Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coming Up Short: The Challenge of 401(k) Plans

As the baby boom begins to withdraw from the labor force, ensuring a secure retirement income becomes an increasingly important issue, the number of people over age 65 is expected to double by 2030. That trend will continue, accompanied by worries about stock market volatility, corporate malfeasance, a rapidly changing economy, and the viability of Social Security. In Coming Up Short , two experts on retirement policy analyze 401(k) plans, the fastest-growing type of employer-sponsored pensions and a vital source of retirement income for the American middle class. Alicia Munnell and Annika Sunden chronicle the development of 401(k) plans, now the dominant form of private pensions. In accessible language, they explain how such plans work and discuss their popularity. For employees, these plans are appealing becuase they have more control over their own retirement funds, and the plans are portable. For employers, the plans are generally less costly than defined benefit plans. Despite those advantages, there are some significant downsides to 401(k) plans. These plans shift all the risk and responsibility to employees, who must decide whether to join, how much to contribute, how to invest, whether to "cash out" when changing jobs, and how to manage their nest egg in retirement. These are difficult decisions, and while in theory 401(k)s could be an effective savings vehicle for retirement, in practice many people make mistakes at every step along the way. Coming Up Short discusses why these mistakes are made and proposes various reforms to ensure that the aging population will have adequate retirement income. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Coming Up Short is an essential resource on 401(k) plans for financial service professionals, policymakers, academics, and individuals planning for their own retirement.
Primary charge separation routes in the BChl:BPhe heterodimer reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.

Energy transfer and the primary charge separation process are studied as a function of excitation wavelength in membrane-bound reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides in which the excitonically coupled bacteriochlorophyll homodimer is converted to a bacteriochlorophyll-bacteriopheophytin heterodimer, denoted D [Bylina, E. J., and Youvan, D. C. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A. 85, 7226]. In the HM202L heterodimer reaction center, excitation of D using 880 nm excitation light results in a 43 ps decay of the excited heterodimer, D. The decay of D results for about 30% in the formation of the charge separated state D+QA- and for about 70% in a decay directly to the ground state. Upon excitation of the monomeric bacteriochlorophylls using 798 nm excitation light, approximately 60% of the excitation energy is transferred downhill to D, forming D. Clear evidence is obtained that the other 40% of the excitations results in the formation of D+QA- via the pathway BA --> BA+HA- --> D+HA- --> D+QA-. In the membrane-bound "reversed" heterodimer reaction center HL173L, the simplest interpretation of the transient absorption spectra following B excitation is that charge separation occurs solely via the slow D-driven route. However, since a bleach at 812 nm is associated with the spectrum of D in the HL173L reaction center, it cannot be excluded that a state including BB is involved in the charge separation process in this complex.
SPACETIME AND THE HOLOGRAPHIC RENORMALIZATION GROUP

Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space can be foliated by a family of nested surfaces homeomorphic to the boundary of the space. We propose a holographic correspondence between theories living on each surface in the foliation and quantum gravity in the enclosed volume. The flow of observables between our ``interior'' theories is described by a renormalization group equation. The dependence of these flows on the foliation of space encodes bulk geometry.
The Intensional Content of Rice ’ s Theorem ( Pearl )

The proofs of major results of Computability Theory like Rice, Rice-Shapiro or Kleene’s fixed point theorem hide more information of what is usually expressed in their respective statements. We make this information explicit, allowing to state stronger, complexity theoretic-versions of all these theorems. In particular, we replace the notion of extensional set of indices of programs, by a set of indices of programs having not only the same extensional behavior but also similar complexity (Complexity Clique). We prove, under very weak complexity assumptions, that any recursive Complexity Clique is trivial, and any r.e. Complexity Clique is an extensional set (and thus satisfies Rice-Shapiro conditions). This allows, for instance, to use Rice’s argument to prove that the property of having polynomial complexity is not decidable, and to use Rice-Shapiro to conclude that it is not even semi-decidable. We conclude the paper with a discussion of “complexity-theoretic” versions of Kleene’s Fixed Point Theorem.
Pricing Options Under Telegraph Processes

In this paper we introduce a financial market model based on continuous time random motions with alternating constant velocities and jumps, which occur with velocity switches. Given that jump directions match velocity directions of the underlying random motion properly in relation to interest rates, in this setting will be free of arbitrage. Additionally, we suppose also the interest rate depending on the market state. The replicating strategies for options are constructed in detail, and closed form formulas for option prices are obtained.
A story generation system based on Propp combined with a conceptual dictionary

Propp's folktale theory has been a theoretical foundation for narrative or story generation system design, and we have also proposed some kinds of systems introduced such narratological idea. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of a system using a story grammar based on the detailed analysis of Propp theory and combined with a conceptual dictionary used commonly in the integrated narrative generation system that we have been developed.
Learning from New Teachers: Project Launch in Broad Strokes.

This paper describes Project Launch, a beginning teacher induction program that combines individual mentoring with large group meetings that address participants' concerns. Planned by a committee of local teachers, administrators, and teacher educators, Project Launch has operated since 1996-97. Unique features include extensive interinstitutional collaboration associated with planning and delivery and incorporation of locally adopted standards to organize understandings of teaching. To participate, teachers must be starting their first full-time teaching contract. Principals assign mentors within the same building for each new teacher. Mentors commit to working with new teachers at least once a week. Activities are organized around action plans formulated in September. Four day-long sessions help build professional community, guide formation of goals, emphasize participants' roles as mentors and teachers, and provide resources. In May, participants share stories of growth directed toward action goals. Project evaluation suggests that effects on teacher retention become apparent as participants move into years 3-5 of teaching. Over the years, perceptions of areas of comfort and discomfort for new teachers have been very similar. Most teachers choose as one of their three action goals an item related to professional development (followed by relationships and learning environment). (Contains 16 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
Judgment of information quality during information seeking and use in the workplace

This continuing research looks into how professionals search, judge, utilise, and communicate information in order to complete work-related tasks and smooth collaborative information behaviour in the workplace. Specifically, this paper reports results from a case study of judgment of information quality behaviour of a marketing professional during information seeking and use at workplace. The preliminary findings include: the marketing professional sought information from internal document, people and email sources as well as external educational, general and research sources to complete 16 work tasks during five working days. The work tasks served as a contextual factor affecting the marketing professional’s selections of information sources and his criteria in the decision making with respect to information quality. Beyond relevance assessment, coverage, accuracy, recommended by supervisor/colleague at work and reliability were important criteria for information source quality. For another, comprehensiveness, accuracy, and credibility were considered as three most important criteria for judging information content quality. Implications for future research are also discussed.
Testing data dependency for microprocessors with a short SIMD instruction set

Povzetek. V temčlanku predstavimo algoritem za ugotavljanje obstoja podatkovne odvisnos ti pri vektorizaciji zank za CPE z naborom ukazov SIMD. Znano je, da lahko zaporedje uk azov, ki izvedejo enako operacijo nad sosednjimi operandi v pomnilniku, nadomestimo z enim samim ukazom SIM D, če med temi ukazi ni prave podatkovne odvisnosti, tj. odvisnosti tipa RAW. Vendar se izka že, da lahko pravo podatkovno odvisnost ignoriramo,če je le razdalja med pomnilni škimi referencami, ki jih beremo, in pomnilni škimi referencami, v katere pǐ semo, enaka ali ve čja od doľ zine registrov SIMD v CPE oz. oď stevila operandov, nad katerimi se naenkrat izvede operacija SIMD. Z ustrezno analizo linearnih izrazov, s katerimi naslavljamo pomnilni ške lokacije, nǎs algoritem ugotavlja koliǩ sna je razdalja med pomnilni škimi referencami, ki nastopata v dveh potencialno podatkovno odvisnih ukazih. Na podlagi te razdalje predlaga ni postopek, ki temelji na preverjanju minimuma in maksimuma razdalje med odvisnima pomnilni škima referencama, daje zeleno lu č za vektorizacijo zank med postopkom prevajanja. Predlagani postopek spada v skupin o t.i. približnih algoritmov za ugotavljanje podatkovne odvisnosti, saj posku ša le dokazati, da odvisnosti ni. Izka že se, da je predlagani postopek u činkoviteǰsi kot najpogosteje uporabljen pribli žni Banerjeejev postopek in ga zato lahko nadomesti v hierarhi čnem sistemu za ugotavljanje podatkovne odvisnosti.
Power Control in Multiuser Mulicarrier Wireless Data Networks

A game-theoretic model is presented to study the management of transmission power in a wireless data network. We propose a power game for a multiuser multicarrier setting where all the users are assumed to transmit at equal rate. At equilibrium, each user is shown to transmit over a single carrier, as in [Mehskati et al., 2006]. We derive the necessary conditions on the path gains when the Nash equilibrium point exists. We further prove the existence of the Nash equilibrium point using the concept of locally gross direction preserving map. A greedy algorithm is proposed and its correctness is established, where each user acts selfishly to achieve the Nash equilibrium point.
The outburst radial velocity curve of X-Ray Nova Scorpii 1994 (=GRO J1655--40)

We present a reanalysis of the outburst radial velocity data for X-Ray Nova Scorpii 1994. Using a model based on X-ray heating of the secondary star we suggest a more realistic treatment of the radial velocity data. Solutions are obtained in the (K_2,q) plane which, when combined with the published value for the binary mass ratio and inclination, constrain the mass of the black hole to within the region 4.1<M_1<6.6 Msun (90 per cent confidence), which is significantly lower than the value obtained by Orosz & Bailyn (1997). This reduced lower bound for the black hole mass together with the high space velocity of the system is consistent with the idea that it was formed by the post-supernova collapse of a neutron star.
The Effect of GDP & Exchange Rates on the Trade Balance Between the United States and Mexico

The purpose of this study is to examine how the trade balance between the United States and Mexico is influenced by the Peso/Dollar exchange rate as well as US and Mexican GDP. This study also briefly examines the Marshall-Lerner condition and J-curve phenomena. Quarterly GDP and real exchange rate data are analyzed using a statistical regression where the independent variables are domestic GDP, foreign GDP, and real exchange rates. Results of the regression are used to explain movements in the trade balance in terms of the variables, as well as evaluate the sensitivity to each. The analysis is conducted from the U.S. perspective meaning that depreciation, a reduction in the value of the U.S. Dollar relative the Mexican Peso, results in a rise in U.S. exports and a fall in U.S. Imports. The sample period of this study is 1994-I to 2010-IV. It was selected because the revaluation of the Mexican Peso was complete by 1994-I. Two models are used to analyze the US Mexico trade balance one an elasticity approach and the other an absorption approach. Results from both models show a fall in United States GDP positively impacts the trade balance; while a drop in Mexican GDP negatively affects the trade balance. Most importantly results show that the trade balance displays an immediate positive reaction to a depreciation of the Dollar. Further, the effects of depreciation have a positive impact on the trade balance for an additional three periods following the depreciation. These results support the hypothesis that the Marshall-Lerner condition is met and provide no evidence of J-Curve patterns.
Role of Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Y in Modulating Food Intake and Energy Balance

Previous studies have suggested that neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) serves as an important signaling peptide in the regulation of energy balance. To elucidate such actions, we used the adenoassociated virus (AAV) system to alter Npy gene expression in the DMH and examined the effects of these alterations on food intake and energy balance as well as explored its downstream signaling pathway. We found that AAV-mediated overexpression of NPY in the DMH of lean rats increased food intake and body weight, and exacerbated high-fat diet-induced obesity. Knockdown of NPY expression in the DMH via AAV-mediated RNA interference ameliorated the hyperphagia, obesity, and diabetes of Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. NPY knockdown in the DMH produced a nocturnal and meal size-specific feeding effect. Moreover, we found that knockdown of DMH NPY expression in intact rats reduced NPY content in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and affected within-meal satiation. DMH NPY knockdown increased the feeding inhibitory and NTS c-Fos responses to peripheral administration of cholecystokinin. Together, these results indicate that DMH NPY plays an important role in modulating food intake and energy balance and its dysregulation causes disordered energy balance leading to obesity.
Nicotine Elicits Prolonged Calcium Signaling along Ventral Hippocampal Axons

Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have long been implicated in the modulation of CNS circuits. We previously reported that brief exposure to low concentrations of nicotine induced sustained potentiation of glutamatergic transmission at ventral hippocampal (vHipp)-striatal synapses. Here, we exploited nAChR subtype-selective antagonists and agonists and α7*nAChR knockout mutant mice (α7-/-) to elucidate the signaling mechanisms underlying nAChR-mediated modulation of synaptic transmission. Using a combination of micro-slices culture from WT and α7-/-mice, calcium imaging, and immuno-histochemical techniques, we found that nicotine elicits localized and oscillatory increases in intracellular Ca2+ along vHipp axons that persists for up to 30 minutes. The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca2+ response was blocked by α-BgTx but not by DHβE and was mimicked by α7*nAChR agonists but not by non-α7*nAChR agonists. In vHipp slices from α7-/- mice, nicotine elicited only transient increases of axonal Ca2+ signals and did not activate CaMKII. The sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca2+ response required localized activation of CaMKII, phospholipase C, and IP3 receptor mediated Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). In conclusion, activation of presynaptic nAChRs by nicotine elicits Ca2+ influx into the presynaptic axons, the sustained phase of the nicotine-induced Ca2+ response requires that axonal α7*nAChR activate a downstream signaling network in the vHipp axons.
Optimal feature extraction and selection techniques for speech processing: A review

Today speech processing is one of the demanding applications among all others. This article highlights two important aspects of speech processing, namely which feature representation must be employed and what is their selection criteria. Depending on different application areas, speech processing needs different set of features and techniques to extract them. At the same time it is necessary to choose optimal set of features or optimal size of feature vector in order to reduce timing complexity. In this context we address various features suitable for different speech processing and how these features should be selected are discussed at the length. There is a need to reduce the size of feature vector, thus various techniques for selecting optimal set of features are also discussed in this article. This paper helps a reader to get a quick insight in the area of speech processing.
Capital Account Liberalization and Currency Crisis - The Case of Central Eastern European Countries

The dissertation investigates if Central and Eastern European countries with unregulated capital flows are more vulnerable to currency crises. In order to answer this question properly the paper considers two lines of analysis: single-country and multi-country. Single -country studies look into three cases: Russia, Poland and Latvia. The multi-country analysis is the simple adaptation of Glick, Guo and Hutchison's probit panel model (2004). The results suggest that countries with liberalized capital accounts experience a lower likelihood of currency crises. Moreover, the information from case studies pointed that the speed and sequence of the CAL process needs to be adequate for the country development.This paper, co-winner of the best student paper award, was presented at the 18th International Conference of the International Trade and Finance Association, meeting at Universidade Nova de Lisboa, May 22, 2008.
The Detection of Fault-Prone Program Using a Neural Network

This paper proposes a discriminant analysis method that uses a neural network model to predict the fault-prone program modules that will cause failure after the release. In our method, neural networks of a layered type are used to represent nonlinear relation among predictor variables and objective variables. Since the relation among predictor variables and objective variables is complicated in real software, linear representation used in conventional discriminant analysis is not suitable for the prediction model. To evaluate the method, we have measured 20 metrics, as predictor variables, from a large scale software that have been maintained more than 20 years, and also measured the number of faults found after the release as objective variables. Result of the evaluation showed that prediction accuracy of our model is better than that of conventional linear model.
Modeling the Temporal Evolution of Acoustic Parameters for Speech Emotion Recognition

During recent years, the field of emotional content analysis of speech signals has been gaining a lot of attention and several frameworks have been constructed by different researchers for recognition of human emotions in spoken utterances. This paper describes a series of exhaustive experiments which demonstrate the feasibility of recognizing human emotional states via integrating low level descriptors. Our aim is to investigate three different methodologies for integrating subsequent feature values. More specifically, we used the following methods: 1) short-term statistics, 2) spectral moments, and 3) autoregressive models. Additionally, we employed a newly introduced group of parameters which is based on the wavelet decomposition. These are compared with a baseline set comprised of descriptors which are usually used for the specific task. Subsequently, we experimented on fusing these sets on the feature and log-likelihood levels. The classification step is based on hidden Markov models, while several algorithms which can handle redundant information were used during fusion. We report results on the well-known and freely available database BERLIN using data of six emotional states. Our experiments show the importance of including information which is captured by the set based on multiresolution analysis and the efficacy of merging subsequent feature values.
Resilience and disaster risk reduction: an etymological journey

Abstract. This paper examines the development over historical time of the meaning and uses of the term resilience. The objective is to deepen our understanding of how the term came to be adopted in disaster risk reduction and resolve some of the conflicts and controversies that have arisen when it has been used. The paper traces the development of resilience through the sciences, humanities, and legal and political spheres. It considers how mechanics passed the word to ecology and psychology, and how from there it was adopted by social research and sustainability science. As other authors have noted, as a concept, resilience involves some potentially serious conflicts or contradictions, for example between stability and dynamism, or between dynamic equilibrium (homeostasis) and evolution. Moreover, although the resilience concept works quite well within the confines of general systems theory, in situations in which a systems formulation inhibits rather than fosters explanation, a different interpretation of the term is warranted. This may be the case for disaster risk reduction, which involves transformation rather than preservation of the "state of the system". The article concludes that the modern conception of resilience derives benefit from a rich history of meanings and applications, but that it is dangerous – or at least potentially disappointing – to read to much into the term as a model and a paradigm.
Faster Set Intersection Algorithms for Text Searching ? University of Waterloo Technical Report CS-2007-13

The intersection of large ordered sets is a common problem in the context of the evaluation of boolean queries to a search engine. In this paper we propose several i mproved algorithms for computing the intersection of sorted arrays, and in particular for searching sorted array s in the intersection context. We perform an experimental comparison with the algorithms from the previous studies fr om Demaine, López-Ortiz and Munro [ALENEX 2001], and from Baeza-Yates and Salinger [SPIRE 2005]; in addition , we implement and test the intersection algorithm from Barbay and Kenyon [SODA 2002] and its randomized varian t [SAGA 2003]. We consider both the random data-set from Baeza-Yates and Salinger, the Google queries used by Demainet al., a corpus provided by Google and a larger corpus from the TREC Terabyte 2006 efficiency que ry stream, along with its own query log. We measure the performance both in terms of the number of compar isons and searches performed, and in terms of the CPU time on two different architectures. Our results confirm or improve the results from both previous studies in their respective context (comparison model on real data and CPU measures on random data), and extend them to new contexts. In particular we show that value-based search algorithms perform well in posting lists in terms of the number of comparisons performed.