Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A DLL-based fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a programmable injection clock

A delay-locked loop (DLL) based fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a programmable injection clock is presented. The proposed DLL architecture overcomes the integer-N limitation of the conventional DLL-based frequency multiplier, and can achieve small frequency step while maintaining low jitter accumulation. The frequency multiplication part is achieved by using either edge-combing DLL or MDLL structure, while the programmable injection clock is obtained by employing a DLL-based digital-to-phase converter. Based on the proposed architecture, a frequency synthesizer with 50MHz-1.3GHz output frequency tuning range has been design in 0. 18μm CMOS technology. And a multiplication ratio of MN / (N+k) can be obtained, in which M, N and K are programmable. The DLL achieves around -42dB reference spur level.
Classification of text documents and extraction of semantically related words using hierarchical Latent Dirichlet Allocation

The amount of available data in our world has been exploding lately. Effectively managing large and growing collections of information is of utmost importance because of criticality and importance of these data to different entities and companies (government, security, education, tourism, health, insurance, finance, etc.). In the field of security, many cyber criminals and victims alike share their experiences via forums, social media and other cyber platforms. These data can in fact provide significant information to people operating in the security field. That is why more and more computer scientists turned to study data classification and topic models. However, processing and analyzing all these data is a difficult task. In this thesis, we have developed an efficient machine learning approach based on hierarchical extension of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to classify textual documents and to extract semantically related words. A variational approach is developed to infer and learn the different parameters of the hierarchical model to represent and classify our data. The data we are dealing with in the scope of this thesis is textual data for which many frameworks have been developed and will be looked at in this thesis. Our model is able to classify textual documents into distinct categories and to extract semantically related words in a collection of textual documents. We also show that our proposed model improves the efficiency of the previously proposed models. This work is part of a large cyber-crime forensics system whose goal is to analyze and discover all kind of information and data as well as the correlation between them in order to help security agencies in their investigations and help with the gathering of critical data.
Smooth and Strong: MAP Inference with Linear Convergence

Maximum a-posteriori (MAP) inference is an important task for many applications. Although the standard formulation gives rise to a hard combinatorial optimization problem, several effective approximations have been proposed and studied in recent years. We focus on linear programming (LP) relaxations, which have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many applications. However, optimization of the resulting program is in general challenging due to non-smoothness and complex non-separable constraints. Therefore, in this work we study the benefits of augmenting the objective function of the relaxation with strong convexity. Specifically, we introduce strong convexity by adding a quadratic term to the LP relaxation objective. We provide theoretical guarantees for the resulting programs, bounding the difference between their optimal value and the original optimum. Further, we propose suitable optimization algorithms and analyze their convergence.
From nounphrase ellipsis to verbphrase ellipsis: The acquisition path from context to abstract reconstruction

The rules of grammar allow us to reconstruct arguments even from limited linguistic form. Such is the case of ellipsis. This very common device of language requires adults and children to exercise pragmatic inference by connecting what they hear either to discourse or context. A sentence like “put it there” requires us to compute where “there” is. Almost every sentence or dialogue contains elliptical reference. If you ask “do you want that” and get the answer “yes”, it must mean “yes I want that” not “yes I’m going outside”. This paper investigates whether children rely on pragmatic inference or language discourse to interpret elliptical utterances. The analyses herein, and the new data presented, suggest that children move from a pragmatic approach to a linguistic one during the course of development. If we say: “here’s cake, want some” the child might fix “some” the way he determines the meaning of “there” by just looking around, while the adult does it by sticking in cake after some to get some cake. Put differently, suppose the child understands “want something” for “want some” and guesses that the topic is the cake she sees and says “yes. ” She would have the right answer obtained through the wrong means. These two totally different strategies divide the world’s languages. In Huang (1982)’s terms the “hot” languages refer to context, where “cool” languages require reference back to discourse. These are broad terms that refer to how easily a particular language allows reference to
MicroRNA-9 Modulates Cajal–Retzius Cell Differentiation by Suppressing Foxg1 Expression in Mouse Medial Pallium

Vertebrate brain hosts a diverse collection of microRNAs, but little is known about their functions in vivo. Here we propose that mouse microRNA-9 (miR-9) targets Foxg1 mRNAs for proper generation of Cajal–Retzius cells in the medial pallium. miR-9 expression is mediolaterally graded, being most intense in the cortical hem; it contrasts with the Foxg1 expression in a reciprocal gradient. The 3′ untranslated regions of tetrapod, but not of teleost, Foxg1 mRNAs conserve miR-9 target sequences and are regulated by miR-9. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses of miR-9 showed that miR-9 negatively regulates endogenous Foxg1 protein level. Moreover, miR-9 overexpression in developing telencephalon at E11.5 by electroporation resulted in ectopic Reelin-positive cells over the cortex beyond the marginal zone. In addition, inhibition of endogenous miR-9 function by antisense oligonucleotides caused the regression of Wnt3a-positive cortical hem and reduction of reelin-, p73-, and NeuroD1-positive cells.
Model Selection for Support Vector Machines via Adaptive Step-Size Tabu Search

The generalisation properties of a support vector classi cation network are typically governed by a regularisation parameter, C, and a small number of parameters specifying the kernel function. The process by which the optimal values of these parameters are obtained is known as model selection. This paper describes an automated model selection procedure based on minimisation of an upper bound on the leave-one-out cross-validation error, via a simple tabu search strategy with adaptive step size adjustment.
Molecular inimitability amongst tumors: implications for precision cancer medicine in the age of personalized oncology

Tumor sequencing has revolutionized oncology, allowing for detailed interrogation of the molecular underpinnings of cancer at an individual level. With this additional insight, it is increasingly apparent that not only do tumors vary within a sample (tumor heterogeneity), but also that each patient's individual tumor is a constellation of unique molecular aberrations that will require an equally unique personalized therapeutic regimen. We report here the results of 439 patients who underwent Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)-certified next generation sequencing (NGS) across histologies. Among these patients, 98.4% had a unique molecular profile, and aside from three primary brain tumor patients with a single genetic lesion (IDH1 R132H), no two patients within a given histology were molecularly identical. Additionally, two sets of patients had identical profiles consisting of two mutations in common and no other anomalies. However, these profiles did not segregate by histology (lung adenocarcinoma-appendiceal cancer (KRAS G12D and GNAS R201C), and lung adenocarcinoma-liposarcoma (CDK4 and MDM2 amplification pairs)). These findings suggest that most advanced tumors are molecular singletons within and between histologies, and that tumors that differ in histology may still nonetheless exhibit identical molecular portraits, albeit rarely.
Nuclear Translocation of Cardiac G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5 Downstream of Select Gq-Activating Hypertrophic Ligands Is a Calmodulin-Dependent Process

G protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) kinases (GRKs) play a crucial role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy. Recent data from our lab has shown that, following ventricular pressure overload, GRK5, a primary cardiac GRK, facilitates maladaptive myocyte growth via novel nuclear localization. In the nucleus, GRK5’s newly discovered kinase activity on histone deacetylase 5 induces hypertrophic gene transcription. The mechanisms governing the nuclear targeting of GRK5 are unknown. We report here that GRK5 nuclear accumulation is dependent on Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) binding to a specific site within the amino terminus of GRK5 and this interaction occurs after selective activation of hypertrophic Gq-coupled receptors. Stimulation of myocytes with phenylephrine or angiotensinII causes GRK5 to leave the sarcolemmal membrane and accumulate in the nucleus, while the endothelin-1 does not cause nuclear GRK5 localization. A mutation within the amino-terminus of GRK5 negating CaM binding attenuates GRK5 movement from the sarcolemma to the nucleus and, importantly, overexpression of this mutant does not facilitate cardiac hypertrophy and related gene transcription in vitro and in vivo. Our data reveal that CaM binding to GRK5 is a physiologically relevant event that is absolutely required for nuclear GRK5 localization downstream of hypertrophic stimuli, thus facilitating GRK5-dependent regulation of maladaptive hypertrophy.
Natural Loss of eyeless/Pax6 Expression in Eyes of Bicyclus anynana Adult Butterflies Likely Leads to Exponential Decrease of Eye Fluorescence in Transgenics

Commonly used visible markers for transgenesis use fluorescent proteins expressed at the surface of the body, such as in eyes. One commonly used marker is the 3xP3-EGFP cassette containing synthetic binding sites for the eyeless/Pax6 conserved transcription factor. This marker cassette leads to fluorescent eyes in a variety of animals tested so far. Here we show that upon reaching adulthood, transgenic Bicyclus anynana butterflies containing this marker cassette exponentially loose fluorescence in their eyes. After 12 days, transgenic individuals are no longer distinguishable from wild type individuals. The decreased eye fluorescence is likely due to significantly decreased or halted eyeless/Pax6 expression observed in wild type animals upon adult emergence. Implications from these findings include care in screening transgenic animals before these reach adulthood, or shortly thereafter, and in using adult animals of the same age for quantitative screening of likely homozygote and heterozygote individuals.
Project portfolio management and enterprise decision making: Benchmarking practices and outcomes

Effective decision making within the innovation project portfolio process is increasingly important to organizational survival. Large sums are invested in innovation projects, however a significant proportion of these do not result in successful new products. Project Portfolio Management (PPM) methods aim to ensure that project decisions are made so that resources are most effectively allocated. PPM decisions should ultimately improve success rates and increase the value of the innovation portfolio to the organization. This paper presents the results of research into innovation PPM practices and new product success levels. The benchmarking study used a research survey to collect information about PPM decision-making methods, attitudes, satisfaction levels, portfolio performance and new product success levels. The results show that PPM practices in Australasia and North America are surprisingly similar indicating that the findings in one region are likely to be relevant in the other. New product success measures correlated highly with established PPM processes in Australasia suggesting that improving PPM practices could boost innovation performance. The selection of the right number of projects for organizational resources was confirmed as one of the biggest PPM challenges. Financial and strategic methods and criteria dominate PPM decision making, however strategic methods and portfolio maps have the strongest positive influence on portfolio performance measures.
Simulation of fluid flow in the step and flash imprint lithography process

Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) is a photolithography process in which the photoresist is dispensed onto the wafer in its liquid monomer form and then imprinted and cured into a desired pattern instead of using traditional optic systems. The mask used in the SFIL process is a template of the desired features that is made using electron beam writing. Several variable sized drops of monomer are dispensed onto the wafer for imprinting. The base layer thickness at the end of the imprinting process is typically about 50 nm, with an approximate imprint area of one square inch. This disparate length scale allows simulation of the fluid movement through the template-wafer channel by solving governing fluid equations that are simplified by lubrication theory. Capillary forces are also an important factor governing fluid movement; a dimensionless number known as the capillary number is used to describe these forces. This paper presents a simulation to model the flow and coalescence of the multiple fluid drops and the effect the number of drops dispensed has on final imprint time. The imprint time is shown to decrease with the use of increasing numbers of drops or with the use of an applied force on the template. Appropriate filling of features in the template is an important issue in SFIL, so a mechanism for handling the interface movement into features using a modified boundary condition is outlined and examples are. Fluid spreading outside of the mask edge is also an issue that is resolved by results from this study. The simulation is thus a useful predictive tool providing insight on the effect multiple drop configurations and applied force have on imprint time, as well as providing a means for predicting feature filling.
ARM BASED MODERN SYSTEM IMPLEMENTED FOR TRANSACTIONS ON ATM DESIGNED TERMINAL

The purpose of this project is to increase the security that customer who uses ATM machine. Once user's bank card is lost and the password is stolen, the criminal will draw all cash in the shortest time, which will bring enormous financial losses to customer, so in order to rectify this problem we are implementing this project. Now a days using the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) which provide customers with the convenient bank transactions. However, the financial crime case rises repeatedly in recent years; a lot of criminals tamper with the ATM(5) terminal and steal user's credit card and password by illegal means. Once user's bank card is lost and the password is stolen, the criminal will draw all cash in the shortest time, which will bring enormous financial losses to customer. Due to all this reasons we have proposed this project which can save customers money from criminals. Traditional ATM systems authenticate generally by using the credit card and the password, the method has some defects. Using credit card and password cannot verify the client's identity exactly. In recent years, the algorithm that the fingerprint recognition continuously updated, which has offered new verification means for us, the original password authentication method combined with the biometric finger module which we can protect our money from illegal activities.
Perception of CSR and Its Consequences A Literature Review

Employees’ perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has an important impact on the attitudes and behaviors of the employees, one of the most important stakeholders in the enterprises. According to the model proposed by Gond et al. (2017), this paper systematically reviewed the relationship between employees’ perception of CSR and its consequences. Results show that perception of CSR are positively related to employees' positive attitudes and behaviors, and negatively related to their negative attitudes and behaviors. Keywords—perception of CSR; attitude; behavior
Standard dtd's and Scientific Publishing

This paper has two parts. In the first part we argue that scientific publishing needsone standard dtd for each class of documents that is published, for example one for all research papers and one for all books. In the second part we apply this reasoning to mathematical formulas, and we outline some design requirements for a document type definition for mathematical formulas. In the appendices we discuss and compare existing document type definitions for mathematical formulas.
Using genomics to characterize evolutionary potential for conservation of wild populations

Genomics promises exciting advances towards the important conservation goal of maximizing evolutionary potential, notwithstanding associated challenges. Here, we explore some of the complexity of adaptation genetics and discuss the strengths and limitations of genomics as a tool for characterizing evolutionary potential in the context of conservation management. Many traits are polygenic and can be strongly influenced by minor differences in regulatory networks and by epigenetic variation not visible in DNA sequence. Much of this critical complexity is difficult to detect using methods commonly used to identify adaptive variation, and this needs appropriate consideration when planning genomic screens, and when basing management decisions on genomic data. When the genomic basis of adaptation and future threats are well understood, it may be appropriate to focus management on particular adaptive traits. For more typical conservations scenarios, we argue that screening genome‐wide variation should be a sensible approach that may provide a generalized measure of evolutionary potential that accounts for the contributions of small‐effect loci and cryptic variation and is robust to uncertainty about future change and required adaptive response(s). The best conservation outcomes should be achieved when genomic estimates of evolutionary potential are used within an adaptive management framework.
Multi-Document Update and Opinion Summarization

Automatic summarization involves reducing a text document or a larger corpus of multiple documents into a short set of words or paragraph that conveys the main meaning of the text. Two particular types of summarization often addressed in the literature are keyphrase extraction, where the goal is to select individual words or phrases to ”tag” a document, and document summarization, where the goal is to select whole sentences to create a short paragraph summary. A recent area which is evolving is of opinion summarization where a consolidated summary of various opinionated sentences or phrases on certain features of the topic are identified and presented in a suitable manner. In this document, we discuss about a summarization system built using MEAD framework for multi-document summarization and update summarization and another system build specially for the purpose of opinion summarization using novel techniques for automatic feature extraction from product reviews. We also look on novel methods of sentiment analysis for product review opinions which can be extended to other types of texts also without much changes. We try to evaluate different approaches using our system along with some of the summarization systems submitted in earlier Document Understanding Conferences.
Conceptual design of data warehouses from E/R schemes

Data warehousing systems enable enterprise managers to acquire and integrate information from heterogeneous sources and to query very large databases efficiently. Building a data warehouse requires adopting design and implementation techniques completely different from those underlying information systems. We present a graphical conceptual model for data warehouses, called Dimensional Fact model, and propose a semi-automated methodology to build it from the pre-existing entity/relationship schemes describing a database. Our conceptual model consists of tree-structured fact schemes whose basic elements are facts, attributes, dimensions and hierarchies; other features which may be represented on fact schemes are the additivity of fact attributes along dimensions, the optionality of dimension attributes and the existence of non-dimension attributes. Compatible fact schemes may be overlapped in order to relate and compare data. Fact schemes may be integrated with information of the conjectured workload, expressed in terms of query patterns, to be used as the input of a design phase whose output are the logical and physical schemes of the data warehouse.
Active video games to promote physical activity in children and youth: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES To systematically review levels of metabolic expenditure and changes in activity patterns associated with active video game (AVG) play in children and to provide directions for future research efforts. DATA SOURCES A review of the English-language literature (January 1, 1998, to January 1, 2010) via ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Scholars Portal using the following keywords: video game, exergame, physical activity, fitness, exercise, energy metabolism, energy expenditure, heart rate, disability, injury, musculoskeletal, enjoyment, adherence, and motivation. STUDY SELECTION Only studies involving youth (< or = 21 years) and reporting measures of energy expenditure, activity patterns, physiological risks and benefits, and enjoyment and motivation associated with mainstream AVGs were included. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Articles were reviewed and data were extracted and synthesized by 2 independent reviewers. MAIN OUTCOME EXPOSURES: Energy expenditure during AVG play compared with rest (12 studies) and activity associated with AVG exposure (6 studies). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage increase in energy expenditure and heart rate (from rest). RESULTS Activity levels during AVG play were highly variable, with mean (SD) percentage increases of 222% (100%) in energy expenditure and 64% (20%) in heart rate. Energy expenditure was significantly lower for games played primarily through upper body movements compared with those that engaged the lower body (difference, -148%; 95% confidence interval, -231% to -66%; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS The AVGs enable light to moderate physical activity. Limited evidence is available to draw conclusions on the long-term efficacy of AVGs for physical activity promotion.
Exemplar codes for facial attributes and tattoo recognition

When implementing real-world computer vision systems, researchers can use mid-level representations as a tool to adjust the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Unfortunately, existing mid-level representations that improve accuracy tend to decrease efficiency, or are specifically tailored to work well within one pipeline or vision problem at the exclusion of others. We introduce a novel, efficient mid-level representation that improves classification efficiency without sacrificing accuracy. Our Exemplar Codes are based on linear classifiers and probability normalization from extreme value theory. We apply Exemplar Codes to two problems: facial attribute extraction and tattoo classification. In these settings, our Exemplar Codes are competitive with the state of the art and offer efficiency benefits, making it possible to achieve high accuracy even on commodity hardware with a low computational budget.