Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Affective Algorithms of Conspiracy TikTok

ABSTRACT The initial optimism about the embedded and everyday integration of social media has, over time, given way to pessimism via the acknowledgment of these platforms’ role in the spread of mis(dis)information and the erosion of democratic ideals. Inspired by emergent accounts of how users encounter, experience, and make sense of algorithms in their everyday lives, we offer an ethnographic investigation into Conspiracy TikTok, tracing the affective flows of mis(dis)information on the platform. Specifically, we highlight our observations on reverse engineering TikTok’s algorithm, the affective pull of conspiracy content, and the critical element of algorithmic personalization.
Approximating the maximum of a polynomial over a polytope: Handelman decomposition and continuous generating functions

Author(s): De Loera, Jesus; Dutra, Brandon; Koppe, Matthias | Abstract: We investigate a way to approximate the maximum of a polynomial over a polytopal region by using Handelman's polynomial decomposition and continuous multivariate generating functions. The maximization problem is NP-hard, but our approximation methods will run in polynomial time when the dimension is fixed.
Localization of a magnetic moment using a two-qubit probe

A nanomagnet precessing in an external magnetic field can be treated classically as a source of narrow-bandwidth magnetic field noise that leaves characteristic fingerprints in decoherence of a nearby spin qubit undergoing dynamical decoupling. We show how one can reconstruct the exact position of the moment by measurements of coherence of a two-qubit state. Such localization of noise source is possible with only two detectors, because measurements of coherence decay under appropriately designed dynamical decoupling sequences give access not only to noises experienced by each qubit, but also to their cross-correlations. We test the applicability of the proposed protocol on an example of two qubits coupled to the nanomagnet via dipolar interaction. We also show how, using a two-qubit sensor possessing a particular symmetry, one can localize the nanomagnet even when information about the character and strength of sensor-magnet coupling is unknown.
The Variable X-Ray Spectrum of Markarian 766. II. Time-resolved Spectroscopy

Context. The variable X-ray spectra of AGN systematically show steep power-law high states and hard-spectrum low states. The hard, low state has previously been found to be a component with only weak variability. The origin of this component and the relative importance of effects such as absorption and relativistic blurring are currently not clear. Aims. In a follow-up of previous principal components analysis we aim to determine the relative importance of scattering and absorption effects on the time-varying X-ray spectrum of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 766. Methods. Time-resolved spectroscopy, slicing XMM and Suzaku data down to 25 ks elements is used to investigate whether absorption or scattering components dominate the spectral variations in Mrk 766. Results. Time-resolved spectroscopy confirms that spectral variability in Mrk 766 can be explained by either of two interpretations of principal components analysis. Detailed investigation confirm rapid changes in the relative strengths of scattered and direct emission or rapid changes in absorber covering fraction provide good explanations of most of the spectral variability. However, a strong correlation between the 6.97 keV absorption line and primary continuum together with rapid opacity changes show that variations in a complex and multi-layered absorber, most likely a disk wind, are the dominant source of spectral variability in Mrk 766.
Quantum communication with coherent states and linear optics

that use only a sequence of coherent states, linear optics operations, and measurements with single-photon threshold detectors. The new class of protocols requires a number of optical modes equal to the dimension of the original states, but the total number of photons can be chosen independently from the dimension and is typically very small. The protocols obtained from the mapping share important properties with the original ones, meaning that they can also full the goal that the original protocols where intended to achieve. Overall, the mapping is suitable for its application to protocols that originally require a moderate number of qubits, but are still hard to implement with usual methods. In the remainder of this paper, we describe the mapping in detail and discuss the various properties of the coherent-state protocols. We proceed by examining how the mapping can be applied to construct protocols in quantum communication complexity and describe protocols for the hidden matching problem and for quantum digital signatures, both of which can be realized with technology that is within current reach.
Precision quantum Hall resistance measurement on epitaxial graphene device in low magnetic field

Precision quantum Hall resistance (QHR) measurements were performed on large-area epitaxial graphene device at temperature T = 1.5 K and at magnetic fields B from 8 T down to 2.5 T, that is much lower than typically used in precision QHR measurement. QHR was measured using cryogenic current comparator resistance bridge with relatively large biasing current Isd = 41 μA to reduce measurement uncertainty. The results showed that at B = 8 T, the relative deviation of Hall resistance from the expected quantized value h/2e2 is within experimental uncertainty of 3.5 parts in 108 and remained below 0.35 parts per million (ppm) down to B = 3 T.
LONG-TERM MULTI-WAVELENGTH STUDIES OF GRS 1915+105. I. A HIGH-ENERGY AND MID-INFRARED FOCUS WITH RXTE/INTEGRAL AND SPITZER

To date, mid-infrared properties of Galactic black hole binaries have barely been investigated in the framework of multi-wavelength campaigns. Yet, studies in this spectral domain are crucial to get complementary information on the presence of dust and/or on the physical processes such as dust heating and thermal bremsstrahlung. Here, we report a long-term multi-wavelength study of the microquasar GRS 1915+105. On the one hand, we aimed at understanding the origins of the mid-infrared emission, and on the other hand, at searching for correlation with the high-energy and/or radio activities. We observed the source at several epochs between 2004 and 2006 with the photometer IRAC and spectrometer IRS, both mounted on the Spitzer Space Telescope. When available, we completed our set of data with quasi-simultaneous RXTE/INTEGRAL high-energy and/or Ryle radio observations from public archives. We then studied the mid-infrared environment and activities of GRS 1915+105 through spectral analysis and broadband fitting of its radio to X-ray spectral energy distributions. We detected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in all but one IRS spectra of GRS 1915+105 which unambiguously proves the presence of a dust component, likely photoionized by the high-energy emission. We also argue that this dust is distributed in a disk-like structure heated by the companion star, as observed in some Herbig Ae/Be and isolated cool giant stars. Moreover, we show that some of the soft X-ray emission emanating from the inner regions of the accretion disk is reprocessed and thermalized in the outer part. This leads to a mid-infrared excess that is very likely correlated to the soft X-ray emission. We exclude thermal bremsstrahlung as contributing significantly in this spectral domain.
Characterization of terahertz wavefront aberrations using computational shear-interferometry

Abstract. We propose a new solution for sensing a terahertz (THz) wavefront based on a THz reference-less shear interferometer. The key component of the experimental configuration of the proposed interferometer is a THz Ronchi phase grating (RPG). The RPG is custom designed and fabricated for a 0.28 THz source using mechanical milling on a block of high-density polyethylene with a computer numerical control machine. It acts as a shearing element that generates two diffraction orders, thereby, creating two laterally shifted copies of the investigated wavefront in the sensor plane where a THz camera is placed. The direction of the shear can be varied by rotating the grating. Since the grating is a phase grating, the diffraction efficiency is very high. The approach is verified experimentally by demonstrating interferograms of a spherical wave and wavefront reconstruction from five different shears using a gradient-based iterative process.
Writing Women in Mathematics into Wikipedia

In this article I reflect upon the problems connected with writing women in mathematics into Wikipedia. I discuss some of the current projects and efforts aimed at increasing the visibility of women in mathematics on Wikipedia. I present the rules for creating a biography on Wikipedia and relate my personal experiences in creating such articles. I hope to provide the reader with the background and resources to start editing existing Wikipedia articles and the confidence to create new articles. I would also like to encourage existing editors to look out for and protect new articles about women mathematicians and submit new articles.
Gas dynamic virtual nozzle for generation of microscopic droplet streams

As shown by Gañán-Calvo (1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 285–8), a free liquid jet can be compressed in diameter through gas dynamic forces exerted by a coaxially co-flowing gas, obviating the need for a solid nozzle to form a microscopic liquid jet and thereby alleviating the clogging problems that plague conventional droplet sources of small diameter. We describe in this paper a novel form of droplet beam source based on this principle. The source is miniature, robust, dependable, easily fabricated, essentially immune to clogging and eminently suitable for delivery of microscopic liquid droplets, including hydrated biological samples, into vacuum for analysis using vacuum instrumentation. Monodisperse, single-file droplet streams are generated by triggering the device with a piezoelectric actuator.
Current cosmological constraints on the curvature, dark energy and modified gravity

We apply the Union2 compilation of 557 supernova Ia data, the baryon acoustic oscillation measurement of distance, the cosmic microwave background radiation data from the 7-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, and the Hubble parameter data to study the geometry of the Universe and the property of dark energy by using models and parametrizations with different high-redshift behaviours of w(z). We find that the A cold dark matter model is consistent with current data, that the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model is excluded by the data at more than the 3σ level, that the Universe is almost flat and that the current data are unable to distinguish between models with different behaviours of w(z) at high redshift. We also add the growth factor data to constrain the growth index of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model and find that it is more than 1σ away from its theoretical value.
Return probability after a quench from a domain wall initial state in the spin-1/2 XXZ chain

We study the return probability and its imaginary (τ) time continuation after a quench from a domain wall initial state in the XXZ spin chain, focusing mainly on the region with anisotropy |Δ|<1. We establish exact Fredholm determinant formulas for those, by exploiting a connection to the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. In imaginary time, we find the expected scaling for a partition function of a statistical mechanical model of area proportional to τ2, which reflects the fact that the model exhibits the limit shape phenomenon. In real time, we observe that in the region |Δ|<1 the decay for long time t is nowhere continuous as a function of anisotropy: it is Gaussian at roots of unity and exponential otherwise. We also determine that the front moves as xf(t)=t1−Δ2, by the analytic continuation of known arctic curves in the six-vertex model. Exactly at |Δ|=1, we find the return probability decays as e−ζ(3/2)t/πt1/2O(1). It is argued that this result provides an upper bound on spin transport. In particular, it suggests that transport should be diffusive at the isotropic point for this quench.
SDSS J114657.79+403708.6: the third most distant blazar at z = 5.0

The radio-loud quasar SDSS J114657.79+403708.6 at a redshift z=5.0 is one of the most distant radio-loud objects. The IR-optical luminosity and spectrum suggest that its black hole has a very large mass: M=(5+-1)x 1e9 Msun. The radio-loudness (ratio of the radio to optical flux) of the source is large (around 100), suggesting that the source is viewed at small angles from the jet axis, and could be a blazar. The X-ray observations fully confirm this hypothesis, due to the high level and hardness of the flux. This makes SDSS J114657.79+403708.6 the third most distant blazar known, after Q0906+693 (z=5.47) and B2 1023+25 (z=5.3). Among those, SDSS J114657.79+403708.6 has the largest black hole mass, setting interesting constraints on the mass function of heavy (larger than one billion solar masses) black holes at high redshifts.
Impact of point source clustering on cosmological parameters with CMB anisotropies

Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Marconi” and INFN, sezione di Roma,Universita’ di Roma “La Sapienza”, Ple Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.The faint radio point sources that are unresolved in cosmic microwave background (CMB)anisotropy maps are likely to be a biased tracer of the large-scale structure dark matter distri-bution. While the shot-noise contribution to the angular power spectrum of unresolved radio pointsources is included either when optimally constructing the CMB angular power spectrum, as withWMAP data, or when extracting cosmological parameters, we suggest that clustering part of thepoint source power spectrum should also be included. This is especially necessary at high frequen-cies above 150 GHz, where the clustering of far-IR sources is expected to dominate the shot-noiselevel of the angular power spectrum at tens of arcminute angular scales of both radio and sub-mmsources. We make an estimate of source clustering of unresolved radio sources in both WMAP andACBAR, and marginalize over the amplitude of source clustering in each CMB data set when modelﬁtting for cosmological parameters. For the combination of WMAP 5-year data and ACBAR, weﬁnd that the spectral index changes from the value of 0.963 ± 0.014 to 0.959 ± 0.014 (at 68% c.l.)when the clustering power spectrum of point sources is included in model ﬁts. While we ﬁnd thatthe diﬀerences are marginal with and without source clustering in current data, it may be necessaryto account for source clustering with future datasets such as Planck, especially to properly modelﬁt anisotropies at arcminute angular scales. If clustering is not accounted and point sources aremodeled with a shot-noise only out to l ∼ 2000, the spectral index will be biased by about 1. 5σ.
A TWO-PHASE LOW-VELOCITY OUTFLOW IN THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY Ark 564

The Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 564 was observed with Chandra high-energy transmission gratings for 250 ks. We present the high-resolution X-ray spectrum that shows several associated absorption lines. The photoionization model requires two warm absorbers (WAs) with two different ionization states (log U = 0.39 ± 0.03 and log U = −0.99 ± 0.13), both with moderate outflow velocities (∼100 km s−1) and relatively low line of sight column densities (log NH = 20.94 and 20.11 cm−2). The high-ionization phase produces absorption lines of O vii, O viii, Ne ix, Ne x, Mg xi, Fe xvii, and Fe xviii, while the low-ionization phase produces lines at lower energies (O viand O vii). The pressure–temperature equilibrium curve for the Ark 564 absorber does not have the typical “S” shape, even if the metallicity is super-solar; as a result, the two WA phases do not appear to be in pressure balance. This suggests that the continuum incident on the absorbing gas is perhaps different from the observed continuum. We also estimated the mass outflow rate and the associated kinetic energy and find it to be at most 0.009% of the bolometric luminosity of Ark 564. Thus, it is highly unlikely that these outflows provide significant feedback required by the galaxy formation models.
A one-loop test for construction of 4D N = 4 SYM from 2D SYM via fuzzy-sphere geometry

A one-loop test for construction of 4D N = 4 SYM from 2D SYM via fuzzy-sphere geometry So Matsuura1,∗ and Fumihiko Sugino2,∗ 1Department of Physics, and Research and Education Center for Natural Science, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan 2Okayama Institute for Quantum Physics, Kyoyama 1-9-1, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0015, Japan ∗E-mail: s.matsu@phys-h.keio. ac.jp, fusugino@gmail.com
Social Representations in Street-Level Bureaucracies – Production and Reproduction of Knowledge Within Public Administration

The concept of street-level bureaucracy is central to understanding public administration because it pinpoints the role of individual civil servants in the realization of policy. An issue in need of further illumination is that of knowledge production and reproduction in street-level bureaucracies. This article seeks to examine these issues by linking street-level bureaucracy with the theory of social representations. Social representations offer a social-psychological understanding of how individuals make sense of their reality in day-to-day interaction. The aim of this article is to describe and demonstrate how an integration of these two concepts can enrich the analysis of street-level bureaucracies. The synthesis is also demonstrated by presenting an analysis of social representations of unemployment among two groups of street-level bureaucrats.
Zakat contribution model in entrepreneurship empowerment of zakat institutions

This study aims to find out how the strategy of distribution implemented by Muhammadiyah Zakat Management Institution (Lazismu) in the entrepreneurship empowerment program and zakat distribution program for zakat recipients. The method in this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation, with validity using a triangulation model. Sampling was focused on the distribution of the entrepreneurship empowerment program for the 2021 period. The sample studied was the zakat manager and 8 zakat recipients of the empowerment program. This study shows that financial assistance in the form of zakat funds can increase the income and economy of most recipients. Accordingly, this program helped the community to improve the business and realize the main goal of productive zakat, namely increasing the economy of zakat recipients and adding new zakat givers and new zakat recipients. Furthermore, the main objective is to develop and advance the economy of the poor zakat recipients. The solution offered regarding the problems faced by Zakat recipients is to maximize the role of the Leaders in monitoring and empowering zakat recipients on an ongoing basis. In addition, monitoring and supervision are carried out by holding regular recitations for zakat recipients
On m-metric spaces and fixed point theorems

In this paper we make some observations concerning m-metric spaces and point out some discrepancies in the proofs found in the literature. To remedy this, we propose a new topological construction and prove that it is in fact a generalization of a partial metric space. Then, using this construction, we present our main theorem having as its corollaries the fixed point theorems found in previous publications.
Generic 1-parameter pertubations of a vector field with a singular point of codimension k

We describe the equivalence classes of germs of generic 1-parameter families of complex vector fields z dot = omega_epsilon(z) on C unfolding a singular point of multiplicity k+1: omega_0 = z^{k+1} + o(z^{k+1}). The equivalence is under conjugacy by holomorphic change of coordinate and parameter. We provide a description of the modulus space and (almost) unique normal forms. As a preparatory step, we present the complete bifurcation diagram of the family of vector fields z dot = z^{k+1} - epsilon, over CP1.
Evolutionary Model of e-Procurement Adoption: A Case of the Vietnam Construction Industry

In order to propose more effective solutions to improve the diffusion of e-procurement technologies in the construction sector, it is very important to get a better understanding on the practical evolutionary process of e-procurement adoption at the enterprise level. This cases-study seeks to investigate the strategic evolution of e-procurement adoption in construction companies. Data collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews was analyzed by within-case and cross-case analyses to understand well the similarities and differences between the company cases regarding the way e-procurement technologies have been adopting and implementing. The present study found out a six-stage evolutionary model of e-procurement implementation specific for the context of Vietnamese construction industry. Further, it also proposed the best practical solutions for the casesstudied as well as for the general context toward more collaborative e-procurement environment. Although this study is based on the experience of the construction section in a specific country, it is believed its results may be applicable to other developing countries. Using the evolutionary model developed, construction companies are able to self-assess and locate their e-procurement adoption level, and so that establish appropriate practical solutions to move forward a higher level of e-procurement applicability.
Optimal response to non-equilibrium disturbances under truncated Burgers–Hopf dynamics

We model and compute the average response of truncated Burgers–Hopf dynamics to finite perturbations away from the Gibbs equipartition energy spectrum using a dynamical optimization framework recently conceptualized in a series of papers. Non-equilibrium averages are there approximated in terms of geodesic paths in probability space that ‘best-fit’ the Liouvillean dynamics over a family of quasi-equilibrium trial densities. By recasting the geodesic principle as an optimal control problem, we solve numerically for the non-equilibrium responses using an augmented Lagrangian, non-linear conjugate gradient descent method. For moderate perturbations, we find an excellent agreement between the optimal predictions and the direct numerical simulations of the truncated Burgers–Hopf dynamics. In this near-equilibrium regime, we argue that the optimal response theory provides an approximate yet predictive counterpart to fluctuation-dissipation identities.
An Improved Forecast of Patchy Reionization Reconstruction with CMB

Inhomogeneous reionization gives rise to angular fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) optical depth tau(n) to the last scattering surface, correlating different spherical harmonic modes and imprinting characteristic non-Gaussianity on CMB maps. Recently the minimum variance quadratic estimator has been derived using this mode-coupling signal, and found that the optical depth fluctuations could be detected with (S/N)^2 ~ 100 in futuristic experiments like CMBPol. We first demonstrate that the non-Gaussian signal from gravitational lensing of CMB is the dominant source of contamination for reconstructing inhomogeneous reionization signals, even with 98% of its contribution removed by delensing. We then construct unbiased estimators that simultaneously reconstruct inhomogeneous reionization signals tau(n) and gravitational lensing potential phi(n). We apply our new unbiased estimators to future CMB experiment to assess the detectability of inhomogeneous reionization signals. With more physically motivated simulations of inhomogenuous reionizations that predict an order of magnitude smaller optical depth power spectrum than previous studies, we show that a CMBPol-like experiment could achieve a marginal detection of inhomogeneous reionization,(S/N)^2 ~ O(1) with this quadratic estimator to ~O(10) with the analogous maximum likelihood estimator.