Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The microfabric of calcite tectonites from the Helvetic Nappes (Swiss Alps)

Summary The crystallographic orientations of calcite in tectonites from the Morcles Nappe and the Glarus Overthrust have been measured by X-ray texture goniometry. The orientation data are represented by pole figures, inverse pole figures and as orientation distribution functions. The patterns of preferred orientation observed in the specimens from the Morcles Nappe are correlated with intracrystalline slip mechanisms. The patterns exhibit quasiaxial symmetry and in some cases the axis of symmetry is oblique to the symmetry of the macroscopic fabric. This obliquity is interpreted as the result of a rotational strain path and may be used to infer direction and sense of shear. Some specimens of the Lochseiten mylonite from the Glarus Thrust show no strong preferred crystallographic orientation. This suggests that grain boundary sliding was the major deformation mechanism.
First Known Axis Vertebra of a Madtsoiid Snake (Yurlunggur camfieldensis) and Remarks on the Neck of Snakes

The cervical vertebrae of basal fossil snakes are important objects of study for clarifying the pattern and process of the evolutionary transition from tetrapodal (lizard) ancestors. This transition has recently been addressed in studies of developmental genetics as well as phylogeny-based comparative analyses of limb-reduced lizards, without apparent resolution. An axis (second cervical) vertebra of a large snake from the Camfield Beds, Northen Territory (Bullock Creek Local Fauna, Middle Miocene) is attributed to the holotype skeleton of Yurhmggur camfleldensis Scanlon, 1992 (Madtsoiidae). It is the first axis known from this extinct family, but is likely to provide useful taxonomic data when those of other species are identified. As well as similarities to primitive extant snakes of several families, some features resemble those of certain varanoid lizards.
Evaluation of miRNA-196a2 and apoptosis-related target genes: ANXA1, DFFA and PDCD4 expression in gastrointestinal cancer patients: A pilot study

Previous reports have suggested the significant association of miRNAs aberrant expression with tumor initiation, progression and metastasis in cancer, including gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. The current preliminary study aimed to evaluate the relative expression levels of miR-196a2 and three of its selected apoptosis-related targets; ANXA1, DFFA and PDCD4 in a sample of GI cancer patients. Quantitative real-time PCR for miR-196a2 and its selected mRNA targets, as well as immunohistochemical assay for annexin A1 protein expression were detected in 58 tissues with different GI cancer samples. In addition, correlation with the clinicopathological features and in silico network analysis of the selected molecular markers were analyzed. Stratified analyses by cancer site revealed elevated levels of miR-196a2 and low expression of the selected target genes. Annexin protein expression was positively correlated with its gene expression profile. In colorectal cancer, miR-196a over-expression was negatively correlated with annexin A1 protein expression (r = -0.738, p < 0.001), and both were indicators of unfavorable prognosis in terms of poor differentiation, larger tumor size, and advanced clinical stage. Taken together, aberrant expression of miR-196a2 and the selected apoptosis-related biomarkers might be involved in GI cancer development and progression and could have potential diagnostic and prognostic roles in these types of cancer; particularly colorectal cancer, provided the results experimentally validated and confirmed in larger multi-center studies.
Gender Classification From Text Data In Social Network

บทคัดย่อ—ในยุคทีข้อมูลมีมากมายมหาศาลบนโลกของอินเตอร์เน็ต การทีเราสามารถ เกบ็ข้อมูลของบุคคลกับความสนใจต่างๆ ได้ ทําให้เราสามารถใช้ประโยชน์จากข้อมูลเหล่านีได้ อย่างเต็มที อาทิเช่น ถ้านักการตลาดรู้ว่าสินค้าของบริษัทชินนีอยู่ในความสนใจของคนกลุ ่ม ไหน ไม่ว่าจะเป็นคนอายุน้อย คนอายุเยอะ เพศชาย เพศหญิง คนในกรุงเทพฯ หรือคน ต่างจังหวัด จะทําให้สามารถวางแผนการตลาดเจาะกลุ่มบุคคลได้อย่างถูกต้อง ซึงเป็น การตลาดทีเรียกว่าการตลาดส่วนบุคคล (Personalized Marking) ทําให้เพิมประสิทธิภาพใน การตลาดได้มากยิงขึน แต่ข้อมูลทีอยู่บนอินเตอร์เน็ตนันมักมาในรูปของข้อความทีไม่มี โครงสร้างและไม่มีป้ายกํากับบอกสิงทีเราต้องการ ในงานวิจัยนีได้นําเสนอวิธีการจําแนกเพศ ของผู ้ เขียนข้อความ จากข้อความบนโซเชียลเน็ตเวิร์ก โดยการประยุกต์ใช้เทคนิคการ ประมวลผลภาษาธรรมชาติกับการสกัดคุณลักษณะ ร่วมกับการสร้างแบบจําลองการเรียนรู้ ของเครือง ให้ค่าความแม่นยําในการจําแนกเพศ 79.04%
Modelling water and chemical transport in large undisturbed soil cores using HYDRUS-2D

The ability of HYDRUS-2D (HYDRUS) to simulate water and chemical transport in large, undisturbed cores of a Vertosol and a Podosol soil was investigated. Parameters required by HYDRUS for simulating water and chemical transport, and nitrogen transformation, were obtained from previously published laboratory studies. HYDRUS simulated the measured cumulative drainage and cumulative chloride (Cl–) leaching behaviour very closely for both soil types, and also provided a very good description of coupled nitrogen transformation (conversion of ammonium to nitrate) and leaching (coefficient of model efficiency ∼1). There was little correlation between measured and predicted potassium (K+) leaching from the Podosol, suggesting that the mathematical equations governing the transport of reactive chemicals did not adequately reflect K+ behaviour in this coarse-textured soil. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear but may have been related to the use of sorption parameters obtained from batch rather than miscible displacement techniques, or mechanisms controlling K+ sorption were not well represented by the general non-linear sorption equation used by HYDRUS. The ability of HYDRUS to accurately simulate water and non-reactive chemical transport agrees with previous studies; however, more investigation into its suitability for predicting the movement reactive chemicals in soil is warranted.
Models of risk construction: some applications to climate change

Social psychological models that describe how people perceive and react to hazards are presented. A risk representation is a product of a process in which a hazard is recognized, its characteristics identified, and the probability of its negative impacts occurring are estimated. This will often include developing an explanation for how the hazard has come into being. The ‘psychometric paradigm’ as a method for examining the perceived characteristics of hazards is summarized before proceeding to outline the ‘mental models’ approach for analyzing risk representations. The role of affect (‘the affect heuristic’, anticipated regret, fear, and anger) in risk representations is explored. Evidence of the impact of individual differences (in particular, in vulnerability and self‐efficacy) upon risk reactions is analyzed. The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) is used to introduce the significance of social influence processes in shaping the risk representations. SARF does not specify the processes that determine substance, form, or acceptance of risk representations. The work on the effect of hazard sequences, hazard templates, and hazard negotiation on amplification processes partially rectifies this. However, there are two other theoretical approaches that have been used in this area are summarized: Social Representations Theory and Identity Processes Theory.
Eddy overturning across a shelf edge front: Kongsfjorden, west Spitsbergen

[1] Eddy overturning across a shelf edge front has been investigated in a simplified model setup comprising an along-slope uniform shelf and slope with a slope current. Results from three model runs are presented, each initiated with and nudged toward a sharp shelf edge front in temperature, salinity, density, and velocity. Data collected off Kongsfjorden at Spitsbergen were used for initiating the model runs. Three distinctly different density fronts were used to initialize the model runs, one with a negative cross-frontal density gradient toward the shelf, one with a positive density gradient, and one with a combination of negative density gradient in the upper water column and a positive in the lower water column. The model results indicate that the initial cross-frontal density gradients determine the eddy overturning direction, acting toward flattened or terrain-following isopycnals. The steady state modeled fronts resemble quite well the observed front structures, as well as temperature and salinity fields. This indicates that eddy overturning plays an important role in cross-frontal exchange of water masses along the shelf edge front off west Spitsbergen. The Eulerian mean cross-slope flow is close to zero, and the corresponding fluxes do not describe the correct vertical distribution.
Source of radiogenic helium 4 in shallow aquifers: Implications for dating young groundwater

Radiogenic helium 4 (4Herad) has been used in numerous studies as a tracer of groundwater age in the range of 103–108 years. We have measured 4Herad along shallow groundwater flow paths at a variety of hydrogeologically distinct sites and postulate its use for dating groundwater as young as 101 years. Groundwater travel times and fluid velocities are particularly well documented at one site in northern Ontario because of detailed profiling of tritium, 3H/3He ratios, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Metamorphic rocks of the Canadian Shield (>1 Ga) that contain large quantities of 4He are the protolith of this unconsolidated aquifer and observed 4Herad values increase linearly with distance along a flow path and with increasing groundwater age. A solute transport model suggests that the aquifer solids are the source of 4Herad as vertical fluid velocities are too great to allow upward diffusion of 4Herad from the underlying shield rocks. The apparent rate of 4Herad release is 130 μcm3 m−3 yr−1 and is 300 times greater than can be supported by the in situ decay of U and Th series nuclides (i.e., the “steady state” approximation). Laboratory release experiments (conducted by sequentially heating the aquifer solids, measuring the amount of 4He released, and then extrapolating release rates to the in situ temperature) agree well with the field results and suggest that diffusion from aquifer solids is the source of 4Herad. The combined laboratory and field release data yield 4He diffusion coefficients that exhibit an Arrhenius temperature dependence that is similar to4Herad diffusion in quartz reported by other researchers. The 4Herad release rate at the Ontario site is extraordinarily similar to sites in Tennessee, Nebraska, and Germany in spite of major hydrogeologic differences. A model of 4He diffusion from spherical grains suggests that aquifer solids derived from old protoliths will release 4He at rates greater than supported by U/Th production for up to 50 million years in fine sands that have typical U/Th concentrations. Both observations and modeling suggest that 4He may be useful as a groundwater dating tool over a range of tens to hundreds of years. The latter is particularly important because no other groundwater dating techniques are accurate for waters ranging from 40 to about 500 years old.
Reservoir compaction and land subsidence

ABSTRACT Subsurface hydrocarbon removal induces a reservoir compaction that migrates to the ground surface and causes the land to subside. While compaction depends primarily on the fluid pore pressure drawdown, the thickness and the mechanical compressibility of the depleted formation, the amount of compaction reaching the surface depends on the depth and size of the producing field and the stiffness of the overburden. This paper presents a list of the most famed sites worldwide that have experienced anthropogenic land subsidence because of underground fluid withdrawal and reviews the basic mechanisms controlling the reservoir compaction and the related ground settlement. Finally, some mathematical models, that can be effectively used to simulate and predict the occurrence, and the most recent techniques for accurately and timely measuring and monitoring the deep compaction and the land surface displacements are described.
Source model for the 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna volcano

Using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) we constrain the deformation sources for the July–August 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna volcano, Italy. InSAR data from ascending and descending passes of the ERS2 satellite reveal a pattern of deformation that cannot be explained by a dike intrusion alone. In addition to a vertical dike beneath the south rift zone, the spatially large (10 km scale, 15–20 cm in range) negative range displacement lobes across the western (descending data) and eastern (ascending data) flanks require a nearly symmetric set of shallowly dipping normal faults to each side of the central dike. Complexity in the observed InSAR surface displacements constrains an additional dike intrusion beneath its NE flank. Long‐term deformation of Etna's eastern and southern flanks is well established through field and InSAR observations. Therefore, the relative symmetry of motion beneath both the western and eastern flanks during the 2001 eruption is surprising. Our model of symmetric flank motion suggests that on the short time scales of a large dike intrusion volcanoes can deform differently from their long‐term deformation.
THE DESIRABLE SMOOTH OPERATOR, INCOMPLETE PASS THROUGH AND THE "ZERO BOUND"

The typical New-Keynesian small-open-economy model has qualitative features and monetary-policy prescriptions similar to their original closed-economy counterparts ? i.e. complete stabilization of domestic inflation is sufficient for optimal policy. We consider a version of the model here where that isomorphism no longer holds and where the zero-interest-rate lower bound matters. Under the commitment benchmark, the optimal interest-rate rule is intrinsically inertial. Under time-consistent policy, it is still optimal to delegate policy to an interest-rate smoothing central banker despite the fact that complete stabilization of domestic inflation is no longer possible. We thus extend the analysis of Woodford (1999) to a nontrivial small open economy setting. Our result is robust to alternative degrees of pass through, the types of shocks impinging the natural rate, and minor departures from optimal pricing behavior.
Enhanced boulder weathering under late‐lying snowpatches

A Schmidt test hammer was employed to assess the aggregate surface hardness of samples of boulders dug out from under late-lying snowpatches at sites in Switzerland, Scotland and Norway. The results were compared with an equivalent set of readings made on boulders at nearby snow-free control sites. The results in every case reveal that the aggregate surface hardness of boulders buried by late-lying snow is significantly less (at the 0·001 level) than that of boulders at the corresponding control sites. This result indicates that late-lying snow significantly enhances rock weathering, probably because boulder and rock surfaces are exposed to prolonged wetting by percolating meltwater under late-lying snowbeds.
Seismic anisotropy beneath the northeastern Caribbean: : implications for the subducting North American lithosphere

Active plate boundaries in the Caribbean form a complex tectonic environment that includes transform and subduction zones. The Caribbean-North American plate boundary is one such active margin, where subduction transitions from arc- to oblique-type off the northeast coast of Puerto Rico. Understanding mantle flow in this region will not only help determine the nature of tectonic activity and mantle dynamics that control these margins, but will also aid our understanding of the fate of subducting lithosphere. The existence of tears, windows, and gaps in subducting slabs has been proposed at various locations around the world but few have been confirmed. Since mantle flow and crustal deformation are believed to produce seismic anisotropy in the asthenosphere and lithosphere, searching for changes in, for example, SKS splitting parameters can help identify locations at which subducting slabs have been disrupted. Several lines of evidence support the notion of a slab tear within the subducting North American plate at this transition zone, including the counter-clockwise rotation of the Puerto Rico microplate over the past ~10 Ma, clusters of small seismic events, and trench collapse initiating ~3.3 m.y. Here we present results from a detailed investigation of seismic anisotropy from 28 stations across six networks in the Northeast Caribbean that support the hypothesis of a significant slab gap in the vicinity of the U.S. and British Virgin islands. A regional synthesis of our results reveals fast shear wave polarizations that are generally oriented parallel to the plate boundary with intermediate to high SH-SV delay times. For example, polarization directions are oriented roughly NE-SW along the bulk of the Lesser Antilles, E-W along the Puerto Rico trench and the northern Lesser Antilles, and NW-SE beneath Hispaniola. Beneath the U.S. and British Virgin Islands, however, the fast polarization direction differs markedly from the regional pattern, becoming almost perpendicular to the plate boundary. Stations on Anegada, British Virgin islands and St. Croix, U.S. Virgin islands show a fast polarization direction that is oriented nearly NNE-SSW and smaller delay times than surrounding stations. These results suggest that mantle flow is redirected NE-SW at this location through a gap in the subducted lithosphere of the North American plate.
Aerosol modelling in MOCAGE and operational dust forecasting at Météo-France

MOCAGE is the multiscale 3D Chemistry-Transport Model of Météo-France. It is run operationally for Air Quality, UV and dust forecasting, daily up to 96h. Meteorological forcings are provided by our NWP suites, ARPEGE and ALADIN. Forecasts are uploaded to the French platform Prév'Air (http://www.prevair.org). MOCAGE is also a research tool, with over 25 publications, and it is used in several European projects, like GEMS or AMMA. Last, a specific version will become operational soon for emergency response in support of our responsibilities of RSMC and VAAC. In operations, three domains (two-ways nesting) are used : globe (2°), Europe (0.5°) and France (0.1°). On the vertical, MOCAGE extends from surface up to 5 hPa (L47) with hybrid coordinates (□-P). A semi-lagrangian scheme is used for advection, while turbulent diffusion and convection are parameterized, using the Louis and Bechtold schemes respectively. The representation of dusts is based upon a sectional approach with 5 bins. Dust emissions are computed using the scheme of Marticorena and Bergametti over Saharan and Chinese deserts. Wet deposition, sedimentation and dry deposition are also taken into account to compute concentrations. Various diagnostics are available daily: mass concentrations on different altitude levels, column, emissions, AOD and separate sink terms. We present an overview of the system and its validation studies.
Ventilation of the North Atlantic and North Pacific: Subduction Versus Obduction

Abstract Ventilation in the North Atlantic and North Pacific is examined by analyzing the Levitus climatological data and the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stress data. Ventilation between the permanent pycnocline and the overlying seasonal pycnocline and mixed layer consists of two physical processes: subduction and obduction. Subduction takes place mainly in the subtropical basin where surface water is irreversibly transferred into the permanent pycnocline below. Obduction takes place in the subpolar basin where water from the permanent pycnocline is irreversibly transferred into the mixed layer above. Veatilation in the North Atlantic and North Pacific can be clarified into four physically different regions: the subductive region, the obductive region, the ambiductive region where both subduction and obduction take place, and the insulated region where neither subduction nor obduction occurs. Although the total subduction rates in these two oceans are comparable, the total obduction rates are considera.
Eigenfactor : Does the Principle of Repeated Improvement Result in Better Journal Impact Estimates than Raw Citation Counts?

Eigenfactor.org, a journal evaluation tool which uses an iterative algorithm to weight citations (similar to the PageRank algorithm used for Google) has been proposed as a more valid method for calculating the impact of journals. The purpose of this brief communication is to investigate whether the principle of repeated improvement provides different rankings of journals than does a simple unweighted citation count (the method used by ISI).
Investigations of potassium, lithium, and sodium emission in the nightglow and OH cross calibration

Sky spectra from the high-resolution echelle spectrometer (HIRES) on the Keck I telescope have been analyzed to obtain information on the potassium, lithium, and sodium resonance line emission in the nightglow. Relative intensity calibration is carried out against OH band intensities, and absolute values are obtained by utilizing new averaged intensities of the OH 9–4 band. The D1 line of potassium, at 7699 A, is shown to be present, as previously speculated by Swider [1987]. Its average intensity is 1.0 R, twice as large as predicted. Any lithium line emission at the resonance wavelengths near 6708 A is obscured by the PP(3) line of the 12-9 emission band of the O2 (b1Σg+−X3Σg−) Atmospheric Band system. However, as that line has an intensity of ∼60 mR, our estimated upper limit on the Li line intensities is ∼15 mR. The intensity that we extract for the Na(D1) line, averaged over 4 years, is 20 R. Although there is no solar scattering contribution to the Na and K data, the Na D2/D1 line intensity ratio is substantially smaller than reported earlier for nightglow conditions. Observing that the Na/K D1 line intensity ratio is an order of magnitude smaller than the typical [Na]/[K] concentration ratio leads to the conclusion that the maximum efficiency for production of mesospheric Na(2P) is 0.1.
The applications of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) as biofertilizers for cold area rice variety JP-5

The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of bacterial inoculation on different growth parameters of rice variety JP 5. A total of 18 bacterial strains were isolated from roots and rhizosphere of rice. Three bacterial strains (Azospirillum brasilense strain R1,Azospirillum lipoferum strain RSWT1 and Pseudomonas strain Ky1) were used to inoculate rice variety JP 5 at two experimental sites in Swat (Agriculture Research Institute (N) Mingora and Udigram). Plant growth promotion was observed in all inoculated treatments, which was evident from increase in number of tillers, straw and grain yields and total weight of the plants. A. brasilense strain R1 was more effective in plant growth promotion than other strains. At ARIN Mingora, Swat, inoculation of rice variety JP 5 withA. brasilense strain R1 showed 19% increase in the straw weight and 39.5% increase in the grain weight. At this experimental site, inoculation with A. lipoferum strain RSWT1 andPseudomonas strain Ky1 increased grain weight by 18. and 13.8% respectively. At Udigram, Swat, any significant beneficial effect of inoculation with A. lipoferum strain RSWT1 and Pseudomonas strain Ky1 was not observed whereas inoculation with A. brasilense strain R1 showed positive results of 15.5 and 27.4% increase over control in straw weight and grain weight, respectively. The study reveals that beneficial strains of PGPR can be used as biofertilizer for rice. Key words: Azospirillum, Pseudomonas, inoculation of rice, effects of inoculation.