Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Traffic Load Allocation for Aloha-Based IoT LEO Constellations

The deployment of satellite networks is key to providing global wireless connectivity for the Internet of Things (IoT). In this line, we consider a cluster of IoT devices served by a constellation of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, while slotted Aloha is used as a medium-access-control (MAC) technique in the uplink. To characterize the channel, we employ an ON–OFF fading channel model that estimates the quality of the links between the cluster of IoT devices and the LEO satellites within the constellation, by taking into account their relative positions. Since each relative position of the constellation with respect to the cluster of IoT devices leads to a different throughput for a given traffic load, we propose a novel traffic load distribution strategy based on successive convex approximation (SCA) to maximize the system throughput. The method adequately allocates the traffic load among the different constellation positions with respect to the IoT cluster. Finally, the results show that the proposed method outperforms other recently proposed strategies based on heuristics for traffic load allocation, while it also achieves a stable nonzero throughput even for large traffic loads.
Nota Zero, e Agora?

Objetivo: Analisar a nota zero dos estudantes de ciências contábeis no ENADE 2018 a partir da literatura sobre a qualidade da educação contábil e o propósito do ENADE. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de arquivo (archival) cujos microdados foram coletados do website do INEP. Ao todo, foram analisadas 52.847 observações por meio de análise descritiva e modelos de regressão binária. Resultados: Há uma micro parcela de estudantes que zerou tanto a prova de formação geral (FG) como a de componente específico (CE). A razão destas notas zeros é a entrega do exame em branco. Apesar disso, quando as provas do exame foram exploradas separadamente, verificou-se que as notas zeradas se tornaram mais representativas, com forte concentração nas questões discursivas. Isso sustenta que existe uma necessidade maior de motivar os alunos a quererem resolver exercícios de contabilidade do tipo discursivo. Por outro lado, menor quantidade de notas zero foi observada para as questões objetivas. Isso pode estar associado ao costume de realizar provas em que a objetividade é característica predominante. Constatou-se, também, que o sexo, a idade, a modalidade de ensino e a região do curso são relevantes para explicar a chance de obtenção de nota zero. Contribuições: O estudo traz lições educacionais a partir da nota zero, especialmente em relação as suas motivações e variáveis que podem aumentar ou reduzir a sua chance de ocorrência. Da mesma forma, traz reflexões críticas acerca da importância do ENADE e como motivar os alunos a fazê-lo, incluindo o debate de implicações regulatórias.
An Augmented Model of Rutting Data Based on Radial Basis Neural Network

The rutting depth is an important index to evaluate the damage degree of the pavement. Therefore, establishing an accurate rutting depth prediction model can guide pavement design and provide the necessary basis for pavement maintenance. However, the sample size of pavement rutting depth data is small, and the sampling is not standardized, which makes it hard to establish a prediction model with high accuracy. Based on the data of RIOHTrack’s asphalt pavement structure, this study builds a reliable data-augmented model. In this paper, different asphalt rutting data augmented models based on Gaussian radial basis neural networks are constructed with the temperature and loading of asphalt pavements as the main features. Experimental results show that the method outperforms classical machine learning methods in data augmentation, with an average root mean square error of 3.95 and an average R-square of 0.957. Finally, the augmented data of rutting depth is constructed for training, and multiple neural network models are used for prediction. Compared with unaugmented data, the prediction accuracy is increased by 50%.
Understanding movements of organisms: it's time to abandon the Lévy foraging hypothesis

Interest in Lévy walks within the context of movement of organisms has recently soared, with some now referring to this approach as the Lévy walk/flight paradigm. The principal assumptions, taken from the world of physics, have been that organisms searching for food or some other resource adopt random walks, whereby the direction of each successive step in the walk is chosen at random from the complete circle and the length of each step, unless terminated through resource encounter, is chosen from a Lévy probability distribution with a particular exponent μ. The additional assumption that organisms forage optimally, such that μ maximizes the rate of resource encounter, has led to the so‐called Lévy foraging hypothesis, with many attempts to test it. However, the Lévy walk model is unrealistic, especially as it omits directionality between successive steps, a typical feature of movements of individual organisms at spatial scales relevant to their movement decisions. It also results in lower foraging efficiency than other more realistic models and the evidence that organisms actually ‘do the Lévy walk’ is weak to non‐existent, despite claims to the contrary. Early optimal foraging studies of movements of organisms and a new generation of movement models avoid these problems. It is therefore time to divorce the Lévy walk model from optimal foraging theory, revisit some of the early optimal foraging studies of movements and pursue the new generation of movement models. However, the Lévy approach may still prove useful at relatively large spatial scales, in terms of both theory and observations, especially in relation to distribution, dispersal and other population‐level phenomena, and in this way biology, physics and mathematics may yet work well together.
Novel Energy Management Control Strategy for Improving Efficiency in Hybrid Powertrains

Energy management in electrified vehicles is critical and directly impacts the global operating efficiency, durability, driveability, and safety of the vehicle powertrain. Given the multitude of components of these powertrains, the complexity of the proper control is significantly higher than the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). Hence, several control algorithms and numerical methods have been developed and implemented in order to optimize the operation of the hybrid powertrain while complying with the required boundary conditions. In this work, a model-based method is used for predicting the impacts of a set of possible control actions, choosing the one minimizing the associated costs. In particular, the energy management technique used in the present study is the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). The novelty of this work consists of taking into account the thermal state of the ICE for optimization. This feature was implemented by means of an extensive experimental campaign at different coolant temperatures of the ICE to calibrate the additional fuel consumption due to operating the engine outside of its optimum temperature. The results showed significant gains in both WLTC and RDE cycles.
Features Of Spatial Representations In Preschool Children With General Speech Underdevelopment

The paper presents the results of the research of the state of spatial representations in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment (GSU) and proposes the approach to the directions of correctional work based on innovative methods. Firstly, the relevance of this study is in the fact that understanding of spatial relationships and connections is an important component of the mental development of children. Secondly, children with general underdevelopment of speech often experience difficulties in mastering space. Thirdly, correctional and speech therapy work on the formation of spatial representations in children with GSU is one of the aspects of the prevention of specific manifestations of dyslexia, dysgraphia, etc. at school age. Finally, this topic is relevant due to the lack of attention to this issue. The paper defines the stages of the study of the features of spatial functions in elder preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment: 1) preliminary stage – the choice of the experimental group and examination methods and preparation of material; 2) the main stage – experimental study of the state of spatial representations in preschoolers with general speech underdevelopment, processing of the obtained data; 3) planning directions of correctional work with children in accordance with innovative forms of work in
High bandwidth InAlAs/InGaAs PIN-HBT monolithically integrated photoreceiver

A monolithically integrated photoreceiver using an InAlAs/InGaAs HBT-based transimpedance amplifier has been fabricated and characterized. The p-i-n photodiode is implemented using the base-collector junction of the HBT. The 5 /spl mu/m/spl times/5 /spl mu/m emitter area transistors have self-aligned base metal and nonalloyed Ti/Pt/Au contacts. Discrete transistors demonstrated f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ of 54 GHz and 51 GHz, respectively. The amplifier demonstrated an effective transimpedance bandwidth of 10 GHz and a gain of 40 dB/spl Omega/. The integrated photoreceiver with a 10 /spl mu/m/spl times/10 /spl mu/m p-i-n photodiode showed a -3 dB bandwidth of 7.1 GHz. <<ETX>>
Far sidelobes measurement of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) is a 6m telescope designed to map the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) simultaneously at 145GHz, 220 GHz and 280 GHz. Its off-axis Gregorian design is intended to minimize and control the off-axis sidelobe response, which is critical for scientific purposes. The expected sidelobe level for this kind of design is less than -50 dB and can be challenging to measure. Here we present a measurement of the 145GHz far sidelobes of ACT done on the near-field of the telescope. We used a 1mW microwave source placed 13 meters away from the telescope and a chopper wheel to produce a varying signal that could be detected by the camera for different orientations of the telescope. The source feed was designed to produce a wide beam profile. Given that the coupling is expected to be dominated by diffraction over the telescope shielding structure, when combined with a measurements of the main beam far field response, these measurement can be used to validate elements of optical design and constrain the level of spurious coupling at large angles. Our results show that the diffractive coupling beyond the ground screen is consistently below -75 dB, satisfying the design expectations.
Superposition principles associated with the Moutard transformation: an integrable discretization of a (2+1)–dimensional sine–Gordon system

Superposition principles, both linear and nonlinear, associated with the Moutard transformation are found. On suitable reinterpretation, these constitute an integrable discrete nonlinear system and its associated linear system. Further, it is shown that, in a particular form, this system is an integrable discretization of a (2+1)–dimensional sine–Gordon system. Solutions of the discrete nonlinear system are constructed by means of a discrete analogue of the Moutard transformation. Included in these solutions are discrete analogues of the kink solutions of the continuous system.
Anticyclone Eddies Favor the Genesis of Off‐Season Tropical Cyclone in the Western North Pacific

Mesoscale ocean eddies, which typically exhibit different heat and atmospheric conditions to their surroundings, significantly affect the path and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs). By analyzing 27 years (1993–2019) of eddy and TC data, here we show that mesoscale eddies also play non‐negligible roles in the genesis of TCs (TCG). During the TC off‐season months of December to May, TCs generating over anticyclone eddies (AEs) clearly outnumber those over cyclone eddies (CEs) (14 vs. 6) in the western North Pacific, and featuring a further north location. Composite analysis also exhibits a higher genesis potential index ( GPIocean ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{I}}_{\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}$ ) in AEs than that in CEs, indicative of a higher TCG probability over AEs especially under a relatively cooler oceanic background, which is mainly attributed to the eddy‐associated warming in the upper ocean. These results motivate future studies on better forecasting regional TC activities by considering the impacts of ocean eddies in air‐sea models.
Deep Learning Methods for Space Situational Awareness in Mega-Constellations Satellite-Based Internet of Things Networks

Artificial Intelligence of things (AIoT) is the combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure. AI deals with the devices’ learning process to acquire knowledge from data and experience, while IoT concerns devices interacting with each other using the Internet. AIoT has been proven to be a very effective paradigm for several existing applications as well as for new areas, especially in the field of satellite communication systems with mega-constellations. When AIoT meets space communications efficiently, we have interesting uses of AI for Satellite IoT (SIoT). In fact, the number of space debris is continuously increasing as well as the risk of space collisions, and this poses a significant threat to the sustainability and safety of space operations that must be carefully and efficiently addressed to avoid critical damage to the SIoT networks. This paper aims to provide a systematic survey of the state of the art, challenges, and perspectives on the use of deep learning methods for space situational awareness (SSA) object detection and classification. The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows: (i) we outline using AI algorithms, and in particular, deep learning (DL) methods, the possibility of identifying the nature/type of spatial objects by processing signals from radars; (ii) we present a comprehensive taxonomy of DL-based methods applied to SSA object detection and classification, as well as their characteristics, and implementation issues.
Design criteria for model discrimination in factorial experiments with potential failing runs

In this study, we considered the problem of design for model discrimination in factorial experiments, while there is potential to miss runs. Under such a situation, we questioned the reliability of the superior selected design based on the existing design criteria for model discrimination. In other words, any selected design may miss its efficiency in discriminating between models in the presence of failing runs. To this end, we assumed the missing probability of the runs based on some available information parameters and developed a new design criterion for model discrimination. The proposed Bayesian criterion makes allowance for counting the missing probabilities of runs. The Bayesian framework also takes into account the intercorrelation between the factorial effects. The numerical examples demonstrate the superiority of the obtained criterion to the existing ones in differentiating the rival design for model discrimination. We also considered the problem of design robustness to missing observations and suggested a ratio criterion for selecting the robust design. It was found that a robust design is not necessarily the most efficient in model discrimination and vice versa. Moreover, we also pointed to the estimation efficiency of the designs and gave a compound dual‐task design criterion.
Drying Kinetic of Jaboticaba Berries and Natural Fermentation for Anthocyanin-Rich Fruit Vinegar

This study aimed to determine the drying kinetic of jaboticaba berries that were then used for the fermentation of natural fruit vinegar. The drying behavior was fitted well to the thin-layer kinetic model of Midilli et al. in a vacuum oven at 40 °C. Moisture diffusion was the dominant mechanism because two falling rate periods were observed. The effective moisture diffusivity was decreased (2.52 × 10−10 m2/s) after being pretreated with 70% sugar (1.84 × 10−10 m2/s) and 10% salt (6.73 × 10−11 m2/s) solutions. Fresh berry vinegar was found to have higher flavonoids, including anthocyanins, to exhibit higher antiradical and anti-pathogenic microorganism activities. However, the phenolic content in dried berries vinegar was higher, mainly from the bond breaking of tannins and lignins from fruit peel. Some extent of oxidation occurred because of the change in the color index of vinegar samples. The acidity of both vinegars was 3% acetic acid. Headspace GC-MS also detected acetic acid as the major compound (>60%) in the vapor of vinegar samples. A wide range of non-volatile compounds composed of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, and sugar derivatives was detected by UHPLC-TWIMS-QTOFMS. The peak intensity of anthocyanins was reduced by 28–77% in dried berry vinegar. Therefore, it is better to prepare natural fruit vinegar using fresh berries, preserving anthocyanins for high antioxidant capacity.
Fabrication of vanadium dioxide thin films and application of its thermochromic and photochromic nature in self-cleaning: A review

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) and many binary compounds of vanadium can transform from a semiconducting state to a metallic state under the influence of temperature or light. The transformation is triggered by modifications in the oxide's crystalline structure, often initiated by changes in its light-sensing and electrical attributes. This ability makes them suitable for smart coatings, electronic switches, self-cleaning surfaces, window glass, and many more. These potential applications have prompted tremendous interest in VO2thin films, focusing on their fabrication and application. This article reviews current fabrication methods for VO2thin films, the potential application of their thermochromic and photochromic properties in self-cleaning coatings, the challenges facing their application, and some remedies devised to address the challenges. The various challenges facing its different synthesis and fabrication methods are also highlighted. First, the different transitional phases of VO2and routes to transform from one stage to the other are presented.
Evaluating DNA Mixtures with Contributors from Different Populations Using Probabilistic Genotyping

It is common practice to evaluate DNA profiling evidence with likelihood ratios using allele frequency estimates from a relevant population. When multiple populations may be relevant, a choice has to be made. For two-person mixtures without dropout, it has been reported that conservative estimates can be obtained by using the Person of Interest’s population with a θ value of 3%. More accurate estimates can be obtained by explicitly modelling different populations. One option is to present a minimum likelihood ratio across populations; another is to present a stratified likelihood ratio that incorporates a weighted average of likelihoods across multiple populations. For high template single source profiles, any difference between the methods is immaterial as far as conclusions are concerned. We revisit this issue in the context of potentially low-level and mixed samples where the contributors may originate from different populations and study likelihood ratio behaviour. We first present a method for evaluating DNA profiling evidence using probabilistic genotyping when the contributors may originate from different ethnic groups. In this method, likelihoods are weighted across a prior distribution that assigns sample donors to ethnic groups. The prior distribution can be constrained such that all sample donors are from the same ethnic group, or all permutations can be considered. A simulation study is used to determine the effect of either assumption on the likelihood ratio. The likelihood ratios are also compared to the minimum likelihood ratio across populations. We demonstrate that the common practise of taking a minimum likelihood ratio across populations is not always conservative when FST=0. Population stratification methods may also be non-conservative in some cases. When FST>0 is used in the likelihood ratio calculations, as is recommended, all compared approaches become conservative on average to varying degrees.
Novel T lymphocyte proliferation assessment using whole mouse cryo-imaging

New imaging technologies enable one to assess T-cell proliferation, an important feature of the immunological response. However, none of the traditional imaging modalities allow one to examine quantiatively T-cell function with microscopic resolution and single cell sensitivity over an entire mouse. To address this need, we established T-cells proliferation assays using 3D microscopic cryo-imaging. Assays include: (1) biodistribution of T-cells, (2) secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) volume measurement, (3) carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution per cell as cells divide. To demonstrate the application, a graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) model was used. 3D visualization show that T-cells specifically homed to the SLOs (spleen and lymph nodes) as well as GVHD target organs (such as GI-tract, liver, skin and thymus). The spleen was chosen as representative of the SLOs. For spleen size analysis, volumes of red and white pulp were measured. Spleen volumes of the allogeneic mice (with GVHD) were significantly larger than those of the syngeneic mice (without GVHD) at 72 to 120 hours post-transplant. For CFSE dilution approach, we employed color-coded volume rendering and probability density function (PDF) of single cell intensity to assess T-cell proliferation in the spleen. As compared to syngeneic T-cells, the allogeneic T-cells quickly aggregated in the spleen as indicated by increasing of CFSE signal over the first 48 hours. Then they rapidly proliferated as evidenced by reduced CFSE intensity (at 48-96 hours). Results suggest that assays can be used to study GVHD treatments using T-cell proliferation and biodistibution as assays. In summary, this is the first time that we are able to track and visualize T-cells in whole mouse with single cell sensitivity. We believe that our technique can be an alternative choice to traditional in vitro immunological proliferation assays by providing assessment of proliferation in an in vivo model.
Focusing by a single lens based on an optically thinner medium

This paper investigates the focusing properties by a single lens, based on the optically thinner medium (OTM). The lens model is of a plano-concave shape, made from the OTM with a refractive index of 0.5 at the wavelength λ=6.328e-4mm, named the plano-concave OTM thick lens. Any geometrical approximation is not included in the deducing process, which ensures that the full geometrical aberrations are included. The intensity distribution, in its focal region, can be calculated by the Huygens-Fresnel integral formula, using the phase and intensity distributions on the reference plane. The on-axis intensity distribution in the focal region of the plano-convex optically denser medium (ODM) thick lens is given correctly. The intensity distribution in the focal region of the plano-concave OTM thick lens is plotted in two dimensions, no symmetry about the focal plane. The plano-concave OTM thick lens has smaller on-axis spherical aberration than the plano-convex ODM thick lens has, when they have the same aperture radius, equal curvature radius (not including the sign), and equal medium index difference quantity (not including the sign also) from the environmental medium air. The radial resolution, around the near end peak in the focal region of the plano-concave OTM thick lens with its total spherical aberration, breaks down the traditional diffraction limit. Therefore the planoconcave OTM thick lens will exhibit its practical super resolution abilities, if the diffraction focused spot can be filtered off, or further more if the energy outside the near end peak can be moved into it.