Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Carbon Taxes More Eﬃcient in Industrializing Countries? Comparing China and India to the United States

Conventional wisdom holds that, without considering environmental beneﬁts, a carbon tax would reduce welfare. As a result, industrializing countries have entered climate change negotiations with demands for special treatment. We re-examine this conclusion by demonstrating how three factors explored in the prior literature can combine to reduce the welfare cost of a revenue-neutral carbon tax. Incorporating informal production, untaxed Ricardian rents, and tax evasion, we conduct a series of numerical simulations for developing countries, represented by China and India, and OECD ones, represented by the U.S. We ﬁnd that overall eﬃciency costs are negative in all three countries for a signiﬁcant range of reductions: employing a carbon tax is in fact cheaper than existing tax policy. Moreover, in the industrializing countries, with higher levels of these three factors, the costs of carbon tax policy are lower than those in the U.S. We believe our results extend to the tax systems in many developing economies.
Journal Pre-proof Enhancing interaction of actin and actin-binding domain 1 of dystrophin with modulators: toward improved gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease, caused by mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, an actin-binding cytoskeletal protein. Absence of functional dystrophin results in muscle weakness and degeneration, eventually leading to cardiac and respiratory failure. Strategies to replace the missing dystrophin via gene therapy have been intensively pursued. However, the dystrophin gene is too large for current gene therapy approaches. Currently available micro-dystrophin constructs lack the actin-binding domain 2 and show decreased actin-binding affinity in vitro compared to full- length dystrophin. Thus increasing the actin-binding affinity of micro-dystrophin, using small molecules, could be a beneficial therapeutic approach. Here we have developed and validated a novel high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to discover small molecules that increase the binding affinity of dystrophin’s actin-binding domain1 (ABD1). We engineered a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor, consisting of the mClover3, fluorescent protein (donor) attached to the C- terminus of dystrophin ABD1, and Alexa Fluor 568 (acceptor) attached to the C-terminal cysteine of actin. We used this biosensor in small-molecule screening, using a unique high-precision, high-throughput screening (HTS) fluorescence lifetime assay, identifying several compounds from a FDA-approved library that significantly increase the binding between actin and ABD1. This HTS assay establishes feasibility for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of the actin-dystrophin interaction, with the ultimate goal of developing therapies for muscular dystrophy. 0.5 DTT. hDYS-ABD1 compound to the sensitivity of the cosedimentation assay. incubated 30 centrifuged 50K for 30 fraction of ABD1 actin quantified using SDS- and Coomassie blue staining Compound effect on ABD1 aggregation measured using a control sample lacked actin. simple linear single hyperbolic model, the maximum bound
Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults—A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations

Since the workplace has become desk-based and leisure time has become dominated by digital relaxation modes, the world is moving at a pace where physical activity has become a time-bound routine. The negative effects of extended sitting are a global concern since the workforce is becoming more desk based. There is a dearth of reviews that may link the knowledge on the effects of sedentary behaviour on hypertension and its accompanying damage to the brain and blood vessels and provide a future scope for the investigations connected to the relationship between sedentary behaviour and hypertension. Methods: Based on the database search and extensive research we did, we found studies that concentrated on the adverse effects of sedentary behaviour in association with blood pressure, cognitive decline and brain damage on adults. Results: We extracted 12 articles out of 20,625. We identified the potential adverse effects of sedentary behaviour, methods to reduce sedentary behaviour and the positive changes on health due to the interventions introduced. Sedentary lifestyle has shown a decline in human health. However, the visible symptoms presented later in life makes it very important to know the areas of decline and look for ways to curb the decline or procrastinate it.
MULTILEVEL BLOCKING APPROACH TO THE FERMION SIGN PROBLEM IN PATH-INTEGRAL MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS

A general algorithm toward the solution of the fermion sign problem in finite-temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations has been formulated for discretized fermion path integrals with nearest-neighbor interactions in the Trotter direction. This multilevel approach systematically implements a simple blocking strategy in a recursive manner to synthesize the sign cancellations among different fermionic paths throughout the whole configuration space. The practical usefulness of the method is demonstrated for interacting electrons in a quantum dot.
Impact of Subsyndromal Delirium Occurrence and Its Trajectory during ICU Stay

Despite recent advances in the field, the association between subsyndromal delirium (SSD) in the ICU and poor outcomes is not entirely clear. We performed a retrospective multicentric observational study analyzing mental status during the first 72 h of ICU stay. Of the 681 patients included, SSD occurred in 22.7%. Considering the worst cognitive assessment during the first 72 h, 233 (34%) patients had normal mental status, 124 (18%) patients had SSD and 324 (48%) patients had delirium or coma. SSD was not independently associated with an increased risk of death when compared with normal mental status (OR 95%IC 1.0 vs. 1.35 [0.73–1.49], p = 0.340), but was associated with a longer ICU LOS (7.0 (4–12) vs. 4 (3–8) days, p < 0.001). SSD patients who deteriorated to delirium or coma (21%) had a longer ICU LOS in comparison with those who improved or maintained mental status (8 (5–11) vs. 6 (4–8) days, p = 0.025), but did not have an increase in mortality. The main factors associated with the progression from SSD to delirium or coma were the use of mechanical ventilation, the use of intravenous benzodiazepines and a baseline APACHE II score > 23 points. Our findings support the association of SSD with increased ICU LOS, but not with ICU mortality. Monitoring the trajectory of SSD early at ICU admission can help to identify patients with increased risk of conversion from SSD to delirium or coma.
5 Micron Photometry of Late-Type Dwarfs

We present narrowband M photometry of nine low-mass dwarfs with spectral types ranging from M2.5 to L0.5. Combining the (L′-M′) colors derived from our observations with data from the literature, we find colors consistent with a Rayleigh-Jeans flux distribution for spectral types earlier than M5, but enhanced F3.8/F4.7 flux ratios (negative [L′-M′] colors) at later spectral types. This probably reflects increased absorption at M′ due to the CO fundamental band. We compare our results against recent model predictions and briefly discuss the implications.
Zoom-In Neural Network Deep-Learning Model for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessments

Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to generate predictive patterns from medical and diagnostic data. This paper presents an approach for assessing persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared with normal control (NC) persons, using the zoom-in neural network (ZNN) deep-learning algorithm. ZNN stacks a set of zoom-in learning units (ZLUs) in a feedforward hierarchy without backpropagation. The resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) dataset for AD assessments was obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL-90) atlas, which provides 90 neuroanatomical functional regions, was used to assess and detect the implicated regions in the course of AD. The features of the ZNN are extracted from the 140-time series rs-fMRI voxel values in a region of the brain. ZNN yields the three classification accuracies of AD versus MCI and NC, NC versus AD and MCI, and MCI versus AD and NC of 97.7%, 84.8%, and 72.7%, respectively, with the seven discriminative regions of interest (ROIs) in the AAL-90.
Detectability of gravitational waves from the coalescence of massive primordial black holes with initial clustering

We show that the effect of initial non-Gaussian clustering can significantly enhance the event rate for primordial black hole (PBH) coalescence. The impact of such clustering is studied in a specific scenario of multi-stream inflation. Initial clustering enables the possibility of detecting massive PBH coalescence by space-based gravitational wave interferometers such as LISA and DECIGO/BBO. The parameter regime for the ground-based detectors to detect PBH coalescence is also extended.
Spectral classification of galaxies: An Orthogonal approach

Classification of galaxy spectral energy distributions in terms of orthogonal basis functions provides an objective means of estimating the number of significant spectral components that comprise a particular galaxy type. We apply the Karhunen-Lo\`{e}ve transform to derive a spectral eigensystem from a sample of ten galaxy spectral energy distributions. These spectra cover a wavelength range of 1200 \AA\ to 1 $\mu$m and galaxy morphologies from elliptical to starburst. We find that the distribution of spectral types can be fully described by the first two eigenvectors (or eigenspectra). The derived eigenbasis is affected by the normalization of the original spectral energy distributions. We investigate different normalization and weighting schemes, including weighting to the same bolometric magnitude and weighting by the observed distribution of morphological types. Projecting the spectral energy distributions on to their eigenspectra we find that the coefficients define a simple spectral classification scheme. The galaxy spectral types can then be described in terms of a one parameter family (the angle in the plane of the first two eigenvectors). We find a strong correlation in the mean between our spectral classifications and those determined from published morphological classifications.
Coherent Multi-Transducer Ultrasound Imaging

This work extends the effective aperture size by coherently compounding the received radio frequency data from multiple transducers. As a result, it is possible to obtain an improved image, with enhanced resolution, an extended field of view (FoV), and high-acquisition frame rates. A framework is developed in which an ultrasound imaging system consisting of $N$ synchronized matrix arrays, each with partly shared FoV, take turns to transmit plane waves (PWs). Only one individual transducer transmits at each time while all $N$ transducers simultaneously receive. The subwavelength localization accuracy required to combine information from multiple transducers is achieved without the use of any external tracking device. The method developed in this study is based on the study of the backscattered echoes received by the same transducer and resulting from a targeted scatterer point in the medium insonated by the multiple ultrasound probes of the system. The current transducer locations along with the speed of sound in the medium are deduced by optimizing the cross correlation between these echoes. The method is demonstrated experimentally in 2-D for two linear arrays using point targets and anechoic lesion phantoms. The first demonstration of a free-hand experiment is also shown. Results demonstrate that the coherent multi-transducer ultrasound imaging method has the potential to improve ultrasound image quality, improving resolution, and target detectability. Compared with coherent PW compounding using a single probe, lateral resolution improved from 1.56 to 0.71 mm in the coherent multi-transducer imaging method without acquisition frame rate sacrifice (acquisition frame rate 5350 Hz).
Journal Pre-proof TWIK-related acid-sensitive K+ channel 2 promotes renal fibrosis by inducing cell cycle arrest

TWIK-related acid-sensitive K + channel-2 (TASK-2, encoded by Kcnk5 ) is essential in cell biological processes, by regulating transmembrane K + balance. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the role of TASK-2 in renal fibrosis and to explore the underlying mechanism. We found that TASK-2 level was elevated in renal tubular of UUO- and IRI-induced renal fibrosis as well as in patients with renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Knockout of Kcnk5 or inhibition of TASK-2 in renal tubules attenuated G2/M cell cycle arrest and alleviated renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) reduced N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) of Kcnk5 mRNA following renal fibrosis. FTO deficiency attenuated upregulation of TASK-2 and renal fibrosis. The results demonstrated the crucial role of TASK-2 in renal fibrosis, which is conducive to better understanding the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. TASK-2 may be a potential treatment strategy to alleviate the development of renal fibrosis. TASK-2 the cell of TASK-2 the 3− the TASK-2 gene of 3− 16 . These findings We of The results showed that progress of renal diseases remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found identified upregulated TASK-2 expression in renal fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro . Moreover, we found that TGF-β treatment increased intracellular pH, decreased extracellular pH and intracellular K + concentration (Figure 4). This agrees with a previous study reporting that TGF-β treatment elevated intracellular pH, increased net acid extrusion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells 39 . These results indicate that TASK-2 activation is recombination system to generate tubule-specific Kcnk5 -deletion ( Kcnk5 flox/flox / Cdh16 cre ) mice USA). Mice maintained on the C57BL/6 background with the Kcnk5 -floxed allele were crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the cadherin 16 promoter ( Cdh16 Cre ). PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot 5'-AATGATCTACTCAGGTCCACACAG-3', 212-bp product in the floxed allele and a 167-bp product in the WT allele. The Cdh16 -Cre transgene was detected using the primers 5'- GCAGATCTGGCTCTCCAAAG-3' and 5'- AGGCAAATTTTGGTGTACGG-3', which amplified a 420-bp fragment. C57BL/6 wide-type (WT) mice, floxed without Cdh16 -Cre ( Kcnk5 flox/flox ) mice, served as the control group.
Risks of seasonal extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under 1.5 and 2.0 °C warmer worlds – how anthropogenic aerosols change the story

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is likely to increase the risk (probability of occurrence of a hazard) of extreme weather events in the future. Previous studies have robustly shown how and where climate change has already changed the risks of weather extremes. However, developing countries have been somewhat underrepresented in these studies, despite high vulnerability and limited capacities to adapt. How additional global warming would affect the future risks of extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh needs to be addressed to limit adverse impacts. Our study focuses on understanding and quantifying the relative risks of extreme rainfall events in Bangladesh under the Paris Agreement temperature goals of 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C warming above pre-industrial levels. In particular, we investigate the influence of anthropogenic aerosols on these risks given their likely future reduction and resulting amplification of global warming. Using large ensemble regional climate model simulations from weather@home under different forcing scenarios, we compare the risks of rainfall events under pre-industrial (natural; NAT), current (actual; ACT), 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C warmer, and greenhouse gas (GHG)-only (with pre-industrial levels of anthropogenic aerosols) conditions. Both GHGs and anthropogenic aerosols have an impact on seasonal mean rainfall over this region. In general, higher global mean temperature levels lead to higher rainfall and higher aerosol concentrations to lower rainfall, however the relative importance of the two factors varies between the regions. For extreme rainfall events, we find that the risk of a 1 in 100 year rainfall episode has already increased significantly compared with pre- industrial levels across parts of Bangladesh, with additional increases likely for 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C warming. Climate change impacts on the probabilities of extreme rainfall episodes are found during both pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Results show that reduction in anthropogenic aerosols will exacerbate the effects of GHG-induced warming and thereby increasing the rainfall intensity, which has otherwise attenuated the impacts. We highlight that the net aerosol effect varies from region to region within Bangladesh, which leads to different outcomes of aerosol reduction on extreme rainfall statistics and must therefore be considered in future risk assessments. While there is a substantial reduction in risk at 1.5 ∘C warming when compared to 2 ∘C warming, the difference is spatially and temporally variable too, specifically with respect to seasonal extreme rainfall events.
IceCube flavor ratios with identified astrophysical sources: towards improving new physics testability

Motivated by the discovery of the first high-energy astrophysical neutrino source, the blazar TXS 0506+056, we revisit the IceCube flavor ratio analysis. Assuming large statistics from identified blazars, collected in the forthcoming years by the IceCube detector and its successor IceCube-Gen2, we demonstrate that the constraints on several new physics scenarios in which the baseline dependent terms in neutrino oscillation probabilities are not averaged, can be improved. As a representative case, we consider pseudo-Dirac neutrinos while neutrino decay is also discussed.
A Solution to the cosmological constant problem

We argue that, when coupled to Einstein's theory of gravity, the Yukawa theory may solve the cosmological constant problem in the following sense: The radiative corrections of fermions generate an effective potential for the scalar field, such that the effective cosmological term Lambda_eff is dynamically driven to zero. Thence, for any initial positive cosmological constant Lambda_0, Lambda_eff = 0 is an attractor of the semiclassical Einstein theory coupled to fermionic and scalar matter fields. When the initial cosmological term is negative, Lambda_eff=Lambda_0 does not change. Next we argue that the dark energy of the Universe may be explained by a GUT scale fermion with a mass, m = 4.3 * 10^15 (Lambda_0/10^13GeV)^(1/2) GeV. Finally, we comment on how the inflationary paradigm, BEH mechanism and phase transitions in the early Universe get modified in the light of our findings.
Equation of State of Supernova Matter

We have calculated the equation of state of the supernova matter for various values of lepton fraction Y L and entropy per nucleon s by using the finite temperature Thomas-Fermi model of nuclei. The pressure is dominated by degenerate pressure of leptons and the adiabatic index r stays around 4/3. However, r decreases by the effect of the nuclear force at the very high density region. Although the nuclei melt at rather low density, about 10 13·9 gcm- S in this calculation, the comparison with a Hartree-Fock calculation reveals that the further investigation should be done to clarify the phase transition from nuclear phase of nucleon to homogeneous phase.
On Shell Renormalization Scheme from the Loopwise Expansion of the Pole Mass

We introduce an on shell renormalization scheme in which the mass parameter of minimal MS scheme is replaced with the pole mass obtained from the loop order expansion of the pole mass in the MS scheme. As a consequence, the quartic coupling constant remains same as that of the MS scheme and the vacuum expectation value gets contributions from the one-particle-irreducible diagrams. We also show the renormalization group invariance of the pole mass in this scheme.
Where the Solar system meets the solar neighbourhood: patterns in the distribution of radiants of observed hyperbolic minor bodies

Observed hyperbolic minor bodies might have an interstellar origin, but they can be natives of the Solar system as well. Fly-bys with the known planets or the Sun may result in the hyperbolic ejection of an originally bound minor body; in addition, members of the Oort cloud could be forced to follow inbound hyperbolic paths as a result of secular perturbations induced by the Galactic disc or, less frequently, due to impulsive interactions with passing stars. These four processes must leave distinctive signatures in the distribution of radiants of observed hyperbolic objects, both in terms of coordinates and velocity. Here, we perform a systematic numerical exploration of the past orbital evolution of known hyperbolic minor bodies using a full N-body approach and statistical analyses to study their radiants. Our results confirm the theoretical expectations that strong anisotropies are present in the data. We also identify a statistically significant overdensity of high-speed radiants towards the constellation of Gemini that could be due to the closest and most recent known fly-by of a star to the Solar system, that of the so-called Scholz's star. In addition to and besides 1I/2017 U1 (`Oumuamua), we single out eight candidate interstellar comets based on their radiants' velocities.
Dungeons and Dragons: Combinatorics for the Quiver

Abstract. In this paper, we utilize the machinery of cluster algebras, quiver mutations, and brane tilings to study a variety of historical enumerative combinatorics questions all under one roof. Previous work (Zhang in Cluster variables and perfect matchings of subgraphs of the dP3 lattice, http://www.math.umn.edu/∼reiner/REU/Zhang2012. pdf. arXiv:1511.0655, 2012; Leoni et al. in J Phys A Math Theor 47:474011, 2014), which arose during the second author’s mentoriship of undergraduates, and more recently of both authors (Lai and Musiker in Commun Math Phys 356(3):823–881, 2017), analyzed the cluster algebra associated with the cone over dP3, the del Pezzo surface of degree 6 (CP 2 blown up at three points). By investigating sequences of toric mutations, those occurring only at vertices with two incoming and two outgoing arrows, in this cluster algebra, we obtained a family of cluster variables that could be parameterized by Z and whose Laurent expansions had elegant combinatorial interpretations in terms of dimer partition functions (in most cases). While the earlier work (Lai and Musiker 2017; Zhang 2012; Leoni et al. 2014) focused exclusively on one possible initial seed for this cluster algebra, there are in total four relevant initial seeds (up to graph isomorphism). In the current work, we explore the combinatorics of the Laurent expansions from these other initial seeds and how this allows us to relate enumerations of perfect matchings on Dungeons to Dragons.
Molecular dynamics investigation of dislocation pinning by a nanovoid in copper

The interaction between an edge dislocation and a void in copper is investigated by means of a molecular dynamics simulation. The depinning stresses of the leading partial and of the trailing partial show qualitatively different behaviors. The depinning stress of the trailing partial increases logarithmically with the void radius, while that of the leading partial behaves in a different manner due to the interaction between two partials. The pinning angle, which characterizes the obstacle strength, approaches zero when the void radius exceeds 3 nm. No temperature dependence is found in the critical stress and the critical angle. This is attributed to an absence of climb motion. It is also found that the distance between the void center and a glide plane asymmetrically affects the pinning strength.