Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Characteristics of Sub-Terahertz and Terahertz Oscillations of Resonant Tunneling Diodes Integrated with Slot Antennas

Experimental and theoretical characteristics of sub-terahertz and terahertz oscillations in resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) integrated with slot antennas are reported. In the experiments, oscillations up to 0.6 THz were obtained in GaInAs/AlAs double-barrier RTDs. The oscillation characteristics were theoretically analyzed for the total device structure including RTD and slot antenna. The equivalent circuit with all parasitic elements was taken into account for the RTD, and the actual structure of the antenna was analyzed using a three-dimensional electromagnetic simulator. The theoretical analysis was in good agreement with the measurements of oscillation frequency and output power. It was shown from the theoretical results that the RTD itself has the potential to oscillate up to 3.0 THz, and that the RTD oscillator with slot antenna is able to oscillate up to 2.8 THz if the device structure is optimized. The output power analysis showed that 90 µW at 1 THz is possible by optimizing the device structure.
On the weaker forms of the specification property and their applications

We show the following two results, which are derived from the weaker forms of the specification property: Firstly, if an automorphism of a compact metric abelian group with finite topological entropy is ergodic under the Haar measure, then it satisfies the level 2 large deviation principle. Secondly, the topological pressure formula for periodic orbits is given under the expansiveness and the almost product property.
Suppression of Rotating Stall by Wall Roughness Control in Vaneless Diffusers of Centrifugal Blowers

By positioning the completely rough wall locally on the hub side diffuser wall alone in the vaneless diffuser, the flow rate of rotating stall inception was decreased by 42 percent at a small pressure drop of less than 1 percent. This is based on the fact that the local reverse flow occurs first in the hub side in most centrifugal blowers with a backswept blade impeller. The three-dimensional boundary layer calculation shows that the increase in wall shear component normal to the main-flow direction markedly decreases the skewed angle of the three-dimensional boundary layer, and results in suppression of the three-dimensional separation. It is also clarified theoretically that the diffuser pressure recovery is hardly deteriorated by the rough wall positioned downstream of R = l.2 because the increase in the radial momentum change, resulting from reduction in the skewed angle of the three-dimensional boundary layer, supports the adverse pressure gradient.
A law of the iterated logarithm for stable summands

That is, the variables (1/\/n)Sn again satisfy E[exp(it(1/Vn)Sn)] =exp(-| t 2), and to achieve a finite lim sup they must be cut down additionally (and multiplicatively) by the factors (2 log log n)-112. For some reason the obvious corresponding statement for the case 7y < 2 does not seem to have been recorded, and it is the purpose of this note to do so. For 0<7y<2, the variables n-<'YSn again satisfy E [exp(itn-ir_Sn)] = exp(t | Y). Since the corresponding distribution function F(x) has tail behavior F(-x) + 1-F(x)(const) I x I -Y as I xI -* oo, instead of exponential decrease as in the 7y = 2 case, we can expect the "cut down factors" to appear otherwise than as multipliers.
Graphical Representation of Multivariate Data by Means of Asymmetrical Faces

Abstract Proceeding from the idea of Chernoff (1971, 1973) of representing multivariate data by faces, a new face is proposed in which the face parameters of the left and the right side can be varied separately. The new face can be applied in the same way as the usual Chernoff face (with 36 instead of 18 representable variables). Special applications of the new face are the representation of multivariate paired comparison and the visual search for outliers. Several examples illustrate these applications. Compared with Chernoff's face, the new construction is more realistic, degenerates less, and avoids as much as possible mutual influences of the different face parameters.
Solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave filters for the GHz frequency range

Small sized, highly selective solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave (BAW) band pass filters are suitable for mobile and wireless systems operating in the frequency range 0.8 and 10 GHz. Both lattice and ladder BAW resonator filters have been designed and fabricated on 6" wafers using multilayer Bragg type acoustic reflectors. For the piezoelectric film highly oriented AlN has been deposited using an optimised sputter process. Resonators and filters were made and measured both on glass and silicon wafers. Resonators on glass and Si show different substrate loss. Dielectric loss in the AlN piezo-layer is small. The acoustic loss is found to be small in all the materials. The properties of the acoustic reflector can be monitored by a thorough examination of small details of the resonator's frequency response. Resonator and filter examples are shown for 2 GHz, 2.8 GHz, and 8 GHz.
Renormalization and White Noise Approximation for Nonparametric Functional Estimation Problems

where Wt is Brownian motion. In Section 2, we show how invariance ideas can often clarify rates of convergence results as n -X cc for a variety of parameter spaces F. Extensions and generalisations of these results can be found in Donoho and Low (1990a) and Low (1991). Millar [1979] has illustrated the power of looking at nonparametric problems from the viewpoint of Le Cam's theory of experiments, with the parameter space indexed by an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. This highly successful approach led to a simple unified theory for estimating distribution functions under, for example, sup norm loss. The power of Hilbert space parametrizations has not, however, been exploited in pointwise estimation problems arising, for example, from density estimation, nonparametric regression or estimation of a variable intensity function from a Poisson process. In fact, it is only recently that Le Cam's theory of experiments has even been brought to bear on the problem of density estimation, and then only through a sequence of one-dimensional parametrizations. Donoho and Liu (1991) however did pick these one-dimensional parametrizations in an optimal way and showed the power of Le Cam's methodology. Romano (1988) has also applied Le Cam's theory to sequences of one-dimensional experiments naturally arising from estimation of the mode.
Higher criticism testing for signal detection in rare and weak models

examples - we need models for selecting a small subset of useful features from high-dimensional data, where the useful features are both rare and weak, this being crucial for e.g. supervised classfication of sparse high- dimensional data. A preceding step is to detect the presence of useful features, signal detection. This problem is related to testing a very large number of hypotheses, where the proportion of false null hypotheses is assumed to be very small. However, reliable signal detection will only be possible in certain areas of the two-dimensional sparsity-strength parameter space, the phase space.In this report, we focus on two families of distributions, N and χ2. In the former case, features are supposed to be independent and normally distributed. In the latter, in search for a more sophisticated model, we suppose that features depend in blocks, whose empirical separation strength asymptotically follows the non-central χ2ν-distribution.Our search for informative features explores Tukey's higher criticism (HC), which is a second-level significance testing procedure, for comparing the fraction of observed signi cances to the expected fraction under the global null.Throughout the phase space we investgate the estimated error rate,Err = (#Falsely rejected H0+ #Falsely rejected H1)/#Simulations,where H0: absence of informative signals, and H1: presence of informative signals, in both the N-case and the χ2ν-case, for ν= 2; 10; 30. In particular, we find, using a feature vector of the approximately same size as in genomic applications, that the analytically derived detection boundary is too optimistic in the sense that close to it, signal detection is still failing, and we need to move far from the boundary into the success region to ensure reliable detection. We demonstrate that Err grows fast and irregularly as we approach the detection boundary from the success region.In the χ2ν-case, ν > 2, no analytical detection boundary has been derived, but we show that the empirical success region there is smaller than in the N-case, especially as ν increases.
The effects of nonequilibrium ionization on the radiative losses of the solar corona

The emissivity of the ions of carbon and oxygen has been recalculated for a set of solar coronal loop models with a steady state siphon flow. The ion densities were calculated from the plasma velocities, temperatures, and densities of the models, and large departures from equilibrium were found. For purposes of comparison, the emissivity was calculated with and without the approximation of ionization equilibrium. Considerable differences in the radiative loss function Lambda(T) curve between equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions were found. The nonequilibrium Lambda(T) function was then used to solve again the steady state flow equations of the loop models. The differences in the structure of these models with respect to the models calculated adopting the Lambda(T) curve in equilibrium are discussed. 19 refs.
Mycochemistry, antioxidant content, and antioxidant potentiality of the ethanolic extract of Pleurotus florida and its anti-cancerous effect on HeLa cancer cell line, and antitumor effect on HeLa-implanted mice

Objectives: Cervical cancer is increasing worldwide and is becoming resistant to the existing drugs in clinical practice. Here, ethanolic extract of fruit body of Pleurotus florida was evaluated as antioxidant, anticancer agent against HeLa cell lines and anti-tumor against cervical cancer in mice model. Methods: Fruit bodies of P. florida in 90% ethanol, and the P. florida ethanolic extract (PFEE) was subsequently investigated for its antioxidant content and activity, anticancer properties against the cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, and antitumor activity against HeLa implanted mice. Results: The antioxidant activity bioassay showed that the IC50 of PFEE was 41.17 ± 1.42a μg/ml. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that PFEE caused inhibition of cell proliferation. At the highest dose (1,250 μg/ml) after 24 h, 48 h, or 72 h of treatment, the percentages of cell growth inhibition were 75.22%, 77.77%, and 84.65%, respectively. It revealed that PFEE-treated cells became rounded and the nuclei became fragmented. PFEE induced intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. PFEE also led to an up regulation of the apoptotic genes for caspases-3, -9, and Bax, whereas Bcl-2 gene was down regulated, and it also promoted the expression of p53. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 checkpoint. PFEE suppressed metastasis and colonization. At a dosage of PFEE of 50 mg/kg of body weight, a 66.72% reduction in the size of tumors and an 87.44% reduction in the tumor weight were observed in mice. Conclusions: It has demonstrated that PFEE is a highly potent anti-cervical cancer agent in vitro and in vivo.
Human Treated Dentin Matrix Hydrogel as a Drug Delivery Scaffold for Regenerative Endodontics

Introduction: The objective of the current study was to develop a human treated dentin matrix (hTDM) hydrogel for use as a scaffold to allow the controlled release of an antimicrobial agent for regenerative endodontics. Materials and Methods: Human extracted teeth were treated via chemical demineralization using ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid solution to produce hTDM powder. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was conducted to determine the functional groups of hTDM, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to define the morphology/particle size of hTDM, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis was performed to identify the superficial apatite groups. Prepared hTDM powder was added to the amoxicillin-clavulanate mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1. Then, the combination was dripped into a 5% (w/v) calcium chloride solution. Antibiotic release profiles were evaluated for 14 days via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hydrogel degradation properties were studied for 14 days using 10 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Encapsulation efficiency was determined by HPLC, while minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin-clavulanate were determined against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The antibacterial activity of amoxicillin-clavulanate against E. faecalis was investigated for 14 days via agar diffusion test. Statistical analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test (P=0.05). Results: hTDM showed statistically a significant difference for percentage weight change (P=0.1). The encapsulation efficiencies for hTDM hydrogel with antibiotic and hydrogel with antibiotic was 96.08%±0.02 and 94.62%±0.11, respectively. MIC and MBC values of amoxicillin-clavulanate against E. faecalis were 2.4 µg/mL and 9.6 µg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial activity of antibiotic loaded hTDM hydrogels was significantly greater than loaded hydrogels alone by 31% after 4 days and 100% at 14 days, respectively (P≤0.001). Conclusions: This in vitro study showed antibiotic-loaded injectable hTDM hydrogel could be an alternative system to transfer antibiotic-based intracanal medicaments for use in regenerative endodontics.
Four‐dimensional variational assimilation in the unstable subspace and the optimal subspace dimension

Key apriori information used in 4D‐Var is the knowledge of the system's evolution equations. In this article we propose a method for taking full advantage of the knowledge of the system's dynamical instabilities in order to improve the quality of the analysis. We present an algorithm for four‐dimensional variational assimilation in the unstable subspace (4D‐Var – AUS), which consists of confining in this subspace the increment of the control variable. The existence of an optimal subspace dimension for this confinement is hypothesized. Theoretical arguments in favour of the present approach are supported by numerical experiments in a simple perfect nonlinear model scenario. It is found that the RMS analysis error is a function of the dimension N of the subspace where the analysis is confined and is a minimum for N approximately equal to the dimension of the unstable and neutral manifold. For all assimilation windows, from 1 to 5 d, 4D‐Var – AUS performs better than standard 4D‐Var. In the presence of observational noise, the 4D‐Var solution, while being closer to the observations, is farther away from the truth. The implementation of 4D‐Var – AUS does not require the adjoint integration. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Fundamental groups of complements to singular plane curves

The classical hyperplane section theorem of Zariski about the fundamental groups of the complements to hypersurfaces in the complex projective space is generalized to the weighted homogeneous case. Using this result, we study how the fundamental group of the complement to a projective plane curve changes under covering of the projective plane by another projective plane. We also give an example of plane curves whose complements have nonabelian and finite fundamental groups. Few examples of such curves have been known. By the weighted Zariski's hyperplane section theorem, we can determine the group structure of these finite nonabelian groups. 0. Introduction. In the first part of this paper, we formulate and prove a weighted homogeneous version of Zariski's hyperplane section theorem on the fundamental groups of the complements to hypersurfaces in a complex projective space, and discuss some direct applications to the fundamental groups of com plements to projective plane curves. In the second part, we investigate a certain singular plane curve C(q9 k)9 which is a generalization of Zariski's three cuspidal quartics, and calculate the fundamental group ^(P2 \ C(q9k)) using the main result of the first part. This group turns out to be finite and nonabelian. Let jci, . 9xn be variables with weights
Ramsey bounds for graph products

graph on m nodes are partitioned into n colors, there will be at least one index i for which a complete subgraph on &* nodes has all of its edges in the ith color. Ramsey's Theorem tells that these numbers exist but only a few exact values are known. The complement graph G has the same nodes as G and the complementary set of edges. The independence number a{G) of a graph G, is the largest number of nodes in any complete subgraph of G. The product Gt x x Gn of graphs Gu •••, Gn is the graph whose nodes are all the ordered w-tuples (αL, , an) in which a{ is a node of G{ for each i from 1 to n, and whose edges are as follows. A set of two nodes {(au , αw), (bl9 , bn)} will be an edge of G1 x x Gn if and only if the nodes are distinct and for each i from 1 to n, di = bi or {au b{} is an edge of G{.
Lower Limits of Auditory Periodicity Analysis

Tests utilizing an iterated, uninterrupted section of random noise disclose that periodicity (iteration) is easily detectable to about 1 cps and detectable with especial difficulty below 0.5 cps. Frequencies bounding regions of perception of pitch, motorboating, and whooshing are specified as 19, 4, and 1 cps, respectively.
In-situ characterization of meat aging with diode-laser Raman spectroscopy

Due to the narrow linewidth signals and its fingerprinting nature, Raman spectra provide information about the molecular structure and composition of the samples. In this paper, the applicability of Raman spectroscopy is shown for the in-situ characterization of the aging of meat. Miniaturized diode lasers are utilized as light sources with excitation wavelengths of 671 nm and 785 nm with a view to the development of a portable field device for meat. As test sample, musculus longissimus dorsi from pork was taken. The chops were stored refrigerated at 5 °C and Raman spectra were measured daily from slaughter up to three weeks. Throughout the entire period of one month, the Raman spectra preserve the basic spectral features identifying the samples as meat. More specific, the spectra exhibit gradual changes of the Raman signals and they show a time-dependent modification of the background signal which arises from a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). To analyze the time-correlation of the complex spectra, multivariate statistical methods are employed. By means of principal components analysis (PCA) a distinction of spectra is found on the time scale between day 8 and 10. This corresponds to the transition from ripened meat to meat at and beyond the limit of inedibility. After ca. 10 days of storage at 5 °C the microbial load is overwhelming and LIF increases. The results of the Raman measurements depending on the storage time of meat are discussed in the context of reference analyses which have been performed in parallel.
Estimation of strategies in a markov game

In this paper a two-person Markov game, in discrete time, and with perfect state information, is considered from the point of view of a single player (player A) only. It is assumed that A's opponent (player B) uses the same strategy every time the game is played. It is shown that A can obtain a consistent estimate of B's strategy on the basis of his past experience of playing the game with B. Two methods of deriving such an estimate are given. Further, it is shown that using one of these estimates A can construct a strategy for himself which is asymptotically optimal. A simple example of a game in which the above method may be useful is given.
Integrated DEA/TOPSIS approach for the evaluation and ranking of engineering education institutions – a case study

There are diverse kinds of methods for evaluation and ranking of the alternatives characterized by multiple criteria. In this paper, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is integrated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for evaluation and ranking of Engineering Education Institutions (EEIs). Two hypothetical decision making units (DMUs) called the ideal DMU (which consumes the least input to secure the most output) and the nadir DMU (which consumes the most input but produces the least output) are constructed and used as reference points to evaluate a group of EEIs based on their Euclidean distance from these reference points. The best relative efficiency of the ideal DMU and the worst relative efficiency of the nadir DMU are determined and combined for evaluation and ranking of 25 EEIs in Andhra Pradesh state in India. Input and output matrices of performance dimensions of EEIs are determined from the payoff values of the performance enablers of the EEIs and the relative weights of the performance enablers in a fuzzy environment.
Local Maximum Ozone Concentration Prediction Using Soft Computing Methodologies

The prediction of ozone levels is an important task because this toxic gas can produce harmful effects to the population health especially of children. This article describes the application of the Fuzzy Inductive Reasoning methodology and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) approach, the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) architecture, to a signal forecasting task in an environmental domain. More specifically, we have applied FIR and LSTM to the prediction of maximum ozone(O3) concentrations in the East Austrian region. In this article the results of FIR and LSTM on this task are compared with those obtained previously using other types of neural networks (Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), Elman Networks (ENs) and Modified Elman Networks (MENs)). The performance of the best LSTM networks inferred are equivalent to the best FIR models identified and both are slightly better than the other Neural Networks studied (MENs, ENs and MLPs, in decreasing order of performance). Cross validation tests are included in this research in order to study more deeply the accuracy of the FIR models and to extract as much information as possible from the available data.
Bounds for the error probability of TCM-PSK over the correlated Rayleigh channel with diversity

In this paper, simple approximations are derived for the BER performance of coherent PSK-TCM over the Rayleigh channel with diversity, including the cases of branch and time correlation. Starting from a simple approximation of the Gaussian error function, a common methodology is described based on the derivation of the moment generating function of the sum of correlated squared-Rayleigh RVs. A simple final result is obtained requiring only the knowledge of the eigenvalues of some channel-related covariance matrices and the distance profile of the TCM scheme.