Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Meristem identity and phyllotaxis in inflorescence development

Inflorescence morphology is incredibly diverse. This diversity of form has been a fruitful source of inquiry for plant morphologists for more than a century. Work in the grasses (Poaceae), the tomato family (Solanaceae), and Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) has led to a richer understanding of the molecular genetics underlying this diversity. The character of individual meristems, a combination of the number (determinacy) and nature (identity) of the products a meristem produces, is key in the development of plant form. A framework that describes inflorescence development in terms of shifting meristem identities has emerged and garnered empirical support in a number of model systems. We discuss this framework and highlight one important aspect of meristem identity that is often considered in isolation, phyllotaxis. Phyllotaxis refers to the arrangement of lateral organs around a central axis. The development and evolution of phyllotaxis in the inflorescence remains underexplored, but recent work analyzing early inflorescence development in the grasses identified an evolutionary shift in primary branch phyllotaxis in the Pooideae. We discuss the evidence for an intimate connection between meristem identity and phyllotaxis in both the inflorescence and vegetative shoot, and touch on what is known about the establishment of phyllotactic patterns in the meristem. Localized auxin maxima are instrumental in determining the position of lateral primordia. Upstream factors that regulate the position of these maxima remain unclear, and how phyllotactic patterns change over the course of a plant's lifetime and evolutionary time, is largely unknown. A more complete understanding of the molecular underpinnings of phyllotaxis and architectural diversity in inflorescences will require capitalizing on the extensive resources available in existing genetic systems, and developing new model systems that more fully represent the diversity of plant morphology.
Evaluation of pitch detection algorithms in adverse conditions

Robust fundamental frequency estimation in adverse conditions is important in various speech processing applications. In this paper a new pitch detection algorithm (PDA) based on the autocorrelation of the Hilbert envelope of the LP residual [1] is compared to another well established algorithm from Goncharoff [2]. A set of evaluation criteria is collected on which the two PDA algorithms are compared. In order to evaluate the algorithms in adverse conditions a suited reference database was constructed. This reference database consists of parts of the SPEECON speech database [3] where recordings of 60 speakers were selected and manually pitch marked. The recordings cover several adverse conditions as noise in the car cabin and reverberations of office rooms. The evaluation highlights the good performance of the new algorithm in comparison but shows, that low SNR conditions and strong reverberation are still a demanding challenge for future pitch detection algorithms.
Formal analysis of high-performance stabilized active-input current mirror

The active input topology has been frequently proposed to boost the speed of current mirrors. However, inherent stability issues constrain the maximum reachable speed, sometimes making this solution inefficient. In this paper, we present a modified version of the active-input, which improves the stability region and permits much better speed improvement with low additional complexity and power consumption. Because of the wide range of possible applications, we choose to develop a dedicated formalism based on a systematic and generic approach, intended to achieve the best speed-power performance in stabilized active-input current mirror design. To validate the calculation flow, we compare the simple diode-connected mirror and the stabilized active-input topology with identical MOS devices. An use-case example using our formalism shows that the proposed stabilized active-input current mirror exhibits a speed improvement of more than 30 times the equivalent diode-connected current mirror, with an extra bias current consumed of 5 % of the output DC current.
Synthesis of three advanced biofuels from ionic liquid-pretreated switchgrass using engineered Escherichia coli

One approach to reducing the costs of advanced biofuel production from cellulosic biomass is to engineer a single microorganism to both digest plant biomass and produce hydrocarbons that have the properties of petrochemical fuels. Such an organism would require pathways for hydrocarbon production and the capacity to secrete sufficient enzymes to efficiently hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose. To demonstrate how one might engineer and coordinate all of the necessary components for a biomass-degrading, hydrocarbon-producing microorganism, we engineered a microorganism naïve to both processes, Escherichia coli, to grow using both the cellulose and hemicellulose fractions of several types of plant biomass pretreated with ionic liquids. Our engineered strains express cellulase, xylanase, beta-glucosidase, and xylobiosidase enzymes under control of native E. coli promoters selected to optimize growth on model cellulosic and hemicellulosic substrates. Furthermore, our strains grow using either the cellulose or hemicellulose components of ionic liquid-pretreated biomass or on both components when combined as a coculture. Both cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic strains were further engineered with three biofuel synthesis pathways to demonstrate the production of fuel substitutes or precursors suitable for gasoline, diesel, and jet engines directly from ionic liquid-treated switchgrass without externally supplied hydrolase enzymes. This demonstration represents a major advance toward realizing a consolidated bioprocess. With improvements in both biofuel synthesis pathways and biomass digestion capabilities, our approach could provide an economical route to production of advanced biofuels.
Variation in TCF7L2 and Increased Risk of Colon Cancer

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether a variation in the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, which influences diabetes risk, is associated with incidence of cancers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We related diabetes and TCF7L2 variation with occurrence of several common cancers in a prospective cohort study of 13,117 middle-aged adults initially free of cancer in 1987–1989. We assessed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TCF7L2 including the putative SNP (rs7903146) for diabetes. We identified incident cancers through 2000 via cancer registries, supplemented by hospital records. RESULTS—Diabetes was associated marginally inversely with incidence of prostate cancer but not with incidence of colorectal, colon, lung, or breast cancer. The T allele of rs7903146 (frequency 30%) was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer and, more specifically, colon cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.0 for CC, 1.25 (0.85–1.83) for CT, and 2.15 (1.27–3.64) for TT genotypes (Ptrend = 0.009). TCF7L2 variation also was associated with lung cancer incidence in whites but not blacks, but residual confounding by smoking may be present. CONCLUSIONS—Subjects who were initially cancer-free and carrying certain genetic variants of TCF7L2, most notably the T allele of rs7903146, have an increased risk of colon cancer. This association appears to be an independent gene effect not explained by diabetes. Because the T allele of rs7903146 is common, if a causal link is established, this variant could account for a sizable proportion (∼17% here) of cases of colon cancer in the general population.
The early evolution of the star cluster mass function

Several recent studies have shown that the star cluster initial mass function (CIMF) can be well approximated by a power law, with indications for a steepening or truncation at high masses. This contribution considers the evolution of such a mass function due to cluster disruption, with emphasis on the part of the mass function that is observable in the first ∼ 1G yr. A Schechter type function is used for the CIMF, with a power-law index of −2 at low masses and an exponential truncation at M∗. Cluster disruption due to the tidal field of the host galaxy and encounters with giant molecular clouds flattens the low-mass end of the mass function, but there is always a part of the ‘evolved Schechter function’ that can be approximated by a power law with index −2. The mass range for which this holds depends on age, τ , and shifts to higher masses roughly as τ 0.6 . Mean cluster masses derived from luminosity-limited samples increase with age very similarly due to the evolutionary fading of clusters. Empirical mass functions are, therefore, approximately power laws with index −2, or slightly steeper, at all ages. The results are illustrated by an application to the star cluster population of the interacting galaxy M51, which can be well described by a model with M∗ = (1.9 ± 0.5) ×
Component‐resolved diagnosis: Performance of specific IgE to Alternaria compared to Alt a 1

1. Abramson MJ, Puy RM, Weiner JM. Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003: 4: CD001186. Review 2. Greineder DK. Risk management in allergen immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996: 3: S330–4. 3. Casale TB1, Busse WW, Kline JN, et al. Omalizumab pretreatment decreases acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006: 117: 134–40. 4. Kuehr J1, Brauburger J, Zielen S, et al. Efficacy of combination treatment with antiIgE plus specific immunotherapy in polysensitized children and adolescents with seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002: 109: 274–80. 5. Massanari M, Nelson H, Casale T, et al. Effect of pretreatment with omalizumab on the tolerability of specific immunotherapy in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010: 125: 383–9. 6. Bethesda, G.I. F.A. G. National heart, lung and blood institute (NHLBI), Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2006. Avaible from: www. ginasthma.com 7. Kopp MV, Hamelmann E, Zielen S, et al. Combination of omalizumab and specific immunotherapy is superior to immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and co-morbid seasonal allergic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2009: 39: 271–9. 8. Eckman JA, Sterba PM, Kelly D, et al. Effects of omalizumab on basophil and mast cell responses using an intranasal cat allergen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010: 125: 889–95 e7. 9. Johansson SG, Nopp A, Oman H, et al. The size of the disease relevant IgE antibody fraction in relation to ‘total-IgE’ predicts the efficacy of anti-IgE (Xolair) treatment. Allergy 2009: 64: 1472–7. 10. Ankerst J, Nopp A, Johansson SG, et al. Xolair is effective in allergics with a low serum IgE level. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2010: 152: 71–4. 11. Casale TB, Stokes J. Anti-IgE therapy: clinical utility beyond asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009: 123: 770–1.e1. 12. Slavin RG, Ferioli C, Tannenbaum SJ, et al. Asthma symptom re-emergence after omalizumab withdrawal correlates well with increasing IgE and decreasing pharmacokinetic concentrations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009: 123: 107–13.e3. 13. Nopp A, Johansson SG, Ad edoyin J, et al. After 6 years with Xolair; a 3-year withdrawal follow-up. Allergy 2010: 65: 56– 60.
Neither Neoplasia Nor Tuberculosis, but Francisella

Tularaemia is an emerging anthropozoonosis transmitted by contact with infected animals and through arthropod bites, inhalation, or ingestion. We describe a pulmonary nodule suggesting cancer in a 70-year-old man. Histological analysis excluded neoplasia, and bacteriological culture excluded tuberculosis. Serological testing and PCR Francisella were positive for this hunter patient, then treated by ciprofloxacin with a favourable outcome.
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke

Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals including multiple genotoxic lung carcinogens. The classic mechanisms of carcinogen metabolic activation to DNA adducts, leading to miscoding and mutations in critical growth control genes, applies to this mixture but some aspects are difficult to establish because of the complexity of the exposure. This article discusses certain features of this mechanism including the role of nicotine and its receptors; lung carcinogens, co‐carcinogens and related substances in cigarette smoke; structurally characterized DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers; the mutational consequences of DNA adduct formation in smokers' lungs; and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen uptake as related to lung cancer. While there are still uncertainties which may never be fully resolved, the general mechanisms by which cigarette smoking causes lung cancer are well understood and provide insights relevant to prevention of lung cancer, the number one cancer killer in the world, causing 1.37 million deaths per year.
Construing the world: conceptual metaphors and event construals in news stories

This paper is concerned with conceptual metaphors and event-construal in newspaper language. Event-construal is defined as „the way in which a particular event in the ‚realworld‛ is construed via textualisation“. The paper takes up the notion of metaphors as creative stylistic devices in news stories (analysing stories in The Sun, The Guardian and The New York Times) and shows how tapping into conceptual metaphors helps to establish ‚eventconstruals‛ in texts. This, in turn, it is argued, has many functions, including the most central ones of evaluation and dramatisation. Analysing news stories about different ‚newsworthy‛ events, the paper demonstrates how the choice of a particular event-construal crucially depends on the emotional potential of reported statements. It is proposed that (although there is a lot of interaction between verbal and non-verbal signs which co-establish such construals), conceptual metaphors are particularly important for strategically building up event-construals. These event-construals themselves, it is suggested, are important cognitive devices that help the reader to create coherence. In diesem Beitrag geht es um konzeptuelle Metaphern und sogenannte event-construals in der Zeitungssprache. (Event-construal wird definiert als die Art und Weise, wie Ereignisse in der ausersprachlichen Welt durch Textualisierung konstruiert werden.) Metaphern werden hier als kreative stilistische Mittel verstanden und analysiert; es soll gezeigt werden, wie durch den Ruckgriff auf konzeputelle Metaphern bestimmte event-construals in Texten etabliert werden. Dies, so wird argumentiert, hat seinerseits viele Funktionen, darunter vor allem die Bewertung und Dramatisierung von Ereignissen. Durch die Analyse von verschiedenen Zeitungsartikeln in The Sun, The Guardian und The New York Times wird gezeigt, dass die Wahl eines bestimmten event-construals vom emotionalen Potential der zitierten Aussagen abhangt. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass (trotz der hohen Interaktion zwischen sprachlichen und nicht-sprachlichen Zeichen, die solche construals zusammen etablieren), konzeptuelle Metaphern besonders wichtig fur den strategischen Aufbau von event-construals sind. Die event-construals selbst konnen als wichtige kognitive Mittel dienen, welche dem Leser/der Leserin helfen, Koharenz zu erzeugen.
Is conscious perception a continuous or dichotomous phenomenon

XIV Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Resurgence in Consciousness Studies 3 Disagreements in Consciousness Studies 6 Foundational Issues: Defining and Measuring Consciousness 7 Meanings Attributed to “Consciousness” 8 Consciousness level and conscious contents 9 Functional and experiential aspects of consciousness 11 Operational definitions of consciousness 13 Measures of Conscious Content 15 First-person and third-person measures of conscious content 15 Objective and subjective behavioural report 16 Objective report 16 Subjective report 17 Interim Summary: Definitions and Measures 19 Contrastive Analysis: An Obstacle to Investigating Graded Consciousness 20 The Method of Contrastive Analysis 20 Common Techniques for Creating Visual Consciousness Contrasts 21 Contrastive Analysis and the Form of Consciousness Debate 23 Summary 24
You Can't Learn Much from Books You Can't Read

The author offers two possible reasons that so many students in grades 5–12 struggle with content-area learning: the mismatch between the reading levels of content-area textbooks and students' reading abilities; and the reliance on these textbooks as the main instructional resource for all students. He describes how exemplary teachers avoid these problems by providing multiple levels of instructional resources, offering students options in what they learn and how they demonstrate their learning, and individualizing instruction.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies in Plants for Cancer Immunotherapy

Plants are considered as an alternative platform for recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) production due to the improvement and diversification of transgenic techniques. The diversity of plant species offers a multitude of possibilities for the valorization of genetic resources. Moreover, plants can be propagated indefinitely, providing cheap biomass production on a large scale in controlled conditions. Thus, recent studies have shown the successful development of plant systems for the production of mAbs for cancer immunotherapy. However, their several limitations have to be resolved for efficient antibody production in plants.
Top-k dominant web services under multi-criteria matching

As we move from a Web of data to a Web of services, enhancing the capabilities of the current Web search engines with effective and efficient techniques for Web services retrieval and selection becomes an important issue. Traditionally, the relevance of a Web service advertisement to a service request is determined by computing an overall score that aggregates individual matching scores among the various parameters in their descriptions. Two drawbacks characterize such approaches. First, there is no single matching criterion that is optimal for determining the similarity between parameters. Instead, there are numerous approaches ranging from using Information Retrieval similarity metrics up to semantic logic-based inference rules. Second, the reduction of individual scores to an overall similarity leads to significant information loss. Since there is no consensus on how to weight these scores, existing methods are typically pessimistic, adopting a worst-case scenario. As a consequence, several services, e.g., those having a single unrelated parameter, can be excluded from the result set, even though they are potentially good alternatives. In this work, we present a methodology that overcomes both deficiencies. Given a request, we introduce an objective measure that assigns a dominance score to each advertised Web service. This score takes into consideration all the available criteria for each parameter in the request. We investigate three distinct definitions of dominance score, and we devise efficient algorithms that retrieve the top-k most dominant Web services in each case. Extensive experimental evaluation on real requests and relevance sets, as well as on synthetically generated scenarios, demonstrates both the effectiveness of the proposed technique and the efficiency of the algorithms.
Formulation and Evaluation of Taste Masked Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Levocetirizine Hydrochloride

Aim of this research work was to develop mouth dissolving tablet that disintegrates rapidly in mouth by using tasteless complex of Levocetirizine and Tulsion-335. Effect of different parameters such as swelling time, resin activation, drug resin ratio as well as stirring time was optimized by taste and percentage drug loading. Formulated DRC (Drug Resin Complex) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction pattern. Tablets were formulated by wet granulation with PVP as binder, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) and Crospovidone as super disintegrants. In these batches optimum hardness was achieved but disintegration time was found to be very high as ≥ 70 second, so further trials were planned by using different superdisintegrants such as Croscarmellose sodium, Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) as well as Crospovidone by wet granulation method. Tablets formulated with 7.5% crospovidone showed comparatively low disintegration time (25 sec), wetting time (20 sec) and friability (0.60 %) than the other batches. In present study we optimized the conditions required for maximum drug loading of Levocetirizine with Tulsion-335. Among different superdisintergants, crospovidone was found suitable with drug-resin complex to get the low disintegration time, wetting time and friability of tablets.
Approximate Performance Analysis of Job Scheduling on Computational Grids

Our former study had investigated the modeling and performance evaluation of QoS-aware job scheduling on computational grids using the stochastic high-level Petri net (SHLPN). This paper proposes an approximate performance analysis technique, which is based on the decomposition and refinement of the SHLPN model as well as iteration among submodels, to reduce the complexity of the model and cope with the state-space explosion problem. Numerical results of performance analysis show that this approximate analysis technique is effective for accuracy of the numerical results as well as significantly reduces the state complexity of the model.