Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers in rural Ghana: An application of the theory of planned behavior

Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) practices are crucial in managing climatic shocks faced by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. However, evidence on the socio-psychological drivers of farmers’ adoption of CSA practices remains limited. This study employed the Theory of Planned Behavior framework to analyze smallholder farmers’ intention and adoption behavior toward CSA practices in rural Ghana. The study sampled 350 smallholder farmers from the Upper East and North-East Regions of Ghana and employed the Structural Equation Model to understand smallholder farmers’ intention and adoption behavior toward CSA practices. Results showed that farmers’ attitudes (notably their beneficial evaluation of CSA practices) had a significant impact (0.25) on their intention to adopt CSA practices. Social pressure exerted on farmers to use CSA practices (Subjective norm) also had a significant impact (0.52) on farmers’ adoption behavior. Perceived behavior control which measures the controllability and use of CSA practices also had a significant impact on both the intention (0.43) and adoption behavior (0.20) of smallholder farmers. Findings highlight the role socio-psychological factors play in explaining the adoption of CSA practices in rural Ghana. We recommend the need to create awareness of CSA practices by sharing relevant information more widely on CSA practices through community leaders, chief farmers, assembly members, and clan heads in order to exert influence on farmer’s adoption of CSA practices.
STRENGTHENING THE CASE FOR ASTEROIDAL ACCRETION: EVIDENCE FOR SUBTLE AND DIVERSE DISKS AT WHITE DWARFS

Spitzer Space Telescope IRAC 3–8 μm and AKARI IRC 2–4 μm photometry are reported for 10 white dwarfs with photospheric heavy elements; nine relatively cool stars with photospheric calcium and one hotter star with a peculiar high carbon abundance. A substantial infrared excess is detected at HE 2221−1630, while modest excess emissions are identified at HE 0106−3253 and HE 0307+0746, implying these latter two stars have relatively narrow (Δr < 0.1 R☉) rings of circumstellar dust. A likely 7.9 μm excess is found at PG 1225−079 and may represent, together with G166-58, a sub-class of dust ring with a large inner hole. The existence of attenuated disks at white dwarfs substantiates the connection between their photospheric heavy elements and the accretion of disrupted minor planets, indicating many polluted white dwarfs may harbor orbiting dust, even those lacking an obvious infrared excess.
REDESAIN STASIUN PENGISIAN BAHAN BAKAR UMUM MANDIRI

SPBU (Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar untuk Umum) merupakan prasarana umum yang disediakan untuk masyarakat luas, guna memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakar. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi perusahan dan memperbaiki kualitas layanan, Pertamina menawarkan beberapa layanan di SPBU, salah satunya penerapan konsep self service atau pelayanan mandiri. Konsep ini menjadi persoalan ketika banyak pengendara yang tidak mengetahui cara mengoperasikan gagang selang bensin, sehingga antrian berjalan lambat. Kelemahan lainnya, dengan konsep self service yakni pengendara tidak dapat lagi mengisi bensin full tank, karena sebelum mengisi tangki pengendara terlebih dahulu menentukan berapa jumlah pembelian Perancangan ini bertujuan mengubah tampilan desain guna mempermudah pengguna stasiun pengisian bahan bakar tersebut. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode psikologi desain untuk mendapatkan sebuah solusi baru tentang permasalahan yang ada, dengan menganalisis kebiasaan pengguna dalam mengoperasikan dispenser dan melakukan analisis paper prototyping. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan desain interface yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Dengan adanya permasalahan yang dihadapi tersebut maka, akan ditelaah lebih lanjut korelasi antara dispenser SPBU dengan cara orang menggunakannya. Sehingga dengan didapatkannya hasil tersebut diharapkan agar pengguna menjadi lebih mudah dalam melakukan pengisian bahan bakar di SPBU.
Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms in Detection of Brain Tumor

In this paper, a machine learning approach is proposed to detect the presence of a brain tumor at the initial stages. The data extracted from the MRI scans of an affected person can be incorporated in various machine learning algorithms to facilitate the process. Ten algorithms were run here and the results obtained were extensively compared using the parameters: accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1score and ROC-AUC. Among the proposed algorithms, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest and AdaBoost were found to be the most promising algorithms. But Gradient Boosting algorithm aced the rest with an accuracy of 98.78%, sensitivity of 99.3% and specificity of 95.2% while AdaBoost outperforms others in terms of precision and Random Forest shows the highest F1-score. Google Colab platform was used for running the algorithms.
Geometric temperature and entropy of quantum isolated horizons

By reintroducing Lorentz invariance in canonical loop quantum gravity, we define a geometrical notion of temperature for quantum isolated horizons. This is done by demanding that the horizon state satisfying the boundary conditions be a Kubo-Martin-Schwinger state. The exact formula for the temperature can be derived by imposing the reality conditions in the form of the linear simplicity constraints for an imaginary Barbero-Immirzi parameter. Thus, our analysis reveals the connection between the analytic continuation to the Ashtekar self-dual variables and the thermality of the horizon. The horizon thermal equilibrium state can then be used to compute both the entanglement and the Boltzmann entropies. We show that the two provide the same finite answer, which allows us to recover the Bekenstein-Hawking formula in the semi-classical limit. In this way, we shed new light on the microscopic origin of black hole entropy by revealing the equivalence between the near-horizon degrees of freedom entanglement proposal and the state-counting interpretation. The connection with the Connes-Rovelli thermal time proposal for a general relativistic statistical mechanics is worked out.
Task board for the World Robot Summit 2020

The World Robot Summit (WRS) Industrial Robotics Category tries to evaluate the performances of assembly robot systems using a task board. The task board comprises an assembly board (task board or board) and a set of parts assembled to the board. Utilizing an appropriate task board expects to facilitate the development of assembly robot systems. This paper examines the components necessary for the design of the task board through the results and analyzes of the task board competition in the WRS 2020 (held in September 2021). The task board will serve as a benchmark in developing an assembly robot system that can assemble the belt drive unit, an assembly model for the WRS 2020 assembly competitions. The success rate of each part of the competition and the correlation with assembly competitions reinforces the validity of the task board design. This paper describes that the WRS 2020 task board had a larger correlation with the belt drive unit used in the assembly competitions than that of the WRS 2018 (0.54 vs. 0.29). The design in the WRS 2020 is more appropriate than that in the WRS 2018 as a benchmark for assembling the belt drive unit. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A Horse Race of Monetary Policy Regimes: An Experimental Investigation

We provide a comprehensive assessment of leading monetary policy frameworks away from and at the ELB. Inflation targeting, dual mandate, average inflation targeting under 4and 10-period horizons, price level targeting, and nominal GDP level targeting are evaluated in a laboratory setting. Contrary to theoretical prediction with full information rational expectations, participants exhibit backward-looking expectations and, consequently, rate-targeting mandates outperform level targeting. More history dependence worsens macroeconomic stability. Inflation expectations are managed better when mandates are framed in terms of inflation rates than price levels. Central bank communication significantly improves the performance of price level targeting.
Application of Digital Painting Technology in the Creation of an Oil Painting Containing Graphene

Art and science and technology are two different ways people understand and reflect the objective world. The mutual penetration of science, technology, and art has promoted the development of art and the innovation of forms. Technology has become the carrier of social and cultural exchanges and spiritual world exchanges for artists, providing new ideas for modern art. In recent years, with the active development of various new media technologies, new media technologies represented by image technology and digital technology have gradually developed and are closely integrated with various fields. With the development and progress of image and digital technology, digital painting technology has had a great impact on the field of artistic creation. Of course, oil painting creation in the field of art has also encountered unprecedented challenges. This article introduces various functional methods in digital painting technology, and also introduces the preparation method of graphene graphite for printing. And through experiments, graphite with good performance was prepared, which showed that when ethylene glycol was used as a solvent and the mass fraction of graphene was 37.5%, the performance of the ink was relatively best. Finally, this paper designs a digital painting system and compares it with ordinary digital painting systems. It is concluded that the average satisfaction of painters in the designed system is 1.5 points higher than that of ordinary ones. These data show that the application of digital painting technology in the creation of graphene oil paintings has better applications than ordinary digital painting systems.
A Rhizobacterium, Streptomyces albulus Z1-04-02, Displays Antifungal Activity against Sclerotium Rot in Mungbean

Sclerotium rot causes damping-off and stem rot in seedlings and mature mungbeans, which negatively impacts cultivation. The use of a rhizobacterium to control soil-borne diseases is an alternative method to the excess use of synthetic fungicides; therefore, this study aims to screen rhizosphere actinobacteria with fungicidal activities against Sclerotium rolfsii, the pathogen that causes sclerotium rot in mungbeans. Primary screening showed that the Streptomyces sp. isolate Z1-04-02 displayed the highest effectiveness against S. rolfsii in dual culture plates, with a percentage inhibition of 74.28%. An assay containing enzymes that degrade cell walls, of the cell-free culture filtrate (CF) of Z1-04-02, showed that the activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were 0.0209 and 1.0210 U/mL, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the control (media alone). The cell-free CF of Z1-04-02, incubated at 37 °C and 100 °C, using agar well diffusion, effectively inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii with inhibition percentages of 37.78% and 27.78%, respectively. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was applied to trap volatiles released from Z1-04-02 and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS); volatile antifungal compounds were tentatively identified as bicyclic monoterpene (1R)-(-)-myrtenal. The application of the cell-free CF, and the spore suspension of Z1-04-02, showed disease severity indexes (DSIs) of 12.5% and 8.25%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those showing inoculation by S. rolfsii alone. The identification of this strain by morphology, biochemistry tests, and 16s rDNA sequences revealed that Z1-04-02 was Streptomyces albulus. This finding revealed that S. albulus Z1-04-02 displayed diverse fungicidal activities against S. rolfsii, and it has the potential to act as a biological control agent in terms of inhibiting sclerotium rot in mungbeans.
Immunity of CAN, CAN FD and Automotive Ethernet 100/1000BASE-T1 to Crosstalk From Power Electronic Systems

Reliable and fast data exchange is essential for many vehicle functions. For this purpose, special communication systems were introduced during the last years, e.g., LIN, CAN, or Automotive Ethernet. At the same time, more and more power electronic systems are integrated, e.g., for electric driving, causing electromagnetic disturbances. Because of the extended cable harness and short distances between the cables as well as the electrical devices, electromagnetic coupling between power electronic systems and communication systems is more likely. It may affect the reliability of data transmission. This article analyzes and compares the robustness of the automotive communication systems CAN, CAN FD, and Automotive Ethernet (100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1) against common and differential mode disturbances from cable and PCB coupling. Simulations and measurements are shown to identify critical coupling configurations. The EMC performance of the different bus systems is discussed.
A National Survey of Implementation of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in China

Background: Ten years after implementation of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC), used as a core item to assess hospital performance in China, an observational study was performed to evaluate level of clinical motivation for routine performance of the surgical safety checklist. Methods: A survey was designed on the basis of three parts of the surgical safety checklist and forming 23 questions. It covers the three main processes of safety check: (1) Before anesthesia induction,
Cerebellopontine Angle (CPA) Tumors Presenting with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN): A Study from LRH, Peshawar

Background/Objective: The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) is the most prevalent site for brain tumors, accounting for 10% of all cases. CPA tumors can have a direct or indirect pathogenic impact on the auditory nerve and brain stem. The study aimed to quantify the prevalence of cerebellopontine angle tumors in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Material and Methods: A cross sections study was conducted and 100 patients were included from the Neurosurgery department of LRH, Peshawar. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were used to look for CPA tumors. The data on CPA tumors were stratified for age and gender. Suboccipital retromastoid craniectomy was performed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43 years. 38 patients were male and 62 were female. CPA tumors were seen in three percent of trigeminal neuralgia patients. There existed a significant difference (p < 0.00001) between the presence and absence of CPA tumors. A maximum number of patients (n = 37) were not having CPA tumors from the age group of 51-60 years. An insignificant association was reported for CPA distribution concerning age and gender. Conclusion: According to our findings, 3% of trigeminal neuralgia patients had cerebellopontine angle tumors. We urge more investigation and screening of trigeminal neuralgia patients for CPA tumors based on the findings of this study.
Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning Interdisciplinary of Problem-Based Learning Teacher as Designer: A Framework for Teacher Analysis of Teacher as Designer: A Framework for Teacher Analysis of Mathematical Model-Eliciting Activities Mathematical Model-Eliciting Activities

to ask questions of the group as well. The first outline was for the mini-golf activity. The students had to design a miniature golf course using specified shapes for the holes.The holes were not drawn to scale and the task required the students to scale up the holes and make them all the same scale in order to determine how to position them in the given area. All of the groups produced a letter and a miniature golf course layout on a poster board. The outline included the obstacles the group may have encountered on information about individuals’ prior performance mowing lawns. The students needed to aggregate the data statistically and determine which variables were relevant to the hiring question. She used the scoring guide during class as each group presented. She asked the first author to score using the rubrics as well and we discussed the scoring after school.
Hamilton dynamics for Lefschetz-thimble integration akin to the complex Langevin method

1. Introduction. The rst-principle approach to solve the theory is an ultimate goal of theoretical investigations. The quantum Monte Carlo simulation for the functional integral has been a powerful ab initio technique to reveal non-perturbative features of various phys- ical systems. Successful applications include the lattice-QCD (Quantum Chromodynamics) simulation, the lattice Hubbard model, the path integral representation of spin systems, etc. The Monte-Carlo algorithm is based on importance sampling, so it is demanded that the integrand should be positive semi-denite, i.e., e
The Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving maintenance renal replacement therapy are at higher risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection. The risk of TB infection in CKD patients not receiving dialysis is unknown. Aim: We conduct this study to test the hypothesis that TB infection is negatively correlated to renal function. Design: Non-dialysis CKD stage 1–5 patients, admitted in China Medical University Hospital from January of 2003 to May of 2014, were enrolled in this study and were prospectively followed up to the diagnosis of TB, death, loss to follow-up, or December 2014. The risk factors of TB infection were analyzed using competing-risks regression analysis with time-varying covariates. The initiation of dialysis and patients' death were considered as competing events. Patients' estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and body mass index (BMI) were recorded at enrollment. Results: They were followed-up for a median duration of 1.4 years. Of the 7221 patients, TB infection was identified in 114 patients. Higher eGFR was associated with lower risk of TB infection (P < 0.01). The adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (aSHR) was 0.82 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72 to 0.94] for every 5 ml/min/1.73 m2 increase in eGFR. In addition, higher BMI (p = 0.01) was associated with a lower risk of TB infection and the aSHR was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.98) for every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI. Conclusion: Renal function and body mass index are independently associated with the risk of tuberculosis infection in patients with chronic kidney disease not receiving dialysis.
High-precision spectra for dynamical Dark Energy cosmologies from constant-w models

Spanning the whole functional space of cosmologies with any admissible DE state equations w(a) seems a need, in view of forthcoming observations, namely those aiming to provide a tomography of cosmic shear. In this paper I show that this duty can be eased and that a suitable use of results for constant-w cosmologies can be sufficient. More in detail, I ``assign'' here six cosmologies, aiming to span the space of state equations w(a) = wo+wa(1−a), for wo and wa values consistent with WMAP5 and WMAP7 releases and run N-body simulations to work out their non-linear fluctuation spectra at various redshifts z. Such spectra are then compared with those of suitable auxiliary models, characterized by constant w. For each z a different auxiliary model is needed. Spectral discrepancies between the assigned and the auxiliary models, up to k 2–3 h Mpc−1, are shown to keep within 1 %. Quite in general, discrepancies are smaller at greater z and exhibit a specific trend across the wo and wa plane. Besides of aiming at simplifying the evaluation of spectra for a wide range of models, this paper also outlines a specific danger for future studies of the DE state equation, as models fairly distant on the w0-wa plane can be easily confused.
Coulomb Excitation of Cu-68, Cu-70 : First Use of Post-Accelerated Isomeric Beams

We report on the first low-energy Coulomb excitation measurements with radioactive Ipi=6- beams of odd-odd nuclei 68,70Cu. The beams were produced at ISOLDE, CERN and were post-accelerated by REX-ISOLDE to 2.83 MeV/nucleon. gamma rays were detected with the MINIBALL spectrometer. The 6- beam was used to study the multiplet of states (3-, 4-, 5-, 6-) arising from the pi2p3/2nu1g9/2 configuration. The 4- state of the multiplet was populated via Coulomb excitation and the B(E2;6--->4-) value was determined in both nuclei. The results obtained illustrate the fragile stability of the Z=28 shell and N=40 subshell closures. A comparison with large-scale shell-model calculations using the 56Ni core shows the importance of the proton excitations across the Z=28 shell gap to the understanding of the nuclear structure in the neutron-rich nuclei with N[approximate]40.
Lyα EMITTING GALAXIES AS EARLY STAGES IN GALAXY FORMATION,,

We present optical spectroscopy of two samples of Galaxy Evolution Explorer grism selected Lyα emitters (LAEs): one at z = 0.195–0.44 and the other at z = 0.65–1.25. We have also observed a comparison sample of galaxies in the same redshift intervals with the same UV magnitude distributions but with no detected Lyα. We use the optical spectroscopy to eliminate active galactic nuclei and to obtain the optical emission-line properties of the samples. We compare the luminosities of the LAEs in the two redshift intervals and show that there is dramatic evolution in the maximum Lyα luminosity over z = 0–1. Focusing on the z = 0.195–0.44 samples alone, we show that there are tightly defined relations between all of the galaxy parameters and the rest-frame equivalent width (EW) of Hα. The higher EW(Hα) sources all have lower metallicities, bluer colors, smaller sizes, and less extinction, consistent with their being in the early stages of the galaxy formation process. We find that 75% ± 12% of the LAEs have EW(Hα) >100 Å and, conversely, that 31% ± 13% of galaxies with EW(Hα) >100 Å are LAEs. We correct the broadband magnitudes for the emission-line contributions and use spectral synthesis fits to estimate the ages of the galaxies. We find a median age of 1.1 × 108 yr for the LAE sample and 1.4 × 109 yr for the UV-continuum sample without detected Lyα. The median metallicity of the LAE sample is 12 + log (O/H) = 8.24, or about 0.4 dex lower than the UV-continuum sample.
Laser radiation producing no interference speckle patterns

Approaches to the development of an incoherent laser are analysed. Implementation of such a laser on the basis of noise-like pulse generation is discussed. Fairly high stability of the average output power in such a regime leads to the contemplation of practical avenues to developing an incoherent laser relying on noise-like pulses. Implementation of such a laser on the basis of the fibre-optical platform further poses such requirements as all-fibre design using polarisation-maintaining fibre and adoption of alternatives to material-based saturable absorbers. Applications are demonstrated in which an incoherent laser—a radically new source of optical radiation—is a requirement. Laser layouts are shown, which are close to the desired layout of the incoherent laser.
FORCED FIELD EXTRAPOLATION OF THE MAGNETIC STRUCTURE OF THE Hα FIBRILS IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE

We present a careful assessment of forced field extrapolation using the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager magnetogram. We use several metrics to check the convergence property. The extrapolated field lines below 3600 km appear to be aligned with most of the Hα fibrils observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope. In the region where magnetic energy is far larger than potential energy, the field lines computed by forced field extrapolation are still consistent with the patterns of Hα fibrils while the nonlinear force-free field results show a large misalignment. The horizontal average of the lorentz force ratio shows that the forced region where the force-free assumption fails can reach heights of 1400–1800 km. The non-force-free state of the chromosphere is also confirmed based on recent radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations.