Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A body‐driven rail‐to‐rail 0.3 V operational transconductance amplifier exploiting current gain stages

This paper presents a novel topology of ultra‐low voltage (ULV) operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), which exploits several design techniques to achieve high efficiency, symmetrical slew rate, good linearity, and robustness in spite of ultra‐low voltage operation. Simulations in a commercial 130‐nm CMOS technology with 0.3‐V supply voltage show the best reported small‐signal figure‐of‐merit among 0.3‐V OTAs, with a dc gain of 56.2 dB, a unity‐gain frequency of 26.2 kHz over a 150‐pF load capacitor, and a power consumption of 139.5 nW. A symmetrical slew rate of about 3.2 V/ms is achieved, and results are consistent under process, supply voltage and temperature variations, and device mismatches.
Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle-Assisted Wireless Networks: Advancements, Challenges, and Solutions

The rapid development of communication and computing techniques enables unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide reliable and cost-effective wireless communication and computing services from the air. Compared to the conventional fixed infrastructure, UAVs have attractive attributes, such as high flexibility and operability, and, as a result, on-demand line-of-sight connection links. Therefore, UAV-assisted wireless networks have been envisioned as a promising paradigm to achieve enhanced coverage and connectivity for future wireless communications. Meanwhile, achieving high levels of energy efficiency, sensing, communication, and computing capacities, and security and privacy are critical to the success of UAV-assisted wireless networks. In order to improve the performance of UAV-assisted wireless networks, some frameworks and mechanisms have been developed in the past few years. In this article, we provide a comprehensive survey of these developments. Specifically, we conduct a brief overview for the architecture of UAV-assisted wireless networks from four domains (i.e., framework-related, technology-related, challenge-related, and solution-related) and four aspects (i.e., sensing-related, communication-related, computing-related, and application-related). Then, the integrated sensing, communication, and computing for UAV-assisted wireless networks is introduced, followed by the characteristics and requirements. We also provide the implementation and applications of UAV-assisted wireless networks. Next, we discuss the challenges and the state-of-the-art solutions for UAV-assisted wireless networks. Finally, the advanced technologies for UAV-assisted communication and computing networks are exploited, followed by the potential research directions.
The positron-hydrogen system in a six state model

Close coupling calculations of positron-hydrogen scattering using a six state model (H(1s, 2s, 2p), Ps(1s, 2s, 2p)) are completed for incident energies from zero to 4.0 Rydberg. The calculations are very comprehensive and all cross sections and phaseshifts for the e+-H(1s) entrance channels have been computed. The cross sections for positronium formation in the Ps(1s), Ps(2s) and Ps(2p) levels underestimate the latest experimental values. Cross sections are also computed for the Ps(1s)-p entrance channel, and these to our knowledge represent the first detailed calculation of the Ps(1s)-p scattering. Particular attention is paid to the cross sections for electron transfer since these are relevant to proposed experiments to form antihydrogen in sufficient quantities to perform spectroscopic experiments. Resonances are identified at incident positron energies both below and above the ionization threshold.
Adiabatic expansion for the single-mode laser

We carry out a systematic adiabatic elimination of the atomic degrees of freedom from the quantum-mechanical master equation for the single-mode laser. We represent the reduced density operator of the field mode by various quasiprobabilities and construct the respective equations of motion. The generators of infinitesimal time translations are obtained as series in powers of two parameters, the smallness of which defines the adiabatic limit. Our ''adiabatic'' expansion treats that part of the atom-field interaction as a zeroth-order effect which describes the action of the field on the atoms, while the reaction of the atoms is treated perturbatively. The adiabatic equilibrium thus assigned to the atomic variables at all times is a conditional one, contingent on the current state of the field mode. As a result, saturation effects in the atoms are fully accounted for in low orders of our expansion. In second order, especially, we obtain a Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner function of the field mode which is valid for arbitrary pump strengths below, near, and above threshold. We compare our results with those of previous theories.
Research into Digital Watermark Algorithm Based on Wavelet Domain

In this paper, the key research was focused on the algorithm based on wavelet domain after analyzing and comparing several watermark algorithms. Disperse Wave Transform(DWT) watermark and Disperse Cosine Transform(DCT) watermark are both belong to transform domain technology, and they have more robustness than spatial-temporal domain technology, and DWT is superior to DCT. DWT can use the spatial-frequency characteristics of Human Visual System, and Mosaic will not appear in reconstruct image. DWT also can use image fusion technology to disperse watermark into multiple scales of carrier data, and got more robustness. In this paper, watermark embedding based on wavelet domain in which raster data are carrier was performed, then extracting and detecting watermark were done. Experiment results show that digital watermark based on wavelet domain will get better invisibility and robustness, and can be used in following the data by digital fingerprint.
Grouping Rank Product Meta-Analysis Method for Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes in Microarray Experiments

One of the main purposes in analysis of microarray experiments is to identify differentially expressed genes under two experimental conditions. The Meta-analysis method, rank product meta-analysis approach, considered a powerful tool for identification of differentially expressed genes. However, rank product meta-analysis approach used the each dataset in the computation of the fold changes, which leaded to less computational efficiency. Here we modified the rank product meta-analysis approach to obtain an improved model for identifying different gene expression. The new model, grouping rank product approach, adds competitive classification of samples to group datasets before the computation of the fold changes. We used the grouping rank product approach on two simulated datasets and two breast datasets and showed that the grouping rank product approach is not only as accurate as the rank product meta-analysis approach, but also more computational efficient in identifying differentially expressed genes.
Amperometric Biosensor Strip With Carbon Nanotube and Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase

We propose an amperometric biosensor strip for the detection of ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in serum. The biosensor strip has a small volume ( $\approx 2 ~\mu \text{L}$ ) capillary chamber. The working electrode consists of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 3HB dehydrogenase (3HBDH). The CNTs are dispersed in aqueous media with sodium cholate (SC) surfactant and mixed with HBDH solution. Ultraviolet–visible, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that the CNTs were well dispersed in aqueous solution. Any type of CNT enhances the current owing to an enzymatic reaction without an electron transfer mediator. A small amount of HBDH/CNT solution is dipped into a small-area (1.5 mm2) electrode and sealed with a coversheet to make the reaction chamber. The sensor can detect 3HB in human serum within the range of 0.05–4.4 mM, which can cover physiological use. The response time is 15 s.
GP-Aligner: Unsupervised Groupwise Nonrigid Point Set Registration Based on Optimizable Group Latent Descriptor

In this article, we propose a novel unsupervised method named GP-Aligner to address the problem of groupwise nonrigid point set registration. Compared to previous nonlearning-based approaches, the proposed method gains competitive advantages by leveraging deep neural networks to effectively and efficiently align a large number of highly deformed 3-D shapes with superior performance. Unlike most learning-based methods that use an explicit feature encoding network to extract per-shape features and their correlations, our model leverages a model-free learnable latent descriptor to characterize shape correlations among groups. More specifically, for a given group, we first define an optimizable group latent descriptor (GLD) to characterize the relationship among a group of point sets. Each GLD is randomly initialized from a Gaussian distribution and then concatenated with the coordinates of each point of the associated point sets in the group. A neural network-based decoder network is further constructed to predict the coherent flow fields to optimally deform the input groups of shapes to the aligned ones. During the optimization process, GP-Aligner jointly updates all GLDs and weight parameters of the decoder network toward the minimization of an unsupervised groupwise alignment loss. After optimization, for each group, our model coherently drives each point set toward a mean position (shape) without specifying one as the target. GP-Aligner does not require large-scale training data for network training, and it can directly align groups of point sets in a one-stage optimization process. GP-Aligner shows both accuracy and computational efficiency improvement in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods for groupwise point set registration. Moreover, GP-Aligner exhibits high efficiency in aligning a large number of groups of real-world 3-D shapes.
Magnetopause inflation under radial IMF: Comparison of models

The solar wind with the radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) flowing around the Earth's magnetosphere can result in significant decrease of a total pressure in the magnetosheath that was directly observed by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites. Observations also showed that the dayside magnetosphere enlarged and the magnetopause inflated far away from the Earth that differs from the classical hydrodynamic case. Full understanding of the magnetosphere interaction with such “radial” flow, is far from completeness. One of the reasons is a quantitative uncertainty in description of this effect. We have performed a comparative analysis of 14 magnetopause models in order to estimate their prediction capabilities under various solar wind pressures and in particular under very low pressures during the time intervals of quasi‐radial IMF orientation. We have found that only 4 out of 14 models allow predicting the magnetopause under extremely low pressures and, hence, can be useful for quantitative estimation of the magnetopause expansion under quasi‐radial IMF orientation. Those models are characterized by relatively large power index α in the pressure balance; that is, α = 1/5.2 ≈ 0.192 for 3 out of 4 models.
THE PLUTO-CHARON SYSTEM AS REVEALED DURING THE MUTUAL EVENTS

This year is the last of a five-year interval when the Earth passes through the orbital plane of Pluto and its satellite Charon, causing alternate transits and occultations of the satellite as seen from Earth. Spectrophotometric observations of the system made both in and out of eclipse have been obtained in the visual and near-infrared. The Pluto-Charon system is found to be compositionally diverse, a result unanticipated before the mutual events. Water frost has been identified and is ubiquitous on the surface of Charon, while Pluto has a methane veneer. The spectral activity of the methane of Pluto is seen to vary with rotational phase, i.e., planetary longitude. On Pluto, surface albedo appears to be correlated with composition. Dark regions tend to be redder and depleted in methane relative to bright regions. Dependence of geometric albedo with wavelength has been calculated for both bodies, from 0.4 to 2.4 pan. The albedo model of Marcialis (1983, 1988) has emerged favorably after several severe tests. Accurate radii and system bulk density derived from the mutual events have been used to construct models of phenomena a decade ago. The gravity of Charon is feeble enough that it could have shed a substantial primordial methane inventory to space and to Pluto, thereby explaining its different surface composition and lower albedo. Recent interior models are used to show that viscous relaxation of topography is expected to be significant on Pluto but not on Charon. Horizontal topographic the primary probably are limited extent less a few tens of kilometers (or are geologically much for Triton. the
Stem cells mobilization by cardiopulmonary bypass after coronary artery bypass grafting

Introduction Expression of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells occurs as a result of an inflammatory reaction caused by a damaged organ. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are exposed to an inflammatory reaction, which may be a trigger in the mobilization of regenerative cells. Aim To assess the impact of CPB on stem and progenitor cells mobilization in patients scheduled for CABG. Material and methods Twenty patients with stable coronary disease, who were scheduled for CABG, were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were collected perioperatively: 2 h before surgery, before CPB, at CPB weaning, 24 h postoperatively, and on the 6th postoperative day. Analyses of immune-labelled cells were carried out on an ImageStream (IS) system. Results The following cell populations were identified during cardiac surgery: haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), mesenchymal cells (MSC), endothelial progenitors (EPC), and very small embryonic-like cells (VSEL). The profile of cell mobilization coincides with the perioperative inflammatory response. Mobilization of stem and progenitor cells induced by CPB did not occur in any of the isolated cell lines (p > 0.05). The expression profile of stem and progenitor cells was related with the inflammatory reaction associated with traumatic stress in all cell lines. Type 2 diabetes is a disease that is hampering the trend of MSC mobilization. Conclusions Mobilization of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was not related with CPB. The inflammatory reaction was associated with perioperative trauma. Cell release was inhibited in patients with diabetes.
Association between Changes in Protein Intake and Risk of Cognitive Impairment: A Prospective Cohort Study

Little is known about the role of change in protein intake in affecting cognitive function among older adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the associations between the change in protein intake from various food groups and cognitive impairment among older adults in a prospective cohort study. A total of 6951 participants without cognitive impairment or dementia were included in this study. The frequency of protein intake from various food groups was measured by a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable Cox hazard models with time as the underlying time metric applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the 37,535 person-years of follow-up, 1202 (17.3%) participants developed cognitive impairment. The improvement in overall protein intake was negatively associated with cognitive impairment with multivariable-adjusted HR of 0.98 (95% CI = 0.97–0.99). Compared with participants with stable change, those with an extreme decline in animal-based protein intake had a 48% higher risk of cognitive impairment. The associations of changes in protein from six food groups with cognitive impairment were in a similar direction to the main result. Protective associations between improving protein intake and a reduced risk of cognitive impairment were observed.
Windowing of wide-band ultrasound transducers

A high performance ultrasound imaging system requires precise control of the amplitude of the elements in its aperture, as well as the time delays between them. The authors describe results in imaging with and without such apodizing, and describe a method for controlling channel amplitude which preserves the autonomy between channels characteristic of digital beamformers. As part of the study, the authors investigate how the classical results on windowing transfer to a high-bandwidth system such as an ultrasound scanner. The algorithm allows the array to be dynamically windowed while its aperture grows in proportion to the time after a transmit excitation. Linear and curved arrays, where the phase center changes with beam position, are also accommodated. A surprisingly versatile system is needed to provide a satisfactory apodizing function in all cases. The simulations from a bit-level model of the VLSI implementation of the algorithm show its value in improving beam quality.
Detection of Neutral Gas in the Central Galaxy of the Centaurus Cluster

We describe the detection of neutral gas within the central galaxy of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies, NGC 4696. The detection is in the form of sodium D absorption, against the background stellar emission. The gas is clearly associated with the compact emission filament system and dust lane in the central 20'' of the galaxy; it shares the same velocity field as the emission-line gas, the absorption line strength correlates with the amount of extinction due to dust, and the equivalent width of narrow absorption features is related to the emission-line strength. The quantitative relationship between absorption line strength and extinction is compared with Galactic ratios. The strength of sodium absorption is large for the typical E(B-V) observed, although similar to what is found in external spiral galaxies. Several possibilities may account for this, including larger internal random motions than are present in the Galactic ISM, higher gas-to-dust ratio than Galactic, or a higher neutral fraction of sodium in NGC 4696. The observations imply a common origin for the warm and neutral components, which may be a merger.
Magnetic excitations in the one-dimensional Heisenberg–Ising model with external fields and their experimental realizations

The one dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, a prototype quantum many-body system, has been intensively studied for many years. In this review, after a short introduction on some basic concepts of group theory for the octahedral group, a detailed pedagogical framework is laid down to derive the low-energy effective Hamiltonian for the Co-based materials. The 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model is obtained when applying the analysis to quasi-1D antiferromagnetic materials BaCo2V2O8 and SrCo2V2O8 . After the preparation, we review the theoretical progresses of a variety of novel magnetic excitations and emergent physics in the 1D spin-1/2 Heisenberg–Ising model, and further summarize their recent experimental realizations.
Pitch Axis Control for a Guided Projectile in a Wind Tunnel Hardware-in-the-Loop Setup

This paper details the design of a pitch axis autopilot for an 80 mm fin-stabilized, canard-guided projectile and its validation on a hardware-in-the-loop test setup. This setup is built around an autonomous projectile prototype, which is installed in the test section of a wind tunnel by the means of a 3-degrees-of-freedom gimbaled structure. The autopilot design is based on a family of linearized dynamic models of the projectile, whose parameters were estimated from experimental data. Several control approaches are considered. Using the H∞ robust control framework, a full-order disturbance rejection controller is designed, taking into account the limited actuator dynamics. A fixed-order, fixed-structure controller of lower complexity with the same performance objective is also designed, using a nonsmooth H∞ technique. The tracking performance of these controllers is improved with the addition of a feedforward controller. A final approach considers the disturbance rejection and reference tracking as a mul.
Adjusting for missing record linkage in outcome studies

Record linkage databases have been increasingly available and used in pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomic and outcome studies, where the relationship between drug exposure or intervention and outcome is the main concern. Sometimes the linkage between outcome data and exposure data may be missing so that only a proportion of patients in the outcome database can be linked to other databases. This paper proposes maximum likelihood (ML) and GEE procedures to obtain consistent estimates of parameters in the model relating the outcome and risk factors. Asymptotic variances of the estimates were derived for the situation where the missing rate is estimated from the same dataset. We show that using the estimated missing rate, rather than the known missing rate, may result in more accurate estimates of the parameters. The confidence interval of the predicted occurrence rate, when the missing rate was estimated, was derived. Simulations for different scenarios were performed in order to explore the small-sample behaviour of the ML procedure using the estimated missing rate. The results confirmed the greater efficiency of using the estimated missing rate instead of the true one for large sample sizes. However, this may not be true for small samples. The ML procedure was applied to an analysis of coronary artery bypass operations in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Understanding Philosophies of Higher Education between Countries in China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Analysis of University Mottos Based on Natural Language Processing Technology

University mottos have been demonstrated to convey educational philosophies, but few studies have investigated the educational philosophies reflected by university mottos from countries along the “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) route, with applying the analytical approaches like text mining and natural language processing (NLP). This present investigation constructed a database of university mottos from 1,535 universities in 61 countries along the OBOR route and applied NLP technology to explore the similarities and differences of educational philosophies among the universities along the OBOR route. Methods of NLP used in this article included text mining, cluster analysis, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model. The social network analysis (SNA) model was used to further analyze the interconnection and exchange of educational philosophies expressed through university mottos. Based on the five identified topic categories, we concluded that countries along the OBOR route have the same basic educational philosophy for higher education but have different emphases due to cultural differences, such as the different emphases on virtue education, collectivism, and individualism. Education for sustainability is another focus of higher education philosophy reflected by the topic categories of university mottos, which is consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, for example, quality education. In addition to demonstrating the BRI impact on educational philosophies of countries along the OBOR route, this present investigation could also contribute to the growing body of knowledge about international cooperation and communication of higher education under the framework of BRI, for a globalized, shared and sustainable education in the post-COVID era.