Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of the widespread A149P hereditary fructose intolerance mutation with newly identified sequence polymorphisms in the aldolase B gene.

Hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) is a potentially fatal autosomal recessive disease resulting from the catalytic deficiency of fructose 1-phosphate aldolase (aldolase B) in fructose-metabolizing tissues. The A149P mutation in exon 5 of the aldolase B gene, located on chromosome 9q21.3-q22.2, is widespread and the most common HFI mutation, accounting for 57% of HFI chromosomes. The possible origin of this mutation was studied by linkage to polymorphisms within the aldolase B gene. DNA fragments of the aldolase B gene containing the polymorphic marker loci from HFI patients homozygous for the A149P allele were amplified by PCR. Absolute linkage to a common PvuII RFLP allele was observed in 10 A149P homozygotes. In a more informative study, highly heterozygous polymorphisms were detected by direct sequence determination of a PCR-amplified aldolase B gene fragment. Two two-allele, single-base-pair polymorphisms, themselves in absolute linkage disequilibrium, in intron 8 (C at nucleotide 84 and A at nucleotide 105, or T at 84 and G at 105) of the aldolase B gene were identified. Mendelian segregation of these polymorphisms was confirmed in three families. Allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridizations with probes for both sequence polymorphisms showed that 47% of 32 unrelated individuals were heterozygous at these loci; the calculated PIC value was . 37. Finally, ASO hybridizations of PCR-amplified DNA from 15 HFI patients homozygous for the A149P allele with probes for these sequence polymorphisms revealed absolute linkage disequilibrium between the A149P mutation and the 84T/105G allele. These results are consistent with a single origin of the A149P allele and subsequent spread by genetic drift.
A new framework for generating optimal March tests for memory arrays

Given a set of memory array faults the problem of computing an optimal March test that detects all specified memory array faults is addressed. In this paper, we propose a novel approach in which every memory army fault is modeled by a set of primitive memory faults. A primitive March test is defined for each primitive memory fault. We show that March tests that detect the specified memory array faults are composed of primitive March tests. A method to compute the optimal March tests for the specified memory array faults is described. A set of examples to illustrate the approach is presented.
The role of value systems in decision making.

Values, rewards, and costs play a central role in economic, statistical, and psychological notions of decision making. They also have surprisingly direct neural realizations. This chapter discusses the ways in which different value systems interact with different decision-making systems to fashion and shape affectively appropriate behavior in complex environments. Forms of deliberative and automatic decision making are interpreted as sharing a common purpose rather than serving different or non-normative goals.
Best path selection in a multi-relay node system under the concept of cognitive radio

The main purpose in this work is to enhance relay technique in underlay cognitive radio scheme through estimating the best path between the secondary source and the secondary destination under the power interference constraint of the primary user. A protocol is proposed based on the cooperation process between the secondary relay nodes in the system in order to establish the best path at low complexity without exceeding the interference threshold of the primary user. Performance analyses, through simulation, of the suggested protocol shows great enhancement in network outage probability when compared with direct path model and one relay node based-model.
Growth of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria on agar media: effects of media composition, storage conditions, and reduction under anaerobic conditions

The quantitative growth, the colony size, and the rate of growth of 47 clinical anaerobic isolates were compared on five different media, namely Brucella agar, brain heart infusion agar, Columbia agar, Schaedler agar, and tryptic soy agar. There was no significant difference in the quantitative growth of the anaerobes inoculated onto the five media. Although no single medium was superior for the growth of all isolates, 12 of 22 isolates, inoculated onto media stored for 4 weeks or less, grew best on Schaedler agar. The effects of supplementation of the media with reducing agents and reduction of the media before use were also analyzed and were found to be affected by the composition and length of storage of the media, as well as the bacteria tested.
1,6-Dimethyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4H-pyrido(1,2-a)- pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (Ch-127) protects against the intestinal damage in rats caused by two weeks' daily administration of indomethacin.

1,6-Dimethyl-4-oxo-1,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-4H-pyrido 1,2-a pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (Ch-127) significantly inhibited the intestinal ulceration induced by a single dose of indomethacin (15 mg/kg p.o.). Moreover, indomethacin produced 75% lethality in the dose of 3.5 mg/kg p.o. administered daily for 2 weeks. The concurrent daily administration of Ch-127 (50 mg/kg p.o. +25 mg/kg s.c.) with indomethacin prevented the gastrointestinal mucosa from histologically detectable changes, and none of the animals died. The 80% lethality following the daily administration of naproxen (60 mg/kg p.o.) for two weeks was also significantly decreased by combining it with Ch-127 (50 mg/kg p.o.).
This is Your Brain on Music: Understanding a Human Obsession

This is the first book to offer a comprehensive explanation of how humans experience music and to unravel the mystery of our perennial love affair with it. Using musical examples from Bach to the Beatles, Levitin reveals the role of music in human evolution, shows how our musical preferences begin to form even before we are born and explains why music can offer such an emotional experience.Music is an obsession at the heart of human nature, even more fundamental to our species than language. In "This Is Your Brain On Music" Levitin offers nothing less than a new way to understand it, and its role in human life.
Evaluation of cervical lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have contributed to the ability to identify metastatic disease in head and neck Cancer, inadequacies in evaluating lymphadenopathy still exist. This study was undertaken to estimate the accuracy of radiological criteria used to detect cervical lymph node metastases. The morphological characteristics of 957 lymph nodes from 36 neck dissections from patients with squamous cell Cancer were examined microscopically. A large number of malignant nodes were found to have diameters of less than 10 mm. Extranodal spread also occurred in a substantial percentage of smaller nodes. Because the present radiological criteria for assessing cervical lymph node Status are based largely on size, findings indicate major limitations in the capabilities of detecting metastatic disease. New modalities to improve the Staging of head and neck Cancer are discussed.
A waveguide embedded 250 GHz quasi-optical frequency-tripler array

A waveguide embedded 250 GHz HBV-varactor quasi-optical multiplier array is presented. The module utilizes a mechanically compact and simple shim system, combining the large array power handling capability with the convenience of waveguide interfaced circuits. At the same time this approach offers excellent power and frequency scalability. The current tripler prototype produces a non saturated output power of 8 mW at 248 GHz during initial measurements at medium pump power.
Results from an integrated AOTF-LDTOF spectrometer suite for planetary surfaces

On future landed missions to Mars and small solar system bodies, efficient sample prescreening will be necessary to select interesting targets for further analysis by analytical instruments with very limited time and power resources. Near infrared spectroscopy is well suited for rapid and non-invasive identification of mineral classes, and for determining the possible presence of organic molecules. Here we describe a miniature acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) point spectrometer that is tunable from ~1.6 - 3.6 μm. It identifies minerals associated with aqueous environments at sample scales of ~1 mm, as well as organic molecules and volatiles. The AOTF point spectrometer was integrated with a laser desorption time-of-flight (LDTOF) mass spectrometer developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and can be used to prescreen samples for evidence of organics before the laser desorption step and subsequent mass spectrometer measurement. The LDTOF mass spectrometer provides pulsed-laser desorption and analysis of refractory organic compounds up to 150,000 Da on a spatial scale of 50-100 μm, determined by the laser spot size at the target. The recent integration of the two instruments allowed for coincident spectral measurements of geologic samples; follow-up measurements from the LDTOF were taken from an identical region on the samples of interest, allowing for a direct comparison between the two complementary data sets. We present measurements of a standard sample suite consisting of sulfates, carbonates, clay minerals, and iron oxides. We also compare AOTF and LDTOF spectra of calcite, as well as gypsum doped with phthalic acid and valine, and discuss the relationship between reflectance spectra acquired by the AOTF and the LDTOF mass spectra. Finally, we discuss measurements made of irradiated ices such as those found in areas of high astrobiological interest like Europa.
Version Control Systems

Classic centralized Version Control Systems have proven that they can accelerate and simplify the software development process, but one must also consider distributed systems in this analysis. What features can distributed Version Control Systems offer and why are they interesting? This paper describes the general concepts of the centralized and the distributed approaches, how Concurrent Versions System, Subversion and Git implement these concepts.
Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Rabbits

ABSTRACT The ability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) to infect small animal species may be restricted given the fact that mice, ferrets, and hamsters were shown to resist MERS-CoV infection. We inoculated rabbits with MERS-CoV. Although virus was detected in the lungs, neither significant histopathological changes nor clinical symptoms were observed. Infectious virus, however, was excreted from the upper respiratory tract, indicating a potential route of MERS-CoV transmission in some animal species.
Exposure to systemic prednisolone for 4 hours reduces ex vivo synthesis of GM‐CSF by bronchoalveolar lavage cells and blood mononuclear cells of mild allergic asthmatics

In acute severe asthma, the earliest clinical effects of glucocorticosteroids occur from 4 to 5 h after systemic administration, but the mechanisms are unclear. In persistent asthma, corticosteroids are thought to suppress airway inflammation by modulating the expression of adhesion molecules, enzymes, and leucotactic cytokines, including granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). GM‐CSF is also overexpressed in the airways of symptomatic asthmatics.
Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang Protects Rats from Cardiac Damages Induced by Metabolic Disorder by Improving Inflammation-Mediated Insulin Resistance

Huang-lian-jie-du-tang (HLJDT), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to improve insulin resistance (IR) induced by inflammation, a key event in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of HLJDT on MS and explore the underlying mechanism. MS rats were established with obese-diets and treated with normal saline, aspirin or HLJDT. The myocardial lesions were identified by echocardiogram, transmission electron microscope, and Sirius-red staining. The inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR. The activation of NF-κB, JNK, SOCS3, IRS1 and AKT in the heart was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Compared with the controls, MS rats developed obvious obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, IR, inflammation, and cardiac damage. Moreover, phosphorylated IRS-1 at Ser307 was correlated with the activation of NF-κB, JNK and SOCS3 and the inhibition of AKT in the heart from MS rats. These data suggest that serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in response to inflammation is mediated, in part, by NF-κB, JNK and SOCS3. Notably, HLJDT inhibited the activation of NF-κB and reduced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. In summary, HLJDT protects myocardium from IR-mediated injury by inhibiting serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in MS rats.
The Implication for Organisation and Governance Through User-Drivern Standardisation of Semantic Interoperable Electronic Patient Record Systems

The increased demand for more effective sharing of healthcare information to support complex patient pathways crossing organisational boundaries calls for semantic interoperable process-oriented Electronic Patient Record (EPR) systems. It follows the need for common standards to ensure that information is understood and interpreted consistently across various contexts. A considerable body of literature has demonstrated that standardisation within healthcare has proven difficult to achieve. Moreover, standardisation processes have traditionally had a top-down approach, for which little attention has been paid to users’ work practices. The many failures of standardisation efforts have put focus into alternative standardisation strategies, in which one promising method is promoted through the emerging openEHR approach for standardising the content of the EPRs. A network of voluntary clinical users should have a prominent role in standardisation processes and running the process in a distributed and negotiated manner over the Internet. In this paper, we seek to give empirical insight regarding the evolving process of developing and implementing a sematic interoperable EPR system based on the openEHR framework, and the implication for organisation and governance addressed by the evolving process. We analyse the case through an information infrastructure perspective, and claim that user-driven standardisation of semantic interoperable EPR systems has to be supported by a multi-level organisational infrastructure, in addition to governance organisations that make decisions and monitor results and performances at different healthcare levels. The organisational and governance infrastructure has to be established simultaneously, but preferably, in advance of new development projects. Empirically, we have followed the interplay between the developing process of an EPR system based on the openEHR approach and a government-led establishment of an archetype repository.
Sentiment Analysis of Chinese Micro-Blog Based on Classification and Rich Features

With the development of the Web2.0, micro-blogs gradually become a common essential part of the public life. The reviews in the micro-blogs have huge hidden value. Many machine learning approaches have been used to solve sentiment analysis. However, the features used in existing researches are still not enough. To improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis, in this paper, we use a classification approach to solve two tasks of sentiment analysis: identifying opinion sentence and judging sentiment polarity of the emotional sentence. And we incorporate five kinds of features: sentiment lexicons-based features, N-POS(part of speech combination)-based features, pattern-based features, special symbols-based features and length-based features to train seven classifiers and compare their performance. Experimental result shows that Random Forest classifier achieves the best performance.
ENSEMBLE-BASED TIME SERIES DATA CLUSTERING FOR HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATA

The time series clustering analysis provides an effective way to discover the intrinsic structure. In most of the time, the series of data mining algorithms uses similarity search as the core subroutine, and hence the time taken for similarity search becomes complicated, due to the large data sets. In this paper, we have developed an approach for clustering the temporal data via the ensemble of cluster weight for multiple partitions developed by initial clustering analysis on two types of representations. Ini- tially, time series data sets are converted into representations in which each partition is used to reduce the dimension and subsequently, the clustering algorithm is applied. The different types of weight algorithms are applied to each of the representation. By consid- ering the weight and the representation matrix, we develop thenal clustering. Finally the experimentations are carried out on the time series data sets, and the simulation results demonstrate that our approach gives the desired results in clustering analysis of time series data. Keywords: Representations, Time series data, Representation clustered matrix, Wei- ghted consensus function, Fuzzy- C-means (FCM), Kernel function, Temporal data clus- tering
Application of phosphoramidate pronucleotide technology to abacavir leads to a significant enhancement of antiviral potency.

We report the first application of pronucleotide (ProTide) technology to the antiviral agent abacavir (Ziagen), used for the treatment of HIV infection. The phenylmethoxyalaninyl phosphoramidate of abacavir was prepared in good yield in one step. Also prepared was the corresponding phosphoramidate of the guanine nucleoside analogue "carbovir". The antiviral profile of each of the parent nucleosides was compared to that of the phosphoramidate ProTides. A significant (28- to 60-fold) increase in anti-HIV potency was noted for the ProTide of abacavir but not for that of carbovir. These findings were in agreement with the markedly higher (ca. 37-fold) levels of carbovir triphosphate that are formed in CEM cells upon response to the abacavir ProTide compared with the parent abacavir compound. In contrast the anti-HBV potency of both abacavir and carbovir were improved (10- and 20-fold, respectively) by ProTide formation. As in CEM cells, the abacavir ProTide provided significantly enhanced carbovir triphosphate levels in HepG2 2.2. 15 cells over that of the parent nucleoside. On the basis of these data, a series of phosphoramidate analogues with structural variation in the ester and amino acid regions were prepared and their antiviral profiles described. In addition, the pharmacokinetic disposition of the abacavir phenylethoxyalaninyl phosphoramidate was evaluated in Cynomolgus monkeys.
High-quality Speech Translation for Language Learning

In this paper, we describe a translation framework aimed at achieving high-quality speech translation within restricted conversational domains. Towards this goal, we developed an interlingua-based approach, in which a generation-based method is augmented with an examplebased method to improve system robustness, even with imperfect inputs due to speech recognition errors. The framework is integrated into a dialogue-based language tutoring system, to provide immediate translation assistance to students during the dialogue interaction. We evaluated the translation quality within a weather information domain configured for native English speakers practicing Mandarin Chinese. We achieved perfect or acceptable translations for 94.3% of the manual transcriptions of a test set of 695 spoken queries, and 90.2% on automatic speech recognition outputs.
Fast Wavelet Thresholding Algorithms for Face Image Inpainting

Wavelet iteration inpainting has been well known as an important method of image inpainting, which usually requires a lot of iterations. There are some fast algorithm can be used in image inpainting. A Fast Iterative Shrinkage Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA) was introduced to carry out our face image inpainting. Compared with the standard iterative thresholding algorithm, this algorithm is more effective. The numerical experiments show that our algorithms can improve the convergence of the algorithm. In addition, we proposed a new dynamic threshold strategy and got a better restoration quality.
Hot microscopic areas of iodine‐deficient euthyroid goitres contain constitutively activating TSH receptor mutations

Constitutively activating TSH receptor mutations have been established as the most common molecular basis for the pathogenesis of toxic thyroid nodules. These mutations result in uncontrolled signalling through the TSH receptor that is likely to cause hyperfunction and proliferation. The incidence of toxic multinodular goitres has been demonstrated to be related to iodine deficiency. Moreover, scintigraphically autonomous areas are found in 40% of euthyroid goitres from iodine‐deficient areas. To investigate the molecular cause of these autonomous areas, small autoradiographically hot areas were examined for somatic TSH receptor mutations using archival tissue sections from 14 patients with euthyroid goitres, which had been originally prepared nearly 20 years ago. All patients had received 125I 17 h preoperatively for the autoradiographic investigation of their thyroid. Areas with high and low 125I‐labelling on autoradiography sections were collected separately either from serial paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, or Eukitt‐embedded tissue sections containing the autoradiograph. After genomic DNA extraction, the transmembrane segment of the TSH receptor was PCR‐amplified and directly sequenced. Somatic TSH receptor mutations were identified in areas with high 125I‐labelling in four patients: A623I, L629P, F631L, and T632I. This is the first evidence that TSH receptor mutations occur in microscopic areas with increased 125I‐labelling in euthyroid goiters and it suggests that TSH receptor mutations in these areas confer the potential to develop into toxic thyroid nodules. It is therefore very likely that toxic thyroid nodules originate from small autonomous areas in iodine‐deficient euthyroid goitres that contain a TSH receptor mutation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.