Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced rank regression using GMM

Since the mid eighties, alongside the literature arising on GMM, a large number of papers emerged on cointegration as well. This is due to the fact that cointegration models combine two features which many economic time series possess, i.e., random walk individual behavior and stationary linear combinations of multiple series. Cointegration models are essentially linear models with reduced rank parameters. The reduced forms of the traditional simultaneous equation models have also this reduced rank property (see Hausman [1983]). The estimation techniques used in cointegration and simultaneous equation models are therefore very similar. Maximum likelihood estimators for both models use, for example, canonical correlations, (see Anderson and Rubin [1949] and Johansen [1991]), and maximum likelihood reduced rank regression therefore amounts to the use of canonical correlations and vectors. This chapter shows that GMM reduced rank regression amounts to the use of two stage least squares (2SLS) estimators. The asymptotic properties of the 2SLS estimators used in simultaneous equation models are in general identical to the properties of maximum likelihood estimators (see, for example, Phillips [1983]). This chapter shows that this also holds for cointegration models. Furthermore, the GMM objective function has asymptotic properties which are identical to a likelihood ratio statistic for cointegration, the Johansen trace statistic ( Johansen [1991]), and it can thus be used in a similar way. The similarities between GMM and maximum likelihood estimators in reduced rank models are therefore quite large. The GMM, however, also allows for the derivation of the asymptotic properties in the more complex reduced rank models, which is not true for the maximum likelihood estimators.
Harmonic generation by one-dimensional systems

The authors consider harmonic generation by one-dimensional systems and low frequency periodic electric fields; they provide a detailed description of the classical dynamics of an arbitrary system, but treat the quantal dynamics in less detail indicating only those regions where the two dynamics either produce similar results or are quite different. They express the Hamiltonian in an adiabatic representation, which has the correct limit as the field frequency tends to zero; this enables them to show that for very low frequency fields the classical and quantal mechanisms of harmonic generation are the same. The non-adiabatic correction terms may manifest themselves in different manners according to whether a classical or a quantal description is used. In the classical case, they provide an analytic description of the motion of an arbitrary system valid for fields which do not ionize the system and have sufficiently low frequency; they apply this theory to a one-dimensional hydrogen atom. In the quantal case we provide a more approximate description. The results, which are system independent, explain many features of extant numerical calculations.
Differential spectral attenuation measurements at microwaves in a LEO-LEO satellites radio occultation geometry: a novel approach for limiting scintillation effects in tropospheric water vapor measurements

The DSA (Differential Spectral Attenuation) approach, presented in a companion paper in this conference's proceedings, has the potential to provide the total content of water vapor (IWV, Integrated Water Vapor) along the propagation path between two Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. The interest towards the DSA, based on the ratio of simultaneous measurements of the total attenuation at two relatively close frequencies in the K-Ku bands, was moved by the need for limiting the effects of tropopheric scintillation and by the fact that DSA measurements are highly correlated to the IWV along the LEO-LEO link. However, the impact of tropospheric scintillation in a LEO-LEO radio occultation geometry using frequencies above 10 GHz still has to be thoroughly investigated. In this paper we focus on the analysis of such effects, taking into account the fact that the formulations presented in the literature have to be modified in order to fit the specific problem under consideration. Specifically, an expression is derived for the variances of the amplitude and phase fluctuations of the wave, their spectrum and the correlation between fluctuations at different frequencies. In particular, the latter is extremely useful to evaluate the potential of the DSA approach through simulations whose results are reported in the last part of the paper.
Pulsed Supermagnetron Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride Films

Pulsed supermagnetron plasma was applied to the deposition of hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx:H) films. The range of upper/lower electrode rf powers (UPRF/LORF) was selected as 0–800/0–800 W, and films were deposited using i-C4H10/N2 plasma. Phase-controlled rf power (13.56 MHz) was modulated by a 2.5 kHz pulse frequency. The range of duty ratios for the pulsed rf power range was selected as 12.5–100%. With a decrease in duty ratio, the wafer temperature decreased as the pulsed plasma-discharge time decreased. The optical band gap decreased slightly with an increase in duty ratio. At a duty ratio of 12.5%, the optical band gap decreased significantly with an increase in LORF. The nitrogen atom concentrations of the films were less than 9%, and hard a-CNx:H films of approximately 35 GPa were obtained at a LORF of 50 W, independent of UPRF.
Toward Early and Objective Hand Osteoarthritis Detection by Using EMG during Grasps

The early and objective detection of hand pathologies is a field that still requires more research. One of the main signs of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) is joint degeneration, which causes loss of strength, among other symptoms. HOA is usually diagnosed with imaging and radiography, but the disease is in an advanced stage when HOA is observable by these methods. Some authors suggest that muscle tissue changes seem to occur before joint degeneration. We propose recording muscular activity to look for indicators of these changes that might help in early diagnosis. Muscular activity is often measured using electromyography (EMG), which consists of recording electrical muscle activity. The aim of this study is to study whether different EMG characteristics (zero crossing, wavelength, mean absolute value, muscle activity) via collection of forearm and hand EMG signals are feasible alternatives to the existing methods of detecting HOA patients’ hand function. We used surface EMG to measure the electrical activity of the dominant hand’s forearm muscles with 22 healthy subjects and 20 HOA patients performing maximum force during six representative grasp types (the most commonly used in ADLs). The EMG characteristics were used to identify discriminant functions to detect HOA. The results show that forearm muscles are significantly affected by HOA in EMG terms, with very high success rates (between 93.3% and 100%) in the discriminant analyses, which suggest that EMG can be used as a preliminary step towards confirmation with current HOA diagnostic techniques. Digit flexors during cylindrical grasp, thumb muscles during oblique palmar grasp, and wrist extensors and radial deviators during the intermediate power–precision grasp are good candidates to help detect HOA.
Supernova remnant revolution in an inhomogeneous medium. I - Numerical models

The first numerical simulations of supernova remnant evolution in an inhomogeneous gas are presented. Evolution in the lowest density substrate (the intercloud) is assumed to be spherically symmetric with a large intercloud filling factor and many dense regions (clouds) within the remnant; however, mass momentum and energy transfer between cloud and intercloud are included and the position and morphology of individual clouds tracked. Evolution is considered in several different models of the interstellar medium, both those in which the intercloud gas is diffuse (0.001 to 0.01/cu cm) and those in which it is relatively dense (n approximately 0.3/cu cm) under a variety of assumptions about the efficiency of thermal evaporation from the clouds into the intercloud medium.
Sharing of cultural values and heritage through storytelling in the digital age

Introduction Sharing cultural values in this digital age for young generations who are digital natives is highly important and, in this respect, the aims of this study are to evaluate experts’ opinions on sharing cultural values in this digital age based on their experience, the roles of educators and families with respect to the sharing of cultural values through storytelling in the digital age, and also capture how cultural values can be explained with metaphors. Methods A focus group interview was conducted with teachers and vice headmasters from public primary and secondary schools in the Northern part of Cyprus within the age range of 30-50 years that are considered to be experts based on their 10 years and above of teaching experience. Data were analyzed through line-by-line coding to create themes. Results Findings revealed that cultural values are eroding, and in sharing cultural values with storytelling in the digital age, the roles of educators and families are essential. Cultural values are the treasures and mirrors of society that should be preserved and transmitted to the younger generations and this can be accomplished through participation in digital platforms, and when such participatory cultural heritage projects are planned with a community-oriented background and human-centered computing concentration. Discussion This research sheds a light to indicate the importance of the storytelling approach for sharing cultural values and heritage. It is significant to address the merits of technology in transferring cultural values and heritage. In addition to this, this study is limited to one specific context that can be further explored as a cross-cultural analysis.
A comparative profile of certain biochemical and hematological parameters in Angora and Akkeçi goats during the transition period

: This study investigated the comparative changes in hematological and certain biochemical parameters such as glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride calcium, phosphorus and total protein during the transition period in Angora and Akkeçi goats aged 2–4 years. For this purpose, blood samples were regularly taken from the vena jugularis of each goat at 3, 2, and 1 weeks before kidding (–3, –2 and –1), on the day of parturition (0) and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after kidding (+1, +2 and +3). According to the statistical analysis results, the differences between the averages of the groups in terms of MCHC, MCH, Lym, THR, Pct and glucose were not statistically significant. However, there were found statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences among the periods for WBC, MPV, PDW, cholesterol and total protein, while there were found statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between the genotypes for Hb, RDW, and cholesterol. Additionally, genotype x period interactions were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in terms of RBC, MCV, HCT, Mon, Gra, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus. In conclusion, in the transition from pregnancy to lactation, which are different physiological periods, certain similar important metabolic adaptations have occurred in both goat breeds.
Parallel proton fire hose instability in the expanding solar wind: Hybrid simulations

[1] Oblique fire hose instability is investigated using hybrid simulations for proton betas of the order of one and for proton parallel temperatures sufficiently greater than the perpendicular ones. The simulations confirm previous simulation results showing that this instability has self-destructing properties and efficiently reduces the proton temperature anisotropy. A parametric study using one-dimensional standard hybrid simulations shows that stronger changes in the temperature anisotropy and stronger wave emissions appear for larger initial temperature anisotropies. An ideal, slow plasma expansion, modeled by a two-dimensional hybrid expanding box simulation, leads to a generation of proton temperature anisotropy. The anisotropy leads first to destabilization of the dominant parallel fire hose, which interacts mainly with minor supra-Alfvenic protons, whereas the evolution of core protons is determined by expansion. Consequently, the effective anisotropy is only slightly reduced and the system eventually becomes unstable with respect to the oblique fire hose instability. The oblique fire hose strongly scatters the protons and removes the anisotropy disrupting the parallel fire hose. An important portion of the fluctuating wave energy is dissipated to protons, and only long wavelength waves remain in the system. The system with low wave activity then develops again larger temperature anisotropies, and the evolution repeats itself. It is concluded that both parallel and oblique proton fire hose instabilities constrain the proton temperature anisotropy in the expanding solar wind, with the latter one constituting a final frontier for the anisotropy. These results give a possible explanation of some apparent discrepancies between observations and linear predictions. In addition, a simple bounded anisotropy model is developed to include some of the kinetic effects of the fire hose instabilities in fluid models.
Simulation on how to customize glucose adjustment method for non-invasive blood glucose sensing by NIRS

Previous studies have shown the limitations of taking OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) as the glucose adjustment protocol for non-invasive blood glucose sensing. Previous studies built a mathematical model of glucose metabolism system-IMM (the Integrated Minimal Model) to probe other available adjustment methods. In this talk, a further study would be focused on more detailed combination options of different glucose input types for glucose adjustment projects in non-invasive blood glucose sensing. And predictive models of blood glucose concentration have been established by means of partial least squares (PLS) method, which could be used to evaluate the quality of different glucose adjustment options. Results of PLS modeling suggested that predictive models under combined glucose input types, compared with OGTT, show a great enhancement in the stability. This would finally improve the precision of non-invasive blood glucose sensing.
Detection of the Winds from the Exciting Sources of Shell H II Regions in NGC 6334

We present results of high-sensitivity, high-resolution, multifrequency VLA observations toward the star-forming complex NGC 6334. We find that the H II region NGC 6334E, previously described as spherical, has a shell-like morphology. An additional shell-like radio source, G351.02+0.65, is mapped at 330 MHz. Four radio sources in the NGC 6334 complex present shell-like morphology; their diameters vary from 0.12 to 3.5 pc. Compact radio sources are detected at the center of the shells of NGC 6334E and NGC 6334A. These compact sources are believed to be associated with the exciting stars and are probably tracing ionized stellar winds. This is the first time for any H II region that both the shell and the central object are detected simultaneously in the radio. Two compact radio sources are detected toward the NGC 6334I(N) molecular core. One of them lies within 0. ″3 of the position of a bright Class II methanol maser, suggesting that the radio source is associated with a young embedded massive star. This is the first detection of a radio continuum source in the NGC 6334I(N) region.
Detecting relative motion in moving point patterns

Relative motion carries valuable information for motion understanding and form perception. The authors present a scheme for detecting relative motion in image sequences of moving point patterns. The proposed scheme uses the complexity of image plane trajectories to determine the presence of relative motion. Experimental results for two moving point pattern sequences are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. <<ETX>>
An extension to fukuma and matsubara jump resonance criterion by the use of describing functions

The jump resonance criterion presented by Fukuma and Matsubara normalizes the non-linearity characteristic and restricts its derivative (with respect to the input) to lie within the sector 0 ? f'(e) ? 1. The region in which jump resonance can occur is localized in the domain near the origin in the inverse polar plane. As compared with the circle criterion which may also be applied in the study of jump resonance, this criterion is conservative. Based on the sector-bounded-non-linearity concept afforded by the circle criterion, the work of Fukuma and Matsubara has been extended and compared favourably with the circle criterion.
Transient inverse design of radiative enclosures for thermal processing of materials

This work presents a methodology to solve transient inverse design of radiative enclosures for heating processes that require refined temperature control. The proposed methodology is applied to find the heat input to a heater located at the top of a three-dimensional enclosure that can satisfy a prescribed time-dependent temperature curve on a surface located at the base of the enclosure. The process is governed by radiative exchanges between diffuse, gray surfaces. This problem is described by an ill-conditioned system of linear equations, which is regularized by the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) method. The inverse analysis led to a heat input in the heater that assured, within an error less than 1.0%, both uniformity and the correct magnitude of the design surface temperature in every instant of the process.
New High-Redshift Damped Lyman-Alpha Absorption Systems and the Redshift Evolution of Damped Absorbers

We have discovered two high-redshift (z abs =3.388 and 2.908) damped Lyα absorption systems and a third possible damped system (z abs =3.080) while obtaining spectra of optical counterparts from a sample of flat spectrum radio sources. These three systems all have higher redshifts than any previously known damped Lyα absorption systems in the spectra of radio-loud quasars, and they are among the highest redshift damped Lyα systems known. It is unlikely that we would have found as many as two or three damped Lyα absorption systems among our sample unless there is a significant increase in the area-weighted comoving density of damped systems for z≥3
Understanding the reconstruction of non-Cartesian sampled magnetic resonance imaging data via the Schwartz spaces

Purpose: To provide a mathematically rigorous basis for the study of data sampling issues in fast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: The problem of reconstructing MRI data that have been sampled along arbitrary curves or trajectories in k-space was formulated in the language of distribution theory. With this formulation the nature of the associated point-spread function could then be related to conventional band-pass operators. Results: The definition of band-pass operators can be extended to curve-pass and sample-pass operators in a rigorous way. Each of these operators can be associated with point-spread functions that are distributional Fourier transforms of generalized functions defined by the given sampling region in k-space. For band-pass operators, the generalized function is related to the functional of line integration. For sample-pass operators, the generalized function is a sum of weighted Dirac delta functions. Breakthroughs: The problem of reconstructing an approximation for a two-dimensional function (an image) from two-, one- and zero-dimensional spatial frequency data sets has been shown to be well-posed. A rigorous relationship, exposing the nature of the approximation in terms of distributional Fourier transforms, between the different approaches to reconstruction has been found. Conclusions: The principle unsolved problem in reconstructing MRI data collected on non-Cartesian grids in k- space is the formulation of a sampling theorem similar to the Nyquist sampling theorem. The distributional formulation clearly reveals the connections between continuous and discrete distributional Fourier transforms and promises to be a useful tool for the formulation of a sampling theorem.
‘Grasping the nettle’: aspects of grammar in the mother tongue and foreign languages

This paper looks at explicit grammar instruction (EGI) in relation to recent curriculum developments in L1 and FLs. After a brief historical view of L1 grammar teaching, aspects of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS) are examined. Despite considerable merits, as a largely decontextualised framework, it contains avoidable weaknesses; its evidence base could also have been more robust. The NLS may well bring benefits for FL study, but these cannot yet be accurately assessed. The paper then considers EGI in FLs, specifically, possible uses of grammar rules. Objections to them are considered but it is argued that, within limits, TL grammar rules can be helpful. The judicious use of EGI in both L1 and FLs is justifiable. The lack of references to evidence in FL syllabuses is noted; but attention to current theory and research is surely necessary in L1 and FL policy-making.
Multiscale and Multisubgraph-Based Segmentation Method for Ocean Remote Sensing Images

Interpreting ocean remote sensing images is still a challenge that is worth studying because they can carry valuable information for various important applications. Due to the absence of labeled datasets, unsupervised object-based image analysis (OBIA) methods provide an effective solution to understand remote sensing images with the advantage of grouping local similar pixels into a homogeneous area. However, ocean remote sensing images usually have the characteristics of large size, large background, and coexisting of large and small objects, which results in previous OBIA methods easily falling into the difficulty of accurately segmenting the large and small objects at the same time and the dilemma of time-consuming computation. To solve this problem, a novel multiscale and multisubgraph (MSMSG)-based image segmentation method is presented in this article. First, a coarse-to-fine superpixel generation method is designed to generate optimal superpixels, which can not only solve the problem of coexisting large objects and small objects but also the problem of manually setting the initial segmentation number. Second, the proposed background removal strategy helps to eliminate the trouble of large background areas in ocean remote sensing images. Third, a multisubgraph is constructed with the help of background removal. Finally, the MSMSG merging strategy is addressed to group all similar superpixels into the same cluster, which not only reduces the useless computation of nonadjacent superpixels but also avoids segmentation errors with the same scale. Experiments conducted on three different datasets show that the proposed segmentation method is high-performance and high-efficiency.
At the origins of Engel curves estimation

This paper revisits Ernst Engel's (1857) original article in which he systematically investigated the relationship between consumption expenditure and income. While he is mainly remembered today for the discovery of Engel's law, we highlight how Engel addressed in a particular way the issue of the relation between statistical empirical analysis and economic theorizing. Inspired by an inductive methodology, Engel's method to inferempirical regularities made no a priori assumption on the estimated functional form and anticipates many aspects of current non-parametric regression methods. Furthermore, Engel devised a quasi-behavioral theory of consumption centered on the concept of wants to justify and explain his empirical results which he used to asses population living standards. Although incomplete, Engel's consumption theory tackles a much neglected issue in consumption theory: what accounts for the manner in which consumption patterns change as income rises.