Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Whiteness : the communication of social identity

Introduction - Thomas K Nakayama and Judith N Martin Whiteness as the Communication of Social Identity Reflections on Critical White(ness) Studies - Parker C Johnson PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS OF WHITENESS Whiteness and Beyond - Philip C Wander, Judith Martin and Thomas Nakayama Sociohistorical Foundations of Whiteness and Contemporary Challenges What Do White People Want to Be Called? A Study of Self-Labels for White Americans - Judith N Martin et al White Anti-Racist Rhetoric as Apologia - Debian Marty Wendell Berry's The Hidden Wound We Celebrate 100 years - Christina W Stage An 'Indigenous' Analysis of the Metaphors that Shape the Cultural Identity of Small Town, USA PART TWO: POSTCOLONIAL AND POSTSTRUCTURALIST VIEWS ON WHITENESS Whiteness as a Strategic Rhetoric - Thomas K Nakayama and Robert L Krizek Whiteness and the Politics of Location - Raka Shome Postcolonial Reflections White Difference - K E Supriya Cultural Constructions of White Identity Strategic Whiteness as Cinematic Racial Politics - Sarah Projansky and Kent A Ono PART THREE: WHITENESS IN U.S. CONTEXTS White Enculturation and Bourgeois Ideology - Dreama Moon The Discursive Production of 'Good (White) Girls' The Dynamic Construction of White Ethnicity in the Context of Transnational Cultural Formations - Jolanta A Drzewiecka and Kathleen Wong (Lau) In the Shadow of Whiteness - Kevin DeLuca The Consequences of Constructions of Nature in Environmental Politics PART FOUR: WHITENESS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS Provincializing Whiteness - Priya Kapoor Deconstructing Discourse(s) on International Progress White Identity in Context - Melissa Steyn A Personal Narrative One Whiteness Veils Three Uglinesses - Wen shu Lee From Border-Crossing to a Womanist Interrogation of Gendered Colorism
No fair!! An interaction with a cheating robot

Using a humanoid robot and a simple children's game, we examine the degree to which variations in behavior result in attributions of mental state and intentionality. Participants play the well-known children's game “rock-paper-scissors” against a robot that either plays fairly, or that cheats in one of two ways. In the “verbal cheat” condition, the robot announces the wrong outcome on several rounds which it loses, declaring itself the winner. In the “action cheat” condition, the robot changes its gesture after seeing its opponent's play. We find that participants display a greater level of social engagement and make greater attributions of mental state when playing against the robot in the conditions in which it cheats.
INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH CHARACTERIZATION OF A DEBRIS DISK AROUND AN M-TYPE STAR IN NGC 2547

We present 5 to 15 μm Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) low-resolution spectral data of a candidate debris disk around an M4.5 star identified as a likely member of the ∼40 Myr old cluster NGC 2547. The IRS spectrum shows a silicate emission feature, indicating the presence of warm, small, (sub)micron-sized dust grains in the disk. Of the 15 previously known candidate debris disks around M-type stars, the one we discuss in this paper is the first to have an observed mid-infrared spectrum and is also the first to have measured silicate emission. We combined the IRS data with ancillary data (optical, JHKs, and Spitzer InfraRed Array Camera and 24 μm data) to build the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source. Monte Carlo radiation transfer modeling of the SED characterized the dust disk as being very flat (h100 = 2 AU) and extending inward within at least 0.13 AU of the central star. Our analysis shows that the disk is collisionally dominated and is likely a debris disk.
Determination of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis by magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography

Abstract. Sköld CM, Larsen FF, Rasmussen E, Pehrsson SK, Eklund AG (Karolinska Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). Determination of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis by magnetic resonance imaging and Doppler echocardiography. J Intern Med 2002; 252: 465–471.
Shelf age of the polyethylene tibial component and outcome of unicondylar knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND A recent report linked shelf-aging of unicondylar polyethylene tibial components with accelerated fatigue wear and rapid failure. We retrospectively reviewed our experiences with another unicondylar knee system to investigate the relationship between the shelf age of the polyethylene components and clinical outcome. METHODS One hundred Single Compartment Replacement unicompartmental knee arthroplasties were performed with cement between 1990 and 1996. The median shelf age for the polyethylene inserts was 1.7 years. At the time of the review, four knees had been lost to follow-up, sixteen were in patients who had died, and nineteen had been revised. Sixty-one knee replacements remained in situ at a mean and standard deviation of 8 +/- 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS With revision as the end point, Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis demonstrated a six-year rate of survival of 96% when the shelf age of the insert was less than the median shelf age but only 71% when the median shelf age was exceeded. Fatigue wear was identified on all retrieved components except for two that had shelf ages under one year and had been revised within three years. At four to six years of clinical follow-up, the group of knees in which the median shelf age had been exceeded also had poorer Knee Society knee scores and function scores. CONCLUSIONS Aging on the shelf accelerated fatigue failure of polyethylene inserts sterilized with gamma irradiation in air and compromised our intermediate-term clinical outcomes with this unicondylar knee replacement system. Attention to the relationship between the shelf age and the clinical performance of the polyethylene component continues to be warranted with unicondylar knee arthroplasty implants.
The effects of anthropometric scaling parameters on normalized muscle strength in uninjured baseball pitchers.

CONTEXT Muscle force must be normalized for between-subjects comparisons of strength to be valid. The most effective method for normalizing muscle strength has not, however, been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of normalizing muscle strength using a spectrum of anthropometric parameters. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 50 uninjured high-school-age baseball pitchers. INTERVENTIONS Shoulder-rotation strength was tested at 0° and 90° abduction with a handheld dynamometer. Muscle force was normalized to parameters including subject height, weight, height × weight, body-mass index (BMI), forearm length, and forearm length × height. OUTCOME MEASURES Statistical analysis included evaluating the coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis of the nonnormalized and normalized muscle force. The most effective normalization method was determined based on the scaling factor that yielded the lowest variability for the data set and promoted the most normal distribution of the data set. RESULTS Using body weight to scale muscle force was the most effective anthropometric parameter for normalizing strength values based on the group of statistical measures of variability. BMI, height × weight, and forearm length × weight as scaling factors also yielded less variable values for muscle strength compared with nonnormalized strength, but less consistently than body weight. Height and forearm length were least effective in reducing the variability of the data set relative to nonnormalized muscle force. CONCLUSION This study provides objective support for scaling muscle strength to subject body weight. This approach to normalizing muscle strength uses methods readily accessible to clinicians and researchers and may facilitate the identification of differences in strength between individuals with diverse physical characteristics.
Effect of Response Effort on the Reward Value of Distinctively Flavored Food Pellets

This study was designed to test whether distinctively flavored food pellets, used as rewards for lever-pressing by rats, would acquire different reward values as a function of the differential effort involved in making the lever-pressing response which would be predictable from the concept of cognitive dissonance. Subjects were seven Long-Evans strain hooded rats, 301–308 days old at the start of the study and had had their body weights reduced to 80% of their free-feeding weights. Testing was done in a Y-maze, with food pellets associated with the difficult lever-press response serving as the reward for one choice and pellets associated with the easy lever-press response for the other. Analysis showed there was no preference in the choice of either the “easy” or the “difficult” pellets, the choice not being significantly different from chance. This indicated that the effort involved in making a response did not affect the reward strength of food pellets when used to reward a response with a different topography.
The relative complexity of NP search problems

Papadimitriou introduced several classes of NP search problemsbased on combinatorial principles which guarantee the existence of solutions to the problems. Many interesting search problems not known to be solvable in polynomial time are contained in these classes, and a number of them are complete problems. We consider the question of the relative complexity of these search problem classes. We prove several separations which show that in a generic relativized world, the search classes are distinct and there is a standard search problem in each of them that is not computationally equivalent to any decision problem. (Naturally, absolute separations would imply that P#NP.) Our separation proofs have interesting combinatorial content and go to the heart of the combinatorial principles on which the classes are based. We derive one res~t via new lower degrees of polynomials asserted to exist by stellensatz over finite fields.
Epidemiologic and socioeconomic status of bladder cancer in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is one the most common malignancies of the genitourinary tract. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiology, of bladder cancer in Mazandaran, a large province in northern Iran as high-incidence cancer area, during a 2-year period. METHODS The data for this study were obtained from the population-based cancer registry of the Vice-Chancellory for Health Affairs of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and Mazandaran hospitals between March 1, 2010 and March 1, 2011. Demographic data, including sex, age, residency and symptoms were investigated through careful review of medical records. Using a questionnaire protocol, several variables were assessed for these cases such as smoking, history of opium, vegetable consumption habits, and history of other cancers. RESULTS A total of 112 cases were analyzed, 98 (87.5%) in men and 14 (12.5%) in women (mean age of 68.0 ± 14.6 years). Urban and rural residence were 60.7% and 39.3%. Tobacco and opium use were found in 45.5% and 21.4% of patients, respectively. Approximately 60% consumed vegetables an average of fewer than one time per day. Hematuria was the first symptom in these cases which were mainly diagnosed as having bladder cancer by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION The results showed that bladder cancer tends to be found in the elderly and the male to female ratio is high. Macroscopic hematuria is a very important symptom for indicating probably urothelial tumor that should be followed up patients with transabdominal ultrasonography as a routine modality.
Characterizing the gate to source nonlinear capacitor role on FET IMD performance

This paper discusses the gate to source nonlinear capacitor contribution on small signal intermodulation distortion (IMD) performance of FET devices. The second and third order coefficients for the Cgs(Vgs) Taylor-series expansion, experimentally extracted with a simplified one-sided version of our previously proposed test set-up, are shown to be responsible for some detected differences on IMD behaviour at high frequencies.
Taurine supplementation improves liver glucose control in normal protein and malnourished mice fed a high-fat diet.

SCOPE Poor nutrition during the perinatal period is associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Taurine (TAU) regulates β-cell function and glucose homeo-stasis. Here, we assessed the effects of TAU supplementation upon adiposity and glucose control in malnourished mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control (14% protein - C) or a protein-restricted (6% protein - R) diet for 6 weeks. Afterwards, mice received or not an HFD for 8 weeks (CH and RH). Half of the HFDmice were supplemented with 5% TAU after weaning (CHT and RHT). Protein restriction led to typical malnutrition features. HFD increased body weight, adiposity, and led to hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, glucose intolerance, and higher liver glucose output in RH and CH groups. Fasted R mice showed higher plasma adiponectin levels and increased phosphorylation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in the liver. These parameters were reduced in RH mice and increased p-AMPK persisted in RHT. TAU prevented obesity and improved glucose tolerance only in CHT, but liver glucose control was ameliorated in both supplemented groups. Better CHT liver glucose control was linked to increased Akt (thymoma viral proto-oncogene/protein kinase B) phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Malnourished mice fed an HFD developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and increased liver glucose output. TAU preserved only normal liver glucose control in RHT mice, an effect associated with increased liver p-AMPK content.
Low-cost, low-bandwidth online meetings between farmers and scientists

This paper presents aspects of a nine year research activity into the use of low-cost, low-bandwidth Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to support online meetings between farmers and scientists in rural Australia. It discusses the use of Microsoft NetMeeting™ (NM) to support these meetings, and describes the social and technical conditions under which these tools are likely to be useful and used.
Cataract Extraction in X-Linked Megalocornea: A Case Report

Objective: A case is described of a patient with X-linked megalocornea (XLM) who underwent bilateral consecutive phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation. Methods: A 49-year-old man referred to us for cataract extraction was found to have XLM with mosaic corneal dystrophy. Pseudoexfoliation of the lens capsule was present in the right eye. Phacoemulsification was planned, and the Holladay II formula was used to calculate the IOL power. Results: During phacoemulsification, anomalies of the capsule and zonule were observed bilaterally. At the last examination (follow-up 28 months OS, 13 months OD), best spectacle-corrected vision was 20/20 in both eyes, but the IOL was slightly decentered in the right eye. Conclusions: Corneal enlargement and mosaic dystrophy are obvious features of XLM. Anomalies involving the anterior structures of the eye and in particular the lens capsule and zonule are also frequent. Cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and PC IOL implantation can be successful, but special attention must be paid to both surgical technique and IOL selection.
Dual Origin of the Cochlear Microphonics Inner and Outer Hair Cells

Since the original description of the electrical responses of the cochlea by Wever and Bray,l a large quantity of information has been collected concerning these phenomena. It was established, mainly through the efforts of H. Davis and his collaborators, that the cochlear microphonics represent the cumulative response of a large number of individual hair cells, the exact number varying somewhat with the recording technique. Tasaki et a1. ,2 with an important addition by Zwislocki,3 presented evidence that the (electrical) microphonic responses vary along the cochlea in a manner consistent with the ( mechanical) traveling-wave patterns described by B6kA~y. ~ Moreover, it was shown by Tasaki et aL6 that the microphonics are generated at the hairbearing end of the hair cells. More recently, Dallos demonstrated that some recorded phenomena stem from methodological artifacts rather than representing genuine response^^. ^ There is much other pertinent information, notably provided by Honrubia and Ward,8 and Weiss et al.3
Embedded Multisensor System for Safe Point-to-Point Navigation of Impaired Users

New smart objects to improve the quality of life in the ambient assisted living (AAL) scenario are capturing the interest of researchers and companies. In particular, novel assistive technologies are being developed to make accessible street navigation to impaired people. The solution that we propose in this new application domain of intelligent transportation systems is a framework for a safe point-to-point navigation, owing to high-detailed road graphs, including sidewalks, crosswalks, and generic “obstacles. ” The system is based on a low-cost modular sensor box (embedded hardware) interfaced with a mobile/phone application that acts as an intelligent navigator. The main novelty is the capability to sense the surrounding area while being able to perform a fast path replanning, owing to a real-time link to a remote server, if an obstacle is detected. The sensing is performed using different sensors, such as ultrasound, lidar, and a 77-GHz mid-range automotive radar (absolutely novel in the AAL context), which are processed and fused in the well-established robot operating system (ROS). We tested the framework by analyzing its performance in two different configurations and environments by using, respectively, a sonar and a laser rangefinder in a building scenario and a radar in an urban environment. Even if in both cases results demonstrated a quite good robustness in the obstacle detection with a quasi-real-time route replanning, we were mainly interested and succeeded in demonstrating the high flexibility and extensibility of our framework.
An Integrated Face Tracking and Facial Expression Recognition System

This article proposes a feature extraction method for an integrated face tracking and facial expression recognition in real time video. The method proposed by Viola and Jones [1] is used to detect the face region in the first frame of the video. A rectangular bounding box is fitted over for the face region and the detected face is tracked in the successive frames using the cascaded Support vector machine (SVM) and cascaded Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). The haar-like features are extracted from the detected face region and they are used to create a cascaded SVM and RBFNN classifiers. Each stage of the SVM classifier and RBFNN classifier rejects the non-face regions and pass the face regions to the next stage in the cascade thereby efficiently tracking the face. The performance of tracking is evaluated using one hour video data. The performance of the cascaded SVM is compared with the cascaded RBFNN. The experiment results show that the proposed cascaded SVM classifier method gives better performance over the RBFNN and also the methods described in the literature using single SVM classifier [2]. While the face is being tracked, features are extracted from the mouth region for expression recognition. The features are modelled using a multi-class SVM. The SVM finds an optimal hyperplane to distinguish different facial expressions with an accuracy of 96.0%.
The Expected Achievable Distortion of Two-User Decentralized Interference Channels

This paper concerns the transmission of two independent Gaussian sources over a two-user decentralized interference channel, assuming that the transmitters are unaware of the instantaneous CSIs. The availability of the channel state information at receivers (CSIR) is considered in two scenarios of perfect and imperfect CSIR. In the imperfect CSIR case, we consider a more practical assumption of having an MMSE estimation of the channel gain at the receivers. In this case, minimizing the expected achievable distortion associated with each link is considered. Due to the absence of CSI at the transmitters, the Gaussian sources are encoded in a successively refinable manner and the resulting code words are transmitted over the channel using a multi-layer coding technique. Accordingly, the optimal power assignment between code layers leading to the least expected achievable distortion, under a mean-square error criterion is derived for both, the perfect and imperfect CSIR scenarios. Finally, some numerical examples are provided and it is demonstrated that the proposed method results in better performance as compared with the conventional single-layer approach, termed as outage approach.
Review of recent clinical studies with olanzapine

Olanzapine is a novel antipsychotic agent displaying a unique and pleotrophic pharmacology, which distinguishes it from other existing treatments. Clinical investigations employing olanzapine have demonstrated a number of potential therapeutic advantages in reference not only to placebo but also to contemporary drug standards in the management of psychosis. This paper reviews data on the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of olanzapine, its benefits for quality of life, and economic aspects to assist clinicians in determining where they can usefully employ it.
Neuroinflammatory Responses After Experimental Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury

Little is known about microglial activation and macrophage localization after diffuse brain injury (DBI). DBI-mediated perisomatic traumatic axonal injury (TAI) was recently identified within the neocortex, hippocampus, and thalamus, providing an opportunity to characterize immune cell responses within diffusely injured brain loci uncomplicated by contusion. By using moderate midline/central fluid percussion injury, microglial/macrophage responses were examined with antibodies targeting immune cell phenotypes and amyloid precursor protein, a marker of TAI. Parallel assessments of blood-brain barrier alterations were also performed. Within 6 to 48 hours postinjury, microglial activation within injured loci was observed, whereas microglia within non-TAI-containing regions maintained a resting phenotype. Microglial activation shared a spatiotemporal relationship with TAI though no clear interactions were observed. By 7 to 28 days postinjury, activated microglia contained myelin debris, yet revealed limited aggregation. Immunophenotypic macrophages were also localized to injured loci. Select macrophages approximated somatic membranes of perisomatically axotomized neurons with evidence of bouton disruption. No causality was established between blood-brain barrier alterations and these inflammatory responses. These findings indicate rapid, yet initially nonspecific, and persistent microglial/macrophage responses to DBI. DBI-mediated inflammatory responses suggest further expansion of traumatic brain injury histopathologic evaluations to identify neuroinflammation indicative of diffuse pathology.
Estimation of Generalized Entropy and Atkinson Inequality Indices from Complex Survey Data

Applying a method suggested by Woodruff (1971), we derive the sampling variances of Generalized Entropy and Atkinson inequality indices when estimated from complex survey data. It turns out that this method also greatly simplifies the calculations for the i.i. d. case when compared to previous derivations in the literature. Both cases are illustrated with examples from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study and the British Household Panel Survey.