Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
von Willebrand factor/factor VIII concentrate (Humate‐P) for management of elective surgery in adults and children with von Willebrand disease

Summary. von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Treatment guidelines recommend the use of von Willebrand factor/factor VIII (VWF/FVIII) concentrate for VWD patients with type 2 or 3 VWD undergoing surgery, and type 1 patients undergoing surgery who are unresponsive, or for whom desmopressin acetate is contraindicated. This prospective, open‐label, multinational study evaluated the safety, efficacy and optimal dosing of a VWF/FVIII concentrate (Humate‐P) in subjects with VWD undergoing elective surgery. Dosing was based on VWF ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) and FVIII pharmacokinetic assessments performed before surgery. Pharmacokinetic assessments were completed in 33 adults and 9 children. Haemostatic efficacy was assessed on a 4‐point scale (excellent, good, moderate/poor or none). Overall effective haemostasis was achieved in 32/35 subjects. Median terminal VWF:RCo half‐life was 11.7 h, and median incremental in vivo recovery was 2.4 IU dL−1 per IU kg−1 infused. Major haemorrhage occurred after surgery in 3/35 cases despite achieving target VWF and FVIII levels. Median VWF/FVIII concentrate loading doses ranged from 42.6 IU VWF:RCo kg−1 (oral surgery) to 61.2 IU VWF:RCo kg−1 (major surgery), with a median of 10 (range, 2–55) doses administered per subject. Adverse events considered possibly treatment‐related (n = 6) were generally mild and of short duration. The results indicate that this VWF/FVIII concentrate is safe and effective in the prevention of excessive bleeding during and after surgery in individuals with VWD.
Agreement on Reporting of Physical, Psychological, and Sexual Violence Among White, Black, and Hispanic Couples in the United States

This article examines agreement on reports of male-to-female and female-to-male psychological, physical, and sexual violence among White, Black, and Hispanic couples in the United States. Using a probability sample, separate face-to-face interviews were conducted in respondents' homes with both members of 1,025 intact couples living in the 48 contiguous states. The overall survey response rate was 72%. Results indicate that agreement on each of the three types of violence is low, independent of perpetrator's gender and ethnicity. Kappa coefficients of agreement range from . 07 to . 48. Higher agreement is obtained for psychological violence, followed by physical and sexual violence. Depending on the type of violence, between 30% (psychological aggression) and 90% (sexual coercion) of events would not have been identified if identification required agreement between partners. Logistic analysis shows that the severity of violence is the only variable that increases the likelihood of agreement across the three types of violence.
Combining pitch-based inference and non-negative spectrogram factorization in separating vocals from polyphonic music

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for separating vocals from polyphonic music accompaniment. Based on pitch estimation, the method first creates a binary mask indicating timefrequency segments in the magnitude spectrogram where harmonic content of the vocal signal is present. Second, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is applied on the non-vocal segments of the spectrogram in order to learn a model for the accompaniment. NMF predicts the amount of noise in the vocal segments, which allows separating vocals and noise even when they overlap in time and frequency. Simulations with commercial and synthesized acoustic material show an average improvement of 1.3 dB and 1.8 dB, respectively, in comparison with a reference algorithm based on sinusoidal modeling, and also the perceptual quality of the separated vocals is clearly improved. The method was also tested in aligning separated vocals and textual lyrics, where it produced better results than the reference method.
Tertiary sequence of deformation in a thin‐skinned/thick‐skinned collision belt: The Zagros Folded Belt (Fars, Iran)

We describe how thin‐skinned/thick‐skinned deformation in the Zagros Folded Belt interacted in time and space. Homogeneous fold wavelengths (15.8 ± 5.3 km), tectono‐sedimentary evidence for simultaneous fold growth in the past 5.5 ± 2.5 Ma, drainage network organization, and homogeneous peak differential stresses (40 ± 15 MPa) together point to buckling as the dominant process responsible for cover folding. Basin analysis reveals that basement inversion occurred ∼20 Ma ago as the Arabia/Eurasian plate convergence reduced and accumulation of Neogene siliciclastics in foreland basin started. By 10 Ma, ongoing contraction occurred by underplating of Arabian crustal units beneath the Iranian plate. This process represents 75% of the total shortening. It is not before 5 Ma that the Zagros foreland was incorporated into the southward propagating basement thrust wedge. Folds rejuvenated by 3–2 Ma because of uplift driven by basement shortening and erosion. Since then, folds grew at 0.3—0.6 mm/yr and forced the rivers to flow axially. A total shortening of 65–78 km (16–19%) is estimated across the Zagros. This corresponds to shortening rates of 6.5–8 km/Ma consistent with current geodetic surveys. We point out that although thin‐skinned deformation in the sedimentary cover may be important, basement‐involved shortening should not be neglected as it requires far less shortening. Moreover, for such foreland folded belts involving basement shortening, underplating may be an efficient process accommodating a significant part of the plate convergence.
Krugman on the Malaise of Modern Macro: Critique without Alternative

The views of Paul Krugman on modern macro in terms of the global financial crisis representing a collective failure of an economics profession which had become complacent, believing that financial markets could not, in themselves, cause non-trivial recessions is discussed. Krugman is right to question the capability of economics developed under the auspices of the dominant neoclassical paradigm to predict business cycle events; however, a more constructive critique is required.
Facteurs émotionnels, cognitifs et comportementaux dans la fibromyalgie

INTRODUCTION : Selon une conception biopsychosociale de la fibromyalgie (FM), les facteurs psychologiques sont a considerer dans la comprehension et l’accompagnement des patients. METHODE : Une revue de litterature est realisee a partir de la base de donnees MedLine entre 2000 et 2015. RESULTATS : Colere, tristesse et anxiete aggravent le vecu douloureux. La douleur, concue comme un stresseur chronique, permet d’appliquer le modele transactionnel du stress de Lazarus et Folkman, et d’etablir un lien entre douleur et souffrance emotionnelle. Le catastrophisme est une strategie adaptative dysfonctionnelle souvent retrouvee dans la FM. L’evitement et, a l’inverse, le maintien excessif du mouvement sont des facteurs comportementaux deleteres. Le mode d’attachement et l’alexithymie sont des aspects de personnalite incontournables dans l’evaluation et le suivi de ces patients. Ces differents facteurs justifient des programmes therapeutiques integres, associant les traitements pharmacologiques, l’education therapeutique, une activite physique adaptee et les psychotherapies. Ces dernieres visent a ameliorer la gestion du stress et a augmenter le sentiment d’efficacite personnelle par une implication active des patients dans leur prise en charge. Des techniques (TCC, Pleine Conscience, Therapie d’Acceptation et d’Engagement) permettent de cibler les strategies adaptatives dysfonctionnelles (catastrophisme, kinesiophobie, hyperactivite) pour en diminuer l’impact et developper des strategies plus fonctionnelles (distraction, relaxation, acceptation). DISCUSSION : Ces resultats confirment l’importance des facteurs psychologiques dans l’apparition et l’entretien des symptomes de FM.
International Law, the United States, and the Non-Military 'War' Against Terrorism

Considerable attention is focused on the use of military force as a means of combating terrorism, whether it be in Afghanistan, Iraq or elsewhere However, the more dominant means for combating terrorism worldwide lies in non-forcible measures undertaken by states. In this realm, states that might otherwise be inclined to pursue unilateral action, such as the United States, are forced to pursue cooperative strategies that rely considerably on international law and international institutions. This essay briefly assesses various non-military initiatives undertaken by the United States - including criminal litigation and the imposition of economic sanctions on states and terrorist groups - so as to consider the broader question of whether, and if so how, international law and institutions are conditioning the behaviour of the United States. It demonstrates that, for various issues, US policy-makers and courts use international law and institutions as a means of advancing US interests, and suggests that in doing so US behaviour is affected by the expectations of the global community as embodied in international legal norms.
Automatic speech recognition for connected words using DTW/HMM for English/ Hindi languages

This work presents an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for connected words. A connected ASR system has been implemented by extending an isolated word recognizer for speaker dependent data. The work has been applied for English as well as Hindi language. The traditional approach of Mel frequency cepsral coefficient (MFCC) is used as features of the speech signal. Hidden markov model (HMM) and dynamic time warping (DTW) are used at back-end for feature mapping of unknown utterances. A database of isolated English/Hindi words is created for training phase while sentences are used for testing phase. The results are expressed in terms of percentage word error rate (WER). The performance of system for two feature extraction techniques (HMM, DTW) is compared.
The place of knowledge and evidence in the context of Australian general practice nursing.

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to ascertain the place of knowledge and evidence in the context of Australian general practice nursing. General practice nursing is a rapidly developing area of specialized nursing in Australia. The provision of primary care services in Australia rests largely with medical general practitioners who employ nurses in a small business model. METHODS A statistical research design was used that included a validated instrument: the developing evidence-based practice questionnaire (Gerrish et al. 2007). A total of 1,800 Victorian practice nurses were surveyed with a return of 590 completed questionnaires, equaling a response rate of 33%. FINDINGS Lack of time to access knowledge for practice was a barrier for participants in this study. In-service education and training opportunities were ranked as the number one source of knowledge for general practice nurses. Experiential learning and interactions with clients, peers, medical practitioners, and specialist nurses were also considered very important sources of knowledge. Research journals were ranked much lower than experiential learning and personal interactions. Participants assessed their own skills at sourcing and translating evidence into practice knowledge as low. Younger general practice nurses were more likely than older nurses to assess themselves as competent at using the library and Internet to locate evidence. DISCUSSION The predominantly oral culture of nursing needs to be identified and incorporated into methods for disseminating evidence from research findings in order to increase the knowledge base of Australian general practice nurses. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study will be significant for policy makers and funders of Australian nursing in general practice. The establishment of a career structure for general practice nurses that includes salaried positions for clinical nurse specialists would assist in the translation of evidence into knowledge for utilization at the point of care.
Bovine Sperm Forward Motility Protein

A protein, present in bovine seminal plasma, initiates forward motility in immature, immotile caput spermatozoa that have been incubated with a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. An improved motility assay was developed to study this process and the protein involved. This forward motility protein exhibits multiple forms when fractionated on the basis of charge or molecular weight. Molecular sieving in urea or sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol results in a single peak of activity which will re-form the larger aggregates in the absence of these agents. The molecular weight of this monomeric motility protein, as estimated from molecular sieving under these dissociating conditions, is 37,500. The forward motility protein can be partially purified by heat treatment, gel chromatography in urea, and affinity chromatcgraphy on concanavalin A/agarose. Enzymatic treatments further suggest a glycoprotein nature, Le. treatment with &galactosidase, neuraminidase, a-mannosidase, or galactose oxidase reduces its activity by 60%; treatment with trypsin completely abolishes forward motility protein activity. On the basis of concurrent studies on the activity, properties, and distribution of forward motility protein in bovine body fluids, it is suggested that this protein is involved in the development of the capacity for motility as sperm traverse the epididymis.
Isolation and bioinformatics analysis of LeNAC transcription factor

Under biotic and abiotic stress, various genes of plant can be activated or restrained by phytohormones, especially jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). The interactions between JA and SA might be synergistic and antagonistic, depending on the stress conditions. Using RACE approaches, a full-length cNDA (LeNAC) from tomato was cloned when treated with jasmonic acid. Sequence analysis showed that it belongs to the NAC transcription factor family.
Endothelial Dysfunction and C-Reactive Protein Are Risk Factors for Diabetes in Essential Hypertension

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is an early step in the development of atherosclerosis and has been demonstrated in hypertensive and diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We designed this study to determine whether forearm endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes in patients with essential hypertension. We enrolled 400 white never-treated hypertensive outpatients, free of type 2 diabetes at the time of the first evaluation. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was investigated by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment. RESULTS—During the follow-up (4.5 ± 1.6 years), 44 patients developed type 2 diabetes. The event rate was 2.4 events/100 patient-years. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the peak percentage increase in acetylcholine-stimulated forearm blood flow (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77 [95% CI 0.61–0.99]; P = 0.04) and C-reactive protein (1.16 [1.03–1.32]; P = 0.01) resulted in the only independent predictors of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS—An impaired vasodilatory response to acetylcholine predicts development of type 2 diabetes in patients with essential hypertension. Present data also extend recent findings regarding a possible inflammatory pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and suggest a new approach in treatment of essential hypertension.
Approaches for Learning Human-like Motor Skills which Require Variable Stiffness During Execution

Humans employ varying stiffness in everyday life for almost all human motor skills, using both passive and active compliance. Robots have only recently acquired variable passive stiffness actuators and they are not yet mature. Active compliance controllers have existed for a longer time, but the problem of automatic determination of the necessary compliance to achieve a task has not been thoroughly studied. Teaching humanoid robots to apply variable stiffness to the skills they acquire is vital in order to achieve human-like naturalness of the execution. Also, using adaptive compliance can help to increase the energy efficiency. This paper compares two different approaches that allow robots to learn human-like skills which require varying stiffness during execution. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach is discussed and demonstrated with various experiments on an activelycompliant Barrett WAM robot. keywords: variable stiffness, motor skills, imitation learning, reinforcement learning, programming by demonstration, kinesthetic teaching, pHRI
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Road to Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization in PD

While the etiology of Parkinson's disease remains largely elusive, there is accumulating evidence suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction occurs prior to the onset of symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Mitochondria are remarkably primed to play a vital role in neuronal cell survival since they are key regulators of energy metabolism (as ATP producers), of intracellular calcium homeostasis, of NAD+/NADH ratio, and of endogenous reactive oxygen species production and programmed cell death. In this paper, we focus on mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated alpha-synuclein aggregation. We highlight some of the findings that provide proof of evidence for a mitochondrial metabolism control in Parkinson's disease, namely, mitochondrial regulation of microtubule-dependent cellular traffic and autophagic lysosomal pathway. The knowledge that microtubule alterations may lead to autophagic deficiency and may compromise the cellular degradation mechanisms that culminate in the progressive accumulation of aberrant protein aggregates shields new insights to the way we address Parkinson's disease. In line with this knowledge, an innovative window for new therapeutic strategies aimed to restore microtubule network may be unlocked.
2-Deoxyglucose Suppresses ERK Phosphorylation in LKB1 and Ras Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate ATP, namely the "Warburg" effect. 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) is well characterized as a glycolytic inhibitor, but its effect on cellular signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we sought to investigate the effect of 2-DG on ERK function in lung cancer cells. We found that 2-DG inhibits ERK phosphorylation in a time and dose-dependent manner in lung cancer cells. This inhibition requires functional LKB1. LKB1 knockdown in LKB1 wildtype cells correlated with an increase in the basal level of p-ERK. Restoration of LKB1 in LKB1-null cells significantly inhibits ERK activation. Blocking AMPK function with AMPK inhibitor, AMPK siRNA or DN-AMPK diminishes the inhibitory effect of 2-DG on ERK, suggesting that 2-DG—induced ERK inhibition is mediated by LKB1/AMPK signaling. Moreover, IGF1-induced ERK phosphorylation is significantly decreased by 2-DG. Conversely, a subset of oncogenic mutants of K-Ras, the main upstream regulator of ERK, blocks 2-DG—induced LKB1/AMPK signaling. These findings reveal the potential cross-talk between LKB1/AMPK and ERK signaling and help to better understand the mechanism of action of 2-DG.
Norovirus infection in children admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil

Noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic, non‐bacterial outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis, and are also a major cause of sporadic acute gastroenteritis in infants. The aim of the present study was to identify norovirus infections in children not infected by rotavirus admitted to hospital for acute gastroenteritis in Belém. A total of 348 fecal specimens were obtained from children with diarrhea aged less than 5 years, all of whom had tested negative for rotavirus, between May 2008 and April 2010. Fecal samples were screened for norovirus antigen using enzyme‐immunoassay (EIA). Specimens were subjected to reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using the primers Mon432/434–Mon431/433 for detection of the GI and GII norovirus strains, respectively. Based on both methods, the overall norovirus positivity rate was 36.5% (127/348). Of the 169 samples collected in the first year, 44.4% (n = 75) tested positive for norovirus using both methods, 35.5% (n = 60) by EIA and 40.8% (n = 69) by RT‐PCR. Using RT‐PCR as a reference standard, a sensitivity of 78.3%, specificity of 94%, and agreement of 87.6% were recorded. Genome sequencing was obtained for 22 (31.9%) of the 69 positive samples, of which 90.9% (20/22) were genotype GII.4d and 9.1% (2/22) were genotype GII.b. Norovirus infection was most frequent in children under 2 years of age (41.5%–115/277). The peak incidence (62.1%) of norovirus‐related acute gastroenteritis in these patients (not infected by rotavirus) was observed in February 2010. These findings emphasize the importance of norovirus as a cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among children in Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 85:737–744, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns and predictors of service use and unmet needs among aging families of adults with severe mental illness.

OBJECTIVE This study examined patterns and predictors of use of and unmet need for support services among aging families of adults with severe mental illness by using an expanded version of the Andersen Behavioral Model. METHOD S: Mailed surveys were completed by 157 mothers from 41 states who lived with and provided care to adult offspring with serious mental disorders, primarily schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. The mean age of the mothers was 67 years (range, 50 to 88 years). RESULTS Although unique patterns were observed among individual services, overall service use was low despite high perceived need for services. The greatest unmet needs were for social or recreational programming, training in behavior management, and information on planning for the future. Regression analyses based on the expanded Andersen model revealed that greater service use occurred when offspring spent their days away from home, mothers received higher levels of informal support, and offspring were in poorer physical health. Greater unmet needs for services were reported when mothers experienced higher burden, perceived more age-related changes in themselves, and had offspring who typically spent their days at home. CONCLUSION S: The needs and resources of the entire family, including access to informal social support, should be considered in attempts to identify predictors of the use of and need for services among persons with chronic and severe mental illness. The findings of this study also point to the need for family education in how to locate community services as well as for better and more sensitive community services intended for the entire aging family.