Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic detection of nondeterminacy in parallel programs

Many of today’s computers, for example the Cray X-MP, Gray 2, ETA”, Alliant FX/8, Sequent Symmetry, and Encore Multimax, are multiprocessors. Multiprocessing is a very appealing approach to parallelism since it can be used not only to accelerate the execution of a single program but also to increase throughput and reliability. Furthermore, the presence of independent control units makes possible the execution of parallel loops with branching, subroutine calls and random memory activity in a more effective way than is possible in single processor vector machines. However, writing and debugging a parallel program for a multiprocessor is, in general, more difficult, than writing sequential vector programs.
Detection of non-radial g-mode pulsations in the newly discovered PG 1159 star HE 1429-1209

We performed time-series photometry of the PG 1159-type star HE 1429−1209, which was recently discovered in the ESO SPY survey. We show that the star is a low-amplitude (≈0.05 mag) non-radial g-mode pulsator with a period of 919 s. HE 1429−1209 is among the hottest known post-AGB stars (Teff = 160 000 K) and, together with the known pulsator RX J2117.1+3412, it defines empirically the blue edge of the GW Vir instability strip in the HRD at high luminosities.
Imaging analysis reveals mechanistic differences between first- and second-phase insulin exocytosis

The mechanism of glucose-induced biphasic insulin release is unknown. We used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging analysis to reveal the process of first- and second-phase insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β cells. This analysis showed that previously docked insulin granules fused at the site of syntaxin (Synt)1A clusters during the first phase; however, the newcomers fused during the second phase external to the Synt1A clusters. To reveal the function of Synt1A in phasic insulin exocytosis, we generated Synt1A-knockout (Synt1A−/−) mice. Synt1A−/− β cells showed fewer previously docked granules with no fusion during the first phase; second-phase fusion from newcomers was preserved. Rescue experiments restoring Synt1A expression demonstrated restoration of granule docking status and fusion events. Inhibition of other syntaxins, Synt3 and Synt4, did not affect second-phase insulin exocytosis. We conclude that the first phase is Synt1A dependent but the second phase is not. This indicates that the two phases of insulin exocytosis differ spatially and mechanistically.
Human-Computer Dyads ? A Survey of Nonverbal Behavior in Human-Computer Systems

A series of experiments, exploring nonverbal behavior in human-computer systems, is presented. The first two experiments examine the rate and type of facial expressions exhibited across a variety of computer-based tasks. The third experiment focuses on users behavioral responses to agent-based systems, and the fourth experiment focuses on gaze responses in humanhuman, computer-mediated communication. From the results of these experiments, one may conclude that nonverbal behavior does exist in human-computer systems, but it is different in some fundamental ways from the behavior which exists in human-human communication.
Hypothesis Evaluation from a Bayesian Perspective.

Bayesian inference provides a general framework for evaluating hypotheses. It is a normative method in the sense of prescribing how hypotheses should be evaluated. However, it may also be used descriptively by characterizing people's actual hypothesis-evaluation behavior in terms of its consistency with or departures from the model. Such a characterization may facilitate the development of psychological accounts of how that behavior is produced. This article explores the potential of Bayesian inference as a theoretical framework for describing how people evaluate hypotheses. First, it identifies a set of logically possible forms of nonBayesian behavior. Second, it reviews existing research in a variety of areas to see whether these possibilities are ever realized. The analysis shows that in some situations several apparently distinct phenomena are usefully viewed as special cases of the same kind of behavior, whereas in other situations previous investigations have conferred a common label (e.g., confirmation bias) to several distinct phenomena. It also calls into question a number of attributions of judgmental bias, suggesting that in some cases the bias is different than what has previously been claimed, whereas in others there may be no bias at all.
An analysis of EEG signal combined with pupillary response in the dynamics of human cognitive processing

The paper presents a combined analysis of electroencephalographic data and additional biomedical data: pupil diameter and blink features. A case study was performed with a specially designed experiment causing human cognitive effort to alternate with a relaxation break. The aim of the paper is to check the hypothesis that traditional EEG-based cognitive workload analysis might be supported with additional biomedical data such as pupil dilation, blink rate, blink interval and blink closure duration indicating human cognitive effort.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Motor Unit Firing Pattern Statistics

Estimation of motor unit firing pattern statistics is a valuable method in physiological studies and a key procedure in electromyographic (EMG) decomposition algorithms. However, if any firings within the pattern are undetected or missed during the decomposition process, the estimation procedure can be disrupted. In order to provide an optimal solution, we present a maximum likelihood estimator of EMG firing pattern statistics, taking into account that some firings may be undetected. A model of the inter-discharge interval (IDI) probability density function with missing firings has been employed to derive the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean and standard deviation of the IDIs. Actual calculation of the maximum likelihood solution has been obtained by means of numerical optimization. The proposed estimator has been evaluated and compared to other previously developed algorithms by means of simulation experiments and has been tested on real signals. The new estimator was found to be robust and reliable in diverse conditions: IDI distributions with a high coefficient of variance or considerable skewness. Moreover, the proposed estimator outperforms previous algorithms both in simulated and real conditions.
The Role of Attenuated Astrocyte Activation in Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis

Infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting the CNS during infancy. INCL is caused by mutations in the CLN1 gene that lead to a deficiency in the lysosomal hydrolase, palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1). A murine model of INCL, the PPT1-deficient (PPT1−/−) mouse, is an accurate phenocopy of the human disease. The first pathological change observed in the PPT1−/− brain is regional areas of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation, which predicts future areas of neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that preventing GFAP and vimentin upregulation in reactive astrocytes will alter the CNS disease. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice simultaneously carrying null mutations in the GFAP, Vimentin, and PPT1 genes (GFAP−/−Vimentin−/−PPT1−/−). Although the clinical and pathological features of the GFAP−/−Vimentin−/−PPT1−/− mice are similar to INCL, the disease appears earlier and progresses more rapidly. One mechanism underlying this accelerated phenotype is a profound neuroinflammatory response within the CNS. Thus, our data identify a protective role for intermediate filament upregulation during astrocyte activation in INCL, a model of chronic neurodegeneration.
A CASE STUDY OF TENDRAL WINTER MELONS (CUCUMIS MELO L.) POSTHARVEST SENESCENCE

Tendral type cultivar melons (Cucumis melo L., inodorus group, Winter melon variety) were stored for a 75-d postharvest period in a ventilated chamber at 10 oC ± 1 oC and 75% ± 5 % RH. Qualitative degradation of the fruit was observed mainly involving proteins and ascorbic acid. It was also found that the sugar/acid ratio increased while the glucose/fructose ratio decreased, thus making the fruit sweeter. Sucrose was the predominant sugar found and glucose was the major reducing sugar. Citric acid was the major component of the organic acid fraction of the Tendral mesocarp. The ACC oxidase activity declined as the fruit became overripe. Membrane degradation linked to the accumulation of hydroperoxides was modulated by a progressive failure of the antioxidant enzymes system. A reduction in superoxide dismutase activity as well as in catalase activity was observed. It can be concluded that the oxidative status of Tendral melons during postharvest storage increased progressively.
Coordinated multi-robot exploration: Out of the box packages for ROS

We present and evaluate new ROS packages for coordinated multi-robot exploration, namely communication, global map construction, and exploration. The packages allow completely distributed control and do not rely on (but allow) central controllers. Their integration including application layer protocols allows out of the box installation and execution. The communication package enables reliable ad hoc communication allowing to exchange local maps between robots which are merged to a global map. Exploration uses the global map to spatially spread robots and decrease exploration time. The intention of the implementation is to offer basic functionality for coordinated multi-robot systems and to enable other research groups to experimentally work on multi-robot systems. The packages are tested in real-world experiments using Turtlebot and Pioneer robots. Further, we analyze their performance using simulations and verify their correct working.
Adaptive Data Placement in an Embedded Multiprocessor Thread Library

Embedded multiprocessors pose new challenges in the design and implementation of embedded software. This has led to the need for programming interfaces that expose the capabilities of the underlying hardware. In addition, for systems that implement applications consisting of multiple concurrent threads of computation, the optimized management of inter-thread communication is crucial for realizing high-performance. This paper presents the design of an application-adaptive thread library that conforms to the IEEE POSIX 1003.1c threading standard (Pthreads). The library adapts the placement of both explicitly marked application data objects, as well as implicitly created data objects, in a physically distributed on-chip memory architecture, based on the application's data access characteristics
Human-impacted landscapes facilitate hybridization between a native and an introduced tree

Spatial and temporal dynamics of hybridization, in particular the influence of local environmental conditions, are well studied for sympatric species but less is known for native‐introduced systems, especially for long‐lived species. We used microsatellite and chloroplast DNA markers to characterize the influence of anthropogenic landscapes on the extent, direction, and spatial distribution of hybridization between a native North American tree Juglans cinerea (butternut) and an introduced tree Juglans ailantifolia (Japanese walnut) for 1363 trees at 48 locations across the native range of butternut. Remarkably, admixture in anthropogenic sites reached nearly 70%, while fragmented and continuous forests showed minimal admixture (<8%). Furthermore, more hybrids in anthropogenic sites had J. ailantifolia seed parents (95%) than hybrids in fragmented and continuous forests (69% and 59%, respectively). Our results show a strong influence of landscape type on rate and direction of realized gene flow. While hybrids are common in anthropogenic landscapes, our results suggest that even small forested landscapes serve as substantial barriers to hybrid establishment, a key consideration for butternut conservation planning, a species already exhibiting severe decline, and for other North American forest trees that hybridize with introduced congeners.
TOWARDS DEFINING “POTENTIAL CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE” IN AFRICAN JOURNALISM TRAINING1

An era of intensified globalisation stimulates debates about the universality of models of journalism education, and the particularities of so-called developing countries. This paper describes one such instance as manifest in a project, under UNESCO auspices, to identify the journalism schools in Africa with the greatest potential to be “centres of excellence”. It analyses how the methodology for this endeavour drew from systems operated in the United States, United Kingdom and a number of French-speaking countries, but sought to develop the elements for a specifically African-centred application. The paper presents the development of particular criteria and indicators that constitute a home-grown and relatively legitimated system which can serve diverse purposes within African countries—and perhaps more widely as well.
A comparison of attitudes toward length and quality of life between community‐dwelling older adults and patients with advanced cancer

Applying prospect theory to end‐of‐life decision making, we hypothesize that community‐dwelling older adults (CDOAs) will be relatively less inclined towards extending length over improving quality of life compared with patients. We also hypothesize that differences in relative inclination for length over quality of life between the 2 groups will decrease with advancing age.
Elevated Serum Levels of Mannose-Binding Lectin and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

Objective Inflammation and complement activation initiated by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. We investigated serum MBL levels in type 2 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and with persistent normoalbuminuria. Method Serum MBL levels were determined in 242 type 2 diabetes with overt nephropathy and 242 type 2 diabetes with persistent normoalbuminuria matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes, as well as in 100 healthy control subjects. The prediction value of MBL was compared with HbA1c, Hs-CRP and with other known predictors. Multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Results The serum MBL levels were significantly higher in diabetes with DN as compared to with persistent normoalbuminuria (P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for common factors showed that serum MBL levels≥2950ug/L was an independent indictor of DN (OR=7.55; 95%CI: 3.44–19.04). Based on the ROC curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum MBL levels as an indicator for diagnosis of DN was projected to be 2950ug/L, which yielded a sensitivity of 77.2 % and a specificity of 80.8%, with the area under the curve at 0.809 (95%CI, 0.769—0.848). Conclusion Our findings suggested that MBL may be involved in the pathogenesis of DN in type 2 diabetes, and that determination of MBL status might be used to identify patients at increased risk of developing nephropathy complications.
Mutation Detection in an Antibody-Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line by Targeted RNA Sequencing

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been used widely in the pharmaceutical industry for production of biological therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The integrity of the gene of interest and the accuracy of the relay of genetic information impact product quality and patient safety. Here we employed next-generation sequencing, particularly RNA-seq, and developed a method to systematically analyze the mutation rate of the mRNA of CHO cell lines producing a mAb. The effect of an extended culturing period to mimic the scale of cell expansion in a manufacturing process and varying selection pressure in the cell culture were also closely examined.
Ambulatory Monitoring of Behavior in Daily Life by Accelerometers Set at Both-Near-Sides of the Joint

In this paper we examined a new joint motion monitoring method by use of accelerometers to monitor subjects' detailed motion in daily activities. In this method two accelerometers are set at as near points of both sides around the joint as possible. The difference between these two sensors' outputs mainly depend on the joint angle because the centrifugal and the turning acceleration occurred by the rotation around the joint can be neglected. In the experiments we tried to monitor various subject's behaviors of his upper and lower extremities and whole body motion, and could show this method is useful for the ambulatory monitoring of behavior in daily life.
Predominance of KPC-3 in a Survey for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Portugal

ABSTRACT Among the 2,105 Enterobacteriaceae tested in a survey done in Portugal, 165 were nonsusceptible to carbapenems, from which 35 (26 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 Escherichia coli, 2 Enterobacter aerogenes, and 3 Enterobacter cloacae isolates and 1 Klebsiella oxytoca isolate) were confirmed to be carbapenemase producers by the presence of 30 Tn4401d-blaKPC-3, 4 intI3-blaGES-5, and one intI1-blaVIM-2 gene, alone or in combination with other bla genes. The dissemination of blaKPC-3 gene carried by an IncF plasmid suggests lateral gene transfer as a major mechanism of dissemination.
A Novel Approach to Selectively Target Neuronal Subpopulations Reveals Genetic Pathways That Regulate Tangential Migration in the Vertebrate Hindbrain

Vertebrate genes often play functionally distinct roles in different subsets of cells; however, tools to study the cell-specific function of gene products are poorly developed. Therefore, we have established a novel mouse model that enables the visualization and manipulation of defined subpopulations of neurons. To demonstrate the power of our system, we dissected genetic cascades in which Pax6 is central to control tangentially migrating neurons of the mouse brainstem. Several Pax6 downstream genes were identified and their function was analyzed by over-expression and knock-down experiments. One of these, Pou4f2, induces a prolonged midline arrest of growth cones to influence the proportion of ipsilaterally versus contralaterally settling neurons. These results demonstrate that our approach serves as a versatile tool to study the function of genes involved in cell migration, axonal pathfinding, and patterning processes. Our model will also serve as a general tool to specifically over-express any gene in a defined subpopulation of neurons and should easily be adapted to a wide range of applications.
Axillary dissection. The Steering Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care and Treatment of Breast Cancer. Canadian Association of Radiation Oncologists.

OBJECTIVE To provide information needed by patients with breast cancer (stages I and II) and their physicians when deciding whether axillary dissection should be carried out. OPTIONS No axillary surgery; removal of all axillary lymph nodes; removal of level 1 and 2 nodes; axillary "sampling. " OUTCOMES Accurate determination of stage of cancer, resulting in better-informed therapeutic decisions; reduction of recurrence in axillary lymph nodes; improved survival. EVIDENCE A systematic review of English language literature based on MEDLINE and CANCERLIT databases to September 1996, with nonsystematic review continued to June 1997. The nature of the evidence or opinion is classified as shown on page S2. BENEFITS Optimal therapy, with maximal survival and minimal local recurrence. HARMS Increased postsurgical morbidity. RECOMMENDATIONS Removal and pathological examination of axillary lymph nodes should be standard procedure for patients with early, invasive breast cancer. For accurate staging and to reduce the risk of recurrence in the axilla, level 1 and level 2 nodes should be removed. Patients should be made fully aware of the frequency and severity of the potential complications of axillary dissection. Irradiation of the axilla should carried out with caution after axillary dissection. Omission of axillary dissection may be considered when the risk of axillary metastasis is very low or when knowledge of node status will have no influence on therapy. Patients should be offered the opportunity to participate in clinical trials whenever possible. VALIDATION Guidelines were reviewed and revised by the Writing Committee, expert primary reviewers, secondary reviewers selected from all regions of Canada and by the Steering Committee. The final document reflects a consensus of all these contributors.
Virological Surveillance of Influenza Viruses during the 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11 Seasons in Tunisia

Background The data contribute to a better understanding of the circulation of influenza viruses especially in North-Africa. Objective The objective of this surveillance was to detect severe influenza cases, identify their epidemiological and virological characteristics and assess their impact on the healthcare system. Method We describe in this report the findings of laboratory-based surveillance of human cases of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses' infection during three seasons in Tunisia. Results The 2008–09 winter influenza season is underway in Tunisia, with co-circulation of influenza A/H3N2 (56.25%), influenza A(H1N1) (32.5%), and a few sporadic influenza B viruses (11.25%). In 2010–11 season the circulating strains are predominantly the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (70%) and influenza B viruses (22%). And sporadic viruses were sub-typed as A/H3N2 and unsubtyped influenza A, 5% and 3%, respectively. Unlike other countries, highest prevalence of influenza B virus Yamagata-like lineage has been reported in Tunisia (76%) localised into the clade B/Bangladesh/3333/2007. In the pandemic year, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominated over other influenza viruses (95%). Amino acid changes D222G and D222E were detected in the HA gene of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in two severe cases, one fatal case and one mild case out of 50 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses studied. The most frequently reported respiratory virus other than influenza in three seasons was RSV (45.29%). Conclusion This article summarises the surveillance and epidemiology of influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses, showing how rapid improvements in influenza surveillance were feasible by connecting the existing structure in the health care system for patient records to electronic surveillance system for reporting ILI cases.