Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Persistently Elevated Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 and Decreased Monocyte Human Leucocyte Antigen DR Expression Are Associated With Nosocomial Infections in Septic Shock Patients

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis-acquired immunosuppression may play a major role in patients’ prognosis through increased risk of secondary infections. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an innate immune receptor involved in cellular activation. Its soluble form (sTREM-1) has been described as a robust marker of mortality in sepsis. The objective of this study was to evaluate its association with the occurrence of nosocomial infections alone or in combination with human leucocyte antigen-DR on monocytes (mHLA-DR). DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: University Hospital in France. PATIENTS: One hundred sixteen adult septic shock patients as a post hoc study from the IMMUNOSEPSIS cohort (NCT04067674). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma sTREM-1 and monocyte HLA-DR were measured at day 1 or 2 (D1/D2), D3/D4, and D6/D8 after admission. Associations with nosocomial infection were evaluated through multivariable analyses. At D6/D8, both markers were combined, and association with increased risk of nosocomial infection was evaluated in the subgroup of patients with most deregulated markers in a multivariable analysis with death as a competing risk. Significantly decreased mHLA-DR at D6/D8 and increased sTREM-1 concentrations were measured at all time points in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. Decreased mHLA-DR at D6/D8 was significantly associated with increased risk of secondary infections after adjustment for clinical parameters with a subdistribution hazard ratio of 3.61 (95% CI, 1.39–9.34; p = 0.008). At D6/D8, patients with persistently high sTREM-1 and decreased mHLA-DR presented with a significantly increased risk of infection (60%) compared with other patients (15.7%). This association remained significant in the multivariable model (subdistribution hazard ratio [95% CI], 4.65 [1.98–10.9]; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to its prognostic interest on mortality, sTREM-1, when combined with mHLA-DR, may help to better identify immunosuppressed patients at risk of nosocomial infections.
The Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and PTSD Symptom Severity

Abstract Emotion dysregulation is implicated in the development, maintenance, and treatment of sleep disturbances and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) separately. However, few studies have assessed interactions among these variables. To address this gap, this study examined whether the associations of sleep quality and sleep quantity with PTSD severity were stronger at higher levels of negative and positive emotion dysregulation in a community sample of 199 trauma-exposed individuals. This study found that both poorer sleep quality and lower sleep quantity were associated with greater PTSD severity at low to average (but not high) levels of negative emotion dysregulation. Positive emotion dysregulation did not moderate the relationships between sleep quality or quantity and PTSD severity. Exploratory additive multiple moderation analyses showed significant associations between poorer sleep quality and lower sleep quantity with greater PTSD severity at low to average levels of negative emotion dysregulation, coupled with any level of positive emotion dysregulation. Findings inform theoretical perspectives on the sleep-PTSD relationship and clinical applications of targeting emotion dysregulation in the treatment of sleep disturbances and PTSD symptoms for trauma-exposed individuals.
Superlattice frequency multiplier for generation of submillimeter waves

We observed frequency multiplication of 65-GHz radiation up to the fifth harmonic (325 GHz; wavelength 0.9 mm) in a superlattice with negative differential conductance at room temperature. The efficiency of multiplication depended strongly on both the strength of a static field and the strength of the 65-GHz field. An analysis of the results shows that the nonlinear current, responsible for the frequency multiplication, was governed by the Esaki-Tsu current-voltage characteristic that describes the transport of carriers in large-miniband superlattices.
On the number of jumps of random walks with a barrier

Let S 0 := 0 and Sk := ξ 1 + ··· + ξk for k ∈ ℕ := {1, 2, …}, where {ξk : k ∈ ℕ} are independent copies of a random variable ξ with values in ℕ and distribution pk := P{ξ = k}, k ∈ ℕ. We interpret the random walk {Sk : k = 0, 1, 2, …} as a particle jumping to the right through integer positions. Fix n ∈ ℕ and modify the process by requiring that the particle is bumped back to its current state each time a jump would bring the particle to a state larger than or equal to n. This constraint defines an increasing Markov chain {Rk (n) : k = 0, 1, 2, …} which never reaches the state n. We call this process a random walk with barrier n. Let Mn denote the number of jumps of the random walk with barrier n. This paper focuses on the asymptotics of Mn as n tends to ∞. A key observation is that, under p 1 > 0, {Mn : n ∈ ℕ} satisfies the distributional recursion M 1 = 0 and for n = 2, 3, …, where In is independent of M 2, …, M n−1 with distribution P{In = k} = pk / (p 1 + ··· + p n−1), k ∈ {1, …, n − 1}. Depending on the tail behavior of the distribution of ξ, several scalings for Mn and corresponding limiting distributions come into play, including stable distributions and distributions of exponential integrals of subordinators. The methods used in this paper are mainly probabilistic. The key tool is to compare (couple) the number of jumps, Mn , with the first time, Nn , when the unrestricted random walk {Sk : k = 0, 1, …} reaches a state larger than or equal to n. The results are applied to derive the asymptotics of the number of collision events (that take place until there is just a single block) for β(a, b)-coalescent processes with parameters 0 < a < 2 and b = 1.
Introduction to Orthonormal Wavelet Analysis with Shift Invariance: Application to Observed Atmospheric Blocking Spatial Structure

Abstract Orthonormal wavelet analysis (OWA) is a special form of wavelet analysis, especially suitable for analyzing spatial structures, such as atmospheric fields. For this purpose, OWA is much more efficient and accurate than the nonorthogonal wavelet transform (WT), which was introduced to the meteorological community recently and which is more suitable for time series analysis. Whereas the continuous WT is strictly correct only for infinite domains, OWA is derived from periodizing and discretizing the infinite-domain case and so is correct for periodic boundary conditions. Unlike Fourier spectra, OWA is not shift invariant. Nor is it equivariant like the WT; that is, the OWA output does not shift as its input shifts. Two remedies are to combine all possible shifts, known as the overcomplete, nonorthogonal shift equivariant WT, or else to use a “best shift,” known as best shift wavelet analysis. Although shift invariant and orthonormal w.r. t. arbitrary inputs, the latter’s optimization generally depend.
Outcomes in Branching Space-Time and GHZ-Bell Theorems

The paper intends to provide an algebraic framework in which subluminal causation can be analysed. The framework merges Belnap's 'outcomes in branching time' with his 'branching space-time' (BST). it is shown that an important structure in BST, called 'family of outcomes of an event', is a boolean algebra. We define next non-stochastic common cause and analyse GHZ-Bell theorems. We prove that there is no common cause that accounts for results of GHZ-Bell experiment but construct common causes for two other quantum mechanical setups. Finally, we investigate why some setups allow for common causes whereas other setups do not.
Effect of total pressure on the formation and size evolution of silicon quantum dots in silicon nitride films

The size of silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) embedded in silicon nitride (SiN(x)) has been controlled by varying the total pressure in the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor. This is evidenced by transmission electron microscopy and results in a shift in the light emission peak of the quantum dots. We show that the luminescence in our structures is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. These findings give a strong indication that the quality (density and size distribution) of Si QDs can be improved by optimizing the deposition parameters which opens a route to the fabrication of an all-Si tandem solar cell.
Stochastic Response of Daily Runoff Based on a Filtered Point Process

The statistics of a daily rainfall-runoff process are theoretically derived from the characteristic function of a filtered point process. The counting process of a point process (daily rainfall) is represented by one of binomial, Poisson, and negative binomial probability distributions according to the ratio of mean to variance. Marks of the point process are magnitudes of daily rainfall. As an pulse-response function a tank model is adopted. The application of the proposed model to daily rainfall-runoff data at Motoyama in Kochi Prefecture is shown.
Hyperspectral image segmentation using spectral-spatial constrained conditional random field

In this paper, we propose a hyperspectral image segmentation algorithm which combines classification and segmentation into Conditional Random Field(CRF) framework. The classification step is implemented using Gaussian process which gives the exact class probabilities of a pixel. The classification result is treated as the single-pixel model in CRF framework, by which classification and segmentation are combined together. Through the CRF, the spatial and spectral constraints on pixel classification are exploited. As a result, experimental results on real hyperspectral image show that the segmentation precision has been much improved.
Excitation thresholds for subharmonic response of ultrasound contrast microbubbles.

The excitation threshold for subharmonic generation plays an important role in accurate prediction of various subharmonic scattering related observations. The classical understanding suggests that minimum subharmonic threshold occurs near twice the resonance frequency. We numerically show that for a number of models---Newtonian (Chatterjee and Sarkar 2003) and viscoelastic (Sarkar et al 2005) interfacial rheological models, and a model due to de Jong et al (1994)--- of encapsulation as well as for free bubbles, the minimum subharmonic threshold is obtained near twice the resonance frequency. However, for other models---linear viscoelastic model (Church 1995, Hoff et al 200), model due to Marmottant et al (2005) and strain-softening interfacial rheological model (Paul et al 2010), the minimum threshold does not always occur at twice the resonance frequency. They have minimum threshold near resonance frequency depending on encapsulation parameters such as elasticity and viscosity.
Particle image velocimetry study of the impinging height effect on an overexpanded supersonic impinging free jet at Ma = 1.754. Part 1: global coherent structure

Results of an experimental study of an overexpanded axisymmetric supersonic impinging jet at Mach 1.754 with particle image velocimetry (PIV) are presented in this article. The focus of Part I is on the influence of the impinging height on the global coherent flow structure, while in Part II the detailed velocity magnitude, both axial and radial, as well as the position variation of the plate shock will be presented. The PIV results clearly demonstrate the formation of the stagnation bubble as well as the presence of the recirculating flow in it. When the impinging height reaches five times the nozzle exit diameter, the stagnation bubble disappears, which is thought to be the result of the increase in the thickness of the shear layer of the main jet and consequently the decrease in the difference of the stagnation pressure between the centre of the stagnation zone and the impinging point of the main jet shear layer. The comparison between instantaneous and mean PIV measurements demonstrates that there exists highly unsteady behaviour of the impinging jet. The shock wave structure and the unsteady entraining vortex of the nozzle jet and the wall jet are all clearly recorded by PIV. All these results are crucial to understand the effects of the impinging height on the global flowfield coherent structure of the overexpanded axisymmetric supersonic jet impingement.
Evaluation of Planar Harmonic Impedance for Periodic Elastic Strips of Rectangular Cross Section by Plate Mode Expansion

A system of periodic elastic strips (each one considered as a piece of a plate) is characterized by a matrix relation between the Bloch series of displacement and traction at the bottom side of the system. Both these mechanical fields are involved in the boundary conditions at the contact plane between the strips and the substrate supporting a Rayleigh wave. The analysis exploits the mechanical field expansion over the plate modes, including complex modes; numerical results satisfy the energy conservation law satisfactorily. The derived planar harmonic Green's function provides an alternative tool for investigation of surface waves propagation under periodic elastic strips, with respect to pure numerical methods mostly applied in the surface acoustic wave devices literature. Perfect agreement of the presented theory with the experimentally verified perturbation model of thin strips is demonstrated.
Fine calibration and pre-compensation of non-common path aberrations for high performance AO system

Non common path aberrations (NCPA) are one of the main limitations to achieve ultimate performance of an adaptive optic system. These static optical aberrations are unseen by the wave front sensor and therefore not corrected by closed AO loop. We present experimental results of a new procedure of measurement and pre-compensation of the AO non-common path aberrations. This new procedure has been studied with simulations, and tested on the AO bench (BOA) at ONERA. Strehl Ratio (SR) obtained on the imaging path reaches 93 % @ 632.8 nm even for low SNR.
A Variation‐Perturbation Approach to the Interaction of Radiation with Atoms and Molecules

A variation‐perturbation formulation for time‐dependent interactions is presented and applied to the interaction between atoms or molecules and a semiclassical radiation field. Details of the treatment through second order are given for the steady‐state problem and are compared with the standard perturbation‐theory results. It is demonstrated that the usual expression for the time‐dependent perturbation solution, which consists of a sum over an infinite set of excited states (including any continuum), can be replaced by a small number of frequency‐dependent functions that satisfy certain time‐independent differential equations. Since an exact solution to these equations is very difficult for all but the simplest cases, an equivalent variational formulation of more general utility is introduced.The induced time‐dependent electric and magnetic moments of atoms and molecules in an oscillating electromagnetic field are evaluated in terms of the frequency‐dependent functions. With the usual continuum medium as.
PULSATING TURBULENT FLOW IN A TUBE

Pulsating turbulent flow in a tube was studied experimentally. Measured instantaneous profiles of the velocity and the intensity of turbulence can be clearly classified into two groups by means of a certain critical period of pulsation. At longer periods of pulsation, the shapes of the velocity profiles are similar to those for steady flow, while the intensity of turbulent fluctuation does not pulsate ; whereas at shorter periods, the velocity profiles are not similar to those for steady flow, while the intensity of turbulent fluctuation pulsates oppositely to the velocity. From measuring the time intervals between bursts in both steady and pulsating turbulent flows, it was clarified that the range of burst periods occurring in pulsating flow was the same as the preferred range of burst periods in steady flow. If the pulsation period is longer than the upper limit of this range, the mean burst period is equal to that of steady flow, but if the pulsation period is included in the range of burst periods for steady flow, the bursting of the same period as the pulsation period dominates.
The effect of strain upon the scaling law for flux pinning in bronze process Nb3Sn

The semiempirical scaling law for flux pinning, Fp=ABnc2bl (1−b)m has been tested for bronze process Nb3Sn conductors under uniaxial tension. The dependences of the bulk pinning force Fp on the upper critical field Bc2 and the reduced field, b=B/Bc2, were weakly affected by strain. However, the factor A, which depends on the number and strength of the pinning centers, and on the Ginzburg‐Landau parameter κ decreased by more than a factor of 20 when the compressive prestrain on the Nb3Sn was removed by application of external stress. The variations of Tc and Bc2 with strain suggest that the change in κ is not sufficient to account for the change in A. Therefore, it is probable that strain induces microstructural changes which affect the number and/or strength of the pinning centers.
Vector hysteresis model based on neural network

On the basis of the Kolmogorov‐Arnold theory, the feedforward type artificial neural networks (NNs) are able to approximate any kind of nonlinear, continuous functions represented by its discrete set of measurements. A NN‐based scalar hysteresis model has been constructed preliminarily on the function approximation ability of NNs. An if‐then type knowledge‐base represents the properties of the hysteresis characteristics. Vectorial generalization to describe isotropic and anisotropic magnetic materials in two and three dimensions with an original identification method has been introduced in this paper.
Fragmentation of Elongated Cylindrical Clouds. V. Dependence of Mass Ratios on Initial Conditions

Calculations of the formation of nonequal mass binary and multiple systems are presented. The systems are the result of the collapse and fragmentation of rotating elongated clouds which is followed using a three-dimensional smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code. The rotation is parameterized by components parallel and perpendicular to the cloud's major axis. The effects of the rotation, the initial Jeans number J o (ratio of the absolute value of gravitational to thermal energies), and the cloud's initial density profile are investigated
Mass Conservation and the Anelastic Approximation

Abstract Numerical anelastic models solve a diagnostic elliptic equation for the pressure field using derivative boundary conditions. The pressure is therefore determined to within a function proportional to the base-state density field with arbitrary amplitude. This ambiguity is removed by requiring that the total mass be conserved in the model. This approach enables one to determine the correct temperature field that is required for the microphysical calculations. This correct, mass-conserving anelastic model predicts a temperature field that is an accurate approximation to that of a compressible atmosphere that has undergone a hydrostatic adjustment in response to a horizontally homogeneous heating or moistening. The procedure is demonstrated analytically and numerically for a one-dimensional, idealized heat source and moisture sink associated with moist convection. Two-dimensional anelastic simulations compare the effect of the new formulation on the evolution of the flow fields in a simulation of the.
Characterization of the magnetic properties of multilayer magnetostrictive iron-gallium nanowires

We investigate the magnetic properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium (Galfenol, Fe100−xGax, 10≤x≤25 at. %) nanowires with magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and using micromagnetic modeling software (magpar). Wires with diameters of 150 nm were fabricated in alternating multilayered structures with Fe-Ga and Cu having aspect ratios of ∼2 and ∼0.5, respectively, with the goal of minimizing the relative contribution of shape anisotropy to magnetic domain alignment. Micromagnetic simulations of isolated Fe-Ga segments with these dimensions predict that (1) at remanence, two opposing vortex structures will form at the ends of a Fe-Ga segment, with a single domain wall in the middle of the segment and (2) traditional magnetic dipoles will form at the ends of the segment to align with a large (saturation) external magnetic field. MFM results are presented that support these models. At remanence, no contrast is observed in the MFM phase images. Magnetic poles become evident at the ends of the Fe-Ga segments when.
Numerical Simulation of Thunderstorm Outflow Dynamics. Part I: Outflow Sensitivity Experiments and Turbulence Dynamics

Abstract In this first paper of a two-part series, a two-dimensional numerical model is developed and used to investigate the dynamics of thunderstorm outflows. By focusing only on the outflow and using essentially inviscid equations and high spatial resolution, we are able to explicitly represent important physical processes such as turbulent mixing. To simplify interpretation of the results, the model atmosphere used in all experiments is calm and dry adiabatic. This approach allows us to establish basic characteristics of modeled outflows in simple physical settings, and provides a foundation for future studies using more realistic environments. All simulated outflows are initialized by prescribing a (controlled) horizontal flux of cold air into the model domain through a lateral boundary. In a series of sensitivity tests, we examine three parameters of the cold air source region: 1) the vertical temperature deficit profile, 2) the magnitude of the temperature deficit, and 3) the cold-air depth. By hol.
On the feasibility of neurocurrent imaging by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance

We describe a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer operating at 20 μT with a frequency resolution of 2 mHz to determine the intrinsic linewidth of the proton resonance in the human brain to be about 3 Hz. Using the same system we measured a biomagnetic field of 0.5 to 1 pT amplitude, which was generated by sustained brain activity evoked during repetitive median nerve stimulation. From these data, the effect of neuronal currents on the proton NMR signal was estimated. We conclude that neuronal currents may cause a measurable shift of the proton NMR line of brain tissue in low-fields.
Generating rotating regular black hole solutions without complexification

We drop the complexification procedure from the Newman-Janis algorithm and introduce more physical arguments and symmetry properties, and we show how one can generate regular and singular rotating black hole and non-black-hole solutions in Boyer-Lindquist coordinates. We focus on generic rotating regular black holes and show that they are regular on the Kerr-like ring, but physical entities are undefined there. We show that rotating regular black holes have much smaller electric charges, and, with increasing charge, they turn into regular non-black-hole solutions well before their Kerr-Newman counterparts become naked singularities. No causality violations occur in the region inside a rotating regular black hole. The separability of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for neutral particles is also carried out in the generic case, and the innermost boundaries of circular orbits for particles are briefly discussed. Other, but special, properties pertaining to the rotating regular counterpart of the Ayon-Beato–Garcia regular static black hole are also investigated.