Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation vs. measurement of polyaniline for electromagnetic interference shielding

In this paper it is shown that the data obtained from an open air shielding experiment for Polyaniline (Pani) can be simulated using COMSOL4.3b, and the results of the simulation correlate with the experimental results. Pani belongs to the family of Intrinsic Conducting Polymer (ICP), by comparing the results between the transmission loss data (S21) that was obtained experimentally with the simulated results; it is possible then to predict the transmission loss (S21) of the ICP materials and benefits from its use in electromagnetic shielding. The benefits of using ICP are shown in terms of the range of transmission loss that cover compared to the current carbon and metal based materials are demonstrated. The experimental results are shown that the transmission loss (S21) of the ICP materials varies and depends on its conductivity, permittivity, and permeability. This article establishes that Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) measurement simulated by COMSOL 4.3b provides valid results. This simulated model has advantages in EMC design with better cost effectives design that include less Electromagnetic (EM) reflection, that will help to improve the functionality of any device that is based on ICP materials.
Woody plants and the prediction of climate-change impacts on bird diversity

Current methods of assessing climate-induced shifts of species distributions rarely account for species interactions and usually ignore potential differences in response times of interacting taxa to climate change. Here, we used species-richness data from 1005 breeding bird and 1417 woody plant species in Kenya and employed model-averaged coefficients from regression models and median climatic forecasts assembled across 15 climate-change scenarios to predict bird species richness under climate change. Forecasts assuming an instantaneous response of woody plants and birds to climate change suggested increases in future bird species richness across most of Kenya whereas forecasts assuming strongly lagged woody plant responses to climate change indicated a reversed trend, i.e. reduced bird species richness. Uncertainties in predictions of future bird species richness were geographically structured, mainly owing to uncertainties in projected precipitation changes. We conclude that assessments of future species responses to climate change are very sensitive to current uncertainties in regional climate-change projections, and to the inclusion or not of time-lagged interacting taxa. We expect even stronger effects for more specialized plant–animal associations. Given the slow response time of woody plant distributions to climate change, current estimates of future biodiversity of many animal taxa may be both biased and too optimistic.
A Generative Traversability Model for Monocular Robot Self-guidance

The research work disclosed in this publication is partially funded by the Strategic Educational Pathways Scholarship (Malta). The scholarship is part-financed by the European Union - European Social Fund (ESF) under the Operational Programme II - Cohesion Policy 2007-2013, Empowering People for More Jobs and a Better Quality of Life.
Mitochondrial‐targeted peptide rapidly improves mitochondrial energetics and skeletal muscle performance in aged mice

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key pathogenic role in aging skeletal muscle resulting in significant healthcare costs in the developed world. However, there is no pharmacologic treatment to rapidly reverse mitochondrial deficits in the elderly. Here, we demonstrate that a single treatment with the mitochondrial‐targeted peptide SS‐31 restores in vivo mitochondrial energetics to young levels in aged mice after only one hour. Young (5 month old) and old (27 month old) mice were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or 3 mg kg−1 of SS‐31. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics were measured in vivo one hour after injection using a unique combination of optical and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Age‐related declines in resting and maximal mitochondrial ATP production, coupling of oxidative phosphorylation (P/O), and cell energy state (PCr/ATP) were rapidly reversed after SS‐31 treatment, while SS‐31 had no observable effect on young muscle. These effects of SS‐31 on mitochondrial energetics in aged muscle were also associated with a more reduced glutathione redox status and lower mitochondrial H2O2 emission. Skeletal muscle of aged mice was more fatigue resistant in situ one hour after SS‐31 treatment, and eight days of SS‐31 treatment led to increased whole‐animal endurance capacity. These data demonstrate that SS‐31 represents a new strategy for reversing age‐related deficits in skeletal muscle with potential for translation into human use.
Fish and Invertebrate Bycatch Estimates for the California Set Gillnet Fishery Targeting Halibut and White Seabass, 1990-2006

Total fish and invertebrate bycatch is estimated for the California set gillnet fishery that currently targets California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) and white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis). This fishery has had an intermittent observer program from 1990 through 2006 to document catch and bycatch, yet only limited bycatch reporting exists for this fishery from logbook data, which are likely to be negatively biased due to underreporting or non-reporting of bycatch. Using eight years of observer data between 1990 and 2006 covering 8,958 sets in 2,981 vessel trips, the first systematic estimates of fish and invertebrate bycatch (defined as at-sea discards) for 164 species and 17 unidentified taxa are estimated in this fishery using ratio estimators. The most frequently discarded species were spider crabs (Loxorhynchus spp.) and bat rays (Myliobatis californica). Several prohibited species were observed as bycatch including one white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), one basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), and 35 giant sea bass (Stereolepis gigas). No giant sea bass were observed discarded after regulations caused the fishery to move further offshore in 1994.
Parabolic Harnack Inequality and Local Limit Theorem for Percolation Clusters

We consider the random walk on supercritical percolation clusters in $\mathbb{Z}^d$. Previous papers have obtained Gaussian heat kernel bounds, and a.s. invariance principles for this process. We show how this information leads to a parabolic Harnack inequality, a local limit theorem and estimates on the Green's function.
YB-1 DNA-binding protein represses interferon gamma activation of class II major histocompatibility complex genes

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is the most potent inducer of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. This induction is uniquely mediated by three DNA elements in the promoter region of class II MHC genes. One of these DNA elements, Y, contains an inverted CCAAT box. Previously, we have screened a lambda gt11 library for Y-binding proteins and identified the YB-1 gene. Here we provide evidence that YB- 1 can repress the IFN-gamma induction of class II MHC promoter as well as the Invariant chain (Ii) gene which also contains a Y element in its promoter. This was demonstrated by cotransfecting a YB-1 expression vector with promoter-reporter gene constructs. As an alternate approach, an efficient transient transfection system was developed which resulted in a > 70% transfection efficiency. Transfection of YB-1 by this procedure resulted in the near abrogation of IFN-gamma induced HLA-DR antigen and mRNA expression. These findings show the functional suppression of class II MHC gene induction by the YB-1 protein.
A realistic model of frequency-based multi-robot polyline patrolling

There is growing interest in multi-robot frequency-based patrolling, in which a team of robots optimizes its frequency of point visits, for every point in a target work area. In particular, recent work on patrolling of open polygons (e.g., open-ended fences) has proposed a general cooperative patrolling algorithm, in which robots move back and forth along the polygon, in an synchronized manner, such that their assigned areas of movement overlap. If the overlap factor is carefully chosen---based on the motion models of the robots---specific performance criteria are optimized. Unfortunately, previous work has presented analysis of motion models in which there are no errors in the movement of the robots, and no velocity changes. We go a step beyond existing work, and develop a realistic model of robot motion, that considers velocity uncertainties. We mathematically analyze the model and show how to use it to find optimal patrolling parameters, given known bounds of uncertainty on the motion. We then use the model to analyze the independently-programmed patrolling movements of physical robots, in extensive experiments. We show that the model predicts the behavior of the robots much more accurately than previously-described models.
High‐Precision Relocation and Event Discrimination for the 3 September 2017 Underground Nuclear Explosion and Subsequent Seismic Events at the North Korean Test Site

On 3 September 2017, a strong seismic event occurred at the North Korean nuclear test site near the border between China and North Korea. Using P/S-type spectral ratios calculated from regional seismic data, we identified this event as an explosion. Using a high-precision relative location method, with the first North Korean nuclear test as the master event, we obtained that the epicenter of this explosion was at 41.3018° N and 129.0696° E with a relative location precision of ∼87 m based on the error ellipse. This explosion was followed by three moderate seismic events, which occurred 8 min after the explosion, on 23 September and 12 October 2017, respectively. The relocation suggests that the first postexplosion event occurred under the same mountain as the nuclear tests, but the other two events were located about 8 km to the northeast of the explosion. Based on their spectral ratios, these postexplosion events are clearly distinguished from the explosions. Electronic Supplement: Table of Pn differential travel times at individual stations and figures of Pn waveforms recorded at YNB station and compared among North Korean test site (NKTS) events and spectral ratios from individual stations and events.
Self-selective clustering of training data using the maximally-receptive classifier/regression bank

A common approach to pattern classification problems is to train a bank of layered perceptrons or other classifiers by clustering the input training data and training each classifier with just the data from a specific cluster. There is no provision in such an approach, however, to assure the component layered perceptron is well suited to learn the training data cluster it is assigned. An alternate method of training, herein proposed, lets a layered perceptron in a classifier bank choose the cluster of inputs it processes on the basis of the perceptron's ability to successfully classify those inputs. During training, data is therefore processed only by the classifier in the bank that best classifies the data or, equivalently, to which the data is most receptive. This allows each classifier to learn a localized subset of data dictated by the classifier's own classification ability. Once each classifier in the bank is trained, a separate independent cluster pointer is trained to recognize to which cluster an input test pattern belongs. The cluster pointer is used in the test mode to identify which classifier in the bank will best classify the problem. The approach, also applicable to regression type problems, is illustrated through application on a simulated Gaussian data set and an active sonar test estimation problem. In both cases, the maximally receptive classifer/regression bank significantly outperforms a single layered perceptron trained on the same data
Impacts of Paleoecology on the TEX86 Sea Surface Temperature Proxy in the Pliocene‐Pleistocene Mediterranean Sea

The TEX86 proxy, based on the distribution of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs) from planktonic Thaumarchaeota, is widely used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST). Recent observations of species‐specific and regionally dependent TEX86‐SST relationships in cultures and the modern ocean raise the question of whether nonthermal factors may have impacted TEX86 paleorecords. Here we evaluate the effects of ecological changes on TEX86 using one Pliocene and two Pleistocene sapropels from the Mediterranean Sea. We find that TEX86‐derived SSTs deviate from U37K’ ‐derived SSTs before, during, and after each sapropel event. U37K’ ‐derived SSTs vary by less than 6 °C, while TEX86‐derived SSTs vary by up to 15 °C within a single record. Compound‐specific carbon isotope compositions indicate minimal confounding influence on TEX86 from exogenous sources. Some of the variation can be accounted for by changes in nitrogen cycling intensity affecting thaumarchaeal iGDGT biosynthesis, as demonstrated by an inverse relationship between TEX86 and δ15NTN. TEX86‐derived SSTs also consistently show warm anomalies in the Pleistocene, while the Pliocene samples exhibit both warmer and cooler relative offsets. These anomalies result from systematic differences between Plio‐Pleistocene iGDGT distributions and both modern Mediterranean and modern, globally distributed core top samples. Through characteristic GDGT distributions, we suggest the existence of three distinct endemic populations of Thaumarchaeota in the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and modern Mediterranean Sea, respectively. Importantly, these communities prevailed during both sapropel and oligotrophic conditions. Our results demonstrate that ecological and community‐specific effects must be considered when applying the TEX86 proxy to paleorecords.
Mechanisms of Diastolic Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease Myocardial steatosis as a possible mechanistic link between diastolic dysfunction and coronary microvascular dysfunction in women

Janet Wei, Michael D. Nelson, Edward W. Szczepaniak, Laura Smith, Puja K. Mehta, Louise E. J. Thomson, Daniel S. Berman, Debiao Li, C. Noel Bairey Merz, and Lidia S. Szczepaniak Barbra Streisand Women’s Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Efficient recognition of protein fold at low sequence identity by conservative application of Psi‐BLAST: validation

A substantial fraction of protein sequences derived from genomic analyses is currently classified as representing ‘hypothetical proteins of unknown function’. In part, this reflects the limitations of methods for comparison of sequences with very low identity. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Psi‐BLAST search strategy to identify proteins of similar fold at low sequence identity. Psi‐BLAST searches for structurally characterized low‐sequence‐identity matches were carried out on a set of over 300 proteins of known structure. Searches were conducted in NCBI's non‐redundant database and were limited to three rounds. Some 614 potential homologs with 25% or lower sequence identity to 166 members of the search set were obtained. Disregarding the expect value, level of sequence identity and span of alignment, correspondence of fold between the target and potential homolog was found in more than 95% of the Psi‐BLAST matches. Restrictions on expect value or span of alignment improved the false positive rate at the expense of eliminating many true homologs. Approximately three‐quarters of the putative homologs obtained by three rounds of Psi‐BLAST revealed no significant sequence similarity to the target protein upon direct sequence comparison by BLAST, and therefore could not be found by a conventional search. Although three rounds of Psi‐BLAST identified many more homologs than a standard BLAST search, most homologs were undetected. It appears that more than 80% of all homologs to a target protein may be characterized by a lack of significant sequence similarity. We suggest that conservative use of Psi‐BLAST has the potential to propose experimentally testable functions for the majority of proteins currently annotated as ‘hypothetical proteins of unknown function’;. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on risk cost measure of large project based on VaR theory

Useing Var theory to measure cost risk of large project is new idea in measure risk cost. The paper extended Var concept and calculating principle in Finance to project cost management field, establishing investment portfolio based on construction project and proposing new connotation of Var calculating theory in cost risk management area. Then an example was applicated to verify the feasibility of this research thought. At last further research focused in Var calculated method to be applied to cost risk. This explore is the foundation of deep research cost risk management of large project and its purpose is to provide quantitative decision-making support of the field.
Methodological Fundamentalism: or why Batterman’s Different Notions of ‘Fundamentalism’ may not make a Difference

I argue that the distinctions Robert Batterman (2004) presents between ‘epistemically fundamental’ versus ‘ontologically fundamental’ theoretical approaches can be subsumed by methodologically fundamental procedures. I characterize precisely what is meant by a methodologically fundamental procedure, which involves, among other things, the use of multilinear graded algebras in a theory’s formalism. For example, one such class of algebras I discuss are the Clifford (or Geometric) algebras. Aside from their being touted by many as a “unified mathematical language for physics,” (Hestenes (1984, 1986) Lasenby, et. al. (2000)) Finkelstein (2001, 2004) and others have demonstrated that the techniques of multilinear algebraic ‘expansion and contraction’ exhibit a robust regularizablilty. That is to say, such regularization has been demonstrated to remove singularities, which would otherwise appear in standard field-theoretic, mathematical characterizations of a physical theory. I claim that the existence of such methodologically fundamental procedures calls into question one of Batterman’s central points, that “our explanatory physical practice demands that we appeal essentially to (infinite) idealizations” (2003, 7) exhibited, for example, by singularities in the case of modeling critical phenomena, like fluid droplet formation. By way of counterexample, in the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), I discuss the work of Mann & Rockwood (2003) and Gerik Scheuermann, (2002). In the concluding section, I sketch a methodologically fundamental procedure potentially applicable to more general classes of critical phenomena appearing in fluid dynamics.
Frictional weakening and slip complexity in earthquake faults

Previous work has shown that velocity-weakening friction produces slip complexity in simple dynamical models of earthquake faults (Carlson and Langer, 1989). Here I show that a different type of dynamical instability, caused by slip-weakening friction, also produces slip complexity. The deterministically chaotic slip complexity produced by slip-weakening friction in a simple one dimensional model is studied and the scaling of the distribution of sizes of events with the parameters in the model examined. In addition, a possible physical origin of frictional weakening is examined, through a very simplified mathematical representation of a physical process proposed by Sibson (1973), whereby frictional heating causes an increase in pore fluid temperature and pressure, thereby reducing the effective normal stress and friction. The two different types of frictional weakening are derived from two opposing limits, with slip weakening occurring when the dissipation of heating is slow compared to the rupture timescale, as Lachenbruch (1980) has shown, while velocity weakening is shown to occur when the dissipation is fast compared to the rupture timescale. Since both end-member cases of frictional weakening are seen to produce slip complexity, slip complexity is argued to be a generic feature of frictional weakening and elastodynamics on a fault.
The Coordinated Interplay of Scene, Utterance, and World Knowledge: Evidence From Eye Tracking

Two studies investigated the interaction between utterance and scene processing by monitoring eye movements in agent-action-patient events, while participants listened to related utterances. The aim of Experiment 1 was to determine if and when depicted events are used for thematic role assignment and structural disambiguation of temporarily ambiguous English sentences. Shortly after the verb identified relevant depicted actions, eye movements in the event scenes revealed disambiguation. Experiment 2 investigated the relative importance of linguistic/world knowledge and scene information. When the verb identified either only the stereotypical agent of a (nondepicted) action, or the (nonstereotypical) agent of a depicted action as relevant, verb-based thematic knowledge and depicted action each rapidly influenced comprehension. In contrast, when the verb identified both of these agents as relevant, the gaze pattern suggested a preferred reliance of comprehension on depicted events over stereotypical thematic knowledge for thematic interpretation. We relate our findings to language comprehension and acquisition theories.
Semantic Technology-Assisted Review (STAR) Document analysis and monitoring using random vectors

The review and analysis of large collections of documents and the periodic monitoring of new additions thereto has greatly benefited from new developments in computer software. This paper demonstrates how using random vectors to construct a low-dimensional Euclidean space embedding words and documents enables fast and accurate computation of semantic similarities between them. With this technique of Semantic Technology-Assisted Review (STAR), documents can be selected, compared, classified, summarized and evaluated very quickly with minimal expert involvement and high-quality results.
Swarm Intelligence and Network Administration : Applications in Ad Hoc Wireless Auto-Configuration

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) has been a commonly employed technique to distribute IP addresses on networks where static address allocation may not be appropriate [1]. Auto-configuration techniques such as DHCP may be very easily done where centralized servers are commonly available. Mobile ad hoc networks are infrastructure-less, multi-hop wireless networks, which can be deployed without any pre-existing setup. Ad-Hoc networks are mobile in nature and nodes can join and leave the network at any time. Due to mobility, ad hoc networks must be able to configure themselves without an administrator’s intervention. In this paper we present a swarm intelligence based model targeted at network administration. The base model can be targeted for many applications without much overhead to the system. We demonstrate the performance of the model for autoconfiguration in ad hoc wireless and sensor networks. Issues such as random IP renewals and merger of partitions are considered. The main purpose of the paper essentially lies in the experimentation of swarm intelligence to network administration and control [2, 3].
AN ALMOST SURE INVARIANCE PRINCIPLE FOR ADDITIVE FUNCTIONALS OF MARKOV CHAINS

In the paper, the law of the iterated logarithm for additive functionals of Markov chains is obtained under some weak conditions, which are weaker than the conditions of invariance principle of additive functionals of Markov chains in M. Maxwell and M. Woodroofe [7] (2000). The main technique is the martingale argument and the theory of fractional coboundaries.