Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Union of Pharmacology. XXXII. The Mammalian Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptides, Adrenomedullin, Amylin, and Calcitonin Receptors

The calcitonin family of peptides comprises calcitonin, amylin, two calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs), and adrenomedullin. The first calcitonin receptor was cloned in 1991. Its pharmacology is complicated by the existence of several splice variants. The receptors for the other members the family are made up of subunits. The calcitonin-like receptor (CL receptor) requires a single transmembrane domain protein, termed receptor activity modifying protein, RAMP1, to function as a CGRP receptor. RAMP2 and -3 enable the same CL receptor to behave as an adrenomedullin receptor. Although the calcitonin receptor does not require RAMP to bind and respond to calcitonin, it can associate with the RAMPs, resulting in a series of receptors that typically have high affinity for amylin and varied affinity for CGRP. This review aims to reconcile what is observed when the receptors are reconstituted in vitro with the properties they show in native cells and tissues. Experimental conditions must be rigorously controlled because different degrees of protein expression may markedly modify pharmacology in such a complex situation. Recommendations, which follow International Union of Pharmacology guidelines, are made for the nomenclature of these multimeric receptors.
Phase-based Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy for Adults With Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

ABSTRACT Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) presents unique challenges to treatment beyond that of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The expert consensus best practice for treatment of complex PTSD is a phase-based or sequenced approach that has typically been offered in individual or group therapy modalities. Emotionally focused couple therapy (EFCT) shows promise as a couple-based treatment for PTSD, but the standard protocol may inadequately incorporate best practice guidelines of phase-based treatment for complex PTSD. Integration of phase-based treatment of complex PTSD within an EFCT format is proposed, giving direction to EFCT providers on incorporating best practice guidelines into their work with survivors.
Dynamic Matching and Bargaining Games: A General Approach

This paper presents a new characterization result for competitive allocations in quasilinear economies. This result is informed by the analysis of non-cooperative dynamic search and bargaining games. Such games provide models of decentralized markets with trading frictions. A central objective of this literature is to investigate how equilibrium outcomes depend on the level of the frictions. In particular, does the trading outcome become Walrasian when frictions become small? Existing specifications of such games provide divergent answers. The characterization result is used to investigate what causes these differences and to generalize insights from the analysis of specific search and bargaining games.
Desistance in men who have previously committed sexual offences : an exploration of the early processes

The aim of this research was to explore the early stage of desistance in men who have previously committed sexual offences with a view to understanding the process further, and to make recommendations regarding assessment and treatment. Secondly, to explore the role of the Circles of Support and Accountability project (an intervention aiming to reduce sexual offending), in the desistance process. The research used a prospective, longitudinal design with a mixed methods approach. Pre and post narratives/interviews about the experience of desistance and psychometrics relating to the proposed protective factors for desistance were collected from 39 previously convicted sexual offenders living in the community and engaging in a Circle. Eighteen sexual offenders on probation licence in the community formed a comparison group, and completed the same tasks approximately 12 months apart. The qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis (Nvivo 10) and linguistic word analysis (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count). Bringing together the results of all of the methodologies, a new, continuum-based model of early desistance for sexual offenders was proposed. This was tested using two methods of cluster analysis and a correlational analysis, and found initial support for the model. Possible protective factors and obstacles for desistance from sexual offending were suggested. It was also proposed that optimum levels of certain factors, previously described as obstacles to desistance (such as shame and stigma), may in fact act as maintenance factors. A key direction for further research is to test the predictive value of the variables within the model for longer-term desistance. This research makes an important contribution to the understanding of the early process of desistance in sexual offenders and also offers practical recommendations regarding implementing the findings of the model during assessment and treatment.
Cryptographic algorithm optimisation

Lightweight cryptographic algorithm is intended for implementation in resource constrained devices such as smart cards, wireless sensors, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags which aim at providing adequate security. Hummingbird is a recent encryption algorithm based on ultra-lightweight cryptography and its design is based on blend of block cipher and stream cipher. This paper presents design space exploration of the algorithm and optimisation using different architectural approaches. It provides comparative analysis of different models of substitution box, cipher and encryption blocks.
Dynamic Scene Classification Using Redundant Spatial Scenelets

Dynamic scene classification started drawing an increasing amount of research efforts recently. While existing arts mainly rely on low-level features, little work addresses the need of exploring the rich spatial layout information in dynamic scene. Motivated by the fact that dynamic scenes are characterized by both dynamic and static parts with spatial layout priors, we propose to use redundant spatial grouping of a large number of spatiotemporal patches, named scenelet, to represent a dynamic scene. Specifically, each scenelet is associated with a category-dependent scenelet model to encode the likelihood of a specific scene category. All scenelet models for a scene category are jointly learned to encode the spatial interactions and redundancies among them. Subsequently, a dynamic scene sequence is represented as a collection of category likelihoods estimated by these scenelet models. Such presentation effectively encodes the spatial layout prior together with associated semantic information, and can be used for classifying dynamic scenes in combination with a standard learning algorithm such as k-nearest neighbor or linear support vector machine. The effectiveness of our approach is clearly demonstrated using two dynamic scene benchmarks and a related application for violence video classification. In the nearest neighbor classification framework, for dynamic scene classification, our method outperforms previous state-of-the-arts on both Maryland “in the wild” dataset and “stabilized” dynamic scene dataset. For violence video classification on a benchmark dataset, our method achieves a promising classification rate of 87.08%, which significantly improves previous best result of 81.30%.
VELOCITY FIELDS BELOW THE MAGNETIC CANOPY OF SOLAR FLUX TUBES : EVIDENCE FOR HIGH-SPEED DOWNFLOWS ?

It is well-established that velocities in the immediate surroundings of solar magnetic elements produce an asymmetry in the Stokes V profiles emerging from the magnetic feature. Conversely, the observed Stokes V asymmetry can be used to infer the velocity field. Taking as constraints the area asymmetries of the Stokes V profiles of two lines of neutral magnesium (λ457nm and λ517nm) observed near the center of the solar disk, the (vertical) component of the velocity field below the magnetic canopy of flux tubes is investigated. We find that the strong Mg I b2 line at 517nm qualitatively extends the diagnostic capabilities of Stokes V asymmetry, mainly due to the fact that it is sensitive to velocities over a large range of heights and hence also at relatively large distances from the flux tube axis. In order to retrieve the observed area asymmetry of both lines, upas well as downflows have to be introduced in the models. If the temperature differences between the two flows are neglected then a downflow of 1.5 − 2km s−1 close to the edge of the flux tube and an almost equally strong upflow at greater distances (corresponding to the central part of a granule) reproduces the observed area asymmetries. If we take into account that the temperature in the downflow is lower than in the upflow, we can only reproduce the observations if the downflow is fast (≥ 5 km s−1) and concentrated into narrow lanes.
Fast and Accurate Wavelet Radiosity Computations Using High-End Platforms

In this paper, we show how to fully exploit the capabilities of high--end SGI graphics and parallel machines to perform radiosity computations on scenes made of complex shapes both quickly and accurately. Overlapping multi--processing and multi--pipeline graphics accelerations on one hand, and incorporating recent research works on wavelet radiosity on the other hand, allows radiosity to become a practical tool for interactive design.
Economic Evaluation of Two Types of IT Projects

The economic evaluation models are proposed by using dynamic programming for two types IT projects, purchased project and developing project. Investment decision critical values of IT projects are solved and the relationships between the decision critical values and the factors of the IT project are deeply discussed. The models, which are developed in the paper, are better than others because the assumptions of option pricing models are given up.
A Novel Low Power High Dynamic Threshold Swing Limited Repeater Insertion for On-Chip Interconnects

In Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI), interconnect design has become a supreme issue in high speed ICs. With the decreased feature size of CMOS circuits, on-chip interconnect now dominates both circuit delay and power consumption. An eminent technique known as repeater/buffer insertion is used in long interconnections to reduce delay in VLSI circuits. This paper deals with some distinct low power alternative circuits in buffer insertion technique and it proposes two new techniques: Dynamic Threshold Swing Limited (DTSL) and High Dynamic Threshold Swing Limited (HDTSL). The DTSL uses Dynamic Threshold MOSFET configuration. In this gate is tied to the body and it limits the output swing. High Dynamic Threshold Swing Limited (HDTSL) also uses the same configuration along with a high threshold voltage(high-Vth). The simulation results are performed in Cadence virtuoso environment tool using 45nm technology. By simulating and comparing these various repeater circuits along with the proposed circuits it is analyzed that there is trade off among power, delay and Power Delay Product and the 34.66% of power is reduced by using the highVth in HDTSL when compared to DTSL.
Prognostic accuracy of cerebral blood flow measurement by perfusion computed tomography, at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic accuracy of perfusion computed tomography (CT), performed at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients. Accuracy was determined by comparison of perfusion CT with delayed magnetic resonance (MR) and by monitoring the evolution of each patient's clinical condition. Twenty‐two acute stroke patients underwent perfusion CT covering four contiguous 10mm slices on admission, as well as delayed MR, performed after a median interval of 3 days after emergency room admission. Eight were treated with thrombolytic agents. Infarct size on the admission perfusion CT was compared with that on the delayed diffusion‐weighted (DWI)–MR, chosen as the gold standard. Delayed magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion‐weighted MR were used to detect recanalization. A potential recuperation ratio, defined as PRR = penumbra size/(penumbra size + infarct size) on the admission perfusion CT, was compared with the evolution in each patient's clinical condition, defined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). In the 8 cases with arterial recanalization, the size of the cerebral infarct on the delayed DWI‐MR was larger than or equal to that of the infarct on the admission perfusion CT, but smaller than or equal to that of the ischemic lesion on the admission perfusion CT; and the observed improvement in the NIHSS correlated with the PRR (correlation coefficient = 0.833). In the 14 cases with persistent arterial occlusion, infarct size on the delayed DWI‐MR correlated with ischemic lesion size on the admission perfusion CT (r = 0.958). In all 22 patients, the admission NIHSS correlated with the size of the ischemic area on the admission perfusion CT (r = 0.627). Based on these findings, we conclude that perfusion CT allows the accurate prediction of the final infarct size and the evaluation of clinical prognosis for acute stroke patients at the time of emergency evaluation. It may also provide information about the extent of the penumbra. Perfusion CT could therefore be a valuable tool in the early management of acute stroke patients.
Game theory based privacy preserving analysis in correlated data publication

Privacy preserving on data publication has been an important research field over the past few decades. One of the fundamental challenges in privacy preserving data publication is the trade-off problem between privacy and utility of the single and independent data set. However, recent research works have shown that the advanced privacy mechanism, i.e., differential privacy, is vulnerable when multiple data sets are correlated. In this case, the trade-off problem between privacy and utility is evolved into a game problem, in which the payoff of each player is dependent not only on his privacy parameter, but also on his neighbors' privacy parameters. In this paper, we firstly present the definition of correlated differential privacy to evaluate the real privacy level of a single data set influenced by the other data sets. Then, we construct a game model of multiple players, who each publishes the data set sanitized by differential privacy. Next, we analyze the existence and uniqueness of the pure Nash Equilibrium and demonstrate the sufficient conditions in the game. Finally, we refer to a notion, i.e., the price of anarchy, to evaluate efficiency of the pure Nash Equilibrium.
Parallel Polygon Scan Conversion on RMESH Multiprocessors

Polygon scan conversion is an important operation in computer graphics application. Speeding up this operation makes the animation more realistic. In this paper, we present a parallel algorithm to scan convert a polygon from its object space representation into its image space representation using RMESH multiprocessors. The total number of SIMD RMESH processors is N N × , where each processor element corresponds to a picture element in the image plane. For convex polygons, an algorithm with time and space complexities of O(1) was developed, which is asymptotically optimal for RMESH computers.
Gene expression analysis of biopsy samples reveals critical limitations of transcriptome‐based molecular classifications of hepatocellular carcinoma

Molecular classification of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) could guide patient stratification for personalized therapies targeting subclass‐specific cancer ‘driver pathways’. Currently, there are several transcriptome‐based molecular classifications of HCC with different subclass numbers, ranging from two to six. They were established using resected tumours that introduce a selection bias towards patients without liver cirrhosis and with early stage HCCs. We generated and analyzed gene expression data from paired HCC and non‐cancerous liver tissue biopsies from 60 patients as well as five normal liver samples. Unbiased consensus clustering of HCC biopsy profiles identified 3 robust classes. Class membership correlated with survival, tumour size and with Edmondson and Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. When focusing only on the gene expression of the HCC biopsies, we could validate previously reported classifications of HCC based on expression patterns of signature genes. However, the subclass‐specific gene expression patterns were no longer preserved when the fold‐change relative to the normal tissue was used. The majority of genes believed to be subclass‐specific turned out to be cancer‐related genes differentially regulated in all HCC patients, with quantitative rather than qualitative differences between the molecular subclasses. With the exception of a subset of samples with a definitive β‐catenin gene signature, biological pathway analysis could not identify class‐specific pathways reflecting the activation of distinct oncogenic programs. In conclusion, we have found that gene expression profiling of HCC biopsies has limited potential to direct therapies that target specific driver pathways, but can identify subgroups of patients with different prognosis.
Estimation and correction of cardiac respiratory motion in SPECT in the presence of limited-angle effects due to irregular respiration.

PURPOSE One issue with amplitude binning list-mode studies in SPECT for respiratory motion correction is that variation in the patient's respiratory pattern will result in binned motion states with little or no counts at various projection angles. The reduced counts result in limited-angle reconstruction artifacts which can impact the accuracy of the necessary motion estimation needed to correct the images. In this work, the authors investigate a method to overcome the effect of limited-angle reconstruction artifacts in SPECT when estimating respiratory motion. METHODS In the first pass of the reconstruction method, only the projection angles with significant counts in common between the binned respiratory states are used in order to better estimate the motion between them. After motion estimation, the estimates are used to correct for motion within iterative reconstruction using all of the acquired projection data. RESULTS Using simulated SPECT studies based on the NCAT phantom, the authors demonstrate the problem caused by having data available for only a limited number of angles when estimating motion and the utility of the proposed method in diminishing this error. For NCAT data sets with a clinically appropriate level of Poisson noise, the average registration error for motion with the proposed method was always less with the use of their algorithm, the reduction being statistically significant (p<0.05) in the majority of cases. The authors illustrate the ability of their method to correct the degradations caused by respiratory motion in short-axis slices and polar maps of the NCAT phantom for cases with 1 and 2 cm amplitudes of respiratory motion. In four cardiac-perfusion patients acquired on the same day, the authors demonstrate the large variability of the number of counts in the amplitude-binned projections. Finally, the authors demonstrate a visual improvement in the slices and polar maps of patient studies with the algorithm for respiratory motion correction. CONCLUSIONS The authors' method shows promise in reducing errors in respiratory motion estimation despite the presence of limited-angle reconstruction effects due to irregularity in respiration. Improvements in image quality were observed in both simulated and clinical studies.
Enhanced Hybrid Compound Image Compression Algorithm Combining Block and Layer-based Segmentation

This paper presents an efficient compound image compression method based on both block and layer– based segmentation techniques, which introduces a new hybrid scheme for segmenting compound images. In this hybrid model the image is first segmented into five different blocks using block based classification again the overlapping block is segmented using layer based segmentation for improving the compression ratio, visual quality.
Retinola Feeding , Hormone Inhibition , and / or Immune Stimulation and the Progression of / V-Methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Rat Mammary Carcinoma : Suppression by Retinoids of Peptide Hormone-induced Tumor Cell Proliferation in Vivo and in Vitro 1

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated at 50 and 57 days of age with 2.5 mg per 100 g body weight of A/-methyl-A/nitrosourea (MNU). At 60 days of age, the animals were divided into eight groups (40 rats/group) and treated as follows: (a) controls; (b) immune stimulation (IS); (c) hormone inhibition (HI); (d) HI + IS; (e) retinyl acetate feeding (RA); (f ) RA + IS; (g) RA + HI; and (h) RA + HI + IS. IS treatment was accomplished by three i.p. injections (at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after carcinogen treatment) of a mixture of cell paniculate preparations from pooled MNU-induced rat mammary carcinomas and Freund's (complete) adjuvant. HI treatment consisted of daily s.c. injec tions of tamoxifen (12.5 to 25.0 /^g/IOO g body weight) and CB154 (200 to 400 Â¿ig/100g body weight), and RA treatment consisted of daily feeding of retinyl acetate (1.0 ITIM). Both RA alone and HI alone significantly (p < 0.01 to 0.001) reduced mammary carcinoma incidence; HI treatment was significantly (p < 0.01 ) more effective than RA treatment. The combination of RA + HI was significantly (p < 0.01) superior to either treatment alone; RA + HI treatment virtually completely blocked the devel opment of mammary carcinomas at termination of study (a total of only 2 mammary carcinomas was observed in the RA + HI groups of rats at 1 year after carcinogen treatment). IS treat ments did not significantly influence mammary carcinoma inci dence, either alone or in combination with RA and/or HI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats given MNU and subsequently treated daily for 4 weeks with the prolactin secretion-stimulating drug haloperidol (0.05 mg/100 g body weight) responded with a significant (p < 0.001) increase in mammary carcinoma devel opment when compared with control rats. RA treatment of haloperidol-treated rats significantly (p < 0.001) blocked the stimulatory effect of haloperidol on mammary carcinoma devel opment. The addition of insulin (5.0 nQ/rr\\) to the culture media of 2-day organ cultures of MNU-induced rat mammary carcino mas resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) stimulation of [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA of the cultured cells. Retinoic acid (1 x 10"6 M) significantly (p < 0.05) blocked the stimulatory effect of insulin on [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA; retinoic acid alone did not significantly affect [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. The results of this study demonstrate a striking prevention of the development and progression of MNU-induced rat mammary carcinomas by a combination of two biological response modifier treatments, i.e., RA and HI. Retinoid-induced suppression of peptide hormone-induced stimulation of mammary carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro has also been demonstrated, suggesting a mechanism by which retinoids may suppress the progression of rat mammary carcinomas.
Energy harvesting from ambient RF sources

This paper presents a feasibility study of energy harvesting from ambient radio frequency (RF) sources. A preliminary assessment of the ambient RF energy was carried out by calculation of power spectrum density and measurement of received power in a common suburban area. The results showed that the median value of received power obtained -25dBm from 800 MHz band mobile telephone base station (BS) was averagely 13dB stronger than that from Digital TV broadcasting. A prototype multi-stage RF-DC conversion circuit was designed and tested. Experimental results showed that a 1.0 F electric double layer capacitor can be charged up to 320 mV in 3900 minutes at common suburban area. We confirm that the possibility of energy harvesting from ambient RF sources in suburban area, and clarify the problems in devices for the future energy harvesting systems.