Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OVERVIEW OF MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS

Confidentiality is very important for every organization. Now a days, Biometric technologies have became a foundation for identification and personal verification. Biometric refers to technologies that measure and analyze the physiological characteristics of a human body for verification or identification. Most Biometrics are unimodal, Which rely on single source of information for authentication. But these systems are facing variety of problems such as Noise in sensed data, Non-universality, Spoof attacks, Distinctiveness. To overcome these drawbacks a new research area multimodal biometrics is emerged. Multimodal biometric systems consist of combining two or more biometric modalities in a single identification system. As multimodal biometric systems depend on multiple sources of information, these are categorized into six classes like Multi sensor systems, Multi algorithm systems, Multi instance systems, Multi sample systems, Multi modal systems and Hybrid systems. The various levels of fusion are also discussed in this paper. I. INTRODUCTION In this present world of Science and technology, as there has been an increase in threats, it is must for us to increase security measures. Mostly in public areas like Railway stations, bus stops, air ports etc need more security measures than current security measures. Earlier passports, badges, pin numbers, manual locks and passwords were used for authentication to restrict the access of the systems. But cracking of passwords were not difficult. All these authentication techniques were easily stolen and forgotten. Nature has made human beings with different characterstics which may vary one person to another. This property is used by biometric technology to distinctly identify a person. With the introduction of biometric techniques the problem was solved [2]. Biometric comes from greek word bio means life and metric means measure. Biometric refers to technologies that measure and analyze the human body characteristics such as DNA, Finger prints, hand measurements etc. for authentication purposes. The biometric computation using physical characteristics consider Retina, Iris, palm print, finger print, face, face thermo grams. Biometric computation using behavior characteristics such as voice, signature gesture, handwriting, keystroke etc. Mostly, biometrics is used in commercial and forensic applications for identity. Biometric is an easy method. Passwords can be stolen or forgotten. But biometrics cannot be stolen since it is unique to every individual. Biometrics is advantage over traditional security methods. Biometric recognition can be in two different modes. (a) Identification(1-n matching): It is a process of trying to find out persons identity by comparing the person who is …
The Changing Meanings of Work in Germany

The problem and the solution. This article analyzes the changing meaning of work in Germany since the country's reunification in 1990.The theoretical frame of reference for this study is provided by the work of England and colleagues. On this basis, a number of published studies are evaluated and examined with regard to the hypothesis that the meaning of work in Germany is subject to a process change. Current results suggest that it is possible to identify various employees' “value types” and work preferences.The changing meaning of work is especially noticeable among the cohort of young academics and depends on varying labor market situations. Conjoint analysis is suggested to provide new insights into employees' values and preferences in the field of meaning of work.
Experimental hemarthrosis: the removal of chromium-51- and iron-59-labeled erythrocytes injected into the knee joint of rabbit and man.

The clearance of Cr51- and Fe59-labeled erythrocytes from the knee joint is delayed by immobilization of the limb, but is not significantly affected by repeated antecedent hemarthrosis, or the injection of hyaluronidase or hydrocortisone. Le elimination de erythrocytos (marcate con Cr51 o Fe59) ab le articulation del genu es retardate per immobilisation del gamba. Illo non es afficite significativemente per repetite hemarthroses o per le injection de hyaluronidase o de hydrocortisona.
Escaping the World: Linguistic Indicators of Suicide Attempts in Poets

The purpose of this study was to determine features of language use in the texts of poets who committed suicide and to identify psychological factors contributing to depression and suicide. Texts of suicidal and non-suicidal poets were analyzed via the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. ANOVA and logistic regression analysis revealed predictors of suicide: higher percentage of words self-oriented, expressed negative emotions, ambiguity, exclusion attitude toward reality, and lower percentages of words related to others, world entitativity, and experiencing the world. The data support hypotheses that suicide is facilitated by weak social bonds, egocentrism, helplessness, and visions of an unordered, uncertain, and unsafe world.
Evolutionary conservation of a molecular machinery for export and expression of mRNAs with retained introns

Intron retention is one of the least studied forms of alternative splicing. Through the use of retrovirus and other model systems, it was established many years ago that mRNAs with retained introns are subject to restriction both at the level of nucleocytoplasmic export and cytoplasmic expression. It was also demonstrated that specific cis-acting elements in the mRNA could serve to bypass these restrictions. Here we show that one of these elements, the constitutive transport element (CTE), first identified in the retrovirus MPMV and subsequently in the human NXF1 gene, is a highly conserved element. Using GERP analysis, CTEs with strong primary sequence homology, predicted to display identical secondary structure, were identified in NXF genes from >30 mammalian species. CTEs were also identified in the predicted NXF1 genes of zebrafish and coelacanths. The CTE from the zebrafish NXF1 was shown to function efficiently to achieve expression of mRNA with a retained intron in human cells in conjunction with zebrafish Nxf1 and cofactor Nxt proteins. This demonstrates that all essential functional components for expression of mRNA with retained introns have been conserved from fish to man.
Simulation environment for studying overlap of communication and computation

Overlapping communication and computation allows both processors and network to be utilized concurrently and leads to two clear benefits: overall speedup and a reduction in network performance requirements. Still, it remains unclear how much overlap can be actually achieved in practice - in real-world applications. This work designs a precise simulation environment that measures how much a scientific MPI application can profit from overlapping communication and computation. The simulation takes into account a wide range of application properties and allows to study overlap on the configurable platform. Additionally, the environment can visualize the simulated time-behaviors, so the non-overlapped and overlapped executions can be compared both quantitatively and qualitatively, providing new insights into the mechanism and potential of overlap. We found that the overlapping potential is very limited by pattern by which an application computes on the communicated data. Finally, we identified as the the biggest benefit of overlap the fact that it can highly relax network constraints without consequently degrading performance.
Aortic Stiffness, Living Donors, and Renal Transplantation

In subjects with renal disease, reduced renal function and increased arterial stiffness are significantly associated in cross-sectional studies. The relationship is independent of age, blood pressure (BP), and atherosclerosis. Because both variables are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk, time-dependent relationships between them are important to determine. Aortic pulse wave velocity was measured noninvasively by comparison with healthy volunteers in 101 living kidney donors and their 101 corresponding recipients. Healthy volunteers were divided into 2 groups: one was recipient related through familial links and the other was nonrecipient related. Independently of age, gender, and BP, pulse wave velocity was significantly elevated in donors and recipients by comparison with the 2 groups of healthy volunteers. Pulse wave velocity was significantly higher in the recipient-related than in the nonrecipient-related group. Whereas in healthy volunteers, pulse wave velocity was exclusively related to age, gender, and BP, in donors and recipients, it was rather associated with a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking habits and plasma glucose. Major factors related to pulse wave velocity were renal: time since nephrectomy (donation date) in donors, in whom pulse pressure was specifically associated with proteinuria, and renal rejection in recipients. Plasma creatinine doubling secondary to chronic allograft nephropathy was significantly associated with renal rejection and donor pulse wave velocity, independent of age. Our findings strongly suggest consistent interactions (including familial factors) between kidney function and arterial stiffness. Assessment of cause–effect relationships and implication of biochemical and/or genetic factors warrant additional studies.
Implementation of the load balancing for multiple VPN server

This paper proposes a load balancing algorithm for multiple VPN equipments. According to the history flow data of each business node in a period, our algorithm calculates its statistical estimated flow, which is approximate to the real value. And then specifies a special server as a scheduling server. If a business node requests a VPN connection, first, it should communicate with the scheduling server. The scheduling server computed the current load of each VPN server, determines the VPN server the business node should connect, response the request business node with the VPN server's IP address. Finally, the node establishes a connection with the VPN server. Our algorithm not only considers the VPN server's own load condition but also the request business node's flow fluctuations, trying best to avoid the situation that different nodes' flow peak values superimpose in one VPN server at a special time. The experimental results show that our load balancing algorithm improves utilization rate as a whole; at the same time, it avoids the situation that in a period some of the VPN servers overload while others are in the idle condition.
Race, Crime and Injustice?Strip Search and the Treatment of Suspects in Custody

As Britain has become an increasingly diverse society, law enforcement and order maintenance have, almost inevitably, generated sharp conflicts of interest. Police relations with young people in general, lesbians and gay men, and gypsy and traveller groups have all caused concern in recent times. Greatest concern has, however, been reserved for the policing of Britain's black and minority ethnic communities, particularly those of African-Caribbean heritage. While the use of 'stop and search' has provided a key focus for such concern, less attention has been paid to what happens within the police station-although, historically, this has also been a source of considerable mistrust and tension. In this paper, we focus on a largely unexamined police power-the use of strip search. Using data from a single police station (Kilburn) in north London for the period May 1999 to September 2000, we assess the differential use of strip search with a particular focus on 'race'. The data suggest that this power is used more frequently in connection with arrestees of African-Caribbean origin than any others-even when other factors, such as age, sex and offence, are controlled for.
Hybrid artificial fish school algorithm for solving ill-conditioned linear systems of equations

Based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA), a hybrid artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The novel method makes full use of the quickly local convergent performance of PSO and the global convergent performance of AFSA, and then is used for solving ill-conditioned linear systems of equations. Finally, the numerical experiment results show that the hybrid artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm owns a good globally convergent performance with a faster convergent rate. It is a new way for solving ill-conditioned linear systems of equations.
Computational Models of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

During transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), controllable dose parameters are electrode number (typically 1 anode and 1 cathode), position, size, shape, and applied electric current. Because different electrode montages result in distinct brain current flow patterns across the brain, tDCS dose parameters can be adjusted, in an application-specific manner, to target or avoid specific brain regions. Though the tDCS electrode montage often follows basic rules of thumb (increased/decreased excitability “under” the anode/cathode electrode), computational forward models of brain current flow provide more accurate insight into detailed current flow patterns and, in some cases, can even challenge simplified electrode-placement assumptions. With the increased recognized value of computational forward models in informing tDCS montage design and interpretation of results, there have been recent advances in modeling tools and a greater proliferation of publications. In addition, the importance of customizing tDCS for potentially vulnerable populations (eg, skull defects, brain damage/stroke, and extremes of age) can be considered. Finally, computational models can be used to design new electrode montages, for example, to improve spatial targeting such as high-definition tDCS. Pending further validation and dissemination of modeling tools, computational forward models of neuromodulation will become standard tools to guide the optimization of clinical trials and electrotherapy.
Haptic Warning Signals at the Steering Wheel: A Literature Survey Regarding Lane Departure Warning Systems (Short Paper)

Using the haptic modality to transfer information to the driver is recognized as a promising possibility in many in-vehicle applications. In the field of lane departure warning systems, several haptic warning signals were presented in the last years. The application of synthetic steering wheel torque or vibration informs the driver of an imminent lane departure. In this paper, an approach to classify the existing signals is provided. The examination of the literature reveals diversity in type and parameterization of the warning signals as well as methodical differences, complicating comparability. While the general effectiveness of haptic warning signals at the steering wheel could be proven, there still is room for improvement. Based on the findings, the authors derive hypotheses concerning requirements from a user’s point of view.
The Effect of the Busy Season Workload on Public Accountants' Job Burnout

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the escalated workload of the public accounting “busy season” is a major contributor to employee “burnout. ” Academic research on the psychological impact of the busy season workload, however, is virtually absent from the accounting literature. We partially address this void by employing a longitudinal design and structural equation modeling to examine the causal impact of the busy season workload on public accountants' job burnout—a dysfunctional stress syndrome. Prior to the start of the busy season and again at its end, we measured hours worked, role stressors, and job burnout for a sample of public accountants from a national firm. The results of our analyses indicate that public accountants' pre‐busy season burnout was not directly affected by hours worked, even though subjects reported an average workload of 49 hours per week. This result implies that public accountants may develop a relatively high workload threshold before it directly impacts their job burnout. Duri.
WIFA-k: Ein neues Messinstrument zur zeitökonomischen Erfassung allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren nach Grawe

Zusammenfassung Die Identifikation spezifischer und allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren in psychotherapeutischen Behandlungen wird durch das Fehlen geeigneter Messinstrumente erschwert. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der Wirkfaktoren-Skala-kurz (WIFA-k) vor, eines neuen, zeitökonomischen Messinstrumentes zur Fremdeinschätzung allgemeiner Wirkfaktoren sensu Grawe. Im Rahmen einer Studie zum Vergleich von Kognitiver Therapie und Psychodynamischer Kurzzeit-Therapie bei Sozialer Phobie wurden jeweils 25 videografierte Sitzungen ausgewählt. Beurteiler schätzten mit Hilfe der WIFA-k den Therapieprozess hinsichtlich der allgemeinen Wirkfaktoren ein. Ressourcenaktivierung, Klärung und Problembewältigung konnten zeitökonomisch mit moderater Übereinstimmung bewertet werden, während Problemaktualisierung und therapeutische Beziehung nur mit geringer Übereinstimmung erfasst wurden. Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Reliabilität und zur Validierung der Skala werden diskutiert.
Faceted array antennas for adaptive beamforming applications

In this paper, the performance of adaptive array antennas conformed to different faceted structures, namely, 2-faceted, 3-faceted, 4-faceted and 8-faceted structures, are studied and compared with each other in the context of adaptive beamforming. Faceted array antennas are chosen because they can achieve a wider scanning range compared to planar arrays. Each of the faceted arrays consists of eight circularly polarised antennas operating at 2.4 GHz. Beamforming is achieved according to two different optimisation criteria, which are the minimised mean square error (MMSE) and the maximised signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (MSINR). The adaptive algorithm, Least Mean Square (LMS), and the bio-inspired algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), are used to calculate the complex excitations of the array elements in order to satisfy the optimisation criteria. The directivity of the 3-faceted array is high, 12.59 dBi, even when the desired signal is away from boresight. The results obtained suggest that the 3-faceted array is the most suitable for adaptive array applications compared to the other faceted structures.
Renal hemodynamics and arterial pressure during chronic intrarenal adenosine infusion in conscious dogs.

The major aim of this study was to examine the chronic effects of increased intrarenal adenosine (ADO) levels on control of renal hemodynamics and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In six uninephrectomized conscious dogs, intrarenal ADO infusion (2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) for 6 days caused no significant changes in MAP, which averaged 94 +/- 3 mmHg during the control period and 91 +/- 2 mmHg during ADO infusion. ADO infusion for 6 days decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and filtration fraction while causing no significant changes in effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) or sodium and water balance. To examine the role of angiotensin II (ANG II) in altering the blood pressure and renal effects of ADO, we also studied the effects of intrarenal ADO infusion in five uninephrectomized conscious dogs during continuous intrarenal infusion of ANG II (1 ng . kg-1 . min-1) to prevent renal levels of ANG II from decreasing. However, even when renal ANG II levels were maintained constant, ADO infusion at 2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 for 4 days and 10 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 for 5 days failed to alter MAP, which averaged 104 +/- 6 mmHg during the control period, 106 +/- 5 mmHg during infusion of 2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1, and 105 +/- 5 mmHg during infusion of 10 micrograms. kg-1 . min-1 ADO. Intrarenal ANG II infusion did not prevent decreases in GFR and filtration fraction during ADO infusion. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gait and step training to reduce falls in Parkinson's disease.

INTRODUCTION Frequent falls and risk of injury are evident in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) as the disease progresses. There have been no reports of any interventions that reduce the incidence of falls in idiopathic PD. PURPOSE Assess the benefit of gait and step perturbation training in individuals with PD. DESIGN Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING Outpatient research, education and clinical center in a tertiary care Veterans Affairs Medical Center. OUTCOME MEASURES Gait parameters, 5-step test, report of falls. SUBJECTS Eighteen men with idiopathic PD in stage 2 or 3 of the Hoehn and Yahr staging. METHODS Subjects were randomly assigned to a trained or control group. They were asked about any falls 2 weeks prior to and after an 8 week period. Gait speed, cadence, and step length were tested on an instrumented walkway. Subjects were timed while stepping onto and back down from an 8.8 cm step for 5 consecutive steps. Gait training consisted of walking on a treadmill at a speed greater than over ground walking speed while walking in 4 directions and while supported in a harness for safety. Step training consisted of suddenly turning the treadmill on and off while the subject stood in the safety harness facing either forwards, backwards, or sideways. Training occurred 1 hour per day, three times per week for 8 weeks. A two-factor (time and group) analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare the groups. RESULTS Substantial reduction occurred in falls in the trained group, but not in the control group. Gait speed increased in the trained group from 1.28+/-0.33 meters/sec to 1.45+/-0.37 meters/sec, but not in the control group (from 1.26 to 1.27 m/s). The cadence increased for both groups: from 112.8 to 120.3 steps/min for the trained group and 117.7 to 124.3 steps/min for the control group. Stride lengths increased for the trained group, but not the control group. The 5-step test speed increased in the trained group from 0.40+/-0.08 steps/sec to 0.51+/-0.12 steps/sec, and in the control group (0.36+/-0.11 steps/sec to 0.42+/-0.11 steps/sec). CONCLUSION Gait and step perturbation training resulted in a reduction in falls and improvements in gait and dynamic balance. This is a promising approach to reduce falls for patients with PD.
A 5-GS/s 10-b 76-mW Time-Interleaved SAR ADC in 28 nm CMOS

This paper presents a 5-GS/s 12-way 10-b time-interleaved successive approximation register (SAR) ADC for direct sampling receivers. Proper signal and clock distribution along the multiple channels are utilized to mitigate interchannel bandwidth and timing mismatches. A digitally assisted calibration is introduced to remove the interchannel offset, gain, and timing mismatch. The T-type bootstrapped sampling switches minimize the interchannel crosstalk among top-plate sampling SAR channels and the signal-dependent leakage current during SAR conversion cycles. The power efficiency of this ADC is significantly improved by many design techniques. The merged capacitor switching algorithm leads to high switching efficiency and a smaller area. The modified reference voltage scheme optimizes input common-mode voltage of the comparators. The optimal subradix-2 capacitive DAC results in low-power reference buffers and higher conversion speed. This ADC achieves 49-dB SNR, 52-dB THD, and 42-dB SNDR up to Nyquist frequency at 5 GS/s, consumes 76 mW from 1 V supply, and occupies 0.57 mm $^{{ {2}}}$ in 28 nm CMOS technology. The implemented architecture also demonstrates high scalability to advanced CMOS technology nodes and has even higher power efficiency potential.