Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameters for milk production of Australian beef cows and weaning weight of their calves.

Estimates of covariance components were obtained for milk production of beef cows, measured by the weigh-suckle-weigh method, and weaning weight and preweaning growth of their calves for a herd of Polled Herefords and a herd of a multibreed synthetics, so-called Wokalups. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood fitting an animal model incorporating both direct and maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects and allowing for the direct-maternal covariances. Average 14-h milk yield was 3.6 kg for Herefords and 4.9 kg for Wokalups and heritabilities were . 12 and . 08, respectively. Treating preweaning gain of the calf as a trait of the cow, estimates of the additive genetic and permanent environmental correlations between preweaning gain and milk yield were higher for Herefords (.73 and 1.00, respectively) than for Wokalups (.53 and .77). Bivariate analyses of milk production (treated as a trait of the cow) and weaning weight (treated as a trait of the calf) showed virtually no direct additive genetic, direct permanent environmental, or phenotypic association between the two traits but identified strong correlations between direct effects for milk yield and maternal effects for weaning weight. The estimate of the direct-maternal genetic correlation between milk yield and weaning weight was . 80 for both breeds, and the estimated correlation between direct, permanent environmental effects for milk yield and maternal, permanent environmental effects on weaning weight was unity for Herefords and . 89 for Wokalups. Results indicate that milk production is the main determinant of maternal effects on the growth of beef calves with breed differences in the importance of maternal effects largely attributable to differences in milk production.
Matrix fitting approach to direction of arrival estimation with imperfect spatial coherence of wavefronts

The performance of high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods significantly degrades in several practical situations where the wavefronts have imperfect spatial coherence. The original solution to this problem was proposed by Paulraj and Kailath (1988), but their technique requires a priori knowledge of the matrix characterizing the loss of wavefront coherence along the array aperture. A novel solution to this problem is proposed, which does not require a priori knowledge of the spatial coherence matrix.
Quebec child mental health survey: prevalence of DSM-III-R mental health disorders.

The Quebec Child Mental Health Survey (QCMHS) was conducted in 1992 on a representative sample of 2400 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years from throughout Quebec. Prevalences of nine Axis-I DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) mental health disorders were calculated based on each informant (for 6-11-year-olds: child, parent, and teacher; for 12-14-year-olds: child and parent). Informant parallelism allows the classification of results of the demographic variables associated with disorders in the logistic regression models. This strategy applies to group variables (correlates of disorders) whereas informant agreement applies to individual diagnoses. Informant parallelism implies that results for two informants or more are in the same direction and significant. In the QCMHS, informant parallelism exists for disruptive disorders, i.e. in two ADHD regression models (child and parent) higher rates among boys and young children, and in three oppositional/conduct disorders regression models (child, parent, and teacher) higher rates among boys. No informant parallelism is observed in the logistic regression models for internalizing disorders, i.e. the patterns of association of demographic variables with anxiety and depressive disorders vary across informants. Urban-rural residence does not emerge as a significant variable in any of the logistic regression models. The overall 6-month prevalences reach 19.9% according to the parent and 15.8% according to the child. The implications of the results for policy makers and clinicians are discussed.
Clinical implications of collateral middle cerebral artery flow in acute ischaemic stroke with internal carotid artery occlusion

Background and purpose: The presence of collateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow via the primary collateral pathway is thought to protect against the progression of cerebral ischaemia. However, there have been few reports on early clinical outcomes according to the presence of collateral MCA flow in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Therefore, we sought to investigate the early clinical outcomes and lesion patterns according to the presence of collateral MCA flows in AIS with ICA occlusion.
Factors Influencing Men Entering the Nursing Profession, and Understanding the Challenges Faced by Them: Iranian and Developed Countries’ Perspectives

Context: Men entering the nursing profession have been investigated from several different perspectives. Due to male gender characteristics and existing public image, nursing is often not considered as a career choice by men. Whether nursing would benefit from increased number of men is a key question in the literature. The purpose of this integrative review of the literature was to identify factors influencing men to enter the nursing profession. In addition, it sought to understand the challenges they are confronted within this profession. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic search of the existing literature was performed using an Internet search with broad keywords to access related articles in both Persian and English databases. Finally, 34 studies (written between 2000 and early 2013) were selected and surveyed. Results: Most of the studies were conducted in developed counties. The review identified reasons why males choose nursing, and other challenges facing men entering and working in nursing. Themes that emerged from the literature include educational and societal barriers experienced by men in nursing, recruitment, career choice, and role strain. Conclusions: Regarding men’s influences on professional development, and also the importance of gender-based caring, policies for recruitment and retention of men in nursing must be followed hastily. However, there is a need for further research regarding the challenges faced by men entering nursing, in both Iran and other developing countries.
Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Childhood Leukemia: Appraising the Evidence

Childhood leukemia is the most common cause of malignancy under the age of 15, representing an annual incidence rate of 43 cases per million in the United States. Confirmed clinical and epidemiologic associations explain less than 10% of disease incidence, leaving 90% of cases with an unclear etiology. To effectively study leukemia in children, one must recognize that this disease has a multifactorial causal mechanism and a heterogeneous biological composition. In addition, the timing of environmental exposures and genetic changes related to disease risk must be considered. This review of both environmental and genetic risk factors for childhood leukemia evaluates the current published literature and synthesizes the available knowledge. Furthermore, attention is directed to expected sources of new advances and the compelling current issues that need to be addressed before further progress can be made. We discuss parental occupational exposures, air pollution, other chemical exposures such as household solvents and pesticides, radiation, dietary factors, immunological factors, socioeconomic status, and genetic susceptibility. We hope to provide the reader with an understanding of the challenge and promise that characterizes the current and future directions in childhood leukemia research.
Rab 7: an important regulator of late endocytic membrane traffic

Rab5 and rab7 proteins belong to a superfamily of small molecular weight GTPases known to be associated with early and late endosomes, respectively. The rab5 protein plays an important regulatory role in early endocytosis, yet the function of rab7 protein was previously uncharacterized. This question was addressed by comparing the kinetics of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G protein internalization in baby hamster kidney cells overexpressing wild-type or dominant negative mutant forms of the rab7 protein (rab7N125I and rab7T22N). Overexpression of wild-type rab7 protein allowed normal transport to late endosomes (mannose 6-phosphate receptor positive), while the rab7N125I mutant caused the VSV G protein to accumulate specifically in early (transferrin receptor positive) endosomes. Horseradish peroxidase and paramyxovirus SV5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) were used in quantitative biochemical assays to further demonstrate that rab7 function was not required for early internalization events, but was crucial in downstream degradative events. The characteristic cleavage of SV5 HN in the late endosome distinguishes internalization from transport to later stages of the endocytic pathway. Mutant rab7N125I or rab7T22N proteins had no effect on the internalization of either horseradish peroxidase or SV5 HN protein. In contrast, the mutant proteins markedly inhibited the subsequent cleavage of the SV5 HN protein. Taken together, these data support a key role for rab7, downstream of rab5, in regulating membrane transport leading from early to late endosomes. We compare our findings to those obtained for the yeast homologues Ypt51p, Ypt52p, Ypt53p, and Ypt7p.
Protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and their combination against antitubercular drugs induced hepatic damage: an experimental study

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of two Indian medicinal plants Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), Phyllanthus emblica (Pe), and their combination, in a rat model of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide induced hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was assessed using a composite score assigned to histopathological findings of degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. The antituberculosis treatment (ATT), when given for 90 days, induced significant degeneration and necrosis (score: 7.5; p < 0.01 vs vehicle) associated with morphological changes. However, no change was found in the serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Co‐administration of silymarin (positive control, 50 mg/kg) with ATT protected against necrosis (score: 1.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Tc (100 mg/kg) showed a reduction in liver damage (score: 6.5), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, Pe (300 mg/kg) prevented the necrotic changes to a significant extent (grade: 100; p < 0.05 vs ATT; score: 5.5). Combination of Tc and Pe in their therapeutic doses (1:3) significantly prevented the necrosis (score: 3.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Similar effects were seen even when the doses were halved and were comparable to the silymarin group. Thus, this study proves the synergistic protective effects exerted by the combination of Tc and Pe when co‐administered with ATT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blends, a Structural and Systemic View

B LENDS, AS THOMAS PYLES (1952, p. 181) has observed, "are very frequent nowadays. Many of them are nonce usages, and a bare list might be expanded for pages. The process is, of course, not at all new, and its very lack of subtlety probably accounts for its popularity; moreover, it is very easy to perform. " In these comments, Pyles has focused on two of the most important characteristics of blended words: their antiquity and their modern popularity. The latter is attested by the many examples listed in twentieth-century studies of blends (Bergstr6m 1906; Wood 1911, 1912, 1915; Pound 1913a, 1913b, 1914; Horn 1921; Withington 1931, 1933, 1939; Wentworth 1934; Plate 1934; Behr 1935; Koziol 1937; Berrey 1939; Meredith 1948; Marchand 1960; Berman 1961; Hansen 1963; Hockett 1967; Soudek 1967, 1977; Adams 1973; Bryant 1974). 1 As evidence of the former, Pyles (1971, p. 298) has cited hathel 'nobleman' from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an apparent blend of athel 'noble' and haleth 'warrior. ' Undoubtedly there are many such older examples, but ancient blends that have survived to become established in the
Diminished prepartal plasma calcitonin concentration on cows developing parturient hypocalcemia.

Immunoreactive calcitonin and calcium concentrations were determined on 581 plasma samples collected during 23 studies on 20 cows. Sample collections in each study was begun approximately 1 month prior to parturition and continued for about 1 month after parturition. The cows were grouped according to the degree of hypocalcemia encountered at parturition. The parturient paresis group consisted of 10 cows which developed severe hypocalcemia (3.91 plus or minus 0.22 mg/100 ml, mean plus or minus se) accompanied by paresis; the nonparetic hypocalcemic group consisted of 5 cows which developed severe hypocalcemia (5.70 plus or minus 0.03 mg/100 ml) but not paresis; and the control group consisted of 8 cows which experienced only a mild hypocalcemia (8.50 plus or minus 0.27 mg/100 ml) at parturition. In the prepartal period prior to the onset of hypocalcemia, the respective mean plasma calcium concentrations (plus or minus se) of the 3 groups were 10.1 plus or minus 0.11, 9.95 plus or minus 0.20, and 10.2 plus or minus 0.17 mg/100 ml. The development of severe hypocalcemia in the parturient paresis and nonparetic hypocalcemic groups was not accompanied by an increase in plasma calcitonin concentration. Furthermore, plasma calcitonin concentraion of these 2 groups was less than that of control cows during the parturient period as well as during the month before and the month after parturition. The plasma calcium nadir at parturition was positively related to the mean prepartal (encompassing the period from 30 days until 60 h before parturition) plasma calcitonin concentration (r = 0.57, t= 3.14, p less than 0.005); i.e., the lower the prepartal plasma calcitonin concentration the more severe the hypocalcemia at parturtion. These observations suggest that the development of hypocalcemia at parturition is not due to an increased secretion of calcitonin, but instead they suggest that parturient hypocalcemia may be associated with a diminished prepartal secretion of calcitonin.
A matrix synthesis approach to thermal placement

In this paper, we consider the thermal placement problem for gate arrays. We introduce a new combinatorial optimization problem, matrix synthesis problem (MSP), to model the thermal placement problem. Given a list of mn nonnegative real numbers and an integer t, MSP constructs a m/spl times/n matrix out of the given numbers such that the maximum sum among all t/spl times/t submatrices is minimized. We show that MSP is NP-complete and present several provably good approximation algorithms for the problem. We also demonstrate that our thermal placement strategy is flexible enough to allow simultaneous consideration of other objectives such as wiring.
Impact of information availability on starvation mitigation and delay minimal delivery in ICRCNs

This paper looks into an Intermittently Connected Roadside Communication Network (ICRCN) scenario comprising two isolated source Stationary Roadside Units (SRUs) relying on mobile smart vehicles to relay data to a destination SRU. In this case, it was shown in [1] that the downstream source SRU may suffer from a significant starvation problem. As such, a Markov decision process framework was established therein to identify a suitable Bulk Release Decision Policy (BRDP). BRDP was then implemented within a Starvation Mitigation and Delay-Minimal (SMDM) delivery scheme. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the level of information availability at the upstream non-starving node on the performance of the SMDM scheme. In particular, extensive simulations are conducted for the purpose of quantifying the ability of SMDM to jointly mitigate starvation and achieve minimal end-to-end bundle delivery delay under conditions of perfect, imperfect, and no information availability at the nonstarving node.
Techniques d'adaptation dans les jeux ludiques et sérieux

L'adaptation dans les jeux qu'ils soient ludiques ou serieux est une fonctionnalite importante qui permet d'individualiser et contextualiser l'experience de jeu. Elle permet egalement de gerer la frustration des joueurs- apprenants tout en augmentant leurs motivations. Cet article presente l'etat de l'art des travaux traitant de l'adaptation dans les jeux ludiques et serieux. Ces travaux sont ensuite analyses suivant un cadre d'evaluation qui determine le perimetre, les parametres, le modele de l'adaptation ainsi que le type de jeu : mono ou multi joueurs. L'analyse de l'etat de l'art montre que la realisation de jeux serieux multi-joueurs adaptables souleve des problemes importants a tous les niveaux allant de la conception jusqu'a la gestion des vues et interactions avec les joueurs-apprenants. Ceci nous conduit a identifier le developpement de jeux serieux multi-joueurs adaptables comme un defi majeur a aborder par la communaute a moyen terme.
The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies.

OBJECTIVE To better understand the absolute and relative risks of bloodstream Infection (BSI) associated with the various types of intravascular devices (IVDs), we analyzed 200 published studies of adults In which every device in the study population was prospectively evaluated for evidence of associated infection and microbiologically based criteria were used to define IVD-related BSI. METHODS English-language reports of prospective studies of adults published between January 1, 1966, and July 1, 2005, were identified by MEDLINE search using the following general search strategy: bacteremla [Medical Subject Heading, MeSH] OR septicemia [MeSH] OR bloodstream Infection AND the specific type of intravascular device (e.g., central venous port). Mean rates of IVD-related BSI were calculated from pooled data for each type of device and expressed as BSIs per 100 IVDs (%) and per 1000 IVD days. RESULTS Point incidence rates of IVD-related BSI were lowest with peripheral Intravenous catheters (0.1%, 0.5 per 1000 IVD-days) and midline catheters (0.4%, 0.2 per 1000 catheter-days). Far higher rates were seen with short-term noncuffed and nonmedicated central venous catheters (CVCs) (4.4%, 2.7 per 1000 catheter-days). Arterial catheters used for hemodynamic monitoring (0.8%, 1.7 per 1000 catheter-days) and peripherally inserted central catheters used in hospitalized patients (2.4%, 2.1 per 1000 catheter-days) posed risks approaching those seen with short-term conventional CVCs used in the Intensive care unit. Surgically implanted long-term central venous devices--cuffed and tunneled catheters (22.5%, 1.6 per 1000 IVD-days) and central venous ports (3.6%, 0.1 per 1000 IVD-days)--appear to have high rates of Infection when risk Is expressed as BSIs per 100 IVDs but actually pose much lower risk when rates are expressed per 1000 IVD-days. The use of cuffed and tunneled dual lumen CVCs rather than noncuffed, nontunneled catheters for temporary hemodlalysis and novel preventive technologies, such as CVCs with anti-infective surfaces, was associated with considerably lower rates of catheter-related BSI. CONCLUSIONS Expressing risk of IVD-related BSI per 1000 IVD-days rather than BSIs per 100 IVDs allows for more meaningful estimates of risk. These data, based on prospective studies In which every IVD in the study cohort was analyzed for evidence of infection by microbiologically based criteria, show that all types of IVDs pose a risk of IVD-related BSI and can be used for benchmarking rates of infection caused by the various types of IVDs In use at the present time. Since almost all the national effort and progress to date to reduce the risk of IVD-related Infection have focused on short-term noncuffed CVCs used in Intensive care units, Infection control programs must now strive to consistently apply essential control measures and preventive technologies with all types of IVDs.
The p-median Problem with Order for Two-Source Clustering

In this paper we present a hybrid approach to integrative clustering based on the p-median problem with clients’ preferences. We formulate the problem of simultaneous clustering of a set of objects, characterized by two sets of features, as a bi-level p-median model. An exact approach involving a branchand-cut method combined with the simulated annealing algorithm is used, that allows one to find a two-source clustering. The proposed approach is compared with some well-known mathematical optimisation based clustering techniques applied to the NCI-60 tumour cell line anticancer drug screen dataset. The results obtained demonstrate the applicability of our approach to find competitive integrative clusterings.
Hierarchical Classification of Gene Ontology Terms Using the Gostruct Method

Protein function prediction is an active area of research in bioinformatics. Yet, the transfer of annotation on the basis of sequence or structural similarity remains widely used as an annotation method. Most of today's machine learning approaches reduce the problem to a collection of binary classification problems: whether a protein performs a particular function, sometimes with a post-processing step to combine the binary outputs. We propose a method that directly predicts a full functional annotation of a protein by modeling the structure of the Gene Ontology hierarchy in the framework of kernel methods for structured-output spaces. Our empirical results show improved performance over a BLAST nearest-neighbor method, and over algorithms that employ a collection of binary classifiers as measured on the Mousefunc benchmark dataset.
Causality analysis defines neural streams of orienting and holding of attention

Previous studies with effective connectivity analysis have revealed neural streams of orienting of attention. However, neural streams involved in holding of attention on the fovea remain unclear. To identify them, we performed event-related functional MRI with a cueing paradigm and Granger causality analysis. Typical regions along the dorsal attention network (DAN) showed greater activation during orienting than during holding of attention. However, causality analysis indicated that neural streams appeared along the DAN in a top–down manner during orienting, whereas streams from widely distributed regions to the left prefrontal cortex appeared and these were dissociable from the DAN during holding of attention. Our results suggest that dissociable neural streams contribute to orienting and holding of attention, respectively.
Numerical simulation of laminar reacting flows with complex chemistry

We present an adaptive algorithm for low Mach number reacting flows with complex chemistry. Our approach uses a form of the low Mach number equations that discretely conserves both mass and energy. The discretization methodology is based on a robust projection formulation that accommodates large density contrasts. The algorithm uses an operator-split treatment of stiff reaction terms and includes effects of differential diffusion. The basic computational approach is embedded in an adaptive projection framework that uses structured hierarchical grids with subcycling in time that preserves the discrete conservation properties of the underlying single-grid algorithm. We present numerical examples illustrating the performance of the method on both premixed and non-premixed flames. M This article features multimedia enhancements available from the supplemental page in the online journal.