Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of Partial Protection against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Guinea Pigs by Neutralization with the Integrin β6-1 Subunit

The mechanism by which the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) initiates infection of cells is thought to involve the attachment of the viral capsid to host integrins on the surface of target cells. However, the role of integrins in FMDV infection still needs to be fully understood, although it has been demonstrated that integrin αvβ6 interferes with FMDV in vitro and results in neutralization of its infectivity. In the present study, we describe the cloning and sequencing of suckling mouse integrin β6 and the subsequent expression of two segments of integrin β6 extracellular domains: β6-1 (which contains the ligand-binding domain) and β6-2. Sequencing of the mouse integrin β6 subunit revealed close homology (~90%) with its human counterpart. When recombinant integrin extracellular domains β6-1 and β6-2 formulated with adjuvant were inoculated into guinea pigs, anti-integrin antibody expression was high before FMDV challenge. Interestingly, guinea pigs (50%) inoculated with integrin β6-1 were protected from FMDV infection; in contrast, none of the animals inoculated with integrin β6-2 were protected. This result indicates that an integrin blockade may be able to interfere with FMDV infection in vivo, which raises the possibility that targeting integrin in vivo may be the basis for a new strategy to control FMDV infection.
Shiftable Multi-scale TransformsEero

Orthogonal wavelet transforms have recently become a popular representation for multi-scale signal and image analysis. One of the major drawbacks of these representations is their lack of translation invariance: the content of wavelet subbands is unstable under translations of the input signal. Wavelet transforms are also unstable with respect to dilations of the input signal, and in two dimensions, rotations of the input signal. We formalize these problems by deening a type of translation invariance that we call \shiftability". In the spatial domain, shiftability corresponds to a lack of aliasing; thus, the conditions under which the property holds are speciied by the sampling theorem. Shiftability may also be considered in the context of other domains, particularly orientation and scale. We explore \jointly shiftable" transforms that are simultaneously shiftable in more than one domain. Two examples of jointly shiftable transforms are designed and implemented: a one-dimensional transform that is jointly shiftable in position and scale, and a two-dimensional transform that is jointly shiftable in position and orientation. We demonstrate the usefulness of these image representations for scale-space analysis, stereo disparity measurement, and image enhancement.
Fine-Scale Linkage Mapping Reveals a Small Set of Candidate Genes Influencing Honey Bee Grooming Behavior in Response to Varroa Mites

Populations of honey bees in North America have been experiencing high annual colony mortality for 15–20 years. Many apicultural researchers believe that introduced parasites called Varroa mites (V. destructor) are the most important factor in colony deaths. One important resistance mechanism that limits mite population growth in colonies is the ability of some lines of honey bees to groom mites from their bodies. To search for genes influencing this trait, we used an Illumina Bead Station genotyping array to determine the genotypes of several hundred worker bees at over a thousand single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a family that was apparently segregating for alleles influencing this behavior. Linkage analyses provided a genetic map with 1,313 markers anchored to genome sequence. Genotypes were analyzed for association with grooming behavior, measured as the time that individual bees took to initiate grooming after mites were placed on their thoraces. Quantitative-trait-locus interval mapping identified a single chromosomal region that was significant at the chromosome-wide level (p<0.05) on chromosome 5 with a LOD score of 2.72. The 95% confidence interval for quantitative trait locus location contained only 27 genes (honey bee official gene annotation set 2) including Atlastin, Ataxin and Neurexin-1 (AmNrx1), which have potential neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects. Atlastin and Ataxin homologs are associated with neurological diseases in humans. AmNrx1 codes for a presynaptic protein with many alternatively spliced isoforms. Neurexin-1 influences the growth, maintenance and maturation of synapses in the brain, as well as the type of receptors most prominent within synapses. Neurexin-1 has also been associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia in humans, and self-grooming behavior in mice.
Volunteer Motivation, Satisfaction, and Management at an Elite Sporting Competition

The purpose of this study was to investigate attributes of satisfaction and motivation for volunteers at an elite sporting competition and the implications of this for effective event management, A survey of 300 volunteers was undertaken immediately following the Scott Tournament of Hearts, the Canadian Women's Curling Championship, held in Thunder Bay in March 1996, The 28- item Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale was tested in this study, resulting in four empirically supported factors termed purposive, solidary, external traditions, and commitments. The study measured the level of satisfaction with the general volunteer experience and with specific aspects of the administrative and managerial conditions. This study found that particular attributes of the event organization and competition facility played a role in volunteer satisfaction.
Explaining modern economics (as a microcosm of society).

The persistence of mainstream economists with methods of mathematical-deductive modelling that, most agree, do not perform well is something of a puzzle. Here I show this phenomenon to be a special case of (gendered) tendencies in play in society at large, and I offer a psychological explanation. Copyright The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved. , Oxford University Press.
Better care of immature infants; has it influenced long-term pulmonary outcome?

AIMS To assess whether lung function in late childhood had improved in subjects born extremely prematurely in the early 1990s compared to the early 1980s, and whether neonatal factors in the respective periods had different impact on long-term pulmonary outcome. DESIGN Population-based, controlled cohort study. Lung function was determined in 81 of 86 (94%) eligible subjects born with gestational age < or =28 weeks or birthweight < or =1000 g in Western Norway in 1982-85 (n=46) and 1991-92 (n=35), and in 81 matched control subjects born at term. RESULTS The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was similar in the two periods. At follow-up, airway obstruction, hyper-responsiveness and pulmonary hyperinflation were similarly increased in both preterm cohorts compared to matched controls. Furthermore, current lung function was similarly related to neonatal respiratory disease in both birth-cohorts: FEV1 was reduced with respectively 18.6% and 18.7% of predicted in preterms dependent on supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Lack of antenatal treatment with corticosteroids and prolonged neonatal oxygen treatment predicted similar significant airway obstruction in the two birth-cohorts. CONCLUSION Preterms born in different eras of neonatology had similar long-term decreases in lung function. Long periods of oxygen supplementation are still required to salvage immature infants, and airway obstruction may still be a common long-term outcome.
Evaluating Au and Pd contacts in mono and multilayer MoS2 transistors

The search of a p-type metal contact on MoS<sub>2</sub> has remained inconclusive, with high work-function metals such as Au, Ni and Pt showing n-type behavior [1] and mixed reports of n as well as p-type behavior for Pd. In this work we report for the first time, quantitative band alignment of Pd and Au-MoS<sub>2</sub> interfaces using low temperature and scanning photocurrent measurements on MoS<sub>2</sub> transistors with varying metal contacts (Au-Au, Pd-Pd and Au-Pd). Our results indicate n-type behavior for Pd contacts on multilayer as well as monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> transistors and a barrier height (Φ<sub>b</sub>) of nearly 0.5 eV, four times that for Au contacts indicating that the MoS<sub>2</sub> Fermi-level is pinned in the upper half of MoS<sub>2</sub> bandgap.
Imaging in Head and Neck Cancers

This article reviews the role of imaging, imaging characteristics and significance of individual imaging modalities as well as the newer imaging modalities in the evaluation of head and neck cancer. In the pretreatment evaluation, imaging is performed primarily to determine the stage of tumor and to look for an occult primary. It helps in obtaining tissue samples to establish the diagnosis, and treatment planning if radiotherapy is considered. Postsurgery and radiotherapy changes can be differentiated from residual or recurrent pathology on imaging. Imaging also plays an important role in assessing the response to treatment.
Case Report of a Person with Down's Syndrome and Multiple Personality Disorder

A case is presented of an individual with Down's syndrome and multiple personality disorder. No such cases were found in a review of the literature. Three other individuals with Down's syndrome are also discussed whose symptoms range from experiencing imaginary friends to experiencing borderline multiple personality disorder. In all these cases the imaginary friends became more evident and resistive of diversion as the levels of stress increased. We speculate that experiencing imaginary friends progresses to experiencing multiple personality disorder in some individuals as personal stress increases. These cases also indicate that limited cognitive development does not preclude individuals from presenting with imaginary friends or multiple personality disorder.
A Technical Report: Entity Extraction using Both Character-based and Token-based Similarity

Entity extraction is fundamental to many text mining tasks such as organisation name recognition. A popular approach to entity extraction is based on matching sub-string candidates in a document against a dictionary of entities. To handle spelling errors and name variations of entities, usually the matching is approximate and edit or Jaccard distance is used to measure dissimilarity between sub-string candidates and the entities. For approximate entity extraction from free text, existing work considers solely character-based or solely token-based similarity and hence cannot simultaneously deal with minor variations at token level and typos. In this paper, we address this problem by considering both character-based similarity and token-based similarity (i.e. two-level similarity). Measuring one-level (e.g. character-based) similarity is computationally expensive, and measuring two-level similarity is dramatically more expensive. By exploiting the properties of the two-level similarity and the weights of tokens, we develop novel techniques to significantly reduce the number of sub-string candidates that require computation of two-level similarity against the dictionary of entities. A comprehensive experimental study on real world datasets show that our algorithm can efficiently extract entities from documents and produce a high F1 score in the range of [0.91, 0.97].
Muslim businesswomen doing boundary work: The negotiation of Islam, gender and ethnicity within entrepreneurial contexts

This article discusses how female entrepreneurs of Moroccan and Turkish origin in the Netherlands construct their ethnic, gender and entrepreneurial identities in relation to their Muslim identity. We contribute to theory development on the interrelationship of work identities with gender, ethnicity and religion through an intersectional analysis of these women's gender and ethnic identities within their entrepreneurial contexts and in relation to their Muslim identity. We draw on four narratives to illustrate how the women interviewed perform creative boundary work at these hitherto under-researched intersections. Islam is employed as a boundary to let religious norms and values prevail over cultural ones and to make space for individualism, honour and entrepreneurship. Moreover, different individual religious identities are crafted to stretch the boundaries of what is allowed for female entrepreneurs in order to resist traditional, dogmatic interpretations of Islam. Our study contributes to studies on entrepreneurship by showing how these female entrepreneurs gain agency at the crossroads of gender, ethnicity and religion.
Tetra Detector Analysis of Membrane Proteins

Well‐characterized membrane protein detergent complexes (PDC) that are pure, homogenous, and stable, with minimized excess detergent micelles, are essential for functional assays and crystallization studies. Procedural steps to measure the mass, size, shape, homogeneity, and molecular composition of PDCs and their host detergent micelles using size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) with a Viscotek Tetra Detector Array (TDA; absorbance, refractive index, light scattering, and viscosity detectors) are presented in this unit. The value of starting with a quality PDC sample, the precision and accuracy of the results, and the use of a digital benchtop refractometer are emphasized. An alternate and simplified purification and characterization approach using SEC with dual absorbance and refractive index detectors to optimize detergent and lipid concentration while measuring the PDC homogeneity is also described. Applications relative to purification and characterization goals are illustrated as well. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 77:29.10. 1‐29.10. 30. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Detection of the optic disc in images of the retina using the Hough transform

We propose a method to locate automatically the optic disc (OD) in fundus images of the retina. Based on the properties of the OD, our proposed method includes edge detection using the Sobel or the Canny method, and detection of circles using the Hough transform. The Hough transform assists in the detection of the center and radius of a circle that approximates the margin of the OD. Based on the feature that the OD is one of the bright areas in a fundus image, potential circles detected by the Hough transform are analyzed using intensity. Forty images of the retina from the DRIVE database were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The success rates including both good and acceptable detections were 92.50% using the Sobel operators and 80% using the Canny edge detector.
The End of Ambiguity? Presidents versus Parties or the Four Phases of the Fifth Republic

This article adopts a long-term view of the Fifth Republic. It argues that there are historically two partly contradictory readings of the institutions created by the constitution of 1958: a presidential and a partisan reading. The first grants the president the role of a consensual arbiter at the heart of the executive. The partisan reading or logic puts the parties at the centre stage of a more parliamentary political system with the president as some kind of super prime minister. Both logics have co-existed in permanent tension. The authors show that the changing balance between the two logics has determined several successive phases in the evolution of French politics. They argue that the second logic has progressively supplanted the first. The constitutional revisions of 2000 and 2008 may, moreover, have institutionalised the partisan logic and presidentialisation of the Fifth Republic.
Task complexity as a driver for collaborative learning efficiency: The collective working-memory effect

Kirschner, F. , Paas, F. , & Kirschner, P. A. (2011). Task complexity as a driver for collaborative learning efficiency: The collective working-memory effect. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25, 615–624. doi: 10.1002/acp.1730.
A hybrid watermarking scheme using Contourlet transform and fuzzy logic

In this paper, we develop a hybrid watermarking scheme using fuzzy logic to obtain optimal parameters based on Contourlet transform domain. Depending on type of application; the results will be affected if these parameters don't match with its requirements. In order to getting a flexible operation and discovering knowledge's experts, we use linguistic variables, fuzzy logic. We deploy the fuzzy logic control system that defines fuzzy parameters for each application. Our approach improves the performance of the watermarking technique by comparing to other techniques and showing in experimental results.
Strategic Choice in the Analysis of Action, Structure, Organizations and Environment: Retrospect and Prospect

This paper examines the place of the strategic choice perspective in the study of organizations and considers its contemporary contribution. The main fea tures of the original analysis are summarized, followed by a review of the key issues which arise from it. The paper discusses the integrative potential of strategic choice theory within organization studies and examines its contribu tion to an evolutionary perspective on the subject.
Workplace Bullying: An Integrative Literature Review

Workplace bullying is a phenomenon that appears widely in research literature in a variety of disciplines. The review found that a concise definition for workplace bullying was not available in the literature and in the United States there was a lack of federal legislation addressing workplace bullying. This integrative review reports that bullying is categorized as work related, personal, and physical/threatening. These behaviors occurring in the workplace negatively impact both the individual and organization. Outcomes to individuals are viewed in terms of impacting work, health (physical and emotional), and affective domains such as motivation. Negative organizational impacts of workplace bullying are classified in terms of cost, productivity, reputation, legal issues, and organizational culture. This review suggests methods that HRD professionals can implement to help individuals and organizations reduce workplace bullying. Suggestions are provided for future empirical research for HRD professions in relation to workplace bullying.
Estilos Parentais e a Adaptação Psicossocial da Criança ao Pré-Escolar

The present study aimed to analyze the similarities and differences in parenting styles of mothers and fathers of children in preschool and the associations between the different parenting styles and children's psychosocial adaptation to the preschool context. Some studies indicate that different parenting styles influence the children behavior in preschool age. The participants in this study are 300 bi-parental families; children were aged between 3 and 5 years, and 155 females and 111 males and their respective parents. The date on the parenting styles of both parents were collected by Parenting Styles and Dimensions Scale (Robinson, Mandleco, Olsen, & Hart, 2001). While the date of the social competence of children were collected by the teachers through the Social Competence Scale and Behavior Rating (LaFreniere & Dumas,1996). The results point to the fact that both parents show a very high correlation between the adoptions of the same parenting styles. Regarding the relationship of parenting styles of both parents with behavior that children manifest in preschool, it was found that both the father and the mother have authoritative influence on aggressive behavior with children, however there was no relationship with isolation, while the mother has authoritative influence on behavior of children's social competence, the parents are more authoritarian and the children are less sociable.
The building of the neocortex with non‐hyperpolarizing neurotransmitters

The development of the neocortex requires the synergic action of several secreted molecules to achieve the right amount of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural cells. Neurons are well known to release neurotransmitters (NTs) in adult and a growing body of evidences describes the presence of NTs already in the embryonic brain, long before the generation of synapses. NTs are classified as inhibitory or excitatory based on the physiological responses of the target neuron. However, this view is challenged by the fact that glycine and GABA NTs are excitatory during development. Many reviews have described the role of nonhyperpolarizing GABA at this stage. Nevertheless, a global consideration of the inhibitory neurotransmitters and their downstream signaling during the embryonic cortical development is still needed. For example, taurine, the most abundant neurotransmitter during development is poorly studied regarding its role during cortical development. In the light of recent discoveries, we will discuss the functions of glycine, GABA, and taurine during embryonic cortical development with an emphasis on their downstream signaling. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1023–1037, 2017
Consensus statement of the European group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) on management of Graves' orbitopathy.

Luigi Bartalena, Lelio Baldeschi, Alison J. Dickinson, Anja Eckstein, Pat Kendall-Taylor, Claudio Marcocci, Maarten P. Mourits, Petros Perros, Kostas Boboridis, Antonella Boschi, Nicola Curro, Chantal Daumerie, George J. Kahaly, Gerasimos Krassas, Carol M. Lane, John H. Lazarus, Michele Marino, Marco Nardi, Christopher Neoh, Jacques Orgiazzi, Simon Pearce, Aldo Pinchera, Susanne Pitz, Mario Salvi, Paolo Sivelli, Matthias Stahl, Georg von Arx, and Wilmar M. Wiersinga
CADASIL and CARASIL

CADASIL and CARASIL are hereditary small vessel diseases leading to vascular dementia. CADASIL commonly begins with migraine followed by minor strokes in mid‐adulthood. Dominantly inherited CADASIL is caused by mutations (n > 230) in NOTCH3 gene, which encodes Notch3 receptor expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Notch3 extracellular domain (N3ECD) accumulates in arterial walls followed by VSMC degeneration and subsequent fibrosis and stenosis of arterioles, predominantly in cerebral white matter, where characteristic ischemic MRI changes and lacunar infarcts emerge. The likely pathogenesis of CADASIL is toxic gain of function related to mutation‐induced unpaired cysteine in N3ECD. Definite diagnosis is made by molecular genetics but is also possible by electron microscopic demonstration of pathognomonic granular osmiophilic material at VSMCs or by positive immunohistochemistry for N3ECD in dermal arteries.
Freeman K-set

Figure 1: A. Topological hierarchy of K-sets, in which (+) means excitation and () means inhibition. B. Simulated impulse responses for open loop (interactions are suppressed by anesthesia), mutual excitation (KIe), and negative feedback (KII). C. Experimental open loop impulse response fitted with solution to an ODE representing the dynamics of an ensemble of neurons made non-interactive by anesthesia and modeled with a KOe set. The same forms hold for the KOi set. The rate constants have been shown to hold in closed-loop interactive states. From (Freeman, 1975, Fig. 1.6, p. 40). Dr. Walter J. Freeman, University of California, Berkeley, California