Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of density-of-state tails on band-to-band tunneling: Theory and application to tunnel field effect transistors

It is demonstrated how band tail states in the semiconductor influence the performance of a Tunnel Field Effect Transistor (TFET). As a consequence of the smoothened density of states (DOS) around the band edges, the energetic overlap of conduction and valence band states occurs gradually at the onset of band-to-band tunneling (BTBT), thus degrading the sub-threshold swing (SS) of the TFET. The effect of the band tail states on the current-voltage characteristics is modelled quantum-mechanically based on the idea of zero-phonon trap-assisted tunneling between band and tail states. The latter are assumed to arise from a 3-dimensional pseudo-delta potential proposed by Vinogradov [1]. This model potential allows the derivation of analytical expressions for the generation rate covering the whole range from very strong to very weak localization of the tail states. Comparison with direct BTBT in the one-band effective mass approximation reveals the essential features of tail-to-band tunneling. Furthermore, an .
Time evolution of Wigner function in dissipative quantum systems using entangled trajectory molecular dynamics

Abstract. The dissipative quantum systems are treated using Klein-Kramers equation, combined with the Gaussian kernel trajectory ensemble, for time evolution of Wigner function ρw(q,p,t) in phase space. The entangled trajectory molecular dynamics approach is used to obtain trajectory solutions for the Klein-Kramers equation with three models: free particle, damped harmonic oscillator andmetastable potential. It is found that the performance of semiclassical Wigner propagation is effectively for the relaxation of damped harmonic oscillator and dissipative decay of a metastable state. In addition, the energy of trajectory ensemble decays faster with smaller friction value and changes slightly with variable temperature parameters.
Bergmann Glial AMPA Receptors Are Required for Fine Motor Coordination

Crucial Cerebellar Glial Cells The role of glial cells and their interaction with neurons in normal behavior is unclear. To address this question, Saab et al. (p. 749, published online 5 July) studied a special type of glial cell in the cerebellum. Conditional mutant mice were produced in which the two glutamate receptor subunits normally present in Bergmann glial cells were efficiently ablated in a temporally controlled manner. Glutamate signaling of the glial cells contributed to the structural and functional integrity of the cerebellar network. Bergmann glial cells also played a role in the “fine-tuning” of neuronal processing, which is crucial for the fast and precise control of complex motor behavior. Signaling by glial cells helps to preserve cerebellar neurons that control movements. The impact of glial neurotransmitter receptors in vivo is still elusive. In the cerebellum, Bergmann glial (BG) cells express α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)–type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) composed exclusively of GluA1 and/or GluA4 subunits. With the use of conditional gene inactivation, we found that the majority of cerebellar GluA1/A4-type AMPARs are expressed in BG cells. In young mice, deletion of BG AMPARs resulted in retraction of glial appendages from Purkinje cell (PC) synapses, increased amplitude and duration of evoked PC currents, and a delayed formation of glutamatergic synapses. In adult mice, AMPAR inactivation also caused retraction of glial processes. The physiological and structural changes were accompanied by behavioral impairments in fine motor coordination. Thus, BG AMPARs are essential to optimize synaptic integration and cerebellar output function throughout life.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Market Liquidity: Evidence from African Countries

Purpose: This study analyzed impact of COVID-19 on market liquidity. Specifically, the study examines the causal relationship that existed between daily growth of reported cases and market liquidity in selected African countries. Methodology: The study used quantitative approach and panel design from African Stock Markets. It also employed the use of AMIHUD liquidity ratio to measure market depth of Liquidity. Findings: The findings indicate mixed results that daily growth of reported cases impacted negatively the market liquidity for Egypt, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Contrary, the daily reported cases had a positive impact on the market liquidity in Morocco. The reported cases of COVID-19 had no significant impact on the market liquidity for Botswana, Ghana, Tunisia, Zambia, Uganda and Kenya. Additionally, the number of reported deaths had a negative influence on market liquidity in Morocco. It is recommended that Governments should provide transparent and timely information about the state of the pandemic and its impact on the economy, and promote remote work to limit the spread of communicable diseases and minimize their impact on market liquidity and the economy at large. Originality/Value: This study is meant to raise public awareness on how COVID19 pandemic has impacted the liquidity of capital markets. It is trusted that the suggested recommendations will enable the regulatory authorities to react timely and in a more transparent way in case of pandemic occurance, hence reduce their impacts on performance of capital markets.
European Journal of Public Health Studies-ISSN 2668-1056

The mining industry continues to be an important sector of the Ghanaian economy, contributing to the foreign exchange, employment and socioeconomic development after the colonial period. The current trend of mining operations requires greater skills and technical knowledge because they involve sophisticated machines, dangerous chemicals and explosive mechanisms, underground operations etc. Accidents in the mines just like any occupational accident may lead to deaths, injuries, disabilities and financial losses. One of the ways of improving occupational knowledge and skills is to acquire some level of understanding of accident causation mechanism. An analytical technique which will form the basis for accident and injury epidemiological studies is therefore necessary to ensure operational safety improvement. A retrospective statistical analysis of accidents in eight gold mining companies was undertaken through measures of association, hypothesis testing, trend analysis and predictive measurements. The results of the study indicate that 20% of accident cases resulted in deaths, 30% were serious and 50% minor accidents. Underground mining increases the risk fatal accident by 1.46, morning shift increases the risk of fatal accident by 4.81 and being a contract miner increases the risk of fatal accident by 1.05. The part of body injured can predict the degree of injury by reducing the error of prediction by 40.2%. Since proportion of accident fatalities increases with increasing age of miners, it is recommended that miners with higher age should not be task with high risk jobs. It is recommended again that, miners should be given improved protective clothes to guide against occurrences of fatal incidents. Especially, clothes to cover the head and upper part of the body since they top the fatality chart and the fact that fatality is strongly associated with body part. i Correspondence: email fpong39@yahoo.com, kwakye95@yahoo.com Francis Frimpong, Kingsley Kwakye DETERMINANTS OF ACCIDENT IN THE MINES: A RETROSPECTIVE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF MINING ACCIDENTS IN GHANA European Journal of Public Health Studies Volume 3 │ Issue 2 │ 2020 38
Effect of Feature-selective Attention on Neuronal Responses in Macaque Area Mt 1 2

28 Attention influences visual processing in striate and extrastriate cortex, which has been extensively 29 studied for spatial-, object-, and feature-based attention. Most studies exploring neural signatures of 30 feature based attention have trained animals to attend to an object identified by a certain feature and 31 ignore objects/displays that were identified by a different feature. Little is known about the effects of 32 feature selective attention, where subjects attend to one stimulus feature domain (e.g. the color) of an 33 object, while features from different domains (e.g. the direction of motion) of the same object are 34 ignored. To study this type of feature-selective attention in area MT in the middle temporal sulcus, 35 we trained macaque monkeys to attend to and report either the direction of motion of a moving sine 36 wave grating (a feature for which MT neurons display strong selectivity), or attend to and report its 37 color, a feature for which MT neurons have very limited selectivity. We hypothesized that neurons 38 would up-regulate their firing rate during attend to direction of motion conditions, compared to attend 39 to color conditions. We found that feature-selective attention significantly affected 22% of the MT 40 neurons. Contrary to our hypothesis, these neurons did not necessarily increase their firing rate when 41 animals attended to the direction of motion, but fell into one of two classes. In one class, attention to 42 color increased the gain of stimulus induced responses, compared to attend-direction conditions. The 43 other class displayed the opposite effects. Feature-selective activity modulations occurred earlier in 44 neurons modulated by attention to color, compared to neurons modulated by attention to motion 45 direction. Thus, feature-selective attention influences the neuronal processing in macaque area MT, 46 but often exhibited a mismatch between the preferred stimulus dimension (direction of motion) and 47 the preferred attention dimension (attention to color). 48 49 50 Introduction 51 Attentional modulation of activity in visual areas can be divided into three commonly-studied 52 'Space-based attention' refers to attention which is 54 directed at particular regions of the visual field, and its effects are detectable in the responses of 55 neurons with receptive fields that correspond to the attended locations. 'Object-based attention' refers 56 to a heightening in sensitivity towards specific combinations of features that characterise an attended 57 object (Fallah et al. 59 2000) refers to attention directed at a specific stimulus …
The Application of Greedy Algorithm in Real Life

Greedy algorithm, also known as voracity algorithm, and is simple and easy to adapt to the local area of the optimization strategy. In other words, every time it makes the choice is the best choice in the current. It is not considered from the point of view of the overall optimization to consider, but every time the choice is only in a sense of the local optimal choice. So, for a problem, we should consider whether it can use the greedy algorithm strategy, and whether the solution we find is the optimal solution. It is not an overall optimal solution to any problem, but most of the problems with a wide range of problems can be solved by the global optimal solution or the similar solution of the global optimal solution. With the arrival of the era of big data, a large number of data information needs to be processed in a timely manner, In order to meet the needs of people to deal with a large number of data information, and to solve various practical problems in a timely manner, computer algorithm got the rapid development, A large number of operations research models have been applied to the computer algorithm, which has produced many effective algorithms to solve practical problems. Greedy algorithm in solving the problem, it is from the initial stage, in each stage is to make a local optimal greedy choice. Each time the greedy choice transforms the original problem into a sub problem of the same form as the original problem. Greedy algorithm has no fixed algorithm framework, the key of the design algorithm is the choice and determination of greedy strategy.
State Identification of ECS Turbine Bearing Based on Fractal Dimension

According to nonlinear characteristics of vibration signals measured on the turbine used in the aircraft environment control system (ECS), the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) together with fractal dimension analysis is investigated in the paper to extract characteristic quantities for the goal of fault diagnosis of turbine bearings. Firstly, in order to filter noise signal vibration and advance signal-to-noise signals under different statements of bearings, including normal bearing, inner ring fault, outer ring fault, and cage fault, are decomposed by EEMD. Then correlation dimension of those signals phase is calculated, contrasted, and analyzed after space reconstruction. The experimental result shows that the correlation dimension, as nonlinear geometric invariants, can be used as the characteristic quantity of ECS turbine bearing on running state. Moreover, this method can accurately and effectively identify the running state of the bearing.
Measurements of the Principal Axis of Frozen Hemispheric Water Droplets

Freezing experiments on supercooled hemispheric water drops of an approximate 1mm in diameter were carried out from a point of view of the formation mechanisms of the origin of polycrystallization of frozen cloud droplets. Hemispheric water drops were seeded with a basal plane and a prism plane of single crystalline ice of needle type in the temperature ranges of -17 to -20*, 20 to -23* and 23 to -26*, respectively. Notable polycrystallization occurred when hemispheric water drops were seeded with basal planes of single crystalline ice of needle type. The axial angle between the c-axis of a seeding crystal and that of a frozen hemispheric water drop had a prominent peak around 70* at all temperatures from -17 to 26*. The axial angle between the c-axes of neighbouring two crystals making up a frozen hemispheric water drop had peaks around 70*, 55* and 40*. Based upon these angles in this experiment, a possible arrangement of the c-axes of crystals making up a frozen water droplet was proposed.
On the statics and dynamics of fully confined bubbles

We investigate theoretically the statics and dynamics of bubbles in fully confined liquids, i.e. in liquids surrounded by solid walls in all directions of space. This situation is found in various natural and technological contexts (geological fluid inclusions, plant cells and vessels, soil tensiometers, etc.), where such bubbles can pre-exist in the trapped liquid or appear by nucleation (cavitation). We focus on volumetric deformations and first establish the potential energy of fully confined bubbles as a function of their radius, including contributions from gas compressibility, surface tension, liquid compressibility and elastic deformation of the surrounding solid. We evaluate how the Blake threshold of unstable bubble growth is modified by confinement and we also obtain an original bubble stability phase diagram with a regime of liquid superstability (spontaneous bubble collapse) for strong confinements. We then calculate the liquid velocity field associated with radial deformations of the bubble and strain in the solid, and we predict large deviations in the kinematics compared to bubbles in extended liquids. Finally, we derive the equations governing the natural oscillation dynamics of fully confined bubbles, extending Minnaert’s formula and the Rayleigh–Plesset equation, and we show that the compressibility of the liquid as well as the elasticity of the walls can result in ultra-fast bubble radial oscillations and unusually quick damping. We find excellent agreement between the predictions of our model and recent experimental results.
RULE OF LAW: AN INITIAL ANALYSIS OF SECURITY OFFENCES (SPECIAL MEASURES) ACT (SOSMA) 2012

The term ‘Internal Security Act’ is often given to a piece of legislation laying down regulations that enable the executive government of a jurisdiction to preserve the internal security of the nation. In some jurisdictions, it authorises the government to arrest and detain individuals without trial. The Malaysian Internal Security Act (ISA) 1960 was originally enacted by the Malaysian government in 1960 under Article 149 of the Malaysian Constitution. However, there were numerous concerns raised as to the implications of this Act at various levels over the years and this led to it being repealed. On 15 September 2011, ISA 1960 was repealed and replaced by the Security Offences (Special Measures) (SOSMA) Act 2012. SOSMA 2012 was enacted in answer to the criticism of the ISA 1960 and it does show some positive changes. However, the debate as to the concerns with regards to ISA has not been laid to rest. It is advocated and generally accepted by most people around the world that the nation’s emphasis on domestic stability cannot be said to negate the presence of the Rule of Law (RoL). The purpose of this research is to analyse the relatively intriguing new Act, the SOSMA 2012 with the specific objective to identify whether it upholds the principles deemed necessary under the RoL.
Metasurface Optical Solar Reflectors Using AZO Transparent Conducting Oxides for Radiative Cooling of Spacecraft

Optical solar reflectors are devices that combine high reflection for visible wavelengths with a strong emissivity in the infrared. Compared to the conventional rigid quartz tiles used on spacecraft since the 1960s, thin-film solutions can offer a significant advantage in weight, assembly, and launch costs. Here, we present a metasurface-based approach using an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) transparent conducting oxide as infrared plasmonic material. The AZO is patterned into a metasurface to achieve broad plasmonic resonances with an enhanced absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the thermal infrared. In the visible range, the transparent conducting oxide provides low losses for solar radiation, while intrinsic absorption losses in the ultraviolet range are effectively suppressed using a multilayer reflecting coating. The addition of high-emissivity layers to the stack eventually results in comparable emissivity values to the thin plasmonic device, thus defining a window of opportunity for plasmonic absorption.
Distributed adaptive formation control for non‐identical non‐linear multi‐agents systems based on sliding mode

This study investigates the distributed control strategy for handling the time-invariant and time-varying formation tracking problem of a class of non-linear nonidentical leader-follower multi-agent systems with uncertainties and unknown external disturbances. Firstly, the neighbour-based distributed finite-time observers are proposed for the followers to estimate the position and velocity of the leader. Then, two novel distributed adaptive formation control algorithms based on the approximation capability of neural networks and sliding mode are developed. One can prove that, with the proposed observer and the control laws, all the followers will reach the desired time-invariant or time-varying formation tracking, and achieve the consistent velocity with the leader in spite of uncertainties and disturbances. Finally, illustrative simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.
Methyl (S p)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-1-carboxylate

The title compound, [Fe(C5H5)(C19H16O2P)], obtained serendipitously during recrystallization of 1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl (S p)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene-1-carboxylate from methanol, crystallizes in the chiral space group P212121. Its crystal structure not only confirms the anticipated absolute configuration but also establishes a rather regular geometry for the ferrocene unit, devoid of any significant deformation due to the attached substituents. In the crystal, symmetry-related molecules are linked via weak C—H⋯O interactions.
Influence of food emulsifiers on cellular function and inflammation, a preliminary study

Emulsifiers are extensively used as food additives and their consumption is increasing in Western countries. However, so far only few studies examined their potential effects on intestinal cellular functions and gut inflammation. The aim of this preliminary analysis was to study the emulsifiers and their concentrations capable of causing cellular damage compared to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). We tested two commonly used emulsifiers (EMI, EMII) and EVOO on Caco-2 cells, derived from a colon carcinoma and widely used as a model of the intestinal inflammation. The diphenyltetrazolium bromide test MTT and clonogenic assay were used to study the effect of emulsifiers on cell viability. Cell migration was determined by the wound-healing assay. The inflammation was studied by measuring the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), multifunctional cytokines with a major role in the acute-phase response. Furthermore, we analyzed the effect of conditioned media of Caco-2 cells treated with EMs on macrophages activation. In conclusion, our preliminary data provide evidence that EMs increase the proliferation and migration rate of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, Caco-2 cells treated with EMs enhance the IL-6 and CCL2 release and activated macrophages, supporting their role as proinflammatory molecules.
An Embedded High-Precision GNSS-Visual-Inertial Multi-Sensor Fusion Suite

Because of the high complementarity between global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and visual-inertial odometry (VIO), integrated GNSS-VIO navigation technology has been the subject of increased attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose an embedded high-precision multi-sensor fusion suite that includes a multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSS module, a consumption-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU)
Metric Unfolding Revisited: Straight Answers to Basic Questions

Marketing researchers commonly interpret joint-space solutions as if the distances between the points from different sets are meaningful. This is our practice despite appropriate warnings from the authors of joint-space methods that the origin (or metric) of the row objects is not the same as the origin (or metric) of the column objects ? making inter-set distances meaningless. We develop a method of metric unfolding where, given only the inter-set judgments, we still retrieve a joint space in which inter-set distances are meaningful. We illustrate this method using: a) a classic car-preference data typically analyzed with MDPref, b) an example involving children? s wear in which splitting the stimuli into two groups and collecting inter-set similarities substantially reduces the data collection burden, while providing a readily interpretable perceptual map, c) individual level inter-set judgments of soft drinks to obtain individual level perceptual maps, d) adjective-association data for athletic shoes to produce a joint space for brand image, and e) asymmetric switching data from the Japanese beer market to reflect clout and vulnerability. The ability to properly employ inter-set distances as simple distances greatly facilitates interpretation of these joint-space solutions.
Interdependency amongst earthquake magnitudes in Southern California

ABSTRACT Recent research has shown that for the larger earthquakes recorded () within the global centroid moment tensor (gCMT) there is a positive correlation between the magnitudes of earthquakes and the magnitudes of their aftershocks [13]. Through a modification of model independent stochastic de-clustering [12] and a more localized catalog provided by the Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC), the methodologies of Nichols and Schoenberg can be extended to catalogs complete with a much lower minimum magnitude of completeness (). Results indicate that the positive correlation observed between larger earthquakes in the gCMT catalog and their aftershocks is also evident in the relationship between the magnitudes of earthquakes in the SCEDC data and their aftershocks. However, with the lower minimum magnitude of completeness found in the SCEDC catalog and with short periods of extreme earthquake activity evident within the data, the statistical power of the stochastic de-clustering algorithms to distinguish between mainshocks and aftershocks is diminished.