Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Rice Aboveground Biomass by UAV Imagery with Photosynthetic Accumulation Models

The effective and accurate aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation facilitates evaluating crop growth and site-specific crop management. Considering that rice accumulates AGB mainly through green leaf photosynthesis, we proposed the photosynthetic accumulation model (PAM) and its simplified version and compared them for estimating AGB. These methods estimate the AGB of various rice cultivars throughout the growing season by integrating vegetation index (VI) and canopy height based on images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The results indicated that the correlation of VI and AGB was weak for the whole growing season of rice and the accuracy of the height model was also limited for the whole growing season. In comparison with the NDVI-based rice AGB estimation model in 2019 data (R2 = 0.03, RMSE = 603.33 g/m2) and canopy height (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 283.33 g/m2), the PAM calculated by NDVI and canopy height could provide a better estimate of AGB of rice (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 136.81 g/m2). Then, based on the time-series analysis of the accumulative model, a simplified photosynthetic accumulation model (SPAM) was proposed that only needs limited observations to achieve R2 above 0.8. The PAM and SPAM models built by using 2 years of samples successfully predicted the third year of samples and also demonstrated the robustness and generalization ability of the models. In conclusion, these methods can be easily and efficiently applied to the UAV estimation of rice AGB over the entire growing season, which has great potential to serve for large-scale field management and also for breeding.
Evaluating Biofilm Inhibitory Potential in Fish Pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila by Agricultural Waste Extracts and Assessment of Aerolysin Inhibitors Using In Silico Approach

Aeromonas hydrophila, an opportunistic bacteria, causes several devastating diseases in humans and animals, particularly aquatic species. Antibiotics have been constrained by the rise of antibiotic resistance caused by drug overuse. Therefore, new strategies are required to prevent appropriate antibiotic inability from antibiotic-resistant strains. Aerolysin is essential for A. hydrophila pathogenesis and has been proposed as a potential target for inventing drugs with anti-virulence properties. It is a unique method of disease prevention in fish to block the quorum-sensing mechanism of A. hydrophila. In SEM analysis, the crude solvent extracts of both groundnut shells and black gram pods exhibited a reduction of aerolysin formation and biofilm matrix formation by blocking the QS in A. hydrophila. Morphological changes were identified in the extracts treated bacterial cells. Furthermore, in previous studies, 34 ligands were identified with potential antibacterial metabolites from agricultural wastes, groundnut shells, and black gram pods using a literature survey. Twelve potent metabolites showed interactions between aerolysin and metabolites during molecular docking analysis, in that H-Pyran-4-one-2,3 dihydro-3,5 dihydroxy-6-methyl (−5.3 kcal/mol) and 2-Hexyldecanoic acid (−5.2 kcal/mol) showed promising results with potential hydrogen bond interactions with aerolysin. These metabolites showed a better binding affinity with aerolysin for 100 ns in molecular simulation dynamics. These findings point to a novel strategy for developing drugs using metabolites from agricultural wastes that may be feasible pharmacological solutions for treating A. hydrophila infections for the betterment of aquaculture.
An Algorithm for Solving the Assignment Problem

For the convenience to build decision-making supporting system related to the assignment problem, a numerical algorithm is presented for solving the assignment problem in this paper。 The theory, on which the algorithm depends, is proved strictly. The algorithm, which can find the optimal solution to the assignment problem, has the merits to be programmed easily and of good convergence, and many numerical experiments have verified its great practicalness and effectiveness.
Shear behavior of SiCf/SiC interface under the thermo-chemo-mechanical influence and machine-learning-based interfacial microstructure design

The mechanical behavior of composite interface can be influenced by multiple factors, including the morphological roughness, the structure of coating interphase, and the temperature. Here, high-throughput molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to investigate the entangled effects of these factors on the shear stiffness G , the friction coefficient μ , the debonding strain ϵd and stress τd , of SiCf/SiC interface. We find that G is maximized by small roughness and high temperature for the optimal chemical bonding effect; μ and ϵd are maximized by large roughness and low temperature, taking advantage of the mechanical interlocking effect while avoiding cusp softening; τd demonstrates two local maxima which result from the competition between chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking. Provided the MD simulation results, a variational autoencoder (VAE) model is proposed to design the microstructure of SiCf/SiC interface for desired shear properties. According to the validations, the VAE-predicted interfacial configuration demonstrates highly similar shear properties to the reference one, justifying its potential for the microstructure design of composite interface. The results of this work can be employed to facilitate the development of SiCf/SiC composite by taking advantage of the synergistic effects of multiple designable factors.
Abstract Interpretation of FIFO channels

We address the analysis and the verification of communicating systems, which are systems built from sequential processes communicating via unbounded FIFO channels. We adopt the Abstract Interpretation approach to this problem, by defining approximate representations of sets of configuration of FIFO channels. In this paper we restrict our attention to the case where processes are finite-state processes and the alphabet of exchanged messages is finite. We first focus on systems with only one queue, for which we propose an abstract lattice based on regular languages, and we then generalize our proposal to systems with several queues. In particular, we define for these systems two abstract lattices, which are resp. non-relational and relational abstract lattices. We use those lattices for computing an over-approximation of the reachability set of a CFSM. Our experimental evaluation shows that, for some protocols, we obtain results that are as good as those obtained by exact methods founded on acceleration techniques. \\ Nous nous interessons a l'analyse et a la verification de systemes communiquants, qui sont des systemes formes de processus sequentiels communiquant par des files de communication non bornees. Nous proposons de suivre l'approche de l'interpretation abstraite, en definissant des representations approchees pour les ensembles de configuration de files de communication. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous nous restreignons au cas ou les processus sont d'etat fini et l'alphabet des messages echanges est egalement fini. Nous etudions d'abord les systemes avec une seule file de communication, pour lesquels nous proposons un treillis abstrait fonde sur les langages reguliers, puis generalisons notre proposition aux systemes avec plusieurs files. En particulier nous definissons pour ces derniers deux treillis abstraits, le premier non-relationel et le second relationel, c'est-a-dire capable de representer des proprietes liant deux files de communication differentes. Nous utiliserons ces treillis pour calculer une sur-approximation de l'ensemble d'atteignabilite d'un CFSM. Notre evaluation experimentale montre que nous obtenons, sur certains protocoles, des resultats aussi bons que ceux obtenus par des methodes exactes fondees sur des techniques d'acceleration.
A novel tube for sperm density gradient centrifugation procedure

Objective: Density gradient centrifugation (DGC), swim up (SU), or a combination of DGC and SU is used to prepare sperm for infertility treatments using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of a new device for detecting sperm DGC. Methods: Sperm samples were collected from 119 males who required semen analysis at three different in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers (71 samples from Center A, 28 samples from Center B, and 20 samples from Center C). Semen samples were divided into two groups for DGC: (1) a normal centrifugation tube and (2) a specially designed RC-Tube. The sperm concentration, motility, and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were assessed using DGC. Sperm concentration and motility were assessed using a MAKLER counting chamber. Sperm DFI was measured and analyzed using flow cytometry using a DFI Kit. Results: There were no significant differences in sperm concentrations recovered following DGC between the two groups (31.1% ± 1.7% vs. 28.8% ± 1.3%). Sperm motility was not significantly different following the DGC procedure in both groups (77.6% ± 1.6%. vs. 75.8% ± 1.6%). The percentage of sperm DFI was also not significantly different following DGC between the two groups (10.4% ± 1.0% vs. 10.5% ± 1.0%). Conclusions: The newly designed RC-Tube is efficient for sperm DGC and can be used to simplify sperm preparation for infertility treatment.
Multiple parameters joint estimation via single signal subspace

The eigenvalues estimation and association of subspace rotation invariance is an improtant problem in the multidimensional spectral and array processing.This paper exploits multiple invariance subspace of the second-order statistic of the observations collected from parallel crossed dipoles uniform linear array,and automatically paired frequency,two-dimensional directions and the polarization of incoming narrow-band signals via single signal subspace as long as each signal parameters are unique.The algorithm provides multiple parameter estimation via single eigenvector matrix that neither requires any expensive search procedure nor any other pairing strategy.Moreover it does not break down if several independent signals have common parameters.The Monte Carlo simulations are shown to be in close agreement with theoretically analysis.
Phytochemical Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Properties of Different Parts of Andrographis macrobotrys Nees

Andrographis macrobotrys Nees is an ethnomedicinal plant belonging to the family Acanthaceae, distributed in the moist deciduous and semi-evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats of India. The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical composition and bioactive chemical components using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and to check the antioxidant potential of the plant part extracts. A. macrobotrys roots, stems, and leaves were obtained from the species’ natural habitat in the Western Ghats, India. The bioactive compounds were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor at 55–60 °C for 8 h in methanol. Identification analysis of A. macrobotrys bioactive compound was performed using GC-MS. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals was carried out, and the antioxidant capacity of the plant extracts was determined by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) and ferric reducing assays (FRAP). A. macrobotrys has a higher concentration of phenolics in its stem extract than in its root or leaf extracts (124.28 mg and 73.01 mg, respectively), according to spectrophotometric measurements. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as azulene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, benzoic acid, 4-ethoxy-ethyl ester, eicosane, 3-heptadecanol, isopropyl myristate, hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, 1-butyl-cyclohexanol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, alpha-monostearin, and 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone belonging to various classes of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, fatty acids, and aromatic compounds. Significant bioactive phytochemicals include 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone, azulene, salvigenin, squalene, and tetrapentacontane. In addition, the antioxidant capability of each of the three extracts was assessed. The stem extract demonstrated impressive DPPH scavenging and ferric reduction activities, with EC50 values of 79 mg/mL and 0.537 ± 0.02 OD at 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated the importance of A. macrobotrys as a source of medicine and antioxidants.
A Review on the Use of Active Power Filter for Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Conversion Systems

Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energies are integrated into the grid due to their low global emissions and higher power conversion efficiency techniques. Grid-connected inverters are the core components of distributed generation networks. However, several harmonic current and voltage variations affect the performance of circuits in grid-connected networks. These issues can be easily resolved using passive filters, static vector generators, and dynamic energy filters (APFs). In higher-level units, the cost, dimensions, and weight of passive filters increase proportionally. The purpose of this research is to evaluate advanced APFs for reducing power switches and grid-connected weight, cost, and scale. Several studied APF inverter topologies, including single-phase, three-phase AC–AC, back-to-back, and common parameters, have been considered. Cost-effective solutions such as PV-based transformers based on APF, fewer inverters, multiple and multifunctional inverters, and wind-assisted conversion systems have been studied.
Depression Severity Is Different in Dysosmic Patients Who Have Experienced Traumatic Brain Injury Compared with Those Who Have Not

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans can result in olfactory, cognitive, and affective changes. Surprisingly, research on the consequences of TBI often did not control for olfactory function in the investigated groups. Consequently, the affective or cognitive differences might be misleading as related rather to different olfactory performance than to a TBI experience. Hence, our study aimed to investigate whether TBI occurrence would lead to altered affective and cognitive functioning in two groups of dysosmic patients, one with TBI experience and one without. In total, 51 patients with TBI experience and 50 controls with varied causes of olfactory loss were thoroughly examined in terms of olfactory, cognitive, and affective performance. Student t-tests demonstrated that the only significant difference between the groups appeared in the depression severity, with TBI patients being more depressed (t = 2.3, p = 0.011, Cohen’s d = −0.47). Regression analyses further showed that TBI experience was significantly associated with depression severity (R2 = 0.05, F [1, 96] = 5.5, p = 0.021, beta = 1.4). In conclusion, the present study showed that TBI experience is linked to depression, which is more pronounced compared to individuals with olfactory loss without TBI.
Impact of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on tropical Indian Ocean sea surface height: An assessment from CMIP6 models

This study examined the sea level (SL) changes on the interdecadal timescale in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) in response to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) in 20 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The analysis suggests that the interdecadal sea level pattern variation in the Thermocline Ridge of the Indian Ocean (TRIO) area coincides with the IPO phases and is mainly caused by fluctuations of surface forcing over the TIO. Changes in tropical wind stress curl (WSC) mainly induce the SL variability on the interdecadal timescale associated with IPO in the TRIO region in both observations and models. The stochastic wind forcing and its interaction with the ocean's internal variability produce significant interdecadal SL fluctuation in the southeast Indian Ocean. We evaluated the ability of 20 CMIP6 models to capture interdecadal variations in sea level teleconnections. We found that about 75% of models reproduce decadal fluctuations related to IPO pretty well. The interdecadal variations of the SL in the western TIO emerge primarily in response to westward propagating downwelling Rossby waves induced by the WSC in the central‐south TIO in MMM, and models as in observations. Pacific IPO‐related anomalies primarily spread through the oceanic pathways of the Maritime Continent in the eastern Indian Ocean. Further, the IPO induces changes in the western Indian Ocean WSC through atmospheric pathways, which in turn causes Rossby waves to move westward, affecting the southwest Indian SL. Almost all the models and MMM show interdecadal SL variations in TIO associated with IPO. This study is beneficial as interdecadal prediction research on SL has a significant societal need.
THE ASYMMETRIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND NON-PERFORMING LOANS: EVIDENCE FROM THE BANKING INDUSTRY OF INDONESIA

Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) represent a risk that can significantly affect the financial performance of banks. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic determinants of NPLs in the Indonesian banking industry from 2005Q1 to 2019Q4. It adopts a novel approach, namely the nonlinear autoregressive distributed model and provides evidence that changes in macroeconomic conditions have an asymmetrical effect on NPLs in conventional banks, conventional rural banks, Islamic banks
Thermal load and efficiency optimization for a flashlamp-pumped Er:YAG laser

Repetitive operation of flashlamp pumped 3 pm Er:YAG lasers is limited by thermal effects which are due to high threshold energies Eth per pulse.1 There are three main pumping processes, here labeled as R1, R2, and W, that populate the Er3+ laser states 4I11/2 and 4I13/2.
Trapping and squeezing of vortices in voids directly observed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we have studied quantized magnetic fluxes (vortices) that penetrated nanosized superconductors with void structures inside. The void structures act as a pinning center for the vortices, and the trapped vortices are confined and squeezed inside. When multiple vortices are trapped in voids, a cluster of vortices and a giant vortex were formed as a result of the squeezing, depending on the depth and the size of the trapping potential.
Launcher Study for KSTAR 5 GHz LHCD System

A 5 GHz Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system with 2 MW is under development for the steady-state operations of the KSTAR. The present design of fully active waveguide launcher gives very good spectral directivity of more than 90 % for the phase shift of 90 degrees and a wider N‖ range of 1.4 to 3.6 with a width ∆N‖ = 0.54. For the steady-state operations of the KSTAR, a Glidcop/SS sandwiched grill is proposed with consideration of heat and disruption loads. A PAM (Passive-Active Multi-junction)-type launcher is also studied for the possibility of use for the KSTAR. The PAM-type launcher provided good coupling properties even at lower edge densities in FTU 8 GHz PAM launcher tests. However, it gives a lower current drive efficiency compared with the conventional grill because of reduced directivities. The Passive/Active grill has 30 % less directivity than the Fully Active grill from the characteristic studies on the directivity and coupling. On the other hand, it gives a good coupling property with weak dependence on the phase shift between adjacent waveguides.
Antisense Oligonucleotides against Let-7 Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Let-7 miRNAs have pleiotropic cellular functions in cell proliferation, migration, and regenerative processes. Here, we investigate whether the inhibition of let-7 miRNAs with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be a transient and safe strategy enhancing the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to overcome their limitations in cell therapeutic trials. We first identified major subfamilies of let-7 miRNAs preferentially expressed in MSCs, and efficient ASO combinations against these selected subfamilies that mimic the effects of LIN28 activation. When let-7 miRNAs were inhibited with an ASO combination (anti-let7-ASOs), MSCs exhibited higher proliferation with delayed senescence during the passaging into a culture. They also exhibited increased migration and enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential. However, these changes in MSCs were not accompanied by cell-fate changes into pericytes or the additional acquisition of stemness, but instead occurred as functional changes accompanied by changes in proteomics. Interestingly, MSCs with let-7 inhibition exhibited metabolic reprogramming characterized by an enhanced glycolytic pathway, decreased reactive oxygen species, and lower transmembrane potential in mitochondria. Moreover, let-7-inhibited MSCs promoted the self-renewal of neighboring hematopoietic progenitor cells, and enhanced capillary formation in endothelial cells. These findings together show that our optimized ASO combination efficiently reprograms the MSC functional state, allowing for more efficient MSC cell therapy.
Pre-service English Teachers’ Adaptation Skills in Two ESP Courses

Background: The ability to adapt, imitate and modify knowledge in a learning context into another learning context is an important ability for students. However, the ability of pre-service English teachers to adapt their knowledge and skills from one course to other courses has not been studied. This research seeks to find out how pre-service English teachers in one state university in Indonesia adapt knowledge and skills acquired in the Syllabus Design (SD) and Developing EFL Materials (DEM) courses into ESP Program Design (ESP PD) and ESP Materials Development (ESP MD) courses. Methodology: This research is a mixed quantitative and qualitative study involving 54 students who have taken SD, DEM, ESP PD and ESP MD courses in 2022 in a state university in Indonesia. Fifteen of them also took part in a focus group discussion. Their answers to the semi-open questionnaire asking whether the 16 knowledge and skills learned in SD and DEM courses had been adapted were analyzed in a simple quantitative manner with percentages and modes. While the results of focus group discussion about how they adapted them were analyzed qualitatively for themes.Findings: The results of this study show that 15 knowledge and skills in SD and DEM courses were adapted by students into ESP PD and ESP MD courses. The participants adapted them by changing the context of the syllabus and materials the developed in SD and DEM from English at school to English for specific purposes in ESP PD and ESP MD especially when formulating learning objectives. They also developed general English materials into ESP English materials for certain occupations. These findings indicate that students master the contexts of ESP PD and ESP MD.Conclusion: It can be concluded that pre-service English teachers have excellent adaptation skills, which are done not by force, but by choice, to the peripheral component and for the benefit of students. Originality: This is the contribution of this research to students’ learning theory in ESP in English teacher education to add to Leko’s (2015) Evidence by Practice (EBP) theory.