Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of data transmission platform based on 3G network

With the development of remote network technology, the systems of remote data collection, remote control and remote monitor have been widely used more and more. Data transmission is a key in these systems, thus a universal data transmission platform is urgently needed. In this paper, a data transmission platform based on 3G network is proposed, which realize the data communication with the public network through adopting 3G modem to access 3G network. Besides, serial driver, AT command control and DNS are discussed specially as the most important key techniques of the implementation of the system.
Antioxidants and fatty acids in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders

The generation of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) is an important factor in the development and maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis in humans and animal models. One source of free radicals is nitric oxide produced within the synoviocytes and chondrocytes and giving rise to the highly toxic radical peroxynitrite. Several cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are involved in the formation of free radicals, partly by increasing the activity of nitric oxide synthase. Indeed, nitric oxide may mediate some of the deleterious effects of cytokines on bone resorption. Aspirin, tetracyclines, steroids and methotrexate can suppress nitric oxide synthase. Dietary antioxidants include ascorbate and the tocopherols and beneficial effects of high doses have been reported especially in osteoarthritis. There is also evidence for beneficial effects of β-carotene and selenium, the latter being a component of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) include the n-3 compounds, some of which are precursors of eicosanoid synthesis, and the n-6 group which can increase formation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and interleukin-6, and of reactive oxygen species. Some prostaglandins, however, suppress cytokine formation, so that n-3 PUFA often oppose the inflammatory effects of some n-6-PUFA. γ-linolenic acid (GLA) is a precursor of prostaglandin E1, a fact which may account for its reported ability to ameliorate arthritic symptoms. Fish oil supplements, rich in n-3 PUFA such as eicosapentaenoic acid have been claimed as beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis, possibly by suppression of the immune system and its cytokine repertoire. Some other oils of marine origin (e.g. from the green-lipped mussel) and a range of vegetable oils (e.g. olive oil and evening primrose oil) have indirect anti-inflammatory actions, probably mediated via prostaglandin E1. Overall, there is a growing scientific rationale for the use of dietary supplements as adjuncts in the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Insight into illness in patients with mania, mixed mania, bipolar depression and major depression with psychotic features.

BACKGROUND Poor insight into illness is a common feature of bipolar disorder and one that is associated with poor clinical outcome. Empirical studies of illness awareness in this population are relatively scarce with the majority of studies being published over the previous decade. The study reported here sought to replicate previous report findings that bipolar patients frequently show high levels of poor insight into having an illness. We also wanted to examine whether group differences in insight exist among bipolar manic, mixed and unipolar depressed patients with psychotic features. METHODS A cohort of 147 inpatients with DSM-III-R bipolar disorder and 30 with unipolar depression with psychotic features, were evaluated in the week prior to discharge using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Edition (SCID-P), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Scale to assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). RESULTS Insight into specific aspects of the illness was related to the polarity of mood episode: patients with mania showed significantly poorer insight compared with those with mixed mania, bipolar depression and unipolar depression. A linear regression analysis using SUMD score as the dependent variable and symptoms of mania as the independent variable found that specific manic symptoms did not account for level of insight. Similar results were obtained when the mean insight scores of patients with and without grandiosity were contrasted. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that the lack of association between level of insight and total number of manic symptoms or with specific manic symptoms may be related to the persistence of subsyndromal symptoms in patients remitting from a manic episode.
Little lexical learners: Quantitatively assessing the development of adjective ordering preferences

Adults have robust ordering preferences that determine the relative order of adjectives in multi-adjective strings: this is why small grey kitten and nice round penny are preferable to grey small kitten and round nice penny. Adults are reliably and robustly uncomfortable with the latter options, yet are typically unable to pinpoint why they have this reaction. Notably, these preferences surface for any multi-adjective string, even ones never before encountered: English adults would probably prefer tiny green magical mouse-riding gnomes to mouse-riding magical green tiny gnomes, even though it is unlikely they have encountered these adjectives strung together before. Even more remarkable than the robustness and productivity of these preferences in English is the fact that these ordering preferences surface in a variety of unrelated languages, both those with pre-nominal adjectives (like English) and those with post-nominal adjectives that follow the modified noun (for discussion, see Dixon 1982, Sproat and Shih 1991). When it comes to the source of these preferences, there have been a number of hypotheses. The null hypothesis for adults would hold that they simply repeat back what they hear when forming multi-adjective strings, reflecting the item-level statistics of their input. However, an input frequency strategy is limited in its productivity (if you haven’t heard it, you don’t have a preference about it) and adults are not limited this way. Importantly, because of their productivity, these preferences appear to be based on abstract representations, rather than simply reflecting the positioning of specific adjectives in the input. But how exactly do adults represent these ordering preferences? Prevalent approaches in linguistics advance the idea that adult adjective ordering is determined by abstract syntax, with adjectives grouped into lexical semantic classes that are hierarchically ordered (Dixon, 1982, Cinque, 1994). These lexical classes and their hierarchical ordering would then serve as primitives in the representation of
Audit of deaths from cervical cancer: proposal for an essential component of the National Screening Programme.

AIMS--To ascertain the type and relative frequency of major factors associated with deaths from cervical cancer. METHODS--Deaths from cervical cancer in Rotherham district for the period 1989-1991 were subjected to multifactorial audit by reviewing laboratory, hospital, and general practitioner records; together with, when appropriate, re-screening of cytology smears. This period represented the three to five years after a computerised National Screening Programme (NSP) had been implemented with a five year recall interval. RESULTS--Thirty six deaths were identified. The average age of death was 59 years with 39% occurring in those over 65. Only 6% of cases presented as a result of a cervical smear, comprising 3% derived from the NSP and 3% by chance. Forty seven per cent of cases in which the patient had died had no record of a previous smear invitation; 22% of patients were under 65 years and 25% 65 or over. Those under 65 had presented before the appropriate age band had been called. A non-response to a cervical smear invitation was identified in 22%. In 25% of cases a true negative smear had been reported one to eight years previously (average 4.8 years). An inappropriate laboratory diagnosis was identified in 17% of cases. Fourteen per cent represented false negative smears and 8% comprised inadequate smears that had been reported as negative. Inappropriate clinical diagnosis or management was identified in 19% of cases. In 22% two or more contributory factors were identified in the same patient. CONCLUSIONS--Areas highlighted by the audit warranting further attention included the targeting of women over 65 with no cytology record; those not responding to smear invitations; laboratory performance; clinical acumen; and the reasons for true negative cervical smears. Multifactorial audit of all deaths from cervical cancer should be advocated nationally to assess and improve the effectiveness of the NSP.
A ZnO quantum dot radiation dosimeter for high energy radiation measurements

High energy radiation is extensively used in various medical and industrial applications. An accurate radiation dosimetry is crucial for both radiation treatments as well as the protection of personnel across a wide range of industries, such as medicine, radiation research, space, and nuclear power plants. The unique electrical and optical properties of quantum dot (QD), such as high radiation sensitivity and good radiation resistivity make it a superior sensing material for radiation dosimeters. This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of a radiation dosimeter based on ZnO QDs under 6MV photon ionization beam. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first time such QD based dosimetry devices have been made and characterized under MV radiation range. This ZnO QD based radiation dosimeter exhibits a quasi-linear response to photon irradiation dose rates and a very linear response to total doses. Besides, an outstanding repeatability with standard deviation of less than 0.32% was observed for the ZnO QD radiation dosimeter when exposed to cyclic high energy ionization radiation.
A cell wall protein (YqgA) is genetically related to the cell wall-degrading dl-endopeptidases in Bacillus subtilis

The Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis has a thick cell wall. The cell wall contains various proteins, both for secretion and for peptidoglycan (PG) maintenance. Penicillin-binding proteins for PG synthesis, PG hydrolases (autolysins), and regulator proteins for the autolysins are the known components of the PG maintenance system. YqgA was identified as an abundant protein attached to the cell wall of B. subtilis through a proteomics analysis. The YqgA protein was localized at cell division sites during the transition period between the exponential and the stationary phases. YqgA localization was affected by mutations in the dl-endopeptidases (DLEPases), which are the autolysins involved in cell morphogenesis. Furthermore, yqgA mutations on a background of defective DLEPases led to delays in cell growth and cell morphological changes. These results demonstrate that yqgA is genetically related to the genes encoding DLEPases involved in cell morphogenesis. Graphical Abstract YqgA is an abundant cell wall protein in B. subtilis. Our results indicated, yqgA is genetically related to autolysins involved in cell morphogenesis.
The Effectiveness of the Gail Model in Estimating Risk for Development of Breast Cancer in Women Under 40 Years of Age

Abstract: Epidemiologic studies have provided information on risk factors for breast cancer. Gail and associates identified five risk factors using the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) population and developed a model to calculate a composite relative risk (RR). This model is commonly used to counsel women regarding their risk for breast cancer and was used by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) for eligibility for the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. Because the BCDDP population was composed almost entirely of women 40 years of age or older, our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Gail model in estimating the risk of breast cancer for women under 40 in the clinical setting. The Gail risk factors were assessed for 124 patients under the age of 40 treated for either ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive breast cancer at the Lahey Hitchcock Medical Center between 1983 and 1995. The RR was calculated using the Gail model. For comparison, two cohorts of women under the age of 40 were used: 107 randomly selected patients who underwent a breast biopsy because of a benign condition and 129 nurses from our institution who responded to a questionnaire that included reproductive and family history information as used in the Gail model. The RR calculated was the RR that existed at the time of the surgical consultation for a suspicious breast lesion. The Tarone‐Ware method was used to analyze statistical significance of differences between distribution. Contingency tables were analyzed using Miettinen's modification of Fisher's exact test. No differences were found between the median RR for all groups. Only 2 of the 124 patients with breast cancer had a RR of 5 or more (the RR required to enter the Breast Cancer Prevention Trial). The distribution of age at menarche (AGEMEN) was the same for each group. No difference was found for the distribution of age at first live birth (AGEFLB) between those with breast cancer and those with a benign biopsy or the control group. The number of breast biopsies (NBIOPS) was higher in patients with a benign breast biopsy. No difference was found in the distribution of number of first‐degree relatives with breast cancer (NUMREL). Overall the Gail model failed to differentiate those women about to have cancer diagnosed from two control populations. The Gail model is not useful in identifying immediate risk of breast cancer in women under 40 and should not be used for that purpose.
Differential vitamin D 24-hydroxylase/CYP24A1 gene promoter methylation in endothelium from benign and malignant human prostate

Epigenetic alterations occur in tumor-associated vessels in the tumor microenvironment. Methylation of the CYP24A1 gene promoter differs in endothelial cells isolated from tumors and non-tumor microenvironments in mice. The epigenetic makeup of endothelial cells of human tumor-associated vasculature is unknown due to difficulty of isolating endothelial cells populations from a heterogeneous tissue microenvironment. To ascertain CYP24A1 promoter methylation in tumor-associated endothelium, we utilized laser microdissection guided by CD31 immunohistochemistry to procure endothelial cells from human prostate tumor specimens. Prostate tissues were obtained following robotic radical prostatectomy from men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Adjacent histologically benign prostate tissues were used to compare endothelium from benign versus tumor microenvironments. Sodium bisulfite sequencing of CYP24A1 promoter region showed that the average CYP24A1 promoter methylation in the endothelium was 20% from the tumor microenvironment compared with 8.2% in the benign microenvironment (p<0.05). A 2-fold to 17-fold increase in CYP24A1 promoter methylation was observed in the prostate tumor endothelium compared with the matched benign prostate endothelium in four patient samples, while CYP24A1 remained unchanged in two patient sample. In addition, there is no correlation of the level of CYP24A1 promoter methylation in prostate tumor-associated endothelium with that of epithelium/stroma. This study demonstrates that the CYP24A1 promoter is methylated in tumor-associated endothelium, indicating that epigenetic alterations in CYP24A1 may play a role in determining the phenotype of tumor-associated vasculature in the prostate tumor microenvironment.
Russian Acquisitions: Is There a Path To Success?

Estimates suggest that about 60% of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) eventually fail. Indeed, shareholders typically bid down share prices when management announces an acquisition. So why do managers initiate so many M&As when, on average, they fail? Many answers have been proposed: Managers like to build personal empires, managers don’t know what else to do with free cash fl ow, or they over-estimate the potential benefi ts and underestimate costs. Sometimes M&As are strategically necessary for survival: eat or be eaten. Finally, while most M&As end badly, not all do—some managers effectively capitalize on synergies with target fi rms, learn from them, or use targets to build market power. Regardless, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that most of what we know about M&As has been gleaned from big, publicly traded American fi rms. Naturally, this leads one to question whether M&A success rates are better elsewhere. And if the goal is to understand whether M&As fare better elsewhere, then it might make sense to tackle that question in a place that is very different from the United States. This is exactly what Oliver Bertrand (SKEEMA Business School in France and also St. Petersburg University in Russia) and Marie-Ann Betschinger (Higher School of Economics at Pokrovski Bulvar in Russia) did in examining the performance results of acquisitions by Russian fi rms. In their study, Bertrand and Betschinger set out to see if Russian fi rms had the same poor track record as their American counterparts. Moreover, they also wanted to learn if there were any conditions under which Russian acquirers did particularly well. Russia is important for a number of reasons. It is one of the “BRIC” nations, which also includes Brazil, India, and China, which Goldman Sachs has identifi ed as having rapidly expanding economies—so much so that they will be among the world’s economic superpowers in the coming decades. Plus, Russia accounted for 14% of emerging market M&A activity in 2010.
Hypomagnesemia as a predictor of mortality in critically ill pediatric patients in picu using prism score

Background: Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body and the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. A potential relationship between low magnesium levels and increased mortality has been suggested in the literature. The objectives were to detect prevalence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill children, its association with sepsis and to correlate this with mortality.Methods: This study was an observational study done on 100 children who met the inclusion criteria, admitted to the PICU of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Patients under the study were managed and treated according to their clinical status and supportive traditional treatment.Results: Prevalence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill pediatric patients was 53%. In this study, majority of the cases admitted to PICU were dengue (19%) and bronchopneumonia (15%) which were significantly associated with hypomagnesemia as p value was less than 0.05. As regard prognosis, Mg had an AUC of 0.576 for prediction of mortality whereas the AUC for PRISM score was 0.811. Logistic regression analysis showed that hypomagnesemia is a significant predictor for mortality among critically ill children (p value=0.028) and OR=3.180 (0.854-7.965). Conclusions: Present study has found high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in critically ill patients. Hypomagnesemia was associated with a higher mortality rate in critically ill patients and commonly associated with infections and respiratory diseases. Hypomagnesemia indicated poor outcome and higher mortality rates in critically ill patients.
4 $\times$  10 Gb/s WDM Transmission Over a 5-km-Long Photonic Crystal Fiber in the 800-nm Region

By combining a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and Si- and GaAs-based optical devices, we can construct high-speed communication systems in the 800-nm region such as 10- to 40-Gb/s Ethernet. In this letter, we report the first wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission experiment in the 800-nm region accomplished using a single-mode PCF. We successfully demonstrated a penalty-free 4 times 10 Gb/s WDM transmission over 5 km at 850 nm by combining a single-mode PCF, AlGaAs VCSELs, and an arrayed waveguide grating
Age-Related Reduction of Systemic Arterial Compliance Induces Excessive Myocardial Oxygen Consumption during Sub-Maximal Exercise

Reduction of systemic arterial compliance (SAC) with aging increases left ventricular afterload. The present study was designed to examine whether age-related reduction of SAC is related to excessive myocardial oxygen consumption during sub-maximal aerobic exercise. We studied elderly (60–69 years; n=25) and senior (70–82 years; n=25) subjects. We measured SAC immediately before the start of the ramp-fashion exercise (i.e., at the end of the 20 W warm-up exercise) and the double product (DP: systolic blood pressure × heart rate) during the ramp-fashion exercise (20–50 W). SAC was significantly lower in senior subjects (0.76±0.25 ml mmHg−1 m−2) compared with elderly subjects (0.95±0.22 ml mmHg−1 m−2). DP was higher in senior subjects (20 W: 14.3±3.1; 30 W: 15.9±4.2; 40 W: 17.7±4.9; 50 W: 20.6±5.6 [×103 mmHg bpm]) than in elderly subjects (12.8±3.0, 14.0±3.5, 15.1±4.0, 17.1±4.3 [×103 mmHg bpm]). In total subjects, SAC correlated significantly with DP (r=−0.64, r=−0.64, r=−0.64, r=−0.64). In senior subjects, SAC was related significantly to DP (r=−0.83, r=−0.78, r=−0.76, r=−0.74). In elderly subjects, SAC tended to correlate with DP although its relationships were not statistically significant (r=−0.34, r=−0.36, r=−0.33, r=−0.31). Correlation coefficients at each respective exercise intensity were significantly higher in senior subjects compared with elderly subjects. These results suggest that the age-related reduction of SAC is related to excessive myocardial oxygen consumption during sub-maximal aerobic exercise in older humans, but this relation does not become significant until the SAC reduction becomes pronounced.
Tourism and protected areas: Comparing the 2003 and 2014 IUCN World Parks Congress

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature World Parks Congress is held once a decade, and brings together thousands of the world’s experts on protected areas. In 2014, the Sydney World Parks Congress and the parallel event, Global Eco, provided a platform for 125 presentations relating to tourism and visitation. This paper presents a synthesis of the body of work shared at Sydney, including some of the cutting-edge issues, best practices, and inspiring initiatives relating to sustainable tourism. In particular, it compares issues that were highlighted at the 2003 World Parks Congress, and how they have evolved and progressed over the past decade. The paper highlights the role of different stakeholders from different corners of the world in promoting sustainable tourism practices. It also considers the relevance of tourism to the themes of the World Parks Congress, and how the sector is reflected within the official records of the 2003 and 2014 World Parks Congress. Looking forward to the next 10 years, the paper reflects on specific challenges, gaps in knowledge, and areas for further research and outreach.