Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Firm Leverage and Boom-Bust Cycles

: This paper explores the dynamic relationship between firm debt and real outcomes using data from 24 European economies over the period of 2000-2018. Based on macro data, it shows that a rise in credit to firms is associated with an increase in employment growth in the short-term, but employment growth declines in the medium-term. This pattern remains similar, even when the changes in credit to households are accounted for. Next, using data from a large sample of firms, it shows that firm leverage buildups predict similar boom-bust growth cycles in firm employment: Firms with a larger increase in leverage experience a boost in employment growth in the short-term, but employment growth decreases in the medium-term. Relatedly, the volatility of employment growth increases in the aftermath of firm leverage buildups. Finally, this paper provides suggestive evidence on the role of a financial channel in the relationship between firm leverage buildups and employment growth. The results show that a rise in firm leverage is associated with a persistently higher debt service ratio, pointing the drag on finances. Consistently, boom-bust growth cycles in the aftermath of firm leverage buildups are not limited to employment growth, but are also pronounced for investment. Moreover, the medium-term decline in firm employment growth as predicted by leverage buildups becomes even larger if aggregate financial conditions tighten. The findings are in favor of “lean against the wind” approach in policy making.
O OUTRO LADO DA SUPERDOTAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA SOBRE ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE DEPRESSÃO E SUPERDOTAÇÃO

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo responder à pergunta: A superdotação intelectual em seres humanos, quando comparada à inteligência normal de indivíduos, está associada à experiência de depressão ou de transtorno depressivo? Considerando resultados de cinco bases (PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e PubMed) e critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, relaciona-se a depressão em superdotados: à autoestima (n = 4); a comportamentos internalizantes (n = 2); ao estresse (n = 4); a fatores de proteção e/ou risco (n = 5); à ideação suicida (n = 2); ao perfeccionismo (n = 3); ao ajustamento emocional (n = 6). A diversidade de critérios para superdotação ou de testes psicométricos utilizados restringe a possibilidade de conclusão; contudo, observam-se pontos de convergência. Por um lado, três estudos revelaram que os superdotados eram menos deprimidos do que os alunos de desempenho normal, e um artigo revelou o contrário. Um estudo ratificou a proposição de que meninas são mais deprimidas do que meninos na mesma condição. Por outro lado, os resultados de dois artigos demonstraram que, entre os superdotados, meninos são mais deprimidos do que meninas. Postula-se a realização de futura metanálise a fim de mensurar a significância e o tamanho do efeito de cada resultado.
Sur la caractérisation des systèmes exoplanétaires: Optimisation des études de stabilité

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A Comparative Study to Assess the Resilience and Perceived Social Support among Patients with Substance Use Disorder in Relapse and Abstinence in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sonitpur (Assam)

Understanding resilience and social support among individuals with substance use disorder on abstinence as well as relapse will helps promote long-term abstinence and enhance the recovery. Studies have shown that adequate social support and high level of resilience help an individual to use positive emotions to leave behind bad experience and strengthen one' s self-esteem and to overcome negative emotions and thus preventing relapse. As substance use disorder disrupts a person' s self-control and self-efficacy leading to relapse. It is important for the family members as well as health care professionals to provide social support that can increase the resilience and self-esteem and further decreasing the relapse rate. The study aims to compare the resilience and perceived social support among patients with substance use disorder in relapse and abstinence. Quantitative research approach with comparative research design was adopted. The population were the patients with relapse admitted at indoor, DAM and patients in abstinence with substance use disorder attending DAM, OPD of a tertiary care hospital. The sample consisted of 40 participants as per Krejcie and Morgan sample estimation formula who are selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using socio demographic proforma, clinical variables, Conner and Davidson Resilience scale and Multidimensional perceived social support scale. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups i.e Relapse and abstinence in the context of Perceived Social support and Resilience respectively (t=-1.611, p=0.115) (t=-0.309, p=0.759). This study may be a suggestive of developing psychosocial intervention module to promote social support and resilience and to decreases the risk of relapse.
Spectroscopical Characterization of Copper–Iron (Cu-Fe) Alloy Plasma Using LIBS, ICP-AES, and EDX

In this present work, we demonstrated a spectral characterization of copper–iron (Cu-Fe) alloy using optical emission spectroscopy. The Cu-Fe alloy plasma was generated on the target sample surface by directing the laser pulse of Q-switched Nd: YAG of the second harmonic (2ω) with a 532 nm optical wavelength. The optical emission spectrum was acquired using five miniature spectrometers that lie within the wavelength range of 200–720 nm. The emission plasma was characterized by validating the local-thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) as well as optically thin (OT) plasma condition. In addition, the LTE condition was verified using the McWhirter criterion, and the OT condition was validated by comparing theoretically calculated intensity ratios with experimental ones. Plasma parameters, including electron number density as well as plasma temperature, were estimated. In the first stage, the plasma temperature was estimated using the Boltzmann-plot method and the two-line method. The average calculated value of the plasma temperatures were 8014 ± 800 K and 8044 ± 800 K using the Boltzmann-plot and two-line methods, respectively. In the second stage, electron number density was estimated using the Saha–Boltzmann equation and stark-broadening method (SBM). The average number density calculated from the SBM was 2.73×1016 cm−3 and from the Saha–Boltzmann equation was 3.9×1016 cm−3, showing a good agreement. Finally, the comparative compositional analysis was performed using CF-LIBS, Boltzmann Intercept Method, EDX, and ICP-AES, which showed good agreement with that of the standard composition.
Numerical solutions for multidimensional fragmentation problems using finite volume methods

We introduce a finite volume scheme for approximating a general multidimensional fragmentation problem. The scheme estimates several physically significant moment functions with good accuracy, and is robust with respect to use of different nonuniform daughter distribution functions. Moreover, it possess simple mathematical formulation for defining in higher dimensions. The efficiency of the scheme is validated over several test problems.
LIE ALGEBROIDS FRAMEWORK FOR DISTRIBUTIONAL SYSTEMS

In this paper we study the distributional systems (driftless control a-ne systems) with positive homogeneous cost, using the framework of Lie algebroids. The method consists of applying the Pontryagin Maximum Principle at the level of Lie al- gebroid built for both holonomic and nonholonomic distributions. This simplifled the approaches and reveals certain important connections. Mathematics Subject Classiflcation 2000: 17B66, 93B05. 1. Preliminaries. The geometric methods have been applied by many authors (see e.g. (3, 2, 7)) in control theory. One of the most important issues in the geometric approach is the analysis of the solution to the optimal control problem as provided by Pontryagin's Maximum Principle; that is, the curve c(t) = (x(t);u(t)) is an optimal trajectory if there exists a lifting of x(t) to the dual space (x(t);p(t)) satisfying the Hamilton equations together with a maximization condition for the Hamiltonian with respect to the control variables u(t). A Lie algebroid over the manifold M is a vector bundle E over the mani- fold whose properties are very similar to those of a tangent bundle TM (11). Weinstein (15) developed a generalized theory of Lagrangian Mechanics on Lie algebroids and obtained the equations of motion using the Poisson structure on the dual and the Legendre transformation. In the paper (10) Martinez presents the Pontryagin Maximum Principle on Lie algebroids us- ing the prolongation (in sense of Higgins and Mackenzie (5) ) of the Lie algebroid over the vector bundle projection of a dual bundle. In (4) Cortes
Robust Shared Control System for Aggressive Driving Based on Cooperative Modes Identification

Aggressive driving behavior has greatly endangered vehicle safety and posed challenges to the design of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs). A novel driver–automation cooperative shared control system is proposed in this article to make steering assistance actions better cooperate with aggressive drivers. Based on investigating shared control modes, a driving activity parameter for drivers is introduced, which aims to modulate the shared control authority and mitigate the conflicts between aggressive drivers and ADAS. A polytope represented by finite vertices is employed to handle uncertain parameters, including driving activity and longitudinal velocity. Then, an H $\infty $ robust output-feedback control method satisfying the regional pole assignment is presented to provide robustness and stability of the polytope space while simplifying the control structure through reducing vertices. The driver-in-the-loop simulator experiments are carried out to verify the proposed controller, in which the driver model parameters are identified. The results demonstrate that the developed assistance controller can effectively ensure path-tracking accuracy and simultaneously improve aggressive drivers’ comfort.
Homotopy approach for random eigenvalue problem

A novel approach, referred to as the homotopy stochastic finite element method, is proposed to solve the eigenvalue problem of a structure associated with some amount of uncertainty based on the homotopy analysis method. For this approach, an infinite multivariate series of the involved random variables is proposed to express the random eigenvalue or even a random eigenvector. The coefficients of the multivariate series are determined using the homotopy analysis method. The convergence domain of the derived series is greatly expanded compared with the Taylor series due to the use of an approach function of the parameter h. Therefore, the proposed method is not limited to random parameters with small fluctuation. However, in practice, only single‐variable and double‐variable approximations are employed to simplify the calculation. The numerical examples show that with a suitable choice of the auxiliary parameter h, the suggested approximations can produce very accurate results and require reduced or similar computational efforts compared with the existing methods.
Photon-momentum transfer in one- and two-photon ionization of atoms

The transfer of the linear photon momentum to the electron in the few-photon ionization of an atom is accurately computed through a numerical solution to the three-dimensional time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) beyond the dipole approximation. The characteristics of the transfer is studied in detail by comparing the TDSE results with those calculated by the perturbation theory (PT) using the exact scattering states. Our fully quantum-mechanical calculations show a discernible photoelectron momentum shift along the laser's propagation direction, which is caused by the nondipole effects. The momentum transfer rule for the single-photon ionization is shown to agree with results obtained from the perturbation theory. We identify some extraordinary ``dips'' in the photon-momentum transfer in the case of two-photon ionization, which depend on the laser ellipticity and are caused by the suppression of the nondipole transitions. In addition, the Coulomb screening effect on the photon-momentum transfer has also been investigated and we find that the Coulomb tail is negligible in the single-photon ionization case. However, the potential in the short range near the Coulomb center may influence the initial state, which will change the amount of the momentum that can be transferred.
Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Avian Reticulate Scales Implies the Evo–Devo Novelty of Skin Appendages in Foot Sole

Among amniotic skin appendages, avian feathers and mammalian hairs protect their stem cells in specialized niches, located in the collar bulge and hair bulge, respectively. In chickens and alligators, label retaining cells (LRCs), which are putative stem cells, are distributed in the hinge regions of both avian scutate scales and reptilian overlapping scales. These LRCs take part in scale regeneration. However, it is unknown whether other types of scales, for example, symmetrically shaped reticulate scales, have a similar way of preserving their stem cells. In particular, the foot sole represents a special interface between animal feet and external environments, with heavy mechanical loading. This is different from scutate-scale-covered metatarsal feet that function as protection. Avian reticulate scales on foot soles display specialized characteristics in development. They do not have a placode stage and lack β-keratin expression. Here, we explore the molecular and cellular characteristics of avian reticulate scales. RNAscope analysis reveals different molecular profiles during surface and hinge determination compared with scutate scales. Furthermore, reticulate scales express Keratin 15 (K15) sporadically in both surface- and hinge-region basal layer cells, and LRCs are not localized. Upon wounding, the reticulate scale region undergoes repair but does not regenerate. Our results suggest that successful skin appendage regeneration requires localized stem cell niches to guide regeneration.
A Mannose Receptor from Litopenaeus vannamei Involved in Innate Immunity by Pathogen Recognition and Inflammation Regulation

Mannose receptor, as a member of the C-type lectin superfamily, is a non-canonical pattern recognition receptor that can internalize pathogen-associated ligands and activate intracellular signaling. Here, a mannose receptor gene, LvMR, was identified from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. LvMR encoded a signal peptide, a fibronectin type II (FN II) domain, and two carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) with special EPS and FND motifs. LvMR transcripts were mainly detected in the hepatopancreas, and presented a time-dependent response after pathogen challenge. The recombinant LvMR (rLvMR) could bind to various PAMPs and agglutinate microorganisms in a Ca2+-dependent manner with strong binding ability to D-mannose and N-acetyl sugars. The knockdown of LvMR enhanced the expression of most NF-κB pathway genes, inflammation and redox genes, while it had no obvious effect on the transcription of most phagocytosis genes. Moreover, the knockdown of LvMR caused an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in the hepatopancreas after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. All these results indicate that LvMR might perform as a PRR in immune recognition and a negative regulator of inflammation during bacterial infection.
Imaging with the VLTI

PHASE REFERENCING AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION are two fundamental areas for the scientific success of optical interferometry. This is attested by the effort in building instruments such as PIONIER, MIRC, and the PRIMA facility, as well as the second generation VLTI instrumentation (GRAVITY and MATISSE). The work developed under the framework of this thesis can be divided into two distinct although interrelated areas: (a) instrumentation, associated to phase referencing interferometry and the commissioning runs of PRIMA, the Phase Referenced Imaging and Micro-Arcsecond Astrometry dual-feed facility of ESO, and (b) data simulation and analysis with a study on interferometric image reconstruction. With respect to optical interferometric observations, imaging became a reality in the last three decades. It is a common practice in current facilities and it lies at the heart of the Planet Formation Imager (PFI) concept. In order to achieve a good quality image, the visibility phase has to be measured by an interferometer. However, due to the turbulence in the atmosphere, the stabilisation of the fringes in the laboratory is usually a challenging and complex task. Two approaches have been used to tackle this problem: the partial measurement of the phase by means of closure phases, i.e., by measuring the combined phase of a triplet of telescopes, and the use of phase referencing to obtain the full phase information. In the latter, an unresolved source, or, at least, a centresymmetrical one, needs to be close enough to the object of interest, in order to reference the phase and get its full information. Whilst instruments measuring closure phases deliver limited phase information, they are cheaper and less technically demanding. Consequently, they have been widespread amongst interferometers, such as VLTI and CHARA, and are planned to be used for forthcoming facilities, such as MROI. Notwithstanding, new instruments have been devised aiming at phase referencing, of which PRIMA is the first at the VLTI, combining two telescopes at a time. GRAVITY will soon be implemented at Paranal, and it will be able to combine four telescopes using the phase referencing technique. Detailed studies of the imaging capacity of phase closure versus phase referencing are not available and were object of this thesis. Three objects of distinct apparent sizes and morphologies (a stellar cluster, a young stellar object, and a stellar photosphere) have been mock observed with the VLTI. The Simple noise model was developed in order to estimate the statistics of the observables, and its performance was compared to other previously published models, which account for more variables affecting the error bars of the visibility quantities, such as the detector’s readout noise or the Strehl ratio. The Simple noise model was devised having in mind simplicity and the correct reproduction of the dependence of the complex visibility phase with the visibility amplitude. The results indicate that it is able to reproduce this expected theoretical behaviour, and that it behaves
Development of Er 3+ -doped high-purity tellurite glass fibers for gain-switched laser operation at 2.7 μm

We present low-loss tungstate-tellurite fibers doped with Er3+ for laser operation near 2.7 μm. Two “ultra-dry” preforms with cores of TeO2-WO3-La2O3-Bi2O3 glasses doped with 0.4 and 4 mol% of Er2O3 and undoped TeO2-WO3-La2O3 claddings were produced. High-quality multimode fibers were fabricated and characterized. Photoluminescence spectra of about 2.7 μm (4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition) and about 1.6 μm (4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition) were measured under excitation by diode pumping at 975 nm (4I15/2 → 4I11/2 transition). The production test and the theoretical investigation of gain-switched laser generation showed potential applicability of the designed samples in the spectral range of interest. Prospective application of single-mode fibers based on the developed glass preforms was also simulated. A feasibility of pulse train generation was demonstrated even for a rough choice of parameters, which is very encouraging for experimental implementation.
Study of a sample of faint Be stars in the exofield of CoRoT. III. Glogal spectroscopic characterization and astrophysical parameters of the central stars.

The present work is devoted to the study of faint Be stars observed by CoRoT in the fourth long run (LRA02). The astrophysical parameters were determined from the spectra observed with the VLT/FLAMES instruments at ESO. Spectra were fitted with models of stellar atmospheres using our GIRFIT package. Spectra in the lambda-lambda 6400-7200$ AA domain enabled the confirmation or a first identification of Be star candidates. The apparent parameters (Teff,log g,Vsin i) for a set of 19 B and Be stars were corrected for the effects induced by the rapid rotation. These allowed us to determine: 1) masses that are in agreement with those measured for detached binary systems; 2) distances that agree with the GAIA parallaxes; and 3) centrifugal/gravity equatorial force ratios of ~0.6-0.7, which indicate that our Be stars are subcritical rotators. A study of the Balmer Halpha, Hgamma and Hdelta emission lines produced: extents of the circumstellar disk (CD) emitting regions that agree with the interferometric inferences in other Be stars; R-dependent exponents n(R) of the CD radial density distributions; CD base densities. The Hgamma and Hdelta emission lines are formed in CD layers close to the central star. These lines produced a different value of the exponent n(R) than assumed for Halpha. Further detailed studies of Hgamma and Hdelta emission lines could reveal the physical properties of regions where the viscous transport of angular momentum to the remaining CD regions is likely to originate from. The subcritical rotation of Be stars suggests that their huge discrete mass-ejections and concomitant non-radial pulsations might have a common origin in stellar envelope regions that become unstable to convection due to rotation. The errors induced on the estimated Teff by the possible presence of stripped sub-dwarf O/B companions are not likely to exceed their present uncertainties.
Hamlet: Hierarchical Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning Method for Charging Power Control of Electric Vehicles With Dynamic Quantity

Electric vehicle (EV) is emerging as an effective choice to reduce carbon emissions in the modern transportation system. However, the large access of EVs brings tremendous passive influence on the stability and performance of power grid operation. Thus, it is valuable to investigate the charging power management method to improve charging experience of EV drivers while maintaining normal bus voltage of the power system. This paper builds the charging power control problem of multiple EVs as a hierarchical Markov decision process (MDP) model and propose a hierarchical multi-objective reinforcement learning method (Hamlet) to obtain the real-time charging power control decisions. Specifically, by treating EVs with the same remaining charging time as the same agent, this paper addresses the dynamic state and action spaces issue and significantly reduce the input dimension of both state and action spaces. Besides, this paper quantifies drivers’ anxiety about the battery volume and distributes the comfort reward over the entire charging interval, which overcomes the delayed comfort reward issue. In order to alleviate the influence of multiple objectives on training stability, this paper develops a multi-objective learning method to dynamically adjust the optimization direction. Simulation results on IEEE 33 bus and 69 bus test feeders prove the validity of the proposed method in mitigating voltage fluctuation, minimizing bill payment and maximizing battery comfort.