Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuromodulatory Effects of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone on Olfactory Receptor Neurons

The terminal nerve is an anterior cranial nerve that innervates the lamina propria of the chemosensory epithelia of the nasal cavity. The function of the terminal nerve is ambiguous, but it has been suggested to serve a neuromodulatory role. We tested this hypothesis by exposing olfactory receptor neurons from mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus) to a peptide, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), that is found in cells and fibers of the terminal nerve. We used voltage-clamped whole-cell recordings to examine the effects of 0.5–50 μm GnRH on voltage-activated currents in olfactory receptor neurons from epithelial slices. We found that GnRH increases the magnitude, but does not alter the kinetics, of a tetrodotoxin-sensitive inward current. This increase in magnitude generally begins 5–10 min after initial exposure to GnRH, is sustained for at least 60 min during GnRH exposure, and recovers to baseline within 5 min after GnRH is washed off. This effect occurred in almost 60% of the total number of olfactory receptor neurons examined and appeared to be seasonal: ∼67% of neurons responded to GnRH during the courtship and mating season, compared with ∼33% during the summer, when the sexes separate. GnRH also appears to alter an outward current in the same cells. Taken together, these data suggest that GnRH increases the excitability of olfactory receptor neurons and that the terminal nerve functions to modulate the odorant sensitivity of olfactory receptor neurons.
Host Control of Insect Endogenous Retroviruses: Small RNA Silencing and Immune Response

Endogenous retroviruses are relics of ancient infections from retroviruses that managed to integrate into the genome of germline cells and remained vertically transmitted from parent to progeny. Subsequent to the endogenization process, these sequences can move and multiply in the host genome, which can have deleterious consequences and disturb genomic stability. Natural selection favored the establishment of silencing pathways that protect host genomes from the activity of endogenous retroviruses. RNA silencing mechanisms are involved, which utilize piRNAs. The response to exogenous viral infections uses siRNAs, a class of small RNAs that are generated via a distinct biogenesis pathway from piRNAs. However, interplay between both pathways has been identified, and interactions with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal immune responses are also suspected. This review focuses on Diptera (Arthropods) and intends to compile pieces of evidence showing that the RNA silencing pathway of endogenous retrovirus regulation is not independent from immunity and the response to infections. This review will consider the mechanisms that allow the lasting coexistence of viral sequences and host genomes from an evolutionary perspective.
A low power built in repair analyzer for word oriented memories with optimal repair rate

High density memories are more prone to faults caused due to process variations or manufacturing defects. Such faults reduce yield as well as reliability. The failures in such memories are expensive due to wastage of large die area. These faults can be repaired by redundant memory locations. This paper presents a Built In Repair Analyzer for memory arrays using redundancy. A Built In Self Test block detects faults occurred, the Syndrome Storing Detector block distinguishes temporary and permanent faults. The permanent faults are alone repaired thus utilizing spare resources efficiently. The Must-Repair-Analysis (MRA) technique is done on fly during test, it stores faulty addresses and final analysis is done to find a solution to eliminate the analyzed faults. The BIRA module executes an efficient Redundancy Analysis algorithm to generate possible repair solutions. Further, power consumption is reduced using a novel low power Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) which is a combination of Bit Swapping LFSR (BS-LFSR) and Dual Speed LFSR (DS-LFSR). The modified Dual Speed LFSR (MDS-LFSR) consists of two BS-LFSR's, one is the slow speed BS-LFSR and another is the normal speed BS-LFSR each has independent clock rates. The modified DS LFSR lowers the transition density at the input side. Thus it reduces overall switching activity in Memory Under Test as well as reduces frequency of transitions of input patterns finally reducing the overall test power.
Multicasting in LTE-A networks enhanced by device-to-device communications

The growing demand for group-oriented services has recently attracted the interest of the research community. Several proposals have been designed for the most promising broadband wireless system, Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), to enhance key performance figures such as spectrum efficiency, data rate and user satisfaction. Starting from the standard proposals for multicasting and broadcasting systems, in this paper we investigate the potentialities of Device to Device (D2D) communications for enhancing the performance of multicast communications. While keeping the objective of serving all users in a multicast group, as for the Conventional Multicast Scheme (CMS), more performing Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) are adopted in the path from the base station to users, by leveraging D2D links to serve nodes with worse channel conditions. Radio resources for the activated transmission links from the base station and for the D2D links are managed in order to maximize the aggregate data rate. A simulative performance evaluation in a wide set of scenarios shows the significant achievable improvements.
Wildfires at the Edges of Science: Horizoning Work amid Runaway Change

Ecosystem changes are happening with surprising speed and on much shorter-than-projected time scales. This essay explores the complexities of such abrupt environmental shifts, how scientists conceptualize a runaway nature, and how uncertainty poses a problem of projection and action. Its ethnographic material engages contexts where rapidly faltering projections and policies interface in unsettled ways with the realities of emergency response, especially to wildfires. Attuned to the political and existential hazards at work in a science of critical transitions, the essay argues for the importance of a distinct kind of intellectual and ethical labor, horizoning work, amid physical worlds on edge.
A Platform Framework for Cross-Lingual Text Relatedness Evaluation and Plagiarism Detection

Research work related to plagiarism detection methods in dealing with monolingual texts (e.g. English texts) have been well established in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to facilitate plagiarism detection in cross-lingual text collections (e.g. English and Chinese texts). In this paper we present a system platform to evaluating text similarity and relatedness in multilingual text collections for plagiarism detection. First, we utilized a number of selected texts in Chinese-English parallel corpora collected from Internet to train text classifiers based on the Support Vector Machines (SVM) model. As such, the multilingual texts of unknown category can be classified by the trained classifiers. Subsequently, the resulting categorized texts were measured by means of a language-neutral clustering technique based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method for evaluating semantic similarity among texts. The preliminary results show that our platform framework has the potential for cross-lingual text relatedness evaluation and plagiarism detection.
Research and Practice on Constructing the Course of Programming Language

Programming language (PL) is an important preliminary undergraduate course for computer-related major. In this paper, our teaching idea as well as the corresponding construction approach on this course is proposed. Firstly, the similar courses of some top oversea universities are investigated and discussed; Then, taking account of Chinese students’ actual condition and based on several years’ teaching practice, the paper argues that the main objective of the course should be to induce the students to grasp the essences of the programming, rather than fall into the trivial details of some specific programming language. Based on this idea, some considerations and concrete teaching approaches are presented, including the division of course contents and teaching sequences, high level case-based teaching by utilizing the open-source platforms of “Robocode” and “Karel world”; Furthermore, the elaborate designing of the course project can also embody our teaching methodology and greatly arouse the interest of the students. The results of the teaching practice show that our teaching idea and methodology on the course is promising.
Study on Q-learning algorithm based on ART2

In order to solve the problem of dimension disaster, which may be produced by applying Q-learning to intelligent system of continuous state-space, we proposed a Q-learning algorithm based on ART2 in this paper, and give the specific steps. Through introducing the ART2 neural network in the Q-learning algorithm, Q-learning Agent in view of the duty which needs to complete to learn an appropriate incremental clustering of state-space model, so Agent can carry out decision-making and a two-tiers online learning of state-space model cluster in unknown environment, without any priori knowledge, through interaction with the environment unceasingly alternately to improve the control strategies, increase the learning accuracy. Finally through the mobile robot navigation simulation experiments, we show that, using the ARTQL algorithm, motion robot can improve its navigation performance continuously by interactive learning with the environment.
Expansion of the Knockdown Resistance Frequency Map for Human Head Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) in the United States Using Quantitative Sequencing

Abstract Pediculosis is a prevalent parasitic infestation of humans, which is increasing due, in part, to the selection of lice resistant to either the pyrethrins or pyrethroid insecticides by the knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism. To determine the extent and magnitude of the kdr-type mutations responsible for this resistance, lice were collected from 138 collection sites in 48 U.S. states from 22 July 2013 to 11 May 2015 and analyzed by quantitative sequencing. Previously published data were used for comparisons of the changes in the frequency of the kdr-type mutations over time. Mean percent resistance allele frequency (mean % RAF) values across the three mutation loci were determined from each collection site. The overall mean % RAF (±SD) for all analyzed lice was 98.3 ± 10%. 132/138 sites (95.6%) had a mean % RAF of 100%, five sites (3.7%) had intermediate values, and only a single site had no mutations (0.0%). Forty-two states (88%) had a mean % RAF of 100%. The frequencies of kdr-type mutations did not differ regardless of the human population size that the lice were collected from, indicating a uniformly high level of resistant alleles. The loss of efficacy of the Nix formulation (Prestige Brand, Tarrytown, NY) from 1998 to 2013 was correlated to the increase in kdr-type mutations. These data provide a plausible reason for the decrease in the effectiveness of permethrin in the Nix formulation, which is the parallel increase of kdr-type mutations in lice over time.
REAL SECURITY IN VIRTUAL SYSTEMS: A PROPOSED MODEL FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO SECURING VIRTUALIZED ENVIRONMENTS

Corporate adoption of new server virtualization technologies offered by VMWare, Microsoft, the open source community (Xen) and others raises both new opportunities and new risks for system security. Security issues of virtualization have received some attention in trade periodicals and journals, but a comprehensive and authoritative understanding of virtualized system security under current models of information security has yet to be developed. Such an understanding requires that some fundamental questions be asked: What is the place of virtualized system components in security models as they are currently understood? How should the implementation of virtualization be expected to affect security planning under such models? Our paper presents a first attempt to address these questions. We present an integrated model of system security highlighting the effects of virtualization. We then use this model to analyze security impacts of virtualization within the overall system security context, and present suggestions for further research to formalize security in systems incorporating virtualization.
Experiments and Prospects of Example-Based Machine Translation

EBMT (Example-Based Machine Translation) is proposed. EBMT retrieves similar examples (pairs of source phrases, sentences, or texts and their translations) from a database of examples, adapting the examples to translate a new input. EBMT has the following features: (1) It is easily upgraded simply by inputting appropriate examples to the database; (2) It assigns a reliability factor to the translation result; (3) It is accelerated effectively by both indexing and parallel computing; (4) It is robust because of best-match reasoning; and (5) It well utilizes translator expertise. A prototype system has been implemented to deal with a difficult translation problem for conventional Rule-Based Machine Translation (RBMT), i.e., translating Japanese noun phrases of the form "N1 no N2" into English. The system has achieved about a 78% success rate on average. This paper explains the basic idea of EBMT, illustrates the experiment in detail, explains the broad applicability of EBMT to several difficult translation problems for RBMT and discusses the advantages of integrating EBMT with RBMT.
M-flation: inflation from matrix valued scalar fields

We propose an inflationary scenario, M-flation, in which inflation is driven by three N × N hermitian matrices Φi, i = 1, 2, 3. The inflation potential of our model, which is strongly motivated from string theory, is constructed from Φi and their commutators. We show that one can consistently restrict the classical dynamics to a sector in which the Φi are proportional to the N × N irreducible representations of SU(2). In this sector our model effectively behaves as an N-flation model with 3N2 number of fields and the effective inflaton field has a super-Planckian field value. Furthermore, the fine-tunings associated with unnaturally small couplings in the chaotic type inflationary scenarios are removed. Due to the matrix nature of the inflaton fields there are 3N2−1 extra scalar fields in the dynamics. These have the observational effects such as production of iso-curvature perturbations on cosmic microwave background. Moreover, the existence of these extra scalars provides us with a natural preheating mechanism and exit from inflation. As the effective inflaton field can traverse super-Planckian distances in the field space, the model is capable of producing a considerable amount of gravity waves that can be probed by future CMB polarization experiments such as PLANCK, QUIET and CMBPOL.
Radiology of Fractures in Intoxicated Emergency Department Patients: Locations, Mechanisms, Presentation, and Initial Interpretation Accuracy

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of alcohol intoxication to time-to-presentation following injury, fracture type, mechanism of injury leading to fracture, and initial diagnostic radiology interpretation performance of emergency physicians versus diagnostic radiologists in patients who present to the emergency department (ED) and are subsequently diagnosed with fracture.Medical records of 1286 patients who presented to the ED and were diagnosed with fracture who also underwent plain film or computed tomography (CT) imaging were retrospectively reviewed. The subjects were divided into intoxicated and sober groups. Patient characteristics, injury-to-presentation time, fracture location, and discrepancies between initial clinical and radiological evaluations were compared.Of 1286 subjects, 181 patients were included in the intoxicated group. Only intoxicated patients presented with head/neck fractures more than 24 hours after injury. The intoxicated group showed a higher rate of head/neck fractures (skull 23.2% vs 5.8%, face and orbit 30.4% vs 9.5%; P < 0.001) and a lower rate of extremity injuries. The rate of nondiagnosis of fractures by emergency physicians later identified by radiologists was the same in both groups (7.7% vs 7.7%, P = 0.984). While the same proportion of intoxicated patients presented more than 24 hours following injury, only intoxicated patients presented with craniofacial and cervical spinal fractures during this period. Alcohol-related injuries are more often associated with head/neck fractures but less extremity injuries. The rate of fractures missed by emergency physicians but later diagnosed by radiologists was the same in intoxicated and sober patients.
Examining Male Wartime Rape Survivors’ Perspectives on Justice in Northern Uganda

This article examines how male survivors of wartime sexual violence in Northern Uganda conceptualize justice. Whereas recent years have witnessed increasing consideration for redressing conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence against women, specific attention to justice for male-directed sexual violence remains absent. Drawing on the empirically-grounded perspectives of 46 male survivors, this article incorporates the seldom-heard voices and perspectives of male wartime rape survivors into debates about justice in the context of sexual violence, thereby contributing towards a gender-inclusive and holistic understanding of gender justice debates. The findings underpinning this article demonstrate that male survivors’ justice priorities primarily centre around three interrelated themes: (a) justice as recognition, (b) government acknowledgement and (c) reparative justice. According to male survivors, these three aspects of justice imply the potential to respond to the misrecognition of male survivors’ experiences and to remedy their sexual and gendered harms in a reparative and gender-sensitive capacity.
Proteomic Alterations in B Lymphocytes of Sensitized Mice in a Model of Chemical-Induced Asthma

Introduction and Aim The role of B-lymphocytes in chemical-induced asthma is largely unknown. Recent work demonstrated that transferring B lymphocytes from toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitized mice into naïve mice, B cell KO mice and SCID mice, triggered an asthma-like response in these mice after a subsequent TDI-challenge. We applied two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to describe the “sensitized signature” of B lymphocytes comparing TDI-sensitized mice with control mice. Results Sixteen proteins were identified that were significantly up- or down-regulated in B lymphocytes of sensitized mice. Particularly differences in the expression of cyclophilin A, cofilin 1 and zinc finger containing CCHC domain protein 11 could be correlated to the function of B lymphocytes as initiators of T lymphocyte independent asthma-like responses. Conclusion This study revealed important alterations in the proteome of sensitized B cells in a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma, which will have an important impact on the B cell function.
The Tblisi Symposium on Logic, Language and Computation Contents 1 Implementational Aspects of a Categorial Grammar Based on Partial Proof Trees 1 Implementational Aspects of a Categorial Grammar Based on Partial Proof Trees

abstract. We present some implementational aspects of a categorial system (PPTS) based on partial proof trees. A prototype version of this system has been implemented in Prolog, a higher-order logic programming language that allows for an elegant and declarative implementation of variable abstractions and-reduction at higher types. The operations of PPTS make extensive use of higher-order manipulation of-terms, and so Prolog allows for an implementation that does not obscure the underlying formalism. We discuss in detail how the properties of Prolog are used for the implementation .
Unusual Medial-End Clavicle Fracture Combined with Double Disruption of the Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex (SSSC) : A Case Report in Triathlon Athlete.

INTRODUCTION Most published floating clavicle report a dislocation or fracture of one or both ends of the clavicle. CASE PRESENTATION We reported a new framework of this injury in a young triathlon athlete; medial-end displaced fracture with co-existent double disruption of the superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) with the anterior shoulder arch wholly disconnected from the nearby structure. CONCLUSION The management of these complex fractures remains an open debate. The infrequent publications and the rarity of this type of injuries don't support the surgeon about the choice of the best possible treatment. However, if they are involved Patients with high functional demands, the Authors suggest the surgical management of medial-end clavicle fractures followed by restoration of SSSC complex if damaged on more than two locations.
Metabolic Engineering of Fusarium oxysporum to Improve Its Ethanol-Producing Capability

Fusarium oxysporum is one of the few filamentous fungi capable of fermenting ethanol directly from plant cell wall biomass. It has the enzymatic toolbox necessary to break down biomass to its monosaccharides and, under anaerobic and microaerobic conditions, ferments them to ethanol. Although these traits could enable its use in consolidated processes and thus bypass some of the bottlenecks encountered in ethanol production from lignocellulosic material when Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used—namely its inability to degrade lignocellulose and to consume pentoses—two major disadvantages of F. oxysporum compared to the yeast—its low growth rate and low ethanol productivity—hinder the further development of this process. We had previously identified phosphoglucomutase and transaldolase, two major enzymes of glucose catabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway, as possible bottlenecks in the metabolism of the fungus and we had reported the effect of their constitutive production on the growth characteristics of the fungus. In this study, we investigated the effect of their constitutive production on ethanol productivity under anaerobic conditions. We report an increase in ethanol yield and a concomitant decrease in acetic acid production. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the genetic modifications applied did not simply accelerate the metabolic rate of the microorganism; they also affected the relative concentrations of the various metabolites suggesting an increased channeling toward the chorismate pathway, an activation of the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt, and an excess in NADPH regeneration.
Durational Patterns and Functions of Disfluent Word-repetitions: The Effect of Age and Speech Task

The aim of this study is to analyse durational patterns and functions of disfluent whole-word repetitions in diverse age groups and speech tasks. Speech samples of school children (9-year-olds), adolescents (13-14-year- olds), young adults (20-25-year-olds) and old speakers (75+) were selected for the analysis. Recordings were made with each subject in two situations representing different speech tasks: 1) spontaneous narrative (participants spoke about their own lives and families), and 2) narrative recall (the task was to recall two texts they had listened to as accurately as possible). Results show that there are differences in the durational patterns and functions between the age groups in both speech tasks. Editing phases were significantly longer in 9-year-olds than in adults. In the ratio of the duration of R2 and R1, there were significant differences between 9-year-olds and the other three age groups, and between adolescents and the old speakers. As regards functions, in spontaneous narratives, the ratio of canonical repetitions was higher in 13- and 20-30-year-olds, and the ratio of stalling repetitions was higher in 9- and 75+-year-olds. In narrative recall, the ratio of stalling repetitions rose in 20-30- and 75+-year-olds. However, there were no significant differences between the speech tasks in any age group.