Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rover Technology Development and Infusion for the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory Mission

After the 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Mission, NASA plans to send a larger, longer life Mobile Science Laboratory (MSL) in 2009. This rover is planned to last 500 days, travel ten kilometers, and demonstrate autonomous capabilities that reduce the number of communication cycles now needed to achieve successful completion of activities on the surface.
Da The Tempest di Shakespeare al discorso europeo sulle migrazioni. Un’analisi critica comparativa

Abstract – The present chapter aims at comparing the modern voyages of migrants especially from Africa towards Europe, to Shakespeare’s work The Tempest , by focusing on some parallel lines of enquiry. Specifically, the focus is placed on the perception that the relation of Prospero in Shakespeare’s work to the native inhabitant of the island, Caliban, may be compared in its complexity to the image of the European Union as the political institution imposing the legal instruments to manage modern migrations across the Mediterranean. Such a relationship is investigated here from a lingua-cultural perspective, pointing out the challenges that the encounter between the two different backgrounds of the participants may create in terms of communication and cultural exchange.
Irrigated Afforestation of Deserts to Thermostat the Earth , End Global Warming and Provide Enormous Sustainable Sources of Wood to Replace Non-renewable Fossil Fuels

Large-scale irrigated afforestation of sub-tropical deserts; reduced-impact logging (RIL) of fallen trees in ‘virgin’ tropical forests; and managed ocean macroalgal afforestation of ocean ‘deserts’ have been proposed [1, 2, 3] as techniques to sequester more CO2 than has been dumped into the atmosphere, by the burning of fossil fuels and by deforestation, since the beginning of the industrial revolution (~1850). These three techniques could also provide a sustainable, low-CO2-foot-print1 replacement for the (non-renewable) fossil fuels that presently sustain world economies. Yet such opportunities have been almost totally neglected in discussions of mitigation of anthropogenic global warming (AGW). This essay reviews this problem and argues that such techniques, that can often be accomplished with well-established, (rather than new) technologies, provide an affordable way to thermostat the earth and preserve and improve quality of life (QOL).
A GENERALIZED METHOD FOR REALIZING PARTIAL REDUNDANCY ELIMINATION FOR NORMAL FORMS IN STATIC SINGLE ASSIGNMENT FORMS

Partial Redundancy Elimination (PRE) is an effective optimization for eliminating partially redundant expressions and includes the effects of common subexpression elimination and hoisting loop invariant expressions. There have been some previous attempts to realize PRE on the Static Single Assignment (SSA) form, which is a suitable intermediate form for optimization. However, such attempts are generally difficult because of the uniqueness of variable names in the SSA form. For example, a variable that is used in several contexts in the normal form may be assigned a new name for each context in the SSA form, so it is difficult to identify the same variables in the two forms. To handle such problems, previous methods performed complicated processing by using special data structures.
Do Cultural Differences in Successful ERP Implementations Exist

— Using a methodology grounded in business process change theory, we investigate the critical success factors that affect ERP implementation success in United States and India. Specifically, we examine the ERP implementation at two case study companies, one in each country. Our findings suggest that certain factors that affect the success of ERP implementations are not culturally bound, whereas some critical success factors depend on the national culture of the country in which the system is being implemented. We believe that the understanding of these critical success factors will deepen the understanding of ERP implementations and will help avoid implementation mistakes, thereby increasing the rate of success in culturally different contexts. Implications of the findings and future research directions for both academicians and practitioners are also discussed.
Straub tail, the deprivation effect and addiction to aggression

It has been observed that male mice who are consistently winning fights with conspecifics can raise their tail, which is very similar to a morphine-induced Straub tail response. Since this response is a typical index of opiate activation, it has been proposed that the opioidergic systems of such mice are chronically activated. This activation appeared to be a potent factor, which leads to addiction to aggression. To check this hypothesis, we exposed the mice who had won 20 fights in succession with conspecifics to a behavioral sensitization procedure. The effects of the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the behavior of winners were examined in an open-field test before and after 5- and 14-day deprivation of aggression. Morphine had a much stronger stimulating effect on the open-field behavior of 60 % of the winners deprived of aggression for 14 days than on that of the control mice. Morphine did not stimulate behavioral activity in the winners before or after deprivation for 5 days. The aggression level in the winners was higher after than before deprivation. It has been concluded that, in the winners, the mu-opioid receptors became tolerant to the effects of morphine and became sensitized after long aggression deprivation. The development of addiction to aggression due to repeated victories is discussed in the light of the theory of addiction (Robinson,Berridge, 2003).
Compound-specific stable isotopes of organic compounds from lake sediments track recent environmental changes in an alpine ecosystem, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado

Compound-specific nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen isotope records from sediments of Sky Pond, an alpine lake in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, United States of America), were used to evaluate factors contributing to changes in diatom assemblages and bulk organic nitrogen isotope records identified in lake sediments across Colorado, Wyoming, and southern Montana. Nitrogen isotopic records of purified algal chlorins indicate a substantial shift in nitrogen cycling in the region over the past , 60 yr. Temporal changes in the growth characteristics of algae, captured in carbon isotope records in and around Sky Pond, as well as a 2 60 % excursion in the hydrogen isotope composition of algal-derived palmitic acid, are coincident with changes in nitrogen cycling. The confluence of these trends is attributed to an increase in biologically available nitrogenous compounds caused by an expansion of anthropogenic influences and temporal changes in catchment hydrology and nutrient delivery associated with meltwater dynamics.
Dynamical and pressure structures in winds with multiple embedded evaporating clumps – I. Two-dimensional numerical simulations

Because of its key role in feedback in star formation and galaxy formation, we examine the nature of the interaction of a flow with discrete sources of mass injection. We show the results of two-dimensional numerical simulations in which we explore a range of configurations for the mass sources and study the effects of their proximity on the downstream flow. The mass sources act effectively as a single source of mass injection if they are so close together that the ratio of their combined mass injection rate is comparable to or exceeds the mass flux of the incident flow into the volume that they occupy. The simulations are relevant to many diffuse sources, such as planetary nebulae and starburst superwinds, in which a global flow interacts with material evaporating or being ablated from the surface of globules of cool, dense gas.
A Robust Adaptive Beamformer for Multi-path Signal Reception

A robust adaptive beamformer with new constraints on the array response is proposed to avoid signal cancellation in the environment where multi-path signals exist. The robustness is achieved by forcing the magnitude response of the desired signal and its multi-path signals exceeding unity in the presumed clusters while minimizing the output power. In this way, the desired signal is conbined with its multi-path signals rather than cancelled by them as in the conventional beamformer. Computer simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
For an Intelligent E-Learning: A Managerial Model Suggestion for Artificial Intelligence Supported E-Learning Content Flow

During a typical e-learning process, there are many different factors that should be taken into consideration to keep the stability of the process or improve the process to get more effective results. Nowadays, employing Artificial Intelligence-based approaches is one of the most popular ways to improve the process and obtain the desired objectives rapidly. In this sense, there are many different kinds of scientific works in order to improve the related literature. However, ensuring control among the performed Artificial Intelligence-based e-learning process is a critical point because there is sometimes a misunderstanding about employing intelligent e-learning process that running intelligent educational tools or materials does not always mean the related e-learning process will improve greatly. In order to ensure that there should be some managerial procedures focused on some aspects of the process, this chapter aims to introduce a managerial model that can be used for especially Artificial Intelligence-supported e-learning content flow in order to improve the educational process. The suggested model is usable for the educational institutions, which focus on especially Artificial Intelligence-oriented e-learning solutions, research works, and educational activities.
Nab-paclitaxel and trastuzumab combination: a promising approach for neoadjuvant treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer

Neoadjuvant therapy is a well-established approach for the treatment of locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer (BC) and has been increasingly used in recent years not only as a management strategy but also as a research tool. Recently, nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel)/trastuzumab combinations have been associated with promising activity in different clinical settings. In the present case, we report a complete pathological response after neoadjuvant treatment with the trastuzumab/nab-paclitaxel combination in a locally advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC patient, with a good toxicity profile. This combination may represent a valid therapeutic option in the neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive locally advanced BC.
Hybrid Adaptation of Named Entity Recognition for Statistical Machine Translation

A BSTRACT Appropriate Named Entity handling is important for Statistical Machine Translation. In this work we address the challenging issues of generalization and sparsity of NEs in the context of SMT. Our approach uses the source NE Recognition (NER) system to generalize the training data by replacing the recognized Named Entities with place-holders, thus allowing a Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation (PBMT) system to learn more general patterns. At translation time, the recognized Named Entities are handled through a speciﬁcally adapted translation model, which improves the quality of their translation. We add a post-processing step to a standard NER system in order to make it more suitable for integration with SMT and we also learn a prediction model for deciding between options for translating the Named Entities, based on their context and on their impact on the translation of the entire sentence. We show important improvements in terms of BLEU and TER scores already after integration of NER into SMT, but especially after applying the SMT-adapted post-processing step to the NER component.
A Cross-Comparison of Perceptions of Online Education: A Case Study of an Online MBA Program.

A Cross-Comparison of Perceptions of Online Education: A Case Study of an Online MBA Program Nikolaos Linardopoulos Sheila R. Vaidya, PhD This study examined the perceptions of online education held by internal stakeholders (students, faculty and administration) of an online MBA program at a major urban university. Specifically, factors that affect the students’ decision to enroll in an online program as well as the variables that affect the faculty decision to teach online courses were examined. In addition, the overall attitude towards online education held by students, faculty and the administration was examined. The results indicate that students and the administration view online education very favorably. Faculty members, while also endorsing online education conveyed the need for more ways to interact with students and expressed workload concerns. Implications and possible further research areas for the development of online programs and courses in the future are discussed.
A comparison of Chebyshev I and Chebyshev II filter applied for noise suppression in ECG signal

In many medical application, there is need to remove frequency components from a signal while leaving rest of spectrum unaltered. While recording ECG signal it gets corrupted due to different noise interferences and artifacts. Noise and interference are usually large enough to obscure small amplitude features of the ECG hat are of physiological or clinical interest. The bandwidth of the noise overlaps that of wanted signals, so that simple filtering cannot sufficiently enhance the signal to noise ratio. The present paper introduces the digital filtering method to cope with the noise artifacts in the ECG signal. The Chebyshev I and Chebyshev type II filters are applied on the ECG signal. The detailed design procedure with there responses are depicted in the paper. This article also gives the comparison of both types of the filter. It is found that both digital filters works satisfactory with some limitations. All the designs are implemented using MATLAB FDA tool. ECG data is acquired from the Instrumentation amplifier designed in the Laboratory. For the interfacing of ECG amplifier to the computer advantech 711B add on card has been used.
The Role of Background Selection in Shaping Patterns of Molecular Evolution and Variation: Evidence from Variability on the Drosophila X Chromosome

In the putatively ancestral population of Drosophila melanogaster, the ratio of silent DNA sequence diversity for X-linked loci to that for autosomal loci is approximately one, instead of the expected “null” value of 3/4. One possible explanation is that background selection (the hitchhiking effect of deleterious mutations) is more effective on the autosomes than on the X chromosome, because of the lack of crossing over in male Drosophila. The expected effects of background selection on neutral variability at sites in the middle of an X chromosome or an autosomal arm were calculated for different models of chromosome organization and methods of approximation, using current estimates of the deleterious mutation rate and distributions of the fitness effects of deleterious mutations. The robustness of the results to different distributions of fitness effects, dominance coefficients, mutation rates, mapping functions, and chromosome size was investigated. The predicted ratio of X-linked to autosomal variability is relatively insensitive to these variables, except for the mutation rate and map length. Provided that the deleterious mutation rate per genome is sufficiently large, it seems likely that background selection can account for the observed X to autosome ratio of variability in the ancestral population of D. melanogaster. The fact that this ratio is much less than one in D. pseudoobscura is also consistent with the model’s predictions, since this species has a high rate of crossing over. The results suggest that background selection may play a major role in shaping patterns of molecular evolution and variation.
Economic Returns to Education in France: OLS and Instrumental Variable Estimations

This article estimates the economic returns to schooling as well as analyzing other explanatory factors for the French labor market. It addresses the issue of endogeneity bias and proposes two new instruments for use in the instrumental variable two-stage least squares technique. Our results show that the proposed instruments are relevant and adequate, based on evidence from the available literature. After using the proposed instruments, we find that the OLS coefficients for schooling are biased downwards. Finally, we choose between the two proposed instruments.
Facing the Regulators: Noncompliance With Detailed Mandatory Compensation Disclosure in Brazil

Abstract A preliminary court injunction based on alleged personal security risks gave Brazilian public companies the option of noncompliance with new executive and director compensation disclosure rules. We find that noncompliance is possibly motivated by agency conflicts and not by crime rates in the state where the company is headquartered. Noncompliers tend to present lower corporate governance (CG) quality, higher ownership concentration, larger total assets, and less profitability. State- and foreign-owned companies are significantly less likely noncompliers. Shareholders correctly anticipated that lower CG quality firms were more likely noncompliers but may have been negatively surprised when some higher CG quality firms did not comply.
Lightpath communications: an approach to high bandwidth optical WAN's

An architectural approach that meets high bandwidth requirements by introducing a communication architecture based on lightpaths, optical transmission paths in the network, is introduced. Since lightpaths form the building block of the proposed architecture, its performance hinges on their efficient establishment and management. It is shown that although the problem of optimally establishing lightpaths is NP-complete, simple heuristics provide near optimal substitutes for several of the basic problems motivated by a lightpath-based architecture. >
Mutation in SNAP25 as a novel genetic cause of epilepsy and intellectual disability

Whole exome sequencing using a parent-child trio design to identify de novo mutations provides an efficient method to identify novel genes for rare diseases with low reproductive fitness that are difficult to study by more classical genetic methods of linkage analysis. We describe a 15 y old female with severe static encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and generalized epilepsy. After extensive metabolic and genetic testing, whole exome sequencing identified a novel de novo variant in Synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP25), c.142G > T p.Phe48Val alteration. This variant is predicted to be damaging by all prediction algorithms. SNAP25 is part of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein complex which is involved in exocytotic release of neurotransmitters. Genetic alterations in Snap25 in animal models can cause anxiety-related behavior, ataxia and seizures. We suggest that SNAP25 mutations in humans are a novel genetic cause of intellectual disability and epilepsy.
Upper Bound on Outage Capacity of Orthogonal Relay Networks

We consider the orthogonal multiple relay channel at the low SNR regime. The source transmits to the destination and all the possible relays in one channel and the relays transmit in different and orthogonal channels making use of the transmission received from the source. This cooperative strategy achieves diversity gains at a high cost in bandwidth efficiency, due to the orthogonality of the transmissions. However, it has the desired benefit of allowing all the nodes in the network to behave as in a point to point channel. Based on the max-flow min-cut upper bound for relay networks, we explore the capacity limits of this kind of communication, obtaining an upper bound on the capacity when full channel state information (CSI) is available at every network node. This focus gives insight on the design of the transmitting strategy and define how feedback from relays and destination can be performed practically and optimally, giving ideas for higher layer protocols
Voting Power , Hierarchical Pivotal Sets , and Random Dictatorships

In many traditional social choice problems, analyzing the voting power of the voters in a given profile is an important part. Usually the voting power of an agent is measured by whether the agent is pivotal. In this paper, we introduce two extensions of the set of pivotal agents to measure agents’ voting power in a given profile. The first, which is called hierarchical pivotal sets, captures the voting power for an agent to make other agents pivotal. The second, which is called coalitional pivotal sets, is based on the fact that each agent is given a weight that is computed similarly to the Shapley-Shubik power index. We also introduce random dictatorships induced by the two types of pivotal sets to approximate full random dictatorships. We show that the random dictatorships induced by the hierarchical pivotal sets are strategic-pivot-proof, that is, no agent can make herself become one of the possible dictators by voting differently. We then focus on the hierarchical pivotal sets when the hierarchical level goes to infinity. We prove that for any voting rule that satisfies anonymity and unanimity, and for any given profile, the union of the hierarchical pivotal sets are a sound and complete characterization of the non-redundant agents. We also show that if the voting rule does not satisfy anonymity, then this characterization might not be complete. Finally, we investigate algorithmic aspects of computing the hierarchical pivotal sets.
Nutrition Care for Patients with Weight Regain after Bariatric Surgery

Achieving optimal weight outcomes for patients with obesity is important to the management of their chronic disease. All interventions present risks for weight regain. Bariatric surgery is the most efficacious treatment, producing greater weight losses that are sustained over more time compared to lifestyle interventions. However, approximately 20–30% of patients do not achieve successful weight outcomes, and patients may experience a regain of 20–25% of their lost weight. This paper reviews several factors that influence weight regain after bariatric surgery, including type of surgery, food tolerance, energy requirements, drivers to eat, errors in estimating intake, adherence, food and beverage choices, and patient knowledge. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach can provide the best care for patients with weight regain. Nutrition care by a registered dietitian is recommended for all bariatric surgery patients. Nutrition diagnoses and interventions are discussed. Regular monitoring of weight status and early intervention may help prevent significant weight regain.
Does the radioactive decay obey the Poisson statistics

It is shown that a nontrivial quantum structure of our space at macroscopic scales, which may exist as a relic of quantum gravity processes in the early universe, gives rise to a new phenomenon: spontaneous origin of an interference picture in every physical process. This explains why statistical distributions in radioactivity measurements may be different from the Poisson distribution.