Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Modelling of Cerebral Blood Flow Rate at Different Stages of Moyamoya Disease in Adults and Children

Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disorder which causes a decrease in the cerebral blood flow rate. In this study, a lumped parameter model describing the pressures and flow rates in the heart chambers, circulatory system, and cerebral circulation with the main arteries in the circle of Willis, pial circulation, cerebral capillaries, and veins was used to simulate Moyamoya disease with and without coarctation of the aorta in adults and children. Cerebral blood flow rates were 724 mL/min and 1072 mL/min in the healthy adult and child cardiovascular system models. The cerebral blood flow rates in the adult and child cardiovascular system models simulating Moyamoya disease were 676 mL/min and 1007 mL/min in stage 1, 627 mL/min and 892 mL/min in stage 2, 571 mL/min and 831 in stage 3, and 444 and 537 mL/min in stage 4. The cerebral blood flow rates were 926 mL/min and 1421 mL/min in the adult and child cardiovascular system models simulating coarctation of the aorta. Furthermore, the cerebral blood flow rates in the adult and child cardiovascular system model simulating Moyamoya disease with coarctation of the aorta were 867 mL/min and 1341 mL/min in stage 1, 806 mL/min and 1197 mL/min in stage 2, 735 mL/min and 1121 in stage 3, and 576 and 741 mL/min in stage 4. The numerical model utilised in this study can simulate the advancing stages of Moyamoya disease and evaluate the associated risks with Moyamoya disease.
Interpreting Infrared Thermography with Deep Learning to Assess the Mortality Risk of Critically Ill Patients at Risk of Hypoperfusion

Background : Hypoperfusion, a common manifestation of many critical illnesses, could lead to abnormalities in body surface thermal distribution. However, the interpretation of thermal images is difficult. Our aim was to assess the mortality risk of critically ill patients at risk of hypoperfusion in a prospective cohort by infrared thermography combined with deep learning methods. Methods : This post-hoc study was based on a cohort at high-risk of hypoperfusion. Patients’ legs were selected as the region of interest. Thermal images and conventional hypoperfusion parameters were collected. Six deep learning models were attempted to derive the risk of mortality (range: 0 to 100%) for each patient. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate predictive accuracy. Results : Fifty-five hospital deaths occurred in a cohort consisting of 373 patients. The conventional hypoperfusion (capillary refill time and diastolic blood pressure) and thermal (low temperature area rate and standard deviation) parameters demonstrated similar predictive accuracies for hospital mortality (AUROC 0.73 and 0.77). The deep learning methods, especially the ResNet (18), could further improve the accuracy. The AUROC of ResNet (18) was 0.94 with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 91% when using a cutoff of 36%. ResNet (18) presented a significantly increasing trend in the risk of mortality in patients with normotension (13 [7 to 26]), hypotension (18 [8 to 32]) and shock (28 [14 to 62]). Conclusions : Interpreting infrared thermography with deep learning enables accurate and non-invasive assessment of the severity of patients at risk of hypoperfusion.
A time-varying measurement error model for age of onset of a psychiatric diagnosis: applied to first depressive episode diagnosed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)

A substantial degree of uncertainty exists surrounding the reconstruction of events based on memory recall. This form of measurement error affects the performance of structured interviews such as the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), an important tool to assess mental health in the community. Measurement error probably explains the discrepancy in estimates between longitudinal studies with repeated assessments (the gold-standard), yielding approximately constant rates of depression, versus cross-sectional studies which often find increasing rates closer in time to the interview. Repeated assessments of current status (or recent history) are more reliable than reconstruction of a person's psychiatric history based on a single interview. In this paper, we demonstrate a method of estimating a time-varying measurement error distribution in the age of onset of an initial depressive episode, as diagnosed by the CIDI, based on an assumption regarding age-specific incidence rates. High-dimensional non-parametric estimation is achieved by the EM-algorithm with smoothing. The method is applied to data from a Norwegian mental health survey in 2000. The measurement error distribution changes dramatically from 1980 to 2000, with increasing variance and greater bias further away in time from the interview. Some influence of the measurement error on already published results is found.
All-Optical Regeneration and Format Conversion for 4APSK Signals Based on Nonlinear Effects in HNLF

An all-optical format conversion and regeneration scheme about 4-ary amplitude and phase shift keying (4APSK) signals is proposed and numerically simulated based on nonlinear effects in the high nonlinear fiber (HNLF). The input 4APSK signal is firstly converted into a regular quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal by the nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on the self-phase modulation (SPM). Secondly, a degenerate phase-sensitive amplification (PSA) based on the four-wave mixing (FWM) is utilized to convert the regular-QPSK into two binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals. The nonlinear MZI configuration is also used to compress the amplitude noise of BPSK. Thirdly, one phase shifter and one variable optical attenuator (VOA) are used to adjust the relative phase and power relationships of the two amplitude-regenerated BPSK signals. The regenerated 4APSK and converted QPSK signals can be generated in one 3-dB optical coupler through coherent addition of the two regenerated BPSK signals. The error-vector-magnitude (EVM) and the bit-error-rate (BER) are calculated and compared to evaluate the scheme performance. The proposed scheme can be applied as an optical regenerator or format convertor at the network gateway to increase the transmission distance or connect optical networks with different modulation formats.
Active Flutter Control Using Generalized Unsteady Aerodynamic Theory

This paper describes the application of generalized unsteady aerodynamic theory to the problem of active flutter control. The controllability of flutter modes is investigated. It is shown that the response of aeroelastic systems is composed of a portion due to a rational transform and a portion due to a nonrational transform. The oscillatory response characteristic of flutter is due to the rational portion, and a theorem is given concerning the construction of a linear, finite-dimensional model of this portion of the system. The resulting rational model is unique and does not require state augmentation. Active flutter control designs using optimal regulator synthesis are presented.
A Generalized Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Analysis of MMIC Structures

This article examines the design and modeling of nonlinear microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs). In order to examine the nonlinear response of a typical MMIC geometry, a nonlinear volume with finite dimensions perturbs the linear dielectric region of the geometry. Assuming a "weak" nonlinear condition, the Wiener-Volterra method is applied and the unknown excess polarization field inside the nonlinear region is expressed. Focusing the analysis at the intermediate frequency (IF frequency), the nonlinear term of the unknown electric field is derived by solving the basic integral equation for y = y 1 - y 2 . The kernel of this integral mainly consists of the independent solutions of the relevant linear problem at y 1 , y 2 frequencies. Finally, a few simple geometries are examined and the relevant numerical results are computed and presented.
Neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung in dense stars. III. Low-temperature quantum corrections in the liquid metal phase

Low-temperature quantum corrections to the neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung rate are calculated for dense stellar matter in the liquid metal phase. The corrections arise from the quantum nature of semiclassical ions. The numerical results are parameterized in the form of analytic formulae in order of facilitate applications. The typical corrections are on the order of 5% or less in the density-temperature region where the present method is valid.
Hurricane Surface Wind Measurements from an Operational Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer

Abstract For the first time, the NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) flew stepped frequency microwave radiometers (SFMRs) on both WP-3D research aircraft for operational hurricane surface wind speed measurement in 2005. An unprecedented number of major hurricanes provided ample data to evaluate both instrument performance and surface wind speed retrieval quality up to 70 m s−1 (Saffir–Simpson category 5). To this end, a new microwave emissivity–wind speed model function based on estimates of near-surface winds in hurricanes by global positioning system (GPS) dropwindsondes is proposed. For practical purposes, utilizing this function removes a previously documented high bias in moderate SFMR-measured wind speeds (10–50 m s−1), and additionally corrects an extreme wind speed (>60 m s−1) underestimate. The AOC operational SFMRs yield retrievals that are precise to within ∼2% at 30 m s−1, which is a factor of 2 improvement over the NOAA Hurricane Research Division’s SFMR, and comparable to the precision fou.
ON THE SPATIAL BEHAVIOR IN THE DYNAMIC THEORY OF MIXTURES OF THERMOELASTIC SOLIDS

ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with a dynamic linear theory for binary mixtures of thermoelastic bodies. We study the spatial behavior for some classes of isotropic and homogeneous thermoelastic mixture materials for which the constitutive coefficients are supposed to satisfy various mild positive definiteness conditions. By introducing some appropriate measures, we are able to establish results describing the spatial behavior of the transient solutions in bounded as well as unbounded bodies.
SMART: On-Site Rapid Detection of Nucleic Acid from Plants, Animals, and Microorganisms in under 25 Minutes

The rapid on-site nucleic acid detection method is urgently required in many fields. In this study, we report a portable and highly integrated device for DNA detection that combines ultrafast DNA adsorption and rapid DNA amplification. The device, known as silicon film mediated recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for nucleic acid detection (SMART), can detect target DNA in less than 25 min from plants, animals, and microbes. Utilizing SMART, transgenic maize was rapidly detected with high selectivity and sensitivity. The sensitivity threshold of the SMART for transgenic maize genomic DNA was 50 copies. The detection results of genuine samples containing plants, animals, and microbes by SMART were consistent with the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, demonstrating the high robustness of SMART. Additionally, SMART does not require expensive equipment and is fast, affordable, and user-friendly, making it suited for the broad-scale on-site detection of nucleic acids.
Strain Engineering of ZrO2@TiO2 Core@shell Nanoparticle Photocatalysts

TiO2 photocatalysts can provide carbon-capture utilization and storage by converting atmospheric CO2 to green hydrogen, but the efficiency of the current photocatalysts is still too low for economical usage. Anatase TiO2 is effective in transferring the electrons and holes produced by the photoelectric effect to reactants because of its oxygen-terminated surfaces. However, the anatase TiO2 bandgap is 3.2 eV, which requires photons with wavelengths of 375 nm or less to produce electron–hole pairs. Therefore, TiO2 is limited to using a small part of the solar spectrum. Strain engineering has been used to design ZrO2@TiO2 core@shell structures with large strains in the TiO2 shell, which reduces its bandgap but maintains octahedral facets for charge separation and oxygen-terminated surfaces for the catalysis of reactants. Finite element analysis shows that shell thicknesses of 4–12 nm are effective at obtaining large strains in a large portion of the shell, with the largest strains occurring next to the ZrO2 surface. The c-axis strains for 4–12 nm shells are up to 7%. The strains reduce the bandgap in anatase TiO2 up to 0.35 eV, which allows for the use of sunlight with wavelengths up to 421 nm. For the AM 1.5 standard spectrum, electron–hole pair creation in 4 nm thick and 10 nm thick TiO2 shells can be increased by a predicted 25% and 23%, respectively. The 10 nm thick shells provide a much larger volume of TiO2 and use proportionally less ZrO2. In addition, surface-plasmon resonators could be added to further extend the usable spectrum and increase the production of electron–hole pairs many-fold.
Stereophotogrammetric Method for Fabrication of Cranioplast Using Digital Facial Scan Technology - A Case Report

Rationale: Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of cranial defects. Cranioplasty is the surgical intervention performed to repair cranial defects. The purpose of a cranioplast is to protect the underlying brain tissues, reduce pain, and improve calvarial contour and symmetry. Patient Concerns: This case report describes the management of an ambulatory aided patient who met with a road traffic accident and had undergone decompressive craniectomy. Diagnosis: Noncontrast computed tomography confirmed the frontal cranial defect and was planned for decompressive craniectomy. Treatment Plan: An innovative multi-camera three-dimensional (3D) face-scanning software (Bellus 3D) was used for facial scanning to obtain a 3D face model and fabrication of 3D model using rich presence technology. Outcomes: The wax pattern was then fabricated on a 3D-prototyped model and a customised polymethylmethacrylate cranioplast was fabricated. Take-Away Lessons: This method with the added advantage of rapid prototyping technology resulted in prosthesis with good aesthetics and better fit.
Vertical Etching of Scandium Aluminum Nitride Thin Films Using TMAH Solution

A wide bandgap, an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient, and low dielectric permittivity are some of the outstanding properties that have made ScxAl1−xN a promising material in numerous MEMS and optoelectronics applications. One of the substantial challenges of fabricating ScxAl1−xN devices is its difficulty in etching, specifically with higher scandium concentration. In this work, we have developed an experimental approach with high temperature annealing followed by a wet etching process using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), which maintains etching uniformity across various Sc compositions. The experimental results of etching approximately 730 nm of ScxAl1−xN (x = 0.125, 0.20, 0.40) thin films show that the etch rate decreases with increasing scandium content. Nevertheless, sidewall verticality of 85°~90° (±0.2°) was maintained for all Sc compositions. Based on these experimental outcomes, it is anticipated that this etching procedure will be advantageous in the fabrication of acoustic, photonic, and piezoelectric devices.
Efficiency enhancement of a high power microwave generator based on a relativistic backward wave oscillator with a resonant reflector

A high power microwave generator based on a relativistic backward wave oscillator with a resonant reflector (BWO-RR) has been proposed in order to improve microwave conversion efficiency. In this device, the slow wave structure is separated by a modulation cavity, which significantly decreases the energy spread of the modulated beam electrons. At the end of the slow wave structure, an extraction cavity is employed to increase the beam-wave interaction and optimize the extraction of the output power. Particle-in-cell simulations show that a microwave efficiency of 46% has been obtained compared with that of 34% obtained with the BWO-RR.
On the principle of exchange of stabilities

A perturbation theorem is proved: a class of real, bounded (non-self-adjoint) perturbations of norm ϵ to real self-adjoint operators preserve the reality of the simple eigenvalues for ϵ sufficiently small. A bound is obtained on ϵ. Application is made to Bénard convection with constant heat sources, radiation, particular time-dependent profiles and nonlinear equations of state and to instability of circular Couette flow for a range of gap widths. In each case the growth rate is the eigenvalue and hence if ϵ < ϵc, travelling waves (either growing or decaying) are forbidden.
Extending the prediction error coder of H.264/AVC by a vector quantizer

The standardized video coding algorithms are based on hybrid coding using blockwise motion compensated prediction and transform coding of the resulting prediction error. For the purpose of transform coding, the recent standard H.264/AVC applies an integer transform. For each block, the Lagrangian costs are analyzed, which are measured by the sum of the squared reconstruction errors and the bit rate weighted by a Lagrange multiplier. It is observed that the costs of blocks with marginally or diagonally correlated samples are frequently higher than the costs theoretically required due to the fact that the transform coder of H.264/AVC is unadjusted for these blocks. In this paper, it is investigated if the coding efficiency can be improved by extending the prediction error coder by a vector quantizer which is optimized for the coding of these blocks. For each block of the prediction error either standardized transform coding or vector quantization is applied whereas the algorithm with lower costs is chosen. For broadcast quality at 34 dB PSNR, the bit rate is reduced by 7-10% compared to H.264/AVC using CAVLC with slightly reduced computational expense in the decoder. Compared to H.264/AVC using CABAC, almost the same coding efficiency is achieved with significantly lower computational expense in the decoder.
Self-similar gravitational collapse in an expanding universe

We derive similarity solutions which describe the collapse of cold, collisionless matter in a perturbed Einstein-de Sitter universe. We obtain three classes of solutions, one each with planar, cylindrical, and spherical symmetry. Our solutions can be computed to arbitrary accuracy, and they follow the development of structure in both the linear and nonlinear regimes.
Control of a unicycle-like robot with trailers using transverse function approach

The paper presents the application of a smooth kinematic algorithm to control multi-body vehicle which consists of the unicyclelike tractor with three trailers. The controller takes advantage of the transverse functions and properties of the IV-order two input chained system. The derivation of the algorithm is presented in details. In order to improve the performance of the controller in the real application a selected tuning techniques are discussed. The properties of the closed-loop control system are examined based on results of numerical simulations concerning the point stabilization and trajectory tracking tasks.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN E-MODUL LOGIKA MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PHET SIMULATION

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa melalui pembelajaran sesudah mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan e-modul logika matematika berbasis phet simulation. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 35 siswa kelas XI SMK Koperasi Pontianak dengan teknik cluster random sampling dimana sebelum diambil sampel dilakukan terlebih dahulu uji homogenitas dan dimana variansi dari populasi homogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan e-modul logika matematika berbasis phet simulation pada kelas XI SMK Koperasi Pontianak dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa dimana diperoleh persentase ketuntasan belajar sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pembelajaran tersebut sebesar 41% dan 59%.
A novel classification method of wall in rural housing pictures based on adapnet network

Based on the pictures of rural housing buildings, the characteristics of housing for the poor are studied, and the appearance of wall is classified by the deep learning method. The degree of poverty is determined by the classification of wall characteristics. Using the transfer learning method, the ResNet101 network is combined with the AdaptNet network to train the house image set. The house pictures are classified using the trained model. Experiments show that the classification accuracy in the recognition of wooden walls and tile walls is improved.
Habitual Sleep Patterns and Chronic Sleep Problems in Relation to Sex, Age, and Circadian Preference in a Population-Based Sample of Norwegian Adults

Sleep patterns and problems vary in relation to internal (e.g., sex, age, circadian preference) and external (e.g., social structures) factors. The main aim of the present study was to describe habitual sleep patterns and chronic sleep problems in a population-based sample of Norwegian adults. During spring 2022, a sample of 1028 adults completed an online survey on sleep habits and problems. Response rate was 33.5%. The survey included the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire and items on circadian preference and chronic sleep problems. Mean workday sleep duration was 7:19 h (±199 min), and shorter in males (p = 0.035) and evening persons (p = 0.003). Short workday sleep duration (<6 h) was reported by 3.1% and was associated with evening preference (p = 0.001). Mean social jetlag was 0:51 h (±75 min), and longer in males (p = 0.036), younger adults (p < 0.001) and evening persons (p < 0.001). Long social jetlag (≥2 h) was reported by 11.2% and associated with younger age (p < 0.001) and evening preference (p < 0.001). Chronic sleep problems (≥3 months) were reported by 44.1%, and associated with female sex (p < 0.001) and evening preference (p = 0.002). Results underscore the importance of considering evening circadian preference as a risk factor for short workday sleep duration, long social jetlag and self-reported chronic sleep problems.
Laser writing of color centers in silicon carbide

In this paper, we describe direct laser writing employed in 4H-SiC to create a controlled array or patterns of luminescent emission in the red and near infrared region (from 900nm to 1200nm) under green, red and infrared lasers excitations, respectively. The observed emissions are mainly attributed to vacancies related color centers in 4H-SiC.