Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved successive constraint method based a posteriori error estimate for reduced basis approximation of 2D Maxwell"s problem

In a posteriori error analysis of reduced basis approximations to affinely parametrized partial differential equations, the construction of lower bounds for the coercivity and inf-sup stability constants is essential. In (Huynh et al., C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math. 345 (2007) 473-478), the authors presented an efficient method, compatible with an off-line/on-line strategy, where the on- line computation is reduced to minimizing a linear functional under a few linear constraints. These constraints depend on nested sets of parameters obtained iteratively using a greedy algorithm. We improve here this method so that it becomes more efficient and robust due to two related properties: (i) the lower bound is obtained by a monotonic process with respect to the size of the nested sets; (ii) less eigen-problems need to be solved. This improved evaluation of the inf-sup constant is then used to consider a reduced basis approximation of a parameter dependent electromagnetic cavity problem both for the greedy construction of the elements of the basis and the subsequent validation of the reduced basis approximation. The problem we consider has resonance features for some choices of the parameters that are well captured by the methodology.
Line-to-ground capacitance calculation for VLSI: a comparison

A comparison is made between various approximations of the line-to-ground capacitance problem in a VLSI environment. It is shown that with up-to-date dimensions, the simple parallel-plate model is no longer adequate. However, easy-to-use and fast-to-compute formulas exist that result in accurate and reliable capacitance values. >
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research the Role of Tendon Microcirculation in Achilles and Patellar Tendinopathy

Tendinopathy is of distinct interest as it describes a painful tendon disease with local tenderness, swelling and pain associated with sonographic features such as hypoechogenic texture and diameter enlargement. Recent research elucidated microcirculatory changes in tendinopathy using laser Doppler flowmetry and spectrophotometry such as at the Achilles tendon, the patellar tendon as well as at the elbow and the wrist level. Tendon capillary blood flow is increased at the point of pain. Tendon oxygen saturation as well as tendon postcapillary venous filling pressures, determined non-invasively using combined Laser Doppler flowmetry and spectrophotometry, can quantify, in real-time, how tendon microcirculation changes over with pathology or in response to a given therapy. Tendon oxygen saturation can be increased by repetitive, intermittent short-term ice applications in Achilles tendons; this corresponds to 'ischemic preconditioning', a method used to train tissue to sustain ischemic damage. On the other hand, decreasing tendon oxygenation may reflect local acidosis and deteriorating tendon metabolism. Painful eccentric training, a common therapy for Achilles, patellar, supraspinatus and wrist tendinopathy decreases abnormal capillary tendon flow without compromising local tendon oxygenation. Combining an Achilles pneumatic wrap with eccentric training changes tendon microcirculation in a different way than does eccentric training alone; both approaches reduce pain in Achilles tendinopathy. The microcirculatory effects of measures such as extracorporeal shock wave therapy as well as topical nitroglycerine application are to be studied in tendinopathy as well as the critical question of dosage and maintenance. Interestingly it seems that injection therapy using color Doppler for targeting the area of neovascularisation yields to good clinical results with polidocanol sclerosing therapy, but also with a combination of epinephrine and lidocaine.
An Extended Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour to Predict the Usage Intention of the Electric Car: A Multi-Group Comparison

An Extended Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB) is developed that integrates emotions towards car driving and electric cars as well as car driving habits of the DTPB, and is empirically validated in a Belgian sample ( n = 1023). Multi-group comparisons explore how the determinants of usage intention are different between groups of consumers differing in environmentally-friendly behaviour, environmental concern, innovativeness and personal values. Besides attitudes, media, perceived complexity, compatibility and relative advantage, emotions towards the electric car and reflective emotions towards car driving have a strong effect on usage intention. Car driving habits and perceived behavioural control (facilitators and constraints) do not substantially affect usage intention. Only people differing in personal values show a different motivational structure for a number of important drivers of usage intention.
Conversion between dependency structures and phrase structures using a head finder algorithm

This paper proposes how to convert projective dependency structures into flat phrase structures with language-independent syntactic categories, and use a head finder algorithm to convert these phrase structures back into dependency structures. The head finder algorithm is implemented by a maximum entropy approach with constraint information. The converted phrase structures can be parsed using a hierarchical coarse-to-fine method with latent variables. Experimental results show that the approach finds 98.8% heads of all phrases, and our algorithm achieves state-of-the-art dependency parsing performance in English Treebank.
Elimination of Glycerol Production in Anaerobic Cultures of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Engineered To Use Acetic Acid as an Electron Acceptor

ABSTRACT In anaerobic cultures of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glycerol production is essential to reoxidize NADH produced in biosynthetic processes. Consequently, glycerol is a major by-product during anaerobic production of ethanol by S. cerevisiae, the single largest fermentation process in industrial biotechnology. The present study investigates the possibility of completely eliminating glycerol production by engineering S. cerevisiae such that it can reoxidize NADH by the reduction of acetic acid to ethanol via NADH-dependent reactions. Acetic acid is available at significant amounts in lignocellulosic hydrolysates of agricultural residues. Consistent with earlier studies, deletion of the two genes encoding NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1 and GPD2) led to elimination of glycerol production and an inability to grow anaerobically. However, when the E. coli mhpF gene, encoding the acetylating NAD-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.10; acetaldehyde + NAD+ + coenzyme A ↔ acetyl coenzyme A + NADH + H+), was expressed in the gpd1Δ gpd2Δ strain, anaerobic growth was restored by supplementation with 2.0 g liter−1 acetic acid. The stoichiometry of acetate consumption and growth was consistent with the complete replacement of glycerol formation by acetate reduction to ethanol as the mechanism for NADH reoxidation. This study provides a proof of principle for the potential of this metabolic engineering strategy to improve ethanol yields, eliminate glycerol production, and partially convert acetate, which is a well-known inhibitor of yeast performance in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, to ethanol. Further research should address the kinetic aspects of acetate reduction and the effect of the elimination of glycerol production on cellular robustness (e.g., osmotolerance).
Enhanced TKIP Michael Attacks

This paper presents new attacks against TKIP within IEEE 802.11 based networks. Using the known Beck-Tews attack, we define schemas to con- tinuously generate new keystreams, which allow more and longer arbitrary packets to be injected into the network. We further describe an attack against the Michael message integrity code, that allows an attacker to concatenate a known with an unknown valid TKIP packet such that the unknown MIC at the end is still valid for the new entire packet. Based on this, a schema to decrypt all traffic that flows towards the client is described.
Variance Behavior and Signification in Probabilistic Framework Applied to Vehicle Localization

The aim of this paper is to propose a discussion about the covariance signification and representation in probabilistic vehicle localization processes. Especially, we focus on its behavior along different trajectories (straight lines and curves). We discuss the interpretation, on one hand, of the mean (computed through a Monte Carlo simulation or estimated through an extended Kalman filtering process) and, on the other hand, of the uncertainty ellipses
Nuclear interactions of topoisomerase II α and β with phospholipid scramblase 1

DNA topoisomerase (topo) II modulates DNA topology and is essential for cell division. There are two isoforms of topo II (α and β) that have limited functional redundancy, although their catalytic mechanisms appear the same. Using their COOH-terminal domains (CTDs) in yeast two-hybrid analysis, we have identified phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) as a binding partner of both topo II α and β. Although predominantly a plasma membrane protein involved in phosphatidylserine externalization, PLSCR1 can also be imported into the nucleus where it may have a tumour suppressor function. The interactions of PLSCR1 and topo II were confirmed by pull-down assays with topo II α and β CTD fusion proteins and endogenous PLSCR1, and by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous PLSCR1 and topo II α and β from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. PLSCR1 also increased the decatenation activity of human topo IIα. A conserved basic sequence in the CTD of topo IIα was identified as being essential for binding to PLSCR1 and binding of the two proteins could be inhibited by a synthetic peptide corresponding to topo IIα amino acids 1430-1441. These studies reveal for the first time a physical and functional interaction between topo II and PLSCR1.
Trapped-ion quantum simulator

Coherent manipulations involving the quantized motional and internal states of a single trapped ion can be used to simulate the dynamics of other systems. We consider some examples, including the action of a Mach Zehnder interferometer which uses entangled input states. Coherent manipulations can also be used to create entangled states of multiple trapped ions; such states can be used to demonstrate fundamental quantum correlations.
Synchronization of high speed OFDM links using variations of Schmidl Cox for SNR improvement

Owing to the growing demand for the high-speed wireless communications which uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), there is a need to provide high-quality to overcome various channel impairments appearing over the transmission link. One of the main problems in providing such mechanisms is Doppler shift. which reduces the spectral efficiency of the system, raising a need to determine its value with high accuracy. In order to estimate this frequency shift, first the timing recovery is required. Over the years, Schmidl Cox algorithm has been used to determine this Doppler shift with considerate amount of success. But, with the increasing speed of the vehicle and the worsening channel conditions, this algorithm succumb to failure. The paper discusses the limitations of basic Schmidl Cox algorithm and the necessary improvements to be made, so as to push them to work better at harder conditions too.
Series connection of high power IGBT modules for traction applications

IGBT series-connected power switching circuit is presented. Voltage balance on IGBT's is ensured by means of a simple auxiliary circuit applied directly on the high power inverter used in hard switching applications. Analysis in terms of dissipated energy, collector overvoltage and switching frequencies, comparing performances of a single high voltage IGBT (3300 V) module and two series connected 1700 V IGBTs is reported. An extended experimental analysis is also reported. Both analysis confirm the advantages in using two series connected IGBT in substitution of a single high voltage module in terms of power losses and switching performances
Trade-off between on-chip decoupling capacitor and error tolerance in digital IC’S under noisy environment

Modern VLSI systems are continuously increasing its operating frequency, device density and parallelism which increase the magnitude and slew rate of transient demanded current. These trends in combination with the parasitic inductance of IC package and resistive nature of Power Delivery Network (PDN) results on power-to-ground voltage fluctuations causing timing violations on digital circuits. As technology advances the operating voltage levels are reduced aggravating these problems as noise does not scale with technology. The most commonly used solution is to incorporate on-chip decoupling capacitors to the PDN to keep the noise within a tolerance margin ensuring circuits functionality. However, the cost of this technique in area and leakage current increases with technology node. In this paper the trade-off between reducing on-chip decoupling capacitors size, its consequence on voltage level fluctuations and error rate due to timing violations is analyzed for incoming technologies.
Hongming Xu Image Transmission : A Case Study on Combined Scheme of LDPC-STBC in Asynchronous Cooperative MIMO Systems

this paper presents a novel scheme which is capable of reducing the error rate and improves the transmission performance in the asynchronous cooperative MIMO systems. A case study of image transmission is applied to prove the efficient of scheme. The linear dispersion structure is employed to accommodate the cooperative wireless communication network in the dynamic topology of structure, as well as to achieve higher throughput than conventional space–time codes based on orthogonal designs. The LDPC encoder without girth-4 and the STBC encoder with guard intervals are respectively introduced. The experiment results show that the combined coder of LDPC-STBC with guard intervals can be the good error correcting coders and BER performance in the asynchronous cooperative communication. In the case study of image transmission, the results show that in the transmission process, the image quality which is obtained by applied combined scheme is much better than it which is not applied the scheme in the asynchronous cooperative MIMO systems. Keywords—Cooperative MIMO, image transmission, linear dispersion codes, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC)
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular events with low HDL cholesterol: the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT).

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of insulin resistance and the benefit of the fibrate, gemfibrozil, on the incidence of major cardiovascular events in subjects with low HDL cholesterol and a broad range of triglyceride values who participated in the Veterans Affairs High Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This intention-to-treat analysis, specified as a secondary objective in VA-HIT, determined using Cox proportional hazards models the 5-year combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease (CHD) death, or stroke in relation to the presence or absence of insulin resistance (defined by the highest tertile of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) in conjunction with lower and higher levels of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The study population consisted of 2,283 men with known coronary heart disease (CHD), treated with either placebo or gemfibrozil, who could be subdivided into groups with diabetes with or without insulin resistance, with no diabetes but insulin resistance, and with neither diabetes nor insulin resistance. RESULTS With insulin resistance there was a significantly higher relative risk (RR) of a cardiovascular event both with diabetes (RR of 1.62 with 95% CI of 1.28-2.06) and without diabetes (RR of 1.43 with 95% CI of 1.03-1.98) than without insulin resistance. Throughout both lower and higher ranges of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, the rate of new cardiovascular events and the reduction of events with gemfibrozil was greater in subjects with insulin resistance than without, despite the finding that an increase in HDL cholesterol and a decrease in triglycerides with gemfibrozil was less with insulin resistance than without insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Results show that in VA-HIT the occurrence of a new cardiovascular event and the benefit of fibrate therapy was much less dependent on levels of HDL cholesterol or triglycerides than on the presence or absence of insulin resistance.
Double barrier reflected BSDEs with jumps and generalized Dynkin games

We study double barrier reflected BSDEs (DBBSDEs) with jumps and RCLL barriers, and their links with generalized Dynkin games. We provide existence and uniqueness results and prove that for any Lipschitz driver, the solution of the DBBSDE coincides with the value function of a game problem, which can be seen as a generalization of the classical Dynkin problem to the case of $g$-conditional expectations. Using this characterization, we prove some new results on DBBSDEs with jumps, such as comparison theorems and a priori estimates. We then study DBBSDEs with jumps and RCLL obstacles in the Markovian case and their links with parabolic partial integro-differential variational inequalities (PIDVI) with two obstacles
On the Efficiency and Programmability of Large Graph Processing in the Cloud

As the study of large graphs over hundreds of gigabytes becomes increasingly popular in cloud computing, efficiency and programmability of large graph processing tasks challenge existing tools. The inherent random access pattern on the graph generates significant amount of network traffic. Moreover, implementing custom logics on the unstructured data in a distributed manner is often a pain for graph analysts. To address these challenges, we develop Surfer, a large graph processing engine in the cloud. Surfer resolves the bottleneck of network traffic with graph partitioning, which is specifically adapted to the network environment of the cloud. To improve the programmability, Surfer provides two basic primitives as building blocks for high-level applications – MapReduce and propagation. Surfer implements both primitives with automatic optimizations on the partitioned graph. We implement and evaluate Surfer with common graph applications on the MSN social network and the synthetic graphs with over 100GB each. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and programmability of Surfer.
Organophosphorus Pesticides Decrease M2 Muscarinic Receptor Function in Guinea Pig Airway Nerves via Indirect Mechanisms

Background Epidemiological studies link organophosphorus pesticide (OP) exposures to asthma, and we have shown that the OPs chlorpyrifos, diazinon and parathion cause airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs 24 hr after a single subcutaneous injection. OP-induced airway hyperreactivity involves M2 muscarinic receptor dysfunction on airway nerves independent of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, but how OPs inhibit neuronal M2 receptors in airways is not known. In the central nervous system, OPs interact directly with neurons to alter muscarinic receptor function or expression; therefore, in this study we tested whether the OP parathion or its oxon metabolite, paraoxon, might decrease M2 receptor function on peripheral neurons via similar direct mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings Intravenous administration of paraoxon, but not parathion, caused acute frequency-dependent potentiation of vagally-induced bronchoconstriction and increased electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions in isolated trachea independent of AChE inhibition. However, paraoxon had no effect on vagally-induced bradycardia in intact guinea pigs or EFS-induced contractions in isolated ileum, suggesting mechanisms other than pharmacologic antagonism of M2 receptors. Paraoxon did not alter M2 receptor expression in cultured cells at the mRNA or protein level as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and radio-ligand binding assays, respectively. Additionally, a biotin-labeled fluorophosphonate, which was used as a probe to identify molecular targets phosphorylated by OPs, did not phosphorylate proteins in guinea pig cardiac membranes that were recognized by M2 receptor antibodies. Conclusions/Significance These data indicate that neither direct pharmacologic antagonism nor downregulated expression of M2 receptors contributes to OP inhibition of M2 function in airway nerves, adding to the growing evidence of non-cholinergic mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity.
High-level address exploration for an error correction optical disk subsystem: improving design productivity

In most real-time multimedia systems, major design bottlenecks are related to memory organisation and management related issues. Usually, in order to meet design constraints at low cost, designers of the memory management units directly think about low-level (register-transfer level) implementation aspects of the architecture. However, this approach typically results into time-consuming global design iterations. In contrast, we propose a high-level design exploration methodology where design bottlenecks related especially to the address generation issues are exposed as early as possible in the design trajectory, hence reducing design time considerably. The effectiveness of our approach is illustrated on the memory processor of an optical disk error correction application, Using our approach, a substantial part of the design search space has been explored in a few man-weeks instead of the months of effort required by more conventional design flows. Furthermore, not only design time is dramatically improved but also implementation cost and system performance, hence resulting in a highly productive design flow.
Attributing modelling errors in HMM synthesis by stepping gradually from natural to modelled speech

Even the best statistical parametric speech synthesis systems do not achieve the naturalness of good unit selection. We investigated possible causes of this. By constructing speech signals that lie in between natural speech and the output from a complete HMM synthesis system, we investigated various effects of modelling. We manipulated the temporal smoothness and the variance of the spectral parameters to create stimuli, then presented these to listeners alongside natural and vocoded speech, as well as output from a full HMM-based text-to-speech system and from an idealised `pseudo-HMM'. All speech signals, except the natural waveform, were created using vocoders employing one of two popular spectral parameterisations: Mel-Cepstra or Mel-Line Spectral Pairs. Listeners made `same or different' pairwise judgements, from which we generated a perceptual map using Multidimensional Scaling. We draw conclusions about which aspects of HMM synthesis are limiting the naturalness of the synthetic speech.
Detection of Human Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Examination of Urinary Metabolites

An increasing number of recessively inherited human diseases are being explained in terms of a missing or defective enzyme. The resulting aberration of metabolism is reflected, in many cases, in an altered composition of metabolites in the urine and other body fluids. Progress in this field is dependent on making the initial association between a familial disease and an aberration of body chemistry. The development of comprehensive analytic systems for the detection of abnormal quantities or kinds of metabolites in biologic fluids obtained from patients with inherited diseases should greatly facilitate this process. Biochemical characterization, at an enzyme level, then becomes possible and is essential for improved diagnosisand rational approaches to treatment of the disease.