Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of the HAS-BLED Bleeding Score in VKA- or DOAC-Treated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Several bleeding risk assessment models have been developed in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with oral anticoagulants, but the most appropriate tool for predicting bleeding remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Hypertension, Abnormal liver/renal function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly, Drugs/alcohol concomitantly (HAS-BLED) score compared with other risk scores in anticoagulated patients with AF. Methods: We comprehensively searched the PubMed and Embase databases until July 2021 to identify relevant pieces of literature. The predictive abilities of risk scores were fully assessed by the C-statistic, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) values, calibration data, and decision curve analyses. Results: A total of 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. The C-statistic of the HAS-BLED score for predicting major bleeding was 0.63 (0.61–0.65) in anticoagulated patients regardless of vitamin k antagonists [0.63 (0.61–0.65)] and direct oral anticoagulants [0.63 (0.59–0.67)]. The HAS-BLED had the similar C-statistic to the Hepatic or renal disease, Ethanol abuse, Malignancy, Older, Reduced platelet count or function, Re-bleeding risk, Hypertension (uncontrolled), Anemia, Genetic factors, Excessive fall risk, Stroke (HEMORR2HAGES), the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA), the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT), the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF), or the Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History (ABC) scores, but significantly higher C-statistic than the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, Stroke/transient ischemic attack history (CHADS2) or the Congestive heart failure/left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, Stroke/transient ischemic attack/thromboembolism history, Vascular disease, Age 65–74 years, Sex (female) (CHA2DS2-VASc) scores. NRI and IDI values suggested that the HAS-BLED score performed better than the CHADS2 or the CHA2DS2-VASc scores and had similar or superior predictive ability compared with the HEMORR2HAGES, the ATRIA, the ORBIT, or the GARFIELD-AF scores. Calibration and decision curve analyses of the HAS-BLED score compared with other scores required further assessment due to the limited evidence. Conclusion: The HAS-BLED score has moderate predictive abilities for bleeding risks in patients with AF regardless of type of oral anticoagulants. Current evidence support that the HAS-BLED score is at least non-inferior to the HEMORR2HAGES, the ATRIA, the ORBIT, the GARFIELD-AF, the CHADS2, the CHA2DS2-VASc, or the ABC scores.
A UWB filter with tunable notch using microstrip/slotline structure with T-slot stub

This paper presents design of wide-band bandpass filter with tunable notch response for wireless communication system. The transmission line model is composed of two sets of series open-ended and short-ended stubs that are connected through transmission line, then a short-circuited stub is added. Based on transmission line model, a T-slot stub with microstrip/slotline structure is used to design this filter. Notch frequency can tuned from 4 GHz to 9 GHz by varying the length of T-slot stub. The center frequency is fixed at 6.75 GHz and has absolute bandwidth 8.3 GHz. The band has more than 30 dB rejection in simulation.
SAR Image Multiclass Segmentation Using a Multiscale TMF Model in Wavelet Domain

The triplet Markov field (TMF) model recently proposed is suitable for dealing with nonstationary synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image segmentation. In this letter, we propose a multiscale TMF model in wavelet domain, named as the wavelet-domain TMF (WTMF) model. In the WTMF model, a multiscale causal WTMF energy function is constructed to capture the intra- and interscale dependences in random fields (X, U). Moreover, multiscale likelihoods of the WTMF model are derived based on a wavelet hidden Markov tree to capture the statistical properties of wavelet coefficients. The proposed model can integrate the global and local information in terms of spatial configuration and image features in a more complete manner. The coarser scale information is utilized to guide the finer scale segmentation, and the coarseto-fine causal interactions are considered using a Markov chain. Experimental results prove that the proposed model can segment SAR images better than several models previously proposed.
Can hospitalizations be avoided by having a regular source of care?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether Medicaid patients with a regular source of care (RSOC) are less likely to be hospitalized, either for all conditions or for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), than those without an RSOC. METHODS This population-based survey study examined Delaware Medicaid patients ages 0-64 over a 1-year period from September 1992 to August 1993 (n = 22,862). Patients who had made more than 50% of their physician office visits to the same provider group were considered to have an RSOC. The probability of hospitalization for all conditions and for ACSCs was compared for persons with and without an RSOC. RESULTS Eighty-one percent of Medicaid clients had an RSOC, 75% of whom were primary care physicians. Persons with an RSOC were not less likely than those without an RSOC to be hospitalized for any condition (15% versus 14.6%) or for ACSCs (3.4% versus 3.2%). The results were not substantially different for persons who used primary care physicians as their RSOC. CONCLUSIONS Having an RSOC is not associated with a lower likelihood of hospitalization for the Medicaid population, either for all conditions or for ACSCs. While providing access to care may have other positive benefits, simply providing Medicaid patients with an RSOC is unlikely to result in a short-term reduction in hospital admissions.
Susceptibilities of oxyR regulon mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium to isoniazid

Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are normally resistant to > 500 micrograms of the antituberculosis drug isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid; INH) per ml. Susceptibility to INH (< 50 micrograms/ml) has now been found for mutants that are deficient in OxyR, the oxidative stress response regulator. Two OxyR-regulated enzymes, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and hydroperoxidase I, were identified as playing important roles in INH resistance. OxyR regulon mutants should be useful for identifying other determinants of INH resistance in both E. coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and for finding new INH-like drugs.
Contribution of Lactobacillus iners to Vaginal Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review

Lactobacillus iners, first described in 1999, is a prevalent bacterial species of the vaginal microbiome. As L. iners does not easily grow on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe agar, but can grow anaerobically on blood agar, it has been initially overlooked by traditional culture methods. It was not until the wide application of molecular biology techniques that the function of L. iners in the vaginal microbiome was carefully explored. L. iners has the smallest genome among known Lactobacilli and it has many probiotic characteristics, but is partly different from other major vaginal Lactobacillus species, such as L. crispatus, in contributing to the maintenance of a healthy vaginal microbiome. It is not only commonly present in the healthy vagina but quite often recovered in high numbers in bacterial vaginosis (BV). Increasing evidence suggests that L. iners is a transitional species that colonizes after the vaginal environment is disturbed and offers overall less protection against vaginal dysbiosis and, subsequently, leads to BV, sexually transmitted infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Accordingly, under certain conditions, L. iners is a genuine vaginal symbiont, but it also seems to be an opportunistic pathogen. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact role of this intriguing species in vaginal health and diseases.
The Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 9, MyD88, and DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit in the Effects of Two Distinct CpG DNAs on Dendritic Cell Subsets1

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG DNAs) can function as powerful immune adjuvants by activating APC. Compared with conventional phosphorothioate-backbone CpG DNAs, another type of CpG DNAs, called an A or D type (A/D-type), possesses higher ability to induce IFN-α production. Conventional CpG DNAs can exert their activity through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling, which depends on a cytoplasmic adapter, MyD88. However, it remains unknown how A/D-type CpG DNAs exhibit their immunostimulatory function. In this study we have investigated murine dendritic cell (DC) responses to these two distinct CpG DNAs. Not only splenic, but also in vitro bone marrow-derived, DCs could produce larger amounts of IFN-α in response to A/D-type CpG DNAs compared with conventional CpG DNAs. This IFN-α production was mainly due to the B220+ DC subset. On the other hand, the B220− DC subset responded similarly to both CpG DNAs in terms of costimulatory molecule up-regulation and IL-12 induction. IFN-α, but not IL-12, induction was dependent on type I IFN. However, all activities of both CpG DNAs were abolished in TLR9- and MyD88-, but were retained in DNA-PKcs-deficient DCs. This study demonstrates that the TLR9-MyD88 signaling pathway is essential for all DC responses to both types of CpG DNAs.
Issues arising from the specification of an information acquisition and analysis toolkit for policy makers in governmental and legislative institutions

We describe the issues arising from the initial specification of a web-based toolkit that comprises different types of information retrieval and analysis tools. It is specifically intended for policy makers in governmental and legislative institutions, to help them research subjects of a policy in question, but the tool is general in its nature and could be applied to other domains. The major focus of this paper concerns issues arising from the initial requirements gathering for the toolkit, by consultation with its target user community. Sifting through a deluge of information available in the Internet and whether search results can be trusted are key important themes. There is also the challenge of "unknown unknowns" - relevant information exists that the policy maker simply does not know about, so there is no way of even beginning to search for it. The paper discusses how these challenges can be met.
Discussion About the Size of a Future Fusion Demonstration Reactor: The Impact of the Toroidal Magnetic Field

In parallel to ITER preparation, power plant conceptual studies have been carried out in Europe as a guideline for the main design parameters of a fusion demonstration reactor, the construction of which is scheduled to start twenty years hence. A key component of this fusion demonstration reactor is the superconducting magnetic system, which represents in ITER 30% of the investment cost. A high toroidal confinement field Bt, can help to moderate the major radius of the tokamak, and thereby the investment cost of the machine. Two versions of such a demonstration reactor, with different values of Bt will be compared in terms of volume, radial extension for the toroidal field magnet inner leg, central solenoid available flux swing and investment cost.
The versatile landscape of haematopoiesis: Are leukaemia stem cells as versatile?

Since the early 1980s, developing haematopoietic cells have been categorised into three well-defined compartments: multi-potent haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which are able to self-renew, followed by haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), which undergo decision-making and age as they divide rather than self-renew, and the final compartment of functional blood and immune cells. The classic model of haematopoiesis divides cells into two families, myeloid and lymphoid, and dictates a route to a particular cell fate. New discoveries question these long-held principles, including: (i) the identification of lineage-biased cells that self-renew; (ii) a strict myeloid/lymphoid dichotomy is refuted by the existence of progenitors with lymphoid potential and an incomplete set of myeloid potentials; (iii) there are multiple routes to some end cell types; and (iv) thymocyte progenitor cells that have progressed some way along this pathway retain clandestine myeloid options. In essence, the progeny of HSC are more versatile and the process of haematopoiesis is more flexible than previously thought. Here we examine this new way of viewing haematopoiesis and the impact of rewriting an account of haematopoiesis on our understanding of what goes awry in leukaemia.
Introduction to the Thematic Minireview Series on Radical S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Enzymes*

In the early days, radical enzyme reactions that use S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) coordinated to an Fe-S cluster, which Perry Frey described as a “poor man's coenzyme B12,” were believed to be relatively rare chemical curiosities. Today, bioinformatics analyses have revealed the wide prevalence and sheer numbers of radical SAM enzymes, conferring superfamily status. In this thematic minireview series, the JBC presents six articles on radical SAM enzymes that accomplish wide-ranging chemical transformations. We learn that despite the diversity of the reactions catalyzed, family members share some common structural and mechanistic themes. Still in its infancy, continued explorations promise to be fertile grounds for discoveries that will undoubtedly further broaden our understanding of the catalytic repertoire and deepen our understanding of the chemical strategies used by radical SAM enzymes.
Research on Economic Theory and Implementation Method of the Financial Inclusion in Rural Financial Market

The Internet technology revolution is profoundly affects every aspect of human society, such as people's production and life, habits, and even culture. At the same time, the development of the network economic activity also has a huge impact on the financial sector. And the internet finance has a large impact on traditional financial pattern both in the development idea and operation mode. B ased on the study of the present situation and development trend of the financial Inclusion in rural financial market domestic and foreign, the author analyzed the principles of economics, and based on the point, put forward the implementation method and the suggestion on the financial inclusion in rur al financial market.
Selective Laser Melting of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloy Powders: A Review

Magnesium-based materials are used primarily in developing lightweight structures owing to their lower density. Further, being biocompatible they offer potential for use as bioresorbable materials for degradable bone replacement implants. The design and manufacture of complex shaped components made of magnesium with good quality are in high demand in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical areas. Selective laser melting (SLM) is becoming a powerful additive manufacturing technology, enabling the manufacture of customized, complex metallic designs. This article reviews the recent progress in the SLM of magnesium based materials. Effects of SLM process parameters and powder properties on the processing and densification of the magnesium alloys are discussed in detail. The microstructure and metallurgical defects encountered in the SLM processed parts are described. Applications of SLM for potential biomedical applications in magnesium alloys are also addressed. Finally, the paper summarizes the findings from this review together with some proposed future challenges for advancing the knowledge in the SLM processing of magnesium alloy powders.
Associations between cigarette smoking, pipe/cigar smoking, and smoking cessation, and haemostatic and inflammatory markers for cardiovascular disease.

AIMS To examine the associations between cigarette smoking, pipe/cigar smoking, and years since quitting smoking, and inflammatory and haemostatic markers. METHODS AND RESULTS A study in 2920 men aged 60-79 with no history of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, or diabetes, and who were not on warfarin, from general practices in 24 British towns. After adjustment for other major cardiovascular risk factors, compared with never smokers, current cigarette smokers showed significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein (2.53 vs. 1.35 mg/L), white cell count (7.92 vs. 6.42 x 10(9)/L), and fibrinogen (3.51 vs. 3.13 g/L). They also showed higher levels of haematocrit, blood and plasma viscosity, tissue plasminogen activator antigen, and fibrin D-dimer, and lower levels of albumin. Primary pipe/cigar smokers showed levels similar to never smokers. Ex-cigarette smokers and secondary pipe/cigar smokers showed intermediate levels although secondary pipe/cigar smokers showed higher odds of having elevated white cell count and fibrinogen than ex-cigarette smokers. Most inflammatory and haemostatic levels improved within 5 years of smoking cessation but took over 20 years to revert to levels of never smokers. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that activation of inflammation and haemostasis may be potential mechanisms by which cigarette and pipe/cigar smoking increase cardiovascular risk.
Resources, Costs and Globalization

The goal of this study is to research the impact of resource based view in explaining the phenomenon of globalization. Globalization broadbased the demand and supply of valuable resources. The main contribution of resource based view - VRIN resources which are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and No Substitutes are rules that apply in a union of national markets, the global market. Globalization is more than the union of markets, it is also the union of social societies and soft power of national and corporate resources that merges to become global soft power that support competitive advantage all over the globe, globalization and innovation. In addition to financial, marketing, natural, knowledge resources, I follow Meyer and Estrin, (2009) in postulating that institutional resources exist that support innovation and growth. The microstructure of Institutions is normally described by rituals and transaction costs (Scott 1995). By invoking the power of resource based view, I develop a more robust microstructure for Institutional theory. In addition, I find that the costs of these resources give better intelligence and strategic accounting of resources (Kaplan, 1996) to top management.
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same? Examining Gender Equality in Prior Achievement and Entry into STEM College Majors over Time

This article investigates the empirical basis for often-repeated arguments that gender differences in entrance into STEM majors are largely explained by disparities in prior achievement. Analyses use data from three national cohorts of college matriculates across three decades to consider differences across several indicators of high school math and science achievement at the mean and also at the top of the test distribution. Analyses also examine the different comparative advantages men and women enjoy in math/science vs. English/reading. Regardless of how prior achievement is measured, very little of the strong and persistent gender gap in physical science and engineering majors over time is explained. Findings highlight the limitations of theories focusing on gender differences in skills and suggest directions for future research.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of a 2 , 4 , 6-Trichlorophenol Degradation Pathway in Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134

Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 can grow on several chlorinated aromatic pollutants, including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP). Although a 2,4,6-TCP degradation pathway in JMP134 has been proposed, the enzymes and genes responsible for 2,4,6-TCP degradation have not been characterized. In this study, we found that 2,4,6-TCP degradation by JMP134 was inducible by 2,4,6-TCP and subject to catabolic repression by glutamate. We detected 2,4,6-TCP-degrading activities in JMP134 cell extracts. Our partial purification and initial characterization of the enzyme indicated that a reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2)-utilizing monooxygenase converted 2,4,6-TCP to 6-chlorohydroxyquinol (6-CHQ). The finding directed us to PCR amplify a 3.2-kb fragment containing a gene cluster (tcpABC) from JMP134 by using primers designed from conserved regions of FADH2-utilizing monooxygenases and hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenases. Sequence analysis indicated that tcpA, tcpB, and tcpC encoded an FADH2-utilizing monooxygenase, a probable flavin reductase, and a 6-CHQ 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively. The three genes were individually inactivated in JMP134. The tcpA mutant failed to degrade 2,4,6-TCP, while both tcpB and tcpC mutants degraded 2,4,6-TCP to an oxidized product of 6-CHQ. Insertional inactivation of tcpB may have led to a polar effect on downstream tcpC, and this probably resulted in the accumulation of the oxidized form of 6-CHQ. For further characterization, TcpA was produced, purified, and shown to transform 2,4,6-TCP to 6-CHQ when FADH2 was supplied by an Escherichia coli flavin reductase. TcpC produced in E. coli oxidized 6-CHQ to 2-chloromaleylacetate. Thus, our data suggest that JMP134 transforms 2,4,6-TCP to 2-chloromaleylacetate by TcpA and TcpC. Sequence analysis suggests that tcpB may function as an FAD reductase, but experimental data did not support this hypothesis. The function of TcpB remains unknown.
The relationship between diabetes and tuberculosis in Saskatchewan: comparison of registered Indians and other Saskatchewan people.

BACKGROUND Saskatchewan Aboriginal people are experiencing epidemics of both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between diabetes and TB in Saskatchewan and to establish whether there is a difference in the degree of any association between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people. METHODS Utilizing Saskatchewan Health databases, TB incidence (cases identified from 1986-2001) was compared between four subpopulations identified from 1991-1995: Registered Indians (RI) with and without diabetes, and other Saskatchewan people (OSKP) with and without diabetes. RESULTS Diabetic women aged 20-59 years had higher average annual incidence rates of TB than non-diabetic women, but within-population rate ratios of TB in diabetic versus non-diabetic women were only significant in those aged 50-59 (2.7 [CI 1.28, 5.72] in RI and 3.9 [CI 1.58, 9.67] in OSKP). No other within-population diabetic subgroup had significantly higher rates of TB. The only male diabetic group that had a higher rate of TB were RI plus OSKP men aged 50-59 years. Overall, diabetes preceded TB in 87/111 individuals with both diseases (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that T2DM is a predictor for TB in Saskatchewan women aged 20-59 but particularly in RI and OSKP women aged 50-59 years. This has implications for TB screening and prevention initiatives.