Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and anticarcinogenic effects of diet-related apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa

There is now ample epidemiological evidence to show that the wide international variations in the incidence of both adenomatous polyps and colo-rectal cancer are linked to diet, but the mechanisms through which particular dietary constituents influence the onset of neoplasia are poorly understood. The crypt epithelial cells of the human gastrointestinal mucosa are amongst the most rapidly proliferating tissues in the body, and those of the colorectum are particularly vulnerable to neoplasia. Within the crypt, continuous division of basally localized stem cells gives rise to daughter cells that may divide once or twice again, before differentiating and migrating to the mucosal surface. The majority of nascent crypt epithelial cells differentiate, become senescent and are shed into the gut lumen, but a small proportion die by apoptosis soon after cell division. Various lines of evidence suggest that these pathways of programmed cell death provide a protective mechanism against induction of neoplasia by removing genetically damaged stem cells before they can divide further and give rise to precancerous lesions. There is evidence that the short-chain fatty acid butyrate and several different classes of food constituents, including some polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavonoids and glucosinolate breakdown products, can regulate the processes of cell proliferation and death in vitro, and in colorectal crypts in vivo. All three classes of food components suppress the emergence of aberrant crypt foci in animal models of carcinogenesis. The cellular mechanisms underlying these phenomena, and their possible significance for human health, are discussed.
Epidemiologic evidence for a potentiating effect of malnutrition on child mortality.

OBJECTIVES Despite broad agreement that severe malnutrition contributes to child mortality in developing countries and that malnutrition has a physiologically synergistic relationship with morbidity, evidence of an epidemiologic synergism has been lacking. Also, the literature provides conflicting evidence concerning the existence of elevated mortality among children with mild to moderate malnutrition. A review of published population-based studies of anthropometry-mortality relationships was undertaken to clarify these relationships. METHODS Six studies with the relevant data were reanalyzed to test for synergism and elevated mortality in mild to moderate malnutrition. RESULTS The results demonstrate that mortality increases exponentially with declining weight for age. This effect is consistent across studies and there is no apparent threshold effect on mortality. The primary difference across studies is in baseline levels of mortality, which determine the quantitative impact of malnutrition on mortality in a population. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that mild to moderate malnutrition is associated with elevated mortality and that there is an epidemiologic synergism between malnutrition and morbidity. This previously undemonstrated finding has significant implications for child survival policies and research.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO MARANHÃO

Introduction. The Basic Health Unit (UBS) is the place of excellence for the care of the disabled user, but we have found in the Basic Health Units (UBS) and in their surroundings the presence of architectural barriers, which prevent accessibility to health services. Goals. To analyze the characteristics of UBS regarding accessibility to disabled users in the municipality of Imperatriz-MA. Method. The present study deals with a descriptive, quantitative approach to assess the architectural conditions of accessibility in the Basic Health Units of the municipality of Imperatriz obtained in two moments: in the first evaluation of the PMAQ-AB (2012) and in the second moment through the evaluation In loco by the researcher in (2016). Variables related to the following dimensions were analyzed: external accessibility; Internal accessibility; Accessibility for hearing impaired patients, accessibility for patients with visual impairment and accessibility of the UBS environment. Aiming to evaluate the changes that occurred after the adhesion of the PMAQ-AB, three categories of Basic Health Units were constructed according to their participation in the PMAQ-AB. Absolute and relative frequencies were also calculated for the variables. Statistical analyzes were performed using Stata software, version 11.0 and Microsoft Excel (2010). Results: Of the 36 UBS, it was found that 16 (44,45%) operated in rented buildings. External Accessibility: of the 8 evaluated items, there were changes over the years between the UBS that adhered to the PMAQ-AB. It is noteworthy that all 36 UBS, regardless of the adherence to the PMAQ-AB, were modified (adequacy or inadequacy) in relation to the following variables: sidewalks, carpet; Non-slip floor; Regular floor; Flat floor; Ramp and handrail. It is worth mentioning the absence of the ramp access ramp in all the UBS evaluated in 2012, and the presence in only 3 in 2016. Internal Accessibility: presence of adapted bathrooms in 4 (5,6%) in 2012 and 6 (16,7%) in 2016. In 20 UBSs that participated in the 1st and / or 2nd cycles of PMAQ-AB, modifications were made, with wheelchair space inadequate in 5 (25%) UBS and 9 (45%) UBS had adequate Adapted drinking water in 2016. Of the total UBS assessed in both 2012 and 2016, only 7 (19,4%) had wheelchairs available. Accessibility for the hearing and visual impaired: only professionals for the host had improvements in the adequacy, 8 UBS were inadequate for visual signaling. Accessibility of the surroundings of the UBS: absence of semaphores with sound signal 36 (100%); Of pedestrian lanes and lowered guides 34 (94,4%); Of platforms or bus shelters 30 (83,3%); Of space for wheelchairs 3 (9,1%). Conclusion: There are inadequacies for accessibility to users with disabilities in the UBS of the municipality of Imperatriz. The PMAQ-AB was able to potentiate and induce improvements in the structure of the UBS, although in an incipient way, necessitating improvements in the infrastructure of both UBS and its surroundings.
Protective Effects of Dietary Carotenoids on Risk of Hip Fracture in Men: The Singapore Chinese Health Study

Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that carotenoids in vegetables and fruits may benefit bone health due to their antioxidant properties. The relationship between dietary total and specific carotenoids, as well as vegetables and fruits, and risk of hip fracture was examined among Chinese in Singapore. We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 men and women who were of ages 45 to 74 years between 1993 and 1998. At recruitment, subjects were interviewed on lifestyle factors and medical history. Usual diet was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. During a mean follow‐up of 9.9 years, we identified 1630 hip fracture incident cases. Among men, consumption of vegetables was associated with lower hip fracture risk. Similarly, dietary total carotenoids and specific carotenoids, α‐carotene, β‐carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were inversely associated with hip fracture risk. Compared to men in the lowest quartile of nutrient density, men in the highest quartile had statistically significant 26% to 39% risk reduction (all p for trend <0.05). When stratified by body mass index (BMI), the greatest protective effects of total vegetables and carotenoids were found in men with BMI <20 kg/m2 (p for trend ≤0.004). There was no association between dietary carotenoids or vegetables/fruits and hip fracture risk among women. This study suggests that adequate intake of vegetables may reduce risk of osteoporotic fractures among elderly men and that the antioxidant effects of carotenoids may counteract the mechanism of osteoporosis related to leanness. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Managing Reputation over MANETs

The use of small portables and mobile devices has made MANETs (mobile ad hoc networks) very popular. A MANET is a network composed by a group of mobile nodes without any fixed device or a central coordination. They work in an open net and their collaboration is the sole means to allow communications and the survival of the MANET itself. A critical issue is to assess the behaviour of the nodes that participate in the network, possibly identifying selfish conduct that can compromise the functioning of the system. This paper shows a method to evaluate the behaviour of all nodes by establishing a reputation value that represents the trustworthiness of each node. A protocol is presented to calculate the reputation of a node by locally observing the node from another one, and then tuning this intermediate value with additional observations from other participants. When the reputation value of a node is available, it is circulated and distributed uniformly over the network. This reputation protocol is viable. Each node can efficiently calculate the reputation values of its neighbours and then of all network nodes. A variety of simulations conducted using the network simulator NS-2 strongly support these claims.
Release of premotor activity after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of prefrontal cortex

Abstract In the present study we aimed to explore by means of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) the reciprocal influences between prefrontal cortex (PFC) and premotor cortex (PMC). Subjects were asked to observe on a computer monitor different pictures representing manipulations of different kind of tools. They had to produce a movement (go condition) or to keep the resting position (no-go condition) at the appearance of different cue signals represented by different colors shown alternatively on the hands manipulating the tools or on the picture background. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were collected at the offset of the visual stimuli before and after a 10 minute, 1 Hz rTMS train applied to the dorsolateral PFC (Experiment 1), to the PMC (Experiment 2) or to the primary motor cortex (Experiment 3). Following rTMS to the PFC, MEPs increased in the go condition when the cue for the go command was presented on the hand. In contrast, following rTMS to the PMC, in the same condition, MEPs were decreased. rTMS to the primary motor cortex did not produce any modulation. Results are discussed according to the presence of a visual-motor matching system in the PMC and to the role of the PFC in the attention-related processes. We hypothesize that the perceptual analysis for action selection within the PFC was modulated by rTMS and its temporary functional inactivation in turn influenced the premotor areas for motor programming.
O superbrotamento do guaranazeiro.

A ocorrencia de um superalongamento nos plantios de guarana no Estado do Amazonas tem preocupado os agricultores da regiao. Tentando identificr e solucionar o problema, a UEPAE de Manaus fez um isolamento utilizando materiais coletados de diferentes plantas e areas distintas. Em todos os isolamentos feitos obtiveram-se culturas do fungo que foi classificado como Fusarium decemcellulare Brick. De acordo com os resultados, e' um novo patotipo do fungo atacando o guaranazeiro, ate agora nao relatado como planta hospedeira. Como medida de controle, recomenda-se a erradicacao e a queima dos orgaos ou toda a planta atacada. Uma serie de ensaios com fungicidas esta sendo desenvolvida em laboratorio.
Balancing Time‐to‐Market and Quality in Embedded Systems

Finding a balance between the time‐to‐market and quality of a delivered product is a daunting task. The optimal release moment is not easily found. We propose to use historical project data to monitor the progress of running projects. From the data we inferred a formula providing a rough indication of the number of defects given the effort spent thus far (effort‐to‐defect formula). Furthermore, we provide a worst case bound to the allowed number of residual defects at the end of a project in order to achieve the required level of quality. For this purpose we slightly modified a well‐known reliability growth model by Bishop and Bloomfield. It turned out that the software in Philips’ MRI scanners has a defect rate of 1 per 1175 device‐years of observation. This coincides with the second highest safety integrity level (SIL3) as defined in the IEC 61508 standard. The highest level (SIL4) is only attainable by applying redundancy. Finally, we combine the effort‐to‐defect formula with the reliability growth model to monitor the progress of a project and to determine when the required level of quality will be reached. We show that a common fault distribution, the Rayleigh model, is not necessarily the best model for predicting the number of residual defects in the system. Using a well‐known data analysis approach called exploratory data analysis (EDA) we obtained an alternative model based on the Normal curve. We have evaluated the Rayleigh model and our model based on the Normal curve at Philips Healthcare MRI. The Normal curve predicts defects over time better than the Rayleigh model in the case of Philips Healthcare MRI. Furthermore, time series models (ARIMA) are also useful for accurately describing the defect trend, but are not suitable for long‐term predictions. Finally, cost estimation models (COCOMO) lack the predictive capabilities of models fitted on the data using EDA. Their capabilities are limited compared to a model derived from data which reflects the constitutional knowledge of the actual realization of systems within a specific company. However, they can still be used to advantage when there is limited or no data available to use as a basis for lifting from gut feel to order of magnitude. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 17
On the Advantages of Specific Airway Resistance

Summary: The specific airway resistance (SRaw) is a relatively precise parameter of bronchial quality and in normal children its relation with body length, although very significant (P < 0.001), is so poor that it can safely be disregarded (Fig. 4). Also the dispersion around the mean value remains stable at any body size (Fig. 4). Contrasting with the inverse relation between airway resistance (Raw) and lung volume, SRaw does not show any systematic variation with lung filling (Fig. 5). These data are consistent with the new formulas: SRaw = tg β; (PB – PH2O) and Raw = SRaw/TGV in which tg β; stands for the relation between the plethysmographic box volume and breathing flow fluctuations (Fig. 2); PB – PH2O represents the ambient pressure corrected for water vapor pressure at body temperature; TGV is the thoracic gas volume at mean expiratory level. In disease SRaw varies more rapidly and markedly with any alteration of the airways than does Raw (Fig. 6). Consequently, a normal value for SRaw would indicate that both Raw and TGV must be in a normal range.Speculation: For those who operate with a whole body plethysmograph the authors purpose to use specific airway resistance more frequently for the study of lung mechanics in children. It is a reliable parameter which can be measured very quickly and this should enhance knowledge about the mechanism of many lung diseases in pediatrics.
Embedded system of the iris segmentation module

Iris Recognition is one of the important biometric recognition systems that identify people based on their eyes and iris. Most modern systems are currently deployed on traditional sequential digital systems, such as a computer. However, modern advancements in reconfigurable hardware, most FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays) have provided an exciting opportunity to discover the parallel nature of modern image processing algorithms. So that, many authentication applications can be carried out by portable devices. In this paper, we implement the new version C of the iris segmentation [1], which is developed from the Osiris system, in a Cyclone II FPGA DE2_70 FPGA. In the first step, as a software application using Nios II, In the second step, as a hardware-software application using Quartus II and SOPc Builder to accelerate the time processing, after the use of Hardware accelerators. The results show that with a clock speed of 50MHZ from image of 640*480, the gain in the time execution is 768 ms, from the total time needed by the software solution running on the same embedded microprocessor in the architecture.
Quality of life of people living with HIV / AIDS : Effects of illness perception and coping strategies

This study aims to investigate the quality of life (QOL) predictors of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), from the perspective of Leventhal’s Self-Regulation Model, in which the influence of the illness perception on QOL is mediated by coping strategies. Ninety-five PLWHA answered to the instruments Brief IPQ, Brief Cope and WHOQOL-HIV BREF concerning, respectively, illness perception, coping strategies and QOL. The results indicate that illness perception has direct and indirect effects in QOL, mediated by coping strategies. The more HIV is perceived as threatening, the worse is the perception of QOL of PLWHA; however, the increased use of acceptance, distraction and instrumental support coping strategies and the less use of behavioral disengagement and positive reinterpretation could mitigate this negative effect.
Approximate counting via correlation decay in spin systems

We give the first deterministic fully polynomial-time approximation scheme (FPTAS) for computing the partition function of a two-state spin system on an arbitrary graph, when the parameters of the system satisfy the uniqueness condition on infinite regular trees. This condition is of physical significance and is believed to be the right boundary between approximable and inapproximable. The FPTAS is based on the correlation decay technique introduced by Bandyopadhyay and Gamarnik [1] and Weitz [61]. The classic correlation decay is defined with respect to graph distance. Although this definition has natural physical meanings, it does not directly support an FPTAS for systems on arbitrary graphs, because for graphs with unbounded degrees, the local computation that provides a desirable precision by correlation decay may take super-polynomial time. We introduce a notion of computationally efficient correlation decay, in which the correlation decay is measured in a refined metric instead of graph distance. We use a potential method to analyze the amortized behavior of this correlation decay and establish a correlation decay that guarantees an inverse-polynomial precision by polynomial-time local computation. This gives us an FPTAS for spin systems on arbitrary graphs. This new notion of correlation decay properly reflects the algorithmic aspect of the spin systems, and may be used for designing FPTAS for other counting problems.
From Tag to Concept

Semantic Web technologies help machines 'understand' and easily share more information on the Web. It provides promising approaches which enable us to categorize and annotate multimedia objects. Although Semantic Web comes with nice technologies and useful tools for structuring and annotating information, it can be difficult to the average user. Tags, on the other hand, are a simple form of annotation and are used easily to categorize objects. This research examines the possibility to combine tagging and existing ontologies in such a way that the simplicity of tagging is preserved and the expressiveness of ontologies is obtained. Mapping tags to concepts will allow us to exploit the semantics of ontologies. The main goal of this project is to find highquality relations between tags and concepts in Semantic Web ontologies. For this purpose the TagConceptualizer is designed. This framework extends tag information with concept or tag suggestions that are used by other applications. The TagConceptualizer is tested with the GTAA ontology as an information source. The results show that the designed framework produces good tag suggestions. This implies that high-quality relations between tags and concepts are made.
Case History Data on Unilaterally Hearing‐Impaired Children

This paper presents the data from medical and educational case histories on a group of 60 unilaterally hearing-impaired children. The case history data revealed that approximately one-half of the 60 children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss exhibited some difficulty in educational progress. More specifically, 35% had failed at least one grade and an additional 13% were in need of some special resource assistance. Similar findings were obtained on a subset of 25 unilaterally hearing-impaired children who satisfied rather stringent criteria for age, hearing level, intelligence, length of time the impairment was present, history of middle ear disease, and general growth and development.
Statistical characterization of the finger tapping test using an android mobile app

In this research, a system to objectively quantify the Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is presented. The main element of this system is the Finger-TApp application, developed in order to record the taps performed by the people evaluated for 10 seconds. The study was performed with 64 healthy participants, aged between 50 and 83 years, men and women. Initially they were analyzed in three age groups, but finding no greater differences between these groups, it was decided to analyze all of them in a single set. With the results of the amount of taps performed by each patient, the mean and standard deviation were calculated; based on these values, the Upper Standard Deviation (USD) and the Lower Standard Deviation (LSD) were calculated. Additionally, it was verified that the distribution of the amount of taps, in the range of ages of the evaluated participants, corresponds to a normal distribution. According to the results obtained, future work is proposed, including improvements in the system and evaluations of people with Parkinson's disease, in which case the results obtained in the current study will be taken as a normality reference.
Activity of Some Enzymes of Energy Metabolism in Striated Muscle of Obese Subjects with Respect to Body Composition

The effect of obesity on the activity of some enzymes of energy supplying metabolism was studied in male and female groups of different body weight, using tissue samples of m. quadriceps femoris obtained by a biopsy needle. Both obese males and females displayed a distinct tendency towards anaerobic metabolism (high lactate dehydrogenase activities). The assumption that cytoplasm has an increased capacity in the muscle of the obese for reduction syntheses is supported by the increased ratio of malate dehydrogenase to citrate synthase activities. Compared with controls, less activity of enzymes associated with fatty acid and glucose degradation (hexokinase, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, citrate synthase) was observed in obese males. In obese females the latter enzyme activities did not differ from those in the controls; however, lactate dehydrogenase and triosophosphate dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher. Significant inverse correlations between hexokinase and hydroxyacyl- CoA dehydrogenase activities, on the one hand, and indicators of body composition and body weight, on the other, were found in males. The female group did not display analogous significant relations between the enzymatic organization and indicators of body composition.