Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantifying and mapping species threat abatement opportunities to support national target setting

The successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global to national level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conservation targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomic groups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global and national data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa. The STAR metric uses data on species’ extinction risk, distributions, and threats, which we obtained from national red lists to quantify the contribution that threat abatement and habitat restoration activities could make to reducing species’ extinction risk. Across all 3 countries, the greatest opportunity for reducing plant species’ extinction risk was from abating threats from agricultural activities, which could reduce species’ extinction risk by 54% in Norway, 36% in South Africa, and 29% in Brazil. Species extinction risk could be reduced by a further 21% in South Africa by abating threats from invasive species and by 21% in Brazil by abating threats from urban expansion. Even with different approaches to red‐listing among countries, the STAR metric yielded informative results that identified where the greatest conservation gains could be made for species through threat‐abatement and restoration activities. Quantifiably linking local taxonomic coverage and data collection to global processes with STAR would allow national target setting to align with global targets and enable state and nonstate actors to measure and report on their potential contributions to species conservation.
A note on the Thom isomorphism

For many applications, it is improtant that a is given by the Thomification of an explicit map g: Q x -sa 2 x S2, where g(x, y) = (xy-1, y). For details, see [2]. Our purpose here is to note that Theorem 1 follows from a strong form of the Thom isomorphism theorem in generalized homology. Specifically, we assume given a stable spherical fibration ': X -> BF over a locally finite CW complex X, and a ring spectrum E orienting v; i.e. a Thom class U: T(v) E whose restriction to a fibre So c-> T(Q) is the unit of E. Then we have
Effectiveness of Educational Intervention Based on Transtheoretical Model on Physical Activity and Menopausal Symptoms

Introduction Menopause is an inevitable part of women's lives. Physical activity as nonhormonal therapy can decrease the symptoms of menopause. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of educational intervention based on the transtheoretical model (TTM) on physical activity and menopausal symptoms of female clients of the health center in Pasargad City, Iran. Methods This quasi-experimental study was performed on 140 females admitted to health center of Pasargad City, Fars Province, Iran (intervention = 70 and control = 70). The data collection tool consisted of demographic data, menopause rating scale, international physical activities questionnaire, and TTM questionnaire (stages of change, processes of change, decision-making balance, and self-efficacy) that were completed before and two months after intervention. For intervention group, the educational program was implemented during 5 sessions of 50–55 min. Data were analyzed by SPSS 25 and by using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results After intervention, the mean scores of physical symptoms are sleep problems, muscle problems and discomfort, psychological symptoms, depression, irritability, and anxiety of intervention group decreased significantly post intervention (p < 0.001). Analysis showed that psychological symptoms, mental fatigue, somatic, and urogenital symptoms, and vaginal dryness increased 2 months after the intervention. Also, the mean score of cons, pros, decision balance, self-efficacy, consciousness raising, dramatic relief, environmental reevaluation, and self-reevaluation have significant changed in intervention group (p < 0.05). In addition, the top percent of progress can be seen in contemplation (31. 5%). Conclusion This study showed the effectiveness of educational intervention based on TTM to reduce menopausal symptoms and promote physical activity in postmenopausal women.
Magneto-Thermo-Viscoelastic Medium Associated with Wiedemann-Franz Law

In this work, the governing equations of generalized magneto-thermo-viscoelasticity (MTVE) with one relaxation time and variable electrical and thermal conductivity for a one-dimensional problem are formulated into a matrix form using the state space and Laplace transform techniques. The resulting formulation is applied to a half-space medium subjected to ramp-type heating and zero-traction. The inversion of Laplace is carried out using a numerical approach. Numerical results for the dimensionless temperature, the stress, and the displacement distribution are given and illustrated graphically. According to the numerical results, some comparisons have been shown in figures to estimate the effect of some parameters on all variable fields, and discussion has been established.
Optimizing Light Flash Sequence Duration to Shift Human Circadian Phase

Simple Summary Information about light exposure patterns is integrated across time and space in retinal circuits before being passed to downstream hypothalamic targets, including the circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. In multiple mammalian species, these circuits can integrate brief flashes of light such that the effective impact on the circadian pacemaker is greater than that of continuous light of similar intensity. Using a series of 16-d studies combining outpatient behavioral manipulation and in-laboratory intensive physiologic monitoring, we examined the impact of different durations of light flash sequences on the timing of the human circadian pacemaker. We find that 15 min of light flashes engenders a similar effect on the timing of the human circadian pacemaker as light flashes given for 3.5 h. Our study indicates that the impact of a sequence of light flashes occurs within the first 15 min of exposure, and the retinohypothalamic circuit responsible for shifting the timing of the circadian pacemaker is refractory to further stimulation. These data are important for both the understanding of retinohypothalamic circuitry and the design of robust light interventions meant to change circadian timing during sleep, as would be used in the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Abstract Unlike light input for forming images, non-image-forming retinal pathways are optimized to convey information about the total light environment, integrating this information over time and space. In a variety of species, discontinuous light sequences (flashes) can be effective stimuli, notably impacting circadian entrainment. In this study, we examined the extent to which this temporal integration can occur. A group of healthy, young (n = 20) individuals took part in a series of 16-day protocols in which we examined the impact of different lengths of light flash sequences on circadian timing. We find a significant phase change of −0.70 h in response to flashes that did not differ by duration; a 15-min sequence could engender as much change in circadian timing as 3.5-h sequences. Acute suppression of melatonin was also observed during short (15-min) exposures, but not in exposures over one hour in length. Our data are consistent with the theory that responses to light flashes are mediated by the extrinsic, rod/cone pathway, and saturate the response of this pathway within 15 min. Further excitation leads to no greater change in circadian timing and an inability to acutely suppress melatonin, indicating that this pathway may be in a refractory state following this brief light stimulation.
A high‐resolution time–frequency representation for musical instrument signals

Analyzing musical signals to obtain the time‐varying magnitudes and frequencies of instruments’ partial frequency components is important for resynthesis, transcription, and instrument physics. Windowing techniques, including Fourier series extensions, short‐time Fourier transforms, and constant‐Q transforms, generate bias in time and frequency dictated by the uncertainty principle. This is significant to analysis requirements of such properties as attack, which involve changes over millisecond time ranges and require frequency accuracy on the order of cents. Alternatives such as the Wigner distribution avoid the uncertainty principle restriction and associated bias, but nonlinear cross products of magnitude and frequency computations are not smoothed as with windowing methods, increasing those sources of bias. All these techniques belong to Cohen’s class, a framework where this paper develops the modal distribution, exhibiting decreased total bias. Computation of the modal distribution and a constant‐Q v.
Local curve fitting based Lagrange multiplier selection for Id-slice in multi-view video coding

The rate and distortion of Id-slice do not fit the globally linear relationship on a logarithmic scale. Lagrange multiplier selection methods based on the globally linear approximate relationship are neither efficient nor optimal for multi-view video coding (MVC). To improve the coding efficiency of MVC, a local curve fitting based Lagrange multiplier selection method is proposed in this paper, where Lagrange multipliers are selected according to the local slopes of the approximate curves. Experimental results showed that the proposed method improves the coding efficiency. Up to 2.5 dB gain was achieved at low bitrates.
A Non-invasive Approach to Detection Blood Glucose Levels with Hand Skin Image Processing Using Smartphone

Measuring blood sugar levels today still use invasive techniques that are painful so non-invasive monitoring is needed. This study aims to develop a non-invasive technique to identify and detect blood glucose through hand-skin image processing. This development method is by taking invasive blood glucose hand images and 30 participants aged 20-60 years, data analysis is done by image preprocessing, determining the Gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) value, using the backpropagation algorithm to conduct training and data testing. to define a blood glucose monitoring model. The blood glucose detection model is implemented through the android operating system on smartphones by developing the GULAABLE application on smartphones which is simple and easy to use and without blood sampling. This GULAABLE application is to determine the condition of low or high blood glucose and can be used routinely at a low cost. Validating the results by identifying this non-invasive application compared with the results of invasive glucose measurements by applying to 10 participants, the identification results show an accuracy of 80%, so it can be concluded that the GULAABLE application method on smartphones can be used to monitor blood glucose conditions at any time by simply taking hand skin image.
Formation and propagation of Bessel beams: practical considerations

Bessel beams belong to a class of propagation invariant, structured laser beams, and are used in various applications, including particle micro-manipulation, optical coherence tomography, optical metrology, and high resolution microscopy. In practice, Bessel beams are produced by optical fields with finite lateral dimensions propagating through finite aperture optical components, such as axicons. However, field distortions and component misalignments influence the shape of the resulting beams. In this paper, we present the influence of the beam shape and ellipticity, beam forming optics imperfections, and component misalignments on the shape of the resulting Bessel beams along the direction of propagation. Our results demonstrate that even modest fabrication errors in the input field distribution or component formation can significantly increase undesirable axial intensity oscillations in the resulting Bessel beams. Misalignments between the axicon and incoming laser beam can additionally lead to a decrease in the maximum axial intensity of the propagating beam.
General shape distributions in a plane

In this paper we investigate the exact shape distribution for general Gaussian labelled point configurations in two dimensions. The shape density is written in a closed form, in terms of Kendall's or Bookstein's shape variables. The distribution simplifies considerably in certain cases, including the complex normal, isotropic, circular Markov and equal means cases. Various asymptotic properties of the distribution are investigated, including a large variation distribution and the normal approximation for small variations. The triangle case is considered in particular detail, and we compare the density with simulated densities for some examples. Finally, we consider inference problems, with an application in biology.
Pengaruh Kualitas Informasi, Kualitas Sistem Informasi, dan Perceived Usefulness terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Sistem Aplikasi Keuangan Tingkat Instansi Modul Penganggaran pada Satuan-Satuan Kerja Lingkup Pembayaran KPPN Madiun

Sistem Aplikasi Keuangan Tingkat Instansi (SAKTI) Modul Penganggaran has been applied to all working units of Kantor Pelayanan Perbendaharaan Negara Madiun (KPPN) working area since 2020. After two years of implementation, it is necessary to evaluate SAKTI Modul Penganggaran users’ satisfaction as one of the indicators of the success of SAKTI Modul Penganggaran. This study aims to determine the impact of information system quality, information quality, and perceived usefulness on SAKTI Modul Penganggaran users’ satisfaction in the KPPN Madiun working area. The approach used in this study is a quantitative method. The results showed that the information system quality, information quality, and perceived usefulness simultaneously or partially had a positive and significant impact on the SAKTI Modul Penganggaran users’ satisfaction.
Tensile strength and work hardening of ultrafine‐grained high‐purity copper

Sputter‐deposited high‐purity copper specimens with grain sizes from 8.4 to 0.056 μm were tested in tension to investigate the influence of grain size on yield strength for small grain sizes. The smallest grain size in the sputter‐deposited copper was a factor of 40 smaller than the smallest grain size previously available for yield‐strength–grain‐size studies of high‐purity copper. The 0.2% offset yield strengths varied from 73.4 MPa for the coarsest‐grained copper to 481 MPa for the finest‐grained copper. The hardening was related to grain‐ and twin‐boundary spacings. The yield strength obeyed the Hall‐Petch relation even for the finest grain size of 0.056 μm, giving σy=6.39+3.74(l)−1/2 MPa, where σy is the 0.2% offset yield strength and l is the mean intercept length (mm) between boundaries. The data agreed with the Ashby model, σ∼ (e/l)1/2, only at very low strains (e<0.001) for the specimens with very fine grain sizes (l⩽0.077 μm).
An extended White–Metzner viscoelastic fluid model based on an internal structural parameter

A phenomenological viscoelastic model of differential type is proposed along the lines of the White–Metzner modification where, though, the model constants are functions of the invariants of an internal tensorial structural parameter. This modification arises naturally in the context of the generalized Bracket formulation and leads to a model which does not lose its evolutionarity and satisfies the entropy production inequality. A power‐law dependence of the relaxation time on the trace of the tensorial internal parameter is shown to produce reasonable predictions, including a finite zero shear rate viscosity and nonsingular behavior in extension. A multiple mode version is used in fitting experimental data obtained for polymeric melts and its predictions are compared to those of the Phan‐Thien and Tanner model.
A frequency doubling electro-optic modulation system for Pockels effect measurements: Application in LiNbO3

A novel system is presented which is capable of measuring with high accuracy the linear (Pockels) electro-optic effect by means of a new dynamic (ac) method. This method is based on the observation of the photodetected output obtained from a Senarmont-type ellipsometric system with an ac (modulating) voltage being applied onto the electro-optic sample under test. This observation is made on a high sensitivity oscilloscope and allows us to determine accurately the null point of the system by locating the position of the analyzer that produces in the output a characteristic and abrupt doubling of the (modulation) frequency. By locating this frequency doubling position without and with electric field one can finally determine the corresponding electro-optic coefficients. Theoretical analysis and considerations of practical interest are presented in the article and show that the system in question can ensure reduced errors and increased sensitivity. Also, experimental evidence in support of the expected perfo.
1- m spectroscopy of normal OB stars

SUMMARY We have obtained spectra of 70 normal OB stars in the near-IR I (1-μm) band. The strongest features are those due to lines of the hydrogen Paschen series and neutral and ionized helium, which are, for the most part, in absorption. The information content in this spectral range is sufficient for only a rough classification of hot stars into `early O', `late O' and `B' types. Curiously, the leading He i triplet line, He i λ1. 0830 μm, is usually not detectable, although in a few stars it is in emission; its behaviour generally correlates with the leading helium singlet line, He i λ 2.058 μ m. These two features appear to be present in emission only in stars with extremes of mass loss or wind extension.
Irreversible thermodynamics of transport across interfaces

With spintronics applications in mind, we use irreversible thermodynamics to derive the rates of entropy produc- tion and heating near an interface when heat current, electric current, and spin current cross it. Associated with these cur- rents are apparent discontinuities in temperature (DT), electrochemical potential (De m), and spin-dependent "magnetoelectrochemical potential" (Dm";#). This work applies to magnetic semiconductors and insulators as well as metals, because of the inclusion of the chemical potential, m, which is usually neglected in works on interfacial thermodynamic transport. We also discuss the (nonobvious) distinction between entropy production and heat production. Heat current and electric current are conserved, but spin current is not, so it necessitates a somewhat different treatment. At low temperatures or for large differences in material properties, the surface heating rate dominates the bulk heating rate near the surface. We also consider the case where bulk spin currents occur in equilibrium. Although a surface spin current (in A/m 2 ) should yield about the same rate of heating as an equal surface electric current, production of such a spin current requires a relatively large "magnetization potential" difference across the interface.
Efficient Generation of Prime Ideals in Polynomial Rings up to Radical

We call an ideal I of a ring R radically perfect if among all ideals whose radical is equal to the radical of I, the one with the least number of generators has this number of generators equal to the height of I. Let R be a ring and R[X] be the polynomial ring over R. We prove that if R is a strong S-domain of finite Krull dimension and if each nonzero element of R is contained in finitely many maximal ideals of R, then each maximal ideal of R[X] of maximal height is the J max-radical of an ideal generated by two elements. We also show that if R is a Prüfer domain of finite Krull dimension with coprimely packed set of maximal ideals, then for each maximal ideal M of R, the prime ideal MR[X] of R[X] is radically perfect if and only if R is of dimension one and each maximal ideal of R is the radical of a principal ideal. We then prove that the above conditions on the Prüfer domain R also imply that a power of each finitely generated maximal ideal of R is principal. This result naturally raises the question whether the same conditions on R imply that the Picard group of R is torsion, and we prove this to be so when either R is an almost Dedekind domain or a Prüfer domain with an extra condition imposed on it.
On the melting process of solids

High temperature heat capacity data of the same solid reported by different authors can differ from each other by much more than can reasonably be attributed to the experimental errors, and seem to have a systematic origin. In this communication it will be shown that each individual data set can adequately be described by a “critical” power function of type ~(Tm-T)α plus an absolute constant (Tm=melting temperature). Commonly the critical power function holds for all heat capacity data of larger than atomistic Dulong-Petit (D-P) limit. Within the large critical range crossover phenomena between different power functions with different exponents α can additionally occur. For the asymptotic power functions (T→Tm) exponents near to the rational numbers of α=2/3, 1 and 1.5 are identified. For the non asymptotic power functions the identified exponents are α=0 (logarithmic divergence), 1/3, 1/2 and 2. Quite generally, a large validity range of the critical power function indicates that the heat capacity is not of atomistic origin but has to be attributed to a field of freely propagating bosons. This view is in analogy to the main issue of RG theory that the dynamics in the vicinity of the magnetic ordering transition is not due to exchange interactions between spins but due to a boson guiding field. The postulated bosons at melting transition are not specified as yet but they are evidently excitations of the continuous solid with energies of much larger than the atomistic excitations (phonons). The floating heat capacity near Tm can be explained by a mean free path of the bosons that is of the order of the linear dimension of the sample. The heat capacity of the field then depends on size, shape and surface quality of the sample. It therefore appears not possible to define an intrinsic behavior.
Shape contour recognition using moment invariants

The application of moment invariants to shape and pattern recognition problems is discussed. Zernike moment invariants and pseudo-Zernike moment invariants are derived in a new generalized form for the nth order. A new normalization procedure which improves the discrimination power of both Zernike and pseudo-Zernike moment invariants for handwritten numerals is also presented. <<ETX>>
Monitoring the Earth, Ocean, and Atmosphere with Hyperspectral Remote Sensors

The success of the NAST-I program enables us to understand the great benefits achieved with current and future hyperspectral remote sensors. Validated retrieval algorithms and results demonstrate the advancement of hyperspectral remote sensing capabilities in monitoring the Earth, ocean, and atmosphere. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060901104137