Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software time estimation model for requirements change based on software prototype profiles using an analogy estimation method

Requirements change in software development project often has an effect to software development time which may lead to increasing of total project cost. According to this problem, there should be an estimation method of software development time for requirements change in order to manage project timeline and cost. The software prototype method is always used to clarify the request change. Analyzing software prototype profile effect from the requirements change may help determine the time used for implementation. This paper proposes a software development time estimation model for requirements change based on prototype profiles analysis in order to define factors which may affect software development time. The proposed model was developed from an analogy estimation method by analyzing the historical data from the previous projects. The proposed model had the value of MMRE less than 0.25 and the value of PRED at 85.93%. This could be implied that the estimation quality of the proposed model is suitable to apply. The proposed model could be used for software development time estimate for requirements change that would help project manager to improve software project management.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Evaluating Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy in Patients with Chronic Hepatic Schistosomiasis Japonicum

Portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) is classified as type B hepatic encephalopathy. Portal-systemic shunting rather than liver dysfunction is the main cause of PSE in chronic hepatic schistosomiasis japonicum (HSJ) patients. Owing to lack of detectable evidence of intrinsic liver disease, chronic HSJ patients with PSE are frequently clinically undetected or misdiagnosed, especially chronic HSJ patients with covert PSE (subclinical encephalopathy). In this study, we investigated whether magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) could be a useful tool for diagnosing PSE in chronic HSJ patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) T1-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and MRS were performed in 41 chronic HSJ patients with suspected PSE and in 21 age-matched controls. The T1 signal intensity index (T1SI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value were obtained in the Globus pallidus. Liver function was also investigated via serum ammonia and liver function tests. Higher T1SI and ADC values, increased lactate and glutamine levels, and decreased myo-inositol were found in the bilateral Globus pallidus in chronic HSJ patients with PSE. No significantly abnormal serum ammonia or liver function tests were observed in chronic HSJ patients with PSE. On the basis of these findings, we propose a diagnostic procedure for PSE in chronic HSJ patients. This study reveals that MRS can be useful for diagnosing PSE in chronic HSJ patients.
Relationship Between Blood Lactate Response to Exercise and Endurance Performance in Competitive Female Master Cyclists

The blood lactate response to graded exercise and its relationship to performance in the field was examined in highly competitive female master cyclists. Thirteen women, age 47.5+/-2.2yr (mean+/-SE), all of whom were United States Cycling Federation (USCF) competitors, underwent laboratory testing for aerobic capacity (VO2max) and lactate threshold (LT), and field testing for performance in 13.5 km and 20 km time-trials. The mean VO2max of the subjects (50.6+/-2.7 ml x kg(-1) x min[-1]) was approximately 10% higher than that previously reported for other age-matched female athletes and correlated moderately (r=-0.67) with age. Maximal heart rate was unrelated to age (r=-0.25, p>0.05). Blood lactate concentration (BLC) while time-trialing was significantly higher than that at the LT (2.86+/-0.17 mmol x l[-1]) for both the 13.5 km (7.59 mmol x l(-1), p < 0.0001), and the 20 km trials (6.99 mmol x l(-1), p<0.002). The LT occurred at a mean power output of 168+/-11.3 W and 66% of VO2max. The VO2 corresponding to a BLC of 4.0 mmol x l(-1) (LT4) was 72% of VO2max. As expected, time-trial performance was highly correlated with VO2max (r=-0.85); however, regression analysis indicated that power output at the lactate threshold was the best laboratory predictor of performance (13.5 km: r2 = 0.83; 20 km: r2 = 0.78). Relative to maximal heart rate, heart rate at LT (88% HRmax) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than time-trial heart rate (92-94% HRmax). The cyclists in this study have higher aerobic capacities and maximal heart rates than those previously reported for other age-matched female athletes and are able to cycle for extended periods at blood lactate concentrations significantly higher than those at the lactate threshold. Traditional methods of exercise prescription, particularly when using age-estimates of maximal heart rate, underestimate training intensities required to be above the LT in female master cyclists.
Life‐Course Transitions and Desistance in Sex Offenders

This chapter examines life-course explanations of desistance and explores to what extent important life-course transitions are associated with reoffending rates in convicted sex offenders. It analyzes the effect of stable dynamic factors and focuses on the way marriage, divorce, and parenthood are associated with recidivism of registered sex offenders over a 25-year period. The chapter describes the sample of convicted sex offenders in terms of demographic and criminal history characteristics. It then examines general, special, and specific recidivism in this sample over the 25 year period. The chapter estimates event history models to assess the extent to which reconviction rates for different types of offenses are influenced by between individual characteristics and within individual differences in life course circumstances. Life-course research, however, indicates that institutions like school, work, and intimate relationships can act as important sources of informal social control that deter offenders from committing additional crimes.
Disc–jet coupling in black hole accretion systems – II. Force-free electrodynamical models

In Paper I, we showed that time-dependent general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) numerical models of accretion discs, although being highly turbulent, have surprisingly simple electromagnetic properties. In particular, the toroidal current density in the disc takes the form dI Φ /dr oc r -5/4 . Guided by this simplicity, we use a time-dependent general relativistic force-free electrodynamics (GRFFE) code to study an idealized problem in which the accretion disc is replaced by an infinitely thin rotating equatorial current sheet. We consider both an r -5/4 current profile and an r -1 profile, the latter corresponding to the paraboloidal model of Blandford and Znajek. The force-free magnetosphere we obtain with the r -5/4 current sheet matches remarkably well to the Poynting-dominated jet seen in GRMHD numerical models. By comparing to the non-rotating force-free model studied in Paper I, rotation is seen to lead to mild decollimation of the jet suggesting that hoop-stress forces nearly cancel centrifugal forces. In order to study the process that generates the corona and disc wind and destroys the ordered field in the corona in GRMHD numerical models, the force-free field with the r -5/4 current distribution is embedded in an accretion disc and followed in a GRMHD simulation. Field at high latitudes is continuously transported to larger radii leaving a corona with only disordered field, while in the equator the turbulent field is accreted. Reconnection and magnetic stresses contribute to a magnetized, thermal wind without the aid of an ordered field threading the disc.
Correction: Amniotic Membrane Modifies the Genetic Program Induced by TGFß, Stimulating Keratinocyte Proliferation and Migration in Chronic Wounds

1 Oncología Molecular y TGFß, Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain, 2 Unidad de Terapia Celular, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain, 3 Instituto Biodonostia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain, 4 Servicio de Cirugía, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
Genomic Insights into the Saccharomyces sensu stricto Complex

The Saccharomyces sensu stricto group encompasses species ranging from the industrially ubiquitous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to those that are confined to geographically limited environmental niches. The wealth of genomic data that are now available for the Saccharomyces genus is providing unprecedented insights into the genomic processes that can drive speciation and evolution, both in the natural environment and in response to human-driven selective forces during the historical “domestication” of these yeasts for baking, brewing, and winemaking.
In Over Our Heads. The Mental Demands of Modern Life

ROBERT KEGAN. In Over Our Heads. The Mental Demands of Modern Life. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994, 1995, 396 pp., $15.95 (pbv.), ISBN 0-674-44587-2. Those of us stimulated and even enchanted by Robert Kegan's 1982 book The Evolving Self (Harvard University Press) have been waiting for further elaboration as well as rectification of the intriguing constructive-developmental theory that the book espoused. Robert Kegan, senior lecturer at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and a nationally known educator, has now written a second book, In Over Our Heads, with exactly this purpose, addressing "the most familiar challenges (p. 7) to the theory, as well as expanding the stage theory which The Evolving Self had delineated from infancy to adolescence, further from adolescence through the adult life cycle. Constructive-developmental theory delineates a person's level of meaningmaking that is "the organizing principle we bring to our thinking and our feelings and our relating to others and to . parts of ourselves" (p. 29). Kegan views meaning-making as being constituted by particular kinds of subject-object relationships. "Subject" refers to elements we are "embedded in . and . cannot be responsible for" (p. 32), while "object" is outside of us "distinct enough from us that we can do something with it" (p. 32). Kegan has now come to call this development "the transformation of consciousness" and takes us step by step from Consciousness 2 to Consciousness 5. Consciousness 2 characterizes adolescents, embedded in their egocentric needs which must move from subject to object before Consciousness 3, signalling the mastery of civic responsibility, can be achieved. Yet, Consciousness 3, still embedded in Traditionalism, works best in a stable culture in which the community lays down clear standards and provides appropriate and highly visible universally accepted models, which is not the case in our current society. Modern life, which the author views as pervading our current climate in the name of Modernity, will be mastered more competently in Consciousness 4, in which relationships must move from subject to object, from being one's relationships to having them, being one's roles and rules to becoming more of one's own agent. The author addresses in chapter by chapter the major tasks of adulthood, such as Parenting (chapter 3), Partnering (chapter 4) Working (chapter 5) Healing through psychotherapy (chapter 7) continued Learning (chapter 8) to show how the demands of modern life frequently exceed "the capacities of the adult mind" (p. 5). He calls these demands the difficult curriculum of our Western culture and suggests by the title of the book that many of us tend to be "in over our heads," arrested in Consciousness 3 when Consciousness 4 is called for. …
Modification of a Rodent Hindlimb Model of Secondary Lymphedema: Surgical Radicality versus Radiotherapeutic Ablation

Secondary lymphedema is an intractable disease mainly caused by damage of the lymphatic system during surgery, yet studies are limited by the lack of suitable animal models. The purpose of this study was to create an improved model of secondary lymphedema in the hindlimbs of rodents with sustained effects and able to mimic human lymphedema. This was achieved by combining previously reported surgical methods and radiation to induce chronic lymphedema. Despite more radical surgical destruction of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels, surgery alone was not enough to sustain increased hindlimb volume. Radiotherapy was necessary to prolong these effects, with decreased lymphatic flow on lymphoscintigraphy, but hindlimb necrosis occurred after 4 weeks due to radiation toxicity. The applicability of this model for studies of therapeutic lymphangiogenesis was subsequently tested by injecting muscle-derived stem cells previously cocultured with the supernatant of human lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. There was a tendency for increased lymphatic flow which significantly increased lymphatic vessel formation after cell injection, but attenuation of hindlimb volume was not observed. These results suggest that further refinement of the rodent hindlimb model is needed by titration of adequate radiation dosage, while stem cell lymphangiogenesis seems to be a promising approach.
On Higher Ground: How Well Can Dynamic Body Acceleration Determine Speed in Variable Terrain?

Introduction Animal travel speed is an ecologically significant parameter, with implications for the study of energetics and animal behaviour. It is also necessary for the calculation of animal paths by dead-reckoning. Dead-reckoning uses heading and speed to calculate an animal’s path through its environment on a fine scale. It is often used in aquatic environments, where transmission telemetry is difficult. However, its adoption for tracking terrestrial animals is limited by our ability to measure speed accurately on a fine scale. Recently, tri-axial accelerometers have shown promise for estimating speed, but their accuracy appears affected by changes in substrate and surface gradients. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate four metrics of acceleration; Overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), vectorial dynamic body acceleration (VDBA), acceleration peak frequency and acceleration peak amplitude, as proxies for speed over hard, soft and inclined surfaces, using humans as a model species. Results A general linear model (GLM) showed a significant difference in the relationships between the metrics and speed depending on substrate or surface gradient. When the data from all surface types were considered together, VeDBA had the highest coefficient of determination. Conclusions All of the metrics showed some variation in their relationship with speed according to the surface type. This indicates that changes in the substrate or surface gradient during locomotion by animals would produce errors in speed estimates, and also in dead-reckoned tracks if they were calculated from speeds based entirely on a priori calibrations. However, we describe a method by which the relationship between acceleration metrics and speed can be corrected ad hoc, until tracks accord with periodic ground truthed positions, obtained via a secondary means (e.g. VHF or GPS telemetry). In this way, dead-reckoning provides a means to obtain fine scale movement data for terrestrial animals, without the need for additional data on substrate or gradient.
Language's Role in Behavior. (Book Reviews: Language and the Discovery of Reality. A developmental psychology of cognition)

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the language and the discovery of reality a developmental psychology of cognition book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books become so popular this day. Besides, the scientific books will also be the best reason to choose, especially for the students, teachers, doctors, businessman, and other professions who are fond of reading.
Class discovery in gene expression data

Recent studies (Alizadeh et al, [1]; Bittner et al,[5]; Golub et al, [11]) demonstrate the discovery of putative disease subtypes from gene expression data. The underlying computational problem is to partition the set of sample tissues into statistically meaningful classes. In this paper we present a novel approach to class discovery and develop automatic analysis methods. Our approach is based on statistically scoring candidate partitions according to the overabundance of genes that separate the different classes. Indeed, in biological datasets, an overabundance of genes separating known classes is typically observed. we measure overabundance against a stochastic null model. This allows for highlighting subtle, yet meaningful, partitions that are supported on a small subset of the genes. Using simulated annealing we explore the space of all possible partitions of the set of samples, seeking partitions with statistically significant overabundance of differentially expressed genes. We demonstrate the performance of our methods on synthetic data, where we recover planted partitions. Finally, we turn to tumor expression datasets, and show that we find several highly pronounced partitions.
Implementing the New Recommendations on the Clinical Management of Diarrhoea Guidelines for Policy Makers and Programme Managers

email: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. Implementing the new recommendations on the clinical management of diarrhoea : guidelines for policy makers and programme managers.
Antidiabetic Activities of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Are Mediated by Enhancement of Adipocyte Differentiation and Activation of the GLUT1 Promoter

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet is an Asian phytomedicine traditionally used to treat several disorders, including diabetes mellitus. However, molecular mechanisms supporting the antidiabetic effect of A. indicum L. remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether extract of A. indicum L. improves insulin sensitivity. First, we observed the antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of the entire plant (leaves, twigs and roots) of A. indicum L. on postprandial plasma glucose in diabetic rats. The subsequent experiments revealed that butanol fractions of the extract bind to PPARγ and activate 3T3-L1 differentiation. To measure glucose uptake enhanced by insulin-like activity, we used rat diaphragm incubated with various concentrations of the crude extract and found that the extract enhances glucose consumption in the incubated solution. Our data also indicate that the crude extract and the fractions (water and butanol) did not affect the activity of kinases involved in Akt and GSK-3β pathways; however, the reporter assay showed that the crude extract could activate glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) promoter activity. These results suggest that the extract from A. indicum L. may be beneficial for reducing insulin resistance through its potency in regulating adipocyte differentiation through PPARγ agonist activity, and increasing glucose utilization via GLUT1.
Progress in Desktop Robotics

This paper describes our recent progress in Desktop Robotics. It begins with a description of the application domain, and then describes progress in a few areas: a mobile manipulator called the mobipulator, fast prototyping work culminating in the Palm Pilot Robot Kit, and work on time-optimal paths for diff drive robots.
Structure determination of human and murine β‐defensins reveals structural conservation in the absence of significant sequence similarity

Defensins are cationic and cysteine‐rich peptides that play a crucial role in the host defense against microorganisms of many organisms by their capability to permeabilize bacterial membranes. The low sequence similarity among the members of the large mammalian β‐defensin family suggests that their antimicrobial activity is largely independent of their primary structure. To investigate to what extent these defensins share a similar fold, the structures of the two human β‐defensins, hBD‐1 and hBD‐2, as well as those of two novel murine defensins, termed mBD‐7 and mBD‐8, were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All four defensins investigated share a striking similarity on the level of secondary and tertiary structure including the lack of a distinct hydrophobic core, suggesting that the fold is mainly stabilized by the presence of three disulfide bonds. In addition to the overall shape of the molecules, the ratio of solvent‐exposed polar and hydrophobic side chains is also very similar among the four defensins investigated. It is significant that β‐defensins do not exhibit a common pattern of charged and hydrophobic residues on the protein surface and that the β‐defensin‐specific fold appears to accommodate a wide range of different amino acids at most sequence positions. In addition to the implications for the mode of biological defensin actions, these findings are of particular interest because β‐defensins have been suggested as lead compounds for the development of novel peptide antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases.
Maintenance Digoxin in Elderly Patients

Digitalis glycosides remain the cornerstone of treatment in cardiac failure. The increasing frequency of toxic effects is a cause for concern. Review of 80 elderly patients receiving digoxin on a maintenance basis, some of whom had toxic effects, shows that in almost three-quarters of the group digoxin was stopped without detriment. Elderly patients on maintenance treatment should be reviewed, and in the absence of a known primary cardiac lesion an attempt should be made to withdraw digoxin.
Retraction: Suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc mutant mice upon Musashi-1 deletion. J. Cell Sci. doi: 10.1242/jcs.197574

The journal is retracting ‘Suppression of intestinal tumorigenesis in Apc mutant mice upon Musashi-1 deletion’ by Andy R. Wolfe, Amanda Ernlund, William McGuinness, Carl Lehmann, Kaitlyn Carl, Nicole Balmaceda and Kristi L. Neufeld (2017). [J. Cell Sci. 130, 805-813][1] (doi: 10.1242/