Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supply, Demand, and Technology in a Multiproduct Industry: Texas Field Crops

Technology, supply, and demand relationships among six Texas field crops and three variable inputs are investigated using a dual approach. Evidence of nonjoint production is found for wheat but not for other crops. Cotton, sorghum, and corn are homothetically separable. No larger groups of outputs nor any input groups satisfy the sufficient dual conditions for consistent aggregation and two-stage choice. Production is homothetic in outputs, fertilizer, and hired labor. Product supply and input demand equations are estimated. Estimates are inconsistent with expectations of the competitive model. The normalized profit function Hessian is not positive definite, and parameter symmetry is rejected.
Improvement of insertion loss of band pass tunable filter using SAW resonators and GaAs diode variable capacitors

Tunable filters with a wide band tunable range are required for mobile phones with multi-bands and cognitive radio systems to simplify their circuits. Previously, the authors prototyped a band pass tunable filter, which continuously changes frequency from 1734 to 1844 MHz (6.1%) using surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators and Si diode variable capacitors (varicap). However, the insertion loss was large compared with calculated one because the Q factor of the Si diode varicap was as low as 1 at 1.8 GHz. In this study, the authors improved the insertion loss of the tunable filter using GaAs varicaps. Compared with the Si varicap, the GaAs varicap has a higher Q factor of about 41 at 1.8 GHz. The authors fabricated a tunable filter composed of two SAW resonators and the GaAs varicaps instead of the Si varicaps on a printed circuit board (PCB). As a result, the insertion loss was drastically improved by 12 dB at the maximum, and the frequency characteristic approached the calculated one. The tunable range was also improved from 6.1% to 6.8%.
Anthelmintic treatment of dairy cows and its effect on milk production

The results of more than 80 experiments on gastrointestinal parasitism and the impact of anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy cattle were reviewed. Abattoir surveys of culled dairy cows, faecal egg counts in milking cows, and serological tests and worm counts in cull cows in milk production studies were collated to assess the level of parasitism in dairy herds. The studies were divided into four general categories: induced infections in previously uninfected cattle; naturally infected cattle treated in mid-lactation; naturally infected cattle treated one to three times during the dry period and/or just before or just after parturition; and naturally infected cattle treated repeatedly from early lactation or given strategic treatments throughout the year. In most studies, the milk production of anthelmintic-treated cattle was compared with that of untreated controls. The anthelmintics investigated included members of the organophosphate, benzimidazole, imidazothiazole and macrocyclic lactone groups. The number of experiments in which the medicated (or uninfected) group had a higher milk yield was compared with the number of experiments in which the control (or infected) group had a higher yield. Overall, the studies demonstrated that grazing dairy cattle are likely to be infected with gastrointestinal nematode parasites, usually Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia species. These infections may be present as inhibited larvae, and a periparturient or spring rise is associated with their emergence. There is, at present, no reliable means of determining whether a cow or a herd may be parasitised subclinically at a level sufficient to interfere with milk production. In 70 of 87 experiments (80 per cent) there was an increase in milk production (P<0.001) after anthelmintic treatment, with a median increase of 0.63 kg/day. In each of the four trial categories, a majority of the studies showed that anthelmintic treatment increased milk production. The yield of milk fat by the medicated cows was greater than by the controls in 26 of the 35 experiments in which that variable was studied (P<0.01).
A Model of the Causes of Management Turnover in Hotels

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a comprehensive model of the causes of management turnover in cases where there is a breakdown in the employee-employer relationship. To accomplish this, the research employed three methodological tools not commonly used in hospitality research: triangulation, content analysis of qualitative data, and the use of structured phone interviews as a substitute for a survey. The use of these techniques proved to be invaluable in analyzing the problem. Data were collected through three studies: a qualitative study of industry experts, a survey of 206 hotel general managers, and interviews with 90 hotel managers who had left a position in the previous year. The results strongly support the completeness of the model and give some indications of the relative importance of the various causes.
Investigating WS-PGRADE workflows for Cloud-based distributed simulation

Cloud computing enables access to computing infrastructure as a utility without the associated high cost. The impact of Cloud computing on simulation software is just beginning with some simulation vendors using Cloud “solutions” in a similar manner to Web-based Simulation systems. CloudSME Simulation Platform that supports simulation software to be deployed as service is supported by a cloud platform. Distributed simulation has the simple goal of interoperating models together over a network to either (a) build larger models and/or (b) share the processing of a large model. Distributed simulation uses technology typically based on the IEEE 1516-2010 High Level Architecture. Cloud computing allows for the elastic provision of multiple processing nodes, as specified by the simulation end user, based on factors that include the number of simulation runs required, the time available for experiments, and the costs of processing. In this study, we presents a framework for cloud-based distributed simulation.
Rational or irrational expectations? Evidence from China's stock market

Purpose - The paper aims to test the rational-expectations hypothesis using data from the Chinese stock market. Design/methodology/approach - The rational-expectations hypothesis plays a critical role in economic and financial studies. However, it is unclear whether this hypothesis is consistent with real-world decision making since existing empirical results are mixed. This paper tests the hypothesis directly using survey data from China's stock market by developing a technique to analyze discrete or limited independent-variable models. Findings - The paper shows that in China's stock market survey forecasts are overly optimistic, especially with positive information, and can be improved slightly using past information. Originality/value - The paper develops a technique to analyze the discrete or limited independent-variable model. Testing with Chinese stock market data provides some insights into the characteristics of emerging markets.
Brain protein phosphatase 2A: Developmental regulation and distinct cellular and subcellular localization by B subunits

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric enzyme consisting of a catalytic subunit (C), a structural subunit (A), and a variable regulatory subunit (B). We have investigated the spatial and temporal expression patterns of three members of the B subunit family, Bα, Bβ, and Bγ, both at the message level by using ribonuclease protection analysis and at the protein level by using specific antibodies. Although A, Bα, and C protein are expressed in many tissues, Bβ and Bγ were detectable only in brain. Bα, Bβ, and Bγ are components of the brain PP2A heterotrimer, because they copurified with A and C subunits on immobilized microcystin. Whereas Bα and Bβ are mainly cytosolic, Bγ is enriched in the cytoskeletal fraction. In contrast to A, C, and Bα, which are expressed at constant levels, Bβ and Bγ RNA and protein are developmentally regulated, with Bβ levels decreasing and Bγ levels increasing sharply after birth. RNA and immunoblot analyses of subdissected brain regions as well as immunohistochemistry demonstrated that B subunits are expressed in distinct but overlapping neuronal populations and cellular domains. These data indicate that B subunits confer tissue and cell specificity, subcellular localization, and developmental regulation to the PP2A holoenzyme. The Bα‐containing heterotrimer may be important in general neuronal functions that involve its partially nuclear localization. Holoenzymes containing Bβ likely function in early brain development as well as in somata and processes of subsets of mature neurons. Bγ may target PP2A to cytoskeletal substrates that are important in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal connections. J. Comp. Neurol. 392:515–527, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transformation of the Czech Automotive Components Industry Through Foreign Direct Investment

This paper traces the profound restructuring of the Czech automotive components industry during the 1990s and early 2000s through foreign direct investment (FDI), and the integration of Czech-based suppliers into European and global automotive supplier networks. The magnitude of change is highlighted by an initial characterization of the Czechoslovak state socialist automotive components industry prior to restructuring. The paper then focuses on the effects of price and trade liberalization and survival strategies employed by component suppliers during the early 1990s. It subsequently illustrates the effects of Volkswagen's investment in Škoda (a Czech passenger car maker) on Škoda's supplier network and the strategies employed by VW-Škoda to rapidly improve the quality of supplied components while keeping their prices low. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D20, F21, L62. 5 figures, 4 tables, 65 references.
Joint analysis of teletraffic and quality of service variables in UMTS networks

This work presents a characterization of several random variables related to cellular mobile telephony in a network that uses dynamic channel allocation (DCA). These variables are characterized by means of their statistical distributions. A simulation tool has been developed in order to achieve this characterization. The simulator implements the performance of a UMTS network (as an example of a DCA network), taking into account issues such as power management and call access control. The simulator provides data about channel holding time, time between two consecutive handoffs (handoff traffic characterization) and handoff duration, along with quality of service information about the simulated environment. Numerical results are analyzed and conclusions drawn.
Methods For Measuring Aggregate Costs Of Conflict

This paper reviews the methods for measuring the economic cost of conflict. Estimating the economic costs of conflict requires a counterfactual calculation, which makes this a very difficult task. Social researchers have resorted to different estimation methods depending on the particular effect in question. The method used in each case depends on the units being analyzed (firms, sectors, regions or countries), the outcome variable under study (aggregate output, market valuation of firms, market shares, etc.) and data availability (a single cross-section, time series or panel data). This paper reviews existing methods used in the literature to assess the economic impact of conflict: cost accounting, cross-section methods, time series methods, panel data methods, gravity models, event studies, natural experiments and comparative case studies. The paper ends with a discussion of cost estimates and directions for further research.
'Feel the Pull in your Soul': Local Agency and Global Trends in South Africa's 2006 World Cup Bid

This article analyses South Africa's unsuccessful bid to host the 2006 FIFA World Cup. A discussion of the bid's leading organizers, corporate sponsors, and marketing tactics provides the basis for a critical examination of the policy and philosophy behind the bid campaign. In doing so, the author critiques the World Cup's projected costs and benefits and assesses the tournament's impact on the distribution of wealth in post-apartheid South Africa. This local case study sheds light on football's economic and political centrality in contemporary African societies and identifies South Africa's unusual place in football's world marketplace.
Spoils of the Bank War: Political Bias in the Selection of Pet Banks

DESPITE the attention historians lavish on the Bank War of the I830's, pet banking remains almost untouched. ' Once the deposits left Nicholas Biddle's hands in I833, there is a partial gap extending to Martin Van Buren's subtreasury proposal of four years later. In surveys of American banking and finance pet banks receive brief mention, with material sometimes lifted bodily from previous efforts. Even monographs on state banking before the National Banking Act of I863 neglect details concerning the deposit or pet banks, and some studies do not broach the issue either as finance or politics.
Erythropoietin Gene Expression in Human, Monkey and Murine Brain

The haematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin is the primary regulator of mammalian erythropoiesis and is produced by the kidney and the liver in an oxygen‐dependent manner. We and others have recently demonstrated erythropoietin gene expression in the rodent brain. In this work, we show that cerebral erythropoietin gene expression is not restricted to rodents but occurs also in the primate brain. Erythropoietin mRNA was detected in biopsies from the human hippocampus, amygdala and temporal cortex and in various brain areas of the monkey Macaca mulatta. Exposure to a low level of oxygen led to elevated erythropoietin mRNA levels in the monkey brain, as did anaemia in the mouse brain. In addition, erythropoietin receptor mRNA was detected in all brain biopsies tested from man, monkey and mouse. Analysis of primary cerebral cells isolated from newborn mice revealed that astrocytes, but not microglia cells, expressed erythropoietin. When incubated at 1% oxygen, astrocytes showed >l OO‐fold time‐dependent erythropoietin mRNA accumulation, as measured with the quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The specificity of hypoxic gene induction in these cells was confirmed by quantitative Northern blot analysis showing hypoxic up‐regulation of mRNA encoding the vascular endothelial growth factor, but not of other genes. These findings demonstrate that erythropoietin and its receptor are expressed in the brain of primates as they are in rodents, and that, at least in mice, primary astrocytes are a source of cerebral erythropoietin expression which can be up‐regulated by reduced oxygenation.
WHOSE "SHARED HUMANITY"?: THE TRIBAL LAW AND ORDER ACT (2010), BARACK OBAMA, AND THE POLITICS OF MULTICULTURALISM IN SETTLER COLONIAL STATES

This thesis advances a critical understanding of the ways in which neoliberal multiculturalism works to naturalize settler colonialism in the United States through the queer, feminist, and decolonial use of visual, historical, and legal analysis. The Tribal Law and Order Act (TLOA) of 2010, as well as the White House signing ceremony for the TLOA serve as the main sites for this analysis. The central argument of the thesis is that multiculturalism in the United States facilitates the ongoing naturalization of settler prerogatives and that Barack Obama, through his deployment of affect and analogy, is especially effective at normalizing multicultural settler domination of colonized lands and peoples. Subtending this argument are arguments about how settler colonialism is maintained through the use of sexual violence against Indigenous people and through heteronormativity, which must be continuously-enforced. The thesis, therefore, interrogates the effects of the settler state’s gestures toward Indigenous women and sexual violence in the TLOA and the TLOA signing ceremony. The bulk of the evidence for the thesis comes from secondary historical sources, the genealogy of laws that constitutes Federal Indian Policy in the United States, and original legal analysis of the TLOA and the TLOA Congressional Hearings, as well as original visual and discourse analyses of the TLOA signing
Probabilistic depth map fusion for real-time multi-view stereo

In this paper we propose a probabilistic method for fusing depth maps in real time for wide-baseline situation. We treat the depth map fusion as a problem of probability density function (pdf) estimation. The original point cloud, instead of the reprojected depth map, is used to estimate the pdf, and a mathematical expectation computation method is proposed to reduce the complexity of the method. Experimental results show that the proposed method can get the fused depth map in real time, and is very promising for fusing depth maps from multiple depth cameras with sparsely distributed viewpoints.
The Effect of Serum Albumin at the Start of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment on Patient Survival

Objective To analyze the effect of serum albumin using immunoturbidimetry, demographic, biochemical, and kinetic factors on survival of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Design A review of prospectively collected data in a 2-year follow-up study of peritoneal transport kinetics. Setting University medical center. Participants Sixty-one patients, evaluated within 3 months after the start of CAPD. Main Outcome Measures Covariables used in the survival analysis were plasma urea, and creatinine, albumin, hemoglobin, mass transfer area coefficient of creatinine, peritoneal albumin clearance, 4-hour peritoneal albumin loss, net ultrafiltration, age, blood pressure, body mass index, difference between actual and ideal body weight, and presence or absence of systemicdisease. Results Overall survival was 64% at 2 years. Median serum albumin was 30.9 g/L, range 18.1 -43.9 g/L. Patients with a serum albumin below the median had a lower survival rate than those higher than the median (2-year survival 49% vs 79%, p = 0.01). Using the Cox model, survival was related to systemic disease (p = 0.004), age (p = 0.02), hemoglobin (p = 0.03), and serum albumin (p = 0.1). Conclusions The results confirm the strength of serum albumin as predictor of survival. However, in this study serum albumin merely reflected the presence of a systemic disease, which was the most important risk factor for patient survival.
The Creation of a Swedish Heritage Destination: An Insider's View of Entrepreneurial Marketing

This case study describes how a heritage destination was created in 1998 through entrepreneurial marketing by Anja Praesto, a marketing staff person at the Västergötland Museum. She initiated the destination named “In Arn's Footsteps” (I Arns Fotspår). Her insider's account is used as a data collection device to illustrate the development of this destination in the Västra Götaland region in Sweden based on the fictitious story of the knight Arn in the 12th century from the best‐selling novels by Jan Guillou. The success in mobilizing local opinion and the general public around locations where historical events occurred made it possible to create a stable, expanding heritage destination in collaboration with private parties, the church and various authorities.
The hidden face of the euro

Europe's economic and monetary union is often depicted as a market-conforming institutional order. The creation of an inflation-fighting independent European Central Bank and the obligation of member governments to maintain fiscal discipline are widely cited as evidence of the European desire to maintain stability and thus placate financial markets. But the euro also has a more hidden face, which is much less liberal and more decidedly managerial. The single currency is itself the boldest expression of a nascent federal power at the European level. It represents a far-reaching delegation of competence from the member states to the institutions of the European Union. It has also enabled member states not only to create a framework for multilateral fiscal discipline – the Stability and Growth Pact – but also to collectively regain some clout vis-à-vis market actors. The question for the future is whether EU and national policy-makers will be able and willing to pursue collective priorities beyond monetary stability and the rules of the Stability Pact.
Residential Mobility, Housing Equity and the Labour Market

U.K. commentators have noted that the U.K. housing market may hinder labor market flexibility. The present paper uses U.K. household longitudinal data (BHPS) for the early 1990s and estimates single and competing risk discrete time duration models of residence duration to investigate the impact of negative housing equity on residential moves. Strong evidence for an adverse impact on mobility is found, along with results to suggest that the home-owners do not move in response to changing labor market conditions. Negative equity in the early 1990s therefore exacerbated housing market related rigidities in the job-matching process.
The impact of competition on bank performance in Bangladesh: an empirical study

This paper attempts to assess bank performance, competition and their relationship empirically by using banking sector data (1983-2011) and individual bank data (2001-2011) from Bangladesh. Return on assets and data envelopment analysis grounded bank efficiency are used as bank performance measures, whereas eight structural measures are employed for assessing competition followed by the adoption of regression analysis for identifying its impact. The findings report an improvement of bank performance with a few fluctuations in between the sample periods under study. On the other hand, the level of competition has been consistently increasing in the banking sector, as pointed out by all structural measures. The regression result shows evidence of a negative relationship between competition and bank performance. It is required to revisit the structural changes of the banking sector. In particular, the regulatory authorities need to ensure necessary incentives for banks, particularly for private banks, to improve their performance in terms of profitability and efficiency.
Planning, Urban Revitalization, and the Inner City: An Exploration of Structural Racism

The almost inextricable weaving together of the issues of race and inner-city revitalization presents a complex and seemingly intractable problem for urban and regional planners, scholars, policymakers, activists, and citizens. This article presents an overview of the dilemma from a city and regional planning perspective. It begins with a brief summary of basic planning theory, followed by a more detailed description of specific theories of revitalization, as well as a discussion of four of the most important forces of structural racism that confront inner cities. The article closes with a discussion of those approaches that have shown some promise and with suggestions for potential new approaches that will promote successful inner-city revitalization and reduce the isolation and deprivation of racial minorities inhabiting America’s cities.