Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hyper Extremely Red Object in the Field near 53W002

Hyper extremely red objects (HEROs) are objects that are very red in near-IR colors (J-K ≳ 3). They are speculated to be intrinsically red galaxies at z ≳ 2 or Lyman break galaxies at z > 10. We report the discovery of a HERO in the field that includes a known radio galaxy, 53W002, and a possible cluster of galaxies both at z = 2.39. The HERO, which we name HERO J171411.91+501541.8, or 53W002-HERO1 for brevity, is visible in the Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer H-band data and deep K′-band data from the Subaru Telescope (K′ ≃ 21.5 mag) but not visible in B-, V-, I-, and J-band images (J-K > 4.45, 2 σ). Its spectral energy distribution is consistent with that of a dusty star-forming or old galaxy at z ≃ 2.4, which may suggest that 53W002-HERO1 is a member of the group of galaxies associated with 53W002. Alternatively, the HERO could be at z ≃ 12.5, if its red color is due to the redshifted Lyman break. If 53W002-HERO1 is an old galaxy at z ~ 2.4, the implied stellar age is ~2-3 Gyr, meaning that stars in the HERO formed at the reionization epoch of z ≳ 10.
1.65 m (H-band) surface photometry of galaxies. VII: dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. ⋆

We present near-infrared H-band (1.65µm) observations and surface brightness profile decompositions for 75 faint (13.5 . mp . 18.5) galaxies, primarily taken among dwarf Ellipticals members of the Virgo cluster, with some Centaurus Cluster members, a BCD and two peculiar galaxies taken as fillers. We model their surface brightness profiles with a de Vaucouleurs (D), exponential (E), mixed (bulge+disk or M) or truncated (T) law, and we derive for each galaxy the H band effective surface brightness (µe) and effective radius (re), the asymptotic total magnitude HT and the light concentration index C31, defined as the ratio between the radii that enclose 75% and 25% of the total light HT. For a subsample we compare the NIR surface photometry with similar data taken in the B and V bands, and we give the B-H and B-V color profiles. Combining the present data with those previously obtained by our group (1157 objects) we analyze the NIR properties of a nearly complete sample, representative of galaxies of all morphological types, spanning 4 decades in luminosity. We confirm our earlier claim that the presence of cusps and extended haloes in the light profiles (C31 > 5) is a strong, non-linear function of the total luminosity. We also find that: i) among dEs and dS0s galaxies D profiles are absent; 50% of the decompositions are of type M, the remaining being of type E or T. ii) Less than 50% of the giant elliptical galaxies have pure D profiles, the majority being represented by M profiles. iii) Most giant galaxies (from elliptical to Sb) have M profiles. iv) Most of late type spirals (Scd to BCD) have either E or T profiles. v) The type of decomposition is a strong function of the total H band luminosity, independent of the Hubble classification: the fraction of type E decompositions decreases with increasing luminosity, while those of type M increase with luminosity. Pure D profiles are absent in the low luminosity range LH < 10 10 L⊙ and become dominant above 10 11 L⊙ , while T profiles are present only among low luminosity galaxies. vi) We find that dE-peculiar galaxies have structural parameters indistinguishable from those of late-type dwarfs, thus they might represent the missing link between dEs and dIs.
Association between number of hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions and neurocognitive outcomes of acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Background Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) is recommended for symptomatic patients within 24 h of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Currently, there is no consensus on the number of HBO2 sessions within 24 h after arrival at the hospital. Therefore, we evaluated differences in the therapeutic effects according to the number of HBO2 sessions in acute CO poisoning. Methods This cohort study included data collected from our CO poisoning registry and prospective cohorts between January 2006 and August 2021 in a single academic medical center in South Korea. Based on the number of HBO2 sessions performed within 24 h, we classified patients into one- and multiple- (two or three) session groups. We also compared mild (non-invasive mechanical ventilation) and severe (invasive mechanical ventilation) groups. CO-related neurocognitive outcomes were measured using the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS; stages: 1–7) combined with neurological impairment at 1 month after poisoning. We classified GDS stages as favorable (1–3 stages) and poor (4–7 stages) neurocognitive outcomes. Patients belonging to a favorable group based on GDS assessment, but with observable neurological impairment, were assigned to the poor outcome group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for age, sex, and related variables to identify statistical differences between groups. Results We analyzed the data of 537 patients between ages 16 and 70 years treated with HBO2. After PSM, there was no significant difference in neurocognitive outcomes at 1 month among the two groups of patients (p = 0.869). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in neurocognitive outcomes between invasive mechanical ventilation and non-invasive mechanical ventilation patients in the three groups (p = 0.389 and p = 0.295). Conclusion There were no significant differences in the reduction of poor neurocognitive outcomes according to the number of HBO2 sessions implemented within 24 h of CO exposure.
Design of 98.8% Efficient 400-to-48-V $LLC$ Converter With Optimized Matrix Transformer and Matrix Inductor

In recent years, there has been a considerable upswing in power usage by data centers. As a result, the 48-V power architecture has become increasingly favored due to its high efficiency. However, the cost of efficient power supplies remains challenging due to their complicated magnetic designs. The search for efficient and cost-effective power supplies continues. This article focuses on the implementation of the dc–dc stage of the power supply unit for the 48-V data center bus architecture. In this article, we present a design process for a high-efficiency high-power-density 3-kW 400-to-48-V $LLC$ converter for use in data centers. Through the optimization of the matrix transformer's geometry, turn number, and resonant frequency, we achieve superior efficiency and power density compared to state-of-the-art designs. To address challenges with the printed circuit board (PCB)-based inductors, we propose the use of a resonant matrix inductor, which reduces the number of stacked PCB layers, simplifies the winding implementation, and lowers the ac loss. By integrating the matrix inductor with the matrix transformer, we create a modular and scalable magnetic structure suitable for a wide range of voltages and currents. We also introduce electromagnetic interference shielding for the matrix transformer with a full-bridge rectifier, resulting in an 18-dB reduction in common-mode noise. The prototype achieved a peak efficiency of 98.8% and a power density of 600 W/in$^{3}$, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Goodbye, Gender Stereotypes? Trait Attributions to Politicians in 11 Years of News Coverage

In this study, we examine gender differences in political news coverage to determine whether the media employ stereotypical traits in portrayals of 1,095 U.S. politicians. Using a sample of over 5 million U.S. news stories published from 2010 to 2020, we study the media’s attribution of gender-linked (feminine, masculine) and political (leadership, competence, integrity, empathy) traits to U.S. politicians and present new longitudinal evidence for political gender stereotyping in the news. Our findings show that certain gender differences are present in news coverage (e.g., physical traits), some of which have remained unchanged over the past decade (e.g., integrity traits).
The significance of digital waste in the automation of Lean practices

Abstract Lean manufacturing has experienced massive changes under the influence of Industry 4.0 as the automation of lean practices has become common among manufacturing companies in many countries and across different industries. Automating lean practices promises several opportunities for growth and competitiveness. One of the acknowledged key advantages of lean automation has been the significant reduction of waste. Meanwhile, there is also discussion of a new form of waste: digital waste. However, do companies consider digital waste a part of production waste? It is also unclear if the automation of lean practices is a trigger for digital waste with a negative impact on value creation. This paper aims to investigate companies with automated lean practices and the digital waste generated by these practices. The research is based on three case studies of manufacturing companies based in Sweden. The originality of the study identifies and highlights the significance of various forms of digital waste, which is of academic and practical relevance. The study indicates that there is digital waste in supplier-related lean practice—automated JIT delivery—specifically in product-oriented and service-oriented technologies. There is digital waste in internally related lean practice—automated set-up—specifically in process-oriented technologies. Finally, there is digital waste in customer-related lean practice—digitally involved customers—in product-, service-, and process-oriented technologies.
Do related party transactions promote or depress a firm’s investment in organization capital?

ABSTRACT We examine whether related party transactions influence a firm’s investment in organization capital, using a sample of Korean firms from 2001 to 2020. Given that the high magnitude of related party transactions increases a firm’s dependence on the captive market within related parties, we hypothesize that a firm’s incentives to invest in intangible capital are low when there are heavy related party transactions. We find the negative relationship between related party transactions and a firm’s investment in organization capital, consistent with the notion that related party transactions significantly impact the firm’s operations. We also find that such a relationship is more pronounced for firms in the high-tech industry and those that are financially weak.
Algebra of L-Banded Matrices

Convergence is a crucial issue in iterative algorithms. Damping is commonly employed to ensure the convergence of iterative algorithms. The conventional ways of damping are scalar-wise, and either heuristic or empirical. Recently, an analytically optimized vector damping was proposed for memory message-passing (iterative) algorithms. As a result, it yields a special class of covariance matrices called L-banded matrices. In this paper, we show these matrices have broad algebraic properties arising from their L-banded structure. In particular, compact analytic expressions for the LDL decomposition, the Cholesky decomposition, the determinant after a column substitution, minors, and cofactors are derived. Furthermore, necessary and sufficient conditions for an L-banded matrix to be definite, a recurrence to obtain the characteristic polynomial, and some other properties are given.
Discrete Closed-Form Solutions for Barrier Options

Pricing barrier options in discrete-time using lattice techniques is not a straightforward exercise. While the use of larger numbers of time steps may produce more accurate values for standard options, the value of a barrier option is extremely sensitive to the number of time steps used. Merely using more time steps will often produce erroneous option values while simultaneously increasing computation time. There is a consequential necessity for closed-form solutions for this class of derivative. This paper outlines how a reformulation of a simple random walk and an application of the reflection principle may be used to find a binomial coecient that counts the number of ways a sample path will cross a constant barrier. In this way a general discrete closed-form solution, analogous to Cox, Ross and Rubinstein’s result, may be found for some barrier options. The case of a down-and-in call option is examined in detail. In addition, we prove the convergence of this discrete solution to its continuous-time counterpart.
Double-Elimination Tournaments: Counting and Calculating

Abstract Tournaments are popularly used in sporting events to select a champion. They are also used in experiments where paired comparison procedures are needed. Knockout tournaments are most useful when the number of treatments is too large to use the more well-known round-robin tournament. The mathematical and statistical literature does not address questions such as how one should seed teams in a tournament or which tournament structures are appropriate. For double-elimination (DE) tournaments even basic questions such as how many structures there are remain unanswered. This article addresses some fundamental questions concerning DE tournaments, including the number of DE tournaments and the probabilities of teams winning a DE tournament. Edwards gives many results about single-elimination (SE) tournaments, such as the probability of winning an SE tournament and a notation for labeling and counting them. In this article I develop similar results for the DE tournaments. The results given apply to an arb.
Flow-induced forces arising during the impact of two circular cylinders

This paper presents numerical simulations of two-dimensional incompressible flow around two circular cylinders in relative motion, which may result in impact. Viscous flow computations are carried out using a streamfunction–vorticity method for two equal-diameter cylinders undergoing a two-dimensional impact in otherwise stationary fluid and for cases of similar impact of two cylinders in a steady incident flow. These results are supported by potential flow calculations carried out using a Möbius conformal transformation and infinite arrays of image singularities. The inviscid flow results are compared with other published work and show that the inviscid forces induced on the cylinders have an inverse square root singularity with respect to the time to impact. All impacts considered in this paper result from steady motion of the cylinders along the line joining their centres.
Pseudopotential calculations for alkaline-earth atoms

Semi-empirical pseudopotentials including core-valence correlation have been adjusted to properties of the single-valence-electron ions X+ (X=Be to Ba). The pseudopotentials are tested in valence CI calculations for the ionisation potentials (IP) and dipole polarisabilities ( alpha ) of the neutral atoms. Agreement with experiment to about 0.02 eV is achieved for the IP; the computed alpha are probably more accurate than present experimental data.
ECH pre-ionization and assisted startup in the fully superconducting KSTAR tokamak using second harmonic

This letter reports on the successful demonstration of the second harmonic electron cyclotron heating (ECH)-assisted startup in the first plasma experiments recently completed in the fully superconducting Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device whose major and minor radii are 1.8 m and 0.5 m, respectively. For the second harmonic ECH-assisted startup, an 84 GHz EC wave at 0.35 MW was launched before the onset of the toroidal electric field of the Ohmic system. And it was observed that this was sufficient to achieve breakdown in the ECH pre-ionization phase, allow burn-through and sustain the plasma during the current ramp with a low loop voltage of 2.0 V and a corresponding toroidal electric field of 0.24 V m−1at the innermost vacuum vessel wall (R = 1.3 m). This is a lower value than 0.3 Vm−1 which is the maximum electric field in ITER. Due to the limited volt-seconds and the loop voltage of the Ohmic power system, the extended pulse duration of the ECH power up to 180 ms allowed the plasma current to rise up to more than 100 kA with a ramp-up rate of 0.8 MA s−1.
Minimum-time control for uncertain discrete-time linear systems

Linear discrete-time uncertain systems with control and state constraints are discussed. The problem of reaching and ultimately bounding the state in an assigned target set in minimum time is considered. A solution based on the construction of the domain of attraction to the target set in terms of controllability sets is given. A linear programming algorithm for the construction of such a domain is proposed for the case in which linear constraints are considered. <<ETX>>
High-Performance Polarization Imaging Reconstruction in Scattering System under Natural Light Conditions with an Improved U-Net

Imaging through scattering media faces great challenges. Object information will be seriously degraded by scattering media, and the final imaging quality will be poor. In order to improve imaging quality, we propose using the transmitting characteristics of an object’s polarization information, to achieve imaging through scattering media under natural light using an improved U-net. In this paper, we choose ground glass as the scattering medium and capture the polarization images of targets through the scattering medium by a polarization camera. Experimental results show that the proposed model can reconstruct target information from highly damaged images, and for the same material object, the trained network model has a superior generalization without considering its structural shapes. Meanwhile, we have also investigated the effect of the distance between the target and the ground glass on the reconstructing performance, in which, and although the mismatch distance between the training set and the testing sample expands to 1 cm, the modified U-net can also efficaciously reconstruct the targets.
A Proposed Methodology to Deal with the Impact of In Vitro Cellular Matrix on the Analytical Performances of a Targeted Metabolomic LC-HRMS Method

Performances of metabolomic methods have been widely studied on biological matrices such as serum, plasma, and urine; but much less on in vitro cell extracts. While the impact of cell culture and sample preparation on results are well-described, the specific effect of the in vitro cellular matrix on the analytical performance remains uncertain. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of this matrix on the analytical performance of an LC-HRMS metabolomic method. For this purpose, experiments were performed on total extracts from two cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HepaRG) using different cell numbers. Matrix effects, carryover, linearity, and variability of the method were studied. Results showed that the performances of the method depend on the nature of the endogenous metabolite, the cell number, and the nature of the cell line. These three parameters should, therefore, be considered for the processing of experiments and the interpretation of results depending on whether the study focuses on a limited number of metabolites or aims to establish a metabolic signature.
Horse-Derived Ceramide Accentuates Glucosylceramide Synthase and Ceramide Synthase 3 by Activating PPARβ/δ and/or PPARγ to Stimulate Ceramide Synthesis

Horse-derived ceramide (HC), which contains galactosylceramides as its main component, significantly improves skin symptoms when applied topically to patients with atopic dermatitis. We speculated that efficacy resulted from the amelioration of epidermal ceramide metabolism, and we characterized those effects using reconstructed human epidermal equivalents. Lipid analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting revealed that HC significantly increased the total ceramide content of the stratum corneum (SC), accompanied by significantly increased gene and/or protein expression levels of ceramide synthase (CERS) 3, fatty acid elongase (ELOVL) 4, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), β-glucocerebrosidase, sphingomyelin synthase and acid sphingomyelinase. Mechanistic analyses using cultures of primary human keratinocytes revealed the marked stimulatory effects of HC on the mRNA expression levels of CERS3, ELOVL4 and GCS under high calcium-derived differentiation conditions. Signaling analyses demonstrated that an antagonist of PPARβ/δ significantly abrogated the HC-stimulated mRNA expression levels of GCS, CERS3 and ELOVL4. GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ, significantly abolished the HC-up-regulated mRNA expression levels of GCS and ELOVL4, but not of CERS3. These findings suggest that HC has the distinct potential to accentuate the expression of GCS, CERS3 and ELOVL4 via the activation of PPARβ/δ and/or PPARγ to accelerate ceramide synthesis in the SC.
Real-time optical imaging of individual microbubbles in an ultrasonic field

In this study we analyze the behavior of individual experimental ultrasonic contrast bubbles, insonofied by 500 kHz ultrasound, at acoustic pressures between 0.06 and 0.66 MPa. The oscillations, were observed under a microscope with a fast framing camera. It is concluded that apparently identical bubbles can expand to different maximal diameters.
Estradiol decreases the excitability of RA projection neurons in adult male zebra finches

Zebra finches are essential animal models for studying learned vocal signals. The robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) plays an important role in regulating singing behavior. Our previous study showed that castration inhibited the electrophysiological activity of RA projection neurons (PNs) in male zebra finches, demonstrating that testosterone modulates the excitability of RA PNs. Testosterone can be converted into estradiol (E2) in the brain through aromatase; however, the physiological functions of E2 in RA are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological activities of E2 on the RA PNs of male zebra finches through patch-clamp recording. E2 rapidly decreased the rate of evoked and spontaneous action potentials (APs) of RA PNs, hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential, and decreased the membrane input resistance. Moreover, the G-protein–coupled membrane-bound estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist G1 decreased both the evoked and spontaneous APs of RA PNs. Furthermore, the GPER antagonist G15 had no effect on the evoked and spontaneous APs of RA PNs; E2 and G15 together also had no effect on the evoked and spontaneous APs of RA PNs. These findings suggested that E2 rapidly decreased the excitability of RA PNs and its binding to GPER suppressed the excitability of RA PNs. These pieces of evidence helped us fully understand the principle of E2 signal mediation via its receptors to modulate the excitability of RA PNs in songbirds.
Semi-Autonomic AI LF-NMR Sensor for Industrial Prediction of Edible Oil Oxidation Status

The evaluation of an oil’s oxidation status during industrial production is highly important for monitoring the oil’s purity and nutritional value during production, transportation, storage, and cooking. The oil and food industry is seeking a real-time, non-destructive, rapid, robust, and low-cost sensor for nutritional oil’s material characterization. Towards this goal, a 1H LF-NMR relaxation sensor application based on the chemical and structural profiling of non-oxidized and oxidized oils was developed. This study dealt with a relatively large-scale oil oxidation database, which included crude data of a 1H LF-NMR relaxation curve, and its reconstruction into T1 and T2 spectral fingerprints, self-diffusion coefficient D, and conventional standard chemical test results. This study used a convolutional neural network (CNN) that was trained to classify T2 relaxation curves into three ordinal classes representing three different oil oxidation levels (non-oxidized, partial oxidation, and high level of oxidation). Supervised learning was used on the T2 signals paired with the ground-truth labels of oxidation values as per conventional chemical lab oxidation tests. The test data results (not used for training) show a high classification accuracy (95%). The proposed AI method integrates a large training set, an LF-NMR sensor, and a machine learning program that meets the requirements of the oil and food industry and can be further developed for other applications.