Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel Perspectives: Reverse Engineering for Generation Multi-X

Reverse engineering large systems today requires multiple analysts trying to understand multi-threaded software running on multicore/multiprocessor hardware that covers multiple instruction sets. Today's "multi-X" world requires new analysis tools revealing a wide range of perspectives -- static and dynamic, detailed and abstract. Our goal is to design tools to support low-level program comprehension tasks ranging from malware analysis to mainframe code-base evolution. This paper presents the design and implementation of a prototype Integrated Comprehension Environment (ICE) with multiple analysis plugins designed to provide reverse engineers with the perspectives they need to analyze today's software. Leveraging the simplicity of the Reverse Engineering Intermediate Language (REIL), this prototype provides plug in modules designed to correlate low-level and high-level perspectives of both static and dynamic information. Our goal is to determine if this generalized design may in fact enable tool sets to be unhinged from specific instruction sets, permitting the same analysis modules to be applied to code bases made for drastically different architectures, such as x86 versus HLASM.
Universally Composable Committed Oblivious Transfer and Multi-Party Computation Assuming Only Basic Black-Box Primitives

A transmission cable (30, 50, 70, 80) for an ignition system of a fuel burning engine has a body of electrical insulation (31, 51, 71, 81). The cable has embedded in its insulation either a distributed or lumped parameter capacitive element (32-35, 52-55, 72-75, 82-84) connected in parallel with either a distributed or lumped parameter resistive element (36-38, 56-58, 76, 86-88) which coact to increase the energy delivered to an igniter and hence to a fuel nodule. The parameter values of the capacitive and resistive elements are such as to produce first order poles with only real parts in the complex plane defining the ignition current. Other parameter values are usable where such values limit the peak ignition voltage level drop in the cable to less than 20,000 volts. A feature of this cable is that the capacitive element is structured to produce electric and magnetic field components that cancel each other, thereby also reducing radio noise induction.
Speaker recognition using weighted dynamic MFCC based on GMM

In this paper, a new algorithm of feature parameter extraction is proposed for application in speaker recognition system, which combines the traditional MFCC and the dynamic MFCC as a new series of coefficients. According to the statistics analysis of the different contribution by the dynamic MFCC and traditional MFCC, these coefficients are weighted as front-end parameters of the GMM, which would decrease the dimension of the mixed weighted GMM and reduce the computation complexity. The experiments based on the TIMIT and VOA speech database were implemented in MATLAB environment, and the results showed the speaker recognition system with the Weighted Dynamic MFCC could obtain better performance with high recognition rate and low computational complexity.
Edge caching for coverage and capacity-aided heterogeneous networks

A two-tier heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) with intra-tier and inter-tier dependence is studied. The macro cell deployment follows a Poisson point process (PPP) and two different clustered point processes are used to model the cache-enabled small cells. Under this model, we derive approximate expressions in terms of finite integrals for the average delivery rate considering inter-tier and intra-tier dependence. On top of the fact that cache size drastically improves the performance of small cells in terms of average delivery rate, we show that rate splitting of limited-backhaul induces non-linear performance variations, and therefore has to be adjusted for rate fairness among users of different tiers.
Shape-independent scaling of excitonic confinement in realistic quantum wires

The scaling of exciton binding energy in semiconductor quantum wires is investigated theoretically through a nonvariational, fully three-dimensional approach for a wide set of realistic state-of-the-art structures. We find that in the strong confinement limit the same potential-to-kinetic energy ratio holds for quite different wire cross sections and compositions. As a consequence, a universal (shape- and composition-independent) parameter can be identified that governs the scaling of the binding energy with size. Previous indications that the shape of the wire cross section may have important effects on exciton binding are discussed in the light of the present results
Change-point Detection in Multivariate Time-series Data by Recurrence Plot

: - Change-point detection in time-series is an important data mining task with applications to abnormity diagnosis, events monitoring, climate change analysis, and other domains. This paper presents a novel method based on recurrence plot for detecting multiple change-points in multivariate time series. Bhattacharyya distance function is applied to improve the recurrence plot generation so as to capture the dependency change among variables. A window-based detection algorithm is proposed to capture the change-points quickly and automatically. With experiments on artificial and real datasets, we show that the algorithm has made improvement to traditional recurrence plot, is able to handle noisy data with optimized parameter, and can cope with complex situation like human activity and micro-blog events monitoring.
The Hidden Crisis in the High School Dropout Problems of Young Adults in the U.S.: Recent Trends in Overall School Dropout Rates and Gender Differences in Dropout Behavior.

This report examines how successful America's high schools have been in raising high school graduation rates over the past decade and how severe the high school dropout problem actually is. It reviews existing empirical evidence on the school dropout problems of America's youth during the 1990s. It also presents evidence to support the view that some of the more widely cited official government measures of school dropout rates substantially underestimate the number of youth who drop out. The evidence on dropout rates, the report states, is quite mixed and controversial. Specifically, the report examines the following: (1) official and alternative estimates of school dropout rates; (2) dropout rates among young adults; (3) high school dropout rates based on data from the U.S. Department of Education and selected states; (4) annual high school dropout rates in large public school districts; (5) the differences in dropout rates between the behavior of men and women dropouts; and (6) estimates of high school graduation rates with the annual high school diploma data. The text is supplemented by 31 tables, 5 charts, 5 appendices, and 50 footnotes, many of which contain references. (WFA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTED CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS FOR SENSOR NETWORKS

A base station utilizing a dormant polling protocol transmits polling sequences to a plurality of remote transceivers during periods of heavy loading. During periods of light loading, the base station stops polling and enters into a dormant state, listening for communication request from the remote transceivers. Upon receiving such a request, the base station immediately responds by servicing the requesting remote transceiver. In this way, the base station provides optimized utilization of the communication channel during periods of heavy and light loading conditions. The features of the dormant polling protocol may incorporate any polling protocol such as those described herein.
Political Elites in Federalized Countries: The Case of Spain (1980-2005). CES Working Paper, no. 146, 2008

This paper explores the social profile of the regional elite that has emerged in Spain since the de-mocratization and federalization of the country. For the first time, researchers present data about crucial variables like gender, place of birth, age, education, and profession. They make inter-regional comparisons, put their data on an international perspective, and try to explain some un-expected findings, such as the behavior of political elites in Catalonia and Castile-La Mancha. The authors compare also the social profile of MPs of the two largest parties and show that the gap between society and political elite has been reduced over the years. The paper offers a research agenda.
Relationship between tinnitus pitch and edge of hearing loss in individuals with a narrow tinnitus bandwidth

Abstract Objective: Psychoacoustic measures of tinnitus, in particular dominant tinnitus pitch and its relationship to the shape of the audiogram, are important in determining and verifying pathophysiological mechanisms of the condition. Our previous study postulated that this relationship might vary between different groups of people with tinnitus. For a small subset of participants with narrow tinnitus bandwidth, pitch was associated with the audiometric edge, consistent with the tonotopic reorganization theory. The current study objective was to establish this relationship in an independent sample. Design: This was a retrospective design using data from five studies conducted between 2008 and 2013. Study sample: From a cohort of 380 participants, a subgroup group of 129 with narrow tinnitus bandwidth were selected. Results: Tinnitus pitch generally fell within the area of hearing loss. There was a statistically significant correlation between dominant tinnitus pitch and edge frequency; higher edge frequency being associated with higher dominant tinnitus pitch. However, similar to our previous study, for the majority of participants pitch was more than an octave above the edge frequency. Conclusions: The findings did not support our prediction and are therefore not consistent with the reorganization theory postulating tinnitus pitch to correspond to the audiometric edge.
Strong systematicity in sentence processing by simple recurrent networks

Providing explanations of language comprehension requires models that describe language processing and display strong systematicity. Although various extensions of connectionist models have been suggested in order to account for this phenomenon, we found that even a simple recurrent network that had been trained in a way that can be considered ‘standard’, could display strong systematicity. This ability was found to result from informative word representations that developed in the network.
The Effects of Ginkgo Leaf Extract on Serum NO in Male Rats

is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants which has definite effects on improvement of cardiovascular system. This study was extorted to determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of ginkgo on serum levels of NO in male rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, normal saline receiving, ginkgo extract (100 mg/kg/body weight) receiving animals of 5 rats in each group. Ginkgo extract was daily injected intraperitonealy for 7 days. Blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method serum NO level was measured using spectrophotometry method. Data were statistically analyzed and compared between groups using ANOVA. Serum NO level was not significantly changed in normal saline receiving rats compared with control animals, however, serum NO level was significantly increased in ginkgo extract receiving animals compared to control rats.
Turbulence in circumstellar disks

Received ? ; accepted ? Abstract. We investigate the analogy between circumstellar disks and the Taylor-Couette flow. Using the Reynolds similarity principle, the analogy results in a number of parameter-free predictions about stability of the disks, and their turbulent transport properties, provided the disk structure is available. We discuss how the latter can be deduced from interferometric observations of circumstellar material. We use the resulting disk structure to compute the molecular transport coefficients, including the effect ofionization by the central object. The resulting control parameter indicates that the disk is well into the turbulent regime. The analogy is also used to compute the effective accretion rate, as a function of the disk characteristic parameters (orbiting velocity, temperature and density). These values are in very good agreement with experimental, parameter-free predictions derived from the analogy. The turbulent viscosity is also computed and found to correspond to an �-parameter 2× 10 −4 < � < 2× 10 −2 . Predictions regarding fluctuations are also checked: luminosity fluctuations in disks do obey the same universal distribution as energy fluctuations observed in a laboratory turbulent flow. Radial velocity dispersion in the outer part of the disk is predicted to be of the order of 0.1 km/s, in agreement with available observations. All these issues provide a proof of the turbulent character of the circumstellar disks, as well as a parameter-free theoretical estimate of effective accretion rates.
Game-theoretic approach to detect selfish attacker in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks

In wireless communication, spectrum resources are utilized by authorities in particular fields. Most of the elements in spectrum are idle. Cognitive radio is a promising technique for allocating the idle spectrum into unlicensed users. Security shortage is a major challenging issue in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAHNs) that makes performance degradation on spectrum sensing and sharing. A selfish user pre-occupies the accessible bandwidth for their prospect usage and prohibits the progress secondary users whose makes the requirement for spectrum utility. Game theoretic model is proposed to detect the selfish attacker in CRAHNs. Channel state information (CSI) is considered to inform each user's channel handing information. The two strategy of Nash Equilibrium game model such as pure and mixed strategy for secondary users (SUs) and selfish secondary users (SSUs) are investigated and the selfish attacker is detected. Moreover a novel belief updating system is also proposed to the secondary users for knowing the CSI of the primary user. A simulation result shows that, game theoretic model is achieved to increase the detection rate of selfish attackers.
Predator Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci) Outbreak, Mass Mortality of Corals, and Cascading Effects on Reef Fish and Benthic Communities

Outbreaks of the coral-killing seastar Acanthaster planci are intense disturbances that can decimate coral reefs. These events consist of the emergence of large swarms of the predatory seastar that feed on reef-building corals, often leading to widespread devastation of coral populations. While cyclic occurrences of such outbreaks are reported from many tropical reefs throughout the Indo-Pacific, their causes are hotly debated, and the spatio-temporal dynamics of the outbreaks and impacts to reef communities remain unclear. Based on observations of a recent event around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, we show that Acanthaster outbreaks are methodic, slow-paced, and diffusive biological disturbances. Acanthaster outbreaks on insular reef systems like Moorea's appear to originate from restricted areas confined to the ocean-exposed base of reefs. Elevated Acanthaster densities then progressively spread to adjacent and shallower locations by migrations of seastars in aggregative waves that eventually affect the entire reef system. The directional migration across reefs appears to be a search for prey as reef portions affected by dense seastar aggregations are rapidly depleted of living corals and subsequently left behind. Coral decline on impacted reefs occurs by the sequential consumption of species in the order of Acanthaster feeding preferences. Acanthaster outbreaks thus result in predictable alteration of the coral community structure. The outbreak we report here is among the most intense and devastating ever reported. Using a hierarchical, multi-scale approach, we also show how sessile benthic communities and resident coral-feeding fish assemblages were subsequently affected by the decline of corals. By elucidating the processes involved in an Acanthaster outbreak, our study contributes to comprehending this widespread disturbance and should thus benefit targeted management actions for coral reef ecosystems.
On the Rothenberg-Steenrod spectral sequence for the mod 2 cohomology of classifying spaces of spinor groups

We compute the cotorsion product of the mod 2 cohomology of spinor group spin(n), which is the E_2-term of the Rothenberg-Steenrod spectral sequence for the mod 2 cohomology of the classifying space of the spinor group spin(n). As a consequence of this computation, we show the non-collapsing of the Rothenberg-Steenrod spectral sequence for n > 16.
Efficient Virus Assembly, but Not Infectivity, Determines the Magnitude of Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Interferon Alpha Responses of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT Worldwide, approximately 160 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), seven distinct genotypes of which are discriminated. The hallmarks of HCV are its genetic variability and the divergent courses of hepatitis C progression in patients. We assessed whether intragenotypic HCV variations would differentially trigger host innate immunity. To this end, we stimulated human primary plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) with crude preparations of different cell culture-derived genotype 2a HCV variants. Parental Japanese fulminant hepatitis C virus (JFH1) did not induce interferon alpha (IFN-α), whereas the intragenotypic chimera Jc1 triggered massive IFN-α responses. Purified Jc1 retained full infectivity but no longer induced IFN-α. Coculture of pDC with HCV-infected hepatoma cells retrieved the capacity to induce IFN-α, whereas Jc1-infected cells triggered stronger responses than JFH1-infected cells. Since the infectivity of virus particles did not seem to affect pDC activation, we next tested Jc1 mutants that were arrested at different stages of particle assembly. These experiments revealed that efficient assembly and core protein envelopment were critically needed to trigger IFN-α. Of note, sequences within domain 2 of the core that vitally affect virus assembly also crucially influenced the IFN-α responses of pDC. These data showed that viral determinants shaped host innate IFN-α responses to HCV. IMPORTANCE Although pegylated IFN-α plus ribavirin currently is the standard of care for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection, not much is known about the relevance of early interferon responses in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Here, we addressed whether intragenotypic variations of hepatitis C virus would account for differential induction of type I interferon responses mounted by primary blood-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Surprisingly, a chimeric genotype 2a virus carrying the nonstructural genes of Japanese fulminant hepatitis C virus (JFH1) induced massive type I interferon responses, whereas the original genotype 2a JFH1 strain did not. Our detailed analyses revealed that, not the virus infectivity, but rather, the efficiency of virus assembly and core protein envelopment critically determined the magnitude of interferon responses. To our knowledge, this is the first example of hepatitis C virus-associated genetic variations that determine the magnitude of innate host responses.
A Prototype System for Measuring Microwave Frequency Reflections from the Breast

Microwave imaging of the breast is of interest for monitoring breast health, and approaches to active microwave imaging include tomography and radar-based methods. While the literature contains a growing body of work related to microwave breast imaging, there are only a few prototype systems that have been used to collect data from humans. In this paper, a prototype system for monostatic radar-based imaging that has been used in an initial study measuring reflections from volunteers is discussed. The performance of the system is explored by examining the mechanical positioning of sensor, as well as microwave measurement sensitivity. To gain insight into the measurement of reflected signals, simulations and measurements of a simple phantom are compared and discussed in relation to system sensitivity. Finally, a successful scan of a volunteer is described.
Sleep forms memory for finger skills

Practicing a motor skill triggers a process of memory consolidation that continues for hours after practice has ended, and becomes manifest in an improved skill at later testing. We used a sequential motor task (finger-to-thumb opposition task) to show that, in humans, the formation of motor skill memories essentially benefits from sleep. Independent of whether placed during daytime or nighttime, sleep after practice enhanced speed of sequence performance on average by 33.5% and reduced error rate by 30.1% as compared with corresponding intervals of wakefulness. The effect of sleep after learning proved to be stable when retesting was postponed for another night, to exclude effects of sleep loss and to assure that all subjects had sufficient sleep before retrieval testing. Also, the consolidating effect of sleep was specific for the motor sequence learned. It did not generalize to a similar sequence containing identical movement segments in a different order. Retention periods of wakefulness improved performance only moderately and only if placed during daytime. The observations demonstrate a critical role of sleep for storing and optimizing motor skills.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis From Biopsy Images Using Generic Features and SVMs

AbstractA fully automatic method for breast cancer diagnosis based on microscopic biopsy images is presented.The method achieves high recognition rates by applying multi-class support vector machines on generic featurevectors that are based on level-set statistics of the images. We also consider the problem of classiﬁcation withrejection and show preliminary results that point to the potential beneﬁts. Index Termsbreast cancer, biopsy, automatic diagnosis, SVM, image processing, feature extraction I. I NTRODUCTION Recent years have witnessed a large increase of interest in automated and semi-automated breast cancerdiagnosis [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]; see [10] for a recent review. In this paper we present anautomatic classiﬁcation method for breast cancer diagnosi s based on microscopic biopsy images. In particular,we consider the problem of classifying a tissue specimen as either healthy, tumor in situ 1 , or invasive carcinoma.We propose a fully automatic classiﬁcation method, using ge neric features and state-of-the-art statisticallearning algorithms and methodologies. We experiment with a dataset that was previously used in [11], wherea highly specialized morphology-based feature generationprocess was used. We show here that simple genericfeatures lead to slightly superior (6.6% vs. 8.0%) error rate.A desirable functionality of automated or semi-automated medical diagnosis systems is the option of ‘decisionwith rejection’ whereby the system generates decisions with conﬁdence larger than some prescribed thresholdand transfers the decision on cases with lower conﬁdence to a human expert. In this work we also examine asimple method for decision with rejection and demonstrate its viability.Figure 1 presents three sample images of healthy tissue, tumor in situ and invasive carcinoma. Note that theimages are not clear-cut, and contain much information of nodiagnostic signiﬁcance. These were the individualsamples in our work; they were not subdivided or cropped in any way. For more information on the dataset,see Section IV.