Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of Paley–Wiener theorems for real reductive Lie groups

In this paper we make a detailed comparison between the Paley–Wiener theorems of J. Arthur and P. Delorme for a real reductive Lie group G. We prove that these theorems are equivalent from an a priori point of view. We also give an alternative formulation of the theorems in terms of the Hecke algebra of bi-K-finite distributions supported on K, a maximal compact subgroup of G. Our techniques involve derivatives of holomorphic families of continuous representations and Harish-Chandra modules.
Universität Des Saarlandes Fachrichtung 6.1 – Mathematik Image Compression with Anisotropic Diffusion Image Compression with Anisotropic Diffusion

Compression is an important field of digital image processing where well-engineered methods with high performance exist. Partial differential equations (PDEs), however, have not much been explored in this context so far. In our paper we introduce a novel framework for image compression that makes use of the interpolation qualities of edge-enhancing diffusion. Although this anisotropic diffusion equation with a diffusion tensor was originally proposed for image denoising, we show that it outperforms many other PDEs when sparse scattered data must be interpolated. To exploit this property for image compression, we consider an adaptive triangulation method for removing less significant pixels from the image. The remaining points serve as scattered interpolation data for the diffusion process. They can be coded in a compact way that reflects the B-tree structure of the triangulation. We supplement the coding step with a number of amendments such as error threshold adaptation, diffusion-based point selection, and specific quantisation strategies. Our experiments illustrate the usefulness of each of these modifications. They demonstrate that for high compression rates, our PDE-based approach does not only give far better results than the widely-used JPEG standard, but can even come close to the quality of the highly optimised JPEG2000 codec.
Unique Anti-Glioblastoma Activities of Hypericin Are at the Crossroad of Biochemical and Epigenetic Events and Culminate in Tumor Cell Differentiation

Failure of conventional therapies to alleviate glioblastoma (GBM) fosters search for novel therapeutic strategies. These include epigenetic modulators as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), which relax abnormally compact tumor cell chromatin organization, enabling cells to overcome blockage in differentiation. However, in clinical settings, HDACi efficacy is confined to subsets of hematologic malignancies. We reasoned that molecules targeting multiple epigenetic mechanisms may exhibit superior anti-cancer activities. We focused on the redox perylene-quinone Hypericin (HYP) and showed that HYP targets Hsp90 for polyubiquitination, degradation and inactivation. Hsp90 is implicated in mediating inheritable epigenetic modifications transferable to progeny. We therefore examined if HYP can induce epigenetic alterations in GBM cells and show here that HYP indeed, targets multiple mechanisms in human glioblastoma tumor cell lines via unique manners. These elicit major epigenetic signature changes in key developmentally regulated genes. HYP induces neuroglial tumor cell differentiation modulating the cytoarchitecture, neuroglial differentiation antigen expression and causes exit from cell proliferation cycles. Such activities characterize HDACi however HYP is not an HDAC inhibitor. Instead, HYP effectively down-regulates expression of Class-I HDACs, creating marked deficiencies in HDACs cellular contents, leading to histones H3 and H4 hyperacetylation. Expression of EZH2, the Polycomb repressor complex-2 catalytic subunit, which trimethylates histone H3K27 is also suppressed. The resulting histone hyperacetylation and diminished H3K27-trimethylation relax chromatin structure, activating gene transcription including differentiation-promoting genes. DNMT profiles are also modulated increasing global DNA methylation. HYP induces unique epigenetic down-regulations of HDACs, EZH2 and DNMTs, remodeling chromatin structure and culminating in tumor cell differentiation. These modulations generate clinically significant anti-GBM effects obtained in a clinical trial performed in patients with recurrent, progressive disease. Despite this advanced disease stage, patients responded to HYP, displaying stable disease and partial responses; patients on compassionate therapy survived for up to 34 months. Hypericin may constitute a novel anti-glioblastoma therapeutic paradigm.
Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Diethylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

AbstractThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched until July 4, 2014, using combinations of the following terms: gadoxetic acid disodium, Gd-EOB-DTPA, multidetector CT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Inclusion criteria were as follows: confirmed diagnosis of primary HCC by histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen; comparative study of MRI using Gd-EOB-DTPA and MDCT for diagnosis of HCC; and studies that provided quantitative outcome data. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the 2 methods were compared, and diagnostic accuracy was assessed with alternative-free response receiver-operating characteristic analysis.Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, and a total of 1439 lesions were examined. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for 1.5T MRI were 0.95 and 0.96, respectively, for 3.0T MRI were 0.91 and 0.96, respectively, and for MDCT were 0.74 and 0.93, respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio for 1.5T and 3.0T MRI was 242.96, respectively, and that of MDCT was 33.47. To summarize, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI (1.5T and 3.0T) has better diagnostic accuracy for HCC than MDCT.
The Kindness of Strangers People's willingness to help someone during a chance encounter on a city street varies considerably around the world

sudden, the normal flow of pedestrian traffic backed up as people tried to avoid a large object on the sidewalk. To my astonishment, the object turned out to be a human being, a man lying un conscious against a building. Not one of the passing herd seemed to notice that the obstacle was a man. Certainly no one made eye contact. As we shuffled by, my father? the model of a loving, caring gentleman? pointed to a bottle in a paper bag and told me that the poor soul on the sidewalk "just needed to sleep it off. " When the drunken man be gan to ramble senselessly, my father warned me not to go near, saying "You never know how he'll react. " I soon
Cellular Outline Segmentation using Fractal Estimators

Segmentation in biological images is essential for the determination of biological parameters that allow the construction of models of several biological problems. This helps to establish clear relationships between those models and the parameter estimation, and for elaboration of key experiments that give support to biological theories. Segmentation is the process of qualitative or quantitative information extraction (shape, texture, physical and geometric properties, among others). These quantities are needed to compute the biological descriptors for further classification (v.g., cell counting, development stage assessment, and many others). This process is almost always supervised (i.e., human assisted), since the quality of the images that are produced with classic microscopy technologies have defects that in general disallow the application of unsupervised segmentation techniques. In this paper we investigate the use of the a local fractal dimension estimation as an image descriptor for microscopy images. This local descriptor appears to be robust enough to perform unsupervised or semisupervised segmentations, specifically in our study. We applied this technique on microscopy images of amphibian embryos' skin in which, using immunofluorescence techniques, we have labeled the cell adhesion molecule E-Cadherin. This molecule is one of the key factors of the Ca2+- dependent cell-cell adhesion. Segmentation of the cellular outlines was performed using a processing workflow, which can be repeatedly applied to a set of similar images, from which information is extracted for characterization and eventual quantification purposes.
The Effect of Motor Imagery Perspective on Activity of the Bicep Brachii

To investigate the effectiveness of imagery perspective (internal imagery and external imagery) on the ability to activate target muscle groups, 16 (8 male, 8 female) participants considered to be experienced weight lifters were examined in this study. The internal imagery perspective of a heavy weight was expected to produce larger electromyography (EMG) activity of the biceps brachii compared to internal light, external light, and external heavy conditions. However, the One-Way Within Subjects ANOVA suggests no significant main effect for trials, F(3,45) = 0.117, p = 0.764 > 0.05. While this study didn’t result in any significant findings between imagery conditions, this research postulates important directions for future research.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ENZYMES AND PROTEINS α-N-Acetylglucosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum specifically hydrolyzes α-linked N-acetylglucosamine at nonreducing terminus of O-glycan on gastric mucin

α-Linked N-acetylglucosamine is one of the major glyco-epitopes in O-glycan of gastroduodenal mucin. Here, we identified glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 89 α-Nacetylglucosaminidase, termed AgnB, from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254, which is essentially specific to GlcNAcα1-4Gal structure. AgnB is a membrane-anchored extracellular enzyme consisting of a GH89 domain and four carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 32 domains. Among four CBM32 domains, three tandem ones at C-terminus showed to bind porcine gastric mucin, suggesting that these domains enhance the enzyme activity by increasing affinity for multivalent substrates. AgnB might be important for assimilation of gastroduodenal mucin by B. bifidum and also applicable to production of prebiotic oligosaccharides from porcine gastric mucin.
La motivation des étudiants en sciences de la santé : un levier pédagogique à exploiter et un objet de recherche à construire

Sur le plan de la formation, il tend à confirmer l’impact majeur de l’environnement d’apprentissage des étudiants en sciences de la santé sur leur motivation. Certes, les auteurs se sont inscrits dans une démarche transversale et observationnelle de recueil des données, mais d’autres contributions ont précédemment confirmé le caractère démotivant des études de santé, notamment au cours de la première année[2]. Différents facteurs explicatifs sont couramment évoqués. Nous en citerons deux, qui selon le modèle de la dynamique motivationnelle élaboré par Viau, s’inscrivent respectivement dans le groupe des facteurs de (dé)motivation liés à l’institution – et, notamment, aux décisions relatives à l’organisation des curriculums – et dans celui des facteurs liés à la « classe » (et en particulier aux choix des activités pédagogiques et des activités d’évaluation des apprentissages)[3]. Le premier renvoie à la difficulté qu’éprouvent les étudiants à mettre en lien le contenu scientifique de leur première année de formation avec le métier auquel ils sont venus se former, conduisant ainsi à une forme de « désenchantement »[2]. Le second résulte du caractère hautement compétitif des études de santé, notamment médicales, qui favorise la motivation à réussir, plutôt que la motivation à
Study on Retrieval of Chlorophyll-a Concentration Based on Landsat OLI Imagery in the Haihe River, China

The optical complexity of urban waters makes the remote retrieval of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration a challenging task. In this study, Chl-a concentration was retrieved using reflectance data of Landsat OLI images. Chl-a concentration in the Haihe River of China was obtained using mathematical regression analysis (MRA) and an artificial neural network (ANN). A regression model was built based on an analysis of the spectral reflectance and water quality sampling data. Remote sensing inversion results of Chl-a concentration were obtained and analyzed based on a verification of the algorithm and application of the models to the images. The analysis results revealed that the two models satisfactorily reproduced the temporal variation based on the input variables. In particular, the ANN model showed better performance than the MRA model, which was reflected in its higher accuracy in the validation. This study demonstrated that Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images are suitable for remote sensing monitoring of water quality and that they can produce high-accuracy inversion results.
Intravenous Transfusion of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Reduces Neointima Formation After Vascular Injury

&NA; —Endothelial cell damage is one important pathophysiological step of atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Accelerated reendothelialization impairs neointima formation. We evaluated the role of intravenously transfused endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on reendothelialization and neointima formation in a mouse model of arterial injury. Spleen‐derived mouse mononuclear cells (MNCs) were cultured in endothelial basal medium. A total of 91.8±3.2% of adherent cells showed uptake of acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (Dil‐Ac‐LDL) and lectin binding after 4 days. Immunostaining and long‐term cultures confirmed the endothelial progenitor phenotype. To determine the effect of stem cell transfusion on reendothelialization, mice received either fluorescent‐labeled spleen‐derived MNCs or in vitro differentiated EPCs intravenously after endothelial injury of the carotid artery. Transfused cells were strictly restricted to the injury site, and lectin binding confirmed the endothelial phenotype. Homing of transfused cells to the site of injury was only detectable in splenectomized mice. Cell transfusion caused enhanced reendothelialization associated with a reduction of neointima formation. Systemically applied spleen‐derived MNCs and EPCs home to the site of vascular injury, resulting in an enhanced reendothelialization associated with decreased neointima formation. These results allow novel insights in stem cell biology and provide additional information for the treatment of vascular dysfunction and prevention of restenosis after angioplasty. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha. org. (Circ Res. 2003;93:e17‐e24.)
Is the Dragon Learning to Fly? An Analysis of the Chinese Patent Explosion

This paper analyses characteristics of the recent explosion of patent filings by Chinese firms both domestically and in the United States. We construct a firm-level dataset by matching USPTO and SIPO patents to Chinese manufacturing census data for 1999-2006. Using this integrated dataset we show that the patent explosion is accounted for by a tiny, highly select group of Chinese companies in the ICT equipment industry. Our analysis further suggests that firms patenting in both the US and China are younger, larger and more export-oriented than firms patenting exclusively in China.
Corneal curvature gradient determines corneal healing process and epithelial behavior.

We read with great interest the article by Kanellopoulos and Asimellis1 and the subsequent correspondence with Reinstein et al.2 with the debate regarding the law that drives epithelial remodeling and the healing process. Kanellopoulos and Asimellis explained their findings of epithelial thickening after myopic LASIK with their hypothesis that epithelial behavior is related to the biomechanics of the cornea and that a thinned cornea (in cases of large myopic ablation) might be more susceptible to epithelial hyperactivity and regrowth. Conversely, Reinstein et al. suggested that all epithelial thickness changes can be explained by a compensatory mechanism that is driven by the rate of change of curvature of the stromal surface. This last finding was presented in an article by our group that defined the rate of change of curvature as the corneal curvature gradient.3 In particular, the curvature gradient is a topography map aimed to evaluate the rate of change in curvature over the corneal surface. In that article, we demonstrated that the initial curvature gradient after excimer ablation predicts the change in tangential curvature over the subsequent 12 months in areas where the initial tangential curvature is the greatest. When the curvature gradient is high, the surface curvature modification remains in progress even months after the ablation. We believe the hypothesis by Kanellopoulos and Asimellis (that biomechanics could play a role in corneal healing) is interesting and we cannot exclude it, but it currently lacks validation with preclinical and clinical studies that separate the possible biomechanical effect from the curvature gradient change. With the current evidence we believe that all epithelial thickness changes, even those described by Kanellopoulos and Asimellis, could be explained by a change in the curvature gradient. We would like to divide the categorical evidence into Clinical, Cell Morphology, Modelling, and Real Life.
Stanley Nattel Consequence , or Innocent Bystander ? Channel Abnormalities : Cause , 2 + Ionic Determinants of Atrial Fibrillation and Ca

Consequence, or Innocent Bystander? Channel Abnormalities : Cause, 2+ Ionic Determinants of Atrial Fibrillation and Ca Print ISSN: 0009-7330. Online ISSN: 1524-4571 Copyright © 1999 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/01.RES.85.5. 473 1999;85:473-476 Circ Res. http://circres.ahajournals. org/content/85/5/473 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Programming languages considered as abstract data types

This paper is an investigation of programming languages from the viewpoint of abstract data types. The elements of this abstract data type are programs or program segments and the operators are the grammatical rules of the grammar. Given this framework, the paper explores the algebraic axioms needed to define this programming language abstract data type (pladt).
Assessing the causes and consequences of co-polymerization in amyloid formation

How, and why, different proteins form amyloid fibrils is most often studied in vitro using a single purified protein sequence. However, many amyloid diseases involve co-aggregation of different protein species, including proteins with/without post-translational modifications (e.g., different strains of PrP), proteins of different length (e.g., β2-microglobulin and ΔN6, Aβ40, and Aβ42), sequence variants (e.g., Aβ and AβARC), and proteins from different organisms (e.g., bovine PrP and human PrP). The consequences of co-aggregation of different proteins upon the structure, stability, species transmission and toxicity of the resulting amyloid aggregates is discussed here, including the role of co-aggregation in expanding the repertoire of oligomeric and fibrillar structures and how this can affect their biological and biophysical properties.
Unified model for quasar absorption line systems

We propose a three component model consisting of minihalos and galactic halos with embedded thin discs for absorbers producing all the observed classes of intervening quasar absorption line systems. We show that this model, based on CDM cosmology, can explain most of the observed statistical distributions of various types of absorption systems. Use of the Schechter luminosity function for absorbers, on the other hand, is consistent with the observations only if the number of galaxies was larger in the past and reduced with time due to mergers. A strong chemical evolution in the halos of galaxies is indicated by the observed properties of CIV lines. We discuss our results in the light of recent observations of the absorption line systems.
Compositional reasoning about events in Interval TemporalLogic

Constantly increasing complexity of computer systems poses big challenges for designers. Extensive testing has proven ineffective and inappropriate [8]. Model Checking [9] and HOL [10] have been proposed and successfully used in the designing process especially in problem areas as real-time, safety-critical and reactive systems. There are several other formal frameworks available, like CSP [11] for example, but the choice of ITL as a underlying specification language was due to the following reasons; it is imple, flexibleand has anexecutable subset giving the basis for both formal proof of the validity of the system design as well as simulation, animation and rapid prototyping in TEMPURA [3, 7]. The paper presents a unifiedmodel of a computer system providing a specification language for formal codesign and shows that with a proper interpretation and definition of events, ITL can be successfully used as an event-reasoning notation, in spite of being a state-based and discrete formalism.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein for the Healing of Tibial Fracture: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Purpose To review the evidence from RCTs on clinical outcomes and benefit of acute tibial fracture and nonunion treated with and without BMPs. Material We searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMABSE, BIOSIS and Cochrane central) as well as reference lists of articles and contacted authors. Evaluated outcomes included union rate, revision rate, hardware failure and infection. The weighted and standard mean difference (WMD and SMD) or the relative risk (RR) was calculated for continuous or dichotomous data respectively. The quality of the trial was assessed, and meta-analyses were performed with the Cochrane Collaboration’s REVMAN 5.0 software. Results Eight RCTs involving 1113 patients were included. For acute tibial fracture, BMP group was associated with a higher rate of union (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.30) and a lower rate of revision (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.85) compared with control group. No significant differences were found in rate of hardware failure and infection. The pooled RR for achieving union for tibial fracture nonunion was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.13). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of revision (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.13 to 1.85) and infection (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.02). Conclusion Study on acute tibial fractures suggests that BMP is more effective that controls, for bone union and for decreasing the rate of surgical revision to achieve union. For the treatment of tibial fracture nonunion, BMP leads to similar results to as autogenous bone grafting. Finally, well-designed RCTs of BMP for tibial fracture treatment are also needed.
Immunological Features of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Induced by Indoor Pollution and Cigarette Smoke

1 Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 2 Department of Immunology, Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center and National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 3 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.