Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Causal Effect of Community Hospitals on General Hospital Admissions. Evaluation of a Natural Experiment Using Register Data

Background: To reduce overall healthcare costs, several countries have attempted to shift services from specialist to primary care. This was also the main strategy of the Coordination Reform introduced in Norway in 2012. An important part of the reform was the introduction of Municipal Acute Wards (MAWs), a type of community hospital aimed at reducing admissions to general hospitals. The main objective of this paper is to investigate whether the implementation of MAWs had a causal effect on hospital admissions. Methods: Monthly admission rates in total and by age groups for patients admitted with acute or elective conditions at internal medicine or surgical departments were analyzed using panel data regression techniques. We identified causal effects by exploiting the sequential roll out of the MAWs within fixed effect analyses. Our data covered all municipalities from start of 2010 until the end of 2017. Results: The sequential implementation of the MAWs started during the summer of 2012. By the beginning of 2016 close to all municipalities had an operative MAW. The introduction of MAWs significantly reduced acute hospital admissions. The effect was strongest for patients ≥80 years admitted acutely to internal medicine departments. The effects were even stronger if the MAW had a physician on site 24/7 or was located close to a local emergency center. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that this type of intermediate care unit is a viable option to alleviate the burden on hospitals by reducing acute secondary care admission volumes.
Direct Determination of the Gas-Solid Interface Reaction Products of Melatonin with Ozone by Laser-Induced Acoustic Desorption – Mass Spectrometry (LIAD-MS)

Abstract Melatonin is a potent defensive molecule against oxidative damage. The knowledge of the interaction between melatonin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is important for understanding antioxidant mechanisms. However, direct observation of reaction products of melatonin with ozone (a reactive oxygen species) in vitro is absent. In this paper, a simple and rapid method using a laser-induced acoustic desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LIAD-TOFMS) is reported to characterize the reaction products of melatonin with ozone at the gas-solid interface. The advantage of this approach is the direct analysis of the products without secondary treatment. A series of oxidation products were observed, including primary hydroxymelatonin (HO-MLT), N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenin (AFMK), and secondary (N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenin, AMK). Another significant finding is two pathways for the reaction of melatonin with ozone in vitro. These results demonstrate a novel strategy for the direct determination of reaction products at the gas-solid interface.
Luhn's Point of View: Median-Based Term Weighting Schemes

In this study we replace the TF component of the TFxIDF term weighting method with a parameter derived from Luhn’s claim on term importance. Luhn claims that the words with the mid frequencies are the most important ones, and the importance of a word fall as the frequency of the word increases or decreases. We take the median frequency of the words in a document as the base and assess the importance of a word by the difference between its frequency and the median frequency. The weighting functions are varied by two normalization approaches as using median itself and standard deviation of medians and tested on TREC-6 through TREC-8 adhoc tracks. The experimental results of the weightings using median itself, perform better retrieval than basic TFxIDF and BM25 with respect to MAP and R-P measures.
WavDepressionNet: Automatic Depression Level Prediction via Raw Speech Signals

Physiological reports have confirmed that there are differences in speech signals between depressed and healthy individuals. Therefore, as an application in the field of affective computing, automatic depression level prediction through speech signals has received the attention of researchers, which often estimate the depression severity of individuals by the Fourier or Mel spectrograms of speech signals. However, some studies on speech emotion recognition suggest that directly modeling the raw speech signal is more helpful for extracting emotion-related information. Inspired by this fact, we develop a WavDepressionNet to model raw speech signals for the improvement of prediction accuracy. In our method, a representation block is proposed to find a set of basis vectors to construct the optimal transformation space and generate the transformation result (named Depression Feature Map, DFM) of speech signal for facilitating the perception of depression cues. We further propose an assessment block, which cannot only use the designed spatiotemporal self-calibration mechanism to calibrate the DFM and highlight the useful elements, but also aggregates the calibrated DFM across various temporal ranges with the dilated convolution. Experimental results on the AVEC 2013 and AVEC 2014 depression databases demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach over previous works.
A New Method for Eliminating Ghost Based on RSS Estimation

A new method for passive cross location based on received signal strength(RSS) is proposed,which can eliminate ghosts under complicated electromagnetic environment.The relationship between array manifold and received signal strength of covariance matrix estimation is derived.Using the high order power of inverse spatial covariance matrix to get noise subspace,the received signal strength is obtained under the condition of known signal directions.From the knowledge of radio prorogation theory,the confidence of each cross location is computed by the relationship between received power and propagation decay.Through this way,the ghosts of cross location are estimated.The simulation results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,which is robust to angle deviation and low SNR.
A Wideband and High-Gain Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for Radio-Frequency Energy Harvesting Applications

A wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) circularly polarized (CP) complementary antenna array is proposed herein for radio-frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) applications. The element is constructed of a CP magneto-electric (ME)-dipole antenna and innovatively introduces the complementary source technique to improve the CP radiation performance. The detailed analyses are provided to elaborate the operating principles of the element. Simulated results for the element reveal an impedance bandwidth of 25.7%, a 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 24.8%, and a gain of 8.7 ± 1.6 dBic over the spectrum. The element shows the stable radiation pattern and wide AR/impedance overlapping bandwidth (33.87–43.15 GHz) for RFEH applications covering the 35-, 37-, and 39-GHz bands. To enhance the gain for practical applications, the element is employed in the design, fabrication, and testing of a planar $4\times $ 4 array fed by a full-corporate substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) network. Measured results indicate that the array achieves an impedance bandwidth of 20.2%, a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 24.3%, and a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 22.8%. Thus, the proposed array features a low profile and excellent performance, which makes it a desirable candidate for mmWave RFEH applications.
GC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Herbal Medicines

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic contaminants that have a highly carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to determine 8 PAHs in 51 herbal medicines (HMs) using gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Liquid––liquid extraction and florisil SPE cartridge purification were basically adopted for pretreatment. For the samples containing essential oil, starch grain, etc., N,N-dimethyl formamide/water mixture (9:1, v/v) was added in the extraction step. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) conditions were newly obtained by the infusion of reference solutions of the targeted compounds at a concentration of 100 ng/mL into the GC-MS/MS system used in this study. The 51 items were classified according to whether or not they contained essential oil. Eight PAHs were not detected in 39 (8.3%) of the 459 samples monitored. The total content of 8 PAHs ranged from 0.45 μg/kg in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma to 270.94 μg/kg in Zingiberis Rhizoma. The average content of those ranged from 0.9 μg/kg in Araliae Continentalis Radix to 110.8 μg/kg in Coptidis Rhizoma Preparata cum Vinum. The results of this study prove that the proposed method is useful for determining 8 PAHs in HMs.
A high order spectral method and its application to nonlinear water waves

High order spectral method is an efficient technique in water wave computation,which is based on potential superposition of component waves and FFT algorithm.The numerical scheme is applied to a number of wave and wave train configuration including longwave-shortwave dispersive focusing and the instability of Stokes wave with finite slope.The results are consistent with those obtained in other studies.
Human Observers Are Accurate in Judging Personal Relationships in Real-life Settings: A Methodological Tool for Human Observational Research

One limitation of the naturalistic observation method is that it is understudied how accurately personal relationships may be judged by observers in real-life settings. To assess this judgment accuracy, we observed 285 dyads of individuals in public places and then asked whether they were affiliated or strangers. We found that human observers were very accurate in judging peoples’ actual personal relationships. Moreover, several nonverbal cues, including direct interaction and age similarities, were identified as correlates of affiliation. We conclude that researchers may accurately judge personal relationships from nonverbal observational data and recommend that this should be utilized as a methodological tool in naturalistic observational studies.
Manipulation cohérente de qubits de spin dans une boîte quantique triple

par Louis Gaudreau thèse présentée au département de physique en vue de l'obtention du grade de docteurès sciences (Ph. Le , le jury a accepté le mémoire de M. Gaudreau dans sa version finale. iii Sommaire Nous présentons dans cette thèse uné etude détaillée du moment magnétique in-trinsèque de l'´ electron, i.e. le spinélectronique, incluant la manipulation quantique co-hérente desétats de spin de troisélectrons couplés. ` A cette fin, nous utilisons des boˆıtes quantiques latérales pour confiner lesélectrons. Ces nano-structures, d'une grandeur au-tour de 1 µm, permettent de confiner un nombre précis d'´ electrons de façon contrôlée, allant jusqu'` a zéró electrons. Les développements technologiques et d'ingéniosité durant ladernì ere décennie ont permis de coupler trois boˆıtes quantiques, ainsi l'interaction entre plusieursélectrons confinés peutêtre contrôlée comme par exemple le couplage quantique tunnel et l'interaction d'´ echange entre les spins de chacun d'entre eux. ` A l'aide de boˆıtes quantiques couplées, il est possible de réaliser des expériences dans plusieurs domaines de la physique moderne : lesétats up et down du spin desélectrons confinés peuventêtre utilisées commé etats quantiques binaires (qubits) dans le domaine de l'informa-tique quantique, la non-localité quantique peutêtre testée en séparant spatialement deuxélectrons enchevêtrés, il est possible de créer des 'courants de spin enchevêtrés' utiles en spintronique, et bien d'autres. La manipulation cohérente desétats de spin du systèmè a troisélectrons se fait de façon purementélectrique grâcè a des pulsesà haute fréquence qui permettent d'aug-menter le couplage entre lesélectrons et de faire la mesure de l'´ etat résultant après la manipulation. Nous utilisons l'interaction hyperfine entre les spins desélectrons et ceux des noyaux du cristal dans lequel ils résident pour créer les rotations quantiques entre lesétats, notamment lesétats |Q +3/2 et |D +1/2. Les résultats obtenus indiquent un temps de cohérence de l'ordre de 10 ns. Ces expériences démontrent un niveau de contrôle sans précédant de boˆıtes quantiques triples et pavent la voie vers des nano-structures plus sophistiquées dans lesquelles un plus grand nombre de qubits peuventêtre couplés. Liste des figures x Introduction
mTORC1/ERK1/2 Interplay Regulates Protein Synthesis and Survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines

Simple Summary Tumor cell survival depends on the inter-connected activation of multiple pathways. Here, we show that acute myeloid leukemia cell lines benefit from an important inter-play between mTORC1-ERK and AKT, explaining why mTOR inhibition is rather ineffective in killing those cells. In fact, ERK1/2 activation, caused by the inhibition of the mTORC1-P70S6K dependent inhibitory loop, did not allow an efficient killing of AML cell lines. However, even ERK1/2 inhibition, together with that of mTORC1, caused a partial dephosphorylation of 4EBP1, a mTORC1 target, depending on AKT activation. Notably, AKT inhibition resulted in ERK1/2 activation. Thus, the concomitant inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT caused a stronger 4EBP1 de-phosphorylation and was required to induce a more efficient cytotoxicity. Abstract mTOR is constitutively activated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, as indicated by the phosphorylation of its substrates, 4EBP1 and P70S6K. Here, we found that quercetin (Q) and rapamycin (Rap) inhibited P70S6K phosphorylation, partially dephosphorylated 4EBP1, and activated ERK1/2 in U937 and THP1, two leukemia cell lines. ERK1/2 inhibition by U0126 induced a stronger dephosphorylation of mTORC1 substrates and activated AKT. The concomitant inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT further dephosphorylated 4EBP1 and further increased Q- or Rap-mediated cytotoxicity, compared to the single ERK1/2 or AKT inhibition in cells undergoing Q- or Rap-treatments. Moreover, quercetin or rapamycin reduced autophagy, particularly when used in combination with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126. This effect was not dependent on TFEB localization in nuclei or cytoplasm or on the transcription of different autophagy genes, but did correlate with the reduction in protein translation due to a strong eIF2α-Ser51 phosphorylation. Thus, ERK1/2, by limiting 4EBP1 de-phosphorylation and eIF2α phosphorylation, behaves as a paladin of protein synthesis. Based on these findings, the combined inhibition of mTORC1, ERK1/2, and AKT should be considered in treatment of AML.
Columbite SN3: A New Potential Reference Material for U‐Pb Dating by LA‐ICP‐MS

Columbite‐tantalite LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating is a fast and useful method to determine the age of rare‐metal deposits and fingerprint the provenance of columbite‐tantalite ore concentrates. Accurate LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating requires matrix‐matched reference materials. We analysed three columbite‐tantalite samples (SN3, HND and RL2) from China using ID‐TIMS and LA‐ICP‐MS to assess their potential as reference materials for in situ U‐Pb dating. Coltan 139 and these three columbite‐tantalite samples with variable compositions yielded internally consistent LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb ages when using each other for calibration and the weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages are comparable to respective ID‐TIMS ages. Composition‐dependent U‐Pb fractionation seems to be insignificant under the LA‐ICP‐MS conditions used. Sample SN3 has a low percentage of heterogeneity for 206Pb/238U ages (4%) with low common Pb contributions (f206 < 1%) and shows a good potential in calibrating unknown samples as primary reference material for LA‐ICP‐MS analysis. Samples RL2 and HND have altered sections characterised by high LREE contents, flat LREE patterns and old 206Pb/238U apparent ages, and are not suited as reference materials. The low 207Pb/206Pb intercepts for samples RL2 and HND lack geological meaning but provide strong evidence that the disturbed U‐Pb systematics with anomalous apparent 206Pb/238U ages is a secondary feature.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with selective mutism

Abstract Background Selective mutism (SM) is an anxiety disorder that often starts in early years with serious and lasting consequences. Nonpharmacological interventions are commonly seen as the preferred first treatment. This systematic review identifies outcome measures used and outcomes achieved for nonpharmacological interventions for children and adolescents with SM. Methods Systematic searches were conducted using 13 electronic databases and hand searches, including peer‐reviewed and grey literature since 1992. Results Twenty‐five studies were identified. While specific measures varied, all studies reported an outcome measure for speaking behaviour and 18 used a measure of anxiety. Few studies reported measures of SM remission (k = 6), well‐being (k = 6), academic impact (k = 2), or quality of life (k = 1). Within subject outcomes for nonpharmacological interventions were variable for improvements in speaking behaviours (very small to large positive effects) and reduction in anxiety symptoms (very small negative to large positive effects). Only five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta‐analysis. Three studies compared a combined systems/behavioural approach with waitlist controls indicating a significant and large effect (Hedges g = 1.06, p < .0001, 95% CI: 0.57–1.56) on improved speaking behaviour. Two of these RCTs showed a large effect for SM remission favouring the intervention (Risk Ratio = 4.25, p = .1774, 95% CI: 0.52–34.84) but this did not reach statistical significance. Non‐significant outcomes for two RCTs with active controls (Hedges g = 0.55, p < .2885, 95% CI: −0.47 to 1.57) showed considerable heterogeneity in approach and outcomes, one with large and one with negligible effects. Conclusion Despite the considerable impairment caused by SM, there has been little systematic evaluation of non‐pharmacological interventions. Although combined systems/behavioural interventions are promising, further systematic evaluations are urgently needed to inform treatment approaches. Cross‐study measurement harmonisation is required to promote learning from all studies, including wider clinical and economic outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration Not applicable.
Semantic plausibility preferentially affects the semantic preview benefit in Chinese reading: evidence from an eye-movement study

Background Numerous studies have confirmed that skilled readers can benefit from a semantically related preview word (i.e., semantic preview benefit, SPB), suggesting that readers can extract semantic information from the parafovea to achieve efficient reading. It is still under debate whether the occurrence of this benefit is because of the semantic association between the preview and target words or because of the contextual fit of the preview word in the sentence context. Methods Two independent factors, preview plausibility (preview plausible/implausible) and semantic relatedness (semantically related/unrelated), were manipulated, and we further strictly controlled for syntactic plausibility in the present study. Results The results showed that the first-pass reading times of the target words were significantly shorter in the plausible preview condition than in the implausible preview condition. However, the main effect of semantic relatedness was found only in the gaze duration measure. Discussion The pattern of results revealed that semantic plausibility affects the semantic preview benefit preferentially in Chinese reading, supporting the contextual fit account. Our findings have implications for a better understanding of parafoveal processing and provide empirical support for the eye-movement control model.
Application of High-order Numerical Manifold Method in Static Analysis

In order to overcome difficulties in deriving expressions of element matrices for the high-order numerical manifold method(NMM) and writing the program,a simple method was presented in this paper for automatically deriving expressions and generating subroutine codes with the help of Mathematica seftware.Two and three dimensional programs of high-order NMM were further developed respectively for static analysis by using this new method.Some examples were given to analyze the precision and the adaptability of NMM.
Time-domain full-field optical coherence tomography (TD-FF-OCT) in ophthalmic imaging

Ocular imaging plays an irreplaceable role in the evaluation of eye diseases. Developing cellular-resolution ophthalmic imaging technique for more accurate and effective diagnosis and pathogenesis analysis of ocular diseases is a hot topic in the cross-cutting areas of ophthalmology and imaging. Currently, ocular imaging with traditional optical coherence tomography (OCT) is limited in lateral resolution and thus can hardly resolve cellular structures. Conventional OCT technology obtains ultra-high resolution at the expense of a certain imaging range and cannot achieve full field of view imaging. In the early years, Time-domain full-field OCT (TD-FF-OCT) has been mainly used for ex vivo ophthalmic tissue studies, limited by the low speed and low full-well capacity of existing two-dimensional (2D) cameras. The recent improvements in system design opened new imaging possibilities for in vivo applications thanks to its distinctive optical properties of TD-FF-OCT such as a spatial resolution almost insensitive to aberrations, and the possibility to control the curvature of the optical slice. This review also attempts to look at the future directions of TD-FF-OCT evolution, for example, the potential transfer of the functional-imaging dynamic TD-FF-OCT from the ex vivo into in vivo use and its expected benefit in basic and clinical ophthalmic research. Through non-invasive, wide-field, and cellular-resolution imaging, TD-FF-OCT has great potential to be the next-generation imaging modality to improve our understanding of human eye physiology and pathology.
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan

monitored intensively to protect the forest left in this area. One indicator of the occurrence of forest or land fires can be known by the appearance of hotspots over the land area. As an effort to overcome forest or land fires, this study utilizes hotspot data (latitude, longitude, brightness temperature, fire radiative power, and confidence) to find out the area that has a hotspot and classifying hotspot data into three potential fires (low risk, medium risk, and high risk). This study succeeded to implement the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method for classifying hotspot data. The results of this study indicate that the SVM method can be used in the process of classifying hotspot data on Papua Island for three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) with the results obtained are being potential fires. There are 2,214 hotspot data included in the category of low risk; 15,412 hotspots in medium risk; and 4,479 fire hotspots in high-risk potential. Furthermore, this research also found that the highest number of hotspot occurrences was in the month of October and the lowest number was in the month of January for each year of analysis. This research mapped the spatial position of hotspots occurrences based on the rate of risk over Papua island that showed the most occurrences of fire hotspots was in the South part of Papua (Merauke City, Tolikara City, and Puncak Jaya City). Finally, this research produces 91.475% truth values for the Polynomial Kernel testing technique and 93.667% in the Confusion Matrix as a validation process.