Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das Genter System der Arbeitslosenversicherung - immer noch gewerkschaftliches Rekrutierungsinstrument oder sozialpolitisches Auslaufmodell?

Zusammenfassung Das ‚Genter System’ einer freiwilligen, gewerkschaftsnahen Arbeitslosenversicherung wird oft als ein wesentlicher Grund für den hohen und stabilen gewerkschaftlichen Organisationsgrad in nordischen Ländern erachtet. Da Gewerkschaften und Arbeitslosenversicherung jedoch formal unabhängig sind, stellt sich die Frage, wie dieser Zusammenhang konkret entsteht. Dieser Artikel beschreibt und analysiert jene Aspekte der schwedischen und dänischen Arbeitslosenversicherung, die die Attraktivität der freiwilligen Mitgliedschaft in einer Arbeitslosenkasse begründen und darüber hinaus die vergleichsweise teure Variante einer doppelten Mitgliedschaft in Gewerkschaft und Kasse nahe legen. Abschließend werden potentiell bestandsgefährdende als auch stabilisierende Faktoren und Entwicklungen in den beiden Untersuchungsländern diskutiert.
Non-Invasive Vein Detection Method using Infrared Light

This research aims at studying the feasibility to use Near Infrared Light (NIR) as a method to detect veins in a non-invasive procedure. The research is based on the construction of an artificial vision system which captures an image through a CMOS optical sensor to outline and see the venous network mesh. The acquired image is then processed and optimized using Matlab software to emphasize areas of interest and to eliminate unnecessary information. The project also includes a stage in which the image obtained is projected over the patients' skin, obtaining an artificial visualization of the venous network. The results set the bases for future research and potential applications in the field of health.
Monopolistic Competition, Relative Prices and Output Adjustment in the Open Economy

The purpose of this paper is to explain price and output dynamics in an open economy characterized by a monopolistic competitive market structure in which pricing decisions incur costs. That lead producers to pre-set the price path for several periods. The paper derives an optimal pricing rule, including the optimal pre-setting horizon. It does so for a rational expectation equilibrium, characterized by staggered, unsynchronized price setting, for which the degree of staggering is endogenously determined. The discussion focuses on the critical role of the degree of domestic-foreign goods substitutability in explaining price and output effects of monetary and real shocks.
Secure Multidata Owner K-NN Query Processing on Road Networks using Voronoi Network

Mobile devices with geo-positioning capabilities (e.g., GPS) enable users to access information that is relevant to their present location. Users are interested in querying about points of interest (POI) in their physical proximity, such as restaurants, cafes, ongoing events, etc. With the everincreasing use of smart phones and tablet devices, location-based services (LBSs) have experienced explosive growth in the past few years. To scale up services, there has been a rising trend of outsourcing data management to Cloud service providers, which provide query services to clients on behalf of data owners. However, in this data-outsourcing model, the service provider can be untrustworthy or compromised, thereby returning incorrect or incomplete query results to clients, intentionally or not. In this paper, we propose a family of techniques that allow processing of NN queries in an untrusted outsourced environment, while at the same time protecting both the POI and querying users’ positions. Our techniques rely on mutable order preserving encoding (mOPE), the only secure orderpreserving encryption method known to-date. We also provide performance optimizations to decrease the computational cost inherent to processing on encrypted data, and we consider the case of incrementally updating datasets. We present an extensive performance evaluation of our techniques to illustrate their viability in practice. Unlike previous work that verifies k-nearest-neighbor results in the Euclidean space, our approach needs to verify both the distances and the shortest paths from the query point to its kNN results on the road network. We evaluate our approach on real-world road networks together with both real and synthetic points of interest datasets. Our experiments on communicate with the service provider through wireless connections. The experiment results show that our approach leads to compact verification objects (VO) and the verification algorithm on mobile devices is efficient, especially for queries with low selectivity.
A Time-Space Network Approach for the Integrated Vehicle- and Crew-Scheduling Problem with Multiple Depots

This paper discusses the integrated vehicle-and crew-scheduling problem in public transit with multiple depots. It is well known that the integration of both planning steps discloses additional flexibility that can lead to gains in efficiency, compared to sequential planning. We present a new modeling approach that is based on a time-space network representation of the underlying vehicle-scheduling problem. The integrated problem is solved with column generation in combination with Lagrangian relaxation. The column generation subproblem is modeled as a resource-constrained shortest-path problem based on a novel time-space network formulation. Feasible solutions are generated by a heuristic branch-and-price method that involves fixing service trips to depots. Numerical results show that our approach outperforms other methods from the literature for well-known test problems.
Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between television watching, energy intake, physical activity, and obesity status in US boys and girls, aged 8 to 16 years. METHODS We used a nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and a medical examination, which included measurements of height and weight, daily hours of television watching, weekly participation in physical activity, and a dietary interview. Between 1988 and 1994, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected data on 4069 children. Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic blacks were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity is lowest among children watching 1 or fewer hours of television a day, and highest among those watching 4 or more hours of television a day. Girls engaged in less physical activity and consumed fewer joules per day than boys. A higher percentage of non-Hispanic white boys reported participating in physical activity 5 or more times per week than any other race/ethnic and sex group. Television watching was positively associated with obesity among girls, even after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, family income, weekly physical activity, and energy intake. CONCLUSIONS As the prevalence of overweight increases, the need to reduce sedentary behaviors and to promote a more active lifestyle becomes essential. Clinicians and public health interventionists should encourage active lifestyles to balance the energy intake of children.
Association of serum brain derived neurotropic factor with duration of drug-naive period and positive-negative symptom scores in drug naive schizophrenia

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the serum brain derived neurotropic factor (BNDF) levels of patients with schizophrenia who had never received an antipsychotic treatment with those of a control group. Also, to analyze the relationship between the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) scores and BDNF levels of the patients during the period they were drug-naive. Materials and methods The sample of the study comprised patients who presentedto the Psychiatry Clinic and were admitted after a distinctive schizophrenia diagnosis was made in accordance with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) diagnosis classification and who were not using and never had any antipsychotic medicine. A total of 160 participants were included in the study, 80 of whom had schizophrenia patients and 80 constituted the age- and sex-matched healthy control group. Before the start of the treatment, the serum samples to be checked for the BDNF levels were collected from the patients. Results The difference between the average BDNF levels of the groups were statistically significant (t = -5.25; p˂.001). An analysis as to whether there was a relation between the BDNF levels and the drug-naïve duration indicated no correlations. An examination of the relationship between PANSS scores and BDNF levels of the patients yielded no correlations. Discussion Serum BDNF levels seem to be one of the indicators of schizophrenia and its progress; nevertheless, we still do not have sufficient information about this neurotropic factor. In light of our study, the neurodevelopmental changes that occur at disease onset of the illness prominently affect the progress of the illness, which highlights the importance of the treatment in the early stages.
The solar ultraviolet B radiation protection provided by shading devices with regard to its diffuse component

Background: The composition of the incident solar global ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation with regard to its beam and diffuse radiation fractions is highly relevant with regard to outdoor sun protection. This is especially true with respect to sun protection during leisure‐time outdoor sun exposure at the shore and pools, where people tend to escape the sun under shade trees or different types of shading devices, e.g., umbrellas, overhangs, etc., believing they offer protection from the erythemal solar radiation. The degree of sun protection offered by such devices is directly related to the composition of the solar global UVB radiation, i.e., its beam and diffuse fractions.
Women Entrepreneurs in the Gambia: Challenges and Opportunities

This article reviews the literature on women entrepreneurs in developing countries and presents evidence from a case study undertaken during 2001 and 2002 in Gambia examining the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the small enterprise sector. The article attempt to discuss the gendered nature of the barriers to survival and growth, particularly the low productivity of sectors in which women entrepreneurs operate, the difficulty in accessing capital for expansion and the need to reconcile business with domestic activities and the propensity to view business as part of an overall livelihood diversification strategy. The article argues that further to addressing specific gender needs of women entrepreneurs, policy and support mechanisms must be sensitive to and geared towards both enterprises with potential and aspirations for growth and diversification and those whose primary objective is that of sustaining livelihoods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical prior based low complexity recovery for compressed image sensing

In this paper, a low complexity yet high performance recovery method coupling with the separable image sensing encoder is proposed, by exploring the statistical prior of image representations in the wavelet domain. Specifically, the energy distribution of natural images in the wavelet domain is investigated and found to be well characterized by an exponential decay model, which is then used as statistical priori information during the recovery algorithm design. The recovery process is composed of two steps, where the row-wise (or column-wise) intermediates and column-wise (or row-wise) final results are reconstructed sequentially. During each step of the recovery, the reconstruction is constrained to conform with the statistical prior by introducing a weight matrix. Two recovery strategies with different levels of complexity are designed, named the one-time direct recovery (OTD) and the two-times iterative recovery (TTI). The OTD strategy focuses on extremely fast recovery speed, with same weight matrixes for the two steps. While for the TTI strategy, the weight matrix for the second step will be iteratively refined, aiming to achieve more accurate recovery results. Extensive simulations have been conducted, and results show that the proposed recovery method with OTD strategy can achieve much faster recovery speed than traditional methods, and at the same time, the recovery quality is better; recovery with TTI strategy can achieve the best recovery quality at the expense of slight degradation in recovery speed, yet still faster than the traditional methods.
Housing, Wealth Effects, and Monetary Policy

Abstract This paper examines the role that wealth effects on labour supply play in a two-sector sticky-price model that includes non-durables and housing. Careful analysis of a two-sector sticky-price model reveals that whether there are wealth effects on labour supply fundamentally changes the nature of the model in a way that has not been fully appreciated. In the presence of wealth effects on labour supply, as Barsky et al. study demonstrate, the pricing of housing is central to the behaviour of the model, whereas price rigidity in the non-durable goods sector is much less important. In the absence of these wealth effects, by contrast, the behaviour of the model depends critically on whether the non-durable goods, not the new housing, themselves have sticky prices.
Agency Costs and the Short‐Run Stock Price Response to Capital Expenditures

We estimate the short‐run stock price response to unanticipated capital expenditures. We use association study methodology to avoid the self‐selection bias in event studies and to facilitate construction of a large sample of firm‐years likely to exhibit agency problems. We find that the average price response to routine capital expenditures is negative, and that commonly used agency cost measures explain fully the negative response. Subsample results support the conclusion that the market is skeptical of cash flow financed spending by low‐q firms and even capital spending by high‐q firms when the firm is large and q is only marginally high.
Vertex Operators for the Supermembrane and Background Field Matrix Theory

We derive the vertex operators that are expected to govern the emission of the massless d=11 supermultiplet from the supermembrane in the light cone gauge. Our results immediately imply the linear coupling of matrix theory to an arbitrary supergravity background to all orders in anticommuting coordinates. Finally we address the definition of n-point tree level and one-loop scattering amplitudes. The resulting 3-point tree level amplitudes turn out to agree with d=11 supergravity and are completely fixed by supersymmetry and the existence of a normalizable ground state.
Osteoblast Apoptosis and Bone Turnover

With the discoveries of different death mechanisms, an emerging definition of apoptosis is the process of cell death associated with caspase activation or caspase‐mediated cell death. This definition accepts that caspases represent the final common mechanistic pathway in apoptosis. Apoptosis may be triggered either by activation events that target mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum or by activation of cell surface “death receptors,” for example, those in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. In the postnatal and adult skeleton, apoptosis is integral to physiological bone turnover, repair, and regeneration. The balance of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis determines the size of the osteoblast population at any given time. Although apoptosis has been recorded in many studies of bone, the selective mechanisms invoked in the different models studied rarely have been identified. This review offers a broad overview of the current general concepts and controversies in apoptosis research and then considers specific examples of osteoblast apoptosis pertinent to skeletal development and to the regulation of bone turnover. In reviewing selected work on interdigital apoptosis in the developing skeleton, we discuss the putative roles of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Msx2, RAR‐γ, and death inducer obliterator 1 (DIO‐1). In reviewing factors regulating apoptosis in the postnatal skeleton, we discuss roles of cytokines, growth factors, members of the TNF pathway, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, the paradoxical effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on osteoblast apoptosis in vivo are considered in the perspective of a recent hypothesis speculating that this may be a key mechanism to explain the anabolic effects of the hormone. An improved understanding of the apoptotic pathways and their functional outcomes in bone turnover and fracture healing may facilitate development of more targeted therapeutics to control bone balance in patients with osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases.
Financial Restatements, Cost of Debt and Information Spillover: Evidence from the Secondary Loan Market

In this paper, we investigate the effect of financial restatements on the debt market. Specifically, we focus on the secondary loan market, which has become one of the largest capital markets in the US, and ask the following: (1) whether financial restatements increase restating firm's cost of debt financing and (2) whether the information about restatements arrives at the secondary loan market earlier than at the stock market? Using 176 restatement data, we find significant negative abnormal loan returns and increased bid-ask spreads around restatement announcements. Furthermore, this negative loan market reaction is more pronounced when the restatement is initiated by either the SEC or auditors, and when the primary reason for restatement is related to revenue recognition issues. Additionally, we find restatement information arrives at the secondary loan market earlier than at the equity market, and that such private information quickly flows into the equity market. We also show that stock prices begin to decline approximately 30 days prior to the restatement announcements for firms with traded loans. However, we do not find such informational leakage for firms without traded loans. Collectively, the results of this paper suggest: (1) increased cost of debt financing after restatements and (2) superior informational efficiency of the secondary loan market to the stock market. Copyright (c) 2009 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Plasma Membrane Proteomics and Its Application in Clinical Cancer Biomarker Discovery*

Plasma membrane proteins that are exposed on the cell surface have important biological functions, such as signaling into and out of the cells, ion transport, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression level of many of the plasma membrane proteins involved in these key functions is altered on cancer cells, and these proteins may also be subject to post-translational modification, such as altered phosphorylation and glycosylation. Additional protein alterations on cancer cells confer metastatic capacities, and some of these cell surface proteins have already been successfully targeted by protein drugs, such as human antibodies, that have enhanced survival of several groups of cancer patients. The combination of novel analytical approaches and subcellular fractionation procedures has made it possible to study the plasma membrane proteome in more detail, which will elucidate cancer biology, particularly metastasis, and guide future development of novel drug targets. The technical advances in plasma membrane proteomics and the consequent biological revelations will be discussed herein. Many of the advances have been made using cancer cell lines, but because the main goal of this research is to improve individualized treatment and increase cancer patient survival, further development is crucial to direct analysis of clinically relevant patient samples. These efforts include optimized specimen handling and preparation as well as improved proteomics platforms. Identification of potentially useful proteomics-based biomarkers must be validated in larger, well defined retrospective and prospective clinical studies, and these combined efforts should result in identification of biomarkers that will greatly improve early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response.
One modification to the Yakhot-Orszag calculation in the renormalization-group theory of turbulence.

In the calculation of the Kolmogrov constant, by applying the renormalization-group method to turbulence, Yakhot and Orszag choose \ensuremath{\epsilon}=0 and 4 at different points in the same calculation [J. Sci. Comput. 1, 3 (1986); Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1722 (1986); Nucl. Phys. B 2, 417 (1987)]. Modifying their calculation for the renormalized viscosity, the Kolmogrov constant that is in agreement with experimental data can be evaluated only by using \ensuremath{\epsilon}=4. Results that make the theory consistent are obtained.
Income inequality and international migration.

This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the impact of international factor movements on the personal distribution of income. It distinguishes between two types of labor (skilled and unskilled) and focuses on the consequences of their migration. There is a simple, yet powerful, relationship between factor flows, the structure of domestic production, and changes in inequality. The effects of labor migration are shown to depend on whether skilled labor and unskilled labor are "friends" or "enemies" in production. The authors conclude with a discussion of the possible impact on inequality of some past and current migrations. Copyright 1992 by Royal Economic Society.
A Test of the Eclectic Paradigm: Evidence from the U.S. Reinsurance Market

This study provides a test of the eclectic paradigm with data from U.S. reinsurers. The U.S. reinsurance industry provides a unique setting to test the eclectic paradigm due to the extensive data available on U.S. reinsurers and the well-developed literature related to reinsurance. The ability to test the hypotheses related to the eclectic paradigm in a service industry and incorporate industry-specific factors adds to the eclectic paradigm literature which has traditionally focused primarily on manufacturing firms. In addition, the application of the eclectic paradigm to the reinsurance industry provides an empirical framework that combines several prior streams of literature which examine the reinsurer's decision to internationalize. The current study includes firm-specific factors, country-specific factors of the international markets, and factors related to the U.S. reinsurance industry. This article finds support for traditional factors impacting globalization such as host market size, loss experience, and competitiveness as well as reinsurer's ability to expand based on available capacity. Understanding the importance of firm-, country-, and industry-specific factors is key for managers, as analyzing these issues in isolation may lead to an incomplete picture of the factors impacting the internationalization decision, hindering managers' ability to make decisions that are in the best interest of the firm. With the continued interdependence of the world reinsurance marketplace, as well as the recent expansion of the European Union, internationalization issues are of critical importance not only to U.S. insurers, reinsurers, and regulators, but also to their global counterparts.