Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional measurement method based on the singular operator and the shortest path search technique

Coded structured light plays a crucial role in the field of non-contact three-dimensional measurement. To improve the accuracy, we propose a novel method based on shortest path search and edge and central singular operator, which is able to detect the edge of Gray code and locate its line shift fringes more accurately. Starting from the patterns of the Gray code edge and the center of the line shift strip, we develop the corresponding singular operators and hence the cost function. The Euler distance is used as the distance condition for the adjacent key points, which are located by the fast-marching algorithm. We propose a method to compute the graph with minimum energy by finding the shortest path. The shortest path was automatically calculated and found both the edge of the Gray code and the center of the bar stripe accurately.
Predicting alveolar ventilation heterogeneity in pulmonary fibrosis using a non-uniform polyhedral spring network model

Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a deadly disease that has limited treatment options and is caused by excessive deposition and cross-linking of collagen leading to stiffening of the lung parenchyma. The link between lung structure and function in PF remains poorly understood, although its spatially heterogeneous nature has important implications for alveolar ventilation. Computational models of lung parenchyma utilize uniform arrays of space-filling shapes to represent individual alveoli, but have inherent anisotropy, whereas actual lung tissue is isotropic on average. We developed a novel Voronoi-based 3D spring network model of the lung parenchyma, the Amorphous Network, that exhibits more 2D and 3D similarity to lung geometry than regular polyhedral networks. In contrast to regular networks that show anisotropic force transmission, the structural randomness in the Amorphous Network dissipates this anisotropy with important implications for mechanotransduction. We then added agents to the network that were allowed to carry out a random walk to mimic the migratory behavior of fibroblasts. To model progressive fibrosis, agents were moved around the network and increased the stiffness of springs along their path. Agents migrated at various path lengths until a certain percentage of the network was stiffened. Alveolar ventilation heterogeneity increased with both percent of the network stiffened, and walk length of the agents, until the percolation threshold was reached. The bulk modulus of the network also increased with both percent of network stiffened and path length. This model thus represents a step forward in the creation of physiologically accurate computational models of lung tissue disease.
Association of plasma propionate concentration with coronary artery disease in a large cross-sectional study

Background Microbiome has been linked to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) but data providing direct evidence for an association of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with CAD are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the role of propionate, the most important SCFA in patients with CAD. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study enrolling patients admitted for invasive coronary angiography in two university hospitals in Germany. Patients with known or suspected CAD and risk factors for cardiovascular disease were prospectively recruited. Blood sampling was performed after overnight fasting and before invasive procedures. Measurement of propionate was performed by liquid chromatography. Results The study included 1,253 patients (median [IQR], 67 [58–76] years; 799 men [64%]). A total of 739 had invasively confirmed CAD with at least one coronary artery stenosis ≥50% and 514 had exclusion of CAD. CAD patients had significant lower levels of propionate (median 5.75 μM, IQR, 4.1–7.6) compared to the non-CAD groups 6.53 μM (4.6–8.6, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 0.94 (CI 0.90–0.98, p = 0.002) for propionate as predictor of CAD. The odds ratio was further decreased to 0.45 (CI 0.31–0.65, p < 0.001) when comparing patients in the lowest quartile of propionate with those with higher levels of propionate. Conclusion The study provides large-scale in vivo data for the association of propionate to manifest coronary artery disease, independent of other traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Epidemiological profile of perinatal mental disorders at a tertiary hospital in Yaoundé- Cameroon

In developing countries, 15.6% of pregnant women and 19.8% after childbirth experience a mental disorder. In the absence of data on the situation in Cameroon, we carried out a study to determine the prevalence of perinatal mental illness in this hospital and its risk factors among women in perinatal period and the relationship between both at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital, a reference mother and child hospital. We conducted a hospital-based, cross sectional, observational study. Data was collected using structured and semi-structured interviews. There were six sub-themes covered: participants’ socio-demographic profile, clinical profile, perinatal history, psychopathology aspects with the Mini International Psychiatric Interview, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and the perinatal mental illness risk factors. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel 2010 and transferred to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0 for analysis. Among 194 women who participated in the study, the general prevalence for perinatal mental disorders was 53.6% (104/194), 25.8% among pregnant women and 27.8% among postnatal women. Comorbidities were present in 17.5% of our study population. We observed that 45.8% suffered from depression, 17% had a risk of suicide, 10.3% suffered from perinatal anxiety, 3.1% presented with post-traumatic stress disorder, 3.6% acute stress disorder, 7.7% had adjustment disorder. Concerning risk factors, we found a significant link between depression and severe anxiety before delivery (p < 0.05) and the absence of social support (p = 0.005). We found that women with at least four risk factors were 1.6 times more likely to present with a perinatal mental disorder. The prevalence of perinatal mental disorders at this Hospital is very high. This highlights the need for institutional screening and management of perinatal mental disorders, which suggests that we explore the situation in others and other health facilities in Cameroon.
Acoustic Radiation from a Finite Cylinder

A semianalytic method is presented that can be used to calculate the acoustic radiation in a domain exterior to a source that is vibrating harmonically in time. This method follows the traditional technique of an expansion of the boundary conditions in an infinite series of eigenfunctions and of a least‐squares approximation of this expansion by a finite series of the same functions. For simply connected bodies, such as a finite cylinder, that are not constant coordinate surfaces and for which a complete set of geometrically appropriate eigenfunctions is unavailable, the spherical eigenfunctions are employed as the complete set of eigenfunctions. Farfield patterns produced by radially pulsating cylinders of length equal to twice the diameter have been calculated for ka = 1,2, and 5 and are compared to the calculated farfield patterns of the physically similar situations of a finite‐length line source and a radially pulsating band of finite length on an otherwise inert, infinite cylinder. In addition, the .
Micromagnetic simulation of spin transfer torque switching combined with precessional motion from a hard axis magnetic field

The authors have performed micromagnetic simulations of spin transfer torque (STT) switching, combined with precessional motion induced by a pulsed or static hard axis field. They have found a significant reduction in the current required for STT switching in the presence of precessional motion. In particular, the switching current can be reduced below the zero-temperature threshold current at dc, when the hard axis field exceeds a fourth of the free layer coercivity. The simulations indicate that the critical current reduction arises from the strong STT present when the magnetization nearly passes through the hard axis during the initial few precessional turns.
Remarks on the implementation of the fast marching method

The fast marching method, introduced in Sethian (1996), is an efficient algorithm to compute the discrete solution to the eikonal equation kr T (x)k F(x) = 1, with speed function F. The algorithm is closely related to Dijkstra’s single-source shortest path algorithm and computes the grid solution, starting with the grid points adjacent to the boundary, by traversing the computational domain along increasing values of T . The total complexity of this method is O(N log N), where N denotes the number of grid points. Here the factor log N comes from the administration of a priority queue. Tsitsiklis (1995) independently suggested a similar algorithm. Other than Sethian (1996), the discretization of the eikonal equation in Tsitsiklis (1995) was obtained in the framework of optimal control theory. Moreover, Tsitsiklis showed that a bucket sort technique, together with a slightly different discretization, may be used to compute an approximate solution to the eikonal equation in O(N) time.
Control of Fractional-Order Systems Using Chatter-Free Sliding Mode Approach

The problem of stabilization of nonlinear fractional systems in spite of system uncertainties is investigated in this paper. First, a proper fractional derivative type sliding manifold with desired stability and convergence properties is designed. Then, the fractional stability theory is adopted to derive a robust sliding control law to force the system trajectories to attain the proposed sliding manifold and remain on it evermore. The existence of the sliding motion is mathematically proven. Furthermore, the sign function in the control input, which is responsible to the being of harmful chattering, is transferred into the fractional derivative of the control input. Therefore, the resulted control input becomes smooth and free of the chattering. Some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the efficient performance of the proposed chattering-free fractional variable structure controller.
Cet objet obscur: le trou noir

Advection-dominated accretion flows could be a unique signature of the presence of black holes in various accreting astrophysical systems such as some quiescent transient x-ray sources and low-luminosity nuclei of galaxies. We present the general framework describing such advection-dominated flows around Kerr black holes and point out several problems that remain to be solved.
A three-dimensional isotropic transmission-line metamaterial topology for free-space excitation

This work proposes a three-dimensional isotropic transmission-line metamaterial topology for free-space excitation whose negative-refractive-index properties are validated by full-wave simulation. The topology is based on a physical realization of the symmetrical condensed node of transmission-line matrix modeling, but reverses the positions of the inductive and capacitive lumped elements in order to yield an isotropic negative refractive index and good matching to free space.
Novel light-leaking optical fiber liquid-level sensor for aircraft fuel gauging

Abstract. We present a novel light leaking optical fiber liquid level sensor for aircraft fuel measuring systems that is based on the side-emitting optical fiber. In operation, the fiber is bent as a spiral and inserted into the liquid, then the conducting light in the fiber will be scattered and transformed to be cladding mode and radiation mode. The radiation mode power in the scattering light is determined by the ambient refractive index. Since more power is lost in liquids than in the air, the output power of the sensor will monotonically decrease while the liquid level increases. The fiber is bent as a spiral to increase the sensor’s sensitivity. A laboratory prototype with a range of 1 m, a radius of 14 mm, and a screw pitch of 15 mm has been built and successfully demonstrated in water level measurement. The sensor’s response to liquid level is presented and shown to be consistent with the theory.
Charge yield for cobalt-60 and 10-keV X-ray irradiations of MOS devices

The radiation response of MOS devices exposed to /sup 60/Co and low-energy ( approximately 10 keV) X-ray irradiation is evaluated as a function of electric field during exposure. Improved charge yield estimates are obtained for /sup 60/Co irradiations at fields below 1 MV/cm by matching voltage shifts due to oxide-trap and interface-trap charge to an E/sup -0.55/ electric field dependence. Combining these improved charge yield estimates and calculated dose enhancement factors, the relative response of X-ray to /sup 60/Co irradiations is accurately predicted for oxide electric fields from 0.03 MV/cm to 5.0 MV/cm. The ability to predict the relative response to X-ray to /sup 60/Co irradiations-should speed acceptance of X-ray testers as a hardness assurance tool. >
Prognostic value of Intermountain Risk Score for short- and long-term mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock

Background There is a lack of current research examining the predictive value of the Intermountain Risk Score (IMRS) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) caused by cardiogenic shock. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the ability of IMRS to predict short- and long-term mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock triggered by STEMI. Methods The participants included 492 consecutive cardiogenic shock patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention following STEMI. The patients were separated into two groups depending on their survival status. The groups’ baseline characteristics, laboratory data, echocardiographic variables, and risk assessments were then compared. Next, the IMRS score was tested for its ability to predict both short- and long-term mortality. In order to assess its accuracy, the prognostic value of the IMRS was also compared that of the SYNTAX score II (SSII). Results After adjustment for the characteristics in the univariable study, multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that the IMRS and SSII were both independently associated with short- and long-term mortality in STEMI patients with cardiogenic shock. However, the receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the IMRS outperformed the SSII in terms of predicting both short- and long-term mortality. Conclusion This preliminary investigation showed that IMRS can predict both short- and long-term mortality in individuals with STEMI accompanied by cardiogenic shock.
Training, detraining and retraining effects of moderate vs. high intensity exercise training programme on cardiovascular risk factors

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of 12 weeks of training, 7 weeks of detraining and 16 weeks of retraining using a moderate or high intensity training programme on cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients. Method: Thirty-four patients took part in the study. The intensity training was 80–90% of maximum heart rate for the high-intensity training (HIT) group (n = 15) and at 50–70% of maximum heart rate for the moderate training (MT) group (n = 19). Blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile, fasting glucose, strength and cardiovascular fitness were analysed. Results: The first training period did not decrease blood pressure, but the second training period saw significant decreases in blood pressures in HIT group. Moreover, 12 weeks of MT or HIT did not decrease body mass, body mass index or fat mass. However, after 7 weeks of detraining, the inclusion of a second training period using HIT saw decreases in these body composition variables. Both training periods and intensities improved high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, but only HIT decreased total cholesterol. In addition, after 7 weeks of detraining, the lipid profile variables returned to baseline values. Additionally, 16 weeks of retraining with HIT or MT decreased blood glucose significantly. Moreover, MT and HIT training programmes in both periods improved cardiorespiratory fitness, but with 7 weeks of detraining, it returned to baseline values. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated the effectiveness of the inclusion of a MT or HIT programme as adjuvant therapy in hypertensive patients.
On modal analysis of coupled non-identical optical gradient waveguides

We develop the analysis of a structure formed by two planar gradient optical waveguides coupled into a dielectric substrate. Using the numerical method named α κ, matrix equation is developed, to obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors that describes the critical frequency and wave modes for different levels of asymmetry of the coupled waveguide.
Statistical Fourier Analysis: Clarifications and Interpretations

This paper expounds some of the results of Fourier theory that are essential to the statistical analysis of time series. It employs the algebra of circulant matrices to expose the structure of the discrete Fourier transform and to elucidate the filtering operations that may be applied to finite data sequences.An ideal filter with a gain of unity throughout the pass band and a gain of zero throughout the stop band is commonly regarded as incapable of being realised in finite samples. It is shown here that, to the contrary, such a filter can be realised both in the time domain and in the frequency domain.The algebra of circulant matrices is also helpful in revealing the nature of statistical processes that are band limited in the frequency domain. In order to apply the conventional techniques of autoregressive moving-average modelling, the data generated by such processes must be subjected to anti-aliasing filtering and sub sampling. These techniques are also described.It is argued that band-limited processes are more prevalent in statistical and econometric time series than is commonly recognised.
Effects of Surface Roughness on Heat Transfer and Aerodynamic Performance of Turbine Airfoils

Aerodynamic flow path losses and turbine airfoil gas side heat transfer are strongly affected by the gas side surface finish. For high aero efficiencies and reduced cooling requirements, airfoil designs dictate extensive surface finishing processes to produce smooth surfaces and enhance engine performance. The achievement of these requirements incurs additional manufacturing finishing costs over less strict requirements. The present work quantifies the heat transfer (and aero) performance differences of three cast airfoils with varying degrees of surface finish treatment. An airfoil, that was grit blast and Codep coated, produced an average roughness of 2.33 {micro}m, one that was grit blast, tumbled, and aluminide coated produced 1.03 {micro}m roughness, and another that received further postcoating polishing produced 0.81 {micro}m roughness. Local heat transfer coefficients were experimentally measured with a transient technique in a linear cascade with a wide range of flow Reynolds numbers covering typical engine conditions. The measured heat transfer coefficients were used with a rough surface Reynolds analogy to determine the local skin friction coefficients, from which the drag forces and aero efficiencies were calculated. Results show that tumbling and polishing reduce the average roughness and improve performance. The largest differences are observed from the tumbling process, with smallermore » improvements realized from polishing. « less
OHANA Phase III: scientific operation of an 800-meter Mauna Kea interferometer

Once the proof of concept of the OHANA Array has been demonstrated, the Phase II capabilities can be put into regular science operation, and the OHANA facility can be upgraded to extend interferometric operation to include all of the telescopes of the OHANA Consortium member observatories. This will constitute the Phase III of OHANA. The technical developments required will be relatively straight-forward. Longer fiber sets will be procured (fiber losses are not a limiting factor at the OHANA scale). An enhanced delay line capability will be needed in order to exploit longer baselines with good sky coverage and ample super-synthesis (several compact, multi-pass long optical delay concepts are under investigation). The scheduling and operation modes of an instrument such as OHANA present interesting opportunities and complications. We envision a place for both collaborative consortium science, based on mutual allocation of facility access, and PI-driven access, based on telescope access exchange between consortium members. The most potentially successful mode of operation would imply a community driven model, open to proposals from the different time allocation comittees. This poster looks at possible methods of allocation and operation, inspired by the UKIRT infrared survey (UKIDSS), the European VLBI, and the very interesting possibility of a Mauna Kea telescope time exchange scheme. The issue of data property is of course intimately tied with the proposal/operation system, and means of data availability and distribution are discussed, along with data interpretation tools, which may be modeled on existing systems such as the ISC at Caltech or the JMMC in France. when weighed against the UV coverage, the potential science and the uniqueness of this project, all these issues are worth an in depth study. Discussions are starting as to an OHANA Operation Committee, the goal of which would be to discuss, define and eventually carry out operational modes. The goal, of course, is for the Operation Committee to handle the details of multi-telescope scheduling in a way that will be transparent to the scientist who merely seeks the observational results.
Thermoviscoelastic Response for a Thin Narrow Composite Strip with Transverse Matrix Cracking

Based on von Kármán non-linear strain-displacement relationships and classical thin plate theory, a list of non-linear dynamic equilibrium equations for a thin narrow composite strip with transverse matrix cracking under thermal and mechanic loads are established and solved by the finite difference method, Newmark method, Newton-Cotes method and iterative method synthetically. Numerical examples show effect of the mechanical parameters, thermal environment, damage evolution and geometric parameters for thermoviscoelastic dynamic behavior of the thin narrow composite strip.
Evaluating the impact of selfish behaviors on epidemic forwarding in mobile social networks

Mobile social networks are now very popular, and information can be shared among mobile users through their opportunistic contacts. Information propagation in such networks often needs nodes to work in a cooperative way. However, nodes may not be willing to forward the information to others due to their selfish nature. On the other hand, some nodes may be more willing to forward information to their friends. State-of-the-art works fail to consider the distribution of friends when they evaluate the impact of selfishness on the information propagation. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to evaluate the impact of selfishness based on the mean-field limit. Simulation shows the accuracy of our model. Numerical results show that the impact of selfishness is related to many factors (e.g., the distribution of friends).