Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Network Intrusion Detection using SNORT

: An intruder is a hacker or cracker which always tries to get access to secure, system intrusion occurs when an unauthorized person try to gain access or interrupt the normal operations of an information system. Even when such attacks are self-propagating, as in the case of viruses and distributed denial-of service attacks, they are almost always initiated by an individual whose purpose is to harm an organizational data. Intrusion detection consists of procedures for detection of illegal activity of (intruders) system that identify the intruders. Some important intrusion prevention activities are writing and implementing good activity information security rule, planning and performing effective information security programs, installing and testing technology-based information security system for counting intruders activities such as firewalls and intrusion detection and prevention systems. In Information security intrusion detection systems (IDS) works like a burglar alarm in that it detects destruction and activates an alarm. Recently new technology for IDS systems is the intrusion prevention system (IPS), which can detect an intrusion and also prevent that intrusion from attacking the organization. There is a system called intrusion detection/prevention system (IDPS). Recently Snort is a very useful tool for Network based Intrusion detection. A Snort is tool which can give alert/alarm to the authentic user or Network Administrator by sending email or giving alarm for illegal network activities.
Lycorine induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 via ROS-mediated inactivation of the PI 3 K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathway

Lycorine, a main phenanthridine Amaryllidaceae alkaloid, has shown wide ranging pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the antitumor activity of lycorine against pancreatic cancer and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 was treated with lycorine. Cell viability was monitored by MTT assay. The expression of related proteins was identified by western blot analysis. Antitumor activity of lycorine in vivo was assessed in BALB/c athymic nude mice. The results demonstrated that lycorine induced apoptosis in PANC-1 cells, which was supported by PARP cleavage, activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2, upregulation of Bax and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Meanwhile, lycorine treatment decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, while LY294002 pretreatment enhanced lycorine-triggered dephosphorylation of Akt, cell apoptosis and cleavage of PARP. In addition, lyocrine induced ROS generation, pretreatment of cells with ROS scavenger NAC reduced ROS generation, rescued cell from apoptosis, reversed Akt suppression and PARP cleavage. These results demonstrated that lycorine induced apoptosis in PANC-1 cells via ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo, lycorine effectively inhibited tumor growth in xenografts model in BALB/c mice without obviously additional toxicity. Lycorine may be a promising option in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Magnetic memory effect in magnetite charged polypropylene composite*

Abstract The behaviour of damping and dynamic shear modulus in polypropylene charged with either different volume fraction or size of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles, as a function of the applied magnetic field at 318, 353 and 403 K; has been studied. An increase of the alternating magnetic field oscillating with 50 Hz, leads to an increase of the damping. In addition, during the subsequently decreasing alternating magnetic field, the damping decreases, but a hysteretic behaviour appeared. The behaviour of the damping and the elastic modulus under the application of an alternating magnetic field was explained by the development of a magnetic fatigue damage occurring around the particle interface due to oscillation of magnetite particles. In contrast, during the increase of a direct magnetic field, the damping decreases and the elastic modulus increases. Measurements performed at 353 and 403 K allowed observing the interaction process among the particles of magnetite in the polymer matrix. After the decrease in the direct magnetic field, from the maximum reached value, damping and modulus remain smaller and higher, respectively; giving rise to a memory effect. In addition, a mesoscopic description of magnetite filled polymer composite materials has been performed in the continuous media by considering the interaction between magnetic and mechanical forces. Theoretical predictions of here developed model were qualitatively applied with good success for explaining the memory effect in magnetite filled polypropylene under the application of a direct magnetic field.
Fusarium algeriense, sp. nov., a novel toxigenic crown rot pathogen of durum wheat from Algeria is nested in the Fusarium burgessii species complex

ABSTRACT A novel crown rot pathogen of wheat discovered during pathogen surveys in Algeria in 2014 and 2015 is formally described as Fusarium algeriense. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic data resolved the eight isolates of this pathogen as a genealogically exclusive species lineage in the F. burgessii species complex. The previously described species of this complex, F. burgessii and F. beomiforme, produce abundant chlamydospores in culture, and their optimal temperature for growth is 30 C. In comparison, F. algeriense did not produce chlamydospores under the conditions tested and its optimal temperature for growth is 25 C. Furthermore, F. algeriense differs from F. burgessii because it does not produce polyphialides and F. beomiforme, because it does not produce globose-to-napiform conidia in the aerial mycelium. Isolates of F. algeriense induced moderate crown rot on the susceptible spring wheat cultivar Norm in a temperature-controlled incubator. Fusarium burgessii and F. beomiforme, in contrast, only induced mild symptoms of this disease. BLASTn searches of the whole-genome sequence of F. algeriense strains NRRL 66647 and 66648, using homologs of genes that are responsible for synthesis of toxic secondary metabolites, indicated that they have the potential to produce several polyketide and non-ribosomal peptide-derived mycotoxins. However, moniliformin and 2-AOD-ol (2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol) were the only mycotoxins detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses of strains cultivated in vitro on a solid medium. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for MAT idiomorph revealed that MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 strains of F. algeriense were present in Algeria, which suggests this pathogen might possess a heterothallic sexual reproductive mode.
Heat Sensing in Muscle Calorimetry

Measuring the energetics of isolated cardiac muscle is important for improving the understanding of cardiac physiology in health and disease. Examining energetics requires the simultaneous measurement of force, length and rate of heat production. Until now these measurements have primarily been performed at sub-physiological temperatures, thereby requiring extrapolation of the observed energetic relations to body temperature (37 °C). Energetic measurements at 37 °C have been limited by the inability to resolve the meagre heat production (5 μW) of samples sufficiently small to prevent anoxia. The purpose of this thesis is to present work that culminated in the first simultaneous measurements of mechanics and heat production of adequately oxygenated isolated cardiac muscle at physiological temperature. Achieving these measurements required the development of new heat and temperature sensing methods, and their implementation in a novel calorimeter. Initial development focused on the creation of a vapour pressure thermometer that inferred the temperature of a solvent from measurements of the pressure of the solvent’s gas phase. The resulting vapour pressure thermometer was capable of higher temperature resolution than any previously reported vapour pressure thermometer. However, the thermometer’s resolution was not sufficiently high for application to the developed calorimeter and had limitations that made its use impractical for muscle calorimetry. A muscle calorimeter was subsequently developed that uses commercially available solid-state thermopiles. The calorimeter was capable of unprecedented power resolutions of 2.6nW·Hz−1/2 at room temperature and 7.1nW·Hz−1/2 at 37 °C. These power
The diagnosis of male infertility: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance—challenges and future research opportunities

Abstract BACKGROUND Herein, we describe the consensus guideline methodology, summarize the evidence-based recommendations we provided to the World Health Organization (WHO) for their consideration in the development of global guidance and present a narrative review of the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized (problem or population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcome(s) (O) (PICO)) questions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and research gaps identified during the synthesis of this evidence. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this paper is to present an evidence-based approach for the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized PICO questions. SEARCH METHODS Collating the evidence to support providing recommendations involved a collaborative process as developed by WHO, namely: identification of priority questions and critical outcomes; retrieval of up-to-date evidence and existing guidelines; assessment and synthesis of the evidence; and the formulation of draft recommendations to be used for reaching consensus with a wide range of global stakeholders. For each draft recommendation the quality of the supporting evidence was then graded and assessed for consideration during a WHO consensus. OUTCOMES Evidence was synthesized and recommendations were drafted to address the diagnosis of male infertility specifically encompassing the following: What is the prevalence of male infertility and what proportion of infertility is attributable to the male? Is it necessary for all infertile men to undergo a thorough evaluation? What is the clinical (ART/non ART) value of traditional semen parameters? What key male lifestyle factors impact on fertility (focusing on obesity, heat and tobacco smoking)? Do supplementary oral antioxidants or herbal therapies significantly influence fertility outcomes for infertile men? What are the evidence-based criteria for genetic screening of infertile men? How does a history of neoplasia and related treatments in the male impact on (his and his partner's) reproductive health and fertility options? And lastly, what is the impact of varicocele on male fertility and does correction of varicocele improve semen parameters and/or fertility? WIDER IMPLICATIONS This evidence synthesis analysis has been conducted in a manner to be considered for global applicability for the diagnosis of male infertility.
Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III

SUMMARY There is a strong relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes in the United States, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Increasing evidence points to links between lifelong exposure to infectious disease and subsequent chronic disease. Exposure and susceptibility to infections may be one way SES affects long-term health, although little population-based research to date has examined social patterning of infections in the United States. This paper tests the relationship between income, education, race/ethnicity and seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection at different ages in a representative sample of the US population, and tests potential mediators for these relationships. The study finds significant racial and socioeconomic disparities in CMV seroprevalence beginning at early ages and persisting into middle age. Potential exposures do not explain the relationship between SES and CMV positivity. Because reactivation of latent CMV infections may contribute to chronic disease and immune decline later in life, future research should determine the exposure or susceptibility pathways responsible for these disparities in the prevalence of CMV infection.
Recognizing outdoor scenes by convolutional features of omni-directional LiDAR scans

We present a novel method for the outdoor scene categorization using 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which take panoramic depth images obtained by a 3D laser scanner as input. We evaluate our approach in two outdoor scene datasets including six categories: coast, forest, indoor parking, outdoor parking, residential area, and urban area. Our results on both datasets (over 94%) outperform previous approaches and show the effectiveness of this approach for outdoor scene categorization using depth images. To analyze our trained networks we visualize the learned features by using two visualization methods.
Quantitative systematic review of multi-professional teamwork and leadership training to optimize patient outcomes in acute hospital settings.

AIM To evaluate the impact of multi-professional teamwork (MPTW) and leadership training interventions on patient outcomes in acute hospital settings. BACKGROUND Although investigations of teamwork and leadership training in acute hospital settings indicate that such programs can optimize patient outcomes, evidence-based recommendations on the content, duration and frequency of training programs associated with clinical evidence are still absent. DESIGN Quantitative systematic review. DATA SOURCES A search was conducted for relevant papers published during the period from 2000-February 2014. REVIEW METHODS Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were appraised for quality and a risk-of-bias assessment was conducted. The review used a structured approach for literature search, data evaluation, analysis and presentation. A narrative summary was used to report results. RESULTS Two MPTW and leadership interventions in stroke units have the greatest impact on patient outcomes in acute hospital settings. The interventions' impact on patient outcomes, explored in the ten remaining studies, is associated with great uncertainty due to several alternative explanations of the findings. CONCLUSION Research designs that test such interventions must be improved before recommendations on the ultimate program can be made. This can be achieved by strengthening the design, methodology and descriptions of interventions and the use of more consistent patient outcomes. Building a safety culture adjacent to implementing teamwork and leadership training interventions is essential for improving patient outcomes.
Anticipating the emergence of infectious diseases

In spite of medical breakthroughs, the emergence of pathogens continues to pose threats to both human and animal populations. We present candidate approaches for anticipating disease emergence prior to large-scale outbreaks. Through use of ideas from the theories of dynamical systems and stochastic processes we develop approaches which are not specific to a particular disease system or model, but instead have general applicability. The indicators of disease emergence detailed in this paper can be classified into two parallel approaches: a set of early-warning signals based around the theory of critical slowing down and a likelihood-based approach. To test the reliability of these two approaches we contrast theoretical predictions with simulated data. We find good support for our methods across a range of different model structures and parameter values.
A Public Health Analysis on Gaps in Disease Monitoring and Opportunities for Improved Care for the Management of Hepatitis B and C

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C have been major disease-causing agents among humans since they were discovered in the 1960s. Both cause jaundice-like symptoms initially but their prognosis and treatment are somehow different and depend upon many demographic details, such as the age and susceptibility of the patients and any other comorbid conditions. They clinically present primarily with hepatitis and can have many adverse effects or even be life-threatening at times, if not treated properly. However, their epidemiological background and findings in terms of morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates are different. The disease burden, impact on the healthcare system, and prevention of the two diseases are quite different. The treatment and management options along with the prevention and control measures share unique strategies for handling the two diseases. The purpose of this review is to highlight the gaps in disease monitoring and to find ways and opportunities that can lead to improved care and better management of Hepatitis B and C locally and globally. Online databases were searched and peer-reviewed articles were selected. Key issues identified were lack of education globally in resource-limited settings, leading to a decreased understanding of the potential hazards associated with needle sharing and lack of access to healthcare because of a lack of insurance. The failure of compliance with vaccination leads to an increase in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)-related infections. Increased global travel demands a systematic program in most immigrant-receiving countries to screen for hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis c virus (HCV) infections. Delayed U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensing for new drugs hampers the treatment of chronic Hepatitis-B (CHB) among children. With the advancement in science, an effective vaccine against HCV will definitely help in eradicating the infection.
Intra and Interspecific Variations of Gene Expression Levels in Yeast Are Largely Neutral: (Nei Lecture, SMBE 2016, Gold Coast)

It is commonly, although not universally, accepted that most intra- and inter-specific genome sequence variations are more or less neutral, whereas a large fraction of organism-level phenotypic variations are adaptive. Gene expression levels are molecular phenotypes that bridge the gap between genotypes and corresponding organism-level phenotypes. Yet, it is unknown whether natural variations in gene expression levels are mostly neutral or adaptive. Here we address this fundamental question by genome-wide profiling and comparison of gene expression levels in nine yeast strains belonging to three closely related Saccharomyces species and originating from five different ecological environments. We find that the transcriptome-based clustering of the nine strains approximates the genome sequence-based phylogeny irrespective of their ecological environments. Remarkably, only ∼0.5% of genes exhibit similar expression levels among strains from a common ecological environment, no greater than that among strains with comparable phylogenetic relationships but different environments. These and other observations strongly suggest that most intra- and inter-specific variations in yeast gene expression levels result from the accumulation of random mutations rather than environmental adaptations. This finding has profound implications for understanding the driving force of gene expression evolution, genetic basis of phenotypic adaptation, and general role of stochasticity in evolution.
The evolution of cortical development: the synapsid-diapsid divergence

The cerebral cortex covers the rostral part of the brain and, in higher mammals and particularly humans, plays a key role in cognition and consciousness. It is populated with neuronal cell bodies distributed in radially organized layers. Understanding the common and lineage-specific molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cortical development and evolution are key issues in neurobiology. During evolution, the cortex appeared in stem amniotes and evolved divergently in two main branches of the phylogenetic tree: the synapsids (which led to present day mammals) and the diapsids (reptiles and birds). Comparative studies in organisms that belong to those two branches have identified some common principles of cortical development and organization that are possibly inherited from stem amniotes and regulated by similar molecular mechanisms. These comparisons have also highlighted certain essential features of mammalian cortices that are absent or different in diapsids and that probably evolved after the synapsid-diapsid divergence. Chief among these is the size and multi-laminar organization of the mammalian cortex, and the propensity to increase its area by folding. Here, I review recent data on cortical neurogenesis, neuronal migration and cortical layer formation and folding in this evolutionary perspective, and highlight important unanswered questions for future investigation. Summary: New technologies are emerging to allow studies of cortical development in diapsid (reptiles and birds) embryos that should address several key unresolved issues, including the fast evolution of the human cortex.
A cloud platform for space science mission concurrent design

Using concurrent design methodology, the duration of space science mission in conceptual design phase can be shortened. This approach requires hardware and software resources to support, such as professional design tools and concurrent design environment. Except for the professional groups, the general researchers such as teachers and students have no chance to access these resources. Nowadays, more and more researchers distributed in different locations join into the space science research. The need for an open concurrent design platform offering design tools and data sharing environment has increased. This article presents a Cloud Platform of Concurrent Design for Space Science Mission. This Cloud Platform of Concurrent Design for Space Science Mission uses the idea of Software as a service, in which five design and analysis tools are offered as services to satisfy the basic requirements for space science mission concurrent design in conceptual design phase. This cloud platform provides the access to space science mission concurrent design for expert and non-expert users using a thin client of web browser. This article presents the platform architecture of the Cloud Platform of Concurrent Design for Space Science Mission and five software offered as services. The services include spacecraft conceptual orbit design, structure design, payload coverage analysis, data transmission analysis, and virtual community. And the basic cloud service (computing and storage) is also briefly introduced. It is described in detail how these services can be leveraged by users to do the concurrent design for one space science mission.
Learning Deep Representation with Large-Scale Attributes

Learning strong feature representations from large scale supervision has achieved remarkable success in computer vision as the emergence of deep learning techniques. It is driven by big visual data with rich annotations. This paper contributes a large-scale object attribute database that contains rich attribute annotations (over 300 attributes) for ~180k samples and 494 object classes. Based on the ImageNet object detection dataset, it annotates the rotation, viewpoint, object part location, part occlusion, part existence, common attributes, and class-specific attributes. Then we use this dataset to train deep representations and extensively evaluate how these attributes are useful on the general object detection task. In order to make better use of the attribute annotations, a deep learning scheme is proposed by modeling the relationship of attributes and hierarchically clustering them into semantically meaningful mixture types. Experimental results show that the attributes are helpful in learning better features and improving the object detection accuracy by 2.6% in mAP on the ILSVRC 2014 object detection dataset and 2.4% in mAP on PASCAL VOC 2007 object detection dataset. Such improvement is well generalized across datasets.