Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context-Based Evaluation of the Opus Audio Codec for Spatial Audio Content in Virtual Reality

This paper discusses the evaluation of Opus-compressed Ambisonic audio content through listeningtestsconductedinavirtualrealityenvironment.Theaimofthisstudywastoinvestigate theeffectthatOpuscompressionhasontheBasicAudioQuality(BAQ)ofAmbisonicaudioindifferentvirtualrealitycontexts—gaming,music,soundscapes,andteleconferencing.The methodsusedtoproducethetestcontent,howthetestswereconducted,theresultsobtainedandtheirsignificancearediscussed.Keyfindingswerethatinallcases,Ambisonicscenes compressedwithOpusat64kbps/chusingChannelMappingFamily3garneredamedianBAQratingnotsignificantlydifferentthanuncompressedaudio.ChannelMappingFamily3 demonstratedtheleastvariationinBAQacrossevaluatedcontexts,althoughtherewerestillsomesignificantdifferencesfoundbetweencontextsatcertainbitratesandAmbisonicorders.
Azimuthal Correlations between Protons in the Backward and Forward Hemispheres in Nucleus- Nucleus Collisions at a Momentum of 4.2 GeV/c per Nucleon

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations between protons have been investigated in (d, He)C, CC, (d,He)Ta and CTa collisions at a momentum of 4.2 GeV/c and "back-to-back" correlations have been observed. Essentially, correlation function C() for protons from these collisions increases with  and reaches maximum at  = 180 0 (the angle between the vector sums of the forward and backward emitted protons). The asymmetry coefficient || decreases and the strength of correlation  increases with increase of the projectile and target mass numbers. The dependence of the mean of the square transverse momentum in the reaction plane on  shows similar behaviour for all observed interactions. The data stem from the propane bubble chamber (PBC-500) system utilized at JINR. The quark gluon string and the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics models satisfactorily describe the experimental results. © 2012 Bull. Georg. Natl. Acad. Sci.
Automated registration of multi-mode nondestructive evaluation data

Registration techniques play a central role in applications of image processing to computer vision, medical imaging, and automatic target tracking. Feature-based techniques such as scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and speeded up robust features (SURF) are commonly used to register images derived from a single modality. However, SIFT and SURF struggle to register images from different modalities because the features tend to manifest rather differently and at sometimes very different length-scales. The most successful methods that have been developed to register multi-modal data use information-theoretic approaches. These methods play a key part in nondestructive evaluation scenarios where data that is collected by sensors of different modalities must be registered to be fused. In this paper, automated registration based on normalized mutual information is applied to align data derived from ultrasonic and radiographic inspections of (i) additively manufactured titanium alloy test coupons, and (ii) thin, lithium metal pouch-cell batteries. The quality of the registration is quantified in terms of computational resources and spatial accuracy. In the first case the X-ray computed tomography (XCT) data is captured on a region corresponding to a small subset of the ultrasonic data, while in the case of the lithium batteries the digital radiography (DR) captures a larger region of interest than the ultrasonic data. In both cases the radiographic data resolution is much higher than for ultrasound, but interestingly, in both cases the accuracy of the registration is approximately equal to two-to-three-pixel lengths in the ultrasonic images.
Re-visiting hope as a discrete emotion and its role in Persuasion

ABSTRACT Revisiting hope as a discrete emotion, we investigated hope as a central concept in this study. Hope was explicated as a positive discrete emotion associated with a nonzero but uncertain prospect (with a probability between 0 and 1) of an unattained goal. Hope can be successfully induced with messages that highlight a discrepancy between the current state and an unattained goal in tandem with a positive but uncertain prospect of goal attainment. Hope’s persuasive impact above and beyond fear was tested in a web-based experiment with health messages that promoted sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption reduction and support for related public policies. Results demonstrated the impact of hope on both SSB consumption reduction and policy support as well as its potential interaction with fear in conferring persuasive effects. These findings offer a guideline for experimental manipulations of hope and set the stage for replications and further tests of moderators.
Unraveling Bonding Mechanisms and Electronic Structure of Pyridine Oximes on Fe(110) Surface: Deeper Insights from DFT, Molecular Dynamics and SCC-DFT Tight Binding Simulations

The development of corrosion inhibitors with outstanding performance is a never-ending and complex process engaged in by researchers, engineers and practitioners. The computational assessment of organic corrosion inhibitors’ performance is a crucial step towards the design of new task-specific materials. Herein, the electronic features, adsorption characteristics and bonding mechanisms of two pyridine oximes, namely 2-pyridylaldoxime (2POH) and 3-pyridylaldoxime (3POH), with the iron surface were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD), and self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations. SCC-DFTB simulations revealed that the 3POH molecule can form covalent bonds with iron atoms in its neutral and protonated states, while the 2POH molecule can only bond with iron through its protonated form, resulting in interaction energies of −2.534, −2.007, −1.897, and −0.007 eV for 3POH, 3POH+, 2POH+, and 2POH, respectively. Projected density of states (PDOSs) analysis of pyridines–Fe(110) interactions indicated that pyridine molecules were chemically adsorbed on the iron surface. Quantum chemical calculations (QCCs) revealed that the energy gap and Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) principles were efficient in predicting the bonding trend of the molecules investigated with an iron surface. 3POH had the lowest energy gap of 1.706 eV, followed by 3POH+ (2.806 eV), 2POH+ (3.121 eV), and 2POH (3.431 eV). In the presence of a simulated solution, MD simulation showed that the neutral and protonated forms of molecules exhibited a parallel adsorption mode on an iron surface. The excellent adsorption properties and corrosion inhibition performance of 3POH may be attributed to its low stability compared to 2POH molecules.
Laser assisted SEM for visualizing electrical property using voltage contrast dynamics

In addition to the conventional process control method like dimensional metrology, there is a growing need to measure the electrical characteristics of device structures. Detection of defective electrical characteristics during device fabrication is important to improve device yield and shorten the ramp-up time of the manufacturing process. Voltage contrast of traditional scanning electron microscopes can be used to measure some of the electrical characteristics but is limited in its sensitivity and, hence, its applicable processes. We have developed a Laser-assisted SEM (LA-SEM) with (1) laser irradiation function and (2) electron beam modulation function to control and enhance the voltage contrast (VC) for in-line electrical inspection and measurement. In this report, for samples with high-impedance components obstructing the view of defect of interest, we confirmed that ultraviolet laser irradiation provides defect contrast that cannot be obtained with electron-beam-only VC. For Not-Open defects on a PN junction, the VC was improved by a factor of 1.19 by using a laser in the near-infrared region. Furthermore, to extract electrical properties of defects and monitor their changes during the manufacturing flow, a VC circuit simulation function was developed to quantitatively estimate VC transients obtained by modulated electron beam irradiation. As an example, a quantitative estimation of RC by transient voltage contrast analysis was performed on floating plugs with varying resistance using metal film deposition on its side walls. A decent correlation between the estimated electrical properties and the sheet resistance of the metallic film was demonstrated.
PSYCOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE AUTHENTIC HAPPINESS SCALE (AHS) INDONESIAN VERSION WITH CONFIRMATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS AND RASCH MODEL

This study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the authentic happiness scale (AHS), which includes an analysis of unidimensionality and item fit using the CFA and Rasch Model. Validity and reliability. This scale consists of authentic and fluctuating happiness consisting of 20 items, ten items each. The scale was administered to 112 educators as samples taken by purposive sampling. In the CFA unidimensionality test, ten items were eliminated to obtain a fit model, and ten items were re-examined and analyzed using the Rasch model. The above analysis results prove that AHS has good psychometric properties to be used in the Indonesian version
Herbal and bee products as nutraceuticals for improving poultry health and production

SUMMARY We began gathering sources for this article in 2020 and began writing it as an important topic in the poultry field that provides an overview of the benefits of using herbal and bee products as nutraceuticals for improving poultry health and production, as well as encourages breeders and producers to use them instead of antibiotics for more healthy and safe products. The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have been attracting increasing attention and interest from the scientific communities as well as the public worldwide. Recently, nutraceuticals, as natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs such as antibiotics, are used in several poultry farms (˃65%) for producing organic products (0% drugs). Nutraceuticals, such as organic acids (amino acids and fatty acids), herbal products (black cumin and fenugreek), and honeybee products (bee pollen and bee venom), are natural substances. They were added to poultry diets (1–3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for birds. In addition, they have several biological functions in the bird’s body and may help birds to enhance their well-being. These supplements can increase the body weight of broilers and the egg production of hens by approximately 7% and 10%, respectively, as well as, enhance meat and eggs quality (˃30%). Moreover, they can improve the semen quality of roosters (ejaculate volume, advanced motility, live sperms, concentrate per ejaculate) by an average of 25%. Previous literature on the main biological activities performed by nutraceuticals has shown that most studies have only focused on the concept of using nutraceuticals as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial agents. In the current review, critical effects/functions of the use of nutraceuticals, as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry farms, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products were discussed.
Population III Gamma-Ray Burst

Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are unique probes of the first generation (Pop III) stars. We show that a relativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet can potentially pierce the envelope of a very massive Pop III star even if the Pop III star has a supergiant hydrogen envelope without mass loss, thanks to the long-lived powerful accretion of the envelope itself. While the Pop III GRB is estimated to be energetic (Eγ,iso ~ 1055 erg), the supergiant envelope hides the initial bright phase in the cocoon component, leading to a GRB with a long duration ~1000 (1 + z) s and an ordinary isotropic luminosity ~ 1052 erg s−1 (~ 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1 at redshift z ~ 20), although these quantities are found to be sensitive to the core and envelope mass. We also show that Pop III.2 GRBs (which are primordial but affected by radiation from other stars) occur >100 times more frequently than Pop III.1 GRBs, and thus should be suitable targets for future X-ray and radio missions. The radio transient surveys are already constraining the Pop III GRB rate and promising in the future.
Analysis in R using Parametric, Semiparametric, and Nonparametric Methods

Efficiency and productivity analysis is a major field in applied production economics. It is generally dominated by two methods: the parametric Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and the nonparametric and deterministic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The SFA can be done in R with the frontier package [1] and the DEA might be done with the FEAR package [4]. The SFA approach contains a stochastic error term and hence, is suitable even if there is some “noise” in the data. However, this parametric approach requires the specification of an explicit functional form, although the functional form cannot be derived from theory. Selecting a wrong functional form may lead to severely biased estimation results. If the data set includes production units with rather different technologies, even flexible functional forms cannot model their production technologies adequately and hence, the parametric SFA is inappropriate. In contrast, the nonparametric and deterministic DEA approach does not require the specification of a functional form, but it does not include a stochastic component. Hence, the DEA is not suitable in case of “noisy” data. In many real world applications, the data are noisy and production units have rather different technologies (in parametric sense) so that a stochastic and nonparametric approach is required and neither the SFA nor the DEA is appropriate. In cases like this, a semiparametric SFA [2] is appropriate, because it allows for statistical “noise” and does not require the specification of a functional form for production technologies. In a first step, a nonparametric production function is estimated and in a second step the residuals of the first step are used to estimate inefficiencies. Although in many empirical applications this approach seems to be more appropriate than the SFA and DEA, it has not been used much in applied studies, probably because of nonavailability of user-friendly software. However, several soft-ware packages for nonparametric econometrics have become available in recent years. For instance, the powerful and feature-rich np package [3] can be used in the first step to estimate the nonparametric production function and the frontier package [1] can be used in the second step to estimate the technical efficiencies. We will demonstrate how the three approaches (SFA, DEA, and semiparametric SFA) can be used for applied efficiency analysis in R and we compare the results obtained from all three approaches.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF NAVIER-STOKES FLOW ON AN EXTERIOR DOMAIN

u(x, 0) = u0 for x ∈ Ω, u(x, t) = 0 for (x, t) ∈ ∂Ω× (0,∞), where n ≥ 2, and Ω ⊂ R is an open subset of R, with its complement Ω is a compact set. Here, u def = (u1, . . . , un) and p denote the velocity and pressure, respectively, while u0 is a given initial velocity satisfying (1.2). The decay problem for weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations was first proposed by Leray [23] for the Cauchy problem in R. If the domain Ω itself or one direction of the domain is bounded, then the decay rate of solutions is exponential. It is obtained easily with the help of Poincare’s inequality. For a domain which is not bounded in any direction, it has a different story. The typical domains are the whole space R, the half space R+, and the exterior domains. The asymptotic behaviour has two directions, the temporal and the spatial decays. The temporal decays has long history, but the spatial decays has short one. In the temporal decays, Masuda [24] gave the explicit estimate for the decay of solutions in exterior domains for the first time. Schonbek [27, 28, 29, 30] worked the decay problem in R. She obtained the lower and the upper bounds. Kajikiya and Miyakawa [18], and Wiegner [34] discussed the same problem. However, all of the above results except Kajikiya and Miyakawa [18] rely on the theory of the Fourier transform. In the case of the half space the Fourier transform method does not work well. Borchers and Miyakawa [9] studied the decay problem in R+ using the semigroup theory. Bae and Choe [3] also showed the decay rate if the solution lies in an appropriate weighted space. In general, to study the decays for the Navier–Stokes equations, the estimates for the solutions of the Stokes equations are essential. If the spatial domain is R,
Coherent quantum hollow beam creation in a plasma wakefield accelerator

Abstract A theoretical investigation of the propagation of a relativistic electron (or positron) particle beam in an overdense magnetoactive plasma is carried out within a fluid plasma model, taking into account the individual quantum properties of beam particles. It is demonstrated that the collective character of the particle beam manifests mostly through the self-consistent macroscopic plasma wakefield created by the charge and the current densities of the beam. The transverse dynamics of the beam–plasma system is governed by the Schrödinger equation for a single-particle wavefunction derived under the Hartree mean field approximation, coupled with a Poisson-like equation for the wake potential. These two coupled equations are subsequently reduced to a nonlinear, non-local Schrödinger equation and solved in a strongly non-local regime. An approximate Glauber solution is found analytically in the form of a Hermite–Gauss ring soliton. Such non-stationary (‘breathing’ and ‘wiggling’) coherent structure may be parametrically unstable and the corresponding growth rates are estimated analytically.
Using a black phosphorus saturable absorber to generate dual wavelengths in a Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser

Using a few-layer black phosphorus (BP) thin film that acts as a saturable absorber (SA) in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser setup, we experimentally demonstrated a passively dual-wavelength Q-switching laser operation. The setup also incorporated a D-shaped polished fiber as a wavelength selective filter. As the SA was used in the ring cavity, a dual-wavelength Q-switch produced consistent outputs at 1038.68 and 1042.05 nm. A maximum pulse energy of 2.09 nJ with a shortest pulse width of 1.16 µs was measured for the achieved pulses. In addition, the repetition rate increased from 52.52 to 58.73 kHz with the increment of the pump level. Throughout the measurement process, the results were obtained consistently and this demonstrates that the BP film is a very good candidate to produce Q-switching pulses for the 1 micron region.
The Overall Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Children Suffering Chronic Constipation in Shahrekord in 2019

Background and aims: Children with thyroid disorders may be significantly exposed to a higher likelihood of constipation; however, the cause of this link remains unclear. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypothyroidism in children suffering from chronic constipation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 380 infants over 30 days old with chronic constipation. All participants were asked for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 tests. Results: The average age of participants was 64.62±37.28 months. The overall hypothyroidism in the study population was estimated to be 4.2% based on the value of measuring serum TSH and 1.0% based on the value of serum-free T4. Further, abnormal values of both serum biomarkers led to the prevalence rate of 0.02% for hypothyroidism. Conclusion: According to the findings, there was a relationship between hypothyroidism and constipation in children; however, this relationship needs further evaluation.
Flow–heat topology optimization of internally cooled high temperature applications using a voxelization approach for domain initialization

A method is presented for obtaining topology optimized designs for internally cooled high temperature applications, using a flexible geometry description, by means of a voxelization methodology and a novel boundary detection algorithm. A conjugate heat transfer approach is taken; the physics is described by a Stokes–Brinkman model for the flow, weakly coupled with a convection–diffusion model for the heat transfer. A practically relevant optimization formulation, consisting of a maximum temperature objective with a mass flow constraint, is used, and applied to an industrial-relevant non-trivial geometry resembling a guide vane in a gas turbine. Temperatures and velocities from the optimized design are compared with the response from a Stokes flow model with body-fitted mesh and a high-fidelity Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model. A comparison of the performance from a mixed and a penalty approach for solving the flow problem is included. The voxelization approach shows good promise for handling complex design domains.
Long‐term risk of herpes zoster following COVID‐19: A retrospective cohort study of 2 442 686 patients

The long‐term risk of herpes zoster (HZ) after recovery from a SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is unclear. This retrospective cohort study assessed the risk of HZ in patients following a COVID‐19 diagnosis. This retrospective, propensity score‐matched cohort study was based on the multi‐institutional research network TriNetX. The risk of incident HZ in patients with COVID‐19 was compared with that of those not infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 during a 1‐year follow‐up period. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HZ and its subtypes were calculated. This study identified 1 221 343 patients with and without COVID‐19 diagnoses with matched baseline characteristics. During the 1‐year follow‐up period, patients with COVID‐19 had a higher risk of HZ compared with those without COVID‐19 (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.49–1.69). In addition, compared with the control group patients, those with COVID‐19 had a higher risk of HZ ophthalmicus (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01–1.71), disseminated zoster (HR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.37–5.74), zoster with other complications (HR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.18–1.79), and zoster without complications (HR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.55–1.77). Kaplan–Meier curve analysis (log‐rank p < 0.05) results indicated that the risk of HZ remained significantly higher in patients with COVID‐19 compared with those without COVID‐19. Finally, the higher risk of HZ in the COVID‐19 cohort compared with that in the non‐COVID‐19 cohort remained consistent across subgroup analyses regardless of vaccine status, age, or sex. The risk of HZ within a 12‐month follow‐up period was significantly higher in patients who had recovered from COVID‐19 compared with that in the control group. This result highlights the importance of carefully monitoring HZ in this population and suggests the potential benefit of the HZ vaccine for patients with COVID‐19.
Impact Ionization Rate of Electrons in Monolayer Graphene Nanoribbons

ABSTRACT The authors have proposed a comprehensive analytical model for evaluating the impact ionization rate of electrons in monolayer graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The impact ionization phenomena have been viewed as a multistage scattering process. All possible combinations of optical phonon scattering and electron–electron collision events prior to the impact ionization have been taken into account in the model. The impact ionization rate of electrons in monolayer GNR has been calculated and results are compared with the numerical data obtained from an analytical model proposed earlier. The effects of temperature and sheet electron concentration on the ionization rate have also been studied.