Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining neutron star masses using weak microlensing

The masses of stars, including stellar remnants, are almost exclusively known from binary systems. In this paper, we study the gravitational microlensing of faint background galaxies caused by isolated neutron stars (pulsars). We show that the resulting distortions in the surface brightness can be used to determine the masses of neutron stars. Because of their different evolutionary histories, isolated neutron stars might have different masses from those in binary systems, which can thus provide a unique insight into their equation of states under extreme physical conditions. Having searched the existing pulsar catalogues, we have found one promising pair, consisting of a nearby pulsar and a background galaxy. This method will become more practical for the next-generation optical and radio surveys and telescopes.
Pengaruh Cara Pengolahan Kakao Fermentasi dan Non Fermentasi Terhadap Kualitas, Harga Jual Produk pada Unit Usaha Produktif (UUP) Tunjung Sari, Kabupaten Tabanan

ABSTRACT Effect of Fermentation Cocoa Processing and Non Fermentation on The Quality and Pricing Products on Tunjung Sari Unit Produktive in Tabanan District The purpose of this study was to determine influence how a cocoa processing fermented and non fermented on the quality and price of the product and to determine constraints face on Tunjung Sari Unit Produktif in the processing of fermented and non- fermented cocoa on product quality and price . The method use observation , interviews and literature study to record relevant information. then analyzed with descriptive and qualitative analysis. The results showed that the method of processing cocoa enough to affect the quality and price of products on Tunjung Sari unit Produktif. Processing cocoa bean fermentation yield account ( number of seeds ) 120 seeds per hundred grams while non fermented bean seeds acount 118 percent gram , fermented cocoa color to blackish brown in color while the non fermented brown light , aroma of cocoa beans have a distinctive fermentation processing chocolate aroma while the non- fermentation processing does not have a distinctive smell like chocolate , slaty ( purple beans ) fermented cocoa maximum of 3-5 %, while the non- fermented seeds no slaty ( purple beans ) slaty occur due to the fermentation process less than three days , in the form of fermentation of cocoa beans has a texture that is hollow while the non -textured solid fermentation , the level of moisture content of cocoa beans fermented 7 % and 7.5 % non- fermented and fermented cocoa beans price of Rp 19.500/kg while non fermented Rp 17.000/kg . Keywords: The effects of processing cocoa fermentation, Cocoa non fermentation, Q uality cocoa beans, Selling product.
Antinematic local order in dendrimer liquids

We use monomer-resolved numerical simulations to study the positional and orientational structure of a dense dendrimer solution, focusing on the effects of the prolate shape and deformability of the dendrimers on the short-range order. Our results provide unambiguous evidence that the nearest-neighbor shell of a tagged particle consists of a mixture of crossed, side-by-side, side-to-end, and end-to-end pair configurations, imposing antinematic rather than nematic order observed in undeformable rodlike particles. This packing pattern persists even at densities where particle overlap becomes sizable. We demonstrate that the antinematic arrangement is compatible with the A15 crystal lattice reported in several dendrimer compounds.
Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Airway in Class II Malocclusion: A Review

In class II malocclusion, there is an anteroposterior disparity between the upper dentition and the lower dentition, which may or may not be accompanied by a skeletal discrepancy. For orthodontists, this is one of the common malocclusions encountered during clinical practice. This might be due to excess maxillary growth or retarded growth of the mandible or a combination of both. In such types of malocclusion, both the upper and lower airways are affected, the lower one most commonly. Characteristic features seen are a narrow maxillary arch, a proclined upper anterior, and mouth breathing as a developing habit. Also, the position of the condyle in the skeletal type of class II malocclusion plays a vital role in the development of temporomandibular joint disorders. Treating such disparity in a growing individual leads to better results in the long term as well as prevention of malocclusion taking a severe form. Myofunctional appliances are useful for repositioning the mandible as well as the condyle. In adults, extraction of the upper premolars is most commonly done for the correction of class II malocclusion. This provides the patient with a better esthetic appearance. In addition to this, various treatment modalities, such as splint therapy, exercise, and prolotherapy, are beneficial for pain relief and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) correction. This article deals with the characteristics, development, etiology, and comprehensive treatment options of class II malocclusion and its co-relation with the upper and lower airway along with the severity of temporomandibular joint disorders. Repositioning of the condyle in the glenoid fossae is the key to the correction of this disorder.
Identification of the Brassica Campestris ssp. Chinensis BcHY5 Gene Important for Hypocotyl Length

The primary domain/leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor, Elongated Hypocotyl (HY5), is crucial for the photomorphogenesis of seedlings. Here, we identified BcHY5 as a regulator of hypocotyl length from the non-heading Chinese cabbage (NHCC) variety ‘Suzhouqing’, which encoded a protein comprised 164 amino acid residues. Ectopic expression of BcHY5 in Arabidopsis shortens the length of the hypocotyl. Additionally, we discovered a protein called BcBBX24 containing the B-BOX (BBX) domain, which is the interacting partner of BcHY5. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and GST pull-down assays revealed that BcHY5 interacted with BcBBX24. Additionally, by physically binding to the promoter of BcHY5, BcBBX24 inhibited the transcriptional activity of BcHY5. Therefore, our findings reveal a transcriptional mechanism through which light response occurs in NHCC seedlings, where BcHY5 can interact with BcBBX24 and BcBBX24 can prevent BcHY5 transcription.
Commuting demands and appraisals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of strain and wellbeing outcomes

Research on commuting to work and its potential consequences for employee strain and wellbeing has accumulated across various disciplines. However, this has led to a narrow research scope with wide methodological variability. An integration of this literature is needed to understand the breadth of the commuting experience and interpret heterogeneous findings. Extending the transactional stress model, we propose that commuting is a demand that can have both negative and positive effects on outcomes through commuting appraisals. We present a systematic review (k = 109 studies) and meta-analysis (k = 39 studies) of these relationships. Our systematic review finds partial support for our hypotheses, and our meta-analysis suggests that objective commuting demands are positively associated with strain outcomes (r ̅_xy = .089; especially perceived stress, r ̅_xy = .153), but unrelated to wellbeing outcomes. Subjective commuting appraisals are unrelated to strain or wellbeing outcomes. We conclude with recommendations for methodological improvements and implications for research and practice. Plain language summary Commuting is a nearly ubiquitous part of contemporary employment. Over the last several decades, empirical research on commuting has accumulated across various disciplines. Our systematic review and meta-analysis take stock of relationships regarding commuting demands, appraisals of commuting, and strainand wellbeing-related outcomes. The results of the qualitative review indicate that there are both positive and negative implications of commuting. Commuting demands are related to favorable and unfavorable appraisals, and commuting demands are also related to both strain and wellbeing outcomes. However, the result of our quantitative meta-analysis suggests that time spent commuting is positively associated with strain outcomes, but unrelated to wellbeing outcomes. Subjective commuting appraisals are unrelated to strain and wellbeing outcomes. We outline implications for future research (e.g., commuting's role in boundary management), highlight methodological challenges (e.g., variability in reporting), and provide recommendations for practice (e.g., offer resources that mitigate consequences of commuting).
The evolution and polymorphism of mono-amino acid repeats in androgen receptor and their regulatory role in health and disease

Androgen receptor (AR) is a key member of nuclear hormone receptors with the longest intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) in its protein family. There are four mono-amino acid repeats (polyQ1, polyQ2, polyG, and polyP) located within its NTD, of which two are polymorphic (polyQ1 and polyG). The length of both polymorphic repeats shows clinically important correlations with disease, especially with cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, as shorter and longer alleles exhibit significant differences in expression, activity and solubility. Importantly, AR has also been shown to undergo condensation in the nucleus by liquid-liquid phase separation, a process highly sensitive to protein solubility and concentration. Nonetheless, in prostate cancer cells, AR variants also partition into transcriptional condensates, which have been shown to alter the expression of target gene products. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the link between AR repeat polymorphisms and cancer types, including mechanistic explanations and models comprising the relationship between condensate formation, polyQ1 length and transcriptional activity. Moreover, we outline the evolutionary paths of these recently evolved amino acid repeats across mammalian species, and discuss new research directions with potential breakthroughs and controversies in the literature.
Modelling the fraction of Lyman break galaxies with strong Lyman α emission at 5 ≤ z ≤ 7

We present theoretical results for the expected fraction of Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) to be detected as strong Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) in the redshift range 5 � z � 7. We base our analysis on the 2-billion particle SPH simulation MareNostrum High-z Universe. We approximate galaxies as static dusty slabs with an additional clumpy dust distribution affecting stellar populations younger than 25 Myr. The model for the Lyman-α escape fraction is based on the results of our Monte-Carlo radiative transfer code (CLARA) for a slab configuration. We also fix the transmission of Lyman-α photons through the intergalactic medium to a constant value of 50% at all redshifts. From the results of this model we calculate xLy�, the fraction of Lyman Break Galaxies with Lyα equivalent width (EW) larger than 50u We find a remarkable agreement with observational data at 4.5 < z < 6. For bright ( 22 < MUV < 20.5) and faint ( 20.5 < MUV < 18.5) galaxies our model predicts xLy� = 0.02 ± 0.01 and xLy� = 0.47±0.01 while observers report xLy� = 0.08±0.02 and xLy� = 0.47±0.16, respectively. Additional evolution of the extinction model at redshift z � 7, that decreases the intensity of transmitted Lyman-α radiation by a factor of fT = 0.4 as to match the LAE luminosity function at z � 6.5, naturally provides a good match for
Protective Effects of Higher Exposure to Aspirin and/or Clopidogrel on the Occurrence of Hip Fracture among Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Aspirin and clopidogrel are commonly prescribed alone or together among the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and both agents could affect bone metabolism. This study aimed at demonstrating the effects of the dosage and the duration of aspirin and/or clopidogrel alone or together on the occurrence of hip fracture among T2DM patients. We chose the patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and divided them into four subgroups which are under aspirin monotherapy (78,522 patients), clopidogrel monotherapy (12,752 patients), dual therapy (7209 patients), and patients not taking antiplatelet drugs (401,686 patients). We found that only higher dosage (>360 cumulative daily defined dose (cDDD)) and longer duration (≥3 years) of antiplatelet agents could be associated with lower fracture risk. Compared with the subjects taking <1-year dual agents, the risk of hip fracture was 0.38-fold for the patients taking ≥3-year dual agents. Lower dosage (28–179 cDDD) and shorter duration (1~2 years) could even be associated with higher fracture risk. Overall, the best regimen to fend off the hip fracture was the use of aspirin and clopidogrel for ≥3 years.
Edible coatings and plant extract influence decay and biochemical attributes of nectarines

Nectarine has a limited storage life of 3-4 days. During storage, it is infested by several pathogens which cause huge postharvest losses. In addition, fruits lose their quality adversely. Therefore, there is urgent need to reduce losses caused by postharvest pathogens and improve marketability of nectarine fruits by using appropriate eco-friendly approaches. Hence, we attempted the use of different coatings (carboxy methylcellulose, (CMC) and chitosan, (CH) alone and in combination with mixed plant extract (MPE) on 'Snow Queen' nectarine fruits stored at supermarket conditions (18±2ºC 85-90% RH) for 16 days. Our results revealed that the fruit decay increased with the increase in storage period and fruits coated with layer-by-layer coatings of CMC-CH-MPE exhibited the lowest fruit decay (6.80 Â± 0.20%) which was the highest in the non-coated (control) fruits (16.10 ± 0.60 %). The respiration rate showed increasing trend up to certain storage period but then it declined in all the treatments. Similarly, total phenolics and total antioxidant activity was the highest in the CMC-CH-MPE coated fruits and the lowest in non-coated fruits whereas the PME activity was the lowest in CMC-CH-MPE coated fruits and the highest in control fruits. In all, it can be concluded that layer-by-layer coating of CMC-CH-MPE was the best treatmentfor reducing fruit decay and maintaining desirable level of biochemical attributes in Snow Queen nectarine fruits up to 16 days of storage at supermarket conditions.
Index for Three Dimensional Superconformal Field Theories and Its Applications

We review aspects of superconformal indices in three dimension. Three dimensional superconformal indices can be exactly computed by using localization method including monopole contribution, and can be applied to provide evidence for mirror duality, AdS4/CFT3 correspondence and global symmetry enhancement of strongly coupled gauge theories. After reviewing, we discuss the possibility of global symmetry enhancement in a finite rank of gauge group.
Fault-Tolerate Three-Party Quantum Secret Sharing over a Collective-Noise Channel

We present a fault-tolerate three-party quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme over a collective-noise channel. Decoherence-free subspaces are used to tolerate two noise modes, a collective-dephasing channel and a collective-rotating channel, respectively. In this scheme, the boss uses two physical qubits to construct a logical qubit which acts as a quantum channel to transmit one bit information to her two agents. The agents can get the information of the private key established by the boss only if they collaborate. The boss Alice encodes information with two unitary operations. Only single-photon measurements are required to rebuilt Alice's information and detect the security by the agents Bob and Charlie, not Bell-state measurements. Moreover, Almost all of the photons are used to distribute information, and its success efficiency approaches 100% in theory.
Effects of Cultivar and Cropping Type on the Growth and Yield of Female and Male Asparagus Plants

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious perennial plant. Male plants have a higher yield than female plants; therefore, all-male cultivars are more commonly produced. In contrast, female plants have a higher spear weight than that of male plants. To increase profitability, selective cultivation of only female plants would increase the yield of asparagus with a thick spear, which has a higher unit price. However, the effects of cultivar and cropping type on the growth and yield of male and female asparagus plants have rarely been examined. This study compared the growth and yield of female and male plants of three cultivars grown under various cropping types: a rootstock planting forcing culture; a long-term harvest production system in an open field; and a semi-forcing culture. As a measurement of growth, the rootstock weight was significantly higher for female plants compared with that of male plants with the rootstock planting forcing culture. Regarding yield measurements, the spear weight and yield were not significantly different with the rootstock planting forcing culture. However, with the long-term harvest production system in the open field and semi-forcing cultures, the weight and yield of female plants were equivalent to or significantly higher than those of male plants, regardless of the cultivar, except during some harvest periods. These results indicated that the selective production of female plants may be advantageous in terms of growing heavier spears with a higher unit price in a long-term harvest production system in the open field and semi-forcing cultures in Japan. Additionally, the development of a simple and low-cost method for sex identification would be beneficial.
Grammaticalization and Language Change in Chinese: A formal view

1. Introduction and overview 2. The classifier ge: movement and reanalysis 3. Relative clause de: directionality, clausal raising and sentence-final particles 4. De in focus sentences: from D to T 5. Resultative constructions: directionality and reanalysis 6. Verbal -le: aspect and tense 7. Post-word Bibliography Index
Serial and Parallel Krylov Methods for Implicit Finite Difference Schemes Arising in Multivariate Option Pricing

This paper investigates computational and implementation issues for the valuation of options on three underlying assets, focusing on the use of the finite difference methods. We demonstrate that implicit methods, which have good convergence and stability prooperties, can now be implemented efficiently due to the recent development of techniques that allow the efficient solution of large and sparse linear systems. In the trivariate option valuation problem, we use nonstationary iterative methods (also called Krylov methods) for the solution of the large and sparse linear systems arising while using implicit methods. Krylov methods are investigated both in serial and in parallel implementations. Computational results show that the parallel implementation is particularly efficient if a fine grid space is needed.
Interacting galaxy NGC4656 and its unusual dwarf companion

We studied the nearby edge-on galaxy NGC4656 and its dwarf low surface brightness companion with the enhanced UV brightness, NGC4656UV, belonging to the interacting system NGC4631/56. Regular photometric structure and relatively big size of NGC4656UV allows to consider this dwarf galaxy as a separate group member rather than a tidal dwarf. Spectral long-slit observations were used to obtain the kinematical parameters and gas-phase metallicity of NGC4656UV and NGC4656. Our rough estimate of the total dynamical mass of NGC4656UV allowed us to conclude that this galaxy is the dark-matter dominated LSB dwarf or ultra diffuse galaxy. Young stellar population of NGC4656UV, as well as strong local non-circular gas motions in NGC4656 and the low oxygen gas abundance in the region of this galaxy adjacent to its dwarf companion, give evidence in favour of the accretion of metal-poor gas onto the discs of both galaxies.
Environmental Barriers Affecting the Function of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis Based on ICF Core Set

Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) can identify body function, structure impairment, activity limitation, participation restriction, and contextual factors. Objectives: Considering the importance of the role of environmental barriers in disability and function, this study aimed to investigate the environmental barriers affecting the function of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) based on the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals with MS who are registered in the ICF Medical Commission. The participants completed the consent form, the Persian version of the Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and a demographic questionnaire based on the ICF Core Set for MS. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Results: A total of 140 individuals with MS (34 males and 106 females) participated in this study. The most frequently reported environmental barriers were structural and physical, and the least frequently reported barriers were related to work and school. The barriers related to attitudes and support were significantly associated with the motor function (P = 0.003) and total FIM score (P = 0.002). The variables of attitudes and support and policies were the main predictors of motor function (RS = 0.093, P < 0.001) and the total FIM score (RS = 0.109, P < 0.001), respectively. None of the barriers was significant and predictive of cognitive function. Conclusions: Since environmental barriers can affect the function of MS patients, authorities should implement the necessary strategies to eliminate these barriers and facilitate participation.
Ultra-relativistic double explosions

We consider fluid dynamics of relativistic double explosion—when a point explosion with energy E1 is followed by a second explosion with energy E2 after time td (the second explosion could be in a form of a long lasting wind). The primary explosion creates a self-similar relativistic blast wave propagating with Lorentz factor Γ1(t). A sufficiently strong second explosion, with total energy E2≥10−2E1, creates a fast second shock in the external fluid previously shocked by the primary shock. At times longer than the interval between the explosions td, yet short compared with the time when the second shock catches up the primary shock at ∼tdΓ12, the structure of the second shock is approximately self-similar. The self-similar structure of the second shock exists for the case of constant external density (in this case Γ2∝t−7/3), but not for the wind environment. At early times, the Lorentz factor of the second shock may exceed that of the primary shock and may boost the synchrotron emission of locally acceler.
APPROXIMATE COMMON DIVISORS OF POLYNOMIALS AND DEGREE REDUCTION FOR RATIONAL CURVES

This paper deals with how to perturb a given set of polynomials so as to include a common linear factor. An algorithm is derived for determining such a set of perturbation polyrlomials which are subject to certain constrains at the endpoints of a prescribed parametric interval and minimized in a certain sense. This result can be combined with subdivision technique to obtain a continuous piecewise approximation to a rational curve.