Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
affects milk fat globule physicochemical properties and the composition of the milk fat globule membrane

Milk fat secretion is a complex process that initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum of the mammary epithelial cell by the budding of lipid droplets. Lipid droplets are finally released as fat globules in milk enveloped by the apical plasma membrane of the mammary epithelial cell. The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) thus comprises membrane-specific proteins and polar lipids (glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids) surrounding a core of neutral lipids (mainly triacylglycerols and cholesterol esters). We have recently described major proteins of the MFGM in the goat and we have highlighted prominent differences between goats and bovine species, especially regarding lactadherin, a major MFGM protein. Here, we show that, in the goat species, the well-documented genetic polymorphism at the α s1 -casein ( CSN1S1 ) locus affects both structure and composition of milk fat globules. We first evidenced that both milk fat globule size and ζ-potential are related to the α s1 -casein genotype. At midlactation, goats displaying strong genotypes for α s1 -casein (A/A goats) produce larger fat globules than goats with a null genotype at the CSN1S1 locus (O/O goats). A linear relationship (R 2 = 0.75) between fat content (g/ kg) in the milk and diameter of fat globules (μm) was established. Moreover, we found significant differences with regard to MFGM composition (including both polar lipids and MFGM proteins) from goats with extreme genotype at the CSN1S1 locus. At midlactation, the amount of polar lipids is significantly higher in the MFGM from goats with null genotypes for α s1 -casein (O/O goats; 5.97 ± 0.11 mg/g of fat; mean ± standard deviation) than in the MFGM from goats with strong genotypes for α s1 -casein (A/A goats; 3.96 ± 0.12 mg/g of fat; mean ± standard deviation). Two MFGM-asso-ciated proteins, namely lactadherin and stomatin, are also significantly upregulated in the MFGM from goats with null genotype for α s1 -casein at early lactation. Our findings are discussed with regard to techno-functional properties and nutritional value of goat milk. In addition, the genetic polymorphism in the goat species appears to be a tool to provide clues to the lipid secretion pathways in the mammary epithelial cell.
The Correlation between Complaints, Personality Traits and Quality of Life in Menopausal Women

Background: Psychological, biological and social changes in the menopausal period may also affect women’s quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between complaints, personality traits, and quality of life in menopausal women. Methods: The study was conducted with cross-sectional descriptive-correlational design. The population of the study consisted of women aged 45 to 55 years applying to the Menopause Outpatient Clinic in a public hospital between April 2019 and July 2019.The data were acquired using the Participant Information Form, the Cervantes Personality Scale, the Menopause Rating Scale, and the Quality of Life Scale via the face-to-face interview method. Results: It was determined that the women’s average age for menopause was 45.70±5.28 years. It was determined that as the introversion personality trait of the menopausal women increased, the sexual and occupation/working scores of the Quality of Life increased. As their neuroticism scores increased, the emotional, sexual and health area scores of the Quality of Life increased. The women with psychological complaints increasing in the menopausal period displayed higher neurotic personality traits. Conclusion: In the study it was concluded that there was a correlation between menopausal complaints, personality traits and quality of life in menopausal women. As introversion and neuroticism in women increased, complaints in every area of menopause increased, which consequently impaired the quality of life
Prediction of Hospital Outpatient Attendance in UK Hospitals: A Retrospective Study Applying Machine Learning to Routinely Collected Data for Patients of All Ages

Objectives Patient non-attendance at outpatient appointments is a major concern for healthcare providers. Non-attendances increase waiting lists, reduce access to care and may be detrimental not for the patient who did not attend. We aim to produce a model which can accurately predict which appointments will be attended. Setting A teaching hospital in London, UK combining secondary and tertiary care. Participants A set of 9.6 million outpatient appointments between April 2015 and September 2019 including all ages and specialities. Primary and secondary outcome measures Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) for prediction of outpatient appointment non-attendances. Results The model uses 27 predictors to achieve an AUROC score of 0.768 (95% CI: 0.767-0.769) and accuracy of 89.2% (95% CI: 89.16%-89.24%) on test data. We ﬁnd that the waiting period between booking and the appointment, the patient’s past attendance behaviour, and the levels of deprivation in their local area are important factors in predicting future attendance. Conclusion Our model successfully predicts patient attendance at outpatient appointments. Its performance on both patients who did not appear in the training data and appointments from a diﬀerent time period which covers the Covid-19 pandemic indicate it generalized well across both face to face and virtual appointments and could be used to target resources and intervention towards those patients who are likely to miss an appointment.
RRS James Cook Cruise JC120 15 Apr - 19 May 2015. Manzanillo to Manzanillo, Mexico. Managing Impacts of Deep-seA resource exploitation (MIDAS): Clarion-Clipperton Zone North Eastern Area of Particular Environmental Interest

RRS James Cook Cruise JC120 was part of the Managing Impacts of Deep-seA resource exploitation (MIDAS) European Union Framework Programme 7 Project. It was jointly funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council. JC120 was the first UK science cruise to the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the northern equatorial Pacific, an area likely to be targeted for deep-sea mining for polymetallic nodules. This cruise visited the north easternmost Area of Particular Environmental Importance (APEI). There are a total of nine of these APEIs situated to the north and south of the mining claim areas defined by the International Seabed Authority (ISA) across the CCZ. The APEIs have been delineated by the ISA as part of their environmental management plan for the CCZ and are designed to protect representative species and habitats for the CCZ. The APEIs have been designed based on surface ocean characteristics and the topography of the seafloor, estimated from satellite altimetry. At present there has been virtually no sampling of seafloor habitats or species in the APEIs. The NERC cruise aimed to change that. The cruise studied a representative area of the APEI in great detail at high resolution and over a variety of scales. This characterised the habitats, biology, physical and chemical conditions - adding important information about the CCZ in general and making a detailed baseline assessment for this area, which can be compared to other sites and used as a barometer of change in the deep sea associated with mining activities. The NERC cruise JC120 used a variety of tools for assessment of this >4000m deep area of the CCZ. Shipboard mapping of depth and backscatter were carried out (EM12). The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Autosub6000 carried out wide-area acoustic surveys (Edgetech Side-scan sonar, EM2040 Multibeam Bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler), collected seabed photographs and made physical measurements of the water column of the APEI. There were also more detailed HD video and photographic surveys of the seafloor using the HyBIS vehicle. Sediment samples (megacore, boxcore and gravity core), water samples (CTD) and biological samples (Agassiz Trawl) were also collected.
How does contagion affect general equilibrium asset prices

This paper analyzes the equilibrium pricing implications of contagion risk in a Lucastree economy with recursive preferences and jumps. We introduce a new economic channel allowing for the possibility that endowment shocks simultaneously trigger a regime shift to a bad economic state. We document that these contagious jumps have far-reaching asset pricing implications. The risk premium for such shocks is superadditive, i.e. it is 2.5% larger than the sum of the risk premia for pure endowment shocks and regime switches. Moreover, contagion risk reduces the risk-free rate by around 0.5%. We also derive semiclosed-form solutions for the wealth-consumption ratio and the price-dividend ratios in an economy with two Lucas trees and analyze cross-sectional effects of contagion risk qualitatively. We find that heterogeneity among the assets with respect to contagion risk can increase risk premia disproportionately. In particular, big assets with a large exposure to contagious shocks carry significantly higher risk premia.
Acoustic modes attenuation in ducts using CFD with Time-Domain Impedance Boundary Condition

In the framework of improving aircraft nacelle design to comply international regulation on aircraft noise, a Time-Domain Impedance Boundary Condition (TDIBC) based on the Oscillo-Diffusive Representation is implemented in an industrial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver under a characteristic formalism, in order to take into account acoustic liner attenuation. A validation of such TDIBC is carried out, first on a 2D benchmark case, then on a more realistic 3D cylindrical configuration, with focus on the acoustic modal content and its attenuation with and without flow. Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) computations are performed, with the grazing flow being considered laminar. Good agreement is found between the CFD results and the references (CAA results and experiments), with differences in the order of ≈ 1 dB for most cases. The formulation chosen for the TDIBC proved to have no significant impact on numerical stability or computational time. ∗
THE DIVERSITY OF ALGAE PHOSPHOLIPASE D HOMOLOGS REVEALED BY BIOCOMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS 1

Although HKD-PLDs have been thoroughly characterized in plants, animals and bacteria, very little is known about these enzymes in algae. To ﬁll this gap in knowledge, we performed a biocomputational analysis by means of HMMER iterative proﬁling, using most eukaryotic algae genomes available. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that algae exhibit very few eukaryotic-type PLDs but possess, instead, many bacteria-like PLDs. Among algae eukaryotic-type PLDs, we identiﬁed C2-PLDs and PXPH-like PLDs. In addition, the dinoﬂagellate Alexandrium tamarense features several proteins phylogenetically related to oomycete PLDs. Our phylogenetic analysis also showed that
6DOF motion and Cavity Dynamics of a Ventilated Super-cavitating Vehicle with Control Fins

Flow fields around a super-cavitating vehicle with control fins in ventilated cavity and its six-degreesof-freedom (6DOF) motion were investigated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. SNUFOAM, a CFD program based on an open-source CFD toolkit and specialized for naval hydrodynamics, was used in this study. A mixture fluid-based cavitation model and k ω SST model were employed for the analysis of turbulent multiphase flow with liquid water, vapor, and noncondensable gas. Convection and diffusion terms were discretized by the second order upwind and central differencing scheme, respectively. The geometry of interest was a super-cavitating vehicle consisted of a cone-shaped nose, cylindrical main body, and four control fins near the tail. A cavitator and ventilation holes for injecting non-condensable gas were located at the nose of the vehicle. To accommodate the motion of deploying fins, a layering mesh technique was employed, while a mesh morphing technique was used for the motion of the vehicle body. Two different control fin operations, which are deploying and deflecting fins, were applied and the effects of injecting non-condensable gas were also examined.
Mathematical Olympiad in China: Problems and Solutions

2002-2005 China Mathematical Competition 2002-2005 China Mathematical Competition (Extra Tests) 2003-2006 China Mathematical Olympiad 2002-2005 China Girls' Mathematical Olympiad 2002-2005 China Western Mathematical Olympiad 2003-2006 International Mathematical Olympiad.
Theory and Practice of the FFT/Matrix Inversion Technique for Probe-Corrected Spherical Near-Field Antenna Measurements With High-Order Probes

A complete antenna pattern characterization procedure for spherical near-field antenna measurements employing a high-order probe and a full probe correction is described. The procedure allows an (almost) arbitrary antenna to be used as a probe. Different measurement steps of the procedure and the associated data processing are described in detail, and comparison to the existing procedure employing a first-order probe is made. The procedure is validated through measurements.
Monitoring bias and fairness in machine learning models: A review

Introduction Machine learning algorithms are quickly gaining traction in both the private and public sectors for their ability to automate both simple and complex decision-making processes. The vast majority of economic sectors, including transportation, retail, advertisement, and energy, are being disrupted by widespread data digitization and the emerging technologies that leverage it. Computerized systems are being introduced in government operations to improve accuracy and objectivity, and AI is having an impact on democracy and governance [1]. Numerous businesses are using machine learning to analyze massive quantities of data, from calculating credit for loan applications to scanning legal contracts for errors to analyzing employee interactions with customers to detect inappropriate behavior. New tools make it easier than ever for developers to design and deploy machine-learning algorithms [2] [3].
PWM Techniques For The Reduction Of Harmonic Magnitudes At Multiples Of Switching Frequencies

: Conventional constant switching frequency random PWM techniques generate high amount of harmonics at the multiples of switching frequencies. This high magnitude of harmonics causes acoustic noise, vibration and electromagnetic interference to the nearby systems. In this paper a three different types of random variable switching frequencies PWM techniques were discussed and these PWM techniques are able to reduce the magnitude of harmonics at multiples of switching frequencies. As the switching frequencies are varied in a limited range (±500 Hz) filter design also becomes easy. The performance evaluation of these PWM techniques is carried out in MATLAB/ Simulink and results are presented.
Bubble Formation and (In)Efficient Markets in Learning‐to‐forecast and optimise Experiments

This experiment compares the price dynamics and bubble formation in an asset market with a price adjustment rule in three treatments where subjects: (1) submit a price forecast only; (2) choose quantity to buy/sell and (3) perform both tasks. We ﬁnd deviation of the market price from the fundamental price in all treatments, but to a larger degree in treatments (2) and (3). Mispricing is therefore a robust ﬁnding in markets with positive expectation feedback. Some very large, recurring bubbles arise, where the price is three times larger than the fundamental value, which were not seen in former experiments.
Bradoriids from the middle Cambrian 'thin' Stephen Formation at Odaray Mountain, Canadian Rocky Mountains

Two new species of Cambrian bradoriid arthropods have been found in the ‘thin’ Stephen Formation, Odaray Mountain, Canada; the hipponicharionid Flumenoglacies michaeli n. sp. and the comptalutid Phasoia stephenensis n. sp. This paper includes the description and illustrations of these species as well as two undetermined species from the same locality. Phasoia stephenensis n. sp. is the first Phasoia reported from Laurentia and Flumenoglacies michaeli n. sp. belongs to the new genus Flumenoglacies recently described by Peel & Streng (in press) from Greenland.In the discussion previous reports of the genus Phasoia are ordered chronologically and a migration path from Gondwana to Laurentia is suggested. However, more information on the stratigraphic and regional distribution of this taxon is needed to support this theory since Phasoia is so far only known from Australia, South China and now North America.The ornamentation of Phasoia stephenensis n. sp. and Flumenoglacies michaeli n. sp. is discussed and compared with the ornamentation of the hipponicharion Pseudobeyrichona longquanxiensis (Cui 1987), the svealutid Tsunyiella Zhang (1974) and the cambriid Petrianna fulmenata Siveter (1995). It is suggested that it might be remnants of a respiratory system.
Theoretical and observational aspects of relativistic cosmology

Durant ma these j'ai travaille sur des aspects theoriques et observationnels de la cosmologie relativiste. D'un point de vue theorique, j'ai considere deux possibles solutions au probleme de l'energie sombre: les effets des inhomogeneites induits, par retroaction, sur des echelles cosmologiques, et l'introduction d'un champ scalaire qui peut expliquer l'acceleration de l'expansion de l'univers. Du cote observationnel, j'ai etudie la distribution des galaxies en fonction des quantites reellement observables et considerant tous les effets relativistes au premier ordre dans la theorie des perturbations. J'ai analyse avec quelle precision de futures experiences pourront estimer les parametres cosmologiques et j'ai calcule la contribution des differents effets a la distribution des galaxies.
LASER: A Maximum Likelihood Toolkit for Detecting Temporal Shifts in Diversification Rates From Molecular Phylogenies

Rates of species origination and extinction can vary over time during evolutionary radiations, and it is possible to reconstruct the history of diversification using molecular phylogenies of extant taxa only. Maximum likelihood methods provide a useful framework for inferring temporal variation in diversification rates. LASER is a package for the R programming environment that implements maximum likelihood methods based on the birth-death process to test whether diversification rates have changed over time. LASER contrasts the likelihood of phylogenetic data under models where diversification rates have changed over time to alternative models where rates have remained constant over time. Major strengths of the package include the ability to detect temporal increases in diversification rates and the inference of diversification parameters under multiple rate-variable models of diversification. The program and associated documentation are freely available from the R package archive at http://cran.r-project.org.
microRNAs slow translating ribosomes to prevent protein misfolding in eukaryotes

Slower translation rates reduce protein misfolding. Such reductions in speed can be mediated by the presence of non‐optimal codons, which allow time for proper folding to occur. Although this phenomenon is conserved from bacteria to humans, it is not known whether there are additional eukaryote‐specific mechanisms which act in the same way. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), not present in prokaryotes, target both coding sequences (CDS) and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). Given their low suppressive efficiency, it has been unclear why miRNAs are equally likely to bind to a CDS. Here, we show that miRNAs transiently stall translating ribosomes, preventing protein misfolding with little negative effect on protein abundance. We first analyzed ribosome profiles and miRNA binding sites to examine whether miRNAs stall ribosomes. Furthermore, either global or specific miRNA deficiency accelerated ribosomes and induced aggregation of a misfolding‐prone polypeptide reporter. These defects were rescued by slowing ribosomes using non‐cleaving shRNAs as miRNA mimics. We finally show that proinsulin misfolding, associated with type II diabetes, was resolved by non‐cleaving shRNAs. Our findings provide a eukaryote‐specific mechanism of co‐translational protein folding and a previously unknown mechanism of action to target protein misfolding diseases.
Teacher's Mental Health: A Descriptive Study of Subject Specialist Teachers at Higher Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Teachers are considered the backbone of any educational system. They are expected to perform effectively with sound mental health. However, it is observed that teachers are the victim of many mental and physical problems irrespective of the reasons that could be inside or outside the school (Goel, 2015). Therefore, the current study will help school teachers, principals and parents to realize the importance of mental health and to facilitate teachers by providing mental health counselling for wellbeing of community. In this regard, to explore mental health of teachers, descriptive research was conducted to investigate the mental health of male and female subject specialist teachers at Higher Secondary School level. A sample of 141 subject specialists, both male ( 79 ) and female ( 62 ), were selected from 35 Higher Secondary Schools of district Peshawar through proportionate (50%) stratified random sampling technique. A standardized Mental health checklist was adopted for the collection of data. The findings of the study revealed that both male and female teachers rarely suffer from mental problems and physical problems. Also, both the groups possessed better mental health. However, there is no significant difference between mental health of male and female teachers. Further exploration of the results and recommendations are discussed.
The Dynamic Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Education Market Return Dynamics

In order to better explore the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the education market, this paper uses the time-varying parameter - random ﬂuctuation vector auto regression (TVP-SV-VAR) model to analyze the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the education rate of return and the education volatility. The results show that EPU has a signiﬁcant time-varying effect on the return rate of China’s education market, and the short-term effect is the most signiﬁcant. In terms of education volatility, EPU has a stronger inﬂuence on education market volatility in the medium and long term. In addition, when a crisis or major event occurs, the impact of EPU on China’s education market is greater and has a lag effect, among which the China-Us trade dispute and the impact of COVID-19 make the biggest contribution to market volatility.
POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND INFORMALITY IN UGANDA: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

: In this paper, we analyzed the long-run relationship between political instability and the shadow economy in Uganda using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration. We found a negative and statistically significant relationship between political instability and the shadow economy, in both the long-run and short-run. This implies that an improvement in political processes that creates stability in the incumbent regime significantly reduces the shadow economy, consistent with the view that political institutions play a crucial role in facilitating political processes, which in turn reinforce the allocation of economic resources and the provision of public goods and services that improve the welfare of the citizens. This makes it less attractive for the citizens to operate in the shadow economy as the formal economy can now provide much of the needed goods and services. The practical implication of these results is that any attempts by policy makers to reduce activities in the shadow economy should also involve reforming the political system and encouraging civic engagement between the political elites and the citizenry or voters. Additionally, policy makers should formulate policies that reinforce the functioning of political institutions independent of any interference from political elites with rent-seeking behavior.