Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of experiences of reading for mental health and well-being and their relation to models of bibliotherapy

Bibliotherapy is the use of imaginative or self-help literature as an intervention for mental health problems. It aims to provide psycho-social support and treatment and is used with individuals or in a group. Bibliotherapy has come to prominence in the UK over the past decade. Bibliotherapy schemes mainly operate in partnership between the public library and the NHS. Previous research on bibliotherapy has focused on the quantitative effectiveness of the intervention or anecdotal report of individual successes. Evaluation of current schemes and qualitative investigation of the views of those experiencing bibliotherapy have been neglected in previous research, providing the rationale for this thesis. The thesis argues that because there have been shortcomings in previous research, there are differences in the understanding between those managing bibliotherapy schemes, and those using the schemes. The thesis has a dual research design; it critically analyses the emergence of the main models of bibliotherapy in the UK, deconstructing them using an Actor-Network Theory framework. Document analysis, interview data, and descriptive statistics contribute to these findings. Analysis concludes that the focus of these models is not always user-centred, with other factors driving the implementation of the intervention e.g. cost-effectiveness and health policy requirements. The type of text used is a key element of the intervention. The thesis also takes a qualitative, ethnographic approach based on Interpretive Interactionism to investigate the experiences of people with mental health problems who use bibliotherapy. Data was collected via an interview and observation study. It concludes that there are diverse uses of bibliotherapy. Building on the gaps between the application of bibliotherapy and the experience of using it, the central finding of the thesis is the emergence of four user-centred models of bibliotherapy, focused on the outcomes of bibliotherapy rather than the text used. These proposed models reflect the emotive, escapist, informational, and social outcomes of using bibliotherapy as a form of support for mental health problems.
Simulation of a power package with underfill resin and silicon gel

This paper investigates the effects of underfill epoxy resin and silicone gel elastomer on packaging induced thermal mechanical stresses for a simplified double-sided cooling power package using finite element method. Visco-elastic and hyper-elastic constitutive models were used to simulate the non-linear material properties. The results were compared to the models with linear elastic material.
Detecting Important Nodes to Community Structure Using the Spectrum of the Graph

Community structure analysis is a powerful tool for complex networks, which can simplify their functional analysis considerably. Many approaches have recently been proposed to the communities in complex networks, but a method to characterize the node importance to communities is still lacking. In this paper a centrality metric is proposed to measure the importance of network nodes to community structure using the spectrum of the adjacency matrix. We define the node importance to communities as the relative change in the eigenvalues of the network adjacency matrix upon their removal. Besides that, we also propose an index to distinguish two kind of important nodes in communities, ie. “community core” and “bridge”. The method has been tested in many artificial and real-world networks. The results show that our method preforms well in many cases, including artificial networks and many real-world networks.
Dishware size and snack food intake in a between-subjects laboratory experiment

Abstract Objective The use of smaller dishware as a way of reducing food consumption has intuitive appeal and is recommended to the general public. Recent experimental studies have failed to find an effect of plate size on food intake, although the methods used across studies have varied. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect that bowl size had on snack food consumption in a ‘typical’ snacking context (snacking while watching television). Design Between-subjects. Setting Laboratory experiment. Subjects Sixty-one adult participants served themselves and ate popcorn while watching television. Participants were randomly assigned to serve themselves with and eat from either a small or a large bowl. Results The use of a smaller bowl size did not reduce food consumption. Unexpectedly, participants in the small bowl condition tended to consume more popcorn (34·0 g) than participants in the large bowl condition (24·9 g; 37 % increase, d=0·5), although the statistical significance of this difference depended on whether analyses were adjusted to account for participant characteristics (e.g. gender) associated with food intake (P=0·02) or not (P=0·07). Conclusions Counter to widely held belief, the use of a smaller bowl did not reduce snack food intake. Public health recommendations advising the use of smaller dishware to reduce food consumption are premature, as this strategy may not be effective.
Expression of p75NTR and Its Associated Protein NADE in the Rat Cochlea

Objectives/Hypothesis To investigate the expression of the low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR) and its associated protein NADE in the cochlea of the developing and the adult rat. Studies such as this one will help to predict the functional role of p75NTR and NADE in cochlear development.
Sympathetic innervation alters activation of pacemaker current (If) in rat ventricle

1 Pacemaker current (If) exists in both neonatal and adult ventricles, but activates at more negative voltages in the adult. This study uses whole‐cell patch clamp to investigate the factors that may contribute to the maturational shift of If, comparing neonatal rat ventricular myocytes that were cultured for 4‐6 days either alone, in co‐culture with sympathetic nerves, or with neurotransmitters chronically present in culture. 2 I f recorded from nerve‐muscle co‐cultures had a significantly more negative and shallower activation‐voltage relation than that from control muscle cultures, which was reflected in the midpoint potential (V50) and slope factor (K) of activation. This effect of innervation was prevented by the sustained presence in the culture of the α1‐adrenergic antagonist prazosin (Pz) at 10−7 M. 3 In parallel experiments, myocytes treated with noradrenaline (NA) at 10−7 M or neuropeptide Y (NPY) at 10−7 M during culture had the same If activation as control cells, but cells treated with NA and NPY together had a significantly more negative and shallower activation curve. Maximum conductance and reversal potential were unchanged. 4 The effect of chronic exposure to NA + NPY was prevented by the sustained presence of either Pz or the NPY Y2 selective antagonist T4‐[NPY(33‐36)]4 (3.5 × 10−7 M) in the culture, indicating a requirement for both α1‐adrenergic and NPY Y2 activation. 5 Substituting NA with the α1A‐adrenergic selective agonist A61603 (5‐10 × 10−9 M), in the presence of NPY, did not alter If, suggesting the involvement of α1B‐ rather than α1A‐adrenoceptors. Further, sequential exposure to NPY followed by NA was effective in reproducing the action of chronic simultaneous exposure to these agonists, but sequential exposure to NA followed by NPY was ineffective. 6 The results are consistent with past studies indicating that NPY affects the functional expression of the α1B‐adrenergic cascade and suggest that sympathetic innervation induces a negative shift of If in ventricle via a combined action at α1B‐adrenergic and NPY Y2 receptors. This effect of innervation probably contributes to the developmental maturation of If activation.
Calcium wave fronts that cross gap junctions may signal neuronal death during development

Embryonic anterior pagoda (AP) neurons in the leech interact with their segmental homologs in adjacent ganglia through transient axons that overlap during a critical period of development and then retract. However, when an AP neuron is ablated mechanically or by irradiation during this period, an adjacent homolog responds by reinitiating growth of its overlapped axon and thereby taking over vacated territory (Gao and Macagno, 1987b; Gao, 1989). The death of an AP cell is therefore communicated to its homolog, but the mechanism underlying this signaling is presently unknown. Since it was recently found that AP homologs are electrically and dye coupled through their transient axons (Wolszon et al., 1994), we investigated the possibility that gap junctions may mediate the cell death signal that could occur between developing neurons. Among several candidate intercellular signals, we began by studying calcium dynamics in embryonic AP cells, in situ, since calcium is known to cross gap junctions and is implicated in cell death in many systems. We found that elements that usually increase [Ca2+]i in adult neurons, such as releasable internal stores or voltage- dependent calcium channels, were not present at the critical period. Instead, mechanisms that reduce free calcium, such as buffering and pumping, were the most robust. When a large, focal calcium rise was produced in an AP axon by making a lesion with a UV microbeam (leading to eventual death of these neurons), calcium did not rise quickly throughout the cell, but rather moved in a slow (0.05–0.25 micron/sec) wave front away from the lesion site, into other processes of the damaged cell. Furthermore, when a calcium wave front reached the growth cone of a transient axon, it crossed at the gap junctions into the coupled axon of the neighboring AP neuron, but went no further. Since it is known that an AP responds to a neighbor's death by reinitiating growth only in that axon that contacts the dying cell (Gao and Macagno, 1987b; Gao, 1989), these observations are consistent with calcium playing a role in the signaling of cell death to homologs that are coupled to a dying cell.
Towards people based movement interaction and kinaesthetic interaction experiences

Despite a long tradition of user centred human computer interaction design, movement interaction, as it is still in its early phase, could be described as technology driven. This paper suggests taking the starting point in personal experiences as well as theories, of modern dance and body-centred philosophies, when studying human movement in order to inform people centred movement interaction design. Taking this approach also implies designing for a kinaesthetic interaction experience that includes the aesthetic part of kinaesthetics.
International lung cancer trends by histologic type: Male:Female differences diminishing and adenocarcinoma rates rising

Lung cancer rates have peaked among men in many areas of the world, but rates among women continue to rise. Most lung cancers are squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma; trends vary according to type. We compiled population‐based morphology‐specific incidence data from registries contributing to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) databases. Unspecified cancers and carcinomas were reallocated based on a registry, time period, sex and age group‐specific basis. Where available, data from several registries within a country were pooled for analysis. Rates per 100,000 person‐years for 1980–1982 to 1995–1997 were age‐adjusted by the direct method using the world standard. Squamous cell carcinoma rates among males declined 30% or more in North America and some European countries while changing less dramatically in other areas; small cell carcinoma rates decreased less rapidly. Squamous and small cell carcinoma rates among females generally rose, with the increases especially pronounced in the Netherlands and Norway. In contrast, adenocarcinoma rates rose among males and females in virtually all areas, with the increases among males exceeding 50% in many areas of Europe; among females, rates also rose rapidly and more than doubled in Norway, Italy and France. Rates of all lung cancer types among women and adenocarcinoma among men continue to rise despite declining cigarette use in many Western countries and shifts to filtered/low‐tar cigarettes. Renewed efforts toward cessation and prevention are mandatory to curb the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to reduce lung cancer rates eventually. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human trust: Testosterone raises suspicion

In his autobiography, Mark Twain recalls his boyhood love of abducting live bats from a local cave and installing them in his coat pocket. Arriving home, he would trick his poor mother, whom he described as full of trust and confidence: “When I said, ‘There’s something in my coat pocket for you,’ she would put her hand in. But she always took it out again, herself; I didn’t have to tell her. ” Evolutionary psychologists might posit that women have been selected for nurturing qualities, which might include a warm, trusting nature such as afflicted Twain’s mother. Selection probably would not involve the evolution of separate genes found only in females or in males but rather genes that are present in both sexes but are more likely to be expressed in one sex than the other. Thus, there has been a good deal of interest in the idea that hormones that are more prevalent in one sex could modulate genes to engender sex differences in behavior. For trust and cooperativity, one particular hormone—the peptide oxytocin—has been implicated in several studies (1–3). This peptide is specifically released during childbirth, lactation, and orgasm, so it is in greater circulation in women than in men in at least some contexts and does seem to promote more trusting behavior (2). In PNAS, Bos et al. (4) pinpoint another hormone that may modulate interpersonal trust, but in the opposite direction: testosterone (T). They report that providing this steroid hormone to women reduces their interpersonal trust, specifically how trustworthy they rated strangers based on facial photographs.
Visual Odometry for Tracked Vehicles

Localization and mapping on autonomous robots typically requires a good pose estimate, which is hard to acquire if the vehicle is tracked. In this paper we describe a solution to the pose estimation problem by utilizing a consumer-quality camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The basic idea is to continuously track salient features with the KLT feature tracker over multiple images taken by the camera and to extract from the tracked features image vectors resulting from the robot’s motion. Each image vector is taken for a voting that best explains the robot’s motion. Image vectors vote according to a previously trained tile coding classificator that assigns to each possible image vector a translation probability. Our results show that the proposed single camera solution leads to sufficiently accurate pose estimates of the tracked vehicle.
Evidence-based guideline update: Pharmacologic treatment for episodic migraine prevention in adults

Objective: To provide updated evidence-based recommendations for the preventive treatment of migraine headache. The clinical question addressed was: What pharmacologic therapies are proven effective for migraine prevention? Methods: The authors analyzed published studies from June 1999 to May 2009 using a structured review process to classify the evidence relative to the efficacy of various medications available in the United States for migraine prevention. Results and Recommendations: The author panel reviewed 284 abstracts, which ultimately yielded 29 Class I or Class II articles that are reviewed herein. Divalproex sodium, sodium valproate, topiramate, metoprolol, propranolol, and timolol are effective for migraine prevention and should be offered to patients with migraine to reduce migraine attack frequency and severity (Level A). Frovatriptan is effective for prevention of menstrual migraine (Level A). Lamotrigine is ineffective for migraine prevention (Level A).
Type IIA/M-theory Moduli fixing in a Class of Orientifold Models

We present the study of type II A flux vacua and their M-theory duals for compactification on a class of Calabi-Yau orientifolds. The Kahler potential is derived from toroidal compactifications and the superpotential contains a contribution from non-Abelian gauge degrees of freedoms. We obtain complete stabilisation of the moduli. We found one supersymmetric minimum and several non supersymmetric ones. Consistency of the analysis constrains the parameters of the models in a finite region containing a finite, although very large, number of flux vacua. From the M-theory side, we found some differences in the distributions of the physical quantities with respect to the M-theory ensemble studied by Acharya et al [1]. In particular, it is easier to find small supersymmetry breaking scale.
La estimulación mental como factor potenciador de la reserva cognitiva y del envejecimiento activo

Population aging brings forward social and demographical changes that are driving the search for strategies to help delay or counteract age-related cognitive decline and to identify interventions addressed to build the “cognitive reserve”. Our main aim is to show how mental stimulation and cognitive training may be factors which will drive us to a more successful and active aging. A high cognitive reserve may act as a neuroprotective factor against the initiation and development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The neurobiological basis of this reserve has not been clearly established but different factors like education, physical exercise, occupation, bilingualism, social relationships, intellectual stimulation or nutrition could play a relevant role. The present review focuses specifically on the effects of complex environments and mental stimulation, highlighting the controversy regarding potential benefits of different types of brain training. It also discusses the role of creativity as a resilience promoting factor and its possible contribution to a more active aging. Further studies are needed, both clinical and epidemiological, in order to design interventions aimed at enhancing the cognitive reserve and confirming the hypothesis that cognitive and physical activity is the best way to prevent cognitive decline associated with aging.
The types and severity of high myopic maculopathy in Chinese patients

Citation information: Chen H, Wen F, Li H, Zuo C, Zhang X, Huang S & Luo G. The types and severity of high myopic maculopathy in Chinese patients. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011. 00861.x
Generation of robotic assembly sequences with consideration of line balancing using simulated annealing

An assembly sequence is considered to be optimal when the sequence satisfies assembly constraints and yields the minimum assembly cost. While, a line balancing solution is considered to be optimal when the solution has the minimum idle time of the line, i.e. the minimum number of workstations for a given cycle time. Although optimal assembly sequences are generated without considering line balancing, they may not guarantee the minimum number of workstations. In such case, additional cost should be required to accommodate the increased number of workstations. Therefore, it is essential to consider line balancing in the generation of cost-effective assembly sequences. To generate such line-balanced assembly sequences for robotic assembly, this paper treats a single-model and deterministic (SMD) assembly line balancing (ALB) problem, and proposes a new method using a simulated annealing. In this method, an energy function is derived in consideration of the satisfaction of assembly constraints, and the minimization of assembly cost and the idle time. Then, the energy function is iteratively minimized and occasionally perturbed by a simulated annealing. When no further change in energy occurs, a solution of assembly sequence with consideration of line balancing is finally obtained. To show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, case studies are presented for industrial products such as an electrical relay and an automobile alternator.
Immunohistochemical distribution of ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin in granulomas of bovine paratuberculosis

Granulomatous lesions of bovine paratuberculosis contained ferritin, lactoferrin, and a small amount of transferrin, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical method. Macrophages in the normal bovine ileum did not contain lactoferrin and transferrin; however, ferritin was found in individual macrophages of Peyer's patches. These results may help elucidate the relationship between intracellular growth of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the presence of iron-binding proteins in the granulomas.
Utility-Function-Based Self-Adaptation in Elevator Group Control System

Utility functions provide a natural and advantageous way for achieving self-adaptation in distributed systems. We implemented in a realistic prototype elevator group control system(EGCS), that demonstrates how utility functions can continually optimize the use of elevators in a dynamic environment. A global manager allocates elevators among the whole system based on throughput obtained from the monitors of the floors. We present empirical data that demonstrate the effectiveness of our utility function scheme in handling realistic, fluctuating workloads running on a test PC .
Die Persönlichkeit von Lehrern und mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Unterrichtsgestaltung [Einzelbeitrag]

Untersuchungen an der PH Karlsruhe ergaben einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen der Personlichkeit von Lehramtsstudenten und der Normalbervolkerung. Wir vermuten, dass diese Unterschiede einen direkten Einfluss auf die Wahl des didaktischen Methodeninstrumentariums haben und empfehlen die Untersuchung der Personlichkeit als wichtige Variable der didaktischen Ausbildung an den (padagogischen) Hochschulen.
NlpD links cell wall remodeling and outer membrane invagination during cytokinesis in Escherichia coli

Cytokinesis in gram-negative bacteria requires the constriction of all three cell envelope layers: the inner membrane (IM), the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall and the outer membrane (OM). In order to avoid potentially lethal breaches in cell integrity, this dramatic reshaping of the cell surface requires tight coordination of the different envelope remodeling activities of the cytokinetic ring. However, the mechanisms responsible for this coordination remain poorly defined. One of the few characterized regulatory points in the envelope remodeling process is the activation of cell wall hydrolytic enzymes called amidases. These enzymes split cell wall material shared by developing daughter cells to facilitate their eventual separation. In Escherichia coli, amidase activity requires stimulation by one of two partially redundant activators: EnvC, which is associated with the IM, and NlpD, a lipoprotein anchored in the OM. Here, we investigate the regulation of amidase activation by NlpD. Structure-function analysis revealed that the OM localization of NlpD is critical for regulating its amidase activation activity. To identify additional factors involved in the NlpD cell separation pathway, we also developed a genetic screen using a flow cytometry-based enrichment procedure. This strategy allowed us to isolate mutants that form long chains of unseparated cells specifically when the redundant EnvC pathway is inactivated. The screen implicated the Tol-Pal system and YraP in NlpD activation. The Tol-Pal system is thought to promote OM invagination at the division site. YraP is a conserved protein of unknown function that we have identified as a new OM-localized component of the cytokinetic ring. Overall, our results support a model in which OM and PG remodeling events at the division site are coordinated in part through the coupling of NlpD activation with OM invagination.