Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making Modeling Emergency Department Visit Patterns for Infectious Disease Complaints: Results and Application to Disease Surveillance

Background: Concern over bio-terrorism has led to recognition that traditional public health surveillance for specific conditions is unlikely to provide timely indication of some disease outbreaks, either naturally occurring or induced by a bioweapon. In non-traditional surveillance, the use of health care resources are monitored in "near real" time for the first signs of an outbreak, such as increases in emergency department (ED) visits for respiratory, gastrointestinal or neurological chief complaints (CC).
Personal Illness Narratives: Using Reflective Writing to Teach Empathy

Reflective writing is one established method for teaching medical students empathetic interactions with patients. Most such exercises rely on students’ reflecting upon clinical experiences. To effectively elicit, interpret, and translate the patient's story, however, a reflective practitioner must also be self-aware, personally and professionally. Race, gender, and other embodied sources of identity of practitioners and patients have been shown to influence the nature of clinical communication. Yet, although medical practice is dedicated to examining, diagnosing, and treating bodies, the relationship of physicians to their own physicality is vexed. Medical training creates a dichotomy whereby patients are identified by their bodies while physicians’ bodies are secondary to physicians’ minds. As a result, little opportunity is afforded to physicians to deal with personal illness experiences, be they their own or those of loved ones. This article describes a reflective writing exercise conducted in a second-year medical student humanities seminar. The “personal illness narrative” exercise created a medium for students to elicit, interpret, and translate their personal illness experiences while witnessing their colleagues’ stories. Qualitative analysis of students’ evaluation comments indicated that the exercise, although emotionally challenging, was well received and highly recommended for other students and residents. The reflective writing exercise may be incorporated into medical curricula aimed at increasing trainees’ empathy. Affording students and residents an opportunity to describe and share their illness experiences may counteract the traditional distancing of physicians’ minds from their bodies and lead to more empathic and self-aware practice.
Loss reduction of transformer for LLC resonant converter using a magnetoplated wire

To improve the power density of a switching power supply, we attempt to reduce the transformer loss using a magnetoplated wire (MPW). Contrary to using a copper wire, the use of an MPW allows for a reduction of the winding loss component due to the proximity effect. In particular, we investigate the 1-MHz LLC resonant converter using an MPW. A 4.5% decrease in the power loss is achieved, giving 29.4 W at 1 MHz and 1 kW.
Serial killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes: T cell receptor triggers degranulation, re‐filling of the lytic granules and secretion of lytic proteins via a non‐granule pathway

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones begin to synthesize the lytic proteins granzyme A, granzyme B and perforin after stimulation with allogeneic target cells. The lytic proteins are stored in the secretory granules which are released after cross‐linking of the T cell receptor (TcR) upon target cell recognition. During lytic granule biogenesis granzyme A protein synthesis can be detected between 2 and 10 days after allogeneic stimulation of the CTL. Although granzyme A is stored in the lytic granules over this period, the majority of granzyme A synthesized is secreted directly from the CTL.
'Am I Doing What I am Supposed to be Doing?': Mentoring novice teachers through the uncertainties and challenges of their first year of teaching

Three teacher educators formed a new teacher support group for three novices whom we had prepared, in order to help them deal with challenges and uncertainties of the first year of teaching. Using narrative inquiry, we collected the novice teachers' stories by composing field texts, using audiotaped interview data, classroom observations, bi-monthly journal entries, and participant personal narratives as data sources. Common patterns across the data stories included induction into the isolation of teaching, interest in NOT abandoning university teacher preparation, and the need to learn from mentoring. The implications provide discussion of the educative role of teacher support groups in learning to teach, and university involvement in learning to teach during the induction years.
The search for a definition of psychological maltreatment

The slogan, “words can hit as hard as fists,” has brought home to many Americans the importance of combating psychological maltreatment of children. Most everyone agrees that psychological maltreatment is a problem worth understanding and eliminating. Despite this consensus, relatively little research has been done on psychological maltreatment, at least not under that rubric. Why should such an important topic evade rigorous and intense study? One reason may be that researchers have been hampered by the lack of a generally accepted definition. According to Hart, Germain, and Brassard (1987), “Sufficiently rigorous operational definitions do not presently exist and they therefore deserve first priority in psychological maltreatment work” (p. 16).
Response Time Analysis of Gang Scheduling for Real Time Systems

This paper investigates the application of gang scheduling-based algorithms for real time systems that contain multiple processors. We derive the worst-case response time analysis for gang scheduling with and without machine sharing among jobs. The framework presented for calculating the worst-case response time is general, and can be used with any gang scheduling-based algorithm. We also propose and analyze an algorithm which has the following characteristic: if is not possible to generate a feasible schedule with the proposed algorithm, no other algorithm can generate a feasible schedule when all jobs are gang scheduled. All algorithms are analyzed using fixed, pre-defined priorities. We conclude that gang scheduling can be an effective policy for workloads where all jobs have real-time constraints.
Early enteral supplementation with key pharmaconutrients improves Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in critically ill patients with sepsis: Outcome of a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial*

Objective:To assess the safety and efficacy of an early enteral pharmaconutrition supplement containing glutamine dipeptides, antioxidative vitamins and trace elements, and butyrate in critically ill, septic patients. Design:A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Setting:Adult intensive care unit in a university hospital. Patients:Fifty-five critically ill, septic patients requiring enteral feeding. Interventions:Patients received either an enteral supplement (500 mL of Intestamin, Fresenius Kabi) containing conditionally essential nutrients or a control solution via the nasogastric route for up to 10 days. Inclusion occurred within 24 hrs of intensive care unit admission. Additionally, patients received enteral feeding with an immunonutrition formula (experimental group) or standard formula (control group) initiated within 48 hrs after enrollment. Measurements and Main Results:Organ dysfunction was assessed by daily total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score over the 10-day study period in both patient groups. Patients receiving the experimental supplement showed a significantly faster decline in the regression slopes of delta daily total SOFA score over time compared with control. The difference between the regression coefficients of the two slopes was significant irrespective of the level of analysis: intent to treat −0.32 vs. −0.14, p < . 0001; per protocol −0.34 vs. −0.14, p < . 0001; and completers (patients receiving ≥80% of the calculated caloric target over a period of 6 days), −0.26 vs. −0.16, p = . 0005. Vitamin C, as a marker of supplement absorption, increased from 10.6 (1.9–159.4) &mgr;mol/L (normal range 20–50 &mgr;mol/L) on day 1 to 58.7 (5.4–189.9) &mgr;mol/L by day 3 (p = .002) in the intervention group but remained below the normal range in the control group 17.0 (2.8–78.5) on day 1 and 14.3 (2.4–179.6) on day 3. Serum levels of glycine, serine, arginine, ornithine, vitamin E, and &bgr;-carotene all increased significantly with treatment in the supplementation group. Conclusions:In medical patients with sepsis, early enteral pharmaconutrition with glutamine dipeptides, vitamin C and E, &bgr;-carotene, selenium, zinc, and butyrate in combination with an immunonutrition formula results in significantly faster recovery of organ function compared with control.
Rolling with the Changes: A Role Congruity Perspective on Gender Norms

Role congruity theory (e.g., Eagly & Diekman, 2005) posits that a group will be positively evaluated when its characteristics are perceived to align with the requirements of the group's typical social roles. Social roles may thus form the basis of norms that prescribe valued behavior for men and women. Three experiments explored the relationship between perceived social roles and the prescriptive content of gender stereotypes by examining perceptions of cross-temporal role change. In the first study, participants evaluated the gender-stereotypic traits of past, present, and future men and women. In the second study, participants evaluated descriptions of consensually perceived trends for men and women. In the third study, participants read experimentally manipulated descriptions of role changes in a novel society and evaluated the traits of future citizens. Perceptions of cross-temporal changes in social roles (whether naturally occurring or experimentally manipulated) were associated with differential valuing of role-congruent characteristics. In general, participants' responses reflected a pattern of anticipated accommodation to shifts in social roles, with greater value projected for characteristics that facilitate role success.
Does the combination of warfarin and aspirin have a place in secondary stroke prevention? No.

The combined use of warfarin plus aspirin for secondary stroke prevention occurs primarily in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD). This drug combination is also used in patients with mechanical heart valves or occasionally in stroke/TIA patients who are deemed to be at high-risk for recurrent events. It is estimated that approximately 20% of patients on warfarin also receive aspirin and aside from patients with mechanical heart valves the use of this combination is tenuous.1,2 The most common clinical scenario for using warfarin plus aspirin is for primary or secondary stroke prevention in AF patients who also have CAD. The rationale for using this combination typically is the widespread belief that the use of warfarin, although clearly of benefit for stroke risk reduction, should be supplemented with aspirin for reducing the risk of coronary ischemic events. The basis for this assumption is unclear, and the combined use of warfarin plus aspirin substantially increases the risk of major bleeding side effects, including intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). 2 The efficacy of aspirin for reducing ischemic …
Nitrofurazone-reducing enzymes in E. coli and their role in drug activation in vivo.

Earlier work showed that Escherichia coli contains at least two enzymes which reduce nitrofurazone and other nitrofuran derivatives. One of these enzymes is lacking in some nitrofurazone-resistant mutant strains. We now report that there are three separable nitrofuran reductases in this organism: reductase I (mol. wt. approximately 50 000, insensitive to O2), reductase IIa (mol. wt. approximately 120 000, inhibited by oxygen), reductase IIb (mol. wt. approximately 700 000, inhibited by O2). Unstable metabolites formed during the reduction of nitrofurazone by preparations containing reductases IIa and IIb produce breaks in DNA in vitro. In vivo experiments with nitrofurazone-resistant strains, which lack reductase II but contain reductases IIa and IIb, demonstrated that lethality, mutation, and DNA breakage are all greatly increased when cultures are incubated under anaerobic conditions, i.e., conditions such that reductase II is active. These results provide further evidence for the importance of reductive activation of nitrofurazone.
Picobirnavirus in Captive Animals from Uruguay: Identification of New Hosts

The Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been detected in several species of animals from different countries worldwide, including in South America. The host range of these viruses has increased in recent years; thus, in order to contribute to the knowledge in this topic we analyzed samples from captivity animals from Uruguay. We found the presence of PBVs in four species of animals, Panthera leo, Panthera onca, Puma concolor and Oncifelis geoffroyi, representing new PBV-susceptible hosts. All strains belonged to genogroup I.
Religion, personality and happiness

Abstract A sample of 212 undergraduate students in the USA completed the Oxford Happiness Inventory and the Francis Scale of Attitude Toward Christianity alongside the short form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The data confirm that the happiest individuals are those who score low on neuroticism, high on extraversion and high on the scale of attitude toward Christianity, while the least happy individuals are those who score high on neuroticism, low on extraversion and low on the scale of attitude toward Christianity.
Quantum inductance and high frequency oscillators in graphene nanoribbons

Here we investigate high frequency AC transport through narrow graphene nanoribbons with top-gate potentials that form a localized quantum dot. We show that as a consequence of the finite dwell time of an electron inside the quantum dot (QD), the QD behaves like a classical inductor at sufficiently high frequencies GHz. When the geometric capacitance of the top-gate and the quantum capacitance of the nanoribbon are accounted for, the admittance of the device behaves like a classical serial RLC circuit with resonant frequencies ω ∼ 100–900 GHz and Q-factors greater than 106. These results indicate that graphene nanoribbons can serve as all-electronic ultra-high frequency oscillators and filters, thereby extending the reach of high frequency electronics into new domains.
A reduced dose of ribavirin does not influence the virologic response during pegylated interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin combination therapy in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C

Background/Aims When combined with pegylated interferon alpha-2b (Peg-IFN α-2b) for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Korea, the current guideline for the initial ribavirin (RBV) dose is based on body weight. However, since the mean body weight is lower for Korean patients than for patients in Western countries, current guidelines might result in Korean patients being overdosed with RBV. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with genotype 1 CHC who were treated with Peg-IFN α-2b and RBV combination therapy. We divided the patients into groups A (≥15 mg/kg/day, n=23) and B (<15 mg/kg/day, n=26), given that the standard dose is 15 mg/kg/day. The clinical course in terms of the virologic response, adverse events, and dose modification rate was compared between the two groups after therapy completion. Results The early response rates (92.0% vs. 83.3%, P=0.634) and sustained virologic response rates (82.6% vs. 73.1%, P=0.506) did not differ significantly between the two groups. During the treatment period, the RBV dose reduction rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (60.9% vs. 23.1%, P=0.01). Conclusions RBV dose reduction is performed frequently when patients are treated according to the current Korean guidelines. Given that lowering the RBV dose did not appear to decrease the virologic response during therapy, reducing RBV doses below the current Korean guideline may be effective for treatment, especially in low-weight patients.
Engineering Education Systems in Japanese Universities

One major reason for the striking economic success in Japan is the vast pool of highly qualified engineers graduated each year from over 800 public and private universities and colleges. Over half of the graduating senior high school students receive some sort of higher education or professional training and more than 35 percent are able to attend public or private universities. In 1982, Japan's university institutions were able to churn out 74,000 engineers, compared with 88,000 engineers trained in the United States, which has a population nearly twice that of Japan. On average, Japan spent 10 percent of its gross national product on education alone (i.e., about $120 billion per year),' making her one of the largest spenders for education in the world.2 In this paper I shall look into various aspects of engineering education in several Japanese universities and try to draw comparisons with those in Australian universities. The figures and curricula are drawn mainly from three Japanese universities: Tokyo University (TU), Tokyo Institute of Technology (TIT), and Osaka University (OU). They may well be equally applicable to many other universities in Japan, as the engineering faculties in these three universities are usually trendsetters for others to follow. Similarly, the engineering faculty at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) is the largest in Australia, and the data quoted may be applied to other Australian universities as well.
Light-powering Escherichia coli with proteorhodopsin

Proteorhodopsin (PR) is a light-powered proton pump identified by community sequencing of ocean samples. Previous studies have established the ecological distribution and enzymatic activity of PR, but its role in powering cells and participation in ocean energy fluxes remains unclear. Here, we show that when cellular respiration is inhibited by depleting oxygen or by the respiratory poison azide, Escherichia coli cells expressing PR become light-powered. Illumination of these cells with light coinciding with PR's absorption spectrum creates a proton motive force (pmf) that turns the flagellar motor, yielding cells that swim when illuminated with green light. By measuring the pmf of individual illuminated cells, we quantify the coupling between light-driven and respiratory proton currents, estimate the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) of PR (103 photons per second/nm2), and show that light-driven pumping by PR can fully replace respiration as a cellular energy source in some environmental conditions. Moreover, sunlight-illuminated PR+ cells are less sensitive to azide than PR− cells, consistent with PR+ cells possessing an alternative means of maintaining cellular pmf and, thus, viability. Proteorhodopsin allows Escherichia coli cells to withstand environmental respiration challenges by harvesting light energy.
Paraphyly changes understanding of timing and tempo of diversification in subtribe Hakeinae (Proteaceae), a giant Australian plant radiation.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Subtribe Hakeinae (526 spp.) represents a large Australian plant radiation central to our understanding of that flora's evolution and ecology. It contains Grevillea-the third largest plant genus in Australia and a group inferred to have among the highest diversification rates in the angiosperms. However, we lack a robust phylogenetic framework for understanding subtribe Hakeinae and recognize that Grevillea lacks an unambiguous synapomorphy supporting its monophyly. METHODS We used four plastid and one nuclear DNA region from a taxonomically even sampling of a third of the species to infer a time-calibrated phylogeny of Hakeinae and absolute diversification rates of major clades. We developed the R package addTaxa to add unsampled taxa to the tree for diversification rate inference. KEY RESULTS Grevillea is paraphyletic with respect to Hakea and Finschia. Under most parameter combinations, Hakea contains the major clade with the highest diversification rate in Hakeinae, rather than Grevillea. The crown age of the Grevillea+Hakea+Finschia crown group is about double that of prior estimates. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that the paraphyly of Grevillea considerably enlarges the number of Australian descendants from its most recent common ancestor but has also misled investigators who considered a single operational taxonomic unit as adequate to represent the genus for inferences of diversification rate and timing. Our time-calibrated phylogeny can form the basis of future evolutionary, comparative ecology, and biogeography studies involving this large Australian plant radiation, as well as nomenclatural changes.
Adolescents and Young Adults With Down Syndrome Presenting to a Medical Clinic With Depression: Phenomenology and Characterization Using the Reiss Scales and Aberrant Behavior Checklist

Caretakers of adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome (DS) may report the onset of a depressive illness in previously mentally well individuals. However, the behavioral phenomenology of these conditions has not been well characterized. We ascertained a cohort of DS patient-subjects presenting to a specialty clinic with medical and/or mental health concerns between 2002 and 2009.Caretakers completed questionnaires measuring psychopathology and maladaptive behavior on all subjects. When psychopathology was present a psychiatric diagnosis was made using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition-Revised (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria. DS subjects without mental health concerns served as a control group. Cases scored significantly higher (p < .0001) on the Anxiety, Attention, Autism, Depression, Psychosis, Withdrawn, Other behavior, and Total score of the Reiss Scales for Children's Dual Diagnosis (RSCDD) and the Stereotypy and Lethargy subscales of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist compared with Control subjects. Cases with major depressive illness also scored significantly higher (p < .01) on the Anxiety, Depression, Somatoform, Other behavior, and Total scores of the RSCDD compared to cases without depression. The RSCDD appears useful for capturing caretaker-reported psychopathology in clinically referred subjects with DS and major depressive illness.
Protective, promotive, and buffering effects of perceived social support in managerial stress: The moderating role of personality

Abstract The paper investigated the effects of perceived social support such as (a) protection from stress, (b) promotion of wellbeing, and (c) buffering negative effects of stress on wellbeing. Those effects were analysed in the context of moderating role of hardiness and emotional reactivity in a sample of 152 man managers. At first wave of data collection perceived social support from different sources, work stress, wellbeing, hardiness and emotional reactivity were measured. Six weeks later wellbeing and work stress were assessed again. Results of hierarchical regression showed that support from supervisors protects from work stress. Promotive effect of social support was found only in analyses where the moderating role of personality was considered. Buffering effect was found more frequently, if the moderating role of personality was considered, compared to analyses that did not include any personality moderator. Social support from coworkers or family buffered the effects of work stress in managers with low hardiness or high emotional reactivity. Managers with low hardiness (or with high emotional reactivity) who perceived high support had the same level of curiosity, regardless work stress. The results are discussed in the context of support—stress—outcome matching hypothesis. An extension of matching hypothesis may be proposed, referring to the fit between social support, stress, wellbeing (or stress outcomes), and personality characteristics.