Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Regulation of DMSP Synthesis in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana through APR Activity, Proteomics and Gene Expression Analyses on Cells Acclimating to Changes in Salinity, Light and Nitrogen

Despite the importance of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) in the global sulphur cycle and climate regulation, the biological pathways underpinning its synthesis in marine phytoplankton remain poorly understood. The intracellular concentration of DMSP increases with increased salinity, increased light intensity and nitrogen starvation in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. We used these conditions to investigate DMSP synthesis at the cellular level via analysis of enzyme activity, gene expression and proteome comparison. The activity of the key sulphur assimilatory enzyme, adenosine 5′-phosphosulphate reductase was not coordinated with increasing intracellular DMSP concentration. Under all three treatments coordination in the expression of sulphur assimilation genes was limited to increases in sulphite reductase transcripts. Similarly, proteomic 2D gel analysis only revealed an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase following increases in DMSP concentration. Our findings suggest that increased sulphur assimilation might not be required for increased DMSP synthesis, instead the availability of carbon and nitrogen substrates may be important in the regulation of this pathway. This contrasts with the regulation of sulphur metabolism in higher plants, which generally involves up-regulation of several sulphur assimilatory enzymes. In T. pseudonana changes relating to sulphur metabolism were specific to the individual treatments and, given that little coordination was seen in transcript and protein responses across the three growth conditions, different patterns of regulation might be responsible for the increase in DMSP concentration seen under each treatment.
Internal‐market orientation: a misconceived aspect of marketing theory

Purpose – Although many authors argue that practising marketing internally facilitates the implementation of the market orientation concept, systematic empirical research to explore the validity of the argument remains surprisingly scarce. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the relationship between market orientation (MO) and internal‐market orientation (IMO) as well as their joint effect on customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – The findings ground on data collected from dyads of financial services providers and their customers. The former provided the information pertaining to the company's degree of MO and IMO adoption as well as on perceived employee value, while the latter were asked about perceived customer value, perceived service quality and their satisfaction with their provider. In total 127 dyads are employed in the analysis.Findings – The findings show that MO and IMO are two inter‐related concepts, probably falling under the marketing philosophy umbrel.
Internal-Market Orientation : A Misconceived Aspect of Marketing Theory

Spiros Gounaris, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Marketing in the Department of Marketing and Communication of the Athens University of Economics and Business. He is a member of the European Marketing Academy and a Founded Member of the Hellenic Marketing Academy. His research interests presently pivot around services marketing, internal marketing, business-tobusiness marketing, key account management and customer satisfaction and loyalty. His work has appeared in both American and European journals including European Journal of Marketing, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of Services Marketing and other.
Low Areal Sweep Efficiencies In Flooding Heterogeneous Rock

The very low areal sweep efficiencies to be expected when waterflooding in heterogeneous rock are shown. In this study, the permeability of the rock matrix was assigned different values to a 400-point grid comprising the flooding pattern. The entire matrix was composed of rock permeabilities distributed randomly between some range. When the lowest permeability was 0.1 md and the highest 100 md, the average sweep was found to be only 20 to 30% of the total area for a 5-spot pattern. Many examples are given and charts are presented for estimating the areal sweep in flooding heterogeneous 5-spot, staggered line-drive and direct line-drive patterns. Surprisingly, the direct line-drive square pattern gives a higher sweep for very heterogeneous rock than the staggered line-drive or 5-spot patterns.
Evaluating the Role of Science Philanthropy in American Research Universities

Philanthropy plays a major role in university-based scientific, engineering, and medical research in the United States, contributing over $4 billion annually to operations, endowment, and buildings devoted to research. When combined with endowment income, university research funding from science philanthropy is $7 billion a year. This major contribution to US scientific competitiveness comes from private foundations as well as gifts from individuals. From the researcher’s perspective, analysis in this paper demonstrates that science philanthropy provides almost 30% of the annual research funds of those in leading universities. And yet science philanthropy has been largely overshadowed by the massive rise of federal research funding and, to a lesser extent, industry funding. Government and industry funding have drawn intensive analysis, partly because their objectives are measurable: governments generally support broad national goals and basic research, while industry finances projects likely to contribute directly to useful products. In contrast, philanthropy’s contribution to overall levels of scientific funding and, more importantly, the distribution of philanthropy across different types of research are poorly understood. To fill this gap, I provide the first empirical evaluation of the role of science philanthropy in American research universities. The documented extent of science philanthropy and its strong emphasis on translational medical research raises important questions for federal policy makers. In determining their own funding strategies, they must no longer assume that their funding is the only source in shaping some fields of research while recognizing that philanthropy may ignore other important fields.
Pregnancy anxiety and prenatal cortisol trajectories

Pregnancy anxiety is a potent predictor of adverse birth and infant outcomes. The goal of the current study was to examine one potential mechanism whereby these effects may occur by testing associations between pregnancy anxiety and maternal salivary cortisol on 4 occasions during pregnancy in a sample of 448 women. Higher mean levels of pregnancy anxiety over the course of pregnancy predicted steeper increases in cortisol trajectories compared to lower pregnancy anxiety. Significant differences between cortisol trajectories emerged between 30 and 31 weeks of gestation. Results remained significant when adjusted for state anxiety and perceived stress.
S Wave Velocity Structure Beneath Digital Seismic Stations of Yunnan Province Inferred from Teleseismic Receiver Function Modeling

The S wave velocity structure within the depth of 0-100 km beneath digital seismic stations of Yunnan Province was obtained from teleseismic receiver function modeling. The results show that the crustal thickness changes greatly in Yunnan, reaching about 62 km in Zhongdian and Lijiang, and decreasing to 32-34 km in Jinghong, Simao and Changyuan in south. The thick crust extends from northwest to southeast, decreases in thickness and range, and is about 42 km thick around Tonghai. Its shape and range consist with Chuandian diamond block bounded by Xiaojiang and Yuanjiang faults. In the eastern and southern region, the crust is relatively thin, and the velocity contrast across Moho is obvious. In the areas with great variation of crustal thickness or thick crust area, the Moho is characterized by transition zone with high velocity gradient. In Yunnan region, S wave velocity structures show strong horizontal heterogeneity. Above the depth of 10 km, the S wave velocity in north area is obviously lower than that in south area, while within the depth of 10-20 km, the S wave velocity in north is higher than that in south. The velocity interface within crust is discontinuous, and the depth and range of lower velocity zones change with different seismic stations. There is no obvious crustal low velocity zone beneath nearly half of the stations. Influenced by the upper mantle in south area, within the depth of 40-50 km, S wave velocity in south area is higher than that in north, high velocity area extends to north, and the shape of low velocity zone tends to consist with Chuandian diamond block. The upper mantle velocity distribution within the depth of 70-80 km seems to be correlated to the distribution of strong earthquakes.
A summary of Viking sample-trench analyses for angles of internal friction and cohesions

Analyses of sample trenches excavated on Mars, using a theory for plowing by narrow blades, provide estimates of the angles of internal friction and the cohesions of the Martian surface materials.Angles of internal friction appear to be the same as those of many terrestrial soils because they are generally between 27° and 39°. Drift material, at the Lander 1 site, has a low angle of internal friction (near 18°). All the materials excavated have low cohesions, generally between 0.2 and 10 kPa. The occurrence of cross bedding, layers of crusts, and blocky slabs shows that these materials are heterogeneous and that they contain planes of weakness. The results reported here have significant implications for future landed missions, Martian eolian processes, and interpretation of infrared temperatures.
Hemipenes of the long-tailed rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae) from Mexico

Robert C. Jadin1,2, Jacobo Reyes Velasco3 and Eric N. Smith1 1 Department of Biology and Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19498, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA. E-mails: rcjadin@gmail.com, e.smith@uta.edu. 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. 3 Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias. Entorno Biotico A.C. Real de Montroy 321, Villa de Alvarez, Colima, Mexico. 28979. E-mail: jacobo@crotalus.com.
Handbook of Neural Networks for Speech Processing (first Edition) Pp. 000–000

S. Sridharan Speech Research Laboratory Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia Email: s.sridharan@qut.edu.au J. Leis Faculty of Engineering University of Southern Queensland Darling Heights, Queensland, 4350, Australia Email: leis@usq.edu.au K. K. Paliwal School of Microelectronic Engineering Griffith University Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia Email: k.paliwal@me.gu. edu.au
Hippocampal gene profiling: Toward a systems biology of the hippocampus

Transcriptomics and proteomics approaches give a unique perspective for understanding brain and hippocampal functions but also pose unique challenges because of the singular complexity of the nervous system. The proliferation of genome‐wide expression studies during the last decade has provided important insight into the molecular underpinnings of brain anatomy, neural plasticity, and neurological diseases. Microarray technology has dominated transcriptomics research, but this situation is rapidly changing with the recent technological advances in high‐throughput sequencing. The full potential of transcriptomics in the neurosciences will be achieved as a result of its integration with other “‐omics” disciplines as well as the development of novel analytical bioinformatics and systems biology tools for meta‐analysis. Here, we review some of the most relevant advances in the gene profiling of the hippocampus, its relationship with proteomics approaches, and the promising perspectives for the future. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple-Relaxation-Time Lattice Boltzmann Models in 3D

This article provides a concise exposition of the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann equation, with examples of fifteen-velocity and nineteen-velocity models in three dimensions. Simulation of a diagonally lid-driven cavity flow in three dimensions at Re=500 and 2000 is performed. The results clearly demonstrate the superior numerical stability of the multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann equation over the popular lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook equation.
a copy of the

We report the controlled release of the antibiotic tetracycline (Tet) from triple-layered electrospun matrices consisting of zein or a zein/PCL blend, where the drug was loaded in the central layer with the outer two layers acting as diffusion barriers. These fibrous matrices successfully encapsulated Tet and efficiently inhibited the growth of a clinical isolate, the meticillin-resistant S. aureus strain MRSA252, as demonstrated in a modified Kirby-Bauer disc assay over five days. Whilst untreated zein fibres are unstable in an aqueous environment, rapidly shrinking due to plasticization and film formation, blending zein with PCL stabilized the electrospun matrices and prevented them from shrinking. These triple layer formulations displayed sustained antibiotic release and provide a proof of concept for zein-based polymeric matrices as wound dressings to treat or prevent bacterial infection. This is the first demonstration of the controlled release of a clinically-used antibiotic from electrospun zein-based matrices.
Precipitation and hydrological variations and related associations with large‐scale circulation in the Poyang Lake basin, China

Long streamflow series and precipitation data are analysed in this study with aim to investigate changing properties of precipitation and associated impacts on hydrological processes of the Poyang Lake basin. Underlying causes behind the precipitation variations are also explored based on the analysis of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data. Besides, water intrusion from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake basin is studied. The results indicate that (1) seasonal transitions of precipitation are observed, showing increasing precipitation in winter, slight increase and even decrease of precipitation in summer; (2) analysis of water vapour circulation indicates decreasing/increasing water vapour flux in summer/winter; in winter, water vapour flux tends to be from the Pacific. Altered water vapour flux is the major cause behind the altered precipitation changes across the Poyang Lake basin and (3) occurrence of water intrusion from the Yangtze River to the Poyang Lake basin is heavily influenced by hydrological processes of the Poyang Lake basin. Effects of the hydrological processes from the middle Yangtze River on the occurrence of water intrusion events are not significant. The results of this study indicate that floods and droughts should share the same concerns from the scholars and policy makers. Besides, the altered hydrological circulation and associated seasonal transition of precipitation drive us to face new challenges in terms of conservations of wetlands and ecological environment under the changing climate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lithospheric structure across oblique continental collision in New Zealand from wide‐angle P wave modeling

[1] Oblique convergence between the Australian and Pacific plates in South Island, New Zealand, has resulted in crustal thickening and distributed deformation within both plates. We measure this thickening and image the deformation with seismic wide-angle data along a 600 km long transect that spans the plate boundary. P wave arrival times from 34,000 rays are used to construct a two-dimensional model for seismic velocity with depth. Crustal velocities average 6.1 and 6.2 (±0.23) km/s for the Australian and Pacific sides of the boundary, respectively. Upper mantle velocities average 8.1 (±0.25) km/s. Distributed deformation is indicated by the following observations: a reduction in upper crustal and midcrustal velocities by 4% west of the plate boundary, ascribed to flexural bending stresses; a velocity reduction of 8% immediately east of the Alpine fault, linked to high pore fluid pressures; 17 km of crustal thickening to form a 44(±1.4) km deep crustal root that is offset 10–20 km SE of the highest mountains; a velocity reversal below the midcrust in the eastern part of the crustal root, caused either by heating or an artifact from seismic anisotropy; strong thickening of a 7.0(±0.4) km/s fast lower crust within the crustal root; and a low-velocity zone in the Australian upper mantle due to sampling the slow orientation of upper mantle anisotropy.
Mechanisms of Cognitive Control

Cognitive control enables humans to flexibly switch between different thoughts and actions. An important prerequisite for this cognitive flexibility is the human ability to form and apply general task rules. In this article, I review research investigating the functional role of task rules, with an emphasis on two main findings. First, the shielding function of task rules helps guide attention toward task-related information, thereby reducing possible distraction by irrelevant information. Second, this task shielding has to be relaxed when a task rule changes, thereby making the cognitive system more vulnerable to the intrusion of distracting information. Implications for developmental psychology and higher-level cognition are discussed.
Precipitation over South America during the Last Glacial Maximum: An analysis of the “amount effect” with a water isotope‐enabled general circulation model

Low latitude paleoclimate records from speleothem δ18O measurements are often considered to reflect variations in precipitation amounts. Here we test this interpretation with a water isotope enabled atmospheric general circulation model, comparing modern and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) controls on the δ18Op in Brazil. We argue that the δ18Op is determined by the contributions from local evaporation (high δ18O) versus water vapor convergence to the region (low δ18O). Our analysis indicates that the amount effect, commonly used to infer precipitation amount from δ18Op in low latitude regions, works only where the isotopic composition of incoming vapor stays relatively constant such as in coastal regions of the subtropics. If the isotopic composition of incoming vapor has changed as a result of the variations in the upstream rainout, δ18Op cannot be used to estimate local precipitation. Our analysis supports the increase of precipitation over northeastern Brazil region during the LGM.
Fast airborne sulfur dioxide measurements by Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry (APIMS)

[i] An atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (APIMS) was developed to determine atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). High precision and immunity to sample loss, fluctuations in instrument sensitivity, etc., were achieved by adding isotopically labeled SO 2 ( 34 S 16 O 2 ) continuously to the manifold as an internal standard. During the NASA Transport And Chemical Evolution Over The Pacific (TRACE P) program and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Passing Efficiency of the Low Turbulence Inlet (PELTI) program, 32 S 16 O 2 and 34 S 16 O 2 were each determined with integration times of 20 ms. From these data the ambient SO 2 level was computed every 40 ms. In the PELTI studies at SO 2 levels of approximately 60 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), vertical fluxes were determined with a precision better than 10%. When the data were averaged to 1 s, the lower limit of detection was <1 pptv at the 2a level. Isotopomer ratios observed during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE Asia), intercomparisons of APIMS and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with isotopically labeled internal standard on the same aircraft in test flights and PELTI, and the intercomparison of two APIMS instruments on different aircraft during ACE Asia and TRACE P, are presented to support the high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and high time response of the instrument.
A reevaluation of price elasticities for irrigation water

The effectiveness of pricing systems in the allocation of irrigation water is linked with the price elasticity of demand of farmers for water. Using microeconomic theory, it is shown that omission of the elasticity of demand for the crop produced leads to an inelastic bias in the demand for irrigated water. Linear programing approaches omit the product elasticity of demand and are consequently biased, whereas quadratic programing approaches to estimating derived demands for irrigation water include product demand functions. The difference between the resulting estimates are empirically demonstrated for regional derived demand functions estimated from a model of California's agricultural industry.
Satellite chartography of atmospheric methane from SCIAMACHY on board ENVISAT: Analysis of the years 2003 and 2004

The UV/Vis/near infrared spectrometer SCIAMACHY on board the European ENVISAT satellite enables total column retrieval of atmospheric methane with high sensitivity to the lower troposphere. The vertical column density of methane is converted to column averaged mixing ratio by using carbon dioxide retrievals as proxy for the probed atmospheric column. For this purpose, we apply concurrent total column measurements of CO_2 in combination with modeled column-averaged CO_2 mixing ratios. Possible systematic errors are discussed in detail while the precision error is 1.8% on average. This paper focuses on methane retrievals from January 2003 through December 2004. The measurements with global coverage over continents are compared with model results from the chemistry–transport model TM4. In the retrievals, the north-south gradient as well as regions with enhanced methane levels can be clearly identified. The highest abundances are found in the Red Basin of China, followed by northern South America, the Gangetic plains of India and central parts of Africa. Especially the abundances in northern South America and the Red Basin are generally higher than modeled. Further, we present the seasonal variations within the investigated time period. Peak values in Asia due to rice emissions are observed from August through October. We expand earlier investigations that suggest underestimated emissions in the tropics. It is shown that these underestimations show a seasonal behavior that peaks from August through December. The global measurements may be used for inverse modeling and are thus an important step towards better quantification of the methane budget.