Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ratio of waist circumference to height is better predictor of death than body mass index

EDITOR,—The ratio of waist circumference to height has been shown to be a stronger predictor of intra-abdominal fat than the body mass index,1 and this must partly explain why this ratio showed a stronger association with cardiovascular risk than did body mass index in a cross sectional study.2 Height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured in the 1984–5 health and lifestyle survey of a nationwide random stratified sample of British adults.3 All participants in the survey were flagged on the central health service …
From Asian to Global Financial Crisis

This is a unique insider account of the new world of unfettered finance. The author, an Asian regulator, examines how old mindsets, market fundamentalism, loose monetary policy, carry trade, lax supervision, greed, cronyism, and financial engineering caused both the Asian crisis of the late 1990s and the global crisis of 2008â€“9. This book shows how the Japanese zero interest rate policy to fight deflation helped create the carry trade that generated bubbles in Asia whose effects brought Asian economies down. The study's main purpose is to demonstrate that global finance is so interlinked and interactive that our current tools and institutional structure to deal with critical episodes are completely outdated. The book explains how current financial policies and regulation failed to deal with a global bubble and makes recommendations on what must change.
Spatial Competition and Strategic Firm Relocation

Firms compete spatially for customers who have some degree of brand loyalty. The number and attractiveness of the alternatives available to these customers dictates the level of competition facing firms. In this study, data on ticket pricing in four professional sports leagues are used to empirically examine the existence of spatial competition in sports, and the impact of space on team relocations. Results, allowing for structural breaks over time while using spatial autoregressive techniques, suggest that sports franchises spatially compete when pricing their tickets, and that spatial characteristics, including the level of spatial competition, have influenced the relocation of teams. (JEL D40, L11, R30, L83)
Behind the veil: an exploratory study of the myths and realities of women in the Iranian workforce

Despite significant advancements, women executives and professionals have continued to complain about the existence of a glass ceiling in the UK, the USA, Canada and other countries that espouse equal employment opportunities. Little is known about the role and plight of women in the workforce in Islamic countries. In general, Western societies perceive the participation of women in the workforce and their upward career mobility as very limited in Islamic societies. This article seeks to address this limitation in the field by unravelling some of the myths and realities pertaining to women in the Iranian labour force. Based on interviews with 12 Iranians, reality checks were performed on five widely held perceptions of the status of women in Iran, including women's participation in the labour force, appointment to managerial/professional positions, representation in higher education, segregation in the workplace, and Islam's attitude towards non-Muslims. These issues are discussed in the contexts of foreign direct investment in Iran and other Islamic countries. Implications for international human resource management, including the assignment of women expatriates to Iran and other Islamic nations, are also addressed.
Measurement of UHF RFID tag antenna impedance

A methodology to measure UHF RFID tag antenna impedance using network approach is presented. The balanced UHF RFID tag antenna is considered as a two-port network and the impedance of the antenna is characterized by network parameters. In the measurement, the balanced antenna is connected to the two ports of a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) through a test fixture. The influence of the test fixture is de-embedded by using a portextension technique and then the antenna impedance is extracted directly from the measured S-parameters. The proposed method is validated by comparing the measured and the simulated impedance of an asymmetrical dipole antenna and a symmetrical meander line dipole antenna both for UHF RFID tags.
International Human Rights Cases under State Law and in State Courts

For over thirty years, victims and survivors of human rights abuses have sought justice in federal court through lawsuits under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). In Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., the Supreme Court is currently considering a challenge that could significantly narrow the reach of the ATS by eliminating suits against corporate defendants or holding that the statute does not apply to claims arising out of conduct committed on in foreign countries.But human rights cases will continue in federal and state courts, regardless of the outcome in Kiobel. Litigation will continue in federal courts under whatever remains of the ATS; through supplemental or diversity jurisdiction over claims founded in state law; and under other federal statutes such as the Torture Victim Protection Act or the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. This article focuses on another avenue for human rights litigation: lawsuits in state courts. Courts, commentators, and litigators have long recognized that human rights abuses give rise to common law claims such as wrongful death, assault and battery, and false imprisonment, all within the jurisdiction of the state courts. A state court will have jurisdiction to hear these claims as “transitory torts,” as long as the court has personal jurisdiction over the defendant. Human rights claims were litigated in state courts for decades before Filartiga v. Pena-Irala inaugurated modern ATS claims. Post-Filartiga, human rights claims based on state law have been litigated in both federal and state courts, on behalf of U.S. citizens or when ATS claims were unavailable for other reasons. The rise of human rights litigation under the ATS corresponds with dynamic and rapid developments in international human rights litigation and institutions at the international level, and a concomitant rise in the activities of thousands of human rights organizations throughout the world that monitor and challenge human rights violators, including corporate and other private actors. The Supreme Court cannot end these developments any more than it can repeal the laws of gravity. If the Court limits the availability of ATS actions in federal courts, it will usher in a new era of human rights litigation in state courts across the United States.
Do Specialists' Short Sales Predict Returns?

This paper provides evidence of a market inefficiency. Between 1942 and 1984, the specialists' short sales ratio has foretold periods of higher and lower returns on the New York Stock Exchange. Average stock returns have been significantly higher after low values of the ratio (marking low short sales by specialists) and significantly lower after high values of the ratio. Not only has the market been strong-form inefficient but these data have been publicly available with a slight lag, indicating semi-strong form inefficiency.
Plagiarism and its Impact on the Economics Profession

This paper integrates survey data on economists' experiences and perceptions of plagiarism with a game-theoretic model of author strategies to investigate whether information is being efficiently transmitted within the profession. The surveys reveal editorial misperceptions of the nature of plagiarism (e.g., plagiarism versus copyright infringement) and narrow assumptions about who bears the cost of plagiarism. Further, a wide disparity in author strategies to protect intellectual property rights exists, due to uncertainty over editorial response. These considerations are shown to lead to a Pareto-dominated publication process. By contrast, simple measures such as a code of ethics and web-based anti-plagiarism software can improve the flow of information.
New Models of Management and Shifting Modes and Costs of Production: Europe and the United States

Discussions of strategic managementand productivity generally overlook fundamentalfactors of production that are on the rise withnew models of management and new modes ofproduction by which instruction and research iscreated. This paper draws on national,institutional and professional association datafrom universities and emergent professions inAustria, Germany and the US to track theshifting allocation of human resources and todetermine whether academic managers areconsidering these patterns in establishingstrategic management practices. Findings showthat, in some countries, professors represent adeclining proportion of the personnel in highereducation, although the models of managementand the allocations of personnel vary among theUS, Austria and Germany. Noting that currentstrategic management practices are notincorporating consideration of thesedevelopments, this paper offers questions andconcepts for universities to address in orderto enhance strategic management.
THE DRIVE FOR TRANSPARENCY: ORGANIZATIONAL FIELD TRANSFORMATIONS IN SWEDISH HEALTHCARE

This paper provides an account of the rising clamour for transparency in the Swedish healthcare field. Previous research into accounting, auditing and classification has shown that such visualizing technologies potentially have the capacity to create new objects and ideals in a field (Miller 1994; Power 1997; Bowker and Star 1999). It is thus reasonable to believe that the simultaneous use of various visualizing technologies in a field might transform it. This paper provides an analysis of the early stages of such a transformation process. The carriers that promote transparency are identified and it is shown that the drive for transparency has opened up the field to new actors. It is also shown that the drive for transparency has changed the quality discourse and as a consequence of that, the National Quality Registries are beginning to be opened up to the public.
Assessment of the standard pediatric unfractionated heparin dosing protocol

Current dosing guidelines for unfractionated heparin therapy in pediatric patients are based on recommendations of only one study that evaluated a weight-based dosing nomogram. To test the hypothesis that adhering to a strict weight-based nomogram yields better therapeutic results in pediatric patients, we prospectively monitored 25 consecutive pediatric patients who received unfractionated heparin based on the nomogram, and compared them to control patients whose treatment did not follow the standard nomogram. The mean time needed to achieve the target activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly shorter in the study group than the control group (18.32 ± 9.98 vs. 43.8 ± 30 h). A higher proportion of the study group reached the target activated partial thromboplastin time at 12, 24, and 36 h, compared to controls: 44% vs. 6%, 72% vs. 28%, 100% vs. 58%, respectively. Within the study group, patients under 1 year of age needed more time to achieve the target activated partial thromboplastin time than those over 1-year old. The performance of the standard dosing nomogram was excellent with regard to early anticoagulation target achievement, without increasing the risk of bleeding. Further studies are warranted to refine this nomogram for pediatric patients who are less than 1-year old.
LGBTQ Part 2

In addition to dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, many times LGBTQ youth have to deal with harassment, intimidation, and bullying on a daily basis as they disproportionately experience verbal and physical harassment while in school as a result of their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. This violence adversely affects these students’ health and well-being as reflected in the depression and suicide rate among LGBTQ youth. As Part 2 of a series in articles on caring for LGBTQ youth in a school setting, this article reviews specific health risks in this group of students. School nurses can help reduce disparities in health for LGBTQ youth by understanding risk for psychological consequences of bullying and advocating for a just and responsive social school culture. Implications for school nurses include educating school staff and families as well as providing prompt and appropriate referrals for necessary psychological care.
PRELIMINARY, DERMATOLOGIC EIRST STEP CRITERIA FOR LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND SECOND STEP CRITERIA FOR SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Background. Comparisons of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with cases of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatologic disorders affords the basis of the 1982 revised criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) for classifying SLE cases. We address three questions: Do comparisons of LE cases with non‐LE cases that have suggestive skin lesions yield criteria for use in dermatology clinics for primary classification of cases with photo distributions of skin lesions? Do comparisons of SLE with cutaneous LE cases yield the same or similar criteria to the revised ARA criteria for SLE? How should subacute cutaneous LE cases be evaluated for signs of significant systemic involvement?
DNA polymerase III α subunit from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: Homology modeling and molecular docking of its inhibitor

The alpha subunit of Mycobacterial DNA polymerase III holo enzyme catalyzes the polymerization of both DNA strands. The present investigation reports three dimensional (3-D) structure model of DNA polymerase III α subunit of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MtbDnaE1) generated using homology modeling with the backbone structure of DNA polymerase III α of Thermus aquaticus as a template. The model was evaluated at various structure verification servers, which assess the stereo chemical parameters of the residues in the model, as well as structural and functional domains. Comparative analysis of MtbDnaE1 structure reveals the structure of its catalytic domain to be unrelated to that of the human. Successful docking of known inhibitor of bacterial DNA polymerases, 251D onto the modeled MtbDnaE1 was also performed. Therefore, the structure model of MtbDnaE1, a potential anti-mycobacterial target, opens a new avenue for structure-based drug designing against the pathogen. Abbreviations aa - amino acid(s), PolIIIα - DNA polymerase III alpha subunit, Taq Pol IIIα - Pol IIIα of Thermus aquaticus, MtbDnaE1 - PolIIIα of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Are Ols Estimates of the Return to Schooling Biased Downward? Another Look

We examine evidence on omitted-ability bias in estimates of the economic return to schooling, using proxies for unobserved ability. We consider measurement error in these ability proxies and the potential endogeneity of both experience and schooling, and examine wages at labor market entry and later. Including ability proxies reduces the estimate of the return to schooling, and instrumenting for these proxies reduces the estimated return still further. Instrumenting for schooling leads to considerably higher estimates of the return to schooling, although only for wages at labor market entry. This estimated return generally reverts to being near (although still above) the OLS estimate if we allow experience to be endogenous. In contrast, for observations at least a few years after labor market entry, the evidence indicates that OLS estimates of the return to schooling that ignore omitted ability are, if anything, biased upward rather than downward.
An Investigation of Cosumer Attitudes Towards New Varieties of Shopping Bags: Exploring Eco-Awareness and the Possibility of Behavior Change

The adverse impact of plastic bags on the environment has received significant worldwide attention. Bangladesh was the first country to ban plastic bags in 2002 from its capital city, Dhaka to reduce environmental damage. This paper investigates the consequences of the ban and the subsequent emergence of several new varieties of shopping bags in Dhaka city. Attitude towards the new varieties of shopping bags were determined through qualitative methods like in-depth interviews and field studies. Finally, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 288 female heads of households. Results indicate that 98% of respondents mistakenly believe these new bags to be eco-friendly or biodegradable. The level of awareness did not vary by demographic characteristics like age, income or occupation, suggesting that this is a common phenomenon across different segments of the society. A correlation was found between an awareness of the issues and the willingness to bring about behavioral changes.
Coupons and `everyday low prices': price competition with multiple instruments

A simple two-stage game is examined, where firms compete in prices by chosen pricing instruments. Those considered include a simple, uniform pricing technology and a promotional pricing technology like an advertised discount coupon. Consumers are separated by types, informed and uninformed. Therefore, a motive for price competition exists for the purpose of separating the two types of consumers. It is shown that the sustainability of an asymmetric choice of pricing instrument between the two firms will prevail in a duopoly market in equilibrium. Consequently, the coexistence of two different pricing schemes is viable even when firms are otherwise symmetric.
Effects of Specific High Resistance Training in the Water on Competitive Swimmers

A new training device derived from the MAD-system (system to measure active drag, Hollander et al. (8], providing fixed push off points in the water for swimming, the front crawl is described. The effects of training on this device (called POP from fixed Push Off Point) are determined by comparing the increase in performance of a training group (n = 11) to a control group (n = 11). The control group continued the normal training program. During ten weeks the training group followed the same program, but three times per week sprints performed on the POP were substituted for normal free swimming sprints. Despite the fact that training time and volume were equal, the training group showed a significantly greater improvement in force (from 91 to 94 N, 3.3%), velocity (from 1.75 to 1.81 m.s-1, 3.4%) and power (from 160 to 172 W, 7%) as measured on the MAD-system, and an increase in distance per stroke in free swimming. The training group showed a significant improvement in race times for 50 m (from 27.2 to 26.6 s), 100 m (from 59.3 to 57.4 s) and 200 m (from 129.6 to 127.3 s). It is concluded that the POP is a specific training device especially suitable for increasing maximal power output during swimming.
Lifetime Risk Factors for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons

Objectives:To describe and evaluate risk factors for HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male-to-female (MTF) transgender persons. Methods:Using the life chart interview, potential lifetime risk factors for HIV/STIs among MTFs were measured and evaluated in conjunction with lifetime exposures for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. The participants were 517 MTFs between the ages of 19 and 59 years from the New York metropolitan area. Results:HIV/STIs were low among white Americans and very high among Hispanics and African Americans. In the latter groups, HIV and hepatitis B were associated with an androphilic sexual orientation, lifetime number of commercial sex partners (sex work), and the social expression of transgender identity; syphilis was associated with lifetime number of casual sex partners; and hepatitis C was associated with injection drug use, unemployment, and social expression of transgender identity. In multivariate models, the social expression of transgender identity was the strongest and most consistent predictor of HIV/STIs. Consistent with their lower levels of infections, white Americans reported significantly lower levels of the risk factors found to be predictive of HIV/STI among Hispanics and African Americans. Conclusions:HIV/STI prevention in this population should be targeted at Hispanic and African Americans. Prevention programs should incorporate multiple components designed to address the diverse issues confronting ethnic minority transgender persons, with an emphasis on the social expression of transgender identity.
Measuring and Reporting Income in Europe

ABSTRACT: The IASB discussion paper, Preliminary Views on Financial Statement Presentation (IASB 2008), asks whether income should be aggregated and reported as a single comprehensive income figure, and how comprehensive income components should be reallocated. We extend prior empirical evidence by researching 16 European countries and by an extensive examination of impact metrics that include information, measurement, prediction, and conditional conservatism issues. A European setting that comprises substantial variation in markets, accounting rules, and business culture would, ceteris paribus, support differential reporting of comprehensive income. Results, however, consistently support the retention of operating net income as a general decision-relevant metric, with other comprehensive income reported individually and delineated by its unrealized nature. We found no compelling evidence that it should be reallocated into net income by function. Further, reported aggregated comprehensive income reverses .
Dynamic mapping of the structures of content in clinical settings (DMSC). A new coding system for analysing the patient's narratives.

OBJECTIVES The paper presents a method of content analysis framed within a semiotic and contextual model of the psychotherapy process as a situated dynamics of sensemaking: the Dynamic Mapping of the Structures of Content in Clinical Settings (DMSC). DESIGN DMSC is a system of content analysis focused on a generalized level of meaning, concerning basic aspects of the patient's narrative (e.g., if the narrative concerns herself or other than herself). METHOD The paper presents the result of the application of DMSC to an intensive single-case analysis (Katja). The method has been applied by judges to the transcripts of sessions and is aimed at identifying patterns of combinations (defined: Patterns of content) of the categories characterizing the patient's narratives (pattern analysis approach) as well as at mapping the transition among these patterns (sequential analysis approach). RESULTS These results provide evidence of its construct validity. In accordance with the theoretical model grounding the method, we have found that: (a) DMSC provides a meaningful representation of the patient's narratives in terms of Patterns of content; (b) the probability of transition among the Patterns of content have proved to be significantly associated with the clinical quality of the sessions. CONCLUSION The DMSC has to be considered an attempt paving the way for further investigations aimed at developing a deeper understanding of the role played by the dynamics of sensemaking in the psychotherapy process.