Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE TEMPORAL CHANGES IN THE EMISSION SPECTRUM OF COMET 9P/TEMPEL 1 AFTER DEEP IMPACT

The time dependence of the changes in the emission spectra of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 after Deep Impact is derived and discussed. This was a unique event because for the first time it gave astronomers the opportunity to follow the time history of the formation and decay of O(1S), OH, CN, C2, C3, NH, and NH2. Least-squares fits of a modified Haser model with constraints using known rate constants were fit to the observed data. In the case of OH, a simple two-step Haser model provides a reasonable fit to the observations. Fitting the emissions from O(1S), CN, C2, C3, NH, and NH2 requires the addition of a delayed component to a regular two- or three-step Haser model. From this information, a picture of the Deep Impact encounter emerges where there is an initial formation of gas and dust, which is responsible for the prompt emission that occurs right after impact. A secondary source of gas starts later after impact when the initial dust has dissipated enough so that solar radiation can reach the surface of freshly exposed material. The implications of this and other results are discussed in terms of the structure and composition of the comet's nucleus.
Cantharidin-Podophyllin-Salicylic Acid Formulation as a First-Line Treatment for Plantar Warts? A Case Report with Multiple Plantar Warts of Human Papillomavirus Biotype 27 and Previous Failed Treatments

Patient: Female, 53-year-old Final Diagnosis: Plantar warts of human papillomavirus biotype 27 Symptoms: Pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Treatment of plantar warts Specialty: Podiatry Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Plantar warts are benign skin tumors caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are multiple treatments, but none ensure absolute success. Successful treatment depends on several factors, such as the location, number of lesions, HPV biotype, and the patient’s health condition. This report presents a 53-year-old woman who had multiple recalcitrant plantar warts with HPV biotype 27 that were treated using a cantharidin-podophyllin-salicylic acid (CPS) formulation after 2 failed treatments. Case Report: A 53-year-old woman was seen on October 25, 2021. She had 6 plantar warts due to HPV biotype 27, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using a sample of hyperkeratosis scales obtained from the wart after debridement. Five cryotherapy sessions were applied, without clinical improvement. Two sessions of nitric-acid–zinc complex were then applied, from which the patient reported severe pain, without clinical improvement. Finally, 3 sessions of CPS formulation were applied, and the HPV remitted in all warts. Conclusions: Conservative treatments, such as cryotherapy, have not been effective in a case of multiple recalcitrant plan-tar warts. The combined action of the 3 compounds of CPS formulation was key in the resolution of this case. Plantar wart treatment should be easy to apply, effective, fast, and efficient. In cases of recalcitrant or numerous warts, treatment should be more aggressive from the beginning if the patient’s lifestyle allows it. It would be interesting to conduct randomized clinical trials to find out which patients could be indicated for the CPS formulation as a first line of treatment.
Comment on ``Symmetry of Kelvin-wave dynamics and the Kelvin-wave cascade in the T=0 superfluid turbulence''

We comment on the paper by Sonin [Phys. Rev. B 85, 104516 (2012)] with most statements of which we disagree. We use this option to shed light on some important issues of a theory of Kelvin-wave turbulence, touched on in Sonin's paper, in particular, on the relation between the Vinen spectrum of strong and the L'vov-Nazarenko spectrum of weak turbulence of Kelvin waves. We also discuss the role of explicit calculation of the Kelvin-wave interaction Hamiltonian and ``symmetry arguments'' that have to resolve a contradiction between the Kozik-Svistunov and the L'vov-Nazarenko spectrum of weak turbulence of Kelvin waves.
Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Copulation, Fertilization, and Gestation in Sebastes schlegelii

Among the viviparous marine teleosts of China, the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf) is one of the most economically important. In addition to copulation and internal fertilization, it features lengthy sperm storage in the female ovary as well as a high rate of abortion. A network of gene regulation is necessary for these processes. To elucidate the mechanisms of copulation, fertilization, and gestation, it is essential to determine the genetic basis of viviparous teleost oogenesis and embryogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of the ovary during different developmental phases to investigate the dynamic changes that occur. We constructed 24 ovary transcriptomes. In order to investigate the regulation of embryogenesis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with specific expression patterns were subjected to gene ontology annotation, pathway analyses, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The up-regulated genes were significantly enriched in focal adhesion, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, Wnt, and ECM-receptor interaction signaling pathways. As a result of our study, we provide omics evidence for copulation, fertilization, and gestation in viviparous marine teleosts. Decoding the S. schlegelii gene regulation network, as well as providing new insights into embryogenesis, is highly valuable to researchers in the marine teleost reproduction sciences.
Scalable Reasoning and Sensing Using Processing-In-Memory With Hybrid Spin/CMOS-Based Analog/Digital Blocks

In this article, we leverage in-memory computation for data-intensive applications to surmount the bandwidth restrictions inherent in the Von-Neumann computing paradigm, while addressing transistor technology scaling challenges facing Moore's Law. We introduce the Spintronically Configurable Analog Processing in-memory Environment (SCAPE) which incorporates top-down architectural approaches along with bottom-up intrinsic device switching behaviors of spin-based post-CMOS devices. SCAPE embeds analog arithmetic capabilities providing a selectable thresholding functionality to realize generalized neuron activation functions that are integrated within the 2-dimensional memory array. Within each module, circuit-switched connections allow in-field configuration of the partly reconfigurable neuron activation function to suit the target application, and the intrinsic computation is performed using spin-based devices. This hybrid-technology design advances in-memory computation beyond previous approaches by integrating analog arithmetic, runtime reconfigurability, and non-volatile devices within a selectable 2-dimensional topology. Simulation results of error rates, power consumption, power-error-product metric, are examined for real-world applications including edge-of-network based Compressive Sensing and Machine Learning use cases, along with process variation analysis. Results show up to 7% improvement in error rate using proposed implementation of enhanced activation function versus baseline conventional sigmoidal activation, whereas realization of AMP signal processing algorithm shows ∼95% reduction in energy consumption at comparable accuracy.
Research on the Relationship between Empathy, Belief in a Just World, and Childhood Trauma in Pre-Clinical Medical Students

Objective: To explore the relation between empathy, belief in a just world, and childhood trauma in pre-clinical medical students. Method: Answers were collected from 880 pre-clinical medical students to questionnaires such as the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Students Version (JSPE-S), the Belief in a Just World Scale, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, in November 2021. Results: The empathy of pre-clinical medical students was positively correlated with their belief in a just world (r = 0.194, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with their childhood trauma (r = −0.256, p < 0.01); the mediating effect analysis showed that belief in a just world had a partial mediating effect on empathy and childhood trauma. Conclusion: Belief in a just world plays a mediating role between empathy and childhood trauma among pre-clinical medical students.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation of precipitation processes

Velocity field data was acquired for Taylor-Couette flow in the annular gap between an inner rotating cylinder and a stationary concentric outer cylinder using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a meridional plane of the annulus. Data were acquired for several azimuthal Reynolds numbers with the ratio of the azimuthal and critical Reynolds numbers ranging from 6 to 200, corresponding to flow states ranging from laminar wavy Taylor vortex flow to turbulent Taylor vortex flow. Spatial correlations of velocity fluctuations were found to exhibit a sharp decrease as R increases from 16, indicating the disappearance of azimuthal waves and the onset of turbulence, reaching a minimum at R = 18. However, correlation lengths subsequently increase with increasing R, displaying a secondary peak from 20 < R < 38, suggesting the reappearance of azimuthal waves. The reemergence of azimuthal waves was confirmed through other methods including analysis of the axial velocity. At still higher Reynolds numbers, correlation lengths decay once again. The magnitude and Reynolds number associated with the secondary peak in the fluctuation velocity correlations were found to be dependent on the location of the basis point used in the calculations. Specifically, correlation lengths were longest near the outer cylinder in the inflow boundary and near the inner cylinder in the outflow boundary. This was shown to be due to the spatial dependence of Reynolds stresses in turbulent Taylor-Couette flow.
Introducing Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Optical Communication Systems With Short Blocklengths

Probabilistic shaping based on constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) has received considerable attention as a way to increase the capacity of fiber optical communication systems. CCDM suffers from significant rate loss at short blocklengths and requires long blocklengths to achieve high shaping gain, which makes its implementation very challenging. In this paper, we propose to use enumerative sphere shaping (ESS) and investigate its performance for the nonlinear fiber optical channel. ESS has lower rate loss than CCDM at the same shaping rate, which makes it a suitable candidate to be implemented in real-time high-speed optical systems. In this paper, we first show that finite blocklength ESS and CCDM exhibit higher effective signal-to-noise ratio than their infinite blocklength counterparts. These results show that for the nonlinear fiber optical channel, large blocklengths should be avoided. We then show that for a 400 Gb/s dual-polarization 64-QAM WDM transmission system, ESS with short blocklengths outperforms both uniform signaling and CCDM. Gains in terms of both bit-metric decoding rate and bit-error rate are presented. ESS with a blocklength of 200 is shown to provide an extension reach of about 200 km in comparison with CCDM with the same blocklength. The obtained reach increase of ESS with a blocklength of 200 over uniform signaling is approximately 450 km (approximately $\text{19}\%$).
A look to the future acidified ocean through the eyes of the alien and invasive alga Caulerpa cylindracea (Chlorophyta, Ulvophyceae)

ABSTRACT Underwater CO2 vents represent natural laboratories where the responses of marine organisms to ocean acidification can be tested. In a such context, we investigated the changes in the physiology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of the non-indigenous algal species Caulerpa cylindracea growing along a natural pH/CO2 gradient, by conducting a reciprocal transplant experiment between two populations from an acidified vs a non-acidified site. Stress effects in transplants from current to lowered pH conditions resulted in a decrease in the number of active chloroplasts together with an increased number of dilatations between thylakoid membranes and a higher amount of plastoglobules. These changes were consistent with a decrease in the chlorophyll content and in photosynthetic efficiency, matched by an increase in carotenoid content and non-photochemical yields. On the opposite side, transplants from low to current pH showed a recovery to original conditions. Unexpectedly, no significant difference was recorded between wild populations living at current and lowered pH. These results suggest an ongoing acclimation process to lowered pH in the C. cylindracea populations growing in the vent area. This confirms the high plasticity of this invasive species, able to cope not only with different light and temperature conditions but even with a new acidified scenario.
Advances in Preclinical/Clinical Glioblastoma Treatment: Can Nanoparticles Be of Help?

Simple Summary As one of the most lethal human cancers, glioblastoma treatment is a real challenge because of several resistance mechanisms, including limited drug entry into the central nervous system through the blood–brain barrier and the vast heterogeneity of this family of tumors. In the development of precision medicine, various nanoconstructs are being proposed to cross the BBB, specifically target GB tumors, release the therapeutic cargo in a controlled manner, and reduce therapeutic resistance. This review summarizes the different families of nanoparticles and approaches followed so far pursuing these aims. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is the most aggressive and frequent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with unsatisfactory and challenging treatment nowadays. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, these treatments do not much improve the overall survival of GB patients, which is still below two years (the 5-year survival rate is below 7%). Despite various approaches having been followed to increase the release of anticancer drugs into the brain, few of them demonstrated a significant success, as the blood brain barrier (BBB) still restricts its uptake, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Therefore, enormous efforts are being devoted to the development of novel nanomedicines with the ability to cross the BBB and specifically target the cancer cells. In this context, the use of nanoparticles represents a promising non-invasive route, allowing to evade BBB and reducing systemic concentration of drugs and, hence, side effects. In this review, we revise with a critical view the different families of nanoparticles and approaches followed so far with this aim.
Abundances in the Herbig Ae star HD 101412 - Abundance anomalies; λ Boo–Vega characteristics?

Context. Recent attention has been directed to abundance variations among very young stars. Aims. We perform a detailed abundance study of the Herbig Ae star HD 101412, taking advantage of its unusually sharp spectral lines. Methods. High-resolution spectra are measured for accurate wavelengths and equivalent widths. Balmer-line fits and ionization equlibria give a relation between Teff, and log(g). Abundance anomalies and uncertain reddening preclude the use of spectral type or photometry to fix Teff. Excitation temperatures are used to break the degeneracy between Teff and log(g). Results. Strong lines are subject to an anomalous saturation that cannot be removed by assuming a low microturbulence. By restricting the analysis to weak (≤20 mA) lines, we find consistent results for neutral and ionized species, based on a model with Teff = 8300 K, and log(g) = 3.8. The photosphere is depleted in the most refractory elements, while volatiles are normal or, in the case of nitrogen, overabundant with respect to the sun. The anomalies are unlike those of Ap or Am stars. Conclusions. We suggest the anomalous saturation of strong lines arises from heating of the upper atmospheric layers by infalling material from a disk. The overall abundance pattern may be related to those found for the λ Boo stars, though the depletions of the refractory elements are milder, more like those of Vega. However, the intermediate volatile zinc is depleted, precluding a straightforward interpretation of the abundance pattern in terms of gas-grain separation.
A data-driven model with minimal information for bottleneck detection - application at Bosch thermotechnology

ABSTRACT In the context of bottleneck detection, most data-driven approaches employ data from diverse production variables (machine processing times, machine state tags, input timestamps, etc.) for a detailed analysis of bottlenecks. However, for manufacturing companies initiating their digitalization process (i.e. requiring the smallest hardware investment), a bottom-top approach is still missing. In this work, a data-driven model based on minimal information (MI) retrieved from a manufacturing execution system is proposed for bottleneck detection. We consider MI timestamps when each product exits each station and show that this is the most elementary information from production-line operations, enough to autonomously generate an abstract manufacturing layout, and to detect and predict bottlenecks. A general abstract model of a production line is proposed, named queue directed graph (QDG). Incorporating the MI, the QDG model is able to represent a job-shop with a discrete production environment and to calculate production metrics. This work has been employed in the production system of a Bosch factory, in Portugal, using their manufacturing data sets for validation. Different variants of two well-known bottleneck detection methods were implemented and adapted to Bosch’s use case: the Active Period Method and the Average Active Period Method.
Fault-tolerance of ancilla preparation for logical Toffoli gate of a family of Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes

Fault-tolerant quantum computation using quantum error-correcting codes requires fault-tolerant constructions of nontransversal gates. Shor proposed a fault-tolerant construction of a nontransversal gate, i.e., the Toffoli gate for a family of the Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes which has even-weight stabilizer generators and odd-weight logical operators. In fact, as shown in this paper, error propagations in the ancilla preparation of Shor's construction lead to logical errors. This work provides a solution to this problem through the insertion of bit flip error correction. Finally, error rates of a modified construction are evaluated with use of the concatenated Steane codes, and the same accuracy threshold as transversal gates is obtained in cases where ancillary systems can be prepared just in time.
Finite Element Preprocessors in Diffpack

An introduction to the application of nite element mesh generators, or preprocessors, in Diffpack is given. The PreproBox, PreproSupElSet and the trans nite mapping preprocessors are covered. Several concrete examples are given. Some information on the class design of the preprocessors and the associated data structures are also included.
X-ray observations of SU UMa throughout six outbursts

We present RXTE observations covering six normal outbursts of the dwarf nova SU UMa, the prototype of its class. The outbursts showed consistent X-ray behaviour with the X-ray count rate dropping suddenly by a factor of 4, and with evidence for a half-day delay between the optical rise and the X-ray suppression. In contrast to SS Cygni, an X-ray flux increase at the beginning of outburst was not observed, although it is expected from boundary-layer models. The X-ray flux was high and decreasing during quiescence, in conflict with the disc instability model. The X-ray spectrum of SU UMa was softer in outburst than during quiescence, and it was consistent with constant reflection.
YOUNG RADIO PULSARS IN GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

Currently three isolated radio pulsars and one binary radio pulsar with no evidence of any previous recycling are known in 97 surveyed Galactic globular clusters (GCs). As pointed out by Lyne et al., the presence of these pulsars cannot be explained by core-collapse supernovae, as commonly assumed for their counterparts in the Galactic disk. We apply a Bayesian analysis to the results from surveys for radio pulsars in GCs and find the number of potentially observable non-recycled radio pulsars present in all clusters to be <3600. Accounting for beaming and retention considerations, the implied birthrate for any formation scenario for all 97 clusters is <0.25 pulsars century−1 assuming a Maxwellian distribution of velocities with a dispersion of 10 km s−1. The implied birthrates for higher velocity dispersions are substantially higher than inferred for such pulsars in the Galactic disk. This suggests that the velocity dispersion of young pulsars in GCs is significantly lower than those of disk pulsars. These numbers may be substantial overestimates due to the fact that the currently known sample of young pulsars is observed only in metal-rich clusters. We propose that young pulsars may only be formed in GCs with metallicities with log[Fe/H] > − 0.6. In this case, the potentially observable population of such young pulsars is 447+1420−399 (the error bars give a 95% confidence interval) and their birthrate is 0.012+0.037−0.010 pulsars century−1. The most likely creation scenario to explain these pulsars is the electron capture supernova of an OMgNe white dwarf.
A near-nhek/cft correspondence

We consider excitations around the recently introduced near-NHEK metric describing the near-horizon geometry of the near-extremal four-dimensional Kerr black hole. This geometry has a U(1)L × U(1)R isometry group which can be enhanced to a pair of commuting Virasoro algebras. We present boundary conditions for which the conserved charges of the corresponding asymptotic symmetries are well defined and nonvanishing and find the central charges cL = 12J/ℏ and cR = 0 where J is the angular momentum of the black hole. Applying the Cardy formula reproduces the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy of the black hole. This suggests that the near-extremal Kerr black hole is holographically dual to a nonchiral two-dimensional conformal field theory.
The characteristics of mRNA m6A methylomes in allopolyploid Brassica napus and its diploid progenitors

Abstract Genome duplication events, comprising whole-genome duplication and single-gene duplication, produce a complex genomic context leading to multiple levels of genetic changes. However, the characteristics of m6A modification, the most widespread internal eukaryotic mRNA modification, in polyploid species are still poorly understood. This study revealed the characteristics of m6A methylomes within the early formation and following the evolution of allopolyploid Brassica napus. We found a complex relationship between m6A modification abundance and gene expression level depending on the degree of enrichment or presence/absence of m6A modification. Overall, the m6A genes had lower gene expression levels than the non-m6A genes. Allopolyploidization may change the expression divergence of duplicated gene pairs with identical m6A patterns and diverged m6A patterns. Compared with duplicated genes, singletons with a higher evolutionary rate exhibited higher m6A modification. Five kinds of duplicated genes exhibited distinct distributions of m6A modifications in transcripts and gene expression level. In particular, tandem duplication-derived genes showed unique m6A modification enrichment around the transcript start site. Active histone modifications (H3K27ac and H3K4me3) but not DNA methylation were enriched around genes of m6A peaks. These findings provide a new understanding of the features of m 6A modification and gene expression regulation in allopolyploid plants with sophisticated genomic architecture.