Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
One‐Year Post‐Transplant Weight Gain is a Risk Factor for Graft Loss

Metabolic syndrome (MS) and obesity participate in the pathogenesis of kidney disease. We explored the impact of MS and post‐transplant weight gain on graft survival. Two hundred ninety‐two renal transplant recipients (RTRs) were included in the study. Various parameters (e.g. anthropometric, biological) were measured at the time of transplantation as well as 1 year post‐transplant. The proportion of patients with overweight or obesity significantly increased during the first year post‐transplant (p = 0.04). Mean weight gain was 2.7 ± 5.8 kg. Thirty patients (10.3%) lost their graft during follow‐up. In multivariate analysis, patients with an increase in body mass index (BMI) of more than 5% at 1 year post‐transplant had an increased risk of graft loss with (HR: 2.82 [95% CI: 1.11–7.44], p = 0.015) or without death censoring (HR: 2.31 [95% CI: 1.06–5.04], p = 0.035). Low creatinine clearance (HR: 4.72 [95% CI: 1.63–13.69], p = 0.004), high urinary protein excretion (HR: 3.21 [95% CI: 1.27–8.18], p = 0.014) and delayed graft function (DGF) (HR: 2.621 [95% CI: 1.07–6.39], p = 0.036) were also independent risk factors for graft loss. MS did not independently predict graft loss, partly due to significant interactions with low‐grade inflammation. We conclude that post‐transplant weight gain significantly reduces graft survival.
Flat Magnets in Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Machines

The influence of flat magnets (FM) in surface- mounted permanent magnet machines (PMM) is analyzed taking the conventional single curved magnet (SCM) configuration as reference. The flat shape of magnets and the air gap between them increase the magnetic circuit reluctance and distort air gap flux density. As a consequence, the back electromotive force (BEMF) decreases due to a reduction in the fundamental harmonic of the air gap flux density. This reduction depends on air gap geometry (pole arc, rotor external diameter, magnets span, number of FM.) and it can be analytically calculated by means of the magnetic circuit approach. Air gap flux density reduction factor is used as design criterion to select the optimum FM number. The analytical study is contrasted with finite element method simulations of different PMM geometries with both SCM and FM configurations. The results show that the error in the analytical calculation is smaller than 5%. A particular FEM methodology is used in order to reduce time computation. A PMM prototype with four FM per pole is tested to validate the study.
CONCEPTUALIZING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH

Abstract Although racial disparities in health have been documented both historically and in more contemporary contexts, the frameworks used to explain these patterns have varied, ranging from earlier theories regarding innate racial differences in biological vulnerability, to more recent theories focusing on the impact of social inequalities. However, despite increasing evidence for the lack of a genetic definition of race, biological explanations for the association between race and health continue in public health and medical discourse. Indeed, there is considerable debate between those adopting a “social determinants” perspective of race and health and those focusing on more individual-level psychological, behavioral, and biologic risk factors. While there are a number of scientifically plausible and evolving reasons for the association between race and health, ranging from broader social forces to factors at the cellular level, in this essay we argue for the need for more transdisciplinary approaches that specify determinants at multiple ecological levels of analysis. We posit that contrasting ways of examining race and health are not necessarily incompatible, and that more productive discussions should explicitly differentiate between determinants of individual health from those of population health; and between inquiries addressing racial patterns in health from those seeking to explain racial disparities in health. Specifically, we advance a socio-psychobiological framework, which is both historically grounded and evidence-based. This model asserts that psychological and biological factors, while playing a central role in determining individual risk for poor health, are relatively less consequential for understanding racial disparities in health at the population level. Such a framework emphasizes the etiologic role of social inequities in generating and perpetuating racial disparities in health and highlights their impact on psychological, behavioral, and biological disease processes.
INSTRUMENTAL RULES AND MOTIVATION

In this paper I address the issue of the normativity of instrumental rules (for example, legal rules). On the one hand, I criticize Scott Shapiro's “constraint model” of instrumental rule-following according to which instrumental rules have motivational clout qua rules: the agent conforms to them simply because they are rules. On the other, I argue for a purely epistemic account of instrumental rule-following. According to this account, instrumental rules inform the agent which action she is required to perform but do not get her to act. Rather the agent is motivationally guided by the reasons for which she adopted the instrumental rules.
A delayed antagonistic effect of progesterone on the estradiol-induced differentiation of the oviductal epithelium in spayed cats.

A delayed antagonistic effect of progesterone on the estradiol-induced differentiation of the oviductal epithelium in spayed cats was investigated. 2 groups of cats were treated wtih silastic implants of progesterone (12 cm) and estradiol (.5 cm) as follows: Group A: progesterone (7 days) progesterone plus estradiol (14 days). Oviducts were collected and fixed for morphologic and cytomorphometric determinations. Mean plasma levels of estradiol in Groups A and B were 16.8 and 19.7 pg/ml respectively. Mean plasma levels of progesterone were 14.1 ng/ml in Group A and . 3 ng/ml in Group B. After 2 days of estradiol treatment cells from both treatment groups showed identical patterns of mitosis and hypertrophy On Days 3-5 combined treatment had prevented further cell hypertrophy but ciliogenesis was evident in cells from both groups. By Day 7 combined treatment had somewhat reduced the number of ciliated cells in the fimbriae (Group A 46% Group B 67%) and more dramatically in the ampulla (22 and 63% respectively). By 14 days combined treatment had led to further atrophy and extensive deciliation. The nonciliated cells never became functional secretory cells in the presence of progesterone. These results suggest that in cats a period of estradiol-induced differentiation must occur before progesterone can antagonize the estradiol effect that progesterone antagonism develops gradually and that the rate at which progesterone antagonism develops differs from 1 region of the oviduct to another.
Multidimensional Self-Concepts: Construct Validation of Responses by Children

In the study of self-concept, as in many other areas of psychological research, poor measurement is often a weak link connecting theory, empirical research, and practice. The multidimensionality of self-concept typically is emphasized in most theoretical accounts, but until recently this multidimensionality has not been well represented in the most widely used instruments. The purpose of our investigation is to test the construct validity of preadolescent children’s responses to three instruments that are claimed to measure multiple dimensions of self-concept (e.g., physical, social, and academic):Marsh’s (1988)Self-Description Questionnaire I (SDQI),Harter’s (1979)Perceived Competence Scale (PCS), and the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scales (PH) (Piers, 1984). Tests of this multidimensionality included factor analyses, multitrait-multimethod analyses, and patterns of correlations with academic achievement. Also included was an examination of the use of negatively scored items. The findings strongly supported the SDQI, reasonably supported the PCS, and weakly supported the PH.
FGF19 Signaling Cascade Suppresses APOA Gene Expression

Objective—Lipoprotein(a) is a highly atherogenic lipoprotein, whose metabolism is poorly understood. Currently no safe drugs exists that lower elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations. We therefore focused on molecular mechanisms that influence apolipoprotein(a) (APOA) biosynthesis. Methods and Results—Transgenic human APOA mice (tg-APO mice) were injected with 1 mg/kg of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19). This led to a significant reduction of plasma APOA and hepatic expression of APOA. Incubation of primary hepatocytes of tg-APOA mice with FGF19 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and, in turn, downregulated APOA expression. Repression of APOA by FGF19 was abrogated by specific ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitors. The FGF19 effect on APOA was attenuated by transfection of primary hepatocytes with siRNA against the FGF19 receptor 4 (FGFR4). Using promoter reporter assays, mutation analysis, gel shift, and chromatin immune-precipitation assays, an Ets-1 binding element was identified at –1630/–1615bp region in the human APOA promoter. This element functions as an Elk-1 binding site that mediates repression of APOA transcription by FGF19. Conclusion—These findings provide mechanistic insights into the transcriptional regulation of human APOA by FGF19. Further studies in the human system are required to substantiate our findings and to design therapeutics for hyper lipoprotein(a).
Youth Sports

There is a widespread belief that sport participation inevitably contributes to youth development because sport’s assumed essential goodness and purity is passed on to those who partake in it. Promoted and perpetuated by sport evangelists and kindred spirits, this belief inspires the strategy of using sports to create among young people the attributes needed to achieve personal success. This neoliberal approach to development is perpetuated by anecdotes and unsystematic observations that uncritically support the evangelistic promise that sport participation produces positive development among young people. Although a few scholars in the sociology of sport have studied sport participation and identified conditions under which particular outcomes are likely to occur, there remains a need for critical research and theory that identifies the processes through which sport participation is or is not linked with subsequent forms of civic engagement and efforts to produce progressive change transcending the lives of particular individuals. Strategies for doing this are identified.
Egyptian Speech Therapists Want More Knowledge About Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Thirty speech therapists from Cairo, Egypt were surveyed about their knowledge, experiences, and attitudes about augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Only 10 of the 23 respondents (44%) who supported individuals with little or no functional speech felt that they were sufficiently qualified in the field of AAC, while 22 or 74% of the respondents believed that it is important for speech therapists to learn more about AAC. The speech therapists reported that, although teachers and parents had shown resistance towards using AAC, many changed their opinions after realizing that use of AAC methods could help to reduce aggressiveness among clients/students and assist them to express emotions and needs. Accordingly, speech therapists require AAC-based information and tools to enable them to create environments that will support communication and enhance the ability of people with complex communication needs to interact with family members, peers, teachers, and others.
The system of textbook approval in Poland under communist rule (1944–1989) as a tool of power of the regime

This paper analyses the process of production and regulation of school textbooks in Poland under communist rule. The stages of textbook approval were as follows: selection of authors; editorial work at the publishing house; discussions in the commissions of the Ministry of Education; decisions of the censorship office. It is argued that the Polish United Workers’ Party (i.e. the Polish communist party) played a dominant role at every step of this process. The question of possible influence of the Soviet communists is also addressed. Some changes in the textbook approval process are traced in time, with emphasis put on sustainability of the principle of dominant position of the party. The constraints of power of the communist regime in the field of education are briefly discussed, with the human factor given most serious consideration. There had always been a shortage of people, from the party’s point of view, ready to implement rules, and far too many of those who undermined them. This analysis is based on the archival holdings of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of Poland and of the censorship office. Teachers’ press and other publications dealing with school textbooks and history of education in the People’s Poland have also been used.
Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus by gas chromatographic whole-cell fatty acid analysis

Three strains of Bacillus anthracis and seven strains of Bacillus cereus were grown on complex medium and on synthetic medium. Gas chromatographic analysis of whole-cell fatty acids of strains grown on complex medium gave nearly identical fatty acid patterns. Fatty acid patterns of strains grown on synthetic medium showed a high content of branched-chain fatty acids. Significant differences between the fatty acid patterns of the two species were found. Odd iso/anteiso fatty acid ratios were about equal in B. anthracis strains, whereas in B. cereus strains the fractions of iso acids were at least twice as high as the fractions of anteiso acids. The method described herein is used in our diagnostic laboratory to help differentiate between these two species.
Expression and alternative splicing of the mouse autoimmune regulator gene (Aire).

AIRE, the gene responsible for the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1) or APECED, may act as a transcription factor according to its predicated protein structure. Here we demonstrate the low expression level of the mouse Aire gene as it is undetectable by Northern blot analyses. However, RT-PCR analyses revealed expression of Aire in mouse thymus, ovary, lung, testis, kidney and adrenal gland. Barely detectable level of RT-PCR product was also found in thyroid gland and heart but no amplification was detected in pancreas, spleen and liver. Competitive RT-PCR assays demonstrated highest expression level of Aire mRNA in thymus. In addition to the complete cDNA (Aire or Aire-1a), we identified 11 alternative splicing forms (designated as Aire-1b, Aire-1c, Aire-1d, Aire-2a, Aire-2b, Aire-2c, Aire-2d, Aire-3a, Aire-3b, Aire-3c and Aire-3d). These forms result from combinations of four alternative splicing units (exon 10, exon 11, 12 bp in exon 6 and 3 bp in exon 8). The relative abundance of these splicing forms was also determined.
The FPGA Development System CHDL

This paper presents the FPGA development system CHDL. The project was started to implement new methods of hardware software cosimulation and to integrate special FPGA features like the readback functionality for hardware debugging purposes. Many existing tools do not have such support or they put the main emphasis on either synthesis or simulation. In the CHDL system synthesis and simulation are both of same importance. CHDL supports the process of creating, simulating and debugging complex applications containing both reconfigurable and nonreconfigurable devices. Additionally CHDL can be used as a direct base for developing high level languages. By integrating the whole environment hardware of the FPGAs simulation can be performed very close to reality which reduces the need for hardware debugging to exceptional situations. CHDL is implemented as a C++ class library and supports the operating systems Windows 2000, NT 4.0, 98 and Linux. Supported hardware architectures are XILINX XC4000, Spartan, Spartan II, Virtex, Virtex E, Lucent ORCA3 and XILINX XC9500 PLDs.
Mapping Leadership Studies in Education

This is the first of two linked articles, both reported in this edition of the journal. Taken together they consider reasons for mapping the field of leadership studies in education and make some suggestions for what this might look like. This article opens with a discussion of leadership and associated concepts, explains why and how the authors came to attempt to map the field, examines what is and what should be involved in the nature of the enterprise of mapping, and concludes with an outline of a mapping typology built around five knowledge domains (the conceptual, the critical, the humanist, the evaluative, the instrumental) and seven factors through which the domains can be further differentiated (purpose, focus, context, method, audience, communication and impact).
Bullying Behavior, Parents’ Work Hours and Early Adolescents’ Perceptions of Time Spent With Parents

This research investigates the relationships among bullying behavior, mother’s and father’s work hours, and early adolescents’ perceptions of whether they spend sufficient time with their parents. In cross-sectional models, we find maternal work hours are modestly associated with increases in bullying behavior. However, in more rigorous change models, our findings indicate that over time maternal work hours bear no direct relationship to bullying behavior. Moreover, in our final models, an interaction between father’s work hours and perceptions of time spent with him has one of the most robust associations with bullying for adolescents. When paternal employment is full- or overtime and youth perceive they do not spend enough with their fathers, bullying behavior increases. Other important factors that shape bullying behavior are the quality of the home environment and the adolescent’s school performance.
Uncivil War: The Israel Conflict in the Jewish Community

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An Integrated System for Wireless Cellular and Ad-Hoc Networks Using Fuzzy Logic

Several solutions have been proposed for improving the Quality of Service (QoS) in wireless cellular networks, such as Call Admission Control (CAC) and handover strategies. However, none of them considers the usage of different interfaces for different conditions. In this work, we propose the Fuzzy-Based Multi-Interface System (FBMIS), where each node is equipped with two interfaces: the traditional cellular network interface and Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) interface. The proposed FBMIS system is able to switch from cellular to Ad-Hoc mode and vice versa. We consider three input parameters: distance between nodes, node mobility and the angle between node and the base station. We evaluated the performance of the proposed system by computer simulations using MATLAB. The simulation results show that our system has a good performance.
THE EFFECT OF SHAFT FRACTURES AND PERIOSTEAL STRIPPING ON THE VASCULAR SUPPLY TO EPIPHYSEAL PLATES.

While it is comumusiomi kimomvledge that commditions wimicim produce hmyperemmmia stimmiulate time growthm of imsimnature himsmbs, surprisingly little attention has heemi paid to how hyperemmmia affects time epipimyseal plates which may be regarded as time organs of growth of time long i)ones. 1mm time course of studyimmg mmiethods for transplanting epiphmyseal plates it m ’as imoted that wimen the umietaphyseal blood supply to a plate was interrupted by separatiomi of time whole epipimysis (leaving the epiphyseal blood vessels intact), time epiphyseal vessels supplyimig the cartilaginous plate imicreased in dianieter and penetrated time plate to a greater depth between the cells of time germninal amid proliferative layers (Figs. 1-A amid 1-B). It was thought that thus mmiight account for time temporary growtim spurt somnetimnes seemi in clnmical epiphyseal separatioims. rI o elucidate thus, time fohlowimmg experimmient, based on two procedures kmmown to accelerate time growth rate of time himmmb,was performmmed, amid time chmammges takimmg place ai)out the proximimal tii)ial epipimysis were studied.
Ultrastructure damage of oviduct telocytes in rat model of acute salpingitis

Acute salpingitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease which causes severe damage to a subset of classically described cells lining in oviduct wall and contributes to interstitial fibrosis and fertility problems. Telocytes (TCs), a newly discovered peculiar type of stromal cells, have been identified in many organs, including oviduct, with proposed multiple potential bio‐functions. However, with recent increasing reports regarding TCs alterations in disease‐affected tissues, there is still lack of evidence about TCs involvement in AS‐affected oviduct tissues and potential pathophysiological roles. We presently identified normal TCs by their characteristic ultrastructural features and immunophenotype. However, in AS‐affected oviduct tissues, TCs displayed multiple ultrastructural damage both in cellular body and prolongations, with obvious loss of TCs and development of tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, TCs lose their interstitial 3‐D network connected by homocellular or heterocellular junctions between TCs and adjacent cells. And especially, TCs connected to the activated immunocytes (mononuclear cells, eosinophils) and affected local immune state (repression or activation). Meanwhile, massive neutrophils infiltration and overproduced Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), COX‐2, suggested mechanism of inflammatory‐induced TCs damage. Consequently, TCs damage might contribute to AS‐induced structural and reproductive functional abnormalities of oviduct, probably via: (i) substances, energy and functional insufficiency, presumably, e.g. TC‐specific genetic material profiles, ion channels, cytoskeletal elements, Tps dynamics, etc., (ii) impaired TCs‐mediated multicellular signalling, such as homeostasis/angiogenesis, tissue repair/regeneration, neurotransmission, (iii) derangement of 3‐D network and impaired mechanical support for TCs‐mediated multicellular signals within the stromal compartment, consequently induced interstitial fibrosis, (iv) involvement in local inflammatory process/ immunoregulation and possibly immune‐mediated early pregnancy failure.