Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTICIPATORY COARTICULATION OF LABIALIZED VELARS AS A PRECURSOR TO SOUND CHANGE

Phonetic evidence is presented to contribute to a possible explanation of how historical coronalization of labialized velars in front vowel environments may take place. Sound changes of labialized velar /kw/ to coronal /t/ before front vowels /i, e/ are reconstructed for the development of Greek from Indo-European. Philological accounts tend to propose progressive fronting/palatalization preceding or concurrent with loss of secondary labialization of the velar. Phonological accounts suggest constraints against velar fronting in combination with secondary labialization of velars. This paper presents acoustic evidence of synchronic variation in production amongst contemporary speakers of Zapotec, a language which also features labialized velars in its stop inventory, for coarticulatory fronting of labialized velars in front vowel environments.
Gender-based violence: best practices in prevention and rehabilitation of victims in Nairobi, Kenya

The aim of this study was to document best practices among gender-based violence (GBV) service providers for victims and survivors in Nairobi. This was in the light of escalating cases of GBV despite the existence of a substantial number of service providers. The main objective of the study was to document good practices and make concrete recommendations that could help design specific programmes to enhance service delivery to victims and survivors of GBV. Specifically, the research wanted to establish the initiatives involved in the prevention of GBV in Nairobi; to identify which of the practices used by these initiatives worked and which ones did not; and to suggest programmes that could be put in place to strengthen the fight against GBV in Kenya in general. The researcher used a structured questionnaire as the main instrument of data collection. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) content analysis software. The findings are presented in tables of frequencies and percentages as well as graphs. The study found that there is inadequate knowledge of the realities of GBV on the ground. This study also revealed that service delivery programmes are underfunded, and that the referral system for victims and survivors, and coordination among GBV service providers are weak. There was also laxity in law enforcement and lack of designed health responses to meet the needs of GBV victims and survivors.
Role of collapsin response mediator protein-2 in neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells

Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are involved in cell differentiation and axonal growth. In this study, we investigated neurite outgrowth and the expression of CRMP-2 in PC12 cells. Nondifferentiated PC12 cells hardly express CRMP-2, but the expression of CRMP-2 increases with neurite outgrowth. We established a stable CRMP-2-overexpressing PC12 cell line and found that PC12 cells, which constitutively overexpress CRMP-2, were unable to extend neurites after stimulation with the nerve growth factor or the neural cell adhesion molecule, a procedure that promotes neurite outgrowth in untransfected cells. In contrast, a PC12 cell line deficient in CRMP-2 extends neurites after the stimulation of nerve growth factor or neural cell adhesion molecule.
A Low Complexity Configuration Selection Algorithm in IA-Aided Uplink Coordinated Multipoint Systems

This work investigates the configuration selection in IA-aided UL CoMP systems which pursues the maximal achievable sum rate. The configuration is defined by the number of data streams transmitted in each user. Intuitively, the solution can be found by exhaustively calculating the achievable sum rate for all the possible configurations, and select the configuration leading to the maximal achievable sum rate. The exhaustive search method is infeasible due to its high complexity. Based on the characteristics of IA-aided UL CoMP systems, an algorithm is proposed to obtain the configuration with extremely low complexity, and the proposed approach achieves comparable performance as in exhaustive method.
Epigenetics and transgenerational transfer: a physiological perspective

Summary Epigenetics, the transgenerational transfer of phenotypic characters without modification of gene sequence, is a burgeoning area of study in many disciplines of biology. However, the potential impact of this phenomenon on the physiology of animals is not yet broadly appreciated, in part because the phenomenon of epigenetics is not typically part of the design of physiological investigations. Still enigmatic and somewhat ill defined is the relationship between the overarching concept of epigenetics and interesting transgenerational phenomena (e.g. ‘maternal/parental effects’) that alter the physiological phenotype of subsequent generations. The lingering effect on subsequent generations of an initial environmental disturbance in parent animals can be profound, with genes continuing to be variously silenced or expressed without an associated change in gene sequence for many generations. Known epigenetic mechanisms involved in this phenomenon include chromatin remodeling (DNA methylation and histone modification), RNA-mediated modifications (non-coding RNA and microRNA), as well as other less well studied mechanisms such as self-sustaining loops and structural inheritance. In this review we: (1) discuss how the concepts of epigenetics and maternal effects both overlap with, and are distinct from, each other; (2) analyze examples of existing animal physiological studies based on these concepts; and (3) offer a construct by which to integrate these concepts into the design of future investigations in animal physiology.
The effect of parental background along the sons’ earnings distribution: does one pattern fit for all?

ABSTRACT This article sheds light on the differences in the mechanisms generating intergenerational inequality in the four largest Euro Area economies (Spain, Italy, Germany and France) looking at the association between parental background and sons’ earnings along the sons’ distribution. We find that in all countries returns to parental background increase along the sons’ earnings distribution and the probability of ending up in high deciles is significantly correlated with parental background. However, although these findings lend support to the existence of a common mechanism, substantial differences in returns’ steepness question the one-pattern-fits-all story.
Regional distribution of blood flow in calf muscles of rat during passive stretch and sustained contraction.

The regional distribution and number of microspheres in the calf muscles of rat has been studied during isometric sustained contraction and in stretched uncontracted muscles in situ. Carbonized microspheres, 15 +/- 5 mum, were injected into the aortic arch and muscle blood flow arrested 6 sec later. The calf muscles were freeze sectioned (12 slices of 40 mum) and the microspheres counted microscopically. The microsphere concentration in the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles during rest was 4.6 +/- 1.6 spheres/mm3 (mean +/- S.E.). One min after a standardized exercise programme the sphere concentration was increased to 20.5 +/- 3.9 spheres/mm3. At increasing force of contraction following the standard exercise programme, the microsphere concentration fell from 11.6 +/- 2.5 at 25% of maximal force of contraction (MFC) to 2.2 +/- 0.6 spheres/mm3 at 100% MFC (5.6 kg/cm2). Corresponding measurements in stretched, uncontracted muscles showed a similar fall in microsphere concentration in the central inner zone and in the peripheral outer zone was slightly higher than unity (1.08-1.16) in muscles at rest and at light postexercise hyperemia. At 75 and 100% MFC the ratio was 0.76 +/- 0.07 and 0.57 +/- 0.13, significantly lower than unity. Stretching of the uncontracted muscle group to 175% MFC reduced the ratio towards zero. The greater reduction in blood flow to the inner central zone of contracted calf muscles shown by microsphere distribution was confirmed by measurement of 125 I-antipyrine distribution. These results show an increased resistance against blood flow during active contraction or stretching of the calf muscles, most pronounced in the central inner zone at high tensions.
Competition and the Evolution of Reproductive Restraint in Malaria Parasites

All organisms must trade off resource allocation between different life processes that determine their survival and reproduction. Malaria parasites replicate asexually in the host but must produce sexual stages to transmit between hosts. Because different specialized stages are required for these functions, the division of resources between these life-history components is a key problem for natural selection to solve. Despite the medical and economic importance of these parasites, their reproductive strategies remain poorly understood and often seem counterintuitive. Here, we tested recent theory predicting that in-host competition shapes how parasites trade off investment in in-host replication relative to between-host transmission. We demonstrate, across several genotypes, that Plasmodium chabaudi parasites detect the presence of competing genotypes and facultatively respond by reducing their investment in sexual stages in the manner predicted to maximize their competitive ability. Furthermore, we show that genotypes adjust their allocation to sexual stages in line with the availability of exploitable red blood cell resources. Our findings are predicted by evolutionary theory developed to explain life-history trade-offs in more traditionally studied multicellular taxa and suggest that the answer to the long-standing question of why so few transmission stages are produced is that in most natural infections heavy investment in reproduction may compromise in-host survival.
Commentary on viewpoint: the human cutaneous circulation as a model of generalized microvascular function.

to the editor: Can we use skin as a surrogate for generalized microvascular function ([3][1])? If only it were unambiguously true. I wish to inject a note of caution. On the one hand, skin contains the most easily accessed and manipulated microvasculature. Also, cutaneous microvascular abnormalities
Organophosphate Resistance and Its Main Mechanism in Populations of Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from Central Chile

ABSTRACT The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is the key pest of apple production worldwide. Insecticide resistance has been reported in all producing countries, based on five different mechanisms. Codling moth in Chile has resistance to azinphos-methyl and tebufenozide in post-diapausing larvae. However, there are no studies about the susceptibility of these populations to insecticides from other chemical groups. Therefore, the efficacy of azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, esfenvalerate, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, and thiacloprid on neonate and post-diapausing larvae from six field populations was investigated, and identified resistance mechanisms in this species were evaluated. Neonate larvae were susceptible to all insecticides studied, but post-diapausing larvae from four populations were resistant to chlorpyrifos, one of them was also resistant to azinphos-methyl, and another one was resistant to tebufenozide. The acetylcholinesterase insensitivity mutation was not detected, and the sodium channel knockdown resistance mutation was present in a low frequency in one population. Detoxifying enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferases, esterases, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases in adults differed among populations, but chlorpyrifos resistance was associated only with a decreased esterase activity as shown by a significant negative correlation between chlorpyrifos mortality and esterase activity.
The Impact of Collaboration Between Science and Education Faculty Members on Teaching for Conceptual Change: A Phenomenographic Case Study of a Physics Professor

This dissertation presents a phenomenographic case study of a senior physics professor during and beyond an extended collaboration with a science education professor from a College of Education. The context for the collaboration is the co-teaching of a physics course for graduate students in a Masters of Teaching program at a research university in the southeastern US. The course was focused on physics content and the pedagogy of teaching for conceptual change. The purpose of this study is to investigate from a physics professor’s perspective the progression of his conceptions and practices regarding teaching for conceptual change over the duration of the collaboration and beyond. Prior research indicates that such change is a difficult and complex process requiring a transformative, personal experience. Collaboration between science departments and Colleges of Education has been identified as a key opportunity for transformative experiences, but research on the resulting changes is limited. Questions addressed by this study include (a) what is the evidence of change in a physics professor’s conceptions of teaching for conceptual change, (b) what is the evidence of change in a physics professor’s practices of teaching for conceptual change, (c) what are the learning environment characteristics identified by the physics professor that either facilitated or hindered changes in his conceptions and/or practices in teaching for conceptual change. The primary data were interviews with the physics professor integrated with direct classroom observations. Emergent categories of how the physics professor conceived and practiced teaching for conceptual change showed a progression over time toward a more expert view on teaching for conceptual change. Key factors identified in the physics professor’s progression are: 1) his motivation to become a more effective teacher, 2) the expertise of the science education professor, and 3) the way the collaboration developed. Limiting factors identified include: 1) time pressure for content coverage, 2) difficulty in translating change to other contexts, and 3) unsupportive external environments. INDEX WORDS: Teaching for Conceptual Change, Teacher learning, Teacher change, Collaboration, Phenomenography, Physics education, Teacher education, Undergraduate STEM instruction, Physics Education Research THE IMPACT OF COLLABORATION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION FACULTY MEMBERS ON TEACHING FOR CONCEPTUAL CHANGE: A PHENOMENOGRAPHIC CASE STUDY OF A PHYSICS PROFESSOR by William A. Stoll III
Asset Pricing and the Consumption-Investment Allocation Under Robustness and Short Sales Constraints, Using Martingale Methods

This paper is motivated by the existing controversy in the empirical literature on the asset pricing effect of divergence of opinions and short-sales constraints. On the one hand, the partisans of Miller's (1977) hypothesis argue that divergence of opinion can lead to asset overvaluation and subsequent long-term underperformance, on the other hand, robust decision theorists argue that divergence of opinions is priced negatively, as it proxies for the uncertainty in forming returns expectations. In this paper I argue that the two theories can be nested together in a problem of robust portfolio allocation with short sale constraints. I solve for the optimal portfolio demand of an investor who faces short sales constraints, and show that assets characterized by high uncertainty require higher returns, while assets that are constrained from short-selling require lower returns. The overall effect when the two characteristics overlap is unknown, but it can be decomposed into the pricing effects of each of the two.
Effets des protéines S100A8 et S100A9 dans la différenciation cellulaire dans la leucémie myéloïde aiguë

v Table des matières . vii Listes des tableaux . x Liste des figures . xi Liste des abréviations . xii Remerciements . xv Avant-propos . xvi Chapitre 1 : Introduction . 1 1.1. Leucémies myéloïdes aiguës . 1 1.1.1. Généralités sur les leucémies myéloïdes aiguës . 1 1.1.1.1. Généralités et définitions . 1 1.1.1.2. Épidémiologie . 2 1.1.1.3. Étiologie . 3 1.1.2. Leucémogenèse . 4 1.1.2.1. Hématopoïèse physiologique. 4 1.1.2.2. Pathogenèse des LMA . 24 1.1.3. Diagnostic et classification . 34 1.1.3.1. Diagnostic . 34 1.1.3.2. Classification. 35 1.1. 4. Traitements et pronostic . 37 1.1. 4.1. Traitements . 37 1.1. 4.2. Facteurs pronostiques . 40 1.2. Les protéines S100 . 51 1.2.1. Généralités sur les protéines de la famille S100 . 51 1.2.1.1. Structure et conformation des protéines S100 . 52
Significant reversibility of alcoholic brain shrinkage within 3 weeks of abstinence

Chronic alcoholism is often associated with brain shrinkage or atrophy. During recent years, it has been demonstrated that this shrinkage is, at least in part, reversible when abstinence is maintained. There are different hypotheses concerning the mechanisms for this reversibility, but many questions are still open. Especially the time conditions for these reversible changes are subject of discussion. Twenty‐eight male patients with severe alcohol dependence were investigated in a computed tomographic study at the beginning of abstinence and 3 weeks later. Planimetric evaluation of 5 selected slices revealed a significant decrease in liquor areas and an increase of brain volume. The densitometric analysis showed an increase in brain tissue density. In a multiple regression approach it was shown that the reversibility was mostly influenced by the age of the patients. Our results support neither the hypothesis of an increase in brain water as the most important principle for reversibility in alcoholic brain shrinkage nor the hypothesis of augmented dendritic growth. Other mechanisms like reduced (during chronic intoxication) and normalized (during abstinence) cerebral hemoperfusion have to be considered as possible mechanisms for the reversibility of alcoholic brain shrinkage.
Rise and fall of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O 3 : K 6 in southern Chile

Seafood consumption-related diarrhoea increased drastically in Chile when the pandemic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 reached Region de Los Lagos, where most of Chile’s seafood is produced. Outbreaks peaked in 2005 with 3725 clinical cases in this region and gradually decreased to fewer than 10 cases in 2010 and 2011. We show here that the pandemic strain concurrently vanished from mussels; we also report further environmental data. Integration of the 2010/2011 data with those obtained since 2004 suggests that after its arrival in southern Chile, the pandemic strain grew in mussels, likely facilitated by a minor rise in surface seawater temperature and by warming of the mussels in the intertidal region due to frequent sunny days. However, since these environmental parameters probably equally affected the pandemic strain and more than 30 V. parahaemolyticus DNA restriction clusters that inhabit local shellfish, a selective effect of bacteriophages is proposed. Lytic bacteriophage VP93 may have favoured the growth of the pandemic strain versus similar phage-sensitive strains, as shown here in a particular case. However, the pandemic strain’s decline may have been promoted by temperate phage VP58.5, which kills the pandemic strain and increases the UV sensitivity of lysogenized phage-resistant cells.
In vivo sequence diversity of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: presence of protease inhibitor-resistant variants in untreated subjects

We have evaluated the sequence diversity of the protease human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo. Our analysis of 246 protease coding domain sequences obtained from 12 subjects indicates that amino acid substitutions predicted to give rise to protease inhibitor resistance may be present in patients who have not received protease inhibitors. In addition, we demonstrated that amino acid residues directly involved in enzyme-substrate interactions may be varied in infected individuals. Several of these substitutions occurred in combination either more or less frequently than would be expected if their appearance was independent, suggesting that one substitution may compensate for the effects of another. Taken together, our analysis indicates that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease has flexibility sufficient to vary critical subsites in vivo, thereby retaining enzyme function and viral pathogenicity.
Safety of sublingual immunotherapy in children

Introduction: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was introduced as a safer option to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) which was associated with the possible occurrence of systemic reactions including anaphylaxis and, though very rarely, fatalities. Some anaphylactic reactions to SLIT are reported, mainly in adults but also in children. It is therefore important to investigate the risk factors related to such reactions. Areas covered: Data from the literature on the safety of SLIT in children were reviewed. The data reviewed concerned the application of this treatment to patients with respiratory allergy and also possible new indications such as food allergy, atopic dermatitis and latex allergy. Reports of anaphylactic reactions were analyzed to identify the potential risk factors. Expert opinion: SLIT is a well tolerated treatment, the common side effect being local reactions in the mouth. Systemic reactions, concerning the skin and the airway, are rare and anaphylactic reactions are extremely rare.
The decrease of fibrinogen is an early predictor of the severity of postpartum hemorrhage

Summary. Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major source of maternal morbidity. Objectives: This study's objective was to determine whether changes in hemostasis markers during the course of PPH are predictive of its severity. Patients and methods: We enrolled 128 women with PPH requiring uterotonic prostaglandin E2 (sulprostone) infusion. Two groups were defined (severe and non‐severe PPH) according to the outcome during the first 24 hours. According to our criteria, 50 of the 128 women had severe PPH. Serial coagulation tests were performed at enrollment (H0), and 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours thereafter. Results: At H0, and through H4, women with severe PPH had significantly lower fibrinogen, factor V, antithrombin activity, protein C antigen, prolonged prothrombin time, and higher D‐dimer and TAT complexes than women with non‐severe PPH. In multivariate analysis, from H0 to H4, fibrinogen was the only marker associated with the occurence of severe PPH. At H0, the risk for severe PPH was 2.63‐fold higher for each 1 gL−1 decrease of fibrinogen. The negative predictive value of a fibrinogen concentration >4 gL−1 was 79% and the positive predictive value of a concentration ≤2 gL−1 was 100%. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a simple fibrinogen measurement can anticipate the risk of severe bleeding in PPH.
On using complex homotopy for impulse noise cancellation in images

The area of Compressive Sensing (CS) has been witnessing a flurry of research activity, bringing out solid theoretical results and its usefulness in different applications. With the need to address practicalities, fast reconstruction algorithms are being proposed quite recently. Towards studying their effectiveness in different applications, we have chosen one attractive candidate, the complex homotopy, for CS-based impulse-noise cancellation in images. Compared to popular Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP), complex homotopy demonstrated its superiority both in terms of speed of execution and reconstructed image quality. The paper, apart from presenting the supporting results, identifies some useful product codes for the selected application. An attempt is also made towards providing pointers for further examination.