Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Term selection for searching printed Arabic

Since many Arabic documents are available only in print, automating retrieval from collections of scanned Arabic document images using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is an interesting problem. Arabic combines rich morphology with a writing system that presents unique challenges to OCR systems. These factors must be considered when selecting terms for automatic indexing. In this paper, alternative choices of indexing terms are explored using both an existing electronic text collection and a newly developed collection built from images of actual printed Arabic documents. Character n-grams or lightly stemmed words were found to typically yield near-optimal retrieval effectiveness, and combining both types of terms resulted in robust performance across a broad range of conditions.
On Sets of Integers Which Contain No Three Terms in Arithmetical Progression.

example there does not exist a sequence of domains Dl, D2, D3, . closing down on the point 0 and such that, for each n, the boundary of D. is compact. ,'Jones, F. B. , "Concerning Certain Topologically Flat Spaces," Trans. Am. Math. Soc. , 42, 53-93 (1937). 6 See Axiom 1. 6 See the proof of Theorem 1 of Chapter I. 7 See the proposition labeled "Theorem 25" in Chapter II. That this proposition is not a consequence of Axioms 0, 1 and 2 may be seen with the aid of Example 1.
SVM based extraction of spatial relations in text

Natural language text describes the nature of people's internal representation of space. It is investigated that 80% of unstructured text has location expressions e.g. place names and spatial relations. In the past few years, text has become a most important geospatial data resource as well as survey, map, satellite images and GPS. The most previous research focused on the recognition of place names in text and its integration with map services. Spatial relations play an important role in the fields of spatial data modelling, spatial query, spatial analysis, spatial reasoning and map generalization. Spatial relations in text are described in natural language with qualitative spatial expressions including place names, spatial terms, prepositions, verbs and so on. And these expressions are combined with certain syntactic patterns to represent their semantic functions. An instance of spatial relation in text can be simply formalized as (C1, P1, C2, P2, C3), where P1 and P2 are place names, and C1, C2 and C3 are the context. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a pattern recognition method popularly used in information extraction from text. This paper investigates the extraction of spatial relations based on SVM model which can implement the recognition of spatial expressions and their classification synchronously. For the SVM model, a set of feature vectors are specified, such as lexical tokens, spatial terms, syntactic structures and geographical feature types of place names, and a multi-label classifier is presented to solve the multi-classification problem. Finally, an experimental evaluation is explored in a Chinese annotation corpus. This study proves that spatial terms are important indicators for identification of spatial relations in text. However, there is serious ambiguity of their classification. Therefore, integration of much more context information could potentially improve the performance of extraction of spatial relations in text.
Recommendation System Using Social Networking

With the proliferation of electronic commerce and knowledge economy environment both organizations and individuals generate and consume a large amount of online information. With the huge availability of product information on website, many times it becomes difficult for a consumer to locate item he wants to buy. Recommendation Systems [RS] provide a solution to this. Many websites such as YouTube, e-Bay, Amazon have come up with their own versions of Recommendation Systems. However Issues like lack of data, changing data, changing user preferences and unpredictable items are faced by these recommendation systems. In this paper we propose a model of Recommendation systems in e-commerce domain which will address issues of cold start problem and change in user preference problem. Our work proposes a novel recommendation system which incorporates user profile parameters obtained from Social Networking website. Our proposed model SNetRS is a collaborative filtering based algorithm, which focuses on user preferences obtained from FaceBook. We have taken domain of books to illustrate our model.
A Distributed Algorithm of Density-Based Subspace Frequent Closed Itemset Mining

Large, dense-packed and high-dimensional data mining is one challenge of frequent closed itemset mining for association analysis, although frequent closed itemset mining is an efficient approach to reduce the complexity of mining frequent itemsets. This paper proposes a distributed algorithm to address the challenge of discovering frequent closed itemsets in large, dense-packed and high-dimensional data. The algorithm partitions the search space off requent closed itemsets into independent nonoverlapping subspaces that can be extracted independently to generate frequent closed itemsets. The algorithm can generate frequent closed itemsets according to dense priority: the closed itemset more dense or more frequent will be generated preferentially. The experimental results show the algorithm is efficient to extract frequent closed itemsets in large data.
Effects of a species-specific probiotic formulation on multiresistant Escherichia coli isolates from the gut of veal calves

In this study, 254 Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples of veal calves were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. During the experimental period, six mass antibi- otic treatments were administered to the animals (about one treatment per month). The active principles used were oxytetracycline, colistin, tylosin, doxycycline, chlortetracycline, and sulphonamides. An extremely high resistance prevalence (> 70%) towards penicillin, sulphonamide, tetracycline, ampicillin, and spyramicin was detected. Sixty E. coli isolates could be defined as multiresistant, showing resistance to at least 6 antimicrobial classes. Subsequently, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of a species-specific probiotic against multiresistant E. coli, showing its beneficial action with large inhibition halos for 76% of the isolates. This suggests the poten- tiality of the probiotic, putting in evidence a clear advantage of its use in veal calves nutrition, in particular during the first phases, when the animals are more susceptible to severe enteric infections by E. coli.
Formation of a Massive Black Hole at the Center of the Superbubble in M82

We performed 12CO (1-0), 13CO (1-0), and HCN (1-0) interferometric observations of the central region (about 450 pc in radius) of M82 with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array and have successfully imaged a molecular superbubble and spurs. The center of the superbubble is clearly shifted from the nucleus by 140 pc. This position is close to that of the massive black hole (BH) of ≳460 M☉ and the 2.2 μm secondary peak (a luminous supergiant-dominated cluster), which strongly suggests that these objects may be related to the formation of the superbubble. Consideration of star formation in the cluster based on the infrared data indicates that (1) the energy release from supernovae can account for the kinetic energy of the superbubble, (2) the total mass of stellar-mass BHs available for building up the massive BH may be much higher than 460 M☉, and (3) it is possible to form the middle-mass BH of 102-103 M☉ within the timescale of the superbubble. We suggest that the massive BH was produced and is growing in the intense starburst region.
Anticipating and addressing the unintended consequences of health IT and policy: a report from the AMIA 2009 Health Policy Meeting

Federal legislation (Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act) has provided funds to support an unprecedented increase in health information technology (HIT) adoption for healthcare provider organizations and professionals throughout the U.S. While recognizing the promise that widespread HIT adoption and meaningful use can bring to efforts to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of healthcare, the American Medical Informatics Association devoted its 2009 Annual Health Policy Meeting to consideration of unanticipated consequences that could result with the increased implementation of HIT. Conference participants focused on possible unintended and unanticipated, as well as undesirable, consequences of HIT implementation. They employed an input-output model to guide discussion on occurrence of these consequences in four domains: technical, human/cognitive, organizational, and fiscal/policy and regulation. The authors outline the conference's recommendations: (1) an enhanced research agenda to guide study into the causes, manifestations, and mitigation of unintended consequences resulting from HIT implementations; (2) creation of a framework to promote sharing of HIT implementation experiences and the development of best practices that minimize unintended consequences; and (3) recognition of the key role of the Federal Government in providing leadership and oversight in analyzing the effects of HIT-related implementations and policies.
Pertussis Toxin Modulates the Immune Response to Neuroantigens Injected in Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant: Induction of Th1 Cells and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Presence of High Frequencies of Th2 Cells1

Pertussis toxin (PT) has been widely used to facilitate the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rodents. It has been suggested that this microbial product promotes EAE by opening up the blood-brain barrier and thereby facilitates the migration of pathogenic T cells to the CNS. However, PT has other biological effects that could contribute to its activity in EAE, such as enhancing the cytokine production by T cells and induction of lymphocytosis. In this work, we investigated the effects of PT on the pathogenicity, cytokine differentiation, and clonal sizes of neuroantigen-reactive T cells in EAE in mice. Our results show that PT prevented the protection from EAE conferred by injection of PLPp139–151 in IFA and induced high frequencies of peptide-specific Th1 cells and disease. Interestingly, the mice developed EAE despite the simultaneous vigorous clonal expansion of PLPp139–151-specific Th2 cells. The data indicate that the Th2 cells in this model neither were protective against EAE nor promoted the disease. Furthermore, the results suggested that the effects of the toxin on neuroantigen-reactive T cells were promoted by the PT-induced activation of APCs in lymphoid tissues and the CNS. Together, the results suggest that microbial products, such as PT, could contribute to the initiation of autoimmune disease by modulating the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune system in the response to self Ags.
Transcriptome Analysis for Notch3 Target Genes Identifies Grip2 as a Novel Regulator of Myogenic Response in the Cerebrovasculature

Objective—Notch3 is critically important for the structure and myogenic response of distal arteries, particularly of cerebral arteries. However, signaling pathways acting downstream of Notch3 remain largely unknown. Methods and Results—Transcriptome analysis using tail arteries of Notch3-null mice identified a core set of 17 novel Notch3-regulated genes confirmed in tail or brain arteries. Postnatal deletion of RBP-J&kgr; in smooth muscle cells recapitulated the structural, functional, and molecular defects of brain arteries induced by Notch3 deficiency. Transient in vivo blockade of the Notch pathway with &ggr;-secretase inhibitors uncovered, in addition to Notch3, 6 immediate responders, including the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.5, which opposes to myogenic constriction of brain arteries, and the glutamate receptor–interacting protein 2 (Grip2) with no previously established role in the cerebrovasculature. We identified a vascular smooth muscle cell isoform of Grip2. We showed that Notch3–RBP-J&kgr; specifically regulates this isoform. Finally, we found that cerebral arteries of Grip2 mutant mice, which express an N-terminally truncated Grip2 protein, exhibited selective attenuation of pressure-induced contraction. Conclusion—Our data provide insight into how Notch3 signals in the brain arteries, establishing the postnatal requirement of smooth muscle RBP-J&kgr; in this context. Notch3-regulated transcriptome provides potential for modulating myogenic response in the cerebrovasculature.
The value of biodiversity for the functioning of tropical forests: insurance effects during the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment

One of the main environmental threats in the tropics is selective logging, which has degraded large areas of forest. In southeast Asia, enrichment planting with seedlings of the dominant group of dipterocarp tree species aims to accelerate restoration of forest structure and functioning. The role of tree diversity in forest restoration is still unclear, but the ‘insurance hypothesis’ predicts that in temporally and spatially varying environments planting mixtures may stabilize functioning owing to differences in species traits and ecologies. To test for potential insurance effects, we analyse the patterns of seedling mortality and growth in monoculture and mixture plots over the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment. Our results reveal the species differences required for potential insurance effects including a trade-off in which species with denser wood have lower growth rates but higher survival. This trade-off was consistent over time during the first decade, but growth and mortality varied spatially across our 500 ha experiment with species responding to changing conditions in different ways. Overall, average survival rates were extreme in monocultures than mixtures consistent with a potential insurance effect in which monocultures of poorly surviving species risk recruitment failure, whereas monocultures of species with high survival have rates of self-thinning that are potentially wasteful when seedling stocks are limited. Longer-term monitoring as species interactions strengthen will be needed to more comprehensively test to what degree mixtures of species spread risk and use limited seedling stocks more efficiently to increase diversity and restore ecosystem structure and functioning.
Drug-dependent functionalization of wild-type and mutant p53 in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian tum3or cells

Cisplatin (cis-Pt) resistance in tumor cells from p53 dysfunction is a significant clinical problem. Although mutation can inhibit p53 function, >60% of p53 mutants retain normal function according to literature reports. Therefore, we examined the status of p53 in cisplatin-resistant ovarian tumor models and its functional response to cis-Pt and the mechanistically-distinct non-cross-resistant oxaliplatin (oxali-Pt). Relative to sensitive A2780 cells harboring wild-type p53, the 2780CP/Cl-16, OVCAR-10, Hey and OVCA-433 cell lines were 10- to 30-fold resistant to cis-Pt, but was substantially circumvented by oxali-Pt. Mutant p53 in 2780CP/Cl-16 (p53V172F) and OVCAR-10 (p53V172F and p53G266R) cells, predicted as non-functional in p53 database, displayed attenuated response to cis-Pt, as did the polymorphic p53P72R (functionally equivalent to wild-type p53) in HEY and OVCA-433 cell lines. However, p53 was robustly activated by oxali-Pt in all cell lines, with resultant drug potency confirmed as p53-dependent by p53 knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 system. This p53 activation by oxali-Pt was associated with phosphorylation at Ser20 by MEK1/2 based on inhibitor and kinase studies. Cis-Pt, however, failed to phosphorylate Ser20 due to downregulated Chk2, and its clinical impact validated by reduced overall survival of ovarian cancer patients according to TCGA database. In conclusion, cis-Pt resistance occurs in both wild-type and mutant p53 ovarian cancer cells, but is associated with loss of Ser20 phosphorylation. However, these mutant p53, like polymorphic p53, are functional and activated by oxali-Pt-induced Ser20 phosphorylation. Thus, the potential exists for repurposing oxali-Pt or similar drugs against refractory cancers harboring wild-type or specific mutant p53.
THE METADATA SYSTEM AT STATISTICS SWEDEN IN AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

The metadata infrastructure of a statistical office should provide different kinds of metadata, serving the needs of different kinds of users. The metadata systems need to be organized in such a way that metadata can be captured and processed in an efficient way, without too much manual work and with efficient computer support. The paper describes on-going efforts at Statistics Sweden to achieve these goals, including both problems and opportunities that have been encountered. One important conclusion from this work, and from discussions with other statistical agencies, is that metadata systems in national and international agencies need to be better harmonized in order to facilitate international exchange of statistical data and metadata. The paper presents some ideas about how this could be achieved in the future.
On design of a switching controller for nonlinear systems with unknown parameters based on a model reference approach

Deals with nonlinear plants subject to unknown parameters based on a model reference approach. The nonlinear plant is represented by a fuzzy plant model. A switching controller is designed based on the fuzzy plant model to drive the system states of the nonlinear plant to follow those of a reference model. An application example on controlling an inverted pendulum on a cart is given to illustrate the design procedure of the proposed switching controller.
Perinatal stress and neuropsychological development

Over the past 20 years, experimental researchers have attempted to experimentally model perinatal stress in order to determine its clinical and biological consequences. In the laboratory, the effect of stress appears similar to that of developmental programming and could account for the subsequent occurrence of neuropsychological pathologies. Although this level of proof has not been clinically established, several observations suggest that perinatal stress has a modulating effect on the infant’s shortand long-term development, with an increased vulnerability for psychiatric disorders. This review considers the principal models and then presents some of the clinical strategies that integrate stress management in order to limit its repercussions.
There's Wally! Location Tracking in Android without Permissions

Context-awareness can be considered as one of the biggest advantage of smart mobile devices as it provides advanced features for developers revolutionizing user interaction and making users more engaged to the applications. Perhaps, the most important factor is location awareness as applications can refine their results according to users’ whereabouts. Nonetheless, users’ location is a very sensitive attribute as it can disclose a lot of personal information about them. To address such issues, mobile operating systems require users to grant specific permissions to the applications. This work studies a relatively new feature of Android, namely Wi-Fi P2P, illustrating that the location of the user can be easily disclosed, without using location permissions even in the recent version of Android.
Wiki Vandalysis - Wikipedia Vandalism Analysis - Lab Report for PAN at CLEF 2010

Wikipedia describes itself as the “free encyclopedia that anyone can edit”. Along with the helpful volunteers who contribute by improving the articles, a great number of malicious users abuse the open nature of Wikipedia by vandalizing articles. Deterring and reverting vandalism has become one of the major challenges of Wikipedia as its size grows. Wikipedia editors fight vandalism both manually and with automated bots that use regular expressions and other simple rules to recognize malicious edits[5]. Researchers have also proposed Machine Learning algorithms for vandalism detection[19,15], but these algorithms are still in their infancy and have much room for improvement. This paper presents an approach to fighting vandalism by extracting various features from the edits for machine learning classification. Our classifier uses information about the editor, the sentiment of the edit, the “quality” of the edit (i.e. spelling errors), and targeted regular expressions to capture patterns common in blatant vandalism, such as insertion of obscene words or multiple exclamations. We have successfully been able to achieve an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.91 on a training set of 15000 human annotated edits and 0.887 on a random sample of 17472 edits from 317443.
Polymer Uncrossing and Knotting in Protein Folding, and Their Role in Minimal Folding Pathways

We introduce a method for calculating the extent to which chain non-crossing is important in the most efficient, optimal trajectories or pathways for a protein to fold. This involves recording all unphysical crossing events of a ghost chain, and calculating the minimal uncrossing cost that would have been required to avoid such events. A depth-first tree search algorithm is applied to find minimal transformations to fold , , , and knotted proteins. In all cases, the extra uncrossing/non-crossing distance is a small fraction of the total distance travelled by a ghost chain. Different structural classes may be distinguished by the amount of extra uncrossing distance, and the effectiveness of such discrimination is compared with other order parameters. It was seen that non-crossing distance over chain length provided the best discrimination between structural and kinetic classes. The scaling of non-crossing distance with chain length implies an inevitable crossover to entanglement-dominated folding mechanisms for sufficiently long chains. We further quantify the minimal folding pathways by collecting the sequence of uncrossing moves, which generally involve leg, loop, and elbow-like uncrossing moves, and rendering the collection of these moves over the unfolded ensemble as a multiple-transformation “alignment”. The consensus minimal pathway is constructed and shown schematically for representative cases of an , , and knotted protein. An overlap parameter is defined between pathways; we find that proteins have minimal overlap indicating diverse folding pathways, knotted proteins are highly constrained to follow a dominant pathway, and proteins are somewhere in between. Thus we have shown how topological chain constraints can induce dominant pathway mechanisms in protein folding.
Comparing Geo-Location Bounds for TOA, TDOA, and Round-Trip Toa

Development of future geo-location systems requires an understanding of the fundamental limits imposed by system parameters such as bandwidth, SNR, number of sensors, etc. Additionally, the system designer can choose among several existing location techniques, such as time-of-arrival (TOA), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), and round-trip time-of-arrival (RT-TOA). This paper presents new Cramer-Rao bounds for the RT-TOA case and provides fair numerical comparisons of the bounds for these three time-based location methodologies. Our comparisons assume independent, flat Rayleigh fading on each sensor link, different average link SNRs based on path length, and a uniform user position distribution. We find that TOA outperforms TDOA and RT-TOA, while the relative ordering of the latter two depends on the sensor geometry.