Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of colour Doppler imaging in ocular blood flow research

The main objective of this report is to encourage consistent quality of testing and reporting within and between centres that use colour Doppler imaging (CDI) for assessment of retrobulbar blood flow. The intention of this review is to standardize methods in CDI assessment that are used widely, but not to exclude other approaches or additional tests that individual laboratories may choose or continue to use.
Exploiting Variable Dependency in Local

Stochastic search has recently been shown to be successful for solving large boolean satissability problems. However, systematic methods tend to be more eeective in problem domains with a large number of dependent variables: that is, variables whose truth values are directly determined by a smaller set of independent variables. In systematic search, truth values can be ee-ciently propagated from the independent to the dependent variables by unit propagation. Such propagation is more expensive in traditional stochastic procedures. In this paper we propose a mechanism for eeectively dealing with dependent variables in stochastic search. We also provide empirical data showing the procedure outperforms the best previous stochastic and systematic search procedures on large formulas with a high ratio of dependent to independent variables.
Mining Regular Patterns in Data Streams Using Vertical Format

The increasing prominence of data streams has been lead to the study of online mining in order to capture interesting trends, patterns and exceptions. Recently, temporal regularity in occurrence behavior of a pattern was treated as an emerging area in several online applications like network traffic, sensor networks, e-business and stock market analysis etc. A pattern is said to be regular in a data stream, if its occurrence behavior is not more than the user given regularity threshold. Although there has been some efforts done in finding regular patterns over stream data, no such method has been developed yet by using vertical data format. Therefore, in this paper we develop a new method called VDSRP-method to generate the complete set of regular patterns over a data stream at a user given regularity threshold. Our experimental results show that highly efficiency in terms of execution and memory consumption.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS

Bernard and Schott gratefully acknowledge research support from the National Science Foundation (SES0241474). Redding gratefully acknowledges financial support from a Philip Leverhulme Prize. We would like to thank Pol Antras, Richard Baldwin, James Harrigan, Marc Melitz, Tony Venables, seminar and conference participants at the NBER Spring Meetings, CEPR, the IMF, Hitotsubashi, Princeton, Columbia, the NY Fed and London School of Economics for helpful comments. The views expressed and any errors are the authors’ responsibility. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Interchange Method in Compressible Magnetized Couette Flow: Magnetorotational and Magnetoconvective Instabilities

We obtain the general forms of the axisymmetric stability criteria in a magnetized compressible Couette flow using an energy variational principle, the so-called interchange or Chandrasekhar's method, which we applied successfully in the incompressible case. This formulation accounts for the simultaneous presence of gravity, rotation, a toroidal magnetic field, a weak axial magnetic field, entropy gradients, and density gradients in the initial equilibrium state. The power of the method lies in its simplicity, which allows us to derive extremely compact and physically clear expressions for the relevant stability criteria despite the inclusion of so many physical effects. In the implementation of the method, all the applicable conservation laws are explicitly taken into account during the variations of a quantity with dimensions of energy that we call the "free-energy function. " As in the incompressible case, the presence of an axial field invalidates the conservation laws of angular momentum and azimuthal magnetic flux and introduces instead isorotation and axial current conservation along field lines. Our results are therefore markedly different depending on whether an axial magnetic field is present, and they generalize in two simple expressions all previously known, partial stability criteria for the appearance of magnetorotational instability. Furthermore, the coupling between magnetic tension and buoyancy and its influence to the dynamics of nonhomoentropic magnetized flows become quite clear from our results. In the limits of plane-parallel atmospheres and homoentropic flows, our formulation easily recovers the stability criteria for suppression of convective and Parker instabilities, as well as some related special cases studied over 40 years ago by Newcomb and Tserkovnikov via laborious variational techniques.
Measurement Error in Work Experience Measures

This paper addresses the bias inherent in the use of potential, as opposed to actual, work experience measures in human capital models. We create predicted work experience measures from the NLSY79 and the PSID and extend our …ndings to the IPUMS. We consider both additive and multiplicative measurement error constructs and …nd that the classical errors-in-variables framework does
Entropy “Floor” and Effervescent Heating of Intracluster Gas

Recent X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies have shown that the entropy of the intracluster medium (ICM), even at radii as large as half the virial radius, is higher than that expected from gravitational processes alone. This is thought to be the result of nongravitational processes influencing the physical state of the ICM. In this paper we investigate whether heating by central active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can explain the distribution of excess entropy as a function of radius. The AGNs are assumed to inject buoyant bubbles into the ICM, which heat the ambient medium by doing p dV work as they rise and expand. Several authors have suggested that this "effervescent heating" mechanism could allow the central regions of clusters to avoid the "cooling catastrophe. " Here we study the effect of effervescent heating at large radii. We find that the results are mainly sensitive to the total energy injected into the cluster. Our calculations show that such a heating mechanism is able to solve the entropy problem, provided that the total energy injected by the AGN is roughly proportional to the cluster mass. The inferred correlation is consistent with a linear relation between the mass of the central black hole(s) and the mass of the cluster, which is reminiscent of the Magorrian relation between the black hole and bulge mass.
Sorafenib Inhibits ABCG2 and Overcomes Irinotecan Resistance—Response

We are aware that sorafenib binds to plasma proteins. At steady state, when sorafenib is orally administered at 800 mg/d, accumulation ratios are 5.7 to 6.4, indicating that it has a good distribution range. Of note, 90% of sorafenib is bound to the plasma proteins ([1][1]), but the large
Brain abscess: Current management

Brain abscess (BA) is defined as a focal infection within the brain parenchyma, which starts as a localized area of cerebritis, which is subsequently converted into a collection of pus within a well-vascularized capsule. BA must be differentiated from parameningeal infections, including epidural abscess and subdural empyema. The BA is a challenge for the neurosurgeon because it is needed good clinical, pharmacological, and surgical skills for providing good clinical outcomes and prognosis to BA patients. Considered an infrequent brain infection, BA could be a devastator entity that easily left the patient into dead. The aim of this work is to review the current concepts regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of BA.
Insight into the P2P-VoD System: Performance Modeling and Analysis

P2P-based video-on-demand (P2P-VoD) streaming service has recently emerged as a new paradigm of Internet application. Unlike streaming live content, P2P-VoD system require each user to contribute a small amount of storage since it has less synchrony in the users sharing video content. At the same time, new mechanisms for peer service scheduling are carefully designed. On briefly describing the architectural design based on the real system deployed by PPLive, we develop a stochastic model that seeks to expose the essential behavior of the PPLive P2P-VoD system. The performance evaluation followed shows that the system design of PPLive P2P-VoD system could guarantee good viewing quality, and sheds insight on the fundamental characteristics and limitations of the system quantitatively. Such theoretical analysis on P2P-VoD could help to improve the viewing quality and make such system more robust and scalable.
Three Ethical Frames of Reference: Insights into Millennials' Ethical Judgements and Intentions in the Workplace

The paper investigates the ethical decisions of Millennials, who are not only part of an expanding cohort of the workforce, but also represent potential future managers with a growing influence on work practices and employment relationships. In the conceptual model, we propose that three ethical frames of reference, represented by perceived organisational ethics, perceived employee ethics and reflective moral attentiveness, antecede ethical judgements, which further influence the ethical intentions of Millennials. Using structural equation modelling, we test the model for three different business ethics scenarios: paying a consulting fee, dumping hazardous waste, and running an offensive advertising campaign. The findings confirm the link between ethical judgements and intentions across the board, while the influence of the ethical frames of reference varies among the scenarios. We propose that the differences in the predictive ability of the ethical frames of reference depend on the nature of the ethical issue, which holds important implications for today's managers in their attempts to encourage ethical behaviour of Millennial employees.
Emotional facet of language teaching: emotion regulation and emotional labor strategies as predictors of teacher burnout

Abstract This study attempted to scrutinize the multidimensional nature of teacher emotion. Three emotion-associated constructs, namely, emotion regulation, emotional labor strategies, and burnout were studied within a single framework. In particular, it was hypothesized that English as a foreign language teachers’ emotion regulation and emotional labor strategies influence teacher burnout. The results yielded via structural equation modeling substantiated the negative role of these constructs in burnout. The emotion regulation was measured via the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire developed by Gross and John. The scale comprises two subscales: cognitive reappraisal (an antecedent-focused factor aimed at changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact) and expressive suppression (a response-focused element targeted at inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings). Emotional labor strategies were assessed through the Teacher Emotional Labor Strategy Scale designed by Yin. This test consists of three parts: surface acting (which refers to strategy in which people hinder and cover their felt emotions or fake unfelt feeling for the aim of showing the appropriate emotions needed for their profession), deep acting (which refers to the kind of strategy in which individuals try to change their felt emotions with the aid of some cognitive techniques, such as distraction so as the appropriate emotion occurs), and natural acting (which refers to the instance when individuals simultaneously experience and present the appropriate emotion for their job). Burnout was measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory comprising three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment.
Food addiction and associations with mental health symptoms: a systematic review with meta‐analysis

BACKGROUND The present study systematically reviewed the literature aiming to determine the relationships between food addiction, as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and mental health symptoms. METHODS Nine databases were searched using keywords. Studies were included if they reported: (i) YFAS diagnosis or symptom score and (ii) a mental health outcome, as well as the association between (i) and (ii). In total, 51 studies were included. RESULTS Through meta-analysis, the mean prevalence of food addiction diagnosis was 16.2%, with an average of 3.3 (range 2.85-3.92) food addiction symptoms being reported. Subanalyses revealed that the mean number of food addiction symptoms in populations seeking treatment for weight loss was 3.01 (range 2.65-3.37) and this was higher in groups with disordered eating (mean 5.2 3.6-6.7). Significant positive correlations were found between food addiction and binge eating [mean r = 0.602 (0.557-0.643), P < 0.05], depression, anxiety and food addiction [mean r = 0.459 (0.358-0.550), r = 0.483 (0.228-0.676), P < 0.05, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS A significant, positive relationship exists between food addiction and mental health symptoms, although the results of the present study highlight the complexity of this relationship.
Reflections on the emergence of chikungunya virus in the United States: time to revisit a successful paradigm for the safety of blood‐derived therapies

www.nhlbi. nih.gov/guidelines. 2014. 5. Chou ST, Jackson T, Vege S, Smith-Whitley K, Friedman DF, Westhoff CM. High prevalence of red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease despite transfusion from Rh-matched minority donors. Blood 2013;122:1062-71. 6. Vichinsky EP, Luban NL, Wright E, Olivieri N, Driscoll C, Pegelow CH, Adams RJ. Prospective RBC phenotype matching in a stroke-prevention trial in sickle cell anemia: a multicenter transfusion trial. Transfusion 2001;41:1086-92. 7. Shirey RS, Ness P. New concepts of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction. In: Nance S, ed. Clinical and Basic Science of Immunohematology. Arlington, VA: AABB, 1991:179-97. 8. Taddie SJ, Barrasso C, Ness PM. A delayed transfusion reaction caused by anti-K6. Transfusion 1982;22:68-9. 9. Kacker S, Ness PM, Savage WJ, Frick KD, Shirey RS, King KE, Tobian AA. Economic evaluation of a hypothetical screening assay for alloimmunization risk among transfused patients with sickle cell disease. Transfusion 2014.
A perspective on massive random-access

This paper discusses the contemporary problem of providing multiple-access (MAC) to a massive number of uncoordinated users. First, we define a random-access code for Ka-user Gaussian MAC to be a collection of norm-constrained vectors such that the noisy sum of any Ka of them can be decoded with a given (suitably defined) probability of error. An achievability bound for such codes is proposed and compared against popular practical solutions: ALOHA, coded slotted ALOHA, CDMA, and treating interference as noise. It is found out that as the number of users increases existing solutions become vastly energy-inefficient. Second, we discuss the asymptotic (in blocklength) problem of coding for a K-user Gaussian MAC when K is proportional to blocklength and each user's payload is fixed. It is discovered that the energy-per-bit vs. spectral efficiency exhibits a rather curious tradeoff in this case.
Mapping of a gene for severe pediatric gastroesophageal reflux to chromosome 13q14.

CONTEXT Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) has not previously been widely regarded as a hereditary disease. A few reports have suggested, however, that a genetic component may contribute to the incidence of GER, especially in its severe or chronic forms. OBJECTIVE To identify a genetic locus that cosegregates with a severe pediatric GER phenotype in families with multiple affected members. DESIGN A genome-wide scan of families affected by severe pediatric GER using polymorphic microsatellite markers spaced at an average of 8 centimorgans (cM), followed by haplotyping and by pairwise and multipoint linkage analyses. SETTING General US community, with research performed in a university tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS Affected and unaffected family members from 5 families having multiple individuals affected by severe pediatric GER, identified through a patient support group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Determination of inheritance patterns and linkage of a genetic locus with the severe pediatric GER phenotype by logarithm-of-odds (lod) score analysis, considering a lod score of 3 or greater as evidence of linkage. RESULTS In these families, severe pediatric GER followed an autosomal dominant hereditary pattern with high penetrance. A gene for severe pediatric GER was mapped to a 13-cM region on chromosome 13q between microsatellite markers D13S171 and D13S263. A maximum multifamily 2-point lod score of 5.58 and a maximum multifamily multipoint lod score of 7.15 were obtained for marker D13S1253 at map position 35 cM when presumptively affected persons were modeled as unknown (a maximum multipoint score of 4.88 was obtained when presumptively affected persons were modeled as unaffected). CONCLUSION These data suggest that a gene for severe pediatric GER maps to chromosome 13q14. JAMA. 2000;284:325-334
Endothelial‐Independent Prevention of High Blood Pressure in L‐Name‐Treated Rats by Angiotensin II type I Receptor Antisense Gene Therapy

It has previously been established that a single systemic administration of retroviral vector containing angiotensin II type I receptor antisense (AT1R‐AS) in the neonatal spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) prevents development of hypertension, and in addition cardiac hypertrophy and endothelial dysfunction. However, these studies could not determine whether the effects of AT1R‐AS on high blood pressure (BP) and endothelial function were independent. Angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to reduce BP in the L‐NAME (N ω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride)‐induced rat model of hypertension. Our objective in the present study was to use the L‐NAME model of hypertension to determine whether AT1R‐AS treatment would lower high BP and attenuate cardiac hypertrophy under conditions of permanent endothelial damage. A single bolus of LNSV‐AT1R‐AS viral particles in neonatal Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats was without affect on basal BP. Efficacy of the transgene incorporation was assessed by observing a significant reduction in angiotensin‐induced dipsogenic response in the AT1R‐AS‐treated animals. Introduction of L‐NAME in the drinking water for 10 weeks resulted in the establishment of hypertension only in the WKY rats treated with vector alone. These hypertensive (BP, 179 ± 4 mmHg) animals showed a 17% increase in heart weight/body weight ratio and a 60% reduction in ACh‐induced vasorelaxation in phenylephrine‐preconstricted arteries. The L‐NAME‐induced high BP and cardiac hypertrophy were attenuated in rats expressing AT1R‐AS. However, endothelial dysfunction could not be prevented with the antisense therapy. These observations demonstrate that attenuation of endothelial dysfunction is not a prerequisite for the antihypertensive effects of AT1R‐AS treatment.
TERM INFANTS WITH HYPOXIC‐ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: OUTCOME AT 3.5 YEARS

A total of 167 term neonates with a diagnosis of hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) had detailed neurodevelopmental follow‐up at 3–5 years of age. All 66 children with mild HIE were free from handicap; all seven with severe HIE were severely handicapped; and of the 94 with moderate HIE at birth, 21‐3 per cent were handicapped. Mean IQ was significantly related to the category of HIE. Within the moderate HIE category, the neurological examination at discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was more useful than the presence of neonatal convulsions in identifying children with subsequent developmental delay. Abnormalities on this examination related significantly to an increased number of handicapped children, decreased motor and language skills, and lower IQs. Although neonatal convulsions were associated with an increased number of handicapped children, they did not significantly affect most other developmental outcome measures. In term infants with documented HIE at birth, major neurodevelopmental dysfunction at 3–5 years depended more on prospectively established category of HIE than on other perinatal or social factors.
Depression in Parkinson's disease: impediments to recognition and treatment options.

By some estimates, nearly half of patients with PD also suffer depression. Because features of PD frequently overlap with typical manifestations of major affective disorder (or mild dysthymia), both diagnosis and treatment of this comorbidity are challenging. Some of these interactive features include cognitive and speech deficits and impairments in emotional expression (e.g., PD-related facial masking) or processing. Parkinsonian depression probably is caused by an independent abnormality rather than as a maladaptive response to disease, in that the degree of depression is not correlated with PD severity. Prognostically, depressive features (e.g., introversion, inflexibility) may represent a subtle premorbid state heralding the onset of PD or an accelerated cognitive decline thereafter. Therapeutic mainstays for parkinsonian depression include psychosocial counseling at the time of PD diagnosis (and during advanced stages of PD) as well as appropriate medication regimens, the relative clinical efficacy of which remain a matter of ongoing clinical inquiry: levodopa, dopamine agonists, selegilene, tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). This review formulates a rational treatment algorithm to assist in clinical management of parkinsonian depression, an enormously complex clinical entity.
Synergy of human Pol II core promoter elements revealed by statistical sequence analysis

MOTIVATION The subject of our paper is bioinformatics analysis of the distinguishing features of human promoter DNA sequences, in particular of synergetic combinations of core promoter elements therein. We suppose that specific scenarios of transcription initiation are essentially related to various particular implementations of the interaction of basal transcription machinery with promoter DNA, depending on the presence and mutual positioning of core promoter elements. RESULTS In addition to the combinations of core promoter elements previously experimentally confirmed [TATA box and Initiator (Inr), Downstream Promoter Element (DPE) and Inr, and TFIIB recognition element (BRE) and TATA box] we propose other alternate synergetic combinations: BRE and Inr, BRE and DPE, and TATA and DPE with respective models. The suggestion is based on a high statistical significance of the alternate combinations in promoters, comparable with the significance of the known combinations. We also present arguments that the BRE element is statistically more important than previously thought, and suggest possible mechanisms of action of the core elements in the promoters with multiple transcription start sites. CONTACT ioschikhes-1@medctr.osu. edu SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary information is available at http://bmi.osu. edu/~ilya/synergy/Gershenzon_SuppMat-R.pdf.