Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Two Genes for the Biotin Carboxylase and Carboxyltransferase Subunits of Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase in Myxococcus xanthus

ABSTRACT We have cloned a DNA fragment from a genomic library ofMyxococcus xanthus using an oligonucleotide probe representing conserved regions of biotin carboxylase subunits of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) carboxylases. The fragment contained two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), designated the accB andaccA genes, capable of encoding a 538-amino-acid protein of 58.1 kDa and a 573-amino-acid protein of 61.5 kDa, respectively. The protein (AccA) encoded by the accA gene was strikingly similar to biotin carboxylase subunits of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases and of pyruvate carboxylase. The putative motifs for ATP binding, CO2 fixation, and biotin binding were found in AccA. The accB gene was located upstream of theaccA gene, and they formed a two-gene operon. The protein (AccB) encoded by the accB gene showed high degrees of sequence similarity with carboxyltransferase subunits of acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA carboxylases and of methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Carboxybiotin-binding and acyl-CoA-binding domains, which are conserved in several carboxyltransferase subunits of acyl-CoA carboxylases, were found in AccB. An accA disruption mutant showed a reduced growth rate and reduced acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity compared with the wild-type strain. Western blot analysis indicated that the product of the accA gene was a biotinylated protein that was expressed during the exponential growth phase. Based on these results, we propose that this M. xanthus acetyl-CoA carboxylase consists of two subunits, which are encoded by the accB andaccA genes, and occupies a position between prokaryotic and eukaryotic acetyl-CoA carboxylases in terms of evolution.
Seedling establishment of a boreal tree species (Pinus sylvestris) at its southernmost distribution limit: consequences of being in a marginal Mediterranean habitat

1 We analyse the factors controlling seedling establishment of Scots pine at its southernmost geographical limit (southern Spain), by monitoring emergence, survival and growth for up to 4 years in the microhabitats to which seeds are dispersed. Naturally established seedlings were monitored in two mountain ranges, and experimental sowings were performed both in woodlands and in adjacent successional shrublands into which the forest could expand. 2 Emergence was high in all microhabitats, although it was highest under the canopy of shrubs. Overall survival was low, with c. 90% of seedlings dying in the first growing season (c. 98% after several growing seasons). Survival differed among microhabitats, being highest under shrubs and extremely low (or zero) under pines or in bare soil. 3 Seedling growth was the highest in areas of bare soil, intermediate under shrubs, and very low under pines. 4 Establishment under pines was prevented by both mortality and poor performance, and good performance cannot counteract high mortality in the open. Shrubs, however, acted as nurse plants, buffering summer drought without reducing radiation to levels critical for growth, and protecting seedlings from ungulate trampling, hail and frost heave. 5 Patterns of recruitment were similar for woodland stands and successional shrublands. In addition, patterns of survival for naturally established seedlings were similar to those of seedlings originating from experimental sowings. 6 Juveniles were positively associated with shrubs but negatively with bare soil or areas below pine canopies. The facilitative effect of shrubs on seedling survival therefore changes the spatial pattern of recruitment from that determined by germination. 7 Overall, processes controlling seedling establishment in these southern Scots pine forests differ sharply from those operating in its main distribution area. The comparison among contrasting geographical ranges may contribute to an understanding of the role of environmental conditions in the balance between competition and facilitation, and assist in forecasting plant regeneration responses to global climate change.
Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics Gafd˙mhd˙v5 the Dynamics of Unforced Turbulence at High Reynolds Number for Taylor-green Vortices Generalized to Mhd

We study decaying magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) turbulence stemming from the evolution of the Taylor-Green (TG) flow generalized recently to MHD, with equal viscosity and magnetic resistivity and up to equivalent grid resolutions of 2048 3 points. A pseudo-spectral code is used in which the symmetries of the velocity and magnetic fields have been implemented, allowing for sizable savings in both computer time and usage of memory at a given Reynolds number. The flow is non-helical, and at initial time the kinetic and magnetic energies are taken to be equal and concentrated in the large scales. After testing the validity of the method on grids of 512 3 points, we analyze the data on the large grids up to Taylor Reynolds numbers of ≈ 2200. We find that the global temporal evolution is accelerated in MHD, compared to the corresponding neutral fluid case. We also observe an interval of time when such configurations have quasi-constant total dissipation, time during which statistical properties are determined after averaging over of the order of two turnover times. A weak turbulence spectrum obtains which is also given in terms of its anisotropic components. Finally, we contrast the development of small-scale eddies with two other initial conditions for the magnetic field and briefly discuss the structures that develop, and which display a complex array of current and vorticity sheets with clear rolling-up and folding.
An efficient JPEG steganographic scheme using uniform embedding

Steganography is the science and art of covert communication. Its objective is to hide the most secret messages into a cover object with the least possible statistical detectability. In practice, this is generally realized by a framework of minimal distortion embedding. This paper presents an efficient JPEG steganographic scheme based on syndrome trellis coding (STC) and a uniform embedding strategy, which, instead of random modification, tries to modify nonzero quantized DCT coefficients of different magnitude with equal probability, leading to possible minimal artifacts for statistics of DCT coefficients as a whole. The distortion metric corresponding to the uniform embedding is based on the magnitude of the DCT coefficients and both their intra- and inter-block neighborhood coefficients and known as uniform embedding distortion metric (UED). With the proposed scheme, the STC provides multiple codewords for a given message, while the UED determines the best one with minimal distortion. In this way, the average statistics change in each bin is significantly reduced, which corresponds to less detectability of steganalysis. Compared with prior arts, experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme in terms of secure embedding capacity against steganalysis.
Logical Omniscience: A Survey

Logics are powerful tools with which to reason about the behaviour of AI agents. A particular logic may provide an agent with an internal language with which it can represent and reason about the world, and act based upon its internal manipulation of this language. We can also use logics to reason about the behaviour of agents from an external perspective. For example, we could use a dynamic logic to represent the interaction between a simple deterministic automaton and its environment by introducing environment state update variables into whatever logic we use. The resulting logic may state true facts about the agent-environment pair, even if the agent does not make use of our dynamic variables. The agent may, for instance, have no internal reasoning capabilities. It may simply have its inputs hard-wired to its outputs, and so operate on no internal logic at all. However, we can still reason about the behaviour of the agent using complicated logics. We can reason about the behaviour of an agent simply by considering it to be a black box if we allow ourselves the interpretation of actions as manifesting belief—desire pairs. That is, if an agent acts to avoid an obstacle in its path, we can surmise that the agent so acted because it believed that the obstacle should be avoided, or because it sensed that particular obstacle and believed, quite generally, that obstacles should be avoided. Thus, in ascribing beliefs to agents, we need not (in general) make assumptions about the internal representations of the agent. We do not, for example, have to suppose that the agent can represents its own beliefs to itself. An agent may not even have a ‘belief’ concept, yet we may still ascribe beliefs to it. It is common in the literature to discuss and analyse accounts of knowledge, from which accounts of belief are sometimes discussed as corollaries. In what follows, however, we concentrate on the notion of belief. We do so for two reasons, one philosophical and one practical. Firstly, the notion of knowledge has traditionally been cashed out in terms of the notion of belief in the philosophical literature. The notion of knowledge as justified, true belief goes back at least as far as Plato, and provides the basis of much modern epistemological debate. Thus, in order to motivate a philosophical account of knowledge, one should first have a grasp of what it is to believe something. The relationship between
Screening for Cervical Cancer Precursors With p16/Ki-67 Dual-Stained Cytology: Results of the PALMS Study

Background Pap cytology is known to be more specific but less sensitive than testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). We assessed whether p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology, a biomarker combination indicative of transforming HPV infections, can provide high sensitivity for CIN2+ in screening while maintaining high specificity. Results were compared with Pap cytology and HPV testing. Methods A total of 27349 women 18 years or older attending routine cervical cancer screening were prospectively enrolled in five European countries. Pap cytology, p16/Ki-67 immunostaining, and HPV testing were performed on all women. Positive test results triggered colposcopy referral, except for women younger than 30 years with only positive HPV test results. Presence of CIN2+ on adjudicated histology was used as the reference standard. Two-sided bias-corrected McNemar P values were determined. Results The p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology positivity rates were comparable with the prevalence of abnormal Pap cytology results and less than 50% of the positivity rates observed for HPV testing. In women of all ages, dual-stained cytology was more sensitive than Pap cytology (86.7% vs 68.5%; P < .001) for detecting CIN2+, with comparable specificity (95.2% vs 95.4%; P = .15). The relative performance of the tests was similar in both groups of women: younger than age 30 and 30 years or older. HPV testing in women 30 years or older was more sensitive than dual-stained cytology (93.3% vs 84.7%; P = .03) but less specific (93.0% vs 96.2%; P < .001). Conclusions The p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology combines superior sensitivity and noninferior specificity over Pap cytology for detecting CIN2+. It suggests a potential role of dual-stained cytology in screening, especially in younger women where HPV testing has its limitations.
Infinite family of topologically conjugated digraphs and their quantization

We define and analyze families of classical directed graphs, which may be useful in study of quantum chaos. The number of vertices in each graph of a certain family grows to infinity, which corresponds to the semiclassical limit of the quantum system. For any initial directed graph Γ with N vertices and M bonds we define the corresponding edge-graph L(Γ). It consists of M vertices, which represent the bonds of its ancestor. In such a way any digraph determines an infinite family of topologically conjugated graphs. We show that the non-zero eigenvalues of the connectivity matrices are the same for all graphs of such a family. For certain initial graphs an infinite subsequence of such graphs may be quantized. We demonstrate that in the typical case, the spectra of the corresponding quantum maps confer to the predictions of random matrices.
A Pattern Recognition approach to automated XBRL extraction

Using example-based Pattern Recognition methods and combining years of developing both EDGAR filings and natural language processing software, BCL Technologies has developed SmartXBRL©, a simplified and automated way to create a compliant XBRL document. In this paper we describe the methods adopted to identify and extract the face financial tables, Document and Entity Information (DEI), Parenthetical, and financial Notes from a 10-Q financial document.
STRUCTURE AND MAINTENANCE OF DRY-TYPE MOISTURE DISCONTINUITIES NOT DEVELOPED BY SUBSIDENCE

are frequently observed flowing over moister and colder currents in cases where no subsidence is indicated. For long periods of time, this warni, dry air layer can be found aloft over large sections of the country, particularly over the southern United States, and for this reason its life history presents an exceedingly important problem of synoptic meteorology. The source of this air is a controversial topic (2, 3). Indeed, the present state of the question is such that even the general classification Polar or Tropical cannot be applied with certainty; and in this report no attempt will be made to label this air mass so as to imply a certain source region or to ascribe to it any definite history. I shall be concerned merely with its esistence above moister air; and for the sake of conformity with customary synoptic usage, shall refer to it as Ts air.l The extremely sharp transitions in moisture observed in passing from underlying moist air masses into the Ts currents provide an opportunity to study several interesting questions, one of which is the thermal balance accompanying these transitions. In the case of subsidence inversions there can be litt’le doubt that thermodynamic factors, particularly a t upper levels, play the dominant role in governing the thermal conditions within the inversion layer. On the other hand, the discontinuities wherein Ts is the superimposed air mass seem to be governed in large This naturally implies that
Polymorphisms in Anopheles gambiae Immune Genes Associated with Natural Resistance to Plasmodium falciparum

Many genes involved in the immune response of Anopheles gambiae, the main malaria vector in Africa, have been identified, but whether naturally occurring polymorphisms in these genes underlie variation in resistance to the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is currently unknown. Here we carried out a candidate gene association study to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with natural resistance to P. falciparum. A. gambiae M form mosquitoes from Cameroon were experimentally challenged with three local wild P. falciparum isolates. Statistical associations were assessed between 157 SNPs selected from a set of 67 A. gambiae immune-related genes and the level of infection. Isolate-specific associations were accounted for by including the effect of the isolate in the analysis. Five SNPs were significantly associated to the infection phenotype, located within or upstream of AgMDL1, CEC1, Sp PPO activate, Sp SNAKElike, and TOLL6. Low overall and local linkage disequilibrium indicated high specificity in the loci found. Association between infection phenotype and two SNPs was isolate-specific, providing the first evidence of vector genotype by parasite isolate interactions at the molecular level. Four SNPs were associated to either oocyst presence or load, indicating that the genetic basis of infection prevalence and intensity may differ. The validity of the approach was verified by confirming the functional role of Sp SNAKElike in gene silencing assays. These results strongly support the role of genetic variation within or near these five A. gambiae immune genes, in concert with other genes, in natural resistance to P. falciparum. They emphasize the need to distinguish between infection prevalence and intensity and to account for the genetic specificity of vector-parasite interactions in dissecting the genetic basis of Anopheles resistance to human malaria.
Sex ratios in the two Germanies: a test of the economic stress hypothesis.

BACKGROUND Literature describing temporal variation in the secondary sex ratio among humans reports an association between population stressors and declines in the odds of male birth. Explanations of this phenomenon draw on reports that stressed females spontaneously abort male more than female fetuses, and that stressed males exhibit reduced sperm motility. This work has led to the argument that population stress induced by a declining economy reduces the human sex ratio. No direct test of this hypothesis appears in the literature. Here, a test is offered based on a comparison of the sex ratio in East and West Germany for the years 1946 to 1999. The theory suggests that the East German sex ratio should be lower in 1991, when East Germany's economy collapsed, than expected from its own history and from the sex ratio in West Germany. METHODS The hypothesis is tested using time-series modelling methods. RESULTS The data support the hypothesis. The sex ratio in East Germany was at its lowest in 1991. CONCLUSION This first direct test supports the hypothesis that economic decline reduces the human sex ratio.
Constraints for probabilistic logic programming

In knowledge representation, one commonly distinguishes definitions of predicates from constraints. This distinction is also useful for probabilistic programming and statistical relational learning as it explains the key differences between probabilistic programming languages such as ICL, ProbLog and Prism (which are based on definitions) and statistical relational learning languages such as Markov Logic (based on constraints). This motivates us to extend ProbLog with constraints; the resulting cProbLog in a sense unifies ProbLog and Markov Logic and is strictly more expressive than either of them.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Ischemic Stroke Patients: The PRECORIS Study

Background— Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in stroke patients. Some patients with asymptomatic CAD might benefit from specific prevention, but the prevalence of asymptomatic CAD is not well known. We assessed the prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and whether the prevalence is related to traditional vascular risk factors and cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— From January 2006 to February 2009, consecutive patients between 45 and 75 years of age with nondisabling, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and no prior history of CAD were enrolled in the study. All patients had a 64-section computed tomography coronary angiography and a detailed cervicocephalic arterial workup. Risk factors were assessed individually and through the Framingham Risk Score. Among 300 patients included in the study, 274 had computed tomography coronary angiography. The prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD was 18% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14 to 23; n=50). Asymptomatic CAD was independently associated with traditional risk factors assessed individually and through the Framingham Risk Score (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 7.6 for a 10-year risk of coronary heart disease of 10% to 19%; and OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.8 to 19.1 for a 10 year-risk of coronary heart disease ≥20%), the presence of at least 1 ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 11.2), excessive alcohol consumption (OR, 3.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.3), and ankle brachial index <0.9 (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.9 to 5.2). The prevalence of ≥50% asymptomatic CAD was also related to the extent of cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Conclusions— About one fifth of patients with nondisabling, noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack have ≥50% asymptomatic CAD. In addition to vascular risk factors, the presence of ≥50% cervicocephalic artery stenosis is strongly related to ≥50% asymptomatic CAD.
CRoM and HuspExt: Improving Efficiency of High Utility Sequential Pattern Extraction

High utility sequential pattern mining has been considered as an important research problem and a number of relevant algorithms have been proposed for this topic. The main challenge of high utility sequential pattern mining is that, the search space is large and the efficiency of the solutions is directly affected by the degree at which they can eliminate the candidate patterns. Therefore, the efficiency of any high utility sequential pattern mining solution depends on its ability to reduce this big search space, and as a result, lower the computational complexity of calculating the utilities of the candidate patterns. In this paper, we propose efficient data structures and pruning technique which is based on Cumulated Rest of Match (CRoM) based upper bound. CRoM, by defining a tighter upper bound on the utility of the candidates, allows more conservative pruning before candidate pattern generation in comparison to the existing techniques. In addition, we have developed an efficient algorithm, High Utility Sequential Pattern Extraction (HuspExt), which calculates the utilities of the child patterns based on that of the parents'. Substantial experiments on both synthetic and real datasets from different domains show that, the proposed solution efficiently discovers high utility sequential patterns from large scale datasets with different data characteristics, under low utility thresholds.
A novel technique for robust image watermarking in the DCT domain

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for embedding a watermark into a still host image in the DCT domain. Unlike the traditional techniques, we embed a binary image as a watermark into the dc components of the DCT coefficients of 8/spl times/8 blocks. In the proposed algorithm, we incorporate the feature of texture masking and luminance masking of the human visual system into watermarking. The algorithm recovers the watermark without any reference to the original image. Experimental results demonstrate that the visible watermarks embedded with the proposed algorithm are robust to various attacks.
Novel control strategy for single-phase to three-phase power converter using an active buffer

A novel single-to-three-phase power converter that allows a smaller smoothing capacitor in the DC link is proposed. Large smoothing capacitors are conventionally required in such converters to absorb power ripple at twice the frequency of the power supply. The proposed topology consists of an indirect matrix converter and an active snubber to absorb the power ripple, and does not require a reactor or large smoothing capacitor. The fundamental operations of the proposed converter are confirmed through simulations and experiments.