Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic iterative sampling in coordinate metrology plan for coordinate metrology using dynamic uncertainty analysis

Coordinate metrology is inherently subject to a source of uncertainty due to an attempt to inspect an unknown surface based on a limited number of discrete observations called sampling points. The computation tasks required for this evaluation need to be designed and conducted to minimize the uncertainty factors during the inspection process. This work presents a novel sampling planning approach based on a probabilistic framework to estimate the uncertainty in reconstruction of the measured surface. The goal is to minimize the required number of sample points to inspect a surface flatness within an acceptable level of uncertainty. The developed methodology models the deviation from the ideal geometry is modeled as a linear combination of shape functions. Then a Probability Density Function (PDF) is created based on a prior model of the expected surface's deviation characteristics. By combining the prior probability density function and the current set of measurements, a new PDF for the reconstructed deviation is updated during the measurement process which which combines their expected values and their uncertainties. This PDF in turn can be used to estimate critical points for flatness measurement. Those critical points are in turn elected to be sampled at the next measurements. The proposed adaptive sampling is evaluated using virtual sampling of a machined surface. Results show important improvement over the commonly used random sampling approaches.
Two AAA Family Peroxins, PpPex1p and PpPex6p, Interact with Each Other in an ATP-Dependent Manner and Are Associated with Different Subcellular Membranous Structures Distinct from Peroxisomes

ABSTRACT Two peroxins of the AAA family, PpPex1p and PpPex6p, are required for peroxisome biogenesis in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Cells from the corresponding deletion strains (PpΔpex1and PpΔpex6) contain only small vesicular remnants of peroxisomes, the bulk of peroxisomal matrix proteins is mislocalized to the cytosol, and these cells cannot grow in peroxisome-requiring media (J. A. Heyman, E. Monosov, and S. Subramani, J. Cell Biol. 127:1259–1273, 1994; A. P. Spong and S. Subramani, J. Cell Biol. 123:535–548, 1993). We demonstrate that PpPex1p and PpPex6p interact in an ATP-dependent manner. Genetically, the interaction was observed in a suppressor screen with a strain harboring a temperature-sensitive allele of PpPEX1 and in the yeast two-hybrid system. Biochemially, these proteins were coimmunoprecipitated with antibodies raised against either of the proteins, but only in the presence of ATP. The protein complex formed under these conditions was 320 to 400 kDa in size, consistent with the formation of a heterodimeric PpPex1p-PpPex6p complex. Subcellular fractionation revealed PpPex1p and PpPex6p to be predominantly associated with membranous subcellular structures distinct from peroxisomes. Based on their behavior in subcellular fractionation experiments including flotation gradients and on the fact that these structures are also present in a PpΔpex3strain in which no morphologically detectable peroxisomal remnants have been observed, we propose that these structures are small vesicles. The identification of vesicle-associated peroxins is novel and implies a role for these vesicles in peroxisome biogenesis. We discuss the possible role of the ATP-dependent interaction between PpPex1p and PpPex6p in regulating peroxisome biogenesis events.
The safety of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in aortic valve replacement with unclampable aorta in non-octogenarians.

OBJECTIVES Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with severely atherosclerotic aortas (porcelain aorta) presents a significant technical challenge. Two strategies are deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) during conventional surgery and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes in patients who underwent DHCA for AVR with a porcelain aorta to identify whether older patients are more suitable for TAVR. METHODS Between October 2004 and December 2012, 122 patients underwent AVR using DHCA for atherosclerotic aorta. Patients with concomitant valve surgery were excluded. Overall, 63.9% (78/122) were of age <80 (non-octogenarian group, NOG) and 36.1% (44/122) were >80 (octogenarian group, OG). Of the total cohort, 62.3% (76/122) had concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery. RESULTS The mean age for the whole cohort was 75.7 ± 8.5 years; 70.2 ± 8.1 years for the NOG and 83.4 ± 2.6 years for the OG (P = 0.001). The OG had a higher rate of preoperative renal failure (20.5%, 9/44 vs 7.7%, 6/78, P = 0.048) and trends towards a greater history of cerebrovascular disease (9.1%, 4/44 vs 1.3%, 1/78, P = 0.056), but fewer reoperations (6.8%, 3/44 vs 19.2%, 15/78, P = 0.069). Cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time and circulatory arrest time were similar between the two groups. Postoperative complication rates were similar except for permanent stroke (OG 18.2%, 8/44 vs NOG 6.4%, 5/78, P = 0.065). The overall operative mortality rate was 8.2% (10/122); however, the OG had significantly higher operative mortality compared with the NOG (15.9%, 7/44 vs 3.8%, 3/78, P = 0.035). One- and 5-year survival rates were 88.9 and 79.3% for the NOG versus 75.0 and 65.9% for the OG (P = 0.027), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative neurological events and operative mortality were, respectively, 3- and 4-fold higher in octogenarians undergoing AVR using DHCA. Such patients may represent suitable candidates for TAVR if favourable outcomes are demonstrated in patients with atherosclerotic aortas. Surgical AVR remains the standard treatment option with excellent outcomes for patients <80 years old with unclampable aortas.
Effect of cimetidine on intratumoral cytokine expression in an experimental tumor.

To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of histamine in vivo, we analyzed an experimental syngenic tumor model using a colon adenocarcinoma cell line, CT-26, in Balb/c mice. In this model, distinct tumor growth was observed around 6 days after inoculation. Daily administration of cimetidine (0.12 mg/kg/day) significantly suppressed the increases in tumor volume and weight. On day 6 and day 7, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity was markedly increased. To examine the alterations in the local immune system, the cytokine expressions in the tumor tissue were measured by ribonuclease protection assay. The cytokine expression levels such as lymphotoxin-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and interleukin-15 were considerably lower in tissues on day 14 than those on day 6. These decreased expressions were all restored by cimetidine. These results indicated that the effects of cimetidine on tumor growth in this model might be mediated by restoration of the decreased local cytokine expression, which exerts antitumoral effects.
Factors associated with pesticide safety practices in farmworkers.

BACKGROUND Farmworkers and their families are exposed to pesticides through multiple pathways. Few studies have examined the frequency with which farmworkers engage in pesticide safety practices and the factors associated with their adoption. METHODS Using a large sample of farmworkers (n = 554), we evaluated relationships between pesticide safety behaviors and farmworkers' beliefs, training history, handling of pesticides at work, perceived occupational exposure, and employers' provision of personal protective equipment. RESULTS Performing behaviors at work was determined largely by whether personal protective equipment was provided. For home behaviors, female gender, living in a labor camp, being trained in the last 5 years, handling pesticides directly, and not perceiving organizational barriers to protecting oneself were associated with taking more precautions. CONCLUSIONS These findings call for interventions that involve and engage multiple stakeholders to increase adoption of pesticide safety behaviors and reduce pesticide exposure in farmworkers.
Securing IP backbones in building automation networks

The use of IP networks as common backbone is becoming of increased interest in today's building automation systems (BAS). With the use of IP also new attack scenarios that threaten the overall security of BAS are introduced. Due to the absence of native security mechanisms in IP and because of its long standing and pervasive use in the IT world, many vulnerabilities exist that are well-known to attackers. To counteract these threats, this paper presents a generic concept to secure IP backbones that is tailored to the use in building automation. A main advantage of the concept is its flexibility. Due to the used protocol architecture, it is applicable to available BAS standards without the need of an adaption of existing BAS protocols. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype implementation for the KNX standard is also presented.
Joint Congestion Control and Channel Assignment Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Networks

ongestion control in wireless networks is an important issue to be addressed. Solutions exist for single radio, single channel assignments. However, congestion control in wireless radio, multichannel wireless mesh networks play a significant role in the network communications. This problem is more complex because multiple radio channel assignment and traffic monitoring per channel are both to be jointly solved. In this work, we present a solution to solve both the problems by dividing the problem into two sub problems. One part solves the congestion control and the other part solves the channel assignment sub problem. We solve the congestion control sub problem by distribution of traffic to a set of radio paths. This solution provides channel congestion information which is used to solve channel assignment sub problem. This is an iterative procedure which increases the overall network utilization. Compared to the previous works in multi radio wireless mesh networks, we show that our approach yields significant improvement in the network utilization.
Compositions and methods for treating and preventing bone diseases using tocotrienols

The present invention relates to the use of tocotrienols for the treatment and prevention of bone diseases, the present invention particularly relates to include individual tocotrienols, tocotrienol mixtures, and one or more other bones tocotrienol a mixture of the composition of matter. Compositions and methods of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone degeneration, such as Paget's abscess (recurrent abscesses) and Gaucher disease (familial temperament anemia).
Urethane suppresses renal sympathetic nerve activity in Wistar rats.

AIM To investigate the effects of urethane on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in Wistar rats. MATERIALSAND METHODS 46 rats were randomly allocated in two groups: group A in which rats were injected with urethane; group B in which barbital sodium was used as a control. The changes of RSNA, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of each group were evaluated and analyzed. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the value of RSNA, BP and HR were all significant decreased in rats of group A after urethane injection (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that urethane could affect RSNA through somatosensory system.
Dynamics of the Chinese diet and the role of urbanicity, 1991–2011

China's food consumption patterns and eating and cooking behaviours changed dramatically between 1991 and 2011. Macronutrient composition has shifted towards fats, and protein and sodium intakes remain high and potassium intake low. The rapid decline in intake of coarse grains and, later, of refined grains and increases in intake of edible oils and animal‐source foods accompanied by major eating and cooking behaviour shifts are leading to what might be characterized as an unhealthy Western type of diet, often based on traditional recipes with major additions and changes. The most popular animal‐source food is pork, and consumption of poultry and eggs is increasing. The changes in cooking and eating styles include a decrease in the proportion of food steamed, baked, or boiled, and an increase in snacking and eating away from home. Prior to the last decade, there was essentially no snacking in China except for hot water or green tea. Most recently, the intake of foods high in added sugar has increased. The dietary shifts are affected greatly by the country's urbanization. The future, as exemplified by the diet of the three mega cities, promises major growth in consumption of processed foods and beverages.
ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED RELEASE OF DOPAMINE FROM NANOPOROUS CONDUCTING POLYMERS

Conducting polymers are synthesized on electrode surfaces, conduct electricity, and can incorporate different molecules. These properties make them ideal for biocompatible application to interface with the nervous system, particularly for drug release. This thesis describes the development of system based on nanoporous conducting polymers for the controlled release of dopamine. Polypyrrole, a conducting polymer, was demonstrated to release the neurotransmitter dopamine when electrically stimulated. Dopamine release from nanoporous and non-nanoporous polypyrrole films was characterized. Diffusion from unstimulated polypyrrole accounts for much of the dopamine release, while a fraction of the dopamine was released in a controllable fashion when the polypyrrole film was stimulated. Dopamine was retained by holding the releasing electrode at a negative potential. Dopamine release was quantified by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry using carbon-fiber microelectrodes.Successful controlled release of dopamine from conducting polymer films is promising for treatment of neurological conditions characterized by low dopamine levels, neuroscience research investigating the effects of neurotransmitters on network activity, and it also serves as a model system for controlled release of other similar molecules of pharmaceutical interest.
The significance of ventriculo-coronary arterial connections in the setting of pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum

HUNTER IN 1783, 1 HARE IN 1853,2 PEACOCK in 1871,3 and possibly Abercrombie in 1883,4 were amongst the first to describe the malformation now known as pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. From the brief description provided by Abercrombie,4 it is unclear as to whether his patient had both tricuspid and pulmonary atresia, rather than pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum, but at all events, his case was certainly an example of hypoplasia of the right heart. It was about eight decades ago, in 1926, that Grant5 first called attention to the pathological findings of a vascular connection between the right ventricle and a coronary artery in the heart from a 14-month-old female who died with this condition.5 Grant speculated that the high intracavitary pressure resulting from the atresia at the right ventricular outlet might be the cause of the vascular malformation. His suggestion was repeated nearly four decades later, in 1964, by Lauer et al.6 They published some of the earliest, and clearest, angiographic images of what they termed “intramyocardial sinusoids” in pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum.6 While they demonstrated with clarity the angiographic features of these abnormal communications, they offered no suggestions for their potential role, either positive or negative. A decade later, in 1974, one of us (RMF) suggested, along with Harrington,7 that the abnormal vascular connections could contribute to myocardial ischaemia by compromising normal diastolic flow to the coronary arteries. The interest engendered in these ventriculo-coronary arterial connections has continued to the present time,8–22 as manifested by the many publications displaying the panorama of the angiocardiographic features, and many more discussing their influence on the outcomes of surgical intervention. Thus, with this increasing appreciation of the abnormal coronary circulation, and its influence on myocardial perfusion, algorithms were defined to neutralize as far as possible this morphological variable in patients undergoing surgery.23–33 Our review will summarize the history of these fascinating communications, charting the journey that took them from a once pathologic curiosity to a recognized risk factor in the surgical management of a select group of patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, and emphasizing the steps taken to neutralize their effect.
Civilsamfund eller social kapital

Lars Hulgard: Civil Society or Social Capital? An institutional critique of theories of civil society inspired by Habermas and Putnam. There have been two main approaches to theory about the relations between civil society and democracy and the welfare state. One is the approach by Habermas that emphasizes the role of the public sphere as mediator between civil society and representative democracy. The other is an approach inspired by Putnam that emphasizes the importance of social capital. Putnam focuses on how civil involvement and voluntary associations raise the effectiveness of institutions in modern society. Both approaches have met with considerable criticism from different points of view. However the article argues that a similar criticism can be made of both approaches although they seem so different. It argues that the crucial challenge is to include an institutional perspective in whichever perspective one employs in the study the status of civil society as a democratic or welfare impulse in modern society. The article reviews the various criticisms of the two approaches and shows how an institutional perspective can be employed to both approaches.
The deep Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is a long sinuous ocean which originated during the Mesozoic following the breakup of the supercontinent of Pangea. For most of its length, the eastern and western boundaries are clearly defined by land masses, except where it is separated from the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico by troughs and trenches. The northern and southern limits are more difficult to define. To the north we consider the Atlantic to include the subpolar Greenland and Norwegian Basins. These are linked hydrographically to the rest of the Atlantic, although they are isolated topographically by the ridge system extending between Greenland and Scotland. To the south, the boundary between the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean is generally defined hydrologically by the Subtropical Convergence around 40oS (e.g., Webb, 1996). In this chapter we review current knowledge about the distribution and ecology of organisms on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean from the continental slope to the abyss, and describe the environmental setting that they experience. We focus particularly on the North Atlantic, since the literature for this hemisphere is far more voluminous than for the South Atlantic. As with any large review, we have been selective in our coverage of the regional literature, concentrating on aspects with which we are most familiar, or which have received greatest attention from investigators. Our treatment of the Atlantic intentionally omits hydrothermal vent and seep settings, which are covered in Chapter 4 of this volume. Following a description of the environment of the deep Atlantic, and of the biological communities region by region, we have attempted to synthesize general patterns of faunal density and biomass, community respiration, bioturbation and succession.
Remote Sensing of Shallow Coastal Benthic Substrates: In situ Spectra and Mapping of Eelgrass (Zostera marina) in the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve of Canada

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a keystone component of inter- and sub-tidal ecosystems. However, anthropogenic pressures have caused its populations to decline worldwide. Delineation and continuous monitoring of eelgrass distribution is an integral part of understanding these pressures and providing effective coastal ecosystem management. A proposed tool for such spatial monitoring is remote imagery, which can cost- and time-effectively cover large and inaccessible areas frequently. However, to effectively apply this technology, an understanding is required of the spectral behavior of eelgrass and its associated substrates. In this study, in situ hyperspectral measurements were used to define key spectral variables that provide the greatest spectral separation between Z. marina and associated submerged substrates. For eelgrass classification of an in situ above water reflectance dataset, the selected variables were: slope 500–530 nm, first derivatives (R’) at 566 nm, 580 nm, and 602 nm, yielding 98% overall accuracy. When the in situ reflectance dataset was water-corrected, the selected variables were: 566:600 and 566:710, yielding 97% overall accuracy. The depth constraint for eelgrass identification with the field spectrometer was 5.0 to 6.0 m on average, with a range of 3.0 to 15.0 m depending on the characteristics of the water column. A case study involving benthic classification of hyperspectral airborne imagery showed the major advantage of the variable selection was meeting the sample size requirements of the more statistically complex Maximum Likelihood classifier. Results of this classifier yielded eelgrass classification accuracy of over 85%. The depth limit of eelgrass spectral detection for the AISA sensor was 5.5 m.
Genes and atrial fibrillation: a new look at an old problem.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormality of the heart’s rhythm that is characterized by rapid and irregular activation of the atria. AF was first described in humans in 19061 and is now recognized to be the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and a major public health burden.2 The loss of coordinated atrial contraction results in reduced ventricular filling and blood stasis in the atria, which predispose to heart failure and thromboembolic stroke, respectively.3,4 AF accounts for 15% of all strokes and one third of strokes in individuals >65 years of age.4 AF is also an independent risk factor for death, with a relative risk over all age groups of 1.5 for men and 1.9 for women.5 The prevalence of AF increases with age, ranging from 80 years old.6 Given our aging population, together with contemporary increases in the incidence of risk factors for AF, the numbers affected and the hospitalization and treatment costs are predicted to increase markedly in the future.2 These observations underscore the need for a better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of AF and for the development of new approaches to prevention and management. AF is frequently observed as a complication of diverse cardiac and systemic disorders, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and cardiomyopathies. Hence, AF has traditionally been regarded as a sporadic, nongenetic disorder. In approximately 10% to 20% of cases, an underlying cause cannot be identified, and AF is termed “idiopathic” or “lone. ”7 One hundred years on, there is now accumulating evidence that genetic factors have a role in the pathogenesis of AF in a significant proportion of cases. The genes involved and the mechanisms by which defects in these genes alter atrial electrophysiological properties …