Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Active Suspension Control Based on Improved Fuzzy Neural Network PID

To improve the comfort and smoothness of vehicle driving and reduce the vehicle vibration caused by uneven road surface. In this paper, a new active suspension control strategy is pro-posed by combining a fuzzy neural network and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, taking body acceleration as the main optimization target and adjusting the parameters of the PID controller in real time. Meanwhile, a fuzzy neural network parameter optimization algorithm combining a particle swarm optimization algorithm and gradient descent method is proposed to realize offline optimization and online fine-tuning of fuzzy neural network parameters. Finally, the active suspension model of a 2-degree-of-freedom 1/4 vehicle is established using MATLAB/Simulink, and the proposed control scheme is verified through simulation studies. The results show that the active suspension system with a particle swarm-optimized fuzzy neural network control method improves the spring mass acceleration, dynamic deflection of suspension, and dynamic tire deformation by 30.4%, 17.8%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared with the passive suspension. In addition, there are also 14.6%, 12.1%, and 11.2% performance improvements, respectively, compared to the PID-controlled active suspension system. These results indicate that the control strategy proposed in this paper can improve the vehicle driving performance and can support the design and development of active suspension systems.
New enhancement of infrared image based on human visual system

Infrared images are firstly analyzed using the multifractal theory so that the singularity of each pixel can be extracted from the images. The multifractal spectrum is then estimated, which can reflect overall characteristic of an infrared image. Thus the edge and texture of an infrared image can be accurately extracted based on the singularity of each pixel and the multifractal spectrum. Finally the edge pixels are classified and enhanced in accordance with the sensitivity of human visual system to the edge profile of an infrared image. The experimental results obtained by this approach are compared with those obtained by other methods. It is found that the proposed approach can be used to highlight the edge area of an infrared image to make an infrared image more suitable for observation by human eyes.
A Hollow-Waveguide-Fed Planar Wideband Patch Antenna Array for Terahertz Communications

This article presents a design of terahertz (THz) patch antenna array with high gain and wideband features. The proposed array consists of eight subarrays printed on a single-layer high-frequency laminate and a power distribution network realized by a hollow waveguide made from a copper block. The simulated results show that the subarray can achieve an impedance bandwidth of 37% for the reflection coefficient < −10 dB with a peak gain of 15.2 dBi at 155 GHz. The 1-to-8 hollow-waveguide network has a simulated reflection coefficient below −14 dB and a simulated transmission loss smaller than 0.4 dB. A parametric analysis is implemented to determine the range of key parameters of the subarray and find out fabrication tolerance of the array at such high frequency. The measured results show that the proposed array achieves the reflection coefficient below −10 dB from 150 to 205 GHz. The measured 3-dB gain bandwidth of the proposed antenna array is 19.7% with a maximum gain of 21.9 dBi. These performances ensure that the proposed array is a promising candidate for THz communications.
Mechanisms initiating deep convection over complex terrain during COPS

Precipitating convection in a mountain region of moderate topography is investigated, with particular emphasis on its initiation in response to boundary-layer and mid- and upper-tropospheric forcing mechanisms. The data used in the study are from COPS (Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study) that took place in southwestern Germany and eastern France in the summer of 2007. It is found that the initiation of precipitating convection can be roughly classified as being due to either: (i) surface heating and low-level flow convergence; (ii) surface heating and moisture supply overcoming convective inhibition during latent and/or potential instability; or (iii) mid-tropospheric dynamical processes due to mesoscale convergence lines and forced mean vertical motion. These phenomena have to be adequately represented in models in order to improve quantitative precipitation forecast. Selected COPS cases are analyzed and classified into these initiation categories. Although only a subset of COPS data (mainly radiosondes, surface weather stations, radar and satellite data) are used here, it is shown that convective systems are captured in considerable detail by sensor synergy. Convergence lines were observed by Doppler radar in the location where deep convection is triggered several hours later. The results suggest that in many situations, observations of the location and timingmore » of convergence lines will facilitate the nowcasting of convection. Further on, forecasting of the initiation of convection is significantly complicated if advection of potentially convective air masses over changing terrain features plays a major role. The passage of a frontal structure over the Vosges - Rhine valley - Black Forest orography was accompanied by an intermediate suppression of convection over the wide Rhine valley. Further downstream, an intensification of convection was observed over the Black Forest due to differential surface heating, a convergence line, and the flow generated by a gust front. « less
A softer connectivity principle

We give soft, quantitatively optimal extensions of the classical Sphere Theorem, Wilking's connectivity principle and Frankel's Theorem to the context of ${k}$-th Ricci curvature. The hypotheses are soft in the sense that they are satisfied on sets of metrics that are open in the $C^{2}$-topology.
Numerical Study of Heat Diffusion Employing the Lagrangian Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method: an Analysis of the Applicability of the Laplacian Operator and the Influence of the Boundaries on the Solution

In this paper, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method was applied for the study of heat diffusion in a homogeneous flat plate subjected to the Dirichlet boundary condition. The numerical simulations by the SPH method have been performed using different interpolation functions (kernels), discretizations of the domain by particles and a proposed Laplacian operator. On the other hand, the analytical solution was used to obtain a standard solution for the problem. In the inner regions of the domain, the convergence of the results occurred for the unique solution, when the steady state has been reached. In SPH, the Laplacian operator was suitable to be employed in the study. Comparing SPH and analytical results, the lowest differences in temperatures have been found when the kernel degree was the highest and the number of particles used in the discretization of the domain was the highest too. In the regions near the boundaries was seen the phenomenon of particles inconsistency (due to the truncation of the smoothing function by the boundary) and the consequent emergence of the largest temperature differences near the bottom corners. To obtain better results it has been necessary to make boundaries corrections, in order to recover the consistency lost by the truncation of the compact support defined in the SPH method.
COLORED HOMFLY POLYNOMIALS FROM CHERN–SIMONS THEORY

We elaborate the Chern-Simons eld theoretic method to obtain colored HOM- FLY invariants of knots and links. Using multiplicity-free quantum 6j-symbols for Uq(slN ), we present explicit evaluations of the HOMFLY invariants colored by symmetric represen- tations for a variety of knots, two-component links and three-component links.
The Role of p66Shc in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review from Bench to Bedside

It is well-documented that diabetes is an inflammatory and oxidative disease, with an escalating global burden. Still, there is no definite treatment for diabetes or even prevention of its harmful complications. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways associated with diabetes might help in finding a solution. p66Shc is a member of Shc family proteins, and it is considered as an oxidative stress sensor and regulator in cells. There are inconsistent data about the role of p66Shc in inducing diabetes, but accumulating evidence supports its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications, including macro and microangiopathies. There is growing hope that by understanding and targeting molecular pathways involved in this network, prevention of diabetes or its complications would be achievable. This review provides an overview about the role of p66Shc in the development of diabetes and its complications.
Joint User Association and Beamforming Multi-Objective Optimization for Distributed mmWave Networks

In this letter, we investigate multi-objective optimization methods for joint user association and beamforming in downstream distributed millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks. Multiple goals are considered together, including maximizing system throughput, minimizing end-to-end latency between users and remote radio units (RRUs), and RRU load balancing. We use Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to dynamically infer the weights of different objective functions according to user needs, assisting operators to provide customer-centric network access services. In addition, we innovatively adopt the extended gene coding method in the genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that extending the genetic code can significantly improve the performance of the genetic algorithm. The user-centric network access service can be realized by the fuzzy logic and the genetic algorithm. In this way, network throughput, end-to-end delay between users and RRUs, and load balancing can be simultaneously improved.
Periodic solutions and regularization of a Kepler problem with time-dependent perturbation

We consider a Kepler problem in dimension two or three, with a time-dependent $T$-periodic perturbation. We prove that for any prescribed positive integer $N$, there exist at least $N$ periodic solutions (with period $T$) as long as the perturbation is small enough. Here the solutions are understood in a general sense as they can have collisions. The concept of generalized solutions is defined intrinsically and it coincides with the notion obtained in Celestial Mechanics via the theory of regularization of collisions.
A Coherent Frequency Comb in the Extreme Ultraviolet

In the course of this work, a system was designed and developed to nonlinearily convert a femtosecond frequency comb laser into the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range (120-30 nm). The optical frequency comb, for which the nobel prize 2005 was awarded to John Hall and Theodor W. Hansch, has become an indispensable tool for high precision spectroscopy. With the aid of a mode locked femtosecond laser it is possible to directly and phase coherently link the radio frequency domain and the frequency range of visible light. Today's most accurate time standard, the cesium atomic clock operates in the former and therefore it became possible for the first time to compare arbitrary optical frequencies with our primary time standard and measure them with 15 digits of accuracy. Among other things, this method allowed one of the most accurate test of quantum electrodynamics (QED) today in the course of the determination of the 1S-2S transition frequency of atomic hydrogen that is carried out in one of our labs. But also experiments in the field of ultrafast physics rely on the frequency comb technique to generate precisely controlled optical waveforms. An especially intriguing possibility is to exploit the unique combination of high peak power in the megawatt range and the high spectral quality (on the order of 10^14) of single comb modes of a femtosecond frequency comb. To this end, in the method presented in this thesis, the femtosecond pulse train is coupled to an optical resonator of high finesse. With this trick, the field strength inside the resonator exceeds the driving lasers field by almost an order of magnitude. Enough to efficiently drive a nonlinear process of high order inside a medium of xenon atoms. As a result harmonics of the driving frequency comb up to 15\nth order are generated. The obtained field contains photons with energies exceeding 20~eV, a spectral region which is not or only hard to access by conventional continuous laser source. Therefore the presented XUV frequency comb source brings direct frequency measurements at such high photon energies into the realm of possibility for the first time. In particular, an improved version of the demonstrated source will be used to take the next step in an experiment with a long tradition in our group, the 1S-2S spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen. The generated frequency comb in the vicinity of 60~nm wave length will be used to probe the 1S-2S transition in singly charged helium, a hydrogen like system with larger nuclear charge. From such a measurement it can be expected that, compared to hydrogen, relativistic corrections from the QED theory become more important as the system has higher energies in general. For this reason this could lead to a test of QED with increased sensitivity. Other applications of such a compact and relatively simple coherent source of XUV radiation could be high resolution spectroscopy, XUV holography, but could also lie in the research area of ultrafast physics.
L^$\infty$ estimates for the jko scheme in parabolic-elliptic keller-segel systems

We prove L^$\infty$ estimates on the densities that are obtained via the JKO scheme for a general form of a parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel type system, with arbitrary diffusion, arbitrary mass, and in arbitrary dimension. Of course, such an estimate blows up in finite time, a time proportional to the inverse of the initial L^$\infty$ norm. This estimate can be used to prove short-time well-posedness for a number of equations of this form regardless of the mass of the initial data. The time of existence of the constructed solutions coincides with the maximal time of existence of Lagrangian solutions without the diffusive term by characteristic methods.
HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATION OF VEHICLE ANTILOCK BRAKING SYSTEM

– HIL (Hardware-in-the-Loop) simulation is widely used in the development of automotive functional software because of its high efficiency and low cost. As one of the most widely used automotive active safety systems, the development and testing of ABS (Antilock braking system) are also more convenient due to the emergence of HIL. Firstly, this paper summarizes the research status of ABS HIL simulation in recent years from the following two aspects. Control strategies that include logic threshold control, fuzzy PID algorithm, self-optimization control, and sliding-mode control will be introduced, and some researchers have also conducted HIL research on the coordination control strategy of ABS with other control institutions, such as EPS (Electric power steering) and DYC (Direct yaw-moment control). The other one is that new type test benches were designed for developing and improving ABS. Secondly, a wheel speed signal simulation mechanism was designed. When the dynamic electrical performance of the ABS is tested in the laboratory, the tested vehicle is stationary and its driven wheels do not rotate. At this moment this device can be used to simulate the driven wheel speed so as to provide basic data for future research on the dynamic electrical performance of the ABS. Finally, this paper points out the development trend of ABS HIL simulation.
The impact of a natural time change on the convergence of the Crank–Nicolson scheme

We first analyse the effect of a square root transformation to the time variable on the convergence of the Crank-Nicolson scheme when applied to the solution of the heat equation with Dirac delta function initial conditions. In the original variables, the scheme is known to diverge as the time step is reduced with the ratio of the time step to space step held constant and the value of this ratio controls how fast the divergence occurs. After introducing the square root of time variable we prove that the numerical scheme for the transformed partial differential equation now always converges and that the ratio of the time step to space step controls the order of convergence, quadratic convergence being achieved for this ratio below a critical value. Numerical results indicate that the time change used with an appropriate value of this ratio also results in quadratic convergence for the calculation of the price, delta and gamma for standard European and American options without the need for Rannacher start-up steps.
Development of an Autonomous Driving Vehicle for Garbage Collection in Residential Areas

Autonomous driving and its real-world implementation have been among the most actively studied topics in the past few years. In recent years, this growth has been accelerated by the development of advanced deep learning-based data processing technologies. Moreover, large automakers manufacture vehicles that can achieve partially or fully autonomous driving for driving on real roads. However, self-driving cars are limited to some areas with multi-lane roads, such as highways, and self-driving cars that drive in urban areas or residential complexes are still in the development stage. Among autonomous vehicles for various purposes, this paper focused on the development of autonomous vehicles for garbage collection in residential areas. Since we set the target environment of the vehicle as a residential complex, there is a difference from the target environment of a general autonomous vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, we defined ODD, including vehicle length, speed, and driving conditions for the development vehicle to drive in a residential area. In addition, to recognize the vehicle’s surroundings and respond to various situations, it is equipped with various sensors and additional devices that can notify the outside of the vehicle’s state or operate it in an emergency. In addition, an autonomous driving system capable of object recognition, lane recognition, route planning, vehicle manipulation, and abnormal situation detection was configured to suit the vehicle hardware and driving environment configured in this way. Finally, by performing autonomous driving in the actual experimental section with the developed vehicle, it was confirmed that the function of autonomous driving in the residential area works appropriately. Moreover, we confirmed that this vehicle would support garbage collection works through the experiment of work efficiency.
Dynamic matrix product ansatz and Bethe ansatz equation for asymmetric exclusion process with periodic boundary

A new type of dynamic matrix product ansatz is proposed. The states which satisfy the “imaginary time” Schrodinger equation are represented in the form of products of time-dependent and time-independent matrices. From the algebra among the matrices, the Bethe ansatz equation is derived for the asymmetric exclusion process and the XXZ spin chain under the periodic boundary condition.
Cobalamin Co‐Limits Phytoplankton and Bacterial Biomass and Activity in Eastern Mediterranean Coastal Waters

In this study, we examined the response of phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria to B12 amendments in microcosm experiments in the coastal southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS) during the summer, where ambient levels of dissolved B12 ranged from as low as ∼2 pmol L−1 to 60 pmol L−1 (median 5.3 pmol L−1). Additions of B12 (20 pmol L−1) to surface seawater triggered a 4‐fold increase in NO3+NO2 uptake compared to unamended seawater, resulting in proliferation of mainly pico/nano‐eukaryotic phytoplankton (∼30%) and increase in primary and bacterial productivity (40%–50%). Complimentary experiments that tested the combined effects of nutrient (NO3 and PO4) and B12 additions suggest that phytoplankton were primarily NO3 and B12 co‐limited, whereas heterotrophic bacteria were PO4 and B12 co‐limited. These results provide valuable information about the marine distribution of nutrient limitation in low nutrients low chlorophyll (LNLC) environments such as the SEMS, and how bacterioplankton might respond to environmental perturbations.
Spurious Self-Suppression Method: Application to TM Cavity Filters

This article presents a new approach for improving spurious free bands in filters. The main idea is to control the coupling coefficients of the spurious resonances, in order to force them to cancel each other. This approach is completely different from the classical one where all couplings are minimized in order to excite spurious resonances as less as possible. In fact, in this approach, all spurious couplings are maximized except the central coupling that is instead minimized. This method is first explained in terms of equivalent circuits. Then, in order to show its applicability to real microwave filters, it is applied to the TM cavity filters and used to remove both spurious resonances due to higher order cavity modes and to TE10 mode of coupling irises. Design examples of fourth- and sixth-order TM cavity filters are presented. With respect to the classical TM cavity filter, where the first spurious appears around 11.4 GHz, the TM filters designed by exploiting the self-suppression method present spurious free bands up to 20.2 GHz (20 GHz for sixth-order filter), improving the filter response up to 2.2 times the center frequency of 9.2 GHz. Another advantage is that, in contrast to the classical spurious suppression method that does not allow responses with TZs in TM filters, the self-suppression method allows for a number of TZs equal to N-2 (N being the filter order) and it also allows a certain control of their position.
Universality for random tensors and cycle graphs with multiple edges

We consider the universality for the trace invariants of $c_1 N \times \cdots \times c_D N$ tensors with i.i. d. complex random elements. In the case $c_1 = \cdots = c_D$, Gurau derived the universality in the limit $N \to \infty$ by representing the average trace invariants in terms of the corresponding colored graphs. Moreover he could explicitly calculate the asymptotic forms of the average trace invariants, if the corresponding graphs were special ones called "melonic graphs". In this paper we study another kind of special graphs, cycle graphs with multiple edges. One can construct these graphs by using simple cycle graphs and melonic graphs. Counting the number of the components, we can explicitly calculate the asymptotic forms of the average trace invariants.
Shock wave–thermal inhomogeneity interactions: Analysis and numerical simulations of sound generation

In the present paper the interaction of a moving planar shock wave with a cylindrical thermal inhomogeneity is analyzed. Due to the interaction, both vorticity and sound waves are generated. The main focus of the paper is on the generation and propagation of the acoustic waves and their dependence on shock strength and inhomogeneity intensity. An acoustic analogy of the problem has been formulated as a basis of comparison for the structure of the acoustic pressure field in the limit of either weak shocks or weak inhomogeneities. An extensive numerical study has been carried out in order to understand the influence of both shock strength and intensity of the inhomogeneity. The results show that the acoustic field obeys a two-stage evolution that occurs on a time scale that is independent of shock and inhomogeneity intensities. The comparison of the computed far-field pressure with the theoretical result shows that for weak inhomogeneities the sound is well predicted by the acoustic analogy regardless of th.