Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emergency Visits for Childhood Poisoning: A 2-Year Prospective Multicenter Survey in Spain

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of childhood poisoning leading to consultation to 17 pediatric emergency departments in Spain. Methods: During a 2-year period (January 2001 to December 2002), accompanying people of 2157 children with acute intoxication who visited consecutively at the emergency room were prospectively surveyed. Results: Childhood poisoning accounted for 0.28% of all emergency visits during the study period. The median (interquartile range, 25th-75th percentile) age was 24 months (22-60 months); 67% of children were younger than 4 years. Drug ingestion was involved in 54.7% of cases (paracetamol was the most frequent drug), domestic products in 28.9%, alcohol in 5.9%, carbon monoxide in 4.5%, and illicit drugs in 1.5%. A total of 61.3% of patients were admitted within 1 hour after exposure to the toxic substance, and 10.3% had been already treated before arrival; 29.1% of patients were referred for clinical manifestations which were mostly neurological symptoms. Laboratory tests and other investigations were performed in 40.7% of cases. Gastrointestinal decontamination was used in 51.7% of patients, with activated charcoal in 32.3%. Treatment varied significantly according to the individual hospitals. A total of 83.3% of patients were treated as outpatients, 15.2% were hospitalized, and 1.5% were admitted to the intensive care unit. One 11-month-old boy with carbon monoxide intoxication died. Six patients had permanent sequelae (esophageal stenosis in 5 and partial blindness in 1). Conclusions: Young children who accidentally ingested drugs and, less frequently, domestic products accounted for most cases of intoxication who presented at the pediatric emergency department.
Brain-Sparing in Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Considerations for the Neonatologist

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is most commonly caused by placental insufficiency, in response to which the fetus adapts its circulation to preserve oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain (‘brain-sparing'). Currently, little is known about the postnatal course and consequences of this antenatal adaptation of the cerebral circulation. The altered cerebral haemodynamics may persist after birth, which would imply a different approach with regard to cerebral monitoring and clinical management of IUGR preterm neonates than their appropriately grown peers. Few studies are available with regard to this topic, and the small body of evidence shows controversy. This review discusses the cerebral circulatory adaptations of IUGR fetuses and appraises the available literature on their postnatal cerebral circulation with potential clinical consequences.
Hyperspectral Imagery Classification Aiming at Protecting Classes of Interest

Classification is an important technique of hyperspetral imagery processing. In traditional classification methods of hyperspectral imagery, all classes are treated equally. Some of them, however, should be given more regard, and so, it is significant to emphasize particularly on the analysis effect of classes of interest. In this case, two kinds of processing methods are proposed to protect classes of interest in process of least square SVM based classification: deleting training samples and changing diagonal elements. In former method, by deleting samples of uninterested classes in process of SVM training, interested classes are left and their classification accuracies are improved greatly. In latter method, by attaching different weights to diagonal elements of punishment matrix, samples of interested classes are given more regard and so the corresponding classification accuracies are improved. Elaborate experiments show that the proposed methods can improve the classification effect of classes of interest.
A Regulated DC-DC Voltage Source Converter Using a High Frequency Link

Power converters which employ a high frequency (HF) link possess several attractive features such as reduced size of reactive components, fast response, and ease of commutation. Either series or parallel connection of the load to the link capacitor can be employed by such converters. Converters that have a series link capacitor-load configuration are seen by the load as a current source. A dc-dc converter which uses a parallel link capacitor-load configuration is investigated. The output dc voltage is regulated by varying the link frequency. Such a converter behaves as a voltage source and is suitable for voltage source inverter applications. The converter is analyzed. Based on the analysis, a design procedure is given. A control scheme is outlined. Results from a prototype converter are presented.
Climatic and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Four Corners region, United States.

To investigate climatic, spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) cases in the Four Corners region, we collected exposure site data for HPS cases that occurred in 1993 to 1995. Cases clustered seasonally and temporally by biome type and geographic location, and exposure sites were most often found in pinyon-juniper woodlands, grasslands, and Great Basin desert scrub lands, at elevations of 1,800 m to 2,500 m. Environmental factors (e.g., the dramatic increase in precipitation associated with the 1992 to 1993 El Niño) may indirectly increase the risk for Sin Nombre virus exposure and therefore may be of value in designing disease prevention campaigns.
Channel reservation based on contention and interference in wireless ad hoc networks

Packet loss in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks is an important factor in network performance optimization. Typically, MAC frame collisions and queue overflow caused by MAC contentions and interference are the main reasons of packet loss. Recently, MAC frame collisions had been paid much attentions to in mitigating packet loss. Whereas, queue overflow among inter-flow has rarely attracted attentions. In this paper, we first analyze how contentions among inter-flows will cause queue overflow and further packet loss. We show network local spatial reuse is also an important factor which will cause queue overflow at a forwarding station. With the information of queue status, each forwarding station determines whether to reserve the transmission of subsequent frames in the waiting queue. The reserved data frames will not suffer from contentions and interference and network local channel utilization is also improved. By theory analysis and simulations, we show our proposed channel reservation scheme can effectively reduce packet loss and improve network local channel efficiency in multi-hop wireless networks.
Emergence of Epidemic Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup X Meningitis in Togo and Burkina Faso

Serogroup X meningococci (NmX) historically have caused sporadic and clustered meningitis cases in sub-Saharan Africa. To study recent NmX epidemiology, we analyzed data from population-based, sentinel and passive surveillance, and outbreak investigations of bacterial meningitis in Togo and Burkina Faso during 2006–2010. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were analyzed by PCR. In Togo during 2006–2009, NmX accounted for 16% of the 702 confirmed bacterial meningitis cases. Kozah district experienced an NmX outbreak in March 2007 with an NmX seasonal cumulative incidence of 33/100,000. In Burkina Faso during 2007–2010, NmX accounted for 7% of the 778 confirmed bacterial meningitis cases, with an increase from 2009 to 2010 (4% to 35% of all confirmed cases, respectively). In 2010, NmX epidemics occurred in northern and central regions of Burkina Faso; the highest district cumulative incidence of NmX was estimated as 130/100,000 during March–April. Although limited to a few districts, we have documented NmX meningitis epidemics occurring with a seasonal incidence previously only reported in the meningitis belt for NmW135 and NmA, which argues for development of an NmX vaccine.
Re-Certification of Software Reliability without Re-Testing1

Usage testing or operational profile testing is depicted as an important test technique to remove the most critical faults from an operational perspective. The technique also allows for determination of the software reliability through application of software reliability models. This is, of course, beneficial, but a problem arises as the usage changes and this can be expected as new services are added to the existing system or the behaviour of the users change due to some reason. Therefore, a method to re-certify software reliability without re-testing the software for all potential changes that may occur is needed. This paper outlines such a procedure based on fault content estimations and by recording a number of measures during usage testing. The procedure gives a basis for determining whether more testing or other means to remove faults is needed prior to the usage changes or if the reliability requirements are fulfilled even after a change in usage. It is concluded that the proposed procedure can be a valuable tool to cope with changes in usage, but more research as well as practical experience from the proposed procedure is needed. Keyword codes: D.2. 0, D.2. 5, D.2. 8
SDN-based mobile networking for cellular operators

In this paper, we propose a Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based mobile networking approach with two kinds of controller models. The proposed approach keeps the legacy mobility control plane integrated with SDN, thus being able to realize flexible and scalable cellular networks based on SDN, while supporting enhanced mobility management on the utilization of legacy mobility control plane. That is, such a partially-separated mobile SDN architecture can increase the flexibility of mobility management while maximizing the utilization of the deployed networks, without stripping all the mobility-related legacy equipment from the network. We describe the applicability of the presented approach with exemplary use cases that can be effectively achieved or flexibly implemented over the proposed models. Enhanced performance and implementation challenges are finally presented and discussed.
Gender identity development among transgender and gender nonconforming emerging adults: An intersectional approach

ABSTRACT Background: The present study used an intersectional framework to elucidate similarities and differences in the gender-related experiences reported by a diverse sample of transgender and gender nonconforming emerging adults (n = 20, age 19–22). The first aim was to identify dimensions of gender-related experience that captured how participants describe, relate to, and express their gender-related sense of self. The second aim was to identify intrapersonal processes that supported the development of participants' gender-related sense of self across these dimensions. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted and data was analyzed using an inductive process of constructivist grounded theory. Results: Dimensions of gender-related experience included gender identity (e.g., internal sense of one's gender, how one wishes others to perceive their gender, gender identity labels), gender presentation (e.g., clothing, make-up, style), gender expression (e.g., role in relationships and interactions, interests/activities, personality), and physical self-image (e.g., desired primary and secondary sex characteristics). Intrapersonal processes included awareness, exploration, meaning making, and integration. Being able to fully express one's gender and having this sense of self accurately reflected back by others was important to all participants. However, much variation existed in gender-related experience, including how participants described their internal sense of self, expressed and communicated this sense of self, and related to others of similar and different genders. Conclusion: The intersectional approaches of both intercategorical and intracategorical complexity were useful in conceptualizing these similarities and differences in experience.
Diverging Responses of Tropical Andean Biomes under Future Climate Conditions

Observations and projections for mountain regions show a strong tendency towards upslope displacement of their biomes under future climate conditions. Because of their climatic and topographic heterogeneity, a more complex response is expected for biodiversity hotspots such as tropical mountain regions. This study analyzes potential changes in the distribution of biomes in the Tropical Andes and identifies target areas for conservation. Biome distribution models were developed using logistic regressions. These models were then coupled to an ensemble of 8 global climate models to project future distribution of the Andean biomes and their uncertainties. We analysed projected changes in extent and elevational range and identified regions most prone to change. Our results show a heterogeneous response to climate change. Although the wetter biomes exhibit an upslope displacement of both the upper and the lower boundaries as expected, most dry biomes tend to show downslope expansion. Despite important losses being projected for several biomes, projections suggest that between 74.8% and 83.1% of the current total Tropical Andes will remain stable, depending on the emission scenario and time horizon. Between 3.3% and 7.6% of the study area is projected to change, mostly towards an increase in vertical structure. For the remaining area (13.1%–17.4%), there is no agreement between model projections. These results challenge the common believe that climate change will lead to an upslope displacement of biome boundaries in mountain regions. Instead, our models project diverging responses, including downslope expansion and large areas projected to remain stable. Lastly, a significant part of the area expected to change is already affected by land use changes, which has important implications for management. This, and the inclusion of a comprehensive uncertainty analysis, will help to inform conservation strategies in the Tropical Andes, and to guide similar assessments for other tropical mountains.
LINKED DATA INTEGRATION

This paper proposes a method of identifying and aggregating literal nodes that have the same meaning in Linked Open Data (LOD) in order to facilitate cross-domain search. LOD has a graph structure in which most nodes are represented by Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), and thus LOD sets are connected and searched through different domains.However, 5% of the values are literal values (strings without URI) even in a de facto hub of LOD, DBpedia. In SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) queries, we need to rely on regular expression to match and trace the literal nodes. Therefore, we propose a novel method, in which part of the LOD graph structure is regarded as a block image, and then the matching is calculated by image features of LOD. In experiments, we created about 30,000 literal pairs from a Japanese music category of DBpedia Japanese and Freebase, and confirmed that the proposed method determines literal identity with F-measure of 76.1-85.0%.
Performance comparison of various navigation guidance methods in interception of a moving object by a serial manipulator considering its kinematic and dynamic limits

In this paper a comparative analysis is represented on various navigation guidance methods used for intercepting fast maneuvering moving objects. A glancing revision is introduced on relevant works within the introduction section. Four common methods for navigation guidance known as PNG, APNG, IPNG and AIPNG are under investigation. Results demonstrate their infirmity on smoothly intercepting a moving object. Hence, to improve the navigation guidance methods and to adapt them with robotic problems a modified version of AIPNG is proposed for 2D problems and is developed for 3D problems utilization.
Surface reconstruction from point cloud of human body by clustering

This paper proposes a method in which the body surface is reconstructed from a point cloud (set of points) on the human body acquired by a device such as a laser range finder. The method constructs the surface appropriately for the human body by clustering the point cloud at body sections such as the chest and the upper arm. The clustering is performed as follows. A simple human model composed of cylinders, ellipsoidal columns, and hemispheres is assumed. The posture is estimated by matching the human body model to the point cloud data. Based on the estimated posture, the point cloud is assigned to body sections. Since the posture is inferred from the point cloud, the method is effective not only for an upright standing posture, but for point cloud data obtained from an arbitrary posture. Experiments were performed to apply the method to simulation data and measured data, and it was shown that a realistic surface could be reconstructed. The surface can be reconstructed for postures other than the upright standing posture. The effectiveness of the proposed method is thus verified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(11): 44–56, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ scj.20230
Primary Cilia Negatively Regulate Melanogenesis in Melanocytes and Pigmentation in a Human Skin Model

The primary cilium is an organelle protruding from the cell body that senses external stimuli including chemical, mechanical, light, osmotic, fluid flow, and gravitational signals. Skin is always exposed to the external environment and responds to external stimuli. Therefore, it is possible that primary cilia have an important role in skin. Ciliogenesis was reported to be involved in developmental processes in skin, such as keratinocyte differentiation and hair formation. However, the relation between skin pigmentation and primary cilia is largely unknown. Here, we observed that increased melanogenesis in melanocytes treated with a melanogenic inducer was inhibited by a ciliogenesis inducer, cytochalasin D, and serum-free culture. However, these inhibitory effects disappeared in GLI2 knockdown cells. In addition, activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH)-smoothened (Smo) signaling pathway by a Smo agonist, SAG inhibited melanin synthesis in melanocytes and pigmentation in a human skin model. On the contrary, an inhibitor of primary cilium formation, ciliobrevin A1, activated melanogenesis in melanocytes. These results suggest that skin pigmentation may be regulated partly by the induction of ciliogenesis through Smo-GLI2 signaling.
How Costs Influence Decision Values for Mixed Outcomes

The things that we hold dearest often require a sacrifice, as epitomized in the maxim “no pain, no gain. ” But how is the subjective value of outcomes established when they consist of mixtures of costs and benefits? We describe theoretical models for the integration of costs and benefits into a single value, drawing on both the economic and the empirical literatures, with the goal of rendering them accessible to the neuroscience community. We propose two key assays that go beyond goodness of fit for deciding between the dominant additive model and four varieties of interactive models. First, how they model decisions between costs when reward is not on offer; and second, whether they predict changes in reward sensitivity when costs are added to outcomes, and in what direction. We provide a selective review of relevant neurobiological work from a computational perspective, focusing on those studies that illuminate the underlying valuation mechanisms. Cognitive neuroscience has great potential to decide which of the theoretical models is actually employed by our brains, but empirical work has yet to fully embrace this challenge. We hope that future research improves our understanding of how our brain decides whether mixed outcomes are worthwhile.
Secured Personalized Web Search usingOntology and Hashing Technique

Personalized Web Search is a best way to improve search quality by customizing search results for the users with individual information goals. This is achieved through implicitly collection of user profiles, browsing history, clicked through data, bookmarks, location of the user. However, users are not willing to expose their private preference information to search engines. Many research are undergoing in improving Personalized Web Search (PWS), this system added another dimension that is Privacy Protection in PWS. This system has a framework by name personalized privacy preserving search framework, which is very helpful framework where eavesdroppers are not able to get any details of the users since privacy measures are taking place at client side. To achieve privacy protection, this system provides metadata and user? s query encryption which is achieved using MD-5 hashing technique. In the beginning it will look like a keyword search but there is a behavioral observing system called the Spy-NB, which monitors the users? behavior and which will provide the results sets according to the users? interest in efficient way. To improve the personalized search, this system uses Taxonomy (ontology) concepts, RSMV, GreedyIL & GreedyDP algorithm. This system may be applied in real world applications like Google and Yahoo search engine, which allows users to describe their interests explicitly by selecting from pre-defined preference option, so that the results that match are re-rank according to the user? s interests and also gives users the option to save web sites they like and block those they dislike.
Hacker's toolbox: Detecting software-based 802.11 evil twin access points

The usage of public Wi-Fi hotspots has become a common routine in our everyday life. They are ubiquitous and offer fast and budget-friendly connectivity for various client devices. However, they are exposed to a severe security threat: since 802.11 identifiers (SSID, BSSID) can be easily faked, an attacker can setup an evil twin, i.e., an access point (AP) that users are unable to distinguish from a legitimate one. Once a user connects to the evil twin, he inadvertently creates a playground for various attacks such as collection of sensitive data (e.g., credit card information, passwords) or man-in-the-middle attacks even on encrypted traffic. It is particularly alarming that this security flaw has led to the development of several tools that are freely available, easy to use and allow mounting the attack from commodity client devices such as laptops, smartphones or tablets without attracting attention. In this paper we provide a detailed overview of tools that have been developed (or can be misused) to set up evil twin APs. We inspect them thoroughly in order to identify characteristics that allow them to be distinguished from legitimate hardware-based access points. Our analysis has discovered three methods for detecting software-based APs. These exploit accuracy flaws due to emulation of hardware behavior or peculiarities of the client Wi-Fi hardware they operate on. Our evaluation with 60 hardware APs and a variety of tools on different platforms reveals enormous potential for reliable detection. Furthermore, our methods can be performed on typical client hardware within a short period of time without even connecting to a potentially untrustworthy access point.
New no-reference blocking artifacts metric based on human visual system

Block-based discrete cosine transform (BDCT) is an important tool in the image and video compression. Blocking artifacts caused by BDCT may be noticeable in the decoded image under low bit-rate conditions. Measuring blocking artifacts is of great significance in the evaluation of image and video image. To ensure reliability of the model outputs, a new no-reference blocking artifacts metric is proposed in this paper, based on human vision sensitivity by the research on a model of luminance and texture masking. Furthermore, blocking artifacts are measured with different weighting coefficient in flat regions and edge regions, respectively. Compared with Wang's blind measurement of blocking artifacts, experimental results illustrate that the proposed metric has better consistency to the visual perception, and it can reflect the image quality more effectively.