Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental factors, mass media influences, and the onset of eating disorders in a prospective population-based cohort.

OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for eating disorders. METHODS A community cohort study was conducted in Navarra, Spain. A region-wide representative sample of 2862 girls who were 12 to 21 years of age completed the Eating Attitudes Test (40-item version) and other questionnaires in 1997. Girls who scored high in the Eating Attitudes Test-40 were interviewed by a psychiatrist who applied Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria to diagnose prevalent cases of eating disorders. Girls who were free of any eating disorder in 1997 were reassessed after 18 months of follow-up using the same methods. RESULTS Ninety new cases of eating disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria were identified during the follow-up. In the multivariate logistic analysis, a higher risk of incident eating disorder was found for several exposures assessed at the beginning of follow-up, such as younger age, usually eating alone (odds ratio [OR]: 2.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-4.6), and frequently reading girls' magazines or listening to radio programs (OR: 2.1; 1.2-3.8 for those most frequently using both media). No independent association was found for television viewing or socioeconomic status. A marital status of parents different from "being married" was associated with a significantly higher risk in the multivariate analysis (OR: 2.0; 1.1-3.5). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the role of mass media influences and parental marital status in the onset of eating disorders. The habit of eating alone should be considered as a warning sign of eating disorders.
Routing Metrics in Wireless Mesh Network

Routing metrics of multi-hop wireless networks differ from traditional routing metrics due to dynamic and unpredictable nature of wireless media. Many routing metrics were proposed for single-radio as well as multi-radio mesh networks. In this paper we study various routing metrics such as Expected Transmission Count (ETX) metric, Expected Transmission Time (ETT), Weighted cumulative ETT (WCETT) and also propose a metric called Weighted Cumulative Conflicting Expected Transmission Time (WCConfETT). Finally we have made an analysis and compared it with other routing metrics. The analytical results show that the proposed WCConfETT performs better than other matrices with respect to the selection of good quality and less interference effected path. KeywordsRouting Metric; Multi-Channel Routing; Wireless Mesh Network.
Ecophysiology of Zetaproteobacteria Associated with Shallow Hydrothermal Iron-Oxyhydroxide Deposits in Nagahama Bay of Satsuma Iwo-Jima, Japan

Previous studies of microbial communities in deep-sea hydrothermal ferric deposits have demonstrated that members of Zetaproteobacteria play significant ecological roles in biogeochemical iron-cycling. However, the ecophysiological characteristics and interaction between other microbial members in the habitat still remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated microbial communities in a core sample obtained from shallow hydrothermal iron-oxyhydroxide deposits at Nagahama Bay of Satsuma Iwo-Jima, Japan. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed numerous helical stalk structures, suggesting the occurrence of iron-oxidizing bacteria. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated the co-occurrence of iron-oxidizing Zetaproteobacteria and iron-reducing bacteria such as the genera Deferrisoma and Desulfobulbus with strong correlations on the sequence abundance. CARD-FISH indicated that the numbers of Zetaproteobacteria were not always consistent to the frequency of stalk structures. In the stalk-abundant layers with relatively small numbers of Zetaproteobacteria cells, accumulation of polyphosphate was observed inside Zetaproteobacteria cells, whereas no polyphosphate grains were observed in the topmost layers with fewer stalks and abundant Zetaproteobacteria cells. These results suggest that Zetaproteobacteria store intracellular polyphosphates during active iron oxidation that contributes to the mineralogical growth and biogeochemical iron cycling.
Early Environmental Origins of Neurodegenerative Disease in Later Life

Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD), the two most common neurodegenerative disorders in American adults, are of purely genetic origin in a minority of cases and appear in most instances to arise through interactions among genetic and environmental factors. In this article we hypothesize that environmental exposures in early life may be of particular etiologic importance and review evidence for the early environmental origins of neurodegeneration. For PD the first recognized environmental cause, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), was identified in epidemiologic studies of drug abusers. Chemicals experimentally linked to PD include the insecticide rotenone and the herbicides paraquat and maneb; interaction has been observed between paraquat and maneb. In epidemiologic studies, manganese has been linked to parkinsonism. In dementia, lead is associated with increased risk in chronically exposed workers. Exposures of children in early life to lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and methylmercury have been followed by persistent decrements in intelligence that may presage dementia. To discover new environmental causes of AD and PD, and to characterize relevant gene–environment interactions, we recommend that a large, prospective genetic and epidemiologic study be undertaken that will follow thousands of children from conception (or before) to old age. Additional approaches to etiologic discovery include establishing incidence registries for AD and PD, conducting targeted investigations in high-risk populations, and improving testing of the potential neurologic toxicity of chemicals.
Fisher Ideal Indexes in the National Income and Product Accounts

Students and researchers selecting tables on the Bureau of Economic Analysis' (BEA) Internet site may be surprised to discover an array of unfamiliar quantity and price indexes in the national income and product accounts. The new method represented in the tables by Fisher Ideal quantity and price indexes was introduced by the bureau during a period of time when users were becoming increasingly dependent on electronic media for data as well as explanatory information. Unfortunately the method changes in the national income and product accounts have received little or no attention from economists in academia. However, the new approach has important implications for the measurement of economic growth and the interpretation of real-dollar estimates of gross domestic product (GDP) and its components. The purpose of this article is to review several aspects of the bureau's 10th comprehensive revision as reported in various issues of the Survey of Current Business. I discuss the impact of substitution bias on the measurement of economic growth under the old method, then show that with the new method there is no longer a fixed base year because the Fisher Ideal indexes are chain-type annual-weighted quantity and price indexes that are in effect rebased each year. The new methodology has resulted in chained dollar estimates of GDP and its components that are not additive in real-dollar terms; I discuss the impact of this inconsistency on the analysis of contributions to growth.1
Stress on and off the job as related to sex and occupational status in white‐collar workers

Sixty healthy non-smoking white collar employees, aged 30–50, from a large corporation in Sweden participated in the study. There were four groups: 15 male and 15 female middle managers, 15 male and 15 female clerical workers. Each participant was examined individually with regard to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine functions and self-reports for 12 consecutive hours under each of two conditions: (1) a normal day at work (9 a.m.–5 p.m.) and after work (6–9 p.m.), and (2) for the same time period during work-free conditions at home. In addition, everyone was given a videotaped type A-interview and a general health check-up including blood-lipid determination. Attitudes towards work, total workload (including responsibilities outside the paid work) and sex role identity were examined by questionnaires. As expected, all groups showed a moderate increase in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity during the day at work. After work, however, interesting group differences emerged, suggesting slower unwinding in female managers. Differences related to occupational level and/ or sex were found for autonomy and social support at work, competitiveness, sex role and reported conflict between demands from paid work and other responsibilities. The stress profile of the female managers was considered in terms of possible long-term health risks.
Gene expression rule discovery with a multi-objective neural-genetic hybrid

Recent advances in microarray technology allow an unprecedented view of the biochemical mechanisms contained within a cell. Deriving useful information from the data is still proving to be a difficult task. In this paper a novel method based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm that discovers relevant sets of genes and uses a neural network to create rules using the evolved genes is described. This hybrid method is shown to work on four well-established gene expression datasets taken from the literature. The results indicate that the approach can return biologically intelligible as well as plausible results. The proposed method requires no pre-filtering or preselection of genes.
Comparison of HIV Prevalence Estimates for Zimbabwe from Antenatal Clinic Surveillance (2006) and the 2005–06 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey

Objective To assess whether HIV surveillance data from pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Zimbabwe represent infection levels in the general population. Methods HIV prevalence estimates from ANC surveillance sites in 2006 were compared with estimates from the corresponding Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2005–06 (ZDHS) clusters using geographic information systems. Results The ANC HIV prevalence estimate (17.9%, 95% CI 17.0%–18.8%) was similar to the ZDHS estimates for all men and women aged 15–49 years (18.1%, 16.9%–18.8%), for pregnant women (17.5%, 13.9%–21.9%), and for ANC attendees living within 30 km of ANC surveillance sites (19.9%, 17.1%–22.8%). However, the ANC surveillance estimate (17.9%) was lower than the ZDHS estimates for all women (21.1%, 19.7%–22.6%) and for women living within 30 km catchment areas of ANC surveillance sites (20.9%, 19.4%–22.3%). HIV prevalence in ANC sites classified as urban and rural was significantly lower than in sites classified as “other”. Conclusions Periodic population surveys can be used to validate ANC surveillance estimates. In Zimbabwe, ANC surveillance provides reliable estimates of HIV prevalence among men and women aged 15–49 years in the general population. Three classifications of ANC sites (rural/urban/other) should be used when generating national HIV estimates.
The Initial Validation of a Liking of Children Scale

This article describes the initial research involving the Barnett Liking of Children Scale (BLOCS), a 14-item measure that assesses the extent to which individuals have a favorable attitude toward children. The BLOCS was found to have acceptable internal and test-retest reliability, in addition, individual differences in the liking of children were associated with an individual's gender, sex-role orientation, and a variety of attitudes concerning childrearing and children's behavior. Future research involving the BLOCS is briefly discussed.
Active Connection Mechanism for Soft Modular Robots

To date, most modular robotic systems lack flexibility when increasing the number of modules due to their hard building blocks and rigid connection mechanisms. In order to improve adaptation to environmental changes, softness at the module level might be beneficial. However, coping with softness requires a fundamental rethinking of the way modules are built. A major challenge is to develop a connection mechanism that does not limit the softness of the modules, does not require precise alignment and allows for easy detachment. In this paper, we propose a soft active connection mechanism based on electroadhesion. The mechanism uses electrostatic forces to connect modules. The method is easy to implement and can be integrated in a wide range of soft module types. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that the mechanism is suitable as a connection principle for lightweight modules when efficiency over a wide range of softness, tolerance to alignment and easy detachment are desired. The main contributions of this paper are (i) the qualitative comparison of different connector principles for soft modular robots, (ii) the integration of electroadhesion, featuring a novel electrode pattern design, into soft modules and (iii) the demonstration and characterization of the performance of functional soft module mockups including the connection mechanism.
Increasing the Workload of the Overloaded Housewife

This article shows that although wives are usually bearing an inordinate share of a household's unpaid workload, a substantial minority of husbands request or demand wives perform additional tasks, or carry out those they are already performing more frequently or in a more thorough way. Quantitative and qualitative data for the study were collected from a quota sample of 114 female and 80 male Melbourne residents selected from125 households. The study found that most wives were distressed by their partner's attempts to increase their workload. Nevertheless, ultimately most of them complied. Power, time availability, and ideological theories are drawn upon in an attempt to explain why husbands pressed wives to do more work at home than they were already performing and why most wives deferred. It is argued that if we are going to increase our understanding of these complex social processes, it is necessary to conduct longitudinal studies that focus on negotiation processes and which take into account the judgements of actors about the fairness of their relationships, and the role that their feelings play in their relationships as well as the impact of wider and more immediate structural forces.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I and the liver

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) play an essential role in growth and development, as well as in the overall cellular regulation and metabolism in the human body. In chronic liver disease, IGF levels are decreased, and the circulating levels correlate to the extent of hepatocellular dysfunction. Patients with cirrhosis are characterised by a variety of metabolic disturbances, including nutritional and metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, malnutrition, osteopenia and hypogonadism, all related to IGF‐I deficiency. The complex process of hepatic fibrogenesis and the systemic consequences in cirrhosis are only partly understood. Disruption of the growth hormone (GH)–IGF‐I axis seems to be closely associated with the development of liver disease, and treatment with recombinant human IGF (rhIGF)‐I has been shown to halt, and even reverse, the fibrotic degeneration. IGF‐I in itself has a strong antifibrotic effect that acts directly through the GH/IGF system and indirectly by the regulation of hepatoprotective and profibrogenic factors. It is most likely that IGF‐I deficiency contributes to the diverse metabolic complications of cirrhosis. At present, liver transplantation remains the only efficient treatment of cirrhosis, and thus new methods of managing the disease are called for. RhIGF‐I supplementation and IGF‐I gene therapy may represent future perspectives of treatment.
Placing community through actor-network theory in Oklahoma's ‘No Man's Land’

Residents in sparsely populated Cimarron County, located at the end of Oklahoma's Panhandle in ‘No Man's Land,’ possess a strong sense of independence, yet also a strong sense of community. Building upon community research and applying an actor-network approach, we argue that the ‘materiality’ of meanings associated with and attachment to the cultural landscape play a significant role in how and why people construct community here. We assert that threats to a loss of a way of life and loss of life are corollaries to finite existence, which together impel residents to rely on community in order to cope with living in ‘No Man's Land’. Using oral histories, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, we show that community is embedded in the cultural landscape in specific ways and practiced, sometimes simultaneously, as both a unified collective body and a group of interconnected individuals.
Effects of hazelnuts consumption on fasting blood sugar and lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that nuts consumption have beneficial effects on serum lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic or normolipidemic subjects. However, similar studies in diabetes field are quite rare. So, we aimed to investigate the effects of hazelnut consumption on fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 Diabetes. Materials and Methods: An 8-week controlled randomized parallel study in patients with type 2 diabetes. Fifty eligible volunteers were assigned to either the control or intervention groups. 10% of total daily calorie intake was replaced with hazelnuts in intervention group. Blood samples were collected from fasting patients at the start and at the end of the study. Results: After 8 weeks, there were significant differences in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations between two groups, using analyses of covariance (P = 0.009), which was due to the larger HDL-C reduction in control group (P = 0.003). Although, Hazelnut group achieved greater reduction in triglyceride (TG) concentrations than control group, these changes were not statistically significant. Neither between-group changes nor within-group changes were significant for FBS, total cholesterol (TC), TG, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that incorporation of hazelnuts into diet can prevent reduction of HDL-C concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes, but had no effect on FBS or other lipid profile indices.
Customer Magazines: Effects of Commerciality on Readers' Reactions

Abstract This study is the first to focus on effects of commerciality of customer magazines on readers' reactions. The experiment (N=349 students) involves six versions of the same customer magazine that vary along two dimensions of commerciality: the amount of brand integration (0%, 50%, or 100%) and the source (neutral or commercial). The findings show that the more commercial the customer magazine, the more frequently it is perceived as having a persuasive intent and as being less credible. Furthermore, the magazine's commerciality negatively affects readers' attitudes toward the magazine, via perceptions of credibility and the magazine's persuasive intent. Source credibility and persuasion knowledge theory support these indirect effects.
The Role of Residential Segregation in Contemporary School Segregation

Inaction to address housing segregation in metropolitan areas has resulted in persistently high levels of residential segregation. As the Supreme Court has recently limited school districts’ voluntary integration efforts, this article considers the role of residential segregation in maintaining racially isolated schools, namely what is known about the reciprocal relationship between housing and schooling segregation patterns. In addition, it examines the residential and school segregation indices in the largest metropolitan areas since 2000, comparing relationships between the extent of school and residential patterns and changes in each over time. Finally, I consider the legal and policy options for how residential integration efforts might affect school segregation.
Fibrous dysplasia involving the skull base and temporal bone.

OBJECTIVE To gain a broader appreciation of the clinical presentation, operative treatment, and outcome of patients with fibrous dysplasia involving the skull base. DESIGN Retrospective review of a clinical case series. SETTING A single tertiary academic medical center. PATIENTS Twenty-one patients with histopathologically confirmed fibrous dysplasia involving the skull base cared for over a 15-year-period (1983-1998). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical and radiographic location of the fibrous dysplasia lesions within the skull base, clinical presentation, surgical intervention, and clinical outcome were tabulated for each patient. RESULTS The ethmoids were most commonly involved (71%), followed by the sphenoid (43%), frontal (33%), maxilla (29%), temporal (24%), parietal (14%), and occipital (5%) bones. The most common presenting features included atypical facial pain and headache, complaints referable to the sinuses, proptosis and diplopia, hearing loss, and facial numbness. Surgical treatment, guided by clinical presentation, ranged from simple biopsy with conservative follow-up to craniofacial resection. CONCLUSIONS Fibrous dysplasia can present in myriad ways within the skull base. Modern imaging modalities and histopathologic analysis have made diagnosis relatively straightforward. Surgery, particularly in such a challenging region as the skull base, should be reserved for patients with functional impairment or a cosmetic deformity. Because of the benign nature of the condition, the surgery itself should be relatively conservative, with the primary goal being preservation of existing function.
Patients and families experiences with video telehealth in rural/remote communities in Northern Canada.

AIM To explore patients' and families' experiences with video telehealth consultations as a method of health care delivery in rural/ remote communities in Northern Canada. BACKGROUND Accessing health services in isolated populations where human resources and infrastructure are constrained by vast geographical landmasses poses challenges and opportunities for nurses, health care providers, patients and families. DESIGN A qualitative approach was adopted with a purposeful sample of 10 patients and four family members representative of nine communities. METHOD Selection criteria included patients receiving telehealth visits for a minimum of a year and willing to share their experiences. Data were collected during the winter of 2006 using semi-structured video taped interviews and analysed using a qualitative thematic content analysis. RESULTS Patients and families experiences of their telehealth visits centered on three key themes: lessening the burden (costs of travel, accommodations, lost wages, lost time and physical limitations), maximising supports (access to family, friends, familiar home environment, nurses and other care providers), tailoring specific e-health systems to enhance patient and family needs. CONCLUSION The benefits of telehealth extend not only to patients and families but are linked to benefits for providers as well as the health care system. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study indicates that video telehealth is an effective mechanism for delivering nursing and other health services to rural/remote communities and can impact positively on the quality of health care. The integration of telehealth practice can enhance the coordination, organisation and implementation of health care services.