Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the design complexity of the issue logic of superscalar machines

Investigates the complexity of superscalar decode/issue logic-assuming primitive gates. We show, assuming that the issuing is performed on the basis of opcodes, that the complexity of checking data dependencies is O(k/sup 3/) gates and O(log k) gate delay, k being the issue width, when assuming infinite resources and in-order issuing. In assuming out-of-order issuing, the complexities are O(2/sup k/) gates and O(log k) gate delay, and, for out-of-order issuing with renaming, O(2/sup k/) gates and O(k) gate delay. When the resources are restricted, we show that the complexity is O(n/sup k/) gates and O(k/sup 2/ log n) delay, n being the cardinality of the instruction set. Finally, by assuming that the issuing is performed using grouping of instructions rather than an opcode-specific description, the complexity is O(m/sup k/) gates and O(k/sup 2/ log m) delay, where m is the number of instruction groups.
A Multiple Drug Interaction Study of Stavudine with Agents for Opportunistic Infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients

ABSTRACT The effects of multiple opportunistic infection medications on stavudine pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Ten patients with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 received stavudine (40 mg twice daily) in combination with one to three other drugs used to treat opportunistic infections. Serial blood samples for stavudine concentrations were collected after 1 week of therapy on each regimen and assayed for stavudine by using a validated high-pressure liquid chromatography method. Although the maximum concentration of drug in serum was significantly decreased when the drug was given in combination with three opportunistic infection medications, the area under the concentration-time curve did not significantly differ across various treatment regimens. Stavudine exposure was not significantly altered by multiple concomitant medications. Side effects were minor throughout the 3-month study period. The tolerability of stavudine, combined with its lack of drug interactions, makes it an attractive agent for use as part of a combination regimen.
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: An Update on Its Biology, Epidemiology, and Natural History

SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS HAS been achieved in basic research during the past decade on the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), a multifactorial disease in which complex genetic and environmental factors interact. A review of the literature was conducted to update recent findings on the biology, epidemiology, natural history, and related diseases of OPLL. Gene analysis studies found specific polymorphisms that may be associated with OPLL in several collagen genes, which encode for extracellular matrix proteins. Polymorphisms in the nucleotide pyrophosphate gene, which is involved in regulation of calcification in chondrocytes, may also be associated with OPLL. However, the results of the gene analysis studies have not always been consistent. Involvement of many growth factors and cytokines, including bone morphogenic proteins and transforming growth factor-β, has been demonstrated in various histochemical and cytochemical analyses. Several transcription factors involved in cellular differentiation may also have a role. Recent epidemiological studies reaffirmed an earlier finding that diabetes mellitus is a distinct risk factor for OPLL. The long-term follow-up studies of OPLL patients are disclosing the natural history, as well as the frequency and rate of progression, of OPLL after surgical intervention. Further knowledge on the factors responsible for progression of OPLL may predict its behavior in each patient, and treatment may be tailored accordingly. The coexistence of OPLL with other diseases of ectopic ossification of the spine, such as ossification of the ligamentum flavum and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, is not uncommon. Scientific breakthrough in those diseases may, in turn, give insights into the pathogenesis of OPLL.
Development prospect of Smart Grid in India

Growth of global electricity industry is facing with many challenges, both common and specific problems. Power enterprises of developed and developing countries including India are also faced with massive challenges such as with increasing grid scale, grade and more complex structure, the risk of safe and reliable operation of power system getting more serious. In this case, Smart Grid (SG) is the only solution. SG provides an open platform for electricity market and power transactions, offer high quality service and optimizes resource allocation, to promote harmonious development between power industry and social, economic and environment. India has vision to implement SG making frame work of Smart Grid, taking help from standards related organizations. India has financial, political, geographical constraints to execute SG, but India has already taken initiatives and taken step-wise strategy to implement.
The extent of management contribution in economic growth

The disharmony between rapid development of science and technology and lower lag of management has been highlighted. The Chinese Government has officially announced that management should be considered as an important factor into distribution system. This paper concentrates on that the extent of management contributes in economic growth through the quantitative measuring method. Management has been regarded as organizational behavior which could increase economic benefits. This paper represents what the concept of equal efficiency curved surface production function is; and to establish an equation for speed of growth. Based on the above and according to the dynamic changes of efficiency, the quantitative measuring method in management that affecting economic growth is presented and empirical tests are carried out. The quantitative measuring of extent of management element contributes in economic growth has provided theoretical basis for participation of management factor in distribution system.
Growth of Prochlorococcus, a Photosynthetic Prokaryote, in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean

The cell cycle of Prochlorococcus, a prokaryote that accounts for a sizable fraction of the photosynthetic biomass in the eastern equatorial Pacific, progressed in phase with the daily light cycle. DNA replication occurred in the afternoon and cell division occurred at night. Growth rates were maximal (about one doubling per day) at 30 meters and decreased toward the surface and the bottom of the ocean. Estimated Prochlorococcus production varied between 174 and 498 milligrams of carbon per square meter per day and accounted for 5 to 19 percent of total gross primary production at the equator. Because Prochlorococcus multiplies close to its maximum possible rate, it is probably not severely nutrient-limited in this region of the oceans.
World culture in the world polity : A century of international non-governmental organization

The authors analyze the growth of international non-governmental organizations between 1875 and 1973 using a data set on almost 6,000 organizations. Although these organizations are highly interconnected with the expanding state system and world economy, as reflections of and contributors to world culture they have helped construct a world polity that cannot be reduced to networks of economic and political interaction. Their analysis of the structure and aims of these organizations identifies the principles of universalism, individualism, voluntaristic authority, rational progress, and world citizenship as central elements of world culture. They also describe the structure of world culture by studying the distribution of these organizations across major social sectors, highlighting the centrality of rationalizing scientific, technical, economic, and infrastructural organizations that go largely unnoticed. Finally, they review sectoral historical studies showing how these organizations shape world culture and influence states and intergovernmental organizations
Prevalence of HIV and Disease Outcomes on the Medical and Surgical Wards at Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) in a range of clinical settings. We describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with HIV on the medical and surgical wards at a tertiary care hospital in Malawi. Methods: Under the universal opt-out HCT protocol we characterized the number of new HIV/AIDS infections and associated clinical features among hospitalized surgical and medical patients diagnosed during the course of admission. Results: All 2985 and 3959 medical and surgical patients, respectively, admitted between April 2012 and January 2013 were screened for HCT. 62% and 89% of medical and surgical patients, respectively, had an unknown status on admission and qualified for testing. Of the patients with an unknown status, a new HIV diagnosis was made in 20% and 7% of medical and surgical patients, respectively. Of the newly diagnosed patients with a CD4 count recorded, 91% and 67% of medical and surgical patients, respectively, had a count less than 350, qualifying for ART by Malawi ART guidelines. Newly HIV-diagnosed medical and surgical patients had an inpatient mortality of 20% and 2%, respectively. Discussion: While newly diagnosed HIV-positive medical patients had high inpatient mortality and higher rates of WHO stage 3 or 4 conditions, surgical patients presented with less advanced HIV, though still meeting ART initiation guidelines. The medical inpatient wards are an obvious choice for implementing voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), but surgical patients present with less advanced disease and starting treatment in this group could result in more years of life gained.
MamaBakers as Everyday Makers: the political is personal

ABSTRACT Henrik Bang's concept of the Everyday Maker as a new type of political identity has been increasingly utilised in empirical research across a wide range of settings. In an age with numerous accounts of the changing nature of political participation, Bang's framework enables a critical investigation of contemporary participation. Although one of the key defining characteristics of the Everyday Maker is that their activity often occurs outside the formal political sphere, there is no empirical work to date which uses Bang's frame to examine gendered activities which appear private and social, with no obvious connections to the ‘political’. To address this omission, this article explores women's participation in an Australian community group, MamaBake using the Everyday Maker framework to provide an alternative reading of what might be termed personalised politics. The article argues that the new type of political identity, is also prevalent in the social context, and demonstrates why this is relevant to the study of political participation. It also challenges the idea that the new forms are increasingly characterised by ‘engagement norms’. The data for the case study research is drawn from a survey of the MamaBake members, and interviews with the real life participants.
Trust-based decentralized service discovery in structured Peer-to-Peer networks

In a Peer-to-Peer(P2P) network, efficient cooperation among peers (nodes) is an important issue since a peer may not believe another peer for various service discovery applications. Chord protocol faces stale routing entries (finger table entries) due to the presence of malicious peers in the network. We propose a trust-based routing algorithm for efficient service discovery for Chord network. The proposed algorithm improves the data accessibility in the presence of malicious peers by computing a trust value for each peer. The trust value is calculated using a Bayesian network based trust model. In this algorithm, the finger table entries including the trust attribute are retrieved using an improved querying algorithm while identifying a trusted peer. The trust is computed based on entities such as age, number of uploads and downloads of a peer. The proposed approach is flexible(one or many entities can be chosen to compute trust) and can be customized based on application requirements. Performance evaluation has been performed by considering performance metrics, such as, responses of queries, number of uploads and downloads and trust value of a peer in the P2P network.
An Improved Greedy Search Algorithm of Bayesian Network Structures for Facial Action Units Recognition

Bayesian Networks (BN) are an effective method to recognize facial action units (AUs) combinations, which is a key issue of AUs recognition. Learning BN structures from data is NP-hard. Greedy search algorithm is a practical approach to learn BN from data, but it is liable to get stuck at a local maximum. In this paper, an improved greedy search algorithm is proposed in order to deal with the above-mentioned problem. The proposed algorithm starts from a prior structure, which is constructed by prior knowledge and simply statistics of AUs database, then updates the prior BN structure not only with the BN structure that has maximum score among all of the nearest neighbors of the prior BN structure, but also updates it with some BN structures that have higher score. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm is computationally simple, easy to implement, and may effectively avoid getting stuck at a local maximum.
Prevalence and prediction of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance following acute stroke.

BACKGROUND diabetes mellitus not only increases the risk of ischaemic stroke two- to four-fold but also adversely inXuences prognosis. The prevalence of recognised diabetes mellitus in acute stroke patients is between 8 and 20%, but between 6 and 42% of patients may have undiagnosed diabetes mellitus before presentation. Post-stroke hyperglycaemia is frequent and of limited diagnostic value and the oral glucose tolerance test assumes that the patient is clinically stable and eating normally. There is a need for a simple and reliable method to predict new diabetes mellitus in acute stroke patients. OBJECTIVES to determine the prevalence of unrecognised diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance on hospital admission and 12 weeks later in acute stroke patients with post-stroke hyperglycaemia > or = 6.1 mmol/l. To measure the accuracy of hyperglycaemia and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin concentration in predicting the presence of unrecognised diabetes mellitus at 12 weeks. DESIGN acute (<24 hours) stroke patients (cerebral infarction and primary intracerebral haemorrhage) with admission hyperglycaemia between 6.0 and 17 mmol/l and without a previous history of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus who were randomised into the Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial between October 1997 and May 1999 were studied. The Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial is a randomised controlled trial investigating the benefits of maintaining euglycaemia in acute stroke patients with mild to moderate hyperglycaemia. At 12 weeks, survivors underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of admission plasma glucose > or = 6.1 mmol/l and elevated glycosylated haemoglobin concentration in predicting the presence of diabetes mellitus were used to estimate the prevalence of unrecognised diabetes mellitus in a consecutive series of 582 acute stroke admissions. RESULTS 582 consecutive acute stroke patients were assessed for eligibility for the Glucose Insulin Stroke Trial, of whom 83 (14%) had recognised diabetes mellitus. One hundred and forty-two patients were randomised and 62 underwent a 3-month oral glucose tolerance test, of whom 26 (42%) had normal glucose tolerance, 23 (37%) had impaired glucose tolerance and 13 (21%) had diabetes mellitus. Admission plasma glucose > or = 6.1 mmol/l and glycosylated haemoglobin > or = 6.2% predicted the presence of previously unrecognised diabetes mellitus at 12 weeks with a positive predictive value of 80% and negative predictive value of 96%. The estimated prevalence of unrecognised diabetes mellitus in the total series of acute stroke admissions was 16-24%. CONCLUSIONS one-third of all acute stroke patients may have diabetes mellitus. For patients presenting with post-stroke hyperglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus is present in two-thirds of survivors at 12 weeks. Admission plasma glucose > or = 6.1 mmol/l combined with glycosylated haemoglobin > or = 6.2% are good predictors of the presence of diabetes mellitus following stroke.
Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Circadian Rhythm in Adults

Background and Objectives: Internet addiction is an increasing problem in Korea. The previous studies in this area have targeted adolescents and young adults. This study was conducted to examine the risk of internet addiction in Korean adults and the effect of internet addiction on circadian rhythm. Materials and Methods: For this study, 508 subjects were chosen through population proportional sampling to represent the adult population in Korea, 325 of whom were included based on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Korea (Audit-K), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), drug use in the past year, and suicide attempts. In these subjects, sociodemographic factors including age, gender, and residential area were analyzed, and Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and an online survey examining sleep onset time on weekdays and weekends, wake-up time, and caffeinated drink intake were executed. Results: Of the 325 subjects, 136 (41.8%) belonged to a high-risk internet addiction group (), and 189 (58.2%) belonged to a normal group (IAS ) in the high-risk group (p = 0.024), who also showed a high proportion of caffeinated drink intake (p
“What’ve I done to deserve this?” The role of deservingness in reactions to being an upward comparison target

Outperforming others may be an ambivalent experience, simultaneously evoking pride and discomfort. Two experiments examined the role of deservingness in reactions to being an upward comparison target. Study 1 took place online and experimentally manipulated deservingness by modifying a self-report measure of Sensitivity about Being the Target of a Threatening Upward Comparison (STTUC). Participants predicted more distress and less positive affect under conditions of undeserved (vs. deserved) success; several individual difference variables moderated these effects. Study 2 systematically varied a confederate’s effort to manipulate the perceived deservingness of an outperformed person. Participants were especially likely to downplay their score in the presence of a confederate who appeared to work hard on a task but nevertheless performed poorly. Collectively, findings suggest that people respond most strongly to STTUC when a mismatch exists between deservingness and outcomes.
Kinship Care: Supporting Children in Placements with Extended Family and Friends

There is little written about children living in kinship care placements, either generally about the role and work of social services in supporting such placements or specifically about kinship care from carers' and users' perspectives. For a child in need who can no longer live with their birth parents(s), being supported by social services to live with a member of her or his extended family can be another appropriate placement option. Given that a good-sized proportion of looked after children, at least equivalent to those in residential care, are placed with a relative or friend, it is argued here that kinship care merits much more discussion, research and development than has hitherto been the case. Based on an ongoing research project, Bob Broad seeks to begin to redress this balance. After reviewing the kinship care literature, as well as the legislative and policy context, research findings from an ongoing research project are presented. The views of kinship carers are given, which suggest they value the support of social workers and require further support, financial payments, information and recognition from social services. Questions are also raised about the over-representation of black children in such placements.
Rutgers at the TREC 2012 Session Track

Abstract : At Rutgers, we approached the Session Track task as an issue of personalization, based on both the behaviors exhibited by the searcher during the course of an information seeking episode, and a classification of the task that led the person to engage in information-seeking behavior. Our general approach is described in detail at the Web site of our project (http://comminfo.rutgers.edu/imls/poodle) and in the papers available there. In the TREC 2011 Session Track, we tested preliminary results of predictive models of document usefulness using recursive partitioning models learned from user studies of task session information behaviors. In this year s TREC Session Track, we tested predictive models of document usefulness based on user behaviors by using logistic regression. This was combined with predictive models of task type derived from a multinomial logistic regression model learned from the 2012 Session Track data.
Similar User Clustering based on MovieLens Data Set

General recommender algorithms compose persomalized recommendrations based on similar users. In this paper, we present new social clustering method. Based on this method we cluster similar users belonging to the social recommender network. The social recommender network is generated from the data set of MovieLens. Through the presented similar user clustering method, we effectively compose similar user clusters. Consequentially, the proposed method help recommender systems efficiently compose personalized recommendations.
Insurance Continuity and Receipt of Diabetes Preventive Care in a Network of Federally Qualified Health Centers

Background and Objectives:Having health insurance is usually associated with better access to care and better health outcomes. For patients receiving care at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), where care is provided regardless of insurance status, the role health insurance status plays in affecting receipt of services is less well understood. Research Design:We used practice management data from a coalition of FQHCs in Oregon, and linked to Oregon’s electronic insurance data, to examine whether receipt of diabetes preventive care services was associated with continuity of insurance coverage among adult FQHC patients receiving diabetes care in 2005. Results:About one-third (32%) of patients with diabetes received a flu vaccination in 2005, 36% an LDL screening, 54% at least 1 HbA1c screening, and 21% a nephropathy screening. Compared with the continuously insured, the continuously uninsured were less likely to receive an LDL screening, a flu vaccination, and/or a nephropathy screening; those with partial coverage were less likely than the continuously insured to receive a flu shot, at least 1 HbA1c screening, or an LDL screening. Conclusions:Our results suggest that FQHCs do an excellent job in delivering most services to their uninsured and partially insured patients, but also underscore that for diabetic patients from underserved communities, having both an FQHC medical home and continuous health insurance plays a critical role in receiving optimal chronic disease management. Our study is one of the first to demonstrate how electronic administrative data from a network of FQHCs can be successfully used to gauge the state of healthcare delivery.