Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation of Elastic Stiffness of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Stretchable Substrates for Wearable Packaging Applications

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea(2014년 12월 19일 접수: 2014년 12월 26일 수정: 2014년 12월 29일 게재확정 )초록: 웨어러블 패키징용 신축성 기판을 개발하기 위해 투명한 PDMS인 Sylgard 184와 검정색 PDMS인 Sylgard170에 대해 base/curing agent 혼합비에 따른 탄성계수의 변화거동을 분석하였다. Sylgard 184와 Sylgard 170의 공칭응력-공칭변형률 곡선에서 구한 공칭탄성계수에 비해 진응력-진변형률 관계로부터 구한 진탄성계수가 2배 이상 높았으며, 진탄성계수와 공칭탄성계수의 차이는 PDMS의 강성도가 높아질수록 증가하였다. Sylgard 184에서는 base/curing agent의혼합비가 10일 때 탄성계수의 최대값을 얻을 수 있었으며, 이때 공칭탄성계수는 1.74 MPa, 진탄성계수는 3.57 MPa이었다. Sylgard 170에서는 base/curing agent 혼합비가 2일 때 탄성계수가 최대가 되었으며, 이때 공칭탄성계수와 진탄성계수는 각기 1.51 MPa와 3.64 MPa이었다. Abstract: In order to develop stretchable substrates for wearable packaging applications, the variation behavior of elasticmodulus was evaluated for transparent PDMS Sylgard 184 and black PDMS Sylgard 170 as a function of the base/curingagent mixing ratio. Both for Sylgard 184 and Sylgard 170, the true elastic modulus evaluated on a true stress-true straincurve was higher more than two times compared to the engineering elastic modulus obtained from an engineering stress-engineering strain curve, and their difference became larger with increasing the stiffness of the PDMS. Sylgard 184exhibited a maximum engineering elastic modulus of 1.74 MPa and a maximum true elastic modulus of 3.57 MPa at thebase/curing agent mixing ratio of 10. A maximum engineering elastic modulus of 1.51 MPa and a maximum true elasticmodulus of 3.64 MPa were obtained for Sylgard 170 at the base/curing agent mixing ratio of 2. Keywords: Wearable devices, Wearable packaging, Stretchable substrate, PDMS, Stiffness, Elastic modulus
Host-Specific Phenotypic Plasticity of the Turtle Barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria: A Widespread Generalist Rather than a Specialist

Turtle barnacles are common epibionts on marine organisms. Chelonibia testudinaria is specific on marine turtles whereas C. patula is a host generalist, but rarely found on turtles. It has been questioned why C. patula, being abundant on a variety of live substrata, is almost absent from turtles. We evaluated the genetic (mitochondrial COI, 16S and 12S rRNA, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)) and morphological differentiation of C. testudinaia and C. patula from different hosts, to determine the mode of adaptation exhibited by Chelonibia species on different hosts. The two taxa demonstrate clear differences in shell morphology and length of 4–6th cirri, but very similar in arthropodal characters. Moreover, we detected no genetic differentiation in mitochondrial DNA and AFLP analyses. Outlier detection infers insignificant selection across loci investigated. Based on combined morphological and molecular evidence, we proposed that C. testudinaria and C. patula are conspecific, and the two morphs with contrasting shell morphologies and cirral length found on different host are predominantly shaped by developmental plasticity in response to environmental setting on different hosts. Chelonibia testudinaria is, thus, a successful general epibiotic fouler and the phenotypic responses postulated can increase the fitness of the animals when they attach on hosts with contrasting life-styles.
Cotton Defense Induction Patterns Under Spatially, Temporally and Quantitatively Varying Herbivory Levels

In its defense against herbivores, cotton (Gossypium sp.) relies in part on the production of a set of inducible, non-volatile terpenoids. Under uniform damage levels, in planta allocation of induced cotton terpenoids has been found to be highest in youngest leaves, supporting assumptions of the optimal defense theory (ODT) which predicts that plants allocate defense compounds to tissues depending on their value and the likelihood of herbivore attack. However, our knowledge is limited on how varying, and thus more realistic, damage levels might affect cotton defense organization. We hypothesized that the allocation of terpenoids and densities of terpenoid-storing glands in leaves aligns with assumptions of the ODT, even when plants are subjected to temporally, spatially and quantitatively varying caterpillar (Heliothis virescens) damage. As expected, cotton plants allocated most of their defenses to their youngest leaves regardless of damage location. However, defense induction in older leaves varied with damage location. For at least 14 days after damage treatments ended, plants reallocated defense resources from previously young leaves to newly developed leaves. Furthermore, we observed a positive hyperbolic relationship between leaf damage area and both terpenoid concentrations and gland densities, indicating that cotton plants can fine-tune defense allocation. Although it appears that factors like vascular constraints and chemical properties of individual defense compounds can affect defense levels, our results overall demonstrate that induced defense organization of cotton subjected to varying damage treatments is in alignment with key assumptions of the ODT.
The effect of chitosan addition on lactose crystallinity during spray drying

The crystallization behavior of lactose during spray drying, as affected by the addition of chitosan, has been studied to assess to what extent the hygroscopic nature of chitosan may alter the crystallization of lactose by retaining moisture during the spray drying of lactose-chitosan solutions. Lactose-chitosan solutions, in different ratios, have been spray dried at an inlet gas temperature of 160 degreesC using a laboratory-scale spray dryer (Buchi B290). The crystallinity of the spray-dried powders was studied using waterinduced crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed a significant change in water sorption behavior of lactose during water-induced crystallization, as influenced by the added chitosan. The moisture sorption peak height for lactose/chitosan (8:2 w/w solid concentrations) mixture was found to be 14%, as compared with a 10% peak height for pure lactose. X-ray diffraction analysis also showed similar trends in results. The process yield was also found to be affected by the added chitosan, where the yield increased from 28% for pure lactose to 48% for lactose/chitosan (8:2 % w/w solid concentrations). Morphology of the powders also showed different characteristics, as studied using scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that the addition of chitosan will influence the polymorphic behavior of the powders produced by the spraydrying process.
[Minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer in advanced age patients].

AIM To evaluate the role of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in advanced age patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS 290 patients with colorectal cancer were enrolled including 121 patients with rectal cancer and 169 patients with colon cancer. Main group consisted of 171 patients over 60 years old, control group - 119 patients younger 60 years old. RESULTS Radical advanced procedures on different parts of colon including laparoscopic approach were performed in the majority of advanced age patients. Outcomes were considered as good, we did not notice serious complications (5.4% after rectal surgery, 3.9% after colon surgery). Differences were not significant compared with younger patients including laparoscopic interventions for emergency indications. Nevertheless, surgical treatment of advanced age patients with colorectal cancer makes special demands for equipping of the clinic and physicians' qualification. CONCLUSION Advanced age is not a serious limitation in choice of laparoscopic access in both elective and emergency surgery in patients with colorectal cancer.
Symbolic Logic

MANY who are interested in the progress of logical science have looked forward to the appearance of this long-expected work as one likely to give them a logical treat. They will not be disappointed. It may be impossible to accept Mr. Venn's opinions as decisive of some points which he discusses, and it would not be difficult to indicate deficiencies; but we have no book which approaches the one before us in the thoroughness with which it opens up the logical questions of the day. With equal industry and ability Mr. Venn has gone over almost the whole literature of logic so far as it contains any germs of the scientific system associated with the name of Boole. Mr. Venn writes professedly as an admirer of Boole, and his work consists to a great extent of the matter of lectures upon Boole's logic, delivered under the inter-collegiate scheme of lecturing, which has now been in operation for about twelve years at Cambridge. Thus the book is substantially an exposition of Boole's Logic, and practically the only one which we have. Boole's own great work, “The Laws of Thought,” appeared more than a quarter of a century ago (1854), and has never reached a second edition. It has been much more talked about than read.Symbolic Logic.By John Venn, Fellow and Lecturer in the Moral Sciences, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Pp. xxxix. 446. (London: Macmillan, 1881.)
Modeling laser treatment of port wine stains with a computer‐reconstructed biopsy

The efficacy of laser treatment of port wine stains (PWS) has been shown to be highly dependent on patient‐specific vasculature. The effect of tissue structure on optical and thermal mechanisms was investigated for different pulse durations by using a novel theoretical model that incorporates tissue morphology reconstructed tomographically from a PWS biopsy.
A Local-Optimisation Based Strategy for Cost-Effective Datasets Storage of Scientific Applications in the Cloud

Massive computation power and storage capacity of cloud computing systems allow scientists to deploy computation and data intensive applications without infrastructure investment, where large application datasets can be stored in the cloud. However, due to the pay-as-you-go model, the datasets should be strategically stored in order to reduce the overall application cost. In this paper, by utilising Data Dependency Graph (DDG) from data provenances in scientific applications, deleted datasets can be regenerated, and as such we develop a novel cost-effective datasets storage strategy that can automatically store appropriate datasets in the cloud. This strategy achieves a localised optimal trade-off between computation and storage, meanwhile also taking users' tolerance of data accessing delay into consideration. Simulations conducted on general (random) datasets and a specific astrophysics pulsar searching application with Amazon's cost model show that our strategy can reduce the application cost significantly.
Intake of 3 Eggs per Day When Compared to a Choline Bitartrate Supplement, Downregulates Cholesterol Synthesis without Changing the LDL/HDL Ratio

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is associated with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The impact of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipid concentrations still remains a concern. The effects of egg intake in comparison to choline bitartrate supplement was studied in a young, healthy population. Thirty participants were enrolled for a 13-week intervention. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomized to consume either 3 eggs/day or a choline bitartrate supplement (~400 mg choline for both treatments) for 4-weeks each. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo) concentrations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of regulatory genes for cholesterol homeostasis were assessed at the end of each intervention. Dietary intakes of saturated and monounsaturated fat were higher with the consumption of eggs compared to the choline period. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (7.5%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (5%) and LDL-C (8.1%) were observed with egg consumption (p < 0.01), while no change was seen in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, a key marker of heart disease risk. Compared to choline supplementation, intake of eggs resulted in higher concentrations of plasma apoA-I (8%) and apoE (17%) with no changes in apoB. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression were lower with egg consumption by 18% and 31%, respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting a compensation to the increased dietary cholesterol load. Therefore, dietary cholesterol from eggs appears to regulate endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in such a way that the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is maintained.
Categorisation of goals set using Goal Attainment Scaling for treatment of leg spasticity: a multicentre analysis

Abstract Background: Goal-classification of person-centred goals, using Goal Attainment Scaling for leg spasticity treatment. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: phase I, a retrospective review to evaluate categories of goal set in routine clinical practice. Findings were used to design a goal classification system. Phase II, a multi-centre study to confirm the goal categories. Goals set (n = 270) were analysed from data collected at three centres in the UK (one centre for phase I). Goal categories were mapped onto the domains of the World Health Organisation, International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health. Results: One hundred and twenty seven participants were recruited in two cohorts: phase I: 63; phase II: 64. Goal categories using both cohorts were assigned to two domains, each subdivided into three key goal categories: Domain 1: body structure impairment 121 (44%): (a) pain/discomfort 34 (12%), (b) involuntary movements 20 (7%), and (c) range of movement/contracture prevention 67 (25%). Domain 2: activity function 149 (56%): (a) passive function (ease of caring for the affected limb) n = 89 (33%), (b) active function (transfers) 26 (10%), and (c) active function (mobility) 27 (10%), other n = 7 (3%). Conclusions: Patients individual leg spasticity goals can be grouped into six categories and two domains, which will assist clinicians, patients and cares in setting and evaluating goals in practice. Implications for Rehabilitation Six goal areas used in clinical goal setting for leg spasticity management were identified, under the two domains: (1) body structure impairment: pain, involuntary movements, and range of movement and (2) activities/function: passive function (ease of caring), active function – transfers or standing and active function – mobility. Categorisation of goals is consistent on repeated evaluation and across different clinical services. Using clinical goals for leg spasticity treatment is an effective method to identify treatment priorities.
Adaptive scales of integration and response latencies in a critically-balanced model of the primary visual cortex

The primary visual cortex (V1) integrates information over scales in visual space, which have been shown to vary, in an input-dependent manner, as a function of contrast and other visual parameters. Which algorithms the brain uses to achieve this feat are largely unknown and an open problem in visual neuroscience. We demonstrate that a simple dynamical mechanism can account for this contrast-dependent scale of integration in visuotopic space as well as connect this property to two other stimulus-dependent features of V1: extents of lateral integration on the cortical surface and response latencies.
Kinetic resolution of bimolecular hybridization versus intramolecular folding in nucleic acids by surface plasmon resonance: application to G-quadruplex/duplex competition in human c-myc promoter

The human oncogene c-myc is regulated by G-quadruplex formation within the nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE IIII) in the c-myc promoter, making the quadruplex a strong anti-cancer target. With respect to this, the competing equilibrium between intramolecular quadruplex folding and bimolecular duplex formation is poorly understood and very few techniques have addressed this problem. We present a method for simultaneously determining the kinetic constants for G-quadruplex folding/unfolding and hybridization in the presence of the complementary strand from a single reaction using an optical biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Using this technique, we demonstrate for the first time that quadruplex formation in the c-myc promoter is favored at low strand concentrations. Our results indicate favorable quadruplex folding (equilibrium folding constant KF of 2.09 calculated from the kinetic parameters: folding rate constant, kf = 1.65 × 10−2 s−1 and unfolding rate constant, ku = 7.90 × 10−3 s−1) in 150 mM K+. The hybridization rate constants detected concurrently gave a bimolecular association constant, ka = 1.37 × 105 M−1 s−1 and dissociation constant, kd = 4.94 × 10−5 s−1. Interestingly, in the presence of Na+ we observed that G-quadruplex folding was unfavorable (KF = 0.54). Implication of our results on the c-myc transcription activation model is discussed in light of aberrant c-myc expression observed on destabilization of the G-quadruplex.
Complete Genome Sequences of 13 Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A Strains of Genotypes NA1 and ON1 Isolated in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Complete genome sequences of 13 human respiratory syncytial virus strains were determined from samples obtained from children hospitalized in the Philippines between 2012 and 2013 because of acute respiratory infection. We identified amino acid polymorphisms between the NA1 and ON1 genotypes in the P, G, F, and L proteins.
prototype illustrating the ambient user experience of an intelligent future

This article introduces user experience research that has been carried out by evaluating a video-illustrated science fiction prototype with process control workers. Essentially, the prototype ‘A remote operator’s day in a future control center in 2025’ was aimed at discovering opportunities for new interaction methods and ambient intelligence for the factories of the future. The theoretical objective was to carry out experience design research, which was based on explicit ambient user experience goals in the nominated industrial work context. This article describes the complete creative prototyping process, starting from the initial user research that included evaluations of current work practices, technological trend studies and co-design workshops, and concluding with user research that assessed the final design outcome, the science fiction prototype. The main contribution of the article is on the ambient user experience goals, the creation process of the video-illustrated science fiction prototype, and on the reflection of how the experience-driven prototype was evaluated in two research setups: as video sequences embedded in a Web survey, and as interviews carried out with expert process control workers. For the science fiction prototyping process, the contribution demonstrates how the method may employ video-illustration as a means for future-oriented user experience research, and how complementary user-centered methods may be used to validate the results.
Building a requirements process improvement model

This technical report gives a step-by-step guide to developing a requirements process improvement model. The model is goal driven, and practitioners are directed towards key processes that define and prioritise requirements activities. The requirements model is a specialisation of the established Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI) Capability Maturity Model (SW CMM). Best practices from the requirements literature as well as the SW CMM are used to inform the requirements process improvement model. All processes listed address requirements problems raised by practitioners in our empirical study (Hall et al., 2002b; Beecham et al., 2003b).
Radiation Damage in 4H-SiC and its Effect on Power Device Characteristics

The effect of neutron, electron and ion irradiation on electrical characteristics of unipolar 1700V SiC power devices (JBS diodes, JFETs and MESFETs) was investigated. DLTS investigation showed that above mentioned projectiles introduce similar deep acceptor levels (electron traps) in the SiC bandgap which compensate nitrogen shallow donors and cause majority carrier (electron) removal. The key degradation effect occurring in irradiated devices is the increase of the ON-state resistance which is caused by compensation of the low doped n-type epilayer and simultaneous lowering of electron mobility. In the case of SiC power switches (JFET, MOSFET), these effects are accompanied by the shift of the threshold voltage. Radiation defects introduced in SiC power devices is unstable and some defects anneal out already at operation temperatures (below 175°C). However, this does not have significant effect on device characteristics.
A Comparison of Psychological Symptoms in Survivors of Sex and Labor Trafficking

ABSTRACT Human trafficking is a form of interpersonal trauma that has significant mental health impacts on survivors. This study examined psychological symptoms in 131 survivors of sex and labor trafficking, including people trafficked into or within the United States. High rates of depression (71%) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (61%) were identified. Two thirds of survivors also met criteria for multiple categories of Complex PTSD (C-PTSD), including affect dysregulation and impulsivity; alterations in attention and consciousness; changes in interpersonal relationships; revictimization; somatic dysregulation; and alterations in self-perception. Although there were not significant differences in the prevalence rates of diagnoses of PTSD or depression between survivors of sex and labor trafficking, important group differences were identified. Compared to survivors of labor trafficking, sex trafficking survivors had higher prevalence rates of pre-trafficking childhood abuse and a higher incidence of physical and sexual violence during trafficking. They reported more severe post-trauma reactions than labor trafficking survivors, including more PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms. They were also more likely to meet criteria for comorbid PTSD and depression, while labor trafficking survivors were more likely than sex trafficking survivors to meet criteria for depression alone. An analysis of gender differences found that trafficking survivors who identified as transgender endorsed more PTSD and C-PTSD symptoms, than male or female survivors. Childhood abuse exposure was linked to PTSD and C-PTSD in trafficking survivors, and trafficking type was predictive of the number of trauma-related symptoms beyond the role of pre-trafficking child abuse. Implications for assessment and intervention with trafficking survivors are discussed.
Non-invasive detection of urothelial cancer through the analysis of driver gene mutations and aneuploidy

Current non-invasive approaches for detection of urothelial cancers are suboptimal. We developed a test to detect urothelial neoplasms using DNA recovered from cells shed into urine. UroSEEK incorporates massive parallel sequencing assays for mutations in 11 genes and copy number changes on 39 chromosome arms. In 570 patients at risk for bladder cancer (BC), UroSEEK was positive in 83% of those who developed BC. Combined with cytology, UroSEEK detected 95% of patients who developed BC. Of 56 patients with upper tract urothelial cancer, 75% tested positive by UroSEEK, including 79% of those with non-invasive tumors. UroSEEK detected genetic abnormalities in 68% of urines obtained from BC patients under surveillance who demonstrated clinical evidence of recurrence. The advantages of UroSEEK over cytology were evident in low-grade BCs; UroSEEK detected 67% of cases whereas cytology detected none. These results establish the foundation for a new non-invasive approach for detection of urothelial cancer.