Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quadrupolar correlations and spin freezing in S = 1 triangular lattice antiferromagnets

Motivated by experiments on ${\text{NiGa}}_{2}{\text{S}}_{4}$, we discuss characteristic (finite-temperature) properties of spin $S=1$ quantum antiferromagnets on the triangular lattice. Several recent theoretical studies have suggested the possibility of quadrupolar (spin-nematic) ground states in the presence of sufficient biquadratic exchange. We argue that quadrupolar correlations are substantially more robust than the spin-nematic ground state and give rise to a two-peak structure of the specific heat. We characterize this behavior by a $Tg0$ semiclassical approximation, which is amenable to efficient Monte Carlo simulations. Turning to low temperatures, we consider the effects of weak disorder on incommensurate magnetic order, which is present when interactions beyond nearest-neighbor exchange are substantial. We show that nonmagnetic impurities act as random fields on a component of the order parameter, leading to the disruption of long-range magnetic order even when the defects are arbitrarily weak. Instead, gradual freezing phenomena are expected on lowering the temperature, with no sharp transition but a rapid slowing of dynamics and the development of substantial spin-glass-like correlations. We discuss these observations in relation to measurements of ${\text{NiGa}}_{2}{\text{S}}_{4}$.
Carvacrol Ameliorates DSS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Rats by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of carvacrol on the ulcerative colitis (UC) inflammation model induced by DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) in rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into the blank, model, low-, middle-, and high-dose carvacrol groups. The rats drank 4.5% DSS for 5 consecutive days to induce the UC model, except for the blank group. Different concentrations of either carvacrol or purified water were supplied by intragastric administration for 7 consecutive days to assess the protective effect of carvacrol on inflammation in UC rats involving the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo administration of carvacrol was found to ameliorate the symptoms of colitis in rats. Carvacrol significantly improved the pathological symptoms of colitis in the model group and reduced the DAI and pathological scores of rats. At the same time, carvacrol can reduce the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α induced by DSS, inhibit the activation of TLR4, hinder the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (P65), reduce the cleavage of the apoptosis-related protein cleaved-caspase 3, and protect colon cell apoptosis. The results of in vitro experiments showed that carvacrol has a significant inhibitory effect on cell apoptosis caused by the activation of TLR4 induced by LPS and pcDNA3.1tlr4. Research results revealed that carvacrol has a certain protective effect against inflammation-induced injury in ulcerative colitis rats via inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Orbital Eccentricity Distribution of Solar-Neighbour Halo Stars

We present theoretical calculations for the differential distribution of stellar orbital eccentricity for a sample of solar-neighbour halo stars. Two types of static, spherical gravitational potentials are adopted to define the eccentricity e for given energy E and angular momentum L, such as an isochrone potential and a Navarro-Frenk-White potential that can serve as two extreme ends covering in-between any realistic potential of the Milky Way halo. The solar-neighbour eccentricity distribution \Delta N(e) is then formulated, based on a static distribution function of the form f(E,L) in which the velocity anisotropy parameter \beta monotonically increases in the radial direction away from the galaxy center, such that beta is below unity (near isotropic velocity dispersion) in the central region and asymptotically approaches \sim 1 (radially anisotropic velocity dispersion) in the far distant region of the halo. We find that \Delta N(e) sensitively depends upon the radial profile of \beta, and this sensitivity is used to constrain such profile in comparison with some observational properties of \Delta N_{obs}(e) recently reported by Carollo et al. (2010). Especially, the linear e-distribution and the fraction of higher-e stars for their sample of solar-neighbour inner-halo stars rule out a constant profile of \beta, contrary to the opposite claim by Bond et al. (2010). Our constraint of \beta \lesssim 0.5 at the galaxy center indicates that the violent relaxation that has acted on the inner halo is effective within a scale radius of \sim 10 kpc from the galaxy center. We discuss that our result would help understand the formation and evolution of the Milky Way halo.
Design of compact dual‐polarized base station antenna array with high isolation using array decoupled surface and parasitic patch structure

For a compact base station antenna array, the isolation between two co‐polarized adjacent elements and two cross‐polarized adjacent elements is relatively poor. The introduction of the array decoupled surface (ADS) on the top of the antenna and the introduction of parasitic structures between adjacent elements effectively improve the isolation of the co‐polarized and cross‐polarized adjacent elements. Array decoupled surface mainly suppresses the mutual coupling between the co‐polarized adjacent elements, and the parasitic structure mainly suppresses the mutual coupling between the cross‐polarized adjacent elements. Both simulated and measured results show that in the 3.3–3.6 GHz band, the return loss of all ports is better than 10 dB. By introducing the ADS and the parasitic patch structure, the isolation between two co‐polarized adjacent elements is improved from about 15 to 21.9 dB, and the isolation between two cross‐polarized adjacent elements is improved from about 13 to 22.4 dB. The isolation between two cross‐polarized elements in the same unit is greater than 27 dB.
THE GEMINI/NICI PLANET-FINDING CAMPAIGN: THE FREQUENCY OF PLANETS AROUND YOUNG MOVING GROUP STARS

We report results of a direct imaging survey for giant planets around 80 members of the β Pic, TW Hya, Tucana-Horologium, AB Dor, and Hercules-Lyra moving groups, observed as part of the Gemini/NICI Planet-Finding Campaign. For this sample, we obtained median contrasts of ΔH = 13.9 mag at 1″ in combined CH4 narrowband ADI+SDI mode and median contrasts of ΔH = 15.1 mag at 2″ in H-band ADI mode. We found numerous (>70) candidate companions in our survey images. Some of these candidates were rejected as common-proper motion companions using archival data; we reobserved with Near-Infrared Coronagraphic Imager (NICI) all other candidates that lay within 400 AU of the star and were not in dense stellar fields. The vast majority of candidate companions were confirmed as background objects from archival observations and/or dedicated NICI Campaign followup. Four co-moving companions of brown dwarf or stellar mass were discovered in this moving group sample: PZ Tel B (36 ± 6 MJup, 16.4 ± 1.0 AU), CD−35 2722B (31 ± 8 MJup, 67 ± 4 AU), HD 12894B (0.46 ± 0.08 M☉, 15.7 ± 1.0 AU), and BD+07 1919C (0.20 ± 0.03 M☉, 12.5 ± 1.4 AU). From a Bayesian analysis of the achieved H band ADI and ASDI contrasts, using power-law models of planet distributions and hot-start evolutionary models, we restrict the frequency of 1–20 MJup companions at semi-major axes from 10–150 AU to <18% at a 95.4% confidence level using DUSTY models and to <6% at a 95.4% using COND models. Our results strongly constrain the frequency of planets within semi-major axes of 50 AU as well. We restrict the frequency of 1–20 MJup companions at semi-major axes from 10–50 AU to <21% at a 95.4% confidence level using DUSTY models and to <7% at a 95.4% using COND models. This survey is the deepest search to date for giant planets around young moving group stars.
Multi-stage Transfer Learning for Fake News Detection Using AWD-LSTM Network

In the recent decades, the automatic veracity verification of rumors is essential, since online social media platforms allow users to post news item or express opinion towards a circulating piece of information without much restriction. The intention of fake news is to make the readers believe in inaccurate information, where the detection of fake news by using content is a difficult task. So, the auxiliary information: user profile, social engagement of the users, and other user’s comments are useful in the detection of fake news. In this manuscript, a novel multi-stage transfer learning approach is introduced for an effective fake news detection, where it utilizes user’s comments as auxiliary information to detect whether the given tweet is true or false. The stances of the response tweets contain opinions on news/rumors are often used for verifying the veracity of the circulating information. In order to devastate the effects of the specific rumors at the earliest, the multi-stage transfer learning approach automatically predict veracity of rumors jointly with the stances of their response tweets. The proposed multi-stage transfer learning is an inductive transfer learning variation that is used to forecast the stance of responses, then to identify fake news. The proposed model’s effectiveness is evaluated on the two-benchmark datasets: semEval-2017 task 8 and PHEME. The proposed model outperformed the existing approaches by obtaining a classification accuracy of 64.30% and 65.30%, an F-measure of 65.95% and 63.90% on semEval-2017 task 8, and PHEME on event-wise datasets.
Gravitational waves from Q-ball formation

We study the detectability of the gravitational waves (GWs) from the Q-ball formation associated with the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism, taking into account both the dilution effects due to Q-ball domination and to finite temperature. The AD mechanism predicts the formation of nontopological solitons, Q-balls, from which GWs are generated. Q-balls with large conserved charge Q can produce a large amount of GWs. On the other hand, the decay rate of such Q-balls is so small that they may dominate the energy density of the Universe, which implies that GWs are significantly diluted and that their frequencies are redshifted during the Q-ball dominated era. Thus, the detectability of the GWs associated with the formation of Q-balls is determined by these two competing effects. We find that there is a finite but small parameter region where such GWs may be detected by future detectors such as DECIGO or BBO, only in the case when the thermal logarithmic potential dominates the potential of the AD field. Otherwise GWs from Q-balls would not be detectable even by these futuristic detectors: {Omega}{sub GW}{sup 0}<10{sup -21}. Unfortunately, for such parameter region the present baryon asymmetry of the Universe can hardly be explained unless one fine-tunes A-termsmore » in the potential. However the detection of such a GW background may give us an information about the early Universe, for example, it may suggest that the flat directions with B-L=0 are favored. « less
Median robust nonlinear weighted total least squares estimator of nonlinear EIV models: three algorithms

To improve robust estimation performance of fully correlated nonlinear error-in-variables model, three median robust estimate methods are discussed on base of Nonlinear Weighted Total Least Squares (NWTLS), namely, median parameter method, median parameter initial value method and median variance method. After the discussion of the median robust estimation theory and the derivation of the calculation formula of the three median robust estimation methods, three iterative algorithms are developed. Through two nonlinear regression examples, four schemes including no artificial outliers, different location of outliers, different degrees of correlation, and different ratios of outliers are adopted, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that from the statistical point of view, although the three median methods have different antioutlier effects for different nonlinear models, they are more effective than RNWTLS and NWTLS; the robust estimation results of three median methods are related to the functional model.
Longitudinal Study on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-E. coli in Sentinel Mallard Ducks in an Important Baltic Stop-Over Site for Migratory Ducks in Germany

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global health threat with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales as the most critical ones. Studies on AMR in wild birds imply a possible dissemination function and indicate their potential role as sentinel animals. This study aimed to gain a deeper insight into the AMR burden of wild waterfowl by sampling semi-wild mallard ducks used as sentinels and to identify if AMR bacteria could be recommended to be added to the pathogens of public health risks to be screened for. In total, 376 cloacal and pooled fecal samples were collected from the sentinel plant over a period of two years. Samples were screened for ESBL-carrying E. coli and isolates found further analyzed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Over the sampling period, 4.26% (16/376) of the samples were positive for ESBL-producing E. coli. BlaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-32 were the most abundant CTX-M types. Although none of the top global sequence types (ST) could be detected, poultry-derived ST115 and non-poultry-related STs were found and could be followed over time. The current study revealed low cases of ESBL-producing E. coli in semi-wild mallard ducks, which proves the suitability of sentinel surveillance for AMR detection in water-associated wildlife.
DESIGN OF DELTA WING AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER GLIDERS FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABLE AND STEALTH RECONNAISSANCE USING NUMERICAL
STUDIES

Autonomous Underwater Gliders (AUGs) are a unique source of collecting oceanographic data for varying depths with longer endurance than other types of unmanned underwater vehicles. The buoyancy-driven propulsion mechanism assists in diving deep into the ocean, collect data, resurface in saw-tooth and spiral motions. There have been various hull-forms introduced for this purpose starting from - Torpedo hull, XRay Flying-Wing Glider, etc., all of which have seen an improved understanding of the hydrodynamics associated with the hull-form of the gliders. The saw-tooth motion represents the glider's capacity to cover larger distances with a smaller angle of attack, thereby achieving an increased range for the same power included within the hull batteries. In this paper, a design study of delta wing hull-forms, which are proven to have better longitudinal motion characteristics, is proposed to arrive at a preliminary hull form that can be used for long term reconnaissance missions, remaining in stealth to assist submarines with valuable data. Delta wing hull forms are varied using different NACA sections, and numerical analysis of the obtained hull forms is performed to arrive at the hydrodynamics; namely, the drag, lift forces and coefficients for varying angles of attack, using commercial CFD software – StarCCM+. These results are then compared against each other to derive the preliminary hull form for further study on better longitudinal motion characteristics, thereby using less power for its motion underwater.
Whither Applied Bayesian Inference

In this chapter I would like to o er some thoughts on where we ve been where we are and where we hope to go as applied Bayesians in the next few years Mercifully this task is far easier than reviewing Prof Rubin s contributions to the eld a summary of the impact of the EM algorithm and its extensions alone would easily ll my available space or even giving a cogent overview of the applied Bayesian papers included in this part of the book which also cover a very broad range of application Nor will I attempt a textbook style review of applied Bayesian methods since that is not the purpose of this book and in any case many ne such treatments including of course Gelman Carlin Stern and Rubin already exist
Simulation of Electrospray Emission Processes for Low to Moderate Conductivity Liquids

The leaky-dielectric model is incorporated in the Finite Volume Method (FVM) code, OpenFOAM, to investigate the electrospray emission behavior of low to moderate conductivity liquids. This work extends FVM modeling to moderate conductivities by employing a new interface interpolation scheme that is devised in the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to ensure charge conservation for accurate reproduction of charge accumulation and resulting meniscus shape in the cone-to-jet region and jet break-up. The FVM approach with the new interpolation scheme has been validated against experiments and scaling laws for heptane and tributyl phosphate (TBP) of low and moderate conductivity. Results agree well with experiments and scaling laws for droplet diameter and total current. The droplet diameter is shown to increase as the dimensionless flow rate increases or the electric Reynolds number decreases. Results are also consistent with parametric investigation of the meniscus shape and the maximum charge density for key operating conditions (flow rate and potential difference) and liquid properties (conductivity, surface tension, viscosity, and relative permittivity). These results show that the new interface interpolation scheme provides accurate results for a wide range of conductivities, fluid properties, and operating conditions. The results also provide valuable physical insights for varying liquid conductivity in the electrospray emission process. In particular, low dimensionless flow rate or high electric Reynolds number leads to the emergence of convex-outward menisci associated with a high charge density in the cone-to-jet region, resulting in high jetting velocity and high specific charge of emitted droplets.
Plasma Dynamics in Mercury's Magnetosphere

Mercury is in all sense of the words still Terra Incognito, its magnetosphere is hence little known. The only source of knowledge came from the in-situ measurements by the Mariner 10 close encounters in 1974. This has been complemented since by ground-based observations of the atomic sodium and potassium emissions in the vicinity of the planetary disk. This series of optical observations has produced intriguing evidence of magnetospheric and/or solar wind effects on the surface-plasma interaction processes. In this review we will describe the current theories of the corresponding space weather effects.
Molecular Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in meat at Mosul city retails using PCR technique

Pseudomonas has been recognized as a unique meat spoiling organism. The proliferation of these spoilage organisms might influence the organoleptic meat quality. Therefore, the current investigation is being carried out to detect pseudomonas associated with meat displayed in Mosul city retails. A total of 150 meat samples of beef, mutton and chicken meat (50 of each) were collected. Molecular identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa in meat is performed by targeting the 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene. Fifty-three isolates of pseudomonas species were obtained from all types of meat (35.33%), including 23 (46 %) for beef meat,11 (22%) for mutton and 19 (38%) for chicken meat. Enumeration of pseudomonas species in beef and mutton were 1.47*10 4 , 1.92*10 4 CFU/g, respectively , while counts were 21.3*10 4 CFU/g in chicken meat. Polymerase chain reaction results revealed the presence of 16SrRNA gene in all tested isolates 53/53 (100%). pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated at (39.62%) from meat samples according to the detection of the rpoB gene. In conclusion, the prevalence of pseudomonas in meat at Mosul city retails negatively impacted meat quality and consumer confidence. Also, the PCR approach aids the rapid detection of pseudomonas as spoilage organisms in meat to reduce financial loss. Therefore, hygienic measurements should be applied to reduce meat spoilage and conserve consumer health during meat production and preservation.
Characterization of Protomyces macrosporus causing stem gall of coriander (Coriandrum sativum)

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant and suffers from different fungal, bacterial andviral diseases of which stem gall caused by Protomyces macrospores is one among them. The disease appears in theform of tumour like swellings of leaf veins, leaf stalks, peduncles, stems and on fruits. The test pathogen was isolatedfrom infected stem and seeds and pure culture of the fungus was obtained on potato dextrose agar enriched with yeastextract medium. The colour of colony was creamy white initially which later turned light brown. Morphologicalcharacters comprising chlamydospores were studied which were yellowish brown, spherical or globose to oval,single-celled, smooth and measured 40-80 Î¼ in diameter. For molecular characterization, genomic DNA was isolatedusing standard procedures and a region of the nuclear rDNA gene containing the internal transcribed spacer regionswas amplified from the genomic DNA. Phylogenetic tree showed that isolated strain A clustered close to Protomycesinouyei with 62% similarity only. Based on morphological characteristics, the isolated fungus was identified asProtomyces macrosporus but on the ITS sequences comparisons, strain A was similar to Protomyces sp. Pathogenicitytests showed that crushed powder of infected seed added to soil was better in disease development over mycelialsuspension and the symptoms of the disease appeared in 42.5 days.
How can a Serbian history textbook be used to thoroughly teach the causes of the Holocaust?

A history textbook authored by Mira Radojević, was written for history students aged 18, entering their final year of a four-year Serbian grammar school education. The textbook presents in chronological order a range of topics that canvas the seminal political events that shaped Europe and America throughout the 20th century. The textbook's primary drawback is an absence of the learning tasks required to facilitate improved learning in relation to higher order thinking. This paper aims to overcome this issue. The manuscript does not represent empirical research; rather, it is more of a practitioner piece, with the goal of providing a framework in which the textbook can be utilised to gradually and meaningfully develop a causal analysis of the Holocaust. Four history classes, broken into a series of five steps, are designed to be used in concert with Mira Radojević's textbook. It is however the hope that these steps will provide a framework to be used with a variety of textbooks that, like the Mira Radojević's textbook, will focus on the historical facts rather than on causal analysis of the Holocaust and developing students' higher order thinking.