Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Radio Engine Training

Training is the task of guiding a cognitive radio engine through the process of learning a desired system's behavior and capabilities. The training speed and expected performance during this task are of paramount importance to the system's operation, especially when the system is facing new conditions. In this paper, we provide a thorough examination of cognitive engine training, and we analytically estimate the number of trials needed to conclusively find the best-performing communication method in a list of methods sorted by their possible throughput. We show that, even if only a fraction of the methods meet the minimum packet success rate requirement, near maximal performance can be reached quickly. Furthermore, we propose the Robust Training Algorithm (RoTA) for applications in which stable performance during training is of utmost importance. We show that the RoTA can facilitate training while maintaining a minimum performance level, albeit at the expense of training speed. Finally, we test four key training techniques (ε-greedy; Boltzmann exploration; the Gittins index strategy; and the RoTA) and we identify and explain the three main factors that affect performance during training: the domain knowledge of the problem, the number of methods with acceptable performance, and the exploration rate.
THE SHARP FORM OF THE STRONG SZEGŐ THEOREM

Let f be a function on the unit circle and Dn(f) be the determinant of the (n + 1) × (n + 1) matrix with elements {cj−i}0≤i,j≤n where cm = f̂m ≡ ∫ e−imθf(θ) dθ 2π . The sharp form of the strong Szegő theorem says that for any real-valued L on the unit circle with L, e in L( dθ 2π ), we have lim n→∞ Dn(eL)e−(n+1)L̂0 = exp ( ∞ ∑
ADVANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CEREBRAL CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS: PART I. HIGH‐FIELD IMAGING OF EXCISED HUMAN LESIONS

OBJECTIVEWe hypothesized that structural details that have not been described previously would be revealed in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) through the use of high-field magnetic resonance and confocal microscopy. The structural details of CCMs excised from patients were sought by examination with high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and correlated with confocal microscopy of the same specimens. Novel features of CCM structure are outlined, including methodological limitations, venues for future research, and possible clinical implications. METHODSCCM lesions excised from 4 patients were fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde and subjected to high-resolution MRI at 9.4 or 14.1-T by spin echo and gradient recalled echo methods. Histological validation of angioarchitecture was conducted on thick sections of CCM lesions using fluorescent probes to endothelium under confocal microscopy. RESULTSImages of excised human CCM lesions were acquired with proton density-weighted, T1-weighted, T2-weighted spin echo, and T2*-weighted gradient recalled echo MRI. These images revealed large “bland” regions with thin-walled caverns and “honeycombed” regions with notable capillary proliferation and smaller caverns surrounding larger caverns. Proliferating capillaries and caverns of various sizes were also associated with the walls of apparent larger blood vessels in the lesions. Similar features were confirmed within thick sections of CCMs by confocal microscopy. MRI relaxation times in different regions of interest suggested the presence of different states of blood breakdown products in areas with apparent angiogenic proliferative activity. CONCLUSIONHigh-field MRI techniques demonstrate novel features of CCM angioarchitecture, visible at near histological resolution, including regions with apparently different biological activity. These preliminary observations will motivate future research, correlating lesion biological and clinical activity with features of MRI at higher field strength.
Antidepressant discontinuation manic states: a critical review of the literature and suggested diagnostic criteria

We critically appraised all published reports of hypomania and mania following antidepressant termination. To increase reliability and validity we devised diagnostic criteria for an antidepressant discontinuation or withdrawal ‘manic state’ based primarily on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition substance withdrawal criteria. A systematic literature review identified 24 reports meeting our criteria. Mean age was 39 years (range 18–74), men and women were approximately equally represented, and more cases involved people with unipolar (n = 19) than bipolar disorder (n = 4). The median duration of preceding antidepressant treatment was 12 weeks (range 4 weeks–12 years). All major antidepressant classes were involved (tricyclic antidepressants = 13; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors = 5; monoamine oxidase inhibitors = 3; selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors = 2; miscellaneous = 1). More cases followed abrupt antidepressant withdrawal (n = 11) than a tapered withdrawal (n = 6). Six cases appeared to meet the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition for a manic episode, with two cases requiring inpatient admission. Of the 24 cases, nine resolved spontaneously without treatment (median duration = 25.5 days), six responded to antimanic drugs, four resolved following antidepressant reinstatement, and treatment was unclear in five cases. We conclude that antidepressant discontinuation hypomania/mania is a valid syndrome. It should be added to the differential diagnosis of hypomania/mania. The clinical implications and possible mechanisms are discussed.
Caregiver burden: a clinical review.

IMPORTANCE Caregiver burden may result from providing care for patients with chronic illness. It can occur in any of the 43.5 million individuals providing support to midlife and older adults. Caregiver burden is frequently overlooked by clinicians. OBJECTIVES To outline the epidemiology of caregiver burden; to provide strategies to diagnose, assess, and intervene for caregiver burden in clinical practice; and to evaluate evidence on interventions intended to avert or mitigate caregiver burden and related caregiver distress. EVIDENCE Cohort studies examining the relation between demographic and social risk factors and adverse outcomes of caregiver burden were reviewed. Review of recent meta-analyses to summarize the effectiveness of caregiver burden interventions were identified by searching Ovid MEDLINE, AgeLine, and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Risk factors for caregiver burden include female sex, low educational attainment, residence with the care recipient, higher number of hours spent caregiving, depression, social isolation, financial stress, and lack of choice in being a caregiver. Practical assessment strategies for caregiver burden exist to evaluate caregivers, their care recipients, and the care recipient's overall caregiving needs. A variety of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions have shown mild to modest efficacy in mitigating caregiver burden and associated manifestations of caregiver distress in high-quality meta-analyses. Psychosocial interventions include support groups or psychoeducational interventions for caregivers of dementia patients (effect size, 0.09-0.23). Pharmacologic interventions include use of anticholinergics or antipsychotic medications for dementia or dementia-related behaviors in the care recipient (effect size, 0.18-0.27). Many studies showed improvements in caregiver burden-associated symptoms (eg, mood, coping, self-efficacy) even when caregiver burden itself was minimally improved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Physicians have a responsibility to recognize caregiver burden. Caregiver assessment and intervention should be tailored to the individual circumstances and contexts in which caregiver burden occurs.
Optimization algorithm for reconstructing interface changes of a conductivity inclusion from modal measurements

We propose an original optimization approach for reconstructing interface changes of a conductivity inclusion from measurements of eigenvalues and eigenvectors associated with the transmission problem for the Laplacian. Let Ω be a smooth domain and D be an inclusion contained in Ω whose boundary is also assumed to be smooth. Shape deformation of D causes a perturbation of modal parameters. The aim of this work is to show how this information can be used to reconstruct the unknown deformation. For doing so, we rigorously derive an asymptotic formula for the perturbations in the eigenvalues of the transmission problem for the Laplacian that are due to small deformations of the interface of an inclusion. Based on this formula, we design an efficient reconstruction algorithm from modal measurements. Our algorithm consists on minimizing a functional whose minimizer yields certain geometric properties of the unknown inclusion. It naturally follows from a key identity that is in some sense dual to the asymptotic formula. Numerical experiments showing the viability of our algorithm are presented. Our results in this paper extend those established in the context of small volume inclusions as well as those for the conductivity interface problem. In fact, on one hand, in a series of recent papers [5,3,1,2] we have derived high-order asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalue perturbations due to the presence of small inclusions and used them for locating the inclusions and identifying some of their geometric features. On the other hand, in [4], we have derived highorder terms in the asymptotic expansions of the boundary perturbations of steady-state voltage potentials resulting from small perturbations of the shape of a conductivity inclusion. Based on these derivations, we have designed an effective algorithm to determine some geometric features of the shape perturbation of the inclusion based on boundary measurements.
Exploiting tag and word correlations for improved webpage clustering

Automatic clustering of webpages helps a number of information retrieval tasks, such as improving user interfaces, collection clustering, introducing diversity in search results, etc. Typically, webpage clustering algorithms only use features extracted from the page-text. However, the advent of social-bookmarking websites, such as StumbleUpon and Delicious, has led to a huge amount of user-generated content such as the tag information that is associated with the webpages. In this paper, we present a subspace based feature extraction approach which leverages tag information to complement the page-contents of a webpage to extract highly discriminative features, with the goal of improved clustering performance. In our approach, we consider page-text and tags as two separate views of the data, and learn a shared subspace that maximizes the correlation between the two views. Any clustering algorithm can then be applied in this subspace. We compare our subspace based approach with a number of baselines that use tag information in various other ways, and show that the subspace based approach leads to improved performance on the webpage clustering task. Although our results here are on the webpage clustering task, the same approach can be used for webpage classification as well. In the end, we also suggest possible future work for leveraging tag information in webpage clustering, especially when tag information is present for not all, but only for a small number of webpages.
HOXD13 Binds DNA Replication Origins To Promote Origin Licensing and Is Inhibited by Geminin

ABSTRACT HOX DNA-binding proteins control patterning during development by regulating processes such as cell aggregation and proliferation. Recently, a possible involvement of HOX proteins in replication origin activity was suggested by results showing that a number of HOX proteins interact with the DNA replication licensing regulator geminin and bind a characterized human origin of replication. The functional significance of these observations, however, remained unclear. We show that HOXD13, HOXD11, and HOXA13 bind in vivo all characterized human replication origins tested. We furthermore show that HOXD13 interacts with the CDC6 loading factor, promotes pre-replication complex (pre-RC) proteins assembly at origins, and stimulates DNA synthesis in an in vivo replication assay. HOXD13 expression in cultured cells accelerates DNA synthesis initiation in correlation with the earlier pre-RC recruitment onto origins during G1 phase. Geminin, which interacts with HOXD13 as well, blocks HOXD13-mediated assembly of pre-RC proteins and inhibits HOXD13-induced DNA replication. Our results uncover a function for Hox proteins in the regulation of replication origin activity and reveal an unforeseen role for the inhibition of HOX protein activity by geminin in the context of replication origin licensing.
Inheritance of congenital pyloric stenosis.

In a previous paper (Carter, 1961) reference was made to the pathology and clinical features of congenital pyloric stenosis. This is the commonest condition requiring abdominal surgery in infancy. In this series the mean age of treatment was 7 weeks, and no case was treated after 18 weeks. The conventional term 'congenital' is applied to the condition though its presence at birth has never been reported. The earliest report of the condition is in a child dying of an unrelated illness at 3 days (Laurence, 1963). The frequency of pyloric stenosis has been found to be about 3 per thousand total births in Newcastle (Davison, 1946), Birmingham (MacMahon, Record, and McKeown, 1951), and Edinburgh (Smith, 1960). In the recent survey in the South-East Hospital Regional Board area of England (J. A. F. Roberts and P. E. Polani, 1968, personal communication), a frequency of approximately 2 per thousand live-births was found, including a small proportion of patients treated medically. The figure of 3 per thousand live-births has been taken for comparison with the findings in this family survey. This is, however, probably a somewhat high figure for comparison with the relatives born a generation ago when diagnosis would have been less complete. With a sex-ratio of 5:1, an incidence of 3 in a thousand total live-births implies an incidence of about 5 per thousand male and about 1 per thousand female live-births. A report was given in the 1961 paper of the early findings of a family study based on index patients treated at The Hospital for Sick Children between 1920 and 1939 inclusive. This series has been enlarged to include girls treated up to and including 1949. It is now fully reported and sufficient details are given in Appendix I for segregation and other analysis. This is referred to as the main series. In addition, a supplementary family study was made for more recently born index patients, males treated 1953-1962, females treated 1950-1965 (re-
Transmitting IPv6 packets over Bluetooth low energy based on BlueZ

Recent years have witnessed the development of wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, and IPv6-based solution for sensor networks has attracted more and more attention which can enable end-to-end IP communication via the Internet. As far as we know, we implemented the first prototype system to transmit IPv6 packets over Bluetooth low energy (BLE) based on BlueZ, the official Bluetooth stack of Linux. To adapt IPv6 packets to BLE link, in addition to the implementation of segmentation and reassembly (SAR), header compression (HC) is effective to improve the transmission efficiency and achieve lower power consumption. The 6LoWPAN workgroup of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has proposed several standards and drafts to specify the header compression scheme for IPv6 packet delivery in low power wireless networks. Based on the compression format defined in RFC6282, we proposed a new mechanism for the management of contexts, which can improve both power efficiency and time efficiency, extend the content of context information and provide better flexibility.
A STUDY ON THE OCCURRENCE OF WORMIAN BONES AMONG THE MALE AND FEMALE SKULLS OF TAMIL NADU , INDIA

Address for Correspondence: Dr. A. Mary Antony Praba. Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Tagore Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-Mail: fio7rio@yahoo.co.in Background: Wormian bones, also known as intra sutural bones are extra bone pieces that occur within a suture in the cranium. These are irregular isolated bones which appear in addition to the usual centers of ossification of the cranium and, although unusual, are not rare. The number of sutural bones varies considerably because different individuals and different population have different numbers of sutural bones. They occur mostly along the sutures and meeting point of the cranial sutures. They occur most frequently in the course of the lambdoid suture. They are also occasionally seen within the sagittal and coronal sutures. Materials and Methods: In this present study we analyzed the occurrence of sutural bones among 50 male and female skulls in Tamil Nadu region and we compared the results along with the studies of Indian skulls. Result and Conclusion: Based on the study we concluded that sutural bones are more among male skulls than in females among the skulls of Tamil Nadu and this is exactly the opposite of the results given in Indian population.
Proton beam characterization by proton-induced acoustic emission: simulation studies

Due to their Bragg peak, proton beams are capable of delivering a targeted dose of radiation to a narrow volume, but range uncertainties currently limit their accuracy. One promising beam characterization technique, protoacoustic range verification, measures the acoustic emission generated by the proton beam. We simulated the pressure waves generated by proton radiation passing through water. We observed that the proton-induced acoustic signal consists of two peaks, labeled α and γ, with two originating sources. The α acoustic peak is generated by the pre-Bragg peak heated region whereas the source of the γ acoustic peak is the proton Bragg peak. The arrival time of the α and γ peaks at a transducer reveals the distance from the beam propagation axis and Bragg peak center, respectively. The maximum pressure is not observed directly above the Bragg peak due to interference of the acoustic signals. Range verification based on the arrival times is shown to be more effective than determining the Bragg peak position based on pressure amplitudes. The temporal width of the α and γ peaks are linearly proportional to the beam diameter and Bragg peak width, respectively. The temporal separation between compression and rarefaction peaks is proportional to the spill time width. The pressure wave expected from a spread out Bragg peak dose is characterized. The simulations also show that acoustic monitoring can verify the proton beam dose distribution and range by characterizing the Bragg peak position to within ~1 mm.
Linear precoder based on minimum Euclidean distance for multicast channels

Assuming the maximum likelihood (ML) receiver at each user, a linear precoding algorithm is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multicast channel with two users by maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between two received data vectors. With perfect channel knowledge known a priori, the optimization problem based on the minimum Euclidean distance for multicast channels is first provided and then transformed into a QoS-aware one, where different users can be flexibly constrained to different QoS levels. The proposed precoding matrix can be decomposed into a non-singular matrix multiplied by a diagonal one and an orthogonal one, where the orthogonal one can be approximately obtained resorting to the results for the unicast scenario, and the other two can be acquired by means of the non-orthogonal joint diagonalization and linear programming techniques, respectively. Simulation results validate the efficiency of the proposed precoder for the special case of 2×2 multicast system.
Randomized, controlled trial of insulin for acute poststroke hyperglycemia

Poststroke hyperglycemia is common and is associated with increased risk of death and dependence, but appropriate management remains uncertain. Glucose potassium insulin (GKI) infusion did not benefit patients with moderate poststroke hyperglycemia in a recent trial. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), previous studies identified a relationship between recruitment of ischemic tissue to the final infarct and hyperglycemia, possibly mediated by brain lactic acidosis.
Glutathione S‐transferase m1 and t1 null genotypes increase susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury

Individual vulnerability to drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) might result from deficiencies in the detoxification process, which determines the level of exposure to the reactive metabolite. We evaluated whether a genetically determined reduction in the ability to detoxify electrophilic compounds, such as that expected among individuals with glutathione S‐transferase (GST) null genotypes, might play a role in determining the risk for DILI and its clinical expression. Genomic DNA from 154 patients (74 men, 80 women; mean age, 53 years) with a diagnosis of DILI as assessed with the Council for International Organizations of Medical Science scale and 250 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls were analyzed. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction–based method was used to detect GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions. Carriers of double GSTT1‐M1 null genotypes had a 2.70‐fold increased risk of developing DILI compared with noncarriers (odds ratio 2.70, 95% confidence interval 1.45‐5.03; P = 0.003). The odds ratio for DILI patients receiving antibacterials, and NSAIDs were 3.52 (P = 0.002), and 5.61 (P = 0.001), respectively. Patients with amoxicillin‐clavulanate hepatotoxicity (n = 32) had a 2.81‐fold increased risk (P = 0.037). Patients classified by the combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes did not differ with regard to the type of injury, clinical presentation, or outcome, except for the predominance of women in the combined null genotype (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The double‐null genotype for GSTT1 and GSTM1 might play a role in determining the susceptibility to develop DILI, as a general mechanism that occurs regardless of the type of drug involved, and predominantly in women. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:588–596.)
A collaborative PCE-Based mechanism for E 2 E recovery within MPLS-networks

This paper suggests a new mechanism for inter domain recovery purpose within MPLS-based networks. This mechanism is based on efficient collaboration between several entities called PCE (Path Computation Element). We denote a PCE per domain. All PCEs should communicate in order to ensure propitious End-to-End failure handling, recovery and restoration. Based on normative instructions described in the [RFC 5298] and a novel approach presented in [RFC5441], known as the BRPC approach (Backward Recursive PCE-based Computation), the new mechanism offers an opportunity to achieve E2E recovery using up-to-date information and giving a way to maintain optimal network states as well in intra-domain scope as in inter domain scope, in order to generate a global visibility of the entire network without care about heterogeneity neither autonomy of crossed domains. Simulation results prove that the proposed solution is able to resolve, more efficiently, inter domain recovery issue regardless the AS policies and rules and is able to overcome the inter-domain routing protocol (BGP, Border Gateway Protocol) shortcuts and divergences.