Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Source Adoption and Use: A Comparative Study Between Groups in the US and India

Open source software communities work in a loosely knit organizational structure that works primarily on the motivations of gift and contribution of source code. They communicate using modern Internet-based applications and organize themselves into self-guided virtual communities. Several methods of collaboration and development of intellectual property through software within these communities are quite unique and innovative. Current research effort mainly focused on understanding the individual motivations, collaboration mechanisms, and associated project management challenges of various OSS projects. However, as open source software usage moves mainstream and becomes more and more widespread, factors drive its diffusion and adoption deserve more research attention. Using the concepts of innovation adoption, we attempt to examine the possible drivers that influence adoption of open source software within different open source communities. In particular, the results from two user groups one from an OSS community in United States, one from an OSS community in India, are extensively compared and contrasted to gain better understanding of factors that lead to adoption and use of open source software.
Characterisation of Strongly Normalising λ μ-Terms

We provide a characterisation of strongly normalising terms of the λμ-calculus by means of a type system that uses intersection and product types. The presence of the latter and a restricted use of the type ω enable us to represent the particular notion of continuation used in the literature for the definition of semantics for the λμ-calculus. This makes it possible to lift the well-known characterisation property for strongly-normalising λ-terms that uses intersection types to the λμ-calculus. From this result an alternative proof of strong normalisation for terms typeable in Parigot’s propositional logical system follows, by means of an interpretation of that system into ours.
Lawrence Berkeley National

Building electrical load profiles can improve understanding of building energy efficiency, demand flexibility, and building-grid interactions. Current approaches to generating load profiles are time-consuming and not capable of reflecting the dynamic and stochastic behaviors of real buildings; some approaches also trigger data privacy concerns. In this study, we proposed a novel approach for generating realistic electrical load profiles of buildings through the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), a machine learning technique that is capable of revealing an unknown probability distribution purely from data. The proposed approach has three main steps: (1) normalizing the daily 24-hour load profiles, (2) clustering the daily load profiles with the k-means algorithm, and (3) using GAN to generate daily load profiles for each cluster. The approach was tested with an open-source database – the Building Data Genome Project. We validated the proposed method by comparing the mean, standard deviation, and distribution of key parameters of the generated load profiles with those of the real ones. The KL divergence of the generated and real load profiles are within 0.3 for majority of parameters and clusters. Additionally, results showed the load profiles generated by GAN can capture not only the general trend but also the random variations of the actual electrical loads in buildings. The proposed GAN approach can be used to generate building electrical load profiles, verify other load profile generation models, detect changes to load profiles, and more importantly, anonymize smart meter data for sharing, to support research and applications of grid-interactive efficient buildings.
A non-spiking neuron model with dynamic leak to avoid 1 instability in recurrent networks 2 3

A non-spiking neuron model with dynamic leak to avoid 1 instability in recurrent networks 2 3 Udaya B. Rongala1*, Jonas M.D. Enander1, Matthias Kohler2, Gerald E. Loeb3, Henrik Jörntell1 4 5 6 7 1 Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 8 Sweden 9 2 Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany 10 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of 11 Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 12 13 14 15 *Corresponding author 16 E-mail: udaya_bhaskar. rongala@med.lu. se (UBR) 17 18 19
Pseudo-Relevance Feedback Method based on the Cross Product of Irrelevant Documents.

Pseudo-Relevance Feedback assumes that the top-ranked k documents of the initial retrieval are relevant, and then terms of these documents are used to re-weight the terms of the initial query (add new terms and/or change the weights of existing terms in the query). In this paper, we propose a new approach for query expansion for ad hoc search, by using an absorbing document which is the cross product of irrelevant documents. This document will be orthogonal to irrelevant ones. We show how this absorbing document can extract better expansion terms from the top-ranked k documents. The experiments show that our approach gives improvements for both collections, TREC-7 and TREC-8, over known models.
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Translation Systems for the WMT 2012

This paper describes the phrase-based SMT systems developed for our participation in the WMT12 Shared Translation Task. Translations for English↔German and English↔French were generated using a phrase-based translation system which is extended by additional models such as bilingual, fine-grained part-of-speech (POS) and automatic cluster language models and discriminative word lexica. In addition, we explicitly handle out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words in German, if we have translations for other morphological forms of the same stem. Furthermore, we extended the POS-based reordering approach to also use information from syntactic trees.
Exploring the Power of Visual Features for Recommendation of Movies

In this paper, we explore the potential of using visual features in movie Recommender Systems. This type of content features can be extracted automatically without any human involvement and have been shown to be very effective in representing the visual content of movies. We have performed the following experiments, using a large dataset of movie trailers: (i) Experiment A: an exploratory analysis as an initial investigation on the data, and (ii) Experiment B: building a movie recommender based on the visual features and evaluating the performance. The observed results have shown promising potential of visual features in representing the movies and the excellency of recommendation based on these features
SECURE MULTIPARTY COMPUTATION

A function is private if there exists a protocol that is secure; that is, no party can learn any additional information about the other parties’ inputs other than what follows from their own input and the function’s output. Previous studies have investigated multi-party computation with broadcast communication, but broadcast communication does not fully capture all secure multiparty protocols. We investigate secure multiparty computation with point to point communication in order to capture these protocols not captured by broadcasting. We present a secure three party protocol that computes an ordered product on a non-abelian group. We also begin a characterization of functions that can be securely computed for four or more parties. We present a proof that shows if four or more parties want to compute an ordered group product, then that group must be abelian.
Contextually Plausible and Diverse 3D Human Motion Prediction (Supplementary Material)

Our motion prediction model follows the architecture depicted in Fig. 3 of the main paper. Below, we describe the architecture of each component in our model. Note that human poses, consisting of 32 joints in case of the Human3.6M dataset, are represented in 4D quaternion space. Thus, each pose at each time-step is represented with a vector of size 1 × 128. All the tensor sizes described below ignore the mini-batch dimension for simplicity. The observed motion encoder, or CS-VAE motion encoder, is a single layer GRU [1] network with 1024 hidden units. If the observation sequence has length Tobs, the observed motion encoder maps Tobs×128 into a single hidden representation of size 1× 1024, i.e., the hidden state of the last time-step. This hidden state, ht, acts as the condition to the LCP-VAE encoder and the direct input to the CS-VAE encoder. CS-VAE, similarly to any variational autoencoder, has an encoder and a decoder. The CS-VAE encoder is a fullyconnected network with ReLU non-linearities, mapping the hidden state of the motion encoder, i.e., ht, to an embedding of size 1×512. Then, to generate the mean and standard deviation vectors, we use two fully connected branches. They map the embedding of size 1× 512 to a mean vector of size 1 × 128 and a standard deviation vector of size 1 × 128, where 128 is the length of the latent variable. Note that we apply a ReLU non-linearity to the vector of standard deviations to ensure that it is non-negative. We then use the reparameterization trick [7] to sample a latent variable of size 1 × 128. The CS-VAE decoder consists of multiple fullyconnected layers, mapping the latent variable to a variable of size 1 × 1024, acting as the initial hidden state of the observed motion decoder. Note that we apply a Tanh nonlinearity to the generated hidden state to mimic the properties of a GRU hidden state. The observed motion decoder, or CS-VAE motion decoder, is similar to its motion encoder, except for the fact that it reconstructs the motion autoregressively. Additionally, it is initialized with the reconstructed hidden state, i.e.,
MULTI‐DOCUMENT SUMMARIZATION OF EVALUATIVE TEXT

In many decision‐making scenarios, people can benefit from knowing what other people's opinions are. As more and more evaluative documents are posted on the Web, summarizing these useful resources becomes a critical task for many organizations and individuals. This paper presents a framework for summarizing a corpus of evaluative documents about a single entity by a natural language summary. We propose two summarizers: an extractive summarizer and an abstractive one. As an additional contribution, we show how our abstractive summarizer can be modified to generate summaries tailored to a model of the user preferences that is solidly grounded in decision theory and can be effectively elicited from users. We have tested our framework in three user studies. In the first one, we compared the two summarizers. They performed equally well relative to each other quantitatively, while significantly outperforming a baseline standard approach to multidocument summarization. Trends in the results as well as qualitative comments from participants suggest that the summarizers have different strengths and weaknesses. After this initial user study, we realized that the diversity of opinions expressed in the corpus (i.e., its controversiality) might play a critical role in comparing abstraction versus extraction. To clearly pinpoint the role of controversiality, we ran a second user study in which we controlled for the degree of controversiality of the corpora that were summarized for the participants. The outcome of this study indicates that for evaluative text abstraction tends to be more effective than extraction, particularly when the corpus is controversial. In the third user study we assessed the effectiveness of our user tailoring strategy. The results of this experiment confirm that user tailored summaries are more informative than untailored ones.
Question Answering System

Question answering systems have become increasingly popular because they deliver users short, succinct answers instead of overloading them with a large number of irrelevant documents. Question Answering (QA) is a specialized form of information retrieval. Given a collection of documents, a Question Answering system attempts to retrieve the right answers to questions posed in natural language. In order for question answering systems to benefit from this vast store of useful knowledge, they must copy with large volumes of useless data. Question Answering systems (QA) uses natural language processing (NLP) techniques to process a question, then searches for the required information to identify the answer and presents the answer to the user. The Web is vastly larger in size and boasts incredible “data redundancy,” which renders it amenable to statistical techniques for answer extraction. The data-driven approach can yield high levels of performance and nicely complements traditional question answering techniques driven by information extraction. By organizing these resources and annotating them with natural language, we can successfully incorporate Web knowledge into question answering.
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE COLIBRÍES EN LA ZONA BAJA DEL CENTRO DE VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

Distribution of hummingbirds in the lowlands of central Veracruz, Mexico. - Knowl- edge of the distribution of a birds provide information on their natural history and guides actions with goals on conservation. The current distribution of hummingbirds in the lowlands of central Veracruz (< 1500 m above sea level) is poorly known. Recent publications (1995-1999) that show distribution maps indicate 14 hummingbird species inhabiting in the area. In this study, we show the distribution and relative abundance of 20 hummingbird species inhabiting 50 localities of this region of Mexico. Almost all the spe- cies had low relative abundance, i.e., less than five individuals registered. With this study we reconfirm the presence of eight species (Phaethornis longuemareus; Campylopterus curvipennis, Campylopterus hemileucurus, Cynan- thus latirostris, Hylocharis leucotis, Lampornis clemenciae, Tilmatura dupontii and Selasphorus platycercus) not reported for the area by the recent publications. We also predict the presence of 22 species inhabiting the area in the present days. Finally, we did not succeed in finding six previously reported species nor seven other species whose presence in the lowlands of central Veracruz was considered as possible. Our results show that the actual hummingbird distribution in central Veracruz is still not well known and further research is needed. Resumen. - La determinacion del area de distribucion de una especie de ave puede proporcionar datos valiosos sobre su historia natural y orientar acciones encaminadas a su conservacion. La distribucion actual de las especies de colibries en la parte baja (< 1500 m sobre nivel del mar) del centro de Veracruz no es conocida con exactitud. Publicaciones recientes (1995-1999) que presentan mapas de distribucion indican que 14 especies stan en el area. En este trabajo presentamos la distribucion y abundancia relativa de 20 especies de colibries en 50 localidades de esta parte de Mexico. La mayoria de las especies tuvieron una abundancia baja, i.e., menos de cinco individuos observados durante el estudio. Con los datos obtenidos, reconfirmamos la presencia en la zona de ocho especies (Phaethornis longuemareus; Campylopterus curvipennis, Campylopterus hemileucurus, Cynanthus latirostris, Hylocharis leucotis, Lampornis clemenciae, Tilmatura dupontii y Selas- phorus platycercus) que no habian sido mencionadas en el area por las publicaciones recientes. Ademas, pre- decimos la existencia actual de 22 especies. Finalmente, no encontramos seis especies reportadas previamente, ni otras siete posibles. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que es necesario realizar mas trabajo de campo antes de determinar con exactitud la distribucion de colibries en esta parte de Mexico. Aceptado el 22 de Diciembre de 2000.
TEHNOMUS-New Technologies and Products in Machine Manufacturing Technologies 221 NEW INSIGHTS CORRELATING ABSORPTION EDGE WITH MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SOME SEMI-ALICYCLIC POLYIMIDES Razvan

The present work presents the preparation of some novel semi-alicyclic polyimides based on epiclon and three aromatic diamines. The group contribution theory data reveal that the reduced polarizability provided by the alicyclic dianhydride moieties leads to polyimides with low refractive index, ranging from 1.64-1.72. The corresponding dielectric constants decrease from 2.97 to 2.71 as the polarization of the diamine part is lower. As the number of methylene groups in the diamine residue increases the transparency is enhanced, being of appreciatively 90%. The absorption edge energies, determined from by Tauc and Davis-Mott approach, can be correlated with structural and morphological heterogeneities. Magnitude of cantilever oscillation recorded during scanning provides complementary information to atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography, additional contrast of defect edges being clearly observed because control electronics does not respond instantaneously to the sharp changes in the
TEHNOMUS-New Technologies and Products in Machine Manufacturing Technologies

In this work we present Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements performed on board of a motor vehicle in Gorj County, Romania. The mobile DOAS system used is based on a UV-VIS spectrometer, a fiber optic, a telescope, a GPS system and a portable PC. The target trace gas is the nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The measurements were performed on July, 19 2013, in the area of two important industrial power plants located nearby Rovinari and Turceni city. The recorded spectra were analyzed with the QDOAS software to produce NO2 Differential Slant Column Densities (DSCDs). During our measurements, close to the power plants, very large amounts of NO2 (~1.2x10 molec./cm) were detected.
A Brief History of Filter Methods

Filter Methods and Optimization Software Introduction by the Editors Lúıs N. Vicente and Andreas Wächter . 1 A Brief History of Filter Methods Roger Fletcher, Sven Leyffer, and Philippe Toint . 2 NEOS Version 5 Jason Sarich . 12 DTOS — A Service for the Optimization Community Hans D. Mittelmann . 17
Heterogeneous Video Transcoder for H.264/AVC to HEVC

The new video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding, was developed to succeed the current standard, H.264/Advance Video Coding. However, there is a lot of legacy content encoded with H.264. So the new efficient method is proposed for transcoding the H.264 encoded video into high efficiency video coding format. In proposed method, two stages are implemented. In training stage, transcoding is done using SSD method and different coding parameters or features are extracted from incoming H.264. In transcoding stage, the best mode of outgoing coding unit partitions are decided by calculating threshold value and optimum weight using extracted features. Then it is evaluated by doing experiments on different videos. KeywordsCoding unit (CU), Energy of DCT coefficient, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Motion vector variance, Optimum weight vector, Thresholding, Video transcoding. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
1 26 F eb 2 00 4 A Theory of Concepts and Their Combinations II : A Hilbert Space Representation

The sets of contexts and properties of a concept are embedded in the complex Hilbert space of quantum mechanics. States are unit vectors or density operators, and contexts and properties are orthogonal projections. The way calculations are done in Hilbert space makes it possible to model how context influences the state of a concept. Moreover, a solution to the combination of concepts is proposed. Using the tensor product, a procedure for describing combined concepts is elaborated, providing a natural solution to the pet fish problem. This procedure allows the modeling of an arbitrary number of combined concepts. By way of example, a model for a simple sentence containing a subject, a predicate and an object, is presented.
Gravimetric geoid modeling in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia (NGM17) using KTH method

In this study, a new geoid model for the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia (NGM17) was computed using an alternative method known as the Least Squares Modification of Stokes formula (LSMS) with Additive Corrections (AC) or commonly called the KTH method. The NGM17 geoid was derived from the recent terrestrial gravity data provided by Department of Surveying and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM), the most recent global digital elevation model ALOS World 3D (AW3D-30) GDEM, global geopotential model (GGM) derived from three satellite gravity missions, marine gravity anomalies extracted from DTU 10 Global Gravity Field and WGM2012 Earth’s gravity anomalies. The gravimetric geoid model derived in this study (NGM17) as well as the geoid obtained from DSMM were then evaluated against the GNSS-levelling data. The statistical analysis obtained shows that NGM17 gives slightly better accuracy with the mean error of NGM17 and DSMM geoid model were 0.2568m and 1.1648m respectively, and the RMSE of ±0.2686m and ±1.1656m respectively.
Automatic Design of High-Sensitivity Color Filter Arrays With Panchromatic Pixels

In most of existing digital cameras, color images have to be reconstructed from raw images which only have one color sensed at each pixel, as their imaging sensors are covered by color filter arrays (CFAs). At each pixel a CFA usually allows only a portion of the light spectrum to pass through and thereby reduces the light sensitivity of pixels. To address this issue, previous works have explored adding panchromatic pixels into CFAs. However, almost all existing methods assign panchromatic pixels empirically, making the designed CFAs prone to aliasing artifacts. In this paper, based on a mathematical model we propose a fully automatic approach to designing high-sensitivity CFAs using panchromatic pixels. By the frequency structure representation of CFAs, we formulate high-sensitivity CFA design as a continuous multi-objective optimization problem, where robustness to aliasing artifacts and percentage of panchromatic pixels are simultaneously maximized. We analyze the characteristics of our new formulation. According to the analysis, we develop a new method to propose frequency structure candidates, which can produce CFAs that reach a desired percentage of panchromatic pixels. Then for each candidate, we optimize parameters to obtain the final CFA, which is an appropriately balanced solution to the multi-objective optimization problem. We formulate the two design procedures as constrained optimization problems and solve them using the alternating direction method (ADM). Extensive experiments confirm the advantage of the proposed method in both low-light and normal-light conditions.
Adaptive Distributed Gateway Discovery in Hybrid Wireless Networks

An ever-growing demand for coverage extension, higher data-rates and improved connectivity has motivated the interconnection of mobile ad-hoc networks to fixed IP networks, to form a Hybrid Wireless Network (HWN). The convergence of ad- hoc and infrastructure network is also attractive in real-world scenarios due to its practicality and usefulness. In HWNs, gateways are generally used as an interconnection point for the integrated network. In order to improve the overall performance of HWN, an efficient gateway discovery and route maintenance scheme is indispensable. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive gateway discovery scheme called ADD (Adaptive Distributed gateway Discovery), in which the adaptation is done in a fully distributed manner. Simulation results show that the distributed adaptation capabilities of our proposed scheme facilitate outperforming the existing gateway discovery mechanisms in terms of control overhead, packet delivery and delay.