Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a conspiracy of disease, suboptimal therapy and attitude.

Glycaemia in type 2 diabetes is difficult to manage long‐term, and despite a wealth of epidemiological evidence, there continued to be doubts, until recently, as to whether intensive glucose control was beneficial. The publication of robust prospective evidence from the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study1 in September 1998 marked a seminal change. In type 2 diabetes, there was extensive epidemiological data suggesting that complications were linked to glycaemic exposure,2 but the UGDP (University Group Diabetes Program)3 trial had raised doubts about the safety of sulphonylureas in reducing plasma glucose. The DCCT4 showed in 1993 that tight glycaemic control reduced microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes. The UKPDS provided evidence that tight control was beneficial in type 2 diabetes: patients in an intensively treated group achieved a median HbA1c of 7.0% at 10 years compared to 7.9% in those in a conventionally treated group. This improvement in glycaemic control was associated with a 12% reduction in any diabetes end‐points ( p =0.029) and a 25% reduction in microvascular end‐points ( p =0.0099). 1 However the achieved HbA1c values of the trial were neither the aim of the trial, nor the best glycaemic control that could be achieved, because one of the aims was to address the question of the efficacy and safety of monotherapies. Thus the protocol required, in those randomized to sulphonylurea therapy, that, once the maximum dose was reached, the fasting plasma glucose could rise to 15 mmol/l or to the advent of symptoms before additional pharmacological agents were introduced. The epidemiology analysis of the UKPDS suggested that there was no discernible threshold for the improved outcome with lower glycaemia. However, in clinical practice optimal glycaemic control is difficult to obtain. Prospective randomized studies have achieved median HbA1c levels of 7.1%5 and 7.0% in intensively treated patients, …
Creating Dynamic Wiki Pages with Section-Tagging

Authoring and editing processes in wiki systems are often tedious. Sheer amount of information makes it difficult for authors to organize the related information in a way that is easily accessible and retrievable for future reference. Social bookmarking systems provide possibilities to tag and organize related resources that can be later retrieved by navigating in so-called tag clouds. Usually, tagging systems do not offer a possibility to tag sections of resources but only a resource as a whole. However, authors of new wiki pages are typically interested only in certain parts of other wiki pages that are related to their current editing process. This paper describes a new approach applied in a wiki-based online encyclopedia that allows authors to tag interesting wiki pages sections. The tags are then used to dynamically create new wiki pages out of tagged sections for further editing.
IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION OF GRADE XI STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 4 PALU THROUGH KWL STRATEGY

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategi KWL dapat memperbaiki pemahaman membaca siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 4 Palu dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan strategi ini dalam mengaktifkan dan memotivasi siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi-eksperimental dengan nonequivalent pretest-posttest kelompok kontrol sebagai desainnya. Sampel dari penelitian ini dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Peneliti memilih kelas XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI MIA 1 sebagai kelas control. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi, kuesionner, dan test. Data dianalisa menggunakan statistik uji-t dan metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil test, ditemukan bahwa nilai t- counted (2.08) lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai t- table (1.998). Nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas control meningkat dari 68.9 menjadi 80.5 setelah mendapatkan perlakuan. Selanjutnya, penerapan strategi KWL juga secara signifikan mengaktifkan dan memotivasi siswa di dalam kelas. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil dari observasi dan kuestionner. Setelah menganalisa kuestionner secara statistik, ditemukan bahwa nilai t- counted (2.85) lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai t- table (2.042 dan nilai rata-rata motivasi siswa meningkat dari 31.88 menjadi 33.05. Selanjutnya, hasil dari observasi menunjukkan bahwa sembilan puluh empat persen (94%)siswa berpartisipasi secara aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil test, kuesionner, dan observasi, ditemukan bahwa hipotesa alternatif (Ha) diterima dan hipotesa nol (H o ) ditolak. Dengan kata lain; (1) Penerapan strategi KWL secara signifikan memperbaiki pemahaman membaca siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 4 Palu, dan (2) Penerapan strategi KWL secara signifikan mengaktifkan dan memotivasi siswa di dalam kelas.
Ja n 20 07 SHOCKS AND COLD FRONTS IN GALAXY CLUSTERS

The currently operating X-ray imaging observatories provi de us with an exquisitely detailed view of the Megaparsec-scale plasma atmospheres in n earby galaxy clusters. At z< 0.05, theChandra’s 1 angular resolution corresponds to linear resolution of les s than a kiloparsec, which is smaller than some interesting linear sc les in the intracluster plasma. This enables us to study the previously unseen hydrodynamic phenomena in clusters: classic bow shocks driven by the infalling subclusters, and the u nanticipated “cold fronts,” or sharp contact discontinuities between regions of gas with d ifferent entropies. The ubiquitous cold fronts are found in mergers as well as around the c entral density peaks in “relaxed” clusters. They are caused by motion of cool, dense gas clouds in the ambient higher-entropy gas. These clouds are either remnants of the infalling subclusters, or the displaced gas from the cluster’s own cool cores. Both shock fronts and cold fronts provide novel tools to stud y the intracluster plasma on microscopic and cluster-wide scales, where the dark matt er gravity, thermal pressure, magnetic fields, and ultrarelativistic particles are at pla y. In particular, these discontinuities provide the only way to measure the gas bulk velocities in the plane of the sky. The observed temperature jumps at cold fronts require that therma l conduction across the fronts is strongly suppressed. Furthermore, the width of the densi ty jump in the best-studied cold front is smaller than the Coulomb mean free path for the plasm a particles. These findings show that transport processes in the intracluster plasma ca n easily be suppressed. Cold fronts also appear less prone to hydrodynamic instabilitie s than expected, hinting at the formation of a parallel magnetic field layer via magnetic dra ping. This may make it difficult to mix different gas phases during a merger. A sharp elec tron temperature jump across the best-studied shock front has shown that the electron-pr ton equilibration timescale is much shorter than the collisional timescale; a faster mecha nism has to be present. To our knowledge, this test is the first of its kind for any astrophys ical plasma. We attempt a systematic review of these and other results obtained so far (ex perimental and numerical), and mention some avenues for further studies.
HILBERT SCHEMES OF POINTS ON SURFACES AND HEISENBERG

In this article, we throw a bridge between two objects which are unrelated at rst sight. One is the in nite dimensional Heisenberg algebra (simply the Heisenberg algebra, later) which plays a fundamental role in the representation theory of the a ne Lie algebras. The other is the Hilbert schemes of points on a complex surface appearing in the algebraic geometry. As we will explain soon, the Heisenberg algebra has a representation, called the Fock space representation, on the polynomial ring of in nitely many variables. The degrees of polynomials, where variables have di erent degrees, give a direct sum decomposition of the representation (weight space decomposition). On the other hand, the Hilbert scheme of points decomposes into in nitely many connected components according to the number of points. Gottsche [7] computed Betti numbers of the Hilbert scheme. His result says that the sum of the Betti number of the Hilbert scheme of n-points is equal to the dimension of the subspace of the Fock space representation of degree n. If we consider the generating function of the Poincar e polynomials moving number of points, we get the character of the Fock space representation of the Heisenberg algebra. Inspired by this coincidence and the S-duality conjecture by physists Vafa and Witten [22], the author gives an `understanding' of Gottsche's formula, constructing a Heisenberg algebra representation on the homology group of the Hilbert scheme [16]. Special features of this construction are 1) the Heisenberg algebra acts on the homology group, not on the Hilbert scheme itself, and 2) probably more importantly, the action is de ned only after we consider all the components of the Hilbert scheme simultaneously. The construction is very di erent from the representation obtained from an action on a space, like the Borel-Weil theory. We will not discuss the relation between the author's work and the S-duality conjecture in detail. We just explain brie y. The interested reader should see [17]. Both the author's work and the S-duality conjecture have relationship to the theory of modular forms. The character of the Fock space representation of the Heisenberg algebra, or more generally integrable highest weight representations of a ne Lie algebras are known to have modular invariance as proved by KacPeterson[11]. And this phenomenon is naturally `explained' through their relation to partition functions of the conformal eld theory on a torus. In this way, the a ne Lie algebra have close relation to the conformal eld theory [20]. So they are usually understood as a real 2-dimensional = complex 1-dimensional objects. But the author's work shows that the Hilbert schemes on a surface, a complex 2-dimensional = real 4-dimensional object also relates to a ne Lie algebras, and hence the modular invariance property. Vafa-Witten derived, as a consequence of
Principal Gabor filters for face recognition

Gabor filters have proven themselves to be a powerful tool for facial feature extraction. An abundance of recognition techniques presented in the literature exploits these filters to achieve robust face recognition. However, while exhibiting desirable properties, such as orientational selectivity or spatial locality, Gabor filters have also some shortcomings which crucially affect the characteristics and size of the Gabor representation of a given face pattern. Amongst these shortcomings the fact that the filters are not orthogonal one to another and are, hence, correlated is probably the most important. This makes the information contained in the Gabor face representation redundant and also affects the size of the representation. To overcome this problem we propose in this paper to employ orthonormal linear combinations of the original Gabor filters rather than the filters themselves for deriving the Gabor face representation. The filters, named principal Gabor filters for the fact that they are computed by means of principal component analysis, are assessed in face recognition experiments performed on the XM2VTS and YaleB databases, where encouraging results are achieved.
Ethnobotany and on farm conservation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in small scale agriculture in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

The present study inves gates the role of tradi onal community Luzia (CL) and the rural se lement “Banco da Terra” (BT) (Mato Grosso State, Brazil) in on farm conserva on of cassava, through socioeconomic census, ethnobotanical survey, iden fi ca on of local varie es and par cipant observa on. In CL was found higher ethnobotanical knowledge, although BT has presented a higher income (39 BT and 30 CL) and diversity (H’ = 3.24 BT and 3.01 CL). The low similarity between collec ons reveal the complementarity of areas in the on farm maintenance of the agrobiodiversity.
An ontological approach for SQL query expansion

The semantic poverty of traditional database management systems prevents them from satisfying the increasing needs of users. With the advent of ontologies, an important progress has been done with the explicit representation of data semantics with data. In this paper, we are interested in the use of domain ontologies as a semantic enrichment for traditional databases. Our first aim is to help the user in his search when his initial query doesn't return any result. So, we propose an ontological approach for SQL query expansion based on different refinement types. Our approach is described by a generic algorithm that can be used with any traditional database.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Geldanamycin and Its Derivatives in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells

Geldanamycin (1) had been isolated as a major compound from Streptomyces zerumbet W14; an endophyte of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith. Two new geldanamycin derivatives; 17-(tryptamine)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (2) and 17-(5’-methoxytryptamine)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (3) were synthe- sized and their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells by investigating their effects on the inhibition of production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. The data obtained were consistent with the modulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 production by these derivatives at concentration of 1 to 5 μg/ml. A similar effect was also observed when LPS-induced NO release and PGE2 production were tested. The inhibitory effects were shown in concentration-dependent manners. From the obtained results, it was concluded that two new gelda- namycin derivatives possess anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. They could be useful for the management of inflammatory diseases.
Ad Hoc Networking

Ad hoc networks are to computing devices what Yahoo Personals are to single people: both help individuals communicate productively with strangers while maintaining security. Under the rules of ad hoc networking--which continue to evolve--your mobile phone can, when placed in proximity to your handheld address book, establish a little network on its own and enable data sharing between the two devices. In Ad Hoc Networking, Charles Perkins has compiled a series of technical papers about networking on the fly from a variety of laboratories and experts. The collection explains the latest thinking on how mobile devices can best discover, identify, and communicate with other devices in the vicinity. In this treatment, ad hoc networking covers a broad swath of situations. An ad hoc network might consist of several home-computing devices, plus a notebook computer that must exist on home and office networks without extra administrative work. Such a network might also need to exist when the people and equipment in normally unrelated military units need to work together in combat. Though the papers in this book are much more descriptive of protocols and algorithms than of their implementations, they aim individually and collectively at commercialization and popularization of mobile devices that make use of ad hoc networking. You'll enjoy this book if you're involved in researching or implementing ad hoc networking capabilities for mobile devices. --David Wall Topics covered: The state-of-the-art in protocols and algorithms to be used in ad hoc networks of mobile devices that move in and out of proximity to one another, to fixed resources like printers, and to Internet connectivity. Routing with Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and other resource-discovery and routing protocols; the effects of ad hoc networking on bandwidth consumption; and battery life.
Adaptation to High Altitude Sequencing of 50 Human Exomes Reveals

clicking here colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others . here following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles (this information is current as of July 30, 2010 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag. org http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/329/5987/75 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/329/5987/75/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/329/5987/75#otherarticles , 11 of which can be accessed for free: cites 25 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/329/5987/75#otherarticles 1 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/genetics Genetics : subject collections This article appears in the following
Drug-induced tubulo-interstitial nephritis secondary to proton pump inhibitors: experience from a single UK renal unit.

BACKGROUND Acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis (TIN) is an important cause of acute renal failure, and is often caused by hypersensitivity to drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the aetiology of interstitial nephritis among an unselected cohort of patients, and to identify those drugs commonly implicated. METHODS A single-centre retrospective analysis was carried out of renal biopsy results from 296 consecutive patients between 1995 and 1999. RESULTS Acute TIN was identified in 24 (8.1%) biopsies. Eight out of 14 cases with presumed drug-related TIN could be attributed to the proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and lansoprazole. The two cases of lansoprazole-associated TIN are the first to be reported with this drug. The presentation and favourable response to treatment of these patients are described. CONCLUSION Drugs are the most common cause of interstitial nephritis in the population studied. Those drugs most commonly associated with interstitial nephritis were the proton pump inhibitors omeprazole and lansoprazole.
Reducing the Sparsity of Contextual Information for Recommendation

In order to make recommendation more precise in various systems we focus on contextual information as another aspect of information space. A context could be used for estimation of item relevance which are subject to further recommendation. However, it is often not trivial to obtain information on context. Users are not willing to share this information (socio-demographic, location) or we simply have no possibilities to collect it (mental condition or physical health). We proposed a method of context inference by analyzing information which is available for individual users. We use techniques of machine learning and evaluate results in real environment with information gathered by monitoring real users in several domains (news reading, social network, movie ratings).
The Economic Consequences of the Size of Nations: Denmark in Comparative Perspective

Queen Gertrude advised her son to “cast thy knighted colour off / and let thine eye shine like a friend on Denmark. ” We do not have Hamlet’s problems, find little that is rotten in the state of Denmark, and certainly regard ourselves as friends of the country. This is scarcely surprising: we have now spent large chunks of our lives in Copenhagen and have accordingly been drawn ever more into understanding the political economy and culture of Denmark, seen in comparative and historical terms. Explaining the research journey that we have taken and have yet to complete is an idiosyncratic way of addressing the title of this chapter, and we hope that it will prove to be illuminating.
X-MIFS: Exact Mutual Information for feature selection

In machine learning, an information-theory optimal way to filter the best input features, without reference to any specific machine learning models, consists of maximizing the mutual information between the selected features and the model output, a choice which will minimize the uncertainty in the output to be predicted, given the feature values. Although this criterion is optimal in the context of information theory, a practical difficulty in using it lies in the need to estimate the mutual information from a limited set of input-output examples, in possibly very-high-dimensional input spaces. Estimating probability densities from some data points in these conditions is far from trivial. Starting from the seminal proposals in [1], different approaches focus on approximating the mutual information by considering a limited set of variable dependencies (like dependencies among couples or triplets), or by assuming specific forms for the probability densities (like Gaussian forms). In this paper we study the effect of considering the exact mutual information between selected features and output, without resorting to any approximation (apart from that implicit and unavoidable in estimating it from experimental data). The objectives of this investigation are: to assess how far one can go by adopting the exact mutual information in terms of CPU time and number of features, and to measure what is lost by adopting some popular approximations which consider only relationships among small subsets of features, assumptions about the distribution of feature values (e.g. Gaussian) or upper bounds on the mutual information as proxies to maximize instead of the exact value. The experimental results show a significant performance advantage when the feature sets identified by exact mutual information are used in both binary and multi-valued classification tasks, with longer CPU times.
A generic proxy system for networked computer games

In this work-in-progress report we present the general outline of a research project which aims at providing proxy support for networked computer games. The problems of both client-server and fully replicated architectures are discussed and we reason that employing proxy technology, which has been successfully used for other networked applications, is advantageous for this class of applications as well. In particular we describe how a proxy system for networked computer games can help with providing congestion control, achieving robustness, minimizing the impact of network delay and providing fairness.
Edge Detection for Dental X-ray Image Segmentation using Neural Network approach

In the Digital Image Processing, edge detection playing a vital role. An edge is the boundary between an object and the background, and indicates the boundary between overlapping objects. Artificial Neural Network, inspired by the way of biological nervous systems such as human brains process information and it is an information processing system which contains a large number of highly interconnected processing neurons. These neurons work together in a distributed manner to learn from the input information, to coordinate internal processing, and to optimize its final output. In this paper, the main aim is to study the theory of edge detection for dental x-ray image segmentation using a neural network approach. Keywordsedge detection, image segmentation, neural network, dental x-ray image.
On the viewing angle to broad-lined radio galaxies

We address the nature of broad-lined radio galaxies, in particular their radio axis orientation, using new, matched resolution, dual frequency radio observations of a sample of twelve nearby broad-lined extragalactic 3C objects. Radio spectral index and depolarisation asymmetries indicate that these objects have a preferred orientation with respect to the observer. In addition, the spectral asymmetries are suggestive of lower Doppler factors in the broad-lined radio galaxies when compared to 3C quasars. This is in agreement with their optical properties, and leads to the conclusion that some objects are lower powered versions - at similar lines of sight - of the more distant quasars, whereas others are at larger angles to the line of sight.