Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viral Glycosphingolipids Induce Lytic Infection and Cell Death in Marine Phytoplankton

, 861 (2009); 326 Science et al. Assaf Vardi, Cell Death in Marine Phytoplankton Viral Glycosphingolipids Induce Lytic Infection and www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of November 5, 2009 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/326/5954/861 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/326/5954/861/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/326/5954/861#otherarticles , 9 of which can be accessed for free: cites 27 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/virology Virology http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/oceans Oceanography : subject collections This article appears in the following
Abnormal clearance of postprandial Sf 100-400 plasma lipoproteins in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Studies were carried out in three normolipidemic non-obese men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and three normal men, to assess whether the clearance of postprandial Sf 100-400 lipoproteins is decreased in IDDM. Sf greater than 100 lipoproteins isolated from plasma 4.5 h after fat ingestion were labeled with 125I and injected into the same subject intravenously. ApoB radioactivity was measured over time in Sf greater than 400, Sf 100-400, and Sf 20-100 lipoproteins isolated from plasma and analyzed using a kinetic model that included both fast and slow delipidation cascades, where lipolysis and uptake of particles by the liver and other tissues were represented. Fractional catabolic rates of Sf 100-400 lipoproteins (min-1) were decreased in diabetic versus control subjects: fast = 0.170 +/- 0.126 versus 0.680 +/- 0.242 (mean +/- SD) (P less than 0.05, two-tailed) and slow = 0.011 +/- 0.006 versus 0.031 +/- 0.015 (P less than 0.05, one-tailed). Kinetic analysis showed that the data were consistent with decreased uptake by the tissues for the fast cascade (diabetic, 0.084 +/- 0.082, vs. control, 0.617 +/- 0.328, P less than 0.05, one-tailed). A similar trend was observed for the slow cascade. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the intraplasma lipolysis rates of Sf 100-400 particles. Analysis of the composition of the injected particles showed that they were total cholesterol (TC)- versus triglyceride (TG)-enriched (P less than 0.001, log-ratio analysis of composition) in IDDM subjects. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complex Event Detection for Long Process

The traditional CED (Complex Event Detection) methods were achieved in memory by creating a data structure. But the memory will become a choke-point for the huge data structure when orienting long process and numerous data. So large amounts of data must be stored in external memory, and transferred to memory when needed. In this paper, we present TSH (Hash by object ID based on time slice model) storage strategy and instance map structure to ensure small I/O cost when transferring instances needed to memory. In addition, we also propose an incremental method to accelerate the matching process. Finally, the validity of the methods presented in this paper is proved by experiments on simulated data sets.
Distributional effects of environmental meat taxes in Sweden- Can the poor still eat meat?

This paper looks at the distributional effect of an environmental tax on meat in Sweden, if such a tax was to be introduced. Welfare effects are measured as Compensation Variation (CV) for multiple price changes where Hicksian cross price elasticities, household expenditures and price changes are used in the calculations. Results show that taxes on meat are neutral over households when expenditures on meat are used as welfare indicators, and regressive if income is used. This can be explained as households use similar shares of total expenditures on meat. The households with the smallest income levels need to be compensated with 950 SEK per person and year to feel that utility is not lowered if taxes on meat are introduced, and the households with the highest income levels need to be compensated with 1176 SEK per person and year. This corresponds to 0.78% and 0.80% of total expenditures for the groups respectively. Compared to income levels this is 1.04% for the households with the smallest income levels and 0.52% for the households with the largest income.
An Anonymous Attestation Scheme of TPM

In this paper, a new trusted platform module (TPM) anonymous authentication scheme is presented, by adding a ring administrator the members of the ring can be ensured that they are the legitimacy TPMs, the safety of the scheme is based on the DDH assumption and strong one-way function, it has shorter public parameters and it is be suitable for engineering.
How to Design a Contingent Convertible Debt Requirement that Helps Solve Our Too‐Big‐To‐Fail Problem

As bank regulatory reform tries to come to grips with the lessons of the financial crisis, several experts have proposed that some form of contingent convertible debt (CoCo) requirement be added to the prudential regulatory toolkit. In this article, the authors show how properly designed CoCos can be used not just to absorb losses, but more importantly to encourage banks to recognize losses and replace lost equity in a timely way, as well as to manage risk more effectively. Their proposed CoCos requirement strengthens management's incentives to promptly replace lost capital and enhance risk management by imposing major costs on the managers and existing shareholders of banks that fail to do so. Key elements of the proposal are that conversion of the CoCos into equity would be (1) triggered at a high trigger ratio of equity to assets (long before the bank is near an insolvency point), (2) determined by a market trigger (using a 90‐day moving average market equity ratio) rather than by supervisory discretion, and (3) significantly dilutive to shareholders. The only clear way for bank managements to avoid such dilution would be to issue equity into the market. Under most circumstances — barring an extremely rapid plunge of a bank's financial condition — management should be able and eager to replace lost capital in a timely way; as a result, dilutive conversions should almost never occur. Banks would face strong incentives to maintain high ratios of true economic capital relative to risky assets, and to manage their risks effectively. This implies that “too-big‐to-fail” financial institutions would not be permitted to approach the point of insolvency; they would face strong incentives to recapitalize long before that point. And if they should fail to issue new equity in a timely manner, the CoCos conversion would provide an alternative means of recapitalizing banks well before they reach the brink of insolvency. Thus, a CoCos requirement would go a long way to resolving the “too-big-to‐fail” problem. Such a CoCos requirement would not only increase the effectiveness of regulation, but also reduce its cost. It would be less costly for banks to raise CoCos than equity, reflecting both the lower adverse selection costs of CoCos issuance and the potential tax advantages of debt. And precisely because of the low probability of CoCo conversion, the Cocos would be issued at relatively modest (if any) discounts to otherwise comparable but straight subordinated debt. Thus requiring a mix of equity and appropriately designed CoCos would be less costly to banks, and would entail less of a reduction in the supply of loans than would a much higher book equity requirement alone.
Neural Network Based Memory Access Prediction Support for SoC Dynamic Reconfiguration

The introduction of embedded processors into field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) allows the implementation of a new type of systems on chip (SOC) designs which are the hardware/software designs programmable systems. Such embedded systems are usually running under hard real time constraints. Hardware and software components included in such systems exhibit variability and therefore affect execution time. The major reason of this variability in the software components is the cache miss operation. Indeed, a cache memory access from an embedded microprocessor might result in a cache hit if the data is available or a cache miss so the data need to be fetched with an additional delay from an external memory. It is therefore highly desirable to predict future memory accesses during execution in order to appropriately evaluate the design performance. The prediction of all component's design performances allow us to implement an efficient management strategy based on dynamic reconfigurable devices. In this paper, we also evaluate the potential of several artificial neural networks for the prediction of instruction memory addresses allocated by an embedded processor. Neural networks have the potential to solve the non-linear behavior observed in memory accesses during program execution. However, embedded processors execute millions of instructions and therefore millions of addresses to be predicted. This very challenging problem of neural network based prediction of large time series is approached in this paper by evaluating various neural network architectures based on the recurrent neural network paradigm with pre-processing stage based on the self organizing map (SOM) classification technique.
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle responses to KCl under normoxic and hypoxic conditions studied by means of a spatial network model

We study contractile responses and Ca2+ signalization in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Experimental results indicate that the contraction responses to KCl under normoxic conditions are not affected by the contribution of gap junction blockers. On the other side, under hypoxic condition, where the contraction occurs at lower concentrations of KCl, the application of gap junction blockers suppresses the hypersensitive response. In order to provide a theoretical explanation for the observed phenomenon we develop a network model of the pulmonary artery. Our results indicate that in tissues from normoxic rats the cells are connected in an efficient network that has features of a complex network, whereas the cells in tissues from hypoxic animals form a network similar to a random geometric network. Apparently, the morphological changes of the pulmonary vasculature that are induced by hypoxic conditions also entail modifications in the topology of intercellular communication pathways.
Proposed Model For Virtual Labs Interaction With Openstack Integration Using KVM Hypervisor

: Over the last few years, the use of the simulation technologies and the internet in education industry has become wide spread. A Virtual Lab is definitely a large-scale solution to a large-scale problem. Its implementation being very intense, but the benefits of Virtualization Technology greatly facilitates the provisioning of accessibility to Adaptive Learning software. Bearing the expenses to purchase the individual software‘s is not feasible for students, institutions, or the state itself. Cloud VLAB, or simply said a Virtual Laboratory; server-side licensing is taken care of, as software licenses are scalable and costs much less. Cloud computing paradigm promises to deliver the desired hardware to the end user at a low cost with an exceptionally easy to use interface through the commonly available internet. This paper outlines an effort at the Amity University, to deploy a hybrid Infrastructure as a Cloud Service, so as to enhance the student learning and experimenting experience. This paper covers the deployment methods and configurations implemented for OpenStack along with security provisions to deliver the desired computer hardware. The rationale behind the provisions of virtual hardware and the operating system configurations have been defined in great detail supported by examples. This paper also covers how the resources have been used within the taught courses as a Virtual Lab, and in the research projects. The authors also added the Service offering on to the IaaS cloud. The reason behind choosing OpenStack and KVM hypervisor is that both are open source and right now one of the market leaders for cloud computing.This development has led to the student‘s freedom to enhance their practical knowledge.
Essays on incentives and risk-taking in the fund industry

The first paper of this thesis uses a unique data set to assess the determinants of inflows and outflows in the fund industry. The higher frequency of the data allows to examine whether recent past performance affects the flow-performance relation. I find that the latter is concave for the worst-performing funds and convex for the best-performing funds. This is in stark contrast to previous studies in the literature that document a strict convex relationship. The disaggregation by inflows and outflows further indicates that the concavity is mainly due to outflows, which react much quicker to bad performance than previously assumed, whereas the convexity is driven by inflows. Finally, I also compare how the type of client affects the flow- performance relationship. I show that investors deemed less sophisticated care more about short-term performance than other investors, and more about raw returns than risk-adjusted returns. The second paper investigates how funds shift risk as a function of past performance. In contrast to the literature, I manage to disentangle the implicit incentive generated by the flow-performance relationship from the direct incentive generated by the portfolio manager remuneration contract. Identification is only possible because I focus on funds that pay bonus every six months instead of every year. I show not only that contracts have an asymmetric effect on risk, but also that the tournament within the fund family is the main driver of risk shifting. This is consistent with families actively engaging in the tournament by transferring not only performance, as suggested by the literature, but also risk from their worst- to their best-performing funds. The last paper is joint with Pedro A. Saffi and uses a data set of Brazilian hedge funds holdings to examine the impact of long and short positions on performance. In particular, we test if changes in long/short positions and their risk can forecast future performance. While we find that funds with large increases in the risk of long-only positions risk relative to the previous 24 months underperform by about 3% per year on average, those that increase the risk of short-only positions overperform their peers by about 1% a year on average, net of fees. Neither monthly changes of long nor short positions can forecast next month’s abnormal returns.
Knot theory from Vandermonde to Jones

Leibniz wrote in 1679: “I consider that we need yet another kind of analysis, which deals directly with position. ” He called it “geometry of position”(geometria situs). The first convincing example of geometria situs was Euler’s solution to the bridges of Königsberg problem (1735). The first mathematical paper which mentions knots was written by A. T. Vandermonde in 1771: “Remarques sur les problemes de situation”. We will sketch in this essay 1 the history of knot theory from Vandermonde to Jones stressing the combinatorial aspect of the theory that is so visible in Jones type invariants. “When Alexander reached Gordium, he was seized with a longing to ascend to the acropolis, where the palace of Gordius and his son Midas was situated, and to see Gordius’ wagon and the knot of the wagon’s yoke . Over and above this there was a legend about the wagon, that anyone who untied the knot of the yoke would rule Asia. The knot was of cornel bark, and you could not see where it began or ended. Alexander was unable to find how to untie the knot but unwilling to leave it tied, in case this caused a disturbance among the masses; some say that he struck it with his sword, cut the knot, and said it was now untied but Aristobulus says that he took out the pole-pin, a bolt driven right through the pole, holding the knot together, and so removed the yoke from the pole. I cannot say with confidence what Alexander actually did about this knot, but he and his suite certainly left the wagon with the impression that the oracle about the undoing of the knot had been fulfilled, and in fact that night there was thunder and lightning, a further sign from heaven; so Alexander in thanksgiving offered sacrifice next day to whatever gods had shown the signs and the way to undo the knot. ” [Lucius Flavius Arrianus, Anabasis Alexandri, Book II, c.150 A.D. ] 1This essay is an extended version of talks given at U.C. Riverside (April 18, 1991), at the Mexican National Congress of Mathematicians (November 1991) [93], and at the Minisemester on Knot Theory at Banach Center (July 18, 1995).
Behavior Control Based on Dynamic Code Translation

When analyzing the behaviors of an existing binary code, it is difficult because need to learn about special technologies. Moreover, static analysis is also difficult to detect the malicious behaviors if codes are encrypted by themselves. In this paper, we propose the method of dynamic change of program behavior, and avoid executing malicious codes intentionally. In order to make it possible, we plan to generalize it to separate dynamic analysis codes from dynamic analysis technologies as reusable programming approach.
Exercising Tactically for Taming Postmeal Glucose Surges

This review seeks to synthesize data on the timing, intensity, and duration of exercise found scattered over some 39 studies spanning 3+ decades into optimal exercise conditions for controlling postmeal glucose surges. The results show that a light aerobic exercise for 60 min or moderate activity for 20–30 min starting 30 min after meal can efficiently blunt the glucose surge, with minimal risk of hypoglycemia. Exercising at other times could lead to glucose elevation caused by counterregulation. Adding a short bout of resistance exercise of moderate intensity (60%–80% VO2max) to the aerobic activity, 2 or 3 times a week as recommended by the current guidelines, may also help with the lowering of glucose surges. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise (>80% VO2max) causes wide glucose fluctuations and its feasibility and efficacy for glucose regulation remain to be ascertained. Promoting the kind of physical activity that best counters postmeal hyperglycemia is crucial because hundreds of millions of diabetes patients living in developing countries and in the pockets of poverty in the West must do without medicines, supplies, and special diets. Physical activity is the one tool they may readily utilize to tame postmeal glucose surges. Exercising in this manner does not violate any of the current guidelines, which encourage exercise any time.
Public Understanding of Sustainable Development: Some Implications for Education.

A number of recent surveys of public opinion claim that there is now widespread acceptance of the need for sustainable development, and that the general public, through its social and consumer activity is already successfully engaged. However, in all this, the focus has primarily been on individual and family behaviours such as recycling and reducing energy use. Such surveys do not focus on the increasingly common community-based and social movements which operate in more complex, intractable, and inevitably political, arenas where shifts in government policy and funding, and business values and practice, are the goal. It is not just consumer surveys that have these blind spots; much education practice exhibits it too. Formal and informal education have followed a similar pattern by focusing on individual actions rather than more strategic, and overtly political, developing a coherent social movement around sustainability. Pressure groups campaign for changes in the curriculum, but what is missing is a systematic engagement in the community by formal education, and by researchers. As society gradually ‘learns its way forward’, shifting its values, norms, beliefs, and strategies towards a more sustainable model of development, it offers an array of opportunities for learners of all ages to witness, critique, be inspired by and become a part of the changes taking place around them. If we are fully to understand the effectiveness of such community-based programmes and initiatives, and help these grow and develop, then educators and educational researchers need to be much more intimately involved than they currently are.
Government Matters: Welfare Reform in Wisconsin

Preface ix List of Acronyms xiii CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 The Development of Reform 18 CHAPTER 3 The Politics of Reform 37 CHAPTER 4 Implementing Work Requirements 63 CHAPTER 5 Local Variations 79 CHAPTER 6 The Emergence of W-2 107 CHAPTER 7 Implementing W-2 132 CHAPTER 8 Paternalism 157 CHAPTER 9 The Decline of Welfare 175 CHAPTER 10 The Effects of Reform 193 CHAPTER 11 Welfare Reform and Good Government 214 CHAPTER 12 Origins of Excellence 245 CHAPTER 13 Implications 261 Notes 279 Index 341
Cohomology Theories

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Coupled Activity-Dependent Trafficking of Synaptic SK2 Channels and AMPA Receptors

Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ type 2 (SK2) channels are expressed in the postsynaptic density of CA1 neurons where they are activated by synaptically evoked Ca2+ influx to limit the size of EPSPs and spine Ca2+ transients. At Schaffer collateral synapses, the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) increases the α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate receptor (AMPAR)-mediated contribution to synaptic transmission and decreases the synaptic SK2 channel contribution through protein kinase A-dependent channel endocytosis. Using a combination of electrophysiology and immunoelectron microscopy in mice, the relationship between the dynamics of spine SK2 channels and AMPARs was investigated. Unlike AMPARs, synaptic SK2 channels under basal conditions do not rapidly recycle. Furthermore, SK2 channels occupy a distinct population of endosomes separate from AMPARs. However, blocking vesicular exocytosis or the delivery of synaptic GluA1-containing AMPARs during the induction of LTP blocks SK2 channel endocytosis. By ∼2 h after the induction of LTP, synaptic SK2 channel expression and function are restored. Thus, LTP-dependent endocytosis of SK2 is coupled to LTP-dependent AMPA exocytosis, and the ∼2 h window after the induction of LTP during which synaptic SK2 activity is absent may be important for consolidating the later phases of LTP.
A Low Cost and Flexible Network Testbed

New network technologies and services encourage the search for new networking ideas and new protocols; the main problem that we encounter developing this ideas is to test the result of our work in a realistic test environment. In this paper we describe how it is possible to build a low cost network testbed, easy to modify and based on the integration of open source software. Beside we show, as an example, a practical implementation of such a testbed and some tests performed about improving packet transmission reliability using different redundant transmission techniques. We identified two different techniques of redundant transmission on an IP network and we performed some transmission tests emulating situations of network malfunctioning that proof how the use of redundant transmission permits to strongly reduce the effects of network problems