Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Olfactory Processing as a Function of Population and Pathway Anatomy

From odors in the environment to a behavior in response to those odors there are a lot of brain structures and neural populations involved in make critical decisions. Understanding how odor representation and classification changes across each neural population and individual neurons is important for building a case of what each population is doing. Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) project to the antennal lobe (AL) in the insect brain. Projection neurons (PNs) from the AL project to the mushroom body (MB) and lateral horn (LH). We created a model of the locust AL, MB, and LH. Odors were best classified when the entire neural population was taken in to account. Performance also improved with increased stimulus duration. There is research supporting a single large inhibitory neuron, which uses feedback inhibition to inhibit all the kenyon cells (KCs) in the MB. We created two models one using feedback inhibition and one using feed-forward. We found the inhibitory network determined when each neuronal population were most active in comparison to the AL local field potential oscillation. From odors in the environment to a behavior in response to those odors there are a lot of brain structures and neural populations involved in make critical decisions. Understanding how odor representation and classification changes across each neural population and individual neurons is important for building a case of what each population is doing. Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) project to the antennal lobe (AL) in the insect brain. Projection neurons (PNs) from the AL project to the mushroom body (MB) and lateral horn (LH). We created a model of the locust AL, MB, and LH. Odors were best classified when the entire neural population was taken in to account. Performance also improved with increased stimulus duration. There is research supporting a single large inhibitory neuron, which uses feedback inhibition to inhibit all the kenyon cells (KCs) in the MB. We created two models one using feedback inhibition and one using feed-forward. We found the inhibitory network determined when each neuronal population were most active in comparison to the AL local field potential oscillation.
Design pattern TRABING: touchscreen-based input technique for people affected by intention tremor

Tremor patients are frequently facing problems when interacting with IT systems and services. They do not reach the same levels of input efficiency and easily become unhappy with a technology they do not perceive as a general asset. Cases of Intention tremor show a significant comparative rise in inaccurate movement towards a real button or virtual buttons on touch screens, as this particular tremor increases its symptoms when approaching a desired physical target. People suffering from this specific tremor have been identified as the target group. This group has been closely investigated and thus, a new input procedure has been developed which may be used on standard touch screens. The new technique enables users, accordingly tremor patients, to fully operate IT-based systems and therefore possess full control over input. Deviations caused by the tremor are compensated with a continuous movement instead of a single targeted move which remains the most difficult task to the user. Also, the screen surface will present a frictional resistance, which significantly hinders tremor symptoms. Input can be identified by the computer system with high accuracy, by means of special heuristics, which support barrier free access beyond the target group.
O QUE ACONTECE DURANTE O PERÍODO DE ESPERA? CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA O ESTUDO DO AUTOCONTROLE

This study examined the effects of social control on children`s self-control. The participants were assigned to three waiting conditions: 'alone', 'hand puppet' serving as a possible audience, and 'peers'. Children should choose between waiting 15 minutes for the experimenter in order to get two chocolates or ringing a bell during that interval to call the experimenter and get only one. The participants exposed to the 'alone' conditi on waited less time than the children exposed to the other conditions. The categorization of responses in the waiting period indicated that fewer responses per minute occurred for those who did not wait. On the 'peers' condition, it was observed a greater number of responses in the different categories, greater variability in responding, and that the peers provided additional consequences to those manipulated by the individual, improving self-control. Keywords : self-control, immediate reinforcer, delayed reinforcer, social control, behavior analysis, children
Raman spectroscopy for future planetary exploration: photodegradation, self-absorption and quantification of carotenoids in microorganisms and mineral matrices

Carotenoids are among the key biomarkers in the search for life on other planets, and non-destructive Raman spectroscopy on future rover missions is a potential sensitive detection method, especially under resonant conditions. In this research, reflectance spectra of minerals and microorganisms were measured using ultraviolet/visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in order to evaluate potential resonance Raman conditions and the possible degree of sample damage during laser irradiation. We report a photodegradation and semi-quantitative Raman study of β-carotene and the carotenoid-containing extremophile Deinococcus radiodurans mixed with calcite at excitation wavelengths of 440 nm, 532 nm and 785 nm. A different type of carotenoid was detected in a culture of Chroococcidiopsis. Carotenoids embedded in bacterial membranes were found to be less sensitive to photodegradation than in a mineral matrix. Corrections for self-absorption effects were performed using the 1085 cm−1 peak of calcite as an internal standard. Carotenoid-type signals from 1 mg g−1 D. radiodurans in calcite could be detected, corresponding to about 5 µg g−1 β-carotene in calcite (≈0.5% cell weight). This research emphasizes the potential suitability of Raman spectroscopy in the detection of organic biomarkers in future planetary exploration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Query driven knowledge discovery in multidimensional data

We study KDD (Knowledge Discovery in Databases) processes on multidimensional data from a query point of view. Focusing on association rule mining, we consider typical queries to cope with the pre-processing of multidimensional data and the post-processing of the discovered patterns as well. We use a model and a rule-based language stemming from the OLAP multidimensional representation, and demonstrate that such a language fits well for writing KDD queries on multidimensional data. Using an homogeneous data model and our language for expressing queries at every phase of the process appears as a valuable step towards a better understanding of interactivity during the whole process.
Bioactives in Chinese Proprietary Medicine Modulates 5α-Reductase Activity and Gene Expression Associated with Androgenetic Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by a progressive and patterned transformation of thick, pigmented terminal scalp hairs into short, hypo-pigmented vellus-like hairs. The use of Minoxidil and Finasteride to treat AGA are often associated with complications in safety and efficacy. However, herbal remedies are deemed to have lesser side effects in many societies. This study aims to identify potential hair growth properties of individual compounds from a Chinese proprietary medicine known as Yangxue Shengfa capsule (YSC), used in China for many years for improving AGA. Six marker compounds, including 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), Chlorogenic acid, Emodin, Ferulic acid, Isoimperatorin, and Paeoniflorin were used for simultaneous HPLC quantification and anti-AGA in-vitro screening. Simultaneous quantification of these components was performed on 75% (v/v) methanol extracts of YSC, using a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 column and gradient elution. Five compounds significantly promoted cell proliferation in cultured immortalized human Dermal Papilla Cells (DPC). Multiple genes associated with the progression of AGA, including IGF-1, DKK-1, and TGF-β1, were found to be regulated by some of these compounds. Interestingly, Ferulic acid and Emodin demonstrated good pharmacological properties against AGA, thereby concluding the potential of these bioactives to be used in the treatment against AGA.
A Structural Approach to the Native-Immigrant Wage Gap Using Matched Employer-Employee Data

In this paper we propose and estimate an equilibrium search model using matched employer-employee data to study the extent to which wage di¤erentials between natives and immigrants can be explained by di¤erences in ability, frictions patterns disparity or wage discrimination. Structural models may provide an interpretation of observed wage gaps as a consequence of disparities in group speci c fundamentals of labor market performance as skills, skill prices and job creation and destruction rates. Nevertheless structural estimation has not considerably advanced in this direction due to the identi cation problem of empirically distinguishing between skill di¤erentials and wage discrimination. The availability of matched employer-employee data allows us to estimate marginal products for each group at the rm level providing a clear separation of productivity and skill prices. We estimate the micro-structural model with LIAB, a German matched employer-employee data set. We nd that immigrants are more productive than natives in similar jobs. In general they are more mobile and they have lower bargaining power, which would mean that, in spite of having positive wage di¤erentials, they are being discriminated. I am specially gratefull to Manuel Arellano for his guidance and constant encouragement. I would also like to thank Stéphane Bonhomme, Claudio Michelacci, Enrique Moral-Benito and Pedro Mira for very helpfull comments and suggestions and to Nils Drews, Peter Jacobebbinghaus and Dana Muller from the Institute for Employment Research for invaluable support with the data. yC/ Casado del Alisal 5, 28014 Madrid. Email: bartolucci@cem . es
Parametric Maxflows for Structured Sparse Learning with Convex Relaxations of Submodular Functions

The proximal problem for structured penalties obtained via convex relaxations of submodular functions is known to be equivalent to minimizing separable convex functions over the corresponding submodular polyhedra. In this paper, we reveal a comprehensive class of structured penalties for which penalties this problem can be solved via an efficiently solvable class of parametric maxflow optimization. We then show that the parametric maxflow algorithm proposed by Gallo et al. and its variants, which runs, in the worst-case, at the cost of only a constant factor of a single computation of the corresponding maxflow optimization, can be adapted to solve the proximal problems for those penalties. Several existing structured penalties satisfy these conditions; thus, regularized learning with these penalties is solvable quickly using the parametric maxflow algorithm. We also investigate the empirical runtime performance of the proposed framework.
Characterization and Synergistic Interactions of Fibrobacter succinogenes Glycoside Hydrolases

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to characterize Fibrobacter succinogenes glycoside hydrolases from different glycoside hydrolase families and to study their synergistic interactions. The gene encoding a major endoglucanase (endoglucanase 1) of F. succinogenes S85 was identified as cel9B from the genome sequence by reference to internal amino acid sequences of the purified native enzyme. Cel9B and two other glucanases from different families, Cel5H and Cel8B, were cloned and overexpressed, and the proteins were purified and characterized. These proteins in conjunction with two predominant cellulases, Cel10A, a chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase, and Cel51A, formerly known as endoglucanase 2 (or CelF), were assayed in various combinations to assess their synergistic interactions using ball-milled cellulose. The degree of synergism ranged from 0.6 to 3.7. The two predominant endoglucanases produced by F. succinogenes, Cel9B and Cel51A, were shown to have a synergistic effect of up to 1.67. Cel10A showed little synergy in combination with Cel9B and Cel51A. Mixtures containing all the enzymes gave a higher degree of synergism than those containing two or three enzymes, which reflected the complementarity in their modes of action as well as substrate specificities.
Epstein-Barr virus-driven lymphomagenesis in the context of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human γ-herpes virus which establishes a life-long asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent hosts. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected patients, the impaired immunosurveillance against EBV may favor the development of EBV-related diseases, ranging from lymphoproliferative disorders to B cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly modified the natural course of HIV-1 infection, resulting in decreased HIV-1 plasmaviremia, increased CD4 lymphocytes, and decreased opportunistic infections, indicating a restoration of immune functions. However, the impact of ART appears to be less favorable on EBV-related malignancies than on other AIDS-defining tumors, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, and NHL remains the most common cancer during the ART era. EBV-driven tumors are associated with selective expression of latent oncogenic proteins, but uncontrolled lytic cycle with virus replication and/or reactivation may favor cell transformation, at least in the early phases. Several host’s factors may promote EBV reactivation and replication; besides immunodepression, inflammation/chronic immune stimulation may play an important role. Microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns and endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns, through Toll-like receptors, activate the immune system and may promote EBV reactivation and/or polyclonal expansion of EBV-infected cells. A body of evidence suggests that chronic immune stimulation is a hallmark of HIV-1 pathogenesis and may persist even in ART-treated patients. This review focuses on lymphomagenesis driven by EBV both in the context of the natural history of HIV-1 infection and in ART-treated patients. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the expansion of EBV-infected cells is a premise for the identification of prognostic markers of EBV-associated malignancies.
Sequential image stitching for mobile panoramas

This paper presents a sequential image stitching approach for creating high-quality panoramic images on mobile devices. In this approach, each source image in the image sequence is stitched onto the panoramic image sequentially using two operations: optimal seam finding and transition smoothing. In the seam finding process, graph cut optimization finds an optimal seam and creates labeling in the overlapping area between the current panoramic image and the current source image. The current panoramic image can be updated by merging the current source image using the labeling information. If there are visible stitching artifacts in the seam, a transition smoothing operation is performed to hide the seam and remove the stitching artifacts. In the transition smoothing process, a gradient vector field is created from the gradients of corresponding pixels in the current labeled source image to construct a Poisson equation. A composite image can be recovered from the gradient vector field by solving the Poisson equation with boundary conditions. The current panoramic image is updated by merging the composite image. The approach presents several advantages. The use of graph cut optimization guarantees finding optimal seams and avoids blurring and ghosting problems caused by objects moving between capture of input images or by spatial alignment errors. The gradient domain transition smoothing process reduces color differences and further improves image quality. The sequential panorama stitching procedure enables us to produce high resolution panoramic images with limited memory resources. The approach is implemented and it produces high quality panoramic images on mobile devices. It shows good performance for both indoor and outdoor scenes.
Automatic translation for Chinese mathematical Braille code

Mathematics accessibility for the blind attracts more and more attention in recent years. It aims to make mathematical documents and information accessible to the blind via computer and Internet. Several projects have made considerable progress in meeting the challenges in mathematics accessibility. One of the remaining challenges is the translation between mathematical formats used by sighted individuals and mathematical Braille codes used by blind individuals. We concentrate on the automatic translation of Chinese mathematical Braille code and develop an automatic translation middleware to implement the inter-translation between Chinese mathematical Braille code and any format of MathML, LaTex and OpenMath using XSLT stylesheets. The automatic translation middleware has higher flexibility, scalability and portability, easy to transplant, modify and upgrade.
New Oral Anticoagulants in the Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism: Efficacy, Bleeding Risk, and Monitoring

Anticoagulation therapy is mandatory in patients with pulmonary embolism to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. The mainstay of therapy has been vitamin-K antagonist therapy bridged with parenteral anticoagulants. The recent approval of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs: apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban) has generated significant interest in their role in managing venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism due to their improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, predictable anticoagulant response, and lack of required efficacy monitoring. This paper addresses the available literature, on-going clinical trials, highlights critical points, and discusses potential advantages and disadvantages of the new oral anticoagulants in patients with pulmonary embolism.
MAKING EU TRADE AGREEMENTS WORK

A key element of the EU’s free trade and preferential trade agreements is the extent to which they deliver improved market access and so contribute to the EUs foreign policy objectives towards developing countries and neighbouring countries in Europe, including the countries of the Balkans. Previous preferential trade schemes have been ineffective in delivering improved access to the EU market. The main reason for this is probably the very restrictive rules of origin that the EU imposes, coupled with the costs of proving consistency with these rules. If the EU wants the ‘Everything but Arms’ agreement and free trade agreements with countries in the Balkans to generate substantial improvements in access to the EU market for products from these countries then it will have to reconsider the current rules of origin and implement less restrictive rules backed upon by a careful safeguards policy. * Paul Brenton is a Senior Research Fellow at CEPS and Miriam Manchin is a Research Fellow.
A Technique to improve Security of Data in Multilevel Trust

The Privacy Preserving Data Mining technique that is used widely to conserve security of data is a random perturbation method. The original data is modified and many copies are created according to the trust levels in each field. The addition of noise level also varies with each trust level. The amount of noise added to the lower order trust level is less, whereas it is high in the higher order trust level. There is a chance for the hackers to reconstruct the original data with some non linear techniques. This challenge is addressed by the proposal of a novel non linear technique. Here, the noise level of each copy is checked after perturbation of the actual data. If any similarity is found in the noise level, reconstruction of the original data is possible. Therefore, additional noise is included in the perturbed data. This process is repeated till zero percent of similarity of data is attained.
Analysis of path gain inside tunnels based on FDTD and ray tracing methods

Tunnel simulations are important to study the propagation mechanisms inside tunnels. In this work, FDTD and ray tracing methods are used to simulate the path gain for 2 transmitters located inside a rectangular concrete tunnel. The applicability of ray tracing is analyzed by comparing it with results from FDTD. FDTD results with and without object inside the tunnel show that at distances far from the transmitter, the path gain can be approximated with a constant attenuation.
Novel control signal detection for high-rate transmission in LTE-OFDM systems

The control signal (CS) is an integral essential part for the transmission of uplink and downlink channels in long-term evolution (LTE) systems. Hence, an inaccurate detection method for the CS leads to a severe performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a novel CS detection method for LTE-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed method dispenses with the channel estimation compared with the conventional maximum-likelihood (ML) detection, which avoid intersecting the pilots in the transmitted signals. Duo to this fact, our proposed detection method can increase the system transmission rate without any additional expense. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed. The simulation results show that the proposed detection outperforms the ML detection when transmitting a large length of control signals.
A New Biclustering Method for Gene Expersion Data Based on Adaptive Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization

In recent years, with the development of microarray technique, discovery of useful knowledge from microarray data has become very important. Biclustering is a very useful data mining technique for discovering genes which have similar behavior. In microarray data, several objectives have to be optimized simultaneously and often these objectives are in conflict with each other. A multi objective model is very suitable for solving this problem. Our method proposes a Hybrid algorithm which is based on adaptive multi objective particle swarm optimization for discovering biclusters in gene expression data. In our method, we will consider a low level of overlapping among biclusters and as possible, will cover all elements of gene expression matrix. Experimental result in bench mark data base present a significant improvement in overlap among biclusters and coverage of elements in gene expression and quality of biclusters.