Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial Work in the Design and Development of Verifiable Workflow Management Systems and Some Applications to Health Care

Workflows describe work processes as sequences of tasks and information regarding who performs them and their relative order. Workflows have been found useful to describe processes in a number of industries. This work focuses on workflows used in health care. Formal verification is the growing field of formalizing and verifying specifications for hardware and software systems. Many health care software systems are examples of safety critical systems and their proper function is required to protect the safety of the patients they manage. Formal verification can help assure this safety by checking workflows before they are put into action, where errors can potentially seriously affect patients. A language for expressing properties that need to be verified is developed and a model checker is implemented. The implementation of the model checker written in XSB Prolog is presented.
Barriers to Family Planning Service Use among the Urban Poor in Pakistan

Although fertility has shown some decline in Pakistan in recent years, contraceptive use remains low. Despite high knowledge of modern methods of contraception (94 per cent of married women know of a modern method of contraception) only 17 per cent of married women of reproductive age currently use a modern method of contraception (Pakistan Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey, 2001; Sathar and Casterline, 1998). This is in part a product of poor physical access to family planning services. The coverage and quality of family planning services is poor, with only 10 per cent of the population living within easy walking distance of government-operated family planning services (Rosen and Conly, 1996). Consequently, there exists a large unmet need for family planning services in Pakistan (Mahmood and Ringheim, 1997). Previous research, however, into the barriers to family planning service use has highlighted the importance of looking beyond physical access to examine barriers that arise from the socio-economic and cultural environment in which an individual lives (Bertrand and others, 1995; Foreit and others, 1978). Pakistan presents an interesting context for examining the range of potential barriers to the use of family planning services, with a low level of economic development and strict cultural norms that may inhibit service utilization. This paper identifies the barriers to family planning service use among women in urban slum areas. The paper also examines the characteristics of urban poor women who report different types of barriers to using family planning services. Gaining a better understanding of the types of women who are likely to experience particular barriers to family planning services is valuable for developing service promotion strategies and for informing service delivery protocols.
Automated Compliance Verification of Business Processes in Apromore

This paper presents the integration of two plugins, a declarative process specification generator and a compliance verifier, into the Apromore advanced business process analytics platform. The integrated toolchain has a range of applications of interest to both practitioners and researchers. For example, it can be used in the areas of business process compliance, flexibility and variability. The generator can extract a set of formal specifications that declaratively describe a set of business process variants; whereas the verifier can check whether temporal properties over business process models hold. The verifier can use two different model checker tools: NuSMV2 and NuXMV. These plugins allow business analysts to verify if a newly developed process model adheres to rules and regulations or a specification dictated by existing process model variants.
Antioxidant Property of Aerial Parts and Root of Phyllanthus fraternus Webster, an Important Medicinal Plant

In present study free radical scavenging potential of aerial parts and root of Phyllanthus fraternus was investigated. Extraction was done in water and ethanol. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging method; ethanolic extract of aerial part was most potent in activity with 50% inhibition at 258 μg/mL concentration. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by using egg-yolk homogenates as lipid-rich media with EC50 of aerial part (ethanolic) 1522 μg/mL which was found to be most active. Superoxide (SO) radical scavenging activity was measured using riboflavin-light-nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Ethanolic and aqueous extract of both aerial part and root was almost similar in superoxide radical scavenging activity. Reducing power was determined on the basis of Fe3+-Fe2+ transformation in the presence of extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also measured by spectroscopic method. Results showed that the ethanolic fraction of aerial part is most active towards antioxidant potential and this activity is related to its polyphenolic content and reducing potential. Thus, P. fraternus extract can be used as potent natural antioxidant.
When is dispersal for dispersal? Unifying marine and terrestrial perspectives

Recent syntheses on the evolutionary causes of dispersal have focused on dispersal as a direct adaptation, but many traits that influence dispersal have other functions, raising the question: when is dispersal ‘for’ dispersal? We review and critically evaluate the ecological causes of selection on traits that give rise to dispersal in marine and terrestrial organisms. In the sea, passive dispersal is relatively easy and specific morphological, behavioural, and physiological adaptations for dispersal are rare. Instead, there may often be selection to limit dispersal. On land, dispersal is relatively difficult without specific adaptations, which are relatively common. Although selection for dispersal is expected in both systems and traits leading to dispersal are often linked to fitness, systems may differ in the extent to which dispersal in nature arises from direct selection for dispersal or as a by‐product of selection on traits with other functions. Our analysis highlights incompleteness of theories that assume a simple and direct relationship between dispersal and fitness, not just insofar as they ignore a vast array of taxa in the marine realm, but also because they may be missing critically important effects of traits influencing dispersal in all realms.
Tell Me about Santa Claus: A Study of Concept Change

Santa Claus as a real being passes from the child's life when he is about eight or nine years old. How do children react to the discovery that Santa Claus does not really exist? Children's responses to this discovery should shed light on concept change, a phase of growing up that may deserve more attention than we have given it. We parents and teachers see the development of concepts in young children as a major goal, but we sometimes lose sight of the fact that growth requires not only the development of concepts, but also changes in concepts and even the destruction of concepts. Such changes should not be left to chance, for changes in a child's concepts require changes in his pattern of beliefs and his system of values. These changes can increase emotional tensions and can result in serious conflicts between a child and an adult. 10 insure the wholesome development of the child, the elementary school must be aware of and concerned with the process of concept change (1). Because children's concepts are fairly simple and because children rely on adult authority for knowledge and emotional security, concept change in a child may be a very different process from concept change in an adult. To study children's reactions to concept change, we inquired into older children's belief in Santa Claus. Their reaction to the discovery that Santa Claus does not really exist should illustrate the process of concept change in childhood.
When death thoughts lead to death fears: Mortality salience increases death anxiety for individuals who lack meaning in life

Research derived from terror management theory demonstrates that subtle reminders of mortality increase strivings for meaning. It is argued that such strivings reflect efforts to prevent the anxiety that death reminders may otherwise cause. However, no research has directly tested the assertions that subtle mortality primes increase death anxiety and perceptions of meaning in life moderate this effect. The current study examined these predictions. Meaning in life was measured, death cognition primed, and death anxiety assessed. A mortality prime increased death anxiety, but only for individuals who lack perceptions of meaning in life. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION IN HIPPOCAMPAL SHAPE IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT : ROLE OF AN IL-6 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM

Li Shen, Andrew J. Saykin, Moo K. Chung, Heng Huang, James Ford, Fillia Makedon, Tara L. McHugh, C. Harker Rhodes Computer and Info. Science, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, N. Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA Psychiatry and Radiology, Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA Statistics, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA Email: lshen@umassd.edu, saykin@dartmouth.edu, mchung@stat.wisc. edu, {hh, jford, makedon}@cs.dartmouth.edu, {tara.l. mchugh, c.harker. rhodes}@dartmouth.edu
Serologic Survey of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Guangxi Province, China

Suggested citation for this article: Chen H, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang J, Dong B, Fan X, et al. Serologic survey of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, Guangxi Province, China [letter]. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2009 Nov [date cited]. Available from http://www.cdc. gov/EID/content/15/11/1849.htm
Selective G-Protein Regulation of Neuronal Calcium Channels

We examined the properties and regulation of Ca channels resulting from the expression of human α1B and α1E subunits stably expressed in HEK293 cells. The ancillary subunits β1B and α2/δ were also stably expressed in these cell lines. Ca currents in α1B-expressing cells had the properties of N-type currents. Ca currents in cells expressing α1E exhibited a novel profile that was similar to the properties of the “R type” Ca current. Introduction of GTP-γ-S into α1B cells greatly enhanced the extent of prepulse facilitation of the Ca current, whereas it had only a very small effect in α1E-expressing cells. Activation of somatostatin receptors endogenous to HEK293 cells or κ opioid receptors, expressed in the cells after transfection, inhibited Ca currents in α1B-expressing cells. This inhibition was blocked by pertussis toxin and was partially relieved by a depolarizing prepulse. In contrast, no inhibitory effects were noted in cells expressing α1E channels under the same circumstances. HEK293 cells normally contained G-proteins from all of the four major families. Inhibition of Ca currents by κ agonists in α1B-expressing cells was enhanced slightly by the cotransfection of several G-protein α subunits. κ agonists, however, had no effect in α1E-containing cells, even after overexpression of different G-protein α-subunits. In summary, these results demonstrate that there is a large difference in the susceptibility of α1B- and α1E-based Ca channels to regulation by G-proteins. This is so despite the fact that the two types of Ca channels show substantial similarities in their primary sequences.
Alternative Theories of Health Policy Attitudes and Protective Behaviors: Self Interest, Sociotropy, and Socialization

Three extensively documented theories of policy attitudes and political behaviors found in the political science literature—self interest, sociotropy, and socialization — are introduced into the health domain. Each of these theories brings an alternative view to the study of the predispositions underlying both health policy attitudes and health protective behaviors. On a sample from a limited population, it is found that health policy attitudes are predicted best by sociotropy. In contrast, "effortful" health protective behaviors are predicted best by self interest, whereas more "automatic" behaviors are predicted best by socialization. Since these trends reconcile cleanly with the related political science research, it is argued that the three models cumulatively show considerable promise as a predictive framework for both classes of phenomena. The implications that these trends hold for those with applied interests as well as more basic research interests in health policy attitudes and protective behavi.
Recruitment into a Long‐Term Pediatric Asthma Study During Emergency Department Visits

Objective: Asthma is the most common chronic illness in childhood. Recruiting children and their parents into a research study in a busy urban emergency department (ED) is challenging. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the recruitment process and the results of our recruitment in soliciting children and their parents to participate in an ED‐based asthma research study. Methods: The data for this manuscript came from a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute‐funded study: Study of Asthma Follow‐up from the Emergency Department (SAFE). SAFE evaluated an ED‐based intervention to link low‐income urban children with asthma to their primary care providers. Two persons were assigned specifically to enrolling, which was done from 0700 to 2300 hours Monday through Friday. Data for the analysis come from the web‐based database, the master log, and the hospital's patient database. A computerized randomization scheme chose 512 patients from all patients in the master log for more detailed demographic analyses. Results: Five hundred twenty‐seven subjects were enrolled between February 1999 and May 2001. There were 9188 children who presented for treatment of an acute asthma exacerbation during this interval. Chart reviews were conducted on a subset of patients presenting to the ED to ensure that the recruitment strategy did not bias the patients enrolled. Comparison of patients who were enrolled with those who were not enrolled indicated no differences by gender, race, insurance status, age, or socioeconomic status of neighborhood residence. Discussion: The high rate of enrollment was primarily due to the two dedicated enrollers. The enrollers quickly learned how to function within the ED and how to interact with both families and ED staff. Strategies identified by the enrollers as helpful in randomizing subjects included visits with the parents shortly after the physician had initiated treatment so that stability of the child had been achieved. Interacting with the child and showing concern for the comfort of both the child and parent during the ED stay were important as well. Conclusion: Recruiting subjects into long‐term follow‐up studies in the ED setting is a departure from traditional ED studies. The ED enrollment offers the distinct advantage of capturing subjects who are unlikely to present for care in other locations. We were able to successfully recruit low‐income urban parents of children with asthma for study of both short‐term and long‐term outcomes. The enrollment process successfully captured the subjects of interest without bias.
Responsividade materna em famílias de mães solteiras e famílias nucleares no terceiro mês de vida da criança

Maternal responsiveness in single-mothers and two-parent families at three months of child's life. The present study investigated the maternal responsiveness in the third month of infants life in single mothers' families and nuclear families. Twenty one mother-infant dyads participated in the study seven of which were single mothers and fourteen were married mothers. A free interaction session between mother and infant was observed for evaluation of maternal responsiveness. Twenty-one responsive sequences and three non- responsive sequences involving infants smile, vocalizations and cry were examined. Mann-Whitney test revealed significant differences between the two groups in the responsive and non-responsive sequences, indicating that single mothers were less responsive than the married mothers, especially regarding infants vocalization and cry. The results give support to part of the literature that indicates that single mothers can suffer larger stress when they need to supply alone the infants demands, mainly during his/her first year of life, which can have implications for the dyadic relationship.
The effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (L.H.R.H.) on serum L.H. and ovarian growth in turkeys.

Serum L.H. of non-laying hens (NL.) was significantly higher than serum LH of layers (L.). All NL. hens showed a marked increase in serum L.H. within 5 min. of an i.v. injection of 20 or 40 micrograms of L.H. R.H. The L.H. levels of NL. hens were significantly lower at 15 min. after L.H. R.H. injection than at 5 min. The laying turkeys were erratic in their response, with clear cut, small rises in L.H. occurring only in some individuals with hard shelled eggs in utero. Hens with membranous eggs or with empty uteri failed to respond to the L.H. R.H. While F.S. H. /L.H. injections caused significant ovarian and oviducal growth, L.H. R.H. given by daily i.m. injection for 7 days or twice daily i.v. injection for 6 days failed to do so. Subcutaneous implants of 1 mg. of L.H. R.H. in polyacrylamide gel led to prolonged elevation in serum L.H. R.H. and increased serum L.H. for about 12 hr. but caused no change in ovarian or oviducal weights.
Venous Thromboembolism and Cancer: Risks and Outcomes

Abstract Cancer and its treatments are well‐recognized risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Evidence suggests that the absolute risk depends on the tumor type, the stage or extent of the cancer, and treatment with antineoplastic agents. Furthermore, age, surgery, immobilization, and other comorbid features will also influence the overall likelihood of thrombotic complications, as they do in patients without cancer. The role of hereditary thrombophilia in patients with cancer and thrombosis is still unclear, and screening for this condition in cancer patients is not indicated. The most common malignancies associated with thrombosis are those of the breast, colon, and lung, reflecting the prevalence of these malignancies in the general population. When adjusted for disease prevalence, the cancers most strongly associated with thrombotic complications are those of the pancreas, ovary, and brain. Idiopathic thrombosis can be the first manifestation of an occult malignancy. However, intensive screening for cancer in patients with VTE often does not improve survival and is not generally warranted. Independently of the timing of cancer diagnosis (before or after the VTE), the life expectancy of cancer patients with VTE is relatively short, because of both deaths from recurrent VTE and the cancer itself. Patients with cancer and acute VTE who take anticoagulants for an extended period are at increased risk of recurrent VTE and bleeding. A recent randomized trial, the Randomized Comparison of Low Molecular Weight Heparin versus Oral Anticoagulant Therapy for Long‐Term Anticoagulation in Cancer Patients with Venous Thromboembolism (CLOT) study, showed that low molecular weight heparin may be a better treatment option for this group of patients. The antineoplastic effects of anticoagulants are being actively investigated with promising preliminary results. (Circulation. 2003;107:I‐17‐I‐21.)
Scan modeling: 3d modeling techniques using cross section of a shape

In clay modeling, a creator makes a model by using the shapes of objects, including hands. In contrast, in traditional 3D modeling environments, shapes are assigned by the systems a priori, i.e., no real world object's shape is used. In this paper, we present Scan Modeling, in which the creator performs 3D modeling by scanning any real object. To realize Scan Modeling, we developed an input device called "Wakucon". Wakucon is square-shaped with 245 millimeters per side. The creator uses it to scan a cross section of a shape by placing it inside of the device. By moving the Wakucon or the objects inserted into the device spatially while scanning these objects, the creator can perform 3D modeling. In this paper, we show interaction techniques and implementation of Scan Modeling. Additionally, we present an evaluation of the accuracy of reconstructed 3D models when using the Wakucon.
Effect of Temperature on Host Response to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in the Mountain Yellow-legged Frog (Rana muscosa)

The pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes the disease chytridiomycosis, has been implicated in declines of amphibian populations throughout the world, including declines and extinctions of local populations of mountain yellow-legged frogs, Rana muscosa, in the California Sierra Nevada. Previous studies have shown B. dendrobatidis achieves its maximum growth rate in culture in the temperature range of 17–25 C, and exposure to very high temperatures can clear frogs of B. dendrobatidis infection. Here we present the results of a laboratory experiment in which experimentally infected R. muscosa tadpoles were followed through metamorphosis at temperatures of 17 and 22 C. All infected animals developed clinical disease within a similar time frame. However, frogs housed at 22 C exhibited a significantly lower mortality than those housed at 17 C. Within 35 days after metamorphosis, 50% of the frogs housed at 22 C died, while 95% of the frogs housed at 17 C died. Clinical signs subsided in the surviving frogs at 22 C, despite persistent infection. Because both temperatures are within the optimal thermal range for growth of B. dendrobatidis, we propose that the difference in outcome indicates the effect of temperature on the host's resistance to chytridiomycosis, rather than an effect on the fungus alone.
March to Numbers: The Statistical Style of Lucien March

The development of economic thought in France has long been characterized by a local idiosyncrasy: the tradition of ingénieurs économistes. Through their grappling with economic problems that confronted the public sectors and with concrete issues tied to the constructive problems undertaken by the state, engineers have often shown signs of originality and savoir faire—it has even been claimed that they “do economics while others talk about it” (Caquot 1939, quoted in Divisia 1951, x). In any case, these engineers laid the foundations of microeconomics (Ekelund and Hébert 1999), committed themselves in an early mathematization of economic issues (Kurita 1989) and, in a sense, paved the way for econometrics (Hébert 1986). But these French engineers also developed an indisputable talent for measurement in economics, exemplified by their work on costs. Their involvement in measurement and more generally in statistics became particularly apparent around 1900: the Statistique Générale de la France