Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Data Cleansing With Minimum Distortion for ML-Based Equipment Anomaly Detection

Semiconductor manufacturing has been extensively exploiting machine-learning (ML) to process equipment sensory data (ESD) for near-real time anomaly detection (AD). ESD characteristics are highly diversified and data lengths vary among processing steps and cycles. Cleansing ESD with minimum distortion (CMD) to fit the fixed-length input requirement by ML-based AD is critical to AD effectiveness and is challenging. This paper presents a novel CMD method of four innovations: i) statistical mode-based equalization of step data lengths for the least number of step data length changes, ii) importance indicator value (IIV) of a data sample based on its relative difference with the subsequent sample, and iii) step data segmentation into groups based on samples of significant IIVs and the least-entropy-group-to-cleanse-first rule, and iv) cleansing the least IIV sample(s) in the selected group for step data length equalization. CMD application to ESD demonstrates its characteristics preservation property. Simulation experiments are on an integration of data cleansing with an unsupervised ML-based AD system, STALAD. Comparisons with two benchmark methods over AD scenarios of small-scale drifts and shifts show that CMD not only is superior in facilitating accurate detection by STALAD but also helps detect anomaly much earlier than using the two benchmarks.
Stochastic differential equations : an introduction with applications

Some Mathematical Preliminaries. - Ito Integrals. - The Ito Formula and the Martingale Representation Theorem. - Stochastic Differential Equations. - The Filtering Problem. - Diffusions: Basic Properties. - Other Topics in Diffusion Theory. - Applications to Boundary Value Problems. - Application to Optimal Stopping. - Application to Stochastic Control. - Application to Mathematical Finance.
Short-Term Growth Hormone Administration Mediates Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake and De Novo Lipogenesis Gene Expression in Obese Rats

Obesity has been linked to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity causes a decrease in growth hormone (GH) levels and an increase in insulin levels. Long-term GH treatment increased lipolytic activity as opposed to decreasing insulin sensitivity. Nonetheless, it is possible that short-term GH administration had no impact on insulin sensitivity. In this study, the effect of short-term GH administration on liver lipid metabolism and the effector molecules of GH and insulin receptors were investigated in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats. Recombinant human GH (1 mg/kg) was then administered for 3 days. Livers were collected to determine the hepatic mRNA expression and protein levels involved in lipid metabolism. The expression of GH and insulin receptor effector proteins was investigated. In DIO rats, short-term GH administration significantly reduced hepatic fatty acid synthase (FASN) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mRNA expression while increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) mRNA expression. Short-term GH administration reduced hepatic FAS protein levels and downregulated gene transcription of hepatic fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis, while increasing fatty acid oxidation in DIO rats. DIO rats had lower hepatic JAK2 protein levels but higher IRS-1 levels than control rats due to hyperinsulinemia. Our findings suggest that short-term GH supplementation improves liver lipid metabolism and may slow the progression of NAFLD, where GH acts as the transcriptional regulator of related genes.
Mitigation of sedimentation problems in the lower reach of the River Klarälven

The study focuses on the sedimentation problems found in the lower reach of the River Klarälven, where the river bifurcates into a west and an east channels at the city of Karlstad. During a period of thirty years, the sediment transport capacity of the west-channel has gradually diminished. This has caused a growing concern about the risk of flooding in the city. The study has aimed to find relevant methods for both increasing the hydraulic capacity of the west river channel, and mitigation of sedimentation problems.The main approach was numerical flow and sediment transport modelling. A two-dimensional depth-averaged modelwas used to study the influence of various river training measures. The modelwas found effective to address the sedimentation problem and the reduced hydraulic capacity in the river. To mitigate these problems, two effective engineering methods were controlling the water levels by partial gates and the use of groynes or vanes. The results suggested that a carefully calibrated and verified 2-D depth-averaged model can be used in supporting river restoration works and flood alleviation schemes.
Direct detection of 0.1–20keV electrons with delta doped, fully depleted, high purity silicon p-i-n diode arrays

Direct detection of 0.1–20keV electrons is demonstrated using a boron delta doped high purity Si p-i-n diode array. Molecular beam epitaxy is used to grow a delta layer on the back surface of these fully depletable p-i-n diode arrays to form an electrode for detecting shallow-penetrating ionizing radiation. Device structure, processing, and characterization methods used for device testing and measurement of its response to electrons are discussed. Use of this detector for measuring the Si quantum yield over this wide energy range is also discussed.
Axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric flows of a non-newtonian fluid between coaxial rotating discs

The axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric motions of a viscoelastic fluid driven by the steady rotations of a pair of coaxial, parallel discs, each of infinite extent, are studied analytically and numerically. The constitutive equation and the equations of motion depend altogether on four parameters and the numerical scheme used is robust and is capable of discovering regular and limit point bifurcations as well as folds arising from the changes in the values of the parameters. First and foremost, the work reported here is an exhaustive collection of old and new results in the above flow problem, including the stability of the axisymmetric flows. Non-existence of bifurcations from the rigid body motion and their appearance from the torsional flow and other flows are found under a variety of conditions, extending from the newtonian to the non-newtonian fluid behaviour. Secondly, the use of a scaling lemma permits the determination of the solutions to the problem over the entire range of parameters from the known solutions obtained for a finite range of the parameters. Thirdly, the type of non-axisymmetric flows likely to occur in the two-disc problem are determined numerically and they show that slip-layers may exist in the flow regime. These findings seem to confirm the experimental observations in the coaxial flow of a non-newtonian fluid.
Separation, recovery and upgrading of 2,3‐butanediol from fermentation broth

2,3‐Butanediol (BDO) is a bio‐derived building block available from biomass through biochemical methods in high titers (>120 g L−1) making it an attractive target for production and further upgrading to chemical products and fuels such as sustainable aviation fuel. A key challenge to enable the adoption of BDO as a precursor is the effective separation and isolation of this molecule from the fermentation broth. 2,3‐Butanediol has a boiling point higher than that of water (177°C), and as a consequence, separation via distillation methods is an energy‐intensive and therefore costly approach. We have improved the BDO separation through conversion to a 1,3‐dioxolane directly in fermentation broth via reaction with bio‐derived aldehydes catalyzed by a solid acid catalyst. The resulting dioxolane phase separates from the fermentation broth, allowing for easy decantation and isolation in >90% isolated yield. Isolated dioxolane can be used directly as a compression iginition fuel, trans‐acetalized to recover high‐purity BDO or used directly in a catalytic process as a BDO synthon to produce methyl ethyl ketone with aldehyde recovery in near quantitative yield.
A CRISPR/Cas9-Based Assay for High-Throughput Studies of Cancer-Induced Innervation

Simple Summary High-throughput methods that accurately monitor cancer-induced neuronal differentiation are a prerequisite to developing genetic and drug screening approaches that may enable the development of new therapeutics targeting cancer innervation. Here we evaluate a fluorescence-based reporter strategy that reports cancer-induced neuronal differentiation in high-throughput settings, allowing insights development into the underlying mechanisms of cancer-induced neuron differentiation and helping to enable therapeutic targeting of cancer innervation. Abstract The aggressive nature of certain cancers and their adverse effects on patient outcomes have been linked to cancer innervation, where neurons infiltrate and differentiate within the cancer stroma. Recently we demonstrated how cancer plasticity and TGFβ signaling could promote breast cancer innervation that is associated with increased cancer aggressivity. Despite the promising potential of cancer innervation as a target for anti-cancer therapies, there is currently a significant lack of effective methods to study cancer-induced neuronal differentiation, hindering the development of high-throughput approaches for identifying new targets or pharmacological inhibitors against cancer innervation. To overcome this challenge, we used CRISPR-based endogenous labeling of the neuronal marker β3-tubulin in neuronal precursors to investigate cancer-induced neuronal differentiation in nerve-cancer cocultures and provide a tool that allows for better standardization and reproducibility of studies about cancer-induced innervation. Our approach demonstrated that β3-tubulin gene editing did not affect neuronal behavior and enabled accurate reporting of cancer-induced neuronal differentiation dynamics in high-throughput settings, which makes this approach suitable for screening large cohorts of cells or testing various biological contexts. In a more context-based approach, by combining this method with a cell model of breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition, we revealed the role of cancer cell plasticity in promoting neuronal differentiation, suggesting that cancer innervation represents an underexplored path for epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated cancer aggressivity.
Low-Rank and Patch-Based Method for Enhanced Sparse ISAR Imaging

Due to nonideal conditions in actual applications of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR), some measurements are lost or the received signal is invalid for some time periods. In addition, the received signal is often affected by measurement noise. Hence, it is usually difficult to obtain well-focused images for such sparse aperture ISAR data. To solve this issue, a novel low-rank and patch-based sparse ISAR imaging method called LRPB is proposed in this article. In LRPB, the low-rank property and structure similarity of ISAR image in 3-D space are explored to ensure high-quality image reconstruction. Simultaneously, the noise is also considered in the constraint to achieve better performance. Furthermore, a Lagrange multiplier-based technique is developed to tackle the optimization problem of ISAR imaging by combining the advantages of alternating direction multiplier method. The experimental results of simulation data and real measured data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a small number of pulses.
The Rayleigh–Taylor instability in inertial fusion, astrophysical plasma and flames

Previous results are reviewed and new results are presented on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in inertial confined fusion, flames and supernovae including gravitational and thermonuclear explosion mechanisms. The instability couples micro-scale plasma effects to large-scale hydrodynamic phenomena. In inertial fusion the instability reduces target compression. In supernovae the instability produces large-scale convection, which determines the fate of the star. The instability is often accompanied by mass flux through the unstable interface, which may have either a stabilizing or a destabilizing influence. Destabilization happens due to the Darrieus–Landau instability of a deflagration front. Still, it is unclear whether the instabilities lead to well-organized large-scale structures (bubbles) or to relatively isotropic turbulence (mixing layer).
LOW-THRUST FLYBY GUIDANCE AND AN EXTENDED OPTIMAL SPACING RULE

A new extended spacing law governing midcourse correction points is given for electrically propelled interplanetary missions. The use of electric propulsion is inappropriate for guidance of flyby missions because little time is available to guide the spacecraft, especially when it is within close range of the target. Therefore, some chemical fuel is inevitably required onboard the spacecraft. The problem treated here is to determine how much chemical fuel is required to cancel out the potential electric and impulsive correction errors. A generalized spacing rule that determines the optimal correction points is derived. In addition, a simple analytical fuel estimate is presented. Numerical illustrations include a Monte Carlo simulation as well as the return flight from the asteroid back to Earth with rigorous ephemerides and time system, demonstrating the newly developed spacing rule. Nomenclature aep = acceleration by the electric propulsion c = coasting E[] = expectation operator Epsxf - specified terminal miss distance allowance j = time node k = correction epochs n = number of correction nodes or the number of time index S = total velocity increment accelerated by the electric propulsion T = flight period to the encounter T' = centroid time or end time of the coasting arc OL - flight time ratio A V = impulsive correction velocity increment A*/ = terminal miss distance S(A V) = impulsive correction mechanization error 8$ = electric correction mechanization error s = velocity navigation error (standard deviation)
Magnetic field dependence of the critical current and the flux pinning mechanism in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 + x films doped with BaZrO 3

Dependence of the critical current on applied magnetic field ${j}_{c}({B}_{a})$ is investigated in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+x}$ (YBCO) films prepared by pulsed laser deposition from pure YBCO target and from those doped with 2.9 or $9.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{wt}. \phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ ${\mathrm{BaZrO}}_{3}$. All targets were sintered from nanophase powders made by a citrate-gel process. Transmission electron microscopy images show distributions of ${\mathrm{BaZrO}}_{3}$ particles with typical diameters of $5\char21{}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ in the doped films. In comparison with the pure YBCO film the value of ${j}_{c}(0)$ is slightly smaller in the film deposited from the target doped with $2.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{wt}. \phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ ${\mathrm{BaZrO}}_{3}$ and only half in case of $9.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{wt}. \phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}%$ doping. Two interesting phenomena in the behavior of ${j}_{c}({B}_{a})$ are observed for the doped films. First, the low-field plateau of ${j}_{c}$ is significantly lengthened and second, in fields above the accommodation field ${B}^{*}$ marking the end of this plateau the rate of decrease of ${j}_{c}$ is strongly reduced. These results are well fitted with a critical state model of superconductors taking into account the self field effects at low applied magnetic fields.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients’ Risk of Developing Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer (PC) in numerous studies. However, the exact relationship between them remains conflicting. In this meta-analysis, we focus on determining the relationship between PC incidence and IBD. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted up until January 2022, selecting 14 studies, comprising 127,323 subjects with IBD, at the beginning of the study, among which 61,985 were patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 37,802 were with Crohn’s disease (CD). The studies reported the differences between subjects with IBD and controls with regard to the incidence of PC. In order to investigate the relationship between IBD and the prevalence of PC, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: IBD significantly increased the incidence of PC (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.40–8.54, P = 0.007) compared to controls. UC significantly increased the incidence of PC (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.03–1.98, P = 0.03) compared to controls. Yet, no significant difference was observed between CD and controls in relation to PC incidence (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.75–1.06, P = 0.18). Conclusion: IBD, particularly UC, may increase the risk of developing PC. This relationship prompts us to advocate for increased PC and IBD screening to reduce the risk for possible complications that could occur in these subjects.
Multispectral system for medical fluorescence imaging

The principles of a powerful multicolor imaging system for tissue fluorescence diagnostics are discussed. Four individually spectrally filtered images are formed on a matrix detector by means of a split-mirror arrangement. The four images are processed in a computer, pixel by pixel, by means of mathematical operations, leading to an optimized contrast image, which enhances a selected feature. The system is being developed primarily for medical fluorescence imaging, but has wide applications in fluorescence, reflectance, and transmission monitoring related to a wide range of industrial and environmental problems. The system operation is described for the case of linear imaging on a diode array detector. Laser-induced fluorescence is used for cancer tumor and atherosclerotic plaque demarcation using the contrast enhancement capabilities of this imaging system. Further examples of applications include fluorescing minerals and flames.
CFHT's imaging Fourier transform spectrometer

An infrared camera has been successfully coupled to the Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), making a unique infrared spectrometer. This instrument, the only one of its kind in the world, is capable of simultaneously acquiring both images and spectra of astronomical sources in the 1.0 to 2.5 micrometers wavelength range across its 24' field of view. Successful observations have been made of various targets, including planets and emission nebulae. A description of the instrument, data analysis, and scientific results, is presented below.
Measurement of quantum defects of nS and nD states using field ionization spectroscopy in ultracold cesium atoms

This paper reports that ultracold atoms are populated into different nS and nD Rydberg states (n = 25~52) by two-photon excitation. The ionization spectrum of an ultracold Rydberg atom is acquired in a cesium magneto-optical trap by using the method of pulse field ionization. This denotes nS and nD states in the ionization spectrum and fits the data of energy levels of different Rydberg states to obtain quantum defects of nS and nD states.
Library of flux-calibrated echelle spectra of southern late-type dwarfs with different activity levels ?

We present Echelle spectra of 91 late-type dwarfs, of spectral types from F to M and of dierent levels of chro- mospheric activity, obtained with the 2.15 m telescope of the CASLEO Observatory located in the Argentinean Andes. Our observations range from 3890 to 6690 A at a spectral resolution from 0.141 to 0.249 A per pixel (R== 26 400). The observations were flux calibrated with the aid of long slit spectra. A version of the calibrated spectra is available via the World Wide Web y .
Public Stigma Related to People With Mental Health Conditions Among Japanese Company Employees

Background The public stigma related to mental illness is the general public’s negative misconceptions about people with mental health conditions (PMHCs). The public stigma of mental illness is detrimental to PMHC as it leads to loss of opportunities and unemployment. The aim of the study was to clarify the status of public stigma related to PMHC, focusing on knowledge about mental illness and social distance concerning PMHC. Methods A survey was conducted among 970 Japanese office workers aged 20 to 60 years. Accurate knowledge of mental illness was assessed using the Mental Illness and Disorder Understanding Scale (MIDUS). The Attitudinal Social Distance (ASD) was used to determine social distance in relation to PMHC. The demographic characteristics of the participants evaluated were sex, age group measured in years, employment position, employment status, and attendance at mental illness stigma training. Results Regular employees (P = 0.03) and those having prior contact experience (P = 0.01) had more accurate knowledge. Participants between 50 to 59 years old (M = 15.87, standard deviation (SD) = 3.35) had greater social distance than those under 30 years old (M = 14.78, SD = 3.97, P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis found that employment status (partial r = -0.07, P < 0.05) and prior contact experience (partial r = -0.15, P < 0.01) significantly affected the MIDUS score, whereas no variable had a significant effect on the ASD score. Conclusions Accurate knowledge of mental illness was significantly higher among regular employees and those with contact experience. Social distance was significantly lower among those under the age of 30 years.
SGNet: Sequence-Based Convolution and Ligand Graph Network for Protein Binding Affinity Prediction

Protein-ligand binding can play an important role in many fields. It is of great importance to accurately predict the binding affinity between molecules by computational methods. Most computational binding affinity methods require molecular structures. However, there are still a large number of protein molecules with known amino acid sequences whose structures have not yet been solved. To address this issue, this paper proposes a sequence-based convolution and ligand graph network, called SGNet, to fuse the molecular graph information and the amino acid sequence information. This method integrates Conjoint Triad (CT) encoding of amino acid sequence and one-dimensional convolutional neural network module to extract protein molecules, develops graph attention network to extract molecular features of ligand, and then fuses the two feature sets to predict the binding affinity between molecules from the fully connected layer. As a result, SGNet achieves good prediction performance on both KIKD and IC50 data sets, with prediction error RMSEs of 1.287 and 1.58, and correlation Pearson Rs of 0.687 and 0.592, respectively. Comparative experimental results under the same conditions showed that SGNet outperformed Kdeep and GraphDTA in predicting binding affinities between protein-ligand molecules.