Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The congruency effect in L2 collocational processing: The underlying mechanism and moderating factors

The congruency effect—that is, faster and more accurate processing of congruent multiword units, has been demonstrated in multiple studies. It is still unclear, however, what its underlying mechanism is, and how congruency may interact with other factors. Using an acceptability judgement task, this study examined the congruency effect in immersive (Experiment 1) and nonimmersive (Experiment 2) L2 learners’ collocational processing while taking into account L2 collocation frequency, immersive learners’ L2 use, their length and starting age of immersion, nonimmersive learners’ length of instruction, and their L2 proficiency. The study also tested whether L1 counterparts of words in L2 collocations were activated. Nonmmersive learners showed a congruency effect in both processing speed and accuracy. In contrast, immersive learners were affected by congruency only in processing accuracy. Higher L2 collocation frequency, greater length of instruction, and higher L2 proficiency did not reduce the congruency effect, whereas longer duration of immersion improved the processing of incongruent items. An effect of L1 lexical frequency was found, an indication of L1 activation. Results were discussed in light of how L2 proficiency and experiences changed the amount of L1 influence in L2 collocational processing.
Seven-Color Photometry and Classification of Stars in the Vicinity of the Dark Cloud TGU H994 (LDN 1399, 1400 and 1402)

Abstract The results of CCD photometry in the seven-color Vilnius system are given for 727 stars down to V ~ 17 mag in a 1.5 square degree field in the region of dark cloud TGU H994 P1 (or LDN 1399, LDN 1400 and LDN 1402) in Camelopardalis. Using the intrinsic color indices and photometric reddening-free Q-parameters, two-dimensional spectral types for 73% of stars are determined.
How Many Iterations are Needed for the Exact Recovery of Sparse Signals using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is a greedy algorithm widely used for the recovery of sparse signals from compressed measurements. In this paper, we analyze the minimum number of iterations required for the OMP algorithm to ensure the exact recovery of sparse signals. Our analysis shows that OMP can accurately recover all $K$-sparse signals within $\lceil 2.8 K \rceil$ iterations when the measurement matrix satisfies the restricted isometry property (RIP). Our result improves upon the recent result of Zhang and is also close to the fundamental limit under which the exact recovery of $K$-sparse signals cannot be uniformly guaranteed.
Performance Evaluation Optimization Model with a Hybrid Approach of NDEA-BSC and Stackelberg Game Theory in the Presence of Bad Data

The evaluation of organisational performance and internal power is of the most significance for any organisation. The purpose of this paper is to present a hybrid approach using Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA), BSC, and Game Theory to evaluate the performance of decision-making units. To evaluate the efficiency of each decision-making unit, the relationship between different departments within an organisation is modeled based on the BSC indicators (growth and learning perspective, internal processes perspective, customer perspective, and financial perspective). Also, the influence of each of the BSC indicators on the efficiency of the decision-making units is examined using Game Theory and Stackelberg Theory. Moreover, the indicators related to each aspect of the BSC are expressed as input/output to determine performance. The proposed model has been implemented in 15 different cement factories based on the information obtained in 2021. The results reveal that the customer perspective has the greatest impact on the performance of the entire organisation and plays a crucial leading role in the organisation. Among the followers, the perspective of internal processes that is influenced by the leader strategy (customer perspective) is ranked first, and the perspectives of growth, learning, and finance are ranked second, third, and fourth, respectively. This research facilitates managerial decision-making for the optimal allocation of resources to increase the performance and profitability of the organisation.
Can Urban Greening Construction Improve the Corporate Preventive Environmental Investment? Evidence from China

Preventive environmental investment can enhance corporate environmental pollution management at the source and facilitate green transformation development. As a form of government of green investment behavior, urban greening construction exhibits a “demonstration effect” and “innovation effect” on corporate preventive environmental investment. To investigate this, the present study utilizes Chinese listed company and city-level data from 2011 to 2020 to analyze the influence, mechanism, and heterogeneity of urban greening construction on corporate environmental preventive investment. The findings indicate that urban green construction significantly encourages corporate preventive environmental investments by increasing enterprises’ willingness to participate in environmental regulation and advancing their green technology innovation. Furthermore, the environmental investment impact of urban greening construction exhibits considerable regional and corporate heterogeneity. Specifically, this effect is more pronounced in areas with lower marketability degrees and environmental regulation levels. It plays a more substantial role for state-owned enterprises and enterprises with lower agency costs.
Three-octave terahertz pulses from optical rectification of 20 fs, 1 μm, 78 MHz pulses in GaP

We demonstrate optical rectification of 1 μm pulses with a duration of 20 fs, a repetition-rate of 78 MHz and an average power of 5.5 W, in a 2 mm thick GaP crystal. The spectrum of the resulting far-infrared pulses is centered at 1.5 THz and extends to 5 THz at −50 dB intensity. In the absence of resonant absorption of GaP in this range, the spectrum has a well-behaved shape, facilitating spectroscopic applications. In the context of the recent rapid evolution of high-power Yb-based femtosecond laser systems, these results show a viable route towards sources of THz pulses combining broad bandwidth, high average power and a smooth spectral shape.
Live Streaming Shopping: Effects on Purchase Intentions among Malaysian Consumers

Live streaming shopping is revolutionizing the way that people shop, as it offers a convenient and interactive shopping experience allowing customers to have real-time access to products and services from their home. This has led to tremendous growth in the industry, with more and more retailers investing in live streaming shopping platforms to meet the needs of their customers. This study investigated the relationship between live streaming and purchase intentions in social commerce in Malaysia using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). A survey was conducted among 200 Malaysian consumers who have experience with live-streaming. The results showed that while attitude does not significantly influ ence customers’ intention to purchase, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are significant in influencing consumers’ intention to purchase through live -streaming. The findings provide insights on how marketers can increase the likelihood of customers making a purchase through live-streaming channels.
Influence of Different Temperatures and Sexes on the Survival and Stress Responses of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

This study was conducted to assess the influence of different water temperature ranges and sexes on the stress response of Nile tilapia. Sixteen proactive males and sixteen proactive female fish were used in the study. There were eight combinations of factors, and each combination was replicated four times. Changes in eye color pattern (ECP), ventilation rate (VR), and skin color of the fish were monitored after reaching the treatment temperature of the environment. Mortality of fish was also monitored. Results showed that the ECP of fish was significantly (P<0.01) affected by water temperature and sex of fish. Similarly, VR of fish was also significantly (P<0.01) affected by water temperature and sex of fish. Decreased dissolved oxygen (DO) was observed in increasing water temperature which may have also contributed to the stress response of Nile tilapia besides the increasing water temperature. Two out of four fish in T4M died after 6-12 hours of exposure while in T4F three out of four fish died after 2-4 hours. There was a decrease in the final weight of fish in all combinations of factors. On body color, both male and female fish exposed to increasing water temperatures exhibited an intense body color (presence of vertical stripes). From the results of this study, male fish had significantly lower (P<0.01) ECP scores and VR values than female fish when exposed to different ranges of water temperature. Likewise, male fish exposed to high temperatures (39-40°C) survived longer than female fish. Therefore, it can be concluded that male fish are more tolerant to increasing water temperature up to 37°C than female fish since males can easily cope with stress.
NONPARAMETRIC WEIGHTED AVERAGE QUANTILE DERIVATIVE

The weighted average quantile derivative (AQD) is the expected value of the partial derivative of the conditional quantile function (CQF) weighted by a function of the covariates. We consider two weighting functions: a known function chosen by researchers and the density function of the covariates that is parallel to the average mean derivative in Powell, Stock, and Stoker (1989, Econometrica 57, 1403–1430). The AQD summarizes the marginal response of the covariates on the CQF and defines a nonparametric quantile regression coefficient. In semiparametric single-index and partially linear models, the AQD identifies the coefficients up to scale. In nonparametric nonseparable structural models, the AQD conveys an average structural effect under certain independence assumptions. Including a stochastic trimming function, the proposed two-step estimator is root-n-consistent for the AQD defined by the entire support of the covariates. To facilitate tractable asymptotic analysis, a key preliminary result is a new Bahadur-type linear representation of the generalized inverse kernel-based CQF estimator uniformly over the covariates in an expanding compact set and over the quantile levels. The weak convergence to Gaussian processes applies to the differentiable nonlinear functionals of the quantile processes.
The relations between dynamic capabilities and core competencies. The case study of Uzdrowisko Ciechocinek S.A.

This article addresses the relationship between dynamic capabilities and core competencies of companies. Both categories are among the most popular and practical issues in management science, fitting into the resource-based view of the firm. They should be consciously worked out in the company and both have the potential to become sources of sustainable competitive advantages. Despite a good study of the two issues in the literature, little attention has been paid to their relationship. The author has attempted to do so believing that it will contribute to further empirical research. A case study of a leading Polish sanatorium company, Uzdrowisko Ciechocinek S.A. , which is in the process of permanent and purposeful organizational changes, was used. The results obtained illustrate the positive relationship between the variables used in the study.
Outer size distribution of landfalling tropical cyclones over China changes in the recent decades

This study examines the changes in the outer size distribution of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over Chinese mainland from 1977 to 2020. The period was divided into two epochs: 1977-1998 and 1999-2020. The results show that the size distribution of landfalling TCs over South China has no apparent change, while that of landfalling TCs over East China (LTCEC) is narrower in the second epoch, and the difference in the median sizes between East China and South China become more significant. Furthermore, it is found that LTCEC formed over the western part of the western North Pacific (W-WNP) shifted to a larger size range (300-500 km) at landfall, while those formed over the eastern part of the western North Pacific (E-WNP) rarely grew to extremely large size (>500 km). Further investigation revealed that over the W-WNP, the genesis position of LTCEC migrated equatorward during the second epoch, leading to a longer TC lifetime before landfall. Also, the increase of background relative vorticity and moisture associated with the southward migration is conducive to larger initial vortices. For TCs originating from the E-WNP, the change in the active area of TC passages reduced the frequency of TCs affecting the Chinese coast. Moreover, the growth of TC size during the intensification stage was significantly suppressed, lowering the occurrence probability of extremely large TCs. Changes in the large-scale thermodynamic environments between the two epochs were explored. Increased static stability and decreased convective available potential energy are possible factors limiting TC size increase.
A Short Note From Myself to Myself to Better Understand Hawking

In this short paper we look at the Hawking temperature from a Newtonian perspective as well as a General Relativity perspective. If we are considering the Hawking temperature, and simply replace the gravitational field input in his 1974 formula with that of Newton, we will get a Hawking temperature of half of that of the well-known Hawking temperature formula. This is very similar to the case where Newton’s theory predicts half the light bending that GR does. Based on recent theoretical research on Newton’s gravitational constant, we also rewrite the Hawking temperature to give a somewhat different perspective without changing the output of the formula, that makes some of the Hawking formulas more intuitive.
AIDS Epidemiology: A Quantitative Approach

The purpose of this book is to review the contribution of statistical science to our understanding of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to summarize and interpret the major epidemiological findings. Chapters are included on risk factors for infection and the probability of HIV transmission surveys to determine seroprevalence and seroincidence screening and accuracy of tests for HIV statistical issues in surveillance of AIDS incidence back-calculation procedures for estimating and projecting AIDS incidence epidemic transmission models and synthesizing data sources and methods for assessing the scope of the epidemic. (EXCERPT)
Ka-Band Tray-Type Spatial Power Combiner Using H-Plane Expanded Waveguide With Side-Ridges

A tray-type spatial power combiner is proposed at Ka-band using an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane expanded waveguide with side-ridges and a dipole transition array. In order to overcome the small size of the Ka-band standard waveguide and accommodate as many as trays (six trays in this work), the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane of the waveguide is expanded by three times using two-stepped waveguide transition. A circular post is employed to effectively suppress higher-order modes in the expanded waveguide. In addition, a side-ridged waveguide is proposed to reduce non-uniformity in the field and power distribution along the expanded <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane which seriously degrades power combining efficiency. It boosts the electric field close to the waveguide sidewalls by adding the metallic ridges which reduces the waveguide height at the sides. It is shown from the simulation that the proposed side-ridged waveguide can evenly distribute the electromagnetic power and reduce the magnitude imbalances between the trays. In addition, a capacitive iris is introduced in the ridges to improve the phase balance as well. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane expanded waveguide with side-ridges was fabricated and the measurement showed an insertion loss as low as 0.2 dB at Ka-band. Then, six trays consisting of dipole transition and microstrip line on the dielectric substrate was accommodated between the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-plane expanded waveguides with side-ridges. The overall power combining system exhibited the measured insertion loss of 1.2 dB (back-to-back loss) at Ka-band. This result belongs to the excellent performance in terms of insertion loss and the number of the trays among the tray-type spatial power combiners reported at Ka-band.
A Phenomenological Paradigm for Midtropospheric Cyclogenesis in the Indian Summer Monsoon

Midtropospheric cyclones (MTCs) are a distinct class of synoptic disturbances, characterized by quasi-stationary cyclonic circulation in midtropospheric levels, which often produce heavy rainfall and floods over western India during the summer monsoon. This study presents a composite and diagnostic process study of long-lived (>5 days) midtropospheric cyclonic circulation events identified by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Reanalysis data confirm earlier studies in revealing that the MTC composite has its strongest circulation in the midtroposphere. Lagged composites show that these events co-occur with broader-scale monsoon evolution, including larger synoptic-scale low pressure systems over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and east coast, and the active phase of regional-scale poleward-propagating intraseasonal rain belts, with associated drying ahead (north) of the convectively active area. Diabatic heating composites, in particular the TRMM latent heating and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2)-derived radiative cooling in the dry inland areas of southwest Asia north of the rain belt, are used to drive a nonlinear multilayer dynamical model in a forced-damped reconstruction of the global circulation. Results show that the midlevel circulation is largely attributable to top-heavy latent heating, indicative of the prevalence of stratiform-type precipitation in mesoscale convective systems in these moist, active larger-scale settings. Both the west coast and BoB latent heating are important, while the radiative cooling over southwest Asia plays a modest role in sharpening some of the simulated features. A conceptual model encapsulates the paradigm based on this composite and diagnostic modeling, a diabatic update of early theoretical studies that emphasized hydrodynamic flow instabilities.
An Improved Needleman-Wunsch Algorithm for Pairwise Sequence Alignment of Protein-Albumin

This paper aims to improve the method of optimal global sequence alignment in order to increase the computational performance. The huge number of genome sequences is main problem of alignment. One of global sequence alignment methods is Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. This algorithm is implemented by constructing a MxN matrix, which M is the length of first sequence and N is the length of second sequence. All cells of the matrix are filled to compute the score for constructing global pairwise sequence alignment, so that the time and space complexity are very high. Therefore, the improved Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (INWA) is addressed to compute partially for the score in the cells. The test set consisted of 1250 pairwise sequence alignments of human protein-albumin and it is compared to the original method. As a result shows that the space and time compexity of INWA is O(N) instead of O(MN).
Coplanar Waveguide (CPW)-Fed Compact Dual Band Antenna for 2.5/5.7 GHz Applications

A novel coplanar waveguide fed compact dual-band antenna for 2.5/5.7GHz applications is presented in this paper. The above characteristics are obtained by carefully optimizing the slotted ground planes and meander short placed between the signal strip and one of the lateral ground planes. The proposed antenna has been designed on a substrate with dielectric constant 4.4, thickness 1.6mm, and it occupies a small area of 18.2×20mm2. The experimental analysis shows 2 : 1 VSWR bandwidth up to 150MHz and 370MHz for 2.5GHz and 5.7GHz, respectively. Antenna radiation characteristics, including return loss, radiation pattern, radiation efficiency and gain are also validated with numerical simulation and experimental measurements.
Copulas based seemingly unrelated quantile regression

We propose a multivariate copulas based seemingly unrelated quantile regression. We add the multivariate copula density function into the likelihood to relax the strong assumption of multivariate normal distribution of the conventional model. The simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed model. Moreover, we apply our proposed model to the Fama-French equation in order to investigate the systematic risk in the three major stocks in NASDAQ market. The results of this study suggest that our proposed model provides a particularly good description of these stock prices at every quantile level.
Rotation of a low-Reynolds-number watermill: theory and simulations

Recent experiments have demonstrated that small-scale rotary devices installed in a microfluidic channel can be driven passively by the underlying flow alone without resorting to conventionally applied magnetic or electric fields. In this work, we conduct a theoretical and numerical study on such a flow-driven ‘watermill’ at low Reynolds number, focusing on its hydrodynamic features. We model the watermill by a collection of equally spaced rigid rods. Based on the classical resistive force (RF) theory and direct numerical simulations, we compute the watermill’s instantaneous rotational velocity as a function of its rod number $N$ , position and orientation. When $N\geqslant 4$ , the RF theory predicts that the watermill’s rotational velocity is independent of $N$ and its orientation, implying the full rotational symmetry (of infinite order), even though the geometrical configuration exhibits a lower-fold rotational symmetry; the numerical solutions including hydrodynamic interactions show a weak dependence on $N$ and the orientation. In addition, we adopt a dynamical system approach to identify the equilibrium positions of the watermill and analyse their stability. We further compare the theoretically and numerically derived rotational velocities, which agree with each other in general, while considerable discrepancy arises in certain configurations owing to the hydrodynamic interactions neglected by the RF theory. We confirm this conclusion by employing the RF-based asymptotic framework incorporating hydrodynamic interactions for a simpler watermill consisting of two or three rods and we show that accounting for hydrodynamic interactions can significantly enhance the accuracy of the theoretical predictions.
Similarity and dissimilarity concepts in machine learning

Similarity and dissimilarity are rarely formalized concepts in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Similarity and dissimilarity have a psychological origin, and they have been adapted to AI. In this field, however, similarity and dissimilarity choice is not always dependent on the problem to solve. In this paper, a formalization of similarity and dissimilarity is presented. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the design and understanding of similarity and dissimilarity in AI, increasing their general utility. A formal definition and some basic properties are introduced. Also, some transformation functions and similarity and dissimilarity operators are presented.