Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(Na, Zr) and (Ca, Zr) Phosphate-Molybdates and Phosphate-Tungstates: II–Radiation Test and Hydrolytic Stability

This paper introduces the results of hydrolytic stability tests and radiation resistance tests of phosphate molybdates and phosphate tungstates Na1−xZr2(PO4)3−x(XO4)x, X = Mo, W (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5). The ceramics characterized by relatively high density (more than 97.5%) were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of submicron powders obtained by sol–gel synthesis. The study focused on hydrolytic resistance of the ceramics in static mode at room temperature. After 28 days of testing in distilled water, the normalized leaching rate was determined. It was found that the ceramics demonstrated high hydrolytic resistance in static mode: the normalized leaching rates for Mo- and W-containing ceramics were 31·10−6 and 3.36·10−6 g·cm−2·day−1, respectively. The ceramics demonstrated high resistance to irradiation with 167 MeV Xe+26 multiple-charged ions at fluences ranging from 1·1012 to 6·1013 cm−2. The Mo-containing Na0.5Zr2(PO4)2.5(XO4)0.5 ceramics were shown to have higher radiation resistance than phosphate tungstates. Radiation was shown to trigger an increase in leaching rates for W and Mo in the crystal structure of NZP ceramics.
Planar near-field to far-field transformation using an equivalent magnetic current approach

An alternative method is presented for computing far-field antenna patterns from near-field measurements. The method utilizes the near-field data to determine equivalent magnetic current sources over a fictitious planar surface that encompasses the antenna, and these currents are used to ascertain the far fields. Under certain approximations, the currents should produce the correct far fields in all regions in front of the antenna regardless of the geometry over which the near-field measurements are made. An electric field integral equation (EFIE) is developed to relate the near fields to the equivalent magnetic currents. The method of moments is used to transform the integral equation into a matrix one. The matrix equation is solved with the conjugate gradient method, and in the case of a rectangular matrix, a least-squares solution for the currents is found without explicitly computing the normal form of the equation. Near-field to far-field transformation for planar scanning may be efficiently performed under certain conditions. Numerical results are presented for several antenna configurations. >
Variable Bandwidth Selection in Varying-Coefficient Models

The varying-coefficient model is an attractive alternative to the additive and other models. One important method in estimating the coefficient functions in this model is the local polynomial fitting approach. In this approach, the choice of bandwidth is crucial. If the unknown curve is spatial homogeneous, a constant bandwidth is sufficient. However, for estimating curves with a more complicated structure, a variable bandwidth is needed. The present article focuses on a variable bandwidth selection procedure, and provides the conditional bias and the conditional variance of the estimator, the convergence rate of the bandwidth, and the asymptotic distribution of its error relative to the theoretical optimal variable bandwidth.
Multi-year dynamics of the Aedes albopictus occurrence in two neighbouring cities in the Alps

Abstract The invasive tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is a serious nuisance for people due to its biting and potential for disease transmission, even in Italian mountain regions. In this work, we examined its occurrence dynamic from the first invasion in two Alpine cities, Rovereto and Trento, only 25 km apart. Mosquito’s distribution was assessed using ovitraps, from mid-May to end-October, from its first reported occurrence, i.e. 2001 in Rovereto and 2010 in Trento. In both cities, ovitraps were located in seven habitat types: gathering places, residential areas, urban parks, car parks, near watercourses, industrial areas and croplands. The annual average temperature and precipitation were similar in the two cities from 2001 to 2020. We had hypothesized that the seasonal and annual differences in egg number between both cities would be limited. Significant linear and positive relationship was found between the average number of eggs and air temperature in both the cities, but with a steeper slope in Trento. In addition, the average number of eggs per ovitrap was higher in Trento than in Rovereto (average 50.3 vs 14.2). None of the considered risk factors (climate, habitat type) explained such difference in abundance between cities. Indeed, based on the temperature, the expectation was to find fewer eggs in Trento being cooler than Rovereto during 2010–2020 (the average in the period of activated traps was, respectively, 19.2 vs 19.7°C). Thus, we argue that other anthropogenic factors, such as different control activities (adulticide treatments were carried out solely in Rovereto), might explain the difference in egg abundance found between cities. A specific experimental design to evaluate treatment effect might validate our hypothesis (e.g. apply adulticides during the surveillance period, with treatments applied at regular distances from the ovitraps and with a specific periodicity to compare adult and egg abundance). Highlights Ae. albopictus invaded two alpine cities 25 km apart with a lag of 12 yrs Temporal trend of egg abundance was positively correlated with temperature in both cities Ae. albopictus was more abundant in gathering places in urban areas The colder city (Trento) was the more infested Control activities carried out in Rovereto might explain difference in abundance between the two cities
Moduli decay in the hot early Universe

We consider moduli fields interacting with thermalized relativistic matter. We determine the temperature dependence of their damping rate and find that it is dominated by thermal effects in the high temperature regime, i.e. for temperatures larger than their mass. For a simple scalar model the damping rate is expressed through the known matter bulk viscosity. The high temperature damping rate is always smaller than the Hubble rate, so thermal effects are not sufficient for solving the cosmological moduli problem.
Optimal design of reinforced concrete beams: A review

This paper summarizes available literature on the optimization of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The objective of optimization (e.g. minimum cost or weight), the design variables and the constraints considered by different studies vary widely and therefore, different optimization methods have been employed to provide the optimal design of RC beams, whether as isolated structural components or as part of a structural frame. The review of literature suggests that nonlinear deterministic approaches can be efficiently employed to provide optimal design of RC beams, given the small number of variables. This paper also presents spreadsheet implementation of cost optimization of RC beams in the familiar MS Excel environment to illustrate the efficiency of the exhaustive enumeration method for such small discrete search spaces and to promote its use by engineers and researchers. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed on the contribution of various design parameters to the variability of the overall cost of RC beams.
A logistics scheduling model: Inventory cost reduction by batching

Logistics scheduling refers to the problems where the decisions of job scheduling and transportation are integrated in a single framework. In this paper, we discuss a logistics scheduling model where the raw material is delivered to the shop in batches. By making the batching and scheduling decisions simultaneously, the total inventory and batch setup cost can be reduced. We study different models on this issue, present complexity analysis and optimal algorithms, and conduct computational experiments. Some managerial insights are observed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.
Evaluating the Use of Neonatal Colonization Screening for Empiric Antibiotic Therapy of Sepsis and Pneumonia

(1) Background: Since 2013, weekly screening for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDRGN) bacteria has been performed in German neonatal intensive care units (NICU). National guidelines recommend considering these colonization analyses for antibiotic treatment regimens. Our retrospective single center study provides insight into the clinical dichotomy of bacterial colonization and infection rates in neonates. (2) Methods: We analyzed microbiological data of neonates admitted to our tertiary level NICU over nine years. Colonization with MDRGN/Serratia marcescens (SERMA) was compared to microbiological findings in sepsis and pneumonia. (3) Results: We analyzed 917 blood and 1799 tracheal aspirate samples. After applying criteria from the Nosocomial Infection Surveillance for Neonates (NEO-KISS), we included 52 and 55 cases of sepsis and pneumonia, respectively; 19.2% of sepsis patients and 34.5% of pneumonia patients had a prior colonization with MDRGN bacteria or SERMA. In these patients, sepsis was not attributable to MDRGN bacteria yet one SERMA, while in pneumonias, ten MDRGN bacteria and one SERMA were identified. We identified late-onset pneumonia and cesarean section as risk factors for MDRGN/SERMA acquisition. (4) Conclusions: Colonization screening is a useful tool for hygiene surveillance. However, our data suggest that consideration of colonization with MDRGN/SERMA might promote extensive use of last resort antibiotics in neonates.
Effects of Anisotropy in Axisymmetric Cylindrical Shells

1 Wang, H. C. , "Generalized Hypergeometric Function Solutions on the Transverse Vibration of a Class of Nonuniform Beams," JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS, V o l . 34, N o . 3, TRANS. A S M E , Series E, Vol. 89, Sept. 1967, pp. 702-70S. 2 Lardner, T. J., "Vibrations of Beams With Exponentially Varying Properties," to be published. 3 Lardner, T. J., "Exact Solution of the Equations for Shallow Shells of Revolution," to appear in the Quarterly of Applied Mathematics. 4 Mcllroy, M. D. , "Linear Deformations of Conical Shells, Journal of the Aerospace Scienccs, Vol. 26, 1959, pp. 253-254. 5 Kovalenko, A. D. , "Solution of the Problem of the Cyclically Symmetrical Deformation of a Conical Shell in Degenerate Hypergeometric Functions," English translation from Russian of "Theory of Shells and Plates," Proceedings of the Fourth All Union Conference on Shells and Plates, Erevan, Oct. 24-31, 1962, edited by Durgay-yan, S. M „ NASA T T F-341, 1966. 6 Wrineh, D. , "An Asymptotic Formula for the Hypergeometric Function oAiOO," Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 41, Series 6, 1929, pp. 161-173. 7 Erdelyi, A. , et al., Higher Transcendental Functions, Vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953, p. 206. 8 Mansfield, E. H. , The Bending and Stretching of Plates, Pergamon Press, New York, 1964.
Experimental and Analytical Studies on Lightning Surge Response of the Quadruple-Circuit Transmission Line

The compact design of a 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission line can effectively reduce the line corridor area, but the height of the tower also increases, increasing the probability of suffering a lightning strike. The 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines carry more energy, and because of this, lightning strikes that cause power line trips are more likely to result in large-scale power outages. Therefore, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the lightning performance of 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines. First, simulated lightning-striking experiments were carried out on a scaled 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission line in the laboratory, where transient voltages and currents were measured. Second, a numerical model was established with the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, which was then verified with the experimental results. Third, lightning surge responses of a 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission line under near-real facility conditions are estimated with the verified FDTD model. In the simulations, influencing factors, such as the rise time of injecting current, the velocity of return-stroke current and the terrains, were taken into consideration, but not in previous lightning surge analysis with the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). Results show that insulator voltages on the same tower cross-arm are nearly identical, although the length of the cross-arm is large enough. Furthermore, it is found that the rise time and the lightning current velocity have great effects on the lightning surge response, and the terrains are less impactful but not negligible. Therefore, these factors should be considered carefully where higher accuracy lightning protection design is necessary.
Bayesian Encompassing Tests of a Unit Root Hypothesis

The object of this paper is to report, for a simple testing problem of a unit root hypothesis, some experience regarding the numerical problems involved by using a Bayesian encompassing test, i.e., a Bayesian procedure that treats the null and the alternative hypotheses as different models, the null one and the alternative one, that share a same sample space but with different parameter spaces. Numerical procedures and efficient simulations are discussed briefly, and the numerical results so obtained are used to evaluate the meaning of the prior specification and of the empirical evidence about a unit root inference.
Possibilities of quantitative Makyoh topography

Geometrical optical approaches to the reconstruction of surface topography from their Makyoh images are reviewed. A simple numerical algorithm is proposed for one-dimensional (1D) reconstruction. For the 2D case, the use of structured illumination is shown, and tentative results of an iterative algorithm are presented. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
Upper bounds on the list-decoding radius of Reed-Solomon codes

Upper bounds are presented on the number of errors that can be corrected by a list decoder of Reed-Solomon codes. A range of code parameters is identified where the list decoding algorithm of Guruswami and Sudan (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.45, p.1757-67, 1999) attains those bounds.
3D Image Display Using Holographic Stereograms

The holographic stereogram is synthesized from a series of ordinary photographs, and is a very attractive medium for displaying 3D images. This paper presents a method of synthesizing a cylindrical hologrphic stereogram with white light reconstruction called multiplex hologram, and fundamental properties of reconstructed images such as distortion and resolution. An application to 3D display of medical X-ray images is proposed.
First-principles investigation of higher oxides of uranium and neptunium : U3O8 and Np2O5

A computational study is presented of the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of U3O8 and Np2O5, which are actinide oxides in a higher oxidation state than the tetravalent state of the common dioxide phases, UO2 and NpO2. The calculations are based on the density functional theory +U approach, in which additional Coulomb correlations on the actinide atom are taken into account. The calculated properties of these two higher oxidized actinide oxides are analyzed and compared to those of their tetravalent analogs. The optimized structural parameters of these noncubic oxides are found to be in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. U3O8 is predicted to be a magnetic insulator, having one U atom in a hexavalent oxidation state and two U atoms in a pentavalent oxidation state. For Np2O5, which is also predicted to be an insulator, a complicated noncollinear magnetic structure is computed, leading to a nonzero overall magnetization with a slight antiferromagnetic canting. The calculated electronic structures are presented and the variation of the U 5f or Np 5f-O 2p hybridization with the oxidation state is analyzed. With increasing oxygen content, the nearly localized 5f electrons of the actinide elements are more positioned near the Fermi level and the hybridization between 5f and 2p states is markedly increased.
Observational Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part I: Basic Description of Data Sets

Abstract Twelve composite data sets are constructed from rawinsonde data in the tropical northwest Pacific and tropical northwest Atlantic Oceans. Each data set is a composite average of approximately 80 individual disturbances. Four different types of non-developing oceanic tropical disturbance are composited. For comparison, disturbances in each ocean are composited at four different stages of intensification from pre-hurricane to hurricane and pre-typhoon to typhoon. In total, 912 different tropical weather systems go into the composites and approximately 40 000 rawinsonde observations are used. Details are presented on data density, number of individual weather systems averaged and mean position for each composite system. The basic thermodynamic and dynamic properties of the systems are discussed as well as regional differences between the Pacific and the Atlantic. The analyses presented here form a framework for Part II and subsequent papers which use these composite data sets to investigate the gene.
Broadband dual-polarized aperture-coupled patch antennas with modified H-shaped coupling slots

This paper presents a new design of aperture-coupled patch antennas with modified H-shaped coupling slots for achieving dual-polarization radiation with high isolation over a wide bandwidth. By using the proposed coupling slots, whose two upper side arms are bent inward with a proper angle, the isolation between the two feeding ports of the patch antenna can. greatly be improved, compared to the case with conventional H-shaped coupling slots. Also, when using a pair of modified H-shaped coupling slots for each feeding port, the isolation can further be improved; a high degree of isolation ( 20 dB) for the two polarizations can be achieved. Details of the proposed design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Multipass amplifiers using optical circulators

A method of multipassing a pulse of light through an amplifier using an optical circulator, a nonreciprocal component composed of polarization beam splitters and a Faraday rotator, is presented. The pulse can be double, triple, or quadrupole passed through the amplifier depending upon the arrangement of the optical circulator. Numerical calculations and experimental results for multipass amplifiers are presented. >
High spectral-efficiency DWDM transmission with mixed data rates and signal formats

Optical fiber transport networks have been evolving rapidly to meet the demands of today's telecommunications by providing unprecedented transmission capacity and reach. In dense wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) transport systems, 10-Gb/s channels are widely deployed, and 40-Gb/s channels are starting to be added in the same systems. In the foreseeable future, 100-Gb/s channels are expected to be carried. The realization of such high spectral- efficiency DWDM systems with mixed data rates and signal formats presents several technical challenges. In this paper, we review these challenges and discuss promising technologies that may potentially address these challenges.
Lessons from detections of the near-infrared thermal emission of hot Jupiters

Abstract There have recently been a flood of ground-based detections of the near-infrared thermal emission of a number of hot Jupiters. Although these near-infrared detections have revealed a great deal about the atmospheric characteristics of individual hot Jupiters, the question is: what information does this ensemble of near-infrared detections reveal about the atmospheric dynamics and reradiation of all hot Jupiters? I explore whether there is any correlation between how brightly these planets shine in the near-infrared compared to their incident stellar flux, as was theoretically predicted to be the case. Secondly, I look for whether there is any correlation between the host star's activity and the planet's near-infrared emission, like there is in the mid-infrared, where Spitzer observations have revealed a correlation between the host star activity with the presence, or lack thereof, of a temperature inversion and a hot stratosphere.
The use of cyclic perfluoroalkanes and SF6 in atmospheric dispersion experiments

The study of atmospheric dispersion has become increasingly important over the last 120 years or so. Research in exposure pathways, fate of pollutants, dispersion model evaluation and validation are all reliant on experimental data. The most common atmospheric tracer compounds in use at the present time are the cyclic perfluoroalkanes and sulphur hexafluoride. These compounds are non‐toxic, non‐reactive and have low atmospheric background concentrations although they are recognized as greenhouse gases. This review discusses their use relative to other tracer species. A brief history of their individual analyses is included. The review then seeks to give a concise description of some representative atmospheric tracer dispersion experiments in terms of range, duration and objectives, and tracers used. Concluding remarks relating to the future use of these species are also presented. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
{\em Ab Initio} Calculations of $\bm H_{c2}$ in Type-II Superconductors

Detailed Fermi-surface structures are essential to describe the upper critical field $H_{c2}$ in type-II superconductors, as first noticed by Hohenberg and Werthamer [Phys. Rev. {\bf 153}, 493 (1967)] and shown explicitly by Butler for high-purity cubic Niobium [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 44}, 1516 (1980)]. We derive an $H_{c2}$ equation for classic type-II superconductors which is applicable to systems with anisotropic Fermi surfaces and/or energy gaps under arbitrary field directions. It can be solved efficiently by using Fermi surfaces from {\em ab initio} electronic-structure calculations. Thus, it is expected to enhance our quantitative understanding on $H_{c2}$. Based on the formalism, we calculate $H_{c2}$ curves for Fermi surfaces of a three-dimensional tight-binding model with cubic symmetry, an isotropic gap, and no impurity scatterings. It is found that, as the Fermi surface approaches to the Brillouin zone boundary, the reduced critical field $h^{*}(T/T_{c})$, which is normalized by the initial slope at $T_{c}$, is enhanced significantly over the curve for the spherical Fermi surface with a marked upward curvature. Thus, the Fermi-surface anisotropy can be a main source of the upward curvature in $H_{c2}$ near $T_c$.
An exploratory review of literature on moderation in asynchronous discussions

Abstract With the growth of online courses, moderators can play a significant role in engaging and supporting learners in asynchronous online discussions (AODs). However, a synthesis of the research on moderators has not been performed in the 40 years since the term was first used in reference to online learning. We examined 76 studies to determine key concepts, characteristics, and factors that researchers have identified regarding moderation in educational AODs. We found disparate perspectives regarding moderator definitions, identities, roles, duties, and training approaches. Based on a comparative analysis of four conceptual frameworks on moderation, we developed a taxonomy that delineates moderator duties into managerial, monitoring, pedagogical, technical, and social roles. Understanding how moderation can be used effectively in AODs could direct future research and applications to practice by informing the development of supportive resources and training. We conclude by defining protocols applicable to a future systematic review in this area.
H1722 + 119 - A highly polarized X-ray-selected BL Lacertae object

A 15th-mag, X-ray-selected BL Lac object, H1722 + 119, has been discovered to possess a steep X-ray spectrum with power-law energy index near 1.3; radio measurements indicate a variable, compact source with 1.4-4.9 GHz power-law energy index of 0.04. The optical-IR polarization of H1722 + 119 reaches a maximum of 17 percent, which is much higher than other X-ray-selected BL Lac objects. The degree of polarization is found to be wavelength-dependent, decreasing monotonically toward the IR. 49 refs.