Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extended non-local games and monogamy-of-entanglement games

We study a generalization of non-local games—which we call extended non-local games—in which the players, Alice and Bob, initially share a tripartite quantum state with the referee. In such games, the winning conditions for Alice and Bob may depend on the outcomes of measurements made by the referee, on its part of the shared quantum state, in addition to Alice and Bob's answers to randomly selected questions. Our study of this class of games was inspired by the monogamy-of-entanglement games introduced by Tomamichel, Fehr, Kaniewski and Wehner, which they also generalize. We prove that a natural extension of the Navascués–Pironio–Acín hierarchy of semidefinite programmes converges to the optimal commuting measurement value of extended non-local games, and we prove two extensions of results of Tomamichel et al. concerning monogamy-of-entanglement games.
YB6: A ‘Ductile’ and Soft Ceramic with Strong Heterogeneous Chemical Bonding for Ultrahigh-Temperature Applications

Transition metal borides have contributed to the success of ultrahigh-temperature materials (UHTM) development. Current ZrB2- and HfB2-based UHTMs exhibit high-temperature environmental stability, high strength and modulus but inevitable brittleness due to strong covalent bonding. In contrast but interestingly, YB6 is predicted as a ‘ductile’ and soft ceramic for ultrahigh-temperature applications, through density functional theory investigations on its electronic structure and bonding properties. The ‘ductility’ is underpinned by chemical bonding anisotropy, that is, a strong σ bond connecting the B6 octahedra and a weak banana bond formed by overlapping the lobes of two perpendicular p orbitals (τ bond).
The interface between subnational and national levels of government

Multilevel regulatory governancethat is to say, taking into account the rule-making and rule-enforcement activities of all the different levels of government, not just the national level – is another core element of effective regulatory management. The OECD’s 2005 Guiding Principles for Regulatory Quality and Performance “encourage Better Regulation at all levels of government, improved co-ordination, and the avoidance of overlapping responsibilities among regulatory authorities and levels of government”. It is relevant to all countries that are seeking to improve their regulatory management, whether they are federations, unitary states or somewhere in between.
Large pericardial effusion: the differentiation of tuberculous from chronic idiopathic effusion.

AIMS Tuberculosis is a common cause of pericardial effusion in many parts of the world often presenting with tamponade. Its recognition is important but not always easy. This study was to prospectively compare the features of tuberculous with chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion. METHODOLOGY We studied 47 patients with large pericardial effusions or tamponade. All had pericardiocentesis and chest CT studies. Twenty-eight had tuberculous and 19 viral or idiopathic effusion. Pericardial biopsy was done in 26/28 and tuberculin skin test in 23/28 with tuberculosis and all received specific treatment. RESULTS Patients with idiopathic effusion were older with thinner pericardium. Tamponade was frequent in both groups (64%). Fever (p<0.001) and pericardial rub (p<0.002) were more with tuberculosis. The skin test measured 17 +/- 3.2 mm. On echocardiography pericardial deposits and strands in the pericardial space were more with tuberculosis. The fluid was similar in quantity and quality. Only and all 28 with tuberculosis had enlarged mediastinal lymph glands on CT measuring 19.5 +/- 8.3 mm. On follow up of 16 +/- 10.2 months glands disappeared in 81% and regressed in 19%. Lymphadenopathy was not seen in any patient with viral/idiopathic pericarditis. All patients in both groups were well at follow up. CONCLUSIONS Tamponade is frequent with large tuberculous and chronic idiopathic effusions. The quantity and quality of the effusion were similar. Fever and pericardial rub were more frequent with tuberculosis as also deposits and strands on echocardiography and patients had a strongly positive skin test. Mediastinal lymph gland enlargement on chest CT was found only and in all with tuberculous effusion.
Pathways to the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: an observational study in three UK cities.

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer can present in a variety of ways, and with any of several symptoms. Different referral routes from primary to secondary care cater for these different presentations. The route that has received most investment in the UK National Health Service is the 2-week clinic, but the proportions of patients taking this and other routes to diagnosis are largely unknown. METHODS We designed an observational audit in Exeter, Oxford and Sheffield, UK. Colorectal cancers diagnosed in 2002 from participating practices were identified and the presence and timing of seven important clinical features noted: diarrhoea, constipation, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, the finding of an abdominal or rectal mass on examination, anaemia and positive faecal occult blood tests. The referral pathways to secondary care were identified. RESULTS Of the 151 patients studied, 112 (74%) were referred with at least one clinical feature of colorectal cancer to a specialist. Only 43 of these (28% of the total) were referred to a 2-week clinic; 39 patients (26% of the total) had an emergency admission, of whom 10 (7%) had their emergency admission after referral to a specialist for investigation but before a diagnosis had been established. The time intervals between the first consultation with a symptom of cancer and referral were mostly short. CONCLUSION Patients with colorectal cancer travel several different pathways to diagnosis. The pathway with the most resources-the 2-week clinic-is used by a minority of patients.
The nature of requests and commitments in email messages

It has long been established that many workplace tasks are managed through email communication, and that these tasks involve the exchange of requests and commitments. Users would be better able to manage and monitor tasks in their email if systems could identify the utterances which place responsibility for action on themselves or others. Such systems require a robust understanding of which utterances convey requests and commitments. Previous attempts to classify similar phenomena in email have mostly been at the message level and have lacked detailed and robust category definitions that allow unambiguous classification at the utterance level. To address this gap, this paper presents precise definitions for classifying requests and commitments in email, based on concepts from Speech Act Theory, and informed by the results of two independent manual annotation experiments using data from the Enron email corpus. The specific surface realisation of requests and commitments in email are also considered, with the aim of clarifying how a range of potentially difficult cases should be dealt with. This paper thus contributes a well-grounded definitional basis for the classification of task-oriented speech acts in email.
A score for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke

Aim Many patients with ischemic stroke have paroxysmal atrial fibrillation that may be difficult to detect. We sought to identify markers of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and construct a score that may help the clinician to select patients for anticoagulation even if investigations do not disclose atrial fibrillation. Methods A group of patients with acute ischemic stroke and TIA and documented paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was compared to a group of patients with ischemic stroke and TIA and no known paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. Clinical features, blood tests, ECG, and MRI findings were compared. Sensitivity and specificity of significant markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were calculated. A simple score based on independent markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was constructed. Results Out of 3480 patients with TIA or ischemic stroke, 237 (19%) had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 1002 (81%) had sinus rhythm. On univariate analyses, significant markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation included increasing age, females, prior ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, other heart diseases, pathologic troponin, embolic stroke and stroke in different arterial territories (all P < .01). A score including age dichotomized at 75 years, cardiac disease and troponin was constructed. Conclusion We identified many markers for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and constructed a score that may help the clinician to select patients for anticoagulation even if investigations do not disclose paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
A Representational Framework for Visual Knowledge

Visual knowledge refers to the set of conceptualizations owned and used by imagistic-domain experts on problem-solving tasks. Because of its visual nature, there is a lack of constructs for representing this kind of knowledge using ontologies. This paper presents hybrid meta-constructs proposed to formalize and represent visual knowledge using ontologies. Beyond that, this paper presents a visual knowledge based system which uses a domain ontology and the meta-constructs.
The Simulation Modeling About The Developments of GDP, Population and Primary Energy Consumption in China Based on MATLAB

In this paper, we proposed a new grey model (GM) to realize the predictions and analyses of GDP structure, population structure and primary energy consumption structure from year 2004 to 2010 based on the data from 1995 to 2003. The improved GM is obtained by the following procedure: first, statistical method of linear regression is integrated into GM to enhance prediction capability. Second, residual error modification with Markov-chain sign estimation further improve the accuracy. By the above procedure, proposed GM is expected to have better prediction performance. We discussed the development relationship between GDP structure, population structure and energy consumption structure in the future. Furthermore, the experiment is realized based on Matlab and we showed the results of Matlab simulation modeling
Design and Execution of Dynamic Collaborative Learning Experiences

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning and Computer Supported Cooperative Work are research domains whose methodological instances are vaguely recognized and even more rarely modeled. The goal of this paper is to present a new approach for the construction of dynamic collaborative learning experiences and their devolution inside an Intelligent Tutoring System. The presented approach is based on the pedagogical templates metaphor and also uses methodological services and opportunities given by the Web 2.0. In order to experiment the proposed approach, a tool purposed to design and execute dynamic collaborative learning experiences has been developed and experimented in formal e-learning settings.
Gene Specific Actions of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Subtypes

There are two homologous thyroid hormone (TH) receptors (TRs α and β), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) family. While TRs regulate different processes in vivo and other highly related NRs regulate distinct gene sets, initial studies of TR action revealed near complete overlaps in their actions at the level of individual genes. Here, we assessed the extent that TRα and TRβ differ in target gene regulation by comparing effects of equal levels of stably expressed exogenous TRs +/− T3 in two cell backgrounds (HepG2 and HeLa). We find that hundreds of genes respond to T3 or to unliganded TRs in both cell types, but were not able to detect verifiable examples of completely TR subtype-specific gene regulation. TR actions are, however, far from identical and we detect TR subtype-specific effects on global T3 response kinetics in HepG2 cells and many examples of TR subtype specificity at the level of individual genes, including effects on magnitude of response to TR +/− T3, TR regulation patterns and T3 dose response. Cycloheximide (CHX) treatment confirms that at least some differential effects involve verifiable direct TR target genes. TR subtype/gene-specific effects emerge in the context of widespread variation in target gene response and we suggest that gene-selective effects on mechanism of TR action highlight differences in TR subtype function that emerge in the environment of specific genes. We propose that differential TR actions could influence physiologic and pharmacologic responses to THs and selective TR modulators (STRMs).
Mortality among male and female smokers in Sweden: a 33 year follow up

STUDY OBJECTIVE It is still unclear if men and women are equally susceptible to the hazards of tobacco smoking. The objective of this study was to examine smoking related mortality among men and women. DESIGN In 1963 a questionnaire concerning tobacco smoking habits was sent out to a random sample from the 1960 Swedish census population. Date and cause of death have been collected for the deceased in the cohort through 1996. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS The survey included a total of 27 841 men and 28 089 women, aged 18–69 years. The response rate was 93.1% among the men and 95.4% among the women. MAIN RESULTS After adjustment for age and place of residence positive associations were found between cigarette smoking and mortality from ischaemic heart disease, aortic aneurysm, bronchitis and emphysema, cancer of the lung, upper aerodigestive sites, bladder, pancreas in both men and women, but not from cerebrovascular disease. When the effect of amount of the cigarette consumption was considered, female smokers displayed, for example, slightly higher relative death rates from ischaemic heart disease. However, no statistically significant gender differential in relative mortality rates was observed for any of the studied diseases. CONCLUSIONS Women and men in this Swedish cohort seem equally susceptible to the hazards of smoking, when the gender differential in smoking characteristics is accounted for. Although the cohort under study is large, there were few female smokers in the high consuming categories and the relative risk estimates are therefore accompanied by wide confidence intervals in these categories.
Correlation of Bacterial Lipid Composition with Antibiotic Resistance

The correlation of bacterial lipid composition with antibiotic resistance was investigated with particular emphasis on those organisms in which resistance may be related to membrane or envelope structure or function, as in resistance to tetracyclines and polymyxin. Chloroform-methanol-extractable lipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine fractions, and both fatty acids of these lipid fractions and total fatty acids were studied by using thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Consistent quantitative differences were found between the fatty acid compositions of sensitive and resistant strains. Most notable was the fact that, in gram-negative organisms, resistant strains showed decreases in cyclopropane acids as compared with sensitive strains. These changes were found to be inherent in the strains and not due to growth stage or culture age. No significant qualitative differences were noted. In contrast, no such variation in fatty acid content was observed in penicillin-sensitive and resistant strains of gram-positive cocci. As significant alterations of fatty acid composition were noted in gram-negative strains resistant to antibiotics, we suggest that resistance is correlated to membrane or envelope lipid composition.
Manufacturing Techniques for Microfabrication and Nanotechnology

Lithography: Photolithography. Next-Generation Lithographies and Lithography Research. Pattern Transfer with Subtractive Techniques: Dry Etching. Wet Chemical Etching and Wet Bulk Micromachining-Pools as Tools. Thermal Energy-Based Removing. Mechanical Energy-Based Removing. Pattern Transfer with Additive Techniques: Physical and Chemical Vapor Deposition-Thin Film Properties and Surface Micromachining. Chemical, Photochemical and Electrochemical Forming Techniques. Thermal Energy-Based Forming Techniques-Thermoforming. Micro-Molding Techniques-LIGA.
RET Signaling in Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Large diameter perineural prostate cancer is associated with poor outcomes. GDNF, with its coreceptor GFRα1, binds RET and activates downstream pro-oncogenic signaling. Because both GDNF and GFRα1 are secreted by nerves, we examined the role of RET signaling in prostate cancer. Experimental Design: Expression of RET, GDNF, and/or GFRα1 was assessed. The impact of RET signaling on proliferation, invasion and soft agar colony formation, perineural invasion, and growth in vivo was determined. Cellular signaling downstream of RET was examined by Western blotting. Results: RET is expressed in all prostate cancer cell lines. GFRα1 is only expressed in 22Rv1 cells, which is the only line that responds to exogenous GDNF. In contrast, all cell lines respond to GDNF plus GFRα1. Conditioned medium from dorsal root ganglia contains secreted GFRα1 and promotes transformation-related phenotypes, which can be blocked by anti-GFRα1 antibody. Perineural invasion in the dorsal root ganglion assay is inhibited by anti-GFRα antibody and RET knockdown. In vivo, knockdown of RET inhibits tumor growth. RET signaling activates ERK or AKT signaling depending on context, but phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase is markedly increased in all cases. Knockdown of p70S6 kinase markedly decreases RET induced transformed phenotypes. Finally, RET is expressed in 18% of adenocarcinomas and all three small-cell carcinomas examined. Conclusions: RET promotes transformation associated phenotypes, including perineural invasion in prostate cancer via activation of p70S6 kinase. GFRα1, which is secreted by nerves, is a limiting factor for RET signaling, creating a perineural niche where RET signaling can occur. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4885–96. ©2017 AACR.
Improving Optimization-Based Rate Adaptation in DASH System

More and more commercial video players use bitrate adaptation to adjust video quality according to varying network conditions. Optimization-based approaches are widely used for bitrate adaptation in Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). Essentially, the optimization problem is solved based on the prediction of buffer dynamics. However, stochastic chunk size deviates observably the buffer occupancy from the expected value, making the evolution hard to predict. In order to get rid of this effect and improve the prediction accuracy for buffer occupancy, we propose an algorithm based on markov decision process with incorporating chunk size information so that only the network capacity variation need to be considered in the decision-making process. Experiment results show that our solution can effectively eliminate performance oscillation induced by variable chunk size and achieve a good QoE.
Optimal Configuration of Tetrahedral Spacecraft Formations 1

The problem of determining minimum-fuel maneuver sequences for a four-spacecraft formation is considered. The objective of this paper is to find fuel-optimal spacecraft trajectories that transfer four spacecraft from an initial parking orbit to a desired terminal reference orbit while satisfying a set of constraints on the formation at the terminal time. Trajectories involving both one and two allowable maneuvers per spacecraft are considered. The resulting nonlinear optimal control problem is solved numerically using a recently developed direct transcription method called the Gauss pseudospectral method. The results presented in this paper highlight interesting features of the fuel-optimal formation and control. Furthermore, by showing that the discretized first-order optimality conditions from an indirect formulation are satisfied, a post-optimality analysis of the results demonstrates the accuracy and usefulness of the Gauss pseudospectral method.
Expression of stromelysin 3 in basal cell carcinomas.

Stromelysin 3 is a member of the metalloproteinase family, which is expressed in various remodelling processes. The prognosis of breast cancers and squamous cell carcinomas is correlated to the level of expression of this protein. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the expression of stromelysin 3 in the major types of basal cell carcinomas. We selected cases of primary tumours that were fully excised, without previous biopsy: 40 Pinkus tumors, 40 superficial, 40 nodular, 38 morpheiform basal cell carcinomas and 10 cases showing deep subcutaneous or muscular invasion. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using monoclonal anti-ST3 antibodies (MC Rio, IGBMC Strasbourg), and evaluated on a semi-quantitative scale from 0 to 3. Positively stained cells were restricted to the periphery of the epithelial cells, which, by contrast, never expressed stromelysin 3. The global rate of expression was 27% in Pinkus tumors, 65% in superficial, 72.5% in nodular, 87% in morpheiform and 100% in deeply invasive carcinomas. The rates of tumours showing the highest number of positively stained cells (class 2 or 3) were respectively 7.5%, 20%, 45%, 63% and 100%. This systematic study of stromelysin3 expression in basal cell carcinomas confirms that it is a marker of poor prognosis, because the rate of positive tumours was much higher in aggressive carcinomas. Moreover, the majority of tumours showing an intense expression (i.e. the highest number of positively stained cells in their stroma) were of the morpheiform and deeply invasive types, which are of poor prognosis. Altogether, the studies performed on cutaneous tumours are consistent with the theory of stromelysin 3 playing an active role in tumour progression.
When do noisy votes reveal the truth?

A well-studied approach to the design of voting rules views them as maximum likelihood estimators; given votes that are seen as noisy estimates of a true ranking of the alternatives, the rule must reconstruct the most likely true ranking. We argue that this is too stringent a requirement, and instead ask: How many votes does a voting rule need to reconstruct the true ranking? We define the family of pairwise-majority consistent rules, and show that for all rules in this family the number of samples required from the Mallows noise model is logarithmic in the number of alternatives, and that no rule can do asymptotically better (while some rules like plurality do much worse). Taking a more normative point of view, we consider voting rules that surely return the true ranking as the number of samples tends to infinity (we call this property accuracy in the limit); this allows us to move to a higher level of abstraction. We study families of noise models that are parametrized by distance functions, and find voting rules that are accurate in the limit for all noise models in such general families. We characterize the distance functions that induce noise models for which pairwise-majority consistent rules are accurate in the limit, and provide a similar result for another novel family of position-dominance consistent rules. These characterizations capture three well-known distance functions.