Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diving into a Large Corpus of Pediatric Notes

This paper is about an ongoing project in which we hypothesize that infant colic has causes that can be illuminated by digging into a large corpus of pediatric notes collected at the New York Presbyterian Hospital. Our ultimate goal is to conduct a largescale study to understand infant colic and potentially other conditions, through Machine Learning on large, high-dimensional datasets. We present our preliminary exploration of the notes to bring them in a form amenable to Machine Learning.
The Role of VMPC in Metamemorial Judgments of Content Retrievability

Making judgments about the retrievability of information is a critical part of the metamemory processes engaged during remembering. A recent study of patients with frontal lesions suggests that ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPC) plays a critical role in such judgments [Schnyer, D. M. , Verfaellie, M. , Alexander, M. P., Lafleche, G. , Nicholls, L. , & Kaszniak, A. W. A role for right medial prefrontal cortex in accurate feeling of knowing judgments: Evidence from patients with lesions to frontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 42, 957966, 2004]. The observed impairment was thought to reflect an inability to determine the accessibility of memory contents. To further examine the neuroanatomical basis of content accessibility assessment, we used fMRI in an episodic feeling-of-knowing (FOK) paradigm. Participants were asked to make trial-by-trial predictions about the retrievability of the final word that completed studied sentences and then to select the correct completion from among alternatives. Results indicated that the VMPC is engaged during accurate FOK judgments and its activation is modulated by retrieval rating. Structural equations modeling supported the notion that VMPC, as part of a broader left hemisphere network involved in memory retrieval, monitors the output of the retrieval process. More generally, VMPC may participate in metacognitive processes that allow for the comparison of available data against an internal model.
Update-Efficient Error-Correcting Regenerating Codes

Regenerating codes provide an efficient way to recover data a t failed nodes in distributed storage systems. It has been shown that regenerating codes can be designed to minimize the per-node storage (called MSR) or minimize the communication overhead for regeneration (called MBR). In this work, we propose new encoding schemes for [n,d] error-correcting MSR and MBR codes that generalize our earlier work on error-correcting regenerating codes. We show that by choosing a suitable diagonal matrix, any generator matrix of the [n,�] Reed-Solomon (RS) code can be integrated into the encoding matrix. Hence, MSR codes with the least update complexity can be found. By using the coefficients of generator polynomials of [n,k] and [n,d] RS codes, we present a least-update-complexity encoding scheme for MBR codes. An efficient decoding scheme is propose d that utilizes the [n,�] RS code to perform data reconstruction for MSR codes. The proposed decoding scheme has better error correction capability and incurs the least number of node accesses when errors are present. A new decoding scheme is also proposed for MBR codes that can correct more error-patterns.
Cooling Radiation and the Lyα Luminosity of Forming Galaxies

We examine the cooling radiation from forming galaxies in hydrodynamic simulations of the LCDM model (cold dark matter with a cosmological constant), focusing on the Lyα line luminosities of high-redshift systems. Primordial composition gas condenses within dark matter potential wells, forming objects with masses and sizes comparable to the luminous regions of observed galaxies. As expected, the energy radiated in this process is comparable to the gravitational binding energy of the baryons, and the total cooling luminosity of the galaxy population peaks at z ≈ 2. However, in contrast to the classical picture of gas cooling from the ~106 K virial temperature of a typical dark matter halo, we find that most of the cooling radiation is emitted by gas with T < 20,000 K. As a consequence, roughly 50% of this cooling radiation emerges in the Lyα line. While a galaxy's cooling luminosity is usually smaller than the ionizing continuum luminosity of its young stars, the two are comparable in the most massive systems, and the cooling radiation is produced at larger radii, where the Lyα photons are less likely to be extinguished by dust. We suggest, in particular, that cooling radiation could explain the two large (~100 kpc), luminous (LLyα ~ 1044 ergs s-1) "blobs" of Lyα emission found in the narrowband survey of a z = 3 protocluster by Steidel and collaborators. Our simulations predict objects of the observed luminosity at about the right space density, and radiative transfer effects can account for the observed sizes and line widths. We discuss observable tests of this hypothesis for the nature of the Lyα blobs, and we present predictions for the contribution of cooling radiation to the Lyα luminosity function of galaxies as a function of redshift.
An actuator system for investigating electrophysiological and biomechanical features around the human ankle joint during gait

A system has been developed which is able to impose a fast ankle rotation during gait. The two-link system consists of a mechanical joint which is strapped to the calf and the foot of the subject. The mechanical joint turns around the ankle joint by means of Bowden wires and it is connected to a motor placed next to a treadmill where the subject is walking. By position feedback from the mechanical joint the motor is regulated in such a may that it follows the movement of the ankle joint without influencing the gait pattern. The system is designed to impose a fast ankle rotation with a displacement of up to 20/spl deg/, e.g., a 8/spl deg/ stretch is performed with a rise time of 32 ms during any time of the gait cycle. The system attached to the subject's leg weights in total 0.9 kg. The system is designed to elicit a stretch reflex in the ankle extensor muscles during walking. The prospect of the system is to investigate electrophysiological and biomechanical features during a naturally evoked stretch reflex of the ankle extensors in both healthy and motor impaired subjects. The system is able to produce a perturbation of the ankle extensors at a walking speed of up to 6 km/h during the total gait cycle.
Abundant Crystalline Silicates in the Disk of a Very Low Mass Star

We announce the discovery of SST-Lup3-1, a very low mass star close to the brown dwarf boundary in Lupus III with a circum(sub)stellar disk, discovered by the "Cores to Disks" Spitzer Legacy Program from mid-infrared, with very conspicuous crystalline silicate features in its spectrum. It is the first of such objects with a full 5-35 μm spectrum taken with the IRS, and it shows strong 10 and 20 μm silicate features with high feature-to-continuum ratios and clear crystalline features out to 33 μm. The dust in the disk upper layer has a crystalline silicate grain fraction between 15% and 33%, depending on the assumed dust continuum. The availability of the full Spitzer infrared spectrum allows an analysis of the dust composition as a function of temperature and position in the disk. The hot (~300 K) dust responsible for the 10 μm feature consists of a roughly equal mix of small (~0.1 μm) and large (~1.5 μm) grains, whereas the cold (~70 K) dust responsible for the longer wavelength silicate features contains primarily large grains (>1 μm). Since the cold dust emission arises from deeper layers in the inner (<3 AU) disk as well as from the surface layers of the outer (3-5 AU) disk, this provides direct evidence for combined grain growth and settling in the disk. The inferred crystalline mass fractions in the two components are comparable. Since only the inner 0.02 AU of the disk is warm enough to anneal the amorphous silicate grains, even the lowest fraction of 15% of crystalline material requires either very efficient mixing or other formation mechanisms.
The terminal velocity of sedimenting particles in a flowing fluid

The influence of an underlying carrier flow on the terminal velocity of sedimenting particles is investigated both analytically and numerically. Our theoretical framework works for a general class of (laminar or turbulent) velocity fields and, by means of an ordinary perturbation expansion at small Stokes number, leads to closed partial differential equations (PDE) whose solutions contain all relevant information on the sedimentation process. The set of PDE is solved by means of direct numerical simulations for a class of 2D cellular flows (static and time dependent) and the resulting phenomenology is analysed and discussed.
Towards User-Adaptive Annotation Guidelines

In this paper we address the issue of useradaptivity for annotation guidelines. We show that different user groups have different needs towards these documents, a fact neglected by most of current annotation guidelines. We propose a formal specification of the structure of annotation guidelines, thus suggesting a minimum set of requirements that guidelines should fulfill. Finally, we sketch the use of these specifications by exemplary applications, resulting in user-specific guideline representations.
Demonstrating 100 Gbps optical packet switching using 16-bit longest prefix matching forwarding engine

Wire-rate packet processing and its energy saving for over 100 Gbps speed of line are the issues to resolve in optical packet switching. For that purpose, we have newly developed an electronic header processing unit for optical packets in which the 23-bit longest prefix matching (LPM) forwarding engine LSIs are embedded. This paper reports the successful experiment of electronic header processing and optical switching of optical packets by the use of the LSIs. This success also indicates that optical packet switching has gotten close to deployment to the IP networks, where a 16-bit optical packet address is simply copied from a 32-bit IPv4 address.
Oh Baby! Evaluating the Impact of Blossom's Natural Childbirth Prep Course on Women's Childbirth Experience

The United States has some of the highest rates of maternal morbidity and mortality among developed countries. Comprehensive childbirth education is an important component of improving maternal health outcomes. This project was a pilot evaluation of a childbirth education course offered by Blossom Birth Services, a community-based non-profit organization providing resources for new and expectant families in the San Francisco Bay Area. A 41-item survey questionnaire was developed and administered to explore the impact of Blossom’s Natural Childbirth Prep course on women’s knowledge, feelings, and sense of self-efficacy regarding childbirth. Likert scales were used and thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted. All survey respondents (N=13) indicated that the course reduced their fear of childbirth to some degree and prepared their partner to support them during labor and delivery. Most respondents indicated that after taking the course they felt prepared to have a vaginal birth without medical interventions and medications. All respondents attempted and subsequently had a vaginal birth but roughly half (58%) had some form of medical intervention. Qualitative data suggests that emphasizing “natural” childbirth and birth “plans” can foster negative feelings in women who have complicated births. More research into how language impacts women’s perceptions and feelings towards childbirth needs to be conducted. Suggestions for course and program improvements include modifications to course content, delivery, and language; systematic channeling of childbirth course participants into existing postpartum support classes; establishing a program to share birth experiences; and establishing a team and budget dedicated to program evaluation.
The Effects of Equine-assisted Activities and Therapy on Resting-state Brain Function in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Objective Equine-assisted activities and therapy (EAA/T) have been used as adjunct treatment options for physical and psychosocial rehabilitation. However, the therapeutic effects on resting-state brain function have not yet been studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of EAA/T on participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by comparing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signals and their clinical correlates. Methods Ten participants with ADHD participated in a 12-week EAA/T program without any medication. Two rs-fMRIs were acquired for all participants before and after EAA/T. For estimating therapeutic effect, the regional homogeneity (ReHo) method was applied to capture the changes in the regional synchronization of functional signals. Results After the EAA/T program, clear symptom improvement was found even without medication. Surface-based pairwise comparisons revealed that ReHo in the right precuneus and right pars orbitalis clusters had significantly diminished after the program. Reduced ReHo in the right precuneus cluster was positively correlated with changes in the scores on DuPaul’s ADHD Rating Scale-Korean version. Conclusion Our results indicate that EAA/T is associated with short-range functional connectivity in the regions related to the default mode network and the behavioral inhibition system, which are associated with symptom improvement.
Multicolored Blindfolds

Past studies have found that multicultural approaches to diversity can reduce prejudice and stimulate positive intergroup relations. The current research explored a possible negative side effect of multiculturalism: whether organizational diversity structures geared toward multiculturalism can conceal racial discrimination and delegitimize racial discrimination claims. Three studies found that, even when objective information was indicative of discrimination, both Whites and racial minorities perceived organizations which had diversity policies emphasizing multiculturalism as more fair toward minorities. This perception of (false) fairness led individuals to perceive less racial discrimination and to view claims of racial discrimination against that organization as less legitimate. Furthermore, we found that organizational multiculturalism and externally granted diversity awards both produced a (false) fairness effect. The results suggest an irony of multicultural diversity structures: They can create a false fairness effect that conceals and delegitimizes discrimination.
Correction of parameter error in rotating linear probe using image registration for ultrasonic diagnostic imaging

Spatial compounding has been used in ultrasonic imaging for suppressing speckle noise. The technique generally involves electronically steering the ultrasonic beams. In this paper, we present a spatial compounding approach where the component image is acquired by mechanically rotating the probe element. A linear transducer array is rotated about an axis in the plane of the image. The goal is to avoid the problems associated with the electronic beam steering at a large angle such as decrease in the effective aperture size, grating lobe effect, and decrease in transducer sensitivity caused by obliquity factor. In the computation of the ultrasound image, we need the values of the axis of rotation and angular position of the transducer array. However, the construction of the rotation mechanism and the control system accompanies the inevitable uncertainties in these values. These parameter errors result in the target position error, and the consequence is the blurry compounded image. We present the spatial compounding for rotating linear probe in the presence of parameter error using image registration. The effect of the uncertainty in the mechanical parameters was compensated by registering the wire target images before spatial compounding. An efficient registration algorithm was developed to compute the transformation matrix required for the registration. The component images were registered by the transformation matrix before spatial compounding and the effect of the parameter errors were removed.
A chemical collaboratory using Explorer EyeChem and the common client interface

Two IRIS Explorer modules have been developed which fully interact with one or more Mosaic WorldWide-Web browsers, thereby enabling multiple remote Explorer EyeChem applications to exchange virtual molecular worlds. During 1994, use of the Internet wide-area network for chemical data exchange and collaboration grew very significantly, but this growth has not been matched by corresponding development of appropriate Internet standards and suitable network-cognisant tools. From our own research, we have identified two specific areas which we believe urgently require attention. We are addressing the need for Internet-based chemical standards by proposing the use of chemical Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) content types to transfer semantically rich chemical data [6] via information delivery tools such as WorldWide-Web (WWW). Whilst this client/server model is ideal for archiving, we are also convinced of a separate need to develop realt ime chemical co l laborator ies for the exchange of molecular worlds between two or more scientists. A chemical collaboratory should have four principal attributes. The software should:
Bipolar Disorder Affects Behavior and Social Skills on the Internet

Background Bipolar disorder (BD) is a significant cause of functional, cognitive, and social impairment. However, classic studies of functioning and social skills have not investigated how BD may impact behavior on the Internet. Given that the digital age has been changing the way people communicate, this study aims to investigate the pattern of Internet use in patients with BD. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed 30 patients with BD I or II and 30 matched controls. Patients were not in an acute mood episode, according to DSM-IV. A standard protocol examined sociodemographic variables and social behavior on the Internet, assessed by Facebook number of friends (FBN) and lifetime estimated number of offline contacts (social network number, SNN). Results SNN (p<0.001) and FBN (p = 0.036) of patients with BD were significantly lower than those of controls. Also, variables related with Internet use were significantly lower in patients, e.g., close contacts on Facebook (p = 0.021), Internet experience (p = 0.020), and knowledge of terms associated with social networking sites (p = 0.042). Also, patients showed lower rates of the expected pattern of Internet use (based on their age generation), including a poorer knowledge of SNS (p = 0.018) and a lower frequency of Internet use (p = 0.010). Discussion This study suggests that patients with BD show smaller social networks both in real-world settings and on the Internet. Also, patients tend to use the Internet and social networking sites less frequently and show a poorer knowledge of Internet and social media than healthy controls, below the expected for their generation. These significant differences between patients and controls suggest that the effects of BD on social relationships and functioning extend to electronic media.
Skitters and jacks: interactive 3D positioning tools

Let <italic>scene composition</italic> be the precise placement of shapes relative to each other, using affine transformations. By this definition, the steps of scene composition are the selection of objects to be moved, the choice of transformation, and the specification of the parameters of the transformation. These parameters can be divided into two classes: <italic>anchors</italic> (such as an axis of rotation) and <italic>end conditions</italic> (such as a number of degrees to rotate). I discuss the advantages of using Cartesian coordinate frames to describe both kinds of parameters. Coordinate frames used in this way are called <italic>jacks</italic>. I also describe an interactive technique for placing jacks, using a three-dimensional cursor, called a <italic>skitter</italic>.
Covariant counter-terms and conserved charges in asymptotically flat spacetimes

Recent work has shown that the addition of an appropriate covariant boundary term to the gravitational action yields a well-defined variational principle for asymptotically flat spacetimes and thus leads to a natural definition of conserved quantities at spatial infinity. Here we connect such results to other formalisms by showing explicitly (i) that for spacetime dimension d ⩾ 4 the canonical form of the above-mentioned covariant action is precisely the ADM action, with the familiar ADM boundary terms and (ii) that for d = 4 the conserved quantities defined by counter-term methods agree precisely with the Ashtekar–Hansen conserved charges at spatial infinity.
Ageing of Edges in Collaboration Networks and its Effect on Author Rankings

In this paper we show that assigning weights to the edges in a collaboration network of authors, according to a decreasing exponential function depending on the time elapsed since the publication of a common paper, may add valuable information to the process of ranking authors based on importance. The main idea is that a recent collaboration represents a stronger tie between the co-authors than an older one and, therefore, reduces the weight of potential citations between the co-authors. We test this approach, on a well-known data set and with an established methodology of using PageRank-based ranking techniques and reference sets of awarded authors and demonstrate that edge ageing may improve the ranking of authors.
An improved reduced candidate modes approach for HEVC intra prediction

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is currently the latest standard in video compression. HEVC aims at compression of video at half the bit rate with the same quality or at the same bit rate with an improved quality compared to its predecessor, H.264. However, the increase in prediction modes (35) in HEVC has significantly affected the encoder complexity. In this paper, a reduced number of candidate modes is used in the Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) process using a threshold which is based on the difference between the cost of the first mode and that of the last selected mode in the rough mode decision process. To the best of knowledge of the authors, the simulation results based on the proposed method outperform those from all other works that also make use of reduced modes. The method indeed yields an average of 41.8% time savings achievement along with an acceptable loss in quality (0.077 dB) and a negligible increase in bit rate (0.07%) compared to HM 10.
The Electronic Medical Record: Promises and Problems

Despite the growth of computer technology in medicine, most medical encounters are still documented on paper medical records. The electronic medical record has numerous documented benefits, yet its use is still sparse. This article describes the state of electronic medical records, their advantage over existing paper records, the problems impeding their implementation, and concerns over their security and confidentiality. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Representing a robotic domain using temporal description logics

A temporal logic for representing and reasoning on a robotic domain is presented. Actions are represented by describing what is true while the action itself is occurring, and plans are constructed by temporally relating actions and world states. The temporal language is a member of the family of Description Logics, which are characterized by high expressivity combined with good computational properties. The logic is used to organize the domain actions and plans in a taxonomy. The classification and recognition tasks, together with the subsumption task form the basis for action management. An action/plan description can be automatically classified into a taxonomy; an action/plan instance can be recognized to take place at a certain moment from the observation of what is happening in the world during a time interval.