Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Listening to the sound of silence: Investigating the consequences of disfluent silent pauses in speech for listeners

Silent pauses are a common form of disfluency in speech yet little attention has been paid to them in the psycholinguistic literature. The present paper investigates the consequences of such silences for listeners, using an Event-Related Potential (ERP) paradigm. Participants heard utterances ending in predictable or unpredictable words, some of which included a disfluent silence before the target. In common with previous findings using er disfluencies, the N400 dierence between predictable and unpredictable words was attenuated for the utterances that included silent pauses, suggesting a reduction in the relative processing benefit for predictable words. An earlier relative negativity, topographically distinct from the N400 eect and identifiable as a Phonological Mismatch Negativity (PMN), was found for fluent utterances only. This suggests that only in the fluent condition did participants perceive the phonology of unpredictable words to mismatch with their expectations. By contrast, for disfluent utterances only, unpredictable words gave rise to a late left frontal positivity, an eect previously observed following ers and disfluent repetitions. We suggest that this eect reflects the engagement of working memory processes that occurs when fluent speech is resumed. Using a surprise recognition memory test, we also
Valorising the IoT Databox: creating value for everyone

The Internet of Things is expected to generate large amounts of heterogeneous data from diverse sources including physical sensors, user devices and social media platforms. Over the last few years, significant attention has been focused on personal data, particularly data generated by smart wearable and smart home devices. Making personal data available for access and trade is expected to become a part of the data‐driven digital economy. In this position paper, we review the research challenges in building personal Databoxes that hold personal data and enable data access by other parties and potentially thus sharing of data with other parties. These Databoxes are expected to become a core part of future data marketplaces. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptide Transporter CstA Imports Pyruvate in Escherichia coli K-12

ABSTRACT Pyruvate is an important intermediate of central carbon metabolism and connects a variety of metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli. Although the intracellular pyruvate concentration is dynamically altered and tightly balanced during cell growth, the pyruvate transport system remains unclear. Here, we identified a pyruvate transporter in E. coli using high-throughput transposon sequencing. The transposon mutant library (a total of 5 × 105 mutants) was serially grown with a toxic pyruvate analog (3-fluoropyruvate [3FP]) to enrich for transposon mutants lacking pyruvate transport function. A total of 52 candidates were selected on the basis of a stringent enrichment level of transposon insertion frequency in response to 3FP treatment. Subsequently, their pyruvate transporter function was examined by conventional functional assays, such as those measuring growth inhibition by the toxic pyruvate analog and pyruvate uptake activity. The pyruvate transporter system comprises CstA and YbdD, which are known as a peptide transporter and a conserved protein, respectively, whose functions are associated with carbon starvation conditions. In addition to the presence of more than one endogenous pyruvate importer, it has been suggested that the E. coli genome encodes constitutive and inducible pyruvate transporters. Our results demonstrated that CstA and YbdD comprise the constitutive pyruvate transporter system in E. coli, which is consistent with the tentative genomic locus previously suggested and the functional relationship with the extracellular pyruvate sensing system. The identification of this pyruvate transporter system provides valuable genetic information for understanding the complex process of pyruvate metabolism in E. coli. IMPORTANCE Pyruvate is an important metabolite as a central node in bacterial metabolism, and its intracellular levels are tightly regulated to maintain its functional roles in highly interconnected metabolic pathways. However, an understanding of the mechanism of how bacterial cells excrete and transport pyruvate remains elusive. Using high-throughput transposon sequencing followed by pyruvate uptake activity testing of the selected candidate genes, we found that a pyruvate transporter system comprising CstA and YbdD, currently annotated as a peptide transporter and a conserved protein, respectively, constitutively transports pyruvate. The identification of the physiological role of the pyruvate transporter system provides valuable genetic information for understanding the complex pyruvate metabolism in Escherichia coli.
Nitrosopumilus maritimus gen. nov., sp. nov., Nitrosopumilus cobalaminigenes sp. nov., Nitrosopumilus oxyclinae sp. nov., and Nitrosopumilus ureiphilus sp. nov., four marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota.

Four mesophilic, neutrophilic, and aerobic marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea, designated strains SCM1T, HCA1T, HCE1T and PS0T, were isolated from a tropical marine fish tank, dimly lit deep coastal waters, the lower euphotic zone of coastal waters, and near-surface sediment in the Puget Sound estuary, respectively. Cells are straight or slightly curved small rods, 0.15-0.26 µm in diameter and 0.50-1.59 µm in length. Motility was not observed, although strain PS0T possesses genes associated with archaeal flagella and chemotaxis, suggesting it may be motile under some conditions. Cell membranes consist of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, with crenarchaeol as the major component. Strain SCM1T displays a single surface layer (S-layer) with p6 symmetry, distinct from the p3-S-layer reported for the soil ammonia-oxidizing archaeon Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76T. Respiratory quinones consist of fully saturated and monounsaturated menaquinones with 6 isoprenoid units in the side chain. Cells obtain energy from ammonia oxidation and use carbon dioxide as carbon source; addition of an α-keto acid (α-ketoglutaric acid) was necessary to sustain growth of strains HCA1T, HCE1T, and PS0T. Strain PS0T uses urea as a source of ammonia for energy production and growth. All strains synthesize vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin). Optimal growth occurs between 25 and 32 °C, between pH 6.8 and 7.3, and between 25 and 37 ‰ salinity. All strains have a low mol% G+C content of 33.0-34.2. Strains are related by 98 % or greater 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, sharing ~85 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76T. All four isolates are well separated by phenotypic and genotypic characteristics and are here assigned to distinct species within the genus Nitrosopumilus gen. nov. Isolates SCM1T (=ATCC TSD-97T =NCIMB 15022T), HCA1T (=ATCC TSD-96T), HCE1T (=ATCC TSD-98T), and PS0T (=ATCC TSD-99T) are type strains of the species Nitrosopumilusmaritimus sp. nov., Nitrosopumilus cobalaminigenes sp. nov., Nitrosopumilus oxyclinae sp. nov., and Nitrosopumilus ureiphilus sp. nov., respectively. In addition, we propose the family Nitrosopumilaceae fam. nov. and the order Nitrosopumilales ord. nov. within the class Nitrososphaeria.
Consistency of kinematic and kinetic patterns during a prolonged spell of cricket fast bowling: an exploratory laboratory study

ABSTRACT Due to the high incidence of lumbar spine injury in fast bowlers, international cricket organisations advocate limits on workload for bowlers under 19 years of age in training/matches. The purpose of this study was to determine whether significant changes in either fast bowling technique or movement variability could be detected throughout a 10-over bowling spell that exceeded the recommended limit. Twenty-five junior male fast bowlers bowled at competition pace while three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected for the leading leg, trunk and bowling arm. Separate analyses for the mean and within-participant standard deviation of each variable were performed using repeated measures factorial analyses of variance and computation of effect sizes. No substantial changes were observed in mean values or variability of any kinematic, kinetic or performance variables, which instead revealed a high degree of consistency in kinematic and kinetic patterns. Therefore, the suggestion that exceeding the workload limit per spell causes technique- and loading-related changes associated with lumbar injury risk is not valid and cannot be used to justify the restriction of bowling workload. For injury prevention, the focus instead should be on the long-term effect of repeated spells and on the fast bowling technique itself.
In Vitro Metabolism of Oprozomib, an Oral Proteasome Inhibitor: Role of Epoxide Hydrolases and Cytochrome P450s

Oprozomib is an oral proteasome inhibitor currently under investigation in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. Oprozomib elicits potent pharmacological actions by forming a covalent bond with the active site N-terminal threonine of the 20S proteasome. Oprozomib has a short half-life across preclinical species and in patients due to systemic clearance via metabolism. Potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) could alter the exposure of this potent therapeutic; therefore, a thorough investigation of pathways responsible for metabolism is required. In the present study, the major drug-metabolizing enzyme responsible for oprozomib metabolism was identified in vitro. A diol of oprozomib was found to be the predominant metabolite in human hepatocytes, which formed via direct epoxide hydrolysis. Using recombinant epoxide hydrolases (EHs) and selective EH inhibitors in liver microsomes, microsomal EH (mEH) but not soluble EH (sEH) was found to be responsible for oprozomib diol formation. Coincubation with 2-nonylsulfanyl-propionamide, a selective mEH inhibitor, resulted in a significant decrease in oprozomib disappearance (>80%) with concurrent complete blockage of diol formation in human hepatocytes. On the contrary, a selective sEH inhibitor did not affect oprozomib metabolism. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with the pan-cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole resulted in a modest reduction (∼20%) of oprozomib metabolism. These findings indicated that mEH plays a predominant role in oprozomib metabolism. Further studies may be warranted to determine whether drugs that are mEH inhibitors cause clinically significant DDIs with oprozomib. On the other hand, pharmacokinetics of oprozomib is unlikely to be affected by coadministered P450 and sEH inhibitors and/or inducers.
A shared transfer gate 2T pixel

A pixel structure is proposed in which a vertical transfer gate is shared between two neighbor pixels. Other circuit elements are also shared and a pixel configuration with 2 transistors per pixel is introduced. The shared transfer gate is a capacitive deep trench isolation structure (CDTI) which is located at the periphery of the pixels. Using the CDTI results in a vertical charge transfer path from the depth of the pixel to the surface. At the surface of the proposed structure, there are only 1.5 transistors per pixel. By managing the doping profile at the CDTI sidewalls the vertical charge transfer with 70% charge transfer efficiency is obtained.
Turn down for what? Patient outcomes associated with declining increased infectious risk kidneys

Transplant candidates who accept a kidney labeled increased risk for disease transmission (IRD) accept a low risk of window period infection, yet those who decline must wait for another offer that might harbor other risks or never even come. To characterize survival benefit of accepting IRD kidneys, we used 2010‐2014 Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data to identify 104 998 adult transplant candidates who were offered IRD kidneys that were eventually accepted by someone; the median (interquartile range) Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) of these kidneys was 30 (16‐49). We followed patients from the offer decision until death or end‐of‐study. After 5 years, only 31.0% of candidates who declined IRDs later received non‐IRD deceased donor kidney transplants; the median KDPI of these non‐IRD kidneys was 52, compared to 21 of the IRDs they had declined. After a brief risk period in the first 30 days following IRD acceptance (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] accept vs decline: 1.222.063.49, P = .008) (absolute mortality 0.8% vs. 0.4%), those who accepted IRDs were at 33% lower risk of death 1‐6 months postdecision (aHR 0.500.670.90, P = .006), and at 48% lower risk of death beyond 6 months postdecision (aHR 0.460.520.58, P < .001). Accepting an IRD kidney was associated with substantial long‐term survival benefit; providers should consider this benefit when counseling patients on IRD offer acceptance.
High-Pressure–High Temperature (HP-HT) Stability of Polytetrafluoroethylene: Raman Spectroscopic Study Up to 10 GPa and 600 ℃

The increasing demand for use of polymers at extreme conditions makes important the exploration of their behavior in a wide pressure and temperature range, which remains unknown for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), one of the most common materials. An in situ Raman spectroscopic study of PTFE shows that it is stable within the range of 2–6 GPa at 500 ℃ and up to 12 GPa at 400 ℃. At T > 500 ℃ and P > 3.5 GPa, the graphitization of PTFE is observed, but judging from the preservation of liquid run products, PTFE can be used as a material for sample container up to 600 ℃ at this pressure. The obtained data allow the suggestion that the triple point between liquid, solid, and decomposed (carbonized) PTFE is located between 3 and 4 GPa at about 550 ℃, by analogy with the behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Mental Health Utilization in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Objective Mental health complaints are frequent in the pediatric emergency department (PED). The objective of this study was to describe trends over time in PED utilization for mental health care at in a single pediatric tertiary care hospital. It is our hypothesis that the resources used by this patient population are high and that mental health-related visits have increased over the most recent decade. Methods This was a retrospective study of all pediatric mental health presentations to the PED from January 2009 to July 2013 at a single pediatric hospital. All patients aged 1 to 19 years with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code of 291, 292, 295 to 309, and 311 to 314 were included. Data collected included demographic data, medications received, restraint use, suicidality, length of stay (LOS), charges incurred, final disposition, and daily PED operation variables. Trends over time in presentation, charges, and LOS were analyzed using multiple mixed effects regression models after adjusting for potential patient and PED level confounding variables and clustering of multiple visits within patients. Results A total of 732 PED visits from 2009 to 2013 were identified representing 646 unique patients. The average age was 13.8 years, and 53% were male. Approximately 25% of the patients expressed suicidal ideation, and 44% of those had attempted suicide before arrival. Behavioral or chemical restraints were used in 33% of patients during their PED visit. There were statistically significant increases in annual visits, LOS, and charges over this period (P < 0.05). Increased charges were significantly associated with longer LOS (P = 0.0062). Charges (P = 0.46) and LOS (P = 0.62) were not significantly different between suicidal and nonsuicidal patients. Approximately 21% of patients were admitted or transferred to another facility. Conclusions In this single-center study, we found evidence that the resources required to care for pediatric patients with mental health complaints have increased significantly over time both by increased number of annual visits and an increasing LOS. Further research is necessary to determine if our data are consistent with national trends to further our understanding of the problem and improve resource allocation.
Attitudes on Plagiarism in Programming Courses: Results from a Survey on Student Perceptions

This paper provides an updated view of the importance of various skills and traits for entry-level IT workers as perceived by the IT industry based on a web-based survey administered to IT managers nationwide. The survey consists of 47 skills and traits that include personal and interpersonal skills, as well as technical skills. This study finds that the top 12 skills and traits are personal and interpersonal skills with honesty and integrity ranked most highly. The top 5 technical skills are operating systems, security, hardware, networking, and database, which have been part of the IT core for many years. The noticeable change in technical skills is the low ranking of programming. Based on the analysis of the survey, several ideas for curriculum recommendations for IT-related programs are provided.
High Fill Factor and Open Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Diindenoperylene as Donor Material

Small‐molecule photovoltaic cells using diindenoperylene (DIP) as a new donor material in combination with the fullerene C60 as an electron acceptor are demonstrated. In addition to the successful application in planar and bulk heterojunction devices, a comprehensive analysis including structural studies, the determination of the energy level alignment and electrical transport investigations is given, stressing the correlation between growth conditions, film morphology, and device performance. Due to pronounced crystallinity and a large surface area of DIP films grown at elevated temperature, exceptionally high fill factors of almost 75% are achieved in planar heterojunction cells. Bulk heterojunctions exhibit large‐scale phase separation forming a bicontinuous network of both molecular species, which enables efficient exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport. The high ionization potential of DIP and the favorable energy level alignment with the fullerene C60 yield large open circuit voltages close to 1 V and comparable power conversion efficiencies of about 4% in both cell architectures.
Influence of energy and repetition rate of the femtosecond laser pulses on the spectral and temporal characteristics of plasma in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of aqueous solutions

Experimentally determined the influence of energy and pulse repetition rate of the femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser on the intensity of the spectral lines in the optical breakdown on the surface of an aqueous solution of CaCl2 and aqueous solutions of iron. The time dependence of the intensity of the continuous and line spectra of the plasma was obtained from the laser pulse energy. It is shown that by increasing the laser pulse repetition frequency from 20 Hz to 1000 Hz is observed up to 45% reduction of the emission line intensity Ca II (393.3 nm).
Early bioenergetic evolution

Life is the harnessing of chemical energy in such a way that the energy-harnessing device makes a copy of itself. This paper outlines an energetically feasible path from a particular inorganic setting for the origin of life to the first free-living cells. The sources of energy available to early organic synthesis, early evolving systems and early cells stand in the foreground, as do the possible mechanisms of their conversion into harnessable chemical energy for synthetic reactions. With regard to the possible temporal sequence of events, we focus on: (i) alkaline hydrothermal vents as the far-from-equilibrium setting, (ii) the Wood–Ljungdahl (acetyl-CoA) pathway as the route that could have underpinned carbon assimilation for these processes, (iii) biochemical divergence, within the naturally formed inorganic compartments at a hydrothermal mound, of geochemically confined replicating entities with a complexity below that of free-living prokaryotes, and (iv) acetogenesis and methanogenesis as the ancestral forms of carbon and energy metabolism in the first free-living ancestors of the eubacteria and archaebacteria, respectively. In terms of the main evolutionary transitions in early bioenergetic evolution, we focus on: (i) thioester-dependent substrate-level phosphorylations, (ii) harnessing of naturally existing proton gradients at the vent–ocean interface via the ATP synthase, (iii) harnessing of Na+ gradients generated by H+/Na+ antiporters, (iv) flavin-based bifurcation-dependent gradient generation, and finally (v) quinone-based (and Q-cycle-dependent) proton gradient generation. Of those five transitions, the first four are posited to have taken place at the vent. Ultimately, all of these bioenergetic processes depend, even today, upon CO2 reduction with low-potential ferredoxin (Fd), generated either chemosynthetically or photosynthetically, suggesting a reaction of the type ‘reduced iron → reduced carbon’ at the beginning of bioenergetic evolution.
Miniaturization of power divider through open circuited stubs

In this work miniaturization is done for a conventional power divider at 2.4 GHz with the line length λ/6 to λ/12 with capacitive loading method (open circuit method). A comparative work is done among the return loss, insertion loss, SWR, and area of power divider with the miniaturized λ/6 to λ/12 line length segments for best result. FR4dielectric substrate is used to materialize power divider and simulation is done through the Advanced Design System (ADS). The miniaturized power divider model have 50% reduction in size, return loss better than 31dB with the equally power division at the output ports.
Sentiment Analysis of Comments on Rohingya Movement with Support Vector Machine

The Rohingya Movement and Crisis caused a huge uproar in the political and economic state of Bangladesh. Refugee movement is a recurring event and a large amount of data in the form of opinions remains on social media such as Facebook, with very little analysis done on them.To analyse the comments based on all Rohingya related posts, we had to create and modify a classifier based on the Support Vector Machine algorithm. The code is implemented in python and uses scikit-learn library. A dataset on Rohingya analysis is not currently available so we had to use our own data set of 2500 positive and 2500 negative comments. We specifically used a support vector machine with linear kernel. A previous experiment was performed by us on the same dataset using the naive bayes algorithm, but that did not yield impressive results.