Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implications of the Eighth Joint National Committee Guidelines for the Management of High Blood Pressure for Aging Adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

The recent 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults from the Eight Joint National Committee Panel may significantly affect the aging US population. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of black and white participants in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities who participated in the fifth study visit (2011–2013). Sitting blood pressure was calculated from the average of 3 successive readings taken after a 5-minute rest. Currently, prescribed antihypertensive medications were recorded by reviewing medication containers brought to the visit. Blood pressure control was defined using both the Seventh and Eighth Joint National Committee thresholds. Of 6088 participants (mean age, 75.6 [range, 66–90] years, 58.4% women; 23.2% black), 54.9% had either diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. The prevalence of hypertension according to Seventh Joint National Committee thresholds was 81.9%, and 62.8% of the entire sample were at blood pressure goal. Using the Eighth Joint National Committee thresholds, 79.4% were at blood pressure goal (16.6% were reclassified as at-goal). Reclassification was higher for individuals with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease (20.6%) when compared with individuals without either condition (11.6%). The use of antihypertensive medications in our cohort was high, with 75.0% prescribed at least 1 antihypertensive medication and 46.7% on ≥2 antihypertensive agents. In conclusion, in a US cohort of aging white and black individuals, ≈1 in 6 individuals were reclassified as having blood pressure at goal by Eighth Joint National Committee guidelines. Despite these less aggressive goals, >20% remain uncontrolled by the new criteria.
Semantic Annotation Aggregation with Conditional Crowdsourcing Models and Word Embeddings

In modern text annotation projects, crowdsourced annotations are often aggregated using item response models or by majority vote. Recently, item response models enhanced with generative data models have been shown to yield substantial benefits over those with conditional or no data models. However, suitable generative data models do not exist for many tasks, such as semantic labeling tasks. When no generative data model exists, we demonstrate that similar benefits may be derived by conditionally modeling documents that have been previously embedded in a semantic space using recent work in vector space models. We use this approach to show state-of-the-art results on a variety of semantic annotation aggregation tasks.
Flux and Seasonality of Dissolved Organic Matter From the Northern Dvina (Severnaya Dvina) River, Russia

Pan‐Arctic riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes represent a major transfer of carbon from land‐to‐ocean, and past scaling estimates have been predominantly derived from the six major Arctic rivers. However, smaller watersheds are constrained to northern high‐latitude regions and, particularly with respect to the Eurasian Arctic, have received little attention. In this study, we evaluated the concentration of DOC and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) via optical parameters, biomarkers (lignin phenols), and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry in the Northern Dvina River (a midsized high‐latitude constrained river). Elevated DOC, lignin concentrations, and aromatic DOM indicators were observed throughout the year in comparison to the major Arctic rivers with seasonality exhibiting a clear spring freshet and also some years a secondary pulse in the autumn concurrent with the onset of freezing. Chromophoric DOM absorbance at a350 was strongly correlated to DOC and lignin across the hydrograph; however, the relationships did not fit previous models derived from the six major Arctic rivers. Updated DOC and lignin fluxes were derived for the pan‐Arctic watershed by scaling from the Northern Dvina resulting in increased DOC and lignin fluxes (50 Tg yr−1 and 216 Gg yr−1, respectively) compared to past estimates. This leads to a reduction in the residence time for terrestrial carbon in the Arctic Ocean (0.5 to 1.8 years). These findings suggest that constrained northern high‐latitude rivers are underrepresented in models of fluxes based from the six largest Arctic rivers with important ramifications for the export and fate of terrestrial carbon in the Arctic Ocean.
Managing Medline: A Comparison of a Native XML Database System with a Relational Database System

The rapid growth of public literature databases like MEDLINE has created the need to efficiently store, retrieve and update the millions of scholarly articles and literature they contain. We believe using alternative database systems like Native XML databases (NXD) will greatly speed up the update process significantly. We used existing and selfdeveloped software packages to parse and load the 2006 release of MEDLINE into two different database systems, namely a NXD (Berkeley DB) and a relational database system (PostgreSQL). The two systems were compared using data collected on loading and parsing times, disk-space utilization and query performance. The NXD offered a significantly faster performance in terms of data parsing and loading times. It was also easier to update and maintain, compared to the relational database system. However, in comparison, the relational database system we tested offered better performance in querying large datasets and was also significantly lower on disk-space utilization.
Mutational Analysis of the High-Affinity Zinc Binding Site Validates a Refined Human Dopamine Transporter Homology Model

The high-resolution crystal structure of the leucine transporter (LeuT) is frequently used as a template for homology models of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Although similar in structure, DAT differs considerably from LeuT in a number of ways: (i) when compared to LeuT, DAT has very long intracellular amino and carboxyl termini; (ii) LeuT and DAT share a rather low overall sequence identity (22%) and (iii) the extracellular loop 2 (EL2) of DAT is substantially longer than that of LeuT. Extracellular zinc binds to DAT and restricts the transporter‚s movement through the conformational cycle, thereby resulting in a decrease in substrate uptake. Residue H293 in EL2 praticipates in zinc binding and must be modelled correctly to allow for a full understanding of its effects. We exploited the high-affinity zinc binding site endogenously present in DAT to create a model of the complete transmemberane domain of DAT. The zinc binding site provided a DAT-specific molecular ruler for calibration of the model. Our DAT model places EL2 at the transporter lipid interface in the vicinity of the zinc binding site. Based on the model, D206 was predicted to represent a fourth co-ordinating residue, in addition to the three previously described zinc binding residues H193, H375 and E396. This prediction was confirmed by mutagenesis: substitution of D206 by lysine and cysteine affected the inhibitory potency of zinc and the maximum inhibition exerted by zinc, respectively. Conversely, the structural changes observed in the model allowed for rationalizing the zinc-dependent regulation of DAT: upon binding, zinc stabilizes the outward-facing state, because its first coordination shell can only be completed in this conformation. Thus, the model provides a validated solution to the long extracellular loop and may be useful to address other aspects of the transport cycle.
An Evaluation of a Conservative Transmit Power Control Mechanism on an Indoor 802.11 Wireless Mesh Testbed

Power control techniques for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks have already gained considerable attention. Such techniques are particularly attractive because they can improve various aspects of wireless network operation such as interference mitigation, spatial reuse in dense wireless deployments, topology control, and link quality enhancement. In this paper we propose a novel delivery ratio based Conservative Transmit Power Control (ConTPC) mechanism. Our implementation is conservative when it comes to deciding if the transmit power should be reduced for a given link. This is because we do not want poor quality wireless links to further reduce their quality and be overwhelmed by other links transmitting at maximum power. We have experimentally evaluated the benefit of the proposed power control scheme when compared with fixed power level systems. We show that our ConTPC mechanism can increase the throughput, however the magnitude of this enhancement largely depends on the topology of the wireless network.
Old dogs are great at new tricks: column stores for ir prototyping

We make the suggestion that instead of implementing custom index structures and query evaluation algorithms, IR researchers should simply store document representations in a column-oriented relational database and implement ranking models using SQL. For rapid prototyping, this is particularly advantageous since researchers can explore new scoring functions and features by simply issuing SQL queries, without needing to write imperative code. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by an implementation of conjunctive BM25 using two modern column stores. Experiments on a web collection show that a retrieval engine built in this manner achieves effectiveness and efficiency on par with custom-built retrieval engines, but provides many additional advantages, including cleaner query semantics, a simpler architecture, built-in support for error analysis, and the ability to exploit advances in database technology "for free".
A transient dopamine signal encodes subjective value and causally influences demand in an economic context

Significance A central tenet of economics is that as the price of a commodity increases, its demand goes down because individuals choose to buy less. Mounting evidence supports a role for the neuromodulator dopamine in representing subjective value. We investigated the role of dopamine in valuation by presenting rats with a reward across a range of prices. We showed that dopamine concentration decreased with price and increasing release using optogenetic manipulations-altered price sensitivity. Increasing release prior to reward delivery made animals more sensitive to price, whereas increasing release at reward delivery made animals less sensitive to price. These data extend the notion that dopamine release events encode subjective value and further demonstrate that increasing dopamine release causally modifies price sensitivity. The mesolimbic dopamine system is strongly implicated in motivational processes. Currently accepted theories suggest that transient mesolimbic dopamine release events energize reward seeking and encode reward value. During the pursuit of reward, critical associations are formed between the reward and cues that predict its availability. Conditioned by these experiences, dopamine neurons begin to fire upon the earliest presentation of a cue, and again at the receipt of reward. The resulting dopamine concentration scales proportionally to the value of the reward. In this study, we used a behavioral economics approach to quantify how transient dopamine release events scale with price and causally alter price sensitivity. We presented sucrose to rats across a range of prices and modeled the resulting demand curves to estimate price sensitivity. Using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we determined that the concentration of accumbal dopamine time-locked to cue presentation decreased with price. These data confirm and extend the notion that dopamine release events originating in the ventral tegmental area encode subjective value. Using optogenetics to augment dopamine concentration, we found that enhancing dopamine release at cue made demand more sensitive to price and decreased dopamine concentration at reward delivery. From these observations, we infer that value is decreased because of a negative reward prediction error (i.e., the animal receives less than expected). Conversely, enhancing dopamine at reward made demand less sensitive to price. We attribute this finding to a positive reward prediction error, whereby the animal perceives they received a better value than anticipated.
Multicast On-chip Traffic Analysis Targeting Manycore NoC Design

The scalability of Network-on-Chip (NoC) designs has become a rising concern as we enter the many core era. Multicast support represents a particular yet relevant case within this context and has been the focus of different research efforts, mainly due to the poor performance of NoCs in the presence of this increasingly important type of traffic. However, most of the proposed schemes have been evaluated using synthetic traffic or within a full system, which is either unrealistic or costly. While traffic models would allow to better assess their performance, existing proposals do not distinguish between unicast and multicast flows and often are bound to a given number of cores. In this paper, a trace-based multicast traffic characterization is presented with the aim to provide guidelines for the modeling of multicast communications in many core settings. To this end, the scaling trends of aspects such as the multicast traffic intensity or the spatiotemporal injection distribution are analyzed. The novelty of this work resides both on its scalability-oriented approach and on the use of correlation metrics to evaluate potential prediction opportunities.
Comparison of nonlinear filtering algorithms in ground moving target indicator (GMTI) tracking

Tracking using the ground moving target indicator (GMTI) sensor measurements plays an important role in situation awareness of the battlefield, surveillance, and precision tracking of ground moving targets. The GMTI sensor measurements range, azimuth, and range-rate are nonlinear functions of the target state. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used to solve the GMTI filtering problem. Since the GMTI measurement model is nonlinear, the use of an EKF is sub-optimal. The sub-optimality depends on the degree of nonlinearity of the measurement function and GMTI measurement error covariance. We can convert polar measurements range and azimuth to Cartesian measurements and approximately treat the range-rate as a linear function of the target velocity by considering the radar line-of-sight (RLOS) vector as a constant. This allows the use linear Kalman filter (KF) with linearized measurements in an approximate way. The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and particle filter (PF) have been shown recently as robust alternate algorithms for a wide range of nonlinear estimation problems. This paper compares the performance of the KF with linearized measurements, EKF, iterated EKF (IEKF), UKF, and PF for the GMTI measurement filtering problem using a wide range of operating conditions. Estimation accuracy, statistical consistency, and computational speed and storage are used to evaluate the performance of these estimators. We use Monte-Carlo simulations and calculate the average mean square error (MSE) matrix, normalized estimation error squared (NEES), and normalized innovation squared (NIS) to analyze the accuracy and statistical consistency.
SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT IN PROTECTED AREAS

In recent years, there is an increase insocial and environmental awareness. As a result of this, tourists prefer tourism types which do not affectcultural and natural resources negatively. Thus, sustainable tourism andecotourism in protected areas and measurement of sustainability of both forestecosystems and natural environment become more important. Sustainability ofsocial, economic and cultural aspects of protected areas became crucial. Tohave a better protection and maintain sustainability, it is necessary to knowall natural values of these areas. There is no consensus about evaluation ofsustainability, but most researchers and specialists believe thatsustainability can be defined with criteria ad indicators.In this study, by considering Turkishforestry’s specific properties, it is aimed to present economic/financial,ecological/environmental and social/cultural criteria and indicators forecotourism management as a tool for maintaining sustainability of protectedareas.
The Rice Genome Knowledgebase (RGKbase): an annotation database for rice comparative genomics and evolutionary biology

Over the past 10 years, genomes of cultivated rice cultivars and their wild counterparts have been sequenced although most efforts are focused on genome assembly and annotation of two major cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) subspecies, 93-11 (indica) and Nipponbare (japonica). To integrate information from genome assemblies and annotations for better analysis and application, we now introduce a comparative rice genome database, the Rice Genome Knowledgebase (RGKbase, http://rgkbase.big.ac.cn/RGKbase/). RGKbase is built to have three major components: (i) integrated data curation for rice genomics and molecular biology, which includes genome sequence assemblies, transcriptomic and epigenomic data, genetic variations, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the relevant literature; (ii) User-friendly viewers, such as Gbrowse, GeneBrowse and Circos, for genome annotations and evolutionary dynamics and (iii) Bioinformatic tools for compositional and synteny analyses, gene family classifications, gene ontology terms and pathways and gene co-expression networks. RGKbase current includes data from five rice cultivars and species: Nipponbare (japonica), 93-11 (indica), PA64s (indica), the African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and a wild rice species (Oryza brachyantha). We are also constantly introducing new datasets from variety of public efforts, such as two recent releases—sequence data from ∼1000 rice varieties, which are mapped into the reference genome, yielding ample high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions–deletions.
A module-based wireless node for NS-2

Over the last decade an extraordinary amount of research work at all layers of the network stack has focused on wireless and mobile networks, e.g. wireless local area networks (WLAN), in parallel with their wide acceptance as access technologies. Simulation has been used massively to develop, test and compare new ideas and protocols tailored for such networks and ns-2 has been the most used network simulator for these studies. However, the support for wireless and mobile networking in ns-2 is monolithic and not entirely consistent with basic design principles so that it becomes now a burden for making the simulator evolve. It makes it tedious, if not impossible, to support new features such as multiple wireless interfaces. To overcome the current limitations, the MobileNode object itself is questioned and a new, more flexible and better integrated layout of existing components to support wireless and mobile networking using modules (MW-Node) is presented.
Using Twitter for Next-Place Prediction, with an Application to Crime Prediction

This research focuses on two problems. First, we investigate the prediction of social media users' spatial trajectories. Recent work on this task has focused on the use of cellular network traces and location-based social network services such as Foursquare, all of which emit structured geospatial information (e.g., Cellular tower identifiers, GPS coordinates, and venue identifiers). Less attention has been paid to the rich textual content that users often publish in tandem with the structured information. We investigate methods of integrating textual content into existing next-place prediction models, and we demonstrate a significant improvement in next-place prediction compared to several baselines derived from published research. Second, we examine the correlation between these next-place predictions and the occurrence of crimes in a major United States city, with the goal of aiding future research into automatic crime prediction.
On the problem of on-line learning with log-loss

In this paper we consider the problem of on-line learning with respect to the logarithmic loss, where the learner provides a probability assignment for the next label given the past and current data samples and the past labels. We consider the problem in the individual and the stochastic settings. Our first result is a class of new universal on-line probability assignment schemes based on the mixture approach. Now, in classical learning, it is well known that there are model classes that can be learned in batch, but cannot be learned sequentially for all data samples sequences. We show that for these model classes the proposed mixture schemes lead to a vanishing regret in the individual setting when the adversary is somewhat constrained. In the stochastic setting we show that any on-line solution for the log-loss may be used to obtain a solution for a wide variety of loss functions.
Flashback phenomenon and residual neurological deficits after the use of "bath salt" 3, 4- methylenedioxypyrovalerone.

BACKGROUND The use and abuse of designer drugs has been recognized for decades; however there are many derivatives of compounds that make their way into the community. Abuse of compound(s) known on the street as "bath salt" is on the rise. METHODS We report the case of a 33-year-old man who complained of "flashbacks" and right arm shaking that followed a night of "bath salt" snorting. The active compound methylenedioxypyrovalerone methamphetamine (MDPV) was confirmed; however, analysis of three different "bath salt" products showed difference in their active components. RESULTS The patient's symptoms remained stable and he was discharged home after observation in the emergency department with instructions to return for any symptom progression. CONCLUSION Practitioners should be aware of the abuse of the compounds and that not all "bath salt" products contain MDPV.
Food and Environment: A Review on the Sustainability of Six Different Dietary Patterns

Recent studies related the link between food consumption and impacts on environment and health. These may present variations according to the dietary patterns of different populations. This chapter assesses the impacts of six dietary patterns while emphasizing protein overconsumption and sustainability of food systems in a world where one billion people are hungry and several more suffer from conditions related to obesity. The chapter shows the nutritional disparity existent in different dietary patterns and potential to make changes. Changes in dietary patterns are an opportunity to contribute for environmental and health benefits. The analysis was based on a set of environmental indicators such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use demand, while providing a nutritional balance. The methodology comprehended a life cycle assessment in order to quantify the GHG emissions and the land use demand for food production. Finally, a review is made to focus on the benefits of shifting from current diet patterns to more sustainable ones, such as the Mediterranean. Food and Environment: A Review on the Sustainability of Six Different Dietary Patterns