Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hadoop Based Link Prediction Performance Analysis

Link prediction is an important problem in social network analysis and has been applied in a variety of fields. Link prediction aims to estimate the likelihood of the existence of links between nodes by the known network structure. The time complexity of link prediction algorithms in huge-scale networks remains unexplored and unsolved, especially for sparse networks. In this project, we will explore how parallel computing speeds up link prediction in huge-scale networks. We implemented similarity based link prediction algorithms based on MapReduce, which have the time complexity of O(n) in sparse networks. We analyzed the performance of our algorithms on the Data Intensive Science Cluster at University of Notre Dame. Weevaluate the performance with different configurations, monitor the resource utilization of the distributed computation, and optimize accordingly. After analyzing the efficiency with different configurations, we present the fastest approach of performing parallelized link prediction, which is particularly suited for real-world big data.
Multi-layer Adaptive Optimizing Algorithm for Least Squares Support Vector Machines

A multi-layer adaptive optimizing parameters algorithm is developed for improving least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), and a military equipment intelligent cost estimation model is proposed based on the optimized LS-SVM. The intelligent cost estimation process is divided into three steps in the model. In the first step, cost-drive-factor is needed to be selected, which is significant for costs estimation. In the second step, military equipment training samples within costs and cost-drive-factor set are learned by the LS-SVM. After learned, the model can be used for new equipment costs estimation. Aircraft costs become more expensive in recent years. Chinese military aircraft costs are estimation in the paper. The results show that the estimation costs by the new model are more closed to the true costs than that of traditional used method.
Rule Quality Measures for Rule Induction Systems: Description and Evaluation

A rule quality measure is important to a rule induction system for determining when to stop generalization or specialization. Such measures are also important to a rule‐based classification procedure for resolving conflicts among rules. We describe a number of statistical and empirical rule quality formulas and present an experimental comparison of these formulas on a number of standard machine learning datasets. We also present a meta‐learning method for generating a set of formula‐behavior rules from the experimental results which show the relationships between a formula's performance and the characteristics of a dataset. These formula‐behavior rules are combined into formula‐selection rules that can be used in a rule induction system to select a rule quality formula before rule induction. We will report the experimental results showing the effects of formula‐selection on the predictive performance of a rule induction system.
The effect of the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin on brain ependymal cilia.

Densely ciliated ependymal cells cover the ventricular surface of the brain and cerebral aqueducts separating cerebrospinal fluid, which is infected in meningitis, from neuronal tissue. We have established an ex vivo model that allows measurement of ependymal ciliary beat frequency, using high-speed video analysis, during incubation with bacterial toxins. Ciliated ependyma, from Wistar rats, was exposed to the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin, and a mutant form with markedly reduced cytotoxic activity (;0.1%). Wild-type pneumolysin (1500 HU/ml and 150 HU/ml: 10 and 1 microg/ml) caused rapid ciliary stasis (30-150 s), sloughing of cilia and cytoplasmic extrusion. Ciliary slowing before stasis was seen at 15 HU/ml (0.1 microg/ml); however, no effect on ciliary beat frequency was seen at lower concentrations (1.5 HU/ml and 0.15 HU/ml: 0.01 and 0.001 microg/ml). Mutant pneumolysin, 99.9% deficient in haemolytic activity, caused rapid ciliary stasis at 10 microg/ml but no effect was seen at lower concentrations (1-0.1 microg/ml). Pneumolysin, at levels which may be produced during severe pneumococcal meningitis, may cause rapid ependymal ciliary stasis.
How to run a multiple sclerosis relapse clinic

Acute relapses in multiple sclerosis (MS) represent foci of acute inflammation and demyelination within clinically eloquent areas of the central nervous system (CNS). 1 It is important to recognise and to assess people with MS relapses to establish their clinical diagnosis,2 optimise short-term ability,3 guide longer-term treatment decisions4 and inform on the natural history of disease.5 Historically, neurology services have been poorly organised to meet the needs of patients with an acute deterioration in MS symptoms. However, a dedicated service for patients with symptoms suggesting MS relapse shortens the delay in accessing specialist care and receiving treatment, reduces inpatient admissions and minimises the psychological impact of MS relapses.6 As a result, UK national recommendations now suggest that patients experiencing relapse should have rapid access to outpatient specialist MS care.7–9 Thus many specialist centres have developed open, rapid-access services that may vary in design, but which allow people with MS and acute neurological dysfunction to receive prompt expert assessment. In a typical rapid-access service model, patients self-refer; however, the service should also incorporate referrals from multiple sources, including general practitioners and hospital subspecialties (figure 1). Patients need signposting to self-referral routes at the time of their diagnosis, and reinforcing at subsequent points of contact. Methods of informing patients or general practitioners about referral routes include verbal or written reminders (eg, leaflet) provided at specialist clinic appointments, adding emergency contact details to the standard clinic letter header, or including emergency MS contact details within the hospital website. Referral routes might include telephone, text message or email, checked each working day. Telephone triage can efficiently deal with referrals promptly and identify those patients who might be best served by a face-to-face evaluation. Patient calls are best returned by an MS specialist nurse or an appropriately experienced clinician …
Utilizing Knowledge-Base Semantics in Graph-Based Algorithms

Graph-based algorithms convert a knowledge base with a graph structure into one with a tree structure (a join-tree) and then apply tree-inference on the result. Nodes in the join-tree are cliques of variables and tree-inference is exponential in w*, the size of the maximal clique in the join-tree. A central property of join-trees that validates tree-inference is the running-intersection property: the intersection of any two cliques must belong to every clique on the path between them. We present two key results in connection to graph-based algorithms. First, we show that the running-intersection property, although sufficient, is not necessary for validating tree-inference. We present a weaker property for this purpose, called running-interaction, that depends on nonstructural (semantical) properties of a knowledge base. We also present a linear algorithm that may reduce w* of a join-tree, possibly destroying its running-intersection property, while maintaining its running-interaction property and, hence, its validity for tree-inference. Second, we develop a simple algorithm for generating trees satisfying the running-interaction property. The algorithm bypasses triangulation (the standard technique for constructing join-trees) and does not construct a join-tree first. We show that the proposed algorithm may in some cases generate trees that are more efficient than those generated by modifying a join-tree.
An abstract Monte-Carlo method for the analysis of probabilistic programs

We introduce a new method, combination of random testing and abstract interpretation, for the analysis of programs featuring both probabilistic and non-probabilistic nondeterminism. After introducing "ordinary" testing, we show how to combine testing and abstract interpretation and give formulas linking the precision of the results to the number of iterations. We then discuss complexity and optimization issues and end with some experimental results.
The C. elegans MELK ortholog PIG-1 regulates cell size asymmetry and daughter cell fate in asymmetric neuroblast divisions

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, neurons are generated from asymmetric divisions in which a mother cell divides to produce daughters that differ in fate. Here, we demonstrate that the gene pig-1 regulates the asymmetric divisions of neuroblasts that divide to produce an apoptotic cell and either a neural precursor or a neuron. In pig-1 mutants, these neuroblasts divide to produce daughters that are more equal in size, and their apoptotic daughters are transformed into their sisters, leading to the production of extra neurons. PIG-1 is orthologous to MELK, a conserved member of the polarity-regulating PAR-1/Kin1/SAD-1 family of serine/threonine kinases. Although MELK has been implicated in regulating the cell cycle, our data suggest that PIG-1, like other PAR-1 family members, regulates cell polarity.
Thermal Effects of Continuous Laser Treatment on Ti-6 Al(wt%)-4V(wt%) Titanium Alloy

A titanium alloy Ti-6 Al(wt%)-4V(wt%) was treated in air by Nd:YAG laser radiation (wavelength of 1.064 %m) in continuous mode. Targets were irradiated globally with different levels of energy (accumulated fluence) at constant power. Different focal lengths and beam displacement velocities were used. Cross section microstructural observations were carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Backscattered electron imaging reveals microstructural modifications in samples. A structural phase transformation of beta (bcc) to alpha prime (hcp) phase was observed. The depth of the transformed zone observed by phase transformation is dependent on the treatment parameters. Conformity between microstructural observations and the treatment parameters is discussed with reference to thermal simulations.
Pedestrian Segmentation in Infrared Images Based on Circular Shortest Path

A novel infrared pedestrian segmentation algorithm based on the circular shortest path is proposed. The foreground containing pedestrians is estimated by saliency mapping and gray thresholding. In the foreground area, the human shape feature is introduced by a regional polar transformation. By adding the human shape coefficient to the object term of the cost function, the extracted contour can fit the human shape well while excluding most false alarms. The proposed algorithm performs better in areas with low contrast, and obtains good segmentation quantitatively and qualitatively.
Family Planning Vouchers in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Family planning (FP) vouchers have targeted subsidies to disadvantaged populations for quality reproductive health services since the 1960s. To summarize the effect of FP voucher programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries, a systematic review was conducted, screening studies from 33 databases through three phases: keyword search, title and abstract review, and full text review. Sixteen articles were selected including randomized control trials, controlled before‐and‐after, interrupted time series analyses, cohort, and before‐and‐after studies. Twenty‐three study outcomes were clustered around contraceptive uptake, with study outcomes including fertility in the early studies and equity and discontinuation in more recent publications. Research gaps include measures of FP quality, unintended outcomes, clients’ qualitative experiences, FP voucher integration with health systems, and issues related to scale‐up of the voucher approach.
Relationship between structure and rheological, mechanical and thermal properties of polylactide/Cloisite 30B nanocomposites

Melt-state and solid state mechanical properties and thermal stability of polylactide layered silicate nanocomposites elaborated by melt intercalation were studied as a function of clay content. Wide angle X-ray scattering results, transmission electron microscopy observations, and rheological measurements indicated that the clay was finely distributed in the polylactide matrix. Contrary to nonlinear mechanical properties, thermal and linear mechanical properties were shown to increase with increasing clay fraction. The nanoindentation measurements confirm the significant increase of linear mechanical properties previously observed by tensile tests. The good correlation of linear mechanical properties at the macrometric and nanometric scales is explained by the high dispersion degree of the nanofiller in the biodegradable polymer matrix. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
An incident response support system based on seriousness of infection

Recently, cyber attacks become so sophisticated that conventional countermeasures that focus on preventing intrusion are becoming less effective. Thus, recent countermeasures are focusing on after intrusion such as an incident response. We previously proposed a system in order to support network administrators performing incident responses. However, our previous system uses only anomaly detection technique to detect signs of cyber attacks so that we may overlook some signs. In addition, we bother with a lot of unimportant detection reports including many false positives. Our previous system deals with detected malware one by one. Such behavior cannot cope with various situations of incidents. As a solution, this paper proposes an incident response support system based on seriousness of infection. The system combines various types of detection techniques and raises the large number of detection report. To manage detection reports, we define Infection Suspicious Level (ISL) that represents degree of suspicious about malware infection. By assigning ISL to all network segments, the system performs appropriate monitoring, analysis, and takes countermeasure semi-automatically based on ISL. The proposed system can raise a number of detection reports, reduce the false positive problem, and provide several strategies against attack.
Development of Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels Integrated with Ultra-thin Silicon Ribbons for Stretchable and Intelligent Devices

Stretchable devices represent a challenging class of system, of interest for applications where electronics must be wrapped conformably around complex shapes without compromising on functionality or performance. The goal of this project has been to develop integrated smart devices comprising of soft stimuli sensitive polymeric-substrates with conventional semiconductor material such as Silicon which can responds to various external stimuli like pH, temperature, light etc. Specifically, these devices combine the merits of high quality crystalline semiconductor materials and the mechanical flexibility/stretchability of elastomers. Furthermore, we try to develop complex geometries with help of stereolithography and by integration of different mulitifunctional polymers. These structures hold interesting possibilities in design of electronic devices with tunable curvature. The combination of environmental responsiveness and mechanical flexibility/stretchability brings broader and more fascinating applications owing to their ability to undergo abrupt volumetric changes in response to their surrounding environment without the requirement of external controls. Chemical Engineering Master’s Defense Development of Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels Integrated with Ultra-thin Silicon Ribbons for Stretchable and Intelligent Devices
Confidence intervals of success rates in evolutionary computation

Success Rate (SR) is a statistic straightforward to use and interpret, however a number of non-trivial statistical issues arises when it is examinated in detail. We address some of those issues, providing evidence that suggests that SR follows a binomial density function, therefore its statistical properties are independent of the flavour of the Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) and its domain. It is fully described by the SR and the number of runs. Moreover, the binomial distribution is a well known statistical distribution with a large corpus of tools available that can be used in the context of EC research. One of those tools, confidence intervals (CIs), is studied.
SAP Speaks PDDL

In several application areas for Planning, in particular helping with the creation of new processes in Business Process Management (BPM), a major obstacle lies in the modeling. Obtaining a suitable model to plan with is often prohibitively complicated and/or costly. Our core observation in this work is that, for software-architectural purposes, SAP is already using a model that is essentially a variant of PDDL. That model describes the behavior of Business Objects, in terms of status variables and how they are affected by system transactions. We show herein that one can leverage the model to obtain (a) a promising BPM planning application which incurs hardly any modeling costs, and (b) an interesting planning benchmark. We design a suitable planning formalism and an adaptation of FF, and we perform large-scale experiments. Our prototype is part of a research extension to the SAP NetWeaver platform.
Graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels and adverse outcomes: evidence from Canadian smokers.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the impact of graphic Canadian cigarette warning labels. METHODS We used a longitudinal telephone survey of 616 adult smokers. RESULTS Approximately one fifth of participants reported smoking less as a result of the labels; only 1% reported smoking more. Although participants reported negative emotional responses to the warnings including fear (44%) and disgust (58%), smokers who reported greater negative emotion were more likely to have quit, attempted to quit, or reduced their smoking 3 months later. Participants who attempted to avoid the warnings (30%) were no less likely to think about the warnings or engage in cessation behavior at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers should not be reluctant to introduce vivid or graphic warnings for fear of adverse outcomes.
Identity Based Proxy Re-encryption Scheme under LWE

The proxy re-encryption allows an intermediate proxy to convert a ciphertext for Alice into a ciphertext for Bob without seeing the original message and leaking out relevant information. Unlike many prior identity based proxy re-encryption schemes which are based on the number theoretic assumptions such as large integer factorization and discrete logarithm problem. In this paper, we first propose a novel identity based proxy re-encryption scheme which is based on the hardness of standard Learning With Error(LWE) problem and is CPA secure in the standard model. This scheme can be reduced to the worst-case lattice hard problem that is able to resist attacks from quantum algorithm. The key step in our construction is that the challenger how to answer the private query under a known trapdoor matrix. Our scheme enjoys properties of the non-interactivity, unidirectionality, anonymous and so on. In this paper, we utilize primitives include G-trapdoor for lattice and sample algorithms to realize simple and efficient re-encryption.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in Intraocular Inflammation

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique involving enzymatic amplification of nucleic acid sequences in repeated cycles of denaturation, oligonucleotide annealing and DNA polymerase extension. It is a powerful molecular biologic tool that allows the rapid production of analytic quantities of DNA from small amounts of starting material. PCR can be performed on nearly any ocular specimen or biopsy. For diagnosis of uveitis, the obtained sample is usually an anterior chamber paracentesis or vitreous tap. PCR potentially is more sensitive than culture for detection of many organisms. By utilizing a secondary detection system in concert with the initial PCR reaction, perfect specificity can be assured. The initial application of PCR diagnostics to ophthalmic disease was in the detection of viral uveitis. PCR has also been implicated in studies of noninfectious uveitis. The most common application is HLA typing. A universal bacterial PCR can be very helpful for the diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis at an early stage of the disease.
Addressing sexual health behaviour during emerging adulthood: a critical review of the literature.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES In this critical literature review, we examine evidence-based interventions that target sexual behaviours of 18- to 25-year-old emerging adult women. BACKGROUND Nurses and clinicians implement theory-driven research programmes for young women with increased risk of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Strategies to decrease transmission of HIV and sexually transmitted infections are rigorously evaluated and promoted by public health agencies such as the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While many interventions demonstrate episodic reductions in sexual risk behaviours and infection transmission, there is little evidence they build sustainable skills and behaviours. Programmes may not attend to contextual and affective influences on sexual behaviour change. DESIGN Discursive paper. METHODS We conducted a conceptually based literature review and critical analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's best-evidence and good-evidence HIV behavioural interventions. In this review, we examined three contextual and affective influences on the sexual health of emerging adult women: (1) developmental age, (2) reproduction and pregnancy desires and (3) sexual security or emotional responses accompanying relationship experiences. RESULTS Our analyses revealed intervention programmes paid little attention to ways age, desires for pregnancy or emotional factors influence sexual decisions. Some programmes included 18- to 25-year-olds, but they made up small percentages of the sample and did not attend to unique emerging adult experiences. Second, primary focus on infection prevention overshadowed participant desires for pregnancy. Third, few interventions considered emotional mechanisms derived from relationship experiences involved in sexual decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Growing evidence demonstrates sexual health interventions may be more effective if augmented to attend to contextual and affective influences on relationship risks and decision-making. Modifying currently accepted strategies may enhance sustainability of sexual health-promoting behaviours. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study provides nurses and public health educators with recommendations for broadening the content of sexual health promotion intervention programming.
Modular construction of an analysis tool for mining software repositories

In this paper, we propose an analysis tool for mining software repository (MSR) called E-CUBE, which corresponds to three types of evolution in MSR (i.e., Platform Evolution, Target Evolution and Scale Evolution). To encapsulate the essence of these types of evolution, we introduce modular construction for MSR studies to E-CUBE. We make a choice of features (i.e., modules) in the field of MSR using Feature Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA) and implement those modules using an internal Domain specific language (DSL).