Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Don't be jelly: Exploring effective jellyfish locomotion

Jellyfish have been called one of the most energy-efficient animals in the world due to the ease in which they move through their fluid environment, by product of their morphological, muscular, and material properties. We investigated jellyfish locomotion by conducting \textit{in silico} comparative studies and explored swimming performance in different fluids (e.g., changing viscosities) at different fluid scales (e.g., Reynolds Number), bell contraction frequencies, contraction phase kinematics, as well as bell morphologies and contraction amplitude. To study these relationships, an open source implementation of the immersed boundary method was used (\textit{IB2d}) to solve the fully coupled fluid-structure interaction problem of a flexible jellyfish bell in a viscous fluid. Complex relationships between scale, morphology, and frequency lead to optimized forward swimming speeds for a particular bell composition, stemming from intricate vortex wake topology, interactions, and fluid mixing. Lastly, we offer an open source computational jellyfish locomotion model to the science community that can be used as a starting place for future numerical experimentation.
Continuous-variable ramp quantum secret sharing with Gaussian states and operations

We aim to quantify and mitigate quantum-information leakage in continuous-variable quantum secret sharing (CV QSS). Here we introduce a technique for certifying CV ramp quantum secret-sharing (RQSS) schemes in the framework of quantum interactive-proof systems. We devise pseudocodes in order to represent the sequence of steps taken to solve the certification problem. Furthermore, we derive the expression for quantum mutual information between the quantum secret extracted by any multi-player structure and the share held by the referee corresponding to the Tyc–Rowe–Sanders CV QSS scheme. We solve by converting the Tyc–Rowe–Sanders position representation for the state into a Wigner function from which the covariance matrix can be found, then insert the covariance matrix into the standard formula for CR quantum mutual information to obtain quantum mutual information in terms of squeezing. Our quantum mutual information result quantifies the leakage of the RQSS schemes.
Confirmation of the existence of Russula praetervisa in Turkey

Russula praetervisa is a species whose presence in Turkey is still unproven. It is included in the table of contents of the Macrofungi of Turkey Checklist , but there is no data that specimens have been collected. As a result of the identification of the specimens collected from Datça County of Muğla Province, it became definite that this species is found in Turkey. The macroscopic, ecological and microscopic characters of the species have been given with photographs. Also, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene of the specimen was sequenced, analyzed and a phylogenetic tree illustrating closely related taxa has been presented. The findings have been discussed within the scope of the relevant literature
Development of a Raster-based Two-dimensional Flood Inundation Model

The past researches on flood inundation simulation mainly focused on development of numerical models based on unstructured mesh networks to improve model performances. However, despite the accurate simulation results, such models are not suitable for real-time flood inundation forecasting due to a huge computational burden in terms of geographic data processing. In addition, even though various types of vector and raster data are available to be compatible with flood inundation models for post-processes such as flood hazard mapping and flood inundation risk analysis, the unstructured mesh-based models are not effective to fully use such information due to data incommensurability. Therefore, this study aims to develop a raster-based two-dimensional inundation model; it guarantees computational efficiency because of direct application of DEM for flood inundation modeling and also has a good compatibility with various types of raster data, compared to a commercial model such as FLUMEN. We applied the model to simulate the BaekSan levee break in the Nam river during a flood period from August 10 to 13, 2002. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the field-surveyed inundation area and were also very similar with results from the FLUMEN. Moreover, the model provided physically-acceptable velocity vectors with respect to inundating and returning flows due to the difference of water level between channel and lowland.
Biological Soil Crusts: Ecology and Management

In the technique for fiberizing glass by the use of a centrifugal spinner delivering glass streams into an attenuating blast, a novel spinner construction is provided, and provision is also made for increasing the production, while also providing for the use of glass of lower cost, and at the same time, reducing environmental pollution. Glass compositions and spinner alloy compositions particularly suited for use in accordance with the invention, are also disclosed.
Mobile Genetic Elements Provide Evidence for a Bovine Origin of Clonal Complex 17 of Streptococcus agalactiae

ABSTRACT We sought an explanation for epidemiological changes in Streptococcus agalactiae infections by investigating the link between ecological niches of the bacterium by determining the prevalence of 11 mobile genetic elements. The prevalence of nine of these elements differed significantly according to the human or bovine origin of the isolate. Correlating this distribution with the phylogeny obtained by multilocus sequence analysis, we observed that human isolates harboring GBSi1, a clear marker of the bovine niche, clustered in clonal complex 17. Our results are thus consistent with the emergence of this virulent human clone from a bovine ancestor.
Solid − Liquid − Vapor Equilibrium Prediction for Typical Helium-Bearing Natural Gas Mixtures

: Industrial, large-scale helium recovery from natural gas is typically performed though cryogenic distillation. These technologies need a deep knowledge of the thermodynamics of the treated mixture: in the case of natural gas to a pipeline, CO 2 present in the feed stream might freeze at the process operating temperatures. The aim of this work is to analyze the thermodynamic behavior of the four-component mixture CH 4 − N 2 − He − CO 2 to predict its triphasic solid − liquid − vapor equilibrium (SLVE). Through a developed computational method based on the classical approach, the nitrogen and helium e ﬀ ect on CO 2 solidi ﬁ cation has been assessed. The investigated conditions are consistent with typical cryogenic procesthesing temperatures (i.e., 100 − 200 K) and natural gas compositions. Pressure − temperature and temperature − composition equilibrium loci are provided for each analyzed case, varying the N 2 and He content in mixture. Helium behavior as a quantum gas has been considered by introducing temperature-dependent critical parameters, as suggested by Prausnitz and co-workers, valid for an acentric factor equal to zero. Referring to the proposed thermodynamic modeling, the risk of CO 2 freezing within a cryogenic helium recovery plant can be avoided by carefully managing the process operating conditions.
(La1-xBax)(Zn1-xMnx)AsO: A Two Dimensional"1111"Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor in Bulk Form

We report the synthesis and characterization of a bulk diluted magnetic semiconductor (La1-xBax)(Zn1-xMnx)AsO (0<= x<= 0.2) with a layered crystal structure identical to that of the"1111"FeAs superconductors. No ferromagnetic order occurs for (Zn,Mn) substitution in the parent compound LaZnAsO without charge doping. Together with carrier doping via (La,Ba) sub- stitution, a small amount of Mn substituting for Zn results in ferromagnetic order with TC up to ~40 K, although the system remains semiconducting. Muon spin relaxation measurements confirm the development of ferromagnetic order in the entire volume, with the relationship between the internal field and TC consistent with the trend found in (Ga,Mn)As, the"111"Li(Zn,Mn)As, and the"122"(Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2 systems.
ALGEBRAIC ALGORITHMS 1

Algebraic algorithms deal with numbers, vectors, matrices, polynomials, formal power series, exponential and differential polynomials, rational functions, algebraic sets, curves and surfaces. In this vast area, manipulation with matrices and polynomials is fundamental for modern computations in Sciences, Engineering, and Signal and Image Processing. The list of the respective computational problems includes the solution of a polynomial equation and linear and polynomial systems of equations, univariate and multivariate polynomial evaluation, interpolation, factorization and decompositions, rational interpolation, computing matrix factorization and decompositions (which in turn include various triangular and orthogonal factorizations such as LU, PLU, QR, QRP, QLP, CS, LR, Cholesky factorizations and eigenvalue and singular value decompositions), computation of the matrix characteristic and minimal polynomials, determinants, Smith and Frobenius normal forms, ranks, and (generalized) inverses, univariate and multivariate polynomial resultants, Newton’s polytopes, greatest common divisors, and least common multiples as well as manipulation with truncated series and algebraic sets. Such problems can be solved by using the error-free symbolic computations with infinite precision. Computer algebra systems such as Maple and Mathematica compute the solutions based on various nontrivial computational techniques such as modular computations, the Euclidean algorithm and continuous
Eastern Promises: The Potential Future for Wine Tourism in the Balkans

The Balkan countries have become a new focus for international wine writers. The dozen nations that lie totally or partially within the Balkan Peninsula are culturally and politically diverse, but all share in a millennia-old love of wine and its production. More than 400 autochthonous varieties of wine grapes are grown on the peninsula. Some, such as Plavac Mali, Zelenac and Vranac are basically unknown in the rest of the world but produce fine wine in most of the Balkan nations. There would appear to be an immense potential for greater development of wine tourism in the region, which with time could become a boon to its new market-based economies. This paper, based on visits to Balkan wineries and interviews with wine makers, academics and other leaders in the wine and wine tourism industries, is a survey of the present tourism infrastructures, the wine trade organizations and regional wine histories. It explores the capacity of wine industries to develop tourism as a component of their operations. In the end, suggestions are made that may help develop the Balkans as an international wine destination.
CYTOTOXICITY AND WOUND HEALING CAPACITY OF BIOLOGICALLY SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Metallic nanoparticles are interesting areas of research due to their unique properties which can be advantageous for producing smart products. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are remarkably used in pharmaceutical industry because of their strong biological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and wound healing capacity of the biologically prepared silver nanoparticles via green synthesis route. Cytotoxicity of the biogenic AgNPs was determined by MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium-bromide) assay against L929 fibroblast cell line. Wound healing properties of the AgNPs were evaluated using in vitro-scratch wound healing assay using 3T3 fibroblast cell line. Biosynthesized AgNPs inhibited the propagation of fibroblasts at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 23.507 μg/mL after 24 h incubation. In vitro wound healing assay also revealed that the biogenic AgNPs stimulated the 3T3 fibroblasts' cell proliferation. It can be suggested that biologically synthesized AgNPs can be used effectively for biomedical applications such as wound dressing materials.
Prospect of Tourism Development in Khaptad National Park: A Local Perspective

Tourism in Nepal has flourished over the past two decades, making it one of the top global destinations for visit. Its abundant wildlife, stunning trekking routes, snow-fed rivers, picturesque lakes, and warm-hearted locals have been contributing perpetually to appeal to the global and local tourists. With the rise of the digital economy, tourism is experiencing modern advancements. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of local residents regarding tourism development. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to validate the research results, utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics. A sample size of 219 respondents was conveniently selected; indicating a higher interest among males and a predominance of economically active individuals aged 21-40 years. The study shows ICT development emerging as a common challenge for visitors to Khaptad National Park. The SEM results confirmed the fit and validity of five constructs. To establish KNP as a premier tourist destination, the Tourism Board, Government, and Municipality should prioritize its development and manage the influx of tourists. Notably, motivation and subjective norms significantly influence visitors’ behavior, while perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention do not. Local communities should actively engage in promoting tourism through effective marketing strategies, and the improvement of ICT facilities will enhance travel convenience. Hence, efforts should be made to promote local business activities and products. The findings of this analysis will benefit various stakeholders, including the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Nepal Tourism Board, Department of Tourism, hotel associations, Travel agencies, local governments, researchers, professionals, and prospective students. This article is an original work with no potential conflict of interest regarding its research and publication.
China ’ s skill-biased imports ☆

China has witnessed rapid increases in the skill premium over the last few decades. In this paper, we study the short-run effect of capital goods imports on skill premium in China. The surge in capital goods imports, which embody advanced technology, can explain the rising demand for skill in China. We exploit regional variations in capital goods import exposure stemming from initial differences in import structure and instrument for the capital goods import growth using exchange rate movements. A city at the 75th percentile of the distribution of capital goods imports growth has a higher skill premium by 5 percentage points (0.38 standard deviation) over the one at the 25th percentile. To explore the underlying mechanism, we provide firm-level evidence and show that imported capital goods are skill-complementary.
Coated microbubbles exploit shell buckling to swim

12 Cleverly engineered microswimmers show great promise in various biomedical applications. Current realizations are generally either too slow, hardly manoeuvrable, or non biocompatible. To overcome these limitations, we consider lipid coated microbubbles that are already approved for clinical use as diagnostic ultrasound contrast agents. Through a combination of experiments and numerical simulations, we investigate the swimming motion of these microbubbles under external cyclic overpressure. Reproducible and non-destructive cycles of deﬂation and re-inﬂation of the microbubble generate a net displacement, through hysteretic buckling events. Our model predicts swimming speeds of the order of m/s, which falls in the range of blood ﬂow velocity in large vessels. Unlike the acoustic radiation force technique, where the displacement is always directed along the axis of ultrasound propagation, here, the direction of propulsion is controlled in the shell reference frame. This provides a solution toward controlled steering in ultrasound molecular imaging and drug delivery. 13
Spoiler Susceptibility in Party Elections

An electoral spoiler is usually deﬁned as a losing candidate whose removal would aﬀect the outcome by changing the winner. So far spoiler eﬀects have been analyzed primarily for single-winner electoral systems. We consider this subject in the context of party elections, where there is no longer a sharp distinction between winners and losers. Hence, we propose a more general deﬁnition, under which a party is a spoiler if their elimination causes any other party’s share in the outcome to decrease. We characterize spoiler-proof electoral allocation rules for zero-sum voting methods. In particular, we prove that for seats-votes functions only identity is spoiler-proof. We also show that spoilers are ubiquitous under some of the most common electoral rules. However, their impact can vary depending on the rule. Hence, we introduce a measure of spoilership, which allows us to experimentally compare a number of multiwinner social choice rules according to their spoiler susceptibility. Since the probabilistic models used in COMSOC have been developed for non-party elections, we extend them to generate multi-district party elections.
A ND C

The main purpose of this research is to compare influencers’ and celebrities’ posts exposing a brand name according to a few metrics which are ad type, number of likes, number of comments, post type, number of page views for videos, product/service category of exposing brands in posts and engagement rates. With this purpose, this paper examines influencer and celebrity endorsement on Instagram by a content analysis focusing on posts exposing a brand name. Results of the content analysis of 126 posts of six Turkish celebrities and six Turkish influencers revealed that the total number of posts shared by influencers are doubled the total number of posts shared by celebrities. On the other hand, the total number of posts with a brand exposed by celebrities is more than influencers’. In terms of product category, fashion/clothing/apparel products are shared mostly for both groups. Another important result of this study is about ad type used by celebrities and influencers in their posts. According to the results, the most used ad type by both celebrities and influencers is sharing the brand while using the product.
Air Mass Transport to the Tropical West Paciﬁc Troposphere inferred from Ozone and Relative Humidity Balloon Observations above Palau

Due to the unique local air chemistry, the transport history of tropospheric air masses above the remote tropical West Paciﬁc (TWP) is reﬂected by local ozone ( O 3 ) and relative humidity (RH) characteristics. In boreal winter, the TWP is the main global entry point for air masses into the stratosphere and therefore a key region of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics. However, a long-term in situ monitoring of tropospheric O 3 to assess the variability of TWP air masses and the respective controlling 5 processes has yet been missing. The aim of our study was to identify air masses with different origins and pathways to the TWP and their seasonality using the new Palau time series (2016-2019) of mostly fortnightly Electrochemical Concentration Cell ozone and radio soundings. Based on monthly statistics of O 3 volume mixing ratios and RH we deﬁned a free tropospheric locally-controlled background and analyzed anomalies for both tracers in the 5-10 km altitude range. We found that anoma-lously high O 3 indicates a remote origin, while RH is controlled by a range of dynamical processes resulting in a bimodality 10 in RH anomalies. The Palau time series conﬁrms a year-round presence of low O 3 background air masses and a seasonal mid-tropospheric cycle in O 3 with a prominent anti-correlation between O 3 volume mixing ratios and RH. We assumed ﬁve different types of air masses with differing tracer characteristics and origin which we validated by analyzing backward trajectories calculated with the transport module of the Lagrangian chemistry and transport model ATLAS. The main result is a clear separation of origin and pathways for the two most contrasting types of air masses, i.e
Software Transactional Memory

Transactional memory has been a hot topic in the realm of concurrent and highly parallel systems, and in programming language design and analysis, as an alternative model for engineers to use and think about concurrency. This survey of these techniques is intended to fulfill the project requirements for the course Computer Science 203: Programming Languages and Environments, for the Fall 2005 quarter, professor Cormac Flanagan.
When and How to Have Negative Regrets for Online Learners? Proﬁts for Prediction Market Makers as an Example

The correspondence between an online linear optimization/learning problem using Follow the Regularized Leader and a market making problem using a duality-based cost function market maker has been extensively explored. There, the goal of regret minimization for learners corresponds to the goal of minimizing the worst-case loss for market makers, which is a common objective for prediction market making design. With the insights from online learning about designing no-regret algorithms under a “predictable” or “more regular” loss environment (e.g., speciﬁcally, low variation or low deviation), which corresponds to some “patterns” of trade sequences in market making, we aim to achieve market making that furthermore guarantees proﬁts, i.e., negative regrets, under appropriate patterns of trade sequences, which may require conditions other than those suggested by just low deviation or variation. We propose the optimistic lazy-update online mirror descent algorithm, which can be seen as Be the Regularized Leader with the supposedly unknown current loss vector being estimated by using the “predictability” of the loss sequence. Following the framework of regret analysis for Be the Regularized Leader, we focus on analyzing the hypothetical Be the Regularized Leader with the “known” current loss vector when in each time step, a leader is “strong” compared with the other non-minimizers in terms of its much less current cumulative loss, the regret will be negative in this case, and the more frequent changes of leaders the more negative of the regret. If the immediately previous loss vector is an estimator of the current loss vector, the regret can stay negative whenever the estimation error is small. In addition, we propose a modiﬁed optimistic multiplicative update algorithm catching infrequent changes of “dominant experts” quickly enough to beat a ﬁxed best expert in hindsight in cumulative losses thereby to obtain negative regrets. The negative regret bounds of our algorithms ensure the proﬁt bounds of our proposed prediction market makers.
FLUID-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A NON-CONTACTING FINGER SEAL

Non-contacting finger seal models and calculation methods accounting for the deformation of seal elements under gas loading are developed. The developed models have different levels of detalization that enables us to use them both for fast preliminary calculations and for a full features analysis of the seal. Based on the developed models a calculation study of a finger seal is conducted and its efficiency and ability to proper operation is shown. Thus finger seals can be used for improving engine efficiency. Different constructive modifications of finger seal elements are considered.