Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancement of Power Amplifier Class AB Push-Pull using Component Balun and Invert Doherty Combined with Negative Feedback

The System of storage ring in Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) is designed to compensate electron energy in storage ring using a cavity tuner. The cavity acquires a power from vacuum tube amplifier around 30-35 KW at the operating frequency of 118 MHz. To maintain such a high power, the system requires Power Amplifier (PA) having a high efficiency by solid state technology. This amplifier is a class AB push-pull type which has three important parts including Balun, matching circuit and DC bias. In this paper, we use Invert Doherty combined with Negative feedback to improve the PA performance. Invert Doherty technique can improve the efficiency of PA but the circuit is non-linear so it causes non-linear performance. Hence, in this paper, the authors propose a negative feedback in conjunction with invert Doherty for increasing linearity and power efficiency of PA. Also the use of lumped element instead of microstrip line in balun circuit is proposed to obtain the best efficiency. The performance measurement of Invert Doherty power amplifier combined with negative feedback (IDPA-NF) is presented and it is compared to the conventional PA with the same matching circuit. The results show that the proposed system can significantly improve the efficiency of class-AB amplifier.
Chemical and morphological evolution of a silicate surface under low-energy ion irradiation

Aims. Olivine surfaces have been subjected to low-energy ion irradiation with H + ,H e + and Ar + at energies within the keV range in order to simulate the effects of energetic gas-grain interactions within shocked regions of the interstellar medium. Methods. The induced modifications in the chemical composition and the bonding configuration of the upper and the near surface regions were monitored in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The associated morphological evolution of the samples was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results. Results show that the surface chemistry evolves during irradiation with a noticeable Mg enrichment relative to Si. This evolution is interpreted as coming from magnesium atom diffusion driven by the electric field caused by the positive ion implantation. The iron valence state is also strongly affected by irradiation, with reduction occurring at relatively high fluxes. However, at low fluxes the iron is found to oxidise from Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ due to a charge transfer between the incident positive ions and the iron in the sample. The atomic force microscopy results show that the surface roughness tends to increase with irradiation and that this roughness influences the surface chemical reactivity of the grains, as shown by the enhanced formation of carbonate on the surfaces when they are exposed to a CO2 atmosphere. The implications for the evolution of interstellar dust include an enhanced dust catalytic activity. These effects would arise from modification under irradiation of the surface reactivity and an increase in the available grain surface area.
Presolar He and Ne Isotopes in Single Circumstellar SiC Grains

Noble gas isotopes in presolar silicon carbide (SiC) dust grains from primitive meteorites provide, together with major element isotopic compositions, insight into the nucleosynthetic output of different types of evolved stars >4.5 Gyr ago. We report here new results from helium and neon isotopic analyses of single presolar SiC grains with sizes between 0.6 and 6.3 μm using an ultrahigh sensitivity mass spectrometer. These noble gas studies were complemented by an ion microprobe study (NanoSIMS) of Si, C, and N isotopic compositions of the same grains. About 40%, or 46 of the 110 grains analyzed, contain nucleosynthetic 22Ne and/or 4He from their parent stars above our mass spectrometer's detection limit. We discuss the possible stellar sources using isotopic ratios as constraints combined with new model predictions for low- to intermediate-mass (1.5, 2, 3, and 5 M☉) asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of different metallicities (1, 1/2, 1/3, and 1/6 Z☉). Most SiC grains are of the mainstream type and originated in low-mass AGB stars. We find a higher-than-expected percentage of A/B type grains, with some containing 22Ne and/or 4He. In addition, we find one noble gas-rich nova grain candidate, one supernova grain (X-type grain), and one 22Ne-rich X- or Z-type grain candidate.
The propagation of a voidage disturbance in a uniformly fluidized bed

By considering the evolution of a localized voidage disturbance imposed on an otherwise uniformly fluidized bed we are able to determine the dominant effects of the many terms in the continuum equations of motion governing a fluidized bed. For small perturbations a linearized theory is developed, showing that the stability of the uniform state is critically dependent upon the particle-phase collisional pressure and the flow rate of the uniform state, while the effect of particle phase viscosity is shown to be purely dispersive. When the uniform state is stable, the disturbance is shown to develop into a decaying pulse followed by a decaying wavetrain. For finite-amplitude disturbance, nonlinear effects are considered. These are shown to give rise to the propagation of high voidage gradients through the bed. Having established that such voidage fronts will develop, a detailed study of their structure is made. This gives strong indications that, for flow rates at which the uniform state is unstable, the bed will restabilize into a quasisteady periodic state.
Path systems in certain planar graphs and quadratic identities for quantum minors

We deal with weighted planar graphs G, called grid-shaped ones, arising as a natural generalization of the graphs associated to Cauchon diagrams. Adapting an approach due to Casteels [2], we consider a matrix PathG generated by paths in G, whose entries are shown to obey quasicommutation relations similar to those in quantum matrices. By a version of Lindstrom Lemma, certain systems or disjoint paths, or flows, in G generate minors of PathG. This paper gives a complete combinatorial characterization of homogeneous quadratic relations of “universal character” valid for minors of the matrix PathG of any grid-shaped graph G and, as a consequence, for minors in quantized coordinate rings of matrices over a field. For this purpose, we develop a quantum version of the flow-matching method elaborated for the commutative case in [5]. The method is illustrated with representative examples and an algorithm of recognizing universal quadratic identities for quantum minors is devised.
Development of Carbon Based Plasma Facing Components for Steady State Operation of the Fusion Devices in China

In recent years, a series of multi-element doped graphite materials has been developed for PFC (plasma facing components) in China. Detailed investigation of the composition and full characterization of the microstructure of the doped graphite were carried out in the last several years and are now still in progress. These research activities were mainly concentrated on multi-element (B, Si, Ti) doped graphite and thick gradient SiC coatings. Investigations on the applicability of doped graphite as PFC under high heat flux, and further evaluation under HT-7 limiter plasma irradiation have been carefully investigated. From a 0.3 m2 poloidal limiter to a 1.2 m2 new belt limiter plus two poloidal limiters with actively water-cooled, this changes to the new carbon limiter in the HT-7 device turned out to be very successful. The plasma performance has been significantly improved and the longest discharge duration has been more than 60 s. These results have demonstrated that new carbon armoured PFCs will be an attractive choice making them competitive with other candidate PFC for the first wall of steady state fusion devices.
Copper Sun

Poet, playwright, novelist, graduate of DeWitt Clinton High, New York University, and Harvard University, Countee Cullen (1903–1946) emerged as a leading literary figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Copper Sun, his second book of poetry, explores the emotional consequences of being black, Christian, bisexual, and a poet in Jazz Age America—such as in the following “Confession”: If for a day joy masters me, Think not my wounds are healed; Far deeper than the scars you see, I keep the roots concealed. They shall bear blossoms with the fall; I have their word for this, Who tend my roots with rains of gall, And suns of prejudice. Countee Cullen’s poetry is illustrated with 16 decorative cuts created by Charles Cullen (no relation to the poet) in extravagant Art Deco style. Contents: I. COLOR : FROM THE DARK TOWER • THRENODY FOR A BROWN GIRL • CONFESSION • UNCLE JIM • COLORED BLUES SINGER • COLORS • THE LITANY OF THE DARK PEOPLE II. THE DEEP IN LOVE : PITY THE DEEP IN LOVE • ONE DAY WE PLAYED A GAME • TIMID LOVER • NOCTURNE • WORDS TO MY LOVE • EN PASSANT • VARIATIONS ON A THEME • A SONG OF SOUR GRAPES • IN MEMORIAM • LAMENT • IF LOVE BE STAUNCH • THE SPARK • SONG OF THE REJECTED LOVER • TO ONE WHO WAS CRUEL • SONNET TO A SCORNFUL LADY • THE LOVE TREE III. AT CAMBRIDGE: THE WIND BLOWETH WHERE IT LISTETH • THOUGHTS IN A ZOO • TWO THOUGHTS OF DEATH • THE POET PUTS HIS HEART TO SCHOOL • LOVE'S WAY • PORTRAIT OF A LOVER • AN OLD STORY • TO LOVERS OF EARTH: FAIR WARNING IV. VARIA: IN SPITE OF DEATH • COR CORDIUM • LINES TO MY FATHER • PROTEST • AN EPITAPH • SCANDAL AND GOSSIP • YOUTH SINGS A SONG OF ROSEBUDS • HUNGER • LINES TO OUR ELDERS • THE POET • MORE THAN A FOOL'S SONG • AND WHEN I THINK • ADVICE TO A BEAUTY • ULTIMATUM • LINES WRITTEN IN JERUSALEM • ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA • MILLENNIAL • AT THE WAILING WALL IN JERUSALEM • TO ENDYMION • EPILOGUE V. JUVENILIA: OPEN DOOR • DISENCHANTMENT • LEAVES • SONG • THE TOUCH • A POEM ONCE SIGNIFICANT, NOW HAPPILY NOT • UNDER THE MISTLETOE
Effect of particle distribution on the compaction behavior of granular beds

This research determines how particle size and particle distribution affects the compaction of granular beds. A modelling and experimental effort was recently designed to compare the compaction behavior of two types of granular HMX: prepressed conventional (coarse) HMX material (mean diameter of 40μm) and microfine HMX (mean diameter <5μm) [M. Greenaway, Journal of Applied Physics 97, 093521 (2005)]. The microfine material demonstrated higher levels of granular bed strength. Mesoscale modelling of granular beds that are of fixed initial solid volume fraction but vary in particle size and distribution have been undertaken that include a simple elastic-plastic strength model. These suggest that it is not inherently the “size” of a particle that controls the bed strength but the morphology and distribution of particle grains. These solutions are compared with the behavior predicted from continuum scale models of material compaction.
An Explicit Formula for Likelihood Function for Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Moving-Average Model Conditioned on Initial Observables with Application to Model Calibration

We derive an explicit formula for likelihood function for Gaussian VARMA model conditioned on initial observables where the moving-average (MA) coefficients are scalar. For fixed MA coefficients the likelihood function is optimized in the autoregressive variables $\Phi$'s by a closed form formula generalizing regression calculation of the VAR model with the introduction of an inner product defined by MA coefficients. We show the assumption of scalar MA coefficients is not restrictive and this formulation of the VARMA model shares many nice features of VAR and MA model. The gradient and Hessian could be computed analytically. The likelihood function is preserved under the root invertion maps of the MA coefficients. We discuss constraints on the gradient of the likelihood function with moving average unit roots. With the help of FFT the likelihood function could be computed in $O((kp+1)^2T +ckT\log(T))$ time. Numerical calibration is required for the scalar MA variables only. The approach can be generalized to include additional drifts as well as integrated components. We discuss a relationship with the Borodin-Okounkov formula and the case of infinite MA components.
Particle analysis with digital holography

The recording of holograms and the numerical reconstruction of the wave fields became possible with the development of high-resolution CCD-cameras and fast computers. This technique called Digital Holography is used for example in particle measurements and deformation analysis. Using an inline holography setup for particle measurements the particle distribution is calculated numerically from the recorded hologram. By varying the recording distance particles can be found in different depths of the analyzed volume. Using holographic film, the reconstruction process provides only the intensity of the recorded objects. With Digital Holography also the phase of the reconstructed object wave can be calculated. The question is whether the phase of the reconstructed optical field contains additional information compared to the intensity which can be used for example to find the depth coordinate with a much higher resolution. However the experiments show that the dimension of the recording system, the wavelength of the light used and the distance between object and recording system are still limiting factors for lateral and depth resolution. The presented paper gives an overview over phase reconstruction in particle analysis.
A General Framework for Estimation and Inference of Geographically Weighted Regression Models: 1. Location-Specific Kernel Bandwidths and a Test for Locational Heterogeneity

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) has been proposed as a technique to explore spatial parametric nonstationarity. The method has been developed mainly along the lines of local regression and smoothing techniques, a strategy that has led to a number of difficult questions about the regularity conditions of the likelihood function, the effective number of degrees of freedom, and in general the relevance of extending the method to derive inference and model specification tests. In this paper we argue that placing GWR within a different statistical context, as a spatial model of error variance heterogeneity, or what might be termed locational heterogeneity, solves these difficulties. A maximum-likelihood-based framework for estimation and inference of a general geographically weighted regression model is presented that leads to a method to estimate location-specific kernel bandwidths. Moreover, a test for locational heterogeneity is derived and its use exemplified with a case study.
Feature level fusion for hyperspectral images

This paper presents a new method for detecting poultry skin tumors based on serial feature fusion in hyperspectral images. First, some transform methods, including principal component analysis, discrete wavelet transform and band ratio method, are used to generate largely independent datasets in the hyperspectral fluorescence images. Then, the kernel discriminant analysis is utilized to extract features from each represented dataset for the purpose of classification; another set of features are extracted from hyperspectral reflectance images by using kernel discriminant analysis. Finally, new fused features are made by combining aforementioned features. The experimental result based on the proposed method shows the better performance in detecting tumors compared with previous works.
Stability criteria and bounds for limit cycles of relay feedback systems

This paper considers the problems of determining the stability and computing the bounds for maintaining the stability of limit cycles of linear systems under relay feedback. It derives a stability criterion and presents a region such that every trajectory starting from this region will converge to the limit cycle. The deduction is based on the estimation on the Poincare map which appears as a non-linear function.
Stokes and anti-Stokes double resonance Raman scattering in two-dimensional graphite

In this work, we discuss all possible double resonance processes which explain the observed features of the disorder-induced D band and its overtone, the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-band, in Stokes (S) and anti-Stokes (AS) Raman spectra of two-dimensional graphite. It is shown that the D band is composed by two peaks,which are not associated with resonances with the incident and scattered photons, but rather are related to whether the first scattering of an electron is by a phonon or by a defect. The model explains the experimental results concerning the frequency shift of the D and ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ bands in the S and AS spectra, as well as the fact that the ${G}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ band is not centered at two times the center of the D-band frequency.
"Now as a 50 year old woman, I know who I am": Older Black Women Reflecting on Dating and Marrying White Men

Abstract:How do older Black women interpret their past and present intimate relationships with white men? In 26 interviews, Black women ranging from 40 to late 70 years old describe their experiences dating and/or marrying white men. Interviewees consider the societal context in which they engage in these relationships, noting differences in intimate interactions with white men in their youth versus their current age. When recollecting their experiences as younger women, interviewees reflect on messages about white men they were taught by older generations, body politics, and engaging with white men in the face of the historical subjugation of white men over Black women. When explaining their contemporary relationships, Black women state white men tend to be persistent, devoted, and accept them as they are. Our results are indicative of the importance of time and generation in interracial relationships that Black women engage in. We apply Black Feminist Thought to elucidate Black women's dynamics in these types of interracial relationships. These findings may be applied more broadly to the study of interracial relationships, and to intimate relationships in general, as we highlight how societal-level events and expectations have the power to impact interpersonal relationships.
Deformations of induced Galois representations

The object of this article is to study the behavior of certain deformation problems and Hecke rings under base change to a real quadratic field. These questions were the subject of conjectures by Doi, Hida, Ishii (see [DHI98] and [Hid98]); in this paper, we will show that Conjecture 2.2 of [Hid98] holds under a suitable hypothesis, and that the isomorphism predicted by Conjecture 3.8 of [DHI98] holds up to a pseudo-null cokernel. The deformations studied in this paper are also interesting in light of the recent work by Skinner and Wiles (see [SW97] and [SW99]) on the deformation of reducible Galois representations. Namely, the ring R + studied in [Hid98] and [DHI98] turns out to be closely related to a pseudodeformation ring; the explication of this connection is crucial to our results. Furthermore, the central conjecture of [Hid98] turns out to be related to a certain class number condition, which is exactly analogous to the condition that appears in [SW97]. Finally, we would like to point out that the deformations considered here give rise to a number of interesting examples. Specifically, we are able to exhibit Λ-adic representations whose traces generate a nontrivial extension of Λ, and with the property that the specializations to certain arithmetic points of weight one are actually ramified over Spec(Λ). This is in contrast to the well-known theorem of Hida, which asserts that arithmetic points of weight k ≥ 2 are smooth over Spec(Λ). To state the results more precisely, we consider a real quadratic extension F = Q( √ D) of Q, with D > 0. Write σ for a generator of the group ∆ = Gal (F/Q) . We fix a prime p > 2, with (D, p) = 1, such that p = pp in F with p = p. Let Fp denote the maximal algebraic extension of F unramified outside p and infinity. Let H = Gal (Fp/F ), and let G = Gal (Fp/Q). Now consider a character φ : H → F×
Malicious attacks modelling: a prevention approach for ad hoc network security

As a result of the expansions that have taken place in the field of networking and the increase in the number of users of networks, there have recently been breakthroughs made in the techniques and methods used for network security. In this paper, a virtual private network (VPN) is proposed as a means of providing the necessary level of security for particular connections that span across vast networks. After the network performance metrics such as time delay and throughput have been accomplished, the suggested VPN is recommended for the purpose of assuring network security. In addition, artificial intelligence attack predictors and virtual private networks have been implemented with the purpose of preventing harmful activity within such connections. Using a wide variety of machine learning methods like Random Forests and Nave Bays, malicious assaults of any kind can be identified and thwarted in their tracks. Another technique for anticipating attacks is the use of an artificial neural network, which is a type of system that engages in deep learning and learns the behaviors of attacks while it is being trained so that it can then predict attacks. The results of this study demonstrate that the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques can significantly improve the security and performance of virtual private networks and can effectively identify and prevent malicious attacks on networks.
Building Multiple Regression Models Interactively

Automated multiple regression model-building techniques often hide important aspects of data from the data analyst. Such features as nonlinearity, collinearity, outliers, and points with high leverage can profoundly affect automated analyses, yet remain undetected. An alternative technique uses interactive computing and exploratory methods to discover unexpected features of the data. One important advantage of this approach is that the data analyst can use knowledge of the subject matter in the resolution of difficulties. The methods are illustrated with reanalyses of the two data sets used by Hocking (1976, Biometrics 32, 1-44) to illustrate the use of automated regression methods.
A Search for H2CO 6 Centimeter Emission toward Young Massive Stellar Objects

A survey for H2CO 6 cm emission toward young massive stellar objects has been conducted using the 305 m Arecibo Telescope. We report detection of emission toward IRAS 18566+0408, only the fifth source in the Galaxy known to show H2CO 6 cm emission. A cross-scan shows that the size of the emitting region is smaller than the C-band Arecibo half-power beamwidth (i.e., θs < 1′). We detect extended H2CO 6 cm absorption around and toward the emitter position. We detect H2CO 6 cm absorption features toward all 15 sources observed. Three of the sources exhibit complex absorption profiles that could be due to absorption partially filled by emission.
An Application of Eye Movement Parameters Collected from Mass Market Devices for the Estimation of a Text Comprehension

The growing interest in evaluating the reader's comprehension leads to the search for new methods that allow such estimation in real-time (or pseudo-real-time). This can be used for more effective educational processes and to adopt textual content for various purposes. The present study used the Oken Reader eye-tracking application (60 Hz) for mass-market devices to assess reading comprehension processes. Twenty-three (23) respondents aged between 19 and 31 (mean = 24. 5, SE = 1. 4, 65% female) participated in the study. The mean, mu, and sigma parameters differed significantly depending on the level of text comprehension. This result indicates the possibility of using mass-market devices with eye-tracking technology to assess comprehension in reading. Furthermore, the study's results confirm the possibility of searching the correlations between physiological indicators such as eye movements and comprehension.