Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing saliency models of observers’ visual attention on acquired facial differences

Abstract. Purpose Saliency models that predict observers’ visual attention to facial differences could enable psychosocial interventions to help patients and their families anticipate staring behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of existing saliency models to predict observers’ visual attention to acquired facial differences arising from head and neck cancer and its treatment. Approach Saliency maps predicted by graph-based visual saliency (GBVS), an artificial neural network (ANN), and a face-specific model were compared to observer fixation maps generated from eye-tracking of lay observers presented with clinical facial photographs of patients with a visible or functional impairment manifesting in the head and neck region. We used a linear mixed-effects model to investigate observer and stimulus factors associated with the saliency models’ accuracy. Results The GBVS model predicted many irrelevant regions (e.g., shirt collars) as being salient. The ANN model underestimated observers’ attention to facial differences relative to the central region of the face. Compared with GBVS and ANN, the face-specific saliency model was more accurate on this task; however, the face-specific model underestimated the saliency of deviations from the typical structure of human faces. The linear mixed-effects model revealed that the location of the facial difference (midface versus periphery) was significantly associated with saliency model performance. Model performance was also significantly impacted by interobserver variability. Conclusions Existing saliency models are not adequate for predicting observers’ visual attention to facial differences. Extensions of face-specific saliency models are needed to accurately predict the saliency of acquired facial differences arising from head and neck cancer and its treatment.
A Determination of the Condensation Coefficient of Water from the Growth Rate of Small Cloud Droplets

Abstract An experiment is described, in which the rate of growth of cloud droplets, in a thermal diffusion chamber, is measured accurately to yield the value of the condensation coefficient. The data obtained from measurements of 40 individual droplets grown at four different supersaturations (0.40,0.49,0.62 and 0.72%) suggests that the values of the condensation coefficient are 0.037, 0.033, 0.031 and 0.033, respectively; the average value is 0.033 with a standard deviation of 0.005. Probable sources of error are discussed and rejected.
Maximin and Bayesian optimal designs for linear and non-linear regression models

For many problems of statistical inference in regression modelling, the Fisher information matrix depends on certain nuisance parameters which are unknown and which enter the model nonlinearly. A common strategy to deal with this problem within the context of design is to construct maximin optimal designs as those designs which maximize the minimum value of a real valued (standardized) function of the Fisher information matrix, where the minimum is taken over a speci ed range of the unknown parameters. The maximin criterion is not di erentiable and the construction of the associated optimal designs is therefore diÆcult to achieve in practice. In the present paper the relationship between maximin optimal designs and a class of Bayesian optimal designs for which the associated criteria are di erentiable is explored. In particular, a general methodology for determining maximin optimal designs is introduced based on the fact that in many cases these designs can be obtained as weak limits of appropriate Bayesian optimal designs. The approach is illustrated by means of a broad range of examples for which the Bayesian optimal and hence the maximin optimal designs can be found explicitly. AMS Subject Classi cation: Primary 62K05 ; Secondary 62F15
Unbalanced Growth, the DNA Replication Cycle and Discovery of Repair Replication

This article recounts my graduate research at Yale University (1954–1958) on unbalanced growth in Eschericia coli during thymine deprivation or following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, with early evidence for the repair of UV-induced DNA damage. Follow-up studies in Copenhagen (1958–1960) in the laboratory of Ole Maaløe led to my discovery that the DNA replication cycle can be synchronized by inhibiting protein and RNA syntheses and that an RNA synthesis step is essential for initiation of the cycle, but not for its completion. This work set the stage for my subsequent research at Stanford University, where the repair replication of damaged DNA was documented, to provide compelling evidence for an excision-repair pathway. That universal pathway validates the requirement for the redundant information in the complementary strands of duplex DNA to ensure genomic stability.
Motifs des variétés analytiques rigides

In this work, I extend the theory of motives, as developed by Voevodsky and Morel-Voevodsky, to the context of rigid analytic geometry over a complete non archimedean field. The first chapter deals with the homotopical approach of Morel and Voevodsky. One finds there the construction of the motivic stable homotopy category of rigid analytic varieties and a complete description of this category in terms of algebraic motives when the base field has equal characteristic zero and its valuation is discrete. The second chapter deals with Voevodsky's approach based on transfers. One finds there the construction of the triangulated category of rigid analytic motives, and an extension to rigid analytic geometry of a large number of Voevodsky's fundamental results such as his theory of homotopy invariants presheaves with transfers. This is said, the present work is a lot more than just a mere copy of the classical theory and the reader will find a lot of results that are new and specific to rigid analytic geometry.
Interference in Cellular Networks: Sum of Lognormals Modeling

We examine the existing methods for evaluating the distribution of the sum of lognormal random variables, focusing on closed-form results. We find that there are no results in literature that are both simple and accurate. We then derive a new closed-form expression for the lower tail of the distribution, and use it to construct a new method using a power-lognormal distribution. We apply both basic moment-matching and our new method the problem of the total interference power in a cellular system. For both methods, we derive equations that find the interference distribution essentially in closed form, using minimal numerical integration. We apply both methods to the uplink and downlink in systems with and without power control, for various cellular layouts, channel models and user activity probability. We compare distributions obtained by Monte-Carlo simulation directly with those obtained by our method, and find very good matches in many useful cases.
Video scene classification based on multiple color spaces and average scene histogram

Study of the semantics of video is a hot and difficult point in video analysis,such as scene classification,video retrieval,moving target's behavior analysis and so on.Therein,scene segmentation is one of basic problems in study on video semantics.Based on the segmentation of video scene,we found that the average scene histogram(ASH) of most typical scene is unique in one or more color components by analyzing the statistical histogram of several color components.That is to say,the shape of most ASH is related to a special scene.After Gaussian fitting,we extract the peaks of ASH characteristics,including peak height,peak position and peak width.With least square method,we proposed a video scene classification based on multiple color spaces and ASH method,and five common video scenes as an example make a preliminary application.Experiment results show that this method has a good classification result.
Image matching based on local entropy and pyramid transform

A method to determine image matching positions of key points based on criteria of local entropy difference is proposed in the paper. Local entropy of each point of image is computed point by point, and the sequences of local entropy are analyzed by means of pyramid transform, i.e. through pyramidal data structure to find crude matching point of low resolution image, and determine accurate matching point of original image (high resolution image) finally. The method has raised the computation effect, featuring good anti-noise properties and anti-distortion of geometry. Experiment results show that its matching accuracy is up to 78% when intensity of salt pepper noise is under 5%.
Understanding orphaned young people’s experience of leaving care in India: A qualitative study

The purpose of this paper is to explore Indian orphaned young people’s perspectives on leaving care. To accomplish this, the researcher conducted in-depth interviews with 13 Indian youth with significant care experience in institutional and residential arrangements. The understanding of care leaving presented here is based on retrospective insights that young people with care experience shared regarding their experiences of leaving care. The results included four themes: ‘miscommunication about care leaving’, ‘an undesirable ending’, ‘limited knowledge about new life’ and ‘key factors for a better transition’. The findings imply that care leaving should be an extended process, not an event. Thus, a dedicated program focusing on care leaving is required. Also, allowing young people to participate in transition planning is essential and can be best ensured with effective communication and carefully formulated care plans. Further, access to extended support in the form of comprehensive and compulsory ‘aftercare’ services is suggested for achieving better outcomes for young people with care experience.
Control of Particle Properties in Thermally-Induced Precipitation of Polyetherimide

The feasibility of thermally-induced phase separation and crystallization for the production of semi-crystalline polyetherimide (PEI) microparticles from an amorphous feedstock has been reported recently. Here, we investigate process parameter dependencies for designing and control of particle properties. A stirred autoclave was used to extend the process controllability, as the applied process parameters, e.g., stirring speed and cooling rate, were adjusted. By increasing the stirring speed, the particle size distribution was shifted to larger values (correlation factor ρ = 0.77). Although, the enhanced droplet breakup, induced by the higher stirring speed, led to the formation of smaller particles (ρ = −0.68), broadening the particle size distribution. The cooling rate showed a significant influence on the melting temperature, reducing it with a correlation factor of ρ = −0.77, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. Lower cooling rates led to larger crystalline structures and enhanced the degree of crystallinity. The polymer concentration mainly affected the resulting enthalpy of fusion, as an increased polymer fraction enhanced the latter (correlation factor ρ = 0.96). In addition, the circularity of the particles was positively correlated to the polymer fraction (ρ = 0.88). The structure assessed via X-ray diffraction, was not affected.
Measurement of the production cross section of a W boson with a single charm quark using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider

This thesis presents the measurement of the production cross section of a W boson with a single charm quark in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb−1 and were collected during 2011. This is the first time that ATLAS data has been used for this particular measurement. This cross section is of particular interest as a probe of the strange quark density of the proton. Typically, the strange quark density is considered to be suppressed relative to that of the other light-quarks in the proton sea. However, some analyses suggest a more symmetric composition of light-quarks in the proton sea. The results of this study aim to improve the precision of the determination of the strange quark density. The analysis uses events where the W boson decays to a muon and a neutrino. In such events, the charm quark is identified by its semileptonic decay to a soft muon within a hadronic jet. The charge correlation between the W boson and the soft muon is exploited to reduce the backgrounds substantially. The analysis results are combined with those obtained using additional decay channels. The measured cross section provides further constraint for the determination of the strange quark density, advancing the knowledge of the fundamental structure of the proton. The results are compared with predictions of next-to-leading-order QCD calculations obtained using various parton distribution function parameterisations. Additionally, the ratio of the strange-to-down sea-quark distributions is determined to be 0.96 −0.30 at Q 2 = 1.9 GeV. This supports the hypothesis of a symmetric composition of light-quarks in the proton sea. The cross section ratio σ(W + + c)/σ(W− + c) is also determined and compared with different predictions for the asymmetry of the strange and anti-strange quark distribution functions.
G-QINDER Tool: Bioinformatically Predicted Formation of Different Four-Stranded DNA Motifs from (GT)n and (GA)n Repeats

The recently introduced semi-orthogonal system of nucleic acid imaging offers a greatly improved method of identifying DNA sequences that are capable of adopting noncanonical structures. This paper uses our newly developed G-QINDER tool to identify specific repeat sequences that adopt unique structural motifs in DNA: TG and AG repeats. The structures were found to adopt a left-handed G-quadruplex form under extreme crowding conditions and a unique tetrahelical motif under certain other conditions. The tetrahelical structure likely consists of stacked AGAG-tetrads but, unlike G-quadruplexes, their stability does not appear to be dependent on the type of monovalent cation present. The occurrence of TG and AG repeats in genomes is not rare, and they are also found frequently in the regulatory regions of nucleic acids, so it is reasonable to assume that putative structural motifs, like other noncanonical forms, could play an important regulatory role in cells. This hypothesis is supported by the structural stability of the AGAG motif; its unfolding can occur even at physiological temperatures since the melting temperature is primarily dependent on the number of AG repeats in the sequence.
Factor analysis of dynamic structures in dynamic SPECT imaging using maximum entropy

Factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) is a technique used in the automatic extraction of time activity curves (TACs) from dynamic sequences. Although it has been reported that factor analysis with non-negativity constraints can in certain cases correlate with region of interest (ROI) measurements in SPECT and PET heart studies, the method does not ensure a unique solution. In this work it is shown that the FADS result is improved by using the Maximum Entropy Principle. Both the FADS technique and the new maximum entropy method were tested on simulated data and experimental /sup 99m/Tc-teboroxime canine cardiac data. The results showed that the FADS technique, using only non-negativity constraints, produced curves that did not always closely approximate the true curves. The new method, however, resulted in TACs that closely resembled the true curves. Thus, the inclusion of an entropy term is a useful method for obtaining more accurate extractions of TACs from dynamic SPECT data.
Optimization of helical soil nailing behaviors by response surface methodology and hybrid Coot optimization

Soil nailing is one of the effective methods of slope stabilization, and its stability mainly depends on the properties of both the soil and soil nails. Optimizing soil nailing parameters is an effective task to avoid installation issues. This work uses four input parameters: different shaft diameters, surcharge pressure, helical pitch, and inclination angle. The design plan for the experimentation is conducted using Box Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM), performed in design expert software. In addition, RSM is used to determine the optimal design combinations. A total of 25 experimental runs are taking place, and the significance of the developed quadratic model is determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Hybrid deep belief network‐based Coot optimization (DBN‐CO) is also used to optimize the pull‐out capacity and the safety factor during installation for more precised prediction. When compared to others the proposed hybrid DBN‐CO predictive model represents the better performance with regression R = 0.99. Also least MSE & RMSE and highest R & R2 values obtained by hybrid DBN‐CO. The obtained experimental outcomes from RSM are 1.46 of safety factor, and 7.55 kN pull‐out capacity. The predicted results from the proposed hybrid DBN‐CO for the safety factor are 1.44 and pull‐out capacity is 7.77 kN. As a result, the optimal results of DBN‐CO are 3% greater than RSM, DBN, and artificial neural network (ANN). Based on prediction approaches the proposed hybrid DBN‐CO results are in perfect agreement with experimental values and are additional superior to the RSM, DBN, and ANN.
Less conservative robustness analysis of linear parameter varying systems using integral quadratic constraints

This paper considers the robustness of a feedback connection of a known linear parameter varying system and a perturbation. A sufficient condition is derived to bound the worst‐case gain and ensure robust asymptotic stability. The input/output behavior of the perturbation is described by multiple integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). The analysis condition is formulated as a dissipation inequality. The standard approach requires a non‐negative definite storage function and the use of ‘hard’ IQCs. The term ‘hard’ means that the IQCs can be specified as time‐domain integral constraints that hold over all finite horizons. The main result demonstrates that the dissipation inequality condition can be formulated requiring neither a non‐negative storage function nor hard IQCs. A key insight used to prove this result is that the multiple IQCs, when combined, contain hidden stored energy. This result can lead to less conservative robustness bounds. Two simple examples are presented to demonstrate this fact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Continuous Wound Infiltration a Better Option for Postoperative Pain Management after Open Nephrectomy Compared to Thoracic Epidural Analgesia?

Background: Despite increasingly advanced minimally invasive percutaneous ablation techniques, surgery remains the only evidence-based therapy in curative intent for larger (>3–4 cm) renal tumors. Although minimally invasive surgery using (robotic-assisted) laparoscopic or retroperitoneoscopic approaches has gained popularity, open nephrectomy (ON) is still performed in 25% of cases, especially in tumors with central localization (partial ON) or large tumors with/without cava thrombus (total ON). As postoperative pain is one of the drawbacks of ON, our study aims to assess recovery and post-operative pain management using continuous wound infiltration (CWI) compared to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA). Methods: Since 2012, all patients undergoing ON at our tertiary cancer center at CHUV have been included in our prospective ERAS® (enhanced recovery after surgery) registry that is centrally stored in ERAS® Interactive Audit System (EIAS) secured server. This study represents an analysis of all patients operated on with partial or total ON at our center between 2012 and 2022. An additional analysis was performed for the estimations of the total cost of CWI and TEA, based on the diagnosis-related group method. Results: 92 patients were included and analyzed in this analysis (n = 64 (70%) with CWI; n = 28 (30%) with TEA). Adequate oral pain control was earlier achieved in the CWI group compared to the TEA group (median 3 vs. 4 days; p = 0.001), whereas immediate postoperative pain relief was better in the TEA group (p = 0.002). Consequently, opioid use was higher in the CWI group (p = 0.004). Still, reported nausea was lower in the CWI group (p = 0.002). Median time to bowel recovery was similar in both groups (p = 0.03). A shorter LOS (0.5 days) was observed in patients managed with CWI, although this was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). The use of CWI has reduced total hospital costs by nearly 40%. Conclusions: TEA has better results in terms of postoperative pain management compared to CWI following ON. However, CWI is better tolerated, and causes less nausea and earlier recovery, which leads to a shorter length of stay. Given its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, CWI should be encouraged for ON.
Entrainment and mixing properties of multiphase plumes: Experimental studies on turbulence and scalar structure of a bubble plume

Entrainment and Mixing Properties of Multiphase Plumes: Experimental Studies on Turbulence and Scalar Structure of a Bubble Plume. (May 2008) Dong-Guan Seol, B.S., Pukyong National University, Korea; M.S., Pukyong National University, Korea Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Scott A. Socolofsky This dissertation presents a series of laboratory experiments to study flow and mixing properties of multiphase plumes. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laserinduced fluorescence (LIF) techniques are developed to measure two-dimensional velocity and concentration fields of multiphase plumes. The developed measurement techniques are applied to bubble plumes in different ambient conditions. The problems and errors in the two-phase PIV application to a bubble plume case are addressed through a comparative study between the optical separation method using fluorescent particles and a new phase separation method using vector postprocessing. The study shows that the new algorithm predicts well the instantaneous and time-averaged velocity profiles and has errors comparable to those for image masking techniques. The phase separation method developed in the previous section is applied to study the mean flow characteristics of a bubble plume in quiescent and unstratified condition. The entrainment coefficients representing the mixing properties of a bubble plume are calculated to lie between 0.08 near the plume source and 0.05 in the upper region, and to depend on the non-dimensional quantity us/(B/z) , where us is the bubble slip velocity, B is the initial buoyancy flux, and z is the height from the