Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schur Flows for Orthogonal Hessenberg Matrices

\Ve consider a standard matrix flow on the set of unitary upper Hessenberg ma.trices ·with nonnegative subdia.gonal clements. The Schur parametrization of this set of ma.trices leads to ordinary differenlial equations for the >veights and the parameters lhal are analogous with the Toda. How as identilied with a How on Jacobi ma.trices. \Ve de rive explicit differential equations for the fluw on the Schur par;uneters of orthogonal Hessenberg nrntrices. \Ve also outline an efficient procedure for computing the solution of Jacobi fluws and Schur fluws.
Planar Ultra-Wideband ( UWB ) Antenna with C-Band Rejection Using Self-Complementary Structures

─ In this paper, we describe an application of the Self-Complementary Structures (SCS) to design a low-profile UWB monopole antenna with band-notched function. The proposed antenna consists of a square radiating patch with a rotated Z-shaped slot, a ground plane with a rectangular slot and rotated Z-shaped parasitic structure inside slot; which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 125% (2.8112.63 GHz), with band-notched function around 3.7-4.2 GHz, to avoid interference from C-band communications. In the presented antenna, by using a rotated Z-shaped parasitic structure inside the rectangular slot in the ground plane, additional resonances are excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced; especially at the higher band. To generate a band-stop characteristic, we use the self-complementary structure of the configuration that was inserted in the ground plane, which is a rotated Z-shaped slot at square radiating patch; with this design we can give a C-band rejection performance. The designed antenna has a small dimension of 12×18×0.8 mm3. Index Terms ─ Microstrip-fed antenna, rotated Zshaped structure, Self-Complementary Structure (SCS), ultra-wideband system.
Optimization of lighting design usign Genetic algorithms

This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm to optimize lightning design parameters integrated with a Computer Aided Design (CAD) application. The algorithm offers a search optimization approach to achieve better design solutions when compared to traditional tools. The proposed CAD tool uses innovative concepts of Information Visualization. Complex 3D representation and calculation is established through an intuitive and strategic conjunction.
Recovery of distorted document images from bound volumes

Recovery, of document images scanned from thick bound volumes is necessary for the purpose of human reading and text retrieval. The main problem with scanning of bound volumes is that there always occurs perspective distortion. Stich distortion causes two sources of degradation for the scanned images - 1) shadow at the bookspine area, and 2) warping of the words in the shadow. In this paper, we have developed a restoration system to solve these two problems. First, the boundary between the shadow and the clean area is detected. Then the system applies a modified Niblack's method to remove the shadow. The system uses a connected component analysis to help improve the noise reduction and adjust the location and orientation of the warped word in the shadow area, i.e. the words within the boundary detected earlier. The implementation results for each step are presented. Our system will be used in the text retrieval projects for National Archives of Singapore and NUS Digital Library.
Syntax and Semantics of Workflows That Include Passbacks

The questions of how to represent passbacks (redoing) of work in a workflow and of what semantics to apply to passbacks comprise an important issue in workflow research. In this paper, cyclic workflows are regarded as workflows with passbacks, and the normal form of a workflow is defined from properties of workflows as graphs. For a normal workflow, semantics based on passbacks is defined as a transition system on subgraphs of the workflow. Based on the transition system, this paper defines total correctness of a workflow with passbacks. Furthermore, this paper proves that total correctness of workflows with passbacks, defined in this paper, is a natural extension of the conventional correctness of acyclic workflows. This paper also shows that the correctness of a normal workflow amounts to the correctness of the acyclic sub-workflows included in the normal workflow.
FORAY-GEN: automatic generation of affine functions for memory optimizations

In today's embedded applications, a significant portion of energy is spent in the memory subsystem. Several approaches have been proposed to minimize this energy, including the use of scratch pad memories, with many based on static analysis of a program. However, it is often not possible to perform static analysis and optimization of a program's memory access behavior unless the program is specifically written for this purpose. We introduce the FORAY model of a program that permits aggressive analysis of the application's memory behavior that further enables such optimization since it consists of 'for' loops and array accesses which are easily analyzable. We present FORAY-GEN, an automated profile-based approach for extraction of the FORAY model from the original program. We also demonstrate how FORAY-GEN enhances applicability of other memory subsystem optimization approaches, resulting in an average doubling in the number of memory references that can be analyzed by existing static approaches.
Effect of touchscreen and input device softness on task performance and subjective evaluation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the softness of two mobile touchscreens and three direct input devices on user's task performance and subjective evaluation for tapping tasks. In the within-subjects design, 44 participants were asked to perform tasks as quickly and accurately as possible across the six combinations. After completing tasks in each condition, they filled out a questionnaire to evaluate the perceived pleasantness and degree of elasticity. The result showed a main effect of different touchscreen types on the task performance and degree of elasticity while different input device types showed a main effect on all three dependent variables. An interaction effect of two independent variables on the degree of elasticity was found. Along with the result, the practical implications of these findings are also discussed.
Neurophysiology of the “Celiac Brain”: Disentangling Gut-Brain Connections

Celiac disease (CD) can be considered a complex multi-organ disorder with highly variable extra-intestinal, including neurological, involvement. Cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, seizures, headache, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric diseases are complications frequently reported. These manifestations may be present at the onset of the typical disease or become clinically evident during its course. However, CD subjects with subclinical neurological involvement have also been described, as well as patients with clear central and/or peripheral nervous system and intestinal histopathological disease features in the absence of typical CD manifestations. Based on these considerations, a sensitive and specific diagnostic method that is able to detect early disease process, progression, and complications is desirable. In this context, neurophysiological techniques play a crucial role in the non-invasive assessment of central nervous system (CNS) excitability and conductivity. Moreover, some of these tools are known for their valuable role in early diagnosis and follow-up of several neurological diseases or systemic disorders, such as CD with nervous system involvement, even at the subclinical level. This review provides an up-to-date summary of the neurophysiological basis of CD using electroencephalography (EEG), multimodal evoked potentials, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The evidence examined here seems to converge on an overall profile of “hyperexcitable celiac brain,” which partially recovers after institution of a gluten-free diet (GFD). The main translational correlate is that in case of subclinical neurological involvement or overt unexplained symptoms, neurophysiology could contribute to the diagnosis, assessment, and monitoring of a potentially underlying CD.
Evaluation of a Global Vegetation Model using time series of satellite vegetation indices

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 drives most of the greenhouse effect increase. One major uncertainty on the future rate of increase of CO2 in the atmosphere is the impact of the anticipated climate change on the vegetation. Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVM) are used to address this question. ORCHIDEE is such a DGVM that has proven useful for climate change studies. However, there is no objective and methodological way to accurately assess each new available version on the global scale. In this paper, we submit a methodological evaluation of ORCHIDEE by correlating satellite-derived Vegetation Index time series against those of the modeled Fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR). A perfect correlation between the two is not expected, however an improvement of the model should lead to an increase of the overall performance. We detail two case studies in which model improvements are demonstrated, using our methodology. In the first one, a new phenology version in ORCHIDEE is shown to bring a significant impact on the simulated annual cycles, in particular for C3 Grasses and C3 Crops. In the second case study, we compare the simulations when using two different weather fields to drive ORCHIDEE. The ERA-Interim forcing leads to a better description of the FPAR interannual anomalies than the simulation forced by a mixed CRU-NCEP dataset. This work shows that long time series of satellite observations, despite their uncertainties, can identify weaknesses in global vegetation models, a necessary first step to improving them.
Growth Factors and Corneal Endothelial Cells: II. Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor from Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent mitogen for corneal endothelial cells and may play a role in endothelial wound healing. To further characterize the interaction of EGF with endothelial cells, we measured biochemical parameters of 125I-EGF binding to cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC), determined the pattern of EGF-induced protein phosphorylation, and investigated the influence of retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) on EGF-induced DNA synthesis and receptor levels. Binding of 125I-EGF to BCEC was dependent on time, reaching a plateau after ~2 h at 37°C, was specific for EGF, and had high affinity (Kd = 100 pM) with approximately 21,000 receptors per cell. Cellular substrates for the EGF receptor kinase, which may function as initial second messengers for EGF, were detected by autoradiography of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of 32P-labeled BCEC proteins. EGF stimulated phosphorylation of 170, 37, 21 and 20-kDa proteins. Addition of 1 nM 100 nM and 10 µ, M RA to BCEC cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h progressively inhibited DNA synthesis by up to 80% compared with control cultures. However, when added in combination with 5 nM EGF, 1 nM and 100 nM RA synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis by up to 80% above the level of EGF stimulation without altering EGF receptor levels or binding affinity. Thus, short-term exposure of BCEC to RA potentiated EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis, most likely by acting at a postreceptor step. Addition of 10 nM TGF-β to BCEC cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h stimulated low levels of DNA synthesis and did not significantly alter EGF-induced DNA synthesis nor alter EGF-induced protein phosphorylation patterns. These results demonstrate that EGF receptor in BCEC has biochemical characteristics that are similar to EGF receptors in other mammalian cells including stimulation of phosphorylation of several cellular proteins that may mediate the biological action of EGF in BCEC, and that EGF may interact synergistically with other agents that influence corneal endothelial cell mitosis.
Taxonomy and Challenges of the Integration of RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks

Radio frequency identification and wireless sensor networks are two important wireless technologies that have a wide variety of applications in current and future systems. RFID facilitates detection and identification of objects that are not easily detectable or distinguishable by using conventional sensor technologies. However, it does not provide information about the condition of the objects it detects. WSN, on the other hand, not only provides information about the condition of the objects and environment but also enables multihop wireless communications. Hence, the integration of these technologies expands their overall functionality and capacity. This article investigates recent research work and applications that integrate RFID with sensor networks. Four classes of integration are discussed: integrating tags with sensors, integrating tags with WSN nodes and wireless devices, integrating readers with WSN nodes and wireless devices, and a mix of RFID and WSNs. Finally, a discussion of new challenges and future work is presented.
Ionization-induced star formation - I. The collect-and-collapse model

We conduct smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of the ‘collect-and-collapse’ scenario for star formation triggered by an expanding H ii region. We simulate the evolution of a spherical uniform molecular cloud with an ionizing source at its centre. The gas in the cloud is self-gravitating, although the cloud is prevented from globally collapsing. We find that the shell driven by the H ii region fragments to form numerous self-gravitating objects. We repeat our calculations at four numerical resolutions to ensure that they are converged. We compare our results to the analytical model of Whitworth et al. and show that our simulations and the predictions of Whitworth et al. are in good agreement in the sense that the shell fragments at the time and radius predicted by Whitworth et al. to within 20 and 25 per cent, respectively. Most of the fragments produced in our two highest resolution calculations are approximately half the mass of those predicted by Whitworth et al., but this conclusion is robust against both numerical resolution and the presence of random noise (local fluctuations in density of a factor of ∼2) in the initial gas distribution. We conclude that such noise has little impact on the fragmentation process. Key words
Seasonal Effects on Great Ape Health: A Case Study of Wild Chimpanzees and Western Gorillas

Among factors affecting animal health, environmental influences may directly or indirectly impact host nutritional condition, fecundity, and their degree of parasitism. Our closest relatives, the great apes, are all endangered and particularly sensitive to infectious diseases. Both chimpanzees and western gorillas experience large seasonal variations in fruit availability but only western gorillas accordingly show large changes in their degree of frugivory. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare factors affecting health (through records of clinical signs, urine, and faecal samples) of habituated wild ape populations: a community (N = 46 individuals) of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Kanyawara, Kibale National Park (Uganda), and a western gorilla (G. gorilla) group (N = 13) in Bai Hokou in the Dzanga-Ndoki National Park (Central African Republic). Ape health monitoring was carried out in the wet and dry seasons (chimpanzees: July–December 2006; gorillas: April–July 2008 and December 2008–February 2009). Compared to chimpanzees, western gorillas were shown to have marginally greater parasite diversity, higher prevalence and intensity of both parasite and urine infections, and lower occurrence of diarrhea and wounds. Parasite infections (prevalence and load), but not abnormal urine parameters, were significantly higher during the dry season of the study period for western gorillas, who thus appeared more affected by the large temporal changes in the environment in comparison to chimpanzees. Infant gorillas were the most susceptible among all the age/sex classes (of both apes) having much more intense infections and urine blood concentrations, again during the dry season. Long term studies are needed to confirm the influence of seasonal factors on health and parasitism of these great apes. However, this study suggest climate change and forest fragmentation leading to potentially larger seasonal fluctuations of the environment may affect patterns of ape parasitism and further exacerbate health impacts on great ape populations that live in highly seasonal habitats.
with IL-3 and Tissue Leukocyte Apoptosis and Pulmonary Inflammation Is Associated Resolution of Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness

We have used two models of murine pulmonary inﬂammation to investigate the signals responsible for the resolution of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Both protocols involved two sensitizations with OVA followed by serial aerosolized challenge with OVA. We determined that administration of the second sensitization by aerosol (model A) was associated with a transient response, whereas administration by the i.p. route (model B) induced a sustained response, in the form of BHR and eosinophilia. This difference in kinetics was due solely to the route of the second Ag administration and was not associated with Ag dose or adjuvant. Differences in kinetics of lung eosinophilia/BHR were shown to be independent of IgE levels and IL-4 or IL-5. However, IL-3 levels in model A closely correlated with the rate of leukocyte clearance by apoptosis and were observed concomitant with a decline in BHR. Blockage of IL-3 in model B increased leukocyte apoptosis but reduced tissue eosinophilia and BHR. The use of mouse models in which a single different administration of allergen is associated with a failure/success to resolve inﬂammation and BHR by 72 h postchallenge indicates a link between IL-3 production, leukocyte apoptosis, and BHR responses. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 2033–2040.
Identifying and Ranking the Components Affecting the Failure of Knowledge-Based Companies in Iran and Its Ranking by AHP Technique (The Case Study: Technology and Science Park of Kermanshah)

In the history, the different methods of economic production have been introduced as the dominant method. All of them have a start time, peak time, and wane time and finally, left scene for another method. Today, we live in an era that the knowledge-based economy is introduced as a dominant method of economic production. It can be said that all countries try to improve in this field by introducing their strategies. In the new method, the different countries try to get away of method of industrial mass production and be successful in producing the developed technologies and offering services by following the innovation in the technology. These services and technologies can attract market because of their innovation. To this end, these advanced technologies will capture a major contribution of the GDP revenues. Since a decade ago, by launching technology-science parks, Iran has tried to support the knowledge-based companies to produce and provide goods and high technology services and therefore, get away from the single-product economy and raw materials sale. In this situation, There are challenges in this field. The present study tries to identify the components affecting the failure of knowledge-based companies and their ranking.
Activation of the CREB/c-Fos Pathway during Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellum Granular Layer

The induction of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD) is thought to trigger gene expression and protein synthesis, leading to consolidation of synaptic and neuronal changes. However, while LTP and LTD have been proposed to play important roles for sensori-motor learning in the cerebellum granular layer, their association with these mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we have investigated phosphorylation of the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and activation of the immediate early gene c-Fos pathway following the induction of synaptic plasticity by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in acute cerebellar slices. LTP and LTD were localized using voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi). At two time points following TBS (15 min and 120 min), corresponding to the early and late phases of plasticity, slices were fixed and processed to evaluate CREB phosphorylation (P-CREB) and c-FOS protein levels, as well as Creb and c-Fos mRNA expression. High levels of P-CREB and Creb/c-Fos were detected before those of c-FOS, as expected if CREB phosphorylation triggered gene expression followed by protein synthesis. No differences between control slices and slices stimulated with TBS were observed in the presence of an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist. Interestingly, activation of the CREB/c-Fos system showed a relevant degree of colocalization with long-term synaptic plasticity. These results show that NMDAR-dependent plasticity at the cerebellum input stage bears about transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes potentially contributing to cerebellar learning and memory consolidation.
Implications of the declarative/procedural model for improving second language learning: The role of memory enhancement techniques

The declarative/procedural (DP) model posits that the learning, storage, and use of language critically depend on two learning and memory systems in the brain: declarative memory and procedural memory. Thus, on the basis of independent research on the memory systems, the model can generate specific and often novel predictions for language. Till now most such predictions and ensuing empirical work have been motivated by research on the neurocognition of the two memory systems. However, there is also a large literature on techniques that enhance learning and memory. The DP model provides a theoretical framework for predicting which techniques should extend to language learning, and in what circumstances they should apply. In order to lay the neurocognitive groundwork for these predictions, here we first summarize the neurocognitive fundamentals of the two memory systems and briefly lay out the resulting claims of the DP model for both first and second language. We then provide an overview of learning and memory enhancement techniques before focusing on two techniques – spaced repetition and retrieval practice – that have been linked to the memory systems. Next, we present specific predictions for how these techniques should enhance language learning, and review existing evidence, which suggests that they do indeed improve the learning of both first and second language. Finally, we discuss areas of future research and implications for second language pedagogy.