Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type and Depression

This retrospective review of medical records was designed to address three questions: 1) Can the depression seen in some patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) be successfully treated? 2) Does this treatment lead to any long‐term improvement in the patient's cognitive status? and 3) Do patients with coexisting DAT and depression have a different long‐term clinical course than nondepressed DAT patients? In the authors' sample of 131 DAT subjects, 41 (31%) also met DMS‐III criteria for a major affective disorder. Of those DAT plus depression patients whose records reflected treatment (usually with a tricyclic antidepressant), 85% (17 of 20) showed clear evidence of improvement in mood, vegetative signs, or activities of daily living (ADLs) based on review of the medical record. An analysis of change in cognitive function (measured by the Folstein Mini‐Mental State) and five global measures failed to reveal any differences between the depressed and nondepressed groups after a mean interval of 17 months. The depression that occurs in approximately one‐quarter to one‐third of DAT patients appears to respond to appropriate therapy. These patients often show improvement in their mood and ADLs but remain demented.
The Dysexecutive Syndrome Associated with Ischaemic Vascular Disease and Related Subcortical Neuropathology: A Boston Process Approach

The introduction of diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia has helped to re-define the impact of various subcortical neuropathologies on aging; however, state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques and autopsy studies suggest that not all structural brain alterations associated with vascular dementia are exclusive to this neurodegenerative process alone. Thus, a detailed analysis of the cognitive phenotype associated with ischaemic vascular disease is key to our understanding of subcortical neuropathology and its associated behaviors. Over the past twenty years, we have operationally defined this cognitive phenotype using the Boston Process Approach to neuropsychological assessment. This has led to both an empirical, as well as a theoretical understanding of three core constructs related to the dysexecutive syndrome associated with ischaemic vascular disease affecting periventricular and deep white matter as well as subcortical structures connecting these regions with the prefrontal cortex. Thus, difficulties with mental set, cognitive control and mental manipulation negatively impact executive functioning. This review will outline the subtle markers underlying this prefrontal dysfunction, i.e., the dysexecutive phenotype, associated with ischaemic vascular disease and relate it to fundamental impairments of gating subserved by basal ganglia-thalamic pathways within and across various dementia syndromes.
Simple Syllabic Calls Accompany Discrete Behavior Patterns in Captive Pteronotus parnellii: An Illustration of the Motivation-Structure Hypothesis

Mustached bats, Pteronotus parnellii, are highly social and vocal. Individuals of this species roost in tight clusters, and emit an acoustically rich repertoire of calls whose behavioral significance is largely unknown. We recorded their social and vocal behaviors within a colony housed under semi-natural conditions. We also quantified the spatial spread of each bat's roosting location and discovered that this was relatively fixed and roughly confined to an individual's body width. The spatial precision in roosting was accompanied by an equally remarkable match between specific vocalizations and well-timed, discrete, identifiable postures/behaviors, as revealed by logistic regression analysis. The bodily behaviors included crouching, marking, yawning, nipping, flicking, fighting, kissing, inspecting, and fly-bys. Two echolocation-like calls were used to maintain spacing in the colony, two noisy broadband calls were emitted during fights, two tonal calls conveyed fear, and another tonal call signaled appeasement. Overall, the results establish that mustached bats exhibit complex social interactions common to other social mammals. The correspondence of relatively low frequency and noisy, broadband calls with aggression, and of tonal, high frequency calls with fear supports Morton's Motivation-Structure hypothesis, and establishes a link between motivation and the acoustic structure of social calls emitted by mustached bats.
Functional presentation of travel opportunities in flexible use airspace: an EID of an airborne conflict support tool

In a flexible airspace environment the pilot disposes of an increased amount of travel opportunities. At the same time the airspace traffic situation becomes more complex and the aircraft separation assurance task is shifted towards the cockpit. The design paradigm of ecological interface design is applied to support the pilot with the airborne planning of efficient trajectory paths that maintain spatial separation from other traffic. The desired pilot behavior is achieved by visualizing travel-relevant airspace affordances in terms of realistic aircraft locomotion. As a result, a novel interface the "state vector envelope" presents safe and efficient travel opportunities in a state vector field. The concept has been evaluated through on-line simulations of a number of basic conflict situations
A robust pitch detector based on time envelope and individual harmonic information using Phase Locked Loops and consensual decisions

A pitch detector system is proposed, based on estimation of time envelope information and individual harmonics frequency determination. The system takes advantage of the fact that both the time envelope of a speech signal and the frequency of its individual harmonics carry information about the pitch. A set of pitch hypotheses are calculated from time envelope signals extracted from different parts of the spectrum. These hypotheses are tested against the information obtained from individual harmonics from the lower part of the spectrum. Hypotheses which reliably match that information are preserved, and a consensual decision is taken between them to obtain the final pitch estimation. In addition, several by-products of the process can be retained in order to perform voiced/unvoiced detection. As every subsystem extracts information from arrangements of Phase Locked Loops the detector is very robust in noisy conditions, compared to the well known get f0 algorithm.
Birth weight and cognition in children with epilepsy

Birth weight is an important indicator of prenatal environment, and subtle variations of birth weight within the normal range have been associated with differential risk for cognitive and behavioral problems. Therefore, we aimed to determine if there are differences in birth weight between full‐term children with uncomplicated new/recent‐onset epilepsies and typically developing healthy controls. We further examined the relationships between birth weight and childhood/adolescent cognition, behavior, and academic achievement.
Prevalence of Polyclonal mefA-Containing Isolates among Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococci in Southern Taiwan

ABSTRACT A total of 204 nonrepetitive isolates of group A streptococci (GAS), including 107 randomly collected between 1992 and 1995 and 66 and 31 consecutively collected in 1997 and 1998, respectively, from a university hospital in southern Taiwan were examined to determine the prevalence and mechanisms of erythromycin resistance among these isolates. Resistance to erythromycin was detected in 129 isolates (63.2%) by the agar dilution test. Of these, 42 isolates (32.6%) were assigned to the constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance (cMLS) phenotype, and all carried the ermBgene; 4 (3.1%) were assigned to the inducible MLS resistance (iMLS) phenotype, and all harbored the ermTR gene; and 83 (64.3%) were erythromycin resistant but susceptible to clindamycin (M phenotype), and all possessed the mefA gene. Distributed by years, the rates of erythromycin resistance and different phenotypes were 61.7% (53.0% cMLS, 6.1% iMLS, and 40.9% M phenotype) between 1992 and 1995, 62.1% (12.2% cMLS and 87.8% M phenotype) in 1997, and 71.0% (9.1% cMLS and 90.9% M phenotype) in 1998. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that all but 2 cMLS isolates were clonal in origin, and 17 clones were detected among the M-phenotype isolates. These results indicate that the high incidence and increasing rate of erythromycin-resistant GAS in southern Taiwan are due to the prevalence of multiple M-phenotype clones and that clindamycin may be the drug of choice for the treatment of infections with GAS in penicillin-hypersensitive patients in this area.
Efficacy of Team-Based Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation in the Workplace

Worksite smoking cessation programs offer accessibility of the target population, availability of occupational health support, and the potential for peer pressure and peer support. The purpose of this study was to identify the efficacy of the financial incentives given to various teams in the workplace. St. Paul's Hospital's employees were enrolled. Each team of employees consisted of smoking participants and non-smoking fellow workers from the same department. The financial incentive of 50000 won (about $45) was rewarded to the team for each successful participant-not to individual members-after the first week and then after one month. If the smokers in the team remained abstinent for a longer time period, the team was given an incentive of 100000 won for each successful participant after 3 and 6 months. A total 28 smoking participants and 6 teams were enrolled. Self-reported abstinence rates validated by urinary cotinine test at 3, 6, and 12 months after the initial cessation were 61%, 54%, and 50%, respectively. Smokers with high nicotine dependence scores or those who began participation 1 month after enrollment initiation had a lower abstinence rate at 3 months, but not at 6 and 12 months. Participants who succeeded at smoking cessation at 12 months were more likely to be older and have a longer smoking duration history. The financial incentives given to teams could be promising and effective to improve long-term rates of smoking cessation. This approach could use peer pressure and peer support in the workplace over a longer period.
Protection against Exotoxin A (ETA) andPseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mice with ETA-Specific Antipeptide Antibodies

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes serious and sometimes fatal infections in the compromised host, especially in patients with major trauma or thermal injuries. Exotoxin A (ETA) is the major and most lethal virulence factor produced by this ubiquitous microorganism. In a recent study (H. S. Elzaim, A. K. Chopra, J. W. Peterson, R. Goodheart, and J. P. Heggers, Infect. Immun. 66:2170–2179, 1998), we identified two major epitopes, one within the translocation domain (amino acid [aa] residues 289 to 333) of ETA and another within the enzymatic domain (aa 610 to 638), by using a panel of antipeptide antibodies. Synthetic peptides representing these two epitopes induced ETA-specific antibodies which were able to abrogate the cytotoxic activity of ETA, as measured by incorporation of [3H]leucine into 3T3 fibroblasts. In the present study, these antibodies were tested for the ability to provide protection against ETA and infection with a toxin-producing strain of P. aeruginosa in a mouse model. Antibodies to either of the synthetic peptides conferred protection against ETA. Also, when used for immunization, both peptides induced active immunity to ETA in mice. Antibodies to the peptide representing a region within the enzymatic domain of ETA, in combination with the antibiotic amikacin, enhanced the survival of mice infected with a toxin-producing strain ofP. aeruginosa. Thus, antipeptide antibodies specific for ETA might be paired with antibiotic treatment for passive immunization of patients suffering from P. aeruginosainfection.
Mixed-Membership Stochastic Block-Models for Transactional Networks

Transactional network data can be thought of as a list of one-to-many communications (e.g., email) between nodes in a social network. Most social network models convert this type of data into binary relations between pairs of nodes. We develop a latent mixed membership model capable of modeling richer forms of transactional network data, including relations between more than two nodes. The model can cluster nodes and predict transactions. The block-model nature of the model implies that groups can be characterized in very general ways. This flexible notion of group structure enables discovery of rich structure in transactional networks. Estimation and inference are accomplished via a variational EM algorithm. Simulations indicate that the learning algorithm can recover the correct generative model. Interesting structure is discovered in the Enron email dataset and another dataset extracted from the Reddit website. Analysis of the Reddit data is facilitated by a novel performance measure for comparing two soft clusterings. The new model is superior at discovering mixed membership in groups and in predicting transactions.
National Standard for Measurement of Resting and Ambulatory Blood Pressures With Automated Sphygmomanometers

The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation develops voluntary standards for medical devices so that manufacturers might provide information on their product and basic safety and performance criteria that should be considered in qualifying the instrument for clinical use. American national standards are generated through a consensus process by committees consisting of experts in research, development, and design from user, industry, and government communities. Draft standards are made available for public review and may become American national standards after review by the American National Standards Institute. The first American national standard for electronic and automated sphygmomanometers was published in monograph form in 1987. The objective of the revised 1992 standard for electronic and automated sphygmomanometers is to provide updated labeling, safety, and performance requirements that help ensure that consumers and health care professionals are supplied with safe, accurate devices for the indirect measurement of blood pressure, including ambulatory blood pressure recorders. This standard permits validation of the automatic or electronic device by comparison with either direct, intra-arterial blood pressure measurements or the noninvasive cuff/ stethoscope technique, based on Korotkoff sounds identified by individuals trained in auscultation. This summary report of the 1992 American national standard for automatic sphygmomanometers provides recommendations for the methods of comparison, statistical analysis of the data, presentation of the results, and criteria for acceptability. Users, researchers, and instrument designers should refer to the American national standard monograph for detailed requirements.
Efeitos de uma pré temporada em parâmetros anaeróbios e comparação de parâmetros aeróbios e anaeróbios de futebolistas de diferentes categorias

The present study investigated vertical jump and wingate test (TW) performance of soccer players in the beginning of season and after 7 weeks of training. Thirteen professional second division soccer players from the Paulista championship were tested on the beginning of the pre-season (T1) and after seven weeks (T2) of training. The players were submitted to vertical jump tests: squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive force index (IFR=CMJ-SJ) and TW, peak power (PP), mean power (PM) and fatigue index (IF). After TW, 25 μl blood was collected from the earlobe on the 7o, 9o and 11o minute to determine the highest blood lactate concentration ([Lac]). Comparison between variables was performed by Students’ t test for dependent sample, with a significance level of 5%. Were found significant improvements on SJ (T1= 32,76 ± 3,88; T2= 38,03 ± 5,49), CMJ (T1= 37,76 ± 4,88; T2= 40,86 ± 5,62), PP (T1= 10,97 ± 0,90; T2= 12,32 ± 1,12) e PM (T1= 8,34 ± 0,82; T2= 9,78 ± 0,99), respectively. Nevertheless, IF and [Lac] changes were not statistically significant, while IFR decrease significantly (p<0.05) after the training We conclude that a seven weeks period of soccer specific training was sufficient to show positive improvements in TW performance (PM e PP) and neuromuscular variables (SJ and CMJ). Nevertheless, shown decrements on stretch-shortening cycle capacity of soccer players
A non-linear model of limit order book dynamics

This paper introduces a prototype model in an attempt to capture some aspects of limit order book dynamics simulating market trading mechanisms. We start with a discrete time/space Markov process and then perform a re-scaling procedure leading to a deterministic dynamical system controlled by non-linear ODEs. This allows us to introduce approximants for the equilibrium distribution of the model represented by fixed points of deterministic dynamics.
Bevacizumab (BVZ)‐associated toxicities in children with recurrent central nervous system tumors treated with BVZ and irinotecan (CPT‐11)

The incidence and spectrum of acute toxicities related to the use of bevacizumab (BVZ)‐containing regimens in children are largely unknown. This report describes the adverse events in a recently completed large phase 2 trial of BVZ plus irinotecan (CPT‐11) in children with recurrent central nervous system tumors.
Prognostic significance of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 and p27kip1 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: effects of rituximab.

BACKGROUND The F-box protein S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) positively regulates the G1-S transition by promoting degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) (p27). Recent evidence has indicated an oncogenic role of Skp2 in not only carcinogenesis but also lymphomagenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expression of Skp2 and p27 were studied retrospectively in 671 patients treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone (CHOP) or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone plus rituximab (R-CHOP). The median follow-up periods were 43.2 months in the CHOP group (n = 425) and 24.0 months in the R-CHOP group (n = 246). RESULTS High Skp2 or low p27 expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (P < 0.001) in both treatment groups. The prognostic value of Skp2 or p27 expression was independent of the parameters included in the International Prognostic Index by multivariate analysis. Patients with high Skp2 expression in combination with low p27 expression showed the worst survival. CONCLUSIONS Addition of rituximab to the CHOP regimen did not provide a beneficial outcome to patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with high Skp2 expression and low p27 expression. Skp2 and p27 may be useful prognostic markers in the rituximab era.
A Life Cycle Model of Virtual Communities

The importance of virtual communities is well established in Information Systems (IS) research. A significant number of studies on this topic have focused on investigating motivators and inhibitors of members' participation. However, virtual communities are not static, but dynamically evolve, and often 'die' to be replaced by other virtual communities. To date, there is very little research that investigates the life cycle of virtual communities. The goal of this research is to identify influences that could explain this phenomenon. We summarize our insights in the form of a conceptual model.
Native and Christian: Indigenous Voices on Religious Identity in the United States and Canada

I Spirituality and History 1. Indian Spirituality: Another Vision 2. Who Can Sit At the Lord's Table? The Experience of Indigenous Peoples 3. An Aboriginal Christian Perspective on the Integrity of Creation 4. Rivers of Life: Native Spirituality for Native Churches 5. The Old Testament of Native America II Liberation and Culture 6. Reclaiming our Histories 7. Canaanites, Cowboys, and Indians: Deliverance, Conquest, and Liberation Theology Today 8. Vision and Community: A Native American Voice 9. Spirituality, Native American Personhood, Sovereignty, and Solidarity 10. Native Americans and Evangelization III Tradition and Community 11. Remember the Sabbath Day 12. The Challenge of the Future: Creating a Place Called Home 13. Program Development and Native American Catechesis 14. The Sacred Circle: Native American Liturgy 15. The Meeting of the Two Ways 16. The Native American Church of Jesus Christ IV Transformation and Survival 17. The Story and Faith Journey of a Native Catechist 18. Returning 19. Plucked from the Ashes 20. Two Paths 21. The Native Church: A Search for an Authentic Spirituality
The role of food limitation in lobster population dynamics in coastal Maine, United States, and New Brunswick, Canada

Abstract Lobster (Homarus americanus) landings in Maine, United States have increased steadily over the past two decades to levels that are consistently more than triple the 40‐year (1950 to 1990) annual average of c. 9000 MT. Meanwhile, the use of herring (Clupea harengus) as bait has increased fourfold since the 1970s, and is currently subsidising lobster productivity in mid‐coast Maine by augmenting the diet and growth of large juvenile and young adult lobsters before they recruit to the fishery. We investigated whether herring bait in the eastern portions of the Gulf of Maine is also subsidising these lobster populations. In 2004, we compared stomach contents, tissue production via stable isotope ratios, and growth rates of lobsters from seasonally open (Cutler, Maine, United States) and closed (Dipper Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada) fishing areas in the spring, summer, and autumn. Contrary to previous results in mid‐coast Maine, lobsters from seasonally closed sites at Dipper Harbour outgrew those from fished sites around Cutler. Yet examination of the diet of lobsters revealed several differences between open and closed sites that did not exist at sites in mid‐coast Maine. For instance, lobsters at Dipper Harbour consumed markedly more bivalves than those at Cutler. Furthermore, quantification of trap densities and the number of licensed fishers in mid‐coast versus eastern Maine determined that fishing effort was greatly reduced in eastern Maine. Thus, our results indicate thatherring bait subsidies are not important in eastern portions of the Gulf of Maine, but the availability of natural prey seemingly limits the growth of lobsters in eastern Maine. Moreover, our study suggests that bottom‐up forcing (i.e., food limitation) can have important consequences for lobster population dynamics and the productivity of lobster fisheries.
Formal verification of object layout for c++ multiple inheritance

Object layout - the concrete in-memory representation of objects - raises many delicate issues in the case of the C++ language, owing in particular to multiple inheritance, C compatibility and separate compilation. This paper formalizes a family of C++ object layout schemes and mechanically proves their correctness against the operational semantics for multiple inheritance of Wasserrab et al. This formalization is flexible enough to account for space-saving techniques such as empty base class optimization and tail-padding optimization. As an application, we obtain the first formal correctness proofs for realistic, optimized object layout algorithms, including one based on the popular "common vendor" Itanium C++ application binary interface. This work provides semantic foundations to discover and justify new layout optimizations; it is also a first step towards the verification of a C++ compiler front-end.