Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prospective study on endoscopic ultrasonography criteria to guide management in upper GI submucosal tumors.

UNLABELLED Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can differentiate between impression and submucosal tumor (SMT) but it is not known whether EUS criteria can reliably guide management. The aim of this prospective study was to assess an approach to recommend removal versus follow-up investigation based on clinical and EUS criteria, with respect to the predictive values to recognize malignancy versus benign lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Over a 7-years time period, all patients referred for the EUS assessment of submucosal upper GI lesions were prospectively enrolled. Extraluminal impressions diagnosed with EUS were not further considered. If submucosal tumors seen with EUS were clearly symptomatic or one of several parameters (tumor size >3 cm, irregular margins, inhomogeneous echotexture and/or enlarged lymph nodes) were found, resection was recommended. The remaining cases were subjected to EUS follow-up. RESULTS Of cases with 241 submucosal lesions, 65 had impressions and 176 had true submucosal lesions. Of the latter, 29 cases had non-neoplastic lesions (cysts, varices). In 59 cases, removal was deemed necessary due to clinical symptoms and suspicious findings in conventional endoscopy. These subjects underwent either surgical (originating layer, muscularis propria) or endoscopic resection (submucosal origin): 35.6% were malignant, more frequently in the surgical group (41.6% vs 20%). However, in 52.5% (n=31) of the 59 cases with no severe symptoms and true SMT, EUS suggested removal because of their additional criteria. Eighteen patients (12.2%) refused SMT removal and even regular EUS-based follow-up investigation. Clinical follow-up investigation by the family practitioner did not show frank malignancy in these cases (retransferal not registered). Follow-up investigation with EUS was recommended in 70 cases (mean follow-up period, 5 years; range, 1-7 years). The pattern remained unchanged in 67/70, and 2 of the 3 cases with changes underwent surgery for benign leiomyoma (patient refusal, n=1 with no change in the one-year follow-up MRI). CONCLUSIONS An EUS strategy based on defined characteristics to remove SMT with no severe symptoms and suspicious finding in the conventional endoscopy shows a good adherence to the recommended approach and has a reasonable positive predictive value for malignancy (88%). Clinical symptoms alone or with endoscopic finding are frequently too vague to decide for a reasonable SMT resection. The chosen EUS criteria are valuable to: 1) achieve the primary resection of all potentially malignant SMT and 2) avoid to overlook them as shown by the results of the follow-up investigations with no detected malignant lesion.
Working multimodally: Challenges for assessment

This article explores the emergence of multimodality as intrinsic to the learning, teaching and assessment of English in the Twenty-First Century. With subject traditions tied to the study of language, literature and media, multimodal texts and new technologies are now accorded overdue recognition in English curriculum documents in several countries, though assessment tends to remain largely print-centric. Until assessment modes and practices align with the nature of multimodal text production, their value as sites for inquiry in classroom practice will not be assured. The article takes up the question: What is involved in assessing the multimodal texts that students create? In exploring this question, we first consider central concepts of multimodality and what is involved in "working multimodally" to create a multimodal text. Here, "transmodal operation" and "staged multimodality" are considered as central concepts to "working multimodally". Further, we suggest that these concepts challenge current understandings of the purposes of, and possibilities for, assessment of multimodal text production.
On the efficient decoding of algebraic-geometric codes

This talk is intended to give a survey on the existing literature on the decoding of algebraic-geometric codes. Although the motivation originally was to find an efficient decoding algorithm for algebraic-geometric codes, the latest results give algorithms which can be explained purely in terms of linear algebra. We will treat the following subjects: 1. The decoding problem 2. Decoding by error location 3. Decoding by error location of algebraic-geometric codes 4. Majority coset decoding 5. Decoding algebraic-geometric codes by solving the key equation 6. Improvements of the complexity ∗Department of Mathematics and Computing Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Adding context to multi-touch region selections

As applications that originated on desktop computers find their way onto new multi-touch enabled devices many interaction tasks that were designed for keyboards and computer mice spread to new touch-based environments. One example is the selection of regions, for instance in image editing applications. While there are already several studies involving multi-touch object selections, region selections have not been closely examined. Instead of using traditional mouse-based interaction schemes we propose a multi-touch selection technique that better suits touch-based devices. Based on this technique we propose a novel way to take advantage of multiple touches to easily extend, modify and refine selections based on the order and relative position---the context---of touches.
Authors: Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 Quality of Life Abstract

Bach JR, Vega J, Majors J, Friedman A: Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 quality of life. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:137–142. Objective: To compare healthcare professionals’ assessment of the quality of life of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children with that of the care providers for the children. Design: The care providers of all 53 surviving spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children managed in one neuromuscular disease clinic were sent Likertscale surveys of six quality of life issues and ten polar-adjective pairs. The quality of life estimations were compared with those of 67 clinicians and with those of 30 parents considering their unaffected children. Results: One hundred care providers from 46 out of the 53 families (87%) responded. Although the clinicians’ mean estimate of the children’s quality of life was 2.85 0.2/10, the care providers’ estimate was 7.81 0.2/10 (P 0.0001). The care providers also found life with the children to be satisfying (6.0 0.2/7), interesting (6.6 0.1/7), friendly (6.1 0.1/7), enjoyable (6.3 0.1/7), worthwhile (6.7 0.1/7), full (6.6 0.1/7), hopeful (5.9 0.2/7), and rewarding (6.4 0.1/7), and they estimated the children to be happy (8.5 0.2/10) and their lives worth living (9.6 0.1/10). However, 69 of 104 felt that their lives were hard rather than easy, and 56 of 104 reported feeling tied down rather than free. Although the effort they felt for raising the child was high (8.3 0.3 by comparison with 5 for an unaffected child), the burden they felt in doing so was not (5.8 0.3/5). When asked whether they would or would not recommend ventilator use, 31 clinicians (45.5%) indicated they would, 24 (36.4%) would not, and 12 (18.2%) chose not to respond to this question. Care provider responses did not differ significantly from the responses of the parents of unaffected children except for the easy/hard semantic differential (care providers, 3.80 1.75 vs. controls, 5.27 1.14, P 0.001). Conclusions: Although there is a widespread perception that spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children have a poor quality of life, this perception is not shared by their care providers.
Vehicular Link Performance: From Real-World Experiments to Reliability Models and Performance Analysis

The enormous potential of cooperative vehicular systems to improve traffic safety and efficiency by wirelessly exchanging information among vehicles, as well as between vehicles and infrastructure, has been a research focus since the early 1990s. Significant evolution of this technology has prompted standardization bodies and automotive industry stakeholders worldwide to pay particular attention to its deployment and development, for which a deep understanding of the influence of every component and parameter is required.
The Commodity Terms of Trade, Unit Roots, and Nonlinear Alternatives: A Smooth Transition Approach

This article extends the recent literature on the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis of a long-run decline in the relative prices of primary commodities. Our main innovation is testing for and estimating nonlinear alternatives to a secular deterioration. Specifically, we use bootstrap procedures to test the linear unit root model against models belonging to the family of smooth transition autoregressions (STARs) for twenty-four commodities, 1900–2003. In nineteen cases we reject the linear null at usual significance levels. In sixteen cases we are able to successfully fit STAR-type models. Simulation results show there is little support for the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
The Remark on Discriminants of K3 Surfaces Moduli as Sets of Zeros of Automorphic Forms

We show that for any $N>0$ there exists a natural even $n>N$ such that the discriminant of moduli of K3 surfaces of the degree $n$ is not equal to the set of zeros of any automorphic form on the corresponding IV type domain. We give the necessary condition on a "condition $S\subset L_{K3}$ on Picard lattice of K3'' for the corresponding moduli $\M_{S\subset L_{K3}}$ of K3 to have the discriminant which is equal to the set of zeros of an automorphic form. We conjecture that the set of $S\subset L_{K3}$ satisfying this necessary condition is finite if $\rk S \le 17$. We consider this finiteness conjecture as "mirror symmetric'' to the known finiteness results for arithmetic reflection groups in hyperbolic spaces and as important for the theory of Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras and the related theory of automorphic forms.
Threat analysis model of an agent-based vulnerability mitigation mechanism using Bayesian Belief Networks

In this paper we propose a threat analysis model based on Bayesian Belief Networks to analyze and quantify threats towards an Agent-Based Host Enumeration and Vulnerability Scanning Mechanism. Based on several threat scenarios, the model also determines the risks posed towards the mechanism's duty of assessment within the enterprise network. The model construct threats scenarios based on sequenced structure and also forms a multi-scenario threat BBN, where malicious behaviors are interdependent and threat performance aspects are adjusted using network and mechanism specific parameters. Based on predetermined event probabilities within these interdependent structures, threat scenarios likelihoods and risks are driven.
Research of the Thruster Fault Diagnosis for Open-frame Underwater Vehicles

This paper introduces a novel fault diagnosis system of thruster for open-frame underwater vehicles (UV). Basically, the fault diagnosis system is a control allocator, but this primary function is enhanced with the ability of automatic thruster fault detection and diagnosis. The proposed fault diagnosis system consists of two subsystems: a underwater vehicle motion condition monitoring subsystem and a thruster fault detection subsystem. The motion condition monitoring subsystem analyses the output residuals of UVs motion model which is constructed with an improved Elman neural network and the real state value, to monitor its motion condition. The thruster fault detection subsystem uses fault detector units associated with each thruster, to monitor their conditions. Robust and reliable fault detection units are based on RBF neural network and fault conditions classifying methods. Fusion fault diagnosis unit integrates information provided by the two subsystems to locate and identify thruster fault. Results of the actual experiment show that the proposed fault diagnosis system is effective and feasible
A Direct Comparison of the Single-Channel Properties of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors

The assumption that synaptic and extrasynaptic glutamate receptors are similar underpins many studies that have sought to relate the behavior of channels in excised patches to the macroscopic properties of the EPSC. We have examined this issue for NMDA receptors in cerebellar granule cells, the small size of which allows the opening of individual synaptic NMDA channels to be resolved directly. We have used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to determine the conductance and open time of NMDA channels activated during the EPSC and used cell-attached and outside-out recordings to examine NMDA receptors in somatic membrane. Conductance and open time of synaptic channels were indistinguishable from those of extrasynaptic channels in cell-attached patches. However, the channel conductance in outside-out patches was 20% lower than in cell-attached recordings. This change was partially reduced by dantrolene and phalloidin, suggesting that it may involve depolymerization of actin following Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. Our results demonstrate that synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors have similar microscopic properties. However, NMDA channel conductance is reduced following the formation of an outside-out patch.
From MIMO-OFDM Algorithms to a Real-Time Wireless Prototype: A Systematic Matlab-to-Hardware Design Flow

To assess the performance of forthcoming 4th generation wireless local area networks, the algorithmic functionality is usually modelled using a high-level mathematical software package, for instance, Matlab. In order to validate the modelling assumptions against the real physical world, the high-level functional model needs to be translated into a prototype. A systematic system design methodology proves very valuable, since it avoids, or, at least reduces, numerous design iterations. In this paper, we propose a novel Matlab-to-hardware design flow, which allows to map the algorithmic functionality onto the target prototyping platform in a systematic and reproducible way. The proposed design flow is partly manual and partly tool assisted. It is shown that the proposed design flow allows to use the same testbench throughout the whole design flow and avoids time-consuming and error-prone intermediate translation steps.
Multiple Context-Free Grammars

Multiple context-free grammar (MCFG) is a weakly context-sensitive grammar formalism that deals with tuples of strings. An MCFG is called m-MCFG if all tuples have at most m components. In this summary I will outline that the expressivity of m-MCFG’s increases with the parameter m and that the class of tree-adjoining languages is properly included in the class of 2-multiple context-free languages. In addition, I will give a brief overview over the parsing complexity of m-MCFG’s.
FOR EFFECTIVE NETWORK CENTRIC OPERATIONS

The US military is undertaking an unprecedented transformation as a result of its adoption of a network centric operational philosophy. This transformation maximizes the military’s reliance upon data superiority and decision superiority, but we have yet to develop the doctrine, systems, and data insights needed to fully exploit the physical capabilities for communication being developed. To redress the problem of translating human formulated policies into machine-actionable policies that maximize the use of network and computational resources, we must understand how to translate doctrine and policy into network and computational management policies. These network and computational management policies address implementation of network-centric operational needs and, these network and computational management policies are the only mechanisms available to commanders for insuring that the right data reaches the right user at the right time. The research that we report addresses the policy issues highlighted above and is intended begin the process of uncovering the requirements for network and data policy, exploring the effects of decision-making data demands on network and data policies, and examining the effect of network and data policy on the efficiency of network-enabled operations.
ec 2 00 5 On Weakly Bounded Empirical Processes

where F is a class of functions on a probability space (Ω, μ), f ∈ F and (Xi) k i=1 are independent random variables distributed according to μ. Let μk denote the random empirical measure k −1∑k i=1 δXi , and for a class F we denote the supremum of the empirical process indexed by F by ‖μk − μ‖F . Often, one would like to bound this supremum using geometric properties ∗Centre for Mathematics and its Applications, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, and Department of Mathematics, Technion, I.I. T, Haifa 32000, Israel. email: shahar.mendelson@anu.edu. au
Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of the arabinogalactan protein gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) comprise a family of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins that are implicated in plant growth and development. In this study, 69 AGPs are identified from the rice genome, including 13 classical AGPs, 15 arabinogalactan (AG) peptides, three non-classical AGPs, three early nodulin-like AGPs (eNod-like AGPs), eight non-specific lipid transfer protein-like AGPs (nsLTP-like AGPs), and 27 fasciclin-like AGPs (FLAs). The results from expressed sequence tags, microarrays, and massively parallel signature sequencing tags are used to analyse the expression of AGP-encoding genes, which is confirmed by real-time PCR. The results reveal that several rice AGP-encoding genes are predominantly expressed in anthers and display differential expression patterns in response to abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and abiotic stresses. Based on the results obtained from this analysis, an attempt has been made to link the protein structures and expression patterns of rice AGP-encoding genes to their functions. Taken together, the genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the rice AGP gene family might facilitate further functional studies of rice AGPs.
P-Glycoprotein-Activity Measurements in Multidrug Resistant Cell Lines: Single-Cell versus Single-Well Population Fluorescence Methods

Background. P-gp expression has been linked to the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs in human cancers leading to multidrug resistance. Fluorescence techniques have been widely applied to measure the P-gp activity. In this paper, there is a comparison between the advantages of two fluorescence approaches of commonly available and affordable instruments: the microplate reader (MPR) and the flow cytometer to detect the P-gp efflux activity using calcein-AM. Results. The selectivity, sensibility, and reproducibility of the two methods have been defined. Our results showed that the MPR is more powerful for the detection of small inhibition, whereas the flow cytometry method is more reliable at higher concentrations of the inhibitors. We showed that to determine precisely the inhibition efficacy the flow cytometry is better; hence, to get the correct E max and EC50 values, we cannot only rely on the MPR. Conclusion. Both techniques can potentially be used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry for high-throughput drug screening and in biology laboratories for academic research, monitoring the P-gp efflux in specific assays.
Effect of Beta Blockers and Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors on Survival in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

AbstractBecause it remains uncertain whether &bgr;-blockers (BBs) and/or renin–angiotensin system inhibitors benefit a broad population of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of these drugs in improving survival for post-AMI patients who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). From the nationwide data of the South Korea National Health Insurance, 33,390 patients with a diagnosis of AMI who underwent a PCI between 2009 and 2013 and survived at least 30 days were included in this study. We evaluated the risk of all-cause death for patients treated with both BB and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB) (n = 16,280), only BB (n = 3683), and only ACEI/ARB (n = 9849), with the drug-untreated patients (n = 3578) as the reference.Over a median follow-up of 2.4 years, although treated patients displayed a trend toward improved survival, there were no significant differences in the adjusted risk of all-cause death when patients were treated with both drugs (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.06, P = 0.154), BB (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.68–1.14, P = 0.325), or ACEI/ARB (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.68–1.04, P = 0.111). No additional benefit was found for the combination therapy compared with either isolated BB (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80–1.21, P = 0.856) or ACEI/ARB (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.89–1.19, P = 0.727) therapy.Treatment with BB and/or ACEI/ARB has limited effect on survival in unselected nonfatal AMI patients who undergo PCI.
A Study on Verification and Analysis of Symbol Tables for Development of the C++ Compiler

The existing C++ compilers are designed to translate C++ source programs into target codes and then execute them. This translation method is that a compiler that translates C++ source programs to target codes has to be available for each platform. Reusability and portability of codes will also decrease because target codes have to be different for each platform they are run under. For that reason, much research is taking place in various fields in an effort to develop a retargetable compiler and a virtual machine that execute application programs without recompiling or modifying them though processor or operating systems are changed. We have developed the C++ compiler for the SVM(Smart Virtual Machine) of the smart platform on smart systems. As a part of the C++ compiler development, we designed the symbol table that can support object-oriented languages, C++ and java. The symbol table is a data structure to keep track of scope and binding information about names (or identifiers). Various information is entered into the symbol table after visiting and analyzing the abstract syntax tree generated by syntax-directed translation, and then is used to check whether the use of names is consistent with their definition during the semantic analysis phase and generate a valid code during the code generation phase. In this paper, we describe the reconstruction technique for verifying and analyzing the symbol table designed for the C++ compiler. This system reconstructs inputted C++ declarations by using information of the symbol table entered in the declaration process phase of the C++ compiler, and therefore we can verify completeness of symbol table design and correctness of information entered in the symbol table. In addition, this system also produces debug information, and so is effectively utilized for the development of the C++ compiler.
LA JUSTICE DANS LES RELATIONS CLIENT-FOURNISSEUR ANALYSE THÉORIQUE ET PROPOSITION DE MESURES

L'objectif de notre contribution theorique est double: (1) tracer l'evolution du concept de justice depuis les premiers developpements theoriques en philosophie politique et, (2) proposer des mesures appropriees a utiliser dans le contexte specifique des relations clients-fournisseurs.