Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and histologic results related to a low-modulus composite total hip replacement stem.

BACKGROUND Osteolysis secondary to stress shielding in patients with a total hip arthroplasty has been attributed to greater stiffness of the prosthetic femoral stem compared with the stiffness of the femur. This concern led to the development of a composite femoral stem implant with a structural stiffness similar to that of the native femur. The stem consists of a cobalt-chromium-alloy core surrounded by polyaryletherketone and titanium mesh for bone ingrowth. The purpose of this study was to determine the intermediate-term clinical, radiographic, and histologic results of the use of this stem. METHODS Twenty-eight patients (nineteen men and nine women) with an average age of 51.3 years underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with the Epoch stem and were followed for an average of 6.2 years. Harris hip scores were determined and radiographic studies were performed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at two-year intervals thereafter. In addition, dual x-ray absorptiometry scans were made up to two years postoperatively to evaluate osseous resorption. Two femora obtained at autopsy thirteen and forty-eight months after surgery were analyzed for bone ingrowth and ongrowth. RESULTS The Harris hip scores averaged 56 points preoperatively and improved to 97 points at the time of the last follow-up. Dual x-ray absorptiometry scans demonstrated the greatest decrease in mean bone density (27.5%) in Gruen zone 7 at two years. Radiographs demonstrated no instances of migration, and only one hip had osteolysis. All stems had stable osseous fixation. Histologic evaluation of the two femora that had been retrieved at autopsy at thirteen and forty-eight months showed the mean bone ingrowth (and standard deviation) along the entire length of the stem to be 49.62% +/- 13.04% and 73.57% +/- 8.48%, respectively, and the mean bone ongrowth to be 54.18% +/- 7.68% and 80.92% +/- 6.06%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intermediate-term follow-up of hips treated with the Epoch stem indicated excellent clinical success, radiographic evidence of osseous integration, and histologic findings of osseous ingrowth and ongrowth. Although the implant has been associated with excellent results in both the short and the intermediate term, longer follow-up will be necessary to assess the long-term function of the implant.
Ultrastable Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Photodetectors with Imaging Capability

Recently, the halide perovskites have increasingly received attention because of their superior capabilities in photodetector applications. However, the well‐known instability and lead‐toxicity are two major obstacles for their commercialization and practical applications. In this work, self‐powered photodetectors based on solution‐processed double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 films are fabricated for the first time. Owing to the high material integrity of Cs2AgBiBr6 and efficient interfacial charge transfer from perovskite to the underlying electron‐quenching layer, the photodetector demonstrates excellent performances. Especially, the unencapsulated device demonstrates a good working stability in the open air. Typically it has the ability to endure a high temperature of 373 K for 10 h continuous running, demonstrating a good temperature resistance. In addition, after 3‐month storage in open air, the photodetection capability of the device can almost be maintained. By deploying the photodetector as a point‐like sensing pixel, high‐resolution imaging patterns are acquired, which is the first report on imaging applications of lead‐free perovskite photodetectors. The obtained results suggest that the lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 is potentially an attractive candidate to be applied in high‐efficiency and stable photodetectors that can be employed in optical imaging.
The Biochemistry of Affective Disorders

The title of this review would be regarded by some psychiatrists as provocative; they would relegate the biochemical concomitants of depression and mania to a secondary position and deny that biochemical changes have any place in the aetiology of these conditions. However, in my view, the weight of evidence, although it is by no means conclusive, suggests that biochemical changes are most important in the aetiology of affective disorders. A biochemical aetiology implies that there are certain biochemical changes in the brain which need to be restored to normal before the patient's clinical condition will improve. This does not deny that psychological and environmental events may precipitate and maintain the biochemical events which in turn lead to the affective disorder. The study of these biochemical events is clearly at too early a stage for speculations about the interrelationship between environmental and endogenous elements to be fruitful; this study must wait until the biochemical aetiology is clearer than at present.
Adherence to lipid-lowering therapy and the use of preventive health services: an investigation of the healthy user effect.

Patients who adhere to preventive therapies may be more likely to engage in a broad spectrum of behaviors consistent with a healthy lifestyle. Because many of these behaviors cannot be measured easily, observational studies of outcomes associated with the long-term use of preventive therapies are subject to the so-called "healthy user bias. " To better understand this effect, the authors examined the association between adherence to statin therapy and the use of preventive health services in a Pennsylvania cohort of 20,783 new users of statins between 1996 and 2004. After adjustment for age, gender, and various comorbid conditions, patients who filled two or more prescriptions for a statin during a 1-year ascertainment period were more likely than patients who filled only one prescription to receive prostate-specific antigen tests (hazard ratio (HR)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.19), fecal occult blood tests (HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.53), screening mammograms (HR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.38), influenza vaccinations (HR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.31), and pneumococcal vaccinations (HR=1.46, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.83) during follow-up. These results suggest that patients who adhere to chronic therapies are more likely to seek out preventive health services, such as screening tests and vaccinations. Further work is needed to identify study design and analysis methods that can be used to minimize the healthy user bias in studies of preventive therapies.
Visualizing the Invisible Image of Cities

With the recent advances in technology, we have the opportunity to study the city dynamics at a large scale. A fundamental step is to be able to sense extensive areas. Participatory sensor networks have the potential to become a very fundamental tool to study social behavior at a large scale. Currently, there are some location sharing services, such as Foursquare, that record the user's location along the time, which is clearly one of dimensions in the city dynamics. In this work, we propose a technique called city image and show its applicability taking as examples eight different cities. The resulting image is a way of summarizing the city dynamics based on transition graphs, which map the movements of individuals in a PSN. This technique is a promising way to better understand the city dynamics, helping us to visualize the invisible images of cities.
Glove: A Bespoke Website Fingerprinting Defense

Website fingerprinting attacks have recently emerged as a serious threat against web browsing privacy mechanisms, such as SSL, Tor, and encrypting tunnels. Researchers have proposed numerous attacks and defenses, and the Tor project currently includes both network- and browser-level defenses against these attacks, but published defenses have high overhead, poor security, or both. In this paper we present preliminary results of {Glove}, a new SSH based defense. Glove is based on the observation that current defenses are expensive not because website traces are different, but because the defense, operating blindly, does not know how to add cover traffic and therefore, puts it everywhere. Instead, Glove uses existing knowledge of a websites traces to add cover traffic conservatively while maintaining high levels of security. Further, Glove satisfies the information theoretic definitions of security defined in prior work -- i.e., it is resistant to any fingerprinting adversary. Our simulations show that Glove performs better than all currently proposed SSH based defenses in terms of the security-overhead trade-off.
Query dependent multiview features fusion for effective medical image retrieval

Multiple features have been employed for content-based medical image retrieval. To reduce curse of dimensionality, subspace learning techniques have been applied to learn a low-dimensional subspace from multiple features. Most of the existing methods have two drawbacks: first, they ignore the fact that multiple features have complementary properties, and thus have different contributions to construct the final subspace; second, they construct the optimal subspace without considering user's query preference, i.e., for a same query example, different users want different query results. In this paper, we propose a new method termed Query Dependent Multiview Features Fusion (QDMFF) for content-based medical image retrieval. Inspired by ideas of multiview subspace learning and relevance feedback, QDMFF iteratively learns an optimal subspace by fusing multiple features obtained from user feedback examples. The method operates in the following four stages: first, in local patch construction, local patch is constructed for each feedback example in different feature space; second, in patches combination, all patches within different feature spaces are assigned different weights and unified as a whole one; third, in linear approximation, the projection between original high dimensional feature spaces and the final low-dimensional subspace is approximated by a linear projection; finally, in alternating optimization, the alternating optimization trick is utilized to solve the optimal subspace. Experimental results on IRMA medical image data set demonstrate the effectiveness of QDMFF.
Remarks on the Value of Stereoscopic Photography and Skiagraphy: Records of Clinical and Pathological Appearances

fragments, and which, if left, would effectually prevent osseous union taking place between the fragments. 3. The dangers inseparable from punctured wounds of the deeper structures of the joint being made in passing a sharppointed curved needle between the condyles and the articular surface of the patella. 4. The undoubted danger that must attend leaving a foreign body permanently in the interior of the knee-joint. I see no reason to deviate from the original suggestion of making a vertical incision in preference to making a flap. It is the simplest method, and, as Professor Annandale has recently urged, sin4plicity is what we should aim at in all our operative measures. It has also been stated that in drilling the bones for the introduction of the sutures the bone fragments are apt to split. But when such a calamity occurs it must, I think, be due to the employment of a faulty instrument or to a want of ordinary dexterity on the part of the operator. A bayonetpointed drill should be employed. Although I can only speak from an experience of the operation based on five cases, I may say that in none of them have I seen this mishap occur. In future I purpose using a drill worked by an electro-motor, which I have recently employed with very satisfactory results in suturing the bones in a case of resection of the knee. By the employment of this method of drilling and suturing it is hard to see how splitting could occur, as the drill passes through the bone so smoothly, swiftly, and easily. The circumferential patellary suture, whether carried out by a subcutaneous or an open method, appears to me to be open to the objection of probably interfering by pressure with the nutrition of the bone. The external circumferential pressure, such as is used in Lonsdale's apparatus, undoubtedly acts injuriously in that way.
Metabolic Gene Remodeling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Failing Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Secondary to Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background— Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (RVD) is the most frequent cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although abnormal energy substrate use has been implicated in the development of chronic left heart failure, data describing such metabolic remodeling in RVD remain incomplete. Thus, we sought to characterize metabolic gene expression changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in functional and dysfunctional RV hypertrophy. Methods and Results— Two different rat models of RV hypertrophy were studied. The model of RVD (SU5416/hypoxia) exhibited a significantly decreased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; coactivator-1&agr;, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&agr; and estrogen-related receptor-&agr;. The expression of multiple peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; coactivator-1&agr; target genes required for fatty acid oxidation was similarly decreased. Decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; coactivator-1&agr; expression was also associated with a net loss of mitochondrial protein and oxidative capacity. Reduced mitochondrial number was associated with a downregulation of transcription factor A, mitochondrial, and other genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis. Electron microscopy demonstrated that, in RVD tissue, mitochondria had abnormal shape and size. Lastly, respirometric analysis demonstrated that mitochondria isolated from RVD tissue had a significantly reduced ADP-stimulated (state 3) rate for complex I. Conversely, functional RV hypertrophy in the pulmonary artery banding model showed normal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-&ggr; coactivator-1&agr;, whereas the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes was either preserved or unregulated. Moreover, pulmonary artery banding-RV tissue exhibited preserved transcription factor A mitochondrial expression and mitochondrial respiration despite elevated RV pressure-overload. Conclusions— Right ventricular dysfunction, but not functional RV hypertrophy in rats, demonstrates a gene expression profile compatible with a multilevel impairment of fatty acid metabolism and significant mitochondrial dysfunction, partially independent of chronic pressure-overload.
STAT3 Activation in Skeletal Muscle Links Muscle Wasting and the Acute Phase Response in Cancer Cachexia

Background Cachexia, or weight loss despite adequate nutrition, significantly impairs quality of life and response to therapy in cancer patients. In cancer patients, skeletal muscle wasting, weight loss and mortality are all positively associated with increased serum cytokines, particularly Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the presence of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins, including fibrinogen and serum amyloid A (SAA) are synthesized by hepatocytes in response to IL-6 as part of the innate immune response. To gain insight into the relationships among these observations, we studied mice with moderate and severe Colon-26 (C26)-carcinoma cachexia. Methodology/Principal Findings Moderate and severe C26 cachexia was associated with high serum IL-6 and IL-6 family cytokines and highly similar patterns of skeletal muscle gene expression. The top canonical pathways up-regulated in both were the complement/coagulation cascade, proteasome, MAPK signaling, and the IL-6 and STAT3 pathways. Cachexia was associated with increased muscle pY705-STAT3 and increased STAT3 localization in myonuclei. STAT3 target genes, including SOCS3 mRNA and acute phase response proteins, were highly induced in cachectic muscle. IL-6 treatment and STAT3 activation both also induced fibrinogen in cultured C2C12 myotubes. Quantitation of muscle versus liver fibrinogen and SAA protein levels indicates that muscle contributes a large fraction of serum acute phase proteins in cancer. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that the STAT3 transcriptome is a major mechanism for wasting in cancer. Through IL-6/STAT3 activation, skeletal muscle is induced to synthesize acute phase proteins, thus establishing a molecular link between the observations of high IL-6, increased acute phase response proteins and muscle wasting in cancer. These results suggest a mechanism by which STAT3 might causally influence muscle wasting by altering the profile of genes expressed and translated in muscle such that amino acids liberated by increased proteolysis in cachexia are synthesized into acute phase proteins and exported into the blood.
Endocrine and Metabolic Dysfunction During Aging and Senescence Leucine-rich repeat kinase-1 regulates osteoclast function by modulating RAC 1 / Cdc 42 Small GTPase phosphorylation and activation

Canjun Zeng,* Helen Goodluck,* Xuezhong Qin, Bo Liu, Subburaman Mohan, and Weirong Xing Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital Of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hosptial, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
A Study on the Correspondence between FCA and ELI Ontologies

The description logic EL has been used to support ontology design in various domains, and especially in biology and medecine. EL is known for its efficient reasoning and query answering capabilities. By contrast, ontology design and query answering can be supported and guided within an FCA framework. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a formal transformation of ELI (an extension of EL with inverse roles) ontologies into an FCA framework, i.e. KELI, and we provide a formal characterization of this transformation. Then we show that SPARQL query answering over ELI ontologies can be reduced to lattice query answering over KELI concept lattices. This simplifies the query answering task and shows that some basic semantic web tasks can be improved when considered from an FCA perspective.
Doping single-layer graphene with aromatic molecules.

Recently discovered single-layer graphene (SLG) has attracted great attention not only because this perfect 2-dimensional carbon crystalline structure enables unprecedented explorations of fundamental physics but also because of its exciting potentials in the post-silicon nanoeletronics 1-6 . As the electrical properties of SLG films are very sensitive to the local perturbations such as from surface charges 7-9 and adsorbed gas molecules 6 , it is plausible that the electronic structures, hence the performance, of SLG may be tailored by molecular doping on its surface. Herein, we demonstrated that the electronic structures of SLG can be differentially modulated by doping from various aromatic molecules. We also show that a simple spectroscopic method based on the Raman 2D and G band frequency sampling can be used to distinguish the n- and p-doped SLG. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool to rapidly and nondestructively examine intrinsic physical properties of various carbon nanostructures, including flat and one-atom thick carbon crystalline layer (graphene monolayer), stacked graphenes (graphite), and roll-up graphene monolayer (single-walled carbon nanotube–SWNT). The characteristic G (~1580-1590 cm -1 ) and 2D (~2690-2710 cm -1 ) Raman bands are able to reveal the number of stacked graphene layer 10-12 and the changes in charge carrier concentration (or Fermi energy shift) induced by static electrical field 13-14 .
Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury on Dopaminergic Transmission

Brain trauma is often associated with severe morbidity and is a major public health concern. Even when injury is mild and no obvious anatomic disruption is seen, many individuals suffer disabling neuropsychological impairments such as memory loss, mood dysfunction, substance abuse, and adjustment disorder. These changes may be related to subtle disruption of neural circuits as well as functional changes at the neurotransmitter level. In particular, there is considerable evidence that dopamine (DA) physiology in the nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways might be impaired after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Alterations in DA levels can lead to oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction, and DA plays an important role in central nervous system inflammation. Therapeutic targeting of DA pathways may offer benefits for both neuronal survival and functional outcome after TBI. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of DA pathology in acute TBI and the potential impact of therapies that target these systems for the treatment of TBI.
Tense in Ancient Greek reports

This paper shows that tenses in Ancient Greek reports have both an anaphoric and a shifted-indexical component. It develops a new account of Ancient Greek tenses that deals with this combination of features. Following Klein's (1994) semantics of tense, I claim that tense indicates the relation between an anaphoric topic time and the moment of utterance, the now. As for Ancient Greek indirect discourse, I argue that the anaphoric component works exactly the same as in non-embedded discourse (contra von Stechow 1995). The indexical component, however, is di ferent in that the now is not provided by the actual context of utterance, but by the reported context. The DRT account developed models this combination of features, taking also into account the role of aspect.
Measurements used to characterize the foot and the medial longitudinal arch: reliability and validity.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Abnormality in the structure of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is commonly thought to be a predisposing factor to injury. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the reliability and validity of several measurements used to characterize various aspects of the foot, including the medial longitudinal arch. SUBJECTS One hundred two feet (both feet of 51 subjects) were measured to establish a reference database. From this group, a subset of 20 feet (both feet of 10 subjects) was used to determine intertester and intratester reliability. Radiographs of a further subset of 10 feet (right feet of 10 subjects) were used to determine validity. METHODS Five foot measurements were taken in 2 stance conditions: 10% of weight bearing and 90% of weight bearing. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intertester and intratester measurements were between.480 and.995. The most reliable method of characterizing arch type in 10% of weight bearing between testers was dividing navicular height by foot length in 10% of weight bearing. However, this measure yielded highly unreliable measurements in 90% of weight bearing. The most valid measurements were navicular height divided by truncated foot length, navicular height divided by foot length in 10% of weight bearing, and navicular height divided by foot length in 90% of weight bearing. Dorsum height at 50% of foot length divided by truncated foot length showed relatively high intertester reliability (ICC=.811 in 10% of weight bearing, ICC=.848 in 90% of weight bearing) and validity (ICC=.844 in 10% of weight bearing, ICC=.851 in 90% of weight bearing). CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION These data suggest that, of the measures tested, the most reliable and valid method of clinically assessing arch height across 10% and 90% of weight bearing was dividing the dorsum height at 50% of foot length by truncated foot length.