Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A compact printed monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and variable dual band notch for UWB applications

Abstract This article presents a compact, enhanced bandwidth, and variable dual band notched printed monopole antenna for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. By inserting a simple inverted L-shaped slot in the ground plane and modifying the lower edge of the patch, wider bandwidth with usable fractional bandwidth of 139.2% (3.1–17.3 GHz) is achieved whereas two inverted U-shaped slots in the corner modified patch are embedded to realize two notch bands exactly at WiMAX (3.25–3.75 GHz) and WLAN (5.1–5.9 GHz). A precise design formula is also proposed to calculate the length of the slots. The proposed simple antenna structure with a 50 Ω feed line has been obtained within a small size of 0. 11λ × 0. 19λ. The simulated results are validated using measured results to show potentiality of the proposed antenna structure in UWB applications.
Diagnosing Model Errors in Simulations of Solar Radiation on Inclined Surfaces: Preprint

Transposition models have been widely used in the solar energy industry to simulate solar radiation on inclined PV panels. Following numerous studies comparing the performance of transposition models, this paper aims to understand the quantitative uncertainty in the state-of-the-art transposition models and the sources leading to the uncertainty. Our results suggest that an isotropic transposition model developed by Badescu substantially underestimates diffuse plane-of-array (POA) irradiances when diffuse radiation is perfectly isotropic. In the empirical transposition models, the selection of empirical coefficients and land surface albedo can both result in uncertainty in the output. This study can be used as a guide for future development of physics-based transposition models.
Electronic-nuclear entanglement in H2+: Schmidt decomposition of non-Born-Oppenheimer wave functions expanded in nonorthogonal basis sets

We compute the entanglement between the electronic and vibrational motions in the simplest molecular system, the hydrogen molecular ion, considering the molecule as a bipartite system, electron and vibrational motion. For that purpose we compute an accurate total non-Born-Oppenheimer wave function in terms of a huge expansion using nonorthogonal B-spline basis sets that expand separately the electronic and nuclear wave functions. According to the Schmidt decomposition theorem for bipartite systems, widely used in quantum-information theory, it is possible to find a much shorter but equivalent expansion in terms of the natural orbitals or Schmidt bases for the electronic and nuclear half spaces. Here we extend the Schmidt decomposition theorem to the case in which nonorthogonal bases are used to span the partitioned Hilbert spaces. This extension is first illustrated with two simple coupled systems, the former without an exact solution and the latter exactly solvable. In these model systems of distinguishable coupled particles it is shown that the entanglement content does not increase monotonically with the excitation energy, but only within the manifold of states that belong to an existing excitation mode, if any. In the hydrogen molecular ion the entanglement content for each non-Born-Oppenheimer vibronic state is quantified through the von Neumann and linear entropies and we show that entanglement serves as a witness to distinguish vibronic states related to different Born-Oppenheimer molecular energy curves or electronic excitation modes.
Optical flare events on the RS Canum Venaticorum star UX Arietis

Based on long-term high-resolution spectroscopic observations obtained during five observing runs from 2001 to 2004, we study optical flare events and chromospheric activity variability of the very active RS CVn star UX Ari. By means of the spectral subtraction technique, several optical chromospheric activity indicators (including the He i D3, Na i D1, D2 doublet, Hα and Ca ii IRT lines) covered in our echelle spectra were analyzed. Four large optical flare events were detected on UX Ari during our observations, which show prominent He i D3 line emission together with great enhancement in emission of the Hα and Ca ii IRT lines and strong filled-in or emission reversal features in the Na i D1, D2 doublet lines. The newly detected flares are much more energetic than previous discoveries, especially for the flare identified during the 2002 December observing run. Optical flare events on UX Ari are more likely to be observed around two quadratures of the system, except for our optical flares detected during the 2004 November observing run. Moreover, we have found rotational modulation of chromospheric activity in the Hα and Ca ii IRT lines, which suggests the presence of chromospherically active longitudes over the surface of UX Ari. The change in chromospherically active longitudes among our observing runs, as well as the variation in chromospheric activity level from 2001 to 2004, indicates a long-term evolution of active regions.
GraphRNN: A Deep Generative Model for Graphs

Modeling and generating graphs is fundamental for studying networks in biology, engineering, and social sciences. However, modeling complex distributions over graphs and then efficiently sampling from these distributions is challenging due to the non-unique, high-dimensional nature of graphs and the complex, non-local dependencies that exist between edges in a given graph. Here we propose GraphRNN, a deep autoregressive model that addresses the above challenges and approximates any distribution of graphs with minimal assumptions about their structure. GraphRNN learns to generate graphs by training on a representative set of graphs and decomposes the graph generation process into a sequence of node and edge formations, conditioned on the graph structure generated so far. In order to quantitatively evaluate the performance of GraphRNN, we introduce a benchmark suite of datasets, baselines and novel evaluation metrics based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy, which measure distances between sets of graphs. Our experiments show that GraphRNN significantly outperforms all baselines, learning to generate diverse graphs that match the structural characteristics of a target set, while also scaling to graphs 50 times larger than previous deep models.
Numerical study of self-sustained oscillations in transitional flows

This thesis presents a numerical study of the phenomenon of self-sustained oscillations of an elastically mounted rigid wing. These oscillations were reported experimentally at the Royal Military College of Canada by the team of professer Poirel. They showed that the phenomenon is observed in a specifie range of Reynolds numbers where the transition of the boundary layers can occur: 5 x 104 < Re < 1.3 x 105. Both pitch-only and pitch-heave oscillations were observed. The pitch-only oscillations have an amplitude of approximately 5 degrees and a frequency of about 3 Hz. The pitch-heave oscillations have pitching amplitudes reaching up to 65 degrees depending on the structural stiffness coefficients and frequencies in the range of 3 to 5Hz. The phenomenon has been studied in this thesis through the means of Computational Fluid Dynamics. Using the open-source finite volumes code OpenFOAM, simulations of the aeroelastic problem were performed. In the case of the pitch-only oscillations, a very good agreement between the numerical and experimental results was obtained. The use of a transition madel was an improvement over previous numerical simulations and contributed to a better understanding of the flow physics involved. Since the separation of the laminar boundary layer is the trigger mechanism of the phenomenon, these oscillations are labelled as laminar separation flutter. The impact of freestream turbulence intensity on the oscillations has also been investigated and found to play an important role, suppressing the oscillations at high levels. The secondary role played by the high-frequency flow structures was demonstrated as well as the different energy dissipation mechanisms in vol ved. Self-sustained pitch-heave oscillations were also simulated numerically. The quantitative comparison with experimental results is not as good as the pitch-only oscillations but similar trends are observed. When a small heave stiffness is used, small pitching and heaving amplitudes are obtained in a similar fashion as for the pitch-only case. When a large heave stiffness is used, large pitching oscillations are obtained of the same arder of magnitudes as the experimental results. These oscillations differ from the pitch-only case since they are characterized by coalescence flutter rather than laminar separation flutter.
LQR-LMI control applied to convex-bounded domains

Recently, propositions of new conditions necessary and sufficient in the controller’s synthesis, based on linear quadratic problems, have been especially combined with the mathematical description in the form of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI), expanding its applications for continuous and uncertain systems in convex-bounded domains. In this class of studies, the Linear Quadratic Regulator provides a good relationship between performance and eigenvalues allocation, based on minimization of energy signals of the state and control variables. Thus, this work permits to get less conservative conditions in LMI control through the use of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions in obtaining robust controllers under a certain decay rate. Illustratively, application examples evaluate the performance of the proposed theorems, whose validation addresses tests of feasibility subject to variation limit of the decay rate and the analysis of the temporal behavior of the interest signals.
Study on Topology Optimization Method of Particle Moving Based on Element-Free Galerkin Method

Abstract A novel topology optimization method is proposed based on particle moving, in which the topological optimization results can be obtained by moving particle instead of “soft delete” or “hard delete”. The relation between particle coordination and its density is built. The moving of particles can be controlled according to its density value, that is, with the particle density values change in the optimal iteration, the particle will be moved from a location to the other one in accordance with given step. The density gradient is derived. As the compliance, the particle density is chosen as the objective function and the design variables, respectively, the topology optimization model of particle moving based on EFGM is built by using the SIMP material model, and calculating flow chart is given. Combined OC method, the two topology optimization examples are achieved. The results obtained verify that the presented optimal method is feasible.
Constructive approximate extremum value theorem for function spaces

Extremum value theorem for function spaces plays an important role in a number of physical and engineering applications providing existence of optimal solutions, trajectories, control laws etc. Its computational content is investigated from the standpoint of constructive mathematics. It is shown that certain function spaces are bounded in the sense that they admit finite approximations up to an arbitrary precision. Approximating functions are constructed explicitly. Consequently, an approximate version of the extremum value theorem for function spaces is proven. Applicability of the theorem is investigated for finite--horizon optimal control, dynamic programming and adaptive dynamic programming
Trend Momentum II: Driving Forces of Low Volatility and Momentum

In discussions and critiques on the validity of the Efficient Market Hypothesis, there are two important research focuses: statistical analyses showing that the basic assumption of statistical independence in price series is violated and empirical findings that show that significant market anomalies exist. In this paper, we combine both viewpoints by analyzing two important mathematical factor anomalies: low volatility and momentum. By applying an explicit trend model, we show that both anomalies require trending. Additionally, we show that the trend model exhibits lognormal trend characteristics. Furthermore, the model allows us to describe how low volatility uses implicitly asymmetric trend characteristics while momentum directly exploits trends. Using Mandelbrot’s model of fractional Brownian Motions, we can finally link statistical analyses (measuring the Hurst exponent and persistence in returns) to the empirically observed momentum factor. Experimentally, the Hurst exponent in itself allows for a momentum strategy, and can be utilized to significantly improve low volatility strategies. In contrast to Mandelbrot’s approach, we offer a non-stationary view that allows us to describe both investment strategies using the trend model.
The Radiofrequency Frontier: A Review of Radiofrequency and Combined Radiofrequency Pulsed-Light Technology in Aesthetic Medicine

Radiofrequency (RF) and combined RF light source technologies have established themselves as safe and effective treatment modalities for several dermatologic procedures, including skin tightening, hair and leg vein removal, acne scarring, skin rejuvenation, and wrinkle reduction. This article reviews the technology, clinical applications, and recent advances of RF and combined RF light/laser source technologies in aesthetic medicine.
Testing the CVAR in the Fractional CVAR Model

We consider the fractional cointegrated vector autoregressive (CVAR) model of Johansen and Nielsen (2012a) and show that the likelihood ratio test statistic for the usual CVAR model is asymptotically chi‐squared‐distributed. Because the usual CVAR model lies on the boundary of the parameter space for the fractional CVAR in Johansen and Nielsen (2012a), the analysis requires the study of the fractional CVAR model on a slightly larger parameter space so that the CVAR model lies in the interior. This in turn implies some further analysis of the asymptotic properties of the fractional CVAR model.
GS and SGS Eddies in Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence

It has been shown in recent years that turbulent flows contain various types of vortical structures and there is a large range of scales. During the past decades, the studies on the small-scale and large-scale structures in turbulence have been the subjects of considerable interest among turbulence researchers. The study on these structures is promising not only for understanding turbulence phenomena but also for modeling of turbulence. In the theoretical study, it is believed that tube-like structure is a type of eddy or vortex, which is the candidate of fine scale structure, particularly, in the small-scale motions in turbulence (Tennekes, 1968; Lundgren, 1982; Pullin and Saffman, 1993). Nowadays, from direct numerical simulations of turbulence (She et al., 1990, Vincent and Meniguzzi, 1991, Jimenez et al., 1993), fine scale tube-like eddies in homogeneous turbulence are observed, and the visualization of this small-scale eddies in the turbulent flow becomes possible. In the recent studies, by direct use of local flow pattern (Tanahashi et al., 1997a, 1999a), the cross-sections of tubelike coherent fine scale eddies are investigated from DNS database of homogeneous isotropic turbulence and then characteristics of the coherent fine scale eddies are identified. By applying the same analyses to turbulent mixing layer (Tanahashi et al., 1997b), it is shown that the characteristic of tube-like eddies in homogeneous isotropic turbulence and fully developed turbulent mixing layer obey the same scaling law. In their study, the educed fine scale eddies have similar mean azimuthal velocity profiles and distinct axes, that is why, they described these eddies as ‘coherent fine scale structures’ in turbulence. The characteristics of vortical structures in turbulent channel flows (Tanahashi et al., 1999b) and MHD turbulence (Tanahashi et al., 1999c) also show the similar behavior of tube-like eddies in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. These results suggest that the existence of ‘coherent fine scale eddy’ in turbulence is universal. Although DNS is the most exact approach to turbulence simulation but too expensive while Large-eddy simulation (LES) is less expensive and can simulate very complex flow fields in turbulence. With LES method, large-scale motion is directly calculated but small-scale needs to be modeled by subgrid-scale (SGS) model. Concerning the subgrid-scale model, it seems quite important to know what happened in the filtered field for LES including appearance or disappearance of the tube-like vortical structures in resolved or unresolved field. Hence, the objective of this study is to filter DNS velocity fields for generating the grid-scale and subgrid-scale velocity fields in turbulent flow using classical filters for LES. Then we identified the GS (grid-scale) and SGS (subgrid-scale) eddies to perform a priori test in homogeneous isotropic turbulence.
The Intricate Role of Cold Gas and Dust in Galaxy Evolution at Early Cosmic Epochs

Abstract Cold molecular and atomic gas plays a central role in our understanding of early galaxy formation and evolution. It represents the component of the interstellar medium (ISM) that stars form out of, and its mass, distribution, excitation, and dynamics provide crucial insight into the physical processes that support the ongoing star formation and stellar mass buildup. We here present results that demonstrate the capability of the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA) to detect the cold ISM and dust in “normal” galaxies at redshifts z=5–6. We also show detailed studies of the ISM in massive, dust-obscured starburst galaxies out to z>6 with ALMA, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA), the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI), and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). These observations place some of the most direct constraints on the dust-obscured fraction of the star formation history of the universe at z>5 to date, showing that “typical” galaxies at these epochs have low dust content, but also that highly-enriched, dusty starbursts already exist within the first billion years after the Big Bang.
PID controller design for a one-dimensional heated rod using orthogonal collocation

This paper presents the design of PID-type controllers for a one-dimensional, distributed heat conduction system starting from the parabolic partial differential equation modelling the system. The partial differential equation modelling the system was lumped using the orthogonal collocation method resulting in third-order lumped model. This lumped model was then used for the controller design based on a method of PID controller design previously developed for higher-order systems by the authors. The results of closed-loop simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the PID-type controllers so designed. The approach presented is quite general and may be used to carry out PID-type controller designs for other single-input, single-output distributed parameter systems. http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/njt.v37i4. 20
Anxieties in dermatological disorders—A psychodermatology topic which should be recognized for daily practice

Anxiety appears to be a common comorbidity in many skin patients. The number of published papers showing an association between anxiety and skin disease has increased dramatically from 1947 to the present (Figure 1). In the present JEADV issue, the study by Storer et al. showed a percentage of patients with skin disease and anxiety in 26.7% (range: 2.9– 67.8) in the metaanalysis of 12,812 patients. This number should be compared with the percentage of anxiety in the general population, which was almost as high during the COVID pandemic as reported in a metaanalysis. In contrast, a large European epidemiological study by Wittchen found only 14% of anxiety disorders in the general population. In contrast, medical students are likely to have more anxiety disorders than skin patients, with a prevalence of over 40%. Anxiety is an affective disorder with a broad spectrum of disorders including generalized anxiety, specific phobias and social phobias with varying degrees of severity. Social phobia is often suspected in patients with skin disease because it correlates with feelings of stigmatization. In case– control studies, the differences between skin diseases and healthy controls are always significant, such as in lichen planus or alopecia areata. Although the metaanalysis by Storer et al. found the highest prevalence of anxiety in psoriasis patients, there are recent studies showing higher rates in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. Older age seems to have a protective effect on skin disease anxiety. Biological treatment showed significant efficacy in reducing anxiety in all available studies, but sometimes did not correlate with a change in quality of life. Therefore, some authors have developed the idea that anxiety and depression are only a consequence of inflammation. The hypothesis is that reducing inflammation through dermatologic treatment may be the best ‘psychopharmaceutical’ for treating anxiety and depression in skin disease. This hypothesis could be an aspect of the development of anxiety in skin patients. However, anxiety is genetic or passed down through generations, which has been investigated in followup studies over three generations. From a psychoimmunological and epigenetic perspective, there is evidence that maternal anxiety causes a higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis in the offspring via DNA methylation in the placenta, which appears to occur even in the absence of inflammation. Another aspect is the evidence of functional brain changes also in dogs with anxiety, and the correlation of childhood trauma and anxiety in urticaria patients without inflammation suggests that inflammation is not the only key factor in understanding anxiety in skin diseases. Thus, the ongoing discussion lacks predictors of anxiety in skin patients, which anxiety is most prevalent in skin patients, and studies that look for correlations with stigmatization, loneliness, quality of life, symptom severity, selfesteem, Received: 14 June 2023 | Accepted: 14 June 2023
Two-beam phase correlation spectroscopy: a label-free holographic method to quantify particle flow in biofluids

We introduce two-beam phase correlation spectroscopy ( 2B-Φ CS ) as a label-free technique to measure the dynamics of flowing particles; e.g., in vitro or in vivo blood flow. 2B-Φ CS combines phase imaging with correlation spectroscopy, using the intrinsic refractive index contrast of particles against the fluid background in correlation analysis. This method starts with the acquisition of a time series of phase images of flowing particles using partially coherent point-diffraction digital holographic microscopy. Then, phase fluctuations from two selected circular regions in the image series are correlated to determine the concentration and flow velocity of the particles by fitting pair correlation curves with a physical model. 2B-Φ CS is a facile procedure when using a microfluidic channel, as shown by the measurements on flowing yeast microparticles, polymethyl methacrylate microparticles, and diluted rat blood. In the latter experiment, the concentration and average diameter of rat blood cells were determined to be (cid:1) 4 . 7 (cid:3) 1 . 9 (cid:4) × 10 6 μ L − 1 and 4 . 6 (cid:3) 0 . 4 μ m , respectively. We further analyzed the flow of mainly red blood cells in the tail vessels of live zebrafish embryos. Arterial and venous flow velocities were measured as 290 (cid:3) 110 μ m s − 1 and 120 (cid:3) 50 μ m s − 1 , respectively. We envision that our technique will find applications in imaging transparent organisms and other areas of the life sciences and biomedicine.