Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Landmark coordinates aligned by procrustes analysis do not lie in Kendall's shape space.

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Antenna Beamwidth Control [Antenna Designer's Notebook]

Some methods for controlling antenna beamwidth are briefly proposed for aperture widths approximately equal to one wavelength. They can be used as primary feeds to create fan beams for radar antennas. The mouth modifications can improve the radiation patterns and the matching of the input impedance. This allows narrowing the radiation pattern, and therefore increasing the gain. On the other hand, similar modifications are advantageous for dual orthogonal polarization or octave-frequency-bandwidth operations of aperture antennas, such as horns. The proposed modifications have been performed for a hoghorn antenna. The measurements of the conventional and modified hoghorn designs are compared in detail.
AOS: Adaptive overwrite scheme for energy-efficient MLC STT-RAM cache

Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STT-RAM) has been identified as an advantageous candidate for on-chip memory technology due to its high density and ultra low leakage power. Recent research progress in Magnetic Tunneling Junction (MTJ) devices has developed Multi-Level Cell (MLC) STT-RAM to further enhance cell density. To correct the write disturbance in MLC strategy, data stored in the soft bit must be restored back immediately after the hard bit switching is completed. However, frequent restores are not only unnecessary, but also introduce a significant energy consumption overhead. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Overwrite Scheme (AOS) which alleviates restoration overhead by intentionally overwriting selected soft bit lines based on RRD (Read Reuse Distance). Our experimental results show 54.6% reduction in soft bit restoration, delivering 10.8% decrease in overall energy consumption. Moreover, AOS promotes MLC to be a preferable L2 design alternative in terms of energy, area and latency product.
Homelessness as an independent risk factor for mortality: results from a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Homelessness is associated with increased risks of mortality but it has not previously been possible to distinguish whether this is typical of other socio-economically deprived populations, the result of a higher prevalence of morbidity or an independent risk of homelessness itself. The aim of this study was to describe mortality among a cohort of homeless adults and adjust for the effects of morbidity and socio-economic deprivation. METHODS Retrospective 5-year study of two fixed cohorts, homeless adults and an age- and sex-matched random sample of the local non-homeless population in Greater Glasgow National Health Service Board area for comparison. RESULTS Over 5 years of observation, 1.7% (209/12 451) of the general population and 7.2% (457/6323) of the homeless cohort died. The hazard ratio of all-cause mortality in homeless compared with non-homeless cohorts was 4.4 (95% CI: 3.8-5.2). After adjustment for age, sex and previous hospitalization, homelessness was associated with an all-cause mortality hazard ratio of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-1.9). Homelessness had differential effects on cause-specific mortality. Among patients who had been hospitalized for drug-related conditions, the homeless cohort experienced a 7-fold increase in risk of death from drugs compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS Homelessness is an independent risk factor for deaths from specific causes. Preventive programmes might be most effectively targeted at the homeless with these conditions.
Neural injury of the Papez circuit following hypoxic–ischemic brain injury

Introduction:Hypoxic–ischemic brain injury (HI-BI), a result of oxygen deprivation of the brain, is accompanied by memory impairment. In this study, we report on a patient with neural injury of the Papez circuit following HI-BI, demonstrated by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Clinical Findings/Patient Concerns:A 48-year-old male patient suffered spontaneous cardiopulmonary arrest and underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation for approximately 20 minutes with the concomitant oxygen deprivation leading to HI-BI. The patient showed severe memory impairment at 10 weeks after onset: a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 11 (full score: 30, cut-off score < 24), and examination using the memory function test was not possible due to severe cognitive deficit. Outcomes:On 10-week DTT, discontinuation of the fornical column was observed in both hemispheres and thinning of the thalamocingulate tract was observed in the right hemisphere and nonreconstruction in the left hemisphere. Conclusion:Using DTT, neural injury of the Papez circuit was demonstrated in a patient with memory impairment following HI-BI. These results suggest that analysis of the Papez circuit using DTT could provide beneficial information by detecting injury of the Papez circuit that cannot be detected on conventional brain MRI in patients with HI-BI.
User-directed Sentiment Analysis: Visualizing the Affective Content of Documents

Recent advances in text analysis have led to finer-grained semantic analysis, including automatic sentiment analysis---the task of measuring documents, or chunks of text, based on emotive categories, such as positive or negative. However, considerably less progress has been made on efficient ways of exploring these measurements. This paper discusses approaches for visualizing the affective content of documents and describes an interactive capability for exploring emotion in a large document collection.
A Common Oscillator for Perceptual Rivalries?

Perceptual rivalry is an oscillation of conscious experience that takes place despite univarying, if ambiguous, sensory input. Much current interest is focused on the controversy over the neural site of binocular rivalry, a variety of perceptual rivalry for which a number of different cortical regions have been implicated. Debate continues over the relative role of higher levels of processing compared with primary visual cortex and the suggestion that different forms of rivalry involve different cortical areas. Here we show that the temporal pattern of disappearance and reappearance in motion-induced blindness (MIB) (Bonneh et al, 2001 Nature 411 798–801) is highly correlated with the pattern of oscillation reported during binocular rivalry in the same individual. This correlation holds over a wide range of inter-individual variation. Temporal similarity in the two phenomena was strikingly confirmed by the effects of the hallucinogen LSD, which produced the same, extraordinary, pattern of increased rhythmicity in both kinds of perceptual oscillation. Furthermore, MIB demonstrates the two properties previously considered characteristic of binocular rivalry. Namely the distribution of dominance periods can be approximated by a gamma distribution and, in line with Levelt's second proposition of binocular rivalry, predominance of one perceptual phase can be increased through a reduction in the predominance time of the opposing phase. We conclude that (i) MIB is a form of perceptual rivalry, and (ii) there may be a common oscillator responsible for timing aspects of all forms of perceptual rivalry.
Automated detection of skeletal muscle twitches from B-mode ultrasound images: An application to motor neuron disease

The presence of involuntary muscle twitches is a diagnostic indicator of neurodegenerative diseases, such as motor neurone disease (MND), but current methods of twitch detection are invasive and pose potential risks to patients. We present a method by which standard B-mode ultrasound can be used to automatically identify muscle twitches similar to those found in patients with MND. The results of initial experimentation are presented, and we show that this technique can detect muscle twitches with a high degree of accuracy.
QuixBugs: a multi-lingual program repair benchmark set based on the quixey challenge

Recent years have seen an explosion of work in automated program repair. While previous work has focused exclusively on tools for single languages, recent work in multi-language transformation has opened the door for multi-language program repair tools. Evaluating the performance of such a tool requires having a benchmark set of similar buggy programs in different languages. We present QuixBugs, consisting of 40 programs translated to both Python and Java, each with a bug on a single line. The QuixBugs benchmark suite is based on problems from the Quixey Challenge, where programmers were given a short buggy program and 1 minute to fix the bug.
Spontaneous regression of metastases from melanoma: review of the literature

Regression of metastatic melanoma is a rare event, and review of the literature reveals a total of 76 reported cases since 1866. The proposed mechanisms include immunologic, endocrine, inflammatory and metastatic tumour nutritional factors. We conclude from this review that although the precise mechanisms remain unknown, some event must trigger the immune system to produce a stronger than normal response that results in regression of the melanoma metastases. Immunologic studies of patients with regression may disclose the underlying mechanisms and lead to new therapies of disseminated melanoma.
Pinstripe: eyes-free continuous input on interactive clothing

We present Pinstripe, a textile user interface element for eyes-free, continuous value input on smart garments that uses pinching and rolling a piece of cloth between your fingers. The input granularity can be controlled in a natural way by varying the amount of cloth pinched. Pinstripe input elements physically consist of fields of parallel conductive lines sewn onto the fabric. This way, they can be invisible, and can be included across large areas of a garment. Pinstripe also addresses several problems previously identified in the placement and operation of textile UI elements on smart clothing. Two user studies evaluate ideal placement and orientation of Pinstripe elements on the users' garments as well as acceptance and perceived ease of use of this novel textile input technique.
Approximate Distribution of L1 Median on Uncertain Data

We study the L1 median for locationally uncertain points with discrete distributions. That is, each point in a data set has a discrete probability distribution describing its location. The L1 median is a robust estimator, useful when there are outliers in the point set. However given the probabilistic nature of this data, there is a distribution describing the L1 median, not a single location. We show how to construct and estimate this median distribution in near-linear or quadratic time in 1 and 2 dimensions.
Sex-biased cellular signaling: molecular basis for sex differences in neuropsychiatric diseases

The recognition that there are fundamental biological sex differences that extend beyond those that define sexual behavior and reproductive function has inspired the drive toward inclusion of both sexes in research design. This is supported by an underlying clinical rationale that studying both sexes is necessary to elucidate pathophysiology and develop treatments for the entire population. However, at a more basic level, sex differences, like genetic differences, can be exploited to better understand biology. Here, we discuss how sex differences at the molecular level of cell signaling and protein trafficking are amplified to create a state of vulnerability that under the right conditions can result in symptoms of neuropsychiatry disease. Although this dialogue focuses on the specific example of corticotropin-releasing factor, the potential for analogous sex differences in signaling and/or trafficking of receptors for other neuromodulators has broad biological and therapeutic implications.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Storytelling as a Communication Tool

Introduction Stories may be an effective tool to communicate with patients because of their ability to engage the reader. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of story booklets compared to standard information sheets for parents of children attending the emergency department (ED) with a child with croup. Methods Parents were randomized to receive story booklets (n=208) or standard information sheets (n=205) during their ED visit. The primary outcome was change in anxiety between triage to ED discharge as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted at 1 and 3 days after discharge, then every other day until 9 days (or until resolution of symptoms), and at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included: expected future anxiety, event impact, parental knowledge, satisfaction, decision regret, healthcare utilization, time to symptom resolution. Results There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of change in parental anxiety between recruitment and ED discharge (change of 5 points for the story group vs. 6 points for the comparison group, p=0.78). The story group showed significantly greater decision regret regarding their decision to go to the ED (p<0.001): 6.7% of the story group vs. 1.5% of the comparison group strongly disagreed with the statement “I would go for the same choice if I had to do it over again”. The story group reported shorter time to resolution of symptoms (mean 3.7 days story group vs. 4.0 days comparison group, median 3 days both groups; log rank test, p=0.04). No other outcomes were different between study groups. Conclusions Stories about parent experiences managing a child with croup did not reduce parental anxiety. The story group showed significantly greater decision regret and quicker time to resolution of symptoms. Further research is needed to better understand whether stories can be effective in improving patient-important outcomes. Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN39642997 (http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN39642997)
Pharmacological treatment for generalized anxiety disorder in adults: an update

Introduction: Modest response and remission rates for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, coupled with mounting evidence that the tolerability of the antidepressants (ADs) may have been overstated in the literature, has contributed to changes in prescribing patterns for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). New interest in the absence of evidence that supports these standard therapies as superior to benzodiazepines stimulated a review of the literature. Areas covered: A literature search was conducted in the MedLine database with search terms ‘generalized anxiety disorder’ and ‘treatment’ for purposes of including relevant literature related to pharmacologic treatment of GAD. Aside from a review of pivotal literature, the authors also included newer studies that evaluated novel drug treatments. Last, the database was searched for benzodiazepine comparisons to standard therapy secondary to concerns that such literature is sparse. The review of newer modalities and the decision to include related literature was also based on the strength of the evidence and the status of their approval for the treatment of GAD. Expert opinion: Although ADs remain the most frequently prescribed medications for GAD, alternative and off-label therapies such as pregabalin, the atypical antipsychotics and vortioxetine are garnering interest. Based on the evidence available to us, it is our recommendation that along with the ADs, benzodiazepines be considered a possible first-line therapy in eligible patients based on the discretion and clinical judgment of the treating physician.
Plasma angiotensin II, predisposition to hypertension, and left ventricular size in healthy young adults.

BACKGROUND We studied the correlates of left ventricular mass (LVM) in 84 healthy young adults aged 16 to 24 years from the general population. Subjects were selected according to predisposition to hypertension into four groups with either high or low personal blood pressures and either high or low parental blood pressures. METHODS AND RESULTS LVM was measured by echocardiography, and measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, body dimensions, and plasma concentrations of components of the renin-angiotensin system were made under resting conditions. LVM was similar in individuals predisposed to hypertension (high personal and parental blood pressures) and those with contrasting predisposition (low personal and parental pressures). Regression analysis of the combined groups showed that LVM correlated closely with body size, particularly lean body mass (r=.69, P<.0001) and systolic (r=.35, P<.0001) but not diastolic blood pressure. Plasma angiotensin II (r=.39, P<.0001), renin (r=.302, P<.01), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (r=.22, P<.05) showed significant correlation with LVM. Multiple regression analysis revealed that plasma angiotensin II was the most important component of the renin-angiotensin system and that its effect was independent of systolic blood pressure and body size. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence in humans that angiotensin II exerts a direct on myocardial size. This association may have important implications for the complications and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Impact of paleoclimate on the distribution of microbial communities in the subsurface sediment of the Dead Sea

A long sedimentary core has been recently retrieved from the Dead Sea Basin (DSB) within the framework of the ICDP‐sponsored Dead Sea Deep Drilling Project. Contrasting climatic intervals were evident by distinctive lithological facies such as laminated aragonitic muds and evaporites. A geomicrobiological investigation was conducted in representative sediments of this core. To identify the microbial assemblages present in the sediments and their evolution with changing depositional environments through time, the diversity of the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed in gypsum, aragonitic laminae, and halite samples. The subsurface microbial community was largely dominated by the Euryarchaeota phylum (Archaea). Within the latter, Halobacteriaceae members were ubiquitous, probably favored by their ‘high salt‐in’ osmotic adaptation which also makes them one of the rare inhabitants of the modern Dead Sea. Bacterial community members were scarce, emphasizing that the ‘low salt‐in’ strategy is less suitable in this environment. Substantial differences in assemblages are observed between aragonitic sediments and gypsum–halite ones, independently of the depth and salinity. The aragonite sample, deposited during humid periods when the lake was stratified, consists mostly of the archaeal MSBL1 and bacterial KB1 Candidate Divisions. This consortium probably relies on compatible solutes supplied from the lake by halotolerant species present in these more favorable periods. In contrast, members of the Halobacteriaceae were the sole habitants of the gypsum–halite sediments which result from a holomictic lake. Although the biomass is low, these variations in the observed subsurface microbial populations appear to be controlled by biological conditions in the water column at the time of sedimentation, and subsequently by the presence or absence of stratification and dilution in the lake. As the latter are controlled by climatic changes, our data suggest a relationship between local lacustrine subsurface microbial assemblages and large‐scale climatic variations over the Dead Sea Basin.
Effect of socioeconomic status on objectively measured physical activity

Background: A socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity is known to be present by the age of school entry in the UK. The origin of this gradient is unclear at present, but must lie in socioeconomic differences in habitual physical activity, sedentary behaviour, or dietary intake. Aims: To test the hypothesis that habitual physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour are associated with socioeconomic status (SES) in young Scottish children. Methods: Observational study of 339 children (mean age 4.2 years, SD 0.3) in which habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by accelerometry over six days (study 1). In a second study, 39 pairs of children of distinctly different SES (mean age 5.6 years, SD 0.3) were tested for differences in habitual physical activity and sedentary behaviour by accelerometry over seven days. Results: In study 1, SES was not a significant factor in explaining the amount of time spent in physical activity or sedentary behaviour once gender and month of measurement were taken into account. In study 2, there were no significant differences in time spent in physical activity or sedentary behaviour between affluent and deprived groups. Conclusion: Results do not support the hypothesis that low SES in young Scottish children is associated with lower habitual physical activity or higher engagement in sedentary behaviour.
Observing Attention

Understanding whether an event attracted the audience’s attention and which moments were mostly enjoyable is a primary goal for sport and show business managers. OZ (Osservare l’attenZione – Observing attention) is an interdisciplinary, mixed-methods project that aims at developing a technology able to automatically detect at run time spec-tators’ attention level, via the integration of microsociological analysis of human behavior into computer vision modeling and techniques. More speciﬁcally, we will show how it is possible to distinguish supporters of diﬀerent teams by automatically detecting their liveliness in diﬀerent moments of the match, even when they are mingled in the crowd. Moreover, we will show how, only by automatically detecting crowd’s motion on the stands, it is possible to detect and annotate the most salient events of the match, like goals, fouls or shots on goal.