Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting Criminality? Risk Factors, Neighbourhood Influence and Desistance

Using qualitative biographical data from a longitudinal study of youth transitions, criminal careers and desistance, this paper casts doubt on the veracity and predictive power of risk assessment devices such as Asset and OASys. These devices, and the research on which they are based, suggest that earlier and current childhood and teenage influences trigger and sustain later re-offending. In contrast, we argue that focus must be shifted to contingent risk factors that accrue in late teenage and young adulthood. Secondly, risk assessment and criminal career research has ignored the influence that unforeseen and unforeseeable processes of neighbourhood destabilization and life events have in criminal careers and their cessation.
An imaginary leave-taking ritual in mourning therapy: a brief communication.

Abstract One form of mourning therapy is the therapeutic leave-taking ritual, the essence of which is that by parting with symbols connected with the deceased, patients take their leave of the deceased and can start a new life of their own. In the case described in the present paper, the patient performed such a ritual in her imagination while under hypnosis. Her extreme grief response is explained in terms of Janet's theory of emotions. It is emphasized that successfully performing the ritual necessarily involved a change in attitude towards the deceased, and it is argued that the specific characteristics of hypnosis–involuntariness and effortlessness–add an extra dimension to guided imagery approaches to unresolved mourning.
Targeted Disruption of Mouse Yin Yang 1 Transcription Factor Results in Peri-Implantation Lethality

ABSTRACT Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor and a target of viral oncoproteins. To determine the biological role of YY1 in mammalian development, we generated mice deficient for YY1 by gene targeting. Homozygosity for the mutated YY1 allele results in embryonic lethality in the mouse. YY1 mutants undergo implantation and induce uterine decidualization but rapidly degenerate around the time of implantation. A subset of YY1 heterozygote embryos are developmentally retarded and exhibit neurulation defects, suggesting that YY1 may have additional roles during later stages of mouse embryogenesis. Our studies demonstrate an essential function for YY1 in the development of the mouse embryo.
Violence in schools and representations of young people: a critique of government policies in France and England

This paper examines media discourses in France and in Britain relating to young people, violence and disaffection in schools, setting these within the framework of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which emphasises young people’s participation rights. It analyses policy initiatives developed since 1997 in each country to address concerns about young people, disaffection and violence, examining these in the light of research evidence. It considers how public policies are variously shaped by research findings and by media representations. In France, attempts to reduce violence in schools have been accompanied by recognition that schools structurally produce disaffection and violence. In England there has been a shift in policy discourses. In 1997 the primary emphasis was social inclusion, but greater weight has since been given to the need to combat crime. (Male) youth disaffection is linked to crime. Policies addressing standards and achievement have been prioritised over policies to combat social exclusion. In both countries researchers and the media give particular attention to urban communities where minority ethnic communities live. Individual schools are labelled as failing and large numbers of young people are excluded or marginalised. In both countries minority ethnic students are over‐represented among those formally excluded from mainstream education and in the least popular, most stigmatised, schools and classes. Violence and disadvantage are effectively institutionalised. Discourses in each country are racialised and disaffection is associated with minorities. Yet both countries offer universalist rather than targeted policy responses. Opportunities for student participation in school decision‐making are limited.
The role of theory in teacher preparation: an analysis of the concept of theory application

The article analyses the problems and limitations associated with the concept of theory application embedded in the current training model of teacher preparation in Singapore, and in so doing, argues for a better way of understanding the role of theory in teacher preparation. It contends that relating theory to practice is inferentially complex and cannot be straightforwardly construed as a technological application as the concept implies, and that apart from the instrumental use, there are non‐direct yet basic uses of theory which are highly significant if pre‐service teachers are to become well‐informed and morally‐sensitive professionals. The role of theory is not only to assist in the training of pre‐service teachers in skills and procedures, but more importantly, to educate them more widely about the complexities, intellectual and moral nature of classroom practice.
Efficacy of Different Root Canal Irrigants on Smear Layer Removal after Post Space Preparation: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation

Introduction: Effective durable adhesion between post material and dentine using resin cements is essential for longevity of restoration. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different irrigants on smear layer removal after post space preparation. Methods and Materials: A total of 75 extracted anterior human teeth were selected. The canals were instrumented by rotary system and then were filled. After preparing the post space, teeth were divided into 5 groups according to irrigants: 17% EDTA; 17% EDTA+2% CHX; 5.25% NaOCl; 17% EDTA+5.25% NaOCl; and saline. The canals were irrigated with 5 cc of each irrigants for 1 min. Specimens were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hulsmann’s score was used for marking of smear layer removal at coronal, middle and apical thirds of post space. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The results revealed that subsequent use of 17% EDTA+5.25% NaOCl was more effective than the other groups in smear layer removal. No statistical difference was found among different levels of root canal within each group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 17% EDTA+5.25% NaOCl could be an effective irrigant for smear layer removal after post space preparation.
Housing and Health

Many aspects of housing affect public health, e.g. location, structural and safety features, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of air, water, materials. As residents spend about 70% of their time in a residence, the design and features of homes can reduce exposure to pollutants, allergens, and injuries. Poor indoor air quality, for example, contributes to cardiovascular disease and asthma. Respiratory allergens and irritants affect the development and severity of asthma, one of the most expensive medical conditions. It has been estimated that $1$4 billion annual savings or productivity gains could be realized from reduced cases of allergens and asthma.
An alternating direction method for frame-based image deblurring with balanced regularization

In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for solving a balanced approach in frame-based image deblurring. The balanced approach is usually formulated as a minimization problem involving an ℓ2 data-fidelity term, an ℓ1 regularizer on sparsity of frame coefficients, and a penalty on distance of sparse frame coefficients to the canonical frame coefficients. The balanced approach bridges synthesis-based and analysis-based approaches. Our algorithm is based on a variable splitting strategy and the classical alternating direction method (ADM). This paper shows how the proposed algorithm can be applied to solve the balanced approach efficiently. More precisely, a regularized version of the Hessian matrix of the ℓ2 data-fidelity term is involved, and by exploiting fast tight frame and circular structure of the observation matrix, the matrix can perform efficiently for image deblurring application. Convergence of the proposed algorithm is guaranteed by the existing ADM theory. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficiency of our proposed algorithm in frame-based image deblurring.
FREQUENCY EFFECTS OR CONTEXT EFFECTS IN SECOND LANGUAGE WORD LEARNING

This study examines frequency, contextual diversity, and contextual distinctiveness effects in predicting produced versus not-produced frequent nouns and verbs by early second language (L2) learners of English. The study analyzes whether word frequency is the strongest predictor of early L2 word production independent of contextual diversity and distinctiveness and whether differences exist in the lexical properties of nouns and verbs that can help explain beginning-level L2 word production. The study uses machine learning algorithms to develop models that predict produced and unproduced words in L2 oral discourse. The results demonstrate that word frequency is the strongest classifier of whether a noun is produced or not produced in beginning L2 oral discourse, whereas contextual diversity is the strongest classifier of whether a verb is produced or not produced. Post hoc tests reveal that nouns are more concrete, meaningful, imageable, specific, and unambiguous than verbs, which indicates that lexical properties may explain differences in noun and verb production. Thus, whereas distributional properties of nouns may allow lexical acquisition on the basis of association through exposure alone (i.e., nouns may adhere to frequency effects), the abstractness and ambiguity found in verbs make them difficult to acquire based solely on repetition. Therefore, verb acquisition may follow a principle of likely need characterized by contextual diversity effects.
Multidimensional Self-Concept

The present research examined the relationship between self-concept and level of involvement in delinquent activities of 1327 (612 males, 715 females) years 8—12 high school students. Through cluster analysis, participants were identified as having either high or low involvement in delinquent activities from scores on a self-report measure of delinquency. Three multidimensional areas of self-concept (classroom, peer and confidence) were investigated, because of previous findings indicating discrepancies in these three dimensions for adolescent involvement in delinquent activities. Four, two-way multi-variate analyses of variance were conducted across the three self-concept dimensions for Gender, Year Level, and involvement in Delinquent Activities. Students highly involved in delinquent activities reported significantly lower classroom, peer and confidence self-concepts. For gender and year level effects, males reported significantly higher confidence self-concept while females scored significantly higher on peer self-concept. There were significant differences among year levels with a general decline in confidence self-concept with age but for classroom and peer self-concept, no clear age trends were evident. The results indicate the importance of considering multidimensional self-concept when examining adolescents' involvement in delinquent activities and incorporating self-concept enhancement strategies in intervention programs.
Thirteen Years of Mining Software Repositories (MSR) Conference - What is the Bibliography Data Telling Us?

The Mining Software Repositories (MSR) conference is a reputed, long-running and flagship conference in the area of Software Analytics which has successfully completed more than one decade as of year 2016. We conduct a bibliometric and scientific publication mining based study to study how the conference has evolved over the recent past 13 years (from 2004 to 2007 as a workshop and then from 2008 to 2016 as a conference). Our objective is to perform an examination of the state of MSR so that the MSR community can identify strengths, areas of improvements and future directions for the conference.
Attenuation of Emotional and Nonemotional Memories after Their Reactivation: Role of ␤ Adrenergic Receptors

A memory trace in its active state is susceptible to interference by amnesic agents, such as hypothermia and electroconvulsive shock, and by NMDA receptor antagonists, suggesting that a time-dependent consolidation process occurs each time a memory is reactivated. The role of ␤ noradrenergic receptors in reconsolidation in rats was examined in both a positively reinforced radial maze task and a footshock-reinforced conditioned emotional response task. For the former, rats were trained over several days in a spatial reference memory task and received a single reactivation trial followed by propranolol. A temporally graded impairment was observed when propranolol treatment occurred after the memory reactivation trial. In the emotional task, memory impairing effects of propranolol were greater when the drug was administered after a reactivation trial than when administered immediately after the initial training. These results suggest that reactivation of memory triggers a ␤ receptor-dependent cascade of intracellular events, recapitu-lating that which occurs during initial postacquisition consolidation , thus permitting reorganization of the existing memory as a function of new information in the retrieval environment. This remarkable lability of an active memory trace provides a new basis for pharmacotherapeutic intervention in such syndromes as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. ␤ adrenoreceptor antagonists may be promising pharmacological agents for attenuating debilitating memories at the time of their controlled reactivation. Memories are reactivated by cues associated with the initial acquisition of information. Repeated reactivation of a memory may serve to reinforce it and promote its long-term consolidation (Squire and Alvarez, 1995). A more dynamic view holds that memory is a reconstruction and reorganization of past experiences within the current cognitive context According to this view, each time a memory is retrieved, it is integrated into ongoing perceptual and emotional experiences and becomes part of a new memory. A memory trace in its active state is vulnerable to interference by amnesic agents, such as electroconvulsive shock (Misanin et al. Such experiments provided experimental evidence that reactivated memories, as well as newly acquired information, undergo a time-dependent consolidation process, although they did not address the question of the neurobiological mechanisms involved. We have recently provided evidence that NMDA receptors are involved in these reconsolidation processes, at least in memories for tasks involving spatial information. Blockade of these receptors by the noncom-petitive antagonist M K801 as late as 2 hr after reactivating the memory produces a memory deficit (Przybyslawski and Sara, 1997). This suggests that the cascade of intracellular …
Recognizing the Pedagogy of Voice in a Learning Community

The challenge of regeneration—of rebuilding urban communities by tackling the intractable collective action problems of the environment, education, transport and health—defies simple solutions. Individuals, if they are to flourish in a risk society, will need to learn throughout theirlives to develop their capabilities. In particular, the qualities of learning communities (reflexive, dialogic, cooperative) will be the condition for addressing these predicaments of our time. If this process is to be inclusive, ‘voice’ will be the distinctive capability which schools should encourage young people to acquire if all are to become active citizens in a just, learning democracy at the turn of a new century.
An Early College Initiative in an Urban, High-Poverty High School: First-Year Effects on Student Achievement and Non-Academic Indicators

The Early College High School (ECHS) initiative developed in response to calls to significantly decrease the number of first-generation college and underserved students of color and from poverty who are high school dropouts or marginally graduates (i.e., ill prepared for college). The ECHS model is different from other educational reforms in that secondary and postsecondary faculty work collaboratively to align curriculum and supports that facilitate a successful high school-to-college transition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the initial implementation of ECHS on student achievement and nonacademic indicators in a high-poverty setting. Results indicated that, after an initial year of implementation, achievement results on criterion-referenced tests were significantly higher for all students relative to matched control students, but the statistically and practically significant impact on norm-referenced tests was limited to students enrolled in ECHS courses; school attendance remained the same, but suspensions were decreased. Implications for high school reform and research are discussed.
Zinc-finger antiviral protein mediates retinoic acid inducible gene I–like receptor-independent antiviral response to murine leukemia virus

When host cells are infected by an RNA virus, pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize the viral RNA and induce the antiviral innate immunity. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) detects the genomic RNA of incoming murine leukemia virus (MLV) in endosomes and mediates the antiviral response. However, the RNA-sensing PRR that recognizes the MLV in the cytosol is not fully understood. Here, we definitively demonstrate that zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) acts as a cytosolic RNA sensor, inducing the degradation of the MLV transcripts by the exosome, an RNA degradation system, on RNA granules. Although the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)–like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 detect various RNA viruses in the cytosol and induce the type I IFN-dependent antiviral response, RLR loss does not alter the replication efficiency of MLV. In sharp contrast, the loss of ZAP greatly enhances the replication efficiency of MLV. ZAP localizes to RNA granules, where the processing-body and stress-granule proteins assemble. ZAP induces the recruitment of the MLV transcripts and exosome components to the RNA granules. The CCCH-type zinc-finger domains of ZAP, which are RNA-binding motifs, mediate its localization to RNA granules and MLV transcripts degradation by the exosome. Although ZAP was known as a regulator of RIG-I signaling in a human cell line, ZAP deficiency does not affect the RIG-I–dependent production of type I IFN in mouse cells. Thus, ZAP is a unique member of the cytosolic RNA-sensing PRR family that targets and eliminates intracellular RNA viruses independently of TLR and RLR family members.
Empathic sexual responses in heterosexual women and men

Two distinct empathic sexual responses have been mentioned anecdotally in the literature: (1) an increase in physiological sexual arousal in response to the sexual arousal of the partner (empathic turn-on) and (2) a decrease in physiological sexual arousal in response to lack of sexual arousal in the partner (empathic turn-off), but to our knowledge this is the first systematic study of the phenomenon. There were 722 women and 415 men who participated in the anonymous computer survey. Of the total of 1137 participants, 90.5% agreed that they had experienced empathic turn-on, 69.1% agreed that they had experienced empathic turn-off, 64.4% agreed that they had experienced both empathic turn-on and turn-off and only 4.7% had experienced neither, χ 2 (1, n = 1137) = 19.484, p < . 001. Sexual satisfaction of participants was significantly lower at the levels of partner's orgasm likelihood below 0.5 than above 0.5 in both men and women when analyzed separately. Both men and women were more likely to express multiple or sustained orgasms (instead of single orgasms) with a good partner than while masturbating. Empathic sexual responses can modulate the sexual arousal of both men and women by increasing sexual arousal when the partner is aroused and decreasing sexual arousal when the partner is not sexually responsive.
Power efficiency and diversity issues for peak power constrained wireless communications

the one better than I deserve. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor, for offering me the opportunity to pursue my Ph.D. degree at Georgia Tech and shedding light on my path to any success. What I have learned from her is by no means limited to research techniques, but rather the zeal and high standards she has always demanded of herself.sor Xiaoli Ma for taking the time to serve on my committee and for their helpful suggestions. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Xiaoli Ma for her support and close guidance throughout my Ph.D. study. Her tireless creativity and encouragement engined every collaboration we had. She is the ultimate tiger in my heart. My sincere thanks also go to my group members, Dr. for not only the insightful discussions, but, more importantly, their friendship. Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family. I would like to thank my grandma and my parents for their unconditional and eternal love. Without their unreserved support, all would not have been possible. Their encouragement is always with me and has given me the strength to complete this work. A special appreciation to my wonderful wife, Siyang Peng, who enlightened every step in my life. Along with her, every day is full of joy and happiness.
Enzymatically degraded, nonoxidized LDL induces human vascular smooth muscle cell activation, foam cell transformation, and proliferation.

BACKGROUND Enzymatic, nonoxidative modification transforms LDL to an atherogenic molecule (E-LDL) that activates complement and macrophages and is present in early atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on the atherogenic effects of E-LDL on human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). E-LDL accumulated in these cells, and this was accompanied by selective induction of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the absence of effects on the expression of interleukin (IL)-8, RANTES, or monocyte inflammatory proteins-1alpha and -beta). Furthermore, E-LDL stimulated the expression of gp130, the signal-transducing chain of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) family, and the secretion of IL-6. E-LDL invoked mitogenic effects on SMC through 2 mechanisms. First, an autocrine mitogenic circuit involving platelet-derived growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-beta was induced. Second, upregulation of gp130 rendered SMC sensitive to transsignaling through the IL-6/sIL-6R activation pathway. Because E-LDL promoted release of both IL-6 and sIL-6R from macrophages, application of macrophage cell supernatants to prestimulated SMC provoked a pronounced and sustained proliferation of the cells. CONCLUSIONS E-LDL can invoke alterations in SMC that are characteristic of the evolving atherosclerotic lesion.
PREDICTIVE™– a global, prospective observational study to evaluate insulin detemir treatment in types 1 and 2 diabetes: baseline characteristics and predictors of hypoglycaemia from the European cohort

Aim: PREDICTIVE™ (Predictable Results and Experience in Diabetes through Intensification and Control to Target: An International Variability Evaluation) is a large, multi‐national, observational study assessing the safety and efficacy of insulin detemir. We report the study design, population characteristics and baseline observations, including cross‐sectional analysis, from 19 911 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes.