Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treebank-Based Acquisition of LFG Parsing Resources for French

Motivated by the expense in time and other resources to produce hand-crafted grammars, there has been increased interest in automatically obtained wide-coverage grammars from treebanks for natural language processing. In particular, recent years have seen the growth in interest in automatically obtained deep resources that can represent information absent from simple CFG-type structured treebanks and which are considered to produce more language-neutral linguistic representations, such as dependency syntactic trees. As is often the case in early pioneering work on natural language processing, English has provided the focus of first efforts towards acquiring deep-grammar resources, followed by successful treatments of, for example, German, Japanese, Chinese and Spanish. However, no comparable large-scale automatically acquired deep-grammar resources have been obtained for French to date. The goal of this paper is to present the application of treebank-based language acquisition to the case of French. We show that with modest changes to the established parsing architectures, encouraging results can be obtained for French, with an overall best dependency structure f-score of 86.73%.
A REVIEW AND ANAYSIS ON MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES USING AGILE METHODLOGIES

: Over a last decade, mobile telecommunication industry has observed a rapid growth, proved to be highly competitive, uncertain and dynamic environment. Besides its advancement, it has also raised number of questions and gained concern both in industry and research. The development process of mobile application differs from traditional softwares as the users expect same features similar to their desktop computer applications with additional mobile specific functionalities. Advanced mobile applications require assimilation with existing enterprise computing systems such as databases, legacy applications and Web services. In addition, the lifecycle of a mobile application moves much faster than that of a traditional Web application and therefore the lifecycle management associated therein must be adjusted accordingly. The Security and application testing are more stimulating and interesting in mobile application than in Web applications since the technology in mobile devices progresses rapidly and developers must stay in touch with the latest developments, news and trends in their area of work. With the rising competence of software market, researchers are seeking more flexible methods that can adjust to dynamic situations where software system requirements are changing over time, producing valuable software in short duration and within low budget. The intrinsic uncertainty and complexity in any software project therefore requires an iterative developmental plan to cope with uncertainty and a large number of unknown variables. Agile Methodologies were thus introduced to meet the new requirements of the software development companies. The agile methodologies aim at facilitating software development processes where changes are acceptable at any stage and provide a structure for highly collaborative software development. Therefore, the present paper aims in reviewing and analysing different prevalent methodologies utilizing agile techniques that are currently in use for the development of mobile applications. This paper provides a detailed review and analysis on the use of agile methodologies in the proposed processes associated with mobile application skills and highlights its benefit and constraints. In addition, based on this analysis, future research needs are identified and discussed.
The Average Distance in a Random Graph with Given Expected Degrees

Random graph theory is used to examine the "small-world phenomenon"– any two strangers are connected through a short chain of mutual acquaintances. We will show that for certain families of random graphs with given expected degrees, the average distance is almost surely of order log n/ logd̃ where d̃ is the weighted average of the sum of squares of the expected degrees. Of particular interest are power law random graphs in which the number of vertices of degree k is proportional to 1/k β for some fixed exponent β. For the case of β > 3, we prove that the average distance of the power law graphs is almost surely of order log n/ log d̃. However, many Internet, social, and citation networks are power law graphs with exponents in the range 2 < β < 3 for which the power law random graphs have average distance almost surely of order log log n, but have diameter of order log n (provided having some mild constraints for the average distance and maximum degree). In particular, these graphs contain a dense subgraph, that we call the core, having n c/ log log n vertices. Almost all vertices are within distance log log n of the core although there are vertices at distance log n from the core.
Identification of freeway macroscopic models using information from mobile phones

A method for the identification of a freeway macroscopic model is presented. The model is based on the idea of dividing a freeway trunk in sections covered by the cells of the wireless network and associated with state variables describing density of vehicles, mean velocity, and percentage of active mobile phones. Using the density and hand-off measurements from the cellular network, the parameters of such model are identified via an algorithm based on stochastic approximation. Successful simulation results are reported and discussed
Computational Models of Flow, Sediment Transport and Morphodynamics in Rivers

Models of various kinds have long been essential tools for investigating the dynamics of fluvial systems, providing over a wide range of time and space scales fundamental insights on the coupled interactions between turbulent flows, sediment transport, and themorphodynamic evolution of rivers. From a scientific standpoint, models can effectively help us understand phenomena in nature and investigate the response of rivers subject to varying environmental and anthropogenic forcings. Models are simplified, oftenmathematical, representationsof fundamental conservation lawsofnature. They typically comprise a set of equations or rules with variables that describe the state of the system and contain, either implicitly or explicitly, a definition of the time and length scales that characterize the dynamics in the application of interest. Beyond the predictions they provide, model development in itself provides a creative portal in advancing scientific understanding and explaining key dynamics. Models in general must be tested against measurements. Ideally, since in general neither models nor observations are without errors, this is done iteratively by adapting the equations and solution methods, as well as measurement protocols, such that both parts of the process add to our understanding. Despite advances in computational power and numerical strategies to solve equations, predictions of river flows and sediment dynamics still pose a significant challenge for models of river flows. The large variety and complexity of available simulations do not necessarily mean that our understanding of the essential processes that explain the river dynamics has advanced at the same pace. Even for a “basic” river flow problem, i.e., only water and noncohesive sediment, the challenges are formidable. The main challenges are the intrinsic complexity of turbulent flow, especially under time-varying conditions and over complex boundaries, and the intractability of calculating the sediment flux precisely, even by performing a particle-by-particle force balance. We consider these well known problems in this chapter but we would also like to call attention to one that has received less attention: that of deciding the most appropriate model for a given scientific question. In complex systems such as rivers in which there are many levels of phenomena of interest, some questions may be answered with quite simple – but perhaps unconventional –modeling methods, while others require all the fine detail and resolution that we can muster. In this chapter we review some significant advances in numerical models of fluvial environments, connect the development of models with new insights that have been unveiled by their use, and look at some of the less conventional approaches that have been applied to river behavior. We hope this 1
A knapsack-type cryptographic system using algebraic number rings

The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of NATHAN THOMAS MOYER find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Since the advent of the public-key cryptosystem, the search for a secure and efficient scheme has been ongoing. One such system makes use of the classical knapsack problem to implement security. Though very efficient, this system was shown to be insecure. This paper aims to use the underlying knapsack protocol, without the vulnerabilities of previous systems. To achieve such a result, two methods of constructing privates weights and encoding knapsack messages are posited. The first utilizes a new scheme to uniquely represent integers with recurrence sequences. The second uses specific congruence conditions of the weights to represent messages. Both techniques introduce constraints that cannot be modeled by Basis reduction. Thus eliminating its effectiveness. In order to defend against any other specialty attacks, modular multiplication within an algebraic number ring is established and developed to disguise the private weights. This is ultimately a generalization of the disguising in the Merkle-Hellman system to integers in quadratic, bi-quadratic, and higher dimensional rings. Included in this development are issues of complete residue systems, calculating inverses, and number representations. The analysis of this modular multiplication reveals its immunity from attacks which seek to reverse or undo the disguising.
Occupational asthma due to chrome and nickel electroplating.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to chromium during electroplating is a recognised though poorly characterised cause of occupational asthma. The first series of such patients referred to a specialist occupational lung disease clinic is reported. METHODS: The diagnosis of occupational asthma was made from a history of asthma with rest day improvement and confirmed by specific bronchial provocation testing with potassium dichromate and nickel chloride. RESULTS: Seven workers had been exposed to chrome and nickel fumes from electroplating for eight months to six years before asthma developed. One subject, although exposed for 11 years without symptoms, developed asthma after a single severe exposure during a ventilation failure. This was the only subject who had never smoked. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific bronchial challenges. Two workers had isolated immediate reactions, one a late asthmatic reaction, and four a dual response following exposure to nebulised potassium dichromate at 1-10 mg/ml. Two of the four subjects were also challenged with nebulised nickel chloride at 0.1-10 mg/ml. Two showed isolated late asthmatic reactions, in one at 0.1 mg/ml, where nickel was probably the primary sensitising agent. Four workers carried out two hourly measurements of peak expiratory flow over days at and away from work. All were scored as having occupational asthma using OASYS-2. Breathing zone air monitoring was carried out in 60 workers from four decorative and two hard chrome plating shops from workers with similar jobs to those sensitised. No measurement exceeded the current occupational exposure standard for chromate or nickel, the mean levels of chromate exposure for jobs similar to those of the affected workers were 9-15 micrograms/m3. CONCLUSION: Chrome used in electroplating is a potential cause of occupational asthma. Sensitivity to chrome in electroplaters may occur in situations where exposure levels are likely to be within the current exposure standards. There may be cross reactivity with nickel. Inhalation challenge with nebulised potassium dichromate solution is helpful in making the specific diagnosis where doubt exists.
A New Coregistration Algorithm for Recent Applications on Urban SAR Images

In this letter, a fast and robust optical-flow estimation algorithm is investigated for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images' coregistration. The principle of the initial algorithm is described, as well as its adaptation to the case of radar images. A performance evaluation method is proposed to fix the choice of the parameters of the algorithm. Promising results in change detection or interferometry between SAR images of different resolutions are presented. They offer the opportunity to use this kind of algorithm in the case of high-resolution images containing many structural elements as in urban areas.
Coherent global market simulations for counterparty credit risk

Valuing and hedging counterparty credit risk involves analyzing large portfolios of netting sets over time horizons of decades. Theory dictates that the simulation measure should be coherent, i.e. arbitrage free and be used consistently both for simulation and valuation. This talk describes the mathematical formalism and the software architecture of a risk system that accomplishes this task while delivering a very rich set of 3-dimensional risk metrics to the end user, including portfolio loss distributions and sensitivities thereof. The network communication bottleneck is bypassed by using capable boards with acceleration. The memory bottleneck is overcome at the algorithmic level by adapting the mathematical framework to revolve around a handful of compute bound algorithms.
Joint calibration of an inertial measurement unit and coordinate transformation parameters using a monocular camera

An estimation procedure for calibration of a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU), using a rigidly mounted monocular camera, is presented. The parameters of a sensor model that captures misalignments, scale and offset errors are estimated jointly with the IMU-camera coordinate transformation parameters using a recursive Sigma-Point Kalman Filter. The method requires only a simple visual calibration pattern. A simulation study indicates the filter's ability to reach subcentimeter and subdegree accuracy.
Obesity Is an Important Determinant of Baseline Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentration in Monozygotic Twins, Independent of Genetic Influences

Background—C-reactive protein (CRP) values predict atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Associations between CRP and obesity, predominantly assessed anthropometrically, may partly explain these observations. Previous studies have been unable to control for genetic influences on CRP and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between CRP and accurately measured body fat, lipids, apolipoproteins, blood pressure, and environmental and behavioral factors, independent of genetic influences. Methods and Results—One hundred ninety-four healthy female twins (age 57.2±7 years) were studied after excluding pairs with CRP values >10 mg/L. Total body fat and central abdominal fat (CAF) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. CRP concentration was strongly related to surrogate and direct measures of body fat (r =0.31 to 0.54, P <0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r =0.20, P =0.003), and lipid and apolipoprotein levels (r =0.21 to 0.51, P <0.008). Light-to-moderate alcohol consumers and nonusers of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had lower CRP levels than abstainers and HRT users, respectively. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, CAF, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and HRT use explained 46% of the variance in circulating CRP. In analyses controlling for genetic influences in monozygotic twins, within-pair differences in CRP were associated with within-pair differences in total body fat (r =0.39, P <0.001), CAF (r =0.34, P =0.002), diastolic blood pressure (r =0.24, P =0.03), apolipoprotein AI (r =−0.33, P =0.01), HDL cholesterol (r =−0.42, P =0.001), and triglycerides (r =0.35, P =0.007). Conclusions—CRP was strongly related to total and central abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and lipid levels, independent of genetic influences. These relationships are likely to contribute significantly to prospective associations between CRP and type 2 diabetes and coronary events.
Characterizing Changes in the Rate of Protein-Protein Dissociation upon Interface Mutation Using Hotspot Energy and Organization

Predicting the effects of mutations on the kinetic rate constants of protein-protein interactions is central to both the modeling of complex diseases and the design of effective peptide drug inhibitors. However, while most studies have concentrated on the determination of association rate constants, dissociation rates have received less attention. In this work we take a novel approach by relating the changes in dissociation rates upon mutation to the energetics and architecture of hotspots and hotregions, by performing alanine scans pre- and post-mutation. From these scans, we design a set of descriptors that capture the change in hotspot energy and distribution. The method is benchmarked on 713 kinetically characterized mutations from the SKEMPI database. Our investigations show that, with the use of hotspot descriptors, energies from single-point alanine mutations may be used for the estimation of off-rate mutations to any residue type and also multi-point mutations. A number of machine learning models are built from a combination of molecular and hotspot descriptors, with the best models achieving a Pearson's Correlation Coefficient of 0.79 with experimental off-rates and a Matthew's Correlation Coefficient of 0.6 in the detection of rare stabilizing mutations. Using specialized feature selection models we identify descriptors that are highly specific and, conversely, broadly important to predicting the effects of different classes of mutations, interface regions and complexes. Our results also indicate that the distribution of the critical stability regions across protein-protein interfaces is a function of complex size more strongly than interface area. In addition, mutations at the rim are critical for the stability of small complexes, but consistently harder to characterize. The relationship between hotregion size and the dissociation rate is also investigated and, using hotspot descriptors which model cooperative effects within hotregions, we show how the contribution of hotregions of different sizes, changes under different cooperative effects.
Charge recycling sense amplifier based logic: securing low power security ICs against DPA [differential power analysis]

A charge recycling sense amplifier based logic is presented. This logic is derived from the sense amplifier based logic, which is a logic style with signal independent power consumption. It has been proven previously to protect security devices such as smart cards against power attacks. Experimental results show that the use of advanced circuit techniques, which enable charge recycling and intermediate precharge voltages, saves 20% in power consumption and 63% in peak supply current and that the logic style preserves the energy masking behavior of the sense amplifier based logic.
Clinical Note Creation, Binning, and Artificial Intelligence

The creation of medical notes in software applications poses an intrinsic problem in workflow as the technology inherently intervenes in the processes of collecting and assembling information, as well as the production of a data-driven note that meets both individual and healthcare system requirements. In addition, the note writing applications in currently available electronic health records (EHRs) do not function to support decision making to any substantial degree. We suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) could be utilized to facilitate the workflows of the data collection and assembly processes, as well as to support the development of personalized, yet data-driven assessments and plans.
Intrapartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study

Objective: To identify intrapartum predictors of newborn encephalopathy in term infants. Design: Population based, unmatched case-control study. Setting: Metropolitan area of Western Australia, June 1993 to September 1995. Subjects: All 164 term infants with moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy; 400 randomly selected controls. Main outcome measures: Adjusted odds ratio estimates. Results: The birth prevalence of moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy was 3.8/1000 term live births. The neonatal fatality was 9.1%. Maternal pyrexia (odds ratio 3.82), a persistent occipitoposterior position (4.29), and an acute intrapartum event (4.44) were all risk factors for newborn encephalopathy. More case infants than control infants were induced (41.5% and 30.5%, respectively) and fewer case infants were delivered by caesarean section without labour (3.7% and 14.5%, respectively). Operative vaginal delivery (2.34) and emergency caesarean section (2.17) were both associated with an increased risk. There was an inverse relation between elective caesarean section (0.17) and newborn encephalopathy. After application of a set of consensus criteria for elective caesarean section only three (7%) eligible case mothers compared with 33 (65%) eligible control mothers were sectioned electively. Of all the case infants, 113 (69%) had only antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy identified; 39 (24%) had antepartum and intrapartum factors; eight (5%) had only intrapartum factors; and four (2%) had no recognised antepartum or intrapartum factors. Conclusions: The causes of newborn encephalopathy are heterogeneous and many relate to the antepartum period. Elective caesarean section has an inverse association with newborn encephalopathy. Intrapartum hypoxia alone accounts for only a small proportion of newborn encephalopathy. These results question the view that most risk factors for newborn encephalopathy lie in the intrapartum period.
Bat Rabies in Guatemala

Rabies in bats is considered enzootic throughout the New World, but few comparative data are available for most countries in the region. As part of a larger pathogen detection program, enhanced bat rabies surveillance was conducted in Guatemala, between 2009 and 2011. A total of 672 bats of 31 species were sampled and tested for rabies. The prevalence of rabies virus (RABV) detection among all collected bats was low (0.3%). Viral antigens were detected and infectious virus was isolated from the brains of two common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus). RABV was also isolated from oral swabs, lungs and kidneys of both bats, whereas viral RNA was detected in all of the tissues examined by hemi-nested RT-PCR except for the liver of one bat. Sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene showed that both viruses were 100% identical, whereas sequencing of the glycoprotein gene revealed one non-synonymous substitution (302T,S). The two vampire bat RABV isolates in this study were phylogenetically related to viruses associated with vampire bats in the eastern states of Mexico and El Salvador. Additionally, 7% of sera collected from 398 bats demonstrated RABV neutralizing antibody. The proportion of seropositive bats varied significantly across trophic guilds, suggestive of complex intraspecific compartmentalization of RABV perpetuation.