Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Social Capital, and Cohesion

We review the bourgeoning literature on ethno-racial diversity and its alleged effects on public trust and cohesion in the context of the evolution of the concept of social capital and earlier claims about its manifold positive effects. We present evidence that questions such claims and points to the roots of civicness and trust in deep historical processes associated with race and immigration. We examine the claims that immigration reduces social cohesion by drawing on the sociological classics to show the forms of cohesion that actually keep modern societies together. This leads to a typology that shows “communitarianism” to be just one such form and one not required, and not necessarily ideal, for the smooth operation of complex organizations and institutions. Implications of our conclusions for future research and immigration policy are discussed.
An Integrated Examination of Risk Factors for Repetitive Negative Thought

The two most common forms of repetitive negative thought (RNT) are rumination and worry, which are both repeatedly implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression and anxiety disorders. It is therefore of theoretical and clinical value to understand why people engage in worry and rumination, despite their negative consequences. A variety of vulnerability factors have been implicated, including distal factors relating to personality, abuse, and overcontrolling parenting; and proximal cognitive factors, including abstract processing and perceptions of the function of repetitive thought (RT). The current study provided a cross-sectional examination of these vulnerability factors alongside rumination and worry in a large sample of adults, with reference to a new integrative model of RNT. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated that a model in which neuroticism and emotional abuse were related to RNT via their association with perceptions about the function of RT provided a good fit to the data.
Visualizing Global Properties of Large Complex Networks

For complex biological networks, graphical representations are highly desired for understanding some design principles, but few drawing methods are available that capture topological features of a large and highly heterogeneous network, such as a protein interaction network. Here we propose the circular perspective drawing (CPD) method to visualize global structures of large complex networks. The presented CPD combines the quasi-continuous search (QCS) analogous to the steepest descent method with a random node swapping strategy for an enhanced calculation speed. The CPD depicts a network in an aesthetic manner by showing connection patterns between different parts of the network instead of detailed links between nodes. Global structural features of networks exhibited by CPD provide clues toward a comprehensive understanding of the network organizations. Availability: Software is freely available at http://www.cadlive. jp
Individualism and collectivism as moderators of the association between attachment insecurities, coping, and social support

In two studies, we examined the role of country and individualism and collectivism as moderators of associations between attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) and coping and social support. Study 1 examined the ability of anxiety, avoidance, and country to predict coping and social support variables in Mexico and the US. Anxiety, avoidance, and country had significant effects on coping and social support variables, but there were no significant interactions between the attachment dimensions and country. Study 2 examined the same variables as in Study 1, but also included measures of individualism and collectivism. The results were similar and support the universality of attachment theory but also show that high individualism and low collectivism are associated with stronger relations between attachment dimensions, on one hand, and with diversion coping and perceived social support, perhaps because these variables are related to the most salient aspects of collectivism: duty to one’s group and passive coping.
An Extended Framework for Marginalized Domain Adaptation

We propose an extended framework for marginalized domain adaptation, aimed at addressing unsupervised, supervised and semi-supervised scenarios. We argue that the denoising principle should be extended to explicitly promote domain-invariant features as well as help the classification task. Therefore we propose to jointly learn the data auto-encoders and the target classifiers. First, in order to make the denoised features domain-invariant, we propose a domain regularization that may be either a domain prediction loss or a maximum mean discrepancy between the source and target data. The noise marginalization in this case is reduced to solving the linear matrix system $AX=B$ which has a closed-form solution. Second, in order to help the classification, we include a class regularization term. Adding this component reduces the learning problem to solving a Sylvester linear matrix equation $AX+BX=C$, for which an efficient iterative procedure exists as well. We did an extensive study to assess how these regularization terms improve the baseline performance in the three domain adaptation scenarios and present experimental results on two image and one text benchmark datasets, conventionally used for validating domain adaptation methods. We report our findings and comparison with state-of-the-art methods.
The Convergent, Discriminant, and Incremental Validity of Scores on a Self-Report Measure of Cultural Intelligence

The article reports the results of three studies designed to extend the psychometric analyses of cultural intelligence (CQ) and to examine its utility in the prediction of cross-cultural adaptation. The first study supported the proposed four-factor (Cognitive, Meta-cognitive, Motivational, and Behavioral) structure of CQ in a large sample of international students (N = 346). The second study (N = 118) revealed a strong correlation (r = .82) between CQ and emotional intelligence and failed to support the incremental validity of CQ scores in the prediction of psychological, sociocultural, and academic adaptation in international students. The final study (N = 102) established discriminant validity (r = .04) between scores of CQ and a test of general cognitive ability (Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices) and convergent validity across scores of the CQ and Multicultural Personality Questionnaire subscales; however, CQ scores did not demonstrate additional incremental validity in the prediction of adaptive outcomes. The results are discussed in relation to issues arising from the use of self-report measures for the assessment of cultural intelligence and the utility of the CQ measure in international and intercultural settings.
The Improbable Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to Human: The Missing Link in the Dynamics and Control of Chagas Disease

Chagas disease has a major impact on human health in Latin America and is becoming of global concern due to international migrations. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of the disease, is one of the rare human parasites transmitted by the feces of its vector, as it is unable to reach the salivary gland of the insect. This stercorarian transmission is notoriously poorly understood, despite its crucial role in the ecology and evolution of the pathogen and the disease. The objective of this study was to quantify the probability of T. cruzi vectorial transmission to humans, and to use such an estimate to predict human prevalence from entomological data. We developed several models of T. cruzi transmission to estimate the probability of transmission from vector to host. Using datasets from the literature, we estimated the probability of transmission per contact with an infected triatomine to be 5.8×10−4 (95%CI: [2.6 ; 11.0]×10−4). This estimate was consistent across triatomine species, robust to variations in other parameters, and corresponded to 900–4,000 contacts per case. Our models subsequently allowed predicting human prevalence from vector abundance and infection rate in 7/10 independent datasets covering various triatomine species and epidemiological situations. This low probability of T. cruzi transmission reflected well the complex and unlikely mechanism of transmission via insect feces, and allowed predicting human prevalence from basic entomological data. Although a proof of principle study would now be valuable to validate our models' predictive ability in an even broader range of entomological and ecological settings, our quantitative estimate could allow switching the evaluation of disease risk and vector control program from purely entomological indexes to parasitological measures, as commonly done for other major vector borne diseases. This might lead to different quantitative perspectives as these indexes are well known not to be proportional one to another.
Gestion positive des situations de classe : un modèle de formation en cours d’emploi pour aider les enseignants du primaire à prévenir les comportements difficiles des élèves

Plusieurs auteurs denoncent depuis quelques annees le manque de formation des enseignants pour gerer efficacement les comportements difficiles des eleves. Afin de soutenir la reussite des eleves qui presentent des difficultes de comportement, il s’avere essentiel de developper des modeles de formation en cours d’emploi qui repondent aux besoins des enseignants. Cet article presente le programme de formation a la gestion positive des situations de classe (GPS), specialement concu pour les enseignants du premier cycle du primaire a partir des donnees probantes de recherches dans le domaine. Il vise le developpement des competences professionnelles des enseignants en matiere de gestion de la classe et des comportements difficiles. Les formules pedagogiques proposees ont pour but de soutenir le developpement des croyances d’efficacite personnelle chez les enseignants afin de favoriser l’implantation de pratiques educatives permettant de prevenir les comportements difficiles et de les gerer efficacement en classe.
Pocket SCORM

With advanced technologies, computer devices have become smaller in size but still with powerful computing ability. As a result, there are growing amount of people start to take distance education courses not only by using their PCs but also using mobile devices such as pocket PCs. Because pocket PCs are easy to carry, these devices are considered as a proper platform for distance education. We focus on the issues of transferring the current PC based sharable content object reference model (SCORM) to pocket PC based. We also introduce the prototype version of pocket SCORM run-time environment (RTE) which has been developed in our lab. Proposed pocket SCORM architecture is able to operate, even when the mobile device is physically disconnected from the network, without losing any students' learning record. Collected records are then be sent back to learning management system (LMS), runs at the sever side, after the device is back on on-line.
Game Based Cyber Security Training: are Serious Games suitable for cyber security training?

Security research and training is attracting a lot of investment and interest from governments and the private sector. Most efforts have focused on physical security, while cyber security or digital security has been given less importance. With recent high-profile attacks it has become clear that training in cyber security is needed. Serious Games have the capability to be effective tools for public engagement and behavioural change and role play games, are already used by security professionals. Thus cyber security seems especially well-suited to Serious Games. This paper investigates whether games can be effective cyber security training tools. The study is conducted by means of a structured literature review supplemented with a general web search. While there are early positive indications there is not yet enough evidence to draw any definite conclusions. There is a clear gap in target audience with almost all products and studies targeting the general public and very little attention given to IT professionals and managers. The products and studies also mostly work over a short period, while it is known that short-term interventions are not particularly effective at affecting behavioural change.
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in head and neck tumors

The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in 74 head and neck tumor tissues was examined by the polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis. EBV DNA sequence was detected in all 30 nasopharyngeal-carcinoma tissue samples and in 30 of 44 other head and neck tumor samples. HPV DNA sequence was detected in 14 of 30 nasopharyngeal-carcinoma tissue samples and in 11 of 44 other tumor samples. Coinfection of both viruses was observed in 14 nasopharyngeal-carcinoma tissue samples but only in 5 other head and neck tumor samples including 3 hypopharyngeal-carcinoma tissue samples. Our data indicate that EBV is closely associated with nasopharyngeal- carcinoma and may also be related to hypopharyngeal-carcinoma. In addition, a relatively high percentage of EBV-positive nasopharyngeal- and hypopharyngeal-carcinoma tissue specimens contained HPV sequence. The significance of the coexistence of EBV and HPV in these tumor tissues requires further study.
Strong Claims, Feeble Evidence: A Rejoinder to Falk et al. (2010)

The criticisms of Falk et al. (2010) are addressed, and the question of whether claims made by Falk et al. (2007) are valid is revisited. This rebuttal contends that Falk et al. (2007) misconstrue Popper’s role in philosophy of science and hence do not provide a strong test of their hypothesis. Falk et al. (2010) claim that they never made causal statements about the impact of zoo and aquarium visits in their 2007 study. Yet, this commentary shows that Falk et al. (2007) draw several unsupported, strong causal conclusions. The criticism that primary documents were not used in Marino et al. (2010) is also addressed, as this refutation demonstrates that the analysis was based on all available documents. Finally, this commentary aims, through its criticisms of Falk et al. (2007), to catalyze better-quality research on the effects of zoo and aquarium visits.
Has Improved Hand Hygiene Compliance Reduced the Risk of Hospital-Acquired Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Ontario? Analysis of Publicly Reported Patient Safety Data from 2008 to 2011

Design. Prospective, observational, ecological, time series, cross-sectional study examining the association between hand hygiene compliance (HHC) rates and the incidence of hospital-acquired infections. Setting. Acute care hospitals (N = 166) located in the province of Ontario, Canada. Methods. All data were extracted from the Ontario patient safety indicator database (http://www.hqontario.ca/public-reporting/patient-safety). Complete data were available for 166 acute care hospitals from October 1, 2008, to December 31, 2011. The rates of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) are reported monthly, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia quarterly, and HHC rates yearly. Trends and associations for each indicator were evaluated by ordinary least squares regression (HHC), zero-inflated Poisson regression (MRSA bacteremia), or Poisson regression (CDI). Dependent variables included in the regression analyses were extracted from the same database and included year, healthcare region, and type of hospital (teaching or small or large community). Results. Compared to those in 2008, reported HHC rates improved every year both before and after environment/patient contact (range, 10.6%–25.3%). Compared to those in 2008, there was no corresponding change in the rates of MRSA bacteremia; however, the rates of CDI decreased in 2009 but were not statistically significantly decreased from baseline in either 2010 or 2011. No consistent association was demonstrated between changes in the rates of HHC and these two healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Conclusions. Despite significant improvements in reported rates of HHC among healthcare personnel in Ontario's hospitals, we could not demonstrate a positive ecological impact on rates of these two HAIs.
Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis and improves survival in rat renal allografts.

BACKGROUND Kidneys can be preserved only for a limited time without jeopardizing graft function and survival. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) can protect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, we investigated whether the induction of the HSP, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), improves outcome following isotransplantation after an extended period of cold storage. METHODS Rats were subjected to heat preconditioning (HP; 42 degrees C for 20 minutes). Kidneys harvested after 24 hours, were preserved in cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution at 4 degrees C for 45 hours and transplanted into bilateral nephrectomized rats. Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) was administered in another group of animals in order to induce HO-1 pharmacologically, while other groups of animals received the HO-1 inhibitor, tin protophorphyrine (SnPP), following HP or CoPP. RESULTS Cold ischemia caused a complete attenuation of graft function within 3 days following transplantation and subsequent death of all animals, whereas HP protected graft function and five of nine rats survived for 3 weeks. HP inhibited the induction of osteopontin and induced the expression of HO-1, HSP 70 and 90, and the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-XL. Grafts exposed to HP were protected against structural I/R injuries as revealed by histologic assessment using a semiquantitative score. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis was attenuated and activation of caspase-3 was inhibited. Comparable results were observed after administration of CoPP, whereas SnPP inhibited the effects of HP and CoPP. CONCLUSION HP or administration of CoPP induced both HO-1, preserved kidney graft function, and prevented postreperfusion apoptosis after cold preservation.
Cascading Genetic and Environmental Effects on Development: Implications for Intervention

The developing brain is not a miniature version of the adult brain, but becomes progressively localised and specialised over time, with neural changes playing a crucial role in both typical and atypical developmental trajectories. Since the infant brain starts out highly interconnected, a small difference in the initial state can have multiple cascading effects over developmental time, and lead to very different developmental outcomes. In this chapter, we consider what has been learnt about how the complex interactions between genes and environment impact on development. Whereas the overall six-layer structure of cortex may be under general genetic constraints, much of the microcircuitry of cortex turns out to be the result of complex multilevel interactions between genes and environment over developmental time. After providing empirical examples and discussing a number of theoretical options, we conclude by advocating a Neuroconstructivist approach to the theoretical and practical understanding of neurogenetic disorders as well as to the planning of very early intervention strategies.
Nitric Oxide Negatively Modulates Wound Signaling in Tomato Plants1

Synthesis of proteinase inhibitor I protein in response to wounding in leaves of excised tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants was inhibited by NO donors sodium nitroprusside andS-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine. The inhibition was reversed by supplying the plants with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxiphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. NO also blocked the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and proteinase inhibitor synthesis that was induced by systemin, oligouronides, and jasmonic acid (JA). However, H2O2 generated by glucose oxidase and glucose was not blocked by NO, nor was H2O2-induced proteinase inhibitor synthesis. Although the expression of proteinase inhibitor genes in response to JA was inhibited by NO, the expression of wound signaling-associated genes was not. The inhibition of wound-inducible H2O2 generation and proteinase inhibitor gene expression by NO was not due to an increase in salicylic acid, which is known to inhibit the octadecanoid pathway. Instead, NO appears to be interacting directly with the signaling pathway downstream from JA synthesis, upstream of H2O2synthesis. The results suggest that NO may have a role in down-regulating the expression of wound-inducible defense genes during pathogenesis.
Don't Use 7-segment Displays

Seven segment number displays are ubiquitous and popular. They make economic sense: they are simple, and with only seven on/off segments, they require little wiring and electronics to support. They are cheap to buy and cheap to use; they make seemingly effective products. We show how seven segment may be more or less dependable, and suggest some improvements to standard designs. However, we argue that for dependable domains (healthcare, avionics, etc) and for handheld devices that may be used in dependable domains, seven segment displays should not be used. The paper includes many recommendations for developers and purchasers.
Lost in translation: Why civic online efforts in Britain have failed to engage young women from low socioeconomic backgrounds

Politicians, academia and media are concerned about young people’s apparent disengagement from institutional politics. To address this malaise, politicians have invited young citizens to join the public sphere through civic websites — with mixed results. Among young people in Britain, young women from low socioeconomic status backgrounds are among the least politically engaged. They use new media differently than other groups of young people. This article addresses the responses of these young women to public sector, Internet-based content, and analyses their media use and political participation. It reveals a communicative disjunction between politicians and the young women. The findings suggest that current public sector civic website approaches aimed at young people in general are ineffective in reaching these young women. It is concluded that four factors need to be considered if aiming at creating a public environment that is conducive to voluntary participation and the contribution of these young women. These factors are: (1) technology; (2) public representation; (3) education; (4) media genres and language.
A Survey of Frequency and Voltage Control Ancillary Services—Part II: Economic Features

This two-part paper surveys the frequency and voltage control ancillary services in power systems from various parts of the world. In this second part, essential economic features that must be taken into account when designing markets for ancillary services are first discussed. The methods adopted in eight different systems (Australia, France, Germany, Great Britain, New Zealand, PJM, Spain, and Sweden) for trading frequency and voltage control ancillary services are then compared. Lastly, new indicators for comparing volumes and costs of ancillary services across systems are proposed and calculated for the systems included in this survey. The companion paper surveys the technical features of these ancillary services