Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shelterization Revisited: Some Methodological Dangers of Institutional Studies of the Homeless

This article revisits one of the key discussions that emerged during the homeless crisis of the 1980s and early 1990s, that of "shelterization," or the potentially demoralizing and desocializing effects of congregate emergency housing. Many of the fundamental assumptions underlying Goffman's "total institution" model that drove the shelterization discussion continue to influence research and policy. This model's tendency to abstract shelter life from the surrounding environment, overemphasize the impact of shelters on the behavior of residents, and explain the persistence of homelessness through reference to the psychosocial effects of shelter norms is examined and situated within the confluence of the growth of a shelter system in New York City in the 1980s, the expansion of federal funding through the 1987 McKinney Act, and the shared experience of researchers projecting and generalizing on their own experiences working in shelters. Examination of some of the methodological, theoretical, and political p.
A Quantitative Approach to Sequence and Image Weighting

Weighting is the term most frequently used to describe magnetic resonance pulse sequences and the concept most commonly used to relate image contrast to differences in magnetic resonance tissue properties. It is generally used in a qualitative sense with the single tissue property thought to be most responsible for the contrast used to describe the weighting of the image as a whole. This article describes a quantitative approach for understanding the weighting of sequences and images, using filters and partial derivatives of signal with respect to logarithms of tissue property values. Univariate and multivariate models are described for several pulse sequences including methods for maximizing weighting and calculating both sequence and image weighting ratios. The approach provides insights into difficulties associated with qualitative use of the concept of weighting and a quantitative basis for assessing the signal, contrast, and weighting of commonly used sequences and images.
Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia

Background. We tested the hypothesis that schizophrenia is primarily a frontostriatal disorder by examining executive function in first-episode patients. Previous studies have shown either equal decrements in many cognitive domains or specific deficits in memory. Such studies have grouped test results or have used few executive measures, thus, possibly losing information. We, therefore, measured a range of executive ability with tests known to be sensitive to frontal lobe function. Methods. Thirty first-episode schizophrenic patients and 30 normal volunteers, matched for age and NART IQ, were tested on computerized test of planning, spatial working memory and attentional set shifting from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery. Computerized and traditional tests of memory were also administered for comparison. Results. Patients were worse on all tests but the profile was non-uniform. A componential analysis indicated that the patients were characterized by a poor ability to think ahead and organize responses but an intact ability to switch attention and inhibit prepotent responses. Patients also demonstrated poor memory, especially for free recall of a story and associate learning of unrelated word pairs. Conclusions. In contradistinction to previous studies, schizophrenic patients do have profound executive impairments at the beginning of the illness. However, these concern planning and strategy use rather than attentional set shifting, which is generally unimpaired. Previous findings in more chronic patients, of severe attentional set shifting impairment, suggest that executive cognitive deficits are progressive during the course of schizophrenia. The finding of severe mnemonic impairment at first episode suggests that cognitive deficits are not restricted to one cognitive domain.
New dramas for the theatre state: The shifting roles of ideological power sources in Balinese polities

Geertz describes nineteenth-century Balinese states existing for and because of ceremony - an incomplete portrayal nonetheless pointing up the importance of ideology as a source of social power. But Bali has not been static; power strategies alter to fit a changing landscape of control opportunities shaped by multiple interacting ecological, economic, social and perceptual systems. Village-level institutions make ideological statements, as do states. Examining textual, ethnographic and archaeological evidence of power strategy changes over the last millennium provides an opportunity to discuss the causes and impacts of specific ideological messages being materialized in specific ways. As its focal case, this paper examines ideological uses made of the Inscription of Manukaya at two different points in time. This stone demonstrates the co-option of forms and traditions: carved to serve the ideological aims of a king, it is now integrated into ceremonies asserting the autonomy and solidarity of local groups.
Multi-Layer Packet Classification with Graphics Processing Units

The rapid growth of server virtualization has ignited a wide adoption of software-based virtual switches, with significant interest in speeding up their performance. In a similar trend, software-defined networking (SDN), with its strong reliance on rule-based flow classification, has also created renewed interest in multi-dimensional packet classification. However, despite these recent advances, the performance of current software-based packet classifiers is still limited, mostly by the low parallelism of general-purpose CPUs. In this paper, we explore how to accelerate packet classification using the high parallelism and latency-hiding capabilities of graphic processing units (GPUs). We implement GPU-accelerated versions for both linear and tuple search, currently deployed in virtual switches, and also introduce a novel algorithm called Bloom search. These algorithms are integrated with high-speed packet I/O to build GSwitch, a GPU-accelerated software switch. Our experimental evaluation shows that GSwitch is at least 7x faster than an equally-priced CPU classifier and is able to reach 10 Gbps with minimum-sized packets and a rule set containing 128K OpenFlow entries with 512 different wildcard patterns.
Adhesion of Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes to Fibronectin or Laminin Modifies Tubulin and Paraflagellar Rod Protein Phosphorylation

Background The unicellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagaś disease in humans. Adherence of the infective stage to elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as laminin and fibronectin, is an essential step in host cell invasion. Although members of the gp85/TS, as Tc85, were identified as laminin and fibronectin ligands, the signaling events triggered on the parasite upon binding to these molecules are largely unexplored. Methodology/Principal Findings Viable infective parasites were incubated with laminin, fibronectin or bovine serum albumin for different periods of time and the proteins were separated by bidimensional gels. The phosphoproteins were envisaged by specific staining and the spots showing phosphorylation levels significantly different from the control were excised and identified by MS/MS. The results of interest were confirmed by immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation and the localization of proteins in the parasite was determined by immunofluorescence. Using a host cell-free system, our data indicate that the phosphorylation contents of T. cruzi proteins encompassing different cellular functions are modified upon incubation of the parasite with fibronectin or laminin. Conclusions/Significance Herein it is shown, for the first time, that paraflagellar rod proteins and α-tubulin, major structural elements of the parasite cytoskeleton, are predominantly dephosphorylated during the process, probably involving the ERK1/2 pathway. It is well established that T. cruzi binds to ECM elements during the cell infection process. The fact that laminin and fibronectin induce predominantly dephosphorylation of the main cytoskeletal proteins of the parasite suggests a possible correlation between cytoskeletal modifications and the ability of the parasite to internalize into host cells.
Network Working Group

Many HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol) requests cause the retrieval of slightly modified instances of resources for which the client already has a cache entry. Research has shown that such modifying updates are frequent, and that the modifications are typically much smaller than the actual entity. In such cases, HTTP would make more efficient use of network bandwidth if it could transfer a minimal description of the changes, rather than the entire new instance of the resource. This is called "delta encoding. "
$S$-Parameter Extraction on Coupling Between DR and GCPW

This letter presents that coupling characteristics between a cylindrical TE01delta mode dielectric resonator (DR) and a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) have been examined in terms of S-parameters. The investigation of finite element method simulation (HFSS) agrees well with the measurement results. Unloaded Q values of the DR coupled with three uniform CPWs are compared with those of the DR coupled with microstrip line. The comparison shows that the DR coupled with the GCPW has the highest unloaded Q
Reducing Juvenile Detention Rates or Expanding the Official Control Nets: An Evaluation of a Legislative Reform Effort

Reform-oriented laws in the area of juvenile justice, despite their specific intent, generally have negative as well as positive potential. Changes in law designed to reduce the juvenile population under state control are a case in point. Research shows that the effect of such laws often is to increase rather than decrease the number of juveniles subject to official control. When the effect of a law designed to reduce the population of juveniles under state control is to cause that population to increase, it is commonly called “net widening. ” The present study examines a recent change in Florida's juvenile detention law that was designed, in part, to reduce overcrowding in the state's secure detention facilities.
An Automatic Face Identification System Using Flexible Appearance Models

We describe the use of flexible models for representing the shape and grey-level appearance of human faces. These models are controlled by a small number of parameters which can be used to code the overall appearance of a face for image compression and classification purposes. The model parameters control both inter-class and within-class variation. Discriminant analysis techniques are employed to enhance the effect of those parameters affecting inter-class variation, which are useful for classification. We have performed experiments on face coding and reconstruction and automatic face identification. Good recognition rates are obtained even when significant variation in lighting, expression and 3D viewpoint, is allowed. Human faces display significant variation in appearance due to changes in expression, 3D orientation, lighting conditions, hairstyles and so on. A successful automatic face identification system should be capable of suppressing the effect of these factors allowing any face image to be rendered expression-free with standardised 3D orientation and lighting. We describe how the variations in shape and grey-level appearance in face images can be modelled, and present results for a fully automatic face identification system which tolerates changes in expression, viewpoint and lighting.
Left Atrial Appendage Closure: Initial Experience with the Watchman Device

We herein present the first left atrial appendage (LAA) percutaneous closure procedure performed in our Institution with use of the Watchman device in an 82-year old woman with atrial fibrillation, unable to continue receiving anticoagulation therapy due to bleeding complications. A propos with this case, we discuss the data related to this therapeutic approach geared to prevent thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindications to treatment with anticoagulants.
Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients with Severe Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension with Acute Right Heart Failure

Background: Renal replacement therapy has been suggested as a therapeutic option in the setting of acute right ventricular failure in patients with severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension. However, there are few data supporting this strategy. Objectives: To describe the clinical course and the prognosis of pulmonary hypertensive patients undergoing renal replacement therapy in the setting of acute right heart failure. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study over an 11-year period. Data were collected from all patients with chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension requiring catecholamine infusions for clinical worsening and acute kidney injury that necessitated renal replacement therapy. Results: Fourteen patients were included. At admission, patients had a blood urea of 28.2 mmol/l (22.3-41.2), a creatinine level of 496 µmol/l (304-590), and a mean urine output in the 24 h preceding hospitalization of 200 ml (0-650). Sixty-eight renal replacement therapy sessions were performed, 36 of which were continuous and 32 of which were intermittent. Systemic hypotension occurred in 16/32 intermittent and 16/36 continuous sessions (p = 0.9). Two patients died during a continuous session. The intensive care unit-related, 1-, and 3-month mortality was 46.7, 66.7, and 73.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Renal replacement therapy is feasible in the setting of acute right ventricular failure in patients with severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension but is associated with a poor prognosis. The best modality and timing in this population remain to be defined.
Critical Thinking and Subject Specificity: A Reply to Ennis

Robert Ennis' recentEducational Researcher article (1989) helps to clarify the troublesome notion of subject specificity in the growing literature on critical thinking. It brings a welcome breath of fresh air to a set of questions that has vexed research efforts and educational programs that attempt to promote critical thinking. In calling for clarification on this matter, Ennis has also raised the level of discussion about the meaning of the terms subjects, domains, and even psychological transfer. No longer can we simply gloss over questions about the precise scope and limits of the putative skills that various critical thinking programs are alleged to promote. The recent paper in this journal by Perkins and Salomon (1989) also provides a useful historical overview of just how vexing this problem has been over the past 30 years. This article both replies to Ennis and continues the discussion.
Peacekeeping Effects in South America: Common Experiences and Divergent Effects on Civil–Military Relations

Participation in UN peace operations has increased differences in civil–military relations in South America. Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay have internalized and implemented divergent defence policies, even as they have increased their troop contributions and been involved in similar or identical peacekeeping missions. This is caused not only by the fact that these countries have very different motivations for participating in peace operations; they have also drawn very different lessons from their exposure to peacekeeping.
Fast and Accurate TLM Computation Model Generation Using Source-Level Timing Annotation

─While Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) approach is widely adopted now for system modeling and simulation speed improvement, timing estimation accuracy often is compromised. To have reliable and accurate estimation results at system level, this paper proposes a timing annotation method for accurate TLM computation model generation considering processor architecture with pipeline and cache structures, which are challenging but critical to accurate timing estimation. The experiments show that our results are within 2% of cycle accurate results and the approach is three orders faster than conventional ISS approaches.
DIETOS: A Recommender System for Health Profiling and Diet Management in Chronic Diseases

Currently, there is a lack of food recommender systems able to provide high quality nutritional advices to both healthy and diet-related chronic diseases users, eventually exploiting typical regional foods. We present DIETOS (DIET Organizer System), a recommender sys-tem for the adaptive delivery of nutrition contents to both healthy subjects and patients with diet-related chronic diseases, including Chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension and diabetes. DIETOS builds health profiles of users and provides individual nutritional recommendation. Health profiling is based on user answers to dynamic real-time medical questionnaires, while food recommendation is extracted from the DIETOS catalogue. The catalogue contains typical foods from Calabria, a southern Italian region, because of their beneficial properties. For each food, nutrition facts, and indication or counter-indication for several chronic diseases are reported. DIETOS includes some well known methods for user profiling (overlay profiling) and content adaptation (content selection) coming from general purpose adaptive web systems. A prelimi-nary version (for review purpose only) of DIETOS is available at http://www.easyanalysis. it/dietos.
Children's Internet Use in a Family Context: Influence on Family Relationships and Parental Mediation

We conducted a survey of 222 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade Korean children to examine (a) whether children's Internet use influences declines in family time and family communication and (b) how parental mediation techniques are related to children's online activities. According to the findings, total time using the Internet was related to perceived declines in family time but not related to family communication. The influence of the Internet on family time and family communication differed by the type of children's online activities. The analysis of the relationship between parental mediation techniques and children's online activities indicated that parents' recommendation of useful Web sites and co-using were positively related to frequency of children's educational online activities. However, parental restrictions on time and Web sites did not alter children's actual Internet usage.
SsgA‐like proteins determine the fate of peptidoglycan during sporulation of Streptomyces coelicolor

During developmental cell division in sporulation‐committed aerial hyphae of streptomycetes, up to a hundred septa are simultaneously produced, in close harmony with synchromous chromosome condensation and segregation. Several unique protein families are involved in the control of this process in actinomycetes, including that of the SsgA‐like proteins (SALPs). Mutants for each of the individual SALP genes were obtained, and high‐resolution and fluorescence imaging revealed that each plays an important and highly specific role in the control of the sporulation process, and their function relates to the build‐up and degradation of septal and spore‐wall peptidoglycan. While SsgA and SsgB are essential for sporulation‐specific cell division in Streptomyces coelicolor, SsgC–G are responsible for correct DNA segregation/condensation (SsgC), spore wall synthesis (SsgD), autolytic spore separation (SsgE, SsgF) or exact septum localization (SsgG). Our experiments paint a picture of a novel protein family that acts through timing and localization of the activity of penicillin‐binding proteins and autolysins, thus controlling important steps during the initiation and the completion of sporulation in actinomycetes.
Understanding intercultural facework behaviours

Abstract Researchers use the expression ‘facework’ to conceptualise interaction behaviour. When people from different cultures interact, they assume that the other party also thinks and behaves in the same way as they do; nevertheless people think and behave according to their own cultural norms and values. It is important to understand these differences to effectively communicate with each other. Researchers use Hofstede's four cultural dimensions and Hall's communication distinction to explain facework. To fully understand intercultural facework behaviour one has to go beyond these dimensions and analyse what other factors may fully explain these differences. This paper suggests that age, gender, spirituality, educational level, social and economic status are among these other factors that fully explain these differences in intercultural facework behaviours.
Title Medium access control with physical-layer-assisted linkdifferentiation

In this paper, we develop medium access control (MAC) schemes for both contention and contention-free accesses over wireless local area networks and give performance analysis of these MAC protocols. User detection and multirate adaptation (MRA) modules are proposed in the physical layer (PHY) to assist link differentiation. With these two modules, for contention accesses, a new distributed queuing MAC protocol (PALD-DQMP) is proposed. Based on different users’ channel states, PALD-DQMP makes use of a distributed queuing system to schedule transmissions. To support multimedia transmissions, an enhanced PALD-DQMP (E-PALD-DQMP) is designed by providing two-level optimized transmission scheduling for four access categories, thus eliminating both external and internal collisions among mobile stations. For contention-free accesses, based on the same PHY-assisted link differentiation provided by the two modules, a new multipolling MAC protocol (PALD-MPMP) is proposed, which not only reduces the polling overhead but also prioritizes transmissions according to their delay requirements. Performance analysis and simulation results show that our proposed protocols outperform the standard MAC protocols for both delay-sensitive and best-effort traffics. All these improvements are mainly attributed to the awareness of cross-layer channel state information and the consequent MRA scheme.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.
Sharp oracle bounds for monotone and convex regression through aggregation

We derive oracle inequalities for the problems of isotonic and convex regression using the combination of $Q$-aggregation procedure and sparsity pattern aggregation. This improves upon the previous results including the oracle inequalities for the constrained least squares estimator. One of the improvements is that our oracle inequalities are sharp, i.e., with leading constant 1. It allows us to obtain bounds for the minimax regret thus accounting for model misspecification, which was not possible based on the previous results. Another improvement is that we obtain oracle inequalities both with high probability and in expectation.