Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parental Oral Health Literacy of children with severe early childhood caries in

Aim To assess the parental oral health literacy of children with severe early childhood caries. Methods A total of 315 children diagnosed with severe early childhood caries, and their parents were recruited to participate in the study. A clinical examination was conducted to assess the children’s oral health status. Their parents were asked to complete a Hong Kong Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (HKOHLAT-P) questionnaire. Results There were 311 complete responses (98.7% response rate). The mean age of children was 4.7 years (standard deviation (SD) =0.8). The mean decayed, missing filled teeth (dmft) score was 10.2 (SD = 4.5). Most of the children had unfilled dental caries (98.7%). About 72.7% of the parents had an education level of up to secondary school. More than half (61.7%) had a monthly family income of below HKD 20,000. Parents with a lower education level and income had a significantly lower HKOHLAT-P score (p<0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that a higher family income (p<0.05) and education level (p<0.05) predicted higher HKOHLAT-P scores. Conclusion The parental oral health literacy of children with severe early childhood caries was associated with their socio-economic background. Oral health education should be targeted towards the lower socio-economic groups. Parental Oral Health Literacy of children with severe early childhood caries in Hong Kong
Transcribing a 17th-century botanical manuscript: Longitudinal evaluation of document layout detection and interactive transcription

We present a process for cost-effective transcription of cursive handwritten text images that has been tested on a 1 000 pages 17th century book about botanical species. The process comprised two main tasks, namely: (1) preprocessing: page layout analysis, text line detection, and extraction; and (2) transcription of the extracted text line images. Both tasks were carried out with semiautomatic procedures, aimed at incrementally minimizing user correction effort, by means of computer-assisted line detection and interactive handwritten text recognition technologies. The contribution derived from this work is three-fold. First, we provide a detailed humansupervised transcription of a relatively large historical handwritten book, ready to be searchable, indexable, and accessible to cultural heritage scholars as well as the general public. Second, we have conducted the first longitudinal study to date on interactive handwriting text recognition, for which we provide a very comprehensive user assessment of the real-world performance of the technologies involved in this work. Third, as a result of this process, we have produced a detailed transcription and document layout information (i.e., high-quality labeled data) ready to be used by researchers working on automated technologies for document analysis and recognition.
Process behavior and stability in short circuit gas metal arc welding

In this paper, the results of an investigation dealing with short circuit gas metal arc welding with the emphasis on process stability are presented. Welding runs were made under different conditions and, during each run, the different process parameters were continuously monitored. It was found that maximum process stability is reached under specific welding conditions. Outside this maximum, either irregular material transfer takes place with a tendency for open arc droplet transfer or stubbing of the welding wire in the weld pool starts to occur, accompanied by highly irregular melt-off behavior. The results show that process stability is directly related to weld pool oscillation. More specifically, it appears that process stability is maximum when the short circuit frequency equals the oscillation frequency of the weld pool. Under these conditions, the weld pool touches the droplet at the end of the electrode at every oscillation, which results in regular droplet transfer and high stability of the overall welding process.
Trypanosome REH1 is an RNA helicase involved with the 3′–5′ polarity of multiple gRNA-guided uridine insertion/deletion RNA editing

Uridine insertion/deletion RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria corrects encoded frameshifts in mRNAs. The genetic information for editing resides in small guide RNAs (gRNAs), which form anchor duplexes just downstream of an editing site and mediate editing within a single editing “block. ” Many mRNAs require multiple gRNAs; the observed overall 3′ to 5′ polarity of editing is determined by the formation of upstream mRNA anchors by downstream editing. Hel61, a mitochondrial DEAD-box protein, was previously shown to be involved in RNA editing, but the functional role was not clear. Here we report that down-regulation of Hel61 [renamed REH1 (RNA editing helicase 1)] expression in Trypanosoma brucei selectively affects editing mediated by two or more overlapping gRNAs but has no effect on editing within a single block. Down-regulation produces an increased abundance of the gRNA/edited mRNA duplex for the first editing block of the A6 mRNA. Recombinant REH1 has an ATP-dependent double strand RNA unwinding activity in vitro with a model gRNA-mRNA duplex. These data indicate that REH1 is involved in gRNA displacement either directly by unwinding the gRNA/edited mRNA duplex or indirectly, to allow the 5′ adjacent upstream gRNA to form an anchor duplex with the edited mRNA to initiate another block of editing. Purified tagged REH1 is associated with the RNA editing core complex by RNA linkers and a colocalization of REH1, REL1, and two kinetoplast ribosomal proteins with the kinetoplast DNA was observed by immunofluorescence, suggesting that editing, transcription, and translation may be functionally linked.
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Prone maximal restraint position (PMRP, also known as hogtie or hobble) is often used by law enforcement and prehospital personnel on violent combative individuals in the field setting. Weight force is often applied to the restrained individual’s back and torso during the restraint process. We sought to determine the effect of 25 and 50 lbs weight force on respiratory function in human subject volunteers placed in the PMRP. We performed a randomized, cross-over, controlled trial on 10 subjects placed in 4 positions for 5 minutes each: sitting, PRMP, PRMP with 25 lbs weight force (PMRP 25), and PRMP with 50 lbs weight force placed on the back (PMRP 50). We measure pulse oximetry, end-tidal CO2 levels, and forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). FVC and FEV1 were significantly lower in all restraint positions compared with sitting but not significantly different between restraint positions with and without weight force. Moreover, mean oxygen saturation levels were above 95% and mean end-tidal CO2 levels were below 45 mm Hg for all positions. We conclude that PMRP with and without 25 and 50 lbs of weight force resulted in a restrictive pulmonary function pattern but no evidence of hypoxia or hypoventilation.
Bio-effectiveness of the main flavonoids of Achillea millefolium in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders- a review

The Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow) is a common herb which is widely being used, worldwide. Achillea is being used for treatment of many disorders since centuries. It is considered safe for supplemental use and flavonoids such as kaempferol, luteolin and apigenin are of main constituents present in Achillea. Most of both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of this herb have been attributed to its flavonoid content. Oxidative and inflammatory processes play important roles in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Present review was aimed to review the latest literature evidences regarding application of Achillea and/or its three main flavonoid constituents on epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and stroke.
In vivo real-time rectal wall dosimetry for prostate radiotherapy

Rectal balloons are used in external beam prostate radiotherapy to provide reproducible anatomy and rectal dose reductions. This is an investigation into the combination of a MOSFET radiation detector with a rectal balloon for real-time in vivo rectal wall dosimetry. The MOSFET used in the study is a radiation detector that provides a water equivalent depth of measurement of 70 µm. Two MOSFETs were combined in a face-to-face orientation. The reproducibility, sensitivity and angular dependence were measured for the dual MOSFET in a 6 MV photon beam. The dual MOSFET was combined with a rectal balloon and irradiated with hypothetical prostate treatments in a phantom. The anterior rectal wall dose was measured in real time and compared with the planning system calculated dose. The dual MOSFET showed angular dependence within ±2.5% in the azimuth and +2.5%/−4% in the polar axes. When compared with an ion chamber measurement in a phantom, the dual MOSFET agreed within 2.5% for a range of radiation path lengths and incident angles. The dual MOSFET had reproducible sensitivity for fraction sizes of 2–10 Gy. For the hypothetical prostate treatments the measured anterior rectal wall dose was 2.6 and 3.2% lower than the calculated dose for 3DCRT and IMRT plans. This was expected due to limitations of the dose calculation method used at the balloon cavity interface. A dual MOSFET combined with a commercial rectal balloon was shown to provide reproducible measurements of the anterior rectal wall dose in real time. The measured anterior rectal wall dose agreed with the expected dose from the treatment plan for 3DCRT and IMRT plans. The dual MOSFET could be read out in real time during the irradiation, providing the capability for real-time dose monitoring of the rectal wall dose during treatment.
An Evaluation of the Physiological Demands of Elite Rugby Union Using Global Positioning System Tracking Software

Cunniffe, B, Proctor, W, Baker, JS, and Davies, B. An evaluation of the physiological demands of elite rugby union using GPS tracking software. J Strength Cond Res 23(4): 1195-1203, 2009-The current case study attempted to document the contemporary demands of elite rugby union. Players (n = 2) were tracked continuously during a competitive team selection game using Global Positioning System (GPS) software. Data revealed that players covered on average 6,953 m during play (83 minutes). Of this distance, 37% (2,800 m) was spent standing and walking, 27% (1,900 m) jogging, 10% (700 m) cruising, 14% (990 m) striding, 5% (320 m) high-intensity running, and 6% (420 m) sprinting. Greater running distances were observed for both players (6.7% back; 10% forward) in the second half of the game. Positional data revealed that the back performed a greater number of sprints (>20 km·h−1) than the forward (34 vs. 19) during the game. Conversely, the forward entered the lower speed zone (6-12 km·h−1) on a greater number of occasions than the back (315 vs. 229) but spent less time standing and walking (66.5 vs. 77.8%). Players were found to perform 87 moderate-intensity runs (>14 km·h−1) covering an average distance of 19.7 m (SD = 14.6). Average distances of 15.3 m (back) and 17.3 m (forward) were recorded for each sprint burst (>20 km·h−1), respectively. Players exercised at ∼80 to 85% &OV0312;o2max during the course of the game with a mean heart rate of 172 b·min−1 (∼88% HRmax). This corresponded to an estimated energy expenditure of 6.9 and 8.2 MJ, back and forward, respectively. The current study provides insight into the intense and physical nature of elite rugby using “on the field” assessment of physical exertion. Future use of this technology may help practitioners in design and implementation of individual position-specific training programs with appropriate management of player exercise load.
Oral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment for Dry Eye in Contact Lens Wearers

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation on dry eye symptoms, tear film tests, and conjunctival impression cytology in patients with contact lens wear–associated dry eye. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, multicentric trial, contact lens wearers (n = 496) were randomized to receive either O3FAs or placebo capsules (corn oil) twice daily for 6 months. Subjects underwent examinations at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. At each visit, a questionnaire of dry eye symptoms and lens wear comfort was administered. Subjects further underwent measurement of tear film break-up time (TBUT) and a Schirmer test. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed by the transfer method. Improvement in symptoms and lens wear comfort were primary outcome measures. Changes from baseline in TBUT, Schirmer, and Nelson grade at 6 months were secondary outcome measures. Results: The mean improvement in symptom score in the O3FA group was 4.7 ± 2 (2.0) as compared with 0.5 ± 2 (0.9) in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). Lens wear comfort levels improved significantly (P < 0.0001) from baseline. There was a significant increase in TBUT [3.3 ± 2 (1.5)] and Nelson grade [0.7 ± 2 (0.6)] in the O3FA group (P < 0.0001) as compared with 0.3 ± 2 (0.6) and 0.1 ± 2 (0.4) in the placebo group (P = 0.164 and 0.094, respectively). However, the magnitude of increase in Schirmer score [2.0 ± 2 (1.5)] was relatively small (P = 0.08). Conclusions: The results of this study point toward benefits of orally administered O3FAs in alleviating dry eye symptoms, improving lens wear comfort, and cytological changes in contact lens wearers.
An FLOM based signal detection approach under middleton class a noise

Receiver design for practical implementation is an issue worthy of study. Among various noise models, Middleton Class A noise is one of the most widely investigated one which well matches the physical channel of wireless communications. The optimal receiver has a complex and non-reducible structure which makes the optimal receiver unimplementable, due to the weighted infinite sum of Gaussian distributions with different parameters in the probability density function (pdf) of the noise. Although several receivers based on Locally Optimal Detector (LOD) have been proposed and they can achieve a good performance under small signal assumption, the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance will drastically degrade with the signal power getting high. In this paper, we propose a Fractional Lower Order Moments (FLOM) based detector under Middleton Class A noise as an implementable detector. For evaluating the performance, the analytical expressions of the BER are derived. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that our proposed detector achieves a satisfactory performance.
Performance analysis of NOMA for multiple-antenna relaying networks with energy harvesting over Nakagami-m fading channels

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been considered as a promising technology for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system owing to its higher spectrum efficiency over conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In addition, energy harvesting (EH), which can significantly improve energy efficiency, has attracted lots of attention. In this paper, a downlink NOMA-based EH (NOMA-EH) multiple antenna decode-and-forward (DF) relaying network is investigated over Nakagami-m fading channels. Transmit antenna selection (TAS) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) are adopted at the source and users, respectively. The exact closed-form expression in terms of outage probability is derived. As a comparison, we also obtain the exact outage expression of the OMA-based EH (OMA-EH) system. Furthermore, the system throughput of NOMA-EH is studied as well as that of OMA-EH. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the advantage of NOMA-EH are validated by simulation results.
Nitric Oxide Fumigation for Control of Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Strawberries

Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) fumigation was conducted to determine the efficacy of controlling spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in strawberries and the effects on postharvest quality of strawberries under ultralow oxygen conditions at 2°C. Eight-hour fumigations with 1.0 and 3.0% NO were tested against different life stages of the insect to determine an effective treatment, and a 16-h fumigation was tested to determine the impact on strawberry quality. Complete control of eggs and larvae in strawberries was achieved in an 8-h fumigation with 3.0% NO, and the treatment achieved 98.8% mortality of pupae. The first and second instars were more susceptible to NO and were completely controlled with 1.0% NO fumigation.The 16-h fumigation treatment with 3.0% NO had no negative impact on strawberry quality as there were no significant differences from the control in berry damage score. The NO fumigation, however, significantly reduced mold 2 wk after fumigation, indicating that NO fumigation had potential to preserve strawberry quality. The results of this study demonstrated that NO fumigation is effective for control of SWD and safe to strawberries, and therefore, NO fumigation has potential to control SWD on harvested strawberries.
Women are more sensitive than men to prior trial events on the Stop-signal task.

Sexual dimorphism in the brain and cognition is a topic of widespread interest. Many studies of sex differences have focused on visuospatial and verbal abilities, but few studies have investigated sex differences in executive functions. We examined two key components of executive function - response inhibition and response monitoring - in healthy men (n = 285) and women (n = 346) performing the Stop-signal task. In this task, participants are required to make a key press to a stimulus, unless a tone is presented at some delay following the initial stimulus presentation; on these infrequent trials, participants are instructed to inhibit their planned response. Response inhibition was assessed with an estimate of the latency needed to inhibit a response (stop-signal reaction time), and response monitoring was measured by calculating the degree to which participants adjusted their reaction times based on the immediately preceding trial (e.g., speeding following correct trials and slowing following errors). There were no sex differences in overall accuracy or response inhibition, but women showed greater sensitivity to trial history. Women sped up more than men following correct 'Go' trials, and slowed down more than men following errors. These small but statistically significant effects (Cohen's d = 0.25-0.3) suggest more flexible adjustments in speed-accuracy trade-offs in women and greater cognitive flexibility associated with the responsive control of action.
Hydrogen Bonding Barrier‐Crossing Dynamics at Biomimicking Surfaces

Water has anomalous properties that emanate from its hydrogen-bond-induced structure. Most of the unique properties ofwater are related to the network of strong three-dimensional hydrogen bonds that interconnect the water molecules [1, 2]. According to Stillinger [3], water has a preferential three-dimensional tetrahedral structure containing a few free or single-bonded water molecules. A simulation study [4] challenges this concept and reports some distorted hydrogen-bonded structure in which one hydrogen atom is attached with two oxygen atoms, and these bifurcated bonds play a central role in themolecularmobility in the liquid state by lowering the Gibbs energy barrier of diffusion. In pure water, hydrogen bonds have a lifetime of about 1 ps. Defects in this hydrogen-bonded network seem to produce very short-lived hydrogen bonds (<200 fs) [5]. In biological interfaces, however, certain water molecules in the hydration shell have dynamics very different from that of bulk water, with a residence time of up to 100 ps [6, 7]. In proteins, the internal water molecules exchange with external water molecules typically on a timescale of 0.1–10 ms [8–10]. Hydrogen bonds are in a continuous process of breaking and reformation, with a continuous change in hydrogen bond length and strength. Pure liquid water represents a disordered ensemble of highly polar molecules linked through a fluctuating network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds on femtosecond to picosecond timescales, as shown by the pioneering work by Elsaesser et al. [11–13], Wiersma et al. [14, 15], Voehringer et al. [16], Fayer et al. [17], Tokmakoff et al. [18], using ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulation studies, and Bakker et al. [19, 20], using time-resolved pump–probe laser spectroscopy measurements. The slowest component of the fluctuations is associated with the globular structural rearrangement of the hydrogen bond
Positioning, tracking and mapping for outdoor augmentation

This paper presents a novel approach for user positioning, robust tracking and online 3D mapping for outdoor augmented reality applications. As coarse user pose obtained from GPS and orientation sensors is not sufficient for augmented reality applications, sub-meter accurate user pose is then estimated by a one-step silhouette matching approach. Silhouette matching of the rendered 3D model and camera data is carried out with shape context descriptors as they are invariant to translation, scale and rotational errors, giving rise to a non-iterative registration approach. Once the user is correctly positioned, further tracking is carried out with camera data alone. Drifts associated with vision based approaches are minimized by combining different feature modalities. Robust visual tracking is maintained by fusing frame-to-frame and model-to-frame feature matches. Frame-to-frame tracking is accomplished with corner matching while edges are used for model-to-frame registration. Results from individual feature tracker are fused using a pose estimate obtained from an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a weighted M-estimator. In scenarios where dense 3D models of the environment are not available, online 3D incremental mapping and tracking is proposed to track the user in unprepared environments. Incremental mapping prepares the 3D point cloud of the outdoor environment for tracking.
The SIM card as an enabler for security, privacy, and trust in mobile services

The paper describes an architecture for mobile services where the SIM card is integrated for providing basic services related to security, privacy, and trust. The presented work is part of a cooperative research initiative aiming at an open architecture for mobile services. Nowadays, the security of mobile networks is mainly established through the SIM card. It provides an identity and can be used for authentication. Moreover, the SIM includes secure tamper-proof storage capabilities as well as cryptographic modules required for basic functions like signing, and ciphering. Consequently, in our architecture for mobile services, the SIM has also the role of a security token providing basic security related services. The SIM is integrated in the architecture using standard internet protocols. A web server on the card enables the exchange of data with the mobile device through HTTP. Moreover, a servlet architecture on the card allows for the provisioning of SIM services with an interface similar to that of WEB services. An important issue within the open and heterogeneous infrastructures for future mobile services is support for identification, evaluation, and rating of service offers. As an example for a SIM based service, we therefore propose a trust management service. The service is designed following the ideas of a web of trust infrastructure with an on-card key ring and trust value management. It uses digital signing for identification of services as well as for signatures by the user.