Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting Innovation through the Accumulation of Intellectual Capital, Social Capital, and Entrepreneurial Orientation

This study attempts to explore how a firm's operational mode can reinforce the advantages of intellectual capital on innovation. Specifically, the main purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive research model to integrate the interrelationships among social capital, entrepreneurial orientation, intellectual capital, and innovation. In addition to identifying the influences of intellectual capital on innovation, this study focuses in particular on the mediating effect of intellectual capital and the moderating effects of social capital and entrepreneurial orientation on innovation, which have largely been neglected in previous literature. The results support the mediating role of intellectual capital and the moderating roles of entrepreneurial orientation and social capital on innovation. Specifically, firms that have higher levels of social capital and entrepreneurial orientation tend to amplify the effects of intellectual capital on innovation.
The moderating effect of cultural context in the relation between HPWS and performance: an exploratory study in Spanish multinational companies

The efficiency of high performance work systems (HPWS) has been a special object of study for the last two decades. Analysis of their behaviour has involved the consideration of diverse factors that might be supposed to moderate their efficiency, among which internal company factors stand out. However, contextual perspective has not been considered in great detail. From a contingent approach, the cultural context of the country in which a firm is located ought to influence the effectiveness of their HPWS, and these systems should, therefore, adapt to their setting. However, from a universalist perspective, the competitive potential of these systems would be independent of their context of application. For companies that set up business in other countries and have to decide between transferring their human resource management system (HRMS) intact or adapting it to the new context of application, it is a matter of great importance to know which of these two perspectives is to be implemented. This article, using a sample of subsidiaries of Spanish multinational enterprises (MNEs), analyses the influence of cultural context as a moderating variable between HPWS and performance. The results we obtained, on the one hand, once again reveal the positive influence of HPWS on firm performance and, on the other hand, bear out the universalist perspective, as they do not, in general, detect a significant influence of cultural context as a moderating variable. Nevertheless, specific cultural characteristics of the countries where firms are located do appear to increase the positive influence of HPWS, and this opens up an interesting line of study.
Managements' View on Share Repurchase and Tender Offer Premiums

N Once of interest only in times of relatively low market prices, share repurchases have become significant even during periods of rising markets. A Wall Street Journal article (September 18, 1987, p. 15) reported that $25 billion of buybacks had been announced in the first seven months of 1987, compared to $21 billion in the same period of 1986 and $120 billion since January 1985. Announcements of repurchases skyrocketed with the October 1987 market crash, estimated at $44 billion in the 10 days after the crash (Wall Street Journal, January 27, 1988, p. 21). The motivations behind repurchases remain unclear. Most studies are confined to indirect evidence ob-
Characteristics of liver transplant candidates delisted following recompensation and predictors of such delisting in alcohol‐related liver disease: a case–control study

Whether and when recovery beyond the need for transplant may occur in patients listed for decompensation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients delisted following recompensation. Seventy‐seven patients who were listed between 2005 and 2015 for decompensation, but later delisted following recompensation were included. Alcohol‐related liver disease (ALD) was the underlying etiology in the majority (n = 47, 61%). Listing characteristics of these patients were compared with those of decompensated ALD patients who either underwent deceased donor liver transplantation or died on the waiting list. The model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score <20 and serum albumin ≥32 g/l at listing were the only independent predictors of recompensation/delisting in ALD. The probability of recompensation was 70% when both factors were present at listing. Interestingly, about a tenth of decompensated ALD patients who died on the waiting list (median duration on waiting list 11 months) and a quarter of decompensated ALD patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (median duration on waiting list 2 months) also had both factors at listing. In conclusion, ALD seems to be the most favorable etiology for recompensation beyond the need for transplantation. Both MELD and serum albumin at listing independently predict recompensation/delisting in ALD. It seems advisable to implement a period of observation for ALD patients with both favorable factors, before embarking on living donor liver transplantation.
A Variable Duty Cycle Soft Startup Strategy for LLC Series Resonant Converter Based on Optimal Current-Limiting Curve

For the LLC series resonant converter (LLC-SRC), the resonant current inrush during the startup is a threat to the safe operation of the main switches, and frequency-decreasing startup method is usually adopted. The very high initial start-up frequency can suppress this inrush effectively, but increases the output current demand of drive ICs. In this paper, a variable duty cycle soft startup strategy based on optimal current-limiting curve is presented, which can realize the suppression of the resonant current inrush under low startup frequency. Due to the nonlinearity of the LLC-SRC, the mode transition conditions are illustrated and a generalized numerical model of the LLC-SRC is established, providing a highly accurate prediction on resonant variables and output during the startup process. Based on the numerical model, the relationship between the startup current, initial startup frequency, and the duty cycle is revealed to quantify the startup process and achieve optimal initial startup parameters. A numerical algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal current-limiting curve during the startup. Two variable duty cycle startup methods are applied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, namely the PWM startup method and the phase-shift startup method. The experimental results are presented to verify the proposed soft startup strategy.
Commercial Development and Conservation Value

As pressures mount to develop intensive business operations along a coastline prized for its natural beauty, varied plant and wildlife and archeological sites, it is important to present decision makers with a full analysis of all values associated with the area. In this study, we examine whether the benefits of business development along the Rosh Haniqra Marine Reserve in northern Israel indeed outweigh the costs of potential damages to the region’s delicate natural balance. The analysis of business value was carried out on the basis of a detailed survey of facilities operating within the proposed reserve area and assessment of their expansion plans. The non-market benefits associated with conservation of the reserve were estimated according to two independent methods—Contingent Valuation (CVM) and Travel Cost (TCM). Our analysis reveals that under certain assumptions, non-market values of the coastline are higher than its commercial value. Thus, while further analysis is required to investigate the interaction between the number of visitors and the ecological performance of the site, it may already now be concluded that the preservation value is quite significant and should be taken into account in development plans for the region.
Innovation Strategies: Are Knowledge-Intensive Business Services Just Another Source of Information?

The objective of this paper is to contribute to the empirical literature on innovation strategies and services, by analysing the use of knowledge-intensive services, and their impact on innovation, in manufacturing firms. The analysis is carried out at the firm level, on the basis of a survey covering 804 manufacturing establishments in the Province of Quebec (Canada). We investigate the extent to which existing internal capabilities and their interaction with external sources of knowledge, in particular the use of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), affect the level of innovativeness of manufacturing firms. Then we examine the extent to which different innovation strategies, and the way KIBS are integrated into these, are associated with innovation. We show that manufacturing firms adopt a variety of innovation strategies, none of which preclude innovation, even introverted strategies whereby firms interact little with outside agents. However, those strategies that incorporate KIBS have a considerably greater chance of leading to innovation.
Computing Illumination from Area Light Sources by Approximate Contour Integration

A new method using approximate contour integration to accurately compute direct illumination from diffuse area sources in presence of curved obstacles is presented. All visibility tests are done using ray tracing so the method can be applied to a large class of objects. Computation of illumination on a pixel by pixel basis is necessary to accurately capture sharp shadows. However in soft penumbra zones many shadow rays are needed to quantize the penumbra finely enough and avoid banding artifacts. Furthermore, these zones usually cover lots of pixels. We make use of the fact that silhouettes of objects in a scene are smooth for the most part to replace them by polygonal lines in source space. The method allows the estimation of intensity gradients. Penumbras with no aliasing are obtained with fewer rays than with usual adaptive sampling techniques.
The budgetary implications of welfare reform: Lessons from four state initiatives

Required work and training, a major component of recent “welfare reform” proposals, is intended to increase the self-sufficiency of welfare recipients and thereby produce savings for government treasuries as well as more income for the recipients themselves. This analysis focuses explicitly on the budgetary effects of such activities, estimating the cost savings and new revenues generated by welfare employment programs started in four states since 1981. It suggests that when a broad range of effects are taken into account over a sufficiently long period, the overall budgetary implications of the programs are usually positive at the federal, state, and local levels of government. The costs and gains, however, are shared unevenly by the three levels, which encourages disparities in the programs states and localities choose to implement.
Ewolucyjny model rozwoju przemyslu - perspektywy badawcze i dydaktyczne

Streszczenie Przedstawiono opis ewolucyjnego modelu rozwoju przemysłu i niektóre wyniki jego badań symulacyjnych. Pokazano, że jeśli przyjąć założenia ekonomii neoklasycznej (ortodoksyjnej) i koncentrować się na analizie w stanie równowagi to model ewolucyjny prowadzi do takich samych wniosków jakie wynikają z analizy neoklasycznej. Wskazano też na możliwości wzbogacenia analizy procesów gospodarczych przy podejściu ewolucyjnym. Doświadczenia dydaktyczne autora sugerują, że przedstawiony model, jak również szeroko rozumiana ekonomia ewolucyjna, mogą być z powodzeniem wykorzystane w procesie nauczanie ekonomii.
CORPORATE DEVICES USED TO INSULATE MANAGEMENT FROM ATTACK

I am not going into the group of tactics which I have referred to here in an indented paragraph, such as going to your Congressmen, Senators, and the New York Stock Exchange to try to prevent listing of the securities offered, proposing tax legislation, contests over obtaining a list of shareholders, action based on antitrust considerations, changes in accounting, and finding another partner. I will not discuss any one of those.
A collaboration-oriented software architecture modeling system $JArchiDesigner

A critical issue for complex component-based systems design is the modeling and analysis of architecture. Architectural specifications of software systems show them as a collection of interrelated components, and constitute what has been called the software architecture level of software design. However, since most of software architecture modeling tools, such as rational software architecture (RSA), run as stand-alone programs, there are still some inconveniency and incapability in fields of team designing and data management. The JArchiDesigner System was designed as efficient, secure, and manageable networking JArchiDesigner system to support collaborative design process. With the JArchiDesigner System, multiple users are able to concurrently access and manipulate the same software architecture information stored in a server machine. This paper discusses the software architecture design and implementation of JArchiDesigner System
Modelo de Cagan e quebras estruturais: evidências para o Brasil (1970-94)

Using the model proposed by Cagan (1956), the money demand and prices are investigated in Brazilian high-inflation period between 1970 and 1994. Once the relevant series potentially have structural breaks, cointegration methods which permit changes in the cointegration vector are used. The long-run relationship between the relevant series is also used to test the presence of rational bubbles, the hypothesis of maximization of the revenues with inflation tax and the validity of rational expectation hypothesis. Finally, in an unusual approach in this literature, noise measures are calculated with respect to money demand. In Brazilian case a large portion of the variation in money demand are explained by such shocks.
Care regimes and national employment models

Rapid population ageing has dramatically increased the social and economic cost of elderly care. Demand for care labour is increasing rapidly, and all countries are experiencing problems in recruiting enough workers to meet demand. In some countries, the shortage of care workers has been met by a large inflow of immigrant, mostly female, workers. The paperâ€™s aim is twofold. To argue that the way in which care is provided and financed may entail large differences in the creation of a formal care market. Provision in kind and â€˜tiedâ€™ monetary transfers - that is, cash benefits that are somehow regulated â€“ may prevent the formation of a large informal care market. National employment models in turn shape the features of the care labour market: in fact, they affect the quantity and the quality of the care labour supply, the size of the care labour shortage, and the degree of dependence on migrant carers. We show how these two factors combine to shape the characteristics of care regimes and their long term sustainability.
The propensity of governing boards to plan

This article examines the relationship between board characteristics and formal organizational planning in forty-four nonprofit organizations. The study found that ongoing and beginning planners were more likely than those with no planning experience—or those that had abandoned planning after an initial experience with the process—to have well-understood missions, boards that concentrated on higher-level policy issues, and boards that had clear structures for decision making. The data suggest that a coalition consisting of top management and board members needs to exist if a move toward the formalization of organizational structures and processes is to be sustained.
Community reintegration following acquired brain injury

Objective: To evaluate the interventions and strategies used to enable transition from acute care or post-acute rehabilitation to the community following brain injury. Methods and main outcomes: A systematic review of the literature from 1980–2005 was conducted focusing on ABI rehabilitation. Five major aspects of community reintegration, including: independence and social integration, caregiver burden, satisfaction with quality of life, productivity and return to driving were considered. Results: With the exception of one, the majority of interventions are supported by only limited evidence, denoting an absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the literature. Of 38 studies evaluated for this review, only one RCT was found. That RCT provided moderate evidence that behavioural management, coupled with caregiver education, did not help to improve caregiver burden. Conclusions:Further research, using an interventional approach, is required to advance the evidence base of reintegration into the community following brain injury.
The Law and Ethics of Experiments on Social Media Users

If you were on Facebook in January 2012, there is a chance that it tried to make you sad. If you were on OkCupid, there is a chance that it tried to match you up with someone incompatible. These were social psychology experiments: Facebook and OkCupid systematically manipulated people's environments to test their reactions. Academics doing similar experiments in a university setting would typically need to obtain informed consent from participants and approval from an Institutional Review Board (IRB). But Facebook and OkCupid, and the academics working with Facebook, had neither. This, I believe, is a problem.These experiments offer us a moment for reflection, a chance to discuss the law and ethics of experiments on social media users. In this essay, I will consider social media research through the prism of the Facebook and OkCupid experiments. I will focus on three questions: (1) When do social media experiments constitute research involving people? (2) What does it take to obtain the informed consent of users? (3) What institutions are responsible for reviewing such experiments? Part I offers an initial review of the Facebook and OkCupid research projects. Part II -- the bulk of the essay -- takes up these questions under current law. Part III considers the broader question of what the rules for regulating social media research ought to be. The most immediately pressing priority is to prevent the unraveling of the existing ethical framework through IRB laundering, in which a regulated institution outsources enough work to an unregulated one to evade IRB review and informed consent. Looking further ahead, I offer some tentative thoughts on the scope of coverage, informed consent, and oversight for social media experiments. Finally, the conclusion reflects on how we should think about "consent" in this setting.
Interdependence of Fiscal Debts in EMU

We use an overlapping generations model to show that a bail-out is the optimal response to a fiscal crisis when the level of integration in a Monetary Union is high and the departure from Ricardian equivalence is significant. As it may not be optimal expost, the no bail-out rule is not credible ex-ante. To make it credible, one would have to look for arrangements that make the cost of one country defaulting sufficiently small, such that it does not impose a risk to the viability of the whole Monetary Union. One way to do that that we exploit is by reducing the relative size of the individual fiscal authority (from national to regional, for example).
Assessing sleepiness and sleep disorders in Australian long-distance commercial vehicle drivers: self-report versus an "at home" monitoring device.

STUDY OBJECTIVES As obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a higher risk of motor vehicle crashes, there is increasing regulatory interest in the identification of commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers with this condition. This study aimed to determine the relationship between subjective versus objective assessment of OSA in CMV drivers. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTINGS Heavy vehicle truck stops located across the road network of 2 large Australian states. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of long distance commercial vehicle drivers (n = 517). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Drivers were interviewed regarding their driving experience, personal health, shift schedules, payments, and various questions on sleep and tiredness in order to describe their sleep health across a range of variables. In addition, home recordings using a flow monitor were used during one night of sleep. Only 4.4% of drivers reported a previous diagnosis of sleep apnea, while our at home diagnostic test found a further 41% of long-distance heavy vehicle drivers likely to have sleep apnea. The multivariable apnea prediction index, based on self-report measures, showed poor agreement with the home-monitor detected sleep apnea (AUC 0.58, 95%CI = 0.49-0.62), and only 12% of drivers reported daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score > 10). Thirty-six percent of drivers were overweight and a further 50% obese; 49% of drivers were cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS Sleep apnea remains a significant and unrecognized problem in CMV drivers, who we found to have multiple health risks. Objective testing for this sleep disorder needs to be considered, as symptom reports and self-identification appear insufficient to accurately identify those at risk.
A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo

A Heady Find In the past two decades, excavations at the archaeological site at Dmanisi, Georgia, have revealed hominin fossils from the earliest Pleistocene, soon after the genus Homo first dispersed beyond Africa. Lordkipanidze et al. (p. 326; see the cover) now describe a fossil cranium from the site. Combined with mandibular remains that had been found earlier, this find completes the first entire hominin skull from this period. An early Pleistocene adult skull illuminates the evolution and morphology of the first hominins outside Africa. The site of Dmanisi, Georgia, has yielded an impressive sample of hominid cranial and postcranial remains, documenting the presence of Homo outside Africa around 1.8 million years ago. Here we report on a new cranium from Dmanisi (D4500) that, together with its mandible (D2600), represents the world's first completely preserved adult hominid skull from the early Pleistocene. D4500/D2600 combines a small braincase (546 cubic centimeters) with a large prognathic face and exhibits close morphological affinities with the earliest known Homo fossils from Africa. The Dmanisi sample, which now comprises five crania, provides direct evidence for wide morphological variation within and among early Homo paleodemes. This implies the existence of a single evolving lineage of early Homo, with phylogeographic continuity across continents.
Peer-to-Peer Collaborative Learning with e-Book Devices over 3G-WiFi Ad-hoc Network

This paper describes the experience of evaluating an e-book device based peer-to-peer collaborative learning system with a 3G-WiFi ad-hoc network configuration. Two evaluations were conducted followed by two focus group interviews. Results show that future design of e-book devices should consider the educational affordance of integrating web browser and Internet chat functionality to accelerate the potential adoption of e-book devices for collaborative e-learning or m-learning environments.