Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Ion Balance and Nitrogen Metabolism in Old and Young Leaves of Alkali-Stressed Rice Plants

Background Alkali stress is an important agricultural contaminant and has complex effects on plant metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the alkali stress has different effects on the growth, ion balance, and nitrogen metabolism in old and young leaves of rice plants, and to compare functions of both organs in alkali tolerance. Methodology/Principal Findings The results showed that alkali stress only produced a small effect on the growth of young leaves, whereas strongly damaged old leaves. Rice protected young leaves from ion harm via the large accumulation of Na+ and Cl− in old leaves. The up-regulation of OsHKT1;1, OsAKT1, OsHAK1, OsHAK7, OsHAK10 and OsHAK16 may contribute to the larger accumulation of Na+ in old leaves under alkali stress. Alkali stress mightily reduced the NO3 − contents in both organs. As old leaf cells have larger vacuole, under alkali stress these scarce NO3 − was principally stored in old leaves. Accordingly, the expression of OsNRT1;1 and OsNRT1;2 in old leaves was up-regulated by alkali stress, revealing that the two genes might contribute to the accumulation of NO3 − in old leaves. NO3 − deficiency in young leaves under alkali stress might induce the reduction in OsNR1 expression and the subsequent lacking of NH4 +, which might be main reason for the larger down-regulation of OsFd-GOGAT and OsGS2 in young leaves. Conclusions/Significance Our results strongly indicated that, during adaptation of rice to alkali stress, young and old leaves have distinct mechanisms of ion balance and nitrogen metabolism regulation. We propose that the comparative studies of young and old tissues may be important for abiotic stress tolerance research.
Notes on cohomologies of ternary algebras of associative type

The aim of this paper is to investigate the cohomologies for ternary algebras of associative type.We study in particular the cases of partially associative ternary algebras and weak totally associative ternary algebras. Also, we consider the Takhtajan's construction, which was used to construct a cohomology of ternary Nambu-Lie algebras using Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology of Lie algebras, and discuss it in the case of ternary algebras of associative type. One of the main results of this paper states that a usual deformation cohomology does not exist for partially associative ternary algebras which implies that their operad is not a Koszul operad.
Evaluation des risques de crédits et concurrence : analyse de l'impact du credit scoring et de la titrisation sur les stratégies des banques

Cette these s’interesse a deux innovations financieres majeures intervenues dans le secteur bancaire au cours des dernieres decennies: la titrisation et le credit scoring. Plus particulierement, nous proposons trois analyses theoriques portant sur i) le lien entre la generalisation de l’emploi de ces outils et l’intensification de la concurrence bancaire ; ii) l’impact de l’utilisation de ces outils sur la fonction de production d’information des banques (le monitoring et le screening). Les principaux resultats de ces travaux sont les suivants : 1) Le principe de concurrence ne garantit pas l’adoption de la technologie la plus efficiente lorsque deux banques differenciees suivant leur technologie d’octroi de credit, relation de pret ou credit scoring, se font une double concurrence a la fois sur le marche du credit et sur le marche des depots ; 2) Les banques peuvent utiliser la cession de prets afin de ne pas reveler l’information privee qu’elles ont pu collecter sur leurs clients au travers de la relation clientele lorsque la detention d’informations privees est susceptible de procurer un avantage concurrentiel futur dans le contexte d’une concurrence intertemporelle ; 3) La titrisation peut etre mobilisee de maniere strategique en vue d’attenuer la concurrence sur le marche du credit. Plus precisement, la titrisation peut etre employee par une banque comme un moyen de signaler a ses concurrents qu'elle va diminuer l'intensite de son monitoring afin d'attenuer le probleme de selection adverse qui se pose a eux. Ce faisant, les banques parviennent a augmenter leur profit d’ensemble, mais au detriment de l’efficience du marche.
Making the most of community energies: Three perspectives on grassroots innovation

Grassroots innovations for sustainability are attracting increasing policy attention. Drawing upon a wide range of empirical research into community energy in the UK, and taking recent support from national government as a case study, we apply three distinct analytical perspectives: strategic niche management, niche policy advocacy, and critical niches. Whilst the first and second perspectives appear to explain policy influence in grassroots innovation adequately, each also shuts out more transformational possibilities. We therefore argue that, if grassroots innovation is to realise its full potential, then we need to also pursue a third, critical niches perspective, and open up debate about more socially transformative pathways to sustainability.
Translation by Machine of Complex Nominals: Getting it Right

We present a method for compositionally translating noun-noun (NN) compounds, using a word-level bilingual dictionary and syntactic templates for candidate generation, and corpus and dictionary statistics for selection. We propose a support vector learning-based method employing target language corpus and bilingual dictionary data, and evaluate it over a English ↔ Japanese machine translation task. We show the proposed method to be superior to previous methods and also robust over low-frequency NN compounds.
On the importance of skin color for "other-race" effect

The paper investigates the importance of facial skin color to account for the psychological discovery of the "other-race" effect, which is the phenomenon that other-race faces are perceived to be more alike and less discriminable than own-race faces. Skin colour is one of the important traits that could be used to distinguish people of one race from another. To understand better the role of skin color in the other-race effect, we propose to use a color transfer algorithm to simulate the effect by transplanting the skin color from one race to another. The processed face that is "made up" by another person's skin color can be used for the psychological study of race-related face identification. The principle of our color transfer method is to search the most similar pixel intensity in the face regions of two images based on the average intensity values and transfer the entire color mood of the source image to the target image. A color fine tune process is further performed on the characteristic areas to improve the result. The final psychophysical study shows that human skin color is one of the factors for the other-race effect, yet not the dominant one.
Language Policy and Language Planning: From Nationalism to Globalisation

Language allows humans to act cooperatively, to plan, and to remember. It is the prime factor in the constitution of groups as well as a major barrier between groups. Language policy and planning is rarely just about language; it always has political, social and ethical dimensions. This is a comprehensive advanced textbook, covering not only language learning imposed by economic or political agendas but also language choices entered into freely for reasons of social mobility, economic advantage or group identity. The first part of the book reviews the development and role of standard languages in the construction of national communities and identities. The second part examines the linguistic accommodation of groups in contact, major lingua francas and the case of 'International English'. The third section explores reactions to nationalism and globalization, with some attention to language rights. The book further deals with methodological problems of working in this interdisciplinary area, and provides detailed illustrations from a range of countries and communities.
GRAPH: The Costs of Redundancy in Referring Expressions

We describe a graph-based generation system that participated in the TUNA attribute selection and realisation task of the REG 2008 Challenge. Using a stochastic cost function (with certain properties for free), and trying attributes from cheapest to more expensive, the system achieves overall . 76 DICE and . 54 MASI scores for attribute selection on the development set. For realisation, it turns out that in some cases higher attribute selection accuracy leads to larger differences between system-generated and human descriptions.
Surface chemistry effects of topographic modification of titanium dental implant surfaces: 1. Surface analysis.

PURPOSE To analyze the surface composition of 34 different commercially available titanium dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface composition was evaluated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Samples were divided into 4 groups, depending on their surface topography (machined, sandblasted, acid etched, or plasma sprayed). RESULTS Statistical analysis of the data showed a clear relationship between surface composition and topography, which can be easily accounted for by the chemical effects of the surface treatment performed. On average, acid-etched and plasma-sprayed surfaces had higher titanium and lower carbon concentration than machined surfaces. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Current studies aimed at the evaluation of implants with different topography should not implicitly assume that topography is the only variable controlling the biologic response. Rather, when comparing different topographies, it should be taken into account that surface chemistry may be a variable as well.
Clinical Mycoplasma sp. Infections in Free-living Three-toed Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis) in Missouri, USA

Abstract Mycoplasma species, which can cause upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), are significant pathogens of birds, mammals, fish, and reptiles. Mycoplasmosis is of high concern for chelonian conservation, with the most well-documented cases in gopher and desert tortoises. Mycoplasma sp. infections have been reported in captive and free-living box turtles (Terrapene spp.). We documented URTD associated with Mycoplasma sp. in two free-living, three-toed box turtles (Terrapene carolina triunguis) in Missouri, US. Both turtles were Mycoplasma sp. positive by PCR and had URTD-like clinical signs, including nasal and ocular discharge, palpebral edema, lethargy, and weight loss, during a 6–8-wk period between June and September 2014.
Strong TCR Conservation and Altered T Cell Cross-Reactivity Characterize a B*57-Restricted Immune Response in HIV-1 Infection12

HLA-B*57 is associated with slower disease progression to AIDS, and CD8+ T cell responses to B*57-restricted epitopes are thought to contribute to this protective effect. In this study, we evaluate the B*57-restricted p24 KAFSPEVIPMF (KF11) immune response which is immunodominant during chronic infection. Previously, we observed that the KF11 clade variants KGFNPEVIPMF [A2G,S4N] and KAFNPEIIMPF [S4N,V7I], sharing a position 4 mutation, are differentially recognized by KF11-specific T cells. By combining structural and cellular studies, we now demonstrate that the KF11 and [A2G,S4N] epitopes induce distinct functional responses in [A2G,S4N] and KF11-specific T cells, respectively, despite minimal structural differences between the individual B*57-peptide complexes. Recently, we also elucidated the highly distinct structure of KF11 in complex with B*5703, and have now characterized the CD8+ T cell repertoire recognizing this epitope. We now report striking features of TCR conservation both in terms of TCR Vα and Vβ chain usage, and throughout the hypervariable region. Collectively, our findings highlight unusual features of the B*5701/B*5703-KF11-specific immune responses which could influence disease progression and that might be important to consider when designing future vaccine regimens.
Isolation, Characterization, and Transfer of Cryptic Gene-Mobilizing Plasmids in the Wheat Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT A set of self-transmissible plasmids with IncQ plasmid-mobilizing capacity was isolated by triparental exogenous isolation from the wheat rhizosphere with an Escherichia coli IncQ plasmid host and a Ralstonia eutropha recipient. Three plasmids of 38 to 45 kb, denoted pIPO1, pIPO2, and pIPO3, were selected for further study. No selectable traits (antibiotic or heavy-metal resistance) were identified in these plasmids. The plasmids were characterized by replicon typing via PCR and hybridization with replicon-specific probes and other hybridizations. pIPO1 and pIPO3 were similar to each other, whereas pIPO2 was different. None of these plasmids belonged to any known incompatibility group. pIPO2 was selected for further work, and a mini-Tn5-tet transposon was inserted to confer selectability. Plasmid pIPO2 had a broad IncQ plasmid mobilization and self-transfer range among the alpha, beta, and gamma subclasses of theProteobacteria but did not show productive transfer to gram-positive bacteria. Plasmid pIPO2 mobilized IncQ plasmid pIE723 from Pseudomonas fluorescens to diverse indigenous proteobacteria in the rhizosphere of field-grown wheat. Transfer of pIE723 to indigenous bacteria was not observed in the absence of added pIPO2. A specific PCR primer system and a probe were developed for the detection of pIPO2-type plasmids in soil and rhizosphere. Analysis of soil DNA provided evidence for the presence of pIPO2 in inoculated wheat rhizosphere soil in the field study, as well as in the rhizosphere of uninoculated wheat plants growing in soil microcosms. The system failed to identify major reservoirs of pIPO2 in a variety of other soils.
Genes and Synapses The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage : A Dialogue Between

clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ): June 20, 2012 www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/content/294/5544/1030.full. html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services,
Jet isomorphism for conformal geometry

Jet isomorphism theorems for conformal geometry are discussed. A new proof of the jet isomorphism theorem for odd-dimensional conformal geometry is outlined, using an ambient realization of the conformal deforma- tion complex. An infinite order ambient lift for conformal densities in the case in which harmonic extension is obstructed is described. A jet isomor- phism theorem for even dimensional conformal geometry is formulated using the inhomogeneous ambient metrics recently introduced by the author and K. Hirachi.
A public transport system based sensor network for road surface condition monitoring

A well maintained road network is a must for the economic development and the well being of people in any country. Unfortunately, most developing countries do not poses such road networks. While the lack of funds is mainly to blame for not building new road networks and maintaining the existing ones the lack of proper monitoring and reporting system is a major contributory factor for the dilapidated condition of road networks in third world countries. A case in point is the road network in Sri Lanka; Sri Lanka has an extensive road network that spans the country and new roads are being built every day, yet even the roads in the capital city are not maintained properly. The lack of a monitoring and reporting mechanism is apparent in this case. We propose a public transport system based sensor network to monitor road surface condition. We are currently building such a network called BusNet to monitor environmental pollution and that system can be extended for road surface condition monitoring by adding acceleration sensor boards to the system.
Facial Feature Tracking and Head Orientation-based Gaze Tracking

In this paper, we propose a fast and practical head pose estimation scheme for eye-head controlled human computer interface with non-constrained background. The method we propose uses complete graph matching from thresholded images and the two blocks showing the greatest similarity are selected as eyes, we also locate mouth and nostrils in turn using the eye location information and size information. The average computing time of the image(360*240) is within 0.2(sec) and we employ template matching method using angles between facial features for head pose estimation. It has been tested on several sequential facial images with different illuminating conditions and varied head poses, It returned quite a satisfactory performance in both speed and accuracy.
Educational Attainment, Continued Learning Experience, and Cognitive Function among Older Men

Objectives:This article assesses the effects of educational attainment, posteducational training experience, and occupational status on cognitive function among older men, controlling for demographic and health factors. Conditional relationships between educational attainment and factors that importantly influence cognitive function are also investigated. Methods:Data from a nationally representative sample of 1,839 older men are used to explore life-course effects of occupational and training experiences during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Results:A positive relationship is found between formal educational attainment and cognitive function, but this association is conditional on subsequent training experience, ethnicity, and symptoms of depression. Training experiences are also positively associated with cognitive function. Discussion:Continued pursuit of education and training may offer opportunities to promote cognitive function throughout the life course, especially among those with low educational attainment early in life.
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Ultraviolet Light C-Irradiated Human Platelets in a 2 Event Mouse Model of Transfusion

UV-based pathogen reduction technologies have been developed in recent years to inactivate pathogens and contaminating leukocytes in platelet transfusion products in order to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections and alloimmunization. UVC-based technology differs from UVA or UVB-based technologies in that it uses a specific wavelength at 254 nm without the addition of any photosensitizers. Previously, it was reported that UVC irradiation induces platelet aggregation and activation. To understand if UVC-induced changes of platelet quality correlate with potential adverse events when these platelets are transfused into animals, we used a 2-event SCID mouse model in which the predisposing event was LPS treatment and the second event was infusion of UVC-irradiated platelets. We analyzed lung platelet accumulation, protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as an indication of lung injury, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) release in mice received UVC-irradiated or untreated control platelets. Our results showed UVC-irradiated platelets accumulated in lungs of the mice in a dose-dependent manner. High-doses of UVC-irradiated platelets were sequestered in the lungs to a similar level as we previously reported for UVB-irradiated platelets. Unlike UVB-platelets, UVC-platelets did not lead to lung injury or induce MIP-2 release. This could potentially be explained by our observation that although UVC treatment activated platelet surface αIIbβ3, it failed to activate platelet cells. It also suggests lung platelet accumulation and subsequent lung damage are due to different and separate mechanisms which require further investigation.
The diagnostic challenge of vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth: A case report O desafio diagnóstico de fratura radicular vertical em dentes endodonticamente tratados: relato de caso

Purpose: To present the diagnostic challenge of a clinical case of vertical root fracture (VRF) in an endodontically treated mandibular left lateral incisor and discuss the diagnostic methods employed to achieve the conclusive diagnosis. Case Description: At 16 months after endodontic treatment, a 60-year-old female patient reported pain during mastication. Clinically, she presented with an active distolingual fistula and a probing depth of 9 mm on the distal aspect of tooth 32. A radiographic examination indicated pear-shaped distal bone loss. The fistula was mapped, which confirmed that the lesion had a periodontal origin. A diagnostic hypothesis of a VRF was established. Exploratory surgery revealed the VRF on the distolingual aspect of the root without separation of the root fragments. Conclusion: Knowledge of the diagnostic aspects and the correct interpretation of radiographic images was enough to establish the diagnostic hypothesis of a VRF. However, the conclusive diagnosis was only confirmed during exploratory surgery.
Additive Gaussian Noise Based Data Perturbation in Multi-Level Trust Privacy Preserving Data Mining

Data perturbation is one of the most popular models used in privacy preserving data mining. It is specially convenient for applications where the data owners need to export/publish the privacy-sensitive data. This work proposes that an Additive Perturbation based Privacy Preserving Data Mining (PPDM) to deal with the problem of increasing accurate models about all data without knowing exact details of individual values. To Preserve Privacy, the approach establishes Random Perturbation to individual values before data are published. In Proposed system the PPDM approach introduces Multilevel Trust (MLT) on data miners. Here different perturbed copies of the similar data are available to the data miner at different trust levels and may mingle these copies to jointly gather extra information about original data and release the data is called diversity attack. To prevent this attack MLT-PPDM approach is used along with the addition of random Gaussian noise and the noise is properly correlated to the original data, so the data miners cannot get diversity gain in their combined reconstruction.
An initialization strategy for the dictionary learning problem

In this paper we present an efficient initialization strategy that improves the performance of overcomplete dictionary learning algorithms. The procedure exploits incoherent structures that can be manipulated and adapted to a given dataset relatively fast. The algorithm involves an iterative adaptation of the dictionary to the dataset with pruning of the less used atoms and constructions of new atoms that fit the data better. Experimental simulations show that the proposed method improves the performance of classical and new developments in dictionary learning algorithms.