Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Impact of National Culture On Organizational Knowledge Maturity

Most often the efforts to leverage organizational competencies are directed towards use of data and technology, overlooking the human and organizational structural capital parts of knowledge within the organization. This paper adopts a holistic approach to understanding and realizing the value within the human, data and processual capital in the organization via the Intellectual Bandwidth (IB) Maturity Model. Rise in corporate globalization could lead to the increased importance of national culture and how it affects collaboration, processes documentation and data usage in companies. This study looks at how differences in national culture (as defined by Hofstede’ s dimensions) impact the different components of data, collaboration and processual organizational knowledge as defined by the IB maturity model. The results indicate that some differences do exist among individuals from variant cultures resulting in distinctions in the way organizational knowledge is used and should be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike.
Pure Listening Training—A Tentative Innovation of English Learning

A worthwhile teaching and learning method means quite a lot for the fruitful study. As a science of cultural communication, the language acquisition involves various aspects such as listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating, etc. Though the traditional reading training makes the language learners comparatively skillful in their practice of reading, writing and translating, it still fails to meet the needs for them to perfect their listening, speaking ability. Here the paper introduces another language learning method--pure listening training---hoping to provide some actual aids for the English language learners.
Productivity Effects of International Outsourcing: Evidence from Plant-Level Data

We investigate the impact of international outsourcing on productivity using plant-level data for Irish manufacturing. Specifically, we distinguish the effect of outsourcing of materials from services inputs. Moreover, we examine whether the impact on productivity is different for plants being more embedded in international markets through exporting or being part of a multinational. Our results show robust evidence for positive effects from outsourcing of services inputs for exporters, either domestic or foreign owned. By contrast, we find no statistically significant evidence of an impact of international outsourcing of services on productivity for firms not operating on the export market. On examine l'impact de la sous-traitance internationale sur la productivite en utilisant des donnees sur les etablissements irlandais. On distingue la sous-traitance d'intrants qui sont des biens materiels de celle d'intrants de services. On distingue aussi les etablissements encastres dans les marches internationaux via des liens d'exportations de ceux qui sont parties d'une firme plurinationale. Les resultats montrent des effets importants de la sous-traitance des intrants-services sur la productivite des exportateurs qu'ils soient independants ou parties d'une plurinationale. D'autre part, on ne trouve pas de relation statistique significative entre la sous-traitance des intrants-services et la productivite pour les entreprises qui n'operent pas sur le marche des exportations.
Phylogeographic Diversity of the Winter Moths Operophtera brumata and O. bruceata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Europe and North America

ABSTRACT The European winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), an invasive forest defoliator, is undergoing a rapid range expansion in northeastern North America. The source of this invasion, and phylogeographic diversity throughout its native range, has not been explored. To do this, we used samples from a pheromone-baited trap survey of O. brumata collected across its native range in Europe, and invasive range in North America. Traps in North America also attract a congeneric species, the Bruce spanworm O. bruceata (Hulst), and the western Bruce spanworm O. b. occidentalis (Hulst). From this sampling, we sequenced two regions of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene; one region corresponds to the DNA ‘barcode’ region, the other is a nonoverlapping section. We used these sequences, in combination with sequence data from a recent survey of the Geometridae in western North America, for phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to characterize genetic divergence and variation for O. brumata in North America and Europe, and O. bruceata and O. b. occidentalis in North America. We found O. brumata mtDNA diversity to be dominated by a single widespread, and common haplotype. In contrast, O. bruceata shows high haplotype diversity that is evenly distributed throughout North America. Phylogeographic patterns indicate an introduction of O. brumata in British Columbia likely originated from Germany, and suggest the invasive population in northeastern North America may have its origins in the United Kingdom, and/or Germany. We found uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence between Operophtera species to be ≈7%. O. b. occidentalis is ≈ 5% divergent from O. bruceata, has a restricted range in the Pacific Northwest, and has unique morphological characters. Together these lines of evidence suggest O. b. occidentalis may be deserving of species status. Additionally, a single morphologically unique Operophtera specimen, similar to O. bruceata, was collected in southern Arizona, far outside the known range of O. bruceata. This suggests that North America may contain further, unsampled, Operophtera diversity.
MuMs: Energy-Aware VM Selection Scheme for Cloud Data Center

The energy consumption of data centers has been increasing continuously during the last years due to the rising demands of computational power especially in current Grid- and Cloud Computing systems, which directly influence the increment in operational costs as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. To reduce energy consumption within the cloud data center, it required energy-aware virtual machines (VMs) selection algorithms for VM consolidation at time host detected underloaded and overloaded and after allocating resources to all VMs from the underloaded hosts required to turn into energy saving-mode. In this paper, we propose energy-aware dynamic VM selection algorithms for consolidating the VMs from overloaded or underloaded host for minimising the total energy consumption and maximise the Quality of Service (QoS) include the reduction of service level agreements (SLAs) violation. To validate our scheme, we implemented it using CloudSim simulator and conducted simulations on the 10 different day's real workloads trace, which provided by the PlanetLab.
Effect of Breathing on Exposed Lung Volumes and Doses in Patients with Breast Carcinoma Receiving Radiotherapy

Introduction: This study evaluates the changes in the lung volume (LV) exposed radiation during the breath cycle and whether these volume differences have an effect on both lung and target doses in breast carcinoma patients. Material and Methods: Ten patients with left breast carcinoma underwent breast conservative surgery or mastectomy receiving radiotherapy (RT) (breast or chest wall and regional lymph nodes) were included. For this study, planning computerized tomography (CT) images were obtained during deep inspiration (DI) and end of expiration (EE), besides free breathing (FB) to simulate breath cycles. Three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated RT planning was done to obtain dose-volume information using CT series taken FB, DI and EE. The treatment plan was done with FB images and exported to the DI and EE scans and re-calculated. Volume changes and calculated dose differences according to breath cycles were compared. Results: There were significant differences in the whole LV, ipsilateral LV and contralateral LV between FB-DI and EE-DI while no significant difference was seen between FB and EE. V20 was lower during DI than FB and EE but the difference was not significant. There was no significant variation in whole breast dose although significant dose variations were observed in mean MI, supraclaviculary and level III axillary lymph node doses between breath cycles. Conclusion: Breath cycle had no significant effect on whole breast dose although significantly changed regional lymph node doses in patients with breast carcinoma receiving whole breast and regional lymph nodes radio-therapy. V20 dose was lower during DI than FB and EE, but the difference was not significant.
Novel anesthetic technique for combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for cervix cancer in an outpatient setting

Purpose To determine the feasibility and safety of outpatient combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for cervix cancer with sedation and local anesthesia. Material and methods We included patients diagnosed with non-metastatic cervix cancer and have completed brachytherapy between December 2015 and December 2016. Moderate to deep sedation was achieved using intravenous midazolam, propofol, fentanyl, and oxycodone. Local anesthesia was achieved with 2% lignocaine gel and a paracervical block containing a mixture of 1% ropivacaine, 2% lignocaine, and 1 : 1,000 adrenaline. Ceftriaxone and ondansetron were given prophylactically. Physiologic monitoring was performed throughout and pain scores were recorded using the Numeric Rating Scale. Follow-up was conducted at 8 weeks from the last fraction of brachytherapy. The feasibility and safety endpoints were a post-anesthesia discharge score (PADS) of 9 or above, and no grade 3 or above adverse events, respectively. Results A total of thirty-five brachytherapy insertions were carried out on nine patients. The median age of the patients was 56 years (range, 40-65). Eight patients had American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status of I or II, and one had a status of III. The mean duration of the insertion was 39 minutes (standard deviation [SD] = 14), during which no adverse events occurred. There was no significant nausea or vomiting post-sedation. The median pain scores post-insertion and during recovery were 0 (range, 0-6) and 0 (range, 0-7), respectively. At discharge, all patients had pain scores of 0 and maximum PADS of 10. The mean time to discharge was 4.1 hours (SD = 0.95). There were no brachytherapy-related admissions or complications. Conclusions Outpatient combined intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for cervix cancer with sedation and local anesthesia is feasible and safe. This could potentially lead to significant cost savings.
Zur Bedeutung sensibel evozierter Potentiale (SEP) in der Polyneuropathie Diagnostik

: In 172 patients suffering from neuropathies of different aetiologies (diabetic, uraemic, inflammatory, hereditary, alcoholic, cryptogenic) the SEP findings (cortical median and sural nerve SEP, cervical median nerve SEP, Erb's point potential) were compared with the results of conventional sensory and motor electroneurography (ENG) and with clinical signs. SEP's yielded a high percentage of abnormalities. Thus in 5 of the 6 groups the sural nerve SEP presented an unequivocal latency prolongation in 55 to 75% of the patients, in HMSN-I-patients even in 100%. Also well over 50% of the median nerve evoked potentials were outside the normal range. In many cases the delay of the SEP's simply reflected the impairment of conduction within the peripheral nerve fibres as documented by ENG; here the ENG was naturally even more sensitive in detecting slight distal conduction disturbance, which did not shift the SEP latency outside the normal range. However, in a certain percentage that varied in the different aetiological groups, the SEP's demonstrated an impairment of conduction within the proximal segments of the sensory system not accessible to conventional ENG technique. Thus, in 15 to 25% of the patients with diabetic, uraemic, inflammatory and cryptogenic neuropathies, pathological SEP findings were combined with normal results of the ENG examination. In no case this "proximal" conduction disturbance affected the "central conduction" between the cervical spinal cord and the cortex. A more detailed differentiation was often impossible: A prolonged conduction time between brachial plexus and cervical cord could not be subdivided further due to the lack of the SEP component representing the "spinal entry of the afferent volley". SEP's--especially the cortical SEP's--can be reliably recorded even if a peripheral sensory nerve action potential is lacking; in these cases the extent of the conduction disturbance is documented only by the--practically always demonstrable--delay of the SEP. Nearly without exception, pronounced latency prolongations were seen only in cortical SEP's because in these cases the subcortical components could no longer be identified. Two types of considerably delayed cortical SEP's could be distinguished: Potentials of abnormal shape, where the complete extinction of the initial complex had to be assumed: the latency prolongation cannot be equated with the actual conduction delay. Completely normal-shaped potentials whose latency times evidently reflected the real delay. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Inappropriate treatment of a woman with vaginismus and social and psychiatric consequences in a traditional culture

Vaginismus is the most commonly diagnosed sexual dysfunction among Turkish women seeking sex therapy. Herein, we report a woman with vaginismus who was referred to our clinic after unsuccessful medical interventions for vaginismus. Additionally, she was physically and emotionally abused by her husband and parents in-law. Based on DSM-IV, she was diagnosed with vaginismus, post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Sex therapy for this patient lasted for nine weeks, after that time she was able to penetrate her vagina with two of her fingers. In traditional culture, women with vaginismus are susceptible to social pressures, traumatic experiences and loss of social status as a result of sexual dysfunction.
Age- and Sex-Specific Bone Structure Patterns Portend Bone Fragility in Radii and Tibiae in Relation to Osteodensitometry: A High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Study in 385 Individuals.

BACKGROUND Age- and sex-specific 3D bone structure patterns in human radii and tibiae were investigated with respect to individuals' osteodensitometric status to unravel associations with site-specific fracture occurrences and underlying loading patterns. METHODS A sample of 385 patients (121 men and 264 women, age range: 23-91 years) were investigated. The patients were classified according to dual X-ray absorptiometry T-scores in three groups: control (n = 60), osteopenia (n = 160), and osteoporosis (n = 165). Bone architecture and geometry were assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the cortical and trabecular compartments in distal radii and tibiae. RESULTS We found site-dependent age- and sex-related trends regarding bone architecture and geometry. Females displayed more pronounced age-related changes than males. Specifically, female radii showed both cortical and trabecular structural deterioration with aging, whereas the tibiae demonstrated exclusively cortical deterioration. The mean cortical perimeter revealed a significant age-related increase for both sexes even after adjusting for body height and weight, which suggests that periosteal expansion can be observed in both the tibia and also in the radius. Osteopenia and osteoporosis cases did not reveal higher cortical perimeters in comparison to controls. CONCLUSIONS The tomographic assessment of bone structure further clarifies the architectural basis for increased bone fragility at distal radii and tibiae with advanced age leading to fracture predilection in females. Our findings may represent a morphological link to epidemiological data on age-dependent fracture incidences. Our data support the presence of periosteal apposition at both skeletal sites despite different loading magnitudes, and challenges the view on periosteal expansion just as a compensatory mechanism to counterbalance bone loss.
Deceptiveness of evasion

L'A. examine une affirmation communement admise sur le caractere trompeur des enonces evasifs (reponse intentionnellement non pertinente semantiquement). Deux types de caracteres evasifs sont distingues: evident et indirect. Le caractere trompeur de l'enonce ne peut toutefois pas etre analyse au niveau de l'acte de parole lui-meme. Le caractere trompeur de l'enonce evasif peut etre vu comme un moyen d'induire chez l'auditeur une (fausse) croyance quant a la pertinence d'un enonce, il est donc metadiscursif par nature
Sociohistorical Linguistics

The title of this book suggests, at least to readers with an interest in sociolinguistics, that it will be within the genre of sociohistorical linguistics. However, any reader expecting a sociolinguistic analysis of the linguistic situation in Victorian England would be disappointed. This volume is a successor to the same author's (1970) work on the language of Jane Austen and as such concentrates on the social nuances of linguistic usage in a wide range of nineteenth-century novels, providing interesting nuggets of information rather than a systematic sociolinguistic survey. The cover notes suggest that the book will be useful to "linguistics, historians and students of nineteenth-century literature, as well as . the general reader. " In fact, it is mainly directed to the last two of these categories of reader, who will no doubt find it interesting and informative. There is a table of phonetic symbols facing page 1 which, with its use of italic and Gothic symbols where the typewriter used obviously lacked the l.P.A. symbols, looks strange to a linguist, but will serve a lay readership well enough. The index of words and separate listing in the bibliography of novels cited will make it a serviceable companion to the study of those novels. With the exception of one unglossed use of the term hypercorrect (139), the terms used are those likely to be understood by lay persons. For instance, frequent references are made to the work of Ross (1954) and Mitford (1956), and Ross's terms U and Non-LJ are used throughout to refer to the language of what Phillips terms The Upper Classes and The Lower Orders, respectively. These terms are well understood by lay persons, at least in Britain, and continue to be used in jocular works of pop sociology, such as Barrand York (1982), as well as in more serious works aimed at a wide readership, such as Wells (1982). However, such terminology can seriously misrepresent the sociolinguistic situation in England, whatever the century, for it suggests that all usage except that of the upper-classes can be lumped together as Non-U, and that the shibboleths of U speech, such as the use of the word napkin rather than serviette, are the most important linguistic indicators of social class. In fact, Phillips does take his cue,
The social practice of reading and writing instruction in schools for intellectually disabled pupils

In Sweden, schooling for children who are regarded as intellectually disabled is organised in a special school, Sarskolan. The overall aim of this article was to investigate the teachers’ attitudes towards the social practice of reading and writing instruction in Sarskolan. Therefore, 40 teachers from Northern Sweden were sampled for the empirical study. The teachers were asked to fill out a questionnaire. One of the findings was that the teachers reported different attitudes towards the social practice of reading and writing instruction. Another finding was that the teachers reported they did not practice the documentation of reading and writing difficulties. Furthermore, the practice of documentation was associated with professional competence in reading and writing literacy. The study suggests that literacy education did have an effect on teachers’ attitudes towards their practice of documenting. However, the openness towards organizational learning was polarized, and consequently, it produced a threshold for change. Accordingly, more studies are necessary for further description and explanation of the complexities of the present findings.
Role of Rutin on Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), is a major antiatherogenic factor in the blood vessel. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Decreased availability of endothelial NO promotes the progression of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Rutin is a flavonoid with multiple cardiovascular protective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rutin on eNOS and NO production in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were divided into four groups: control; oxidative stress induction with 180 μM H2O2; treatment with 300 μM rutin; and concomitant induction with rutin and H2O2 for 24 hours. HUVEC treated with rutin produced higher amount of NO compared to control (P < 0.01). In the oxidative stress-induced HUVEC, rutin successfully induced cells' NO production (P < 0.01). Rutin promoted NO production in HUVEC by inducing eNOS gene expression (P < 0.05), eNOS protein synthesis (P < 0.01), and eNOS activity (P < 0.05). Treatment with rutin also led to increased gene and protein expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in HUVEC. Therefore, upregulation of eNOS expression by rutin may be mediated by bFGF. The results showed that rutin may improve endothelial function by augmenting NO production in human endothelial cells.
Genomic rearrangements of hMSH6 contribute to the genetic predisposition in suspected hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome

Background: Germline mutations in mismatch repair genes, mainly in hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6, predispose to the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. A substantial fraction of these mutations exists in genomic rearrangements of hMSH2 and hMLH1. In contrast, genomic rearrangements have not been reported in hMSH6. Methods: Out of 15 HNPCC or HNPCC-like patients who developed tumours with loss of hMSH6 protein expression, we selected three patients who still had no germline mutations after gene sequencing. Genomic DNA of these patients was analysed using PCR based relative quantification of hMSH6 fragments. Indicated exon deletions and amplifications were characterised by long range PCR and sequencing. Results: Genomic rearrangements were identified in two of the three patients. Breakpoint analyses showed an Alu repeat mediated deletion of 13.0 kb affecting the promoter region, exon 1, and exon 2 in one patient, and a duplication of 4.9 kb containing 1.6 kb of the 3′ end of exon 4 and exon 5, integrated into intron 5, in the other patient. Conclusions: Although genomic rearrangements of hMSH6 only play a small role in the spectrum of all mutations predisposing to HNPCC, our results suggest that up to 10–20% of patients with hMSH6 negative tumours harbour germline rearrangements in this gene.