Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant Phononic Anisotropy and Unusual Anharmonicity of Phosphorene: Interlayer Coupling and Strain Engineering

Phosphorene, an emerging elemental 2D direct band gap semiconductor with fascinating structural and electronic properties distinctively different from other 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2, is promising for novel nanoelectronic and optoelectronic applications. Phonons, as one of the most important collective excitations, are at the heart of the device performance, as their interactions with electrons and photons govern the carrier mobility and light‐emitting efficiency of the material. Here, through a detailed first‐principles study, it is demonstrated that monolayer phosphorene exhibits a giant phononic anisotropy, and remarkably, this anisotropy is squarely opposite to its electronic counterpart and can be tuned effectively by strain engineering. By sampling the whole Brillouin zone for the monolayer phosphorene, several “hidden” directions are found, along which small‐momentum phonons are “frozen” with strain and possess the smallest degree of anharmonicity. Unexpectedly, these “hidden” directions are intrinsically different from the usually‐studied armchair and zigzag directions. Light is also shed on the anisotropy of interlayer coupling of few‐layer phosphorene by examining the rigid‐layer vibrations. These highly anisotropic and strain‐tunable characteristics of phosphorene offer new possibilities for its applications in thermal management, thermoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and phononics.
Split Bregman algorithm based on adaptive parameter for planar array sensor imaging

Planar array capacitance imaging is a visualization imaging technique based on the edge effect of electric fields. However, there are ill-posed problem and soft-field effects in the imaging process, which results in unstable and susceptible imaging. To address this issue, the inverse solution of planar array capacitive imaging system is transformed into an optimization problem with the approximate solution of linear-squares. A new cost function with total variation sparse reconstruction model is presented, which considers the sparsity of regularization operator to improve the stability of the inversion process. The adaptive split Bregman iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the inverse optimization problem. The computation is simplified by splitting the complex optimization problem into simple subproblems. The results show that the algorithm can obtain stable model updates, and numerical experiments prove the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm.
Robust Observer-Based Visual Servo Control for Quadrotors Tracking Unknown Moving Targets

This article addresses the image-based control problem of a quadrotor for tracking an unknown moving target under external disturbances. Based on the continuous observer design, a constructive image-based visual servoing (IBVS) geometric tracking control strategy is proposed and utilized. First, a higher order sliding mode observer is designed based on image dynamics for continuous estimation of unmeasurable linear velocities and time-varying disturbances. Furthermore, exploiting the linear quadratic regulator optimal design method, an outer loop IBVS controller is proposed such that the position of the quadrotor converges to the desired tracking pattern. Next, an inner loop geometric controller is designed using Lie algebra functions to regulate the attitudes. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is rigorously proven that the proposed IBVS geometric controller achieves asymptotic stability. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach against uncertain targets, time-varying disturbances, and large initial inclination angles are demonstrated through numerical simulations and experiments.
The Age of Taurus: Environmental Effects on Disc Lifetimes

Abstract Using semi-empirical isochrones, we find the age of the Taurus star-forming region to be 3-4 Myr. Comparing the disc fraction in Taurus to young massive clusters suggests discs survive longer in this low density environment. We also present a method of photometrically de-reddening young stars using iZJH data.
Chaplygin gas halos

Unification of dark matter and dark energy as short- and long-range manifestations of a single cosmological substance is possible in models described by the generalized Chaplygin gas equation of state. We show it admits halo-like structures and discuss their density profiles, the resulting space-time geometry and the rotational velocity profiles expected in these models.
Time-dependent CP violation in B decays at Belle

Using the full data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energye + e collider, we present three recent measurements of time-dependent CP violation in B decays, and a measurement of branching fraction of the B 0 ! r 0 r 0 decay. We studied B! wK decays and measured the values of CP violation parameters in B 0 ! wK 0 S to be A wK 0 S = 0:36 0:19(stat) 0:05(syst) and S wK0 = +0:91 0:32(stat) 0:05(syst), which gives the first evidence of CP violation in this decay. In addition, we measured the direct CP violation in B + ! wK + to be ACP(B + ! wK + ) = 0:03 0:04(stat) 0:01(syst), and two branching fractions B(B 0 ! wK 0 ) = (4:5 0:4(stat) 0:3(syst)) 10 6 and B(B + ! wK + ) = (6:8 0:4(stat) 0:4(syst)) 10 6 (preliminary). From the measurement of CP violation parameters in the B 0 ! h 0 K 0 decay we obtain Sh0K0 = 0:68 0:07(stat) 0:03(syst) and Ah0K0 = +0:03 0:05(stat) 0:03(syst) (preliminary), which are the world’s most precise values to date. Measuring CP violating parameters in the B 0 ! p + p decay gives Ap+p = +0:33 0:06(stat) 0:03(syst) and Sp+p = 0:64 0:08(stat) 0:03(syst). This result is used in an isospin analysis to constrain the f2 angle of the unitarity triangle, with which we rule out the region 23:8 < f2 < 66:8 at the 1s confidence level. The measured branching fraction of the B 0 ! r 0 r 0 decay is B(B 0 ! r 0 r 0 ) = (1:02 0:30(stat) 0:15(syst)) 10 6 , with the fraction of longitudially polarized r 0 mesons being fL = 0:21 +0:18 0:22 0:13. From the same measurement we obtain also the first evidence of the B 0 ! f0r 0 decay, by measuring B(B 0 ! f0r 0 ) B(f0! p + p ) = (0:86 0:27(stat) 0:14(syst)) 10 6 . Using this result in an isospin analysis we obtain f2 = (91:0 7:2) .
NAM and TPB Approach to Consumers’ Decision-Making Framework in the Context of Indoor Smart Farm Restaurants

The movement toward smart farming, which has productivity and eco-friendly roles, is emerging in the foodservice industry in the form of indoor smart farm restaurants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumer decision-making processes in the context of indoor smart farm restaurants. The investigational framework was designed around the norm activation model (NAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), with the moderating role of age. In particular, this study merged NAM and TPB to assess the effect of awareness of consumption consequences on consumers’ attitudes as well as the role played by subjective norms in the formation of personal norms. Data were collected from 304 respondents in South Korea. As a result of structural equation modeling, the proposed hypotheses of causal relationships were generally supported, excluding only the relationship between subjective norm and behavioral intention. The moderating role of age was identified in the relationships between (1) subjective norm and attitude, and (2) personal norm and behavioral intention. This study presents not only theoretical contributions as the first empirical study on consumer behavior in the context of indoor smart farm restaurants but also presents practical suggestions from the perspective of green marketing.
The Cosmic Linear Anisotropy Solving System (CLASS) III: Comparision with CAMB for LambdaCDM

By confronting the two independent Boltzmann codes CLASS and CAMB, we establish that for concordance cosmology and for a given recombination history, lensed CMB and matter power spectra can be computed by current codes with an accuracy of 0.01%. We list a few tiny changes in CAMB which are necessary in order to reach such a level. Using the common limit of the two codes as a set of reference spectra, we derive precision settings corresponding to fixed levels of error in the computation of a CMB likelihood. We find that for a given precision level, CLASS is about 2.5 times faster than CAMB for computing the lensed CMB spectra of a LambdaCDM model. The nature of the main improvements in CLASS (which may each contribute to these performances) is discussed in companion papers.
Testing viscous and anisotropic hydrodynamics in an exactly solvable case

We exactly solve the one-dimensional boost-invariant Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation for arbitrary shear viscosity. The results are compared with the predictions of viscous and anisotropic hydrodynamics. Studying different non-equilibrium cases and comparing the exact kinetic-theory results to the second-order viscous hydrodynamics results we find that recent formulations of second-order viscous hydrodynamics agree better with the exact solution than the standard Israel-Stewart approach. Additionally, we find that, given the appropriate connection between the kinetic and anisotropic hydrodynamics relaxation times, anisotropic hydrodynamics provides a very good approximation to the exact relaxation time approximation solution.
COVID-19 machine learning model predicts outcomes in older patients from various European countries, between pandemic waves, and in a cohort of Asian, African, and American patients

Background COVID-19 remains a complex disease in terms of its trajectory and the diversity of outcomes rendering disease management and clinical resource allocation challenging. Varying symptomatology in older patients as well as limitation of clinical scoring systems have created the need for more objective and consistent methods to aid clinical decision making. In this regard, machine learning methods have been shown to enhance prognostication, while improving consistency. However, current machine learning approaches have been limited by lack of generalisation to diverse patient populations, between patients admitted at different waves and small sample sizes. Objectives We sought to investigate whether machine learning models, derived on routinely collected clinical data, can generalise well i) between European countries, ii) between European patients admitted at different COVID-19 waves, and iii) between geographically diverse patients, namely whether a model derived on the European patient cohort can be used to predict outcomes of patients admitted to Asian, African and American ICUs. Methods We compare Logistic Regression, Feed Forward Neural Network and XGBoost algorithms to analyse data from 3,933 older patients with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in predicting three outcomes, namely: ICU mortality, 30-day mortality and patients at low risk of deterioration. The patients were admitted to ICUs located in 37 countries, between January 11, 2020, and April 27, 2021. Results The XGBoost model derived on the European cohort and externally validated in cohorts of Asian, African, and American patients, achieved AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.89–0.89) in predicting ICU mortality, AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.86–0.86) for 30-day mortality prediction and AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.86–0.86) in predicting low-risk patients. Similar AUC performance was achieved also when predicting outcomes between European countries and between pandemic waves, while the models showed high calibration quality. Furthermore, saliency analysis showed that FiO2 values of up to 40% do not appear to increase the predicted risk of ICU and 30-day mortality, while PaO2 values of 75 mmHg or lower are associated with a sharp increase in the predicted risk of ICU and 30-day mortality. Lastly, increase in SOFA scores also increase the predicted risk, but only up to a value of 8. Beyond these scores the predicted risk remains consistently high. Conclusion The models captured both the dynamic course of the disease as well as similarities and differences between the diverse patient cohorts, enabling prediction of disease severity, identification of low-risk patients and potentially supporting effective planning of essential clinical resources. Trial registration number NCT04321265.
The star-formation rates of 1.5 < z < 2.5 massive galaxies

The star formation rate (SFR) is a key parameter in the study of galaxy evolution. The accuracy of SFR measurements at z ∼ 2 has been questioned following a disagreement between observations and theoretical models. The latter predict SFRs at this redshift that are typically a factor 4 or more lower than the measurements. We present star-formation rates based on calorimetric measurements of the far-infrared (FIR) luminosities for massive 1.5 12.2 L� . The SFGs and AGNs tend to exhibit the same 24 μm excess. The UV SFRs are in closer agreement with the FIR-based SFRs. Using a Calzetti UV extinction correction results in a mean excess of up to 0.3 dex and a scatter of 0.35 dex from the FIR SFRs. The previous UV SFRs are thus confirmed and the mean excess, while narrowing the gap, is insufficient to explain the discrepancy between the observed SFRs and simulation predictions.
Improved effective-one-body description of coalescing nonspinning black-hole binaries and its numerical-relativity completion

We improve the effective-one-body (EOB) description of nonspinning coalescing black hole binaries by incorporating several recent analytical advances, notably: (i) logarithmic contributions to the conservative dynamics; (ii) resummed horizon-absorption contribution to the orbital angular momentum loss; and (iii) a specific radial component of the radiation reaction force implied by consistency with the azimuthal one. We then complete this analytically improved EOB model by comparing it to accurate numerical relativity (NR) simulations performed by the Caltech-Cornell-CITA group for mass ratios $q=(1,2,3,4,6)$. In particular, the comparison to NR data allows us to determine with high-accuracy ($\sim 10^{-4}$) the value of the main EOB radial potential: $A(u;\,\nu)$, where $u=GM/(R c^2)$ is the inter-body gravitational potential and $\nu=q/(q+1)^2$ is the symmetric mass ratio. We introduce a new technique for extracting from NR data an intrinsic measure of the phase evolution, ($Q_\omega(\omega)$ diagnostics). Aligning the NR-completed EOB quadrupolar waveform and the NR one at low frequencies, we find that they keep agreeing (in phase and amplitude) within the NR uncertainties throughout the evolution for all mass ratios considered. We also find good agreement for several subdominant multipoles without having to introduce and tune any extra parameters.
Broad-band observations of the Be/X-ray binary pulsar RX J0440.9+4431: discovery of a cyclotron absorption line

We report the results of an analysis of data obtained with the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), Swift and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observatories during the 2010 April and September outbursts of the X-ray pulsar RX J0440.9+4431. The temporal and spectral properties of the pulsar in a wide energy band (0.6–120 keV) were studied for the first time. We discovered a ∼32-keV cyclotron resonant scattering feature in the source spectrum that allowed us to estimate the magnetic field strength of the neutron star as B≃ 3.2 × 1012 G. The estimate of the magnetic field strength was confirmed by a comprehensive analysis of the noise power spectrum of the source. Based on the recurrence time between Type I outbursts, the orbital period of the binary system can be estimated as ∼155 d. We have shown that the pulse profile has a sinusoidal-like single-peaked shape and has practically no dependence on the source luminosity or energy band.
The role of quantum-well states and carrier scattering times on discontinuities in opto-electrical characteristics of SCH lasers

Drift-diffusion computer simulations model available in Synopsys' Sentaurus TCAD is used to study electrical, I-V, and optical, I-L, characteristics of separate-confinement heterostructure laser based on $AlGaAs$. We investigate the role of the width and depth of Quantum Well (QW) active region, below and above the lasing threshold. The device properties depend on both, the number of bound QW states and on closeness of the highest bound states to conduction or valence band offset. The lasing action may not exist at certain widths or hights of QW, and the threshold current is a discontinuous function of these parameters. The effects are more pronounced at low temperatures. Discontinuities in characteristics are found, at certain conditions, in temperature dependencies as well. The carriers scattering time on QW is shown to have the crucial role on amplitude of discontinuities.
TRUST: Through-Silicon via Repair Using Switch Matrix Topology

To address the demand for memory scaling capabilities, 3-D integrated circuits (3D-ICs) based on short and dense through-silicon vias (TSVs) have been introduced. However, the defects of TSVs considerably influence the yield and reliability of 3D-ICs. For this reason, TSV repair using switch matrix (SM) topology (TRUST) is proposed in this article. TRUST adopts an SM, which has a high routing flexibility, to realize TSV connections. Consequently, a 100% repair rate can be achieved for the 3D-ICs that have faulty TSVs smaller than or equal to redundant TSVs. Furthermore, TRUST utilizes content-addressable memories in built-in self-repair to identify TSV repair paths via a simple TSV repair path search algorithm. For this reason, TRUST can be applied to repair manufacturing and aging defects of TSVs. Nevertheless, TRUST can be applied with reasonable area and delay overheads, such as 58.3% area reduction and 55.1% delay reduction compared to the only conventional TSV repair architecture that can achieve the optimal repair rate. In addition, the area ratios in high bandwidth memory (HBM) and HBM2 are only 5.3% and much smaller than 0.1%, respectively. The advantages are experimentally verified.
Chemical Modifications of Normal and Waxy Potato Starches Affect Functional Properties of Aerogels

Aerogels are of increasing interest because of their exceptionally large surface area, porous structure, and low weight. Despite the significant increase in interest in the subject of starch-based aerogels, the number of detailed studies is rather scarce, which is especially evident in the case of chemically modified derivatives. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the physicochemical properties of aerogels from chemically modified potato starch preparations (E 1422 and E 1450) obtained both from normal and waxy starches. Aerogels were prepared through the retrogradation of starch pastes followed by the gradual replacement of water with ethyl alcohol. The obtained preparations were characterized in terms of their bulk density, oil-binding capacity, as well as the texture and rheological properties of the formed pastes. Moreover, their usefulness was evaluated in an emulsion system employing rheological and low-field NMR methods. The obtained aerogels were characterized by a lower bulk density of 0.18–0.59 g/cm3 and 5.4–6.6 times higher oil-binding capacity compared to native potato starch. The chemical modification of starch helped to further alter the functional properties of the obtained aerogels, making them more effective oil binders, emulsifiers, and stabilizers (increasing the stability from 55 to 90%), which was especially evident for E 1450 preparation. Amylose content improved the aerogel properties, as waxy preparations were characterized by worse functional properties with the only exception of improved thickening ability. The most beneficial properties for the preparation of emulsions were observed for the aerogel obtained based on E 1450 normal potato starch.
Quasar-mode Feedback in Nearby Type 1 Quasars: Ubiquitous Kiloparsec-scale Outflows and Correlations with Black Hole Properties

The prevalence and properties of kiloparsec-scale outflows in nearby Type 1 quasars have been the subject of little previous attention. This work presents Gemini integral field spectroscopy of 10 Type 1 radio-quiet quasars at . The excellent image quality, coupled with a new technique to remove the point-spread function using spectral information, allows the fitting of the underlying host on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis. Fits to stars, line-emitting gas, and interstellar absorption show that 100% of the sample hosts warm ionized and/or cool neutral outflows with spatially averaged velocities ( ) of 200–1300 and peak velocities (maximum ) of 500–2600 . These minor-axis outflows are powered primarily by the central active galactic nucleus, reach scales of 3–12 kpc, and often fill the field of view. Including molecular data and Type 2 quasar measurements, nearby quasars show a wide range in mass outflow rates ( to ) and momentum boosts ]. After extending the mass scale to Seyferts, dM/dt and dE/dt correlate with black hole mass ( and ). Thus, the most massive black holes in the local universe power the most massive and energetic quasar-mode winds.
Measurement of Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries for J/ψ Production in Polarized p + p Collisions at √s = 200 GeV

In this paper the first measurement of transverse SSAs in J/ψ production is presented. The data were taken by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) during the 2006 and 2008 polarized proton run at √s = 200 GeV. The pT and xF dependencies are studied, for rapidity regions of -2.2 < y < -1.2, |y| < 0.35, and 1.2 < y 2.2, and pT up to 6 GeV/c. Results were obtained as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum and Feynman-x.
Ratchet effects in two-dimensional systems with a lateral periodic potential

Radiation-induced ratchet electric currents have been studied theoretically in graphene with a periodic noncentrosymmetric lateral potential. The ratchet current generated under normal incidence is shown to consist of two contributions, one of them being polarization-independent and proportional to the energy relaxation time, and another controlled solely by elastic scattering processes and sensitive to both the linear and circular polarization of radiation. Two realistic mechanisms of electron scattering in graphene are considered. For short-range defects, the ratchet current is helicity-dependent but independent of the direction of linear polarization. For the Coulomb impurity scattering, the ratchet current is forbidden for the radiation linearly polarized in the plane perpendicular to the lateral-potential modulation direction. For comparison, the ratchet currents in a quantum well with a lateral superlattice are calculated at low temperatures with allowance for the dependence of the momentum relaxation time on the electron energy.