Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autonomy and relatedness in adolescent-family interactions as predictors of young adults' states of mind regarding attachment

Abstract This study examined the extent to which the diverging pathways taken by adolescents and their parents in establishing autonomy and relatedness in their interactions at age 14 served as stage-specific markers of underlying attachment processes that could help predict states of mind regarding attachment of the adolescents 11 years later as young adults. Adolescents in two-parent families (N=73) and their parents, originally selected from either a high school sample or a psychiatrically hospitalized sample, participated in a revealed differences family interaction task when adolescents were 14 years of age. At age 25, subjects were reinterviewed using the Adult Attachment Interview, which yielded ratings of specific states of mind and overall organization of models of attachment relationships. After accounting for the prior psychiatric history of the sample (which was highly related to attachment insecurity) and global indices of functioning in both adolescence and young adulthood, coherence/ security in adults' states of mind regarding attachment was predicted from maternal behaviors promoting adolescent autonomy and relatedness 11 years earlier. One indicator of adult preoccupation with attachment relationships, passivity of thought processes, was predicted from adolescents' autonomy-inhibiting behaviors, specifically from the presence of enmeshing behaviors and the absence of distancing behaviors. Results are interpreted as suggesting that establishing autonomy and relatedness with parents may be an attachment-related, developmental task for both normal and at-risk adolescents, and that serious psychopathology and difficulties establishing autonomy and relatedness in adolescence may represent two independent pathways to insecure attachment models in young adulthood.
Reply: The Impact of Postoperative Expansion Initiation Timing on Breast Expander Capsular Characteristics: A Prospective Combined Clinical and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study.

239e Reply: The impact of Postoperative expansion initiation Timing on Breast expander Capsular Characteristics: A Prospective Combined Clinical and scanning electron Microscopy study Sir: Dr. Myckatyn et al.’s comments regarding our article reflect the challenges of reporting biofilm analyses in scanning electron microscopy studies. The current definition of biofilm includes two main elements: (1) bacterial cells irreversibly attached to a living or inert surface/interface and (2) an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, comprising noncellular and abiotic components, produced by these cells.1 Biofilms cannot be simply regarded as an aggregate of bacteria; in our article, we described the biofilms using features and terms found across the medical and industrial literature. In our study, we observed thick biofilms presenting as acellular layers; importantly, the outer borders of our samples do in fact reveal bacteria in variable amounts, progressively embedded inside the maturing biofilm (Fig. 1). Biofilm characterization was performed by obtaining multiple high-magnification images before concluding that the thick acellular slime was the result of bacterial production. Bacteria with a sessile phenotype secrete the extracellular polymeric substances, which are composed of variable amounts of polysaccharide proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biopolymers. Biofilm may also contain red blood cells and leukocytes. Its overall thickness may be up to 50 to 100 μm because of the layering of multiple stacks of bacteria, which themselves measure only 0.2 to 2 μm. 2,3 Moreover, the sessile bacteria phenotype is induced by the most turbulent flow conditions.1 Biofilm that develops during exposure to high shear stress demonstrates a modified composition that is characteristically thicker and stronger.4 In catheter and implant infections, Staphylococcus aureus produces a slimy biofilm, whereas in vitro the extracellular polymeric substance production is inconsistent.5 Therefore, the direct comparison of human periprosthetic samples and bacteria grown in a petri dish as presented by Dr. Myckatyn is not acceptable, as physiologic and nurturing conditions are completely different. We believe that the shear stress induced by early inflation of the expander contributes to alteration in bacteria phenotype and their extracellular polymeric substance expression, thereby potentially rendering them thicker. Biofilms observed in human conditions cannot be considered equivalent to in vitro biofilms. Importantly, the precise science and implications of biofilm are still under investigation; moving forward, it is essential to synthesize the relevant findings found across multiple platforms in various scientific domains to further advance our knowledge in this field. Only then will a clear consensus on definitions and ultrastructural descriptions be possible. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001902
A REVIEW: LOVASTATIN PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS

Cholesterol is an organic compound, which is produced in humans by a complex metabolism. It acts as a precursor for the synthesis of many steroids, vitamin D and also helps in membrane transport. Increase of cholesterol in humans, leads to Cardio Vascular Disorders and finally death. This can be reduced by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase, which is an important precursor in formation of mevolanate from Acetyl CoA. Inhibition is done by statin drug, which is produced by many fungi through polyketide pathway. Many fungus produce lovastatin, while other statins like rosuvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin are synthesized from lovastatin and mevastatin. Other than reduction of cholesterol, lovastatin is shown to provide various medicinal properties like anti-cancer, bone maturation, multiple sclerosis. In this review, a detailed note on various organisms employed for the production of lovastatin and different fermentation techniques for the same was studied. This review also helps in understating the inhibition of HMG-CoA reducatse and various medicinal properties of lovastatin. Keywords: Lovastatin, Fungus, Submerged fermentation, Solid state fermentation, HMG-CoA reducatse.
B-SOLANA: an approach for the analysis of two-base encoding bisulfite sequencing data

Summary: Bisulfite sequencing, a combination of bisulfite treatment and high-throughput sequencing, has proved to be a valuable method for measuring DNA methylation at single base resolution. Here, we present B-SOLANA, an approach for the analysis of two-base encoding (colorspace) bisulfite sequencing data on the SOLiD platform of Life Technologies. It includes the alignment of bisulfite sequences and the determination of methylation levels in CpG as well as non-CpG sequence contexts. B-SOLANA enables a fast and accurate analysis of large raw sequence datasets. Availability and implementation: The source code, released under the GNU GPLv3 licence, is freely available at http://code.google. com/p/bsolana/. Contact: b.kreck@ikmb.uni-kiel.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multiple carriers for dipeptide transport: carrier-mediated transport of glycyl-L-proline in renal BBMV.

To determine whether multiple carriers are responsible for luminal uptake of glycyl-L-proline (Gly-Pro) in the renal proximal tubule, transport of Gly-[3H]Pro was measured in brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV). A Line-weaver-Burk analysis of Michaelis-Menten kinetics revealed the presence of two carriers: a lower affinity, higher capacity carrier (Km = 1.3 x 10(-2) M; Vmax = 4.6 x 10(-8) mol.mg-1.min-1) and a higher affinity, lower capacity carrier (Km = 2.7 x 10(-7) M; Vmax = 7.8 x 10(-13) mol.mg-1.min-1). The dipeptides Gly-Sar, beta Ala-His, and pyroGlu-His competitively inhibited the low-affinity carrier. No effect on the Km or Vmax of Gly-Pro transport in this range was seen in the presence of the dipeptides Gly-Gly or cycloHis-Pro. The high-affinity carrier exhibited a different inhibition spectrum. Competitive inhibition of Gly-Pro transport was demonstrated for the dipeptides Gly-Gly and Gly-Sar. However, none of the other peptides tested above altered Gly-Pro transport in the high-affinity range, including pyroGlu-His, which is transported by a high-affinity carrier. At both low (4 x 10(-8) M) and high (4 x 10(-3) M) concentrations, uptake of Gly-Pro was stimulated in the presence of an inwardly directed H+ gradient but was unaffected by the presence of an inward Na+ gradient. In addition, measurements in the presence of valinomycin and an outwardly directed K+ gradient strongly suggest that H(+)-stimulated uptake at both concentrations is electrogenic. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neglected Reinforcers in the College Classroom.

Consequences that are likely to improve achievement are often unimaginatively used at the college level. The purpose of the present study is to assess whether classroom events, which are often granted but infrequently evaluated, can be used as reinforcers for achievement. Students' performance is compared under a contingency and a noncontingency condition, using a repeated measures factorial design. Students perform better when they can earn points toward options such as the opportunity to drop low scores, be excused from the final examination, and turn in work for extra credit. It is concluded that events such as these should not be ignored and that they should be considered seriously whenever designing a course.
Late onset muscle plasticity in the whisker pad of enucleated rats

Blindness leads to a major reorganization of neural pathways associated with touch. Because incoming somatosensory information influences motor output, it is plausible that motor plasticity occurs in the blind. In this work, we evaluated this issue at the peripheral level in enucleated rats. Whisker muscles in enucleated rats 160 days of age or older showed increased cytochrome oxidase activity, capillary density, motor plate size, and amplitude of evoked field potentials as compared with their control counterparts. Such differences were not observed at ages 10 and 60 days, the capillary density was the exception being greater in the enucleated rat at the latter age. Interestingly, there was a trend to increased neurotrophin-3 concentrations in the whisker pads of enucleated rats throughout postnatal development. Our results show that neonatal enucleation leads to late onset plasticity of the whisker's motor system.
Hyaluronic acid gel ( Juvéderm™) preparations in the treatment of facial wrinkles and folds

Soft tissue augmentation with temporary dermal fillers is a continuously growing field, supported by the ongoing development and advances in technology and biocompatibility of the products marketed. The longer lasting, less immunogenic and thus more convenient hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are encompassing by far the biggest share of the temporary dermal filler market. Since the approval of the first HA filler, Restylane®, there are at least 10 HA fillers that have been approved by the FDA. Not all of the approved HA fillers are available on the market, and many more are coming. The Juvéderm™ product line (Allergan, Irvine, CA), consisting of Juvéderm™ Plus and Juvéderm™ Ultra Plus, was approved by the FDA in 2006. Juvéderm™ is a bacterium-derived nonanimal stabilized HA. Juvéderm™ Ultra and Ultra Plus are smooth, malleable gels with a homologous consistency that use a new technology called “Hylacross™ technology”. They have a high concentration of cross-linked HAs, which accounts for its longevity. Juvéderm™ Ultra Plus is used for volumizing and correcting deeper folds, whereas Juvéderm™ Ultra is best for contouring and volumizing medium depth facial wrinkles and lip augmentation. Various studies have shown the superiority of the HA filler products compared with collagen fillers for duration, volume needed, and patient satisfaction. Restylane®, Perlane®, and Juvéderm™ are currently the most popular dermal fillers used in the United States.
Stability and Stabilization of Impulsive Stochastic Delay Difference Equations

When an impulsive control is adopted for a stochastic delay difference system (SDDS), there are at least two situations that should be contemplated. If the SDDS is stable, then what kind of impulse can the original system tolerate to keep stable? If the SDDS is unstable, then what kind of impulsive strategy should be taken to make the system stable? Using the Lyapunov-Razumikhin technique, we establish criteria for the stability of impulsive stochastic delay difference equations and these criteria answer those questions. As for applications, we consider a kind of impulsive stochastic delay difference equation and present some corollaries to our main results.
Forecasting software damage rate from cognitive bias in software requirements gathering and specification process

Human is the most important resource in the software project and has become the key success factor of the software project in terms of quality which is called “Human factor”. In this paper, the focus will be on the behavioral perspective of human factor in terms of psychological effect, especially on the cognitive bias at the early stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC). We aim to present a multiple regression and correlation analysis method of the human cognitive bias in the software requirements gathering and specification process, where the biases are assigned to the independent variables that affect the dependent variable or the software damage rate. The execution of our method will lead to the discovery of the factors that may affect the software damage rate.
Liberated to learn: Teacher education as transformation of relationships

AbstractThis paper reports on a process of curriculum innovation for a pedagogy course with a focus on the perceptual gaps between teacher educators and student teachers. As a collaborative inquiry by teacher educators, it was a response to government-led education reform for a new subject at senior secondary level – Liberal Studies – which aimed to cultivate citizenship with humanitarian values. Observing critical discourse and community learning as desirable pedagogical principles to nurture a new generation of teachers for social awareness and commitment to citizenship, the curriculum innovation began with recognition of student teachers' lack of readiness to embrace such learning orientations due to the pre-university approach to learning for examination performance. The challenges were met with the design of assessment tasks that shaped independent thinking and collaborative inquiry, while building relationships in multiple human and conceptual dimensions. Through analysis of a flow of episodes, the .
The BRG1 Chromatin Remodeler Protects Against Ovarian Cysts, Uterine Tumors, and Mammary Tumors in a Lineage-Specific Manner

The BRG1 catalytic subunit of SWI/SNF-related complexes is required for mammalian development as exemplified by the early embryonic lethality of Brg1 null homozygous mice. BRG1 is also a tumor suppressor and, in mice, 10% of heterozygous (Brg1null/+) females develop mammary tumors. We now demonstrate that BRG1 mRNA and protein are expressed in both the luminal and basal cells of the mammary gland, raising the question of which lineage requires BRG1 to promote mammary homeostasis and prevent oncogenic transformation. To investigate this question, we utilized Wap-Cre to mutate both Brg1 floxed alleles in the luminal cells of the mammary epithelium of pregnant mice where WAP is exclusively expressed within the mammary gland. Interestingly, we found that Brg1Wap-Cre conditional homozygotes lactated normally and did not develop mammary tumors even when they were maintained on a Brm-deficient background. However, Brg1Wap-Cre mutants did develop ovarian cysts and uterine tumors. Analysis of these latter tissues showed that both, like the mammary gland, contain cells that normally express Brg1 and Wap. Thus, tumor formation in Brg1 mutant mice appears to be confined to particular cell types that require BRG1 and also express Wap. Our results now show that such cells exist both in the ovary and the uterus but not in either the luminal or the basal compartments of the mammary gland. Taken together, these findings indicate that SWI/SNF-related complexes are dispensable in the luminal cells of the mammary gland and therefore argue against the notion that SWI/SNF-related complexes are essential for cell survival. These findings also suggest that the tumor-suppressor activity of BRG1 is restricted to the basal cells of the mammary gland and demonstrate that this function extends to other female reproductive organs, consistent with recent observations of recurrent ARID1A/BAF250a mutations in human ovarian and endometrial tumors.
Error Resilient Real-Time Multimedia Streaming over Vehicular Networks

This paper focuses on the optimized transmission of multimedia sequences over vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Among the main drawbacks of the high node mobility of the vehicular scenario are the high channel loss rate, burst length and intermittent connectivity. To allow real-time streaming of media sequences in such a scenario, we propose a technique based on forward error correction (FEC) and interleaving algorithms able to recover most of packet losses and reduce the length of the error bursts. The proposed technique is based on the optimization of the FEC/Interleaving parameters under real-time constraints. It is implemented at packet level, to allow a straightforward adoption in the existing wireless devices. By resorting to standard compliant, real-time RTCP reports, we also develop an adaptive technique able to adapt to fast channel variations and to optimize both the overhead required by the proactive error recovery scheme and the additional delay introduced by the interleaver. Simulations based on real world experiments show that the proposed technique is able to gain over 2 dB in terms of video PSNR with respect to the standard transmission, while in the adaptive case the gain is over 2.5 dB PSNR, with a total overhead of about 50%.
Reflections on the use of Project Wonderland as a mixed-reality environment for teaching and learning

This paper reflects on the lessons learnt from MiRTLE—a collaborative research project to create a ‘mixed reality teaching and learning environment’ that enables teachers and students participating in real-time mixed and online classes to interact with avatar representations of each other. The key hypothesis of the project is that avatar representations of teachers and students can help create a sense of shared presence, engendering a greater sense of community and improving student engagement in online lessons. This paper explores the technology that underpins such environments by presenting work on the use of a massively multi-user game server, based on Sun’s Project Darkstar and Project Wonderland tools, to create a shared teaching environment, illustrating the process by describing the creation of a virtual classroom. It is planned that the MiRTLE platform will be used in several trial applications – which are described in the paper. These example applications are then used to explore some of the research issues arising from the use of virtual environments within an education environment. The research discussion initially focuses on the plans to assess this within the MiRTLE project. This includes some of the issues of designing virtual environments for teaching and learning, and how supporting pedagogical and social theories can inform this process.
Intenção de permanência na organização: um constituinte ou consequente do comprometimento organizacional?

The desire to remain in the organization has been considered either as a component of organizational commitment or its outcome. This research aimed to test the influence of both traditional attitudinal variables (affective and continuance basis) and the behavioral intentions to organizational commitment variable on the intention to stay. To test the relationships between these variables, we selected 1,869 workers in the north, northeast and southern Brazil, who filled out a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple regression procedures and structural equation modeling. The results showed that: a) None of the variables constituting the continuance basis predict significantly the measure of intentions to stay, b) Affective basis is the strongest variable predicting the intentions to stay, and c) Behavioral intentions to remain in the organization is not an organizational commitment component.
Use of Critical Analysis Method to Conduct a Cognitive Task Analysis of Intelligence Analysts

Intelligence analysts (IAs) engage in information seeking, evaluation, prediction, and reporting behavior in an information-intensive work environment. A Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) was conducted to capture data that will provide input to support development of a model of the IAs processes, biases, and analytic strategies. A hybrid method was used to conduct the CTA, including a modified version of the critical decision method — the critical analysis method. The essential distinction was that participants were asked to describe an example of a strategic analysis problem. Procedures used to conduct the critical analysis method are described in this paper. Several factors contribute to making the IA's task challenging: (i) time pressure to produce reports in a shorter timeframe, (ii) a high cognitive workload, and (iii) difficult human judgments that are required regarding uncertain validity and reliability of the data. Human judgments are involved in considering the plausibility of information, deciding what information to trust, and determining how much weight to place on specific pieces of data. Intelligence analysis involves a complex process of assessing the reliability of information from a wide variety of sources and combining seemingly unrelated events. This problem is challenging because it involves aspects of data mining, data correlation and human judgment.
FGF4 Independent Derivation of Trophoblast Stem Cells from the Common Vole

The derivation of stable multipotent trophoblast stem (TS) cell lines from preimplantation, and early postimplantation mouse embryos has been reported previously. FGF4, and its receptor FGFR2, have been identified as embryonic signaling factors responsible for the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of multipotent TS cells. Here we report the derivation of stable TS-like cell lines from the vole M. rossiaemeridionalis, in the absence of FGF4 and heparin. Vole TS-like cells are similar to murine TS cells with respect to their morphology, transcription factor gene expression and differentiation in vitro into derivatives of the trophectoderm lineage, and with respect to their ability to invade and erode host tissues, forming haemorrhagic tumours after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. Moreover, vole TS-like cells carry an inactive paternal X chromosome, indicating that they have undergone imprinted X inactivation, which is characteristic of the trophoblast lineage. Our results indicate that an alternative signaling pathway may be responsible for the establishment and stable proliferation of vole TS-like cells.