Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metformin Confers Cardiac and Renal Protection in Sudden Cardiac Arrest via AMPK Activation

27 Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) affects over 600,000 individuals annually in the United States and is 28 associated with substantial mortality. After resuscitation, multi-system organ damage is common and 29 largely attributable to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The anti-diabetic drug metformin improves cardiac 30 outcomes in models of myocardial ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion. In this study, we evaluated the 31 role of metformin pretreatment in a mouse model of SCA. We found that two weeks of metformin 32 pretreatment protects cardiac ejection fraction and reduces acute kidney injury post-SCA in non-diabetic 33 mice. Further, metformin pretreatment prior to SCA activates AMPK signaling and is associated with 34 altered mitochondrial dynamics and markers of autophagy following arrest. Direct AMPK activation and 35 inhibition studies demonstrate that activation is necessary and sufficient for metformin-mediated 36 protection of cardiac and renal tissues in this model. We were unable to demonstrate cardiac protection 37 with a single-dose metformin rescue therapy. Importantly, these findings translate into patients. We 38 retrospectively evaluated the extent of cardiac and kidney damage in diabetic patients resuscitated from 39 SCA. Metformin-treated patients have less evidence of heart and kidney damage after arrest than 40 diabetics who have not received metformin. Together, these data support AMPK activation as a 41 preventive mechanism in ischemia-reperfusion injury. 42
The Coastal Belt of the Franciscan: youngest phase of northern California subduction

Summary The Coastal Belt of the Franciscan complex represents the latest Cretaceous to middle Tertiary part of the accretionary prism of an arc-trench system in northern California. On the Mendocino coast, both deformed slope and trench deposits and much less deformed slope basin deposits are recognized. Deformation increases with depth in the slope deposits, towards the contact with the accretionary prism. In the accretionary prism, bands of deformed rocks from tens of metres to kilometres in width suggest major zones of shearing. Stratigraphic tops of beds face eastward, yet palaeontological ages young westward; imbricate stacking is suggested by these relationships. Stratigraphical tops and palaeontological ages indicate that the slope basin deposits are in normal stratigraphic sequence. Facies in the accretionary prism may represent trench fill, abyssal plain, feeder channel, and small fan deposits that were accreted to the leading edge of the continent and may also include slope deposits that were deformed during progressive deformation of the accretionary prism. The less deformed slope deposits may have been deposited as slope basin turbidites, small fans, and channels. South- and south-westward-directed palaeocurrent indicators and sandstone petrology suggest sediment transport from the Klamath Mountains and Oregon across the shelf and down the slope and/or along the trench axis.
EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 20 YEARS AFTER INSTALLATION: BLACK CREEK WATERSHED, INDIANA

ABSTRACT: Millions of dollars have been spent on agricultural watershed projects across the nation, but little is known about the long-term impacts of watershed management and protection efforts. Information pertaining to long-term condition and water quality impact of best management practices (BMPs) is scarce. Evaluation methods that estimate the current condition of the practice based on visual inspection and comparison to selected original design dimensions were developed for grassed waterways, grade stabilization structures, field borders and parallel terraces. The evaluation tools were tested for validity using an expert panel approach and for reliability based on inter-rater correlation. The evaluation tool9s three-point scale rating system assigns a score of three to a BMP that was fully functional and still met its original design purpose and a score of one to a BMP that no longer performed as designed. The newly developed evaluation tools were applied to a subset of structural BMPs implemented in the late 1970s in a major watershed management project in an Indiana watershed. One-third of the BMPs no longer remain. Those BMPs that remain today are in fair condition and are reasonably functional. Grassed waterways and terraces were most likely to remain, while the field borders that still existed had the highest condition score. This study suggests that BMPs can in some cases continue to function past their design life, but serves as a reminder that BMP functional life is limited, a fact that needs to be explicitly considered in conservation and watershed planning.
MULTITEMPORAL SCALE HYDROGRAPH PREDICTION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS1

Abstract: An artificial neural network (ANN) provides a mathematically flexible structure to identify complex nonlinear relationship between inputs and outputs. A multilayer perceptron ANN technique with an error back propagation algorithm was applied to a multitime‐scale prediction of the stage of a hydro‐logically closed lake, Devils Lake (DL), and discharge of the Red River of the North at Grand Forks station (RR‐GF) in North Dakota. The modeling exercise used 1 year (2002), 5 years (1998–2002), and 27 years (1975–2002) of data for the daily, weekly, and monthly predictions, respectively. The hydrometeorological data (precipitations P(t), P(t‐1), P(t‐2), P(t‐3), antecedent runoff/lake stage R(t‐1) and air temperature T(t) were partitioned for training and for testing to predict the current hydro‐graph at the selected DL and RR‐GF stations. Performance of ANN was evaluated using three combinations of daily datasets (Input I = P(t)), P(t‐l), P(t‐2), P(t‐3), T(t) and R(t‐l); Input II = Input‐l less P(t) P(t‐l), P(t‐2), P(t‐3); and Input III = Input‐II less T(t)). Comparison of the model output using Input I data with the observed values showed average testing prediction efficiency (E) of 86 percent for DL basin and 46 percent for RR‐GF basin, and higher efficiency for the daily than monthly simulations.
Providing Patient Progress Information and Clinical Support Tools to Therapists: Effects on Patients at Risk for Treatment Failure

Providing Patient Progress Information and Clinical Support Tools to Therapists: Effects on Patients at Risk for Treatment Failure Mitchell W. Harris Department of Psychology, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Patient-focused research systems have been developed to monitor and inform therapists of patients’ treatment progress in psychotherapy as a method to enhance patient outcome. The current study examined the effects of providing treatment progress information and problemsolving tools to both patients and therapists during the course of psychotherapy. Three hundred seventy patients at a hospital-based outpatient psychotherapy clinic were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: treatment-as-usual, or an experimental condition based on the use of patient/therapist feedback and clinical decision-support tools. Patients in the feedback condition were significantly more improved at termination than the patients in the treatment as usual condition. These findings are consistent with past research on these approaches although the effect size was smaller in this study. Treatment effects were not a consequence of different amounts of psychotherapy received by experimental and control clients. Not all therapists were aided by the feedback intervention.
Detecting Parkinson's Disease From an Online Speech-task.

In this paper, we envision a web-based framework that can help anyone, anywhere around the world record a short speech task, and analyze the recorded data to screen for Parkinson's disease (PD). We collected data from 726 unique participants (262 PD, 38% female; 464 non-PD, 65% female; average age: 61) -- from all over the US and beyond. A small portion of the data was collected in a lab setting to compare quality. The participants were instructed to utter a popular pangram containing all the letters in the English alphabet "the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ". We extracted both standard acoustic features (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), jitter and shimmer variants) and deep learning based features from the speech data. Using these features, we trained several machine learning algorithms. We achieved 0.75 AUC (Area Under The Curve) performance on determining presence of self-reported Parkinson's disease by modeling the standard acoustic features through the XGBoost -- a gradient-boosted decision tree model. Further analysis reveal that the widely used MFCC features and a subset of previously validated dysphonia features designed for detecting Parkinson's from verbal phonation task (pronouncing 'ahh') contains the most distinct information. Our model performed equally well on data collected in controlled lab environment as well as 'in the wild' across different gender and age groups. Using this tool, we can collect data from almost anyone anywhere with a video/audio enabled device, contributing to equity and access in neurological care.
Worldwide spatiotemporal atmospheric ammonia (NH3) columns variability revealed by satellite

We exploit 6 years of measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/MetOp‐A instrument to identify seasonal patterns and interannual variability of atmospheric NH3. This is achieved by analyzing the time evolution of the monthly mean NH3 columns in 12 subcontinental areas around the world, simultaneously considering measurements from IASI morning and evening overpasses. For most regions, IASI has a sufficient sensitivity throughout the years to capture the seasonal patterns of NH3 columns, and we show that each region is characterized by a well‐marked and distinctive cycle, with maxima mainly related to underlying emission processes. The largest column abundances and seasonal amplitudes throughout the years are found in southwestern Asia, with maxima twice as large as what is observed in southeastern China. The relation between emission sources and retrieved NH3 columns is emphasized at a smaller regional scale by inferring a climatology of the month of maximum columns.
P‐wave tomography reveals a westward dipping low velocity zone beneath the Kenya Rift

Three teleseismic P‐wave travel time data sets (KRISP 1985, 1989–1990; Kenya Broadband Seismic Experiment) have been inverted to obtain a new tomographic model of the upper mantle beneath the Kenya Rift. The model shows a 0.5–1.5% low velocity anomaly below the rift extending to about 150 km depth. Below ∼150 km depth, the anomaly broadens to the west toward the Tanzania Craton, suggesting a westward dip to the structure. Tomographic images to the south in Tanzania and to the north in Ethiopia also show westward dipping low velocity anomalies below depths of ∼150–200 km. The presence of westward dipping low velocity structures along much of the East African rift (Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania) is difficult to explain with a plume model and is consistent with some models of the African Superplume showing anomalous lower and upper mantle structure connecting at mid‐mantle depths under the western side of East Africa.
On luminescence bleaching of tidal channel sediments

We investigate the processes responsible for bleaching of the quartz OSL signal from tidal channel sediment. Tidal dynamics are expected to play an important role for complete bleaching of tidal sediments. However, no studies have examined the amount of reworking occurring in tidal channels and on tidal flats due to the mixing caused by currents and waves. We apply bed level data to evaluate the amount of vertical sediment reworking in modern tidal channels and at a tidal flat. Cycles of deposition and erosion are measured with a bed level sensor, and the results show that gross sedimentation was several times higher than net sedimentation. We propose that tidal channel sediment is bleached either on the tidal flat before it is transported to the tidal channels and incorporated in channel-fill successions or, alternatively, on the shallow intertidal part of the channel banks. Based on the quantitative measures of sediment reworking, we suggest that repeated depositional and erosional cycles allow for complete bleaching of the tidal flat sediment, and we infer that quartz OSL dating can provide accurate ages for shallow tidal channel fill.
Combining Revealed and Stated Preference Methods to Evaluate the Use of Bicycle-Sharing Systems

The objective of this paper was to investigate the difference of behavior among the user and nonuser of bike-sharing systems. A revealed preference survey was carried out before the traditional stated preference survey, which helps to distinguish groups of respondents and variable design in the stated preference survey. Based on a large-scale combined revealed preference and stated preference survey at bus stations, metro stations, bike-sharing stations, shopping centers, and busy street corners in Shanghai, the structural equation models were used to analyze the main factor influencing people's choices and the satisfaction evaluation of bike-sharing system. It is found that bike-sharing is both a competitor and a complement to the public transit system. The users have high satisfaction with the bicycle-sharing system and the environment and bike-sharing stations to home or to metro stations are most important in influencing peoples' choice.
Near‐field seismic effects in a homogeneous medium and their removal in vertical seismic profile attenuation estimates

To better understand (and correct for) the factors affecting the estimation of attenuation (Q), we simulate subsurface wave propagation with the Weyl/Sommerfeld integral. The complete spherical wavefield emanating from a P‐wave point source surrounded by a homogeneous, isotropic and attenuative medium is thus computed. In a resulting synthetic vertical seismic profile, we observe near‐field and far‐field responses and a 90° phase rotation between them. Depth dependence of the magnitude spectra in these two depth regions is distinctly different. The logarithm of the magnitude spectra shows a linear dependence on frequency in the far‐field but not in those depth regions where the near‐field becomes significant. Near‐field effects are one possible explanation for large positive and even negative Q‐factors in the shallow section that may be estimated from real vertical seismic profile data when applying the spectral ratio method. We outline a near‐field compensation technique that can reduce errors in the resultant Q estimates.
Incidence, mechanism and risk factors for injury in youth rock climbers

Background Rock-climbing participation has grown globally in recent years, and the sport was officially recognised by the International Olympic Committee in 2010. The epidemiology of climbing injuries in adults has been examined, but few studies have investigated injury in youth climbers. Objective To examine the incidence, mechanisms and risk factors for injury in recreational and elite sport climbers and boulderers aged 11–19 years. Study design Cross-sectional. Methods Youth (n=116) were recruited from climbing facilities across Alberta, Canada. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire from October 2012 to March 2013. Climbing injury incidence proportions and incidence rates (IR) were calculated. ORs with corresponding 95% CIs were estimated for possible risk factors. Results The injury IR was 4.44 injuries/1000 climbing hours (95% CI 3.74 to 5.23). Sprains (27%) and strains (26%) were the predominant injury types, and repetitive overuse was the primary mechanism of injury (42%). Hands and fingers were the most commonly injured locations (21%). Exploratory analyses showed three risk factors for injury: older age (15–19 vs 11–14 years; OR=11.30, 95% CI 2.33 to 54.85), injury in a sport other than climbing (OR=6.46, 95% CI 1.62 to 25.68) and preventive taping (OR=5.09, 95% CI 1.44 to 18.02). Conclusions Injury risk is high in youth climbers. Findings are consistent with the reported rates, types and mechanisms in adults. Modifiable risk factors warrant further investigation to inform the development of injury prevention strategies, targeting high-risk climbers including adolescents and those with previous injury.
Contributions of gamma‐ray spectrometry to terrestrial impact crater studies: The example of Serra da Cangalha, northeastern Brazil

Several geophysical methods have been used for decades for the identification and exploration of impact craters. Most of them are based on seismic, potential fields and electrical data, focusing on exploration of anomalies caused by changes in physical properties or by structures associated with the formation of the crater. Gamma‐ray spectrometry is usually not mentioned among the geophysical methods employed in crater studies, although it is known that impact cratering processes cause a number of physical/chemical changes in the country rocks. These changes include the remobilization of hydrothermal fluids which directly modify the composition of target rocks and, subsidiarily, of soils related to these rocks. Therefore, the distribution of radioactive elementsK, Th and Uhas the potential to map such modifications. We present the analysis of gamma‐ray signatures at the Serra da Cangalha impact structure, located in northeastern Brazil, using methods for enhancingKanomalies and also the overall gamma‐ray signatures. These results provide valuable information on the distinct zones within the crater and might contribute to the understanding of hydrothermal enrichment processes produced as a result of the impact event.
A combined parameter scaling and inverse technique to upscale the unsaturated hydraulic parameters for heterogeneous soils

Determining a large number of soil hydraulic parameters for heterogeneous soils remains a challenge because inverting for too many parameters can lead to parameter values that are nonunique. Furthermore, such inversions may need very long simulation times, for example, months or more when inverting field‐scale problems. In this research, a combined parameter scaling and inverse technique (CPSIT) is proposed to upscale hydraulic parameters from the local scale to the field scale. The CPSIT approach includes two steps: (1) parameter scaling and (2) inverse modeling. In step 1 the number of parameters to be estimated at field scale (FS) is reduced by applying parameter scaling whereby a heterogeneous soil is treated as a composition of multiple equivalent homogeneous media (EHMs). In step 2 the FS parameters for the reference EHM are determined using the inverse technique and observations from well‐designed field experiments. The advantages of the CPSIT approach are that the number of parameters to be inverted is reduced by a factor of the number (M) of EHMs, and the simulation time is reduced by a factor of about M2. The CPSIT approach was tested by upscaling the hydraulic parameters using a field injection experiment at the Hanford Site. Results show that when the CPSIT upscaled parameters were used to simulated flow, the mean squared residual was reduced by 83.2% relative to that when the local‐scale parameters were used.
Tectonic evolution of the Cuvette Centrale, Zaire

The Cuvette Centrale (Central Basin) of Zaire is an infra-Cambrian to Recent basin with up to 9 km of sedimentary section. Basin subsidence can be largely explained by a postulated Late Proterozoic failed rift and subsequent thermal relaxation. Seismic reflection profiles and well data reveal a Palaeozoic development of the basin punctuated by two regional deformational episodes; one in the Early Palaeozoic (Late Cambrian) and a second in the Late Palaeozoic (Late Permian-Triassic). Both episodes result from NE-SW contraction, with the Late Palaeozoic episode being largely a reactivation of the Early Palaeozoic structures. The timing of the two deformations correlates with collisional events at continental margins some distance from the Congo Basin. In the Early Palaeozoic the deformation appears to be related to the late stages of the West Congolian fold and thrust belt and coincides regionally with the Pan-African event sensu stricto. The Late Palaeozoic deformation coincides with collisional tectonics along the southern margin of Gondwana and the generation of the Cape and Sierra Ventana Foldbelts. It is postulated that in both the Early and Late Palaeozoic, Africa and Gondwana experienced widespread intracontinental deformation generated by distant collisional processes much as Central Asia is experiencing today.
The Indonesian Throughflow response to Indo‐Pacific climate variability

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is the only open pathway for interocean exchange between the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins at tropical latitudes. A proxy time series of ITF transport variability is developed using remotely sensed altimeter data. The focus is on the three outflow passages of Lombok, Ombai, and Timor that collectively transport the entire ITF into the Indian Ocean, and where direct velocity measurements are available to help ground-truth the transport algorithm. The resulting 18 year proxy time series shows strong interannual ITF variability. Significant trends of increased transport are found in the upper layer of Lombok Strait, and over the full depth in Timor Passage that are likely related to enhanced Pacific trade winds since the early 1990s. The partitioning of the total ITF transport through each of the major outflow passage varies according to the phase of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) or El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In general, Pacific ENSO variability is strongest in Timor Passage, most likely through the influence of planetary waves transmitted from the Pacific along the Northwest Australian shelf pathway. Somewhat surprisingly, concurrent El Nino and positive IOD episodes consistently show contradictory results from those composites constructed for purely El Nino episodes. This is particularly evident in Lombok and Ombai Straits, but also at depth in Timor Passage. This suggests that Indian Ocean dynamics likely win out over Pacific Ocean dynamics in gating the transport through the outflow passages during concurrent ENSO and IOD events.
Arthroscopic Management of Synovial Chondromatosis of the Knee Joint

Synovial Chondromatosis is a rare and it is a benign condition characterized by multiple cartilaginous nodules in synovial facet spaces. Synovial Chondromatosis affects most commonly the knee joint. This is a case report of a 30-year-old male patient presented with pain and swelling over the left knee joint. On evaluation MRI shows loose bodies, for which he underwent, arthroscopic exploration. Viscous fluid and loose bodies were identified and showed synovial hyperemia. Synovial debridement was done and loose bodies were removed and sent to histopathological examination. The result signify that arthroscopy is efficient method both in diagnostic as well as therapeutic management of synovial chondromatosis.