Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the sore throat test and treat service in community pharmacies (STREP) in Wales: cross-sectional analysis of 11 304 consultations using anonymized electronic pharmacy records

Abstract Background An NHS-funded sore throat test and treat (STTT) service was introduced in selected community pharmacies in Wales. Service users were screened using FeverPAIN/Centor scores, offered rapid antigen detection testing (RADT) to detect group A Streptococcus if appropriate, and supplied with antibiotics (by the pharmacist) if indicated. Following an initial evaluation, the service was rolled out nationally. Objectives This study forms part of the long-term STTT evaluation. The aim was to describe characteristics of the service and service users, the delivery, service outcomes, patient safety and antibiotic prescribing. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study using anonymized individual-level data from electronic pharmacy records of all eligible STTT service users between November 2018 and February 2020. Results We identified 11 304 pharmacy STTT consultations in service users aged 6 years and over, with a median age of 25 years (IQR: 12 to 44). RADT was undertaken in 8666 (76.7%) consultations with 2503 (28.9% of RADT) positive tests. In total, 2406 (21.3%) service users were supplied with antibiotics. Pharmacists managed 91% of consultations in the pharmacy and referred only 937 (9.3%) service users to a GP and 27 (0.2%) to the Emergency Department. Higher rates of antibiotic supply were observed in out-of-hours consultations when compared with in-hours (24.9% versus 20.9%). Conclusions This is the largest description of a pharmacy-led STTT service to date and suggests it can be delivered at scale to align with a pre-specified pathway that promotes appropriate use of RADT and antibiotics. The service could substantially reduce workload from a common illness in other heavily pressurized areas of primary and emergency care.
Subcategorization Lists in Immediate Dominance Rules

This paper explores the use of subcategorization lists or 'stacks' in a version of Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG) which is otherwise conceptually very close to Gazdar, Klein, Pullum and Sag (1985, hereafter, GKPS). While the use of list structures in extensions of GPSG is not new (cf. Pollard, 1984; Pollard and Sag, 1987), the present paper develops list-like feature structures in the context of Gazdar et al. (1988), where categories are set-theoretic objects-partial functions-which ar~ constrained in various ways by statements in a formal constraint language Le.
MORE M-BRANES ON PRODUCT OF RICCI-FLAT MANIFOLDS

Partially supersymmetric intersecting (non-marginal) composite M-brane solutions defined on the product of Ricci-flat manifolds M0 × M1 × ⋯ × Mn in D = 11 supergravity are considered and formulae for fractional numbers of unbroken supersymmetries are derived for the following configurations of branes: M2 ∩ M2, M2 ∩ M5, M5 ∩ M5 and M2 ∩ M2 ∩ M2. Certain examples of partially supersymmetric configurations are presented.
Systems thinking for water security

ABSTRACT Water security covers a wide range of issues and risks to people, the natural and built environment, the economy, and interactions between these. This breadth creates an interconnected complexity and the potential for perceived intractability. Tackling water security meaningfully therefore requires a judgement in balancing the holistic nature of water security with reductionist understanding of key processes and elements. This paper demonstrates that systems thinking can be adapted to achieve this through different systems framings of water security, tailored to local context. Through four case studies, we show how systems thinking has been adapted and applied to fit the contextual analysis and management of multiple water security issues. We show how this approach has dissolved disciplinary and sectoral silos; changed the spatial scale at which water security is addressed; improved data acquisition and analysis to better understand relationships between sub-systems; and integrated socio-ecological issues of justice and power with more traditional bio-physical understandings of water security. This is an important step towards turning systems thinking into systems transformation and making the concept of water security actionable and accessible to policy, planning, and practice.
Authoring accessible media content on social networks

User-generated content plays a key role in social networking, allowing a more active participation, socialisation, and collaboration among users. In particular, media content has been gaining a lot of ground, allowing users to express themselves through different types of formats such as images, GIFs and videos. The majority of this growing type of online visual content remains inaccessible to a part of the population, in particular for those who have a visual disability, despite available tools to mitigate this source of exclusion. We sought to understand how people are perceiving this type of online content in their networks and how support tools are being used. To do so, we conducted a user study, with 258 social network users through an online questionnaire, followed by interviews with 20 of them – 7 blind users and 13 sighted users. Results show how the different approaches being employed by major platforms may not be sufficient to address this issue properly. Our findings reveal that users are not always aware of the possibility and the benefits of adopting accessible practices. From the general perspectives of end-users experiencing accessible practices, concerning barriers encountered, and motivational factors, we also discuss further approaches to create more user engagement and awareness.
Exploring Collective Medical Knowledge and Tensions in Online ADHD Communities

My proposed dissertation work highlights social media as digitally-mediated support for neurodivergent individuals. By adopting a critical disability theory lens, I critique the techno-solutionism currently present in digital mental health care. I argue that existing social media platforms can provide community support for neurodivergent individuals to step away from the individualistic approaches currently promoted by much digital mental health technology. These social media-based communities are providing an important service of care and collective knowledge for individuals going through similar experiences to find validation and a sense of agency regarding treatment options. My research will further explore the relationships neurodivergent individuals have had with diagnostic and care systems, as well as ongoing tensions with healthcare providers in both physical and digital spaces.
BentoMuseum: 3D and Layered Interactive Museum Map for Blind Visitors

Obtaining information before a visit is one of the priority needs and challenges for blind museum visitors. We propose BentoMuseum, a layered, stackable, and three-dimensional museum map that makes complex structural information accessible by allowing explorations on a floor and between floors. Touchpoints are embedded to provide audio-tactile interactions that allow a user to learn the museum’s exhibits and navigation when one floor is placed on a touch screen. Using a tour design task, we invited 12 first-time blind visitors to explore the museum building, chose exhibits that attracted them, and built a mental map with exhibit names and directions. The results show that the system is useful in obtaining information that links geometric shapes, contents, and locations to then build a rough mental map. The connected floors and spatial structures motivated users to explore. Moreover, having a rough mental map enhanced orientation and confidence when traveling through the museum.
“What Makes Sonification User-Friendly?” Exploring Usability and User-Friendliness of Sonified Responses

Sonification is a commonly used technique to make online data visualizations accessible to screen-reader users through auditory means. While current sonification solutions provide plausible utility (usefulness) to screen-reader users in exploring data visualizations, they are limited in exploring the quality (usability) of the sonified responses. In this preliminary exploration, we investigated the usability and user-friendliness of data visualization sonification for screen-reader users. Specifically, we evaluated the Pleasantness, Clarity, Confidence, and Overall Score of discrete and continuous sonified responses generated using various oscillator waveforms and synthesizers through user studies with 10 screen-reader users. Additionally, we examined these factors using both simple and complex trends. Our results show that screen-reader users preferred distinct non-continuous responses generated using oscillators with square waveforms. We utilized our findings to extend the functionality of Sonifier—an open-source JavaScript library that enables developers to sonify online data visualizations. Our follow-up interviews with screen-reader users identified the need to personalize the sonified responses per their individualized preferences.
Exploring Accessibility Features and Plug-ins for Digital Prototyping Tools

Many digital systems are found to be inaccessible and a large part of the issue is that accessibility is not considered early enough in the design process. Digital prototyping tools are a powerful resource for designers to quickly explore both low and high fidelity design mockups during initial stages of product design and development. We evaluated 10 popular prototyping tools to understand their built-in and third-party accessibility features. We found that accessible design support is largely from third-party plug-ins rather than prototyping tools’ built-in features, and the availability of accessibility support varies from tool to tool. There is potential to improve accessible design by increasing the potential for accessibility to be consider earlier in the design process.
Should I Say “Disabled People” or “People with Disabilities”? Language Preferences of Disabled People Between Identity- and Person-First Language

The usage of identity- (e.g., “disabled people”) versus person-first language (e.g., “people with disabilities”) to refer to disabled people has been an active and ongoing discussion. However, it remains unclear which semantic language should be used, especially for different disability categories within the overall demographics of disabled people. To gather and examine the language preferences of disabled people, we surveyed 519 disabled people from 23 countries. Our results show that 49% of disabled people preferred identity-first language whereas 33% preferred person-first language and 18% had no preference. Additionally, we explore the intra-sectionality and intersectionality of disability categories, gender identifications, age groups, and countries on language preferences, finding that language preferences vary within and across each of these factors. Our qualitative assessment of the survey responses shows that disabled people may have multiple or no preferences. To make our survey data publicly available, we created an interactive and accessible live web platform, enabling users to perform intersectional exploration of language preferences. In a secondary investigation, using part-of-speech (POS) tagging, we analyzed the abstracts of 11,536 publications at ACM ASSETS (N=1,564) and ACM CHI (N=9,972), assessing their adoption of identity- and person-first language. We present the results from our analysis and offer recommendations for authors and researchers in choosing the appropriate language to refer to disabled people.
On the first generation of stars

We argue that the first stars may have spanned the conventional mass range rather than be identified with the very massive objects (∼100-10 3 M ⊙ ) favoured by numerical simulations. Specifically, we find that magnetic field generation processes acting in the first protostellar systems suffice to produce fields that exceed the threshold for magneto-rotational instability (MRI) to operate, and thereby allow the MRI dynamo to generate equipartition-amplitude magnetic fields on protostellar mass scales below ∼50 M ⊙ . Such fields allow primordial star formation to occur at essentially any metallicity by regulating angular momentum transfer, fragmentation, accretion and feedback in much the same way as occurs in conventional molecular clouds.
Soft Alignment Objectives for Robust Adaptation in Machine Translation

Domain adaptation allows generative language 001 models to address specific flaws caused by the 002 domain shift of their application. However, the 003 traditional adaptation by further training on in-004 domain data rapidly weakens the model’s abil-005 ity to generalize to other domains, making the 006 open-ended deployments of the adapted mod-007 els prone to errors. This work introduces novel 008 training objectives built upon a semantic simi-009 larity of the predicted tokens to the reference. 010 Our results show that (1) avoiding the common 011 assumption of a single correct prediction by 012 constructing the training target from tokens’ se-013 mantic similarity can mitigate catastrophic for-014 getting during domain adaptation, while (2) pre-015 serving the quality of adaptation, (3) with negli-016 gible additions to compute costs. In the broader 017 perspective, the objectives grounded in a soft 018 token alignment pioneer the exploration of 019 the middle ground between the efficient but 020 naive exact-match token-level objectives and 021 expressive but computationally-and resource-022 intensive sequential objectives. 023
High Voltage 3-Dimesional Partial SOI technology platform for Power Integrated Circuits

— Partial SOI (PSOI) is a widely recognized technology suitable for High Voltage (HV) architectures for Power Integrated Circuits (PICs). Despite the added process complexity compared to SOI RESURF, this technology offers a wider range of voltage ratings due to the action of the depletion layer in the Handle Wafer (HW), reduced parasitic capacitances due to the extra volume of the depletion region in the HW and better heat conduction due to thinner buried oxide layer. The newly developed platform technology, featuring 3-dimensional designs to fully utilize the PSOI potential, is particularly relevant to the manufacturing of high voltage integrated circuits (HVICs) where low on-state resistance and reduced self-heating are essential requirements. This work presents a PSOI technology platform with voltage ratings ranging from 45 to 400V while providing low on-state resistance, good hot carrier injection stability as well as Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) capability of the HV devices. For example, for a 375V rated LDMOSFET, this technology achieves an on-state resistance of 1435mΩ. mm 2 , an over 50% improvement compared to the state-of-the-art SOI technologies while maintaining competitive reliability.
Experiments in Learning Dyck-1 Languages with Recurrent Neural Networks

Considerable work, both theoretical and empirical, has shown that Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architectures are capable of learning formal languages under specific conditions. In this study, we investigate the ability of linear and ReLU RNNs to learn Dyck-1 languages in whole sequence classification tasks. We observe that counting bracket sequences is learned but performance on full Dyck-1 recognition is poor. Models for both tasks do not generalise well to longer sequences. We determine correct weights for the given tasks with suitable architectures, but the standard setup for classification surprisingly departs from the correct values. We propose a regression setup with clipping that we find to stabilise correct weights, but it makes learning from random weight initialisation even less effective. Our observations suggest that Dyck-1 languages seem unlikely to be learned by ReLU RNNs for most practical applications.
The Price Index and its Extension : A Chapter in Economic Measurement

Part I: Paasche, Laspeyres and Fisher Introduction - Theory and Practice 1. Comparisons 2. Fleetwood's student 3. What is a price index? I - Three Problems 1. The 'Index Number Problem' 2. Formulae and tests 3. Utility-cost 4. Cost efficiency and effectiveness 5. The price index 6. Problems II - The General Probem of Limits 1. Consistency of demands 2. Revealed choice and preference 3. Preference-nonpreference contradiction 4. Cost-efficiency and nonsatiation 5. Critical costs 6. Revealed bounds and classical limits III - The Homogeneous Problem - Laspeyres and Paasche 1. Conical utility and expansion loci 2. Homogeneous consistency 3. Revealed homogeneous preference 4. Range of the price index 5. Revealed bounds 6. Classical limits IV - Fisher and quadratics 1. Byushgens on Fisher 2. Question about Byushgens 3. Gradients and quadratics 4. Conditions for compatibility 5. Theorem on quadratic consistency Part II - The Cost of Living I - Price and quantity levels 1. Price-quantity duality 2. Dual function examples 3. Price and quantity levels 4. Limits of Indeterminacy II - The True Index 1. The cost of living 2. The price index 3. Formulae, and Fisher's Tests 4. The Paasche-Laspeyres interval 5. Existence test 6. Theory and practice 7. Many periods 8. Price levels 9. Fisher's formula III - Fisher and Byushgens 1. Byushgens' theorem 2. The existence question 3. Purchasing power correspondence 4. Many-period generalization IV - The Four Point Formula 1. Median multipliers and levels 2. Centre locus 3. Linear purchasing power 4. Critical locations 5. Elliptical case V - Wald's "New Formula" 1. Linear expansions 2. Revealed purchasing power 3. The critical points 4. Marginal price indices, and limits
Reduced entropic model for studies of multidimensional nonlocal transport in high-energy-density plasmas

Hydrodynamic simulations of high-energy-density plasmas require a detailed description of energy fluxes. For low and intermediate atomic number materials, the leading mechanism is the electron transport, which may be a nonlocal phenomenon requiring a kinetic modeling. In this paper, we present and test the results of a nonlocal model based on the first angular moments of a simplified Fokker-Planck equation. This multidimensional model is closed thanks to an entropic relation (the Boltzman H-theorem). It provides a better description of the electron distribution function, thus enabling studies of small scale kinetic effects within the hydrodynamic framework. Examples of instabilities of electron plasma and ion-acoustic waves, driven by the heat flux, are presented and compared with the classical formula.
Students with papers in the main CP programme :

In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in constraint programming (CP) applications in scheduling problems. However as the number of theoretical studies have increased the concept of practical usage of CP has not been investigated sufficiently. In this paper, we consider a scheduling problem at a mold company. We defined the problem using CP. Computational results show that CP generates successful schedules in minutes; hereby we conclude that CP can be used to obtain optimal solutions for real size scheduling problems.
Usable Privacy

OpenPGP is one of the two major standards for end-to-end email security. Several studies showed that serious usability issues exist with tools implementing this standard. However, a widespread assumption is that expert users can handle these tools and detect signature spooﬁng attacks. We present a user study investigating expert users’ strategies to detect signature spooﬁng attacks in Thunderbird. We observed 25 expert users while they classiﬁed eight emails as either having a legitimate signature or not. Studying expert users explicitly gives us an upper bound of attack detection rates of all users dealing with PGP signatures. 52% of participants fell for at least one out of four signature spooﬁng attacks. Overall, participants did not have an established strategy for evaluating email signature legitimacy. We observed our participants apply 23 different types of checks when inspecting signed emails, but only 8 of these checks tended to be useful in identifying the spoofed or invalid signatures. In performing their checks, participants were frequently startled, confused, or annoyed with the user interface, which they found supported them little. All these results paint a clear picture: Even expert users struggle to verify email signatures, usability issues in email security are not limited to novice users, and developers may need proper guidance on implementing email signature GUIs correctly.
Measuring the Alignment of ANNs and Primate V1 on Luminance and Contrast Response Characteristics

Some artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the current state-of-the-art in modeling the primate ventral stream and object recognition behavior. However, how well they align with luminance and contrast processing in early visual areas is not known. Here, we compared luminance and contrast processing in ANN models of V1 and primate V1 at the level of single-neuron. Model neurons have luminance and contrast response characteristics that differ from those observed in macaque V1 neurons. In particular, model neurons have responses weakly modulated by changes in luminance and show non-saturating responses to high contrast stimuli. While no model perfectly matches macaque V1, there is great variability in their V1-alignment. Variability in luminance and contrast scores is not correlated suggesting that there are trade-offs in the model space of ANN V1 models.