Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Politics in the Mind's Eye: Imagination as a Link between Social and Political Cognition

How do modern individuals form a sense of the vast societies in which they live? Social cognition has evolved to make sense of small, intimate social groups, but in complex mass societies, comparable vivid social cues are scarcer. Extant research on political attitudes and behavior has emphasized media and interpersonal networks as key sources of cues. Extending a classical argument, we provide evidence for the importance of an alternative and internal source: imagination. With a focus on social welfare, we collected survey data from two very different democracies, the United States and Denmark, and conducted several studies using explicit, implicit, and behavioral measures. By analyzing the effects of individual differences in imagination, we demonstrate that political cognition relies on vivid, mental simulations that engage evolved social and emotional decision-making mechanisms. It is in the mind's eye that vividness and engagement are added to people's sense of mass politics.
Electronic Reprint Applied Crystallography Shake-and-bake on the Grid Applied Crystallography Shake-and-bake on the Grid

Author(s) of this paper may load this reprint on their own web site or institutional repository provided that this cover page is retained. Republication of this article or its storage in electronic databases other than as specified above is not permitted without prior permission in writing from the IUCr. Computational and data grids represent an emerging technology that allows geographically and organizationally distributed resources (e.g. computing and storage resources) to be linked and accessed in a fashion that is transparent to the user, presenting an extension of the desktop for users whose computational, data and visualization needs extend beyond their local systems. The New York State Grid is an integrated computational and data grid that provides web-based access for users from around the world to computational, application and data storage resources. This grid is used in a ubiquitous fashion, where the users have virtual access to their data sets and applications, but do not need to be made aware of the details of the data storage or computational devices that are specifically employed. Two of the applications that users worldwide have access to on a variety of grids, including the New York State Grid, are the SnB and BnP programs, which implement the Shake-and-Bake method of molecular structure (SnB) and substructure (BnP) determination, respectively. In particular, through our grid portal (i.e. logging on to a web site), SnB has been run simultaneously on all computational resources on the New York State Grid as well as on more than 1100 of the over 3000 processors available through the Open Science Grid.
Influences Perceptions of Gender Inequality Opting Out or Denying Discrimination ? How the Framework of Free Choice in American Society

American women still confront workplace barriers (e.g., bias against mothers, inflexible policies) that hinder their advancement at the upper levels of organizations. However, most Americans fail to recognize that such gender barriers still exist. Focusing on mothers who have left the workforce, we propose that the prevalent American assumption that actions are a product of choice conceals workplace barriers by communicating that opportunities are equal and that behavior is free from contextual influence. Study 1 reveals that stay-at-home mothers who view their own workplace departure as an individual choice experience greater well-being but less often recognize workplace barriers and discrimination as a source of inequality than do mothers who do not view their workplace departure as an individual choice. Study 2 shows that merely exposing participants to a message that frames actions in terms of individual choice increases participants’ belief that society provides equal opportunities and that gender discrimination no longer exists. By concealing the barriers that women still face in the workplace, this choice framework may hinder women’s long-term advancement in society.
Tri-State Current Source Inverter WithImproved Dynamic Performance

Traditional dc-ac current source inverter (CSI) has a right-half-plane (RHP) zero in its control-to-output transfer function. This RHP zero causes the inverter output to fall before rising when a step increase in command reference is required (commonly known as non-minimum-phase effect). To achieve a better dynamic response, this paper proposes the design of a tri-state CSI using only an additional semiconductor switch for introducing unique freewheeling states to the traditional six active and three null states of a CSI. With the freewheeling states inserted appropriately within the inverter state sequence, the inductive boosting and discharging intervals can be decoupled, allowing the RHP zero to be eliminated with only minor circuit modifications (high level control schemes like predictive and multiloop voltage/current control remain unchanged). The designed inverter can be controlled using an appropriately formulated digital pulsewidth modulation algorithm, which can conveniently be implemented using a digital signal processor with an on-chip carrier-based modulator and an external digital programmable logic device. The resulting inverter is tested by simulation and experimentally using a laboratory prototype for demonstrating its improved dynamic performance with no commutation difficulties introduced.
Behavioural and Emotional Correlates of Age-Related Visual Decline : Contextual and Self-Regulation Perspectives

This cumulative dissertation presents five empirical papers dealing with behavioural, emotional, and contextual correlates of visual functioning in old age, and one empirical paper focusing on social context in middle and old age in general. Results are based on different samples of older adults. In study 1, the sample was comprised of older adults suffering from pathological age-related visual impairment. Moreover, a sighted control group was included. In study 2 to study 5, the samples were comprised of older adults with normal age-related changes in vision by the majority, but also included cases with excellent vision as well as cases of severe vision loss. Finally, study 6 employed two cohorts of middle-aged and older visually intact adults. Overall, findings from the presented studies show that age-related vision loss, when considered separately, results in lessened levels of behavioural and emotional outcomes that persist or develop over time. Also, mediators (e.g., outdoor motivation, social resources) and moderators (assimilative and accommodative self-regulation tendencies) of the relationship between age-related visual decline and behavioural competence and emotional adaptation, respectively, were identified. Depending on these mediators and moderators, psychosocial consequences of visual decline can be quite different. Further, context-independent correlates of age-related visual decline were found (e.g., age, cognitive functioning), but also correlation patterns that were different between macro-contexts (urban vs. rural areas, East vs. West Germany). In particular, social resources were more effective in enhancing out-of-home leisure activities in rural than in urban regions. The general importance of social relationships for major aging outcomes led to a focused analysis of friendships independent of visual functioning in the final study. Results highlight the importance of different personality resources for friendship involvement in different phases of life. Biographical relationship experiences appeared to be crucial as well.
Cancer cells in blood. Results of a simplified isolation technique.

Introduction The fact that cancer cells can be identified in the blood stream of patients with malignant disease has been well documented, 1-6 but their isolation and identification is somewhat complicated. Although a number of methods of separation have been reported, all of these methods, including that originally used in our laboratory, 3 seem to us to be either cumbersome or not practical. Accordingly, we recently developed a simplified technique, 7 modifying the streptolysin method originally reported by Malmgren et al. 8 This study compares the results of this simplified isolation technique with several other methods, and amplifies the possible role of surgical manipulation and operative stress in the vascular dissemination of cancer cells. Collection of Samples Blood samples were collected from a number of sites, but in this series primarily from a peripheral vein (antecubital). In several instances samples were obtained from the vena cava via a polyethylene catheter
In-network Neural Networks

We present N2Net, a system that implements binary neural networks using commodity switching chips deployed in network switches and routers. Our system shows that these devices can run simple neural network models, whose input is encoded in the network packets' header, at packet processing speeds (billions of packets per second). Furthermore, our experience highlights that switching chips could support even more complex models, provided that some minor and cheap modifications to the chip's design are applied. We believe N2Net provides an interesting building block for future end-to-end networked systems.
Representations and Preferences of Responses to Housing and Employment Discrimination

In two studies, the behavioral preferences of majority (White) and visible minority (non-White) individuals in response to a hypothetical situation of discrimination were examined. In addition, the characteristics and dimensions perceived to relate to these behaviors were also examined. In the first study, 120 primarily White undergraduate students first rated the likelihood of engaging in each of 14 behaviors in response to a situation of discrimination, and then rated each behavior on a number of attributes representing key dimensions of behavior identified in intergroup theories (individual-collective; active-passive; non-normative-normative) and phenomenological studies on the experience of discrimination (e.g. risk). A multimode factor analysis of the behaviors and attributes provided a three-component solution. While the dimensions underlying these components reflected dimensions of behavior identified by intergroup theorists, they were also qualitatively different from them. Further analysis revealed that behaviors associated with higher preference ratings were perceived as more normative, preparatory, and low in cost and risk. The behavioral preferences, and the dimensions underlying these preferences were replicated in a second study, which comprised 70 Black and South Asian participants. The patterns of results were similar for the White and non-White participants, although these two groups did differ in their endorsement and ratings of some of the behaviors.
Nutrition transition in India: Secular trends in dietary intake and their relationship to diet‐related non‐communicable diseases

India is facing an “epidemic” of diet‐related non‐communicable diseases (DR‐NCDs), along with widely prevalent undernutrition resulting in substantial socioeconomic burden. The aim of this paper is to review secular trends in food groups and nutrient intake, and implications for DR‐NCDs in India so as to understand optimal choices for healthy diets for the prevention of DR‐NCDs. The literature search was carried out in PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA) and Google Scholar search engines up to April 2011. A manual search for all other references, national and medical databases was also carried out. Nutrition transition over the past 30 years (1973–2004), has resulted in a 7% decrease in energy derived from carbohydrates and a 6% increase in energy derived from fats. A decreasing intake of coarse cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables, an increasing intake of meat products and salt, coupled with declining levels of physical activity due to rapid urbanization have resulted in escalating levels of obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, subclinical inflammation, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease in Indians. Studies also suggest that adverse perinatal events due to maternal nutritional deprivation may cause low‐birth weight infants, which, coupled with early childhood “catch‐up growth”, leads to obesity in early childhood, thus predisposing to NCDs later in life. In view of rapidly increasingly imbalanced diets, a multisectoral preventive approach is needed to provide balanced diets to pregnant women, children and adults, and to maintain a normal body weight from childhood onwards, to prevent the escalation of DR‐NCDs in India.
[Evaluating the clinical applications of CTVL in laryngeal carcinomas].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical applications of computer tomography virtual laryngoscopy (CTVL) in laryngeal carcinoma. METHOD 34 cases of laryngeal carcinomas and 5 cases of normal larynx were scanned by spiral CT and analyzed by computers. The virtual endoscopy findings of all patients were compared with those of fiber optical laryngoscopy and surgical findings. All the carcinomas were pathologically proved. RESULT The visualization of normal anatomical structure in larynx on CTVL is the same as that of fiber optic laryngoscopy. Tumor local extension showed in CT virtual endoscopy is superior to that of fiber optic laryngoscopy. Images of early laryngeal carcinomas showed in CT virtual endoscopy is not so good as those of fiber optic laryngoscopy. CONCLUSION CT virtual laryngoscopy is a good complement to fiber optic laryngoscopy.
Diversity and Inclusion at the Workplace: A Review of Research and Perspectives

In recent years, the discourse on diversity has seen a shift to that of inclusion. While there is a rich body of research in the area of diversity, inclusion has emerged as a fairly recent area of exploration and the varied meanings and interpretations of the terms make it ripe for examining the literature on diversity and that of inclusion to offer a deeper and nuanced understanding of their meanings and conceptualizations. This review in attempting to do the same also examines the intersectionalities of leadership with diversity and inclusion, and offers insights for taking the research forward
A survey of new reconfigurable architectures for implementing FIR filters with low complexity

Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are widely used in multistandard wireless communications. The two key requirements of FIR filters are reconfigurability and low complexity. The researches have been introduced many architectures for above key metrics. For reconfigurable FIR filter, two architectures was implemented, namely Constant Shift Method [CSM] and Programmable Shift Method [PSM]. The complexity of linear phase FIR filters is dominated by the number of adders (subtractors) in the coefficient multiplier. The Common Subexpression Elimination (CSE) algorithm was introduced for reducing the number of adders in the multipliers and also dynamically reconfigurable filters can be efficiently implemented based on Canonic Signed Digit (CSD) representation of coefficients. It is well known that the two classes of Common Subexpression Elimination techniques(vertical and horizontal) minimize the two main cost metrics namely logic operators and logic in realizing finite impulse response (FIR) filters. A new CSE algorithm using binary representation of coefficients was introduced for the implementation of higher order FIR filters with a fewer number of adders than CSD-based CSE methods. A new greedy CSE algorithm based on CSD representation of coefficients multipliers was introduced for implementing low complexity higher order filters. Design examples shows that the filter architectures offer power reduction and good area and speed improvement over the existing FIR implementation.
Post-decisional Counterfactuals by Actors and Readers

How do individuals think counterfactually about the outcomes of their decisions? Unfortunately, most previous studies have investigated the way in which readers think about fictional stories, rather than the way in which actors think about events they have actually experienced. We assume that an individual’s role (actor vs. reader) can make different information available, which in turn can affect counterfactual thinking. Hence, we predict a role effect. In eight studies, we show that readers undo the negative outcome of a story by undoing the protagonist’s choice to tackle a given problem, rather than her unsuccessful attempt to solve it. But actors who make the same choice and experience the same negative outcome as the protagonist alter problem features. We also show that the effect does not depend on motivational factors. These results contradict current accounts of counterfactual thinking and demonstrate the necessity to investigate the counterfactual thoughts of individuals other than story readers.
Children's understanding of false representations

This thesis investigates whether children's understanding of both mental and non-mental representations can be accounted for by the same underlying competence in representational understanding. This research question stems from a long-standing dispute between domain-specificity and domain-generality in understanding mental representations. In Chapter 1,1 highlight the importance of using false representations to assess representational understanding, and discuss a fundamental problem inherent in previously devised false non-mental representation tasks in comparison to false mental representation tasks. I also outline the confounding of other cognitive skills such as language and executive function during the assessment of representational understanding. This motivates the subsequent empirical work for this thesis which includes (1) the development of novel measures for assessing children's understanding of non-mental representations and (2) the investigation of the equivalence between children's understanding of mental and non-mental representations. Evidence for this equivalence was shown by a transfer of training between a new false non-mental representation task and an existing false mental representation task presented in Chapter 2. With the use of another novel false non- mental representation task which minimises and eliminates the confounding factors of language and cognitive inhibition, the two experiments in Chapter 3 further indicated that the equivalence between false non-mental and false mental representation tasks could not be explained by these confounding factors. Chapter 4 extended the research from typical to atypical development, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as individuals with ASD are known to be specifically impaired in processing social and mental information. Intriguingly, the findings in Chapter 3 were shown to be generalised to children with ASD. Finally, the consistent findings of the five experiments reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to the theoretical accounts and neurological basis of typical and atypical cognitive development.
A Network of Control Mediated by Regulator of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a major effector for the intracellular actions of Ca2+ in nearly all cell types. We identified a CaM-binding protein, designated regulator of calmodulin signaling (RCS). G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR)–dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA) led to phosphorylation of RCS at Ser55 and increased its binding to CaM. Phospho-RCS acted as a competitive inhibitor of CaM-dependent enzymes, including protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B, also called calcineurin). Increasing RCS phosphorylation blocked GPCR- and PP2B-mediated suppression of L-type Ca2+ currents in striatal neurons. Conversely, genetic deletion of RCS significantly increased this modulation. Through a molecular mechanism that amplifies GPCR- and PKA-mediated signaling and attenuates GPCR- and PP2B-mediated signaling, RCS synergistically increases the phosphorylation of key proteins whose phosphorylation is regulated by PKA and PP2B.
Left Behind by Parents in China: Internal Migration and Adolescents’ Well-Being

This study investigates how growing up as a left-behind child due to parents’ labor migration in China is associated with adolescents’ cognitive and socioemotional development, based on data from the China Family Panel Studies. We find that adolescents do worst when both parents are absent in all developmental indicators we examined: short-term and long-term word recall tests, numeracy test, self-concept, and self-expectation of educational attainment. However, the differences between left-behind children and those in rural two-parent families are not statistically significant. Left-behind adolescents do have significantly lower well-being than those in urban two-parent families. These differences can largely be accounted for by father's education, family spending on the adolescent's education, quality of parenting, and the social support available to an adolescent. The gap in Chinese adolescents' development is, thus, not so much related directly to how many parents one grows up with as it is to whether one grows up in a rural or urban environment.
Geographic analysis of nucleotide diversity and song sparrow (Aves: Emberizidae) population history

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control‐region (CR) sequences were analysed to address three questions regarding the evolution of geographical variation in song sparrows. (i) Are mtDNA sequences more informative about phylogenetic relationships and population history than previously published restriction fragment (RFLP) data? (ii) Are song sparrow CR sequences evolving in a selectively neutral manner? (iii) What do the haplotype cladogram and geographical pattern of nucleotide diversity (π) suggest about the recent evolutionary history of song sparrow populations? Results from phylogenetic analyses of CR sequences corroborate RFLP results and reveal instances in which haplotypes do not group by locality. Neutrality tests ( Tajima 1989a ) suggest that song sparrow mtDNA is evolving in a selectively neutral manner, although exceptions are noted. A novel geographical pattern of π suggests a model of song sparrow population history involving multiple Pleistocene refugia and colonization of some formerly glaciated regions from multiple sources. Moreover, application of coalescence theory to the haplotype cladogram suggests that two different haplotypes (48NF and 151HA) may have predominated in different parts of the song sparrow's range. This model provides insight into the current distribution of song sparrow mtDNA haplotypes and may explain the discordance between evolutionary history inferred from mtDNA and morphology in this species.
Technology Innovation Policy, Resource Investments, Organization Incentives and Innovation Performance: Evidence from Chinese Technologic Entrepreneurial Ventures

This study reports the impact of governmental technology innovation policy on enterprise innovational behavior with an attempt to improve innovation performance, using the structural equation model to verify the relationship among enterprise resource investments, organization incentive and innovation performance. Evidence comes from entrepreneurial ventures in 17 regions of Guangdong province. This research demonstrates that governmental innovation policy makes a positive improvement in innovation performance through two ways, which are stimulating enterprises to enhance resource investments and organization incentives. Meanwhile, enterprise resource investments and organization incentive play a completely mediating role between technology innovation policy and innovation performance.