Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting turn-ends in discourse context

ABSTRACT Research suggests that during conversation, interlocutors coordinate their utterances by predicting the speaker’s forthcoming utterance and its end. In two experiments, we used a button-pressing task, in which participants pressed a button when they thought a speaker reached the end of their utterance, to investigate what role the wider discourse plays in turn-end prediction. Participants heard two-utterance sequences, in which the content of the second utterance was or was not constrained by the content of the first. In both experiments, participants responded earlier, but not more precisely, when the first utterance was constraining rather than unconstraining. Response times and precision were unaffected by whether they listened to dialogues or monologues (Experiment 1) and by whether they read the first utterance out loud or silently (Experiment 2), providing no indication that activation of production mechanisms facilitates prediction. We suggest that content predictions aid comprehension but not turn-end prediction.
P o S ( B O R M I O 2 0 1 6 ) 0 0 6 Early Stages of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

We investigated isotropization and thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma produced by decaying color-electric flux tubes created at the very early stages of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. The dynamical evolution of the initial classical field, which decays to a plasma by the Schwinger mechanism, is coupled to the dynamics of the many particles system produced. The evolution of such a system is described by relativistic transport theory at fixed values of the viscosity over entropy density ratio. With a single self-consistent computation we obtained quantities which serve as indicators of the equilibration of the plasma for a 1+1 dimensional expanding geometry and for the more realistic 3+1 dimensional case. We find that the initial color-electric field decays within 1 fm/c and particles production occurs in less than 1 fm/c; however, in the case of large viscosity oscillations of the field appear along the whole time evolution of the system, affecting also the behaviour of the ratio between longitudinal and transverse pressure. In case of small viscosity we find that the isotropization time is about 0.8 fm/c and the thermalization time is about 1 fm/c, in agreement with the common lore of hydrodynamics.
Transmembrane Protein 135 (TMEM135) is a Liver X Receptor Target Gene that Mediates an Auxiliary Peroxisome Matrix Protein Import Pathway

Transmembrane Protein 135 (TMEM135) is a Liver X Receptor Target Gene that Mediates an 1 Auxiliary Peroxisome Matrix Protein Import Pathway. 2 3 Benjamin J. Renquist, Thushara W. Madanayake, Susma Ghimire, Caroline E. Geisler, Yafei 4 Xu, Randy L. Bogan 5 6 School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life 7 Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA 8 9
Enforcing social norms: Trust‐building and community enforcement

We study impersonal exchange and ask how agents can behave honestly in anonymous transactions without contracts. We analyze repeated anonymous random matching games, where agents observe only their own transactions. Little is known about cooperation in this setting beyond the prisoner's dilemma. We show that cooperation can be sustained quite generally, using community enforcement and “trust‐building. ” The latter refers to an initial phase in which one community builds trust by not deviating despite a short‐run incentive to cheat; the other community reciprocates trust by not punishing deviations during this phase. Trust‐building is followed by cooperative play, sustained through community enforcement.
Synthesis of CT Images Using CycleGANs: Enhancement of Anatomical Accuracy

Deep learning in medical imaging is often limited by the availability of training data with sufficient quality. The synthesis of image data offers a solution to this data shortage. Here, we use the CycleGAN network architecture to synthesize axial CT slices based on anthropomorphic body phantoms. We investigate the influence of an identity loss and a gradient difference loss function on the image quality of the synthesized data. We evaluate the synthesized images with respect to anatomical accuracy and realistic CT noise properties. The additional loss functions improved the preservation of edges and anatomical structures compared to the original CycleGAN loss, without deteriorating the noise quality of the synthetic image.
Mesh Simplification Based on Super-Face and Genetic Algorithm in the Reverse Engineering

Based on the analysis of current methods a new concept of the super-face was presented. The super-face is formed through the calculation of scattered point curvatures, growth of the seed point and combination of different regions. When the hole left by the deletion of super-face was re-triangulated the genetic algorithm amended for our specific problem is used. In this process, a new coding method makes the genetic algorithm suitable for specificity of triangular mesh. The amended mutation operator can guarantee the availability of evolution. In order to avoid the intersection of triangles, the cross-over operator is given up. Based on it, the different weights to control the optimization of the new triangle mesh can be adjusted.
Back to Cosmos

To the memory of Sir Michael Atiyah Abstract. The ancestral concept of Cosmos is rediscovered through the idea of a Tachyonic Grandcosmos Multibasis Computer, inversing the Anthropic Principle and reestablishing the Laplace Determinism. The observed fine tuning between physical dimensionless parameters is interpreted as relations between optimal calculation basis, announcing a dramatic progress in computer software. Three type of mathematical constants are considered: Large, Intermediate and close to unity. The famous Large Number problem is resolved by Eddington's statistical theory and the gravitational Hydrogen Molecule model, leading to the visible Universe horizon radius R ≈ 13.812 Giga ligth-years. The extension of the double cosmic correlation defines a Topological Axis using Euler-Napier constant e as primary basis, confirming String Theory, Cartan-Bott periodicity and the 30 holic dimensions corresponding to the simplest space-time-matter diophantine equation T2 = L3 = M5 = N30. This dimension n = 30 corresponds to the common time, about 10^58 s, given by two mandatory dimensional analysis, interpreted as the Supercycle period. The visible Universe wavelength 'Topon' 2Għ/Rc3 ≈ 4 × 10^-96 m corresponds to n ≈ 2e^e and enters the 1D mono-radial holographic extension of the Bekenstein-Hawking Universe entropy, implying the critical condition, and breaking the Planck wall by a factor 10^61, justifying the Hawking trans-planckian frequencies. The monochrome holographic extension leads to a Grandcosmos, larger than the visible Universe by the same factor 10^61. A toponic quantization justifies the Cosmos vastness in a scanned Universe, justifying the entropy factor 1/4. This implies a tachyonic speed in the same ratio by respect to c, justifying the Planck re-normalisation of the vacuum energy, independently checked by the Casimir effect. The couple Universe-Grandcosmos is confirmed by a dramatic geo-dimensional analysis, where Length, Time and Mass ratios are considered as unit vectors in a 3D Super-space. A matter-antimatter 10^104 Hz Oscillatory Bounce unifies standard Single Bang with steady-state cosmology, but suppress Relativity in cosmology at large, reestablishing the Newton Absolute Space realized by the Microwave Cosmic Radiation, while Kotov cycle defines an absolute clock. This new scanning space-time structure is confirmed by single-electron cosmology, connected with Kotov period, and relying Sternheimer Scale Factor and Atiyah constant, which appear as privileged computation basis, as well as e, p and a ≈ 137.036, in liaison with the sporadic groups. The Atiyah constant enters dramatic ppb precision relations with particle data. This unifies philosophy, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and informatics. It is predicted that the future telescopes will find mature galaxies in the very far range, instead of a Dark Space, ruining the standard evolutionary cosmology, ill-founded on an imperfect Cosmological Principle.
A global approach for least-squares image matching and surface reconstruction in object space

The automatic determination of corresponding points in digital, images, called digital image matching , is one of the key factors limiting complete automation in photogrammetry. In recent research work at different institutions a tendency has been observed for performing digital image matching on a global scale and in object space. In view of these facts, a general model for digital photogrammetry, developed over the last three years and integrating area-based multi-image matching, point determination, object surface reconstruction, and orthophoto generation into one model only, is presented in this paper.
When the opportunity knocks: large structural shocks and gender wage gaps

Undergoing a large structural shock, labor markets may become less inclusive. We test for this thesis analyzing the behavior of adjusted gender wage gaps in a wide selection of transition countries. We estimate comparable measures of adjusted gender wage gaps for a comprehensive selection of transition countries over a period spanning nearly three decades. We combine these estimates with measures of labor market reallocation in transition economies to uncover the relation between worker flows and the gender wage gap. Results indicate that in periods of reallocation, the adjusted wage gaps increase. Distinguishing between flows according to their contribution to structural transformation reveals the distinctive role paid by separations from the state-owned manufacturing sector, usually leading to greater adjusted gaps. The emerging new sectors in the economy tend to be more inclusive in the short run, associated with a lower adjusted gender gap. In the medium run, the adverse effect of greater separations from the old sector is even more pronounced, while the emergence of the new sector is less relevant.
A Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier for Intrusion Detection Systems

networks have experienced an explosive growth over the past few years and have become the targets for hackers and intruders. An intrusion detection system's main goal is to classify activities of a system into two major categories: normal activity and suspicious or intrusive activity. The objective of this paper is to expose ANFIS as a neuro-fuzzy classifier to detect intrusions in computer networks. Our experiments and evaluations were performed with the KDD Cup 99 intrusion detection dataset which is a version of the 1998 DARPA intrusion detection evaluation dataset prepared and managed by MIT Lincoln Laboratories. This paper shows that our proposed method can be effective in detecting various intrusions.
Integrating public key cryptography into the simple network management protocol (SNMP) framework

The simple network management protocol (SNMP) is widely used for remote network resource management due to its simplicity and distributed management capabilities. However, the increased use of SNMP to manage and control network resources such as routers and servers also introduces security risks whereby unauthorized users can retrieve information or modify the given resources remotely. The basic security framework introduced in SNMPv3 only specifies the use of symmetric cryptography techniques to address the security concerns. This paper outlines a new methodology, public-key security model (PSM), to integrate public cryptography techniques into the SNMP framework. It extends the existing user-based security model (USM) to include per-session authentication and encryption keys, thus enhancing the security of the SNMPv3 protocol.
The cost of homelessness and the net benefit of homelessness programs: a national study

Specialist Homelessness Services (SHS) aim to assist people who are homeless, or at risk of homelessness, to access and maintain stable and secure accommodation. This study examines the client outcomes of these services and the net costs of these programs for governments. Governments face direct costs for these programs but also may make budgetary savings resulting from reduced use of non-homelessness services (e.g. health, justice and welfare services). The study used longitudinal surveys of SHS agencies and clients in four states (New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia) over the period 2010 to 2012. Specialist Homelessness Services clients were found to experience more stable accommodation, improved access to health services, more stable income and improved social relationships. They experienced minimal change in relation to employment and financial circumstances: most remained reliant on welfare payments. Governments also experienced fiscal benefits from these programs. The reduction in average non-homelessness costs in the first year after receiving support was $3685 per client. This is despite the fact that non-homelessness costs for many clients (especially single men) actually increased post-SHS because of increased take up of health services or better access to welfare payments. This had significant implications for the effective costs of the SHS programs. For example, total program costs of providing supported accommodation programs for single men ($4890 per client) are partially offset by non-homelessness service savings of $1389 per client (resulting in a net cost of $3501 per client). The offsets for single women ($8920 per client) are even greater, effectively saving the government $4030 per client. Policy-makers and practitioners should be encouraged that programs designed to address homelessness appear to have direct benefits for the individual but also additional fiscal benefits, even in the short term. They should be careful in suggesting it is a cost-effective method for all clients as some SHS clients experience an immediate increase in usage of health and welfare services. Longer term cost savings for these clients might only be observed after tracking the outcomes of SHS clients over a longer period.
Pricing Kernels with Coskewness and Volatility Risk Pricing Kernels with Coskewness and Volatility Risk

I investigate a pricing kernel in which coskewness and the market volatility risk factors are en-dogenously determined. I show that the price of coskewness and market volatility risk are restricted by investor risk aversion and skewness preference. Consistent with theory, I find that the pricing kernel is decreasing in the aggregate wealth and increasing in the market volatility. When I project my estimated pricing kernel on a polynomial function of the market return, doing so produces the puzzling behaviors observed in pricing kernel. Using pricing kernels, I examine the sources of the idiosyncratic volatility premium. I find that nonzero risk aversion and firms non-systematic coskew-ness determines the premium on idiosyncratic volatility risk. When I control for the non-systematic coskewness factor, I find no significant relation between idiosyncratic volatility and stock expected return. My results are robust across different sample periods, different measures of market volatility and firms characteristics. in Dallas for helpful comments. As usual, they are exonerated with respect to the paper's residual shortcomings. I thank Kenneth French for making a large amount of historical data publicly available in his online data library. I thank the Dice Center for Financial Economics for financial support. Abstract I investigate a pricing kernel in which coskewness and the market volatility risk factors are en-dogenously determined. I show that the price of coskewness and market volatility risk are restricted by investor risk aversion and skewness preference. Consistent with theory, I find that the pricing kernel is decreasing in the aggregate wealth and increasing in the market volatility. When I project my estimated pricing kernel on a polynomial function of the market return, doing so produces the puzzling behaviors observed in pricing kernel. Using pricing kernels, I examine the sources of the idiosyncratic volatility premium. I find that nonzero risk aversion and firms non-systematic coskew-ness determines the premium on idiosyncratic volatility risk. When I control for the non-systematic coskewness factor, I find no significant relation between idiosyncratic volatility and stock expected return. My results are robust across different sample periods, different measures of market volatility and firms characteristics.
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In this article, we use newly developed statistical methods to examine the generative processes that give rise to widespread patterns in friendship networks. The methods incorporate both traditional demographic measures on individuals (age, sex, and race) and network measures for structural processes operating on individual, dyadic, and triadic levels. We apply the methods to adolescent friendship networks in 59 U.S. schools from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health). We model friendship formation as a selection process constrained by individuals' sociality (propensity to make friends), selective mixing in dyads (friendships within race, grade, or sex categories are differentially likely relative to cross-category friendships), and closure in triads (a friend's friends are more likely to become friends), given local population composition. Blacks are generally the most cohesive racial category, although when whites are in the minority, they display stronger selective mixing than do blacks when blacks are in the minority. Hispanics exhibit disassortative selective mixing under certain circumstances; in other cases, they exhibit assortative mixing but lack the higher-order cohesion common in other groups. Grade levels are always highly cohesive, while females form triangles more than males. We conclude with a discussion of how network analysis may contribute to our understanding of sociodemographic structure and the processes that create it. he structure of social relations in a population emerges from both the distribution of personal attributes and the dynamics of interaction. For example, the frequency of inter-racial marriage refl ects both the proportion of a population within each race and the norms infl uencing selection of marriage partners. When individuals can have multiple partners (e.g., friendships), the partnerships may be interdependent, generating complex social network structures. These population-level structures channel the spread of information, norms, disease, support, and other socially exchanged goods. The fl ow of such entities can in turn generate behavioral change in individuals and demographic change in populations. A long line of research has examined the infl uence of social networks on individuals' demographic attributes and behaviors: fertility decline and contraception use This literature provides evidence that social networks affect such outcomes and yields novel predictions about the nonlinear nature of these effects. The reverse causal path is also evident: attributes and behavior may in turn affect selection of network partners. Thus, another branch of social network analysis examines the patterns of relations. Much of this work is descriptive, capturing structural regularities through summary parameters for …
Edinburgh Research Explorer Msk1 Regulates Homeostatic and Experience-dependent Synaptic Plasticity Msk1 Regulates Homeostatic and Experience-dependent Synaptic Plasticity

General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. The ability of neurons to modulate synaptic strength underpins synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, and adaptation to sensory experience. Despite the importance of synaptic adaptation in directing, reinforcing, and revising the behavioral response to environmental influences, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic adaptation are far from clear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a prime initiator of structural and functional synaptic adaptation. However, the signaling cascade activated by BDNF to initiate these adaptive changes has not been elucidated. We have previously shown that BDNF activates mitogen-and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1), which regulates gene transcription via the phosphorylation of both CREB and histone H3. Using mice with a kinase-dead knock-in mutation of MSK1, we now show that MSK1 is necessary for the upregulation of synaptic strength in response to environmental enrichment in vivo. Furthermore, neurons from MSK1 kinase-dead mice failed to show scaling of synaptic transmission in response to activity deprivation in vitro, a deficit that could be rescued by reintroduction of wild-type MSK1. We also show that MSK1 forms part of a BDNF-and MAPK-dependent signaling cascade required for homeostatic synaptic scaling, which likely resides in the ability of MSK1 to regulate cell surface GluA1 expression via the induction of Arc/Arg3.1. These results demonstrate that MSK1 is an integral part of a signaling pathway that underlies the adaptive response to synaptic and environmental experience. MSK1 may thus act as a key homeostat in the activity-and experience-dependent regulation of synaptic strength.
Exploring the effects of group size and table size on interactions with tabletop shared-display groupware

Interactive tabletops have been previously proposed and studied in the domain of co-located group applications. However, little fundamental research has been done to explore the issue of size. In this paper we identify a number of size considerations for tabletop design, and present an experiment to explore some of these issues, in particular the effects of group size and table size on the speed at which the task was performed, the distribution of work among group members, issues of shared resources, and user preference for table size. Our findings shed light on (1) how work strategies are affected by group size, (2) how social interaction varies with respect to table size, and (3) how the speed of task performance is influenced by group size but not by table size. In addition, our experiments revealed that for larger groups, designers might need to add additional vertical displays for shared information. This finding opens the door for extending single-display groupware to shared-display groupware settings that involve multiple, shared displays.