Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal P2P Cache Sizing: A Monetary Cost Perspective on Capacity Design of Caches to Reduce P2P Traffic

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems are generating a large portion of the total Internet traffic and imposing a heavy burden on Internet Services Providers (ISPs). Proxy caching for P2P traffic is an effective means of reducing network usage, thereby reducing operation costs for ISPs. Proxy cache storage design has a significant impact on ISPs. While there are several works on how to optimally design cache locations and capacity allocation to each location given a total capacity, few works tell ISPs what is the optimal total P2P cache storage capacity. In this paper, we propose an analysis method to the problem of optimally determining P2P cache size. An analysis methodology is proposed to determine the optimal cache size by considering the monetary costs of cache storage and bandwidth. Guided by our model, a close-form expression is developed to guide an ISP in the cache capacity design. Numerical evaluation results show that ISPs can achieve significant cost saving by deploying P2P cache and by allocating the cache capacity optimally.
Resistance and the management of complicated skin and skin structure infections: the role of ceftobiprole

Antimicrobial resistant bacteria are an increasing concern due to the resulting increase in morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs associated with the administration of inadequate or delayed antimicrobial therapy. The implications of inadequate antimicrobial therapy in complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) have gained more attention recently, most likely due to the recent emergence of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the already high prevalence of MRSA in the nosocomial setting. Due to the continuous threat of resistance arising and the limitations of currently available agents for the treatment of cSSSIs, it is necessary to develop new antimicrobials for this indication. Ceftobiprole medocaril, the prodrug of ceftobiprole, is a parental investigational cephalosporin for the treatment of cSSSIs displaying a wide-spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, including MRSA. Ceftobiprole displays noncomplex linear pharmacokinetics, is eliminated primarily by glomerular filtration, and distributes to extracellular fluid. Additionally, it has been shown that the extent of distribution to the site of action with regard to cSSSIs, ie, the extracellular space fluid of subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, is expected to be efficacious, as free concentrations meet efficacy targets for most pathogens. Similar to other beta-lactams, it displays an excellent safety and tolerability profile with the primary adverse events being dysgeusia in healthy volunteers, resulting from the conversion of the prodrug to the active, and nausea in patients. Ceftobiprole has demonstrated noninferiority in two large-scale pivotal studies comparing it to vancomycin, clinical cure rates 93.3% vs 93.5%, respectively, or vancomycin plus ceftazidime, clinical cure rates 90.5% vs 90.2%, respectively. Given the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, ceftobiprole is a promising new agent for the treatment of cSSSIs and has the potential to be used as a single agent for empiric treatment.
Video transmission over WiMedia-UWB using subpacket hybrid ARQ

Ultra-wideband (UWB) serves the high bandwidth demand for high definition video transmission over short-range wireless networks. Nevertheless, bursty errors due to harsh channel conditions during video transmission greatly deteriorate video quality. In order to improve the quality of video transmission over UWB, we propose the use of a subpacket based hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme instead of the conventional packet based HARQ scheme. The proposed subpacket based HARQ scheme only retransmits erroneous subpackets and avoids retransmission of other correctly decoded subpackets. Simulation results show that in comparison with the conventional packet based HARQ scheme, the proposed subpacket based HARQ scheme achieves significant performance improvement in terms of delay, percentage of overhead, throughput and reconstructed video quality.
System Description of NTOUA Group in CLQA1

CLQA1 is the first large scale evaluation on Chinese question answering. Our group participated in the C-E subtask. We augmented our monolingual Chinese QA system to handle cross-lingual QA. A bilingual dictionary and online web search engines were used to do the translation. Six runs were submitted at last, and the best run could provide correct answers of 8 of 200 questions at top 1 and 22 of 200 questions by top-5 answers.
Does Distance Determine Who Attends a University in Germany?

We analyze the role of distance from a university in the decision to attend higher education in Germany. Students who live near a university can avoid moving and the increased living expenses by commuting. Thus, transaction cost arguments would suggest that the greater the distance to the nearest university, the lower the participation in higher education. We analyse this hypothesis by combining data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) with a database from the German Rectors' Conference on university postal codes. Based on a discrete time hazard rate model we show that distance to the next university at the time of completing high school significantly affects the decision to enrol in tertiary education. Controlling for many other socio-economic and regional variables, we find that 1 kilometre distance decreases the probability to enrol in higher education by 0.2 - 0.3 percentage points
Texture classification using spectral histograms

Based on a local spatial/frequency representation,we employ a spectral histogram as a feature statistic for texture classification. The spectral histogram consists of marginal distributions of responses of a bank of filters and encodes implicitly the local structure of images through the filtering stage and the global appearance through the histogram stage. The distance between two spectral histograms is measured using chi(2)-statistic. The spectral histogram with the associated distance measure exhibits several properties that are necessary for texture classification. A filter selection algorithm is proposed to maximize classification performance of a given dataset. Our classification experiments using natural texture images reveal that the spectral histogram representation provides a robust feature statistic for textures and generalizes well. Comparisons show that our method produces a marked improvement in classification performance. Finally we point out the relationships between existing texture features and the spectral histogram, suggesting that the latter may provide a unified texture feature.
Diagnosis of Multiple Scan Chain Timing Faults

A diagnosis technique is presented to locate multiple timing faults in scan chains. Jump simulation is a novel parallel simulation technique which quickly searches for the upper and the lower bounds of every individual fault. The proposed technique takes into account the interaction of multiple faults so the diagnosis results are deterministic, not probabilistic. This technique is very useful in the production test environment because it requires only regular automated test pattern generator patterns, not specialized diagnosis patterns. Experiments on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits show that this technique can successfully pinpoint almost every single one of 16 hold-time faults in a scan chain of more than 800 scan cells. The proposed technique is still effective when failure data are limited or faults are clustered.
Frameless ALOHA with multiple base stations

We propose frameless ALOHA with multiple base station (BS) cooperation; each user transmits a packet with the shared access probability calculated by a target degree and the BSs cooperatively decode the information from whole received packets using successive interference cancellation. An exact analysis scheme on the decoding error probability of the proposed system is established and the constant target degrees are optimized so that the average throughput is maximized. Numerical results reveal that cooperation among BSs results in much higher throughput than the original frameless ALOHA and optimized target degree provides the further performance improvement. Also, we consider the use of multiple degrees with probability mass function, namely degree distribution, in frameless ALOHA and show that multiple target degrees does not provide large gain compared with the constant degree distribution.
Real Time Smile Detection using Haar Classifiers on SoC

detection in real time video is an interesting problem with many potential applications. This paper is intended to implement a real time smile detection from video using Haar Classifiers through Raspberry Pi BCM2835 processor which is a combination of SoC with GPU based Architecture. For capturing video we used Raspberry Pi Camera Board of 5MP and which plugs directly into the CSI connector on the Raspberry Pi. Computer vision OpenCV libraries with python IDE is used for face detection and smile detection through linux based raspbian operating system. Frame rates of various video resolutions during smile detection in Raspberry Pi are also observed. The present method can be used in low cost robotic computer vision applications, human computer interaction (HCI) and in education as well because cheap and small hardware used. KeywordsDetection, SoC, Raspberry Pi, Computer Vision, Haar
The Influence Of green Perceived Quality and Green Perceived Risk On Green Satisfaction and Green Trust Of Sharp Air-Conditioning In Surabaya

This research is conducted to find out the influence of green perceived quality and green perceived risk on green satisfaction and green trust of consumers of Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya. The model in this study used five hypotheses. This research is causal research with quantitative method. This study used purposive sampling approach, which the sample consists of respondents who have bought and experience Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya within one year. There are 190 respondents in this study. The analysis in this study used a model of SEM (Structural Equation Modeling), and processed using SPSS 20.0 for WINDOWS and LISREL 8.80 for Measurement and Structural Model. The result shows that green perceived quality and green perceived risk has influence on consumer green satisfaction of Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya. Moreover, green perceived quality, green perceived risk, and green satisfaction has influence on consumer green trust of Sharp Air-Conditioning in Surabaya.
An Interactive Technique for Cartographic Feature Extraction from Aerial and Satellite Image Sensors

In this paper, an interactive technique for extracting cartographic features from aerial and spatial images is presented. The method is essentially an interactive method of image region segmentation based on pixel grey level and texture information. The underlying segmentation method is seeded region growing. The criterion for growing regions is based on both texture and grey level, where texture is quantified using co-occurrence matrices. The Kullback distance is utilised with co-occurrence matrices in order to describe the image texture, then the Theory of Evidence is applied to merge the information coming from texture and grey level image from the RGB bands. Several results from aerial and spatial images that support the technique are presented
Requirement of residual thymus to restore normal T-cell subsets after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

BACKGROUND To determine the effect of residual thymic activity in reconstituting the T-cell system after T cell-depleting therapy, we monitored T-cell subsets of a unique thymectomized cancer patient in comparison to thymus-bearing patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). METHODS T cells and T-cell subsets previously shown in murine studies to be regulated by the thymus were analyzed by FACS from 6 to >48 months after BMT. The investigation of thymus-bearing patients included 32 examinations of 9 children and 14 adults. None of the investigated cases had severe graft-versus-host disease or severe infections when examined. RESULTS In the thymectomized host, T-cell regeneration occurred by donor cell expansion and was characterized by two prominent features: (i) a persistent failure to regenerate naive (CD45RA+) T-helper cells (14%, median), consistent with the recently developed concept of a thymus-dependency; and (ii) persistently elevated proportions of CD3+CD4-CD8- cells (double-negative cells, median 29%), which were identified in T cell receptor (TCR)gamma delta+ (22%, median of CD3+ cells, 88% double negatives) but also TCRalpha beta+ T-cell populations (78%, median of CD3+ cells, 17% double negatives). In thymus-bearing patients, 10 of 12 and 6 of 14 examinations of children and adults, respectively, performed later than 12 months after BMT showed the proportion of CD4+CD45RA+ cells appropriate for age (>52% and >28% in children and adults, respectively). Elevated double-negative cells (>10%) were found in only three patients, but none had elevated double-negative cells with a TCRalpha beta+ phenotype. CONCLUSION Residual thymic activity might, in addition to its well-established role for regenerating naive T-helper (CD4+CD45RA+) cells, control the expansion of double-negative cells. A normal T-cell subset regeneration in a proportion of thymus-bearing adult hosts indicates the potential of an effective residual thymic activity even beyond childhood.
A DIVIDE-AND-CONQUER APPROACH TO CONTOUR EXTRACTION AND INVARIANT FEATURES ANALYSIS IN SPATIAL IMAGE PROCESSING

This paper presents a novel divide-and-conquer method to analyze spatial information, such as geometric shapes, contours and trajectories extracted as a discrete sequence of points (or pixels) from images or spatial sensors, including GPS or transponders. The method extracts contour point sequences and then uses a scale invariant analysis to extract invariant arc features. The arc feature is a generalization of scale invariant corners used in many object recognition and image matching methods. The method considers detection of corner like features in the presence of slow curvature and sharp noise and discretization (spatial quantization), typical for images obtained by aerial photography, digital map scanning or other GIS image acquisition techniques. The resulting feature vectors can be used for stable and robust object feature analysis and object detection. The developed method is found to be capable of ignoring local sharp noise and detecting globally prevailing sharp features. Experimental analysis confirms the efficiency and robustness of this method using several difficult shapes with considerable noise and ambiguity. The method allows not only stable feature detection but also general shape analysis such as convexity, linearity and curvature.
Experiments with Multi-ProbCut and a New High-Quality Evaluation Function for Othello

This paper presents ideas concerning game{tree evaluation that recently improved the author's strong Othello program LOGISTELLO considerably. Two main parts of this program have been reened. In the rst part of this paper, a new evaluation function for Othello is described. While it is table{based like its predecessors , a novel procedure for estimating table entries now allows modeling pattern interactions which leads to a much higher evaluation quality. The second part introduces Multi{ProbCut, which generalizes the selective search procedure ProbCut. It allows forward cuts at various heights after shallow searches of increasing depths. Combined with the new evaluation function the resulting playing strength increase is equivalent to a speed-up factor of more than ten.
Effect of Gas Flow Rate on Hydrate Formation Within the Hydrate Stability Zone

We form methane hydrate in brine‐saturated, coarse‐grained samples, under hydrate‐stable conditions, by injecting methane vapor at various flow rates. Decreasing the flow rate results in higher hydrate saturation, lower brine saturation, a smaller affected volume, and larger average pressure differentials across the sample. We interpret that the longer execution times at lower flow rates allow for additional methane transport and hydrate formation at the hydrate‐brine interface. As a result, the hydrate skin is thicker at lower flow rates and thus is capable of sustaining larger pressure differentials. In several experiments, we stop brine flow and supply methane gas to the sample for an additional 800 hrs. During this period, hydrate continues to form, pressure differentials develop, and the bulk density changes within the affected volume. We interpret that there is gas present in the sample that is disconnected from the gas source. Hydrate forms around the disconnected gas due to methane transport through the skin that surrounds it, causing the internal gas pressure to decline and leading to inward collapse and net volume decrease. This lowers the brine pressure and creates a differential pressure across the sample that induces gas flow. This study indicates that lower gas flow rates through the hydrate stability zone can produce very high saturations of hydrate but require a larger differential pressure to sustain flow. Ultimately, this process is an alternative mechanism for sustained upward gas flow and hydrate formation far above the base of the hydrate stability zone.
Timing of the Critical Period for Plasticity of Ocular Dominance Columns in Macaque Striate Cortex

Visual deprivation induced by monocular eyelid suture, a laboratory model for congenital cataract, results in shrinkage of ocular dominance columns serving the closed eye. We performed monocular suture in macaques at ages 1, 3, 5, 7, and 12 weeks to define the critical period for plasticity of ocular dominance columns. After a minimum survival of 8 months, complete montages of [3H]proline-labeled columns were reconstructed from flat-mounts of striate cortex in both hemispheres. In any given monkey, visual deprivation induced the columns throughout striate cortex (V1) to retract the same distance from their original borders in layer IVcβ. After deprivation, the widest columns remained in the foveal representation and along the V1/V2 border, where columns are widest in control animals. The narrowest deprived columns belonged to the ipsilateral eye, especially along the horizontal meridian and in the periphery, where columns are narrowest in control animals. At the earliest age that we tested (1 week), visual deprivation reduced the columns to fragments. These fragments always coincided with a cytochrome oxidase patch, or a short string of patches, in the upper layers. More severe column shrinkage occurred in layer IVcβ (parvo) than layer IVcα (magno). The geniculate input to the patches in layer III (konio) appeared normal after deprivation, despite loss of CO activity. Surprisingly, the blind spot representation of the open eye was shrunken by monocular deprivation, although binocular competition is absent in this region. Our principal finding was that eyelid suture at age 1 week caused the most severe column shrinkage. With suture at later ages, the degree of column shrinkage showed a progressive decline. Deprivation commencing at age 12 weeks caused no column shrinkage. These results imply that primate visual cortex is most vulnerable to deprivation during the first weeks of life. Our experiments should provide further impetus for the treatment of children with congenital cataract at the earliest possible age.
Comparative effectiveness study on human papillomavirus detection methods used in the cervical cancer screening programme

Objectives To compare the short-term and long-term effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) tests in Norwegian Cervical Cancer Screening Programme (NCCSP). Design Nationwide register-based prospective follow-up study. Setting In 2005, the NCCSP implemented HPV testing in follow-up of unsatisfactory, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology. Participants 19 065 women with repeat cytology and HPV test after unsatisfactory ASC-US or LSIL screening result in 2005–2009. Interventions Through individual registry linkages we observed how women were treated in the regular medical care. Main outcome measures We estimated cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in 6 months and 3 years after repeat cytology and HPV test. Patients diagnosed with CIN2+ in 6 months and 3 years were assessed for initial HPV positivity. Results 5392 had ASC-US/LSIL and 13 673 had normal/unsatisfactory repeat cytology; for HPV detection 4715 used AMPLICOR HPV Test (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), 9162 Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) High-Risk HPV DNA Test (QIAGEN, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA) and 5188 PreTect HPV-Proofer (NorChip, Klokkarstua, Norway). Among those with ASC-US/LSIL repeat cytology, 3-year risk of CIN2+ was 15-fold in Amplicor/HC2-positives compared with Amplicor/HC2-negatives and sevenfold in Proofer-positives compared with Proofer-negatives; a 3-year risk of CIN2+ was 2.1% (95% CI 0.7% to 3.4%) in Amplicor-negatives and 7.2% (95% CI 5.4% to 8.9%) in Proofer-negatives. Close to 100% of patients with CIN2+ diagnosed within 6 months tested positive to HPV (all methods). Considering all patients diagnosed with CIN2+ in 3-year follow-up, 97% were initially positive in the Amplicor group and more than 94% in the HC2 group, compared with less than 80% in the Proofer group. Conclusions While the long-term evaluation of new screening routines showed a good overall performance of triage-HPV DNA testing, the management of HPV-negative women with persistent ASC-US/LSIL was suboptimal.
Tumor Promoting Aspects of Senescence in Cancer Progression

ABSTRACT Cancers induced by gene mutation, deletion, and genome instability might be related to aging. With similar pathways of aging but distinct functions, senescence at the cellular level is an irreversible arrest of cell cycle. Senescence has long been believed as a barrier to restrict tumor expansion. However, more and more evidence has been shown that senescence inducers regulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition, stem cell self-renewal, inflammatory response, crosstalk with the oncogenic bypass signaling, and conversion of oncogene to tumor suppressor. Here we will discuss the most recent findings of the oncogenic aspects of senescence which crosstalk with multiple pathways in cancer progression.
KinÊtre: animating the world with the human body

KinÊtre allows novice users to scan arbitrary physical objects and bring them to life in seconds. The fully interactive system allows diverse static meshes to be animated using the entire human body. Traditionally, the process of mesh animation is laborious and requires domain expertise, with rigging specified manually by an artist when designing the character. KinÊtre makes creating animations a more playful activity, conducted by novice users interactively "at runtime". This paper describes the KinÊtre system in full, highlighting key technical contributions and demonstrating many examples of users animating meshes of varying shapes and sizes. These include non-humanoid meshes and incomplete surfaces produced by 3D scanning - two challenging scenarios for existing mesh animation systems. Rather than targeting professional CG animators, KinÊtre is intended to bring mesh animation to a new audience of novice users. We demonstrate potential uses of our system for interactive storytelling and new forms of physical gaming.