Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The onset of an auroral absorption substorm

In this report the features of the breakup of an auroral absorption substorm are discussed. In the longitudinal sector where the substorm breaks up, a sharp onset is preceded by weak absorption which intensifies as it moves equatorward. The maximum value of absorption after the onset depends on the intensification of the equatorward-moving absorption preceding the breakup. On the basis of the studied substorms it seems that before the onset the weak absorption decreases having a minimum just before the onset and that at longitudes near the breakup a sharp onset can be seen without any preceding absorption, or the minimum of the absorption preceding the onset lasts longer.
Paleomagnetic study of Siluro‐Devonian volcanic rocks from the central Lachlan Orogen: Implications for the apparent pole wander path of Gondwana

[1] The apparent pole wander (APW) path for Gondwana is still not clearly established, in particular, for Silurian-Devonian times. A controversial debate places authors who argue for an “X path,” running directly through Africa on a reconstruction of Gondwana against those who advocate a large loop passing by southern South America, the “Y path. ” Most of the paleomagnetic data used to draw this loop come from the Lachlan Orogen (Australia). A paleomagnetic study was carried out in the well-dated Ambone and Ural volcanics in the central subprovince of Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility measurements confirms detailed mapping of the region and shows that these massive dacitic sills and/or lava flows are flat lying. Among the different localities studied, only one yields interpretable paleomagnetic results. Two components of magnetization can be identified: a midtemperature direction yielding a corresponding pole in Australian coordinates λ = 67.9°S/ϕ = 084.4°E (B = 5; n = 21; dp = 17.5°/dm = 23.1°) and a high-temperature direction with a corresponding VGP λ = 24.4°S/ϕ = 060.6°E (B = 5; n = 25; dp = 1.4°/dm = 2.5°). The first is interpreted as corresponding to an Early Carboniferous pole position and can be regarded as an overprint probably related to the Early Carboniferous Kanimblan orogenic event. The second does not correspond to any expected Silurian-Devonian or younger pole position. This magnetization is thought to be primary in origin; however, secular variation has apparently not been averaged out in the single lava flow sampled. Therefore the earliest Devonian paleopole position probably lies in a 30° cone around the obtained VGP, and this position can only match the X-type APW path for Gondwana. It is in particular very different from coeval poles obtained in the eastern subprovince of the Lachlan Orogen, and it is mostly used as key poles supporting the Silurian-Devonian loop for the APW path of Gondwana. Therefore some poles from the Lachlan Orogen must be affected by rotation to explain these results. The Lachlan Orogen was hence not stable up to the mid-Paleozoic, and data from this region should not be used as representative for Gondwana.
Atomic Insights into the S Poisoning Effects of Single-Atom Catalysts in Li–S Batteries

Here, we paved a new way to evaluate the susceptibility of M–N4-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) to sulfur poisoning in Li–S batteries. The strong binding strength of M–S in Ti–N4- and V–N4-based SACs is attributed to the high bond order, pronounced d–p hybridization, and differential charge density. However, overly strong binding strength of M–S can create a high energy barrier that prevents the detachment of covered S atoms and induces sulfur poisoning. This can significantly impede the exposure of catalysts to residual reactants during subsequent charge–discharge cycles. Moreover, the sulfur poisoning will dramatically depress the overall catalytic performance of the SACs during the subsequent charge–discharge process, indicating that some compromise should be made between the high catalytic performance and the sulfur poisoning in designing SACs for Li–S batteries.
Simulation-Based Design of the Common-Mode Transformer-Less Hybrid EMI Filter in DC-Fed Motor Drive Systems

This article presents a circuit simulation-based design method for common-mode (CM) transformer-less hybrid EMI filters (HEFs) to obtain the required CM current attenuation. First, a simulation-based design method of the HEF, including the passive filtering components, is presented. The prototype HEF is implemented in a DC-fed three-phase motor drive system to validate the design method and evaluate the HEF’s performance. The measured results validate the presented design method and show that the HEF can increase the CM current attenuation of a passive EMI filter (PEF) up to 8.2 dB in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 1.4 MHz. Furthermore, the measured result clarifies that implementing a voltage-sensing parallel-compensating active feedback circuit can reduce the volume of the CMI used in a PEF designed to achieve the same attenuation of the HEF by about 75 %.
A Novel Multi-Carrier Quadrature NOMA With α – μ Fading Channel for Multi-User Scenario

Multi-carrier power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (MC-PD-NOMA) has been considered a key technology for next-generation wireless networks. In MC-PD-NOMA, the available channel bandwidth is divided into several sub-carriers in order to serve the multiple users in each sub-carrier. In this work, to reduce the number of successive interference cancellation (SIC) operations, detection delay, SIC complexity and to enhance the SIC stability of the MC-PD-NOMA, a system, namely, MC-quadrature-NOMA (MC-Q-NOMA), is proposed. Furthermore, the proposed MC-Q-NOMA follows the essential upconversion architecture to provide orthogonality in the pass-band. Moreover, a novel analytical framework is introduced to evaluate analytical expressions of average sum-rate (ASR), outage probability (OP), and diversity order for the proposed system under the generalized $\alpha -\mu $ channel for perfect and imperfect SICs. In addition, the proposed framework is utilized to determine the analytical expression of ASR, OP, and diversity order for MC-PD-NOMA. Comparative analysis indicates that under imperfect SIC, MC-Q-NOMA outperforms the MC-PD-NOMA due to the lesser number of SICs. However, under perfect SIC, MC-Q-NOMA demonstrates comparable performance with the MC-PD-NOMA. Furthermore, the analytical expression of the average bit-error-rate is evaluated for the MC-Q-NOMA. Numerical results demonstrate that the error performance of MC-Q-NOMA is superior to MC-PD-NOMA for all signal-to-noise ratio values.
Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Features Among Commercially Insured Adults in the United States

Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients younger than 50 has been rising over the last several decades, accounting for up to 25% of total cases. Despite the screening age recently being lowered to 45, a significant proportion of cases would still arise at younger ages prior to screening. Nonfamilial early-onset CRC remains a particular concern. Identification of risk factors and clinical features in this age group is needed to improve detection. Methods: In this retrospective cohort analysis using claims data from the Truven Health MarketScan® Commercial Claims insurance database from 2007 to 2017, patients were identified with colon and rectal cancer, compared across three age groups (ages 18-40, 40-50, and >50), and analyzed for risk factors and clinical features. Results: Female sex was more prevalent in the younger age group compared to age >50 (54% and 51.9% vs. 49.6%), with little change noted between rectal cancer age groups by sex. A higher percentage of younger patients were in the obese age groups compared with older groups for colon cancer, particularly the morbidly obese with BMI >40 (24.94%, 25.75%, and 21.34% in the three age groups). Abdominal pain was a common presenting symptom identified in the age groups <50 compared with age >50 (25% and 19% vs. 14%), along with hematochezia, weight loss, and anemia. Conclusions: Morbid obesity and female sex may be important risk factors among patients with early-onset CRC. The presence of abdominal pain was more common among the early-onset CRC cohort.
Data-Driven Models for Evaluating Coastal Eutrophication: A Case Study for Cyprus

Eutrophication is a major environmental issue with many negative consequences, such as hypoxia and harmful cyanotoxin production. Monitoring coastal eutrophication is crucial, especially for island countries like the Republic of Cyprus, which are economically dependent on the tourist sector. Additionally, the open-sea aquaculture industry in Cyprus has been exhibiting an increase in recent decades and environmental monitoring to identify possible signs of eutrophication is mandatory according to the legislation. Therefore, in this modeling study, two different types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are developed based on in situ data collected from stations located in the coastal waters of Cyprus. These ANNs aim to model the eutrophication phenomenon based on two different data-driven modeling procedures. Firstly, the self-organizing map (SOM) ANN examines several water quality parameters’ (specifically water temperature, salinity, nitrogen species, ortho-phosphates, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity) interactions with the Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) parameter. The SOM model enables us to visualize the monitored parameters’ relationships and to comprehend complex biological mechanisms related to Chl-a production. A second feed-forward ANN model is also developed for predicting the Chl-a levels. The feed-forward ANN managed to predict the Chl-a levels with great accuracy (MAE = 0.0124; R = 0.97). The sensitivity analysis results revealed that salinity and water temperature are the most influential parameters on Chl-a production. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis results of the feed-forward ANN captured the winter upwelling phenomenon that is observed in Cypriot coastal waters. Regarding the SOM results, the clustering verified the oligotrophic nature of Cypriot coastal waters and the good water quality status (only 1.4% of the data samples were classified as not good). The created ANNs allowed us to comprehend the mechanisms related to eutrophication regarding the coastal waters of Cyprus and can act as useful management tools regarding eutrophication control.
Comparison of VO2max Estimations for Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Tests in Apparently Healthy Adults

Due to limited accessibility, direct measurement of VO2max is rarely performed in clinical settings or sports centers. As a result, regression equations have been developed and are currently used during exercise tests to provide an indirect estimation. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has recommended a regression equation for running to provide an indirect estimation of VO2. However, significant differences have been observed between these estimations and directly measured VO2max. Additionally, since submaximal assessments may be more convenient for both athletes and sedentary/diseased individuals, they were included in the analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VO2max estimations provided using the ACSM running equation when used during both maximal and submaximal exercise tests among adult runners. A total of 99 apparently healthy and active adults (age: 39.9 ± 12.2 years; VO2max: 47.4 ± 6.0 mL O2/kg∙min−1) participated in this study. Two types of submaximal estimations were performed to predict VO2max: one based on age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) (ACSMsubmax,Fox), and the second using the actual HRmax measured during the exercise test (ACSMsubmax,measured). The measured VO2max was compared to these estimations obtained from a single exercise test. Both maximal and submaximal exercise tests significantly overestimated VO2max (ACSMmax: +9.8, p < 0.001; ACSMsubmax,Fox: +3.4, p < 0.001; ACSMsubmax,measured: +3.8 mL O2/kg∙min−1, p < 0.001). However, the submaximal estimations were closer to the measured VO2max (p < 0.001). This analysis demonstrated that the included methods overestimated the true VO2max. Nonetheless, the submaximal exercise tests provided a more accurate prediction of VO2max compared to the maximal exercise tests when using the ACSM running equation.
Life Satisfaction of Immigrants and Length of Stay in the New Country

A large amount of research is dedicated to the measurement of immigration trends and integration processes, but comparative studies of the components of immigrants’ well-being are rare. This paper investigates the link between the length of stay and the subjective well-being (SWB) of immigrants. A step-by-step regression method is used to understand interactions between different individual- and macro-level factors in the life satisfaction of immigrants. The results of the European Social Survey (ESS) show that the effect of length of stay on SWB is mitigated by numerous individual- and country-level variables. After all background variables are considered, newly arrived immigrants and those who have been in the new country for more than 20 years had a similar life satisfaction to that of the local-born population. Immigrants with 10 to 20 years’ experience in the country seem to have lower life satisfaction than the local-born population. The SWB of different immigrant groups is shaped by cultural background, economic coping, number of social contacts, perception of discrimination, and democracy. These factors influence the life satisfaction of migrants with different lengths of stay differently. The most vulnerable immigrant groups in Europe are those from Africa region.
Importance of Realistic Considerations of Time Synchronization for TAS in TSN Networks

Industry 4.0 applications require communication networks with deterministic and bounded latency. Ethernet, augmented with the IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standards, can meet these requirements. One of the TSN standards, Time Aware Shaper (TAS) is ideal for periodic time-sensitive traffic in wired TSN networks. However, it relies on network-wide synchronization to a common reference time. Existing solutions for developing TAS schedules assume perfect synchronization or consider a worst-case error. This study highlights the need for using network-derived time synchronization parameters and errors to optimize TAS schedules. It raises the importance of accurate time synchronization information and proposes a novel methodology for efficient band-width utilization while ensuring deadline requirements are met for time-sensitive traffic in realistic networks. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated by simulating a TSN network in OMNeT++ and comparing the devised TAS schedules with schedules which use existing assumptions.
The Effects of Information Communication Technologies on Human Capital: A Panel Data Analysis

The transition to the information age with globalization has opened the doors of digital transformation all over the world. In this digital transformation process, each new day corresponds to new information. In addition, the dimensions of communication have started to change with new information. It has become inevitable that such developments in information and communication technologies will have an impact on human development. In this context, the effect of information and communication technologies on human capital in the academic field arouses curiosity. This study aims to investigate the effects of information and communication technologies on human capital with the panel data analysis method. Annual data based on the 2000-2019 period for 10 countries selected among the emerging economies were used in the study. The dependent variable was the human capital index; the control variables were the education index and life expectancy at birth, and the independent variable was the share of information and communication technologies exports in total exports in the study. According to the findings of the study, it was concluded that the share of information and communication technologies exports in total exports increased human capital along with the education index and life expectancy at birth.
CANADIAN PEARL MILLET: A POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVE GRAIN TO CORN IN BROILER PRODUCTION

Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of partially or totally replacing corn with pearl millet (PM) in broiler diets, alone or in combination with exogenous enzymes, on growth performance, ileal dry matter (DM), CP and amino acid digestibility, and intestinal digesta viscosity, morphological development and microbial populations. In experiment 1, dietary treatments included: a standard corn-soybean meal diet and one in which corn was replaced with 25, 50, 75 or 100% PM. In experiment 2, dietary treatments were: 1) a standard corn-soybean meal diet; 2) a PM-soybean meal diet; 3) diet 1 + exogenous enzymes; and 4) diet 2 + exogenous enzymes. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. PM diets contained less soybean meal because PM grains were richer in CP and amino acids than corn. Total replacement of corn with PM significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion. However, there were no additional benefits due to enzyme supplementation. Feeding broilers PM diets did not have any detrimental effects on digesta viscosity, villus height, villus width and villus surface area of the jejunum. On the contrary, in experiment 2, villi were longer (P < 0.05) in PM-fed birds than those fed corn diets with or without enzymes. Intestinal loads of E. coli were not altered by any of the dietary treatments. But, in experiment 2, both PM diets, with or without enzymes, significantly increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacilli loads. In both studies, DM, CP and amino acids digestibility were similar between corn and PM diets. However, enzyme supplementation to corn or PM diets increased (P < 0.05) DM and CP digestibility. Amino acid digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) only in birds fed the corn diet containing enzymes in comparison with those fed the corn diet without enzymes. In conclusion, total replacement of corn with PM in broiler diets caused significant improvements in growth parameters, and Lactobacilli populations and villus development of the intestines. Additionally, enzyme supplementation to PM diets increased intestinal DM and CP digestibility. %%%%Deux etudes ont ete entreprises pour etudier les effets de replacer le mais par le millet perle (MP), soit partiellement ou totalement, dans des regimes du poulet de chair, sans ou en combinaison avec des enzymes exogenes sur la croissance, la digestibilite de la matiere seche, proteines brut (CP) et acides amine dans l'ileon, la viscosite intestinale, et le developpement morphologique et les populations bacteriennes dans l'intestin. Dans l'experience 1, les traitements dietetiques etaient: un regime standard de mais-soja, et la meme diete dans laquelle le mais a ete remplace par le MP a 25, 50, 75 ou 100%. Dans l'experience 2, les traitements dietetiques comprenait: 1) un regime de mais-soja; 2) un regime de MP-soja; 3) le regime 1+enzymes; et 4) le regime 2+enzymes. Tous les regimes avaient la meme teneur en azotes et calories. Les regimes de MP contenaient moins de soja parce que les graines de MP etaient plus riches en CP et acides…
Sensorless Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control of PMSM Based on Barrier Function Adaptive Super-Twisting Observer

For the purpose of simplifying the physical structure, improving the anti-disturbance performance and enhancing the response performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), this article proposes a novel sensorless fixed-time sliding mode control scheme with fast fixed-time convergence for PMSM. First, to realize sensorless control, a barrier function (BF)-based adaptive super-twisting observer (BF-ASTO) is designed to accurately estimate the rotor's position and speed of the PMSM. The BF is chosen as an adaptive algorithm for online tuning the parameters of BF-ASTO to achieve a better speed estimation performance. Then, an adaptive fixed-time integral sliding mode controller (AFTISMC) is proposed based on fixed-time stability theory, which guarantees both the independence of the settling time on the initial conditions and the finite time speed tracking error convergence. Lyapunov stability analysis is rigorously given for both the designed BF-ASTO and the AFTISMC, respectively. Finally, real-time experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method with the BF-ASTO.
Introduction to Regulatory Affairs and Different Regulatory Bodies for Pharmaceutical Products and Impact of Digitalization on Regulatory Affairs

To ensure the quality and marketability of products, the field of regulatory affairs (RA) serves as an intermediary between regulatory bodies, the industry, and consumers. The primary objective of pharmaceutical registration is centered on the marketing process. The World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Trade Organization (WTO), International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), and World In-tellectual Property Organization (WIPO) play crucial roles in the process. Drug registration and commercialization are overseen by national regulatory authorities initially, following the guidelines of the key organizations. The phenomenon of digital disruption is widespread and has significant effects on several domains of work. This influence has been further intensified by the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the rapid advancements in the complexity and capabilities of machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. The future of this profession is influenced by various trends, including the swift progress in scientific comprehension of diseases, which has resulted in the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment and potential eradication of some ailments. The importance of strategic collaborations, alignment, and integration among national regulatory agencies has been heightened by recent global regulatory reforms. This trend is expected to persist. The impact of these elements on regulatory professionals, medication development, and medical practice in the future is a subject of considerable attention. The enhancement of skills and the adoption of a growth mindset are crucial for regulatory affairs professionals to implement the necessary adjustments. This emerging paradigm promotes the cultivation of personal responsibility in individuals’ professional development, fostering adaptability and emphasizing the significance of lifelong learning. Through their actions,
An Improved Distributed Computing Time-Series Short-term Load Forecasting Pipeline for MV Transmission Planning

Planning, maintenance, and power flow analysis of modern power systems generally require the application of load prediction as a critical component. This paper presents a general, scalable, end-to-end big data pipeline, that uses the strong correlation between energy consumption, date and time information, and weather data for 24-hour-ahead load forecasting. The suggested approach is validated using actual energy usage data gathered from more than 100,000 distribution transformers in the Spanish electrical smart grid and implemented seamlessly using the parallelization capacity of distributed computing cluster leading to a dramatic decrease in the execution time. This paper introduces the following interesting findings: i) in the context of big data where hundreds of thousands of distribution transformers data exist, load forecasting at aggregated level can be done using linear regression models where more than 85% of the total energy consumption, across all distribution transformers in Spain, is forecasted with an $R^{2}\geq 70\%$. ii) slicing the data into $\text{24}$ pieces to develop a forecasting model for each hour and connect these models together to reflect the inter-hours correlation is better than building one regression model for all 24 hours together. iii) computation cost and time are the most important driving factor in choosing the best regression model in short-term load forecasting at the aggregation and production levels.