Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regularization techniques and parameter estimation for object detection in hyperspectral data

The main challenge for the retrieval of information using hyperspectral sensors is that due to the high dimensionality provided by them there is not comparably enough a priori data to produce well-estimated parameters to solve our detection problem. This lack of enough a priori information for an estimation yields to a rank-deficient problem. As a consequence, this leads to an increment in false alarms and increase in the probability of missing throughout the classification process. An approach based on a regularization technique applied to the data collected from the hyperspectral sensor is used to simultaneously minimize the probabilities of false alarms and missing. This procedure is implemented using algorithms that apply regularization techniques by biasing the covariance matrix, which enable the simultaneous reduction of the probability of false alarm and the decrease of the probability of missing; thus, enhancing the Maximum Likelihood parameter estimation.
Mesoscale Simulations of the Land Surface Effects of Historical Logging in a Moist Continental Climate Regime

Abstract An enhanced knowledge of the feedbacks from land surface changes on regional climates is of great importance in the attribution of climate change. To explore the effects of deforestation on a midlatitude climate regime, two sets of two five-member ensembles of 28-day simulations were conducted using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) coupled to the “Noah” land surface model. The four ensembles represented conditions in summer (August) and winter (February) across the northern mid-Atlantic United States before and after extensive late-nineteenth-century logging of hardwood forests in central and northern Pennsylvania. Prelogging ensembles prescribed a vegetative cover of an evergreen needleleaf forest; postlogging ensembles prescribed sparse vegetation and bare soil to simulate clear-cut deforestation. The results of the MM5 experiments showed a decided seasonality in the response of the land surface–atmosphere system t.
On entropy and Turing machine with moving tape dynamical model

If M is a Turing machine with the states set Q and the alphabet , then it induces the continuous map T on the compact metric space (the Turing machine with moving tape (TMT) model). This paper mainly deals with the topological entropy of the map T. We give the simple formula for topological entropy of the TMT model. The exact conditions for T being homeomorphism are also presented. Additionally we study connections between the dynamics of T and the induced shift dynamics. Obtained results are used to calculate the exact value of topological entropy among some class of invertible TMT. The entropy upper bound is also given in other, more general, situations.
The Correlation of Frequency of Work-Related Disorders with Type of Work among Polish Employees

Musculoskeletal disorders have a significant negative impact on the quality of life of the population. These conditions, as well as other work-related disorders, generate costs associated with treatment and work absence, which makes it a growing problem in industrialized countries. Available data from studies on individual populations of workers indicate a higher incidence of certain symptoms in these groups. Due to the lack of studies on the general population, we aimed to perform the preliminary study evaluating the occurrence of pain and work-related conditions depending on the type of occupational work among Polish employees to identify further possible areas for research. Data was collected using an electronic self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed in groups bringing together various professionals. The data obtained from 379 participants have been analyzed and divided according to performed work into sedentary, forced posture, standing, physical and requiring physical activity. Our study reveals a correlation between the frequency of work-related disorders and type of work performed in the Polish population. A significant correlation between the type of occupational work and prevalence of ankle, knee and shoulder pain, as well as heavy legs or upper limb paresthesia was found. According to our findings, female employees may be more vulnerable to lower limb symptoms. A place of residence also seems to affect the prevalence of upper back pain and heavy legs. The analysis also showed a correlation between the occurrence of hip, knee and ankle pain and the level of education of the participants. Surprisingly, lower extremity paresthesia was significantly more common among participants undertaking additional physical activity, compared to non-physically active respondents.
Effect of a Four-Week Soccer Training Program Using Stressful Constraints on Team Resilience and Precompetitive Anxiety

The present study examined the effects of stressful constraints during soccer trainings on psychological skill development and internal load when compared with control (nonstressful) trainings. A total of 51 elite male youth soccer players (27 in the experimental group, M = 16.54 years; 24 in the control group, M = 15.44 years) participated in the study. In a 12-week longitudinal survey, team resilience, using the Spanish version of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory, and anxiety, using the Sport Anxiety Scale, were measured at baseline (after 4 weeks of regular trainings), postprotocol (after 4 weeks of control or experimental trainings), and follow-up (after 4 weeks of regular trainings). Results show that, when compared with the control group, a program with stressful constraints helped young soccer players to develop better psychological skills: specifically, increased ability to cope with impairments in resilience (both resilience characteristics and team vulnerability under pressure; p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety (p = 0.06) and decreases in preoccupation (p < 0.001) and lack of concentration (p < 0.001) were also observed. The adaptation of human behavior to specific trainings may explain these results. In conclusion, the regular exposure of young soccer players to stressful situations during trainings shows benefits for their psychological skill development in soccer. Then, benefits on internal load were also observed.
VARIATION IN ATTITUDES AND VALUES AMONG JAPANESE AMERICANS AND JAPANESE BRAZILIANS

This paper discusses the acculturation of Japanese descents through the approach of exploratory data analysis. When considering acculturation, it may be common sense to consider that Sansei are more assimilated with the culture of the immigrated country than are Nisei. While observing the survey results, the question “Is this really true? ” occurred to me. The point of the study is to examine, by extensive sample surveys, the hypothesis that acculturation among generations of immigrants is of two types, namely: ‘natural acculturation’ and ‘a tendency of turning toward the Japanese way of thinking. ’ This is considered to be an important point when the acculturation of a race is considered.
Coalescing binaries and large band resonant spherical detectors

The number of observed cycles of a coalescing binary, the signal-to-noise ratio with matched filtering, the event rate and the accuracies in the determination of the chirp mass, time of arrival and the amplitude are calculated for a spherical detector of large bandwidth, showing their relation to the bandwidth and the resonant frequency. Further, the probability of detection and false alarm improve when considering both windows at fundamental and first harmonic frequencies. Spherical detectors of large bandwidth are promising tools for the analysis of coalescing binaries and require novel applications of data analysis techniques.
Review of Bacterial Nanocellulose-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Functionalization, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Electrochemical biosensing devices are known for their simple operational procedures, low fabrication cost, and suitable real-time detection. Despite these advantages, they have shown some limitations in the immobilization of biochemicals. The development of alternative materials to overcome these drawbacks has attracted significant attention. Nanocellulose-based materials have revealed valuable features due to their capacity for the immobilization of biomolecules, structural flexibility, and biocompatibility. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has gained a promising role as an alternative to antifouling surfaces. To widen its applicability as a biosensing device, BNC may form part of the supports for the immobilization of specific materials. The possibilities of modification methods and in situ and ex situ functionalization enable new BNC properties. With the new insights into nanoscale studies, we expect that many biosensors currently based on plastic, glass, or paper platforms will rely on renewable platforms, especially BNC ones. Moreover, substrates based on BNC seem to have paved the way for the development of sensing platforms with minimally invasive approaches, such as wearable devices, due to their mechanical flexibility and biocompatibility.
Controls on Lithium Incorporation and Isotopic Fractionation in Large Benthic Foraminifera

The lithium (Li) isotopic composition of carbonates is considered to be a reliable archive of past seawater Li isotopic compositions, which are useful as a tracer of silicate weathering. However, δ7Li values have been shown to be dependent on either pH or DIC in two studies using similar species of large, benthic foraminifera from the genus Amphistegina. To resolve this issue, we conducted culture experiments on Amphistegina lessonii in decoupled pH–DIC conditions, under two different light treatments, and with normal or Li-enriched seawater. The δ7Li values and Li/Ca ratios in the foraminifera tests were analysed by ion microprobe and LA-ICP-MS, respectively. No links between either the pH or DIC and δ7Li or Li/Ca values were observed for any of the treatments, and growth rates also did not seem to influence the Li incorporation or isotopic fractionation, contrary to observations from inorganic carbonate-precipitation experiments. Overall, these findings appear to support the use of Li isotopes in large benthic foraminifera to reconstruct past seawater chemistry and to infer changes in chemical weathering during carbon-cycle perturbations.
Regional peak flow as a novel approach to assess regional pulmonary mechanics by electrical impedance tomography: an observational validation study

Background Spontaneous breathing efforts during mechanical ventilation are a widely accepted weaning approach for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. These efforts can be too vigorous, possibly inflicting lung and diaphragm damage. Higher positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels can be used to lower the magnitude of vigorous breathing efforts. Nevertheless, PEEP titrating tools are lacking in spontaneous mechanical ventilation (SMV). Therefore, the aim is to develop an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) algorithm for quantifying regional lung mechanics independent from a stable plateau pressure phase based on regional peak flow (RPF) by EIT, which is hypothetically applicable in SMV and to validate this algorithm in patients on controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). Methods The RPF algorithm quantifies a cumulative overdistension (ODRPF) and collapse (CLRPF) rate and is validated in a prospective cohort of mechanically ventilated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients on CMV. ODRPF and CLRPF are compared with compliance-based cumulative overdistension (ODP500) and collapse (CLP500) rates from the Pulmovista 500 EIT device at multiple PEEP levels (PEEP 10 cmH2O to PEEP 24 cmH2O) in EIT measurements from CMV patients by linear mixed models, Bland-Altman analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Seventy-eight patients were included. Linear mixed models revealed an association between ODRPF and ODP500 of 1.02 (0.98–1.07, P<0.001) and between CLRPF and CLP500 of 0.93 (0.80–1.05, P<0.001). ICC values ranged from 0.78 to 0.86 (P<0.001) for ODRPF and ODP500 and from 0.70 to 0.85 (P<0.001) for CLRPF and CLP500 (PEEP 10 to PEEP 24). The mean bias between ODRPF and ODP500 in these PEEP levels ranged from 0.80% to 4.19% and from −1.31% to 0.13% between CLRPF and CLP500. Conclusions A RPF approach for quantifying regional lung mechanics showed a moderate to good agreement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related ARDS patients on CMV compared to the compliance-based approach. This, in addition to being independent of a plateau pressure phase, indicates that the RPF approach is a valid method to explore for quantifying regional lung mechanics in SMV.
SIRT2i_Predictor: A Machine Learning-Based Tool to Facilitate the Discovery of Novel SIRT2 Inhibitors

A growing body of preclinical evidence recognized selective sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) inhibitors as novel therapeutics for treatment of age-related diseases. However, none of the SIRT2 inhibitors have reached clinical trials yet. Transformative potential of machine learning (ML) in early stages of drug discovery has been witnessed by widespread adoption of these techniques in recent years. Despite great potential, there is a lack of robust and large-scale ML models for discovery of novel SIRT2 inhibitors. In order to support virtual screening (VS), lead optimization, or facilitate the selection of SIRT2 inhibitors for experimental evaluation, a machine-learning-based tool titled SIRT2i_Predictor was developed. The tool was built on a panel of high-quality ML regression and classification-based models for prediction of inhibitor potency and SIRT1-3 isoform selectivity. State-of-the-art ML algorithms were used to train the models on a large and diverse dataset containing 1797 compounds. Benchmarking against structure-based VS protocol indicated comparable coverage of chemical space with great gain in speed. The tool was applied to screen the in-house database of compounds, corroborating the utility in the prioritization of compounds for costly in vitro screening campaigns. The easy-to-use web-based interface makes SIRT2i_Predictor a convenient tool for the wider community. The SIRT2i_Predictor’s source code is made available online.
Exploring the Use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma to Overcome Drug Resistance in Cancer

Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer treatment, as it limits the effectiveness of pharmacological agents and can lead to disease progression. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a technology that uses ionized gas (plasma) to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that can kill cancer cells. CAP is a novel approach for overcoming drug resistance in cancer. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using CAP to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and explore its potential applications in cancer treatment. Going through the existing literature on CAP and drug resistance in cancer, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for further research in this field. Our review suggests that CAP could be a promising option for overcoming drug resistance in cancer and warrants further investigation.
Synthesis of Mono- and Polyazole Hybrids Based on Polyfluoroflavones

The possibility of functionalization of 2-(polyfluorophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-ones, with them having different numbers of fluorine atoms, with 1,2,4-triazole or imidazole under conditions of base-promoted nucleophilic aromatic substitution has been shown. A high selectivity of mono-substitution was found with the use of an azole (1.5 equiv.)/NaOBut(1.5 equiv.)/MeCN system. The structural features of fluorinated mono(azolyl)-substituted flavones in crystals were established using XRD analysis. The ability of penta- and tetrafluoroflavones to form persubstituted products with triazole under azole (6 equiv.)/NaOBut(6 equiv.)/DMF conditions was found in contrast to similar transformations with imidazole. On the basis of mono(azolyl)-containing polyfluoroflavones in reactions with triazole and pyrazole, polynuclear hybrid compounds containing various azole fragments were obtained. For poly(pyrazolyl)-substituted flavones, green emission in the solid state under UV-irradiation was found, and for some derivatives, weak fungistatic activity was found.
Statistical reasoning in psychology and education

Introduction.Preliminary Concepts.Frequency Distributions, Percentiles, and Percentile Ranks.Graphic Representation of Frequency Distributions.Central Tendency.Variability and Standard z-Scores.Standard Scores and the Normal Curve.Correlation. Prediction.Interpretive Aspects of Correlation and Regression.Probability. Random Sampling and Sampling Distributions.Introduction to Statistical Inference: Testing Hypotheses About Single Means (z and t). Interpreting the Results of Hypothesis Testing: Effect Size, Type I and Type II Errors, and Power.Testing Hypotheses About the Difference Between Two Independent Groups.Testing for a Difference between Two Dependent (Correlated) Groups.Inference About Correlation Coefficients.An Alternative to Hypothesis Testing: Confidence Intervals.Chi-Square and Inference About Frequencies.Testing for Differences Among Three or More Groups: One-Way Analysis of Variance (and Some Alternatives). Factorial Analysis of Variance: the Two-Factor Design for Independent Groups.Some (Almost) Assumption-Free Tests.Epilogue: The Realm of Statistics.Appendix A: Review of Basic Mathematics.Appendix B: Summation Rules.Appendix C: List of Symbols.Appendix D: Answers to Problems.Appendix E: Statistical Tables.References.
Optimization of Flexible Flapping-Wing Kinematics in Hover

Hover-capable flapping-wing micro air vehicles are well suited for missions in confined spaces. The best design practices for flapping wings and their kinematics are largely unknown, especially for flexible wings. To address this issue, numerical optimization is applied to the design of the kinematics and structural sizing of a flapping wing using a surrogate-based approach. The surrogates are generated using kriging interpolation of the time-averaged thrust generated and power required by the wings. The thrust and power data are computed using a nonlinear approximate aeroelastic model developed in previous studies by the authors. A numerical optimization algorithm is used to identify designs that produce the desired combination of thrust and power. The design variables consist of parameters describing the flap–pitch kinematics and the stiffness of the flexible wings. A trend study of thrust and power indicate that the phase angle between flap and pitch motions significantly affects the wing performance w.
Mechanistic Insights of Polyphenolic Compounds from Rosemary Bound to Their Protein Targets Obtained by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free-Energy Calculations

Rosemary represents an important medicinal plant that has been attributed with various health-promoting properties, especially antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. Carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, as well as the phenolic acid ester rosmarinic acid, are the main compounds responsible for these actions. In our earlier research, we carried out an inverse molecular docking at the proteome scale to determine possible protein targets of the mentioned compounds. Here, we subjected the previously identified ligand–protein complexes with HIV-1 protease, K-RAS, and factor X to molecular dynamics simulations coupled with free-energy calculations. We observed that carnosic acid and rosmanol act as viable binders of the HIV-1 protease. In addition, carnosol represents a potential binder of the oncogene protein K-RAS. On the other hand, rosmarinic acid was characterized as a weak binder of factor X. We also emphasized the importance of water-mediated hydrogen-bond networks in stabilizing the binding conformation of the studied polyphenols, as well as in mechanistically explaining their promiscuous nature.
Ultraviolet laser induced domain inversion on chromium coated lithium niobate crystals

Direct UV laser writing on chromium coated lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals is found to produce spontaneous domain inversion associated with the exposed UV laser tracks. Experimental evidence suggests that this effect is attributed to local out-diffusion of oxygen, reducing the LiNbO3 crystal surface due to the presence of chromium. The thin chromium film becomes hot and reactive after absorbing the UV laser radiation thus acting as an oxygen getter. This very efficient process enables the inversion of domains at lower intensities as compared to other direct laser based poling methods practically eliminating the deleterious surface damage induced by the direct absorption of the UV laser radiation by the crystal. Furthermore, the versatility of this domain fabrication method, is demonstrated by the production of inverted domain structures on Z-, Y- and 128°YX-cut substrates.
Increased Prevalence and New Evidence of Multi-Species Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Infection in the Sea Turtles of Mabul Island, Borneo

Simple Summary Sea turtles worldwide are infected by a virus known as chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), which causes fibropapillomatosis (FP). Prior to the pandemic lockdown, we conducted field sampling of 69 sea turtles in the pristine waters of Mabul Island, a diving haven located in northern Borneo. Using a molecular-based approach, we determined that the prevalence of ChHV5 in green turtles showed an increase of 42.9% compared to the previous sampling conducted in 2015–2016. Furthermore, for the first time, infection of ChHV5 in hawksbill and olive ridley turtles was also recorded in Borneo. The increased prevalence of ChHV5 should be considered as a possible threat, and efforts should be taken to mitigate the spread of the infection among sea turtles of Mabul Island and surrounding islands. Abstract Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a debilitating tumor disease affecting all species of sea turtles globally. The most probable etiological agent for FP is the chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5). A 2015–2016 field survey of the sea turtles at Mabul Island, Sabah, Malaysia, found three green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with FP tumors. However, the presence of ChHV5 was confirmed in 7.8% (9/115) green turtles and was absent (0/16) in the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles, as determined through molecular approaches. Subsequent to this, we managed to conduct field sampling of sea turtles in November 2019, just prior to the pandemic lockdown. Here, we aim to determine the extent of ChHV5 infection, and whether the virus has spread to other species of sea turtles around Mabul Island after the first reports of ChHV5 and FP. A total of 69 tissue samples were obtained from green (63), hawksbill (5), and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) (1) turtles in November 2019. We observed only one green turtle that exhibited FP tumors. To determine the presence of ChHV5, viral DNA was isolated from all the tissue samples, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis targeting three highly conserved regions of the virus, i.e., the capsid protein gene, glycoprotein H gene, and glycoprotein B gene, was performed. Out of 63 green turtles, 27 were positive for the presence of the virus. The prevalence of ChHV5 in the green turtles showed an increase of 42.9% as compared to the previous sampling conducted in 2015–2016. Additionally, for the first time, three out of the five hawksbill turtles, and one olive ridley turtle, were also PCR-positive for the virus. In conclusion, this study reveals that there has been an increase in ChHV5 infection among turtles in Mabul Island over the last 3 years. ChHV5 should be considered a potential threat, and mitigation efforts should be taken to prevent the spread of infection among the endangered sea turtles of Mabul Island and surrounding islands within the Coral Triangle.