Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Office of the Secretary PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS

SUMMARY: This report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research notes that in no other area subject to its scrutiny has the need for research been so clearly manifest. At the same time, it recognizes that the mentally infirm have long been victims of abuse and exploitation. The Commission's recommendations call for careful review of research projects to establish the appro-priateness and safety of the proposed procedures, the competence of the investigator , the adequacy of procedures to protect privacy, and the actual need to involve the institutionalized mentally infirm. The recommendations call for the informed consent of all competent subjects or, where the subjects are incompetent, the assent of the subject and the informed consent of guardians or the authorization of a court. The safeguards required would become increasingly rigorous as the risks to be encountered increase. Where risks were more than minimal, or unrelated to direct benefit to the subjects, approval of a project would require consideration by a national ethical advisory board and by the Secretary of HEW.guments, and data with respect to the Commission's recommendations are requested and should be received on or before May 16, 1978, if they are to receive full consideration. 20014. Additional copies of this Report and Recommendations may be obtained from the same address. All comments received will be available for inspection at room 303, Westwood Building , 5333 Westbard Avenue, Bethesda, Md. , weekdays (Federal holidays excepted) between the hours of 9 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. was signed into law, thereby creating the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Among the charges to the Commission were: (1) Identify the requirements for informed consent to participation in bio-medical and behavioral research by the institutionalized mentally infirm. and (2) investigate and study biomedi-cal and behavioral research conducted or supported under programs administered by the Secretary of HEW and involving the institutionalized mentally infirm to determine the nature of the consent obtained. In discharging this last responsibility, the Commission was to determine the adequacy of the information given the institutionalized mentally infirm respecting the nature and purposes of research, the risks and discomforts, anticipated benefits, and other matters necessary for informed consent, and the competence and the freedom of the institutional-ized mentally infirm to make a choice for or against involvement in research. On the basis of such investigation …
Anonymt och publikt beslutsfattande: Hur anonymitetsgraden påverkar benägenheten att göra egennyttiga eller allmännyttiga val i hjälpsituationer

This thesis set out to examine whether human decisions during help-choice situations are affected by whether the decisions are anonymous or public. The group of public respondents were manipulated to believe that their moral sensitivity would be evaluated and published on Facebook. The hypothesis was how the public group, in comparison to the anonymous one, would dampen the deliberately constructed utilitarian attitude of the survey. The hypothesis was drawn from previous research indicating that utilitarian opinions, counting lives in numbers, have been deemed cold-hearted. However, contrary to the hypothesis, we found that the public respondent group was significantly more utilitarian than the anonymous. This within the confinement of the theme relational connection where the rescue option was to either save the spouse contra plural. The respondents thus have a tendency to take actions in line with personal interests within anonymous help-choice and dampen it when being public. The results point to a risk factor in being too anonymous in a position that is supposed to safeguard public good when there is self-interest for the individual.
Prototypes in the Wild: Lessons Learned from Evaluating Three Ubicomp Systems

The study of Ubicomp is concerned with enabling a future in which the most useful Ubicomp applications are feasible to build and pleasing to use. But what is useful? What is usable? What do people actually need? These questions are only beginning to be answered partly because Ubicomp systems more di! cult to evaluate than desktop applications. This di! culty is due to issues like scale and a tendency to apply Ubicomp in ongoing, daily life settings unlike task and work oriented desktop systems. This paper presents a case study of three Ubicomp systems that were evaluated at multiple stages of their design. In each case, we describe the application and evaluation. We then present a set of lessons that we learned regarding the evaluation techniques we used. Our goal is to better understand how evaluation techniques need to evolve for the Ubicomp domain.
Finding most reliable paths for software defined networks

In this paper, we introduce a new approach that computes the shortest-reliable end-to-end paths for centrally controlled networks like software-defined networks (SDNs). The proposed method aims to find the correlation between the routing mechanism and reliability with the purpose of decreasing the required time of backup path installation through reducing the number of required rules at the moment of failure towards guarantee the fast restoration of the affected path, hence leading to the reduction of the overhead on SDN network controller and the probability of the loss of packets. We also investigate the correlation between the network topology and its reliability and demonstrate the benefits from this relation through experiments using well-known SDN network simulation tools.
Automatic Persian WordNet Construction

In this paper, an automatic method for Persian WordNet construction based on Prenceton WordNet 2.1 (PWN) is introduced. The proposed approach uses Persian and English corpora as well as a bilingual dictionary in order to make a mapping between PWN synsets and Persian words. Our method calculates a score for each candidate synset of a given Persian word and for each of its translation, it selects the synset with maximum score as a link to the Persian word. The manual evaluation on selected links proposed by our method on 500 randomly selected Persian words, shows about 76.4% quality respect to precision measure. By augmenting the Persian WordNet with the un-ambiguous words, the total accuracy of automatically extracted Persian Word-Net is about 82.6% which outperforms the previously semi-automated generated Persian WordNet by about 12.6%.
Prevalence and clinical profile of pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Information on the clinical profile of pancreatic cancer (PaC) associated diabetes (DM) is limited. We compared the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DM in subjects with and without PaC. METHODS We prospectively recruited 512 newly diagnosed PaC cases and 933 controls of similar age, who completed demographic and clinical questionnaires and had fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels measured at recruitment and after pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 105). Subjects with a FBG level >126 mg/dL or who were on antidiabetic treatment were classified as having DM. RESULTS DM was more prevalent (47% vs 7%; P < .001) and predominantly of new onset (<2-year duration) (74% vs 53%; P = .002) among cases compared with controls. Among PaC cases, those with DM (n = 243) were older (68 +/- 10 vs 64 +/- 12 years; P < .001), reported higher usual adult body mass index (30 +/- 6 vs 27 +/- 5 kg/m(2); P < . 001), and had a greater frequency of family history of DM (47% vs 31%; P < .001) compared with those without DM (n = 269). After pancreaticoduodenectomy, while DM resolved in 17 of 30 patients (57%) with new-onset DM, its prevalence was unchanged in patients with long-standing DM (n = 11) (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS PaC is a powerful diabetogenic state; DM associated with PaC is often new-onset, resolves following cancer resection, and appears to be associated with conventional risk factors for DM. New-onset DM in patients with PaC is likely induced by the tumor.
Speech perception and phonological short-term memory capacity in language impairment: preliminary evidence from adolescents with specific language impairment (SLI) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

BACKGROUND The cognitive bases of language impairment in specific language impairment (SLI) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were investigated in a novel non-word comparison task which manipulated phonological short-term memory (PSTM) and speech perception, both implicated in poor non-word repetition. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the contributions of PSTM and speech perception in non-word processing and whether individuals with SLI and ASD plus language impairment (ALI) show similar or different patterns of deficit in these cognitive processes. METHOD & PROCEDURES Three groups of adolescents (aged 14-17 years), 14 with SLI, 16 with ALI, and 17 age and non-verbal IQ matched typically developing (TD) controls, made speeded discriminations between non-word pairs. Stimuli varied in PSTM load (two- or four-syllables) and speech perception load (mismatches on a word-initial or word-medial segment). OUTCOMES & RESULTS Reaction times showed effects of both non-word length and mismatch position and these factors interacted: four-syllable and word-initial mismatch stimuli resulted in the slowest decisions. Individuals with language impairment showed the same pattern of performance as those with typical development in the reaction time data. A marginal interaction between group and item length was driven by the SLI and ALI groups being less accurate with long items than short ones, a difference not found in the TD group. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS Non-word discrimination suggests that there are similarities and differences between adolescents with SLI and ALI and their TD peers. Reaction times appear to be affected by increasing PSTM and speech perception loads in a similar way. However, there was some, albeit weaker, evidence that adolescents with SLI and ALI are less accurate than TD individuals, with both showing an effect of PSTM load. This may indicate, at some level, the processing substrate supporting both PSTM and speech perception is intact in adolescents with SLI and ALI, but also in both there may be impaired access to PSTM resources.
Sports-Related Concussions

What role should the neuropsychologist have in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of sports-related concussions? This question is the focus of this special issue on sports-related concussions. I believe this to be a timely topic, as reports show mild traumatic brain injuries in multiple sports to be a consistently increasing trend over the past several years (e.g., Fall Sports Injury Research, 2002). Much attention has been given to the study of sports-related concussions, and great strides have been made in understanding this health concern, including the cultivation of neuropsychological assessment tools to diagnose concussions and the refinement of recovery curves after injury. Concussion injuries are now thought of as significant neuropsychological events with very real long-term consequences (Zillmer & Spiers, 2001). Nevertheless, many issues related to the diagnosis, assessment, and management of concussions are akin to putting a complex puzzle together:
Weighting technique on multi-timeline for machine learning-based anomaly detection system

Anomaly detection is one of the crucial issues of network security. Many techniques have been developed for certain application domains, and recent studies show that machine learning technique contains several advantages to detect anomalies in network traffic. One of the issues applying this technique to real network is to understand how the learning algorithm contains more bias on new traffic than old traffic. In this paper, we investigate the dependency of the time period for learning on the performance of anomaly detection in Internet traffic. For this, we introduce a weighting technique that controls influence of recent and past traffic data in an anomaly detection system. Experimental results show that the weighting technique improves detection performance between 2.7-112% for several learning algorithms, such as multivariate normal distribution, knearest neighbor, and one-class support vector machine.
Energy-Efficient GPU-Intensive Workload Scheduling for Data Centers

Cooling costs count for a significant part of the total energy consumption in data centers, and previous re-searchers mainly focused on investigating thermal-ware workload distribution strategies for CPU-intensive workloads. This paper introduces a novel machine learning-based approach that aims at reducing energy consumption through thermal-aware workload distribution to build energy-efficient data centers for GPU-intensive workload. To achieve this goal, the study employs the GpuCloudSim Plus simulator, which effectively models the dis-tribution of GPU-intensive applications under diverse workloads and utilizations. The integration of machine learning models allows for accurate temperature predictions and comprehensive evaluation of the proposed algorithm's performance. We pro-posed a new workload scheduling algorithm, ThermalAwareGpu, to reduce the energy cost for GPU-intensive workload. We evaluated our algorithm by generating three common patterns of workloads, and saved up to 12.79 % of computing cost compared to the baseline algorithms. Our future work includes exploring the estimation of data center cooling energy and conducting in-depth comparisons of different workload balancing algorithms on various compute-intensive workloads.
Health information-seeking behaviors, health indicators, and health risks.

OBJECTIVES We examined how different types of health information-seeking behaviors (HISBs)-no use, illness information only, wellness information only, and illness and wellness information combined-are associated with health risk factors and health indicators to determine possible motives for health information seeking. METHODS A sample of 559 Seattle-Tacoma area adults completed an Internet-based survey in summer 2006. The survey assessed types of HISB, physical and mental health indicators, health risks, and several covariates. Covariate-adjusted linear and logistic regression models were computed. RESULTS Almost half (49.4%) of the sample reported HISBs. Most HISBs (40.6%) involved seeking a combination of illness and wellness information, but both illness-only (28.6%) and wellness-only (30.8%) HISBs were also widespread. Wellness-only information seekers reported the most positive health assessments and the lowest occurrence of health risk factors. An opposite pattern emerged for illness-only information seekers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a unique pattern of linkages between the type of health information sought (wellness, illness, and so on) and health self-assessment among adult Internet users in western Washington State. These associations suggest that distinct health motives may underlie HISB, a phenomenon frequently overlooked in previous research.
Beyond Advertising and Publicity: Hybrid Messages and Public Policy Issues

Abstract This research explores a growing genre of marketing communication, labeled hybrid messages, which creatively combine key advantages (and avoid key disadvantages) inherent in advertising and publicity messages. Several types of hybrid messages are discussed, including those with long established histories (product placements, program-length commercials, program tie-ins), and those with a relatively recent origin (masked-art, masked-news, and masked-spokesperson messages). To obtain integrative insights on hybrid messages, this study: (a) reviews their historical/current regulatory status, (b) discusses their pros and cons, theoretical rationales and practical implications, and (c) delineates an extensive agenda for future research. Several important public policy questions raised by hybrid messages are addressed.
Bcl-2 and Bax Modulate Adenine Nucleotide Translocase Activity 1

Bcl-2 is a prosurvival factor that reportedly prevents the nonspecific permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes, yet enhances specific ADP/ATP exchange by these organelles. Here, we show that Bcl-2 enhances the ADP/ATP exchange in proteoliposomes containing the purified adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in isolated mitochondria and mitoplasts, as well as in intact cells in which mitochondrial matrix ATP was monitored continuously using a specific luciferase-based assay system. Conversely, Bax, which displaces Bcl-2 from ANT in apoptotic cells, inhibits ADP/ATP exchange through a direct action on ANT. The Baxmediated inhibition of ADP/ATP exchange can be separated from Baxstimulated formation of nonspecific pores by ANT. Chemotherapyinduced apoptosis caused an inhibition of ANT activity, which preceded the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and could be prevented by overexpression of Bcl-2. These data are compatible with a model of mitochondrial apoptosis regulation in which ANT interacts with either Bax or Bcl-2, which both influence ANT function in opposing manners. Bcl-2 would maintain the translocase activity at high levels, whereas Bax would inhibit the translocase function of ANT.
Automatic chord recognition from audio using a supervised HMM trained with audio-from-symbolic data

A novel approach for obtaining labeled training data is presented to directly estimate the model parameters in a supervised learning algorithm for automatic chord recognition from the raw audio. To this end, harmonic analysis is first performed on symbolic data to generate label files. In paral-lel, we synthesize audio data from the same symbolic data, which are then provided to a machine learning algorithm along with label files to estimate model parameters. Experimental results show higher performance in frame-level chord recognition than the previous approaches.
Spontaneous activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons.

Electrical activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the upper thoracic cord of anesthetized cats was recorded with extracellular microelectrodes. The neurons were identified by their antidromic response to stimulation of the ipsilateral sympathetic cervical nerve. Of a total of 210 units observed, only 44 (21%) were spontaneously active. The discharge pattern was "regular" in 7%, "bursty" in 15%, and "irregular" in 78% of the units. The mean discharge rate was 1.4 spikes/s (range 0.1–5.6) and in any one cell changed little with time. Most spike trains showed a lack of short (i.e. less than 100 ms) interspike intervals. Interpolation of an antidromic impulse in the "regular" spike trains caused a resetting of the rhythm, thus suggesting that the rhythm is endogenous to the sympathetic preganglionic neuron itself. Spontaneous activity was observed in a decentralized, deafferented segment of spinal cord, thus suggesting that the activity can be autochthonous. Injection of a pressor drug resulted in a.
Organization is sharing : from eScience to personal information management = Organização é compartilhamento: de eScience para gestão de informação pessoal

Compartilhamento de informacao sempre foi um aspecto chave em qualquer tipo de esforco conjunto. Paradoxalmente, com o diluvio de dados, a incremental disponibilizacao de informacao tem dificultado o projeto e implementacao de solucoes que efetivamente estimulam o compartilhamento. Esta tese analisa aspectos distintos do compartilhamento - desde ambientes relacionados a eScience ate informacao pessoal. Como resultado desta analise, ela prove respostas para alguns dos problemas encontrados, ao longo de tres eixos. O primeiro, SciFrame, e um arcabouco especifico para descricao de sistemas ou processos envolvendo manipulacao de dados cientificos no formato digital, servindo como um padrao que auxilia a comparacao de sistemas. A adocao do SciFrame para descricao de ambientes cientificos virtuais permite a identificacao de pontos em comum e oportunidades de interoperabilidade. O segundo eixo de contribuicao contempla o problema da comunicacao entre sistemas arbitrarios e servicos oferecidos por bancos de dados, atraves do uso dos entao chamados descritores de bancos de dados ou DBDs. Estes descritores contribuem para desacoplar aplicacoes dos servicos, melhorando, portanto o compartilhamento entre aplicacoes e bancos de dados. A terceira contribuicao, Organografos, prove meios para a organizacao de informacao multifacetada. Ela contempla problemas de compartilhamento de informacao pessoal por intermedio da exploracao da forma como organizamos tais informacoes. Neste caso, ao inves de tentarmos prover meios para o compartilhamento da informacao propriamente dita, a unidade de compartilhamento e a propria organizacao da informacao. Atraves do projeto e compartilhamento de organografos, grupos distintos trocam entre si visoes reconfiguraveis de como a informacao esta organizada, promovendo assim interoperabilidade e reuso. Organografos sao umas abordagens inovadoras para o gerenciamento de dados hierarquicos. Essas tres contribuicoes estao centradas nas ideias basicas de construcao e compartilhamento de informacao organizada hierarquicamente. Parte destas contribuicoes foi validada por estudos de caso e, no caso de organografos, por uma implementacao de fato. Abstract
Social Attraction, Personal Attraction, and Self-Categorization-, A Field Study

A distinction based on social identity theory and self-categorization theory is made between depersonalized (i.e., group prototypical, stereotypical) social attraction and idiosyncratic personal attraction. Only the former; as the affective component of group cohesiveness, is considered to be related to group belongingness. A questionnaire administered after a training session to 28 members of an Australian football team supported the hypotheses. As predicted, group prototypicality was significantly more closely related to social attraction and to social (group-based) popularity than to personal attraction and personal (non-group-based) popularity. Furthermore, members who were morestrongly identified with the team (e.g., rated themselves as highly prototypical) employed prototypicality as a stronger basis for social attraction than other members did.
Development of a Method for Detecting Fruit Maturity Based on the Use of Neural Network Technologies

The article substantiates the need to use neural network algorithms to search for mature crops and optimize harvesting equipment routes based on the data obtained. A technique for detecting fruit maturity based on the use of neural network technologies has been developed. The experiments have shown that the accuracy of the neural network algorithm developed in this dissertation work significantly exceeds the standard YOLOv4 neural networks.
Bulgarian Speech Rhythm: Stress-Timed or Syllable-Timed?

Experimental work on Bulgarian speech rhythm has failed to determine which of the two “traditional” rhythmic categories the language belongs to. Using the model put forward by Dauer (1987), the present paper attempts to characterise the rhythm of Bulgarian in scalar rather than in dichotomous terms. For such an assessment, six of the components proposed by Dauer are relevant. Bulgarian is assigned two pluses (for intonation and function of accent), two zeros (for vowel duration and vowel quality) and two minuses (for syllable structure and consonant quality). According to the model, the more pluses a language has, the more likely it is that this language is “stress-timed”. From the relative rhythm “score” obtained for Bulgarian one can predict that, on a scale of rhythm, the language will occupy an intermediate position. This accounts for the contradictory conclusions reached in earlier studies. Dauer's model thus provides a useful starting point for a study of the rhythm of a given language, but it can be further improved, for example by adding zero marks for some of the components.