Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Input Factor Substitutability in Salmon Aquaculture

The salmon aquaculture industry has experienced substantial expansion during the last two decades. This expansion is largely the result of increased productivity, with a complementary decrease in costs. A general reduction in production costs has been accompanied by substantial shifts in the shares of inputs. Hence, one may question whether the technology has changed so much that some input factors are no longer substitutes in production. In this study, we investigate this by estimating a translog cost function focusing on the difference between full and partial static equilibrium specifications. The results from the different specifications provide evidence of limited or zero substitution possibilities in salmon production. This implies that salmon farming today can be thought of as a converter or refinement industry where less valuable fish (the feed) are converted into higher-valued product.
Predicate functors revisited

Quantification theory, or first-order predicate logic, can be formulated in terms purely of predicate letters and a few predicate functors which attach to predicates to form further predicates. Apart from the predicate letters, which are schematic, there are no variables. On this score the plan is reminiscent of the combinatory logic of Schönfinkel and Curry. Theirs, however, had the whole of higher set theory as its domain; the present scheme stays within the bounds of predicate logic. In 1960 I published an apparatus to this effect, and an improved version in 1971. In both versions I assumed two inversion functors, major and minor; also a cropping functor and the obvious complement functor. The effects of these functors, when applied to an n-place predicate, are as follows: The variables here are explanatory only and no part of the final notation. Ultimately the predicate letters need exponents showing the number of places, but I omit them in these pages. A further functor-to continue now with the 1971 version-was padding: Finally there was a zero-place predicate functor, which is to say simply a constant predicate, namely the predicate ‘I’ of identity, and there was a two-place predicate functor ‘∩’ of intersection. The intersection ‘F ∩ G’ received a generalized interpretation, allowing ‘F’ and ‘G’ to be predicates with unlike numbers of places. However, Steven T. Kuhn has lately shown me that the generalization is unnecessary and reducible to the homogeneous case.
Multi-modes locomotion on natural terrain

This study deals with performance evaluation of locomotion modes of a redundant oﬀ-road robot in order to adapt the locomotion parameters to ground conditions. Evaluation criterion which are stability, gradeability and energy consumption of each locomotion mode are studied for diﬀerent mechanical terrain parameters. The proposed evaluation framework is based on quasi-static motion equations and includes basic concepts of Terramechanics.
Modeling and Visualization of Computational Neuroanatomy - Part II

Rapid and convenient access to digital image archives, as well as archive-based computational tools, are fundamental to many hypothesis-driven investigations of brain anatomy and function in health and disease. The complexity and density of brain image data requires the design of intelligent tools which allow scientific and clinical data, collected at numerous research centers, to be compared, integrated, and disseminated. We describe our results in the development of image data navigational tools, image analysis software, and strategies to represent populations of brain image data involving atlas descriptions of its variance.
Investigations on molecular aspects of lethal congenital contracture syndrome

Arthrogryposis is a clinical description of a phenotype caused by fetal immobility. More than 150 conditions presenting with congenital arthrogryposis are known. Prenatally lethal cases of arthrogryposis present a diagnostic challenge although they are more frequently encountered due to improved ultrasound methods. Post-mortem diagnostics is often hampered by fetal maseration. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is at times only descriptive and prognosis is not always possible to predict. The incidence of anterior horn cell disorders associated with arthrogryposis and early fetal demise is poorly known. Thus, more knowledge about the genetics and epidemiology of these disorders is needed. Importantly, identification of the defective pathways in these disorders would most probably expose critical elements in the normal development of human motoneurons. The Finnish Disease Heritage includes two lethal arthrogryposes. The pathogenetic mechanism of these diseases is still unknown. This thesis sheds light on the molecular mechanisms active during the pathogenesis of Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome. LCCS leads to death of the affected fetuses before the 32nd gestational week. The hallmark of the syndrome is degeneration of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. We localized the defective gene to chromosome 9q34.1 and provided a scaffold to sequence the genomic region. We then continued by the analysis of the positional candidate genes in the critical DNA-region, but until now the LCCS gene and the corresponding mutation remains unknown. To obtain further clues of the character of the LCCS gene and involved pathways, we performed DNA microarray experiments on LCCS spinal cords to unravel the molecular pathways that are deranged during the disease process. We observed changes in central developmental themes, including Sonic Hedgehog in addition to an indication of oligodendrocyte dysfunction. To address the implicated oligodendrocyte dysfunction further, neural precursor cells were harvested from post-mortem LCCS CNS and cultured in vitro. Neural precursor cells from both LCCS patients and age-matched controls were succesfully enriched in culture. The LCCS neural precursor cells appeared denser and assessment of proliferation indicated increased mitotic
mHealth for Smoking Cessation Programs: A Systematic Review

mHealth transforms healthcare delivery around the world due to its affordability and right time availability. It has been used for delivery of various smoking cessation programs and interventions over the past decade. With the proliferation of smartphone usage around the world, many smartphone applications are being developed for curbing smoking among smokers. Various interventions like SMS, progress tracking, distractions, peer chats and others are being provided to users through smartphone applications. This paper presents a systematic review that analyses the applications of mobile phones in smoking cessations. The synthesis of the diverse concepts within the literature on smoking cessations using mobile phones provides deeper insights in the emerging mHealth landscape.
Prediction of Harmonic Distortion in a Distribution System Caused by Housing Loads (Case Study in Surabaya, Indonesia)

This paper will discuss about impact of nonlinear load in residential costumer to harmonic distortion. Electricity consumer behaviour particularly in the household sector with the development of technology will evolve. Equipment used for everyday purposes continues to grow and has become a lifestyle. The modern life is becoming fabulous with the invention of new technology, so that many more electricity utilities are used by people and their houses in daily life. Nowadays, loads in the housing electricity utility do not only contain of linier loads, but also non-linier loads such as television, computer, microwave, fluorescent lamp and so on. The problem uses nonlinear load is create harmonic distortion. The harmonic distortion will reduce the life time of electrical equipment and inefficiency. The purpose of this research is to do modelling and prediction of harmonics level on housing electricity utility. The modelling and prediction of this research was using harmonic analysis with ETAP PowerStation version 4.0. 0 C. This experiment was done in five houses as sample. The measurement was done on non-linier load and Kwh-meter in every house using Fluke 41B. The result of measurement on Kwh-meter on houses was compared in order to get the analysis result for VTHD, ITHD, power factor and frequency. The results research showed that VTHD, power factor (PF) and frequency on house are comply to the normal standard. VTHD result (maximum 5%) is 1.1 % - 3.6%. Beside those, ITHD on house also comformable to due standard, but there are houses that did not comply into the appointed standard. The analysis result showed that energy saving lamp cause the biggest harmonics level. The level of harmonics in every house depends on how many electricity equipment used in it.
Aegerolysins: Structure, function, and putative biological role

Aegerolysins, discovered in fungi, bacteria and plants, are highly similar proteins with interesting biological properties. Certain aegerolysins possess antitumoral, antiproliferative, and antibacterial activities. Further possible medicinal applications include their use in the prevention of atherosclerosis, or as vaccines. Additional biotechnological value of fungal aegerolysins lies in their involvement in development, which could improve cultivation of commercially important edible mushrooms. Besides, new insights on microheterogeneity of raft‐like membrane domains could be gained by using aegerolysins as specific markers in cell and molecular biology. Although the exact function of aegerolysins in their producing organisms remains to be explained, they are biochemically well characterized all‐β structured proteins sharing the following common features: low isoelectric points, similar molecular weights (15–17 kDa), and stability in a wide pH range.
Glutamate and asparagine cataplerosis underlie glutamine addiction in melanoma

Glutamine dependence is a prominent feature of cancer metabolism, and here we show that melanoma cells, irrespective of their oncogenic background, depend on glutamine for growth. A quantitative audit of how carbon from glutamine is used showed that TCA-cycle-derived glutamate is, in most melanoma cells, the major glutamine-derived cataplerotic output and product of glutaminolysis. In the absence of glutamine, TCA cycle metabolites were liable to depletion through aminotransferase-mediated α-ketoglutarate-to-glutamate conversion and glutamate secretion. Aspartate was an essential cataplerotic output, as melanoma cells demonstrated a limited capacity to salvage external aspartate. Also, the absence of asparagine increased the glutamine requirement, pointing to vulnerability in the aspartate-asparagine biosynthetic pathway within melanoma metabolism. In contrast to melanoma cells, melanocytes could grow in the absence of glutamine. Melanocytes use more glutamine for protein synthesis rather than secreting it as glutamate and are less prone to loss of glutamate and TCA cycle metabolites when starved of glutamine.
HIGHLIGHTED TOPIC Pulmonary Physiology and Pathophysiology in Obesity Respiratory restriction and elevated pleural and esophageal pressures in morbid obesity

Behazin N, Jones SB, Cohen RI, Loring SH. Respiratory restriction and elevated pleural and esophageal pressures in morbid obesity. J Appl Physiol 108: 212–218, 2010. First published November 12, 2009; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91356. 2008. —To explore mechanisms of restrictive respiratory physiology and high pleural pressure (PPl) in severe obesity, we studied 51 obese subjects (body mass index 38–80.7 kg/m) and 10 nonobese subjects, both groups without lung disease, anesthetized, and paralyzed for surgery. We measured esophageal and gastric pressures (PEs, PGa) using a balloon-catheter, airway pressure (PAO), flow, and volume. We compared PEs to another estimate of PPl based on PAO and flow. Reasoning that the lungs would not inflate until PAO exceeded alveolar and pleural pressures (PAO PAlv PPl), we disconnected subjects from the ventilator for 10–15 s to allow them to reach relaxation volume (VRel) and then slowly raised PAO until lung volume increased by 10 ml, indicating the “threshold PAO” (PAO-Thr) for inflation, which we took to be an estimate of the lowest PAlv or PPl to be found in the chest at VRel. PAO-Thr ranged from 0.6 to 14.0 cmH2O in obese and 0.2 to 0.9 cmH2O in control subjects. PEs at VRel was higher in obese than control subjects (12.5 3.9 vs. 6.9 3.1 cmH2O, means SD; P 0.0002) and correlated with PAO-Thr (R 0.16, P 0.0015). Respiratory system compliance (CRS) was lower in obese than control (0.032 0.008 vs. 0.053 0.007 l/cmH2O) due principally to lower lung compliance (0.043 0.016 vs. 0.084 0.029 l/cmH2O) rather than chest wall compliance (obese 0.195 0.109, control 0.223 0.132 l/cmH2O). We conclude that many severely obese supine subjects at relaxation volume have positive Ppl throughout the chest. High PEs suggests high PPl in such individuals. Lung and respiratory system compliances are low because of breathing at abnormally low lung volumes.
Design and Implementation of Area Optimized ALU using GDI Technique

: Area and power are the two vital issues in analog circuit design and synthesis of ULSI and VLSI circu its which depends on various critical design parameters. The purpose of this paper is the design and implementation of an Arith metic Logic Unit (A LU) using area optimizing techniques such as complementary & Gate-Diffusion-input (GDI). The main sub-blocks of ALU are Adder, Subtractor, shifter and Logical Block. Th is work evaluates and compares the performance and optimized area of ALU with Static CMOS techniq ue and GDI technique in 250n m CM OS (1P5M -1 Poly 5 Metal) process technology. Simulat ions are performed by using Tanner EDA 13.2 tools using model file 250n m CMOS technology. At first, using Tanner 13.2 EDA S-Ed it Tool, the circuits are implemented with Static CMOS technology and then with GDI techniques. Simu lations results validate the proposed concept and verify that GDI technique decreases the area used by ALU and increase the speed of ALU.
Multi-object tracking using TLD framework

This paper demonstrates the framework for multi-object tracking using TLD background. We examine long-term tracking of object in a video stream. The object is characterized by its location and extent in the video frame. In every next frame, the aim is to calculate the location and extent of object or indicate that object is not present. There are different algorithms which perceive the object in real-time. This system proposes a model which uses modified template matching algorithm based on SURF algorithm and squared difference error method. The template matching is done based on comparison of image features. SURF algorithm of template matching is based on feature point detection from images whereas as the template matching is based on pixel feature comparison. We develop a novel method of tracking based upon template tracking algorithm which crops the region of interest(ROI) from the selected live object from a video stream from trained object database. Matching feature is found by applying principle component analysis.
Detection of Diurnal Variation of Tomato Transcriptome through the Molecular Timetable Method in a Sunlight-Type Plant Factory

The timing of measurement during plant growth is important because many genes are expressed periodically and orchestrate physiological events. Their periodicity is generated by environmental fluctuations as external factors and the circadian clock as the internal factor. The circadian clock orchestrates physiological events such as photosynthesis or flowering and it enables enhanced growth and herbivory resistance. These characteristics have possible applications for agriculture. In this study, we demonstrated the diurnal variation of the transcriptome in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves through molecular timetable method in a sunlight-type plant factory. Molecular timetable methods have been developed to detect periodic genes and estimate individual internal body time from these expression profiles in mammals. We sampled tomato leaves every 2 h for 2 days and acquired time-course transcriptome data by RNA-Seq. Many genes were expressed periodically and these expressions were stable across the 1st and 2nd days of measurement. We selected 143 time-indicating genes whose expression indicated periodically, and estimated internal time in the plant from these expression profiles. The estimated internal time was generally the same as the external environment time; however, there was a difference of more than 1 h between the two for some sampling points. Furthermore, the stress-responsive genes also showed weakly periodic expression, implying that they were usually expressed periodically, regulated by light–dark cycles as an external factor or the circadian clock as the internal factor, and could be particularly expressed when the plant experiences some specific stress under agricultural situations. This study suggests that circadian clock mediate the optimization for fluctuating environments in the field and it has possibilities to enhance resistibility to stress and floral induction by controlling circadian clock through light supplement and temperature control.
A communication model on implementing anycast service with multicast tree in IPv6

A new kind of Anycast communication model is proposed on the basis of multicast tree technology in this paper. Since this model achieves dynamic Anycast group and allows Anycast members to freely leave and join Anycast group it solves the existing scalability problem. In addition, this model accomplishes the distributed maintenance and transaction of Anycast service request and the information on Anycast tree so it fulfills the load balance. This paper deeply analyzes and discusses the feasibility and validity of this communication model, and the experimental data in IPv6 simulation demonstrate that the TRT of one Anycast service(for example, file downloading) acquired through this communication model is shorter than the one through the current communication model.
The Application of P2P in Video Grid

The POP servers usually have overloaded burden in the current Video Grid. This paper puts forward a technique to import P2P mechanism into Video Grid to alleviate the burden of POP servers. PGVOD is proposed under this technique. It can send video streams buffered in client computers to other clients so as to alleviate the burden of POP servers, shorten the transmission path of video streams in network, to improve the scalability of the Video Grid. The design schema of the framework and the operation mode of nodes in PGVOD system, the design and the process of management of dynamic update of the LCN are described in detail. Finally, PGVOD is compared with a VOD system--Video Grid of C/S structure. The result shows that PGVOD can save bandwidth of network; improve the throughput and performance of the system efficiently.
Interactive 3D Animation System for Web3D

We developed a personal Web3D system more than a decade which consists of 1) simple measuring method of 3D objects, 2) automatic annotation system, 3) efficient viewer, and 4) 3D object analyzing technique. Recently, we extended the system with 3D animation. With the system, not only 3D objects are automatically animated with predetermined parameters along single time-line, but also an interactive operation on asynchronous motion is realized. To achieve this, we propose a state transition model considering a state of 3D object linked with 3D animation. By using the model, independent animations are played according to the users interaction. Furthermore, intuitive interface based on gesture is implemented with tablet PC.
Increased flexibility and dynamics in distributed applications and processes through resource decoupling

Continuously increasing complexity of products and services requires more and more specialised expertise as well as relevant support by specialised IT tools and services. However, these services require expert knowledge as well, particularly in order to apply and use these services and tools in an efficient and optimal way. To this end, this thesis introduces a new virtualisation approach, allowing for both, the transparent integration of services in abstract process description languages, as well as the role based integration of human experts in this processes. The developed concept of this thesis has been realised by: - Enhancing the concept of web services with a service virtualisation layer, allowing for the transparent usage, adaptation and orchestration of services - Enhancing the developed concept towards a “Dynamic Session Management” environment, enabling the transparent and role-based integration of human experts following the SOA paradigm - Developing a collaboration schema, allowing for setting up and steering synchronous collaboration sessions between human experts. This enhancement also considers the respective user context and provides the best suitable IT based tooling support. The developed concept has been applied to scientific and economic application fields with a respective reference realisation. Kontinuierlich komplexere Produkte und Dienstleistungen erfordern mehr und mehr spezialisiertes Wissen von Personen sowie eine entsprechende IT Unterstutzung durch Bereitstellung entsprechender, spezialisierter Dienste. Solche spezialisierten Dienste setzen allerdings ebenfalls Expertenwissen voraus, um effizient und optimiert eingesetzt und bedient zu werden. Hierzu wird in dieser Arbeit ein neuer Virtualisierungsansatz entwickelt, welcher sowohl die transparente Integration von Diensten als auch von Personen in abstrakten Prozessbeschreibungssprachen ermoglicht. Das Konzept dieser Arbeit wurde realisiert durch: - Die Erweiterung des Web Service Konzepts mit Virtualisierungsmoglichkeiten, welche es ermoglichen, transparent Dienste zu verwenden und diese zur Laufzeit transparent anzupassen und zu orchestrieren - Die Erweiterung des entwickelten Konzepts zu einem “Dynamic Session Management”, welches die transparente und rollenbasierte Integration von menschlichen Experten entsprechend des SOA Paradigmas ermoglicht - Die Entwicklung eines Kollaborationsschemas, welches es ermoglicht, synchrone Kollaborationen zwischen menschlichen Experten aufzusetzen und zu steuern. Dies geschieht unter Berucksichtigung des jeweiligen Anwenderkontexts sowie der bestmoglichen Unterstutzung durch IT basierte Dienste. Die Evaluierung des Konzepts erfolgte anhand konkreter wissenschaftlicher und wirtschaftlicher Anwendungsfalle durch eine entsprechende Referenzrealisierung.
Chromosomal Integration, Tandem Amplification, and Deamplification in Pseudomonas putida F1 of a 105-Kilobase Genetic Element Containing the Chlorocatechol Degradative Genes from Pseudomonas sp. Strain B13

ABSTRACT Analysis of chlorobenzene-degrading transconjugants ofPseudomonas putida F1 which had acquired the genes for chlorocatechol degradation (clc) fromPseudomonas sp. strain B13 revealed that theclc gene cluster was present on a 105-kb amplifiable genetic element (named the clc element). In one such transconjugant, P. putida RR22, a total of seven or eight chromosomal copies of the entire genetic element were present when the strain was cultivated on chlorobenzene. Chromosomal integrations of the 105-kb clc element occurred in two different loci, and the target sites were located within the 3′ end of glycine tRNA structural genes. Tandem amplification of theclc element was preferentially detected in one locus on the F1 chromosome. After prolonged growth on nonselective medium, transconjugant strain RR22 gradually diverged into subpopulations with lower copy numbers of the clc element. Two nonadjacent copies of the clc element in different loci always remained after deamplification, but strains with only two copies could no longer use chlorobenzene as a sole substrate. This result suggests that the presence of multiple copies of theclc gene cluster was a prerequisite for the growth ofP. putida RR22 on chlorobenzene and that amplification of the element was positively selected for in the presence of chlorobenzene.