Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cation Transport in Escherichia coli

Methods have been developed to study the intracellular Na and K concentrations in E. coli, strain K-12. These intracellular cation concentrations have been shown to be functions of the extracellular cation concentrations and the age of the bacterial culture. During the early logarithmic phase of growth, the intracellular K concentration greatly exceeds that of the external medium, whereas the intracellular Na concentration is lower than that of the growth medium. As the age of the culture increases, the intracellular K concentration falls and the intracellular Na concentration rises, changes which are related to the fall in the pH of the medium and to the accumulation of the products of bacterial metabolism. When stationary phase cells, which are rich in Na and poor in K, are resuspended in fresh growth medium, there is a rapid reaccumulation of K and extrusion of Na. These processes represent oppositely directed net ion movements against concentration gradients, and have been shown to be dependent upon the presence of an intact metabolic energy supply.
A Phase I Feasibility Study of Yoga on the Physical Health and Coping of Informal Caregivers

Family and friends who provide unpaid care to an individual with a disease or disability (known as informal caregivers) experience numerous threats to their physical health as a result of providing care. In spite of evidence that participation in physical and leisure activities can be health promoting, informal caregivers have reported diminished or completely absent leisure participation. Hatha yoga has documented therapeutic benefits, including reduced anxiety, as well as improved muscle strength and endurance and flexibility. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of conducting an 8-week yoga program with informal caregivers, and to gather pilot data on the effects of yoga on the physical fitness and coping of informal caregivers. Caregivers were randomized into a yoga intervention (n = 8) or control group (n = 9). The yoga sessions were 2.5 hours/week for 8 weeks and consisted of a variety of pranayama (breathing) and asana (postures) activities and were led by a certified yoga instructor. Four caregivers (two in each group) dropped out of the study. After the conclusion of the 8-week yoga program, lower body strength increased significantly for those in the yoga group and other notable trends occurred in terms of coping, upper body strength and aerobic endurance. Caregivers in the control group experienced an unexpected increase in lower body flexibility. These findings indicate that caregivers in a yoga program may receive some benefits. Future studies are encouraged to test the efficacy of yoga as an intervention for caregivers.
Processing Science of Epoxy Resin Composites

Abstract : The Processing Science of Epoxy Resin Composites program investigated the interrelationships between the resin and prepreg physical and chemical properties of 177C (350F) curing epoxy resin systems and how these properties ultimately affected the processing characteristics of the material. The primary influence in affecting laminate quality was determined to be the volatiles in the resin. The major volatile was determined to be water. The situation, however, was more complicated than just the quantity of volatiles that were in a resin or prepreg. Rather, the point of volatile release and local concentrations played a significant role in void formation. Associated also with void formation was vacuum application during processing. Mathematical models have been developed to describe the collective effects of diffusivity, solubility, surface tension, resin flow, and pressure on the removal of volatile material and entrapped air within a laminate. Two techniques were developed to insure pressure translation into the resin during processing, i.e., (1) bagless curing of consolidated parts and (2) internal bag pressurization. These processes have proven to be quite successful in part fabrication, if prior processing cycles were employed.
Mobile search: how to present search results for older users

With thirty-one older participants, this study is conducted to investigate how to present search results on mobile device with aim to improve older users' mobile search performance and satisfaction, and to alleviate perceived disorientation and task workload. The focus groups section is to consider the issue of how many total number of search results should be provided for small- screen search. And then with a 2 (with or without presentation of search results) times 3 (how many results should be displayed when total search results determined) factor experiment is designed to look at the users' mobile search behavior. Based on the results, some guidelines were excluded for those involved in designing approaches that are more appropriate for older users' using small screen contexts.
Technical Aspects of XML Format - Case Study - Differences between Saving Data into Element and Attribute

XML technology is used for data transmission on daily basis. While processing huge files, every millisecond per node can play its part in the process. In total time it can lead to extending the whole procedure by minutes or even tens of minutes which can make it very ineffective in matter of time and cost. Goal of this study is to put saving data into elements in contrast with saving into attributes of XML files and compare final results. In order to receive the best overview, three applications in different selected programming languages were tested and results were compared.
An Exploration of the Relationships among Specific Human Capital, Information Structure and Innovation Pattern

The paper discussed the relationships among specific human capital, information structure and innovation pattern. The organizational pattern of technological innovation is called innovation pattern in short, which includes two typical patterns: internal and external innovation from the perspective of transaction-cost theory. Information structure includes horizontal and vertical information structure, and the degree of human capital specificity is different in different enterprises. Based on a detailed analysis to the connotations of specific human capital, information structure and innovation pattern, the paper analyzed the relationships of them from theoretical perspective, and considers that enterprise’s horizontal information structure corresponds with special human capital and internal innovation pattern separately; while vertical information structure corresponds with versatile human capital and external innovation pattern separately.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Kinesin Superfamily from Physcomitrella

Kinesins are an ancient superfamily of microtubule dependent motors. They participate in an extensive and diverse list of essential cellular functions, including mitosis, cytokinesis, cell polarization, cell elongation, flagellar development, and intracellular transport. Based on phylogenetic relationships, the kinesin superfamily has been subdivided into 14 families, which are represented in most eukaryotic phyla. The functions of these families are sometimes conserved between species, but important variations in function across species have been observed. Plants possess most kinesin families including a few plant specific families. With the availability of an ever increasing number of genome sequences from plants, it is important to document the complete complement of kinesins present in a given organism. This will help develop a molecular framework to explore the function of each family using genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology. The moss Physcomitrella patens has emerged as a powerful model organism to study gene function in plants, which makes it a key candidate to explore complex gene families, such as the kinesin superfamily. Here we report a detailed phylogenetic characterization of the 71 kinesins of the kinesin superfamily in Physcomitrella. We found a remarkable conservation of families and subfamily classes with Arabidopsis, which is important for future comparative analysis of function. Some of the families, such as kinesins 14s are composed of fewer members in moss, while other families, such as the kinesin 12s are greatly expanded. To improve the comparison between species, and to simplify communication between research groups, we propose a classification of subfamilies based on our phylogenetic analysis.
Site-specific acetylation mark on an essential chromatin-remodeling complex promotes resistance to replication stress

Recent work has identified several posttranslational modifications (PTMs) on chromatin-remodeling complexes. Compared with our understanding of histone PTMs, significantly less is known about the functions of PTMs on remodeling complexes, because identification of their specific roles often is hindered by the presence of redundant pathways. Remodels the Structure of Chromatin (RSC) is an essential, multifunctional ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that preferentially binds acetylated nucleosomes. RSC is itself acetylated by Gcn5 on lysine 25 (K25) of its Rsc4 subunit, adjacent to two tandem bromodomains. It has been shown that an intramolecular interaction between the acetylation mark and the proximal bromodomain inhibits binding of the second bromodomain to acetylated histone H3 tails. We report here that acetylation does not significantly alter the catalytic activity of RSC or its ability to recognize histone H3-acetylated nucleosomes preferentially in vitro. However, we find that Rsc4 acetylation is crucial for resistance to DNA damage in vivo. Epistatic miniarray profiling of the rsc4-K25R mutant reveals an interaction with mutants in the INO80 complex, a mediator of DNA damage and replication stress tolerance. In the absence of a core INO80 subunit, rsc4-K25R mutants display sensitivity to hydroxyurea and delayed S-phase progression under DNA damage. Thus, Rsc4 helps promote resistance to replication stress, and its single acetylation mark regulates this function. These studies offer an example of acetylation of a chromatin-remodeling enzyme controlling a biological output of the system rather than regulating its core enzymatic properties.
Simultaneous Frequency and Isolation Reconfigurable MIMO PIFA Using PIN Diodes

A reconfigurable multiple input multiple output (MIMO) planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is presented for three worldwide m-WiMAX bands: 2.3-2.4 GHz, 2.5-2.7 GHz, and 3.4-3.6 GHz. In order to achieve low mutual coupling, i.e., high isolation, a band-notched quarter-wave slot line on the ground plane is used between the two reconfigurable antennas. Two PIN-diodes are appropriately located on the slot line in order to electrically control the slot length. By adjusting both the PIN-diode biases for the reconfigurable antennas and the reconfigurable isolation slot, the proposed antenna simultaneously obtains the operating frequency and isolation reconfigurability for the three operating bands. A parametric analysis is performed to investigate optimized slot lengths for the three operation modes. All of the simulated results are confirmed with measurements. Measured isolation performance of greater than 30 dB improves the radiation efficiency, diversity gain, and channel capacity for all operating frequencies.
Effect of Nanoparticles Aspect Ratio on the Two Phase Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop of Refrigerant and Nanolubricants Mixtures in a 9.5 mm Micro-fin Tube.

In vapor compression cycles of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, a small amount of the compressor lubricating oil is carried with the refrigerant and it circulates to the system components. In heat exchangers, oil is a contaminant and it tends to decrease the heat transfer rate and to increase the pressure losses. Nanolubricants, that is, nanoparticles dispersed in the non-volatile component of a refrigerant and oil mixture, have the potential to augment the efficiency of heat exchangers in a cost-neutral manner for both new and retrofitting applications. This paper documents the effects of the nanoparticles thermal conductivity and aspect ratio on the two-phase flow heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of nanolubricants by experimentally studying two types of nanolubricants. The first type used spherical Alumina (γ-Al2O3) nanoparticles with 40 nm nominal particles diameter. The second type used ZnO nanoparticles with 20 to 40 nm nominal particles diameter and with an elongated hexagonal wurtzite shape. The experimental results indicated that the thermal conductivity of the nanolubricants increased linearly with the added amount of nanoparticles in POE oil, and γ-Al2O3 and ZnO based nanolubricants had similar thermal conductivity if the nanoparticle concentration was 10 wt. % and 20 wt. %. However, even when diluted in the liquid phase of the refrigerant R410A and POE oil mixture, these two types of nanoparticles provided heat transfer performance that were measurably different from each other during two phase flow boiling inside an horizontal 9.5 mm micro-fin evaporator tube. Depending on the mass flux, oil concentration, and heat flux, nanolubricants provided either an enhancement or a degradation of the heat transfer coefficient. These results supported the hypothesis that thermal conductivity of the nanolubricants was not the main property responsible for the heat transfer coefficient intensification during flow boiling. The experimental results also suggested that the magnitude of the enhancements of the two phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient due to the nanoparticles dispersed in the POE oil were depended on the mass flux and shear rates within the liquid phase of the mixture. Interesting, even when high heat transfer coefficients were observed for the nanolubricants, the effect of the nanoparticles on the two phase flow pressure drop of the mixture was negligible.
Effect of Biliopancreatic Diversion on Hypertension in Severely Obese Patients

Hypertension is a medical disorder frequently associated with severe obesity, and the effect of weight loss on the reduction of blood pressure has been well established. In this study, the relationships between the weight loss surgically obtained by biliopancreatic diversion and blood pressure were investigated in a population of severely obese patients with preoperative hypertension. At 1 year following the operation, blood pressure was normalized in more than half of patients; in a further 10% of cases the hypertensive status resolved within the 3-year follow-up period. The resolution of hypertension was independently associated with age and body weight and was unrelated to sex, the amount of weight loss, or body fat distribution. In severely obese patients with hypertension undergoing bariatric surgery, biliopancreatic diversion is advisable since it achieves and supports the maintenance of body weight close to the ideal value.
Simulation and analysis of the wear of metal on metal articulations in artificial hip joints.

Metal on metal articulations used in hip joint replacement were demonstratedth rough the 1960's and 70's to perform adequately and comparably to metal on plastic articulations but their use then fell into decline as orthopaedic surgeons preferred metal on polyethylene articulations. However, one of the main causes of failure of prosthetic hip joints was then discovered to be aseptic loosening due to particle induced osteolysis, such particles arising from wear of the prosthetic components, and in particular from polyethylene bearing surfaces. Through the late 1980's and the 1990's the concept of metal on metal bearings has re-emerged as one potential solution to the clinical problems associated with polyethylene particle induced osteolysis. In this thesis both theoretical analysis and practical testing using a 12 station MMED hip joint simulator were employed to investigate how metal on metal articulations may be optimized so as to reducet he amount of wear debris generatedth rough their use. Hence, such articulations should function effectively within the environment of a human hip joint when they form part of a total hip replacement design. To this end the effect of diametral clearance, head size, and material composition were both tested and analyzed. Finally a modular clinical design of hip joint replacemenwt as tested to assess its performance. Wear was found to be strongly related to bearing clearance in practical tests as predicted by the theory. A lower limit of clearance existed due to deviations from perfect form which were unavoidable with current manufacturing technology. A band of clearance was defined for 22, 28, and 35mm diameter bearings within which reduced wear was exhibited. Steady state wear rates, following the initial bedding in period, were generally equal regardless of total wear volume. High carbon against high carbon content cobalt chromium articulations did not produce the lowest wear contrary to previous studies in the literature. The mean hardness of, and hardness difference between, bearing surfaces influenced the wear performance of metal on metal articulations. It was possible to design a clinical metal on metal bearing having modular femoral (head and stem) and acetabular (insert and shell) components with optimized metal on metal articulation. This metal on metal device has been introduced into clinical use throughout the world.
Crowdsourcing-based Annotation of Emotions in Filipino and English Tweets

The automatic analysis of emotions conveyed in social media content, e.g., tweets, has many beneficial applications. In the Philippines, one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, such methods could potentially enable first responders to make timely decisions despite the risk of data deluge. However, recognising emotions expressed in Philippine-generated tweets, which are mostly written in Filipino, English or a mix of both, is a non-trivial task. In order to facilitate the development of natural language processing (NLP) methods that will automate such type of analysis, we have built a corpus of tweets whose predominant emotions have been manually annotated by means of crowdsourcing. Defining measures ensuring that only high-quality annotations were retained, we have produced a gold standard corpus of 1,146 emotion-labelled Filipino and English tweets. We validate the value of this manually produced resource by demonstrating that an automatic emotion-prediction method based on the use of a publicly available word-emotion association lexicon was unable to reproduce the labels assigned via crowdsourcing. While we are planning to make a few extensions to the corpus in the near future, its current version has been made publicly available in order to foster the development of emotion analysis methods based on advanced Filipino and English NLP.
Cytological localization of chorionic gonadotropin alpha and placental lactogen mRNAs during development of the human placenta

Probes derived from clones bearing cDNAs corresponding to the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) were used to localize their respective mRNAs cytologically in sections of first trimester and term human placenta. hPL mRNA was exclusively localized to the syncytial layer, hCG alpha mRNA was found in the syncytial layer and also in some differentiating cytotrophoblasts. Hybridization was specific because no signal was observed when labeled pBR322 was hybridized to placental sections or when the placental probes were hybridized to sections of human tonsils. In addition, RNA in placental interstitial cells did not hybridize with hCG alpha and hPL probes. Hybridization with the hCG alpha probe was much greater in first trimester than in term sections, whereas hPL signals were comparable in both first trimester and term placentae. Syncytial formation proceeds through cellular intermediates of cytotrophoblastic origin, and the data suggest that transcription of the hCG alpha gene is initiated before the completion of syncytial formation. In contrast, hPL mRNA synthesis starts later in trophoblast differentiation, likely after the stage of syncytial formation. The data also suggested that hCG alpha mRNA synthesis becomes attenuated but that hPL is transcribed at a rather constant rate during placental development.
A hardware Gaussian noise generator using the Wallace method

We describe a hardware Gaussian noise generator based on the Wallace method used for a hardware simulation system. Our noise generator accurately models a true Gaussian probability density function even at high /spl sigma/ values. We evaluate its properties using: 1) several different statistical tests, including the chi-square test and the Anderson-Darling test and 2) an application for decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Our design is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-II XC2V4000-6 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) at 155 MHz; it takes up 3% of the device and produces 155 million samples per second, which is three times faster than a 2.6-GHz Pentium-IV PC. Another implementation on a Xilinx Spartan-III XC3S200E-5 FPGA at 106 MHz is two times faster than the software version. Further improvement in performance can be obtained by concurrent execution: 20 parallel instances of the noise generator on an XC2V4000-6 FPGA at 115 MHz can run 51 times faster than software on a 2.6-GHz Pentium-IV PC.
Floating-Point Verification

Described is a genus of compounds defined according to the structure: wherein Z represents carbinol having the structure: or carboxaldehyde having the structure: and wherein R represents 3-heptanyl or phenyl produced by (i) reacting a carboxylic acid with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol to form the compound wherein Z represents carbinol; (ii) and then, if, desired, subsequently reacting the resulting alcohol to form an aldehyde; and organoleptic uses of such compounds in the field of perfumery, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g. perfumed polymers, or solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, drier-added fabric softener articles, hair preparations, hair sprays, bath preparations and the like).
Adult Age Differences in Visual Word Identification: Functional Neuroanatomy by Positron Emission Tomography

Adult age differences in the neural systems mediating semantic (context-independent) memory were investigated using positron emission tomography (PET). Younger (20-29 years) and older (62-70 years) participants performed lexical decision (word/nonword discrimination) and nonsemantic (simple visual search) baseline tasks during PET scanning. Within the lexical decision task, display duration and presentation rate were varied across scans. The behavioral data suggested that although an age-related slowing was evident in visual feature and response processing, the retrieval of semantic/lexical information was similar for younger and older adults. For both age groups, lexical-related activation occurred in inferior prefrontal and occipitotemporal regions of the left hemisphere. Differential activation, as a function of age group, was observed in the left occipitotemporal pathway as a result of older adults' maintaining higher levels of neural activity in striate cortex (during visual search) and in inferior temporal cortex (during lexical decision). The prefrontal activation was similar for the two age groups. Thus, although this form of semantic memory retrieval does not undergo significant age-related decline, an age-related change in the associated pattern of neural activation is evident. These findings differ from previous neuroimaging studies of episodic (context-dependent) memory retrieval, which have suggested that age-related compensatory mechanisms are expressed primarily by greater activation of prefrontal regions for older adults than for younger adults.