Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of New Digital Data Processing Techniques for Turbulence Measurements with a Laser Velocimeter

Abstract : Research has developed a laser velocimeter data processing technique that may be used for on-line estimation of turbulence power spectra from randomly timed samples at low data rates. First, an estimate of the turbulence autocovariance is made at each lag by discretizing the time axis into lag units, accumulating the products of pairs of sample magnitudes occurring at each lag, and dividing the accumulated sums by the histogram of lag products. Then, the discrete Fourier transform of the turbulence autocovariance is computed, giving an estimate of the turbulence power spectra.
Teledentistry in inner-city child-care centres

In Rochester, NY, telehealth centres were established in six inner-city elementary schools and seven child-care centres. The teledentistry project complemented the existing telehealth model. Using an intraoral camera, telehealth assistants record digital images of children's teeth (768 × 494 pixels) and send the images to a computer at the expert dental site (the Eastman Department of Dentistry at the University of Rochester). The paediatric dentist at the expert site reviews the images, and provides referral and treatment recommendations. Subsequently, the telehealth assistant contacts the child's parents or guardians and assists them to obtain appropriate dental care for their child. In the pilot study, we screened 50 children. In the first nine months of 2005, we screened 123 children. The results of our initial teledental screenings of children aged 12–48 months attending inner-city child-care centres revealed that almost 40% had active dental caries, mainly early childhood caries (ECC). For the first time, many children attending inner-city child-care centres have had their teeth examined at an early age and been given prompt feedback on the need for dental care.
Ganyu casual labour, famine and HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi: causality and casualty

Over the past ten years, Malawian peasant farming households have endured a number of material and life-threatening setbacks. The absence of subsidised fertiliser loans to farmers continues to trouble villagers a decade after their removal. Yields of both food and cash crops have been declining. Farming households' earnings from agricultural exports and remittances have decreased. The creeping and then intensified incidence of HIV/AIDS infection has led to widespread debility and death, compounded by a serious famine in 2001–03. During the famine and its aftermath, ganyu casual labour gained in importance as a source of income, especially for women and youth from poor rural households. Field evidence suggests that the highly exploitative contractual terms that employers offered widened the gap between the haves and have-nots, and fuelled the risks of contracting HIV/AIDS. Ganyu, representing an established form of labour based on mutual economic benefit between exchange agents stretching back over a century, has become synonymous with degradation and despair for the working poor.
Maximal serum stimulation of the c-fos serum response element requires both the serum response factor and a novel binding factor, SRE-binding protein

We have previously reported on the presence of a CArG motif at -100 in the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat which binds an avian nuclear protein termed enhancer factor III (EFIII) (A. Boulden and L. Sealy, Virology 174:204-216, 1990). By all analyses, EFIII protein appears to be the avian homolog of the serum response factor (SRF). In this study, we identify a second CArG motif (EFIIIB) in the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer at -162 and show only slightly lower binding affinity of the EFIII/SRF protein for this element in comparison with c-fos serum response element (SRE) and EFIII DNAs. Although all three elements bind the SRF with similar affinities, serum induction mediated by the c-fos SRE greatly exceeds that effected by the EFIII or EFIIIB sequence. We postulated that this difference in serum inducibility might result from binding of factors other than the SRF which occurs on the c-fos SRE but not on EFIII and EFIIIB sequences. Upon closer inspection of nuclear proteins which bind the c-fos SRE in chicken embryo fibroblast and NIH 3T3 nuclear extracts, we discovered another binding factor, SRE-binding protein (SRE BP), which fails to recognize EFIII DNA with high affinity. Competition analyses, methylation interference, and site-directed mutagenesis have determined that the SRE BP binding element overlaps and lies immediately 3' to the CArG box of the c-fos SRE. Mutation of the c-fos SRE so that it no longer binds SRE BP reduces serum inducibility to 33% of the wild-type level. Conversely, mutation of the EFIII sequence so that it binds SRE BP with high affinity results in a 400% increase in serum induction, with maximal stimulation equaling that of the c-fos SRE. We conclude that binding of both SRE BP and SRF is required for maximal serum induction. The SRE BP binding site coincides with the recently reported binding site for rNF-IL6 on the c-fos SRE. Nonetheless, we show that SRE BP is distinct from rNF-IL6, and identification of this novel factor is being pursued.
Going round the Back? Complex Networks and Informal Action in Local Planning Processes

In negotiated land-use planning decisions there may be intractable opposition and the use of strength, strategy, and influence outside of formal public participation processes—forms of communicative behaviour neglected by Habermasian theory. I investigate the empirical reality of the importance of networks and lobbying as a form of informal action in influencing planning outcomes through a case study in Western Australia. I map the networks of social relations within which stakeholders act and the links and energy flows between them. I examine stakeholders' utterances and questions of who networks and acts informally; why, when, and how they do so, and with what implications.
Trade Negotiations between the EU and South Africa: A Three-Level Game

This article develops and uses an adapted version of Putnam's two- (extended to three-) level game model to analyse the EU agenda-setting process in the negotiations between the EU and South Africa that led to the Trade, Development and Co-operation Agreement in 1999. The article argues that the model needs to place its domestic focus at the level of the Commission, rather than at the level of the Member States. It demonstrates that the negotiations within the Commission, as well as the location of the Commission negotiating team within DG Development, were central for understanding the EU agenda and the final outcome of the negotiations.
A review of the economic impact of malaria in agricultural development

This paper surveys the linkages between malaria and agriculture, focusing on the economic impacts of the disease. We adopt Negin's (2005) conceptual framework to examine the potential impacts of malaria in the agricultural sector, including both direct and indirect impacts. In addition to health care costs, malaria causes loss of agricultural labor and slows adoption of improved practices in agriculture. Furthermore, some agricultural practices and development interventions are known to facilitate the spread of malaria, exacerbating its impacts. Given the importance of both agriculture and malaria in developing countries, especially in Africa, the interaction between them could be a significant factor in economic growth. The review identifies gaps in past research on this topic. A better understanding of malaria's impact on agricultural productivity, coupled with efforts to strengthen capacity to deal with malaria, would enhance policies and programs aimed at combating malaria and curbing its impacts on agricultural productivity.
Predation drives stable coexistence ratios between red and green pea aphid morphs

We conducted field surveys and experiments to evaluate the hypothesis that predation is an important driving factor determining the degree of coexistence between red and green morphs of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Theory suggests that the different colour morphs are differentially susceptible to natural enemies and selection by predation which in turn leads to variable relative abundances of red and green morphs among host plants across landscapes. Our field surveys on pea and alfalfa revealed, however, that the colour morphs tended to coexist closely in a ratio of one red to three green aphids across fields with different host plant monocultures. Experimentation involving manipulation of the relative abundances of the two colour morphs on host plants pea and alfalfa with and without predator presence revealed that red morphs had higher or same fitness (per capita reproduction) than green morphs on both pea and alfalfa only when in the proportion of one red/three green proportion. Moreover, experimentation evaluating predator efficiency revealed that red morphs are safest from predation when in a 1 : 3 ratio with green morphs. These results suggest that in addition to predation selection effects, red morphs may behaviourally choose to associate with green morphs in a narrow 1 : 3 ratio to maximize their fitness. This evidence, along with existing published data on red and green morph anti‐predator behaviour indicates that a 1 : 3 red and green morph coexistence ratio is driven by a balance between predation pressure and behavioural assorting by red morphs across landscapes. In this way predators may have ecological‐evolutionary consequences for traits that affect the colour morphs' proportion and tolerances to selective pressure.
Time-varying betas of sectoral returns to market returns and exchange rate movements

The time-varying behaviour of the market and exchange risk betas of the US sectoral returns are estimated using a random walk process in connection with the Kalman filter. The empirical findings, in general, show that the market risks tend to shrink over longer time horizons, and that during the dot-com bubble burst and during the subprime financial crisis they tended to rise. During these crises they rose most notably in those industries most related to the crisis. Regarding exchange risk, industry returns appear in this study to be positively related to dollar appreciation, but that relationship declines with longer time horizons, in some cases resulting ultimately in a negative relationship between the US dollar and the industry returns. This latter result is consistent with the idea that the effect of a US dollar appreciation on competitiveness of the US exports becomes stronger with the longer time horizons. During the subprime financial crisis, the relation between excess returns and the exchange rate tended to fall, as was notably the case for the Technology sector during the dot-com bubble burst.
Confabulation and delusional denial: frontal lobe and lateralized influences.

Various forms of confabulation, including denial of illness (e.g., paralysis, blindness), and conditions that often give rise to these disorders, such as cerebral disconnection, disinhibitory states, incomplete information reception, and "gap filling" are discussed. On the basis of clinical observation and a review of a number of studies, it appears that confabulatory states frequently are associated with cerebral damage that involves the right hemisphere, notably, the frontal (often bilaterally) and parietal lobes--areas intimately involved in arousal, attention, information regulation, and integration. With certain forms of injury, initially there appear disturbances in the organization, integration, and assimilation of ideas and associations, such that large gaps appear in the information transmitted to and received by the language axis of the left hemisphere. It is argued that in these instances, the language areas act so as to fill these "gaps" with information that, although inappropriate, is linked in some manner to the fragments received. In contrast, frontal lobe damage sometimes results in gross disinhibition and cortical overresponsiveness and, thus, speech release due to the flooding of the language axis (and other cortical regions) with tangential, fantastical, and grandiose associations. Other forms of confabulation also are reviewed briefly.
SEPARATION OF AMINO ACID‐SPECIFIC “SOLUBLE”‐FRACTION RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS *

If a tissue homogenate or an extract of cells is centrifuged a t top speed in the preparative ultracentrifuge, the supernatant or “soluble” fraction is found to contain a small amount of ribonucleic acid (RNA). This RNA, called soluble-RNA, is heterogeneous and is apparently a mixture of a t least 20 different RNAs, each of which accepts a specific amino acid from the corresponding amino acid-activating enzyme. The reactions involved are shown in the accompanying equations, which are believed to describe the initial steps in the biosynthesis of proteins. ’-6 Enzymel-20 + Amino Acidl-20 + Adenosine Triphosphate ~ Enzymel-2o-Amino Acyll.2rAdenosine Monophosphate + Pyrophosphate Enzymel-Zo-Amino Acyll-20-Adenosine Monophosphate + RNA1-20 Enzymel-zo + Amino Acyll-20-RNA1-20 + Adenosine Monophosphate
Activity-based Software Costing

The study of software economics is not yet mature. For many years, the lines of code (LOG) metrics has tended to conceal major software cost drivers such as the production of requirements, plans, specifications, manuals, and other paper documents. The advent of function point metrics in the late 1970s allowed us to explore the measurement of such noncoding activities, none of which could be properly explored or normalized using LOC metrics. Indeed, we now know that on some projects (such as large defense systems) the cost to produce paper documents is twice as much as the cost to produce the code itself. The ability to measure all activities associated with software production has led to the concept of activity-based studies of software cost. The paper discusses the approach.
Electrical Conduction in Solid Dielectrics

Electrical conduction as well as breakdown in insulating polymers has been extensively investigated for these decades by many authors in Japan. This report deals only with several recent topics because of space limitations. They are (1) per-breakdown currents, (2) interfacial phenomena, (3) effects of polymer structures and impurities and (4) behavior of ions at electrodes. The effects of collision ionization on high-field conduction and the pre-breakdown current due to the thermal breakdown are described in regard to pre-breakdown currents. Interfacial phenomena are concerned with the barrier height for electron (or hole) injection, carrier injection from the corona electrode and the behavior of carriers at polymer interfaces. The effects of chemical and physical structures of polymers and impurities upon electrical conduction have also attracted much attention recently. The electrochemical reaction and the effect of ionic space charge are concerned with behavior of ions at electrodes.
A deep learning approach to adherence detection for type 2 diabetics

Diabetes has become one of the biggest health problems in the world. In this context, adherence to insulin treatment is essential in order to avoid life-threatening complications. In this pilot study, a novel adherence detection algorithm using Deep Learning (DL) approaches was developed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, based on simulated Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) signals. A large and diverse amount of CGM signals were simulated for T2D patients using a T2D adapted version of the Medtronic Virtual Patient (MVP) model for T1D. By using these signals, different classification algorithms were compared using a comprehensive grid search. We contrast a standard logistic regression baseline to Multi- Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The best classification performance with an average accuracy of 77:5% was achieved with CNN. Hence, this indicates the potential of DL, when considering adherence detection systems for T2D patients.
Creating a process for transitioning to object technology

Object-oriented methodologies and processes advise on how a project team can use object technology to create a software-intensive system. While they offer good advice on software development, they are inadequate in terms of how the organization (or the project team) should change its operational culture to one that uses object technology effectively. In other words, while the process of software development is spelled out with these new OO methodologies, what is needed is a process to put this software development process into operation. We describe how such a process can be created and utilized in engendering change management from a traditional to an OO software development culture.
The Eye Pupil Adjusts to Imaginary Light

If a mental image is a rerepresentation of a perception, then properties such as luminance or brightness should also be conjured up in the image. We monitored pupil diameters with an infrared eye tracker while participants first saw and then generated mental images of shapes that varied in luminance or complexity, while looking at an empty gray background. Participants also imagined familiar scenarios (e.g., a “sunny sky” or a “dark room”) while looking at the same neutral screen. In all experiments, participants’ eye pupils dilated or constricted, respectively, in response to dark and bright imagined objects and scenarios. Shape complexity increased mental effort and pupillary sizes independently of shapes’ luminance. Because the participants were unable to voluntarily constrict their eyes’ pupils, the observed pupillary adjustments to imaginary light present a strong case for accounts of mental imagery as a process based on brain states similar to those that arise during perception.
Inner Product Regularized Nonnegative Self Representation for Image Classification and Clustering

Feature selection, which aims to select the most informative feature subset, has been playing a critical role in dimension reduction. In this paper, a novel unsupervised feature selection algorithm called the inner product regularized nonnegative self-representation (IRNSR) is designed for image classification and clustering. In the IRNSR algorithm, first, each feature in high-dimensional data is represented by a linear combination of other features. Then, the inner product regularized loss function is introduced into the objective function with the aim of reducing the correlation and redundancy among the selected features. More importantly, a simple yet efficient iterative update optimization algorithm is accordingly designed to solve the objective function. The convergence behavior of the proposed optimization algorithm is also analyzed. Comparative experiments on six image databases indicate that the proposed IRNSR algorithm is effective and efficient.
Quaternion-Based Indirect Kalman Filter Discarding Pitch and Roll Information Contained in Magnetic Sensors

This paper is concerned with orientation estimation using inertial and magnetic sensors. A new measurement equation is proposed for the quaternion-based indirect Kalman filter. Instead of using magnetic sensor data directly in the measurement equation, the data are modified so that the magnetic sensor data almost do not affect pitch and roll estimation during the measurement update. The proposed algorithms can be used for an application, where pitch and roll estimation is critical and there are large magnetic disturbances. Through an experiment and simulations, the proposed algorithms are compared with the standard method that uses magnetic sensor data for pitch and roll estimation. Using 50 simulation data, it is shown that pitch and roll estimation errors are significantly smaller when there are magnetic disturbances.
[Variation of maternal milk adiponectin and its correlation with infant growth].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the variation of human breast milk adiponectin (APN) concentration during lactation, analyze the relationship of APN concentrations in human breast milk with APN in infant serum, determine the association between maternal milk APN and infant body proportionality in the first year of life, and the period of greatest human milk exposure. METHOD Subjects included 73 mother-infant pairs from Shanghai International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital. Maternal milk was collected at 2, 4, 13, 26 weeks and infant serum was collected at 26 weeks. The concentration of APN in maternal milk and infant serum were measured with commercially available ELISAs (R&D Systems). Weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ), length-for-age Z-scores (LAZ), weight-for-length Z-scores (WLZ) and body mass index Z-scores (zBMI) of infants up to 1 year of age were calculated using World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Then the variation of maternal milk APN was investigated, the correlation between maternal milk APN and infant serum APN was analyzed; multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze covariates correlated with infant body proportionality, meanwhile determined the association between maternal milk APN and infant anthropometrics. RESULT The concentration of APN in maternal milk at 2, 4, 13, 26 weeks was respectively (14.62 µg/L, 5.93 - 140.40 µg/L), (7.32 µg/L, 2.04 - 29.35 µg/L), (6.84 µg/L, 2.72 - 15.65 µg/L) and (4.88 µg/L, 1.12 - 13.38 µg/L). Higher milk APN in postpartum 2 weeks was associated with lower infant WAZ at 13, 26 and 52 weeks (P < 0.05). Milk APN in postpartum 4 weeks was inversely related to infant WAZ, WLZ, zBMI at 13, 26 and 52 weeks (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, milk APN in postpartum 13 weeks had significantly negative correlation with infant WAZ, WLZ, zBMI at 13, 26 and 52 weeks (P < 0.01). Milk APN in postpartum 26 weeks also was inversely associated with infant WAZ, WLZ and zBMI at 52 weeks (P < 0.05). After adjusting covariates like birth weight using multivariate regression analysis, milk APN level is the most important influence factor to infant WAZ, WLZ, zBMI at 13, 26 and 52 weeks. There was a positive correlation between maternal milk APN and infant serum APN at 13, 26 weeks. CONCLUSION Milk APN concentration declines throughout lactation. Maternal milk APN may play a vital role in the growth and development of breastfed infants, particularly closely associated with infant weight. Infant serum APN clearly correlated with maternal milk APN.
Employee engagement in a change environment

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the dynamics of organizational change and present the case for a new, more effective and lasting way of approaching it, based on the practical application of behavioral psychology to engage employees in the change.Design/methodology/approach – Using construction business Costain's Project Management Academy as a case study, the paper illustrates Crelos' five‐stage model of behavioral change. This is based on its “Precision Business Psychology” approach, which combines the latest knowledge from psychological sciences with years of experience in enabling the delivery of lasting change in both the private and the public sectors.Findings – The paper highlights the importance of investing time in the earlier stages of the change management process in order to prepare individuals and so embed behavioral change more quickly and effectively. It also identifies the value of a precise approach, both in order to deliver effective interventions at the appropriate time.