Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Research: Development of Learning Trajectories in Realistic Mathematics Education on Relation and Function Materials

The purpose of this study is to produce a learning trajectory on the material of relations and functions in class VIII. This type of research is Design Research proposed by Gravemeijer & Cobb, carried out through 3 stages, namely the research preparation stage, research in the classroom, and retrospective analysis. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Mori Utara with the research subjects totaling 12 students and consisting of three meetings, namely 1) the first meeting: Relation Concept, Relationship Presentation and Domain Concept, Codomain and Range, 2) second meeting: Function Concept, Function Characteristics and Correspondence One-on-one and 3) third meeting: Notation and Function Value. The research instruments used are in the form of learning trajectory hypotheses and data collected through observations, sound recordings, and Student Activity Sheets. The results showed that the learning trajectory in the Relation and Function material with a RME approach designed to improve mathematical problem-solving ability can be applied in the learning process. The resulting learning path is in the form of a flow of activities and activities carried out by students in class in order to achieve the learning goals that have been previously set. Meanwhile, this study was conducted only to see the application of the hypothesis of the learning trajectory of the Relation and Function material in the RME approach.
Feasibility of Total Body Score (TBS) and Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) in the Estimation of Postmortem Interval for Forensic Murder Casework

Feasibility of Total Body Score (TBS) and Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) in the Estimation of Postmortem Interval for Forensic Murder Casework Young Sam Kim, Jong Hee Kim, Kwang Sang Yoon, Bong Soo Kweon, Young Sik Kim, Gwang Yeon Lee, Hae-Won Cho, Hye-Rim Kim and Yong-Bin Eom Forensic Investigation Section, Detective Division, Gyeonggi Bukbu Provincial Police Agency, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi 11763, Korea Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam 31538, Korea
Machine Learning Methods for Solar Irradiation Forecasting: A Comparison in a Mediterranean Site

In this survey, several statistical and machine learning tools are analyzed and compared in view to forecast the solar irradiation in Ajaccio (Corsica, France, 41°55 N, 8°44 E, 4m asl). The forecasting horizon is from 1 to 6 hours with an hourly time granularity. Eleven forecasting models are compared: persistence, scaled persistence, ARMA, MLP, regression trees, boosted regression trees, bagged regression trees, pruned regression trees, random forest, Gaussian processes and support vector regression. The models are compared in term of error metrics: nRMSE (normalized root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error) and skill score related to the smart persistence.
Detecting changes in linear regression models with skew normal errors

Abstract In this article, we discuss a linear regression change-point model with skew normal errors. We propose a testing procedure, based on a modified version of the Schwarz information criterion, which is named the modified information criterion (MIC) to locate change points in such a linear regression model. Due to the difficulty of derivation of the asymptotic null distribution of the associated test statistic analytically, the empirical critical values at different significance levels are approximated through simulations. Simulations have also been conducted under different changes among parameters of interest with various sample sizes to investigate the performance of the proposed test. Such a procedure has been applied on a NASA data to illustrate the detecting process.
Inflectional lexicon hrLex 1.2

hrLex is an large inflectional lexicon of Croatian language where each entry consists of a (wordform, lemma, MSD) triple. The MSD tagset follows the revised MULTEXT-East V4 tagset for Croatian and Serbian, available at https://github.com/ffnlp/sethr/blob/master/mte4r-upos.mapping.
CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN A VERTICAL RECTANGULAR DUCT FILLED WITH POROUS MATRIX WITH TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT VISCOSITY

The effect of variable viscosity on the free convective heat transfer in a vertical rectangular duct filled with porous matrix has been studied numerically. The flow is modeled using the Brinkman–Forchheimer-extended Darcy equations. One of the vertical walls of the duct is cooled to a constant temperature, while the other wall is heated to constant but different temperature. The two dimensional steady, laminar flow and heat transfer governing equations are solved using finite difference method of second order accuracy. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary exponentially with temperature. The influence of governing parameters such as the viscosity parameter, Darcy number, inertia parameter, Grashof number, Brinkman number and aspect ratio of flow characteristics is studied. Results for the skin friction and heat transfer rate for governing parameters are also tabulated. The results indicate that the negative values of viscosity variation parameter show intense velocity contour in the lower half region of the duct whereas positive values of viscosity variation parameter show the intense velocity contours in the upper half region of the duct. The velocity and temperature increase with the increase in the Darcy number, Grashof number, Brinkman number in the upward and downward directions whereas it decreases with inertial parameter. The increase in aspect ratio results in the flatting of the contour for all values of viscosity variation parameter.
Mathematical Morphology on Irregularly Sampled Data in One Dimension

Abstract Mathematical morphology (MM) on grayscale images is commonly performed in the discrete domain on regularly sampled data. However, if the intention is to characterize or quantify continuous-domain objects, then the discrete-domain morphology is affected by discretization errors that may be alleviated by considering the underlying continuous signal. Given a band-limited image, for example, a real image projected through a lens system, which has been correctly sampled, the continuous signal may be reconstructed. Using information from the continuous signal when applying morphology to the discrete samples can then aid in approximating the continuous morphology. Additionally, there are a number of applications where MM would be useful and the data is irregularly sampled. A common way to deal with this is to resample the data onto a regular grid. Often this creates problems where data is interpolated in areas with too few samples. In this paper, an alternative way of thinking about the morphological operators is presented. This leads to a new type of discrete operators that work on irregularly sampled data. These operators are shown to be morphological operators that are consistent with the regular, morphological operators under the same conditions, and yield accurate results under certain conditions where traditional morphology performs poorly.
A division-of-wave-front photopolarimeter for the measurement of the polarization state of light

A novel division-of-wave-front photopolarimeter for simultaneously measuring the polarization state of light is described. An incident light beam is divided by a composite beam splitter into four branches which are then detected by four independent detecting units respectively. The measured signal values from the four detecting units are used to form a signal vector. The instrument matrix of the system is obtained by calibration experiment. The Stokes vector describing the polarization state of an incident light is obtained by the matrix calculation by using the signal vector and the instrument matrix. The calculated result for an incident light is in good agreement with the measurement.
The k-independence number of graph products

The concept of k-independent number is a natural generalization of classical independence number. A k-independent set is a set of vertices whose induced subgraph has maximum degree at most k. The k-independence number of G, denoted by αk(G), is defined as the maximum cardinality of a k-independent set of G. In this paper, we study the k-independence number on the lexicographical, strong, Cartesian and direct product and present several upper and lower bounds for these products of graphs.
Elastic α-12C Scattering with the Ground State of 16O at Low Energies in Effective Field Theory

Inclusion of the ground state of 16O is investigated for a study of elastic α-12C scattering for the l = 0 channel at low energies in effective field theory. We employ a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for the parameter fitting and find that the uncertainties of the fitted parameters are significantly improved compared to those of our previous study. We then calculate the asymptotic normalization constants of the 0+ states of 16O and compare them with the experimental data and the previous theoretical estimates. We discuss implications of the results of the present work.
Turn rate estimation using range rate measurements for fast manoeuvring tracking

In critical tracking problems, it is important to follow fast manoeuvring targets and use each measurement at disposal to best estimate a fast curvilinear trajectory. The turn rate is important to that end, but it is not generally available for measurements in radar systems. This study develops a method that uses the information of the range rate, typically a fairly accurate measurement, together with the coordinate point measurement, in order to improve the turn rate estimation. It introduces an estimation method that applies a compatibility check between the range rate measurement and the estimated velocity projection on the range direction. Disagreement between these quantities indicates a turn rate change, leading to one step corrections. The particle filter combined with best linear unbiased estimator filters is used to improve state estimations and likelihood functions and the corrections are introduced independently to each particle. For comparisons, a method from the literature and the proposed method are implemented, tested and compared. Performance error analysis indicates the effectiveness of the present method for fast manoeuvrers.
Non-linear contour tracking using feedback PID and feedforward position domain cross-coupled iterative learning control

In this paper, a position domain cross-coupled iterative learning controller combining proportional–integral–derivative (PID)-type iterative learning control (ILC) and proportional–derivative (PD)-type cross-coupling control (CCC) is presented aiming at non-linear contour tracking in multi-axis motion systems. Traditional individual control methods in the time domain suffer from poor synchronization of relevant motion axes. The complicated computation of coupling gains in CCC and cross-coupled ILC (CCILC) restricts their applications for non-linear contour. The proposed position domain CCILC (PDCCILC) approach introduces a position domain design concept into CCILC to improve synchronization and performance for non-linear contour tracking and it relies less on the accuracy of coupling gains than conventional CCILC. The stability and performance analysis are conducted using a lifted system representation. The contour error vector method is applied to estimate the coupling gains in simulations and experiments. Simulation and experimental results of three typical non-linear contour tracking cases (i.e. semi-circle, parabola and spiral) based on a two-axis micro-motion stage demonstrate superiority and efficacy of the proposed feedback PID and feedforward PDCCILC compared with existing ILC and CCILC in the time domain.
Uniformity of the Large Beam of ELISE during Cs Conditioning

The ELISE test facility is based on a modular concept design which has been replicated in the ITER Negative Beam Ion (NBI) source with twice the size in the vertical direction. The target of ELISE is to achieve simultaneously the ITER NBI parameters in terms of negative ion extracted current (in H and D), pulse duration and ratio of co-extracted electron to ion below 1 at a source filling pressure of 0.3 Pa. While the source plasma can be operated for 1 h, only 9.5 s of beam extraction every ≈ 150 s can be applied, with a maximum total voltage of 60 kV due to limitations of the HV power supply; only divergences larger than 1 deg have been measured so far. The beam in ELISE is investigated by various diagnostics: the currents in the grid system are electrically measured and provide the total extracted negative ion current as well as information on the beam losses separately measured in the top and bottom grid segments of the extraction and grounded grids; the Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) gives information on the beam intensity and divergence (vertical and horizontal profiles); Infra-red (IR) analysis of the diagnostic calorimeter provides a 2D map of the beam power density and, consequently, the accelerated current density distribution as well as the total accelerated current. The spatial resolution of the beam diagnostics at ELISE (BES; diagnostic calorimeter) allows to resolve and describe in intensity and divergence the two beam segments associated to the two top and bottom grid segments. Following the evolution of the beam segments during the Cs conditioning process (i.e. Cs evaporation in the source to move from volume production of negative ions to surface production) allows to optimize the Cs conditioning by using the beam as an indirect measurement of the negative ion production. At high source performance and stable conditioning, the vertical beam uniformity in terms of accelerated current can be easily achieved: the difference between top and bottom beam segments is almost always well within the 10%.
Assisting Healthcare Using a Time-Series-Based Nonstationary Model for Smart Beds

Under any medical circumstance, the first and foremost requirement is to monitor physiological factors such as heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen level. Any breakdown in their coupling has been linked to ageing or illness. These physiological signals are nonstationary, and this paper analyses the transfer functions of nonstationary multidimensional time series of physiological signals. In this work, a method that integrates physiological modelling and functional elements into the smart bed for patients is proposed. This work includes experimentation on 10 smart bed patients. The proposed idea is validated and analysed to automatically capture any changes in the physiological signals due to postural changes, any impact of ageing or any requirement of a medical emergency. Next, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can be used to identify transient changes linked to medical emergencies for the given time-series data. These findings show the value of the proposed method in predicting the complicated vital-sign processes where conventional manual autoregulatory systems may fail in both healthy and pathological situations. The relation between the time series of physiological signals is an essential study field. A reliable time-varying model is presented to account for the possible nonstationarity of physiological data to determine the possibility of emergency care for patients. The suggested approach can identify variations and relations between signals because it is built as a dynamic model based on time-varying parameters. The technique used in this research includes readings of heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen level connected to the patient’s smart bed. The paper includes transient analysis and parametric evaluation as part of this work.
High Temperature Stability of an Al-Zr-Ti Alloy Prepared using Gas Atomization and Spark Plasma Sintering Technology

High Temperature Stability of an Al–Zr–Ti Alloy Prepared using Gas Atomization and Spark Plasma Sintering Technology O. Molnárováa,∗, P. Málek, J. Veselý, F. Lukáč, T. Chráska and J. Cinert Department of Physics of Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Low-Temperature Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
3D ray tracing model for laser beams influenced by thermal lensing in solid-state gain media

A ray tracing model for thermal effects solid-state single-pass amplifiers is presented, which is able to simulate thermal lensing, depolarization and beam quality degradation. The ray tracing algorithm is based on alternatively evaluating the axial and radial gradient and thereby finding the trajectory in thermally influenced media. This enables to find the focal length distribution of the system. Additionally, to the position of the rays, its phase is also determined, which enables to reconstruct the wavefront of the beam after passing through the crystal. This wavefront is used for a Zernike polynomial analysis to determine spherical aberration, which is linked to the beam quality of the passing beam. Furthermode the total depolarization is obtained by finding the change of polarization for each ray separately. The simulation for thermal lensing is compared with a single-pass Nd:YVO4 system, the beam degradation is compared with a Nd:YVO4-MOAP system. Both show good agreement with the simulation data, as long as the gain of the system is homogeneous.
Phonon transmission at Si/Ge and polytypic Ge interfaces using full-band mismatch based models

This paper presents theoretical investigations on the interfacial thermal conductance (Kapitza conductance) in both monotype Si/Ge (cubic 3C) and polytype (cubic 3C/hexagonal 2H) Ge interfaces by using full band extensions of diffusive and acoustic mismatch models. In that aims, phonon dispersions in the full 3D Brillouin zone have been computed via an atomistic adiabatic bond charge model. The effects of crystal orientation are investigated, and the main phonon modes involved in heat transfer are highlighted. According to our calculations, polytype interfaces without any mass mismatch but with a crystallographic phase mismatch exhibit a thermal conductance very close to that of Si/Ge interfaces with a mass mismatch but without any phase mismatch. Besides, the orientations of Ge polytype interface that have been observed experimentally in nanowires, i.e., along [ 115 ] / [ 50 5 ¯ 1 ], exhibit the lowest interfacial conductance and thus may offer new opportunities for nanoscale thermoelectric applications.
A Note on Transition Models for Binary 2 x 2 Cross-Over Data

In addition, Abstract This paper presents a transition model within the framework of a generalized linear model for binary cross-over data. As a simple example, an analysis of binary 2 2 × cross-over data on cerebrovascular deficiency is used to illustrate the model. Several simulation studies are carried out to assess the asymptotic properties of the estimators of the parameters included in the model, with finite sample size, and to compare common methods with respect to the hypothesis test corresponding to the treatment effect. As a main result, we show that the estimators’ asymptotic properties work with a moderate sample size, and the transition model takes the highest value with respect to the empirical power among the
Image target segmentation method based on fuzzy entropy and salient region extraction

In order to achieve fast and accurate target segmentation of ship images, a segmentation method based on fuzzy entropy and salient region extraction is proposed. Firstly, the multi-level fuzzy entropy and differential evolution is applied to obtain image segmentation result quickly. Then, for obtaining the seed points, a saliency detection method based on dual pyramids and feature fusion is used, and the target core region is generated by morphological open operation using reconstruction and region maximum. Finally, the image segmentation results are binarized in each layer and combined, and the region block is selected with the largest overlap on the target core region for the target segmentation results. The experimental results show that the new method can realize the fast and accurate segmentation of ship target images under various complex scenes.
Novel instrument concepts for characterizing directly imaged exoplanets

Current high-contrast exoplanet imagers are optimized to find new exoplanets; they minimize diffracted starlight in a large area around a star. I present four novel instrumental approaches that are optimized to characterize these discoveries by minimizing starlight in a small area around the known location of an exoplanet: 1) coronagraphs that remove virtually all starlight over an octave in wavelength while transmitting more than 90% of the exoplanet signal; 2) holographic wavefront sensors that measure aberrations in the science focal plane; 3) ultra-fast adaptive optics systems that minimize these aberrations; and 4) direct minimization of the remaining starlight. By integrating these technologies with a high spectral- resolution, integral-field spectrograph that can resolve the Doppler shift and the polarization difference between the starlight and the reflected light from the exoplanet, it will be possible to determine the atmospheric composition, temperature and velocity structures of exoplanets and their spin rotation rate and orbital velocity. This will ultimately allow the upcoming extremely large telescopes to characterize rocky exoplanets in the habitable zone to look for signatures of life.
A non-negative framework for joint modeling of spectral structure and temporal dynamics in sound mixtures

Statistical modeling of audio is an ongoing pursuit. There is a great deal of structure in audio and good models need to make use of this structure. Audio is non-stationary but the statistics of the spectral structure are quite consistent over segments of time. Moreover, there is a structure to the non-stationarity itself in the form of temporal dynamics. Sound mixtures are commonly encountered in practice. Polyphonic music, multiple concurrent speakers, and most environmental sounds are mixtures. Moreover, most real world sound sources are actually a mixture of the source and noise. When dealing with mixtures, the structure of the individual sources becomes particularly important if we wish deal with the sources separately. In recent years, non-negative spectrogram factorization methods have become quite popular for modeling audio as they provide a rich representation of audio spectra and are amenable to high quality reconstructions. However, they disregard nonstationarity as they use a single dictionary to characterize the statistics of the spectral structure of an entire source. On the other hand, hidden Markov models (HMMs) cater well to non-stationarity and have been used successfully to model temporal dynamics. They can be powerful for audio analysis, as shown by their application to speech recognition. They can also be used for the reconstruction of sources but have certain limitations due to a rigid observation model. This can be an issue for high quality reconstructions. We propose a new model of single sound sources, the non-negative hidden Markov model (N-HMM), that jointly models the spectral structure and temporal dynamics of a given source. In the proposed model, rather than learning a single dictionary, we learn several small dictionaries that characterize the spectral structure of the