Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OntoNeuroBase: a multi-layered application ontology in neuroimaging

OntoNeuroBase is an application ontology that is being developed within the NeuroBase project, which seeks to create a federated system for the manage- ment of distributed and heterogeneous information sources in neuroimaging. Hav- ing adopted a specific, multi-layered, modular approach to o ntology design, we used DOLCE as a foundational ontology together with three core ontologies: I&DA for modelling documents (texts and images), COPS for modelling programs and software and OntoKADS for modelling problem solving activities. Here, we report on how we built OntoNeuroBase by refining the concepts present in the e xisting modules. Neu- roimaging is a very active and rapidly changing field. It is es sential to ensure that a newly developed ontology is compatible with other available ontologies and to enable extension of the new ontology to a variety of neuroscience applications. The work reported here is in line with these ambitious objectives.
BGP routing dynamics revisited

Understanding BGP routing dynamics is critical to the solid growth and maintenance of the Internet routing infrastructure. However, while the most extensive study on BGP dynamics is nearly a decade old, many factors that could affect BGP dynamics have changed considerably. We revisit this important topic in this paper, focusing on not only comparing with the previous results, but also issues not well explored before. We have found that, compared to almost a decade ago, although certain characteristics remain unchanged (such as some temporal properties), BGP dynamics are now â busier,â and more importantly, now have much less pathological behavior and are â healthierâ ; for example, forwarding dynamics are now not only dominant, but also more consistent across different days. Contributions to BGP dynamics by different BGP peersâ which are not proportional to the size of a peerâ s ASâ are also more stable, and dynamics due to policy changes or duplicate announcements are usually from specific peers
Internet service performance failure detection

The increasing complexity of computer networks and our increasing dependence on them means enforcing reliability requirements is both more challenging and more critical. The expansion of network services to include both traditional interconnect services and user-oriented services such as the web and email has guaranteed both the increased complexity of networks and the increased importance of their performance. The first step toward increasing reliability is early detection of network performance failures. Here we consider the applicability of statistical model frameworks under the most general assumptions possible. Using measurements from corporate proxy servers, we test the framework against real world failures. The results of these experiments show we can detect failures, but with some tradeoff questions. The pull is in the warning time: either we miss early warning signs or we report some false warnings. Finally, we offer insight into the problem of failure diagnosis.
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information

Semantics is the essence of human communication. It concerns the manufacture and use of symbols as representations to exchange meanings. Information technology is faced with the problem of using intelligent machines as intermediaries for interpersonal communication. The problem of designing such semantic machines has been intractable because brains and machines work on very different principles. Machines process information that is fed to them. Brains construct hypotheses and test them by acting and sensing. Brains do not process information because the intake through the senses is infinite. Brains sample information, hold it briefly, construct meaning, and then discard the information. A solution to the problem of communication with machines is to simulate how brains create meaning and express it as information by making a symbol to represent the meaning to another brain in pairwise communication. An understanding of the neurodynamics by which brains create meaning and represent it may enable engineers to build devices with which they can communicate pairwise, as they do now with colleagues.
A prototype matching model of satisfaction in same‐sex friendships

The hypothesis that people experience greater friendship satisfaction when their friendship matches the prototype of intimacy interactions was tested. Consistent with this hypothesis, both women and men reported the greatest satisfaction when their “real-world” friendship matched the prototype of intimacy interactions. This relation was even stronger when the friendship matched prototypical intimacy interaction patterns (e.g., self-disclosure) than when it matched nonprototypical patterns (e.g., practical support). Thus, there is evidence that people rely on relational knowledge—in this case, complex knowledge of patterns of relating—when evaluating the quality of their friendships.
Function Computation over Linear Channels

We consider multiple non-colocated sources communicating over a network to a common sink. We assume that the network operation is fixed, and its end result is to convey a fixed linear deterministic transformation of the source data to the sink. This linear transformation is known both at the sources and at the sink. We are interested in the problem of function computation over such networks. We design communication protocols that can perform computation without modifying the network operation, by appropriately selecting the codebook that the sources employ to map their measurements to the data they send over the network.
Cultural Variation in Causal Attribution as an Adaptive Strategy: the Role of Relational Mobility

Previous research has shown cultural differences between Japan and the United States stem from differences in holistic vs. analytic cognition. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the socio-ecological factor relational mobility on social cognition in the form of causal attribution. Study 1 confirms previous research on differences across Western and East Asian causal attribution styles by finding higher perceptions of relational mobility and greater tendency toward dispositional attribution in the American participants, and lower relational mobility perception and more consistent situational attribution in Japanese participants. In Study 2, we prime American participants with high vs. low relational mobility and test for changes in causal attribution. Consistent with the predictions, high relational mobility was related to increased dispositional attribution and low relational mobility was related to increased situational attribution. Collectively, these studies show relational mobility is a socio-ecological factor of culture that correlates with causal attribution and can be manipulated to change perceptions of a social situation. Keywords​: Relational Mobility, Causal Attribution CULTURAL VARIATION IN CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION 3
Philosophical Perspectives , 21 , Philosophy of Mind , 2007 INTENTIONAL INEXISTENCE AND PHENOMENAL INTENTIONALITY

How come we can represent Bigfoot even though Bigfoot does not exist, given that representing something involves bearing a relation to it and we cannot bear relations to what does not exist? This is the problem of intentional inexistence. This paper develops a two-step solution to this problem, involving (first) an adverbial account of conscious representation, or phenomenal intentionality, and (second) the thesis that all representation derives from conscious representation (all intentionality derives from phenomenal intentionality). The solution is correspondingly two-part: we can consciously represent Bigfoot because consciously representing Bigfoot does not involve bearing a relation to Bigfoot, but rather instantiating a certain non-relational (“adverbial”) property of representing Bigfoot-wise; and we can non-consciously represent Bigfoot because non-consciously representing Bigfoot does not involve bearing a relation to Bigfoot, but rather bearing a relation to conscious representations of Bigfoot.
Análise do discurso no institucionalismo organizacional: possibilidades a partir do discurso midiático

The essay aims to discuss implications and methodological possibilities of analyzing media discourse participating in the social (re)construction of active institutional patterns. Drawing on Phillips, Lawrence and Hardy's (2004) framework, discourse and organizational institutionalism are articulated, inserting media as a participant in constructing social reality as an actor that is both influenced by and influential inside in an institutional context, appearing as a symbolic system, and as an interactional loci. Implications and possibilities regarding how to proceed methodologically in terms of performing empirical investigations approaching and studying media discourse in organizations – and in organizational fields – are outlined.
Scaling Regimes as obtained from the DR5 Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Standard cosmology is based on the assumption that the universe is spatially homogeneous. However the consensus on a homogeneous matter structure, even on very large scales, has never been complete. The advantage of correlation dimension calculations is that they enable one to obtain the transition scale to a homogeneous distribution, whereas other methods, such as those using the two-point correlation function, make it hard to exhibit the possible fractal properties of the Universe matter content. Our purpose is to calculate the correlation dimension $D_2$, looking for a possible transition to homogeneity, which would imply $D_2 = 3$. We apply the correlation integral method to the three dimensional sample composed of 332,876 galaxies which we extract from the Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We analyze the raw data up to the scale $d_{max} = 160$ Mpc, assuming $H_0 = 70$ km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and considering three cosmological models in order to test the model dependence of our method. Using volume limited samples for this range leaves us with about 20,000 galaxies. Applying our method to random maps helps us to calibrate our results. We obtain a correlation dimension of the galaxy distribution which seems to increase with scales up to $D_2=3$ reached around 70 Mpc. The results of our analysis, performed on the largest volume limited sample which can be extracted from the SDSS catalog, are compatible with those formerly obtained by other authors. However, to get a more reliable description of the structures at various scales, we think it will be mandatory to use still larger catalogs than those which are currently available.
Predicting risk of suicide using resting state heart rate

This study investigates the potential of using heart rate-related measurements to aid clinicians in predicting suicide risk. For this purpose, heart rate was recorded during 10 minutes resting state from 15 patients with suicide ideation and 15 healthy subjects using an affordable and wearable sensor. Our results showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in two time-domain features measuring overall heart rate variability and short term heart rate variations. KNN and SVM classifiers were implemented on the features obtained. Our results showed that using heart rate-related features the risk of suicide could be predicted by an average accuracy of 80%.
Measuring a Mastery Goal Structure Using the TARGET Framework: Development and Validation of a Classroom Goal Structure Questionnaire

In prior research, goal structures have been measured as macroscopic and holistic constructs referring to all activities in the classroom setting associated with learning and performing on a meta-level. A more comprehensive approach for identifying concrete classroom structures that should foster students’ mastery goals is provided by the multidimensional TARGET framework with its six instructional dimensions (Task, Autonomy, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation, Time). However, measurement instruments assessing students’ perceptions of all TARGET dimensions are largely lacking. The main aim of this study was to develop and validate a new student questionnaire for comprehensive assessment of the perceived TARGET classroom structure (the Goal Structure Questionnaire – GSQ). Scales were constructed using a rational-empirical strategy based on classical conceptions of the TARGET dimensions and prior empirical research. The instrument was tested in a study using a sample of 1,080 secondary school students. Findings indicate that the scales are reliable, internally valid, and externally valid in terms of relationships with students’ achievement goals. More concretely, analyses revealed that the TARGET mastery goal structure positively predicts mastery goals, performance approach goals, and an incremental implicit theory of intelligence. No associations were found with performance avoidance goals.
On the Compilation of Possibilistic Default Theories

Handling exceptions represents one of the most important problems in Artificial Intelligence. Several approaches have been proposed for reasoning on default theories. This paper focuses on a possibilistic approach, and more precisely on the MSP-entailment from default theories which is equivalent to system P augmented by rational monotony. In order to make this entailment tractable from a computational point of view, we propose here a compilation of default theories with respect to a target compilation language. This allows us to provide polynomial algorithms to derive efficiently the MSPconclusions of a compiled default theory. Moreover, the proposed compilation is qualified to be flexible since it efficiently takes advantage of any classical compiler and generally provides a low recompilation cost when updating a compiled default theory.
Handling User Interruptions in an Embodied Conversational Agent

We present a mechanism for handling “barge-in” interruptions from a user who is engaged in a ’social’ conversation with an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA). The ECA is designed to recognise and be empathetic to the emotional state of the user. Occasionally, the ECA will attempt to positively influence the user’s emotional state through the conversation. A characteristic of these conversations is that both the user and the ECA will at times speak long, multi sentence utterances as the conversation progresses. The gener tion of long utterances from the ECA creates opportunities for the user to barge-in whilst the ECA is speaking. Furthermore, the long ECA utterances may even provoke a user interruption since they often include advice to the user about how they should deal with difficult or stressful situations that have arisen. This paper outlines an approach to handling user barge-in interruptions in conversations with an ECA and describes its implementation in the Companions English demonstrator.
Four-year long-path monitoring of ambient aerosol extinction at a central European urban site: dependence on relative humidity

Abstract. The ambient aerosol particle extinction coefficient is measured with the Spectral Aerosol Extinction Monitoring System (SAEMS) along a 2.84 km horizontal path at 30–50 m height above ground in the urban environment of Leipzig (51.3° N, 12.4° E), Germany, since 2009. The dependence of the particle extinction coefficient (wavelength range from 300 to 1000 nm) on relative humidity up to almost 100 % was investigated. The main results are presented. For the wavelength of 550 nm, the mean extinction enhancement factor was found to be 1.75 ± 0.4 for an increase of relative humidity from 40 to 80 %. The respective 4-year mean extinction enhancement factor is 2.8 ± 0.6 for a relative-humidity increase from 40 to 95 %. A parameterization of the dependency of the urban particle extinction coefficient on relative humidity is presented. A mean hygroscopic exponent of 0.46 for the 2009–2012 period was determined. Based on a backward trajectory cluster analysis, the dependence of several aerosol optical properties for eight air flow regimes was investigated. Large differences were not found, indicating that local pollution sources widely control the aerosol conditions over the urban site. The comparison of the SAEMS extinction coefficient statistics with respective statistics from ambient AERONET sun photometer observations yields good agreement. Also, time series of the particle extinction coefficient computed from in situ-measured dry particle size distributions and humidity-corrected SAEMS extinction values (for 40 % relative humidity) were found in good overall consistency, which verifies the applicability of the developed humidity parameterization scheme. The analysis of the spectral dependence of particle extinction (Angstrom exponent) revealed an increase of the 390–881 nm Angstrom exponent from, on average, 0.3 (at 30 % relative humidity) to 1.3 (at 95 % relative humidity) for the 4-year period.
Fungal Polyketide Synthase Product Chain-Length Control by Partnering Thiohydrolase

Fungal highly reducing polyketide synthases (HRPKSs) are an enigmatic group of multidomain enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of structurally diverse compounds. This variety stems from their intrinsic programming rules, which permutate the use of tailoring domains and determine the overall number of iterative cycles. From genome sequencing and mining of the producing strain Eupenicillium brefeldianum ATCC 58665, we identified an HRPKS involved in the biosynthesis of an important protein transport-inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA), followed by reconstitution of its activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vitro. Bref-PKS demonstrated an NADPH-dependent reductive tailoring specificity that led to the synthesis of four different octaketide products with varying degrees of reduction. Furthermore, contrary to what is expected from the structure of BFA, Bref-PKS is found to be a nonaketide synthase in the absence of an associated thiohydrolase Bref-TH. Such chain-length control by the partner thiohydrolase was found to be present in other HRPKS systems and highlights the importance of including tailoring enzyme activities in predicting fungal HRPKS functions and their products.
Some puzzling findings in multiple object tracking: I. Tracking without keeping track of object identities

The task of tracking a small number (about four or five) visual targets within a larger set of identical items, each of which moves randomly and independently, has been used extensively to study object‐based attention. Analysis of this multiple object tracking (MOT) task shows that it logically entails solving the correspondence problem for each target over time, and thus that the individuality of each of the targets must be tracked. This suggests that when successfully tracking objects, observers must also keep track of them as unique individuals. Yet in the present studies we show that observers are poor at recalling the identity of successfully tracked objects (as specified by a unique identifier associated with each target, such as a number or starting location). Studies also show that the identity of targets tends to be lost when they come close together and that this tendency is greater between pairs of targets than between targets and nontargets. The significance of this finding in relation to the multiple object tracking paradigm is discussed.
Analyzing MPI-3.0 Process-Level Shared Memory: A Case Study with Stencil Computations

The recently released MPI-3.0 standard introduced a process-level shared-memory interface which enables processes within the same node to have direct load/store access to each others' memory. Such an interface allows applications to declare data structures that are shared by multiple MPI processes on the node. In this paper, we study the capabilities and performance implications of using MPI-3.0 shared memory, in the context of a five-point stencil computation. Our analysis reveals that the use of MPI-3.0 shared memory has several unforeseen performance implications including disrupting certain compiler optimizations and incorrectly using suboptimal page sizes inside the OS. Based on this analysis, we propose several methodologies for working around these issues and improving communication performance by 40-85% compared to the current MPI-1.0 based approach.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia: a consensus statement on diagnostic and treatment approaches in children

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is associated with abnormal ciliary structure and function, which results in retention of mucus and bacteria in the respiratory tract, leading to chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease, situs abnormalities and abnormal sperm motility. The diagnosis of PCD requires the presence of the characteristic clinical phenotype and either specific ultrastructural ciliary defects identified by transmission electron microscopy or evidence of abnormal ciliary function. Although the management of children affected with PCD remains uncertain and evidence is limited, it remains important to follow-up these patients with an adequate and shared care system in order to prevent future lung damage. This European Respiratory Society consensus statement on the management of children with PCD formulates recommendations regarding diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to permit a more accurate approach in these patients. Large well-designed randomised controlled trials, with clear description of patients, are required in order to improve these recommendations on diagnostic and treatment approaches in this disease.
ENGINEERING FOR INTRANETS : RETHINKING SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

The principles of software engineering are to some extent well established and different methods have been put into context in everyday work. Web engineering, a rather new field of research, is however not yet explored in a very systematic way. Most Web applications are designed in an ad-hoc manner. They are not well documented and very difficult to maintain. In this paper, we present how methods and models of software engineering can be used for Web engineering without too much adaptation. We show that the real challenge in Web engineering is to adapt project plans and management to constant change of the underlying technology. Web engineering should be understood as a framework to provide a continuous service, not a single, well-defined project.
Age-related changes in acoustic modifications of Mandarin maternal speech to preverbal infants and five-year-old children: a longitudinal study*

ABSTRACT Acoustic-phonetic exaggeration of infant-directed speech (IDS) is well documented, but few studies address whether these features are modified with a child's age. Mandarin-speaking mothers were recorded while addressing an adult and their child at two ages (0 ; 7–1 ; 0 and 5 ; 0) to examine the acoustic-phonetic differences between IDS and child-directed speech (CDS). CDS exhibits an exaggeration pattern resembling that of IDS – expanded vowel space, longer vowels, higher pitch and greater lexical tone differences – when compared to ADS. Longitudinal analysis demonstrated that the extent of acoustic exaggeration is significantly smaller in CDS than in IDS. Age-related changes in maternal speech provide some support for the hypothesis that mothers adjust their speech directed toward children as a function of the child's language ability.