Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Femur Positioning on Measurement of Tibial Plateau Angle: An In Vitro Study

Simple Summary Correct stifle positioning during radiographs has always been deemed vital to be able to reliably measure the tibial plateau angle (TPA) prior to surgical procedures. However, no veterinary study has so far quantified the effect of variation in limb positioning on the measurement of TPA with reference to the degree of femoral condyle superimposition. The aim of this in vitro study was to identify how different degrees of femoral hemicondylar superimposition affect the measurement of the TPA in normal stifles in dogs. A total of 176 radiographs were assessed by three different observers. Measurement of real TPA from radiographs with greater than 3 mm variation in femoral condylar superimposition is significantly affected by the malpositioning and it should therefore be interpreted with caution. Abstract Five canine cadaveric pelvic limbs with intact cranial cruciate ligaments were used to quantify the effect of variation in limb positioning on the radiographic measurement of the tibial plateau angle (TPA) with reference to the degree of femoral condyle superimposition. Intra-osseous pin placement and a custom jig design allowed the controlled three-dimensional manipulation of limbs. Medio-lateral digital radiographic projections were taken with perfect femoral hemicondylar superimposition to establish a “reference” TPA (difference in position = 0 mm), and subsequently in varying degrees of supination/pronation and abduction/adduction. The lack of femoral hemicondylar superimposition for each radiograph was quantified using a tangential line technique with reference to the long tibial axis. A total of 176 radiographs were each assessed by three observers. “True” TPA was measured and it ranged within 17–25° across all limbs assessed. Variation in femoral condylar positioning ranged from −13 mm to +13 mm proximo-distally, and −11 mm to +11 mm cranio-caudally. Moreover, 3 mm non-superimposition of the femoral condyles produced 90.6% of measurements with 1° difference between measured and “true” TPA, and a sensitivity of 97.9% for a 2° difference. Further reduction in femoral condylar superimposition to 4 mm reduced the frequency of 1° difference between measured and “true” TPA to 84.9%, and to 94.8% for a 2° difference. In conclusion, measurement of TPA in large breed dogs from radiographs with greater than 3 mm variation in femoral condylar superimposition should be interpreted with caution.
Evolutionary models for pulsation studies of white dwarfs

A large grid of equilibrium models suitable for adiabatic and nonadiabatic seismological investigations of pulsating white dwarfs of the DAV and DBV types is presented and discussed in detail. The basic structure of the models is that of a layered configuration consisting of an almost pure carbon core surrounded by an almost pure helium layer, itself surrounded by an almost pure hydrogen layer. Models are computed for three masses, and the helium layer mass is varied. The effects of varying the assumed convective efficiency are investigated. A special sequence is computed to explore the effects of changing the composition gradient scale height in transition regions. Models using two different sets of radiative opacities for the same compositions are obtained to test the sensitivity of the pulsation properties to this component of the constitutive physics. These experiments constitute by far the most extensive study that has been performed to provide suitable models for pulsating white dwarfs. 110 refs.
A Dual-Scale CSRRs-Based Sensor for Dielectric Characterization of Solid Materials

A compact planar sensor is presented in this letter, which could measure the dielectric constants of solid materials at microwave and sub-THz frequencies, simultaneously. The lower band resonator is based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR), fed by a coplanar waveguide line on the board operating at 4.76 GHz, and the upper band sensor is a 3 × 3 CSRR array, excited by a pair of WR-10 open-ended waveguide probes operating at 112 GHz. The upper band CSRR array is nested in the lower band CSRR resonator, but their sensing functions are independent of each other. A coincident sensing area is obtained that needs a testing sample with small volume. Dielectric films composed of polydimethylsiloxane and barium-titanate with different volume fractions are used to verify the performance of the sensor in both frequency scales. The advantages of the proposed design, including compact size, high sensitivity, low sample volume, and dual-scale operation, make it a competitive solution for detecting solid materials with similar dielectric properties in a single frequency band, for application such as the food industry, material quality control, and biomedical.
Predicting housing construction period based on a cox proportional hazard model––an empirical study of housing completions in the greater Toronto and Hamilton area

The completion progress of residential development projects and the length of construction are frequently discussed in the construction industry, but rarely studied by urban modellers. Nonetheless, a realistic reflection of housing supply processes is important for urban microsimulation and land use modelling. To predict the dwelling units generated over space and time, this paper decomposes the housing supply process into two major components: housing starts and completions, the nature and modelling logic of which are quite different. This paper deals with the latter segment, aiming to answer the question of: how long will it take to complete construction of new dwellings? A Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) Model is employed to examine the “survival” rate of residential building projects and the probabilistic distribution of construction periods. Narrowing down the scope of research, this study investigates housing completions at the individual project level, and discusses the impact of structure type, surrounding land use, and accessibility on the housing completion rate. The Cities of Toronto, Hamilton, and Brampton in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) were selected to conduct the empirical study, with each representing different types of urban form to test model compatibility. The hazard models show good performance in replicating completion rates, and the impact of each factor on hazard ratio indicates that, single detached dwelling units with relatively homogeneous land use have the shortest completion time. This study could provide one component of a comprehensive framework for modelling housing supply, especially in urban microsimulation systems.
Prediction of stock return by LSTM neural network

ABSTRACT The role of the stock market in the whole financial market is indispensable. How to obtain the actual trading income and maximize the interests in the trading process has been a problem studied by scholars and financial practitioners for a long time. Deep learning network can extract features from a large number of original data, which has potential advantages for stock market prediction. Based on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2019 to 2021, we use LSTM models, optimized on in-sample period and tested on out-of-sample period, using rolling window approach. We select the right hyperparameters at the beginning of our tests, use RBM preprocessing data, then use LSTM model to obtain expected stock return, to effectively predict future stock market analysis and predictive behavior. Finally, we perform a sensitivity analysis of the main parameters and hyperparameters of the model.
Giant impact, planetary merger, and diversity of planetary-core mass

Abstract Transit observations indicate a large dispersion in the internal structure among the known gas giants. This is a big challenge to the conventional sequential planetary formation scenario because the diversity is inconsistent with the expectation of some well defined critical condition for the onset of gas accretion in this scenario. We suggest that giant impacts may lead to the merger of planets or the accretion of planetary embryos and cause the diversity of the core mass. By using an SPH scheme, we show that direct parabolic collisions generally lead to the total coalescence of impinging gas giants whereas, during glancing collisions, the efficiency of core retention is much larger than that of the envelope. We also examine the adjustment of the gaseous envelope with a 1D Lagrangian hydrodynamic scheme. In the proximity of their host stars, the expansion of the planets' envelopes, shortly after sufficiently catastrophic impacts, can lead to a substantial loss of gas through Roche-lobe overflow. We are going to examine the possibility that the accretion of several Earth-mass objects can significantly enlarge the planets' photosphere and elevate the tidal dissipation rate over the time scale of 100 Myr.
Workspace Placement of Motion Trajectories by Manipulability Index for Optimal Design of Cobot Assisted Rehabilitation Solutions

Nowadays the rehabilitation process involves the patient and the therapist, that must interact to recover the motion of limbs and the strength of related muscles to restore the initial functionalities. The therapy relies on the experience and sensitivity of the therapist that identifies the rehabilitation exercises which are necessary to recover the expected ability. To prevent inappropriate practices an interesting aid may come by mixing collaborative robots, namely Cobots, and additive manufacturing technologies. The proper integration of a Cobot assistant and custom-printed training objects enables a significant improvement in the effectiveness of the therapy action and the related user experience since the programmed trajectories can mimic the movements related to activities of daily living. To this aim, this work describes an integrated approach to support the design of Cobot assisted rehabilitative solutions. The object selected by the patient and therapist, the motion pattern, the clamping area, and loads on the limb represents the design requirements. The motion trajectories defining the specific training tasks are the starting point to the optimal placement within the Cobot workspace. Specifically, manipulability maps can provide an objective evaluation of the locations where the exercises are performed at the best of workspace and configuration of the Cobot. A simple upper limb rehabilitation exercise based on a demonstrative handle has been selected to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results confirm that the manipulability index can be adopted to drive the preliminary design of the Cobotic solution toward a feasible configuration.
Optical trapping in the presence of higher order mode sources and interactions

The force fields produced by higher order mode (HOM) TMen1 sources are investigated analytically and numerically. Their application to optical manipulation and trapping is emphasized. It is found that the strong reactive fields excited by these advanced HOM nanoantennas significantly enhance both the gradient and near-field absorption-scattering forces, as well as increase the range of attraction of those absorption-scattering forces. Moreover, the impact on these force fields by the excitation of HOMs in a nanoparticle is addressed. These results are used to demonstrate the theoretical possibility of the generation of tractor beams by highly subwavelength sources on resonant dipolar nanoparticles. The analysis reveals that the associated attractive forces can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude before the HOMs induce any noticeable degradation of the radiation efficiency. The practical implementation of HOM TMen1 sources by means of active core-shell resonators, as well as their potential for the self-induced trapping of fluorescent molecules, is also addressed.
Librarian-Faculty Collaboration for Literacy Courses: Promoting Better Learning for Preservice Teachers

This narrative describes a collaboration between three university literacy faculty and a subject librarian undertaken to embed library instruction across the semester in three required courses--children’s literature, early literacy, and disciplinary literacy--in order to help undergraduate preservice teachers better understand and incorporate children’s literature and high interest literature into their teaching. Concrete, scaffolded, hands-on experiences for preservice teachers with teaching materials helped to build awareness of foundational concepts in literacy instruction. Librarian/faculty collaborations have the potential to improve literacy teacher preparation programs by providing designed opportunities for active, concrete engagement coupled with structured reflection.
Numerical simulations of non‐equilibrium turbulent boundary layer flowing over a bump

Large‐eddy simulation (LES) and Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes simulation (RANS) with different turbulence models (including the standard k−ε, the standard k−ω, the shear stress transport k−ω (SST k−ω), and Spalart–Allmaras (S–A) turbulence models) have been employed to compute the turbulent flow of a two‐dimensional turbulent boundary layer over an unswept bump. The predictions of the simulations were compared with available experimental measurements in the literature. The comparisons of the LES and the SST k−ω model including the mean flow and turbulence stresses are in satisfied agreements with the available measurements. Although the flow experiences a strong adverse pressure gradient along the rear surface, the boundary layer is unique in that intermittent detachment occurring near the wall. The numerical results indicate that the boundary layer is not followed by mean‐flow separation or incipient separation as shown from the numerical results. The resolved turbulent shear stress is in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data, though the computational result of LES shows that its peak is overpredicted near the trailing edge of the bump, while the other used turbulence models, except the standard k−ε, underpredicts it. Analysis of the numerical results from LES confirms the experimental data, in which the existence of internal layers over the bump surface upstream of the summit and along the downstream flat plate. It also demonstrates that the quasi‐step increase in skin friction is due to perturbations in pressure gradient. The surface curvature enhances the near‐wall shear production of turbulent stresses, and is responsible for the formation of the internal layers.
Expression and Characterization of Monomeric Recombinant Isocitrate Dehydrogenases from Corynebacterium glutamicum and Azotobacter vinelandii for NADPH Regeneration

The enzymatic transformation of various chemicals, especially using NADPH-dependent hydroxylase, into more soluble and/or high value-added products has steadily garnered increasing attention. However, the industrial application of these NADPH-dependent hydroxylases has been limited due to the high cost of the cofactor NADPH. As an alternative, enzymatic NADPH-regeneration systems have been developed and are frequently used in various fields. Here, we expressed and compared two recombinant isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) from Corynebacterium glutamicum and Azotobacter vinelandii in Escherichia coli. Both enzymes were hyper-expressed in the soluble fraction of E. coli and were single-step purified to apparent homogeneity with yields of more than 850 mg/L. These enzymes also functioned well when paired with NADPH consumption systems. Specifically, NADPH was regenerated from NADP+ when an NADPH-consuming cytochrome P450 BM3 from Bacillus megaterium was incorporated. Therefore, both enzymes could be used as alternatives to the commonly used regeneration system for NADPH. These enzymes also have promising potential as genetic fusion partners with NADPH-dependent enzymes due to the monomeric nature of their quaternary structure, thereby resulting in self-sufficient biocatalysts via NADPH regeneration in a single polypeptide with NADPH-dependent activity.
Optimal Security Protection Strategy Selection Model Based on Q-Learning Particle Swarm Optimization

With the rapid development of Industrial Internet of Things technology, the industrial control system (ICS) faces more and more security threats, which may lead to serious risks and extensive damage. Naturally, it is particularly important to construct efficient, robust, and low-cost protection strategies for ICS. However, how to construct an objective function of optimal security protection strategy considering both the security risk and protection cost, and to find the optimal solution, are all significant challenges. In this paper, we propose an optimal security protection strategy selection model and develop an optimization framework based on Q-Learning particle swarm optimization (QLPSO). The model performs security risk assessment of ICS by introducing the protection strategy into the Bayesian attack graph. The QLPSO adopts the Q-Learning to improve the local optimum, insufficient diversity, and low precision of the PSO algorithm. Simulations are performed on a water distribution ICS, and the results verify the validity and feasibility of our proposed model and the QLPSO algorithm.
Missing Variables in Bayesian Regression II.

Abstract We are concerned with the problem of parameter estimation in normal regression when some of the observations are missing. A Bayesian approach with vague prior distributions is taken. No assumption is made about the independent variables for which no observations are missing, but the missing components are assumed to be normally distributed with a mean that can depend on the other variables. Joint estimators of the parameters are obtained as the joint mode of the posterior distribution.
Spam Message Detection: A Review

: A Message is an information exchanged for personal or business purposes. These messages are generally targeted by spammers, resulting in forfeits in financial or monetary. Spam messages have grown significantly in di ff erent fields. Various machine learning based techniques have been used in the past for the detection of spam. A very few review works are available on spam detection techniques in the field of SMS, Email, Twitter and Online reviews. However, these studies have limitations of study of limited techniques from machine learning fields only. Also, an in-depth evaluation of performance for each of the suggested techniques are missing. In this paper, a detailed review of spam message detection techniques in five domains - SMS, Email, Twitter, Instagram and Online Reviews is done. Based on the reviews of state-of-the-art in the five domains, a generalized model for spam message detection is perceived and presented. Additionally, this paper provides a thorough review of the past researching the domain and detailed analysis is presented. The paper concluded with the future trends which can be used for message spam detection in near future.
Bone Ablation Depth Estimation From Er:YAG Laser-Generated Acoustic Waves

Using a laser for cutting bones instead of the traditional saws improves a patient’s healing process. Additionally, the laser has the potential to reduce the collateral damage to the surrounding tissue if appropriately applied. This can be achieved by building additional sensing elements besides the laser itself into an endoscope. To this end, we use a microsecond pulsed Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) laser to cut bones. During ablation, each pulse emits an acoustic shock wave that is captured by an air-coupled transducer. In our research, we use the data from these acoustic waves to predict the depth of the cut during the ablation process. We use a Neural Network (NN) to estimate the depth, where we use one or multiple consecutive measurements of acoustic waves. The NN outperforms the base-line method that assumes a constant ablation rate with each pulse to predict the depth. The results are evaluated and compared against the ground-truth depth measurements from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images that measure the depth in real-time during the ablation process.
The Outline of Seed Silhouettes: A Morphological Approach to Silene (Caryophyllaceae)

Seed morphology is an important source of information for plant taxonomy. Nevertheless, the characters under study are diverse, and a simple, unified method is lacking in the literature. A new method for the classification of seeds of the genus Silene based on optical images and image analysis has recently been described on the basis of morphological measurements of the lateral seed views. According to the outline of their silhouettes, seeds from 52 species (49 of Silene and three related species) were classified in three groups: smooth, rugose and echinate, revealing remarkable differences between these groups. This methodology has been applied here to 51 new species, making a total of 100 species of Silene analyzed so far. According to our data, a new group was described, termed papillose. The results showed morphological differences between the four mentioned seed groups, with reduced values of circularity for dorsal and lateral seed views in the papillose and echinate groups and reduced values of solidity in the papillose seeds. The method was applied to the analysis of individual as well as to average seed silhouettes and some of the differences between groups were maintained in both cases.
A study of methods for construction of balanced incomplete block design

Abstract This paper analyses the important properties of and construction for Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (BIBDs) which was introduced in experimental studies by Yates (1936). The designs are equireplicate binary designs for v varieties in b blocks of k plots each. However, designs do not exist for all triples (v, b, k). In this paper, a series of methods for construction of balanced incomplete block designs are investigated. We also discuss the problems in the existence and non-existence of balanced designs.
A Search for Main‐Sequence Companions to Subdwarf B Stars Using the Two Micron All Sky Survey

We explore the binary fraction of subdwarf B (sdB) stars by using the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) to search for main‐sequence companions. Subdwarf B stars are extreme horizontal branch (EHB) stars with effective temperatures between 25,000 and 40,000 K. As such, they are extremely blue, making infrared color excess a useful method for detecting main‐sequence (MS) companions between A0 and M2. We have convolved Kurucz models with appropriate 2MASS and B‐filter bandpasses to examine how various combinations separate single sdB stars from sdB+MS binaries. We find that most infrared color combinations produce similar separations, with (BJ) - (JH) having the greatest separation. For our determination of the sdB+MS binary fraction, we use three different color index combinations as well as several tests to look for biases and selection effects. We notice that as sdB+MS sources are brighter than single sdB sources, they should preferentially be observed, increasing the fraction of inferred sdB+MS binaries. As such, we examine a magnitude‐limited sample appropriate for single sdB stars. We also examine the Palomar‐Green (PG) survey selection effect against sdB+MS binaries by comparing it with newer surveys that can better detect sdB+MS binaries. From our complete sample, we infer an sdB+MS (A0 to M2) binary fraction of 53% ± 6%, whereas from our magnitude‐limited sample, we infer an sdB+MS binary fraction of 20% ± 2% (including the PG selection effect). We discuss the implications for producing sdB stars via binary interactions.