Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor mediates endotoxic effects in mice

Endotoxic reactions induced in mice by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were examined. Mice showed a dose-dependent hypothermia after intravenous TNF injection which was similar to a reaction to lipopolysaccharide injection. Plasma glucose levels were decreased, and plasma lactate levels were increased. Blood hematocrit levels were increased after TNF injection. No interleukin-1 activity was detected in the plasma of TNF-treated animals. The number of leukocytes was reduced 30 min after TNF injection and returned to normal within 24 h. Thus, the data demonstrate that the pathophysiological effects induced by TNF were similar to the effects induced by bacterial endotoxin. Since lipopolysaccharide is a very potent agent for eliciting TNF release from activated macrophages, these results suggest that TNF could act as an endogenous mediator of endotoxin effects.
Offense based temporal segmentation for event detection in soccer video

Sports video is regarded as a good testing bed for techniques on content based video analysis and processing. Although partially successful systems have been designed for specific sports domains with limited data, most previous works do not adequately address the problem of temporal segmentation for event detection, nor the event representation problem. In this paper, we present an analysis of soccer video for detecting the semantic notion of <i>offense</i>. It is not only useful as a new semantic concept of sports video analysis, but also provides temporal segmentation for video event detection and representation. We propose a system to detect the offensive unit in soccer video automatically. The offensive unit is then used to calculate new semantics like <i>possession</i>, as well as to detect goal events in video. Experimental results on various sources of soccer video have verified that our approach extracts the new semantic notions successfully and facilitates video event detection and representation
Why Gods Persist: A Scientific Approach to Religion

This work takes a serious look at social scientific explanations for the persistence of religion. Psychologist, Robert Hinde, offers a major study from the perspective of both the social and the biological sciences on the role of religion in human society. He explores why religions have played such a major role in the lives of individuals and in the integration of societies, and probes why it is that if most basic religious beliefs are clearly incompatible with modern scientific knowledge, the majority of people in western countries still see themselves as believers. He demonstrates that answers to these sorts of questions are the ultimate challenge to Darwinism. The text seeks to tackle a complex problem in a straightforward way which students should find understandable. Hinde provides chapter summaries, multiple sections within each chapter, and draws from examples from a wide range of religions. The text offers a holistic approach to understanding the persistence of religion, our relationship and behaviour to religion, and evolutionary theory.
Mutual Spectral Clustering: Microarray Experiments Versus Text Corpus

This work studies a machine learning technique designed for exploring relations between microarray experiment data and the corpus of gene-related literature available via PubMed. The use of this task is found in that it provides better clusters of genes by fusing both information sources together, while it can also be used to guide the expert through the large corpus of gene-related literature based on insights into microarray experiments and vice versa. The learning technique addresses the unsupervised learning problem of finding meaningful clusters co-occurring in both knowledge-bases. Here, one is typically interested in whether the membership of an instance to one cluster in the former knowledge-base transduces to membership of the same instance to the corresponding cluster in the latter representation. This idea is described as an extended MINCUT problem and implemented using a spectral clustering technique possessing a well-defined out-of-sample extension. 1 STATEMENT OF THE LEARNING PROBLEM In order to emphasize the peculiarity of the investigated learning setting, the problem is at first stated in an abstract way. Let {(Xi, Zi)}i=1 ⊂ R1 × R2 be iid sampled from the joint distribution FXZ , for given d1, d2, n ∈ N. Let K 0 represent the relative importance or confidentiality of the two representations G(1) and G(2). The following approach is based on an additive argument: the performance of a mutual clustering is essentially expressed as the sum of the performances of the clustering on both individual graphs. We start by explicitly defining a neighbor-based rule for deciding whether a node N∗ (with edges {w ∗ }j=1 and {w (2) ∗j }j=1) belongs to the former class (denoted as q = −1) or of the latter (q = 1): thus for G(1), the decision rules become 
Let's phrase it: INEX topics need keyphrases

In this paper, we study and discuss the usage of phrases in the INEX evaluation of XML retrieval as well as in related research. We find that the INEX framework could easily become a unique testbed for researchers interested in the exploitation of complex terms in IR, while triggering interest from others. Unfortunately, our analysis of the use of keyphrases in INEX topics shows a downwards trend over the years that impacts on the attention of participants. While NEXI, the official query format of INEX, does indeed support keyphrases, its full potential does not materialize, as topic contents show a lack of consistency in their markup. In 2007, 87% of the INEX queries contained keyphrases, but only 11% of those were marked up. We present simple and low-cost solutions to let the INEX collections deliver their full potential in keyphrase retrieval.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Schizophrenia: Effect Sizes, Clinical Models, and Methodological Rigor

Background: Guidance in the United States and United Kingdom has included cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CBTp) as a preferred therapy. But recent advances have widened the CBTp targets to other symptoms and have different methods of provision, eg, in groups. Aim: To explore the effect sizes of current CBTp trials including targeted and nontargeted symptoms, modes of action, and effect of methodological rigor. Method: Thirty-four CBTp trials with data in the public domain were used as source data for a meta-analysis and investigation of the effects of trial methodology using the Clinical Trial Assessment Measure (CTAM). Results: There were overall beneficial effects for the target symptom (33 studies; effect size = 0.400 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.252, 0.548]) as well as significant effects for positive symptoms (32 studies), negative symptoms (23 studies), functioning (15 studies), mood (13 studies), and social anxiety (2 studies) with effects ranging from 0.35 to 0.44. However, there was no effect on hopelessness. Improvements in one domain were correlated with improvements in others. Trials in which raters were aware of group allocation had an inflated effect size of approximately 50%–100%. But rigorous CBTp studies showed benefit (estimated effect size = 0.223; 95% CI = 0.017, 0.428) although the lower end of the CI should be noted. Secondary outcomes (eg, negative symptoms) were also affected such that in the group of methodologically adequate studies the effect sizes were not significant. Conclusions: As in other meta-analyses, CBTp had beneficial effect on positive symptoms. However, psychological treatment trials that make no attempt to mask the group allocation are likely to have inflated effect sizes. Evidence considered for psychological treatment guidance should take into account specific methodological detail.
Use of Intraoperative Fluorescent Indocyanine Green Angiography for Real-Time Vascular Evaluation of Pericranial Flaps

BackgroundPericranial flaps (PCFs) have been widely used for skull base reconstruction. The key to successful skull base reconstruction using PCF depends on flap vascularity, but there have been no reports describing the real-time vascularity of PCF. In this study, we performed intraoperative fluorescent indocyanine green angiography to evaluate the real-time vascularity and viability of PCF and to estimate the reliability of this flap. MethodsEleven anteriorly based PCF (with a bilateral pedicle, ipsilateral pedicle, and random-pattern flap) and 11 laterally based PCF (with and without temporal muscle) were included in this study. The flap vascularity of each flap type considering the patients' background was evaluated using indocyanine green angiography intraoperatively. ResultsAnteriorly based PCF had significantly better vascularity compared to laterally based PCF. In anteriorly based PCF, there was no significant difference in vascularity between PCF with bilateral pedicles and an ipsilateral pedicle. In laterally based PCF, PCF without temporal muscle showed a wider vascular area compared to PCF with temporal muscle. As for the patient background, those older than 45 years, body mass index more than 25, and who were smokers tended to have lower vascularity. Preoperative radiation therapy did not show any significant differences in terms of flap vascularity. ConclusionsAnteriorly based PCF had significantly better vascularity compared to laterally based PCF and seemed safer to harvest regardless of flap pedicle type. Also, the feasibility of harvesting muscle sparing laterally based PCF was indicated. Finally, being older than 45 years, a body mass index more than 25, or being a smoker might increase the risk of reducing flap vascularity.
Coupling between Smectic and Twist Modes in Polymer Intercalated Smectics

We analyze the elastic energy of an intercalated smectic where orientationally ordered polymers with an average orientation varying from layer to layer are intercalated between smectic planes. The lowest order terms in the coupling between polymer director and smectic layer curvature are added to the smectic elastic energy. Integration over the smectic degrees of freedom leaves an effective polymer twist energy that has to be included into the total polymer elastic energy leading to a fluctuational renormalization of the intercalated polymer twist modulus. If the polymers are chiral, this, in its turn, leads to a renormalization of the cholesteric pitch.
Generalization of Microdischarge Scaling Laws for All Gases at Atmospheric Pressure

The failure of traditional breakdown theories to predict breakdown voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for microscale gaps motivates studies for more accurate approaches. We generalize scaling laws previously derived for argon at atmospheric pressure to model any gas at atmospheric pressure for gap distances from 100 nm to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and perform a matched asymptotic analysis to derive simple analytic equations for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at critical limits. We obtain excellent agreement between numerical solutions, analytic equations, particle-in-cell simulations, and experimental data. Furthermore, we assess the relative contributions of field emission and Townsend discharge for gaps larger than 100 nm, demonstrating that the field emission contribution exceeds the Townsend contribution for gap distances smaller than several microns. For example, with argon, nickel electrodes, and a field enhancement factor of 55, the field emission contribution exceeds the Townsend contribution below <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Autobiographies in Preservice Teacher Education: A Snapshot Tool for Building a Culturally Responsive Pedagogy

Many scholars have made the call for teacher educators to provide experiences that can lead preservice teachers to embrace a culturally responsive pedagogy. We investigated the use of brief autobiographies during an internship as a tool (a) for preservice teachers to examine their multidimensional culture; and (b) for teacher educators to assess preservice teachers' developing understandings about cultural responsive pedagogy and then further design curriculum to enhance these understandings. Using qualitative methods, we analyzed the preservice teachers' (N=24) autobiographies and an interview with the professor of this course. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest teacher educators need to develop experiences and opportunities that will enable preservice teachers to reflect on how culture impacts teaching and learning behaviors. Therefore, preservice teachers will be better prepared to teach all students.
Assessment of Financial Competence

The decision as to whether an individual requires an administrator to manage some or all of his or her financial affairs is ultimately a legal decision. According to Australian law, this decision must be in the best interests of the individual, and must also be “the least restrictive alternative”. The decision is usually based in part on reports or evidence provided by health-care professionals about the strengths and limitations of the person whose competence is in question. The problem is that currently in Australia there are no universally accepted definitions of financial competence, and no objective, uniform standards for assessing financial competence. The overall goal of the present study was to assess the validity and reliability of a measure of financial competence: the Financial Competence Assessment Inventory (FCAI). The FCAI demonstrated good reliability and validity when used with people with and people without cognitive impairment and was able to distinguish between people with and people without a financial administrator.
Differential Power Analysis resistance of Camellia and countermeasure strategy on FPGAs

Security devices are vulnerable to Differential Power Analysis (DPA) that reveals the key by monitoring the power consumption of the circuits. In this paper, we present the first DPA attack against an FPGA implementation of the Camellia encryption algorithm with all key sizes and evaluate the DPA resistance of the algorithm. The Camellia cryptographic algorithm involves several different key-dependent intermediate operations including S-Box operations. In previous research, it was believed that the Camellia is stronger than AES due to the additional Whitening phase protecting the S-Box operation. However, we propose an attack that bypasses the Whitening phase and targets the S-Box. In this paper, we also discuss a low-cost countermeasure strategy to protect the Pre-whitening / Post-whitening and FL function of Camellia using Dual-rail Precharged Logic and to protect against attacks of the S-Box using Random Delay Insertion.
On Opportunistic Coverage for Urban Sensing

Opportunistic sensing is a new paradigm which exploits human-carried or vehicle-mounted sensors to collect data ubiquitously for large-scale urban sensing. Existing work lacks an in-depth investigation on the sensing quality of such sensing systems, which faces two basic problems: 1) how to measure the sensing quality? and 2) how many humans or vehicles are necessary to satisfy the sensing quality requirement of the whole urban area? To solve the first problem, we propose a metric called Inter-Cover Time (ICT) to characterize the opportunity with which a sub region is covered, which reflects the sensing quality directly. According to the empirical measurement studies on real mobility traces of thousands of taxis collected in Beijing and Shanghai, we find that the aggregated ICT Distribution (ICTD) closely resembles a truncated power-law distribution regardless of the size of sub regions and the number of vehicles. We also analyze the reasons behind this particular pattern by the evaluation on four known mobility models. To solve the second problem, we further propose a metric called opportunistic coverage ratio based on the ICTD to characterize the relationship between the sensing quality of an urban area and vehicle number. Our results provide fundamental guidelines on the measurement of sensing quality and network planning for opportunistic urban sensing applications.
Lessons from an AR book study

We have observed children reading an augmented book aimed at early literacy education. We explored how children aged six to seven experience and interact with these novel instructional media. We here focus on issues arising from the tangibility of interface elements, the integration of physical and digital elements, on-screen and paper elements, and of text and interactive sequences.
Dopamine Receptor Activation Modulates GABA Neuron Migration from the Basal Forebrain to the Cerebral Cortex

GABA neurons of the cerebral cortex and other telencephalic structures are produced in the basal forebrain and migrate to their final destinations during the embryonic period. The embryonic basal forebrain is enriched in dopamine and its receptors, creating a favorable environment for dopamine to influence GABA neuron migration. However, whether dopamine receptor activation can influence GABA neuron migration is not known. We show that dopamine D1 receptor activation promotes and D2 receptor activation decreases GABA neuron migration from the medial and caudal ganglionic eminences to the cerebral cortex in slice preparations of embryonic mouse forebrain. Slice preparations from D1 or D2 receptor knock-out mouse embryos confirm the findings. In addition, D1 receptor electroporation into cells of the basal forebrain and pharmacological activation of the receptor promote migration of the electroporated cells to the cerebral cortex. Analysis of GABA neuron numbers in the cerebral wall of the dopamine receptor knock-out mouse embryos further confirmed the effects of dopamine receptor activation on GABA neuron migration. Finally, dopamine receptor activation mobilizes striatal neuronal cytoskeleton in a manner consistent with the effects on neuronal migration. These data show that impairing the physiological balance between D1 and D2 receptors can alter GABA neuron migration from the basal forebrain to the cerebral cortex. The intimate relationship between dopamine and GABA neuron development revealed here may offer novel insights into developmental disorders such as schizophrenia, attention deficit or autism, and fetal cocaine exposure, all of which are associated with dopamine and GABA imbalance.
Survey of the Various Operating Principles of Ultrasonic Piezomotors

Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors have been known for more than 30 years. In recent years especially, a large number of different designs have been developed, both for rotation and linear drives. This talk will provide a definition of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors and classify their different operating principles. The operation of each type will then be explained, commercially available implementations described and the advantages and disadvantages of each discussed. The goal is to provide an international perspective on the current state of development of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors.
Negotiating Legitimacy: Rituals and Reflection in School by Robert Hamm

There are good reasons for studying ritual-like events in school settings. Both disciplinary (subject-knowledge) and non-disciplinary teaching (norms of behaviour) may seek to produce new kinds of identity and patterns of self-evident truth other than those established in the family. Schools like to emphasise their universalistic character—the responsibility of transmitting non-disciplinary moral standards and sanctified disciplinary subject knowledges. This creates a problem: how to get pupils to become subjects of these cultural arbitraries? The arbitrary nature of the imposition is of course denied. Yet any historical study of.
Necesidad de tratamiento psicológico en personas con riesgo de cáncer hereditario que inician consejo genético. Estudio de variables predictoras

A study of Oncological Genetic Counseling (CGO) participants is realized, previously to begin the process, with the following aims: a) to provide descriptive data about cancer risk perception, Anxiety-Trait, coping competence, anxiety/depression, cancer-specific worries, previous psychological disorders, stressful life events during last 3 year, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, b) to determine if there are differences between 3 hereditary cancer risk syndromes: breast/ovarian, colon and others on those variables; c) to evaluate psychological intervention needs; d) to determine if those variables (risk perception, Anxiety-Trait, cancer previous, number of cancer relatives and stressful life events) can predict the need of psychological treatment. 155 participants were assessed on CGO Unit at Hospital Cl? nico San Carlos with hereditary risk of cancer (breast/ovarian: 77; colon: 53; others: 35). The sample characteristics were: 76.8% women, age mean: 44 years, 70% were married with children, and hight educational level (40% universitary studies). There were 37% with previous cancer diagnostic. Risk perception was moderately high: there were 34% that considered his/her risk higher than 50% and 20% considered that risk was higher than 75%. Most participants considered themselves with good ability to cope with cancer risk (91%), but 40% report anxiety/depression and worries cancer-specific. 65% has suffered stressful live events in the last 3 years. 28% have received psychological treatment in the last two years. The scores on Anxiety-Trait (STAI-R) were on normal range for Spanish population. MANOVA gender x hereditary syndromes (breast/ovarian, colon and others) showed higher scores of colorectal cancer participants on STAI-R (p=0.009); Moreover, women with previous cancer have a higher score on STAI-R than women without previous cancer diagnostic. There were 33 (25%) of 133 participants assessed that need psychological attention. AMOS 5 regression model with observed variables: STAI-R, previous cancer diagnostic, risk perception, number of cancer relatives, and stressful life events, explained 51% of the variance of psychological treatment needs. The analysis of ROC Curve using as contrast STAI-T variable to classify participants as positive or negative for need of psychological treatment showed that the STAI-R is a useful screening tool for psychological treatment needs. It is concluded that psychological intervention is necessary for a significative number of CGO participants.
Systems Applications of Social Networks

The aim of this article is to provide an understanding of social networks as a useful addition to the standard toolbox of techniques used by system designers. To this end, we give examples of how data about social links have been collected and used in different application contexts. We develop a broad taxonomy-based overview of common properties of social networks, review how they might be used in different applications, and point out potential pitfalls where appropriate. We propose a framework, distinguishing between two main types of social network-based user selection—personalised user selection, which identifies target users who may be relevant for a given source node, using the social network around the source as a context, and generic user selection or group delimitation, which filters for a set of users who satisfy a set of application requirements based on their social properties. Using this framework, we survey applications of social networks in three typical kinds of application scenarios: recommender systems, content-sharing systems (e.g., P2P or video streaming), and systems that defend against users who abuse the system (e.g., spam or sybil attacks). In each case, we discuss potential directions for future research that involve using social network properties.