Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the problem by Erd\"os-de Bruijn-Kingman on regularity of reciprocals for exponential series

Motivated by applications to renewal theory, Erd\H{o}s, de Bruijn and Kingman posed a problem on boundedness of reciprocals $(1-z)/(1-F(z))$ in the unit disc for probability generating functions $F(z)$. It was solved by Ibragimov in $1975$ by constructing a counterexample. In this paper, we provide much stronger counterexamples showing that the problem does not allow for a positive answer even under rather restrictive additional assumptions. Moreover, we pursue a systematic study of $L^p$-integrabilty properties for the reciprocals. In particular, we show that while the boundedness of $(1-z)/(1-F(z))$ fails in general, the reciprocals do possess certain $L^p$-integrability properties under mild conditions on $F$. We also study the same circle of problems in the continuous-time setting.
Optimizing Face Recognition Inference with a Collaborative Edge–Cloud Network

The rapid development of deep-learning-based edge artificial intelligence applications and their data-driven nature has led to several research issues. One key issue is the collaboration of the edge and cloud to optimize such applications by increasing inference speed and reducing latency. Some researchers have focused on simulations that verify that a collaborative edge–cloud network would be optimal, but the real-world implementation is not considered. Most researchers focus on the accuracy of the detection and recognition algorithm but not the inference speed in actual deployment. Others have implemented such networks with minimal pressure on the cloud node, thus defeating the purpose of an edge–cloud collaboration. In this study, we propose a method to increase inference speed and reduce latency by implementing a real-time face recognition system in which all face detection tasks are handled on the edge device and by forwarding cropped face images that are significantly smaller than the whole video frame, while face recognition tasks are processed at the cloud. In this system, both devices communicate using the TCP/IP protocol of wireless communication. Our experiment is executed using a Jetson Nano GPU board and a PC as the cloud. This framework is studied in terms of the frame-per-second (FPS) rate. We further compare our framework using two scenarios in which face detection and recognition tasks are deployed on the (1) edge and (2) cloud. The experimental results show that combining the edge and cloud is an effective way to accelerate the inferencing process because the maximum FPS achieved by the edge–cloud deployment was 1.91× more than the cloud deployment and 8.5× more than the edge deployment.
POSSIBLE SIGNATURES OF A COLD-FLOW DISK FROM MUSE USING A z ∼ 1 GALAXY–QUASAR PAIR TOWARD SDSS J1422−0001

We use a background quasar to detect the presence of circumgalactic gas around a z = 0.91 ? > low-mass star-forming galaxy. Data from the new Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope show that the galaxy has a dust-corrected star formation rate (SFR) of 4.7 ± 2.0 M⊙ yr−1, with no companion down to 0.22 M⊙ yr−1 (5σ) within 240 h − 1 ? > kpc (“30”). Using a high-resolution spectrum of the background quasar, which is fortuitously aligned with the galaxy major axis (with an azimuth angle α of only 15°), we find, in the gas kinematics traced by low-ionization lines, distinct signatures consistent with those expected for a “cold-flow disk” extending at least 12 kpc ( 3 × R 1 / 2 ? > ). We estimate the mass accretion rate M ˙ in ? > to be at least two to three times larger than the SFR, using the geometric constraints from the IFU data and the H i column density of log N H I ? > / cm - 2 ? > ≃ 20.4 obtained from a Hubble Space Telescope/COS near-UV spectrum. From a detailed analysis of the low-ionization lines (e.g., Zn ii, Cr ii, Ti ii, Mn ii, Si ii), the accreting material appears to be enriched to about 0.4 Z ⊙ ? > (albeit with large uncertainties: log Z / Z ⊙ = − 0.4 ± 0.4 ? > ), which is comparable to the galaxy metallicity (12 + log O/H = 8.7 ± 0.2), implying a large recycling fraction from past outflows. Blueshifted Mg ii and Fe ii absorptions in the galaxy spectrum from the MUSE data reveal the presence of an outflow. The Mg ii and Fe ii absorption line ratios indicate emission infilling due to scattering processes, but the MUSE data do not show any signs of fluorescent Fe ii* emission.
What Is on Your Gig Radar? Toward a Hierarchical Structure of Coping

Digitalized independent workers, known as gig workers, have been shown to work under high-pressure, with a lack of autonomy, a lack of feedback and perceived competence, and a high level of isolation. We conducted a literature review to investigate how gig workers cope with these sources of stress. We identified primary sources of psychological stress in gig work and the main strategies used by workers for coping with them. We show that focusing solely on identifying coping strategies depicts a fragmented literature, making it impossible to compare, link, or aggregate findings. We suggest a radar classification of coping based on the motivational action theory of coping and self-determination theory that defines coping as a process to adapt to the environment and maintain well-being. We argue that this framework is both relevant and necessary for developing research on gig-worker coping.
Bi-Level l1 Optimization-Based Interference Reduction for Millimeter Wave Radars

With the increasing number of radar-equipped vehicles in dense traffic situations, millimeter wave radars are suffering from serious interference problems. Therefore, this article presents a novel bi-level <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> optimization based approach for reducing interferences between automotive radars for range, velocity and angle measurement. Firstly, sparse difference analysis between the interfering signal and the target signal is investigated. According to the analysis results, one bi-level based signal optimization model is further derived by using <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-norm penalized least squares. This bi-level optimization enables a trade-off between suppressing interference and preserving radar targets. Specifically, in the first <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> level, the interfering signal is first optimized as the “desired signal”, while the target is considered as “noise”. Meanwhile, sparse optimization is applied on the target signals in the frequency domain at the second <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> level. Finally, the iterated soft-thresholding algorithm is used to optimize the proposed model. In real road interference suppression experiments, the proposed method improves the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for the target from 5.06 dB to 19.26 dB in the range-Doppler domain and from 6.86 dB to 22.10 dB in the azimuth spatial domain.
CRITICAL FIELDS AND GROWTH RATES OF THE TAYLER INSTABILITY AS PROBED BY A COLUMNAR GALLIUM EXPERIMENT

Many astrophysical phenomena (such as the slow rotation of neutron stars or the rigid rotation of the solar core) can be explained by the action of the Tayler instability of toroidal magnetic fields in the radiative zones of stars. In order to place the theory of this instability on a safe fundament, it has been realized in a laboratory experiment measuring the critical field strength, the growth rates, as well as the shape of the supercritical modes. A strong electrical current flows through a liquid metal confined in a resting columnar container with an insulating outer cylinder. As the very small magnetic Prandtl number of the gallium–indium–tin alloy does not influence the critical Hartmann number of the field amplitudes, the electric currents for marginal instability can also be computed with direct numerical simulations. The results of this theoretical concept are confirmed by the experiment. Also the predicted growth rates on the order of minutes for the nonaxisymmetric perturbations are certified by the measurements. That they do not directly depend on the size of the experiment is shown as a consequence of the weakness of the applied fields and the absence of rotation.
Laser Indicated Occlusal Plane Device: A Novel Technique for Occlusal Plane Orientation

Parallelism to the ala-tragus line is commonly used as a guide for the orientation of the occlusal plane with the help of a fox plane. The accuracy of parallelism is affected by improper judgment or patient movement. This report describes a method with a modified fox plane that aids in occlusal plane determination. The device is placed in the patient's mouth with the maxillary occlusal rim to determine parallelism to the ala-tragus line and interpupillary line. The adjustments are made until the laser light on the device runs parallel to the ala-tragus line, and the spirit bubble is centered between the lines of the tube. This technique facilitates direct visualization of parallelism, thereby avoiding parallax errors.
Two dimensional Riemann problems for the nonlinear wave system: Rarefaction wave interactions

We analyze rarefaction wave interactions of self-similar transonic irrotational flow in gas dynamics for two dimensional Riemann problems. We establish the existence result of the supersonic solution to the prototype nonlinear wave system for the sectorial Riemann data, and study the formation of the sonic boundary and the transonic shock. The transition from the sonic boundary to the shock boundary inherits at least two types of degeneracies (1) the system is sonic, and in addition (2) the angular derivative of the solution becomes zero where the sonic and shock boundaries meet.
Principal Component Analysis of Molecular Clouds: Can CO reveal the dynamics?

We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to study the gas dynamics in numerical simulations of typical MCs. Our simulations account for the non-isothermal nature of the gas and include a simplified treatment of the time-dependent gas chemistry. We model the CO line emission in a post-processing step using a 3D radiative transfer code. We consider mean number densities n_0 = 30, 100, 300 cm^{-3} that span the range of values typical for MCs in the solar neighbourhood and investigate the slope \alpha_{PCA} of the pseudo structure function computed by PCA for several components: the total density, H2 density, 12CO density, 12CO J = 1 -> 0 intensity and 13CO J = 1 -> 0 intensity. We estimate power-law indices \alpha_{PCA} for different chemical species that range from 0.5 to 0.9, in good agreement with observations, and demonstrate that optical depth effects can influence the PCA. We show that when the PCA succeeds, the combination of chemical inhomogeneity and radiative transfer effects can influence the observed PCA slopes by as much as ~ +/- 0.1. The method can fail if the CO distribution is very intermittent, e.g. in low-density clouds where CO is confined to small fragments.
Flavor Classification/Categorization and Differential Toxicity of Oral Nicotine Pouches (ONPs) in Oral Gingival Epithelial Cells and Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are a modern form of smokeless tobacco products sold by several brands in the U.S., which comprise a significant portion of non-combustible nicotine-containing product (NCNP) sales to date. ONPs are available in various flavors and may contain either tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) or tobacco-free nicotine (TFN). The growth in popularity of these products has raised concerns that flavored ONPs may cause adverse oral health effects and promote systemic toxic effects due to nicotine and other ONP by-products being absorbed into the circulatory system through oral mucosa. We hypothesized that flavored ONPs are unsafe and likely to cause oral and pulmonary inflammation in oral and respiratory epithelial cells. Before analyzing the effects of ONPs, we first classified ONPs sold in the U.S. based on their flavor and the flavor category to which they belonged using a wheel diagram. Human gingival epithelial cells (HGEP) were treated with flavored ONP extracts of tobacco (original, smooth), menthol (wintergreen and cool cider), and fruit flavor (americana and citrus), each from the TDN and TFN groups. The levels of ONP-induced inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) by ELISA, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by CellRox Green, and cytotoxicity by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay in HGEP cells were assessed. Flavored ONP extracts elicited differential toxicities in a dose- and extract-dependent manner in HGEP cells 24 h post-treatment. Both fruit TDN and TFN extracts resulted in the greatest cytotoxicity. Tobacco- and fruit-flavored, but not menthol-flavored, ONPs resulted in increased ROS production 4 h post-treatment. Flavored ONPs led to differential cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) which varied by flavor (menthol, tobacco, or fruit) and nicotine (TDN vs. TFN) 24 h post-treatment. Menthol-flavored ONPs led to the most significant TNF-α release; fruit TFN resulted in the most significant IL-6 release; and fruit TDN and tobacco TFN led to the highest release of IL-8. Subsequently, human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE and BEAS-2B) were also treated with flavored ONP extracts, and similar assays were evaluated. Here, the lowest concentration treatments displayed increased cytotoxicity. The most striking response was observed among cells treated with spearmint and tobacco flavored ONPs. Our data suggest that flavored ONPs are unsafe and likely to cause systemic and local toxicological responses during chronic usage.
Including van der Waals Forces in Diffusion-Convection Equations - Modeling, Analysis, and Numerical Simulations

This paper presents a model of van der Waals forces in the framework of diffusion-convection equations. The model consists of a nonlinear and degenerated diffusion-convection equation, which furthermore can be considered as a model for slow perikinetic coagulation. For the analytical investigation, we transform the model to a porous medium equation, which provides us access to the comprehensive analytical results for porous medium equations. Additionally, this transformation reveals a new application for porous medium equations. Eventually, we present numerical simulations of the model by solving the porous medium equation. We note that we solve the porous medium equation without any further regularization, which is often applied in this context.
Reynolds transport theorem for smooth deformations of currents on manifolds

The Reynolds transport theorem for the rate of change of an integral over an evolving domain is generalized. For a manifold B, a differentiable motion m of B in the manifold S , an r-current T in B, and the sequence of images m(t) ♯ T of the current under the motion, we consider the rate of change of the action of the images on a smooth r-form in S . The essence of the resulting computations is that the derivative operator is represented by the dual of the Lie derivative operation on smooth forms.
Multipartite Generating Functions and Infinite Products for Quantum Invariants

We show that multipartite generation functions can be written in terms of the Bell polynomials (known as Fa\`a di Bruno's formula) and the Ruelle spectral functions, whose spectrum is encoded in the Patterson-Selberg function of the hyperbolic three-geometry. We derive an infinite-product formula for the Chern-Simons partition functions and analyze appropriate q-series which leads to the construction of knot invariants. With the help of the Ruelle spectral functions symmetric and modular properties in infinite-product structure can be described.
Less Typical Courses of Rhodococcus equi Infections in Foals

Simple Summary For decades, Rhodococcus equi infections remain one of the most common causes of death in foals before weaning, coming from endemic studs. The pathogen can create many problems other than its classical form—pneumonia. Such issues are described in the clinical cases presented in this paper. The first case concerns the potential contribution of rhodococcal infection to a grave outcome in a prematurely born foal lost as a yearling. Another presents so-called “extrapulmonary disorders” (EPD) and a theory of inherited immunodeficiency in a breeding dam line from one stud. The third case is connected with a suspected atypical location of the pulmonary abscess. The last example is associated with drug-induced anhidrosis. These clinical pictures may be considered rare or interesting and worth presenting in a scientific report. Abstract This article aims to present several interesting and less typical courses of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals, collected during the 2019–2021 foaling seasons in some Polish studs. The study was conducted by the Division of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, and concentrated on ultrasonographic contribution to diagnostics and treatment of the disease. Among many standard cases of rhodococcal pneumonia, some rare ones occurred. The aforementioned issues include the potential contribution of rhodococcal infection to a grave outcome in a prematurely born filly, lost as a yearling, so-called “extrapulmonary disorders” (EPD), a hypothesis of inherited immunodeficiency with grave outcome in a breeding dam line from one stud, and macrolide-induced anhidrosis. The main benefit of this report would be to supplement the general picture of clinical rhodococcosis.
The ℤ2 index of disordered topological insulators with time reversal symmetry

We study disordered topological insulators with time reversal symmetry. Relying on the noncommutative index theorem which relates the Chern number to the projection onto the Fermi sea and the magnetic flux operator, we give a precise definition of the ℤ2 index which is a noncommutative analogue of the Atiyah-Singer ℤ2 index. We prove that the noncommutative ℤ2 index is robust against any time reversal symmetric perturbation including disorder potentials as long as the spectral gap at the Fermi level does not close.
Absence of percolation for Poisson outdegree-one graphs

A Poisson outdegree-one graph is an oriented graph based on a Poisson point process such that each vertex has only one outgoing edge. The paper focuses on the absence of percolation for such graphs. Our main result is based on two assumptions. The Shield assumption ensures that the graph is locally determined with possible random horizons. The Loop assumption ensures that any forward branch of the graph merges on a loop provided that the Poisson point process is augmented with a finite collection of well-chosen points. Several models satisfy these general assumptions and inherit in consequence the finite cluster property. In particular, we solve in Theorem 3.1 a conjecture by Daley et al. on the absence of percolation for the line-segment model (Conjecture 7.1 of [3], discussed in [6] as well). In this planar model, a segment is growing from any point of the Poisson process and stops its growth whenever it hits another segment. The random directions are picked independently and uniformly on the unit disk. Another model of geometric navigation is presented and also fulfills the Shield and Loop assumptions (Theorem 3.2).
On $C^0$ Interior Penalty Method for Fourth Order Dirichlet Boundary Control Problem and an Alternative Error Analysis for Elliptic Cahn-Hilliard Equation

We revisit the energy space based Dirichlet boundary control problem governed by biharmonic equation investigated in \cite{CHOWDHURYDGcontrol2015}. The $L_{2}$ norm estimate in \cite{CHOWDHURYDGcontrol2015} is derived under an extra regularity assumption on the optimal control which is guaranteed if the interior angles of the domain are less than $120^{o}$, which is quite restrictive in nature. In this paper we have extended this interior angle condition upto $180^{o}$ $i. \;e. $ now this analysis applies to any convex domain. Additionally, we propose a new approach for deriving error estimates for Cahn-Hilliard equation of elliptic type under minimal regularity assumption, for $C^{0}$ interior penalty method.
Rapid polynomial approximation on Stein manifolds

In this paper we generalize to a certain class of Stein manifolds the Bernstein-Walsh-Siciak theorem which describes the equivalence between possible holomorphic continuation of a function $f$ defined on a compact set $K$ in $\mathbb{C}^N$ to the rapidity of the best uniform approximation of $f$ on $K$ by polynomials. We also generalize Winiarski's theorem which relates the growth rate of an entire function $f$ on $\mathbb{C}^N$ to its best uniform approximation by polynomials on a compact set.
Instability of toroidal nematics

ABSTRACT Toroidal nematics are nematic liquid crystals confined within a circular torus and subject to planar degenerate anchoring on the boundary of the torus. They may be droplets floating in an isotropic environment or cavities carved out of a solid substrate. A universal solution of Frank’s elastic free energy is an equilibrium configuration for the nematic director field, irrespective of the values of the elastic constants, whose vector lines are the coaxial parallels of the torus. We explore the local stability of this configuration and identify a range of parameters where the main drive towards instability does not come from the surface-like elastic constant being large, but from the ratio of the twist to bend elastic constants being small, which also makes our study relevant to chromonic liquid crystals. Graphical Abstract
Auto-NFT: Automated Network Function Translator in Virtualized Programmable Data Plane

Programmable data plane (PDP) virtualization is a novel technique that enables multiple instances to be supported on a programmable switch. Conventional hypervisor-based virtualization approaches require the hypervisor installation and manual embedding of network functions (NFs), which increases the complexity of PDP virtualization significantly. To address this problem, we propose an automated NF translator (Auto-NFT) that automatically generates and manages the flow rules for a given NF. In this article, we first present background information about the programmable switch and its virtualization. We then describe the design and provide implementation details of Auto-NFT, which was implemented over a commercial programmable switch. The experimental results demonstrate that Auto-NFT outperforms conventional approaches and shows near-optimal performance in terms of the NF embedding success rate and packet processing latency.