Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Example of Multithreads Programming using Aspect Orientation Framework

As software engineering moves into its fourth decade, system software suffers from many of the strengths and some of the frailties that are experienced by humans. Software engineering approaches its midlife with many accomplishments already achieved, but with significant work yet to do. Aspect-oriented models have shown to be an effective means of capturing and communicating system software design. However, there are more models than software design models: We believe that aspect oriented models work for system software development on several aspects. In this paper, we explore what we have come to understand as crucial aspects of an extensible and adaptable model for system software. We present an extensible and adaptable model in which system software is decomposed into a set of architectural abstractions. A design pattern is described that supports the separation of concerns among the components of the abstractions. The proposed model provides a formal methodology for the architectural design and specification of system software. Key-Words: Aspect Orientation, Adaptability, Extensibility, Framework, and System Software.
Critical Care Medicine in the United States: Addressing the Intensivist Shortage and Image of the Specialty*

Intensivists are increasingly needed to care for the critically ill and manage ICUs as ICU beds, utilization, acuity of illness, complexity of care and costs continue to rise. However, there is a nationwide shortage of intensivists that has occurred despite years of well publicized warnings of an impending workforce crisis from specialty societies and the federal government. The magnitude of the intensivist shortfall, however, is difficult to determine because there are many perspectives of optimal ICU administration, patient coverage and intensivist availability and a lack of national data on intensivist practices. Nevertheless, the intensivist shortfall is quite real as evidenced by the alternative solutions that hospitals are deploying to provide care for their critically ill patients. In the midst of these manpower struggles, the critical care environment is dynamically changing and becoming more stressful. Severe hospital bed availability and fiscal constraints are forcing ICUs to alter their approaches to triage, throughput and unit staffing. National and local organizations are mandating that hospitals comply with resource intensive and arguably unproven initiatives to monitor and improve patient safety and quality, and informatics systems. Lastly, there is an ongoing sense of professional dissatisfaction among intensivists and a lack of public awareness that critical care medicine is even a distinct specialty. This article offers proposals to increase the adult intensivist workforce through expansion and enhancements of internal medicine based critical care training programs, incentives for recent graduates to enter the critical care medicine field, suggestions for improvements in the critical care profession and workplace to encourage senior intensivists to remain in the field, proactive marketing of critical care, and expanded engagement by the critical care societies in the challenges facing intensivists.
Relationship Between the Envelope and the Infectivity of Herpes Simplex Virus.∗

Summary Crude herpes virus suspensions were fractionated by the cesium chloride density gradient sedimentation method into enveloped and naked virus particles. Particles without envelopes were found to be almost non-infectious, whereas fractions containing enveloped particles were highly infectious. It appears, therefore, that the envelope plays an essential role in herpes virus infection. The writer is pleased to acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Melvin Trousdale.
Multiple information fusion indoor location algorithm based on WIFI and improved PDR

Considering the fact that received signal strength of WIFI is vulnerable to environment that caused the low accuracy of location, a multi-information fusion indoor location algorithm based on WIFI and improved pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the WIFI location is used to get initial position. Then, the precise position is further calculated by the improved PDR algorithm based on the initial position. In the PDR algorithm, an adaptive step detection based on time window and dynamic threshold is used to count the steps. Finally, the extended Kalman filtering algorithm is used to fuse the results of WIFI location and improved PDR location. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm have higher accuracy and better stability compared with WIFI and PDR location.
A Drosophila model for TDP-43 proteinopathy

Neuropathology involving TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) has been identified in a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases collectively named as TDP-43 proteinopathy, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD). To test whether increased expression of wide-type human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) may cause neurotoxicity in vivo, we generated transgenic flies expressing hTDP-43 in various neuronal subpopulations. Expression in the fly eyes of the full-length hTDP-43, but not a mutant lacking its amino-terminal domain, led to progressive loss of ommatidia with remarkable signs of neurodegeneration. Expressing hTDP-43 in mushroom bodies (MBs) resulted in dramatic axon losses and neuronal death. Furthermore, hTDP-43 expression in motor neurons led to axon swelling, reduction in axon branches and bouton numbers, and motor neuron loss together with functional deficits. Thus, our transgenic flies expressing hTDP-43 recapitulate important neuropathological and clinical features of human TDP-43 proteinopathy, providing a powerful animal model for this group of devastating diseases. Our study indicates that simply increasing hTDP-43 expression is sufficient to cause neurotoxicity in vivo, suggesting that aberrant regulation of TDP-43 expression or decreased clearance of hTDP-43 may contribute to the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Reference points for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) harvest rates and escapement goals based on freshwater production

We describe a simple scheme for the management of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population aggre- gates that uses reference points derived from an empirical analysis of freshwater production data. We fit a rectilinear "hockey stick" model to 14 historical data sets of female spawner abundance and resulting smolt production and found that at low spawner abundance, the average productivity was about 85 smolts per female spawner. Variation in produc- tivity among streams may be related to the quality of the stream habitat. We show how freshwater productivity can be combined with forecasts of marine survival to provide a limit reference point harvest rate. Our method will permit har - vest rates to track changes in ocean productivity. We also used the historical data to estimate that, on average, a den - sity of 19 female spawners·km -1 is required to fully seed freshwater habitats with juveniles. However, there was considerable variation among the streams that might limit the utility of this measure as a reference point. Uncertainty in the forecasts of marine survival and other parameters needs to be incorporated into our scheme before it can be con- sidered a precautionary approach. Resume : Nous decrivons un systeme simple de gestion de groupes de populations de saumon coho (Oncorhynchus ki- sutch) qui utilise des valeurs de reference etablies a partir d'une analyse empirique des donnees de production en eau douce. Nous avons ajuste un modele rectilineaire en « bâton de hocke y»a1 4ensembles de donnees historiques sur l'abondance des genitrices et la production connexe de smolts, modele qui a montre que lorsque l'abondance de geni- trices est faible, la productivite moyenne etait d'environ 85 smolts par genitrice. La variation de la productivite d'un cours d'eau a l'autre pourrait etre liee a la qualite des habitats fluviaux. Nous montrons comment la productivite en eau douce peut etre combinee avec les previsions de la survie en mer pour produire un taux de recolte correspondant a une valeur de reference limite. Notre methode permettra de faire en sorte que les taux de recolte refletent les change- ments dans la productivite oceanique. Au moyen des donnees historiques, nous avons aussi estime qu'en moyenne il faut une densite de 19 genitrices·km -1 pour faire le plein de juveniles dans les habitats dulcicoles. Cependant, une va- riation considerable entre les cours d'eau pourrait limiter l'utilite de cette mesure comme valeur de reference. L'incertitude des previsions de la survie en mer et d'autres parametres doit etre integree a notre systeme avant qu'il puisse etre considere comme obeissant au principe de precaution.
Re-evaluation of dioxygenase gene phylogeny for the development and validation of a quantitative assay for environmental aromatic hydrocarbon degraders

Rieske non-heme iron oxygenases enzymes have been widely studied, as they catalyse essential reactions initiating the bacterial degradation of organic compounds, for instance aromatic hydrocarbons. The genes encoding these enzymes offer a potential target for studying aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading organisms in the environment. However, previously reported primer sets that target dioxygenase gene sequences or the common conserved Rieske centre of aromatics dioxygenases have limited specificity and/or target non-dioxygenase genes. In this work, an extensive database of dioxygenase α-subunit gene sequences was constructed, and primer sets targeting the conserved Rieske centre were developed. The high specificity of the primers was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis, agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were also developed and optimized, following MIQE guidelines (Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments). Comparison of the qPCR quantification of dioxygenases in spiked sediment samples and in pure cultures demonstrated an underestimation of the Ct value, and the requirement for a correction factor at gene abundances below 108 gene copies per g of sediment. Externally validated qPCR provides a valuable tool to monitor aromatic hydrocarbon degrader population abundances at contaminated sites.
Single-cell gene expression profiling reveals functional heterogeneity of undifferentiated human epidermal cells

Human epidermal stem cells express high levels of β1 integrins, delta-like 1 (DLL1) and the EGFR antagonist LRIG1. However, there is cell-to-cell variation in the relative abundance of DLL1 and LRIG1 mRNA transcripts. Single-cell global gene expression profiling showed that undifferentiated cells fell into two clusters delineated by expression of DLL1 and its binding partner syntenin. The DLL1+ cluster had elevated expression of genes associated with endocytosis, integrin-mediated adhesion and receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Differentially expressed genes were not independently regulated, as overexpression of DLL1 alone or together with LRIG1 led to the upregulation of other genes in the DLL1+ cluster. Overexpression of DLL1 and LRIG1 resulted in enhanced extracellular matrix adhesion and increased caveolin-dependent EGFR endocytosis. Further characterisation of CD46, one of the genes upregulated in the DLL1+ cluster, revealed it to be a novel cell surface marker of human epidermal stem cells. Cells with high endogenous levels of CD46 expressed high levels of β1 integrin and DLL1 and were highly adhesive and clonogenic. Knockdown of CD46 decreased proliferative potential and β1 integrin-mediated adhesion. Thus, the previously unknown heterogeneity revealed by our studies results in differences in the interaction of undifferentiated basal keratinocytes with their environment.
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Disrupted Action Perception in Autism: Behavioral Evidence, Neuroendophenotypes, and Diagnostic Utility

Disruptions in the visual perception of biological motion are emerging as a hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), consistent with the pathognomonic social deficits of this neurodevelopmental disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests an early and marked divergence in ASD from the typical developmental tuning of brain regions to process social information. In this review, we discuss a relatively recent yet substantial literature of behav-ioral and neuroimaging studies that consistently indicates impairments in biological motion perception in ASD. We then illustrate the fundamental disruption in this form of social perception in autism, drawing connections between a genetic liability to develop autism and disrupted associated brain mechanisms, as we describe neuroendophenotypes of autism derived from an fMRI study of biological motion perception in children with autism and their unaffected siblings. Finally, we demonstrate the diagnostic utility of brain responses to biological motion. With the ability to measure brain function in the first year of life comes the potential to chart the development of disrupted biological motion processing in ASD and to specify the gene–brain–behavior interactions shaping this atypical trajectory. We propose that a comprehensive understanding of the development of impaired responses to biological motion in ASD can inform future diagnosis and treatment approaches.
Short term hydrothermal coordination in the presence of price-responsive loads

This paper is concerned with the representation of price-responsive loads in the short term coordination of predominantly hydroelectric hydrothermal systems. The proposed approach allows the representation of cross- relationships between demand and price during different dispatch intervals of a given time horizon. Also, consumer energy constraints which behave as dynamic restrictions can be taken into account. By that means, a load shifting program in which the consumers' overall energy consumption remains constant throughout the time horizon can be simulated. The short term hydrothermal coordination is solved as a single optimization problem employing the primal-dual interior point method. A 32- bus equivalent system of the Southern Brazil Interconnected Power System is used to illustrate the effect of price-responsive loads on reservoir storages.
Intravascular transfer contributes to postprandial increase in numbers of very-low-density hepatitis C virus particles.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The physical association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles with lipoproteins in plasma results in distribution of HCV in a broad range of buoyant densities. This association is thought to increase virion infectivity by mediating cell entry via lipoprotein receptors. We sought to determine if factors that affect triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) metabolism alter the density and dynamics of HCV particles in the plasma of patients with chronic HCV infection. METHODS Fasting patients (n = 10) consumed a high-fat milkshake; plasma was collected and fractionated by density gradients. HCV- RNA was measured in the very-low-density fraction (VLDF, d < 1.025 g/mL) before and at 7 serial time points postprandially. RESULTS The amount of HCV RNA in the VLDF (HCV(VLDF)) increased a mean of 26-fold, peaking 180 minutes after the meal (P < .01). Quantification of HCV RNA throughout the density gradient fractions revealed that HCV(VLDF) rapidly disappeared, rather than migrating into the adjacent density fraction. Immuno-affinity separation of the VLDF, using antibodies that recognize apolipoprotein B-100 and not apolipoprotein B-48, showed that HCV(VLDF) is composed of chylomicron- and VLDL-associated HCV particles; peaking 120 and 180 minutes after the meal, respectively. Plasma from fasting HCV-infected patients mixed with uninfected plasma increased the quantity of HCV(VLDF), compared with that mixed with phosphate-buffered saline, showing extracellular assembly of HCV(VLDF). CONCLUSIONS Dietary triglyceride alters the density and dynamics of HCV in plasma. The rapid clearance rate of HCV(VLDF) indicates that association with TRL is important for HCV infectivity. HCV particles, such as exchangeable apolipoproteins, appear to reassociate with TRLs in the vascular compartment.
Identification of Novel Surface-Exposed Proteins of Rickettsia rickettsii by Affinity Purification and Proteomics

Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is the most pathogenic member among Rickettsia spp. Surface-exposed proteins (SEPs) of R. rickettsii may play important roles in its pathogenesis or immunity. In this study, R. rickettsii organisms were surface-labeled with sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin and the labeled proteins were affinity-purified with streptavidin. The isolated proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, and 10 proteins were identified among 23 protein spots by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Five (OmpA, OmpB, GroEL, GroES, and a DNA-binding protein) of the 10 proteins were previously characterized as surface proteins of R. rickettsii. Another 5 proteins (Adr1, Adr2, OmpW, Porin_4, and TolC) were first recognized as SEPs of R. rickettsii herein. The genes encoding the 5 novel SEPs were expressed in Escherichia coli cells, resulting in 5 recombinant SEPs (rSEPs), which were used to immunize mice. After challenge with viable R. rickettsii cells, the rickettsial load in the spleen, liver, or lung of mice immunized with rAdr2 and in the lungs of mice immunized with other rSEPs excluding rTolC was significantly lower than in mice that were mock-immunized with PBS. The in vitro neutralization test revealed that sera from mice immunized with rAdr1, rAdr2, or rOmpW reduced R. rickettsii adherence to and invasion of vascular endothelial cells. The immuno-electron microscopic assay clearly showed that the novel SEPs were located in the outer and/or inner membrane of R. rickettsii. Altogether, the 5 novel SEPs identified herein might be involved in the interaction of R. rickettsii with vascular endothelial cells, and all of them except TolC were protective antigens.
Effects of bottom ash and granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate on abrasion resistance of concrete

Abstract Abrasion resistance is one of the most important durability properties of concrete. Especially, highway, airport and industrial floor pavements should be resistant to abrasion. Recently, many research studies have been carried out on the utilization of industrial by-products in concrete. Granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) and bottom ash (BA) are two of these by-products. BA is not generally utilized in concrete and has a limited usage. It is mostly dumped, leading to additional costs and environmental problems. On the other hand, both GBFS and BA have potential for concrete production to provide sustainability. They can substitute fine aggregate thanks to their positive effects on concrete durability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the abrasion resistance of concretes produced with GBFS and BA substituting fine aggregate. Three different concrete series were produced by replacing fine aggregate with GBFS, BA and both of them by mixing them at equal ratios. The replacement ratios of by-products were 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% by volume. Compressive strength and Bohme abrasion tests were conducted on series. Results were compared to each other. It can be said that abrasion resistance can be improved by these by-products.
A novel occlusion-adaptive object tracking method

In conventional object tracking methods, much attention has been paid to tracking efficiency, but they often failed in tracking an occluded object. In this paper, we present a new method to improve the occlusion adaptability and tracking robustness. This proposed algorithm covers the occlusion-adaptive particle filter (OAPF) framework, which employs the adaptive state transition model to detect occlusions by a first-order histogram difference dynamic algorithm accurately and simply. Thus, when partial or complete occlusions occur, it can detect interrupted state transition to realize persistent tracking. In addition, tracking robustness is also upgraded via adaptive Gaussian noise coefficient model in particle propagation. Finally, we emphasize that the computing complexity of OAPF is evidently decreased by reducing the particle number in execution. As a result, this simple and effective occlusion-adaptive tracking method has been demonstrated through several real-time sequences.
Discrete Concavity and the Half-Plane Property

Murota et al. have recently developed a theory of discrete convex analysis which concerns $M$-convex functions on jump systems. We introduce here a family of $M$-concave functions arising naturally from polynomials (over a field of generalized Puiseux series) with prescribed nonvanishing properties. This family contains several of the most well studied $M$-concave functions in the literature. In the language of tropical geometry, we study the tropicalization of the space of polynomials with the half-plane property and show that it is strictly contained in the space of $M$-concave functions. We also provide a short proof of Speyer's “hive theorem” which he used to give a new proof of Horn's conjecture on eigenvalues of sums of Hermitian matrices.
A variable structure controller for a class of hyper-redundant arms

The paper treats the control problem of a class of hyper-redundant robot constituted by a chain of continuum segments. The technological model basis is a central, long and thin, highly flexible and elastic backbone. The driving system is a decoupled one. The main parameters of the arm control are determined by the curvature and curvature gradient. The dynamic model is inferred. A sliding mode control system is used in order to achieve a desired shape of the arm. The stability of the closed loop control system is proven. Numerical simulations are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the presented approach.
In God we trust? Neural measures reveal lower social conformity among non-religious individuals

Abstract Even in predominantly religious societies, there are substantial individual differences in religious commitment. Why is this? One possibility is that differences in social conformity (i.e. the tendency to think and behave as others do) underlie inclination towards religiosity. However, the link between religiosity and conformity has not yet been directly examined. In this study, we tested the notion that non-religious individuals show dampened social conformity, using both self-reported and neural (EEG-based ERPs) measures of sensitivity to others’ influence. Non-religious vs religious undergraduate subjects completed an experimental task that assessed levels of conformity in a domain unrelated to religion (i.e. in judgments of facial attractiveness). Findings showed that, although both groups yielded to conformity pressures at the self-report level, non-religious individuals did not yield to such pressures in their neural responses. These findings highlight a novel link between religiosity and social conformity, and hold implications for prominent theories about the psychological functions of religion.