Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test Interpretation in Vocational Counseling

THERE are two aspects t o the problems of test interpretation: (1) the presentation of test results and their predictive possibilities in a manner which is understandable to the client, and (2) methodology of dealing with the client in order to facilitate his use of this information. The ultimate goal of vocational guidance is not only accurate prediction but also optimal use of the prediction by the client. It is in this respect that vocational guidance differs most from personnel selection. Vocational counseling as a process has not received a great deal of attention in the literature. Neither formal discussions nor case records provide the,counselor with an understanding of how the counseling process develops. The usual case record merely states “Tests were interpreted. ” There has been no scientific study of various counseling procedures and their effectiveness when tests are introduced into the process. However, it is only through the evaluation of counseling processes that we shall be able to improve the more subjective skills involved in dealing with client motivation-the factor which facilitates or handicaps his use of job information, test data, and academic planning. Test interpretation seems to fall into two broad categories: one involves the opinion of the counselor as well as the data; the other deals with the prediction alone. Examples have been taken from case records to illustrate each approach.
Abstraction-based probabilistic models for sequence classification

ion-Based Probabilistic Models for Sequence Classification Cornelia Caragea Thesis Defense Committee Members: Vasant Honavar, Major Professor Drena Dobbs David Fernandez-Baca Leslie Miller Jin Tian Research funded by a National Science Foundation grant (IIS0711356) to Vasant Honavar Real World Applications Bioinformatics: protein localization? · · · PVKLKPGMDGPKVKQWPLTEEKIKALVEIC· · · Text Analysis: topic? “Perhaps more than anyone, Steven Jobs has come to define the global digital culture at the outset of the 21st century. " (The New York Times, Nov. 2009) Image Analysis: scene?
Structure and Dynamics of Interphase Chromosomes

During interphase chromosomes decondense, but fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments reveal the existence of distinct territories occupied by individual chromosomes inside the nuclei of most eukaryotic cells. We use computer simulations to show that the existence and stability of territories is a kinetic effect that can be explained without invoking an underlying nuclear scaffold or protein-mediated interactions between DNA sequences. In particular, we show that the experimentally observed territory shapes and spatial distances between marked chromosome sites for human, Drosophila, and budding yeast chromosomes can be reproduced by a parameter-free minimal model of decondensing chromosomes. Our results suggest that the observed interphase structure and dynamics are due to generic polymer effects: confined Brownian motion conserving the local topological state of long chain molecules and segregation of mutually unentangled chains due to topological constraints.
Variability in Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control Processes Across the Adult Lifespan

Task-switching paradigms produce a highly consistent age-related increase in mixing cost [longer response time (RT) on repeat trials in mixed-task than single-task blocks] but a less consistent age effect on switch cost (longer RT on switch than repeat trials in mixed-task blocks). We use two approaches to examine the adult lifespan trajectory of control processes contributing to mixing cost and switch cost: latent variables derived from an evidence accumulation model of choice, and event-related potentials (ERP) that temporally differentiate proactive (cue-driven) and reactive (target-driven) control processes. Under highly practiced and prepared task conditions, aging was associated with increasing RT mixing cost but reducing RT switch cost. Both effects were largely due to the same cause: an age effect for mixed-repeat trials. In terms of latent variables, increasing age was associated with slower non-decision processes, slower rate of evidence accumulation about the target, and higher response criterion. Age effects on mixing costs were evident only on response criterion, the amount of evidence required to trigger a decision, whereas age effects on switch cost were present for all three latent variables. ERPs showed age-related increases in preparation for mixed-repeat trials, anticipatory attention, and post-target interference. Cue-locked ERPs that are linked to proactive control were associated with early emergence of age differences in response criterion. These results are consistent with age effects on strategic processes controlling decision caution. Consistent with an age-related decline in cognitive flexibility, younger adults flexibly adjusted response criterion from trial-to-trial on mixed-task blocks, whereas older adults maintained a high criterion for all trials.
NEUTRAL NULL MODELS FOR DIVERSITY IN SERIAL TRANSFER EVOLUTION EXPERIMENTS

Evolution experiments with microorganisms coupled with genome‐wide sequencing now allow for the systematic study of population genetic processes under a wide range of conditions. In learning about these processes in natural, sexual populations, neutral models that describe the behavior of diversity and divergence summaries have played a pivotal role. It is therefore natural to ask whether neutral models, suitably modified, could be useful in the context of evolution experiments. Here, we introduce coalescent models for polymorphism and divergence under the most common experimental evolution assay, a serial transfer experiment. This relatively simple setting allows us to address several issues that could affect diversity patterns in evolution experiments, whether selection is operating or not: the transient behavior of neutral polymorphism in an experiment beginning from a single clone, the effects of randomness in the timing of cell division and noisiness in population size in the dilution stage. In our analyses and discussion, we emphasize the implications for experiments aimed at measuring diversity patterns and making inferences about population genetic processes based on these measurements.
Cost and patency rate targets for the development of endovascular devices to treat femoropopliteal arterial disease.

PURPOSE To determine the criteria that would make use of an endovascular device cost-effective compared with bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of femoropopliteal arterial disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A decision model was developed to compare treatment with the use of a hypothetical endovascular device with established therapies. Cost-effectiveness from the perspective of the health care system was considered. Outcome measures were lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years. With the use of net health benefit calculations and threshold analysis, combinations of costs and patency rates were determined that would make the device cost-effective compared with established therapies. In subgroup and sensitivity analyses, the effect on decision-making of sex, age, indication, lesion type, procedural risk, and society's willingness to pay for incremental gain in health were explored. RESULTS Use of a device that costs $3,000 would be cost-effective compared with bypass surgery for critical ischemia if the 5-year patency rate is 29%-46%. Use of the same device would be cost-effective compared with angioplasty for disabling claudication and stenosis if the 5-year patency rate is 69%-86%. CONCLUSION The target combinations of costs and patency rates found in this study are probably attainable, and further development of such endovascular devices seems warranted.
Quality factor of an electrically small antenna radiating close to a conducting plane

Expressions are derived for the smallest achievable radiation quality factor (Q) of an electrically small antenna in front of a conducting plane. Applying the low-frequency approximation to the source region involving an electric or a magnetic point dipole plus their images behind the plane, an expression is formed for the field in the radiation zone. The contribution of non-propagating energy in the near field is obtained explicitly using a spherical harmonics decomposition. The radiation Q is found to depend on the radius (relative to wavelength) of the smallest sphere that encloses the antenna and its image, the ratio of the vertical and horizontal dipole moments, as well as the positions of the dipoles relative to each other and to the plane. A number of simple wire structures are analysed with NEC (based on the method of moments), and the approximate Q obtained from their fractional bandwidth are compared to the corresponding theoretical minima.
Initiation of chemical studies on the immunoreactive glycolipids of adult Ascaris suum

SUMMARY There is a general lack of basic information concerning one class of glycoconjugate, the glycolipids, from parasitic nematodes. As the prototype, the neutral glycolipid fraction derived from adult males of Ascaris suum was investigated as to its chromatographic, differential chemical staining, antigenic and chemical properties. The thin-layer chromato-graphy-resolved neutral fraction glycolipids could be classified into components of fast and slow migrating band groups. Immunoreactivity was restricted to the latter as detected by IgG and IgM anti-neutral fraction glycolipid antibody levels in serial infection sera of mice. Similarities of chromatography, antigenicity and serological cross-reactivity have been extended to the neutral glycolipid fractions of other parasitic nematodes: Litomosoides carinii and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Chemical, differential chemical staining and enzymatic analyses identified the Ascaris suum antigenic, slow migrating band group of components as amphoteric glycosphingolipids, and not the originally hypothesized glyco-glycerolipids or glycosylphosphatidylinositols, that contained typical neutral monosaccharide constituents and a zwitter-ionic phosphodiester linkage, most probably phosphocholine. Glycosphingolipid-immunoreactivity is eliminated on cleavage of the zwitterionic phosphodiester linkage by hydrofluoric acid treatment.
Academic Performance of First-Generation College Students with Disabilities

Students with disabilities are attending postsecondary school in increasing numbers (Newman, Wagner, Cameto, & Knokey, 2009). Recent estimates suggest that as many as 1 in 10 college students have some type of apparent (e.g., mobility impairments) or nonapparent (e.g., learning disability) disability. College students with disabilities have lower retention rates, take longer to complete degrees, and have lower degree completion rates than do their peers without disabilities (Horn, Berktold, & Bobbit, 1999; Murray, Goldstein, Nourse, & Edgar, 2000; Wessel, Jones, Markle, & Westfall, 2009). Thus, students with disabilities face a number of significant challenges adjusting to postsecondary school and have unique transition needs (Brinckerhoff, 1996; Sitlington, 2003). In addition to serving a greater number of students with disabilities, many colleges and universities are also experiencing an influx of “first-generation” college students (X. Chen, 2005). Many first-generation students are less academically prepared than are continuing-generation students when entering postsecondary educational environments (Reid & Moore, 2008; Strayhorn, 2006; Watt, Johnston, Huerta, Mediola, & Alkan, 2008). Once admitted, firstgeneration college students have lower college persistence and attainment rates than do their continuing-generation peers, and these effects hold even after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES), institution type, and attendance status (Choy, 2001; Lohfink & Paulsen, 2005; Nunez & CuccaroAlamin, 1998). Moreover, first-generation college students often face unique familial, cultural, and social transitions that may make the transition to, and completion of, postsecondary school challenging (Ishitani, 2003; Strayhorn, 2006). The current investigation was undertaken in light of growing evidence that disability status and first-generation status are factors that place a student at risk of experiencing difficulties adapting to and completing postsecondary school. Although both of these student characteristics are indicative of risk in isolation, we were interested in developing further understanding about the dual challenge, or cumulative risk, associated with having a disability and being a firstgeneration college student.
DBpedia: A Multilingual Cross-domain Knowledge Base

The DBpedia project extracts structured information from Wikipedia editions in 97 different languages and combines this information into a large multi-lingual knowledge base covering many specific domains and general world knowledge. The knowledge base contains textual descriptions (titles and abstracts) of concepts in up to 97 languages. It also contains structured knowledge that has been extracted from the infobox systems of Wikipedias in 15 different languages and is mapped onto a single consistent ontology by a community effort. The knowledge base can be queried using the SPARQL query language and all its data sets are freely available for download. In this paper, we describe the general DBpedia knowledge base and as well as the DBpedia data sets that specifically aim at supporting computational linguistics tasks. These task include Entity Linking, Word Sense Disambiguation, Question Answering, Slot Filling and Relationship Extraction. These use cases are outlined, pointing at added value that the structured data of DBpedia provides.
Not by Chance Alone: My Life as a Social Psychologist

How does a boy from a financially and intellectually impoverished background grow up to become a Harvard researcher, win international acclaim for his groundbreaking work, and catch fire as a pioneering psychologist? As the only person in the history of the American Psychological Association to have won all three of its highest honors--for distinguished research, teaching, and writing-- Elliot Aronson is living proof that humans are capable of capturing the power of the situation and conquering the prison of personality. A personal and compelling look into Aronson's profound contributions to the field of social psychology, Not by Chance Alone is a lifelong story of human potential and the power of social change.
Semantics of Recovery Lines for Backward Recovery in Distributed Systems

This paper addresses the definition of {\it recovery lines} in the context of backward recovery whose aim is to cope with failures in distributed sytems. A general framework that allows for several semantics of recovery lines is introduced. Key notions such as {\it missing messages} and {\it orphan messages} are precisely defined and their impact on the definition of consistency of recovery lines is carefully analyzed. Basic mechanisms such as local checkpointing, messages identification and (optimistic or pessimistic) messages logging are then discussed as an illustration of (coordinated or uncoordinated) checkpointing protocols.
Adult axolotls can regenerate original neuronal diversity in response to brain injury

The axolotl can regenerate multiple organs, including the brain. It remains, however, unclear whether neuronal diversity, intricate tissue architecture, and axonal connectivity can be regenerated; yet, this is critical for recovery of function and a central aim of cell replacement strategies in the mammalian central nervous system. Here, we demonstrate that, upon mechanical injury to the adult pallium, axolotls can regenerate several of the populations of neurons present before injury. Notably, regenerated neurons acquire functional electrophysiological traits and respond appropriately to afferent inputs. Despite the ability to regenerate specific, molecularly-defined neuronal subtypes, we also uncovered previously unappreciated limitations by showing that newborn neurons organize within altered tissue architecture and fail to re-establish the long-distance axonal tracts and circuit physiology present before injury. The data provide a direct demonstration that diverse, electrophysiologically functional neurons can be regenerated in axolotls, but challenge prior assumptions of functional brain repair in regenerative species. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13998. 001
[Expression of caspase-3 in rat kidney with renal tubular damage induced by lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia].

OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of caspase-3 in the kidney of a rat model of renal tubular damage induced by endotoxin and hypoxia and explore the mechanism of renal tubular damage. METHODS Ten rats were anesthetized with artificial ventilation and received 2 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection through the penile vein. The FiO2 was reduced 90 min later from 21% to 5%, and the ventilation was withdrawn after another 90 min. Immediately after ventilation withdrawal, the kidney of the rats were obtained for immunocytochemistry and HE staining. RESULTS HE staining showed obvious hyperemia in most of the glomeruli, mild swelling of the endothelial and mesangial cells, severe swelling and turbidity in the proximal tubular epithelial cells without obvious changes in most of the distal proximal tubules. A small portion of the interstitial epithelial cells showed swelling and turbidity, and the entire renal interstitium appeared hyperemic but without inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunocytochemistry detected the presence of caspase-3 in the cytoplasm, and most of the distal renal tubule cells were positive for caspase-3, while only occasional cells showed caspase-3 positivity in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Most of the proximal tubular epithelial and glomerulus cells were negative for caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS Endotoxin and hypoxia can induce renal damage, particularly in the proximal renal tubule cells, and the distal tubular epithelial cells sustain relatively light damage. Caspase-3 is strongly expressed in the distal renal tubular cells, suggesting that in renal tubular damage induced by endotoxin and hypoxia, cell degeneration, necrosis and apoptosis coexist in the tubular epithelial cells; degeneration and necrosis occur primarily in the proximal tubular epithelial cells, while apoptosis is obvious in the distal renal cells.
A multicentre randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve the accuracy of linear growth measurement

Aims: To evaluate linear growth assessment and the effect of an intervention on measurement accuracy in primary care practices (PCP) within eight US geographical areas. Methods: In this multicentre randomised controlled intervention study, paediatric endocrine nurses as site coordinators (SC) visited 55 randomly assigned PCP to evaluate growth assessment of staff performing linear measurements. SC observed 127 measurers assessing a total of 878 children: 307 (baseline), 282 (3 months), and 289 (6 months). Accuracy was determined by SC re-measuring each child with correct technique and equipment. State of the art equipment and a standardised growth training session were provided to the intervention group (IG) following the baseline visit. SC repeated data collection at all PCP at 3 and 6 months. Results: There were no baseline differences between IG and CG equipment, technique, or accuracy; only 30% of measurements were accurate (⩽0.5 cm from SC). Post-intervention, significantly more IG measurements were accurate: IG = 55%, CG = 37% at 3 months; IG = 70%, CG = 34% at 6 months. Odds ratio of accuracy for IG versus CG was 2.1 at 3 months and 4.5 at 6 months. At 6 months, mean difference from the SC measurements was 0.5 cm in IG and 1.1 cm in CG. Conclusions: In PCP, children are measured inaccurately. Our intervention significantly improved measurement accuracy. Improved accuracy could yield more rapid detection and diagnosis of paediatric growth disorders.
Hand1 phosphoregulation within the distal arch neural crest is essential for craniofacial morphogenesis

In this study we examine the consequences of altering Hand1 phosphoregulation in the developing neural crest cells (NCCs) of mice. Whereas Hand1 deletion in NCCs reveals a nonessential role for Hand1 in craniofacial development and embryonic survival, altering Hand1 phosphoregulation, and consequently Hand1 dimerization affinities, in NCCs results in severe mid-facial clefting and neonatal death. Hand1 phosphorylation mutants exhibit a non-cell-autonomous increase in pharyngeal arch cell death accompanied by alterations in Fgf8 and Shh pathway expression. Together, our data indicate that the extreme distal pharyngeal arch expression domain of Hand1 defines a novel bHLH-dependent activity, and that disruption of established Hand1 dimer phosphoregulation within this domain disrupts normal craniofacial patterning.
p300 Protein Acetyltransferase Activity Suppresses Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Like Autoimmune Disease in Mice1

Conditional knock-in mice expressing a histone acetyltransferase-deficient version of the transcriptional coregulator p300 exclusively in B lymphocytes die prematurely with full penetrance. The mice develop an autoimmune disease similar to systemic lupus erythematosus in its pathological manifestations, such as splenomegaly, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, deposition of immune complexes, and production of autoantibodies against dsDNA. Aged mice show a severe reduction of transitional and marginal zone B cells and generate aberrant mature B cells. These B cells show diminished proliferation in response to stimulation of the BCR, but respond normally to other stimuli. Yet, the mice mount a normal primary immune response against a T-dependent Ag. In contrast, the memory response is impaired. In addition, serum Ig levels, in particular IgG2b, are increased. We conclude that p300 acetyltransferase activity is essential for maintaining self-tolerance of B lymphocytes. These findings support the concept of treating lupus with inhibitors of protein deacetylases and point to B cells as a critical target of these drugs.