Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2004–2016 Wintertime Atmospheric Blocking Events over Western Siberia and Their Effect on Surface Temperature Anomalies

Western Siberia is a large area in Northern Eurasia, which lies between the Urals and the Yenisei River. The atmospheric blocking events are not a frequent phenomenon in this region. Nevertheless, they noticeably affect the weather and living conditions of people there. We have investigated 14 winter blocking events, identified over Western Siberia, over 2004–2016, and have studied their effect on the surface temperature in this region. We have compared each of the 14 blocking events to the corresponding surface temperature anomalies in the north and in the south of Western Siberia. As a result, the temperature anomalies were separated into two groups: (1) dipole, with a positive surface temperature anomaly (or close to the norm) in the north, and with a negative anomaly (or close to the norm) in the south, and (2) non-dipole. Ten events were attributed to Group 1, four events were referred to Group 2. Analyzing the potential temperature on the dynamic tropopause (advection characteristic) showed that the Group 1 events feature strong advection over the investigated territory. In the non-dipole situations from Group 2 Western Siberia are away from strong blocking events.
Boundary Conformal Field Theory Analysis of the H$^{+}_{3}$ Model

The central topic of this thesis is the study of consistency conditions for the maximally symmetric branes of the H3 model. It is carried out by deriving constraints in the form of so-called shift equations and analysing their solutions. This results in explicit expressions for the one point functions in the various brane backgrounds. The brane spectrum becomes organized in certain continuous and discrete series. In the first part, we give an introduction to two dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) in the framework of vertex operator algebras and their modules. As this approach has been developed along with rational CFT, we pay attention to adapt it to the special needs of the nonrational H3 model. Part two deals with boundary CFT only. We start with a review of some basic techniques of boundary CFT and the Cardy-Lewellen sewing relations that will be at the heart of all following constructions. Afterwards, we introduce the systematics of brane solutions that we are going to follow. With the distinction between regular and irregular one point functions, we propose a new additional pattern according to which the brane solutions must be organized. We argue that all isospin dependencies must be subjected to the sewing constraints. At this point, the programme to be carried out is established and we are ready to derive the missing 1/2-shift equations for the various types of AdS2 branes in order to make the list of this kind of equation complete. Then we address the b−2/2-shift equations. It turns out that their derivation is not straightforward: One needs to extend the initial region of definition of a certain (boundary CFT) two point function to a suitable patch. Therefore, a continuation prescription has to be assumed. The most natural candidate is analytic continuation. We show that it can be carried out, although it is rather technical and involves the use of certain generalized hypergeometric functions in two variables. In this way, we derive a complete set of b−2/2-shift equations for AdS2 branes, study their solutions and extract the resulting brane spectrum. In a following interlude we review the H3 /Liouville correspondence and explain the Hosomichi-Ribault continuity proposal, which motivates our next construction. Its purpose is the explicit realization of the Hosomichi-Ribault proposal within the H3 model. As this proposal suggests a continuation prescription that differs from the above, one needs to study its implications for the brane solutions. Based on our explicit realization, we show that sensible b−2/2-shift equations can be extracted from the Hosomichi-Ribault proposal and we study their solutions and the corresponding brane spectrum. The two approaches are finally compared. We outline a possible demarcation criterion that still has to be worked out and speculate about how our results might generalize to a certain class of noncompact nonrational CFTs.
Translational regular variation asymptotic behavior and applications

In this paper we introduce some new classes of functions which are a translational regular asymptotic behavior. In this sense we continue the study of the translational regularly varying functions. This results are closely connected with the Karamata’s theory of regularly varying functions. On the other hand, in this paper we give some theorems of Tauberian nature via the translational regularly varying functions. Applications of new Tauberian theorems and a method of the Monotone Density theorem for Stieltjes transform are considered. This results are connection with the Karamata’s Tauberian theo-rems,with the Karamata’s Hauptsatz, as and with the classical statements of Hardy and Littlewood. varying function, Regularly varying function, O -regularly varying function, Karamata’s theory, Karamata’s Hauptsatz, Tauberian theorems, Theorems of Tauberian nature, Stieltjes transform, Laplace-Stieltjes transform, Monotone Density Theorem, Karamata’s Tauberian theorems, Hardy- Littlewood theorems.
Finite Element Methods for Interface Problems Using Unfitted Meshes: Design and Analysis

of “ Finite Element Methods for Interface Problems Using Unfitted Meshes: Design and Analysis” by Manuel A. Sánchez Uribe, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2016 This dissertation aims to study finite element methods for two-dimensional stationary second order interface model problems on homogeneous and heterogeneous media, under discretizations non-fitted with the interface. We propose novel numerical methods for the model interface problems, proving optimal convergence of the errors and robust error estimates with respect to the curvature of the interface and the physical parameters of the problems. In the first part of the dissertation, we consider the Poisson and Stokes interface problems on homogeneous media. In both cases, we design correction terms relying on the interface jump conditions of the problem for each unknown variable, which are then added to the right-hand side of the system. This technique is developed for arbitrary polynomial order of the finite element subspace, by means of higher order derivative jumps of the solution derived from the problem. We provide pointwise error analyses of the methods obtaining optimal convergence of the errors. The second part assesses the classical elliptic interface model problem on heterogeneous media: Poisson equations with discontinuous constant coefficients. In particular, we examine the case in which the contrast of the diffusion coefficients is high. We present an a priori analysis of the regularity in order to develop error estimates for the numerical methods consistent with the behavior of the solution. Furthermore, we propose and analyze two finite element methods, following distinct approaches, for the high contrast Poisson interface problem. The first method follows the philosophy of Immersed Finite Element methods, incorporating the jump conditions of the problem strongly in the finite element subspace. Optimal error estimates independent of the contrast of the diffusion coefficients are proved. A detailed analysis incorporating the curvature of the interface and the regularity of the solution is presented, guaranteeing robustness of the method. The second numerical approximation is based on a Nitsche finite element method, with flux stabilization terms. This approach imposes the jumps conditions of the problem weakly, in the form of penalty terms with support on the interface that are added to the system. Optimal error estimates independent of the high-contrast are demonstrated, including a novel error estimate for the flux of the solution. Finally, numerical evidence of the properties of the finite element approximations are displayed for each problem, corroborating the theoretical findings.
Building a causation annotated corpus : the Salford Arabic Causal Bank-proclitics

We introduce the Salford Arabic Causal Bank (SACB) corpus, a new corpus dedicated to Arabic Causal relations. Causality as a linguistic phenomenon can be expressed using different elements and grammatical expressions. In Arabic language, causal particles – Purpose Lām, Causation Fa’a, Causation Ba’a- are frequently prefixed to words; they play a key role in indicating causality. However, these particles give different meanings according to their position in the text. In fact, these meanings can be interpreted according to the context in which they occur. This ambiguity emphasizes the high demand for a large-scale corpus in which instances of these particles are annotated. In this paper, we present the first stage of building the SACB, which includes a collection of annotated sentences each of which contains an instance of a causal particle. The sentences were carefully examined by two specialist annotators to give an accurate account for each annotated instance. Arabic is a less–resourced language and we hope this corpus would help in building better Information Extraction systems.
Nutritional assessment of nixtamalized maize tortillas produced from dry masa flour, landraces, and high yield hybrids and varieties

In the scientific literature there are different analyses of the nutritional profiles of maize tortillas, whether they are landraces or hybrid maize versus those made with dry masa flour (DMF). In general terms, there is agreement in the reported content of moisture. However, for the other nutrients, a great disparity is reported for each type of tortilla which may be due to various factors such as the type of maize or processing methods. In this study, the nutritional aspects of maize tortillas made with different genotypes (five hybrids, two varieties, five landraces, six hybrid mixtures and six dry masa flours) under controlled conditions, were compared. More than 30 characteristics were analyzed. High performance hybrids and varieties (HPHV) and landraces had the highest (p < 0.05) antioxidant capacity (58.8% free, 150.2% bound). In terms of vitamins contents, the tortillas produced from DMF contained 11.2 and 3.5 times more B1, 18.6 and 7.8 times more B2, and 2.7 and 5.3 times more B3 than HPHV and landraces respectively; and only in these samples was detected folic acid. DMF tortilla samples contained 1.75 times more sodium and 2.75 times more iron than the other groups, and 0.75 times less calcium than HPHV. Zinc was present in higher concentration (p < 0.05) in DMF tortilla samples. The landraces had the highest protein content (average 10.28%), but the tortillas produced from DMF presented the highest protein quality evaluated by protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) (p < 0.05) that represents 27, 25 and 19% more than hybrids mixture, HPHV and landraces, respectively. This work gives valuable information on how different types of grains differ in the nutritional quality affecting the final product to provide more elements in the decision-making of processors. There is no a perfect maize, but there are genotypes that can be combined as mixtures and the processing method to design superior nutritional tortillas and related products for populations that highly consume them and improve their human health.
Attitudes toward Aging among College Students: Results from an Intergenerational Reminiscence Project

The detrimental effects of negative attitudes toward aging among younger adults extend to both older and young adults, highlighting the need for attention from academics, applied researchers, and practitioners. To improve college students’ attitudes toward aging, an intergenerational reminiscence intervention was conducted. College students, who were randomized to intervention or control groups and matched with older adults, made weekly phone calls to community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment for ten weeks. This study investigated whether college students improved their attitudes toward aging after participating in this project. A total of 64 college student participants completed the whole intervention and all data collection. The Fraboni Scale of Ageism was used to measure attitudes toward aging and administered at three time points (pre-, mid-, and post-test). Parametric and nonparametric tests were examined to understand changes over time, and post-hoc analyses were conducted to understand timepoints in which changes occurred. The results showed that both the intervention and control groups evidenced a decrease in the majority of the ageism scale, including statistical improvements in three specific negative items, which were “Seniors are stingy and hoard money”, “Seniors live in the past”, and “I prefer not to spend time with seniors”. Overall, the findings indicate that weekly engagement with older adults is promising in improving attitudes toward aging among college students. Implications for future research on intergenerational contacts to improve attitudes toward aging are discussed.
Total agricultural productivity in the Mediterranean region using the Malmquist index approach

This study aims to measure the total productivity of agricultural production factors through the calculation of the Malmquist index for six Mediterranean countries during the period 2003-2018. The results indicate that the growth of agricultural productivity in the Mediterranean region during this period by the calculation of the Malmquist index recorded an increase of 13.2%. Much of this productivity growth is driven by technological change rather than a change in technical efficiency or scale. In fact, the technology change increased by 13%, while the technical efficiency change showed a slight increase of 0.2% due to the scale efficiency change of the same percentage. It should be noted that the total productivity of agricultural production factors and the contribution of technical change and scale efficiency have the same trend at the subregional level, but are different at the country level. These results show that the total productivity of agricultural production factors is highly variable between Mediterranean countries and that the overall efficiency gains obtained are largely due to the phenomenon of technological catch-up rather than to gains in scale or efficiency pure.
Multivariate Periodic Stochastic Volatility Models: Applications to Algerian dinar exchange rates and oil prices modeling

The contribution of this paper is twofold. In a first step, we propose the so called Periodic Multivariate Autoregressive Stochastic Volatility (PV ARSV) model, that allows the Granger causality in volatility in order to capture periodicity in stochastic conditional variance. After a thorough discussion, we provide some probabilistic properties of this class of models. We thus propose two methods for the estimation problem, one based on the periodic Kalman filter and the other on the particle filter and smoother with Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. In a second step, we propose an empirical application by modeling oil price and three exchange rates time series. It turns out that our modeling gives very accurate results and has a well volatility forecasting performance.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Alexithymia, and Defense Mechanisms Among Medical Students of Northeastern Iran

Background: Defense mechanisms are essential to personality and behavior that help individuals deal with stress. These mechanisms might act in different ways, rendering medical students caring physicians or egoistic individuals, and thus, a good understanding of defense mechanisms can contribute to the efforts made to improve the psychological well-being of medical students. Objectives: We studied the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and alexithymia as determinants of psychological well-being and the mechanisms by which medical students might cope with stress and anxiety. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 232 medical students, 126 (60%) females and 96 (40%) males, in northeast Iran. Data were collected through GAD-7, the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20), and the Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40). Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 22.0. Pearson's chi-square test, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify associations between GAD, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms. Results: A total of 87 (37.5%) participants showed moderate to severe anxiety. Alexithymia was detected in 49 (21%) participants. Mature defense mechanisms had the highest prevalence among participants (56.5%), while immature mechanisms had the least (23.3%). A significant positive correlation was noted between GAD and alexithymia. Also, GAD was positively correlated with immature and neurotic defense mechanisms (P < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between mature defense mechanisms and GAD (P < 0.001). Suppression and humor (mature mechanisms) were the negative predictors of GAD. Reaction formation, somatization, autistic fantasy, splitting, passive aggression, displacement, and pseudo-altruism (an immature and neurotic mechanism) were the positive predictors of GAD. Conclusions: The statistically significant correlations found among GAD, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms suggest that a good understanding of these conditions and mechanisms can contribute to alleviating anxiety among medical students and improving their psychological well-being.
Restoration of a whole-sky CMB map

Jaiseung Kim∗ab, Pavel Naselskybc, Nazzareno Mandolesid a Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany b Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark c Discovery Center, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark d INAF/IASF-BO, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy E-mail: kim@mpa-garching.mpg. de, naselsky@nbi.dk, mandolesi@iasfbo.inaf. it
Quantification of the axial induction exerted by utility-scale wind turbines by coupling LiDAR measurements and RANS simulations

The axial induction exerted by utility-scale wind turbines for different operative and atmospheric conditions is estimated by coupling ground-based LiDAR measurements and RANS simulations. The LiDAR data are thoroughly post-processed in order to average the wake velocity fields by using as common reference frame their respective wake directions and the turbine hub location. The various LiDAR scans are clustered according to their incoming wind speed at hub height and atmospheric stability regime, namely Bulk Richardson number. Time-averaged velocity fields are then calculated as ensemble averages of the scans belonging to the same cluster. The LiDAR measurements are coupled with RANS simulations in order to estimate the rotor axial induction for each cluster of the LiDAR data. First, a control volume analysis of the streamwise momentum is applied to the time-averaged LiDAR velocity fields to obtain an initial estimate of the axial induction over the rotor disk. The calculated thrust force is imposed as forcing of an axisymmetric RANS simulation in order to estimate pressure, radial velocity and momentum fluxes. The latter are combined with the LiDAR streamwise velocity field in order to refine the estimate of the rotor axial induction through the control volume approach. This process is repeated iteratively until achieving convergence on the rotor axial induction while minimizing difference between LiDAR and RANS streamwise velocity fields. This procedure allows to single out the reduction in thrust load while the blade pitch angle is increased transitioning from region 2 to 3 of the power curve. Furthermore, an enhanced thrust force is observed for a fixed incoming wind speed and transitioning from stable to convective stability regimes. The presented technique is proposed as a data-driven alternative to the blade element momentum theory typically used with current actuator disk models in order to quantify rotor aerodynamic thrust for different operative and atmospheric conditions.
Multigrid methods for anisotropic and indefinite structured linear systems of equations

Certain classes of structured linear systems of equations are strongly connected to generating functions. Typical examples are Toeplitz matrices and matrices belonging to a trigonometric algebra. The main goal of this work is the development of multigrid methods for these classes of matrices using generating functions. The first main focus is on anisotropic systems. With the help of generating functions it is not only possible to carry our convergence proofs, but also to extend the methods to classes of problems which are more difficult to solve. When indefinite structured linear systems are solved via normal equations, one obtains generating functions with whole zero curves. For this case, different solution strategies are developed. Finally, applications in the fields of image reconstruction and partial differential equations are discussed.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on the potential association between NAFLD/MAFLD and risk of incident atrial fibrillation

Background and objective The association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been explored in recent cohort studies, however, the results have been controversial and inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to explore this potential association. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to identify all relevant cohort studies investigating the association between NAFLD/MAFLD and AF published from database inception to October 30, 2022. Random-effects models were utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for summary purposes. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results A total of 13 cohort studies with 14 272 735 participants were included. Among these, 12 cohort studies with 14 213 289 participants (median follow-up of 7.8 years) showed a significant association between NAFLD and an increased risk of incident AF (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.23, P < 0.00001). Our subgroup analyses mostly yielded similar results, and the results of sensitivity analyses remained unchanged. However, meta-analysis of data from 2 cohort studies with 59 896 participants (median follow-up of 2.15 years) showed that MAFLD was not linked to incident AF (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.63-2.92, P = 0.44). Conclusion Current evidence shows that NAFLD may be linked to a slightly higher risk of developing AF, particularly among Asian populations and those diagnosed with NAFLD using FLI criteria. Nevertheless, there is not enough evidence to support the proposed association between MAFLD and an increased risk of AF. To better understand this relationship, future studies should consider factors such as specific population, the severity of NAFLD/MAFLD, diagnostic methods of NAFLD and AF, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022371503.