Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Metaheuristic DE/CS Algorithm for UCAV Three-Dimension Path Planning

Three-dimension path planning for uninhabited combat air vehicle (UCAV) is a complicated high-dimension optimization problem, which primarily centralizes on optimizing the flight route considering the different kinds of constrains under complicated battle field environments. A new hybrid metaheuristic differential evolution (DE) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is proposed to solve the UCAV three-dimension path planning problem. DE is applied to optimize the process of selecting cuckoos of the improved CS model during the process of cuckoo updating in nest. The cuckoos can act as an agent in searching the optimal UCAV path. And then, the UCAV can find the safe path by connecting the chosen nodes of the coordinates while avoiding the threat areas and costing minimum fuel. This new approach can accelerate the global convergence speed while preserving the strong robustness of the basic CS. The realization procedure for this hybrid metaheuristic approach DE/CS is also presented. In order to make the optimized UCAV path more feasible, the B-Spline curve is adopted for smoothing the path. To prove the performance of this proposed hybrid metaheuristic method, it is compared with basic CS algorithm. The experiment shows that the proposed approach is more effective and feasible in UCAV three-dimension path planning than the basic CS model.
The STRatospheric Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM):estimating stratospheric NO 2 from nadir-viewing satellites by weighted convolution

Abstract. The STRatospheric Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM) determines stratospheric columns of NO2 which are needed for the retrieval of tropospheric columns from satellite observations. It is based on the total column measurements over clean, remote regions as well as over clouded scenes where the tropospheric column is effectively shielded. The contribution of individual satellite measurements to the stratospheric estimate is controlled by various weighting factors. STREAM is a flexible and robust algorithm and does not require input from chemical transport models. It was developed as a verification algorithm for the upcoming satellite instrument TROPOMI, as a complement to the operational stratospheric correction based on data assimilation. STREAM was successfully applied to the UV/vis satellite instruments GOME 1/2, SCIAMACHY, and OMI. It overcomes some of the artifacts of previous algorithms, as it is capable of reproducing gradients of stratospheric NO2, e.g., related to the polar vortex, and reduces interpolation errors over continents. Based on synthetic input data, the uncertainty of STREAM was quantified as about 0.1–0.2 × 1015 molecules cm−2, in accordance with the typical deviations between stratospheric estimates from different algorithms compared in this study.
Caring and connectedness in the context of domestic worker employment in South Africa

This study investigated workplace relational connectedness qualities in terms of domestic worker employment in a South African setting. Twenty black female domestic workers were recruited through purposive respondent-driven self-sampling. Participants ranged in age from 27 to 59 years. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to generate the data. An interpretative phenomenological approach was used to foreground the thematic data analysis. Caring and connectedness emerged as the main theme that characterised participants’ positive employment relationships. Identified sub-themes related to participants’ experience of their employment context, work engagement and treatment, psychosocial well-being and communication. The findings are consistent with the broaden-and-build theory which proposes a positive behavioural cycle which results from reciprocal actions.
Exploring the Effects of Implementation Intentions and Goal Formation on Anxiety and Communication Effectiveness when Discussing Difficult Interpersonal Topics

Exploring the Effects of Implementation Intentions and Goal Formation on Anxiety and Communication Effectiveness when Discussing Difficult Interpersonal Topics Colleen C. Malachowski This study addressed the effects of two specific types of planning (i.e., goal intention and implementation intention formation) on interpersonal discussions of difficult topics (e.g., discussing the future of a relationship, discussing past romantic partners, discussing the current status of a relationship). Goal intentions specify a certain end point (e.g., “I intend to reach x”), and implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1999) specify when, where, and how a goal will be achieved (e.g., “If x, then y”). In addition, four personality traits (i.e., need for cognition, cognitive flexibility, self-efficacy, and trait dyadic communication apprehension) were examined in order to further understand the role of these traits in impacting planning and state anxiety, self-perceived communication effectiveness, message length, and motivation. Using Berger’s (1995a, 1997) Planning Theory as a guiding framework, this post-test only equivalent groups experimental design evaluated differences in state anxiety, self-perceived communication effectiveness, message length, and motivation among three conditions: implementation intention formation (n = 60), goal intention formation (n = 64), and a control group (n = 58). In Time 1, participants reported on a range of difficult topics that they perceived to be both anxiety-provoking and important. After this, each group was given an experimental manipulation, in which participants were guided through the formation of an implementation intention or a goal. The control group was a no message control group. In Time 2, which took place two weeks later, participants were asked to audio-record a message in which they talked about the difficult topic they reported on in Time 1. Results revealed that planning did not impact state anxiety, self-perceived communication effectiveness, or motivation. Individuals in the goal formation group formed messages with fewer words than did individuals in the control group. Selfefficacy interacted with the goal formation condition to impact message length, such that individuals with high self-efficacy recorded shorter messages than those in the control group. Taken together, it appears that planning had minimal impact on state anxiety associated with the discussion of difficult topics in interpersonal relationships.
Reverberation chamber and current injection cable system study in frequency and time domains

Cable transfer impedance is investigated using time domain (TD) techniques to reduce measurement duration. Two methods have been used: the current injection and the mode-tuned reverberation chamber technique. Initial transfer impedance results on RG-58 coaxial cable show good agreement between TD and frequency domain (FD) for both setups. The gated-TD approach permits larger frequency bands to be analysed.
Effect of Source Attribution on Perception of Online News Stories

Are quoted sources in online news as psychologically meaningful us those in printed and broadcast news? A within-subjects experiment was designed to answer this question. On a web site, forty-eight subjects read three online news stories with quotes and three stories without source attribution. They rated stories with quotes significantly higher in credibility and quality than identical stories without quotes. However, quotes did not seem to affect their ratings of liking for - and representativeness (newsworthiness) of- online news.
The Tropical Response to Extratropical Thermal Forcing in an Idealized GCM: The Importance of Radiative Feedbacks and Convective Parameterization

Abstract The response of tropical precipitation to extratropical thermal forcing is reexamined using an idealized moist atmospheric GCM that has no water vapor or cloud feedbacks, simplifying the analysis while retaining the aquaplanet configuration coupled to a slab ocean from the authors’ previous study. As in earlier studies, tropical precipitation in response to high-latitude forcing is skewed toward the warmed hemisphere. Comparisons with a comprehensive GCM in an identical aquaplanet, mixed-layer framework reveal that the tropical responses tend to be much larger in the comprehensive GCM as a result of positive cloud and water vapor feedbacks that amplify the imposed extratropical thermal forcing. The magnitude of the tropical precipitation response in the idealized model is sensitive to convection scheme parameters. This sensitivity as well as the tropical precipitation response can be understood from a simple theory with two ingredients: the changes in poleward energy fluxes are predicted using a .
Measuring Intra-Daily Market Risk : A Neural Network Approach

The value at risk (VaR) measure often relies on an assumption about the return (or price) distribution of the underlying risky assets. Different distributional assumptions may produce widely different computed VaR values. When estimating VaR using intra-daily equity returns, the question arises as to what assumption should be made about the return distribution. Because of the difficulty of decomposing trading noise, it is very hard to identify the return distribution at the tick-by-tick level. In this paper, we circumvent the difficulty of making a distributional assumption of intra-daily market fluctuations by specifying a neural network approach. With this approach, no distributional assumption regarding the return distribution is required for estimating and forecasting the VaR using intra-daily data. Using this approach, we forecast VaR using high-frequency data for the German equity market index. Our neural network forecasts, evaluated on the basis of several statistical performance measures and compared with alternative time-series models, suggest that the performance of the neural network approach in VaR computation dominates that of the commonly used time-series models.
Broadcast Traffic Queueing in OFDMA Systems for Spectrum Efficiency and Improved QoS Provisioning

A queueing model is proposed for multiuser systems for increased spectrum efficiency and better QoS provisioning. Broadcast services are quickly finding their way in to the IP domain and service providers need to introduce different traffic servicing models to handle these bandwidth intensive multimedia services. In an Orthogonal- frequency-division-multiple-access system, using conventional subcarrier per-user resource allocation method is inefficient. Here we present a two-stage queueing model where broadcast streaming traffic are aggregated by separate queues and processed in batches in the first-stage before propagating to the root queue. Modeling the general user traffic as an exogenous traffic source is also considered, which provides more delay performance improvement. The queueing framework is mathematically analyzed for average delay performances. Simulation results validate that not only resource consumption is reduced, but system queue delays also show substantial reductions. The introduced queueing model provides a framework for handling broadcast traffic and to reduce its impact on total system throughput.
Authentication Protocols for Reliable Information Provision Systems with Low Computational-Ability Devices

Wireless communication techniques provide convenience for users to get desired information. Construction and management costs of information provision systems with low computational-ability devices, such as RFID devices, are low so lightweight authentication protocols are required for information security. In this paper, two lightweight authentication protocols are proposed for reliable information provision systems with low computational-ability devices. The first protocol is for public information, and the other ensures that only authorized users can get information.
Hypermethylation of the 16q23.1 Tumor Suppressor Gene ADAMTS18 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

To identify tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) silenced by hypermethylation and discover new epigenetic biomarkers for early cancer detection. ADAMTS18, located at 16q23.1, has been reported to be a critical TSG in multiple primary tumors; however, this has not yet been verified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We explored epigenetic alterations in this gene in ccRCC and analyzed possible clinicopathological associations. We examined ADAMTS18 gene expression and methylation by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in 5 ccRCC-derived cell lines before and after treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzaC). MSP was further performed for 101 ccRCC primary tumors and 20 adjacent normal tissues. Some cell lines and specimens were examined by subsequent bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) and real-time PCR. Further, we analyzed the relationship between the ADAMTS18 gene methylation and clinicopathological features, including short-term disease-free survival (DFS), in patients with ccRCC. ADAMTS18 down-regulation and hypermethylation were detected in the ccRCC-derived cell lines using RT-PCR and MSP. Treatment with 5-AzaC reversed the hypermethylation of the ADAMTS18 gene and restored its expression. Hypermethylation was further detected in 44 of 101 (43.6%) primary tumors and 3 of 20 (15.0%) adjacent normal tissues. However, a significant difference between both groups was observed (p = 0.02). BGS analysis and real-time PCR were subsequently performed to confirm the results of RT-PCR and MSP. Furthermore, the methylation status of ADAMTS18 was not significantly associated with gender, age, location, tumor diameter, pathological stage, nuclear grade or short-term DFS in patients with ccRCC (p > 0.05). The ADAMTS18 gene is often down-regulated by hypermethylation in ccRCC-derived cell lines and primary tumors, indicating its critical role as a TSG in ccRCC. We conclude that ADAMTS18 gene hypermethylation may be involved in the tumorigenesis of ccRCC and may serve as a novel biomarker for this disease.
Convergence of coined quantum walks on R^d

Coined quantum walks may be interpreted as the motion in position space of a quantum particle with a spin degree of freedom; the dynamics are determined by iterating a unitary transformation which is the product of a spin transformation and a translation conditional on the spin state. Coined quantum walks on Z d can be treated as special cases of coined quantum walks on R d . We study quantum walks on R d and prove that the sequence of rescaled probability distributions in position space associated to the unitary evolution of the particle converges to a limit distribution.
Multi-attribute Decision Making Using Fuzzy Ranking and Time Varying DE for Optimal Dispatch of Micro Grid

With depleting fossil reserves, increasing cost and global focus on reducing emissions, efforts for increasing participation of renewable energy sources have gained momentum. The smart micro grid technology is therefore growing very fast with the aim of improving efficiency and reliability and facilitating integration of distributed energy resources (DER). The economical operation of smart grid is a very big challenge for operators in the deregulated power sector. Decision making with multiple conflicting objectives is a complex task and traditional methods do not work well in practical uncertain environment. This paper presents a technique based on time-varying differential evolution (TVDE) for optimal scheduling of DERs in a micro-grid. A fuzzy decision making is carried out to rank the different solutions in order of their merit, considering both, cost and emission reduction objectives. Pareto optimal solution set is generated to cover the full operating range of DERs. The proposed approach is validated on a 4-Distributed Energy Resources and 14-Bus radial micro network and the results are found to be promising.
Early neural activity and dendritic growth in turtle retinal ganglion cells

Early neural activity, both prenatal spontaneous bursts and early visual experience, is believed to be important for dendritic proliferation and for the maturation of neural circuitry in the developing retina. In this study, we have investigated the possible role of early neural activity in shaping developing turtle retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic arbors. RGCs were back‐labelled from the optic nerve with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Changes in dendritic growth patterns were examined across development and following chronic blockade or modification of spontaneous activity and/or visual experience. Dendrites reach peak proliferation at embryonic stage 25 (S25, one week before hatching), followed by pruning in large field RGCs around the time of hatching. When spontaneous activity is chronically blocked in vivo from early embryonic stages (S22) with curare, a cholinergic nicotinic antagonist, RGC dendritic growth is inhibited. On the other hand, enhancement of spontaneous activity by dark‐rearing ( Sernagor & Grzywacz (1996)Curr. Biol., 6, 1503–1508) promotes dendritic proliferation in large‐field RGCs, an effect that is counteracted by exposure to curare from hatching. We also recorded spontaneous activity from individual RGCs labelled with lucifer yellow (LY). We found a tendency of RGCs with large dendritic fields to be spontaneously more active than small‐field cells. From all these observations, we conclude that immature spontaneous activity promotes dendritic growth in developing RGCs.
Treatment of the I + U? and I − U? Life Positions:

With the elucidation of the life positions of “I'm OK, You're Irrelevant” (I + U? ) and “I'm not-OK, You're Irrelevant” (I − U? ) by White (1994), a new direction or focus of treatment is opened up. The purpose of this article is to examine some of the treatment options that are provided by looking at psychopathology in the way these life positions do.
Clone Stability

Code clones are said to threaten the maintainability of a system -- especially when the system evolves and source code is changed. Whether clones truly increase maintenance effort can be analyzed by comparing the stability of cloned code to the stability of non-cloned code. A previous study found that cloned code is even more stable than non-cloned code and, thus, requiring less maintenance effort -- contrary to the frequently voiced assumption. In this paper, we describe our partial replication and extension of this study using a more detailed measurement and considering different parameters for clone detection. In general, we were able to validate the findings of the previous study. We furthermore explored possible reasons to gain a better understanding of the unintuitive results.
A double‐blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease

Thirty‐four patients with advanced Parkinson's disease participated in a prospective 24‐month double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of fetal nigral transplantation. Patients were randomized to receive bilateral transplantation with one or four donors per side or a placebo procedure. The primary end point was change between baseline and final visits in motor component of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in the practically defined off state. There was no significant overall treatment effect (p = 0.244). Patients in the placebo and one‐donor groups deteriorated by 9.4 ± 4.25 and 3.5 ± 4.23 points, respectively, whereas those in the four‐donor group improved by 0.72 ± 4.05 points. Pairwise comparisons were not significant, although the four‐donor versus placebo groups yielded a p value of 0.096. Stratification based on disease severity showed a treatment effect in milder patients (p = 0.006). Striatal fluorodopa uptake was significantly increased after transplantation in both groups and robust survival of dopamine neurons was observed at postmortem examination. Fifty‐six percent of transplanted patients developed dyskinesia that persisted after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication (“off”‐medication dyskinesia). Fetal nigral transplantation currently cannot be recommended as a therapy for PD based on these results.Ann Neurol 2003;54:403–414
Towards Emotion Related Feature Extraction based on Generalized Source-Independent Event Detection

Emotion recognition is of major importance towards the acceptability of Human-Computer Interaction systems, and several approaches to emotion classification using features extracted from biosignals have already been developed. This analysis is, in general, performed on a signal-specific basis, and can bring a significant complexity to those systems. In this paper we propose a signal-independent approach on marking specific signal events. In this preliminary study, the developed algorithm was applied on ECG and EMG signals. Based on a morphological analysis of the signal, the algorithm allows the detection of significant events within those signals. The performance of our algorithm proved to be comparable with that achieved by signal-specific processing techniques on events detection. Since no previous knowledge or signal-specific pre-processing steps are required, the presented approach is particularly interesting for automatic feature extraction in the context of emotion recognition systems.
Rescaling the trophic structure of marine food webs

Measures of trophic position (TP) are critical for understanding food web interactions and human-mediated ecosystem disturbance. Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) provide a powerful tool to estimate TP but are limited by a pragmatic assumption that isotope discrimination is constant (change in δ15N between predator and prey, Δ15N = 3.4‰), resulting in an additive framework that omits known Δ15N variation. Through meta-analysis, we determine narrowing discrimination from an empirical linear relationship between experimental Δ15N and δ15N values of prey consumed. The resulting scaled Δ15N framework estimated reliable TPs of zooplanktivores to tertiary piscivores congruent with known feeding relationships that radically alters the conventional structure of marine food webs. Apex predator TP estimates were markedly higher than currently assumed by whole-ecosystem models, indicating perceived food webs have been truncated and species-interactions over simplified. The scaled Δ15N framework will greatly improve the accuracy of trophic estimates widely used in ecosystem-based management.
Theoretical Design of a Gene Therapy To Prevent AIDS but Not Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

ABSTRACT Recent reports confirm that, due to the presence of long-lived, latently infected cell populations, eradication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from infected patients by using antiretroviral drugs will be exceedingly difficult. An alternative to virus eradication may be to use gene therapy to induce a pseudo-latent state in virus-producing cells, thus transforming HIV-1 into a lifelong, but manageable, virus. Conditionally replicating HIV-1 (crHIV-1) gene therapy vectors provide an avenue for subduing HIV-1 expression in infected cells (by creating a parasite, crHIV-1, of the parasite HIV-1), potentially reducing the HIV-1 set point and delaying AIDS onset. Development of crHIV-1 vectors has proceeded in vitro, but the requirements for a crHIV-1 vector to proliferate and persist in vivo have not been explored. We expand a widely accepted mathematical model of HIV-1 in vivo dynamics to include a crHIV-1 gene therapy virus and derive a simple criterion for designing crHIV-1 viruses that will persist in vivo. The model introduces only two new parameters—HIV-1 inhibition and crHIV-1 production—and both can be experimentally engineered and controlled. Analysis demonstrates that crHIV-1 gene therapy can indefinitely reduce HIV-1 set point to levels comparable to those achieved with highly active antiretroviral therapy, provided crHIV-1 production is more efficient than HIV-1. Paradoxically, highly efficient therapeutic inhibition of HIV-1 was found to be disadvantageous. Thus, the field may benefit by shifting the search for more potent antiviral genes toward engineering optimized therapy viruses that package ultraefficiently while downregulating viral production moderately.