Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Routing in Space and Time in Networks with Predictable Mobility

We consider the problem of routing in emerging wireless networks where nodes move around explicitly carrying messages to facilitate communication in an otherwise partitioned network. The absence of a path at any instant of time between a source and destination makes the traditional mobile ad hoc routing protocols unsuitable for these networks. However, the explicit node movements create paths “over time” that include the possibility of a node carrying a message before forwarding to another suitable node. Identifying such paths over space and time is a key challenge in these store, carry and forward networks. In most of these networks, the mobility of nodes is predictable either over a finite time horizon or indefinitely due to periodicity in node motion. We propose a new space-time routing framework for these networks leveraging the predictability in node motion. Specifically, we construct space-time routing tables where the next hop node is selected from the current as well as the future neighbors. Unlike traditional routing tables, our space-time routing tables use both the destination and the arrival time of message to determine the next hop node. We devise an algorithm to compute these spacetime routing tables to minimize the end-to-end message delivery delay. Our routing algorithm is based on a space-time graph model derived from the mobility of nodes. We empirically evaluate our approach using simulations and observe improved performance as compared to other approaches based on heuristics.
The Effects of Multiple Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries and Task Difficulty on Cognitive Function

Previous research regarding mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) indicates that even one mTBI can result in long-term cognitive deficits in memory, speed of processing, and attention. This study further investigated this research with the hypothesis that, after controlling for other influences of cognitive functioning, individuals with 2 or more mTBI would perform more poorly on a battery of cognitive tests than individuals with 01 mTBI. It was further predicted that the effect of task difficulty on speed of processing would be influenced by the number of mTBI participants experienced, such that speed of processing would be more negatively affected by task difficulty for participants with two or more mTBI than for participants with 0-1 mTBI. One hundred participants (72 female; 28 male) completed memory, speed of processing, and attention tests. The results from the present study partially validated previous research, as deficits were found in speed of processing but not in memory or attention. This research is critical to understanding the potential negative outcomes of suffering multiple mTBI, especially in light of the large number of mTBI suffered by individuals each year.
Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c).

OBJECTIVE The exact contributions of postprandial and fasting glucose increments to overall hyperglycemia remain controversial. The discrepancies between the data published previously might be caused by the interference of several factors. To test the effect of overall glycemic control itself, we analyzed the diurnal glycemic profiles of type 2 diabetic patients investigated at different levels of HbA(1c). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In 290 non-insulin- and non-acarbose-using patients with type 2 diabetes, plasma glucose (PG) concentrations were determined at fasting (8:00 A.M.) and during postprandial and postabsorptive periods (at 11:00 A.M., 2:00 P.M., and 5:00 P.M.). The areas under the curve above fasting PG concentrations (AUC(1)) and >6.1 mmol/l (AUC(2)) were calculated for further evaluation of the relative contributions of postprandial (AUC(1)/AUC(2), %) and fasting [(AUC(2) - AUC(1))/AUC(2), %] PG increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia. The data were compared over quintiles of HbA(1c). RESULTS The relative contribution of postprandial glucose decreased progressively from the lowest (69.7%) to the highest quintile of HbA(1c) (30.5%, P < 0.001), whereas the relative contribution of fasting glucose increased gradually with increasing levels of HbA(1c): 30.3% in the lowest vs. 69.5% in the highest quintile (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The relative contribution of postprandial glucose excursions is predominant in fairly controlled patients, whereas the contribution of fasting hyperglycemia increases gradually with diabetes worsening. These results could therefore provide a unifying explanation for the discrepancies as observed in previous studies.
XENON 100 Detector Upgrade : Gamma Backgrounds

Research and development of the XENON100 Detector Upgrade is motivated by the search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The purpose of this upgrade is to lower the overall background significantly and to double the fiducial volume while increasing the fiducial to total volume ratio in order to increase the efficiency of the detector. Monte Carlo simulations using Geant4 were used to simulate gamma ray radiation in detector construction materials. Various fiducial volume cuts were applied in order to minimize overall background levels.
From Apollonius To Zaremba: Local-Global Phenomena in Thin Orbits

We discuss a number of naturally arising problems in arithmetic, culled from completely unrelated sources, which turn out to have a common formulation involving "thin" orbits. These include the local-global problem for integral Apollonian gaskets and Zaremba's Conjecture on finite continued fractions with absolutely bounded partial quotients. Though these problems could have been posed by the ancient Greeks, recent progress comes from a pleasant synthesis of modern techniques from a variety of fields, including harmonic analysis, algebra, geometry, combinatorics, and dynamics. We describe the problems, partial progress, and some of the tools alluded to above.
Title: Dendritic Kv3.3 Potassium Channels in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Regulate 4 Generation and Spatial Dynamics of Dendritic Ca

27 Purkinje cell dendrites are excitable structures with intrinsic and synaptic conductances 28 contributing to the generation and propagation of electrical activity. Voltage-gated 29 potassium channel subunit Kv3.3 is expressed in the distal dendrites of Purkinje cells. 30 However, the functional relevance of this dendritic distribution is not understood. 31 Moreover, mutations in Kv3.3 cause movement disorders in mice and cerebellar atrophy 32 and ataxia in humans, emphasizing the importance of understanding the role of these 33 channels. In this study we explore functional implications of this dendritic channel 34 expression, and compare Purkinje cell dendritic excitability in wild type and Kv3.3 35 knockout mice. We demonstrate enhanced excitability of Purkinje cell dendrites in Kv3.3 36 knockout mice, despite normal resting membrane properties. Combined data from local 37 application pharmacology, voltage clamp analysis of ionic currents and assessment of 38 dendritic Ca spike threshold in Purkinje cells suggest a role for Kv3.3 channels in 39 opposing Ca spike initiation. To study the physiological relevance of altered dendritic 40 excitability, we measured [Ca]i changes throughout the dendritic tree in response to 41 climbing fiber activation. Ca signals were specifically enhanced in distal dendrites of 42 Kv3.3 knockout Purkinje cells, suggesting a role for dendritic Kv3.3 channels in 43 regulating propagation of electrical activity and Ca influx in distal dendrites. These 44 findings characterize unique roles of Kv3.3 channels in dendrites, with implications for 45 synaptic integration, plasticity and human disease. 46 47
Spectral dimension of the universe

We measure the spectral dimension of universes emerging from nonperturbative quantum gravity, deﬁned through state sums of causal triangulated geometries. While four-dimensional on large scales, the quantum universe appears two-di-mensional at short distances. We conclude that quantum gravity may be “self-renormalizing” at the Planck scale, by virtue of a mechanism of dynamical dimensional reduction.
A Policy-into-Practice Intervention to Increase the Uptake of Evidence-Based Management of Low Back Pain in Primary Care: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background Persistent non-specific low back pain (nsLBP) is poorly understood by the general community, by educators, researchers and health professionals, making effective care problematic. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a policy-into-practice intervention developed for primary care physicians (PCPs). Methods To encourage PCPs to adopt practical evidence-based approaches and facilitate time-efficient, integrated management of patients with nsLBP, we developed an interdisciplinary evidence-based, practical pain education program (gPEP) based on a contemporary biopsychosocial framework. One hundred and twenty six PCPs from primary care settings in Western Australia were recruited. PCPs participated in a 6.5-hour gPEP. Self-report measures recorded at baseline and at 2 months post-intervention included PCPs' attitudes, beliefs (modified Health Care Providers Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS), evidence-based clinical practices (knowledge and skills regarding nsLBP management: 5-point Likert scale with 1 = nil and 5 = excellent) and practice behaviours (recommendations based on a patient vignette; 5-point Likert scale). Results Ninety one PCPs participated (attendance rate of 72%; post-intervention response rate 88%). PCP-responders adopted more positive, guideline-consistent beliefs, evidenced by clinically significant HC-PAIRS score differences (mean change = −5.6±8.2, p<0.0001; 95% confidence interval: −7.6 to −3.6) and significant positive shifts on all measures of clinical knowledge and skills (p<0.0001 for all questions). Self management strategies were recommended more frequently post-intervention. The majority of responders who were guideline-inconsistent for work and bed rest recommendations (82% and 62% respectively) at pre-intervention, gave guideline-consistent responses at post-intervention. Conclusion An interprofessional pain education program set within a framework that aligns health policy and practice, encourages PCPs to adopt more self-reported evidence-based attitudes, beliefs and clinical behaviours in their management of patients with nsLBP. However, further research is required to determine cost effectiveness of this approach when compared with other modes of educational delivery and to examine PCP behaviours in actual clinical practice.
Removing the Outliers of Diverse Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems using Mahalanobis Distance

The purpose behind zero-knowledge proofs are to deliver a mystification to the verifier, so that the verifier will not comprehend the information sent by the prover. Cryptography and complexity theory have gained a lot of importance because of zero-knowledge proofs. An enigmatic outset was dignified, that lead to the foundation zero-knowledge proof systems. Zero-knowledge proofs are generally used to verify a prover's theorem to a verifier, in such a way that the verifier will not be able to discover any supplementary evidence other than the proof given to him. In this paper, we have reviewed different zero-knowledge argument / proof techniques. We have also reviewed the proof system implications in the presence of malicious prover and malicious verifier. We have removed the outliers of the experiment by using Mahalanobis distance. Examples associated to zero-knowledge argument systems are also given.
The stroke prognosis instrument II (SPI-II) : A clinical prediction instrument for patients with transient ischemia and nondisabling ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In 1991 we developed the Stroke Prognosis Instrument (SPI-I) to stratify patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke by prognosis for stroke or death in 2 years. In this article we validate and improve SPI-I (creating SPI-II). METHODS To validate SPI-I, we applied it to 4 test cohorts and calculated pooled outcome rates. To create SPI-II, we incorporated new predictive variables identified in 1 of the test cohorts and validated it in the other 3 cohorts. RESULTS For SPI-I, pooled rates (all 4 test cohorts) of stroke or death within 2 years in risk groups I, II, and III were 9%, 17%, and 24%, respectively (P<0.01, log-rank test). SPI-II was created by adding congestive heart failure and prior stroke to SPI-I. Each patient's risk group was determined by the total score for 7 factors: congestive heart failure (3 points); diabetes (3 points); prior stroke (3 points); age >70 years (2 points); stroke for the index event (not transient ischemic attack) (2 points); hypertension (1 point); and coronary artery disease (1 point). Risk groups I, II, and III comprised patients with 0 to 3, 4 to 7, and 8 to 15 points, respectively. For SPI-I, pooled rates (3 cohorts excluding the SPI-II development cohort) of stroke or death within 2 years in risk groups I, II, and III were 9%, 17%, and 23%, respectively. For SPI-II, pooled rates were 10%, 19%, and 31%, respectively. In receiver operator characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.60) for SPI-I and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.65) for SPI-II, confirming the better performance of the latter. CONCLUSIONS Compared with SPI-I, SPI-II achieves greater discrimination in outcome rates among risk groups. SPI-II is ready for use in research design and may have a role in patient counseling.
Towards a transparent boundary condition for compressible Navier–Stokes equations

A new artificial boundary condition for two‐dimensional subsonic flows governed by the compressible Navier–Stokes equations is derived. It is based on the hyperbolic part of the equations, according to the way of propagation of the characteristic waves. A reference flow, as well as a convection velocity, is used to properly discretize the terms corresponding to the entering waves. Numerical tests on various classical model problems, whose solutions are known, and comparisons with other boundary conditions (BCs), show the efficiency of the BC. Direct numerical simulations of more complex flows over a dihedral plate are simulated, without creation of acoustic waves going back in the flow. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on the dual kernel based on the unified framework of Morphological Associative Memories

The Morphological Associative Memories (MAM) are a class of extremely new artificial neural networks. Although MAM has many advantages, it can not have a good performance of tolerating random noises and mixture noises. In order to solve this problem, some people have presented the kernel method, but there is still room to research. So we research on the kernel from another angle. On the one hand we present the concept of the dual kernel based on the unified Framework of Morphological Associative Memories, on the other hand, we research on its properties in-depth. At last, through the computing and simulation experiments of true-color images, we confirm that the dual kernel has the validity of tolerating random noise and mixture noise.
Similarities between Exogenously- and Endogenously-Induced Envelope Stress: The Effects of a New Antibacterial Molecule, TPI1609-10

Antibiotics with novel and/or multiple targets are highly desirable in the face of the steady rise of clinical antibiotic resistance. We have screened and identified small molecules, typified by the compound TPI1609-10 (aka SM10), with antibiotic activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. SM10 was screened in vitro to bind branched Holliday junction intermediates of homologous recombination and tyrosine recombinase-mediated recombination; thus, the cellular targets of the small molecules were expected to include the RuvABC Holliday junction resolvasome and the XerCD complex involved in proper segregation of replicated chromosomes to daughter cells. SM10 indeed induces DNA damage and filamentation in E. coli. However, SM10 also induces envelope stress and causes increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, SM10 has similar effects to endogenously-induced envelope stress via overproducing outer membrane proteins (OmpC and OmpF), which also induces the SOS response, chromosome fragmentation, and production of reactive oxygen species. The synergy between SM10, and cerulenin, a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, together with the SM10 hypersensitivity of cpx and rpoE mutants, further support that SM10's mode of action damages membrane damage. The lethality of SM10 treatment and of OmpC overproduction are observed in both aerobically- and anaerobically-grown cells, and is accompanied by substantial DNA damage even anaerobically. Thus, only some DNA damage is due to reactive oxygen. We propose that membrane depolarization and the potential reduction in intracellular pH, leading to abasic site formation, cause a substantial amount of the DNA damage associated with both SM10 treatment and endogenous envelope stress. While it is difficult to completely exclude effects related to envelope damage as the sources of DNA damage, trapping intermediates associated with DNA repair and chromosome segregation pathways remains very likely. Thus SM10 may have distinct but synergistic modes of action.
Efficient Application of Selected Mapping with Clipping for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an inimitable technology in wireless communication. High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a challenging issue in OFDM system. Large PAPR results in significant distortion in OFDM signal when passed through nonlinear high power amplifier. Selected mapping (SLM) is an efficient technique to reduce PAPR. In this work we efficiently apply SLM technique with clipping to reduce PAPR. And the simulation results show that the proposed techniques have better PAPR reduction performance than conventional Selected Mapping technique and SLM with interleaving.
Hepatic arterial infusion of a replication-selective oncolytic adenovirus (dl1520): phase II viral, immunologic, and clinical endpoints.

Replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses are being developed for the treatment of cancer, but the safety and feasibility of repeated adenovirus delivery to tumors via the bloodstream was unknown, particularly in light of a patient death after hepatic artery infusion of a replication-defective adenovirus vector. We performed a Phase II trial of an oncolytic replication-selective adenovirus (dl1520, also known as Onyx-015) administered by hepatic artery infusion in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma metastatic to the liver (n = 27). dl1520 was infused into the hepatic artery (2 x 10(12) particles) on days 1 and 8 as a single agent, and thereafter starting on day 22 in combination with i.v. 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin every 28 days. Repeated viral infusions were feasible, and no deaths occurred on study; reversible grade 3/4 hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 2 patients. Systemic inflammatory cytokine responses varied greatly between patients and even between cycles within a given patient. Proinflammatory cytokines [e.g., tumor necrosis factor, IFN-gamma, and interleukin (IL) 6] typically rose within 3 h and were followed at 18 h by a rise in IL-10. However, in the single patient who suffered a severe but reversible systemic inflammatory response, a unique cytokine profile was detected: marked acute increases of IL-6 (20-fold higher than average for all of the patients) and inhibition of IL-10 production. Delayed secondary peaks of viremia were reproducibly detected 3-6 days after treatment, even in the presence of high level neutralizing antibody titers and antiviral cytokines. Mathematical modeling was used to calculate the number of virus particles produced and shed into the blood with each replication cycle. The combination of virotherapy and chemotherapy had antitumoral activity in some chemotherapy-resistant colorectal tumors. The intra-arterial infusion of oncolytic adenoviruses warrants additional study.
Path Differentials and Applications

Photo-realistic rendering algorithms such as Monte Carlo ray tracing sample individual paths to compute images. Noise and aliasing artefacts are usually reduced by supersampling. Knowledge about the neighborhood of the path, such as an estimated footprint, can be used to reduce these artefacts without having to trace additional paths. The recently introduced ray differentials estimate such a footprint for classical ray tracing, by computing ray derivatives with respect to the image plane. The footprint proves to be useful for filtering textures locally on surfaces. In this paper, we generalize the use of these derivatives to arbitrary path sampling, including general reflection and refraction functions. Sampling new directions introduces additional partial derivatives, which are all combined into a footprint estimate. Additionally the path gradient is introduced; it gives the rate of change of the path contribution. When this change is too steep the size of the footprint is reduced. The resulting footprint can be used in any global illumination algorithm that is based on path sampling. Two applications show its potential: texture filtering in distributed ray tracing and a novel hierarchical approach to particle tracing radiosity.
Theory of mind and self consciousness: what is it like to be autistic?

Autism provides a model for exploring the nature of self-consciousness: self-consciousness requires the ability to reflect on mental states, and autism is a disorder with a specific impairment in the neurocognitive mechanism underlying this ability. Experimental studies of normal and abnormal development suggest that the abilities to attribute mental states to self and to others are closely related. Thus inability to pass standard 'theory of mind' tests, which refer to others' false beliefs, may imply lack of self-consciousness. Individuals who persistently fail these tests may, in the extreme, be unable to reflect on their intentions or to anticipate their own actions. In contrast, individuals with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome often possess a late-acquired, explicit theory of mind, which appears to be the result of effortful learning. An experimental study with three people with Asperger syndrome suggested that level of performance on standard theory of mind tasks was strongly related to the ability to engage in introspection. Qualitative differences in the introspections of high-functioning people with autism are also reflected in autobiographical accounts which may give a glimpse of what it is like to be autistic.
A Sparse Matrix Arithmetic Based on H-Matrices. Part I: Introduction to H-Matrices

A class of matrices (H-matrices) is introduced which have the following properties. (i) They are sparse in the sense that only few data are needed for their representation. (ii) The matrix-vector multiplication is of almost linear complexity. (iii) In general, sums and products of these matrices are no longer in the same set, but their truncations to the H-matrix format are again of almost linear complexity. (iv) The same statement holds for the inverse of an H-matrix. This paper is the first of a series and is devoted to the first introduction of the H-matrix concept. Two concret formats are described. The first one is the simplest possible. Nevertheless, it allows the exact inversion of tridiagonal matrices. The second one is able to approximate discrete integral operators. AMS Subject Classifications: 65F05, 65F30, 65F50.