Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender, aging, and major depressive disorder in Ukraine

The World Health Organization has made global mental health a priority since making it the center of world health day 2001, yet much of the current literature on mental health examines the subject within the context of the U.S. and Western Europe. This research takes a more global approach, shifting the focus to the issue of depression in Ukraine. Specifically this thesis analyzes data to examine the hypotheses that: 1) a statistically significant relationship exists between gender and depression prevalence in Ukraine; 2) women over the age of 50 in Ukraine have a significantly higher chance of suffering from depression than other age groups, unlike trends described in the literature; and 3) there are socio-economic and social factors present in Ukraine, which impact depression prevalence among women. A mixedmethodology, which utilizes analysis of quantitative data from the World Mental Health
Sestrin-3 modulation is essential for therapeutic efficacy of cucurbitacin B in lung cancer cells

Many purified compounds from dietary sources have been investigated for their anticancer activities. The main issue with most agents is their effectiveness at high doses which generally could not be delivered to humans through dietary consumption. Here, we observed that cucurbitacin B, a tetracyclic triterpenoid present in pumpkins, gourds and squashes, exhibits antiproliferative effects on human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells at nanomolar concentrations. Treatment with cucurbitacin B (0.2-0.6 μM; 24 h) was found to result in decrease in the viability of EGFR-wild type (A549 and H1792) and EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells (H1650 and H1975) and reduction in cell-colonies but had only minimal effect on normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Treatment with cucurbitacin B also caused inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 signaling along with simultaneous activation of AMPKα levels in both EGFR-wild type and EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. Cucurbitacin B caused specific increase in the protein and mRNA expression of sestrin-3 in EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells, but not in EGFR-wild type cells. Treatment with cucurbitacin B to sestrin-3 siRNA treated EGFR-mutant cells further amplified the decrease in cell-viability and caused more sustained G2-phase cell cycle arrest, suggesting that these effects are mediated partly through sestrin-3. We also found that sestrin-3 has a role in the induction of apoptosis by cucurbitacin B in both EGFR-wild type and EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells. These findings suggest novel mechanism by the modulation of sestrin-3 for the action of cucurbitacin B and suggest that it could be developed as an agent for therapy of NSCLC.
A microtubule-associated protein from Xenopus eggs that specifically promotes assembly at the plus-end

We have isolated a protein factor from Xenopus eggs that promotes microtubule assembly in vitro. Assembly promotion was associated with a 215-kD protein after a 1,000-3,000-fold enrichment of activity. The 215- kD protein, termed Xenopus microtubule assembly protein (XMAP), binds to microtubules with a stoichiometry of 0.06 mol/mol tubulin dimer. XMAP is immunologically distinct from the Xenopus homologues to mammalian brain microtubule-associated proteins; however, protein species immunologically related to XMAP with different molecular masses are found in Xenopus neuronal tissues and testis. XMAP is unusual in that it specifically promotes microtubule assembly at the plus-end. At a molar ratio of 0.01 mol XMAP/mol tubulin the assembly rate of the microtubule plus-end is accelerated 8-fold while the assembly rate of the minus-end is increased only 1.8-fold. Under these conditions XMAP promotes a 10-fold increase in the on-rate constant (from 1.4 s- 1.microM-1 for microtubules assembled from pure tubulin to 15 s- 1.microM-1), and a 10-fold decrease in off-rate constant (from 340 to 34 s-1). Given its stoichiometry in vivo, XMAP must be the major microtubule assembly factor in the Xenopus egg. XMAP is phosphorylated during M-phase of both meiotic and mitotic cycles, suggesting that its activity may be regulated during the cell cycle.
Inquiry in Educational Administration

Inquiry in a field like educational administration draws on philosophy and science, since it deals with both moral and empirical issues. As an applied field of study, educational administration is highly complex. It is concerned with what educational organizations and settings ought to be, how they work and what can be done to make them better. The nature of the field and of the times creates pitfalls for inquiry. In this paper a number of these pitfalls are considered. It is argued that when pitfalls are avoided, new possibilities are opened up. Every pitfall has its reciprocal possibility. Those examined represent the author's thinking as a longtime student of the field.
Fast narrow bounds on the value of Asian options

We consider the problem of finding bounds on the value of fixed-strike and floatingstrike Asian options. A good lower bound for both types was derived in Rogers & Shi (1995). We provide an alternative derivation, which leads to a simpler expression for the bound, and also to the bound given by Curran (1992) for fixed-strike options; we derive an analogous bound for floating-strike options. Combining these results with a new upper bound allows the accurate valuation of fixed-strike and floating-strike Asian options for typical parameter values.
Designing Conventions for Automated Negotiation

■ As distributed systems of computers play an increasingly important role in society, it will be necessary to consider ways in which these machines can be made to interact effectively. We are concerned with heterogeneous, distributed systems made up of machines that have been programmed by different entities to pursue different goals. Adjusting the rules of public behavior (the rules of the game) by which the programs must interact can influence the private strategies that designers set up in their machines. These rules can shape the design choices of the machines’ programmers and, thus, the run-time behavior of their creations. Certain kinds of desirable social behavior can thus be caused to emerge through the careful design of interaction rules. Formal tools and analysis can help in the appropriate design of these rules. We consider how concepts from fields such as decision theory and game theory can provide standards to be used in the design of appropriate negotiation and interaction environments. This design is highly sensitive to the domain in which the interaction is taking place. This article is adapted from an invited lecture given by Jeffrey Rosenschein at the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Chambery, France, on 2 September 1993.
Unexpected Management Behaviors in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Using Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring can improve glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 1 diabetes. However, the constant exposure to real-time glucose levels can sometimes lead the individual to make some risky choices to address the glycemic excursions. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the aberrant management behaviors of youth with type 1 diabetes on sensor-augmented pump therapy (SAPT). Methods: Participants in a clinical trial using SAPT on Medtronic MiniMed™ 640G pump who experienced deteriorating glycemic control or unexplained hypoglycemia were identified by the health care professional. The pump and/or sensor data uploaded to CareLink™ Therapy Management Software were reviewed in these participants. Results: Uncharacteristic management behaviors were identified in five adolescent males. Continuous exposure to high glucose levels resulted in obsessive behaviors displaying a perfectionistic attitude in two participants. Multiple boluses were delivered frequently as uneaten carbohydrates in participant 1 while participant 2 resorted to delivery of extra insulin by cannula fills. In contrast, participant 3 chose to remain hyperglycemic to avoid weight gain while participant 4 trusted the system and used sensor glucose readings for calibrations, with resultant deterioration in glycemic control in both participants. On the other hand, participant 5, due to mistrust in the pump suspend function, consumed carbohydrates with downward glucose trends with rebound hyperglycemia. Conclusions: Constant exposure to real-time data can lead to unsafe management responses in adolescents with the behavior influenced by trust or mistrust in the system. Adolescents should be empowered with problem-solving strategies for safe management.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: signalling in development and disease

RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) play important roles in cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, RTKs reveal oncogenic potential when their kinase activities are constitutively enhanced by point mutation, amplification or rearrangement of the corresponding genes. The ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) RTK was originally identified as a member of the insulin receptor subfamily of RTKs that acquires transforming capability when truncated and fused to NPM (nucleophosmin) in the t(2;5) chromosomal rearrangement associated with ALCL (anaplastic large cell lymphoma). To date, many chromosomal rearrangements leading to enhanced ALK activity have been described and are implicated in a number of cancer types. Recent reports of the EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4)–ALK oncoprotein in NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer), together with the identification of activating point mutations in neuroblastoma, have highlighted ALK as a significant player and target for drug development in cancer. In the present review we address the role of ALK in development and disease and discuss implications for the future.
DNA Polymerase Beta Participates in Mitochondrial DNA Repair

ABSTRACT We have detected DNA polymerase beta (Polβ), known as a key nuclear base excision repair (BER) protein, in mitochondrial protein extracts derived from mammalian tissue and cells. Manipulation of the N-terminal sequence affected the amount of Polβ in the mitochondria. Using Polβ fragments, mitochondrion-specific protein partners were identified, with the interactors functioning mainly in DNA maintenance and mitochondrial import. Of particular interest was the identification of the proteins TWINKLE, SSBP1, and TFAM, all of which are mitochondrion-specific DNA effectors and are known to function in the nucleoid. Polβ directly interacted functionally with the mitochondrial helicase TWINKLE. Human kidney cells with Polβ knockout (KO) had higher endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. Mitochondrial extracts derived from heterozygous Polβ mouse tissue and KO cells had lower nucleotide incorporation activity. Mouse-derived Polβ null fibroblasts had severely affected metabolic parameters. Indeed, gene knockout of Polβ caused mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced membrane potential and mitochondrial content. We show that Polβ is a mitochondrial polymerase involved in mtDNA maintenance and is required for mitochondrial homeostasis.
Dealing with Lashkar-e-Taiba: A Multi-player Game-Theoretic Perspective

Lashkar-e-Taiba (LET) is one of the deadliest terrorist groups in the world. With over 100 attacks worldwide since 2004, LET has become a political force within Pakistan, a proxy fighting force for the Pakistani Army, and a terror group that can carry out complex, coordinated attacks such as the 2008 Mumbai attacks. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretic analysis of how to deal with LET using a 5-player game whose players include LET, India, the Pakistani military, the (civilian) Pakistani government, and the US. We use an expert on LET and Pakistan to develop a payoff matrix and compute pure and mixed Nash equilibria (NE) in this payoff matrix. We study several of these NEs in detail. Our analysis shows that: (i) there are 6 pure NEs in which LET eliminates its armed wing, (ii) increasing external financial/military support for Pakistan leads to no NEs where LET reduces violence, (iii) almost all NEs in which LET significantly reduces violence involve coordinated actions by both the US and India.
Participation of children with physical disabilities: relationships with diagnosis, physical function, and demographic variables

The primary goal of occupational therapy intervention for children with disabilities is enabling participation in the daily activities of childhood. The World Health Organization conceptualizes chronic health conditions and disability as two distinct aspects of health, with the primary concern on the level of health condition being with diagnosis rather than function. Participation, within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), is characterized by the interactions between a child, its family, and other personal and environmental factors. Few studies have examined the relationships between diagnosis, function, and participation in children with disabilities. Using the results of a study of the participation of 427 children with physical disabilities in activities outside mandated school, the authors examined the relative influence of diagnostic category on participation. When adjusted for age, sex, and physical function, diagnostic category does not significantly affect the intensity and diversity of participation. The results of this study confirm and highlight the limitations in using diagnostic information in children's rehabilitation in the absence of other information. Participation is a complex phenomenon so it is important to understand more clearly how personal, environmental, and family factors influence the child's involvement in everyday activities. There is a need to move beyond diagnosis to focus on other personal and environmental factors as major predictors of participation.
Ladder filter based on microelectronic BAW solidly mounted resonators

The ladder filters based on microelectronic BAW resonators with a Bragg reflector are designed. The BAW resonator represents a piezoelectric transducer based on zinc oxide films with thin-film electrodes of aluminum films and a Bragg reflector consisting of four pairs Mo-Al and one pair Mo-SiO2. The ladder filter topology based on the single T-shaped link consisting of three SMR is presented. The filter operates at the central frequency of 4.54 GHz. It has the relative bandwidth of 4.4 % with the insertion loss of −2 dB and the out-of-band rejection is equal to −19 dB.
Young People's Social Networks and Language Use: the Case of Wales

This paper outlines the results of a project carried out in Wales between 2003-2005, looking at the social networks and language use of young people aged 13-17 years. Twenty four participants were studied in twelve different areas of Wales, making a total sample group of 288. The participants were selected on the basis of their own Welsh language competence and that of their parents. The resulting network configurations across the various locations portrayed quite different responses regarding the young people’s use of the Welsh language. The major determinant of the Welsh language density of the networks was the language used by the respondent in the home. The analysis of the data allowed the development of a typology of locations distinguished by the incidence of the use of Welsh in different social networks. Three types of communities emerged – firstly, those which integrate dominant language speakers; secondly, communities containing two distinct language groups; and thirdly, communities where Welsh is rapidly being assimilated into the normative context where English is the predominant language.
Competitive Coevolution of Robots to Play Ultimate Frisbee

This paper describes the coevolution of neural controllers for robots in a simulated Ulti-mate Frisbee play. The goal of these experiments was to reproduce established strategies for both oﬀensive and defensive players in Ultimate, as well as to possibly discover novel strategies that could be implemented by humans. In each experiment, an oﬀensive robot and a defensive robot compete for optimal positioning to receive/intercept a frisbee pass. Two closely-related ﬁtness functions were designed to reward each robot for positioning with respect to its opponent and a stationary robot representing the player with the disc. Defenders evolved against a pre-programmed cutter displayed behavior resembling good man-on-man defense, and in co-evolution, cutters developed the ability to make deep cuts when the defender was focused on guarding the in-cuts
COMPARING GC AND FIELD LMXBs IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES WITH DEEP CHANDRA AND HUBBLE DATA

We present a statistical study of the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) populations of three nearby, old elliptical galaxies: NGC 3379, NGC 4278, and NGC 4697. With a cumulative ∼1 Ms Chandra ACIS observing time, we detect 90–170 LMXBs within the D25 ellipse of each galaxy. Cross-correlating Chandra X-ray sources and HST optical sources, we identify 75 globular cluster (GC) LMXBs and 112 field LMXBs with LX > 1036 erg s−1 (detections of these populations are 90% complete down to luminosities in the range of 6 × 1036 to 1.5 × 1037 erg s−1). At the higher luminosities explored in previous studies, the statistics of this sample are consistent with the properties of GC-LMXBs reported in the literature. In the low-luminosity range allowed by our deeper data (LX < 5 × 1037 erg s−1), we find a significant relative lack of GC-LMXBs, when compared with field sources. Using the co-added sample from the three galaxies, we find that the incompleteness-corrected X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of GC and field LMXBs differ at ∼4σ significance at LX < 5 × 1037 erg s−1. As previously reported, these XLFs are consistent at higher luminosities. The presently available theoretical models for LMXB formation and evolution in clusters are not sophisticated enough to provide a definite explanation for the shape of the observed GC-LMXB XLF. Our observations may indicate a potential predominance of GC-LMXBs with donors evolved beyond the main sequence, when compared to current models, but their efficient formation requires relatively high initial binary fractions in clusters. The field LMXB XLF can be fitted with either a single power-law model plus a localized excess at a luminosity of (5–6) × 1037 erg s−1, or a broken power law with a similar low-luminosity break. This XLF may be explained with NS-red-giant LMXBs, contributing to ∼15% of total LMXBs population at ∼5 × 1037 erg s−1. The difference in the GC and field XLFs is consistent with different origins and/or evolutionary paths between the two LMXB populations, although a fraction of the field sources are likely to have originated in GCs.
An Economic Evaluation of Four Work Site Based Cardiovascular Risk Factor Interventions

We used outcome data from a randomized work site intervention trial to examine the cost-effectiveness of four cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction programs: health risk assessment (HRA), risk factor education (RFE), behavioral counseling (BC), and behavioral counseling plus incentives (BCI). Composite CVD risk scores were derived from measures of serum total cholesterol, blood pressure, number of cigarettes smoked, body mass index, and aerobic capacity. The economic evaluation of the programs focused on the subset of costs most sensitive to the differences between the interventions, and a sensitivity analysis examined some of the relevant cost variations. At the 6-month follow-up (i.e., the "action" or initiation stage of lifestyle change), the RFE, BC, and BCI interventions produced a significant reduction in cardiovascular risk. Incremental analyses demonstrated RFE to be more cost-effective, but not as clinically effective as BC; BC was more cost-effective than RFE when assessment costs were included, and BCI was judged to be the least cost-effective. At the 12-month follow-up (i.e., the "maintenance" stage of lifestyle of change), BC was the only program found to produce a significant reduction in CVD risk. Individualized behavioral counseling was found to be a cost-effective strategy for the initiation and maintenance of CVD risk factor reduction.
Phosphorothioate‐modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides mimic autoantigens and reveal a potential role for Toll‐like receptor 9 in receptor revision

Re‐expression of recombinase activating genes (RAG) in mature B cells may support autoreactivity by enabling revision of the B‐cell receptor (BCR). Recent reports suggest that administration of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) ‐stimulating CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) could trigger the manifestation of autoimmune disease and that TLR are involved in the selection processes eliminating autoreactive BCR. The mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. This prompted us to ask, whether TLR9 could be involved in receptor revision. We found that phosphorothioate‐modified CpG ODN (CpGPTO) induced expression of Ku70 and re‐expression of RAG‐1 in human peripheral blood B lymphocytes and Igλ expression in sorted Igκ+ B cells. Further results revealed unselective binding specificity of CpGPTO‐induced immunoglobulin and suggested that CpGPTO engage and/or mimic IgM receptor signalling, an important prerequisite for the initialization of receptor editing or revision. Altogether, our data describe a potential role for TLR9 in receptor revision and suggest that CpGPTO could mimic chromatin‐bearing autoantigens by simultaneously engaging the BCR and TLR9 on IgM+ B cells.
The Lead of Output over Inflation in Sticky Price Models

Output growth is negatively correlated with inflation, detrended output is positively correlated with inflation, and output growth and detrended output lead inflation. I explore the consistency of these correlations with three models of price adjustment: the partial adjustment model, a staggered price setting model, and the P-bar model. The ratio of the variance of supply to demand shocks necessary to match the pattern of output-inflation correlations can be ranked across the three models; the P-Bar model requires the lowest ratio, and the partial adjustment model requires the highest ratio. The imperfect information aspects of staggered price setting and the P-bar model drive some of the output/inflation nexus, highlighting a link with the tradition from Hume to Lucas to recent work by Mankiw and Reis.
Nonlinear Adaptive Lumped Parameter Magnetic Circuit Analysis for Spoke-Type Fault-Tolerant Permanent-Magnet Motors

This paper proposes a nonlinear adaptive lumped parameter magnetic circuit (LPMC) model for a new spoke-type fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (ST-FTPM) brushless motor. The LPMC method, which reduces the total computational time greatly, can be used as a finite-element method (FEM) assistant design tool. Hence, it is used to calculate the flux linkage, back-electromotive force (back-EMF), inductance, and torque performance of the ST-FTPM motor. The novelty of this paper is to predict short-circuit current based on the developed LPMC model. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the analytical accuracy, the magnetic saturation is considered in the model design. The effectiveness of the presented LPMC model is verified by FEM and the experiments.
Sustainability in silicon and systems development

In conclusion, the path to sustainability in high performance computing must start with solving the power limitation problem. To overcome this challenge, we need to take a holistic approach that utilizes process technology and circuit techniques, architectural techniques, and platform techniques including hardware and software co-design. Technology advances required to make exascale successful will trickle down to solving power limitations in mainstream devices such as handhelds. Going forward, we appeal to the semiconductor industry to be stewards of the planet by developing energy efficient technologies while minimizing their environmental footprint.