Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin transformation of small lymphocytic lymphoma: gene usage, mutational status and clonal relationship

of surgical treatment is the most significant factor in determining the risk of subsequent recurrence, with curettage carrying higher risks than wide resection. At the immunocytochemical and molecular levels, a few parameters such as H-ras mutation and p53 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -9 over expression have been found to carry prognostic significance. However, to date, determination of the benign or malignant nature of GCT rests heavily on histology. From the previous data, it seems that a GCT that has focal sarcomatous growth might have an intermediate prognosis between typical GCT and fully MGCT. However, histology alone is still insufficient to become a clinical usable tool in predicting the biological behaviour of individual cases. This being said, and regardless of this controversial issue, the problem remains the same for the practising pathologist: how to classify such cases with ‘intermediate histology’. Our cases illustrate this difficulty and shed light on the subjectivity accompanying such a classification. They also show the lack of consensus and absence of reproducible criteria regarding such tumours. It is necessary, in our opinion, especially if the main categories are retained (typical GCT and MGCT) with no attempt to grade them, to indicate clearly whether an ‘intermediate’ GCT belongs to the typical GCT or the MGCT category. The clinician should also be aware of this controversial histological issue, and the treatment modality chosen should not rely solely on histological examination. Whether the creation of a ‘borderline’ or ‘atypical’ GCT category is necessary is yet to be determined. F Brimo M Aziz G Rosen R Turcotte A Nahal
Low feedback downlink SDMA using single antenna MIMO-like detection

Space division multiple access (SDMA) is considered one of the key techniques enabling 4G spectral efficiency and capacity, and has been adopted by various advanced communications standards such as LTE and IEEE802.11ac. One of the challenges in downlink (DL) SDMA is obtaining adequate channel state information at the base-station (BS) transmitter to minimize multi user interference (MUI). MUI minimization requires the BS to acquire accurate channel state information respective to the mobiles, achieved in the form of feedback. Digital feedback is usually made of a quantized version of either the channel matrix or the singular vectors. Naturally, finer quantization leads to more accurate channel state information and less MUI, but also to higher feedback capacity. Minimizing MUI is especially important when the number of transmitted SDMA streams is larger than the number of receive antennas at the mobiles, for example when a BS transmits M SDMA streams to M mobiles, each endowed with a single receive antenna. Here the mobiles do not have enough degrees of freedom to suppress the MUI, for example through an MMSE receiver (which would be possible if each mobile had at least M receive antennas). In this paper we propose MIMO-like ML detection of all M SDMA information streams at each of the mobiles (each is endowed with a single antenna). Here each mobile discards all the irrelevant streams, targeting other mobiles, post ML detection. Although counter-intuitive, when the optimal nonlinear ML detector is employed, the standard requirement of N ≥ M receive antennas for spatial multiplexing detection is essentially eliminated. This approach is immediately extended to the case of N <; M receive antennas at the mobile, where N is not necessarily 1. The proposed method significantly outperforms standard detectors in the regime of high MUI due to insufficient feedback quantization. Thus, it paves the way to a significant decrease in feedback capacity and relaxed SDMA group selection.
Tact Repertoires and Measures of Efficiency: Comparing the Effects of Two Behavioral Intervention Models with Students with Developmental Disabilities.

ii Dedication . iii Acknowledgements . iv Vita . vi List of Tables.x List of Figures . xii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Verbal Behavior . 2 Verbal Operants . 3 Relevance to Education . 10 Behavior-Based Interventions . 11 The Lovaas Method . 12 Verbal Behavior Approach . 16 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 21 Search Procedures, The Lovaas Method . 21 Participant Characteristics, The Lovaas Method . 22 Intervention Characteristics, The Lovaas Method . 32 Overview of studies . 41 viii Search Procedures, Verbal Behavior Approach . 43 Participant Characteristics, Verbal Behavior Approach . 44 Intervention Characteristics, Verbal Behavior Approach . 52 Overview of Studies, Verbal Behavior Approach . 60 Review Discussion . 61 Limitations . 64 Recommendations . 70 Chapter 3: Method . 73 Participants and Setting . 73 Materials . 75 Dependent Variables and Response Definitions . 78 Data Collection and Measurement . 78 Interobserver Agreement and Treatment Integrity . 79 Experimental Design . 80 Procedures . 80 Maintenance and Generalization . 90 Social Validity . 91 Chapter 4: Results. 92 Bill . 93 Tim . 117 John . 140 Social Validity . 163
A robust maximin approach for MIMO communications with imperfect channel state information based on convex optimization

This paper considers a wireless communication system with multiple transmit and receive antennas, i.e., a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel. The objective is to design the transmitter according to an imperfect channel estimate, where the errors are explicitly taken into account to obtain a robust design under the maximin or worst case philosophy. The robust transmission scheme is composed of an orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC), whose outputs are transmitted through the eigenmodes of the channel estimate with an appropriate power allocation among them. At the receiver, the signal is detected assuming a perfect channel knowledge. The optimization problem corresponding to the design of the power allocation among the estimated eigenmodes, whose goal is the maximization of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), is transformed to a simple convex problem that can be easily solved. Different sources of errors are considered in the channel estimate, such as the Gaussian noise from the estimation process and the errors from the quantization of the channel estimate, among others. For the case of Gaussian noise, the robust power allocation admits a closed-form expression. Finally, the benefits of the proposed design are evaluated and compared with the pure OSTBC and nonrobust approaches.
Minimizing Interference and Maximizing Progress for Hadoop Virtual Machines

Virtualization promised to dramatically increase server utilization levels, yet many data centers are still only lightly loaded. In some ways, big data applications are an ideal fit for using this residual capacity to perform meaningful work, but the high level of interference between interactive and batch processing workloads currently prevents this from being a practical solution in virtualized environments. Further, the variable nature of spare capacity may make it difficult to meet big data application deadlines. In this work we propose two schedulers: one in the virtualization layer designed to minimize interference on high priority interactive services, and one in the Hadoop framework that helps batch processing jobs meet their own performance deadlines. Our approach uses performance models to match Hadoop tasks to the servers that will benefit them the most, and deadline-aware scheduling to effectively order incoming jobs. We use admission control to meet deadlines even when resources are overloaded. The combination of these schedulers allows data center administrators to safely mix resource intensive Hadoop jobs with latency sensitive web applications, and still achieve predictable performance for both. We have implemented our system using Xen and Hadoop, and our evaluation shows that our schedulers allow a mixed cluster to reduce web response times by more than ten fold compared to the existing Xen Credit Scheduler, while meeting more Hadoop deadlines and lowering total task execution times by 6.5%.
Wave-equation migration velocity analysis : Episode II

We elaborate the main points of the wave-equation migration velocity analysis method introduced in a previous report. We analyze its strengths and limitations, and illustrate them using a synthetic example. The inversion results confirm our original expectations, especially with regard to stability and robustness. The main difficulty in recovering a complete velocity perturbation is related to the Born approximation, which limits the amount of residual migration improvement on the seismic images at any one given step.
A Multi-institutional Study of Peer Instruction in Introductory Computing

Peer Instruction (PI) is a student-centric pedagogy in which students move from the role of passive listeners to active participants in the classroom. Over the past five years, there have been a number of research articles regarding the value of PI in computer science. The present work adds to this body of knowledge by examining outcomes from seven introductory programming instructors: three novices to PI and four with a range of PI experience. Through common measurements of student perceptions, we provide evidence that introductory computing instructors can successfully implement PI in their classrooms. We find encouraging minimum (74%) and average (92%) levels of success as measured through student valuation of PI for their learning. This work also documents and hypothesizes reasons for comparatively poor survey results in one course, highlighting the importance of the choice of grading policy (participation vs. correctness) for new PI adopters.
Proposed Advanced Education System

the scarcity of quality education. In the present era primary education is a basic need but in developing and under developed countries illiteracy is spreading like a plague. The scarcity of education is expected to worsen in the future due to lack of interest, even in countries with significant human resources. The government is providing end numbers of facilities for improving the literacy rate of their country. The paper here proposes a technology which is sufficient to change the slogan from “Each one Teach one” to “Each one Teach everyone”. This paper focuses on providing quality education to each one of us without the help of teacher in the classroom. It also helps in internal assessment of every individual using advanced and flexible storage data base along with their attendance record and behaviour in classroom. This proposed technology is used for the betterment of future of the country.
A Tutorial on MPEG/Audio Compression

This tutorial covers the theory behind MPEG/audio compression. While lossy, the algorithm can often provide "transparent", perceptually lossless compression, even with factors of 6-to-1 or more. It exploits the perceptual properties of the human auditory system. The article also covers the basics of psychoacoustic modeling and the methods the algorithm uses to compress audio data with the least perceptible degradation. >
Optoelectronic properties of hexagonal boron nitride epilayers

This paper summarizes recent progress primarily achieved in authors' laboratory on synthesizing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) epilayers by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) and studies of their structural and optoelectronic properties. The structural and optical properties of hBN epilayers have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) studies and compared to the better understood wurtzite AIN epilayers with a comparable energy bandgap. These MOCVD grown hBN epilayers exhibit highly efficient band-edge PL emission lines centered at around 5.5 eVat room temperature. The band-edge emission of hBN is two orders of magnitude higher than that of high quality AlN epilayers. Polarization-resolved PL spectroscopy revealed that hEN epilayers are predominantly a surface emission material, in which the band-edge emission with electric field perpendicular to the c-axis (Eemi⊥c) is about 1.7 times stronger than the component along the c-axis (Eemillc). This is in contrast to AIN, in which the band edge emission is known to be polarized along the c-axis, (Eemillc). Based on the graphene optical absorption concept, the estimated band-edge absorption coefficient of hBN is about 7x105 cm-1, which is more than 3 times higher than the value for AlN (~2x105 cm-1 . The hBN epilayer based photodetectors exhibit a sharp cut-off wavelength around 230 nm, which coincides with the band-edge PL emission peak and virtually no responses in the long wavelengths. The dielectric strength of hBN epilayers exceeds that of AlN and is greater than 4.5 MV/cm based on the measured result for an hBN epilayer released from the host sapphire substrate.
Bayes factors for genome‐wide association studies: comparison with P‐values

The Bayes factor is a summary measure that provides an alternative to the P‐value for the ranking of associations, or the flagging of associations as “significant”. We describe an approximate Bayes factor that is straightforward to use and is appropriate when sample sizes are large. We consider various choices of the prior on the effect size, including those that allow effect size to vary with the minor allele frequency (MAF) of the marker. An important contribution is the description of a specific prior that gives identical rankings between Bayes factors and P‐values, providing a link between the two approaches, and allowing the implications of the use of P‐values to be more easily understood. As a summary measure of noteworthiness P‐values are difficult to calibrate since their interpretation depends on MAF and, crucially, on sample size. A consequence is that a consistent decision‐making procedure using P‐values requires a threshold for significance that reduces with sample size, contrary to common practice. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The decidability of guarded fixed point logic

Guarded fixed point logics are obtained by adding least and greatest fixed points to the guarded fragments of first-order logic that were recently introduced by Andréka, van Benthem and Németi. Guarded fixed point logics can also be viewed as the natural common extensions of the modal μ-calculus and the guarded fragments. In a joint paper with Igor Walukiewicz, we proved recently that the satisfiability problems for guarded fixed point logics are decidable and complete for deterministic double exponential time. That proof relies on alternating automata on trees and on a forgetful determinacy theorem for games on graphs with unbounded branching. We present here an elementary proof for the decidability of guarded fixed point logics which is based on guarded bisimulations, a tree model property for guarded logics and an interpretation into the monadic second-order theory of countable trees.
Enabling network measurement portability through a hierarchy of characteristics

Measurement and prediction of network resources are crucial so that adaptive applications can make use of grid environments. Although a large number of systems and tools have been developed to provide such measurement services, the diversity of grid resources and lack of central control prevent the development of a single monitoring system that can be deployed to answer every application's resource queries for connections between any pair of machines it can use. We propose a standard for representing network entities and measurements of their properties. Our standard enables the exchange of measurements and will allow applications to function even in environments without the particular measurement system for which they were developed. We present an overview of our measurement representation and evaluate its usefulness. We have used the characteristics hierarchy to store and exchange measurement data between several systems, and we discuss its usefulness in comparing the output of several measurement tools.
Hairy brushes

Paint brushes are modeled as a collection of bristles which evolve over the course of the stroke, leaving a realistic image of a sumi brush stroke. The major representational units are (1) Brush: a compound object composed of bristles, (2) Stroke: a trajectory of position and pressure, (3) Dip: a description of the application of paint to a class of brushes, and (4) Paper: a mapping onto the display device. This modular system allows experimentation with various stochastic models of ink flow and color change. By selecting from a library of brushes, dips, and papers, the stroke can take on a wide variety of expressive textures.
Word length study and architecture design of a K-best based MIMO-OFDM detector algorithm

The combination of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been adopted for high-data-rate transmission. A word length study and a top level architecture of a K-best based list sphere detector (LSD) algorithm for a MIMO-OFDM system are introduced in this paper. The word lengths were determined with computer simulations for 2 times 2 and 4 times 4 antenna systems with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 64-QAM. The resulting word lengths can be used in the hardware implementation of the K-best LSD and they will lead to optimal floating point performance. The architecture was designed for a 2 times 2 antenna system with operating modes for QPSK and 16-QAM. Also a top level structure of a 4 times 4 MIMO detector is presented. The architecture allows the use of a variable list size.
Tactile wayfinder: a non-visual support system for wayfinding

Digital maps and route descriptions on a PDA have become very popular for navigation, not the least with the advent of the iPhone and its Google Maps application. A visual support for wayfinding, however, is not reasonable or even possible all the time. A pedestrian must pay attention to traffic on the street, a hiker should concentrate on the narrow trail, and a blind person relies on other modalities to find her way. To overcome these limitations, we developed a non-visual support for wayfinding that guides and keeps a mobile user en route by a tactile display. We designed a belt with vibrators that indicates directions and deviations from the path in an accurate and unobtrusive way. Our first user evaluation showed that on an open field without any landmarks the participants stayed well to given test routes and that wayfinding support is possible with our Tactile Wayfinder.
A Serious Game for Learning Ultrasound-Guided Needle Placement Skills

Ultrasound-guided needle placement is a key step in a lot of radiological intervention procedures such as biopsy, local anesthesia, and fluid drainage. To help training future intervention radiologists, we develop a serious game to teach the skills involved. We introduce novel techniques for realistic simulation and integrate game elements for active and effective learning. This game is designed in the context of needle placement training based on the some essential characteristics of serious games. Training scenarios are interactively generated via a block-based construction scheme. A novel example-based texture synthesis technique is proposed to simulate corresponding ultrasound images. Game levels are defined based on the difficulties of the generated scenarios. Interactive recommendation of desirable insertion paths is provided during the training as an adaptation mechanism. We also develop a fast physics-based approach to reproduce the shadowing effect of needles in ultrasound images. Game elements such as time-attack tasks, hints, and performance evaluation tools are also integrated in our system. Extensive experiments are performed to validate its feasibility for training.
Querying Community Web Portals

A new generation of information systems such as organizational memories, vertical aggregators, infomediaries, etc. is emerging nowadays. Such systems, termed Community Web Portals, intend to support speci c communities of interest (e.g., enterprise, professional, trading) on corporate intranets or the Web. More precisely, Portal Catalogs, organize and describe various information resources (e.g., sites, documents, data) for diverse target audiences (corporate, inter-enterprise, e-marketplace, etc.), in a multitude of ways, which are far more exible and complex than those provided by standard (relational or object) databases. Yet, in commercial software for deploying Community Portals, querying is still limited to full-text (or attribute-value) retrieval and more advanced information-seeking needs implies navigational access. Furthermore, recent Web standards for describing resources are completely ignored. In this paper, we propose a declarative language suitable for querying Portal Catalogs created according to the Resource Description Framework (RDF) W3C standard. Our language, called RQL, relies on a formal graph model, that captures the RDF modeling primitives and permits the interpretation of heterogeneous descriptions by means of one or more schemas. In this context, RQL adapts the functionality of semistructured query languages to the peculiarities of RDF but also extends this functionality in order to uniformly query both resource descriptions and related schemas. Then, RQL enables to query Portal Catalogs holding multipurpose descriptions of community resources while preserving a conceptually uni ed view of the Catalog for (sub-)communities employing di erent RDF schemas. RQL is actually used by several applications aiming at building, accessing and personalizing Community Web Portals. This work was partially supported by the European project C-Web (IST-1999-13479).
Characterization of N-Linked Glycosylation in a Monoclonal Antibody Produced in NS0 Cells Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

The N-linked glycosylation in recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAb) occurs at Asn297 on the Fc region in the CH2 domain. Glycosylation heterogeneities have been well documented to affect biological activities such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) through their interaction with Fc-receptors. Hence, it is critical to monitor and characterize the N-linked glycosylation profile in a therapeutic protein such as a mAb for product consistency. In one approach, the glycans are first released from the mAb using an enzyme specific digestion, such as Protein N-Glycosidase F (PNGase) and subsequently they are labeled using a fluorophore, for example, 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) . Here we have applied this approach and used Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) to analyze a recombinant mAb produced in murine myeloma (NS0) cells. The technique provides short analysis times, efficient separations, and high sensitivity. CE-LIF peak identification was done by a combination of glycan standards and treatment with various exoglycosidases. Furthermore, the APTS-labeled glycans were also analyzed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to aid identification of minor peaks by sample collection and off-line mass spectrometry (MS) analysis.