Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Substructure of Intercellular Junctions in Freeze‐Fractured Alveolar‐Capillary Membranes of Mouse Lung

The purpose of this study was to examine by freeze-fracture the ultrastructure of intercellular junctions between mouse pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells, and to relate this fine structure to that deduced from previous physiological and ultrastructural studies using tracer techniques. Junctions between capillary endothelial cells consist of one to three interconnected rows of particles which show occasional discontinuities. Small gap junctions are associated with these rows of particles in the arteriolar end of the capllary bed. At the venular end, the junctions consist of low profile ridges on the protoplasmic fracture (PF) face or complimentary grooves on the exoplasmic fracture (EF) face some of which have a sparse number of associated particles. The vascular junctions are similar to those of vessels in rat omentum and mesentery, and resemble "leaky" junctions described in renal proximal convoluted tubular cells. Tight junctions (zonulae occludentes) between type I pneumocytes or between types I and II pneumocytes consist of a band of interconnecting ridges on the PF face and complimentary interconnecting grooves on the EF face. These continuous epithelial junctions have a structure that is typical of tight occluding junctions. Occasionally zonulae occludentes between type I and type II pneumocytes are discontinuous; this may be the result of cell translocation as pneumocytes are shed into the alveolus. Intravas-cular perfusion fixation at high pressure (140 cm H2O) had no discernible effect on the structure of endothelial or epithelial junctions. The appearance in our study of freeze-fractured pulmonary endothelial and epithelial junctions reveals clearly the physical basis for the results of ultrastructural tracer and physiological studies which have suggested that it is the alveolar epithelium rather than the endothelium that is the chief permeability barrier to small, water-soluble molecules.
A Novel Transcriptional Cascade Regulating Expression of Heat Stress Proteins during Seed Development of Arabidopsis[W]

Within the Arabidopsis thaliana family of 21 heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs), HsfA9 is exclusively expressed in late stages of seed development. Here, we present evidence that developmental expression of HsfA9 is regulated by the seed-specific transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID–INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3). Intriguingly, ABI3 knockout lines lack detectable levels of HsfA9 transcript and protein, and further ectopic expression of ABI3 conferred the ability to accumulate HsfA9 in response to abscisic acid in transgenic plantlets. Consequently, the most abundant heat stress proteins (Hsps) in seeds (Hsp17.4-CI, Hsp17.7-CII, and Hsp101) were not detectable in the ABI3 knockout lines, but their expression could be detected in plants ectopically expressing HsfA9 in vegetative tissues. Furthermore, this seed-specific transcription factor cascade was reconstructed in transient β-glucuronidase reporter assays in mesophyll protoplasts by showing that ABI3 could activate the HsfA9 promoter, whereas HsfA9 in turn was shown to be a potent activator on the promoters of Hsp genes. Thus, our study establishes a genetic framework in which HsfA9 operates as a specialized Hsf for the developmental expression of Hsp genes during seed maturation.
An investigation of fast and slow mapping

Children learn words astonishingly skilfully. Even infants can reliably “fast map” novel category labels to their referents without feedback or supervision (Carey & Bartlett, 1978; Houston-Price, Plunkett, & Harris, 2005). Using both empirical and neural network modelling methods this thesis presents an examination of both the fast and slow mapping phases of children's early word learning in the context of object and action categorisation. A series of empirical experiments investigates the relationship between within-category perceptual variability on two-year-old children’s ability to learn labels for novel categories of objects and actions. Results demonstrate that variability profoundly affects both noun and verb learning. A review paper situates empirical word learning research in the context of recent advances in the application of computational models to developmental research. Data from the noun experiments are then simulated using a Dynamic Neural Field (DNF) model (see Spencer & Schoner, 2009), suggesting that children’s early object categories can emerge dynamically from simple label-referent associations strengthened over time. Novel predictions generated by the model are replicated empirically, providing proofof- concept for the use of DNF models in simulations of word learning, as well emphasising the strong featural basis of early categorisation. The noun data are further explored using a connectionist architecture (Morse, de Greef, Belpaeme & Cangelosi, 2010) in a robotic system, providing the groundwork for future research in cognitive robotics. The implications of these different approaches to cognitive modelling are discussed, situating the current work firmly in the dynamic systems tradition whilst emphasising the value of interdisciplinary research in motivating novel research paradigms.
Adapting two-class support vector classification methods to many class problems

A geometric construction is presented which is shown to be an effective tool for understanding and implementing multi-category support vector classification. It is demonstrated how this construction can be used to extend many other existing two-class kernel-based classification methodologies in a straightforward way while still preserving attractive properties of individual algorithms. Reducing training times through incorporating the results of pairwise classification is also discussed and experimental results presented.
The complexity of tree automata and logics of programs

The computational complexity of testing nonemptiness of finite-state automata on infinite trees is investigated. It is shown that for tree automata with m states and n pairs nonemptiness can be tested in time O((mn)/sup 3n/), even though the problem is in general NP-complete. The nonemptiness algorithm is used to obtain exponentially improved, essentially tight upper bounds for numerous important modal logics of programs, interpreted with the usual semantics over structures generated by binary relations. For example, it is shown that satisfiability for the full branching time logic CTL* can be tested in deterministic double exponential time. It also follows that satisfiability for propositional dynamic logic with a repetition construct (PDL-delta) and for the propositional mu-calculus (L mu ) can be tested in deterministic single exponential time. <<ETX>>
The effect of tactile and visual sensory inputs on phantom limb awareness.

Multiple sensory stimuli contribute to the conscious awareness of the body. It is well known that limb amputation can result in abnormal body awareness, but the manner in which the CNS constructs and updates a body schema after injury is largely unknown. The purpose of the present study was to systematically evaluate the effects of sensory inputs on phantom limb awareness (PLA) shortly after unilateral upper extremity amputation. The location, quality and intensity of spontaneous and tactile-evoked phantom sensations and awareness were assessed in 13 amputees who were referred sequentially for their initial post-operative rehabilitation. Subjects were tested in three visual conditions: (i) with their eyes open; (ii) with their eyes closed; and (iii) while they viewed their intact hand in a mirror, which created an illusion of their amputated hand (i.e. mirror visual illusion). The mirror illusion was also used to test the effect of combined visual and movement-related stimuli during active voluntary movement. Spontaneous PLA was reported by 12 of the 13 amputees and was not affected by normal visual inputs. Tactile stimulation of the residual limb or face evoked dual percepts in six amputees; i.e. these amputees perceived these touch stimuli as if they were being applied both to the stimulus site and also to a location on the missing limb. This mislocalization phenomenon was most prevalent in the eyes-closed condition. Thus, normal vision can strongly override the phantom component of touch-evoked dual percepts. In eight cases, the visual illusion of the missing limb transiently enhanced the spontaneous conscious awareness of the phantom limb. However, the visual illusion did not change the capacity of a tactile stimulus to induce dual percepts. These findings demonstrate that (i) phantom awareness of an amputated body part is common within the 14 months after traumatic upper extremity amputation, (ii) evoked dual percepts are less common than spontaneous PLA, (iii) visual, tactile and sensorimotor systems contribute to PLA, (iv) subtle changes in congruence of sensory information affects both evoked dual percepts and spontaneous PLA, however, (v) sensorimotor information pertaining to the state of the motor system can strongly influence spontaneous PLA, whereas the visual system can predominantly influence evoked PLA.
Applying a Response-to-Intervention Model to Literacy Instruction for Students who are Blind or have Low Vision

Introduction Response to intervention (RTI) has become widely recognized and used in education. Propelling its significance is its systematic and schoolwide approach and emphasis on using a problem-solving approach to providing appropriate instruction for each child. Children with visual impairments (that is, blindness and low vision) are primarily included in public school classrooms and educated under the overall guidelines that apply to all children. Therefore, professionals who work with children with visual impairments must understand RTI and its implications within the context of visual impairment. Methods Key principles of RTI are examined, including universal screening, multitiered models, monitoring of progress, and the use of evidence-based practices. Results An RTI framework within the context of literacy instruction for children who are visually impaired is presented. Discussion The benefits of embracing RTI are discussed. First, RTI ensures that collaborative planning takes place by using a problem-solving approach in which data from ongoing assessments are collected and the results are used to plan instruction using evidence-based interventions. Second, RTI can be used to identify students who are at risk of academic failure and can assist in the identification of additional disabilities. Early identification of students who are struggling with literacy is not only essential to providing necessary instruction, but data-driven decisions should be made to ensure that specific skills are addressed by qualified individuals who are familiar with the unique needs of individuals with visual impairments. Implications for Practitioners The authors conclude by encouraging professionals in the field of visual impairment to become actively involved with the implementation of RTI in their local education agencies.
Practical implications of the migraine cardio- and cerebrovascular association: Unmet needs of patients

Background Numerous studies have described a relationship between migraine and stroke, and there is emerging evidence that migraine is also associated with cardiovascular disease. The combination of migraine and both cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease has implications for therapy. Methods We conducted a review of the modifications in medical therapy in patients with comorbid migraine and cardio- and cerebrovascular disorders based on publications from the last 15 years. Results Some drugs are contraindicated to treat migraine attacks (ergots, triptans) or for migraine prevention in patients after transient ischemic attack (TIA)/ischemic stroke. Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated in patients with cerebral bleeding. Some drugs for the treatment of acute migraine attacks are contraindicated in patients with symptomatic coronary heart disease. Conclusions Given the large number of patients with comorbid migraine and cardiovascular as well as cerebrovascular disease, there is an unmet need to treat these patients.
Interaction of impulse activities originating from individual Golgi tendon organs innervated by branches of a single axon.

1. Both physiological and morphological studies revealed that cat tail muscles contain at least one pair of Golgi tendon organs innervated by branches of a single axon. 2. Fifteen pairs of such organs were subjected to physiological studies. It was found that, depending on the experimental conditions, two modes of interaction, ‘resetting’ and ‘impulse mixing’ may occur between impulse activities originating from individual tendon organs. 3. When a single action potential was elicited from one of a pair of Golgi tendon organs during an interimpulse interval of a train of impulse discharge originating from the partner organ, the subsequent impulses in the train were delayed ('resetting'). Similarly, if both organs were stimulated individually by a mechanical pulse to elicit a train of discharge, then during stimulation of both, only the response of one responding with higher frequency discharge was seen in the parent axon, the impulse activity of the partner organ being completely suppressed during this period. 4. Using the conditioning‐test technique it was demonstrated that the initiation of an action potential in one of a pair of Golgi tendon organs caused a significant decrease in excitability of the partner organ to mechanical stimulation. 5. Mixing of impulse discharges originating from individual Golgi tendon organs was shown to occur during stimulation of both by suprathreshold short mechanical pulses. 6. The functional implication of the above results has been discussed.
Virtual Bass-Clarinet In Modalys

This article describe how the authors and the Modalysteam (IRCAM) has collaborated to develop and implement a realtime model of a complete bass-clarinet to be used in the first authors composition "Rippled Reeds" for bassclarinet and electronics, that explore the relation between an acoustic woodwind instrument and a similar virtual one. The intend was to create a model that allowed fingerings to be specified generating predictable output, in order to overcome a number of practical shortcomings when chaining complicated forked fingerings producing multiphonics. The model should run in realtime so that it could be driven from the actual acoustical playing. After a brief introduction, the first section will reflect about the choice of synthesis method and motivate its compositional use. Second section describes how a model was created from measurements of a true bass-clarinet complete with reed, mouthpiece, tube, bell and holes, sufficiently efficient to run in realtime on one Intel processor. Third section describe the interface and how it raised questions of preset interpolation and multithreading to obtain polyphony. The conclusion draw the contours of what was achieved and outlines possible further studies.
The Future is The Past: Methylation QTLs in Schizophrenia

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have remarkably advanced insight into the genetic basis of schizophrenia (SCZ). Still, most of the functional variance in disease risk remains unexplained. Hence, there is a growing need to map genetic variability-to-genes-to-functions for understanding the pathophysiology of SCZ and the development of better treatments. Genetic variation can regulate various cellular functions including DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark with important roles in transcription and the mediation of environmental influences. Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) are derived by mapping levels of DNA methylation in genetically different, genotyped individuals and define loci at which DNA methylation is influenced by genetic variation. Recent evidence points to an abundance of meQTLs in brain tissues whose functional contributions to development and mental diseases are still poorly understood. Interestingly, fetal meQTLs reside in regulatory domains affecting methylome reconfiguration during early brain development and are enriched in loci identified by GWAS for SCZ. Moreover, fetal meQTLs are preserved in the adult brain and could trace early epigenomic deregulation during vulnerable periods. Overall, these findings highlight the role of fetal meQTLs in the genetic risk for and in the possible neurodevelopmental origin of SCZ.
SRL TOOL: penentuan peranan semantik berasaskan heuristik dalam pemprosesan bahasa tabii

ABSTRAK Penentuan peranan semantik adalah suatu proses untuk menentukan struktur argumen bagi predikat dalam suatu ayat atau teks dengan menggunakan kaedah penentuan semantik. Satu kaedah dalam penentuan peranan semantik ialah dengan menggunakan heuristik. Heuristik merupakan panduan untuk menyelesaikan masalah atau membuat keputusan dengan lebih cepat walaupun kadangkalanya, tidak secara optimum. Kebanyakan alatan atau aplikasi yang sedia ada untuk penentuan peranan semantik adalah terhad dan kurang mengaplikasikan kaedah penggunaan heuristik dalam penentuan tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan penentuan peranan semantik yang lebih tepat dengan menggunakan kaedah heuristik. Alatan untuk penentuan peranan semantik yang dinamakan SRL TOOL dibangunkan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketepatan penentuan peranan semantik menerusi penggunaan heuristik dan rujukan tanda sintaktik. Skop kajian tertumpu kepada penentuan sembilan peranan semantik yang dipilih iaitu Agent, Theme, Goal, Source, Instrument, Beneficiary, Location, Manner dan Time. Pendekatan kaedah penggunaan heuristik adalah untuk menentukan peranan semantik yang wujud dalam suatu ayat Bahasa Inggeris yang diuji. Pengujian dan penilaian telah dilakukan terhadap sembilan peranan semantik yang dikaji dengan menggunakan unit penilaian kejituan, dapatan semula dan F-Measure. Keputusan penilaian menunjukkan dapatan semula yang dicapai ialah 90.0% , kejituan 81.8% dan F-Measure 85.9% bagi pengujian ke atas set data ujian. SRL TOOL yang dibangunkan ini dapat membantu para penyelidik dalam bidang pemprosesan bahasa tabii. Selain itu juga, pembangunan perisian aplikasi ini turut berguna kepada pakar atau pelajar dalam bidang Linguistik.
Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies

The healing of wounds has always provided challenges for the medical community whether chronic or acute. Understanding the processes which enable wounds to heal is primarily carried out by the use of models, in vitro, animal and human. It is generally accepted that the use of human models offers the best opportunity to understand the factors that influence wound healing as well as to evaluate efficacy of treatments applied to wounds.
Effect of age on bronchodilator response.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Our objective was to compare the differential effects of age and drug type on bronchodilator response. DESIGN The design was an unblinded, randomized crossover study. SETTING An ambulatory pulmonary drug study unit was the setting. PATIENTS Nineteen young (18 to 25 yr) and 17 elderly (greater than 65 yr) stable asthmatic subjects were studied. INTERVENTIONS AND MEASUREMENTS Albuterol or ipratropium was given on two separate mornings using an MDI with extender. Subjects inhaled two puffs initially and then one puff every 30 min to a total of six puffs. Pulmonary function, blood pressure, and pulse were measured at baseline and every 30 min for 3 h. RESULTS All subjects had a greater than 15 percent increase in FEV1 with one or both drugs. More patients responded to albuterol than to ipratropium in both age groups. The maximum percentage of change from baseline was greater (p less than 0.05) with albuterol (mean, 40.1 percent in young and 60.5 percent in old) than with ipratropium (21.2 percent in young; 31.2 percent in old) in both groups. These differences remain significant after correction for baseline differences using area-under-the-curve analysis of the percent of maximum improvement; however, the differences between age groups for the same drug were not statistically significant by either index of change. There were also no differences between drugs or between age groups for time (or number of puffs) to reach maximum improvement (mean, 2.0 to 2.2 h for albuterol and 1.6 to 1.7 h for ipratropium). The changes in FVC and FEF25-75% were similar to FEV1. Changes in blood pressure and pulse were not significant. Three subjects stopped therapy with albuterol with side effects. CONCLUSIONS Both drugs are effective bronchodilators in young and old asthmatic subjects, but albuterol results in a greater magnitude of response in both age groups. Age is not a predictor of response to either drug.
Studying the biochemical and psychosomatic aspect of drivers’ fatigue

Central fatigue out of prolonged monotonous task and sleep deprivation in drivers accounts for majority of road-traffic accidents. This necessitates a precise staging of drivers’ fatigue in real time. The intent of this current study is to evaluate the overall fatigue in drivers by observing the variation of a series of biochemical and subjective parameters during simulated driving condition comprising monotonous task and sleep deprivation. Briefly, 12 well trained healthy drivers were subjected to simulated driving environment for a period of 16 hours with one night sleep deprivation. During the whole course of experiment, blood samples were collected at an interval of 5 hours and were analyzed for various biochemical parameters including random blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, triglyceride, cholesterol and total protein content. In addition, the extent of fatigue was quantified by some subjective assessment such as SF36v2 Health Survey Scoring, Beck Depression Inventory and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. All these parameters (both biochemical and subjective) gradually increased with the progress of fatigue. The subjective assessments concluded a substantial decline in health (both physical and mental) and a significant increase in depression level with the progression of fatigue. It was concluded that a combined result of biochemical parameters and subjective assessment can be utilized in clinical staging of fatigue.
Skilled in the Art of Being Idle: Reducing Energy Waste in Networked Systems

Networked end-systems such as desktops and set-top boxes are often left powered-on, but idle, leading to wasted energy consumption. An alternative would be for these idle systems to enter low-power sleep modes. Unfortunately, today, a sleeping system sees degraded functionality: first, a sleeping device loses its network "presence" which is problematic to users and applications that expect to maintain access to a remote machine and, second, sleeping can prevent running tasks scheduled during times of low utilization (e.g., network backups). Various solutions to these problems have been proposed over the years including wake-on-lan (WoL) mechanisms that wake hosts when specific packets arrive, and the use of a proxy that handles idle-time traffic on behalf of a sleeping host. As of yet, however, an in-depth evaluation of the potential for energy savings, and the effectiveness of proposed solutions has not been carried out. To remedy this, in this paper, we collect data directly from 250 enterprise users on their end-host machines capturing network traffic patterns and user presence indicators. With this data, we answer several questions: what is the potential value of proxying or using magic packets? which protocols and applications require proxying? how comprehensive does proxying need to be for energy benefits to be compelling? and so on. We find that, although there is indeed much potential for energy savings, trivial approaches are not effective. We also find that achieving substantial savings requires a careful consideration of the tradeoffs between the proxy complexity and the idle-time functionality available to users, and that these tradeoffs vary with user environment. Based on our findings, we propose and evaluate a proxy architecture that exposes a minimal set of APIs to support different forms of idle-time behavior.