Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Vegetation and Climate Change due to Future Increases in CO2 as Projected by a Fully Coupled Model with Dynamic Vegetation

Abstract Transient simulations are presented of future climate and vegetation associated with continued rising levels of CO2. The model is a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean–land–ice model with dynamic vegetation. The impacts of the radiative and physiological forcing of CO2 are diagnosed, along with the role of vegetation feedbacks. While the radiative effect of rising CO2 produces most of the warming, the physiological effect contributes additional warming by weakening the hydrologic cycle through reduced evapotranspiration. Both effects cause drying over tropical rain forests, while the radiative effect enhances Arctic and Indonesian precipitation. A global greening trend is simulated primarily due to the physiological effect, with an increase in photosynthesis and total tree cover associated with enhanced water-use efficiency. In particular, tree cover is enhanced by the physiological effect over moisture-limited regions. Over Amazonia, South Africa, and Australia, the radiative forcing produces soil dr.
Overwhelming O+ contribution to the plasma sheet energy density during the October 2003 superstorm:

[1] We studied dynamics of O+ ions during the superstorm that occurred on 29–31 October 2003, using energetic (9–210 keV/e) ion flux data obtained by the energetic particle and ion composition (EPIC) instrument on board the Geotail satellite and neutral atom data in the energy range of 10 eV to a few keV acquired by the low-energy neutral atom (LENA) imager on board the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) satellite. Since the low-energy neutral atoms are created from the outflowing ionospheric ions by the charge exchange process, we could examine variations of ionospheric ion outflow with the IMAGE/LENA data. In the near-Earth plasma sheet of XGSM ∼ −6 RE to −8.5 RE, we found that the H+ energy density showed no distinctive differences between the superstorm and quiet intervals (1–10 keV cm−3), while the O+ energy density increased from 0.05–3 keV cm−3 during the quiet intervals to ∼100 keV cm−3 during the superstorm. The O+/H+ energy density ratio reached 10–20 near the storm maximum, which is the largest ratio in the near-Earth plasma sheet ever observed by Geotail, indicating more than 90% of O+ in the total energy density. We argued that such extreme increase of the O+/H+ energy density ratio during the October 2003 superstorm was due to mass-dependent acceleration of ions by storm-time substorms as well as an additional supply of O+ ions from the ionosphere to the plasma sheet. We compared the ion composition between the ring current and the near-Earth plasma sheet reported by previous studies and found that they are rather similar. On the basis of the similarity, we estimated that the ring current had the O+/H+ energy density ratio as large as 10–20 for the October 2003 superstorm.
Mechanism-based proteomic screening identifies targets of thioredoxin-like proteins*

Results: A mechanism-based proteomic screening to identify targets of Conclusion: Targets of and Redox and non-redox targets could be identified by this method. ABSTRACT Thioredoxin (Trx)-fold proteins are protagonists of numerous cellular pathways that are subject to thiol-based redox control. The best-characterized regulator of thiols in proteins is Trx1 itself, which together with thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) comprises a key redox regulatory system in mammalian cells. However, there are numerous other Trx-like proteins, whose functions and redox interactors are unknown. It is also unclear if the principles of Trx1-based redox control apply to these proteins. Here, we employed a proteomic strategy to four Trx-like proteins containing CxxC motifs, namely Trx1, Rdx12, Trx-like protein 1 (Txnl1) and nucleoredoxin 1 (Nxn1), whose cellular targets were trapped in vivo using mutant Trx-like proteins, under conditions of low endogenous expression of these proteins. Prxs were detected as key redox targets of Trx1, but this approach also supported the detection of TR1, which is the Trx1 reductant, as well as mitochondrial intermembrane proteins AIFM1 and Mia40. In addition, glutathione peroxidase 4 was found to be a Rdx12 redox target. In contrast, no redox targets of Txnl1 and Nxn1 could be detected, suggesting that their CxxC motifs do not engage in mixed disulfides with cellular proteins. For some Trx-like proteins, the method allowed distinguishing redox and non-redox interactions. differences in the functions of their CxxC motifs, providing important insights into thiol-based redox control of cellular processes.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Delayed Neuronal Death That Involves p53

Hypoxia-induced delayed neuronal death is known to requirede novo gene expression; however, the molecular mediators that are involved remain undefined. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), in addition to promoting the expression of adaptive genes under conditions of hypoxia, has been implicated as being a necessary component in p53-mediated cell death in tumors. Using herpes amplicon-mediated gene transfer in cortical neuronal cultures, we demonstrate that delivery of a dominant-negative form of HIF-1α (HIFdn), capable of disrupting hypoxia-dependent transcription, reduces delayed neuronal death that follows hypoxic stress. In contrast, hypoxia-resistant p53-null primary cultures are not protected by HIFdn expression. These data indicate that, in hypoxic neurons, HIF-1α and p53 conspire to promote a pathological sequence resulting in cell death.
The Manchester respiratory-related sleep symptoms scale for patients with COPD: development and validation

Background: In COPD disturbed sleep is related to exacerbation frequency, poor quality of life, and early mortality. We developed the Manchester Respiratory-related Sleep Symptoms scale (MaRSS) to assess sleep-time symptoms in COPD. Methods: Focus groups including COPD and age-matched controls were used to develop an item-list, which was then administered to COPD patients and age-matched controls in a cross-sectional study. Hierarchical and Rasch analysis informed item selection and scale unidimensionality. Construct validity was examined using Pearson’s correlation with the Sleep Problems Index, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and FACIT-Fatigue scale. MaRSS change scores from baseline (stable) to exacerbation were assessed in a separate sub-study of COPD patients. Results: Thirty-six COPD patients and nine age-matched controls produced an initial 26-item list. The cross-sectional study involved 203 COPD patients (male: 63%, mean age 64.7 years) and 50 age-matched controls (male: 56%, mean age 65.8 years). Eighteen items were removed to develop an eight-item unidimensional scale covering breathlessness, chest tightness, cough, sputum production, lack of sleep, and medication use. MaRSS scores significantly correlated with sleep problems, SGRQ Total, and FACIT-Fatigue ( r = 0.58–0.62) and demonstrated a good fit to the Rasch model (chi-squared = 29.2; P = 0.04). In the substudy, MaRSS scores demonstrated a moderate effect size from baseline to exacerbation visit in 27 patients with 32 exacerbation episodes (Cohen’s d = 0.6). Conclusion: The MaRSS is a reliable, valid, and clinically responsive measure of respiratory-related symptoms that disturb sleep. It is simple to use and score, making it suitable for research and clinical practice.
Transcriptomic fingerprinting of Pseudomonas putida under alternative physiological regimes.

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a metabolically versatile soil bacterium useful both as a model biodegradative organism and as a host of catalytic activities of biotechnological interest. In this report, we present the high-resolution transcriptome of P. putida cultured on different carbon sources as revealed by deep sequencing of the corresponding RNA pools. Examination of the data from growth on substrates that are processed through distinct pathways (glucose, fructose, succinate and glycerol) revealed that ≥ 20% of the P. putida genome is differentially expressed depending on the ensuing physiological regime. Changes affected not only metabolic genes but also a suite of global regulators, e.g. the rpoS sigma subunit of RNA polymerase, various cold-shock proteins and the three HU histone-like proteins. Specifically, the genes encoding HU subunit variants hupA, hupB and hupN drastically altered their expression levels (and thus their ability to form heterodimeric combinations) under the diverse growth conditions. Furthermore, we found that two small RNAs, crcZ and crcY, known to inhibit the Crc protein that mediates catabolite repression in P. putida, were both down-regulated by glucose. The raw transcriptomic data generated in this work is made available to the community through the Gene Expression Omnibus database.
Effects of normal stress vibrations on frictional healing

We conducted laboratory experiments to study frictional healing and the effects of normal stress vibrations on healing. The experiments were carried out using a servo-controlled double-direct shear apparatus on 10 cm × 10 cm blocks separated by a 3 mm-thick gouge layer of fine-grained (grain size of 75–212 μm) quartz powder. We performed slide-hold-slide tests in which sliding surfaces were driven at a constant velocity, halted for a given interval, then restarted at the prior driving velocity. Healing varied systematically with cumulative displacement, and by conducting several sets of identical slide-hold-slides we calibrated and removed these effects. Forward modeling of the healing and relaxation curves using the rate- and state-dependent friction laws shows that a displacement-dependent increase in the parameter b can account for our observations. To study the effects of vibration, we varied the mean normal stress of 25 MPa during holds by double amplitudes ranging from 1 to 13 MPa at a frequency of 1 Hz. Vibrations increased rates and magnitudes of frictional relaxation and healing, most likely due to increased gouge compaction. These effects increased with increasing amplitude of vibration. We performed normal stress step tests and used the results to model the vibrational slide-hold-slide tests. Rate- and state-dependent constitutive laws cannot adequately describe the behavior we observed experimentally because they neglect gouge compaction. Mechanisms such as normal force oscillations may explain faster fault healing rates than would be predicted by standard laboratory measurements at constant stress.
Shape and spatially-varying BRDFs from photometric stereo

This paper describes a photometric stereo method designed for surfaces with spatially-varying BRDFs, including surfaces with both varying diffuse and specular properties. Our method builds on the observation that most objects are composed of a small number of fundamental materials. This approach recovers not only the shape but also material BRDFs and weight maps, yielding compelling results for a wide variety of objects. We also show examples of interactive lighting and editing operations made possible by our method.
Observation of D 0 Meson Nuclear Modific ations in Au+Au Collisions at √ S NN =200 GeV

We report the ﬁrst measurement of charmed-hadron ( D 0 ) production via the hadronic decay channel ( D 0 → K − + π + ) in Au+Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment. The charm production cross-section per nucleon-nucleon collision at mid-rapidity scales with the number of binary collisions, N bin , from p + p to central Au+Au collisions. The D 0 meson yields in central Au+Au collisions are strongly suppressed compared to those in p + p scaled by N bin , for transverse momenta p T > 3 GeV /c , demonstrating signiﬁcant energy loss of charm quarks in the hot and dense medium. An enhancement at intermediate p T is also observed. Model calculations including strong charm-medium interactions and coalescence hadronization describe our measurements.
Cost-effectiveness of twice-daily indacaterol/ glycopyrrolate inhalation powder for the treatment of moderate to severe COPD in the Us

Background: Indacaterol 27.5 µ g/glycopyrrolate 15.6 µ g (IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g) inhalation powder, a twice-daily, fixed-dose combination of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) and a long-acting antimuscarinic antagonist (LAMA), is indicated in the US for long-term maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with COPD. The safety and efficacy of IND/ GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g have been established, but cost-effectiveness is not yet known. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g with other long-acting COPD maintenance therapies. Methods: A Markov model was constructed from the US payer perspective. Health states were defined as mild (post-bronchodilator FEV 1 $ 80% of predicted), moderate (50% # FEV 1 , 80% of predicted), severe (30% # FEV 1 , 50% of predicted), and very severe (FEV 1 , 30% of predicted) COPD. Patients entering the model transitioned through health states based on placebo-adjusted change from baseline in trough FEV 1 for each comparator at week 12. Comparators included other US Food and Drug Administration-approved LABA/LAMA fixed-dose combinations as well as commonly prescribed LAMA and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid agents. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the model assumptions and the overall robustness of the results. Results: Using the model, IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g treatment for 12 weeks resulted in total costs of US $23,375 vs US $9,365 for placebo. Compared with placebo, IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 treatment resulted in the highest improvement in FEV 1 across all comparators and the lowest cost per decline in 100 mL FEV 1 . IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g was also among the most cost-effective treatment option as measured by St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire response rate, at US $3,518 per additional responder at 12 weeks compared with placebo. In addition, IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g had the lowest cost per severe exacerbation avoided vs placebo across all comparators (US $87,686). Conclusion: This model, developed from the US payer perspective with a 5-year time horizon, found IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 µ g to be a cost-effective treatment option for patients with moderate to severe COPD.
Impact of the Stratosphere on the Winter Tropospheric Teleconnections between ENSO and the North Atlantic and European Region

Abstract The possible role of stratospheric variability on the tropospheric teleconnection between El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the North Atlantic and European (NAE) region is addressed by comparing results from two ensembles of simulations performed with an atmosphere general circulation model fully resolving the stratosphere (with the top at 0.01 hPa) and its low-top version (with the top at 10 hPa). Both ensembles of simulations consist of nine members, covering the 1980–99 period and are forced with prescribed observed sea surface temperatures. It is found that both models capture the sensitivity of the averaged polar winter lower stratosphere to ENSO in the Northern Hemisphere, although with a reduced amplitude for the low-top model. In late winter and spring, the ENSO response at the surface is instead different in the two models. A large-scale coherent pattern in sea level pressure, with high pressures over the Arctic and low pressures over western and central Europe and the North Pacifi.
Reinstatement of reflex testing of stool samples for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) resulted in decreased incidence of hospital-associated VRE

Recommended Citation Munigala, Satish; McMullen, Kathleen M. ; Russo, Anthony J.; Jafarzadeh, S. Reza; Hoppe-Bauer, Joan; Burnham, Carey-Ann D. ; and Warren, David K. , "Reinstatement of reflex testing of stool samples for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) resulted in decreased incidence of hospital-associated VRE. " Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 38, 5. 619-621. (2017). https://digitalcommons.wustl. edu/open_access_pubs/5836
Systematic assessment of frailty

In research and clinical practice, older patients are increasingly classified according to their level of frailty, and this has become particularly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In its COVID-19 rapid guideline, the British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends that all patients over the age of 65 with COVID-19 be classified with the aid of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) (1). On 18 March 2020, the Norwegian Society for Geriatric Medicine also published a recommendation that older patients with COVID-19 should be classified according to this scale (2).
Achieving Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS50) is associated with both reduced damage accrual and mortality in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/acr.23867 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. DR. CHANAKYA SHARMA (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-4830-9547) MR. WARREN DAVID RAYMOND (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-2537-0070)
An expanded view of Lada Terra, Venus: New Arecibo radar observations of Quetzalpetlatl Corona and surrounding flows

[1] Quetzalpetlatl, a corona approximately 800 km in diameter, lies in Lada Terra centered at 68°S, 357°E. It is characterized by vast, radar-bright lava flows stretching to the southeast for over 1500 km, covering a total area of nearly 600,000 km2. Magellan SAR images covered most of the Quetzalpetlatl flow field, but 12.6 cm Arecibo radar data from March 2001 gives complete coverage of the region. With these new data, we examine the circular polarization properties of the Quetzalpetlatl flow field for comparison with other flows on Venus as well as terrestrial lava. Our analysis suggests that Quetzalpetlatl Corona is primarily a source for flows with 13-cm-scale roughness properties similar to terrestrial pahoehoe, and which appear to have traveled down a system of channels or tubes until reaching some unresolved topographic boundary. We also identify four new crater candidates.
Modelling landscape evolution

Geomorphology is currently in a period of resurgence as we seek to explain the diversity, origins and dynamics of terrain on the Earth and other planets in an era of increased environmental awareness. Yet there is a great deal we still do not know about the physics and chemistry of the processes that weaken rock and transport mass across a planet's surface. Discovering and refining the relevant geomorphic transport functions requires a combination of careful field measurements, lab experiments, and use of longer‐term natural experiments to test current theory and develop new understandings. Landscape evolution models have an important role to play in sharpening our thinking, guiding us toward the right observables, and mapping out the logical consequences of transport laws, both alone and in combination with other salient processes. Improved quantitative characterization of terrain and process, and an ever‐improving theory that describes the continual modification of topography by the many and varied processes that shape it, together with improved observation and qualitative and quantitative modelling of geology, vegetation and erosion processes, will provide insights into the mechanisms that control catchment form and function. This paper reviews landscape theory – in the form of numerical models of drainage basin evolution and the current knowledge gaps and future computing challenges that exist. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
in for

The traditional approach to biomarker discovery for any pathology has been through hypoth-esis-based research one candidate at a time. The objective of this study was to develop an agnostic approach for the simultaneous screening of plasma for consistent molecular differences between a group of individuals exhibiting a pathology and a group of healthy individuals. To achieve this, we focused on developing a predictive tool based on plasma for the amount of brain amyloid- β deposition as observed in PET scans. The accumulation of brain amyloid- β (A β ) plaques is a key risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease. A contrast was established between cognitively normal individuals above the age of 70 that differed for the amount of brain amyloid- β observed in PET scans (INSIGHT study group).
VI.—The Stratigraphical Evolution of the Midland Valley

Summary The Midland Valley, though not now a rift valley, had its origin in a rift defined by the Highland Boundary Fault and the Southern Uplands Fault. Its northern margin may be clearly traced from the North Sea to the Atlantic; its southern margin is well expressed in Scotland but becomes hidden in central and western Ireland. In its earliest recognisable form the region of the rift appears to have been a positive tract, elevated to significantly higher erosion levels than the region of the Highlands to the north: during the greater part of Ordovician and earlier Silurian times it was a floor on which neritic sediments, showing repeated discontinuities in sequence, were accumulating on the margins of a geosyncline to the south. Arenig rocks on the shelf may perhaps rest on thin Cambrian or on Pre-Cambrian, but are thrown along the Highland Boundary Fault against thick Dalradian—Cambrian sediments to the north: a circumstance best interpreted as due to dislocation with downthrow to the north in pre-Arenig times. The Highland Boundary Fault may thus in origin be regarded as a “normal” fault and not a thrust, though later movements alternated repeatedly along it. Lower Old Red Sandstone mostly rests (in present outcrops) discordantly on older rocks. It was deposited in a major basin situated approximately along the rift, but a basin probably established by swelling uplift of the Highlands and the Southern Uplands, rather than by powerful movements along marginal faults. It extended without interruption or great reduction in thickness This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract
A fundamental evaluation of the electrical properties and function of cardiac transverse tubules

This work discusses active and passive electrical properties of transverse (T-)tubules in ventricular cardiomyocytes to understand the physiological roles of T-tubules. T-tubules are invaginations of the lateral membrane that provide a large surface for calcium-handling proteins to facilitate sarcomere shortening. Higher heart rates correlate with higher T-tubular densities in mammalian ventricular cardiomyocytes. We assess ion dynamics in T-tubules and the effects of sodium current in T-tubules on the extracellular potential, which leads to a partial reduction of the sodium current in deep segments of a T-tubule. We moreover reflect on the impact of T-tubules on macroscopic conduction velocity, integrating fundamental principles of action potential propagation and conduction. We also theoretically assess how the conduction velocity is affected by different T-tubular sodium current densities. Lastly, we critically assess literature on ion channel expression to determine whether action potentials can be initiated in T-tubules.