Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR17A1) of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 Degrades the Rice Field Herbicide Butachlor and Confers Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in E. coli

Present study deals with the identification of a novel aldo/keto reductase, AKR17A1 from Anabaena sp. PCC7120 and adds on as 17th family of AKR superfamily drawn from a wide variety of organisms. AKR17A1 shares many characteristics of a typical AKR such as— (i) conferring tolerance to multiple stresses like heat, UV-B, and cadmium, (ii) excellent activity towards known AKR substrates (isatin and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde), and (iii) obligate dependence on NADPH as a cofactor for enzyme activity. The most novel attribute of AKR17A1, first reported in this study, is its capability to metabolize butachlor, a persistent rice field herbicide that adversely affects agro-ecosystem and non-target organisms. The AKR17A1 catalyzed- degradation of butachlor resulted into formation of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid and 2,6 bis (1,1, dimethylethyl) 4,-methyl phenol as the major products confirmed by GC-MS analysis.
Perspectives on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing: Summary of the Panel of IEEE ICCI'09

Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates into the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. This paper summarizes the presentations of a set of 14 position papers in the ICCI'09 Panel on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing contributed from invited panelists who are part of the world's renowned researchers and scholars in the field of cognitive informatics and cognitive computing.
Referral to the Emergency Department by a Primary Care Provider Predicts Severity of Illness

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether referral to a pediatric emergency department (PED) by a primary care provider was associated with greater severity of illness, as determined on the basis of clinical measures and increased resource utilization. METHODS: A retrospective study of data for 121 088 children who presented to a PED with abdominal pain, fever, or respiratory complaints during a 5-year period was performed. Demographic data, referral status, and proxy markers of illness severity were collected from the medical records and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 26.3% of all patients seen in the PED presented with these 3 complaint categories. With adjustment for age, gender, race, and insurance class, referred patients were significantly more likely to have high triage acuity designations, higher rates of very abnormal vital signs, and higher admission rates, compared with patients who were self-referred. Referred patients were more likely to undergo testing (laboratory or radiologic), to receive intravenous fluid therapy and pain medications, and to be assigned higher-severity discharge diagnoses, such as appendicitis, septic shock, or status asthmaticus. CONCLUSIONS: Referral by a primary care provider to a PED was significantly and independently associated with greater severity of illness and resource utilization. Referral status should be considered in algorithms used to triage cases for evaluation in the PED.
In Vivo Selection of Campylobacter Isolates with High Levels of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Associated with gyrA Mutations and the Function of the CmeABC Efflux Pump

ABSTRACT Enrofloxacin treatment of chickens infected with fluoroquinolone(FQ)-sensitive Campylobacter promoted the emergence of FQ-resistant Campylobacter mutants which propagated in the intestinal tract and recolonized the chickens. The recovered isolates were highly resistant to quinolone antibiotics but remained susceptible to non-FQ antimicrobial agents. Specific single-point mutations in the gyrA gene and the function of the CmeABC efflux pump were linked to the acquired FQ resistance. These results reveal that Campylobacter is hypermutable in vivo under the selection pressure of FQ and highlight the need for the prudent use of FQ antibiotics.
Neuroeconomics and General Neural Biomarkers

The study reviews neuroeconomic studies of Frontal integration with a view to identify components of relevance to decision-maling. Results: Four different partitions of the Frontal Cortex are identified as relevant to integration: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex integrates emotional drives from the Mesolimbic dopamine system by inhibition of Orbitofrontal Cortex and activation of cognitive analysis by Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC). Prospective decisions are maintained as pending goals in the Frontopolar Cortex Conclusion: Frontal integration balances a reinforcing mesolimbic value system with Neocortical value prediction. General neural biomarkers are identified: 1) Emotional stress arising from the conflict of Limbic and Frontal systems is indicated by the basal heart rate variability and 2) Cognitive stress arising from overloaded goal-direction by dlPFC may be indicated by the basal galvanic skin conductance balance of hands. DlPFC is served by semantic memories recollected from Temporal Cortex and a visuospatial sketchpad in the Parietal Cortex.
Enhancing Women's Graduate Education: Workshoping Women's Socialization to the Academic Profession

This article outlines the impact of a professional development workshop, Women in Academe, arguing that it offers a first step in addressing a crucial gap in graduate students' education. Workshop participants' feedback confirms the usefulness of providing opportunities for discussion and strategizing to enhance women's career success in the academy. Resume Cet article souligne l’impact d’un atelier de perfectionnement professionnel, "Women in Academe," qui soutient qu’il offre un premier pas vers la resolution de l’ecart crucial entre l’education des etudiantes du deuxieme et du troisieme cycle. La retroaction des participantes a l’atelier confirme qu’il etait utile d’offrir des occasions pour la discussion et de faire le stratageme pour promouvoir le succes de carriere des femmes dans l’academie.
A Screen for Round Egg Mutants in Drosophila Identifies Tricornered, Furry, and Misshapen as Regulators of Egg Chamber Elongation

The elongation of tissues and organs during embryonic development results from the coordinate polarization of cell behaviors with respect to the elongation axis. Within the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, initially spherical egg chambers lengthen dramatically as they develop to create the elliptical shape of the mature egg. This morphogenesis depends on an unusual form of planar polarity within the egg chamber’s outer epithelial cell layer known as the follicle cells. Disruption of follicle cell planar polarity leads to the production of round rather than elongated eggs; however, the molecular mechanisms that control this tissue organization are poorly understood. Starting from a broadly based forward genetic screen, we have isolated 12 new round egg complementation groups, and have identified four of the mutated genes. In mapping the largest complementation group to the fat2 locus, we unexpectedly discovered a high incidence of cryptic fat2 mutations in the backgrounds of publicly available stocks. Three other complementation groups correspond to the genes encoding the cytoplasmic signaling proteins Tricornered (Trc), Furry (Fry), and Misshapen (Msn). Trc and Fry are known members of an NDR kinase signaling pathway, and as a Ste20-like kinase, Msn may function upstream of Trc. We show that all three proteins are required for follicle cell planar polarity at early stages of egg chamber elongation and that Trc shows a planar polarized distribution at the basal follicle cell surface. These results indicate that this new mutant collection is likely to provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling follicle cell planar polarity and egg chamber elongation.
Minimum and maximum utilization bounds for multiprocessor RM scheduling

This paper deals with the problem of finding utilization bounds for multiprocessor rate monotonic scheduling with partitioning. The minimum and maximum utilization bounds among all the reasonable allocation algorithms are calculated. We prove that the utilization bound associated with the reasonable allocation heuristic Worst Fit (WF) is equal to that minimum. In addition, we prove that the utilization bound associated with the heuristics First Fit Decreasing (FFD) and Best Fit Decreasing (BFD) is equal to the maximum, of value (n+1)(2/sup 1/2/-1), where n is the number of processors.
The Gap: The Science of What Separates Us from Other Animals

There exists an undeniable chasm between the capacities of humans and those of animals. Our minds have spawned civilizations and technologies that have changed the face of the Earth, whereas even our closest animal relatives sit unobtrusively in their dwindling habitats. Yet despite longstanding debates, the nature of this apparent gap has remained unclear. What exactly is the difference between our minds and theirs? In The Gap, psychologist Thomas Suddendorf provides a definitive account of the mental qualities that separate humans from other animals, as well as how these differences arose. Drawing on two decades of research on apes, children, and human evolution, he surveys the abilities most often cited as uniquely human--language, intelligence, morality, culture, theory of mind, and mental time travel--and finds that two traits account for most of the ways in which our minds appear so distinct: Namely, our open-ended ability to imagine and reflect on scenarios, and our insatiable drive to link our minds together. These two traits explain how our species was able to amplify qualities that we inherited in parallel with our animal counterparts; transforming animal communication into language, memory into mental time travel, sociality into mind reading, problem solving into abstract reasoning, traditions into culture, and empathy into morality. Suddendorf concludes with the provocative suggestion that our unrivalled status may be our own creation--and that the gap is growing wider not so much because we are becoming smarter but because we are killing off our closest intelligent animal relatives. Weaving together the latest findings in animal behavior, child development, anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience, this book will change the way we think about our place in nature. A major argument for reconsidering what makes us human, The Gap is essential reading for anyone interested in our evolutionary origins and our relationship with the rest of the animal kingdom.
Structured Collaboration versus Individual Learning in Solving Physics Problems

The research issue in this study is how to structure collaborative learning so that it improves solving physics problems more than individual learning. Structured collaborative learning has been compared with individual learning environments with Schoenfeld’s problem‐solving episodes. Students took a pre‐test and a post‐test and had the opportunity to solve six physics problems. Ninety‐nine students from a secondary school in Shanghai participated in the study. Students who learnt to solve problems in collaboration and students who learnt to solve problems individually with hints improved their problem‐solving skills compared with those who learnt to solve the problems individually without hints. However, it was hard to discern an extra effect for students working collaboratively with hints—although we observed these students working in a more structured way than those in the other groups. We discuss ways to further investigate effective collaborative processes for solving physics problems.
Mentally Retarded Children's Comprehension of Another Person's Emotional State

Psychological study of developmentally delayed children is becoming ever more relevant because of expansion of the network of special schools and classes for such children. Difficulties in teaching them has focused investigators' attention primarily on the unique qualities of their cognitive processes. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that it is necessary to take into account the personality traits and the affective sphere of these children if a thorough analysis of their cognitive processes is to be achieved.
Mathematics for Multimedia Signal Processing II: Discrete Finite Frames and Signal Reconstruction

Certain signal reconstruction problems can be understood in terms of frames and redundant representations. The redundancy is useful because it leads to robust signal representations, that is, representations in which partial loss of data can be tolerated without misbehavior or adverse effects. This chapter begins by presenting a few engineering problems in which robust data representations play a central role. It turns out that these problems, which occur in signal processing, spectrum analysis, information theory, and fault-tolerant computing, are closely related or even equivalent. However, perhaps surprisingly, the connections between them have gone nearly unnoticed so far. Frames, and in particular discrete finite frames, provide one of the ways of understanding certain of these problems, including the important missing data problem. Some of the methods that can be used to recover from missing data errors are examined, emphasizing finite-dimensional theory because of its simplicity and practical usefulness, and interpreting the results in terms of discrete finite frames. The connection between the frame algorithm and a few other iterative reconstruction methods, such as POCS and the Papoulis-Gerchberg iteration, is detailed.
Mission planning of autonomous UAVs for urban surveillance with evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, a mission planning system is presented that generates mission plans for a group of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide continuous surveillance over an urban area. Given the information of terrain and buildings in the target area, a two-stage approach is employed to solve the problem. In the first stage, a set of camera locations called the vantage set is generated that provides complete coverage of the target area. In the second stage, one or several UAVs are determined to collectively share the vantage set and their individual paths are generated to carry out the continuous surveillance duty. In both stages, evolutionary algorithms (genetic algorithm for vantage set generation and ant colony system for UAV/path planning) are used to search for the optimal solution. During the search, constraints such as the flying capabilities of UAVs and collision avoidance are imposed to guarantee the feasibility of the final result.
Depression in later life

1. Why focus on depression? 2. The impact of depression. 3. Helping depressed older people. 4. Depression and dementia. 5. Depression, anxiety and psychosis. 6. Suicide and self-harm. 7. Carers' support. 8. Prevention of depression. 9. Conclusion. References. Subject index. Author index.
Is Loss Aversion Causing "FREE!" to Flourish?

“Buy one – get one free! ” is one of hundreds of commercial messages you see every day. Recent research has concluded what salespeople have known for decades; there is something peculiar about offers involving the concept of free. Suddenly people start to behave irrationally and make choices far from the predictable safe havens of classical economic theory. This thesis test the existence of a zero-price effect and examines if a person’s level of loss aversion is a possible cause for the effect. 291 respondents participated in two experiments conducted through an online survey. In each experiment the respondent took a loss aversion test and answered one of three randomized questions. The randomized questions differed between the two experiments; the loss aversion test did not. The results suggest that there is a significant zero-price effect when choosing between precise options. The effect is stronger amongst those with a higher level of loss aversion. Hence, people afraid of loss seem to be more receptive to free offers.
Monitoring of electrocardiograms in bed without utilizing body surface electrodes

A system by which an electrocardiogram can be obtained without the individual's awareness was investigation. It involves placing the electrodes in a bed set composed of electrically conductive textiles. Electrocardiograms were successfully obtained during sleep. However, during the periods of the subject's movement in bed, the waveform became unrecognizable. <<ETX>>
Animacy and reference

The concept of ‘animacy’ concerns the fundamental and cognitive question of the extent to which we recognize and express living things as saliently human-like or animal-like. In Animacy and Reference Mutsumi Yamamoto pursues two main objectives: First, to establish a conceptual framework of animacy, and secondly, to explain how the concept of animacy can be reflected in the use of referential expressions. Unlike previous studies on the subject focussing on grammatical manifestations, Animacy and Reference sheds light upon the conceptual properties of animacy itself and its reflection in referential processes. For the research of this study the author focussed on languages that show completely different tendencies. As a result, English and Japanese ‘parallel corpora’ are analysed yielding salient observations and opening intriguing discussions.
Some Observations on the Nonextinguishability of Children's Speech.

LOVAAS, O. IVAR; VARNI, JAMES W. ; KOEGEL, ROBERT L. ; and LORSCH, NANCY. Some Observations on the Nonextinguishability of Children's Speech. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 1121-1127. This study attempted to test the notion that the reinforcing stimuli which maintain high rates of speech may not consist solely of events extrinsic to the person but may involve (sensory) stimulation generated by the behavior itself. Psychotic and normal children were placed in a variety of environments and their verbal behavior was recorded while they were alone, with no apparent social reinforcement for their speech. The data show very little change in the children's verbal output over rather extensive observations and suggest that the verbal behavior may in part provide its own source of (sensory) reinforcement.
On credibility of simulation studies of telecommunication networks

In telecommunication networks, as in many other areas of science and engineering, the proliferation of computers as research tools has resulted in the adoption of computer simulation as the most commonly used paradigm of scientific investigations. This, together with a plethora of existing simulation languages and packages, has created a popular opinion that simulation is mainly an exercise in computer programming. In new computing environments, programming can be minimized, or even fully replaced, by the manipulation of icons (representing prebuilt programming objects containing basic functional blocks of simulated systems) on a computer monitor. One can say that we have witnessed another success of modern science and technology: the emergence of wonderful and powerful tools for exploring and predicting the behavior of such complex stochastic dynamic systems as telecommunication networks. But this enthusiasm is not shared by all researchers in this area. An opinion is spreading that one cannot rely on the majority of the published results on performance evaluation studies of telecommunication networks based on stochastic simulation, since they lack credibility. Indeed, the spread of this phenomenon is so wide that one can speak about a deep crisis of credibility. In this article this claim is supported by the results of a survey of over 2200 publications on telecommunication networks in proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM and such journals as IEEE Transactions on Communications, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, and Performance Evaluation Journal. The discussion focuses on two important necessary conditions of a credible simulation study: use of appropriate pseudo-random generators of independent uniformly distributed numbers, and appropriate analysis of simulation output data. Having considered their perils and pitfalls, we formulate guidelines that, if observed, could help to ensure a basic level of credibility of simulation studies of telecommunication networks.
Investigating the effects of background knowledge on Chinese word processing during text reading: evidence from eye movements

This study investigates the effects of background knowledge on Chinese word processing during silent reading by monitoring adult readers’ eye movements. Both higher knowledge (physics major) and lower knowledge (nonphysics major) graduate students were given physics texts to read. Higher knowledge readers spent less time rereading and had lower regression rates on unfamiliar physics words and common words in physics texts than did lower knowledge readers; they also had shorter gaze durations and fewer first-pass fixations on familiar physics words than on unfamiliar physics words. For unfamiliar physics words and common words, both groups predominantly fixated first on the beginnings of words when they made multiple fixations on a word and on a left-of-centre location when they fixated only once on a word. These findings suggest that both groups comprise mature readers with strong language concepts. However, differences in background knowledge led to different reading processes at different stages of reading.
Detection of shockable and non-shockable rhythms in presence of CPR artifacts by time-frequency ECG analysis

Time-frequency domain features of chest compression (CC) artefacts, non-shockable (NShR) and shockable (ShR) rhythms were investigated. The aim was to provide reliable shock advisory analysis during CC by single channel electrocardiogram (ECG) processing. Three frequency bands were suggested to enhance specific components of the CC artefacts, NShR and ShR rhythms: (i) 2–3 Hz to emphasize the similarity of the basic wave of CC Artefacts; (ii) 4–7 Hz to highlight the irregularity of the fibrillation waves in ShR; (iii) 10–20 Hz to support the presence of QRS complexes in NShR. Based on our studies in the defined frequency bands, an automatic shock-advisory system (SAS) for detection of NShR and ShR in CC-contaminated ECGs was built. SAS assessed with ECGs from a testing dataset provided Se=94.2% for ShR, Sp=87% for NShR, Sp=83.7% for asystoles.
Archiving as History-Making: Religious politics of social media in India

This article explores the case of right-wing Hindu nationalist volunteers in India, to turn a critical eye on a digital practice that has become prominent on new media in India in recent times—the assembling of facts, figures, and treatises as an ideological exercise by the net-savvy “nonexperts. ” Using qualitative methods, I argue that this practice of online archiving constitutes a distinct politics of history-making. I show how archiving-as-history-making is pertinent especially for religion's interface with cyberspace and the varied ways in which online users participate in religious politics. Online archiving for religious politics offers a sobering, and even troubling, picture of the digital commons, and unsettles some of the universalist claims underlying much celebrated user-generated content.