Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Camera trapping photographic rate as an index of density in forest ungulates

Summary 1. Calibrating indices of animal abundance to true densities is critical in wildlife studies especially when direct density estimations are precluded by high costs, lack of required data or model parameters, elusiveness and rarity of target species. For studies deploying camera traps, the use of photographic rate (photographs per sampling time) as an index of abundance potentially applies to the majority of terrestrial mammals where individual recognition, and hence capture–recapture analysis, are unfeasible. The very few studies addressing this method have either been limited by lack of independence between trapping rates and density estimations, or because they combined different species, thus introducing potential bias in camera trap detection rates. This study uses a single model species from several sites to analyse calibration of trapping rates to independently derived estimations of density. The study also makes the first field test of the method by Rowcliffe et al. (2008) for density derivation from camera trapping rates based on modelling animal-camera contacts. 2. We deployed camera traps along line transects at six sites in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania and correlated trapping rates of Harvey’s duiker Cephalophus harveyi with densities estimated from counts made along the same transects. 3. We found a strong, linear relationship (R 2 =0 AE90) between trapping rate and density. Sampling precision analysis indicates that camera trapping rates reach satisfactory precision when trapping effort amounts to 250–300 camera days. Density estimates using Rowcliffe et al.’s (2008) gas model conversion are higher than from transect censuses; we discuss the possible reasons and stress the need for more field tests. 4. Synthesis and applications. Subject to rigorous and periodic calibration, and standardization of sampling procedures in time and over different sites, camera trapping rate is shown to be, in this study, a valid index of density in the target species. Comparative data indicate that this may also apply to forest ungulates in general. The method has great potential for standardizing monitoring programmes and reducing the costs of wildlife surveys, especially in remote areas.
Impact of hysterectomy on the age-specific incidence of cervical and uterine cancer in Germany and other countries.

BACKGROUND Incidence rates of cervical and uterine cancer are usually determined without elimination of hysterectomized women from the population at risk. The aim of this report is to provide age-specific incidence rates of these cancers uncorrected and corrected for hysterectomized women in Germany and to compare these findings with the international literature. METHODS Most recent incidence estimates of cervical and uterine cancer (11,318 and 26,379 cervical and uterine cancer cases, respectively) of the years 2003-7 in Germany were included. The population at risk was corrected by age-specific prevalence estimates of hysterectomy in Germany. Thereafter, corrected incidence rates were estimated. RESULTS The incidence of cervical and uterine cancer among women aged 65 years or more increased by 67% (cervical cancer from 16.5 to 27.5 and uterine cancer from 79.6 to 133.2 per 100,000 person-years) after correction for hysterectomized women. The distortion of the age pattern of uncorrected incidence rates of cervical cancer for women aged 45-64 years (apparent decline) in Germany virtually disappeared after correction for hysterectomized women. Correction for hysterectomized women resulted in larger relative increases of the cancer rates in the U.S. than European countries. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of hysterectomized women in the population at risk results in a marked underestimate of the incidences of cervical and uterine cancer among elderly women and potentially biases age-specific incidence patterns and lifetime risk estimates of these cancers. Continuous monitoring of the incidences of cervical cancer corrected for hysterectomized women is needed.
Positive Modulatory Interactions of NMDA Receptor GluN1/2B Ligand Binding Domains Attenuate Antagonists Activity

N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play crucial role in normal brain function and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Functional tetra-heteromeric NMDAR contains two obligatory GluN1 subunits and two identical or different non-GluN1 subunits that include six different gene products; four GluN2 (A–D) and two GluN3 (A–B) subunits. The heterogeneity of subunit combination facilities the distinct function of NMDARs. All GluN subunits contain an extracellular N-terminal Domain (NTD) and ligand binding domain (LBD), transmembrane domain (TMD) and an intracellular C-terminal domain (CTD). Interaction between the GluN1 and co-assembling GluN2/3 subunits through the LBD has been proven crucial for defining receptor deactivation mechanisms that are unique for each combination of NMDAR. Modulating the LBD interactions has great therapeutic potential. In the present work, by amino acid point mutations and electrophysiology techniques, we have studied the role of LBD interactions in determining the effect of well-characterized pharmacological agents including agonists, competitive antagonists, and allosteric modulators. The results reveal that agonists (glycine and glutamate) potency was altered based on mutant amino acid sidechain chemistry and/or mutation site. Most antagonists inhibited mutant receptors with higher potency; interestingly, clinically used NMDAR channel blocker memantine was about three-fold more potent on mutated receptors (N521A, N521D, and K531A) than wild type receptors. These results provide novel insights on the clinical pharmacology of memantine, which is used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. In addition, these findings demonstrate the central role of LBD interactions that can be exploited to develop novel NMDAR based therapeutics.
Webpage Sentiment Analysis using Common Ontology WordNet

Research in Sentiment Analysis has shown rapid progress since late 90s. It is an important research area as analyzing user’s feedback is useful for business analysis, product comparison, counter intelligence, and poll prediction. Despite the rapid surge of Sentiment Analysis research, many unresolved research questions remain. One of the biggest concerns is the Semantic Gap, which involves translating machine understandable form to human understandable form. Though research has been carried out for machine to understand human language, it is still not capable to address the problem mentioned as human languages are diverse and complex. WordNet, for example, attempt to address this issue by incorporating large lexical database for English, with various functionalities to manipulate this database. Recently, WordNet provides multilingual support, which is very helpful to address the diverse human languages. In this paper, we propose a novel multilingual common ontology tool to analyze user’s feedback and opinion. Unlike other existing state of the art tools, our tool is capable of handling multi languages regardless of the webpage layout. Experimental results show that our tool is highly efficient in analyzing opinion from social networking sites.
Employing linked data and dialogue for modelling cultural awareness of a user

Intercultural competence is an essential 21st Century skill. A key issue for developers of cross-cultural training simulators is the need to provide relevant learning experience adapted to the learnerfis abilities. This paper presents a dialogic approach for a quick assessment of the depth of a learner's current intercultural awareness as part of the EU ImREAL project. To support the dialogue, Linked Data is seen as a rich knowledge base for a diverse range of resources on cultural aspects. This paper investigates how semantic technologies could be used to: (a) extract a pool of concrete culturally-relevant facts from DBpedia that can be linked to various cultural groups and to the learner, (b) model a learner's knowledge on a selected set of cultural themes and (c) provide a novel, adaptive and user-friendly, user modelling dialogue for cultural awareness. The usability and usefulness of the approach is evaluated by CrowdFlower and Expert Inspection.
Effect of timing of ketorolac administration on patient-controlled opioid use.

In order to investigate the analgesic effect of timing of administration of ketorolac 10 mg i.v. , we recorded patient-controlled use of diamorphine at 2, 4 and 12 h after abdominal hysterectomy. In a randomized, double-blind trial, 30 patients received ketorolac before skin incision and 28 after skin closure. A control group of 32 patients did not receive ketorolac. We measured operative blood loss and assessed nausea, vomiting and pruritus. After 2 h of patient-controlled analgesia, the median cumulative diamorphine dose in the group given ketorolac before operation was less than that of the control group (95% confidence interval 8-66 micrograms kg-1; P = 0.01). There were no other statistically significant differences in diamorphine consumption between the groups. The frequency of nausea and vomiting was similar in all groups Median blood loss in the group given ketorolac before operation exceeded that of the patients who did not receive ketorolac before operation (95% confidence interval 20-149 ml; P = 0.01). We conclude that the diamorphine-sparing effect of ketorolac attributable to timing of administration was small, conferred no clinical benefit and was accompanied by increased bleeding. No patient given ketorolac complained of pruritus.
Crossing boundaries: toward a general model of neuroaesthetics

Since its dawn in the early 2000s, neuroaesthetics has been flowering as an independent research field (Nadal and Skov, 2013). Its emergence has mostly been driven by researchers who specialize in the study of visual perception and cognition, and who show interest in visual arts. This strong link between neuroaesthetics and vision science is reflected not only by the fact that the term “neuroaesthetics” was coined by the renowned vision researcher Semir Zeki (Zeki and Nash, 1999), but also by recent reviews on neuroaesthetics focusing primarily on aesthetic experiences induced by paintings, abstract patterns, landscapes, faces, architecture, fashion and design objects (Cinzia and Vittorio, 2009; Cela-Conde et al., 2011; Chatterjee, 2011, 2014; Nadal, 2013; Chatterjee and Vartanian, 2014). Current models of aesthetic experiences and their brain correlates revolve around the visual modality and include moderators of aesthetic experiences (social, cultural and situational context, personality, expertise etc.) (Ramachandran and Hirstein, 1999; Chatterjee, 2004; Tinio, 2013; Leder and Nadal, 2014; Redies, 2015). These models are not exclusively concerned with the study of beauty or preference, although these concepts are of historical importance, but include a wide range of aesthetic emotions, judgements, and behaviors.
Measurement of instantaneous shaft speed by advanced vibration signal processing - Application to wind turbine gearbox

Condition monitoring of machines working under non-stationary operations is one of the most challenging problems in maintenance. A wind turbine is an example of such class of machines. One of effective approaches may be to identify operating conditions and investigate their influence on used diagnostic features. Commonly used methods based on measurement of electric current, rotational speed, power and other process variables require additional equipment (sensors, acquisition cards) and software. It is proposed to use advanced signal processing techniques for instantaneous shaft speed recovery from a vibration signal. It may be used instead of extra channels or in parallel as signal verification.
Optimized Wavelet Denoising Algorithm Using Hybrid Noise Model for Radiographic Images

To improve the performance of denoising algorithm for industrial radiographic testing (RT) images, an optimized wavelet denoising algorithm using hybrid noise model (WDHM) is proposed. Firstly, a hybrid noise model is constructed by analyzing the noise components to solve the problem of noise variance estimation when wavelet denoising is adopted for RT images. Then, a wavelet processing threshold is determined by the hybrid noise model, and noise in RT images is reduced by wavelet denoising. Meanwhile, a fixed-point median processing is used for eliminating image distortion caused by wavelet denoising. Comparing with conventional wavelet and Wiener filter denoising, the experimental results show that WDHM not only gets good denoising effectiveness, but also keeps a good balance between removing noise and preserving edge characteristics well.
Hyperinsulinemia Is Associated With Increased Production Rate of Intestinal Apolipoprotein B-48–Containing Lipoproteins in Humans

Objectives—Whereas postprandial hyperlipidemia is a well-described feature of insulin-resistant states and type 2 diabetes, no previous studies have examined intestinal lipoprotein production rates (PRs) in relation to hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in humans. Methods and Results—Apolipoprotein B-48 (apoB-48)–containing lipoprotein metabolism was examined in the steady-state fed condition with a 15-hour primed constant infusion of [D3]-l-leucine in 14 nondiabetic men with a broad range of body mass index (BMI) and insulin sensitivity. To examine the relationship between indices of insulin resistance and intestinal lipoprotein PR data were analyzed in 2 ways: by correlation and by comparing apoB-48 PRs in those whose fasting plasma insulin concentrations were above or below the median for the 14 subjects studied (60 pmol/L). ApoB-48 PR was significantly higher in hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant subjects (1.73±0.39 versus 0.88±0.13 mg/kg per day; P<0.05) and correlated with fasting plasma insulin concentrations (r=0.558; P=0.038), despite great heterogeneity in apoB-48 kinetic parameters, particularly among the obese subjects. There was no significant difference in clearance of apoB-48 between the 2 groups, nor was there a significant correlation between apoB-48 fractional clearance rate and fasting insulin or homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Conclusions—These are the first human data to conclusively demonstrate that intestinal apoB-48–containing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein PR is increased in hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant humans. Intestinal lipoprotein particle overproduction is a newly described feature of insulin resistance in humans.
Using Local Food and Drink to Differentiate Tourism Destinations Through a Sense of Place

Abstract The importance of using local food and drink to develop a “Sense of Place,” create a unique visitor experience and differentiate tourism destinations while providing economic benefits to the local community cannot be underestimated. This paper will present research commissioned by Adventa, Monmouthshire's LEADER + programme, which was designed to develop a Sense of Monmouthshire training module aimed at tourism businesses in Monmouthshire. While the training module specifically focuses on Monmouthshire there are generic lessons about the use of local food and drink. A “Sense of Place” can be used to exploit the unique attributes of a destination, but it needs to be selectively customised by individual businesses to exploit the distinctive social and cultural characteristics of a destination and provide a unique visitation experience. Through an integrated and holistic approach to tourism development the Sense of Monmouthshire training module should help to extend the tourism season, enhance quality, develop community pride and preserve Monmouthshire's identity.
Comments on the "Meshless Helmholtz-Hodge Decomposition"

The Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition (HHD) is one of the fundamental theorems of fluids describing the decomposition of a flow field into its divergence-free, curl-free, and harmonic components. Solving for the HHD is intimately connected to the choice of boundary conditions which determine the uniqueness and orthogonality of the decomposition. This article points out that one of the boundary conditions used in a recent paper "Meshless Helmholtz-Hodge Decomposition" is, in general, invalid and provides an analytical example demonstrating the problem. We hope that this clarification on the theory will foster further research in this area and prevent undue problems in applying and extending the original approach.
Converting Topics of User Query Sequences for Cooperative Web Search

In this paper, we propose a method of converting a given sequence of search queries about a certain topic into a sequence of search queries about a given different topic. We define the concept of a search skeleton for topic conversion. A search skeleton represents relationships between keywords in a query. A given sequence of search queries is converted into a sequence of search skeletons, which are in turn converted into a sequence of search queries about the target topic. We evaluated our method of search query conversion and found that the precision for deciding types of subtopic keywords in search queries was 84.4%, the precision for finding relational keywords was 35.7%, and the precision for converting dynamic subtopic keywords was 40.0%.
Biased processing of sleep-related information in children 'at risk' of insomnia : a pilot study & clinical research portfolio.

This study piloted methodology applied in the fields of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Panic Disorder and Alcoholism, to investigate attentional bias towards sleep-related stimuli as a factor in the predisposition of insomnia. Following a ‘tired-state induction’ two groups of participants – ‘at risk’ children of adults with insomnia, and control children of good sleepers – completed a sleep-related Emotional Stroop task. Subsequently, they were asked to comment on the content of the Stroop words; whether or not the children reported sleep-related content was recorded. There was no evidence of attentional bias towards sleep-related stimuli in ‘at risk’ children relative to controls. However there was a trend regarding children’s reports of the words’ content; a greater percentage of the ‘at risk’ children reported sleep-related content, than controls. These results do not provide conclusive support for the role of attentional bias in the predisposition of insomnia. The results are discussed in the context of the methodological limitations of the pilot study. Suggestions for future modifications are put forward.
Expression of Pls (plasmin sensitive) in Staphylococcus aureus negative for pls reduces adherence and cellular invasion and acts by steric hindrance.

BACKGROUND The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) surface protein Pls (plasmin sensitive) reduces adhesion to host proteins and cellular invasiveness by an unknown mechanism that requires Pls expression. Here, we tested the effect of Pls expression using different pls-negative backgrounds. METHODS Three pls-negative strains (the methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains Cowan I and 6850 and the MRSA strain ST239-635/93, which harbors staphylococcal cassette chromosome [SCC] mec type III) were transformed. Constructs used were full-length pls (pPLS4), pls-DeltaLPDTG (no sortase motif; pPLS5), and pls-DeltaSD (no serine-aspartic acid [SD] repeats; pPLS6). Adherence, invasiveness, gene expression, and surface expression were quantified by photometry, flow cytometry, real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS In Pls-expressing strains (those with pPLS4), adherence to immobilized fibronectin (Fn) and binding of soluble Fn was reduced by approximately 20% and approximately 25%, respectively. Invasion of 293 cells and EA.hy 926 cells was reduced by up to 85%. Surprisingly, transcription of fnbA and spa was up-regulated, but transcription of clfA and hla was down-regulated. Pls and Fn-binding protein (FnBP) surface expression was increased. Competition with purified FnBPA, but not with Pls, reduced invasiveness by approximately 90%. The invasiveness of 6850 (pPLS5) and of 6850 (pPLS6) was reduced by only approximately 20% and approximately 15%, respectively. CONCLUSION Expression of cell wall-anchored Pls reduces adherence and invasiveness independently of the MRSA/SCCmec background. This occurs despite early up-regulation of fnbA transcription and FnBP surface expression. Thus, Pls acts by steric hindrance rather than another mechanism.
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT Mechanisms

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a light based therapy used to ablate tumors. As practiced in oncology a photosensitizing agent is applied and then activated by a specific wavelength and energy of light. This light energy in the presence of oxygen will lead to the creation of the photodynamic reaction which is cyto and vasculo toxic. This paper will review the mechanisms of action of PDT and how they may be manipulated to improve clinical outcome in cancer patients.
Modelling and monitoring of passive control structures in human movement

Passive tissues, ligaments and cartilage are vital to human movement. Their contribution to stability, joint function and joint integrity is essential. The articulation of their functions and quantitative assessment of what they do in a healthy or injured state are important in athletics, orthopaedics, medicine and health. In this paper, the role of cartilage and ligaments in stability of natural contacts, connections and joints is articulated by including them in two very simple skeletal systems: one- and three-link rigid body systems. Based on the Newton–Euler equations, a state space presentation of the dynamics is discussed that allows inclusion of ligament and cartilage structures in the model, and allows for Lyapunov stability studies for the original and reduced systems. The connection constraints may be holonomic and non-holonomic depending on the structure of the passive elements. The development is pertinent to the eventual design of a computational framework for the study of human movement that involves computer models of all the relevant skeletal, neural and physiological elements of the central nervous system (CNS). Such a structure also permits testing of different hypotheses about the functional neuroanatomy of the CNS, and the study of the effects and dynamics of disease, deterioration, aging and injuries. The formulation here is applied to one- and three-link systems. Digital computer simulations of a two rigid body system are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach and the methods.
İslami Sanal Kamusal Alanda Kolektif Kimlik: İslami Evlilik Siteleri İçinden Kolektif Kimliği Okumak

Bu calisma, Islami evlilik siteleri ve kullanim pratikleri icerisinden bakarak, kolektif kimlik, aidiyet ve temsil politikalarina yeniden bir deger bicmeyi amaclamistir. Calisma, kolektif kimligin yalin bir bicimde psikolojik bir kategori olmadigini vurgulamaktadir. Calismanin temel varsayimi, kolektif kimliklerin toplumsal ag uzerindeki denetimin sonucunda olusan anlatisal insalar oldugudur. Yaklasim, Turkiye’de Islami evlilik sitelerine uygulanmistir. Arastirma boyunca, Islami evlilik siteleri ve kullanici pratikleri sorgulanmis ve internet kullanim oruntulerine dair asagidaki sorular sorulmustur. Dinsel bir kimlik uzerinden, kolektif kimliklendirme sureci nasil islemektedir? Bu pratikte, ideolojinin kimlik ve temsilin insasindaki islevi nedir? Topluluk uyelerinin gundelik yasam pratiklerinde kimlik ve aidiyet pratikleri nasil kurulmaktadir? Islami evlilik sitelerinin, kolektif kimlik – aidiyet ve temsil pratikleri nasil islemektedir? Calisma; dinsel egilimler ile kolektif kimlik arasinda yakin bir iliski oldugunu saptamistir.