Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression Profile of Human Fc Receptors in Mucosal Tissue: Implications for Antibody-Dependent Cellular Effector Functions Targeting HIV-1 Transmission

The majority of new Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infections are acquired via sexual transmission at mucosal surfaces. Partial efficacy (31.2%) of the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial has been correlated with Antibody-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the V1V2 region of the HIV-1 envelope. This has led to speculation that ADCC and other antibody-dependent cellular effector functions might provide an important defense against mucosal acquisition of HIV-1 infection. However, the ability of antibody-dependent cellular effector mechanisms to impact on early mucosal transmission events will depend on a variety of parameters including effector cell type, frequency, the class of Fc-Receptor (FcR) expressed, the number of FcR per cell and the glycoslyation pattern of the induced antibodies. In this study, we characterize and compare the frequency and phenotype of IgG (CD16 [FcγRIII], CD32 [FcγRII] and CD64 [FcγRI]) and IgA (CD89 [FcαR]) receptor expression on effector cells within male and female genital mucosal tissue, colorectal tissue and red blood cell-lysed whole blood. The frequency of FcR expression on CD14+ monocytic cells, myeloid dendritic cells and natural killer cells were similar across the three mucosal tissue compartments, but significantly lower when compared to the FcR expression profile of effector cells isolated from whole blood, with many cells negative for all FcRs. Of the three tissues tested, penile tissue had the highest percentage of FcR positive effector cells. Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine the location of CD14+, CD11c+ and CD56+ cells within the three mucosal tissues. We show that the majority of effector cells across the different mucosal locations reside within the subepithelial lamina propria. The potential implication of the observed FcR expression patterns on the effectiveness of FcR-dependent cellular effector functions to impact on the initial events in mucosal transmission and dissemination warrants further mechanistic studies.
EbXML as developing country e-business strategy proposal

Developing countries, such as Croatia, have 90% or more of their economy in SME (small and medium-sized enterprises). If these countries want to develop further, they have to ensure smooth transition of economy towards e-business. In other words, they must adopt e-business framework and develop necessary infrastructure. Having acknowledged the importance of e-business, we are carrying out the research aimed primarily at defining the strategy for implementation of e-business in Croatia. We are focused on e-business frameworks and conceptual prerequisites for building necessary e-business infrastructure. Based on the results, we adopted the ebXML standard as a technical infrastructure backbone. We have found that EbXML as a standard for electronic business offers the solutions to variety of recorded problems. This paper explains main features of ebXML standard. Ideas and strategies as well as wider perspective of ebXML goals will explain opportunities concerning developing countries. Research elaborations on ebXML, as a perspective framework will be presented, as well as results of a pilot project on ebXML functionality.
Supporting self-tuning application development for smart devices

Modern smart devices that are increasing in number and complexity of applications, have a high demand for achieving all of the desired performance requirements within a reasonable cost and time range during operation. Self-adaptive computing that enables automatic adaption of system behavior and resources in order to match the goal of application performance has been known as one of the solutions to this demand. To make self-adaptive computing possible for smart devices, we have developed a prototype self-adaptive system enabling applications to automatically adjust its performance by controlling the CPU core resources and a development tool to support the development of effective self-adaptive applications for our self-adaptive system. In this paper, we focus on the development tool. The proposed tool includes a technique for estimating optimal observing point in the code, and therefore it could greatly reduce the burden for developer to write self-adaptive applications.
A Distributed Intelligenge Paradigm for Knowledge Management

In the last ten years, knowledge management (KM) has 1)ecome a new fashioned managerial practice. Though KM theories seem to benefit from a "contamination" with cognitive and social sciences, which emphasize a subjective, contextual, and distributed approach to knowledge representation and integration, current technologies support what we may call a "god’s eye" paradigm, ill which knowledge is viewed as an objective resource. In this paper we discuss artificial intelligence theories and technologies that can support a shift to a new paradigm, called the "distributed intelligence" paradigm, in designing KM systems. Using the cvolution of KM systems within Arthur Andersen Consulting as a motivating case study, we propose the fi’amework of MultiContext Systems as a specification language for distributed intelligence KM systems, and sketch an agent-based architecture as an example of a KM system which embodies the assumptions of the distributed intelligence paradigm.
Joint modelling of potentially avoidable hospitalisation for five diseases accounting for spatiotemporal effects: A case study in New South Wales, Australia

Background Three variant formulations of a spatiotemporal shared component model are proposed that allow examination of changes in shared underlying factors over time. Methods Models are evaluated within the context of a case study examining hospitalisation rates for five chronic diseases for residents of a regional area in New South Wales: type II diabetes mellitus (DMII), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary arterial disease (CAD), hypertension (HT) and congestive heart failure (CHF) between 2001–2006. These represent ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions, often used as a proxy for avoidable hospitalisations. Using a selected model, the effects of socio-economic status (SES) as a shared component are estimated and temporal patterns in the influence of the residual shared spatial component are examined. Results Choice of model depends upon the application. In the featured application, a model allowing for changing influence of the shared spatial component over time was found to have the best fit and was selected for further analyses. Hospitalisation rates were found to be increasing for COPD and DMII, decreasing for CHF and stable for CAD and HT. SES was substantively associated with hospitalisation rates, with differing degrees of influence for each disease. In general, most of the spatial variation in hospitalisation rates was explained by disease-specific spatial components, followed by the residual shared spatial component. Conclusion Appropriate selection of a joint disease model allows for the examination of temporal patterns of disease outcomes and shared underlying spatial factors, and distinction between different shared spatial factors.
Clustering for Small Cells Applying data mining , sensor , and graph theory schemes in Ultra Dense Networks

The huge increase in the number of small cells as well as their unplanned deployment has increased the need for identification of schemes for their coordination. Up to now several grouping schemes have been proposed for the coordination of the femtocells mainly linked to specific network problems, such as load balancing, interference coordination, power control etc. In general, these solutions are problem and topology specific and have benefits for the network and the user in specific deployments. In terms of this paper we propose a revolutionary approach for the femtocell grouping problem; we use clustering algorithms coming from data mining, sensor networks, and graph theory for grouping femtocells. We evaluate these mechanisms against their ability to form clusters in a realistic environment and come up with a quantity and quality analysis of their applicability in 5G networks. Keywords—clustering, data mining, sensor networks, graph theory, femtocells, 5G
Time for local controllability of a 1-D tank containing a fluid modeled by the shallow water equations

We consider a 1-D tank containing an inviscid incompressible irrotational fluid. The tank is subject to one-dimensional horizontal moves. We assume that the horizontal acceleration of the tank is small compared to the gravity constant and that the height of the fluid is small compared to the length of the tank. This motivates the use of the Saint-Venant equations [5] (also called shallow water equations) to describe the motion of the fluid; see, e.g., [2, Sec. 4.2]. After suitable scaling arguments, the length of the tank and the gravity constant can be taken to be equal to 1; see [1]. Then the dynamics equations considered are, see [3] and [1], H t (t, x) + (Hv) x (t, x) = 0, (1) v t (t, x) + H + v 2 2 x (t, x) = −u (t) , (2) v(t, 0) = v(t, 1) = 0, (3) ds dt (t) = u (t) , (4) dD dt (t) = s (t) , (5) where • H (t, x) is the height of the fluid at time t and for x ∈ [0, 1], • v (t, x) is the horizontal water velocity of the fluid in a referential attached to the tank at time t and for x ∈ [0, 1] (in the shallow water 248 PROBLEM 7.1 model, all the points on the same vertical have the same horizontal velocity), • u is the horizontal acceleration of the tank in the absolute referential, • s is the horizontal velocity of the tank, • D is the horizontal displacement of the tank. Still, by scaling arguments, we may assume that, for every steady state, H, which is then a constant function, is equal to 1; see [1]. One is interested in the local controllability of the control system Σ around the equilibrium point Of course, the total mass of the fluid is conserved so that, for every solution of (1) to (3), d dt 1 0 H (t, x) dx = 0. (6) One gets (6) by integrating (1) on [0, 1] and by using (3 together with an integration by parts.) Moreover, if H and v are of class C 1 , it follows from (2) and (3) that H x (t, 0) = H x (t, 1) (= −u (t)). 1 0 H(x)dx = 1. (10) With these notations, we can define a trajectory of the control …
Sense of Self in Baby Chimpanzees

Philippe Rochat and his colleague tentatively proposed that young infants' propensity to engage in self-perception and systematic exploration of the perceptual consequences of their own action plays and is probably at the origin of an early sense of self: the ecological self. Rochat and Hespos (1997) reported that neonates discriminate between external and self-stimulation. Neonate tended to display significantly more rooting responses (i.e., head turn towards the stimulation with mouth open and tonguing) following external compared to self-stimulation. Rochat et al. (1998) also reported that 2-month-olds showed clear sign of modulation of their oral activity on the pacifier as a function of analog versus non-analog condition. Rochat and his colleague concluded that these observations are interpreted as evidence of self-exploration and the emergence of a sense of self-agency by 2-month-olds. We tried to replicate these findings in infant chimpanzees. We observed rooting responses of three baby chimpanzees in two condition, self-stimulation and external stimulation. In external stimulation condition, the index finger of the experimenter or small stick touched one of the infant's cheeks. In self-stimulation condition, the experimenter took infant's hand and touched his or her cheek with their fingers. In Rochat and Hespos, they recorded and analyzed several measures such as state, head movement, mouth activity and so on. How ever, we analyzed only mouth activities tentatively. We found infant chimpanzees tended to show more rooting responses following external stimulation compared to self-stimulation as well as human infants. We also carried out sucking experiment with two baby chimpanzees. The experimenter held the pacifier and put the artificial nipple into the infant's mouth. A session started when the infant take the nipple inside the his or her mouth. Auditory stimulus, which was a complex tone comprised of six harmonics with equal intensity, was given to the chimpanzee according to the test condition during their sucking. There were four test conditions and each condition consisted with three types of feedback as follows: 1) silent baseline, contingent, and steady, 2) contingent baseline, 1-sec delay, and 3-sec delay, 3) contingent baseline, 6-sec delay, and 12-sec delay, 4) contingent baseline, 1/2 efficiency, and 1/4 efficiency. In test 1, one infant chimpanzee showed decrease of the minimum pressure of sucking in the contingent condition. In test 2, one subject showed shorter intervals of sucking in 3-sec delay condition. This seems to be similar to human infant's. We may be able to postulate ecological self in baby chimpanzees according to the self-exploration. In test 3 and 4, we did not obtain any effects of stimulus conditions. Results of these studies. These studies were conducted as the parts of the chimpanzee development project in Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, organized by Professor Tetsuro Matsuzawa.
Dental esthetic satisfaction in adults.

This study determined the influence of teeth, mouth, and face on self-image and personal esthetic satisfaction in adults. A random sample of 125 patients completed a five-item questionnaire about personal esthetic satisfaction and oral self-image. As a group, general dental variables were stronger predictors of esthetic satisfaction than orthodontic variables (P less than .01). Discrepancies between clinical findings and patterns of self-perception and satisfaction suggest the dentist and patient should plan together for esthetic dental treatment.
Inference and Decomposition in Planning Using Causal Consistent Chains

Current state-of-the-art planners solve problems, easy and hard alike, by search, expanding hundreds or thousands of nodes. Yet, given the ability of people to solve easy problems and to explain their solutions, it seems that an essential inferential component may be missing. The reasons expressed by people for selecting actions appear to be related to causal chains: sequences of causal links ai → pi + 1, i = 0, . , n – 1, such that a0 is applicable in the current state, pi is a precondition of action ai, and pn is a goal. Some of these causal chains or paths appear to be good, some bad, others appear to be impossible. In this work, we focus on such paths and develop three techniques for performing inference over them from which a path-based planner is obtained. We define the conditions under which a path is consistent, provide an heuristic estimate of the cost of achieving the goal along a consistent path, and introduce a planning algorithm that uses paths as decomposition backbones. The resulting planner, called C3, is not complete and does not perform as well as recent planners that carry extensive but extremely efficient searches such as LAMA, but is competitive with FF and in particular, with FF running in EHC mode which yields very focused but incomplete searches, and thus provides, a more apt comparison. Moreover, many domains are solved backtrack-free, with no search at all, suggesting that planning with paths may be a meaningful idea both cognitively and computationally.
DelQue: A Socially Aware Delegation Query Scheme in Delay-Tolerant Networks

In delay-tolerant networks (DTNs), information search is a significant topic that has yet to be widely investigated. Although social-based approaches can be used to address the problem, most existing schemes employ the multihop paradigm and leave out the severe resource constraint in DTNs. In this paper, we experimentally explore several realistic data sets and then reveal that users' one-hop neighbors can cover most range of the whole network in a reasonable time period, which lays a solid fundamental for two-hop information search schemes. Therefore, we propose DelQue (delegation query), which is a novel two-hop delegation query scheme integratedly considering query and response to save network energy in terms of the number of involved relays. In DelQue, we exploit the social utility of each neighbor to represent its capability to query interesting information and then colocate with the source to respond. Furthermore, we also present a spatio-temporal prediction method of user mobility to compute neighbors' utility. Such a lightweight forecasting technique only requires network users to maintain two parameters, making it suitable for a resource-scarce mobile setting. Extensive realistic trace-driven simulations show that DelQue allows for the maintenance of a very high and steady information query ratio with extremely low energy cost and, meanwhile, achieves comparable or shorter delays compared with some existing schemes.
Abstracts of the CADO workshop on integer factorization

The CADO workshop on integer factorization was held in Nancy, France, on October 7-9th, 2008. The workshop was focused on the Number Field Sieve and its implementation aspects. Fifty participants attended the workshop. The workshop was organized by Pierrick Gaudry, Emmanuel Thomé and Paul Zimmermann.
Vasopeptidase Inhibition Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction of Resistance Arteries in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Comparison With Single ACE Inhibition

To determine whether natriuretic peptides in addition to the renin-angiotensin system are involved in functional and structural vascular changes in salt-sensitive hypertension, we compared equipotent hypotensive treatment with the dual neutral endopeptidase/ACE inhibitor omapatrilat (35 mg · kg−1 · d−1) or the ACE inhibitor captopril (100 mg · kg−1 · d−1). The reactivity and geometry of mesenteric resistance arteries from Dahl salt-sensitive rats were studied in vitro under perfused and pressurized conditions. Chronic salt administration increased systolic blood pressure by 57±4 mm Hg, whereas concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide were reduced in heart and in plasma (P <0.05). In addition, the medial cross-sectional area of small mesenteric arteries was increased and endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine and contraction in response to endothelin-1 were impaired in the mesenteric arteries of salt-sensitive rats on a high-salt diet (P <0.05). Concomitant treatment with either omapatrilat or captopril reduced the increase in systolic blood pressure and hypertrophic remodeling to a similar degree (P <0.05) but affected plasma and cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide levels differently (P <0.05). In addition, omapatrilat normalized endothelium-dependent relaxations to a greater extent than captopril (P <0.05). Furthermore, vasopeptidase inhibition increased cGMP levels compared with captopril (P <0.05). Contractions to endothelin-1 were normalized by either antihypertensive drug. These results suggest that in the Dahl rat, with similar reductions in systolic blood pressure, omapatrilat is superior to captopril in preventing impaired endothelial function in small resistance arteries. Thus, vasopeptidase inhibition may have therapeutic advantages of the prevention of changes in vascular function and structure in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension.
2D‐Crystal‐Based Functional Inks

The possibility to produce and process graphene, related 2D crystals, and heterostructures in the liquid phase makes them promising materials for an ever‐growing class of applications as composite materials, sensors, in flexible optoelectronics, and energy storage and conversion. In particular, the ability to formulate functional inks with on‐demand rheological and morphological properties, i.e., lateral size and thickness of the dispersed 2D crystals, is a step forward toward the development of industrial‐scale, reliable, inexpensive printing/coating processes, a boost for the full exploitation of such nanomaterials. Here, the exfoliation strategies of graphite and other layered crystals are reviewed, along with the advances in the sorting of lateral size and thickness of the exfoliated sheets together with the formulation of functional inks and the current development of printing/coating processes of interest for the realization of 2D‐crystal‐based devices.
Real-time Image Processing on Low Cost Embedded Computers

In 2012 a federal mandate was imposed that required the FAA to integrate unmanned aerial systems (UAS) into the national airspace (NAS) by 2015 for civilian and commercial use. A significant driver for the increasing popularity of these systems is the rise in open hardware and open software solutions which allow hobbyists to build small UAS at low cost and without specialist equipment. This paper describes our work building, evaluating and improving performance of a vision-based system running on an embedded computer onboard such a small UAS. This system utilises open source software and open hardware to automatically land a multi-rotor UAS with high accuracy. Using parallel computing techniques, our final implementation runs at the maximum possible rate of 30 frames per second. This demonstrates a valid approach for implementing other real-time vision based systems onboard UAS using low power, small and economical embedded computers.
Agonistic behavior enhances adult neurogenesis in male Acheta domesticus crickets

SUMMARY We examined the effect of agonistic behavior on cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult male Acheta domesticus crickets. We combined 5-bromo,2′deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling of dividing cells with immunocytochemical detection of the neuronal marker horseradish peroxidase to examine the proliferation of progenitor cells and the survival of newborn neurons. In crickets, the mushroom bodies of the brain contain clusters of proliferative cells that divide and generate new neurons in adulthood. Pairs of male crickets were allowed to fight and establish social rank and were then injected with BrdU. Proliferation of mushroom body neurogenic cluster cells was unaffected by agonistic interactions; 24 h after a fight, the number of BrdU positive cells in fought and un-fought males did not significantly differ. However, agonistic interactions did influence cell survival. Two weeks after an agonistic interaction, fought males had more newborn neurons than males that did not fight. There was also a rank-specific effect because dominant males had significantly more new neurons than subordinates. We also report for the first time that neurogenesis in adult crickets can occur in other regions of the brain and in other CNS ganglia, including the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). Agonistic interactions enhanced the proliferation of these distributed precursor cells but did not increase the survival of the newborn neurons generated by these cells.