Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis of Sustainable Urban Design Parameters : Thermal Comfort , Urban Heat Island , Energy , Daylight , and Ventilation in Singapore

Urban settlements require design improvements towards increased comfort and reduced energy consumption through active and passive means to create liveable cities in the future. This study investigates the impact of 6 urban design criteria—building height, plot ratio, greenery, glazing ratio, shading, and materiality—on discrete environmental metrics for sustainability using Morris sensitivity analysis (SA) method. The authors calculate a series of critical and emerging environmental measures which indicate the suitability of an urban design: Urban Heat Island (UHI), Outdoor Thermal Comfort—using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), Urban Energy Use Intensity (EUI), Urban Daylight Autonomy (UDA), and Annual Mean Ventilation. This study identifies essential parameters for comfortable and low-energy urban communities in early-phase urban design processes for tropical climates using Morris sensitivity analysis. The effort is focused on an increased modelling comprehensiveness—including more related and codependent sustainability measures compared to previous works—and understanding the impact of parameters investigated on a comprehensive set of environmental measures. The authors find that building height and site coverage ratio most significantly impact many of the studied environmental measures. However, all parameters are significant on at least one environmental measure; therefore, it is difficult to simplify the complex process of urban environmental and sustainable design.
ASIUM: Learning subcategorization frames and restrictions of se-18 lection

We describe in this paper the ML system, Asium, which learns subcategorization frames of verbs and ontologies from syntactic parsing of technical texts in natural language. The restrictions of selection in the subcategorization frames are lled by the concepts of the ontology. Applications requiring subcategorization frames and on-tologies are crucial and numerous. The most direct applications are semantic checking of texts and syntactic parsing improvement but also text generation and translation. The input of Asium result from syntactic parsing of texts, they are subcategoriza-tion examples and basic clusters formed by head words that occur with the same verb after the same preposition (or with the same syntactical role). Asium successively aggregates the clusters to form new concepts in the form of a generality graph that represents the ontology of the domain. Subcategorization frames are learned in parallel, so that as concepts are formed, they ll restrictions of selection in the subcategorization frames. Asium method is based on conceptual clustering. First experiments have been performed on a corpus of cooking recipes and give very promising results reported here.
Polymorphism of IFN-γ (+874 T/A) in Syrian patients with chronic hepatitis B

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association of IFN- γ +874 (T/A) polymorphism with susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in the Syrian population. Background: Accumulating evidence indicate that the inadequate immune responses are responsible for HBV persistency. Therefore, polymorphisms in genes encoding the cytokines, which are responsible for regulation of the immune response, can affect the course and outcome of the infection. The IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism affects the expression of IFN-γ, which has been shown to be crucial to HBV clearance. Methods: In this case-control study, 140 samples were collected (70 healthy individuals, 70 chronic HBV patients), and genomic DNA was isolated. Sequencing and ARMS-PCR were performed to genotype the IFN-γ +874 T/A polymorphism. Results: Results of this study showed an association between IFN- γ +874 T/A polymorphism and the susceptibility to chronic HBV infection (P < 0.05). In addition, results showed that the AA genotype increased the risk of chronicity (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.35 – 6.89), whereas the AT and TT genotypes reduced the risk of chronicity (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.150 – 0.753). Conclusion: Results of this study conclude that the IFN- γ +874 T/A polymorphism may be associated with the chronic HBV infection, according to the genetic model AA vs. AT&TT.
A Modification Based on Butterfly Subdivision Scheme

In this paper we introduce a new rule for butterfly subdivision scheme which overcome a shortcoming with the sharp features. For butterfly subdivision scheme, many features will be lost after several times of refinement. This new rule solved this problem by removing the position of new interpolated vertices. And our method can also implement in some other subdivision schemes.
EFFECT OF VOIDS ON THERMO‐MECHANICAL RELIABILITY OF SOLDER JOINTS

Despite being a continuous subject of discussion, the existence of voids and their effect on solder joint reliability has always been controversial. In this work we revisit previous works on the various types of voids, their origins and their effect on thermo-mechanical properties of solder joints. We focus on macro voids, intermetallics micro voids, and shrinkage voids, which result from solder paste and alloy characteristics. We compare results from the literature to our own experimental data, and use fatigue-crack initiation and propagation theory to support our findings. Through a series of examples, we show that size and location of macro voids are not the primary factor affecting solder joint mechanical and thermal fatigue life. Indeed, we observe that when these voids area conforms to the IPC-A610 (D or F) or IPC-7095A standards, macro voids do not have any significant effect on thermal cycling or drop shock performance.
Effects of Rank and Precision of Search Results on Users ’ Evaluations of System Performance

Previous research has demonstrated that system performance does not always correlate positively with user performance, and that users often assign positive evaluation scores to systems even when they are unable to complete tasks successfully. This paper investigates the relationship between actual system performance and users’ perceptions of system performance by manipulating the level of performance experienced by users and measuring users’ evaluations of system performance. Eighty-one subjects participated in one of three laboratory studies. The first two studies investigated the impact of the location (or rank order) of five relevant and five non-relevant documents in a search results list containing ten results. The third study investigated the impact of varying levels of precision (.30, .40, .50 and .60) of a search results list containing ten results. Results demonstrate statistically significant relationships between precision and subjects’ evaluations of system performance, and ranking and subjects’ evaluations of system performance. Of the two, precision explained more variance in subjects’ evaluation ratings and was a stronger predictor of subjects’ ratings. Finally, the number of documents subjects examined significantly influenced their evaluations, even when the difference was a single document.
Design, deployment and use of HTTP-based botnet (HBB) testbed

Botnet is one of the most widespread and serious malware which occur frequently in today's cyber attacks. A botnet is a group of Internet-connected computer programs communicating with other similar programs in order to perform various attacks. HTTP-based botnet is most dangerous botnet among all the different botnets available today. In botnets detection, in particularly, behavioural-based approaches suffer from the unavailability of the benchmark datasets and this lead to lack of precise results evaluation of botnet detection systems, comparison, and deployment which originates from the deficiency of adequate datasets. Most of the datasets in the botnet field are from local environment and cannot be used in the large scale due to privacy problems and do not reflect common trends, and also lack some statistical features. To the best of our knowledge, there is not any benchmark dataset available which is infected by HTTP-based botnet (HBB) for performing Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against Web servers by using HTTP-GET flooding method. In addition, there is no Web access log infected by botnet is available for researchers. Therefore, in this paper, a complete test-bed will be illustrated in order to implement a real time HTTP-based botnet for performing variety of DDoS attacks against Web servers by using HTTP-GET flooding method. In addition to this, Web access log with http bot traces are also generated. These real time datasets and Web access logs can be useful to study the behaviour of HTTP-based botnet as well as to evaluate different solutions proposed to detect HTTP-based botnet by various researchers.
CLIMATIC ADAPTATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF BASAL AND MAXIMUM RATES OF METABOLISM IN RODENTS

Abstract Metabolic rate is a key aspect of organismal biology and the identification of selective factors that have led to species differences is a major goal of evolutionary physiology. We tested whether environmental characteristics and/or diet were significant predictors of interspecific variation in rodent metabolic rates. Mass-specific basal metabolic rates (BMR) and maximum metabolic rates (MMR, measured during cold exposure in a He-O2 atmosphere) were compiled from the literature. Maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) annual mean temperatures, latitude, altitude, and precipitation were obtained from field stations close to the capture sites reported for each population (N = 57). Diet and all continuous-valued traits showed statistically significant phylogenetic signal, with the exception of mass-corrected MMR and altitude. Therefore, results of phylogenetic analyses are emphasized. Body mass was not correlated with absolute latitude, but was positively correlated with precipitation in analyses with phylogenetically independent contrasts. Conventional multiple regressions that included body mass indicated that Tmax (best), Tmin, latitude, and diet were significant additional predictors of BMR. However, phylogenetic analyses indicated that latitude was the only significant predictor of mass-adjusted BMR (positive partial regression coefficient, one-tailed P = 0.0465). Conventional analyses indicated that Tmax, Tmin (best), and altitude explained significant amounts of the variation in mass-adjusted MMR. With body mass and Tmin in the model, no additional variables were significant predictors. Phylogenetic contrasts yielded similar results. Both conventional and phylogenetic analyses indicated a highly significant positive correlation between residual BMR and MMR (as has also been reported for birds), which is consistent with a key assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of vertebrate energetics (assuming that MMR and exercise-induced maximal oxygen consumption are positively functionally related). Our results support the hypothesis that variation in environmental factors leads to variation in the selective regime for metabolic rates of rodents. However, the causes of a positive association between BMR and latitude remain obscure. Moreover, an important area for future research will be experiments in all taxa are raised under common conditions to allow definitive tests of climatic adaptation in endotherm metabolic rates and to elucidate the extent of adaptive phenotypic plasticity.
Digital Image Forgery detection using color Illumination and Decision Tree Classification

As an image can convey more information than words, many people rely on them for communication. To establish the authenticity that the image is not a composite or spliced image, this paper proposes a new technique that detects the image forgery based on illuminant color estimation. The proposed system estimates illuminant color of the image and creates illuminant maps of human faces in images using Gray world approach and IIC space. It then extracts the texture features of the faces by using an integrated technique which incorporates Gabor local binary pattern for which Histogram of Orientation are derived by HOG Edge algorithm. SASI descriptor is used to calculate the distance in statistical information of the paired faces. The proposed system needs human interaction only to select the human faces on images. As the existing forgery detection methods rely on human experts to take final decision on tampering, this paper includes a classification using decision tree classifier which works by machine learning and eliminates the need for human expert to take final tampering decision. The results of decision tree classifier are potential to indicate the authenticity of images.
De l’exécutabilité épistémique des plans dans les spécifications de systèmes multiagents

Résumé Cet article concerne le problème de garantir que les plans des agents sont épistémiquement exécutables dans les spécifications de systèmes multiagents. Nous proposons des solutions dans le cadre du formalisme CASL. Nous définissions un opérateur d’exécution subjective de plan Subj qui fait que le plan est exécuté en fonction des connaissances de l’agent et pas simplement de l’état du monde. La définition suppose que l’agent ne fait pas de planification et choisit arbitrairement parmi les actions permises par le plan. Nous définissions aussi un autre opérateur d’exécution délibérative Delib pour les agents plus intelligents qui font de la planification et anticipent. Nous montrons comment ces notions permettent d’exprimer si un plan est épistémiquement exécutable pour un agent dans plusieurs types de situations.
Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling grain size and shape in the D genome of synthetic hexaploid wheat lines

Synthetic hexaploid wheat is an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from Aegilops tauschii to common wheat. Wide variation in grain size and shape, one of the main targets for wheat breeding, has been observed among Ae. tauschii accessions. To identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for grain size and shape variation in the wheat D genome under a hexaploid genetic background, six parameters related to grain size and shape were measured using SmartGrain digital image software and QTL analysis was conducted using four F2 mapping populations of wheat synthetic hexaploids. In total, 18 QTLs for the six parameters were found on five of the seven D-genome chromosomes. The identified QTLs significantly contributed to the variation in grain size and shape among the synthetic wheat lines, implying that the D-genome QTLs might be at least partly functional in hexaploid wheat. Thus, synthetic wheat lines with diverse D genomes from Ae. tauschii are useful resources for the identification of agronomically important loci that function in hexaploid wheat.
Overarching professional identity themes in student teacher workplace learning

ABSTRACT This study reports on how student teachers learn in the workplace. Data from 10 student teachers were collected by means of digital logs and in-depth interviews. By reconstructing data into stories and unravelling these stories, it became clear that the learning process of each student teacher was dominated by one specific theme, such as student-centred teaching or creating a positive learning climate. These themes could be typified as professional identity themes, because all appeared to be both personal and professional. Five student teachers experienced their workplace learning process as continuous: they integrated their teaching experiences relatively easily into their personal conceptual framework. The other five experienced their workplace learning process as discontinuous: they experienced tensions caused by frictions between personal and professional aspects of becoming a teacher. Both types of learning can stimulate and hinder student teachers’ professional development. The findings indicate that reconstructing data into stories and unravelling these stories is a useful technique for understanding student teacher workplace learning as a result of the interaction between personal and professional aspects of becoming a teacher.
TV WhiteSpace Device Prototype Using Covariance-Based Signal Detection

Measurements performed at several locations clearly show that frequency spectrum is under-utilized. Cognitive radio is a strong candidate to ensure better spectrum utilization by providing access in an opportunistic manner. Recently the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the USA and the Office of Communications (Ofcom) in UK are considering of allowing opportunistic secondary usage of wireless device in part of the TV bands. Before such services can be materialized, the concept of cognitive radio, especially spectrum sensing, needs to be proven. Although, theoretically or through simulations, various spectrum sensing algorithms showed promising results, the actual performance under realistic conditions has not been fully tested. Therefore, there is a need to build such systems and test them under real-world environment. In this demonstration, we are going to show the white-space device prototype based on the covariance-based signal detection method. This method is signal independent and may be applied on any signal waveform or system. The spectrum sensing algorithm is implemented on a platform comprising primarily FPGA and DSP. The processing of the algorithm is done at real time. To test the performance of the prototype, a signal generator is used to generate the signal source and the probability of detection is calculated in a PC attached to the prototype. The purpose of the setup is to measure the sensitivity of the spectrum sensing device. Key performance measurement metrics used are the probability of detection and false alarm rate. The significance of such demonstration is that once spectrum sensing is proven to function well in practical environment, application of cognitive radio in real systems will likely happen in the near future.
Patterns of nucleotide substitution in Drosophila and mammalian genomes.

To estimate patterns of molecular evolution of unconstrained DNA sequences, we used maximum parsimony to separate phylogenetic trees of a non-long terminal repeat retrotransposable element into either internal branches, representing mainly the constrained evolution of active lineages, or into terminal branches, representing mainly nonfunctional "dead-on-arrival" copies that are unconstrained by selection and evolve as pseudogenes. The pattern of nucleotide substitutions in unconstrained sequences is expected to be congruent with the pattern of point mutation. We examined the retrotransposon Helena in the Drosophila virilis species group (subgenus Drosophila) and the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup (subgenus Sophophora). The patterns of point mutation are indistinguishable, suggesting considerable stability over evolutionary time (40-60 million years). The relative frequencies of different point mutations are unequal, but the "transition bias" results largely from an approximately 2-fold excess of G.C to A.T substitutions. Spontaneous mutation is biased toward A.T base pairs, with an expected mutational equilibrium of approximately 65% A + T (quite similar to that of long introns). These data also enable the first detailed comparison of patterns of point mutations in Drosophila and mammals. Although the patterns are different, all of the statistical significance comes from a much greater rate of G.C to A.T substitution in mammals, probably because of methylated cytosine "hotspots. " When the G.C to A.T substitutions are discounted, the remaining differences are considerably reduced and not statistically significant.
Linking Context Modelling and Contextual Reasoning

In this paper, we discuss a novel perspective on ontologybased context modelling that makes it easy to combine context models and contextual reasoning mechanisms. On the context modelling side, we outline our idea of a user-centric context model based on the six fundamental context parameters of who, when, where, what, how, and why (5W1H); on the contextual reasoning side, we introduce syntax and semantics for a simple logical language and sketch a tableau mechanism for reasoning. The model-theoretic semantics for this logical language is like the context model based on the parameters of 5W1H. With the common semantics, it is then easy to show the link between context modelling and contextual reasoning.
V1 and V2 of the Macaque Monkey Processing of Kinetically Defined Boundaries in Areas

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , November 1, 2002; 12 (11): 1132-1145. Cereb Cortex J. A. Bourne, R. Tweedale and M. G.P. Rosa Coherent Motion Physiological Responses of New World Monkey V1 Neurons to Stimuli Defined by [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2003; 13 (2): 189-202. Cereb Cortex S. Zeki, R.J. Perry and A. Bartels The Processing of Kinetic Contours in the Brain [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , February 1, 2006; 95 (2): 862-881. J Neurophysiol J. Larsson, M. S. Landy and D. J. Heeger Cortex Orientation-Selective Adaptation to Firstand Second-Order Patterns in Human Visual [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , March 1, 2006; 95 (3): 1864-1880. J Neurophysiol S. G. Mysore, R. Vogels, S. E. Raiguel and G. A. Orban Processing of Kinetic Boundaries in Macaque V4
Distributed Estimation over Delayed Sensor Network with Scalable Communication

This paper proposes a distributed delay-compensated observer for a wireless sensor network with delay. Each node of the sensor network aggregates data from the other nodes and sends the aggregated data to the neighbor nodes. In this communication, each node also compensates communication delays among the neighbor nodes. Therefore, all of the nodes can synchronize their sensor measurements using scalable and local communication in real-time. All of the nodes estimate the state variables of a system simultaneously. The observer in each node is similar to the delaycompensated observer with multi-sensor delays proposed by Watanabe et al. Convergence rates for the proposed observer can be arbitrarily designed regardless of the communication delays. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical simulation. key words: sensor network, data aggregation, communication delay, distributed estimation
A MICROMECHANICAL MODEL FOR BLENDED YARNS WITH FRAGMENTED LOW-ELONGATION FIBERS

Often, fibers with significantly different elongations-to-break are combined in blended yarns. During yarn extension, the low elongation-to-break (LE) fibers undergo a fragmentation process, whereby the LE fibers develop multiple breaks along their length. The interaction between the LE fragments and the high elongation-to-break (HE) fibers is key to the load-extension behavior of such blended yarns. In this work, a micro-mechanical model for the interactions in a mixed array of elastic fibers representing the microstructure of a blended yarn undergoing axial extension is adopted and modified for the assumption of hexagonal fiber packing. The present results, which represent essentially an upper bound on the mechanical behavior that can be attained by increasing packing density, are compared to previous results for the assumption of square packing. It is shown that increased packing density provides for better reinforcement of the yarn by the LE fragments.