Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Central versus peripheral site of action of the tachykinin NK1‐antagonist RP 67580 in inhibiting chemonociception

1 Many studies indicate an involvement of substance P in the transmission of nociceptive stimuli, without, however, presenting any conclusive evidence as to its exact site and mode of action. The present experiments tested the involvement of substance P in the mediation of chemical nociception using the non‐peptidic specific tachykinin NK1 ‐receptor antagonist, RP 67580 (2‐[1‐imino‐2‐(2‐methoxyphenyl‐ethyl]‐7, 7diphenyl‐4‐perhydroisoindolone (3aR, 7aR)). 2 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intragastric pressure (IGP) were measured in anaesthetized rats. The reflex changes of these parameters in response to i.p. or s.c. injections of hydrochloric acid or capsaicin were taken to indicate nociception. 3 Intravenous administration of RP 67580 up to 5 mg kg−1 had little influence on the reflex changes in MAP or IGP in response to hydrochloric acid or capsaicin. In contrast, the sensitization of rats to i.p. capsaicin by preinjection of prostaglandin E2 was significantly reduced by 1 mg kg−1 RP 67580. 4 Intrathecal injection of 5 μg RP 67580 inhibited the reflex changes of MAP and IGP in response to i.p. or s.c. capsaicin whereas the inactive enantiomer RP 68651 was ineffective. 5 The results indicate that spinal NK1 ‐receptors are involved in the acute transmission of chemically induced pain, while such receptors in the periphery take part in the sensitization by prostaglandin E2. The rather minor ability of i.v. RP 67580 to inhibit the acute nociceptive reflex is attributed to an insufficient penetration of the blood‐brain‐barrier.
Labeling audio-visual speech corpora and training an ANN/HMM audio-visual speech recognition system

We present a method to label an audio-visual database and to setup a system for audio-visual speech recognition based on a hybrid Artificial Neural Network/Hidden Markov Model (ANN/HMM) approach. The multi-stage labeling process is presented on a new audiovisual database recorded at the Institute de la Communication Parlee (ICP). The database was generated via transposition of the audio database NUMBERS95. For the labeling first a large subset of NUMBERS95 is used to achieve a bootstrap training of an ANN, which can then be employed to label the audio part of the audio-visual database. This initial labeling is further improved via readapting the ANN to the new database and reperforming the labeling. From the audio labeling then the video labeling is derived. Tests at different Signal to Noise Ratios (SNR) are performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the labeling process. Furthermore ways to incorporate information from a large audio database into the final audio-visual recognition system were investigated.
Asmmetry of Bilateral Transfer.

Right-handed college students practiced printing inverted and reversed letters, using either their left or their right hand, for ten trials. Half the subjects then continued printing throughout the experiment with the previously practiced hand, while the other half switched to the unpracticed hand for the remaining trials. Transfer was found to be greater from the left to the right hand than vice versa, and the processes controlling responses with the two hands were more similar in the group switched from the left to the right hand than in the group switched from the right to the left hand.
The Effectiveness of Trial-and-Error and Errorless Learning in Promoting the Transfer of Training

Despite an extensive literature showing successful application of errorless techniques in applied settings there has been some debate about the optimal circumstances surrounding the use of these techniques. The present study examined the hypothesis that trial-and-error learning conditions provide an advantage for performance on a ‘transfer’ task, compared to learning under errorless conditions. Two experiments are reported. In the first, 60 student participants engaged in four acquisition trials under errorless or trial-and-error conditions, consisting of mazes with one correct route and a number of incorrect routes. Both groups completed a fifth ‘transfer’ maze where the correct route contained portions of previous incorrect routes. In the second experiment, the same 60 participants completed a task involving identifying target words from word lists, again either in an errorless or a trial-and-error condition. Both learning conditions completed the same transfer task (anagram word task) and a recognition task. Data from both experiments indicated that during the transfer task, the trial-and-error group performed significantly better than the errorless group when there was a requirement to transfer the skill learned during the acquisition phase to a new related task. Data from the recognition task in experiment two suggested that the poorer performance of the errorless group was due to a reduced awareness of salient aspects of the S- during the acquisition phase.
Performance Evaluation of an Energy-Aware Clustering Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a clustering routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. The protocol emphasizes short transmissions, as they are energy efficient. With the goal of balancing the load on the nodes the protocol alternates the proactively stored multiple paths toward the Sink. Moreover, the paths are employed whenever a faulty path is discovered on the route from a source node to the Sink in order to provide fault tolerance. The protocol also provides Quality of Service by selecting a least cost path for high priority messages. We discuss the implementation of our protocol and present results of simulation experiments.
A Study on Community Formation in Collaborative Tagging Systems

Current collaborative tagging systems do not allow community members to easily view available data related to their communities. In this paper, we present our study on community formation centered around common interests, utilizing data from del.icio. us. We propose an approach to clustering tags and users based on their similarity. We also report some practical results related to implicit grouping of tags and users.
Is There a Trade-off between Multiculturalism and Socio-Political Integration? Policy Regimes and Immigrant Incorporation in Comparative Perspective

Across immigrant-receiving democracies on both sides of the Atlantic, policies of “cultural recognition” (e.g., “multiculturalism”) have become a convenient punching-bag for political elites. Among academics, heated theoretical debates exist over whether such policies foster or hinder immigrants' engagement with their adoptive nation. We provide a novel empirical assessment of this debate from the immigrant perspective. We ask how multicultural and citizenship policies influence immigrants' socio-political engagement with their adoptive nation in three realms: social inclusion, political inclusion, and political engagement. Using a variety of cross-national and single-country surveys, we show that multiculturalism in no case hinders engagement with society and government, and in many cases seems to foster it. Thus, the claim that multiculturalism undermines immigrants' socio-political integration appears largely without foundation.
Fraternities, Athletic Teams, and Rape

This study examined the relationship between sexual assault and membership in high-risk fraternities and athletic teams. Although past research has identified fraternities and athletic teams as high-risk groups for sexual assault, the findings have been inconclusive. Based on student perceptions, we separated fraternities and athletic teams into high-risk and low-risk groups. A survey of 182 male students, including those who were members of three fraternities and five athletic teams as well as nonmembers, indicated that the high-risk groups scored significantly higher than the low-risk groups on measures of sexual aggression, hostility toward women, and male peer support endorsing sexual aggression. These findings showed that some fraternity or athletic team members are more likely to commit sexual assault than males in the general student population, but this is not true for all such groups. The results help explain inconsistencies reported by previous researchers.
Net clinical benefit of new oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) versus no treatment in a ‘real world’ atrial fibrillation population: A modelling analysis based on a nationwide cohort study

Summary The concept of net clinical benefit has been used to quantify the balance between risk of ischaemic stroke (IS) and risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) with the use oral anticoagulant therapy (OAC) in the setting of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and has shown that patients at highest risk of stroke and thromboembolism gain the greatest benefit from OAC with warfarin. There are no data for the new OACs, that is, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, as yet. We calculated the net clinical benefit balancing IS against ICH using data from the Danish National Patient Registry on patients with non-valvular AF between 1997–2008, for dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban on the basis of recent clinical trial outcome data for these new OACs. In patients with CHADS2=0 but at high bleeding risk, apixaban and dabigatran 110 mg bid had a positive net clinical benefit. At CHA2DS2-VASc=1, apixaban and both doses of dabigatran (110 mg and 150 mg bid) had a positive net clinical benefit. In patients with CHADS2 score≥1 or CHA2DS2-VASc≥2, the three new OACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) appear superior to warfarin for net clinical benefit, regardless of risk of bleeding. When risk of bleeding and stroke are both high, all three new drugs appear to have a greater net clinical benefit than warfarin. In the absence of head-to-head trials for these new OACs, our analysis may help inform decision making processes when all these new OACs become available to clinicians for stroke prevention in AF. Using ‘real world’ data, our modelling analysis has shown that when the risk of bleeding and stroke are both high, all three new drugs appear to have a greater net clinical benefit compared to warfarin. The editorial process for this article was fully handled by Prof. Christian Weber, Editor-in-Chief.
A linear assignment clustering algorithm based on the least similar cluster representatives

The paper presents a linear assignment algorithm for solving the classical NP complete clustering problem. By use of the most dissimilar data as cluster representatives, a linear assignment algorithm is developed based on a linear assignment model for clustering multivariate data. The computational results evaluated using multiple performance criteria show that the clustering algorithm is very effective and efficient, especially for clustering a large number of data with many attributes.
Hacia una construcción de ciudadanía ambiental en la escuela

A partir de una refexion sobre la creciente degra- dacion ambiental como producto de las relaciones sociales irresponsables e irrespetuosas con el medio ambiente, se concibe la salida de esta crisis a traves de procesos de Educacion ambiental en la formacion para la ciudadania. Se incluyen, en este articulo, an- tecedentes sobre Educacion ambiental ciudadana en los ultimos anos, los cuales conllevan a plantear que la construccion de unas relaciones humanas sen- sibles, respetuosas, solidarias y responsables con el medio ambiente, se pueden propiciar en todos los contextos y situaciones de la vida escolar, consti- tuyendose en un reto: ? Como articular y promover las competencias de la Educacion Ambiental con las de formacion ciudadana conducentes al fortaleci- miento de un pensamiento ambiental en la escuela, hacia la construccion de una ciudadania ambiental?
La responsabilité sociale et environnementale des entreprises : mirage ou virage ?

Cet article examine les determinants economiques des pratiques de responsabilite sociale et environnementale des entreprises (RSE), a savoir l'integration volontaire de facteurs environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance dans la strategie des entreprises. Nous presentons la litterature theorique et empirique dans un cadre unifie qui explique le developpement de ces pratiques de RSE en se fondant sur trois categories d'imperfections de marche : l'existence d'externalites et biens publics ; la concurrence imparfaite et enfin les contrats incomplets. Nous examinons egalement l'impact de la RSE sur la performance et le bien-etre social et degageons des pistes de recherche futures.
Seeing the Wood for the Trees: The National Literacy Strategy and Initial Teacher Education; pedagogical content knowledge and the structure of subjects

'Really I was just concentrating on getting it done' (Anna Goldman, 1st block placement). 'That was to help them with verbs because that was next' (Andrew Burns, final block placement). 'I wanted them to think about story structures-that would help them with their prediction' (Martha O'Brien, final block placement). I will suggest in this article that these comments are typical illustrations of the different ways student teachers view their role in the primary classroom and that to an extent these comments mark the stages of progression that student teachers often go through as they learn to become effective teachers of primary English. In the beginning they concentrate on the activity, and getting through it, more than anything else. As they move towards the end of their training, the majority of student teachers have learned that good English teaching is about much more than getting the task done. However, as Andrew (during his final placement) demonstrates, there is a danger that even student teachers at the end of their training view the curriculum as an end in itself, without questioning, exploring or fully understanding the rationale underlying it. I will suggest in this paper that highly prescriptive curricula, such as the National Literacy Strategy and the ITT English National Curriculum, increase this danger, at least in the short term.
The Social Position of Pupils with Special Needs in Regular Schools

Inclusive education places much value on implementing the conditions that foster good relationships between students. Research has shown that pupils with special needs can have difficulty in building relationships with peers without special needs. This study describes their social position in regular education. It applies different indexes for social position and compares these with each other and with other judgments of the social position of pupils with special needs. The analyses show that pupils with special needs are less popular, have fewer friendships and participate less often as members of a subgroup. Compared with their peers, pupils with special needs are over‐represented in these at‐risk categories by a factor of two to three. Teachers have a more positive view on the relationships in the group and the number of friendships pupils with special needs have. Also pupils' own subjective experiences are more positive. The results of the present study stress that physical inclusion only is a very basic condition, that becoming part of the group is not an automatism and that especially pupils with special needs may need extra support in participating in the group.
Outcome Research in Carkhuff's Human Resource Development Training Programs: Where is the Donut?

This paper presents a critical review of research which has been offered in support of training programs that focus on Human Relations Development as proposed by Robert Carkhuff. The studies relied upon by Carkhuff and his students have failed to specify the nature of treatment; its components seem to vary from one study to the next; control groups of a comparative type are usually missing and, when present, have not been equivalent in expectation, motivation, contact time, leader skill or enthusiasm. Measures of process have not been collected and associated with helpee benefit. The scales used to measure gains in interpersonal skills do not have published validity data to support them. Subjects actually practice on the criterion measures employed at posttesting. The gains made have not been demonstrated to be broadly generalized or of practical significance and therefore seem to be of rather limited value. Overall, it was found that research in this area is years behind that which has come to be expected in psychotherapy outcome studies.
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation embryo: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND To test whether ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization (IVF) affects oocyte quality and thus chromosome segregation behaviour during meiosis and early embryo development, preimplantation genetic screening of embryos was employed in a prospective, randomized controlled trial, comparing two ovarian stimulation regimens. METHODS Infertile patients under 38 years of age were randomly assigned to undergo a mild stimulation regimen using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist co-treatment (67 patients), which does not disrupt secondary follicle recruitment, or a conventional high-dose exogenous gonadotrophin regimen and GnRH agonist co-treatment (44 patients). Following IVF, embryos were biopsied at the eight-cell stage and the copy number of 10 chromosomes was analysed in 1 or 2 blastomeres. RESULTS The study was terminated prematurely, after an unplanned interim analysis (which included 61% of the planned number of patients) found a lower embryo aneuploidy rate following mild stimulation. Compared with conventional stimulation, significantly fewer oocytes and embryos were obtained following mild stimulation (P < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). Consequently, both regimens generated on average a similar number (1.8) of chromosomally normal embryos. Differences in rates of mosaic embryos suggest an effect of ovarian stimulation on mitotic segregation errors. CONCLUSIONS Future ovarian stimulation strategies should avoid maximizing oocyte yield, but aim at generating a sufficient number of chromosomally normal embryos by reduced interference with ovarian physiology.
Maximising leadership capacity and school improvement through re-alignment of children’s services

This article emerges from work undertaken with leaders from a local authority who took part in a programme entitled ‘Advanced Leadership in Integrated Children’s Services Environment’ or ALICSE programme. The aim of this course was to engage leaders and managers in thinking differently about their roles and to consider how they could make changes to their leadership practices to cope with the fast pace of change now enforced on the educational landscape. Through co-construction of work-based knowledge and the application of integrated leadership theory with a local Higher Education Institution (HEI) during 2012, this research offers some insight into how a group of Local Authority (LA) teams have provided a de-centralised service for vulnerable families whilst maintaining and improving educational standards across the City’s primary schools. A range of leadership, improvement and process strategies are currently being piloted with inner city schools and presented in this paper as a series of vignettes which exemplify these strategies. By taking a more holistic, integrated approach to working with key personnel at both local authority and school level it has been possible to demonstrate a greater alignment between the different LA teams in respect of the support they are offering to the schools. These outcomes have arisen as a result of professional teams working on the development of a more autonomous approach to leadership based on a ‘can do’ attitude firmly embedded within a morally focused culture.
On-Chip Stimulus Generator for Gain, Linearity, and Blocking Profile Test of Wideband RF Front Ends

This paper presents the design and measurement of a stimulus generator suitable for on-chip RF test aimed at gain, 1-dB compression point (CP), and the blocking profile measurement. Implemented in a 90-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), the generator consists of two low-noise voltage-controlled ring oscillators (VCOs) and an adder. It can generate a single- or two-tone signal in a range of 0.9-5.6 GHz with a tone spacing of 3 MHz to 4.5 GHz and adjustable output power. The VCOs are based on symmetrically loaded double-differential delay line architecture. The measured phase noise is -80 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz for the oscillation frequency of 2.4 GHz. A single VCO consumes 26 mW at 1 GHz while providing -10-dBm power into a 50-Ω load. The silicon area of the complete test circuit including coupling capacitors is only 0.03 mm2, while a single VCO occupies 0.012 mm2. The measured gain, 1-dB CP, and blocking profile of the wideband receiver using the on-chip stimulus generator are within ±8%, ±10%, and ±18% of their actual values, respectively. These error values are acceptable for making a pass or fail decision during production testing.
Cinnamyl alcohols and methyl esters of fatty acids from Wedelia prostrata callus cultures

Two methyl esters of fatty acids, namely octadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl stearate) (1) and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate) (2), in addition to four cinnamyl alcohol derivatives, sinapyl alcohol (3), coniferyl alcohol (4), p-coumaryl alcohol (5) and coniferyl alcohol 4-O-glucoside (coniferin) (6), were isolated from callus cultures of Wedelia prostrata. The structure of coniferin was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods, while the other compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and thin layer chromatography in comparison with standards.
What Do Music Preferences Reveal About Personality? A Cross-Cultural Replication Using Self-Ratings and Ratings of Music Samples

The present study is the first to examine the relationship between music preferences and personality among a sample of young Germans (N = 422, age range 21-26 years). We replicated the factor structure of the Short Test of Music Preferences (STOMP, Rentfrow & Gosling, 2003) by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The validity of the STOMP was also confirmed for the first time by rating soundclips. The relationship between the dimensions of personality (Big Five Inventory) and music preferences (STOMP and soundclips) was analyzed with a structural equation model (SEM). Gender differences were examined with multigroup analyses (MGA). Our findings corroborate earlier findings on the relationship between music preferences and personality: Individuals open to experience prefer reflective and complex music (e.g., classical) and intense and rebellious music (e.g., rock), whereas they dislike upbeat and conventional types of music (e.g., pop music). Extraverts, on the other hand, prefer upbeat and conventional and energetic and rhythmic types of music (e.g., rap/hip-hop). The results reveal some gender differences.
How competent are trainee and newly qualified counsellors to work with Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual clients and what do they perceive as their most effective learning experiences?

Abstract Aim: Professional therapy organisations promote the importance of working with difference, yet subtle negative biases towards lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients continue. Issues of competence in this area have only recently been addressed. This research aims to study the effectiveness of training to support therapists working with LGB clients in Britain. Method: Students (past and present) of an integrative counselling diploma course completed questionnaires including: background details, a Sexual Orientation Counselor Competence scale (Bidell, 2005), and two qualitative questions about previous learning relating to LGB issues. Quantitative analysis utilising a one way ANOVA test was used to compare the levels of competence at different times in training, and grounded theory to analyse the qualitative responses. Results: Results show that students have a high level of awareness, although a lower level measured in year two of the programme. The qualitative results indicate the learning value.