Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach of Optimizing Power in WSN with Random Topology under Rayleigh Channels

The paper proposes an approach of optimizing transmit power in wireless sensor networks with random topology in order to prolong node lifetime. It defines optimal transmit power as the minimum transmit power used by all nodes necessary to guarantee end-to-end bit error rate (BER) requirement. Assuming Rayleigh fading channels and two- dimensional Poisson topology, we bring nearest with forward progress (NFP) routing strategy and enhanced Aloha protocol into the SINR model. On the basis of the SINR model, we derive the expression of optimal transmit power and investigate the tradeoff among the average lifetime of nodes, transmit power and node density. The numerical results demonstrate that optimal transmit power can try its best to prolong node lifetime in the precondition of guaranteeing end-to-end bit error rate (BER) requirement. Besides, increasing the forwarding angle epsiv can decreases the optimal transmit power.
Recent Developments in Tough Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications

A hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network with high water content and has been attractive for many biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, classic hydrogels are mechanically weak and unsuitable for most physiological load-bearing situations. Thus, the development of tough hydrogels used in the biomedical field becomes critical. This work reviews various strategies to fabricate tough hydrogels with the introduction of non-covalent bonds and the construction of stretchable polymer networks and interpenetrated networks, such as the so-called double-network hydrogel. Additionally, the design of tough hydrogels for tissue adhesive, tissue engineering, and soft actuators is reviewed.
IMPACT OF THE SEGMENTATION FOR MODELS OF ANALYSIS IN GRANTING OF CREDIT: A COMPARISON OF RESULTS

This paper explores the contribution of segmentation data for analysis models in granting of credit. The decision of granting credit directly impacts business continuance, which justifies the importance of managing the risk of default. Given a base of 50,000 customers, it’s applied discriminant analysis to classify the predictive ability of this technique. Neural Networks are also used with this goal. Further, the data is segmented by cluster analysis K-Means, applies discriminant analysis, and then the Neural networks for each cluster formed. The sum of hits obtained in the second step is compared with the previous results. The process is repeated for the TwoStep Cluster analysis. The classifying capacity is higher for the two techniques combined with the K-means analysis. The results obtained with the TwoStep Cluster analysis weren’t satisfactory. Finally, it was found that Neural networks have better classification ability.
Estimating software effort and function point using regression, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Networks models

Accurate computation of software effort, cost and time required ahead would greatly reduce risk and maximize profit. Estimating software effort or computing the required function point helps project manager to better estimate the time and budget required for a project. Many statistical models were proposed in the past. These models suffer many problems related to parameter estimation and structure determination of the models. In this paper we presents two models for software effort estimation and one model for function points using Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The proposed models have number of inputs and single output. The first model utilizes the Source Line Of Code (KLOC) as inputs; while the second model utilize the KLOC and development Methodology (ME) as inputs to estimate the Effort (E); while the third model utilize the Inputs, Outputs, Files, and User Inquiries as inputs to estimate the Function Point (FP). The proposed SVM and ANN models show better estimation capabilities compared to linear regression model models. These models are capable of providing better assistant to software project manager in computing the effort required of the number of function points.
Value-Deviation-Bounded Serial Data Encoding for Energy-Efficient Approximate Communication

Transferring data between ICs accounts for a growing proportion of system power in wearable and mobile systems. Reducing signal transitions reduces the dynamic power dissipated in this data transfer, but traditional approaches cannot be applied when the transfer interfaces are serial buses. To address this challenge, we present a family of optimal value-deviation-bounded approximate serial encoders (VDBS encoders) that significantly reduce signal transitions (and hence, dynamic power) for bit-serial communication interfaces. When the data in transfer are from sensors, VDBS encoding enables a tradeoff between power efficiency and application fidelity, by exploiting the tolerance of many of the typical algorithms consuming sensor data to deviations in values. We derive analytic formulations for the family of VDBS encoders and introduce an efficient algorithm that performs close to the Pareto-optimal encoders. We evaluate the algorithm in two applications: Encoding data between a camera and processor in a text-recognition system, and between an accelerometer and processor in a pedometer system. For the text recognizer, the algorithm reduces signal transitions by 55 % on average, while maintaining OCR accuracy at over 90 % for previously-correctly-recognized text. For the pedometer, the algorithm reduces signal transitions by an average of 54 % in exchange for step count errors of under 5 %.
The Impact of Obstruction on a Model of Competitive Exclusion in Plants

This study extends an earlier work on an agent based model of competitive exclusion in plants by adding obstructions to a toroidal agent world. The agents are called grid plants, whose genome specifies their pattern of growth and when they make seeds. Seed production is the figure of merit used to assess the success of grid plants. Barriers are found to substantially inhibit seed production, out of proportion to the amount of space they occupy. Two types of barriers are used, ones that occupy productive space in the simulation and ones that block growth between grids of the simulation but occupy no space. Both sorts of barriers are found to inhibit seed production well in excess of the physical space obstructed, nor is fraction of obstruction a strong determinant of the level of inhibition. There is a cooperative effect from both seed mortality and barriers: past some threshold dependent on both, the plants take much longer to achieve exponential growth, if at all. A very strong effect of nonlocal adaptation is apparent in the results, where plants evolved under increasing hardship are initially better adapted, even to other boards, but the effect reverses when evolutionary pressure becomes too high.
Correct , Reactive Robot Control from Abstraction and Temporal Logic Specifications

We describe recent advances in formal synthesis of robot controllers from temporal logic specifications. In particular, we consider reactive specifications where the robot continuously gathers information about its environment and decides its action at run time based on this information. The automatically generated controller is provably correct with respect to a given specification for all the valid environment behaviors. We discuss the main limitation of such controller synthesis – the state explosion problem – and two approaches that mitigate this problem. Computational tools that implement these approaches are also described. An autonomous vehicle navigating an urbanlike environment is used as an illustrative example throughout the paper.
What Happens When Word of Mouth Goes Mobile?

Individuals are likely to exhibit different behaviors between mobile and non-mobile devices, for a number of reasons. For example, mobile devices enable ubiquitous access, through their portability, yet they also constrain users because of the smaller form factor. Very little work to date has attempted to examine the impact of these differences holistically. Indeed, the work that does exist has generally focused on approaches to location-based advertising. One particularly important aspect of mobile usage behavior pertains to user content generation. Bearing this in mind, we aim here to improve our understanding of device-dependent user behavior by examining differences in content generated on mobile and non-mobile devices, in the context of electronic word of mouth. We demonstrate a variety of important differences in reviews that are submitted via mobile devices; they exhibit lower and more varied star ratings, contain more concrete and emotional text, and are generally perceived as more helpful. We discuss the implications for both service providers and the management of online review platforms.
Is Applied Monetary Policy Analysis Hard

In this paper, I argue that applied monetary policy analysis is hard. In particular, all of our models are grossly deficient relative to the ideal, and this cannot be corrected in the medium term. This view has important implications for answering the Simsian question of whether any given change in policy analysis methods is progress or regress. As an application of these ideas, I assess the potential role of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models to policy analysis. If DSGE models are modified so they can play all the functions as old-style models, progress or regress may be unclear. If these models are used in the roles for which they are best suited, they can make a vital positive contribution.
X-Ray Spectral Survey of WGACAT Quasars. I. Spectral Evolution and Low-Energy Cutoffs

We have used the WGA catalog of ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) X-ray sources to study the X-ray spectrum of about 500 quasars in the redshift interval 0.1-4.1, detected with a signal-to-noise ratio better than 7. We have parameterized the PSPC spectrum in terms of two "effective energy spectral indices," αS (0.1-0.8 keV), and αH (0.4-2.4 keV), which allows for the different Galactic NH along the quasars' line of sight. We have used these data to explore the questions raised by the initial PSPC high-redshift quasar studies, and in particular the occurrence of low-energy X-ray cutoffs in high-redshift radio-loud quasars. We have also studied the emission spectra of a large sample of radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars and studied their differences. We find that low-energy X-ray cutoffs are more commonly (and perhaps exclusively) found in radio-loud quasars. Therefore, the low-energy X-ray cutoffs are physically associated with the quasars, and not with intervening systems, since those would affect radio-quiet and radio-loud equally. We suggest that photoelectric absorption is a likely origin of these cutoffs. The number of "cutoffs" in radio-loud quasars significantly increases with redshift rather than with luminosity. A partial correlation analysis confirms that αS is truly anticorrelated with redshift at the 99.9% confidence level, indicating evolution with cosmic epoch, and not a luminosity effect. Conversely, for αH the observed anticorrelation with redshift is mostly due to a strong dependence on luminosity. In radio-quiet quasars, we find marginal evidence for a flattening of αH (P = 4.5%), going from z < 1 to z = 2, in agreement with previous studies. Radio-loud quasars at z < 2.2 instead show a "concave" spectrum (αH < αS by ~0.2). This new result is consistent with the widespread suggestion that the flatter X-ray spectra of radio-loud quasars may be due to an additional component above those seen in radio-quiet quasars. However, it might also imply different processes at work in radio-loud and radio-quiet sources. At z ≳ 2 the average soft and hard indices are similar and are both significantly smaller than at lower redshifts. This can be due to the soft component of radio-loud quasars being completely shifted out of the PSPC band at z > 2.
Characterization of Metabolites during Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) with Municipal Anaerobic Sludge

ABSTRACT The biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in liquid cultures with municipal anaerobic sludge showed that at least two degradation routes were involved in the disappearance of the cyclic nitramine. In one route, RDX was reduced to give the familiar nitroso derivatives hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX). In the second route, two novel metabolites, methylenedinitramine [(O2NNH)2CH2] and bis(hydroxymethyl)nitramine [(HOCH2)2NNO2], formed and were presumed to be ring cleavage products produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the inner C—N bonds of RDX. None of the above metabolites accumulated in the system, and they disappeared to produce nitrous oxide (N2O) as a nitrogen-containing end product and formaldehyde (HCHO), methanol (MeOH), and formic acid (HCOOH) that in turn disappeared to produce CH4 and CO2 as carbon-containing end products.
Smx Nuclease Is the Major, Low-pH-Inducible Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease in Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACT The causative agent of dental caries in humans, Streptococcus mutans, outcompetes other bacterial species in the oral cavity and causes disease by surviving acidic conditions in dental plaque. We have previously reported that the low-pH survival strategy of S. mutans includes the ability to induce a DNA repair system that appears to involve an enzyme with exonuclease functions (K. Hahn, R. C. Faustoferri, and R. G. Quivey, Jr., Mol. Microbiol 31:1489-1498, 1999). Here, we report overexpression of the S. mutans apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, Smx, in Escherichia coli; initial characterization of its enzymatic activity; and analysis of an smx mutant strain of S. mutans. Insertional inactivation of the smx gene eliminates the low-pH-inducible exonuclease activity previously reported. In addition, loss of Smx activity renders the mutant strain sensitive to hydrogen peroxide treatment but relatively unaffected by acid-mediated damage or near-UV irradiation. The smx strain of S. mutans was highly sensitive to the combination of iron and hydrogen peroxide, indicating the likely production of hydroxyl radical by Fenton chemistry with concomitant formation of AP sites that are normally processed by the wild-type allele. Smx activity was sufficiently expressed in E. coli to protect an xth mutant strain from the effects of hydrogen peroxide treatment. The data indicate that S. mutans expresses an inducible, class II-like AP endonuclease, encoded by the smx gene, that exhibits exonucleolytic activity and is regulated as part of the acid-adaptive response of the organism. Smx is likely the primary, if not the sole, AP endonuclease induced during growth at low pH values.
ON FUZZY PRIME IDEALS OF LATTICE

In this paper, We study the notion of fuzzy prime ideal and highlight the difference between fuzzy prime ideal and prime fuzzy ideal. Using the characterization of fuzzy ideal induced by a fuzzy set, we show that a fuzzy ideal μ of a lattice is a fuzzy prime ideal if and only if any nonempty α−cut set of μ is a prime ideal. We show that if a fuzzy ideal μ is proper and maximal then μ is a fuzzy prime ideal. By an example, we show that the converse is not true. At the end we give a fuzzy prime ideal theorem.
The Photometric Amplitude and Mass Ratio Distributions of Contact Binary Stars

The distribution of the light variation amplitudes A(a), in addition to determining the number of undiscovered contact binary systems falling below photometric detection thresholds and thus lost to statistics, can serve as a tool in determination of the mass ratio distribution Q(q), which is very important for understanding of the evolution of contact binaries. Calculations of the expected A(a) show that it tends to converge to a mass ratio dependent constant value for a → 0. Strong dependence of A(a) on Q(q) can be used to determine the latter distribution, but the technique is limited by the presence of unresolved visual companions and by blending in crowded areas of the sky. The bright-star sample to 7.5 mag is too small for an application of the technique, while the Baade's window sample from the OGLE project may suffer stronger blending; thus the present results are preliminary and illustrative only. Estimates based on the Baade's window data from the OGLE project, for amplitudes a > 0.3 mag, where the statistics appear to be complete allowing determination of Q(q) over 0.12 ≤ q ≤ 1, suggest a steep increase of Q(q) with q → 0. The mass ratio distribution can be approximated by a power law, either Qa(q) ∝ (1 - q)a1 with a1 = 6 ± 2 or Qb(q) ∝ qb1 with b1 = -2 ± 0.5, with a slight preference for the former form. While both forms would predict very large numbers of small mass ratio systems, these predictions must be modified by the theoretically expected cutoff caused by a tidal instability at qmin ≃ 0.07–0.1. A maximum in Q(q), due to the interplay of a steep power-law increase in Q(q) for q → 0 and of the cutoff at qmin, is expected to be mapped into a local maximum in A(a) around a ≃ 0.2–0.25 mag. When better statistics of the amplitudes are available, the location of this maximum will shed light on the currently poorly known value of qmin. The correction factor linking the apparent, inclination-uncorrected frequency of W UMa–type systems to the true spatial frequency remains poorly constrained at about 1.5 to 2 times.
The everyday politics of the age of austerity : crisis and the legitimation of fiscal consolidation in the UK

In 2010, the British Coalition government came to power explicitly promising spending cuts as part of a wider fiscal consolidation programme to resolve a debt crisis. Despite this promise to reduce public services, the British public seemed to reluctantly accept as necessary the imperatives of this debt crisis. Why? Through the analysis of data from focus groups conducted around Birmingham, this thesis tackles this puzzle of austerity acquiescence by answering a double-edged central research question: how do everyday actors make sense of austerity, and what do these processes tell us about the legitimation of austerity and the wider politics of crisis? The central argument is that while austerity is a vague and highly moral idea, it is simultaneously powerful and 'successful' inasmuch that it resonates with the 'mood of the times'. In other words, fiscal consolidation has been conferred a degree of legitimacy since it can be justified in line with some of the intersubjective beliefs and experiences of the public. Through this argument, this thesis primarily contributes to the discipline of political economy through a novel empirical account of austerity acquiescence and a constructivist framework for exploring how crises and narratives are conferred legitimacy through resonating with the mood of the times.
Bupropion Hydroxylation as a Selective Marker of Rat CYP2B1 Catalytic Activity

Benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylation (BROD) is usually used as a marker of cytochrome P450 (P450) 2B1 in rat. However, some reports show that CYP1A2 is also highly implicated. The purpose of the present study was to establish bupropion (BUP) hydroxylation, but not BROD, as a selective in vitro marker of CYP2B1 catalytic activity. IC50 for BROD and BUP hydroxylation were equivalent (40.8 ± 4.6 and 41.8 ± 3.4 μM, respectively) when using liver microsomes from β-naphthoflavone-pretreated rats in the presence of metyrapone (CYP2B1 inhibitor). When using the same microsomes in the presence of CYP1A1/2-selective inhibitor α-naphthoflavone, we found an IC50 of 2.5 × 10−3 ± 0.8 × 10−3 μM for BROD and >100 μM for BUP hydroxylation. These results suggest that CYP2B1 is similarly involved in both activities, whereas CYP1A2 is involved in BROD activity but not in BUP hydroxylation. BUP hydroxylation was assessed in microsomes from baculovirus-infected insect cells coexpressing NADPH-P450 oxidoreductase, and 14 rat P450s and kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) were determined. BUP hydroxylation was predominantly catalyzed by CYP2B1 (75% of total hydroxybupropion formation), low activity was detected with CYP2E1 and CYP2C11 (10.9 and 8.7% of total hydroxybupropion, respectively), and activity was almost undetectable with the other P450 isoforms at saturating substrate concentrations (2500 μM), thereby validating the use of BUP as a diagnostic in vitro marker of CYP2B1 catalytic activity in rat.
A Location Tracking Control for Unmanned Small Scale Helicopter Using Sliding Mode Controller

Location tracking control system is developed for an unmanned small scale helicopter using sliding mode controller and cascade controller. The developed control system consists of an inner loop and outer loop. The inner loop control system determines the attitude of the helicopter based on the equation of motion with sliding mode controller. The outer loop control system based on the linear model of the helicopter generates the attitude reference according to the given position, heading references, altitude of the helicopter etc. The linear model for the outer loop control system is obtained by a linearization of the nonlinear helicopter dynamics during hover flight. A numerical simulation is performed on the nonlinear helicopter model to validate the effectiveness of the controller.
Dictionary training with genetic algorithm for sparse representation

Recently, Dozens of applications for sparse representation has been developed. The model with l0-norm as constraint is an NP hard problem. How to find the global optimal solution is a difficult point of this area. For genetic algorithm is good at solving NP hard problem, a dictionary training method based on it is proposed in this paper. The samples are first classified randomly for generate original population and residual of approximate the sample class with a rank-1 matrix as fitness is calculated. Then, select better individuals using league matches. After that new individuals are generated from crossover and mutation and the residual of the representation is used as data samples for training the dictionary for the next layer. The experimental results show the algorithm are effective.
’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Cross-examining suggestibility : memory , childhood , expertise-children ’ s testimony between psychological research and juridical practice Book Chapter

Although research into childrens eyewitness testimony has become more and more refined findings do not translate smoothly into practice. While competing scientific approaches produce complex results, practice is haunted by polarised debates that divert attention away from child witnesses or even undermine their position. In this paper I argue that an overall lack of concern for the reciprocal relationships between juridical, psychological and public discourses is responsible for this dynamic, which is furthermore fuelled by the fact that the concept of suggestibility has always remained an ill-defined entity. To address this problem I will introduce a multidisciplinary research perspective that is aimed to add transparency to the field by analysing the counterproductive dynamics between theory and application on an international level. Child witness research and practice in Britain and Germany are examined as comparative case examples via in-depth interviews with academic, psychological and juridical professionals who work in the field.