Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bipedal walking pattern design based on synchronization of the motions in sagittal and lateral planes

In this paper, a new design approach of bipedal walking pattern based on the synchronization of the motions in sagittal and lateral planes are presented and two walking patterns of ZMP fixed and ZMP variable cases are developed. Based on our previous work, bipedal walking is separated into the initial acceleration, double support, deceleration, and acceleration phases; consequently, the nature that bipedal walking is in fact a continuous acceleration and deceleration motion is revealed. With the discusses on the motions both in the sagittal and lateral planes, the fact that the motions in these two planes are tightly coupled together is clarified. The motion parameters such as the walking velocity, walking time, and phase stride can be easily changed simply by altering the swinging amplitude in lateral plane that is determined by the double support phase. The constraint conditions of the phase stride, velocity and swinging amplitude are investigated. Therefore, an approach for adjusting walking velocity by controlling the swinging amplitude is naturally developed. The motion planning is also presented and a numerical example is given out.
Confucius: Philosopher of twenty-first century skills

Abstract In this article, I examine the Partnership for twenty-first Century Skills (P21) framework from a Confucian perspective. Given that this framework has attracted attention around the world, including Confucian-heritage societies, an analysis of how key ideas compare with Confucian values appears important and timely. As I shall show, although Confucian philosophy largely resonates with the ‘Learning and Innovation Skills’ in the P21 framework, namely, critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity, it also provides fresh perspectives and nuances the framework. These insights include the notion that critical thinking is not a strictly cognitive endeavour but an affective one as well, a social construal of the self, and an ethical notion of creativity. This article aims to redress the under-representation of Asian philosophy in the philosophy of education. It also hopes to initiate more philosophical dialogues between Asia and the West.
Mixed-phase induced core-quakes and the changes in neutron-star parameters

We present approximate formulae describing the changes in neutron-star parameters caused by the first-order phase transition to an exotic state (pion or kaon condensate, quark matter) resulting in formation of a mixed-phase core. The analytical formulae for the changes in radius, moment of inertia and the amount of energy released during the core-quake are derived using the theory of linear response of stellar structure to the core transformation. Numerical coefficients in these formulae are obtained for two realistic equations of state (EOSs) of dense matter. The problem of nucleation of the exotic phase as well as possible astrophysical scenarios leading to a core-quake phenomenon are also discussed.
Evaluating the Effects of Training High School Students to use Summarization When Training Includes Analogically Similar Information

The present study investigated the impact of instructing high school students to summarize by comparing students taught to summarize versus those who received no formal instruction. To test whether the amount of detail in the study material affected the content of summaries, some students were provided with elaborated text and others were given condensed text. Additionally, performance was compared for students who were trained using information that was analogous and transferable to study passages versus students who were not exposed to analogous materials. The effects of these manipulations were assessed through written summaries produced by students, free recall and performance measures. The most important finding was that the students experienced some benefit from explicit instruction in summarization skills, including greater strategic knowledge about the structure of summaries and modest achievement gains.
A Three-Dimensional Model of Residential Energy Consumer Archetypes for Local Energy Policy Design in the UK

This paper reviews major studies in three traditional lines of research in residential energy consumption in the UK, i.e., economic/infrastructure, behaviour, and load profiling. Based on the review the paper proposes a three-dimensional model for archetyping residential energy consumers in the UK by considering property energy efficiency levels, the greenness of household behaviour of using energy, and the duration of property daytime occupancy. With the proposed model, eight archetypes of residential energy consumers in the UK have been identified. They are: pioneer greens, follower greens, concerned greens, home stayers, unconscientious wasters, regular wasters, daytime wasters, and disengaged wasters. Using a case study, these archetypes of residential energy consumers demonstrate the robustness of the 3-D model in aiding local energy policy/intervention design in the UK.
Profiling IP hosts based on traffic behavior

Internet is growing very fast in size and applications which causes more complexity in its structure which demands more efforts for monitoring and management. For an efficient network security and management it's required to have a better understanding of its structure and traffic caused by different elements (IP hosts). There is a need to improve systems and methods that can provide this kind of knowledge and understanding. The objective of this research is to study the behavior of IP Network nodes (IP hosts) from the prospective of their communication behavior patterns to setup hosts' behavior profiles of the observed IP nodes by clustering hosts into groups of similar communication behaviors. There are many potential applications of this work; the results of this research will be useful to the network management and Network Security Situational Awareness (NSSA) in addition to its applications in studying the network user's behavior.
A Scape Plot Representation for Visualizing Repetitive Structures of Music Recordings

The development of automated methods for revealing the repetitive structure of a given music recording is of central importance in music information retrieval. In this paper, we present a novel scape plot representation that allows for visualizing repetitive structures of the entire music recording in a hierarchical, compact, and intuitive way. In a scape plot, each point corresponds to an audio segment identified by its center and length. As our main contribution, we assign to each point a color value so that two segment properties become apparent. Firstly, we use the lightness component of the color to indicate the repetitiveness of the encoded segment, where we revert to a recently introduced fitness measure. Secondly, we use the hue component of the color to reveal the relations between different segments. To this end, we introduce a novel grouping procedure that automatically maps related segments to similar hue values. By discussing a number of popular and classical music examples, we illustrate the potential and visual appeal of our representation and also indicate limitations.
Victimization in Context Parenting and Socialization

Although most parents trust that school is a safe place for their children, and that their children will enjoy themselves at school, the risk that their child becomes a victim of harassment or abuse while at school is in fact quite high. Such victimization can be both physical as well as psychological (Crick, Casas & Mosher, 1997). Chronic victimization by peers has been shown to occur in every culture Victimization is a highly common stressor that exceeds the independent coping skills of most young children. argued that in the early stages of group formation victims are mostly selected at random. Using self‐reports of peer victimization, Kochenderfer and Ladd (1996b) found that whereas 20.5% of the 200 participating kindergarten children were identified as victims in the Fall period, only 8.5% of the children were classified as victims both in Fall and 3 to 4 months later. Kochenderfer‐Ladd and Wardrop (2001) even found that while 60% of the children reported that they had been victimized at one or more of the four yearly assessments (starting at the entrance of kindergarten through third grade) only 4‐14% of the sample emerged as stable victims. These results indicate considerable instability in victimization status and presents, therefore, a clear case of multifinality. Some children are victim for a short period, and will continue to develop along normative pathways. Other children are chronic victims of bullying, and may develop along increasingly deviant pathways. An important task of the science of developmental psychopathology is to unravel these divergent pathways in terms of underlying processes and mechanisms. The aim of the present thesis was to disentangle knew the first afternoon that it was a total mistake. In my memory, it was after one week school that a group, led by a girl from the sixth grade, was lying in wait for me after school. I believe I was only beaten up that first time. In varying groups this continued until about age 15, in varying degrees and different forms. Arthur Japin, 2004 10 INTRODUCTION pathways linking early victimization to later victimization and to non‐victimization by taking into account the role of parenting. Parents are likely to respond to their child being bullied and will try to influence the course that this victimization takes. We focused on the youngest groups of primary school children 1 , when in terms of numbers of children affected, victimization is at its most widespread …
Achieving Secure Fuzzy Commitment Scheme for Optical PUFs

Home security surveillance systems, using stable and fully equipped monitors, may reduce losses caused by burglary and increase home safety. In this paper, we present the implementation of a quick and cost-effective wireless connected home security surveillance system using Lego Mindstorms NXT robot tool kit and JAVA language. The system implemented uses Bluetooth protocol to record data monitored.
Association of the tyrosine phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor with a 55-kD tyrosine phosphorylated protein at the cell surface and in endosomes

After the intraportal injection of EGF, the EGF receptor (EGFR) is rapidly internalized into hepatic endosomes where it remains largely receptor bound (Lai et al., 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:2751-2760). In the present study, we evaluated the phosphotyrosine content of EGFRs at the cell surface and in endosomes in order to assess the consequences of internalization. Quantitative estimates of specific radioactivity of the EGFR in these two compartments revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR was observed at the cell surface within 30 s of ligand administration. However, the EGFR was also highly phosphorylated in endosomes reaching levels of tyrosine phosphorylation significantly higher than those of the cell surface receptor at 5 and 15 min after EGF injection. A 55-kD tyrosine phosphorylated polypeptide (pyp55) was observed in association with the EGFR at the cell surface within 30 s of EGF injection. The protein was also found in association with the EGFR in endosomes as evidenced by coprecipitation studies using a mAb to the EGFR as well as by coelution with the EGR in gel permeation chromatography. Limited proteolysis of isolated endosomes indicated that the tyrosine phosphorylated domains of the EGFR and associated pyp55 were cytosolically oriented while internalized EGF was intraluminal. The identification of pyp55 in association with EGFR in both hepatic plasma membranes and endosomes may be relevant to EGFR function and/or trafficking of the EGFR.
A New Approach to Abstract Machines - Introduction to the Theory of Configuration Machines

An abstract machine is a theoretical model designed to perform a rigorous study of computation. Such a model usually consists of configurations, instructions, programs, inputs and outputs for the machine. In this paper we formalize these notions as a very simple algebraic system, called a configuration machine. If an abstract machine is defined as a configuration machine consisting of primitive recursive functions then the functions computed by the machine are always recursive. The theory of configuration machines provides a useful tool to study universal machines.
MR360: Mixed Reality Rendering for 360° Panoramic Videos

This paper presents a novel immersive system called MR360 that provides interactive mixed reality (MR) experiences using a conventional low dynamic range (LDR) 360° panoramic video (360-video) shown in head mounted displays (HMDs). MR360 seamlessly composites 3D virtual objects into a live 360-video using the input panoramic video as the lighting source to illuminate the virtual objects. Image based lighting (IBL) is perceptually optimized to provide fast and believable results using the LDR 360-video as the lighting source. Regions of most salient lights in the input panoramic video are detected to optimize the number of lights used to cast perceptible shadows. Then, the areas of the detected lights adjust the penumbra of the shadow to provide realistic soft shadows. Finally, our real-time differential rendering synthesizes illumination of the virtual 3D objects into the 360-video. MR360 provides the illusion of interacting with objects in a video, which are actually 3D virtual objects seamlessly composited into the background of the 360-video. MR360 was implemented in a commercial game engine and tested using various 360-videos. Since our MR360 pipeline does not require any pre-computation, it can synthesize an interactive MR scene using a live 360-video stream while providing realistic high performance rendering suitable for HMDs.
Scalable Simple Random Sampling and Stratified Sampling

Analyzing data sets of billions of records has now become a regular task in many companies and institutions. In the statistical analysis of those massive data sets, sampling generally plays a very important role. In this work, we describe a scalable simple random sampling algorithm, named ScaSRS, which uses probabilistic thresholds to decide on the fly whether to accept, reject, or wait-list an item independently of others. We prove, with high probability, it succeeds and needs only O(√k) storage, where k is the sample size. ScaSRS extends naturally to a scalable stratified sampling algorithm, which is favorable for heterogeneous data sets. The proposed algorithms, when implemented in MapReduce, can effectively reduce the size of intermediate output and greatly improve load balancing. Empirical evaluation on large-scale data sets clearly demonstrates their superiority.
Atmospheric Effects on InSAR measurements in southern China and Australia : a comparative study

Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals are often seriously contaminated by atmospheric delays. The state of the atmosphere, especially the atmospheric water vapor, varies significantly both in space and with time. It is necessary to understand the characteristics of the atmospheric variations in order to devise appropriate means for the mitigation of the effects. We use interferograms generated from some ERS tandem pairs covering Hong Kong, Shanghai of southern China and New South Wales of Australia to study the characteristics of the atmospheric effects in these areas. The anisotropy and Gaussianity of the atmospheric effects are first examined with the method of Radon transform and Hinich test and then compared in terms of different regions and climate patterns. The spectral features of the atmospheric effects are then analyzed with the method of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and power spectrum. The implication of the results on practical Interferometric SAR (InSAR) measurements, especially on the modeling and correction of the atmospheric effects are examined.
Dynamic data models: an application of MOP-based persistence in Common Lisp

The data model of an application, the nature and format of data stored across executions, is typically a very rigid part of its early specification, even when prototyping, and changing it after code that relies on it was written can prove quite expensive and error-prone. Code and data in a running Lisp image can be dynamically modified. A MOP-based persistence library can bring this dynamicity to the data model. This enables to extend the easy prototyping way of development to the storage of data and helps avoiding interruptions of service. This article presents the conditions to do this portably and transparently.
Apoptotic stimuli initiate MLL-AF9 translocations that are transcribed in cells capable of division.

Activation of apoptosis introduces a site-specific break within intron 11 of the MLL gene. Using the CD95 apoptotic signaling pathway in human lymphoblastoid cells, the 5' fragment of MLL undergoes translocation to intron 4 of AF9 and the proleukemogenic MLL-AF9 fusion gene created is transcribed. Both the breaks in MLL and transcription of the MLL-AF9 fusion gene are suppressed in the presence of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, zVAD.fmk. Duplicate cells containing sequence identical MLL-AF9 fusion junctions were identified within a cell population that had recovered from apoptosis. This indicated that cells harboring a translocation initiated by apoptotic cleavage had divided. These data are consistent with a novel pathogenic role for the apoptotic program where translocations with leukemogenic potential are created within cells that have the capacity to divide.
Understanding human intentions via Hidden Markov Models in autonomous mobile robots

Understanding intent is an important aspect of communication among people and is an essential component of the human cognitive system. This capability is particularly relevant for situations that involve collaboration among agents or detection of situations that can pose a threat. In this paper, we propose an approach that allows a robot to detect intentions of others based on experience acquired through its own sensory-motor capabilities, then using this experience while taking the perspective of the agent whose intent should be recognized. Our method uses a novel formulation of Hidden Markov Models designed to model a robot's experience and interaction with the world. The robot's capability to observe and analyze the current scene employs a novel vision-based technique for target detection and tracking, using a non-parametric recursive modeling approach. We validate this architecture with a physically embedded robot, detecting the intent of several people performing various activities.
Wavelet thresholding via a Bayesian approach

We discuss a Bayesian formalism which gives rise to a type of wavelet threshold estimation in nonparametric regression. A prior distribution is imposed on the wavelet coefficients of the unknown response function, designed to capture the sparseness of wavelet expansion that is common to most applications. For the prior specified, the posterior median yields a thresholding procedure. Our prior model for the underlying function can be adjusted to give functions falling in any specific Besov space. We establish a relationship between the hyperparameters of the prior model and the parameters of those Besov spaces within which realizations from the prior will fall. Such a relationship gives insight into the meaning of the Besov space parameters. Moreover, the relationship established makes it possible in principle to incorporate prior knowledge about the function's regularity properties into the prior model for its wavelet coefficients. However, prior knowledge about a function's regularity properties might be difficult to elicit; with this in mind, we propose a standard choice of prior hyperparameters that works well in our examples. Several simulated examples are used to illustrate our method, and comparisons are made with other thresholding methods. We also present an application to a data set that was collected in an anaesthesiological study.
Clozapine versus chlorpromazine for the treatment of schizophrenia: preliminary results from a double-blind study.

: Fifteen schizophrenic inpatients were treated in a double-blind comparison study of clozapine versus chlorpromazine. Clozapine appeared to be at least as effective as chlorpromazine without producing any extrapyramidal reactions. Although bone marrow toxicity associated with clozapine has led to the drug's withdrawal from clinical use, data from studies of clozapine demonstrate that a drug can be effective antipsychotic without producing neurologic reactions.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Lung Metastasis Arising from Dyshormonogenetic Goiter: A Case Report

Prior radiation exposure is the best known risk factor for thyroid cancers, and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) may arise from dyshormonogenetic goiter. A 17-year-old female patient was admitted to the department of chest diseases with respiratory symptoms. The patient had undergone a thyroid surgery for goiter at the age of 9. A bilateral nodular opacity was detected by radiological examination. The histopathologic examination of the specimen obtained from computed tomography guided trucut biopsy was diagnosed as PTC. We present a very rare case of PTC with lung metastasis that had undergone subtotal thyroidectomy due to dyshormonogenetic goiter eight years ago.
A novel system for the classification of diseased retinal ganglion cells

Abstract Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dendritic atrophy is an early feature of many forms of retinal degeneration, providing a challenge to RGC classification. The characterization of these changes is complicated by the possibility that selective labeling of any particular class can confound the estimation of dendritic remodeling. To address this issue we have developed a novel, robust, and quantitative RGC classification based on proximal dendritic features which are resistant to early degeneration. RGCs were labeled through the ballistic delivery of DiO and DiI coated tungsten particles to whole retinal explants of 20 adult Brown Norway rats. RGCs were grouped according to the Sun classification system. A comprehensive set of primary and secondary dendrite features were quantified and a new classification model derived using principal component (PCA) and discriminant analyses, to estimate the likelihood that a cell belonged to any given class. One-hundred and thirty one imaged RGCs were analyzed; according to the Sun classification, 24% (n = 31) were RGCA, 29% (n = 38) RGCB, 32% (n = 42) RGCC, and 15% (n = 20) RGCD. PCA gave a 3 component solution, separating RGCs based on descriptors of soma size and primary dendrite thickness, proximal dendritic field size and dendritic tree asymmetry. The new variables correctly classified 73.3% (n = 74) of RGCs from a training sample and 63.3% (n = 19) from a hold out sample indicating an effective model. Soma and proximal dendritic tree morphological features provide a useful surrogate measurement for the classification of RGCs in disease. While a definitive classification is not possible in every case, the technique provides a useful safeguard against sample bias where the normal criteria for cell classification may not be reliable.