Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological Roles of ArcA, Crp, and EtrA and Their Interactive Control on Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration in Shewanella oneidensis

In the genome of Shewanella oneidensis, genes encoding the global regulators ArcA, Crp, and EtrA have been identified. All these proteins deviate from their counterparts in E. coli significantly in terms of functionality and regulon. It is worth investigating the involvement and relationship of these global regulators in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in S. oneidensis. In this study, the impact of the transcriptional factors ArcA, Crp, and EtrA on aerobic and anaerobic respiration in S. oneidensis were assessed. While all these proteins appeared to be functional in vivo, the importance of individual proteins in these two major biological processes differed. The ArcA transcriptional factor was critical in aerobic respiration while the Crp protein was indispensible in anaerobic respiration. Using a newly developed reporter system, it was found that expression of arcA and etrA was not influenced by growth conditions but transcription of crp was induced by removal of oxygen. An analysis of the impact of each protein on transcription of the others revealed that Crp expression was independent of the other factors whereas ArcA repressed both etrA and its own transcription while EtrA also repressed arcA transcription. Transcriptional levels of arcA in the wild type, crp, and etrA strains under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions were further validated by quantitative immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody against ArcA. This extensive survey demonstrated that all these three global regulators are functional in S. oneidensis. In addition, the reporter system constructed in this study will facilitate in vivo transcriptional analysis of targeted promoters.
Superinfection of a chimpanzee with a second strain of human immunodeficiency virus

Two chimpanzees, one (C-499) infected with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus type 2 (ARV-2) strain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and one (C-560) infected with the lymphadenopathy-associated virus type 1 (LAV-1) strain of HIV, were inoculated with approximately 10(4) tissue culture infective doses of the reciprocal strain. At the time of the second inoculation, both chimpanzees had high titers of HIV-specific antibodies, including antibodies that neutralized both virus strains. After inoculation of the second strain of HIV, the antibody titers in both chimpanzees increased 4- to 10-fold, and in one chimpanzee (C-499), the numbers of infectious peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) increased 1,000-fold to levels that are comparable with those observed after primary HIV infections. By restriction enzyme analysis of virus recovered from PBMC, both ARV-2 and LAV-1 were identified in C-499, thus demonstrating that superinfection had occurred.
Quantifying software reliability using testing effort

Multiple Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) has been illustrated to inspire designers and software developers to develop quality software. These models implicitly assume that expenditure is constant throughout testing effort. Recently importance was given to the testing phase by the development team and it requires controlled screening closely to raise its overall operational efficiency. Software Reliability Growth Models exhibits a precise relation between the failure patterns with time. Considering this as a basic building block a SRGM which is a Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process in nature is i in this work. The various aspects of our proposed model are testing effort function and fault detection rate (FDR). Mainly in Software Reliability Growth Model it was assumed that fault removal process are perfect which is not true in reality as new faults may get introduced during removal or some faults may not get removed due to its complexity. Thus in this model the concept of imperfect debugging was considered and assists us to justify the software reliability more convincingly through the help of testing effort function.
A per-application account of bufferbloat: Causes and impact on users

We propose a methodology to gauge the extent of queueing delay (aka bufferbloat) in the Internet, based on purely passive measurement of TCP traffic. We implement our methodology in Tstat and make it available as open source software. We leverage Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and behavioral classification of Tstat to breakdown the queueing delay across different applications, in order to evaluate the impact of bufferbloat on user experience. We show that there is no correlation between the ISP traffic load and the queueing delay, thus confirming that bufferbloat is related only to the traffic of each single user (or household). Finally, we use frequent itemset mining techniques to associate the amount of queueing delay seen by each host with the set of its active applications, with the goal of investigating the root cause of bufferbloat.
EmotioNet Challenge: Recognition of facial expressions of emotion in the wild

This paper details the methodology and results of the EmotioNet challenge. This challenge is the first to test the ability of computer vision algorithms in the automatic analysis of a large number of images of facial expressions of emotion in the wild. The challenge was divided into two tracks. The first track tested the ability of current computer vision algorithms in the automatic detection of action units (AUs). Specifically, we tested the detection of 11 AUs. The second track tested the algorithms' ability to recognize emotion categories in images of facial expressions. Specifically, we tested the recognition of 16 basic and compound emotion categories. The results of the challenge suggest that current computer vision and machine learning algorithms are unable to reliably solve these two tasks. The limitations of current algorithms are more apparent when trying to recognize emotion. We also show that current algorithms are not affected by mild resolution changes, small occluders, gender or age, but that 3D pose is a major limiting factor on performance. We provide an in-depth discussion of the points that need special attention moving forward.
Qualitative Variables Associated with Older Adults' Compliance in a Tai Chi Group

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with tai chi group compliance among community-dwelling older adults. Twelve older adults participated in 10 classes, with an hour of taichi and a half-hour focus group, over a 5-week period. Focus group topics included exercise history, likes and dislikes of current group and instructor, and obstacles to learning tai chi. Tai chi was appealing to participants of all physical abilities, although those who dropped out appeared to have greater physical and cognitive limitations. Most participants found repetition and slow presentation of moves helpful. Many found it difficult to practice at home suggesting the potential utility of cues (e.g., audiotapes, videotapes, or printed materials) to facilitate home practice.
Towards a Strategy for Helping Redundant and Retiring Managers

During the recent recession redundancies and early retirements of managerial and professional staff have mounted astronomically. Although some of the reductions in staff represent &dquo;house cleaning&dquo; which the affected organisations have put off for some years, there is every indication that the problem will become chronic and will remain with us for the foreseeable future. In this paper I shall present a conceptional framework for planning help for those facing redundancy and retirement and review some concrete approaches which have proven useful elsewhere or which appear promising. I take the point of view that planning to help redundant and retiring managers is a behavioural problem. This by no means implies that economic and administrative aid and the provision of concrete information is not an important part of the helping process. From the point of view of the affected individual, however, redundancy and retirement are events which affect the individual’s life patterns extremely deeply. It is not rare for them to cause traumas and dislocations from which the individual never completely recovers. Help which does not recognise the depth and pervasiveness of the impact of these events must necessarily be superficial and quite possibly misguided.
Approaches to Studying and Perceptions of the Academic Environment in Students Following Problem-Based and Subject-Based Curricula

To investigate the effects of different kinds of curriculum, the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and a short form of the Approaches to Studying Inventory (ASI) were administered to 225 2nd-year students at six different schools of occupational therapy. Their curricula were classified as problem-based, subject-based or hybrid. Their scores on the scales of the CEQ and ASI were closely related, insofar as they shared more than half of their respective variance. Problem-based curricula were associated with higher scores on the scales of the CEQ concerned with appropriate assessment and emphasis on independence. With the ASI, problem-based curricula were associated with lower scores on all of the scales concerned with a reproducing orientation, and with higher scores on the scale concerned with a deep approach. These findings suggest that the implementation of a problem-based curriculum has desirable effects on the quality of learning, and these are at least in part mediated by students' perceptions of their academic environment.
Model Checking Rate-Monotonic Scheduler with TMSVL

This paper presents a model checking-based schedulability checking approach for Rate-Monotonic Scheduling (RMS) algorithm. To do so, RMS algorithm is modelled with TMSVL, and the desired property, i.e. Schedulability, is specified with the property specification language in TMSVL. Next, whether RMS algorithm is schedulable on a set of tasks is verified by checking whether the desired property is valid on the TMSVL model. A significant advantage of TMSVL is the mechanism of adjustable time intervals which makes an effective reduction on the state space.
Joint Decoding of Unequally Protected JPEG2000 Bitstreams and Reed-Solomon Codes

In this paper we present joint decoding of JPEG2000 bitstreams and Reed-Solomon codes in the context of unequal loss protection. Using error resilience features of JPEG2000 bitstreams, the joint decoder helps to restore the erased symbols when the Reed-Solomon decoder fails to retrieve them on its own. However, the joint decoding process might become time-consuming due to a search through the set of possible erased symbols. We propose the use of smaller codeblocks and transmission of a relatively small amount of side information with high reliability as two approaches to accelerate the joint decoding process. The accelerated joint decoder can deliver essentially the same quality enhancement as the nonaccelerated one, while operating several times faster.
Note University teachers' beliefs about goals and characteristics of good instruction

A large body of research findings reveals that teachers’ beliefs are an important variable to consider when designing faculty development initiatives. Consequently, beginning lecturers’ and teaching assistants’ instructional beliefs were measured in order to prepare faculty development initiatives at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Belgium). In order to adjust these initiatives to the specific needs of the participants, we wondered whether these beliefs differed according to discipline or teaching experience. Two research questions were formulated:
Fault Detection for T–S Fuzzy Discrete Systems in Finite-Frequency Domain

This paper investigates the problem of fault detection for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy discrete systems in finite-frequency domain. By means of the T-S fuzzy model, both a fuzzy fault detection filter system and the dynamics of filtering error generator are constructed. Two finite-frequency performance indices are introduced to measure fault sensitivity and disturbance robustness. Faults are considered in a middle frequency domain, while disturbances are considered in another certain finite-frequency domain interval. By using the generalized Kalman-Yakubovic-Popov Lemma in a local linear system model, the design methods are presented in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be readily solved via standard numerical software. The design problem is formulated as a two-objective optimization algorithm. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the developed techniques.
Energy management control for supplying partner selection protocol in mobile peer‐to‐peer three‐dimensional streaming

In recent years, three‐dimensional (3D) streaming over thin mobile devices has received very little attention from the research community. The 3D streaming‐based class of applications uses either a centralized or a distributed approach. whereas the former presents several drawbacks such as latency, server's bottleneck, and networks congestion; the latter, that is, peer‐to‐peer, has to deal with the supplying partner issue that consists in selecting the source that will be responsible for streaming the required 3D data. Given that frequent 3D streaming overuses the mobile device's resources and dissipates its energy, the energy factor should be taken into consideration during the selection of the supplier. In this paper, we propose two energy management control protocols for supplying partner selection in peer‐to‐peer 3D streaming that we refer to as one‐level energy‐based and two‐level energy‐based. We also propose a new source load estimator that takes into account two factors namely the source's residual energy and its number of served requests. In one‐level energy‐based, the requester uses the source's load information to prioritize the sources in an ascending order and distribute the requests starting with the least loaded sources. In two‐level energy‐based, both the requester and the supplier have important and complementary roles and participate in the energy management control. We then report on the performance evaluation of our energy management control protocols using an extensive set of simulation experiments with the NS2 tool. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical, Target, and Bioactive Properties of Allosteric Modulation

Allosteric modulators are ligands for proteins that exert their effects via a different binding site than the natural (orthosteric) ligand site and hence form a conceptually distinct class of ligands for a target of interest. Here, the physicochemical and structural features of a large set of allosteric and non-allosteric ligands from the ChEMBL database of bioactive molecules are analyzed. In general allosteric modulators are relatively smaller, more lipophilic and more rigid compounds, though large differences exist between different targets and target classes. Furthermore, there are differences in the distribution of targets that bind these allosteric modulators. Allosteric modulators are over-represented in membrane receptors, ligand-gated ion channels and nuclear receptor targets, but are underrepresented in enzymes (primarily proteases and kinases). Moreover, allosteric modulators tend to bind to their targets with a slightly lower potency (5.96 log units versus 6.66 log units, p<0.01). However, this lower absolute affinity is compensated by their lower molecular weight and more lipophilic nature, leading to similar binding efficiency and surface efficiency indices. Subsequently a series of classifier models are trained, initially target class independent models followed by finer-grained target (architecture/functional class) based models using the target hierarchy of the ChEMBL database. Applications of these insights include the selection of likely allosteric modulators from existing compound collections, the design of novel chemical libraries biased towards allosteric regulators and the selection of targets potentially likely to yield allosteric modulators on screening. All data sets used in the paper are available for download.
Discovering Neighborhood Pattern Queries by sample answers in knowledge base

Knowledge bases have shown their effectiveness in facilitating services like Web search and question-answering. Nevertheless, it remains challenging for ordinary users to fully understand the structure of a knowledge base and to issue structural queries. In many cases, users may have a natural language question and also know some popular (but not all) entities as sample answers. In this paper, we study the Reverse top-k Neighborhood Pattern Query problem, with the aim of discovering structural queries of the question based on: (i) the structure of the knowledge base, and (ii) the sample answers of the question. The proposed solution contains two phases: filter and refine. In the filter phase, a search space of candidate queries is systematically explored. The invalid queries whose result sets do not fully cover the sample answers are filtered out. In the refine phase, all surviving queries are verified to ensure that they are sufficiently relevant to the sample answers, with the assumption that the sample answers are more well-known or popular than other entities in the results of relevant queries. Several optimization techniques are proposed to accelerate the refine phrase. For evaluation, we conduct extensive experiments using the DBpedia knowledge base and a set of real-life questions. Empirical results show that our algorithm is able to provide a small set of possible queries, which contains the query matching the user question in natural language.
Genetics and Molecular Biology of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is a multisystem disorder exhibiting a wide range of manifestations characterized by tumour-like lesions called hamartomas in the brain, skin, eyes, heart, lungs and kidneys. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex is genetically determined with an autosomal dominant inheritance and is caused by inactivating mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. TSC1/2 genes play a fundamental role in the regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway, inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through activation of the GTPase activity of Rheb. Mutations in TSC1/2 genes impair the inhibitory function of the hamartin/tuberin complex, leading to phosphorylation of the downstream effectors of mTOR, p70 S6 kinase (S6K), ribosomal protein S6 and the elongation factor binding protein 4E-BP1, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth and tumourigenesis. Despite recent promising genetic, diagnostic, and therapeutic advances in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, continuing research in all aspects of this complex disease will be pivotal to decrease its associated morbidity and mortality. In this review we will discuss and analyse all the important findings in the molecular pathogenesis of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, focusing on genetics and the molecular mechanisms that define this multisystemic disorder.
Achievement Motivation: a cross‐cultural comparison of British and Chinese students

Abstract This study investigated age, sex and cultural differences in achievement motivation. Subjects were a total of 764 male and female British high school and Chinese students aged 13‐55. The thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was administered to measure need for achievement (nAch). Results revealed that Chinese high school students had significantly higher nAch scores than their British counterparts. They also had significantly higher scores than the two older groups of Chinese students. Female subjects of both cultures had higher scores than males, although this difference was significant for British female subjects only. The results were discussed in terms of sociocultural and situational factors.
Interpersonal influences and educational aspirations in 12 countries: The importance of institutional context:

Research in the United States has found that peers and parents play an important role in shaping students' educational aspirations. Little research has examined the extent to which these findings apply in other countries or whether the role of significant others varies according to the organization of national educational systems. This article examines the effects of peers' and parents' attitudes regarding academic performance on students' educational aspirations in 12 countries. The results indicate that peers and parents influence educational aspirations in countries with relatively undifferentiated secondary schooling, like the United States, while the influence of significant others is negligible in societies with more differentiated secondary education. In these latter systems, it appears that aspirations are largely determined by the type of school the student attends; there is little room for interpersonal effects. The effects of significant others on students' aspirations depend, in large part, on the structural features of the educational systems in which they operate
A Method Suitable for Vicarious Calibration of a UAV Hyperspectral Remote Sensor

A sensor aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is vulnerable to vibration and natural conditions such as erratic winds. Considering the difference between laboratory and vicarious environments of calibration, a vicarious calibration is closer to the real environment and is a complement to laboratory calibrations for remote sensors. The existing vicarious calibration of UAVs only uses a reflectance-based method, rather than irradiance-based method. Therefore, the error caused by aerosol-type assumptions, which is the largest uncertainty for reflectance-based method, is not considered sufficiently during vicarious calibration of UAVs. Considering the difference in the upward radiative transfer path between satellites and UAVs, we propose an improved irradiance-based method. A simulation experiment was designed to compare the relative differences between two aerosol types under different aerosol optical thicknesses (AOTs) and heights for both the reflectance-based and the improved methods. Additionally, two field-calibration campaigns, under different weather conditions, were performed to calibrate a Headwall hyperspectral imager payload on a UAV, with the help of calibration tarps and MODTRAN5 radiative transfer code. When weather conditions were unsatisfactory, the total uncertainties of the original and improved methods were c. 5.9%-6.7% and c. 2.3%-3.5%, respectively, and the uncertainties caused by aerosol-type assumption were c. 15.8%-18.7% and c. 3.5%-8.0%, respectively. The results of the simulation and field experiments verified that the improved method has higher accuracy and lower uncertainty and is more suitable for the vicarious calibration of UAV hyperspectral remote sensors.
A Latent Variable Approach to Determining the Structure of Executive Function in Preschool Children

The composition of executive function (EF) in preschool children was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A sample of 129 children between 3 and 5 years of age completed a battery of EF tasks. Using performance indicators of working memory and inhibition similar to previous CFA studies with preschoolers, we replicated a unitary EF factor structure. Next, additional performance indicators were included to distinctly measure working memory, set shifting, and inhibition factors. A two-factor model consisting of working memory and inhibition fit the data better than both a single-factor model and a three-factor model. Findings suggest that the structure of EF in preschoolers that emerges from CFA is influenced by task and performance indicator selection.