Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sympathetic and Hemodynamic Effects of Moderate and Deep Sedation with Propofol in Humans

Background:The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in the hypotension associated with sedative doses of propofol in humans. Methods:Ten healthy volunteers (aged 21–37 yr) participated on two occasions and in random order received placebo or propofol infusions. Standard monitoring and radial artery blood pressure were combined with measurement of forearm blood flow (plethysmography) and derivation of forearm vascular resistance, recording of peroneal nerve sympathetic activity, and blood sampling for norepinephrine concentrations. A computer-controlled infusion pump delivered placebo or two concentrations of propofol, adjusted to achieve moderate and deep sedation based on the Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score (responsiveness component) of 4 and 3. Level of sedation was quantitated using bispectral analysis of the electroencephalogram. Baroreflexes were assessed with a hypotensive challenge via administration of sodium nitroprusside. Results:Baseline neurocirculatory and respiratory parameters did not differ between sessions. Progressive infusions to achieve moderate and deep sedation resulted in average Bispectral Index values of 70 and 54, respectively. Propofol significantly reduced sympathetic nerve activity at both levels of sedation and decreased norepinephrine and forearm vascular resistance at deep sedation. These effects resulted in significant decreases in mean blood pressure of 9% and 18% at moderate and deep sedation, respectively. Propofol also reduced reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity. Conclusions:These data from healthy subjects indicate that sedation doses of propofol, which did not compromise respiratory function, had substantial inhibitory effects on sympathetic nerve activity and reflex responses to hypotension resulting in vasodilation and significant decreases in mean blood pressure.
Interleaving set temporal logic

A new temporal logic and interpretation are suggested which have features from linear temporal logic, branching time temporal logic, and partial order temporal logic. The new logic can describe properties essential to the specification and correctness proofs of distributed algorithms such as those for global snapshots. It is also appropriate for the justification of proof rules and ascribing temporal semantics to properties such as layering of a program. These properties cannot be described with existing temporal logics. The semantic model of the logic is based on a collection of sets of interleaving sequences which reflect partial orders from the underlying semantics of the computational model. For the common partial order derived from sequentiality in execution of each process, the logic will distinguish between nondeterminism due to the parallel execution and nondeterminism due to local nondeterministic choices. The difference in expressive power is thus qualitative, and not merely due to the presence or absence of a particular temporal operator. In the logic, theorems are proven which clarify when it is possible to establish a property P for some of the interleaving computations, and yet conclude the truth of P for every interleaving.
Optimal design and comparative analysis of a novel microgripper based on matrix method

In this paper, a kind of novel microgripper is designed and analyzed, which has two degrees of freedom in the x and y directions. The clamping action of the microgripper in the x direction is completed, however, when anything is clamped by the end-effector, it can be completely driven by an actuator generated in y direction. The kinematics and dynamics models of the gripper are established, which are based on matrix method and Lagrange method respectively, then the structure optimization for the mechanism can be conducted by using the Boltzmann machine algorithm based on simulated annealing, which can obtain the global optimum of the output displacement. Finally, the optimized architecture is validated by adopting finite element analysis(FEA), and the errors of FEA and matrix method are less than 8.5%.
A stochastic dynamics viewpoint of some neuron models

This paper is an overview of some recent work on stochastic neuron models. As a probabilist, my approach is to first try to understand the dynamics of the neuron model and then ask what are the important ways in which the natural stochastic nature of real neurons will interact with the dynamics to produce some aspect of the input-output relation observed in experiments. My primary interest has been in the leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) and the stochastic Morris-Lecar (ML) neuron models.
Macroeconomic and Redistributional Effects of Consumption Taxes in the USA

This paper studies the effect of an increase in consumption taxes using a dynamic general equilibrium model of overlapping generations calibrated to the US economy. When the proceeds are used to reduce income taxes, the reform raises the aggregate capital and labour supply in the long run. Workers increase labour supply immediately in response to the reform, while consumption rises only gradually. The tax reform also transfers wealth from old consumers to young consumers. As a result, while future generations experience significant welfare gains, current generations, particularly old consumers, tend to experience sizable welfare losses. When the proceeds are used for a lump-sum transfer, the aggregate capital and labour both decrease in the long run. This reform is welfare-improving for the current low-income households.
TRANSACTION PRICES WHEN INSIDERS TRADE PORTFOLIOS

Statistical properties of transaction prices are investigated in the context of a multi-asset extension of Kyle [1985]. Under the restriction that market makers cannot condition prices on volume in other markets, Kyle's model is shown to be consistent with well-documented lack of predictability of individual asset prices, positive autocorrelation of index returns, and low cross-sectional covariance. The covariance estimator of Cohen, e.a. [1983] provides the right estimates of the "true" covariance. However, Kyle's model cannot explain the asymmetry and rank deficiency of the matrix of first-order autocovariances. Asymmetry obtains when the insider limits his strategies to trading a set of pre-determined portfolios. If these portfolios are well-diversified, the matrix of first-order autocovariances is asymptotically rank-deficient. If the insider uses only one portfolio (as when "timing the market"), its asymptotic rank equals one, conform to the empirical results in Gibbons and Ferson [1985].
AIR - A Framework for Exploiting Redundancies in Service-Based Applications

Redundancy is a fundamental property of most complex systems that makes them more resilient and productive. Instead of relying on a single solution to a problem, multiple solutions are feasible, each solution with its specific resource requirements and cost/quality tradeoffs. This paper targets service-based applications that consist of webs of collaborating services, where productivity, resilience, and energy consumption are crucial. Examples of such applications include mission software for autonomous robots (drones) and service-based smart
MEOW: Model-based design of an energy-optimized protocol stack for wireless sensor networks

The MEOW model-based design of an energy-optimized protocol stack addresses energy-aware functional design, optimization, simulation and code generation for WSNs. The goal is to satisfy functional and performance requirements, while maximizing battery lifetime. MEOW has been developed using the Matlab and Stateflow tools, which can be used in a modelbased design environment to provide opportunities for co-design of the application and of the parameters of the communication stack, and then to generate code automatically for a variety of simulation and implementation platforms. MEOW allows the designer, who may not be a telecommunication protocol specialist, but is an expert of the final application domain (e.g. building automation, industrial automation, etc.), to optimize energy consumption at each network layer. It also includes cross-layer optimizations, which provide even more reduction of energy consumption and improve sharing of resources. For the Physical layer, we provide a method to optimize at design time and control at runtime the transmission power depending on the channel quality. For the MAC layer, we developed the PE-MAC algorithm, which uses asynchronous scheduling for the sleep time and optimizes the backoff delay, minimum backoff exponential and transmitted power. For the network layer, we optimize at design time, using closed form equations, and at runtime, using channel quality estimations, the number of nodes and hops to transmit packets across a given distance. We also discuss dynamic network routing approaches, which optimize battery lifetime with a limited overhead.
The Gulf : challenges of the future

Over the last few centuries, the Arab states of the Gulf and Iran have played roles of great strategic and economic significance: whether as a hub of world trade or as major suppliers of the world's energy. However since 2001, the region - in common with much of the Islamic world - has been the focus of negative sentiment and scrutiny as a potential battleground in the international war against terrorism. More recently, the Gulf states have been exposed to new difficulties in the unfolding aftermath to the war in Iraq. Against this disturbing backdrop, the region is striving to face these new and diverse challenges: the deteriorating security environment, the sweeping effects of globalization, the diversification of oil-dependent economies, the transition to knowledge-based economies, burgeoning population levels, rising demand for job creation, externally induced reform pressures and widening political participation. Influential policy makers, regional leaders, scholars, economists and security analysts here offer the first major response to the challenges since the Iraq war. The resulting analyses offer fresh insight into shifting security parameters, the redefining of government responsibilities, the initiation of political and social change, the evolution of media roles, and the expansion of opportunities for women. The book also presents important new assessments of the security situations in Iraq and Iran, and early developments in security co-operation and economic integration in the region.
Formalising mathematics in UTT: fundamentals and case studies

We give a detailed account of the use of type theory as a foundational language to formalise mathematics. We develop in the type system UTT a coherent approach to naive set theory and elementary mathematical notions. In the second part of the paper, we present a fully-checked example based on our representation of naive set theory.
Low Voltage High Performance High Swing Cascode Current Mirror

A new very high performance low voltage cascode current mirror (CM) circuit is proposed in this work. The CM utilizes the low supply voltage and low input resistance characteristics of a cascode CM. In this CM, cascode configuration is used to obtain a wide operating current range and resistance compensation technique is incorporated to increase the operating bandwidth. The peaking in frequency response is reduced by use of an additional large MOSFET. The proposed CM is simulated by Cadence Analog Design Environment using UMC 90 nm CMOS technology. In the proposed CM a bandwidth of 570 MHz, the 1% settling time of 20 ns, input and output resistances of 25.41 Ω and 770.2 MΩ respectively are obtained with a single supply voltage of 1V.
Evaluating the LEGO--RoboLab interface with experts

This work presents the results from a joint usability study concerning the LEGO programming environment "RoboLab". LEGO has already performed numerous evaluations on various usability aspects, aimed to enhance the overall usability and utility of the product. This study focuses on a more academic parameter; namely, the combination of different evaluation methods on the same software piece, as well as on their combined results. Therefore, two expert-based methods have been applied at the Department of Informatics of Aristotle University: a cognitive graphical walkthrough and a heuristic evaluation. The results of the study unveiled some deficiencies of the interface and some limitations of the employed methods as well.
Monetary Variability: United States and Japan

Many economists have criticized the Federal Reserve because of the high variability of monetary growth in the United States since the change in operating procedures on October 6, 1979. Chairman Paul Volcker has responded to this criticism in congressional testimony (November 19, 1980) and in a letter to Senator Garn (February 18, 1982) by asserting that "international comparisons. all appear to demonstrate the same point: U.S. monetary aggregates rank at or near the top of the league in terms of low variability," and this is true "even allowing for the technical difficulties involved in making such international comparisons. "
A unique design of Photonic Crystal Fibers for negative dispersion and high birefringence

In this paper we propose some new geometries of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF). These new geometries are derived from the design of antenna of different geometry . We have used the concept of C-shaped, L-shaped, E-shaped and H-shaped antenna for designing the PCF. At a wavelength of 0.85 μm the C-shaped PCF structure report the most negative dispersion and almost zero otherwise. The birefringence of H-shaped PCF structure is high compare to that of other proposed PCF structure. The confinement Loss reported is of the order of 10-3 for all the proposed PCF structures. The confinement factor was reported to be maximum for all the proposed structures other than proposed C-shaped PCF structure. The far field pattern (FFP) is observed of elliptical shape for H-shaped and L-shaped PCF structure whereas it is of circular shape for C-shaped and E-shaped PCF structure.
A review of Curcumin in reference to its use in oral diseases

Turmeric has been in use for thousands of years as a dye, flavouring and a medicinal herb. Ancient Indian medicine has touted turmeric as an herb with the ability to provide glow and lustre to the skin as well as vigour and vitality to the entire body. Since turmeric has antimicrobial, antioxidant, astringents and other useful properties, it is quite useful in dentistry also. Curcumin, the most active polyphenolic constituent, is the active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric and is obtained from the rhizome Curcuma longa with a range of beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin derive from its complex chemistry as well as its ability to influence multiple signalling pathways. The objective of this article is to highlight various uses of turmeric in the dental field.
Learning and the structure of citation networks

The distribution of citations received by scientific publications can be approximated by a power law, a finding that has been explained by “cumulative advantage”. This paper argues that socially embedded learning is a plausible mechanism behind this cumulative advantage. A model assuming that scientists face a time trade-off between learning and writing papers, that they learn the papers known by their peers, and that they cite papers they know, generates a power law distribution of popularity, and a shifted power law for the distribution of citations received. The two distributions flatten if there is relatively more learning. The predicted exponent for the distribution of citations is independent of the average in-(or out-) degree, contrary to an untested prediction of the reference model (Price, 1976). Using publicly available citation networks, an estimate of the share of time devoted to learning (against producing) is given around two thirds.
Traffic Analytics using Probabilistic Graphical Models Enhanced with Knowledge Bases

Graphical models have been successfully used to deal with uncertainty, incompleteness, and dynamism within many domains. These models built from data often ignore preexisting declarative knowledge about the domain in the form of ontologies and Linked Open Data (LOD) that is increasingly available on the web. In this paper, we present an approach to leverage such “top-down” domain knowledge to enhance “bottom-up” building of graphical models. Specifically, we propose three operations on the graphical model structure to enrich it with nodes, edges, and edge directions. We illustrate the enrichment process using traffic data from 511.org and declarative knowledge from ConceptNet. The resulting enriched graphical model can potentially lead to better predictions of traffic delays.
The Hyades stream: an evaporated cluster or an intrusion from the inner disk?

The nature of the Hyades stream, or Hyades moving group, is a long-standing question of Galactic Astronomy. While it has become widely recognized that the Hercules stream, an unbound group of stars lagging behind galactic rotation and moving outward in the galactic disk, is associated with the outer Lindblad resonance of the rotating galactic bar, there is still some debate about the nature of the more prominent low-velocity stream sharing the kinematics of the Hyades open cluster. Is this stream caused by additional non-axisymmetric perturbations of the galactic potential, such as transient or quasi-stationary spiral waves, or by the on-going evaporation of the Hyades cluster? Here, a simple observational test has been designed to determine whether the Hyades stream is primarily composed of coeval stars originating from the Hyades cluster, or of field stars. Using the Geneva-Copenhagen survey of F and G dwarfs, we compare the mass distribution and metallicity of the stream to those of field disk stars. If the Hyades stream is composed of stars trapped at resonance, its mass distribution should obey the present-day mass function (PDMF) of the disk, and its metallicity should reflect its origin in the inner regions of the Galaxy. On the other hand, if it is an evaporated cluster, we expect a different mass distribution, depending on the inital mass function (IMF) of the cluster, and on the proportion of evaporated stars as a function of mass. We find that extreme conditions have to be adopted for the selective evaporation and IMF of the cluster to make the observed mass distribution of the stream only roughly consistent (at a one-sigma level) with the coeval evaporated cluster scenario. The observed mass distribution is in much better agreement with the PDMF of the field. The peculiar metallicity of the stream is inconsistent with that of a field population from the solar neighbourhood trapped in the primordial cluster during its formation process and subsequently evaporated. These observations thus favour a resonant origin for the Hyades stream. © ESO 2007.
Classification of positive and negative emotion evoked by traffic jam based on electrocardiogram (ECG) and Pulse wave

Measuring emotion usually involves use of questionnaires. However, a questionnaire method is unable to measure emotion in real time as questionnaires are executed after the experiments. Besides, the resolution time of the emotion rating is low. Therefore, we proposed a novel method of measuring emotion in real time and to classify the negative emotion evoked by irritation of traffic jam and Positive emotion evoked when traffic jam disappeared by using bio-signals (electrocardiogram and Pulse wave). We reproduced a situation where traffic jam occurs using a Driving simulator (DS), and we measured bio-signals when subjects drive in it. Measured data were classified using Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in two states of any three following situations: (Positive or no evoked emotion, Negative or no evoked emotion, Positive or Negative emotion). As a result of classification based on bio-signals, two states of three situations got high classification capability. We also indicated possibility for classification of two states.
DENSITY BASED TOPOLOGY CONTROL FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

The design of an efficient and effective protocol for topology control in mobile ad hoc networks is a challenging task. In this paper, we present a brief review of protocols reported in the literature and propose a protocol for topology control in mobile ad hoc networks. Our protocol relys on leader election and density based clustering. A problem that may occur in cluster based topology control is usually known as alien-soldier-node problem. We discuss a framework for avoiding aleinsoldier-node problem.
Managing Knowledge to Enhance Learning

The article first summarizes reasons why current approaches supporting Open Learning and Distance Education need to be complemented by tools permitting lecturers, researchers and students to cooperatively organize the semantic content of Learning related materials (courses, discussions, etc.) into a fine-grained shared semantic network. This first part of the article also quickly describes the approach adopted to permit such a collaborative work. Then, examples of such semantic networks are presented. Finally, an evaluation of the approach by students is provided and analyzed.
Myriad: parallel data generation on shared-nothing architectures

The need for efficient data generation for the purposes of testing and benchmarking newly developed massively-parallel data processing systems has increased with the emergence of Big Data problems. As synthetic data model specifications evolve over time, the data generator programs implementing these models have to be adapted continuously -- a task that often becomes more tedious as the set of model constraints grows. In this paper we present Myriad - a new parallel data generation toolkit. Data generators created with the toolkit can quickly produce very large datasets in a shared-nothing parallel execution environment, while at the same time preserve with cross-partition dependencies, correlations and distributions in the generated data. In addition, we report on our efforts towards a benchmark suite for large-scale parallel analysis systems that uses Myriad for the generation of OLAP-style relational datasets.
The European clothing industry

This paper examines earlier and more recent patterns of restructuring that have occurred as a consequence of import penetration. It focuses upon work reorganization, job losses and changes in the retail‐manufacturer relationships and how these trends differ in key European countries. Finally, it asks questions about future trends, both in employment (and the changing nature of jobs) as well as government policies towards the politics of trade.
Low-Complexity Matrix Reconstruction-Based Method for Direction Estimation of Coherent Signals

A novel direction finding method called Toeplitz matrix reconstruction-based orthonormal propagator method (TMR-OPM) is proposed for narrowband coherent signals impinging on a uniform linear array (ULA). In the proposed method, the coherency of incident signals is firstly decor related through reconstructing a Hermitian Toeplitz matrix formed from fourth-order cumulants (FOC). And in Gaussian noise case, it is proved theoretically that the rank of this Toeplitz matrix is determined merely by the number of incident sources and has no relations with the coherency of the signals. Finally, the coherent signals can be resolved by performing the orthonormal propagator method (OPM). Without spectrum-peak searching and eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the Toeplitz matrix, the presented method can provide significantly lower computational complexity and yield good estimation performance. The theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.