Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphology-based Features for Adaptive Mitosis Detection of In Vitro Stem Cell Tracking Data

Summary Objectives: The cultivation of adherently growing cell populations is a major task in the field of adult stem cell production used for drug discovery and in the field of regenerative medicine. To assess the quality of a cell population, a crucial event is the mitotic cell division: the precise knowledge of these events enables the reconstruction of lineages and accurate proliferation curves as well as a detailed analysis of cell cycles. To serve in an autonomous cell farming framework, such a detector requires to work reliably and unsupervised. Methods: We introduce a mitosis detector that is using a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator based on morphological cell features (cell area, brightness, length, compactness). It adapts to the 3 phases of cell growth (lag, log and stationary phase). As a concurrent model, we compared ML with kernel SVMs using linear, quadratic and Gaussian kernel functions. All approaches are evaluated for their ability to distinguish between mitotic and nonmitotic events. The large, publicly available benchmark data CeTReS (reference data set A with > 240,000 segmented cells, > 2,000 mitotic events) is used for this evaluation. Results: The adaptive (unsupervised) ML approach clearly outperforms previously published non-adaptive approaches and the linear SVM. Furthermore, it robustly reaches a performance comparable to quadratic and Gaussian SVM. Conclusions: The proposed simple and label free adaptive variant might be the method of choice when it comes to autonomous cell farming. Hereby, it is essential to have reliable and unsupervised mitosis detection that covers all phases of cell growth.
Symptoms investigation by means of formal concept analysis for enhancing medical diagnoses

Pattern extraction is one of the major topics in Knowledge Discovery. Out of numerous data mining techniques we propose to use a new approach: Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) together with Graph Databases with the implementation Neo4j. FCA is a prominent field of applied mathematics using maximal clusters of object-attribute relationships to discover and represent knowledge structures. The use of FCA gained much importance in many research domains in recent years. Despite the similarity of the graph representation between FCA and Neo4j, the structure and relations among the elements are represented differently and can offer a different perspective on the analysis. This paper gives more insight into how patterns can be extracted from medical data and interpreted by means of FCA and Neo4j in order to help medical staff improve the accuracy of diagnoses. We examine the factors related to patients' symptoms and diagnostics and then compare the results with the ones provided by a medical care center. We apply knowledge discovery techniques and conceptual landscapes paradigm in order to obtain an in-depth and high qualitative knowledge representation of medical data. By making use of the effectiveness and the graphical representation of conceptual hierarchies we extract valuable knowledge from medical data sets through which we solve the knowledge discovery, processing and representation task in Electronic Health Record systems.
Microsatellite Variations of Elite Setaria Varieties Released during Last Six Decades in China

Crop improvement is a multifaceted micro-evolutionary process, involving changes in breeding approaches, planting configurations and consumption preferences of human beings. Recent research has started to identify the specific genes or genomic regions correlate to improved agronomic traits, however, an apparent blank between the genetic structure of crop elite varieties and their improving histories in diverse modern breeding programs is still in existence. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) was one of the earliest cereal crops to be domesticated and served as a staple crop for early civilizations in China, where it is still widely grown today. In the present trial, a panel of foxtail millet elite varieties, which were released in the last sixty years in different geographical regions of China, was characterized using microsatellite markers (SSRs). A clear separation of two subpopulations corresponding to the two eco-geographical regions of foxtail millet production in China was identified by the dataset, which also indicated that in more recently released elite varieties, large quantities of accessions have been transferred from spring-sowing to summer-sowing ecotypes, likely as a result of breeding response to planting configurations. An association mapping study was conducted to identify loci controlling traits of major agronomic interest. Furthermore, selective sweeps involved in improvement of foxtail millet were identified as multi-diverse minor effect loci controlling different agronomic traits during the long-term improvement of elite varieties. Our results highlight the effect of transition of planting configuration and breeding preference on genetic evolvement of crop species.
The Reinfusion of Autogenous Shed Blood After Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Using the Perioperative Autologous Transfusion System OrthoPAT

This study aims to explore the use of postoperative autogenous shed blood reinfusion using Orthopedic Perioperative Autotransfusion System (OrthoPAT) system in treating patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Fifty patients undergoing unilateral TKA were enrolled as the experimental group A and were treated with reinfusion of autologous shed blood within 6 hours after unilateral TKA using OrthoPAT. Accordingly, 50 patients undergoing unilateral TKA were selected as the experimental group B and were treated with allogeneic blood transfusion. Different indexes were observed at different times. Patients in both groups had relatively stable hemodynamics, and there was no postoperative coagulopathy. Prothrombin time, thrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time were lower, and fibrinogen was higher in group A than that in group B 24 hours after surgery (all P < 0.05). White blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit (Hct), and platelet count levels in group A were lower than those in group B 12 hours after surgery (all P < 0.05). The postoperative complications of the 2 groups have significant difference (P < 0.05). Postoperative autogenous shed blood reinfusion using OrthoPAT system in the treatment of patients undergoing unilateral TKA may improve the coagulation function of patients and reduce the rejection caused by standard allogeneic blood transfusion.
Broadband rectangular slot cut modified circular microstrip antenna

Broadband microstrip antenna is more commonly realized by cutting the slot at an appropriate position inside the patch which is fabricated on lower dielectric constant thicker substrate. In this paper, a new 2700 sectoral microstrip antenna is proposed. The 2700 sectoral patch, derived from conventional circular microstrip antenna, has an additional mode below the resonance frequency of fundamental mode of the equivalent circular patch. The variations of sectoral patch, namely, 3000, 3200 and 3400 sectoral microstrip antenna are also discussed. By studying the surface current distributions at first two modes of sectoral patch, a formulation in resonant length / patch radius, is proposed. The frequencies calculated using them closely agrees with the simulated results. Further a rectangular slot cut 2700 sectoral microstrip antenna is proposed. An analysis to study the effects of slot in sectoral patch is presented. The rectangular slot reduces the resonance frequency of second order mode of 2700 sectoral patch and along with its fundamental mode, yields broadband response. The measured and simulated BW of nearly 450 MHz at center frequency of around 1000 MHz is obtained. The proposed broadband antenna shows broadside radiation pattern with gain of more than 6 dBi over the operating bandwidth.
The distribution of early childhood memories

The quantitative distribution of autobiographical memories for the first decade of life is described. The distribution, based on over 11,000 autobiographical memories from age 10 and younger from published studies, is nearly identical for males and females, for participants of different ages, and for different methods of collecting data, including using words to cue memories from anywhere in the lifespan or from just the childhood years, exhaustive listing of all early memories, and interviews.
Life Span Extension by Calorie Restriction Depends on Rim15 and Transcription Factors Downstream of Ras/PKA, Tor, and Sch9

Calorie restriction (CR), the only non-genetic intervention known to slow aging and extend life span in organisms ranging from yeast to mice, has been linked to the down-regulation of Tor, Akt, and Ras signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase Rim15 is required for yeast chronological life span extension caused by deficiencies in Ras2, Tor1, and Sch9, and by calorie restriction. Deletion of stress resistance transcription factors Gis1 and Msn2/4, which are positively regulated by Rim15, also caused a major although not complete reversion of the effect of calorie restriction on life span. The deletion of both RAS2 and the Akt and S6 kinase homolog SCH9 in combination with calorie restriction caused a remarkable 10-fold life span extension, which, surprisingly, was only partially reversed by the lack of Rim15. These results indicate that the Ras/cAMP/PKA/Rim15/Msn2/4 and the Tor/Sch9/Rim15/Gis1 pathways are major mediators of the calorie restriction-dependent stress resistance and life span extension, although additional mediators are involved. Notably, the anti-aging effect caused by the inactivation of both pathways is much more potent than that caused by CR.
Robust Spatial Filtering with Beta Divergence

The efficiency of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) largely depends upon a reliable extraction of informative features from the high-dimensional EEG signal. A crucial step in this protocol is the computation of spatial filters. The Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) algorithm computes filters that maximize the difference in band power between two conditions, thus it is tailored to extract the relevant information in motor imagery experiments. However, CSP is highly sensitive to artifacts in the EEG data, i.e. few outliers may alter the estimate drastically and decrease classification performance. Inspired by concepts from the field of information geometry we propose a novel approach for robustifying CSP. More precisely, we formulate CSP as a divergence maximization problem and utilize the property of a particular type of divergence, namely beta divergence, for robustifying the estimation of spatial filters in the presence of artifacts in the data. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method on toy data and on EEG recordings from 80 subjects.
Studying the Feasibility of Energy Harvesting from Broadcast RF Station for WSN

In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of extracting energy from broadcast RF signals, mainly from TV or radio emissions. This method would avoid the dedicated RF energy suppliers that use some wireless sensor networks, which would be especially useful in ultra-low power stand-alone nodes (outdoor). The energy flow is uninterrupted and a capacitor can be slowly charged by means of a rectifier and voltage multiplier. An average current up to 8 muA has been obtained from a 1.584 MHz amplitude modulated radio signal. Preliminary results indicate that the capacitor could power a pulsed-load with a very low duty cycle.
A high-power wireless charging system development and integration for a Toyota RAV4 electric vehicle

Several wireless charging methods are under development or available as an aftermarket option in the light-duty automotive market. However, there are not many studies detailing the vehicle integrations, particularly a fully integrated vehicle application. This paper presents the development, implementation, and vehicle integration of a high-power (>10 kW) wireless power transfer (WPT)-based electric vehicle (EV) charging system for a Toyota RAV4 vehicle. The power stages of the system are introduced with the design specifications and control systems including the active front-end rectifier with power factor correction (PFC), high frequency power inverter, high frequency isolation transformer, coupling coils, vehicle side full-bridge rectifier and filter, and the vehicle battery. The operating principles of the overall wireless charging system as well as the control system are presented. The physical limitations of the system are also defined that would prevent the system from operating at higher levels. The system performance is shown for two cases including unmatched (interoperable) and matched coils. The experiments are carried out using the integrated vehicle and the results are obtained to demonstrate the system performance including the stage-by-stage efficiencies with matched and interoperable primary and secondary coils.
A layout advisor for timing-critical bus routing

We describe a "topology advisor" for routing of critical (multisource) buses in building-block design. The tool accepts as input a block layout, a two-layer routing cost structure superposed over the block layout, terminal locations for a multi-source bus, and source-sink delay upper bound (linear or Elmore delay) constraints for all terminal pairs. The b best routing solutions (b a user parameter) that satisfy all constraints are returned. Efficient implementations of exhaustive search are used to guarantee optimal results when practical, and otherwise yield fast, high-quality results (if the problem is large or if the constraints are loose). Practical features include: (i) modeling of per-region and per-layer routing costs, (ii) routing to terminals located inside blocks, (iii) optional splitting of k-pin bus routes when the optimal routing passes through narrow channels, and (iv) heuristic speedups based on clustering and sampling.
Necessary Conditions for the Existence of Regular  $p$-Ary Bent Functions

We find some necessary conditions for the existence of regular p-ary bent functions (from Z<sup>n</sup>p to Zp), where p is a prime. In more detail, we show that there is no regular p-ary bent function f in n variables with w(M<sub>f</sub>) larger than n/2, and for a given nonnegative integer k, there is no regular p-ary bent function f in n variables with w(M<sub>f</sub>)=n/2-k ( n+3/2-k, respectively) for an even n ≥ N<sub>p,k</sub> (an odd n ≥ N<sub>p,k</sub>, respectively), where N<sub>p,k</sub> is some positive integer, which is explicitly determined and the w(M<sub>f</sub>) of a p-ary function f is some value related to the power of each monomial of f. For the proof of our main results, we use some properties of regular p-ary bent functions, such as the MacWilliams duality, which is proved to hold for regular p-ary bent functions in this paper.
[CA72-4 and CEA in serum and peritoneal washing in gastric cancer].

BACKGROUND The treatment and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients depends mainly on clinical stage. Serum and peritoneal tumoral markers levels can be helpful to evaluate individual risk for recurrence. AIMS To evaluate the sensibility of the tumoral markers in the serum and in the peritoneal washing on diagnosis of gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach (11 stage I or II and 29 III or IV) and 24 patients with benign diseases were studied prospectively. All of them were submitted to laparotomy. Blood and peritoneal washed was collected during surgery before tumoral resection, for determination of CEA and CA72-4. RESULTS CEA and CA 72-4 serum levels were elevated in 25% and 47.5% respectively. Through the curves ROC, we defined the cut-off values for the markers in washed peritoneal fluid. Through these values CEA and CA72-4 rose in 60% and 57.5% respectively. The values of CEA and of CA 72-4 in the serum and in washed peritoneal fluid were higher in cancer patients stage III and IV. CEA levels in the peritoneal washed fluid were higher in the patients with tumor T3-4. Washed peritoneal CA72-4 differed the control group from the cancer group. CONCLUSION CA72-4 was the most sensitive marker in the serum of the patients with gastric cancer. Otherwise in the washing peritoneal fluid the most sensitive marker was CEA. These levels were higher in patients with surpass the serosa and lower in patients with mucosa or muscular tumors.
Abnormal development of vertebrae in paralyzed chick embryos

Ventral bars, cartilaginous projections from the ventral aspect of the synsacrum that contact and form a joint with the ilium, were found in all normal chick embryos of age E9 and older. Bars were absent in a number of embryos which had been paralyzed from age E4 by the use of the acetylcholine receptor blocker α‐bungarotoxin. They were also absent in some embryos that had been paralyzed between ages E4 and E10 but allowed to move thereafter. The bars, already formed, remained present in a third group of embryos in which paralysis was initiated at age E10. Apparently, normal embryonic movements induce the formation of bars. In support of this conclusion is the observation that two of three embryos which had had their hindlimb buds amputated at age E3 lacked bars. In these embryos with amputations, the ilium was present at least in part, but the forces exerted on the region where the bars develop would have been greatly reduced because of the lack of hind limb musculature. It is concluded that the bars, which form part of the iliosynsacral joint, are induced epigenetically by normal embryonic movements.
Infinite Graphs with Finite 2-Distinguishing Cost

A graph $G$ is said to be 2-distinguishable if there is a labeling of the vertices with two labels such that only the trivial automorphism preserves the labels. Call the minimum size of a label class in such a labeling of $G$ the cost of 2-distinguishing $G$. We show that the connected, locally finite, infinite graphs with finite 2-distinguishing cost are exactly the graphs with countable automorphism group. Further we show that in such graphs the cost is less than three times the size of a smallest determining set. We also another, sharper bound on the 2-distinguishing cost, in particular for graphs of linear growth.
Generating logic-based representations for programs

Modern software engineering has come to a point where it deals with quite large and complex software artifacts. Labor-intensive activities such as code analysis and code transformation are becoming less and less tractable on such enormous software systems unless a certain level of automatization is provided. Since automatic approaches of code analysis and code transformation strongly rely on software models instead of actual software systems, the software modeling process is of vital interest to a great deal of researchers in the software engineering community. However, the main drawback of most of the software modeling tools available is the fact that they are aimed at software systems written in a certain programming language. This article introduces ProGen, a software tool capable of modeling software systems written in any language for which a plain JAVACC grammar is available, also describing its advantages and limitations.
ON THE ALLEGED INADEQUACY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS

Philosophers and other researchers interested in race have often ignored the explanations of racism developed by psychologists (for some recent exceptions, see Glasgow 2009; Blum forthcoming). We have argued elsewhere that this disregard of psychology has impoverished the arguments and considerations philosophers have relied upon (Faucher and Machery 2009; Kelly et al. in press). However, not everyone agrees with our assessment: Other researchers dismiss psychology from philosophical discussions about race, explicitly claiming that psychological explanations are doomed to inadequacy or worse, given the agendas of those concerned with race and racism. Our goal in this article is to examine and rebut some of the most important arguments in support of this cluster of claims. We will mainly discuss sociologist David Wellman’s (2007) work. We focus on Wellman’s arguments because contrary to other philosophers or social scientists, many of whom simply toss psychology aside as irrelevant or naive, he engages with, and is admirably explicit about what he sees as the shortcomings of, psychological explanations of racism. Accordingly, Section 1 will review Wellman’s claims and arguments against psychological explanations of racism. Each remaining section, then, focuses on one claim in turn, and lays out our reasons for rejecting it. In Section 2, we focus on the claim that psychology is badly equipped to explain important instances of racism; in response, we illustrate how many other important instances of racism are best explained by appeal to psychological causes (independently from or in conjunction with social causes). In Section 3, we examine the worry that psychological explanations of racism are detrimental to attempts to deal with racism through social action, either because they depict racism as inevitable, or construe it as a completely individualistic problem (rather than a social or political
Sandglass Model of Next Generation Internet Data Transport Protocol

With the rapid development of Internet applications and the fast increasing number of users, NGI (next generation Internet) becomes an infrastructure, which not only aims to support various information services, but also can sustain the information of politics, economy, culture, education, national defense and science research of every country. The traditional network architecture layered only by the basic communication functions can create barriers rather than stimulants to its further development. This paper analyzes the problems and challenges of the classic Internet data transport protocol model, explicit the important features that NGI of vitality model possess under the current tussle’s environment, proposed an sandglass model of next generation Internet data transport protocol. At the same time, the whole structure and the functions of each layer of model are described in detail. So it establishes the fundament of theory for further research and development the NGI in the future.
How .NET's custom attributes affect design

In its first release of the . NET Framework, Microsoft has provided a defined method for adding declarative information (metadata) to runtime entities in the platform. These entities include classes, methods, properties, and instance or class variables. Using . NET, you can also add declarative information to the assembly, which is a unit of deployment that is conceptually similar to a . dll or . exe file. An assembly includes attributes that describe its identity (name, version, and culture), informational attributes that provide additional product or company information, manifest attributes that describe configuration information, and strong name attributes that describe whether the assembly is signed using public key encryption. The program can retrieve this metadata at runtime to control how the program interacts with services such as serialization and security. We compare design decisions made using custom attributes in . NET with the Java platform.