Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clouds Handling for Planning of Optical Space Missions

Every space mission which uses optical band, e.g. ground-satellite/satellite-ground laser telecommunication, optical earth observation, on-ground optical space debris tracking system, is drastically affected by the clouds in the troposphere of the Earth. Mission planning group (MPS) of the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) is investigating the possibility to achieve the maximum performance of future optical space missions. Planning of an optical space mission should be fulfilled by involving the cloud coverage data. Short-term predicted future data are helpful for operational planning of an on-ground station and the relevant satellite. Long-term past data can be used to design a optimal network of on-ground stations and to assess the performance of the whole mission. Such data is distributed by DWD (Germany), ECMWF (UK), NOAA (USA), Weatheroffice (Canada) in the GRIB standard format. During the preliminary investigation data from ECMWF for the past period between 01.01. 1992 and 31.12. 1996 and some forecasted data for future periods from NOAA were used. Several methods of time-interpolation of the cloud coverage data were compared with and without using wind information and at least two criteria of on-ground stations network designing were applied. As a result a software tool was developed which takes GRIB files, orbit of the mission-satellite and some design restrictions as input and calculate an optimal list of on-ground stations with their coordinates and assessed performance. The performance is expressed in time during which a cloudless link can be established between an on-ground station and the satellite. The results of the work can be compared with some similar research, e.g. [1], [2]. [1] Kenta Ogawa et al., Usage of Cloud Climate Data in Operation Planning for Japanese Future Hyperspectral and Multispectral Senor: HISUI, GFZ Meeting, 23.09. 2011 [2] C. Fuchs et al., Verification of Ground Station Diversity for Direct Optical TTC-downlinks from LEO Satellites by Means of an Experimental Laser-source, 5th ESA International Workshop on Tracking, Telemetry and Command Systems for Space Applications, 21 – 23 September 2010.
Eastward propagating surface anomalies at ocean gyre boundaries

[1] Inspection of animations and time-distance (Hovmoller) plots of unfiltered data from a state-of-the-art coupled climate model (HadCM3) reveals eastward propagating surface temperature-salinity anomalies at subpolar/subtropical gyre boundaries throughout the world ocean. Maximum anomalies are ∼4°C and ∼0.3 practical salinity units. Horizontal length scales are ∼1000 km. The anomalies travel at a speed consistent with advection by mean near-surface currents. Generation regions are located at western boundaries and possess an order of magnitude higher variability than all other regions. In some cases, surface heat fluxes are shown to cause anomaly generation; in other cases, surface current anomalies are likely to be responsible. Eastward anomaly propagation also occurs in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean model. The coarser resolution Fast Ocean Rapid Troposphere Experiment (FORTE) coupled model shows no propagating anomalies. Sea surface anomalies in the instrumental record are investigated, using ship-based sea surface temperature (SST) and heat fluxes, and satellite SST and altimetry. Unlike the models, Hovmoller plots and animations of the unfiltered observational data showed no evidence of eastward propagation. By applying a decadal-timescale band-pass filter to the SST time series, we identify underlying propagation of basin-scale anomalies in both HadCM3 and observations. Maximum anomalies are ∼1°C and length scales are ∼2500 km. These anomalies travel at speeds significantly slower than mean near-surface currents. Ten anomalies are identified during the period 1870–2002, mostly in the eastern Atlantic basin (east of 45°W). HadCM3 displayed only one propagating anomaly of this type in a typical 100 years of data. We discuss possible reasons for the range of results in models and observations.
Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving pathogenesis, multimodal diagnostics, and principles of treatment

Amyloidosis is a protein deposition disorder in which insoluble fibril structures accumulate in the bodily tissues damaging the organ function. Cardiac amyloidosis is a severe but under-reported medical condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in the extracellular area of the myocardium, which results in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls. Cardiac amyloidosis has recently gained much attention with its slowly surging incidence. With this study, we seek to comprehensively compile the pathophysiology and clinical picture of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, extending a clinically oriented, up-to-date clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Cardiac amyloidosis can be caused by rare genetic mutations which may be inherited or acquired. The growing incidence can be attributed to advancements in imaging methods and other diagnostic modalities. Most occurrences of cardiac amyloidosis result from two forms of precursor protein: transthyretin [TTR] amyloid and immunoglobulin-derived light-chain amyloid. Prompt identification of cardiac amyloidosis can facilitate the implementation of evolving therapeutic interventions to enhance the outcomes. The modalities for the management of CA have evolved significantly in the last ten years. Apart from therapies for modifying disease and heart failure, a myriad of novel therapeutic approaches that target specific aspects of the disease, including gene therapies, are being researched. These aim at impeding its progression and improving clinical outcomes. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
Investigating the Effects of Selective Information Presentation in Intensive Care Units Using Virtual Reality

Medical personnel working in intensive care units (ICUs) are continuously exposed to a multitude of alarms emanating from various monitoring devices, such as cardiac monitors, ventilators, or infusion pumps. The sheer volume of alarms, coupled with high false positive rates, can lead to alarm fatigue. This phenomenon compromises patient safety and places an additional burden on nurses who must diligently prioritize and respond to alarms in the highly dynamic environment. While the testing of stress-reducing strategies in a real ICU is challenging, virtual reality (VR) represents a powerful tool and methodology to simulate an ICU environment and test optimization scenarios for alarm display strategies. For example, redistributing alarms to responsible individuals (personalized information presentation) has been proposed as a solution, but testing in real ICU environments is not applicable due to critical patient safety. In this paper, we present a VR simulation of an ICU to simulate comparable stress situations, as well as to assess the impact of a selective and personalized alarm representation strategy in an evaluation study in two conditions. A stress condition mirrors the current ubiquitous audible alarm distribution in most ICUs, where alarms are heard non-patient-specific throughout the ward. In an experimental condition, alarms are filtered patient-specific to reduce information overload and noise pollution. Our user study with medical personnel and novices shows that stress levels can be simulated with our system as indicated by physiological responses. Further, we show that the perceived task load can be reduced with selective information presentation. We discuss the potential benefits of ICU simulations as a methodology and personalized alarm distribution as a first potential strategy for future technologies in ICUs.
Lessons from assembling a microbial natural product and pre-fractionated extract library in an academic laboratory

Abstract Microbial natural products are specialized metabolites that are sources of many bioactive compounds including antibiotics, antifungals, antiparasitics, anticancer agents, and probes of biology. The assembly of libraries of producers of natural products has traditionally been the province of the pharmaceutical industry. This sector has gathered significant historical collections of bacteria and fungi to identify new drug leads with outstanding outcomes—upwards of 60% of drug scaffolds originate from such libraries. Despite this success, the repeated rediscovery of known compounds and the resultant diminishing chemical novelty contributed to a pivot from this source of bioactive compounds toward more tractable synthetic compounds in the drug industry. The advent of advanced mass spectrometry tools, along with rapid whole genome sequencing and in silico identification of biosynthetic gene clusters that encode the machinery necessary for the synthesis of specialized metabolites, offers the opportunity to revisit microbial natural product libraries with renewed vigor. Assembling a suitable library of microbes and extracts for screening requires the investment of resources and the development of methods that have customarily been the proprietary purview of large pharmaceutical companies. Here, we report a perspective on our efforts to assemble a library of natural product-producing microbes and the establishment of methods to extract and fractionate bioactive compounds using resources available to most academic labs. We validate the library and approach through a series of screens for antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. This work serves as a blueprint for establishing libraries of microbial natural product producers and bioactive extract fractions suitable for screens of bioactive compounds. One-Sentence Summary Natural products are key to discovery of novel antimicrobial agents: Here, we describe our experience and lessons learned in constructing a microbial natural product and pre-fractionated extract library.
Classified Forecasting of Electricity Purchased by Agent Based on Risk Transfer Chains

Since November 2021, electricity supply companies (ESCs) in China have successively launched the electricity purchasing delegation service. However, quotation of electricity (QoE) to be purchased is quite difficult due to instability of the principals. This paper proposes a QoE forecasting method for the ESCs as electricity purchasing agents. A user portrait method is first provided to grasp the main factors influencing the consumption of the various principals. The principals are then classified by the factors, and adaptive risk transfer chain models are established for forecasting consumption of the individuals, the summation of which finally concludes the QoE. Case studies on an area in Shanghai show that the presented method achieves higher accuracy than traditional forecasting methods.
CONSTRUCTING REGIONAL WORLDS IN EXPERIENCE: KULA EXCHANGE, WITCHCRAFT

Focusing on certain cultural practices in which spatiotemporaliy distanced events become meaning honzons of an actor's immediate situation or 'present', this article uses a single case to explore some aspects of the construction of a regional, lived world. The case denves from an inter-island kula transaction in the northeast Massim region of Papua New Guinea, and shows how, through witchcraft assumptions, Gawans incorporated this event into later local Gawan events and relations, vanously infusing the latter with translocal meanings. In analysing some of the ways in which events were brought into connexion (and renewed connexion) with each other over a six-year penod, I suggest a particular theoretical framework for viewing such micro-histoncal, symbolic processes.
ＥＰＭＡによる多種類の希土類元素を含む鉱物の定量分析;ＥＰＭＡによる多種類の希土類元素を含む鉱物の定量分析;Quantitative Electron-Probe Microanalysis of Various Kinds of Rare-Earth Elements in Minerals.

Electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA) of the wavelength-dispersive (WD) type offers some advantage in each quantitative analysis of various kind of rare-earth elements in minerals with their high concentrations. Close observation on WD spectra of REE in minerals leads to a skillful selection including the favorable conditions: a suitable choice of background measurement positions, 25kV (accelerating voltage), LW crystal, the beam size of 20μm, emission current of lx10t8A, and the ZAF corrections. This accelerating voltage is indispensable in quantitatively analyzing various kinds of REE in minerals. As tested on thortveitite, the present EPMA has proved to be correct for REE-pyrosilicates.
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe suppresses tumorigenesis and induces G1-phase cell-cycle arrest by activating PPARγ signaling pathway in bladder cancer

Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the most important characteristics of tumors. Bladder cancer (BLCA) cells contain higher levels of cholesterol content compared to normal cells, and acyl-coenzyme A (CoA): cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) plays a crucial role in the esterification of cholesterol. Avasimibe is a drug that has been used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, and it can effectively inhibit ACAT1. We observed that ACAT1 was significantly up-regulated in BLCA and positively correlated with tumor grade. By avasimibe administration, the proliferation and migration ability of BLCA cells were reduced, while the production of ROS was strongly increased, accompanied by the up-regulated expression of ROS metabolism-related proteins SOD2 and catalase. Furthermore, BLCA cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins (CCNA1/2, CCND1, CDK2 and CDK4), while the PPARγ was found to be up-regulated at both transcriptional and protein levels after avasimibe treatment. Then we found that the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 could reverse the effect of avasimibe on the cell cycle. Moreover, xenograft and pulmonary metastasis models further demonstrated that avasimibe could inhibit tumor cell growth and metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results for the first time revealed that avasimibe can inhibit BLCA progression and metastasis, and PPARγ signaling pathway may play a key role in regulation of cell cycle distribution induced by avasimibe.
Reading recognition of pointer meters based on an improved UNet++ network

Pointer meters are widely used in modern industries, such as petrochemical applications, substations, and nuclear power plants. To overcome the reading errors and inaccurate measurements due to uneven or fluctuating illumination in practical applications, this paper proposes an improved UNet++ network for recognizing pointer meter readings. First, the scale invariant feature transform feature-matching algorithm is used to adjust the captured tilted meter images to a symmetrical and upright shape. Then, the UNet++ network is used to segment the scale and pointer regions in the dashboard to eliminate background interference. Furthermore, part of the convolution in the UNet++ network is replaced with dilated convolution with different expansion rates to expand the perceptual field during network training. In the UNet++ network jump connection, the attention mechanism module is also introduced in the path to enhance the region’s features to be segmented and suppress the parts of the non-segmented area. A hybrid loss function is used for the network model training to prevent the imbalance of the segmented region share. Finally, the distance method is used to read the gauge representation. Experiments were conducted to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of the original UNet++ network in terms of feasibility and precision. The experimental results showed that the recognition reading accuracy was significantly improved by the enhanced network, with the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reaching 98.65%, 84.33%, and 99.38%, respectively. Furthermore, when using the improved UNet++ network for numerical reading, the average relative error was only 0.122%, indicating its robustness in a natural environment.
Water use strategies and ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO2 in two highly seasonal environments

We compare assimilation and respiration rates, and water use strategies in four divergent ecosystems located in cold-continental central Siberia and in semi-arid southern Africa. These seemingly unrelated systems have in common a harsh and highly seasonal environment with a very sharp transition between the dormant and the active season, with vegetation facing dry air and soil conditions for at least part of the year. Moreover, the northern high latitudes and the semi-arid tropics will likely experience changes in key en- vironmental parameters (e.g., air temperature and precipita- tion) in the future; indeed, in some regions marked climate trends have already been observed over the last decade or so. The magnitude of instantaneous or daily assimilation and respiration rates, derived from one to two years of eddy covariance measurements in each of the four ecosystems, was not related to the growth environment. For instance, respiration rates were clearly highest in the two decidu- ous systems included in the analysis (a Mopane wood- land in northern Botswana and a Downy birch forest in Siberia; >300 mmol m 2 d 1 ), while assimilation rates in the Mopane woodland were relatively similar to a Siberian Scots pine canopy for a large part of the active season (ca. 420 mmol m 2 d 1 ). Acknowledging the limited number of ecosystems compared here, these data nevertheless demon- strate that factors like vegetation type, canopy phenology or ecosystem age can override larger-scale climate differences in terms of their effects on carbon assimilation and respira- tion rates. By far the highest rates of assimilation were observed in Downy birch, an early successional species. These were achieved at a rather conservative water use, as indicated by relatively low levels of , the marginal water cost of plant carbon gain. Surprisingly, the Mopane woodland growing in the semi-arid environment had significantly higher values of . However, its water use strategy included a very plas- tic response to intermittently dry periods, and values of were much more conservative overall during a rainy season with low precipitation and high air saturation deficits. Our comparison demonstrates that forest ecosystems can respond very dynamically in terms of water use strategy, both on in- terannual and much shorter time scales. But it remains to be evaluated whether and in which ecosystems this plasticity is mainly due to a short-term stomatal response, or alternatively goes hand in hand with changes in canopy photosynthetic ca- pacity.
Effect of fund size on the performance of Australian superannuation funds

This paper finds that fund size has a positive impact on the performance of notfor-profit superannuation funds, which is evident both in gross returns and in expenses. Larger not-for-profit funds have higher allocations to investments, such as private equity and real estate, where they are likely to have a size-related advantage. Lower investment expense ratios of larger not-for-profit funds suggest that they negotiate more favourable fee schedules with external managers. Larger funds (whether retail or not-for-profit) realise substantial operational cost savings. However, fund size does not have an overall positive impact on the performance of retail superannuation funds. Acknowledgements: The author thanks APRA’s Statistics Unit for providing the superannuation data and Bruce Arnold, Joanna Chang, Katrina Ellis, Miriam Escano, Ross Jones, John Laker, Charles Littrell and Craig Roodt for their comments and suggestions. Disclaimer: This paper reflects the author’s views and not necessarily the views of APRA. APRA does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or currency of the material included in this publication, and will not be liable for any loss or damage arising out of any use of, or reliance on, this publication. Corresponding author: james.cummings@apra.gov. au
Clarification of field characters for three freshwater sharks and a photographic atlas of 'Glyphis glyphis' and 'G. garricki' from the Adelaide River, Northern Territory, Australia

Eighty-two Glyphis glyphis, one G garricki and two Carcharhinus leucas were caught at six localities in the Adelaide River on 66 gill-netting trips from mid-May to mid-December during 2001, 2003-05 and 2009. Photographs are presented that differentiate these euryhaline sharks. The small second dorsal fin of C. leucas clearly separates it from Glyphis species. The waterline (i.e. junction of dark dorsal and pale ventral colouration) on G glyphis extends just under the eye whereas it extends well below the lower margin of the eye in G garricki. Photographs showing shark bite marks on other species are presented. Because of the presence of G glyphis under 610 mm TL with umbilical scars, it is postulated that Marrakai Creek is a nursery area and an important juvenile habitat of this species especially from September-December.
Predicting stream transient storage zone characteristics from tracer data

A method for predicting solute transport in streams with transient storage is presented. The method uses the principle of superposition to generate general solutions for an arbitrary inflow boundary condition based on a fundamental solution for a constant finite duration loading. The principle of superposition is shown to give excellent results for the cases studied here. The method can be used to compute stream and transient storage characteristics from measured concentration versus time data from stream tracer studies.
Study on Coordinated Development of Economy and Environment in Xinjiang—Evaluation,Prediction,Regulation and Control

With social and economic development,the contradiction between land resources and population growth is becoming more and more serious,so the coordinated development of economy and environment has become as a key domain of researchers and scholars all over the world.Based on the situation in Xinjiang,in this study an index system of economy-environment system is developed,the coordination of economy-environment systems in the eastern,central and western regions of China is analyzed based on considering the differences between north China and south China and using the hierachical analysis,and the coordinated development of economy and environment in 5 provinces is compared.Moreover,the coordination degrees of these provinces and autonomous regions are calculated,the differences of the coordination of economy-environment systems between Xinjiang and other provinces and autonomous regions are analyzed,and the future coordinated development of economy and environment in Xinjiang is predicted.On which some measures are suggested for promoting the coordinated development of economy and environment in Xinjiang,they are to enhance the macro-economic control,make the government′s role into full play,give energetic support to the circulative economy and entironment regeneration based on the scientific and technological progress,increase the investment in entironment construction by raising funds from every possible channel,and pay great attention to the key industries and key regions based on considering the economic and environmental actuality in Xinjiang.