Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION OF THE DEPOSITION OF A PHOSPHOPROTEIN AT THE MINERALIZATION FRONT IN THE DENTIN OF THE RAT INCISOR

A peptide that is rich in organically bound phosphorus and contains abundant serine residues has been identified in the dentin of man (1), fetal bovine (2, 3), and rat (4). This phosphoprotein may play a role in mineralization (5-9). Butler et al. (4) reported that the phosphoprotein of rat incisor dentin constituted 10.8% of the proteinaceous material recovered from decalcified incisor teeth while collagen comprised 84%. Since the phosphorus content of the phosphoprotein was estimated at 3.29% and that of collagen at 0.19% (4), much of the phosphorus taken up in organic form by the incisor would likely be present as phosphoprotein. With this in mind, it was decided to inject [~3P]phosphate into rats and examine the demineralized incisor teeth by radioautography in the hope of tracing phosphoprotein formation. The organic phosphorus of dentin phosphoprotein is believed to be attached to serine residues (6). In the rat incisor dentin, this amino acid comprises 35 residues per cent of the phosphoprotein and only four residues per cent of the cyanogen bromide peptides of collagen (4). Hence serine also appeared to be a suitable amino acid precursor to trace phosphoprotein formation by radioautography. Finally, the radioautographic pattern of the deposition of labeled phosphorus and serine was compared to that of [3H]proline. Proline may be used as a precursor to trace collagen, since it makes up 22.0 residues per cent of dentin collagen and only 2.4 residues per cent of the phosphoprotein (4). The results indicated that the pattern of phosphoprotein deposition into the dentin matrix is strikingly different from that of collagen.
Effect of improving representation of horizontal and vertical cloud structure on the Earth's global radiation budget. Part I: Review and parametrization

A poor representation of cloud structure in a general circulation model (GCM) is widely recognised as a potential source of error in the radiation budget. Here, we develop a new way of representing both horizontal and vertical cloud structure in a radiation scheme. This combines the ‘Tripleclouds’ parametrization, which introduces inhomogeneity by using two cloudy regions in each layer as opposed to one, each with different water content values, with ‘exponential‐random’ overlap, in which clouds in adjacent layers are not overlapped maximally, but according to a vertical decorrelation scale. This paper, Part I of two, aims to parametrize the two effects such that they can be used in a GCM. To achieve this, we first review a number of studies for a globally applicable value of fractional standard deviation of water content for use in Tripleclouds. We obtain a value of 0.75 ± 0.18 from a variety of different types of observations, with no apparent dependence on cloud type or gridbox size. Then, through a second short review, we create a parametrization of decorrelation scale for use in exponential‐random overlap, which varies the scale linearly with latitude from 2.9 km at the Equator to 0.4 km at the poles. When applied to radar data, both components are found to have radiative impacts capable of offsetting biases caused by cloud misrepresentation. Part II of this paper implements Tripleclouds and exponential‐random overlap into a radiation code and examines both their individual and combined impacts on the global radiation budget using re‐analysis data. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright
Genetic or Psychogenic? A Case Study of “Folie à Quatre” Including Twins

Shared psychotic disorder, characterized by shared delusion among two or more subjects (termed “Folie à deux,” “trois,” etc.), is often associated with strong religious beliefs or social isolation, factors creating strong psychological sympathy. Recently, we treated a rare familial case of “Folie à quatre” in central Tokyo without such influences. The proband was a schizophrenia patient and younger brother within monozygotic twins. Positive symptoms were “transmitted” to remaining family members, his elder brother, mother, and father father, in a relatively short period of three months. Although the pathophysiology of these positive symptoms (delusions and hallucinations) remains unclear, the transmission pattern suggests the primacy of social and environmental factors (and/or their interaction), while genetics appeared less influential in this “Folie à famille. ” Although undiagnosed psychoses in the whole family cannot be excluded, they did not share the other negative schizophrenia symptoms of the proband. A strong familial connection appeared to be the most important factor for the common delusion and hallucination.
Effects of undertaking translation repair using back translation

Translation repair plays an important role in intercultural communication that involves machine translation. It can be used to create messages that have very few translation mistakes. The accuracy of the results of translation repair when an original sentence is rewritten has not yet been evaluated. The improvement brought about by translation repair has to be demonstrated in order to apply translation repair to multilingual communication. Therefore, we have evaluated the translation repair of Japanese-English, Japanese-Chinese, and Japanese-Korean translations using back translation. We have used test sentences with a character count ranging from 15 to 32. On the basis of these evaluation experiments, we have estimated the accuracy and the cost of translation repair. (1) After nearly six rounds of translation repair work in three languages, the average translation accuracy of the sentences used in the experiment was improved (the meaning of the translated sentences was almost the same as that of the original sentences). In the experiment, 65% of the sentences were improved to the level of highly accurate. Moreover, 99% of the sentences were improved to the level of moderately accurate. 2) The cost of repairing a sentence depended on the number of translation-difficult words or phrases that were contained in the sentence. When the quality of a translation was low, finding the word or phrase to be modified was a difficult task. Thus, the cost corresponded to the quality of the translation.
Nowcasting Turkish GDP Growth

In this paper we present backcasts and nowcasts for quarter on quarter Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth for Turkish economy. GDP growth is one of the most important economic indicators since GDP figures provide comprehensive information regarding the economic activity. GDP data are published with considerable delay, so early estimates of GDP growth may be valuable. For this aim, we use an extended version of the Stock and Watson coincident indicator model that can deal with mixed frequency (such as quarterly and monthly variables), ragged ends (some indicators are published before others), and missing data (data may not be available at the beginning of the sample for some variables). As soft data we use PMI, and as hard data we use industrial production, import and export quantity indices. We perform simulated out of sample forecasting exercise by taking the ? ow of data releases for 2008Q1-2012Q2 into account. Results show that nowcasts obtained with a model including a soft indicator tracks the GDP growth relatively successfully. Also, the model outperforms benchmark AR model.
Challenge to fast and stable computation of approximate univariate GCD, based on displacement structures

Given polynomials with floating-point number coefficients, one can now compute the approximate GCD stably, except in ill-conditioned cases where the GCD has small or large leading coefficient/constant term. The cost is <i>O</i>(<i>m</i><sup>2</sup>), where <i>m</i> is the maximum of degrees of given polynomials. On the other hand, for polynomial with integer coefficients, one can compute the polynomial GCD faster by using the half-GCD method with the cost less than <i>O</i>(<i>m</i><sup>2</sup>). In this paper, we challenge to compute the approximate GCD faster, with the cost less than <i>O</i>(<i>m</i><sup>2</sup>). Our idea is to use the displacement technique and the half-GCD method.
Analysis of linear prediction, coding, and spectral estimation from subbands

Linear prediction schemes make a prediction x/spl circ//sub i/ of a data sample x/sub i/ using p previous samples. It has been shown by Woods and O'Neil (1986) as well as Pearlman (1991) that as the order of prediction p/spl rarr//spl infin/, there is no gain to be obtained by coding subband samples. This paper deals with the less well understood theory of finite-order prediction and optimal coding from subbands which are generated by ideal (brickwall) filtering of a stationary Gaussian source. We first prove that pth-order prediction from subbands is superior to pth-order prediction in the fullband, when p is finite. This fact adduces that optimal vector p-tuple coding in the subbands is shown to offer quantifiable gains over optimal fullband p-tuple coding, again when p is finite. The properties of subband spectra are analyzed using the spectral flatness measure. These results are used to prove that subband DPCM provides a coding gain over fullband DPCM, for finite orders of prediction. In addition, the proofs provide means of quantifying the subband advantages in linear prediction, optimal coding, and DPCM coding in the form of gain formulas. Subband decomposition of a source is shown to result in a whitening of the composite subband spectrum. This implies that, for any stationary source, a pth-order prediction error filter (PEF) can be found that is better than the pth-order PEF obtained by solving the Yule-Walker equations resulting from the fullband data. We demonstrate the existence of such a "super-optimal" PEF and provide algorithmic approaches to obtaining this PEF. The equivalence of linear prediction and AR spectral estimation is then exploited to show theoretically, and with simulations, that AR spectral estimation from subbands offers a gain over fullband AR spectral estimation.
Stakeholder Perceptions of the Use and Value of Computers and Technology in an Elementary School Setting:A Case Study of the Vision and Reality of Educational Technology

The purpose of this study was to describe the status of classroom computer use at an elementary (K-6) school with a population of 676 students in a rural county in the mid-south. A further purpose of the study included examining and describing the patterns of beliefs or attitudes toward the use of technology in education and the skill levels necessary for use. Teachers, administrators, and parents within one school were observed and surveyed offering qualitative and quantitative data in order to make recommendations regarding the direction of technological development for the school and determining the types of training needed. 1. Statement of the Problem School systems must constantly appropriate funds and make plans for implementing new technology into classrooms. Technology expenditures often represent a large portion of allocated monies earmarked within schools. Societal trends lean toward embracing new technological advances in all aspects of our lives, including in the classroom. This is evidenced in the rapid growth of computer ownership, hand-held electronics, and Internet access over the last few years. Teachers who apply for and receive grant money for technology must report levels of success to the grant appropriators. School boards, superintendents, technology coordinators, administrators, and the public in general need to know how effectively teachers use computers and whether students leave school with the skills and interest to function in our technological society. By examining one school as a case study, one may probe such barriers and facilitators such as equipment, time, technology support, and administrative support of teachers. To understand the strengths that support effective technology use in education, and learn about the weaknesses that may inhibit the effective use of technology as a learning and teaching tool, one might examine a school's expenditures on technology, technology use by teachers, and attitudes of parents, teachers, administrators, supervisors of instruction, and technology coordinators regarding technology use. Do teachers feel adequately prepared to integrate technology in the state-mandated curriculums? What effects do teachers' beliefs regarding the importance of technology have on the way they use technology in the classroom? What similarities or differences appear in expectations relating to technology use in the classroom held by teachers, by administrators, and by parents and how might these similarities or differences effect present or future uses of technology in the classrooms?
Cancer Incidence in BRCA1 mutation carriers.

BACKGROUND Germline BRCA1 mutations confer a substantial lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but whether cancer at other sites is increased is less clear. To evaluate the risks of other cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers, we conducted a cohort study of 11 847 individuals from 699 families segregating a BRCA1 mutation that were ascertained in 30 centers across Europe and North America. METHODS The observed cancer incidence was compared with the expected cancer incidence based on population cancer rates. Relative risks (RRs) of each cancer type in BRCA1 carriers relative to risks for the general population were estimated by weighting individuals according to their estimated probability of being a mutation carrier. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS BRCA1 mutation carriers were at a statistically significantly increased risk for several cancers, including pancreatic cancer (RR = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26 to 4.06, P =.004) and cancer of the uterine body and cervix (uterine body RR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.69 to 4.16, P<.001; cervix RR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.26 to 6.10, P<.001). There was some evidence of an elevated risk of prostate cancer in mutation carriers younger than 65 years old (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.01 to 3.29, P =.05) but not in those 65 years old or older (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1.33, P =.45). Overall, increases in the risk for cancer at sites other than the breast or ovary were small and evident in women (RR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.93 to 2.75, P =.001) but not in men (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.12, P =.58). CONCLUSIONS In carriers of BRCA1 mutations, the overall increased risk of cancer at sites other than breast and ovary is small and is observed in women but generally not in men. BRCA1 mutations may confer increased risks of other abdominal cancers in women and increased risks of pancreatic cancer in men and women.
FIELD MEASUREMENTS OF PV MODULE PERFORMANCE USING A HANDY TOOL

Si based PV technology is now matured and operating life of PV module in the range of 20 to 30 years is guaranteed. During this period, many times, it is required to find out the health of the PV module in the field in order to estimate the performance degradation after certain time period. This paper is concerned with field testing of the performance of PV panels, using a very handy tool, for evaluation of the effect of varying atmospheric conditions on device performance, i.e. to reveal the characteristics of PV modules in actual conditions. The issues that are of primary interest in these field tests are the module ratings, the modules' response to extreme weather conditions, and the possibility of performance degradation during long-term outdoor usage. The paper describes the preparation of the measurements including realization of the entire measurement system, which is in form of an automatic small size, easy to carry and usable handy tool. The most important part of the measurements is the IV-curve readings, and the construction of a functional IV-measurement system. Other part of the work includes the selection of a functioning sensor lineup and the programming of the data acquisition system (DAS). Environmental measurements are planned in a way that it facilitates the quality control of the measured IV-data as well as general analysis of the meteorological variables.
Data management strategies for relative quality of service in virtualised storage systems

The amount of data managed by organisations continues to grow relentlessly. Driven by the high costs of maintaining multiple local storage systems, there is a well established trend towards storage consolidation using multi-tier Virtualised Storage Systems (VSSs). At the same time, storage infrastructures are increasingly subject to stringent Quality of Service (QoS) demands. Within a VSS, it is challenging to match desired QoS with delivered QoS, considering the latter can vary dramatically both across and within tiers. Manual efforts to achieve this match require extensive and ongoing human intervention. Automated efforts are based on workload analysis, which ignores the business importance of infrequently accessed data. This thesis presents our design, implementation and evaluation of data maintenance strategies in an enhanced version of the popular Linux Extended 3 Filesystem which features support for the elegant specification of QoS metadata while maintaining compatibility with stock kernels. Users and applications specify QoS requirements using a chmod-like interface. System administrators are provided with a character device kernel interface that allows for profiling of the QoS delivered by the underlying storage. We propose a novel score-based metric, together with associated visualisation resources, to evaluate the degree of QoS matching achieved by any given data layout. We also design and implement new inode and datablock allocation and migration strategies which exploit this metric in seeking to match the QoS attributes set by users and/or applications on files and directories with the QoS actually delivered by each of the filesystem’s block groups. To create realistic test filesystems we have included QoS metadata support in the Impressions benchmarking framework. The effectiveness of the resulting data layout in terms of QoS matching is evaluated using a special kernel module that is capable of inspecting detailed filesystem data on-thefly. We show that our implementations of the proposed inode and datablock allocation strategies are capable of dramatically improving data placement with respect to QoS requirements when compared to the default allocators.
Influenza Vaccination Uptake among the Working Age Population of Japan: Results from a National Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Influenza vaccination rates among Japanese people of working age (20–69 years) is currently suboptimal, and the reasons for this have not been clearly elucidated. This study examined factors associated with vaccination intention among the working age population in Japan during September 2011, one-month prior to influenza vaccination becoming available. Methodology/Principal Findings A web-based survey of intention to be vaccinated against influenza in the coming season was undertaken among 3,129 Japanese aged 20 to 69 years. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between vaccination intent and other variables. Influenza vaccination intent was associated with having been vaccinated in the previous year (Odds Ratio (OR): 3.81; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.75–3.86), the number of children per household (one compared with zero; OR: 1.37; 95%CI: 1.11–1.65), and household income ($50,000 to <$100,000 compared with $0 to <$50,000; OR: 1.30; 95%CI: 1.07–1.54). Smoking was inversely associated with influenza vaccine uptake (current smokers compared with non-smokers; OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.61–0.98). A history of either the survey respondent or a household member having being medically diagnosed with influenza in the previous year was not statistically associated with future influenza vaccination intent. Conclusions/Significance Overall, this suggests that intention to be vaccinated among working age Japanese is associated with a past history of influenza vaccination, having children, and the household's income. As such, consideration of these factors should now form the cornerstone of strategies to encourage increased uptake of vaccination against influenza in future years.
Ansatz Hubbard ’ s Adventures in N = 4 SYM-land ? Some non-perturbative considerations on finite length operators

Some non-perturbative considerations on finite length operators. Abstract As the Hubbard energy at half filling is believed to reproduce at strong coupling (part of) the all loop expansion of the dimensions in the SU (2) sector of the planar N = 4 SYM, we compute an exact non-perturbative expression for it. For this aim, we use the effective and well-known idea in 2D statistical field theory to convert the Bethe Ansatz equations into two coupled non-linear integral equations (NLIEs). We focus our attention on the highest anomalous dimension for fixed bare dimension or length, L, analysing the many advantages of this method for extracting exact behaviours varying the length and the 't Hooft coupling, λ. For instance, we will show that the large L (asymptotic) expansion is exactly reproduced by its analogue in the BDS Bethe Ansatz, though the exact expression clearly differs from the BDS one (by non-analytic terms). Performing the limits on L and λ in different orders is also under strict control. Eventually, the precision of numerical integration of the NLIEs is as much impressive as in other easier-looking theories.
Global Diversification at the Harsh Sea-Land Interface: Mitochondrial Phylogeny of the Supralittoral Isopod Genus Tylos (Tylidae, Oniscidea)

The supralittoral environment, at the transition between sea and land, is characterized by harsh conditions for life. Nonetheless, evolution of terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea), the only group of Crustacea fully adapted to live on land, appears to have involved a transitional step within the supralittoral. The two most basal oniscidean lineages (Ligiidae and Tylidae) have representatives that successfully colonized the supralittoral. One of them is the genus Tylos, which is found exclusively in supralittoral sandy beaches from tropical and subtropical coasts around the world. Comprehensive phylogenetic hypotheses for this genus are lacking, which are necessary for understanding the evolution and biogeography of a lineage that successfully diversified in the harsh sea-land interface. Herein, we studied the phylogenetic relationships among 17 of the 21 currently recognized species of the genus Tylos, based on sequences from four mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome Oxidase I, Cytochrome b, 16S rDNA, and 12S rDNA). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses identified several lineages with deep divergences and discrete geographic distributions. Phylogenetic and distributional patterns of Tylos provide important clues on the biogeography and evolution of this group. Large divergences among the most basal clades are consistent with ancient splits. Due to the biological characteristics of Tylos, which likely prevent dispersal of these isopods across vast oceanic scales, we argue that tectonic events rather than trans-oceanic dispersal explain the distribution of Tylos in different continents. Overwater dispersal, however, likely enabled range expansions within some basins, and explains the colonization of volcanic oceanic islands. Present-day distributions were also likely influenced by sea level and climate changes. High levels of allopatric cryptic genetic differentiation are observed in different regions of the world, implying that the dispersal abilities of Tylos isopods are more limited than previously thought. Our results indicate that a taxonomic revision of this group is necessary.