Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using ontologies to improve semantic interoperability in health data

The present–day health data ecosystem comprises a wide array of complex heterogeneous data sources. A wide range of clinical, health care, social and other clinically relevant information are stored in these data sources. These data exist either as structured data or as free-text. These data are generally individual personbased records, but social care data are generally case based and less formal data sources may be shared by groups. The structured data may be organised in a proprietary way or be coded using one-of-many coding, classification or terminologies that have often evolved in isolation and designed to meet the needs of the context that they have been developed. This has resulted in a wide range of semantic interoperability issues that make the integration of data held on these different systems changing. We present semantic interoperability challenges and describe a classification of these. We propose a four-step process and a toolkit for those wishing to work more ontologically, progressing from the identification and specification of concepts to validating a final ontology. The four steps are: (1) the identification and specification of data sources; (2) the conceptualisation of semantic meaning; (3) defining to what extent routine data can be used as a measure of the process or outcome of care required in a particular study or audit and (4) the formalisation and validation of the final ontology. The toolkit is an extension of a previous schema created to formalise the development of ontologies related to chronic disease management. The extensions are focused on facilitating rapid building of ontologies for time-critical research studies. What is already known on this topic Ontologies are used in health care for (1) modelling the semantics of medical concepts and (2) to facilitate exchange of medical data between disparate systems Diverse range of ontologies has been developed to semantically represent health care concepts What this study adds A classification of semantic interoperability issues is presented in this study An extended toolkit that supports rapid building of ontologies related to chronic disease management is described
Translating research into practice: Lessons from trials of thrombolysis in acute stroke

There exist individual, institutional and national barriers to change, none more so than when introducing new therapies into medical practice especially those that involve organizational change. This paper, presented as an address to the joint meeting of the Association of British Neurologists and the Indian Academy of Neurology in October 2007, explores these barriers in the context of the instruction of thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute ischaemic stroke and suggests how they might be overcome using evidence from relevant clinical trials and observational studies.
Using cellular automata for improving knn based spam filtering

As rapid growth over the Internet nowadays, electronic mail (e-mails) has become a popular communication tool. However, junk mail also, known as spam has increasingly become a part of life for users as well as internet service providers. To address this problem, many solutions have been proposed in the last decade. Currently, content-based anti-spam filtering methods are an important issue; the spam filtering is considered as a special case of binary text categorization. Many machine learning techniques have been developed and applied to classify email as spam or non-spam. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) method called Cellular Automaton Combined with KNN (CA-KNN) for spam filtering. In our proposed method, a cellular automaton is used to identify which instances in training set should be selected to classify a new e-mail; CA-KNN selects the nearest neighbours not from the whole training set, but only from a reduced subset selected by a cellular automaton.
Multi-Grain Power Control Scheme in Ultra-Low-Power Data-Driven Chip multiprocessor : ULP-DDCMP

The authors are developing multi-grain power control scheme in ultra-low power data-driven chip multiprocessor (ULP-DDCMP) being suitable for a networking process in low power and a high performance. ULP-DDCMP consists of four ultra-low power CUEs (ULPCUE) and a token router distributing received packets to ULP-CUE by a round robin manner. ULP-CUE consists of an elastic self-timed pipeline (STP) having a flexibility that absorbs a sudden increase of a processing load. Because power consumption of the STP is proportional to processing load, the processing load can easily be assumed by observing power consumption. Moreover, the ULP-CUE has a supply voltage controller to adjust a performance of ULP-CUE to a demanded performance by observing the power consumption. In this paper, we propose a simulation method for developing multi-grain power control scheme in ULP-DDCMP.
Causes and consequences of consumer dissatisfaction with external attributions.

This paper deals with the process of how consumer dissatisfaction is formed, both from a cognitive and an affective perspective, and also with how it translates into complaint behavior intentions. Our main objective is, on 1 Este estudio ha sido realizado con el apoyo financiero prestado por el proyecto I+D del Plan Nacional SEJ200766054/ECON. 2 Universidad de Valencia. Departamento de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Facultad de Economía. Av. Dels Tarongers, s/n, Edificio Departamental Oriental, 46022 Valencia. Correo electrónico: beatriz.moliner@uv.es 3 Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Departamento de Dirección de Empresas, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales. Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Sevilla. Correo electrónico: mfuebla@upo.es Causas y consecuencias de la insatisfacción en consumidores con atribuciones externas Cuadernos de Gestión Vol. 11. No 1 (Año 2011), pp. 37-58 ISSN: 1131 6837 38 the one hand, to gain an insight into the effect that the disconfirmation of expectations has on dissatisfaction judgments, not only directly, but also indirectly through negative affects. On the other hand, we intend to analyze the influence these judgments exert on complaint behavior intentions, which can develop into complaint responses, third party responses, or private responses. From a sample of customers who have experienced an unsatisfactory situation with a restaurant and show different external attribution level, we have put forward a causal model to study the causal relationships. The results confirm a direct effect of disconfirmation on dissatisfaction and on affects, a direct effect of that dissatisfaction on complaint behaviour intentions and there are not significant differences according to external attribution level. The findings suggest management implications and future research.
Canine paraprostatic cyst - a case report

The paraprostatic cyst is not a common disease of the prostate gland. The present report describes in detail the clinical status, radiological, haematological and histological findings in a canine patient. Following non-standard surgical intervention (ureterocolonic anastomosis) the status of the patient was studied for a period of eight months.
The LT1 and LT2 variants of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat-labile toxin (LT) are associated with major ETEC lineages

ABSTRACT The heat-labile toxin (LT) is one of the major virulence factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). We recently described that 20 polymorphic LT variants are present in ETEC strains isolated globally. Two of the variants, LT1 and LT2, are particularly common and we found that they were associated with clonal ETEC lineages that express the colonization factors (CFs), CFA/I, CS1+CS3, CS2+CS3, and CS5+CS6. ETEC expressing these CFs are frequently found among ETEC strains isolated from cases with diarrhea. ETEC expressing the colonization factors CS1+CS3, and CS2+CS3 are found in 2 discrete clonal lineages and express the LT1 variant and heat stable toxin (STh). Although they clearly are virulent they neither produce, nor secrete, high amounts of LT toxin. On the other hand ETEC strains expressing LT, STh, CFA/I and LT, STh, CS5+CS6, carry the LT2 variant and produce and secrete significantly more LT toxin. Despite differences in toxin production, LT1 and LT2 are found in ETEC lineages that have managed to spread globally confirming that these variants are important for ETEC virulence.
H∞ control for discrete‐time nonlinear switching systems

This paper formulates and solves the robust H∞ control problem for discrete‐time nonlinear switching systems. The H∞ control problem is interpreted as the l2 finite gain control problem and is studied using a dissipative systems theory for switched systems. Both state and measurement feedback control problems are formulated as dynamic games and solved using dynamic programming. The partially observed dynamic game corresponding to the measurement feedback control problem is solved by transforming into a completely observed, full state infinite‐dimensional game problem using information states. Our results are illustrated with an example. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single Cell Genomics of the Brain: Focus on Neuronal Diversity and Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Single cell genomics has made increasingly significant contributions to our understanding of the role that somatic genome variations play in human neuronal diversity and brain diseases. Studying intercellular genome and epigenome variations has provided new clues to the delineation of molecular mechanisms that regulate development, function and plasticity of the human central nervous system (CNS). It has been shown that changes of genomic content and epigenetic profiling at single cell level are involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases (schizophrenia, mental retardation (intellectual/leaning disability), autism, Alzheimer’s disease etc.). Additionally, several brain diseases were found to be associated with genome and chromosome instability (copy number variations, aneuploidy) variably affecting cell populations of the human CNS. The present review focuses on the latest advances of single cell genomics, which have led to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of neuronal diversity and neuropsychiatric diseases, in the light of dynamically developing fields of systems biology and “omics”.
A Novel Approach to Improve the Training Time of Convolutional Networks for Object Recognition

Convolutional neural network is a kind of multi-layered neural network which facilitates the feature extraction and input-output mapping together with a global learning algorithm. The built-in trainable feature extractor of convolutional networks makes it a good candidate for endto-end object recognition problem. In addition, the trainable feature extractor is adaptable to different problem domain. Even though the recognition accuracy is good, the lengthy training time involved can be a major set back. However, in some applications of object recognition, the computational accuracy of the network is not as important as its computational speed. In this paper we describe how a new approach that combines a convolutional network with circular pairwise classification can significantly shorten the network’s training time. In addition, we compare the training time as well as the proposed new approach’s ability to expand the list of objects of interest with that of a common monolithic neural network. We will also show the results of recognition accuracy for both networks.
Finding the "Conservation" in Conservation Genetics--Progress in Latin America.

From the Centro de Ecologia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Apartado 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela (Rodriguez-Clark); Provita, Av. Romulo Gallegos, Edf. Pascal, Ofc 171B, Caracas 1071, Venezuela (OliveiraMiranda); Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Apartado 89.000, Caracas 1080-A, Venezuela (Aguilera Meneses and de Oliveira-Miranda); Centro de Investigaciones en Ecologia y Zonas Aridas (CIEZA), Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda, Calle Maparari entre calles Las Flores y Cristal, Coro 4101, Falcon, Venezuela (Martino); Laboratorio de Genetica y Evolucion, Departamento de Ciencias Ecologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, CP 780-0003, Santiago, Chile (Mendez); Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, 277. 05508-090. Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil (Miyaki); ReGeneC, Grupo BioEvo, Pabellon II, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Sartenejas, Caracas 1070-A, Venezuela (Montiel-Villalobos); Instituto de Ecologia y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Ecologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, CP 780-0024 Santiago, Chile (Poulin); Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2 Canada (Ruzzante); and Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A-CCS-Ilha do Fundao, 21941-590-Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil (Sole-Cava).
From Linguistic Contextualism to Situated Cognition: the Case of Ad Hoc Concepts

Our utterances are typically if not always “situated,” in the sense that they are true or false relative to unarticulated parameters of the extra-linguistic context. The problem is to explain how these parameters are determined, given that nothing in the uttered sentences indicates them. It is tempting to claim that they must be determined at the level of thought or intention. However, as many philosophers have observed, thoughts themselves are no less situated than utterances. Unarticulated parameters need not be mentally represented. In this paper, I try to make precise the notion of representation at stake here. In one sense of ‘representation’, something is represented if it is inferentially relevant. In another, less demanding sense, something is represented if it is relevant to the construction of a context-sensitive, ad hoc concept. Ad hoc concepts act as “proxies” for cognitively more demanding representations. They “imitate” the latter's epistemic and pragmatic roles while being inferentially less sophisticated. Thus, there are two senses in which a thought can be said to be situated: (1) its truth-value is relative to a non-represented contextual parameter, (2) its truth-value is not itself relative, but it involves a context-sensitive, ad hoc concept.
Digit-Serial Systolic Architectures for Inversions over GF(2m)

Digit-serial architectures for finite field arithmetic operations are of interest since hardware costs can be optimized by minimizing the digit size to satisfy throughput requirements. Based on a reformulation of the extended Euclidean algorithm, we design digit-serial systolic architectures with digit size L for inversions over GF(2m) using a systematic approach. Compared with previously proposed digit-serial inversion architectures, our new architectures require significantly less hardware and reduce critical path delays by 50% while achieving the same throughput L/m and latency. Unlike previously proposed digit-serial inversion architectures, for which L has to be a divisor of m, our systematic approach is applicable even when L is not a divisor of m
Immunization of pigs against infection with Schistosoma japonicum using ultraviolet-attenuated cercariae

SUMMARY Since pigs are important in the zoonotic transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in China, a veterinary vaccine might contribute to the control of the disease in humans. Pigs were immunized with three doses each of 10000 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum attenuated with ultraviolet light (400 μWatt·min/cm2). The experiment was performed with portable irradiation equipment in a rural area of the Hubei Province (P.R. China). A challenge infection of 1000 untreated cercariae was given 2·5 or 6 months after the last immunization, and age-matched naive pigs were challenged as a control. Immunized pigs developed about 90% resistance against the challenge. The liver egg load of these animals was reduced by over 90%. Less than 0·01 % of the immunizing cercariae developed to adult parasites and the vaccination had no apparent adverse influence on the pigs' health.
Schoolwide Positive Behavior Supports

deal with student behavior,” said an administrator of an urban middle school, “5,367 office discipline referrals in one year! ” While flipping through the latest stack of discipline referrals on her desk, the administrator noticed that students were being referred to the office for anything from tapping a pencil in class (“disruptive behavior”) to fighting in the hallway (“physical aggression”). The administrator sighed, “Teachers should know how to manage some of these behaviors in their classrooms. ”
Induced myopia associated with increased scleral creep in chick and tree shrew eyes.

PURPOSE To investigate the role of scleral creep in the axial elongation of chick and tree shrew eyes with induced myopia. METHODS Form-deprivation myopia was induced with a diffusing occluder worn over one eye. Scleral samples from the posterior pole and equatorial regions of myopic, contralateral (control), and age-matched normal chick and tree shrew eyes were loaded in vitro with a force of 5 g for 20 minutes while creep extension was monitored. The elastic behavior of sclera from myopic, control, and normal chick eyes was also compared. RESULTS In both chick and tree shrew, posterior and equatorial scleral samples from myopic eyes had significantly (P < 0.05) greater creep extensions than equivalent samples from control and normal eyes (n = 10, each group). Among individual tree shrews the difference in creep rate between the sample from the myopic eye and that from the control eye correlated with vitreous chamber elongation (r = 0.746, P < 0.05) and development of myopia (r = 0.792, P < 0.01) in the deprived eye. No such association was found in the data from chicks. The elastic properties of chick sclera were unaffected in form-deprivation myopia. CONCLUSIONS In chick and tree shrew, form-deprivation myopia is associated with increased creep rate of posterior and equatorial sclera. In tree shrew, the correlation between increased scleral creep rate and vitreous chamber elongation in myopic eyes supports the hypothesis that induced changes in the axial length of the mammalian eye are mediated by changes in the creep properties of the sclera.
Aurantoside K, a New Antifungal Tetramic Acid Glycoside from a Fijian Marine Sponge of the Genus Melophlus

A new tetramic acid glycoside, aurantoside K, was isolated from a marine sponge belonging to the genus Melophlus. The structure of the compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1H NMR, 1H–1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC, as well as high-resolution ESILCMS). Aurantoside K did not show any significant activity in antimalarial, antibacterial, or HCT-116 cytotoxicity assays, but exhibited a wide spectrum of antifungal activity against wild type Candida albicans, amphotericin-resistant C. albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp. , Rhizopus sporangia and Sordaria sp.
Complexity of Counting

In an NP decision problem, we ask the question of whether there exists a solution (a.k.a. certificate/witness) to a given instance. However, in many contexts, one is interested to know not only if a solution exists, but also the number of such solutions. This chapter studies #P, a complexity class that captures this notion. Counting problems arise in diverse fields, such as statistical estimation, statistical physics, network design, etc. Counting problems are also studied in a field of mathematics called enumerative combinatorics, which tries to obtain closed-form mathematical expressions for counting problems. To give an example, the number of spanning trees in a graph can be counted by means of a simple determinant computation. Results in this chapter will show that for many natural counting problems, such efficiently computable expressions are unlikely to exist. Here is an example that suggests how counting problems can arise in situations having to do with estimations of probability. Example 8.1 In the Graph − Reliability problem we are given a directed graph on n nodes. Suppose we are told that each node can fail with probability 1/2 and told to compute the probability that node 1 has a path to n. A moment's thought shows that under this simple edge failure model, the remaining graph is uniformly chosen at random from all subgraphs of the original graph. Thus the correct answer is 1 2 n (number of subgraphs in which node 1 has a path to n.) We can view this as a counting version of the PATH problem.
Multianalyte Profiling of Serum Antigens and Autoimmune and Infectious Disease Molecules to Identify Biomarkers Dysregulated in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer in the United States. When detected early, the 5-year survival rate is 92%, although most cases remain undetected until the late stages where 5-year survival rates are 30%. Serum biomarkers may hold promise. Although many markers have been proposed and multivariate diagnostic models were built to fit the data on small, disparate sample sets, there has been no systematic evaluation of these markers on a single, large, well-defined sample set. To address this, we evaluated the dysregulation of 204 molecules in a sample set consisting of serum from 294 patients, collected from multiple collection sites, under a well-defined Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol. The population, weighted with early-stage cancers to assess biomarker value for early detection, contained all stages of ovarian cancer and common benign gynecologic conditions. The panel of serum molecules was assayed using rigorously qualified, high-throughput, multiplexed immunoassays and evaluated for their independent ovarian cancer diagnostic potential. Seventy-seven biomarkers were dysregulated in the ovarian cancer samples, although cancer antigen 125, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, interleukin 10, interleukin 8, connective tissue growth factor, haptoglobin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 stood out as the most informative. When analyzed by cancer subtype and stage, there were differences in the relative value of biomarkers. In this study, using a large sample cohort, we show that some of the reported ovarian cancer biomarkers are more robust than others, and we identify additional informative candidates. These findings may guide the development of multivariate diagnostic models, which should be tested on additional, prospectively collected samples. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2872–81)