Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CaCOphoNy: metamodel-driven software architecture reconstruction

Far too often, architecture descriptions of existing software systems are out of sync with the implementation. If they are, they must be reconstructed, but this is a very challenging task. The first problem to be solved is to define what "software architecture" means in the company. The answer can greatly vary, especially among the many stakeholders. In order to solve this problem, This work presents CaCOphoNy, a generic metamodel-driven process for reconstructing software architecture. This work provides a methodological guide and shows how metamodels can be used (1) to define architectural viewpoints, (2) to link these viewpoints to existing metaware and (3) to drive architecture reconstruction processes. The concepts presented Were identified over the last decade in the context of Dassault Systemes, one of the largest software companies in Europe, with more than 1200 developers. CaCOphoNy is however a very generic process pattern, and as such it can be applied in many other contexts. This process pattern is in line with the MDA and ADM approaches from the OMG. It also complies with the IEEE Standard 1471 for software architecture. A megamodel integrating these standards is presented.
Increased Risk for Postoperative Hemorrhage After Intracranial Surgery in Patients With Decreased Factor XIII Activity: Implications of a Prospective Study

Background and Purpose— The functional integrity of the hemostatic system is a prerequisite for the safe performance of neurosurgical procedures. To monitor the individual coagulation capacity of each patient, standard tests are effective to detect deficiencies involving the generation of fibrin. However, fibrin clot strength depends primarily on coagulation factor XIII, which cross-links fibrin monomers and enhances clot resistance against fibrinolysis. Therefore, factor XIII is functionally involved in both the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems. The objective of this prospective study was to determine the incidence and clinical relevance of perioperative decreased factor XIII with respect to standard coagulation parameters and the occurrence of postoperative hematoma. Methods— In 876 patients, 910 neurosurgical procedures were performed. Prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), platelet count, fibrinogen, and factor XIII were tested in each patient preoperatively and postoperatively. Results— Postoperative intracranial hematoma (defined as requiring surgical evacuation) occurred after 39 (4.3%) of 910 surgical procedures. Patients with postoperative hematoma had significantly lower factor XIII and fibrinogen levels preoperatively and postoperatively than patients without hematoma. In patients with postoperative hematoma, PT and platelets differed significantly only postoperatively, whereas PTT was different neither preoperatively nor postoperatively. Of the 39 patients with a postoperative hematoma, 13 (33.3%) had a postoperative factor XIII <60% compared with 61 (7%) of 867 patients without hematoma (P <0.01, Fisher’s exact test). The relative risk of developing a postoperative hematoma is therefore increased 6.4-fold in patients with postoperative factor XIII <60%. The risk is increased 12-fold in patients who additionally have postoperative decreased fibrinogen levels (<1.5 g/L) and 9-fold in patients with platelet count <150×109/L and factor XIII <60%. Conclusions— This is the first prospective study that demonstrates the association of decreased perioperative factor XIII with an increased risk of postoperative hematoma in neurosurgical patients. The risk is further increased in those patients with low factor XIII and additional abnormalities of fibrinogen, PT, platelets, and PTT. Factor XIII testing and specific replacement, as accepted for other clotting factors, may reduce the risk of postoperative hematoma.
Demonstration of presbycusis across repeated measures in a nonhuman primate species.

The progress of age-related hearing loss in three 31-yr-old, two 24-yr-old, and two 9-yr-old rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was repeatedly examined over a period of 3 yr. Pure-tone audiograms for seven frequencies, . 125, . 500, 2.000, 4.000, 16.000, 22.667, and 32.000 kHz, were obtained through the use of the psychophysical tracking method. Analysis indicated the presence of presbycusis in the older animals. Animals demonstrating presbycusis showed a progressive decrement in the ability to detect higher frequencies and an overall hearing loss at all frequencies.
Multi-modal multi-correlation person-centric news retrieval

In this paper, we propose a framework of multi-modal multi-correlation person-centric news retrieval, which integrates news event correlations, news entity correlations, and event-entity correlations simultaneously by exploring both text and image information. The proposed framework is confined to a person-name query and enables a more vivid and informative person-centric news retrieval by providing two views of result presentation, namely a query-oriented multi-correlation map and a ranking list of news items with necessary descriptions including news image, news title and summary, central entities and relevant news events. First, we pre-process news articles using natural language techniques, and initialize the three correlations by statistical analysis about events and entities in news articles and face images. Second, a Multi-correlation Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (MPMF) algorithm is proposed to complete and refine the three correlations. Different from traditional Probabilistic Matrix Factorization (PMF), the proposed MPFM additionally considers the event correlations and the entity correlations as well as the event-entity correlations during the factor analysis. Third, the result ranking and visualization are conducted to present search results relevant to a target news topic. Experimental results on a news dataset collected from multiple news websites demonstrate the attractive performance of the proposed solution for news retrieval.
MATHEMATICAL PROOF IS NOT MINUTIAE AND IRREDUCIBLE COMPLEXITY IS NOT A THEORY: A FINAL RESPONSE TO BURT AND SIMONS AND A CALL TO CRIMINOLOGISTS

KEYWORDS: biosocial, assumptions, twinsIn their initial article, Burt and Simons (2014) laid out a range of speciﬁc criticismsof twin-based research. They argued that violations of the statistical assumptions thatunderpin this line of work result in upwardly biased estimates of heritability and down-wardlybiasedestimatesofenvironmentaleffects.AccordingtoBurtandSimons,theﬁnd-ingsgeneratedfrombehavioralgeneticapproachesare“biologicallynonsensical”andare“misguided. ” Indeed, Burt and Simons stated, without qualiﬁcation, that an entire classof statistical models used to analyze twin data are “seriously ﬂawed. ” Because behavioralgenetic designs suffer from “fatal ﬂaws,” they argued, twin-based research designs andtheir associated statistical methods should be put to an “end in criminology. ”We examined their assertions carefully. We found that Burt and Simons (2014) cherry-picked the studies they cited in support of their position regarding the biasing impact ofthe equal environments assumption (EEA), something they openly admit in the onlinesupporting information of their rejoinder (Burt and Simons, 2015, this issue). Speciﬁcally,theystate,“wefocusedonarticlesthatshowedthattheEEAisnotavalidassumption”tosupport their claim that heritability estimates from behavioral genetic studies are chron-ically overestimated as a result of violations of this assumption. In fact, they relied pri-marily on a single source (Joseph, 1998, 2004, 2006, 2010) for their critique. Notably, wefound that they failed to cite the vast majority of the more than 60 studies that tested forviolations of the EEA—a body of work that is inconsistent with their claims.
Retinotopic distribution of chromatic responses in human primary visual cortex

In non‐human primates at least three anatomically and functionally distinct channels convey signals from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1). Two of these channels, the parvocellular and the koniocellular, are sensitive to chromatic contrasts and form the basis of color vision. In humans, common phylogenetic history with other primates and psychophysical experiments suggest identical retinocortical mechanisms but separate evaluation of the distinct anatomical channels has been difficult because signals are already combined in V1. We studied the spatial distribution of activation to chromatic stimuli along the two opponent chromatic axes in human V1 with multifocal functional magnetic resonance imaging. The signal strength was quantified from three experiments with stimuli up to 20° eccentricity. The hypothesis was that, although the parvo‐ and koniocellular signals are mixed in V1, distinct distributions of signal strength would be evident. We found that whereas different conditions activated the same areas of cortex, indicating that they have identical magnification factors, the responses to red/green stimulation were stronger close to the fovea whereas the blue/yellow responses were much less diminished with increasing eccentricity. Both chromatic axes showed saturating contrast response functions. Our measure directly from human V1 is in line with earlier psychophysical studies suggesting relatively stronger parvocellular channel representation close to the fovea, and more uniform distribution of the koniocellular and achromatic channels. In addition, our study presents a way to rapidly quantify retinotopic signal transmission in distinct retinocortical pathways of individual subjects.
Code-division multiplexing of a sensor channel: a software implementation

This paper demonstrates the use of software radio techniques in the context of sensing, rather than communications. It describes code-division multiplexing (CDMA) and time-division multiplexing (TDMA) of a receiver channel in an electric field sensing system. The only hardware used is a front-end gain stage consisting of two opamps and a microcontroller. The modulation and demodulation operations are implemented entirely in the microcontroller software. Multiple coded waveforms are transmitted simultaneously, and induce a combined signal on a single receive electrode. The combined signal, after passing through a single analog front end terminating in an analog-to-digital converter, is separated into the four original component signals by a software demodulation operation. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved by the code-division multiplexed system given a fixed measurement time is compared to the SNR achieved by a time-division multiplexed implementation given the same total measurement time. The paper also compares the scaling of TDMA and CDMA performance with the number of transmitted channels and the number of demodulated channels.
The Art of Changing the Brain

James Zull invites teachers in higher education or any other setting to accompany him in his exploration of what scientists can tell us about the brain and to discover how this knowledge can influence the practice of teaching. He describes the brain in clear non-technical language and an engaging conversational tone, highlighting its functions and parts and how they interact, and always relating them to the real world of the classroom and his own evolution as a teacher.
Fetal alcohol-spectrum disorders: identifying at-risk mothers

Fetal alcohol-spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a collection of physical and neurobehavioral disabilities caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol. To prevent or mitigate the costly effects of FASD, we must identify mothers at risk for having a child with FASD, so that we may reach them with interventions. Identifying mothers at risk is beneficial at all time points, whether prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy, or following the birth of the child. In this review, three approaches to identifying mothers at risk are explored: using characteristics of the mother and her pregnancy, using laboratory biomarkers, and using self-report assessment of alcohol-consumption risk. At present, all approaches have serious limitations. Research is needed to improve the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers and screening instruments, and to link them to outcomes as opposed to exposure. Universal self-report screening of all women of childbearing potential should ideally be incorporated into routine obstetric and gynecologic care, followed by brief interventions, including education and personalized feedback for all who consume alcohol, and referral to treatment as indicated. Effective biomarkers or combinations of biomarkers may be used during pregnancy and at birth to determine maternal and fetal alcohol exposure. The combination of self-report and biomarker screening may help identify a greater proportion of women at risk for having a child with FASD, allowing them to access information and treatment, and empowering them to make decisions that benefit their children.
IgG antibody levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis and clinical measures in children.

BACKGROUND Periodontopathic clinical markers are poorly understood in the pediatric population. Several studies have proposed Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and an antibody response to the microorganism as factors in periodontal tissue destruction in children. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of P. gingivalis in dental plaque and of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels to P. gingivalis, and their relationship to periodontal clinical measures in children. METHODS Thirty-one subjects, aged 20 to 163 months, participated in this study. Clinical measures examined included gingivitis, plaque, alveolar bone height, age, gender, ethnicity, medical status, caries, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Five ml of blood was collected for serum analysis, and IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plaque samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis by DNA-DNA checkerboard. Data were analyzed on a person-level basis for relationships to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis and on a site-specific level for relationships to the presence of P. gingivalis in plaque. RESULTS A majority (77%) of the subjects were systemically healthy, non-white (74%), and did not have detectable P. gingivalis in their plaque. Fifty-two percent of the subjects had positive serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. Based on univariate linear regression, factors related to IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis (P<0.05) included age, average gingival index (GI), average probing depth, and number of teeth with alveolar bone crest to cemento-enamel junction (ABC-CEJ) distances >2 mm. When all clinical measures were considered together, only age remained statistically significantly related to serum IgG antibody levels to P. gingivalis. CONCLUSIONS Age is one of the most important factors in the development of the immune response to putative microorganisms such as P. gingivalis in children. The role of IgG as a time-sensitive measure of periodontal health in children needs to be investigated further.
Large data sets are powerful.

The problems with large data sets highlighted by Drake and McHugo—poor-quality data, statistical significance without meaningfulness, multiple tests, and post hoc interpretations—are neither new nor unique to large data sets. In addition, not all administrative data sets are necessarily large. It is difficult to find good data, administrative or otherwise, and to use it appropriately. Researchers must address validity problems or acknowledge limitations. Large administrative data sets can be put to good use, such as in addressing questions whose answers require observations over an extended period. Their value depends on what they are used for.
Requirements for mobilization of plasmids RSF1010 and ColE1 by the IncW plasmid R388: trwB and RP4 traG are interchangeable

Mobilization of plasmid RSF1010 by the IncW plasmid R388 requires the genes involved in W pilus synthesis plus trwB. traG of the IncP plasmid RP4 can substitute for trwB in RSF1010 mobilization by R388 but not in self-transfer of R388. This result suggests a dual specificity of TrwB-like proteins in conjugation. The same genetic requirements were found for R388 to mobilize the unrelated plasmid ColE1.
Persistence of HBV Vaccine’s Protection and Response to Hepatitis B Booster Immunization in 5- to 7-Year-Old Children in the Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province, Iran

Background and Aims The duration of the protection of hepatitis B vaccination for infants and the necessity of a booster dose administration is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the persistence of seroprotection after hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in order to determine the necessity of a single booster dose in 5- to 7-year-old children. Methods This clinical trial study was conducted from 2004 to 2005.The study population included all children aged 5 to 7 years old in the Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province who had been vaccinated starting at birth with hepatitis B vaccine. Among these children, 729 were selected via a multiple-stage sampling method. Parents gave their informed consent, and blood specimens (3 ml) were obtained from children. Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjects with nonprotective titer levels (< 10 mIU/ml) received a booster does of the DNA recombinant vaccine. Four weeks after the administration of a booster dose, the antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) titer was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, and analyses included chi-square, ANOVA, and independent-samples and paired-samples t-tests. Results 615 children (84.4%) had a protective antibody titer. The mean antibody titer was 230.5 ± 308.9 IU/ml, with a range of 10.6 to 1175 IU/ml. 15.6% of subjects had a nonprotective antibody titer, and the mean antibody titer was 4.97 ± 3.5 IU/ml. All subjects were HBsAg negative. No statistically significant differences were found by sex or by urban versus rural area of residence. The seroprotection rates significantly decreased by as the age of the children increased.Following the booster dose, 78.1 % of the children had a protective titer, and the mean titer significantly increased from 4.97 ± 3.5 at birth to 332.1 ± 402 IU/ml after the booster (P < 0.001). Conclusions According to our results, the proper response of the immune system to a booster dose of HBV at 5 to 7 years of age reveals that immunologic memory is good after primary vaccination. Administration of booster dose does not appear to be necessary at these ages even though these children have a greater possibility of exposure to HBV in school age.
Perfil do Trabalho Decente no Brasil: um olhar sobre as Unidades da Federação

Distribuicao: Somente versao eletronica. Adicionalmente, acrescenta um capitulo pioneiro sobre as empresas e o trabalho decente. Alem de apresentar um conjunto de indicadores e analises relativos as empresas, que podem ajudar a definir politicas e acoes relativas a promocao do Trabalho Decente, visa contribuir tambem para o desenvolvimento e o aperfeicoamento da metodologia de medicao do Trabalho Decente. Trata-se de um primeiro esforco metodologico que devera ser aperfeicoado em futuras edicoes deste relatorio, por intermedio de novas contribuicoes oriundas de oficinas de consulta tripartite no âmbito da medicao do Trabalho Decente. O relatorio inclui tambem, de forma inedita no âmbito internacional do Projeto MAP, uma serie importante de dados relativos as 27 Unidades da Federacao, com o objetivo de analisar a grande heterogeneidade e diversidade de situacoes existente ao longo do territorio nacional em todas as dimensoes do Trabalho Decente. Essa desagregacao dos dados por UF, alem da sua importancia analitica, tem grande relevância para o desenho das politicas publicas.
Flow Synchronization for Network Coding

Network Coding (NC) is a means to improve network performance in various ways. Most evaluations so far were done with simplified assumptions about the application scenario, namely equal data rates and packet sizes for traffic to be encoded. Traffic in real networks, however, does not have this property. Hence, as deterministic and random NC require these properties, flows have to be synchronized prior to encoding to guarantee these properties and to be able to benefit from NC in real networks. In this paper, we present a set of algorithms that synchronize arbitrary flows in wired and wireless scenarios for joint encoding later on. These algorithms are based on fragmentation and Active Queue Management (AQM) techniques. To demonstrate the benefits of our approach, we developed an encoder and decoder for deterministic XOR NC that uses this synchronization technique. Simulation results show that with our synchronization techniques, NC, even in scenarios with bursty, self-similar traffic where NC could not have been deployed so far, increases throughput and lowers packet loss and variance of end-to-end delay compared to plain forwarding.
Pharmacodynamics of caspofungin in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: evidence of concentration-dependent activity.

BACKGROUND A paucity of data exists regarding the pharmacodynamics of caspofungin (CAS) during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). We conducted a dosage-fractionation study to characterize the in vivo pharmacodynamics of CAS activity during IPA, using immunosuppressed mice inoculated intranasally with Aspergillus fumigatus. METHODS After single intraperitoneal doses (0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/kg), plasma CAS concentrations were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic data were analyzed by nonparametric population pharmacokinetic analysis. Three dosage groups (0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/kg) fractionated into 3 different dosing intervals (q6, q24, or q48 h) were then used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic effects (percentage of time greater than the minimum effective concentration [MEC], 96-h area under the plasma concentration curve:MEC ratio, and peak concentration in plasma [Cmax]:MEC ratio) at clinically achievable exposures. Mice were treated for 96 h and were then euthanized, and their lungs were harvested for analysis of pulmonary fungal burden by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A concentration-dependent reduction in mean pulmonary fungal burden was evident in mice in the 1 mg/kg dosage-fractionation group, with significantly lower mean pulmonary fungal burden in mice dosed q48 h versus q6 h (P < .01). A paradoxical increase in pulmonary fungal burden was observed in the highest dosage-fractionation group. CONCLUSIONS CAS demonstrates concentration-dependent pharmacodynamics in the treatment of IPA. The Cmax : MEC ratio appears to be the parameter most closely associated with the reduction of pulmonary fungal burden.