Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which physical parameters can be inferred from the emission variability of relativistic jets

We present results of a detailed numerical study and theoretical analysis of the dynamics of internal shocks in relativistic jets and the non-thermal flares associated with these shocks. In our model internal shocks result from collisions of density inhomogeneities (shells) in relativistic jet flows. We find that the merged shell resulting from the inelastic collision of shells has a complicated internal structure due to the non-linear dynamics of the interaction. Furthermore, the instantaneous efficiency for converting kinetic energy into thermal energy is found to be almost twice as high as theoretically expected during the period of significant emission. The Lorentz factors of the internal shocks are correlated with the initial inertial masses of the shells. Because of the complexity of the non-linear evolution the merged shell becomes very inhomogeneous and simple one-zone models are inadequate to extract physical parameters of the emitting region from the resulting light curves. In order to improve on these one-zone approximations, we propose a novel way of analyzing the space-time properties of the emission. Based on these properties we construct an analytic model of non-thermal flares which can be used to constrain some (unobservable) physical parameters of the internal shocks. These are the ratio of the Lorentz factors between the forward and the reverse shock (caused by the shell collision), and the shell crossing times of these shocks. The analytic model is validated by applying it to the synthetic light curves computed from our models. It can equally well be applied to observations.
‘Morphemes’ and ‘Vocabulary Items’ Distinction in Distributed Morphology: Evidence from Hausa

） Abstract: Traditionally, ‘morphemes’ are consisting complex morphophonological properties and syntactic-semantic properties. However, in realizational theories such as Distributed Morphology, which is a syntactic approach to word formation, morphemes are abstract bundle of features without phonological properties, e.g. pl, fem, masc, categorizers (Embick, 2015) etc. Nevertheless, when language assigns phonological properties to those features (namely late insertion), they serve as vocabulary items instead of morphemes. This was confirmed by Marantz (2000:15), who proposed that ‘…we see, overtly, the vocabulary items, not the morphemes. ’ Moreover, morphemes are generative and there is no any bound morpheme, all are free (Hankamer & Mikkelsen, 2018). Vocabulary items are not generative but expandable and visibly they can either be free or bound. So this paper intends to elaborate these issues together with evidence from Hausa. The entire paper is divided into following subsections: Introduction, Distributed Morphology, morphemes and vocabulary items in Hausa and their differences, followed by Conclusion
How Betrayal Affects Emotions and Subsequent Trust

This article investigates the impact of different emotions on trust decisions taking into account the experience of betrayal. Thus, an experiment was created that included one betrayal group and one control group. Participants in the betrayal group experienced more intense feelings governed by negative emotions than participants in the control group did. Moreover, participants in the betrayal group significantly lowered their trust of another stranger. On the other hand, we found some evidence that neuroticism exaggerated the relationship between experienced betrayal and subsequent trust.
Dynamic analysis of enterprise IT capability system on evolvement view

To study the Enterprise IT capability evolvement rules, it is very valuable for the cognition of the key factors affecting the IT capability system. This paper is focus on the relationship among those factors of Enterprise IT Capability System. It discusses the definition and structure of “Enterprise IT Capability System”, and proposes “Enterprise IT Capability Maturity” as the order parameter of this system. The five states of the order parameter is discussed then, and the order parameter equation is constructed as the dynamic model for the study on the evolvement mechanism of the “Enterprise IT Capability System”.
Cellular Trafficking of Thymosin Beta-4 in HEPG2 Cells Following Serum Starvation

Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is an ubiquitous multi-functional regenerative peptide, related to many critical biological processes, with a dynamic and flexible conformation which may influence its functions and its subcellular distribution. For these reasons, the intracellular localization and trafficking of Tβ4 is still not completely defined and is still under investigation in in vivo as well as in vitro studies. In the current study we used HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line; cells growing in normal conditions with fetal bovine serum expressed high levels of Tβ4, restricted to the cytoplasm until 72 h. At 84 h, a diffuse Tβ4 cytoplasmic immunostaining shifted to a focal perinuclear and nuclear reactivity. In the absence of serum, nuclear reactivity was localized in small granules, evenly dispersed throughout the entire nuclear envelop, and was observed as earlier as at 48 h. Cytoplasmic immunostaining for Tβ4 in HepG2 cells under starvation appeared significantly lower at 48 h and decreased progressively at 72 and at 84 h. At these time points, the decrease in cytoplasmic staining was associated with a progressive increase in nuclear reactivity, suggesting a possible translocation of the peptide from the cytoplasm to the nuclear membrane. The normal immunocytochemical pattern was restored when culture cells submitted to starvation for 84 h received a new complete medium for 48 h. Mass spectrometry analysis, performed on the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of HepG2 growing with and without serum, showed that Tβ4 was detectable only in the cytosolic and not in the intranuclear fraction. These data suggest that Tβ4 is able to translocate from different cytoplasmic domains to the nuclear membrane and back, based on different stress conditions within the cell. The punctuate pattern of nuclear Tβ4 immunostaining associated with Tβ4 absence in the nucleoplasm suggest that this peptide might be localized in the nuclear pores, where it could regulate the pore permeability.
Prevalence and Characterization of Monophasic Salmonella Serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- of Food Origin in China

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- is a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, which has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of infection worldwide. This bacterium has also ranked among the four most frequent serovars causing human salmonellosis in China. However, there are no reports on its contamination in Chinese food. Serotyping, polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic resistance, virulotyping, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) assays were used to investigate the prevalence of this serological variant in food products in China, and to determine phenotypic and genotypic difference of monophasic isolates and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated over the same period. Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- was prevalent in various food sources, including beef, pork, chicken, and pigeon. The study also confirmed the high prevalence (53.8%) of resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline in Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-, which was higher than that in Salmonella Typhimurium. Moreover, Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates in our study were different from Salmonella Typhimurium isolates by the absence of three plasmid-borne genes (spvC, pefA, and rck) and the presence of gipA in all isolates. All Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates demonstrated MLST pattern ST34. Genomic deletions within the fljBA operon and surrounding genes were only found in Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates, with all isolates containing a deletion of fljB. However, hin and iroB were identified in all Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Three different deletion profiles were observed and two of them were different from the reported Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- clones from Spain, America, and Italy, which provided some new evidence on the independent evolution of the multiple successful monophasic clones from Salmonella Typhimurium ancestors. This study is the first report of Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- in food products from China. The data are more comprehensive and representative, providing valuable information for epidemiological studies, risk management, and public health strategies.
A Hybrid Model and MIMO Control for Intelligent Buildings Temperature Regulation over WSN

Abstract The aim of this paper is to propose a model-based feedback control strategy for indoor temperature regulation in buildings equipped with underfloor air distribution (UFAD). Supposing distributed sensing and actuation capabilities, a 0 – D model of the ventilation process is first derived, based on the thermodynamics properties of the flow. A state-space description of the process is then inferred, including discrete events modeled by Markovian processes. This results in a hybrid model with nonlinear components. The use of a wireless sensor network (WSN) and the resulting communication constraints are also discussed. A H ∞ MIMO controller is finally proposed and shown to effectively handle the discrete and nonlinear perturbations.
Performance Modeling of Worldwide Distributed IT Support System at Siemens IT Solutions and Services

Large Information Technology service support system is planned to be deployed at Siemens IT Solutions and Services world wide. The heart of the system is a business process execution platform which organizes distributed services by means of business process modeling notation. This paper addresses performance aspects of this system: how components distribution affects system response time. Results demonstrate application of performance modeling and simulation approaches on early design stages with lack of initial data.
Effects of Flavonoid-rich Plant Extracts on In vitro Ruminal Methanogenesis, Microbial Populations and Fermentation Characteristics

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of flavonoid-rich plant extracts (PE) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission by studying their effectiveness for methanogenesis in the rumen. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. The PE (Punica granatum, Betula schmidtii, Ginkgo biloba, Camellia japonica, and Cudrania tricuspidata) known to have high concentrations of flavonoid were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid. Total gas production and microbial growth with all PE was higher than that of the control at 24 h incubation, while the methane emission was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of the control. The decrease in methane accumulation relative to the control was 47.6%, 39.6%, 46.7%, 47.9%, and 48.8% for Punica, Betula, Ginkgo, Camellia, and Cudrania treatments, respectively. Ciliate populations were reduced by more than 60% in flavonoid-rich PE treatments. The Fibrobacter succinogenes diversity in all added flavonoid-rich PE was shown to increase, while the Ruminoccocus albus and R. flavefaciens populations in all PE decreased as compared with the control. In particular, the F. succinogenes community with the addition of Birch extract increased to a greater extent than that of others. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that flavonoid-rich PE decreased ruminal methane emission without adversely affecting ruminal fermentation characteristics in vitro in 24 h incubation time, suggesting that the flavonoid-rich PE have potential possibility as bio-active regulator for ruminants.
A Comparative Study on Medical Image Denoising in Hybrid domain

The key to medical image denoising technique is to remove the noise while preserving important features. Non-local mean filtering and bilateral filtering are commonly used procedures for medical image denoising. In this paper analysis and comparison of spatial as well as frequency domain methods including bilateral filtering , non-local mean filtering, wavelet thresholding, contourlet thresholding and non-subsampled contourlet transform are done. The non-subsampled contourlet transform applied prior to bilateral and non-local mean filtering gives improved PSNR and perceptual quality. From the results it is also found that introducing transform domain method prior to spatial domain method does not increase the processing time to a much extend.
Predicting Vulnerability to Acoustic Injury with a Noninvasive Assay of Olivocochlear Reflex Strength

Permanent noise-induced damage to the inner ear is a major cause of hearing impairment, arising from exposures occurring during both work- and pleasure-related activities. Vulnerability to noise-induced hearing loss is highly variable: some have tough, whereas others have tender ears. This report documents, in an animal model, the efficacy of a simple nontraumatic assay of normal ear function in predicting vulnerability to acoustic injury. The assay measures the strength of a sound-evoked neuronal feedback pathway to the inner ear, the olivocochlear efferents, by examining otoacoustic emissions created by the normal ear, which can be measured with a microphone in the external ear. Reflex strength was inversely correlated with the degree of hearing loss after subsequent noise exposure. These data suggest that one function of the olivocochlear efferent system is to protect the ear from acoustic injury. This assay, or a simple modification of it, could be applied to human populations to screen for individuals most at risk in noisy environments.
ComTouch : A Vibrotactile Communication Device

This paper proposes a new haptic interface called ComTouch to augment remote voice communication by integrating a touch-to-vibration mapping into a cellular phone. The goal of this work is to enrich interpersonal communication by complementing voice with a new tactile channel. ComTouch, a one-handed device, converts pressure into vibrational intensity between users in real-time. We present preliminary user studies performed on 24 people to observe possible uses of the tactile channel when used in conjunction with audio. By recording and examining both audio and tactile data, we found strong correlations between the two communication channels. Some participants developed encoding systems similar to that of Morse code. Three original usages were also observed: Emphasis, Mimicry, and Turn-taking. We demonstrate the potential of the tactile channel to enhance the existing voice communication channel.
Improved Identifying Codes in F2n

In binary Hamming spaces, we construct new 1- identifying codes which improve on previously known upper bounds on the cardinalities of 1-identifying codes for many lengths when n ges 10. We also construct tau-identifying codes using the direct sum of tau codes that are 1-identifying.
Study on Inhomogeneous Influence on Market using Agent-based Modeling

행위자 기초 모형을 이용하여 행위자의 시장에 대한 불균일한 영향력에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이때 가중치를 금융 시장에서 행위자 간의 공유하는 정보의 영향력의 크기로 사용하였으며 가중치의 크기와 분포가 수익의 변동에 기여하는 것을 관찰하였다. 행위자들의 가중치의 크기가 평균적으로 클수록 가격의 변동의 크기도 같이 증가함을 알 수 있었으며 가중치의 크기뿐만 아니라 가중치의 분포에 따라서도 수익의 분포가 변하게 된다. 이는 신흥시장과 성숙한 시장에서 관 찰되는 분포의 차이와 관련하여 유사성을 찾아볼 수 있을 것이라는 가능성을 제공한다. 행위자의 정보의 영향력은 항상 일정하지 않고 그 영향력이 행위자의 시장 예측에 대한 적중률에 따라 변하게 된다. 이렇게 변화하는 행위자들의 정보의 영향력의 분포는 결국 소수의 큰 영향력을 갖는 행위자와 다수의 영향을 거의 끼치지 못하는 행위자들로 분포되게 된다. 그 분포는 초기의 행위자들의 영향력 분포가 어떻게 되었든 간에 충분히 시간이 흐르면 모두 멱법칙을 따르는 분포를 갖게 된다.
Understanding Popularity in the Peer System

Much research has focused on youth who are rejected by peers; who engage in negative behavior, including aggression; and who are at risk for adjustment problems. Recently, researchers have become increasingly interested in high-status youth. A distinction is made between two groups of high-status youth: those who are genuinely well liked by their peers and engage in predominantly prosocial behaviors and those who are seen as popular by their peers but are not necessarily well liked. The latter group of youth is well known, socially central, and emulated, but displays a mixed profile of prosocial as well as aggressive and manipulative behaviors. Research now needs to address the distinctive characteristics of these two groups and their developmental precursors and consequences. Of particular interest are high-status and socially powerful aggressors and their impact on their peers. The heterogeneity of high-status youth complicates the understanding of the social dynamics of the peer group, but will lead to new and important insights into the developmental significance of peer relationships.
Capturing Long-distance Dependencies in Sequence Models: A Case Study of Chinese Part-of-speech Tagging

This paper is concerned with capturing long-distance dependencies in sequence models. We propose a two-step strategy. First, the stacked learning technique is applied to integrate sequence models that are good at exploring local information and other high complexity models that are good at capturing long-distance dependencies. Second, the structure compilation technique is employed to transfer the predictive power of hybrid models to sequence models via large-scale unlabeled data. To investigate the feasibility of our idea, we study Chinese POS tagging. Experiments on the Chinese Treebank data demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods. The re-compiled models not only achieve high accuracy with respect to per token classification, but also serve as a front-end to a parser well.
Locality Constrained Joint Dynamic Sparse Representation for Local Matching Based Face Recognition

Recently, Sparse Representation-based Classification (SRC) has attracted a lot of attention for its applications to various tasks, especially in biometric techniques such as face recognition. However, factors such as lighting, expression, pose and disguise variations in face images will decrease the performances of SRC and most other face recognition techniques. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose a robust face recognition method named Locality Constrained Joint Dynamic Sparse Representation-based Classification (LCJDSRC) in this paper. In our method, a face image is first partitioned into several smaller sub-images. Then, these sub-images are sparsely represented using the proposed locality constrained joint dynamic sparse representation algorithm. Finally, the representation results for all sub-images are aggregated to obtain the final recognition result. Compared with other algorithms which process each sub-image of a face image independently, the proposed algorithm regards the local matching-based face recognition as a multi-task learning problem. Thus, the latent relationships among the sub-images from the same face image are taken into account. Meanwhile, the locality information of the data is also considered in our algorithm. We evaluate our algorithm by comparing it with other state-of-the-art approaches. Extensive experiments on four benchmark face databases (ORL, Extended YaleB, AR and LFW) demonstrate the effectiveness of LCJDSRC.
DRAFT: PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE PLEASE DO NOT CITE OR CIRCULATE Understanding the Effect of Assessed Ability on School Choice and Investment in Schooling

Standard human capital theory predicts that, with no capital constraints, parents will tend to invest more in education when they think their child is abler than his peers. This paper tests this prediction using a large sample of kindergarten students, the ECLS-K study. As a measure of investment in education I propose a dichotomous variable for whether the school the child is in is chosen by the parent or assigned. I found a positive correlation between assessed ability and investment on education. As assessed ability might be in part a product of prekindergarten schooling decisions also correlated with kindergarten choice, I include these decisions as control variables to find that the correlation between assessed ability and choice remains significant. These results suggest that school choice programs are likely to favor high ability kids more than low ability kids (not only through the obvious ability-gap channel but also because parents of low ability children are less likely to exercise choice), a consequence worth considering when studying the impact and extension of these programs.
Randomization-based inference using the mosaic package

The mosaic package is intended to support teaching statistics and modeling (as well as calculus) in a way that embraces the possibilities offered by modern computational techniques. Our goal is to make effective computation accessible to university-level students at an introductory level. With the broad availability of inexpensive, fast computing and powerful, free software such as R, the rate-limiting factor in accessibility is intellectual: providing a notation in which ideas can be expressed and understood clearly. ∗dtkaplan@gmail.com †nhorton@amherst.edu ‡rpruim@calvin.edu
A generalized endogenous grid method for discrete-continuous choice

This paper extends Carroll's endogenous grid method (2006 "The method of endogenous gridpoints for solving dynamic stochastic optimization problems", Economic Letters) for models with sequential discrete and continuous choice. Unlike existing generalizations, we propose solution algorithm that inherits both advantages of the original method, namely it avoids all root finding operations, and also efficiently deals with restrictions on the continuous decision variable. To further speed up the solution, we perform the inevitable optimization across discrete decisions as more efficient computation of upper envelope of a set of piece-wise linear functions. We formulate the algorithm relying as little as possible on a particular model specification, and precisely define the class of dynamic stochastic optimal control problems it can be applied to. We illustrate our algorithm using finite horizon discrete sector choice model with consumption-savings decisions and borrowing constraints, and show that in comparison to the traditional approach the proposed method runs at least an order of magnitude faster to deliver the same precision of the solution. To implement the method we develop a generic software package that includes pseudo-language for easy model specification and computational modules which support both shared memory and cluster parallelization. The package is wrapped in a Matlab class and incurs low start-up cost to the user. The software package is accessible in public domain.