Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrusiveness of Interventions: Ratings by Psychologists

A survey was conducted of opinions of 24 psychologists in South Australia about the intrusiveness of 89 interventions including methods that might be used to reduce challenging behaviour. Interventions arose from a variety of sources, including behavioural psychology and medicine. Interventions might infringe on 8 different rights. Respondents rated the degree to which interventions were perceived to intrude on clients' rights, using a 4-point scale: abusive, very intrusive, intrusive, and not intrusive. A reasonable degree of consistency in ratings was found. Respondents did not rate all interventions that infringed on the same right as being equally intrusive. A number of interventions were rated as being intrusive but not abusive. Intrusive methods may be legitimate if properly authorised. The question arises of how decisions should be made to authorise intrusive methods when clients are unable to make decisions on their own behalf.
The emergence of oral tadalafil as a once-daily treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is found in a vast array of diseases, with a minority representing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Idiopathic PAH or PAH in association with other disorders has been associated with poor survival, poor exercise tolerance, progressive symptoms of dyspnea, and decreased quality of life. Left untreated, patients with PAH typically have a progressive decline in function with high morbidity ultimately leading to death. Advances in medical therapy for PAH over the past decade have made significant inroads into improved function, quality of life, and even survival in this patient population. Three classes of pulmonary artery-specific vasodilators are currently available in the United States. They include prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. In May 2009, the FDA approved tadalafil, the first once-daily PDE5 inhibitor for PAH. This review will outline the currently available data on tadalafil and its effects in patients with PAH.
Mental Accounting and the Impact of Tax Penalty and Audit Frequency on the Declaration of Income

We investigate (i) whether traders on an experimental asset market form different and separate mental accounts for sale revenues and for dividend earnings and whether (ii) an increase in tax penalty or (iii) an increase in audit frequency increases tax compliance. The results indicate that participants did not form separate mental accounts for sale revenues and for dividend earnings. However in line with prospect theory, it can be shown that a purchase of assets is perceived as a subjective loss that one tries to repair by risk seeking behavior. Participants who increased their net asset holdings declared less income to the tax authorities. Furthermore, the results indicate that an increase in tax penalties as well as an increase in audit frequency increased compliance. In addition, it was found that tax compliance was lower after an audit, especially after the first audit, and that it was lower for participants with high incomes.
Improvement of air quality in vehicle cabins by nanoparticle filtration

A filter system is presented which allows the reduction of the concentration of ultrafine particles in vehicle cabins to very low levels. The original ventilation system is switched to the recirculation mode and all cabin intake air is supplied via a retrofitted filter system. Tests with a variety of different vehicles (from passenger cars to coaches) show the efficiency of the system. Filters incorporated in present ventilation systems remove large particles, for example pollen, but usually are inefficient for removing very small particles. This is demonstrated by Fig. 1, where the particle number concentration outside and inside a car is plotted during a journey near Zurich. It is obvious that the concentrations inside and outside are more or less identical. All windows were closed during this measurement. Tests with a number of different all cars showed similar results. The filters included in today’s ventilation systems usually cannot remove nanoparticles, and so vehicle cabin indoor and outdoor nanoparticle concentrations are more or less identical. The nanocleaner, consisting of a very efficient filter and a high performance blower, allows reduction of the particle concentration in the cabin from several hundreds of thousands or millions per cc. to a few thousand per cc. , equivalent to remote woodland, the total exposed dose being reduced by some two orders of magnitude.
An algorithm for face-constrained encoding of symbols using minimum code length

Different logic synthesis tasks have been formulated as input encoding problems but restricted to use a minimum number of binary variables. This paper presents an original column based algorithm to solve this optimization problem. The new algorithm targets economical implementation of face constraints unlike conventional algorithms which do not care about infeasible ones. Experimental results that demonstrate the superiority of the new method versus conventional tools and a preview algorithm specifically developed for the minimum length encoding problem are shown. A state assignment tool which uses the new algorithm is evaluated by implementing a standard benchmark of sequential circuits. It compares very favorably to well known tools like NOVA.
Music organisation using colour synaesthesia

The movement of music from physical discs to digital resources managed on a computer has had an effect on the listening habits of users. We explore using the potential of the innate synaesthesia that some people report feeling between colour and mood in a novel interface that enables a user to explore their music collection and create musical playlists in a more relevant way. We show that there is a reasonable degree of consistency between users' associations of colour and music, and show that an indirect descriptor can aid in the recall of music via mood, making playlist generation a simpler and more useful process.
Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms as markers of Muir‐Torre syndrome: a diagnostic algorithm

Sebaceous gland neoplasms such as adenoma, epithelioma, and carcinoma are uncommon cutaneous tumors. Although sporadic, their occurrence is clinically significant because of their association with Muir‐Torre syndrome (MTS). MTS is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by the occurrence of sebaceous gland neoplasms and/or keratoacanthomas associated with visceral malignancies that include gastrointestinal and genitourinary cancers. MTS is usually the result of germline mutation in one or more of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MMR genes commonly implicated include MSH‐2 and MLH‐1 and, more recently, MSH‐6. Recent evidence suggests that immunohistochemistry is very sensitive and effective in detecting these defects in cutaneous tumors in MTS. In addition, the genetic instability of cutaneous and visceral tumors in MTS caused by the defects in MMR genes can also be detected, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based techniques, for microsatellite instability (MSI). Given that some sebaceous neoplasms represent cutaneous markers of MTS, what should we as dermatopathologists be advocating? Should we be looking for absence/loss of MMRs in all sebaceous neoplasms? When should we recommend assaying for MSI? This review attempts to address all of these issues with a view to streamlining the work‐up of a patient presenting for the first time with a sebaceous neoplasm and no prior personal or family history of internal malignancies.
Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses

Objectives To evaluate the evidence for strategies to prevent falls or fractures in residents in care homes and hospital inpatients and to investigate the effect of dementia and cognitive impairment. Design Systematic review and meta-analyses of studies grouped by intervention and setting (hospital or care home). Meta-regression to investigate the effects of dementia and of study quality and design. Data sources Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo, Cochrane Database, Clinical Trials Register, and hand searching of references from reviews and guidelines to January 2005. Results 1207 references were identified, including 115 systematic reviews, expert reviews, or guidelines. Of the 92 full papers inspected, 43 were included. Meta-analysis for multifaceted interventions in hospital (13 studies) showed a rate ratio of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.997) for falls but no significant effect on the number of fallers or fractures. For hip protectors in care homes (11 studies) the rate ratio for hip fractures was 0.67 (0.46 to 0.98), but there was no significant effect on falls and not enough studies on fallers. For all other interventions (multifaceted interventions in care homes; removal of physical restraints in either setting; fall alarm devices in either setting; exercise in care homes; calcium/vitamin D in care homes; changes in the physical environment in either setting; medication review in hospital) meta-analysis was either unsuitable because of insufficient studies or showed no significant effect on falls, fallers, or fractures, despite strongly positive results in some individual studies. Meta-regression showed no significant association between effect size and prevalence of dementia or cognitive impairment. Conclusion There is some evidence that multifaceted interventions in hospital reduce the number of falls and that use of hip protectors in care homes prevents hip fractures. There is insufficient evidence, however, for the effectiveness of other single interventions in hospitals or care homes or multifaceted interventions in care homes.
Constructions of Lyapunov Functions for Classics SIS, SIR and SIRS Epidemic model with Variable Population Size

In this work we deal with global stability properties of classic SIS, SIR and SIRS epidemic models with constant recruitment rate, mass action incidence and variable population size. The usual approach to determine global stability of equilibria is the direct Lyapunov method which requires the construction of a function with specific properties. In this work we construct different Lyapunov functions for the systems mentioned above using combinations of suitable composite quadratic, simple quadratic and logarithmic functions. And present some examples of the non-uniqueness of Lyapunov functions in epidemic models.
Bilateral Correspondence Model for Words-and-Pictures Association in Multimedia-Rich Microblogs

Nowadays, the amount of multimedia contents in microblogs is growing significantly. More than 20% of microblogs link to a picture or video in certain large systems. The rich semantics in microblogs provides an opportunity to endow images with higher-level semantics beyond object labels. However, this raises new challenges for understanding the association between multimodal multimedia contents in multimedia-rich microblogs. Disobeying the fundamental assumptions of traditional annotation, tagging, and retrieval systems, pictures and words in multimedia-rich microblogs are loosely associated and a correspondence between pictures and words cannot be established. To address the aforementioned challenges, we present the first study analyzing and modeling the associations between multimodal contents in microblog streams, aiming to discover multimodal topics from microblogs by establishing correspondences between pictures and words in microblogs. We first use a data-driven approach to analyze the new characteristics of the words, pictures, and their association types in microblogs. We then propose a novel generative model called the Bilateral Correspondence Latent Dirichlet Allocation (BC-LDA) model. Our BC-LDA model can assign flexible associations between pictures and words and is able to not only allow picture-word co-occurrence with bilateral directions, but also single modal association. This flexible association can best fit the data distribution, so that the model can discover various types of joint topics and generate pictures and words with the topics accordingly. We evaluate this model extensively on a large-scale real multimedia-rich microblogs dataset. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed model in several application scenarios, including image tagging, text illustration, and topic discovery. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model can significantly and consistently outperform traditional approaches.
Preliminary Version Sequence Types for the π-calculus

We introduce channel sequence types to study finitary polymorphism in the context of mobile processes modelled in the π-calculus. We associate to each channel a set of exchange types, and we require that output processes send values of one of those types, and input processes accept values of all the types in the set. Our type assignment system enjoys subject reduction and guarantees the absence of communication errors. We give several examples of polymorphism, and we encode the λ-calculus with the strict intersection type discipline.
IMPACT DU CONTEXTE SCOLAIRE SUR LA MOTIVATION ET SES CONSEQUENCES AU PLAN DES APPRENTISSAGES

Auparavant absent des considerations politiques, le recours generalise a la notion d'echec scolaire est desormais revelateur d'une preoccupation grandissante des pouvoirs publics. Face a l'utilite percue des etudes qui s'effrite, a une experience scolaire vecue sur le mode de la contestation (Dubet & Martucelli, 1996) ou bien encore a la competition scolaire dans laquelle ne s'engagent que ceux qui ont des chances de reussir, la motivation s'impose a bon nombre d'acteurs comme une ressource essentielle a l'acte d'apprendre (e.g., Bandura, 1986 ; Schunk, 1992 ; Vallerand & Losier, 1994 ; Weiner, 1992). Nous fondant sur les apports de la theorie de l'autodetermination et de la theorie des buts d'accomplissement, l'objectif de ce travail est d'engager une reflexion sur les potentialites d'une etude des mecanismes psychosociaux a l'oeuvre dans le processus enseignement- apprentissages. En raison de son role essentiel dans l'explication des apprentissages, nous consacrons une large partie de notre developpement a l'etude de la motivation en contexte scolaire. Les etudes conduites dans le cadre de cette these avaient pour objectifs (1) de tester, en conditions ecologiques, un modele visant a rendre compte de l'impact du climat motivationnel de la classe sur les apprentissages des eleves en considerant la motivation comme le processus mediateur de cette influence et (2) de developper une perspective d'analyse longitudinale visant a rendre compte de l'evolutivite de processus motivationnels et de l'influence des variations de ces processus sur les differences de reussite scolaire au cours de la premiere annee de college. Ce faisant, nous avons tente de repondre a plusieurs questions : Dans quelle mesure et par quels processus l'environnement motivationnel de la classe influence-t-il la motivation et les apprentissages des eleves ? Quel est l'impact des changements intra-individuels observes au plan motivationnel sur les acquis des eleves ? Existe-t-il des differences interindividuelles dans les trajectoires evolutives des processus motivationnels ? Si oui, quels sont les facteurs impliques dans l'explication de cette heterogeneite ?
The Rationale for Diversity in the Health Professions : A Review of the Evidence

Several racial and ethnic minority groups and people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds are significantly underrepresented among health professionals in the United States. Underrepresented minority (URM) groups have traditionally included African-Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and mainland Puerto Ricans. Numerous public and private programs aim to remedy this underrepresentation by promoting the preparedness and resources available to minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged health professions candidates, and the admissions and retention of these candidates in the health professions pipeline and workforce. In recent years, however, competing demands for resources, along with shifting public opinion about policies aimed to assist members of specific racial and ethnic groups, have threatened the base of support for " diversity programs. " Continued support for these programs will increasingly rely on evidence that they provide a measurable public benefit. The most compelling argument for a more diverse health professions workforce is that it will lead to improvements in public health. We therefore examined the evidence addressing the contention that health professions diversity will lead to improved population health outcomes. Specifically, we searched for, reviewed, and synthesized publicly available studies addressing four separate hypotheses: 1) The service patterns hypothesis: that health professionals from racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely than others to serve racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, thereby improving access to care for vulnerable populations and in turn, improving health outcomes; 2) The concordance hypothesis: that increasing the number of racial and ethnic minority health professionals—by providing greater opportunity for minority patients to see a practitioner from their own racial or ethnic group or, for patients with limited English proficiency, to see a practitioner who speaks their primary language—will improve the quality of communication, comfort level, trust, partnership, and decision making in patient-practitioner relationships, thereby increasing use of appropriate health care and adherence to effective programs, ultimately resulting in improved health outcomes; 3) The trust in health care hypothesis: that greater diversity in the health care workforce will increase trust in the health care delivery system among minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, and will thereby increase their propensity to use health services that lead to improved health outcomes; and 4) The professional advocacy hypothesis: that health professionals from racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds will be more likely than others to provide leadership and advocacy for policies and programs aimed at improving health care for vulnerable populations, thereby …
Implementation and Design of CPLD-Based Switched-Capacitor Step-Down DC-DC Converter with Multiple Output Choice

A simple quasi-switched-capacitor (QSC) step-down DC-DC converter with multiple output choice (9 V/5 V, 9 V/3.3 V, 9 V/2 V) is designed and implemented via complex-programmable-logic-device-based (CPLD) digital controller for low-power applications (input: 7.0-9.0 V, load: 50~400 Ohms). The integrated digital controller is implemented by combination with verilog CPLD and ADC/DAC chips to achieve the closed-loop control of QSC converter. Such a Verilog-based CPLD can make controller design more flexible, simple and reliable. In fact, SC circuit needs no inductive element, so I.C. fabrication is promising, and it is pretty suitable for low-power VLSI applications. An interleaved current-mode control is employed here from battery source interleaved charging to the series capacitors of different cells by a voltage-controlled current source, so the continuous input current comes into being, and it results in a good feature: low electromagnetic interference (EMI). Such a current-mode control is able to not only enhance output robustness against source variation/noise, but also keep regulation capability of converter with loading variation. Finally, the hardware experiments are illustrated to show the efficacy of the scheme designed, where some topics include: voltage conversion and output ripple percentage, output robustness against source variation, and regulation capability of converter with loading variation.
Consensus of nonlinear dynamical networks with Markovian switching topologies and time-varying delay

This paper addresses the consensus problem for complex dynamical networks with each node being a Lure system whose nonlinearity satisfies a sector condition. Communication time-delay and Markovian switching topologies are also considered in the dynamical network system. The switching for topologies is determined by a Markov chain, each topology corresponding to a state of the Markov chain. The partial stability theory, Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and Schur complement formula are applied to get the novel criterion, which have the forms of bilinear matrix inequalities. Moreover, the method of designing a static output controller is provided. Finally, numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed methods.
CO3 for ultra-fast and accurate interactive segmentation

This paper presents an interactive image segmentation framework which is ultra-fast and accurate. Our framework, termed "CO3", consists of three components: COupled representation, COnditional model and COnvex inference. (i) In representation, we pose the segmentation problem as partitioning an image domain into regions (foreground vs. background) or boundaries (on vs. off) which are dual but simultaneously compete with each other. Then, we formulate segmentation process as a combinatorial posterior ratio test in both the region and boundary partition space. (ii) In modeling, we use discriminative learning methods to train conditional models for both region and boundary based on interactive scribbles. We exploit rich image features at multi-scales, and simultaneously incorporate user's intention behind the interactive scribbles. (iii) In computing, we relax the energy function into an equivalent continuous form which is convex. Then, we adopt the Bregman iteration method to enforce the "coupling" of region and boundary terms with fast global convergence. In addition, a multigrid technique is further introduced, which is a coarse-to-fine mechanism and guarantees both feature discriminativeness and boundary preciseness by adjusting the size of image features gradually. The proposed interactive system is evaluated on three public datasets: Berkeley segmentation dataset, MSRC dataset and LHI dataset. Compared to five state-of-the-art approaches including Boycov et al., Bai et al., Grady, Unger et al. and Couprie et al., our system outperforms those established approaches in both accuracy and efficiency by a large margin and achieves state-of-the-art results.
Fluid dynamical systems as Hamiltonian boundary control systems

It is shown how the geometric framework for distributed-parameter port-controlled Hamiltonian systems can be adapted to formulate ideal isentropic compressible fluids with nonzero energy flow through the boundary of the spatial domain as Hamiltonian boundary control systems. The key ingredient is the modification of the Stokes-Dirac structure to a Dirac structure defined on the space of mass density 3-forms and velocity 1-forms, incorporating three-dimensional convection. Some initial steps towards stabilization of these boundary control systems, based on the generation of Casimir functions for the closed-loop Hamiltonian system, are discussed.