Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalable hybrid verification of complex microprocessors

We introduce a new verification methodology for modern microprocessors that uses a simple checker processor to validate the execution of a companion high-performance processor. The checker can be viewed as an at-speed emulator that is formally verified to be compliant to an ISA specification. This verification approach enables the practical deployment of formal methods without impacting overall performance.
Multi-objective optimisation of CNC milling process using Grey-Taguchi method in machining of GFRP composites

Purpose – In milling process the surface roughness and delamination are the most important performance characteristics, which are influenced by many factors like fibre orientation angle, helix angle, feed rate and spindle speed. The selection of these parameters at optimum level plays a vital role in getting minimum surface roughness and delamination factor. The purpose of this paper is to present multi-objective optimisation of Computer Numerical Control milling parameters using Grey-Taguchi method to get minimum surface roughness and delamination factor in machining of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) composites used in automotive, aircraft and manufacture of space ships. Design/methodology/approach – The experiments are designed and conducted based on Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array by taking fibre orientation angle, helix angle, feed rate and spindle speed at three levels and responses are surface roughness and delamination factor. Taguchi's signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio are determined based on the.
Novel reconfigurable randomized broadcast algorithm for channel-aware wireless networks

In this paper, we study the channel-aware minimum-latency broadcast scheduling problem using the probabilistic model. We establish an explicit relationship between the tolerated transmission-failure probability and the latency of the corresponding broadcast schedule. Such a tolerated transmission-failure probability is calculated in the strict sense that the failure to receive the message at any single node will lead to the entire broadcast failure and only if all nodes have successfully received the message, do we consider it a successful broadcast. We design a novel reconfigurable broadcast scheduling algorithm such that the latency is evaluated under such a strict definition of failure. Our derived latency bound associated with this new randomized algorithm is substantial to guarantee the low broadcast latency for the complete broadcasting success thereby.
Leukocyte response integrin and integrin-associated protein act as a signal transduction unit in generation of a phagocyte respiratory burst

The leukocyte response integrin (LRI) is a phagocyte integrin which recognizes the basement membrane protein entactin and the synthetic peptide Lys-Gly-Ala-Gly-Asp-Val (KGAGDV). The function of LRI is intimately associated with that of a distinct membrane protein, integrin-associated protein (IAP), as antibodies which recognizes IAP can inhibit all known functions of LRI. When adherent to surface, the LRI ligands entactin and KGAGDV activate the respiratory burst in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes, as do monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed at either LRI or IAP. When added in solution, peptides and antibodies specific for LRI, and some, but not all, anti- IAP antibodies, can inhibit the respiratory burst activated by any of these surface-adherent ligands. Only monoclonal anti-IAP antibodies which can inhibit LRI function when added in solution are competent to activate the respiratory burst when adherent to a surface. KGAGDV peptide and anti-LRI added in solution can inhibit anti-IAP-stimulated respiratory burst. The LRI-IAP-initiated respiratory burst is independent of CD18, as judged by: (a) blockade of inhibition by anti- CD18 mAb with the protein kinase A inhibitor HA1004; (b) enhanced sensitivity of CD18-dependent respiratory burst compared with LRI/IAP- dependent respiratory burst to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genestein and herbimicin; and (c) generation of a respiratory burst in response to KGAGDV, anti-LRI, and anti-IAP coated surfaces in PMN from a patient with LAD. Despite its apparent CD18 independence, LRI/IAP-initiated respiratory burst requires a solid phase ligand and is sensitive to cytochalasin B. These data suggest a model in which LRI and IAP act together as a single signal transduction unit to activate the phagocyte respiratory burst, in a manner that requires CD18-independent cell adhesion.
Distribution of Distributed Arithmetic Codewords for Equiprobable Binary Sources

Distributed Arithmetic Coding (DAC) is an effective implementation of Slepian-Wolf coding, especially for short data blocks. However, the properties of DAC codewords have not yet been studied so far. This paper researches DAC codeword distribution over interval [0, 1] for equiprobable binary sources. Some simulation results are given to verify theoretical analyses.
Quantitative patterns between plant volatile emissions induced by biotic stresses and the degree of damage

Plants have to cope with a plethora of biotic stresses such as herbivory and pathogen attacks throughout their life cycle. The biotic stresses typically trigger rapid emissions of volatile products of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway (LOX products: various C6 aldehydes, alcohols, and derivatives, also called green leaf volatiles) associated with oxidative burst. Further a variety of defense pathways is activated, leading to induction of synthesis and emission of a complex blend of volatiles, often including methyl salicylate, indole, mono-, homo-, and sesquiterpenes. The airborne volatiles are involved in systemic responses leading to elicitation of emissions from non-damaged plant parts. For several abiotic stresses, it has been demonstrated that volatile emissions are quantitatively related to the stress dose. The biotic impacts under natural conditions vary in severity from mild to severe, but it is unclear whether volatile emissions also scale with the severity of biotic stresses in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, biotic impacts are typically recurrent, but it is poorly understood how direct stress-triggered and systemic emission responses are silenced during periods intervening sequential stress events. Here we review the information on induced emissions elicited in response to biotic attacks, and argue that biotic stress severity vs. emission rate relationships should follow principally the same dose–response relationships as previously demonstrated for different abiotic stresses. Analysis of several case studies investigating the elicitation of emissions in response to chewing herbivores, aphids, rust fungi, powdery mildew, and Botrytis, suggests that induced emissions do respond to stress severity in dose-dependent manner. Bi-phasic emission kinetics of several induced volatiles have been demonstrated in these experiments, suggesting that next to immediate stress-triggered emissions, biotic stress elicited emissions typically have a secondary induction response, possibly reflecting a systemic response. The dose–response relationships can also vary in dependence on plant genotype, herbivore feeding behavior, and plant pre-stress physiological status. Overall, the evidence suggests that there are quantitative relationships between the biotic stress severity and induced volatile emissions. These relationships constitute an encouraging platform to develop quantitative plant stress response models.
The Relation of Ongoing Brain Activity, Evoked Neural Responses, and Cognition

Ongoing brain activity has been observed since the earliest neurophysiological recordings and is found over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. It is characterized by remarkably large spontaneous modulations. Here, we review evidence for the functional role of these ongoing activity fluctuations and argue that they constitute an essential property of the neural architecture underlying cognition. The role of spontaneous activity fluctuations is probably best understood when considering both their spatiotemporal structure and their functional impact on cognition. We first briefly argue against a “segregationist” view on ongoing activity, both in time and space, which would selectively associate certain frequency bands or levels of spatial organization with specific functional roles. Instead, we emphasize the functional importance of the full range, from differentiation to integration, of intrinsic activity within a hierarchical spatiotemporal structure. We then highlight the flexibility and context-sensitivity of intrinsic functional connectivity that suggest its involvement in functionally relevant information processing. This role in information processing is pursued by reviewing how ongoing brain activity interacts with afferent and efferent information exchange of the brain with its environment. We focus on the relationship between the variability of ongoing and evoked brain activity, and review recent reports that tie ongoing brain activity fluctuations to variability in human perception and behavior. Finally, these observations are discussed within the framework of the free-energy principle which – applied to human brain function – provides a theoretical account for a non-random, coordinated interaction of ongoing and evoked activity in perception and behavior.
Correlation between Na2SiO3/NaOH Ratio and Fly Ash/Alkaline Activator Ratio to the Strength of Geopolymer

Geopolymer requires an alkaline activator to induce it pozzolanic property and to accelerate the geopolymerisation process. The geopolymerisation process occurs due to the mixing of fly ash, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as the alkaline activator, which produces aluminosilicate gel that acts as a binder. As such, the ratios of fly ash to alkaline activator and Na2SiO3/NaOH play an important role in obtaining desirable compressive strength; the concentration of NaOH used in this study was 12 M. Different ratios of fly ash to alkaline activator (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) and Na2SiO3/NaOH (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0) were investigated in order to determine the maximum compressive strength. The alkaline activator was mixed with fly ash with different ratio as mentioned above and the samples were cured at 70°C for 24 hours and tested on the seventh day. The maximum compressive strength was obtained when the ratios of fly ash to alkaline activator and Na2SiO3/NaOH were 2.0 and 2.5 with compressive strength 73.86 MPa.
Sponsored Search and the Exploration-Exploitation-Outsourcing Dilemma

Motivated by the recently proposed (and eventually abandoned) partnership in sponsored search advertising between Yahoo! and Google, we examine a model for ad selection in which an agent must balance directly learning which ads perform best and outsourcing ad slots to another party in exchange for a share of any click revenue. Our framework captures a fundamental tension between the potential shortterm revenue gains from outsourcing, and the longer-term impacts on revenue due to the outsourced learning opportunities. Our main result shows that for broad classes of distributions over the arriving keyphrases (including the heavytailed distributions consistent with empirical search data), an outsourcing policy optimized for near-term revenue maximization always results in lower long-term revenue than a pure learning, no-outsourcing approach, and on a time scale not much longer than the outsourcing period itself.
Cross-frequency synchronization connects networks of fast and slow oscillations during visual working memory maintenance

Neuronal activity in sensory and fronto-parietal (FP) areas underlies the representation and attentional control, respectively, of sensory information maintained in visual working memory (VWM). Within these regions, beta/gamma phase-synchronization supports the integration of sensory functions, while synchronization in theta/alpha bands supports the regulation of attentional functions. A key challenge is to understand which mechanisms integrate neuronal processing across these distinct frequencies and thereby the sensory and attentional functions. We investigated whether such integration could be achieved by cross-frequency phase synchrony (CFS). Using concurrent magneto- and electroencephalography, we found that CFS was load-dependently enhanced between theta and alpha–gamma and between alpha and beta-gamma oscillations during VWM maintenance among visual, FP, and dorsal attention (DA) systems. CFS also connected the hubs of within-frequency-synchronized networks and its strength predicted individual VWM capacity. We propose that CFS integrates processing among synchronized neuronal networks from theta to gamma frequencies to link sensory and attentional functions. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13451. 001
Simplifying grasping complexity through generalization of kinaesthetically learned synergies

There has been a growing enthusiasm to use anthropomorphic hands of humanoid robots to manipulate every-day objects and tools designed for humans. However, multi-fingered grasping imposes a formidable control challenge due to the high dimensionality of the joint space and the difficulty to form a functional grip on objects. We propose a hybrid technique based on grasping synergies extracted from kinaesthetic demonstrations on a given object with a primitive geometry - a cuboid in this case - and passive kinematic enveloping as a generalization technique. Experiments were carried out on an iCub humanoid robot using everyday objects such as a telephone receiver, a computer mouse, three white board markers bundled together, a fencing handle, a compact disc keep case, and a drinking glass. We prove that the primitives extracted from kinaesthetic demonstrations on a cuboid can be generalized across a majority of the above real world objects.
Heat Transfer Enhanced in Water Containing TiO2 Nanospheres

In the present work, nanofluids containing spherical TiO2 nanoparticles were mixed in water, to have various concentrations with the average particle diameter of 81.3 nm. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize the TiO2 nanoparticles. Photothermal techniques, thermal lens spectrometry (TLS) and photopyroelectric (PPE) were used to measure the thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of the nanofluids respectively. The experimental results show that the thermal diffusivity (D) increased with the increase in TiO2 nanoparticle concentration. It was also possible to see that thermal effusivity (e) had a similar behavior as the thermal diffusivity, where both the values increased with the concentration rate and finally a comparison with literature values show good agreement with the thermal parameters of water.
Frequent methylation of p16INK4A/p14ARF promoters in tumorigenesis of Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines.

BACKGROUND The data that the p16INK4A gene is frequently inactivated in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and that this event often accompanies the inactivation of p14ARF in several tumours prompted us to examine the genetic and methylation status of both genes in BL and B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The existence of gene deletion, mutation and promoter methylation was investigated by single-strand conformational polymorphism, direct sequencing and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis, respectively. RESULTS Sequencing of each exon of both tumour suppressor genes revealed p16INK4A mutation only in 3 out of 11 BL, but 1 of them also affected the p14ARF gene. MSP analysis of promoters showed p16INK4A to be methylated and p14ARF not to be methylated in each Epstein-Barr virus-positive BL cell line. Primary B-cells and de novo established LCLs had no genetic changes or methylated promoter of either gene. LCLs achieving the stage of immortalization usually showed methylation of both p16INK4A and p14ARF promoters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that, in contrast to p161NK4A, inactivation of p14ARF by either genetic change or promoter methylation has no importance in the development of BL cell lines, while its methylation has a central role in the immortalization of LCLs.
Pragmatic Rejection

Computationally detecting the accepting/rejecting force of an utterance in dialogue is often a complex process. In this paper we focus on a class of utterances we call pragmatic rejections , whose rejection force arises only by pragmatic means. We deﬁne the class of pragmatic rejections, present a novel corpus of such utterances, and introduce a formal model to compute what we call rejections-by-implicature . To investigate the perceived rejection force of pragmatic rejections, we conduct a crowdsourcing experiment and compare the experimental results to a computational simulation of our model. Our results indicate that models of rejection should capture partial rejection force.
Unsupervised Supervised Learning I: Estimating Classification and Regression Errors without Labels

Estimating the error rates of classifiers or regression models is a fundamental task in machine learning which has thus far been studied exclusively using supervised learning techniques. We propose a novel unsupervised framework for estimating these error rates using only unlabeled data and mild assumptions. We prove consistency results for the framework and demonstrate its practical applicability on both synthetic and real world data.
Harvesting covert networks: a case study of the iMiner database

Data collection of covert networks is an inherently difficult task because of the very nature of these networks. Researchers find it difficult to locate and access data relating to the structure and function of such networks in order to study this extreme social phenomenon. In addition, information collected by intelligence agencies and government organisations is inaccessible to researchers. To counter the information scarcity, we designed and built a database of terrorist-related data and information by harvesting such data from publicly available authenticated websites. The database was incorporated in the iMiner prototype tool, which makes use of investigative data mining techniques to analyse data. This paper will present the developed framework along with the form and structure of the terrorist data in the database. Selected cases will be referenced to highlight the effectiveness of the iMiner tool and its applicability to real-life situations.
Minimization of actuator repositioning using neural networks with application in nonlinear HVAC1 systems

In process control the main goal is not only the output tracking but also the design of a suitable control signal. It is due to the fact that it is dealt with the actuator's performance directly. This means that the undesired oscillations should be removed to alleviate the malfunction of actuators. More than this, saving energy is an important point in energy-consuming systems such as Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper, a nonlinear saturating element is designed with the help of neural networks. This element chops the undesired oscillations of the control signal. The performance of the system is guaranteed by the use of a number of PID controllers as central controllers and implementation of a performance measurement index to reduce the error between the outputs and desired input signals. A multi-layer perceptron network is used and trained with Error Back Propagation algorithm. The method is applied to a nonlinear model of an HVAC system, which demonstrates the good performance of the proposed design method.
Outdoor obstacle avoidance based on hybrid visual stereo SLAM for an autonomous quadrotor MAV

We address the problem of on-line volumetric map creation of unknown environments and planning of safe trajectories. The sensor used for this purpose is a stereo camera. Our system is designed to work in GPS denied areas. We design a keyframe based hybrid SLAM algorithm which combines feature-based stereo SLAM and direct stereo SLAM. We use it to grow the map while keeping track of the camera pose in the map. The SLAM system builds a sparse map. For the path planning we build a dense volumetric map by computing dense stereo matching at keyframes and inserting the point clouds in an Octomap. The computed disparity maps are reused on the direct tracking refinement step of our hybrid SLAM. Safe trajectories are then estimated using the RRT∗ algorithm in the SE(3) state space. In our experiments, we show that we can map large environments with hundreds of keyframes. We also conducted autonomous outdoor flights using a quadcopter to validate our approach for obstacle avoidance.
A Rigorous Temperature-Dependent Stochastic Modelling and Testing for MEMS-Based Inertial Sensor Errors

In this paper, we examine the effect of changing the temperature points on MEMS-based inertial sensor random error. We collect static data under different temperature points using a MEMS-based inertial sensor mounted inside a thermal chamber. Rigorous stochastic models, namely Autoregressive-based Gauss-Markov (AR-based GM) models are developed to describe the random error behaviour. The proposed AR-based GM model is initially applied to short stationary inertial data to develop the stochastic model parameters (correlation times). It is shown that the stochastic model parameters of a MEMS-based inertial unit, namely the ADIS16364, are temperature dependent. In addition, field kinematic test data collected at about 17 °C are used to test the performance of the stochastic models at different temperature points in the filtering stage using Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). It is shown that the stochastic model developed at 20 °C provides a more accurate inertial navigation solution than the ones obtained from the stochastic models developed at −40 °C, −20 °C, 0 °C, +40 °C, and +60 °C. The temperature dependence of the stochastic model is significant and should be considered at all times to obtain optimal navigation solution for MEMS-based INS/GPS integration.
The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate and repair dental structures.

OBJECTIVES Identification, characterization, and potential application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from human dental tissues. METHODS Dental pulp and periodontal ligament were obtained from normal human impacted third molars. The tissues were digested in collagenase/dispase to generate single cell suspensions. Cells were cultured in alpha-MEM supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM l-glutamine, 100 microM l-ascorbate-2-phosphate. Magnetic and fluorescence activated cell sorting were employed to characterize the phenotype of freshly isolated and ex vivo expanded cell populations. The developmental potential of cultured cells was assessed following co-transplantation with hydroxyapetite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) particles into immunocompromised mice for 8 weeks. RESULTS MSC were identified in adult human dental pulp (dental pulp stem cells, DPSC), human primary teeth (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, SHED), and periodontal ligament (periodontal ligament stem cells, PDLSC) by their capacity to generate clongenic cell clusters in culture. Ex vivo expanded DPSC, SHED, and PDLSC populations expressed a heterogeneous assortment of makers associated with MSC, dentin, bone, smooth muscle, neural tissue, and endothelium. PDLSC were also found to express the tendon specific marker, Scleraxis. Xenogeneic transplants containing HA/TCP with either DPSC or SHED generated donor-derived dentin-pulp-like tissues with distinct odontoblast layers lining the mineralized dentin-matrix. In parallel studies, PDLSC generated cementum-like structures associated with PDL-like connective tissue when transplanted with HA/TCP into immunocompromised mice. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data revealed the presence of distinct MSC populations associated with dental structures with the potential of stem cells to regenerate living human dental tissues in vivo.