Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cloud based dual-root trust model for secure mobile online transactions

With rapid growth of mobile devices and the emergency of mobile cloud services, it is a trend to use mobile devices for mobile-centric applications, and expand the mobile capabilities and provide needed security by mobile cloud services. However, due to the mobility of the device and the semitrust of the mobile cloud, how to build trust in the mobile applications is a big concern. In this paper, we propose a dual-root trust online transaction model that provides a dualroot trust model including both the user's mobile device and a delegation mobile cloud. We design a dual-root trust protocol by leveraging a modified CP-ABE cryptography and the trust execution environment embedded in a mobile device to provide device-specific transaction confirmations for online transactions initiated by the mobile user. The performance evaluation of the protocol demonstrates that it is a lightweight scheme for mobile devices since most cryptographic functions are delegated from users to the mobile cloud.
Multiple var2csa-Type PfEMP1 Genes Located at Different Chromosomal Loci Occur in Many Plasmodium falciparum Isolates

Background The var2csa gene encodes a Plasmodium falciparum adhesion receptor which binds chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). This var gene is more conserved than other PfEMP1/var genes and is found in all P. falciparum isolates. In isolates 3D7, FCR3/It4 and HB3, var2csa is transcribed from a sub-telomeric position on the left arm of chromosome 12, but it is not known if this location is conserved in all parasites. Genome sequencing indicates that the var2csa gene is duplicated in HB3, but whether this is true in natural populations is uncertain. Methodology/Principal Findings To assess global variation in the VAR2CSA protein, sequence variation in the DBL2X region of var2csa genes in 54 P.falciparum samples was analyzed. Chromosome mapping of var2csa loci was carried out and a quantitative PCR assay was developed to estimate the number of var2csa genes in P.falciparum isolates from the placenta of pregnant women and from the peripheral circulation of other malaria patients. Sequence analysis, gene mapping and copy number quantitation in P.falciparum isolates indicate that there are at least two loci and that both var2csa-like genes can be transcribed. All VAR2CSA DBL2X domains fall into one of two distinct phylogenetic groups possessing one or the other variant of a large (∼26 amino acid) dimorphic motif, but whether either motif variant is linked to a specific locus is not known. Conclusions/Significance Two or more related but distinct var2csa-type PfEMP1/var genes exist in many P. falciparum isolates. One gene is on chromosome 12 but additional var2csa-type genes are on different chromosomes in different isolates. Multiplicity of var2csa genes appears more common in infected placentae than in samples from non-pregnant donors indicating a possible advantage of this genotype in pregnancy associated malaria.
Cardiovascular Health Status and Incidence of Heart Failure in the Framingham Offspring Study

Background—The American Heart Association Cardiovascular Health (CVH) score is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease, but its relations to cardiac remodeling traits and heart failure (HF) incidence have not been examined. Methods and Results—A 14-point score was constructed for each participant based on the presence of poor, intermediate, or ideal status on each of the 7 CVH metrics (ideal score=14). We related the CVH score to echocardiographic traits cross-sectionally and to HF incidence prospectively in the Framingham Offspring Study. In age- and sex-adjusted models, a higher CVH score was associated with lower left ventricular (LV) mass, LV wall thickness, LV diastolic dimension, and left atrial dimension (P<0.01 for all; n=2392; mean age, 58 years; 56% women), and with a 12% to 15% lower odds of prevalent LV concentric remodeling and concentric hypertrophy, respectively (P<0.0001 for both). On follow-up (mean, 12.3 years), 188 incident HF events were observed in 3201 participants (mean age, 59 years; 53% women). In age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, the CVH score was inversely associated with HF incidence (hazard ratio per 1-point higher CVH score, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.83). This association was partially attenuated upon adjustment for LV mass and interim myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.93), and it was consistent for HF with preserved and reduced ejection fractions. Conclusions—In our community-based sample, comprised predominantly of middle-aged white individuals of European descent, better CVH was associated with lower HF incidence, in part due to a lower prevalence of adverse cardiac remodeling.
Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms on survival in advanced‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer

Polymorphisms have been identified in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene that may affect VEGF production. We hypothesized that such polymorphisms may correlate with survival outcomes among advanced‐stage non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We evaluated the association between VEGF polymorphisms and overall survival among patients with advanced NSCLC who were treated with at least one cytotoxic regimen at Kyoto University Hospital between 2003 and 2008. We investigated the following VEGF polymorphisms: –460T > C (rs833061), +405G > C (rs2010963), +936C > T (rs3025039), –1154G > A (rs1570360), and –2578C > A (rs699947). Analyses of genotype associations with survival outcomes were performed using Cox proportional models, Kaplan–Meier methods, and the log‐rank test. There were 126 patients and 80 deaths. On a Cox regression analysis of a current and former smoker (hazards ratio [HR], 1.422; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.111–1.859; P = 0.0046), poor performance status (PS) (HR, 2.524; 95% CI, 1.483–3.827; P = 0.0019), the VEGF –460CC genotype (HR, 1.719; 95% CI, 1.166–2.390; P = 0.0084), VEGF –1154AA and AG genotypes (HR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.144–1.897; P = 0.0034), and VEGF –2578AA genotype (HR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.219–2.495; P = 0.0047) had a significant prognostic effect on survival based on univariate analysis. Based on multivariate analysis of a current and former smoker (HR, 1.407; 95% CI, 1.095–1.840; P = 0.0070), poor PS (HR, 2.249; 95% CI, 1.309–3.468; P = 0.0058), and the VEGF –1154AA and AG genotypes (HR, 1.419; 95% CI, 1.033–1.901; P = 0.0316) were significant independent prognostic factors for survival. In this study, polymorphisms in VEGF may affect survival in advanced NSCLC. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1917–1922)
Behavioural activation for depression

A formal therapy for depression, behavioural activation focuses on activity scheduling to encourage patients to approach activities that they are avoiding and on analysing the function of cognitive processes (e.g. rumination) that serve as a form of avoidance. Patients are thus refocused on their goals and valued directions in life. The main advantage of behavioural activation over traditional cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression is that it may be easier to train staff in it and it can be used in both in-patient and out-patient settings. This article describes the theory and rationale of behavioural activation, its evidence base and how to develop a formulation that guides the strategy.
Evaluating road selectivity of urban-trip based on dynamic betweenness centrality

Improving both of the efficiency and reasonableness of path query are the key aspects in public travel information service research. Hierarchical spatial reasoning can solve the efficiency problem, but it cannot guarantee the reasonableness. As we know, road travel efficiency varies at different positions in the urban road network and the reasonableness of path query has close relation to the road selectivity. Since static road evaluation methods used in the past are not suitable in public travel information service, we propose an approach to evaluate road selectivity based on the betweenness centrality calculation in graph theory. By using this approach, we estimate the urban road travel efficiency in dynamic urban road environment that can reveal the traffic smoothness and connectivity at different time windows. The empirical results show that this approach can overcome the limitation caused by data boundaries. Besides, the hierarchical characteristics presented by selectivity evaluation results can be used as a hierarchical criterion in the hierarchical spatial reasoning (HSR) algorithm to improve the reasonableness of the path query result.
Activation of Proinflammatory Responses in Cells of the Airway Mucosa by Particulate Matter: Oxidant- and Non-Oxidant-Mediated Triggering Mechanisms

Inflammation is considered to play a central role in a diverse range of disease outcomes associated with exposure to various types of inhalable particulates. The initial mechanisms through which particles trigger cellular responses leading to activation of inflammatory responses are crucial to clarify in order to understand what physico-chemical characteristics govern the inflammogenic activity of particulate matter and why some particles are more harmful than others. Recent research suggests that molecular triggering mechanisms involved in activation of proinflammatory genes and onset of inflammatory reactions by particles or soluble particle components can be categorized into direct formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with subsequent oxidative stress, interaction with the lipid layer of cellular membranes, activation of cell surface receptors, and direct interactions with intracellular molecular targets. The present review focuses on the immediate effects and responses in cells exposed to particles and central down-stream signaling mechanisms involved in regulation of proinflammatory genes, with special emphasis on the role of oxidant and non-oxidant triggering mechanisms. Importantly, ROS act as a central second-messenger in a variety of signaling pathways. Even non-oxidant mediated triggering mechanisms are therefore also likely to activate downstream redox-regulated events.
Exercise, Not to Exercise, or How to Exercise in Patients With Chronic Pain? Applying Science to Practice

Background:Exercise is an effective treatment strategy in various chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders, including chronic neck pain, osteoarthritis, headache, fibromyalgia and chronic low back pain. Although exercise can benefit those with chronic pain (CP), some patients (eg, those with fibromyalgia, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and chronic whiplash associated disorders) encounter exercise as a pain inducing stimulus and report symptom flares due to exercise. Objectives:This paper focuses on the clinical benefits and detrimental effects of exercise in patients with CP. It summarizes the positive and negative effects of exercise therapy in migraine and tension-type headache and provides an overview of the scientific evidence of dysfunctional endogenous analgesia during exercise in patients with certain types of CP. Further, the paper explains the relationship between exercise and recovery highlighting the need to address recovery strategies as well as exercise regimes in the rehabilitation of these patients. The characteristics, demands and strategies of adequate recovery to compensate stress from exercise and return to homeostatic balance will be described. Methods:narrative review. Results:Exercise is shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic tension-type headache and migraine. Aerobic exercise is the best option in migraine prophylaxis, whereas specific neck and shoulder exercises is a better choice in treating chronic tension-type headache. Besides the consensus that exercise therapy is beneficial in the treatment of CP, the lack of endogenous analgesia in some CP disorders should not be ignored. Clinicians should account for this when treating CP patients. Furthermore, optimizing the balance between exercise and recovery is of crucial merit in order to avoid stress-related detrimental effects and achieve optimal functioning in patients with CP. Conclusion:Exercise therapy has found to be beneficial in CP, but it should be appropriately and individually tailored with emphasis on prevention of symptom flares and applying adequate recovery strategies.
UNIFORMITY OF SATURATED SAND SPECIMENS

METHODS FOR CHECKING THE UNIFORMITY OF SATURATED SAND SPECIMENS DURING THEIR PREPARATION AND AT VARIOUS STAGES OF CYCLIC LOADING TRIAXIAL, SIMPLE SHEAR, AND SHAKE TABLE LIQUEFACTION TESTS ARE PRESENTED. THESE METHODS INVOLVE THE USE OF A GELATIN SOLUTION TO SOLIDIFY THE SPECIMEN SO THAT IT CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE TEST APPARATUS FOR DETERMINATION OF THE VOID RATIO DISTRIBUTION. A SOIL STRAIN APPARATUS WAS ALSO USED TO MONITOR THE DEFORMATIONS INDUCED WITHIN THE LARGE SHAKE TABLE SPECIMENS DURING TESTING. THE PREPARATION METHODS ADOPTED FOR THE LIQUEFACTION TESTS RESULTED IN THE PRODUCTION OF UNIFORM TEST SPECIMENS. HOWEVER, CHANGES IN THE SPECIMENS VOID RATIO DISTRIBUTION DURING A CYCLIC LOADING LIQUEFACTION TEST CAN RESULT IN THE FORMATION OF A NONUNIFORM SPECIMEN WITH A LOOSE TOP LAYER. SUCH LOOSE ZONES CAN LEAD TO A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE RESISTANCE TO LIQUEFACTION OF SATURATED SANDS. /AUTHOR/
Mobile Robot Exploration in Indoor Environment Using Topological Structure with Invisible Barcode

This paper addresses the localization and navigation problem using invisible two dimensional barcodes on the floor. Compared with other methods using natural/artificial landmark, the proposed localization method has great advantages in cost and appearance, since the location of the robot is perfectly known using the barcode information after the mapping is finished. We also propose a navigation algorithm which uses the topological structure. For the topological information, we define nodes and edges which are suitable for indoor navigation, especially for large area having multiple rooms, many walls and many static obstacles. The proposed algorithm also has an advantage that errors occurred in each node are mutually independent and can be compensated exactly after some navigation using barcode. Simulation and experimental results were performed to verify the algorithm in the barcode environment, and the result showed an excellent performance. After mapping, it is also possible to solve the kidnapped case and generate paths using topological information
Can We Explain Inflation Persistence in a Way that Is Consistent with the Microevidence on Nominal Rigidity

This paper adopts the impulse-response methodology to understand inflation persistence. It has often been argued that existing models of pricing fail to explain the persistence that we observe. We adopt a common general framework that allows for an explicit modeling of the distribution of contract lengths and for different types of price setting. We also evaluate how far the theories are consistent with recent evidence on price and wage rigidity. We find that allowing for a distribution of durations can take us a long way to solving the puzzle of inflation persistence, but not all the way yet. Copyright (c) 2010 The Ohio State University.
Prediction the number of blastomere in time-lapse embryo using Conditional Random Field (CRF) method based on Bag of Visual Words (BoVW)

In vitro fertilization technology is used to help couples get children. During the development of IVF, embryological will observe the process of cleavage embryo until it is determined which gives the highest probability to produce a pregnancy. During this division process, the observation is done manually by embryological which produce subjective assessment of an embryo and vulnerable reduced quality embryos. Embryo quality is reduced due to the observation carried out outside a developed embryo. In addition to the number of embryos that increasingly divide and have a morphology that are difficult to observe, these judgements are prone to error than the embryological own. This research proposed a method to predict the number of blastameres of the embryo time-lapse using Conditional Random Field (CRF) based on Bag of Visual Words (BoVW). BoVW approach is used to represent data with the purpose of solving the problem of subjectivity embryological votes. The data used for the experiment is the data of the human embryo from the hospital Cipto Mangun Kusumo (RSCM) and data from mouse embryos. Data embryos RSCM has more variations than data in mouse embryo. Based on the experimental results, the use of BoVW able to overcome the problem of subjectivity embryological votes with an accuracy of¿ 80%. Besides the experimental results with the proposed method uses data embryos RSCM which difficulty level is higher than the data from moose embryos, they were able to identify with both the average accuracy of 96.79%.
Application of Takagi-Sugeno observers for state estimation in a quadrotor

In this paper, the validity of Takagi-Sugeno observers to estimate the angular positions and speeds in the experimental platform of a quadrotor will be assessed. Takagi-Sugeno observers are compared to observers based on the linearized model designed with the same optimization criteria and design parameters. Experimental results confirm that Takagi-Sugeno models and observers behave similarly to linear ones around the linearization point, and have a better performance over a larger operating range.
Application of new low toxic monomers in gelcasting process of alumina powder

The key role in the gelcasting process is played by suitable selection of an organic monomer, which should be able to provide high mechanical strength of the gelled part. Monomers commercially available, e.g. acrylamide, present a lot of disadvantages, such as high toxicy and harmful effect on the environment or they must be used together with an additional cross-linking agent. For these reasons new low toxic, water soluble, environmentally friendly acrylic monomers based on saccharides and glycerol monoacrylate have been synthesized recently and their application in gelcasting process of alumina powder has been studied. They do not need the external cross-linking agent and they provide good mechanical strength and high density of the products.
Optimal design of energy-efficient millimeter wave hybrid transceivers for wireless backhaul

This work analyzes a mmWave single-cell network, which comprises a macro base station (BS) and an overlaid tier of small-cell BSs using a wireless backhaul for data traffic. We look for the optimal number of antennas at both BS and small-cell BSs that maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the system when a hybrid transceiver architecture is employed. Closed-form expressions for the EE-optimal values of the number of antennas are derived that provide valuable insights into the interplay between the optimization variables and hardware characteristics. Numerical and analytical results show that the maximal EE is achieved by a ‘close-to’ fully-digital system wherein the number of BS antennas is approximately equal to the number of served small cells.
Design and Evaluation of a Virtual Experimental Environment for Distributed Systems

Between simulation and experiments on real-scale testbeds, the combined use of emulation and virtualization provide a useful alternative for performing experiments on distributed systems such as clusters, grids, cloud computing or P2P systems. In this paper, we present Distem, a software tool to build distributed virtual experimental environments. Using an homogeneous set of nodes, Distem emulates a platform composed of heterogeneous nodes (in terms of number and performance of CPU cores), connected to a virtual network described using a realistic topology model. Distem relies on LXC (Linux Containers), a low-overhead container-based virtualization solution, to achieve scalability and enable experiments with thousands of virtual nodes. Distem provides a set of user interfaces to accommodate different needs (command-line for interactive use, Ruby and REST APIs), is freely available and well documented. After a detailed description of Distem, we perform an experimental evaluation of several of its features.
Modelling the restoration of activity in a biological neural network

Understanding the mechanisms of restoration of activity in biological neural systems following exposure to damage is key for design of future neuro-prosthetic devices and restorative treatments. The pyloric rhythm network within the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion is a biological neural system that shows spontaneous restoration of activity following the stopping of inputs from higher control ganglia. We model the restoration of the activity in this network using conductance-based models of neurons and the alteration of conductance parameters of the model. Our analysis shows that this approach works only if some of the conductance values remain constrained following the stopping of higher inputs. Our model also shows that in order to model the restoration of the activity in this network it is not necessary to rely on complicated alterations of the mechanisms of Calcium ionic currents in the model, which was proposed previously.
Mars Exploration Rover Landing Site Boulder Fields

As an aid in constraining the rock size-frequency distributions at the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) landing sites, Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images of all potential MER landing sites were systematically searched for boulder fields. Low-Sun angle MOC images can be used to identify boulders larger than 1.5 m diameter, which can be used to determine the shape of the rock size-frequency distributions. These distributions can be compared with the rock size-frequency distributions measured at the Viking and Mars Pathfinder landing sites to better quantify potentially hazardous rocks at the MER landing sites.
Finite Element Modelling of Composite Materials and Structures

Part 1 Review of composite materials: Overview Fundamentals of composites. Part 2 Fundamentals of finite element analysis. Part 3 Finite elements applied to composite materials: Composites and finite element analysis Definition of composite materials in finite element analysis. Part 4 Analytical and numerical modelling: Interlaminar stresses and free edge stresses Fracture and fracture mechanics Delamination Joining Fatigue.