Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microsoft Word-100710.docx

Phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) can activate three major transcription factors (TFs): PGC1α, CREB, and FOXO [1]. Expression of the genes downstream to these three TFs was used to quantify the activity of AMPK. HIF-1 is a transcription factor, and its downstream genes are chosen to evaluate its activity. The downstream genes chosen for AMPK and HIF-1 are listed below. The detailed procedure to obtain these genes can be found in [2]. AMPK downstream gene list (33 genes): ACADL, ACADM, ACOX1, ACSL1, ACSL5, ANGPTL4, APOC3, APOE, CAT, CPT1A, CPT2, CYP27A1, CYP4A11, CYP7A1, EHHADH, FOXA2, G6PC, GADD45A, GADD45G, HNF4A, ONECUT2, PCK1, PCK2, PDK4, TOB1, CCND2, DNMT1, G6PC3, MMP9, PRMT1, RUVBL1, ATF4, BAX. HIF-1 downstream gene list (23 genes): ALDOA, BHLHE40, CA9, CCNB1, DDIT4, EGLN3, EPRS, ETS1, IVNS1ABP, KDM3A, MECOM, MXD1, PGK1, SERPINE1, SSRP1, STC2, TFRC, TGFB3, TMEFF1, TMEM45A, VEGFA, ALDH4A1, BNIP3.
Differential eicosapentaenoic acid elevations and altered cardiovascular disease risk factor responses after supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy.

BACKGROUND Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has triacylglycerol-lowering potential and undergoes in vivo retroconversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in humans. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) influences circulating lipid concentrations and fatty acid metabolism. DHA supplementation has not been studied in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of supplementation with DHA (free of EPA) on the resulting elevation in EPA and on selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. DESIGN Women receiving (n = 18) and not receiving (n = 14) HRT completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial with a DHA supplement (2.8 g DHA/d). A washout period of > or =6 wk divided the two 28-d intervention periods. Fasting blood samples were collected for analysis. RESULTS In all women, DHA supplementation was associated with significant changes (P < 0.05), including 20% lower serum triacylglycerol concentrations, 8% higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations, a 28% lower overall ratio of serum triacylglycerol to HDL cholesterol, and a 7% decrease in resting heart rate. DHA supplementation resulted in a 45% lower net increase (P = 0.02) in EPA and a 42% lower (P = 0.0028) estimated percentage retroconversion of DHA to EPA [DeltaEPA/(DeltaEPA + DeltaDHA) x 100] in women receiving than in those not receiving HRT. CONCLUSION With DHA supplementation, the accumulation of EPA in serum phospholipids is significantly attenuated in postmenopausal women receiving HRT compared with that in women not receiving HRT. DHA supplementation can also favorably influence selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women.
Effect of sex and genotype on cardiovascular biomarker response to fish oils: the FINGEN Study.

BACKGROUND The lipid-modulatory effects of high intakes of the fish-oil fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are well established and likely to contribute to cardioprotective benefits. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of moderate EPA and DHA intakes (<2 g EPA+DHA/d) on the plasma fatty acid profile, lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, lipoprotein subclass distribution, and markers of oxidative status. We also aimed to examine the effect of age, sex, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on the observed responses. DESIGN Three hundred twelve adults aged 20-70 y, who were prospectively recruited according to age, sex, and APOE genotype, completed a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Participants consumed control oil, 0.7 g EPA+DHA/d (0.7FO), and 1.8 g EPA+DHA/d (1.8FO) capsules in random order, each for an 8-wk intervention period, separated by 12-wk washout periods. RESULTS In the group as a whole, 8% and 11% lower plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were evident after 0.7FO and 1.8FO, respectively (P < 0.001): significant sex x treatment (P = 0.038) and sex x genotype x treatment (P = 0.032) interactions were observed, and the greatest triacylglycerol-lowering responses (reductions of 15% and 23% after 0.7FO and 1.8FO, respectively) were evident in APOE4 men. Furthermore, lower VLDL-cholesterol (P = 0.026) and higher LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.010), HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001), and HDL2 (P < 0.001) concentrations were evident after fish-oil intervention. CONCLUSIONS Supplements providing EPA+DHA at doses as low as 0.7 g/d have a significant effect on the plasma lipid profile. The results of the current trial, which used a prospective recruitment approach to examine the responses in population subgroups, are indicative of a greater triacylglycerol-lowering action of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in males than in females.
Non‐vanishing of the symmetric square L‐function at the central point

Using the mollifier method, we show that, for a positive proportion of holomorphic Hecke eigenforms of level one and weight bounded by a large enough constant, the associated symmetric square L‐function does not vanish at the central point of its critical strip. We note that our proportion is the same as that found by other authors for other families of L‐functions also having symplectic symmetry type.
Characterization of Na+/[Formula: see text]cotransporter isoform NBC-3.

Na+-[Formula: see text]cotransporters mediate the transport of[Formula: see text] into or out of the cell. Two Na+-[Formula: see text]cotransporters (NBC) have been identified previously, which are referred to as NBC-1 and NBC-2. A cDNA library from uninduced human NT-2 cells was screened with an NBC-2 cDNA probe. Several clones were identified and isolated. Sequence analysis of these clones identified a partial coding region (2 kb) of a novel NBC (called here NBC-3), which showed 53% and 72% identity with NBC-1 and NBC-2, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed that NBC-3 encodes a 4.4-kb mRNA with a tissue distribution pattern distinct from NBC-1 and NBC-2. NBC-3 is highly expressed in brain and spinal column, with moderate levels in trachea, thyroid, and kidney. In contrast with NBC-1, NBC-3 shows low levels of expression in pancreas and kidney cortex. In the kidney, NBC-3 expression is predominantly limited to the medulla. Cultured mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3) cells showed high levels of NBC-1 and low levels of NBC-3 mRNA expression. Subjecting the mutagenized mIMCD-3 cells to sublethal acid stress decreased the mRNA expression of NBC-1 by ∼90% but increased the Na+-dependent[Formula: see text] cotransport activity by ∼7-fold (as assayed by DIDS-sensitive, Na+-dependent,[Formula: see text]-mediated intracellular pH recovery). This increase was associated with ∼5.5-fold enhancement of NBC-3 mRNA levels. NBC showed significant affinity for Li+ in the mutant but not the parent mIMCD-3 cells. On the basis of the widespread distribution of NBC-3, we propose that this isoform is likely involved in cell pH regulation by transporting [Formula: see text] from blood to the cell. We further propose that enhanced expression of NBC-3 in severe acid stress could play an important role in cell survival by mediating the influx of [Formula: see text] into the cells.
DEVS Unified Process for Web-Centric Development and Testing of System of Systems

Abstract : A critical aspect and differentiator of a System of Systems (SoS) versus a single monolithic system is interoperability among the constituent disparate systems. A major application of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to SoS Engineering is to facilitate system integration in a manner that helps to cope with such interoperability problems. A case in point is the integration infrastructure offered by the DoD Global Information Grid (GIG) and its Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). In this paper, we discuss a process called DEVS Unified Process (DUNIP) that uses the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism as a basis for integrated system engineering and testing called the Bifurcated Model-Continuity lifecycle development methodology. DUNIP uses an XML-based DEVS Modeling Language (DEVSML) framework that provides the capability to compose models that may be expressed in a variety of DEVS implementation languages. The models are deployable for remote and distributed real-time executing agents over the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) middleware. We also compare DUNIP with the Model Driven Architecture (MDA) paradigm and provide overview of various projects that led to the formulation of DUNIP.
Upper Limb Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens Secondary to Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia: A Case Study

Introduction: Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (PCD) is a rare pathology with a very high morbidity and mortality rate, which usually occurs in the lower limb. There is very little literature available to aid management. Case Report: We present a case of upper limb PCD in a 67-year-old female secondary to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia caused by warfarin bridging. She presented to the orthopedic team with upper limb compartment syndrome from a bleed around a peripherally inserted central catheter, for which she was urgently taken to the theater for fasciotomies. Postoperatively, the patient’s platelets dropped and the upper limb pain and swelling continued; after conservative management and anticoagulation failed the patient had an upper limb amputation of her right arm. Conclusion: With limited guidelines and management options restricted by the large fasciotomy wounds, we believe amputation was the patients’ best option.
IV. Determinants of nitric oxide protection and toxicity in liver.

Whereas nitric oxide (NO) produced by constitutive endothelial NO synthase is protective to the liver, NO produced by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) can be either toxic or protective depending on the conditions. The availability of selective iNOS inhibitors and mice lacking various NOS isoforms made it possible to begin to elucidate the precise roles of NO in the liver. Under conditions of redox stress, induced NO contributes to hepatic damage. However, in acute inflammatory conditions associated with cytokine exposure, NO acts as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in the liver. Our current understanding of the mechanisms by which NO exerts both hepatoprotective and hepatotoxic actions is discussed in this themes article.
The Circadian Rhythm–Related MTNR1B Genotype, Gestational Weight Gain, and Postpartum Glycemic Changes

Context Disturbed circadian rhythms and sleep quality during pregnancy have been related to gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which affect postpartum glucose metabolism and future risk of type 2 diabetes. Objective We assessed whether the circadian rhythm-related melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) genotype was associated with 1 to 5 years of postpartum glycemic changes among women with a history of GDM and whether gestational weight gain modified such associations. Design, Settings, and Participants The established circadian rhythm-associated MTNR1B genetic variant (rs10830963) was genotyped in 1025 Chinese women with a history of GDM. Body weight and glycemic traits, during and after pregnancy, were longitudinally collected. Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measure was postpartum glycemic changes. Results We found that women carrying different MTNR1B genotypes showed distinct postpartum changes in 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test: 0.36, 0.20, and -0.19 mM per additional copy of the shorter sleep duration-related G allele in women with inadequate, adequate, and excessive gestational weight gain, respectively (for interaction, P = 0.028). The corresponding changes in fasting glucose were 0.14, 0.13, and 0.01 mM, although the modification effect of gestational weight gain on the genetic association was marginally significant (for interaction, P = 0.067). Conclusions Our findings suggest that gestational weight gain may modify the circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B genetic variant on long-term glycemic changes, highlighting the significance of gestational weight management in diabetes prevention among women with GDM.
Prediction of tungsten tensile strength with artificial BP neural network method

In this paper,the tension experimental data of tungsten alloy were processed by BP Neural Network method,including the influences of the W content and deformation magnitude on the tensile strength.Thus two relation curves were drawn,which illustrated the relation between deformation magnitude and material tensile strength when W contents were changed,and the relation between W contents and material tensile strength in the case of different deformation magnitude.It is shown that BP Neural Network may be used to predict the trend of tensile strength of WHA with the changes of shapes and volume fractions of w-phase.
Dielectric properties of Ba_1-xSr_xZrO_3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoceramics developed by citrate precursor route

Nanosized oxides of barium strontium zirconate of general formula Ba_1- x Sr_xZrO_3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been prepared over the entire range of x for the first time by polymeric precursor route using citric acid and ethylene glycol. These solid solutions were investigated by means of powder x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area studies. X-ray diffraction studies reveal the monophasic nature of the powders at 1000 °C. The grain size was found to be in the range of 17–52 nm for all the oxides at 1000 °C. Specific surface area of these solid solutions comes out to be in the range of 49.1–94.4 m^2/g. Smallest particle size with highest surface area has been achieved for x = 0.25 and comes out to be 17 nm and 94.4 m^2/g respectively. Dielectric constant (ε) and dissipation factor (D) were investigated as a function of frequency and temperature. The room temperature dielectric constant of Ba_1- x Sr_xZrO_3 was found to be maximum 105 for x = 0.20 at 1 MHz.
Parenteral nutrition results in impaired lactose digestion and hexose absorption when enteral feeding is initiated in infant pigs.

BACKGROUND Preterm infants often receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN) before enteral feeding. Although TPN has been linked to mucosal atrophy, its effects on intestinal digestion, absorption, and metabolism are unknown. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the effects of TPN on rates of intestinal nutrient absorption and metabolism in infant pigs after initiation of enteral feeding. DESIGN Piglets were surgically implanted with catheters in the carotid artery, jugular vein, portal vein, and duodenum; an ultrasonic blood flow probe was inserted in the portal vein. Piglets were given TPN (TPN group) or enterally fed formula (enteral group) for 6 d. On day 7, both groups were enterally fed a milk-based formula, and the net portal absorption and metabolism of enteral [(2)H]glucose and [(13)C]leucine were measured. RESULTS After enteral feeding began, portal blood flow increased by 27% and 41% above the basal rate in the enteral and TPN groups, respectively; oxygen consumption remained lower in the TPN group. During enteral feeding, the net portal absorption of glucose was lower in the TPN group and that of galactose was not significantly different between the groups; lactate release was higher in the TPN group. Portal absorption accounted for only approximately 37% of galactose intake in both groups. The TPN group had lower net portal absorption of arginine, lysine, threonine, and glycine. The portal absorption of dietary leucine was not significantly different between the groups; the arterial utilization and oxidation of leucine were significantly lower in the TPN group. CONCLUSION Short-term TPN results in decreased lactose digestion and hexose absorption and increased intestinal utilization of key essential amino acids when enteral feeding is initiated in piglets.
Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.

BACKGROUND Recent reports of rickets among African American children drew attention to the vitamin D status of these infants and their mothers. African American women are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency than are white women, but few studies have examined determinants of hypovitaminosis D in this population. OBJECTIVE We examined the prevalence and determinants of hypovitaminosis D among African American and white women of reproductive age. DESIGN We examined 1546 African American women and 1426 white women aged 15-49 y who were not pregnant and who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Hypovitaminosis D was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration < or =37.5 nmol/L. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the independent association of dietary, demographic, and behavioral determinants of hypovitaminosis D. RESULTS The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 42.4 +/- 3.1% ( +/- SE) among African Americans and 4.2 +/- 0.7% among whites. Among African Americans, hypovitaminosis D was independently associated with consumption of milk or breakfast cereal <3 times/wk, no use of vitamin D supplements, season, urban residence, low body mass index, and no use of oral contraceptives. Even among 243 African Americans who consumed the adequate intake of vitamin D from supplements (200 IU/d), 28.2 +/- 2.7% had hypovitaminosis D. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among African American women warrants further examination of vitamin D recommendations for these women. The determinants of hypovitaminosis D among women should be considered when these women are advised on dietary intake and supplement use.
MODEL-BASED ELASTIC TENDON CONTROL FOR ELECTRICALLY ACTUATED MUSCULOSKELETAL BIPEDS

Human-inspired musculoskeletal design of bipedal robots o ers great potential towards enhanced dynamic and energy-e cient locomotion but imposes also major challenges on their control. In this paper we present an analytical model-based controller that takes into account the system's complex musculoskeletal actuation dynamics in order to fully exploit the intrinsic dynamics. The e ectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated for hopping-in-place motions on the simulation model of the BioBiped1 robot, a human-inspired musculoskeletal biped featuring a highly compliant tendon-driven actuation system.
Molecular Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of adult death in the Asia-Pacific Region, including Indonesia. As an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), TB remains a major public health issue especially in developing nations due to the lack of adequate diagnostic testing facilities. Diagnosis of TB has entered an era of molecular detection that provides faster and more cost-effective methods to diagnose and confirm drug resistance in TB cases, meanwhile, diagnosis by conventional culture systems requires several weeks. New advances in the molecular detection of TB, including the faster and simpler nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), have resulted in a shorter time for diagnosis and, therefore, faster TB treatments. In this review, we explored the current findings on molecular diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant TB to see how this advancement could be integrated into public health systems in order to control TB.
Incorporation of deuterated RRR- or all-rac-alpha-tocopherol in plasma and tissues of alpha-tocopherol transfer protein--null mice.

BACKGROUND Most vitamin E supplements contain synthetic all-rac-alpha-tocopherol [2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2RS-(4'RS,8'RS,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol] with 8 stereoisomers; only 1 is identical to the natural stereoisomer, RRR-alpha-tocopherol [2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2R-(4'R,8'R,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol]. In humans, 2R-alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers are preferentially maintained in the plasma, a function that has been attributed to hepatic alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP), but this hypothesis has not been tested. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the functions of alpha-TTP by comparing mice that express alpha-TTP with mice that are genetically unable to express alpha-TTP. DESIGN Adult alpha-TTP null (Ttpa(-/-); n = 5), heterozygous (Ttpa(+/-); n = 7), and wild-type (Ttpa(+/+); n = 3) mice consumed equimolar RRR-alpha-[5,7-(C(2)H(3))(2)]-(d(6))- and all-rac-alpha-[5-(C(2)H(3))]-(d(3))-tocopheryl acetates (30 mg/kg diet each) for 3 mo. Subsequently, we measured labeled and unlabeled alpha-tocopherols in plasma and 17 tissues. RESULTS In all mice, plasma and tissue d(6)- + d(3)-alpha-tocopherols represented approximate 80-90% of total alpha-tocopherol. In the Ttpa(-/-) mice, low total alpha-tocopherol concentrations were found in plasma (5.4%) and most other tissues (2-20%), but liver concentrations were 39% of those of Ttpa(+/+) mice. Peripheral tissue ratios of d(6)- to d(3)-alpha-tocopherol were 1.1 plus minus 0.1 and 1.8 plus minus 0.2 in Ttpa(-/-) and Ttpa(+/+) mice, respectively (P < 0.0001), showing that alpha-TTP preferentially selects 2R-alpha-tocopherols for secretion into plasma. This 2:1 ratio does not support the currently defined international unit of 1.36:1 RRR-alpha-tocopherol to all-rac-alpha-tocopherol. CONCLUSION Deletion of the alpha-TTP gene in mice results in an accumulation of dietary alpha-tocopherol in the liver and depletion of peripheral tissue alpha-tocopherol.
Codon usage bias and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial ND1 gene in pisces, aves, and mammals

Abstract The mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 1 (MT-ND1) gene is a subunit of the respiratory chain complex I and involved in the first step of the electron transport chain of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). To understand the pattern of compositional properties, codon usage and expression level of mitochondrial ND1 genes in pisces, aves, and mammals, we used bioinformatic approaches as no work was reported earlier. In this study, a perl script was used for calculating nucleotide contents and different codon usage bias parameters. The codon usage bias of MT-ND1 was low but the expression level was high as revealed from high ENC and CAI value. Correspondence analysis (COA) suggests that the pattern of codon usage for MT-ND1 gene is not same across species and that compositional constraint played an important role in codon usage pattern of this gene among pisces, aves, and mammals. From the regression equation of GC12 on GC3, it can be inferred that the natural selection might have played a dominant role while mutation pressure played a minor role in influencing the codon usage patterns. Further, ND1 gene has a discrepancy with cytochrome B (CYB) gene in preference of codons as evident from COA. The codon usage bias was low. It is influenced by nucleotide composition, natural selection, mutation pressure, length (number) of amino acids, and relative dinucleotide composition. This study helps in understanding the molecular biology, genetics, evolution of MT-ND1 gene, and also for designing a synthetic gene.