Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Representation in Elite Newspapers

person elected “State Teacher of the Year” to an inside page. (Evaluate the editor’s action.) Decision to publish official’s article on Op-Ed page. A government official believes an article about him or her was misleading. The editor agrees to publish an article by the official on the “Op-Ed” page. (Evaluate the editor’s action.) Decision to tell official to write a letter to the editor. Same as above but the editor tells the official to write a letter to the editor. (Evaluate the editor’s action.) Failure to’respond to complaint about wedding announcements. A group of women complain about the paper’s new policy limiting wedding announcements. The editor does not re-evaluate the policy concerning weddings. (Evaluate the editor’s action.) Failure to respond to complaint about minority coverage. A group of blacks complain that blacks are portrayed only as criminals. The group requests increased coverage of the black community. The editor does not reevaluate the paper’s coverage of blacks. (Evaluate the editor’s action.) Hiring of black reporter instead of a more experienced white applicant. To increase minority employment on the staff, an editor hires a black reporter over a white reporter who has slightly more working experience. (Evaluate the editor’s action.)
Counteracting DDoS attacks in multiple ISP domains using routing arbiter architecture

Today Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are causing major threat to perform online business over the Internet. Our previous work proposed an automated model with a new packet marking technique and agent design to counteract DDoS within a single ISP domain. Our approach has many features that are required to minimize the DDoS attacks. For example, our model is invoked only during attack times, identifies the approximate source of attack with a single packet even in case of spoofed source address, identifies different attack signatures for different attacking sources, prevents the attack nearest to the attacking source, has very fast response for any changes in attack traffic pattern, is simple in its implementation and can be incrementally deployed. Though the proposed model has several advantages, prevention of the attack is limited to a single ISP domain. In this paper we extend our model to prevent DDoS attacks in multiple ISP domains by retaining all the advantages achieved in our previous work. We also propose a practical implementation of the extended model with a presently working architecture.
The effect of gaze direction on the different components of visuo-spatial short-term memory

Cerebral asymmetries and cortical regions associated with the upper and lower visual field were investigated using shifts of gaze. Earlier research suggests that gaze shifts to the left or right increase activation of specific areas of the contralateral hemisphere. We asked whether looking at one quadrant of the visual field facilitates the recall in various visuo-spatial tasks. The different components of visuo-spatial memory were investigated by probing memory for a stimulus matrix in each quadrant of the screen. First, memory for visual images or patterns was probed with a matrix of squares that was simultaneously presented and had to be reconstructed by mouse click. Better memory performance was found in the upper left quadrant compared to the three other quadrants indicating that both laterality and elevation are important. Second, positional memory was probed by subsequently presenting squares which prevented the formation of a visual image. Again, we found that gaze to the upper left facilitated performance. Third, memory for object-location binding was probed by asking observers to associate objects to particular locations. Higher performance was found with gaze directed to the lower quadrants irrespective of lateralization, confirming that only some components of visual short-term memory have shared neural substrates.
Access control with uncertain surveillance

We present a variant of the access control matrix model obtained by incorporating uncertain surveillance saying that "if subject s performs illegally action a on object o then the degree of likelihood that remains unpunished is equal to x". We then turn to the question whether the expressive power of the matrix model grows when enriching access control with uncertain surveillance. In connection with this enriched model, we also discuss the solvable and unsolvable cases of the major theme of computer security, namely the safety problem for access control matrices.
Análise de Stakeholders Aplicada em Órgãos Públicos: o caso da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo do Paraná

DOI: 10.5007/2175-8077.2011v13n31p81 O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar a atuacao dos stakeholders no desenvolvimento de atividades estrategicas da Secretaria de Estado do Turismo do Parana - Setu, verificados sob a optica da teoria do stakeholders. Para tanto realizou-se ainda uma revisao acerca da teoria dos stakeholders descrevendo sua evolucao conceitual e modelos de analise utilizados. Em relacao ao delineamento da pesquisa tem-se que a mesma se caracteriza pela aplicacao de uma pesquisa exploratoria, qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de um estudo de caso unico, representado pelo orgao estadual de turismo do Parana – Setu. No que tange a quem sao os stakeholders da Setu verificou-se que aqueles que possuem maior relevância foram identificados uma listagem com 8 instituicoes pertencentes ao Conselho Consultivo do Turismo do Parana. Conclui-se que a atuacao dos stakeholders junto a definicao das politicas e estrategias da Setu ocorre via Conselho Consultivo o Turismo e suas cinco Câmaras Tematicas. Foi verificado ainda que muitos do membros do Conselho ainda possuem baixa participacao nestes orgaos colegiados, porem ha uma evolucao de sua participacao desde a sua criacao no ano de 2003.
The Promise of Democratic Pacification: An Empirical Assessment

Democracy and democratization have long been heralded as resolutions to coercive governance, but there are at least two ways in which they can influence state repressive activity. In one, both killing and restriction are reduced (i.e., behavior is “pacified”); in another, killing is diminished while political restrictions are continued (i.e., behavior is “tamed”). Much research has explored the first possibility, but none has addressed the second. Examining 137 countries from 1976 to 1996, I find that democracy generally pacifies state repression and that democratization tends to increase both forms of repressive behavior—especially political restrictions, which provides support for the taming argument. However, the impact of both variables is occasionally minimal, when compared against domestic and international conflict. Therefore, while one may look to democracy as a resolution to repression, it is clear that individuals must also consider the overarching political context when assessing relationships.
Mirrors and Windows: Sociocultural Studies of Human-Animal Relationships

▪ Abstract Humans' relationships with animals, increasingly the subject of controversy, have long been of interest to those whose primary aim has been the better understanding of humans' relationships with other humans. Since this topic was last reviewed here, human-animal relationships have undergone considerable reexamination, reflecting key trends in the history of social analysis, including concerns with connections between anthropology and colonialism and with the construction of race, class, and gender identities. There have been many attempts to integrate structuralist or symbolic approaches with those focused on environmental, political, and economic dimensions. Human-animal relationships are now much more likely to be considered in dynamic terms, and consequently, there has been much interdisciplinary exchange between anthropologists and historians. Some research directly engages moral and political concerns about animals, but it is likely that sociocultural research on human-animal relationships.
A Survey of Microkernel Operating Systems

Introduction In a traditional, monolithic operating system, the kernel provides all the services to the application programs. As the demands on the operating system grow, the kernel becomes larger and more complex. The microkernel approach solves the problem by providing a minimal set of services allowing traditional operating system services to be provided by special server processes executing in ÒuserÓ space. This separation of kernel and server allows protection within the operating system itself, which becomes more important as operating systems provide a greater variety of services. A server fault does not bring down the system, only the faulting server, which can be restarted immediately. The microkernel approach also allows different operating systems to coexist, running on top of the microkernel. MicrosoftÕs Windows NT operating system [9], for example, supports both OS/2 and POSIX operating system interfaces. Thus, applications with different needs may use the operating system best suited to them. This modularity also allows the operating system to be easily distributed by locating the servers on different computing nodes, provided a sufficiently capable IPC mechanism. We survey several microkernel operating systemsÑRC 4000 Nucleus, StarOS, CHORUS, SPIN, Exokernel, L4, and QNXÑroughly in chronological order, compare their features and consider how the notion of a microkernel evolves in each.
Self-Regulated Learning in Reading: Gifted Pedagogy and Instructional Settings

Personal processes, the environment, and individual behaviors of both teachers and students are factors that facilitate students' use of self-regulation learning strategies in reading. Some environmental conditions, such as organization of materials and clear expectations, support the development and use of self-regulation learning (SRL) strategies in reading. Teachers who use explicit instruction and modeling of SRL strategies have more students who can use self-regulation to read for longer periods and respond to higher order thinking questions. However, there are highly self-regulated students (even though fewer numbers) in low self-regulation classrooms, suggesting that individual differences in SRL strategies exist among gifted students and perhaps some gifted students as early as fifth grade have already attained the individual ability to use self-regulated learning SRL strategies to read and learn. The combination of domain-specific strategy instruction in reading combined with the use of SRL strategies to support knowledge acquisition seems to help more students in the higher self-regulation classroom achieve and maintain focus during reading instruction.
Design and Development of a Low-Cost Eye Tracking System for the Rehabilitation of the Completely Locked-In Patient

This article describes the design and development process of an eye tracking-based computer system that benefits from the intact ocular motor control of the completely locked-in patient to provide him or her with an alternative means of communication. A completely locked-in patient is an individual who has lost all types of motor control and communication ability with people in his or her environment. This developed system uses a head-mounted web camera to capture real-time images of the patient's eye. These images are then passed to a program, developed using Matlabreg, which processes them and computes the coordinates of the pupil position. The program then sends commands to an interactive JAVAtrade-based interface, which provides the patient with a matrix of pictograms representing the most essential daily communication activities. When a pictogram is activated (clicked), the system plays back an audible statement, recorded in any language, reflecting the desired activity. Ten healthy adult volunteers, free from any musculoskeletal or neurological disorders, participated in the validation of the system. Validation results revealed a system accuracy of 96.11plusmn5. 58 % and repeatability of 94.44plusmn2. 51 %. The rehabilitative system developed in this project offers the locked-in patient, of any social class, the ability of simple yet effective communication. The advantages of this system over existing systems are low cost, low processing power, ease of operation, little training requirements, minimal disturbance to the patient, and ease of customization to any mother tongue
Safe year‐long use of a very‐low‐calorie diet for the treatment of severe obesity

We report the case of a 59-year-old severely obese man with coexisting type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia who was treated with a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) program for 12 months. He continued to lose weight during the treatment, with marked improvement in his comorbidities and no adverse effects. This case demonstrates that prolonged use of a VLCD under close medical supervision is safe and effective in certain obese patients.
Application of TILLING and EcoTILLING as Reverse Genetic Approaches to Elucidate the Function of Genes in Plants and Animals

With the fairly recent advent of inexpensive, rapid sequencing technologies that continue to improve sequencing efficiency and accuracy, many species of animals, plants, and microbes have annotated genomic information publicly available. The focus on genomics has thus been shifting from the collection of whole sequenced genomes to the study of functional genomics. Reverse genetic approaches have been used for many years to advance from sequence data to the resulting phenotype in an effort to deduce the function of a gene in the species of interest. Many of the currently used approaches (RNAi, gene knockout, site-directed mutagenesis, transposon tagging) rely on the creation of transgenic material, the development of which is not always feasible for many plant or animal species. TILLING is a non-transgenic reverse genetics approach that is applicable to all animal and plant species which can be mutagenized, regardless of its mating / pollinating system, ploidy level, or genome size. This approach requires prior DNA sequence information and takes advantage of a mismatch endonuclease to locate and detect induced mutations. Ultimately, it can provide an allelic series of silent, missense, nonsense, and splice site mutations to examine the effect of various mutations in a gene. TILLING has proven to be a practical, efficient, and an effective approach for functional genomic studies in numerous plant and animal species. EcoTILLING, which is a variant of TILLING, examines natural genetic variation in populations and has been successfully utilized in animals and plants to discover SNPs including rare ones. In this review, TILLING and EcoTILLING techniques, beneficial applications and limitations from plant and animal studies are discussed.
Age differences in everyday problem solving

Reductions in everyday problem solving (EPS) are often reported in older age, although it has been suggested that problem context may modify this effect. We evaluated the impact of two aspects of problem context: age appropriateness (age-neutral vs. older-age content) and problem type (interpersonal vs. practical) on EPS performance in 175 adults aged 18–87. Older adults generated fewer solutions to ill-structured EPS vignettes than younger and middle-aged adults. Middle-aged adults demonstrated an advantage on practical problems. While all age groups demonstrated a relative performance advantage for interpersonal content on older age problems, older adults showed the least relative benefit in this condition. Thus older adults do not exhibit relative performance gains on EPS problems designed to be most salient and relevant to this age group.
Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To investigate if ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (E-EPA) augmentation improves antipsychotic efficacy and tolerability in first-episode psychosis (FEP). METHOD We performed a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 2-g E-EPA augmentation in 80 FEP patients. Sixty-nine patients were eligible for analysis; a post hoc analysis was computed for a subgroup of nonaffective FEP patients (N = 53). The first participant was included in November 2000 and the last participant completed the trial in August 2003. Primary outcome measures were symptom change scores and time to first response, while tolerability measures and cumulative antipsychotic dose were secondary outcome measures. RESULTS Analysis of covariance controlling for baseline symptoms found no significant mean difference between E-EPA and placebo at week 12 for symptom change scores. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant treatment by diagnosis interaction (p = .024) for time to first response favoring E-EPA in nonaffective psychosis. Post hoc analysis for cumulative response rates further confirmed a higher response rate at week 6 (42.9% [15/35] vs. 17.6% [6/34] for all participants, p = .036; 54.2% [13/24] vs. 17.2% [5/29] for the nonaffective psychosis subset, p = .008); however, the difference at week 12 was no longer significant. Analysis of secondary outcome measures revealed that E-EPA-augmented participants needed 20% less antipsychotic medication between weeks 4 through 6 (p = .03), had less extrapyramidal side effects in the initial 9 weeks (p < .05 for all participants and for all timepoints), and reported less constipation (p = .011) and fewer sexual side effects (p = .016) than those treated with antipsychotic medication alone. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that E-EPA may accelerate treatment response and improve the tolerability of antipsychotic medications. However, it was not possible to demonstrate a sustained symptomatic benefit of E-EPA in early psychosis, possibly due to a ceiling effect, since a high proportion of first-episode patients already achieve symptomatic remission with antipsychotic medication alone. Further controlled trials in nonaffective early psychosis seem warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials Registry identifier 12605000267651 (http://actr.org.au).
Face Detection for Augmented Reality Application Using Boosting-based Techniques

Augmented reality has gained an increasing research interest over the few last years. Customers requirements have become more intense and more demanding, the need of the different industries to re-adapt their products and enhance them by recent advances in the computer vision and more intelligence has become a necessary. In this work we present a marker-less augmented reality application that can be used and expanded in the e-commerce industry. We take benefit of the well known boosting techniques to train and evaluate different face detectors using the multi-block local binary features. The work purpose is to select the more relevant training parameters in order to maximize the classification accuracy. Using the resulted face detector, the position of the face will serve as a marker in the proposed augmented reality.
Contour crafting process planning and optimization

Contour Crafting is an emerging technology that uses robotics to construct free form structures by repeatedly laying down layers of material such as concrete. The Contour Crafting technology scales up the additive fabrication process from building small industrial parts to constructing buildings. Tool path planning and optimization for Contour Crafting benefit the technology by increasing the efficiency of construction of complicated structures. This research has intended to provide a systematic solution for improving the overall system efficiency and realizing the automation of the Contour Crafting technology for building custom-designed houses. An approach is presented to find the optimal tool path for the single nozzle Contour Crafting system incorporating the physical constraints of the technology and construction considerations. Several algorithms are given to find the collision-free tool path for the multiple nozzle system based on the single nozzle approach.
Distribution of 11q23 breakpoints within the MLL breakpoint cluster region in de novo acute leukemia and in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia: correlation with scaffold attachment regions and topoisomerase II consensus binding sites.

A major unresolved question for 11q23 translocations involving MLL is the chromosomal mechanism(s) leading to these translocations. We have mapped breakpoints within the 8.3-kb BamHI breakpoint cluster region in 31 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) de novo and in 8 t-AML patients. In 23 of 31 leukemia de novo patients, MLL breakpoints mapped to the centromeric half (4.57 kb) of the breakpoint cluster region, whereas those in eight de novo patients mapped to the telomeric half (3.87 kb). In contrast, only two t-AML breakpoints mapped in the centromeric half, whereas six mapped in the telomeric half. The difference in distribution of the leukemia de novo breakpoints is statistically significant (P = .02). A similar difference in distribution of breakpoints between de novo patients and t-AML patients has been reported by others. We identified a low- or weak-affinity scaffold attachment region (SAR) mapping just centromeric to the breakpoint cluster region, and a high-affinity SAR mapping within the telomeric half of the breakpoint cluster region. Using high stringency criteria to define in vitro vertebrate topoisomerase II (topo II) consensus sites, one topo II site mapped adjacent to the telomeric SAR, whereas six mapped within the SAR. Therefore, 74% of leukemia de novo and 25% of t-AML breakpoints map to the centromeric half of the breakpoint cluster region map between the two SARs; in contrast, 26% of the leukemia de novo and 75% of the t-AML patient breakpoints map to the telomeric half of the breakpoint cluster region that contains both the telomeric SAR and the topo II sites. Thus, the chromatin structure of the MLL breakpoint cluster region may be important in determining the distribution of the breakpoints. The data suggest that the mechanism(s) leading to translocations may differ in leukemia de novo and in t-AML.
Dietary sources of omega 3 fatty acids: public health risks and benefits

Omega 3 fatty acids can be obtained from several sources, and should be added to the daily diet to enjoy a good health and to prevent many diseases. Worldwide, general population use omega-3 fatty acid supplements and enriched foods to get and maintain adequate amounts of these fatty acids. The aim of this paper was to review main scientific evidence regarding the public health risks and benefits of the dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids. A systematic literature search was performed, and one hundred and forty-five articles were included in the results for their methodological quality. The literature described benefits and risks of algal, fish oil, plant, enriched dairy products, animal-derived food, krill oil, and seal oil omega-3 fatty acids.