Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Change in Weekend Drinking Cognitions Among Non-Treatment-Seeking Young Adults During Exposure to a 12-Week Text Message Intervention.

OBJECTIVE We sought to identify patterns of response (latent classes) to a text-message (short message service) intervention based on weekend drinking cognitions (e.g., drinking plans, commitment to a low consumption goal), and to examine how the latent classes differed in baseline characteristics and alcohol consumption outcomes. METHOD We conducted a secondary analysis of 384 non-treatment seeking young adults with hazardous alcohol use randomly assigned to a 12-week short message service intervention. Responses to weekly short message service queries related to weekend drinking cognitions were categorized as (a) planned not to drink, (b) planned to drink but did not plan a heavy drinking episode (HDE), (c) planned to have an HDE but willing to limit alcohol consumption, (d) planned to have an HDE and not willing to limit alcohol consumption We used repeated-measures latent class analysis to identify distinct classes based on these categories and examined associations of the classes with baseline covariates and alcohol consumption outcomes through 6 months. RESULTS We identified the following three latent classes: planned not to drink (62%), willing to limit drinks (27%), and not willing to limit drinks (12%). The "not willing to limit drinks" class exhibited the least reductions in alcohol consumption and was more likely to include White individuals and those with higher baseline drinking severity. The "planned not to drink" class had the greatest reductions in alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS Young adults who exhibited low likelihood of committing to goals to limit weekend drinking were less responsive to short message service intervention, suggesting the need for alternative interventions.
Inhibition of the formation of oral calcium phosphate precipitates: the possible effects of certain honeybee products.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of honeybee products on the in vitro formation of calcium phosphate precipitates. MATERIAL AND METHODS Screening tests of the in vitro formation of calcium phosphate precipitates using 20 types of honey and four types of propolis were carried out using the pH drop method. RESULTS The inhibitory effect on the rate of amorphous calcium phosphate transformation to hydroxyapatite and on the induction time varied greatly among the 20 types of honey and four types of propolis. We classified them according to their effects on decreasing the rate of amorphous calcium phosphate transformation to hydroxyapatite and/or increasing the induction time. Two of the 20 honeys showed little or no inhibition, either on the rate of amorphous calcium phosphate transformation to hydroxyapatite or on the induction time. Six of the honeys reduced the rate of amorphous calcium phosphate transformation to hydroxyapatite by 12-35% and with a 2.5- to 4.4-fold increase in the induction time. The remaining 12 honeys showed even greater activity. Because four of these 12 honeys had an inhibitory effect on the rate of amorphous calcium phosphate formation, they were excluded as candidates for anticalculus agents. Furthermore, three of the four types of propolis showed an inhibitory effect that was the same as or greater than 1-hydroxyethylidene- 1,1-bisphosphonate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that eight honeys and three types of propolis may have potential as anticalculus agents in toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Local Heroes: The Political Economy of Russian Regional Governance Kathryn Stoner-Weiss Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997, pp. xvii, 240

seen as inevitably leading to the particular forms taken in the development of the Soviet Union after 1921. Rather, events themselves need to be analyzed carefully, and alternative genealogies of ideas shaping Lenin's outlook need to be considered in addition to Marxism. Secondly, the strategic and ideological differences between two key factions in Russian social democratic politics were neither clear nor momentous; indeed, positions and temperaments were often reversed. Anticipatory history—that is, an account of the Soviet Union which sees the subsequent course of events embodied in Bolshevik principles of political organization or revolutionary strategy—tends to offer improbable causes for events and to exaggerate strategic and ideological differences amongst factions. From the Other Shore should be read by anyone interested in social democracy or socialism. It makes an important contribution to our understanding of the history of socialism in this century. It offers not only a reinterpretation of parts of this history, but also brings to light new information about the Soviet Union which will no doubt contribute to a better understanding of its economic and political reality. Students of other revolutionary transitions would benefit from the lessons learned here as well.
Cerebral blood flow reserve in patients with syndrome X

BackgroundPatients with syndrome X frequently show disorders of oesophageal motility, bronchial reactivity or impaired vasodilator capacity of peripheral vascular beds. For these reasons, it has been suggested that syndrome X may represent a generalized abnormality of vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle function, rather than an isolated coronary problem. ObjectiveTo measure the cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular vasodilator reserve in syndrome X patients and in controls. MethodsWe measured the cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve in 16 patients with syndrome X [11 women, aged 59.5 ± 10.8 years (mean ± SD)] and in 16 age-matched healthy volunteers. No patients had evidence of stenoses of carotid and vertebral arteries on Doppler sonography. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133Xe inhalation method, using the initial slope index as the cerebral blood flow index. After a baseline measurement, a second cerebral blood flow measurement was performed 20 min after administration of 10mg/kg acetazolamide intravenously. Acetazolamide is known to be a potent cerebral vasodilator. The percentage increase in cerebral blood flow after acetazolamide administration was considered an index of cerebrovascular vasodilator reserve. ResultsUnder basal conditions, both regional and global cerebral blood flow were nearly identical in the control group and in the patient group (initial slope index 50.2 ± 3.8 versus 50.3 ± 6.2, NS). After acetazolamide administration, the cerebral blood flow increase was 29.0 ± 14% in the patient group and 29.5 ±11% in the control group (NS). ConclusionsOur data show that cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular vasodilator reserve were preserved in a series of patients with syndrome X. These results are not consistent with the hypothesis of a diffuse smooth muscle disorder.
Inefficient Muscular Stabilization of the Lumbar Spine Associated With Low Back Pain: A Motor Control Evaluation of Transversus Abdominis

Study Design The contribution of transversus abdominis to spinal stabilization was evaluated indirectly in people with and without low back pain using an experimental model identifying the coordination of trunk muscles in response to a disturbance to the spine produced by arm movement. Objectives To evaluate the temporal sequence of trunk muscle activity associated with arm movement, and to determine if dysfunction of this parameter was present in patients with low back pain. Summary of Background Data Few studies have evaluated the motor control of trunk muscles or the potential for dysfunction of this system in patients with low back pain. Evaluation of the response of trunk muscles to limb movement provides a suitable model to evaluate this system. Recent evidence indicates that this evaluation should include transversus abdominis. Methods While standing, 15 patients with low back pain and 15 matched control subjects performed rapid shoulder flexion, abduction, and extension in response to a visual stimulus. Electromyographic activity of the abdominal muscles, lumbar multifidus, and the contralateral deltoid was evaluated using fine‐wire and surface electrodes. Results Movement in each direction resulted in contraction of trunk muscles before or shortly after the deltoid in control subjects. The transversus abdominis was invariably the first muscle active and was not influenced by movement direction, supporting the hypothesized role of this muscle in spinal stiffness generation. Contraction of transversus abdominis was significantly delayed in patients with low back pain with all movements. Isolated differences were noted in the other muscles. Conclusions The delayed onset of contraction of transversus abdominis indicates a deficit of motor control and is hypothesized to result in inefficient muscular stabilization of the spine.
Serum salicylic acid and fruit and vegetable consumption in obese and normal-weight children: a pilot-study

Abstract Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound produced by plants, may play a beneficial role on health. This pilot study evaluated whether there might be an association between serum SA and fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in obese and normal-weight children. Thirty-four obese children (17 boys and 17 girls) and 34 normal-weight children were recruited. Dietary intake was evaluated by the 7-day dietary record. Serum SA was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. FV intake in obese and normal-weight children was not different between groups (175.00 (97.66) g versus 192.29 (90.54) g, p = . 455). Obese children had lower serum SA than normal-weight children [mean difference, −0.025; 95% CI (−0.044; −0.006) μmol/L]. Serum SA was not associated with daily intake of FV in obese (p = .111) and normal-weight (p = .092) children. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of FV on serum SA, taking into account also the quantity and the type.
A Framework for Biodynamic Feedthrough Analysis—Part II: Validation and Application

Biodynamic feedthrough (BDFT) is a complex phenomenon, that has been studied for several decades. However, there is little consensus on how to approach the BDFT problem in terms of definitions, nomenclature, and mathematical descriptions. In this paper, the framework for BDFT analysis, as presented in Part I of this dual publication, is validated and applied. The goal of this framework is twofold. First of all, it provides some common ground between the seemingly large range of different approaches existing in BDFT literature. Secondly, the framework itself allows for gaining new insights into BDFT phenomena. Using recently obtained measurement data, parts of the framework that were not already addressed elsewhere, are validated. As an example of a practical application of the framework, it will be demonstrated how the effects of control device dynamics on BDFT can be understood and accurately predicted. Other ways of employing the framework are illustrated by interpreting the results of three selected studies from the literature using the BDFT framework. The presentation of the BDFT framework is divided into two parts. This paper, Part II, addresses the validation and application of the framework. Part I, which is also published in this journal issue, addresses the theoretical foundations of the framework. The work is presented in two separate papers to allow for a detailed discussion of both the framework's theoretical background and its validation.
Definite involuntary childlessness: associations between coping, social support and psychological distress.

BACKGROUND Around 4% of all couples remain involuntarily childless. These people often experience insufficient social support, which further aggravates the distress symptoms such as physical health problems, anxiety, depression and complicated grief. This study investigates the association of coping style and the degree of satisfaction regarding social support from primary support groups with distress symptoms of involuntarily childless individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects in this cross-sectional study were people who wanted to have children with their partner but were unable to conceive and had acknowledged their involuntary childlessness. The sample consisted of 116 persons (response 88%) with an average age of 39 years (SD = 6.0), with 75% women. The sample group completed a questionnaire consisting of passive and active coping styles from the Utrecht Coping List (UCL), the discrepancy variant of the Social Support List (SSL-D), the short version of the Questionnaire on Experienced Health Complaints (VOEG-21), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised (ICG-R), adapted for this study. RESULTS Women especially experienced more health complaints, more anxiety and depression symptoms and more complicated grief than the general population. Regression analysis shows that when controlled for sex and the duration of involuntary childlessness, the concepts passive coping style and dissatisfaction with social support were positively associated with health complaints, depression, anxiety and complicated grief. The concept active coping style was negatively associated with depression, anxiety and complicated grief. Explained variance of the different distress symptoms varied from 30 to 65%. A moderating association of perceived social support is only found between a passive coping style and health complaints. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial interventions should be continued after the childlessness has become definite. By teaching couples how to cope actively with their childlessness and how to ask for support, the negative consequences of their childlessness may be decreased.
Epidermal growth factor receptor expression has no independent prognostic significance in advanced ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to evaluate whether overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was of possible prognostic and/or predictive significance in advanced ovarian cancer. STUDY DESIGN Tumor specimens from 185 patients with stage III ovarian cancer, treated at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology of the Norwegian Radium Hospital, were examined immunohistochemically for overexpression of EGFR. Response was verified with second look laparotomy in 149 patients after 4 courses of platinum/anthracyclin chemotherapy. Correlations between EGFR status and classical clinicopathological parameters were examined, and uni- and multivariate survival analysis was performed. RESULTS EGFR membrane immunostaining was observed in 22% of the cases. EGFR overexpression correlated positively with residual disease after first surgery (P = 0.048) and tended to correlate with increasing FIGO substage (P = 0.058). No correlation was found with response to chemotherapy. In univariate analysis age below the median, FIGO substage, residual disease, histology, differentiation grade and the presence of ascites correlated with disease-related survival. A tendency towards correlation was found for EGFR (P = 0.0669). In muitivariate analysis only residual disease, histological type, differentiation grade and the presence of ascites retained independent prognostic significance. CONCLUSION EGFR status was found to be of no independent prognostic or predictive significance in this large group of uniformly treated stage III ovarian cancer patients.
Pathobiology of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

The World Health Organization has acknowledged the malignant nature of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), which encompasses four histological subtypes. The diagnosis of cHL is based on the detection of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSC) confirmed by immunophenotyping and the detection of growth patterns specific to each histological subtype. The pathologic HRSC arise from germinal center or immediate postgerminal cells that lack detectable immunoglobulin/B-cell antigen receptor expression, with a consequent loss of B-cell identity; very few cHL cases are of T-cell origin. To escape apoptosis, which normally occurs in B cells with nonfunctioning antigen receptor machinery, HRSC develop concurrent antiapoptotic mechanisms by activation of nuclear factor-ĸB or are rescued by Epstein-Barr virus infection. HRSC are characterized by a variable and inconstant immunophenotype, with a remarkable loss of lineage-specific cell antigens and expression of antigens of other cell lineages. The master plan of B-cell identity in HRSC is disturbed not only at the immunoglobulin expression level, but also at the transcriptional factor level. HRSC are further characterized by profound cell cycle deregulation with futile replication, multinucleation and poly- and aneuploidy. Here, we review pathobiological aspects of cHL with respect to lymphomagenesis and routine diagnostics.
Differential Regulation of Transmitter Release by Alternatively Spliced Forms of Synaptotagmin I

We discovered a novel alternatively spliced form of synaptotagmin I (Syt I). This splicing event is conserved over evolution and, in Aplysia, results in a two amino acid insert in the juxtamembrane domain of Syt I (Syt IVQ). Both Syt I and Syt IVQ are localized to synaptic vesicles; however, we also observed punctae that contained one or the other spliced products. Both Syt I and Syt IVQ are phosphorylated at the adjacent PKC site. Overexpression of Syt IVQ, but not of Syt I, in Aplysia neurons blocked the ability of serotonin to reverse synaptic depression. This effect is upstream of PKC activation, because neither Syt IVQ nor Syt I blocked the effects of phorbol esters on reversing synaptic depression or the effects of serotonin on facilitating nondepressed synapses. Our results demonstrate a physiological role for splicing in the juxtamembrane domain of Syt I.
High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia

The 15 archipelagos of East Polynesia, including New Zealand, Hawaii, and Rapa Nui, were the last habitable places on earth colonized by prehistoric humans. The timing and pattern of this colonization event has been poorly resolved, with chronologies varying by >1000 y, precluding understanding of cultural change and ecological impacts on these pristine ecosystems. In a meta-analysis of 1,434 radiocarbon dates from the region, reliable short-lived samples reveal that the colonization of East Polynesia occurred in two distinct phases: earliest in the Society Islands A.D. ∼1025–1120, four centuries later than previously assumed; then after 70–265 y, dispersal continued in one major pulse to all remaining islands A.D. ∼1190–1290. We show that previously supported longer chronologies have relied upon radiocarbon-dated materials with large sources of error, making them unsuitable for precise dating of recent events. Our empirically based and dramatically shortened chronology for the colonization of East Polynesia resolves longstanding paradoxes and offers a robust explanation for the remarkable uniformity of East Polynesian culture, human biology, and language. Models of human colonization, ecological change and historical linguistics for the region now require substantial revision.
Quantitative DCE-MRI modeling on tumor diagnosis and treatment effect evaluation

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI is the method of choice for clinical tumor detection. There are three categories of DCE-MRI analysis methods including qualitative DCE-MRI, semi-quantitative DCE-MRI, and quantitative DCE-MRI. Among these three categories, quantitative DCE-MRI is the only one that could provide pharmacokinetic parameters and directly reveal physiological state of tumor. In this paper, we have made a brief review on quantitative DCE-MRI. Firstly, physiological basis of DCE-MRI was described in details. Then, two kinds of contrast agent, low molecular weighted contrast media (LMCM) and macromolecular contrast media (MMCM), are introduced respectively. After that, several T1 weighted DCE-MRI data analysis methods are introduced, too. At last, possible further developments of DCE-MRI have been discussed.
The developmental and pathogenic roles of BAF57, a special subunit of the BAF chromatin‐remodeling complex

Mammalian SWI/SNF or BAF chromatin‐remodeling complexes are polymorphic assemblies of homologous subunit families that remodel nucleosomes. BAF57 is a subunit of the BAF complexes; it is encoded only in higher eukaryotes and is present in all mammalian assemblies. Its main structural feature is a high‐mobility group domain, the DNA‐binding properties of which suggest that BAF57 may play topological roles as the BAF complex enters or exits the nucleosome. BAF57 displays specific interactions with a number of proteins outside the BAF complex. Through these interactions, it can accomplish specific functions. In the embryo, BAF57 is responsible for the silencing of the CD4 gene during T‐cell differentiation, and during the repression of neuronal genes in non‐neuronal cells, BAF57 interacts with the transcriptional corepressor, Co‐REST, and facilitates repression. Extensive work has demonstrated a specific role of BAF57 in regulating the interactions between BAF and nuclear hormone receptors. Despite its involvement in oncogenic pathways, new generation sequencing studies do not support a prominent role for BAF57 in the initiation of cancer. On the other hand, evidence has emerged to support a role for BAF57 as a metastasis factor, a prognosis marker and a therapeutic target. In humans, BAF57 is associated with disease, as mutations in this gene predispose to important congenital disorders, including menigioma disease or the Coffin–Siris syndrome. In this article, we present an exhaustive analysis of the BAF57 molecular and biochemical properties, cellular functions, loss‐of‐function phenotypes in living organisms and pathological manifestations in cases of human mutations.
Crystal structure of active site-inhibited human coagulation factor VIIa (des-Gla).

Factor VIIa (FVIIa) is a crucial haemostatic protease consisting of four distinct domains termed the Gla, epidermal growth factor-1 (EGF-1), EGF-2, and protease domains (from N- to C-terminus). The crystal structure of human FVIIa inhibited at the active site with 1, 5-dansyl-Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethyl ketone and lacking the Gla domain has been solved to a resolution of 2.28 A. The EGF-2 and protease domains were well resolved, whereas no electron density for the EGF-1 domain was observed, suggesting a flexible arrangement or disorder within the crystal. Superposition of the protease domain of the present structure with that previously resolved in the tissue factor (TF)/FVIIai complex revealed that although overall the domain structures are similar, the EGF-2 domain is rotated by 7.5 degrees relative to the protease domain on binding TF. A single cleavage in the protease domain was found, between Arg315 and Lys316 (chymotrypsin numbering 170C-170D) in a FVII-specific insertion loop: this cleavage appeared to be essential for crystallisation. Insertion of the heavy chain N-terminal Ile153 is essentially identical in the two structures, as is the geometry of the active site residues and the inhibitor C-terminal arginine residue. Some differences are seen in the cleaved loop, but changes in TF-contact residues are generally minor. This structure supports the hypothesis that TF binding enables spatial domain arrangements in the flexible FVIIa molecule necessary for procoagulant function and furthermore that active site occupancy induces FVIIa active conformation via N-terminal insertion.