Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of atoll lagoons

A database of 301 atolls from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans has been analyzed with respect to factors governing maximum atoll lagoon depth. Statistically significant correlations between maximum atoll lagoon depth and both atoll area and present-day rainfall are viewed as the combined effect of paleorainfall precipitation and catchment area in contributing to overall atoll morphology. This interpretation is supported by the gross saucer-shaped morphology of several of the Lau group of the Fiji Islands, and the subsurface Cretaceous Golden Lane atoll of Mexico, where evidence of reef rim construction is lacking but evidence for significant solution relief is compelling. The contribution of reefs to atoll rim construction appears to be limited generally to ∼10 m, leaving more than 20 m of relief to be explained at most atolls. At a number of these, the last interglacial highstand surface is ∼15−20 m beneath Holocene rim sediments. Subsidence rates of even 5 cm/ k.y. do not suffice to explain the subsea depth of this unconformity, suggesting the dominating influence of solution on relief expression. Calculations of solution rates relative to the residence time of sea level below given depths during the past 700 k.y. suggest that the observed atoll relief is in part inherited from more than one Pleistocene, or perhaps earlier, glacial stage. Whatever the precise time of origin, the data available strongly suggest that atoll morphology is solution determined rather than growth predicated.
Ice-sheet elevation changes caused by variations of the firn compaction rate induced by satellite-observed temperature variations (1982–2003)

Abstract Changes in the surface elevation of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and ice shelves caused by variations in the rate of firn compaction are calculated with a time-dependent firn densification model driven by two decades (1982–2003) of satellite-observed monthly surface temperatures. The model includes the effects of melting and refreezing, both the direct changes in density and the subsequent effects on the densification rate. As previously shown, the temperature-dependent rate of densification is largest in summer, but changes in winter temperatures also have a significant effect. Over the last decade, climate warming has enhanced the rate of compaction and lowered the average surface elevation of Greenland by 1.8 cma-1 and most of West Antarctica by 1.9 cma–1. In East Antarctica, a small cooling raised the average surface elevation by 0.14 cma–1.
The role of pre-operative oral Vitamin B in the cystoscopic assessment of ureteric patency

Hypothesis / aims of study Vaginal and laparoscopic gynaecological surgery place the urinary tract at risk of injury. Ureteric injury rates as a result of gynecological procedures vary; for vaginal hysterectomy, it is about 0.1-0.5% [1], and after vaginal repair of anterior and/or apical pelvic organ prolapse, this rate may be as high as 5.1% [2]. Cystoscopic examination of the lower urinary tract is an important method for the intra-operative identification of potential ureteric injury [3]. Traditionally, intravenous agents like indigo carmine have been used to color the ureteric jets to aid visualization at cystoscopy. However, indigo carmine has several albeit rare disadvantages severe anaphylaxis and cardiac arrhythmias.
Applicability of a General Analytical Approach for Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms: Collaborative Trial.

BACKGROUND With the commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the market, laboratories have undergone a significantly increased workload. A universal analytical approach was designed to achieve cost-efficient and high-throughput GMOs screening with high specificity and accuracy. The approach provides accurate qualification of authorized and unauthorized GMOs. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the assessment of this analytical approach developed to detect majority of commercialized GMOs over the world. METHODS Seven elements and three events were detected by qPCR in a single laboratory to detect 59 commercialized GMOs. Certificated reference materials and food/feed samples from Chinese market were also evaluated for the specificity, conformity and robustness of this approach and were challenged in the inter-laboratory study. RESULTS The results showed that elements and events selected can best detect GMO presence with good specificity and sensitivity. The results showed a concordance between 97.5% and 99.56% and the variance between 0.65% and 12.88%, which is in line with the minimum requirement of analytical methods of GMO testing. CONCLUSION The approach validated here can be used to manipulate GMO presence in food and feed and showed the capacity to manipulate GMOs trace in the trade and domestic agriculture grocery in China. HIGHLIGHTS A universal analytical approach used to track GMO presence was evaluated for its specificity, sensitivity and robustness.
Non-motile subpopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa repress flagellar motility in motile cells through a type IV pili- and Pel-dependent mechanism

The downregulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellar motility is a key event in biofilm formation, host-colonization, and the formation of microbial communities, but the external factors that repress motility are not well understood. Here, we report that under swarming conditions, swarming motility can be repressed by cells that are non-motile due to the absence of a flagellum or flagellar rotation. Non-swarming cells, due to mutations that prevent either flagellum biosynthesis or rotation, present at 5% of the total population suppressed swarming of wild-type cells under the conditions tested in this study. Non-swarming cells required functional type IV pili and the ability to produce Pel exopolysaccharide to suppress swarming by the flagellated wild type. In contrast, flagellated cells required only type IV pili, but not Pel production, in order for swarming to be repressed by non-flagellated cells. We hypothesize that interactions between motile and non-motile cells may enhance the formation of sessile communities including those involving multiple genotypes, phenotypically-diverse cells, and perhaps other species. Importance Our study shows that, under the conditions tested, a small population of non-swarming cells can impact the motility behavior of the larger population. The interactions that lead to the suppression of swarming motility require type IV pili and a secreted polysaccharide, two factors with known roles in biofilm formation. These data suggest that interactions between motile and non-motile cells may enhance the transition to sessile growth in populations and promote interactions between cells with different genotypes.
Low awareness of venous thromboembolism among the general population: a call for increased public enlightenment programs.

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a notable but often ignored cause of disability and death. Improved public awareness of the symptoms and risks associated with VTE reduces the burden of disease. Aim We aimed to determine the awareness of VTE among the general population. Methods We conducted a population-based study using a pre-tested, pre-validated Ipsos-Reid questionnaire between October 2019 to March 2020. The questionnaire was distributed to consenting adults in the capital cities of Enugu and Ebonyi states of South-Eastern Nigeria to determine their awareness and knowledge of the symptoms and risk factors of VTE. Results A total of 284 adults participated with a mean age of 32.73 ± 10.33 years and majority (70.8%) had a post-secondary education. While majority were aware of other medical conditions like a heart attack (96.1%), stroke (97.2%), diabetes (98.2%), HIV/AIDS (98.6%), cancer (97.2%) and malaria (98.2), just a few of the subjects were aware of thrombosis (41.5%) and DVT (33.8%). Less than half (42.4%) correctly described DVT as a blood clot in the vein and 13.7% of the respondents knew what PE feels like. A minority of them knew the risk factors of VTE included hospital stay (19.0%), surgery (37.2%), cancer (31.6%), pregnancy (31.6%) and old age (29.6%). Age and gender showed no statistically significant association with awareness of VTE, p value, 0.491 and 0.287, respectively. Conclusion The awareness of VTE in the general population is low. Public awareness programs should be a public health priority to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with VTE.
Collapse ratios of buildings due to the 1995 Kobe earthquake and interference between S-wave and the second surface wave at basin edge

The distribution characteristics of collapse ratios of buildings in Kobe city due to the 1995 M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan (Kobe) earthquake and the interferences due to SH or P-SV and the second surface waves propagating in heterogeneous medium are discussed in this paper by using numerical simulation technique of wave equation. The staggered grid real value fast Fourier transform differentiation (SGRFFTD) is used in the pseudospectral method of ground motion simulations because of its speed, high stability and accuracy. The results show that the maximum amplitude of simulated acceleration wave-forms on the ground coincides well with the complicated distributions of collapse ratios of buildings. The peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the earthquake fault also coincides well with the peak ground acceleration. The spatial interference process is analyzed by using the snap shots of seismic wave propagation. The peak ground acceleration is probably caused by the interferences due to the second surface wave transmitting from the bedrock to sedimentary basin and the upward body wave. Analyses of the interference process show that seismic velocity structure and geologic structure strongly influence the distribution of the maximum amplitude of acceleration waveforms. Interferences occurring near the basin boundary are probably the cause of the peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the fault. Therefore it is necessary to analyze wave propagations and interference process using numerical simulation strategy for studies on the seismic disasters.
Soil resources mapping: A remote sensing perspective

Timely and reliable information on soils with respect to their nature, extent, spatial distribution, and potential and limitations/hazards, namely soil erosion by water and wind, soil salinity and/ or alkalinity, wetness, soil compaction, etc., is very crucial for optimal utilization of available natural resources on a sustained basis. Soil surveys, which hitherto have been conducted through conventional approach, provide such information. By providing synoptic coverage of the earth's surface at regular intervals remote sensing has augmented the efficiency of soil survey programmes. Beginning with the Landsat‐MSS data in early 1970s, spaceborne multispectral measurements from a variety of sensors, namely Thematic Mapper (TM), SPOT Multi Linear Array (MLA), Panchromatic Linear Array (PLA), Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) Linear Imaging Self‐scanning Sensor (LISS‐I, ‐II and ‐III), Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) and Panchromatic (PAN) sensor have been extensively used for carrying out soil surveys of varying intensities. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide an overview of the state‐ of‐ the‐art of applications of remote sensing in soil resources mapping, to identify gap areas and to project future scenario vis‐a‐vis likely developments in the sensor technology, image processing, and interpretation and/analysis techniques.
Metacognitive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis

Background: More effective psychological treatments for psychosis are required. Case series data and pilot trials suggest metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a promising treatment for anxiety and depression. Other research has found negative metacognitive beliefs and thought-control strategies may be involved in the development and maintenance of hallucinations and delusions. The potential of MCT in treating psychosis has yet to be investigated. Aims: Our aim was to find out whether a short number of MCT sessions would be associated with clinically significant and sustained improvements in delusions, hallucinations, anxiety, depression and subjective recovery in patients with treatment-resistant long-standing psychosis. Method: Three consecutively referred patients, each with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and continuing symptoms, completed a series of multiple baseline assessments. Each then received between 11 and 13 sessions of MCT and completed regular assessments of progress, during therapy, post-therapy and at 3-month follow-up. Results: Two out of 3 participants achieved clinically significant reductions across a range of symptom-based outcomes at end-of-therapy. Improvement was sustained at 3-month follow-up for one participant. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using MCT with people with medication-resistant psychosis. MCT was acceptable to the participants and associated with meaningful change. Some modifications may be required for this population, after which a controlled trial may be warranted.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus pacificus KVCMST-8A-12, Isolated from a Marine Sediment Sample from the Kanyakumari Coast, India

A DNase-producing Bacillus pacificus strain was isolated, and the whole-genome sequence is reported in this paper. The draft genome sequence of Bacillus pacificus KVCMST-8A-12 constitutes 2.4 Gbp of raw reads, with a GC content of 35.24%. In total, 5,661 protein-coding genes, 64 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes were predicted. ABSTRACT A DNase-producing Bacillus pacificus strain was isolated, and the whole-genome sequence is reported in this paper. The draft genome sequence of Bacillus pacificus KVCMST-8A-12 constitutes 2.4 Gbp of raw reads, with a GC content of 35.24%. In total, 5,661 protein-coding genes, 64 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes were predicted.
Combining Historical Biogeography with Niche Modeling in the Caprifolium Clade of Lonicera (caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales) Systematic Biology Advance Access Published

—The Lonicera clade Caprifolium contains ∼25 species distributed around the Northern Hemisphere, including in the Mediterranean climates of California and Europe. We sequenced the second intron of LFY to help resolve relationships within the clade where the internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast markers had previously failed to do so. Divergence time estimation and biogeographic analyses over the posterior distribution of dated trees suggest that a widespread ancestor was distributed across the Northern Hemisphere some 7–17 million years ago. Asian species form a sister group to a clade in which the European species are sister to the North American species. We use climatic niche modeling and divergence time estimates to explore the evolution of climate variables in the group. Principal component analyses help to identify instances of convergence, especially between distantly related species in the Mediterranean basin and in the chaparral of California. We document several cases of significant divergence between sister species in eastern North Amer-ica and western North America. Climatic models were projected from one continent into the others (e.g., North American species projected into Asia and Europe) to examine whether species living in these areas occupy similar climates. This study demonstrates the utility of combining niche modeling with historical biogeographic analyses and documents significant climatic niche evolution within a group of species distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. These results suggest a possible model for the origin of the Madrean–Tethyan disjunction pattern. Patterns of distribution around the Northern Hemisphere have been of particular interest to biogeogra-phers as they include clades that are disjunct across large boundaries—in particular, between eastern North America and East Asia, and in some cases between Many questions remain, however, as to the timing and the routes of movement between these areas. Two major paths for dispersion were available during the Tertiary: the Bering land bridge and North Atlantic land bridge (Tiffney 1985), but the viability of these routes for movement of particular clades of plants and animals was intermittent, fluctuating with changes in physical connectivity and climate (Wen 1999; Tiffney and Manchester 2001). Although the paleocli-mate of these land bridges has been investigated, there is still uncertainty as to the conditions during various geologic periods. Furthermore, it is still unclear how various changes in land connectivity and climate influenced routes of movement of organisms with particular tolerances. In order to better understand the historical biogeography, and Northern Hemisphere disjunction in particular, we need to include …
The Recommendation for Learners to Be Provided with Control Over Their Feedback Schedule Is Questioned In a Self-Controlled Learning Paradigm

Researchers have shown that learners who self-control (SC) their knowledge of results (KR) schedule learn the task more effectively than yoked learners. A common recommendation from these results is that learners should be provided choice over their KR schedule, rather than at a coaches' discretion (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016). No research to date has compared SC learners to a group that more closely mimics receiving KR from a coach, thus challenging whether such a recommendation can be made. To this end, three groups learned a golf putting task; an SC group, a traditional yoked group (TY), and a group who were led to believe that their KR schedule was being controlled by a golf coach (perceived coach-controlled yoked group; PCC). Participants (N = 60) completed three phases; pre-test, acquisition, and two 24-hr delayed post-tests (retention/transfer). All groups lowered their mean radial error (MRE) and bivariate variable error (BVE) throughout acquisition. As hypothesized, the SC group (M = 40.10) had lower adjusted MRE compared to the TY group (M = 43.12) during the post-tests, yet, the PCC group had the lowest adjusted MRE (M = 36.61). These differences, however, were not statistically significant, F(2, 54) = 2.81, p = . 069. BVE did not display the same pattern as MRE during the post-test as group means were clustered together, F(2, 57) = 0.38, p = . 963. Results from a questionnaire indicated that both yoked groups showed moderate ratings for receiving KR on a desired schedule, as well as preferring KR on good trials, or good and bad trials equally. Taken together, these results call into question the recommendation for practitioners to give choice to a learner over KR scheduling. PERCEIVED COACH-CONTROLLED FEEDBACK iv
Micro-embolic signal monitoring in stroke subtypes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 58 studies

Introduction Micro-embolic signals (MESs) detected using transcranial Doppler (TCD) help in risk stratification in stroke patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to estimate the prevalence of MES and its association with stroke recurrence, functional outcome, and mortality in different stroke subtypes. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted before 26th January 2021 in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies were identified that used TCD to detect MES in stroke/TIA patients. Pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for different outcome measures. The entire statistical analysis was conducted in R version 3.6. 2. Findings Fifty-eight studies involving 5123 patients (1329 MES+, 3794 MES−) were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of MES among all acute stroke/TIA patients was 30% (95% CI 25-34%). The pooled prevalence adjusted after the trim-and-fill analysis among all acute stroke/TIA patients was 18% (95% CI 14-23%). The prevalence of MES was high among all stroke subtypes except in patients with small vessel disease (SVD). In patients with new-onset stroke/TIA, the presence of MES was associated with a high risk of recurrence of cerebral ischemia (OR 4.03; 95% CI 2.38-6.82). Although no significant association was observed for the presence of MES with increased mortality (OR 2.37; 95% CI 0.75-7.50) and poor functional outcome (OR 2.11; 95% CI 0.20-22.50) among patients with new-onset stroke/TIA, this could only be determined in a smaller sample size of 477 patients. Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed a 30% prevalence of MES following acute stroke/TIA. The presence of MES increased the chance of recurrence of cerebral ischemia but was not associated with poor functional outcomes and mortality in the studied subgroup.
Convergent Evolution of Endosymbiont Differentiation in Dalbergioid and 13 IRLC Legumes Mediated by Nodule-Specific Cysteine-Rich Peptides

Summary : Several Aeschynomene species from the ancient Dalbergoid legume lineage independently evolved a novel class of cysteine rich peptides to impose a differentiation process on their 34 endosymbionts. ABSTRACT 48 Nutritional symbiotic interactions require the housing of large numbers of microbial symbionts, which 49 produce essential compounds for the growth of the host. In the legume-rhizobium nitrogen fixing 50 symbiosis, thousands of rhizobium microsymbionts, called bacteroids, are confined intracellularly 51 within highly specialized symbiotic host cells. In IRLC legumes such as Medicago , the bacteroids are 52 kept under control by an arsenal of nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, which induce the 53 bacteria in an irreversible, strongly elongated and polyploid state. Here we show that in Aeschynomene 54 legumes belonging to the more ancient Dalbergioid lineage, bacteroids are elongated or spherical 55 depending on the Aeschynomene species and that these bacteroids are terminally differentiated and 56 polyploid, similarly to bacteroids in IRLC legumes. Transcriptome, in situ hybridization and proteome 57 analysis demonstrated that the symbiotic cells in the Aeschynomene nodules produce a large diversity 58 of NCR-like peptides, which are transported to the bacteroids. Blocking NCR transport by RNAi- 59 mediated inactivation of the secretory pathway inhibits bacteroid differentiation. Together, our results 60 support the view that bacteroid differentiation in the Dalbergioid clade, which likely evolved 61 independently from the bacteroid differentiation in the IRLC clade, is based on very similar 62 mechanisms used by IRLC legumes. nonRD receptor-like kinase nodule early senescence defense-like reactions