Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Translocation of the c-Cbl Protein after Activation of Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways (*)

The c-cbl protooncogene product (c-Cbl) is a 120-kDa protein that has been shown to bind to the Src homology 3 domains of various proteins, suggesting its involvement in signal transduction pathways. We identified one of the most prominent tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in Fc receptor (FcR)-stimulated macrophages to be c-Cbl. Tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Cbl occurred within 20 s after stimulation and reached maximum levels within 3-5 min. c-Cbl was also tyrosine-phosphorylated in epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-overexpressing cells upon EGF stimulation, in macrophages in response to CSF-1 treatment, and in v-src transformed cells. Furthermore, we found that c-Cbl associated with these kinases in vivo. In vitro, c-Cbl bound to the Src homology 3 domains of Src, Fyn, and Lyn in both unstimulated and FcR-stimulated macrophages. Examination of cells by immunofluorescence revealed that c-Cbl is diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm in both unstimulated macrophages and EGF receptor-overexpressing cells and translocated to a more specific compartment of the cell, consistent with the trans-Golgi region, following FcR clustering and EGF stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that c-Cbl is involved in the signaling pathways utilized by different types of tyrosine kinases.
Characterization and functionality of CXCR4 chemokine receptor and SDF-1 in human corneal fibroblasts.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether cultured human corneal fibroblasts express functional chemokine CXCR4 receptors on their cell surface and to determine the presence of its specific ligand, SDF-1 (CXCL12), in human corneal fibroblasts. METHODS Human corneal fibroblast cultures were obtained using human donor corneas. CXCR4 receptors were characterized using binding studies and autoradiography with [125I]SDF-1. The functionality of CXCR4 receptors was assessed by intracellular calcium measurement using a dynamic imaging microscopy system. CXCR4 and SDF-1 mRNA were detected in human corneal fibroblasts using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The CXCR4 protein was detected by western blot analysis. RESULTS [125I]SDF-1 specifically bound to cultured corneal fibroblasts with a KD value of 8.3+/-1.2 nM. The presence of CXCR4 was confirmed by autoradiography of the radioligand on slices of corneal stroma. SDF-1 induced a rapid and transient intracellular calcium increase in cultured corneal fibroblasts that was blocked by the specific antagonist bicyclam. Moreover, a 48 kDa protein was detected by western blot analysis of corneal fibroblast extracts, using a specific CXCR4 polyclonal antibody. RT-PCR showed the expression of both CXCR4 and SDF-1 mRNAs in human corneal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate for the first time that cultured human corneal fibroblasts express the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1. This latter might exert physiological effects on the cornea and could be involved in pathological conditions such as corneal angiogenesis.
Student-produced representations as a means for interrupting the flow of an interview / Representaciones producidas por una alumna para interrumpir el flujo de una entrevista

Abstract This work provides evidence that children as young as six years old successfully leverage written representations to their own purposes. During a modified clinical interview, Maggie created an idiosyncratic written representation to negotiate understanding of the interview task. In this move, Maggie shifted her role in the interview from sharing her own thinking to understanding the interviewer’s thinking. Her representations were not strictly for communication but also for control. This fleeting but illuminating episode points to young children’s intuitive perspective on written representations as a cultural tool.
Immediate Early and Early Lytic Cycle Proteins Are Frequent Targets of the Epstein-Barr Virus–induced Cytotoxic T Cell Response

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human γ-herpesvirus, can establish both nonproductive (latent) and productive (lytic) infections. Although the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to latently infected cells is well characterized, very little is known about T cell controls over lytic infection; this imbalance in our understanding belies the importance of virus-replicative lesions in several aspects of EBV disease pathogenesis. The present work shows that the primary CD8+ CTL response to EBV in infectious mononucleosis patients contains multiple lytic antigen-specific reactivities at levels at least as high as those seen against latent antigens; similar reactivities are also detectable in CTL memory. Clonal analysis revealed individual responses to the two immediate early proteins BZLF1 and BRLF1, and to three (BMLF1, BMRF1, and BALF2) of the six early proteins tested. In several cases, the peptide epitope and HLA-restricting determinant recognized by these CTLs has been defined, one unusual feature being the number of responses restricted through HLA-C alleles. The work strongly suggests that EBVreplicative lesions are subject to direct CTL control in vivo and that immediate early and early proteins are frequently the immunodominant targets. This contrasts with findings in α- and β-herpesvirus systems (herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus) where viral interference with the antigen-processing pathway during lytic infection renders immediate early and early proteins much less immunogenic. The unique capacity of γ-herpesvirus to amplify the viral load in vivo through a latent growth-transforming infection may have rendered these agents less dependent upon viral replication as a means of successfully colonizing their hosts.
Why Liberals Should Embrace Managed Care

After years of remarkable growth, managed care today faces a powerful political backlash. Critics have successfully fostered the public perception that managed care threatens the quality of health care, putting profit before people, corporate greed before human needs. Ironically, managed care’s most vocal critics are on the political left—ironically, since, in origin and in essence, managed care is a deeply progressive approach to health care, with great potential to realize in practice liberal ideals of social justice and community solidarity. The traditional fee-for-service system emphasized one-on-one relationships between individual physicians and individual patients to the exclusion of any larger social mission. Managed care, by contrast, places such relationships within the context of a more inclusive collective relationship between a coordinated team of health care workers and a whole population of health plan members. Thus it naturally ought to encourage, first, cooperation among medical professionals and, second, a shared commitment on their part to maintaining the health of the entire community they serve, rather than just caring for those who are ill, when they are ill. The first of these two tendencies, professional cooperation, should, in turn, enhance the possibilities for oversight, accountability, and quality control. The second, commitment to community health, should refocus attention on preventive efforts that address the long run needs of the
Character Tracking and the Understanding of Narratives

/. Perspective In Undemanding Recent work on the understanding of natural language narratives has emphasized representations composed of goals, plans, and their outcomes. Causal chains [121, hierarchical goal/outcome graphs [3] [16], story grammar parse trees [9] [10] [15], and causally linked networks [6] [7] have been proposed as models of the mental representation of a story. A problem that has received little attention however is the influence of perspective in understanding a narrative. Perspective may operate on many levels. Inputs are understood by evaluating them in terms of the system's knowledge, which is often based on subjectively interpreted personal experiences. Thus, understanders having different belief systems may interpret the same story in different ways [5].
Book Reviews: Predicative Forms in Natural Language and in Lexical Knowledge Bases

When (computational) linguists speak of "lexical semantics," quite often they are actually referring to the more narrow area of verb semantics. Similarly, this book chooses the fairly abstract title "predicative forms" to join 12 contributions, most of which are concerned with verbs, their meaning, and the relationships between meaning and syntax. The book is the follow-up publication of a workshop held under the same title in Toulouse in August 1996. Taken together, the collection provides a good overview of contemporary approaches to lexical (verb) semantics, and thanks to a 50-page introductory chapter written by the editor, it is also useful reading for graduate students who are considering immersing themselves in lexico-semantic issues. This introduction offers brief explanations of some central themes and theories that are referred to in the later chapters (argument structure, thematic roles, lexical relations, polysemy, verb alternations and corresponding verb classes, WordNet, lexicalconceptual structure, and the generative lexicon), always with references to further reading. The additional introductory chapter is one of three elements that distinguish the book from plain workshop proceedings. The second element is an index, but it is unfortunately a rather sparse one. The third add-on is a chapter that summarizes the contributions to a panel session held at the workshop--see the end of this review. In contrast to these bonuses, one mildly annoying feature of many workshop proceedings can be found in this book too: Some parts of it display an unfortunate abundance of typographical and other errors. Let us begin our glance at the individual papers with the two that are mainly concerned with words other than verbs. One is by Federica Busa, who works in the framework of the generative lexicon (Pustejovsky 1995) and proposes a classification of agentive nominals along with representations that can explain some interesting aspects of their syntactic behavior. The other study deals with connectives: Jacques Jayez and Corinne Rossari use generalized quantifier theory to offer a classification of some connectives that involve inferences in recognizing the relation holding between the conjuncts. The most application-oriented chapter is by Evelyne Viegas et al. The authors first describe the architecture of the Mikrokosmos parser and the format of the lexical representations used therein, and then discuss the practical issues of semiautomatically
Chimera – Three Heads for English-to-Czech Translation

This paper describes our WMT submissions CU-BOJAR and CU-DEPFIX, the latter dubbed “CHIMERA” because it combines on three diverse approaches: TectoMT, a system with transfer at the deep syntactic level of representation, factored phrase-based translation using Moses, and finally automatic rule-based correction of frequent grammatical and meaning errors. We do not use any off-the-shelf systemcombination method.
Interactive therapy gloves: reconnecting partners after a stroke

This paper explores the challenges that affect long-term partners after one of them suffers from a stroke, and offers a design solution as part of the CHI 2011 Student Design Competition. The challenge posed was to create a design that would help us to appreciate and celebrate our differences through the novel use of technology. We examined the changes that both partners go through during the recovery period after a stroke. We then designed an interactive glove as part of the rehabilitation process. The intent was to foster acceptance of each partner's contribution and to help them reconnect. This paper details the iterative design process involved.
FingerDraw: more than a digital paintbrush

Research in cognitive science shows that engaging in visual arts has great benefits for children particularly when it allows them to bond with nature [7]. In this paper, we introduce FingerDraw, a novel drawing interface that aims to keep children connected to the physical environment by letting them use their surroundings as templates and color palette. The FingerDraw system consists of (1) a finger-worn input device [13] which allows children to upload visual contents such as shapes, colors and textures that exist in the real world; (2) a tablet with touch interface that serves as a digital canvas for drawing. In addition to real-time drawing activities, children can also collect a palette of colors and textures in the input device and later feed them into the drawing interface. Initial reactions from a case study indicated that the system could keep a child engaged with their surroundings for hours to draw using the wide range of shapes, colors and patterns found in the natural environment.
IMPROVING UML DESIGNS USING AUTOMATIC DESIGN PATTERN DETECTION

Design patterns are considered one of the most valuable tools to produce quality designs and a general-purpose technique to improve a design is to identify all pattern realizations and to apply well-known rules to improve them. This technique requires finding all pattern realizations used in a design and it is a rather tedious task. This paper shows the work in the literature on assistants for programmers and software architects and presents a system called IDEA (Interactive DEsign Assistant). IDEA is an interactive design assistant for software architects meant for automating the task of finding and improving the realizations of design patterns. Basically, IDEA is capable of automatically (i) finding the patterns employed in a UML diagram and (ii) producing critiques about these patterns. The core of IDEA is the module that automatically detects the pattern realizations found in the model that the architect is producing. When this module finds a pattern realization, a set of design rules are verified to test if the design could be improved. Any violation to these rules fires a critique that is proposed to the engineer as a possible design improvement. Currently, a prototypal implementation of IDEA is integrated with two popular CASE tools.
Molecular features distinguish ten neuronal types in the mouse superficial superior colliculus

The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain center involved in controlling head and eye movements in response to inputs from multiple sensory modalities. Visual inputs arise from both the retina and visual cortex and converge onto the superficial layer of the SC (sSC). Neurons in the sSC send information to deeper layers of the SC and to thalamic nuclei that modulate visually guided behaviors. Presently, our understanding of sSC neurons is impeded by a lack of molecular markers that define specific cell types. To better understand the identity and organization of sSC neurons, we took a systematic approach to investigate gene expression within four molecular families: transcription factors, cell adhesion molecules, neuropeptides, and calcium binding proteins. Our analysis revealed 12 molecules with distinct expression patterns in mouse sSC: cadherin 7, contactin 3, netrin G2, cadherin 6, protocadherin 20, retinoid‐related orphan receptor β, brain‐specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3b, Ets variant gene 1, substance P, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and parvalbumin. Double labeling experiments, by either in situ hybridization or immunostaining, demonstrated that the 12 molecular markers collectively define 10 different sSC neuronal types. The characteristic positions of these cell types divide the sSC into four distinct layers. The 12 markers identified here will serve as valuable tools to examine molecular mechanisms that regulate development of sSC neuronal types. These markers could also be used to examine the connections between specific cell types that form retinocollicular, corticocollicular, or colliculothalamic pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:2300–2321, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Bi-directional Three-phase Interleaved Isolated Converter with Active Clamp

In this paper, a new bidirectional three-phase dc-dc converter and three-phase PWM strategies have been proposed for battery application. The proposed converter acts as an three-phase isolated buck converter when battery is charged from dc link (buck mode) and an three-phase isolated boost converter when battery discharges energy (boost mode). In the buck mode, three-phase hybridge rectifier is employed to improve efficiency and an interleaved operation of three-phase buck converter reduces overall charging current ripple, which is imposed into battery. The interleaved operation increases effective operating frequency and thus, leads to a realization of smaller sized filter components. In addition, the proposed three-phase PWM strategy transfers energy through three-phase paths with zero voltage switching (ZVS) capability. In the boost mode, an interleaved operation of three-phase boost converter induces the same properties as in the three-phase buck converter. In addition, three-phase active clamp branch mitigates not only switching losses by zero voltage switching but also electromagnetic noises caused by hard-switched voltage spikes. These characteristics of the proposed converter reduce operating losses significantly and result in the whole converter efficiency above 95%. The proposed converter and three-phase PWM strategies are analyzed, simulated and implemented in hardware. Experimental results are obtained on a 500W prototype unit, with all of the design verified and analyzed.
Service allocation for composite Web services based on quality attributes

Web services are software artifacts that can be accessed over the Internet. They can be seen as pay-per-view functionalities that are exposed by some service providers. If there are multiple providers for a Web service, then both the quality and price of the service become key factors when determining which provider to choose. We consider the problem of service allocation for multiple correlated Web services that can be serviced by potentially different Web service providers. We model this problem in a game-theoretic setting and design a reverse auction where optimal service allocation for the service requester is guaranteed. We also present an optimal strategy for the service provider when choosing its quality of service.
Near-infrared Indocyanine Green Video Angiography: A New Method for Intraoperative Assessment of Vascular Flow

OBJECTIVEWe report our initial clinical experience with a new method for intraoperative blood flow assessment. The purposes of the study were to assess the use of indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography in neurovascular cases, to assess the handling and image quality, to compare the findings with postoperative angiographic results, and to evaluate the clinical value of the method in a preliminary feasibility study. METHODSFourteen patients with aneurysms (n = 12) or spinal (n = 1) or intracranial (n = 1) dural fistulae were included. Before and/or after aneurysm or dural fistula occlusion, ICG (25 mg) was injected intravenously. A near-infrared laser excitation light source (&lgr; = 780 nm) illuminated the operating field. The intravascular fluorescence of ICG (maximal &lgr; = 835 nm) was recorded by a nonintensified video camera, with optical filtering to block ambient and laser light for collection of only ICG-induced fluorescence. RESULTSA total of 21 investigations were performed for 14 patients. For the 17 successful ICG video angiographic investigations, image quality and resolution were excellent, allowing intraoperative real-time assessment of the cerebral circulation. ICG angiographic results could be divided into arterial, capillary, and venous phases, comparable to those observed with digital subtraction angiography. In all cases, the postoperative angiographic results corresponded to the intraoperative ICG video angiographic findings. In three cases, the information provided by intraoperative ICG angiography significantly changed the surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONICG video angiography is simple and provides real-time information on the patency of arterial and venous vessels of all relevant diameters, including small and perforating arteries (<0.5 mm), and the visible aneurysm sac. It may be a useful adjunct to improve the quality of neurovascular procedures and to document the intraoperative vascular flow.
Visualization of labeled data using linear transformations

We present a novel family of data-driven linear transformations, aimed at visualizing multivariate data in a low-dimensional space in a way that optimally preserves the structure of the data. The well-studied PCA and Fisher's LDA (linear discriminant analysis) are shown to be special members in this family of transformations, and we demonstrate how to generalize these two methods such as to enhance their performance. Furthermore, our technique is the only one, to the best of our knowledge, that reflects in the resulting embedding both the data coordinates and pairwise similarities and/or dissimilarities between the data elements. Even more so, when information on the clustering (labeling) decomposition of the data is known, this information can be integrated in the linear transformation, resulting in embeddings that clearly show the separation between the clusters, as well as their infrastructure. All this makes our technique very flexible and powerful, and lets us cope with kinds of data that other techniques fail to describe properly.
The effects of lesions to the anterior thalamic nuclei on object–place associations in rats

Rats with lesions of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus were trained postoperatively on two spatial conditional associative learning tasks. In the first task, the rats were required to choose one or the other of two objects depending on the location in which they were found. In the second task, the animals learned to turn left or right depending on which one of two visual cues was presented. A third experiment examined the effects of damage to the anterior thalamic nuclei on the eight‐arm radial maze, a spatial working memory task. Damage of the anterior thalamic nuclei impaired performance on the radial maze task and the conditional task requiring associations between objects and their location. By contrast, rats with anterior thalamic lesions were able to acquire, at a rate comparable with that of operated control animals, the conditional task requiring associations between objects and body turns. These findings suggest that lesions to the anterior thalamic nuclei result in a general impairment in learning about allocentric spatial information without disrupting the learning of egocentric spatial information.
Functional Modeling of Tone, Focus and Sentence Type in Mandarin Chinese

This paper presents the results of a study on the modeling of the interactions between tone, focus, and sentence type in Mandarin Chinese. We applied the quantitative Target Approximation model (qTA) to an experimental corpus by extracting function-specific qTA parameters and using them to simulate surface F0 contours. The results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the method, suggesting that it is a significant step forward toward effective predictive modeling and synthesis of expressive prosody.