Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological actions of dantrolene sodium in isolated sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and in a model of ischemia.

Recent experiments have suggested that the electrophysiological actions of dantrolene sodium in cardiac tissues may be mediated in part by slow inward current blockade. The authors report here the effects of this agent in tissues the electrical activity of which depends mainly on the slow inward current. In isolated rabbit sinoatrial node tissue, dantrolene (35.1 microM) significantly diminished maximal diastolic potential, action potential amplitude and upstroke velocity, and it prolonged action potential duration and spontaneous cycle length. Most effects were reversible upon washout. In isolated rabbit atrioventricular nodal tissue, dantrolene diminished action potential amplitude, delayed activation time, prolonged refractoriness and led to frequency-dependent block, also in a reversible manner. Through these actions, dantrolene showed an antiarrhythmic effect by preventing atrioventricular nodal reentry in the form of atrial "echoes. " These results support the hypothesis that dantrolene inhibits slow inward current and suggest that, at adequate doses, it might effectively suppress supraventricular arrhythmias in patients. In a third group of experiments, addition of dantrolene (35.1 microM) to the central segment of a canine Purkinje fiber in an "ischemic gap" preparation led to conduction impairment. Consequently, reflections were obtained at relatively slow frequencies, whereas, at faster frequencies, the incidence of reflection was reduced. These effects were similar to those previously reported for other agents such as lidocaine and verapamil. The authors conclude that dantrolene behaves as a calcium channel blocking agent and has potential value as an antiarrhythmic drug.
Future Scenarios for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesias in Parkinson’s Disease

After its first use in clinic since 1960, oral administration of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (levodopa) remains the main treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Although the vast majority respond positively to treatment, a significant proportion of PD patients develop daily fluctuations in mobility and troublesome involuntary movements known as levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LIDs). The time-to-onset and severity of this motor complication show large individual variability thus limiting the long-term use of levodopa and clinical strategies aimed at reducing LIDs manifestation. In the last few years, a considerable effort has been made to understand the neurobiological basis of this motor complication. In particular, recent evidence coming from human and animal studies has strongly contributed to reduce the gaps in our knowledge of LIDs pathogenesis.
Risk Stratification and Intrinsic Subtype Classification of Breast Cancer: a Multi-Parameter Test to Rule Them All?

Seminal studies in the early 2000s led to the development of a molecular-based classification of breast cancer as well as sev-eral multigene prognostic signatures for breast cancer patients (1,2). The ‘intrinsic’ gene subtypes (ie, luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]–enriched and basal-like) (3-5) have constituted one of the biggest paradigm shifts in the way breast cancer is perceived from a research and clinical standpoint. These subtypes have not only become part of our lexicon but have also been shown to robustly identify prognostically relevant molecular subgroups of patients with breast cancer (1,4,6,7). Different gene sets and methods for the identification of the intrinsic subtypes have been published, and although they show equipoise in outcome across different patient populations, we and others have found that for individual patients, research versions of these different methods/gene lists only show a modest agreement and may assign the same patient to different intrinsic subtypes (8,9). It has been sug-gested, however, that technical limitations such as data nor-malization and platform annotation may have reduced the accuracy in subtype predictions and concordance (6,10,11), which would be improved if the comparisons were performed using validated diagnostic genomic assays (6). In parallel with the class-discovery studies that resulted in the identification of the intrinsic subtypes, understanding of the limitations of these assays in the context of pre-cision medicine. It describes the first prospective direct comparison of commercially available multiparameter tests in a prospective randomized trial of patients with early breast
Effect of Detector Width and Peak Location Technique on Residual Stress Determination in Case of Work-Hardened Materials

To enhance the fatigue resistance of mechanical components, different surface treatment processes are often applied to put the near surface layer into compression. Surface treatment processes are typically associated with deformation and work-hardening of the material. When applying x-ray diffraction techniques to the characterization of such surfaces, the work-hardening will cause the x-ray diffraction peak width to increase. When peak widths reach high values, the peak tail may extend beyond the active area or window of the multichannel x-ray detector, in which case the peak is truncated. Subsequent analytical treatment of broad diffraction peaks is troublesome and advanced numerical methods are required to accurately determine the peak position. The following work indicates that when a wider detector is used it is possible to collect the full, non-truncated peak, determine the peak position with a high level of confidence and subsequently, to calculate the residual stress with much improved repeatability and reproducibility.
Eco-friendly semiconductor technologies for healthy living

In the history of human kind, we have witnessed remarkable development and growth of industry. Everywhere, from home appliances to space shuttles, such industrial growth has made our lives more productive and comfortable. However, this comes with an alarming increase in energy consumption, primarily involving fossil fuels, and increasing greenhouse-gas emissions. Such activity has led to unprecedented levels of pollution, environmental destruction and climate change, and, ironically, has become a serious threat to human health [1].
Two New Monoterpene Glycosides from Qing Shan Lu Shui Tea with Inhibitory Effects on Leukocyte-Type 12-Lipoxygenase Activity

We evaluated the inhibitory effect of 12 Chinese teas on leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Tea catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate have been known to exhibit leukocyte-type 12-LOX inhibition. Qing Shan Lu Shui, which contains lower catechin levels than the other tested teas, suppressed leukocyte-type 12-LOX activity. To characterize the bioactive components of Qing Shan Lu Shui, leukocyte-type 12-LOX inhibitory activity–guided fractionation of the aqueous ethanol extract of the tea was performed, resulting in the isolation of two new monoterpene glycosides: liguroside A (1) and B (2). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were characterized as (2E,5E)-7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,5-octadienyl-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1″→3′)-(4′″-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside and (2E,5E)-7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,5-octa-dienyl-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1″→3′)-(4′″-O-cis-p-coumaroyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, respectively, based on spectral and chemical evidence. Ligurosides A (1) and B (2) showed inhibitory effects on leukocyte-type 12-LOX activity, with IC50 values of 1.7 and 0.7 μM, respectively.
Novel tyrosine kinase substrates from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells are present in the membrane skeleton

We have previously reported the production of monoclonal antibodies directed against phosphotyrosine, which is the modification induced by many oncogene products and growth factor receptors. One of these antiphosphotyrosine antibodies (py20) was used in affinity chromatography to isolate phosphotyrosine (PY)-containing proteins from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts (RSV-CEFs). Mice were immunized with these PY-proteins for the production of monoclonal antibodies to individual substrates. Fifteen antibodies were generated in this way to antigens with molecular masses of 215, 76, 60, and 22 kD. Antibodies to individual substrates were used to analyze the subcellular location in normal and RSV-CEFs. Antibodies to the 215- and 76-kD antigen stained focal contacts when used in immunofluorescence microscopy while anti-22-kD protein antibodies resulted in punctate staining concentrated in the margins of cells and in parallel arrays. Both distributions were altered in transformed cells. When cells were extracted with nonionic detergent under conditions that stabilize the cytoskeleton, 50% of the 76-kD protein and greater than 90% of the 22- kD protein fractionated with the cytoskeleton. This study offers a new approach to both the identification of membrane skeletal proteins in fibroblasts and changes that occur upon transformation by an activated tyrosine kinase.
New equalization approach for OFDM over dispersive and rapidly time varying channel

The paper proposes and analyses a new receiver structure to mitigate the effect of Doppler on the reception of OFDM signals. A discrete-frequency channel representation is developed for the link between the input of the transmit I-FFT and the output of the receive FFT. It is based on a Taylor expansion of the time variations of the received subcarrier amplitudes. The model realistically addresses the correlation of fading at neighboring subcarriers. We study a new type of receiver which estimates not only amplitudes but also derivatives of subcarriers amplitudes. An adaptive MMSE filter is proposed to cancel the intercarrier interference (ICI) resulting from Doppler. This results in a substantial improvement of the link performance.
Characteristic and Universal Tensor Product Kernels

Maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), also called energy distance or N-distance in statistics and Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC), specifically distance covariance in statistics, are among the most popular and successful approaches to quantify the difference and independence of random variables, respectively. Thanks to their kernel-based foundations, MMD and HSIC are applicable on a wide variety of domains. Despite their tremendous success, quite little is known about when HSIC characterizes independence and when MMD with tensor product kernel can discriminate probability distributions. In this paper, we answer these questions by studying various notions of characteristic property of the tensor product kernel.
Pesticides reduce regional biodiversity of stream invertebrates

The biodiversity crisis is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity, but our understanding of the drivers remains limited. Thus, after decades of studies and regulation efforts, it remains unknown whether to what degree and at what concentrations modern agricultural pesticides cause regional-scale species losses. We analyzed the effects of pesticides on the regional taxa richness of stream invertebrates in Europe (Germany and France) and Australia (southern Victoria). Pesticides caused statistically significant effects on both the species and family richness in both regions, with losses in taxa up to 42% of the recorded taxonomic pools. Furthermore, the effects in Europe were detected at concentrations that current legislation considers environmentally protective. Thus, the current ecological risk assessment of pesticides falls short of protecting biodiversity, and new approaches linking ecology and ecotoxicology are needed.
An efficient procedure for mining statistically significant frequent itemsets

We suggest the original procedure for frequent itemsets generation, which is more efficient than the appropriate procedure of the well known Apriori algorithm. The correctness of the procedure is based on a special structure called Rymon tree. For its implementation, we suggest a modified sort-merge-join algorithm. Finally, we explain how the support measure, which is used in Apriori algorithm, gives statistically significant frequent itemsets.
2+p-SAT: Relation of typical-case complexity to the nature of the phase transition

Heuristic methods for solution of problems in the NP-complete class of decision problems often reach exact solutions, but fail badly at “phase boundaries,” across which the decision to be reached changes from almost always having one value to almost always having a different value. We report an analytic solution and experimental investigations of the phase transition that occurs in the limit of very large problems in K-SAT. Studying a model which interpolates K-SAT between K=2 and K=3, we find a change from a continuous to a discontinuous phase transition when K, the average number of inputs per clause, exceeds 0.4. The cost of finding solutions also increases dramatically above this changeover. The nature of its “random first-order” phase transition, seen at values of K large enough to make the computational cost of solving typical instances increase exponentially with problem size, suggests a mechanism for the cost increase. There has been evidence for features like the “backbone” of frozen inputs which characterizes the UNSAT phase in K-SAT in the study of models of disordered materials, but this feature and this transition are uniquely accessible to analysis in K-SAT. The random first-order transition combines properties of the first-order (discontinuous onset of order) and second-order (with power law scaling, e.g., of the width of the critical region in a finite system) transitions known in the physics of pure solids. Such transitions should occur in other combinatoric problems in the large N limit. Finally, improved search heuristics may be developed when a “backbone” is known to exist. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 15, 414–435, 1999
Structural properties and evolutionary relationships of PspA, a surface protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, as revealed by sequence analysis

Analysis of the sequence for the gene encoding PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) of Streptococcus pneumoniae revealed the presence of four distinct domains in the mature protein. The structure of the N-terminal half of PspA was highly consistent with that of an alpha-helical coiled-coil protein. The alpha-helical domain was followed by a proline-rich domain (with two regions in which 18 of 43 and 5 of 11 of the residues are prolines) and a repeat domain consisting of 10 highly conserved 20-amino-acid repeats. A fourth domain consisting of a hydrophobic region too short to serve as a membrane anchor and a poorly charged region followed the repeats and preceded the translation stop codon. The C-terminal region of PspA did not possess features conserved among numerous other surface proteins, suggesting that PspA is attached to the cell by a mechanism unique among known surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria. The repeat domain of PspA was found to have significant homology with C-terminal repeat regions of proteins from Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus downei, Clostridium difficile, and S. pneumoniae. Comparisons of these regions with respect to functions and homologies suggested that, through evolution, the repeat regions may have lost or gained a mechanism for attachment to the bacterial cell.
Energy-Efficient Non-Orthogonal Transmission under Reliability and Finite Blocklength Constraints

This paper investigates an energy-efficient non- orthogonal transmission design problem for two downlink receivers that have strict reliability and finite blocklength (latency) constraints. The Shannon capacity formula widely used in traditional designs needs the assumption of infinite blocklength and thus is no longer appropriate. We adopt the newly finite blocklength coding capacity formula for explicitly specifying the trade-off between reliability and code blocklength. How- ever, conventional successive interference cancellation (SIC) may become infeasible due to heterogeneous blocklengths. We thus consider several scenarios with different channel conditions and with/without SIC. By carefully examining the problem structure, we present in closed-form the optimal power and code blocklength for energy-efficient transmissions. Simulation results provide interesting insights into conditions for which non-orthogonal transmission is more energy efficient than the orthogonal transmission such as TDMA.
Probabilistic Matching for 3 D Scan Registration

In this paper we consider the problem of three-dimensional scan registration for autonomous mobile vehicles. The problem of 3D scan matching is of enormous importance for the construction of metric representations of the environment, for localization, and for navigation planning in the three-dimensional space. We present a probabilistic technique that computes a probability density for each pair of scans and then performs the registration using a greedy hill-climbing search in the likelihood space. We compare our approach with the ICP-algorithm which currently is the most popular technique for matching 3D range scans. We present experiments illustrating that the estimation error of the ICP algorithm is significantly higher than the resulting error obtained with our probabilistic approach.
Maturity model of the integration of informationization and industrialization based on grey clustering

This article compared and analyzed the research of informationization and industrialization of China and foreign; And learn from the Capability Maturity Model theory and evaluation criteria, proposed maturity grading standard of the integration of the two (the integration of informationization and industrialization); Then the maturity evaluation index system of the integration of the two was constructed, based on this, we constructed maturity evaluation model based on grey clustering; Finally, taking Jiangsu Province as the empirical object, this paper provided an empirical analysis for the integration of the two of South- Jiangsu, Central-Jiangsu, and North- Jiangsu.
Statistical Zero-Knowledge Arguments for NP from Any One-Way Function

We show that every language in NP has a statistical zero-knowledge argument system under the (minimal) complexity assumption that one-way functions exist. In such protocols, even a computationally unbounded verifier cannot learn anything other than the fact that the assertion being proven is true, whereas a polynomial-time prover cannot convince the verifier to accept a false assertion except with negligible probability. This resolves an open question posed by Naor et al. (1998). Departing from previous works on this problem, we do not construct standard statistically hiding commitments from any one-way function. Instead, we construct a relaxed variant of commitment schemes called "1-out-of-2-binding commitments," recently introduced by Nguyen et al. (2006)
Compression Test Simulation of Controlled Cell Shape Open Cellular Magnesium Alloy under Dynamic Loading

This paper deals with compression test simulations of open cellular magnesium alloy under dynamic loading to analyze the characteristics of energy absorption, Metallic foams are new lightweight materials that have some excellent mechanical and chemical properties. The major characteristics of open cellular Mg alloy are ultra low density (about 0.05 kg/m 3 ) and energy absorption ability. Therefore this material can he used as suitable material for transportation systems. Most studies of metallic foams have been done using the Al close-cell foams so far and there are few studies for Mg open-cell foams. To make the open-cell metallic foams, the polyurethane form is used as the base shapes of metallic foams. As a result, it is very difficult to manufacture foams into the required shapes. If shapes of each cell can be controlled. the mechanical properties of the foams can be designed as expected. In this paper, we simulated the compression test of the shape controlled open-cell materials under dynamic loading made of Mg alloy by Finite Element Method (LS-DYNA). The analyzed sample is 14 mm cubic which includes 27 cell units. The strain rates of simulations are 10 2 . 10 3 and 10 4 s -1 . The sample is compressed between static and moving rigid walls. Simulation results show that the difference of strain rate affects the compression behavior and the total amount of absorbed energy.
Ratio of fetal to maternal DNA is less than 1 in 5000 at different gestational ages in maternal blood

Using Southern hybridization with the DNA probe pY3.4, we were not able to detect fetal DNA in blood of 36 pregnant women carrying male fetuses. Gestational ages ranged from 8–40 weeks of pregnancy. Using the same DNA probe, we were able to detect the male‐specific signal in experimental dilution series down to 1/5000 on autoradiograms. We conclude that the ratio of fetal DNA in maternal circulation, in contrast to previous estimations, must be lower than 1/5000.
Mammalian Base Excision Repair: the Forgotten Archangel

Base excision repair (BER) is a frontline repair system that is responsible for maintaining genome integrity and thus preventing premature aging, cancer and many other human diseases by repairing thousands of DNA lesions and strand breaks continuously caused by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. This fundamental and essential function of BER not only necessitates tight control of the continuous availability of basic components for fast and accurate repair, but also requires temporal and spatial coordination of BER and cell cycle progression to prevent replication of damaged DNA. The major goal of this review is to critically examine controversial and newly emerging questions about mammalian BER pathways, mechanisms regulating BER capacity, BER responses to DNA damage and their links to checkpoint control of DNA replication.
Hidden information and actions in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks

For multi-hop ad hoc networks formed by individually owned nodes, the endpoints can only observe whether or not the end-to-end transaction was successful or not, but not the individual actions of intermediate nodes. Consequently, in the absence of properly designed incentive schemes, rational (i.e., selfish) intermediate nodes may choose to forward data packets at a very low priority or simply drop the packets at all, and it could put the blame on the unreliable wireless channel. Using a principal-agent model, we propose several efficient methods that can eliminate the hidden actions under hidden information in multi-hop wireless networks with high probability. We design several algorithmic mechanisms for a number of routing scenarios such that each selfish agent will maximize its utility (i.e., profit) when it truthfully declares its type (i.e., cost and its actions) and it truthfully follows its declared actions. Our simulations show that the payment by our mechanisms is only slightly larger than the actual cost incurred by all intermediate nodes.
Differences in Rate and Variability of Intracellular Growth of a Panel of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates within a Human Monocyte Model

ABSTRACT Significant differences were observed in the capacities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to grow within human monocytes. Genotyping indicated that the four most rapidly growing isolates were members of the Beijing strain family. M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv provided more reproducible infection than the clinical isolates or M. tuberculosis Erdman.