Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running Head : ADOLESCENT PERSONALITY AND UNEMPLOYMENT 1 Adolescent Conscientiousness Predicts Lower Lifetime Unemployment

Existing research on Big Five personality and unemployment has relied on personality measures elicited after the respondents had already spent years in the labor market, an experience which could change personality. We clarify the direction of influence by using the British Cohort Study (N = 4,206) to examine whether conscientiousness and other Big Five personality traits at age 16-17 predict unemployment over age 16-42. Our hypothesis that higher conscientiousness in adolescence would predict lower unemployment was supported. In analyses controlling for intelligence, gender, and parental socioeconomic status, the less conscientious (-1SD) had a predicted probability of unemployment twice as high (3.4% vs 1.7%) as the highly conscientious (+1SD), an effect size comparable to intelligence. Mediation analysis revealed that academic motivation and educational attainment explained only 8.9% of this association. Fostering conscientiousness in early-life may be an effective way to reduce unemployment throughout adulthood.
Whose side are they on? Children's interpretation of perspective-dependent prepositions

Spatial prepositions express relations between objects in space. A subset of spatial prepositions is ambiguous due to the different perspectives from which these spatial relations can be considered. The ability to consider another person’s perspective is still developing in children. This study investigates how Dutch-speaking children (mean age 10;1) and adults interpret perspective-dependent spatial prepositions uttered by a speaker. We found that adults took the speaker’s perspective in a third of the cases, whereas children did so in a sixth of the cases. No differences in interpretation emerged between prepositions in assertions and requests, although these different speech acts reflect different speaker intentions. In general, children performed like adults, but less often took the speaker’s perspective with naast compared to voor and achter in assertions. We conclude that 10-year-olds can take another person’s perspective when interpreting spatial prepositions, but, like adults, only do so in a minority of cases.
Coxiella burnetii and Leishmania mexicana residing within similar parasitophorous vacuoles elicit disparate host responses

Coxiella burnetii is a bacterium that thrives in an acidic parasitophorous vacuole (PV) derived from lysosomes. Leishmania mexicana, a eukaryote, has also independently evolved to live in a morphologically similar PV. As Coxiella and Leishmania are highly divergent organisms that cause different diseases, we reasoned that their respective infections would likely elicit distinct host responses despite producing phenotypically similar parasite-containing vacuoles. The objective of this study was to investigate, at the molecular level, the macrophage response to each pathogen. Infection of THP-1 (human monocyte/macrophage) cells with Coxiella and Leishmania elicited disparate host responses. At 5 days post-infection, when compared to uninfected cells, 1057 genes were differentially expressed (746 genes up-regulated and 311 genes down-regulated) in C. burnetii infected cells, whereas 698 genes (534 genes up-regulated and 164 genes down-regulated) were differentially expressed in L. mexicana infected cells. Interestingly, of the 1755 differentially expressed genes identified in this study, only 126 genes (~7%) are common to both infections. We also discovered that 1090 genes produced mRNA isoforms at significantly different levels under the two infection conditions, suggesting that alternate proteins encoded by the same gene might have important roles in host response to each infection. Additionally, we detected 257 micro RNAs (miRNAs) that were expressed in THP-1 cells, and identified miRNAs that were specifically expressed during Coxiella or Leishmania infections. Collectively, this study identified host mRNAs and miRNAs that were influenced by Coxiella and/or Leishmania infections, and our data indicate that although their PVs are morphologically similar, Coxiella and Leishmania have evolved different strategies that perturb distinct host processes to create and thrive within their respective intracellular niches.
A case study: Intelligent false alarm reduction using fuzzy if-then rules in network intrusion detection

Nowadays, network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs) have become an essential part for the network security infrastructure. However, the large number of false alarms is a big problem for these detection systems which greatly reduces their effectiveness and efficiency. To mitigate this problem, we have developed an intelligent false alarm filter to help filter out false alarms by adaptively and periodically selecting the most appropriate machine learning algorithms (e.g., support vector machine, decision tree, k-nearest neighbor) that conduct the best single-algorithm performance. Therefore, our intelligent false alarm filter can keep reducing the number of false alarms at a high and stable level. In this paper, we aim to conduct a case study in exploring the performance of our developed false alarm filter by implementing a fuzzy classifier based on if-then rules. By comparing with other algorithms that have been implemented in our false alarm filter, the experimental results show that the if-then rules based fuzzy algorithm performs a bit better than the baseline algorithm and can be improved by selecting an appropriate fuzzy partition.
Capon/APES based SAR processing: Practical considerations

This paper discusses the use of Capon's Minimum Variance Method (MVM) and Amplitude and Phase EStimation APES spectral estimation algorithms to SAR range-azimuth focusing. The rationale of the algorithms is explained. An implementation of a Capon or APES processing chain is described. Results using RADARSAT-2 Quad Pol data over Barcelona are used to qualitatively study the real-life performance of these algorithms.
Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

In the early 1980s Jeff Hall and Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University and Mike Young at Rockefeller University set out to isolate the period (per) gene, which was recovered in a revolutionary genetic screen by Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer for mutants that altered circadian behavioral rhythms. Over the next 15 years the Hall, Rosbash and Young labs made a series of groundbreaking discoveries that defined the molecular timekeeping mechanism and formed the basis for them being awarded the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Here the authors recount their experiences as post-docs in the Hall, Rosbash and Young labs from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, and provide a perspective of how basic research conducted on a simple model system during that era profoundly influenced the direction of the clocks field and established novel approaches that are now standard operating procedure for studying complex behavior.
A Constraint Language for Process Model Induction

We define the inductive process modeling task as the automated construction of quantitative process models from time series and background knowledge. In this task, the background knowledge comprises generic processes that along with a given set of entities define the space of candidate model structures. Typically this space grows exponentially with the size of the library, so past research introduced a hierarchical organization on the processes to constrain that space to a limited set of plausible configurations. However, organizing the processes into a hierarchy takes considerable effort, leads to implicit constraints, and creates a complex relationship between the knowledge of what processes exist and the knowledge of how one can combine them. To address these problems, we developed SC-IPM, an inductive process modeler that uses declarative constraints to reduce the size of the model structure space. In this paper, we describe the constraint formalism and how it guides SC-IPM’s search.
Energy-Aware Cooperation Strategy With Uncoordinated Group Relays for Delay-Sensitive Services

Due to channel fading and user mobility in wireless networks, quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning for multimedia services requires great effort. It is even more challenging to support the fast-growing multimedia services in a green manner. As a promising technique, cooperative communications make use of the broadcasting nature of the wireless medium to facilitate data transmission, and it can achieve energy saving. To support the delay-sensitive multimedia services in an energy-efficient manner, we consider a new framework in this paper where multiple source-destination pairs share a group of relays with an energy constraint. We also propose an effective uncoordinated cooperation strategy, which is based on the backoff timer. The theoretical performance bounds of the proposed strategy are derived with respect to the collision probability and the transmission success probability. As shown in the numerical and simulation results, the proposed strategy outperforms a probability-based uncoordinated strategy in terms of average packet delay, delay outage probability, and energy consumption. Further, we investigate the scalability of our proposed strategy and find that it can be deployed in a large-scale network.
SINCA: Scalable in-memory event aggregation using clustered operators

Analytical processing of various information created in the operation of social media requires queries involving grouping and aggregating of large volumes of detail data. Any advanced query processing method should take into account two dominating hardware trends: increasing main memory capacities and increasing parallel processing capacity exposed as growing number of cores per processor chip. We introduce a scalable in-memory method for data aggregation (SINCA), using clustered operators, which profits from the hardware trends. The method uses a concept of a microengine being a set of resources that can be utilized in parallel, with great efficiency. The resulting parallelized aggregation algorithm is characterized by a low overhead and high volume, and is suitable to both real-time and extract-transform-load scenarios. The core idea of the method is to use real-time histograms to partition the data for grouping. As the data is already grouped during the partitioning phase, the group aggregation can be done very efficiently. Additionally, some of the grouped data can be cached for re-use in subsequent queries.
β2-microglobulin–deficient Mice Are Resistant to Bullous Pemphigoid

Recent understanding of the mechanism of immunoglobulin G (IgG) catabolism has yielded new insight into antibody-mediated diseases. We proposed that β2-microglobulin (β2m)–deficient mice have been protected from systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)–like syndromes because they lack the β2m-associated IgG protection receptor (FcRn) and therefore catabolize IgG, including pathogenic IgG autoantibodies, considerably more rapidly than normal mice. Such an hypothesis would predict that β2m-deficient mice would also be resistant to experimental bullous pemphigoid, a disease with a pathogenesis thought to be much simpler than SLE, being the result of antibody directed toward a pathogenic epitope on the epidermal hemidesmosome that anchors basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane. To test this hypothesis, we administered pathogenic rabbit antibody directed toward the hemidesmosome to β2m-deficient mice and to normal control mice, both intraperitoneally and intradermally, and assessed the mice clinically, histologically, and immunologically for manifestations of skin disease. We found that the β2m-deficient mice were protected when the antibody was given intraperitoneally whereas intradermal administration resulted in blisters only slightly less severe than those seen in normal mice. These data would indicate that autoantibody-mediated inflammation might be prevented or controlled by appropriate modulation of FcRn function.
Hot Horizontal-Branch Stars in the Galactic Bulge. I.

We present the first results of a survey of blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars in the Galactic bulge. In this exploratory study, candidates with 15 ≤ V ≤ 17.5 covering a wide range in B-V color were selected from Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) Schmidt UBV photometry. Blue spectra were recorded at 2.4 Å FWHM resolution for 164 stars in a 1.3 deg2 field, ~7. °5 from the Galactic center. Radial velocities were measured for all stars. For stars with strong Balmer lines, we devised and applied a spectroscopic technique to determine stellar temperature Teff, gravity log g, and metallicity [Fe/H] independent of reddening. The reddening and distance to each star were then found from UBV photometry. Reddening proved highly variable, with E(B-V) ranging from 0.0 to 0.55, around a mean of 0.28. The B-V colors of cool HB stars of solar metallicity reddened by E(B-V) ≥ 0.3 overlap those of foreground main-sequence stars, but the U-B versus B-V diagram distinguishes these groups until E(B-V) > 0.5. Forty-seven BHB candidates were identified with Teff ≥ 7250 K. Seven have the gravities of Population I stars, three are ambiguous, and 37 are HB stars, including perhaps a dozen RR Lyrae stars. The unambiguous BHB stars are all cooler than 9000 K. They span a wide metallicity range, from solar to 1/300 solar. The warmer BHB stars are more metal-poor and loosely concentrated toward the Galactic center, while the cooler ones are of somewhat higher metallicity and are situated closer to the center. We detect two cool solar-metallicity HB stars in the bulge of our own Galaxy, the first such stars known. Still elusive are their fainter hot counterparts, the metal-rich sdB/O stars strong in ultraviolet light.
Learner and Information Characteristics in the Design of Powerful Learning Environments

SUMMARY This themed issue aims to present some current directions in cognitive load research. The contributions to this issue represent a compilation of symposia contributions to the 11th European Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI), 2005, in Nicosia, Cyprus. These cognitive load symposia were focused on empirical and theoretical perspectives on designing powerful learning environments by aligning learner characteristics, information characteristics, or both with the knowledge structures underlying the cognitive architecture. This article provides an
A scalable multicast architecture for one-to-many telepresentations

We have developed a scalable reliable multicast architecture for delivering one-to-many telepresentations. In contrast to audio and video, which are often transmitted unreliably other media, such as slides, images and animations require reliability. Our approach transmits the data in two layers. One layer is for session-persistent data, with reliability achieved by FEC alone, using the Fcast protocol. The other layer is for dynamic data, with reliability achieved using the ECSRM protocol, which combines FEC with NACK suppression. Our approach is scalable to large heterogeneous receiver sets, and supports late-joining receivers. We have implemented our approach in a multicast version of PowerPoint, a graphical slide presentation tool.
Closed-chain motion with large mechanical advantage

One of the constraints that severely limit the capability of highly redundant manipulator arms is the actuator torque limits. This paper presents a way to achieve large effective forces from weak actuators by exploiting the large mechanical advantage that results from systems near singularities. While large mechanical advantages have been applied near singularities in many instances, this method allows the application of this large force over a large distance. It is applied specifically to closed chain mechanisms and demonstrated on the PolyBot modular self-reconfigurable robot.
Mitochondrial DNA Instability and Metabolic Shift in Human Cancers

A shift in glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is one of the biochemical hallmarks of tumor cells. Mitochondrial defects have been proposed to play an important role in the initiation and/or progression of various types of cancer. In the past decade, a wide spectrum of mutations and depletion of mtDNA have been identified in human cancers. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that activation of oncogenes or mutation of tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, can lead to the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes or inhibition of the biogenesis or assembly of respiratory enzyme complexes such as cytochrome c oxidase. These findings may explain, at least in part, the well documented phenomena of elevated glucose uptake and mitochondrial defects in cancers. In this article, we review the somatic mtDNA alterations with clinicopathological correlations in human cancers, and their potential roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastasis. The signaling pathways involved in the shift from aerobic metabolism to glycolysis in human cancers are also discussed.
A Two-Phase Heuristic Construction of Feature Sets for Classification

The aim of feature selection applied to a classification task is to find a minimal subset of features for being used in the classification. Some researches have focused their effort on selecting a useful set of attributes, others on selecting a relevant and not redundant set of attributes. We proposed a heuristic construction algorithm for selecting a useful and not redundant subset of features. The algorithm proposed belongs to the filter approach and make use of a correlation measure for the task.
Cognitive Based Distributed Sensing, Processing, and Communication

INTRODUCTION The greatest challenge to modern sensor processing is computational complexity and limited communication bandwidth. Consider a multi sensor distributed image communication system for real time situation monitoring. An example of such system would be security video surveillance consisting of multiple cameras covering a certain area. Image sequences from the cameras provide multiple views of the same ABSTRACT Perception, cognition, and higher cognitive abilities of the mind are considered here within a neural modeling fields (NMF) paradigm. Its fundamental mathematical mechanism is a process " from vague-fuzzy to crisp, " called dynamic logic. The chapter discusses why this paradigm is necessary mathematically , and relates it to a psychological description of the mind. Surprisingly, the process from " vague to crisp " corresponds to Aristotelian understanding of mental functioning. Recent fMRI measurements confirmed this process in neural mechanisms of perception. After an overview of NMF, the chapter describes solutions to two important problems: target tracking and situation recognition. Both problems can be solved within the NMF framework using the same basic algorithm. The chapter then discusses the challenges of using NMF and outlines the directions of future research. area from different vantage points. The timing of the images is not synchronized. Human operators are usually overwhelmed by the amount of visual information that has to be processed in real time. There is a strong need for automated detection of events of interest and bringing them to operator's attention. The challenges for such automation are (1) information fusion, (2) object detection, classification, and tracking, and (3) situation classification. Information fusion associates the data from different cameras that originated from the same object (Hall & Llinas, 2001). This task is difficult due to multiple objects in the view, asynchronous image sequences, and the presence of a large number of irrelevant objects. A brute-force algorithm for testing all possible combinations of data points from each camera results in exponential computational time. Object detection and classification is often difficult due to high noise, occlusions by other objects, variations in size, shape, color, and other characteristics of objects falling within the same class (Bishop, 2006). Object tracking, similarly to information fusion, is challenging due to the data association problem (Bar-Shalom & Fortmann, 1988). Finding correspondences between image points that belong to consecutive images may require exponential computational time. Finally, situation classification requires consideration of multiple objects, their spatial relationships, and time evolution. Due to the …
Angewandte Mathematik Und Informatik Universit at Zu K Oln Bases of Cocycle Lattices and Submatrices of a Hadamard Matrix Bases of Cocycle Lattices and Submatrices of a Hadamard Matrix

We study the lattice lat(M) of cocycles of a binary matroid M. By an isomorphism we show that such lattices are equivalent to lattices generated by the columns of proper submatrices of Sylvester matrices of full row length. As an application we show that the cocycle lattice of a recursively deened class of matroids, including all binary matroids of rank four, always has a basis consisting of cocycles.
uvby-$\beta$ photometry of high-velocity and metal-poor stars - XI. Ages of halo and old disk stars

New uvby-β data are provided for 442 high-velocity and metal-poor stars; 90 of these stars have been observed previously by us, and 352 are new. When combined with our previous two photometric catalogues, the data base is now made up of 1533 high-velocity and metal-poor stars, all with uvby-β photometry and complete kinematic data, such as proper motions and radial velocities taken from the literature. Hipparcos, plus a new photometric calibration for M v also based on the Hipparcos parallaxes, provide distances for nearly all of these stars; our previous photometric calibrations give values for E(b - y) and [Fe/H]. The [Fe/H], V(rot) diagram allows us to separate these stars into different Galactic stellar population groups, such as old-thin-disk, thick-disk, and halo. The X histogram, where X is our stellar-population discriminator combining V(rot) and [Fe/H], and contour plots for the [Fe/H], V(rot) diagram both indicate two probable components to the thick disk. These population groups and Galactic components are studied in the (b - y) 0 , M v diagram, compared to the isochrones of Bergbusch & VandenBerg (2001, ApJ, 556, 322), to derive stellar ages. The two thick-disk groups have the mean characteristics: ([Fe/H], V(rot), Age, σ W' ) (-0 7 dex, 120 km s -1 , 12.5 Gyr, 62.0 km s -1 ), and (-0.4, 160, 10.0, 45.8). The seven most metal-poor halo groups, -2.31 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ -1.31, show a mean age of 13.0 ± 0.2 (mean error) Gyr, giving a mean difference from the WMAP results for the age of the Universe of 0.7 ± 0.3 Gyr. These results for the ages and components of the thick disk and for the age of the Galactic halo field stars are discussed in terms of various models and ideas for the formation of galaxies and their stellar populations.
On a dual-gain approach to noise reduction in the STFT domain

Noise reduction is typically achieved by applying a gain filter to the complex spectrum of the noisy speech signal in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. However, such an approach does not take into account the noncircularity property of the complex speech spectrum. Recently, a widely linear (WL) filtering framework was developed, which can fully take advantage of the second-order statistics of the noncircular speech spectrum for noise reduction. But the optimal WL filters are more complicated to estimate as the estimation involves the use of interframe information. In this paper, we investigate a dual-gain approach, which achieves noise reduction by applying one gain to filter the real part and another gain to filter the imaginary part of the complex noisy spectrum. We show that this approach can be viewed as a particular case of the WL framework. Compared to the classical method with a single gain, this new approach is shown to be able to achieve better noise reduction performance. Another advantage is that the optimal filters with this approach can be implemented using only the current frame of spectra without the need of the interframe information.