Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La dynamique sociomatérielle des logiques institutionnelles dans la profession médicale

Au travers d'une etude de cas unique et interpretative de la profession medicale, cette these propose d'etudier l'usage des artefacts dans la dynamique conjointe des logiques institutionnelles. Pour comprendre la facon dont le changement s'opere, nous avons suivi l'institutionnalisation d'une nouvelle logique emergente. Des medecins generalistes legitiment leur role dans le champ medical par la creation d'un mouvement social a la croisee de plusieurs mondes : une logique professionnelle et une logique basee sur l'evidence. Apres avoir rassemble les differents objets epistemiques mobilises (Knorr -Cetina, 2001), une analyse biographique d'une cinquantaine de medecins a ete realisee par le biais du cycle hermeneutique (Bleicher, 1980 ; Myers, 2013). L'originalite de ce travail se fonde sur l'approche socio-materielle des pratiques (Orlikowski, 2005) percues a la fois comme des traceurs du changement et comme des "performateurs" du changement. Dans le premier cas, d'un point de vue methodologique, il est possible de faire emerger plusieurs logiques institutionnelles (Friedland, 2012) en analysant l'evolution des objets utilises par les medecins dans le temps (Gherardi, 2012) pour comprendre l'agencement des acteurs au cours du changement institutionnel (Lounsbury & Crumley, 2007). Dans le second cas, et a portee theorique, la comprehension de la performativite des objets fournit des explications conceptuelles quant a la propagation d'une logique (Orlikowski & Scott, 2008). Nous explicitons le role des enonces performatifs d'Austin (1962) dans le changement de choix de logique chez les individus a travers une nouvelle notion : le declic.
Foetal programming of brain function and behaviour : A behavioural and molecular characterisation of a murine placental imprinted gene deletion model

Foetal programming describes the process whereby exposure to environmental stimuli or insults during early development can lead to enduring change in structure and function in later life. This concept has found much support in terms of altered metabolic and cardiovascular function from a range of epidemiological and animal studies, but more recent work is highlighting the role that poor foetal nutrition may have on the development of behavioural and psychiatric problems. The biological mechanisms underlying nutritional programming remain uncertain, however compromised placental deficiency and/or foetal endocrine systems (particularly the IGF axis), have been considered to be of paramount importance at the nexus of this foetal-environmental interplay. In the present study, two knockout mouse models of the imprinted Igf2 gene were used to investigate the effects of placental deficiency and foetal growth restriction on brain development and behaviour in later life. Total deletion of the Igf2 gene (7g/2-Null KO) leads to complete ablation of Igf2 expression from all foetal and placental tissue, severe growth deficiency of both the foetus and placenta, and a mouse that is born small (50% of normal size) and remains small for life. However, the Igf2-0 knockout (Igf2-P0 KO) model, where Igf2 expression is only suppressed in the placenta (deletion of the P0 promoter) results in moderate foetal and placental growth retardation and an adult of equivalent size of normal. Intrauterine growth restricted mice from both Igf2 knockout models were tested on a wide range of behavioural batteries, and performance compared with that of wild-type littermates. Since epidemiological studies of humans have commonly demonstrated linkage between nutritional compromise in early life, and ADHD symptoms and anxiety disorders in later life, behavioural tasks sensitive to these behavioural phenotypes were selected for the purpose of present experiments. 7g/2-P0 KO mice displayed heightened levels of stress and anxiety, as indicated by greater startle responses and a marked increase in avoidance behaviour on several conflict-based tests of anxiety. Mice from both Igf2 knockout models exhibited heightened discriminative accuracy in the 5-choice serial reaction time task, but Tg/2-PO KO mice also showed enhanced impulse control. Real-time qPCR revealed differential expression of both GABA- and 5-HT-ergic receptor subtypes in the hippocampus of Igf2-Q KO mice, which may correlate with the observed stress and anxiety related phenotypes. Moreover, alternate splicing of the 5-HT2C receptor in the striatum could underlie the increased impulse control shown by ig/2-P0 KO mice. While the findings of elevated anxiety levels among the Igf2-P0 KO mice are in line with previous work on humans and animals, the heightened attentional performance and impulse control is entirely novel and highlight the importance of further research on the relationship between early life adversities and later ADHD risk.
Addiction and the Vulnerable Self: Modified Dynamic Group Therapy for Substance Abusers

Woody, Luborsky, O'Brien, Childress, McLellan, Foreword. Overview: A. Definitions B. Assumptions: C. The Focus: Affect Regulation, Relationships, Self-esteem, and Self-care. Modification Of Psychodynamic Group Therapy For Substance Abusers: A Conceptual Review, with Golden. Cocaine: A Psychodynamic and Clinical Perspective. Orientation to Group. The Early Group. The Brass Heart: Phases of the Group. Unfinished Business: The Group in Crisis. Becoming Vulnerable: Crisis Resolution. Nine for one: Another Crisis. Nora's Story: The Advanced Group. Technique and Technical Issues.
Racelessness as a Factor in Black Students' School Success: Pragmatic Strategy or Pyrrhic Victory?

Signithia Fordham presents an analysis of the tensions high-achieving Black students feel when they strive for academic success. Students are pulled by their dual relationships to the indigenous Black fictive-kinship system and the individualistic, competitive ideology of American schools. By analyzing ethnographic data on six high-achieving Black high school students, the author finds that the characteristics required for success in society contradict an identification and solidarity with Black culture. Students who feel the conflict between "making it" and group identification develop the particular strategy of racelessness.
Mining regular routes from GPS data for ridesharing recommendations

The widely use of GPS-enabled devices has provided us amount of trajectories related to individuals' activities. This gives us an opportunity to learn more about the users' daily lives and offer optimized suggestions to improve people's trip styles. In this paper, we mine regular routes from a users' historical trajectory dataset, and provide ridesharing recommendations to a group of users who share similar routes. Here, regular route means a complete route where a user may frequently pass through approximately in the same time of day. In this paper, we first divide users' GPS data into individual routes, and a group of routes which occurred in a similar time of day are grouped together by a sliding time window. A frequency-based regular route mining algorithm is proposed, which is robust to slight disturbances in trajectory data. A feature of Fixed Stop Rate (FSR) is used to distinguish the different types of transport modes. Finally, based on the mined regular routes and transport modes, a grid-based route table is constructed for a quick ride matching. We evaluate our method using a large GPS dataset collected by 178 users over a period of four years. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively extract the regular routes and generate rideshare plan among users. This work may help ridesharing to become more efficient and convenient.
A COLLABORATIVE FILTERING APPROACH TO SPONSORED SEARCH

Search engine logs contain a large amount of click-through data that can be leveraged as soft indicators of relevance. In this paper we address the sponsored search retrieval problem which is to find and rank relevant ads to a search query. We propose a new technique to determine the relevance of an ad document for a search query using click-through data. The method builds on a collaborative filtering approach to discover new ads related to a query using a click graph. It is implemented on a graph with several million edges and scales to larger sizes easily. The proposed method is compared to three different baselines that are state-of-the-art for a commercial search engine. Evaluations on editorial data as well as online traffic data indicate that the model discovers many new ads not retrieved by the baseline methods. The ads from the new approach are on average of better quality than the baselines. In addition to the proposed approach our experimental methodology of evaluation on live traffic is a novel contribution to the academic literature.
Lack of myoepithelium in apocrine glands of the breast does not necessarily imply malignancy

Sir: An 80 · 50 · 45 mm-large, partly cystic, but mainly solid, firm and rather circumscribed breast tumour was removed from a 44-year-old woman. In keeping with preoperative findings, a fibroepithelial tumour consistent with low-grade phyllodes tumour was seen on microscopy. It demonstrated complex epithelial features including small foci of myoepithelial hyperplasia, lobular neoplasia and a number of cystic lumens, many of which were lined by apocrine cells. Apocrine metaplasia was also noted in non-cystic areas. The lobular architecture was retained in some foci of the lesion. The most interesting feature of the epithelial component was the presence of several distinct foci of apocrine glands devoid of myoepithelial cells often arranged in an organoid (lobular) pattern (Figures 1 and 2). The larger apocrine glands without myoepithelium often showed dissociation from the stroma, resulting in an irregular outline, but the smaller glands had smooth regular outlines. Immunohistochemistry with myoepithelial markers including smooth muscle actin, p63, S100 protein and calponin also demonstrated lack of myoepithelium, but a faint basement membrane could be identified with collagen IV immunohistochemistry. Other apocrine cysts, distinct from the foci in question, had regular, well-preserved or attenuated myoepithelium (Figure 3); a larger apocrine cyst even showed transition from an area with to one without myoepithelium.
Associations between premarital sex and leaving school in four sub-Saharan African countries.

With the spread of formal schooling in sub-Saharan Africa and delays in the age at marriage, a growing proportion of adolescents remain enrolled in school when they "come of age. " As a consequence, more and more adolescents have to negotiate sexual maturation and sexual initiation in a vastly different context from that of prior generations. Using data from the 2004 National Survey of Adolescents conducted in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda, we investigate the empirical association between premarital sex and leaving school among those who were enrolled in school at the outset of adolescence (age 12). Discrete-time logistic regression models show that, in general, girls are more likely than boys to leave school before completing secondary school, before completing primary school, and, among those completing primary school, before progressing to secondary school. Girls who complete primary school, however, do so at the same age as or a younger age than their male peers. Girls appear more vulnerable to leaving school once they engage in premarital sex. These findings can assist researchers, policymakers, program managers, and educators in understanding and addressing the challenges to educational attainment posed by the increasing proportion of school-aged adolescents engaging in premarital sex.
The Impact of Parks on Property Values: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

The real estate market consistently demonstrates that many people are willing to pay a larger amount for a property located close to a park than for a house that does not offer this amenity. The higher value of these residences means that their owners pay higher property taxes. In many instances, if the incremental amount of taxes paid by each property which is attributable to the presence of a nearby park is aggregated, it is sufficient to pay the annual debt charges required to retire the bonds used to acquire and develop the park. This process of capitalization of park land into the value of nearby properties is termed the “proximate principle. ” Results of approximately 30 studies which have empirically investigated the extent and legitimacy of the proximate principle are reported, starting with Frederick Law Olmsted's study of the impact of New York's Central Park. Only five studies were not supportive of the proximate principle and analysis of them suggested these atypical results may be attributable to methodological deficiencies. As a point of departure, the studies' results suggest that a positive impact of 20% on property values abutting or fronting a passive park area is a reasonable starting point. If it is a heavily used park catering to large numbers of active recreation users, then the proximate value increment may be minimal on abutting properties, but may reach 10% on properties two or three blocks away.
A Complex of the Srb8, -9, -10, and -11 Transcriptional Regulatory Proteins from Yeast*

The Srb8, -9, -10, and -11 proteins of yeast have been isolated as a discrete, stoichiometric complex. The isolated complex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II at serines 2 and 5. In addition to the previously reported human homologs of Srb10 and 11, we have identified TRAP230/ARC240 and TRAP240/ARC250 as the human homologs of Srb8 and Srb9, showing the entire Srb8/9/10/11 complex is conserved from yeast to humans.
Terminal Differentiation, Advanced Organotypic Maturation, and Modeling of Hypertrophic Growth in Engineered Heart Tissue

Rationale: Cardiac tissue engineering should provide “realistic” in vitro heart muscle models and surrogate tissue for myocardial repair. For either application, engineered myocardium should display features of native myocardium, including terminal differentiation, organotypic maturation, and hypertrophic growth. Objective: To test the hypothesis that 3D-engineered heart tissue (EHT) culture supports (1) terminal differentiation as well as (2) organotypic assembly and maturation of immature cardiomyocytes, and (3) constitutes a methodological platform to investigate mechanisms underlying hypertrophic growth. Methods and Results: We generated EHTs from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and compared morphological and molecular properties of EHT and native myocardium from fetal, neonatal, and adult rats. We made the following key observations: cardiomyocytes in EHT (1) gained a high level of binucleation in the absence of notable cytokinesis, (2) regained a rod-shape and anisotropic sarcomere organization, (3) demonstrated a fetal-to-adult gene expression pattern, and (4) responded to distinct hypertrophic stimuli with concentric or eccentric hypertrophy and reexpression of fetal genes. The process of terminal differentiation and maturation (culture days 7–12) was preceded by a tissue consolidation phase (culture days 0–7) with substantial cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dynamic extracellular matrix restructuring. Conclusions: This study documents the propensity of immature cardiomyocytes to terminally differentiate and mature in EHT in a remarkably organotypic manner. It moreover provides the rationale for the utility of the EHT technology as a methodological bridge between 2D cell culture and animal models.
Cerebellar cortical neuron responses evoked from the spinal border cell tract

Spinocerebellar systems are likely to be crucial for cerebellar hallmark functions such as coordination. However, in terms of cerebellar functional analyses, these are perhaps among the least explored systems. The aim of the present study is to achieve activation of a single component of the spinocerebellar systems and to explore to what extent it can influence the spike output of granule cells, Golgi cells, molecular layer (ML) interneurons (stellate and basket cells) and Purkinje cells (PCs). For this purpose, we took advantage of a unique arrangement discovered in neuroanatomical studies, in which the spinal border cell (SBC) component of the ventral spinocerebellar system was found to be the only spinocerebellar tract which ascends in the contralateral lateral funiculus (coLF) and have terminations in sublobulus C1 of the paramedian lobule in the posterior cerebellum. Using electrical stimulation of this tract, we find a subset of the cerebellar cortical neurons in this region to be moderately or powerfully activated. For example, some of our granule cells displayed high intensity responses whereas the majority of the granule cells displayed no response at all. The finding that more than half of the PCs were activated by stimulation of the SBC tract indicated that this system is capable of directly influencing cerebellar cortical output. The implications of these findings for the view of the integrative functions of the cerebellar cortex are discussed.
Identifying Ethical Hypernorms For Accounting Educators

Accounting educators have a unique role in academe because students learn about codes of ethics that will guide their actions as professionals. We identify hypernorms related to internal auditing educators that reflect unethical behaviors believed to be universally unacceptable by that community. We then compare the results to a prior survey of accounting educators and identify ethical principles for accounting academics in their roles as teachers and researchers. The results might help to develop a code of ethics for accounting educators to help them serve as role models for students as they prepare to enter the accounting profession.
An experiment in the use of synthetic programs for system benchmarking

Competitive computer system selection requires a tool for minimum performance measurement. The selection process must be fair and, ideally, brief and economical. Thus, the measurement tool must be visibly fair and impartial in its measurement of a computer system, it must relate what is being measured to user needs, and it must be economical to apply. The thrust of several ongoing "standard benchmark" efforts in the Department of Defense and other Federal Government agencies is to develop a measurement tool with these qualities.
Insight into the Effects of Adipose Tissue Inflammation Factors on miR-378 Expression and the Underlying Mechanism

Background/Aims: Obesity and the related metabolic syndrome have emerged as major public health issues in modern society. miRNAs have been shown to play key roles in regulating obesity-related metabolic syndrome, and some miRNAs regulated by adiponectin were identified as novel targets for controlling adipose tissue inflammation. miR-378 is a candidate target that was shown to be involved in adipose differentiation, mitochondrial metabolism and systemic energy homeostasis. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of miR-378 expression. To better understand the physiological role of miR-378 in obesity and metabolic syndrome, it is crucial that we understand the regulation of miR-378 gene expression in human adipocytes. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines on miR-378 expression using Real-time PCR and the potential regulatory mechanisms using luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results: We found that adipokines and cytokines upregulated miR-378 expression primarily through SREBP and C/EBP binding sites in the miR-378 promoter region. Conclusion: Our findings showed that adipokines induced miR-378 expression and revealed the most likely mechanism of adipokine-induced miR-378 dysregulation in human adipocytes. miRNAs have been shown to function in regulating obesity-related metabolic syndrome, and miR-378 may be a novel target for controlling adipose tissue inflammation. This study offers a theoretical basis for understanding systemic adipose tissue inflammation and may provide new strategies for clinical treatment.
Sex Differences in Myocardial Salvage and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Acute Reperfused ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging

Background— There is conflicting evidence regarding sex-based differences in myocardial salvage and clinical outcome in patients after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are sex-associated differences in infarct characteristics (myocardial salvage, infarct size, microvascular obstruction) and clinical outcome in STEMI patients who are reperfused by primary angioplasty. Methods and Results— In this study, we included 96 women and 239 men with STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty <12 hours after symptom onset. T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI was used to assess myocardial salvage, infarct size, and microvascular obstruction. The primary clinical end point was mortality within 6 months after the index event. The amount of myocardium at risk and final infarct size did not differ significantly between women and men. Consequently, myocardial salvage was similar between groups (P=0.36). Women had a higher in-hospital (3% versus 10%; P=0.03) and 30-day (5% versus 11%; P=0.05) mortality rate than did men. Six months after infarction, no significant sex differences in survival were obvious (11% versus 7%; P=0.21). After adjustment for baseline differences (age, diabetes, hypertension), female sex was not an independent predictor of mortality and major adverse cardiac events. Conclusions— The efficacy of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (myocardial salvage) in patients with STEMI is not sex dependent. Although women STEMI patients had worse unadjusted in-hospital and 30-day clinical outcomes than did men, multivariate analysis revealed that the observed sex-based differences in early death after STEMI were likely related to differences in baseline risk and clinical characteristics.
Prospects of oral disease control in the future – an opinion

The mouth supports a diverse microbiota which provides major benefits to the host. On occasions, this symbiotic relationship breaks down (dysbiosis), and disease can be a consequence. We argue that progress in the control of oral diseases will depend on a paradigm shift away from approaches that have proved successful in medicine for many diseases with a specific microbial aetiology. Factors that drive dysbiosis in the mouth should be identified and, where possible, negated, reduced or removed, while antimicrobial agents delivered by oral care products may function effectively, even at sub-lethal concentrations, by modulating the activity and growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this way, the beneficial activities of the resident oral microbiota will be retained and the risk of dysbiosis occurring will be reduced.