Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Betanodavirus Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Death That Prevented by Anti-Oxidants and Zfcatalase in Fish Cells

The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of RNA nervous necrosis virus infection is still unknown. Red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) induced free radical species (ROS) production at 12–24 h post-infection (pi; early replication stage) in fish GF-1 cells, and then at middle replication stage (24–48 h pi), this ROS signal may upregulate some expressions of the anti-oxidant enzymes Cu/Zn SOD and catalase, and eventually expression of the transcription factor Nrf2. Furthermore, both antioxidants diphenyliodonium and N-acetylcysteine or overexpression of zebrafish catalase in GF-1 cells also reduced ROS production and protected cells for enhancing host survival rate due to RGNNV infection. Furthermore, localization of ROS production using esterase activity and Mitotracker staining assays found that the ROS generated can affect mitochondrial morphology changes and causes ΔΨ loss, both of which can be reversed by antioxidant treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that RGNNV induced oxidative stress response for playing dual role that can initiate the host oxidative stress defense system to upregulate expression of antioxidant enzymes and induces cell death via disrupting the mitochondrial morphology and inducing ΔΨ loss, which can be reversed by anti-oxidants and zfcatalase, which provide new insight into betanodavirus-induced ROS-mediated pathogenesis.
An Electrophysiological and Psychophysical Analysis of Hypnotic Visual Hallucinations

We examined the physiological and behavioral concomitants of high hypnotizable subjects reporting the capacity to hypnotically hallucinate. Subjects were required to perform a lexical decision task under baseline and four hypnotic hallucination conditions: obstructive, transparent, negative, and semantic. Analyses were conducted on various evoked potential components and psychophysical indices (RTs, sensitivity, response bias). Overall, hypnotic hallucinations did not alter VEPs over baseline; however, more liberal analyses indicated that the obstructive hallucination produced suppressions in the VEPs at P1 (left occipital), P2 (midline parietal) and P3 (midline parietal) compared to baseline. P1 latencies were also larger in the obstructive condition. Lexical decisions took longer in the hallucination conditions, and both sensitivity and response bias were reduced in these conditions. The relationship of these indices to attention are discussed.
FIRE TEXTURE SOUND RE-SYNTHESIS USING SPARSE DECOMPOSITIO N AND NOISE MODELLING

ABSTRACTIn this paper we introduce a framework that represents environ-mental texture sounds as a linear superposition of independentforeground and background layers that roughly correspond to en-tities in the physical production of the sound. Sound samples aredecomposed into a sparse representation with the matching pur-suit algorithm and a dictionary of Daubechies wavelet atoms. Anagglomerative clustering procedure groups atoms into short tran-sient molecules. A foreground layer is generated by samplingthese sound molecules from a distribution, whose parameters areestimated from the input sample. The residual signal is modelledby an LPC-based source-ﬁlter model, synthesizing the backgroundsound layer. The capability of the system is demonstrated with aset of ﬁre sounds.1. INTRODUCTIONMany sounds in our daily surroundings have textural properties—yet sound texture is a term difﬁcult to deﬁne, because these soundsareoften perceived subconsciously and inacontext-dependent way.Sound textures exhibit some of the statistical properties that arenormally attributed to noise, but they arguably do convey informa-tion; not so much in an information theoretic sense, but rather asa carrier of emotional and situational percepts [14]. Indeed, soundtexture—often denoted atmosphere—forms an important part ofthe sound scene in real life, in movies, games and virtual environ-ments.Current sound texture synthesis models don’t normally takethe physical and perceptual characteristicsof aspeciﬁc so urce soundtype into account. Concatenative or granular methods, such as theones in [7, 13, 16] capture the characteristics of the source ma-terial by segmenting the original sound into small segments andreassembling them according to a statistics either estimated fromthe source or based on heuristics. Other models borrow from re-lated ﬁelds in signal processing, for example by extending a n LPC-based source-ﬁlter model with a model of the residual’s temporalvariations [1, 18] or by learning coefﬁcient sequences in wa veletdomain representations [5]. Parametric statistical models promiseinsight into possible dependencies between a sound’s wavelet co-
Predicting Ad Liking and Purchase Intent: Large-Scale Analysis of Facial Responses to Ads

Billions of online video ads are viewed every month. We present a large-scale analysis of facial responses to video content measured over the Internet and their relationship to marketing effectiveness. We collected over 12,000 facial responses from 1,223 people to 170 ads from a range of markets and product categories. The facial responses were automatically coded frame-by-frame. Collection and coding of these 3.7 million frames would not have been feasible with traditional research methods. We show that detected expressions are sparse but that aggregate responses reveal rich emotion trajectories. By modeling the relationship between the facial responses and ad effectiveness, we show that ad liking can be predicted accurately (ROC AUC = 0.85) from webcam facial responses. Furthermore, the prediction of a change in purchase intent is possible (ROC AUC = 0.78). Ad liking is shown by eliciting expressions, particularly positive expressions. Driving purchase intent is more complex than just making viewers smile: peak positive responses that are immediately preceded by a brand appearance are more likely to be effective. The results presented here demonstrate a reliable and generalizable system for predicting ad effectiveness automatically from facial responses without a need to elicit self-report responses from the viewers. In addition we can gain insight into the structure of effective ads.
How are doctoral students supervised? Concepts of doctoral research supervision

Literature about doctoral supervision has concentrated on describing the ever lengthening lists of functions that must be carried out. This functional approach is necessary, but there has been little exploration of a different paradigm, a conceptual approach towards research supervision. This article, based on interviews with supervisors from a range of disciplines, aims to fill this gap. The main concepts identified are: functional – where the issue is one of project management; enculturation – where the student is encouraged to become a member of the disciplinary community; critical thinking – where the student is encouraged to question and analyse their work; emancipation – where the student is encouraged to question and develop themselves; and developing a quality relationship – where the student is enthused, inspired and cared for. Supervisors of doctoral students are also trying to reconcile the tensions between their professional role as an academic and their personal self, as well as encouraging students to move along a path towards increasing independence. The concepts are examined in the light of these tensions. Finally, the research illuminates the power of the supervisor’s own experience as a student, and suggests that supervisors need to be aware of both the positive and negative aspects of each of these conceptual approaches.
Different types of V(D)J recombination and end‐joining defects in DNA double‐strand break repair mutant mammalian cells

The end‐joining pathway of DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair is necessary for proper V(D)J recombination and repair of DSB caused by ionizing radiation. This DNA repair pathway can either use short stretches of (micro)homology near the DNA ends or use no homology at all (direct end‐joining). We designed assays to determine the relative efficiencies of these (sub)pathways of DNA end‐joining. In one version, a DNA substrate is linearized in such a way that joining on a particular microhomology creates a novel restriction enzyme recognition site. In the other one, the DSB is made by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins. After PCR amplification of the junctions, the different end‐joining modes can be discriminated by restriction enzyme digestion. We show that inactivation of the ‘classic’ end‐joining factors (Ku80, DNA‐PKCS, ligase IV and XRCC4) results in a dramatic increase of microhomology‐directed joining of the linear substrate, but very little decrease in overall joining efficiency. V(D)J recombination, on the other hand, is severely impaired, but also shows a dramatic shift towards microhomology use. Interestingly, two interstrand cross‐linker‐sensitive cell lines showed decreased microhomology‐directed end‐joining, but without an effect on V(D)J recombination. These results suggest that direct end‐joining and microhomology‐directed end‐joining constitute genetically distinct DSB repair pathways.
Toward Establishing Continuity in Linguistic Skills Within Early Infancy

Psycholinguistique, CNRS, IEC-ENS, EHESS A growing research line documents significant bivariate correlations between individual measures of speech perception gathered in infancy and concurrent or later vocabulary size. One interpretation of this correlation is that it reflects language specificity: Both speech perception tasks and the development of the vocabulary recruit the same linguistic modules. However, correlations between infant cognitive measures (such as visual recognition memory) and vocabulary are also significant and display comparable strength.Canallofthesecorrelationsbereducedtoextremelygeneralratherthanspecific factors affecting performance in all laboratory tests? We take a first step in addressing this possibility by estimating the covariance matrix among two speech tasks (preference for the predominant stress pattern and native vowel discrimination) and two cognitive tasks (visual recognition memory and A-not-B), all of them gathered in the same group of infants tested between 5 and 8 months of age. Only the correlation between the two speech tasks was significant, lending little support to the generalist explanation. These dataillustratehowamultivariateapproachmayinformourunderstandingofhowinfants build language in the first year of life and beyond. Future multivariate work following up on the same infants longitudinally will be better able to tease apart cognitive and linguistic contributions to vocabulary development.
A novel offering strategy to reduce profit risk

This paper presents a profit-maximising offering strategy for a price taker power producer participating in the day-ahead spot market as organised under the Power Exchange model. The offering strategy maximises profit by mitigating profit risk due to price forecast uncertainty and due to being accepted by the Market Operator (MO) to produce an infeasible dispatch schedule. The strategy makes use of a price forecast confidence interval to build hourly offer curves. The performance of the offering strategy is assessed using realistic price profiles. The case study is simulated using the agent-based OPTIMATE simulator. Comparison with a literature benchmark offering strategy indicates that the presented offering strategy achieves higher mean profit and reduced profit risk.
Effects of Binaural-Beat Stimulation on Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) lose the ability to structure their own life. Rehabilitation is expensive in time, money and effort. A noninvasive, patient-controlled method, binaural-beat auditory stimulation, may elicit changes in states of consciousness and mood. This study assesses the feasibiliry and efficacy of using this method to improve self-esteem, quality of life and function of daily living for persons suffering from old TBI.
OP05.07: Modelling isolated spina bifida screening performance using axial and sagittal views of the brain and spine anatomy at the 11–13 week scan

Objectives: The aim of this research is to evaluate the modeled predictive value of different features of the fetal anatomy in the detection of isolated open spina bifida, at first-trimester scan. Methods: We retrospectively assessed audited randomized two-dimensional and three-dimensional datasets from 6 cases of open spina bifida and 60 normal fetuses, with no structural or chromosomal associated anomalies, scanned at the same age (12 weeks +4 days). We analyzed direct and indirect signs, using both continuous and categorical variables. Effects were quantified using multiple logistic regression analysis to develop a mathematical model. The performance of screening was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Results: We found many significant markers’ differences between the two groups. We determined the optimum set of features and their effect on OSB diagnosis. The intracranial subjective markers obtained in axial planes (the dry brain phenomenon, position of the Sylvius aqueduct and the crush sign) had the highest potential on improving OSB diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions: Application of intracranial markers performs better than the direct spine assessment. Application of cranial axial views based screening model (the lateral third-ventricle view and the transthalamic view, used for fetal head biometry) resulted in the highest predicted detection rates, thus a better screening performance than using sagittal views. Following a complete protocol in the FT might be the only efficient way to screen for isolated spina bifida at the 11–13-week scan. The findings should be confirmed in population-based prospective studies.
1-V 365- $\mu{\rm W}$  2.5-MHz Channel Selection Filter for 3G Wireless Receiver in 55-nm CMOS

This paper presents a novel 1-V 2.5-MHz continuous-time filter for 3G wireless application, fabricated using a standard 55-nm CMOS process. The four-pole filter topology includes a single pole-tracking Operational Amplifier (OPAMP) structure to achieve low in-band noise levels, high out-of-band linearity, and reduced power consumption. An automatic frequency tuning circuit is developed to compensate for process and environmental variations. The proposed filter achieves inband noise of 18-μV rms and out-of-band IIP3 of 33 dBm within 365 μW. The out-of-band spurious-free dynamic range is measured at 76.7 dB, resulting in a figure-of-merit of 1.24 × 10-4 fJ.
Improving residents' compliance with standards of ambulatory care: results from the VA Cooperative Study on Computerized Reminders.

CONTEXT Computerized systems to remind physicians to provide appropriate care have not been widely evaluated in large numbers of patients in multiple clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To examine whether a computerized reminder system operating in multiple Veterans Affairs (VA) ambulatory care clinics improves resident physician compliance with standards of ambulatory care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 275 resident physicians at 12 VA medical centers were randomly assigned in firms or half-day clinic blocks to either a reminder group (n = 132) or a control group (n = 143). During a 17-month study period (January 31, 1995-June 30, 1996), the residents cared for 12,989 unique patients for whom at least 1 of the studied standards of care (SOC) was applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Compliance with 13 SOC, tracked using hospital databases and encounter forms completed by residents, compared between residents in the reminder group vs those in the control group. RESULTS Measuring compliance as the proportion of patients in compliance with all applicable SOC by their last visit during the study period, the reminder group had statistically significantly higher rates of compliance than the control group for all standards combined (58.8% vs 53.5%; odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.42; P =.002) and for 5 of the 13 standards examined individually. Measuring compliance as the proportion of all visits for which care was indicated in which residents provided proper care, the reminder group also had statistically significantly higher rates of compliance than the control group for all standards combined (17.9% vs 12.2%; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.45-1.71; P<.001) and for 9 of the 13 standards examined individually. The benefit of reminders, however, declined throughout the course of the study, even though the reminders remained active. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that reminder systems installed at multiple sites can improve residents' compliance to multiple SOC. The benefits of such systems, however, appear to deteriorate over time. Future research needs to explore methods to better sustain the benefits of reminders. JAMA. 2000;284:1411-1416.
A low-cost multichannel wireless neural stimulation system for freely roaming animals

Objectives. Electrical stimulation of nerve tissue and recording of neural activity are the basis of many therapies and neural prostheses. Conventional stimulation systems have a number of practical limitations, especially in experiments involving freely roaming subjects. Our main objective was to develop a modular, versatile and inexpensive multichannel wireless system able to overcome some of these constraints. Approach. We have designed and implemented a new multichannel wireless neural stimulator based on commercial components. The system is small (2 cm × 4 cm × 0.5 cm) and light in weight (9 g) which allows it to be easily carried in a small backpack. To test and validate the performance and reliability of the whole system we conducted several bench tests and in vivo experiments. Main results. The performance and accuracy of the stimulator were comparable to commercial threaded systems. Stimulation sequences can be constructed on-the-fly with 251 selectable current levels (from 0 to 250 µA) with 1 µA step resolution. The pulse widths and intervals can be as long as 65 ms in 2 µs time resolution. The system covers approximately 10 m of transmission range in a regular laboratory environment and 100 m in free space (line of sight). Furthermore it provides great flexibility for experiments since it allows full control of the stimulator and the stimulation parameters in real time. When there is no stimulation, the device automatically goes into low-power sleep mode to preserve battery power. Significance. We introduce the design of a powerful multichannel wireless stimulator assembled from commercial components. Key features of the system are their reliability, robustness and small size. The system has a flexible design that can be modified straightforwardly to tailor it to any specific experimental need. Furthermore it can be effortlessly adapted for use with any kind of multielectrode arrays.
A Comparative Model: Reaction Time Performance in Sleep‐Disordered Breathing Versus Alcohol‐Impaired Controls

Objectives/Hypothesis: Patients with sleep‐disordered breathing have reaction time deficits that may lead to catastrophic accidents and loss of life. Although safety guidelines do not exist for unsafe levels of sleepiness, they have been established for unsafe levels of alcohol consumption. Since reaction time performance is altered in both, we prospectively used seven measures of reaction time performance as a comparative model in alcohol‐challenged normal subjects with corresponding measures in subjects with sleep‐disordered breathing.
A Convex Approach to Learning the Ridge based on CV

This paper1 advances results in model selection by relaxing the task of optimally tuning the regularization parameter in a number of algorithms with respect to the classical cross-validation performance criterion as a convex optimization problem. The proposed strategy differs from the scope of e.g. generalized cross-validation (GCV) as it concerns the efficient optimization, not the individual evaluation of the model selection criterion.
The Public Battles over Militarisation and Democracy in Honduras, 1954–1963

This article examines the process of militarisation in Honduras in the 1954–1963 period, also the public reaction to it and its political consequences. The extant literature ignores the significant public opposition to an institutionalised military. As an autonomous military institution was first taking shape in the 1954–57 period, the militarisation issue was one of the dominant themes in the national press, and a sophisticated public debate took place between school teachers and military officials over whether the country needed a military at all, or whether the country should follow the Costa Rican example of military proscription. The 1957–59 period witnessed pressures from politicians, students, and labour to curtail military power and excesses. Finally, the platform of the favourite candidate in the 1963 presidential elections called for demilitarisation and again the Costa Rican model was a high-profile alternative. Demilitarisation played well with the masses, and this contributed to the preemptive military coup just days before the elections. Militarisation affected power relations and undermined democratic consolidation.
Na:Ca Stoichiometry and Cytosolic Ca‐Dependent Activation of NCX in Intact Cardiomyocytes

Abstract: We are studying both Na:Ca exchange stoichiometry and cytosolic [Ca] ([Ca]i)‐dependent regulation of Na–Ca exchange (NCX) in intact rabbit ventricular myocytes. Analysis of NCX fluxes in subcellular systems strongly supports a dominant 3Na:1Ca exchange, and our measurements in intact cells confirm this. However, in intact native cells, local ion gradients and other factors complicate the process of inferring stoichiometry. From a functional viewpoint, NCX stoichiometry is near 3:1 but is affected by ion accumulation/depletion as well as non‐NCX fluxes. We and others have viewed [Ca]i‐dependent NCX regulation as a static process (dependent on instantaneous local [Ca]i). However, evidence from subcellular and expression systems shows the process to be dynamic, and our observations confirm this to be the case in intact cardiac cells as well.
ePortfolio use by university students in Australia: a review of the Australian ePortfolio Project

In October 2008, the Australian Learning and Teaching Council released the final report for the commissioned project ‘ePortfolio use by university students in Australia: Informing excellence in policy and practice’. The Australian ePortfolio Project represented the first attempt to examine the breadth and depth of ePortfolio practice in the Australian higher education sector. The research activities included: surveys of stakeholder groups in learning and teaching, academic management and human resource management, with respondents representing all Australian universities; a series of focus groups and semi‐structured interviews that sought to explore key issues in greater depth; and surveys designed to capture students’ pre‐course expectations and their post‐course experiences of ePortfolio learning. Further qualitative data was collected through interviews with ‘mature users’ of ePortfolios. Project findings revealed that, while there was a high level of interest in the use of ePortfolios in terms of the potential to help students become reflective learners who were conscious of their personal and professional strengths and weaknesses, the state of play in Australian universities was very fragmented. The project investigation identified four individual, yet interrelated, contexts where strategies may be employed to support and foster effective ePortfolio practice in higher education: government policy; technical standards; academic policy; and learning and teaching. Four scenarios for the future were also presented with the goal of stimulating discussion about opportunities for stakeholder engagement. It is argued that the effective use of ePortfolios requires open dialogue and collaboration between the different stakeholders across this range of contexts.