Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED SEPARATION OF EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE

II RÉSUMÉ . III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . IV CONTRIBUTION OF THE AUTHORS . V TABLE OF CONTENTS . VI LIST OF FIGURES . VIII LIST OF TABLES . XI CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES . 2 2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT . 2 2.2 HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES . 2 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE . 5 3.1 STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE . 5 3.2 POLYPEPTIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES OF THE EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE . 7 3.3 POTENTIAL USES OF SEPARATED EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE . 8 3.4 SEPARATION OF EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE . 14 3.5 MICROWAVE AND ITS GENERATION . 16 3.5. 1 Microwave Generation . 17 3.6 MECHANISM OF MICROWAVE HEATING . 21 3.7 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES FOR DETECTION OF PROTEIN DENATURATION IN FOOD SYSTEMS . 22 3.8 SEPARATION OF EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE USING MICROWAVES . 23 3.8. 1 Difficulties in separation of Eggshell and Membrane . 23 CHAPTER 4 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF EGGSHELL AND MEMBRANE . 25 ABSTRACT . 25 4.
A variable parameter parametric snake method

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to parametric snake method by using variable snake parameters. Adopting fixed parameter values for all points of the snake, as usual, constitutes by itself a limitation that leads to poor performances in terms of convergence and tracking properties. A more adapted choice should be the one that allows selection depending on the image region properties as on the contour shape and position. However, such variability is not an easy task in general and a precise method need to be defined to assure contour point dependent tuning at iterations. We were particularly interested in applying this idea to the recently presented parametric method [1]. In the work mentioned, an attraction term is used to improve the convergence of the standard parametric snake without a significant increase in computational load. We show here, that improved performances can ensue from applying variable parameter concepts. For this purpose, the method is first analyzed and then a procedure is developed to assure an automatic variable parameter tuning. The interest of our approach is illustrated through object segmentation results.
Anti-cancer Effect of Luminacin, a Marine Microbial Extract, in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via Autophagic Cell Death

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine whether luminacin, a marine microbial extract from the Streptomyces species, has anti-tumor effects on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines via autophagic cell death. Materials and Methods Inhibition of cell survival and increased cell death was measured using cell viability, colony forming, and apoptosis assays. Migration and invasion abilities of head and cancer cells were evaluated using wound healing, scattering, and invasion assays. Changes in the signal pathway related to autophagic cell death were investigated. Drug toxicity of luminacin was examined in in vitro HaCaT cells and an in vivo zebrafish model. Results Luminacin showed potent cytotoxicity in HNSCC cells in cell viability, colony forming, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. In vitro migration and invasion of HNSCC cells were attenuated by luminacin treatment. Combined with Beclin-1 and LC3B, Luminacin induced autophagic cell death in head and neck cancer cells. In addition, in a zebrafish model and human keratinocyte cell line used for toxicity testing, luminacin treatment with a cytotoxic concentration to HNSCC cells did not cause toxicity. Conclusion Taken together, these results demonstrate that luminacin induces the inhibition of growth and cancer progression via autophagic cell death in HNSCC cell lines, indicating a possible alternative chemotherapeutic approach for treatment of HNSCC.
Decellularized bone extracellular matrix and human dental pulp stem cells as a construct for bone regeneration

Abstract Dental pulp tissue represents a source of mesenchymal stem cells that have a strong differentiation potential towards the osteogenic lineage. The objective of the current study was to examine in vitro osteogenic induction of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) cultured on hydrogel scaffolds derived from decellularized bone extracellular matrix (bECM) compared to collagen type I (Col-I), the major component of bone matrix. DPSCs in combination with bECM hydrogels were cultured under three different conditions: basal medium, osteogenic medium and medium supplemented with growth factors (GFs) and cell growth, mineral deposition, gene and protein expression were investigated. The DPSCs/bECM hydrogel constructs cultured in basal medium showed that cells were viable after three weeks and that the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were significantly upregulated in the absence of extra osteogenic inducers compared to Col-I hydrogel scaffolds. In addition, the protein expression levels of BSP and osteocalcin were higher on bECM with respect to Col-I hydrogel scaffolds. Furthermore, DPSCs/bECM hydrogels cultured with osteogenic or GFs supplemented medium displayed a higher upregulation of the osteo-specific markers compared to Col-I hydrogels in identical media. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bECM hydrogels might be considered as suitable scaffolds to support osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
A Novel Ensemble Based Identification of Phishing E-Mails

Due to high usage of emails, phishing email detection has been an area of interest for a lot of research scientists. Many techniques have been introduced in the past for fraud email detection at the server end. In this paper, we have proposed a novel ensemble classifier for detecting phishing emails by taking inputs from five machine learning algorithms to get maximum accuracy. The performance of the proposed model has been measured on the basis of an open dataset of emails from SpamAssassin public corpus.
Calibration of 3-d.o.f. Translational Parallel Manipulators Using Leg Observations

The paper proposes a novel approach for the geometrical model calibration of quasi-isotropic parallel kinematic mechanisms of the Orthoglide family. It is based on the observations of the manipulator leg parallelism during motions between the specific test postures and employs a low-cost measuring system composed of standard comparator indicators attached to the universal magnetic stands. They are sequentially used for measuring the deviation of the relevant leg location while the manipulator moves the TCP along the Cartesian axes. Using the measured differences, the developed algorithm estimates the joint offsets and the leg lengths that are treated as the most essential parameters. Validity of the proposed calibration technique is confirmed by the experimental results.
The Effectiveness of eHealth Technologies on Weight Management in Pregnant and Postpartum Women: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background The emergence and utilization of electronic health (eHealth) technologies has increased in a variety of health interventions. Exploiting the real-time advantages offered by mobile technologies during and after pregnancy has the potential to empower women and encourage behaviors that may improve maternal and child health. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of eHealth technologies for weight management during pregnancy and the postpartum period and to review the efficacy of eHealth technologies on health behaviors, specifically nutrition and physical activity. Methods A systematic search was conducted of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane database of systematic reviews (CDSR), Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), and PsycINFO. The search included studies published from 1990 to July 5, 2016. All relevant primary studies that involved randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, before-and-after studies, historically controlled studies, and pilot studies were included. The study population was adult women of childbearing age either during pregnancy or the postpartum period. eHealth weight management intervention studies targeting physical activity, nutrition, or both, over a minimum 3-month period were included. Titles and abstracts, as well as full-text screening were conducted. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane’s risk of bias tool. Data extraction was completed by a single reviewer, which was then verified by a second independent reviewer. Results were meta-analyzed to calculate pooled estimates of the effect, wherever possible. Results Overall, 1787 and 176 citations were reviewed at the abstract and full-text screening stages, respectively. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria ranging from high to low risk of bias. Pooled estimates from studies of the effect for postpartum women resulted in a significant reduction in weight (−2.55 kg, 95% CI −3.81 to −1.28) after 3 to 12 months and six studies found a nonsignificant reduction in weight gain for pregnant women (−1.62 kg, 95% CI −3.57 to 0.33) at approximately 40 weeks. Conclusions This review found evidence for benefits of eHealth technologies on weight management in postpartum women only. Further research is still needed regarding the use of these technologies during and after pregnancy.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Versus Delayed Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: ASSORT Trial (Administration of Statin on Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient)

Background and Purpose— Several studies suggested that statins during hospitalization were associated with better disability outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke, but only 1 small randomized trial is available. Methods— We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial in patients with acute ischemic strokes in 11 hospitals in Japan. Patients with acute ischemic stroke and dyslipidemia randomly received statins within 24 hours after admission in the early group or on the seventh day in the delayed group, in a 1:1 ratio. Statins were administered for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was patient disability assessed by modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Results— A total of 257 patients were randomized and analyzed (early 131, delayed 126). At 90 days, modified Rankin Scale score distribution did not differ between groups (P=0.68), and the adjusted common odds ratio of the early statin group was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.53–1.3; P=0.46) compared with the delayed statin group. There were 3 deaths at 90 days (2 in the early group, 1 in the delayed group) because of malignancy. Ischemic stroke recurred in 9 patients (6.9%) in the early group and 5 patients (4.0%) in the delayed group. The safety profile was similar between groups. Conclusions— Our randomized trial involving patients with acute ischemic stroke and dyslipidemia did not show any superiority of early statin therapy within 24 hours of admission compared with delayed statin therapy 7 days after admission to alleviate the degree of disability at 90 days after onset. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02549846.
Obesity-Related Digestive Diseases and Their Pathophysiology

Obesity is a growing medical and public health problem worldwide. Many digestive diseases are related to obesity. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of obesity-related digestive diseases, their pathogenesis, and the medical and metabolic consequences of weight reduction are discussed. Obesity-related digestive diseases include gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, esophageal cancer, colon polyp and cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C-related disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallstone, cholangiocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Although obesity-related esophageal diseases are associated with altered mechanical and humoral factors, other obesity-related digestive diseases seem to be associated with obesity-induced altered circulating levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. The relationship between functional gastrointestinal disease and obesity has been debated. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of the obesity-related digestive diseases, including pathophysiology, obesity-related risk, and medical and metabolic effects of weight reduction in obese subjects.
Evaluating intersectoral collaboration: a model for assessment by service users

Introduction DELTA was launched as a project in 1997 to improve intersectoral collaboration in the rehabilitation field. In 2005 DELTA was transformed into a local association for financial co-ordination between the institutions involved. Based on a study of the DELTA service users, the purpose of this article is to develop and to validate a model that can be used to assess the integration of welfare services from the perspective of the service users. Theory The foundation of integration is a well functioning structure of integration. Without such structural conditions, it is difficult to develop a process of integration that combines the resources and competences of the collaborating organisations to create services advantageous for the service users. In this way, both the structure and the process will contribute to the outcome of integration. Method The study was carried out as a retrospective cross-sectional survey during two weeks, including all the current service users of DELTA. The questionnaire contained 32 questions, which were derived from the theoretical framework and research on service users, capturing perceptions of integration structure, process and outcome. Ordinal scales and open questions where used for the assessment. Results The survey had a response rate of 82% and no serious biases of the results were detected. The study shows that the users of the rehabilitation services perceived the services as well integrated, relevant and adapted to their needs. The assessment model was tested for reliability and validity and a few modifications were suggested. Some key measurement themes were derived from the study. Conclusion The model developed in this study is an important step towards an assessment of service integration from the perspective of the service users. It needs to be further refined, however, before it can be used in other evaluations of collaboration in the provision of integrated welfare services.
In vivo three-dimensional kinematics of normal knees during different high-flexion activities

Aims In Asia and the Middle‐East, people often flex their knees deeply in order to perform activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to investigate the 3D kinematics of normal knees during high‐flexion activities. Our hypothesis was that the femorotibial rotation, varus‐valgus angle, translations, and kinematic pathway of normal knees during high‐flexion activities, varied according to activity. Materials and Methods We investigated the in vivo kinematics of eight normal knees in four male volunteers (mean age 41.8 years; 37 to 53) using 2D and 3D registration technique, and modelled the knees with a computer aided design program. Each subject squatted, kneeled, and sat crosslegged. We evaluated the femoral rotation and varus‐valgus angle relative to the tibia and anteroposterior translation of the medial and lateral side, using the transepicodylar axis as our femoral reference relative to the perpendicular projection on to the tibial plateau. This method evaluates the femur medially from what has elsewhere been described as the extension facet centre, and differs from the method classically applied. Results During squatting and kneeling, the knees displayed femoral external rotation. When sitting cross‐legged, femurs displayed internal rotation from 10° to 100°. From 100°, femoral external rotation was observed. No significant difference in varus‐valgus angle was seen between squatting and kneeling, whereas a varus position was observed from 140° when sitting cross‐legged. The measure kinematic pathway using our methodology found during squatting a medial pivoting pattern from 0° to 40° and bicondylar rollback from 40° to 150°. During kneeling, a medial pivot pattern was evident. When sitting cross‐legged, a lateral pivot pattern was seen from 0° to 100°, and a medial pivot pattern beyond 100°. Conclusion The kinematics of normal knees during high flexion are variable according to activity. Nevertheless, our study was limited to a small number of male patients using a different technique to report the kinematics than previous publications. Accordingly, caution should be observed in generalizing our findings.
Sodium Antimony Gluconate Induces Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Leishmania donovani-Infected Macrophages

ABSTRACT Pentavalent antimony complexes, such as sodium stibogluconate and sodium antimony gluconate (SAG), are still the first choice for chemotherapy against various forms of leishmaniasis, including visceral leishmaniasis, or kala-azar. Although the requirement of a somewhat functional immune system for the antileishmanial action of antimony was reported previously, the cellular and molecular mechanism of action of SAG was not clear. Herein, we show that SAG induces extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK-1) and ERK-2 phosphorylation through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C, and Ras activation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation through PI3K and Akt activation. ERK-1 and ERK-2 activation results in an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 to 6 h after SAG treatment, while p38 MAPK activation and subsequent tumor necrosis factor alpha release result in the production of nitric oxide (NO) 24 h after SAG treatment. Thus, this study has provided the first evidence that SAG treatment induces activation of some important components of the intracellular signaling pathway, which results in an early wave of ROS-dependent parasite killing and a stronger late wave of NO-dependent parasite killing. This opens up the possibility of this metalloid chelate being used in the treatment of various diseases either alone or in combination with other drugs and vaccines.
Association of glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphisms in the colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis

Purpose: The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) as a member of phase II detoxification enzymes is expressed in many tissues and plays a critical role in preventing the occurrence of cancer. Published data regarding the associations between the GSTM1 polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are inconclusive. Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis of 55 case–control studies involving 17,498 cases and 26,441 controls were performed to assess the strength of association using odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: The meta-analysis of those studies suggested that GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with CRC risk (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.06–1.20, P < 0.0001). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significant risks were associated with GSTM1 null genotype in Caucasians (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07–1.29, P = 0.001), Asians (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02–1.22, P = 0.02), and mixed group (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90–1.14, P = 0.85). In the subgroup analysis by study design, significant elevated risks were associated with GSTM1 null genotype in hospital-based case–control study group (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.10–1.31, and P < 0.0001) but not in population-based case–control study group (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.96–1.10, P = 0.43). Conclusions: Based on our meta-analysis, the GSTM1 null genotype is a risk factor for CRC.
The novel bacterial phylum Calditrichaeota is diverse, widespread and abundant in marine sediments and has the capacity to degrade detrital proteins

Calditrichaeota is a recently recognized bacterial phylum with three cultured representatives, isolated from hydrothermal vents. Here we expand the phylogeny and ecology of this novel phylum with metagenome-derived and single-cell genomes from six uncultivated bacteria previously not recognized as members of Calditrichaeota. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences from these genomes, we then identified 322 16S rRNA gene sequences from cultivation-independent studies that can now be classified as Calditrichaeota for the first time. This dataset was used to re-analyse a collection of 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets from marine sediments showing that the Calditrichaeota are globally distributed in the seabed at high abundance, making up to 6.7% of the total bacterial community. This wide distribution and high abundance of Calditrichaeota in cold marine sediment has gone unrecognized until now. All Calditrichaeota genomes show indications of a chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism with the potential to degrade detrital proteins through the use of extracellular peptidases. Most of the genomes contain genes encoding proteins that confer O2 tolerance, consistent with the relatively high abundance of Calditrichaeota in surficial bioturbated part of the seabed and, together with the genes encoding extracellular peptidases, suggestive of a general ecophysiological niche for this newly recognized phylum in marine sediment.
Current approaches of managing microbial diseases: focus on nanosciences technique

Nanoscience is a fast growing research area that focuses on producing and utilizing nano- sized particles, which are measured in nanometers. Recently, nanoparticles are used in various fields. Therefore, studies on the effect of nanoparticles on microorganisms are worthy of analysis. However, using many antimicrobial agents has been avoided because of their methodical harmful effect. Hence, this review paper focuses on the use of some nanomaterials to manage microbial diseases. The discussed nanomaterials as antimicrobial agents include sliver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles. This review also explains the mechanisms of action of some nanotechnological products to inhibit microorganisms. There are many problems in the development of an evaluation for the effect of nanomaterials on environment. Nevertheless, the defect of the approaches used to analyze nanomaterials toxicity gives no ground for hampering the development of nanotechnologies for safety using. In order to overcome this problem, ecotoxicological studies should be extended to include the analysis of the biological safety of nanomaterials in environment and accumulate experimental data.
Generation, Purification and Transplantation of Photoreceptors Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Background Inherited and acquired retinal degenerations are frequent causes of visual impairment and photoreceptor cell replacement therapy may restore visual function to these individuals. To provide a source of new retinal neurons for cell based therapies, we developed methods to derive retinal progenitors from human ES cells. Methodology/Physical Findings In this report we have used a similar method to direct induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from human fibroblasts to a retinal progenitor fate, competent to generate photoreceptors. We also found we could purify the photoreceptors derived from the iPS cells using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) after labeling photoreceptors with a lentivirus driving GFP from the IRBP cis-regulatory sequences. Moreover, we found that when we transplanted the FACS purified iPSC derived photoreceptors, they were able to integrate into a normal mouse retina and express photoreceptor markers. Conclusions This report provides evidence that enriched populations of human photoreceptors can be derived from iPS cells.