Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Broad hydroxyl emission in IC 4553.

The main line transitions of hydroxyl (OH) have been detected in emission in the peculiar galaxy IC 4553. The 1667 and 1665 MHz transitions appear in a ratio of 4.2:1, and both have a radial velocity of 5375 km s/sup -1/ and a full width at half-maximum of 108 km s/sup -1/. This is the first detection of broad OH emission in an external galaxy. The features probably are due to stimulated emission from many H II/OH masers in the active nuclear region of the galaxy. It is suggested that IC 4553 is a starburst galaxy.
Extended optical-line-emitting gas in radio galaxies: broad-band optical, narrow-band optical, and radio imaging of a representative sample

A search for extended optical-line-emitting gas in a representative sample of power radio galaxies has been conducted in order to determine the frequency with which such gas is found in these galaxies and to assess the relationship of the gas to the radio source structure and the structure of the host galaxy. Contour maps and detailed descriptions are given for each source of the broad-band optical, narrow-band optical, and radio images obtained. From the images presented here, it is clear that extended optical-line-emitting is common in powerful radio galaxies. In some cases, the emission-line filaments appear to connect the host radio galaxy to an apparent companion galaxy. S-shaped regions of line emission are observed in five of the sources. Morphological peculiarities in the distribution of the optical continuum light from the host radio galaxy are also apparent in many of these sources. 109 references.
Nonlinear spiral density waves: an inviscid theory

It is pointed out that the theory of spiral density waves, invented to explain the spiral structure of disk galaxies, has also been found useful for the study of planetary rings. The linear theory is by now well developed, while the nonlinear theory is less complete. Analytical calculations which include self-gravitation have, so far, obtained results only in the slightly nonlinear regime, or have concentrated on partial effects which are not of primary importance to the physical problem at hand. In the present paper, it is attempted to remedy these shortcomings. The simplest asymptotic ordering which can still yield useful results is adopted. Attention is given to the reduction to a nonlinear integral equation in a single variable, the use of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-Jeffreys theory, and the replacement of an equation by another which is easier to handle numerically.
Modelling radiative mean absorption coefficients

We define and compute mean absorption coefficients for the macroscopic models of radiative transfer. These coefficients take into account the anisotropic form of the photon emission and lead to a better computation of a photonic flow far from the radiative equilibrium. They are deduced by averaging a specific radiative intensity on the space of frequency and are generalized versions of the Planck means. This intensity is obtained by minimizing the mathematical entropy with the constraint of the reconstruction of radiative moments and constitutes the closure of the M 1 radiative model. We discuss the influence of these coefficients, extend them to the case of multi-frequency problems and perform a numerical comparison with the former Planck mean.
Complete three-dimensional optical characterization of single gold nanorods

We present a powerful technique to fully characterize individual gold nanorods by using confocal microscopy in combination with higher order laser modes. We obtain topological information far beyond the optical resolution limit, although the used method is diffraction limited. We perform, for the first time, the imaging of gold nanorods by recording simultaneously their scattering and luminescence signal. In the future, this might permit to extent the results achieved already in [1] to a 3D system. Moreover, the scattering pattern is strongly dependent on the phase relation between the light scattered and reflected at the sample interface, while the luminescence pattern does not depend on this phase relation. By exploiting an index matched sample geometry, we were able to omit the phase relation and therefore detect the pure scattering signal and qualitatively compare it with the luminescence one. Furthermore, as previously shown [2, 3], our technique is capable to track the rotation of single noble metal nanorods. We show that measuring the rotation rate of gold nanorods might be useful to estimate the local viscosity of the surrounding medium.
Microwave Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure

Microwave plasmas at atmospheric pressure are used for surface treatments like for example cleaning, sterilization or decontamination purposes, for a pre‐treatment to increase the adhesion of lacquer, paint, or glue, and for the deposition of different kind of layers and coatings. Micro plasma jets can also be applied for biomedical applications and for treatment of small and complex geometries like for example the inside of capillaries. Larger plasma torches which exhibit higher gas temperatures can also be used for chemical syntheses like waste gas decomposition, methane pyrolysis, or carbon dioxide dissociation and for plasma spraying purposes.
The use of truncated joint velocities and simple uniformed procedures in an adaptive control of mechanical devices

This paper is a brief report on the recent improvement of a novel approach for the control of approximately and partially known multivariable, nonlinear, strongly coupled mechanical systems under dynamic interaction with an unmodeled environment. This method uses simple uniform structures and standard procedures. In contrast to the traditional approaches, instead of Kolmogorov's approximation theorem, these special structures originate from the mathematical framework of the Lagrangian mechanics. This results in a considerable reduction of modeling complexity since the number of the tunable parameters can be derived by knowing only the degree of freedom of the system to be controlled. This fact simplifies parameter tuning or "learning". Further advantage is that the great majority of "scaling" problems can be avoided in the case of the structures used here. The operation of the method is illustrated by simulation results developed for a 3 degree-of-freedom SCARA robot.
Wavelet multiresolution analysis of numerically simulated 3D radiative convection

A wavelet multiresolution analysis is performed on atmospheric fields simulated by a multilevel 3-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer model. Wavelet cospectra of the vertical wind and potential temperature are calculated and compared with radial Fourier cospectra. The former indicate most of the field variance to have horizontal scales roughly equal to the vertical scale, as should be the case for convectively driven turbulence. Fourier spectra exhibit a minus 3 power law, suggesting that the statistics may depend only on a quantity with units of time. Observations of time- and scale-dependent structures suggest certain physical mechanisms at work. The multiresolution analysis analogue of turbulent energy equations is formulated. This framework supports the proposed physical mechanisms.
Coherent scatter computed tomography: a novel medical imaging technique

Fan-beam coherent scatter computed tomography (CSCT) is a novel X-ray based imaging method revealing structural information of tissue under investigation. The source of contrast is the angular-dependent coherent scatter cross-section, which is determined by the molecular structure. In this work a phantom consisting of water, tricalcium phosphate, collagen and fat was used to investigate the contrast resolution of these four tissue constituents. Scatter projections were measured in fan-beam 3rd generation CT-geometry using an experimental demonstrator set-up equipped with a 4.5 kW DC power X-ray tube and photon-counting detectors. Reconstruction was performed using two algorithms, one based on algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and the other based on filtered back-projection (FBP). The reconstruction results of the two techniques are compared. Furthermore, scatter functions of the four components were extracted from the 3D data sets and compared to previous measurements. The applicability of this technique for medical diagnosis is discussed.
Absolute minima of the Higgs potential for the 75 of SU(5)

The problem of minimising the Higgs potential for the 75-dimensional representation of SU(5) is considered. The most general form of the potential is established. In the absence of a cubic term it is shown that the possible symmetry breaking patterns include SU(3)*SU(2)*U(1), and a new counterexample to Michel's conjecture (1979), is found.
Minimizing the mean squared deviation from a common due date: unconstrained and constrained cases

Abstract The problem of minimizing the mean squared deviation (MSD) of completion times from a common due date in both unconstrained and constrained cases is addressed. It is shown that the unconstrained MDS function is unimodal for n ≤ 6, where n is the number of jobs. The constrained case is shown to be unimodular for n ≤ 3, The unconstrained case is shown, by counterexample, not to be unimodular for n = 8. The constrained case is shown not to be unimodular for n = 5. For the unimodular cases, a proposed search routine can find the optimum solution in less than three CPU seconds for n = 100. It provides an excellent heuristic solution otherwise. Computational results are shown in both cases.
Inline inspection of textured plastics surfaces

This article focuses on the inspection of plastics web materials exhibiting irregular textures such as imitation wood or leather. They are produced in a continuous process at high speed. In this process, various defects occur sporadically. However, current inspection systems for plastics surfaces are able to inspect unstructured products or products with regular, i.e., highly periodic, textures, only. The proposed inspection algorithm uses the local binary pattern operator for texture feature extraction. For classification, semisupervised as well as supervised approaches are used. A simple concept for semisupervised classification is presented and applied for defect detection. The resulting defect-maps are presented to the operator. He assigns class labels that are used to train the supervised classifier in order to distinguish between different defect types. A concept for parallelization is presented allowing the efficient use of standard multicore processor PC hardware. Experiments with images of a typical product acquired in an industrial setting show a detection rate of 97% while achieving a false alarm rate below 1%. Real-time tests show that defects can be reliably detected even at haul-off speeds of 30 m/min. Further applications of the presented concept can be found in the inspection of other materials.
International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere: An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium

AbstractInternational Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) activities and partnerships were initiated as a part of the 2007–09 International Polar Year (IPY) and are expected to continue for many decades as a legacy program. The IASOA focus is on coordinating intensive measurements of the Arctic atmosphere collected in the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, Finland, and Greenland to create synthesis science that leads to an understanding of why and not just how the Arctic atmosphere is evolving. The IASOA premise is that there are limitations with Arctic modeling and satellite observations that can only be addressed with boots-on-the-ground, in situ observations and that the potential of combining individual station and network measurements into an integrated observing system is tremendous. The IASOA vision is that by further integrating with other network observing programs focusing on hydrology, glaciology, oceanography, terrestrial, and biological systems it will be possible to under.
Limitations to mapping habitat-use areas in changing landscapes using the Mahalanobis distance statistic

We tested the potential of a GIS mapping technique, using a resource selection model developed for black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) and based on the Mahalanobis distance statistic, to track changes in shrubsteppe habitats in southwestern Idaho. If successful, the technique could be used to predict animal use areas, or those undergoing change, in different regions from the same selection function and variables without additional sampling. We determined the multivariate mean vector of 7 GIS variables that described habitats used by jackrabbits. We then ranked the similarity of all cells in the GIS coverage from their Mahalanobis distance to the mean habitat vector. The resulting map accurately depicted areas where we sighted jackrabbits on verification surveys. We then simulated an increase in shrublands (which are important habitats). Contrary to expectation, the new configurations were classified as lower similarity relative to the original mean habitat vector. Because the selection function is based on a unimodal mean, any deviation, even if biologically positive, creates larger Malanobis distances and lower similarity values. We recommend the Mahalanobis distance technique for mapping animal use areas when animals are distributed optimally, the landscape is well-sampled to determine the mean habitat vector, and distributions of the habitat variables does not change.
Image Matching Based on Chain Code of Image Edge Tangent Direction Angle

In order to solve problem that the image which is under different wavelength channels can’t match in the ice detection whit the near infrared, this paper describes a solution of image matching which based on the chain code of angle related to a tangential direction of image edge. By extracting the edge with Canny, calculating the chain code of angle and differences, computing the relative chain code of direction angle and comparing the relative chain code, the possible rotation angle between the images will be gained. After rotating the image and differencing the corresponding coordinates, the shift amount can be obtained. Ultimately image match can be achieved. Experimental results show that this method is accuracy and have certain inhibition of noise.
First-passage probability of a random walk on a disordered one-dimensional lattice

A method is presented which yields the exact solution of the generating function for the first-passage probability and related observables, for a one-dimensional random walk with random hopping rates on each site. A geometrical and statistical-mechanical interpretation of the problem is suggested and is used for obtaining the asymptotic properties of the occupation and first-passage probabilities. The class of values with the property of self-averaging is found.
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis

Preface. Introduction. Data Sets. Tests of Statistical Significance of Combined Results. Vote-Counting Methods. Estimation of a Single Effect Size: Parametric and Nonparametric Methods. Parametric Estimation of Effect Size from a Series of Experiments. Fitting Parametric Fixed Effect Models to Effect Sizes: Categorical Methods. Fitting Parametric Fixed Effect Models to Effect Sizes: General Linear Models. Random Effects Models for Effect Sizes. Multivariate Models for Effect Sizes. Combining Estimates of Correlation Coefficients. Diagnostic Procedures for Research Synthesis Models. Clustering Estimates of Effect Magnitude. Estimation of Effect Size When Not All Study Outcomes Are Observed. Meta-Analysis in the Physical and Biological Sciences. Appendix. References. Index.
Fast and large-field electron-beam exposure by CSEL

We have developed a Crestec Surface Electron emission Lithography (CSEL) for mass production of semiconductor devices. CSEL system is 1:1 electron projection lithography using surface electron emitter. In first report, we confirmed that a test bench of CSEL resolved below 30 nm pattern over 0.2 um square area. Practical resolution of the system is limited by the chromatic aberration. We improved the resolution of the prototype CSEL system by reducing the initial energy spread of electrons and/or by increasing the electric field intensity. An energy spread of emitted electrons of a nanosilicon planar ballistic electron emitter (PBE) is very small. After that, the prototype CSEL system exposed sub-micron patterns distributed over 3 mm square area in last report. In this study, we examine the prototype CSEL system exposed deep sub-micron pattern over full-field for practical use. The experimental column of the system is composed of the PBE and a stage as a collector electrode that is parallel to the electron source. An accelerating voltage of about -5 kV is applied to the electron source with respect to the collector. The target wafer and PBE are set between two magnets. The two magnets generate vertical magnetic field of 0.5 T to the surface of the target wafer. A gap between the electron source and the target wafer is adjusted to a focus length depending on electron trajectories in the electromagnetic field in the system. The electron source projects a patterned electron image on the target since the patterned mask was formed on the surface electrode of the electron source. The electrons are emitted from openings of the mask. When a pulsed bias voltage is applied to the electron source, the electron source emits a patterned surface electron beam. The beam strikes the resist film coated on the target wafer and make replica of the pattern. We indicate the system exposes line patterns of about 200 nm in width over large area. An advantage of CSEL is high resolution due to small chromatic aberration, and another advantage is potentially high throughput because the coulomb blur is small without any crossover in the electron optics. When we get sufficient current from the electron source the throughput can be more than 100 wafers/hour.
Unsteady internal flow field simulations in a double suction centrifugal fan

Purpose – Thermal power plants have many problems regarding noise and vibration. Previous studies have shown that such problems are often related to the fans. However, the internal flows are difficult to analyze to find the cause of vibration and noise in fans in actual tests. Therefore, the unsteady internal flow field in a centrifugal fan was simulated numerical to identify the source. This paper aims to present these issues.Design/methodology/approach – The unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations with the SST k‐ω turbulence model were solved to simulate the flow within the entire flow path of the fan. The conservation of mass and moment and energy equations were used to solve the flow field distribution. The time‐dependent pressure pulsations on the impeller were analyzed for the dynamics problem. The finite volume method with the SIMPLEC algorithm was used to discretize the time‐dependent equations. The second‐order upwind scheme was used for the convection terms and the central difference .
Exponential Compact Higher Order Scheme for Steady Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

Abstract An Exponential Compact Higher Order (ECHO) scheme is developed for the stream function voracity form of steady viscous incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The coupled equations are solved using an iterative procedure. The developed scheme has been validated initially using two model problems with known analytic solutions and demonstrated the fourth order rate of convergence and about fifth order for highly convection dominated problems. Thus the developed scheme requires smaller number of grid points for the computation. Finally the tested code is used to simulate the lid-driven square cavity flow up to Reynolds number 10,000.
On the fractal dimension of self-affine profiles

One-dimensional profiles f(x) can be characterized by a Minkowski-Bouligand dimension D and by a scale-dependent generalized roughness W(f, epsilon ). This roughness can be defined as the dispersion around a chosen fit to f(x) in an epsilon -scale. It is shown that D=limepsilon to 0(2-In W(f, epsilon )/In epsilon ) holds for profiles nowhere differentiable. This establishes a close connection between the roughness and the fractal dimension and proves that D=2-H for self-affine profiles (H is the roughness or Hurst exponent). Two numerical algorithms based on the roughness, one around the local average (f(x))epsilon (usual roughness) and the other around the local RMS straight line (a generalized roughness), are discussed. The estimates of D for standard self-affine profiles are reliable and robust, especially for the last method.
Enhancement of dielectric constant in transition metal doped ZnO nanocrystals

We have presented dielectric studies on Zn1−xCoxO, Zn1−xFexO, and Zn1−xFex/2Cox/2O (x = doping level) semiconducting nanoparticles (∼2–40 nm). For all those samples, dielectric constant (є) is found to exhibit a maximum with x. Enhancement of є is found to be ∼250 times for Zn0.85Co0. 15O and ∼400 times for Zn0.8Fe0. 1Co0.1O from that of ZnO. Presence of effective higher oxidation state of transition metals ions in ZnO due to Fe/Co doping resulting in space charge polarization possibly yields this effect. The simultaneous existence of high є, semiconducting, and ferromagnetic like behaviour at 300 K seems to propose Zn0.8Fe0. 1Co0.1O, promising for technological application.
Coherent spin manipulations in Yb 3+ :CaWO 4 at X - and W -band EPR frequencies

Coherent spin dynamics of impurity Yb$^{3+}$ ions in the CaWO$_4$ single crystal has been studied using X-and W-band EPR. Rabi oscillations of the sample magnetization with damping times comparable to their period, driven by pulses of the microwave field with duration up to 5 $\mu$s, were observed. The largest value of the single-qubit figure of merit (~6400) is obtained for the high-field component in the $^{171}$Yb X-band EPR spectrum. The spin-lattice relaxation time of the Yb$^{3+}$ ions shortens with the increasing resonance frequency while the phase memory time, in contrast, grows noticeably. Variations of the phase memory times are interpreted in terms of spectral and instantaneous diffusions. The increase of the coherence time at the W band can be used for the application of rare-earth ions as qubits in quantum computing as it has been proposed recently.