Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-throughput virtual screening of novel rilpivirine analogs as next-generation antiretroviral therapeutics

Journal of Emerging Investigators • www.emerginginvestigators. org system. HIV/AIDS often prove fatal for patients because opportunistic illnesses (OIs) and cancers that are usually controlled in immunocompetent people can become serious fatal threats to those with a weakened immune system. Enabling accessible HIV treatment for all is the key to ending AIDS as a public health threat as well as the only viable way infected individuals can live longer and healthier lives (2). Current treatments are called antiretroviral therapy (ART), combination therapy, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because of the utilization of at least two HIV drugs meant to treat the infection (3). With treatment, people are able to live normally and avoid AIDS. One class of drugs used is non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), which are allosteric inhibitors of the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme in HIV. The process of viral replication and spread relies on the transformation of viral RNA into DNA that then allows viral reproduction within host cells. The RT enzyme is vital to the viral reproduction system. As allosteric inhibitors, NNRTIs effectively block the enzyme from converting viral RNA into DNA by binding at a region of RT that configures the enzyme to perform worse. In RT, this then prevents HIV from further replication (4). The first generation NNRTIs are nevirapine, delavirdine, and efavirenz (5, 6, 7) (Figure 1). This generation proved to have decent efficacy relative to preceding treatments; however, errors like delavirdine’s ineffectiveness on its own proved to be setbacks as it required the usage of multiple drugs combined. These compounds all have a low genetic barrier to resistance, meaning a single mutation in the RT sequence can lead to effective drug resistance (8, 9). Consequently, the second generation of NNRTIs, etravirine and rilpivirine, were designed to better combat RT mutations. Compared to the first generation of NNRTIs, these drugs showed stronger inhibitory activity, especially against the HIV mutations that caused first generation NNRTIs to be less successful (10). Additionally, doravirine, a part of the newest generation, has also been recently FDA approved (11, 12). Currently, only the six aforementioned NNRTIs shown in Figure 1 (nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, etravirine, rilpivirine, and doravirine) have been approved by the FDA. The development of these drugs has evolved greatly over the past 30 years and further investigation into synthesis will be essential to the discovery of the next generation of costeffective NNRTIs (13). The rapid drug-resistant mutations in HIV-1 RT, doselimiting toxicity, and unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties High-throughput virtual screening of novel rilpivirine analogs as next-generation antiretroviral therapeutics
Design and Control of Solar Powered Boost Converter

: This paper presents closed loop voltage controlled solar powered boost converter. The major issue in the solar powered boost converter is to deliver a constant voltage to the load irrespective of the changing climatic conditions namely irradiance and temperature. The need of the hour is to deliver a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the variation in solar insolation. The boost converter with the input voltage of 24 V and output voltage of 48 V is designed. A simple PI controller is used to maintain the output voltage of boost converter constant. The performance of the proposed system is compared with solar powered boost converter without voltage controller. All the investigations are carried using MATLAB. The results obtained are presented.
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation

Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interpreter. Systems such as RPython and GraalVM provide components such as a garbage collector and just-in-time compiler in a language-agnostic manner, greatly reducing implementation effort. However, meta-compilation-based language implementations still need to improve further to reach the low memory use and fast warmup behavior that custom-built systems provide. A key element in this endeavor is interpreter performance. Folklore tells us that bytecode interpreters are superior to abstract-syntax-tree (AST) interpreters both in terms of memory use and run-time performance. This work assesses the trade-offs between AST and bytecode interpreters to verify common assumptions and whether they hold in the context of meta-compilation systems. We implemented four interpreters, each an AST and a bytecode one using RPython and GraalVM. We keep the difference between the interpreters as small as feasible to be able to evaluate interpreter performance, peak performance, warmup, memory use, and the impact of individual optimizations. Our results show that both systems indeed reach performance close to Node.js/V8. Looking at interpreter-only performance, our AST interpreters are on par with, or even slightly faster than their bytecode counterparts. After just-in-time compilation, the results are roughly on par. This means bytecode interpreters do not have their widely assumed performance advantage. However, we can confirm that bytecodes are more compact in memory than ASTs, which becomes relevant for larger applications. However, for smaller applications, we noticed that bytecode interpreters allocate more memory because boxing avoidance is not as applicable, and because the bytecode interpreter structure requires memory, e.g., for a reified stack. Our results show AST interpreters to be competitive on top of meta-compilation systems. Together with possible engineering benefits, they should thus not be discounted so easily in favor of bytecode interpreters.
Mapping fractional forest cover across the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia using MODIS data and regression tree modelling

Data from the moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, in combination with new mapping techniques, has the potential to improve regional research on tropical forest resources and land use dynamics. In this study, a supervised regression tree model was used to map fractions of (1) mature forest, (2) secondary forest, and (3) non‐forest, using multi‐temporal MODIS 250‐m data as explanatory variables, and land cover information derived from high‐spatial resolution image data as the response variables. From independent validation data, the overall mean absolute deviation of the resulting maps are estimated at 14.6% for mature forest, 21.6% for secondary forest, and 17.1% for non‐forest cover. This study shows the increased potential of this new mapping technique to infer human imprints on forest cover across the highlands of mainland Southeast Asia, compared to other existing map sources.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The emerging evidence on the association between symptoms of ADHD and gaming disorder

The co-existence of gaming disorder (GD) with other mental health problems has been widely reported. Despite the growing research interest in the comorbidity of GD with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to date, no quantitative synthesis has been performed. The present study comprised a systematic literature search using Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed databases . Three types of studies were included in the analyses: studies reporting correlation coefficients, means and standard deviations for comparison of GD severity between ADHD/non-ADHD individuals, and comparison of ADHD severity between GD/non-GD individuals. The results indicated a moderate relationship between GD and ADHD symptom severity when both subdomains of ADHD were combined (r=.296), and also when only inattention (r=.306) or hyperactivity (r=.266) symptoms were analyzed, which was also confirmed in a structural equation model meta-analysis. Studies showed a large average difference comparing the GD symptom severity of ADHD and non-ADHD individuals (g=.693), or ADHD symptom severity of GD and non-GD individuals (g=.854). Studies including higher proportion of males, measurement of problematic internet use in predominantly video game user samples instead of measuring purely GD, and studies being more recently published resulted in higher estimates in some cases. The present review shows that it is an emerging field showing significant results in cross-sectional correlational studies, however, further research should apply more rigorous methodology to investigate the relationship further: longitudinal studies and professional (clinical) ratings/diagnosis are suggested. These preliminary results suggest that screening and treatment for ADHD among gaming disordered patients is necessary, while individuals with ADHD should be made aware concerning their higher susceptibility for gaming disorder.
Lexico-Semantic Relation Classification With Multilingual Finetuning

Following the research line of lexico-semantic relation induction based on Language Models (LM) [4, 1, 5], this work analyses how the multilingual fine-tuning of a LM might improve its performance on a relation classification task. The model is trained on a set of word pairs which share a known relation (e.g., Big–small , antonymy). Then, it is used to classify the relation between an unseen word pair. Our hypothesis is that enriching this training with multilingual information benefits the classification of lexico-semantic relations that are common in several languages. Two different experiments were conducted, based on: (i) crosslingual transfer and (ii) multilingual verbalisation. Both consist of fine-tuning the multilingual BERT (mBERT) pre-trained model [2] with multilingual data. LMs in general need a verbal-ised input [1], and although different verbalisations of the lexico-semantic relations are possible, analysing them is out of our scope. We focus on two simple verbalisations: v1 for one relation pair (e.g., ‘big’ is related to ‘small’ ) and v2 for two relation pairs (e.g., ‘big’ is related to ‘small’ as ‘grande’ is related to ‘peque ñ o’ , in this case for two English words and its Spanish translations). The considered relations in the classification task are: hypernymy, antonymy, synonymy, meronymy . In total, 50 word pairs were extracted from the BATS data set [3] in English and Japanese,
Kilometer‐scale Kaiser effect identified in Krafla volcano, Iceland

The Krafla rifting episode in 1975–1984, consisted of around 20 inflation‐deflation events within the Krafla caldera, where magma accumulated during inflation periods and was intruded into the transecting fissure swarm during brief periods of deflation. We reanalyze geodetic and seismic data from the rifting episode and perform a time‐dependent inversion of a leveling time series for a spherical point source in an elastic half‐space. Using the volume change as a proxy for stress shows that during inflation periods the seismicity rate remains low until the maximum inflation of previous cycles is exceeded thus exhibiting the Kaiser effect. Our observations demonstrate that this phenomenon, commonly observed in small‐scale experiments, is also produced in kilometer‐scale volcanic deformation. This behavior sheds new light on the relationship between deformation and seismicity of a deforming volcano. As a consequence of the Kaiser effect, a volcano may inflate rapidly without significant changes in seismicity rate.
Status and outlook of very short range forecasting system in Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan

The main purpose of Very Short-Range Forecasting System (VSRFS) is to develop algorithms for real-time monitoring and forecasting severe weather systems, which may result in flood, flash flood or landslide in Taiwan area. The operational VSRFS has being under progressive development in CWB since 2002. One component of the VSRFS is the QPESUMS system which is under a joint development program between US NOAA/NSSL and CWB. In QPESUMS, the Doppler radar, satellite infrared, raingauge and other data sources are ingested to make QPE for severe weather systems in Taiwan. Products from QPESUMS are presented in web page format. Currently, it shows that the QPE from QPESUMS has a good agreement with the surface observation when precipitation rate is greater than 10mm/hr. Efforts are put to the improvement of QPESUMS for making reasonable 0-2hr QPF by the end of 2005. Another component of the VSRFS is a diabatically initialized LAPS-MM5 system which is under a joint development program between NOAA/FSL and CWB for 2-12hr QPF. LAPS-MM5 is designed to effectively shorten the spin-up problem of simulating convective storms. Various data sources are assimilated into LAPS for MM5 to make time integration. It turns out that LAPS-MM5 is capable to predict the strength and location of heavy precipitation system with 6-hourly rain rate greater than 35mm (higher Equitable Threat Score), yet prone to over-predict the rainfall rate when precipitating system was weaker. In order to suit the need for near real-time (2-12hr) severe weather forecast, many challenging tasks related to the cloud/moisture analysis, dynamic/thermodynamic balance schemes are to be overtaken in the forthcoming years.
An evaluation of prefilled insulin pens: a focus on the Next Generation FlexPen ®

: Insulin pen delivery systems are preferred by patients over the traditional vial and syringe method for insulin delivery because they are simple and easy to use, improve confidence in dosing insulin, and have less interference with activities and improved discretion with use. Insulin manufacturers have made numerous improvements to their first marketed pen devices and are now introducing their next generation of devices. Design modifications to the newest generation of prefilled insulin pen devices are intended to improve the ease of use and safety and continue to positively impact adherence to insulin. This review focuses on the Next Generation FlexPen ® with regard to design considerations to reduce injection force, improve accuracy and ease of use, and evaluate the preference of patient and health-care provider compared with other disposable, prefilled insulin pen devices.
Determination of bare surface soil moisture from combined temporal evolution of land surface temperature and net surface shortwave radiation

Land surface soil moisture (SSM) is an important variable for hydrological, ecological, and meteorological applications. A multi‐linear model has recently been proposed to determine the SSM content from the combined diurnal evolution of both land surface temperature (LST) and net surface shortwave radiation (NSSR) with the parameters TN (the LST mid‐morning rising rate divided by the NSSR rising rate during the same period) and td (the time of daily maximum temperature). However, in addition to the problem that all the coefficients of the multi‐linear model depend on the atmospheric conditions, the model also suffers from the problems of the nonlinearity of TN as a function of the SSM content and the uncertainty of determining the td from the diurnal evolution of the LST. To address these problems, a modified multi‐linear model was developed using the logarithm of TN and normalizing td by the mid‐morning temperature difference instead of using the TN and td. Except for the constant term, the coefficients of all other variables in the modified multi‐linear model proved to be independent of the atmospheric conditions. Using the relevant simulation data, results from the modified multi‐linear model show that the SSM content can be determined with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.030m3/m3, provided that the constant term is known or estimated day to day. The validation of the model was conducted using the field measurements at the Langfang site in 2008 in China. A higher correlation is achieved (coefficient of determination: R2 = 0.624, RMSE = 0.107m3/m3) between the measured SSM content and the SSM content estimated using the modified multi‐linear model with the coefficients determined from the simulation data. Another experiment is also conducted to estimate the SSM content using the modified model with the constant term calibrated each day by one‐spot measurements at the site. The estimation result has a relatively larger error (RMSE = 0.125m3/m3). Additionally, the uncertainty of the determination of the coefficients is analysed using the field measurements, and the results indicate that the SSM content obtained using the modified model accurately characterizes the surface soil moisture condition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flux transport, dipolarization, and current sheet evolution during a double-onset substorm

[1] We study a substorm with two onsets (at 0220 and 0243 UT) that occurred during a gradual northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turning on 16 February 2008. At these times, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) and GOES spacecraft were distributed between 6.6 and 18 RE downtail. Prior to the weak auroral electrojet onset at 0220 UT, a thin current sheet was extended near 10–11 RE. After the onset, Earthward fast flows with dipolarization fronts followed by signatures of magnetic flux pileup were detected in this region. The 0243 UT onset disturbances were more intense and centered at higher latitudes. The reconnection region tailward of 18 RE became activated and reached the lobe flux. We suggest that activations of reconnection Earthward of 18 RE associated with the 0220 UT event led to pileup of flux and redistribution of BZ to form a thin current sheet with small BZ in the midtail region. This made conditions favorable for reconnection tailward of 18 RE involving lobe flux for the 0243 UT onset. The reconfiguration process in the current sheet between the two onsets possibly enabled a relatively strong, high-latitude substorm despite the rather weak IMF driver. The near-Earth dipolarization observed after the 0243 UT onset was accompanied by more localized Earthward flows and flow reversals. Differences in dipolarization signatures could be caused by ambient plasma condition and field configuration between these two events. Our observations of the double-onset substorm suggest that the plasma sheet can be preconditioned by both the IMF driver and internal magnetotail processes.
Qu’en est-il des externalités du capital des technologies de l’information? Évidence basée sur le Canada et les États-Unis

Nous appliquons des techniques econometriques aux donnees par industrie des economies canadiennes et americaines pour examiner s’il existe des externalites associees a la composante technologies de l’information de l’intrant capital. Les resultats issus de la technique conventionnelle de donnees en panel sont compares a ceux issus de la methode d’estimation des donnees en panel heterogenes et dynamiques. Comme pour les resultats de la litterature economique, nous trouvons que la methode conventionnelle des donnees en panel ne permet pas de montrer un lien positif entre l’intrant capital des technologies de l’information et la production. Ceci traduit l’incapacite de cette technique a rendre compte, a la fois, du caractere heterogene des donnees et de l’aspect dynamique du phenomene considere ici. La methode dynamique des donnees en panel permet, en revanche, de trouver un impact positif et significatif de long terme des intrants. Les resultats confirment la presence d’importantes externalites associees aux technologies de l’information pour les Etats-Unis, refletant ainsi le role de chef de file de ce pays dans ce domaine. Au Canada, en revanche, l’elasticite associee au capital des technologies de l’information est proche de la ponderation issue du cadre de la comptabilite de la croissance. De plus, les resultats parametriques ne permettent pas, dans l’ensemble, de rejeter l’hypothese de rendements constants au niveau agrege pour le Canada, justifiant ainsi le bien-fonde du modele de comptabilite de la croissance.
Patient-reported disease-specific concerns relating to sexuality in multiple myeloma

Abstract Background: Cancer has been increasingly recognized as having lasting effects on sexuality. Sexual function in breast and reproductive cancer survivors is better characterized, but the experiences of hematological cancer survivors remain understudied. Only one previous study acknowledges the existence of sexuality concerns among multiple myeloma (MM) survivors. This study explored MM patients' experiences of sexual expression and examined patient-provider communication about sexuality. Methods: Participants with MM (N = 65) were recruited internationally for an online survey about sexual experiences. Open-ended questions queried MM disease–specific experiences that may affect engagement in sexual activity, methods used to adapt to sexual changes, and communication with health care providers. Responses were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Participants identified several barriers to sexual activity associated with MM, including concerns about bone health, infections, and vaginal bleeding and bruising. They also described adapting to sexual challenges by trying sexual medicines/aids, changing their mode of sexual expression, and managing treatment risks related to sexuality. Half of the participants reported sexuality discussions with providers, with a minority receiving sexual health-related recommendations. Conclusions: To date, the results of sexuality studies focus largely on hematological cancers as a group, without exploring specific disease experiences. Participants reported sexual difficulties common to other cancers but also some which may be unique to MM. Sexuality concerns were underaddressed by health care providers. Given that some sexuality concerns are related specifically to disease risk, discussions with oncology providers are of particular importance; therefore, specific suggestions for improving patient-provider communication and care are offered.
A new species of Bufoides Pillai and Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the delimitation of the distribution range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India)

Abstract. Naveen RS, Tapley B, Chandramouli SR, Jervis PA, Babu S, Meetei AB, Karunakaran PV. 2023. A new species of Bufoides Pillai and Yazdani 1973 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) from Mizoram (India) and the delimitation of the distribution range of Bufoides meghalayanus (Yazdani & Chanda 1971) to the Khasi hills, Meghalaya (India). Biodiversitas 24: 4617-4627. The Oriental toad genus Bufoides currently comprises two species: Bufoides meghalayanus and B. kempi. Populations of Bufoides from Mizoram were previously considered to be conspecific with Bufoides meghalayanus, although it has been hypothesized that these populations could represent an undescribed species. An uncorrected p-distance at the 16S rDNA gene between the Mizoram population and each of the two congeneric species was 2.74-3.0% and 3.5% for B. meghalayanus and B. kempi respectively. We describe the population from Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, as new based on molecular from two specimens and morphological data from two adult males and one adult female. We confirm that B. meghalayanus is endemic to the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya and it does not occur in Mizoram. The new species from Mizoram differs from congeneric species by differences in interdigital webbing, coloration, skin tuberculation and the presence of ovoid, tuberculated and depressed parotoid glands. Like other Bufoides species, it is a microhabitat specialist and utilizes streamside rock crevices as refugia, which might make it vulnerable to changes in habitat. The new species is currently only known to occur in Dampa Tiger Reserve and it is probably range-restricted and likely meets the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s criteria for being assessed as Critically Endangered.