Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATTACHMENT – EN INTRODUKTION

I de sidste 10-15 år har attachment- eller tilknytningsteori spillet en stor rolle i såvel udviklingspsykologisk forskning som i forståelse af psykopatologi hos voksne. Teorien beskriver den proces, der resulterer i barnets livsnødvendige binding til moderen, og hvordan denne tilknytning resulterer i nogle indre mentale strukturer – »internal workingmodels« – der ligesom byggesten i et fundament får betydning for dannelsen af barnets personlighed og senere interaktion med omgivelserne: »the way in which an individual’s attachment behaviour becomes organised within his personality turns the pattern of affectional bonds he makes during his life« (Bowlby 1980, p.41). De to vigtigste personer bag attachmentteorien er den engelske børnepsykiater og psykoanalytiker John Bowlby (1907-1990) og hans senere medarbejder, den canadiske børnepsykolog Mary Ainsworth (f. 1913), der på empirisk grundlag har videreudviklet hans teori. John Bowlby er uddannet psykoanalytiker (1937) og har gået i analyse hos kleinianeren Joan Rivière. Han kom imidlertid i modsætning til Britiske psykoanalytiske Selskab, bl.a. fordi Bowlby forkastede driftsteorien til fordel for en teori om instinkternes betydning for artens overlevelse. Inspireret af etologer som Konrad Lorenz opfatter han tilknytning som en instinktivt betinget adfærd. Uenigheden drejede sig endvidere om nogle videnskabsteoretiske forhold: Bowlby ville erstatte psykoanalysens retrospektive tilgang med en prospektiv tilgang til mulige patogene mekanismer, han gik ind for observationer af spæd- og småbørn for at forstå deres psykiske udvikling, og han mente endvidere, at man kunne inddrage etologiske data – observationer af dyreadfærd – for at forstå det menneskelige. Han var selvsagt specielt optaget af børns tab af en moderfigur inden for de første leveår.
Community Integration and Quality of Life in Aphasia after Stroke

Purpose To examine community integration and contributing factors in people with aphasia (PWA) following stroke and to investigate the relationship between community integration and quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods Thirty PWA and 42 age-and education-matched control subjects were involved. Main variables were as follows: socioeconomic status, mobility, and activity of daily living (ADL) (Modified Barthel Index), language function [Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (FAST)], depression [Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)], Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) and Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39). Differences between aphasia and control groups and factors affecting community integration and QOL were analyzed. Results Home and social integration and productive activity were significantly decreased in the aphasia group compared to the control group; 8.5 and 18.3 points in total CIQ score, respectively. Amount of time spent outside the home and frequency of social contact were also significantly reduced in the aphasia group. Total mean score on the SAQOL-39 was 2.75±0.80 points and was significantly correlated with economic status, gait performance, ADL, depressive mood, and social domain score on the CIQ. Depression score measured by GDS was the single most important factor for the prediction of QOL, but the FAST score was significantly correlated only with the communication domain of the SAQOL-39. Conclusion Community activities of PWA were very limited, and depression was highly associated with decreased community integration and QOL. Enhancing social participation and reducing emotional distress should be emphasized for rehabilitation of PWA.
Essais empiriques sur les interactions horizontales en termes de dépenses publiques

Cette these etend l'examen des interactions horizontales aux depenses publiques. La litterature existante reduit, en effet, l'espace des instruments strategiques des entites locales au seul taux de taxe. Apres examen du processus de decentralisation et des competences afferentes a chaque echelon de collectivites territoriales, l'analyse retient les depenses publiques d'action sociale des departements francais sur la periode 1992 a 2005. Les resultats econometriques confirment la presence d'interactions horizontales qui persistent sur donnees de panel, cadre minimisant les biais de variables omises presents en coupe transversale (via l'introduction d'effets fixes individuels et temporels). Ces interactions apparaissent au travers d'un comportement mimetique des departements sur leurs depenses d'action sociale (en coupe transversale et sur donnees de panel l'elasticite est respectivement egale a 0,35 et 0,11). L'extension de l'estimation par le maximum de vraisemblance au cas des panels spatiaux permet enfin de tester l'existence d'une concurrence politique par comparaison. La theorie predit une diminution de l'ampleur des interactions horizontales lorsque le decideur local fait face a un contexte politique « favorable ». L'examen empirique valide egalement l'existence de telles interactions basees sur des considerations electorales avec des coefficients d'interaction qui different significativement selon le contexte politique.
Moving Privacy-Sensitive Services from Public Clouds to Decentralized Private Clouds

Today's public cloud services suffer from fundamental privacy issues, e.g., as demonstrated by the global surveillance disclosures. The lack of privacy in cloud computing stems from its inherent centrality. State-of-the-art approaches that increase privacy for cloud services either operate cloud-like services on user's devices or encrypt data prior to upload to the cloud. However, these techniques jeopardize advantages of the cloud such as elasticity of processing resources. In contrast, we propose decentralized private clouds to allow users to protect their privacy and still benefit from the advantages of cloud computing. Our approach utilizes idle resources of friends and family to realize a trusted, decentralized system in which cloud services can be operated securely and privacy-preserving. We discuss our approach and substantiate its feasibility with initial experiments.
Epitaxial growth and diffusion characteristics analysis of vertical thin poly-Si channel transfer gate structured pixels for 3D CMOS image sensor

This paper reports the epitaxial-Si growth and dopant diffusion characteristics during fabrication of a vertical thin poly-Si channel (VTPC) transfer gate (TG) structured pixel, which is a possible candidate for future three-dimensional (3D) CMOS image sensor (CIS). Due to the increasing demand for higher resolution sensor, major CIS companies have presented various innovative 3D pixel structures of their own design. Recently, by adopting a structural concept similar to that of 3D NAND flash memories, a VTPC-TG structured pixel has been reported. However, grain boundary control and dopant diffusion behaviors in poly-Si have not been identified. The proposed process integration can suppress the dark current caused by grains of poly-Si in the VTPC-TG structured pixel by low temperature solid phase epitaxial growth. In addition, the channel punch-through caused by fast dopant diffusion in poly-Si can be suppressed by a thin poly-Si channel structure and process optimization.
Deception: Theory and Practice

Abstract : This thesis explores the history of U.S. Army deception and doctrine, and combines the insights gained with the various works on deception, cognitive psychology, communications, and decision-making in order to distill a concise handbook for deception practitioners. A longitudinal review of U.S. Army doctrine reveals a wide variation in the treatment of deception, from emphasized to ignored. This variation can be primarily explained by the U.S. preference for the cumulative destruction style of war and the perceived balance of power between the U.S. and its adversaries. This thesis strives to fill the current doctrinal gap by distilling the existing body of work to create a theory of deception in the military context. The theory presented provides a cogent structure, taxonomy, and lexicon; as well as, emphasis on how deception functions within the frameworks of communications and decision-making. Next, a synthesis of the practice of deception is presented, with a focus on deception planning and the essential elements of deception practice. Examples of U.S. use of deception from the Revolutionary War to Operation DESERT STORM are presented to provide illumination on the utility and use of deception. Finally, the thesis provides recommendations on how to organize for deception operations.
Collaborative and cooperative games: Facts and assumptions

Collaboration and cooperation are fundamental activities and processes for humans. There has been a recent rise in the interest in collaborative and cooperative processes in several fields of study and an increasing popularity of commercial collaborative games. In this paper, we aim to identify how are collaboration and cooperation processes studied and promoted in the field of game research, with emphasis in digital games. To that end, we systematically analyzed two sets of data: academic publications on collaborative games and reviews of commercial collaborative games. From this examination, we acknowledge the important relationship between games and the cultural context, and we identify three main areas of study for this type of games (learning environments, interaction, and in-gameplay experience), which serve as a landscape for the investigation on collaborative and cooperative games.
Breakdown and delayed cospeciation in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualism

The ancient arbuscular mycorrhizal association between the vast majority of plants and the fungal phylum Glomeromycota is a dominant nutritional mutualism worldwide. In the mycorrhizal mutualism, plants exchange photosynthesized carbohydrates for mineral nutrients acquired by fungi from the soil. This widespread cooperative arrangement is broken by ‘cheater’ plant species that lack the ability to photosynthesize and thus become dependent upon three-partite linkages (cheater–fungus–photosynthetic plant). Using the first fine-level coevolutionary analysis of mycorrhizas, we show that extreme fidelity towards fungi has led cheater plants to lengthy evolutionary codiversification. Remarkably, the plants' evolutionary history closely mirrors that of their considerably older mycorrhizal fungi. This demonstrates that one of the most diffuse mutualistic networks is vulnerable to the emergence, persistence and speciation of highly specific cheaters.
A GEANT-Based Model for Single Event Upsets in SRAM FPGAs for Use in On-Detector Electronics

A model is developed to calculate expected Single Event Upset rates in Xilinx's line of radiation-hardened field programmable gate array (FPGA) offerings for the radiation environment at the PHENIX experiment on the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The results of this model are compared to an experiment carried out at PHENIX, where actual upset data was obtained. Specific attention is given to unique features of the model, including major sources of "secondary" radiation flux
FBXL20-mediated Vps34 ubiquitination as a p53 controlled checkpoint in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation

Vps34, the catalytic subunit in the class III phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase complexes, mediates the production of PtdIns3P, a key intracellular lipid involved in regulating autophagy and receptor degradation. Xiao et al. show that DNA damage-activated mitotic arrest and CDK activation lead to the phosphorylation of Vps34. This provides a signal to promote Vps34 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation mediated by FBXL20, leading to inhibition of autophagy and receptor endocytosis. Importantly, they also find that expression of FBXL20 is regulated by p53-dependent transcription.
Control of Arabidopsis flowering: the chill before the bloom

The timing of the floral transition has significant consequences for reproductive success in plants. Plants gauge both environmental and endogenous signals before switching to reproductive development. Many temperate species only flower after they have experienced a prolonged period of cold, a process known as vernalization, which aligns flowering with the favourable conditions of spring. Considerable progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of vernalization in Arabidopsis. A central player in this process is FLC, which blocks flowering by inhibiting genes required to switch the meristem from vegetative to floral development. Recent data shows that many regulators of FLC alter chromatin structure or are involved in RNA processing.
Gene Expression Changes in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy

Purpose To identify altered patterns of retinal mRNA expression in a rat model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Sprague-Dawley rats from P2 to P14 were exposed to hyperoxia (80% oxygen) to induce OIR and then returned to normoxic conditions. Control rats were sustained in room air. Retinal gene expression between the rats of OIR and the controls was compared using cDNA microarray analysis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to verify the microarray results. Results Among a total of 12,731 cDNAs analyzed by mircroarray, 13 genes were strongly up- or down-regulated (>2-fold change over controls) in the OIR rats. We found a significant increase in expression of 10 genes (CaM-kinase II inhibitor; acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member A; vascular endothelial growth factor; interferon α-inducible protein 27-like; similar to enthoprotin, epsin 4, clathrin interacting protein; nidogen [entactin]; tubulin, β5; fibrillin-1; spectrin β2; and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 2) and a significant decrease in expression of 3 genes (myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein, heat shock protein, and decorin) in OIR rats compared to controls. Conclusions We confirmed changes in expressions of various retinal genes in a rat model of OIR by microarray and RT-PCR. This study should contribute to the understanding of genetic indicators associeated with OIR.
Melanoma Detection Using Delaunay Triangulation

The detection of malignant lesions in dermoscopic images by using automatic diagnostic tools can help in reducing mortality from melanoma. In this paper, we describe a fully-automatic algorithm for skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopic images. The proposed approach is highly accurate when dealing with benign lesions, while the detection accuracy significantly decreases when melanoma images are segmented. This particular behavior lead us to consider geometrical and color features extracted from the output of our algorithm for classifying melanoma images, achieving promising results.
RISE-based cooperative control of uncertain multi-agent system

This paper proposes a RISE-based cooperative control of uncertain multi-agent system with exogenous disturbances. First, we introduce the second order model with disturbance for agent. The network topology among agents is undirected and connected, and information of reference is allowed to be available to at least one agent. Second, we propose the control law consists of graph theory, consensus algorithm and RISE. Graph theory and consensus algorithm are utilized to converge the states of agents to reference value, and RISE is utilized to suppress the disturbance. Then, we show the proposed control law guarantees the agents achieve synchronization, and derive the condition to achieve the control objective. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
Multi-Ring Dispersed Particle Swarm Optimization

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been widely used to solve unconstrained optimization problems. However, problems in hyper dimensional spaces require the development of enhanced issues. For this, some variations of the original PSO form have been proposed, mainly concerning on the velocity update equation and sophisticated communication topologies of the swarm. In this paper, we propose a PSO topology based on multiples rings. In this approach, the acceleration coefficients and the communication inside each ring are adjusted based on a grade, which is calculated by evaluating a fitness comparison. The diversity of the system is provided by the ring rotations. The neighborhood of each particle is defined according its grade as defined in the dispersed PSO. A comparison with star, ring and simple multi-ring topologies was performed. Our simulation results showed that the proposed topology always achieve good results when compared to other approaches.
Educational stratification among Arabs and Jews in Israel: Historical disadvantage, discrimination, and opportunity

Arabs in Israel are a heterogeneous but largely underprivileged minority with a history of disadvantage in several domains, including education and employment. In this paper, we document changes in their attainment of various educational levels across cohorts born from the mid-1920s to the 1970s. We make comparisons among different Arab religious groups, between men and women, and between Arabs and the majority Jewish populations in Israel. We find that over consecutive birth cohorts, substantial ethnic differences in educational attainment have narrowed at the lower levels of schooling, but have increased at higher levels. Moreover, the results indicate that the disadvantage of Muslim Arabs in terms of entry into and completion of high school can be accounted for only partially by differences in the social status of their parents and characteristics of their neighbourhoods. The findings suggest that long-term historical differences among groups and discriminatory practices towards Arabs are important factors in explanations of disparities in educational attainment.
Sweet Bird of Youth and Other Plays

Loneliness, sexual tension and the need for human kindness pervade these three plays by Tennessee Williams, as their characters rage against personal demons and the modern world. In "Sweet Bird of Youth", a drifter, Chance Wayne, returns to his home town with an ageing movie actress in search of the girl he loved in his youth, but with terrible, violent results. "Period of Adjustment" tells the story of two young newlyweds who visit the husband's old army friend on Christmas Eve after unsuccessfully consummating their marriage, and unleash forbidden passion, while in "The Night of the Iguana" a diverse group of people, including a disturbed ex-minister and a troubled spinster, are thrown together in an isolated Mexican hotel for one eventful night.
Leaderless Covert Networks: A Quantitative Approach

Abstract: Lindelauf et al. (2009a) introduced a quantitative approach to investigate optimal structures of covert networks. This approach used an objective function which is based on the secrecy versus information trade-off these organizations face. Sageman (2008) hypothesized that covert networks organize according to leaderless principles, i.e., clear leaders can not be identified. This flat organizational structure is quite robust to destabilization tactics which target the most important persons in a network. There exist several centrality measures to express the importance of persons in a network. The most recent one introduced in the field of covert networks is a game theoretical centrality measure which takes into account both the structure of the covert network, which usually reflects a communication structure, as well as non-network features, which represent individual parameters like financial means or bomb building skills, see Lindelauf et al. (2011). The question we try to answer in this chapter is whether there is a relationship between the quality of a covert network based on their optimality with respect to the trade-off between secrecy and information and the variance of the game theoretic centrality measures of the respective individuals in the network. The leaderless hypothesis seems to suggest that good covert networks do not have a high distinction between centrality of the individuals, i.e., they are leaderless. We investigate this by looking at homogeneous networks and heterogeneous networks in which the links between individuals are weighted. We find that (approximate) optimal networks have low variance in game-theoretic centrality, i.e., we find evidence that supports the leaderless hypothesis. However, if the networks are heterogeneous in the sense that, for instance, certain individuals communicate much more often than others, we find that the variance increases significantly. Finally, we look at the Jemaah Islamiyah 2002 Bali bombing. We find that the operational network used to conduct and to coordinate the bombing not only facilitated both secrecy and efficiency but also adhered to the leaderless principle.
Learning Accuracy and Availability of Humans Who Help Mobile Robots

When mobile robots perform tasks in environments with humans, it seems appropriate for the robots to rely on such humans for help instead of dedicated human oracles or supervisors. However, these humans are not always available nor always accurate. In this work, we consider human help to a robot as concretely providing observations about the robot's state to reduce state uncertainty as it executes its policy autonomously. We model the probability of receiving an observation from a human in terms of their availability and accuracy by introducing Human Observation Providers POMDPs (HOP-POMDPs). We contribute an algorithm to learn human availability and accuracy online while the robot is executing its current task policy. We demonstrate that our algorithmis effective in approximating the true availability and accuracy of humans without depending on oracles to learn, thus increasing the tractability of deploying a robot that can occasionally ask for help.
SHREC 2007 3 D Shape Retrieval Contest

The SHREC 3D Shape Retrieval Contest aims at evaluating the effectiveness of 3D-shape retrieval algorithms on various types of data. In this particular track the structure of three dimensional proteins is taken under consideration. The Protein Database (PDB) offers over 30000 protein structures. To cope with such a huge amount of data automatic classification and search tools get more and more important in biomolecular research. Feature based approaches are known to be the tool to provide a fast content based retrieval. In this contest we want to evaluate such methods. Each protein is attached with a fingerprint which is relying solely on coordinates of the atom sequence of the protein, no further information is used. Four different methods are evaluated.
A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise

A semi-empirical relation is presented that connects global sea-level rise to global mean surface temperature. It is proposed that, for time scales relevant to anthropogenic warming, the rate of sea-level rise is roughly proportional to the magnitude of warming above the temperatures of the pre–Industrial Age. This holds to good approximation for temperature and sea-level changes during the 20th century, with a proportionality constant of 3.4 millimeters/year per °C. When applied to future warming scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this relationship results in a projected sea-level rise in 2100 of 0.5 to 1.4 meters above the 1990 level.