Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Signal Mechanism Based on Combining Magnetic Flux Leakage and Eddy Current Testing

In order to improve sensitivity through information fusion technology, a combined DC magnetic flux leakage and eddy current testing method is proposed. Experimental results indicate that the inner wall cracks in the steel pipe are detected by eddy current system. In fact, the dilemma between the experimental signal and skin effect principle is obviously. Two factors including permeability and magnetic flux leakage that have influence on eddy current signal are analyzed with finite element method and verification experiments of magnetic source. So the viewpoint, that the signal of the internal crack is caused by eddy current effect may be erroneous. Perturbed magnetic field is analyzed by using equivalent source method. Theoretical analysis shows that magnetic flux leakage produced by the crack is far stronger than perturbed magnetic field induced by eddy current effect. The induced electromotive force is created by the variation of the magnetic flux within the cross section of the pick-up coil when the probe moves along the steel pipe with a crack. The signal produced by eddy current effect is submerged. Therefore, the signal of eddy current probe is induced by magnetic flux leakage produced by the crack. Eddy current testing results of ferromagnetic materials under saturation magnetization should be reinterpreted.
A layout decomposition algorithm for self-aligned multiple patterning

Self-aligned multiple patterning (SAMP) is a promising technology to scale IC devices to 7-nm half pitch and several 3- mask negative-tone SAMP processes for 2-D BEOL patterning applications have been proposed recently. In this paper, the existing coloring rules in self-aligned quadruple and sextuple patterning (SAQP and SASP) processes are reexamined first. We further discuss the geometric relation between various features and remove the unnecessary constraints, and develop improved layout decomposition algorithms for both processes. The cut-mask related overlay issue is addressed by proposing an edge-expansion solution when generating the cut patterns. Finally, we show that numerous standard M1 cells in the Open Cell Library, when slightly modified, can be successfully decomposed. This verifies the functionality of the new decomposition algorithms for continuous logic scaling to deep nano-scale using SAMP techniques.
Starspot-Induced Radial Velocity Jitter During a Stellar Cycle

Abstract Late-type stars exhibit cool regions on their surface, the stellar equivalent of sunspots. These dark starspots can also mimic the radial velocity variations caused by orbiting planets, making it at times difficult to distinguish between planets and activity signatures. The amount of spots on the Sun and other cool stars changes cyclically during an activity cycle, which has length varying from about a year to longer than the solar 11 years. In this work we investigate the influence of varying amount of starspots on the sparsely sampled radial velocity observations - which are the norm in the radial velocity studies searching for exoplanets on wide orbits. We study two simulated cases: one with a random spot configuration, and one where the spot occurrence is concentrated. In addition we use Doppler images of young solar analogue V889 Her as a high activity case.
The Discovery of Two New Bipolar Proto-Planetary Nebulae: IRAS 16594–4656 and IRAS 17245–3951

We report the discovery of two new, bipolar proto-planetary nebulae (PPNs). Both are cool IRAS sources for which we have confirmed optical counterparts by our 10 μm observations. Ground-based visible and infrared photometry was combined with the IRAS photometry and spectroscopy to produce their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). These SEDs look like those of other PPNs, in particular those of bipolar PPNs. The central stars of both objects are highly reddened and have color temperatures ~3000-4000 K. The nebulosities are dominated by scattered light, not emission lines as in planetary nebulae. IRAS 16594-4656 appears to possess the 21 μm emission feature seen previously in a dozen carbon-rich PPNs, along with the 8 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature. Published millimeter-wave observations support the notion that it is carbon-rich, while IRAS 17245-3951 appears to be oxygen-rich. These facts confirm that these two objects are PPNs in transition between the asymptotic giant branch and planetary nebula phases. Hubble Space Telescope imaging reveals that they are indeed bipolar nebulae. IRAS 17245-3951 clearly displays two lobes separated by a dust lane; thus it is viewed nearly edge-on. Two jetlike features are seen in the southern lobe of IRAS 17245-3951, similar to the base of the searchlight beams seen in AFGL 2688. IRAS 16594-4656 appears to be a bipolar nebulae viewed at an intermediate orientation, and both the lobes and the central star can be seen. IRAS 16594-4656 therefore gives us our first clear example of the apparent morphology of a bipolar PPN viewed at an intermediate orientation. The addition of these objects to the list of bipolar PPNs confirms that such bipolar morphologies develop early in post-AGB evolution.
Is there a (new) bubble in the US housing market? An empirical specification to identify rational housing bubbles∗

For the last two years (2020 and 2021), real home prices have risen enormously in the United States. Indeed, the peak prices of 2021 were even more prominent than those experienced during the last housing bubble, which burst in 2006. Thereby, one relevant question strongly arises: has it emerged a new housing bubble in the US economy? Based on previous academic rational bubble theoretical frameworks and the current account identity, this study demonstrates empirically that such a recent and extreme appreciation trend is not a consequence of a rational housing bubble. Through an OLS panel regression model it is applied an empirical test on three different periods of interest: the Dot-Com Bubble (1996-2000), the Housing Bubble (2002-2006), and the COVID-19 explored episode (2020-2021). From 2020 to 2021 and during the Dot-Com Bubble, an insignificant statistical influence of the US foreign capital inflows is detected on the real house price evolution. While at the same time, in the course of the Housing Bubble, such an effect of the international capital movements on the housing appreciation is statistically significant. Following the previous literature, this empirical evidence identifies the Housing Bubble as the only analysed period containing a rational bubble in the housing market. Consequently, as a result, the Dot-Com Bubble and the years under COVID-19 are not detected as rational housing bubble episodes. This categorisation of the Dot-Com Bubble and the Housing Bubble is consistent with earlier academic research. Hence, the reported novel findings related to 2020 and 2021 are endowed with important credibility since the used empirical strategy can accurately classify prior documented rational bubble events. Moreover, these results exhibit a solid validity after applying several robustness tests. Thus, this analysis offers the first comprehensive empirical evidence postulating that a rational bubble did not emerge in the US housing market during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Resveratrol Ameliorates Trigeminal Neuralgia-Induced Cognitive Deficits by Regulating Neural Ultrastructural Remodelling and the CREB/BDNF Pathway in Rats

Chronic pain often leads to cognitive impairment. Resveratrol (Res), a natural polyphenol existing in Polygonum cuspidatum, has been widely investigated for its antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Our aim was to explore the ameliorating effects of resveratrol on pain-related behaviors and learning and memory deficits induced by cobra venom-induced trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The TN model of rats was established by injecting cobra venom solution beneath the epineurium of the infraorbital nerve. Resveratrol was intragastrically administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg twice daily beginning on postoperative day 15. CREB inhibitor 666-15 was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg from POD 35-42 after morning resveratrol treatment. Mechanical allodynia was measured via von Frey filaments. Rat free movement was videotaped and analyzed. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated via the Morris water maze test. Ultrastructures of the hippocampal DG region and infraorbital nerve were observed by transmission electron microscopy. We found that resveratrol alleviated TN-induced allodynia, ameliorated learning and memory deficits, restored the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons and synapses, repaired the damaged myelin sheath of the infraorbital nerve, and activated the CREB/BDNF pathway in the hippocampus of TN rats. CREB inhibitor administration suppressed the resveratrol-rescued abnormal hippocampal ultrastructural changes and aggravated spatial learning and memory impairment by inhibiting CREB/BDNF pathway activation in the hippocampus. Our findings indicated that resveratrol alleviated pain and improved cognitive deficits, probably by regulating neural ultrastructure remodelling and the CREB/BDNF pathway.
[I006] How to calibrate gamma camera for 223Ra Dosimetry

Introduction. Diffusion refers to the random Brownian molecular motion. In a bulk liquid, water molecules are free to move and this is characterized by a large value of the diffusion constant, D. The motion of water molecules within cells may be restricted by the cell wall and other structures, resulting in a lower value of D; the same may be true of interstitial fluid in tissues if the cells are densely packed. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) generates images based on the variation of D [1]. Diffusion-Weighted MRI. DWI uses balanced pulses of magnetic field gradient, applied either side of a 180 pulse within a spinecho pulse sequence, as introduced by Stejskal and Tanner in 1965 [2]. For stationary spins, any phase accrued during the first gradient pulse is unwound during the second pulse. Spins in random motion, however, become dephased, leading to a diffusion-dependent loss of signal. The signal can be given by S b; TE ð Þ 1⁄4 M0exp TE T 2 exp bD ð Þ where b is a factor which is dependent on the square of gradient strength (G), its duration and spacing, known as the ‘‘b-value”; the stronger the value of b, the higher is the diffusion weighting [3]. b values in the range 0–1000 s/mm are typically used. In a DWI image with a large b-value, tissues containing freely-diffusing water molecules will appear dark (due to loss of signal), while tissues where diffusion is restricted will appear with greater intensity. Conclusions. DWI is a standard part of the diagnostic armoury of clinical MRI, where one of its most important applications lies in the diagnosis of cancer. This lecture will describe the basic principles of DWI, with particular emphasis on its use in oncology [4].
Analysis of the Antioxidant Mechanism of Tamarix ramosissima Roots under NaCl Stress Based on Physiology, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic

There is a serious problem with soil salinization that affects the growth and development of plants. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb (T. ramosissima), as a halophyte, is widely used for afforestation in salinized soils. At present, there are few reports on the antioxidant mechanism of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress. In this study, we learned about the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content changes in T. ramosissima. We also mined the relevant metabolic pathways in the antioxidant mechanism, candidate key genes, and their related differential metabolites and verified them using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results show that the SOD, POD, and CAT activities, and the H2O2 and MDA content reached the highest values in the roots of T. ramosissima. Simultaneously, 92 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to antioxidant enzyme activities changed during 48 and 168 h of NaCl stress, and these DEGs were mainly upregulated in 168 h. Based on the association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we found Unigene0089358 and Unigene0007782 as genes related to key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. They were located in the upstream positive regulation at 48 and 168 h under NaCl stress, and their respective related metabolites (phloretin and pinocembrin) were involved in resistance to NaCl stress, and they were significantly correlated with their respective metabolites. In conclusion, at 48 and 168 h under NaCl stress, the roots of T. ramosissima resist NaCl stress by enhancing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, scavenging ROS generated by high-salt stress, alleviating NaCl toxicity, and maintaining the growth of T. ramosissima. This study provides genetic resources and a scientific theoretical basis for further breeding of salt-tolerant Tamarix plants and the molecular mechanism of antioxidants to alleviate NaCl toxicity.
Non-invasive evaluation of embryo quality for the selection of transferable embryos in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

The ultimate goal of human assisted reproductive technology is to achieve a healthy pregnancy and birth, ideally from the selection and transfer of a single competent embryo. Recently, techniques for efficiently evaluating the state and quality of preimplantation embryos using time-lapse imaging systems have been applied. Artificial intelligence programs based on deep learning technology and big data analysis of time-lapse monitoring system during in vitro culture of preimplantation embryos have also been rapidly developed. In addition, several molecular markers of the secretome have been successfully analyzed in spent embryo culture media, which could easily be obtained during in vitro embryo culture. It is also possible to analyze small amounts of cell-free nucleic acids, mitochondrial nucleic acids, miRNA, and long non-coding RNA derived from embryos using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or digital PCR, as well as next-generation sequencing. Various efforts are being made to use non-invasive evaluation of embryo quality (NiEEQ) to select the embryo with the best developmental competence. However, each NiEEQ method has some limitations that should be evaluated case by case. Therefore, an integrated analysis strategy fusing several NiEEQ methods should be urgently developed and confirmed by proper clinical trials.
Storytelling Earth and Body

According to Sylvia Wynter, we are “a storytelling species”: The capacity to narrate the world might be what we hold most in common as “humans” across diverse geographies. In this article, we weave together Black, Indigenous, and third world and women of color feminist scholarship to ask this question: How can storytelling, as an alternate mode of theorization, help us resituate contemporary planetary crises within longer histories and plural understandings of our relations with earth? We closely read three anticolonial (feminist) scholars whose theories illuminate the relationship of race, gender, and nature: Wynter’s genealogy of humans as storytellers; Lorena Cabnal’s elaboration of cuerpo-territorio (body-territory) and ancestral patriarchy; and Mishuana Goeman’s conceptualization of the body as a meeting place. Anticolonial feminist storytelling alters the spatiotemporal scales through which planetary crises are understood by centering the relationship between body and land. We elaborate how the White, cis male, bourgeois and propertied figure of the human reproduces a story that normalizes the racialization of people and ecologies, gendered domination, and extractivism. Revealing this dominant story to be a fiction of modernity, these scholars open a space of possibility, to tell stories otherwise that reimagine what it means to be human on earth. Storytelling as anticolonial praxis troubles the fixity of racial-colonial violence and reconceives the human, not as a liberal subject or fixed object within colonial capitalism, but as a node within a relational network of human and nonhuman kin.
Immigration, Homeownership, and Mental Health

The author examines if the association between immigration and mental health, as measured by psychological distress, is altered by homeownership status among a sample of immigrants to Toronto, Canada compared with the native-born (n = 1,909). Adjusted multivariate results indicate lower psychological distress among foreign-born homeowners compared with native-born renters and owners and foreign-born renters. This association is due in part to greater ontological security among immigrant homeowners, compared with renters (native-born and foreign-born) and higher perceived status attainment compared with foreign-born renters. However, contrary to predictions, the lower psychological distress among foreign-born owners, compared with native-born owners, is not due to higher ontological security among this group of the foreign-born compared with their native-born counterparts.
Tree rings reveal changes in the temperature pattern in eastern China before and during the Anthropocene

A comprehensive understanding of the spatial characteristics of warming trends and temperature variability is important given global warming. Paleoclimate reconstruction has played an important role in evaluating warming and extreme climactic events in recent decades. Using the ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis, we reconstructed the ground surface temperature changes at Mengshan Mountain, in the central part of eastern China (EC), from 1667 to 2019. There were 3 extremely low-temperature years, 42 low-temperature years, 256 normal years, 37 high-temperature years and 15 extremely high-temperature years over the past 353 years. High and extremely high temperatures mainly occurred in the first half of the 19th century, the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century; low and extremely low temperatures occurred in almost all periods except for the last 50 years. By combining the past temperature reconstructions from the Great Xing’an Mountains in northern EC and Taiwan in southern EC, we also found that after the start of the Anthropocene, there were strong positive correlations among the temperatures of the northern, central and southern parts of EC. However, before the Anthropocene, these correlations were weak, and there was even a significant negative correlation during some periods. Additionally, the temperature in EC exhibited different change patterns before and during the Anthropocene. Before the Anthropocene, the temperature in southern EC showed an upward trend; in central EC, the temperature first rose and then began to decline in the 1820s; there was no obvious trend in the temperature changes in northern EC. The spatial consistency of temperature changes during the Anthropocene might be related to the fact that greenhouse gases emitted by human activities diffuse evenly withatmospheric circulation and absorb longwave radiation to directly heat the atmosphere.
Comprehensive comparison of gene expression diversity among a variety of human stem cells

Abstract Several factors, including tissue origins and culture conditions, affect the gene expression of undifferentiated stem cells. However, understanding the basic identity across different stem cells has not been pursued well despite its importance in stem cell biology. Thus, we aimed to rank the relative importance of multiple factors to gene expression profile among undifferentiated human stem cells by analyzing publicly available RNA-seq datasets. We first conducted batch effect correction to avoid undefined variance in the dataset as possible. Then, we highlighted the relative impact of biological and technical factors among undifferentiated stem cell types: a more influence on tissue origins in induced pluripotent stem cells than in other stem cell types; a stronger impact of culture condition in embryonic stem cells and somatic stem cell types, including mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, we found that a characteristic gene module, enriched in histones, exhibits higher expression across different stem cell types that were annotated by specific culture conditions. This tendency was also observed in mouse stem cell RNA-seq data. Our findings would help to obtain general insights into stem cell quality, such as the balance of differentiation potentials that undifferentiated stem cells possess.
On Modeling the Near-Infrared Two-Color Locus of OH/IR Stars with a Constant dM/dt

OH/IR stars fall on a well-defined locus in two-color near-IR (NIR) plots. This locus is replicated by a sequence of self-consistent radiative-transfer models of shells with long-term constant mass loss provided that (1) the initial stellar spectral energy distribution has NIR colors matching those at the foot of the locus and (2) a cold-silicate dust opacity function is used. The models depend on the public code DUSTY. The NIR locus is also followed by models of detached shells: our models are based on shells generated by a constant dM/dt within which a central hole grows, so an expansion-time chronology can be attached to the color evolution of a detached shell. This also provides an upper limit on the time for 1612 MHz masers to disappear after dM/dt → 0. The brevity of this timescale shows that the pumping of 1612 MHz masers is very dependant on the reprocessing of the stellar radiation field occurring within 5rd of the star (where rd is the radius of the hottest dust), which explains why they can disappear on timescales of less than two decades. Our second concern is to explain the distribution along the NIR locus of the OH/IR stars with the reddest IRAS colors, which appear to have "detached" shells, even though many are mid-IR (MIR) variables. Since the NIR locus is followed by shells generated by any form of dM/dt, whether constant, interrupted, or periodic, these MIR variables show that most thick, oxygen-rich, circumstellar shells exhibit a severe cyclical modulation in their mass-loss rates, as predicted by Simis in 2001.
Deep learning enabled cross‐lingual search with metaheuristic web based query optimization model for multi‐document summarization

Due to the exponential increase in the generation of digital documents and in the online search user diversity, multilingual information is highly available on the Internet. However, the huge amount of multilingual data cannot be analyzed manually. Therefore, cross lingual multi‐document summarization (CLMDS) model is introduced to generate a summary of several documents in which the summary language is different from the source document language. This paper presents a Deep Learning Enabled Cross‐lingual Search with Metaheuristic based Query Optimization (DLCLS‐MQO) model for Multi‐document summarization. The DLCLS‐MQO model allows to offer a query in Tamil, summarize several English documents, and lastly translate the summary into Tamil. The DLCLS‐MQO model encompasses four stages of operation such as multilingual search, query optimization, automatic sematic lexicon builder, and document summarization. Firstly, bidirectional long short‐term memory (BiLSTM) model is applied to perform multilingual searching process. Followed by, sunflower optimization (SFO) algorithm based query optimization process is carried out. Moreover, global vectors (GloVe) method is used for the construction of domain oriented sentiment lexicons. Finally, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model is applied for the CLMDS. A detailed simulation analysis takes place to highlight the betterment of the DLCLS‐MQO model. The resultant experimental values portrayed the superior performance of the DLCLS‐MQO model over the compared methods.