Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic Loss of microRNA-101 Leads to Overexpression of Histone Methyltransferase EZH2 in Cancer

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a mammalian histone methyltransferase that contributes to the epigenetic silencing of target genes and regulates the survival and metastasis of cancer cells. EZH2 is overexpressed in aggressive solid tumors by mechanisms that remain unclear. Here we show that the expression and function of EZH2 in cancer cell lines are inhibited by microRNA-101 (miR-101). Analysis of human prostate tumors revealed that miR-101 expression decreases during cancer progression, paralleling an increase in EZH2 expression. One or both of the two genomic loci encoding miR-101 were somatically lost in 37.5% of clinically localized prostate cancer cells (6 of 16) and 66.7% of metastatic disease cells (22 of 33). We propose that the genomic loss of miR-101 in cancer leads to overexpression of EZH2 and concomitant dysregulation of epigenetic pathways, resulting in cancer progression.
Algorithms for Density, Potential Temperature, Conservative Temperature, and the Freezing Temperature of Seawater

Algorithms are presented for density, potential temperature, conservative temperature, and the freezing temperature of seawater. The algorithms for potential temperature and density (in terms of potential temperature) are updates to routines recently published by McDougall et al., while the algorithms involving conservative temperature and the freezing temperatures of seawater are new. The McDougall et al. algorithms were based on the thermodynamic potential of Feistel and Hagen; the algorithms in this study are all based on the “new extended Gibbs thermodynamic potential of seawater” of Feistel. The algorithm for the computation of density in terms of salinity, pressure, and conservative temperature produces errors in density and in the corresponding thermal expansion coefficient of the same order as errors for the density equation using potential temperature, both being twice as accurate as the International Equation of State when compared with Feistel’s new equation of state. An inverse function relating potential temperature to conservative temperature is also provided. The difference between practical salinity and absolute salinity is discussed, and it is shown that the present practice of essentially ignoring the difference between these two different salinities is unlikely to cause significant errors in ocean models.
Turnover and synthesis of norepinephrine in experimental hypertension in rats.

The turnover of norepinephrine and the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of catecholamines were studied in various organs of rats made hypertensive by DOCA and NaCl. After inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by α-methyl- p -tyrosine, an increase in the rate of disappearance of endogenous norepinephrine in the heart, intestine, and spleen of hypertensive rats indicated an increased norepinephrine turnover rate in these organs: Similarly, the rate of decline of 3H-norepinephrine endogenously formed from 3H-dopamine seemed to be increased in the same organs from hypertensive animals. In contrast, the salivary glands showed no change in turnover of norepinephrine. The conversion of tyrosine to catecholamines was normal in the hearts of the hypertensive rats but it was increased in the adrenal glands. The β-hydroxylation of dopamine to norepinephrine was normal or slightly increased in the heart, spleen, intestine, and salivary glands of hypertensive animals. The phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase activity was normal in the adrenal glands. It thus seems that in hypertension produced by DOCA and NaCl the turnover of norepinephrine is increased in various organs without any detectable change in the synthesis rate, with the exception of the adrenal gland, in which it was increased. This might explain the reduction of the endogenous norepinephrine levels observed in many tissues of animals made hypertensive by DOCA and sodium.
The Nuclear Form of Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase Is a Protein Thiol Peroxidase Contributing to Sperm Chromatin Stability

ABSTRACT The selenoenzyme phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) is regarded as the major molecular target of selenodeficiency in rodents, accounting for most of the histopathological and structural abnormalities of testicular tissue and male germ cells. PHGPx exists as a cytosolic form, mitochondrial form, and nuclear form (nPHGPx) predominantly expressed in late spermatids and spermatozoa. Here, we demonstrate that mice with a targeted deletion of the nPHGPx gene were, unlike mice with the full knockout (KO) of PHGPx, not only viable but also, surprisingly, fully fertile. While both morphological analysis of testis and epididymis and sperm parameter measurements did not show any apparent abnormality, toluidine blue and acridine orange stainings of spermatozoa indicated defective chromatin condensation in the KO sperm isolated from the caput epididymis. Furthermore, upon drying and hydrating, KO sperm exhibited a significant proportion of morphologically abnormal heads. Monobromobimane labeling and protein-free thiol titration revealed significantly less extensive oxidation in the cauda epididymis when compared to that in the wild type. We conclude that nPHGPx, by acting as a protein thiol peroxidase in vivo, contributes to the structural stability of sperm chromatin.
A review of the management of open fractures of the tibia and femur.

The annual incidence of open fractures of long bones has been estimated to be 11.5 per 100 000 persons[1][1] with 40% occurring in the lower limb, commonly at the tibial diaphysis. [2][2] Open fractures in the leg tend to be more severe compared with those in the arm because of the degree of soft-
Which Space Partitioning Tree to Use for Search-Summary

Trees like binary-space-partitioning trees, kd-trees, principal axis trees and random projection trees are used to answer the question ”which tree to use for nearest-neighbor search? ” This paper deals with the influence of the vector quantization performance of the trees on the search performance and the margins of the partitions in these trees. Theoretical results show that both factors have an impact on search performance. 1 Nearest-neighbor search The most common techniques for nearest-neighbor search are the search with hierarchical tree indices and search with hash-based indices. Multidimensional binary space-partitioning trees like kd -trees[1] are used very often for nearest neighbor search. The time it takes to find the nearest neighbour in low dimensions is O(log(n)), but with increasing dimensionality the worst case for the search can be every node in every dimension which basically means O(n). Real data has low ”intrinsic” dimensionality. This is why binary spacepartitioning trees in high dimensions are said to perform worse even though there are no scientific results to support this assumption. This paper presents theoretical results which link the search performance of BSP-trees to properties of the data and the tree. In this way individual factors that affect the search performance of the BSP-trees can be dealt with.
The fields on the way to prosody Alternatives to phrase structure based approaches to prosody

We present a model for prosodic synthesis in the framework of the Meaning-Text Theory. We discuss the usefulness of the dependency tree as the syntactic representation in comparison to the usual X-bar phrase structure, and we introduce a topological and a phonological representation as intermediate steps in the generation process. The correspondences between the different levels are formalized and implemented, and several grammars have been developed.
Differentially Private Password Frequency Lists

Given a dataset of user-chosen passwords, the frequency list reveals the frequency of each unique password. We present a novel mechanism for releasing perturbed password frequency lists with rigorous security, efficiency, and distortion guarantees. Specifically, our mechanism is based on a novel algorithm for sampling that enables an efficient implementation of the exponential mechanism for differential privacy (naive sampling is exponential time). It provides the security guarantee that an adversary will not be able to use this perturbed frequency list to learn anything of significance about any individual user’s password even if the adversary already possesses a wealth of background knowledge about the users in the dataset. We prove that our mechanism introduces minimal distortion, thus ensuring that the released frequency list is close to the actual list. Further, we empirically demonstrate, using the now-canonical password dataset leaked from RockYou, that the mechanism works well in practice: as the differential privacy parameter varies from 8 to 0.002 (smaller implies higher security), the normalized distortion coefficient (representing the distance between the released and actual password frequency list divided by the number of users N ) varies from 8.8 × 10−7 to 1.9 × 10−3. Given this appealing combination of security and distortion guarantees, our mechanism enables organizations to publish perturbed password frequency lists. This can facilitate new research comparing password security between populations and evaluating password improvement approaches. To this end, we have collaborated with Yahoo! to use our differentially private mechanism to publicly release a corpus of 50 password frequency lists representing approximately 70 million Yahoo! users. This dataset is now the largest password frequency corpus available. Using our perturbed dataset we are able to closely replicate the original published analysis of this data.
Model Driven Architecture: A Perspective

The current software development approaches that support developers in providing enterprise centric computing solutions have been falling short of expectations in handling some of the most trivial issues like changes in requirements, changing technologies, multiple platforms and platform interoperability. Model Driven Development (MDD) approach for software development is aimed at leveraging models to cater to these challenges. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) based on MDD and supported by UML, MOF and other standards is fast becoming a dominant approach for software development these days. This paper is an attempt to provide a state-of-the-art review of MDA concepts and summarizes various advantages and disadvantages of MDA.
Dissimulation of mental retardation and traumatic brain injury on the Wais -Ii

Dissimulation of Mental Retardation and Traumatic Brain Injury on the WAIS-III by Joshua E. Caron, M.A. Dr. Daniel Allen, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Psychology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Since Atkins v. Virginia (2002), there has been increased concern that inmates will feign mental retardation (MR) to avoid the death penalty. However, very little research on malingering diction for mental retardation has been conducted, forcing most clinicians to rely on methods derived for malingered traumatic brain injury (TBI). This lack of research may lead to increased false positive rates. Limited research suggests that intelligence tests may hold promise for identifying malingered MR and malingered TBI. Therefore, developing malingering scales for most popular measure of intelligence, the WAIS-III, should provide the most effective and efficient measure for identifying persons feigning cognitive deficits. The current study investigated several research questions related to the factors just described. First, does malingering change based on the clinical group to be feigned? Second, will participants change their malingering performance based on type of secondary gain? Can malingering detection methods developed on the WAIS-R generalize to the WAIS-III, and will these methods be effective for identifying malingered MR. Finally, can the theory behind the Digit Span=s
A Proposal for a User-Level, Message-Passing Interface in a Distributed Memory Environment

This paper describes Message Passing Interface 1 (MPI1), a proposed library interface standard for supporting point-to-point message passing. The intended standard will be provided with Fortran 77 and C interfaces, and will form the basis of a standard high level communication environment featuring collective communication and data distribution transformations. The standard proposed here provides blocking and nonblocking message passing between pairs of processes, with message selectivity by source process and message type. Provision is made for noncontiguous messages. Context control provides a convenient means of avoiding message selectivity conflicts between different phases of an application. The ability to form and manipulate process groups permit task parallelism to be exploited, and is a useful abstraction in controlling certain types of collective communication.
Abstract non-interference in a fragment of Java bytecode

This work presents a program analyzer for checking Abstract Non-Interference in a fragment of Java bytecode. Abstract Non-Interference is an information flow property which is weaker and more general than standard Non-Interference, since it can allow some selected parts of secret information to flow into the public part of a program. The motivation for such a weakening is that some flows are indeed useful in real-life applications. The amount of allowed flows is encoded into abstract domains, which characterize the degree of precision of a potential attacker in observing data; flows are forbidden as long as they can be observed and exploited by attackers. Abstract values describe possible values of programs in different executions. Basic features of Java bytecode are considered; advanced topics, such as method calls, objects and exceptions, are also discussed. A program is said to be secure if analysis computes a state which does not contain private information in public places; information flows can exist only as long as the attacker has not enough observational power to see and exploit them.
Discovering Parallel Text from the World Wide Web

Parallel corpus is a rich linguistic resource for various multilingual text management tasks, including cross-lingual text retrieval, multilingual computational linguistics and multilingual text mining. Constructing a parallel corpus requires effective alignment of parallel documents. In this paper, we develop a parallel page identification system for identifying and aligning parallel documents from the World Wide Web. The system crawls the Web to fetch potentially parallel multilingual Web documents using a Web spider. To determine the parallelism between potential document pairs, two modules are developed. First, a filename comparison module is used to check filename resemblance. Second, a content analysis module is used to measure the semantic similarity. The experiment conducted to a multilingual Web site shows the effectiveness of the system.
A Pliant Method for Anisotropic Mesh Generation

A new algorithm for the generation of anisotropic, unstructured triangular meshes in two dimensions is described. Inputs to the algorithm are the boundary geometry and a metric that speciﬁes the desired element size and shape as a function of position. The algorithm is an example of what we call pliant mesh generation . It ﬁrst con-structs the constrained Delaunay triangulation of the domain, then iteratively smooths, reﬁnes, and retriangulates. On each iteration, a node is selected at random, it is repositioned according to attraction/repulsion with its neighbors, the neighborhood is retriangulated, and nodes are inserted or deleted as necessary. All operations are done relative to the metric tensor. This simple method generates high quality meshes whose elements conform well to the requested shape metric. The method appears particularly well suited to surface meshing and viscous ﬂow simulations, where stretched triangles are desirable, and to time-dependent remeshing problems.
Mitochondrial Pathways Occurs by both the Death Receptor and Accelerated Lymphocyte Death in Sepsis

Patients with sepsis are immune compromised, as evidenced by their failure to clear their primary infection and their propensity to develop secondary infections with pathogens that are often not particularly virulent in normal healthy individuals. A potential mechanism for immunosuppression in sepsis is lymphocyte apoptosis, which may occur by either a death receptor or a mito-chondrial-mediated pathway. A prospective study of blood samples from 71 patients with sepsis, 55 nonseptic patients, and 6 healthy volunteers was undertaken to quantitate lymphocyte apoptosis and determine cell death pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis. Apoptosis was evaluated by ﬂow cytometry and Western blotting. Lymphocyte apoptosis was increased in CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells (CD20), and NK cells (CD56) in septic vs nonseptic patients. Samples taken sequentially from 10 patients with sepsis showed that the degree of CD3 T cell apoptosis correlated with the activity of his/her sepsis. In septic patients, apoptotic lymphocytes were positive for active caspases 8 and 9, consistent with death occurring by both mitochondrial-mediated and receptor-mediated pathways. In support of the concept that both death pathways were operative, lymphocyte apoptosis occurred in cells with markedly decreased Bcl-2 (an inhibitor of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis) as well as cells with normal concentrations of Bcl-2. In conclusion, apoptosis occurs in a broad range of lymphocyte subsets in patients with sepsis and correlates with the activity of the disease. Lymphocyte loss occurs by both death receptor and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that there may be multiple triggers for lymphocyte apoptosis. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 5110–5118. atients with sepsis are immunosuppressed, as evidenced by
Dynamic measurement output feedback controllers for exact model matching and disturbance rejection of general linear neutral time delay systems

The control design problem of exact model matching with simultaneous disturbance rejection (EMMDR) for left invertible general neutral multi-delay systems is solved via a dynamic realizable controller using the measurable disturbances and feeding back the measurement outputs of the system. The dynamic part of the controller connecting the measurement outputs and external commands to the inputs is considered to be realizable and proper while the dynamic part of the controller connecting the measurable disturbances to the inputs is considered to be realizable. For the controller to be implementable the transfer matrix mapping the control inputs to the measurable outputs is considered to be realizable. For this controller and open loop plant the necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the EMMDR problem are resolved and the general analytical expression of the controller matrices solving the problem is presented.
Non-melanoma skin cancer in Portuguese kidney transplant recipients - incidence and risk factors*

Background Cancer is currently among the three leading causes of death after solid organ transplantation and its incidence is increasing. Non-melanoma skin cancer - squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma - is the most common malignancy found in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in KTRs has not been extensively studied in Portugal. Objectives To determine the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in KTRs from the largest Portuguese kidney transplant unit; and to study risk factors for non-melanoma skin cancer. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical records of KTRs referred for the first time for a dermatology consultation between 2004 and 2013. A case-control study was performed on KTRs with and without non-melanoma skin cancer. Results We included 288 KTRs with a median age at transplantation of 47 years, a male gender predominance (66%) and a median transplant duration of 3.67 years. One fourth (n=71) of KTRs developed 131 non-melanoma skin cancers, including 69 (53%) squamous cell carcinomas and 62 (47%) basal cell carcinomas (ratio squamous cell carcinoma: basal cell carcinoma 1.11), with a mean of 1.85 neoplasms per patient. Forty percent of invasive squamous cell carcinomas involved at least two clinical or histological high-risk features. The following factors were associated with a higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: an older age at transplantation and at the first consultation, a longer transplant duration and the presence of actinic keratosis. KTRs treated with azathioprine were 2.85 times more likely to develop non-melanoma skin cancer (p=0.01). Conclusion Non-melanoma skin cancer was a common reason for dermatology consultation in Portuguese KTRs. It is imperative for KTRs to have access to specialized dermatology consultation for early referral and treatment of skin malignancies.
Palm Vein Recognition Based on Multi-algorithm and Score-Level Fusion

In order to improve the recognition rate of palm vein recognition algorithm, a recognition algorithm based on SIFT and ORB features extraction and score-level fusion is presented in this paper. Score-level fusion is an information fusion technique, which has six common combination rules. Two dynamic weight combination rules are proposed as a supplement here. The main steps of the proposed algorithm are: First, extract Region of interest (ROI) from the registered palm vein image and the to-be-matched palm vein image and process them with sharpen enhancement, and then extract SIFT features and ORB features and obtain matching scores respectively, finally utilize score-level fusion to compute the final score for decision. The experiments on the CASIA Palm Vein Image Database show that the algorithm attains the best recognition rate by utilizing the min-rule, and the equal error rate (EER) is 0.36%.
Pervasive Language Learning on Modern Mobile Devices

In this article, we describe our experience with deploying our previous work on machine translation and language learning on mobile Internet platforms, i.e. smartphones. We present UTROLL - a Ubiquitous Translation and Language Learning Environment, implemented on the Nokia N900 with Maemo5 and KANTEAM - KAnji TEAcher Mobile, implemented on the Samsung Galaxy Tab with Google's operating system Android. In the process of implementation, we have analyzed both platforms as ubiquitous learning devices with special focus on sensor and hardware capabilities as well as usability. This work is combined with our previous efforts and creates a bridge between a server-based machine translation system and an everyday smartphone user. We present a detailed description of both applications, UTROLL and KANTEAM, while comparing their capabilities with respect to their hardware and operating system issues.
A Generalized Least Absolute Deviation Method for Parameter Estimation of Autoregressive Signals

This paper proposes a generalized least absolute deviation (GLAD) method for parameter estimation of autoregressive (AR) signals under non-Gaussian noise environments. The proposed GLAD method can improve the accuracy of the estimation of the conventional least absolute deviation (LAD) method by minimizing a new cost function with parameter variables and noise error variables. Compared with second- and high-order statistical methods, the proposed GLAD method can obtain robustly an optimal AR parameter estimation without requiring the measurement noise to be Gaussian. Moreover, the proposed GLAD method can be implemented by a cooperative neural network (NN) which is shown to converge globally to the optimal AR parameter estimation within a finite time. Simulation results show that the proposed GLAD method can obtain more accurate estimates than several well-known estimation methods in the presence of different noise distributions.