Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Reference Corpus for Automatic Toponym Resolution Evaluation

Spatial named entities ground events in space, and this relationship is essential for advanced text processing applications such as question answering and event tracking. Toponym resolution is the task of mapping from an entity to a spatial representation (an extensional coordinate model), given the context. Whereas work on the temporal dimension is ongoing [17], to date no reference corpus exists to evaluate competing algorithms for toponym resolution. This paper argues that a shareable evaluation resource is necessary, and presents a proposal for the markup and the process of annotating the corpus. We present TRML, an XML-based markup language, and TAME, the Toponym Annotation Markup Editor, which are both part of a tool-chain developed as part of an ongoing corpus curation effort to address this issue.
Fast human detection in RGB-D images based on color-depth joint feature learning

Human detection in RGB-D images is an important yet very challenging task in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel human detection approach in RGB-D images, which integrates ROI (region-of-interest) generation, depth-size relationship estimation and a human detector. Our approach has the following advantages: 1) ROI generation and depth-size relationship estimation take full advantage of color and depth information to fast reject about 70% negative samples while maintaining a high recall rate; 2) the cascade-structured human detector can seamlessly concatenate features extracted from both color and depth images; and 3) our method can detect human at a speed of more than 30 fps on 640 χ 480 images on a single laptop CPU without any GPU acceleration. Experiments on challenging public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Women and international assignments: A systematic literature review exploring textual data by correspondence analysis

Purpose - – Research on female expatriates has been substantially growing over the last decades and particularly in more recent years. Complementing previous thematic analyses of the literature, the purpose of this paper is to apply textual statistics and correspondence analysis to reveal the existing semantic structure of the field of research on female expatriates. Design/methodology/approach - – Using correspondence analysis, the authors explored textual data from the abstracts of 151 identified journal articles published in English since 1975. The authors obtained a graphical representation showing the various developmental stages of research on female expatriates. Findings - – The authors found that research follows a home-host country orientation and advances from an organizational focus toward individual-level studies. The authors identified various directions for future research and especially a strong need for more multilevel approaches to study men’s and women’s expatriate experiences and trajectories in various contexts. Research limitations/implications - – Only articles with abstracts entered the analysis, which in turn was dependent on the content and quality of these abstracts. This limitation has been addressed by thoroughly reading each article considered. Originality/value - – This review adopts an original method in research on (female) expatriates and more broadly management research. It enabled the authors to map out the development of key research themes over time. Based on this analysis, gaps in current research could be identified and clear directions for future research were formulated.
Exploring tangible and direct touch interfaces for manipulating 2D and 3D information on a digital table

On traditional tables, people often manipulate a variety of physical objects, both 2D in nature (e.g., paper) and 3D in nature (e.g., books, pens, models, etc.). Current advances in hardware technology for tabletop displays introduce the possibility of mimicking these physical interactions through direct-touch or tangible user interfaces. While both promise intuitive physical interaction, they are rarely discussed in combination in the literature. In this paper, we present a study that explores the advantages and disadvantages of tangible and touch interfaces, specifically in relation to one another. We discuss our results in terms of how effective each technique was for accomplishing both a 3D object manipulation task and a 2D information visualization exploration task. Results suggest that people can more quickly move and rotate objects in 2D with our touch interaction, but more effectively navigate the visualization using tangible interaction. We discuss how our results can be used to inform future designs of tangible and touch interaction.
Immunomagnetic separation combined with colony immunoblotting for selective enrichment and detection of piliated Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains

Piliated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (pLR) strains have attracted much attention owing to their excellent mucus adhering capacity and immunomodulatory effects. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive method for isolating pLR strains in complex ecosystems using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) with colony immunoblotting (CIB).
When and Why Minority Legislators Matter

Immigrant populations in many developed democracies have grown rapidly, and so too has an extensive literature on natives’ attitudes toward immigration. This research has developed from two theoretical foundations, one grounded in political economy, the other in political psychology. These two literatures have developed largely in isolation from one another, yet the conclusions that emerge from each are strikingly similar. Consistently, immigration attitudes show little evidence of being strongly correlated with personal economic circumstances. Instead, research finds that immigration attitudes are shaped by sociotropic concerns about its cultural impacts— and to a lesser extent its economic impacts—on the nation as a whole. This pattern of results has held up as scholars have increasingly turned to experimental tests, and it holds for the United States, Canada, and Western Europe. Still, more work is needed to strengthen the causal identification of sociotropic concerns and to isolate precisely how, when, and why they matter for attitude formation. 225 A nn u. R ev . P ol it. S ci . 2 01 4. 17 :2 25 -2 49 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y St an fo rd U ni ve rs ity M ai n C am pu s L an e M ed ic al L ib ra ry o n 12 /0 4/ 15 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. PL17CH12-Hainmueller ARI 8 April 2014 7:42
Semantic dementia and Alzheimer´s disease: similar performance in semantic tasks?

Resumen Introduccion: La Demencia Semantica (DS) y la Demencia de tipo Alzheimer (DTA) presentan deterioro semantico; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios comparativos que investiguen las caracteristicas de estos deficits en estas patologias. Objetivos: Comparar perfiles de desempeno en tareas semanticas en pacientes con DS y con DTA. Metodologia: Se evaluaron 24 pacientes diagnosticados con DS (N=11) o DTA (N= 13) mediante tareas de denominacion de dibujos, asociaciones semanticas y fluidez semantica. Resultados: Se hallaron diferencias significativas de rendimiento en las tres tareas semanticas respecto de los controles en ambos grupos de pacientes. Conclusiones: La DS y DTA poseen perfiles de deterioro semantico diferente. El grupo de pacientes con DS presento mayor compromiso de la memoria semantica especialmente en la tarea de asociaciones semanticas.
De dimensies van sociometrische status

U. Bronfenbrenner's two-dimensional model of sociometric status ("A Constant Frame of Reference for Sociometric Research. Part II: Experiment and Inference," Sociometry, 1944, 7, 40-75) has been in common use since 1979. It is contended here that sociometric status does in fact have two dimensions, but that Bronfenbrenner's dimensions -- sympathy & antipathy -- are in fact two poles of one dimension; the other is "visibility" or "impact" of the individual under observation. The low correlation value of the double-ended dimension is explained & found to be related to the asymmetry of the variables. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 19 References. Modified AA
Enhancing recommendation diversity with organization interfaces

Research increasingly indicates that accuracy cannot be the sole criteria in creating a satisfying recommender from the users' point of view. Other criteria, such as diversity, are emerging as important characteristics for consideration as well. In this paper, we try to address the problem of augmenting users' perception of recommendation diversity by applying an organization interface design method to the commonly used list interface. An in-depth user study was conducted to compare an organization interface with a standard list interface. Our results show that the organization interface indeed effectively increased users' perceived diversity of recommendations, especially perceived categorical diversity. Furthermore, 65% of users preferred the organization interface, versus 20% for the list interface. 70% of users thought the organization interface is better at helping them perceive recommendation diversity versus only 15% for the list interface.
A statistical model of vehicle emissions and fuel consumption

Many vehicle emission models am overly simple, such as the speed dependent models used widely, and other models are sufficiently complicated as to require excessive inputs and calculations, which can slow down computational time. We develop and implement an instantaneous statistical model of emissions (CO/sub 2/, CO, HC, and NOx) and fuel consumption for light duty vehicles, which is simplified from the physical load-based approaches that are gaining in popularity. The model is calibrated for a set of vehicles driven on standard as well as aggressive driving cycles. The model is validated on another driving cycle in order to, test its estimation capabilities. The preliminary results indicate that the model gives reasonable results compared to actual measurements as well as to results obtained with CMEM, a well-known load-based emission model. Furthermore, the results indicate that the model runs fast and is relatively simple to calibrate. The model presented can be integrated with a variety of traffic models to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of traffic emissions and assess the impact of ITS traffic management strategies on travel times, emissions, and fuel consumption.
Data Preparation for Data Mining

Data Preparation for Data Mining addresses an issue unfortunately ignored by most authorities on data mining: data preparation. Thanks largely to its perceived difficulty, data preparation has traditionally taken a backseat to the more alluring question of how best to extract meaningful knowledge. But without adequate preparation of your data, the return on the resources invested in mining is certain to be disappointing.Dorian Pyle corrects this imbalance. A twenty-five-year veteran of what has become the data mining industry, Pyle shares his own successful data preparation methodology, offering both a conceptual overview for managers and complete technical details for IT professionals. Apply his techniques and watch your mining efforts pay off-in the form of improved performance, reduced distortion, and more valuable results.On the enclosed CD-ROM, you'll find a suite of programs as C source code and compiled into a command-line-driven toolkit. This code illustrates how the author's techniques can be applied to arrive at an automated preparation solution that works for you. Also included are demonstration versions of three commercial products that help with data preparation, along with sample data with which you can practice and experiment. * Offers in-depth coverage of an essential but largely ignored subject. * Goes far beyond theory, leading you-step by step-through the author's own data preparation techniques. * Provides practical illustrations of the author's methodology using realistic sample data sets. * Includes algorithms you can apply directly to your own project, along with instructions for understanding when automation is possible and when greater intervention is required. * Explains how to identify and correct data problems that may be present in your application. * Prepares miners, helping them head into preparation with a better understanding of data sets and their limitations.
Cannabis-Induced Psychotic-Like Experiences Are Associated with High Schizotypy

unpleasant after-effects associated with cannabis use. The pleasurable effects of cannabis use were not related to schizotypy score. Conclusion: High scoring schizo-types who use cannabis are more likely to experience psychotic-like phenomena at the time of use, and un-pleasant after-effects. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that cannabis use is a risk factor for full psychosis in this group.
Teaching growth of functions using equivalence classes: an alternative to big O notation

Understanding growth of functions using the standard big O definition and notation is a challenge for many undergraduate students. This paper <ol>presents an approach to teaching growth of functions that utilizes equivalence classes and partial ordering, identifies those mathematical concepts students should comprehend in order to understand the principles underlying growth of functions, demonstrates pedagogical inadequacies in existing order of complexity notation and definitions and gives a rationale for restricting functions under consideration to positive-valued, monotonic increasing. </ol
Foreign-grammar acquisition while watching subtitled television programmes.

BACKGROUND Past research has shown that watching a subtitled foreign movie (i.e. foreign language in the soundtrack and native language in the subtitles) leads to considerable foreign-language vocabulary acquisition; however, acquisition of the grammatical rules has failed to emerge. AIMS The aim of this study was to obtain evidence for the acquisition of grammatical rules in watching subtitled foreign movies. Given an informal context, younger children were predicted to outperform older children in acquiring a foreign language; however, older children will take more advantage of explicit instruction compared with younger children. SAMPLE In Experiment 1, 62 sixth-graders from a primary school and 47 sixth-graders from a secondary school volunteered to participate. The participants in Experiment 2 were 94 sixth-graders from primary schools and 84 sixth-graders from secondary schools. METHOD The two experiments manipulated the instructions (incidental- vs. intentional-language learning). Moreover, before the experiments began, some participants explicitly received some of the foreign grammatical rules (presented rules), while the movie contained cases of presented rules as well as cases of rules which had to be inferred (not-presented rules). RESULTS Rule acquisition through the movie only was not obtained; there was a strong effect of advance rule presentation but only on the items of presented rules, particularly among the older participants. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to vocabulary, grammar may be too complicated to acquire from a rather short movie presentation.
Sinto e Penso, logo Existo!: Abordagem Integrativa das Emoções

This paper tries to clarify the concept of emotion, stressing the importance of emotions for psychological adaptive functioning and psychotherapy. This clarification makes use of different characterizations and diferentiations, namely: (a) emotional schemes; (b) different types of emotions; (c) different types of affective phenomena and; (d) emotional functions. The concept of emotion is also related with the concept of psychological needs, stressing the importance of sound emotional functioning to the regulation of needs satisfaction. An innovative model of psychological needs is introduced, showing their importance for both well-being and mental health. The paper ends by claiming that, in psychotherapy, the ability to regulate needs should be taken into account.
IL-17 production by CSF lymphocytes as a biomarker for cerebral vasculitis

Objective: To explore the possibility of using interleukin-17 (IL-17) production by CD4+ T cells in the CSF as a potential biomarker for cerebral vasculitis in stroke patients. Methods: In this consecutive case study, we performed prospective analysis of CSF and blood in patients admitted to a university medical center with symptoms of stroke and suspected cerebral vasculitis. Flow cytometry was performed for intracellular detection of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood lymphocytes and expanded T cells from CSF. Results: CSF CD4+ lymphocytes from patients with cerebral vasculitis showed significantly higher levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 compared to patients with stroke not due to vasculitis or with other, noninflammatory neurologic diseases. There was no difference in the production of interferon-γ in the CSF and no overall differences in the relative frequencies of peripheral immune cells. Conclusions: Intracellular IL-17 in CSF cells is potentially useful in discriminating cerebral vasculitis as a rare cause in patients presenting with ischemic stroke. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that an increased proportion of IL-17-producing CD4+ cells in CSF of patients presenting with stroke symptoms is indicative of cerebral vasculitis (sensitivity 73%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 39–94%; specificity 100%, 95% CI 74%–100%).
Glutathione Deficiency of the Arabidopsis Mutant pad2-1 Affects Oxidative Stress-Related Events, Defense Gene Expression, and the Hypersensitive Response1[C][W][OA]

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) phytoalexin-deficient mutant pad2-1 displays enhanced susceptibility to a broad range of pathogens and herbivorous insects that correlates with deficiencies in the production of camalexin, indole glucosinolates, and salicylic acid (SA). The pad2-1 mutation is localized in the GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE (GCL) gene encoding the first enzyme of glutathione biosynthesis. While pad2-1 glutathione deficiency is not caused by a decrease in GCL transcripts, analysis of GCL protein level revealed that pad2-1 plants contained only 48% of the wild-type protein amount. In contrast to the wild type, the oxidized form of GCL was dominant in pad2-1, suggesting a distinct redox environment. This finding was corroborated by the expression of GRX1-roGFP2, showing that the cytosolic glutathione redox potential was significantly less negative in pad2-1. Analysis of oxidative stress-related gene expression showed a higher transcript accumulation in pad2-1 of GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE, GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE, and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D in response to the oomycete Phytophthora brassicae. Interestingly, oligogalacturonide elicitation in pad2-1 revealed a lower plasma membrane depolarization that was found to act upstream of an impaired hydrogen peroxide production. This impaired hydrogen peroxide production was also observed during pathogen infection and correlated with a reduced hypersensitive response in pad2-1. In addition, a lack of pathogen-triggered expression of the ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 gene, coding for the SA-biosynthetic enzyme isochorismate synthase, was identified as the cause of the SA deficiency in pad2-1. Together, our results indicate that the pad2-1 mutation is related to a decrease in GCL protein and that the resulting glutathione deficiency negatively affects important processes of disease resistance.
How do Superpeer Networks Emerge?

In this paper, we develop an analytical framework which explains the emergence of superpeer networks on execution of the commercial peer-to-peer bootstrapping protocols by incoming nodes. Bootstrapping protocols exploit physical properties of the online peers like resource content, processing power, storage space, connectivity etc as well as take the finiteness of bandwidth of each online peer into consideration. With the help of rate equations, we show that execution of these protocols results in the emergence of superpeer nodes in the network - the exact degree distribution is evaluated. We validate the framework developed in this paper through extensive simulation. The analysis of the results shows that the amount of superpeers produced in the network depends on the protocol as well as the properties of the joining nodes. Interestingly, our analysis reveals that increase in the amount of resource and the number of resourceful nodes do not always help to increase the fraction of superpeer nodes in the network. The impact of the frequent leaving of the peers on the topology of the emerging network is also evaluated. As an application study, we show that our framework can explain the topological configuration of commercial Gnutella networks. The developed model can almost perfectly match the degree distribution of Gnutella network.
A Comparison of Signaling Activities Induced by Taxol and Desoxyepothilone B

Abstract Desoxyepothilone B (dEpoB), currently in clinical trials, is a novel microtubule inhibitor with similar mode-of-action to paclitaxel (Taxol). Intriguingly, it is effective in some cell lines and tumor xenografts refractory to Taxol. The purpose of this study is to compare signaling induced by the two drugs and identify a molecular basis for increased efficacy of dEpoB in resistant lines. The importance of ERK sig-naling, already established for Taxol, was shown for dEpoB and other G2-blocking agents. However, a role in differential sensitivity was not observed. Affymetrix analysis shows similar gene modulation by either agent, alone or in combination with MEK inhibitor. Differential sensitivity in a set of Taxol-resistant lines correlat-ed to the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and its importance was demonstrated directly. These results suggest that Taxol and dEpoB elicit similar cell death path-ways, and the increased efficacy of dEpoB in resistant tumor lines lies in differen-tial susceptibility to P-gp.
Enhanced load-carrying capacity of hairy surfaces floating on water

Water repellency of hairy surfaces depends on the geometric arrangement of these hairs and enables different applications in both nature and engineering. We investigate the mechanism and optimization of a hairy surface floating on water to obtain its maximum load-carrying capacity by the free energy and force analyses. It is demonstrated that there is an optimum cylinder spacing, as a result of the compromise between the vertical capillary force and the gravity, so that the hairy surface has both high load-carrying capacity and mechanical stability. Our analysis makes it clear that the setae on water striders' legs or some insects' wings are in such an optimized geometry. Moreover, it is shown that surface hydrophobicity can further increase the capacity of a hairy surface with thick cylinders, while the influence is negligible when the cylinders are thin.
Influence of shielding materials on coil characteristics in inductive wireless power systems

Inductive wireless power systems rely on a low frequency, non-radiating, alternating magnetic field that may interfere with nearby objects or devices. In order to prevent this interference, the coils of inductive wireless power systems are often equipped with a shield consisting of ferrite or a combination of a ferrite and a metal plate. However, these materials have a significant influence on coil characteristics such as self inductance, equivalent series resistance, parasitic capacitance, quality factor and self resonance frequency. This paper discusses the influence of the mentioned shields on a wirewound pancake coil. The observed effects are discussed and their influence on the performance of a wireless power system is evaluated. These results can consequently be considered in the magnetic and electrical design process of a wireless power system.