Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graded hypoxia-oligemia in rat brain. I. Biochemical alterations and their implications.

Brain metabolism was studied in normotensive rats after unilateral carotid artery clamping combined with graded hypoxemia. Clamping plus lowering the arterial oxygen tension (Pao 2 ) to 28 mm Hg for 30 minutes caused a rise in lactate and a moderate change in energy state in the ipsilateral hemisphere. After Pao 2 21 mm Hg for 30 minutes, the ipsilateral hemisphere showed a more pronounced acidosis and energy change, but no decline in glucose substrate. These biochemical changes were interpreted as reflecting profound anoxemia rather than ischemia. Thirty minutes after reoxygenation and release of carotid clamp, both hemispheres of Pao2 28 animals were normal, but the clamped side of Pao 2 21 animals still showed an abnormal energy state and lactic acidosis. At least in this model, hypoxemia alone is sufficient to cause irreversible damage to brain tissue.
[Interaction of rilmenidine with renal imidazoline-guanidine sites].

Several studies have suggested that clonidine, guanfacine and rilmenidine decrease systemic blood pressure by stimulating central alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. However, we have shown that these molecules interact not only with alpha 2-adrenergic but also a new type of "non catecholamine" receptor in rabbit and human renal proximal tubules. This receptor, which we have called the imidazoline-guanidium receptor site (IGRS) seems to be pharmacologically, biochemically and fractionally distinct from alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. In order to determine the relative affinity of rilmenidine for these two types of receptor, we studied its capacity to inhibit the liaison of (H3)-idazoxan, a ligand with a high affinity for the IGRS, and of (H3)-rauwolscine, a ligand selective for alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the rabbit kidney. The results based on the apparent constants of inhibition (Ki) of the two radioligands [231 +/- 34 nM for (H3)-idazoxan and 2440 +/- 322 nM for (H3)-rauwolscine] showed that the selectivity of rilmenidine was 10 times greater for IGRS than for alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. This preferential activity on IGRS was confirmed by studies of the influx of Na22 into isolated renal proximal tubule cells of the rabbit. They showed that rilmenidine, in contrast to catecholamines, inhibited the transport of Na22 into the renal cells. In conclusion, the data from our studies shows that rilmenidine interacts with renal IGRS and inhibits cellular transport of sodium by a mechanism other than the stimulation of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Incidence of Tympanic Membrane Perforation after Intratympanic Steroid Treatment through Myringotomy Tubes

Intratympanic (IT) steroids are often used to treat inner ear disorders such as sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss, autoimmune inner ear disease, and Ménière disease. Administration of corticosteroids via IT injection, via application with a pledget to the round window, or via catheter has been used for this purpose. The frequency of adverse events related to the IT injection of steroids is low, with pain, short-lasting vertigo, otitis media, and tympanic perforations being the most common complications. However, the safety of IT steroid therapy has not yet been established in a randomized clinical trial. In this article, we discuss a group of 11 patients with sensorineural hearing loss who underwent myringotomy and tube placement for home-based dexamethasone instillation and subsequently developed the complication of tympanic membrane perforation. It appears that there is a significantly increased incidence of tympanic membrane perforations in this population.
Critical Update of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome Criteria

Diagnosis of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is made when vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity occur in patients with circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (lupus anticoagulant (LA) and/or IgG/IgM anticardiolipin (aCL) and/or IgG/IgM anti-￻ 2glycoprotein I (a￻ 2GPI) antibodies). Although each test may identify different autoantibod- ies, a single positive test makes the diagnosis possible when positive on two or more occasions at least 12 weeks apart. However, single test positivity may be unrelated to pathogenic antibodies that are now considered a subclass of a￻ 2GPI directed to Domain I of the protein. Conversely, all the test positive identify a single class of a￻ 2GPI antibodies and iden- tify high risk patients with APS.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SEC14 gene encodes a cytosolic factor that is required for transport of secretory proteins from the yeast Golgi complex

We have obtained and characterized a genomic clone of SEC14, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene whose product is required for export of yeast secretory proteins from the Golgi complex. Gene disruption experiments indicated that SEC14 is an essential gene for yeast vegetative growth. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of an intron within the SEC14 structural gene, and predicted the synthesis of a hydrophilic polypeptide of 35 kD in molecular mass. In confirmation, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated SEC14p to be an unglycosylated polypeptide, with an apparent molecular mass of some 37 kD, that behaved predominantly as a cytosolic protein in subcellular fractionation experiments. These data were consistent with the notion that SEC14p is a cytosolic factor that promotes protein export from yeast Golgi. Additional radiolabeling experiments also revealed the presence of SEC14p-related polypeptides in extracts prepared from the yeasts Kluyveromyces lactis and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Furthermore, the K. lactis SEC14p was able to functionally complement S. cerevisiae sec14ts defects. These data suggested a degree of conservation of SEC14p structure and function in these yeasts species.
ffect of distillers grains moisture and inclusion level in livestock diets on greenhouse gas emissions in the corn-ethanol-livestock life cycle 1

A model was previously developed (Biofuel Energy Systems Simulator; www. bess.unl.edu) to predict greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and net energy yield when ethanol is produced from corn. The model also predicts feedlot cattle, dairy cattle, and swine performance and feed replacement value of ethanol coproducts. Updated equations that predict performance of feedlot cattle fed 0 to 40% of dietary DM as corn wet (WDGS), modified (MDGS), or dry (DDGS) distillers grains plus solubles replacing dry-rolled and high-moisture corn were developed and incorporated into the model. Equations were derived from pen-level performance for 20 finishing studies evaluating WDGS, 4 evaluating MDGS, and 4 evaluating DDGS conducted at the University of Nebraska. Feeding value of WDGS was 145 to 131% of corn replaced when included at 20 to 40% of diet DM due to a quadratic (P < 0.01) increase in G:F. The feeding value of MDGS was 124 to 117% with a quadratic (P < 0.01) increase in G:F and 112 to 110% for DDGS with a linear (P < 0.01) increase in G:F. Midwest corn-ethanol-livestock life cycle GHG reduction relative to gasoline (97.7 g CO2 equivalent/MJ of ethanol) was 61 to 57% when WDGS was fed to feedlot cattle for 20 to 40% diet inclusion. Feeding MDGS and DDGS to feedlot cattle reduced GHG emissions from the corn-ethanol-cattle system by 53 to 50% and 46 to 41%, respectively. Feeding WDGS to feedlot cattle was the optimum feed use of distillers grains plus solubles based on feeding performance and GHG reduction.
Medical evaluations in cases of suspected child sexual abuse: referrals and perceptions.

AIMS To explore referrals to medical evaluations and children's and primary carers' experiences of those evaluations in Auckland. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with children and young people who had made clear disclosures of sexual abuse, their primary carers and the social workers involved. RESULTS More than 90% of children alleging penetration or attempted penetration were referred for a medical evaluation, but less than two thirds of children alleging oral genital or digital contact abuse were referred. Although the majority perceived the medical practitioners positively, many also commented on the distressing nature of the examinations, the photographs of children's genitalia and lack of preparation for those examinations. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the need for improved preparation of children and their primary carers for medical evaluations. Ongoing discussion between referring agents and medical practitioners is desirable to ensure protocols are updated and adhered to.
Metaphor Use in Three UK University Lectures

It has been claimed in recent years that, on the one hand, metaphor occurs in UK university lectures in ways that are likely to confuse ESL learners (Littlemore 2001, 2003) and on the other hand that US lecturers use it in highly structured ways, particularly involving linked clusters, to help organize the lecture and indicate the opinions of the speaker (Corts and Pollio 1999; Corts and Meyers 2002). Both sets of claims are potentially useful to teachers of English for Academic Purposes (EAP). However, they both derive from studies with fairly narrow foci. There have to date been few studies examining at a more general level where metaphor occurs and how it is used in lectures. The present paper reports part of a small-scale study to develop a viable methodology for analysing metaphor use generally in lectures. It examines the incidence and use of metaphor in three UK university lectures in the BASE corpus, using a version of the MIP procedure developed by the Pragglejaz Group (2007). The main findings are that metaphor is used repeatedly throughout all three lectures, but that there are few elaborated or developed metaphors; those there are tend to be short, unconnected with later metaphors and used primarily to solve local, rather than global purposes. The implications for EAP teaching are discussed.
The effects of isolated single umbilical artery on first and second trimester aneuploidy screening test parameters

Abstract Objective: Reliability of first and second trimester screening tests largely depends on accurate estimation of maternal serum marker values. Reduced reliability could lead redundant invasive tests or misdiagnosis. Adjustments of serum marker values for confounding factors like insulin-dependent diabetes, maternal weight or maternal rhesus status are essential. We aimed to investigate whether isolated single umbilical artery alters first and second trimester test parameters or not. Methods: Routine detailed obstetric ultrasonographies performed were retrospectively screened for this study. Among spontaneously conceived singleton pregnancies, women who were found to have single umbilical artery without any additional structural anomalies or aneuploidies were selected. First and second trimester screening test results were accessible for 98 and 102 of the cases with isolated single umbilical artery, respectively. Results: Among first trimester screening test parameters, PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) MoMs were found significantly higher in isolated single umbilical artery group. AFP MoMs were found significantly elevated in isolated single umbilical artery group in second trimester quadruple tests. Conclusion: Existence of single umbilical artery could alter the estimation of MoM values of maternal serum markers. Reliability of prenatal screening tests could be improved by adjusting these parameters in accordance with isolated single umbilical artery.
Compensation for environmental asbestos-related diseases in South Africa: a neglected issue

Background : Environmentally acquired asbestos-related diseases (ARDs) are of concern globally. In South Africa, there is widespread contamination of the environment due to historical asbestos mining operations that were poorly regulated. Although the law makes provision for the compensation of occupationally acquired ARDs, compensation for environmentally acquired ARDs is only available through the Asbestos Relief Trust (ART) and Kgalagadi Relief Trust, both of which are administered by the ART. This study assessed ARDs and compensation outcomes of environmental claims submitted to the Trusts. Methods : The personal details, medical diagnoses, and exposure information of all environmental claims considered by the Trusts from their inception in 2003 to April 2010 were used to calculate the numbers and proportions of ARDs and compensation awards. Results : There were 146 environmental claimants of whom 35 (23.9%) had fibrotic pleural disease, 1 (0.7%) had lung cancer, and 77 (52.7%) had malignant mesothelioma. 53 (36.3%) claimants were compensated: 20 with fibrotic pleural disease and 33 with mesothelioma. Of the 93 (63.7%) claimants who were not compensated, 33 had no ARDs, 18 had fibrotic pleural disease, 1 had lung cancer, and 44 had mesothelioma. In addition to having ARDs, those that were compensated had qualifying domestic (33; 62.2%) or neighbourhood (20; 37.8%) exposures to asbestos. Most of the claimants who were not compensated had ARDs but their exposures did not meet the Trusts’ exposure criteria. Conclusions : This study demonstrates the environmental impact of asbestos mining on the burden of ARDs. Mesothelioma was the most common disease diagnosed, but most cases were not compensated. This highlights that there is little redress for individuals with environmentally acquired ARDs in South Africa. To stop this ARD epidemic, there is a need for the rehabilitation of abandoned asbestos mines and the environment. These issues may not be unique to South Africa as many countries continue to mine and use asbestos.
Contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

PURPOSE To estimate the risk of contralateral breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers after diagnosis and to determine which factors are predictive of the risk of a second primary breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients included 491 women with stage I or stage II breast cancer, for whom a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation had been identified in the family. Patients were followed from the initial diagnosis of cancer until contralateral mastectomy, contralateral breast cancer, death, or last follow-up. RESULTS The actuarial risk of contralateral breast cancer was 29.5% at 10 years. Factors that were predictive of a reduced risk were the presence of a BRCA2 mutation (v BRCA1 mutation; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.15); age 50 years or older at first diagnosis (v <or= 49 years; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.10); use of tamoxifen (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.01); and history of oophorectomy (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.91). The effect of oophorectomy was particularly strong in women first diagnosed prior to age 49 years (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77). For women who did not have an oophorectomy or take tamoxifen, the 10-year risk of contralateral cancer was 43.4% for BRCA1 carriers and 34.6% for BRCA2 carriers. CONCLUSION The risk of contralateral breast cancer in women with a BRCA mutation is approximately 40% at 10 years, and is reduced in women who take tamoxifen or who undergo an oophorectomy.
Comparative proteomes of Corynebacterium glutamicum grown on aromatic compounds revealed novel proteins involved in aromatic degradation and a clear link between aromatic catabolism and gluconeogenesis via fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase

The current study examined the aromatic degradation and central metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum by proteomic and molecular methods. Comparative analysis of proteomes from cells grown on gentisate and on glucose revealed that 30% of the proteins of which their abundance changed were involved in aromatic degradation and central carbon metabolism. Similar results were obtained from cells grown on benzoate, 4‐cresol, phenol, and resorcinol. Results from these experiments revealed that (i) enzymes involved in degradation of benzoate, 4‐cresol, gentisate, phenol, and resorcinol were specifically synthesized and (ii) that the abundance of enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycles were significantly changed on various aromatic compounds. Significantly, three novel proteins, NCgl0524, NCgl0525, and NCgl0527, were identified on 4‐cresol. The genes encoding NCgl0525 and NCgl0527 were confirmed to be necessary for assimilation of 4‐cresol with C. glutamicum. The abundance of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (Fbp) was universally increased on all the tested aromatic compounds. This Fbp gene was disrupted and the mutant WTΔfbp lost the ability to grow on aromatic compounds. Genetic complementation by the Fbp gene restored this ability. We concluded that gluconeogenesis is a necessary process for C. glutamicum growing on various aromatic compounds.
Regulating Private Infrastructure Investment: Optimal Pricing for Access to Essential Facilities

This paper analyzes optimal pricing for access to essential facilities in a competitive environment. The focus is on investment incentive issues arising from regulation under complete information. To that end, examining the provision of a natural monopoly infrastructure with unlimited capacity, it is shown that the fixed component of a regulated access price can be structured so as to induce a “race” between market participants to provide the infrastructure. An appropriate pricing formula can ensure that a single firm chooses to invest at the socially optimal time (taking into account producer and consumer surplus) despite the immediate access granted to rivals and the non-existence of government subsidies. Under the optimal pricing formula, firms choose their investment timing based on their desire to pre-empt their rivals. This pricing formula is efficient (a two part tariff), implementable ex post, and robust to alternative methods of asset valuation (replacement or historical cost). When firms are not identical, the access pricing formula resembles, in equilibrium, a fully distributed cost methodology.
Genomic determinants of coral heat tolerance across latitudes

Some like it hot Coral reefs are threatened by increasing temperatures. Acute temperature increases stress and damage corals. However, more gradual temperature changes can result in adaptation and subsequent tolerance for higher temperatures. Dixon et al. show that the heat tolerance that currently exists across coral populations from different latitudes can be inherited. Thus, natural variation in temperature tolerance may facilitate rapid adaptation among corals as our climate warms. Science, this issue p. 1460 In a warming world, existing variation in heat tolerance could help corals beat the heat. As global warming continues, reef-building corals could avoid local population declines through “genetic rescue” involving exchange of heat-tolerant genotypes across latitudes, but only if latitudinal variation in thermal tolerance is heritable. Here, we show an up–to–10-fold increase in odds of survival of coral larvae under heat stress when their parents come from a warmer lower-latitude location. Elevated thermal tolerance was associated with heritable differences in expression of oxidative, extracellular, transport, and mitochondrial functions that indicated a lack of prior stress. Moreover, two genomic regions strongly responded to selection for thermal tolerance in interlatitudinal crosses. These results demonstrate that variation in coral thermal tolerance across latitudes has a strong genetic basis and could serve as raw material for natural selection.
Prevention of shoulder subluxation after stroke with electrical stimulation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subluxation is a significant problem in poststroke hemiplegia, resulting in pain and loss of function. Current treatments are not proved and not considered effective. It has been demonstrated that cyclical electrical stimulation of the shoulder muscles can reduce existing subluxation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrical stimulation could prevent subluxation in both the short and long terms. METHODS A prospective, randomized controlled study was used to determine the efficacy of electrical stimulation in preventing shoulder subluxation in patients after cerebrovascular accidents. Forty patients were selected and randomly assigned to a control or treatment group. They had their first assessment within 48 hours of their stroke, and those in the treatment group were immediately put on a regimen of electrical stimulation for 4 weeks. All patients were assessed at 4 weeks after stroke and then again at 12 weeks after stroke. Assessments were made of shoulder subluxation, pain, and motor control. RESULTS The treatment group had significantly less subluxation and pain after the treatment period, but at the end of the follow-up period there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Electrical stimulation can prevent shoulder subluxation, but this effect was not maintained after the withdrawal of treatment.
Preventing Sexual Assault Through Engaging College Men

Sexual assault occurs at alarming rates on college campuses, with men committing 99% of these crimes toward women and in some instances toward other men (Rennison, 2002). The number of women who report surviving a completed or attempted sexual assault while in college has hovered around 25% since Mary Koss completed the first well-documented study of college acquaintance assault in 1985 (Fisher, Cullen, & Turner, 2000; Warshaw, 1994). Historically sexual assault prevention has been seen as a “women’s issue,” and programmatic initiatives have focused on teaching women how to “protect” themselves, and largely neglected to engage men as allies in ending sexual violence against women. Prevention consisted of teaching women how to avoid potential perpetrators and by using tactics to escape dangerous situations, measures that are generally ineffective in addressing acquaintance rape, the most common form of sexual assault (Schewe & O’Donohue, 1993). Recently some campus prevention programs have engaged men as allies in addressing sexual violence, recognizing that most men do not perpetuate sexual violence, and given the right skills will intervene in potential sexual assault situations. Although few people intend to cause harm, not acknowledging and addressing the environments that allow sexual violence to occur contributes to the problem of sexual violence. When students do not understand the complex connection between sexual violence and sexism, a rape-prone culture is perpetuated in unintentional ways, including inappropriate behaviors, traditions, and rituals that maintain some men’s power over women (Davis & Liddell, 2002). Sexual assault is “a learned behavior acquired through routine social and environmental interaction . and an extreme form of the traditionally socialized ways that men and women act in the context of sexual relations” (Davis & Liddell, 2002, p. 36). Researchers have found positive correlations between rape-supportive attitudes and behaviors including sexual aggression, history of sexual aggression, and likelihood of future sexual aggression (Lonsway & Fitzgerald, 1994; Truman, Toaker, & Fischer, 1996). Additionally, belief in traditional gender roles positively correlates with greater acceptance of rape myths, making obvious the link between traditional gender roles and sexual assault (Davis & Liddell, 2002; Truman et al., 1996).