Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Retrograde Tracing of Nerve Fibers to the Rat Middle Cerebral Artery with True Blue: Colocalization with Different Peptides

The origin of nerve fibers to the rat middle cerebral artery was studied by retrograde tracing with the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) in combination with immunocytochemistry to known perivascular peptides. Application of TB to the middle cerebral artery labeled nerve cell bodies in the ipsilateral superior cervical gan­ glion, the otic ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the trigeminal ganglion, and the cervical dorsal root ganglion at level C2. A few labeled nerve cell bodies were seen in contralateral ganglia. Judging from the number and inten­ sity of the labeling, the superior cervical ganglion and the trigeminal ganglion and dorsal root ganglion at level C2 contributed most to the innervation. A moderate number of nerve cell bodies were labeled in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. The TB-labeled nerve cell bodies were further examined for the presence of neuropeptides. For The cerebral circulation is supplied with at least three types of perivascular nerve fibers (Edvinsson et aI., 1987b). A rich plexus of sympathetic fibers store noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y (NPY). A system of parasympathetic fibers which contain acetylcholinesterase, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI) and, finally, a system of sensory afferent fibers con­ tain peptides such as substance P (SP), neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (cf. Uddman, 1987). The origin of these systems have 212 that purpose antibodies raised against neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), sub­ stance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were used. A considerable portion of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion con­ tained NPY. About half of the labeled nerve cell bodies in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia contained VIP. In the trigeminal ganglion and in the dorsal root ganglion at level C2, one-third of the TB-labeled nerve cell bodies were CGRP-immunoreactive, while only few nerve cell bodies contained SP. The study provides direct evidence for the origin of cerebrovascular peptidergic nerve fibers and demonstrates that not only ipsilateral but also contralat­ eral ganglia contribute to the innervation of the cerebral circulation. Key Words: Retrograde tracing-True Blue­ Immunocytochemistry-Middle cerebral artery. not yet been fully elucidated. Recently, a retrograde axonal tracer True Blue (TB) has become available. This tracer allows the simultaneous demonstration of the cellular localization of the tracer and the im­ munocytochemical localization of different anti­ genic compounds. In the present study, we have utilized this approach to give a comprehensive and detailed description …
SAND 2001-8609 Unlimited Release Printed October 2001 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NI FROM A SULFAMATE ELECTROLYTE Part I . Effect of a Stress Relief on Annealing Behavior and Film Metallurgy

Ni and Ni alloys are being developed as baseline materials for LIGA technology and prototyping at Sandia National Laboratories. A conventional, additive-free sulfamate electrolyte has been chosen for pure Ni electrodeposition due to its simplicity and ability to produce ductile, low-stress films. When depositing certain Ni alloys, saccharin is typically employed as an electrolyte bath additive. While saccharin is well known and effective as a stress reliever, it has a significant impact on the microstructure of the deposit and its annealing behavior. The electrodeposition of pure Ni in the presence of saccharin is studied here to understand its effects in the absence of an alloying element (such as Co or Fe). The grain structure and Vickers hardness of Ni deposited with and without saccharin on a rotating disk electrode were all found to be consistent with previous studies available in the literature. The following observations were made: 1) The fine, columnar morphology obtained without saccharin became an equiaxed, nanosized grain structure with saccharin (from ~1.5 m to ~40 nm nominal grain size, respectively). The grain refinement resulting from saccharin is not accompanied with an increase in film stress, in contrast to the grain refinement associated with certain Ni alloys. 2) A change in the deposit texture from weak (210) to (111) along the film growth direction with the addition of saccharin. 3) An increase in Vickers hardness by a factor of ~2 (from ~170 to ~320) upon the addition of saccharin. 4) A rapid decrease in hardness with annealing from the high, as-deposited values for films deposited with saccharin to a value lower than that of annealed Ni from an additive-free bath. 5) Accelerated grain growth during annealing for films deposited with saccharin; this has not been observed previously in the literature to the authors’ best knowledge.
Imaging of acute appendicitis and its impact on negative appendectomy and perforation rates: the St. Paul's experience.

PURPOSE Preoperative imaging of acute appendicitis is widely practised. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of preoperative imaging of acute appendicitis in our institution and its effect on the negative appendectomy rate and perforation rates. METHODS We undertook a retrospective review of all patients who underwent appendectomy from January 2000 to December 2004. All available preoperative ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and pathology results were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 380 appendectomies were performed over this time period for the preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Fifty-nine patients had histologically normal appendices, giving an overall negative appendectomy rate of 15.5%. Overall, patients who had preoperative imaging showed a lower negative appendectomy rate (11.4%) than did those without imaging (22.2%). Without preoperative imaging, women had a higher negative appendectomy rate (34.3%) than did men (17.4%). Reduction in the negative appendectomy rate was demonstrated with preoperative imaging in both sexes (16.7% and 5.7%, respectively). Also demonstrated is a definite trend toward increased use of preoperative CT and away from US as the sole preoperative imaging modality. This is associated with a reduced negative appendectomy rate. CONCLUSIONS The increased use of preoperative imaging, particularly CT, is associated with a decreased negative appendectomy rate and a decreased perforation rate at our institution.
Calcium Regulates the Association between Mitochondria and a Smooth Subdomain of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Association between the ER and mitochondria has long been observed, and the formation of close contacts between ER and mitochondria is necessary for the ER-mediated sequestration of cytosolic calcium by mitochondria. Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMF-R) is a marker for a smooth subdomain of the ER, shown here by confocal microscopy to be distinct from, yet closely associated with the calnexin- or calreticulin-labeled ER. By EM, smooth ER AMF-R tubules exhibit direct interactions with mitochondria, identifying them as a mitochondria-associated smooth ER subdomain. In digitonin-permeabilized MDCK cells, the addition of rat liver cytosol stimulates the dissociation of smooth ER and mitochondria under conditions of low calcium. Using BAPTA chelators of various affinities and CaEGTA buffers of defined free Ca2+ concentrations and quantitative confocal microscopy, we show that free calcium concentrations <100 nM favor dissociation, whereas those >1 μM favor close association between these two organelles. Therefore, we describe a cellular mechanism that facilitates the close association of this smooth ER subdomain and mitochondria when cytosolic free calcium rises above physiological levels.
Intergenerational neural mediators of early-life anxious temperament

Significance According to the World Health Organization, anxiety and depressive disorders are a leading source of disability, affecting hundreds of millions of people. Children can inherit an extremely anxious temperament, which is a prominent risk factor for the later development of anxiety, depression, and comorbid substance abuse. This study uses high-resolution functional and structural imaging in our well-established developmental nonhuman primate model to identify the heritable neural substrate that underlies extreme childhood anxious temperament. Using a large multigenerational family pedigree, genetic correlation analyses revealed a tripartite neural circuit where metabolism likely shares a genetic substrate with early-life dispositional anxiety. Interestingly, we found that brain function—not structure—is the critical intermediary between genetics and the childhood risk to develop stress-related psychopathology. Understanding the heritability of neural systems linked to psychopathology is not sufficient to implicate them as intergenerational neural mediators. By closely examining how individual differences in neural phenotypes and psychopathology cosegregate as they fall through the family tree, we can identify the brain systems that underlie the parent-to-child transmission of psychopathology. Although research has identified genes and neural circuits that contribute to the risk of developing anxiety and depression, the specific neural systems that mediate the inborn risk for these debilitating disorders remain unknown. In a sample of 592 young rhesus monkeys that are part of an extended multigenerational pedigree, we demonstrate that metabolism within a tripartite prefrontal-limbic-midbrain circuit mediates some of the inborn risk for developing anxiety and depression. Importantly, although brain volume is highly heritable early in life, it is brain metabolism—not brain structure—that is the critical intermediary between genetics and the childhood risk to develop stress-related psychopathology.
Total Variation Regularization of Hyperspectral Images

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a branch of image processing that deals with hyperspectral images, which are composed of a large number of channels covering the visible and near-infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is used in a lot of different fields and its use has greatly increased in the past few years. Image noise is a real concern in HSI, due to the way those kind of images are acquired. The aim of this project is to apply TV regularization for the denoising of hyperspectral images using Collaborative Total Variation (CTV), a new type of regularization which allows us to combine several norms to obtain different properties and behaviours from the denoising algorithm. A dual gradient projection algorithm is used to implement said variational method and the different norms are tested using a dataset of hyperspectral images. After testing, the conclusion reached is that the regularizer obtained by using the norm `2,1,1(col, der, pix) is the one which provides us with the best results. Results obtained open the door for possible further research in CTV applied to HSI for other processes like inpainting or unmixing.
Accelerating Join Operation for Relational Databases with FPGAs

In this paper, we investigate the use of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to accelerate relational joins. Relational join is one of the most CPU-intensive, yet commonly used, database operations. Hashing can be used to reduce the time complexity from quadratic (naïve) to linear time. However, doing so can introduce false positives to the results which must be resolved. We present a hash-join engine on FPGA that performs hashing, conflict resolution, and joining on a PCIe-attached system, achieving greater than 11x speedup over software.
Enabling User Preferences Through Data Exchange

This paper describes the application of data exchange, for integrating user and air traffic management (ATM) systems, to enable user preferences for en-route flights. User preferences may be defined in terms of a fourdimensional (4D) user-preferred trajectory, or a series of profile constraints (e.g., speed, routing, time), depending on user capability. Deviations from the user’s preference are often required to meet ATM-system constraints related to capacity, weather, and conflicting preferences of other flights. Progress in reducing these deviations is considered progress toward free flight. This paper describes a process, via user-ATM data exchange, for enabling user preferences in an ATM-based system. An emphasis is placed on determining the minimum deviations necessary to ensure a safe and efficient flow of traffic. Several key system-integration issues are identified and explored in terms of their impact on the data to be exchanged and the roles of the user and ATM systems. Three categories of key data are proposed for exchange, including: user preferences, for one flight or a group of flights; calibration data, to improve trajectory predictions (airborne and ground-based); and ATMsystem state data, to improve the basis for user decision making and preference selection. The paper concludes with a brief description of two experimental evaluations designed to explore data-exchange applications involving current and future systems for flight management and data link.
Estimación de saturaciones in-situ durante experimentos de inyección de fluidos usando tomografía computarizada de rayos X

espanolLa adquisicion de imagenes de tomografia axial computarizada de rayos-X (TAC) durante los experimentos de inyeccion de fluidos, permite monitorear el movimiento de los fluidos dentro del medio poroso y realizar analisis cuantitativos y semicuantitativos, que sirven para una mejor interpretacion de los fenomenos que se estudian en laboratorio. Este trabajo presenta el procedimiento a seguir y los equipos y consideraciones necesarias para la correcta adquisicion e interpretacion de estas imagenes durante las diferentes pruebas de laboratorio. Posteriormente, se presenta el desarrollo de un experimento de inyeccion de fluidos y se analiza la exactitud de los resultados obtenidos por medio de la interpretacion de las imagenes y sus posibles aplicaciones. Los resultados muestran una buena concordancia entre las saturaciones estimadas por medio de la TAC y las obtenidas por medio del balance de materia. EnglishX-rays computed tomography (CT) imaging during coreflooding experiments, allows monitoring fluid flow in porous media and quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis, which contribute to a better understanding of the phenomena being studied in the laboratory. This paper presents the necessary procedure, equipment and considerations for the correct acquisition and interpretation of these images during different laboratory tests. Subsequently it presents the development of a coreflooding experiment and the analysis of accuracy of the results obtained by the images interpretation and its possible applications. Results show a good agreement between CT saturations and material balance saturations.
Changes in Style in Authors with Alzheimer's Disease

Even in its very early stages, Alzheimer's disease leads to changes in language that can be detected by computational analysis. These changes may include a reduced, vaguer, and more abstract vocabulary, and reduced syntactic complexity. But do these changes affect an author's essential style? We experiment with a number of standard features for authorship attribution and authorship verification to see whether they recognize late works written by authors known to have had Alzheimer's disease as being by the same author as their earlier works. The authors whom we study are Iris Murdoch and Agatha Christie. Our control author (without Alzheimer's) is P. D. James. Our results were equivocal, as different frameworks yielded contrary results, but an SVM classifier was able to make age discriminations, or nearly so, for all three authors, thereby casting doubt on the underlying axiom that an author's essential style is invariant in the absence of cognitive decline.
Anti-condensation control systems and methods

Electronic control systems and methods for adjusting power to one or more heaters to prevent condensation from forming on one or more door windows of one or more refrigeration units are provided. The control systems can adjust the amount of heat applied to the one or more door windows based on the ambient temperature outside the one or more refrigeration units, the ambient humidity outside the one or more refrigeration units, a target refrigeration temperature for the one or more refrigeration units, temperature of the one or more door windows, and/or a property of the one or more heaters, such as the maximum heating capacity of the one or more heaters.
Retinal degeneration increases susceptibility to myopia in mice

Purpose Retinal diseases are often associated with refractive errors, suggesting the importance of normal retinal signaling during emmetropization. For instance, retinitis pigmentosa, a disease characterized by severe photoreceptor degeneration, is associated with myopia; however, the underlying link between these conditions is not known. This study examines the influence of photoreceptor degeneration on refractive development by testing two mouse models of retinitis pigmentosa under normal and form deprivation visual conditions. Dopamine, a potential stop signal for refractive eye growth, was assessed as a potential underlying mechanism. Methods Refractive eye growth in mice that were homozygous for a mutation in Pde6b, Pde6brd1/rd1 (rd1), or Pde6brd10/rd10 (rd10) was measured weekly from 4 to 12 weeks of age and compared to age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Refractive error was measured using an eccentric infrared photorefractor, and axial length was measured with partial coherence interferometry or spectral domain ocular coherence tomography. A cohort of mice received head-mounted diffuser goggles to induce form deprivation from 4 to 6 weeks of age. Dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in each strain after exposure to normal or form deprivation conditions. Results The rd1 and rd10 mice had significantly greater hyperopia relative to the WT controls throughout normal development; however, axial length became significantly longer only in WT mice starting at 7 weeks of age. After 2 weeks of form deprivation, the rd1 and rd10 mice demonstrated a faster and larger myopic shift (−6.14±0.62 and −7.38±1.46 diopter, respectively) compared to the WT mice (−2.41±0.47 diopter). Under normal visual conditions, the DOPAC levels and DOPAC/dopamine ratios, a measure of dopamine turnover, were significantly lower in the rd1 and rd10 mice compared to the WT mice, while the dopamine levels were similar or higher than WT in the rd10 mice. Lower basal levels of DOPAC were highly correlated with increasing myopic shifts. Conclusions Refractive development under normal visual conditions was disrupted toward greater hyperopia from 4 to 12 weeks of age in these photoreceptor degeneration models, despite significantly lower DOPAC levels. However, the retinal degeneration models with low basal levels of DOPAC had increased susceptibility to form deprivation myopia. These results indicate that photoreceptor degeneration may alter dopamine metabolism, leading to increased susceptibility to myopia with an environmental visual challenge.
Antioxidant Enzymes and Crude Mitochondria ATPases in the Radicle of Germinating Bean (Vigna unguiculata) Exposed to Different Concentrations of Crude Oil

The study examined the effect of Bonny Light whole crude oil (WC) and its water soluble fraction (WSF) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and crude mitochondria ATPases in the radicle of germinating bean (Vigna unguiculata). The percentage germination, level of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme and mitochondria Ca and Mg ATPase activities were measured in the radicle of bean after 7, 14 and 21 days post germination. Viable bean seeds were planted in soils contaminated with 10ml, 25ml and 50ml of whole crude oil (WC) and its water soluble fraction (WSF) to obtain 2, 5 and 10% v/w crude oil contamination. There was dose dependent reduction of the number of bean seeds that germinated in the contaminated soils compared with control (p<0.001). The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, as well as, adenosine triphosphatase enzymes, were also significantly (p<0.001) altered in the radicle of the plants grown in contaminated soil compared with the control. Generally, the level of lipid peroxidation was highest after 21 days post germination when compared with control. Stress to germinating bean caused by Bonny Light crude oil or its water soluble fraction resulted in adaptive changes in crude mitochondria ATPases in the radicle. Keywords—Antioxidant enzymes, Bonny Light crude oil, Radicle, Mitochondria ATPases.
Alternate Reality Games: Platforms for Collaborative Learning

: We review the first iteration of an Alternate Reality Game (ARG) designed to engage middle school students in the interpretive process behind history and the mathematical roots of cryptography and cartography. Building from the core characteristic of ARGs as collaborative sense-making systems, we sought to integrate elements of effective cooperative learning environments, such as positive interdependence, into our game design. We detail how cooperative learning constructs were designed into the narrative and game mechanics, and how evidence of these features emerged during play. We found that the jigsaw puzzle design of game challenges supported collaboration between groups; daily, whole-class discussions strengthened group processing; and real-time, chat-based dialogue among students themselves and students with an in-game character enhanced promotive interaction (e.g., providing positive reinforcement). However, we did note weaknesses in positive interdependence within groups. We conclude with design implications for future iterations of the ARG.
Design of fall detection system with floor pressure and infrared image

Due to the advancement of technology and medicine, people begin to pay more attention to the quality improvement of health care. Many researches show that the fall accident occupies 60% of all accidents in a home. The fall accident may cause the condition of an elder deteriorated or producing complications. As a result, it increases the burden of a family and seriously wastes medical resources from the society. Thus, preventing the fall accident and detect it immediately is one of the important topics regarding the quality improvement of health care.
A consensus-based fusion algorithm in shape-based image retrieval

Shape-based image retrieval techniques are among the most successful content-based image retrieval (CBIR) approaches. In recent years, the number of shape-based image retrieval techniques has dramatically increased; however, each technique has both advantages and shortcomings. This paper proposes a consensus-based fusion algorithm to integrate several shape-based image retrieval techniques so as to enhance the performance of the image retrieval process. In this algorithm, several techniques work as a team: they exchange their ranking information based on pair-wise co-ranking to reach a consensus that will improve their final ranking decisions. Although the proposed algorithm handles any number of CBIR techniques, only three common techniques are used to demonstrate its effectiveness. Several experiments were conducted on the widely used MPEG-7 database. The results indicate that the proposed fusion algorithm significantly improves the retrieval process.