Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron Microbeam Radiotherapy for the treatment of lung carcinoma: a pre-clinical study for the treatment of lung carcinoma: a

Purpose - In the last three decades, Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Therapy (S-MRT) has been shown to achieve both good tumour control and normal tissue sparing in a range of pre-clinical animal models. However, the use of S-MRT for the treatment of lung tumours has not yet been investigated. This study is the first to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of S-MRT for the treatment of lung carcinoma, using a new syngeneic and orthotopic mouse model. Methods and materials - Lewis Lung carcinoma-bearing mice were irradiated with two cross-fired arrays of S-MRT or Synchrotron Broad-Beam (S-BB) radiotherapy. S-MRT consisted of 17 microbeams with a width of 50 µm and centre-to-centre spacing of 400 µm. Each microbeam delivered a peak entrance dose of 400 Gy while S-BB delivered a homogeneous entrance dose of 5.16 Gy (corresponding to the S-MRT valley dose). Results - Both treatments prolonged the survival of mice relative to the untreated controls (CTR). However, mice in the S-MRT group developed severe pulmonary oedema around the irradiated carcinomas and did not have improved survival relative to the S-BB group. Subsequent post-mortem examination of tumour size revealed that the mice in the S-MRT group had notably smaller tumour volume compared to the S-BB group, despite the presence of oedema. Mice that were sham-implanted did not display any decline in health following S-MRT, experiencing only mild and transient oedema between 4 days and 3 months post-irradiation which disappeared after 4 months. Finally, a parallel study investigating the lungs of healthy mice showed the complete absence of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis 6 months after S-MRT. Conclusions - S-MRT is a promising tool for the treatment of lung carcinoma, reducing tumour size compared to mice treated with S-BB and sparing healthy lungs from pulmonary fibrosis. Future experiments should focus on optimising S-MRT parameters to minimise pulmonary oedema and maximise the therapeutic ratio. (unpublished) data from our group indicates that S-MRT causes only low-grade lung fibrosis in rats up to 12 months after irradiation. Given its superior tumour control and observed sparing of the normal lung, S-MRT could be a novel alternative for treating lung tumours, including central and ultra-central malignancies and cases where complete tumour resection is not possible. we show, for the first time, the successful application of S-MRT in a new pre-clinical mouse model of lung carcinoma. Tumour-bearing lungs were irradiated with either two cross-fired arrays of S-MRT Synchrotron-Broad control no treatment. In S-MRT-induced changes in CT months at same
Numerical Model for Local Scour under Offshore Pipelines

A numerical model, based on potential-flow theory is proposed for simulating the equilibrium scour hole formed by unidirectional flow underneath offshore pipelines. The model employs a finite-difference method to solve the Laplace equation in terms of velocity potential in a curvilinear coordinate system. A boundary adjustment technique based on the Newton-Raphson method is used to calculate the free boundary formed by the eroded seabed by means of the equilibrium of all forces acting on a sediment particle on a sloping bed. Because the solution of flow field and adjustment of the seabed topography are carried out in an iterative manner, the model takes into account the interactions between the flow, pipe, and the seabed. The comparison of the present model with empirical formulas on the prediction of the maximum scour depth indicates that the present model is useful for approximate estimation of scour depth at a pipeline on the seabed for the case of clear-water scour.
for Unexpected Obstruction of a Parker Flex-Tip™ Tracheal Tube in a Patient with Subglottic Stenosis

ow naded rom http:urnals.lw w om /anestia-analgesia by hD M fePH bH 4TIm qVAH xkFJpPk1L/H vM G w qM xG jw O deJPG +b4D lKuA44qu/vw zm c= on 070/2018 Downloadedfromhttp://journals.lww. com/anesthesia-analgesiabyBhDMf5ePHKbH4TTImqenVAHxkFJp/XpPk1L/H3vMGwqMxG9jwOd8eJPG+b4DlKuAX44qu/vwzmc=on07/30/2018 of its relatively weak analgesic efficacy and high incidence adverse side effects), we would seriously question the clinical importance of this potential drug interaction following a single prophylactic dose of either ondansetron or droperidol. We would agree with Drusteler et al. that dexamethasone would be a very logical choice for antiemetic prophylaxis if tramadol is used for acute pain management in the postoperative period. Furthermore, these authors are correct in arguing that, before widespread adoption of our simplified recommendation regarding antiemetic prophylaxis, this practice would ideally be subjected to a large scale, prospective clinical trial. Finally, postoperative nausea and vomiting remains a significant problem for many patients receiving general anesthesia, and is apparently a major concern of many patients scheduled to undergo elective surgical procedures. A multimodal approach involving a combination of prophylactic antiemetic drugs, adequate hydration and the use of non-opioid analgesic techniques for pain management, remains the best overall solution for minimizing this common side effect in the postoperative period.
Secondary metabolites have more inﬂuence than morphophysiological traits on litter decomposability across genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana

and leaf metabolites among a set of genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under controlled conditions. We also investigated correlations between decomposability and environmental variables at genotypes collection site. We investigated the genetic architecture of decomposability with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). (cid:1) There was large genetic variability in decomposability that was correlated with precipitation. Morphophysiological traits had a minor effect, while secondary metabolites, especially glucosinolates, were correlated with decomposability. Consistently, GWAS suggested that genes and metabolites related to the composition of cell membranes and envelopes control the variation of decomposability across genotypes. (cid:1) Our study suggests that decomposability varies within species as a result of metabolic adaptation to climate. Our ﬁndings highlight that subtle variations of defence-related metabolites like glucosinolates may strongly inﬂuence after-life processes such as decomposability.
Assessing Optimal CO2 Abatement Policies for the Kyoto Protocol: A Genetic Algorithms Approach

In 1997, the third Conference of the Parties (COP3) to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change was held. Commitments were set for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in developed countries. Several models have been developed in order to analyze CO2 abatement policies. These models should be categorized as global models considering the wide scale of global warming. Some of those models, however, analyze the policies on a one-country basis and models of global content divide the world into certain regions. It is meaningless to implement the same policies to a region. A multi-country model is preferable to such models. Thus, we have constructed a macroeconometric model linked with an energy model to assess CO2 abatement policies applying genetic algorithms to quantify the optimal policy in favor of the Kyoto Protocol. In this paper, the case of Japan is presented with the intent to analyze optimal policy in a multi-country context.
A Unified Framework for Biometric Expert Fusion Incorporating Quality Measures

This paper proposes a unified framework for quality-based fusion of multimodal biometrics. Quality-dependent fusion algorithms aim to dynamically combine several classifier (biometric expert) outputs as a function of automatically derived (biometric) sample quality. Quality measures used for this purpose quantify the degree of conformance of biometric samples to some predefined criteria known to influence the system performance. Designing a fusion classifier to take quality into consideration is difficult because quality measures cannot be used to distinguish genuine users from impostors, i.e., they are nondiscriminative yet still useful for classification. We propose a general Bayesian framework that can utilize the quality information effectively. We show that this framework encompasses several recently proposed quality-based fusion algorithms in the literature-Nandakumar et al., 2006; Poh et al., 2007; Kryszczuk and Drygajo, 2007; Kittler et al., 2007; Alonso-Fernandez, 2008; Maurer and Baker, 2007; Poh et al., 2010. Furthermore, thanks to the systematic study concluded herein, we also develop two alternative formulations of the problem, leading to more efficient implementation (with fewer parameters) and achieving performance comparable to, or better than, the state of the art. Last but not least, the framework also improves the understanding of the role of quality in multiple classifier combination.
Effects of glacial meltwater in the GISS coupled atmosphereocean model: 1. North Atlantic Deep Water response

Varying magnitudes of freshwater input through the St. Lawrence are added to different versions of the GISS coupled atmosphere-ocean model. The results show a generally linear response in percentage North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) reduction to the volume of water added without any obvious threshold effects. When the estimated best guess freshwater input for the Allerod-Younger Dryas interval is added, only small reductions in NADW production occur in less than a century, with complete cessation requiring more than 300 years. If the ocean circulation was weaker in the Allerod preceding the Younger Dryas, somewhat larger percentage reductions occur, and it would take 150–200 years for a complete shutdown. The freshening is aided by a positive feedback associated with the reduction in evaporation relative to precipitation in the North Atlantic, amounting to some 20–30% of the added freshwater runoff. When the freshwater input is stopped after complete NADW shutdown, NADW production does not resume. With complete NADW cessation, cooling eventually occurs throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including regions where it is not thought to have arisen during the Younger Dryas, and the globe cools by 1°C due primarily to the sea ice albedo feedback; while in many regions the observed cooling is reproduced, the cooling in Greenland is much less than is estimated. With only 50% NADW cessation, cooling is primarily around the North Atlantic. No rapid warming is seen in response to freshwater cessation. The sensitivity displayed here for NADW reduction due to freshwater input from the St. Lawrence is roughly similar to that associated with increased precipitation accompanying global warming in the next century, so a similar sensitivity may arise with Younger Dryas freshwater inputs from other suspected locations (Greenland, Europe).
The Acute Impact of Changes to Haemodynamic Load on the Left Ventricular Strain-Volume Relationship in Young and Older Men. Acute of Changes to Haemodynamic Load on the Left Ventricular Strain-Volume Relationship in

30 Objectives . Chronic changes in left ventricular (LV) haemodynamics, for example induced by 31 increased afterload (i.e., hypertension), mediate changes in LV function. This study examined 32 the proof-of-concept that: 1 . the LV longitudinal strain (ԑ)-volume loop is sensitive to detect an 33 acute increase in afterload, and 2 . these effects differ between healthy young versus older men. 34 Methods. Thirty-five healthy male volunteers were recruited including 19 young (24±2 yr) and 35 16 older participants (67±5 yr). Tests were performed prior to, during and after 10-min recovery 36 from acute manipulation of afterload. Real-time haemodynamic data were obtained and LV 37 longitudinal ԑ-volume loops were calculated from 4-chamber images using 2D- 38 echocardiography. 39 44 P<0.05).
Metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics profiling of myoblasts 1 infected with Trypanosoma cruzi after treatment with different drugs 2 against Chagas disease

to test if we can obtain metabolic signatures of drugs in a complex host cell – parasite-system, relative to their MoA. We tested the reference drugs and experimental drugs, which might have different MoA. In 89 the second part of our study, we applied a more comprehensive metabolomics, lipidomics and 90 proteomics approach to evaluate if metabolic changes induced by drug action can be attributed to a 91 specific metabolic fraction or if they can be correlated to a particular pathway. We show here that the fingerprinting approach can be successfully applied to study different drugs in a complex host cell- 93 parasite system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that comprehensive metabolomics and proteomics 94 reveal metabolic differences relative to drug action, but interpretation towards affected pathways 95 remains challenging due to the common metabolome of a eukaryotic parasite in a eukaryotic host cell.
Frequency-Wavenumber Spectra of Sea Surface Temperature and Wind-Stress Curl in the Eastern North Pacific

Abstract Frequency-wavenumber spectra of sea surface temperature and wind-stress curl are computed from 11 years of surface marine observations taken in the eastern North Pacific. These data were averaged by month and 2° quadrangles to yield spectra with periods from 2 to 48 months and zonal wavelengths from 400 to 4000 km. Spectra were computed for all 2° zonal bands between 16 and 40°N using data from the area between 120 and 160°W. Missing monthly values led to the computation of these spectra using a least-squares Fourier expansion which eliminated the need for temporal interpolation. Frequency spectra computed with this technique compare well with spectra using standard Fourier methods. The resulting spectra were found to separate naturally into two regions; one between 29 and 40°N and the second between 15 and 29°N. Even within these zonal bands there were some important north–south changes. The annual signal was found to dominate the spectra of sea surface temperature at almost all wavelengths. The.
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Decision theory, reinforcement learning, and the brain

fective nature of their environments and to exert control in order to maximize rewards and minimize threats to homeostasis are critical to their longevity. Decision theory is a formal framework that allows us to describe and pose quantitative questions about optimal and approximately optimal behavior in such environments (e.g., Bellman, 1957; Berger, 1985; Berry & Fristedt, 1985; Bertsekas, 2007; Bertsekas & Tsitsiklis, 1996; Gittins, 1989; Glimcher, 2004; Gold & Shadlen, 2002, 2007; Green & Swets, 1966; Körding, 2007; Mangel & Clark, 1989; McNamara & Houston, 1980; Montague, 2006; Puterman, 2005; Sutton & Barto, 1998; Wald, 1947; Yuille & Bülthoff, 1996) and is, therefore, a critical tool for modeling, understanding, and predicting psychological data and their neural underpinnings. Figure 1 illustrates three paradigmatic tasks that have been used to probe this competence. Figure 1A shows a case of prediction learning (Seymour et al., 2004). Here, human volunteers are wired up to a device that delivers variable strength electric shocks. The delivery of the shocks is preceded by visual cues (Cue A through Cue D) in a sequence. Cue A occurs on 50% of the trials; it is foly lowed b Cue g B and then a lar er shock 80% of the time or by Cue D and then a smaller shock 20% of the time. The converse is true for Cue C. Subjects can, therefore, in general expect a large shock when they get Cue A, but this expectation can occasionally be reversed. How can they learn to predict their future shocks? An answer to this question is provided in the Markov Decision Problem section; as described there, these functions are thought to involve the striatum and various neuromodulators. Such predictions d can be useful for guiding decisions that can have deferre consequences; formally, this situation can be characterized as a Markov decision problem (MDP) as studied in d the fields of dynamic programming (Bellman, 1957) an reinforcement learning (Sutton & Barto, 1998). Figure d 1B depicts a decision task that is closely relate to signal detection theory (Green & Swets, 1966) and has been particularly illuminating about the link between neural activity and perception (Britten, Newsome, Shadlen, Celebrini, & Movshon, 1996; Britten, Shadlen, Newsome, & Movshon, 1992; Gold & Shadlen, 2001, 2002, 2007; Shadlen, Britten, Newsome, & Movshon, 1996; Shadlen & Newsome, 1996). In the classical version of this task, monkeys watch a screen that shows moving dots. A proportion g g of the dots is movin in one direction; the rest are movin in
Renal Denervation Update From the International Sympathetic Nervous System Summit

Three recent renal denervation studies in both drug-naïve and drug-treated hypertensive patients demonstrated a signi ﬁ cant reduction of ambulatory blood pressure compared with respective sham control groups. Improved trial design, selection of relevant patient cohorts, and optimized interventional procedures have likely contributed to these positive ﬁ ndings. However, substantial variability in the blood pressure response to renal denervation can still be observed and remains a challenging and important problem. The International Sympathetic Nervous System Summit was convened to bring together experts in both experimental and clinical medicine to discuss the current evidence base, novel developments in our understanding of neural interplay, procedural aspects, monitoring of technical success, and others. Identi ﬁ cation of relevant trends in the ﬁ eld and initiation of tailored and combined experimental and clinical research efforts will help to address remaining questions and provide much-needed evidence to guide clinical use of renal denervation for hypertension treatment and other potential indications. (J Am Coll Cardiol
The electrokinetic bioremediation of hydrocarbons from the sub-surface

﻿Hydrocarbon contamination of soil from accidental spills and negligence represents a major cause of sub-surface contamination. There are numerous physical, chemical and biological techniques available for contaminant remediation. However, many of these methods can be difficult to implement at sites where access to soils, or delivery of treatments, requires substantial excavation works and disruption (for example where contamination is located beneath or adjacent to building structures and underground services). An innovative technology that may provide a solution for the remediation of subsurface contamination without causing interim damage is that of electrokinetic remediation. Electrokinetic remediation is the application of a low voltage, direct current (of the order of mA/cm2) between electrodes placed in a contaminated soil system. The production of an electric field causes a number of electrically-induced processes to occur that can promote soil remediation, principally: electromigration, electroosmosis, electrophoresis, and electrolysis. This study examined the use of electrokinetics coupled with biodegradation to remediate kerosene and transformer oil from sub-surface soils. The principal investigations carried out within this study included: the use of electroosmosis as an in situ flushing technique; use of electrokinetics to deliver surfactants into the soil to promote mobilisation of contaminants within the sub-surface; and the use of electrokinetics to create optimum conditions for biodegradation by the delivery of nutrients and electron acceptors, the removal of toxic metabolites, and by controlling the pH and moisture content of the soil. As an integral part of the research, a field trial was designed and set up to determine whether electrokinetics could be used to promote the biodegradation of transformer oil from the subsurface. This was one of the first field trials in the UK for the electrokinetic remediation of hydrocarbon contaminants. The results of the study support the use of electrokinetics as a field tool for the enhancement of remediation in the sub-surface. Laboratory-scale studies showed the potential to mobilise the more soluble hydrocarbons (such as toluene and xylene) in the soil, to deliver enhancing agents (e.g. surfactants and nutrients) and to remove toxic metabolites. The field-scale experiment demonstrated the concept of a relatively low cost treatment cell on-site and provided some evidence that biodegradation of the transformer oil was promoted. Consequently, it is suggested that electrokinetics, with the correct engineering controls in place, provides a valuable method of optimising the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the sub-surface.
A procedure for in vitro evaluation of the immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells on activated T cell proliferation

Background: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) represent adult cells with multipotent capacity. Besides their capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro and in vivo, increasing evidence points towards the immunomodulatory capacity of these cells, as an important feature for their therapeutic power. Although not included in the minimal criteria established by the International Society for Cellular Therapy as a defining MSC attribute, demonstration of the immunomodulatory capacity of MSC can be useful for the characterization of these cells before being considered MSC. Here we present a simple and reliable protocol by which the immunosuppressive effect of MSC can be evaluated in vitro. It is based on the measuring of the proliferation of activated T cells cultured in direct contact with irradiated MSC.Results: Our results showed that MSC have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on activated T cell proliferation, which can be quantified as a percentage of maximum proliferation. Our data shows that batch-to-batch variability can be determined within one or multiple experiments, by extracting the area under curve of T cell proliferation plotted against the absolute number of MSC in co-culture.Conclusions: The validation of the immunomodulatory capacity of MSC could be added to the characterization of the cells before being used in various MSC-based approaches to treat immunological diseases. Our results showed that MSC have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on activated T cell proliferation. The immunosuppressive properties of MSC vary between batches, but not between different passages of the same batch.