Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Scheme for Tolerating Single Event/Multiple Bit Upsets (SEU/MBU) in Non-Volatile Memories

This paper proposes a novel scheme for a low-power non-volatile (NV) memory that exploits a two-level arrangement for attaining single event/multiple bit upsets (SEU/MBU) tolerance. Low-power hardened NVSRAM cell designs are initially utilized at the first level; these designs increase the critical charge and decrease power consumption by providing a positive (virtual) ground level voltage. A soft error rate (SER) analysis is also pursued to confirm the findings of the critical charge-based analysis. Simulation of these cells shows that their operation has a very high SEU tolerance, the charges in the nodes of the circuits for non-volatile storage and gate leakage current reduction have very high values, thus ensuring that a SEU will highly unlike affect the correct functions. A novel memory scheme with the proposed NVSRAM cells is proposed for tolerating MBU; in this scheme, only the error detection circuitry is required, because error correction is provided by the non-volatile elements of the NVSRAM cells. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is very efficient in terms of delay and number of transistors (as measure of complexity). Moreover, the very high critical charge of some of the proposed cell designs reduces the number of MBU appearing as errors at the outputs of the memory, thus further reducing the error detection hardware required by the proposed scheme. An extensive evaluation and comparison of different schemes are presented.
Second AKT: The rise of SGK in cancer signalling

The serum and glucocorticoid kinase (SGK) family of serine/threonine kinases consists of three isoforms, SGK-1, SGK-2 and SGK-3. This family of kinases is highly homologous to the AKT kinase family, sharing similar upstream activators and downstream targets. SGKs have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, survival and migration: cellular processes that are dysregulated in cancer. Furthermore, SGKs lie downstream of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3Kinase) signalling and interact at various levels with RAS/RAF/ERK signalling, two pathways that are involved in promoting tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that mutant PI3Kinase can induce tumorigenesis through an AKT-independent but SGK3-dependent mechanism, thus implicating SGKs as potential players in malignant transformation. Here, we will review the current state of knowledge on the regulation of the SGKs and their role in normal cell physiology and transformation with a particular focus on SGK3.
The effect of intact and lysed leukocytes on murine tumor growth and host survival

The inhibitory effect of sensitized lymph‐node cells on transplanted tumor growth in the mouse is well documented. The efficacy of peripheral lymphocytes is disputed. Lysed lymphocyte extracts (“transfer factor”), although effective in transferring several types of delayed hypersensitivity in man, have had equivocal results in animals, particularly in tumor immunity.
Altered Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cascades in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 21 controls, 8 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 10 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) were analyzed for inflammatory cytokine/chemokine and related trophic factor expression using a multiplex ELISA. Since results obtained from the MCI and AD samples were similar, those data were combined (MCI/AD) to simplify the analysis. In MCI/AD serum samples, the mean levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α, RANTES, IL-13, IL-17A, MIP-1α, eotaxin and PDGF-BB were significantly elevated relative to control, whereas IL-15, IP-10, MCP-1, and GMCSF were reduced. In MCI/AD CSF, IL-5 and IL-13 were significantly elevated whereas GM-CSF, IL-17A, b-FGF, PDGF-BB, and VEGF were reduced. The findings suggest that in the early stages of neurodegeneration, inflammatory factors driving cognitive impairment may be derived more from systemic than CNS responses. In contrast, alterations in trophic factor expression that would adversely affect neuronal survival, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and myelin integrity may largely originate within the CNS, although they could be propagated by neuroinflammation.
Number of trials necessary to achieve reliable change-of-direction measurement in amateur basketball players

Abstract This study examined the inter-day reliability and repeatability of change-of-direction (COD) performance to determine the minimum number of measurement trials required to represent a stable athlete’s performance. Twenty-three university basketball players performed seven COD trials. Identical tests were performed two weeks later to evaluate inter-day reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficients were utilised to examine inter-day reliability for all data input methods. Separated ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to examine the trial effect. The ICC analysis indicated that data from the first trial exhibited the lowest reliability and that the fastest trial generally had higher reliability than the mean performance trial. The trial effect results revealed slower COD performance time in the first three trials than in later trials (p < 0.05), with no significant differences amongst later trials. These results suggested that at least four change-of-direction trials are required with respect to improving measurement reliability.
Soluble E-selectin is found in supernatants of activated endothelial cells and is elevated in the serum of patients with septic shock.

A quantitative sandwich ELISA for E-selectin in the fluid phase (soluble E-selectin, sEs) has been developed that is sensitive to 100 pg/ml. The assay shows no reactivity with either L- or P-selectins. We have used this to determine the fate of E-selectin after cell-surface expression and to test whether levels measured in vivo may represent the state of endothelial activation. E-selectin was first detectable in supernatants of IL-1-stimulated endothelial cells at 24 h, and increased slowly up until 72 h. However, over this time period the total E-selectin detectable in the system (cells plus supernatants) declined dramatically. 125I-surface-labeled endothelial cells cultured for 24 h show an E-selectin of reduced m.w. in the supernatant, indicating that the molecule is shed from the surface. The shed form also appears to be slightly smaller than the intact membrane form as determined from immunoprecipitation and molecular sieving studies. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain of the molecule found in supernatants of activated endothelial cells and in serum is not intact as determined by loss of reactivity with an antipeptide antibody specific for the cytoplasmic domain. We have examined the sera of 71 normal individuals. Without exception, sEs was found in serum in the range of 0.13 to 2.8 ng/ml, suggesting that even in the absence of overt inflammatory processes E-selectin is being synthesized and released into the bloodstream. In addition, bacteremic patients with hypotension, but not those without, showed markedly elevated sEs values. As determined by cell-binding studies, the blood-derived form of E-selectin is biologically active.
Effect of barley replacement and enzyme supplementation on performance and egg quality of laying hens.

A total number of six hundred and thirty 26-weeks old, Commercial Hy-line W-36 hens were randomly assigned into 10 groups, each group contains nine replicate (seven birds per each) to study performance and egg quality of White Hy-line layers as affected by barley replacement at 0, 25 , 50 , 75 and 100 % of yellow corn with or without multi enzymes (Caplix) supplementation into drinking water by 6 ml / 20 liter . The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Multi enzymes supplementation significantly increased overall mean of hen-day egg production, accumulative egg number, average egg mass and feed consumption however, average egg weight was slightly increased and feed conversion was not improved . Moreover , egg quality measurements did not affected by multi enzyme supplementation . Hens fed 50 % barley replacement diet had higher (P<0.01) overall mean hen day egg production, cumulative egg number, egg weight, average egg mass , and feed consumption , while the lowest feed consumption was recorded with control diet. Barley replacement had significant effect on egg quality in terms of shell thickness, shell weight and albumen percentage. But, the interaction between multi enzyme and barley replacement had no significant effect on either hen performance or egg quality. In conclusion, with enzyme supplementation, barley can replace up to 50 % of yallow corn in W-36 laying hen diets without adverse effect on performance and egg quality. Kh. A. Mohammed, et al.
Distance estimation in a ZigBee wireless mesh network for disaster situations

—Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained importance through applications in the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0. Especially the mesh topology has been integrated in wireless standards. These wireless mesh networks (WMN) offer a wide range of deployment possibilities. The usage in disaster situations without Global Position Satellite System (GPSS) support is investigated. While a WMN usually requires a thorough planning of positioning of the nodes this is not possible in case of a disaster. Starting from a destroyed infrastructure the challenge is to spread the wireless network nodes. Therefore the focus is on the optimal distribution of the nodes with regard to navigation and positioning rather than on the optimal coverage and range of the network. The WMN is piecemeal build up for basic navigation and sensor communication. In a 7.4-hectare park a wireless ZigBee mesh consisting of six nodes was deployed and basic navigation and communication was tested under urban conditions. All nodes are battery operated and can be used in a destroyed infrastructure. The combination of WMNs and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) provides ﬁrst promising results for position determination and estimation.
Analog network coding in general SNR regime

The problem of maximum rate achievable with analog network coding for a unicast communication over a layered wireless relay network with directed links is considered. A relay node performing analog network coding scales and forwards the signals received at its input. Recently this problem has been considered under two assumptions: (A) each relay node scales its received signal to the upper bound of its transmit power constraint, (B) the relay nodes in specific subsets of the network operate in the high-SNR regime. We establish that assumption (A), in general, leads to suboptimal end-to-end rate. We also characterize the performance of analog network coding in a class of symmetric layered networks without assumption (B). The key contribution of this work is a lemma that states that in a layered relay network a globally optimal set of scaling factors for the nodes that maximizes the end-to-end rate can be computed layer-by-layer. Specifically, a rate-optimal set of scaling factors for the nodes in a layer is the one that maximizes the sum-rate of the nodes in the next layer. This critical insight allows us to characterize analog network coding performance in network scenarios beyond those that can be analyzed using the existing approaches. We illustrate this by computing the maximum rate achievable with analog network coding in one particular layered network, in various communication scenarios.
D2PGGAN: Two Discriminators Used in Progressive Growing of GANS

Generative adversarial network (GAN) is a powerful generative model. However, it suffers from two key problems which are convergence instability and mode collapse. Recently, progressive growing of GANs for improving quality, stability and variation (PGGAN) is proposed to better solve these two problems. Although the performance of PGGAN is good on these two problems, it is still not satisfied on mode collapse problem. In this paper, we propose a new architecture based on PGGAN called D2PGGAN to better solve the mode collapse problem. The key idea consists of one generator and two different discriminators in PGGAN. With the fact that GAN is the analogy of a minimax game, the proposed architecture is as follows. The generator (G) aims to produce realistic-looking samples to fool both of two discriminators. The first discriminator (D1) rewards high scores for samples from the data distribution, while the second one (D2) favors samples from the generator conversely. Specifically, a novel loss function is designed to optimize the proposed D2PGGAN. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and obtains the highest inception scores compared with others state-of-the-art GANs.
An Adaptive User Interface for Universal Multimedia Access

Recently, immense multimedia information has come to be exchanged on the Internet, where 3DCG, video, image, sound, and text are involved in various circumstances with terminal devices, networks and users different in their competences and performances. This fact may easily lead to 'digital divide' so called unless any special support is given to the weaker. We have already proposed a new concept of 'universal multimedia access' which easily narrows the digital divide by providing appropriate multimedia expressions according to users’ (mental and physical) abilities, computer facilities and network environments. In this paper, we present a user interface to support the users in accordance with their abilities, computer facilities and network environments.
Interactive control of human/robot sharing same workspace

This paper presents a basic motion-planning/feedback-control algorithm for a robot working with a human in the same workspace. With the proposed control scheme, robots can be safe and easy to use when unexpected events occur. The algorithm is based on: (1) inertia reduction, (2) passivity, and (3) parametric path planning. A preliminary simulation study is performed to show its effectiveness with a two-link manipulator.
Scale-Free Modulation of Resting-State Neuronal Oscillations Reflects Prolonged Brain Maturation in Humans

Human neuronal circuits undergo life-long functional reorganization with profound effects on cognition and behavior. Well documented prolonged development of anatomical brain structures includes white and gray matter changes that continue into the third decade of life. We investigated resting-state EEG oscillations in 1433 subjects from 5 to 71 years. Neuronal oscillations exhibit scale-free amplitude modulation as reflected in power-law decay of autocorrelations—also known as long-range temporal correlations (LRTC)—which was assessed by detrended fluctuation analysis. We observed pronounced increases in LRTC from childhood to adolescence, during adolescence, and even into early adulthood (∼25 years of age) after which the temporal structure stabilized. A principal component analysis of the spatial distribution of LRTC revealed increasingly uniform scores across the scalp. Together, these findings indicate that the scale-free modulation of resting-state oscillations reflects brain maturation, and suggests that scaling analysis may prove useful as a biomarker of pathophysiology in neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia.
Testing blocking operations with QuickCheck's component library

It is a challenge to write test cases for software with blocking operations, i.e. operations that do not return until data become available. One should prevent the test case itself to block, whereas at the same time, one wants to test the blocking behaviour. Therefore, the standard solution is to write concurrent test cases, each call in the test case executed by a newly spawned process, together with a lot of boilerplate code. Manually crafted test cases can check that blocking calls are indeed blocked and unblocked as expected. Writing such test cases is error-prone and covering all interesting cases requires a lot of manually written tests. By using QuickCheck? s state machines one can automatically generate the test cases from a specification, but also here the boilerplate code is needed. We demonstrate that by using the component library in QuickCheck, an extension of the state machine formalism, the boilerplate code is no longer needed. Using the component library results in clear and concise specifications that are effectively used for testing. By using this new library, software with blocking operations can be tested much more thoroughly than by using a manual test approach.
Sensorimotor control of knee stability. A review

Traditionally, the concept of joint stability considered the displacement (or subluxation) of two bones relative to each other as the measurement index, and attributed the preservation of such stability in its physiologic range to the various ligaments associated with the joint. Although the ligaments are indeed the major restraints of any joint, the significant contribution of the musculature toward joint stability had been grossly overlooked or neglected until the last 15 years. The value and importance of muscular activity in that role becomes immediately apparent if one performs even a superficial functional comparison of muscles and ligaments. Ligaments are passive viscoelastic structures, whereas muscles are dynamic viscoelastic organs. The viscoelastic effects of the ligaments are activated and applied strictly upon the geometric and kinematic configuration of the joint traversing through its range of motion according to fixed force‐displacement relationships. The musculature, however, can apply passive viscoelastic effects to the joint when not active (passive tone) and variable dynamic viscoelastic effects when contracting under voluntary or reflexive control, and at any desirable point in the range of motion and in response to joint speed, external load, gravity, pain, and so forth, while executing the functional objective of the movement set by the individual. Preservation of joint stability cannot be ascribed to the ligaments alone, but should be considered as a synergistic function in which bones, joint capsules, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and sensory receptors and their spinal and cortical neural projects and connections function in harmony.
A Scalable and Hybrid Intrusion Detection System Based on the Convolutional-LSTM Network

With the rapid advancements of ubiquitous information and communication technologies, a large number of trustworthy online systems and services have been deployed. However, cybersecurity threats are still mounting. An intrusion detection (ID) system can play a significant role in detecting such security threats. Thus, developing an intelligent and accurate ID system is a non-trivial research problem. Existing ID systems that are typically used in traditional network intrusion detection system often fail and cannot detect many known and new security threats, largely because those approaches are based on classical machine learning methods that provide less focus on accurate feature selection and classification. Consequently, many known signatures from the attack traffic remain unidentifiable and become latent. Furthermore, since a massive network infrastructure can produce large-scale data, these approaches often fail to handle them flexibly, hence are not scalable. To address these issues and improve the accuracy and scalability, we propose a scalable and hybrid IDS, which is based on Spark ML and the convolutional-LSTM (Conv-LSTM) network. This IDS is a two-stage ID system: the first stage employs the anomaly detection module, which is based on Spark ML. The second stage acts as a misuse detection module, which is based on the Conv-LSTM network, such that both global and local latent threat signatures can be addressed. Evaluations of several baseline models in the ISCX-UNB dataset show that our hybrid IDS can identify network misuses accurately in 97.29% of cases and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches during 10-fold cross-validation tests.
Using adaboost and SIFT for capturing Chinese text content of natural scene image in mobile communication network

The Chinese text in natural scene images which are transmitted in mobile communication network usually contains various and important information. Therefore, capturing Chinese text in these images can analyze the content of these images, and improve the commercial value and security of our network. The paper proposes an efficient and effective method to capture the Chinese text in images which were taken by mobile phone in natural scene. The detection and the location of the target text are achieved by AdaBoost, which can eliminate background noise; the SIFT feature, which is proper to the characteristics of Chinese text in image, is applied to capture the content of the located text. The method has a good practical application value. As the lack of experimental samples, further research is needed to improve.
Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training of Amygdala Activity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Background Amygdala hemodynamic responses to positive stimuli are attenuated in major depressive disorder (MDD), and normalize with remission. Real-time functional MRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) offers a non-invasive method to modulate this regional activity. We examined whether depressed participants can use rtfMRI-nf to enhance amygdala responses to positive autobiographical memories, and whether this ability alters symptom severity. Methods Unmedicated MDD subjects were assigned to receive rtfMRI-nf from either left amygdala (LA; experimental group, n = 14) or the horizontal segment of the intraparietal sulcus (HIPS; control group, n = 7) and instructed to contemplate happy autobiographical memories (AMs) to raise the level of a bar representing the hemodynamic signal from the target region to a target level. This 40s Happy condition alternated with 40s blocks of rest and counting backwards. A final Transfer run without neurofeedback information was included. Results Participants in the experimental group upregulated their amygdala responses during positive AM recall. Significant pre-post scan decreases in anxiety ratings and increases in happiness ratings were evident in the experimental versus control group. A whole brain analysis showed that during the transfer run, participants in the experimental group had increased activity compared to the control group in left superior temporal gyrus and temporal polar cortex, and right thalamus. Conclusions Using rtfMRI-nf from the left amygdala during recall of positive AMs, depressed subjects were able to self-regulate their amygdala response, resulting in improved mood. Results from this proof-of-concept study suggest that rtfMRI-nf training with positive AM recall holds potential as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of depression.
A first record of complete mitochondrial genome of Cryptalaus Ohira (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elateridae) based on C. yamato (Nakane)

Abstract A complete mitochondrial DNA genome of a rare click beetle, Cryptalaus yamato (Nakane), is the first reported. The genome consists of 15,882 base pairs including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 20 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and a 1279 bp long AT-rich region. The overall base composition is 69.4% AT and 30.6% GC. The maximum likelihood analysis based on nucleotide sequence data of 13 PCGs supported that C. yamato is involved in monophyletic group of Elateridae.