Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Self-Healable Polymeric Coating Materials Based on Charge Transfer Complex Interactions with Outstanding Weatherability

In this study, we prepare highly self-healable polymeric coating materials using charge transfer complex (CTC) interactions. The resulting coating materials demonstrate outstanding thermal stability (1 wt% loss thermal decomposition temperature at 420 °C), rapid self-healing kinetics (in 5 min), and high self-healing efficiency (over 99%), which is facilitated by CTC-induced multiple interactions between the polymeric chains. In addition, these materials exhibit excellent optical properties, including transmittance over 91% and yellow index (YI) below 2, and show enhanced weatherability with a ΔYI value below 0.5 after exposure to UV light for 72 h. Furthermore, the self-healable coating materials developed in this study show outstanding mechanical properties by overcoming the limitations of conventional self-healing materials.
Information Technology for Finding Answers to Questions from Open Web Resources

The purpose of this work is to develop a question answering system for the questions related to the highest degree of comparison based on open web resources. Examples of such questions are: "What are the most popular cars 2023? ", "What is the best novel ever? ". The system is implemented in Python. Additional libraries were used like Selenium for web scraping and NLTK for keywords extraction. The result of the system is ranked list of items with number of occurrences. The ranking is based on the popularity of item, or more specifically on the number of web resources in which the particular item appeared. It differs from the classical QA systems because they usually answering unequivocal questions. In contrast, implemented system aggregates opinions from different resources to answer subjective questions. There are no datasets for our specific task, so the system was validated on the manually created sample questions. Considering the above limitation system accuracy expressed in F1 score is close to 0.8. In future the system can a website that aggregates data from many web resources designed to rank items from different domains.
Online Learning Approach for Jammer Detection in UAV Swarms Using Multi-Armed Bandits

Integrating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into the 5G cellular network and O- RAN holds great potential for the UAV and communications industries. However, UAV wireless communication systems are susceptible to malicious attempts at jamming. This paper focuses explicitly on countering jamming signals that occur in a single direction, targeting UAV systems' physical layer security (PL). To address these security concerns, we utilize Online Learning (OL) methods to enhance the security of the physical layer in UAV systems. Our proposed approach involves an intrusion detection system (IDS) based on OL continuously updating its knowledge and responding to emerging real-time attack strategies to protect UAV communication networks. The primary objective of this method is to ensure the integrity, availability, and reliability of wireless Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operations while ensuring the safe and efficient functioning of multi-UAV swarms within the O-RAN framework. We present the performance of the OL-based IDS, supported by a mathematical analysis that demonstrates the effectiveness of the adapted solution to the problem. Moreover, while recognizing this field's inherent challenges and complexities, this research explores potential avenues for future investigation in enhancing physical layer security in UAV systems.
Use of Exact Solutions of Wave Propagation Problems to Guide Implementation of Nonlinear Seismic Ground Response Analysis Procedures

One-dimensional nonlinear ground response analyses provide a more accurate characterization of the true nonlinear soil behavior than equivalent-linear procedures, but the application of nonlinear codes in practice has been limited, which results in part from poorly documented and unclear parameter selection and code usage protocols. In this article, exact (linear frequency-domain) solutions for body wave propagation through an elastic medium are used to establish guidelines for two issues that have long been a source of confusion for users of nonlinear codes. The first issue concerns the specification of input motion as “outcropping” (i.e., equivalent free-surface motions) versus “within” (i.e., motions occurring at depth within a site profile). When the input motion is recorded at the ground surface (e.g., at a rock site), the full outcropping (rock) motion should be used along with an elastic base having a stiffness appropriate for the underlying rock. The second issue concerns the specification of viscous damping (used in most nonlinear codes) or small-strain hysteretic damping (used by one code considered herein), either of which is needed for a stable solution at small strains. For a viscous damping formulation, critical issues include the target value of the viscous damping ratio and the frequencies for which the viscous damping produced by the model matches the target. For codes that allow the use of “full” Rayleigh damping (which has two target frequencies), the target damping ratio should be the small-strain material damping, and the target frequencies should be established through a process by which linear time domain and frequency domain solutions are matched. As a first approximation, the first-mode site frequency and five times that frequency can be used. For codes with different damping models, alternative recommendations are developed.
Nonequilibrium Effects on Information Recoverability of the Noisy Channels

We investigated the impact of nonequilibrium conditions on the transmission and recovery of information through noisy channels. By measuring the recoverability of messages from an information source, we demonstrate that the ability to recover information is connected to the nonequilibrium behavior of the information flow, particularly in terms of sequential information transfer. We discovered that the mathematical equivalence of information recoverability and entropy production characterizes the dissipative nature of information transfer. Our findings show that both entropy production (or recoverability) and mutual information increase monotonically with the nonequilibrium strength of information dynamics. These results suggest that the nonequilibrium dissipation cost can enhance the recoverability of noise messages and improve the quality of information transfer. Finally, we propose a simple model to test our conclusions and found that the numerical results support our findings.
Pattern, composition and resource selection of terrestrial vertebrates across the Yukon forest to tundra transition

Ecotones are gradients of change between expanses of similar species composition. These regions often mark co-occurring range limits for several species, and thus are ideal for elucidating ecological and biogeographical phenomena. The forest to tundra transition (FTT) is one of the world’s most prominent ecotones, but remains poorly studied especially with regard to vertebrate species occurrence. Vertebrate diversity, ecological structure and resource selection were characterized across the Yukon FTT using diversity metrics, ordination, hierarchical clustering, and resource modeling. The FTT represents an abrupt drop in vertebrate species richness within the more gradual, continental scale diversity gradient. Despite the patchiness and complexity in vegetative structure over this ecotone, the terrestrial vertebrate community is divisible into boreal, taiga, and tundra compartments. Most species conform to resource associations reported closer to the core of their range, generating remarkably consistent habitat and species associations despite a complex patchwork of contrasting habitat types.
Age Structure and Body Size of the Plateau Brown Frog (Rana kukunoris) in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve and Potential Climatic Impacts on Its Life History Variations

Simple Summary Knowledge of life history traits is crucial for understanding population dynamics, biodiversity declines, and conservation management decisions. Here, we quantified the age structure and body size of the plateau brown frog (Rana kukunoris) in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR), providing the first data about the life history traits of this species in this region. Subsequently, we compared the maximum longevity, age at sexual maturity (ASM), average age, and average snout–vent length (SVL) with those of 28 reported populations, and we examined the climatic influences on these four key life history traits. Notably, the maximum longevity in the JNNR population is 8 years, reaching the reported maximum longevity of this species. As elevation increases, the average age and ASM also increase. However, the average SVL initially increases before decreasing when above an elevation of 3000 m, which does not support Bergmann’s rule. Climatic factors, particularly temperature and UV-B, have discriminative effects on the life history variations of R. kukunoris. Our results will contribute to a deeper understanding of the diverse life history strategies and the related driving forces within a species. Abstract Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve (JNNR) is a renowned World Biosphere Reserve and UNESCO-designated World Nature Heritage Site. The age structure and body size of a population are crucial for assessing the quality of habitats in which a population lives and are essential for the vertebrate conservation and management, especially for amphibians. Unfortunately, information about the life history traits of amphibians is currently unavailable in JNNR. Herein, we first estimated the age structure and body size of Rana kukunoris, which is endemic to the Eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Then, we compared our data with 28 reported populations along an elevation gradient (1797–3450 m) and investigated how life history traits respond to climatic variations. Our results indicated the following: (1) For individuals from JNNR, the maximum longevity is 8 years, age at sexual maturity (ASM) is 2 years, suggesting a favorable ecological environment in JNNR. Notably, females are significantly larger than males due to the age factor. (2) The average age and ASM show a positive correlation with elevation. However, when the elevation exceeds 3000 m, the average SVL initially increases and then decreases due to the harsh environmental conditions at higher elevation. (3) Temperature and/or UV-B have a significant impact on the average age, ASM, and average SVL variations of R. kukunoris, suggesting adaptive potential of this species via life history variations in light of environmental changes. These accounts provide antecedent information about the life history traits of amphibians in JNNR, and provide insights into the driving factors of the life history variations of the plateau brown frog.
Clustering Time Series from Complex Systems using Intermittent Forces in System Decomposition

Clustering of time series from highly nonlinear systems has got board attentions with the increasing importance of understanding nonlinearity in applications. The recent clustering algorithms build high-quality features using complicated deep learning black-box models, which usually lack interpretability and ill-performance happens often when applying to complex systems. This paper focuses on the problem of clustering chaotic signals that mans can easily distinguish while the state-of-the-art performs poorly. We introduce the HAVOK analysis from physics and smartly use it as an interpretable way to extract essential nonlinear features for clustering. By further incorporating k-Shape algorithm, we present an effective time series clustering technique for signals from complex systems. Numerical examples demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art for clustering of chaotic time series.
Changes in synoptic weather patterns and Greenland precipitation in the 20th and 21st centuries

Predictions of Greenland precipitation are analyzed using self-organizing maps (SOMs). An ERA-40 sea-level pressure synoptic climatology is used to evaluate 20th century simulations of IPCC AR4 models for the period 1961-1999. The models that best reproduce the North Atlantic surface synoptic climatology and Greenland precipitation in ERA-40 are the CCCMA-CGCM3.1(T63), MIROC3.2(hires), and MPI-ECHAM5. Using these models in a 3-model ensemble, daily SLP and precipitation data from model simulations for time periods 1961-1999, 2046-2065, and 2081-2100 are compared, where future simulations are based on the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B climate scenario. Precipitation over Greenland is predicted by this ensemble to increase from 35.8 cm yr-1 to 45.8 cm yr-1 by the end of the 21st century, a 27.8% increase. This is equivalent to an annual decline in sea level of 0.5 mm yr-1. The precipitation change is attributed to changes in atmospheric circulation and thermodynamics during the future time periods. Results indicate that the North Atlantic storm track is predicted to shift northward through the 21st century, resulting in less precipitation being produced dynamically over the southeast coast of Greenland, but increased precipitation over the remainder of the ice sheet. Thermodynamic changes, explained by a strong increase in temperature and specific humidity predicted by the 3-model ensemble, dominate the future precipitation changes, accounting for 82.5% of the total change. This combination of shifting the midlatitude cyclones that act as the forcing for Greenland precipitation, while increasing the available precipitable water in the atmosphere, produces more precipitation over Greenland under global warming conditions. These changes are predicted to most dramatically affect the northern and eastern Greenland regions during the first half of the 21st century, then the western, central, and southern regions during the second half of the 21st century.
ICST Chaotic Mapping for Anti-Prediction Frequency Hopping Sequence Generation

Contemporary frequency hopping systems, generating frequency hopping sequences based on chaotic sequences is widely used. In this paper, we study the way of tracking jamming based on GRU networks in non-cooperative chaotic map frequency hopping systems. The selection of the frequency hopping sequence is crucial for frequency hopping systems. While most frequency hopping sequences generated using chaotic map exhibit strong correlation performance and randomness, after conducting the verification, it can be discovered that the accuracy of small sliding window prediction using GRU networks is astonishingly high. Thus, it is imperative that chaotic frequency hopping systems adopt a more sophisticated generation approach to effectively combat tracking jamming based on neural networks. To meet this need, a new chaotic map is proposed in this paper, which combines IST map and Cat map. This paper evaluates the performance of the frequency hopping sequences generated by this approach using a range of metrics, including Hamming correlation, Lyapunov exponent, sequence complexity, uniformity, and anti-prediction test based on the GRU network. The simulation results demonstrate that the frequency hopping sequence generated using this method exhibits superior uniformity, wider interval property, and better anti-prediction performance than traditional chaotic frequency hopping sequences.
A Highly Reliable Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Bed-Exit Detection System for the Elderly With Early Notification

This letter presents a real-time bed-exit alarm system using ultrasonic sensors, infrared (IR) sensors, and an accelerometer. The ultrasonic sensors detect the elderly in bed; the IR sensors detect the motion of the elderly across the gap at the end of the bed; and the accelerometer detects the bed rail being lowered. To achieve early notification, one-against-one support vector machine classifiers are implemented to recognize the early stages of bed-exit events with a sensitivity of 97.7% and a precision of 93.8%. The proposed system is verified with ten elderly subjects and provides an average lead time of 11.4 s for real bed-exit events, indicating that the proposed system has the ability to issue early warnings to caregivers for immediate assistance.
Dimerization Effects and Negative Strain Energy in Silicon Monosulfide Nanotubes

We report on the construction and characterization of silicon monosulfide nanotubes that were obtained by rolling up two-dimensional materials isoelectronic to phosphorene in the recently discovered layered Pmma and β phases. We relaxed and studied the nanotube structures using computational methods within density functional theory (DFT). We found that the nanotubes with a thick Pmma layer remain stable at room temperature, and their electronic properties depend on their diameters. Small-diameter nanotubes display metallic character, while nanotubes with increasing diameter show semiconducting ground states due to the dimerization in the silicon–silicon distances that opens a gap, leading to interesting optical properties in the near-infrared region. Furthermore, we discovered β SiS monolayer nanotubes having negative strain energies, similar to the well-known imogolite inorganic nanotubes. The combined thermal stability, compelling optical properties, and diverse applications of these silicon monosulfide nanotubes underscore the demand for novel synthesis methods to fully explore their potential in various fields.
Two-grid finite element method with an H2N2 interpolation for two-dimensional nonlinear fractional multi-term mixed sub-diffusion and diffusion wave equation

In this paper, we studied the two-grid method (TGM) for two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional multi-term mixed sub-diffusion and diffusion wave equation. A fully discrete scheme with the quadratic Hermite and Newton interpolation (H2N2) method was considered in the temporal direction and the expanded finite element method is used to approximate the spatial direction. In order to reduce computational time, a dual grid method based on Newton iteration was constructed with order $ \alpha\in(0, 1) $ and $ \beta\in(1, 2) $. The global convergence order of the two-grid scheme reaches $ O(\tau^{3-\beta}+h^{r+1}+H^{2r+2}) $, where $ \tau $, $ H $ and $ h $ are the time step size, coarse grid mesh size and fine grid mesh size, respectively. The error estimation and stability of the fully discrete scheme were derived. Theoretical analysis shows that the two grid algorithms maintain asymptotic optimal accuracy while saving computational costs. In addition, numerical experiments further confirmed the theoretical results.
Evaluation of atmospheric temperature uncertainty caused by platform attitude fluctuation

The measurement uncertainty is an important parameter to evaluate the reliability of the Rayleigh lidar in detecting atmospheric temperature. This presentation aims to study the atmospheric temperature measurement uncertainty of a floating platform-mounted Rayleigh lidar. A model was established for altitude correction considering the platform attitude, and the temperature uncertainty originating from the fluctuation in rolling and pitching angles was evaluated using the Monte Carlo method (MCM). The results show that the atmospheric temperature uncertainty due to platform fluctuation is confined to 10-2 K when the detection altitude is up to 65 km.
Research on Optimum Improvement of Turning Surface Roughness by Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Turning System

This research is to develop an ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning system and apply the robust process design method to optimize and enhance its turning efficiency. The first part of the study uses the finite element analysis method to analyze the natural mode of the (UAT) system tool and the horn and finds the maximum resonance frequency to effectively strengthen the vibration transmitted by the horn to the tool to obtain the maximum amplitude. According to the modal analysis results, the vibration frequency 19KHz is the closest to the Y-axis vibration direction of this study. The second part of the study applies the robust process design method to turn AISI 1045 steel and optimize its surface roughness. Knowing that the optimal cutting parameters are nose radius 0.4(mm), feed rate 0.1 (mm/rev), cutting speed 250 (m/min), depth of cut 0.15 (mm), the best surface roughness 0.74(µm); and compare the surface roughness with/without ultrasonic vibration assisted turning by its cutting parameters; the experimental results show that ultrasonic vibration assisted turning has better effect than that without ultrasonic vibration assisted turning.
SAR Image Despeckling Based on Local Gaussian Model and MAP in NSCT Domain

Applying nonlogarithmic additive model for SAR image,the distribution characteristic of SAR image isotropic regions are researched in Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT) domain,and then Gaussian Model is proposed to model the nonlogarithmic additive noise of the isotropic region in NSCT domain.Based on this model,we apply local sliding windows and adaptively estimate the variation of the nonlogarithmic additive noise,and then the solution of real NSCT coefficient is determined by using Maximum a Posteriori(MAP). Without applying logarithmic transform for original SAR image,the proposed method holds a good ability of radiometric preservation,the speckle is despeckled well while has less Pseudo-Gibbs phenomenon in uniform regions,edges and textures of despeckled image are also clear.Our algorithm possesses high performance over many traditional algorithms according to vision or objective evaluation.
Informal workplace learning and employability: The mediating role of competency development among financial sector employees in Bhutan

Amidst the rapid changes of this era, time constraints act as impediments to employees’ skill acquisition. However, a promising solution emerges in the form of informal workplace learning (IWL). Despite its potential, the precise impact of IWL on employability and competency development has remained an enigma. To unravel this, the present study draws upon the insights of the social learning theory. It delves deep into the impact of IWL on employability, incorporating competency development as a mediating element. The research also examines the potential moderating roles of learning goal orientation (LGO) and self-directed learning orientation (SDLO) in the IWL-competency development relationship. Leveraging data from 512 banking sector participants, the study employs a rigorous deductive design, administering a structured questionnaire through stratified random sampling. Analytical rigor is upheld via Confirmatory Factor Analysis, revealing squared multiple correlations (0.331 to 0.94) and affirming the CFA model’s validity and reliability through indices like average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). The hypotheses are subsequently evaluated through structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings reveal a substantial impact of IWL on employability (β = 0.13), with competency development effectively mediating this relationship (β = 0.30). While the anticipated moderating roles of LGO and SDLO do not manifest, this research furnishes valuable insights for organizations aiming to bolster their workforce’s proficiency and employability via IWL. The study contributes to the discourse on learning strategies amidst the contemporary professional landscape, urging organizations to harness the potential of IWL to foster adaptability and growth.