Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of lycopene and orchidectomy vs orchidectomy alone in the management of advanced prostate cancer

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Proton computed tomography using a 1D silicon diode array.

PURPOSE Proton radiography (PR) and proton computed tomography (PCT) can be used to measure proton stopping power directly. However, practical and cost effective proton imaging detectors are not widely available. In this study, the authors investigated the feasibility of proton imaging using a silicon diode array. METHODS A one-dimensional silicon diode detector array (1DSDA) was aligned with the central axis (CAX) of the proton beam. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs were used to find the correspondence between the water equivalent thickness (WET) and 1DSDA channel number. Two-dimensional proton radiographs were obtained by translation and rotation of a phantom relative to CAX while the proton nozzle and 1DSDA were kept stationary. A PCT image of one slice of the phantom was reconstructed using filtered backprojection. RESULTS PR and PCT images of the PMMA cube were successfully acquired using the 1DSDA. The WET of the phantom was measured using PR data. The resolution and maximum error in WET measurement are 2.0 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Structures down to 2.0 mm in size could be resolved completely. Reconstruction of a PCT image showed very good agreement with simulation. Limitations in spatial resolution are attributed to limited spatial sampling, beam collimation, and proton scatter. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the feasibility of using silicon diode arrays for proton imaging. Such a device can potentially offer fast image acquisition and high spatial and energy resolution for PR and PCT.
Treating the Aging Family: Demystifying Dysfunctional Role Expectations.

This article e,amines dysfunctional societal attitudes and beliefs regarding what family members should do for one another in later life. The article describes inappropriate or Inherently conflictual role e'pectations which can undermine the supportive quality of late life family relationships and foster feelings of quilt and resentment for adult children as well as their elderly
Predicting indoor spatial movement using data mining and movement patterns

The ability to accurately predict the movement trajectory of people holds potential benefits for many applications, such as aged care and retail. Such movement predictions rely on collecting and analyzing large amounts of positioning data from sensors. In this work, we describe new algorithms to mine and predict people's movement in an indoor environment. Movement patterns are mined from historical positioning data, and the patterns are used to construct a probability tree which is a visual representation of frequent movements. We have conducted an empirical study in a staff tearoom to capture positioning data, mine movement patterns and construct a probability tree. We show the predictive power of the algorithms using different trajectory estimation strategies.
Amyloid precursor protein 695 associates with assembled NR2A‐ and NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors to result in the enhancement of their cell surface delivery

This is a study of the interaction between the two NMDA neurotransmitter receptor subtypes, NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) 695, the major APP variant expressed in neurones. APP695 co‐immunoprecipitated with assembled NR1‐1a/NR2A and NR1‐1a/NR2B NMDA receptors following expression in mammalian cells. Single NR1‐1a, NR1‐2a, NR1‐4bc‐Myc, or NR2 subunit transfections revealed that co‐association of APP695 with assembled NMDA receptors was mediated via the NR1 subunit; it was independent of the NR1 C1, C2, and C2′ cassettes and, the use of an NR1‐2ac‐Myc‐trafficking mutant suggested that interaction between the two proteins occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. The use of antibodies directed against extracellular and intracellular NR2 subunit epitopes for immunoprecipitations suggested that APP/NMDA receptor association was mediated via N‐terminal domains. Anti‐APP antibodies immunoprecipitated NR1, NR2A, and NR2B immunoreactive bands from detergent extracts of mammalian brain; reciprocally, anti‐NR1 or anti‐NR2A antibodies co‐immunoprecipitated APP immunoreactivity. Immune pellets from brain were sensitive to endoglycosidase H suggesting that, as for heterologous expression, APP and NMDA receptor association occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. Co‐expression of APP695 in mammalian cells resulted in enhanced cell surface expression of both NR1‐1a/NR2A and NR1‐1a/NR2B NMDA receptors with no increase in total subunit expression. These findings are further evidence for a role of APP in intracellular trafficking mechanisms. Further, they provide a link between two major brain proteins that have both been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease.
Not all that glitters is gold: A guide to surgical trials in epilepsy

Epilepsy surgery is often the only effective treatment in appropriately selected patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy, a disease affecting about 30% of those with epilepsy. We review the evidence supporting the use of epilepsy surgery, with a focus on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Second, we identify gaps in knowledge about the benefits of epilepsy surgery for certain populations, the challenges of individualizing the choice of surgery, and our lack of understanding of the mechanisms of surgical outcomes. We conducted a search (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Clinicaltrials.gov) on March 2, 2016, to identify epilepsy surgery RCTs, systematic reviews, or health technology assessments (HTAs). Abstracts were screened to identify resective, palliative (e.g., corpus callosotomy, multiple subpial transection [MST]), ablative (e.g., Laser interstitial thermal therapy [LITT], gamma knife radiosurgery [RS]), and neuromodulation (e.g., cerebellar stimulation [CS], hippocampal stimulation [HS], repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation [rTMS], responsive neurostimulation [RNS], thalamic stimulation [TS], trigeminal nerve stimulation [TNS], and vagal nerve stimulation [VNS]) RCTs. Study characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Knowledge gaps were identified. Of 1,205 abstracts, 20 RCTs were identified (resective surgery including corpus callosotomy [n = 7], MST [n = 0], RS [n = 1, 3 papers], LITT [n = 0], CS [n = 1], HS [n = 2], RNS [n = 1], rTMS [n = 1], TNS [n = 1], TS [n = 1], and VNS [n = 5]). Most studies targeted patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and none examined the effectiveness of resective surgical therapies in patients with extra‐TLE (ETLE) or with specific lesions aside from mesial temporal lobe sclerosis. No pediatric surgical RCTs were identified except for VNS. Few RCTs address the effectiveness of surgery in epilepsy and most are of limited generalizability. Future studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of different surgical strategies, better understand the mechanisms of surgical outcomes, and define the ideal surgical approaches, particularly for patients with high or very low cognitive function, normal imaging, or ETLE.
A Comparison of Bible Verse Memorization Using Traditional Techniques versus Using Song.

The memorization of Bible verses is an important goal of many Christian schools. Teachers in Christian schools use many different techniques to help their students memorize Bible verses. One popular traditional method is to have the students repeat the verse many times until they can repeat it from memory. In this project the researcher compared this traditional method to the method of putting Bible verses to song and having the students learn the song and practice the verses by singing the song. Over a 12-week period the researcher worked with 16 students in a private Christian school kindergarten classroom. These two methods were then compared using a paired comparison t-test. For the first three weeks of testing the researcher introduced a new verse at the beginning of each week and had the students memorize them using the traditional method. The students were then tested on the verse at the end of each week and a final test was given 6 weeks following the final verse. During this final test the students recited all three of the previously memorized verses. This test was given to determine long-term retention. For the second 3-week period students were introduced to new verses put to song at the beginning of each week. The students memorized the verse to song over the course of the week and then recited it at the end of the week. A final test was given six weeks following the memorization of the final verse. The students were tested on all three verses to song at this time. This test was given to determine the long-term retention of the verses to song. After the results were analyzed, the researcher concluded that the memorization of verses to song had significant effect on the long-term retention of Bible verses. Therefore, the researcher rejects the null hypothesis that stated there is no difference between the two methods. The researcher suggests that more research needs to be done in this area . and areas relating to the research to have more effect on how verses are memorized in Christian school classrooms. Appendixes contain a permission letter and.music used in the study. (Contains 27 references, 1 table, and 2 figures.) (Author/RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. A COMPARISON OF BIBLE VERSE MEMORAZATION USING TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES VERSUS USING SONG 00 C) 00 An Action Research Project (.4 Presented to The Department of Teacher Education Johnson Bible College PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) this document has been reproduced as eceived from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to 1Z improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.
Estimation and Identification of Airborne Bacteria and Fungi in the Outdoor Atmosphere of Al-Mafraq Area - Jordan

Airborne bacteria and fungi were analyzed during November, 2013. Morbidity due to respiratory diseases was also reported. The studied zones include Al-Mafraq downtown, Al al-Bayt University, Al-Zaatari refugee camp and the open desert. A total of sixty air samples were collected by a microbiological air sampler on nutrient and tryptic soy agars as cultivation media for bacteria. Potato dextrose, Sabouraud dextrose and malt extract agars were used as cultivation media for fungi. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between almost all studied zones (P<0.05). The highest bacterial level was detected in Al-Mafraq downtown with 2055 CFU m, whereas the lowest level was detected in the open desert with 23 CFU m. The highest level of fungi was detected in Al-Zaatari refugee camp (405 CFUm), whereas the lowest level of fungi was observed in the open desert zone (13 CFUm). Bacteria and fungi levels were within the suggested threshold value limits for culturable bacteria and fungi. Eleven different bacterial species and four fungal species were isolated from these zones and identified by biochemical and molecular techniques. Fungi were examined macroscopically and microscopically and compared to the morphology of published fungal species. The identified bacterial species were Bacillus cereus, Bacillus aerius, Bacillus safensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus axarquiensis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus methylotrophicus, Bhargavae acecembensis, and Cellulomonas sp. The isolated bacteria were all aerobic, Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria and catalase positive. The identified fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. In respect to respiratory diseases in the studied area, the most frequent lung diseases in the studied area was bronchitis (42%), followed by chest infection (25%), pneumonia (21%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (12%). In conclusion, the isolated microbial species may appear to originate from the dusts of human and animal.
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate Alters Selectivity of Orai3 Channels by Increasing Their Pore Size*

Stim1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and the three Orai (also termed CRACM) channels in the plasma-membrane are main components of native Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. A pharmacological hallmark of these channels is their distinct sensitivity to 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). Here we report that Orai3 currents can be robustly stimulated by 75 μm 2-APB independent of Stim1, whereas 2-APB at similar concentrations inhibited store-operated Orai1 currents. 2-APB did not only promote currents through Orai3 channels but also dramatically altered ion selectivity of Orai3 channels. This allowed for permeation of monovalent cations both in the inward as well as outward direction, which is in sharp contrast to the high Ca2+ selectivity of store-operated Orai3 currents. An Orai3-R66W mutant, which lacked in analogy to the severe combined immune deficiency mutant Orai1-R91W store-operated activation, was also found to be resistant to 2-APB stimulation. The change in selectivity by 2-APB was associated with an increase in Orai3 minimum pore size from about 3.8Å to more than 5.34Å. In line with a potential interaction of 2-APB with the Orai3 pore, among three pore mutants tested, the Orai3 E165Q mutant particularly resembled in its permeation properties those of 2-APB stimulated Orai3 and additionally exhibited a reduced response to 2-APB. In aggregate, stimulation of Orai3 currents by 2-APB occurred along with an alteration of the permeation pathway that represents a unique mechanism for regulating ion channel selectivity by chemical compounds.
Constant factor approximation to the bounded genus instances of ATSP

The symmetric traveling salesman problem (STSP) is a special case of ATSP in which the cost function is symmetric (i.e. c(u, v) = c(v, u)). Christofides in 1976 [6] discovered a 3/2approximation algorithm for STSP. No better approximation algorithm has since been found for the general symmetric metric case. However, polynomial-time approximation schemes have been found when the distances are shortest paths in a planar graph [13, 1] or a bounded-genus graph [7].
Short Treatment Durations for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis: Five Days of Gemifloxacin versus 7 Days of Gemifloxacin

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical and radiologic efficacy of 5 days compared with 7 days of gemifloxacin therapy in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective, double-blind, multicenter, parallel-group study, adult patients presenting with ABRS were randomized to receive gemifloxacin 320 mg once daily for either 5 days (n = 218) or 7 days (n = 203). RESULTS: For the primary efficacy end point, clinical response to therapy at follow-up, 5 days of therapy with gemifloxacin was as effective as 7 days of therapy (per-protocol population; treatment difference 0.44%; 95% confidence interval (CI), −6.54 to 7.41). Five and 7 days of treatment with gemifloxacin were well tolerated. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical efficacy of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 5 days is at least as good as the efficacy of gemifloxacin 320 mg daily for 7 days in the treatment of ABRS.
Forensic analysis of the backup database file in KakaoTalk messenger

Instant messaging services should be designed to securely protect their users' personal contents such as chat messages, photos and video clips against a wide range of attacks. In general, such contents are securely encrypted in storage. In this paper, however, we demonstrated that the backup database file for chat messages in KakaoTalk (the most popularly used instant messaging service in Republic of Korea, http://www.kakao.com/talk/en) can be leaked to unauthorized users. We carefully examined the backup procedure in KakaoTalk through reverse engineering the KakaoTalk application to analyze how the backup database file was encrypted and the encryption key can be generated. Our analysis showed that the encrypted database is susceptible to off-line password guessing attacks. Based on this finding, we recommend that a secure key generation technique should be designed to improve resistance against offline password guessing attacks by using a random secret number to generate the encryption key.
Occasional review: Influenza in COPD: pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment

Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections that in patients with underlying lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with exacerbations and excess morbidity and mortality. Typically, influenza B is associated with relatively mild, local outbreaks, whereas influenza A is the cause of world-wide pandemics. Upon infection, two antigens present on the viral surface, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase result in human immunity, but since many subtypes of these antigens exist that vary over time, immunity in the population is blunted. Vaccination is advocated in high-risk groups including patients with underlying (lung) diseases and in the elderly, and needs to be repeated annually with vaccines expected to cover the expected change in viral antigenicity. When started early, antiviral drugs, especially neuraminidase-inhibitors can be prescribed in adjunct to nonspecific interventions in an attempt to shorten disease duration and to prevent complications in case of an influenza infection. Currently, the effectiveness of antiviral drugs specifically in patients with COPD has not been proven.
An electromyographic comparison of a modified version of the plank with a long lever and posterior tilt versus the traditional plank exercise

The purpose of the study was to compare core muscle activation of the tradition prone plank with a modified version performed with a long-lever and posterior-tilt using surface electromyography. To further determine if a specific component of this modified plank was more effective than the other in enhancing muscle activity, the plank with a long lever and the plank with a posterior pelvic tilt were studied individually. Nineteen participants performed all four variations of the plank for 30 seconds in a randomized order with 5-minute rest between exercise bouts. Compared to the traditional prone plank, the long-lever posterior-tilt plank displayed a significantly increased activation of the upper rectus abdominis (p < 0.001), lower abdominal stabilizers (p < 0.001), and external oblique (p < 0.001). The long-lever plank showed significantly greater activity compared to the traditional plank in the upper rectus abdominis (p = 0.015) and lower abdominal stabilizers (p < 0.001), while the posterior tilt plank elicited greater activity in the external oblique (p = 0.028). In conclusion, the long-lever posterior-tilt plank significantly increases muscle activation compared to the traditional prone plank. The long-lever component tends to contribute more to these differences than the posterior-tilt component.
Acute Vascular Effects of Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women

BackgroundAlthough hormone replacement therapy has been associated with reduction of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women, the mechanisms that mediate this apparent benefit are unclear. Because improvement in vaso-motor function may represent one of the beneficial effects of estrogen administration, we investigated the acute effects of physiological levels of estrogen on the vascular responses of estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Methods and ResultsThe study included 40 postmeno-pausal women 60±8 years old (mean±SD), 20 of whom had one or more conditions associated with vascular dysfunction (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, or coronary artery disease). The forearm vascular responses to the endo-thelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were studied before and during infusion of 17β-estradiol into the ipsilateral brachial artery. In 31 subjects, the effect of estradiol on the responses to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside was also studied. Women with risk factors for vascular dysfunction had significantly reduced vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (P=.01) and to sodium nitroprusside (P<.001) compared with healthy subjects. Intra-arterial infusion of 17β-estradiol increased the forearm venous estradiol concentration from 16±10 to 318±188 pg/mL, levels typical of reproductive-age women at midcycle, but caused no vasodilation. However, estradiol potentiated the forearm vasodilation induced by acetylcholine by 18±30% (P<.001) in women with risk factors for vascular dysfunction and by 14±23% (P=.03) in healthy women. Estradiol also potentiated the forearm vasodilation induced by sodium nitroprusside in women with risk factors for vascular dysfunction by 14±21% (P<.001) but not in healthy women. ConclusionsPhysiological levels of 17,3-estradiol selectively potentiate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy postmenopausal women and potentiate both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation in post-menopausal women with risk factors for atherosclerosis and evidence of impaired vascular function. These vascular effects may be partly responsible for the long-term benefit of estrogen therapy on cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women.
Terapia auditivo verbal : enseñar a escuchar para aprender a hablar

Resumen La Terapia Auditivo Verbal es un enfoque terapéutico para la educación de los niños sordos donde se enfatiza el desarrollo de las habilidades auditivas para la adquisición del lenguaje a través de la audición. Para ello, los niños deben ser identificados, diagnosticados y equipados con la amplificación óptima lo más tempranamente posible. Se les enseña a los padres a crear un ambiente en donde su hijo aprenda a escuchar, a procesar el lenguaje verbal y a hablar. En el presente artículo se hace una breve reseña histórica del desarrollo de esta metodología y se describen en forma extensiva sus principios fundamentales relacionados con la evaluación audiológica, la adaptación protésica, el uso funcional de la audición y la intervención centrada en la familia.