Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dantrolene: from better bacon to a treatment for ventricular fibrillation.

The porcine stress syndrome is a major cause of poor meat quality and death in the pork industry. It is known to be more prevalent in some pig strains than others,1 and susceptible animals can be identified by a challenge with halothane, which results in striking elevation in body temperature. This scenario parallels the clinical entity of familial malignant hyperthermia on exposure to general anesthetics, which was one of the earliest recognized human pharmacogenetic syndromes. We now know that affected pigs and people share the same molecular mechanism, mutations in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release channel of skeletal muscle encoded by RYR1 . 2,3 In the pig world, selective breeding programs have been used to develop strains resistant to malignant hyperthermia. In humans, malignant hyperthermia is an anesthetic emergency and is treated by immediate intravenous administration of dantrolene, which is effective and thought to be safe. Chronic oral dantrolene is also approved to treat severe muscle spasticity, and, in this setting, the limiting toxicity is hepatitis, which can be fulminant and fatal in up to 1% of exposed subjects. Article see p 875 Abrupt membrane depolarization (excitation) in skeletal or in cardiac muscle results in calcium release from SR stores via ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium release channels, and the ensuing rise in intracellular calcium then activates the contractile apparatus. The details of the way in which excitation couples to contraction differs somewhat in the 2 types of muscle (in the heart, but not in skeletal muscle, calcium influx via voltage-gated Cav1.2 channels is required to activate RyR channels; Figure), and there are different genes encoding the channels, RYR1 in skeletal muscle and RYR2 in cardiac muscle. Early studies of the mechanism of action of dantrolene highlighted its ability to decouple excitation from contraction in skeletal muscle, …
Dynamical patterns of p53 states driven by PML

Recent studies suggest that PML (Promyelocytic Leukemia) suppresses p53 protein degradation by inhibiting MDM2 protein in the nucleus [1], and regulates a number of biological functions [2]. We modeled a PML-MDM2-p53 regulatory network by integrating p53-MDM2 autoregulatory model [3] and related PML pathways. We found that p53 dynamics switched at various dynamical states induced by PML which corresponds to different cellular states. Our results show clear transitions among the stabilized, damped and sustain states under different stress conditions induced by PML in the system. These states in p53 dynamics is the signature of existence of various cellular states and the phase transition like behaviour of these states involve various biological significance.
3T Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle and Hindfoot Tendon Pathology

Ankle tendon pathology is relatively common in the active adult population. Magnetic resonance imaging is often the preferred advanced imaging option for the evaluation of tendon pathology of the hindfoot and ankle. The almost linear increase in signal-to-noise ratio provided by higher field strength imaging allows for improved image resolution and decreased scan times. Newer systems with faster gradients allow for optimal fast spin-echo imaging with lower echo spacing for longer echo train lengths and minimal image blurring. The ability to comfortably scan the ankle within the magnet isocenter using high-field strength-compatible extremity coils further maximizes the image resolution. It is imperative for the radiologist to be aware of necessary protocol adjustments and potential imaging artifacts unique to high-field strength imaging of the ankle. Our review outlines high-field strength magnetic resonance imaging technique and artifacts and also details the specifics of our own methods of ankle imaging.
The Implementation of Passive Covert Channels in the Linux Kernel

Introduction The goal of this paper is to describe the idea of so called passive covert channels (PCC), which might be used by malware to leak information from the compromised hosts. This idea has been implemented in a proof-of-concept tool, called NUSHU. The primary goal of the PCC is to be as stealth as possible by not generating its own traffic at all. To be actually useful PCC should be combined with some kind of password sniffer or other information gathering software running on the compromised host.
Post-Golgi Sec Proteins Are Required for Autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Macroautophagy is linked to various diseases in humans, including cancer and neurodegeneration. The morphological hallmark is the formation of the double-membrane autophagosome, which is the most complex aspect of macroautophagy. We demonstrate a role for post-Golgi Sec proteins, Sec2 and Sec4, in autophagosome formation.
Characterisation of innate lymphoid cell populations at different sites in mice with defective T cell immunity

Background: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have now been identified within most tissues of the body and current evidence indicates that this family of cells play a fundamental role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, few studies have compared the ILC populations between several tissues. Methods: We sought to generate a comprehensive characterisation of the ILC populations in different tissues of C57BL/6 WT and genetically modified mice targeting costimulatory pathways, using transcription factor expression to define specific groups. Results: Consistent with studies individually describing the ILC composition in different tissues, our analysis revealed different ILC groups dominate the ILC population in different tissues. Additionally, we observed a population of IL-7Rα +Id2 + cells lacking expression of lineage markers but also lacking expression of GATA-3, RORgt or T-bet. This population was most evident in ear skin where it outnumbered the defined ILC groups, however, further experiments demonstrated that detection of these cells was influenced by how the tissue was digested, raising concerns as to its real nature. Since both ILC2 and ILC3 express ICOS, we then investigated the requirement for ICOS:ICOSL interactions in the homeostasis of ILC populations at these sites. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected in the number of ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 between WT and ICOSL -/- mice in any tissue, indicating that this pathway is not required for ILC homeostasis at these sites. These data were compared with CD80 -/-CD86 -/- mice given evidence of CD28 expression by some ILC and ILC crosstalk with activated T cells. Notably, the absence of CD28 ligands resulted in a significant increase in ILC2 and ILC3 numbers in the intestine. Conclusions: Together, these data provide new insight into ILC composition in different tissues in both WT and genetically modified mice where key costimulatory pathways are genetically deleted, providing a useful resource for further research into ILC biology.
Code generation using tree matching and dynamic programming

Compiler-component generators, such as lexical analyzer generators and parser generators, have long been used to facilitate the construction of compilers. A tree-manipulation language called twig has been developed to help construct efficient code generators. Twig transforms a tree-translation scheme into a code generator that combines a fast top-down tree-pattern matching algorithm with dynamic programming. Twig has been used to specify and construct code generators for several experimental compilers targeted for different machines.
Moderating Factors of Immediate, Gross, and Net Cross-Brand Effects of Price Promotions

This article examines cross-price promotional effects in a dynamic context. Among other things, we investigate whether previously established findings hold when consumer and competitive dynamics are taken into account. Five main influential effects asymmetric price effect, neighborhood price effect, asymmetric share effect, neighborhood share effect, and private label versus national brand asymmetry appear jointly in the second layer of a pooled HB-VEC-VARX model, together with brand-and category-specific variables. This study tests the relative importance of these key factors across three scenarios: with no market dynamics, when only consumer dynamics are considered, and when competitive reactions are also taken into account. The results confirm all five influential effects, even if they are jointly estimated, and consumer and competitive dynamics are taken into account. National brand/private label asymmetry has the strongest influence on the cross-price promotional effects and becomes significantly stronger when consumer and competitive dynamics are taken into account. Dynamic consumer responses and competitive reactions both affect cross-brand price elasticities, and contrary to expectations, competitive reactions accumulate rather than diminish cross-price elasticities. Preemptive switching does occur; i.e., a brand's promotion in period t hurts a competitor's sales in subsequent periods. Our findings are based on an extensive data set. To attain generalizable results, we analyze 33 categories in five stores---that is, 165 store/category combinations.
Molecular systematics of dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae) and the radiation of Graphiurus in Africa

The phylogenetic relationships among the Gliridae (order Rodentia) were assessed using 3430 nucleotides derived from three nuclear fragments (β–spectrin non–erythrocytic 1, thyrotropin and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase) and one mitochondrial gene (12S rRNA). We included 14 glirid species, representative of seven genera of the three recognized subfamilies (Graphiurinae, Glirinae and Leithiinae) in our analysis. The molecular data identified three evolutionary lineages that broadly correspond to the three extant subfamilies. However, the data suggest that the genus Muscardinus, previously regarded as falling within the Glirinae, should be included in the Leithiinae. Molecular dating using local molecular clocks and partitioned datasets allowed an estimate of the timing of cladogenesis within the glirids. Graphiurus probably diverged early in the group's evolution (40–50 Myr ago) and the three subfamilies diverged contemporaneously, probably in Europe. The radiation within Graphiurus is more recent, with the colonization of Africa by this lineage estimated at ca. 8–10 Myr ago.
Empirical evaluation of applying ensemble ranking to ego-centered communities identification in complex networks

In this paper we propose a new approach for efficiently identifying ego-centered communities in complex networks. Most existing approaches are based on applying a greedy optimisation process guided by a given objective function. Different objective functions has been proposed in the scientific literature, each capturing some specific feature of desired communities. In this work, we propose to apply ensemble ranking approaches in order to combine different objective functions. Preliminary Results obtained from experiments on benchmark networks argue for the relevancy of our approach.
Performance evaluation of TDMA versus CSMA-based protocols in SINR models

In this paper, we compare time division and carrier sense multiple access schemes (TDMA and CSMA) in a signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR)-based model. We assume that the network nodes are distributed a Poisson process evenly distributed and have pending packets. First we study the distribution of the SINR in TDMA-based protocols where the same time-slot is reserved in given radius of n hops (n = 2 in most of these protocols). The same study is carried for CSMA-based access protocols where the reuse is controlled with the carrier-sense threshold. We then compare the total throughput of TDMA and CSMA based access protocols in an outage model. In this model a packet is considered as correctly received if its SINR is above a given threshold. Finally, we conduct the same comparison between TDMA and CSMA-based access protocols in a model of adaptive coding. In this model, the actual SINR rules the transmission coding. We idealize the performance of this technique using the Shannon's well know formula W = W0log(1 + SINR).
Effect of confinement in III-V nanowire field effect transistors

Using quantum transport simulations the effect of confinement in GaAs and InGaAs gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire field effect transistors (NWFETs) of different dimensions has been investigated. NWFETs of two cross-sections: 2.2x2. 2 nm2 and 4.2x4. 2 nm2 and three channel lengths: 6 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm have been simulated. The Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) formalism in the effective mass approximation (EMA) has been used, and both ballistic and dissipative transport have been considered. Scattering mechanisms for acoustic, optical and polar optical phonons have been included. The effective masses have been extracted from tight-binding (TB) simulations.
Bioluminescence of Marine Dinoflagellates

Portable light-baffled underwater photometers have been designed for the measurement of dinoflagellate bioluminescence by day and night. Maximal light emission is obtained by mechanical stimulation in a defined volume. The pump which stimulates the dinoflagellates also constantly replenishes the sample volume so that continuous measurements are possible. Evidence for both diurnal variation and vertical migration is presented. Using luminous bacteria for calibration a single dinoflagellate has been found to emit of the order of 1010 light quanta per flash. The technique suggests that large scale mapping of bioluminescence is feasible.
Lack of Effect of Hypertonic Sodium Bicarbonate on QRS Duration in Patients Taking Therapeutic Doses of Class IC Antiarrhythmic Drugs

Hypertonic sodium bicarbonate (HSB) has been reported to reduce the toxicity of Class IC antiarrhythmic agents in rats and, anecdotally, in patients. A pilot study was conducted of the safety and efficacy of HSB for reversing the electrocardiographic effects of therapeutic doses of encainide or flecainide in ten patients taking these drugs for chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Patients had a mean drug‐induced QRS prolongation before treatment of 27.6 ± 8.8%. Each patient received a single dose of HSB 100 mEq or normal saline IV over 5 minutes on two separate occasions. The administration of treatments was blinded and balanced. There were no important side effects of HSB. Venous blood pH, CO2 content and sodium concentration were all significantly increased by HSB in comparison to saline. No differences were found during the 2‐hour observation period in the primary endpoint, QRS duration, the PR or QT intervals, or the frequency of premature ventricular beats.
Temperature- and energy-constrained scheduling in multitasking systems: A model checking approach

The ongoing scaling of semiconductor technology is causing severe increase of on-chip power density and temperature in microprocessors. This has raised urgent requirement for both power and thermal management during each level of system design. In this paper, we propose a formal technique based on model checking using extended timed automata to solve the processor frequency assignment problem in a temperature- and energy-constrained multitasking system. The state space explosion problem is alleviated by transforming and solving a Pseudo-Boolean satisfiability problem. Our approach is capable of finding efficient solutions under various constraints and applicable to other problem variants as well. Our method is independent of any system and task characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of our approach.
Locomotor Training Approaches for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Preliminary Report of Walking‐related Outcomes

Background and Purpose Body weight supported (BWS) locomotor training improves overground walking ability in individuals with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). While there are various approaches available for locomotor training, there is no consensus regarding which of these is optimal. The purpose of this ongoing investigation is to compare outcomes associated with these different training approaches. Subjects and Methods Twenty-seven subjects with chronic motor-incomplete SCI have completed training and initial and final testing at the time of this preliminary report. Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 different BWS assisted-stepping groups, including: (1) treadmill training with manual assistance (TM), (2) treadmill training with stimulation (TS), (3) overground training with stimulation (OG), or (4) treadmill training with robotic assistance (LR). Prior to and following participation we assessed walking-related outcome measures including overground walking speed, training speed, step length, and step symmetry. Results Data pooled across all subject groups showed a significant effect of training on walking speed. While the differences between groups were not statistically significant, there was a trend toward greater improvement in the TS and OG groups. Post hoc subgroup analysis of outcomes from subjects with slower initial walking speed (< 0.1 m/s; n = 15) compared to those with faster initial walking speeds (≥ 0.1 m/s; n = 12) identified meaningful differences in outcomes with walking speed increasing by 85% in the slower group and by only 9% in the faster group. Step length of both stronger and weaker limb increased in all groups with the exception of those in the LR group. Step symmetry was increased in the TM and LR groups. Discussion and Conclusion These results represent preliminary findings of changes in walking-related function associated with different forms of BWS locomotor training for individuals with chronic, motor-incomplete SCI. Early data indicates that locomotor outcomes in these individuals appear to be comparable across training approaches. For the individuals in this study sample, those with the greatest deficits in walking function benefitted the most from locomotor training.
A peptide switch regulates DNA polymerase processivity

Chromosomal DNA polymerases are tethered to DNA by a circular sliding clamp for high processivity. However, lagging strand synthesis requires the polymerase to rapidly dissociate on finishing each Okazaki fragment. The Escherichia coli replicase contains a subunit (τ) that promotes separation of polymerase from its clamp on finishing DNA segments. This report reveals the mechanism of this process. We find that τ binds the C-terminal residues of the DNA polymerase. Surprisingly, this same C-terminal “tail” of the polymerase interacts with the β clamp, and τ competes with β for this sequence. Moreover, τ acts as a DNA sensor. On binding primed DNA, τ releases the polymerase tail, allowing polymerase to bind β for processive synthesis. But on sensing the DNA is complete (duplex), τ sequesters the polymerase tail from β, disengaging polymerase from DNA. Therefore, DNA sensing by τ switches the polymerase peptide tail on and off the clamp and coordinates the dynamic turnover of polymerase during lagging strand synthesis.
Intonation modeling for Croatian speech synthesis

Intonation modeling has become a very important part of speech synthesis and speech recognition systems. This paper summarizes basic concepts of prosody. It outlines prosody modeling approaches, labeling systems and approaches to the generation of prosodic information with three different prosody models: ToBI, Tilt and Fujisaki. Goals and significance of research of Croatian prosody modeling and its implementation to TTS systems are discussed.
Targeted Intranasal Mupirocin To Prevent Colonization and Infection by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains in Soldiers: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

ABSTRACT Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen that primarily manifests as uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections. We conducted a cluster randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether targeted intranasal mupirocin therapy in CA-MRSA-colonized soldiers could prevent infection in the treated individual and prevent new colonization and infection within their study groups. We screened 3,447 soldiers comprising 14 training classes for CA-MRSA colonization from January to December 2005. Each training class was randomized to either the mupirocin or placebo study group, and the participants identified as CA-MRSA colonized were treated with either mupirocin or placebo. All participants underwent repeat screening after 8 to 10 weeks and were monitored for 16 weeks for development of infection. Of 3,447 participants screened, 134 (3.9%) were initially colonized with CA-MRSA. Five of 65 (7.7%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.0% to 11.4%) placebo-treated participants and 7 of 66 (10.6%; 95% CI, 7.9% to 13.3%) mupirocin-treated participants developed infections; the difference in the infection rate of the placebo- and mupirocin-treated groups was −2.9% (95% CI, −7.5% to 1.7%). Of those not initially colonized with CA-MRSA, 63 of 1,459 (4.3%; 95% CI, 2.7% to 5.9%) of the placebo group and 56 of 1,607 (3.5%; 95% CI, 2.6% to 5.2%) of the mupirocin group developed infections; the difference in the infection rate of the placebo and mupirocin groups was 0.8% (95% CI, −1.0% to 2.7%). Of 3,447 participants, 3,066 (89%) were available for the second sampling and completed follow-up. New CA-MRSA colonization occurred in 24 of 1,459 (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.05% to 2.8%) of the placebo group participants and 23 of 1,607 (1.4%; 95% CI, 0.05% to 2.3%) of the mupirocin group participants; the difference in the infection rate of the placebo and mupirocin groups was 0.2% (95% CI, −1.3% to 1.7%). Despite CA-MRSA eradication in colonized participants, this study showed no decrease in infections in either the mupirocin-treated individuals or within their study group. Furthermore, CA-MRSA eradication did not prevent new colonization within the study group.
A Survey on OSN Message Filtering

In the specified documents data mining technique has been deprecated for filtering the OSN wall with unwanted messages or any type of vulgar messages. OSN is Online Social Network which has become an important part of the people life these days. People communicate over it with friends, relatives over a OSN wall. Thus to provide a feel of security to users personal stuff it is important to filter the OSN wall for any unwanted message . But the questions Arises, how to filter the OSN wall with a facility provided of blocking unwanted messages on the user’s private wall. This can be gained through the flexible rule-based system which implements filtering criteria that can be customized by the user and a Machine Learning-based soft classifier which automatically labels messages in the support of content-based filtering . This paper consist of a literature survey paper of the existing system with proposed system as a technique to filter similar meaning words using Ontology along with the basic functionality to filter the OSN wall for unwanted message. In this paper a technique to build a social network with filtered message is elaborated.
Semantic Segmentation of Satellite Images using Deep Learning

Bidirectional in recent years, Deep learning performance in natural scene image processing has improved its use in remote sensing image analysis. In this paper, we used the semantic segmentation of remote sensing images for deep neural networks (DNN). To make it ideal for multi-target semantic segmentation of remote sensing image systems, we boost the Seg Net encoder-decoder CNN structures with index pooling & U-net. The findings reveal that the segmentation of various objects has its benefits and drawbacks for both models. Furthermore, we provide an integrated algorithm that incorporates two models. The test results indicate that the integrated algorithm proposed will take advantage of all multi-target segmentation models and obtain improved segmentation relative to two models.