Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Beam Domain Channel Model for B5G Massive MIMO Wireless Communication Systems

In this paper, a novel beam domain channel model (BDCM) is proposed for beyond fifth generation (B5G) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems. Different from conventional massive MIMO BDCMs which assumed the far-field plane wavefront effect, the proposed BDCM considers more realistic spherical wavefront caused by near-field effect. We transform a massive MIMO geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) from the antenna domain to the beam domain through specific algorithms to obtain the novel BDCM. The space-time-frequency correlations of both the GBSM and BDCM are studied, and the correlations for both models at the cluster level are similar. We also compare the quasi-stationary distance (QSD), computational complexity, and channel capacity for both models. Results show that in comparison to the GBSM, the novel BDCM has lower complexity and similar accuracy if the number of beams is sufficiently large. Furthermore, we compare the singular value spreads (SVSs) of both channel models with channel measurements under the same conditions. Both the novel BDCM and GBSM are close to the measurement. Through the above analysis, the novel BDCM is proved to be more convenient for information theory and signal processing researches than the conventional GBSMs.
Probing Decoherence in Plasmonic Waveguides in the Quantum Regime

We experimentally investigate the decoherence of single surface plasmon polaritons in metal stripe waveguides. In our study we use a Mach-Zehnder configuration previously considered for measuring decoherence in atomic, electronic and photonic systems. By placing waveguides of different length in one arm we are able to measure the amplitude damping time T_1 = 1.90 +/- 0.01 x 10^-14 s, pure phase damping time T_2^* = 11.19 +/- 4.89 x 10^-14 s and total phase damping time T_2 = 2.83 +/- 0.32 x 10^-14 s. We find that decoherence is mainly due to amplitude damping and thus loss arising from inelastic electron and photon scattering plays the most important role in the decoherence of plasmonic waveguides in the quantum regime. However, pure phase damping is not completely negligible. The results will be useful in the design of plasmonic waveguide systems for carrying out phase-sensitive quantum applications, such as quantum sensing. The probing techniques developed may also be applied to other plasmonic nanostructures, such as those used as nanoantennas, as unit cells in metamaterials and as nanotraps for cold atoms.
Entrepreneurship Competence Using Educational Hackathons in Finland

This article addresses the educational hackathon as an innovation pedagogy method for developing entrepreneurship competence. Specifically, it focuses on the design and execution of the hackathon. This study is based on the ideas that entrepreneurship competence can be learned and taught, and educational hackathons are a specific type of innovation contest, which as a practical method can be used to induce practical entrepreneurial experiences. The paper reports a case study in the teaching of a higher education institution. We present both the hackathon process description along with students' outcome according to Entrepreneurship Competence Framework, EntreComp, and feedback, that is, suggestions for developing the method. By presenting conclusions for both academic use and the practical design of hackathons in entrepreneurship education, the paper clarifies the literature of innovation pedagogy as an intertwined part of entrepreneurship education, as well as hackathons as a type of innovation pedagogy method for developing entrepreneurship competence in university-industry collaboration in Finland.
Non-Markovian Unruh Effect

We study memory effects as information backflow for an accelerating two-level detector weakly interacting with a scalar field in the Minkowski vacuum. This is the framework of the well-known Unruh effect: the detector behaves as if it were in a thermal bath with a temperature proportional to its acceleration. Here we show that, if we relax the usual assumption of an eternally uniformly accelerating system, and we instead consider the more realistic case in which a finite-size detector starts accelerating at a certain time, its dynamics may become non-Markovian. Our results are the first description of a relativistic quantum system in terms of information back-flow and non-Markovianity, and they show the existence of a direct link between the trajectory of the detector in Minkowski space and the presence or absence of memory effects.
The cumulative background of high energy neutrinos from starburst galaxies

We show that starburst galaxies efficiently convert cosmic rays into pions, which in turn decay into high energy neutrinos and photons. The cumulative background of GeV neutrinos is Eν2Φν ≈ 10−7 GeV cm−2 s−1 sr−1, and its extrapolation to higher neutrino energies depends on the energy spectrum of the injected cosmic rays, with Eν2Φν ∝ Eν- 0.15±0.1 up to Eν ∼ 0.3 PeV and possibly higher neutrino energies. This flux, which constitutes a lower limit to the high energy extra-Galactic neutrino flux, may be detectable with forthcoming kilometre-scale neutrino telescopes.
Controlling multimode optomechanical interactions via interference

We demonstrate optomechanical interference in a multimode system, in which an optical mode couples to two mechanical modes. A phase-dependent excitation-coupling approach is developed, which enables the observation of constructive and destructive optomechanical interferences. The destructive interference prevents the coupling of the mechanical system to the optical mode, suppressing optically-induced mechanical damping. These studies establish optomechanical interference as an essential tool for controlling the interactions between light and mechanical oscillators.
A theory based on the RPA to calculate the static structure factor for argon-like fluids using LIR equation of state

In this work, the random phase approximation theory is applied to generate an expression for the direct correlation function based on the linear isotherm regularity equation of state. We use the hard-core Yukawa potential in the modelling of real fluids, in which the molecular parameters are state-dependent. We use this model to predict the behaviour of the structure factor S(k) in a wide range of states for the argon, krypton and xenon liquids. Finally, we compare our results with the experimental and theoretical data available in the literature. Our calculations are capable of showing the behaviour of S(k) at a wide range of k values with good accuracy, as compared to the experimental data for simple fluids at near and far from their triple points. The Ornstein–Zernike behaviour of S(k) observed at the supercritical region was in satisfactory agreement with experiment.
Quantum complementarity of clocks in the context of general relativity

Clocks play a special role at the interface of general relativity and quantum mechanics. We analyze a clock-interferometry thought experiment and go on to theoretically derive and experimentally test a complementarity relation for quantum clocks in the context of the gravitational time lag. The effect of time lag is simulated using a magnetic gradient. We study this relation in detail and discuss its application to various types of quantum clocks.
Shedding Light on the Compton-thick Active Galactic Nucleus in the Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxy UGC 5101 with Broadband X-Ray Spectroscopy

We report the broadband X-ray spectra of the ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) UGC 5101 in the 0.25–100 keV band observed with the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and Chandra. A Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN) obscured with a hydrogen column density of cm−2 is detected above 10 keV. A spectral fit with a numerical torus model favors a large half-opening angle of the torus, °, suggesting that the covering fraction of material heavily obscuring the X-ray source is moderate. The intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity is determined to be erg s−1, which is times larger than the previous estimate using only data below 10 keV with a simple spectral model. We find that UGC 5101 shows the ratio between the [O iv] 26 μm line and 2–10 keV luminosities similar to those of normal Seyfert galaxies, along with other ULIRGs observed with NuSTAR, indicating that a significant portion of local ULIRGs are not really “X-ray faint” with respect to the flux of forbidden lines originating from the narrow-line region. We propose a possible scenario that (1) the AGN in UGC 5101 is surrounded not only by Compton-thick matter located close to the equatorial plane but also by Compton-thin ( cm−2) matter in the torus-hole region and (2) it is accreting at a high Eddington rate with a steep UV to X-ray spectral energy distribution. Nevertheless, we argue that AGNs in many ULIRGs do not look extraordinary (i.e., extremely X-ray faint), as suggested by recent works, compared with normal Seyferts.
Absence of a metallic phase in random-bond Ising models in two dimensions: applications to disordered superconductors and paired quantum Hall states

When the two-dimensional random-bond Ising model is represented as a noninteracting fermion problem, it has the same symmetries as an ensemble of random matrices known as class D. A nonlinear sigma model analysis of the latter in two dimensions has previously led to the prediction of a metallic phase, in which the fermion eigenstates at zero energy are extended. In this paper we argue that such behavior cannot occur in the random-bond Ising model, by showing that the Ising spin correlations in the metallic phase violate the bound on such correlations that results from the reality of the Ising couplings. Some types of disorder in spinless or spin-polarized p-wave superconductors and paired fractional quantum Hall states allow a mapping onto an Ising model with real but correlated bonds, and hence a metallic phase is not possible there either. It is further argued that vortex disorder, which is generic in the fractional quantum Hall applications, destroys the ordered or weak-pairing phase, in which nonabelian statistics is obtained in the pure case.
Kinetic magnetoelectric effect in a two-dimensional semiconductor strip due to boundary-confinement-induced spin-orbit coupling

In a thin strip of a two-dimensional semiconductor electronic system, spin-orbit coupling may be induced near both edges of the strip due to the substantial spatial variation of the confining potential in the boundary regions. In this paper we show that, in the presence of boundary-confinement induced spin-orbit coupling, a longitudinal charge current circulating through a 2D semiconductor strip may cause \textit{strong} non-equilibrium spin accumulation near both edges of the strip. The spins will be polarized along the normal of the 2DEG plane but in opposite directions at both edges of the strip. This phenomenon is essentially a kinetic magnetoelectric effect from the theoretical points of view, but it manifests in a very similar form as was conceived in a spin Hall effect.
Wildland Fire Detection and Monitoring Using a Drone-Collected RGB/IR Image Dataset

Current forest monitoring technologies including satellite remote sensing, manned/piloted aircraft, and observation towers leave uncertainties about a wildfire’s extent, behavior, and conditions in the fire’s near environment, particularly during its early growth. Rapid mapping and real-time fire monitoring can inform in-time intervention or management solutions to maximize beneficial fire outcomes. Drone systems’ unique features of 3D mobility, low flight altitude, and fast and easy deployment make them a valuable tool for early detection and assessment of wildland fires, especially in remote forests that are not easily accessible by ground vehicles. In addition, the lack of abundant, well-annotated aerial datasets – in part due to unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs’) flight restrictions during prescribed burns and wildfires – has limited research advances in reliable data-driven fire detection and modeling techniques. While existing wildland fire datasets often include either color or thermal fire images, here we present (1) a multi-modal UAV-collected dataset of dual-feed side-by-side videos including both RGB and thermal images of a prescribed fire in an open canopy pine forest in Northern Arizona and (2) a deep learning-based methodology for detecting fire and smoke pixels at accuracy much higher than the usual single-channel video feeds. The collected images are labeled to “fire” or “no-fire” frames by two human experts using side-by-side RGB and thermal images to determine the label. To provide context to the main dataset’s aerial imagery, the included supplementary dataset provides a georeferenced pre-burn point cloud, an RGB orthomosaic, weather information, a burn plan, and other burn information. By using and expanding on this guide dataset, research can develop new data-driven fire detection, fire segmentation, and fire modeling techniques.
Influence of an imposed flow on the stability of a gravity current in a near horizontal duct

We study experimentally the effect of a mean flow imposed on a buoyant exchange flow of two miscible fluids of equal viscosity in a long tube oriented close to horizontal. We measure the evolution of the front velocity Vf as a function of the imposed velocity V0. At low V0, an exchange-flow dominated regime is found, as expected, and is characterized here by Kelvin–Helmholtz-like instabilities. With increasing V0 we observed that the flow becomes stable. Here also Vf increases linearly with V0 with slope of >1. At large V0 we find Vf∼V0.
Childhood neglect is associated with low affect and high stress in habitual alcohol drinkers.

Objective Adverse childhood experiences, ranging from childhood trauma to neglect or mistreatment, show associations with alcohol dependence in adulthood. Alcohol researchers have not yet clearly demonstrated the potential impact of childhood maltreatment on everyday drinking in alcohol consumers who do not have an alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study examined whether a history of childhood neglect results in differential ratings of stress, affect, and desire to drink, during typical alcohol consumption in moderate to heavy drinkers without an AUD. Methods The parent study from which these analyses were generated recruited overall healthy, albeit moderate to heavy alcohol users who fell above National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) classifications for low-risk drinking. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) responses were collected, and real-time surveys were collected in participants' natural environments approximately every three hours between 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. using iPhones equipped with a study-created application probing stress, affect, and desire for alcohol, while participants followed their typical drinking routine (3 days) and during a brief period of imposed abstinence (3 days). Results Thirty-six participants averaging 41 years of age and consuming an average of 17 (±5) drinks per week participated in this study. CTQ responses showed low prevalence of childhood abuse, but moderate to high emotional (M = 17.39, SD = 6.77) and physical neglect (M = 11.11, SD = 3.31) scores. Multilevel modeling revealed significantly higher stress and lower affect ratings among participants reporting higher physical neglect. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol. A significant interaction showed that as childhood physical neglect ratings increased, the benefits observed following drinking (of decreased stress, and increased affect and desire for alcohol) were reduced. Conclusions These results suggest that moderate to heavy healthy daily drinkers with histories of greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, with smaller improvement experienced from drinking alcohol. Among moderate to heavy daily drinkers without an AUD, those with greater childhood physical neglect experience poorer mood and higher stress on a daily basis, and have smaller improvements in stress, affect and desire while/following drinking alcohol than those with less childhood physical neglect.
Rapid Oscillations in Cataclysmic Variables. XV. HT Camelopardalis (=RX J0757.0+6306)

We present photometry and spectroscopy of HT Camelopardalis, a recently discovered X‐ray–bright cataclysmic variable. The spectrum shows bright lines of H, He i, and He ii, all moving with a period of 0.059712(1) days, which we interpret as the orbital period. The star’s brightness varies with a strict period of 515.0592(2) s and a mean full amplitude of 0.11 mag. These properties qualify it as a bona fide DQ Herculis star (intermediate polar), in which the magnetism of the rapidly rotating white dwarf channels accretion flow to the surface. Normally at V = 17.8, the star shows rare and very brief outbursts to V = 12–13. We observed one in 2001 December and found that the 515 s pulse amplitude had increased by a factor of ∼100 (in flux units). A transient orbital signal may have appeared as well.
Heat flows inferred from a Parker's-like formula for stable or quasi-stable continents

Surface heat flow is a key parameter for the geothermal structure, rheology, and hence the dynamics of continents. However, the coverage of heat flow measurements is still poor in many continental areas. By transforming the stable nonlinear heat conduction equation into a Poisson's one, we develop a method to infer surface heat flow for a stable or quasi-stable continent from a Parker's-like formula. This formula provides the relationship between the Fourier transform of surface heat flow and the sum of the Fourier transform of the powers of geometry for the heat production (HP) interface in the continental lithosphere. Once the interface geometry is known, one to three dimensional distribution of the surface heat flow can be calculated accurately by this formula. As a case study, we estimate the three-dimensional surface heat flows for the Ordos geological block and its adjacent areas in China on a $1^\circ \times 1^\circ$ grid based on a simple layered constant HP model. Comparing to the measurements, most relative errors of the heat flows inferred are less than 20\%, showing this method is a favorable way to estimate surface heat flow for stable or quasi-stable continental regions where measurements are rare or absent.
The Effect and Safety of Xuefu Zhuoyue Prescription for Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Background In China, the traditional Chinese medicine compound Xuefu Zhuoyue prescription (XFZY) has been widely used in the therapy of coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently, several systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses (MAs) of XFZY for the treatment of CHD have been published. This overview aims to evaluate the existing SRs/MAs and provide a scientific basis for evaluating the efficacy and safety of XFZY for the therapy of CHD. Methods The SRs/MAs of XFZY for the treatment of CHD were obtained from 7 electronic databases with the search date set at March 7, 2022. Two researchers independently assessed the methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of the included SRs/MAs using the following tools: the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020), and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results A total of 11 SRs/MAs were included in this overview. All SRs/MAs assessed by means of AMSTAR-2 had more than one critical defect, so all SRs/MAs were rated low. Regarding the assessment of reporting quality, the results of PRISMA 2020 showed that none of the SRs/MAs were fully reported. In addition, the results of the GRADE assessment of the quality of evidence indicated that only one outcome was rated as high quality across all SRs/MAs. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that XFZY is effective and safe for the management of patients with CHD. However, the high risk of bias of the original clinical studies and the low quality of the SRs/MAs reduced the reliability of the results.
Effective electron-phonon coupling and polaronic transition in the presence of strong correlation

We study the Hubbard-Holstein model using slave-boson mean-field and a variation al Lang-Firsov transformation. We identify weak and strong e-ph coupling solutions, whose stability depends both on the bare e-ph coupling and on the correlation strength. At mean field level the evolution from weak to strong electron-phonon coupling occurs via a first-order polaronic transition if the adiabatic parameter is below a critical value. In the strongly correlated regime and in the adiabatic limit, the region in which the weak-coupling solution is stable is sizeably enlarged with respect to the weakly correlated system and the Mott metal-insulator transition is found to be robust with respect to e-ph interaction.
Time-Averaged Hematuria as a Prognostic Indicator of Renal Outcome in Patients with IgA Nephropathy

We aim to investigate the association of time-averaged hematuria (TA-hematuria) with the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Based on TA-hematuria during follow-up, 152 patients with IgAN were divided into a hematuria remission group (≤28 red blood cells [RBCs]/μL) and a persistent hematuria group (>28 RBCs/μL). The persistent hematuria group had a higher percentage of patients with macroscopic hematuria, lower levels of hemoglobin and TA-serum albumin, and more severe renal pathologic lesions. The composite endpoint is defined as a doubling of the baseline SCr level (D-SCr), or the presence of ESRD. During the mean follow-up of 58.08 ± 23.51 months, 15 patients (9.9%) reached the primary outcome of ESRD and 19 patients (12.5%) reached the combined renal endpoint. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the persistent hematuria group had a lower renal survival rate. The persistent hematuria patients who were incorporated with proteinuria (≥1.0 g/day) and low TA-serum albumin (<40 g/L) had the worst renal outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that TA-hematuria (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.008; p = 0.010) was independently associated with the progression of IgAN. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated the optimal TA-hematuria cutoff value for predicting the progression of IgAN was 201.21 RBCs/μL in females and 37.25 RBCs/μL in males.
LMC S154: the first Magellanic symbiotic recurrent nova

Classical nova outburst has been suggested for a number of extragalactic symbiotic stars, but in none of the systems has it been proven. In this work we study the nature of one of these systems, LMC S154. We gathered archival photometric observations in order to determine the timescales and nature of variability in this system. Additionally we carried out photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the system and fitted synthetic spectra to the observations. Carbon abundance in the photosphere of the red giant is significantly higher than that derived for the nebula, which confirms pollution of the circumbinary material by the ejecta from nova outburst. The photometric and spectroscopic data show that the system reached quiescence in 2009, which means that for the first time all of the phases of a nova outburst were observed in an extragalactic symbiotic star. The data indicate that most probably there were three outbursts observed in LMC S154, which would make this system a member of a rare class of symbiotic recurrent novae. The recurrent nature of the system is supported by the discovery of coronal lines in the spectra, which are observed only in symbiotic stars with massive white dwarfs and with short-recurrence-time outbursts. Gathered evidence is sufficient to classify LMC S154 as the first bona fide extragalactic symbiotic nova, which is likely a recurrent nova. It is also the first nova with a carbon-rich donor.