Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of the ECMWF Model to the Parameterization of Evaporation from the Tropical Oceans

Abstract Stimulated by the results of a simple SST anomaly experiment with the ECMWF forecast model, a study was carried out to examine the model parameterization of evaporation from the tropica] oceans. In earlier versions of the model, these fluxes were parameterized with neutral transfer coefficients in accordance with the Charnock relation with equal coefficients for momentum, heat, and moisture. Stability correction was applied using Monin-Obukhov theory. This parameterization resulted in an extremely weak coupling between atmosphere and ocean at wind speeds below 5 m s−1. The transfer coefficients for heat and moisture have now been modified for low wind speeds to bring them in accordance with the empirical scaling law for free convedion. It is shown that these revisions to the transfer coefficients at very low wind speeds (<5 m s1) have a dramatic positive impact on almost all aspects of the model's simulation of the tropics. These include much improved seasonal rainfall distributions (with the vir.
Use of the Tellus geochemical dataset to map areas where sewage sludge can be disposed of in Northern Ireland

Sewage sludge has a fertilising value when applied to agricultural land or forest. However, due to the presence of potentially toxic heavy metals in the sludge, disposal of sewage sludge on agricultural soils in Northern Ireland is subject to an EU directive to protect animal and human health. The Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1990 implement the European Communities Council Directive No. 86/278/EEC (OJ No. L181/6) on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture. Over the period 2004-2006, the Tellus Project measured and assessed the environmental well-being of Northern Ireland using modern mapping techniques. There were two aspects to the project, one a geochemical survey, the other geophysical. The geochemical data from the survey were used to map areas of the province where sewage sludge should not be spread.
Mapping conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and dielectric permittivity with helicopter electromagnetic data

Summary Both magnetic susceptibility and dielectric permittivity affect frequency-domain electromagnetic data. These geological parameters can be derived from multi-frequency EM data, and contain information about the geology in addition to the traditional electrical conductivity and total magnetic field maps. The effect of magnetic susceptibility is most often apparent as negative values in the low-frequency, in-phase component of the data, even over rocks of moderate magnetite content. Dielectric permittivity of the range common in geology is most often seen as negative in-phase values at high frequencies in resistive terrain. “Normal” resistivity calculations, which do not account for the effect of parameters other than conductivity will produce erroneously high apparent resistivities – particularly in areas of high resistivity. Wellcalibrated, multi-frequency data can be processed using multiparameter SVD inversions to derive all three parameters. Magnetic susceptibility can be further processed to derive maps of apparent percent magnetite content. An example of data from the Slave Geological Province of northern Canada, processed for all three rock parameters demonstrates the useful information that can be derived from these data sets.
Guidance for representing uncertainty on global temperature change maps

Uncertainty in the spatial distribution of projected climate changes can be represented along with the magnitudes of those changes using coincident‐bivariate maps. While these maps are popular in climate change assessment reports, limited empirical research has tested which combinations of colour (including variation in the visual variables of hue, lightness, and saturation) and pattern (including variation in the visual variables of size, shape, spacing, orientation, and arrangement) are best suited to mapping projected changes coincident with uncertainty. We evaluate eight coincident‐bivariate techniques for mapping global temperature (CMIP5 ensemble using RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios) and its uncertainty, each using 20‐classes: five temperature change classes combined with four uncertainty classes. Subjects ranked rectangular map regions by overall amounts of temperature change and uncertainty; response accuracy was evaluated using Kendall's Tau Distance. Maps using colour for representing temperature change and pattern for uncertainty appear most suitable for retaining separability of temperature and uncertainty information. Spot symbols for uncertainty (combining arrangement and lightness) overlaid on hue/lightness for temperature performed best for uncertainty ranking, second best for temperature ranking, and were map users' preferred representation. If colour alone must be used for both variables, then a classed overlay of lightness/saturation differences for uncertainty with hue/lightness for temperature change was preferred; such maps were strong performers on the uncertainty‐ranking task but interfered with map users' ability to rank temperature change. Such a masking approach may be the best choice if the goal is to actively prevent map users from making erroneous inferences based on highly uncertain model output for climate change.
Device-detected subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias

Gorenek, Bulent; Bax, Jeroen; Boriani, Giuseppe; Chen, Shih-Ann; Dagres, Nikolaos; Glotzer, Taya V; Healey, Jeff S; Israel, Carsten W; Kudaiberdieva, Gulmira; Levin, Lars-Åke; Lip, Gregory Y.H. ; Martin, David; Okumura, Ken; Svendsen, Jesper H; Tse, Hung-Fat; Botto, Giovanni L; Linde, Cecilia; Kutyifa, Valentina; Bernat, Robert; Scherr, Daniel; Lau, Chu-Pak; Iturralde, Pedro; P Morin, Daniel; Savelieva, Irina; Document Reviewers: Christian Sticherling (Reviewer Coordinator)
Multiresolution forecasting for futures trading using wavelet decompositions

We investigate the effectiveness of a financial time-series forecasting strategy which exploits the multiresolution property of the wavelet transform. A financial series is decomposed into an over complete, shift invariant scale-related representation. In transform space, each individual wavelet series is modeled by a separate multilayer perceptron (MLP). We apply the Bayesian method of automatic relevance determination to choose short past windows (short-term history) for the inputs to the MLPs at lower scales and long past windows (long-term history) at higher scales. To form the overall forecast, the individual forecasts are then recombined by the linear reconstruction property of the inverse transform with the chosen autocorrelation shell representation, or by another perceptron which learns the weight of each scale in the prediction of the original time series. The forecast results are then passed to a money management system to generate trades.
Impact of the estimated glomerular filtration rate on long-term mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis visiting the emergency department

Background The association between renal function and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis remains unclear. We aimed to identify the impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis visiting the emergency department (ED). Methods This retrospective study included patients aged ≥18 years admitted to the ED between 2016 and 2019 for hypertensive crisis (systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg). They were classified into four groups according to the eGFR at admission to the ED: ≥90, 60–89, 30–59, and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results Among the 4,821 patients, 46.7% and 5.8% had an eGFR of ≥90 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Patients with lower eGFR were older and more likely to have comorbidities. The 3-year all-cause mortality rates were 7.7% and 41.9% in those with an eGFR ≥90 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, those with an eGFR of 30–59 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47–2.54) and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.71–3.24) had significantly higher 3-year all-cause mortality risks than those with an eGFR of ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients with an eGFR of 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2 had a higher mortality (21.1%) than those with an eGFR of ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (7.7%); however, the difference was not significant (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.94–1.56). Conclusions Renal impairment is common in patients with hypertensive crisis who visit the ED. A strong independent association was observed between decreased eGFR and all-cause mortality in these patients. eGFR provides useful prognostic information and permits the early identification of patients with hypertensive crisis with an increased mortality risk. Intensive treatment and follow-up strategies are needed for patients with a decreased eGFR who visit the ED.
MicroRNA-655 attenuates the malignant biological behaviours of retinoblastoma cells by directly targeting PAX6 and suppressing the ERK and p38 MAPK signalling pathways.

Numerous studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate signalling molecules by acting as oncogenes or tumour-suppressor genes in retinoblastoma (RB). Therefore, investigation of the expression pattern, biological roles and associated mechanisms of cancer-related miRNAs in RB may provide novel therapeutic targets for patients with this disease. miRNA-655 (miR-655) has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. However, the expression pattern, detailed biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR-655 in RB remain to be clarified. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to detect miR-655 in RB, investigate its biological roles in RB and determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results of the present study showed that miR-655 was significantly downregulated in RB tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-655 inhibited the proliferation and invasion ability while it increased the apoptosis of RB cells. Additionally, paired box 6 (PAX6) was identified as a direct target of miR-655 in RB. Furthermore, PAX6 was highly expressed in RB tissues and was negatively correlated with miR-655 expression. PAX6 knockdown recapitulated effects similar to those observed following miR-655 overexpression regarding the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of RB cells. Rescue experiments demonstrated that restoration of PAX6 expression reversed the tumour-suppressing roles of miR-655 in RB cells. Moreover, upregulation of miR-655 reduced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in RB cells through PAX6 regulation. Therefore, restoration of miR-655 expression may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating patients with RB in the future.
Kleptoplastidic benthic foraminifera from aphotic habitats: Insights into assimilation of inorganic C, N, and S studied with sub-cellular resolution: N and S uptake by kleptoplastidic foraminifera

The assimilation of inorganic compounds in foraminiferal metabolism compared to predation or organic matter assimilation is unknown. Here we investigate possible inorganic‐compound assimilation in Nonionellina labradorica, a common kleptoplastidic benthic foraminifer from Arctic and North Atlantic sublittoral regions. The objectives were to identify the source of the foraminiferal kleptoplasts, assess their photosynthetic functionality in light and darkness, and investigate inorganic nitrogen and sulfate assimilation. We used DNA barcoding of a ~830 bp fragment from the SSU rDNA to identify the kleptoplasts, and correlated transmission electron microscopy and nanometer‐scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (TEM‐NanoSIMS) isotopic imaging to study 13C‐bicarbonate, 15N‐ammonium, and 34S‐sulfate uptake. In addition, respiration rate measurements were determined to assess the response of N. labradorica to light. The DNA sequences established that over 80% of the kleptoplasts belonged to Thalassiosira (with 96‐99% identity), a cosmopolitan planktonic diatom. TEM‐NanoSIMS imaging revealed degraded cytoplasm and an absence of 13C assimilation in foraminifera exposed to light. Oxygen measurements showed higher respiration rates under light than dark conditions, and no O2 production was detected. These results indicate that the photosynthetic pathways in N. labradorica are not functional. Furthermore, N. labradorica assimilated both 15N‐ammonium and 34S‐sulfate into its cytoplasm, which suggests that foraminifera might have several ammonium or sulfate assimilation
Carbon in primitive interplanetary dust particles

Currently, one of the best sources of information regarding the nature and formation of carbonaceous materials in the early solar system comes from studies of primitive interplanetary dust particles (IDP's). Carbon is a significant component of most IDP's, and the nature of the C-rich phases bears on the chemical and physical processes that have affected C from its nucleosynthesis to its incorporation into primitive solar system bodies. We review the data regarding C in IDP's since approximately 1987. Brownlee summarized the state of C in IDP's in a workshop help at ARC in 1987; other recent reviews have summarized the formation mechanisms that have been proposed for carbonaceous materials in primitive solar system materials. We discuss the abundance of C in IDP's, the nature and distribution of C, and topics and strategies for future work.
membrane, Heparan sulfates, Integrin, Growth, Diabetes insipidus, Mouse Renal collecting system growth and

correspondence (yurchenc@umdnj.edu) Accepted 10 August 2011 SUMMARY In order to understand the functions of laminins in the renal collecting system, the Lamc1 gene was inactivated in the developing mouse ureteric bud (UB). Embryos bearing null alleles exhibited laminin deficiency prior to mesenchymal tubular induction and either failed to develop a UB with involution of the mesenchyme, or developed small kidneys with decreased proliferation and branching, delayed renal vesicle formation and postnatal emergence of a water transport deficit. Embryonic day 12.5 kidneys revealed an almost complete absence of basement membrane proteins and reduced levels of  6 integrin and FGF2. mRNA levels for fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and mediators of the GDNF/RET and WNT11 signaling pathway were also decreased. Furthermore, collecting duct cells derived from laminin-deficient kidneys and grown in collagen gels were found to proliferate and branch slowly. The laminin-deficient cells exhibited decreased activation of growth factor- and integrin-dependent pathways, whereas heparin lyase-treated and  1 integrin-null cells exhibited more selective decreases. Collectively, these data support a requirement of g 1 laminins for assembly of the collecting duct system basement membrane, in which immobilized ligands act as solid-phase agonists to
S-acylation regulates the trafficking and stability of the unconventional Q-SNARE STX19

The Q-SNARE STX19 is S-acylated by Golgi localised S-acyltransferases and this lipidation targets the protein to MICAL-L1-positive tubular recycling endosomes and also protects it from proteasomal degradation. ABSTRACT STX19 is an unusual Q a -SNARE as it lacks a C-terminal transmembrane domain. However, it is efficiently targeted to post-Golgi membranes. We have set out to determine the intracellular localisation of endogenous STX19 and elucidate the mechanism by which it is targeted to membranes. We have found that a pool of STX19 is localised to tubular recycling endosomes where it co-localises with MICAL-L1 and Rab8. Using a combination of genetic, biochemical and cell based approaches we have identified that STX19 is S-acylated at its C-terminus and is a substrate for several Golgi localised S-acyltransferases, suggesting that STX19 is initially S-acylated at the Golgi before trafficking to the plasma membrane and endosomes. Surprisingly, we have found that S-acylation is a key determinant in targeting STX19 to tubular recycling endosomes, suggesting that S-acylation may play a general role in directing proteins to this compartment. In addition, S-acylation also protects STX19 from proteosomal degradation indicating that S-acylation regulates the function of STX19 at multiple levels.
IMPLEMENTASI PENGINDERAAN JAUH DAN SIG UNTUK INVENTARISASI DAERAH RAWAN BENCANA LONGSOR (PROPINSI LAMPUNG)

Landslide is a phenomena of nature that is very potential to cause damage and the loss human life or material, although the loss is temporarily but the degraded land in the long run affects the lives of the local community. Therefore, to anticipate the occurance with mare casualties, thus a research to inventory potential landslide hazard is necessary to carry out. The implemanted model to detemine region of landslide hazard is Indeks Storie Model approach by implementing remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS). Based on the analysis result, Lampung Provice have 5 stages of landslide hazard namely : very high, high, medium low and very low, with result of weight values between 0.001-1.68. Generally, Lampung province is quite safe against landslide, while region predicted as landslide hazard are found in 3 district which are West Lampung Regency, Tanggamus and some in North Lampung Regency.
Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

A large percentage of the world’s population speaks a language of the Indian subcontinent, what we will call here Indic languages, comprising languages from both Indo-European (e.g., Hindi, Bangla, Gujarati, etc.) and Dravidian (e.g., Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, etc.) families, upwards of 1.5 Billion people. A universal characteristic of Indic languages is their complex morphology, which, when combined with the general lack of sufficient quantities of high quality parallel data, can make developing machine translation (MT) for these languages difficult. In this paper, we describe our efforts towards developing general domain English–Bangla MT systems which are deployable to the Web. We initially developed and deployed SMTbased systems, but over time migrated to NMT-based systems. Our initial SMTbased systems had reasonably good BLEU scores, however, using NMT systems, we have gained significant improvement over SMT baselines. This is achieved using a number of ideas to boost the data store and counter data sparsity: crowd translation of intelligently selected monolingual data (throughput enhanced by an IME (Input Method Editor) designed specifically for QWERTY keyboard entry for Devanagari scripted languages), back-translation, different regularization techniques, dataset augmentation and early stopping. c © 2018 The authors. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 licence, no derivative works, attribution, CCBY-ND.
Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation

We present an approach to interactivepredictive neural machine translation that attempts to reduce human effort from three directions: Firstly, instead of requiring humans to select, correct, or delete segments, we employ the idea of learning from human reinforcements in form of judgments on the quality of partial translations. Secondly, human effort is further reduced by using the entropy of word predictions as uncertainty criterion to trigger feedback requests. Lastly, online updates of the model parameters after every interaction allow the model to adapt quickly. We show in simulation experiments that reward signals on partial translations significantly improve character F-score and BLEU compared to feedback on full translations only, while human effort can be reduced to an average number of 5 feedback requests for every input.
Antifungal Activity of Isothiocyanates and Related Compounds: III. Derivatives of Diphenyl, Stilbene, Azobenzene, and Several Polycondensed Aromatic Hydrocarbons

This paper presents the results of a study on the antifungal activity of isothiocyanates—derivatives of biphenyl (group “A”), of stilbene (“B”), of azobenzene and benzeneazonaphthalene (“C”), of naphthalene (“D”), and of further polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons (“E”). From a total of 48 investigated compounds, antifungal activity was observed only in A and D group compounds. B, C, and E group derivatives are extremely insoluble in water, and the molecules are very large; as a result, they probably cannot pass into spores or mycelium of fungi. Thus, the —NCS group cannot manifest its reactivity.
Deep draft icebergs from the Barents Ice Sheet during MIS 6 are consistent with erosional evidence from the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic

Iceberg scour marks on the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic imply that bergs with drafts exceeding 850 m once existed in the Arctic, whereas similar erosion patterns observed on the Yermak Plateau suggest that some of these deep‐keeled icebergs exited the Arctic through the Fram Strait into the Nordic Seas. An intermediate complexity climate model with a dynamic and thermodynamic iceberg model is used to simulate the collapse of the Barents Ice Sheet during MIS 6 with the purpose of investigating if deep‐draft “mega”‐icebergs can reach and ground on the Lomonosov Ridge. A number of simulations with different iceberg sizes show that deep‐draft bergs seeded from near the Franz Victoria Trough could indeed have reached the Ridge, whereas other bergs crossed the Yermak Plateau and exited through the Fram Strait. The draft of the bergs mainly determines the trajectory, with only minor influence from the mass, and length and width of the bergs. This work is consistent with previous speculation that these icebergs originated from the disintegration of the Barents Ice Sheet during Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6; 140 ka BP), but suggests their origin was more likely to be from the western, rather than eastern, major ice stream of that ice sheet. The long‐term impact on the overturning circulation from melting icebergs is more severe than that from a freshwater pulse of equivalent magnitude, and a correct representation of icebergs in paleoclimate models is therefore of importance.
High-pressure granulites at the dawn of the Proterozoic

ABSTRACTHigh-pressure metamorphism is uncommon in the ancient geo-logical record. Kanja Malai, in the Salem crustal block (southern India), contains high-pressure kyanite-garnet − bearing felsic granu-lites that equilibrated at 14–16 kbar and ~820–860 °C. Laser abla-tion − inductively coupled plasma − mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon and in situ monazite geochronology indicate that these assemblages grew ca. 2490 Ma. These pressure-temperature-time constraints pro-vide a rare record indicating that thickened crust and low apparent thermal gradient conditions existed during the Archean-Proterozoic transition, a period of Earth history for which the rock record com-monly preserves evidence for comparatively high apparent thermal gradients. The thermal regimes required to generate these metamor-phic conditions are typical of collisional orogenesis, and suggest that the continental lithosphere was capable of supporting crustal thick-ening to ≥ 45–50 km. Such crustal thickening provides supporting evi-dence that tectonic regimes similar to modern Earth–style tectonics were in operation at the Archean-Proterozoic transition.INTRODUCTION