Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in Asthma Management

Objectives To evaluate the clinical utility and diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in people age 5 years and older with asthma; and the ability of FeNO measured at age 4 years or younger to predict a future diagnosis of asthma. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Databases, and SciVerse Scopus, references lists, trials registries, and grey literature sources. Review methods We searched from databases’ inception to April 2017 for studies enrolling patients with or suspected to have asthma that evaluated the diagnosis or clinical utility of FeNO. We included randomized and nonrandomized comparative studies. Results We included 175 studies. In adults (>18) and children (ages 5–18), 43 studies showed that FeNO results increased the odds of correctly diagnosing asthma between 5.85 and16.95 fold. Using FeNO cutoffs of Conclusions This systematic review provides the diagnostic accuracy measures of FeNO in people ages 5 years and older. Test performance is modestly better in steroid-naive asthmatics, children, and nonsmokers than the general population with suspected asthma. Algorithms that include FeNO measurements can help in monitoring response to anti-inflammatory, or long-term control medications, including dose titration, weaning, and treatment adherence. At this time, evidence is insufficient to support the measurement of FeNO in children under the age of 5 as a means for predicting a future diagnosis of asthma.
Complex Oxides for Computing Beyond von Neumann

Spintronics-based nonvolatile components in neuromorphic circuits offer the possibility of realising novel functionalities at low power. Current-controlled electrical switching of magnetisation is actively researched in this context. Complex oxide heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), consisting of SrRuO 3 (SRO) grown on SrTiO 3 (STO) are strong material contenders. Utilising the crystal orientation, magnetic anisotropy in such simple heterostructures can be tuned to either exhibit a perfect or slightly tilted PMA. Here, we investigate current-induced magnetisation modulation in such tailored ferromagnetic layers with a material with strong spin-orbit coupling (Pt), exploiting the spin Hall effect. We find significant differences in the magnetic anisotropy between the SRO/STO heterostructures, as manifested in the first and second harmonic magnetoresistance measurements. Current-induced magnetisation switching can be re-alised with spin-orbit torques, but for systems with perfect PMA this switching is probabilistic as a result of the high symmetry. Slight tilting of the PMA can break this symmetry and allow the realisation of deterministic switching. Control over the magnetic anisotropy of our heterostructures, therefore, provides control over the manner of switching. Based on our findings, we propose a three-terminal spintronic memristor, with a magnetic tunnel junction design, that shows several resistive states controlled by electric charge. Non-volatile states can be written through SOT by applying an in-plane current, and read out as a tunnel current by applying a small out-of-plane current. Depending on the anisotropy of the SRO layer, the writing mechanism is either deterministic or probabilistic allowing for different functionalities to emerge. We envisage that the probabilistic MTJs could be used as synapses while the deterministic devices can emulate neurons.
The Political Origins of Primary Education Systems: Ideology, Institutions, and Interdenominational Conﬂict in an Era of Nation-Building

T his paper is concerned with the development of national primary education regimes in Europe, North America, Latin America, Oceania, and Japan between 1870 and 1939. We examine why school systems varied between countries and over time, concentrating on three institutional dimensions: centralization, secularization, and subsidization. There were two paths to centralization: through liberal and social democratic governments in democracies, or through fascist and conservative parties in autocracies. We ﬁnd that the secularization of public school systems can be explained by path-dependent state-church relationships (countries with established national churches were less likely to have secularized education systems) but also by partisan politics. Finally, we ﬁnd that the provision of public funding to private providers of education, especially to private religious schools, can be seen as a solution to religious conﬂict, since such institutions were most common in countries where Catholicism was a signiﬁcant but not entirely dominant religion.
Towards Enforcing Good Digital Citizenship: Identifying Opportunities for Adolescent Online Safety Nudges

With the prevalence of risks encountered by youth online, strength-based approaches such as nudges have been recommended as potential solutions to guide teens toward safer decisions. However, most nudging interventions to date have not been designed to cater to teens’ unique needs and online safety concerns. To address this gap, this study provided a comprehensive view of adolescents’ feedback on online safety nudges to inform the design of more effective online safety interventions. We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus group sessions with 21 teens (13 – 17 years old) via Zoom to get their feedback on three types of nudge designs from two opposing perspectives (i.e., risk victim and perpetrator) and for two different online risks (i.e., Information Breaches and Cyberbullying). Based on the teens’ responses, they expressed a desire that nudges need to move beyond solely warning the user to providing a clear and effective action to take in response to the risk. They also identified key differences that affect the perception of nudges in effectively addressing an online risk, they include age, risk medium, risk awareness, and perceived risk severity. Finally, the teens identified several challenges with nudges such as them being easy to ignore, disruptive, untimely, and possibly escalating the risk. To address these, teens recommended clearer and contextualized warnings, risk prevention, and nudge personalization as solutions to ensure effective nudging. Overall, we recommend online safety nudges be designed for victim guidance while providing autonomy to control their experiences, and to ensure accountability and prevention of risk perpetrators to restrict them from causing harm.
Detailed projected area data for the human body

A photographic technique was used in this study to measure the projected area of the body. Projected area data for the whole body and for individual body segments are presented. Measurements were made at altitude angles ranging from {minus}90 to +90{degree} and for azimuth angles ranging from 0 to 180{degree}. Values for azimuth angles ranging from 180 to 360{degree} were obtained through left-right symmetry. These data, along with the right-left symmetry of the human body, allow estimation of the projected area from any angle for any segment of the body. Data were also collected for the clothed body using 13 different indoor clothing ensembles. Examples are given showing how these data may be used to calculate the impact of radiant heat from a given source on heat loss from the body. Comparisons are made between calculations including local variations. The uniform body calculations are shown to underestimate the impact of radiant heat from some sources by more than a factor of two.
Developing democracy and citizenship with literary texts about the First World War

This article reports on an empirical study that explores the interdisciplinary learning potential of literary texts about the First World War in the English classroom. In a 9th grade English class in Norway, learners responded to an illustrated book, two poems, and an excerpt from a novel about the war in learner-led group conversations structured by frameworks. The questions in the frameworks encouraged the learners to move from the particularity of the texts towards issues of the interdisciplinary topic of democracy and citizenship in the Norwegian national curriculum LK20. The theoretical position in this article builds on historical literacy, understood as historical awareness, critical historical thinking, and affective responses to texts about history. The texts offer opportunities for historical and interdisciplinary engagement, thus providing possibilities for developing aspects of historical literacy. Emphasising historical content through scaffolding may be beneficial for developing learners’ critical historical thinking and a deeper historical awareness. Encountering learners’ affective dimensions of historical literacy, individual responses might provide further insight.
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic DASS-21 Scale

The current study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Arabic DASS-21 questionnaire. A large-scale cross-sectional study of the Arabic adaptation of the DASS-21 scores. The participants (n= 1235) came from a variety of backgrounds. Overall, the reliability coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha, for the gross DASS- 21 score, was 0.94 (95% confidence interval CI between 0.93 and 0.94), indicative of excellent internal consistency. The three- factor model fitted acceptably for the full 21- item dataset. Nonetheless, some items were noted to load onto different factors to their original structure. Our study gives evidence of the excellent reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the Arabic adaptation of DASS- 21. We also confirm the acceptability of the current three- factor composition for the DASS- 21 in its Arabic version. We may conclude that, in its current format, Arabic DASS- 21 can be used in many public and secondary health settings to detect depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.
Modeling long-term deformations of unbound pavement materials using the miniaturized pressuremeter creep data

This research was undertaken to study the predictive capability of the pressuremeter test for characterizing in situ creep behavior of unbound pavement layers. Although the creep potential of granular pavement materials is less pronounced than fine-grained soils, consideration of actual creep deformations in the pavement evaluation process will improve long-term pavement performance. In this investigation, the long-term deformations determined from laboratory one-dimensional creep tests were compared with those investigated by field pressuremeter tests. The pressuremeter test consisted of inflating a cylindrical probe incrementally up to a given stress level, and then maintaining the pressure constant for a 5-min single stage. During this stage, radial deformations of the soil cavity were recorded at each 30-s interval. The one-dimensional creep test was performed on remolded soil specimens through applying a constant stress level for 7 days. Comparison of creep parameters deduced from pressuremeter and creep tests data was based on the Singh–Mitchell creep model. The results showed that the average strain rates derived from in situ pressuremeter data are valid, and compare well with those predicted from the laboratory creep test. Thus, the pressuremeter device can be employed to assess field strain–time behavior of pavement systems in a fast and reliable approach.
Flame image recognition detection based on improved YOLOv7

To solve the problems of complex flame features and flame image detection being easily infected by the surrounding environment, a real-time flame detection algorithm based on YOLOv7 is proposed by using target detection algorithm to detect flame. By using the K-Means clustering algorithm, we adjust the dimensions of the priori frame for the features of the flame, reduce the learning of unnecessary features in the model by the loss function of MPDIoU, introduce the attention mechanism of the ECA to enhance the channel and spatial perception of the model and increase the speed and reduce the memory with DSConv. The results show that the improved YOLOv7 target detection algorithm has higher detection accuracy for flame smoke detection.
Can Sediment Removal During Shrimp Production in the Wet Season Improve Pond Conditions of the Improved Extensive Shrimp System in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam?

Removing accumulated shrimp pond sediment is one of the most common management practices in shrimp aquaculture. In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, the improved extensive shrimp farmers remove pond sediment when they observe abnormalities in their ponds (e.g. shrimp mortality, excessive algal development, foul smell, or too much turbidity). This on-farm study examines whether removing pond sediment in the wet season during shrimp production improves pond conditions. Sampling took place twice during shrimp production in six experimental ponds (bottom sediment was manually removed after the first sampling) and three control ponds (bottom sediment remained undisturbed). Results showed that sediment removal did not improve pond water conditions. The organic loadings of the pond bottom remained unchanged while macrozoobenthos density, species richness, diversity and evenness of the aquatic community were not affected. Only a small increase in redox potential of the pond sediment (p<0.01) was recorded. It is strongly recommended that farmers do not remove pond sediment in the improved extensive shrimp system under the defined conditions.
Smart Plant Monitoring and Controlling System for Greenhouse Application Using IoT

This work provides an IoT-based plant monitoring system for avoiding over-exploitation of resources, ensuring compact design with easy installation and the best environment for the plants to grow. This type of agricultural monitoring system provides environmental monitoring services that help the crop grow in good shape. The system offers the service of storing a database about the environment and soil information acquired from a wireless sensor network deployed in the planted area. Furthermore, it enables users to track environmental data regarding planted crops in real-time using any Internet-enabled device. Our project introduces automatic sunlight prevention and soil moisture control based on data received from the moisture and temperature sensors. The proposed work is implemented using a microcontroller, programmed accordingly to measure the temperature and moisture using respective sensors. It is well capable of controlling temperature by operating a fan, controlling a shade for blocking excess sunlight and controlling moisture by operating a watering device through a motor. The potential outcome of the project work can be used for greenhouse monitoring and controlling systems.
EFFECT OF QUENCHING MEDIA VARIATIONS ON THE HARDNESS AND MICROSTRUCTURES OF AISI O1 TOOL STEEL

Tool steels AISI O1 are widely used in the manufacturing industry to produce a wide variety of tools, moulds, and other applications requiring high wear resistance. Wear resistance is identic with high hardness, and the combination can be obtained by hardening-tempering and cryogenic treatment. However, cryogenic treatment requires liquid nitrogen, which is relatively expensive. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether to cool to produce high hardness, which is close to the hardness value of 69 HRC due to cryogenic treatment. The hardening process was carried out by heating the steel at a temperature of 880 °C and holding it for 30 minutes, then quenching using air, oil SAE 10, water with 15% salt, and ice water. The microstructure of the test sample was observed with an optical microscope, and the hardness was tested with a Rockwell hardness tester. The test results showed that the microstructure changed from pearlite and ferrite to bainite and martensite after hardening-quenching. The lower the quenching media temperature, the higher the hardness. Ice water quenching resulted in a fully martensitic structure, and the highest hardness was 66.37 HRC. Ice water is a quenching medium that can produce hardness almost close to the hardness of cryogenic treatment.
Deep Learning Driven QoS Anomaly Detection for Network Performance Optimization

In modern, ever-changing network environments, QoS must be high to provide reliable and efficient services. This study tests Deep Learning (DL), specifically CNN, LSTM, and a hybrid CNN-LSTM model, to identify abnormalities using QoS measurements like Availability, Bandwidth, Latency, Jitter, and Packet Loss. The study evaluates DL-based QoS management using UNSW-NB15 data. The hybrid CNN-LSTM model excels at QoS management, identifying anomalies in key metrics with few false detections. This method captures intricate network data patterns and interrelationships using deep learning, improving anomaly detection accuracy and efficiency. A hybrid model is used to quantify QoS parameters like Availability, Bandwidth, Latency, Jitter, and Packet Loss. The results show high values for Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, Round-Trip Time (RTT), Variation in RTT, and Packet Loss Rate (PLR), proving the proposed approach's effectiveness in maintaining QoS. The CNN, LSTM, and suggested hybrid model evaluation metrics include Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score. The hybrid model outperforms the individual models with 98.67% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. This proves its anomaly detection resilience. False Positive Rate and True Positive Rate show that the hybrid model performs best, with a 0.01 false positive rate and 0.98 true positive rate. Graphical representations help visualize DL model parameter comparisons and False Positive/True Positive rates. DL-based methods, particularly the hybrid CNN-LSTM model, are crucial for QoS anomaly detection in this study. Measurable results show the model improves network dependability, resource allocation, and user satisfaction. The study also suggests researching advanced deep learning methods for real-time network processing and scalable solutions.
A New Driving Compensation Strategy to Improve Current Symmetry of Integrated Buck-Boost-LLC Converter

The inherent characteristics of the integrated Buck-Boost-LLC converter lead to the asymmetry of its resonant tank voltage, which further leads to the asymmetry of the resonant current as well as the demagnetization of the transformer, which seriously affects the operation of the converter. In this paper, a drive compensation strategy is proposed to suppress the asymmetry of voltage and current. By compensating the drive signals, a balanced matching of the resonant tank voltage in each period is realized, which greatly suppresses the second harmonic component and significantly improves the asymmetry of the current, and the simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the asymmetry of the current from 100% to 3.6% at most, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
The Role of Pro-Opiomelanocortin Derivatives in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Myocardial Infarction: Possible Links with Prediabetes

Myocardial infarction is a major contributor to CVD-related mortality. T2DM is a risk factor for MI. Stress activates the HPA axis, SNS, and endogenous OPS. These POMC derivatives increase the blood glucose and cardiovascular response by inhibiting the PI3K/AkT insulin signaling pathway and increasing cardiac contraction. Opioids regulate the effect of the HPA axis and SNS and they are cardioprotective. The chronic activation of the stress response may lead to insulin resistance, cardiac dysfunction, and MI. Stress and T2DM, therefore, increase the risk of MI. T2DM is preceded by prediabetes. Studies have shown that prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of MI because of inflammation, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. The HPA axis is reported to be dysregulated in prediabetes. However, the SNS and the OPS have not been explored during prediabetes. The effect of prediabetes on POMC derivatives has yet to be fully explored and understood. The impact of stress and prediabetes on the cardiovascular response needs to be investigated. This study sought to review the potential impact of prediabetes on the POMC derivatives and pathways that could lead to MI.
Research on 10 kinds of beverage target detection based on YOLOv8

An enhanced approach for recognizing beverage-type items was suggested, which relies on YOLOv8 and addresses the issue of tiny object identification accuracy being lower than that of big objects. First, the neural network structure is expanded to include the attention mechanism. Next, the pooling layer is added and the SPPF structure is enhanced. The results of the experiments conducted on the Drink_284 dataset demonstrate that this method’s detection accuracy and recall rate are better than those of YOLOv8.
Inequality of Opportunity for Healthy Aging in Europe

This study quantifies the inequality of opportunity (IOp) for healthy aging in Europe. Unlike earlier studies, an objective health indicator, grip strength, is used as an outcome. Using the longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (Wave 1-5), I introduce a general model where explanatory variables portray individual lifetime trajectory. All predictors are disentangled into illegitimate and legitimate components. The Hausman-Taylor (1981) estimator is employed to deal with the presence of unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity of time-variant lifestyle. Both upper and lower bounds of IOp are considered by incorporating different sets of illegitimate factors under six scenarios. Parallel results based on self-reported health are provided. We find that IOp in a subjective measure is less sensitive to age, but more to unobserved factors. Finally, the magnitude of IOp is compared between men and women as well as across ten states Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and Italy. Overall, the results are sensitive to the choice in health indicator.
Improving Grassland Quality in Communal Arable Lands in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Overgrazing and shifting cultivation practise have severely degraded communal lands in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Methods need to be developed to improve forage quality of grazing land, especially previously cultivated lands. The aim of the study was to investigate legume species to rehabilitate arable lands abandoned from cropping, to enhance their forage quality, productivity and ecological integrity. The study was conducted in seven communities within the Eastern Cape Province. This study showed that within the communal lands studied extensive areas have been cultivated and the majority of this land is now poorly utilised. Natural grasslands ploughed for cropping did not recover its original composition and therefore lost its primary ecological condition. New improved legume cultivars can significantly enhance forage quality on cultivated lands but individual species may not have the resilience to survive nutrient poor lands and variable winter rainfall. This study shows that using a mixture of annual and perennial legume species with different life traits contributed to enhanced forage quality, especially during winter when the nutritional value of grasses was low. Because of management constraints, pasture legumes cannot be seen as stand-alone pastures, but provide a mechanism to extend the forage potential of communal grazing lands.