Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Relaying With State Available Noncausally at the Relay

In this paper, we consider a three-terminal state-dependent relay channel (RC) with the channel state noncausally available at only the relay. Such a model may be useful for designing cooperative wireless networks with some terminals equipped with cognition capabilities, i.e., the relay in our setup. In the discrete memoryless (DM) case, we establish lower and upper bounds on channel capacity. The lower bound is obtained by a coding scheme at the relay that uses a combination of codeword splitting, Gel'fand-Pinsker binning, and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying. The upper bound improves upon that obtained by assuming that the channel state is available at the source, the relay, and the destination. For the Gaussian case, we also derive lower and upper bounds on the capacity. The lower bound is obtained by a coding scheme at the relay that uses a combination of codeword splitting, generalized dirty paper coding (DPC), and DF relaying; the upper bound is also better than that obtained by assuming that the channel state is available at the source, the relay, and the destination. In the case of degraded Gaussian channels, the lower bound meets with the upper bound for some special cases, and, so, the capacity is obtained for these cases. Furthermore, in the Gaussian case, we also extend the results to the case in which the relay operates in a half-duplex mode.
Isocyanates and Human Health: Multistakeholder Information Needs and Research Priorities

Objectives: To outline the knowledge gaps and research priorities identified by a broad base of stakeholders involved in the planning and participation of an international conference and research agenda workshop on isocyanates and human health held in Potomac, Maryland, in April 2013. Methods: A multimodal iterative approach was used for data collection including preconference surveys, review of a 2001 consensus conference on isocyanates, oral and poster presentations, focused break-out sessions, panel discussions, and postconference research agenda workshop. Results: Participants included representatives of consumer and worker health, health professionals, regulatory agencies, academic and industry scientists, labor, and trade associations. Conclusions: Recommendations were summarized regarding knowledge gaps and research priorities in the following areas: worker and consumer exposures; toxicology, animal models, and biomarkers; human cancer risk; environmental exposure and monitoring; and respiratory epidemiology and disease, and occupational health surveillance.
Efficient query processing for data integration

A major problem today is that important data is scattered throughout dozens of separately evolved data sources, in a form that makes the “big picture” difficult to obtain. Data integration presents a unified virtual view of all data within a domain, allowing the user to pose queries across the complete integrated schema. This dissertation addresses the performance needs of real-world business and scientific applications. Standard database techniques for answering queries are inappropriate for data integration, where data sources are autonomous, they generally lack mechanisms for sharing of statistical information about their content, and the environment is shared with other users and subject to unpredictable change. My thesis proposes the use of pipelined and adaptive techniques for processing data integration queries, and I present a unified architecture for adaptive query processing, including novel algorithms and an experimental evaluation. An operator called x-scan extracts the relevant content from an XML source as streams across the network, which enables more work to be done in parallel. Next, the query is answered using algorithms (such as an extended version of the pipelined hash join) whose work is adaptively scheduled, varying to accommodate the relative data arrival rates of the sources. Finally, the system can adapt the ordering of the various operations (the query plan), either at points where the data is being saved to disk or in mid-execution, using a novel technique called convergent query processing. I show that these techniques provide significant benefits in processing data integration queries.
Characterization of a minus end-directed kinesin-like motor protein from cultured mammalian cells

Using the CHO2 monoclonal antibody raised against CHO spindles (Sellitto, C., M. Kimble, and R. Kuriyama. 1992. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton. 22:7-24) we identified a 66-kD protein located at the interphase centrosome and mitotic spindle. Isolated cDNAs for the antigen encode a 622-amino acid polypeptide. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 340-amino acid residues in the COOH terminus, which is homologous to the motor domain conserved among other members of the kinesin superfamily. The protein is composed of a central alpha-helical portion with globular domains at both NH2 and COOH termini, and the epitope to the monoclonal antibody resides in the central alpha-helical stalk. A series of deletion constructs were created for in vitro analysis of microtubule interactions. While the microtubule binding and bundling activities require both the presence of the COOH terminus and the alpha-helical domain, the NH2-terminal half of the antigen lacked the ability to interact with microtubules. The full-length as well as deleted proteins consisting of the COOH-terminal motor and the central alpha-helical stalk supported microtubule gliding, with velocity ranging from 1.0 to 8.4 microns/minute. The speed of microtubule movement decreased with decreasing lengths of the central stalk attached to the COOH-terminal motor. The microtubules moved with their plus end leading, indicating that the antigen is a minus end-directed motor. The CHO2 sequence shows 86% identify to HSET, a gene located at the centromeric end of the human MHC region in chromosome 6 (Ando, A., Y. Y. Kikuti, H. Kawata, N. Okamoto, T. Imai, T. Eki, K. Yokoyama, E. Soeda, T. Ikemura, K. Abe, and H. Inoko. 1994. Immunogenetics. 39:194- 200), indicating that HSET might represent a human homologue of the CHO2 antigen.
Methods for managing variation in clinical drug names.

OBJECTIVES To develop normalization methods for managing the variation in clinical drug names. METHODS Manual examination of drug names from RxNorm and local variants collected from formularies led to the identification of three types of drug-specific normalization rules: expansion of abbreviations (e.g., tab to tablet);reformatting of specific elements (e.g., space between number and unit); and removal of salt variants (e.g., succinate from metoprolol succinate). RESULTS After drug-specific normalization, recall of 3397 previously non-matching names from formularies reaches 45% overall (70% of some subsets), compared to 10-20% after generic normalization. Ambiguity has not increased significantly in the RxNorm dataset. CONCLUSIONS A limited number of drug-specific normalization operations provide significant improvement over general language normalization.
A chaotic cipher Mmohocc and its security analysis

In this paper we introduce a new chaotic stream cipher Mmohocc which utilizes the fundamental chaos characteristics. The designs of the major components of the cipher are given. Its cryptographic properties of period, auto- and cross-correlations, and the mixture of Markov processes and spatiotemporal effects are investigated. The cipher is resistant to the related-key-IV, Time/Memory/Data tradeoff, algebraic, and chosen-text attacks. The keystreams successfully passed two batteries of statistical tests and the encryption speed is comparable with RC4.
Excellent outcomes and lack of prognostic impact of cell of origin for localized diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in the rituximab era

Therapeutic options for limited‐stage diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) include short‐ or full‐course R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) ± radiotherapy. The optimal treatment remains unclear. The prognostic value of cell‐of‐origin (COO) in early stage DLBCL is unknown. Patients with limited‐stage DLBCL (stage I or stage II, non‐bulky) treated with R‐CHOP ± involved field radiotherapy (IFRT) from 1999 to 2012 were included. COO by the Hans algorithm was analysed in a subset of patients. Of 261 patients, 30% were stage I (N = 82), 37% stage IE (N = 96), <1% stage IXEE (N = 1), 18% stage II (N = 46) and 14% stage IIE (N = 37). The stage‐modified International Prognostic Index stratified patients into prognostically relevant groups. There was no significant difference in progression‐free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) for patients in the germinal centre B‐cell‐like (GCB; n = 65) and non‐GCB cohorts (n = 22). Seventeen patients received R‐CHOP × 3–4 cycles (Arm A), 147 received R‐CHOP × 3–4 cycles + IFRT (Arm B), 48 received R‐CHOP × 6 cycles (Arm C), and 50 received R‐CHOP × 6 cycles + IFRT (Arm D). The outcomes were excellent, with 5‐year PFS of 82% and 5‐year OS of 93%, and were similar across the 4 treatment groups. In the rituximab era, outcomes for limited‐stage DLBCL, regardless of treatment approach, were excellent. Baseline COO was not a significant prognostic factor in patients treated with short‐course R‐CHOP + IFRT.
Social Network Analysis of Cattle Movement in Sukhothai Province, Thailand: A Study to Improve Control Measurements

The aim of this study is to analyse the pattern of cattle movement in Sukhothai province, Thailand. A validated questionnaire was applied to 308 respondents related to cattle farming using one-step snowball sampling. The results showed that most of the nodes are farmers who move their animals in the province. The average normalized degree centrality and normalized closeness centrality were low (<0.01 and 0.04, resp.). We found that traders are the nodes with a high value of centrality. This corresponds with the cutpoint analysis results that traders are outstanding. In conclusion, the relevant authorities should focus on the nodes such as traders for controlling disease. However, a measure to detect disease in the early stages needs to be implemented.
Climate Change, Habitat Loss, Protected Areas and the Climate Adaptation Potential of Species in Mediterranean Ecosystems Worldwide

Mediterranean climate is found on five continents and supports five global biodiversity hotspots. Based on combined downscaled results from 23 atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) for three emissions scenarios, we determined the projected spatial shifts in the mediterranean climate extent (MCE) over the next century. Although most AOGCMs project a moderate expansion in the global MCE, regional impacts are large and uneven. The median AOGCM simulation output for the three emissions scenarios project the MCE at the end of the 21st century in Chile will range from 129–153% of its current size, while in Australia, it will contract to only 77–49% of its current size losing an area equivalent to over twice the size of Portugal. Only 4% of the land area within the current MCE worldwide is in protected status (compared to a global average of 12% for all biome types), and, depending on the emissions scenario, only 50–60% of these protected areas are likely to be in the future MCE. To exacerbate the climate impact, nearly one third (29–31%) of the land where the MCE is projected to remain stable has already been converted to human use, limiting the size of the potential climate refuges and diminishing the adaptation potential of native biota. High conversion and low protection in projected stable areas make Australia the highest priority region for investment in climate-adaptation strategies to reduce the threat of climate change to the rich biodiversity of the mediterranean biome.
Handling Sudden Concept Drift in Enron Messages Data Stream

Detecting changes of concept deﬁnitions in data streams and adapting classiﬁers to them is studied in this paper. Many previous research assume that examples in a data stream are always labeled. As it may be diﬃcult to satisfy in practice, we introduce an approach that detects a concept drift in unlabeled data and retrain a classiﬁer using a limited number of labeled examples. The usefulness of this approach is evaluated in the experimental study with Enron data concerning classiﬁcation of user’s emails to multiple folders. First we show that these data streams are characterized by frequent sudden changes of concepts and that our approach can detect them. Results of the next comparative study demonstrate that our approach leads to the classiﬁcation accuracy comparable to the periodic retraining of the classiﬁer based on windowing, also reducing the number of examples to be labeled.
An impacted central incisor due to supernumerary teeth: a multidisciplinary approach.

BACKGROUND Hyperdontia is a disorder of odontogenesis characterised by excess teeth. Many complications can be associated with supernumerary teeth, such as crowding, tooth displacement, diastema, deep caries, retention or impaction, delayed eruption or ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth, aesthetic problems, neuralgic manifestations, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and dentigerous cyst formation with significant bone destruction. Treatment of hyperdontia depends on the area and number of supernumerary teeth, and also on the presence of pathologic processes that can affect them and/or the teeth of the normal series that could be erupted, retained or impacted. CASE REPORT The present case report describes the clinical management of two impacted supernumerary teeth, which impeded the eruption of the maxillary right central incisor in a paediatric patient. A multidisciplinary treatment approach was planned, including the surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth and the orthodontic correction of the unerupted permanent maxillary right central incisor. Combined surgical and orthodontic treatment resulted in an aesthetically pleasant and balanced occlusion. Thus, early multidisciplinary treatment is required for greater hard and soft tissue preservation.
Comparison of Oral Paracetamol versus Ibuprofen in Premature Infants with Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Trial Design Oral ibuprofen has demonstrated good effects on symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but with many contraindications and potential side-effects. In the past two years, oral paracetamol administration to several preterm infants with PDA has been reported. Here, a randomized, non-blinded, parallel-controlled and non-inferiority trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of oral paracetamol to those of standard ibuprofen for PDA closure in premature infants. Methods One hundred and sixty infants (gestational age ≤34 weeks) with echocardiographically confirmed PDA were randomly assigned to receive either oral paracetamol (n = 80) or ibuprofen (n = 80). After the initial treatment course in both groups, the need for a second course was determined by echocardiographic evaluation. The main outcome was rate of ductal closure, and secondary outcomes were adverse effects and complications. Result The ductus was closed in 65 (81.2%) infants of the paracetamol group compared with 63 (78.8%) of the ibuprofen group. The 95% confidence interval of the difference between these groups was [−0.080,0.128], demonstrating that the effectiveness of paracetamol treatment was not inferior to that of ibuprofen. In fact, the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia or gastrointestinal bleeding in the paracetamol group was significantly lower than that of the ibuprofen group. No significant differences in other clinical side effects or complications were noted. Conclusion This comparison of drug efficacy and safety profiles in premature infants with PDA revealed that oral paracetamol was comparable to ibuprofen in terms of the rate of ductal closure and even showed a decreased risk of hyperbilirubinemia or gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, paracetamol may be accepted as a first-line drug treatment for PDA in preterm infants. Trial Registration ChiCTR.org ChiCTR-TRC-12002177
On the identification, characterization and investigation of phase dependent coupling in neuronal networks

Spatially distributed phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is a possible mechanism for selectively routing information through neuronal networks. If so, two key properties determine its selectivity and flexibility, phase diversity over space and frequency diversity. To investigate these issues we analyzed 42 human electrocorticographic (ECoG) recordings from 27 patients performing a working memory task. We demonstrate that (1) spatially distributed PAC occurred at distances over 10 cm, (2) involved diverse preferred coupling phases, and (3) involved diverse frequencies. Using a novel technique (N-way decomposition based on the PARAFAC model), we demonstrate that (4) these diverse phases originated mainly from the phase-providing oscillations. With these properties, PAC can be the backbone of a mechanism that is able to separate spatially distributed networks operating in parallel.
Rapidly activating hydrogen ion currents in perfused neurones of the snail, Lymnaea stagnalis.

Cells from the circumoesophageal nerve ring of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were internally perfused with solutions containing Cs aspartate, EGTA and pH buffers. Time‐dependent, voltage‐dependent 'residual' outward currents were observed at positive potentials. They were found to be carried largely by H+. The outward H+ currents were reduced by high internal pH, low external pH, external Cd2+ and 4‐aminopyridine. External tetraethylammonium ions reduced the H+ currents but had a more effective blocking action on the K+ currents in these cells. All five agents reduced the maximum H+ conductance. In addition Cd2+, low external pH and high internal pH were found to shift the voltage dependence of the H+ current to more positive potentials. There was no significant difference between H+ currents recorded with the internal pCa2+ about 7 and those recorded with the internal pCa2+ near 5. It is likely that the H+ channel described here provides the basis for the increase in H+ permeability described by Thomas & Meech (1982) in depolarized Helix neurones. As judged by their sensitivity to different antagonists, H+ channels are unlike any other previously described channel. They are highly selective for protons and we suggest that their role in molluscan neurones is to compensate for the rapid intracellular acidification which is generated by trains of action potentials (Ahmed & Connor, 1980).
Resonantly shunted piezoelectric layers as passive vibration control devices

Highly conductive and transparent aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films were prepared by ablating the target containing 2 wt% Al2O3 with ArF excimer laser (lamda=193 nm). The films were grown at a repetition rate of 10 Hz, energy density of 2-3 J/cm2 and irradiation time of 10-60 min (6000-36000 laser shots). The optical and electrical properties of the films depend on the substrate temperature and oxygen pressure during film deposition. The lowest resistivity was found to be at 1.44 Wcm for films deposited at 300oC and in 1mtorr of oxygen ambient. The average transmittance was found to be in the range of 84-92%. Sharp decrease in transmittance and sharp increase in reflectance near the plasma edge in the near-infrared range are due to impurity scattering, which is caused by aluminum doping.
The need for simulation in evaluating anomaly detectors

Anomalous events that affect the performance of networks are a fact of life. It is therefore not surprising that recent years have seen an explosion in research on network anomaly detection. What is quite surprising, however, is the lack of controlled evaluation of these detectors. In this paper we argue that there are numerous important questions regarding the effectiveness of anomaly detectors that cannot be answered by the evaluation techniques employed today. We present four central requirements of a rigorous evaluation that can only be met by simulating both the anomaly and its surrounding environment. While simulation is necessary, it is not sufficient. We therefore present an outline of an evaluation methodology that leverages both simulation and traces from operational networks
The molecular basis of cooperativity in protein folding. Thermodynamic dissection of interdomain interactions in phosphoglycerate kinase.

In the presence of guanidine hydrochloride, phosphoglycerate kinase from yeast can be reversibly denatured by either heating or cooling the protein solution above or below room temperature [Griko, Y. V. , Venyaminov, S. Y. , & Privalov, P. L. (1989) FEBS Lett. 244, 276-278]. The heat denaturation of PGK is characterized by the presence of a single peak in the excess heat capacity function obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The transition curve approaches the two-state mechanism, indicating that the two domains of the molecule display strong cooperative interactions and that partially folded intermediates are not largely populated during the transition. On the contrary, the cold denaturation is characterized by the presence of two peaks in the heat capacity function. Analysis of the data indicates that at low temperatures the two domains behave independently of each other. The crystallographic structure of PGK has been used to identify the nature of the interactions between the two domains. These interactions involve primarily the apposition of two hydrophobic surfaces of approximately 480 A2 and nine hydrogen bonds. This information, in conjunction with experimental thermodynamic values for hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding interactions and statistical thermodynamic analysis, has been used to quantitatively account for the folding/unfolding behavior of PGK. It is shown that this type of analysis accurately predicts the cooperative behavior of the folding/unfolding transition and its dependence on GuHCl concentration.
Visualization and Extraction of Carvings for Heritage Conservation

We present novel techniques for visualizing, illustrating, analyzing, and generating carvings in surfaces. In particular, we consider the carvings in the plaster of the cloister of the Magdeburg cathedral, which dates to the 13th century. Due to aging and weathering, the carvings have flattened. Historians and restorers are highly interested in using digitalization techniques to analyze carvings in historic artifacts and monuments and to get impressions and illustrations of their original shape and appearance. Moreover, museums and churches are interested in such illustrations for presenting them to visitors. The techniques that we propose allow for detecting, selecting, and visualizing carving structures. In addition, we introduce an example-based method for generating carvings. The resulting tool, which integrates all techniques, was evaluated by three experienced restorers to assess the usefulness and applicability. Furthermore, we compared our approach with exaggerated shading and other state-of-the-art methods.