Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The (Poly)phenolic Profile of Separate Winery By-Products Reveals Potential Antioxidant Synergies

The by-products of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in the winemaking process present a diverse phytochemical profile of (poly)phenols, essentially represented by phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes, which have health benefits. In winemaking, solid (grape stems and pomace) and semisolid (wine lees) by-products are generated, negatively impacting the sustainability of the agro-food activity and the local environment. Although information on the phytochemical profile of grape stems and pomace has been reported, especially information concerning (poly)phenols, research on wine lees is necessary to take advantage of the compositional traits of this residue. So, in the present work, an updated, in-depth comparison of the (poly)phenolic profiles of these three resulting matrices in the agro-food industry has been carried out to provide new knowledge and interesting data on the action of yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolism in the diversification of phenolic composition; additionally, we extract complementarities for the possible joint application of the three residues. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn. The (poly)phenolic profiles of the residues showed significant discrepancies. The results obtained showed that the greatest diversity of (poly)phenols was found in the stems of the grapes, followed closely by the lees. Through technological insights, it has been suggested that yeasts and LAB, responsible for the fermentation of must, might play a key role in the transformation of phenolic compounds. This would provide new molecules with specific bioavailability and bioactivity features, which might interact with different molecular targets and, consequently, improve the biological potential of these underexploited residues.
Víctimas de ciberviolencia: formas, prevalencia y diferencias de género

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la cibervictimización en adolescentes escolarizados, por medio de un estudio descriptivo en una muestra de 656 estudiantes de básica secundaria y media de una institución educativa colombiana, a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Cibervictimización en Estudiantes de Secundaria. Los resultados evidencian que el 63,41% de los estudiantes manifiestan haber sufrido de cibervictimización, presentándose en mayor medida en quienes no se identifican con ninguno de los dos géneros, seguido de los géneros masculino y femenino, respectivamente. En cuanto a los tipos de cibervictimización, se presenta en mayor medida la relacional sexual, sufrida principalmente por niñas, seguida de la exclusión online, presente mayormente en los niños, y la cibervictimización verbal-escrita, la cual se presenta en la misma medida en los dos géneros. Se concluye que es necesario establecer estrategias que contribuyan a mejorar la convivencia en espacios virtuales frecuentados por los escolares colombianos.
Attention and Sentiment of the Chinese Public toward a 3D Greening System Based on Sina Weibo

The rapid development of global urbanization over the years has led to a significant increase in the urban population, resulting in an imbalance in the urban green space structure. Transforming the urban 2D space green quantity into a 3D space green quantity to create 3D greenery systems (TGS) is a space resource that cannot be ignored in the process of urban green space expansion. This research gathered and analyzed Sina Weibo post information and user information related to TGS to investigate the changing trend of attention status and emotional orientation of the Chinese public on TGS. We employed web crawler technology and text mining to search and analyze the data on the Sina Weibo platform. This research aids policymakers and stakeholders in comprehending the general public’s perspective on TGS and showing the transmission channel of public sentiment and the origins of negative sentiment. Results indicate that the public’s attention to TGS has greatly increased since the shift in the government’s idea of governance, although it still needs improvement. Despite TGS’s good thermal insulation and air purification effects, 27.80% of the Chinese public has a negative attitude toward it. The public’s negative sentiment of TGS housing is not solely due to pricing. The public is mainly concerned about the damage to the structure of buildings caused by TGS, the subsequent maintenance of plants, the increase in indoor mosquitoes, and lighting and humidity problems. This research helps decision makers understand the public opinion communication process via social media and provides corresponding solutions, which is of great significance for the future development of TGS.
Memristive Pixel-CNN Loop Generate for CNN Generalisations

Noisein test images can significantly reduce the inference accuracy of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). The learning alogrithm that optimise the CNN for inference often use training images that represent a limited number of variations of objects. Any variations from the training set makes it harder to recognise test images, thereby indicating lose of generalisation. We propose to use Gated Pixel Convolution Neural Network (PixelCNN) for generating training images to readjust the weights of pretrained CNN network. This way, the readjustment of weights using generated images, helps to improve the generalisation ability of the CNNs. Through this approach the CNN learning becomes continuous even with a limited training data and can be limited by the amount of generalisation and robustness to variability required for a given task. The proposed memristive loop generate architecture was designed using 22 nm CMOS technology and Knowm Meta-Stable Switch (MSS) memristor model (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$WO_{x}$</tex-math></inline-formula> device parameters) with an on-chip area of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{1.54}\;\text{mm}^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and reduced power consumption.
Theta phase coherence in visual mismatch responses involved in access processing to visual awareness

Introduction: The electroencephalographic brain response to a deviation from the preceding sequential regularity of visual events, called visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), is well known to reflect automatic visual change detection. Our preliminary study showed a significant correlation between the enhancement of the vMMN amplitude and facilitation of perceptual alternation in binocular rivalry when the deviant stimulus was presented unconsciously. This implies that the vMMN is relevant to access processing, in which the unconscious stimulus is consciously perceived. Recent studies have reported that theta band oscillation evoked by a deviant stimulus is involved in evoking vMMN. However, it has not been clarified whether theta band oscillation associated with vMMN is also relevant to access processing. Methods: We analyzed the correlations between event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) in the theta band and the proportion of perceptual alternation from before to after the presentation of deviation in the same experimental paradigm as in our previous study. Results: We found that an increase in ITPC in the theta band tended to correlate with facilitation of perceptual alternation in binocular rivalry when the deviant was presented unconsciously, but there was no significant correlation in ERSP. Discussion: The results suggest that theta phase coherence underlying the visual mismatch process is relevant to the access processing.
Breathlessness and exercise with virtual reality system in long-post-coronavirus disease 2019 patients

Long-post-coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients tend to claim residual symptomatology from various systems, most importantly the respiratory and central nervous systems. Breathlessness and brain fog are the main complaints. The pulmonary function pattern is consistent with restrictive defects, which, in most cases, are self-resolved, while the cognitive profile may be impaired. Rehabilitation is an ongoing field for holistic management of long-post-COVID-19 patients. Virtual reality (VR) applications may represent an innovative implementation of rehabilitation. We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise with and without the VR system and to assess further breathlessness and functional fitness indicators in long-post-COVID-19 patients with mild cognitive impairment after self-selected exercise duration using the VR system. Twenty long-post-COVID-19 patients were enrolled in our study (age: 53.9 ± 9.1 years, male: 80%, body mass index: 28.1 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Participants' anthropometric data were recorded, and they underwent pulmonary functional test evaluation as well as sleep quality and cognitive assessment. The participants randomly exercised with and without a VR system (VR vs. no-VR) and, later, self-selected the exercise duration using the VR system. The results showed that exercise with VR resulted in a lower dyspnea score than exercise without VR. In conclusion, VR applications seem to be an attractive and safe tool for implementing rehabilitation. They can enhance performance during exercise and benefit patients with both respiratory and cognitive symptoms.
Frontal Ethmoid Mucocele: An Unusual Postoperative Complication

Case A 23‐year‐old female initially presented with a 2‐month history of severe frontal sinus headaches and upward gaze diplopia. She had no other significant medical issues and denied nasal symptoms. An outside magnetic resonance imaging scan of her brain was obtained that showed a left ethmoid mass measuring 2.4 × 2.3 × 2.5 cm extending into the left frontal sinus. A computed tomography sinus was then done in the office that revealed an expansile mass destroying the left lamina papyracea and fiberoptic laryngoscopy demonstrated a mass in the posterior nasopharynx adjacent to the left orbit and posterior to the left middle turbinate (Figure 1). She was taken emergently to the operating room for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) under COVID restrictions and the frontal ethmoid mucocele was completely decompressed. A culture of the left frontal sinus was taken and did not show any fungal organisms. The patient then performed daily nasal saline irrigations and presented to postoperative appointments with mild orbital pain that decreased in intensity with each subsequent visit. Monthly nasal endoscopies consistently revealed an open, wide area at the site of the decompressed mucocele for three consecutive months. Three weeks later, she called the surgeon (N.L.S.) one Saturday night complaining of sudden onset, sharp pain that felt like she had a “knife in her left eye. ” She was treated conservatively over the weekend with nasal irrigations and a nasal corticosteroid spray. A video endoscopy in the office revealed a sharp object penetrating the left orbital tissue (Figure 2). Attempted removal under video endoscopy failed and was painful as the spicule was impacted into the periorbital tissue that was now unprotected because the bony lamina papyracea had been resorbed by pressure from the mucocele. The object was finally irrigated under general anesthesia in the operating room. Spicule fragments were cultured and sent to pathology. Both reports were consistent with Aspergillus fumigatus. The patient's “knife‐like” pain was relieved after the procedure, but orbital pressure persisted until the fungal infection was brought under control.
A Review of AI-Driven Conversational Chatbots Implementation Methodologies and Challenges (1999–2022)

A conversational chatbot or dialogue system is a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the Internet. These chatbots can be integrated into messaging apps, mobile apps, or websites, and are designed to engage in natural language conversations with users. There are also many applications in which chatbots are used for educational support to improve students’ performance during the learning cycle. The recent success of ChatGPT also encourages researchers to explore more possibilities in the field of chatbot applications. One of the main benefits of conversational chatbots is their ability to provide an instant and automated response, which can be leveraged in many application areas. Chatbots can handle a wide range of inquiries and tasks, such as answering frequently asked questions, booking appointments, or making recommendations. Modern conversational chatbots use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as natural language processing (NLP) and artificial neural networks, to understand and respond to users’ input. In this study, we will explore the objectives of why chatbot systems were built and what key methodologies and datasets were leveraged to build a chatbot. Finally, the achievement of the objectives will be discussed, as well as the associated challenges and future chatbot development trends.
Rapid detection of mpox virus using recombinase aided amplification assay

A recent, unprecedented outbreak of human mpox virus infection has led to cases in non-African nations, and the number of confirmed or suspected cases outside of Africa has exceeded 1,000 within 5 weeks. Mpox may pose a double threat to public health in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. It is difficult to distinguish mpox virus infection from other diseases in the early stages, and patients are contagious from the onset of nonspecific symptoms; therefore, it is crucial to develop rapid and specific diagnostic methods. The diagnosis of mpox relies on real-time polymerase chain reaction, a time-consuming method that requires a highly sophisticated thermal cycler, which makes it unsuitable for widespread use in underdeveloped areas, where the outbreak is still severe. In this study, we developed a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay that can detect mpox virus within 5–10 minutes. The conserved regions of the A27L gene and F3L gene were selected as targets, as they amplify well from different mpox virus clades with no cross-reaction from other pathogens. The sensitivity of this RAA assay is 10 copies/reaction for the A27L gene and 102 copies/reaction for the F3L gene. When applied to simulated clinical samples, both targets showed 100% specificity, and the detection limits were consistent with the sensitivity results. Moreover, through clinical blinded sample detection, RAA exhibits the same detection power as RT-PCR. In summary, the RAA mpox assay described here exhibits rapid detection, high sensitivity and specificity, and low operational difficulty, making it suitable for mpox virus detection in less developed countries and regions.
Energy flow and forces in multi-layer dielectric structures

This thesis is devoted to studies of two selected problems which are of great interest for newly emerging fields of metamaterials and plasmonics. We study the energy flow and momentum balance for various dielectric structures of interest, in particular, for multi-layer structures that involve tunneling barriers. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered media is analyzed and different definitions of energy transport velocities are compared. It is argued that the energy flow velocity is the most universal concept that describes energy flow. It always remains sub-luminal contrary to the group delay velocity which may become superluminal for some situations. For the wave packet in an infinite medium the energy flow velocity is equivalent to the group velocity. However also for the structures of a finite width (compared to the length of the wave packet), nonlocal effects due to reflections from boundaries become important and the actual energy flow velocity is different from the group velocity. Energy flow velocity is also applicable to the case when the energy is transported by evanescent wave as in surface wave resonant structures. The energy flow velocity is calculated for some resonant configurations. It is shown that such multi-layer configurations delay the light velocity by orders of magnitude which might be of interest for slow/stopped light applications. The second problem concerns with the analysis of radiation pressure on the dielectric structures. The forces on dielectric bodies of different configurations are calculated from the Lorentz and the Helmholtz expressions. For finite size dielectric structures in vacuum, both expressions give the identical results for the total force, however the local force densities are different. This difference is interpreted as a result of the partial averaging of the internal forces present in the Helmholtz force expression. Partial compensation of the internal forces occurs as a result of the different size of the control volume inherently assumed in both averaging procedures: the sampling size of the Lorentz force is chosen to smooth out the charge distribution of the microscopic charges, while the Helmholtz force has a macroscopic sampling size of the order of the object dimensions. It is shown that the average of the microscopic
Visual–auditory learning network for construction equipment action detection

Action detection of construction equipment is critical for tracking project performance, facilitating construction automation, and fostering construction efficiency in terms of construction site monitoring. Particularly, the auditory signal can provide additional information on computer vision‐based action detection of various types of construction equipment. Therefore, this study aims to develop a visual–auditory learning network model for the action detection of construction equipment based on two modalities (i.e., vision and audition). To this end, both visual and auditory features are extracted from the multi‐modal feature extractor. In addition, the multi‐head attention and detection module is designed to conduct the localization and classification tasks in separate heads in which different attention mechanisms for each task are applied. Particularly, the content‐based attention mechanism and the dot‐product attention mechanism are, respectively, adopted for spatial attention in the localization head and channel attention in the classification head. The evaluation results show that the precision and recall of the proposed model can reach 86.92% and 84.00% with the adoption of the multi‐head attention and detection module, which has proven to improve overall detection performance by utilizing different correlations of visual and auditory features for localization and classification, respectively.
A review of forecast error covariance statistics in atmospheric variational data assimilation. I: Characteristics and measurements of forecast error covariances

This article reviews the characteristics of forecast error statistics in meteorological data assimilation from the substantial literature on this subject. It is shown how forecast error statistics appear in the data assimilation problem through the background error covariance matrix, B. The mathematical and physical properties of the covariances are surveyed in relation to a number of leading systems that are in use for operational weather forecasting. Different studies emphasize different aspects of B, and the known ways that B can impact the assimilation are brought together. Treating B practically in data assimilation is problematic. One such problem is in the numerical measurement of B, and five calibration methods are reviewed, including analysis of innovations, analysis of forecast differences and ensemble methods. Another problem is the prohibitive size of B. This needs special treatment in data assimilation, and is covered in a companion article (Part II). Examples are drawn from the literature that show the univariate and multivariate structure of the B‐matrix, in terms of variances and correlations, which are interpreted in terms of the properties of the atmosphere. The need for an accurate quantification of forecast error statistics is emphasized. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
High Performance Schottky Barrier TFTs With Indium–Gallium–Zinc-Oxide/Mo Schottky Junction

IGZO/Mo Schottky barrier TFTs are demonstrated, in which the tunable Schottky junction is formed between IGZO and Mo electrode after vacuum annealing at 280 °C or above. Oxygen-related trap states could be eliminated by vacuum annealing, and the pinning of Fermi level at IGZO/Mo interface is inhibited. The intrinsic IGZO/Mo Schottky barrier height is 0.37 eV. It can be further modulated from ~0.6 eV to ~0 eV as the gate voltage is changed, because the Fermi level of IGZO thin films can be adjusted by the external gate field. Large on-off ratio on the source-drain current (~106) and low off current density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Acm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${}^{-{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) are achieved. The field effect mobility is ~102.58 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{{2}}\text{V}^{-{1}}\text{s}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, superior to the conventional IGZO TFTs. HfO2 passivation layer is utilized to suppress the diffusion of ambient O2 and thus enhance the stability of TFTs.
Inertial wave dynamics in a rotating liquid metal

Abstract The dynamics of free and forced inertial waves inside cylinders of different aspect ratios ( $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}A=H_0/2R_0$ ) were investigated experimentally in this study. The liquid metal GaInSn was chosen as the fluid in order to enable a contactless stimulation of the flow by means of alternating electromagnetic fields. A rotating magnetic field generates the rotating motion of the liquid, whereas periodic modulations of the field strength and short pulses excite specific wave modes. Ultrasound Doppler velocimetry was used to record the flow structure and to identify inertial waves in the set-up. Our experiments demonstrate selective excitation of different inertial wave modes by deliberate variation of the magnetic field parameters. Furthermore, it was found that turbulent perturbations in the boundary layers of the swirling flow are able to induce an inertial wave mode that survives over a long time. Experiments at the fundamental resonance have shown that multiple harmonic wave modes appeared simultaneously. The measured inertial wave frequencies were compared to the predictions of the linear inviscid theory.