Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rab10 is Involved in Basolateral Transport in Polarized Madin–Darby Canine Kidney Cells

The sorting of newly synthesized membrane proteins to the cell surface is an important mechanism of cell polarity. To identify more of the molecular machinery involved, we investigated the function of the small GTPase Rab10 in polarized epithelial Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. We find that GFP‐tagged Rab10 localizes primarily to the Golgi during early cell polarization. Expression of an activated Rab10 mutant inhibits biosynthetic transport from the Golgi and missorts basolateral cargo to the apical membrane. Depletion of Rab10 by RNA interference has only mild effects on biosynthetic transport and epithelial polarization, but simultaneous inhibition of Rab10 and Rab8a more strongly impairs basolateral sorting. These results indicate that Rab10 functions in trafficking from the Golgi at early stages of epithelial polarization, is involved in biosynthetic transport to the basolateral membrane and may co‐operate with Rab8.
Reconstructing the Cognitive World: The Next Step

In Reconstructing the Cognitive World, Michael Wheeler argues that we should turn away from the generically Cartesian philosophical foundations of much contemporary cognitive science research and proposes instead a Heideggerian approach. Wheeler begins with an interpretation of Descartes. He defines Cartesian psychology as a conceptual framework of explanatory principles and shows how each of these principles is part of the deep assumptions of orthodox cognitive science (both classical and connectionist). Wheeler then turns to Heidegger's radically non-Cartesian account of everyday cognition, which, he argues, can be used to articulate the philosophical foundations of a genuinely non-Cartesian cognitive science. Finding that Heidegger's critique of Cartesian thinking falls short, even when supported by Hubert Dreyfus's influential critique of orthodox artificial intelligence, Wheeler suggests a new Heideggerian approach. He points to recent research in "embodied-embedded" cognitive science and proposes a Heideggerian framework to identify, amplify, and clarify the underlying philosophical foundations of this new work. He focuses much of his investigation on recent work in artificial intelligence-oriented robotics, discussing, among other topics, the nature and status of representational explanation, and whether (and to what extent) cognition is computation rather than a noncomputational phenomenon best described in the language of dynamical systems theory. Wheeler's argument draws on analytic philosophy, continental philosophy, and empirical work to "reconstruct" the philosophical foundations of cognitive science in a time of a fundamental shift away from a generically Cartesian approach. His analysis demonstrates that Heideggerian continental philosophy and naturalistic cognitive science need not be mutually exclusive and shows further that a Heideggerian framework can act as the "conceptual glue" for new work in cognitive science.
Comparison of ECG Beat Classification methods on a Mobile System

The constant evolution of mobile technologies has lead to several systems with focus on the mobile electrocardiogram (ECG) telemonitoring of patients. They usually present a client-server architecture, where a web server centralizes the storage, management and processing of the patient’s signals, and a mobile phone is responsible for acquiring and transmitting the data over the internet (WAP or 3G) to the server. However, there are countries, like Brazil, whose mobile network services do not present full coverage, even in large urban areas. This leads to a lack of security under certain situations like emergency calls or critic patient’s monitoring when the patient is in an area without mobile network coverage. In these situations, the patient’s vital signals must be analyzed as soon as possible, in order to allow fast preventive or reactive actions to be taken. An alternative way to deal with this problem is to support the analysis of vital signals in a mobile phone which can be either offline or communicating through a cell phone network. Though, since mobile phones, compared to PCs, have slower CPUs and less internal memory, it’s important to select an ECG wave analysis method that is not costly with respect to computation time and memory usage. In this paper, we present comparison study made in order to select a reliable method for ECG beat classification running in a mobile phone. Three ECG beat classification methods were selected to be analyzed and implemented in a mobile phone. Tests were made in regions with limited cell phone network coverage in south Brazil. Test results were compared in order to choose a method whose implementation is efficient enough to run in a mobile phone and can achieve high accuracy on the classification of the ECGs, even if running in a phone with limited CPU as well as memory resources.
Half-Hearted Cooperation: A Theory of the Evolution of Altruistic Preferences

This paper presents an evolutionary model in which altruists and egoists simultaneously survive natural selection. Successive generations of randomly paired agents play a two-stage game consisting first of a choice of technology and second a choice of effort level. This setting induces a form of cooperation if at least one of the pair is an altruist but not when both are egoists. As a result, in the population steady state there is a positive fraction of both types of agent that is a function of the technology and of the altruists’ degree of regard for their opponents.
Fully-parallel pattern-matching engine with dynamic adaptability to Hamming or Manhattan distance

The proposed pattern-matching engine achieves distance-measure adaptability through pattern encoding and can therefore cover a wide range of high-performance real-time applications. Key to short nearest-match times is a compact fully-parallel associative-memory core. The performance of a 9.75 mm/sup 2/ test-circuit in 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS technology is about equivalent to a 32 bit computer with ITOPS. The test-circuit suggests possible pattern length /spl ges/768 equivalent bit, >10/sup 7/ pattern/sec throughput, <1.13% winner-input-distance error and <1.35 mW power dissipation per reference pattern.
Embroidering electrical interconnects with conductive yarn for the integration of flexible electronic modules into fabric

This paper shows how common embroidery can be used to integrate electronics into textile environment in a light and cost efficient way. A mechanism has been developed to embroider through flexible electronic modules using conductive yarn, thus creating an interconnection with other modules like sensors, batteries, textile keyboards, etc. Mold encapsulation has been found to improve the electrical contact and support the reliability of the whole system.
Conjunctive subtyping

We consider conjunctive types as a means of expressing subtypes, the conjuncts explicitly denoting the types at which an expression may be used. We present a translation from the framework of coercions into the conjunctive discipline, replacing the whole of the subsumption logic and the usual subsumption rule with just one rule [AE] for conjunction elimination; no introduction rule is required. The translation works over proof trees for a mild restriction of the coercion framework, and preserves information content. We present an efficient algorithm for the translation, which can be composed with earlier algorithms to form an inference algorithm for conjunctive types.
Selected ebselen analogs reduce mechlorethamine toxicity in vitro

Abstract Sulfur mustard (SM) is a potent vesicant. The lack of an effective antidote makes SM a continued threat to both military and civilian settings. A surrogate agent, namely mechlorethamine (HN2), was used here to mimic the toxicity of SM, and the main objective of this study was to demonstrate if selected organoselenium analogs could protect cultured A-431 skin cells from HN2 toxicity. Test compounds included ebselen (EB-1) and three related organoselenium analogs (EB-2, EB-3 and EB-4). In the absence of test compound, a reproducible and robust cell death was observed in the cells following incubation with HN2 (25 µM, 24 or 48 h) while cells treated with test compound alone (15, 30 or 60 µM) for similar periods of time were generally not affected. When incubated in the presence of both HN2 and test compound for 24 or 48 h, it was found that EB-1, EB-2, EB-3 and EB-4 could spare the cells from death, with the EB-4 compound being the most effective at reducing HN2 toxicity. Light microscopy confirmed these findings. The organoseleniums were also examined for their effects on reducing lipid peroxidation in the A-431 skin cells. Among the test compounds, EB-4 reduced lipid peroxidation by HN2 to the greatest extent. These studies, taken together, validate that the organoselenium antioxidants tested here may serve a purpose in the discovery of medical countermeasures to vesicants.
La céramique technique bigourdane nomade et sédentaire, entre espaces patrimoniaux et espaces transactionnels

Resume : Cet article a pour objectif de mettre en avant les dynamiques de recomposition d’une industrie historiquement liee a la presence d’une ressource locale (electricite hydroelectrique) qui s’est reconstruite autour de PME innovantes du secteur de la ceramique technique dans le departement des Hautes-Pyrenees. Nous insistons tout d’abord sur les processus de decomposition-recomposition du secteur grâce a la reconstitution diachronique du secteur. Nous montrons ensuite, a partir de la caracterisation des entreprises apparues lors de la phase de decomposition de l’acteur central CERAVER, l’intensite des transformations du systeme productif local. Dans ce contexte de refonte durable de ce secteur le role moteur des reseaux sociaux des acteurs en presence temoigne des manieres multiples dont le reseau et le territoire se conjuguent, approfondissant le role de la proximite non plus abordee comme rassemblement facteur structurant mais comme perspectives d’opportunites et de ressources dormantes. Le cadre d’action herite d’un siecle de presence de la ceramique technique dans la region de Tarbes – l’espace patrimonial – s’articule desormais a un espace transactionnel construit au travers des echanges noues dans le cadre du pole de competitivite Ceramique de Limoges ou s’invitent de nouveaux acteurs, l’Ecole Superieure des Arts et de la Ceramique (ESACT) de Tarbes et le Centre de Recherche sur les Arts du Feu et de la Terre (CRAFT). Mots cles : industrie ceramique technique, proximite, effet de lieu, reseaux sociaux, pole de competitivite Abstract: This chapter introduces the technical ceramic sector in the Hautes Pyrenees county. It aims at presenting the dynamics of recomposition of an industry historically linked to the presence of a local resource: electricity, hydroelectricity which was reconstructed around innovative small and average size industries. We first dwell on the process of decomposition, recomposition of the sector thanks to the perennial reconstitution of the sector we show, starting from the characteristics of the companies which appeared during the decomposition phase of the central actor CERAVER, the intensity of the transformation of the local productive system. The setting inherited from a century long presence of the technical ceramic in the Tarbes region – heritage area – is now linked to a transactional space built through the exchanges taking place within the framework of the pole of competitiveness of ceramic of Limoges, where new actors take part, the Ecole Superieure of the Art of Ceramics and Research Centre on the arts of Fire and Earth. Key-words: technical ceramic industry, proximity, impact of place, social networks, poles of competitiveness
Influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins modulate host recycling by competing with Rab11 effectors

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus assembly is an unclear process, whereby individual virion components form an infectious particle. The segmented nature of the influenza A genome imposes a problem to assembly because it requires packaging of eight distinct RNA particles (vRNPs). It also allows genome mixing from distinct parental strains, events associated with influenza pandemic outbreaks. It is important to public health to understand how segmented genomes assemble, a process that is dependent on the transport of components to assembly sites. Previously, it has been shown that vRNPs are carried by recycling endosome vesicles, resulting in a change of Rab11 distribution. Here, we describe that vRNP binding to recycling endosomes impairs recycling endosome function, by competing for Rab11 binding with family-interacting proteins, and that there is a causal relationship between Rab11 ability to recruit family-interacting proteins and Rab11 redistribution. This competition reduces recycling sorting at an unclear step, resulting in clustering of single- and double-membraned vesicles. These morphological changes in Rab11 membranes are indicative of alterations in protein and lipid homeostasis during infection. Vesicular clustering creates hotspots of the vRNPs that need to interact to form an infectious particle. Summary: Binding of influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins to the recycling endosome modulates its function, decreasing its sorting efficiency and inducing vesicular clustering.
Rotavirus Recombinant VP6 Nanotubes Act as an Immunomodulator and Delivery Vehicle for Norovirus Virus-Like Particles

We have recently shown that tubular form of rotavirus (RV) recombinant VP6 protein has an in vivo adjuvant effect on the immunogenicity of norovirus (NoV) virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine candidate. In here, we investigated in vitro effect of VP6 on antigen presenting cell (APC) activation and maturation and whether VP6 facilitates NoV VLP uptake by these APCs. Mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and dendritic cell line JAWSII were used as model APCs. Internalization of VP6, cell surface expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility class II molecules, and cytokine and chemokine production were analyzed. VP6 nanotubes were efficiently internalized by APCs. VP6 upregulated the expression of cell surface activation and maturation molecules and induced secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The mechanism of VP6 action was shown to be partially dependent on lipid raft-mediated endocytic pathway as shown by methyl-β-cyclodextrin inhibition on tumor necrosis factor α secretion. These findings add to the understanding of mechanism by which VP6 exerts its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory actions and further support its use as a part of nonlive RV-NoV combination vaccine.
Sleep Telemedicine: A Survey Study of Patient Preferences

Telemedicine is an increasingly recognized option for cost-effective management of chronic conditions. We surveyed Sleep Clinic patients about their experiences and preferences regarding different forms of telemedicine. Adult Sleep Clinic patients seen between 2009 and 2011 received a brief survey either by postal mail (n = 156) or, for those with an available email address, electronically (n = 282). The overall response rate was 28.1% (n = 123 responses), with email response rates being higher than postal mail responses. The most commonly reported barriers to in-person physician visits were parking cost (44%), time away from work/school (34%), and cost of gas (26%). Whereas 89% of respondents indicated using telephone and 55% of respondents indicated using email to communicate with providers, none reported experience with video telemedicine. Despite this lack of experience, over 60% reported feeling comfortable or willing to try it. Of those who were uncomfortable about video telemedicine, the two main reasons were that in-person visits feel more natural (48%) and that the doctor might need to perform an examination (24%). More than half of respondents reported willingness to pay a copay for a video visit. Video telemedicine represents a feasible option for chronic sleep disorders management.
A Testbed for Comparing Trust Computation Algorithms

Trust is the expectation of a person about another person’s behavior. Trust is important for many security related decisions about, e.g., granting or revoking privileges, controlling access to sensitive resources and information, or evaluating intelligence gathered from multiple sources. More often than not, the issue is complicated even further because the person making the decision has no direct trust relationship with every single subject whose trustworthiness needs to be evaluated. So, the decision maker needs to rely on recommendations by others, and then somehow aggregate the trust related information that is collected. In this work we provide an algebraic framework in which we can describe multiple ways that trust related information can be aggregated to form a single value. We show the similarities and differences that the various so called trust computation algorithms have, and associate these with the algebraic properties of the framework that we consider.
Cue-induced cocaine craving: neuroanatomical specificity for drug users and drug stimuli.

OBJECTIVE Cocaine-related cues have been hypothesized to perpetuate drug abuse by inducing a craving response that prompts drug-seeking behavior. However, the mechanisms, underlying neuroanatomy, and specificity of this neuroanatomy are not yet fully understood. METHOD To address these issues, experienced cocaine users (N=17) and comparison subjects (N=14) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while viewing three separate films that portrayed 1 ) individuals smoking crack cocaine, 2) outdoor nature scenes, and 3) explicit sexual content. Candidate craving sites were identified as those that showed significant activation in the cocaine users when viewing the cocaine film. These sites were then required to show significantly greater activation when contrasted with comparison subjects viewing the cocaine film (population specificity) and cocaine users viewing the nature film (content specificity). RESULTS Brain regions that satisfied these criteria were largely left lateralized and included the frontal lobe (medial and middle frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus), parietal lobe (bilateral inferior parietal lobule), insula, and limbic lobe (anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus). Of the 13 regions identified as putative craving sites, just three (anterior cingulate, right inferior parietal lobule, and the caudate/lateral dorsal nucleus) showed significantly greater activation during the cocaine film than during the sex film in the cocaine users, which suggests that cocaine cues activated similar neuroanatomical substrates as naturally evocative stimuli in the cocaine users. Finally, contrary to the effects of the cocaine film, cocaine users showed a smaller response than the comparison subjects to the sex film. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cocaine craving is not associated with a dedicated and unique neuroanatomical circuitry; instead, unique to the cocaine user is the ability of learned, drug-related cues to produce brain activation comparable to that seen with nondrug evocative stimuli in healthy comparison subjects.
State thresholding to accelerate reinforcement learning

Along with the learning convergence and nonstationary equilibria, important thing to be solved in Reinforcement Learning is the slow-learning problem. In highly dynamic and stochastic systems, Markov Decision Processes is often used to model the situation, and RL is used to produce optimum control values which are expressed by optimum policy. However, approaches to solving MDP's using RL depend on storing the optimal value function or Q-value function and action models as tables do not scale to large state-spaces. The number of states grow exponentially along with the number of agents, the state and action space, which cause the learning process become very slow since it needs a very large amount of computer memory, and yet it needs more computation than the most computer performance nowadays have offered. This paper addressed curse of dimensionality problem by reducing the states in the MDP iteratively using a novel algorithm called State Thresholding in Reinforcement Learning (STRL). STRL accelerate the learning process and empirically proven to outperformed Q learning algorithm.
Risk assessment for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia before allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation. Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Transplantation of blood or bone-marrow stem cells is the treatment of choice for selected patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Transplantation is used with increasing frequency and success, but remains associated with substantial risks of morbidity and mortality. Other treatments with satisfactory short-term outcome are available. For appropriate counselling of patients, a rapid and simple way to assess risk is needed. METHODS Data from 3142 patients (1873 [60%] male, 1269 [40%] female; mean age 34 years, range <1-60 years) treated with allogeneic blood or marrow transplants for CML between 1989 and 1997, reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), were used to develop and test a simple risk score based on previously reported major pretransplant risk factors: histocompatibility, stage of disease at time of transplantation, age and sex of donor and recipient, and time from diagnosis to transplantation. We analysed probabilities of survival, leukaemia-free survival, transplant-related mortality, and relapse incidence with respect to these risk factors. FINDINGS At the time of analysis, 1922 (61%) of the 3142 patients were alive-1567 (65%) of those with HLA-identical sibling donors and 417 (57%) of those with unrelated donors. 1682 (54%) were alive without relapse. 1220 (39%) patients had died, 1013 (83%) of transplant-related causes, 207 (17%) of relapse. 447 (14%) patients had relapsed. The final scoring system was highly predictive for leukaemia-free survival, survival and transplant-related mortality. Survival at 5 years was 72%, 70%, 62%, 48%, 40%, 18%, and 22% for patients with scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Risk of transplant-related mortality was 20%, 23%, 31%, 46%, 51%, 71%, and 73%. Data showed the same trends for HLA-identical sibling transplants and unrelated transplants for transplants done in 1989-93 and 1994-96. INTERPRETATION Pretransplant risk factors are cumulative for individual patients with CML having blood or marrow transplantation. A simple system based on five main factors gives adequate risk assessment for counselling of patients and taking decisions.
Rational Design of Anticytoadherence Inhibitors for Plasmodium falciparum Based on the Crystal Structure of Human Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1

ABSTRACT Adhesion of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) to host endothelium has been associated with pathology in malaria. Although the interaction with endothelial cells can be complex due to the relatively large number of host receptors available for binding, specific proteins have been identified that are more commonly used than others. For example, binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) is found frequently in parasites from pediatric cases of malaria. The binding site for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes on ICAM 1 has been mapped in some detail and is distinct from the site for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). Part of the ICAM 1 binding site for P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (the DE loop) was used to screen a library of compounds based on its structure (derived from the crystal structure of human ICAM 1). This resulted in the identification of 36 structural mimeotopes as potential competitive inhibitors of binding. One of these compounds, (+)-epigalloyl-catechin-gallate [(+)-EGCG], was found to inhibit IE adhesion to ICAM 1 in a dose-dependent manner with two variant ICAM 1-binding parasite lines, providing the first example of a potential mimeotope-based anticytoadherence inhibitor for Plasmodium falciparum.