Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of current classification, molecular alterations, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies in myeloproliferative disorders with hypereosinophilia

Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hypereosinophilia have led to the development of a ‘molecular’ classification of myeloproliferative disorders with eosinophilia. The revised 2008 World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms included a new category called “myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB or FGFR1. ” Despite the molecular heterogeneity of PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) rearrangements, tyrosine kinase inhibitors at low dose induce rapid and complete hematological remission in the majority of these patients. Other kinase inhibitors are promising. Further discoveries of new molecular alterations will direct the development of new specific inhibitors. In this review, an update of the classifications of myeloproliferative disorders associated with hypereosinophilia is discussed together with open and controversial questions. Molecular mechanisms and promising results of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments are reviewed.
An efficiency study of different model-based and measurement-based connection admission control techniques using heterogeneous traffic sources

Numerous research has been done on modeling the traffic flows in a multiservice network. An alternative proposal was made by Addie et al. (1998). The authors argued that because the central limit theorem can be applied to heavy traffic processes, therefore as more traffic is aggregated together through the sharing of a transmission link, the aggregated traffic will weakly converge to a Gaussian process. In this paper, we apply this Gaussian model to the connection admission control (CAC) of a multiservice network. We consider a store-and-forward (packet or cell-switched) connection-oriented multiservice network that can be based on the concept of asynchronous transfer mode. We also make efficiency comparison with a CAC based on an effective bandwidth model. Two scenarios were considered: the first assumes that all a priori traffic specifications are known before a CAC acceptance/rejection decision is made, while the second assumes that only the peak rate of a new (requesting admission) connection is declared to the CAC mechanism. The latter scenario entails a measurement-based CAC approach.
Etiology of child mortality in Goroka, Papua New Guinea: a prospective two-year study.

OBJECTIVE To collect accurate data on disease- and microbial-specific causes and avoidable factors in child deaths in a developing country. METHODS A systematic prospective audit of deaths of children seen at Goroka Hospital in the highlands of Papua New Guinea was carried out. Over a 24-month period, we studied 353 consecutive deaths of children: 126 neonates, 186 children aged 1-59 months, and 41 children aged 5-12 years. FINDINGS The most frequent age-specific clinical diagnoses were as follows: for neonates--very low birth weight, septicaemia, birth asphyxia and congenital syphilis; for children aged 1-59 months--pneumonia, septicaemia, marasmus and meningitis; and for children aged 5-12 years--malignancies and septicaemia. At least one microbial cause of death was identified for 179 (50.7%) children and two or more were identified for 37 (10.5%). Nine microbial pathogens accounted for 41% of all childhood deaths and 76% of all deaths that had any infective component. Potentially avoidable factors were identified for 177 (50%) of deaths. The most frequently occurring factors were as follows: no antenatal care in high-risk pregnancies (8.8% of all deaths), very delayed presentation (7.9%), vaccine-preventable diseases (7.9%), informal adoption or child abandonment leading to severe malnutrition (5.7%), and lack of screening for maternal syphilis (5.4%). Sepsis due to enteric Gram-negative bacilli occurred in 87 (24.6%). The strongest associations with death from Gram- negative sepsis were adoption/abandonment leading to severe malnutrition, village births, and prolonged hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in child mortality will depend on addressing the commonest causes of death, which include disease states, microbial pathogens, adverse social circumstances and health service failures. Systematic mortality audits in selected regions where child mortality is high may be useful for setting priorities, estimating the potential benefit of specific and non-specific interventions, and providing continuous feedback on the quality of care provided and the outcome of health reforms.
Which submodular functions are expressible using binary submodular functions

Submodular functions occur in many combinatorial optimisation problems and a number of polynomial-time algorithms have been devised to minimise such functions. The time complexity of the fastest known general algorithm for submodular function minimisation (SFM) is O(n6 + n5L), where n is the number of variables and L is the time required to evaluate the function. However, many important special cases of SFM can be solved much more efficiently, and with much simpler algorithms. For example, the (s, t)-Min-Cut problem is a special case of SFM which can be solved in cubic time. Moreover, any submodular function which can be expressed as a sum of binary submodular functions can be minimised by computing a minimal cut in a suitable graph. It has been known for some time that all ternary submodular functions are expressible in this way, by introducing additional variables. We have recently identified, for each k ≥ 4, a subclass of k-ary submodular functions which are also expressible in this way. It was previously an open question whether all submodular functions could be expressed as a sum of binary submodular functions over a larger set of variables: in this paper we show that they cannot. Moreover, we characterise precisely which 4-ary submodular functions can be expressed in this way. This result can also be seen as characterising which pseudo-Boolean functions of degree 4 can be expressed as projections of quadratic submodular functions. Our results provide a more efficient algorithm for certain discrete optimisation problems which can be formulated as valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSP). We define a new maximal class of VCSP instances with submodular constraints which are expressible using binary submodular functions with a bounded number of additional variables. It follows that optimal solutions to such instances can be computed in O((n+k)3) time, where n is the number of variables and k is the number of higher-order (non-binary) constraints, by a straightforward reduction to the (s, t)-Min-Cut problem. ∗Further copies of this Research Report may be obtained from the Librarian, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Computing Science, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, England (Telephone: +44-1865-273837, Email: library@comlab.ox.ac.uk). †Stanislav Živný gratefully acknowledges the support of EPSRC grant EP/F01161X/1.
The sixth annual knowledge-based software engineering conference (KBSE-91)

The 6th Annual Knowledge-Based Software Engineering Conference was held at the Sheraton University Inn and Conference Center in Syracuse, NY, from Sunday afternoon, September 22, through mid-day, Wednesday, September 25, 1991. This conference was sponsored by Rome Laboratory ((previously Rome Air Development Center) and held in cooperation with the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI).
Mapping the Risk of Soil-Transmitted Helminthic Infections in the Philippines

Background In order to increase the efficient allocation of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) disease control resources in the Philippines, we aimed to describe for the first time the spatial variation in the prevalence of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworm across the country, quantify the association between the physical environment and spatial variation of STH infection and develop predictive risk maps for each infection. Methodology/Principal Findings Data on STH infection from 35,573 individuals across the country were geolocated at the barangay level and included in the analysis. The analysis was stratified geographically in two major regions: 1) Luzon and the Visayas and 2) Mindanao. Bayesian geostatistical models of STH prevalence were developed, including age and sex of individuals and environmental variables (rainfall, land surface temperature and distance to inland water bodies) as predictors, and diagnostic uncertainty was incorporated. The role of environmental variables was different between regions of the Philippines. This analysis revealed that while A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura infections were widespread and highly endemic, hookworm infections were more circumscribed to smaller foci in the Visayas and Mindanao. Conclusions/Significance This analysis revealed significant spatial variation in STH infection prevalence within provinces of the Philippines. This suggests that a spatially targeted approach to STH interventions, including mass drug administration, is warranted. When financially possible, additional STH surveys should be prioritized to high-risk areas identified by our study in Luzon.
Epigenetic modification in chromatin machinery and its deregulation in pediatric brain tumors: Insight into epigenetic therapies

ABSTRACT Malignancies are characterized by the reprogramming of epigenetic patterns. This reprogramming includes gains or losses in DNA methylation and disruption of normal patterns of covalent histone modifications, which are associated with changes in chromatin remodeling processes. This review will focus on the mechanisms underlying this reprogramming and, specifically, on the role of histone modification in chromatin machinery and the modifications in epigenetic processes occurring in brain cancer, with a specific focus on epigenetic therapies for pediatric brain tumors.
Unified command and control for heterogeneous marine sensing networks

Successful command and control (C2) of autonomous vehicles poses challenges that are unique to the marine environment, primarily highly restrictive acoustic communications throughput. To address this, the Unified C2 architecture presented here uses a highly compressed short message encoding scheme (Dynamic Compact Control Language or DCCL) to transfer commands and receive vehicle status. DCCL is readily reconfigurable to provide the flexibility needed to change commands on short notice. Furthermore, operation of multiple types of vehicles requires a C2 architecture that is both scalable and flexible to differences among platform hardware and abilities. The Unified C2 architecture uses the MOOS‐IvP autonomy system to act as a “backseat driver” of the vehicle. This provides a uniform interface to the control system on all the vehicles. Also, a hierarchical configuration system is used to allow single changes in configuration to propagate to all vehicles in operation. Status data from all vehicles are displayed visually using Google Earth, which also allows a rapid meshing of data from other sources (sensors, automatic identification system, radar, satellites) from within, as well as outside of, the MOOS‐IvP architecture. Results are presented throughout from the CCLNET08, SQUINT08, GLINT08, GLINT09, SWAMSI09, and DURIP09 experiments involving robotic marine autonomous surface craft (ASCs) and Bluefin, OceanServer, and NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of novel drought-responsive microRNAs and trans-acting siRNAs from Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench by high-throughput sequencing analysis

Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasi-RNAs) play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and thus the control plant development and stress responses. In order to identify drought-responsive miRNAs and tasi-RNAs in sorghum, we constructed small RNA libraries from a drought tolerant (M35-1) and susceptible (C43) sorghum genotypes grown under control and drought stress conditions, and sequenced by Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx. Ninety seven conserved and 526 novel miRNAs representing 472 unique miRNA families were identified from sorghum. Ninety-six unique miRNAs were found to be regulated by drought stress, of which 32 were up- and 49 were down-regulated (fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ −2) at least in one genotype, while the remaining 15 miRNAs showed contrasting drought-regulated expression pattern between genotypes. A maximum of 17 and 18 miRNAs was differentially regulated under drought stress condition in the sensitive and tolerant genotypes, respectively. These results suggest that genotype dependent stress responsive regulation of miRNAs may contribute, at least in part, to the differential drought tolerance of sorghum genotypes. We also identified two miR390-directed TAS3 gene homologs and the auxin response factors as tasi-RNA targets. We predicted more than 1300 unique target genes for the novel and conserved miRNAs. These target genes were predicted to be involved in different cellular, metabolic, response to stimulus, biological regulation, and developmental processes. Genome-wide identification of stress-responsive miRNAs, tasi-RNAs and their targets identified in this study will be useful in unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress responses and genetic improvement of biomass production and stress tolerance in sorghum.
The X-ray spectra of the flaring and quiescent states of AT Microscopii observed by XMM-Newton ?

The X-ray spectrum of the late-type M-dwarf binary AT Mic (dM4.5e+dM4.5e) is observed in the wavelength range 1-40 A by means ofrgs and epic-mos on board XMM-Newton. During the exposure a flare occured. We have performed a 3-temperature fit and a DEM-modeling to the flaring and quiescent part of the spectrum. We report the coronal temperature distribution, emission measures, and abundances of the flaring and quiescent state of this bright X-ray source. The temperature range stretches from about 1 to 60 MK. The total volume emission measure in this temperature interval is 12:2 10 51 cm 3 for the quiescent state and 19:5 10 51 cm 3 for the flare state. This dierence is due to the contribution of the hot temperature component. The high-resolution spectrum of AT Mic, obtained byrgs, is dominated by the H- and He-like transitions of C, N, O, and Ne and by Fexvii lines, produced by the plasma with temperatures from 1 to 10 MK. Theepic-mos spectrum below 10 A shows H- and He-like Ne, Si and the iron K-shell transitions. They are produced by the hot component (30 MK). The iron K-shell is more prominent in the flare state. The abundance pattern in the quiescent state of AT Mic shows the depletion of low-FIP elements relative to high-FIP elements, indicating the presence of an I(nverse)FIP eect in this active star. In the flare state, however, some flattening of this IFIP eect is present.
Sketch-based 3D model retrieval using diffusion tensor fields of suggestive contours

The number of available 3D models in various areas increase steadily. Effective methods to search for those 3D models by content, rather than textual annotations, are crucial. For this purpose, we propose a new approach for content based 3D model retrieval by hand-drawn sketch images. This approach to retrieve visually similar mesh models from a large database consists of three major steps: (1) suggestive contour renderings from different viewpoints to compare against the user drawn sketches; (2) descriptor computation by analyzing diffusion tensor fields of suggestive contour images or the query sketch respectively; (3) similarity measurement to retrieve the models and the most probable view-point from which a model was sketched. Our proposed sketch based 3D model retrieval system is very robust against variations of shape, pose or partial occlusion of the user draw sketches. Experimental results are presented and indicate the effectiveness of our approach for sketch-based 3D mode retrieval.
Retroviral gene therapy in ApoE-deficient mice: ApoE expression in the artery wall reduces early foam cell lesion formation.

BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has long been known to play an important role in the clearance of plasma lipoproteins. More recently, a direct role for apoE in delaying atherogenesis has been proposed. Macrophage production of apoE in the artery wall has been demonstrated to provide protection against atherosclerotic lesion development independently from its role in lipoprotein clearance. However, whether macrophage apoE can affect lesion growth at all stages of atherogenesis remains to be established. METHODS AND RESULTS To evaluate the role of macrophage apoE in different stages of atherogenesis, as well as to establish a novel gene therapy approach to atherosclerotic vascular disease, we used an apoE-expressing retrovirus to transduce apoE-deficient (-/-) bone marrow for transplantation into apoE(-/-) recipient mice. Three weeks after bone marrow transplantation, apoE was expressed from arterial macrophages and was detectable in plasma associated with lipoproteins at 0.5% to 1% of normal levels but did not affect plasma cholesterol levels. We used 2 groups of recipient mice: younger mice with lesions consisting primarily of foam cells and older mice with more advanced lesions. When either the mouse or human apoE transgenes were expressed in mice from 5 to 13 weeks of age, there was a significant reduction in lesion area, whereas no effects were detected in mice that expressed apoE from 10 to 26 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that arterial macrophage apoE secretion can delay atherogenesis if expressed during foam cell formation but is not beneficial during the later stages of atherogenesis. These data also provide evidence that apoE transgene expression from arterial macrophages may have therapeutic applications.
The Relation between Activity and Environment in Compact Groups of Galaxies

We present the results of the classification of spectral activity types for 193 galaxies from a new sample of 49 compact groups of galaxies in the southern hemisphere (SCGs). The SCGs represents a new sample of compact groups selected in automated fashion from a digitized galaxy catalog, covering an area of ∼5200 deg2 around the south Galactic pole. It is complete up to m ∼ 14.5 in bj for the brightest galaxy of the group. This sample is very well suited for statistical studies of compact groups properties as it is unaffected by the biases introduced by visual selection methods. The spectral analysis of the SCG galaxies confirms the results previously obtained from the observation of a smaller sample of 17 CGs in Hickson's sample (HCG). We confirm the luminosity-activity and morphology-activity relations previously observed in HCGs: (1) low-luminosity AGNs and AGNs are preferentially located in the most luminous galaxies in the groups, while non-emission–line galaxies and star-forming galaxies share a common distribution among the less luminous galaxies; (2) the non-emission–line galaxies, the low-luminosity AGNs and AGNs are nearly all in early-type galaxies, while the star-forming galaxies are preferentially located in late-type spirals. We also verified that the number of "evolved" galaxies (early-type non-emission–line galaxies) significantly increases with the number of members in the group. Finally, we confirm that AGNs (including low-luminosity or dwarf AGNs) are the most frequent (41%) activity type encountered in CGs. The SCGs contain more star-forming galaxies and less non-emission–line galaxies than HCGs. This difference is possibly related to the different selection criteria of SCGs with respect to HCGs. Being selected in an automated way, the SCGs probe a wider range of physical properties than the HCGs, which are biased toward more easily detectable, denser and therefore more evolved groups. The star-forming galaxies in SCGs are composed of few starburst galaxies and a higher number of H II nucleus galaxies, which generally have less intense star formation than starburst galaxies. As a consequence, the star formation activity in SCGs is remarkably low. At the same time, we found clear evidence for nuclear activity in all the star-forming galaxies. Adding up the percentage of AGNs and star-forming galaxies showing evidence of nuclear activity would result in more than 70% of the galaxies in SCGs having an active nucleus. If these results are further confirmed, CGs will be in the local universe the best location where to find AGNs. Curiously, however, this characteristic of CGs generally excludes Seyfert 1 galaxies.
DNA Metabarcoding Reveals Diet Overlap between the Endangered Walia Ibex and Domestic Goats - Implications for Conservation

Human population expansion and associated degradation of the habitat of many wildlife species cause loss of biodiversity and species extinctions. The small Simen Mountains National Park in Ethiopia is one of the last strongholds for the preservation of a number of afro-alpine mammals, plants and birds, and it is home to the rare endemic Walia ibex, Capra walie. The narrow distribution range of this species as well as potential competition for resources with livestock, especially with domestic goat, Capra hircus, may compromise its future survival. Based on a curated afro-alpine taxonomic reference library constructed for plant taxon identification, we investigated the diet of the Walia ibex and addressed the dietary overlap with domestic goat using DNA metabarcoding of faecal samples. Faeces of both species were collected from different localities in the National Park. We show that both species are browsers, with forbs, shrubs and trees comprising the largest proportion of their diet, supplemented by grasses. There was a considerable overlap in dietary preferences. Several of the preferred diet items of the Walia ibex (Alchemilla sp., Hypericum revolutum, Erica arborea and Rumex sp.) were also among the most preferred diet items of the domestic goat. These results indicate that there is potential for competition between the two species, especially during the dry season, when resources are limited. Our findings, in combination with the expected increase in domestic herbivores, suggest that management plans should consider the potential threat posed by domestic goats to ensure future survival of the endangered Walia ibex.
Optimization of project effort estimate using neural network

Software project effort estimate is an important means to ensure software development. Software estimation is an integral, costly, time consuming activity in the software development life cycle. It involves running the system being developed under a variety of circumstances and configurations. As the volume and complexity of software applications are continuously increasing, software estimate becomes very effort intensive task and is prone to errors. Hence, accurate estimation is not only save time and resources when applications are updated or developed but also speed up the process of update or development. Estimation is more than a set of estimate runs to generate apparent results. It includes accurate cost, effort, time, benefit monitoring, interpreting a broad range of result etc. Considering all these aspects it has been the intention to develop a generalized user friendly estimation environment for software development, where any software can be estimated with minimal manual interaction. This paper presents a performance analysis of artificial neural network. Furthermore it is the intention to minimize the magnitude of relative errors between actual effort and calculated effort.