Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CXADR: From an Essential Structural Component to a Vital Signaling Mediator in Spermatogenesis

Canonical coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) is a transmembrane component of cell junctions that is crucial for cardiac and testicular functions via its homophilic and heterophilic interaction. CXADR is expressed in both Sertoli cells and germ cells and is localized mainly at the interface between Sertoli-Sertoli cells and Sertoli-germ cells. Knockout of CXADR in mouse Sertoli cells specifically impairs male reproductive functions, including a compromised blood-testis barrier, apoptosis of germ cells, and premature loss of spermatids. Apart from serving as an important component for cell junctions, recent progress has showed the potential roles of CXADR as a signaling mediator in spermatogenesis. This review summarizes current research progress related to the regulation and role of CXADR in spermatogenesis as well as in pathological conditions. We hope this review provides some future directions and a blueprint to promote the further study on the roles of CXADR.
Capability and Blockchain-Based Fine-Grained and Flexible Access Control Model

Currently, the integration of blockchain into access control systems has become a new research trend. However, existing access control systems still have problems such as easy confusion of capability authorisation subjects, inflexible capability granting and revocation, insufficient granularity of capability, insecure capability transfer and lack of capability verification. To solve these problems, this work proposes Capability & Blockchain-based Fine-grained and Flexible Access Control (CB2FAC), defines new capability authorisation rules, and designs an authorisation tree with capability revocation list to meet the needs of flexibility and timeliness of capability revocation. Finally, simulation experiments show that CB2FAC is flexible and secure in granting, revoking, granularity control and verification of capability, and significantly outperforms the existing scheme in terms of performance.
Pair Plasma Production in a Force-free Magnetosphere around a Supermassive Black Hole

We quantitatively solve the problem of plasma supply to the stationary, axisymmetric, force-free magnetosphere of a rotating black hole residing in an active galactic nucleus. At the plasma source from which both inflowing and outflowing charge-separated plasmas originate, the shortage of charge will lead to the emergence of a strong electric field along the magnetic field line. The parallel electric field accelerates migratory electrons and/or positrons to ultrarelativistic energies. These relativistic electrons/positrons scatter background photons to produce high-energy γ-rays that can materialize as pairs by colliding with background photons. The produced pairs replenish the inflowing and outflowing charges and are accelerated to result in a stationary pair production cascade. It is demonstrated that a sufficient amount of plasma can be supplied for the Blandford-Znajek process to work effectively.
MG-MAMPOSSt, a Fortran code to test gravity at galaxy-cluster scales

1 Osservatorio Astronomico della Regione Autonoma Valle d’Aosta, Loc. Lignan 39, I-11020, Nus, Italy 2 CEICO, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czechia 3 INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy 4 IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy 5 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (UMR 7095, CNRS and Sorbonne Université), 98 bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France 6 Institute of Theoretical Physics, Philosophenweg 16, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany ¶ Corresponding author DOI: 10.21105/joss.04800
An optical polarization study of the Reipurth 50 nebulosity

L'etude des petites nebulosites dans les nuages moleculaires d'Orion avait amene la decouverte d'une nebuleuse de forme conique illuminee par une etoile nouvellement nee. Une carte de polarisation lineaire du complexe Re 50 est presentee, la localisation de la source est identifiee et sa nature est discutee
AN ALTERNATIVE PARAMETRIC APPROACH FOR DISCRETE MISSING DATA PROBLEMS

We propose an iterative method of estimation for discrete missing data problems that is conceptually different from the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm and that does not in general yield the observed data maximum likelihood estimate (MLE). The proposed approach is based conceptually upon weighting the set of possible complete-data MLEs. Its implementation avoids the expectation step of EM, which can sometimes be problematic. In the simple case of Bernoulli trials missing completely at random, the iterations of the proposed algorithm are equivalent to the EM iterations. For a familiar genetics-oriented multinomial problem with missing count data and for the motivating example with epidemiologic applications that involves a mixture of a left censored normal distribution with a point mass at zero, we investigate the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator and find it to be competitive with that of the MLE. We give some intuitive justification for the method, and we explore an interesting connection between our algorithm and multiple imputation in order to suggest an approach for estimating standard errors.
Multi Techniques for Agricultural Image Disease Classification and Detection: A Review

The agriculture sector has a significant impact on the market in every country. Identifying crop disease with conventional methods is a hard operation and it needs more time, effort, and experts with continuous farm monitoring. Blight and other crop diseases have severe consequences on crop yields and cause enormous economic losses worldwide. Plant health monitoring and disease detection are critical components of sustainable agriculture. Machine learning and deep learning techniques are used to identify plant diseases and associated with severity detection in plant leaves. The adoption of these techniques still faces several important challenges. In recent years, improvements in technology and researchers’ interest in this area have made it possible to obtain an optimal solution. In addition to providing a detailed explanation of the proposed technique, which is deep learning architecture that uses the deep convolutional extreme learning machine (DC-ELM) for faster training, this study focuses on how machine learning and deep learning techniques detect plant diseases and infections that affect different crops. The proposed model is capable of providing good computational performance and allowing the learning process to be completed with less processing time. Finally, several challenges and problems with the existing system, as well as future research objectives, are enumerated and discussed.
A Dynamic Multistage Hybrid Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithm for Function Optimization

A novel dynamic multistage hybrid swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is introduced, which is abbreviated as DM-PSO-ABC. The DM-PSO-ABC combined the exploration capabilities of the dynamic multiswarm particle swarm optimizer (PSO) and the stochastic exploitation of the cooperative artificial bee colony algorithm (CABC) for solving the function optimization. In the proposed hybrid algorithm, the whole process is divided into three stages. In the first stage, a dynamic multiswarm PSO is constructed to maintain the population diversity. In the second stage, the parallel, positive feedback of CABC was implemented in each small swarm. In the third stage, we make use of the particle swarm optimization global model, which has a faster convergence speed to enhance the global convergence in solving the whole problem. To verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm, various scale benchmark problems are tested to demonstrate the potential of the proposed multistage hybrid swarm intelligence optimization algorithm. The results show that DM-PSO-ABC is better in the search precision, and convergence property and has strong ability to escape from the local suboptima when compared with several other peer algorithms.
The role of the current profile in the improved H-mode scenario in ASDEX Upgrade

Recent studies at ASDEX Upgrade aim to further characterize and understand the physics of the improved H-mode scenario. The main focus is on the influence of the ramp-up phase of the plasma current and heating on energy confinement and MHD-activity during the subsequent flat-top phase. Depending on the ramp-up scenario two different stationary plasmas can be generated, which show different equilibrated current profiles, although external control parameters are the same in the flat-top phase. The difference of the current profiles in the flat-top phase seems to be due to different MHD-modes. These MHD-modes set in during relaxation of the current profile, which itself depends on the ramp-up scenario. Also the stored energy is different in the two cases as is the peaking of the temperature profiles. Three mechanisms seem to play a role in linking the observed changes in MHD-behaviour and current profile to the changes of the kinetic profiles: the increased transport due to the MHD-modes themselves, the variation of the ratio of magnetic shear s to safety factor q, which modifies the critical temperature gradient length for the onset of ion temperature gradients, and effects on the H-mode pedestal pressure.
A numerical re-evaluation of the Mcdonald-Vaughan model for Raman depth profiling

We re-evaluate the Macdonald-Vaughan model for Raman depth profiling [J. Raman Spectrosc. 38, 584 (2007)]. The model is an geometrical description of the sample regions from which Raman signal is collected in a confocal geometry and indicates that Raman signal also originates from far outside the focus. Although correct shapes of Raman depth profiles were obtained, quantitatively the results were not satisfactory, in view of the highly deviating values of the fitted extinction coefficients of the sample material. Our re-evaluation, based on a new numerical implementation of the model, indicates that the model is not only capable of predicting the proper profiles but also yields the right extinction coefficients. As a result, the model now is highly useful for interpretation of depth profiles, also for biomedical samples such as the human skin.
A convex optimization procedure to compute ℋ︁2 and ℋ︁∞ norms for uncertain linear systems in polytopic domains

In this paper, a convergent numerical procedure to compute ℋ︁2 and ℋ︁∞ norms of uncertain time‐invariant linear systems in polytopic domains is proposed. The norms are characterized by means of homogeneous polynomially parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions of arbitrary degree g solving parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities. Using an extension of Pólya's Theorem to the case of matrix‐valued polynomials, a sequence of linear matrix inequalities is constructed in terms of an integer d providing a Lyapunov solution for a given degree g and guaranteed ℋ︁2 and ℋ︁∞ costs whenever such a solution exists. As the degree of the homogeneous polynomial matrices increases, the guaranteed costs tend to the worst‐case norm evaluations in the polytope. Both continuous‐ and discrete‐time uncertain systems are investigated, as illustrated by numerical examples that include comparisons with other techniques from the literature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Japanese Version of the Object-Spatial Imagery Questionnaire (J-OSIQ)

The Object-Spatial Imagery Questionnaire (OSIQ) is a measure of individual differences in visual imagery preferences. In the present study, we attempted to develop a Japanese version of the OSIQ (J-OSIQ). On the basis of principal components analysis, we obtained two factors in the questionnaire. An object imagery scale (15 items) assesses preferences for representing colorful, pictorial, high-resolution images of individual objects or scenes. A spatial imagery scale (15 items) assesses preferences for representing schematic images of objects and spatial locations of objects. The reliabilities of these factors were similar to those of the original version. Additionally, we showed that the object imagery scale was selectively correlated with object imagery measures, whereas the spatial imagery scale was selectively correlated with spatial imagery tests. These results demonstrate that the J-OSIQ is useful for measuring preferences for object and spatial imagery in Japanese.
Low Stiffness SEA Design for Use in Rehabilitation Robots for Active Exercises

Active exercise is a type of rehabilitation exercise in which an exerciser has voluntary control of their body movements. Rehabilitation robots (or devices) for these exercise are designed to provide exercising conditions. One of their tasks involves the application of force or torque to exercisers in order to adjust the exercise load progressively. A Series elastic actuator (SEA) can be used to perform this function. In this paper, utilizing a SEA with low stiffness is proposed as a suitable design option for the purpose of active exercise. This paper demonstrates this by using torque control experiments to theoretically examine SEAs with three different stiffness values.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cultivar ‘FuDingDaBaiCha’

Abstract The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cultivar ‘FuDingDaBaiCha’ (FD), one of the key contributors to the history of tea breeding in China, was determined in this study. The cp genome of FD is 157,025 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC, 86,586 bp), a small single-copy (SSC, 18,277 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb, 26,081 bp). The overall GC content is 37.3%. A total of 137 genes were predicted, including 92 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FD was closely related to C. sinensis cv. ‘AnHua’, C. sinensis cv. ‘QianCha 1’, and C. sinensis cv. ‘BanTianYao’. The determination of the complete cp genome sequence of FD provides a way for the subsequent study of the genetic background and phylogenetic relationships of different tea plant cultivars.
Magnetization dynamics in an exchange-coupled NiFe/CoFe bilayer studied by x-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance

Exchange-coupled hard and soft magnetic layers find extensive use in data storage applications, for which their dynamical response has great importance. With bulk techniques, such as ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), it is difficult to access the behaviour and precise influence of each individual layer. By contrast, the synchrotron radiation-based technique of x-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance (XFMR) allows element-specific and phase-resolved FMR measurements in the frequency range 0.5–11 GHz. Here, we report the study of the magnetization dynamics of an exchange-coupled Ni0.81Fe0. 19 (43.5 nm)/Co0.5Fe0.5 (30 nm) bilayer system using magnetometry and vector network analyser FMR, combined with XFMR at the Ni and Co L2 x-ray absorption edges. The epitaxially grown bilayer exhibits two principal resonances denoted as the acoustic and optical modes. FMR experiments show that the Kittel curves of the two layers cannot be taken in isolation, but that their modelling needs to account for an interlayer exchange coupling. The angular dependence of FMR indicates a collective effect for the modes of the magnetically hard CoFe and soft NiFe layer. The XFMR precessional scans show that the acoustic mode is dominated by the Ni signal with the Co and Ni magnetization precessing in phase, whereas the optical mode is dominated by the Co signal with the Co and Ni magnetization precessing in anti-phase. The response of the Co signal at the Ni resonance, and vice versa, show induced changes in both amplitude and phase, which can be ascribed to the interface exchange coupling. An interesting aspect of phase-resolved XFMR is the ability to distinguish between static and dynamic exchange coupling. The element-specific precessional scans of the NiFe/CoFe bilayer clearly have the signature of static exchange coupling, in which the effective field in one layer is aligned along the magnetization direction of the other layer.
Emission characteristics of two-dimensional organic photonic crystal lasers fabricated by replica molding

We report on the far-field emission characteristics of two-dimensional photonic crystal-based organic waveguide lasers. The photonic crystals possess square vein, triangular, and honeycomb symmetries. The two-dimensional gratings are fabricated by employing soft lithographic methods. The far-field pattern that we observe is a result of out-of-plane diffractive coupling of the laser emission generated in the plane of the waveguide. This emission pattern offers a convenient and powerful way to evaluate the nature of laser action in such resonators. In devices which possess defects/breaks in the periodicity of the two-dimensional grating, laser emission generated in-plane is scattered in the plane of the waveguide. This phenomenon is the photonic crystal analogue of Kikuchi scattering in electronic crystals.
Buoyancy reversal and cloud‐top entrainment instability

In 1980, Randall suggested that cloud top entrainment instability, a runaway positive feedback between mixing, evaporative cooling and entrainment, may cause the transition from the subtropical stratocumulus layers, frequently observed over the cold water of the eastern oceans, to tradewind cumulus. Predicting how the mean position of this transition, and the associated large change in albedo, would vary with, and feed back on, a change in climate is important for any credible model of the climate system. We have used numerical and laboratory simulations, as well as field observations, to study entrainment in buoyancy-reversing systems. We consider a system in which an upper fluid stably overlies a second lower fluid; but some mixtures are less buoyant than either fluid. the laboratory results show that buoyancy reversal does not cause runaway ‘explosive entrainment’ unless D (the ratio of the density difference between the most cooled mixed parcel and the lower fluid to the density difference across the unmixed layers, a measure of CEI potential) exceeds 1.3, which is far greater than the range of D observed in stratocumulus. For D below this threshold, buoyancy reversal leads to weak circulations rather reminiscent of Rayleigh-Benard convection in the lower layer, but only slightly distorts the interface. For D > 1.3 an entrainment tongue of upper fluid penetrates a sizable fraction of the depth of the lower layer and entrainment is explosively rapid. Numerical experiments suggest that even when 0 < D < 1.3, entrainment can break up idealized subtropical marine stratocumulus within about an hour if radiation and surface fluxes are removed, but comparison of numerical simulations with the laboratory experiments suggests that the numerically simulated entrainment rate may be substantially too large in this regime owing to the inability to accurately produce and resolve the entraining eddies. Our observations of stratocumulus from FIRE typically had a strong stable layer above the cloud top inversions, leading to some ambiguity in defining D, but clearly show that stable stratocumulus layers often have 0 < D < 0.2. We suggest that sudden breakup of stratocumulus due to runaway entrainment is unlikely, but evaporatively enhanced entrainment may aid the transition from stratocumulus to tradewind cumulus in conjunction with some other mechanism, such as short-wave absorption by liquid water, that can help dynamically decouple the cloud layer from the surface layer.
What in the (quantum) world is macroscopic

The notion of the macroscopic in fundamental quantum theory is analyzed. After a brief summary of use of the term macroscopic, its use in quantum theory is compared with its previous use elsewhere. Next, the connections specifically to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and quantum measurement theory more generally, where this term first began to deviate from previous uses, are explained and exhibited through a number of examples. Then, recent attempts to define accurately and quantitatively the extent of being macroscopic, that is, macroscopicity are discussed and their implications considered. This is done most particularly in the realm of quantum optics, where it differs most from previous uses and has recently been of considerable interest. Finally, with the benefit of this analysis, recommendations are made regarding future use of the notion of the macroscopic in fundamental physics.
Maximal function estimates with applications to a modified Kadomstev-Petviashvili equation

In this paper we give optimal (up to endpoint) maximal function type estimates for the solution of the linear initial value problem associated with the Kadomstev-Petviashvili I equation. These estimates enable us to obtain a well-posedness result for a modified Kadomstev-Petviashvili I equation.
Relation entre les coefficients de m´lange longitudinal et transversal dans des cours d'eau naturels

This paper proposes a new equation for predicting the transversal mixing coefficient giving the mean values of the longitudinal mixing coefficient, the quantity of flow, the depth of flow and the ratio width to depth of the river. This equation is developped from the relation between the transversal and the longitudinal coefficient proposed by the authors in 1994 taking into account all the data found in litterature of all the mixing coefficients (transversal and longitudinal) measured simultanously with the same hydraulic conditions. The proposed formula expresses the transversal coefficient as a fonction of the longitudinal coefficient. This new formula is more representative of the experimental results and confirms the trend of recent years to use the product of coefficients (Kl Kt rather than Kl/Kt) to describe the interaction between the transversal and the longitudinal mixing coefficients.
Assessing Landsat-8 atmospheric correction schemes in low to moderate turbidity waters from a global perspective

ABSTRACT Atmospheric correction is one of the major challenges in ocean color remote sensing, thus threatening comprehensive evaluation of water quality within aquatic environments. In this study, five state-of-the-art atmospheric correction (AC) processors (i.e. Acolite, C2RCC, iCOR, L2gen, and Polymer) were applied to Operational Land Imager (OLI) Landsat-8 scenes and evaluated against in situ measurements across various types of waters worldwide. A total of 262 matchups between in situ measured and satellite-derived remote sensing reflectance (R rs) at 20 sites were obtained between August 2013 and August 2021. Classification of optical water types (OWTs) was carried out using in situ measurements with matched satellite observations. OWT-specific analysis demonstrated that L2gen produced the most accurate R rs with R 2 ≥ 0.74 and root mean squared error (RMSE) ≤ 0.0018 sr–1 for the four visible bands of OLI, followed by Polymer, C2RCC, iCOR, and Acolite. In terms of R rs spectral similarity, C2RCC yielded the lowest spectral angle (SA) of 8.55°, followed by L2gen (SA = 9.20°). The advantage and disadvantage of each AC scheme were discussed. Recommendations to improve the accuracy for atmospheric correction were made, such as polarization observations and concurrent aerosol and ocean color measurements.