Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping the inner experience of wilderness: An organizing framework

Wilderness can be a place for human transformation, with the wilderness experience increasingly recognized as being restorative and a positive contributor to psychological well-being (Talbot and Kaplan 1986; Kaplan and Kaplan 1989; Scherl 1989; Harper 1995; Mace et al. 2004; Garg et al. 2010; Hinds 2011; Ewert et al. 2011; DPIPWE 2014; European Wilderness Society 2014). Restorative benefits from the wilderness experience include tranquility and inner peace (Kaplan and Kaplan 1989; Cumes 1998); calmness, relaxation, refreshment, revitalization (White et al. 2013), and mental and physical renewal (Talbot and Kaplan 1986); changes in perception, enjoyment, fascination, and sensory awareness (Kaplan and Talbot 1983); a sense of wholeness (Kaplan and Kaplan 1989); self-discovery, confidence, and well-being (Hinds 2011); self-insight and expansion of the "self" (Kaplan and Talbot 1983; Greenway 1995); and personal and interpersonal (social) development (Hine et al. 2011). While past research confirming the restorative and psychological benefits attributable to wilderness experiences is persuasive, little work has been done on plotting the mechanisms responsible. A coherent and integrated approach is needed to advance the field. Identification of possible factors would increase our knowledge of the restorative value of wilderness and contributes to what Watson (2004) described as a new era of public land stewardship – stewarding the relationship between people and wilderness. Understanding those relationships and their influences allows managers to manage for their protection. In this article, a multidimensional conceptual framework is proposed – the wilderness experience pathway schema (WEPS) (Figure 1) – potentially causal to explaining the "psychological wilderness response. "
The Kiel Institute for the World Economy

The paper analyzes the inuence of minimum wages on rmsincentive to train their employees. We show that this inuence rests on two countervailing e¤ects: minimum wages (i) augment wage compression and thereby raise rmsincentives to train and (ii) reduce the pro tability of employees, raise the ring rate and thereby reduce training. Our analysis shows that the relative strength of these two e¤ects depends on the employeesability levels. Our striking result is that minimum wages give rise to skills inequality: a rise in the minimum wage leads to less training for low-ability workers and more training for those of higher ability. In short, minimum wages create a "low-skill trap. " JEL-Classi cation: J24, J31
Update on acute myeloid leukemia stem cells: New discoveries and therapeutic opportunities

The existence of cancer stem cells has been well established in acute myeloid leukemia. Initial proof of the existence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) was accomplished by functional studies in xenograft models making use of the key features shared with normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) such as the capacity of self-renewal and the ability to initiate and sustain growth of progenitors in vivo. Significant progress has also been made in identifying the phenotype and signaling pathways specific for LSCs. Therapeutically, a multitude of drugs targeting LSCs are in different phases of preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on recent discoveries which have advanced our understanding of LSC biology and provided rational targets for development of novel therapeutic agents. One of the major challenges is how to target the self-renewal pathways of LSCs without affecting normal HSCs significantly therefore providing an acceptable therapeutic window. Important issues pertinent to the successful design and conduct of clinical trials evaluating drugs targeting LSCs will be discussed as well.
Les effets de l'assouplissement de la carte scolaire dans la banlieue parisienne

Cette recherche a pour ambition de saisir les effets potentiels de l'assouplissement de la carte scolaire sur trois points principaux : le profil des etablissements, les demandes de derogation (flux, motifs, caracteristiques des colleges de depart et d'arrivee, etc.), et enfin les comportements et les representations des parents ayant recours a cette demarche. Le premier chapitre propose une vue d'ensemble des evolutions du profil des colleges, le deuxieme presente l'articulation entre la segregation residentielle et la segregation scolaire, le troisieme analyse plus en detail les flux et les caracteristiques des demandes de derogation a differentes echelles, et enfin le quatrieme chapitre s'interesse plus directement au ressenti des parents engages dans ce processus.
60 GHz DataCenter Networking : Wireless ⇒ Worry less ?

Cabling complexity in data centers is reaching unmanageable proportions, leading to maintenance challenges, inefficient cooling, and substantial operational costs (about 7-8% of the total infrastructure cost according to a recent study). To reduce this complexity, this paper envisions replacing some or all of the wires in the data centers with wireless interconnects operating in the 60 GHz range. We describe several features that 60 GHz radios offer, and discuss their suitability in meeting the stringent capacity, reliability and security requirements in data centers. We propose an approach to enable rapid and seamless deployment of wireless interconnects in data centers, and identify interesting challenges in realizing this vision.
Incidence and risk factors for the progression of proximal junctional kyphosis in degenerative lumbar scoliosis following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion, and to search for predictable risk factors for the progression of junctional kyphosis.In total 98 DLS patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up were reviewed prospectively. According to the occurrence of PJK at the last follow-up, patients were divided into 2 groups: PJK group and non-PJK group. To investigate risk values for the progression of PJK, 3 categorized factors were analyzed statistically: patient characteristics—preoperative data of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) were investigated; surgical variables—the most proximal and distal levels of the instrumentation, the number of instrumented levels; pre- and postoperative radiographic parameters include the scoliotic angle, sagittal vertical axis, thoracic kyphosis, thoracolumbar junctional angle, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, and sacral slope.PJK was developed in 17 of 98 patients (17.3%) until to the final follow-up and were enrolled as the PJK group, and 81 patients without PJK at final follow-up were enrolled as the non-PJK group. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in age at operation (P = 0.900). The patient's sex was excluded in statistical analysis because of the predominance of female patients. There were statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in BMI ([25.5 ± 1.7] kg/m2 in the PJK group and [23.6 ± 1.9] kg/m2 in the non-PJK group, P < 0.001) and BMD ([–1.4 ± 0.8] g/cm2 in the PJK group and [−0.7 ± 0.3] g/cm2 in the non-PJK group, P < 0.001). No specific surgery-related variables were found to be associated with an increased risk of developing PJK, except when the most proximal instrumented vertebrae stopped at thoracolumbar junction (T11-L1). The upper instrumentation vertebrae (UIV) at thoracolumbar junction was more common in the PJK group than that in the non-PJK group (P = 0.007). No preoperative and early postoperative variable did reveal a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. When included in a multivariate logistic regression model, BMI>25 kg/m2, osteoporosis, and UIV at thoracolumbar junction were independently associated with PJK.In conclusion, osteoporosis, obesity, and UIV at thoracolumbar junction are risk factors for the development and progression of PJK in DLS patients following long instrumented posterior spinal fusion. Antiosteoporosis treatment extends the fusion level above the thoracolumbar region and controlling body weight before and after surgery could provide opportunities to reduce the rate of PJK and to improve therapeutic outcomes.
The Adjustment of Avian Metabolic Rates and Water Fluxes to Desert Environments

We tested the hypothesis that birds in arid environments, where primary productivity is low and surface water is scarce, have reduced energy expenditure and water loss compared with their mesic counterparts. Using both conventional least squares regression and regression based on phylogenetically independent contrasts, we showed that birds from desert habitats have reduced basal and field metabolic rates compared with species from mesic areas. Previous work showed that desert birds have reduced rates of total evaporative water loss when exposed to moderate environmental temperatures in the laboratory. We tested whether reduced rates of total evaporative water loss translate into low field water fluxes. Conventional ANCOVA indicated that desert birds have reduced water fluxes, but an analysis based on phylogenetically independent contrasts did not support this finding, despite the wide array of taxonomic affiliations of species in the data set. We conclude that the high ambient temperatures, the low primary productivity, and the water scarcity in desert environments have selected for or resulted in reduced rates of energy expenditure and evaporative water loss in birds that live in these climes.
Multivariable model-building with continuous covariates : 1 . Performance measures and simulation design

Many approaches exist for evaluating techniques for developing multivariable regression models with potentially non-linear effects of continuous covariates. In simulation studies to evaluate new proposals and to compare model-building techniques, researchers tend to consider oversimplified settings or unrealistically complex functional forms. The true shape of functions used for data generation is rarely representative of what would be expected in biomedical applications. In addition, the mean square error of prediction is often used as the main criterion for evaluation. This is insufficient when the effect of individual variables is to be assessed, e.g., in exploratory studies in clinical epidemiology. After reviewing some of the proposals for simulation designs, we suggest a new design that avoids oversimplification and tries to capture structure often found in biomedical settings. Specifically, we posit a non-trivial correlation structure between covariates, a challenge for many techniques of model selection. In addition to continuous covariates, binary covariates are included. As well as strong non-linear effects, some near-linear effects of covariates are considered. This allows one to judge whether a technique can distinguish between important non-linear effects and effects that might reasonably be represented by linear terms. We suggest several performance measures for capturing the potential impact of the various components of the simulation design on model structure. Some challenges of the simulation design are illustrated by diagnostic plots obtained after fitting a linear model, indicating the extent to which use of an under-specified model points towards potential non-linear effects.
Verifying dereference safety via expanding-scope analysis

This paper addresses the challenging problem of verifying the safety of pointer dereferences in real Java programs. We provide an automatic approach to this problem based on a sound interprocedural analysis. We present a staged expanding-scope algorithm for interprocedural abstract interpretation, which invokes sound analysis with partial programs of increasing scope. This algorithm achieves many benefits typical of whole-program interprocedural analysis, but scales to large programs by limiting analysis to small program fragments. To address cases where the static analysis of program fragments fails to prove safety, the analysis also suggests possible annotations which, if a user accepts, ensure the desired properties. Experimental evaluation on a number of Java programs shows that we are able to verify 90% of all dereferences soundly and automatically, and further reduce the number of remaining dereferences using non-nullness annotations.
A C OMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIMENSION REDUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR CONTENT-BASED IMAGE RETRIEVAL

Efficient and effective retrieval techniques of images are desired because of the explosive growth of digital images. Content-based image retrieval is a promising approach because of its automatic indexing and retrieval based on their semantic features and visual appearance. This paper discusses the method for dimensionality reduction called Maximum Margin Projection (MMP). MMP aims at maximizing the margin between positive and negative sample at each neighborhood. It is designed for discovering the local manifold structure. Therefore, MMP is likely to be more suitable for image retrieval systems, where nearest neighbor search is usually involved. The performance of these approaches is measured by a user evaluation. It is found that the MMP based technique provides more functionalities and capabilities to support the features of information seeking behavior and produces better performance in searching images.
CSNL: A cost-sensitive non-linear decision tree algorithm

This article presents a new decision tree learning algorithm called CSNL that induces Cost-Sensitive Non-Linear decision trees. The algorithm is based on the hypothesis that nonlinear decision nodes provide a better basis than axis-parallel decision nodes and utilizes discriminant analysis to construct nonlinear decision trees that take account of costs of misclassification. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by applying it to seventeen datasets and the results are compared with those obtained by two well known cost-sensitive algorithms, ICET and MetaCost, which generate multiple trees to obtain some of the best results to date. The results show that CSNL performs at least as well, if not better than these algorithms, in more than twelve of the datasets and is considerably faster. The use of bagging with CSNL further enhances its performance showing the significant benefits of using nonlinear decision nodes.
An experimental study of exhaustive solutions for the Mastermind puzzle

Mastermind is in essence a search problem in which a string of symbols that is kept secret must be found by sequentially playing strings that use the same alphabet, and using the responses that indicate how close are those other strings to the secret one as hints. Although it is commercialized as a game, it is a combinatorial problem of high complexity, with applications on fields that range from computer security to genomics. As such a kind of problem, there are no exact solutions; even exhaustive search methods rely on heuristics to choose, at every step, strings to get the best possible hint. These methods mostly try to play the move that offers the best reduction in search space size in the next step; this move is chosen according to an empirical score. However, in this paper we will examine several state of the art exhaustive search methods and show that another factor, the presence of the actual solution among the candidate moves, or, in other words, the fact that the actual solution has the highest score, plays also a very important role. Using that, we will propose new exhaustive search approaches that obtain results which are comparable to the classic ones, and besides, are better suited as a basis for non-exhaustive search strategies such as evolutionary algorithms, since their behavior in a series of key indicators is better than the classical algorithms.
An improved control scheme for interleaved flyback converter based micro-inverter to achieve high efficiency

This paper proposes an optimal control strategy for the interleaved flyback based micro-inverter to improve its efficiency over the entire operating range. This control scheme is based on the choice of appropriate operating mode (among 1-phase DCM; 1-phase BCM; 2-phase DCM and 2-phase BCM) at various instantaneous power magnitudes. Operating mode selection of the interleaved inverter at a particular power level is based on the information of optimal efficiency; which is obtained from the power versus efficiency graph. Detailed calculations of peak current reference have been carried out for the various operating modes of the interleaved flyback converter based micro-inverter system; followed by simulation results for the proposed control scheme through Matlab-Simulink software. Experiments are underway and the results will be presented in the final paper.
Speech Signals Enhancement Using LPC Analysis based on Inverse Fourier Methods

This paper, proposes a new methods for speech Signal enhancement based on spectral subtraction, Inverse Fourier Transform. We use the Linear Predicative Coding (LPC), VAD analysis, and Voice/ Unvoice (V/UV) detector for noise estimation and extraction, then we compare the proposed method with the previous ones and are able to recover the speech signal much better than the previous methods. Also, good results have been achieved in the auditory tests.
Dynamical traffic analysis on scale-free networks

Evaluation of trade-offs between dynamical characteristics and architecture design on large-scale networks is demanded for engineering solutions. We study dynamical characteris- tics of complex networks through both packet traffic sim- ulation and theoretical network analysis to explore high- performance NoC (network-on-chip) architectures. To achieve efficient communication with hundreds of functional mod- ules implemented on a chip in the future, scale-free network is considered as one of the promising topologies for con- structing on-chip networks. In scale-free networks, we focus on pair degree-degree correlations that indicate average de- gree of the nearest neighbors of a node, and investigate their topological effects on NoC performance. The network archi- tecture constructed with the topology such as hubs mostly connect to lower-degree nodes can disperse traffic load ef- ficiently and avoid the extreme concentration of load on hubs.
Effective dynamics of solitons in the presence of rough nonlinear perturbations

The effective long-time dynamics of solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the presence of rough nonlinear perturbations is rigorously studied. It is shown that, if the initial state is close to a slowly travelling soliton of the unperturbed NLS equation (in H1 norm), then, over a long time scale, the true solution of the initial value problem will be close to a soliton whose centre of mass dynamics is approximately determined by an effective potential that corresponds to the restriction of the nonlinear perturbation to the soliton manifold.
Collisional excitation of hydrogen and the determination of the primordial helium abundance from H II regions

This paper investigates the effect of collisional enhancement of the hydrogen lines on the derivation of the helium abundances in low metallicity H II regions. For this, we have constructed a grid of photoionization models relevant for the analysis of giant \hii regions in blue compact galaxies. We show that the effect of collisional excitation on the Halpha/Hbeta ratio can be quite important (up to 8% or more). The impact of this effect on the determination of the helium mass fraction has been tracked on four low-metallicity blue compact galaxies for which Keck spectra are available and which are among the best objects for the quest of the pregalactic helium abundance. We find that taking into account the effects of collisional excitation of hydrogen results in an upward correction of the helium mass fraction Y by up to 5%. However, combining with other systematic effects usually not considered in the determination of the helium abundance in low-metallicity galaxies, the resulting uncertainty should be much less.
Delegatable Access Control for Fine-Grained XML

The access control mechanisms are critical to ensure security in XML (extensible markup language). Several such mechanisms have been used or proposed; however, the notion of delegation in XML has not been studied in the literature. In this paper, we propose an access control model encapsuling delegation authorization rules for XML documents that allow flexible data granularity and limited inference protection. Our access control policy specification is basically DTD-based. It can also be considered to be document-based
The Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Autonomic Nervous System in Midlife Women with Insomnia

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of 12 weeks of lavender aromatherapy on self-reported sleep and heart rate variability (HRV) in the midlife women with insomnia. Sixty-seven women aged 45–55 years, with a CPSQI (Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) greater than 5, were recruited from communities in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 34) received lavender inhalation, 20 min each time, twice per week, for 12 weeks, with a total of 24 times. The control group (n = 33) received health education program for sleep hygiene with no intervention. The study of HRV was analyzed by time- and frequency-domain methods. Significant decrease in mean heart rate (HR) and increases in SDNN (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) intervals), RMSDD (square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals), and HF (high frequency) of spectral powers analysis after lavender inhalation were observed in the 4th and 12th weeks of aromatherapy. The total CPSQI score of study subjects was significantly decreased in the experimental group (P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed across the same time period (P = 0.776) in the control group. Resting HR and HRV measurements at baseline 1 month and 3 months after allocation showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The study demonstrated that lavender inhalation may have a persistent short-term effect on HRV with an increase in parasympathetic modulation. Women receiving aromatherapy experienced a significant improvement in sleep quality after intervention. However, lavender aromatherapy does not appear to confer benefit on HRV in the long-term followup.
Hopf Algebras of Diagrams

We investigate several generalizations of the Hopf algebra MQSym whose constructions come from labelings of special diagrams in bijection with packed matrices. Their products come either from the Hopf algebras WSym or WQSym, respectively built on integer set partitions and set compositions. Realizations on bi-word are exhibited, and it is shown how these algebras fit into a commutative diagram. Hopf deformations and dendriform structures are also considered for some algebras in the picture.
A Framework of a Hybrid Focused Web Crawler

Because of the complex Web structure, most approaches of focused crawling employ a local search algorithm, which will only search pages in a sub-graph of the Web. And the multi-topic feature of Web pages makes it difficult to determine the relevance of a Web page to a given topic. Towards those two issues, in this paper we present a new hybrid approach to focused crawling, which is based on meta-search and VIPS (VIsion based Page Segmentation) algorithm. We use meta-search to achieve a wider crawling range than traditional local search algorithm. Besides, in order to obtain better recall and precision, we use VIPS-based algorithm for the relevance computation of a Web page, which first partitions a Web page into a set of blocks that reflect the semantic structure of the page. The system architecture of hybrid focused crawler is discussed after a short review on related work, and then we present the framework of the hybrid focused crawling approach.