Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal growth during adolescent pregnancy.

To the Editor. —We have reported that maternal growth during adolescent pregnancy, as indexed using the Knee Height Measuring Device, is associated with greater maternal weight gain during pregnancy and increased maternal accrual of subcutaneous fat. 1,2 Changes such as these typically are associated with increased infant weight at birth, as opposed to the birth weight reductions we have observed for still-growing gravidas (about 150 to 200 g birth weight). During pregnancy, we use the Knee Height Measuring Device to index maternal growth because serial measures of stature are an insensitive indicator of growth. 2
A Low-Power, High CMRR Neural Amplifier System Employing CMOS Inverter-Based OTAs With CMFB Through Supply Rails

Multichannel neural amplifiers are commonly implemented with a shared reference whose input impedance is several times lower than that of the corresponding signal inputs. This huge impedance mismatch significantly degrades the total common mode rejection ratio (TCMRR) regardless of the amplifier's intrinsic CMRR (ICMRR). This study reports a multichannel neural amplifier system that eliminates this impedance mismatch problem by using single-ended CMOS-inverter-based preamplifiers for both the reference and signal inputs. A common-mode feedback (CMFB) loop through the supply rails of the preamplifiers is implemented to enhance their ac input common mode range to 220 mVpp and their ICMRR to more than 90 dB at low frequencies. The ICMRR is maintained above 80 dB up to 1 kHz by minimizing the load drive mismatch between the signal and reference preamplifiers. Implemented in a CMOS 65 nm process, this 16-channel amplifier system operates at 1 V and consumes 118 μW. It has input referred noise of 4.13 μVrms, leading to a noise efficiency factor (NEF) and a power efficiency factor (PEF) of 3.19 and 10.17, respectively. In vivo recordings of cortical neurons of a macaque were successfully acquired, demonstrating the ability of the amplifier to acquire neural signals in an unshielded environment.
A (simplified) Bluetooth maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) receiver

In our software-defined radio project, we aim at combining two standards luetooth and HIPERLAN/2. The HIPERLAN/2 receiver requires more computational power than Bluetooth. We choose to use this computational power also for Bluetooth and look for more advanced demodulation algorithms such as a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) receiver. The paper discusses a simplified MAP receiver for Bluetooth GFSK signals. Laurent decomposition provides an orthogonal vector space for the MAP receiver. As the first Laurent waveform contains the most energy, we have used only this waveform for our (simplified) MAP receiver. This receiver requires a E/sub b//N/sub 0/ of about 11 dB for a BER of 10/sup -3/, required by the Bluetooth standard. This value is about 6 dB better than single bit demodulators. This performance is only met if the receiver has exact knowledge of the modulation index.
Favoring the short

The notion of flow rate fairness and TCP-friendliness is dominating the current design of transport protocols. Yet, it can be, and has been, argued that value in networks and applications often comes from other factors than simple bandwidth fairness. For example, web pages are mostly in the range of few hundred kilobytes and the utility of web sites are tied to how responsive they are, while streaming services and bulk data transfer can consume all available bandwidth for extensive amounts of time. This paper describes our initial work on a flow-length dependent congestion control to TCP. It attempts to reduce the transmission time and also energy cost incurred by wireless devices by allowing shorter flows (measured in bytes) to finish faster in the network. We show that our initial concept can deliver data almost twice as fast as standard TCP without causing significant disadvantage to the longer flows.
Hegel, Marx, and the Concept of Immanent Critique

WITH OTHERS, MARX criticizes Hegel's Philosophy of Right for its apologetic stance regarding the status quo. For Marx as well, Hegel's political thought dogmatically assigns rationality to existing social and political reality. Unlike many critics, however, Marx does not consider Hegel's so-called attitude of accommodation to be simply a moral failing or an expression of political cowardice. ' He does not follow Arnold Ruge in accusing Hegel of betraying essentially critical principles in order to curry favor with state authorities. 2 In Marx's view, Hegel's conservatism is rooted in the innermost structure of his thought.3 Because the Philosophy of Right is conceived as part of a metaphysical system based on the identity of reason and reality, it necessarily sanctifies existing political arrangements. "There can no longer be any question about an act of accommodation on Hegel's part vis-a-vis. , the state, etc., since this lie is the lie of his principle. "4 Marx was not alone in arguing that the purported conservatism of Hegelian politics is rooted in a speculative identity philosophy. In his t857 Hegel und seine Zeit, Rudolph Haym marshalled similar arguments to criticize a political philosophy that, for him, represented the "scientific lodging of the spirit of
Lumbar Microdiscectomy Under Spinal and General Anesthesia: A Comparative Study.

AIM To compare the safety and efficacy of spinal anesthesia (SA) in patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy (LM). MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated 180 patients who underwent LM between 1 January 2012 and 5 July 2013. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pre-, intra-, and postoperative information was determined from the patients' medical records. RESULTS Total anesthetic times were longer in the general anesthesia (GA) group. There was less bleeding at the surgical site in the SA group. Intraoperative blood pressure was significantly also lower in the SA group. Meanwhile, tachycardia was significantly higher in the GA group. The analgesic requirement in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) was higher in the general anesthesia group. At PACU admission, analgesic requirement, heart rate, and the mean arterial pressure were higher in the GA group. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was more frequent among patients recovering in general anesthesia group. SA patients had an increased incidence of urinary retention compared with GA patients. Pulmonary complications requiring specific treatment were insignificantly higher among GA patients. CONCLUSION In patients who undergo lumbar disc surgery, SA is a good alternative for experienced surgeons because of a more comfortable healing process.
Imaging of Dynamic Secretory Vesicles in Living Pollen Tubes of Picea meyeri Using Evanescent Wave Microscopy1[W]

Evanescent wave excitation was used to visualize individual, FM4-64-labeled secretory vesicles in an optical slice proximal to the plasma membrane of Picea meyeri pollen tubes. A standard upright microscope was modified to accommodate the optics used to direct a laser beam at a variable angle. Under evanescent wave microscopy or total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, fluorophores localized near the surface were excited with evanescent waves, which decay exponentially with distance from the interface. Evanescent waves with penetration depths of 60 to 400 nm were generated by varying the angle of incidence of the laser beam. Kinetic analysis of vesicle trafficking was made through an approximately 300-nm optical section beneath the plasma membrane using time-lapse evanescent wave imaging of individual fluorescently labeled vesicles. Two-dimensional trajectories of individual vesicles were obtained from the resulting time-resolved image stacks and were used to characterize the vesicles in terms of their average fluorescence and mobility, expressed here as the two-dimensional diffusion coefficient D2. The velocity and direction of vesicle motions, frame-to-frame displacement, and vesicle trajectories were also calculated. Analysis of individual vesicles revealed for the first time, to our knowledge, that two types of motion are present, and that vesicles in living pollen tubes exhibit complicated behaviors and oscillations that differ from the simple Brownian motion reported in previous investigations. Furthermore, disruption of the actin cytoskeleton had a much more pronounced effect on vesicle mobility than did disruption of the microtubules, suggesting that actin cytoskeleton plays a primary role in vesicle mobility.
A Gammaherpesvirus Complement Regulatory Protein Promotes Initiation of Infection by Activation of Protein Kinase Akt/PKB

Background Viruses have evolved to evade the host's complement system. The open reading frames 4 (ORF4) of gammaherpesviruses encode homologs of regulators of complement activation (RCA) proteins, which inhibit complement activation at the level of C3 and C4 deposition. Besides complement regulation, these proteins are involved in heparan sulfate and glycosaminoglycan binding, and in case of MHV-68, also in viral DNA synthesis in macrophages. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we made use of MHV-68 to study the role of ORF4 during infection of fibroblasts. While attachment and penetration of virions lacking the RCA protein were not affected, we observed a delayed delivery of the viral genome to the nucleus of infected cells. Analysis of the phosphorylation status of a variety of kinases revealed a significant reduction in phosphorylation of the protein kinase Akt in cells infected with ORF4 mutant virus, when compared to cells infected with wt virus. Consistent with a role of Akt activation in initial stages of infection, inhibition of Akt signaling in wt virus infected cells resulted in a phenotype resembling the phenotype of the ORF4 mutant virus, and activation of Akt by addition of insulin partially reversed the phenotype of the ORF4 mutant virus. Importantly, the homologous ORF4 of KSHV was able to rescue the phenotype of the MHV-68 ORF4 mutant, indicating that ORF4 is functionally conserved and that ORF4 of KSHV might have a similar function in infection initiation. Conclusions/Significance In summary, our studies demonstrate that ORF4 contributes to efficient infection by activation of the protein kinase Akt and thus reveal a novel function of a gammaherpesvirus RCA protein.
MRI and FDG PET/CT Findings of Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) findings of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH). Patients and Methods MRI and FDG PET/CT findings were reviewed in 6 patients with HEH confirmed by pathology. All patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) examination. Early PET/CT scans were performed 1 hour after FDG injection in all 6 patients. After an interval of 1 hour, delayed PET/CT scans were performed in 4 patients. Results A total of 60 lesions were detected in all 6 patients. MRI features of HEH included multifocal hepatic disease, predominantly subcapsular location, coalescence of lesions, and capsular retraction. T2-weighted MR images frequently showed a target-like configuration of the lesions. Contrast-enhanced MR images showed variable degrees of peripheral rim enhancement with delayed central enhancement. Forty lesions (67%) with increased FDG uptake and 20 lesions (33%) with FDG uptake similar to the surrounding liver parenchyma were found in all 6 patients. The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of all lesions was 3.6 ± 1.1, with a low variability of SUVmax among lesions ranging from 1.7 to 6.6. There was no relationship between lesion sizes and corresponding SUVmax. Some larger lesions demonstrated a hypermetabolic peripheral rim reflecting hypercellular tumor regions and a relatively hypometabolic central area corresponding to hypocellular stroma. Eleven lesions with increased FDG uptake on the delayed PET/CT images were found in 3 patients, and 19 lesions with decreased FDG uptake were found in all 4 patients with total 32 lesions. Conclusions MRI demonstrated morphological features of HEH and FDG PET/CT reflected the histopathological composition of the tumors. FDG uptake of HEH may be related to tumor cellularity, but not the tumor size. Dual-time-point imaging may be not useful for differentiating benign lesions from HEH. Familiarity with the morphological and functional imaging findings of HEH is useful for recognition of this rare hepatic tumor.
Primary structure and domain organization of human alpha and beta adducin

Adducin is a membrane-skeletal protein which is a candidate to promote assembly of a spectrin-actin network in erythrocytes and at sites of cell-cell contact in epithelial tissues. The complete sequence of both subunits of human adducin, alpha (737 amino acids), and beta (726 amino acids) has been deduced by analysis of the cDNAs. The two subunits have strikingly conserved amino acid sequences with 49% identity and 66% similarity, suggesting evolution by gene duplication. Each adducin subunit has three distinct domains: a 39-kD NH2-terminal globular protease-resistant domain, connected by a 9-kD domain to a 33-kD COOH- terminal protease-sensitive tail comprised almost entirely of hydrophilic amino acids. The tail is responsible for the high frictional ratio of adducin noted previously, and was visualized by EM. The head domains of both adducin subunits exhibit a limited sequence similarity with the NH2-terminal actin-binding motif present in members of the spectrin superfamily and actin gelation proteins. The COOH- termini of both subunits contain an identical, highly basic stretch of 22 amino acids with sequence similarity to the MARCKS protein. Predicted sites of phosphorylation by protein kinase C include the COOH- terminus and sites at the junction of the head and tail. Northern blot analysis of mRNA from rat tissues, K562 erythroleukemia cells and reticulocytes has shown that alpha adducin is expressed in all the tissues tested as a single message size of 4 kb. In contrast, beta adducin shows tissue specific variability in size of mRNA and level of expression. A striking divergence between alpha and beta mRNAs was noted in reticulocytes, where alpha adducin mRNA is present in at least 20-fold higher levels than that of beta adducin. The beta subunit thus is a candidate to perform a limiting role in assembly of functional adducin molecules.
Optimized driving of superconducting artificial atoms for improved single-qubit gates

We employ pulse shaping to abate single-qubit gate errors arising from the weak anharmonicity of transmon superconducting qubits. By applying shaped pulses to both quadratures of rotation, a phase error induced by the presence of higher levels is corrected. Using a derivative of the control on the quadrature channel, we are able to remove the effect of the anharmonic levels for multiple qubits coupled to a microwave resonator. Randomized benchmarking is used to quantify the average error per gate, achieving a minimum of 0.007+/-0.005 using 4 ns-wide pulse.
Power, Agency, Relationality and Welfare Practice

Abstract This article argues that constructions of social phenomena in social policy and welfare scholarship think about the subjects and objects of welfare practice in essentialising ways, with negativistic effects for practitioners working in ‘regulatory’ contexts such as housing and homelessness practice. It builds into debates about power, agency, social policy and welfare by bringing psychosocial and feminist theorisations of relationality to practice research. It claims that relational approaches provide a starting point for the analysis of empirical practice data, by working through the relationship between the individual and the social via an ontological unpicking and revisioning of practitioners' social worlds.
Current Surgical Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Osteoathritis (OA) of the knee is common, and the chances of suffering from OA increase with age. Its treatment should be initially nonoperative—and requires both pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment modalities. If conservative therapy fails, surgery should be considered. Surgical treatments for knee OA include arthroscopy, cartilage repair, osteotomy, and knee arthroplasty. Determining which of these procedures is most appropriate depends on several factors, including the location, stage of OA, comorbidities on the one side and patients suffering on the other side. Arthroscopic lavage and débridement is often carried out, but does not alter disease progression. If OA is limited to one compartment, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty or unloading osteotomy can be considered. They are recommended in young and active patients in regard to the risks and limited durability of total knee replacement. Total arthroplasty of the knee is a common and safe method in the elderly patients with advanced knee OA. This paper summarizes current surgical treatment strategies for knee OA, with a focus on the latest developments, indications and level of evidence.
Attention Assist: A High-Level Information Fusion Framework for Situation and Threat Assessment in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Driver inattentiveness constitutes the main cause of road accidents, which makes it a major factor in road safety. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework to address the road safety problem by tackling it from a high-level information fusion standpoint, considering vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) as the deployment platform. The proposed framework relies on the multientity Bayesian networks (MEBNs), which exploit the expressiveness of first-order logic for semantic relations, and the strength of the Bayesian networks in handling uncertainty. First, the entities that influence the inattention phenomenon, as well as both their causal and semantic relationships, are identified. Next, an MEBN-based high-level information fusion framework is proposed through which entities, situations, and their relationships in specific contexts are modeled using MEBN fragments. Furthermore, MEBN inference is used to assess the situations of interest by estimating their states. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed framework, a collision warning system simulator has been developed, which evaluates the likelihood of a vehicle being in a near-collision situation using a wide variety of local and global information sources available in various VANET environments. If the threat of being in a near-collision situation is determined to be high, then the driver is warned accordingly. Our experimental results for two distinct single-vehicle and multivehicle categories of driving scenarios, as well as a novel hybrid MEBN inference, demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework to efficiently achieve situation and threat assessment on the road.
Novel Functional Polymorphisms in the UGT1A7 and UGT1A9 Glucuronidating Enzymes in Caucasian and African-American Subjects and Their Impact on the Metabolism of 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin and Flavopiridol Anticancer Drugs

In vitro metabolic studies revealed that along with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, the hepatic UGT1A9 and the extrahepatic UGT1A7 are involved in the biotransformation of the active and toxic metabolite of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38). Variant UGT1A1 and UGT1A7 alleles have been reported but the polymorphic nature of the UGT1A9 gene has not been revealed yet. To further clarify the molecular determinants of irinotecan-induced toxicity, we have identified and characterized the functionality of novel UGT1A9 polymorphisms and determined whether additional missense polymorphisms exist in UGT1A7. Using direct DNA sequencing, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the first exons of UGT1A7 and UGT1A9. One of the two amino acid substitutions found in the UGT1A9 gene, UGT1A9*3 (M33T), results in a dramatic decrease in SN-38 glucuronide formation, with 3.8% of the activity of the UGT1A9*1 allele. In turn, the glucuronidation of flavopiridol, an anticancer drug biotransformed predominantly by UGT1A9, remains unaffected, indicating a substrate-dependent impact of this variant. UGT1A9*3 is detected only in Caucasians and 4.4% of the population tested was found heterozygous (*1/*3). Two additional UGT1A7 SNPs were found exclusively in African-American subjects and generate five alleles (UGT1A7*5 to *9) when combined to the four known SNPs present in UGT1A7*2, *3, and *4. Upon functional analysis with SN-38, five out of nine UGT1A7 allozymes exhibited much lower SN-38 glucuronidation activities compared with UGT1A7*1, all having in common the mutational changes at codons 115 or 208. Results suggest that these low SN-38 glucuronidating alleles may represent additional molecular determinants of irinotecan-induced toxicity and warrant further investigations.
1 Deliverable 7 b . 1 Pushing Mixed Reality Boundaries

We report on task 7b.1, the eRENA workshop on pushing mixed reality boundaries. We introduce the concept of a mixed reality boundary that distinguishes our approach to mixed reality from other approaches such as augmented reality and augmented virtuality. We then review the history of boundaries in theatre in order to raise new requirements for mixed reality boundaries. We extend the concept of mixed reality boundaries in two ways. First, we define the generic boundary properties of permeability, situation, dynamics, symmetry and representation that allow boundaries to be configured for different purposes. Second, we describe how multiple mixed reality boundaries can be used to join together many physical and virtual spaces into an integrated environment called a tessellated mixed reality. We describe a practical experience of using a mixed reality boundary to create a performance. This culminated in a public demonstration of a rain curtain, a novel mixed reality boundary whose interesting properties include a lack of solidity, thereby allowing performers, props and audience to pass through it. We evaluate this experience from artistic, technical and social science perspectives. We consider the implications of this work for the design of mixed reality technology in general. This involves exploring how dry versions of the rain curtain might be realised and speculating on how they might be used to create new kinds interface to virtual environments. Document eRENA–D7b.1–1 Type Deliverable report with video material Status Final Version 1.0 Date February 1999 Author(s) Steve Benford, Sally Jane Norman, John Bowers, Matt Adams, Ju Row–Farr, Boriana Koleva, Ian Taylor, Marie–Louise Rinman, Katja Martin, Holger Schnädelbach and Chris Greenhalgh
A novel multi-dimensional spectrum estimation technique

Conventionally, to multi-dimensional spectral estimation techniques, each data snapshot in space is captured simultaneously in time. The size of the antenna array is dependent on the area of interest. In this paper, we propose a data measurement technique, which does not collect data samples within each snapshot in space simultaneously but sequentially along a predefined path, and a spectral estimation technique, which is based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), for the collected data. The key idea of these techniques is to create a large synthetic antenna aperture by displacing a small antenna array and by assuming uniform plan impinging waves. The performance is evaluated by simulation. The applications of the proposed techniques include synthetic aperture radar, radar processing and sonar systems.