Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relations entre santé et espaces verts et bleus : une synthèse de la recherche empirique, 2003-2014

Cet article examine treize revues de synthese de la recherche scientifique et des publications officielles qui traitent des effets positifs de l’exposition a un environnement naturel sur les dimensions psychique, physique et sociale de la sante humaine et du bien-etre. Ces contributions emanent de plusieurs disciplines tandis que les contributions interdisciplinaires sont rares. Notre analyse suggere des preuves empiriques moderees a fortes pour les impacts positifs des espaces verts et bleus sur la sante mentale et physique, et faibles en ce qui concerne la cohesion sociale. En outre, elle revele que la comparaison entre les differentes etudes s’avere delicate et qu’il est difficile de degager des conclusions claires au sujet des bienfaits des espaces verts et bleus sur la sante. De fait, des recommandations de recherche sont esquissees dans l’optique de contribuer a combler le manque de connaissances.
Mode Detection in switched pursuit tracking tasks: Hybrid estimation to measure performance in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs motor skills, speech, and other voluntary movement, and may be associated with cognitive inflexibility. Fourteen PD subjects (both on and off medication) and 10 normal subjects performed a manual pursuit tracking task, in which the dynamics of the task suddenly change without explicit enunciation. The task dynamics have three modes, in which the error (the difference between the target and the user's cursor) is attenuated, exaggerated, or unchanged - hence we model the subject performing the tracking task as a hybrid system with arbitrary switching. Second-order stochastic LTI models of tracking performance in each mode are first obtained through system identification. We then use a multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) algorithm to determine a) whether each subject successfully adapted to the sudden change in tracking dynamics, and if so, b) the delay in switching to the new mode. These parameters were analyzed for all subjects, and found to be statistically significant across groups. While normal subjects consistently detected the change in task dynamics, PD subjects show considerably more difficulty in detecting the switch (especially off medication), and did not switch into the new mode as quickly as normal subjects. Our results suggest that PD subjects have considerable impairment in adapting to changing motor environments.
Clinical Efficiency of Oocyte and Embryo Cryopreservation

The assessment of the standard for success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is an arduous task. Clinical efficiency and safety of a given procedure should represent fundamental tools for objective comparison. However, differences in patient populations, laboratory protocols, and expression of clinical data make the analysis of different studies and strategies very difficult. Formulation of the standard for success through the cumulative delivery rate per cycle of stimulation is a very attractive option because it includes the essential contribution of frozen embryos, which can represent 30–40% of all deliveries, while taking into account the need to minimize the proportion of pharmacological and surgical treatments. Embryo cryopreservation may be applied at different postinsemination stages. Larger and more detailed sets of data are available for day 2 embryo freezing, which allows cumulative delivery rates of 50–60% in good prognosis patients. In the last few years, novel freezing methods have improved the overall efficiency of oocyte cryopreservation. Especially in contexts afflicted by legal restrictions to embryo cryo‐ preservation, this form of preservation has started to have an impact on the IVF standard of success, generating cumulative pregnancy rates approaching 50%. Despite having been applied systematically by some IVF programs for only a few years, oocyte freezing already competes in efficiency with pronuclear‐stage cryopreservation, and it does not appear unrealistic to predict that in the future it will challenge the dominance of embryo cryopreservation as the preferred form of conservation.
On the Energy Delay Tradeoff of HARQ-IR in Wireless Multiuser Systems

Energy delay tradeoff (EDT) is a fundamental tradeoff that plays a crucial role in understanding the energy efficiency of various transmission schemes. In particular, for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocols, the EDT can be well defined. In this paper, in order to understand the EDT for a wireless multiuser system, we consider various downlink transmission schemes where the HARQ with incremental redundancy (HARQ-IR) protocol is employed for reliable transmissions to users. For a given total power, the impact of different transmission schemes in conjunction with power allocation on EDT is extensively studied. Among the transmission schemes, it is shown that the threshold-based transmission (TBT) scheme efficiently lowers the minimum energy per bit (EB) in spite of limited prior channel state information (CSI) feedback. The study is further extended to a more plausible scenario where users have different channel statistics. In doing so, we consider a proportional fairness scheduling based on relative channel gain that can be easily accommodated in the proposed TBT scheme, and study its EDT behaviors. Performance evaluations show that the schemes incorporating proportional fairness achieve good EDT performances while guaranteeing the fairness among users.
Fine-Tuning in Regulation of Clp Protein Content in Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Clp-controlled proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis seems to play a substantial role, particularly under stress conditions. Calibrated Western blot analyses were used to estimate the approximate numbers of heat-inducible Clp molecules within a single cell. According to these numbers, the different Clp ATPases do not seem to compete for the proteolytic subunit ClpP. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed the predicted specific ClpX-ClpP, ClpC-ClpP, and ClpE-ClpP interactions. ClpE and ClpX are rapidly degraded in wild-type cells during permanent heat stress but remained almost stable in a clpP mutant, suggesting ClpP-dependent degradation. In particular, ClpCP appeared to be involved in the degradation of the short-lived ClpE ATPase, indicating a negative “autoregulatory” circuit for this particular Clp ATPase at the posttranslational level. Analysis of the half-life of stress-inducible clp mRNAs during exponential growth and heat shock revealed precise regulation of the synthesis of each Clp protein at the posttranscriptional level as well to meet the needs of B. subtilis.
Phenylthiazolyl-hydrazide and its derivatives are potent inhibitors of tau aggregation and toxicity in vitro and in cells.

One of the key pathological features of Alzheimer's disease is the aggregation of tau protein. We are therefore searching for compounds capable of inhibiting this reaction. On the basis of an initial screen of 200000 compounds [Pickhardt, M. , Gazova, Z. , von Bergen, M. , Khlistunova, I. , Wang, Y. , Hascher, A. , Mandelkow, E. M. , Biernat, J., and Mandelkow, E. (2005) Anthraquinones inhibit tau aggregation and dissolve Alzheimer's paired helical filaments in vitro and in cells, J. Biol. Chem. 280, 3628-3635], we performed an in silico screen and predicted a new phenylthiazolyl-hydrazide (PTH) compound as a possible hit [Larbig, G. , Pickhardt, M. , Lloyd, D. G. , Schmidt, B. , and Mandelkow, E. (2007) Screening for inhibitors of tau protein aggregation into Alzheimer paired helical filaments: A ligand based approach results in successful scaffold hopping. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 4 (3), 315-323. ]. Synthesis of this compound showed that it was indeed active in terms of inhibiting de novo tau aggregation and disassembling preformed aggregates (IC50 = 7.7 microM and DC50 = 10.8 microM). We have now synthesized 49 similar structures and identified the core of the PTHs to be crucial for activity, thus representing a lead structure. Analysis of the binding epitope by saturation transfer difference NMR shows strong interactions between the tau protein and the ligand in the aromatic regions of the inhibitor. By chemical variation of the core, we improved the inhibitory potency five-fold. The compounds showed a low toxicity as judged by an N2A cell model of tau aggregation and lend themselves for further development.
Shared Libraries in SunOS

The design and implementation of a shared libraries facility for Sun’s implementation of the UNIX† operating system (SunOS) is described. Shared libraries extend the resource utilitization benefits obtained from sharing code between processes running the same program to processes running different programs by sharing the libraries common to them. In this design, shared libraries are viewed as the result of the application of several more basic system mechanisms, specifically kernel-supplied facilities for file-mapping and ‘‘copy-on-write’’ sharing; a revised link editor supporting dynamic binding; and compiler and assembler changes to generate position-independent code. The use of these mechanisms is transparent to applications code and build procedures, and also to library source code written in higher-level languages. Details of the use and operation of the mechanism are provided, together with the policies by which they are applied to create a system with shared libraries. Early experiences and future plans are summarized.
Experience report: Evaluating the effectiveness of decision trees for detecting code smells

Developers continuously maintain software systems to adapt to new requirements and to fix bugs. Due to the complexity of maintenance tasks and the time-to-market, developers make poor implementation choices, also known as code smells. Studies indicate that code smells hinder comprehensibility, and possibly increase change- and fault-proneness. Therefore, they must be identified to enable the application of corrections. The challenge is that the inaccurate definitions of code smells make developers disagree whether a piece of code is a smell or not, consequently, making difficult creation of a universal detection solution able to recognize smells in different software projects. Several works have been proposed to identify code smells but they still report inaccurate results and use techniques that do not present to developers a comprehensive explanation how these results have been obtained. In this experimental report we study the effectiveness of the Decision Tree algorithm to recognize code smells. For this, it was applied in a dataset containing 4 open source projects and the results were compared with the manual oracle, with existing detection approaches and with other machine learning algorithms. The results showed that the approach was able to effectively learn rules for the detection of the code smells studied. The results were even better when genetic algorithms are used to pre-select the metrics to use.
Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Prevalence and Local Distribution after an Earthquake with Scarce Data

Abstract Background After a major earthquake, the assignment of scarce mental health emergency personnel to different geographic areas is crucial to the effective management of the crisis. The scarce information that is available in the aftermath of a disaster may be valuable in helping predict where are the populations that are in most need. Objective The objectives of this study were to derive algorithms to predict posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom prevalence and local distribution after an earthquake and to test whether there are algorithms that require few input data and are still reasonably predictive. Methods A rich database of PTS symptoms, informed after Chile’s 2010 earthquake and tsunami, was used. Several model specifications for the mean and centiles of the distribution of PTS symptoms, together with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence, were estimated via linear and quantile regressions. The models varied in the set of covariates included. Results Adjusted R2 for the most liberal specifications (in terms of numbers of covariates included) ranged from 0.62 to 0.74, depending on the outcome. When only including peak ground acceleration (PGA), poverty rate, and household damage in linear and quadratic form, predictive capacity was still good (adjusted R2 from 0.59 to 0.67 were obtained). Conclusions Information about local poverty, household damage, and PGA can be used as an aid to predict PTS symptom prevalence and local distribution after an earthquake. This can be of help to improve the assignment of mental health personnel to the affected localities. DussaillantF, ApablazaM. Predicting posttraumatic stress symptom prevalence and local distribution after an earthquake with scarce data. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):357–367.
High Bi content GaSbBi alloys

The epitaxial growth, structural, and optical properties of GaSb 1– x Bi x alloys have been investigated. The Bi incorporation into GaSb is varied in the range 0 < x ≤ 9.6% by varying the growth rate (0.31–1.33 μm h−1) at two growth temperatures (250 and 275 °C). The Bi content is inversely proportional to the growth rate, but with higher Bi contents achieved at 250 than at 275 °C. A maximum Bi content of x = 9.6% is achieved with the Bi greater than 99% substitutional. Extrapolating the linear variation of lattice parameter with Bi content in the GaSbBi films enabled a zinc blende GaBi lattice parameter to be estimated of 6.272 A. The band gap at 300 K of the GaSbBi epitaxial layers decreases linearly with increasing Bi content down to 410 ± 40 meV (3 μm) for x = 9.6%, corresponding to a reduction of ∼35 meV/%Bi. Photoluminescence indicates a band gap of 490 ± 5 meV at 15 K for x = 9.6%.
Adaptive thresholding using particle filter for tracking small and low contrast objects

In this paper, we present a simple and robust method for tracking small and low contrast objects in video sequences. The technique is based on image segmentation by adaptive thresholding, which is done using a particle filter. In order to achieve this, the threshold is made a state of the system dynamics. Prior knowledge of the target attributes such as position, size and mean intensity are incorporated into the tracking algorithm. This novel idea resolves many challenging issues faced by most of the tracking algorithms e.g. sudden illumination changes, unpredictable motion and incorrect model update in consecutive frames.
Lecture 15 Start Codon Prediction February 24 , 2000

The accurate prediction of the translation start site, that is, the correct start codon, is important in order to analyze the putative protein product of a gene. Given the quality of the rest of the process, accurate start codon prediction is the most difficult remaining part of prokaryotic gene prediction. The gene-finding techniques discussed so far do little to predict the correct start codon among all the candidates.
Virulence determinants in the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis revealed by forward genetic approaches

Chlamydia trachomatis, a pathogen responsible for diseases of significant clinical and public health importance, remains poorly characterized because of its intractability to routine molecular genetic manipulation. We have developed a combinatorial approach to rapidly generate a comprehensive library of genetically defined mutants. Chemical mutagenesis, coupled with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and a system for DNA exchange within infected cells, was used to generate Chlamydia mutants with distinct phenotypes, map the underlying genetic lesions, and generate isogenic strains. As a result, we identified mutants with altered glycogen metabolism, including an attenuated strain defective for type II secretion. The coupling of chemically induced gene variation and WGS to establish genotype–phenotype associations should be broadly applicable to the large list of medically and environmentally important microorganisms currently intractable to genetic analysis.
Conceptual volume judgments by squirrel monkeys.

Using a paradigm which precluded criterion performance on the basis of specific (as opposed to conceptualized) cues, monkeys were to choose the largest object when the objects appeared on a white background, the middlesized on a grey background, and the smallest on a black background among randomized presentations of objects and backgrounds. The monkeys were trained to stringent criteria using only the white background, then the black, then white and black together, then grey, and finally, white, black, and grey together. Only one monkey met criterion with concurrent presentations of the three backgrounds. Two met criterion through the grey condition, and one through the black and white condition. That three monkeys succeeded through the grey condition suggests this species is capable of conceptual size judgments where relative magnitude must be recognized. The implications of these data for quantitative judgments by animals are discussed.
Beyond concurrent Pascal

We take the view that operating systems should not be written in assembly language. Alternatives are machine oriented high-level languages and “safe” languages in the style of Concurrent Pascal and MODULA. A serious drawback of the Concurrent Pascal approach is the fact that those very language features that pertain to operating systems must be implemented separately, using some other language. A technique is presented which solves this problem. This technique is based on user-defined trap handling. It is exhibited by demonstrating how virtual memory systems can be constructed using Concurrent Pascal and how process management can be moved from the kernel to the Concurrent Pascal program. We demonstrate that a fundamental solution of the difficulties with Concurrent Pascal, MODULA, and similar languages cannot be found in going back to classical implementation languages, but in designing languages that are not rich with special features, but powerful with respect to extension and shrinkage.
Treating Comorbid Social Anxiety and Major Depression

Depression and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are two of the most common mental health conditions, and often occur together. Depression is usually identified as the presenting problem, which may result in SAD being overshadowed and undertreated among those with this particular comorbidity. In this case study, diagnostic overshadowing results in successful treatment of depression but delayed identification of SAD, causing an attenuated anxiety treatment response. We present recommendations on how clinicians may more thoroughly assess for comorbid Axis I diagnoses, avoid diagnostic overshadowing, and better integrate treatment approaches for SAD–major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbidity. Mechanisms underlying cognitive-behavioral treatments such as behavioral activation and exposure hold particular promise for promoting improvement in SAD and major depression simultaneously.
There is more to learning then meeth the eye (or ear)

s Connectionist models provide a promising alternative to the traditional computational approach that has for several decades dominated cognitive science and artificial intelligence, although the nature of connectionist models and their relation to symbol processing remains controversial. Connectionist models can be characterized by three general computational features: distinct layers of interconnected units, recursive rules for updating the strengths of the connections during learning, and "simple" homogeneous computing elements. Using just these three features one can construct surprisingly elegant and powerful models of memory, perception, motor control, categorization, and reasoning. What makes the connectionist approach unique is not its variety of representational possibilities (including "distributed representations") or its departure from explicit rule-based models, or even its preoccupation with the brain metaphor. Rather, it is that connectionist models can be used to explore systematically the complex interaction between learning and representation, as we try to demonstrate through the analysis of several large networks.
Explorer Local Perspectives on Actions

Giving an account of agents acting in the world—sensing, planning, communicating, doing—requires a coordinated account of, at least, three different kinds of action: ontic, epistemic, and communicative, which focus, respectively, on fact, knowledge and communication. In this note we are concerned primarily with ontic actions. The motivating example is the STRIPS approach to the frame problem, where actions are restricted to change only specified fluents. We present an algebraic setting for ontic actions modeled as relations describing controlled state change. We start from a standard model that encodes STRIPS updates to address the frame problem in logical terms. This model is a system, in the sense of Resende and Baltag. We describe a structure that introduces a notion of local perspective or experiment. This provides a novel treatment of causal relations (which are closely related to integrity constraints and domain axioms in the AI-planning literature). We show how this local structure arises naturally from the semantic structure of the set of possible states, and suggest that it may also help in modeling agents with different perspectives.
Pioneer growth cone steering along a series of neuronal and non- neuronal cues of different affinities

We have analyzed the morphology of over 5000 Ti1 pioneer growth cones labeled with anti-HRP, which reveals the disposition of axons, growth cone branches, and filopodia. Ti1 axon pathways typically consist of a sequence of 7 characteristically oriented segments, with a single, distinct reorientation point between each segment. Growth cones exhibit the same orientations and reorientations in a given region as do axon segments at later stages. The single, distinct reorientations suggest that growth cones make discrete switches between guidance cues as they grow. Ti1 growth cones are guided by various types of cues. A set of 3 immature identified neurons serves as nonadjacent guidepost cells and lies at the proximal end of 3 of the axon segments. To form another segment, growth cones reorient along a limb segment boundary within the epithelium. Growth cones also respond consistently to, and orient toward, a specific mesodermal cell, which may be a muscle pioneer. Thus, growth cones respond to at least 3 different types of cells in the leg. Ti1 growth cones exhibit a hierarchy of affinity for these cues. Guidepost neurons are the dominant cues in that contact with them reorients growth cones from guidance by the other types of cues. Growth cone branches are exclusively oriented to specific cues. Growth cones reorient by extending a branch directly to the cue of highest affinity and by withdrawing any branches that are extended to a cue of lesser affinity. A single filopodium in direct contact with a guidepost neuron can reorient a growth cone that still has multiple filopodia or even prominent branches specifically oriented to a previous cue of lesser affinity. These observations suggest that growth cone steering may not result simply from passive adhesion and filopodial traction, but may involve more active processes.