Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the quasi-spherical wire-array implosion dynamics based on a multi-element model

The implosion dynamics of quasi-spherical wire arrays with different initial aspect ratios are investigated with a multi-element model, and the simulated results are compared with experimental results in the Qiangguang-1 Facility in 2011. According to the simulation, the pinch plasmas implode in different modes when the aspect ratios of the initial wire arrays are different. The aspect ratio of the wire array in shot 11259 is 0.76, and the simulated pinch plasma implodes onto the equatorial surface. In shot 11268, the aspect ratio is 1.33 and the plasma implodes onto the central axis. In shot 11270, the aspect ratio is 1.05 and the plasma implodes toward the central point of the load. The simulated shapes of the plasma shells are in good accordance with the experimental time-resolved x-ray framing images. The simulated imploding times are consistent with the experimental x-ray peak times. The quasi-spherical implosion is more effective in driving inertial controlled fusion.
Adaptive Control of Advanced Fighter Aircraft in Nonlinear Flight Regimes

When advanced fighter aircraft fly at high angles of attack, unsteady aerodynamic effects, wing rock, and saturation of aerodynamic effectors can lead to difficulty in control and maneuverability. A novel adaptive output feedback control design based on dynamic inversion is investigated for aircraft which are operated in highly nonlinear flight regimes, where uncertainties in the form of both unmodeled parameter variations and unmodeled dynamics are common. The stability of the design is analyzed and validated with simulations using a modified NASA F-15 simulation. The simulation includes thrust vectoring and a differential stabiliator to provide increased control authority at high angles of attack and relaxed static stability to increase pitch maneuverability. The control designs include the use of "pseudocontrol hedging" techniques to exclude adaptation to control saturation.
Tableaux combinatorics for the asymmetric exclusion process and Askey-Wilson polynomials

Introduced in the late 1960's, the asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP) is an important model from statistical mechanics which describes a system of interacting particles hopping left and right on a one-dimensional lattice of n sites with open boundaries. It has been cited as a model for traffic flow and protein synthesis. In the most general form of the ASEP with open boundaries, particles may enter and exit at the left with probabilities alpha and gamma, and they may exit and enter at the right with probabilities beta and delta. In the bulk, the probability of hopping left is q times the probability of hopping right. The first main result of this paper is a combinatorial formula for the stationary distribution of the ASEP with all parameters general, in terms of a new class of tableaux which we call staircase tableaux. This generalizes our previous work for the ASEP with parameters gamma=delta=0. Using our first result and also results of Uchiyama-Sasamoto-Wadati, we derive our second main result: a combinatorial formula for the moments of Askey-Wilson polynomials. Since the early 1980's there has been a great deal of work giving combinatorial formulas for moments of various other classical orthogonal polynomials (e.g. Hermite, Charlier, Laguerre, Meixner). However, this is the first such formula for the Askey-Wilson polynomials, which are at the top of the hierarchy of classical orthogonal polynomials.
Deep Learning for Monotonic Support Vector Machines

Deep learning, which has the ability to extract significant patterns from dataset, becomes increasingly important with regard to the information age that has the characteristics of diversity and large volume of data. Compared with deep neural networks (DNN), support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most representative models of shallow neural networks (SNN), and has been widely used in various fields since it has the ability to process high-dimensional dataset effectively. Furthermore, by considering the prior knowledge of monotonicity, SVM can enhance its generalization capability against noise data. Monotonicity-constrained SVM (MC-SVM) is a model that take prior knowledge of monotonicity into account and this model is proven to outperform conventional SVM. To benefit from the advantage of deep neural network on feature extraction and performance of MC-SVM, we propose a deep learning model called deep MC-SVM (DMC-SVM) that takes MC-SVM as feature extractor to improve the generalization property of the classifier, especially when solving complicated classification problem. We took two real-world datasets, Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnostic (WBCD) and PD600 as our training datasets, and the experiment results demonstrated that DMC-SVM could extract more abstract features that make this model more generalized, and for this reason, DMC-SVM has the better ability while dealing with classification problems.
Note on the Application of the Method of Least Squares

The efficiency of the method of least squares depends substantially upon the choice of the design matrix, since the latter is responsible for the transfer of the uncertainties, inherent in the initial observations, to the unknown parameters. The present paper suggests that the transfer is best if, given the diagonal elements ÁiAi of the product matrix Á A, the columns of the design matrix A are mutually orthogonal.
Automated video enhancement from a stream of atmospherically-distorted images: the lucky-region fusion approach

An automated video enhancement technique capable of image fusion from a stream of randomly-distorted images of a still scene is presented in this paper. The technique is based on the "lucky-region" fusion (LRF) approach and aims to improve locally the image quality according to the following steps: (1) for each image of the video stream an image quality map (IQM) which characterizes locally the image quality is computed, (2) each IQM is compared to that of the current fused image leading to the selection of best quality regions (the "lucky-regions"), and (3) the selected regions are merged into the fused video stream. While the LRF approach succeeds in producing images with significantly improved image quality compared to the source images, its performance depends on the imaging conditions and requires adjustment of its fusion parameter - the fusion kernel size - in order to adapt to an evolving environment (e.g. a turbulent atmosphere). Parameter selection was so far performed manually using a trial-and-error approach which causes the technique to be impractical for a real world implementation. The automated LRF technique presented is relaxed from this requirement and selects automatically the fusion parameter based on the analysis of the source images making it more suitable for practical systems. The improved LRF technique is applied to imaging through atmospheric turbulence for various imaging conditions and scenes of interest. In each case automatically-fused video streams demonstrate increases in image quality comparable to that obtained with manual selection of the fusion parameter.
Thermal Rectification Enabled by Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer Between Intrinsic Silicon and a Dissimilar Material

Thermal rectification has recently attracted great attention because it could allow heat to flow in a preferred direction and may have promising applications in thermal management and energy systems. In addition to phonon engineering, photon transport at the near-field regime has been recently proposed to realize thermal rectification between planar structures. In the present study, the thermal rectification effect enabled by near-field thermal radiation between intrinsic silicon and other materials was investigated at various temperatures and vacuum gap distances. Strong thermal rectification between intrinsic Si and doped Si (rectification R = 2.7) and between intrinsic Si and SiO2 (R = 9.9) can be achieved with a 5 nm vacuum gap at temperatures of 1000 and 300 K. Rectification larger than one can be obtained in sub-10 nm vacuum gaps for the former configuration and sub-20 nm gaps for the latter configuration. A thermal rectifier made of gold and intrinsic Si is shown to have a rectification factor around 0.85 with temperatures of 600 and 300 K at a wide range of vacuum gaps from 100 to 500 nm. The physical mechanisms of the rectification effect in the three configurations are elucidated, and each of the proposed thermal rectifiers may have its own advantage for applications dealing with different temperatures and vacuum distances.
Perturbations and rotation constants of some first negative nitrogen bands

During the course of a systematic programme of intensity measurements of band spectra it was considered advisable to include some measurements of the first negative nitrogen bands. These bands are emitted by the ionised nitrogen molecule and show very clearly the interesting phenomenon of alternating intensities. It was soon found, however, that the particular source employed possessed a number of useful properties, not least of which was its ability to excite in a selective manner the negative bands so that they were practically free from the usually troublesome second positive group. In addition, the bands were excited to such unusually high rotational levels that in this way a number of large and hitherto unobserved perturbations were revealed. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss these perturbations in detail; the other characteristics of this type of excitation will be discussed elsewhere. Experimental. The bands were excited in an ordinary Pointolite lamp, that is, in a comparatively low voltage (70 v.) tungsten arc in pure nitrogen at about 10 cm. pressure. Under these circumstances the 0, 0; λ 3914 band was obtained entirely unobscured, whilst the 0, 1; λ 4278 band contained but slight traces of the 1, 2; λ 4237 band. They were photographed in the second order of a 21-feet concave grating of the Physikalisches Institut, Bonn; in the case of λ 3914 two satisfactory plates being obtained with exposure times of 6 hours whilst for λ 4278 only one plate was obtained with an exposure of 10 hours. The plates were measured in the usual way, precautions being taken to eliminate any possible errors of the screw of the measuring micrometer. Intercomparison of the several sets of measurements (four) for each plate shows that the relative accuracy attained is about 0·06 cm. -1—this is the mean error for a large number of lines—whilst the two plates of λ 3914 indicate that for this band the absolute accuracy is also of the same order. For the purposes of this paper, however, the absolute accuracy is of lesser importance, since the information to be discussed is derived from measurements within a single band. Intensities were obtained from plates taken in the first order using the “raster" method of Frerichs. Since this paper is concerned primarily with the perturbations it will suffice to say that these plates were photometered with a Moll type recording microphotometer and the intensities evaluated from the density records in the usual manner. These intensity measurements will form the subject of a separate communication. A portion of the 0, 0 band is reproduced in Plate 21 with below it for comparison a photograph of the band as it appears when excited at the hollow cathode of a Geissler tube. The remarkable change in the appearance of the band is at once evident; the branches can be followed to about K = 80 (in a plate taken under smaller dispersion to K = 100) and this extension combined with freedom from extraneous lines makes the band under high dispersion a very fine example of its kind.
Characteristics of the inverted‐V event

The low energy electron (LEE) experiment, consisting of an array of 19 electrostatic analyzers, was conducted on board the polar orbiting satellite Atmosphere Explorer D (AE-D). Electron energy spectra and angular distributions obtained simultaneously with high temporal resolutions (∼62 ms) have been used to study structures of inverted-V events. The principal results found are as follows: (1) Inverted-V events occur in the auroral as well as the polar cap latitudes. The low-latitude edge of the occurrence region varies from 62° near midnight to 80° invariant latitude at local noon. (2) The latitudinal width regularly observed is about 0.5° invariant latitude, and the longitudinal width can extend to at least 15° (3) The monoenergetic peak of the energy spectrum is found for pitch angles from 0° to 180° minus the local loss cone. (4) The temperature of precipitating electrons is linearly proportional to the peak energy. (5) The flux is field aligned at the peak energy and trapped above the peak energy. Immediately below the peak energy, the pitch angle distribution is V-shaped, peaking toward both small and large pitch angles. At energies further below the peak energy the distribution function becomes isotropic. (6) Fast irregular flux fluctuations are frequently observed at energies below the monoenergetic peak. These fluxes produce a secondary monoenergetic peak in the spectrum. The occurrence map indicates that the inverted-V occurrence region is not limited to the particle trapping boundary. The origin of the inverted-V precipitating electrons appears to be in the plasma sheet and the neutral sheet. Most of the energy and pitch angle structures can be interpreted as electrons accelerated by an electrostatic field, while the V-shaped pitch angle distributions suggest that particles were trapped between an electric potential and their mirror points. However, the existence of the monoenergetic peak at pitch angles larger than about 25° cannot be explained simply by an electrostatic field. The structural details are compared with predictions of three existing theories of creating the electrostatic field, and the results are qualitatively consistent with the theory of anomalous resistivity.
Quantum Kinetics of the Exciton Bose-Einstein Condensation

Photo-excited excitons, i.e. closely bound electron-hole pairs, are in the low-density regime approximately bosons. For sufficiently low temperatures and sufficiently high densities of the exciton gas, a nonequilibrium phase transition in the form of a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) can be expected. Various levels of the description of the kinetics of relaxation and condensation due to the coupling of the excitons to a cold reservoir of acoustic phonons are discussed. For noninteracting excitons a rate equation approach with the exciton Boltzmann equation can be used. For interacting excitons the nonmarkovian quantum kinetics is required for the description of the BEC in order to incorporate the changes of the energy spectrum during the condensation self-consistently. Finally colored Langevin fluctuations can be used to calculate the phase diffusion of the condensate.
Piezoelectric Properties of BaTiO3 Ceramics with High Performance Fabricated by Microwave Sintering

Hydrothermally synthesized BaTiO3 powders with nanoscale-sized particles were densified by microwave sintering. A sintered sample of the nanopowder fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis has a high piezoelectric constant d33 due to fabrication by microwave sintering. The maximum value of the piezoelectric constant d33 of a specimen fabricated by microwave sintering was approximately 350 pC/N for a small grain size of 2.1 µm. Detailed microstructures of the samples were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy/electron backscattered diffraction analysis/orientation imaging microscopy (SEM/EBSD/OIM). The size of ferroelectric domains in the samples showing superior piezoelectric properties was less than 50 nm. SEM/EBSD/OIM observations revealed that the fraction of random boundaries was higher by approximately 10% in microwave sintered samples than in conventionally sintered ones. It is suggested that the small size of domain and the higher fraction of random boundaries might be responsible for the excellent piezoelectric properties of small grains, which can partially be attributed to domain size.
An Efficient V2X Based Vehicle Localization Using Single RSU and Single Receiver

High accuracy vehicle localization information is critical for intelligent transportation systems and future autonomous vehicles. It is challenging to achieve the required centimeter-level localization accuracy, especially in urban or global navigation satellite system denied environments. Here we propose a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)-based vehicle localization algorithm. First, it is low-cost and hardware requirements are simplified, the minimum requirement is a single roadside unit and single on-board receiver. Second, it is computationally efficient, the available V2I information is formulated as an over-determined system. Then, the vehicle position is estimated in a closed-form manner via the widely used weighted linear least squares (WLLS) method and meter level accuracy is achievable. Furthermore, the numerical performance of WLLS is consistent with the theoretical results in larger signal-to-noise ratio region.
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of steady‐state in a perfusion CHO cell culture process

Long‐term continuous protein production can be reached by perfusion operation. Through the continuous removal of waste metabolites and supply of nutrients, steady‐state (SS) conditions are achieved after a certain transient period, where the conditions inside the reactor are not only uniform in space but also constant in time. Such stable conditions may have beneficial influences on the reduction of product heterogeneities. In this study, we investigated the impact of perfusion cultivation on the intracellular physiological state of a CHO cell line producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) by global transcriptomics and proteomics. Despite stable viable cell density was maintained right from the beginning of the cultivation time, productivity decrease, and a transition phase for metabolites and product quality was observed before reaching SS conditions. These were traced back to three sources of transient behaviors being hydrodynamic flow rates, intracellular dynamics of gene expression as well as metabolism and cell line instability, superimposing each other. However, 99.4% of all transcripts and proteins reached SS during the first week or were at SS from the beginning. These results demonstrate that the stable extracellular conditions of perfusion lead to SS also of the cellular level.
Generalized two-stage bandit problem

Two treatments which yield dichotomous outcomes are available for use in a clinical trial with a two-stage setting. Treatments are chosen sequentially in the first stage, and a single treatment (usually the better one) must be used in the second stage. The goal is to find the optimal strategy which maximizes the expected number of successes. The optimal strategy is to choose the unknown treatment when one treatment is known and when the number of patients is known, or unknown but satisfies certain regular conditions. In this paper, we extend the previous study by assuming that both treatments are unknown but that one treatment is better known (i.e. with smaller prior variance), and explore the conditions in which the better known treatment can be omitted in the first stage.
Impact of intron removal from tRNA genes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract In eukaryotes and archaea, tRNA genes frequently contain introns, which are removed during maturation. However, biological roles of tRNA introns remain elusive. Here, we constructed a complete set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in which the introns were removed from all the synonymous genes encoding 10 different tRNA species. All the intronless strains were viable, but the tRNAPheGAA and tRNATyrGUA intronless strains displayed slow growth, cold sensitivity and defective growth under respiratory conditions, indicating physiological importance of certain tRNA introns. Northern analyses revealed that removal of the introns from genes encoding three tRNAs reduced the amounts of the corresponding mature tRNAs, while it did not affect aminoacylation. Unexpectedly, the tRNALeuCAA intronless strain showed reduced 5.8S rRNA levels and abnormal nucleolar morphology. Because pseudouridine (Ψ) occurs at position 34 of the tRNAIleUAU anticodon in an intron-dependent manner, tRNAIleUAU in the intronless strain lost Ψ34. However, in a portion of tRNAIleUAU population, position 34 was converted into 5-carbamoylmethyluridine (ncm5U), which could reduce decoding fidelity. In summary, our results demonstrate that, while introns are dispensable for cell viability, some introns have diverse roles, such as ensuring proper growth under various conditions and controlling the appropriate anticodon modifications for accurate pairing with the codon.
On the Nature of the High-Velocity 26Al near the Galactic Center

Recent observations of the Galactic center region by the GRIS balloon-borne germanium spectrometer have determined that the diffuse 1809 keV emission resulting from the decay of 26Al has an intrinsic width of 5.4 keV FWHM. This line width indicates that the 26Al either is at a temperature of ~4.5 × 108 K or has a nonthermal velocity of ~500 km s-1. Previous authors have suggested that the 26Al must be trapped within dust grains in the interstellar medium (ISM) in order for these conditions to persist over the 106 yr lifetime of the aluminum. We discuss the results of our model, in which 26Al dust grains are produced in Type II supernovae and are subsequently reaccelerated in the ISM by ambient supernova remnant (SNR) shocks. Our results show that dust grains can be maintained at a velocity sufficient to explain the GRIS observation for ISM densities of ~0.2 cm-3, dust-grain sizes near 10-5 cm, and distances between SNR shocks in the ISM of 100-200 pc.
Observations of the Ca II infrared triplet in chromospherically active single and binary stars

Spectroscopic observations of the Ca II infrared triplet (8498, 8542, 8662 A) have been obtained for 45 stars which are known or suspected to be chromospherically active. The sample includes both single and binary stars of spectral types from F2 to M5 spanning luminosity classes III, IV, and V. Several different types of activity diagnostics were measured, and their relative merits are discussed. Dependence of chromospheric emission upon rotation period, luminosity, temperature, and duplicity are analyzed. Synchronous binaries show a slight trend of increased emission with decreasing period while the asynchronous binaries show abnormally high activity levels for their rotation periods. Several stars exhibit rotationally modulated emission which is anticorrelated with the stellar brightness. Finally, estimates of chromospheric energy losses are presented with the result that the total loss in the infrared triplet is about twice that of the H and K lines.
Stability of a growing end rim in a liquid sheet of uniform thickness

We study the stability of a viscous liquid layer of uniform thickness subject only to viscous stresses and surface tension. We show that the growing cylindrical end rim does not typically break into droplets for moderate wavelengths. Thus, other mechanisms are needed to cause the instabilities, which, for instance, lead to the famous milk crown. The problem remains open for very large wavelengths.