Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON OF THREE MODELS FOR DETERMINING TEST FAIRNESS

Abstract : There are three prominent models of test fairness in the dichotomous situation: (a) Thorndike's Constant Ratio model (the ratio of the proportion successful to the proportion selected should be equal for the majority and the minority group); (b) Darlington's Conditional Probability model (the probability of selection, given that an individual is successful, should be equal for both groups); and (c) Einhorn and Bass' Equal Probability model (the probability of success, given that an individual is selected, should be equal for both groups). The present study explored, using a Monte Carlo technique, the robustness of these models to divergent sample size. This technique allows the generation of normally distributed variables of known means, standard deviations, and intercorrelations. Results indicated that all three models were equally able to identify test fairness under the conditions specified in the present study. The choice of model to use when evaluating test fairness must remain a subjective one based on the fairness goals of the testing agency and further definition of the test fairness by Federal guidelines.
Chronicles of wasted time?: A personal reflection on the current state of, and future prospects for, social and environmental accounting research

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present a critical review of the development and current state-of-the-art of social and environmental accounting (SEA) research, with particular reference to the role and contribution of the Design/methodology/approach - The approach combines a literature review and critique, with particular emphasis on SEA papers published in Findings - While published SEA research covers a wide range of topics, particular emphasis has been placed on polemical debate and studies investigating the organisational determinants and managerial motivations underpinning reporting initiatives. Some evidence is produced of a Research limitations/implications - While a “broad brush” analysis of the historical development of SEA research is offered, detailed investigation is largely confined to the contribution of Practical implications - Agreement is expressed with the conclusions emanating from previous authoritative reviews of the field concerning the need for engagement with practice on the part of researchers. However, a managerial perspective is eschewed in favour of recommending articulation of research to social movements and working directly with stakeholder groups. Originality/value - The paper provides a detailed analysis of the contribution made by one particular leading edge journal, while further drawing on recently published work in a range of journals in order to develop pointers for future effective interventions by SEA researchers in matters of public policy and praxis.
The Feeling Good Handbook

Part 1 Understanding your moods: you can change the way you feel how to measure your moods how to diagnose your moods should you change the way you feel? Part 2 Feeling good about yourself - how to conquer depression and build self-esteem: how to change the way you feel - the four steps to happiness ten ways to untwist your thinking how to develop a healthy personal value system cognitive therapy in action: how to break out of a bad mood why people procrastinate a prescription for procrastinators. Part 3 Feeling confident - how to conquer anxiety, fears, and phobias: understanding anxiety how to fight your fears and win dealing with the fear of death social anxiety - the fear of people public speaking anxiety how to give a dynamic interview when you're scared stiff test and performance anxiety. Part 4 Feeling good together - how to strengthen relationships through better communication: good and bad communication five secrets of intimate communication how to change the way you communicate how to deal with difficult people why people can't communicate with each other. Part 5 Mood-altering medications: everything you need to know about commonly prescribed psychiatric drugs. Part 6 For therapists (and curious patients) only - how to deal with difficult patients: the ingredients of therapeutic success - and failure! empathy - how to establish rapport with the critical, angry patient agenda setting - how to make therapy productive when you and your patient feel stuck self-help assignments - how to motivate patients who sabotage the therapeutic process.
Compressive sensing based joint wall position detection and multipath exploitation in through-the-wall radar imaging

In through-the-wall radar imaging, ghost targets can arise because of multipath reflections. Having a model that compensates for the multipath returns solves this problem; however this requires the knowledge of the room geometry. If wrong information about the room geometry is used in the model, the obtained image will be denser than the image of the true scene. This paper proposes a multipath exploitation method that utilizes this fact. A greedy search is performed to find the wall positions that produce the sparsest image of the desired scene. Hence, detecting the true wall positions and obtaining a ghost-free image. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
BALBOA: a component-based design environment for system models

This paper presents the BALBOA component composition framework for system-level architectural design. It has three parts: a loosely-typed component integration language (CIL); a set of C++ intellectual property (IP) component libraries; and a set of split-level interfaces (SLIs) to link the two. A CIL component interface can be mapped to many different C++ component implementations. A type-inference system maps all weakly-typed CIL interfaces to strongly typed C++ component implementations to produce an executable architectural model. Thus, this amounts to selecting IP implementations according to a set of connection constraints. The SLIs are used to select, adapt, and validate the implementation types. The advantage of using the CIL is that the design description sizes are much smaller because the runtime infrastructure automatically selects the IP and communication implementations. The type inference facilitates changes by automatically propagating them through the design structure. We show that the inference problem is NP complete and we present a heuristic solution to the problem. We bring forth a number of issues related to the automation of reusable IP composition including type- compatibility checking, split-programming, and introspective composition environment, and demonstrate their utility through design examples.
The assessment of child and adolescent personality

Part I: Theories, Issues, and Procedures in Personality Assessment. Knoff, Identifying and Classifying Children and Adolescents Referred for Personality Assessment: Theories, Systems, and Issues. DeMers, Legal and Ethical Issues in Child and Adolescent Personality Assessment. Knoff, A Conceptual Model and Pragmatic Approach toward Personality Assessment Referrals. Part II: Personality Assessment Approaches and Techniques with Children and Adolescents. Nuttall, Ivey, The Diagnostic Interview Process. Weiner, Assessing Children and Adolescents with the Rorschach. Obrzut, Boliek, Thematic Approaches to Personality Assessment with Children and Adolescents. Cummings, Projective Drawings. Hart, The Sentence Completion Techniques. Lachar, Kline, Boersma, The Personality Inventory for Children: Approaches to Actuarial Interpretation in Clinic and School Settings. Martin, Hooper, Snow, Behavior Rating Scale Approaches to Personality Assessment in Children and Adolescents. Keller, Behavioral Observation Approaches to Personality Assessment. Brassard, Family Assessment Approaches and Procedures. Garbarino, Kapadia, Ecological Assessment Procedures. Brown, Actuarial and Automated Assessment Procedures and Approaches. Part III: Moving from Personality Assessment to Intervention. Knoff, The Personality Assessment Report and the Feedback and Planning Conference. Knoff, Intervention and the Change Process: Using the Theoretical Assessment Models and Consultation Processes. Prout, Personality Assessment and Individual Therapeutic Interventions. Part IV: Summation and Integration. Knoff, Conclusion and Future Needs in Personality Assessment. Appendix: A Summary of Selected Personality Assessment Tools Available to Mental Health Practitioners.
Lessons Learned from Students about Assessment and Instruction.

thinking when you were looking at the diagram? ” “It looks like the keel of a boat. ” There comes a moment in every teacher’s experience when you ask a student a question and his or her answer is not what you expected—startling, perhaps. Such was our experience as researchers when we asked fourth graders to work on the task in figure 1 and talk to us about it. Surprisingly, Joey was not seeing two figures at all. Instead, his attention was focused on the space between the figures. This is an example of the lessons we learned from students about this task, one of the released items from the 1996 FourthGrade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The task is scored with a fivepoint rubric, based on the number of likenesses and differences between the shapes that students identify in their responses (see fig. 2). The purpose of our work was to analyze the alignment between the task and certain benchmarks and standards, and whether the task elicits student thinking that matches the quality of the learning goals. While performing our analysis, we learned that good alignment with a standard does not necessarily mean that the task is of high quality. As this article describes, careful analysis of student interviews and papers showed us certain flaws in the task, even though the task was highly aligned with a Standard from NCTM’s Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (2000).
A spacetime characterization of the Kerr metric Marc Mars

We obtain a characterization of the Kerr metric among stationary, asymp-totically flat, vacuum spacetimes, which extends the characterization in terms of the Simon tensor (defined only in the manifold of trajectories) to the whole spacetime. More precisely, we define a three index tensor on any spacetime with a Killing field, which vanishes identically for Kerr and which coincides in the strictly stationary region with the Simon tensor when projected down into the manifold of trajectories. We prove that a stationary asymptotically flat vacuum spacetime with vanishing spacetime Simon tensor is locally isometric to Kerr. A geometrical interpretation of this characterization in terms of the Weyl tensor is also given. Namely, a stationary, asymptotically flat vacuum spacetime such that each principal null direction of the Killing form is a repeated principal null direction of the Weyl tensor is locally isometric to Kerr.
Secure Degrees of Freedom Regions of Multiple Access and Interference Channels: The Polytope Structure

In this paper, we determine the entire secure degrees of freedom (s.d.o.f.) regions of the K-user Gaussian multiple access (MAC) wiretap channel and the K-user interference channel (IC) with secrecy constraints. For the IC, we consider three secrecy constraints: K-user IC with an external eavesdropper (ICEE), K-user IC with confidential messages (IC-CM), and their combination Kuser IC with confidential messages and external eavesdropper (IC-CM-EE). The converse for the IC includes constraints both due to secrecy as well as due to interference. For the IC, although the portion of the region close to the optimum sum s.d. o.f. point is governed by the upper bounds due to secrecy constraints, the other portions of the region are governed by the upper bounds due to interference constraints. Different from the existing literature, in order to fully understand the characterization of the s.d. o.f. region of the IC, one has to study the four-user case, i.e., the twoor three-user cases do not illustrate the full generality of the problem. In order to prove the achievability, we use the polytope structure of the converse region. In both MAC and IC cases, we develop explicit schemes that achieve the extreme points of the polytope region given by the converse. In particular, the extreme points of the MAC region are achieved by an m-user MAC wiretap channel with K - m helpers, i.e., by setting K - m users' secure rates to zero and utilizing them as pure (structured) cooperative jammers. The extreme points of the IC region are achieved by a (K - m)-user IC with confidential messages, m helpers, and N external eavesdroppers, for m ≥ 1 and a finite N. A byproduct of our results in this paper is that the sum s.d. o.f. is achieved only at one extreme point of the s.d. o.f. region, which is the symmetric-rate extreme point, for both MAC and IC channel models.
Finite-matrix formulation of gauge theories on a non-commutative torus with twisted boundary conditions

We present a novel finite-matrix formulation of gauge theories on a non-commutative torus. Unlike the previous formulation based on a map from a square matrix to a field on a discretized torus with periodic boundary conditions, our formulation is based on the algebraic characterization of the configuration space. This enables us to describe the twisted boundary conditions in terms of finite matrices and hence to realize the Morita equivalence at a fully regularized level. Matter fields in the fundamental representation turn out to be represented by rectangular matrices for twisted boundary conditions analogously to the matrix spherical harmonics on the fuzzy sphere with the monopole background. The corresponding Ginsparg-Wilson Dirac operator defines an index, which can be used to classify gauge field configurations into topological sectors. We also perform Monte Carlo calculations for the index as a consistency check. Our formulation is expected to be useful for applications of non-commutative geometry to various problems related to topological aspects of field theories and string theories.
Differential arrest of secretory protein transport in cultured rat hepatocytes by azide treatment

The effect of reduced cellular ATP content on intracellular transport of two secretory proteins, albumin and haptoglobin, in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. The cells were labeled with [35S]methionine and the cellular ATP content was then rapidly reduced to different stable levels by incubation with azide at different concentrations (2.0- 10 mM). The amount of the radioactively labeled secretory proteins in the cells and in the medium after 150 min of incubation was determined by immunoprecipitation followed by gel electrophoresis, fluorography, and densitometry. At progressively lower ATP levels, down to 50% of normal, the protein secretion was unaffected, whereas at even lower levels an increasing portion of the proteins remained in the cells; at 30 and 10% of normal ATP level, 25 and 75% of albumin, respectively, was arrested intracellularly. Analysis of the carbohydrate structure of intracellularly arrested haptoglobin showed that in cells with an ATP level of approximately 30% of normal, the majority of haptoglobin molecules (55%) were fully or partially resistant to endoglycosidase H. This result indicates that exit from the medial and/or the trans part of the Golgi complex (GC) was inhibited under these conditions. It also shows that the protein had accumulated in the GC, since under normal conditions the fraction of the intracellular haptoglobin that is endoglycosidase H resistant is approximately 10%. By similar criteria it was found that at ATP levels below 10% of normal transport of haptoglobin from the endoplasmic reticulum to the medial GC (and possibly also to the cis GC) as well as from the trans GC to the medium were blocked.
Pattern of cell division and wound vessel member differentiation in coleus pith explants.

When pith parenchyma explants are taken from Coleus blumei plants and cultured on an agar medium containing sucrose and indoleacetic acid wound vessel members differentiate in 10 days. The time course of wound xylem appearance and an auxin requirement suggest that this uncomplicated system is responding in a manner comparable to wounded Coleus plants and cultured stem segments.Histological examination and cell size comparisons confirm that parenchyma cells divide before differentiating. When colchicine is used to prevent mitosis no tracheary elements differentiate. Following the time course of this cytodifferentiation histologically shows that xylem differentiates from cells that are the products of several cell divisions.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Listeria monocytogenes Serovars, 1/2a and 4b, Isolated from Dairy Products in Brazil

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is the foodborne pathogen responsible for a bacterial infection called listeriosis. Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of two L. monocytogenes serovars, 1/2a and 4b, which are considered the most prevalent in food processing plants and listeriosis outbreaks, respectively.
Voice Abnormalities at School Age in Children Born Extremely Preterm

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Voice abnormality is a frequent finding in school age children born at <25 weeks’ gestation in Western Australia. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of voice abnormality, voice-related quality of life, and demographic and intubation factors in this population. METHODS: Survivors <25 weeks’ gestational age in Western Australia born from 1996 to 2004 were included. Voice assessments (auditory perceptual assessment scale and Pediatric Voice Handicap Index) were carried out by speech pathologists. Intubation history was obtained by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Of 251 NICU admissions, 154 (61%) survived. Exclusions were based on severe disability (11) or distant residence (13). Of 70 assessed, 67 completed assessments, 4 (6%) were in the normal range and 39 (58%) showed moderate-severe hoarseness. Simultaneous modeling of demographic and intubation characteristics showed an increased odds of moderate-severe voice disorder for children who had more than 5 intubations (odds ratio 6.96, 95% confidence interval 2.07–23.40, P = .002) and for girls relative to boys (odds ratio 3.46, 95% confidence interval 1.12–10.62, P = .030). Tube size and duration of intubation were not significant in the multivariable model. Median scores of parent-reported voice quality of life on the Pediatric Voice Handicap Index were markedly different for preterm (22) and term (3) groups, P < . 001. CONCLUSIONS: Voice disorders in this population were much more frequent than expected. Further studies are required to assess voice across a broader range of gestational ages, and to investigate voice-protective strategies in infants requiring multiple episodes of intubation.
Enhancement of Symbiotic Dinitrogen Fixation by a Toxin-Releasing Plant Pathogen

An approximate doubling in plant growth, total plant nitrogen, nodulation, and overall dinitrogen fixation of alfalfa are the consequences of the action of a toxin delivered by a Pseudomonas infesting the alfalfa rhizosphere. The toxin, tabtoxinine-β-lactam, inactivates selectively one form of glutamine synthetase in the nodules. Thus, normal glutamine synthetase-catalyzed ammonia assimilation is significantly impaired; yet these plants assimilated about twice the normal amount of nitrogen. How plants regulate dinitrogen fixing symbiotic associations is an important and unresolved question; the current results imply that the glutamine synthetase-catalyzed step in ammonia assimilation, a plant function, strongly influences overall dinitrogen fixation in legumes.
Stimulating Cooperation in Mobile Ad hoc Networks using Cut Diamond with Diamond method

In recent years mobile ad-hoc networks have become very popular because of their widespread usage. Cooperation among the nodes in adhoc networks is an important issue for communication to be possible. But some nodes do not cooperate in communication and saves their energy. These nodes are called as selfish nodes. In the literature there are many methods which deal with the selfish behavior of the nodes. This paper proposes an approach based on incentive mechanism in a different manner. Here nodes are "made" selfish for some time to encourage nodes to cooperate in the communication. This reduces selfish behavior. Thus this approach is called as cut diamond with diamond.
Trust, space, time and opportunities. Case study report on participation and non-formal education in the support for young people in transitions to work in West-Germany (WP 6)

This report presents West German findings of the European research project Â‘Youth policy and participation Â– Potentials of participation and informal learning in transitions to work (YOYO)Â’. It is based on the analysis of in-depth interviews with young people from two youth schemes and the evaluation of two case studies of the respective projects. [. ] Two projects have been selected which try to overcome this gap: La Silhouette (Munich) [and] Mobile Youth Work (Stuttgart). (DIPF/Orig.) Fallstudienbericht zu Partizipation und non-formeller Bildung in Unterstutzungsmasnahmen fur Jugendliche im Ubergang in den Beruf. Westdeutscher Teil des Europaischen Forschungsprojekts YOYO (Jugendpolitik und Partizipation). (Autor)
TOWARDS GLOBAL MAPPING OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE

We developed an irrigation mapping methodology that relies on remotely sensed inputs from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, globally extensive ancillary sources of gridded climate and agricultural data and on an advanced image classification algorithm. In the first step, we used climate-based indices of surface moisture status and a map of cultivated lands to provide potential, first-cut at global irrigation. To detect actual irrigation, in the second step, we used spatiotemporal and spectral signatures from MODIS remotely sensed data. In particular, we explored three types of irrigation-related indices: i) Annual – where we exploited the difference in annual greenness variability between irrigated and non-irrigated crops and related this difference to precipitation availability; ii) Spectral – where we exploited a vegetation index (Green Ratio Index) that is sensitive to chlorophyll content; and iii) Inter-annual – where we explored the differences in inter-annual changes in vegetation greenness associated with precipitation between irrigated and non-irrigated crops. In the third step, we combined our potential irrigation dataset, remotely sensed indices, and training examples within a supervised classification tool based on a non-parametric decision-tree algorithm to make a binary (i.e. irrigated vs. non-irrigated) irrigated agriculture map. A test of irrigation mapping procedure in a pilot study over the continental US produced a high spatial resolution (1 km) map of irrigated areas with better than 80 percent map accuracy and expected spatial patterns such as a strong east-west divide with most irrigated areas concentrated on the arid west along dry lowland valleys. Future improvements of the method will include estimation of sub-pixel presence of irrigation using remotely-sensed skin temperature measurements. * Corresponding author.