Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust dual sourcing inventory routing optimization for disaster relief

This paper considers the problem that a depot replenishes several shelters by aerial and land transportation modes for disaster relief. There are two distinguishing features of our problem: one is routing decisions determine replenishment lead times; the other is that we introduce dual sourcing policy into the inventory routing problem. A robust optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal replenishment quantity, replenishment mode, and transportation routes. Then, we decompose the problem into a routing master-problem and a set of inventory sub-problems. A tractable closed-form solution for sub-problem is derived. We further develop an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm to solve the problem. To demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm, we conduct a series of numerical experiments on the benchmark test suite with different scales and compare the performance of the proposed algorithm with a genetic algorithm.
An Emerging Screening Method for Interrogating Human Brain Function: Tutorial

Cognitive decline can be observed due to a myriad of causes. Clinicians would benefit from a noninvasive quantitative tool to screen and monitor brain function based on direct measures of neural features. In this study, we used neuroimaging data from magnetoencephalography (with a whole-head Elekta Neuromag 306 sensor system) to derive a set of features that strongly correlate with brain function. We propose that simple signal characteristics related to peak variability, timing, and abundance can be used by clinicians as a screening tool to investigate cognitive function in at-risk individuals. Using a minimalistic set of features, we were able to perfectly distinguish between participants with normative and nonnormative brain function, and we were also able to successfully predict participants’ Mini-Mental Test score (r=0.99; P<.001; mean absolute error=0.413). This set of features can be easily visualized in an analog fashion, providing clinicians with several graded measurements (in comparison to a single binary diagnostic tool) that can be used for screening and monitoring cognitive decline.
Horizontal Transposon Transfer and Their Ecological Drivers: The Case of Flower-breeding Drosophila

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms that shape the architecture, diversity, and adaptations of genomes and their ecological and genetic interfaces is of utmost importance to understand biological evolution. Transposable elements (TEs) play an important role in genome evolution, due to their ability to transpose within and between genomes, providing sites of nonallelic recombination. Here we investigate patterns and processes of TE-driven genome evolution associated with niche diversification. Specifically, we compared TE content, TE landscapes, and frequency of horizontal transposon transfers (HTTs) across genomes of flower-breeding Drosophila (FBD) with different levels of specialization on flowers. Further, we investigated whether niche breadth and ecological and geographical overlaps are associated with a potential for HTT rates. Landscape analysis evidenced a general phylogenetic pattern, in which species of the D. bromeliae group presented L-shaped curves, indicating recent transposition bursts, whereas D. lutzii showed a bimodal pattern. The great frequency of highly similar sequences recovered for all FBD suggests that these species probably experienced similar ecological pressures and evolutionary histories that contributed to the diversification of their mobilomes. Likewise, the richness of TEs superfamilies also appears to be associated with ecological traits. Furthermore, the two more widespread species, the specialist D. incompta and the generalist D. lutzii, presented the highest frequency of HTT events. Our analyses also revealed that HTT opportunities are positively influenced by abiotic niche overlap but are not associated with phylogenetic relationships or niche breadth. This suggests the existence of intermediate vectors promoting HTTs between species that do not necessarily present overlapping biotic niches.
Camera Calibration Using Silhouettes

This report addresses the problem of estimating camera parameters from images where object silhouettes only are known. Several modeling applications make use of silhouettes, and while calibration methods are well known when considering points or lines matched along image sequences, the problem appears to be more difficult when considering silhouettes. However, such primitives encode also information on camera parameters by the fact that their associated viewing cones should present a common intersection in space. In this paper, we investigate the problem both on the theoretical and practical viewpoint. In particular, we clarify why, and how, a set of image silhouettes of the same scene give constraints on camera parameters; these constraints justifying a calibration approach. The main contributions of this paper with respect to existing works is first to establish the optimal criterion that camera parameters should satisfy with respect to silhouettes, and second to provide a practical approach based on this criterion. Results on both synthetic and real data are shown to give insights into the method potential for camera calibration.
A Multi-Topic Bystander Intervention Program for Upper-Level Undergraduate Students: Outcomes in Sexual Violence, Racism, and High-Risk Alcohol Situations

Few bystander intervention trainings programs have evaluated behavioral outcomes in previously trained upper-level undergraduate students. Rigorous study designs are necessary to understand how multi-topic programs influence student outcomes to intervene against sexual violence, racism, and high-risk alcohol situations. A single-session bystander training for emphasizing communication strategies was developed for juniors and seniors on a private, Midwestern college campus. The training addressed sexual violence, racism, and high-risk alcohol situations and was evaluated using a randomized waitlist-control design in student-housing units. Online Qualtrics surveys were completed by 101 student participants (57 in the intervention group and 44 in the control group). Students responded to nine harm scenarios involving sexual violence, racism, and high-risk alcohol situations at baseline and 7 weeks follow-up. Between-group changes in scores were compared to determine the effect of the program on students’ (a) readiness to intervene; (b) confidence to intervene; (c) bystander behaviors among students who witnessed actual or potentially harmful events; and (d) bystander reports of their experiences. Qualitative analysis assessed how the program influenced the use of positive verbal communication strategies. Program effects increased positive bystander experiences when helping someone who had too much to drink and needed assistance. Over time both groups reported increased confidence levels to intervene when someone intoxicated was being isolated with sexual intent. There were no further significant findings in readiness, confidence, behaviors, or other experiences, though some positive nonsignificant trends emerged. The program demonstrated little efficacy. Results suggest opportunities to improve bystander outcomes in low-risk primary prevention situations and racist scenarios, suggesting that targeted intervention of these outcomes may be useful when developing programming with previously-trained students. As universities expand prevention work beyond the first year, lessons learned may help inform multi-year programming across health topics to prevent harm and create healthier college campuses.
CH4 and N2O emissions from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia

There are limited data for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from smallholder agricultural systems in tropical peatlands, with data for non‐CO2 emissions from human‐influenced tropical peatlands particularly scarce. The aim of this study was to quantify soil CH4 and N2O fluxes from smallholder agricultural systems on tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia and assess their environmental controls. The study was carried out in four regions in Malaysia and Indonesia. CH4 and N2O fluxes and environmental parameters were measured in cropland, oil palm plantation, tree plantation and forest. Annual CH4 emissions (in kg CH4 ha−1 year−1) were: 70.7 ± 29.5, 2.1 ± 1.2, 2.1 ± 0.6 and 6.2 ± 1.9 at the forest, tree plantation, oil palm and cropland land‐use classes, respectively. Annual N2O emissions (in kg N2O ha−1 year−1) were: 6.5 ± 2.8, 3.2 ± 1.2, 21.9 ± 11.4 and 33.6 ± 7.3 in the same order as above, respectively. Annual CH4 emissions were strongly determined by water table depth (WTD) and increased exponentially when annual WTD was above −25 cm. In contrast, annual N2O emissions were strongly correlated with mean total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in soil water, following a sigmoidal relationship, up to an apparent threshold of 10 mg N L−1 beyond which TDN seemingly ceased to be limiting for N2O production. The new emissions data for CH4 and N2O presented here should help to develop more robust country level ‘emission factors’ for the quantification of national GHG inventory reporting. The impact of TDN on N2O emissions suggests that soil nutrient status strongly impacts emissions, and therefore, policies which reduce N‐fertilisation inputs might contribute to emissions mitigation from agricultural peat landscapes. However, the most important policy intervention for reducing emissions is one that reduces the conversion of peat swamp forest to agriculture on peatlands in the first place.
The impact of cognitive function on physical activity, physical function and quality of life in older adults following a hip fracture

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of cognitive function on physical activity (PA), physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults within the first year after hip fracture (HF) surgery. Methods We included 397 home-dwelling individuals aged 70 years or older with the ability to walk 10 m before the fracture. Cognitive function was measured at 1 month and other outcomes were assessed at 1, 4 and 12 months postoperatively. Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognitive function, accelerometer-based body-worn sensors to register PA, Short Physical Performance Battery to test physical function and EuroQol-5-dimension-3-level to estimate the HRQoL. Data were analysed by linear mixed-effects models with interactions and ordinal logistic regression models. Results Cognitive function, adjusted for the pre-fracture ability to perform activities of daily living, comorbidity, age and gender, had an impact on PA [b = 3.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.20–5.23, P < 0.001] and physical function (b = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04–0.11, P < 0.001; b = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09–0.15, P < 0.001; and b = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.10–0.18, P < 0.001 at 1, 4 and 12 months, respectively). The cognitive function did not have a considerable impact on HRQoL. Conclusions For older adults with HFs, cognitive function 1 month postoperatively had a significant impact on PA and physical function in the first postoperative year. For the HRQoL, little or no evidence of such an effect was found.
Emotional labor and emotional capital: An interpretive phenomenological analysis of teachers of English

An emotionally charged situation for a teacher of English necessitates hiding certain emotions (emotional labor) though using the experience of the event can enable her to benefit from similar encounters in the future (emotional capital). This study is an attempt to find factors that have contributed to the emergence of emotional labor and then investigate whether teachers can gain capital out of such situations. Using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the study analyzed the diaries and interview data of three teachers of English who had their reflections about daily class incidents. The main themes emerging from the data revealed the existence of emotional labor which, in some cases, the teachers managed to build upon to gain emotional capital. The study suggests diary keeping, teacher bonding communities, and training in order to have emotionally conscious teachers.
Language structure, attitudes, and learning from ambient exposure: Lexical and phonotactic knowledge of Spanish among non-Spanish-speaking Californians and Texans

Recent work shows that ambient exposure in everyday situations can yield implicit knowledge of a language that an observer does not speak. We replicate and extend this work in the context of Spanish in California and Texas. In Word Identification and Wellformedness Rating experiments, non-Spanish-speaking Californians and Texans show implicit lexical and phonotactic knowledge of Spanish, which may be affected by both language structure and attitudes. Their knowledge of Spanish appears to be weaker than New Zealanders’ knowledge of Māori established in recent work, consistent with structural differences between Spanish and Māori. Additionally, the strength of a participant’s knowledge increases with the value they place on Spanish and its speakers in their state. These results showcase the power and generality of statistical learning of language in adults, while also highlighting how it cannot be divorced from the structural and attitudinal factors that shape the context in which it occurs.
Changes in lipid metabolism driven by steroid signalling modulate proteostasis in C. elegans

Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases can be caused by mutations that enhance protein aggregation, but we still do not know enough about the molecular players of these pathways to develop treatments for these devastating diseases. Here, we screen for mutations that might enhance aggregation in Caenorhabditis elegans, to investigate the mechanisms that protect against dysregulated homeostasis. We report that the stomatin homologue UNC‐1 activates neurohormonal signalling from the sulfotransferase SSU‐1 in ASJ sensory/endocrine neurons. A putative hormone, produced in ASJ, targets the nuclear receptor NHR‐1, which acts cell autonomously in the muscles to modulate polyglutamine repeat (polyQ) aggregation. A second nuclear receptor, DAF‐12, functions oppositely to NHR‐1 to maintain protein homeostasis. Transcriptomics analyses of unc‐1 mutants revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in fat metabolism, suggesting that fat metabolism changes, controlled by neurohormonal signalling, contribute to protein homeostasis. Furthermore, the enzymes involved in the identified signalling pathway are potential targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases caused by disrupted protein homeostasis.
Time to move beyond surgical classification systems for endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common condition associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, diagnosis relies on laparoscopy, and staging is based on extent of disease. Unfortunately, the current staging systems do not correlate well with pain severity and impact, nor do they predict prognosis, i.e., treatment success and recurrence of disease. In this article, we discuss the strengths and limitations of current staging systems and propose modifications that will enable better classification systems to be developed in the future.
Homotopy properties of Thom complexes

Introduction 2 1. Thom Spaces 3 1.1. G-framed submanifolds. Classes of L-equivalent submanifolds 3 1.2. Thom spaces. The classifying properties of Thom spaces 4 1.3. The cohomologies of Thom spaces modulo p for p > 2 6 1.4. Cohomologies of Thom spaces modulo 2 8 1.5. Diagonal Homomorphisms 11 2. Inner Homology Rings 13 2.1. Modules with One Generator 13 2.2. Modules over the Steenrod Algebra. The Case of a Prime p > 2 16 2.3. Modules over the Steenrod Algebra. The Case of p = 2 17
RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY WITH SELF-GENERATED MAG- NETIC FIELD AND THERMAL CONDUCTION IN 2D

High energy density laboratory experiments on Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) [1] in nonlinear regime show the plasma behavior significantly different from classical simulation results. We include the effects of self-generated magnetic field and heat conduction in simulations aiming to improve agreement with experiments. We find maximum magnetic fields generated ~11MG (β=0.091) without heat conduction (κ=0), field growth saturated by t=20ns; and ~1.7 MG with heat conduction taken into account. Strong magnetic fields in κ=0 simulations affect flow dynamics, new modes are generated. Effect of weaker magnetic fields in simulations with physical values of κ is insignificant; the main difference with classical RTI simulations is suppressed small scale features. In none of the simulations are mass extensions observed.
Image reconstruction for CT based on compressed sensing and ART

Algebraic reconstruction technique(ART) is an important method for the image reconstruction of computed tomography(CT),which can recover the image from incomplete projection data.However,ART suffers slow reconstruction speed.An algorithm based on ART is proposed to improve the quality of the recovered image and the speed of reconstruction,making use of the theory of compressed sensing.The algorithm,which combines the gradient sparsity of CT images and ART,performs the projection on the corresponding hyperplane in each iteration, and then adjusts the total variation with the gradient descend method to reduce the l1 norm of the image gradient.The experimental results show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Hausdorff’s Grundzűge der Mengenlehre

Felix Hausdorff (1868 – 1942)’s Grundzűge der Mengenlehre (Outlines of set Theory) [2] ranks among the most influential mathematical works of all times. Its impact was immediate and decisive. The title is not however not fully indicative of its contents. Hausdorff presents in the first six chapters a thorough and elegant account of Cantor's set theory (the book is dedicated to Georg Cantor (1845 – 1918), “the creator of set theory, in thankful reverence”) and goes on in the seventh chapter to apply set-theoretic concepts and methods to point-sets in general spaces. Hausdorff begins with an illuminating discussion of various possible approaches to the study of point-sets in general spaces, pointing out that any of three concepts distance, neighbourhood, limit can be taken as a starting point for building up a general theory. Hausdorff mentions that with the help of distance one can define neighbourhood and limit; with the help of neighbourhood one can define limit but not in general distance; with the help of limit one can define in general neither neighbourhood nor distance. “For various reasons, we prefer to build up the fundamental considerations of this chapter on neighbourhoods and bring up the other two concepts only later. However in order to give the reader at once the feeling of a complete picture we begin with the special type of neighbourhoods defined by distance”, says Hausdorff [2, p. 213]. Hausdorff then defines a metric space in the now familiar fashion,
ON WHITE'S FORMULA

A smooth knot is non-trivial precisely if it cannot be unlinked from every small deformation of itself. White's formula expresses the linking number of a representative of a knot and a deformation of it as a sum of two, not necessarily integral, terms — a writhe and a twist. An elementary proof is given of this formula. A byproduct of the proof is an easy derivation of the expression for the writhe of the knot in terms of standard invariants of the curve and the writhe of the knot diagram obtained by projection onto a plane.
Improved cookstoves to reduce household air pollution exposure in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review of intervention studies

Household air pollution (HAP), primarily from biomass fuels used for cooking, is associated with adverse health outcomes and premature mortality. It affects almost half of the world’s population, especially in low-income and low-resourced communities. However, many of the ’improved’ biomass cookstoves (ICS) aimed at reducing HAP lack empirical evidence of pollutant reduction and reliability in the field. A scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework was systematically conducted to explore and analyse the characteristics of cookstoves to assess the ICS available to meet the socio-economic and health needs of households in sub-Sahara Africa (sSA). The review searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Global Health Database on OVID, BASE, and conducted a grey literature search from 2014 to 2022 for all field-based ICS studies. In addition, user perspectives were explored for cookstoves analysed as available, affordable, and effective in reducing harmful biomass emissions. The search returned 1984 records. Thirty-three references containing 23 ICS brands were included. The cookstoves were analysed into seven categories: (1) efficiency in HAP reduction, (2) availability, (3) affordability, (4) sustainability, (5) safety, (6) health outcomes, and (7) user experience. Most (86.9%) of the improved cookstoves showed a reduction in harmful emission levels compared to the traditional three-stone fire. However, the levels were higher than the WHO-recommended safe levels. Only nine were priced below 40 USD. Users placed emphasis on cookstoves’ suitability for cooking, fuel and time savings, safety, and price. Equality in cooking-related gender roles and psychosocial benefits were also reported. The review demonstrated limited field testing, a lack of evidence of ICS emissions in real-life settings in sSA, heterogeneity in emission measurements, and incomplete descriptions of ICS and kitchen features. Gender differences in exposure and psychosocial benefits were also reported. The review recommends improved cookstove promotion alongside additional measures to reduce HAP at a cost affordable to low-resource households. Future research should focus on detailed reporting of study parameters to facilitate effective comparison of ICS performance in different social settings with different local foods and fuel types. Finally, a more community-based approach is needed to assess and ensure user voices are represented in HAP intervention studies, including designing the cookstoves.
Development of an online service for coping with spousal loss by means of human-centered and stakeholder-inclusive design: the case of LEAVES

Abstract To support older mourners after the loss of their partner, LEAVES, an online self-help service that delivers the LIVIA spousal bereavement intervention, was developed. It integrates an embodied conversational agent and an initial risk assessment. Based on an iterative, human-centered, and stakeholder inclusive approach, interviews with older mourners and focus groups with stakeholders were conducted to understand their perspective on grief and on using LEAVES. Subsequently, the resulting technology and service model were evaluated by means of interviews, focus groups, and an online survey. While digital literacy remains a challenge, LEAVES shows promise of being supportive to the targeted end-users.