Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Single Phase Boost Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Topology

In this paper a single phase switched-capacitor inverter is presented which generates the nine-level output with two DC sources. Compared to the other multilevel inverters (MLIs), the proposed inverter can reduce the circuit constituents like as power switches, diodes and capacitors which this feature leads to increase in efficiency of the inverter and decreases the switching and conduction losses. Moreover, this topology has the ability to voltage boosting. Another benefit of the presented inverter is the capacitor’s voltage balancing in each cycle that means no need to auxiliary circuits to keep balance the capacitors. Therefore the size, weight, outlay of the inverter and complication of the control strategy is reduced.
Emerging proxy evidence for coherent failures of the summer monsoons of Asia during the last millennium

PAGES news • Vol 18 • No 2 • August 2010 of fire in areas that are undergoing substantial land-use changes or are subject to widespread biological invasions (e.g., cheatgrass in the Great Basin of the United States). Currently, the spatial distribution models of fire activity described here have primarily been used to explore the occurrence of fires, yet other fire regime elements will be important to include in future work. Fire seasonality, intensity, area burned, and frequency are all elements of a fire regime, and all of these characteristics could be expected to shift under past or future climates. Overall, the pyrogeography framework provides a foundation for quantifying the causes and effects of fire regimes, which is critical to understanding fire-related ecosystem function, carbon dynamics and atmospheric chemistry.
A web tool for the design and management of panels of genes for targeted enrichment and massive sequencing for clinical applications

Disease targeted sequencing is gaining importance as a powerful and cost-effective application of high throughput sequencing technologies to the diagnosis. However, the lack of proper tools to process the data hinders its extensive adoption. Here we present TEAM, an intuitive and easy-to-use web tool that fills the gap between the predicted mutations and the final diagnostic in targeted enrichment sequencing analysis. The tool searches for known diagnostic mutations, corresponding to a disease panel, among the predicted patient's variants. Diagnostic variants for the disease are taken from four databases of disease-related variants (HGMD-public, HUMSAVAR, ClinVar and COSMIC.) If no primary diagnostic variant is found, then a list of secondary findings that can help to establish a diagnostic is produced. TEAM also provides with an interface for the definition of and customization of panels, by means of which, genes and mutations can be added or discarded to adjust panel definitions. TEAM is freely available at: http://team.babelomics. org.
Anomaly Detections in Internet traffic Using Empirical Measures

Introducing Internet traffic anomaly detection mechanism based on large deviations results for empirical measures. Using past traffic traces we characterize network traffic during various time-of-day intervals, assuming that it is anomaly-free. Throughout, we compare the two approaches presenting their advantages and disadvantages to identify and classify temporal network anomalies. We also demonstrate how our framework can be used to monitor traffic from multiple network elements in order to identify both spatial and temporal anomalies. We validate our techniques by analyzing real traffic traces with time-stamped anomalies.
Hepatitis C and renal transplantation: a review on historical aspects and current issues

Chronic liver disease has a significant impact on the survival of renal transplant recipients with an incidence rate of 4–38%. Approximately, 8–28% of renal transplant recipients die due to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis C seems to be the leading cause of chronic liver disease in kidney recipients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a wide range of prevalence (2.6–66%) among renal transplant recipients living in different countries with great genotype diversity in different parts of the world. Nowadays, antiviral drugs are used for the management of hepatitis C. Because of graft‐threatening effects of some antiviral drugs used in HCV‐infected renal transplant recipients, we specifically focused on HCV treatment after renal transplantation. Treatment of post‐renal transplantation chronic liver disease with INF and ribavirin remains controversial. Anecdotal reports on post‐renal transplantation hepatitis C demonstrate encouraging findings. This review summarises the most current information on diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, complications as well as the new aspects of treatment in HCV‐infected renal transplant recipients. HCV belongs to the family of Flaviviridae, genus Hepacivirus. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable and Efficient End-to-End Network Topology Inference

To construct an efficient overlay network, the information of underlay is important. We consider using end-to-end measurement tools such as traceroute to infer the underlay topology among a group of hosts. Previously, Max-Delta has been proposed to infer a highly accurate topology with a low number of traceroutes. However, Max-Delta relies on a central server to collect traceroute results and to select paths for hosts to traceroute. It is not scalable to large groups. In this paper, we investigate a distributed inference scheme to support scalable inference. In our scheme, each host joins an overlay tree before conducting traceroute. A host then independently selects paths for tracerouting and exchanges traceroute results with others through the overlay tree. As a result, each host can maintain a partially discovered topology. We have studied the key issue in the scheme, that is, how a low-diameter overlay tree can be constructed. Furthermore, we propose several techniques to reduce the measurement cost for topology inference. They include 1) integrating the Doubletree algorithm into our scheme to reduce measurement redundancy, 2) setting up a lookup table for routers to reduce traceroute size, and 3) conducting topology abstraction and reducing the computational frequency to reduce the computational overhead. As compared to the naive Max-Delta, our scheme is fully distributed and scalable. The computational loads for target selection are distributed to all the hosts instead of a single server. In addition, each host only communicates with a few other hosts. The consumption of edge bandwidth at a host is hence limited. We have done simulations on Internet-like topologies and conducted measurements on PlanetLab. The results show that the constructed tree has a low diameter and can support quick data exchange between hosts. Furthermore, the proposed improvements can efficiently reduce measurement redundancy, bandwidth consumption, and computational overhead.
Effect of hydrotalcite-like compounds on the aqueous solubility of some poorly water-soluble drugs.

A new approach of improving drug dissolution properties is described. This method exploits the property of a carrier owing to the hydrotalcite-type anionic clays (HTlc). HTlc is an inorganic layered solid that lodges anionic compounds among its layers. As HTlc dissolves at acidic pH values (pH < 4), the anions intercalated among the layers are promptly released in the medium. In this article some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were chosen as models of poorly water-soluble drugs. They were intercalated in HTlc and solubility measurements in acidic medium were performed. A remarkable improvement of drug solubility was observed especially in the case of indomethacin.
Medical Image Security with Cheater Identification

As the use of internet is increasing everything is available at home on just finger tips. Medical field cannot stay behind in these advancements. But there are lot of security threats and risks involved in sharing medical data. Providing security to patient's record is first responsibility of any medical organization. This paper focuses on medical image security with tamper detection. Security to a system is achieved by first encrypting the Electronic Patient Record by DNA cryptography. Then encrypted cipher image is given to verifiable secret sharing algorithm. These shares are distributed to participants. The created shares can be verified at recipient side. While participants combine the shares, secret can be revealed. The changes or modifications in the shares are detected using verifiability of shares. The results of technique are compared on the basis of SSIM and PSNR.
Polymorphic Variants of Adrenoceptors: Pharmacology, Physiology, and Role in Disease

The human genome encodes nine different adrenoceptor genes. These are grouped into three families, namely, the α1-, α2-, and β-adrenoceptors, with three family members each. Adrenoceptors are expressed by most cell types of the human body and are primary targets of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine that are released from the sympathetic nervous system during its activation. Upon catecholamine binding, adrenoceptors change conformation, couple to and activate G proteins, and thereby initiate various intracellular signaling cascades. As the primary receivers and transducers of sympathetic activation, adrenoceptors have a central role in human physiology and disease and are important targets for widely used drugs. All nine adrenoceptor subtypes display substantial genetic variation, both in their coding sequence as well as in adjacent regions. Despite the fact that some of the adrenoceptor variants range among the most frequently studied genetic variants assessed in pharmacogenetics to date, their functional relevance remains ill defined in many cases. A substantial fraction of the associations reported from early candidate gene approaches have not subsequently been confirmed in different cohorts or in genome-wide association studies, which have increasingly been conducted in recent years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all adrenoceptor variants that have reproducibly been detected in the larger genome sequencing efforts. We evaluate these variants with respect to the modulation of receptor function and expression and discuss their role in physiology and disease.
The intestinal calcistat

The main physiological function of vitamin D is maintenance of calcium homeostasis by its effect on calcium absorption, and bone health in association with parathyroid gland. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is defined as serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) levels <20 ng/ml. Do all subjects with VDD have clinical disease according to this definition? We hypothesize that there exist an intestinal calcistat, which controls the calcium absorption independent of PTH levels. It consists of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) on intestinal brush border, which senses calcium in intestinal cells and vitamin D system in intestinal cells. CaSR dampens the generation of active vitamin D metabolite in intestinal cells and decrease active transcellular calcium transport. It also facilitates passive paracellular diffusion of calcium in intestine. This local adaptation adjusts the fractional calcium absorption according the body requirement. Failure of local adaptation due to decreased calcium intake, decreased supply of 25OHD, mutation in CaSR or vitamin D system decreases systemic calcium levels and systemic adaptations comes into the play. Systemic adaptations consist of rise in PTH and increase in active vitamin D metabolites. These adaptations lead to bone resorption and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Not all subjects with varying levels of VDD manifest with secondary hyperparathyroidism and decreased in bone mineral density. We suggest that rise in PTH is first indicator of VDD along with decrease in BMD depending on duration of VDD. Hence, subjects with any degree of VDD with normal PTH and BMD should not be labeled as vitamin D deficient. These subjects can be called subclinical VDD, and further studies are required to assess beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in this subset of population.
Etude comparative des différents modes d'alimentation en électricité en Afrique rurale

Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite.
What's going on?: learning communication rules in edge networks

Existing traffic analysis tools focus on traffic volume. They identify the heavy-hitters - flows that exchange high volumes of data, yet fail to identify the structure implicit in network traffic - do certain flows happen before, after or along with each other repeatedly over time? Since most traffic is generated by applications (web browsing, email, p2p), network traffic tends to be governed by a set of underlying rules. Malicious traffic such as network-wide scans for vulnerable hosts (mySQLbot) also presents distinct patterns. We present eXpose, a technique to learn the underlying rules that govern communication over a network. From packet timing information, eXpose learns rules for network communication that may be spread across multiple hosts, protocols or applications. Our key contribution is a novel statistical rule mining technique to extract significant communication patterns in a packet trace without explicitly being told what to look for. Going beyond rules involving flow pairs, eXpose introduces templates to systematically abstract away parts of flows thereby capturing rules that are otherwise unidentifiable. Deployments within our lab and within a large enterprise show that eXpose discovers rules that help with network monitoring, diagnosis, and intrusion detection with few false positives.
An Integrated VCO with Frequency Tripler in SiGe BiCMOS with a 1-dB Bandwidth from 22 GHz to 32 GHz for Multiband 5G Wireless Networks

We present a 9 GHz wideband voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) integrated with a frequency tripler on a single chip. The circuit can generate frequencies from 21.3 GHz to 32.1 GHz with a phase noise between −122 and −114 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset from the carrier. The 1-dB bandwidth is from 22 GHz to 32 GHz with an output power between −13 dBm and −12 dBm. Using a direct-conversion or a sliding-IF transceiver frontend architecture, various 5G frequency bands between 24 GHz and 40 GHz can be addressed. The chip occupies an area of 1.5 mm2 and dissipates 95 mA from a 3.3 V supply.
Composition of leucocytes in peripheral blood of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides, Smitt, 1898) (Nototheniidae)

ABSTRACT The composition of leukocytes in the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt, 1898), caught in the Scotia Sea at a depth of more than 1000 m, was studied. Cells with various morphofunctional characteristics and cell structure were found. Lymphocytes were predominant, followed by, in decreasing order, eosinophils, monocytes, blast forms and neutrophils. The composition of leukocytes in the Patagonian toothfish consists of the same types of leukocytes as the earlier studied Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni Norman, 1937), but the percentage of white blood cells in the leukocyte formula differs between the two species.
Endogenous and Exogenous Fluorescence Skin Cancer Diagnostics for Clinical Applications

A short review will be presented of the recent clinical achievements in the field of skin autofluorescence and exogenous fluorescence tumor detection. Photosensitizers used for exogenous photodetection of cutaneous lesions will be discussed from the point of view of their photodynamic diagnostic properties and their advantages and drawbacks associated with clinical applications. A survey on various results of detection and differentiation of the fluorescent data observed from malignant cutaneous lesions will be summarized and an optimization of the skin cancer detection techniques based on fluorescence diagnostics will be analyzed and discussed. A short presentation will be given of own experimental results and clinical experience acquired in the past decade in the autofluorescence diagnostics of different benign, dysplastic, and malignant skin neoplasia. The origins of the fluorescence spectra, their peculiarities, the feasibility of clinical tumor detection, and differentiation needs will also be discussed.
Interaction of Bacteriophage T7 Gene 4 Primase with Its Template Recognition Site*

The primase fragment of the bacteriophage T7 63-kDa gene 4 helicase/primase protein contains the 271 N-terminal amino acid residues and lacks helicase activity. The primase fragment catalyzes the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides at rates similar to those catalyzed by the full-length protein in the presence of a 5-nucleotide DNA template containing a primase recognition site (5′-GGGTC-3′, 5′-TGGTC-3′, 5′-GTGTC-3′, or 5′-TTGTC-3′). Although it is not copied into the oligoribonucleotides, the cytosine at the 3′-position is essential for synthesis and template binding. Two nucleotides flanking the 3′-end of the recognition site are required for tight DNA binding and rapid oligoribonucleotide synthesis. Nucleotides added to the 5′-end have no effect on the rate of oligoribonucleotide synthesis or the affinity of the primase for DNA. The binding of either ATP or CTP significantly increases the affinity of the primase for its DNA template. DNA lacking a primase recognition site does not inhibit oligoribonucleotide synthesis, suggesting that the primase binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner. The affinity of the primase for templates is weak, ranging from 10 to 150 μm. The tight DNA binding (<1 μm) observed with the 63-kDa gene 4 protein occurs viainteractions between DNA templates and the helicase domain.
Rare Exonic Minisatellite Alleles in MUC2 Influence Susceptibility to Gastric Carcinoma

Background Mucins are the major components of mucus and their genes share a common, centrally-located region of sequence that encodes tandem repeats. Mucins are well known genes with respect to their specific expression levels; however, their genomic levels are unclear because of complex genomic properties. In this study, we identified eight novel minisatellites from the entire MUC2 region and investigated how allelic variation in these minisatellites may affect susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancer. Methodology/Principle Findings We analyzed genomic DNA from the blood of normal healthy individuals and multi-generational family groups. Six of the eight minisatellites exhibited polymorphism and were transmitted meiotically in seven families, following Mendelian inheritance. Furthermore, a case-control study was performed that compared genomic DNA from 457 cancer-free controls with DNA from individuals with gastric (455), colon (192) and rectal (271) cancers. A statistically significant association was identified between rare exonic MUC2-MS6 alleles and the occurrence of gastric cancer: odds ratio (OR), 2.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31–5.04; and p = 0.0047. We focused on an association between rare alleles and gastric cancer. Rare alleles were divided into short (40, 43 and 44) and long (47, 50 and 54), according to their TR (tandem repeats) lengths. Interestingly, short rare alleles were associated with gastric cancer (OR = 5.6, 95% CI: 1.93–16.42; p = 0.00036). Moreover, hypervariable MUC2 minisatellites were analyzed in matched blood and cancer tissue from 28 patients with gastric cancer and in 4 cases of MUC2-MS2, minisatellites were found to have undergone rearrangement. Conclusions/Significance Our observations suggest that the short rare MUC2-MS6 alleles could function as identifiers for risk of gastric cancer. Additionally, we suggest that minisatellite instability might be associated with MUC2 function in cancer cells.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase containing SH2 domains: characterization, preferential expression in hematopoietic cells, and localization to human chromosome 12p12-p13

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been implicated in the growth and functional responses of hematopoietic cells. Recently, approaches have been developed to characterize the protein tyrosine phosphatases that may contribute to regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. One novel protein tyrosine phosphatase was expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells. Hematopoietic cell phosphatase encodes a 68-kDa protein that contains a single phosphatase conserved domain. Unlike other known protein tyrosine phosphatases, hematopoietic cell phosphatase contains two src homology 2 domains. We also cloned the human homolog, which has 95% amino acid sequence identity. Both the murine and human gene products have tyrosine-specific phosphatase activity, and both are expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells. Importantly, the human gene maps to chromosome 12 region p12-p13. This region is associated with rearrangements in approximately 10% of cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia in children.
On unstructured distributed search over BitTorrent

Current BitTorrent discovery methods rely on either centralised systems or structured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. These methods present security weaknesses that can be exploited in order to censor or remove information from the network. To alleviate this threat, we propose incorporating an unstructured peer-to-peer information discovery mechanism that can be used in the event that the centralised or structured P2P mechanisms are compromised. Unstructured P2P information discovery has fewer security weaknesses. However, in this case, the performance of the search is nondeterministic since it is not practical to perform an exhaustive search. The search performance then strongly depends on the distribution of documents in the network. To determine the practicality of unstructured P2P search over BitTorrent, we first conducted a 64 day study of BitTorrent activities, looking at the distribution of 1.6 million torrents on 5.4 million peers. We found that the distribution of torrents follows a power law which is not amenable to unstructured search. To address this, we introduce a simple modification to BitTorrent which enables each peer to index a random subset of tracking data, i.e. the torrent ID and list of participating nodes. A successful search is then one that finds a peer with tracking data, rather than a peer directly participating in the torrent. The distribution of this tracking data is shown to be capable of supporting an accurate unstructured search for torrents.We assess the overheads introduced by our extension and conclude that we would require small amounts of bandwidth, that are easily provided by current home broadband capabilities. We also simulate our extension to verify our model and to explore our extension's capabilities in different situations. We demonstrate that our extension can satisfy PAC search queries for torrents, under network churn and complex node behaviours.