Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron spin synchronization induced by optical nuclear magnetic resonance feedback

We predict a new physical mechanism explaining the electron spin precession frequency focusing effect observed recently in singly charged quantum dots exposed to a periodic train of resonant circularly polarized short optical pulses [A. Greilich et al, Science 317, 1896 (2007), Ref. 1]. We show that electron spin precession in an external magnetic field and a field of nuclei creates a Knight field oscillating at the frequency of nuclear spin resonance. This field drives the projection of the nuclear spin onto magnetic field to the value that makes the electron spin precession frequency a multiple of the train cyclic repetition frequency, which is the condition at which the Knight field vanishes.
Effects of polymer additives in the bulk of turbulent thermal convection

We present experimental evidence that a minute amount of polymer additives can significantly enhance heat transport in the bulk region of turbulent thermal convection. The effects of polymer additives are found to be the enhancement of coherent heat fluxes and suppression of incoherent heat fluxes. The enhanced heat transport is associated with the increased coherency of thermal plumes, as a result of the suppression of small-scale turbulent fluctuations by polymers. The incoherent heat flux, arising from turbulent background fluctuations, makes no net contribution to heat transport. The fact that polymer additives can increase the coherency of thermal plumes is supported by the measurements of a number of local quantities, such as the extracted plume amplitude and width, the velocity autocorrelation functions and the velocity–temperature cross-correlation coefficient. The results from local measurements also suggest the existence of a threshold value for the polymer concentration, only above which significant modification of the plume coherent properties and enhancement of the local heat flux can be observed. Estimation of the plume emission rate suggests a stabilization of the thermal boundary layer by polymer additives.
Status of the LUX Dark Matter Search

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter search experiment is currently being deployed at the Homestake Laboratory in South Dakota. We will highlight the main elements of design which make the experiment a very strong competitor in the field of direct detection, as well as an easily scalable concept. We will also present its potential reach for supersymmetric dark matter detection, within various timeframes ranging from 1 year to 5 years or more.
Morphing Blades: Theory and Proof of Principles

—Tidal turbines experience large load fluctua- tions due to the unsteady environment and the shear in the tidal flow. Mitigating these fluctuations without affecting the mean load would result in lower capital and operational costs. In this paper we discuss how this could be achieved through blades that passively and elastically adapt their camber and angle of attack to counteract unsteady flow conditions. Firstly, we discuss the underlying principles of unsteady thrust mitigation. We show that complete cancel- lation of the thrust fluctuations would be possible if every blade section could pitch passively and independently of neighbouring sections. Secondly, we provide proof of principle for two practical implementations through physical experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations. We consider a blade that is rigid near the leading edge and flexible near the trailing edge. We show that the unsteady load mitigation is proportional to the ratio between the length of the flexible and rigid parts of the blade. For example, for a blade section where the flexibility is concentrated in a hinge at 3/4 of the chord, the amplitude of the fluctuations is 3/4 of the original amplitude. Secondly, we consider a solid, rigid blade with a passive pitch mechanism. We show that, for a 1 MW turbine operating in shear flow, more than 80% of the unsteady loading is mitigated. These results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of morphing blades for mitigating thrust fluctuations on tidal turbines.
A Review of How to Use Chatbots in the Future

The current, rapid advancement of technology across all fields, including services based on artificial intelligence (AI), serves as the driving force for this study. In contrast to other forms of AI technology, chatbots may interact with clients directly and without human intervention. According to the studied research, chatbots have a chance of failing. Additionally, if the "practice" data utilized is not as exact, the dialogue cannot be understood, and last but not least, secure personal data. Chatbots are not a new concept, but they still have room for development. Additionally, it is envisaged that industry participants will gain knowledge of the function of automation so they may use chatbots to boost business profitability and provide efficiency in many operational fields. Keywords: Perceived ease of use; trusts; continuous intention to use; chatbots; literature review
Can Rossby waves explain the cyclic magnetic activity of the Sun and solar-type stars?

Magnetic activity is a global property of the Sun; the complex processes of solar activity are connected with the solar magnetic fields. For solar-type stars and the Sun magnetic activity depends on the physical parameters of the star. In this article we study the relationships between the duration of activity cycle and effective temperature for solar-type stars and the Sun. We've tried to explain these relationships due to the existence of layer of laminar convection near the bottom of the convective zone of the star. In this layer the Rossby waves are formed. They generate the primary poloidal magnetic field, which is the source of energy of the complex phenomena of magnetic activity.
Multispectral U-Net: A Semantic Segmentation Model Using Multispectral Bands Fusion Mechanism for Landslide Detection

Each image patch of the Landslide4Sense dataset has 14 bands, which is different with the RGB satellite imagery. A new model called Multispectral U-Net was proposed. We conduct experiments and apply two modifications to traditional U-Net to improve the performance. Firstly, the skip-connection and spectral normalization regularization are used to enhance the model ability of feature extraction. Secondly, an extra Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks branch is introduced for 10 meters resolution bands. We split the official dataset into two parts, with 3539 images for training and 260 images for testing. Multispectral U-Net accomplishes the best performance, with an F1-score of 77.83%, followed by the baseline U-Net and Deeplabv3+. The model has better performance on multi-spectral data and small objection for landslide detection.
Secure Computation on the SAP Cloud Platform

In the shared responsibility model of the cloud, all parties should be equipped with enough tools to protect data actively. While users might be partially responsible, they often do not have full control over their data. Data breaches in the cloud are amongst the highest ranked threats and arguably can do the most damage. Encryption techniques can ensure data confidentiality, but only for data at rest and data in transit. If we want to protect the data during processing, as a user, we need more advanced techniques. In this thesis, we will look into how secure computation can help protect data in the cloud and more specifically what homomorphic encryption can achieve and how it impacts performance and security.
Detecting and Analyzing Suicidal Ideation on Social Media Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models

Individuals who suffer from suicidal ideation frequently express their views and ideas on social media. Thus, several studies found that people who are contemplating suicide can be identified by analyzing social media posts. However, finding and comprehending patterns of suicidal ideation represent a challenging task. Therefore, it is essential to develop a machine learning system for automated early detection of suicidal ideation or any abrupt changes in a user’s behavior by analyzing his or her posts on social media. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on experimental research for building a suicidal ideation detection system using publicly available Reddit datasets, word-embedding approaches, such as TF-IDF and Word2Vec, for text representation, and hybrid deep learning and machine learning algorithms for classification. A convolutional neural network and Bidirectional long short-term memory (CNN–BiLSTM) model and the machine learning XGBoost model were used to classify social posts as suicidal or non-suicidal using textual and LIWC-22-based features by conducting two experiments. To assess the models’ performance, we used the standard metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores. A comparison of the test results showed that when using textual features, the CNN–BiLSTM model outperformed the XGBoost model, achieving 95% suicidal ideation detection accuracy, compared with the latter’s 91.5% accuracy. Conversely, when using LIWC features, XGBoost showed better performance than CNN–BiLSTM.
Detection of orbital fluctuations above the structural transition temperature in the iron pnictides and chalcogenides

We use point-contact spectroscopy (PCS) to probe AEFe2As2 (AE=Ca, Sr, Ba) and Fe1+yTe. For AE=Sr,Ba we detect orbital fluctuations above TS while for AE=Ca these fluctuations start below TS. Co doping preserves the orbital fluctuations while K doping suppresses it. The fluctuations are only seen at those dopings and temperatures where an in-plane resistive anisotropy is known to exist. We predict an in-plane resistive anisotropy of Fe1+yTe above TS. Our data are examined in light of the recent work by Lee and Phillips (arXiv:1110.5917v2). We also study how joule heating in the PCS junctions impacts the spectra. Spectroscopic information is only obtained from those PCS junctions that are free of heating effects while those PCS junctions that are in the thermal regime display bulk resistivity phenomena.
Exploring the Concept, Antecedents, and Consequences of Environmental Psychological Ownership

This paper extends the concept of psychological ownership to the general natural environment, clarifies the concept of environmental psychological ownership, and analyzes the formation mechanism of environmental psychological ownership from three dimensions. According to the results of structural equation model based on data obtained from the questionnaire survey, pro-environment investment, environmental self-efficacy, and environmental knowledge are all positively associated with the individual’s environmental psychological ownership, among which the correlation between environmental knowledge and environmental psychological ownership is the strongest. In addition, the environmental psychological ownership positively predicts the individual’s pro-environmental intentions. The conclusion of the study can guide how to strengthen the environmental psychological ownership, thus providing a new perspective for pro-environmental behavior intervention.
Comments on All-electron self-consistent GW in the Matsubara-time domain: Implementation and benchmarks of semiconductors and insulators

Chu et al. recently reported extensive results of local density approximation (LDA) and of four (4) different Green function and dressed Coulomb (GW) approximation calculations of electronic properties of several semiconductors and insulators [Phys. Rev. B 93, 125210 (2016)].
Life Satisfaction in Young Adults—The Moderating Role of Parental Support

The transition to adulthood in Western societies, termed emerging adulthood (EA), holds new challenges for family relationships across and within generations. Drawing on Self Determination Theory and Bowens’ Family systems theory, this study examines the combined contribution of personal resources and relationships with parents and friends to satisfaction with life among young Israeli adults. It also examines the possible change in parental support that occurs with increasing age. A convenience sample (n = 572) of young Jewish Israeli adults (18–29 years) completed structured questionnaires. Using regression analysis, we modelled the associations between personal and support variables to life satisfaction as well as the interactions between age and parental support. The findings reveal that young women reported receiving more parental support than young men. Commitment to values and beliefs and greater support from friends make a positive contribution to life satisfaction. High parental support impairs life satisfaction as age increases. The study extends Bowens’ theory to understand the developmental stage of young adulthood and emphasize on the practical level that therapists need to familiarize themselves with the protective variables at this stage of life and the changing role of parental support.
Metasurface Antennas Design: Full-Wave Feeder Modeling and Far-Field Optimization

This article addresses the optimization of the radiation pattern of surface-wave (SW)-based metasurface (MTS) antennas. Those antennas are considered a promising alternative to parabolic reflectors and phased arrays due to their extremely low profile and their ability to provide high gain, shaped beams and multibeams. However, pattern synthesis with MTS antennas is very challenging because of the single active control point and the need to control surface and leaky waves through the MTS. An accurate optimization of the radiation pattern, along with the sidelobe level requires full-wave modeling of the feeding structure, including its coupling with the MTS. MTS synthesis methods existing in the literature usually approximate the feeder model, and neglect its coupling with the MTS. Such approximation may lead to more than 1 dB error in the predicted antenna directivity. This article presents a technique for optimization of the far-field pattern, built on a Method of Moments (MoM) analysis tool in which the MTS coupling with the feeder, a coax probe, is fully considered. The MTS is modeled as an arbitrarily shaped, spatially modulated electric sheet impedance in a layered medium. At each optimization iteration, the complexity of the underlying analysis is $\mathcal {O}(\text {N}\log \text {N})$ owing to the use of a fast Fourier transforms (FFT)-based acceleration. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through the optimization of MTSs radiating a pencil beam and a conical beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM).
Early Life Stress Affects Bdnf Regulation: A Role for Exercise Interventions

Early life stress (ELS) encompasses exposure to aversive experiences during early development, such as neglect or maltreatment. Animal and human studies indicate that ELS has maladaptive effects on brain development, leaving individuals more vulnerable to developing behavioral and neuropsychiatric disorders later in life. This result occurs in part to disruptions in Brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene regulation, which plays a vital role in early neural programming and brain health in adulthood. A potential treatment mechanism to reverse the effects of ELS on Bdnf expression is aerobic exercise due to its neuroprotective properties and positive impact on Bdnf expression. Aerobic exercise opens the door to exciting and novel potential treatment strategies because it is a behavioral intervention readily and freely available to the public. In this review, we discuss the current literature investigating the use of exercise interventions in animal models of ELS to reverse or mitigate ELS-induced changes in Bdnf expression. We also encourage future studies to investigate sensitive periods of exercise exposure, as well as sufficient duration of exposure, on epigenetic and behavioral outcomes to help lead to standardized practices in the exercise intervention field.
A High-Gain Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna With Folded Ground Walls

This letter proposes an approach to improve the gain of a microstrip patch antenna on a suspended substrate without compromising its bandwidth. The ground plane of the antenna is folded upward to form sidewalls parallel to the nonradiating edges. The distance from the patch edges and the height of the sidewalls are determined to maximize the radiation performance of the resultant antenna. This approach results in a peak gain better than 12 dBi and impedance bandwidth of around 45<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Simulation studies indicate that sidewalls parallel to radiating edges degrade the antenna performance.
Numerical tests of AdS/CFT at strong coupling

We study various correlation functions (two- and three-point functions) in a large N matrix model of six commuting matrices with a numerical Monte Carlo algorithm. This is equivalent to a model of a gas of particles in six dimensions with a confining quadratic potential and logarithmic repulsions at finite temperature, where we are measuring the leading-order nongaussianities in the thermal fluctuations. This is a simplified model of the low-energy dynamics of N=4 SYM at strong coupling. We find strong evidence that the simplified matrix model matches with the dual gravitational description of three-point functions in the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Cosmic dust particle densities - Evidence for two populations of stony micrometeorites

The existence of two populations of stony micrometeorites of distinctly different densities would result in significantly different orbital evolution properties for particles from each group. The densities inferred from deceleration of meteors in the earth's atmosphere suggest a substantial amount of the meteoric material has densities of 1 g/cu cm or less (Verniani, 1973). However, measurements of microcraters on lunar rock surfaces led Brownlee et al. (1973) to the conclusion that most micrometeoroids impacting the moon had densities in the 2-4 g/cu cm range, and low-density micrometeoroids were rare. The recovery of stony micrometeorites from the earth's stratosphere after atmospheric deceleration provides the opportunity to resolve the discrepancies. Here, the densities of 12 stony micrometeorites are determined, using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to infer the particle mass and optical microscope measurements of the volumes. The particles fall into two distinct density groups, with mean values of 0.6 and 1.9 g/cu cm. The factor of 3 difference in the mean densities between the two populations implies differences in the orbital evolution time scales.
The Physics of Foraging: An Introduction to Random Searches and Biological Encounters

Part I. Introduction: Movement: 1. Empirical motivation for studying movement 2. Statistical physics of biological motion 3. Random walks and Levy flights 4. Wandering albatrosses Part II. Experimental Findings: 5. Early studies 6. Evidence of anomalous diffusion 7. Human dispersal 8. How strong is the evidence? Part III. Theory of Foraging: 9. Optimizing encounter rates 10. Levy flight foraging 11. Other search models Part IV. Finale: A Broader Context: 12. Superdiffusive random searches 13. Adaptational versus emergent superdiffusion 14. Perspectives and open problems Appendices References Index.
A Temporal Comparative RNA Transcriptome Profile of the Annexin Gene Family in the Salivary versus Lacrimal Glands of the Sjögren’s Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 Mouse

A generally accepted hypothesis for the initial activation of an immune or autoimmune response argues that alarmins are released from injured, dying and/or activated immune cells, and these products complex with receptors that activate signal transduction pathways and recruit immune cells to the site of injury where the recruited cells are stimulated to initiate immune and/or cellular repair responses. While there are multiple diverse families of alarmins such as interleukins (IL), heat-shock proteins (HSP), Toll-like receptors (TLR), plus individual molecular entities such as Galectin-3, Calreticulin, Thymosin, alpha-Defensin-1, RAGE, and Interferon-1, one phylogenetically conserved family are the Annexin proteins known to promote an extensive range of biomolecular and cellular products that can directly and indirectly regulate inflammation and immune activities. For the present report, we examined the temporal expression profiles of the 12 mammalian annexin genes (Anxa1-11 and Anxa13), applying our temporal genome-wide transcriptome analyses of ex vivo salivary and lacrimal glands from our C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model of Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS), a human autoimmune disease characterized primarily by severe dry mouth and dry eye symptoms. Results indicate that annexin genes Anax1-7 and -11 exhibited upregulated expressions and the initial timing for these upregulations occurred as early as 8 weeks of age and prior to any covert signs of a SS-like disease. While the profiles of the two glands were similar, they were not identical, suggesting the possibility that the SS-like disease may not be uniform in the two glands. Nevertheless, this early pre-clinical and concomitant upregulated expression of this specific set of alarmins within the immune-targeted organs represents a potential target for identifying the pre-clinical stage in human SS as well, a fact that would clearly impact future interventions and therapeutic strategies.
Imaging the cold molecular gas in SDSS J1148 + 5251 at z = 6.4

We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the CO ($J = 2 \rightarrow 1$) line emission towards the $z = 6.419$ quasar SDSS J$114816.64+525150.3$ (J$1148+5251$). The molecular gas is found to be marginally resolved with a major axis of $0.9"$ (consistent with previous size measurements of the CO ($J = 7 \rightarrow 6$) emission). We observe tentative evidence for extended line emission towards the south west on a scale of ~$1.4"$, but this is only detected at $3.3\sigma$ significance and should be confirmed. The position of the molecular emission region is in excellent agreement with previous detections of low frequency radio continuum emission as well as [C ii] line and thermal dust continuum emission. These CO ($J = 2 \rightarrow 1$) observations provide an anchor for the low excitation part of the molecular line SED. We find no evidence for extended low excitation component, neither in the spectral line energy distribution nor the image. We fit a single kinetic gas temperature model of 50 K. We revisit the gas and dynamical masses in light of this new detection of a low order transition of CO, and confirm previous findings that there is no extended reservoir of cold molecular gas in J$1148+5251$, and that the source departs substantially from the low $z$ relationship between black hole mass and bulge mass. Hence, the characteristics of J$1148+5251$ at $z = 6.419$ are very similar to $z$~$2$ quasars, in the lack of a diffuse cold gas reservoir and kpc-size compactness of the star forming region.
On neoclassical impurity transport in stellarator geometry

The impurity dynamics in stellarators has become an issue of moderate concern due to the inherent tendency of the impurities to accumulate in the core when the neoclassical ambipolar radial electric field points radially inwards (ion root regime). This accumulation can lead to collapse of the plasma due to radiative losses, and thus limit high performance plasma discharges in non-axisymmetric devices. A quantitative description of the neoclassical impurity transport is complicated by the breakdown of the assumption of small E × B drift and trapping due to the electrostatic potential variation on a flux surface compared with those due to the magnetic field gradient. This work examines the impact of this potential variation on neoclassical impurity transport in the Large Helical Device heliotron. It shows that the neoclassical impurity transport can be strongly affected by . The central numerical tool used is the δf particle in cell Monte Carlo code EUTERPE. The used in the calculations is provided by the neoclassical code GSRAKE. The possibility of obtaining a more general self-consistently with EUTERPE is also addressed and a preliminary calculation is presented.