Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boundary conditions for the numerical solution of wave propagation problems

Many finite difference models in use for generating synthetic seismograms produce unwanted reflections from the edges of the model due to the use of Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. In this paper we develop boundary conditions which greatly reduce this edge reflection. A reflection coefficient analysis is given which indicates that, for the specified boundary conditions, smaller reflection coefficients than those obtained for Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are obtained. Numerical calculations support this conclusion.
High-pressure process to produce GaN crystals

High melt temperature and thermal decomposition prevent the use of standard bulk semiconductor crystal growth processes for the production of GaN. We have employed a hydrostatic pressure system to grow GaN crystals. An ultrahigh pressure, high temperature process was developed using a solid-phase nitrogen source to form GaN crystals in a Ga metal melt. Using a thermal gradient diffusion process, in which nitrogen dissolves in the high temperature region of the metal melt and diffuses to the lower temperature, lower solubility region, high quality crystals up to ∼1 mm in size were formed, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman analysis.
An experimental study of simulated plasma-covered slots on cylinders and cones

The effect of a plasma on the radiation characteristics of slot and gap apertures located on cylinders and cones has been studied by means of a plasma simulation technique. The relative index of refraction of less than unity between the plasma and free space was maintained for the model by an analog tank in which free space was represented by a high dielectric constant liquid and plasma by a lower dielectric material. The antenna pattern of an axial slot on a cylinder with a simulated plasma covering had good agreement with theory for radiation in the equatorial plane, as did the antenna pattern for a simulated plasma-covered, center-fed, cylindrical antenna. The experimental pattern of a cavity-fed circumferential slot on a cone-hemisphere covered with simulated plasma is also presented.
The impact of sleep quality, fatigue and social well‐being on depressive symptomatology in autistic older adolescents and young adults

Depression and poor sleep quality commonly co‐occur with autism, and depression has been associated with loneliness and reduced social support. In non‐autistic samples, poor sleep quality and daytime fatigue also contribute to depression. However, the contribution of sleep quality and fatigue to depressive symptoms, and how they interact with social factors to influence depression in autism remain unexplored. Our aim was to examine these relationships in 114 young autistic adults aged 15–25 years (57% male) from the SASLA online, longitudinal study (baseline and 2‐year follow‐up). Hierarchical multiple regression models examined the association between social well‐being (social integration and social contribution; T1), sleep quality (T1, T2), and fatigue (T1, T2) on depression (T1, T2). Two mediation models were conducted on T1 data predicting depression from sleep quality though fatigue and sleep quality through social well‐being. Depression and fatigue scores did not change over 2 years, but sleep quality worsened. The T1 regression model was significant (R2 = 36%) with fatigue and social contribution individually predicting depression symptomatology. The longitudinal regression model was also significant (adjusted R2 = 57%) with social contribution (T1) as the only significant predictor of depression (T2). Fatigue trended towards mediating the sleep quality–depression relationship, while social well‐being was a significant partial mediator of this relationship. Results highlight that sleep quality, fatigue, and social well‐being contribute to depression among young autistic adults. Interestingly, fatigue and social well‐being were independently associated with depression. Thus, addressing sleep quality and associated fatigue, and social well‐being is important when treating depression in autistic individuals.
Normative scores for attentional tests used by the Spanish consortium for ageing normative data (SCAND) study: Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol and Letter Cancellation

Abstract Objective: This paper reports normative data for different attentional tests obtained from a sample of middle-aged and older native Spanish adults and considering effects of age, educational level and sex. Method: 2,597 cognitively intact participants, aged from 50 to 98 years old, participated voluntarily in the SCAND consortium studies. The statistical procedure included conversion of percentile ranges into scaled scores. The effects of age, education and sex were taken into account. Linear regressions were used to calculate adjusted scaled scores. Results: Scaled scores and percentiles corresponding to the TMT, Digit Symbol and Letter Cancellation Task are shown. Additional tables show the values to be added to or subtracted from the scaled scores, for age and education in the case of the TMT and Letter Cancellation Task measures, and for education in the case of the Digit Symbol subtest. Conclusions: The current norms provide clinically useful data for evaluating Spanish people aged 50 to 98 years old and contribute to improving detection of initial symptoms of cognitive impairment.
From Research to Practice: Basic Mathematics Skills and Success in Introductory Statistics

Based on previous research of Johnson and Kuennen (2006), we conducted a study to determine factors that would possibly predict student success in an introductory statistics course. Our results were similar to Johnson and Kuennen in that we found students' basic mathematical skills, as measured on a test created by Johnson and Kuennen, were a significant predictor of student success in the course. We also found a significant professor effect. These results have prompted us to evaluate and modify the teaching of our introductory statistics course.
HEAO A-2 soft X-ray source catalog

The HEAO A-2 low energy X-ray detectors have surveyed over 95% of the sky in the spectral bands 0.18-0.44 and 0.44-2.8 keV, down to a typical limiting sensitivity of 1 x 10 to the -11th and 3 x 10 to the -11th ergs per sq cm per sec in each band, respectively. Using a significance criterion of 6 sigma for existence, 114 sources are cataloged, of which 54 were previously undiscovered and 32 remain unidentified. The catalog contains a listing of all counterpart identifications and a cross-reference to all HEAO 1 A-2 low energy detector team publications on the catalog sources complete through the end of 1981. Supplementary material allows the estimation of spectral parameters for the spectral models from the observed intensities. Simple graphs allow the extraction of energy fluxes at the earth, both with and without the effects of interstellar absorption. The angular distribution of the cataloged sources in the 0.44-2.8 keV band is concentrated toward the galactic plane and resembles that seen at higher energy. The distribution in the 0.18-0.44 keV band is more uniform and contains many more newly discovered and unidentified sources.
Semi-Empirical Modeling of Turbulent Anisotropy for Airfoil Self-Noise Predictions

In the present paper an approach to derive anisotropic turbulence properties from standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations is proposed. The theory includes models for anisotropic velocity spectra and scaling functions that can be used to derive other turbulence parameters required for the turbulent boundary-layer trailing-edge interaction noise prediction. This type of noise is supposed to be affected by the inhomogeneous and anisotropic flow character near the trailing edge of an airfoil or wing. For this purpose, two-point turbulent velocity correlation measurements in the near wake of two airfoils (NACA 0012 and NACA 64 3 -418) at high Reynolds numbers (Re = 1.5 x 10 6 and 2.5 x 10 6 ) were conducted in the Laminar Wind Tunnel of the University of Stuttgart. A detailed postprocessing along with assessment of the experimental data has been performed for the modeling of different isotropic and anisotropic velocity spectra and related length scales. For this modeling, an anisotropy amplitude scaling method and Kolmogorov local-isotropy hypothesis have been applied. Furthermore, two different semi-empirical functions have been correlated to the resultant anisotropy scaling factors to model the effects of turbulence anisotropy in numerically predicted Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes data. The proposed spectrum modeling allows an accurate evaluation of the turbulence mean dissipation rate. The new models were validated and applied to a turbulent boundary-layer trailing-edge interaction noise prediction method (Rnoise) to analyze the impact of anisotropy on the total predicted noise spectra.
Quality metrics in the management of acute stroke in Greece during the first 5 years of Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) implementation

Introduction: Establishment of a prospective stroke registry may promote the documentation and improvement of acute stroke care. We present the status of stroke management in Greece using the Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) dataset. Methods: Consecutive patients with acute stroke were prospectively registered in RES-Q registry by contributing sites in Greece during the years 2017–2021. Demographic and baseline characteristics, acute management, and clinical outcomes at discharge were recorded. Stroke quality metrics, with a specific interest in the association between acute reperfusion therapies and functional recovery in ischemic stroke patients are presented. Results: A total of 3590 acute stroke patients were treated in 20 Greek sites (61% men, median age 64 years; median baseline NIHSS 4; 74% ischemic stroke). Acute reperfusion therapies were administered in almost 20% of acute ischemic stroke patients, with a door to needle and door to groin puncture times of 40 and 64 min, respectively. After adjustment for contributing sites, the rates of acute reperfusion therapies were higher during the time epoch 2020–2021 compared to 2017–2019 (adjusted OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.04–1.64; p < 0.022; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test). After propensity-score-matching, acute reperfusion therapies administration was independently associated with higher odds of reduced disability (one point reduction across all mRS scores) at hospital discharge (common OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.45–2.58; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Implementation and maintenance of a nationwide stroke registry in Greece may guide the stroke management planning, so that prompt patient transportation, acute reperfusion therapies, and stroke unit hospitalization become more widely accessible, improving the functional outcomes of stroke patients.
Reubicación óptima de transformadores de distribución usando el algoritmo multiobjetivo de optimización NSGA II

En este articulo se presenta una metodologia para la reubicacion optima de transformadores en sistemas de distribucion. El problema es formulado como un modelo de optimizacion multiobjetivo de tipo no lineal entero, en el cual se consideran costos de inversion y operacion, y el beneficio obtenido por concepto de activos reconocidos por cargos por uso segun lo estipulado en la Resolucion CREG 097 de 2008. El modelo es resuelto mediante el algoritmo de optimizacion multiobjetivo NSGA II. Para verificar la validez de la metodologia se emplea un sistema de distribucion real, perteneciente a una electrificadora en Colombia, en el cual se consideran transformadores de distribucion monofasicos y trifasicos. Los resultados obtenidos en comparacion con el caso en que no se considera la reubicacion de transformadores de distribucion, reflejan la importancia de esta metodologia y sus beneficios para los operadores de red, y ademas sirve como herramienta de soporte para el cumplimiento de las normativas establecidas por entes reguladores que definen la cargabilidad adecuada de los transformadores de distribucion.
An Introduction to Copulas

The study of copulas and their role in statistics is a new but vigorously growing field. In this book the student or practitioner of statistics and probability will find discussions of the fundamental properties of copulas and some of their primary applications. The applications include the study of dependence and measures of association, and the construction of families of bivariate distributions. This book is suitable as a text or for self-study.
A superconducting toroidal magnet for the CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer

The CEBAF (Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility) physics program requires a large acceptance spectrometer covering nearly all of the 4 pi solid angle for studying complex electronuclear interactions. This device relies on a six-coil toroidal magnetic field to provide momentum analysis. The desire to maximize solid angle coverage led to a thin superconducting toroid design. The main device has an outside diameter of 4.6 m, an active length of 5 m, a peak field in the toroidal volume of 1.2 T, and a stored energy of 18 MJ. An intrinsically stable design was selected to minimize the overall space requirements of the toroid. The individual coils of the toroid are approximately kidney-shaped; the negative curvature provides a field-free region for targets coming from the requirement to have good particle focusing properties. The overall design is presented. >
The lattice filter in ground-roll suppression

Seismic reflections are sometimes masked by Ray‐leigh‐type surface waves that are termed ground roll in seismic literature. An adaptive lattice filter is used to recover reflected signals contaminated by ground roll. Experiments on synthetic and field data showed that the adaptive lattice filter technique is very effective in ground‐roll elimination. In addition, the filter works as a whitening operator, compresses the signal, and increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Variability of functional and biodiversity responses to perturbations is predictable and informative

Perturbations such as climate change, invasive species and pollution, impact the functioning and diversity of ecosystems. But because there is no unique way to measure functioning and diversity, this leads to a ubiquitous and overwhelming variability in community-level responses, that is often seen as a barrier to prediction in ecology. Here, we show that this variability can instead provide insights into hidden features of a community’s functions and responses to perturbations. By first analysing a dataset of global change experiments in microbial soil systems we show that variability of functional and diversity responses to a given perturbation is not random: aggregate properties that are thought to be mechanistically similar tend to respond similarly. We then formalise this intuitive observation to demonstrate that the variability of community-level responses to perturbations is not only predictable, but that it can also be used to access hidden and useful information about population-level responses to perturbations (i.e., response diversity and scaling by species biomass). Our theory offers a baseline expectation for the variability of community-level responses to perturbations and helps to explain the complexity of ecological responses to global change. Significance Statement Measures of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning show highly variable responses to a given perturbation. This variability is traditionally thought of as reflecting our inability to predict ecological responses to global change. Our work, however, finds that variability of community-level responses is itself predictable and can even be used to gain insights about how species respond to perturbations and collectively contribute to ecosystem functions.
Omics Analysis Unveils the Pathway Involved in the Purple Coloration in Tomato Seedling and Fruits

The purple tomato variety ‘Indigo Rose’(InR) is favored due to its bright appearance and abundant anthocyanins. SlHY5 is associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in ‘Indigo Rose’ plants. However, residual anthocyanins still present in Slhy5 seedlings and fruit peel indicated there was an anthocyanin induction pathway that is independent of HY5 in plants. The molecular mechanism of color formation in ‘Indigo Rose’ and Slhy5 mutants is unclear. In this study, we performed omics analysis to clarify the regulatory network underlying coloration in seedling and fruit peel of ‘Indigo Rose’ and Slhy5 mutant. Results showed that the total amount of anthocyanins in both seedling and fruit of InR were significantly higher than those in Slhy5 mutant and most genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis exhibited higher expression levels in InR, suggesting that SlHY5 play pivotal roles in flavonoid biosynthesis both in tomato seedlings and fruit. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) results revealed that SlBBX24 physically interacts with SlAN2-like and SlAN2, while SlWRKY44 could interact with SlAN11 protein. Unexpectedly, both SlPIF1 and SlPIF3 were found to interact with SlBBX24, SlAN1 and SlJAF13 by yeast two-hybrid assay. Suppression of SlBBX24 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) retarded the purple coloration of the fruit peel, indicating an important role of SlBBX24 in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. These results deepen the understanding of purple color formation in tomato seedling and fruits in an HY5-dependent or independent manner via excavating the genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis based on omics analysis.
Fast And Accurate Population Level Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation via Low-Rank Probabilistic Matrix Decomposition (PMD)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to study brain function and treat mental health disorders. During TMS, a coil placed on the scalp induces an E-field in the brain that modulates its activity. TMS is known to stimulate regions that are exposed to a large E-field. Clinical TMS protocols prescribe a coil placement based on scalp landmarks. There are inter-individual variations in brain anatomy that result in variations in the TMS-induced E-field at the targeted region and its outcome. These variations across individuals could in principle be minimized by developing a large database of head subjects and determining scalp landmarks that maximize E-field at the targeted brain region while minimizing its variation using computational methods. However, this approach requires repeated execution of a computational method to determine the E-field induced in the brain for a large number of subjects and coil placements. We developed a probabilistic matrix decomposition-based approach for rapidly evaluating the E-field induced during TMS for a large number of coil placements. Our approach can determine the E-field induced in over 1 Million coil placements in 9.5 hours, in contrast, to over 5 years using a bruteforce approach. After the initial set-up stage, the E-field can be predicted over the whole brain within 2-3 milliseconds and to 2% accuracy. We tested our approach in over 200 subjects and achieved an error of < 2% in most and < 3.5% in all subjects. We will present several examples of bench-marking analysis for our tool in terms of accuracy and speed across and its applicability for population level optimization of coil placement. Graphical Abstract Highlights A method for practical E-field informed population-level TMS coil placement strategies is developed. This algorithm enables the determination of E-field informed optimal coil placement in seconds enabling it’s use for close-loop and on-the-fly reconfiguration of TMS. After the initial set-up stage of less than 10 hours, the E-field can be predicted for any coil placement across the whole brain within in 2-3 milliseconds.
Disulfide-Bond-Induced Structural Frustration and Dynamic Disorder in a Peroxiredoxin from MAS NMR

Disulfide bond formation is fundamentally important for protein structure, and constitutes a key mechanism by which cells regulate the intracellular oxidation state. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) eliminate reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide by using a catalytic cycle of Cys oxidation and reduction. High molecular-weight assemblies of PRDXs have recently been shown to additionally act as molecular chaperones. The consequences of disulfide bonds on the dynamics of these large assemblies are poorly understood. We show that formation of disulfide bonds along the catalytic cycle induces extensive μs time scale dynamics, as monitored by magic-angle spinning NMR of the 216 kDa-large Tsa1 decameric assembly and solution-NMR of a designed dimeric mutant. We ascribe the conformational dynamics to structural frustration, resulting from conflicts between the disulfide-constrained reduction of mobility and the desire to fulfil other favorable contacts.
Synthesis of c-axis oriented AlN thin films on metal layers: Al, Mo, Ti, TiN and Ni

Thin piezoelectric polycrystalline films such as AlN, ZnO, etc are of great interest for the fabrication of Thin Film Bulk/Surface Acoustic Resonators (TFBAR) or (TFSAR). It is well known that the degree of c-axis orientation of the thin films correlates directly with the electro-mechanical coupling. The texture of the piezoelectric films in turn is influenced by the structure of the substrate material. Thin AlN films, prepared in a magnetron sputtering system, have been deposited onto thin Al, Mo, Ni, Ti and TiN films. Such thin metal layers are used to form the bottom electrode of TFBAR as well as to define a short-circuiting plane in TFSAR devices. In both cases, they serve as a substrate for the growth of the piezoelectric film. It has been found that the texture of the bottom metal layer affects significantly the texture of the AlN films, and hence its electroacoustic properties. For this reason, the surface morphology and texture of the metal layers and their influence on the growth of AlN on them has been systematically studied. Thus, the texture and the electro-acoustic properties of the AlN films have been studied as a function of the texture and morphology of the underlying metal films. Subsequently, the deposition processes have been individually optimised with respect to obtaining high electromechanical coupling for all thin film combinations.
Automatic classification of clouds on Meteosat imagery - Application to high-level clouds

Abstract A statistical classification method based on clustering on three-dimensional histograms is applied to the three channels of the METEOSAT imagery [Visible (VIS)–Infrared Window (IR)–Infrared Water Vapor (WV)]. The results of this classification are studied for different cloud cover cases over tropical regions. For high-level cloud classes, it is shown that the bidimensional histogram IR-WV allows one to deduce the cloud top temperature even for semi-transparent clouds.
Expansion Segment ES30L enriched in birds and mammals can potentially regulate protein synthesis

Ribosomes, the molecular machines that are central to protein synthesis, have gradually been gaining prominence for their regulatory role in translation. Eukaryotic cytosolic ribosomes are typically larger than bacterial ones, partly due to multi-nucleotide insertions at specific conserved positions in the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). Such insertions called expansion segments (ESs) are present primarily on the ribosomal surface, with their role in translation and its regulation remaining under-explored. One such ES in the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) is ES30L, which is present only in mammals and birds among eukaryotes. In this study, we show that ES30L possesses complementarity to many protein-coding transcripts in humans and that the complementarity is enriched around the start codon, hinting at a possible role in translation regulation. Further, our in silico analysis analyses and pull-down assays indicate that ES30L may bind to secondary structures in the 5’ UTR of several transcripts and RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that are essential for translation. Thus, we have identified a potential regulatory role for ES30L in translation.