Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Examination System to Support Teacher ’ s Reflection Measurement of Students ’ Guided Feedback

Feedback on student performance is a critical part of E-learning environments. Assessment is one of the most important activities in education to evaluate the knowledge level of a student and to highlight the mistakes and misconceptions; especially, in Multiple Choices (MC) Exam which discovers the weak points of lesson in addition to prerequisite lessons. This paper proposes an Intelligent Examination Framework (I-EXAM), which includes two different types of adaptivity: a) Student receives immediate feedback during MC exam, b) Teacher monitors and tracks the students’ attempts and measure the effectiveness of his/her given feedback via a Visual Suggestion Refinement Tool (VSRT) using Data Mining Techniques. This type of analytical and diagnostic visual tool enables teachers to drill down from a high-level overview into the details of student activities, which ultimately allows enhancement of the concept map and the given feedbacks to match students’ needs.
Performance evaluation of energy saving MAC protocols in WSN operating systems

Sensing, computing and communication are the main features of a wireless sensor network (WSN) which serves a wide range of applications. Despite its versatility and simplicity, it brought up various challenges such as limited storage, power consumption from radio activities, just to mention a few. The distinguishing traits of sensor networks have a direct impact on their protocol design at each layer, especially at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer since it manages transmission scheduling as well as duty cycling for energy conservation. To maximize energy efficiency of WSNs, a critical analysis of the radio duty cycle of the WSN operating systems were carried out with experimental evaluation. Moreover, we focus on the energy consumption by conducting experimental measurements on different platforms i.e. OpenMote-CC2538 on various operating systems. Results shows that IEEE 802.15. 4e Time Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) has great impact on the energy consumption with respect to other radio duty cycles.
An assessment of the effect of sound produced in a dental clinic on the hearing of dentists.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of sound produced in a dental clinic on the hearing of dentists in a dental school. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two dentists were evaluated for changes in their hearing thresholds at the Speech and Audiology Department, Manipal College of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal, India. Middle Ear Analyser (MEA), Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) and Oto-Acoustic Emission (OAE) were used to evaluate changes in the hearing thresholds. RESULTS There was a change in distortion product (DP) amplitude (temporary shift) in all frequencies. Statistically significant changes were found in the 6 kHz and 4 kHz ranges in the left ear and 6 kHz in the right ear. There was a larger DP shift in the left ear than in the right ear. A comparison of the hearing thresholds of males and females showed a significant difference of 3 kHz in the left ear, where males had a higher hearing loss. CONCLUSION There were shifts of hearing threshold at 6 kHz and 4 kHz. The danger to hearing from dental clinic working environment in a dental school cannot be underestimated.
Evidence for a novel route of wheat storage proteins to vacuoles

Wheat seed storage proteins are deposited in protein bodies (PB) inside vacuoles, but their subcellular site of aggregation and their route to vacuoles are still controversial. In the present work, an ultra structural analysis of developing wheat endosperm at early to mid maturation was performed to address these issues. Golgi complexes were rarely detected, indicating that their role in wheat storage protein transport is limited. In contrast, a considerable amount of PB was detected in the cytoplasm. Many of these PB were surrounded by RER membranes and were enlarged by fusion of smaller PB. Small, electron lucent vesicles were detected around the surfaces of the PB in the cytoplasm, or attached to them, suggesting that such attachments and subsequent fusion of the vesicles with each other lead to the formation of small vacuoles containing PB inclusions. Immunogold labeling with serum raised against yeast-BiP, an ER-localized protein, demonstrated that the wheat BiP homolog was present within the PB in the cytoplasm as well as inside vacuoles. This confirmed that the PB were formed within the RER and that the Golgi complex was not involved in their transport to vacuoles. It is concluded that a considerable part of the wheat storage proteins aggregate into PB within the RER and are then transported as intact PB to the vacuoles by a novel route that does not utilize the Golgi complex.
ToA^3: Beyond the Limit of Unstructured P2P Networks

A major limitation of current unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks lies in the inefficiency of search, which results in fatal scalability problems. In this paper, ToA3, a novel P2P file-sharing system, is proposed to tackle such a limitation. The key idea of ToA3 is to generate an overlay topology with DESIRABLE properties, adapt peers towards BETTER neighbors dynamically, and direct queries to RIGHT next nodes with as few duplicated messages as possible. To achieve this goal, ToA3 introduces several innovative techniques such as: (a) a dynamic topology adaptation algorithm with self-sustaining power-law degree distributions, (b) a simply but efficient utilization of peer-to-peer network heterogeneity, (c) a proper implementation of the underlying-network-awareness, and (d) Smart Search-a biased search algorithm used in ToA3. Extensive simulations substantiate that our techniques significantly improve the search performance and reduce the network load dramatically
Contribution of Health to Economic Development: A Survey and Overview

Abstract The policies for better health, poverty reduction, and less inequality, throughout the world, require thorough understanding of both the processes and causal paths that underlie the intricate relationship between health and wealth (income). This is deemed difficult, contingent, and only partially understood. The adage ‘health is wealth’ is still, primarily, an intuitive proposition. A vast majority of researchers instead present theoretical and empirical arguments of the reverse proposition, i.e. ‘wealth is health’. A recent strand of the literature, however, reflects changes in the perceptions: improvements of health and longevity are no longer viewed as a mere end- or by-product of economic development; but argued as one of the key determinants of, and therefore means to achieve, economic development and poverty reduction. Hence, better health does not have to wait for an improved economy; rather, measures to reduce the burden of disease, to give children healthy childhoods, to increase life expectancy etc. will in themselves contribute to creating richer economies. Drawing on the traditional and emerging perspectives on the health-income relationship, this literature review presents a non-exhaustive survey of existing methodological approaches and their results that are applied to track and measure how health influences economic outcomes.
Closure relations for totally nonnegative cells in G/P

The totally nonnegative part of a partial flag variety G/P is known to have a decomposition into semi-algebraic cells. We show that the closure of a cell is again a union of cells and give a combinatorial description of the closure relations. The totally nonnegative cells are defined by intersecting the totally nonnegative part with a certain stratification of G/P defined by Lusztig. We also verify the same closure relations for these strata.
Web-scale Surface and Syntactic n-gram Features for Dependency Parsing

We develop novel first- and second-order features for dependency parsing based on the Google Syntactic Ngrams corpus, a collection of subtree counts of parsed sentences from scanned books. We also extend previous work on surface $n$-gram features from Web1T to the Google Books corpus and from first-order to second-order, comparing and analysing performance over newswire and web treebanks. Surface and syntactic $n$-grams both produce substantial and complementary gains in parsing accuracy across domains. Our best system combines the two feature sets, achieving up to 0.8% absolute UAS improvements on newswire and 1.4% on web text.
A Spatiotemporal Connectionist Model of Algebraic Rule-learning

Recent experiments by Marcus, Vijaya, Rao, and Vishton suggest that infants are capable of extracting and using abstract algebraic rules such as \the rst item X is the same as the third item Y". Such an algebraic rule represents a relationship between placeholders or variables for which one can substitute arbitrary values. As Marcus et al. point out, while most neural network models excel at capturing statistical patterns and regularities in data, they have diiculty in extracting algebraic rules that generalize to new items. We describe a connectionist network architecture that can readily acquire algebraic rules. The extracted rules are not tied to features of words used during habituation, and generalize to new words. Furthermore, the network acquires rules from a small number of examples, without using negative evidence, and without any pretraining. A signiicant aspect of the proposed model is that it identiies a suucient set of architectural and representational conditions that transform the problem of learning algebraic rules to the much simpler problem of learning to detect coincidences within a spatiotemporal pattern. Two key representational conditions are (i) the existence of nodes that encode serial position within a sequence and (ii) the use of temporal synchrony for expressing bindings between a positional role node and the item that occupies this position in a given sequence. This work suggests that even abstract algebraic rules can be grounded in concrete and basic notions such as spatial and temporal location, and coincidence.
Extrapolating Movement without Retinal Motion

Comoran coelacanths are sluggish, nocturnal drift hunters that feed on other fish and have a low metabolic rate 6. During the day, they retreat to the still water of deep lava caves 1. The Indonesian sites would therefore seem to be unsuitable for sustaining a viable population of L. chalumnae. So far, four Indonesian coelacanths have been found in a relatively small area along the north Sulawesi coast. We suggest that the population is very small and requires strict conservation measures. But we cannot exclude the possibility that the coelacanths of north Sulawesi are derived from a different area and drifted there with oceanic currents. The dominant current driving Indonesian throughflow water in the area of north Sulawesi is the southerly Mindanao current 7 , indicating that the potential source population may be in the southern Philip-pines or remote Pacific islands. Furthermore, geological evidence and our genetic studies of the Comoran population indicate a young age for this population of less than 100,000 years. The reported older genetic separation of the Indonesian coelacanth of more than 1 million years would suggest that Comoran L. chalumnae probably derived from a third, as yet unknown, population. The biogeography of the new coelacanth population remains enigmatic, although perhaps this is for the best. An undiscovered home is probably the best possible protection for these endangered fish. Conservation Biogeography of the Indonesian coelacanths Living coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) are normally found only in the western Indi-an Ocean, where they inhabit submarine caves in the Comores Islands 1. Two specimens have since been caught off the island of Manado Tua, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, some 10,000 kilometres away 2. We sought to determine the ecological and geographic distribution of Indonesian coelacanth populations with a view to drawing up conservation measures for this extremely rare fish 2,3. During our explorations, we discovered two living Indonesian coelacanths 360 km southwest of Manado Tua. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from a single Indonesian specimen, described as a distinct species, L. menadoensis 4 , revealed significant differences with the published mitochondrial genome of L. chalumnae. These differences indicate that the Indonesian and Comoran coelacanths diverged 1.8–11.0 million years ago 5. In an attempt to find more fish, we performed a total of 34 dives in the research submersible JAGO down to a depth of 400 metres at points along the northern coast of Sulawesi, the Sangihe islands and the Bay of Tomini …
Calcific Tendonitis of the Rotator Cuff: An Unusual Case

Few case reports have described the surgical treatment of calcifying tendonitis of the subscapularis tendon. We present a case of symptomatic diffuse calcifying tendonitis involving the subscapularis and infraspinatus insertions that was difficult to detect arthroscopically. The patient was treated with arthroscopic incision of the tendinous insertions thorough removal of the calcific deposits and subsequent repair using a suture-anchor technique. Two years after the surgical procedure, the patient was completely pain-free and attained full range of motion. Radiographic evaluation performed 2 years after the procedure revealed no calcific deposits. We conclude that the combination of incision of the subscapularis and infraspinatus insertions, complete removal of the calcific deposits, and subsequent suture-anchor repair in an all-arthroscopic manner can lead to an excellent clinical outcome without compromising the functional integrity of the rotator cuff tendons.
Ethics, Technology Assess- ment and Industry

Technological development is not morally neutral. A number of ethical issues may emerge during the design and development of (new) technologies. The implications for the responsibility of engineers and corporations are discussed and possibilities for Technology Assessment (TA) that may help to fulfil these responsibilities are explored. In particular the possibilities and limitations of two activities that may be undertaken by corporations are discussed: formulating and enforcing codes of conduct and involving relevant stakeholders in technological development and design.
User studies in the Music Information Retrieval Literature

This paper presents an overview of user studies in the Music Information Retrieval (MIR) literature. A focus on the user has repeatedly been identified as a key requirement for future MIR research; yet empirical user studies have been relatively sparse in the literature, the overwhelming research attention in MIR remaining systems-focused. We present research topics, methodologies, and design implications covered in the user studies conducted thus far.
Status Quo Effect in Choice Experiments: Empirical Evidence on Attitudes and Choice Task Complexity

Many studies on individual decision making have shown that a disproportionate number of respondents choose the status quo (SQ) alternative. But it is still unclear what motivates individuals to disproportionately select the SQ alternative. Using data from two choice experiments about forest biodiversity, we find evidence that a protest attitude, an attitude toward the good, and perceived choice task complexity influence the choice of the SQ. However, only the attitude toward the good in question and the protest attitude show significant effects across all econometric specifications. (JEL Q51, Q57)
INTRODUCTION OF A SYMMETRIC TIGHT WAVELET FRAME TO IMAGE PROCESSING

A tight wavelet frame is a natural generation of an orthonormal wavelet if redundancy is introduced into the wavelet system. By allowing redundancy, we gain the necessary flexibility to achieve such properties as symmetry and, more importantly, the short support and high vanishing moments of compactly supported wavelets. In addition, redundancy allows for the approximate shift invariance behavior caused by the dense time-scale plane. We show some applications of symmetric tight wavelet frames (STWFs) for image processing, particularly image fusion, image denoising and image inpainting, and we demonstrate the possibility of using an STWF-based approach for such applications.
Genes Left Behind: Climate Change Threatens Cryptic Genetic Diversity in the Canopy-Forming Seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcata

The global redistribution of biodiversity will intensify in the coming decades of climate change, making projections of species range shifts and of associated genetic losses important components of conservation planning. Highly-structured marine species, notably brown seaweeds, often harbor unique genetic variation at warmer low-latitude rear edges and thus are of particular concern. Here, a combination of Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and molecular data is used to forecast the potential near-future impacts of climate change for a warm-temperate, canopy forming seaweed, Bifurcaria bifurcata. ENMs for B. bifurcata were developed using marine and terrestrial climatic variables, and its range projected for 2040-50 and 2090-2100 under two greenhouse emission scenarios. Geographical patterns of genetic diversity were assessed by screening 18 populations spawning the entire distribution for two organelle genes and 6 microsatellite markers. The southern limit of B. bifurcata was predicted to shift northwards to central Morocco by the mid-century. By 2090-2100, depending on the emission scenario, it could either retreat further north to western Iberia or be relocated back to Western Sahara. At the opposing margin, B. bifurcata was predicted to expand its range to Scotland or even Norway. Microsatellite diversity and endemism were highest in Morocco, where a unique and very restricted lineage was also identified. Our results imply that B. bifurcata will maintain a relatively broad latitudinal distribution. Although its persistence is not threatened, the predicted extirpation of a unique southern lineage or even the entire Moroccan diversity hotspot will erase a rich evolutionary legacy and shrink global diversity to current (low) European levels. NW Africa and similarly understudied southern regions should receive added attention if expected range changes and diversity loss of warm-temperate species is not to occur unnoticed.
Stratification in the preferential attachment network

We study structural properties of trees grown by preferential attachment. In this mechanism, nodes are added sequentially and attached to existing nodes at a rate that is strictly proportional to the degree. We classify nodes by their depth n, defined as the distance from the root of the tree, and find that the network is strongly stratified. Most notably, the distribution f(n)k of nodes with degree k at depth n has a power-law tail, f(n)k ∼ k−γ(n). The exponent grows linearly with depth, , where the brackets denote an average over all nodes. Therefore, nodes that are closer to the root are better connected, and moreover, the degree distribution strongly varies with depth. Similarly, the in-component size distribution has a power-law tail and the characteristic exponent grows linearly with depth. Qualitatively, these behaviors extend to a class of networks that grow by redirection.
Cardiac function associated with previous, current and repeated depression and anxiety symptoms in a healthy population: the HUNT study

Objective Symptoms of anxiety and depression often co-exist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet little is known about the association with left ventricular (LV) subclinical dysfunction. We aimed to study the cross-sectional associations of previous, current and repeated depression or anxiety symptoms, with sensitive indices of LV systolic and diastolic function, based on tissue Doppler (TD) and speckle tracking (ST) imaging methods. Methods A random selection of 1296 individuals free from known CVD, hypertension and diabetes were examined with echocardiography at baseline of the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, (HUNT3, 2006–2008). The primary outcomes were LV diastolic function (e′) and LV systolic function (longitudinal global strain). The primary exposures were self-report on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Associations between outcomes and baseline exposures were available for 1034 (80%), and with previous and repeated exposures for 700 participants who also participated in HUNT2 (1995–1997). Results Previous and repeated depression symptoms, but not current depression, were linearly associated with a reduction in e′. The average sum of two repeated HADS-D scores 10 years apart had the strongest effect on e′ (−8.3%; 95% CI −13.9% to −2.7%) per 5 units. We observed a sex difference between depression symptoms and longitudinal global strain (p for interaction 0.019), where women had a marginal negative effect. Anxiety symptoms, neither previous, current nor repeated were associated with subclinical LV dysfunction. Conclusions In a healthy sample, confirmed free of CVD, past and repeated depression symptoms were associated with subclinical LV dysfunction. Thus, depression symptoms might represent a modifiable risk factor for future CVD.
Analytic Methods for Optimizing Realtime Crowdsourcing

Realtime crowdsourcing research has demonstrated that it is possible to recruit paid crowds within seconds by managing a small, fast-reacting worker pool. Realtime crowds enable crowd-powered systems that respond at interactive speeds: for example, cameras, robots and instant opinion polls. So far, these techniques have mainly been proof-of-concept prototypes: research has not yet attempted to understand how they might work at large scale or optimize their cost/performance trade-offs. In this paper, we use queueing theory to analyze the retainer model for realtime crowdsourcing, in particular its expected wait time and cost to requesters. We provide an algorithm that allows requesters to minimize their cost subject to performance requirements. We then propose and analyze three techniques to improve performance: push notifications, shared retainer pools, and precruitment, which involves recalling retainer workers before a task actually arrives. An experimental validation finds that precruited workers begin a task 500 milliseconds after it is posted, delivering results below the one-second cognitive threshold for an end-user to stay in flow.
KSAnswer: Question-answering System of Kangwon National University and Sogang University in the 2016 BioASQ Challenge

This paper describes a question– answering system that returns relevant documents and snippets (with particular emphasis on snippets) from a large medical document collection. The system is implemented as part of our participation to Phase A of Task 4b in the 2016 BioASQ Challenge. The proposed system retrieves candidate answer sentences using a cluster–based language model. Then, it re–ranks the retrieved top-n sentences using ﬁve independent similarity models based on shallow semantic analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed system is the ﬁrst to ﬁnd snippets in batches 2 (MAP 0.0604), 3 (MAP 0.0728), 4 (MAP 0.1182), and 5 (MAP 0.1187).