Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A calcium channel antagonist stereoselectively decreases ethanol withdrawal hyperexcitability but not that due to bicuculline, in hippocampal slices

1 Extracellular recordings were made from CA1 area of isolated hippocampal slices of the mouse after chronic ethanol administration in vivo, with orthodromic stimulation of the Schaffer collateral/commissural fibres. 2 The (+)‐isomer of the calcium channel antagonist PN 200–110 (isradipine) significantly decreased all the recorded signs of hyperexcitability in the slices during ethanol withdrawal. These included increased paired pulse potentiation and decreases in the thresholds for elicitation of single and multiple population spikes. 3 The (–)‐isomer of PN 200–100 did not affect ethanol withdrawal hyperexcitability in the slices. 4 Neither isomer of PN 200–110 affected the field potentials in slices from control animals. 5 The γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, bicuculline, lowered thresholds for eliciting population spikes in hippocampal slices from untreated animals. The active, (+)‐isomer of PN 200–110 did not affect this action of bicuculline in hippocampal slices from untreated animals. 6 The stereoisomerism of the action of PN 200–110 on ethanol withdrawal hyperexcitability in the hippocampal slice was therefore the same as that seen in blockade of calcium channels. The results suggested that ethanol withdrawal hyperexcitability recorded in the isolated hippocampal slice involved increased activity of voltage‐sensitive calcium channels.
Monorail/Foxa2 regulates floorplate differentiation and specification of oligodendrocytes, serotonergic raphé neurones and cranial motoneurones

In this study, we elucidate the roles of the winged-helix transcription factor Foxa2 in ventral CNS development in zebrafish. Through cloning of monorail (mol), which we find encodes the transcription factor Foxa2, and phenotypic analysis of mol-/- embryos, we show that floorplate is induced in the absence of Foxa2 function but fails to further differentiate. In mol-/- mutants, expression of Foxa and Hh family genes is not maintained in floorplate cells and lateral expansion of the floorplate fails to occur. Our results suggest that this is due to defects both in the regulation of Hh activity in medial floorplate cells as well as cell-autonomous requirements for Foxa2 in the prospective laterally positioned floorplate cells themselves. Foxa2 is also required for induction and/or patterning of several distinct cell types in the ventral CNS. Serotonergic neurones of the raphé nucleus and the trochlear motor nucleus are absent in mol-/- embryos, and oculomotor and facial motoneurones ectopically occupy ventral CNS midline positions in the midbrain and hindbrain. There is also a severe reduction of prospective oligodendrocytes in the midbrain and hindbrain. Finally, in the absence of Foxa2, at least two likely Hh pathway target genes are ectopically expressed in more dorsal regions of the midbrain and hindbrain ventricular neuroepithelium, raising the possibility that Foxa2 activity may normally be required to limit the range of action of secreted Hh proteins.
Patient Satisfaction and Its Relationship With Quality and Outcomes of Care After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background— Patient satisfaction is a widely used measurement for the evaluation of medical care. We examined the extent to which quality of care received after acute myocardial infarction predicted subsequent patient satisfaction with care and whether patient satisfaction itself was associated with long-term survival after acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— In a longitudinal cohort of acute myocardial infarction, we examined the associations of patient-reported satisfaction with care with clinical characteristics, physical and psychological function measures, quality indicators of myocardial infarction care, and outcomes. Among 1933 eligible patients (mean age 62.9±12.8 years, 70.5% men), 1866 survey respondents were analyzed. Of the study cohort, 1711 (91.7%) reported that they were satisfied with their overall care. Patients who reported satisfaction with care were older (mean age 63.1±12.7 versus 60.1±13.3 years, P=0.005), had improved physical function, and were less likely to be depressed. Better physical function, measured by the Specific Activity Scale, predicted higher satisfaction, with an OR of 1.75 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.68, P=0.008) for intermediate versus poor function and 2.96 (1.39 to 7.34, P=0.009) for high versus poor function, after adjustment for age, sex, income tertile, and ethnicity. Depression was the major predictor of dissatisfaction with overall care, with an OR of 0.44 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.67, P<0.001). Quality indicators for myocardial infarction care and clinical outcomes were not associated with patient satisfaction. Conclusions— Satisfaction with care was more likely in patients who were older, in those without depression, and in those with better functional capacity, but it was not associated with the quality of myocardial infarction care or survival.
Emergence of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome in Native Fish of the Murray-Darling River System, Australia: Hosts, Distribution and Possible Vectors

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is a fish disease of international significance and reportable to the Office International des Epizootics. In June 2010, bony herring Nematalosa erebi, golden perch Macquaria ambigua, Murray cod Maccullochella peelii and spangled perch Leiopotherapon unicolor with severe ulcers were sampled from the Murray-Darling River System (MDRS) between Bourke and Brewarrina, New South Wales Australia. Histopathology and polymerase chain reaction identified the fungus-like oomycete Aphanomyces invadans, the causative agent of EUS. Apart from one previous record in N. erebi, EUS has been recorded in the wild only from coastal drainages in Australia. This study is the first published account of A. invadans in the wild fish populations of the MDRS, and is the first confirmed record of EUS in M. ambigua, M. peelii and L. unicolor. Ulcerated carp Cyprinus carpio collected at the time of the same epizootic were not found to be infected by EUS, supporting previous accounts of resistance against the disease by this species. The lack of previous clinical evidence, the large number of new hosts (n = 3), the geographic extent (200 km) of this epizootic, the severity of ulceration and apparent high pathogenicity suggest a relatively recent invasion by A. invadans. The epizootic and associated environmental factors are documented and discussed within the context of possible vectors for its entry into the MDRS and recommendations regarding continued surveillance, research and biosecurity are made.
Flexible flow for 3D nonrigid tracking and shape recovery

We introduce linear methods for model-based tracking of nonrigid 3D objects and for acquiring such models from video. 3D motions and flexions are calculated directly from image intensities without information-lossy intermediate results. Measurement uncertainty is quantified and fully propagated through the inverse model to yield posterior mean (PM) and/or mode (MAP) pose estimates. A Bayesian framework manages uncertainty, accommodates priors, and gives confidence measures. We obtain highly accurate and robust closed-form estimators by minimizing information loss from non-reversible (inner-product and least-squares) operations, and, when unavoidable, performing such operations with the appropriate error norm. For model acquisition, we show how to refine a crude or generic model to fit the video subject. We demonstrate with tracking, model refinement, and super-resolution texture lifting from low-quality low-resolution video.
Risks of silicosis in coalworkers exposed to unusual concentrations of respirable quartz.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the radiographic changes in coalworkers exposed to unusual concentrations of respirable quartz during the 1970s, and to relate these to exposure measurements. METHODS: Men who had worked at one Scottish colliery during the 1970s were invited to a health survey. Chest radiographs were taken from 547 subjects. Classifications of these films under the International Labour Organisation (ILO) 1980 scheme were related, by logistic regression, to existing data on individual men's exposures to respirable dust and quartz. RESULTS: Taking the median of the three readers' results on profusion of small opacities, 203 men (38%) showed progression of at least one profusion category on the 12 point scale, from the various 1970s surveys to the follow up in 1990-1. A total of 158 men (29%) had a profusion of at least 1/0, and 47 (8.6%) of at least 2/1 at the follow up survey. Large opacities were recorded as present by at least two readers for 14 (2.6%) of the men. Profusion of small opacities was strongly related to exposures experienced in the 1970s, and more strongly for quartz than for the non-quartz fraction of the dust. Estimates of risk are presented over the range of quartz exposures experienced. CONCLUSIONS: The quartz exposures experienced by some men at this colliery have caused considerable progression of radiographic abnormalities since exposure ended. The data accumulated offer opportunities for further more detailed analyses to inform debate on occupational limits for quartz exposures, both in collieries and in other industries where there is exposure to quartz in mixed dust.
Convex max-product algorithms for continuous MRFs with applications to protein folding

This paper investigates convex belief propagation algorithms for Markov random fields (MRFs) with continuous variables. Our first contribution is a theorem generalizing properties of the discrete case to the continuous case. Our second contribution is an algorithm for computing the value of the Lagrangian relaxation of the MRF in the continuous case based on associating the continuous variables with an ever-finer interval grid. A third contribution is a particle method which uses convex max-product in re-sampling particles. This last algorithm is shown to be particularly effective for protein folding where it outperforms particle methods based on standard max-product resampling.
Chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic, persistent, and recurrent cervical cancer

Purpose of review Patients with cervical cancer represent a vulnerable population with limited chemotherapeutic options. This year, two large trials focusing on detection/screening and treatment of advanced stage cervical cancer were featured in the opening plenary session of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. As such, a review of the evolution of chemotherapy in the treatment of this disease is warranted. Recent findings Following the establishment of cisplatin as an effective single-agent regimen in patients with advanced stage, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer, several platinum-containing combinations were studied. Ultimately, the adoption of cisplatin chemosensitizing radiation resulted in relative ‘cisplatin resistance’ and the concept of nonplatinum doublets emerged as an active area of investigation. Summary In an era of biologics, combined therapy with cytotoxic drugs and molecular targeted agents, as well as the use of nonplatinum doublets, represent an exciting area yet to be fully explored.
Role of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Objective Myocardial fibrosis identified by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events, but its value as an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death (SCD) is unknown. We investigated the role of LGE-CMR in the risk stratification of HCM. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in a tertiary referral centre. Consecutive patients with HCM (n=711, median age 56.3 years, IQR 46.7–66.6; 70.0% male) underwent LGE-CMR and were followed for a median 3.5 years. The primary end point was SCD or aborted SCD. Results Overall, 471 patients (66.2%) had myocardial fibrosis (median 5.9% of left ventricular mass, IQR: 2.2–13.3). Twenty-two (3.1%) reached the primary end point. The extent but not the presence of fibrosis was a significant univariable predictor of the primary end point (HR per 5% LGE: 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45; p=0.007 and HR for LGE: 2.69, 95% CI 0.91 to 7.97; p=0.073, respectively). However, on multivariable analysis, only LV-EF remained statistically significant (HR: 0.92, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.95; p<0.001). For the secondary outcome of cardiovascular mortality/aborted SCD, the presence and the amount of fibrosis were significant predictors on univariable but not multivariable analysis after adjusting for LV-EF and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Conclusions The amount of myocardial fibrosis was a strong univariable predictor of SCD risk. However, this effect was not maintained after adjusting for LV-EF. Further work is required to elucidate the interrelationship between fibrosis and traditional predictors of outcome in HCM.
Recent trends in use of nonbiologic DMARDs and evaluation of their continuation rates in single and dual combination therapies in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Japan

ObjectiveWe aim to examine changes in usage of nonbiologic, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and evaluate their continuation rates in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed DMARD treatment data for 3,734 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from 1998 to 2009 at Juntendo Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The DMARD usage rate per month was determined to evaluate RA treatment history in the last decade. We also evaluated continuation rates of nonbiologic DMARDs in single and combination therapies and number of nonbiologic DMARD combination therapies used in each patient.ResultsWe found that nonbiologic DMARD usage has dramatically changed in the last decade, with the most commonly used DMARD shifting from bucillamine to methotrexate (MTX). MTX showed the highest continuation rate; however, much lower continuation rate was observed when used alone rather than in combination treatments. Further, MTX was also used in the highest number of different combination therapies for a particular patient.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that single MTX treatment may be unable to keep patients in clinical remission or lower disease activity compared with several combination therapies. Recent change in permitted maximum dosage of MTX from 8 to 16 mg/week may improve its efficacy and continuation rate in treating Japanese RA patients.
Extracellular matrix organization in developing muscle: correlation with acetylcholine receptor aggregates

Monoclonal antibodies recognizing laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, fibronectin, and two apparently novel connective tissue components have been used to examine the organization of extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle in vivo and in vitro. Four of the five monoclonal antibodies are described for the first time here. Immunocytochemical experiments with frozen-sectioned muscle demonstrated that both the heparan sulfate proteoglycan and laminin exhibited staining patterns identical to that expected for components of the basal lamina. In contrast, the remaining matrix constituents were detected in all regions of muscle connective tissue: the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. Embryonic muscle cells developing in culture elaborated an extracellular matrix, each antigen exhibiting a unique distribution. Of particular interest was the organization of extracellular matrix on myotubes: the build-up of matrix components was most apparent in plaques overlying clusters of an integral membrane protein, the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The heparan sulfate proteoglycan was concentrated at virtually all AChR clusters and showed a remarkable level of congruence with receptor organization; laminin was detected at 70-95% of AChR clusters but often was not completely co-distributed with AChR within the cluster; fibronectin and the two other extracellular matrix antigens occurred at approximately 20, 8, and 2% of the AChR clusters, respectively, and showed little or no congruence with AChR. From observations on the distribution of extracellular matrix components in tissue cultured fibroblasts and myogenic cells, several ideas about the organization of extracellular matrix are suggested. (a) Congruence between AChR clusters and heparan sulfate proteoglycan suggests the existence of some linkage between the two molecules, possibly important for regulation of AChR distribution within the muscle membrane. (b) The qualitatively different patterns of extracellular matrix organization over myotubes and fibroblasts suggest that each of these cell types uses somewhat different means to regulate the assembly of extracellular matrix components within its domain. (c) The limited co-distribution of different components within the extracellular matrix in vitro and the selective immune precipitation of each antigen from conditioned medium suggest that each extracellular matrix component is secreted in a form that is not complexed with other matrix constituents.
Aggregating Empirical Evidence about the Benefits and Drawbacks of Software Reference Architectures

Context: Several empirical studies investigated the benefits and drawbacks of acquiring a Software Reference Architecture (SRA) to construct a family of software systems with similar architectural needs. However, these empirical results have not been synthesized by any study yet. Such synthesized evidence is essential to make informed decisions whether or not to adopt an SRA in an organization. Goal: To aggregate existing empirically- grounded evidence about the benefits and drawbacks of SRAs, aiming at supporting organizations' decision making on their adoption. Method: To identify primary studies in the technical literature through a systematic literature review, and then, use the Structured Synthesis Method (SSM) to aggregate qualitative and quantitative evidence through the use of diagrammatic models. Results: From the five identified primary studies, five SRA benefits have considerably increased their belief value after aggregation: interoperability of software systems, reduced development costs, improved communication among stakeholders, reduced risk, and reduced time- to-market. Also, one drawback of SRAs has increased its belief value: the required learning curve for developers. Conclusions: The aggregated results consolidate knowledge and confidence on some of the studied SRA effects. The commonly reported effects showed a clear increment of their belief and pointed out to broader generalization. The effects that did not show any belief increment are important to detect areas requiring further evidence to reach a higher degree of consolidation. Practitioners might benefit from these results to support the decision of adopting an SRA in practice.
Gait Disorders : Evaluation and Management

Section I: Gait Disorders and Mobility in Older Adults: Fundamental Concepts. Gait, Mobility, and Function: A Review and Proposed Classification Scheme. Functional Assessment of Gait: No Tech and Low Tech. Laboratory-based Evaluation of Gait Disorders: High Tech. Biomechanics of Gait and Mobility in Older Adults. Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Elements of Postural Equilibrium. Neuropsychological Influences on Gait in Older Adults. Gait Assessments and Interventions: A Glimpse into the Future. Section II: Gait Disorders and Falls: Assessments and Interventions. Common Gait Disorders: A Clinical Overview. Fall Risk Assessment. Best Clinical Practice Models to Reduce Falls. Reducing Fear of Falling. Therapeutic Exercise to Improve Balance and Gait and Reduce Falls. Section III: Gait Disorders in Specific Disease Groups: Assessment and Intervention. Clinical Gait Analysis in Neurology. Treatment of Parkinsonian Gait Disturbances. Treatment of Axial Mobility Deficits in Movement Disorders. Systems Approach to Gait Rehabilitation Following Stroke. Optimizing Gait in Peripheral Neuropathy. Post-Hip Fracture and Hip Replacements in Older Adults. Optimizing Gait in People with Foot and Ankle Disorders.
Evolving the Correction of the Literature: Manuscript Versioning, Error Amendment, and Retract and Replace

8 Academic publishing is undergoing a highly transformative process, and many rules and value systems that 9 were in place for years are being challenged in unprecedented forms leading to the evolution of novel ways 10 of dealing with new pressures. One of the most important aspects of an integrated and valid academic 11 literature is the ability to screen publications for errors during peer review to weed out mistakes, fraud and 12 inconsistencies, such that the final published product represents a product that has value, intellectually, and 13 otherwise. It is difficult to claim the existence of perfect manuscripts. The level of errors that exist in a 14 manuscript will depend on the rigor of the research group, as well as the peer review that screened that paper. 15 When errors slip through into a final published paper, either through honest error or misconduct, and are not 16 detected during peer review and editorial screening, but are spotted during post-publication peer review, an 17 opportunity is created to set the record straight, and correct it. To date, the most common forms of correcting 18 the literature have been errata, corrigenda, expressions of concern, and retractions. Despite this range of 19 corrective measures, which represent artificially created corrals around pockets of imperfect literature, 20 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 8 August 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0029. v1 © 2017 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. 2 certain cases do not quite fit this mold, and new suggested measures for correcting the literature have been 21 proposed, including manuscript versioning, amendments, partial retractions and retract and replace. A 22 discussion of the evolving correction of the literature is provided, as are perspectives of the risks and benefits 23 of such new measures to improve the literature. 24 25
Orientation Mining-Driven Approach to Analyze Web Public Sentiment

In recent years, Internet provides a unique opportunity to express and spread public sentiment, which makes the web contents becoming the largest information source of public sentiment. Since web public sentiment reflects people’s attitude to society and politics, the public opinion’s orientation is significant to decision-makers. In this paper, we utilize VSM (vector space model) to present the text orientation of web information and offer data-mining approaches to analyze public opinion’s orientation, which can assist decision-makers to steer social information and guide the web public sentiment. To achieve the goal of text orientation analysis, two ways are proposed. Firstly, a novel text orientation analysis method is described to analyze the orientation of original web postings and their replies. Secondly, an improved single-pass clustering algorithm is introduced to cluster the subject of web discussion and discover the hot topics.We also construct a prototype system, named WPSAS (web public sentiment analysis system), as experimental platform to validate the presented methodology. The experimental results show that our methods are effective and efficient.
A Redundancy-Based Method for Relation Instantiation from the Web

The Semantic Web requires automatic ontology population methods. We developed an approach, that given existing ontologies, extracts instances of ontology relations, a specific subtask of ontology population. We use generic, domain independent techniques to extract candidate relation instances from the Web and exploit the redundancy of information on the Web to compensate for loss of precision caused by the use of these generic methods. The candidate relation instances are then ranked based on co-occurrence with a seed set. In an experiment, we extracted instances of the relation between artists and art styles. The results were manually evaluated against selected art resources.