Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coherency in One-Shot Gesture Recognition

User's intentions may be expressed through spontaneous gesturing, which have been seen only a few times or never before. Recognizing such gestures involves one shot gesture learning. While most research has focused on the recognition of the gestures itself, recently new approaches were proposed to deal with gesture perception and production as part of the same problem. The framework presented in this work focuses on learning the process that leads to gesture generation, rather than mining the gesture's associated features. This is achieved using kinematic, cognitive and biomechanic characteristics of human interaction. These factors enable the artificial production of realistic gesture samples originated from a single observation. The generated samples are then used as training sets for different state-of-the-art classifiers. Performance is obtained first, by observing the machines' gesture recognition percentages. Then, performance is computed by the human recognition from gestures performed by robots. Based on these two scenarios, a composite new metric of coherency is proposed relating to the amount of agreement between these two conditions. Experimental results provide an average recognition performance of 89.2% for the trained classifiers and 92.5% for the participants. Coherency in recognition was determined at 93.6%. While this new metric is not directly comparable to raw accuracy or other pure performance-based standard metrics, it provides a quantifier for validating how realistic the machine generated samples are and how accurate the resulting mimicry is.
CAS/Crk Coupling Serves as a “Molecular Switch” for Induction of Cell Migration

Abstract. Carcinoma cells selected for their ability to migrate in vitro showed enhanced invasive properties in vivo. Associated with this induction of migration was the anchorage-dependent phosphorylation of p130CAS (Crk-associated substrate), leading to its coupling to the adaptor protein c-CrkII (Crk). In fact, expression of CAS or its adaptor protein partner Crk was sufficient to promote cell migration, and this depended on CAS tyrosine phosphorylation facilitating an SH2-mediated complex with Crk. Cytokine-stimulated cell migration was blocked by CAS lacking the Crk binding site or Crk containing a mutant SH2 domain. This migration response was characterized by CAS/Crk localization to membrane ruffles and blocked by the dominant-negative GTPase, Rac, but not Ras. Thus, CAS/Crk assembly serves as a “molecular switch” for the induction of cell migration and appears to contribute to the invasive property of tumors.
Factors Affecting Fish Entrainment into Massive Water Diversions in a Tidal Freshwater Estuary: Can Fish Losses be Managed?

Abstract We examined factors affecting fish entrainment at California's State Water Project and Central Valley Project, two of the largest water diversions in the world. Combined, these diversions from the upper San Francisco Estuary support a large component of the municipal and agricultural infrastructure for California. However, precipitous declines in the abundance of several estuarine fish species, notably the threatened delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, have generated major concern about entrainment as a possible cause of the declines. We examined a 13-year data set of export pumping operations and environmental characteristics to determine factors affecting entrainment (as indexed by salvage at fish screens) and the potential for manipulation of these factors to improve conditions for fish. Entrainment of three migratory pelagic species—delta smelt, longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys, and striped bass Morone saxatilis—was primarily determined by the seasonal occurrence of particular life sta.
Queuing-Theoretical Multi-user Spectrum Sensing and Access in Multi-channel Cognitive Radio Networks

The rapid growth of wireless communications has made the spectrum resource becoming more and more scarcity. The concept of cognitive radio was proposed to address the issue of spectrum efficiency and had been receiving an increasing attention in recent years. In the cognitive networks, the secondary users (SUs) are allowed to sense, detect and access the frequency bands that are not currently being in use by primary users (PUs). SUs must equip with the spectrum sensing and access technology to utilize the spectrum resource and guarantee PUs' communication quality of service. Most former works study spectrum sensing or spectrum access respectively. And, when there are multiple SUs and multiple channels, the spectrum detection and spectrum sharing must be considered. In this paper, we propose a framework of multi-user spectrum sensing and multichannel spectrum access mechanism for the SUs confronting with unknown primary behavior. We also study the interference to PUs caused by the dynamic access and the inaccurate spectrum sensing. We analysis the interference caused by SUs through utilizing renewal process theory and derive the corresponding closed-form expressions. Under the constraints of the interference to PUs and the secondary network's stability, the queuing theory is utilized to obtain the maximum ave.rage data rate of SUs under the inaccurate spectrum sensing. Through lots of simulations, we verify the effectiveness of our analysis.
The Effects of an Acute High NaCl Diet on the Measurement of Limb Venous Compliance

Calf venous compliance improves with aerobic training and declines with age. Individuals with hypertension often have decreased arterial and venous compliance. Acute high consumption of NaCl may increase net transcapillary fluid filtration in the limbs, but it is unknown if this acutely high NaCl intake will alter non-invasive assessment of calf venous compliance. In humans, assessment of limb venous compliance is generally performed using venous occlusion plethysmography; however, there is no standard recommendation for pre-assessment food consumption and it remains unknown if acute high NaCl intake will affect limb venous compliance measures in humans. PURPOSE: To determine if acute high NaCl consumption will alter measures of calf venous compliance using venous occlusion plethysmography. METHODS: Ten healthy college aged males (22.5 ± .99163 yrs, 33.66 ± 3.07386 ml*kg-1 *min-1) participated in this study, and underwent assessment of calf venous compliance following random assignment of either 12 hours of fasting or consumption of 3055 ± 68.77 mg of ii NaCl in the 12 hours prior to testing. Utilizing venous occlusion plethysmography, limb venous compliance was determined in both trials using the first derivative of the pressure-volume relationship during cuff pressure reduction. Compliance was compared as the slope of the compliance-pressure relationship. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in calf venous volumes between the fasted and acute NaCl intake conditions. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that calf venous compliance assessment using venous occlusion plethysmography is not affected by acute high NaCl consumption.
Research of High-quality innovative and pioneering undergraduate training model of Software Engineering

With the development of the innovative and pioneering education in China, it is necessary to update the concept and content of university education, foster people-oriented, diversity of quality education, establish innovative educational concept. We apply Inquiry-based learning for innovative theory and Co-operative education for engineering ability to the teaching and practice of software engineering, establish the High-quality innovative and pioneering undergraduate training model, give a new Integrate Developing Model based on Capability Maturity Model (IPDCMM) supporting by Team Software Process (TSP) and Personal Software Process (PSP) methodology in software engineering Co-operative Studies, develop the Co-operative Studies Supporting System (CSSS) for Software Engineering including the functions of Planning, Data Collection, Data Analysis and Tracing. Under the Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) method and workflow technology, a case study is given. In the end, the High-quality innovative and pioneering undergraduate training is pointed out.
The Impact of Utility Balance and Endogeneity in Conjoint Analysis

Adaptive metric utility balance is at the heart of one of the most widely used and studied methods for conjoint analysis. We use formal models, simulations, and empirical data to suggest that adaptive metric utility balance leads to partworth estimates that are relatively biased-smaller partworths are upwardly biased relative to larger partworths. Such relative biases could lead to erroneous managerial decisions. Metric utility-balanced questions are also more likely to be inefficient and, in one empirical example, contrary to popular wisdom, lead to response errors that are at least as large as nonadaptive orthogonal questions. We demonstrate that this bias is because of endogeneity caused by a "winner's curse. " Shrinkage estimates do not mitigate these biases. Combined with adaptive metric utility balance, shrinkage estimates of heterogeneous partworths are biased downward relative to homogeneous partworths. Although biases can affect managerial decisions, our data suggest that, empirically, biases and inefficiencies are of the order of response errors. We examine viable alternatives to metric utility balance that researchers can use without biases or inefficiencies to retain the desired properties of 1 individual-level adaptation and 2 challenging questions.
Structural Biology of DNA Repair: Spatial Organisation of the Multicomponent Complexes of Nonhomologous End Joining

Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) plays a major role in double-strand break DNA repair, which involves a series of steps mediated by multiprotein complexes. A ring-shaped Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer forms first at broken DNA ends, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) binds to mediate synapsis and nucleases process DNA overhangs. DNA ligase IV (LigIV) is recruited as a complex with XRCC4 for ligation, with XLF/Cernunnos, playing a role in enhancing activity of LigIV. We describe how a combination of methods—X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering—can give insights into the transient multicomponent complexes that mediate NHEJ. We first consider the organisation of DNA-PKcs/Ku70/Ku80/DNA complex (DNA-PK) and then discuss emerging evidence concerning LigIV/XRCC4/XLF/DNA and higher-order complexes. We conclude by discussing roles of multiprotein systems in maintaining high signal-to-noise and the value of structural studies in developing new therapies in oncology and elsewhere.
Enhanced Flooding Scheme for AODV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are composed of wireless mobile devices (nodes) equipped with portable radios but without the aid of any centralized management or existing infrastructure such as base-station. Broadcasting is an inevitable operation of route discovery Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET). Though the broadcast by flooding is simple but inefficient and results in redundant message relays. This in turn over use of limited network resources like channel node energy and bandwidth. The normal flooding scheme is cause high retransmissions which lead to packet collisions and media congestion that can significantly degrade the network performance and throughput. Knowing the geographical position of the mobile nodes can help the protocol to reduce the number of retransmissions, thus enhancing the protocol performance. In this paper, an improved Flooding Algorithm has been proposed that makes use of the nodes' position to rebroadcast the packets and efficiently spread the control traffic in the mobile ad hoc network. The proposed algorithm is applied on the route discovery process of Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to reduce the number of propagating Route Request (RREQ) messages. The RREQ has been customized by assigning a list to the RREQ contain fourth Nominated Neighbours to Rebroadcast the RREQ (NNRR) and used concept of requested zone and expected Zone to limit area of route discovery. The results produced by simulator shows that our scheme reduces the routing overhead and improves network throughput.
External validity of clinical trials in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Patients enrolled in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) may not reflect those seen in real-life practice. Our goal was to compare patients eligible for enrollment but not enrolled in contemporary RCTs of reperfusion therapy with patients who would have been ineligible and also with patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) participating in RCTs. METHODS Consecutive patients with AMI (n = 8469) enrolled in the GRACE registry (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) were divided into 3 groups: RCT participants (11%; n = 953), eligible nonenrolled patients (55%; n = 4669), and ineligible patients (34%; n = 2847). Our main outcome measures were hospital mortality rates. RESULTS Based on baseline characteristics or GRACE risk-score distribution, RCT participants had the lowest a priori risk of death; eligible patients had a higher risk; and ineligible patients had the highest risk. Actual hospital mortality showed a similar gradient (3.6%, 7.1%, and 11.4%, respectively) (P<.001). Multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline risk, use and type of reperfusion therapy, and delay from symptom onset to admission consistently showed a higher mortality rate for eligible nonenrolled patients than for RCT participants (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.43; and odds ratio, 1.97; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-3.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with AMI participating in RCTs have a lower baseline risk and experience lower mortality than nonenrolled patients, even when they are trial eligible. This difference is not entirely explained by differences in baseline risk, use and type of reperfusion therapy, and/or delays in presentation. Caution is necessary when extending the findings obtained in RCTs to the general population with AMI.
Cut Elimination in the Presence of Axioms

Abstract A way is found to add axioms to sequent calculi that maintains the eliminability of cut, through the representation of axioms as rules of inference of a suitable form. By this method, the structural analysis of proofs is extended from pure logic to free-variable theories, covering all classical theories, and a wide class of constructive theories. All results are proved for systems in which also the rules of weakening and contraction can be eliminated. Applications include a system of predicate logic with equality in which also cuts on the equality axioms are eliminated.
Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment

Introduction. Selenium is a micronutrient embedded in several proteins. In adults, the thyroid is the organ with the highest amount of selenium per gram of tissue. Selenium levels in the body depend on the characteristics of the population and its diet, geographic area, and soil composition. In the thyroid, selenium is required for the antioxidant function and for the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Methods. We performed a review of the literature on selenium's role in thyroid function using PubMed/MEDLINE. Results. Regarding thyroid pathology, selenium intake has been particularly associated with autoimmune disorders. The literature suggests that selenium supplementation of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis is associated with a reduction in antithyroperoxidase antibody levels, improved thyroid ultrasound features, and improved quality of life. Selenium supplementation in Graves' orbitopathy is associated with an improvement of quality of life and eye involvement, as well as delayed progression of ocular disorders. The organic form of selenium seems to be the preferable formulation for supplementation or treatment. Conclusion. Maintaining a physiological concentration of selenium is a prerequisite to prevent thyroid disease and preserve overall health. Supplementation with the organic form is more effective, and patients with autoimmune thyroiditis seem to have benefits in immunological mechanisms. Selenium supplementation proved to be clinically beneficial in patients with mild to moderate Graves' orbitopathy.
Hierarchical character selection for a brain computer interface spelling system

Typing using brain computer interface provides a physically disabled person an important mode of communication with their external environment. The goal of this study is to develop a real-time brain computer interface (BCI) spelling interface using a single channel electroencephalograph (EEG) and steady state evoked potential (SSVEP). The study employs a hierarchical method to include all the alphabets and several special characters on a graphical user interface (GUI) that includes 5 flickering boxes in every level with frequencies set from 6 Hz to10 Hz. Subsequently, the real-time EEG signal was acquired from a single EEG channel specifically the Oz channel. Signals are processed and a command output is triggered to enter a sub-level or select the desired character that will be displayed on a Word file. The system was tested by typing a pangram with a total of 31 letters and 5 SPACE commands and results exhibited an average accuracy of 92.80%. Overall, the average information transfer rate (ITR) and characters per minute (CPM) with transitional delays were calculated to be 11.24 bits/min and 2.04 chars/min respectively. However, when the transitional delays were excluded from the computation, results showed an average ITR of 21.20 bits/min and a CPM of 3.76 characters per minute. It is noteworthy that one of the subjects was able to achieve a peak ITR of 54.73 bits/min and a maximum of 8.42 chars/minute when transitional delays are excluded. The current method was able to demonstrate fast response and practical application of the BCI spelling system using hierarchical method.
Poly-Cross-Linked PEI Through Aromatically Conjugated Imine Linkages as a New Class of pH-Responsive Nucleic Acids Packing Cationic Polymers

Cationic polyimines polymerized through aromatically conjugated bis-imine linkages and intra-molecular cross-linking were found to be a new class of effective transfection materials for their flexibility in structural optimization, responsiveness to intracellular environment, the ability to facilitate endosome escape and cytosol release of the nucleic acids, as well as self-metabolism. When three phthalaldehydes of different substitution positions were used to polymerize highly branched low-molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI 1.8K), the product through ortho-phthalimines (named PPOP) showed significantly higher transfection activity than its two tere- and iso-analogs (named PPTP and PPIP). Physicochemical characterization confirmed the similarity of three polyimines in pH-responded degradability, buffer capacity, as well as the size and Zeta potential of the polyplexes formed from the polymers. A mechanistic speculation may be that the ortho-positioned bis-imine linkage of PPOP may only lead to the straight trans-configuration due to steric hindrance, resulting in larger loops of intra-polymer cross-linking and more flexible backbone.
Hurricane Eyewall Evolution in a Forced Shallow Water Model

A forced shallow-water model is used to understand the role of diabatic and frictional effects in the generation, maintenance, and breakdown of the hurricane eyewall potential vorticity (PV) ring. Diabatic heating is parameterized as an annular mass sink of variable width and magnitude, and the nonlinear evolution of tropical storm‐like vortices is examined under this forcing. Diabatic heating produces a strengthening and thinning PV ring in time due to the combined effects of the mass sink and radial PV advection by the induced divergent circulation. If the forcing makes the ring thin enough, then it can become dynamically unstable and break down into polygonal asymmetries or mesovortices. The onset of barotropic instability is marked by simultaneous drops in both the maximum instantaneous velocity and minimum pressure, consistent with unforced studies. However, in a sensitivity test where the heating is proportional to the relative vorticity, universal intensification occurs during barotropic instability, consistent with a recent observational study. Friction is shown to help stabilize the PV ring by reducing the eyewall PV and the unstable-mode barotropic growth rate. The radial location and structure of the heating is shown to be of critical importance for intensity variability. While it is well known that it is critical to heat in the inertially stable region inside the radius of maximum winds to spin up the hurricane vortex, these results demonstrate the additional importance of havingthenetheatingascloseaspossibletothecenterofthestorm,partiallyexplainingwhytropicalcyclones with very small eyes can rapidly intensify to high peak intensities.
Hearing loss and cognition among older adults in the United States.

BACKGROUND To investigate the association between hearing loss and cognitive function in a nationally representative sample of older adults. METHODS We analyzed data from the 1999 to 2002 cycles of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey during which participants aged 60-69 years (n = 605) underwent both audiometric and cognitive testing. Hearing loss was defined by a pure tone average of hearing thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz in the better hearing ear. Cognitive testing consisted of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a nonverbal test that assesses executive function and psychomotor processing. Data on hearing aid use, demographics, and medical history were obtained from interviews. Regression models were used to examine the association between hearing loss and cognition while adjusting for confounders. Analyses incorporated sampling weights to yield results that are generalizable to the U.S. population. RESULTS Greater hearing loss was significantly associated with lower scores on the DSST after adjustment for demographic factors and medical history (DSST score difference of -1.5 [95% confidence interval: -2.9 to -0.23] per 10 dB of hearing loss). Hearing aid use was positively associated with cognitive functioning (DSST score difference of 7.4 [95% confidence interval: -0.62 to 15.4]). The reduction in cognitive performance associated with a 25 dB hearing loss was equivalent to the reduction associated with an age difference of 7 years. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss is independently associated with lower scores on the DSST. Further research is needed to determine whether hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor or an early marker of cognitive decline.