Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a mask-programmable memory/multiplier array using G4-FET technology

A G4-FET is a 4 gate transistor that combines both JFET and MOS characteristics in a single device that may be fabricated in a standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. In doing so, it enables the conducting channel to be controlled vertically through MOS gates, as well as horizontally, through junction gates. Further, depending upon how it is biased, a single G4-FET can serve as either a not-majority logic gate or as a charge storage-based memory cell. This unique device offers tremendous potential for innovative gate arrays, where real estate can be traded-off between logic and memory functions. In this paper, we take a first look at a mask-programmable G4-FET array that depending upon metal personalization, can function either as a DRAM array or a multiplier.
The comparative study of overall and partial surface conductivity method

How to determine the contamination degree is a hot topic of outdoor insulation. Many researchers overseas and domestic have been exploring the measuring methods of contamination degree of outdoor insulation for a long time, several methods have been found and surface conductivity method is one of them. The measuring condition of overall surface conductivity method is identical with the operation condition of insulators used in real overhead transmission lines, so it is a good method to measure contamination degree and can reflect the real contamination states of outdoor insulation, however it needs high voltage, heave and costly equipment and is seriously affected by the air gap between end fitting and contamination on the insulator. Therefore, a new method - partial surface conductivity method is put forward, it can overcome all the drawbacks of overall surface conductivity method. In addition, The measuring process of partial surface conductivity method is very simple and will not destroy the contamination layers of outdoor insulation and can very easily measure out the distribution of contamination on the surface of insulators, this has great significance to the study of insulator contamination. But now the studies to this method are very few and the relation between overall and partial surface conductivity method is not very clear. This paper has a deep study of the relations between overall and partial surface conductivity method on rectangular glass board, RTV board and triangular glass board. The result is that when the artificial contamination on the sample plates is fully damped, the measuring value of overall and partial surface conductivity method is proximately same.
Anthracycline antibiotic-stimulated superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical production by NADH dehydrogenase.

This study investigated the effect of the anthracycline antibiotics on oxygen radical metabolism by cardiac mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase [NADH:(acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6. 99.3]. Superoxide formation by NADH dehydrogenase after anthracycline treatment appeared to follow saturation kinetics with an apparent Km of 167.3, 73.3, 64.0, or 47.6 microM for doxorubicin, daunorubicin, rubidazone, or aclacinomycin A, respectively. Superoxide formation by NADH dehydrogenase after doxorubicin treatment occurred with a pH optimum of 7.6 and was accompanied by the production of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, drug-related hydroxyl radical generation was detected in this enzyme system by the evolution of methane gas from dimethyl sulfoxide. Hydroxyl radical production proceeded only in the presence of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and trace amounts of iron or a chelate of iron and ethylenediaminetetraacetate and thus was probably the by-product of a transition metal-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. The antitumor agents mitoxantrone and actinomycin D did not significantly enhance reactive oxygen metabolism by NADH dehydrogenase. These results suggest that the specific activation of the anthracycline antibiotics to free radicals by NADH dehydrogenase leads to the formation of a variety of reactive oxygen species that may contribute to the mitochondrial toxicity of these drugs.
Advanced Multi-Color Fluorescence Imaging System for Detection of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Leaves

The autofluorescence of a sample is a highly sensitive and selective optical property and gives the possibility to establish non-destructive techniques of the investigation of plants, like detecting the chlorophyll fluorescence related to stress phenomena. In this study, an advanced multi-color fluorescence imaging system and data analysis were presented. The advantage of an imaging system is the additional receiving of spatial information over a sample area, this is a strong improvement compared to spot measurements commonly used. The purpose was to demonstrate the possibility of the detection and characterization of stress symptoms using this system. Specific fluorescence ratios were identified to characterize the stress status over the whole leaf, here shown on barley grown under different nitrogen supply (abiotic stress). Due to the changes, it is possible to make conclusions about leaf pigments (chlorophylls and phenolics) related to stress response. The second aim was to use the shape of local symptoms (biotic stress) as a criterion. For this purpose, three structural different kinds of fungal symptoms were analyzed using shape descriptors. It shows that an additional image shape analysis can be very useful for extracting further information, in this case the successful discrimination of fungal infections.
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Intestinal Epithelial Cells via a PKC δ-Mediated, Redox-Dependent Signaling Pathway.

AIMS Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered a fundamental mechanism in complications of Crohn's disease (CD), especially intestinal fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying EMT regulation in intestinal fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in the occurrence of intestinal EMT. RESULTS AOPPs accumulated in CD tissues and were associated with EMT marker expression in fibrotic lesions from CD patients. Challenge with AOPPs induced intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) phenotype transdifferentiation, fibroblast-like phenotype acquisition, and production of extracellular matrix, both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of AOPPs was mainly mediated by a protein kinase C (PKC) δ-mediated redox-dependent pathway, including phosphorylation of PKC δ, recruitment of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, production of reactive oxygen species, and NF-κB p65 activation. Inhibition of AOPP-redox signaling activation effectively blocked AOPP-induced EMT in vitro. Studies performed in normal rats showed that chronic administration of AOPPs triggered the occurrence of EMT in rat intestinal epithelia, accompanied by disruption of intestinal integrity, and by promotion of collagen deposition. These effects could be reversed by inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Innovation and Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate that AOPPs triggered the occurrence of EMT in IECs in vitro and in vivo through PKC δ-mediated redox-dependent signaling. Our study identifies the role of AOPPs and, in turn, EMT in intestinal fibrosis and provides novel potential targets for the treatment of intestinal fibrotic diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 37-56.
QuickUMLS: a fast, unsupervised approach for medical concept extraction

Entity extraction is a fundamental step in many health in-formatics systems. In recent years, tools such as MetaMap and cTAKES have been widely used for medical concept extraction on medical literature and clinical notes; however, relatively little interest has been placed on their scalability to large datasets. In this work, we present QuickUMLS: a fast, unsupervised, approximate dictionary matching algo-rithm for medical concept extraction. The proposed method achieves similar precision and recall of state-of-the-art systems on two clinical notes corpora, and outperforms MetaMap and cTAKES on a dataset of consumer drug reviews. More importantly, it is up to 135 times faster than both systems.
Microstructural Investigation of the Ferritic GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91) Cast Steel

The paper presents research on the microstructure of high chromium martensitic GX12CrMoVNbN9-1 (GP91) cast steel. The steel was subject to investigation in the as-cast state, after hardening as well as after quenching and tempering. The microstructure and morphology of precipitates in GP91 cast steel was examined in terms of changes taking place during the technological process. It has been shown that the examined cast steel is characterized by a microstructure of lath martensite (and polygonized ferrite) with numerous precipitates, such as: M3C, M23C6 and MX (NbC, VX) of diverse morphology. Tempered martensite in the cast steel consists of former austenite grains separated by high angle grain boundaries. These grains are subdivided by high angle boundaries into blocks of martensite laths. The dislocation density of the tempered martensite is high (of about 1014 m-2).
Microrobot System for Automatic Nanohandling Inside a Scanning Electron Microscope

In this paper, current research work on the development of an automated nano handling station in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is presented. An experimental setup is described, in which two mobile microrobots cooperate in the vacuum chamber of an SEM. The robots are positioned by a closed-loop controller with sensor data, which is provided by three charge-coupled device cameras and the SEM. Continuous pose estimation is carried out by processing noisy SEM images in real time. To enable the automation of complex tasks, a client-server control system that can integrate various microrobots and sensors is introduced. Finally, the overall system is evaluated by automatic handling of transmission electron microscope lamellae.
Microfabrication of PPy microactuators and other conjugated polymer devices

Conjugated polymers have a number of interesting properties that can be exploited in microfabricated sensors and actuators. For example, polypyrrole is a conjugated polymer that can change volume to deliver significant stresses and strains. These materials can be patterned using conventional microfabrication techniques. The procedures for doing this are described in this paper, focusing on the microfabrication of polypyrrole microactuators. In addition, other methods for the deposition and patterning of conjugated polymers are reviewed. A special technique for releasing actuators, differential adhesion, is also detailed.
Cloud-DLT: A Disruptive Cloud based Digital Library using Lean Design Technique

Cloud based libraries connect individuals to on-demand information needed to solve problems, expand frontiers and re-shape the future. In the era of disruptive computing, a digital library model using cloud computing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is proposed. The proof of concept is used to demonstrate the viability of deploying and running virtualized digital library in Nigerian higher institutions. Lean design phases are used in developing the library application program interface (API) as well as the network design. Programming languages such as CSS, JavaScript, PHP and MYSQL are used for the API integration while demonstrating a hypervisor based server infrastructure on a Wi-Fi hotspot. For access control on the network, a network IP address configuration based on classless inter-domain routing (CIDR192.168.0.0/24) is applied while using TP-Link 3G/4G Wireless N-Router (TL-MR3420) access point for 300Mbps wireless connectivity. Front-end vulnerability threats are addressed during the coding phase while demonstrating improvement on the level of services provided for resource accessibility and management. A faculty wide scenario in Federal University of Technology is used as a validation case study. The proposed system is flexible, offers robust security support with 64/128bit wired equivalent privacy (WEP), WPA/WPA2 and WPA-PSK/WAP2-PSK encryption standards. Cloud-DLT eradicates the challenges and inconveniences associated with accessing and managing the library resources. The work highlighted its usefulness and implications to academics and students in the next few years.
Efficient method of increase in isolation between patch antennas using metamaterial

A broadband electrical metamaterial is proposed in this paper to improve the performance of microstrip antenna. With the help of metamaterial we can improve bandwidth of microstrip antenna as well as miniaturize it. The properties and applications of metamaterial, three half split ring resonator metamaterial and the performance of a system contributing two patch antennas separated by means of a metamaterial based surface at 9.6 GHz for multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) application is explained in this paper. The functioning of two air spaced patch antennas is studied for comparison with that of metamaterial spaced antennas.
Electrostrictive behavior in lead magnesium niobate (PMN) actuators. I. Materials perspective

Lead magnesium niobate (Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 or PMN) exhibits many attractive properties required by actuators for precision submicron control. At room temperature hysteresis is negligible, thermal expansion is less than 1 microstrain degrees C-1, and the longitudinal strain sensitivity is 375 microstrain at 600 V mm-1. There has been recent interest in using PMN actuators in applications near 0 degrees C, which is near the Curie temperature of the material. The purpose of this paper is to use the nonlinear constitutive relations describing the fundamental material behavior, along with supporting to test results, to establish a foundation for an engineering description of electrostrictive materials for the design of integrated actuator and structure systems. This paper presents an experimental characterization of PMN strain response, hysteresis and dielectric permittivity for temperatures between -50 degrees C and 100 degrees C. Measurements were made of the transverse strain of a thin PMN plate at bias fields of 0 and 400 V mm-1 and for frequencies between 1 and 1000 Hz. Field dependent effects are discussed in terms of the nonlinear electrostrictive equations derived from a parametric elastic Gibbs free energy function. The temperature dependence of the permittivity and induced piezoelectric coefficient are modelled by a modified Curie-Weiss law.
An improved integrated lossless self-matched current-sensing circuit based on Gm-C filter for 4-switch buck-boost topology

An integrated lossless inductor current-sensing method is proposed. Its core is the using of a Gm-C filter, whose frequency response matches the inductor time-constant. In order to fit different types and values of inductors, tuning and calibration process is introduced in for self-matching ahead of normal loop control. For applying the proposed method to a 4-switch buck-boost converter, some special issues like high ICMR, transconductance programmability, and high output resistant were carefully considered and treated. Based on it, the propose circuit is designed and fabricated with TSMC 0.35-µm CMOS technology successfully. The experimental results are consistent with expectations well.
Meta-theory à la carte

Formalizing meta-theory, or proofs about programming languages, in a proof assistant has many well-known benefits. Unfortunately, the considerable effort involved in mechanizing proofs has prevented it from becoming standard practice. This cost can be amortized by reusing as much of existing mechanized formalizations as possible when building a new language or extending an existing one. One important challenge in achieving reuse is that the inductive definitions and proofs used in these formalizations are closed to extension. This forces language designers to cut and paste existing definitions and proofs in an ad-hoc manner and to expend considerable effort to patch up the results. The key contribution of this paper is the development of an induction technique for extensible Church encodings using a novel reinterpretation of the universal property of folds. These encodings provide the foundation for a framework, formalized in Coq, which uses type classes to automate the composition of proofs from modular components. This framework enables a more structured approach to the reuse of meta-theory formalizations through the composition of modular inductive definitions and proofs. Several interesting language features, including binders and general recursion, illustrate the capabilities of our framework. We reuse these features to build fully mechanized definitions and proofs for a number of languages, including a version of mini-ML. Bounded induction enables proofs of properties for non-inductive semantic functions, and mediating type classes enable proof adaptation for more feature-rich languages.
The supraglottic airway I-gel in comparison with ProSeal laryngeal mask airway and classic laryngeal mask airway in anaesthetized patients

Background and objective The I-gel is a new single-use supraglottic airway device without an inflatable cuff. This study was designed to investigate the usefulness of the I-gel compared with the classic laryngeal mask airway (cLMA) and ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (pLMA) in anaesthetized, paralysed patients. Methods The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II patients (n = 167) scheduled for orthopaedic surgery were included in this prospective study. General anaesthesia was achieved with intravenous infusion of propofol, remifentanil and rocuronium. The patients were randomly assigned to I-gel, pLMA and cLMA groups (64, 53 and 50 patients, respectively). Properly sized I-gel (No. 3-4) or LMA (No. 4-5) was inserted. We assessed haemodynamic data, airway leak pressure, leak volume, success rates and postoperative complications. Results There were no differences in the demographic data and haemodynamic data immediately after insertion of devices among the three groups. The airway leak pressures of the I-gel group (27.1 ± 6.4 cmH2O) and pLMA group (29.8 ± 5.7 cmH2O) were significantly higher than that of the cLMA group (24.7 ± 6.2 cmH2O). The success rates for first attempt of insertion were similar among the three groups (P = 0.670). There were no differences in the incidence of adverse events except for the larger incidence of sore throat in the cLMA group. Conclusion I-gel may have a similar airway sealing to that of pLMA, higher than that of cLMA, and is not associated with adverse events. The I-gel might be an effective alternative as a supraglottic airway device.
Ferrofluid hydrostatics according to classical and recent theories of the stresses

The hydrostatics of soft polarisable liquids is examined in the context of four ‘classical’ theories of the stresses in fluids, and of recent theoretical work which has resolved the controversy surrounding those theories. The classical stress systems predict various different internal pressures and magnetostrictive density changes, and only the stress system, based on energy, correctly gives the density change. The energy-based stresses proposed by Gans in 1904 generalise for nonlinear fluids the stress system of Helmholtz. All the stress systems predict the same surface variation of the pressure to contain a liquid, and they lead to a common surface-integral method useful for computing force on saturable iron bodies. The modern theories are represented, for equilibrium conditions, by a single and unique stress system which gives no information on internal forces. The meaning of the various ‘pressures’ found in the recent literature is discussed, and the role of density, rather than pressure, as the predictable mechanical variable inside a liquid is illustrated by a thought experiment.
Diagnostic Tools for Performance Evaluation of Innovative In-Situ Remediation Technologies at Chlorinated Solvent-Contaminated Sites

Abstract : The overall objective of this demonstration project was to evaluate innovative diagnostic tools for the implementation and optimization of bioremediation technology applications. The specific objectives of this demonstration project included: 1) demonstrate the effectiveness of ISB for remediation of chlorinated solvent residual DNAPL contamination using conventional and innovative diagnostic tools, 2) demonstrate efficacy of alternative diagnostic tools for evaluating performance and enhancing implementation of bioremediation in chlorinated solvent source areas, and 3) compare these innovative methods with conventional diagnostic tools that are currently used for assessing bioremediation performance.
The impact of renewable energy sources on economic growth and CO 2 emissions-a SVAR approach FEP WORKING PAPERS Research Work in Progress FEP WORKING PAPERS n . 407 March 2011

Over the last years renewable energy sources (RES) have increased their share on electricity generation of most developed economies due to environmental and security of supply concerns. The aim of this paper was to analyze how an increasing share of RES on electricity generation (RES-E) affects Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Several methodologies could be used for this purpose. The Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) methodology considers the interactions among all variables in the model and is well suited to predict the effects of specific policy actions or important changes in the economy. Therefore, we chose to implement this methodology. We used a 3 variable SVAR model for a sample of four countries along the period 1960-2004. The existence of unit roots was tested to infer the stationarity of the variables. The countries chosen have rather different levels of economic development and social and economic structures but a common effort of investment in RES in the last decades. Through the impulse response functions (IRF), the SVAR estimation showed that, for all countries in the sample, except for the USA, the increasing RES-E share had economic costs in terms of GDP per capita. As expected, there was also an evident decrease of CO2 emissions per capita. The variance decomposition showed that a significant part of the forecast error variance of GDP per capita and a relatively smaller part of the forecast error variance of CO2 per capita were explained by the share of RES-E.
MicroRNA-Directed Regulation of Arabidopsis AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 Is Essential for Proper Development and Modulates Expression of Early Auxin Response Genesw⃞

The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles during plant growth, many of which are mediated by the auxin response transcription factor (ARF) family. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-nucleotide riboregulators, target several mRNAs implicated in auxin responses. miR160 targets ARF10, ARF16, and ARF17, three of the 23 Arabidopsis thaliana ARF genes. Here, we describe roles of miR160-directed ARF17 posttranscriptional regulation. Plants expressing a miRNA-resistant version of ARF17 have increased ARF17 mRNA levels and altered accumulation of auxin-inducible GH3-like mRNAs, YDK1/GH3.2, GH3.3, GH3.5, and DFL1/GH3.6, which encode auxin-conjugating proteins. These expression changes correlate with dramatic developmental defects, including embryo and emerging leaf symmetry anomalies, leaf shape defects, premature inflorescence development, altered phyllotaxy along the stem, reduced petal size, abnormal stamens, sterility, and root growth defects. These defects demonstrate the importance of miR160-directed ARF17 regulation and implicate ARF17 as a regulator of GH3-like early auxin response genes. Many of these defects resemble phenotypes previously observed in plants expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing and plants with mutations in genes important for miRNA biogenesis or function, providing a molecular rationale for phenotypes previously associated with more general disruptions of miRNA function.