Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation of a Gaussian beam by rays

Although the ray concept is a useful tool for helping students visualize the propagation of light, rays do not produce diffraction, which is described by wave theory. Nevertheless, it is possible to retain the ray picture to describe a Gaussian beam if a suitable statistical distribution of rays is used. We transform the distribution using only ray propagation techniques (no wave theory) and show how a statistical distribution of rays gives an intuitive picture of a diffracting Gaussian beam as it freely propagates or is focused by lenses.
MERLIN — A meV Resolution Beamline at the ALS

An ultra‐high resolution beamline is being constructed at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) for the study of low energy excitations in strongly correlated systems with the use of high‐resolution inelastic scattering and angle‐resolved photoemission. This new beamline, given the acronym Merlin (for meV resolution line), will cover the energy range 10–150 eV. The monochromator has fixed entrance and exit slits and a plane mirror that can illuminate a spherical grating at the required angle of incidence (as in the SX‐700 mechanism). The monochromator can be operated in two different modes. In the highest resolution mode, the energy scanning requires translating the monochromator chamber (total travel 1.1 m) as well as rotating the grating and the plane mirror in front of the grating. The resolution in this mode is practically determined by the slits width. In the second mode, the scanning requires rotating the grating and the plane mirror. This mode can be used to scan a few eV without a significant resolution.
Efﬁcient Routing Decisions for Electric Vehicles in a Congested Network

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (E-VRP) is an extension of the infamous Vehicle Routing Prob-lem which asks which routing decisions an electric vehicle needs to take in order to traverse the network efﬁciently. Many extensions of this problem have been subject to research in the last decade and now that electric vehicles are starting to pop up in more and more cities, questions are asked about how an electric vehicle should decide which charging station to charge at to minimize their lateness. This problem is of growing signiﬁcance due to the growth of the amount of electric vehicles and the disruptions which are caused by the longer recharging times of an electrical vehicle when compared to fossil fuel-based vehicles. Since there are countless possibilities and variables to consider in this problem (e.g. the price of electricity or the distance to a charging station), research should be conducted to see which kind of algorithm most satisﬁes the need of the end-user. To address this problem, this paper proposes several algorithms and compares them to each other based on algorithmic efﬁciency, average travel time of the vehicles and possible disadvantages when using the algorithms. Through simulations we show that the IARS algorithm as proposed in an earlier paper leads to the overall best performance, but that it lacks efﬁciency in terms of al-gorithmical complexity. We also show that when using a shortest path algorithm, the addition of a greedy geometric spanner signiﬁcantly decreases the time complexity of the algorithm, in some cases reducing the average timespan of the simulation of 1 day by as much as 34%.
NUMERICAL STABILITY IN AN INVERSE SCATTERING PROBLEM

The main result of this paper is a stability theorem for a certain class of difference algorithms designed to give approximate solutions of a model inverse scattering problem in one dimension. This stability result guarantees the convergence of the approximate solutions to the exact solution of the problem as the grid of the difference scheme is refined. We present the result of numerical experiments based on one of these schemes, in which second-order convergence is observed. Furthermore the cost (that is, the dependence on N of the number of arithmetic operations required to compute the solution at N grid points) of the algorithms discussed below is essentially optimal.
Confidence intervals and an improved ridge analysis of response surfaces

The user of RSM techniques gains considerable insight into the nature of the stationary point and the nature of the underlying response surface from estimates of the eigenvalues of the matrix of pure and mixed quadratic regression coefftcients, B. This article presents and illustrates methodology for constructing conservative confidence limits on the eigenvalues of this matrix as well as the mean response at a constrained optimum. When a confidence interval about an eigenvalue of B includes zero, a change in the strategy of analysis is required; one is suggested and illustrated.
Generation of genomic editing resources for NBRP Medaka: Experiments with RXFP4, PERIOD2, and Cas12a

Oryzias latipes, the Japanese rice fish commonly known as medaka, is a model research organism used worldwide for the biomedical, evolutionary, and ecotoxicology studies. As a part of NSF Project #1952513, we assisted the Japanese National Bioresource Project Medaka in three studies: 1) We designed primers for the gene Relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4) and generated G0 RXFP4 KO medaka, 2) We participated in the synthesis of donor DNA for knockin experiments in an attempt to create the fusion protein PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE and alterative proteins PERIOD2::mNeonGreen and PERIOD2::nLucP, and 3) Tested the genome editing efficiency of LbCpf1 (Cas12a) in medaka by performing experiments testing various concentrations of Cas12a RNPs, measuring the proportion of survival and mutated phenotypes in injected embryos, and prepared donor DNA for an mNeonGreen knock-in into the middle of the slc45a2 gene.
LUDWIG MAXIMILIAN UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH

The current study investigates the representation of tropical waves and estimates tropical predictability limits in numerical simulations with the stochastic convection scheme. The study of predictability limits included the investigation of the current practical predictability limit, intrinsic predictability limit and transition between them. For these purposes, the global numerical simulations on the base of ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic Model including the Plant-Craig stochastic convection scheme were applied with, rescaled in several steps, the current estimates of initial condition uncertainty of 12 real cases. The obtained estimation of intrinsic predictability limit in the tropics exceeds two weeks and is longer than the estimation for the mid-latitudes, especially for large scales. Also, the shallower slope of background kinetic energy comparing to the midlatitudes has been estimated. Based on the simple Lilly model, it was found that shallower spectral slope provide longer predictability limits and can be a potential source of longer tropical predictability. The identification of tropical waves showed very weak wave signals in the total precipitation rate and outgoing longwave radiation fields, however Kelvin waves, n = 0 equatorial-Rossby waves and mixed Rossby-gravity waves were recognized. The stronger signals of these waves were observed in wind divergence field. Due to weak wave signals and slightly coupling to convection, the misrepresentation of the tropical waves in numerical simulation with the stochastic scheme was concluded and prevent to make a conclusion about tropical waves as a source of longer tropical predictability limits.
BOVW FOR CLASSIFICATION IN GEOMETRICS SHAPES

The classification of forms is a process used in various areas, to perform a classification based on the manipulation of shape contours it is necessary to extract certain common characteristics, it is proposed to use the bag of visual words model, this method consists of three phases: detection and extraction of characteristics, representation of the image and finally the classification. In the first phase of detection and extraction the SIFT and SURF methods will be used, later in the second phase a dictionary of words will be created through a process of clustering using K-means, EM, K-means in combination with EM, finally in the Classification will be compared algorithms of SVM, Bayes, KNN, RF, DT, AdaBoost, NN, to determine the performance and accuracy of the proposed method.
Managerial ability and the efficiency of working capital

This paper investigates the link between managers’ ability and working capital efficiency. The main conjecture of the study is that managerial ability is positively associated with working capital efficiency. Using a sample of US companies, the paper finds that increased managerial ability moves the working capital toward the optimal level. This study extends the working capital management literature by showing that working capital efficiency is not only elicited by a firm’s characteristics but also by managerial ability. This result sheds light on the benefits of hiring managers with higher abilities.
The 3-D Potential Vorticity Development during the Tropical Transition of Hurricane Leslie (2018) and Paulette (2020) over the North Atlantic Ocean

German) Extratropische oder subtropische Wirbelstürme, welche eine erhebliche Menge Energie aus baroklinen oder diabatischen Prozessen ziehen, stellen potentielle Vorläufer tropischer Zyklogenese dar. Tropical Transition-Prozesse (TT), welche die Entwicklung tropischer Zyklone basierend auf dem Vorhandensein außertropischer Störungen beschreiben, sind noch heute durch eine vergleichsweise schwache Vorhersagbarkeit sowie durch eine hohe Präsenz in der Nord-Atlantik-Region charakterisiert. Dies ist Folge der Variabilität der Umwelteigenschaften, welche durch die ihnen vorausgehenden atmosphärischen Wechselwirkungen gegeben sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, unter Betrachtung der Entwicklung Potentieller Vorticity (PV), die Voraussetzungen sowie Hauptursachen für TT-Szenarien besser zu verstehen. Durch die Nutzung von Ensemble Wettervorhersagen des europäischen Zentrums für mittelfristige Wettervorhersage werden die Entwicklungen von Hurrikan Leslie (2018) und Hurrikan Paulette (2020) näher untersucht. Beide Systeme wurden aufgrund ihrer außergewöhnlichen Trajektorien, des vergleichsweise unberechenbaren Verhaltens und deren Einbettung in stark barokline Randbedinungen ausgewählt. Diese Studie soll eine Fortsetzung der Arbeit von Maier-Gerber et al. [1] darstellen. Ziel ist es, Merkmale von PV-Strukturen abzuleiten, welche das Aufkommen von TT-Szenarien begünstigen oder dessen Entwicklung beschränken. Hierbei wird, durch Nutzung eines neuartigen Algorithmus zur Analyse von PV-Anomalien, insbesondere die 3-D Struktur der jeweiligen PV-Streamer untersucht. Dynamic Time Warping wird genutzt um ein erfolgreiches Tracken der jeweiligen Stürme zu gewährleisten. Cyclone-Phase-Space-Diagramme werden verwendet, um zwischen abgeschlossenen und nicht-realisierten TT-Ereignissen zu unterscheiden. Zusätzlich wird die Entwicklung des Kopplungsindex (CI), motiviert durch die Studie von McTaggart-Cowan et al., herangezogen, um Rückschluss auf die konvektive Stabilität der Atmosphäre in der Umgebung des beschriebenen Sturmzentrums schließen zu können. Die 3-D-Untersuchung der PV-Entwicklung im Zusammenhang mit den beiden TT-Szenarien veranschaulicht die Vorteile, welche durch die Aufteilung der Ensemblevorhersage in Gruppen gewonnen werden können. Des Weiteren wird hierbei die Gestalt der PV-Struktur selbst, als eine der ausschlaggebensten Kriterien für die Realisierung der TT, herausgearbeitet und hervorgehoben werden.
Starter Labelling of -Windmill Graphs with Small Defects

A graph on vertices can be starter-labelled, if the vertices can be given labels from the nonzero elements of the additive group such that each label , either or , is assigned to exactly two vertices and the two vertices are separated by either edges or edges, respectively. Mendelsohn and Shalaby have introduced Skolem-labelled graphs and determined the conditions of -windmills to be Skolem-labelled. In this paper, we introduce starter-labelled graphs and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for starter and minimum hooked starter labelling of all -windmills.
Recursive Gauss–Seidel algorithm for direct self‐tuning control

A recursive algorithm based on the use of Gauss–Seidel iterations is introduced to adjust the parameters of a self‐tuning controller for minimum phase and a class of nonminimum phase discrete‐time systems. The proposed algorithm is called the Recursive Gauss–Seidel (RGS) algorithm and is used to update the controller parameters directly. The use of the RGS algorithm with a generalized minimum variance control law is also given for nonminimum phase systems, and a forgetting factor is used to track the time‐varying parameters. Furthermore, the overall stability of the closed‐loop system is proven by using the Lyapunov stability theory. Using computer simulations, the performance of the RGS algorithm is examined and compared with the widely used recursive least squares algorithm.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consistent time-domain and frequency-domain representation for discrete-time linear time-invariant feedback systems

A framework for the consistent time-domain and frequency-domain representation of discrete-time linear time-invariant systems is established. As required, the class of signals constitute a linear space and the class of systems constitute an algebra of linear operators mapping the class of signals into itself. Furthermore, the inverses of the return difference operators exist and they themselves belong to the chosen class of systems. The formalism, amongst other things, supports the consistent analysis of discrete-time linear time-invariant feedback systems when signals are double-sided and the systems are open-loop unstable.
Tutoria: Supporting Good Practices for Providing Written Educational Feedback

In learning processes, feedback given by instructors is essential to guide students and help them improve from their mistakes. However, in higher education, instructors feel unable to give quality and timely feedback due to work overload and lack of time. As online classes became dominant due to the Covid 19 pandemic, and with increasing numbers of students per class, giving feedback beyond grades is even less realistic. Software tools to support feedback processes typically focus on automatic messages, which is not ideal as they lack personalization. Aligned with more recent research which suggests a broader perspective on the feedback process, we propose a software tool to help instructors construct quality written feedback efficiently. Through iterative user-centered design and applying artificial intelligence techniques, we developed functionalities that support correction of activities and allow building personalized written feedback, thus allowing instructors to give quality feedback to large groups, within realistic time frames.
Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter: Detection of ESBL, MBL, blaNDM-1 Genotype, and Biofilm Formation at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

Background The Acinetobacter species is an important hospital-acquired pathogen. The rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs and the ability to form biofilm make these bacteria more adaptable to survive in healthcare facilities, thus posing a challenge to their effective management. Objective This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and ability to form biofilm. Resistant Acinetobacter was further analyzed for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo β-lactamases (MBLs), carbapenemase production, and presence of blaNDM-1 gene. Materials and Methods A total of 324 Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical specimens which were submitted to the Department of Microbiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, and were studied for antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of ESBL and MBL production, and formerly biofilm formation was performed by standard microbiological methods. PCR was carried out to determine the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene. Results The predominant Acinetobacter species isolated was A calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex (Acb complex) 167 (51.5%). Among those, all A. species 128 (40%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). In which 13 (4.0%) were ESBL producers, 70 (61.9%) were MBL, and 12 (10.6%) were carbapenemases producers. The blaNDM1 gene was present in 33 isolates. Thirty-seven percent (121/324) of isolates formed biofilm. The majority of A. species were resistant to cefotaxime 73.8% (239) and cefepime 74.4% (241). A significant proportion of biofilm producers were MDR (p < 0.001). Conclusion Drug-resistant Acinetobacter formed a substantial proportion of this hospital's samples with a large presence of the blaNDM-1 gene. A matter of great concern is the association of multidrug-resistant phenotype with biofilm formation. This situation warranted stringent surveillance and adherence to infection prevention and control practices.
Observational Constraints on Maximum Mass Limit and Physical Properties of Anisotropic Strange Star Models by Gravitational Decoupling in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

In this work, we are guided by the gravitational wave events GW 170817 and GW 190814 together with observations of neutron stars PSR J1614-2230, PSR J1903+6620 and LMC X-4 to model compact objects within the framework of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity. In addition, we employ the complete gravitational decoupling method to explore the impact of anisotropy by varying the decoupling parameter. We model strange quark stars in which the interior stellar fluid obeys the MIT Bag equation of state which represents a degenerated Fermi gas comprising of up, down, and strange quarks. In order to close the system of field equations describing the seed solution, we employ the Buchdahl ansatz for one of the metric functions. The θ sector is solved under the bifurcation: $\epsilon =\theta ^0_0$ and $P_r=\theta ^1_1$ leading to two new families of solutions. In order to test the physical viability of the models, we vary the EGB parameter (α) or the decoupling constant (β) to achieve the observed masses and radii of compact objects. Our models are able to account for low-mass stars for a range of β values while α is fixed. Our models mimic the secondary component of the GW 190814 with a mass range of 2.5 to 2.67 M⊙ and radii typically of the order of 11.76$^{+0.14}_{-0.19}$ km for large values of the EGB parameter and the decoupling constant. The energy exchange between fluids inside the stellar object is sensitive to model parameters which lead to stable configurations.
The description of collective motions in terms of many-body perturbation theory

In this and a succeeding paper it is shown how a theory equivalent to the Bohm & Pines collective motion theory of the electron plasma can be derived directly from a perturbation series which gives in principle an exact solution of the many-body problem. This result is attained by making use of a diagrammatic method of analysis of the perturbation series. By a process analogous to the elimination of photon self-energy parts from the electrodynamic S matrix it is found possible to simplify the perturbation series, introducing a modified interaction between the particles. A useful integral equation for this modified interaction can be set up, and it is shown how the energy of the system can be expressed in terms of the modified interaction. The close connexion between this approach and the dielectric theory of plasma oscillations is indicated.
The coupling of green and brown food webs regulates trophic position in a montane mammal guild.

Food web ecology has revolutionized our understanding of ecological processes, but the drivers of food web properties like trophic position (TP) and food chain length are notoriously enigmatic. In terrestrial ecosystems, above- and belowground systems were historically compartmentalized into "green" and "brown" food webs, but the coupling of these systems by animal consumers is increasingly recognized, with potential consequences for trophic structure. We used stable isotope analysis (δ13 C, δ15 N) of individual amino acids to trace the flow of essential biomolecules and jointly measure multichannel feeding, food web coupling, and TP in a guild of small mammals. We then tested the hypothesis that brown energy fluxes to aboveground consumers increase terrestrial food chain length via cryptic trophic transfers during microbial decomposition. We found that the average small mammal consumer acquired nearly 70% of their essential amino acids (69.0% ± 7.6%) from brown food webs, leading to significant increases in TP across species and functional groups. Fungi were the primary conduit of brown energy to aboveground consumers, providing nearly half the amino acid budget for small mammals on average (44.3% ± 12.0%). These findings illustrate the tightly coupled nature of green and brown food webs and show that microbially mediated energy flow ultimately regulates food web structure in aboveground consumers. Consequently, we propose that the integration of green and brown energy channels is a cryptic driver of food chain length in terrestrial ecosystems.
Transition Perspectives of High School Students With Learning Disabilities: A Qualitative Metasynthesis

Student involvement is integral to transition planning for students with learning disabilities (LD). However, only a small body of research has examined the perspectives of high school students with LD related to this process. We conducted a systematic literature review and subsequent metasynthesis of 14 studies that met criteria and quality indicators for qualitative research in special education. Using a collaborative coding process, we identified five themes: (1) differences in support from professionals, family, and peers for transition, (2) perspectives on transition planning vision, meetings, and documents (3) evaluation of transition activities related to academics and graduation, career, and college, (4) self-determination examples, barriers, and facilitators, and (5) awareness of influence that gender, race, and/or culture have on transition. We discuss implications for practice and future research.
A Technological Monitoring Architecture for Academics' Mental and Physical Health

Educational institutions are moving to a hybrid model that allows onsite and online classes. Students and teachers must adapt to these changes in the teaching and learning routine, leading them to stress and anxiety moments. This work proposes an architecture to assist academics in detecting these stressful moments during daily activities. The proposal uses smart bands, machine learning algorithms, and a smartphone app for environment monitoring. The evaluation was conducted by collecting real data from heart rate spikes and enriching it using the location information to send recommendations. The results show that it is possible to identify stressful moments by respecting the academics environment by monitoring their routine.
High-gain complementary inverter with InGaZnO/pentacene hybrid ambipolar thin film transistors

Ambipolar thin film transistors (TFTs) with InGaZnO/pentacene heterostructure channels are demonstrated for a high-voltage-gain complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter. The ambipolar TFT exhibits a electron mobility of 23.8 cm2/V s and hole mobility of 0.15 cm2/V s for the InGaZnO and pentacene, respectively. The thermal annealing process was also studied to adjust electron concentration reducing operating voltage of the CMOS inverter. The voltage gain achieves as high as 60 obtained in the first and third quadrants of the voltage transfer characteristic. The high performance and simple manufacture of the heterostructure CMOS inverter show promise as critical components in various electrical applications.