Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Routines in teacher planning

Robert Yinger College of Education University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio A general characteristic of most studies of teaching is their focus on behavior that occurs when students are in the classroom. Jackson (1965) has referred to these face-to-face encounters between' teacher and students as "interactive" teaching and has differentiated them from "preactive" teaching. Preactive teaching takes place before and after school, during recess, and at other times when the teacher is alone in the classroom. "Empty classroom" behavior may include such things as preparing lesson plans, marking papers, setting up equipment, making and running dittos, thinking about how to deal with certain behavior or learning problems, and so forth. Although the distinction between preactive and interactive teaching has been popular for many years, few studies have examined the "empty classroom" aspect of teaching. Of the many different things that teachers do in the preactive phase of teaching, planning is probably the most important. The wealth and variety of instructional materials available, the emphasis on meeting school or district objectives, and the wide range of student aptitudes in most classrooms are but a few of the factors that virtually necessitate thinking and planning for the term, coming weeks, or even the next day. The importance of teacher planning has been further emphasized in recent ecological studies of the classroom (Kounin, 1970; Gump, 1969; Doyle, 1977). In a study of beginning teachers, Doyle (Note 1) found that the most salient characteristics of the classroom environment for those teachers were: (1) multidimensionality, (2) simultaneity, and (3) unpredictability. Doyle explained that classrooms are multidimensional in that they serve a variety of purposes, not all of which are compatible. Classrooms are simultaneous in that significant events often occur at the same time rather than following each other in serial fashion. Unpredictability refers to the degree to which the complexity of ebb and flow in classroom events prevents the teacher from accurately predicting the outcome of a planned activity. By adding to these characteristics those of urgency and spontaneity or as Jackson (1968) refers to it "immediacy," the teaching environment is pictured as dominated by two features: complexity and unpredictability. In addition to characterizing the teaching environment, ecological studies acknowledge and emphasize the subtle, yet complex interdependencies between behavior and environment. The basic premise of ecological studies is that the environmental demands of the classroom both shape observed behavior and establish limits on the range of response options
The Stimulus-induced Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Munc18c Facilitates Vesicle Exocytosis*

Stimulus-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Munc18c was investigated as a potential regulatory mechanism by which the Munc18c-Syntaxin 4 complex can be dissociated in response to divergent stimuli in multiple cell types. Use of [32P]orthophosphate incorporation, pervanadate treatment, and phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies demonstrated that Munc18c underwent tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation was apparent under basal conditions, but levels were significantly increased within 5 min of glucose stimulation in MIN6 beta cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Munc18c was also detected in 3T3L1 adipocytes and increased with insulin stimulation, suggesting that this may be a conserved mechanism. Syntaxin 4 binding to Munc18c decreased as Munc18c phosphorylation levels increased in pervanadate-treated cells, suggesting that phosphorylation dissociates the Munc18c-Syntaxin 4 complex. Munc18c phosphorylation was localized to the N-terminal 255 residues. Mutagenesis of one residue in this region, Y219F, significantly increased the affinity of Munc18c for Syntaxin 4, whereas mutation of three other candidate sites was without effect. Moreover, Munc18c-Y219F expression in MIN6 cells functionally inhibited glucose-stimulated SNARE complex formation and insulin granule exocytosis. These data support a novel and conserved mechanism for the dissociation of Munc18c-Syntaxin 4 complexes in a stimulus-dependent manner to facilitate the increase in Syntaxin 4-VAMP2 association and to promote vesicle/granule fusion.
Observations on the use of cidofovir for BK virus infection in renal transplantation

In renal transplantation, BK virus infection can result in significant graft nephropathy and loss. While reduction in immunosuppression (IS) is considered standard therapy, adjunct agents may be warranted. Data are suggestive of a possible role of cidofovir for the management of BK. This study aims to describe the course of BK viremia (BKV) in a large cohort of renal transplant patients receiving adjunct cidofovir.
From Dynamic Condition Response Structures to Büchi Automata

Recently we have presented distributed dynamic condition response structures (DCR structures) as a declarative process model conservatively generalizing labelled event structures to allow for finite specifications of repeated, possibly infinite behavior. The key ideas are to split the causality relation of event structures in two dual relations: the condition relation and the response relation, to split the conflict relation in two relations: the dynamic exclusion and dynamic inclusion, and finally to allow configurations to be multi sets of events. In the present abstract we recall the model and show how to characterise the execution of DCR structures and the acceptance condition for infinite runs by giving a map to Bu ? chi-automata. This is the first step towards automatic verification of processes specified as DCR structures.
Expression and Characterization of (R)-Specific Enoyl Coenzyme A Hydratase Involved in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biosynthesis by Aeromonas caviae

ABSTRACT Complementation analysis of a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)-negative mutant of Aeromonas caviae proved that ORF3 in thepha locus (a 402-bp gene located downstream of the PHA synthase gene) participates in PHA biosynthesis on alkanoic acids, and the ORF3 gene is here referred to as phaJAc. Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) carryingphaJAc under the control of the T7 promoter overexpressed enoyl coenzyme A (enoyl-CoA) hydratase, which was purified by one-step anion-exchange chromatography. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified hydratase corresponded to the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence ofphaJAc except for the initial Met residue. The enoyl-CoA hydratase encoded by phaJAc exhibited (R)-specific hydration activity towardtrans-2-enoyl-CoA with four to six carbon atoms. These results have demonstrated that (R)-specific hydration of 2-enoyl-CoA catalyzed by the translated product ofphaJAc is a channeling pathway for supplying (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA monomer units from fatty acid β-oxidation to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) biosynthesis in A. caviae.
Virtual Objects on Real Oceans

Augmented Reality (AR) aims to provide means to integrate virtual objects in a real scene. In that context it is often necessary to recover geometrical information such as objects shapes from the scene in order to add new objects. This paper proposes a semiautomatic method to reconstruct the surface of the ocean from a real ocean scene. A detection algorithm is applied to identify significant waves crestlines. A virtual ocean is then reconstructed using Gerstner model; its parameters are inferred and adjusted by the user to match the crestlines and to provide a smooth reconstruction between adjacent waves. An application is presented to insert a virtual object in the real ocean scene that computes correct occlusions between the ocean surface and the object and uses OpenGL for real-time rendering
Peritoneal Dialysis—Taking the Lead to Promote Health Literacy

There is a growing interest in supported self-care across a range of long-term conditions because of the opportunity it provides for high quality care to be achieved while optimizing effective use of health care resources. Clearly, this requires patient training to improve understanding of the medical condition and its management. This lies at the heart of personcentered care, which also includes additional components such as treating individuals with dignity, compassion, and respect. These concepts are reviewed in a recent report from the Health Foundation (1). Of course, practitioners of peritoneal dialysis (PD) have long recognized the contribution that patient education makes to the delivery of high quality health care. In this issue of Peritoneal Dialysis International, Deepika Jain and colleagues, from Pittsburgh, present a small study of patients on PD in which they investigate health literacy (HL), defined as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions” (2). Using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine questionnaire at initiation of therapy, they identified 6 of 32 patients with scores compatible with limited HL. During 1 year of follow-up, no association was identified between HL and the occurrence of PD-related infections or hospitalization. The authors observe that their results differ from a large study using the same questionnaire in center-based hemodialysis patients, where low HL was associated with poorer outcomes (3). The Pittsburgh investigators hypothesize that the difference lies in the impact of the rigorous 5-day training program that their PD patients receive. Of course, as the authors readily admit, their study was small and statistically underpowered. The potential for patient education to increase HL and improve outcomes needs to be explored in larger studies. A tangible example of the value of this approach comes from a study previously published in this journal demonstrating the impact of targeted patient training to reduce the frequency of peritonitis (4). This is also the subject of the ongoing Prevention of Peritonitis in Peritoneal dialysis study (PEPS) (NCT01293799, Chief Investigator Dr. Susanne Ljungman (Sweden)). The International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD, www.ispd.org) is mandated to enhance the knowledge of PD amongst nephrology practitioners, trainees, and patients worldwide through its education committee. The ISPD website hosts important materials including an online course entitled “Teaching nurses to teach peritoneal dialysis training,” developed with the University of Pittsburgh. Although structured patient education is the norm in PD, this is not consistently the case in many long-term conditions. Its routine incorporation into health care requires significant cultural change for health care professionals and patients alike, underlining the importance of the work that the ISPD is doing.
Achievement goals and discrete achievement emotions : A theoretical model and prospective test

A theoretical model linking achievement goals to discrete achievement emotions is proposed. The model posits relations between the goals of the trichotomous achievement goal framework and 8 commonly experienced achievement emotions organized in a 2 (activity/outcome focus) × 2 (positive/negative valence) taxonomy. Two prospective studies tested the model in German and American college classrooms. The results were largely in line with the hypotheses. Mastery goals were positive predictors of enjoyment of learning, hope, and pride and were negative predictors of boredom and anger. Performance-approach goals were positive predictors of pride, whereas performance-avoidance goals were positive predictors of anxiety, hopelessness, and shame. The results were consistent across studies and robust when controlled for gender, GPA, social desirability, temperament, and competence expectancy. The research is discussed with regard to the underdeveloped literature on achievement emotions and with regard to the motivation and emotion research domains more broadly.
Biological invasions: the case of planorbid snails

Abstract A large number of planorbid snails are now commonly transported by man mainly through the aquatic plant trade. However, only a restricted number of species establish viable populations in a new habitat and a more restricted number spread. Only five planorbid species can be ranked in this last category and can be considered as pests because of their role in the transmission of parasites to humans or domestic animals: Biomphalaria glabrata, B. straminea, B. tenagophila, B. pfeifferi and Indoplanorbis exustus. The neotropical B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. tenagophila have proven their capacity to invade another continent sometimes creating new transmission foci. The African B. pfeifferi and the Indian I. exustus have also expanded their distribution area with long-distance dispersal. Other planorbid species, i.e. Helisoma duryi, Amerianna carinata and Gyraulus spp. have been able to establish viable populations, but not to spread, presumably because they are limited to specific habitats or/and display poor competitive abilities.
Women and Minorities in School Administration

This article describes two new forms of employment discrimination that can be found at the informal job contact level and suggests that the use of informal job contacts continues to be a major employment barrier for women and people of color. The study is revealing in a number of other ways important to researchers interested in women's issues. One finding, for example, is that no statistically significant differences exist between White women, African-American women, and men in how they learn about job opportunities. However, when the job search behavior of women and Blacks is compared to that of White males, statistically significant differences can be found between the two groups.
Soluble CD14 acts as a shuttle in the neutralization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by LPS-binding protein and reconstituted high density lipoprotein

We have recently shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP) is a lipid transfer protein that catalyzes two distinct reactions: movement of bacterial LPS (endotoxin) from LPS micelles to soluble CD14 (sCD14) and movement of LPS from micelles to reconstituted high density lipoprotein (R-HDL) particles. Here we show that LBP facilitates a third lipid transfer reaction: movement of LPS from LPS- sCD14 complexes to R-HDL particles. This action of LBP is catalytic, with one molecule of LBP enabling the movement of multiple LPS molecules into R-HDL. LBP-catalyzed movement of LPS from LPS-sCD14 complexes to R-HDL neutralizes the capacity of LPS to stimulate polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Our findings show that LPS may be transferred to R-HDL either by the direct action of LBP or by a two- step reaction in which LPS is first transferred to sCD14 and subsequently to R-HDL. We have observed that the two-step pathway of LPS transfer to R-HDL is strongly favored over direct transfer. Neutralization of LPS by LBP and R-HDL was accelerated more than 30- fold by addition of sCD14. Several observations suggest that sCD14 accelerates this reaction by serving as a shuttle for LPS: addition of LBP and sCD14 to LPS micelles resulted in LPS-sCD14 complexes that could diffuse through a 100-kD cutoff filter; LPS-sCD14 complexes appeared transiently during movement of LPS to R-HDL facilitated by purified LBP; and sCD14 could facilitate transfer of LPS to R-HDL without becoming part of the final LPS-R-HDL complex. Complexes of LPS and sCD14 were formed transiently when LPS was incubated in plasma, suggesting that these complexes may play a role as intermediates in the neutralization of LPS under physiological conditions. These findings detail a new activity for sCD14 and suggest a novel mechanism for lipid transfer by LBP.
Stem cell therapy for retinal disease

Purpose of review Stem cell therapy holds great promise for the treatment of retinal diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in stem cell biology, outlines ongoing clinical trials and details the obstacles that must be overcome for stem cell therapy to be a viable treatment for retinal disease. Recent findings Stem cells can now be directed to specific retinal cell fates with high yields and acceptable purity for clinical trials. New stem cell sources have been discovered including induced pluripotent stem cells that can be derived from adult tissues then differentiated into multiple retinal cell types. The initial results of clinical trials of subretinal transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells in patients with Stargardt's macular dystrophy and dry age-related macular degeneration showed preliminary safety and possible visual acuity benefits. A phase I trial of intravitreally injected autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells for hereditary retinal dystrophy demonstrated no evidence of toxicity with possible visual acuity benefits but no structural or functional changes. Ongoing trials are examining the trophic effects of undifferentiated umbilical cells for the treatment of geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration. Summary Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment under active investigation in multiple retinal diseases. Ongoing clinical trials should yield further insights into the potential for stem cell-based retinal therapies.
Learning prosody and fluency characteristics of second language speech: The effect of experience on child learners' acquisition of five suprasegmentals

This study examined second language (L2) experience effects on children's acquisition of fluency-(speech rate, frequency, and duration of pausing) and prosody-based (stress timing, peak alignment) suprasegmentals. Twenty Korean children (age of arrival in the United States = 7–11 years, length of US residence = 1 vs. 11 years) and 20 age-matched English monolinguals produced six English sentences in a sentence repetition task. Acoustic analyses and listener judgments were used to determine how accurately the suprasegmentals were produced and to what extent they contributed to foreign accent. Results indicated that the children with 11 years of US residence, unlike those with 1 year of US residence, produced all but one (speech rate) suprasegmentals natively. Overall, findings revealed similarities between L2 segmental and suprasegmental learning.
Rewarding my Self. The role of Self Esteem and Self Determination in Motivation Crowding Theory

The paper aims to reconcile different explanations (and consequences) of the motivation crowding theory in a unique theoretical framework where the locus of control is introduced in a one period maximisation problem and the intrinsic motivation is assumed as an exogenous psychological attitude. The analysis is based on the distinction among different types of objectives of the intrinsic motivation. For each type of objective, the different role of self esteem and self determination mechanisms determine different conditions for crowding out of intrinsic motivation, depending on the self determination sensitivity, its impact on the motivated good and the individual belief about one’s own self.
Testosterone Supplementation Therapy for Older Men: Potential Benefits and Risks

Serum testosterone levels decline gradually and progressively with aging in men. Many manifestations associated with aging in men, including muscle atrophy and weakness, osteoporosis, reduced sexual functioning, and increased fat mass, are similar to changes associated with testosterone deficiency in young men. These similarities suggest that testosterone supplementation may prevent or reverse the effects of aging. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify studies of testosterone supplementation therapy in older men. A structured, qualitative review was performed of placebo‐controlled trials that included men aged 60 and older and evaluated one or more physical, cognitive, affective, functional, or quality‐of‐life outcomes. Studies focusing on patients with severe systemic diseases and hormone deficiencies related to specific diseases were excluded.
Improved measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance at Daya Bay

We report an improved measurement of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. We exclude a zero value for sin22θ13 with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations. Electron antineutrinos from six reactors of 2.9 GWth were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baselines of 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. Using 139 days of data, 28909 (205308) electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to the expected number of antineutrinos assuming no oscillations at the far hall is 0.944±0.007(stat.)±0.003(syst.). An analysis of the relative rates in six detectors finds sin22θ13=0.089±0.010(stat.)±0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework.
A Review of the Literature about Depression in Late Life among Hispanics in the United States

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with devastating effects on the older Hispanic population. This review synthesizes the research on depression among older Hispanics in the United States to educate and provide direction for further research and practice. A literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was conducted. Article titles, abstracts, and texts of articles were scanned for those that met the inclusion criteria for this review. Inclusion criteria included the following: research studies published between 2000 and 2012; studies published in the English language; studies about depression that included older Hispanics (50 years old and older) who resided in the United States; and studies about depression, acculturation, and other associated stressors that may contribute to depression in this population. The results of this review indicate that acculturation, associated stressors, health-related factors, and psychosocial factors may have a negative impact on older Hispanics’ mental health. More research is needed to further explore Hispanics’ perceptions and experiences of depression as well as the cultural dimensions of Hispanic depression. The cultural formulation can be a useful framework for assessment, prevention, and treatment of older Hispanics with depression. Knowledge regarding depression and what causes it can lead to better assessment practices, early detection, and culturally sensitive interventions, care and services.
On Color Image Quality Assessment Using Natural Image Statistics

Color distortion can introduce a significant damage in visual quality perception, however, most of existing reduced-reference quality measures are designed for gray scale images. In this paper, we consider a basic extension of well-known image-statistics based quality assessment measures to color images. In order to evaluate the impact of color information on the measures efficiency, two color spaces are investigated: RGB and CIELAB. Results of an extensive evaluation using TID 2013 benchmark demonstrates that significant improvement can be achieved for a great number of distortion type when the CIELAB color representation is used.