Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geography versus brands in a global wine market

Producer brands increasingly dominate global wine markets, while generic advertising promotes regionality and exports (e.g., Australia, Spain). We analyze U.S. price data and quality indicators for 24 wine regions within 11 countries using a hedonic model. We assess the value of producer brands vs. geographical indicators, defining an indicator for high, average, and low quality producers (brands) within a region based on relative peer performance, i.e., whether they consistently produce qualities above or below their regional average. In contrast to high quality producers from France and Italy, their counterparts from the New World never exceed prices for high quality Napa Valley brands. Thus, New World wine still has to catch up with the Old World in terms of regional reputation, but leading brands are able to pick up much of the price differential. Generic promotions, export quality controls, and regional quality leaders emphasizing origin in their own marketing may level the playing field for laggard regions. lEconLit citations: D400, Q130, L140r. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 22: 363-374, 2006.
Microstructure and Seasonality in the UK Equity Market

This paper explores seasonality in the UK stock market. It examines the impact of alternative company year-ends on returns as well as seasonality in bid-ask spreads and trading activity variables including volume, number and size of trades. Consistent with the evidence elsewhere, seasonal variation in stock returns and trading activity is established although there is little evidence of a seasonal pattern in relative bid-ask spreads. Trading rules based on the seasonal patterns do not suggest that seasonality can be exploited to earn excess profits.
The attractiveness of the seemingly unattractive: An Israeli case

The aim of this article is to analyse what makes local government in Israel, which enjoys only minimal formal power, so attractive to many political parties and other organisations. The article offers a typology of the contestants in the local government electoral arena: old parties, parties attempting to penetrate local government from parliament and parties using local government to enter parliament. The primary goal of every type is then identified: party formation, institutionalisation and survival. From this typology an explanatory model is developed which looks at the local government as a ‘linkage agent’ from which the national parties can mobilise various important resources thus achieving their primary goals.
Prenatal screening and diagnosis of neural tube defects

This review article discusses prenatal screening and diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTD). High detection rates occur in countries operating ultrasound screening programmes because classical two‐dimensional ultrasound cranial signs (lemon shaped head, banana cerebellum, ventriculomegaly) are important diagnostic clues to the presence of spina bifida. Careful evaluation of both the spine and a search for other abnormalities is warranted. Important prognostic information for spina bifida relates to the lesion level, with a “watershed” between L3 and L4 marking a very high chance of being wheelchair bound with the higher lesions. Three‐dimensional ultrasound using multiplanar views can achieve diagnostic accuracy within one vertebral body in around 80% of patients. There are high rates of pregnancy termination for spina bifida in many European countries, but the use of new imagining techniques allow better prediction of outcome, and consequently a refinement of prenatal counselling. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the β-lactam type molecular scaffold for selective estrogen receptor α modulator action: synthesis and cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

Abstract The estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) which are ligand inducible nuclear receptors are recognized as pharmaceutical targets for diseases such as osteoporosis and breast cancer. There is an increasing interest in the discovery of subtype Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs). A series of novel β-lactam compounds with estrogen receptor modulator properties have been synthesized. The antiproliferative effects of these compounds on human MCF-7 breast tumor cells are reported, together with binding affinity for the ERα and ERβ receptors. The most potent compound 15g demonstrated antiproliferative effects on MCF-7 breast tumor cells (IC50 = 186 nM) and ERα binding (IC50 = 4.3 nM) with 75-fold ERα/β receptor binding selectivity. The effect of positioning of the characteristic amine containing substituted aryl ring (on C-4 or N-1 of the β-lactam scaffold) on the antiproliferative activity and ER-binding properties of the β-lactam compounds is rationalized in a molecular modeling study.
Significance of Serotonin Transporter Gene 5-HTTLPR and Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Polymorphism in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and polymorphism of the two regions of the 5-HTT gene [variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and 5-HTTLRR] in a sample of Turkish children. Using the PCR technique, these polymorphisms were assessed in 71 patients with ADHD and 128 healthy controls. The 5-HTTLPR S/S genotype was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls (p = 0.018). Homozygous and heterozygous L variant predominated in the ADHD group. But the VNTR STin2.12/12 genotype was significantly less found in the patients than in the controls (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the frequency of the short (S), long, 10, and 12 alleles of both groups. The lack of an S/S variant of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the STin2.12/12 variant of VNTR polymorphism appears to be associated with an increased risk of ADHD.
Management of fetal growth restriction

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is challenging because of the difficulties in reaching a definitive diagnosis of the cause and planning management. FGR is associated not only with a marked increased risk in perinatal mortality and morbidity but also with long-term outcome risks. Combinations of fetal biometry, amniotic fluid volume, heart rate patterns, arterial and venous Doppler, and biophysical variables allow a comprehensive fetal evaluation of FGR. However, no evidence supports that the use of cardiotocography or the biophysical profile improves perinatal outcome. Therefore, obstetricians aim to identify fetuses with early FGR so delivery can be planned according to gestational age and severity of the condition. The balance of risks and the need for the availability of services mean that the involvement of neonatologists in FGR management is vital. In this review, the focus is on the pathophysiology and management of FGR caused by placental diseases.
Deregulation of Glucose Transporter 1 and Glycolytic Gene Expression by c-Myc*

Unlike normal mammalian cells, which use oxygen to generate energy, cancer cells rely on glycolysis for energy and are therefore less dependent on oxygen. We previously observed that the c-Myc oncogenic transcription factor regulates lactate dehydrogenase A and induces lactate overproduction. We, therefore, sought to determine whether c-Myc controls other genes regulating glucose metabolism. In Rat1a fibroblasts and murine livers overexpressing c-Myc, the mRNA levels of the glucose transporter GLUT1, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate kinase, and enolase were elevated. c-Myc directly transactivates genes encoding GLUT1, phosphofructokinase, and enolase and increases glucose uptake in Rat1 fibroblasts. Nuclear run-on studies confirmed that the GLUT1 transcriptional rate is elevated by c-Myc. Our findings suggest that overexpression of the c-Myc oncoprotein deregulates glycolysis through the activation of several components of the glucose metabolic pathway.
Medium Effects on Zwitterionic‐Biradicaloid Intermediates from Two Phenyl‐‐α‐oxoamides. Irradiations in Fluid and Solid Protic Media, Neat Solid Phases, and the Solid, Smectic and Isotropic Phases of a Completely Saturated Phosphonium Salt at Different Temperatures †

The photochemical processes of two N,N‐dialkyl phenyl‐α‐oxoamides, N,N‐diisopropyl phenyl‐α‐oxoamide (1) and N,N‐dibenzyl phenyl‐α‐oxoamide (2), are investigated at different temperatures in methanol and ethylene glycol (to probe the influences of H‐bonding and viscosity), in the solid phase of d‐sorbitol at room temperature (to compare with the results in the liquid alcohols and to assess the influence of a poorly organized “stiff” environment), in the neat solid phase (to probe the influence of well‐ordered, “stiff” matrices), and in the solid, smectic A2 and isotropic phases of methyl‐tris‐tetradecylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate (1P14BF4) (to assess the ability of the intermediates to respond to subtle changes in the order and polarity of their local environments). From differences between the activation parameters for product pathways from irradiations in methanol and in 1P14BF4, we conclude that the zwitterionic pre‐product intermediate from 1 is much more sensitive to the polarity, viscosity and order of its local environment than is the isomeric pre‐product biradicaloid intermediate or either of the pre‐product intermediates from 2. A very sensitive balance among the medium parameters, as well as internal steric and electronic factors of 1 and 2, controls the reactive pathways of the photochemically generated intermediates.
Multiple Conformations in the Ligand-binding Site of the Yeast Nuclear Pore-targeting Domain of Nup116p*

The yeast nucleoporin Nup116p plays an important role in mRNA export and protein transport. We have determined the solution structure of the C-terminal 147 residues of this protein, the region responsible for targeting the protein to the nuclear pore complex (NPC). The structure of Nup116p-C consists of a large β-sheet sandwiched against a smaller one, flanked on both sides by α-helical stretches, similar to the structure of its human homolog, NUP98. In unliganded form, Nup116p-C exhibits evidence of exchange among multiple conformations, raising the intriguing possibility that it may adopt distinct conformations when bound to different partners in the NPC. We have additionally shown that a peptide from the N terminus of the nucleoporin Nup145p-C binds Nup116p-C. This previously unknown interaction may explain the unusual asymmetric localization pattern of Nup116p in the NPC. Strikingly, the exchange phenomenon observed in the unbound state is greatly reduced in the corresponding spectra of peptide-bound Nup116p-C, suggesting that the binding interaction stabilizes the domain conformation. This study offers a high resolution view of a yeast nucleoporin structural domain and may provide insights into NPC architecture and function.
Institutional Context, Organizational Resources and Strategic Choices

Drawing on a survey of 800 business associations, the article seeks to explain why interest groups lobby the EU institutions and what groups maintain contacts with them. Rooted in organizational theory, it argues that four main dimensions influence access patterns — institutional context, resource dependencies, interest group organization, and strategic choices. The empirical analysis demonstrates that all dimensions are relevant. Nonetheless, contacts between EU policy-makers and interest groups display only a few general traits: they are shaped by the political mobilization of groups in response to EU regulation, the division of labour among EU and national associations and the importance of organizational resources. Beyond these general influences, the interactions vary profoundly in the segmented institutional context.
Social Anxiety and Self-Evaluation of Social Performance in a Nonclinical Sample of Children

In an investigation of socially anxious children's social behavior and self-evaluation, 28 high socially anxious and 28 low socially anxious children, ages 11 to 13 years, appraised their performance before and after participating in a role-play task. Half of the children were given video feedback prior to giving their posttask self-evaluations. High socially anxious children anticipated poorer performance on the role-play task, and some group differences in observed social performance were evident. Self-evaluations from video feedback only improved for the high socially anxious children who displayed more eye contact, gave longer verbal responses, and used more constructive verbal strategies in the role-play scenarios.
Performance measures, managerial practices and manufacturing technologies in Japanese manufacturing firms: state-of-the-art

Evidence permeates the literature on the increasing use of non-financial performance measures in organisations. However, academics and researchers should be interested in considering the factors that affect managers' decisions to use non-financial performance measures in their organisations. This paper is a part of ongoing international research comparative studies aiming at exploring associations between the use and importance of Shop-Floor Non-Financial Performance Measures (SFNFPMs) in manufacturing firms and a range of technological, managerial, organisational and environmental factors. These comparative studies also aim at developing a framework for a causal SFNFPMs scorecard in work in manufacturing firms. The core issue of this paper is to present summary statistics of research responses from surveying over 1115 Japanese manufacturing firms as part of the ongoing international research studies. These summary statistics cover the level of existence and importance of some SFNFPMs in use in Japanese manufacturing firms and the level/extent of application of the above various factors.
Democracy and disorder : protest and politics in Italy, 1965-1975

Part 1 Parabolas of protest: the sources of protest the repertoire of contention actors, enemies and the State claims and counterclaims. Part 2 Movements and institutions: the student movement the workers' movement the oldest new movement. Part 3 Organizers and movements: the extraparliamentary groups - diffusion, organization, competition from organization to movements - the case of Potere Operaio Toscano from movement to party - the case of Lotta Continua. Part 4 Outcomes: violence and institutionalization disorder and democracy. Appendices: protest event protocol enumeration and coding procedures.
Chiquita Brands and the banana business: brands and labour relations transformations

This paper reports the results of research investigating the evolution of environmentally and socially responsible strategies and practices within the banana industry. An historical overview of a major multinational banana company, Chiquita Brands Int., provides context for the research. Chiquita Brands has been involved in political, environmental, legal and labor controversies in many parts of the world. In Latin America, Chiquita Brands has attracted more attention than any other foreign company and is seen by many as the archetypical representative of United States imperialism. Over a considerable period of time, Chiquita Brands has adopted a succession of structural changes aiming to “clean the past” including innovative corporate social behaviours and building alliances with NGOs such as trade unions and community organizations. Since its bankruptcy in 2001, Chiquita Brands International has adopted a strategy of environmental and social responsibility, has been certified internationally by the Rainforest Alliance and has met Social Accountability International SA 8000 labour standards. The length of time and geographical scale over which the various structural changes have taken place and the high public profile of Chiquita Brands make the results of this case study of general significance.
Collective-Consumption Services of Individual-Consumption Goods

Certain commodities of a pure individual-consumption variety also possess characteristics of a pure collective-consumption good, 471. — In certain cases when individual-consumption goods cannot be provided profitably by private enterprise, it may serve the social welfare to subsidize their production, 474. — Conclusion, 476.
UMA ANÁLISE DA CRISE FINANCEIRA AMERICANA E DE SUAS REPERCUSSÕES PARA A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA

Using the Keynes's (1936) cycle theory and the recent studies of Aglietta (2007 e 2008), this article analyses the American financial crisis process and its repercussions in Brazilian economy. The fundamental hypothesis is that to understand the crisis process is important to consider the structural characteristics of the American growth regime (functioning pattern of banking and financial system, the mechanisms determining the effective demand, etc) and the conjectural characteristics witch reflect the use of the economy policy in the more global framework describing the international economy transformations. The financial crisis analysed via the "financial cycle" concept, reveals thus the interdependency between the indebtedness household process, the dynamic of mortgage consumption and demand and the evolution of financial asset price. This analytical framework leads to the conclusion that the origin of financial crisis resides in a structural and fundamental problem attributed to the income repartition or more exactly, to the position relatively restricted conceded to employment and wage labour relations in the financialized growth regime. The condition of transmission of the American financial crisis to Brazilian economy should not be underestimated. If the scenario of a banking systemic crisis caused by a insufficiency/shortage of liquidity, as described Aglietta (2008) appears improbable, considering the patrimonial sheet of Brazilian banks and their functioning pattern, the scenarios of exchange rate crisis and economic recession (and all its social effects) no must be neglected.
The Political Economy of Public Investment

The political distortions in public investment projects are investigated within the context of a bipartisan political economy framework. The role of scrapping and modifying projects of previous governments receives special attention. The party in government has an incentive to overspend on large ideological public investment projects in order to bind the hands of its successor. This leads to a bias for excessive debt, especially if the probability of being removed from office is large. These political distortions have implications for the appropriate format of a fiscal rule. A deficit rule, like the Stability and Growth Pact, mitigates the overspending bias in ideological investment projects and improves social welfare. The optimal second-best restriction on public debt exceeds the level of public debt that would prevail under the socially optimal outcome. Social welfare may be boosted even more by appropriate investment restrictions: with a restriction on (future) investment in ideological projects, the current government perceives a large benefit of a debt reduction. However, debt and investment restrictions are not needed if investment projects only have a financial return.
Internalized Homonegativity, Sense of Belonging, and Depressive Symptoms Among Australian Gay Men

ABSTRACT Internalized homonegativity has been directly linked to depression among gay men. The aim of the study was to test whether internalized homonegativity is indirectly related to depressive symptoms via a sense of belonging to the broad gay community, gay groups, gay friends, and the general community. A sample of 246 self-identified Australian gay men, aged 18–82 years, completed the Internalized Homophobia Scale, the Psychological subscale of the Sense of Belonging Instrument, the Sense of Belonging Within Gay Communities Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Results indicated that the final model was an excellent fit to the data. Internalized homonegativity was indirectly related to depressive symptoms via sense of belonging to gay groups, with gay friends, and to the general community. Interventions aimed at reducing internalized homonegativity among gay men have the potential to enhance sense of belonging and, in turn, decrease depressive symptoms.
TOWARDS AN ECONOMIC APPROACH FOR STUDYING OF DIVORCES IN MACEDONIA

This paper examines the impact of trends in female labor force participation on crude divorce rate in Macedonia for the period from 1996 to 2013 in the context of a broader examination of the relationship between the economic factors and their effects and the risk of divorce. In light of the changing demographics of divorce patterns, we investigate the relationship between economic variables and divorce, controlling for a set of social and life course variables.The analyses was conducted using an econometric simultaneous equation model (SEM) and 2SLS method. The results indicated that there is simultaneous relationship between the mean age at first marriage for women, female labor force participation and the crude divorce rate. We find that factors that improve financial stability are positively associated with divorce trends. Understanding the effects of female labor force participation is therefore important to explain divorce trends.Our results suggest that the influence of the t he unemployment elasticity and Consumer price index elasticity on divorce have declined and almost and disappeared. We also find that a range of other social and life course factors are also important to be considered relevant whether or not a person divorces.
Towards automated robot-based nanohandling

One of the key challenges of microsystem- and nanotechnologies is the automation of robot-based nanomanipulation. However, there is limited sensor feedback due to lack of appropriate sensors. Sensor feedback is required for repeatable actuator movements from macro- down to the nanoscale. This complicates the design of reliable automation processes. In this paper, the development of an automated robot-based toolbox for cell injection and handling is presented. This toolbox includes several sensor methods, bridging several orders of magnitude as feedback for automation. A non-linear support vector machine (SVM) is applied for classification of the viability of cells as feedback for quality control. A visual servoing algorithm for position tracking of the injection needle as well as an injection force sensor have been developed. First automation results and the control system are explained.
THE IMPOSIBLE SUSTAINABILITY: APPLICATIONS OF RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN TOURISM FIELDS

This short essays review aims to trigger a hot debate within the circle of sustainable studies. The concept of global warming as originally was formulated by expertise, or climate change paved the ways for the most important industrial countries to hear the eco-friendly paradigm. In terms of the senior sociologists, J Broswimmer (2002), what humankind is doing with the planet only has a name, ecocide. Recently, interesting studies emphasized on the needs to change the current source of energy to mitigate the effects of climate change such as hurricanes, typhoons and extreme weather. However, to what an extent the current sustainable project may backfire is only a question of time. In this text we explain why.
Factor Analysis-based Performance Evaluation of Listed Companes in Petroleum Industry of China

In this paper, authors select 13 listed companies in the petroleum industry, and make an empirical analysis of their financial indexes in the year 2009 by SPSS, according to the factor analysis method in multivariate statistical analysis. Authors further establish a model that reflects composite scores of companies based on financial data, rank these companies according to their overall competitiveness, and analyze and evaluate their business performances.