Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CYP2C9*1B Promoter Polymorphisms, in Linkage with CYP2C19*2, Affect Phenytoin Autoinduction of Clearance and Maintenance Dose

The commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic range and wide interindividual variability in clearance explained in part by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 coding variants. After finding a paradoxically low urinary phenytoin metabolite (S)/(R) ratio in subjects receiving phenytoin maintenance therapy with a CYP2C9*1/*1 and CYP2C19*1/*2 genotype, we hypothesized that CYP2C9 regulatory polymorphisms (rPMs), G-3089A and −2663delTG, in linkage disequilibrium with CYP2C19*2 were responsible. These rPMs explained as much as 10% of the variation in phenytoin maintenance dose in epileptic patients, but were not correlated with other patients' warfarin dose requirements or with phenytoin metabolite ratio in human liver microsomes. We hypothesized the rPMs affected CYP2C9 induction by phenytoin, a pregnane X receptor (PXR), and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) activator. Transfection studies showed that CYP2C9 reporters with wild-type versus variant alleles had similar basal activity but significantly greater phenytoin induction by cotransfected PXR, CAR, and Nrf2 and less Yin Yang 1 transcription factor repression. Phenytoin induction of CYP2C9 was greater in human hepatocytes with the CYP2C9 wild type versus variant haplotype. Therefore, CYP2C9 rPMs affect phenytoin-dependent induction of CYP2C9 and phenytoin metabolism in humans, with an effect size comparable with that for CYP2C9*2 and 2C9*3. These findings may also be relevant to the clinical use of other PXR, CAR, and Nrf2 activators.
Robust High Resolution Time of Arrival Estimation for Indoor WLAN Ranging

This paper proposes a novel robust high resolution time of arrival (TOA) estimation method for IEEE 802.11g/n range estimation in indoor environments. The algorithm identifies the TOA of ranging symbols by means of baseband signal processing using a single 802.11 channel. A subsample signal model provides high timing resolution. The CLEAN deconvolution algorithm, coupled with a parameter optimization step, provides robustness to multipath. Two ranging symbols are investigated: the 802.11 standard long training sequence and an impulsive symbol. In real-world wireless line of sight experiments, at ranges of up to 25 m, the method when applied to impulsive symbols was found to provide median ranging errors of 0.34 and 0.93 m with directional and omnidirectional antennas, respectively.
Growth Response of New Zealand White Rabbits to Dietary Probiotic and Vitamin C under Tropical Humid Climate

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementing Lactobacillus casei and vitamin C on growth performance of New Zealand White rabbits affected by heat stress during summer seasons between March and May in Kerala state, India. Twenty four two month old rabbits (average body weight 0.91kg) were distributed to four groups of six rabbits each. The treatments were control group (C) fed basal diet alone, L group fed basal diet along with Lactobacillus casei (106 colony forming units per g of feed), V group fed basal diet along with ascorbic acid (200 mg per kg feed), and LV group fed basal diet along with L. casei and ascorbic acid at the same rate as in V and L. The Temperature humidity index (THI) values in the rabbitry and rabbit fecal cortisol values (n=6 per group) were estimated to assess the heat stress level in rabbits. As per THI values, animals were exposed to stress (THI > 27.8) in the afternoon hours during the entire experimental period. The V, L and VL rabbits had lower mean cortisol level than control during the period of very severe and severe heat stress (1-9th experimental week- March and April). The groups did not differ for body weights during the period of very severe and severe heat stress (March and April). The V, L and VL rabbits had similar 21 week final weights but those of the L and VL rabbits were 25.52% and 32.29% higher than the control. The rabbits in the V, L and VL group showed 38.51%, 49.19% and 61.13% (P 0.05) the overall feed intake. Cost of production (Rupees) per kilogram live weight on feed basis was lowest for VL animals followed by L and V animals respectively.
SGDL-Scheme : a high level algorithmic language for projective solid modeling programming

The SGDL/Scheme language, which is an absolutely pure functional language for volume programming, is a geometric extension of Scheme. It achieves a natural integration of the notions of volume and programming in a powerful algorithmic system. This capability of phrasing volume expressions by way of arithmetic expressions is the foundation of this new solid modeling system.
The Frequency of Other Handicaps in Children with Cerebal Palsy

298 neurologically handicapped children were comprehensively assessed at a regional assessment centre during the first six months of 1970. The common clinical impression of a high prevalence of multiple handicap in children with cerebral palsy was confirmed. Two previously unsuspected observations emerged. (1) When the prevalence of associated deficits, grand mal attacks, microcephaly, and a bad prenatal or perinatal history are analysed by type of cerebral palsy, it becomes evident that types fall into two main groups of motor abnormality, for the cases of spastic tetraplegia and of dystonic choreoathetoid tetraplegia show a much higher frequency of severe associated deficits (visual, auditory, motor and learning handicap) and of a bad prenatal and perinatal history than do cases of spastic hemiplegia, spastic diplegia and ataxic cerebral palsy. This finding may have significance for the aetiology of these various types of cerebral palsy. (2) Deafness does not commonly follow perinatal hypoxia and only does so when there are at least two other associated important deficits, suggesting that to produce deafness, perinatal hypoxia has to be of a relatively uncommon severity.
Effects of (p)ppGpp on the Progression of the Cell Cycle of Caulobacter crescentus

ABSTRACT Bacteria must control the progression of their cell cycle in response to nutrient availability. This regulation can be mediated by guanosine tetra- or pentaphosphate [(p)ppGpp], which are synthesized by enzymes of the RelA/SpoT homologue (Rsh) family, particularly under starvation conditions. Here, we study the effects of (p)ppGpp on the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus, an oligotrophic bacterium with a dimorphic life cycle. C. crescentus divides asymmetrically, producing a motile swarmer cell that cannot replicate its chromosome and a sessile stalked cell that is replication competent. The swarmer cell rapidly differentiates into a stalked cell in appropriate conditions. An artificial increase in the levels of (p)ppGpp in nonstarved C. crescentus cells was achieved by expressing a truncated relA gene from Escherichia coli, encoding a constitutively active (p)ppGpp synthetase. By combining single-cell microscopy, flow cytometry approaches, and swarming assays, we show that an increase in the intracellular concentration of (p)ppGpp is sufficient to slow down the swarmer-to-stalked cell differentiation process and to delay the initiation of chromosome replication. We also present evidence that the intracellular levels of two master regulators of the cell cycle of C. crescentus, DnaA and CtrA, are modulated in response to (p)ppGpp accumulation, even in the absence of actual starvation. CtrA proteolysis and DnaA synthesis seem indirectly inhibited by (p)ppGpp accumulation. By extending the life span of the motile nonreproductive swarmer cell and thus promoting dispersal and foraging functions over multiplication under starvation conditions, (p)ppGpp may play a central role in the ecological adaptation of C. crescentus to nutritional stresses.
Further Properties of Wireless Channel Capacity

Future wireless communication calls for exploration of more efficient use of wireless channel capacity to meet the increasing demand on higher data rate and less latency. However, while the ergodic capacity and instantaneous capacity of a wireless channel have been extensively studied, they are in many cases not sufficient for use in assessing if data transmission over the channel meets the quality of service (QoS) requirements. To address this limitation, we advocate a set of wireless channel capacity concepts, namely "cumulative capacity", "maximum cumulative capacity", "minimum cumulative capacity", and "range of cumulative capacity", and for each, study its properties by taking into consideration the impact of the underlying dependence structure of the corresponding stochastic process. Specifically, their cumulative distribution function (CDFs) are investigated extensively, where copula is adopted to express the dependence structures. Results considering both generic and specific dependence structures are derived. In particular, in addition to i.i. d. , a specially investigated dependence structure is comonotonicity, i.e, the time series of wireless channel capacity are increasing functions of a common random variable. Appealingly, copula can serve as a unifying technique for obtaining results under various dependence assumptions, e.g. i.i. d. and Markov dependence, which are widely seen in stochastic network calculus. Moreover, some other characterizations of cumulative capacity are also studied, including moment generating function, Mellin transform, and stochastic service curve. With these properties, we believe QoS assessment of data transmission over the channel can be further performed, e.g. by applying analytical techniques and results of the stochastic network calculus theory.
Unequal Sister Chromatid and Homolog Recombination at a Tandem Duplication of the a1 Locus in Maize

Tandemly arrayed duplicate genes are prevalent. The maize A1-b haplotype is a tandem duplication that consists of the components, α and β. The rate of meiotic unequal recombination at A1-b is ninefold higher when a homolog is present than when it is absent (i.e., hemizygote). When a sequence heterologous homolog is available, 94% of recombinants (264/281) are generated via recombination with the homolog rather than with the sister chromatid. In addition, 83% (220/264) of homolog recombination events involved α rather than β. These results indicate that: (1) the homolog is the preferred template for unequal recombination and (2) pairing of the duplicated segments with the homolog does not occur randomly but instead favors a particular configuration. The choice of recombination template (i.e., homolog vs. sister chromatid) affects the distribution of recombination breakpoints within a1. Rates of unequal recombination at A1-b are similar to the rate of recombination between nonduplicated a1 alleles. Unequal recombination is therefore common and is likely to be responsible for the generation of genetic variability, even within inbred lines.
Modulation of P‐glycoprotein activity by acridones and coumarins from Citrus sinensis

Bioguided fractionation of the roots of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) led to the isolation and identification of five coumarins, namely, clausarin, suberosin, poncitrin, xanthyletin and thamnosmonin, seven acridones, namely, acrimarine B, 2‐methoxycitpressine I, citpressine I, buntanine, acrimarine E, honyumine and acrimarine C, and one terpenoid, namely, limonin. Among these compounds, clausarin, 2‐methoxycitpressine I and acrimarine E inhibited P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux in K562/R7 human leukemic cells over‐expressing P‐glycoprotein. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An RNA Virome Associated to the Golden Orb-Weaver Spider Nephila clavipes

The golden orb-weaver spider Nephila clavipes, known for its sexual size dimorphism, is abundant and widespread in the New World. The first annotated genome of orb-weaver spiders, exploring N. clavipes, has recently been reported. The study, focused primarily on the diversity of silk specific genes, shed light into the complex evolutionary history of spiders. Furthermore, a robust transcriptome analysis provided a massive resource for N. clavipes RNA survey. Here, I present evidence of viral sequences corresponding to the first 10 extant virus species associated to N. clavipes and indeed, nephilids. The putatively new species are linked to ssRNA positive-strand viruses, such as Picornavirales, and to ssRNA negative-strand and dsRNA viruses. In addition, I detected sequence data of new strains of two recently reported arthropod viruses, which complemented and extended the corresponding sequence references. The identified viruses appear to be complete, potentially functional, and presenting the typical architecture and consistent viral domains. The intrinsic nature of the detected sequences and their absence in the recently generated genome assembly, suggest that they correspond to bona fide RNA virus sequences. The available RNA data allowed for the first time to address a tissue/organ specific analysis of virus loads/presence in spiders, suggesting a complex spatial and differential distribution of the tentative viruses, encompassing the spider brain and also silk and venom glands. Until recently, the virus landscape associated to spiders remained elusive. The discovered viruses described here provide only a fragmented glimpse of the potential magnitude of the Aranea virosphere. Future studies should focus not only on complementing and expanding these findings, but also on addressing the potential ecological role of these viruses, which might influence the biology of these outstanding arthropod species. Funding statement The author received no specific funding for this study. Ethics statements (Authors are required to state the ethical considerations of their study in the manuscript, including for cases where the study was exempt from ethical approval procedures)
Cost-effective backhaul design using hybrid radio/free-space optical technology

The deluge of date rate in today's networks poses a cost burden on the backhaul network design. Developing cost efficient backhaul solutions becomes an interesting, yet challenging, problem. Traditional technologies for backhaul networks include either radio-frequency backhauls (RF) or optical fibres (OF). While RF is a cost-effective solution as compared to OF, it supports lower data rate requirements. Another promising backhaul solution that may combine both a high data rate and a relatively low cost is the free-space optics (FSO). FSO, however, is sensitive to nature conditions (e.g., rain, fog, line-ofsight, etc.). A more reliable alternative is, therefore, to combine RF and FSO solutions through a hybrid structure called hybrid RF/FSO. Consider a backhaul network, where the base-stations (BS) can be connected to each other either via OF or hybrid RF/FSO backhaul links. The paper addresses the problem of minimizing the cost of backhaul planning under connectivity and data rates constraints, so as to choose the appropriate costeffective backhaul type between BSs (i.e., either OF or hybrid RF/FSO). The paper solves the problem using graph theory techniques by introducing the corresponding planning graph. It shows that under a specified realistic assumption about the cost of OF and hybrid RF/FSO links, the problem is equivalent to a maximum weight clique problem, which can be solved with moderate complexity. Simulation results show that our proposed solution shows a close-to-optimal performance, especially for practical prices of the hybrid RF/FSO.
On the impact of the prototype filter on FBMC sensitivity to time asynchronism

This paper investigates the impact of the prototype filter on the sensitivity of the FBMC system to timing synchronization errors. A global evaluation of the average error rate has been made for OFDM and two FBMC systems using PHYDYAS and IOTA prototype filters. This evaluation has been performed taking into account different parameters: the timing error range, the guard band length and the load factor of the network. The validity of the simulation results will be verified by comparison with those obtained with the analytical expressions.
Scattering effects in Silicon Nanowire Fin field effect transistor

The velocity of an electron traveling from the source to drain of a field effect transistor can be much degraded by scattering effects. The scattering effects eventually become dominant as the devices are scaled down to the nanometer regime. In this paper, we propose a current-voltage (I-V) model for a two-dimensional Silicon Nanowire FinFET (SNWFinFET) which considers the scattering mechanism effects as well. Based on our simulated model, a notable scattering effect is observed and the I-V characteristics are in good agreement with experimental data. To evaluate the model, three parameters, temperature, channel length and drain voltage, were varied; the variation of each parameter has a significant effect on the I-V characteristics. These simulation results provide insights helpful for implementing SNWFinFETs as future devices, especially for high speed applications.
Three Research Challenges at the Intersection of Machine Learning, Statistical Induction, and Systems

Recent research activity [2, 12, 27, 10, 1] has shown encouraging results for performance debugging and failure diagnosis and detection in systems by using approaches based on automatically inducing models and deriving correlations from observed data. We believe that maximizing the potential of this line of research will require surmounting some fundamental challenges arising not from the modeling techniques themselves, but specifically from the application of those techniques to real-world systems. We specifically formulate three challenges. First, as new data is collected from a system, previously-induced models must be continuously assessed and validated, with the ultimate aim of achieving online adaption to system changes. Second, human operators must be able to effectively interact with the models, including interpreting model findings to generate explanations, enabling human feedback to improve the models, and identifying false positives and missed detections. Third, it should be possible to formally manipulate "signatures" of system state as represented by these models, allowing us to query the system's past to identify recurring problems and manually annotate them with additional information. We contend that the specifics of this problem domain not only raise these challenges, but also provide the knowledge base from which to derive well-engineered solutions to them. We suggest some possible strategies for addressing each challenge and show how they arise in the context of a real example.
Echo State Property Linked to an Input: Exploring a Fundamental Characteristic of Recurrent Neural Networks

The echo state property is a key for the design and training of recurrent neural networks within the paradigm of reservoir computing. In intuitive terms, this is a passivity condition: a network having this property, when driven by an input signal, will become entrained by the input and develop an internal response signal. This excited internal dynamics can be seen as a high-dimensional, nonlinear, unique transform of the input with a rich memory content. This view has implications for understanding neural dynamics beyond the field of reservoir computing. Available definitions and theorems concerning the echo state property, however, are of little practical use because they do not relate the network response to temporal or statistical properties of the driving input. Here we present a new definition of the echo state property that directly connects it to such properties. We derive a fundamental 0-1 law: if the input comes from an ergodic source, the network response has the echo state property with probability one or zero, independent of the given network. Furthermore, we give a sufficient condition for the echo state property that connects statistical characteristics of the input to algebraic properties of the network connection matrix. The mathematical methods that we employ are freshly imported from the young field of nonautonomous dynamical systems theory. Since these methods are not yet well known in neural computation research, we introduce them in some detail. As a side story, we hope to demonstrate the eminent usefulness of these methods.
Phosphorylation of CLK2 at Serine 34 and Threonine 127 by AKT Controls Cell Survival after Ionizing Radiation*

AKT phosphorylates components of the intrinsic cell survival machinery and promotes survival to various stimuli. In the present study, we identified CDC-like kinase 2 (CLK2) as a new substrate of AKT activation and elucidated its role in cell survival to ionizing radiation. AKT directly binds to and phosphorylates CLK2 on serine 34 and threonine 127, in vitro and in vivo. CLK2 phosphorylation was detected in HeLa cells overexpressing active AKT. In addition, we demonstrated that ionizing radiation induces CLK2 phosphorylation via AKT activation. In contrast, the suppression of endogenous AKT expression by siRNA inhibited CLK2 phosphorylation in response to 2 gray of γ-ray or insulin. Furthermore, we examined the effect of CLK2 on the survival of irradiated CCD-18Lu cells overexpressing Myc-CLK2. CLK2 overexpression significantly increased cell growth and inhibited cell death induced by 2 gray. The role of CLK2 in cell survival to ionizing radiation was dependent on the phosphorylation of serine 34 and threonine 127. Our results suggest that AKT activation controls cell survival to ionizing radiation by phosphorylating CLK2, revealing an important regulatory mechanism required for promoting cell survival.
Towards a new camera model for X3D

Creating and setting the right parameters for the virtual camera is crucial for any content creation process. However, this is not easy since most current camera models, including the X3D Viewpoint, use a 3D position and orientation in 3D space to define the final visualized image. People use authoring tools or simple interactive navigation methods (e.g. "lookAt" or "showAll") to ease the process but at the end they still move a 6D (translation and rotation) camera beacon to get the final image. We thus propose a new X3D camera model, the CinematographicViewpoint node, which does not force the content creator to move the camera but allows the author to directly define what objects he would like to see on the screen. We borrow established techniques from the film area (e.g. rule of thirds and line of action) that allow defining objects and object-relations, which the camera model will use to automatically calculate the final transformation in space. The new camera model includes additionally a model for global visual effects (e.g. motion blur and depth of field), which allows incorporating classical film effects to real-time scenes. Both approaches combined allow content creators building visual results and camera movements that are closer to traditional filming much easier. The proposed approach also supports automatic camera movements that are bound to interactive content, which has not been possible before.
What are You Waiting to Invest? Long-Term Investment in Grid-Connected Residential Solar Energy in California. A Real Options Analysis.

The goal of this paper is to assess the optimal choice of a household in California, United States, in terms of their decision if and when to undertake a certain investment in a residential scale, grid-connected, solar photovoltaic system, in order to obtain savings in their monthly expenditures in electricity. This irreversible option is then defined, mainly, by the initial cost of the solar PV system. For this purpose, Real Options Analysis is deployed to assess this investment opportunity for the household. This approach allows determining not only whether the investments should be undertaken or not, but also the optimal timing to do so. Results show it is optimal for a Californian household to invest in a photovoltaic system, however, some delay might be advised depending on the energy production factor of specific areas, and the expected useful life of the equipment. Furthermore, government intervention influencing subsidies and energy prices has a major effect in the length of such delay.