Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining database structure; or, how to build a data quality browser

Data mining research typically assumes that the data to be analyzed has been identified, gathered, cleaned, and processed into a convenient form. While data mining tools greatly enhance the ability of the analyst to make data-driven discoveries, most of the time spent in performing an analysis is spent in data identification, gathering, cleaning and processing the data. Similarly, schema mapping tools have been developed to help automate the task of using legacy or federated data sources for a new purpose, but assume that the structure of the data sources is well understood. However the data sets to be federated may come from dozens of databases containing thousands of tables and tens of thousands of fields, with little reliable documentation about primary keys or foreign keys.We are developing a system, Bellman, which performs data mining on the structure of the database. In this paper, we present techniques for quickly identifying which fields have similar values, identifying join paths, estimating join directions and sizes, and identifying structures in the database. The results of the database structure mining allow the analyst to make sense of the database content. This information can be used to e.g., prepare data for data mining, find foreign key joins for schema mapping, or identify steps to be taken to prevent the database from collapsing under the weight of its complexity.
Impact force control based on stiffness ellipse method using biped robot equipped with biarticular muscles

This paper introduces the control method for the impact force based on feed-forward control considering the stiffness ellipse of a biped robot. Assuming dynamic motion, such as jumping and running, the jumping direction depends on the dynamics in response to the ground reaction force. Therefore, it is necessary to control the ground reaction force in order to stabilize the system. However, control of the ground reaction force involves a fundamental problem: feedback control does not work properly against the impact force owing to the control bandwidth limitation. This study introduces a method for the stiffness ellipse control utilizing three antagonist pairs of six pneumatic artificial muscles. When the tip of the biped robot makes contact with the ground, an external force is induced in the direction that has lower stiffness. By utilizing this property of the stiffness ellipse, it is possible to control the ground reaction force by feed-forward control, which is not dependent on the control bandwidth. The results of several experiments convince us that the relationship between the ground reaction force and the stiffness ellipse is almost linear, and the ground reaction force can be controlled with high reproducibility by adjusting the stiffness ellipse. It is possible to stabilize the system during dynamic movements because this method can control the impact force.
Graduate Teacher Education and Teacher Professionalism

The time is right, argues Wise, for the professionalization of teaching. For pro fessional status to become reality, teachers must take control of the certifi cation process just as professionals in other fields have done. If decision proc esses are left as they are, lying some where between state departments of education and colleges of education, we will assure, asserts the author, that stan dards are relaxed to whatever level is necessary to provide classrooms with teachers. Wise also advocates graduate educa tion as a necessary next step in the process of professionalizing teaching. The Master's degree approach, he ob serves, can provide an impetus for re conceptualizing teacher education that, when coupled with teacher control of certification, can well result in prepared teachers in whom the public can have confidence.
Brushless motors and controllers designed for GM Sunrayce

A description is given of the design, function, and application of a series of brushless motors and controllers being offered to the participants of the GM-sponsored Sunrayce, a competition of solar-powered electric vehicles. The motor and controller, when purchased together, provide single bidirectional speed control, automatic overspeed protection, motor and controller overtemp protection, and maximum voltage regeneration limit. Unique characteristics of the motors and controllers and how the motor drive interfaces to the vehicle control are described. The drive system can be tailored to a variety of power ranges and control schemes. <<ETX>>
B-spline design of maximally flat and prolate spheroidal-type FIR filters

A digital FIR filter is described that offers excellent passband and stopband characteristics for general applications. Design formulae include parameters that adjust the magnitude response from one having characteristics like the maximally flat designs of Hermann (1971) and Kaiser (1975, 1979) to one having characteristics like the minimum-sidelobe energy approximations of Kaiser and Saramaki (1989). The impulse response coefficients are more straightforward to obtain than these filter designs while offering preferable response characteristics in many instances. Unlike FIR filters designed by window- or frequency-sampling methods, the filter coefficients are determined from the inverse Fourier transform in closed form once B-splines have been used to replace sharp transition edges of the magnitude response. Although the filters are developed in the frequency domain, a convergence window is identified in the convolution series and compared with windows of popular FIR filters. By means of example, adjustment of the transitional parameter is shown to produce a filter response that rivals the stopband attenuation and transition width of prolate spheroidal designs. The design technique is extended to create additional transitional filters from prototype window functions, such as the transitional Hann window filter. The filters are particularly suitable for precision filtering and reconstruction of sampled physiologic and acoustic signals common to the health sciences but will also be useful in other applications requiring low passband and stopband errors.
The validation of the perceived wellness survey in the South African Police Service

The objectives of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of a Setswana translation of the Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS) in the South African Police Service and to investigate differences in the perceived wellness of police members, based on gender, qualification, age and rank. A cross-sectional survey design with an accidental sample (N = 673) of Setswana speaking police personnel was used. The Perceived Wellness Survey (PWS) and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Two reliable factors, namely wellness and unwellness, were extracted in a random sample (n = 335) and in a replication sample (n = 338). However, an alternative interpretation was also possible. Statistically significant differences were found between perceived wellness of employees in terms of age and rank.
Why Some Groups Fail: a Survey of Students' Experiences with Learning Groups

never really considered what a disastrous experience some frustrated students must endure, or why some students reported only positive experiences from classes utilizing group learning techniques. The issue of group learning has become an even greater concern in recent years as more college and university professors have begun to incorporate specific group assignments (i.e., assignments which require that students meet as a group and equally contribute to a final product) into their class requirements. There are several reasons for this movement toward an increased number of group assignments. In recent years there has been a marked trend for business decisions to be made within groups rather than by individuals acting solely on their own. One possible reason for this is the growth of professional management teams, together with the general movement within the business world towards more participative management styles. Arguably the most important single factor is that as the business environment has become more complex, the ability of any one person to cope with it satisfactorily has been greatly reduced. Hence, group learning is an attempt to introduce students to real-world experiences before graduation. On the surface, this sounds like a good idea; however, survey data reported in this study reveals that many things can and do go wrong when
Novel Lyssaviruses Isolated from Bats in Russia

Two new rabies-related viruses were discovered in Russia during 2002. Viruses were isolated from bats in Eastern Siberia near Baikal Lake and in the western Caucasus Mountains. After preliminary antigenic and genetic characterization, we found that both viruses should be considered as new putative lyssavirus genotypes.
Learning When Data Sets are Imbalanced and When Costs are Unequal and Unknown

The problem of learning from imbalanced data sets, while not the same problem as learning when misclassication costs are unequal and unknown, can be handled in a similar manner. That is, in both contexts, we can use techniques from roc analysis to help with classier design. We present results from two studies in which we dealt with skewed data sets and unequal, but unknown costs of error. We also compare for one domain these results to those obtained by over-sampling and under-sampling the data set. The operations of sampling, moving the decision threshold, and adjusting the cost matrix produced sets of classiers that fell on the same roc curve.
Accelerating Graph Analytics by Utilising the Memory Locality of Graph Partitioning

This paper investigates how to improve the memory locality of graph-structured analytics on large-scale shared memory systems. We demonstrate that a graph partitioning where all in-edges for a vertex are placed in the same partition improves memory locality. However, realising performance improvement through such graph partitioning poses several challenges and requires rethinking the classification of graph algorithms and preferred data structures. We introduce the notion of medium dense frontiers, a type of frontier that is sufficiently dense for a bitmap representation, yet benefits from an indexed graph layout. Using three types of frontiers, and three graph layout schemes optimized to each frontier type, we design an edge traversal algorithm that autonomously decides which type to use. The distinction of forward vs. backward graph traversal folds into this decision and need no longer be specified by the programmer.We have implemented our techniques in a NUMA-aware graph analytics framework derived from Ligra and demonstrate a speedup of up to 4.34× over Ligra and up to 2.93× over Polymer.
A biomolecular force field based on the free enthalpy of hydration and solvation: The GROMOS force‐field parameter sets 53A5 and 53A6

Successive parameterizations of the GROMOS force field have been used successfully to simulate biomolecular systems over a long period of time. The continuing expansion of computational power with time makes it possible to compute ever more properties for an increasing variety of molecular systems with greater precision. This has led to recurrent parameterizations of the GROMOS force field all aimed at achieving better agreement with experimental data. Here we report the results of the latest, extensive reparameterization of the GROMOS force field. In contrast to the parameterization of other biomolecular force fields, this parameterization of the GROMOS force field is based primarily on reproducing the free enthalpies of hydration and apolar solvation for a range of compounds. This approach was chosen because the relative free enthalpy of solvation between polar and apolar environments is a key property in many biomolecular processes of interest, such as protein folding, biomolecular association, membrane formation, and transport over membranes. The newest parameter sets, 53A5 and 53A6, were optimized by first fitting to reproduce the thermodynamic properties of pure liquids of a range of small polar molecules and the solvation free enthalpies of amino acid analogs in cyclohexane (53A5). The partial charges were then adjusted to reproduce the hydration free enthalpies in water (53A6). Both parameter sets are fully documented, and the differences between these and previous parameter sets are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 25: 1656–1676, 2004
Variability of consecutive in vivo MR flow measurements in the main portal vein.

OBJECTIVE The variability of consecutive cine phase-contrast MR flow measurements could significantly affect their use for clinical decisions, especially during provocative testing. The purposes of this study were to determine the normal variability of flow and consecutive flow measurements in the main portal vein on MR images and to determine how intraobserver variability, interobserver variability, and MR imager variability affect these measurements. SUBJECTS AND METHODS MR flow measurements were acquired four consecutive times at the same location in the main portal vein of 12 subjects and three consecutive times at the same location in a nonpulsatile vessel model. All acquisitions were completed within 10 min. All main portal vein MR data sets were evaluated manually in a blinded review by two independent observers during three separate sessions spaced a mean of 4.5 weeks apart. Flow model data sets were evaluated during a single session by one observer. Variabilities were subsequently calculated by a components-of-variance analysis and by the coefficient of variation (SD/mean x 100). RESULTS Of the total variance, 90% was due to flow variability among subjects (intersubject), 6% to flow variability within one subject (intrasubject), 2% to intraobserver variability, and 2% to interobserver variability. The coefficient of variation of consecutive MR portal vein flow measurements within a single subject was 11% +/- 5% (range, 3-23%). Intra- and interobserver variabilities were 5% +/- 2% (range, 1-11%) and 4% +/- 4% (range, 0-17%), respectively. MR imager variability was 1% +/- 1% (range, 0-2%). CONCLUSION The mean variability of consecutive cine phase-contrast MR flow measurements in the main portal vein is 11% +/- 5% and could affect research and clinical protocols that employ this technique.
Hitting in Toddler-Peer Interaction.

BROWNLEE, JOHN R. , and BAKEMAN, ROGER. Hitting in Toddler-Peer Interaction. CHMD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 1076-1079. This study examines the notion that hitting can be used in a communicative way among toddler peers. A pilot study had found that different kinds of hitting systematically resulted in different social outcomes among 2-year-olds. The present study replicated this result for another group of 2-year-olds but found that outcomes were not as systematic for either 1or 3-year-olds. It is speculated that how gestures are used in nonverbal communication may change as verbal communication comes to dominate peer interaction.
An investigation into the benefits of the implementation of an enterprise project management system in large organisations in developing economies

Large companies in developed economies have been applying enterprise project management (EPM) since the late 1990s. However, in developing countries, large organisations are only now starting to realise that EPM exists and can benefit them. This paper presents the results of a study that was undertaken to investigate the potential benefits of implementing EPM in medium to large organisations in Botswana, as a new framework to address the needs of varied and multiple projects. The general impression is that most organisations in Botswana, and by extension in other developing countries, should start to understand the intricacies of managing multiple projects. This would require an accelerated programme of building the workforce's capabilities and the organisational competence required to manage business . This study comprised a two round Delphi study, with fourteen and six participants respectively, from nine medium to large organisations across all economically active regions in Botswana. The study identified the eight contributions that the adoption of enterprise project management can make in Botswana, and by extension, in other developing economies.
Estimating the relative utility of networks for predicting user activities

Link structure in online networks carries varying semantics. For example, Facebook links carry social semantics while LinkedIn links carry professional semantics. It has been shown that online networks are useful for predicting users' future activities. In this paper, we introduce a new related problem: given a collection of networks, how can we determine the relative importance of each network for predicting user activities? We propose a framework that allows us to quantify the relative predictive value of each network in a setting where multiple networks are available. We give an ɛ-net algorithm to solve the problem and prove that it finds a solution that is arbitrarily close to the optimal solution. Experimentally, we focus our study on the prediction of ad clicks, where it is already known that a single social network improves prediction. The networks we study are implicit affiliations networks, which are based on users' browsing history rather than declared relationships between the users. We create two networks based on covisitation to pages in the Facebook domain and Wikipedia domain. The learned relative weighting of these networks demonstrates covisitation networks are indeed useful for prediction, but that no single network is predictive of all kinds of ads. Rather, each category of ads calls for a significantly different weighting of these networks.
New secreted toxins and immunity proteins encoded within the Type VI secretion system gene cluster of Serratia marcescens

Protein secretion systems are critical to bacterial virulence and interactions with other organisms. The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) is found in many bacterial species and is used to target either eukaryotic cells or competitor bacteria. However, T6SS‐secreted proteins have proven surprisingly elusive. Here, we identified two secreted substrates of the antibacterial T6SS from the opportunistic human pathogen, Serratia marcescens. Ssp1 and Ssp2, both encoded within the T6SS gene cluster, were confirmed as antibacterial toxins delivered by the T6SS. Four related proteins encoded around the Ssp proteins (‘Rap’ proteins) included two specifically conferring self‐resistance (‘immunity’) against T6SS‐dependent Ssp1 or Ssp2 toxicity. Biochemical characterization revealed specific, tight binding between cognate Ssp–Rap pairs, forming complexes of 2:2 stoichiometry. The atomic structures of two Rap proteins were solved, revealing a novel helical fold, dependent on a structural disulphide bond, a structural feature consistent with their functional localization. Homologues of the Serratia Ssp and Rap proteins are found encoded together within other T6SS gene clusters, thus they represent founder members of new families of T6SS‐secreted and cognate immunity proteins. We suggest that Ssp proteins are the original substrates of the S. marcescens T6SS, before horizontal acquisition of other T6SS‐secreted toxins. Molecular insight has been provided into how pathogens utilize antibacterial T6SSs to overcome competitors and succeed in polymicrobial niches.
Practical limits of function prediction

The widening gap between known protein sequences and their functions has led to the practice of assigning a potential function to a protein on the basis of sequence similarity to proteins whose function has been experimentally investigated. We present here a critical view of the theoretical and practical bases for this approach. The results obtained by analyzing a significant number of true sequence similarities, derived directly from structural alignments, point to the complexity of function prediction. Different aspects of protein function, including (i) enzymatic function classification, (ii) functional annotations in the form of key words, (iii) classes of cellular function, and (iv) conservation of binding sites can only be reliably transferred between similar sequences to a modest degree. The reason for this difficulty is a combination of the unavoidable database inaccuracies and the plasticity of protein function. In addition, analysis of the relationship between sequence and functional descriptions defines an empirical limit for pairwise‐based functional annotations, namely, the three first digits of the six numbers used as descriptors of protein folds in the FSSP database can be predicted at an average level as low as 7.5% sequence identity, two of the four EC digits at 15% identity, half of the SWISS‐PROT key words related to protein function would require 20% identity, and the prediction of half of the residues in the binding site can be made at the 30% sequence identity level. Proteins 2000;41:98–107. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age Differences in Content-General Knowledge When Content-Specific Knowledge Is Equated

ABSTRACTA novel computer-delivered training task was given to children (grades 1 and 3) and adults to observe their differences in content-general knowledge while equating content-specific knowledge. The training task taught subjects over a period of trials and days the names of eight fantasy creatures that regularly differed on four attributes. Group differences were found on the number of trials needed to reach criterion. First graders differed from adults on a due task based on the creatures’ names and attributes. Each group equalled or bettered their score on the clue task 2 weeks later. Children’s performance on the clue task was correlated more strongly than adults’ performance with multiple accesses of domain knowledge during the learning task. These results suggest that young children are more dependent on multiple accesses of domain knowledge than are older children or adults.
The Greening of Organization Culture: Managers View on the Depth, Degree and Diffusion of Change

The green management literature repeatedly argues that in order to behave in a sustainable manner, organizational actions will need to go beyond technical fixes and embrace new environmentally responsible values, beliefs and behaviors. In this context, developing sustainability is frequently viewed as largely dependent on the extent of green culture change in organizations. However, empirical evidence for such a change in culture is not apparent, although much anecdotal support has been cited. Seeks to address some of the shortcomings in extant literature and supplies contemporary evidence of managers’ perceptions of the extent to which the green culture change is occurring and of factors acting as barriers or facilitators to such change. Begins with a review of the literature pertaining to organizational culture and greening. Following this, details the research design and methodology. Thereafter, lays out the findings of the interviews in detail. Finally, discusses these findings and suggests a number of implications, conclusions and directions for further research.