Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Models for Asteroseismology of DA White Dwarf Stars

Because white dwarfs are the most common end state of stellar evolution, determining their internal structure will yield many clues about the final stages of stellar evolution and the physics of matter under extreme conditions. We present the results of our parametric survey of evolutionary models of compositionally stratified white dwarfs with hydrogen surface layers (DA white dwarfs) and provide a comprehensive set of theoretical {ital g}-mode pulsation periods for comparison to observations of pulsating DA white dwarfs. This survey complements the previous survey of helium atmosphere (DB) white dwarf periods of Bradley, Winget, & Wood. We show how to use the periods of low-overtone and/or trapped modes to constrain the internal structure of pulsating DA white dwarfs by utilizing their sensitivity to the total stellar mass and the location of the hydrogen/helium transition zone. We use G117-B15A as an example to demonstrate the potential of our models for asteroseismology; we suggest that G117-B15A has a mass of 0.55 {ital M}{sub {circle_dot}} and a hydrogen layer mass of {approx_equal}1.5{times}10{sup {minus}4} {ital M}{sub {asterisk}}. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Astronomical Society. }
On tests of marginal symmetry and quasi-symmetry in two and three-dimensional contingency tables

When the two criteria of classification in a square contingency table are commes? surable it is of interest to investigate whether there are symmetric patterns in the data. In case the patters? is not completely symmetric one likes to check whether at least the two sets of marginal totals have the same distribution (marginal symmetry) or the measures of association are syn2metric (quasi-symmetry). This paper considers appropriate specifications of the hypotheses of di/%erent patterns of symmetry and develops large-sample Wald statistics as efficient chi-square test criteria. This development is then extended to three-dimensional cubic contingency tables arising from three commensurable classifications. Both the two and three-dimensional cases are illustrated with numerical examples. It is pointed out that explicit test criteria are available in each and no iteration routine is needed to compute such Wald statistics while iteration routines are needed to compute alternative equally efficient large-sample criteria such as those based on likelihood ratios. Another advantage in using Wald statistics is that either the snarginal symn2etry or the quasi-symmetry hypothesis can be tested on its own without making any extraneous assumption regarding the other.
5. Remainder Differential Algebras and Their Applications

In many practical problems in which derivatives are calculated, their basic purpose is to be used in the modeling of a functional dependence, often based on a Taylor expansion to first or higher orders. While the practical computation of such derivatives is greatly facilitated and in many cases is possible only through the use of forward or reverse computational differentiation, there is usually no direct information regarding the accuracy of the functional model based on the Taylor expansion. We show how, in parallel to the accumulation of derivatives, error bounds of all functional dependencies can be carried along the computation. The additional effort is minor, and the resulting bounds are usually rather sharp, in particular at higher orders. This Remainder Differential Algebraic Method is more straightforward and can yield tighter bounds than the mere interval bounding of the Taylor remainder’s (n +1 )st order derivative obtained via forward differentiation. The method can be applied to various numerical problems: Here we focus on global optimization, where blow-up can often be substantially reduced compared with interval methods, in particular for the cases of complicated functions or many variables. This problem is at the core of many questions of nonlinear dynamics and can help facilitate a detailed, quantitative understanding.
Neuron populations use variable combinations of short-term feedback mechanisms to stabilize firing rate

Neurons tightly regulate firing rate and a failure to do so leads to multiple neurological disorders. Therefore, a fundamental question in neuroscience is how neurons produce reliable activity patterns for decades to generate behavior. Neurons have built-in feedback mechanisms that allow them to monitor their output and rapidly stabilize firing rate. Most work emphasizes the role of a dominant feedback system within a neuronal population for the control of moment-to-moment firing. In contrast, we find that respiratory motoneurons use 2 activity-dependent controllers in unique combinations across cells, dynamic activation of an Na+ pump subtype, and rapid potentiation of Kv7 channels. Both systems constrain firing rate by reducing excitability for up to a minute after a burst of action potentials but are recruited by different cellular signals associated with activity, increased intracellular Na+ (the Na+ pump), and membrane depolarization (Kv7 channels). Individual neurons do not simply contain equal amounts of each system. Rather, neurons under strong control of the Na+ pump are weakly regulated by Kv7 enhancement and vice versa along a continuum. Thus, each motoneuron maintains its characteristic firing rate through a unique combination of the Na+ pump and Kv7 channels, which are dynamically regulated by distinct feedback signals. These results reveal a new organizing strategy for stable circuit output involving multiple fast activity sensors scaled inversely across a neuronal population.
Biased GLP‐2 agonist with strong G protein‐coupling but impaired arrestin recruitment and receptor desensitization enhances intestinal growth in mice

Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) is secreted postprandially by enteroendocrine L‐cells and stimulates growth of the gut and bone. One GLP‐2 analogue is approved for short bowel syndrome (SBS). To improve therapeutic efficacy, we developed biased GLP‐2 receptor (GLP‐2R) agonists through N‐terminal modifications.
Risk prediction models for endometrial cancer: development and validation in an international consortium

Abstract Background Endometrial cancer risk stratification may help target interventions, screening, or prophylactic hysterectomy to mitigate the rising burden of this cancer. However, existing prediction models have been developed in select cohorts and have not considered genetic factors. Methods We developed endometrial cancer risk prediction models using data on postmenopausal White women aged 45-85 years from 19 case-control studies in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Relative risk estimates for predictors were combined with age-specific endometrial cancer incidence rates and estimates for the underlying risk factor distribution. We externally validated the models in 3 cohorts: Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), NHS II, and the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Results Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the epidemiologic model ranged from 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62 to 0.67) to 0.69 (95% CI = 0.66 to 0.72). Improvements in discrimination from the addition of genetic factors were modest (no change in area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in NHS; PLCO = 0.64 to 0.66). The epidemiologic model was well calibrated in NHS II (overall expected-to-observed ratio [E/O] = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.22) and PLCO (overall E/O = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.13) but poorly calibrated in NHS (overall E/O = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.51 to 0.59). Conclusions Using data from the largest, most heterogeneous study population to date (to our knowledge), prediction models based on epidemiologic factors alone successfully identified women at high risk of endometrial cancer. Genetic factors offered limited improvements in discrimination. Further work is needed to refine this tool for clinical or public health practice and expand these models to multiethnic populations.
PRODUCTION OF NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS ON RETROGRADE ORBITS

While computing an improved near-Earth object (NEO) steady-state orbital distribution model, we discovered in the numerical integrations the unexpected production of retrograde orbits for asteroids that had originally exited from the accepted main-belt source regions. Our model indicates that ∼0.1% (a factor of two uncertainty) of the steady-state NEO population (perihelion q < 1.3 AU) is on retrograde orbits. These rare outcomes typically happen when asteroid orbits flip to a retrograde configuration while in the 3:1 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter and then live for ∼0.001 to 100 Myr. The model predicts, given the estimated near-Earth asteroid (NEA) population, that a few retrograde 0.1–1 km NEAs should exist. Currently, there are two known MPC NEOs with asteroidal designations on retrograde orbits which we therefore claim could be escaped asteroids instead of devolatilized comets. This retrograde NEA population may also answer a long-standing question in the meteoritical literature regarding the origin of high-strength, high-velocity meteoroids on retrograde orbits.
Backward and forward scattering of microwaves by ice particles: A review

Approximate and exact mathematical techniques for the calculation of the scattering properties of a single ice particle are first reviewed. Then, for dealing with practical applications such as radar meteorology or radio wave transmission along earth-space links, the problem of the scattering by an assembly of particles is examined. This problem involves the knowledge of the particle size distribution and of the orienting mechanisms which can affect the ice crystals in the clouds. Although the T matrix formalism has been successfully used in a greater range of scattering problems than the other techniques, the Rayleigh approximation may be used with confidence for calculating the cross-polarization properties of radio waves at frequencies up to at least 25 GHz. Alignment of ice particles is not expected to occur in high-altitude cirrus clouds while alignment is observed in strong thunderstorms. Thus different models are to be used in order to predict the cross polarization along earth-space links.
CONTACT-STRUCTURE DEPENDENCE OF TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF A SINGLE ORGANIC MOLECULE BETWEEN AU ELECTRODES

The contact-structure dependence of the transport properties are studied for the junction systems of a benzene dithiolate (BDT) molecule sandwiched between Au(111) atomic electrodes using the nonequilibrium Green's function method based on the density functional theory. The transport properties for the hollow, bridge, and on-top contact structures are calculated. We show clearly that molecular orbitals of the isolated BDT molecule are responsible for the transmission peaks near the Fermi level. The contribution of these molecular orbitals, observed as broadened and shifted peaks in the projected density of states, is determined by the strength of their interaction with the Au electrodes, and the strength of the molecule-electrode interaction is clearly dependent on the contact structures. In the case of hollow contact, which has the strongest molecule-electrode interaction, we observe a linear potential drop across the junction for the various bias voltages. In the on-top contact structure that has the weakest interaction, on the other hand, the nonlinear potential drop and a weak negative differential conductance are observed. We obtain the largest current for the bridge contact structure, which has a moderate interaction. In this way, the transport properties strongly depend on the strength of the molecule-electrode interaction caused by a change of the contact structure and the unusual behavior is obtained for the contact structure that has the weakest interaction.
Numerical simulations of frequency shift and amplitude alteration of sound waves in random mass density and velocity fields

We investigate the effect of space- and time-dependent random mass density and velocity fields on frequencies and amplitudes of small sinusoidal acoustic waves. The dispersion relations and their approximate solutions, which are valid in the limit of weak random fields and long sound waves, are presented. These approximate solutions are verified by numerical simulations for the full set of hydrodynamic equations. The main findings are: (a) both the analytical and numerical results reveal that random fields affect the frequencies and amplitudes of sound waves. A space-dependent (time-dependent) random field leads to wave attenuation (amplification). Random mass density and time-dependent random velocity fields lift up frequencies of sound waves. A space-dependent random velocity field produces redshifts in frequencies; (b) in the limit of validity of analytical solutions the numerical results are close to the analytical data; (c) for a stronger random field and for shorter sound waves, numerical and analytical data depart from each other.
Using insights from cognitive science for the teaching of clinical skills: AMEE Guide No. 155

Abstract Students have to develop a wide variety of clinical skills, from cannulation to advanced life support, prior to entering clinical practice. An important challenge for health professions’ educators is the implementation of strategies for effectively supporting students in their acquisition of different types of clinical skills and also to minimize skill decay over time. Cognitive science provides a unified approach that can inform how to maximize clinical skill acquisition and also minimize skill decay. The Guide discusses the nature of expertise and mastery development, the key insights from cognitive science for clinical skill development and skill retention, how these insights can be practically applied and integrated with current approaches used in clinical skills teaching.
Exploration or exploitation? A study on equity incentive design, dynamic decision making, and economic consequences

We examine whether equity incentive can encourage exploratory innovation from the perspective of dynamic innovation decision-making process. Using the data of equity incentives in China’s listed companies from 2006 to 2017, we construct exploratory intensity of innovation strategy and analyze the impact of equity incentive on corporation exploratory innovation strategy from both the cross-sectional and time-series perspectives. We find a positive relationship between the vesting period and explorative innovation strategy in the cross-sectional dimension. However, the time-series analyses show that the innovation strategy becomes less explorative and more exploitative after the third period during equity incentive. The effect of vesting period is stronger in smaller firms and during the non-financial crisis period. Further analysis reveals that followed by the changes in innovation strategy, the growth rates of innovation output and firm performance also decline.
Ergonomic risk assessment during massage among physiotherapists: Introduction of generic postures notion.

BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent among physiotherapists. They perform many repetitive tasks in awkward postures that require a high muscle load. This issue was often addressed through subjective analysis (questionnaire) but rarely using postural evaluation combined with an ergonomic assessment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article was to decompose draining lymphatic massage performed by physiotherapists in generic postures (GP) to quickly assess the musculoskeletal disorder risk. METHODS Based on numeric video recorded in frontal and sagittal planes, 3360 postures were defined from 20-minutes lymphatic drainage massage performed by 7 physiotherapists over a period of 6 months. A hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to define the GP. RESULTS Seven GP were identified, which were described by their average joint angles, variability and relative frequency. GP6, GP4 and GP2 had the highest frequencies (17.6%, 16.9% and 16.8% respectively). Trunk and neck were essentially flexed (neck: 17.0±10.0° for GP1; trunk: 20.4±8.7° for GP4). Shoulder flexion and abduction ranged from 15° (GP7) to 60° (GP4). Mean and variability of RULA score completed the analysis. The highest scores were computed for GP2 and GP3 (respectively 5.5±1.3 and 5.8±1.2, p < 0.05). GP4 had the lowest (4.0±1.1, p < 0.05). The results suggest that massages have to be monitored. Attention should be paid to the postures used to prevent the occurrence of MSDs. CONCLUSION The massages could be described as a combination of generic posture for a rapid ergonomic assessment.
Optical emission reference data for the GEC reference cell

A complete set of optical emission data for the gaseous electronic conference reference cell (GEC) is presented for discharges at 75, 100, 150, and 200 V peak-to-peak and at pressures of 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mtorr. When the GEC project was initiated, these were the setpoints that were to be examined. This paper provides a set of data that can be used as a comparison for other diagnostics. The emission is compared to metastable data obtained from laser-induced fluorescence in helium and argon and computer generated data of the argon metastable data. There is good agreement between these three sets of data and the profiles found in this paper, which can be used as a consistency check for the capacitively coupled GEC reference cell. The data presented were collected with an automated scanning sensor, which gathers wedges of optical emission (Ar I 750.4 nm), at ten vertical heights parallel to the bottom electrode surface. The digitized data was converted to emissivity data as a function of radius using a Tikhonov regularization method.
Growth with Commensal Streptococci Alters Streptococcus mutans Behaviors

As oral bacteria grow and persist within biofilms attached to the tooth’s surface, they interact with other species to form synergistic or antagonistic exchanges that govern homeostasis for the overall population. One example are the interactions between the cariogenic species Streptococcus mutans and oral commensal streptococci. Previously, we showed that the cell–cell signaling pathways of S. mutans were inhibited during coculture with other oral streptococci species, leading us to posit that the S. mutans transcriptome and behaviors are broadly altered during growth with these species. To test this hypothesis, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) on cocultures of S. mutans with either Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus sanguinis, or Streptococcus oralis and a quadculture containing all 4 species in comparison to S. mutans grown alone. Our results reveal that in addition to species-dependent changes to the S. mutans transcriptome, a conserved response to oral streptococci in general can be observed. We monitored the behavior of S. mutans by both microscopy imaging of biofilms and in a bacteriocin overlay assay and verified that S. mutans acts similarly with each of these species but noted divergences in phenotypes when cocultured with another cariogenic Streptococcus (Streptococcus sobrinus) or with oral nonstreptococci species. RNA-seq with oral nonstreptococci showed lack of a consistent gene expression profile and overlap of differentially expressed genes found with commensal streptococci. Finally, we investigated the role of upregulated S. mutans genes within our data sets to determine if they provided a fitness benefit during interspecies interactions. Eleven total genes were studied, and we found that a majority impacted the fitness of S. mutans in various assays, highlighted by increased biomass of commensal streptococci in mixed-species biofilms. These results confirm a common, species-independent modification of S. mutans behaviors with oral commensal streptococci that emphasizes the need to further evaluate oral bacteria within multispecies settings.
Comparing the Effects of Low-Dose Ketamine, Fentanyl, and Morphine on Hemorrhagic Tolerance and Analgesia in Humans

Abstract Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable battlefield and civilian trauma deaths. Ketamine, fentanyl, and morphine are recommended analgesics for use in the prehospital (i.e., field) setting to reduce pain. However, it is unknown whether any of these analgesics reduce hemorrhagic tolerance in humans. We tested the hypothesis that fentanyl (75 µg) and morphine (5 mg), but not ketamine (20 mg), would reduce tolerance to simulated hemorrhage in conscious humans. Each of the three analgesics was evaluated independently among different cohorts of healthy adults in a randomized, crossover (within drug/placebo comparison), placebo-controlled fashion using doses derived from the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines for Medical Personnel. One minute after an intravenous infusion of the analgesic or placebo (saline), we employed a pre-syncopal limited progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol to determine hemorrhagic tolerance. Hemorrhagic tolerance was quantified as a cumulative stress index (CSI), which is the sum of products of the LBNP and the duration (e.g., [40 mmHg x 3 min] + [50 mmHg x 3 min] …). Compared with ketamine (p = 0.002 post hoc result) and fentanyl (p = 0.02 post hoc result), morphine reduced the CSI (ketamine (n = 30): 99 [73–139], fentanyl (n = 28): 95 [68–130], morphine (n = 30): 62 [35–85]; values expressed as a % of the respective placebo trial’s CSI; median [IQR]; Kruskal-Wallis test p = 0.002). Morphine-induced reductions in tolerance to central hypovolemia were not well explained by a prediction model including biological sex, body mass, and age (R2=0.05, p = 0.74). These experimental data demonstrate that morphine reduces tolerance to simulated hemorrhage while fentanyl and ketamine do not affect tolerance. Thus, these laboratory-based data, captured via simulated hemorrhage, suggest that morphine should not be used for a hemorrhaging individual in the prehospital setting.
A novel variant in BCL11B in an individual with neurodevelopmental delay: A case report

B‐Cell CLL/Lymphoma 11B (BCL11B) is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that has broad biological functions and is essential for the development of the immune system, neural system, cardiovascular system, dermis, and dentition. Variants of BCL11B have been found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and immunodeficiency.