Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Investigation of Sinusoidal Cells

The first reference to liver sinusoidal cells in the scientific literature was probably Wedl's description in 1854 of pigment-containing "connective tissue" cells in the liver from a patient with malaria. ' Hoffmann and Von ~ecklinghausen* later rccognized that a population of nonparcnchymal cells had the capacity to phagocytose intravenously administered dycs. ~ o l l ~ e s c r i b e d a "network or anastornosing areolar connective tissue cells" containing osmiophilic material. ~ u ~ f f e r ~ detected a population of stellate-shaped sinusoidal cells ("Stern-zellen") using a gold chloride histochemical method and suggested that these were also phagocytic: it IS now clear, however, that these stellate cells correspond to the so-called perismusoldal cells5 (PSC). In spite of this mlsun-derstanding, the macrophages of the liver sinusoids are now widely referred to as Kupffer cells (KC). In a subsequent series of careful morphologic studies, Zimmer-mann6
Output voltage control for series-series compensated wireless power transfer system without direct feedback from measurement or communication

This paper proposes a primary side control for series-series compensated wireless power transfer system. By eliminating the need for a communication link for signal feedback, the control method not only reduces volume and cost of the system, but also improves a dynamic response. This controller only requires the information of the primary side voltage and current to identify the load resistance and the mutual inductances which are essential parameters to estimate the output voltage. To regulate the output voltage, PI controller is used to adjust the switching duty cycle of a full-bridge inverter. The proposed control concept is verified by experimental results. For experiments, the laboratory prototype is designed to achieve 50-W and achieves 89% efficiency at the rated condition.
Tenure on Trial: Case Studies of Change in Faculty Employment Policies (review)

may have heuristic value, they do not seem particularly real or at least distinguishable in everyday life. The final misconception is that diversity initiatives benefit only racial minorities, a concept Jeffrey Milem discusses in his review of the literature on diversity in chapter 5. He concludes that diversity promotes individual, institutional, economic, and societal benefits. Milem’s is a good review, but what I found most interesting in his chapter was his discussion of the institutional obstacles, particularly the pursuit of prestige, which actually thwart diversity. Milem’s point allows the reader to reconsider the argument made in the concluding chapter by Chang et al. that progressives and conservatives both agree on the value of merit but differ in how they define it. I would argue less for an expansion of merit, as the authors in this book do, than for a critical analysis of what merit is and how it works to support particular institutional arrangements that inevitably will justify the uneven allocation of social resources. However merit is defined, some will have whatever “it” is and others will not. Those who have it will get resources and the others will not. A critique of merit might start by questioning the practices of elite institutions, the very ones whose practices these authors ultimately wind up defending by arguing that affirmative action is important because it is important to attend such institutions. Indeed, this book privileges elite institutions, since, as Chang et al. argue, “Attending and graduating from an elite institution afford significant tangible benefits” (p. 8), and “Institutions of higher education, particularly elite institutions, have become an important medium for developing future societal leaders and for the advancement of knowledge essential to engendering economic progress and democratic participation” (p. 11). This is true, but that it is true warrants critique. These institutions, I would argue, are part of the problem and not necessarily its solution. Their narrow visions of merit and their self-serving practices should be condemned, not applauded. I would also caution against the uncritical use of social science in the affirmative-action debate. Social science is a powerful meaning-making practice, and its concepts tend to take hold on individuals and institutions. Its continued production of race knowledge ultimately ensures that race will always structure our lives. Thus, while social science can play a role in a strategically progressive political agenda, it also reinforces the concept of race rather than diminishes it. All in all, however, I think this book provides a good defense of affirmative action, and its political agenda seems not only morally correct but, when viewed in light of recent legal decisions, politically correct as well. William T. Mallon. Tenure on Trial: Case Studies of Change in Faculty Employment Policies. New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2001. 208 pp. Cloth: $85.00. ISBN: 0-4159-3219-X.
Beyond the Third Dimension: Visualizing High-Dimensional Data with Projections

Multidimensional projections are an increasingly popular technique for visualizing large datasets containing observations having tens or even hundreds of dimensions. Compared to other techniques such as parallel coordinates, tables, and scatterplot matrices, they support tasks such as finding groups of related observations and outliers in simpler, more effective, ways. The authors discuss here the advantages of multidimensional projections, how to compute them, and recent advances that enhance them by visual explanatory techniques, so as to make them efficient and effective instruments that should be part of the toolkit of any scientist interested in high-dimensional data exploration.
Evaluation of the shock index in dogs presenting as emergencies.

OBJECTIVES To (1) determine a reference interval for shock index (SI) [defined as heart rate (HR)/systolic blood pressure (SBP)], in a group of healthy dogs, and (2) compare SI in healthy dogs with dogs presenting to the emergency room (ER) deemed to be in or not in a state of shock. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS Sixty-eight clinically normal dogs, 18 dogs that were presented to the ER deemed to be in shock and 19 dogs presenting to the ER not deemed to be in shock. SETTING University teaching hospital. INTERVENTIONS Peripheral or central venous blood sampling. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Heart rate and SBP were recorded on simulated presentation (healthy dogs), and emergency presentations for both dogs deemed to be in shock and dogs not deemed in shock. Dogs in shock had a median SI of 1.37 (0.87-3.13), which was significantly higher than both other groups; dogs not deemed in shock had median SI 0.73 (0.56-1.20), P < 0.0001 and healthy dogs had median SI 0.78 (0.37-1.30) P < 0.0001), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggested a SI cut-off of 1.0, yielding an area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) of 0.89 (Specificity (Sp) 89, Sensitivity (Sn) 90) when comparing dogs deemed in shock with healthy dogs, and 0.92 (Sp 95, Sn 89) when comparing dogs in shock with to dogs not deemed in shock. CONCLUSIONS The SI is an easy and noninvasive patient parameter that is higher in dogs that are deemed to be in shock than both healthy dogs and dogs presented as emergencies but not deemed to be in a state of shock. The measurement of SI may have some benefit in clinical assessment of emergency patients.
Stress effects on bilingual language professionals' performance

The work of bilingual language professionals (e.g., translators, diplomats, intelligence analysts) involves substantial use of two or more languages, and often, as well, substantial amounts of stress. This stress can come from many sources, including the language tasks themselves and difficult working conditions. Yet, little is known about how the stressors that bilingual language professionals (BLPs) face influence their language performance or affect their daily lives. Here, we present pertinent psychological concepts of stress and coping, suggesting a schema for how they may interact with language performance. We then review what is known about how certain stressors influence language performance and the cognitive factors linked to language performance (attention, memory, self-monitoring), concluding with suggestions for research directions that should enable us better to understand and mitigate the negative effects of stress for BLPs.
The “Making and Unmaking” of Prejudice Against Australian Muslims and Gay Men and Lesbians: The Role of Religious Development and Fundamentalism

Despite the growing international interest in the relation between religion and prejudice, there has been a dearth of studies conducted within Australia. We used the Faith Development Scale (FDS) to examine the relation between religious maturity and attitudes toward Muslims and toward gay men and lesbians in an Australian context using a sample of churchgoers from the Perth metropolitan area (N = 139). Respondents who scored lower on the FDS were more prejudiced toward both target groups than were high scorers. Furthermore, participants who scored lower on the FDS were more prejudiced against gay men and lesbians than they were against Muslim Australians. The FDS was a better predictor of attitudes toward the two groups than was the Quest Scale. Contrary to overseas studies, we found that religious fundamentalists held more prejudiced attitudes toward gay men and lesbians than toward those of a different religion (Australian Muslims). Right-wing political orientation was also found to be predictive of prejudice against Australian Muslims and against gay men and lesbians independently of religious development. Results suggest that religious maturity, as well as fundamentalism and right-wing political views, plays an important role in the “making” or “unmaking” of prejudice against Australian Muslims and against gay men and lesbians. Evidence is presented that suggests that the Quest Scale and the FDS are measuring different aspects of religious development.
Assessment of the RNASound RNA Sampling Card for the Preservation of Influenza Virus RNA

Shipping influenza virus specimens, isolates or purified RNA is normally conducted at ultra-low temperatures using dry ice to ensure minimal degradation of the samples but this is expensive and requires special packaging and shipping conditions. Therefore, alternative methods for shipping influenza viruses or RNA at ambient temperatures would be desirable. The RNASound RNA Sampling Card (FortiusBio LLC, San Diego, CA, USA) is a device that enables specimens or isolates to be applied to a card, whereby viruses are inactivated, while RNA is preserved and purified RNA can also easily be eluted. To evaluate this card, we applied influenza virus cell culture isolate supernatants to either the RNASound card or Whatman Grade No. 1 filter paper (GE Healthcare, Rydalmere, NSW, Australia) and compared the preservation to that of material stored in liquid form. Preservation was tested using influenza A and B viruses at two different storage temperatures [cool (2–8°C) or room temperature (18–22°C)] and these were compared with control material stored at -80°C, for 7, 14, or 28 days. The quality of the RNA recovered was assessed using real time RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The RNASound card was effective in preserving influenza RNA at room temperature for up to 28 days, with only a minor change in real-time RT-PCR cycle threshold values for selected gene targets when comparing between viruses applied to the card or stored at -80°C. Similar results were obtained with filter paper, whilst virus in liquid form performed the worst. Nevertheless, as the RNASound card also has the capability to inactivate viruses in addition to preserving RNA at room temperature for many weeks, this makes it feasible to send samples to laboratories using regular mail, and thus avoid the need for expensive shipping conditions requiring biohazard containers and dry ice. Moreover, the quick and simple RNA recovery from the RNASound card allows recipient labs to obtain RNA without the need for special reagents or equipment.
Parental Influence Techniques: An Attributional Analysis.

DIx, THEODORE, and GRUSEC, JOAN E. Parental Influence Techniques: An Attributional Analysis. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1983, 54, 645-652. This study examined (a) social inferences presumed by attribution theorists to mediate the internalization of behavior and (b) parents' understanding of these inferences in their children. Participants at 4 age levels (5 years old to adult) made casual attributions for the helping of story characters and rated the extent to which these characters possessed an altruistic trait. In addition, a parent group predicted their children's attributions and trait ratings. Story characters helped under various conditions of parental influence including power assertion, modeling, and reasoning. The findings support an attributional analysis. Power assertion produced external attributions and discounting of altruistic traits. Modeled and spontaneous helping produced internal attributions and stronger inferences about the presence of altruistic traits. While causal attributions conformed to an MSC attribution schema among 5-6-year-olds, trait ratings did not do so until children were 8-9 years old. For females the addition of reasoning made attributions for helping induced with power assertion more internal and attributions for spontaneous helping more external. Parents appeared to have some skill at predicting their children's attributions.
[Dimensions of Agitation Based on the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory in Patients with Dementia].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of agitation in dementia patients using the Turkish version of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI-T). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 100 patients diagnosed as dementia, according to the DSM-IV-TR. The CMAI-T was administered to the patients' caregivers via face-to-face interviews. The Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE) was used to assess cognitive functions. The severity of depression and the functional state of the patients were assessed using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). Principal component analysis and varimax rotation were used to determine the factor structure of the CMAI-T. RESULTS Factor analysis of the CMAI-T indicated a 3-factor structure: physically aggressive agitation, verbal agitation, and physically non-aggressive agitation. In 92% of the patients there was ≥1 agitation behavior during the previous 2 weeks. The CMAI-T total and factor scores were negatively correlated with the SMMSE scores, and positively correlated with the CSDD and the FAQ scores. CONCLUSIONS The CMAI-T yielded 3 factors (physically aggressive agitation, verbal agitation, and physically non-aggressive agitation), which indicated the scale had construct validity. Agitation behaviors were associated with cognitive dysfunction, symptoms of depression and general level of functioning. Additional research is necessary to identify the predictors of these dimensions in different dementia samples, and to determine the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
Prospective evaluation of the utility of intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy in patients with brain neoplasms using fluorescein sodium: experience with 74 cases.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the utility, specificity, and sensitivity of intraoperative confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) to provide diagnostic information during resection of human brain tumors. METHODS CLE imaging was used in the resection of intracranial neoplasms in 74 consecutive patients (31 male; mean age 47.5 years; sequential 10-month study period). Intraoperative in vivo and ex vivo CLE was performed after intravenous injection of fluorescein sodium (FNa). Tissue samples from CLE imaging-matched areas were acquired for comparison with routine histological analysis (frozen and permanent sections). CLE images were classified as diagnostic or nondiagnostic. The specificities and sensitivities of CLE and frozen sections for gliomas and meningiomas were calculated using permanent histological sections as the standard. RESULTS CLE images were obtained for each patient. The mean duration of intraoperative CLE system use was 15.7 minutes (range 3-73 minutes). A total of 20,734 CLE images were correlated with 267 biopsy specimens (mean number of images/biopsy location, in vivo 84, ex vivo 70). CLE images were diagnostic for 45.98% in vivo and 52.97% ex vivo specimens. After initiation of CLE, an average of 14 in vivo images and 7 ex vivo images were acquired before identification of a first diagnostic image. CLE specificity and sensitivity were, respectively, 94% and 91% for gliomas and 93% and 97% for meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS CLE with FNa provided intraoperative histological information during brain tumor removal. Specificities and sensitivities of CLE for gliomas and meningiomas were comparable to those for frozen sections. These data suggest that CLE could allow the interactive identification of tumor areas, substantially improving intraoperative decisions during the resection of brain tumors.
Crystal structure of CO-bound cytochrome c oxidase determined by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography at room temperature

Significance A fundamental bioenergetics question is how the redox energy from oxygen reduction in cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is coupled to proton translocation. Although crystallography has revealed many properties of the enzyme, the coupling mechanism remains elusive, in part due to artifacts caused by X-ray damage from synchrotron radiation. We determined the structure of CO-bound bovine CcO by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) with an X-ray free electron laser, outrunning radiation damage. The SFX structure is compared with the structure obtained with synchrotron radiation in which the Fe–CO bond was cleaved. Our results reveal that ligand binding to heme a3 triggers an allosteric structural transition that may play a critical role in proton translocation in the CcO family of enzymes. Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal enzyme in the electron transfer chain, translocates protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane by harnessing the free energy generated by the reduction of oxygen to water. Several redox-coupled proton translocation mechanisms have been proposed, but they lack confirmation, in part from the absence of reliable structural information due to radiation damage artifacts caused by the intense synchrotron radiation. Here we report the room temperature, neutral pH (6.8), damage-free structure of bovine CcO (bCcO) in the carbon monoxide (CO)-bound state at a resolution of 2.3 Å, obtained by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) with an X-ray free electron laser. As a comparison, an equivalent structure was obtained at a resolution of 1.95 Å, from data collected at a synchrotron light source. In the SFX structure, the CO is coordinated to the heme a3 iron atom, with a bent Fe–C–O angle of ∼142°. In contrast, in the synchrotron structure, the Fe–CO bond is cleaved; CO relocates to a new site near CuB, which, in turn, moves closer to the heme a3 iron by ∼0.38 Å. Structural comparison reveals that ligand binding to the heme a3 iron in the SFX structure is associated with an allosteric structural transition, involving partial unwinding of the helix-X between heme a and a3, thereby establishing a communication linkage between the two heme groups, setting the stage for proton translocation during the ensuing redox chemistry.
Resource Sharing Centric Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for CMP Cores, Uncore, and Memory

With the breakdown of Dennard’s scaling over the past decade, performance growth of modern microprocessor design has largely relied on scaling core count in chip multiprocessors (CMPs). The challenge of chip power density, however, remains and demands new power management solutions. This work investigates a coordinated CMP systemwide Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) policy centered around shared resource utilization. This approach represents a new angle on the problem, differing from the conventional core-workload-driven approaches. The key component of our work is per-core DVFS leveraging a technique similar to TCP Vegas congestion control from networking. This TCP Vegas–based DVFS can potentially identify the synergy between power reduction and performance improvement. Further, this work includes uncore (on-chip interconnect and shared last level cache) and main memory DVFS policies coordinated with the per-core DVFS policy. Full system simulations on PARSEC benchmarks show that our technique reduces total energy dissipation by over 47% across all benchmarks with less than 2.3% performance degradation. Our work also leads to 12% more energy savings compared to a prior work CMP DVFS policy.
Ill-posedness issues for nonlinear dispersive equations

These notes are devoted to the notion of well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for nonlinear dispersive equations. We present recent methods for prov- ing ill-posedness type results for dispersive PDE's. The common feature in the analysis is that the proof of such results requires the construction of high fre- quency approximate solutions on small time intervals (possibly depending on the frequency). The classical notion of well-posedness, going back to Hadamard, re- quires the existence, the uniqueness and the continuity of the flow map on the spaces where the existence is established. It turns out that in many cases a stronger form of well-posedness holds. Namely, the flow map enjoys better con- tinuity properties as for example being Lipschitz continuous on bounded sets. In such a situation we say that the corresponding problem is semi-linearly well-posed in the corresponding functional setting. Our main message is that for dispersive PDE's, contrary to the case of hyperbolic PDE's, the verification whether an equation in hand is semi-linearly well-posed in a given functional framework re- quires a considerable care. Our examples are KdV type equations and non linear Schrodinger equations.
Mediating Role of Supervisory Communication Practices on Relations Between Leader–Member Exchange and Perceived Employee Commitment to Workgroup

Based on a study on employees and their immediate manager in a Malaysian organization, we examine the total, direct, and indirect effects of supervisory communication practices with LMX and group commitment using structural equation modeling and bootstrap procedure. Based on our analysis, we found that within the group where the supervisor and subordinates are embedded, positive relationships communication, upward openness communication, and job-relevant communication partially mediated the relation between LMX and group commitment. The consequences of these findings are discussed and elaborated in this article.