Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assistance Dogs: Historic Patterns and Roles of Dogs Placed by ADI or IGDF Accredited Facilities and by Non-Accredited U.S. Facilities

Dogs’ roles to support people with disabilities are increasing. Existing U.S. laws and regulations pertaining to the use of dogs for people with disabilities are only minimally enforced. Pushback legislation against some aspects of uses of assistance dogs currently is being passed or proposed in several states. Further, the U.S. Department of the Army and the Veterans’ Administration support only dogs trained by an Assistance Dogs International (ADI) or International Guide Dog Federation (IGDF) accredited facility. Lacking a mandatory national process for screening the selection, training, and placement of assistance dogs with persons who have disabilities, the U.S. offers a creative but confusing opportunity for people to train their own dogs for any disability. While no U.S. surveillance system monitors assistance dogs, other countries generally have a legislated or regulatory process for approving assistance dogs or a cultural convention for obtaining dogs from accredited facilities. We conducted an online survey investigating current demographics of assistance dogs placed in 2013 and 2014 with persons who have disabilities, by facilities worldwide that are associated with ADI or IGDF and by some non-accredited U.S. facilities. Placement data from ADI and IGDF facilities revealed that in most countries aside from the U.S., guide dogs were by far the main type of assistance dog placed. In the U.S., there were about equal numbers of mobility and guide dogs placed, including many placed by large older facilities, along with smaller numbers of other types of assistance dogs. In non-accredited U.S. facilities, psychiatric dogs accounted for most placements. Dogs for families with an autistic child were increasing in all regions around the world. Of dog breeds placed, accredited facilities usually mentioned Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers, and sometimes, German Shepherd Dogs. The facilities bred their dogs in-house, or acquired them from certain breeders. Non-accredited facilities more often used dogs from shelters or assisted people in training their own dogs. Facilities in Europe and the U.S. place dogs in all roles; other parts of the world primarily focus on guide dogs. Expansion of assistance dogs in many roles is continuing, with numbers of dogs placed accelerating internationally.
A Bus Park Information Integration System Based on J2EE and RFID

In this paper, by using a bus park information integration system based on J2EE framework, a web application system is described and a multi-level distributive application model is provided. This system enables us to manage a bus park through a web browser. Moreover, this system is based on the Seam of the newest JBOSS framework, while Seam can perfectly connect presentation layer with persistence layer, thus helping to maintain the consistency of management of the bus park database as well as to conduct the dynamic update and maintenance of data. At the same time, a high-efficiency RFID data stream cleaning framework is employed to ensure reliability of data in the system. It is proved by the experiment that this system has excellent performance and a promising application prospect.
Machine‐to‐machine communication with long‐term evolution with reduced device energy consumption

We present a method to reduce the device battery consumption to efficiently support battery‐operated machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication in 3GPP long‐term evolution. The long‐term evolution discontinuous reception (DRX) is a key mechanism in reducing the device energy consumption, and we discuss how the traffic behaviour of machines in the Internet of things scenarios differs from the typical cellular user of today, for whom the current DRX mechanism is optimised for. We list typical transactions in M2M scenarios and discuss how the DRX operation is affected. We continue by introducing a power consumption model for M2M devices. Our assumption is that the device transmits small amounts of data in the uplink with deterministic intervals. The model takes into account the energy consumption in the active and the nonactive periods of the communication, which alternate depending on the DRX configuration. We use the model with different parameter settings referring to potential future M2M devices and identify the parameters, which contribute most to the device energy consumption. The results indicate that making the current maximum DRX cycle length longer will lead to significant gains in the energy consumption of M2M devices compared with what is possible today. Our key contributions include the discussion of the DRX mechanism in the Internet of things scenarios and the realistic assumptions for the potential of trading the responsiveness of a device for energy consumption gain with very long DRX cycles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airy Phenomena and the Number of Sparsely Connected Graphs

The enumeration of connected graphs by excess (number of edges minus number of vertices) is a well-understood problem usually dealt by means of combinatorial decompositions or indirect formal series manipulations. In their work [3], Philippe Flajolet, Bruno Salvy, and Gilles Schaeer derive such enumerative results mainly using analytic methods. In particular, they exhibit strong connections between Airy functions and the complete asymptotic expansions of the number of connected graphs of fixed excesses.
Reinforced poly(propylene oxide): a very soft and extensible dielectric electroactive polymer

Poly(propylene oxide) (PPO), a novel soft elastomeric material, and its composites were investigated as a new dielectric electroactive polymer (EAP). The PPO networks were obtained from thiol-ene chemistry by photochemical crosslinking of α,ω-diallyl PPO with a tetra-functional thiol. The elastomer was reinforced with hexamethylenedisilazane treated fumed silica to improve the mechanical properties of PPO. The mechanical properties of PPO and composites thereof were investigated by shear rheology and stress–strain measurements. It was found that incorporation of silica particles improved the stability of the otherwise mechanically weak pure PPO network. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed high relative dielectric permittivity of PPO at 103 Hz of 5.6. The relative permittivity was decreased slightly upon addition of fillers, but remained higher than the commonly used acrylic EAP material VHB4910. The electromechanical actuation performance of both PPO and its composites showed properties as good as VHB4910 and a lower viscous loss.
Defects in flexible membranes with crystalline order.

We study isolated dislocations and disclinations in flexible membranes with internal crystalline order, using continuum elasticity theory and zero-temperature numerical simulation. These defects are relevant, for instance, to lipid bilayers in vesicles or in the ${L}_{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ phase of lyotropic smectic liquid crystals. We first simulate defects in flat membranes, obtaining numerical results in good agreement with plane elasticity theory. Disclinations and dislocations eventually exhibit a buckling transition with increasing membrane radius. We generalize the continuum theory to include such buckled defects, and solve the disclination equations in the inextensional limit. The critical radius at which buckling starts to screen out internal elastic stresses is determined numerically. Computer simulation of buckled defects confirms predictions of the disclination energies and gives evidence for a finite dislocation energy.
Analytical Modeling of Dual Material Gate All around Stack Architecture of Tunnel FET

An analytical model has been proposed to study the behavior of Dual Material Gate All Around Stack Architecture of TFET (DMGAASA TFET) in suppressing short channel effects. A comparative study of the Short Channel Effects for DMGAASA and Single material Gate All Around Stack Architecture of TFET (SMGAASA TFET) device structures has been carried out. DMGAASA TFET provides better results to prevent SCEs as compared to SMGAASA TFET. The analytical results obtained from the proposed model agree well with the simulated results obtained from TCAD sentaurus device simulator.
Supporting Assessment of Open Answers in a Didactic Setting

The Open Answers module is designed to be integrated into the social collaborative reputation-based elearning system SocialX, to manage answers to open questions. In particular, its aim is to support personal evaluation of skills and knowledge of students, involved in peer-assessment-based learning activities, while mitigating the workload imposed upon the teacher, for analysis and correction of the answers. In brief, 1) students do answer open questions, to be evaluated by peers and teacher; 2) students peer-evaluate each other's answers; 3) the teacher grades only a subset of the whole answers corpus; 4) the system infers the assessment for the remaining answers, by exploiting the relations established through the web of the students' peer-assessments of those answers, and the personal evaluation maintained for each student. The peer-assessment data are analyzed through a constraint-logic-based model of student's possible behaviors, obtaining a (possibly big! ) set of hypotheses on the answers' correctness. The teacher is proposed with a minimum set of answers to grade: by such grading (s)he helps narrowing the set of hypotheses. Testing of the constraint-logic-based analysis engine is ongoing by means of simulation devices that generate suitable sets of students' behaviors.
Effect of Route of Administration on Protective Action of Corticosterone and Cortisol Against Endotoxin

Summary 1. Both cortisol and corticosterone were effective in protecting rats against endotoxin when the steroid hormones were given intracardially at the time of administration of endotoxin. 2. Cortisol was more protective than corticosterone when both were given subcutaneously 24 hours before endotoxin; as the interval between the time of injection of steroid and the time of challenge with endotoxin was decreased, corticosterone was increasingly protective. 3. The rates of disappearance of corticosterone and cortisol from the blood of rats after intracardiac administration of steroid were similar. 4. The evidence indicates that corticosterone is more rapidly mobilized from local tissue sites of deposition than is cortisol and that the difference in the activity of these 2 substances after subcutaneous administration is due in large part to this difference. By inference, the many published differences in the biologic activities of cortisol and corticosterone may be subject to revision when control of this variable has been achieved. 5. Corticotropin and lipoadrenal extract were protective against endotoxin but desoxycorticosterone was not.
10-Gbit/s Burst-Mode Clock and Data Recovery Units for Optical Packet-Based Systems

We report 10-Gbit/s burst-mode clock and data recovery units for NRZ data format that use design-optimization, packaging, and bit-rate adjustment techniques. A fabricated unit operates at 9.953 Gbit/s with a wide bit-rate tolerance of 43 Mbit/s and a minimum preamble of only 9 bits.
lectroosmotically driven microfluidic actuators

A prototype electroactive polymer actuator has been developed based on electroosmotic (EO) pumping to create hydraulic pressure. The actuator was fabricated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with embedded micro-scale channels, reservoirs, and electrodes surmounted by a membrane. An applied voltage caused one reservoir to expand as fluid was pumped into it, and the other reservoir to contract, with the membrane above the expansion reservoir rising by 400 m within a few seconds. Since the prototype eywords: ctuator lastomer icrofluidics lectroosmosis was made from PDMS, which is an elastomer, the device was entirely flexible. The actuator performance was characterized, and it agreed well with predicted values. Furthermore, the calculations indicate that, once optimized, such actuators could have high stress as well as high strain and high speed. By combining unit cells such as these into a material and actuating them individually via independently controlled flexible electrodes, one could realize smart materials that could change shape. Other future applications , mic DMS mart material may include micro-valves
Identification of directional intention for a wheelchair robot using a distance fuzzy reasoning algorithm

To keep and ease daily activities for the people with walking disability, a wheelchair robot has been developed in the authors' lab. A joystick was designed for the user to manipulate the motion of robot. However, it is not convenient for the user to manipulate the joystick and conduct the daily activity concurrently. Therefore, in this paper, a novel method which can recognize the user's directional intention is proposed based on a distance-type fuzzy reasoning method. Firstly the fuzzy knowledge base is collected by experiments based on the fact that directional intention of the user has the relevance with the seating pressure distribution exerted to the seat of the robot. Then, the fuzzy if-then rules are constructed based on the collected fuzzy knowledge, and a distance-type fuzzy reasoning method is proposed to identify the directional intention of user using current seating pressures. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experiments.
Tactile sensing-based control algorithm for real-time grasp synthesis in object manipulation tasks of humanoid robot fingers

This paper presents development of tactile sensing-based control algorithm for humanoid robot finger system with optical three-axis tactile sensor mounted on fingertips. Our aim is to develop an intelligent control system that can recognize stiffness of unknown objects and respond to sudden changes of objectpsilas weight during object manipulation. For this purpose, we developed a novel optical three-axis tactile sensor system based on an optical waveguide transduction method capable of acquiring normal and shearing forces. We proposed a control algorithm in the finger control system based on tactile and slippage sensations, and analyzed real-time grasp synthesis in object manipulation tasks. The control algorithm was designed to control fingertips movements by defining optimum grasp pressure and perform re-push movement when slippage was detected in object manipulation tasks. Verification experiments using humanoid robot fingers were conducted whose results revealed that the fingerpsilas system managed to recognize the stiffness of unknown objects and complied with sudden changes of the objectpsilas weight during object manipulation tasks.
Restorative Treatment in Patients with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Review

PURPOSE To summarize the contemporary scientific evidence available regarding restorative dental treatment in patients with Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted using the search term "Amelogenesis imperfecta" and the PubMed/MEDLINE database as well as Google Scholar. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies that investigated the outcome of direct and/or indirect dental restorative treatment in patients with AI, were published in English, and had an observation time of at least 1 year were included in this review. The articles identified were screened and analyzed by two reviewers according to inclusion and exclusion criteria in three review rounds. RESULTS Six prospective or retrospective clinical studies analyzing longevity and complications associated with dental restorative treatment in patients with AI met the inclusion criteria. Extracted data suggest that in patients with AI, indirect restorations feature superior predictability and longevity than direct restorations. CONCLUSIONS As endodontic complications were infrequently observed and periodontal parameters regularly improve with the insertion of indirect restorations, dental treatment in patients with AI should focus on indirect restorations as soon as possible. While adhesive bonding techniques to enamel surfaces in patients with AI feature merely limited predictability and longevity and as the available data is scarce, further laboratory and clinical studies should be performed to investigate the performance of minimally invasive indirect restorations bonded to enamel in patients with AI. RECOMMENDATION Scientific evidence indicates that indirect restorations should be preferred over direct restorations in patients with AI.
Visualization of the Coalescence of Bismuth Nanoparticles

Abstract Coalescence is a significant pathway for the growth of nanostructures. Here we studied the coalescence of Bi nanoparticles in situ by liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth of Bi nanoparticles was initiated from a bismuth neodecanoate precursor solution by electron beam irradiation inside a liquid cell under the TEM. A significant number of coalescence events occurred from the as-grown Bi nanodots. Both symmetric coalescence of two equal-sized nanoparticles and asymmetric coalescence of two or more unequal-sized nanoparticles were analyzed along their growth trajectories. Our observation suggests that two mass transport mechanisms, i.e., surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion, are responsible for the shape evolution of nanoparticles after a coalescence event.
The length heuristic for simultaneous hypothesis tests

We observe a sequence of test statistics T = (T 1 , T 2 , ., T J ), each of which is approximately N(0,1) under the null hypothesis H 0 , but which are correlated with each other. Not being certain which T j is best, we use the test statistic T max = max{T 1 , . , T J ). For a given observed value of T max , say c, what is the significance probability pr(T max > c)? Define the length of T to be Σ j L =2 arccos(p j-1,j ), where p j-1,j is the null hypothesis correlation between T j-1 and T j . Hotelling's theorem on the volume of tubes leads to a length-based bound on pr(T max > c) that usually beats the Bonferroni bound. It is easy to improve Hotelling's bound. Several examples show that in favourable circumstances the improved bounds can be good approximations to the actual value of pr(T max > c).
Particle size of a new endodontic cement compared to Root MTA and calcium hydroxide

INTRODUCTION: Particle size and distribution can influence the properties of materials. This study analyzed and compared the particle size of Root MTA, calcium hydroxide (CH), and a new endodontic cement called calcium enriched material (CEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The particle size of each material was analyzed three times using 0.05 mg of test material with a particle size analyzer. The particle size distribution ranges, the cumulative percentage and the mean of particle sizes were calculated. One-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that the distribution of particles was dissimilar. Particle mean size in the three different materials was not significantly different. However, the cumulative percentage of CH and CEM cement particles size demonstrated significant difference (P<0.05). Among the various particle size distributions, the particle distribution in the size range of ≤30 μm showed significant difference between materials (P<0.05). Interestingly, the smallest range of particle size belonged to CEM cement. CONCLUSION: The high percentage of small particles found in CEM cement provides desirable properties such as effective seal, good setting time and film thickness in addition to favorable flow and adaptability.
BabA-mediated Adherence Is a Potentiator of the Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System Activity*

Chronic infection of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach mucosa with translocation of the bacterial cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) effector protein via the cag-Type IV secretion system (TFSS) into host epithelial cells are major risk factors for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancer. The blood group antigen-binding adhesin BabA mediates the adherence of H. pylori to ABO/Lewis b (Leb) blood group antigens in the gastric pit region of the human stomach mucosa. Here, we show both in vitro and in vivo that BabA-mediated binding of H. pylori to Leb on the epithelial surface augments TFSS-dependent H. pylori pathogenicity by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines and precancer-related factors. We successfully generated Leb-positive cell lineages by transfecting Leb-negative cells with several glycosyltransferase genes. Using these established cell lines, we found increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (CCL5 and IL-8) as well as precancer-related factors (CDX2 and MUC2) after the infection of Leb-positive cells with WT H. pylori but not with babA or TFSS deletion mutants. This increased mRNA expression was abrogated when Leb-negative cells were infected with WT H. pylori. Thus, H. pylori can exploit BabA-Leb binding to trigger TFSS-dependent host cell signaling to induce the transcription of genes that enhance inflammation, development of intestinal metaplasia, and associated precancerous transformations.
Prediction-based admission control for DiffServ wireless Internet

Wireless Internet consists of different wireless technologies that should operate together in a consistent way to provide seamless quality of service to wireless users. In this paper, a wireless cellular architecture overlaid with DiffServ domains is considered. We propose a flexible hierarchical framework for admission control based on this architecture which aims to keep the handoff dropping probability below a target level while maximizing the network utilization. The novelty of our proposal is that (1) our prediction-based admission control scheme considers not only intra-domain but also inter-domain handoffs, while (2) it is based on on-line bandwidth requirement prediction, and (3) benefits from different priorities among different service classes to improve the network utilization by accommodating high-priority handoffs at the expense of dropping low-priority calls. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms the basic trunk reservation scheme with domain and cell-level reservations.
Adjustment of GDC layer microstructure and its influence on the electrochemical properties of microtubular SOFCs

The development of a dense chemical reaction blocking layer (CRBL) for micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) was the aim of this study. The electrochemical performance and stability of SOFCs were also investigated since they strongly depend on fabrication conditions for the electrolyte and CRBL layers. Slurries of two commercial Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.90 powders were prepared and deposited by dip coating onto micro-tubular SOFCs. The results indicate that the layer density and homogeneity are essentially determined by the width of particle size distribution (PSD) apart from the colloidal stability. Two methods were applied for achieving a narrow PSD additional to dispersion: grinding and centrifugation. Particles with a very narrow PSD obtained through centrifugation process could be sintered together even at 1300°C and a layer with a density close to 99 % could be reached. In contrast, simple ultrasonic dispersion of powders diminished the distribution width insuf ﬁ ciently and gave porous layer. Impedance measurements showed clear relationship between GDC layer density and ohmic resistance of the cells which directly correlates to their performance with a power density 0.75W / cm 2 at 0.7volt and OCV ³ 1.06V obtained at 850°C for the cells with the densest GDC layer.