Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ILLUSION OF KNOWING IN METACOGNITIVE MONITORING: REVIEW OF POSSIBLE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

The paper highlights possible causes and consequenc es of the illusion of knowing in metacognitive monitoring of the learning activity of university students through the effects of different types of informati on proposed, and also of personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychologi cal characteristics of university students ( n = 262; M = 19,5; SD = 1,87). According to the results, the illusion of knowing occurring mostly in prospective judgements of learning can be caused by the type of information (it was higher in the state ments), task type (it appeared in multiple-choice questions), text length (its levels were higher in larger texts) and style (overconfidence occurred while learning the texts o f the belletristic style). Female students tended towards slight overconfidence and t he illusion of knowing was more typical for younger students with lower levels of a cademic achievements. Possible consequences of the phenomenon, ways of its annihil ation, and further avenues for research are also described.
Manetho: Transparent Rollback-Recovery with Low Overhead, Limited Rollback, and Fast Output Commit

Manetho is a new transparent rollback-recovery protocol for long-running distributed computations. It uses a novel combination of antecedence graph maintenance, uncoordinated checkpointing, and sender-based message logging. Manetho simultaneously achieves the advantages of pessimistic message logging, namely limited rollback and, fast output commit, and the advantage of optimistic message logging, namely low failure-free overhead. These advantages come at the expense of a complex recovery scheme. >
Multiple Independent Lazy Intruders

We consider a model of multiple independent intruders that have no ability to share knowledge between each other. We use this model to analyze security in wireless ad-hoc networks, where each intruder has a local control in the network, i.e., he can read and send messages only to his direct neighbors. Another application is the mobile ambient calculus where several intruder processes are not able to exchange their knowledge. Both these security problems can be reduced to satisfiability of lazy intruder constraint systems, for a bounded number of steps of the honest agents. However, the constraint-based verification method usually relies on a well-formedness property of constraints. This well-formedness entails that the constraints can be ordered so that the intruder knowledge is monotonically growing. This does not hold for several intruders that learn independent of each other. For the resulting generalized class of weak-well-formed constraints, we give a novel constraint reduction procedure and prove that it is sound, complete and terminating. We also prove that it is NP-complete. KeywordsMultiple independent intruders, constraint-based deduction, routing protocols, mobile code.
General Concept Inclusions inFluzzy Description Logics

Fuzzy Description Logics (fuzzy DLs) have been proposed as a language to describe structured knowledge with vague concepts. A major theoretical and computational limitation so far is the inability to deal with General Concept Inclusions (GCIs), which is an important feature of classical DLs. In this paper, we address this issue and develop a calculus for fuzzy DLs with GCIs.
Post-traumatic stress and related symptoms in a gestation after a gestational loss: narrative review

Background. Around 30% of pregnancies conclude in a gestational loss. Most women who suffer a gestational loss become pregnant again. However, mothers who have experienced this situation live the new pregnancy with fear and anxiety. Objective. To perform an update of the main works done in the study of post-traumatic stress and related symptoms during pregnancy after a gestational loss. Method. The Medline database was consulted. Articles published from 2007 to date were selected. Key words related to the topic of study were used. Results. The studies reviewed showed five entities that deserve attention during a pregnancy achieved after a gestational loss: post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, relationship, and relationship with the future child. There is a relationship between the presence of post-traumatic stress and the risk of developing depression and anxiety. Discussion and conclusion. Women who experience perinatal loss, regardless of the type of loss and the gestational age in which it occurs, are at risk of continuing grief, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress in later pregnancy. The gestational age and the time elapsed between the perinatal loss and the next pregnancy seem to be the most influential factors in the development of post-traumatic stress sindrome, and symptoms of dysfunctional grief, anxiety, and depression.
Architecture for efficiently streaming stored video using TCP

: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) with its well-established congestion control mechanism is the prevailing transport layer protocol for non-real time data in current IP (Internet Protocol) networks. It would be desirable to transmit any type of multimedia data using TCP in order to take advantage of the extensive operational experience behind TCP in the Internet. However, some features of TCP including retransmissions and variations in throughput and delay, although not catastrophic for non-real time data, may result in inefficiencies for video streaming applications. In this paper, we propose an architecture which consists of an input buffer at the server side, coupled with the congestion control mechanism of TCP at the transport layer, for efficiently streaming stored video in the best-effort Internet. The proposed buffer management scheme selectively discards low priority frames from its head-end, which otherwise would jeopardize the successful playout of high priority frames. Moreover, the proposed discarding policy is adaptive to changes in the bandwidth available to the video stream.
Optimal stopping for event-triggered sensing and actuation

Novel event-triggered sensing and actuation strategies are presented for networked control systems with limited communication resources. Two architectures are considered: one with the controller co-located with the sensor and one with the control co-located with the actuator. A stochastic control problem with an optimal stopping rule is shown to capture two interesting instances of these architectures. The solution of the problem leads to a parametrization of the control alphabet as piecewise constant commands. The execution of the control commands is triggered by stopping rules for the sensor. In simple situations, it is possible to analytically derive the optimal controller. Examples illustrate how the new event-based control and sensing strategies outperform conventional time-triggered schemes.
Object Recognition with Multicopters ?

Data acquisition with semi-autonomous flying robots, e.g. multicopters, has several advantages over conventional inspections or aerial photographs. However, in order to facilitate the handling of the flying robot for the pilot, it seems to be appropriate to employ semantic object recognition, making the robot more autonomous. In this paper, we therefore report ongoing work on applying semantic object recognition, where the image recognition procedure works as follows: Each object in an image is composed of segments with different shapes and colors. In order to recognize an object, e.g. a plane, it is necessary to find out which segments are typical for this object and in which neighborhood of other segments they occur. Typical adjacent segments for a certain object define the whole object in the image. A hierarchical composition of segment clusters enables model building, taking into account the spatial relations of the segments in the image. The procedure employs methods from machine learning, namely clustering and decision trees, and from computer vision, e.g. image pyramid segmentation and contour signatures.
SimPhony : voice group communication by Vidya Lakshmipathy

Communication is vital in any workplace. However, as workers become less tied to their desktops and computers, the need to provide them with a flexible, easy to use, mobile method of communication becomes more necessary. This is particularly true in "non-traditional" workplaces like factories or hospitals. Cell phones, PDA's, and walkie-talkies provide the mobility and most are easy to use, however, they are not designed specifically with the workplace in mind and as a result, they do not adapt to a worker's changing environment. The Simphony communication system is a mobile, voice-controlled, voice communication system built on the iPaq (or any similar PDA) designed specifically for distributed workgroups. It uses the 802.11b network to transmit either synchronous or asynchronous voice data depending on the worker's environment or preference. The system allows for one-to-one or one-to-many communication with voice instant messages or synchronous audio. Simphony transitions between different communication styles as the communication becomes more frequent. When at least 3 voice instant messages are exchanged between two individuals or between an individual and a group, the system automatically transitions them into a synchronous audio chat. The Simphony interface looks much like an instant messaging client but is accessible by voice commands or by button presses on the PDA screen. Simphony allows users to define groups of individuals with whom they can communicate with simultaneously. When a group that a user is a member of becomes active, the user receives notification of the activity by hearing approximately 10 seconds of the audio from that group. If the user is currently in another conversation, she can decide to remain in her present conversation or switch to the newly active group. This thesis describes the design and implementation of the Simphony system and its various applications in different areas. Thesis Supervisor: Christopher Schmandt Title: Principal Research Scientist, MIT Media Laboratory
DSLR: A Distributed Schedule Length Reduction Algorithm for WSNs

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) benefit from theMAC protocols that reduce power consumption by avoiding frame collisions. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) method provides collision free channel access by employing a pre-defined schedule so that the nodes can transmit at their allotted time slots. Most of the existing distributed TDMA-scheduling techniques for WSNs either try to improve the channel utilization by generating compact schedule which usually takes longer time, or generate schedule quickly, that may not be very efficient in terms of the schedule length. In this paper, we present a new approach to TDMA-scheduling for WSNs, that bridges the gap between these two extreme types of TDMA-scheduling techniques, by providing the flexibility to trade-off the schedule length with the time required to generate the schedule, as per the requirements of the underlying applications and channel conditions. The idea into generate a TDMA-schedule quickly using any of the existing algorithms, and then progressively reduce the TDMA-schedule length. In this context, we provide a distributed schedule length reduction (DSLR) algorithm which can be terminated after the execution of arbitrary number of iterations, and still bereft with a valid schedule. Additionally, unlike other TDMA-scheduling algorithms which use contention-based channel access, the DSLR algorithm uses TDMA-based channel access to perform the schedule reduction. The algorithm has been simulated using the Castalia simulator to compare its performance with those of others in terms of generated schedule length and the time required to generate the TDMA-schedule. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach, and show that the proposed algorithm generates a compact schedule in much less time in comparison to existing approaches.
Effect of ultra-endurance exercise on left ventricular performance and plasma cytokines in healthy trained men

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ultra-endurance exercise on left ventricular (LV) performance and plasma concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-18 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as well as to examine the relationships between exercise-induced changes in plasma cytokines and those in echocardiographic indices of LV function in ultra-marathon runners. Nine healthy trained men (mean age 30±1.0 years) participated in a 100-km ultra-marathon. Heart rate, blood pressure, ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), ratio of early (E) to late (A) mitral inflow peak velocities (E/A), ratio of early (E’) to late (A’) diastolic mitral annulus peak velocities (E’/A’) and E-wave deceleration time (DT) were obtained by echocardiography before, immediately after and in the 90th minute of the recovery period. Blood samples were taken before each echocardiographic evaluation. The ultra-endurance exercise caused significant increases in plasma IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α. Echocardiography revealed significant decreases in both E and the E/A ratio immediately after exercise, without any significant changes in EF, FS, DT or the E/E’ ratio. At the 90th minute of the recovery period, plasma TNF-α and the E/A ratio did not differ significantly from the pre-exercise values, whereas FS was significantly lower than before and immediately after exercise. The increases in plasma TNF-α correlated with changes in FS (r=0.73) and DT (r=-0.73). It is concluded that ultra-endurance exercise causes alterations in LV diastolic function. The present data suggest that TNF-α might be involved in this effect.
Adaptive spectral shaping using LP filter decomposition to improve perceptual quality of coded speech

An adaptive time-domain postfiltering technique based on the synthesis LP filter factorisation is proposed. Information is gathered about the relation between the LP filter poles and formants for this factorisation. This technique shapes the main formant differently from the other formants. Pole locations representing the main formant are modified and optimum shaping constants for each formant are searched to make more narrower main formant bandwidth while maintaining other formant information and more attenuation in valley regions.
The Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Study Design Literature review. Objective The aim of this literature review was to detail the effects of smoking in spine surgery and examine whether perioperative smoking cessation could mitigate these risks. Methods A review of the relevant literature examining the effects of smoking and cessation on surgery was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. Results Current smokers are significantly more likely to experience pseudarthrosis and postoperative infection and to report lower clinical outcomes after surgery in both the cervical and lumbar spines. Smoking cessation can reduce the risks of these complications depending on both the duration and timing of tobacco abstinence. Conclusion Smoking negatively affects both the objective and subjective outcomes of surgery in the lumbar and cervical spine. Current literature supports smoking cessation as an effective tool in potentially mitigating these unwanted outcomes. Future investigations in this field should be directed toward developing a better understanding of the complex relationship between smoking and poorer outcomes in spine surgery as well as developing more efficacious cessation strategies.
A M.A.P. identification criterion for DCT-based watermarking

For reliably protecting the rights of multimedia data owners, digital watermarking techniques appear to be the best solution. A digital watermark is a code which is hidden into the multimedia data for carrying information regarding the copyright. In this paper the problem of the reliable identification of the watermark, in absence of the original unmarked image, is addressed. An optimum (based on a MAP, Maximum A Posteriori probability, criterion) watermark identificator is designed, for extracting watermarks inserted in the DCT domain. The watermark identificator is based on the knowledge of the probability density function of the DCT coefficients. The results support the optimality of the identificator and prove the robustness of the approach.
Childhood vaccinations in Croatia

The vaccination of children is an extremely important public health measure which significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality from various infectious diseases in the last sixty years in Croatia. The Childhood Vaccination Program in Croatia is based on mandatory vaccinations that are purchased by the state free of charge. Each year the program is announced by the Minister of Health based on the recommendations by the Croatian National Institute of Public Health. Today all Croatian children are compulsory vaccinated against ten different infectious diseases. Although the program has experienced significant quality improvements in the recent years, including the introduction of modern, combination vaccines, room for further improvement and inclusion of new vaccines, despite the complex economic situation, certainly exists.
Some first order algorithms for ` 1 / nuclear norm minimization

In the last decade, the problems related to l1/nuclear norm minimization attract a lot of attention in Signal Processing, Machine Learning and Optimization communities. In this paper, devoted to `1/nuclear norm minimization as “optimization beasts,” we give a detailed description of two attractive First Order optimization techniques for solving the problems of this type. The first one, aimed primarily at Lasso type problems, is the Fast Gradient Methods as applied to Composite Minimization formulations. The second approach, aimed at Dantzig Selector type problems, utilizes saddle point First Order algorithms and reformulation of the problem of interest as generalized bilinear saddle point problem. For both approaches, we give complete and detailed complexity analysis and discuss the application domains.
A Critical Reading Process on Foreign Language Pedagogical Knowledge: Toward a Developmental Theory of Beginning Teacher Practices (The Abstract Text of A Research Paper in The Modern Language Journal)

This article discusses the abstract of the paper entitled Foreign Language Pedagogical Knowledge: Toward a Developmental Theory of Beginning Teacher Practices in The Modern Language Journal 91(07):63-82 from critical thinking standards and critical literacy supported by systemic functional grammar aspects. The analyses indicate that the text can be considered as an appropriate text considering the author, its audience, its well-established and complete structure, and a very concise purpose. The text is clear, accurate, relevant, broad, and sufficient. It is consistent to what it discusses along the text, provides the facts instead of opinions, and contains so many topics but lacks cohesive devices. Besides, the critical literacy aspects guide the reader to explore deeper into the text by using systemic functional grammar some aspect of cohesion is solved by theme progression and the use of tenses and modals. The discussion has assisted the reader to come to a conclusion that the abstract is well presented/produced.
The Effects of Signal Erosion and Core Genome Reduction on the Identification of Diagnostic Markers

ABSTRACT Whole-genome sequence (WGS) data are commonly used to design diagnostic targets for the identification of bacterial pathogens. To do this effectively, genomics databases must be comprehensive to identify the strict core genome that is specific to the target pathogen. As additional genomes are analyzed, the core genome size is reduced and there is erosion of the target-specific regions due to commonality with related species, potentially resulting in the identification of false positives and/or false negatives. IMPORTANCE A comparative analysis of 1,130 Burkholderia genomes identified unique markers for many named species, including the human pathogens B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. Due to core genome reduction and signature erosion, only 38 targets specific to B. pseudomallei/mallei were identified. By using only public genomes, a larger number of markers were identified, due to undersampling, and this larger number represents the potential for false positives. This analysis has implications for the design of diagnostics for other species where the genomic space of the target and/or closely related species is not well defined. A comparative analysis of 1,130 Burkholderia genomes identified unique markers for many named species, including the human pathogens B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. Due to core genome reduction and signature erosion, only 38 targets specific to B. pseudomallei/mallei were identified. By using only public genomes, a larger number of markers were identified, due to undersampling, and this larger number represents the potential for false positives. This analysis has implications for the design of diagnostics for other species where the genomic space of the target and/or closely related species is not well defined.
A study on trends of mobile application usage and their distribution methods in Pakistan

Journey from calculators to computers has seen remarkable success. World has now gone mobile from being fixed-ended. And mobility seems to be promising to provide the computing facilities with same richness. Today, mobile phones and smart phones in particular mean a lot more than just a mean of communication. Numerous mobile applications have become an inevitable part of everyday life. With ever increasing number and types of these applications, distribution methods used for these applications become important. In this study we have conducted a survey to examine some basic trends in usage of mobile applications and different methods for their distribution on the mobile phones. Statistics reveal that most of the distribution methods available are almost equally used.
Teaching Interaction Design: Matters, Materials and Means

The designer works with people, with materials, with products. Designers are seen as people concerned with form, function and surface. But how often is the designer associated with technology? Still programming can be just as a creative activity as drawing. Deriving from experiences from the discipline of Interaction Design, we advocate a wider view on what a designer is and does by describing how we treat computational technology as any other design material and how we train engineering students and others into becoming designers in a technology-oriented environment. Our method to create an education in applied Interaction Design lends ideas from traditional design education, for instance open problems and exhibitions of results, but also incorporates high-fidelity prototyping and multidisciplinary projects carried out by heterogeneous groups, since this lies in the nature of the subject and the students.
Ju l 1 99 7 Noise and dynamic transitions

A parabolic stochastic PDE is studied analytically and numerically, when a bi-furcation parameter is slowly increased through its critical value. The aim is to understand the effect of noise on delayed bifurcations in systems with spatial degrees of freedom. Realisations of the nonautonomous stochastic PDE remain near the unstable configuration for a long time after the bifurcation parameter passes through its critical value, then jump to a new configuration. The effect of the non-linearity is to freeze in the spatial structure formed from the noise near the critical value.