Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural magnetic ressonance imaging in anxiety disorders: an update of research findings Ressonância magnética estrutural em transtornos de ansiedade: atualização dos achados de pesquisa

Objective: The aim of the present report is to present a systematic and critical review of the more recent literature data about structural abnormalities detected by magnetic ressonance in anxiety disorders. Method: A review of the literature in the last five years was conducted by a search of the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO indexing services using the following key words: “anxiety”, “panic”, “agoraphobia”, “social anxiety”, “posttraumatic” and “obsessive-compulsive”, crossed one by one with “magnetic resonance”, “voxel-based”, “ROI” and “morphometry”. Results: We selected 134 articles and 41 of them were included in our review. Recent studies have shown significant morphological abnormalities in various brain regions of patients with anxiety disorders and healthy controls. Despite some apparently contradictory findings, perhaps reflecting the variability and limitations of the methodologies used, certain brain regions appear to be altered in a consistent and relatively specific manner in some anxiety disorders. These include the hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex in posttraumatic stress disorder and the orbitofrontal cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Conclusions: The present review indicates that structural neuroimaging has contributed to a better understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders. Further development of neuroimaging techniques, better sample standardization and the integration of data across neuroimaging modalities may extend progress in this area. Descriptors: Anxiety; Magnetic resonance imaging; Image processing computer-assisted; Cone-beam computed tomography; Models, structural
Age-Related 1H NMR Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Newborn and Young Healthy Piglets

When it comes to neuroscience, pigs represent an important animal model due to their resemblance with humans’ brains for several patterns including anatomy and developmental stages. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a relatively easy-to-collect specimen that can provide important information about neurological health and function, proving its importance as both a diagnostic and biomedical monitoring tool. Consequently, it would be of high scientific interest and value to obtain more standard physiological information regarding its composition and dynamics for both swine pathology and the refinement of experimental protocols. Recently, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy has been applied in order to analyze the metabolomic profile of this biological fluid, and results showed the technique to be highly reproducible and reliable. The aim of the present study was to investigate in both qualitative and quantitative manner the composition of Cerebrospinal Fluid harvested form healthy newborn (5 days old-P5) and young (30-P30 and 50-P50 days old) piglets using 1H NMR Spectroscopy, and to analyze any possible difference in metabolites concentration between age groups, related to age and Blood-Brain-Barrier maturation. On each of the analyzed samples, 30 molecules could be observed above their limit of quantification, accounting for 95–98% of the total area of the spectra. The concentrations of adenine, tyrosine, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate were found to decrease between P05 and P50, while the concentrations of glutamine, creatinine, methanol, trimethylamine and myo-inositol were found to increase. The P05-P30 comparison was also significant for glutamine, creatinine, adenine, tyrosine, leucine, valine, 3-hydroxyisovalerate, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, while for the P30-P50 comparison we found significant differences for glutamine, myo-inositol, leucine and trimethylamine. None of these molecules showed at P30 concentrations outside the P05 –P50 range.
The MAGIC telescope for gamma-ray astronomy above 30 GeV

The MAGIC telescope, presently at its commissioning phase, will become fully operative by the end of 2003. Placed at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM) on the island of La Palma, MAGIC is the largest among new generation ground-based gamma ray telescopes, and will reach an energy threshold as low as 30 GeV. The range of the electromagnetic spectrum between 10 and 250 GeV remains to date mostly unexplored. Observations in this energy region are expected to provide key data for the understanding of a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena belonging to the so-called ``non thermal Universe'', like the processes in the nuclei of active galaxies, the radiation mechanisms of pulsars and supernova remnants, and the enigmatic gamma-ray bursts. An overview of the telescope and its physics goals is presented.
HO‐1 is located in liver mitochondria and modulates mitochondrial heme content and metabolism

This study investigated whether inducible HO‐1 is targeted to mitochondria and its putative effects on oxidative metabolism in rat liver. Western blot and immune‐electron microscopy in whole purified and fractionated organelles showed basal expression of HO‐1 protein in both microsomes and mitochondria (inner membrane), accompanied by a parallel HO activity. Inducers of HO‐1 increased HO‐1 targeting to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which also contained biliverdin reductase, supporting that both enzymes are in the same compartmentalization. Induction of mitochondrial HO‐1 was associated with a decrease of mitochondrial heme content and selective reduction of protein expression of cytochrome oxidase (COX) subunit I, which is coded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized in the mitochondria depending on heme availability; these changes resulted in decreased COX spectrum and activity. Mitochondrial HO‐1 induction was also associated with down‐regulation of mitochondrial‐targeted NO synthase expression and activity, resulting in a reduction of NO‐dependent mitochondrial oxidant yield; inhibition of HO‐1 activity reverted these effects. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time localization of HO‐1 protein in mitochondria. It is surmised that mitochondrial HO‐1 has important biological roles in regulating mitochondrial heme protein turnover and in protecting against conditions such as hypoxia, neurodegenerative diseases, or sepsis, in which substantially increased mitochondrial NO and oxidant production have been implicated. —Converso, D. P., Taille, C. , Carreras, M. C. , Jaitovich, A. , Poderoso, J. J., Boczkowski, J. HO‐1 is located in liver mitochondria and modulates mitochondrial heme content and metabolism. FASEB J. 20, E482–E492 (2006)
Demonstrating the optimal placement of virtualized cellular network functions in case of large crowd events

This demonstration shows how Network Function Virtualisation (NFV) [1] can be used by a network provider to dynamically provide required mobile core network functions in case of a large ”Mega” event like a soccer game or a music festival. Economical reasons may not justify the installation or continuous maintenance of expensive dedicated hardware which is necessary to cope with the high load generated by visitors of such an event only in some parts of the network and only for a short time. The Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in nowadays’ mobile LTE networks consists of several, specialized components: first pure control-plane elements like Mobility Management Entities (MME) which can be installed on virtualized IT hardware in the cloud already today and second gateways which are a mixture of controland user-plane. This demonstration focuses on the Serving Gateway (SGW) which switches GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) tunnels in a LTE network. In such an LTE network with ≈ 10 mio. subscribers about 10 SGW devices are in use. On the way to a successful deployment of NFV-based EPC components, several challenges have to be met. This includes the deployment, interconnection and configuration of LTE components in the cloud. As such, entities that instantiate and orchestrate the virtualized functions are required. The presented demonstration shows a scenario of NFVbased dynamic capacity addition to a LTE mobile network, indicated in Figure 1. By incorporating the new demands added by the increased access capacity, virtualized SGW instances are launched at the optimal locations in the network, by re-programming SDN enabled network elements (NE+). Figure 1(a) shows the normal configuration of the LTE network including the statically located SGW devices as well as
Interaction of Adrenal and Gonadal Axes during Stress in Males

In mammals, chronic exposure to different types of stressors, its strength and duration has long been recognized as a disruptive factor in the reproductive function. In males, stress has a suppressive effect on testosterone secretion, spermatogenesis and sexual behavior. Severe suppression of reproduction appears to be caused by hormones secreted when the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated during stress. Since Hans Selye suggested in 1946 that chronic stress increases activity in the HPA axis and at the same time suppresses activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HGA) axis, there have been several studies demonstrating this antagonistic relationship. The centrally mediated inhibition of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hormones of the HPA, such as corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), β-endorphins, and glucocorticoids, as well as the gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), the decrease in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, and the direct effects of stress-hormones on testis leading to the reduction in testosterone secretion are discussed. The aim of this review is focused on the suppression of testicular axis caused by stress, as well as its reproductive consequences in fertility and sexual behavior in males.
Dynamics based motion optimization and operational space control with an experimental rescue robot, HUBO T-100

This paper introduces an experimental rescue robot, HUBO T-100 for a development of a Korean rescue robot with a large load carrying capacity and presents its optimal motion control methods. The mission of the rescue robot is to move and lift patients or soldiers with impaired mobility for the rescue and assistance in the battlefields, hospitals, hazardous and disastrous environments. Another mission includes to dispose and transfer a dangerous object or explosive ordnance. In order to execute these kind of missions, coordinated whole body motions need to be synthesized. We are to make use of a dynamics based motion optimization in the joint space to lift a object with the minimum joint torques while maintaining stability simultaneously. Complex tasks are planned in the operational space and controlled in the multi level hierarchy based on a task primitive priority. Experimental results are to be demonstrated, both in simulations and physical experiments with a humanoid robot, HUBO T-100.
A Note on the Security Proof of Waters Identity-Based Encryption

In EUROCRYPT 2005, Waters proposed the first efficient identity based encryption scheme which was proven fully secure in the standard model. Due to its efficiency and security attributes, Waters IBE scheme has been used in numerous diverse applications as a primitive. The security proof of Waters IBE scheme cannot be easily understood and verified for the artificial abort technique and the complex probability computation. In this paper, we provide a detailed derivation for the original probability computation, with the aim at making it easier to be understood.
Reinterpretation of Regime Analysis in International Relations

This kind of study is not the first attempt to look at conflict management procedures through a regime paradigm; that has already recently been attempted by proponents of the problem-structural mode of analysis. About the conflictual nature of issues, and of how routines are internally related to issue-areas problem structuralists have conceptualized international routines as a particular function of conflict.
Fibrin D-Dimer and Coronary Heart Disease: Prospective Study and Meta-Analysis

Background—It is unknown whether modest increases of fibrin D-dimer, a circulating marker of fibrin turnover, are relevant to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population. Methods and Results—We measured serum concentrations of D-dimer antigen in the stored baseline blood samples of 630 CHD cases and 1269 controls “nested” in a prospective cohort of 5661 men who were monitored for 16 years, and we conducted a meta-analysis of previous relevant studies to place our findings in context. In a comparison of men in the top third compared with those in the bottom third of baseline fibrin D-dimer values (tertile cutoffs, >94 versus <49 ng/mL), the odds ratio for CHD was 1.67 (95% CI, 1.31 to 2.13;P <0.0001) after adjustments for age and town. The odds ratio increased slightly after further adjustment for smoking, other classic risk factors, and indicators of socioeconomic status (1.79; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.36). Strong correlations were observed of fibrin D-dimer values with circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein but not with smoking, blood lipids, blood pressure, and other risk factors. Conclusion—Although there may be an association between circulating D-dimer values and CHD, further studies are needed to determine the extent to which this is causal.
Downstream aggradation owing to lava dome extrusion and rainfall runoff at Volcán Santiaguito, Guatemala

Persistent lava extrusion at the Santiaguito dome complex (Guatemala) results in continuous lahar activity and river bed aggradation downstream of the volcano. We present a simple method that uses vegetation indices extracted from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data to map impacted zones. Application of this technique to a time series of 21 TM images acquired between 1987 and 2000 allow us to map, measure, and track temporal and spatial variations in the area of lahar impact and river aggradation. Harris, A.J.L. , Vallance, J.W. , Kimberly, P., Rose, W.I. , Matías, O. , Bunzendahl, E. , Flynn, L.P., and Garbeil, H. , 2006, Downstream aggradation owing to lava dome extrusion and rainfall runoff at Volcán Santiaguito, Guatemala, in Rose, W.I. , Bluth, G.J.S. , Carr, M.J., Ewert, J.W. , Patino, L.C. , and Vallance, J.W. , Volcanic hazards in Central America: Geological Society of America Special Paper 412, p. 85–104, doi: 10.1130/2006.2412(05). For permission to copy, contact editing@ geosociety.org. ©2006 Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. *E-mail: harris@higp.hawaii. edu
SPARTA: A System Partitioning Aid

This paper presents SPARTA, the System PARTitioning Aid. Partitioning is the design phase in which a system's functionality is divided into smaller parts that fit onto physical units. SPARTA is a unique and interesting approach to computer-aided partitioning of systems SPARTA performs the tedious calculation of each design factor (such as area) for each partition (such as chips). This allows the designer to evaluate many partitionings within a very short time with minimal effort. SPARTA does not generate partitionings, it evaluates the user's partitionings in a way similar to spreadsheet programs. SPARTA was designed as a testbed for future work on partitioning algorithms.
Performance analysis of hierarchical cellular networks with generally distributed call holding times and dwell times

In this paper, we propose a new technique for the performance analysis of cellular mobile communication networks based on a frequency division multiple access/time division multiple access scheme (such as global system for mobile communications), in which the utilization of two separate frequency bands leads to a complex cellular structure with overlapping microcells and macrocells. Call durations and dwell times are described by random variables with general distributions; the call duration distribution is then approximated by a two-phase hyper-exponential distribution with the same first and second moments as the original general distribution. The analysis technique is based on Markovian assumptions as regards the traffic flows entering both microcells and macrocells, as well as an assumption of flow balance between handovers into and out of any cell. The analytical model is validated against results of detailed simulation experiments for various system configurations, and shown to provide quite accurate predictions.
Real-Time Detection of Drowsiness Related Lane Departures Using Steering Wheel Angle

Drowsy driving is a significant factor in many motor vehicle crashes in the United States and across the world. Efforts to reduce these crashes have developed numerous algorithms to detect both acute and chronic drowsiness. These algorithms employ behavioral and physiological data, and have used different machine learning techniques. This work proposes a new approach for detecting drowsiness related lane departures, which uses unfiltered steering wheel angle data and a random forest algorithm. Using a data set from the National Advanced Driving Simulator the algorithm was compared with a commonly used algorithm, PERCLOS and a simpler algorithm constructed from distribution parameters. The random forest algorithm had higher accuracy and Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) than PERCLOS and had comparable positive predictive value. The results show that steering-angle can be used to predict drowsiness related lane-departures six seconds before they occur, and suggest that the random forest algorithm, when paired with an alert system, could significantly reduce vehicle crashes.
Interrogating and Reimagining the Virtual Public Sphere in Developing Countries

Revisiting the concept of a virtual public sphere, this chapter interrogates the concepts of good governance, digital divide, the role of culture in identifying what constitutes common good and examines how Habermas' conceptualization of the public sphere relates to non-Western contexts where asymmetries in access to basic resources, power to leverage networks, and levels of civic competencies are the norm. Through case studies from Bangalore City, India, where information and communication technologies are being used to empower ordinary citizens to participate in local governance in the face of deep digital divides, it is argued that there is a need to avoid essentialising and privileging online venues and interactions in our discussions of the virtual public sphere and study how people strategically combine preexisting civic and communication networks with the affordances of new media technologies to participate as citizens.
The k-unobservability: A new privacy protection guarantee for e-service systems

Privacy threats are considered as very serious issues in Internet-based applications such as e-services since there are good opportunities to malicious attacks. Protecting the user from being observed when requesting an e-service is a fundamental right that any user should have. The unobservability is among the basic privacy properties. However, most of the existing privacy preserving techniques has difficulties to achieve this property, and only a few of them use it in the context of mobile communications. In this paper, we propose a new privacy-preserving model, called k-unobservability that enables to achieve the privacy protection of e-service users. The model guarantees that the pseudonyms used to identify sensitive data contained in the user credentials, are related to no less than k actions (credential showings). Inspired from the efficient k-anonymity model, the k-unobservability provides a new guarantee of privacy protection in e-services. The experimentation results discussed in this paper, demonstrate the performance and applicability of our proposed model.
Role of the Fc ’ yR subclasses FcyRll and FcyRlll in the

Two Fey receptor (FcyR) subclasses on human neutrophils, Fc’yRII and FeyRill, activate different cellular functions. To examine the involvement of each receptor subtype in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation, Fab and F(ab’)2 fragments of subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies ([niAbs] mAb IV.3 against FcyRII and mAb 3G8 against FcyRIII, respectively) were used to block the binding of low valency immune complexes (LICs) and high valency immune complexes (HICs). Flow cytometry then permitted the simultaneous quantitation of antibody and ligand binding, the elicited intracellular Ca2+ concentration (E4Ca2 ]mt), initiation of the oxidative burst, and/or the phospholipase A activation in the same cell. We have previously demonstrated that subsaturating dosages of HIC bind uniformly to all the cells but elicit an “all-or-none” (i.e., dose independent) maximal A[Ca2+]mt in a dose-dependent subpopuiation of the cells. In contrast, both the proportion of cells responding and the magnitude of the i [Ca2 ] t transient depend on the subsaturating dose of LIC, even though it too binds uniformly to all the cells, nonrespontling as well as responding. These earlier findings have here been extended by single cell flow cytometnc analysis to demonstrate that F(ab’)2 FcyRIII is the major FcIR involved in HIC binding (and [Ca2 ]111t mobilization), as well as in oxidative burst and phospholipase A activation. In contrast, both receptor subclasses must be available for LIC-elicited A[Ca2 jhat, as blockage by either of the mAb Fab or F(ab’)2 fragments abrogates this response, even though [AC binding to the receptors is not decreased. Furthermore, LIC elicited little oxidative burst activity and failed to activate phospholipase A but crosslinking to achieve multivalency, previously shown to induce [Ca2+]int and oxidative burst responses, eicited phospholipase A activity via FcyRIII. FcyRII’s role appears to be modulation of the small, late Ca2+ influx observed at > 1 mm, whereas FcIRIII modulates all the earlier larger events. Thus, simultaneous observation of receptor identity, receptor occupancy, and consequent activation parameters in the same cell by flow cytometry permits use to demonstrate that FcyRII is necessary for the small signal transduction elicited by LIC; it plays a relatively small role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulation by HIC. FcyRIII is the main receptor responsible for immune complex-elicited polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses; its efficacy is greatly enhanced when the receptors are cross-linked, either by preequilibrated multivalent complexes or by in situ cross-linking of bound LIC with excess antibody. J. Leukoc. Biol. 58: 415-422; 1995.
Dynamic Systems Approach to Analyzing Event Risks and Behavioral Risks with Game Theory

In the development of individual security concepts, risk-based information security management systems (ISMS)according to ISO 27001 have established themselves in addition to policies in the field of IT infrastructures. Particularly in the field of critical infrastructures, however, it has been shown that despite functioning security concepts, the Stuxnet virus was able to spread through industrial systems (infection). Nevertheless -- the existing security concepts are not useless, but rarely take e ffect in behavioral risk. In this paper, we use the Trust/Investor game of the Game Theory to analyze the infection path. In general, the infection path is one game in a complex multi layer game. As a result, based on a Nash equilibrium, a cooperative solution is proposed to arm the existing IT security concepts against such infections.