Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Necessity of Closed Circuit Loops in Minimal Combinational Circuits

A cellular-logic approach is used to generate a family of multiple-output combinational switching circuits containing closed loops ( of the type that normally generate sequential behavior) and composed of simple gates. These networks contain fewer gates than any loop-free realizations. Some members of the family are oscillatory, while others are stable with multiple stable states, but the outputs remain quiescent in both cases. This result appears to have repercussions on some of the well-known optimality results of switching theory.
Interleukin-23 Deficiency Leads to Impaired Wound Healing and Adverse Prognosis After Myocardial Infarction

Background— CD4+ cells are implicated in the healing process after myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to investigate the role of interleukin-23 (IL-23) deficiency, a cytokine important in differentiation of CD4+ cells, in scar formation of the ischemic heart. Methods and Results— MI was performed in wild-type and IL23p19−/− mice. Thirty-day mortality, hemodynamic function 4 days after MI and myocardial inflammation, and remodeling 4 and 30 days after MI were examined. Differentiation of fibroblasts from infarcted and noninfarcted hearts into myofibroblasts was examined under basal conditions and after stimulation with interferon-&ggr;, IL-17&agr; and IL-23. Interleukin-23p19−/− mice showed higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration in the scar early after MI compared with wild-type mice. A stronger interferon-&ggr;/Th1 reaction seemed to be responsible for the increased inflammation under IL-23 deficiency. Expression of &agr;-smooth muscle actin (&agr;-SMA), collagen I and III was significantly higher in the heart tissue and isolated cardiac fibroblasts 4 days after MI in the wild-type mice. Interleukin-23p19−/− mice showed impaired healing compared with wild-type mice, as seen by significantly higher mortality because of ventricular rupture (40% higher after 30 days) and stronger left ventricular dilation early after MI. Stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts with interferon-&ggr;, the main Th1 cytokine, but not with IL-23 or IL-17&agr;, led to a significant downregulation of &agr;-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and III and decreased migration and differentiation to myofibroblasts. Conclusions— IL-23 deficiency leads to increased myocardial inflammation and decreased cardiac fibroblast activation, associated with impaired scar formation and adverse remodeling after MI.
Global analysis of support practices in USLE-based soil erosion modeling

Support practices (SPs) influence the magnitude of soil loss and can be readily influenced by human interventions to mitigate soil loss. The SPs factor is expressed as the P-factor in the widely used soil erosion model – the universal soil loss equation (USLE) – and its revised version. Although the effects of SPs on soil erosion are well recognized, the quantification of the P-factor for soil loss modeling remains challenging. This limitation of the P-factor particularly restricts the applicability of USLE-based models at large scales. Here, we analyzed the P-factor values in USLE-based models from 196 published articles. The results were as follows: (a) an increasing trend in the number of studies has been observed in recent years, especially at large scales; (b) the P-factor values for paddy fields, orchards, and croplands were 0.16 ± 0.15, 0.47 ± 0.12, and 0.49 ± 0.21, respectively, and in terms of different types of SPs, the P-factor values for terracing, contouring, and strip-cropping were 0.28 ± 0.18, 0.52 ± 0.24, and 0.49 ± 0.28, respectively; (c) various methods have been developed for P-factor qualification, although the methods that consider SP conditions were most frequently used in studies with relatively smaller areas (< 100 km2), suggesting that USLE-based models are in need of improvement via the quantification of the P-factor, particularly with respect to the regional and global scale; and (d) further improvements of the P-factor for soil erosion modeling should concentrate on building P-factor datasets at the regional level according to data on the effectiveness of SPs on soil loss control based on field experiments in published articles, using advanced image processing techniques based on higher-resolution satellite imagery and developing proxy indicators for P-factors at large scales.
Development of Interatomic Potentials for Large Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Carbon Materials under Extreme Conditions

The goal of this PhD research project is to devise a robust interatomic potential for largescale molecular dynamics simulations of carbon materials under extreme conditions. This screened-environment dependent reactive empirical bond order potential (SED-REBO) is specifically designed to describe carbon materials under extreme compressive or tensile stresses. Based on the original REBO potential by Brenner and co-workers, SED-REBO includes reparametrized pairwise interaction terms and a new screening term, which serves the role of a variable cutoff. The SED-REBO potential overcomes the deficiencies found with the most commonly used interatomic potentials for carbon: the appearance of artificial forces due to short cutoff that are known to create erroneous phenomena including ductile fracture of graphene and carbon nanotubes, which contradicts the experimentally observed brittle character of these materials. SED-REBO was applied in large scale molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation of graphene membranes and shock-induced compression of diamond. It was shown in the first computational experiment that graphene membranes exhibit a non-linear response to large magnitude of indentation, followed by a brittle fracture in agreement with experiments. The strength of graphene was determined using the kinetic theory of fracture, and the crack propagation mechanisms in the material were identified. It was found in large-scale shock simulations that SED-REBO improves the predictive power of MD simulations of carbon materials at extreme conditions.
Coupled numerical and field-theoretical computation of the effects of circuit-package interactions on the linear and nonlinear performance of active MMIC's

The linear and nonlinear performance of packaged active microwave circuits is evaluated by a novel technique based on a combination of EM theory and numerical analysis. The metal enclosure is treated as a scatterer that radiates back the incident field generated by the unpackaged circuit, and the effects of such scattered field on circuit performance are evaluated by the reciprocity theorem. The results compare favorably with those produced by FEM and FDTD/FIT methods.
Development of Tics in a Thirteen-Year-Old Male Following Atomoxetine Use

ABSTRACT Tics and Tourette syndrome are common comorbidities of patients diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One of the mainstay pharmacologic therapies for ADHD has been stimulants. However, this class of drugs has been associated with tic exacerbations, thus limiting their utility in this patients subgroup. Atomoxetine has been explored as an alternative treatment as one of the few non-stimulants available to treat ADHD. Early data identifies atomoxetine's influence on Tourette symptomatology to be not merely equivocal but potentially suppressive in the manifestation of tics. There are, however, case studies describing patients experiencing recurrences of tics following treatment with atomoxetine. We present a unique case of a patient, without any prior history of a movement disorder, who developed tics following a single dose of atomoxetine that did not improve until interventional therapy was initiated.
Demography of on-line communities the case of wikis | Démographie des communautés en ligne. Le cas des wikis

Les communautes een ligne collaboratives ont connu un succes massif avec l’emergence des services et des plates-formes Web 2.0. Les wikis, et notamment la Wikipedia sont un des exemples les plus saillants de ce type de communautes de construction collective de contenus. La Wikipedia a a cet egard jusqu’ici concentre l’essentiel des efforts de recherche au sujet de ces communautes, meme si l’ensemble des wikis constitue un ecosysteme possedant une tres grande diversite de contenus, de populations, d’usages, de systemes de gouvernance. Au contraire de la Wikipedia qui a probablement atteint la masse critique lui permettant d’etre viable, la plupart des wikis luttent pour survivre et sont en competition afin d’attirer contributeurs et articles de qualit e, connaissant ainsi des destinees variees, vertueuses – croissance en population et en contenu – ou fatales – inactivite et vandalisme.
A Competency-Oriented Modeling Approach for Personalized E-Learning Systems

In order to optimize the information retrieval and adaptation facilities inside an e-learning system, there is necessary to improve accessibility and to correlate the educational materials, the users and the information. For this purpose, we present a semantic Web-based modeling approach for the materials annotations and user competences profile, based on the same domain ontology set. The ontologies constitute thus the binder between the materials and users, and we illustrate how their reasoning support contributes to the efficiency improvement of the search and adaptive Web services. As illustrative example, we present our developed I*Teach Web repository of educational scenarios.
Changes in vaginal physiology of menopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION Metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, have been associated with an increased risk of development of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). In experimental studies, vascular, neuronal, and hormonal responsiveness alteration at vaginal level were proposed as contributors to the onset of FSD in women with diabetes; however, conclusive data on humans are still lacking. AIMS The study aimed to assess changes in vascularization, sex steroid receptors, nitric oxide synthase, and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression occurring at vaginal level in women with diabetes. METHODS Vaginal biopsies were obtained from 21 postmenopausal women, 10 of whom were diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes mellitus. CD31, estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) expression and localization were analyzed by immunostaining. Expression of endothelial (eNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) nitric oxide synthase isoforms and AQP2 were also assessed in vaginal samples. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Changes in vaginal vascularization, sex steroids receptor, eNOS, nNOS and AQP2 expression. RESULTS Vaginal samples from women with diabetes showed an increased microvessel density in the lamina propria, which were morphologically disrupted suggesting an angiogenic compensatory mechanism. While no differences were seen in ERα, AR expression was significantly reduced in the vaginal epithelium and lamina propria of women with diabetes. Similarly, the gene and protein expressions of both nNOS and eNOS were significantly reduced in patients with diabetes, while AQP2 mRNAs level did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION Diabetes greatly impacts vaginal physiology, being associated with alterations of the vaginal lamina propria vascular network, nitrergic signaling, and AR expression. These alterations may contribute to the increased risk of FSD development in women with diabetes.
Isolation and characterization of 12 dinucleotide microsatellites in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla L., and tests of amplification in other species of eels

Twelve polymorphic dinucelotide microsatellites in the freshwater eel Anguilla anguilla L. were isolated and characterized. Genetic diversity was assessed in eels from Lake Constance, Germany. Allele numbers ranged from five to 26 per locus with observed heterozygosities between 0.125 and 0.875. A portion of locus AangCT77 aligns with a transcribed region of the zebrafish gene crystallin beta B2. Cross‐species amplification of most markers was possible for nine other Anguilla eel species. The newly developed primer pairs will facilitate population and conservation genetic studies in order to refine the understanding of the subtle population genetic structure typical of eels, and to identify interspecies admixture due to global trade.
Tsunami Data Assimilation Without a Dense Observation Network

The tsunami data assimilation method enables tsunami forecasting directly from observations, without the need of estimating tsunami sources. However, it requires a dense observation network to produce desirable results. Here we propose a modified method of tsunami data assimilation for regions with a sparse observation network. The method utilizes interpolated waveforms at virtual stations. The tsunami waveforms at the virtual stations between two existing observation stations are estimated by shifting arrival times with the linear interpolation of observed arrival times and by correcting the amplitudes for their water depths. In our new data assimilation approach, we employ the Optimal Interpolation algorithm to both the real observations and virtual stations, in order to construct a complete wavefront of tsunami propagation. The application to the 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake and the 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, earthquake reveals that addition of virtual stations greatly helps improve the tsunami forecasting accuracy.
Estimation of Optimal Time-Delay in Adaptive Command Shaping Filter for Residual Vibration Suppression

In the previously introduced direct adaptive command shaping filter the time-delay value is fixed and only the magnitudes of the impulses are learned. However, the performance of the direct adaptive time-delay command shaping filter depends on the select time-delay. In this paper, the authors introduce a new scheme to adapt the time-delay which is to be used in conjunction with the direct adaptive command shaping for the improved vibration suppression in flexible motion system. In order to formulate the time-delay adaptation scheme, the authors have analyzed the effect of the time-delay value on the performance of the direct adaptive command shaping filter. By modifying the direct adaptation formula based on the analysis result the authors have established a set of equations to adapt the time-delay toward the optimal value. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed time-delay adaptation approach for the improved vibration suppression.
Immediate bleeding complications in dental implants: A systematic review

Objective: A review is made of the immediate or immediate postoperative bleeding complications in dental implants, with a view to identifying the areas of greatest bleeding risk, the causes of bleeding, the length of the implants associated with bleeding, the most frequently implicated blood vessels, and the treatments used to resolve these complications. Material and Methods: A Medline (PubMed) and Embase search was made of articles on immediate bleeding complications in dental implants published in English up until May 2014. Inclusion criteria: studies in humans subjects with severe bleeding immediately secondary to implant placement, which reported the time until the hemorrhage, the implant lenght, the possible cause of bleeding and the treatment. Exclusion criteria: patients receiving anticoagulation treatment. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. The area with the largest number of bleeding complications corresponded to the mandibular canine. The cause of bleeding was lingual cortical bone perforation during implant placement, with damage to the sublingual artery. The implants associated with bleeding were those measuring 15 mm in length or more. Management focused on securing the airway (with intubation or tracheostomy if necessary), with bleeding control. Conclusions: It’s important to pay special attention when the implants are placed in the mandibular anterior zone, especially if long implants are used. The most frequently cause of bleeding was the perforation of the lingual plate. Treatment involves securing the airway, with bleeding control. Key words:Hemorrhage, complications, immediate, bleeding, dental implants.
Simplified compute-and-forward and its performance analysis

The compute-and-forward (CMF) method has shown a great promise as an innovative approach to exploit interference towards achieving higher network throughput. The CMF was primarily introduced by means of information theory tools. Although there have been some recent works discussing different aspects of efficient and practical implementation of CMF, there are still some issues that are not covered. In this study, the authors first introduce a method to decrease the implementation complexity of the CMF method. They then evaluate the exact outage probability of the authors proposed simplified CMF scheme, and hereby provide an upper bound on the outage probability of the optimum CMF in all signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values, and a close approximation of its outage probability in low SNR regimes. They also evaluate the effect of the channel estimation error (CEE) on the performance of both optimum and their proposed simplified CMF by simulations. Their simulation results indicate that the proposed method is more robust against CEE than the optimum CMF method for the examples considered.
Global relative input-output sensitivities of the feed-forward loops in genetic networks

The feed-forward loops (FFLs) are fundamental network motifs with three components from gene regulatory networks to signaling transduction networks. Over the last decade, the structures and functions of FFLs, as well as the intrinsic relationships between different FFLs have received increasing attention from various disciplines. Based on the proposed global relative parameter sensitivities (GRPS) algorithm, this paper aims at investigating the global relative input-output sensitivities (GRIOS) of FFLs in genetic networks. The results indicate that the most frequently appeared C1 and I1 configurations are quite insensitive under various levels of inputs and also rather robust to system parameters. It follows that the functions of above circuits are robust for different inputs. It is also the reason why C1 and I1 are ubiquitous in various real-world genetic networks, especially in sensory related transcriptional networks. Moreover, the proposed GRIOS approach sheds some light on the potential practical applications, such as the synthetic genetic circuits and biological experimental design.
Viral Persistence in the Myocardium Is Associated With Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction

Background—Cardiotropic viral infections have been suspected as one possible cause of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Although adverse outcomes in dilated cardiomyopathy patients have been documented, the natural course of heart diseases caused by cardiotropic viruses is unknown. Methods and Results—Consecutive patients (n=172) with biopsy-proven viral infection in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) were followed up by reanalysis of EMBs and hemodynamic measurements after a median period of 6.8 months (range, 5.4 to 11.9). Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription–PCR were performed to analyze the genomic sequences. Myocardial inflammation was assessed by histology and immunohistology. At baseline, 32.6% of EMBs in the study group contained enteroviral (EV) RNA, 8.1% adenovirus (ADV) DNA, 36.6% parvovirus B19 (PVB19) DNA, and 10.5% human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6) DNA. In 12.2% of the samples, dual infection with PVB19 and HHV6 was present. Follow-up analysis of EMBs by PCR documented spontaneous clearance of viral genomes in 36.2% (55/151) of all patients with single infections. Virus-specific clearance rates were 50% for EV, 35.7% for ADV, 22.2% for PVB19, and 44.4% for HHV6. In patients with dual infection with PVB19+ and HHV6+-, HHV6 was cleared in 42.8% (9/21), whereas PVB19 persisted in all 21 patients. Clearance of viral genomes was associated with a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), improving from 50.2±19.1% to 58.1±15.9% (P<0.001). In contrast, LV function decreased in patients with persisting viral genomes (LVEF, 54.3±16.1% versus 51.4±16.1%, P<0.01). Conclusions—In this first biopsy-based analysis of the course of viral heart disease, we show that EV, ADV, PVB19, and HHV6 persistence detected in the myocardium of patients with LV dysfunction was associated with a progressive impairment of LVEF, whereas spontaneous viral elimination was associated with a significant improvement in LV function.
Deconstructing Delay Dynamics An air traffic network example

This paper develops and analyzes a simplified model of the dynamics of delay propagation in air traffic networks. The proposed model considers the redistribution of delays by accounting for aircraft flows between airports, the persistence of delays at an airport, the mitigation of delays due to slacks or buffers in flight schedules, and inputs such as sudden impulsive disruptions or sustained impacts due to longer duration traffic management initiatives. Using inter-airport traffic flows from operational data, different properties of the model are studied, including the resilience of different airports (as measured by the length of time before delays mitigate after a disruption), the amount of delay induced by disruptions at a particular airport, and the number of airports that are impacted when a given airport experiences disruptions. These properties are evaluated for different levels of delay sustainment, and for different values of available slack in schedules. Keywordsdelay propagation; network modeling; system perfor-
Flexible and rapid animation of brittle fracture using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics formulation

This paper presents a hybrid animation approach to the flexible and rapid crack simulation of brittle material. At the physical level, the local stress tensors induced by collision are analyzed by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation. Specifically, in order to determine the internal stress when rigid bodies collide with each other or neighboring environments, we treat all of them as completely rigid body that has infinite stiffness and then evaluate virtual displacement for colliding particles. At the geometric level, in order to faithfully maintain the fracture interface during the crack simulation, we utilize an efficient shape representation of solid based on the tetrahedral decomposition of the original solid geometry. This novel hybrid approach resorts to local particle models, whose goal is to avoid heavy computational burden during crack interface updating and topological changing, and meanwhile, it facilitates the user‐initiated interactive control during the crack generation and propagation. Our animation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel particle‐based method to simulate the crack of brittle material. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.