Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Continuous Neural Network Adaptive Controller for Consensus of Uncertain Multi-Agent Systems

We investigate the consensus problems for uncertain multi-agent systems (MASs) via a neural network (NN) adaptive control approach. However, it is quite difficult because of the existence of NN approximation errors. Unlike existing works that use discontinuous functions to eliminate the effects of NN approximation errors, a novel continuous function is proposed by utilizing the idea of time varying boundary layer technique. Firstly, we design a continuous NN adaptive controller with dynamic coupling strengths for the case with time invariant topology. It is shown that asymptotical consensus can be achieved without requiring any global information. Secondly, we consider time varying communication networks and design a continuous NN adaptive controller with fixed coupling strength. It is shown that the consensus error is ultimately uniformly bounded if the average dwell time is larger than a positive scalar. Finally, two examples are studied to verify the theoretical results, respectively.
Learning Programmatic Idioms for Scalable Semantic Parsing

Programmers typically organize executable source code using high-level coding patterns or idiomatic structures such as nested loops, exception handlers and recursive blocks, rather than as individual code tokens. In contrast, state of the art (SOTA) semantic parsers still map natural language instructions to source code by building the code syntax tree one node at a time. In this paper, we introduce an iterative method to extract code idioms from large source code corpora by repeatedly collapsing most-frequent depth-2 subtrees of their syntax trees, and train semantic parsers to apply these idioms during decoding. Applying idiom-based decoding on a recent context-dependent semantic parsing task improves the SOTA by 2.2% BLEU score while reducing training time by more than 50%. This improved speed enables us to scale up the model by training on an extended training set that is 5\times larger, to further move up the SOTA by an additional 2.3% BLEU and 0.9% exact match. Finally, idioms also significantly improve accuracy of semantic parsing to SQL on the ATIS-SQL dataset, when training data is limited.
Addressing the growing fossil record of subadult hominins by reaching across disciplines

Department of Anthropology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, California, USA Faculty of Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Anthropology, California State University Stanislaus, Turlock, California, USA School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK Anthropology Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Explorer in Residence, National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, USA Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of the Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Faculty of Social Sciences and Health, Durham University, Durham, UK Palaeoscience, Department of Archaeology and History, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Geoarchaeology and Archaeometry Research Group, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, USA Department of Anthropology, Texas State University San Marcos, San Marcos, Texas, USA Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA Department of Anthropology, University of Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
The transient behavior of soft glassy materials far from equilibrium

The transient structural and rheological behavior of soft glassy materials out of equilibrium is studied under small, medium, and large amplitude oscillatory shearing and interpreted via the fully quantitative sequence of physical processes (SPP) technique. We identify features of the local strain distribution that cause particular rheological responses and show that the SPP metrics accurately reflect the structural transitions. The SPP modulus is shown to reflect how much of the imposed strain is stored in the form of recoverable elastic strain, establishing it as an accurate measure of structural elasticity. We demonstrate the ability of the SPP scheme to accurately determine the amount of recoverable strain acquired in elastically dominated regimes by matching values estimated solely on the basis of the macroscopic stress to structural measures. In one case of large amplitude oscillatory shearing, the recoverable strain is shown to be around half a nondimensional strain unit by structural determination and from the SPP analysis, while the total imposed strain over the same interval is on the order of ten strain units. We therefore demonstrate the importance of separating the total and recoverable strains under strain-controlled conditions for the formation of accurate structure-property relations. We demonstrate how the alternating oscillatory state may be considered a consequence of a complex shear history. The results of this study show that the SPP scheme is a powerful tool for researchers wishing to understand the structural and rheological properties of soft glassy materials far from equilibrium.The transient structural and rheological behavior of soft glassy materials out of equilibrium is studied under small, medium, and large amplitude oscillatory shearing and interpreted via the fully quantitative sequence of physical processes (SPP) technique. We identify features of the local strain distribution that cause particular rheological responses and show that the SPP metrics accurately reflect the structural transitions. The SPP modulus is shown to reflect how much of the imposed strain is stored in the form of recoverable elastic strain, establishing it as an accurate measure of structural elasticity. We demonstrate the ability of the SPP scheme to accurately determine the amount of recoverable strain acquired in elastically dominated regimes by matching values estimated solely on the basis of the macroscopic stress to structural measures. In one case of large amplitude oscillatory shearing, the recoverable strain is shown to be around half a nondimensional strain unit by structural determination.
Stability analysis of an in-vivo hepatitis C dynamics model with therapy

It is well known that hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes development of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, in spite of advances in therapy and improved knowledge of viral factors relating to the disease evolution. In this paper, we review and analyze a deterministic mathematical model developed to assess the effect of antiviral drug on the in-vivo HCV dynamics. We computed the endemic equilibrium point (EE) and performed the stability analysis of the model equilibria using a derived threshold quantity well-known as the effective reproductive number, 𝑅𝑒. The analytical results indicate that the disease free equilibrium point (DFE) is locally asymptotically stable, and globally asymptotically stable by using Metzler Stability Theory, if 𝑅 𝑒 1 by using the Lyapunov Direct Method with LaSalle Invariance Principle. This implies that the disease still persists in the presence of antiviral therapy. Numerical simulations were performed to support the analytical results and the results verify that there is no coexistence of the DFE and EE points and that the model has unique equilibria. Thus, we recommend that the treatment of an individual with HCV infection should be well managed by optimizing therapy regimen such as choice of suitable drug type and combination, dosage and therapy period to stop the transmission by reducing strictly Re less than unity.
Le test ET : test d'adéquation d'un modèle central à une queue de distribution

Ce travail est motive par des questions de fiabilite structurale, ou les lois usuelles appartiennent au domaine d'attraction de Gumbel, DA(Gumbel). Etant donne un echantillon iid, on veut verifier si un modele parametrique $F_\theta$ appartenant au DA(Gumbel) permet d'obtenir une bonne approximation de la queue de distribution, plus precisement, au-dela de l'observation maximale. On suppose que les tests d'adequation usuels ne rejettent pas l'hypothese nulle $H_0$ : $\exists \theta ,$ $F=F_\theta$. De telles procedures testent essentiellement l'adequation du modele a la region centrale de l'echantillon. Le but du test ET est de verifier l'adequation aux observations extremes. Il s'agit de comparer sous $H_0$ deux estimateurs differents d'un quantile extreme, c'est-a-dire d'ordre $1-p$ avec $p<1/n$ : le premier est l'estimateur parametrique du quantile, le second est $\widehatq_{ET}$, l'estimateur ET, base sur une approximation exponentielle de la loi (possible parce que $F$ appartient au DA(Gumbel) sous $H_0$) des exces au-dela d'un seuil. \\ En approximant le vrai quantile par son estimateur ET, on commet deux types d'erreurs : une erreur d'estimation, et une erreur d'approximation, puisque nous approximons la loi des exces par une loi exponentielle. Sous $H_0$, la prise en compte de l'erreur d'approximation, ou une approximation raisonnable de celle-ci, dans les bornes de l'intervalle de confiance deduit de la loi limite %des fluctuations d'echantillonnage de $\widehatq_{ET}- $, produit un intervalle de confiance approche pour le vrai quantile. Le test ET ne rejette pas $H_0$ lorsque l'estimateur parametrique appartient a cet intervalle. Nous proposons un seconde version du test ET dans laquelle nous approximons les fluctuations d'echantillonnage des estimateurs parametrique et ET par booststrap parametrique. Des simulations montrent que cette version du test est nettement plus puissante. Enfin, pour traiter le cas de lois dont les parametres et donc les estimateurs parametriques de quantiles sont difficiles a calculer (comme les modeles de melange), nous proposons une version simplifiee du test ET boostrap parametrique.
Small Sample Inference

Author(s): Gerlovina, Inna | Advisor(s): Hubbard, Alan E | Abstract: Multiple comparisons and small sample size, common characteristics of many types of "Big Data" including those that are produced by genomic studies, present specific challenges that affect reliability of inference. Use of multiple testing procedures necessitates estimation of very small tail probabilities and thus approximation of distal tails of a test statistic distribution. Results based on large deviation theory provide a formal condition that is necessary to guarantee error rate control given practical sample sizes, linking the number of tests and the sample size; this condition, however, is rarely satisfied. Using methods that are based on Edgeworth expansions (relying especially on the work of Peter Hall), we explore what it might translate into in terms of actual error rates. Our investigation illustrates how far the actual error rates can be from the declared nominal levels, indicating poor error rate control.Edgeworth expansions, providing higher order approximations to the sampling distribution, also offer a promising direction for data analysis that could ameliorate the situation. In Chapter 1, we derive generalized expansions for studentized mean-based statistics that incorporate ordinary and moderated one- and two-sample t-statistics as well as Welch t- test. Fifth-order expansions are generated with our developed software that can be used to produce expansions of an arbitrary order. In Chapter 2, we propose a data analysis method based on these expansions that includes tail diagnostic procedure and small sample adjustment. Using the software algorithm developed for generating expansions, we also obtain results for unbiased moment estimation of a general order. Chapter 3 introduces a general linear combination (GLC) bootstrap, which is specifically tailored for small sample size. A stabilized variance version of GLC bootstrap, based on empirical Bayes approach, is developed for high-dimensional data. Applying these methods to clustering, we propose an inferential procedure that produces pairwise clustering probabilities.
PEMANFAATAN HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING UNTUK PENGELOMPOKKAN DAUN BERDASARKAN FITUR MOMENT INVARIANT

Abstra k Ilmu mengenai tanaman telah mengalami kemajuan yang pesat. Salah satunya cabang ilmu mengenai morfologi tanaman. Ilmu morfologi ini mempelajari susunan tubuh tanaman khususnya mengenai bentuk tepi daun. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengelompokkan daun berdasarkan bentuk tepi daun. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan pengelompokkan adalah metode Centroid Linkage Clustering yang merupakan bagian dari algoritma Hierarchical Clustering. Metode ini dikenal lebih memiliki beban komputasi yang relatif lebih ringan karena hanya cukup menghitung titik tengah antar cluster . Berdasarkan hasil uji coba yang dilakukan, penggunaan metode Centroid Linkage Clustering didapatkan nilai akurasi clustering sebesar 87%, sedangkan dengan menggunakan metode k-means didapatkan nilai akurasi clustering sebesar 81%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja metode Centroid Linkage Clustering lebih baik dibandingkan metode k-means. Kata Kunci : Morfologi, Centroid Linkage Clustering, Hierarchical Clustering, Cluster, K-mean.
Distinct Morphological and Molecular Profiles of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated HCC Revealed by Immunohistochemistry and MicroRNA Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common hepatic condition that can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-cirrhotic livers. To better understand the development of NAFLD-associated HCC, we performed an integrated morphological and molecular analysis to identify new insights that can improve the follow-up of NAFLD patients. METHODS Our study included a cohort of 14 NAFLD-associated HCC and 41 NAFLD patients. We analyzed clinical parameters, a four-microRNA (miRNA) panel (miR-21-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-130a-3p, and miR-155-3p) panel and their relationship with p53 and β-catenin expression. RESULTS In the study cohort, the NAFLD-associated HCC patients were predominantly male, older, had significantly altered hepatic function, and a higher incidence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Morphologically, the NAFLD-HCC group had substantially higher steatosis, ballooning, and fibrosis grades than the NAFLD group. The β-catenin expression was higher in both adjacent non-tumoral liver tissue (ANT) from NAFLD-associated HCC patients and in HCC tissue com-pared with NAFLD samples. The 4 miRNAs panel showed a dysregulated expression profile between NAFLD, ANT and HCC samples. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC progression in NAFLD patients, allowing for the development of better screening strategies for the early detection of NAFLD-associated HCC.
Determining the probability of correct resolution of the left–right ambiguity in towed array sonar

When a towed sonar array is straight, it has the difficulty that it cannot distinguish a contact on the left from one at the same angle on the right. When the array is not straight and its shape known, we calculate the probability that the left–right ambiguity is resolved correctly, using the Neyman–Pearson hypothesis testing framework, assuming a delay-sum beamformer, a single-frequency contact, and Gaussian noise. We also initially consider the noise field to be uncorrelated and show that the evaluation of the probability of correct resolution reduces to evaluating a one-dimensional integral. We find, as expected, that the probability increases, as the signal-to-noise ratio and the lateral deviation of the array from straight increase. For demonstration purposes, we also evaluate the probability of correct resolution for two representative shapes the array might assume in practice. Finally, we consider a more realistic, correlated noise field and we show that the initial assumption of an uncorrelated noise field provides a good approximation when the lateral deviation of the array is sufficiently large.
On the Mean Motions Induced around a Planetary Wave Packet on a Rotating Sphere

The mean motions induced around a planetary wave packet surrounding longitudinally a rotating sphere and propagating meridionally on it are discussed by using a simple model situation of two dimensional motion of an incompressible fluid. It is shown that the wave packet conserves its angular momentum during the meridional propagation on a sphere, while it conserves its momentum under the beta-plane approximation. It is also shown that the wave packet induces the change of mean angular momentum in case of propagation on a sphere and the magnitude of the induced mean angular momentum is just equal to the wave action which is defined by the ratio of the wave energy and the westward drift angular velocity of the wave packet. Under the beta-plane approximation, this is reduced to the result that the induced mean zonal momentum is just equal to the wave momentumwhich is defined by the ratio of the wave energy and the 'local' westward phase velocity given by Rossby formula. It is concluded from these results that the photon analogy to such a wave packet is allowed. Finally, some comments are made upon the origin of westerlies found in the mid-latitudinal regions.
Comparative Analysis of Mandibular and Cervical Mobility in Young Adults with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Case-Control Study

Background Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJD) affect the muscles of the mandible or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The objective of this case-control study was to compare mandibular and cervical joint mobility in young adults diagnosed with TMJD to a healthy control group. Material/Methods We enrolled 60 participants aged 18–30 years, split evenly between 30 TMJD patients and 30 healthy controls. We employed a millimeter gauge to measure TMJ mobility and a tape-based tool for assessing the range of cervical mobility. Results Our data revealed that TMJD patients exhibited a significantly reduced range of mobility in both the TMJ and cervical spine compared to controls. Controls demonstrated a greater mean cervical mobility through left and right lateral flexion movements (P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively), as well as right and left rotations (P<0.05). Additionally, they showed significantly higher mandibular mobility across all tested parameters (P<0.001). Within the TMJD group, we observed a significant correlation between cervical and mandibular mobility (P<0.05). Conclusions Our findings underline that TMJD patients possess significantly diminished mandibular and cervical mobility, particularly in lateral movements and rotations, compared to those without the disorder. The observed correlation between cervical and mandibular mobility in the TMJD group implies the necessity to consider these interconnected aspects when designing rehabilitation programs, thereby enhancing patient quality of life and impeding further mobility deterioration.
Disturbed Wind Fields around the Obstacle in Sheared Flow near the Ground Surface

Wind distribution in the neighborhood of an obstacle near the ground surface was measured. In the present study there are used a circular cylinder, a square pillar, the Marine Tower of our Institute, and a model of the tower which is reduced on the scale of one to twelve. Wind decrement on the windward side and wind increment on the transverse side of the obstacle are noted. The distribution of wind velocity around a square pillar corresponds to that around a circular cylinder with a diameter from 1.55 to 1.6 times as large as the side length of the square. At some height above the ground surface the wind pattern on the windward side of the circular cylinder is almost represented by the potential solution for an ideal inviscid fluid, but in the layer close to the ground surface the effect of an obstacle in the wind field is considerably greater than that predicted by the potential solution.
Multivalued robust tracking control of fully actuated Lagrange systems: Continuous and discrete–time algorithms

In this paper the robust trajectory tracking problem of a class of nonlinear systems described by the Euler–Lagrange equations of motion is studied. We start considering a plant under the effects of an unknown external perturbation and also with uncertainties on its parameters. After that a class of passivity-based multivalued control laws is proposed and the well–posedness together with the stability of the closed–loop are established in the continuous–time setting. The discrete–time version of the plant and the controller are studied and well–posedness together with stability results are obtained, using the so-called implicit discretization approach introduced in [1, 2]. Numerical simulations are presented and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed discrete-time controller.
Collaborative peer-feedback practices in hybrid learning environments

The article describes a technology-mediated collaborative peer-feedback experience. 125 students took part into the activity during the delivery of a 3-months teaching in "Methodology of Action Research", within a 3-year Degree Course in Psychological, Social and Occupational Sciences. The activity was based on a 4-phases cycle of collaborative output production, structured peer-feedback, collaborative output improvement, individual reflection. The aim of the exploratory case-study here presented is to observe if and how the peer-feedback activity supported the development of collaborative, meta-cognitive and digital skills, other than knowledge acquisition. To answer our research questions, we used a mixed system, able to provide both objective data with respect to the activity carried out and the skills put in place, and subjective data related to the students' personal experience and the perceived impact on their learning. Results show a good appropriation of metacognitive skills and offer numerous hints on the design aspects which have been found to be effective in supporting students' learning.