Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fully integrated switched-capacitor DC-DC converter with dual output for low power application

This paper presents a fully integrated on-chip switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter that supports two regulated power supply voltages of 2.2V and 3.2V from 5V input supply and delivers the maximum load currents up to 8mA at both of the outputs. The entire converter system uses two 2-to-1 converter blocks. The upper output voltage (3.2V) is generated from the 2-to-1_up converter by means of averaging the 5V input and the generated lower output voltage (2.2V), which is generated from 2-to-1_dw converter. Since 2-to-1_up converter is less sensitive to the bottom-plate parasitic capacitance loss, they are implemented with MOS capacitors, which show higher capacitance density (2.7fF/μm2, α=6.5%) than MIM capacitors (1fF/μm2, α=2.5%) while they have bigger bottom-plate parasitic capacitance ratio (α). The proposed implementation saves the area and quiescent currents for the control blocks since each block shares required analog and digital control blocks. The proposed converter is designed using high-voltage 0. 35μm BCDMOS technology. Both output voltages are regulated by means of pulse frequency modulation (PFM) technique using 18-bit shift registers and digitally controlled oscillators (DCOs). Over the wide output power ranges from 5.4mW to 43.2mW, the converter achieves the average efficiency of 70.0% and the peak efficiency of 71.4%. 10-phase interleaving technique enables the output voltage ripples of the both outputs less than 1% (<40mV) of the output voltages when 400pF of output buffer capacitors are used for both outputs.
Role of Regulatory T-cells in Oral Tolerance and Immunotherapy

Food allergies encompass a range of disorders ranging from being an inconvenience to even causing fatalities, mainly due to anaphylaxis. A large number of individuals are affected and this presents great health and economic implications. However as yet, apart from dietary avoidance, effective treatment strategies are practically non-existent. The immune environment related to allergen-tolerance is highly complex and the role of regulatory T-cells in allergenspecific tolerance, their interaction with other cells in inflamed tissues, and their role in antibody regulation have been demonstrated in several studies. Regulatory T-cells are able to control acquired immunity and achieve oral tolerance to food allergens. Immunotherapy for food allergies focuses on desensitisation by increasing the allergen reactivity threshold. So far, the only long-term curative treatment used effectively is allergen-specific immunotherapy which involves the administration of increasing doses of the causative allergen, such that a state of allergen-specific immune tolerance is induced over the course of the treatment. This review covers various forms of allergen-specific immunotherapy, focusing on the role of regulatory T-cells in such therapies, and includes a number of small studies providing ideas for future work in the area.
Combining key-phrase detection and subword-based verification for flexible speech understanding

A flexible speech understanding framework combining key-phrase detection and verification is presented. Detection of semantically-tagged key-phrases directly leads to robust understanding. In order to select reliable detection and eliminate false alarms, utterance verification technique is incorporated. A phrase verifier combines subword-based likelihood ratios of correct models and anti-subword alternate models. A confidence measure that focuses on mis-matched subwords is proposed and demonstrated as the most effective. The combined strategy drastically improves the semantic accuracy for out-of-grammar utterances, while maintaining the performance for in-grammar samples. We also found that utterance verification applied after grammar-based decoding is not so effective as the proposed detection and verification strategy.
Separation of duties for access control enforcement in workflow environments

Separation of duty, as a security principle, has as its primary objective the prevention of fraud and errors. This objective is achieved by disseminating the tasks and associated privileges for a specific business process among multiple users. This principle is demonstrated in the traditional example of separation of duty found in the requirement of two signatures on a check. Previous work on separation of duty requirements often explored implementations based on role-based access control (RBAC) principles. These implementations are concerned with constraining the associations between RBAC components, namely users, roles, and permissions. Enforcement of the separation of duty requirements, although an integrity requirement, thus relies on an access control service that is sensitive to the separation of duty requirements. A distinction between separation of duty requirements that can be enforced in administrative environments, namely static separation of duty, and requirements that can only be enforced in a run-time environment, namely dynamic separation of duty, is required. It is argued that RBAC does not support the complex work processes often associated with separation of duty requirements, particularly with dynamic separation of duty. The workflow environment, being primarily concerned with the facilitation of complex work processes, provides a context in which the specification of separation of duty requirements can be studied. This paper presents the "conflicting entities" administration paradigm for the specification of static and dynamic separation of duty requirements in the workflow environment.
Venous blood clot structure characterization using scattering operator

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot appear within a deep vein, usually in the legs. The main complication is pulmonary embolism (PE) which is the third cause of vascular death after myocardial infarction and cardiovascular event. DVT onset is multifactorial (immobilization, surgery, age, cancers, genetic variations) and it is mostly diagnosed via ultrasound. In our project, we are interested in a new approach, which consists in using ultrasound and elastography to assess the mechanical properties of blood clots and to identify the thrombosis triggering factors. This means characterizing its structure, establishing his age, the cause of its formation and the risk of PE. In this paper, we aim to analyze the clot texture using the scattering operator which combines wavelet transform convolutions with non-linear modulus and averaging operators. The scattering operator is showing promising results in signal processing and especially in image classification. Therefore, we will apply this operator to our database and discuss the results of our simulation at the end of this manuscript.
Distributed Optimization for Overconstrained Problems and its Application

Distributed optimization requires the optimization of a global objective function that is distributed among a set of autonomous, communicating agents and is unknown by any individual agent. One major mode of attack has been to treat optimization as an overconstrained distributed satisfaction problem and exploit existing distributed constraint satisfaction techniques. These approaches require incremental searches with periodic synchronization operations and lack any guarantees of optimality. This paper presents Adopt ,a n asynchronous, distributed algorithm for overconstrained settings. The fundamental ideas in Adopt are to represent constraints as discrete functions (or valuations) — instead of binary good/nogood values — and to use the evaluation of these constraints to measure progress towards optimality. In addition, Adopt uses a sound and complete partial solution combination method to allow non-sequential, asychronous computation. Finally, Adopt is not only provably optimal when given enough time, but allows solution time/quality tradeoffs when time is limited. We apply Adopt to a real-world overconstrained distributed resource allocation problem and we present empirical results comparing Adopt to previous approaches.
Mosaics of Trauma and Recovery: A Feminist Guide

benefits of using the latent growth curve statistic along with structural equation modeling techniques (Byrne & Crombie, 2003) with multiwave longitudinal data sets. Chapter 9 presents the potential effects of excessive amounts of androgens present during the development of female fetuses on STEM occupational choices. The authors take a feminist perspective in several ways. Most of the studies include both personal and contextual factors, compare data for girls and women with comparable data for boys and men, include qualitative and quantitative data, have collaborative investigators, and have potential for practical applications that would increase gender equity. Researchers are interdisciplinary and include psychologists, sociologists, and biologists. This book is a gold mine for researchers interested in greater equity for women in STEM occupations. Perhaps the most important contribution of this book to feminist scholarship and to gender equity for STEM careers is the drawing together of not only several impressive longitudinal studies but also studies from at least 20 developed nations worldwide. It should be noted, however, that, although the editors suggest that the book will also be of interest to counselors, educators, and policy makers, the research findings presented are suggestive at this point and limited in terms of generalizability, a fact that chapter authors are quick to point out. Therefore, the studies presented will be most useful to researchers and to graduate students and their professors interested in the topic.
Time-dependent contribution of the hippocampal complex when remembering the past: a PET study

Previous studies of brain-damaged patients and functional neuro-imaging have consistently shown the importance of the hippocampal complex, i.e. the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, in episodic memory retrieval. We wished to determine whether patterns of brain activation during memory retrieval as measured by PET are same or different when the oldness of a to-be-retrieved episode is manipulated. Using cue words, subjects remembered related episodes from three periods of their life, childhood, adolescence and recent period. The results showed an increase of parahippocampal activities during recall of episodes from childhood and recent period, but not from adolescence. These data suggest a possibility of time-dependent hippocampal contribution in episodic recall, which cannot be understood in simple terms of recent vs remote memory dichotomy.
Estimation of Infiltration Parameters and the Irrigation Coefficients with the Surface Irrigation Advance Distance

A theory based on Manning roughness equation, Philip equation and water balance equation was developed which only employed the advance distance in the calculation of the infiltration parameters and irrigation coefficients in both the border irrigation and the surge irrigation. The improved procedure was validated with both the border irrigation and surge irrigation experiments. The main results are shown as follows. Infiltration parameters of the Philip equation could be calculated accurately only using water advance distance in the irrigation process comparing to the experimental data. With the calculated parameters and the water balance equation, the irrigation coefficients were also estimated. The water advance velocity should be measured at about 0.5 m to 1.0 m far from the water advance in the experimental corn fields.
Stock market prediction model using TPWS and association rules mining

The objective of this research is to classify or forecast the stock market from the general investor's point of view. There are three parts in this research. In the first part we performed a survey on most of the well known data mining indicators, implemented the algorithms and calculated the accuracy by applying them on historical data. Then we presented an indicator algorithm which has higher accuracy compare to existing algorithms and it also provides a decision point that helps the investor to understand the significance of the result of the indicator. Finally we applied association rules mining to group the selected (based on precision) indicator algorithms to come up with a model to increase the overall accuracy. However motivating fact is we achieved far better results from our suggested model than other comparable indicator algorithms or strategy. For our research we used the data of Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), capital market of Bangladesh.
Moving on, finding shelter: The spatiotemporal camp

This article orbits two mandated mobilities: moving on and finding shelter – one continual and one oriented toward confinement. Reporting ethnographic fieldwork and archival research in Denver, a city that recently outlawed camping in all open space, this article builds a model of spatial confinement. The article argues that, in concert with other quality of life laws, poverty management sequesters Denver’s poor in what the authors term a spatiotemporal camp, a fluid zone produced by delimiting self-reliance and truncating the ability of individuals to relate to social and physical environments. Incorporating both Agamben’s notion of homo sacer and his conceptualization of the camp with other concepts of the camp derived from theories of abnormality, the authors argue that in effect poverty management measures in Denver simultaneously disperse, concentrate, and conceal its homeless citizens. Because it deprives the undomiciled of the autonomy necessary to conjure home-like spaces, poverty management may exacerbate homelessness.
Rivastigmine-Loaded L-Lactide-Depsipeptide Polymeric Nanoparticles: Decisive Formulation Variable Optimization

The main aim of the investigation was to explore a novel L-lactide-depsipeptide copolymer for the development of rivastigmine-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. L-lactide-depsipeptide synthesis was based on the ring opening polymerization reaction of L-lactide with the cyclodepsipeptide, cyclo(Glc-Leu), using tin 2-ethyl hexanoate as an initiator. Rivastigmine-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by the single emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The influence of various critical formulation variables like sonication time, amount of polymer, amount of drug, stabilizer concentration, drug-to-polymer ratio, and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio on particle size and entrapment efficiency was studied. The optimized formulation having a particle size of 142.2 ± 21.3 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 60.72 ± 3.72% was obtained. Increased rivastigmine entrapment within the polymer matrix was obtained with a relatively low organic-to-aqueous phase ratio and high drug-to-polymer ratio. A decrease in the average size of the nanoparticles was observed with a decrease in the amount of polymer added and an increase in the sonication time. Prolonged sonication time, however, decreased rivastigmine entrapment. From the different lyoprotectant tested, only trehalose was found to prevent nanoparticle aggregation upon application of the freeze-thaw cycle. Drug incorporation into the polymeric matrix was confirmed by the DSC and XRD study. The spherical nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed by the SEM study. The in vitro drug release study showed the sustained release of more than 90% of the drug up to 72 h. Thus, L-lactide-depsipeptide can be used as an efficient carrier for the nanoparticle preparation of rivastigmine.
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutrophil adherence responses by essential oils.

BACKGROUND In aromatherapy, essential oils are used as anti-inflammatory remedies, but experimental studies on their action mechanisms are very limited. AIMS To assess their anti-inflammatory activities, effects of essential oils on neutrophil activation were examined in vitro. METHODS Neutrophil activation was measured by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced adherence reaction of human peripheral neutrophils. RESULTS All essential oils tested at 0.1% concentration suppressed TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil adherence,and, in particular, lemongrass, geranium and spearmint oils clearly lowered the reaction even at 0.0125%. Similar inhibitory activities for the neutrophil adherence were obtained by their major constituent terpenoids: citral, geraniol, citronellol and carvone. In contrast, very popular essential oils, tea tree oil and lavender oil, did not display the inhibitory activity at the concentration. CONCLUSION Thus, some essential oils used as antiinflammatory remedies suppress neutrophil activation by TNF-alpha at a low concentration (0.0125-0.025 %) in vitro.
Poster: Robust estimation of DNA methylation with local regression

Cytosine DNA methylation plays an essential role in regulating gene expression and silencing transposons in various animals, plants and fungi. Recent advances in next-generation DNA sequencing technologies have enabled to observe genome-wide DNA methylation status; especially, bisulfite sequencing allows us to collect DNA methylation status at single-base resolution. However, one of major problems in this analysis is low sequence coverage of a large portion of genomes due to some biases such as the difficulty in sequencing GC-rich regions, which makes existing methods difficult to measure DNA methylation state accurately. To settle this problem, we herein propose a new analytical method based on local regression so as to detect methylation clusters properly and provide a statistical ground for measuring their DNA methylation levels. The effectiveness of this approach has been confirmed using bisulfite sequencing data of Arabidopsis thaliana. Indeed, the results were consistent with previous studies. Overall, even in the presence of sequence coverage bias, this method is robust in estimating DNA methylation pattern statistically, thereby contributing the in-depth understanding of DNA methylation function.
How Mindset Influences Consumer Judgments: Investigating the Role of Mental Imagery and Affective Responses

This research examines the impact of mindset on consumer decisions. While previous research suggests that an abstract mindset may shift consumers' focus to the desirable aspects whereas a concrete mindset may highlight feasibility concerns in their product decisions, this research focuses on consumer decisions where feasibility is not a concern. It is proposed that a concrete (vs. abstract) mindset may lead to greater intention to try products involving immediate, desirable experiences (e.g., nice fruit dessert) when detailed product information is provided (e.g., product picture). Findings from one experiment provide preliminary support to the hypotheses. Further experiments are planned to pin down the underlying mechanism involving the construction of consumption mental imagery and affective responses.
Nostalgia motivates pursuit of important goals by increasing meaning in life

This research focused on existential and motivational implications of the emotion of nostalgia. Nostalgia (relative to control) increased meaning in life, which, in turn, galvanised intentions to pursue one’s most important goal (Experiment 1) and to pursue one’s most important, but not least important, goal (Experiment 2). The basic pattern held in two cultures (British and Danish) independently of positive affect. This is first evidence that nostalgia has specific motivational consequences (i.e., pursuit of more, but not less, important goals) and transmits these consequences via meaning in life. Also, this is first evidence that meaning is associated with specific motivational consequences. Discussion considers the relevance of the findings for the emotion and motivation literatures.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR VEHICLE DETECTION FOR DRIVER ASSISTANCE

This paper presents a novel approach for detecting vehicles for driver assistance. Assuming flat roads, vanishing point is first estimated using Hough transform space to reduce the computational complexity. Localization of vehicles is carried using horizontal projection on the horizontal gradient image below vanishing point. An uppermost and lowermost peak in the horizontal profile corresponds to search space of vehicles. Binarization of search space on the horizontal gradient image is done using Otsu algorithm. Verification of vehicles is carried through a series of rule based classifiers constructed using statistical moments, observing peaks in vertical profiling, vehicle texture, symmetry and shadow property. Experimentation was carried out on flat highway roads and detection rate of vehicles is nearly found to be 88.23%.
Experimental design heuristics for scientific discovery: the use of "baseline" and "known standard" controls

Abstract What type of heuristics do scientists use when they design experiments? In this paper, we analysed the ways biological scientists designed complex experiments at their weekly laboratory meetings. In two studies, we found that one of the key components of experimental design is that specific types of control conditions are used in the service of different goals that are important in scientific discovery. “Baseline” control conditions are identical to the experimental manipulation, except that a key feature, such as a reagent, is absent from the control condition and present in the experimental condition. “Known standard” control conditions involve performing the experimental technique on materials where the expected result is already well known; if the expected result is obtained, the scientist can have confidence that the procedure is working. In Study 1, which analysed transcripts of real-world biology laboratory meetings, we found that scientists used baseline controls when testing hypotheses and known standard controls when focusing on possible error. In Study 2, undergraduate science students were asked to address the goals of hypothesis testing and dealing with potential error as they designed experiments. Like the real-world scientists, science majors proposed baseline controls to test hypotheses and known standard controls to deal with potential error. We argue that baseline control conditions play an important role in hypothesis testing: unexpected results obtained on baseline control conditions can alert scientists that their hypotheses are incorrect, and hence should encourage the scientists to reformulate their hypotheses. We further argue that use of known standard controls is a heuristic that enables scientists to solve an important problem in real-world science: when to trust their data. Both of these heuristics can be incorporated into experimental design programs, thus making it more likely that scientific discoveries will be made.
Differential Phosphoproteomics of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling: Identification of Src Family Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation Events

Activation of signal transduction by the receptor tyrosine kinase, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), results in a cascade of protein−protein interactions that rely on the occurrence of specific tyrosine phosphorylation events. One such protein recruited to the activated receptor complex is the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Src, which is involved in both initiation and termination of further signaling events. To gain a further understanding of the tyrosine phosphorylation events that occur during FGF signaling, with a specific focus on those that are dependent on Src family kinase (SFK) activity, we have applied SILAC combined with chemical inhibition of SFK activity to search for phosphorylation events that are dependent on SFK activity in FGF stimulated cells. In addition, we used a more targeted approach to carry out high coverage phosphopeptide mapping of one Src substrate protein, the multifunctional adaptor Dok1, and to identify SFK-dependent Dok1 binding partners. From these analyses we identify 80 SFK-dependent phosphorylation events on 40 proteins. We further identify 18 SFK-dependent Dok1 interactions and 9 SFK-dependent Dok1 phosphorylation sites, 6 of which had not previously been known to be SFK-dependent.