Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiation measurements during CLARE '98 : an overview

During CLARE’98 several radiometers were operated. In this paper an overview of the instruments operated by KNMI, TUE and TUD/IRCTR is given. This includes the net- and shortwave radiometers operated by KNMI and the sky temperature observations as measured by two IR-radiometers. One IR-radiometer was pointing vertically upwards, the second instrument was mounted in the 25m antenna dish of the Chilbolton radar. A 20/30/50 GHz microwave radiometer (20/30 GHz is on loan from ESTEC) was used to derive the column integrated liquid water and water vapour. Satellite data from the AVHRR instrument were collected and analysed. A time-lapse S-VHS video system was used to monitor the clouds at day-time. All systems were continuously operational during the CLARE’98 campaign, except for the upward pointing IR-radiometer, no technical problems were encountered. Data has been collected, calibrated and submitted to the CLARE’98 database.
Challenges of Distance Learning in the Context of Music Studies: the Case of Lithuania

The paper presents some of the data from an empirical study conducted at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants of the study - first and second cycle students of different specialisations (N=135) from the Music faculty of LAMT - revealed their experiences during the global distance learning that replaced contact studies. The chosen object of the study - the challenges of distance learning in terms of students' experience - allowed to explore and summarise the advantages and disadvantages of distance music studies, as well as to assess the students' emotional well-being during COVID – 19 pandemic. The questionnaire survey showed that the absolute majority of the participants experienced a clear predominance of anxiety and stressful situations during distance learning, and that their motivation to learn dropped significantly during the pandemic. The respondents' answers to open-ended questions, analysed by qualitative content analysis, revealed that studying only at a distance distorts the fundamental idea of music studies - to create and learn from a natural and authentic environment. However, according to the participants, distance learning can also have positive aspects if it is used only in group and non-musicianship/non-musical activities, or if it is combined with contact learning.
The undiscovered biosynthetic potential of the Greenland Ice Sheet microbiome

The Greenland Ice Sheet is a biome which is mainly microbially driven. Several different niches can be found within the glacial biome for those microbes able to withstand the harsh conditions, e.g., low temperatures, low nutrient conditions, high UV radiation in summer, and contrasting long and dark winters. Eukaryotic algae can form blooms during the summer on the ice surface, interacting with communities of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Cryoconite holes and snow are also habitats with their own microbial community. Nevertheless, the microbiome of supraglacial habitats remains poorly studied, leading to a lack of representative genomes from these environments. Under-investigated extremophiles, like those living on the Greenland Ice Sheet, may provide an untapped reservoir of chemical diversity that is yet to be discovered. In this study, an inventory of the biosynthetic potential of these organisms is made, through cataloging the presence of biosynthetic gene clusters in their genomes. There were 133 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 28 whole genomes of bacteria obtained from samples of the ice sheet surface, cryoconite, biofilm, and snow using culturing-dependent and -independent approaches. AntiSMASH and BiG-SCAPE were used to mine these genomes and subsequently analyze the resulting predicted gene clusters. Extensive sets of predicted Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) were collected from the genome collection, with limited overlap between isolates and MAGs. Additionally, little overlap was found in the biosynthetic potential among different environments, suggesting specialization of organisms in specific habitats. The median number of BGCs per genome was significantly higher for the isolates compared to the MAGs. The most talented producers were found among Proteobacteria. We found evidence for the capacity of these microbes to produce antimicrobials, carotenoid pigments, siderophores, and osmoprotectants, indicating potential survival mechanisms to cope with extreme conditions. The majority of identified BGCs, including those in the most prevalent gene cluster families, have unknown functions, presenting a substantial potential for bioprospecting. This study underscores the diverse biosynthetic potential in Greenland Ice Sheet genomes, revealing insights into survival strategies and highlighting the need for further exploration and characterization of these untapped resources.
Molecular Detection of The Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale From Turkeys Flocks in Alexandria Governorate During 2020 – 2021

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) bacterium in poultry causes respiratory disease with reduced body weight, and lowered hatchability. The disease has higher incidence in turkey species, rapidly developing antibiotic resistance, and difficulties in its diagnosis lead to higher economic losses, drug costs, misdiagnosis. Therefore, this work aimed to follow incidence of ORT bacterium in turkeys by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in addition to sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Aspirated infected nasal fluids of seventeen turkey flocks affected with sinusitis were tested using PCR method for 16S rRNA genes of ORT then seven isolates were selected for sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, followed by Gene Bank database submission. PCR results were positive for ORT bacterium at amplicon of 625 bp fragment in 12 out of 17 investigated turkey flocks with a percent of 70.59%. On sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, the selected isolates exhibited 100% similarity with each other, and Tur/France/94 strain and 99.8% with the Egyptian strains (MG773129-Egy-1, and MG773129-Egy-2), Tur/Hungary/2015, Ch/USA/91, Ch/South Africa/91, and Ch/France/95. All sequenced isolates were registered on the GenBank database and accession numbers were taken as follow,
Paleogene record of elemental concentrations in sediments from the Arctic Ocean obtained by XRF analyses

We present a high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner record for the expanded middle Eocene section from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302 (ACEX) drilled on the Lomonosov Ridge, central Arctic Ocean. The division of the middle Eocene into two units (subunit 1/6 and unit 2) is seen in the cyclical behavior of the elements as well as the changing interelemental correlations and their relationship to physical property measurements of bulk sediment. Al, Ti, and K strongly correlate throughout the record, while the behavior of Fe, Mn, and Si is more complex. Utilizing sediment geochemistry calibration to ground truth the XRF data, we suggest the middle Eocene Arctic Ocean was predominately euxinic, although periodic oxygenation of bottom waters must have occurred during unit 2 (49.7–45.4 Ma). Initially, the sediments are rich in biogenic silica (unit 2), but there is a pronounced shift to terrigenous dominated sediment accumulation in subunit 1/6. We report changes in the elemental concentrations of these elements and investigate the relationship between Fe content and pyrite. Additionally, we explore the potential change in paleoenvironmental conditions across the unit boundary.
EARTHQUAKE FAULT RUPTURE PROPAGATION THROUGH SOIL

The phenomenon of earthquake fault rupture propagation through soil is quite complex and is not well understood at this time. This paper presents the results of an integrated investigation of this problem. Insights are developed from the examination of surface fault rupture field case histories, laboratory physical model tests, and physical analogies to the earthquake fault rupture process. Field observations and experimental results illustrate the “typical” patterns of behavior developed in the soil overlying a base rock fault displacement. Evidence suggests that differential movement across the distinct fault rupture dissipates as the fault rupture propagates toward the ground surface through unconsolidated earth materials, and that the characteristics of the soil overlying the bedrock fault strongly influence the observed earthquake fault rupture propagation behavior.
NLOS Mitigation Algorithm by Distance Geometric Constrain for Mine-Used Underground Monorail Crane Localization

In this article, a nonline-of-sight (NLOS) mitigation algorithm by distance geometric constrain (DGC) is proposed for mine-used underground monorail cranes (MUMCs) in the coal mine. This study focuses on the accuracy of a localization system composed of the ultrawideband (UWB) mobile tag fixed on the MUMC and UWB anchors in roadways. A linear fitting equation is designed to eliminate the measurement error of UWB hardware. A correction method based on the DGC and Cayley–Menger determinant (DGC-CMD) is exploited to reduce the NLOS errors, which employs the distance measurement data and geometric relationship of UWB networks. Furthermore, the corrected distance measurement data are put into a robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) to get the precise location of the UWB mobile tag, which is fixed on the MUMC and represents its real-time location. In order to validate the proposed algorithm, experiments are carried out on an MUMC by comparing with the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, the multilateration based on the least square method (LSM), and the weighted centroid localization (WCL) method. The results show that the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm are better than others. The maximum localization error of the proposed algorithm is 0.4098 m, its average localization error is 0.2372 m, and its standard deviation is 0.0739 m.
Infiltration and downslope unsaturated flows in concave and convex topographies

The solution of the nonlinear unsaturated flow equation is given for a problem of infiltration (and associated subsurface flows) into concave and convex topographies made up of homogeneous isotropic soil with uniform initial moisture content. The analysis embraces concave and convex surfaces which are parts of the surfaces of circular cylinders and spheres. We thus model concave and convex slopes (of both ridges and isolated hills), valley bottoms and hollows, and ridgecrests and hillcrests. The major geometrical influence on the flow processes is the slope angle. Only when σ−1 (σ = surface total curvature) is less than about 10 times the characteristic infiltration length lgrav (or 10 times the sorptive length) does the perturbation due to surface curvature need to be taken into account. Accordingly, the earlier analysis of infiltration on planar hillslopes has wide applicability to slopes with surface curvature.
Seasonal, spatially distributed modelling of accumulation and melting of snow for computing runoff in a long‐term, large‐basin water balance model

In mountainous regions of mid latitudes, the accumulation and melting of snow plays an important role for the seasonal water balance. These processes not only exhibit a strong seasonality, but also a high spatial variability, which has to be accounted for when establishing distributed water balances in alpine environments. A methodology was developed for seasonal, spatially distributed modelling of accumulation and melting of snow and was embedded in a water balance model that uses only monthly values of precipitation and air temperature as meteorological input data. Hence, this methodology can also be applied in regions with limited data availability. The model uses a conceptual approach with a spatial resolution of a 1 km × 1 km raster. Snow accumulation is computed from temperature and precipitation data. Snowmelt is computed with a temperature‐index approach. A direct application of these simple concepts using monthly inputs would not yield satisfying results. Therefore, precipitation is disaggregated into rainfall and snowfall by using a transition range considering temporal variations of temperature within a month and the mean deviation of temperature on days with and without precipitation. For modelling snowmelt, two different approaches were tested to incorporate variable temperatures within a month. The model was applied for the whole of Austria (84 000 km2) and simulated runoff was compared with observed runoff at 135 gauges for a 30 year period. The model performs best in high and medium mountainous catchments. Lower model performances are achieved in lowland catchments, where the contribution of snowmelt to river runoff decreases. It can be concluded that modelling accumulation and melting of snow in mountainous areas with monthly data yields good results if a temporal disaggregation of precipitation and temperature is applied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Study on the Wall Shear Stress Distribution in Coronary
 Bifurcations using Finite Element Analysis

Plaque formation in coronary arteries reduces coronary flow reserve, which can cause myocardial infarction in severe conditions. It is well established that wall shear stress (WSS) and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) is the dominant factor behind atherosclerosis. Also, the bifurcations are of special interest as both maximum and minimum values of WSS are present in the vicinity. In this study, CFD simulations are performed over a large coronary network with actual spatial geometry developed from CT scan dataset. Lower shear stresses are found at the outer side of more diverging daughter vessel posterior to bifurcations. Murray’s exponent and bifurcation angle are found as the dominating factors of shear stress distribution while curvature and spatial geometry played a minor role. The results agree with the previously reported clinical data. This study compares the relative hemodynamic condition over a sufficiently large portion of the coronary tree with actual geometry and predicts the behavior of vulnerable bifurcations. The modelling technique can be used for simulating different diseased conditions and helping physicians to take better judgmental decisions with non-invasive measures.
Detection of influential observations in high-dimensional survival data

Abstract Survival analysis is a statistical technique mainly used to analyze time-to-event data. Identification of influential observation attains greater importance since it leads to discovering new prognostic factors. Influential observation in survival typically points to individuals whose survival time is extremely short or long in comparison to others. Particularly, when the data possess more covariates than the observations, all classical approaches fail to perform. Hence, dimensionality reduction is necessary for choosing appropriate variables and it has been done by popular techniques such as LASSO and elastic net algorithm. This paper consider high-dimensional breast cancer data, and its dimensionality is reduced using variable selection methods. Subsequently, the rank product test and martingale residuals are used to identify an influential observation. Furthermore, a resampling technique is used to validate the consistency and robustness of the methods. The novelty of this paper lies in comparing the prediction accuracy of datasets with and without outliers using Random Survival Forest (RSF) for different training fractions. Comparatively, the RSF result demonstrates that the LASSO approach outperform others in the absence of outliers. Therefore, we suggest reducing dimensionality using the LASSO variable selection technique first, followed by removing likely outliers to improve the performance of classification algorithms.
Open Vocabulary Keyword Spotting with Small-Footprint ASR-based Architecture and Language Models

We present the results of experiments on minimizing the model size for the text-based Open Vocabulary Keyword Spotting task. The main goal is to perform inference on devices with limited computing power, such as mobile phones. Our solution is based on the acoustic model architecture adopted from the automatic speech recognition task. We extend the acoustic model with a simple yet powerful language model, which improves recognition results without impacting latency and memory footprint. We also present a method to improve the recognition rate of rare keywords based on the recordings generated by a text-to-speech system. Evaluations using a public testset prove that our solution can achieve a true positive rate in the range of 73% – 86%, with a false positive rate below 24%. The model size is only 3.2 MB, and the real-time factor measured on contemporary mobile phones is 0.05.
GPR37 expression as a prognostic marker in gliomas: a bioinformatics-based analysis

Background: Gliomas are the most frequently diagnosed primary brain tumors, and are associated with multiple molecular aberrations during their development and progression. GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is implicated in different physiological pathways in the brain, and has been linked to various malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between GPR37 gene expression and the clinicopathological factors, patient prognosis, tumor-infiltrating immune cell signature GSEA and methylation levels in glioma. Methods: We explored the diagnostic value, clinical relevance, and molecular function of GPR37 in glioma using TCGA, STRING, cBioPortal, Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and MethSurv databases. Besides, the "ssGSEA" algorithm was conducted to estimate immune cells infiltration abundance, with 'ggplot2' package visualizing the results. Immunohistochemical staining of clinical samples were used to verify the speculations of bioinformatics analysis. Results: GPR37 expression was significantly higher in the glioma tissues compared to the normal brain tissues, and was linked to poor prognosis. Functional annotation of GPR37 showed enrichment of ether lipid metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, and histidine metabolism. In addition, GSEA showed that GPR37 was positively correlated to the positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation, negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, and negatively associated with immunoglobulin complex, immunoglobulin complex circulating, ribosome and spliceosome mediated by circulating immunoglobulin etc. TIMER2.0 and ssGSEA showed that GPR37 expression was significantly associated with the infiltration of T cells, CD8 T cell, eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, NK CD56dim cells, NK cells, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), T helper cells and T effector memory (Tem) cells. In addition, high GPR37 expression was positively correlated with increased infiltration of M2 macrophages, which in turn was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, GPR37 was positively correlated with various immune checkpoints (ICPs). Finally, hypomethylation of the GPR37 promoter was associated with its high expression levels and poor prognosis in glioma. Conclusion: GPR37 had diagnostic and prognostic value in glioma. The possible biological mechanisms of GPR37 provide novel insights into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of glioma.
The use of polar-orbiting satellite sounding data to estimate rural maximum and minimum temperatures

Abstract Atmospheric sounding products from NOAA's polar-orbiting satellites were used to derive and test predictive equations of rural shelter-level maximum and minimum temperatures. Sounding data from both winter and summer months were combined with surface data from over 5300 cooperative weather stations in the continental United States to develop multiple linear regression equations. Separate equations were developed for both maximum and minimum temperature, using the three types of sounding retrievals (clear, partly cloudy, and cloudy). Clear retrieval models outperformed others, and maximum temperatures were more accurately predicted than minimums. Average standard deviations of observed rural shelter temperatures within sounding search areas were of similar magnitude to root-mean-square errors from satellite estimates for most clear and partly cloudy cases, but were significantly less for cloudy retrieval cases. Model validation for surrogate polar and tropical climatic regions showed success in ap.
Environmental change during the Allerød and Younger Dryas reconstructed from Swiss tree‐ring data

Annually resolved tree‐ring width variations and radiocarbon ages were measured from a collection of 120 Lateglacial pine stumps excavated on the Swiss Plateau. These data – representing the oldest absolutely dated wood samples worldwide – extend the absolute tree‐ring chronology from Central Europe by 183 years back to 12 593 cal. yr BP (10 644 cal. yr BC). They also yield a 1420‐year floating chronology covering the entire Allerød and the early Younger Dryas (14 170–12 750 cal. yr BP). Radiocarbon data suggest a 250‐year jump in the 14C reservoir correction around the time of the Allerød to Younger Dryas transition, although calendric dating of the floating chronology – by filling a ∼150 year gap – is necessary for confirmation. Various subgroups, based on the year of germination, were used to assess temporal changes in growth characteristics along the Allerød to Younger Dryas transition. Comparison of these Lateglacial data with a reference data set of living and historic pines from the Swiss Valais (AD 940–2000) revealed differences in both growth trend and level. The generally slower Lateglacial growth was likely influenced by higher geomorphic activity and severe climatic conditions. After removal of the biological age‐trend, a strong common signal found in the tree‐ring data suggests some skill in estimating interannual to multidecadal Lateglacial climatic variations.
GIS modelling in support of earthquake-induced rockfall and cliff collapse risk assessment in the Port Hills, Christchurch

Ground shaking associated with the 22 February 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch earthquake exceeded MM10 and dislodged boulders from cliffs on the upper slopes of the Port Hills, southeast of Christchurch City. Boulders rolled into the urban areas below. Cliffs on the lower slopes collapsed and debris avalanches inundated homes built at their bases and undercut homes built at their crests. Boulders and debris avalanches impacted over 200 buildings and killed five people, resulting in widespread evacuations. Large aftershocks caused further boulder rolls and cliff collapses. Before buildings could be reoccupied a life-safety risk assessment was required. This study included pilot investigations of the 19 worst affected areas and these were used to develop hazard and risk models. Once ground verified, the models were extended to the entire Port Hills area. GIS was the main tool used in the development of the models, but other tools and techniques were also utilised.