Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supramolecule Structure for Amphiphilic Molecules by Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation

Meso-scale simulation of structure formation for AB-dimers in solution W monomers was performed by dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) algorithm. As a simulation model, modified Jury Model was adopted [Jury, S. et al. “Simulation of amphiphilic mesophases using dissipative particle dynamics,” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1 (1999) 2051–2056], which represents mechanics of self-assembly for surfactant hexaethylene glycol dodecyl ether (C12E6) and water (H2O). The same phase diagram as Jury's result was obtained. We also found that it takes a longer time to form the hexagonal phase (H1) than to form the lamellar phase (Lα).
Belief Base Revision for Expressive Description Logics

In this work, we address the problem of revision of OWL-DL knowledge bases. We focus on belief bases revision as it has previously been shown that OWL-DL is not AGM-compliant for revision. Previously an algorithm for belief base semi-revision for propositional logic has been defined; in particular it has been shown how the diagnosis problem can be translated into a revision problem. In this work, we expand upon this work and detail an approach for performing belief base semi-revision in the Description Logic SHOIN , which corresponds to the W3C standard Web Ontology Language OWL-DL. We additionally, discuss various optimizations to make the approach more practical.
Fuzzy‐Trace Theory, Risk Communication, and Product Labeling in Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Health care professionals are a major source of risk communications, but their estimation of risks may be compromised by systematic biases. We examined fuzzy‐trace theory's predictions of professionals' biases in risk estimation for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) linked to: knowledge deficits (producing underestimation of STI risk, re‐infection, and gender differences), gist‐based mental representation of risk categories (producing overestimation of condom effectiveness for psychologically atypical but prevalent infections), retrieval failure for risk knowledge (producing greater risk underestimation when STIs are not specified), and processing interference involving combining risk estimates (producing biases in post‐test estimation of infection, regardless of knowledge). One‐hundred‐seventy‐four subjects (experts attending a national workshop, physicians, other health care professionals, and students) estimated the risk of teenagers contracting STIs, re‐infection rates for males and females, and condom effectiveness in reducing infection risk. Retrieval was manipulated by asking estimation questions in two formats, a specific format that “unpacked” the STI category (infection types) and a global format that did not provide specific cues. Requesting estimates of infection risk after relevant knowledge was directly provided, isolating processing effects, assessed processing biases. As predicted, all groups of professionals underestimated the risk of STI transmission, re‐infection, and gender differences, and overestimated the effectiveness of condoms, relative to published estimates. However, when questions provided better retrieval supports (specified format), estimation bias decreased. All groups of professionals also suffered from predicted processing biases. Although knowledge deficits contribute to estimation biases, the research showed that biases are also linked to fuzzy representations, retrieval failures, and processing errors. Hence, interventions that are designed to improve risk perception among professionals must incorporate more than knowledge dissemination. They should also provide support for information representation, effective retrieval, and accurate processing.
Keep It Simple? Predicting Primary Health Care Costs with Measures of Morbidity and Multimorbidity Che Research Paper 72 Keep It Simple? Predicting Primary Health Care Costs with Measures of Morbidity and Multimorbidity Acknowledgements Further Copies

Background to series CHE Discussion Papers (DPs) began publication in 1983 as a means of making current research material more widely available to health economists and other potential users. So as to speed up the dissemination process, papers were originally published by CHE and distributed by post to a worldwide readership. The CHE Research Paper series takes over that function and provides access to current research output via web-based publication, although hard copy will continue to be available (but subject to charge). Disclaimer Papers published in the CHE Research Paper (RP) series are intended as a contribution to current research. Work and ideas reported in RPs may not always represent the final position and as such may sometimes need to be treated as work in progress. The material and views expressed in RPs are solely those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the collective views of CHE research staff or their research funders. Copies of this paper are freely available to download from the CHE website www.york.ac.uk/che/publications/ Access to downloaded material is provided on the understanding that it is intended for personal use. Copies of downloaded papers may be distributed to third-parties subject to the proviso that the CHE publication source is properly acknowledged and that such distribution is not subject to any payment. Printed copies are available on request at a charge of £5.00 per copy. Please contact the CHE Publications Office, email che-pub@york.ac.uk, telephone 01904 321458 for further details. Keep it simple? Predicting primary heath care costs with measures of morbidity and multimorbidity i Abstract In this paper we investigate the relationship between patients' primary care costs (consultations, tests, drugs) and their age, gender, deprivation and alternative measures of their morbidity and multimorbidity. Such information is required in order to set capitation fees or budgets for general practices to cover their expenditure on providing primary care services. It is also useful to examine whether practices' expenditure decisions vary equitably with patient characteristics. Electronic practice record keeping systems mean that there is very rich information on patient diagnoses. But the diagnostic information (with over 9000 possible diagnoses) is too detailed to be practicable for setting capitation fees or practice budgets. Some method of summarizing such information into more manageable measures of morbidity is required. We therefore compared the ability of eight measures of patient morbidity and multimorbidity to predict future primary care costs using data …
On leader following and classification

Service and assistance robots that must move in human environment must address the difficult issue of navigating in dynamic environments. As it has been shown in previous works, in such situations the robots can take advantage of the motion of persons by following them, managing to move together with humans in difficult situations. In those circumstances, the problem to be solved is how to choose a human leader to be followed. This work proposes an innovative method for leader selection, based on human experience. A learning framework is developed, where data is acquired, labeled and then used to train an AdaBoost classification algorithm, to determine if a candidate is a bad or a good leader, and also to study the contribution of features to the classification process.
Predicting Energy Usage Using Historical Data and Linear Models

This paper presents a method to predict energy usage, based on weather conditions and occupancy, using a multiple linear regression model (MLR) in research office buildings. In this study, linear regression models of four research office sites in different regions of New Zealand were selected to show the capability of simple models to reduce margins of error in energy auditing projects. The final linear regression models developed were based on monthly outside temperatures and numbers of full time employees (FTEs). Comparing actual and predicted energy usage showed that the models can predict energy usage within acceptable errors. The results also showed that each building should be investigated as an individual unit.
An Adaptive Substrate for Agents in an ALife Simulation

We describe a novel configuration of the adaptive computational framework Starcat, a descendant of the Copycat architecture of Mitchell and Hofstadter. The arrangement of components of this instance of the framework realizes an artificial life simulation, a dynamic collection of predator-prey interactions. Each of the agents in the simulation has its behavior regulated by a concept-network known as the slipnet. Various experiments are presented with different slipnets to determine what sorts of collective behavior can arise from their interactions.
Brain Steroidogenesis Mediates Ethanol Modulation of GABAA Receptor Activity in Rat Hippocampus

An interaction with the GABA type A (GABAA) receptor has long been recognized as one of the main neurochemical mechanisms underlying many of the pharmacological actions of ethanol. However, more recent data have suggested that certain behavioral and electrophysiological actions of ethanol are mediated by an increase in brain concentration of neuroactive steroids that results from stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Neuroactive steroids such as 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP) are, in fact, potent and efficacious endogenous positive modulators of GABAA receptor function. Because neurosteroids can be synthesized de novo in the brain, we have investigated whether ethanol might affect both neurosteroid synthesis and GABAA receptor function in isolated rat hippocampal tissue. Here, we show that ethanol increases the concentration of 3α,5α-THP as well as the amplitude of GABAA receptor-mediated IPSCs recorded from CA1 pyramidal neurons in isolated hippocampal slices. These effects are shared by the neurosteroid precursor progesterone, the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor-selective agonist CB34, and γ-hydroxybutyrate, all of which are known to increase the formation of neuroactive steroids in plasma and in the brain. The action of ethanol on GABAA receptor-mediated IPSC amplitude is biphasic, consisting of a rapid, direct effect on GABAA receptor activity and an indirect effect that appears to be mediated by neurosteroid synthesis. Furthermore, ethanol affects GABAA receptor activity through a presynaptic action, an effect that is not dependent on neurosteroid formation. These observations suggest that ethanol may modulate GABAA receptor function through an increase in de novo neurosteroid synthesis in the brain that is independent of the HPA axis. This novel mechanism may have a crucial role in mediating specific central effects of ethanol.
Poverty and Inequality Analysis in a General Equilibrium Framework : The Representative Household Approach

Any analysis of the impact of major economic shocks (for example a significant change in the world price of a major export) on poverty and inequality requires an economy-wide framework that incorporates considerable detail on how households earn and spend their incomes. Figure 15.1 presents a simple schema delineating the links between households and the economic context within which they operate. The framework must incorporate the sorts of shocks that are of interest. Since most household income typically stems from production factors, the framework should capture the impact of shocks on the distribution of incomes across disaggregated factors (for example labor differentiated by skill, education, sex, region, and/or sector of employment; capital by type, sector and/or region; and land by region, type, and/or quality) — the “extended” functional distribution. It is important, not only to disaggregate the factors but also to capture the details of the operation of their markets. Finally, the framework must map from the extended functional distribution to household incomes with enough detail to provide information about the size distribution (the distribution of incomes across households), needed to compute poverty and inequality indices.
On semi-supervised fuzzy c-means clustering with clusterwise tolerance by opposite criteria

The importance of semi-supervised clustering is to handle pairwise constraints as a prior knowledge. In this paper, we will propose a new semi-supervised fuzzy c-means clustering with clusterwise tolerance by opposite criteria. First, the concept of clusterwise tolerance and pairwise constraints are introduced. Second, the optimization problem of proposed method is formulated. Especially, must-link and cannot-link constraints are handled and introduced by opposite criteria in proposed method. Third, a new clustering algorithm is constructed based on the above discussions. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed algorithm is verified through numerical examples.
Multimodal human-robot interaction with Chatterbot system: Extending AIML towards supporting embodied interactions

The research objective of this work is to realize multimodal human-robot interaction based on light-weight Chatterbot system. The dialogue system is integrated into SIGVerse system with immersive multimodal interfaces to achieve interaction in an embodied virtual environment. To validate the feasibility of the proposed design, the actual AIML implementations are described to illustrate (a) Gesture Inputs, (b) Emotional Expressions, (c) Robot Interactive Learning, and (d) Interactive Learning towards Symbol Grounding in multimodal human-robot interaction.
Visual speech recognition using Convolutional VEF snake and canonical correlations

This paper presents a novel approach for automatic visual speech recognition using Convolutional VEF snake and canonical correlations. The utterance image sequences of isolated Chinese words are recorded with a head-mounted camera, and we use Convolutional VEF snake model to detect and track lip boundary rapidly and accurately. Geometric and motion features are both extracted from lip contour sequences and concatenated to form a joint feature descriptor. Canonical correlation is applied to measure the similarity of two utterance feature matrices and a linear discriminant function is introduced to make further improvement on the recognition accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach is promising and the joint feature descriptor is more robust than individual ones.
LPS‐inducible nuclear factor in human monocytes that binds the negative regulatory element of the HIV LTR

We studied the constitutive and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced expression of nuclear protein binding to the negative regulatory element (NRE) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) long terminal repeat (LTR) in fresh human monocytes. We demonstrated the existence of a constitutive factor binding to the NRE 73‐bp HpaII/HpaII fragment (–216 to –143) whose expression is up‐regulated by LPS treatment. Competition experiments with overlapping oligonucleotides covering the HpaII/HpaII fragment and with mutated oligonucleotides mapped the binding within the TTTCATCAC region (–171 to –163). This binding pattern is unique to human monocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56: 21–26; 1994.
A 250-year index of first flowering dates and its response to temperature changes

Widespread concerns about global biodiversity loss have led to a growing demand for indices of biodiversity status. Today, climate change is among the most serious threats to global biodiversity. Although many studies have revealed phenological responses to climate change, no long-term community-level indices have been developed. We derived a 250-year index of first flowering dates for 405 plant species in the UK for assessing the impact of climate change on plant communities. The estimated community-level index in the most recent 25 years was 2.2–12.7 days earlier than any other consecutive 25-year period since 1760. The index was closely correlated with February–April mean Central England Temperature, with flowering 5.0 days earlier for every 1°C increase in temperature. The index was relatively sensitive to the number of species, not records per species, included in the model. Our results demonstrate how multi-species, multiple-site phenological events can be integrated to obtain indices showing trends for each species and across species. This index should play an important role in monitoring the impact of climate change on biodiversity. Furthermore, this approach can be extended to incorporate data from other taxa and countries for evaluating cross-taxa and cross-country phenological responses to climate change.
Improving graduation rates in drug court: A qualitative study of participants’ lived experiences

For nearly three decades, drug courts have provided a rehabilitative approach within the criminal justice system for individuals who have a substance use disorder. The goal of drug courts is to reduce criminal recidivism, and research has consistently suggested that participants that graduate drug court are less likely to recidivate than those who are terminated from the program. This qualitative study adds to the literature by asking drug court participants (N = 42) their views on the most helpful aspects of the program that support them in graduating and how the program could be more helpful to support them in graduating. Two themes emerged from the data: (1) participants felt that interventions that are common to drug courts, such as drug testing and having frequent contact with the judge, were most helpful in supporting them in graduating the program; (2) participants felt that the agencies that offered treatment for their substance use disorders used punitive tactics and judgmental approaches that compromised the quality of treatment they received, and they felt that this was a barrier to them graduating the program. The findings are discussed in reference to drug court practice.
Reconsidering Conflict and Cooperation

An analysis of several important aspects of competition or conflict in games, social choice and decision theory is presented. Inherent difficulties and complexities in cooperation are highlighted. These have over the years led to a certain marginalization of studies related to cooperation. The significant richness of cooperation possibilities and the considerable gains which my lie there hidden are indicated. Based on that, a reconsideration of cooperation is suggested, as a more evolved form of rational behaviour. As one of the motivations it is shown that the paradigmatic non-cooperative Nash equilibrium itself rests on a strong cooperation assumption in the case of $n \geq 3$ players.
SocialSearch: enhancing entity search with social network matching

This paper introduces the problem of matching people names to their corresponding social network identities such as their Twitter accounts. Existing tools for this purpose build upon naive textual matching and inevitably suffer low precision, due to false positives (e.g., fake impersonator accounts) and false negatives (e.g., accounts using nicknames). To overcome these limitations, we leverage "relational" evidences extracted from the Web corpus. In particular, as such an example, weadopt Web document co-occurrences, which can be interpreted as an "implicit" counterpart of Twitter follower relationships. Using both textual and relational features, we learn a ranking function aggregating these features for the accurate ordering of candidate matches. Another key contribution of this paper is to formulate confidence scoring as a separate problem from relevance ranking. A baseline approach is to use the relevance of the top match itself as the confidence score. In contrast, we train a separate classifier, using not only the top relevance score but also various statistical features extracted from the relevance scores of all candidates, and empirically validate to outperform the baseline approach. We evaluate our proposed system using real-life internetscale entity-relationship and social network graphs.
Prognosis of Young Adults With Ischemic Stroke: A Long‐term Follow‐up Study Assessing Recurrent Vascular Events and Functional Outcome in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults

Background and Purpose Information about the long‐term prognosis of young adults with ischemic stroke is limited. Therefore, we performed a follow‐up assessment of 296 patients with ischemic stroke who are enrolled in the Iowa Registry of Stroke in Young Adults. We studied young adults (age, 15 to 45 years) who were referred to a tertiary medical center for management of ischemic stroke between July 1, 1977, and January 1, 1992. Methods Follow‐up assessments were performed by means of questionnaires, examinations, telephone interviews, review of medical records, and reports from personal physicians. Data about risk factors, coincident medical diseases, etiology of stroke, treatment, recurrent stroke, other vascular events, and deaths were collected. Outcomes were rated with the Glasgow Outcome Scale, Barthel Index, National Institutes of Health stroke scale, and the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Quality of life was assessed with the SF‐36 Health Status questionnaire. Results Follow‐up information about the status of 10 patients was limited except that they were alive. Twenty‐one patients (7%) died as the result of their initial stroke, and another 40 patients (14%) died during a mean follow‐up of 6.0 years. None of the patients aged 25 years or younger at the time of stroke died during follow‐up. Mortality was significantly higher among patients who had a stroke secondary to large‐vessel stroke and it was significantly lower in patients with stroke of unknown etiology than in patients with stroke of other causes (relative risk [RR], 1.7; 95% confidence limits [CL], 1.0 to 2.7; and RR, 0.1; CL, 0 to 0.6; respectively). Recurrent strokes occurred in 23 patients (9%) and were fatal in 9. Another 37 patients were treated by a cardiologist during follow‐up; 3 had had a myocardial infarct. Fourteen additional patients needed major vascular surgery. Outcomes with the Glasgow Outcome Scale and Barthel Index were generally favorable. Still, only 49% of patients were still alive, were not disabled, had not suffered from recurrent vascular events, or had not undergone major vascular surgery. Only 42% of survivors had returned to work. A majority of survivors reported emotional, social, or physical residuals that lessened the quality of life. Conclusions The risks of recurrent vascular events in young adults who have had ischemic stroke are considerable. In addition, a majority of survivors will have residual emotional, social, or physical impairments that hamper employment or lower the quality of life. Further research on the quality of life for young adults who survive stroke is needed. (Stroke. 1994;25:1360‐1365.)