Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 1α Promotes Th1 Differentiation and Inhibits Disease Progression in Leishmania major–susceptible BALB/c Mice

Protective immunity against pathogens such as Leishmania major is mediated by interleukin (IL)-12–dependent Th1-immunity. We have shown previously that skin-dendritic cells (DCs) from both resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible BALB/c mice release IL-12 when infected with L. major, and infected BALB/c DCs effectively vaccinate against leishmaniasis. To determine if cytokines other than IL-12 might influence disease outcome, we surveyed DCs from both strains for production of a variety of cytokines. Skin-DCs produced significantly less IL-1α in response to lipopolysaccharide/interferon γ or L. major when expanded from BALB/c as compared with C57BL/6 mice. In addition, IL-1α mRNA accumulation in lymph nodes of L. major–infected BALB/c mice was ∼3-fold lower than that in C57BL/6 mice. Local injections of IL-1α during the first 3 d after infection led to dramatic, persistent reductions in lesion sizes. In L. major–infected BALB/c mice, IL-1α administration resulted in increased Th1- and strikingly decreased Th2-cytokine production. IL-1α and IL-12 treatments were similarly effective, and IL-1α efficacy was strictly IL-12 dependent. These data indicate that transient local administration of IL-1α acts in conjunction with IL-12 to influence Th-development in cutaneous leishmaniasis and prevents disease progression in susceptible BALB/c mice, perhaps by enhancing DC-induced Th1-education. Differential production of IL-1 by C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice may provide a partial explanation for the disparate outcomes of infection in these mouse strains.
Thermodynamic evaluation of inert-gas laser beam fusion cutting with CO2, disk and fiber lasers

Inert-gas laser beam fusion cutting is an established thermal cutting technology for stainless and other high-alloyed steels. At the present time, CO2 lasers are particularly applied for corresponding cutting applications but the nowadays available solid-state disk and fiber lasers seem to be an attractive alternative as efficient cutting heat sources due to their advantages in power efficiency, beam guidance and beam quality. It is consequently anticipated that disk and fiber lasers possess a great potential to change the limits of the cutting performance.However, comparative experimental studies have also shown some distinct differences in the process behavior of CO2, disk and fiber lasers cutting which are not easy to understand at the first sight. Consequently, the available cutting data were thermodynamically analyzed. The theoretical investigations revealed some possible reasons for the detected quantitative and qualitative differences between the cutting results with different laser sources and the achieved deeper understanding of the relevant interactions between the beam properties and the cutting efficiency can be useful for the further establishment of disk and fiber laser cutting.Inert-gas laser beam fusion cutting is an established thermal cutting technology for stainless and other high-alloyed steels. At the present time, CO2 lasers are particularly applied for corresponding cutting applications but the nowadays available solid-state disk and fiber lasers seem to be an attractive alternative as efficient cutting heat sources due to their advantages in power efficiency, beam guidance and beam quality. It is consequently anticipated that disk and fiber lasers possess a great potential to change the limits of the cutting performance.However, comparative experimental studies have also shown some distinct differences in the process behavior of CO2, disk and fiber lasers cutting which are not easy to understand at the first sight. Consequently, the available cutting data were thermodynamically analyzed. The theoretical investigations revealed some possible reasons for the detected quantitative and qualitative differences between the cutting results with different laser sources and the.
Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis

A more simple route to metrology standards The time standards set by atomic clocks are usually the domain of national metrology laboratories. Li et al. modulated the phase of two closely spaced laser lines to generate a comb of stable and equally spaced frequencies. They then used that comb to generate stable microwaves. Being somewhat simpler than existing optical comb generation techniques and also tunable, the approach may offer a new era of metrology and precision timekeeping. Science, this issue p. 309 Two closely spaced laser lines can be used for the generation of stable microwaves. Optical frequency division by using frequency combs has revolutionized time keeping and the generation of stable microwave signals. We demonstrate optical frequency division and microwave generation by using a tunable electrical oscillator to create dual combs through phase modulation of two optical signals that have a stable difference frequency. Phase-locked control of the electrical oscillator by means of optical frequency division produces stable microwaves. Our approach transposes the oscillator and frequency reference of a conventional microwave frequency synthesizer. In this way, the oscillator experiences large phase noise reduction relative to the frequency reference. The electro-optical approach additionally relaxes the need for highly linear photodetection of the comb mode spacing. As well as simplicity, the technique is also tunable and scalable to higher division ratios.
Tarso-Metatarsal Joint Injuries in Children

Summary: Tarso-metatarsal joint injuries do occur in the pediatric age group, and the mechanisms and patterns of injury are similar to the adult variety. Surgical reduction is indicated in those cases with obvious displacement. Unstable reductions are best managed by percutaneous pin fixation across the tarso-metatarsal joint. The short-term results are generally good in spite of extensive disruption at the tarso-metatarsal joint complex. Only a long range follow-up will reveal the realistic results of these injuries.
Intron conservation across the prokaryote-eukaryote boundary: structure of the nuclear gene for chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from maize.

The nuclear gene encoding chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from maize has been cloned and sequenced. The gene is G + C rich in its coding sequences and, in addition, contains a CpG-rich region surrounding the promoter. Further upstream several enhancer-like repetitions have been identified that may control the light- and phytochrome-mediated expression of this gene. The gene is interrupted by three introns. Introns 1 and 2 are located within the sequence encoding the transit peptide, dividing it into three parts, each containing one of the three major homology blocks typical for transit peptides of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins. Intron 3 is located at codon 166 (glycine) at the same nucleotide position as intron 1 in the GAPDH gene from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that this intron was present in the parental GAPDH gene from which these two modern descendants originated. Intron 3 divides the GAPDH protein into its two constituent domains, the NAD-binding and the catalytic domain, immediately after helix alpha 1 at a position homologous to that of intron 9 in the gene for maize alcohol dehydrogenase, thereby confirming the prediction of Brändén et al. on the basis of gene-protein structure correlations in maize alcohol dehydrogenase for the placement of introns in the GAPDH gene [Brändén, C.I. , Eklund, H. , Cambillau, C. & Pryor, A.J. (1984) EMBO J. 3, 1307-1310]. These results suggest that intron 3 is an archetypical relic of early GAPDH and alcohol dehydrogenase evolution, whereas introns 1 and 2 were implicated in the evolution of chloroplast transit peptides.
An approach for fuzzy-PI control of mobile robot with wheels

A moving control method for mobile robot with wheels is presented in this paper, which adopts a combined fuzzy-PI control algorithm to realize the corresponding of motor rotation speed, so that the mobile robot can realize some different moving properties. At last, by the experimental verification in the four-wheel mobile robot named as XJTUMR-1, the research results show the investigated moving control method has a good adaptability and robust.
Channel reservation protocol for over-subscribed channels and destinations

Channels in system-wide networks tend to be over-subscribed due to the cost of bandwidth and increasing traffic demands. To make matters worse, workloads can overstress specific destinations, creating hotspots. Lossless networks offer attractive advantages compared to lossy networks but suffer from tree saturation. This led to the development of explicit congestion notification (ECN). However, ECN is very sensitive to its configuration parameters and acts only after congestion forms. We propose channel reservation protocol (CRP) to enable sources to reserve bandwidth in multiple resources in advance of packet transmission and with a single request, but without idling resources like circuit switching. CRP prevents congestion from ever occurring and thus reacts instantly to traffic changes, whereas ECN requires 300,000 cycles to stabilize in our experiments. Furthermore, ECN may not prevent congestion formed by short-lived flows generated by a large combination of source-destination pairs.
Adaptive correction of imaging plane position in segmented K‐space cine cardiac MRI

Variability among breath‐holds frequently produces registration errors, a situation that may contribute to reproducibility error in anatomic indices. A navigator‐echo‐based method for real‐time prospective correction of imaging slice level was applied to breath‐hold cine cardiac imaging of 13 subjects. Repeat acquisitions with correction in the cardiac short‐axis orientation showed significantly improved reproducibility in fractional area change and endocardial centroid location as compared with conventional noncorrected methods.
Unsupervised query segmentation using only query logs

We introduce an unsupervised query segmentation scheme that uses query logs as the only resource and can effectively capture the structural units in queries. We believe that Web search queries have a unique syntactic structure which is distinct from that of English or a bag-of-words model. The segments discovered by our scheme help understand this underlying grammatical structure. We apply a statistical model based on Hoeffding's Inequality to mine significant word n-grams from queries and subsequently use them for segmenting the queries. Evaluation against manually segmented queries shows that this technique can detect rare units that are missed by our Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) baseline.
Biocultural Diversity in the Sustainability of Developing-Country Food Systems

The policy implications of a model of contemporary food systems for developing countries that integrates nutrition, reduction of disease risk, culture, income generation, and biodiversity are reviewed within a theoretical and empirical examination of the relevance of nutrition to the priorities put forward at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2002. Agricultural, health, economic, and social policies with local reach are necessary responses to the increase in noncommunicable disease associated with the globalization of food systems. Nutrition offers a nexus for the changes in individual behavior and motivation essential for fundamental shifts in production and consumption patterns. Mutual consideration of biocultural diversity and nutrition can guide policy, research, promotion, and applied action in developing countries. Benefits from enhanced use of biodiversity must legitimately flow to the undernourished poor, while potential negative consequences must be minimized and mitigated. Quality and quantity of food need not be mutually exclusive. Functions related to energy density, glycemic control, oxidative stress, and immunostimulation define important research priorities. Tests of the hypothesis that biodiversity equates with dietary diversity and health might combine quantitative indicators of dietary and biological diversity with nutrition and health outcomes. Biodiversity, where it is part of traditional agricultural and food systems, can be best conserved and enhanced through rational use within a broad-based developmental focus on small-scale and low-input production. The fact that traditional systems, once lost, are hard to recreate underlines the imperative for timely documentation, compilation, and dissemination of eroding knowledge of biodiversity and the use of food culture for promoting positive behaviors.
Audit: Automated Disk Investigation Toolkit

Software tools designed for disk analysis play a critical role today in forensics investigations. However, these digital forensics tools are often difficult to use, usually task specific, and generally require professionally trained users with IT backgrounds. The relevant tools are also often open source requiring additional technical knowledge and proper configuration. This makes it difficult for investigators without some computer science background to easily conduct the needed disk analysis. In this paper, we present AUDIT, a novel automated disk investigation toolkit that supports investigations conducted by non-expert (in IT and disk technology) and expert investigators. Our proof of concept design and implementation of AUDIT intelligently integrates open source tools and guides non-IT professionals while requiring minimal technical knowledge about the disk structures and file systems of the target disk image.
Joint source/relay precoder design in nonregenerative cooperative systems using an MMSE criterion

This paper considers transmitter precoding in an amplify-and-forward cooperative system where multiple antennas are equipped at the source, the relay, and the destination. Existing methods for the problem only consider the design of the relay precoder. To further improve the performance, we include the source precoder into the design. Using a minimum-meansquare- error (MMSE) criterion, we propose a joint source/relay precoder design method, taking both the direct and relay links into account. It is shown that the MMSE is a highly nonlinear function of the precoding matrices, and a direct minimization is not feasible. To facilitate analysis, we propose to design the precoders toward first diagonalizing the MSE matrix of the relay link. This imposes certain structural constraints on both precoders that allow us to derive an analytically tractable MSE upper bound. By conducting minimization with respect to this bound, the solution can be obtained by an iterative water-filling technique.
Overview of the management of relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis and practical recommendations

The initial phases of the clinical course of relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by a mainly inflammatory pathology which gives way to a largely neurodegenerative process as the disease evolves. As all currently available disease‐modifying therapies aim to control inflammation, the window of opportunity for use is early in the disease course, specifically at the time of a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS or in the early stages of relapsing−remitting MS. Approximately 30% of patients treated with first‐line immunomodulators (interferon‐β or glatiramer acetate) show a suboptimal response during the first 1–2 years and require a switch to an alternative therapy. It is recommended not to wait too long to switch in order to prevent disease progression. Patients with a poor prognosis in particular may require a timely switch to a second‐line agent. Regular monitoring of disease and therapy in patients with MS is essential. In the first year after diagnosis, clinical evaluations (neurological status, symptomatic assessment, patient well‐being) should be performed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months, and then every 6 months thereafter. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed every 6 months in the first year of treatment, and at least once yearly thereafter. A spinal cord MRI should be performed once yearly in patients presenting spinal symptoms.
Negative regulation of HDM2 to attenuate p53 degradation by ribosomal protein L26

HDM2 is a p53-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. Its overexpression leads to excessive inactivation of tumor protein p53, diminishing its tumor suppressor function. HDM2 also affects the cell cycle, apoptosis and tumorigenesis through interacting with other molecules, including several ribosomal proteins. To identify novel HDM2 regulators, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using HDM2 as bait. Among the candidates, ribosomal protein L26 (RPL26) was characterized as a novel HDM2-interactor. The interaction between HDM2 and RPL26 was further validated by in vivo and in vitro assays. RPL26 modulates the HDM2–p53 interaction by forming a ternary complex among RPL26, HDM2 and p53, which stabilize p53 through inhibiting the ubiquitin ligase activity of HDM2. The ribosomal stress caused by a low dose of Act D enhances RPL26–HDM2 interaction and activates p53. Overexpression of RPL26 results in activating of p53, inhibits cell proliferation and induces a p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. These results provide a novel regulatory mechanism of RPL26 to activate p53 by inhibiting HDM2.
Vibrodiagnostics of compressor valves via empirical mode decomposition method

The paper presents a mathematical model of a piston compressor which is a part of an oxygen gas generator. Taking into account the structural parameters of the compressor, as well as the suction and pressurization valves, such model allows one to obtain the dynamics of the pressure amplitude under the compressor's piston with the vibration velocity and vibration acceleration that are transmitted in the form of mechanical affections to the equipment (such mechanical affections can be observed at the corresponding sensors use). We also investigate the use of the Empirical Mode Decomposition algorithm for determination of the compressor's model parameters that determine the defect evolution.
Interventions for clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Over the last decade there has been enhanced awareness of the appreciable morbidity of thyroid dysfunction, particularly thyroid deficiency. Since treating clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism may reduce adverse obstetric outcomes, it is crucial to identify which interventions are safe and effective. OBJECTIVES To identify interventions used in the management of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy and to ascertain the impact of these interventions on important maternal, fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 March 2013). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared a pharmacological intervention for hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy with another intervention or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors assessed trial eligibility and quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS We included four RCTs of moderate risk of bias involving 362 women. In one trial of 115 women, levothyroxine therapy to treat pregnant euthyroid (normal thyroid function) women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies was not shown to reduce pre-eclampsia significantly (risk ratio (RR) 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 3.48) but did significantly reduce preterm birth by 72% (RR 0.28; 95% CI 0.10 to 0.80). Two trials of 30 and 48 hypothyroid women respectively compared levothyroxine doses, but both trials reported only biochemical outcomes. A trial of 169 women compared the trace element selenomethionine (selenium) with placebo and no significant differences were seen for either pre-eclampsia (RR 1.44; 95% CI 0.25 to 8.38) or preterm birth (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.20 to 4.61). None of the four trials reported on childhood neurodevelopmental delay.There was a non-significant trend towards fewer miscarriages with levothyroxine, and selenium showed some favourable impact on postpartum thyroid function and a decreased incidence of moderate to advanced postpartum thyroiditis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review found no difference between levothyroxine therapy and a control for treating pregnant euthyroid women with thyroid peroxidase antibodies for the outcome of pre-eclampsia, however a reduction in preterm birth and a trend towards reduced miscarriage with levothyroxine was shown. This review also showed no difference for pre-eclampsia or preterm birth when selenium was compared with placebo, however a promising reduction in postpartum thyroiditis was shown. Childhood neurodevelopmental delay was not assessed by any trial included in the review.Given that this review is based on four trials of moderate risk of bias, with only two trials contributing data (n = 284), there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of one intervention for clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism pre-pregnancy or during pregnancy over another, for improving maternal, fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes.
Substrate-integrated waveguide-to-microstrip couplers for integrated-circuit antenna applications

In order to implement automatic gain control arrangements in receiver applications, multi-aperture couplers between microstrip circuitry and substrate-integrated waveguides are proposed. The design procedure is described, and couplers formed by single-aperture and dual-aperture configurations are presented. It is demonstrated that the coupling can be as tight as 1 dB but that weaker coupling leads to more broadband and flatter coupler performance. Designs are carried out in an HFSS environment; comparisons with CST validate the design procedure. Dimensions and parameters of all couplers are presented as guidelines for general design purpose.