Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Glass Cliff: Exploring the Dynamics Surrounding the Appointment of Women to Precarious Leadership Positions

In this paper we explore the “glass cliff” form of discrimination. We review archival and experimental evidence of the glass cliff and identify multiple processes as having the potential to contribute to the phenomenon. We also outline a range of potential reactions to the phenomenon, and we elaborate strategies for eliminating glass cliffs, but, as with other forms of (gender) discrimination, we argue that these depend on the capacity for disadvantaged groups to overcome resistance on the part of those who are motivated to maintain the status quo.
Training investment decision research under the influence of the trained staff turnover risk

Nowadays in order to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, more and more enterprises begin to train their staff. However, When the technology improves or the ability of workers enhance, they may depart from the company which they stay now, and give rise to phenomenon of trained staff turnover. Trained staff turnover has caused many losses to the enterprises, more and more enterprises begin to care for this issue.In this article we take the biggest income and the smallest loss of training cost as the enterprises' training target,establish enterprises' training investment model. Seen by the definition of the risk appetite,divide the trained staff into risk preferences type, risk neutral type and risk-averse type. At last, we use pareto multi-objective genetic algorithm to solve the model, which provide the basis for the development of training for the enterprise investment decision-making.
An optimizing compiler for an SPAP architecture using AI tools

A methodology that allows users to efficiently bridge the gap between high-level language and low-level microcode when implementing intensive mathematical operations and manipulations algorithms is discussed. The use of an optimized special-purpose array processor (SPAP) architecture for numerical computation and a host microprocessor for nonnumerical computation operations is described. The advantages of the optimizing compiler, the target architecture, and the compiler's implementation using AI tools are examined. <<ETX>>
Material computing: computing materials

Embedding computers into our environment is perhaps not only a job for computer scientist and engineers. We propose to understand the computer as a material for design as means to invite artists, architect, and designers to participate in envisioning how and where the computational power can be used. We will invite the conference attendees to (once again) think about how to bridge the so-called gap between computational and material properties but this time using a material rather than the traditional information centric perspective. The invitation is extended through hands-on experiences with our two samples of computational composites.
Strained-Si heterostructure field effect transistors

The purpose of this review article is to report on the recent developments and the performance level achieved in the strained-Si/SiGe material system. In the first part, the technology of the growth of a high-quality strained-Si layer on a relaxed, linear or step-graded SiGe buffer layer is reviewed. Characterization results of strained-Si films obtained with secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy are presented. Techniques for the determination of bandgap parameters from electrical characterization of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures on strained-Si film are discussed. In the second part, processing issues of strained-Si films in conventional Si technology with low thermal budget are critically reviewed. Thermal and low-temperature microwave plasma oxidation and nitridation of strained-Si layers are discussed. Some recent results on contact metallization of strained-Si using Ti and Pt are presented. In the last part, device applications of strained Si with special emphasis on heterostructure metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors and modulation-doped field effect transistors are discussed. Design aspects and simulation results of n- and p-MOS devices with a strained-Si channel are presented. Possible future applications of strained-Si/SiGe in high-performance SiGe CMOS technology are indicated.
Emotion Recognition from Physiological Signals for User Modeling of Affect

In this paper, we describe algorithms developed to analyze physiological signals associated with emotions, in order to recognize the affective states of users via non-invasive technologies. We propose a framework for modeling user's emotions from the sensory inputs and interpretations of our multi-modal system. We also describe examples of circumstances in which this kind of system can be applied to.
Redundant Rigidity of the Node Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Location awareness is highly difficult for wireless sensor networks. To localize the node using GPS, it is observed that the network is not entirely localized and also can't identify the number of nodes can be located within a network. Node localizability testing cannot be achieved. This problem can be overcome by using sensor. A new scheme called as Euclidean distance ranging techniques for the node localizability is proposed. It can identify the number of nodes can be located within a network configuration. When localize the node, the nodes can be utterly localized and also the path can be identified using three vertex disjoin path. Node localizability provides useful guidelines for network management and other location based services. This leads to power consumption and cost will be reduced. This concept can be applied for oceanography, aircraft and for any critical situation.
Did Brisbane Grow Smartly? Drivers of City Growth 1991-2001 and Lessons for Current Policies

Urban areas are growing unsustainably around the world; however, the growth patterns and their associated drivers vary between contexts. As a result, research has highlighted the need to adopt case study based approaches to stimulate the development of new theoretic understandings. Using land-cover data sets derived from Landsat images (30 m × 30 m), this research identifies both patterns and drivers of urban growth in a period (1991-2001) when a number of policy acts were enacted aimed at fostering smart growth in Brisbane, Australia. A linear multiple regression model was estimated using the proportion of lands that were converted from non-built-up (1991) to built-up usage (2001) within a suburb as a dependent variable to identify significant drivers of land-cover changes. In addition, the hot spot analysis was conducted to identify spatial biases of land-cover changes, if any. Results show that the built-up areas increased by 1.34% every year. About 19.56% of the non-built-up lands in 1991 were converted into built-up lands in 2001. This conversion pattern was significantly biased in the northernmost and southernmost suburbs in the city. This is due to the fact that, as evident from the regression analysis, these suburbs experienced a higher rate of population growth, and had the availability of habitable green field sites in relatively flat lands. The above findings suggest that the policy interventions undertaken between the periods were not as effective in promoting sustainable changes in the environment as they were aimed for.
Embodied Evolution for Collective Indoor Surveillance and Location

In this work, the canonical distributed embodied evolution algorithm used to solve a collective task in which a team of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) has to do surveillance in an indoor area. In order to efficiently survey the arena, the MAVs need to locate themselves and keep track of the recent covered areas and to share this information with other robots. This self-localization is performed using an IMU and a camera by means of artificial landmarks that can be sensed using the onboard camera and the position of other MAV in sight. The accuracy in the location of each MAV arises as a dynamic parameter and has been included as part of the problem to solve. Therefore, the collective control system is in charge of organizing the MAVs in order to increase the surveillance efficiency which is also subject to maintain a suitable accuracy for each of the MAVs.
Dynamic, auxin-responsive plasma membrane-to-nucleus movement of Arabidopsis BRX

In Arabidopsis, interplay between nuclear auxin perception and trans-cellular polar auxin transport determines the transcriptional auxin response. In brevis radix (brx) mutants, this response is impaired, probably indirectly because of disturbed crosstalk between the auxin and brassinosteroid pathways. Here we provide evidence that BRX protein is plasma membrane-associated, but translocates to the nucleus upon auxin treatment to modulate cellular growth, possibly in conjunction with NGATHA class B3 domain-type transcription factors. Application of the polar auxin transport inhibitor naphthalene phthalamic acid (NPA) resulted in increased BRX abundance at the plasma membrane. Thus, nuclear translocation of BRX could depend on cellular auxin concentration or on auxin flux. Supporting this idea, NPA treatment of wild-type roots phenocopied the brx root meristem phenotype. Moreover, BRX is constitutively turned over by the proteasome pathway in the nucleus. However, a stabilized C-terminal BRX fragment significantly rescued the brx root growth phenotype and triggered a hypocotyl gain-of-function phenotype, similar to strong overexpressors of full length BRX. Therefore, although BRX activity is required in the nucleus, excess activity interferes with normal development. Finally, similar to the PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) auxin efflux carrier, BRX is polarly localized in vascular cells and subject to endocytic recycling. Expression of BRX under control of the PIN1 promoter fully rescued the brx short root phenotype, suggesting that the two genes act in the same tissues. Collectively, our results suggest that BRX might provide a contextual readout to synchronize cellular growth with the auxin concentration gradient across the root tip.
Space pilot: an introduction to amateur flight simulation

Life in twenty-first-century societies is complex, interdependent and changeable. Taking this consideration as its starting point, this article examines how spatial analysis comprehends this fluidity. With the theoretical emphasis on Henri Lefebvre, I look to examine how the classic triadic model of lived, conceived and perceived space can be updated to include those areas of space whereby society is in a state of flux, manifested by the apparently indiscernible switches between a variety of spaces. The constant movement and habitation of a multitude of spaces, I call “trans-space”. Expanding upon this, the article argues that a revision of Lefebvre's typology should include “digital” and “enchanted” space to allow for a more nuanced comprehension of how space interrelates. This model is then applied to the ethnographic study of an amateur flight simulator, showing how individuals transfer between spaces, how spaces act when they are brought together and how they simultaneously complement and resist one another.
Accelerating SAT Based Planning with Incremental SAT Solving

One of the most successful approaches to automated planning is the translation to propositional satisfiability (SAT). We employ incremental SAT solving to increase the capabilities of several modern encodings for SAT based planning. Experiments based on benchmarks from the 2014 International Planning Competition show that an incremental approach significantly outperforms non incremental solving. Although we are using sequential scheduling of makespans, we can outperform the state-of-the-art SAT based planning system Madagascar in the number of solved instances.
An Enhanced Structure-from-Motion Paradigm Based on the Absolute Dual Quadric and Images of Circular Points

This work aims at introducing a new unified Structure from Motion (SfM) paradigm in which images of circular point-pairs can be combined with images of natural points. An imaged circular point-pair encodes the 2D Euclidean structure of a world plane and can easily be derived from the image of a planar shape, especially those including circles. A classical SfM method generally runs two steps: first a projective factorization of all matched image points (into projective cameras and points) and second a camera self calibration that updates the obtained world from projective to Euclidean. This work shows how to introduce images of circular points in these two SfM steps while its key contribution is to provide the theoretical foundations for combining "classical" linear self-calibration constraints with additional ones derived from such images. We show that the two proposed SfM steps clearly contribute to better results than the classical approach. We validate our contributions on synthetic and real images.
Toward hierarchical models for statistical machine translation of inflected languages

In statistical machine translation, correspondences between the words in the source and the target language are learned from bilingual corpora on the basis of so called alignment models. Existing statistical systems for MT often treat different derivatives of the same lemma as if they were independent of each other. In this paper we argue that a better exploitation of the bilingual training data can be achieved by explicitly taking into account the interdependencies of the different derivatives. We do this along two directions: Usage of hierarchical lexicon models and the introduction of equivalence classes in order to ignore information not relevant for the translation task. The improvement of the translation results is demonstrated on a German-English corpus.
Transcriptional regulation of multidrug efflux pumps in bacteria.

As integral membrane proteins demonstrating an extraordinarily wide substrate range, some degree of regulatory control over the expression of bacterial multidrug-resistance (MDR) transporters is to be expected. Excessive expression could be deleterious, due to direct, physical disruption of membrane integrity, or the unwanted export of essential metabolites, a potential side-effect of their broad substrate specificity. There are limited clues as to the physiological functions of most MDR transporters, but their expression is likely to be up-regulated in response to the presence of natural substrates of these pumps. Thus, it is no surprise that MDR genes are subject to regulation at the local level, consisting of examples of both transcriptional repression and activation by proteins encoded adjacent to that for the transporter. Furthermore, an increasing number of MDR genes have also been found to be controlled by global transcriptional activator proteins.
A New Out-of-Step Relay with Rate of Change of Apparent Resistance Augmentation

A new concept in out-of-step protective relaying that has several advantages over conventional out-of-step relaying is developed. The technique involves augmenting apparent impedance or apparent resistance based control with computed rate of change of apparent impedance or resistance. By use of appropriate control laws plus adaptive features, a relay which can be set closer to stability limits is obtained.
Autism and pitch processing: A precursor for savant musical ability.

Musically naive autistic children were compared with musically naive mental age-matched control subjects for their ability to identify and remember single-note frequencies or speech sounds. As an analogy to testing for absolute pitch, subjects were asked after two different time intervals to point out animal pictures previously paired with these stimuli. The results showed that although both groups identified and recalled speech sounds equally well, those with autism demonstrated a superior ability for single-note identification over both time intervals. The findings are discussed in terms of an enhanced capacity, characteristic of autistic persons, to process and retain isolated, context-independent elements of stimulus arrays.
Models for Evaluating Airline Overbooking 301 Models for Evaluating Airline Overbooking

We develop two models to evaluate overbooking policies. Thefirstmodelpredicts theeffectivenessof aproposedoverbookingscheme, using the concept of expectedmarginal seat revenue (EMSR). Thismodel solves the discount seat allocation problem in the presence of overbooking factors for each fare class and evaluates an overbooking policy stochastically. The second model takes in historical flight data and reconstructs what the optimal seat allocation should have been. The percentage of overbooking revenue obtained in practice serves as a measure of the policy’s value. Finally, we examine the overbooking problem in light of the recent drastic changes to airline industry and conclude that increased overbooking would bring short-term profits to most carriers. However, the long-term ill effects that have traditionally caused airlines to shun such a policy would be even more pronounced in a post-tragedy climate.
Threatened by diversity: Why restrictive asylum and immigration policies appeal to western Europeans

Previous research has found that, especially in contemporary western Europe, culture or identity concerns are more important for explaining immigration and asylum policy preferences than economic concerns. This article advances this line of research by considering three new hypotheses, which specify how and why culture and identity concerns matter so much. The first two hypotheses distinguish between two different identity concerns that have arisen as a consequence of globalization – worries about declining national authority, on the one hand, and diminished national unity and uniqueness, on the other. The third hypothesis holds that anti‐immigrant elites play an important role in persuading the public that restrictive immigration and asylum policies are an appropriate response to such concerns. Using survey data collected in 2003 for 18 western European countries and regions, the study finds overwhelming support for the second hypothesis. Western Europeans demand restrictive immigration and asylum policies mainly because they are concerned that diversity of religion, language and tradition will have a negative impact on their country.
Comparison of inbred mouse substrains reveals segregation of maladaptive fear phenotypes

Maladaptive fear, such as fear that is persistent or easily generalized to a nonthreatening stimuli, is associated with anxiety-related disorders in humans. In the laboratory, maladaptive fear can be modeled in rodents using Pavlovian fear conditioning. Recently, an inbred mouse strain known as 129S1/SvImJ, or 129S1 has been reported as exhibiting impairments in fear extinction and enhanced fear generalization. With a long-term goal of identifying segregating genetic markers of maladaptive fear, we used Pavlovian fear conditioning to characterize a closely related substrain designated as 129S6/SvEvTac, or 129S6. Here we report that, like 129S1 animals, 129S6 mice exhibit appropriate levels of fear upon conditioning, but are unable to extinguish fear memories once they are consolidated. Importantly, the maladaptive fear phenotype in this inbred stain can be segregated by sub-strain when probed using conditioning protocols designed to assess generalized fear. We find that unlike the 129S1 substrain, mice from the 129S6 sub-strain do not generalize conditioned fear to previously novel contexts and can learn to discriminate between two similar contexts when trained using a discrimination protocol. These results suggest that at least two forms of maladaptive fear (deficits in fear extinction and fear generalization) can be can be functionally segregated, further suggesting that the underlying neurobiology is heritable. Given the observation that two closely related sub-strains can exhibit different constellations of maladaptive fear suggests that these findings could be exploited to facilitate the identification of candidate genes for anxiety-related disorders.
Ictal Epileptiform Activity Is Facilitated by Hippocampal GABAA Receptor-Mediated Oscillations

The cellular and network mechanisms of the transition of brief interictal discharges to prolonged seizures are a crucial issue in epilepsy. Here we used hippocampal slices exposed to ACSF containing 0 Mg2+ to explore mechanisms for the transition to prolonged (3–42 sec) seizure-like (“ictal”) discharges. Epileptiform activity, evoked by Shaffer collateral stimulation, triggered prolonged bursts in CA1, in 50–60% of slices, from both adult and young (postnatal day 13–21) rats. In these cases the first component of the CA1 epileptiform burst was followed by a train of population spikes at frequencies in the γ band and above (30–120 Hz, reminiscent of tetanically evoked γ oscillations). The γ burst in turn could be followed by slower repetitive “tertiary” bursts. Intracellular recordings from CA1 during the γ phase revealed long depolarizations, action potentials rising from brief apparent hyperpolarizations, and a drop of input resistance. The CA1 γ rhythm was completely blocked by bicuculline (10–50 μm), by ethoxyzolamide (100 μm), and strongly attenuated in hyperosmolar perfusate (50 mm sucrose). Subsequent tertiary bursts were also blocked by bicuculline, ethoxyzolamide, and in hyperosmolar perfusate. In all these cases intracellular recordings from CA3 revealed only short depolarizations. We conclude that under epileptogenic conditions, γ band oscillations arise from GABAAergic depolarizations and that this activity may lead to the generation of ictal discharges.
Answering Why-not Questions on Top-k Queries

After decades of effort working on database performance, the quality and the usability of database systems have received more attention in recent years. In particular, the feature of explaining missing tuples in a query result, or the so-called "why-not" questions, has recently become an active topic. In this paper, we study the problem of answering why-not questions on top-k queries. Our motivation is that we know many users love to use top-k queries when they are making multi-criteria decisions. However, they often feel frustrated when they are asked to quantify their feeling as a set of numeric weightings, and feel even more frustrated after they see the query results do not include their expected answers. In this paper, we use the query-refinement method to approach the problem. Given as inputs the original top-k query and a set of missing tuples, our algorithm returns to the user a refined top-k query that includes the missing tuples. A case study and experimental results show that our approach returns high quality explanations to users efficiently.
Direct Comparison of the Functional Roles Played by Different Transmembrane Regions in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel Pore*

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl– channel contains 12 transmembrane (TM) regions that are presumed to form the channel pore. However, little is known about the relative functional contribution of different TM regions to the pore. We have used patch clamp recording to investigate the functional consequences of point mutations throughout the six transmembrane regions in the N-terminal part of the CFTR protein (TM1-TM6). A range of specific functional assays compared the single channel conductance, anion binding, and anion selectivity properties of different channel variants. Overall, our results suggest that TM1 and -6 play dominant roles in forming the channel pore and determining its functional properties, with TM5 perhaps playing a lesser role. In contrast, TM2, -3, and -4 appear to play only minor supporting roles. These results define transmembrane regions 1 and 6 as major contributors to the CFTR channel pore and have strong implications for emerging structural models of CFTR and related ATP-binding cassette proteins.