Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semantic interpretations of postpositions and prepositions : a multilingual inventory for Basque , English and Spanish

This article describes a common inventory of interpretations for postpositions (Basque) and prepositions (English and Spanish). The inventory is a flat list of tags, based mainly on thematic roles. Using the same inventory allows to know for each postposition or preposition, which are the translations for each possible interpretation. We think this resource will be useful for studies on machine translation, but also on lexical acquisition experiments on the syntax-semantic interface that make use of multilingual data. The method to derive the inventory and the list of interpretations for Basque postpositions and Spanish and English prepositions has tried to be systematic, and is based on [Aldezabal, forthcoming and [Dorr, 1993].
Youth in transition: life skills among perinatally HIV-infected and HIV-exposed adolescents.

OBJECTIVE To examine mastery of life skills necessary for independent adulthood among perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHIV-) youth. METHODS Participants were recruited from four medical centers in New York City as part of a longitudinal study. Data for this article came from interviews of 150 PHIV+ and 95 PHIV- youth (age 13-24 years) and their caregivers. Life skills mastery was assessed using the Ansell-Casey Life Skills Assessment (ACLSA). RESULTS PHIV+ youth had lower daily living skill mastery than PHIV- youth according to both youth and caregivers, and lower self-care mastery according to caregiver report. No HIV-status group differences were found in social relationships scores, but PHIV- youth had higher scores than an ACLSA benchmark sample. CONCLUSIONS PHIV+ youth may need supportive services in daily living and self-care needs to transition into adulthood. Normal-to-high functioning in social relationships may be important for learning to live independently.
Convergence of Innate and Adaptive Immunity during Human Aging

Aging is associated with profound changes in the human immune system, a phenomenon referred to as immunosenescence. This complex immune remodeling affects the adaptive immune system and the CD8+ T cell compartment in particular, leading to the accumulation of terminally differentiated T cells, which can rapidly exert their effector functions at the expenses of a limited proliferative potential. In this review, we will discuss evidence suggesting that senescent αβCD8+ T cells acquire the hallmarks of innate-like T cells and use recently acquired NK cell receptors as an alternative mechanism to mediate rapid effector functions. These cells concomitantly lose expression of co-stimulatory receptors and exhibit decreased T cell receptor signaling, suggesting a functional shift away from antigen-specific activation. The convergence of innate and adaptive features in senescent T cells challenges the classic division between innate and adaptive immune systems. Innate-like T cells are particularly important for stress and tumor surveillance, and we propose a new role for these cells in aging, where the acquisition of innate-like functions may represent a beneficial adaptation to an increased burden of malignancy with age, although it may also pose a higher risk of autoimmune disorders.
A Survey of State Persistency in Peer-to-Peer Massively Multiplayer Online Games

Recently, there has been significant research focus on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). A number of architectures have been presented in the literature to implement the P2P approach. One aspect that has not received sufficient attention in these architectures is state persistency in P2P MMOGs. This survey presents an overview of the current challenges present in P2P MMOGs, followed by an overview of classic state consistency models used in C/S MMOGs. The survey then classifies the state persistency techniques currently used in P2P MMOGs into super peer storage, overlay storage, hybrid storage, and distance-based storage. Key characteristics, namely scalability, fairness, reliability, responsiveness, and security are then defined. Each state persistency technique is evaluated according to these characteristics and recommendations are then made of possible future areas of research into the different storage types.
THE CONTESTABILITY OF AIRLINE MARKETS DURING THE TRANSITION TO DEREGULATION. IN: AIR TRANSPORT

This paper investigates whether the theory holds true for city-pair airline markets that contestable markets, even if actually served by only one firm, exhibit many desirable properties of competitive markets. Despite substantial natural monopoly attributes, most airlines are likely to be readily contested. This fact ensures that even if actually operated by only a single firm, their performance should approach the competitive norm. This paper tests this theory using data emerging from the ongoing transition from regulated to unregulated equilibrium. Market structure and fare data from 1978-1980 is examined. Findings show that long haul airline markets served by local service monopolists have been priced competitively, confirming the proposed theory.
Fault tolerance on improved distributed spanning tree structure

To improve the fault tolerance of the distributed spanning tree (DST) structure, we present an improved DST structure through orderly storing the elements in groups. Further, we give a representative selection rule, and based on which the node arrival and departure algorithms are proposed to balance the distribution of representatives in the structure. The maximal difference of the probabilities of any node to be selected as representatives by other nodes in the groups within the same level is not more than 1/a(a−1). Finally, we discuss the fault tolerance on the improved DST structure in a random failures model and an adversarial failures model. The results show that the improved DST structure is high resilient to fault even if the failures are carefully targeted. At most O(f/logN) nodes are lost when f nodes failed, and it is better than skip graph.
A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora Persica) on oral health

Miswak is a traditional chewing stick prepared from the roots, twigs, and stem of Salvadora persica and has been used as a natural method for tooth cleaning in many parts of the world for thousands of years. A number of scientific studies have demonstrated that the miswak (Salvadora persica) possesses antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-cariogenic, and anti-plaque properties. Several studies have also claimed that miswak has anti-oxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The use of a miswak has an immediate effect on the composition of saliva. Several clinical studies have confirmed that the mechanical and chemical cleansing efficacy of miswak chewing sticks are equal and at times greater than that of the toothbrush. The present article provides a review of the various therapeutic effects of Salvadora persica on oral health, which will help to elucidate the significance and importance of this indigenous oral hygiene tool.
A Novel Dual-Band, Dual-Polarized, Miniaturized and Low-Profile Base Station Antenna

In this paper, a novel dual-band, dual-polarized, miniaturized and low-profile base station antenna operating in the frequency bands of 820-960 and 1710-2170 MHz is designed. Elements are arranged such that high-frequency elements are embedded in low frequency elements to reduce volume. A baffle is used to reflect the transmitted power density in the forward direction and also improve isolation between elements. Therefore, surrounding isolation baffles and rectangular baffles are appended around high-frequency elements and low-frequency elements, respectively. The diameter of the proposed antenna cover is only 200 mm, which is smaller than the existing antenna diameter of 280 mm. Compared with the other commonly used antennas, the proposed antenna also has some advantages such as concealment and low profile using a tubular form of radome, which can easily integrate the proposed antenna with the surrounding environment. The measured results verify that the proposed antenna meets the stringent design requirements: voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is less than 1.3, the isolation is greater than 30 dB, and the pattern parameters also meet telecommunications industry standards.
Effect of repeated thoracenteses on fluid characteristics, cytokines, and fibrinolytic activity in malignant pleural effusion.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of repeated thoracenteses on the fluid characteristics and the levels of various cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8, and of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue type plasminogen activator in malignant pleural effusion and its clinical significance. DESIGN A prospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-six patients with symptomatic and a large amount of free-flow malignant pleural effusions were studied. Thoracentesis with drainage of 500 mL of pleural fluid per day was performed for 3 continuous days (days 1 to 3). The effusion samples were collected to evaluate the changes of fluid characteristics, cytokine levels, and fibrinolytic activity. Chest ultrasonography was done on day 6 to observe the presence of fibrin strands. The result of pleurodesis was evaluated in the patients classified into groups based on chest ultrasonographic findings. RESULTS The values of TNF-alpha, PAI-1, IL-8, and neutrophil count in pleural fluid increased significantly during repeated thoracenteses in 26 patients studied. A positive correlation was found between the concentrations of TNF-alpha and PAI-1 and between the values of IL-8 and neutrophils. On day 6, fibrin strands were observed in the pleural effusion on chest ultrasonography in 11 patients (42%, fibrinous group) but were absent in the remaining 15 patients (nonfibrinous group). During repeated thoracenteses, a significant increase of effusion PAI-1 and TNF-alpha was observed in the fibrinous group but not in the nonfibrinous group. In addition, the levels of effusion PAI-1 and TNF-alpha obtained from day 2 and day 3 were significantly higher in the fibrinous group than in the nonfibrinous group. The success rate of pleurodesis was significantly higher in the fibrinous group (11 of 11 patients, 100%) than in the nonfibrinous group (8 of 12 patients, 67%). CONCLUSIONS Repeated thoracenteses may cause pleural inflammation and induce local release of proinflammatory cytokine as TNF-alpha, which may subsequently enhance the release of PAI-1 and lead to fibrin formation in malignant effusion. The presence of fibrin strands after repeated thoracenteses may be of considerable value in predicting the success of subsequent pleurodesis in patients with malignant pleural effusions.
Yea-Saying in Contingent Valuation Surveys

A number of recent papers have provided estimates of willingness to pay derived in contingent valuation surveys exceeding those revealed in experimental or real-life markets. One possible explanation for the overestimation of values is the presence of yea-saying. With the objective of reducing the occurrence of yea-saying, a new elicitation format, referred to as the dissonance-minimizing (D M) format, is proposed. An empirical comparison of the DM format with the conventional dichotomous-choice (DC) format and the ambivalence-reducing polychotomous choice (PC) format suggested by Ready, Whitehead, and Blomquist (1995) is made. Results are encouraging for the DM.
A Task Migration Mechanism for MPI Applications

Recently, the Cluster of Computers (COC) has been used to run large parallel programs increasingly. Task migration is a desirable and useful facility to implement Load-Balance and High-Availibility in COCs. This paper presents a quick migration protocol for MPI tasks, which allows nonmigrating tasks to execute during most of the time of migration. Process table updating and synchronization are key mechanisms of this protocol. Because MPI does not make provisions for tasks migration, this paper also describes the work required to modify an MPI implementation to allow task migration. At last we introduce our task migration system which is completed grounded on
Fractional Rate of Convergence for Viscous Approximation to Nonconvex Conservation Laws

This paper considers the viscous approximations to conservation laws with nonconvex flux function. It is shown that if the entropy solutions are piecewise smooth, then the rate of L1 -convergence is a fractional number in (0.5, 1]. This is in contrast to the corresponding result for the convex conservation laws. Numerical experiments indicate that the theoretical prediction for the convergence rate is optimal.
Left-right asymmetries in polarized e-mu scattering

We consider, in the electroweak standard model context, several left-right asymmetries in me elastic scattering at fixed target and collider experiments. For the former case, we show that the muon mass effects are important in a wide energy range. We also show that these asymmetries are sensitive to the electroweak mixing angle u W . The effect of an extra Z8 neutral vector boson appearing in a 3-3-1 model is also considered. The capabilities of these asymmetries in the search of this extra Z8 are addressed. @S0556-2821~98! 10321-1# Several years ago Derman and Marciano @1# considered briefly the left-right asymmetry in m 2 e 2 ! m 2 e 2 , here denoted by A RL (me), with unpolarized muon scattering on a polarized electron target. According to them this asymmetry can be measured and the only difference between the high energy m 2 e 2 scattering and the high energy e 2 e 2 scattering is that in the former we must omit the crossed amplitudes. With the attention received by muon colliders nowadays this issue has become important @2#. In addition, it has been shown that the mass effect of the muon cannot be neglected in muon-muon scattering @3#. Here we will show that at the Born approximation and in the context of the electroweak standard model there are appreciable effects coming from the mass of the muon. Some advantages to measuring A RL (me) were commented on in Ref. @1#. The first is that muon beams generally have energies at least one order of magnitude greater than the electron beams. Thus experimentally, since the left-right asymmetry in ee and in me are proportional to s, a larger value for the asymmetry in the later case can be obtained. Secondly, in m 2 e 2 scattering the background contribution from m 2 N scattering is less severe because one could trigger on a single scattered electron which could not have arisen from a m 2 N collision. The problem arisen by Derman and Marciano was that the experiment requires strictly zero muon polarization, otherwise the purely QED spin-spin effect would totally mask ARL(me). However we will show below that this happens only for low values of y [sin 2 (u/2). This problem does not exist in a muon-electron fixed target experiment using the high-energy muon beam M2 of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron ~SPS! as in the NA47 experiment @4#. In this case left- and right-handed polarized muons can be scattered off unpolarized electrons ~see below!
The Effects of Multiple Health and Nutrition Labels on Consumer Food Choices

Consumers face an increasing availability of information on health and nutritional aspects of foods, especially on food package labels. Previous research has identified that this information is positively valued, but the effect of presenting several items of information simultaneously is not well understood. We conduct a choice experiment to identify the effects of multiple health and nutrition information labels for two products representing a healthy and less healthy food choice. Although our consumers attach positive utility to most of the individual labels evaluated here, the simultaneous presence of more than one label only has positive impact on utility in one of nine possible cases. Therefore, promotion of multiple labels should not be considered beneficial a priori either from a regulatory or business perspective. In addition, results show that consumers show a higher willingness to pay for nutrition and health labels for less healthy products.
Movie : Aligning Video scenes with Book chapters Supplementary material

In addition to the paper, this supplementary material provides more insights into the novel-to-film alignment and the results. We specially focus on three aspects of the paper. Firstly, Sec. 2 presents a detailed qualitative analysis of the alignment methods, and also visualizes the ground truth and predicted alignment for our second data source HP (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone). We further motivate the problem in Sec. 3 and present a list of interesting articles and visualizations that analyze the relation between novels and their film adaptations. Finally, Sec. 4 presents many more examples of describing video shots using passages from the source novel.
A columnar primary visual cortex (V1) model emulation using a PS3 Cell-BE array

A model of portions of the cerebral cortex is being developed to explore neuromorphic computing strategies in the context of highly parallel platforms. The interest is driven by the value of applications which can make use of highly parallel architectures we expect to see surpassing one thousand cores per die in the next few years. A central question we seek to answer is what the architecture of hyper-parallel machines should be. We also seek to understand computational methods akin to how a brain deals with sensing, perception, memory, and cognition. The model is being developed incrementally, starting with the primary visual cortex (V1) field. It is based upon structures roughly corresponding to neocortical minicolumn and functional column structures. Gaps in neuroscience, such as inter-cell connectivity, are filled using estimates of functionality that are plausible given current understanding of the micro-anatomy. The success we encountered with achieving real-time performance is evidence validating the use of Cell-Be architecture in some classes of neuromorphic emulation. In this study we identified a particular gap-fill algorithm for lateral connections within V1 that is suggestive of a learning strategy whereby the lateral network subsumes expectation affect, reducing perception time and improving perception affect.
The Distribution of column densities and b values in the Lyman-alpha forest

We describe the properties of the Ly$\alpha$ forest in the column density range $\nhi \geq 2\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ based on 1056 lines in the wavelength range 4300--5100\AA measured in extremely high S/N, $R=36,000$ spectra of four quasars. The column density distribution is well described by a -1.5 power law to $2\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$, below which limit confusion becomes too severe to measure a spectrum of individual clouds. The distribution of $b$ values shows a well-defined lower envelope with a cutoff at $b=20\kms$ corresponding to a cloud temperature of 24,000 K. There is only a very small fraction (less than 1%) of narrow line clouds which cannot be identified with metal-lines. From modeling the Ly$\alpha$ absorption lines as complexes of clouds each with thermal broadening corresponding to $b_c$ we find the $b$ distribution can be understood if there is a mean of 3.25 clouds per absorption line with a spread in velocity centroids characterized by a dispersion of $10.75\kms$.
Effects of Extract from Cole Pollen on Lipid Metabolism in Experimental Hyperlipidemic Rats

In order to evaluate the effects of extract by SCE (supercritical carbon dioxide extraction) from cole pollen on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats, the experimental hyperlipidemic rats were established by providing with high fat diets, and randomized into six groups. After four weeks of perfusion diets into stomach, the rats were executed, and lipid levels of serum and hepatic tissue were detected. The serum levels of TC and TG were significantly lower in the pollen extract groups and MC group than in HFC group. Hepatic TC levels were decreased in rats fed pollen extract and lovastatin compared with HFC group. A higher concentration of HDL-C and apoAI in hepatic tissue was measured after intake of the pollen extract compared to the HFC group (P < 0.05). LCAT activity in serum of pollen extract groups was significantly higher than that in HFC group, and also HMG-CoA reductase showed decreasing tendency in pollen extract groups. The contents of DHA in pollen extract groups were found higher than those in HFC group. Cole pollen extract enriched in alpha-linolenic acid is likely to be a novel source of ALA which is probably responsible for favorable lipid changes through promoting transportation, excretion, and metabolism of cholesterol in hepatic tissue and serum.
TCP Flow Control in Lossy Networks: Analysis and Enhancement

TCP uses an implicit feedback based window (cid:13)ow control mechanism. The window size is increased on receipt of an acknowledgement and decreased on detection of a packet loss. Thus a packet loss is used as an indication of congestion in the network. In the course of experiments conducted over the Internet, we have observed that packet losses can occur due to reasons other than congestion. In this paper, we use analysis and simulation to show that the current (cid:13)ow control scheme results in a signi(cid:12)cant drop in the throughput even if the likelihood of non congestion related loss is quite low. Based on our analysis we suggest a modi(cid:12)cation to the current scheme. Experimental results show that the modi(cid:12)ed scheme improves throughput signi(cid:12)cantly.
The Formation of Very Narrow Waist Bipolar Planetary Nebulae

We discuss the interaction of the slow wind blown by an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star with a collimated fast wind (CFW) blown by its main-sequence or white dwarf companion, at orbital separations in the range of several AU ≲ a ≲ 200 AU. The CFW results from accretion of the AGB wind into an accretion disk around the companion. The fast wind is collimated by the accretion disk. We argue that such systems are the progenitors of bipolar planetary nebulae and bipolar symbiotic nebulae with a very narrow equatorial waist between the two polar lobes. The CFW wind will form two lobes along the symmetry axis and will further compress the slow wind near the equatorial plane, leading to the formation of a dense slowly expanding ring. Therefore, contrary to the common claim that a dense equatorial ring collimates the bipolar flow, we argue that in the progenitors of very narrow waist bipolar planetary nebulae, the CFW, through its interaction with the slow wind, forms the dense equatorial ring. Only later in the evolution, and after the CFW and slow wind cease, does the mass-losing star leave the AGB and blow a second, more spherical, fast wind. At this stage the flow structure becomes the one that is commonly assumed for bipolar planetary nebulae, i.e., collimation of the fast wind by the dense equatorial material. However, this results in the broadening of the waist in the equatorial plane and cannot by itself account for the presence of very narrow waists or jets. We conduct a population synthesis study of the formation of planetary nebulae in wide binary systems which quantitatively supports the proposed model. The population synthesis code follows the evolution of both stars and their arbitrarily eccentric orbit, including mass loss via stellar winds, for 5 × 104 primordial binaries. We show the number of expected systems that blow a CFW is in accord with the number found from observations, to within the many uncertainties involved. Overall, we find that ~5% of all planetary nebulae are bipolars with very narrow waists. Our population synthesis not only supports the CFW model but more generally supports the binary model for the formation of bipolar planetary nebulae.