Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of the Sin3-Binding Site in Ume6 Defines a Two-Step Process for Conversion of Ume6 from a Transcriptional Repressor to an Activator in Yeast

ABSTRACT The DNA-binding protein Ume6 is required for both repression and activation of meiosis-specific genes, through interaction with the Sin3 corepressor and Rpd3 histone deacetylase and the meiotic activator Ime1. Here we show that fusion of a heterologous activation domain to Ume6 is unable to convert it into a constitutive activator of early meiotic gene transcription, indicating that an additional function is needed to overcome repression at these promoters. Mutations in UME6 allowing the fusion to activate lie in a predicted amphipathic alpha helix and specifically disrupt interaction with Sin3 but not with Teal, an activator of Ty transcription also found to interact with Ume6 in a two-hybrid screen. The mutations cause a loss of repression by Ume6 and precisely identify the Ume6 Sin3-binding domain, which we show interacts with the paired amphipathic helix 2 region of Sin3. Analysis of these mutants indicates that conversion of Ume6 to an activator involves two genetically distinct steps that act to relieve Sin3-mediated repression and provide an activation domain to Ume6. The mutants further demonstrate that premature expression and lack of subsequent rerepression of Ume6-Sin3-regulated genes are not deleterious to meiotic progression and suggest that the essential role of Sin3 in meiosis is independent of Ume6. The model for Ume6 function arising from these studies indicates that Ume6 is similar in many respects to metazoan regulators that utilize Sin3, such as the Myc-Mad-Max system and nuclear hormone receptors, and provides new insights into the control of transcriptional repression and activation by the Ume6-URS1 regulatory complex in yeast.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Their Relationship to Organizational Effectiveness

Organ’s organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) model implies that aggregate citizenship behaviors improve organizational effectiveness. This study investigated relationships between OCBs and organizational effectiveness indicators in limited-menu restaurants. Citizenship behaviors were associated with lower food cost percentages, increased revenue to full-time equivalent, perceived company quality, operating efficiency, customer satisfaction, and fewer customer complaints. Developing a work environment that promotes OCB performance may enhance a manager’s personal productivity and success as well as the organization’s effectiveness.
A Study of Productive Expenditure Bias in County-level Finance in China

中国县级决策者主要对上级负责 , 追求尽可能高的经济增长率 , 而非居民福利最 大化 , 导致其财政决策偏向生产性支出。 基于2067个县(市)2001—2005年财政经济 数据的实证检验,为县级财政生产性支出偏向的存在提供了有力的证据。 生产性支出 偏向严重地妨碍公共财政体制的建设和向公共服务型政府的转型。 解决这一问题的根 本出路在于逐步增强县级政府满足本地居民需求的激励。 关键词: 财政支出结构 财政支出偏向 县级政府 Being responsible mainly to their superiors, decision-makers at the county level in China pursue the maximum growth rate rather than their residents’ welfare. This leads to a preference for productive expenditure in their fiscal decisions. An empirical test based on 2,067 counties (cities) provides robust evidence for the existence of productive expenditure bias at the county level. Such bias causes a serious impediment to the construction of a system of public finance and the transformation to public service-oriented government in China. An appropriate solution to this problem is to gradually enhance incentives for county- level governments to satisfy the demands of local residents.
Predicting which patient will fall again ... and again.

In order to compare the characteristics, preventive interventions and outcomes of single and multiple fallers, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a 680-bed acute-care hospital in Western Australia. Fifty patients falling more than once (multiple fallers) were randomly selected from all patients reported to have fallen between 1 July 1989 and 31 December 1989, and age-sex matched with 50 patients falling once in the trial period (single fallers). In total, 382 in-patients were reported to have sustained 578 falls in the 6-month trial period. Fifty-two per cent of these falls involved multiple fallers. An analysis of the 100 single and multiple fallers showed that single fallers were more likely to have fallen from their bed; be discharged home from hospital; and be clinically deteriorating at the time of the fall. Multiple fallers were more likely to be transferred to a long-term nursing facility after discharge from hospital; suffer blindness/poor vision; be sedated post fall; be ordered to be restrained following a fall; and be hospitalized for longer periods. There was also a tendency for multiple fallers to repeat the type and location of the fall on successive falls. Stepwise logistic regression showed that falling from the bed on the first fall predicted remaining a single faller. Being ordered to be restrained following the first fall and hospitalized for longer periods predicted the patient would fall repeatedly. Further analytical research incorporating an expanded number of independent variables is needed to allow confident assertions of causality. To test the effectiveness of preventive measures, a prospective longitudinal study is required.
Mixtures of Cu, Ni, and Zn act mostly noninteractively on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata growth in natural waters

Freshwater biota are usually exposed to mixtures of different metals in the environment, which raises concern because risk‐assessment procedures for metals are still mainly based on single‐metal toxicity. Because microalgae are primary producers and therefore at the base of the food web, it is of utmost importance to understand the effects of metal mixtures on these organisms. Most studies that have investigated the combined interactive effects of mixtures on microalgae performed tests in only one specific water. The objective of the present study was to test if combined effects of mixtures to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were the same or different across natural waters showing diverse water‐chemistry characteristics. This was done by performing experiments with ternary Cu–Ni–Zn mixtures in 3 natural waters and with binary Cu–Ni mixtures in 5 natural waters. We showed that the ternary mixture acted noninteractively on algal growth, except in one water in which the mixture acted antagonistically. We suggest that a low–cationic competition situation in the latter water could be the reason for the antagonistic interaction between the metals. On the other hand, the binary mixture acted noninteractively on algal growth in all tested waters. We showed that both the concentration addition and independent action models can serve as accurate models for toxicity of ternary Cu–Ni–Zn and binary Cu–Ni mixtures to P. subcapitata in most cases and as protective models in all cases. In addition, we developed a metal mixture bioavailability model, by combining the independent action model and the single‐metal bioavailability models, that can be used to predict Cu–Ni–Zn and Cu–Ni toxicity to P. subcapitata as a function of metal concentration and water characteristics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:587–598. © 2017 SETAC
The Opensesame NIST 2016 Speaker Recognition Evaluation System

Last two decades have witnessed a significant progress in speaker recognition, as evidenced by the improving performance in the speaker recognition evaluations (SRE) hosted by NIST. Despite the progress, only a few research is focused on speaker recognition with short duration and language mismatch condition, which often leads to poor recognition performance. In NIST SRE2016, these concerns were first systematically investigated by the speaker recognition community. In this study, we address these challenges from the viewpoint of feature extraction and modeling. In particular, we improve the robustness of features by combining GMM and DNN based iVector extraction approaches, and improve the reliability of the back-end model by exploiting symmetric SVM that can effectively leverage the unlabeled data. Finally, we introduce distance metric learning to improve the generalization capacity of the development data that is usually in limited size. Then a fusion strategy is adopted to collectively boost the performance. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme for speaker recognition is demonstrated on SRE2016 evaluation data: compared with DNN-iVector PLDA baseline system, our method yields 25.6% relative improvement in terms of min_Cprimary.
Evolution of a domain conserved in microtubule-associated proteins of eukaryotes

The microtubule network, the major organelle of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton, is involved in cell division and differentiation but also with many other cellular functions. In plants, microtubules seem to be involved in the ordered deposition of cellulose microfibrils by a so far unknown mechanism. Microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) typically contain various domains targeting or binding proteins with different functions to microtubules. Here we have investigated a proposed microtubule-targeting domain, TPX2, first identified in the Kinesin-like protein 2 in Xenopus. A TPX2 containing microtubule binding protein, PttMAP20, has been recently identified in poplar tissues undergoing xylogenesis. Furthermore, the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB), which is a known inhibitor of cellulose synthesis, was shown to bind specifically to PttMAP20. It is thus possible that PttMAP20 may have a role in coupling cellulose biosynthesis and the microtubular networks in poplar secondary cell walls. In order to get more insight into the occurrence, evolution and potential functions of TPX2-containing proteins we have carried out bioinformatic analysis for all genes so far found to encode TPX2 domains with special reference to poplar PttMAP20 and its putative orthologs in other plants.
From fush to feesh: Exemplar priming in speech perception

Abstract Niedzielski (1999) reports on an experiment which demonstrates that individuals in Detroit ‘hear’ more Canadian Raising in the speech of a speaker when they think that speaker is Canadian. We describe an experiment designed to follow up on this result in a New Zealand context. Participants listened to a New Zealand English (NZE) speaker reading a list of sentences. Each sentence appeared on the answer-sheet, with a target word underlined. For each sentence, participants were asked to select from a synthesized vowel continuum the token that best matched the target vowel produced by the speaker. Half the participants had an answer-sheet with the word ‘Australian’ written on it, and half had an answer-sheet with ‘New Zealander’ written on it. Participants in the two conditions behaved significantly differently from one another. For example, they were more likely to hear a higher fronter /i/ vowel when ‘Australian’ appeared on the answer sheet, and more likely to hear a centralized version when ‘New Zealander’ appeared – a trend which reflects production differences between the two dialects. This is despite the fact that nearly all participants reported that they knew they were listening to a New Zealander. We discuss the implication of these results, and argue that they support exemplar models of speech perception.
Back to the Future: Lessons from Free Market Experience

Describes the labour economics of the hotel and catering industry, which produce two characteristics: individual contracts and low unionization. Draws parallels between the free market behaviour of this traditional industry and the general direction of change in the industry as a whole. Suggests that greater insecurity, a heightened sense of immediacy in tasks, and more unsocial hours may lead to a propensity for mobility and a lack of organizational commitment – behaviour which is familiar in the hotel and catering industry.
Long-Run Specialization

Constructing a dynamic Heckscher-Ohlin model, we examine long-run specialization patterns in the presence of international technological differences. Even a slight difference in technology causes at least one country to specialize. Either the case of perfect specialization in both countries or the case of perfect specialization in one country and imperfect specialization in the other occurs, depending on the subjective discount rate, relative preference for two commodities, labor endowments, and technological conditions. A necessary and sufficient condition for each case to hold is provided. Structural differences between the Ricardian model and ours are also emphasized. Copyright © 2006 The Authors; Journal compilation © Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2006.
Tobacco smoking: How far do the legislative control measures address the problem?

India ratified the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in February 2004 and enacted legislation called, “Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply and Distribution) Act 2003” which specifically called for an end to direct and indirect form of tobacco advertisements. Under its Section 7, the Act also stipulates depiction of pictorial health warnings on all tobacco products. Since the enactment of the legislation, the tobacco companies are prohibited from any kind of advertisement. However, studies show that the instances of showing smoking in movies have increased significantly to 89% after the implementation of the Act. The brand placement has been also increased nearly three folds. Association of tobacco with glamour and style has also been established. Seventy-five percent of movies have showed the lead character smoking tobacco. The instances of females consuming tobacco in movies have also increased, pointing toward a specific market expansion strategy by tobacco companies using movies as a vehicle. General public does not feel that banning tobacco scenes in the movie will affect their decision to watch movies or the quality of movies. It was found that favorable images through mass media created a considerable influence on youngsters and increased their receptivity to tobacco smoking. Pictorial warning on tobacco products is yet to start. Tobacco industry's opposition to tobacco health warnings is understandable as it will adversely affect their business. However, policymakers should not evade their responsibility to mandate strong health warnings on all tobacco product packs. Legal action against offenders, investigation of the relationship and financial irregularities between film-makers and tobacco industry, and recall of the movies showing tobacco brand are the important measures recommended.
Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty? Comment on the Article by Gärtner et al

relationship between IgG concentration at baseline and clinical response in RA patients receiving rituximab, with conflicting results. As mentioned by Dr. Besada, Couderc et al found that, as compared with normal baseline levels of total Ig (6–12 gm/ml), high levels ( 12 gm/liter) were significantly associated with poorer response to treatment at 6 months. The authors hypothesized that high baseline Ig levels may reflect persistent B cell activity in synovial and lymphoid tissue, which contributed to a poorer response to rituximab (8). Conversely, Sellam et al, in a large cohort of RA patients, observed that serum IgG levels above the normal level ( 12.6 gm/liter) before treatment were associated with better response at 6 months as compared with normal levels of IgG (9). We did not observe any statistically significant difference in clinical response related to baseline IgG level in our patients. Regarding the relationship between IgG, CD4 cells, and infection, Besada and colleagues have shown that both decreased IgG levels after the first course of rituximab and low levels of CD4 cells at the most recent visit were independently associated with risk of severe infection in patients with GPA who received rituximab (10). We are currently updating our data to investigate the relationship between baseline IgG level/CD4 cell count and occurrence of infections in our RA patients. Finally, Dr. Besada mentions that we have shown that early re-treatment (between 6 and 12 months) led to greater CD4 cell depletion. This is a misinterpretation of our results, which showed a trend toward greater CD4 T cell depletion relative to baseline in patients who subsequently received a second course of rituximab after 12 months as compared with those who received a second course between 6 and 12 months (see Figure 4 of our article), suggesting that the CD4 cell depletion might be inversely related to disease relapse. However, we do agree with Dr. Besada’s proposal that decisions regarding the amount of time from initial treatment to retreatment should theoretically take into account CD4 cell count: re-treatment should not be administered too early to avoid the risk of opportunistic infections, but also not too late to prevent disease relapse.
A historical irony in the making? State, private sector and land reform in the South African wine industry

This article traces the development of the land distribution policy of the Department of Land Affairs (DLA) of South Africa. Despite the DLA 's political commitment to land reform by way of restitution, redistribution and tenure reform, to date no small-scale wine farmers have been settled in South Africa by virtue of this policy. Three case studies describe how agricultural labourers have successfully gained access to this lucrative sector through private sector intervention. It is also argued that the small farm versus large farm debate masks the real opportunities for land reform in the wine industry.
OPTIMAL KEYWORD SEARCH FOR RECOMMENDER SYSTEM IN BIG DATA APPLICATION

Currently, online searching process increases and people searches new information in the search process. Most of the search engine gives additional supporting information. Recommender system involves in this process and implements as service. Service recommender system gives additional information to the user but if information grows then these process become a critical one. The proposed work analyses issues occurring when service recommender system implements in large data sets. This work proposes a keyword-Aware services Recommender method, to split the services to the users and mainly focused keywords from the user preferences. Hybrid Filter algorithm generates keyword recommenders from the previous user preferences. To implement effective results in big data environment, this method is implemented using the concept of Map Reduce parallel processing on Hadoop. Experimental results are shown the effective results on real-world datasets and reduce the processing time from large datasets.
Aftershocks Caused by Pore Fluid Flow?

Large shallow earthquakes can induce changes in the fluid pore pressure that are comparable to stress drops on faults. The subsequent redistribution of pore pressure as a result of fluid flow slowly decreases the strength of rock and may result in delayed fracture. The agreement between computed rates of decay and observed rates of aftershock activity suggests that this is an attractive mechanism for aftershockss.
Stock Futures Introduction & Its Impact on Indian Spot Market

Futures have been recently introduced to cater the needs of investors and fill up the existing gaps in stock market. Studies show that, in the long-run, futures introduction does not have any effect on the spot market; however, in the short-run volatility in the spot market increases; Paudyal et al. (2005). Harris (1989) finds that increased volatility in the spot market is not solely due to the futures introduction. Alexakis (2007) substantiates the stability of indices after futures introduction. This study is set about to understand the impact of stock futures introduction on the Indian spot market. This study makes an initial attempt to capture the same by considering a small sample of 20 scrips, segregated as small and large caps, listed on NSE for the period August 2005 to May 2008. Using Hoadley Options, volatility modeled by GARCH (1, 1) is estimated. Considering both volume and volatility, mixed evidences are witnessed. Futures introduction has some stabilizing effect on large caps. For small caps, increase in volatility is accompanied by increase in volume, thereby, improving the liquidity of the scrips.
Very early diagnosis and risk stratification of patients admitted with suspected acute myocardial infarction by the combined evaluation of a single serum value of cardiac troponin-T, myoglobin, and creatine kinase MB(mass)

AIMS The diagnostic and prognostic capacity of biochemical markers of acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department were evaluated in consecutive patients (n=155) with suspected acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum myoglobin >/=110 microg. l(-1)and creatine kinase MB(mass)>/=5 microg. l(-1)had a high accuracy (0.77-0.85) (ns) for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis in patients presenting >2 h after symptom onset. Troponin-T (>/=0.10 microg. l(-1)) had a lower accuracy (0.53-0.70) for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis, but was the most important 1-year prognostic marker (cardiac death or non-fatal acute myocardial infarction). In patients without ST elevation, combined analysis of two biochemical tests would accurately identify an additional 20% of acute myocardial infarction patients (predictive value of a positive test=0.82) and also identify those without acute myocardial infarction (predictive value of a negative test=0.80). One-year event-free survival was excellent (96%) for patients with two negative biochemical tests, intermediate (74%) for those with discordant tests, and only 53% for patients with two positive biochemical tests. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of biochemical tests in the emergency department prior to hospital admission could accurately identify approximately 20% additional acute myocardial infarction patients. The prognosis of these patients is poor, and they may be a target for primary PTCA or new early initiated aggressive medical therapies.
Job Satisfaction, Wage Changes, and Quits: Evidence from Germany

This paper uses data from ten waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine the effect of wages and job satisfaction on workers' future quit behaviour. Our results show that workers who report dissatisfaction with their jobs are statistically more likely to quit than those with higher levels of satisfaction. The cross-sectional distribution of job satisfaction responses thus contains information which enables us to predict workers' future behaviour. This result is remarkably robust to specification changes, and to estimation methods that account explicitly for unobserved heterogeneity. We find some evidence for males that wage changes are a better predictor of quits than wage levels, consistent with comparison effects stressed in the psychology literature.