Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating the pattern of synchrony in fluctuating populations

Summary 1 A central question in population ecology is how to estimate the effects of common environmental noise, e.g. due to large-scale climate patterns, on the synchrony in population fluctuations over large distances. We show how the environmental variance can be split into components generated by several environmental variables and how these can be estimated from time-series observations. 2 With a set of time-series observations from different locations not necessarily covering the same time span, it is shown how the spatial autocorrelation of the residual variance component, not explained by the covariates and corrected for demographic stochasticity, can be estimated using classical multinormal theory. 3 Some previous results on spatial scaling in continuous linearized models on log scale are extended to also provide the scaling for the residuals. This is shown to be close to the spatial scaling of the autocorrelation in the environmental noise and only weakly affected by migration. 4 The logistic model of local population dynamics with the NAO index as the only covariate is fitted to 22 populations of the Continental great cormorant Phalacrorax carbo sinensis. The spatial scale of the environmental noise is estimated to be about 155 km. The NAO index alone accounts for about 10% of the total environmental variance and nearly all of the regional environmental variance (long-distance environmental autocorrelation).
Application of combined adaptive Fourier filtering technique and fault detector to fast distance protection

This paper presents the application of a combined adaptive Fourier filtering technique and fault detector to fast distance protection of transmission lines. The filtering technique is extended from the Fourier filters and can be applied under arbitrary data window length. The proposed filtering technique possesses the advantage of recursive computing, and a decaying dc offset component is removed from fault signals by using an adaptive compensation method. A variable data window scheme is embedded in the technique to adaptively speed up its transient response under various system and fault conditions. A fault detector is developed to initiate the process of the technique. For the sake of speed and security, two phasor estimation methods based on the proposed technique are designed to achieve fast distance protection. An algorithm consisting of the two methods is used to detect internal faults by "OR" logic. Extensive simulation studies show that the algorithm significantly reduces tripping time of a distance relay and provides better protection performance than that of the conventional filters with fixed data windows.
, Isparta SUMMARY Objective : To estimate the incidence , indications , risk factors , and complications of peripartum hysterectomy in a university clinic and a state hospital in the Lakes region of Anatolia

Objective: To estimate the incidence, indications, risk factors, and complications of peripartum hysterectomy in a university clinic and a state hospital in the Lakes region of Anatolia. Design: Retrospective clinical study. Setting: This retrospective study was conducted between December 1996 and December 2005 at the Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Isparta Women’s and Children’s Hospital. Patients: Twenty-eight patients who underwent emergency peripartum hysterectomy. Main Outcome Measures: Twenty-eight patients with emergency peripartum hysterectomy were evaluated with respect to the demographic characteristics, clinical manifestation, state of parity and type of hysterectomy. Results: In the study period, the incidence of emergency peripartum hysterectomy was 0.8 per 1000 deliveries. The main indications for emergency hysterectomy were uterine atony in 18 cases (64 %), rupture of uterus in 6 cases (21 %) and placenta accreta in 4 cases (14 %). There were 20 (71 %) multiparaous and 8 (28 %) primiparaous women. There were 4 total abdominal hysterectomies and 24 subtotal hysterectomies.The rate of maternal mortality was 4% (1 cases). Conclusion: Our incidence of emergent peripartum hysterectomy was low when compared with most of the studies and uterine atony was the most common indication for emergent peripartum hysterectomy.
Elevated serum synuclein-gamma in patients with gastrointestinal and esophageal carcinomas.

BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to evaluate whether elevated serum synuclein-gamma levels were of clinical significance as a serological marker in cancer diagnosis and monitoring. METHODOLOGY Pre-treatment serum synuclein-gamma levels of patients with gastrointestinal and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, benign disease and healthy controls were analyzed by a specific sandwich ELISA for synuclein-gamma. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in serum synuclein-gamma levels between patients with colo rectal cancer, gastric adenocarcinomas, esophageal cancer and healthy individuals were observed (p<0.001). When a cut-off value for synuclein-gamma was determined at ≥4 ng/mL by receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity and specificity were 16.4% and 97.7% in colorectal cancer, 23.0% and 99.3% in gastric adenocarcinomas, and 19.5% and 98.7% in esophageal cancer, respectively. Compared with carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, synuclein-gamma was more sensitive in early detection of colorectal cancer (17.3% vs. 9.6% and 7.5%), gastric adenocarcinomas (20.6% vs. 0% and 3.2%) and esophageal cancer (22.2% vs. 3.4% and 0%), respectively. A combined analysis of the above markers yielded incremental positive rates compared with anyone alone. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that serum synuclein-gamma provided a promising diagnostic biomarker for early detection and was a complementary biomarker of carcinoembryonic antigen and/or CA19-9 in gastrointestinal and esophageal cancer.
The Mechanism of Mus81-Mms4 Cleavage Site Selection Distinguishes It from the Homologous Endonuclease Rad1-Rad10

ABSTRACT Mus81-Mms4 and Rad1-Rad10 are homologous structure-specific endonucleases that cleave 3′ branches from distinct substrates and are required for replication fork stability and nucleotide excision repair, respectively, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We explored the basis of this biochemical and genetic specificity. The Mus81-Mms4 cleavage site, a nick 5 nucleotides (nt) 5′ of the flap, is determined not by the branch point, like Rad1-Rad10, but by the 5′ end of the DNA strand at the flap junction. As a result, the endonucleases show inverse substrate specificity; substrates lacking a 5′ end within 4 nt of the flap are cleaved poorly by Mus81-Mms4 but are cleaved well by Rad1-10. Genetically, we show that both mus81 and sgs1 mutants are sensitive to camptothecin-induced DNA damage. Further, mus81 sgs1 synthetic lethality requires homologous recombination, as does suppression of mutant phenotypes by RusA expression. These data are most easily explained by a model in which the in vivo substrate of Mus81-Mms4 and Sgs1-Top3 is a 3′ flap recombination intermediate downstream of replication fork collapse.
Clustering Events on Streams Using Complex Context Information

Monitoring applications play an increasingly important role in many domains. They detect events in monitored systems and take actions such as invoke a program or notify an administrator. Often administrators must then manually investigate events to figure out the source of a problem. Stream processing engines (SPEs) are general purpose data management systems for monitoring applications. They provide low-latency stream processing but have limited or no support for manual event investigation. In this paper, we propose a new technique for an SPE to support event investigation by automatically classifying events on streams. Unlike previous stream clustering algorithms, our approach takes into account complex user-defined contexts for events. Our approach comprises three key components: an event context data model, a distance measure for event contexts, and an online clustering algorithm for event contexts. We evaluate our approach using synthetic data and show that complex context information can improve online event classification.
Look-Ahead Processors

Methods of achieving look-ahead in processing units are discussed. An optimality criterion is proposed, and several schemes are compared against the optimum under varying assumptions. These schemes include existing and proposed machine organizations, and theoretical treatments not mentioned before in this context. The problems of eliminating associative searches in the processor control and the handling of loop-forming decisions are also considered. The inherent limitations of such processors are discussed. Finally, a number of enhancements to look-ahead processors is qualitatively surveyed.
Performance limits of Reed-Solomon coded CDMA with orthogonal signaling in a Rayleigh-fading channel

The asymptotic performance of Reed-Solomon (RS)-coded M-ary orthogonal signaling with ratio-threshold test (RTT) type demodulation in a Rayleigh-fading channel is considered. We show that the minimum E~/sub b//N/sub 0/ needed for error-free communication is eln2 (2.75 dB) with RTT, and 4.79 (6.8 dB) with hard decisions. The optimum code rate that minimizes the required E~/sub b//N/sub 0/ is e/sup -1/ with RTT and 0.46 with hard decision, and the optimum ratio threshold approaches 1 for large M. Next, we investigate the fundamental limit in a direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) system employing an M-ary orthogonal code of length N=Mm, which is obtained by spreading every row of an M/spl times/M Hadamard matrix with a user-specific random sequence of length N. We derive the minimum E~/sub b//N/sub 0/ for error-free communication as a function of the number of users, the optimum code rate that minimizes E~/sub B//N/sub 0/, and the maximum limit on the total information transmission rate. Then, we consider a multirate DS/SSMA system, where a population of users simultaneously transmit at different power levels a variety of traffic types of different information rates. We derive the minimum required E~/sub B//n/sub 0/ and the optimum code rate for each traffic type.
The destructive forces of human resources – turning people management and development initiatives into positive impactors

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide consideration for debate with respect to the role of specialists in HR and people support and development roles, their current dilemma and potential solutions.Design/methodology/approach – Based upon experience from working at senior levels within FTSE 100 companies over the past 20 years, wider experience gained from benchmark groups and association and institute roles. The paper is a reflection on the HR journey in the past ten years, its struggle to justify and its need to contribute.Findings – The intent behind a number of people related initiatives have had variable impact on organization performance, employee engagement and capability levels. The direct contribution of specialists has not always been helped through organization design. The need for depth of knowledge, genuine business application, managed communication frameworks and collaboration across related functions is paramount to taking a grip of HR contribution and maximizing the potential.
JTCP: congestion distinction by the jitter-based scheme over wireless networks

TCP is a widely used transport protocol constructed from the wired links that performs well over the traditional network. Since the wireless network is growing rapidly particularly in the wired/wireless mixed inter-network, a heterogeneous environment is expected to be deployed in the next generation all-IP wireless networks. The TCP that detects the losses as congestion events could not suit the heterogeneous network in which the losses are introduced by the higher bit error rates or handoffs. There exist some unsolved challenges for applying TCP over the wireless links. End-to-end congestion control and fairness issues are two significant factors. To satisfy these two criteria, we propose a jitter-based scheme to adapt the sending rates by the packet losses and jitter ratios. The experiment results have shown that our jitter-based TCP (JTCP) has a good performance over the heterogeneous network.
Heterodimers as the Structural Unit of the T=1 Capsid of the Fungal Double-Stranded RNA Rosellinia necatrix Quadrivirus 1

ABSTRACT Most double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses are transcribed and replicated in a specialized icosahedral capsid with a T=1 lattice consisting of 60 asymmetric capsid protein (CP) dimers. These capsids help to organize the viral genome and replicative complex(es). They also act as molecular sieves that isolate the virus genome from host defense mechanisms and allow the passage of nucleotides and viral transcripts. Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1), the type species of the family Quadriviridae, is a dsRNA fungal virus with a multipartite genome consisting of four monocistronic segments (segments 1 to 4). dsRNA-2 and dsRNA-4 encode two CPs (P2 and P4, respectively), which coassemble into ∼450-Å-diameter capsids. We used three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy combined with complementary biophysical techniques to determine the structures of RnQV1 virion strains W1075 and W1118. RnQV1 has a quadripartite genome, and the capsid is based on a single-shelled T=1 lattice built of P2-P4 dimers. Whereas the RnQV1-W1118 capsid is built of full-length CP, P2 and P4 of RnQV1-W1075 are cleaved into several polypeptides, maintaining the capsid structural organization. RnQV1 heterodimers have a quaternary organization similar to that of homodimers of reoviruses and other dsRNA mycoviruses. The RnQV1 capsid is the first T=1 capsid with a heterodimer as an asymmetric unit reported to date and follows the architectural principle for dsRNA viruses that a 120-subunit capsid is a conserved assembly that supports dsRNA replication and organization. IMPORTANCE Given their importance to health, members of the family Reoviridae are the basis of most structural and functional studies and provide much of our knowledge of dsRNA viruses. Analysis of bacterial, protozoal, and fungal dsRNA viruses has improved our understanding of their structure, function, and evolution, as well. Here, we studied a dsRNA virus that infects the fungus Rosellinia necatrix, an ascomycete that is pathogenic to a wide range of plants. Using three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation analysis, we determined the structure and stoichiometry of Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1). The RnQV1 capsid is a T=1 capsid with 60 heterodimers as the asymmetric units. The large amount of genetic information used by RnQV1 to construct a simple T=1 capsid is probably related to the numerous virus-host and virus-virus interactions that it must face in its life cycle, which lacks an extracellular phase.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Premarital Prevention Programs: A Meta‐Analytic Review of Outcome Research

We present a comprehensive, meta-analytic review and critical evaluation of outcome research pertaining to the effectiveness of premarital prevention programs. Results revealed that the mean effect size for premarital programs was . 80, which means that the average person who participated in a premarital prevention program was significantly better off afterwards than 79% of people who did not participate. Stated differently, the average participant in a premarital program tends to experience about a 30% increase in measures of outcome success. Our findings suggest that premarital prevention programs are generally effective in producing immediate and short-term gains in interpersonal skills and overall relationship quality and that these improvements are significantly better than nonintervention couples in these areas. However, because of a lack of extended follow-up research, conclusions about long-term effectiveness remain elusive. We propose implications for future research, education, and policy.
Visual Representation of Object Location: Insights From Localization Impairments

aged or fail to develop normally, the most basic and seemingly triv ial aspects of visual perception may be impaired drastically. Care ful analysis of the impairments not only makes apparent the intricacy of visual mechanisms, but also of fers insights into the structure and functioning of these mechanisms. For several years, we and our colleagues have been studying A.H. , a young woman with an im pairment in localizing objects from vision.1 A.H. , who recently grad uated with honors from a major university, has normal visual acu ity. Her visual fields are also nor mal (i.e., she can see, with each eye, a normal-sized region of space). Her medical history is un remarkable, and no abnormalities were apparent on clinical neuro logical exam, electroencephalo gram, or magnetic resonance im aging. Throughout her schooling, A.H. has experienced difficulty with spelling, math, and foreign languages, but has never been placed in classes for students with learning disabilities. A.H. showed severe and dra
Inflation Dynamics and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve : an Identification Robust Econometric Analysis *

The authors use identification-robust methods to assess the empirical adequacy of a New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) equation. They focus on Galí and Gertler’s (1999) specification, for both U.S. and Canadian data. Two variants of the model are studied: one based on a rational-expectations assumption, and a modification to the latter that uses survey data on inflation expectations. The results based on these two specifications exhibit sharp differences concerning: (i) identification difficulties, (ii) backward-looking behaviour, and (iii) the frequency of price adjustment. Overall, the authors find that there is some support for the hybrid NKPC for the United States, whereas the model is not suited to Canada. Their findings underscore the need for employing identification-robust inference methods in the estimation of expectations-based dynamic macroeconomic relations. JEL classification: C13, C52, E31 Bank classification: Econometric and statistical methods; Inflation and prices
Elastic energy storage in tendons: mechanical differences related to function and age.

We investigated the possibility that tendons that normally experience relatively high stresses and function as springs during locomotion, such as digital flexors, might develop different mechanical properties from those that experience only relatively low stresses, such as digital extensors. At birth the digital flexor and extensor tendons of pigs have identical mechanical properties, exhibiting higher extensibility and mechanical hysteresis and lower elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elastic energy storage capability than adult tendons. With growth and aging these tendons become much stronger, stiffer, less extensible, and more resilient than at birth. Furthermore, these alterations in elastic properties occur to a significantly greater degree in the high-load-bearing flexors than in the low-stress extensors. At maturity the pig digital flexor tendons have twice the tensile strength and elastic modulus but only half the strain energy dissipation of the corresponding extensor tendons. A morphometric analysis of the digital muscles provides an estimate of maximal in vivo tendon stresses and suggests that the muscle-tendon unit of the digital flexor is designed to function as an elastic energy storage element whereas that of the digital extensor is not. Thus the differences in material properties between mature flexor and extensor tendons are correlated with their physiological functions, i.e., the flexor is much better suited to act as an effective biological spring than is the extensor.
Comparison of post-operative ICU sedation between dexmedetomidine and propofol in Indian population

Context: Critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation frequently need sedatives and analgesics to facilitate their care. Dexmedetomidine, a short-acting alpha-2-agonist, possesses anxiolytic, anesthetic, hypnotic, and analgesic properties. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in comparison to propofol in the management of sedation for post-operative intensive care unit (ICU) patients, as a sedative agent. Settings and Design: Teaching hospital, A phase III, prospective, open, randomized and comparative. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who were ambulatory and who required the post-operative mechanical ventilation or post-operative sedation were enrolled, in which 15 patients received Dexmedetomidine and remaining 15 patients received propofol. All these patients were treated for the period of 8 to 24 h. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using Student's t-test and Chi-square test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Demographic data were comparable. Pulse rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure were comparable. Depth of sedation and extubation time were similar. To maintain analgesia throughout the study period, patients receiving propofol infusions required significantly more analgesics than patients receiving Dexmedetomidine. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine appears to be a safe and acceptable ICU sedative agent when both the clinician's and patient's perspectives are considered.
Managing Encopresis in the Elementary School Setting

Encopresis is a medical condition that is associated with incontinence in children. It leads to frustration and anxiety in both parents and children due to the presenting symptoms and the inability to control elimination patterns. There is overwhelming concern among families that a child with encopresis will be ostracized from peers and will suffer long-term psychological effects. It is therefore important to define encopresis to include the etiology, prevalence, and treatment measures in order to ensure a positive outcome. In addition, as a child enters elementary school, the school nurse plays a vital role in assisting the child to reach educational goals and managing health concerns. This article will guide the reader through the origin and diagnosis of encopresis as well as the principles of management. It will also delineate the school nurse role in managing encopresis in the school setting.
Kinetics and dynamics of atmospheric ions, clusters and aerosols

Aerosol particle formation in the atmosphere is a significant factor affecting both the whole ecosystem and human prosperity. With the aim to understand the relevance and significance of different mechanisms contributing to particle formation, this thesis has chosen to concentrate on kinetics and dynamics of small clusters in the atmosphere. A special focus is on charged particles and ions, since they offer a way to study small particles below the size detection limit of traditional instruments. Model studies together with field and laboratory measurements offer a powerful method for investigations of particle formation mechanism. For that reason, a sectional aerosol model including charge effects was created. The results based on ion counter, particle and particle charging state measurements as well as model studies show for the first time real, justifiable observations of the contribution of ion-induced nucleation on particle formation in the lower troposphere. The possibility of kinetic nucleation was also investigated and the results were found to support the possibility of kinetic nucleation. The most probable particle formation mechanism in the lower boreal atmosphere was found to be a combination of kinetic and ion-based nucleation. One of the key factors in ion-induced nucleation, ion production rate, was studied with two independent methods. It was found to be relatively low, 4-6 cm−3 s−1. The effects of organic vapour and Coulomb forces on particle growth were also investigated, and both were found to be important.