Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiated effects of morphological and functional polycentric urban spatial structure on carbon emissions in China: an empirical analysis from remotely sensed nighttime light approach

ABSTRACT Understanding the relationship between urban development and environmental sustainability to achieve ‘double carbon’ goals in China can be strengthened by evaluating the environmental effect of urban spatial structure (US). However, there have been few studies that consider the differentiated effects of polycentric US (PUS) on carbon emissions from both functional and morphological perspectives simultaneously. Thus, taking China’s 31 provinces as experimental subjects, our study developed a novel framework with remotely sensed nighttime light (NTL) data to quantify morphological PUS (MPUS) and functional PUS (FPUS) from 2000 to 2019. Then, from these two dimensions, differentiated effects of PUS on carbon emissions were further examined. Results indicated that NTL data presented high potential in quantifying MPUS and FPUS. The effect of FPUS on carbon emission-cutting outperformed that of MPUS. In addition, the spillover effect effectively enhanced the decreasing effect of the FPUS on carbon emissions. Our empirical findings can provide guidance for the government in developing strategies for reducing carbon emissions and optimizing USs.
Investigation of fiber dispersion compensation and dispersion slope compensation in 160 Gb/s optical transmission systems

In this paper, we investigate the effect of the fiber dispersion compensation and dispersion slope compensation in 160Gb/s single channel optical fiber transmission systems. Different dispersion maps are analyzed and their transmission performances are compared by calculating the Q factor. The numerical results show that there is no significant difference in the performance between the systems with and without dispersion slope compensation for the dispersion managed transmission systems when the launch power and the pre-compensation fiber length are all optimized. So, we conclude that the compensation for dispersion slope is not a must for dispersion managed fiber transmission systems. However, for the systems consisting of a single transmission fiber, the performance can be significantly improved by dispersion slope compensation. Moreover, the effect of local dispersion on the transmission performance is studied and the system performance improves slightly with higher local dispersion.
Gringotts: An Encrypted Version Control System With Less Trust on Servers

Version Control System (VCS) plays an essential role in software supply chain, as it manages code projects and enables efficient collaboration. For a private repository, where source code is a high-profile asset and needs to be protected, VCS’ security is extremely important. Traditional (unencrypted or encrypted) VCS solutions rely on a trusted service provider to host the code and enforce access control, which is not realistic enough for real-world threats. If the service provider peep in or the hackers break into the repository, the read & write privilege to the sensitive code is totally lost. Therefore, we consider whether one can relax the assumption on the server by introducing a covert adversary, namely, it may act maliciously, but will not misbehave if it can be caught doing so. However, protecting sensitive code and enforcing access control on a covert adversarial server is a challenging task. Existing encryption-based VCS solutions failed to address this challenge, as they offered limited access control functionalities, introduced heavy key management overhead or storage overhead. Moreover, the crucial feature of compression of the source files were missing in an encrypted and versioned storage. To address these problems, we introduce Gringotts, an end-to-end encrypted VCS, tailored for read & write access control, version control and source file compression. We present a formal model and propose a scheme with detailed analysis. We also implement and evaluate Gringotts on top-10 most starred code projects on GitHub. The results demonstrate that Gringotts introduces low latency (less than 0.3 s) for commit encryption and decryption, supports fine-grained access control and rich version control functionalities with practical performance.
A novel method for absolute magnetization measurement in longitudinal recording media using transverse-susceptibility measurements

Magnetic measurements using inductive or force methods give the sample magnetic moment. To calculate the magnetization requires an accurate measurement of the sample volume which is not easily possible in recording media. A new method is described for longitudinal recording media which relies on the shift in the transverse-susceptibility anisotropy peak produced by the demagnetizing field when measurements are made perpendicular to the film.
ERRATUM: “AN IMPROVED PROPER-MOTION CATALOG COMBINING USNO-B AND THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY” (2004, AJ, 127, 3034)

The authors have discovered an error in the calculation of the proper motions in right ascension (the proper motions in declination were not affected by the error, and are thus correct). The error involves the use of an incorrect sign when interpreting the residuals in right ascension in the USNO-B catalog. The results of the error are as follows. For users working with samples of stars chosen to have significantly detected proper motions, the impact of the error should be small. However, for users working closer to the statistical error limit, or averaging over many stars to determine small mean motions, the additional errors are clearly significant. A corrected version of the catalog has been generated. The corrected motions will be available in Data Release 7 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Catalog Archive Server, due out in October 2008. Until then, corrected motions may be obtained by contacting the first author.
DR 21: A Major Star Formation Site Revealed by Spitzer

We have obtained images of the obscured massive star-forming region DR 21 using both the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) instruments aboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our images cover an area of more than half a square degree. The unprecedented high sensitivity and resolution of both IRAC and MIPS allow us to reveal the complexity of this region for the first time. Our images show extended outflows from a dense disk of material. Previously observed molecular outflows from the center of DR 21 are clearly visible in our images and are embedded in a much larger region of diffuse filaments apparently flowing out from DR 21. Many of the point sources in the region seen by Spitzer at 8 and 24 μm are both very obscured and intrinsically red. We discuss the properties of some of these extremely red objects and indicate that they are likely to be Class I or earlier protostars. Other features observed include mid-infrared dark clouds that occasionally appear as swept up features from extremely red objects, including a 15 pc long north-south filament to the south of DR 21 itself.
Analysis of structured highlight stereo imaging for shape measurement of specular objects

Structured highlight stereo (SHS) is a technique for the measurement of specular objects, and is based on viewing the reflection of a structured highlight pattern from multiple directions. This paper reports the results of a simulation and experimental analysis of the approach in order to further understand the accuracy and limitations of SHS. In particular, this paper describes two important findings related to this technique. Firstly, it is shown that the search region containing a consistent set of candidate highlights may be minimized using epipolar constraints. Secondly, an analysis is presented to quantify the accuracy of the SHS approach for different surface curvatures. The results indicate that, although it is possible to accurately measure the surface height of planar specular objects, the accuracy is reduced for objects with curved surface profiles. The measurement error occurs because in general it is not possible to measure the same surface location with both cameras, which then leads to an inconsistency between the surface normal estimates for each camera. The measurement error increases in relation to both the distance between measurement locations on the surface and the surface curvature.
Původní sdělení | Original research

Objective: The use of matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) in patients with acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (STEMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as a prognostic indicator has a lot of gaps and the medical community has very limited experience with it. The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of MMP-9 in STEMI patients after successful revascularization within a 12-month follow-up period. Material and method: 88 patients met the inclusion criteria and had no exclusion criteria diagnosed with STEMI who underwent primary PCI were enrolled in the study. 66 (75.0%) were men, with a mean age of 60.84±9.68 years. A follow-up period was 12 months. The combined endpoint was used and it included the occurrence of heart failure, which required hospitalization, cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial in- farction, acute cerebrovascular event. The level of MMP-9 was determined by ELISA.
Effect of hydrophobic aerosil dispersions on the Goldstone mode dynamics in ferroelectric liquid crystal near the point of polarisation sign reversal

ABSTRACT Broadband dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 10−2 Hz to 107 Hz was used to study the effect of hydrophobic aerosil nanoparticles on the dynamics of the Goldstone mode in a ferroelectric liquid crystal near the point of spontaneous polarisation sign reversal. The obtained results show that an important role in the modification of the dynamics of the Goldstone mode and the phenomena at the point of spontaneous polarisation sign reversal is played not only by the presence of the nanoparticles themselves in the ferroelectric liquid crystal structure, but also the state of the surface of these nanoparticles. Similarly to the hydrophilic aerosil, the polarisation sign reversal temperature slightly decreases with the increase of the hydrophobic aerosil concentration. For small concentrations of hydrophobic aerosil, only slight changes in the dynamics of the Goldstone mode over the entire temperature range are detected. The observed deviations are due to the different influence of aerosil nanoparticles on the structure and dielectric properties of the tested composite caused by the specific surface treatment. The presence of the Goldstone mode above and below the point of polarisation sign reversal seems to confirm the model of two conformers with different structure and opposite dipole moments. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Performance comparison of breast imaging modalities using a 4AFC human observer study

This work compares the visibility of spheres and simulated masses in 2D-mammography and tomosynthesis systems using human observer studies. Performing comparison studies between breast imaging systems poses a number of practical challenges within a clinical environment. We therefore adopted a simulation approach which included synthetic breast blocks, a validated lesion simulation model and a set of validated image modelling tools as a viable alternative to clinical trials. A series of 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) human observer experiments has been conducted for signal detection tasks using masses and spheres as targets. Five physicists participated in the study viewing images with a 5mm target at a range of contrast levels and 60 trials per experimental condition. The results showed that tomosynthesis has a lower threshold contrast than 2D-mammography for masses and spheres, and that detection studies using spheres may produce overly-optimistic threshold contrast values.
Motion Artifact Detection and Classification for Unobtrusive Cardiorespiratory Signals Using Machine Learning

For personal health care applications, unobtrusive sensors, such as reflective photoplethysmography (rPPG), capacitive electrocardiography (cECG) or ballistocardiography (BCG), are used with increasing frequency. While these sensors provide more comfort for the user, they exhibit a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and especially suffer from motion artifacts (MAs). Therefore, methods for reliable detection of MAs as well as their classification in the case of, for example, sleep analysis, are researched. In this paper, support vector machines (SVM) are investigated for the detection and classification of motion artifacts. Two methods for classification with respect to eight classes of movements are presented. First, a direct multi-class classification, and second, a multi-class classification after perfect detection. Waveform-related features are created and used for the training of the SVMs. An openly available dataset (UnoVis data set) which provides nine recordings of six channels of signals with annotations for motion is used. For the binary classification, an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 91%, 71%, 97% (test set) and 92%, 73% and 98% (validation set) are achieved respectively. For the direct multi-class classification, the SVM’ s performance is rather poor with mean accuracies, sensitivities and specificities of 77%, 21% and 93% (test set) and 78%, 28% and 93% (validation set) respectively. Similar results were achieved for perfect prediction.
Photocrosslinkable natural polymers in tissue engineering

Natural polymers have been widely used in scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cytotoxicity compared to synthetic polymers. Despite these advantages, there remain drawbacks such as unsatisfying mechanical properties or low processability, which hinder natural tissue substitution. Several non-covalent or covalent crosslinking methods induced by chemicals, temperatures, pH, or light sources have been suggested to overcome these limitations. Among them, light-assisted crosslinking has been considered as a promising strategy for fabricating microstructures of scaffolds. This is due to the merits of non-invasiveness, relatively high crosslinking efficiency via light penetration, and easily controllable parameters, including light intensity or exposure time. This review focuses on photo-reactive moieties and their reaction mechanisms, which are widely exploited along with natural polymer and its tissue engineering applications.
Radiation effect on EDFA for inter-satellite optical communication on low dose orbits

The erbium doped fiber, optical isolator and WDM coupler, which are three key optical components of commercial erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), are radiated to the radiation dose of 5krad by electron. The radiated erbium-doped fiber (EDF) make the output power of EDFA come down 0.5dB when the input power is between -12dBm and-5dBm. The NF climb up 1dB. However, the peak wavelength changes little. The radiation experiment results also show that the deterioration of the optical isolator and WDM coupler can be neglected at the dose of 5krad. In order to assure the accuracy of analysis, the recovery experiment has been done to correct the radiation effect on the EDFA. The results indicate that if optical communication systems have enough redundancy, the EDFA can be used on the low dose orbits without any radiation protection for inter-satellite optical communication.
CPG3D: Cross-Modal Priors Guided 3D Object Reconstruction

Three-dimensional reconstruction is a multimedia technology widely used in computer-aided modeling and 3D animation. Nevertheless, it is still hard for reconstruction methods to overcome the 3D geometry missing and the object occlusion in the single-view images. In this article, we propose a novel method (CPG3D) for reconstructing high-quality 3D shapes from a single image under the guidance of prior knowledge. Using the single-view image as the query, prior knowledge is collected from public 3D datasets, which can compensate for missing 3D geometries and assist the 3D reconstruction network to high fidelity results. Our method consists of three parts: 1) Cross-modal 3D shape retrieval module: This part retrieves related 3D shapes based on 2D images. Here, we apply the pre-trained model to guarantee the correlation between the retrieved 3D shape and the input image. 2) Multimodal information fusion module: We propose a multimodal attention mechanism to handle the information fusing of 2D visual and 3D structural information; 3) Three-dimensional reconstruction module: We propose a novel encoder-decoder network for 3D shape reconstruction. Specifically, we employ the skip connection operation to link the target image's visual information with the 3D model's structural information to enhance the prediction of 3D details. During training, we employ two carefully designed loss functions to lead the multimodal learning to obtain proper modal features. On the ShapeNet and Pix3D datasets, the final experimental results reveal that our method notably increases reconstruction quality and outperforms SOTA methods.
Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood Recombination Coefficients for Oxygen on Silica Surfaces

The energetics and dynamics of the Eley-Rideal (E-R) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) recombination reaction of oxygen atoms on β cristobalite have been studied within a semiclassical collisional model. The calculated recombination coefficient γ for the E-R reaction at T s = 1000 K is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental value, whereas at T s = 600 K a satisfactory agreement is found between the L-H γ value and the experimental one. Results on the energy exchanges between the formed O 2 molecules and the silica surface are reported. Site-specific effects as well as the influence of the top layer surface structure are also pointed out and discussed.
Model law for gas isolated system

This paper considers a change of probability of the electrical breakdown of gases as a function of the examination model dimensions. Since investigation of the breakdown voltage of gases on a real-scale apparatus is not economical because of the time and money required, investigations are usually conducted on the small laboratory model. During the model law derivation, real-scale apparatus is represented by a planar capacitor while the model is represented also by a planar capacitor but with smaller dimensions. Decreasing of dimensions of the real capacitor was performed in two successive steps: the first, by decreasing the surface area S of the plates and the second, by decreasing the interelectrode gap value d. Analytical expressions for the model law of a gas insulation have been obtained by treating the electrical discharge of gases like avalanche processes in real space and in the sense of Markov processes in the probability space. Theoretically obtained results were confirmed experimentally. Also, expressions for model law of the gas isolation derived in this paper make application possible of obtained results for designing gas isolated systems with real dimensions.
Generation and detection of fluorescent color centers in diamond with submicron resolution

Fluorescent color-center patterns have been written on surfaces of synthetic type-Ib diamonds with spatial resolution below 180 nm via irradiation with focused ion and electron beams and subsequent annealing. The patterns are detected and spectroscopically analyzed using confocal optical microscopy. From the spatial extent of the color-center distributions, the activation energy for diffusion of vacancies in diamond is determined as (2.55±0.15) eV. Detailed information about the formation of color centers in diamond is obtained employing the three-dimensional spatial resolution of the confocal microscope combined with spectral resolution. In particular, the distributions of two color centers, ascribed to different charge states of the NV defect in diamond, have been spatially mapped and shown to depend strongly on the irradiation dose.
Analysis of Strengthening and Dissipating Mesoscale Convective Systems Propagating off the West African Coast

AbstractA large number of Atlantic tropical depressions are generated in the eastern basin in relation to the African easterly wave (AEW) and embedded mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) coming from the African continent. In this paper, the structures of strengthening and dissipating MCSs evolving near the West African coast are analyzed, including the role of the ocean surface conditions in their evolution.Satellite infrared brightness temperature and meteorological radar data over seven summer seasons between 1993 and 2006 are used to subjectively select 20 cases of strengthening and dissipating MCSs in the vicinity of the Senegal coast. With these observed MCSs, a lagged composite analysis is then performed using Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). It is shown that the strengthening MCS is generally preceded by prior passage of an AEW near the West African coast. This previous wave trough is associated with a convective cyclonic circulation in the low a.
RFSE-GRU: Data Balanced Classification Model for Mobile Encrypted Traffic in Big Data Environment

With the widespread use of mobile technologies and the Internet, traffic in mobile networks is increasing. This situation has made the classification of traffic an important element for data security and network management. However, encryption of traffic in modern networks makes it difficult to classify traffic with traditional methods. In this study, a unique deep learning-based classification model is proposed for the classification of encrypted mobile traffic data. The proposed model is a classification model called RFSE-GRU, which combines the Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) algorithm, feature selection and data balancing. The features that are more meaningful in the classification process are determined by selecting the features with the Random Forest algorithm. In addition, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) oversampling algorithm and Edited Nearest Neighbor (ENN) undersampling algorithm were used together to reduce the negative impact of data imbalance on classification performance. The study was carried out on Apache Spark’s big data platform in the Google Colab environment. In the study, ISCX VPN-Non VPN and UTMobileNet2021 datasets were used. Binary and multiclass classifications were made for the ISCX VPN-Non VPN dataset, and multiclass classifications were made for the UTMobileNet2021 dataset by using various algorithms on the datasets. The proposed model has been compared with eleven different algorithms and hybrid methods. At the same time, the effect of data balancing and feature selection on classification performance is examined. As a result, the proposed model achieved 93.91%, 82.68% and 96.83% accuracy rates in ISCX VPN-Non VPN binary and multiclass, UTMobileNet2021 multiclass classifications, respectively.