Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oil Sands Exploration in Ijebu-Imushin using Magnetic and Electrical Resistivity Methods

There has been tremendous interest in the exploration and production activities of readily available alternatives to conventional oil. Oil seeps observed in Ijebu-Imushin, Ogun State, south-western Nigeria, served as an indication of the occurrence of oil sands – a non-conventional hydrocarbon resource – in the area. Electrical and ground magnetic geophysical survey techniques were thus employed to map the occurrence of the oil sand deposits in the study area as well as to determine the depth to the basement in order to obtain information on the subsurface for exploitation activities. Three vertical electrical soundings and 2-D electrical imaging along a single profile were carried out using the Schlumberger and Werner configurations, respectively. Modelling the likely subsurface structures from the measured magnetic profiles indicates a likely maximum depth to basement of 300m across the study area. The constructed strata from the electrical methods revealed that oil sands deposit are likely to be present and substantial in the south-western part of the study area. The deposit appears to commence from a depth of about 2 m, extending to a depth of approximately 40 m in this part of the study area.
Analysis of ENSO interannual oscillations using non‐stationary quasi‐periodic statistics: a study of ENSO memory

Most climate fluctuations may be modulated by a variety of periodic or quasi‐periodic deterministic forcing (e.g. diurnal, seasonal or Milankovitch cycles). These process modulations often induce cyclostationary (CS) behaviour defined as periodic correlations. I proposed here that quasi‐periodic correlations may appear when the inertia (memory) of a process is modulating its pure CS property. This effect of the phenomenon memory led to CS behaviour ‘in average’ both in time and frequency domains, called Extended CycloStationarity (ECS) and being rigorously defined in this paper. A new statistical tool has been developed to analyse ECS in a time series with the help of a comfortable time‐frequency visualization technique (called DXM). This tool has been applied to the quantification of ENSO interannual ECS quasi‐cycles, taking into account the possible ENSO memory. ECS property searched in the SOI and SST (Niño‐3) indices perfectly confirmed the well‐known interannual periodicities (the quasi‐biennial, 28 months, and the quasi‐quadrennial, 45 months) and their evolutions discussed in the literature. The main result presented here was that these significant quasi‐cycles were the only ones detected throughout the 50‐year datasets, suggesting that various periodicities were detected in the past because ECS quasi‐cycles were not taken into account. This result led to the hypothesis that the quasi‐biennial cycle belonged to the atmospheric component and that the quasi‐quadrennial cycle belonged to the oceanic component of ENSO only. Both quasi‐cycle evolutions were significantly (p < 0.01) correlated (r2 = 0.62), with a delayed action (30‐month time lag) of the atmosphere upon the ocean. This observation highlighted the nature of the strong coupling between the two components and suggested a possible influence of Pacific atmospheric processes on oceanic processes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Division and correlation of unique fossil-bearing beds of Jiufotang Formation in Dapingfang-Meileyingzi Basin of western Liaoning

Western Liaoning of China has become one of the most important areas in the world for study of the origin of birds,evolution of dinosaurs,and the early evolutions of birds,mammals and angiosperms.This paper mainly describes division and correlation of unique fossil-bearing horizons of the Jiufotang Formation in DapingfangMeileyingzi Basin.Ascendingly,the unique fossil-bearing horizons include those of the 2~(nd) member(Lamagou Bed);the lower part of the 3~(rd) member(Huanghuagou Bed),and the upper part of the 3~(rd) member(Yuanjiawa Bed) in the Jiufotang Formation.Based on fossil Ostracods assemblage characteristic,the bird and Pterosaurs-bearing horizons of the Xiaoyugou of Lianhe and Nanlu of Shengli can be correlated with the Lamagou Bed,as well as the beds of Hujiayingzi,Balengguan and Chezhangzi can be correlated with the Yuanjiawa Bed.
Using High-Speed Video to Better Understand Extended Column Tests

Extended Column Tests (ECTs) have become increasingly popular for assessing snowpack stability. However, we still do not fully understand what happens to the block and the underlying weak layer during the test. Such work has been done for the Propagation Saw Test (PST), but not for the ECT. In order to better understand and interpret ECT results, we analyzed high-speed video (240 frames/second) of propagating ECTs using particle tracking. Our results show several things: 1) fractures initiate in an area of the weak layer directly under the shovel at the free edge of the block, 2) at the resolution of our measurements we do not see signs of progressive damage accumulation in the weak layer during tapping, but rather a single rapid collapse when fracture is initiated, 3) tapping on one side of the ECT does not affect the far side of the ECT, and 4) measured fracture speeds are similar to previously reported values, including those measured using the PST. From a practical perspective, our results suggest that the ECT is indeed measuring the propensity of a crack to propagate at the small scale of the ECT block, giving us greater confidence that we are capturing a critically important property of snow stability in our tests.
Spatial Econometrics Revisited: A Case Study of Land Values in Roanoke County

Omitting spatial characteristics such as proximity to amenities from hedonic land value models may lead to spatial autocorrelation and biased and inefficient estimators. A spatial autoregressive error model can be used to model the spatial structure of errors arising from omitted spatial effects. This paper demonstrates an alternative approach to modeling land values based on individual and joint misspecification tests using data from Roanoke County in Virginia. Spatial autocorrelation is found in land value models of Roanoke County. Defining neighborhoods based on geographic and socioeconomics characteristics produces better estimates of neighborhood effects on land values than simple distance measures. Implementing a comprehensive set of individual and joint misspecification tests results in better correction for misspecification errors compared to existing practices.
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Identification of in vitro metabolites of ethylphenidate by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

1 Ethylphenidate is a new potent synthetic psychoactive drug, structurally related to 2 methylphenidate. Using human liver microsomes and cytosol, we have investigated for the 3 first time the Phase-I and Phase-II in vitro metabolism of ethylphenidate. The structure of the 4 metabolites was elucidated by hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Overall, 5 seven Phase-I, but no Phase-II metabolites were detected. Ethylphenidate underwent 6 hydroxylation forming two primary mono-hydroxylated metabolites and, subsequently, 7 dehydration and ring opening with an additional hydroxylation, forming secondary 8 metabolites. The involvement of different human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the 9 formation of ethylphenidate metabolites was investigated using a panel of human 10 recombinant CYPs (rCYPs). rCYP2C19 was the most active recombinant enzyme involved in 11 the formation of all seven ethylphenidate metabolites detected, although other rCYPs 12 (rCYP1A2, rCYP2B6, rCYPC9, rCYP2D6, and rCYP3A4, but not rCYP2E1) played a role in 13 the metabolism of ethylphenidate. All metabolites identified in the present study can be 14 considered as potential specific biomarkers of ethylphenidate in toxicological studies. 15 Additionally, ritalinic acid and methylphenidate were formed by non-enzymatic hydrolysis and 16 trans-esterification, and, therefore, they cannot be considered as (oxidative) metabolites of 17 ethylphenidate. The presence of methylphenidate and ritalinic acid cannot be exclusively 18 associated to the use of ethylphenidate, since methylphenidate is a drug itself and ritanilic 19 acid can be formed from both ethylphenidate and methylphenidate.
This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Local currency bond market development in Sub-Saharan Africa : a stock-taking exercise and analysis of key drivers

: This article studies the current state and drivers of government local currency bond market (LCBM) development in Sub-Saharan Africa. We first show that, increasingly, African governments issue fixed-rate local currency bonds with tenors of ten years and more on a regular basis. However, African LCBMs are also often marked by illiquidity, very few corporate securities and narrow, bank-dominated investor bases. Second, we present an econometric analysis of the drivers of African government LCBMs based on a new high-quality, OECD-compiled panel dataset. LCBM capitalisation is found to be correlated negatively with governments’ fiscal balance and inflation, and positively with common law legal origins, institutional quality and democracy.
Research and development of large-scale coal gasification technology

Coal gasification is the key technology for clean and high-efficiency coal utilization. It also is the basis of process industry for coal-based chemicals synthesis(such as ammonia,methanol,acetic acid , olefin etc. ), advanced Intergrated Gasification Combined Cycle ( IGCC ) system , poly-cogeneration,hydrogen production,fuel cell and direct-reduction iron making. It is very important to research and develop large-scale coal gasification technology. In this paper,the status of the development of over-sea large-scale coal gasification technology is summarized. And that of research and commercialization of large-scale coal gasification in China is also been introduced. The development trend of and technical approach to commercialization of coal gasification are analyzed.
Vascular Flora of the Fort Whyte Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba: 2002 - 2004

The Fort Whyte Centre for Environmental Education is situated in the southwest quadrant of Winnipeg, Manitoba. The Centre is home to a variety of habitats including aspen forest and willow stands, grassland areas, and a series of small lakes and wetlands reclaimed from an openpit clay mine and cement factory that use to operate on the site. A vascular plant survey of the Centre property was conducted during the 2002 – 2004 growing seasons. A total of 377 species, subspecies, and varieties of vascular plants, representing 67 different plant families, were identified over the course of the survey. A complete list of the species observed and a map showing major habitat types at the Centre are included in this report. Jones, G. 2005. Vascular flora of the Fort Whyte Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba: 2002 – 2004. Section de l'amenagement de l'habitat et de la surveillance des ecosystemes, Direction de la protection de la faune et des ecosystemes, Conservation Manitoba. Rapport n 2005-02, Winnipeg (Manitoba). 37 pp. RESUME Le Fort Whyte Centre for Environmental Education est situe dans la partie sud-ouest de la ville de Winnipeg, au Manitoba. Dans le Centre se trouvent divers habitats, dont des forets de trembles et de saules, des prairies et une serie de petits lacs et de marecages reconquis sur le site d’une mine d’argile a ciel ouvert et d’une usine de ciment autrefois exploitees sur les lieux. Une enquete sur les plantes vasculaires du Centre a ete effectuee pendant les saisons de croissance de 2002, 2003 et 2004. A l’issue de cette enquete un total de 377 especes, sous-especes et varietes de plantes vasculaires, representant 67 familles differentes, avaient ete identifiees. Le present rapport contient une liste complete des especes notees ainsi qu'une carte illustrant les grands types d’habitat qu’abrite le Centre.
Issues in Information Systems

This manuscript reports preliminary results of a research project with the objective of discovering constructs and developing theory to explain and improve the information assurance process. This theory should enhance our understanding of the broad range of factors that influence information assurance and guide future research in this area. This study builds on prior research by comparing the perspectives of managers versus staff members that perform information assurance services.
Issues in Information Systems

Although previous research has explored the effects of different types of social network systems’ impacts on individual and group shopping, researchers have focused little on how often a user sell, buy, and swap on WeChat. This article attempts to fill this void by examining WeChat exchange groups, through the task fit technology theory. The results, based on 167 questionnaires completed by two WeChat groups in USA, show that the perceived information-fit-totask and perceived relatedness positively affect IT-enabled collaboration capability. IT-enabled collaboration capability has positive consequences on user intention to sell, buy, and swap on WeChat.
Issues in Information Systems

The understanding of emotions has been an important research topic for many years dating back to almost 150 years to the work of Charles Darwin. Human emotion detection and recognition play an important role in everyday life as a fundamental part in interpersonal communication. Naturally, the relationship between detection and recognition is of high importance in the human computer interaction. Facial expression recognition (FER) systems are a computerbased technology that detects faces, codes expressions, and determines emotional states. This paper discusses the creation and reports the testing of a FER system to determine if machines could more accurately predict emotion than humans. In addition, this study seeks to determine perception of artificial intelligence facial expression recognition. The methods in this study included using a Haar-cascade classifier implemented by OpenCV 2.4. 2. Results demonstrated that the AI FER system recognized emotions more accurately and that the human subjects considered the Artificial Intelligence Facial Expression Recognition systems trustworthy and beneficial.
Issues in Information Systems

The consumption of video games has become a significant economic, cultural, and entertainment phenomenon worldwide. Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPGs) are an important category of such games. In MMORPGs, gamers often play with add-ons to enhance their gaming experience. In previous research studies on MMORPGs, few of them have focused on the relationships among MMORPGs, gamers, and add-ons. This study presents a conceptual framework for use in addressing the following two questions: (1) What is the relationship between gamers and add-ons in MMORPGs? (2) How do factors (such as game quality and updates) impact gamers and add-ons and the relationship between them? In this paper, we develop a research model and describe a quantitative methodology that can be used to test and investigate the above questions. Implications for research and practice, as well as limitations and future research directions, are discussed.
The archaeology of rank: Contents

1. The present study of past society 2. Social theory and social life 3. Inequality and social life: a working model 4. Mortuary data as evidence of ranking 5. Mortuary data as evidence of ranking 6. The form and distribution of artifacts 7. Status, settlements, and structures 8. Catal Huyuk: a ranked Neolithic town in Anatolia? Notes References Index.
1D single-site and laterally constrained inversion of multifrequency and multicomponent ground-based electromagnetic induction data — Application to the investigation of a near-surface clayey overburden

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods are widely used to determine the distribution of the electrical conductivity and are well adapted to the delimitation of aquifers and clayey layers because the electromagnetic field is strongly perturbed by conductive media. The multicomponent EMI device that was used allowed the three components of the secondary magnetic field (the radial H-r, the tangential H-phi, and the vertical H-z) to be measured at 10 frequencies ranging from 110 to 56 kHz in one single sounding with offsets ranging from 20 to 400 m. In a continuing endeavor to improve the reliability with which the thickness and conductivity are inverted, we focused our research on the use of components other than the vertical magnetic field Hz. Because a separate sensitivity analysis of H-r and H-z suggests that H-r is more sensitive to variations in the thickness of a near-surface conductive layer, we developed an inversion, tool able to make single-sounding and laterally constrained 1D interpretation of both components jointly, associated with an adapted random search algorithm for single-sounding processing for which almost no a priori information is available. Considering the complementarity of H-r and H-z components, inversion tests of clean and noisy synthetic data showed an improvement in the definition of the thickness of a near-surface conductive layer. This inversion code was applied to the karst site of the basin of Fontaine-Sous-Preaux, near Rouen (northwest of France). Comparison with an electrical resistivity tomography tends to confirm the reliability of the interpretation from the EMI data with the developed inversion tool.
The effect of problem-based learning model assisted by Google Site on the students’ mathematical concept understanding ability

: The study aims to determine the effect of the problem-based learning (PBL) model assisted by Google Site on the students’ mathematical concept understanding ability. This type of research uses quantitative research with an experimental method. The subject is two classes, 30 students in VIII G as the experimental class and 30 students in VIII I as the control class. The data collection technique uses a description test in the materials in flat-sided shape and interviews for observation. Technique data analysis using the t-test with SPSS version 26 and determining the magnitude of the effect using the effect size test. The result obtained that the average mathematical concept understanding ability of students who receive learning with the PBL model assisted by Google Site is better than students who receive learning with conventional learning. Thus, it can be shown that a significant effect of applying the PBL model assisted by Google Site on the mathematical concept understanding ability. The effect size on the students’ post -test is 1.85. This shows that the effect of the problem-based learning model assisted by Google Site on the students’ mathematical concept understanding ability is in the high category.
Systematic Reviews and Meta-and Pooled Analyses Allergies and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer : A Pooled Analysis From the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium

Sara H. Olson*, Meier Hsu, Jaya M. Satagopan, Patrick Maisonneuve, Debra T. Silverman, Ersilia Lucenteforte, Kristin E. Anderson, Ayelet Borgida, Paige M. Bracci, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Michelle Cotterchio, Qi Dai, Eric J. Duell, Elizabeth H. Fontham, Steven Gallinger, Elizabeth A. Holly, Bu-Tian Ji, Robert C. Kurtz, Carlo La Vecchia, Albert B. Lowenfels, Brian Luckett, Emmy Ludwig, Gloria M. Petersen, Jerry Polesel, Daniela Seminara, Lori Strayer, Renato Talamini, and the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium
Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses PooledResults From5Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report InstrumentsUsing Recovery Biomarkers for Energy and Protein Intake

We pooled data from 5 large validation studies of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as references to clarify the measurement properties of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls. The studieswere conducted in widely differing US adult populations from 1999 to 2009.We report on total energy, protein, and protein density intakes. Results were similar across sexes, but there was heterogeneity across studies. Using a FFQ, the average correlation coefficients for reported versus true intakes for energy, protein, and protein density were 0.21, 0.29, and 0.41, respectively. Using a single 24-hour recall, the coefficients were 0.26, 0.40, and 0.36, respectively, for the same nutrients and rose to 0.31, 0.49, and 0.46 when three 24-hour recalls were averaged. The average rate of under-reporting of energy intake was 28% with a FFQ and 15% with a single 24-hour recall, but the percentages were lower for protein. Personal characteristics related to under-reporting were body mass index, educational level, and age. Calibration equations for true intake that included personal characteristics provided improved prediction. This project establishes that FFQs have stronger correlations with truth for protein density than for absolute protein intake, that the use of multiple 24-hour recalls substantially increases the correlations when compared with a single 24-hour recall, and that body mass index strongly predicts under-reporting of energy and protein intakes.
Systematic Reviews and Meta-and Pooled Analyses Latent Class Models in Diagnostic Studies When There is No Reference Standard — A Systematic Review

Latent class models (LCMs) combine the results of multiple diagnostic tests through a statistical model to obtain estimates of disease prevalence and diagnostic test accuracy in situations where there is no single, accurate reference standard. We performed a systematic review of the methodology and reporting of LCMs in diagnostic accuracy studies. This review shows that the use of LCMs in such studies increased sharply in the past decade, notably in the domain of infectious diseases (overall contribution: 59%). The 64 reviewed studies used a range of differently specified parametric latent variable models, applying Bayesian and frequentist methods. The critical assumption underlying the majority of LCM applications (61%) is that the test observations must be independent within 2 classes. Because violations of this assumption can lead to biased estimates of accuracy and prevalence, performing and reporting checks of whether assumptions are met is essential. Unfortunately, our review shows that 28% of the included studies failed to report any information that enables verification of model assumptions or performance. Because of the lack of information on model fit and adequate evidence “external” to the LCMs, it is often difficult for readers to judge the validity of LCM-based inferences and conclusions reached.
Tamaño Óptimo Del Gasto Público Colombiano: Una Aproximación Desde La Teoría Del Crecimiento Endógeno (Optimal Size Public Expenditure in Colombia: An Endogenous Growth Theory Approach)

Este articulo tiene como proposito hacer una estimacion econometrica del modelo de gasto publico y crecimiento economico de Barro (1990). La estimacion se realizo mediante el metodo generalizado de los momentos (GMM) para la economia colombiana durante el periodo 1950-2010. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el tamano optimo del gasto publico se sobrepaso al empezar la decada de los noventa. Ademas, se encontro que el tamano del gasto publico que maximiza la tasa de crecimiento del PIB per capita depende inversamente del grado relativo de aversion al riesgo y que la elasticidad de sustitucion intertemporal es baja para el periodo analizado. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Barro (1990) model of public expenditure and economic growth. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Estimation was used to examine the Colombian economy during the period 1950-2010. The results suggest that, starting in the early 1990s, the optimal size of public expenditure was exceeded. Furthermore, the authors found that optimal public expenditure levels required to maximize the GDP per capita growth rate depend inversely on the degree of relative risk aversion and the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution, which were very low in the period analyzed.