Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gesinsteorie in Suid-Afrika: blanke gesinne

Abstract Family theory in South Africa: white families. Family life has been researched since the establishment of the social sciences at South African universities. Most of the research was done on the family life of the whites (by sociologists and psychologists) and on the family life of the blacks (by anthropologists). During the last two to three decades in particular the research with regard to the family life of these two population groups has been done from two different perspectives: that on the blacks from a more critical perspective, and that on the whites from a more positivistic systems perspective. Research on white families was done on a descriptive as well as an analytic level. On the descriptive level attention was paid to family structure, marital pathways, choice of marriage partner, the one-parent family and various aspects of the dual-income family. On the analytic level scales were developed to measure variables such as family integration, commitment to marriage, perception of the att.
Deep Genome-Wide Measurement of Meiotic Gene Conversion Using Tetrad Analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Gene conversion, the non-reciprocal exchange of genetic information, is one of the potential products of meiotic recombination. It can shape genome structure by acting on repetitive DNA elements, influence allele frequencies at the population level, and is known to be implicated in human disease. But gene conversion is hard to detect directly except in organisms, like fungi, that group their gametes following meiosis. We have developed a novel visual assay that enables us to detect gene conversion events directly in the gametes of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using this assay we measured gene conversion events across the genome of more than one million meioses and determined that the genome-wide average frequency is 3.5×10−4 conversions per locus per meiosis. We also detected significant locus-to-locus variation in conversion frequency but no intra-locus variation. Significantly, we found one locus on the short arm of chromosome 4 that experienced 3-fold to 6-fold more gene conversions than the other loci tested. Finally, we demonstrated that we could modulate conversion frequency by varying experimental conditions.
Cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine affects CTP‐phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and lyso‐phosphatidylcholine after transient brain ischemia

Cytidine‐5′‐diphosphocholine (CDP‐choline, also referred as citicoline), the key intermediate in phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) synthesis, provided significant benefit in experimental central nervous system (CNS) injury including cerebral ischemia. CDP‐choline is synthesized by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), the key rate‐limiting enzyme in PtdCho synthesis. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes PtdCho to produce free fatty acids and lyso‐PtdCho, an inhibitor of CCT. We investigated the status of CCT and lyso‐PtdCho after 10‐min transient brain ischemia in gerbils with reperfusion up to 2 days. Ischemia with no reperfusion resulted in loss of CCT activity in cytosol (408 ± 8 pmol/min/mg protein compared to sham 695 ± 45; P < 0.01) and membrane (383 ± 61 compared to sham 532 ± 54; P < 0.05). CCT activity remained low over 24‐hr reperfusion, and returned to sham levels at Day 2 in membrane but remained low in cytosol. CDP‐choline significantly increased CCT activity in cytosol at 1 hr reperfusion (saline, 339 ± 35 compared to CDP‐choline, 430 ± 70; P < 0.05) and in membrane at 6 hr (saline, 381 ± 32 compared to CDP‐choline, 489 ± 50; P < 0.01) and 24 hr (saline, 417 ± 24 compared to CDP‐choline, 594 ± 45; P < 0.01), but had no effect on CCT activity at Day 2. Lyso‐PtdCho increased at 1‐hr reperfusion (219 ± 5 nmol/g tissue compared to sham, 92 ± 8; P < 0.01), and remained elevated over 2 days. CDP‐choline attenuated lyso‐PtdCho levels at 1‐hr reperfusion (162 ± 21, P < 0.01 compared to saline). These data indicate that PtdCho synthesis is impaired after brain ischemia, and CDP‐choline may increase PtdCho levels by attenuating the loss of CCT activity and lyso‐PtdCho formation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating the Role of FGF18 in the Cultivation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Fibroblast growth factor18 (FGF18) belongs to the FGF family and is a pleiotropic protein that stimulates proliferation in several tissues. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) participate in the normal replacement of damaged cells and in disease healing processes within bone and the haematopoietic system. In this study, we constructed FGF18 and investigated its effects on rat BMSCs (rBMSCs). The proliferative effects of FGF18 on rBMSCs were examined using an MTS assay. To validate the osteogenic differentiation effects of FGF18, ALP and mineralization activity were examined as well as osteogenic differentiation-related gene levels. FGF18 significantly enhanced rBMSCs proliferation (p<0.001) and induced the osteogenic differentiation by elevating ALP and mineralization activity of rBMSCs (p<0.001). Furthermore, these osteogenic differentiation effects of FGF18 were confirmed via increasing the mRNA levels of collagen type I (Col I), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) at 3 and 7 days. These results suggest that FGF18 could be used to improve bone repair and regeneration.
Facial reversal reaction: A dermatological emergency

epidemiologic and clinical features of the last four years (1997–2000). Int J Dermatol 2002; 41: 32–37. 4 Schewach-Millet M, Kahana M, Ronnen M, Yuzuk S. Mucosal involvement of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Dermatol 1986; 25: 113–114. 5 Veraldi S, Rigoni C, Gianotti R. Leishmaniasis of the lip. Acta Derm Venereol 2002; 82: 469–470. 6 Ferreli C, Atzori L, Zucca M, Pistis P, Aste N. Leishmaniasis of the lip in a patient with Down’s syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004; 18: 599–602. 7 Marsden PD. Mucosal leishmaniasis (‘‘espundia’’ Escomel, 1911). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1986; 80: 859–876. 8 El-Sayed M, Anwar AE. Intralesional sodium stibogluconate alone or its combination with either intramuscular sodium stibogluconate or oral ketoconazole in the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparative study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24: 335– 340. 9 Pau M, Atzori L, Aste N, Aste N. Two cases of primary endonasal leishmaniasis in Sardinia (Italy). Dermatol Online J 2009; 15: 5. 10 Lee SA, Hasbun R. Therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Infect Dis 2003; 7: 86–93.
Digital image stabilization with sub-image phase correlation based global motion estimation

This paper presents digital image stabilization with sub-image phase correlation based global motion estimation and Kalman filtering based motion correction. Global motion is estimated from the local motions of four sub-images each of which is detected using phase correlation based motion estimation. The global motion vector is decided according to the peak values of sub-image phase correlation surfaces, instead of impartial median filtering. The peak values of sub-image phase correlation surfaces reveal reliable local motion vectors, as poorly matched sub images result in considerably lower peaks in the phase correlation surface due to spread. The utilization of sub-images enables fast implementation of phase correlation based motion estimation. The global motion vectors of image frames are accumulated to obtain global displacement vectors, that are Kalman filtered for stabilization.
The Global Precedence Effect and Differences in Political Temperament

4. Mo? va? on for Experiment 2 Global/Local Paradigm o Perception proceeds from an overall organizing of a visual scene to a more detailed breakdown. Global Precedence Effect (GPE): Individuals are faster and more accurate when reporting the Global information compared to the Local information (Navon, 1977). o Participants are asked to respond to either the large letter (Global level) or small letters (Local level) by making one of two possible responses. In the neutral trials there is no response conflict because O is not a possible response only H or S.
Effect of renal disease on the standardized mortality ratio and life expectancy of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of renal disease on the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and life expectancy of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Patients whose diagnosis met ≥4 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were longitudinally followed up from 1995 to 2011. The cumulative survival rate, SMR, and life expectancy were calculated, and the effect of renal involvement, histologic class of lupus nephritis, renal damage, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on these parameters was evaluated. RESULTS Of the 694 SLE patients studied, 368 (53%) had renal disease, and the distribution of histologic classes (among 285 patients) was class I (1%), class II (6%), class III (19%), class IV (47%), class III/IV + class V (10%), and class V (16%). Renal damage was present in 79 patients (11%), and 24 (3%) developed ESRD. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality in SLE patients with renal disease, those with renal damage, and those with ESRD, as compared to those without, were 2.23 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.29-3.85), 3.59 (95% CI 2.20-5.87), and 9.20 (95% CI 4.92-17.2), respectively. Proliferative lupus nephritis (adjusted HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.22-4.24), but not the pure membranous type (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.38-3.14), was associated with a significant increase in mortality. The age- and sex-adjusted SMRs of SLE patients without renal involvement, those with lupus nephritis, those with proliferative nephritis, those with pure membranous nephritis, those with renal damage, and those with ESRD were 4.8 (95% CI 2.8-7.5), 9.0 (95% CI 6.7-11.9), 9.8 (95% CI 6.5-14.1), 6.1 (95% CI 2.0-14.1), 14.0 (95% CI 9.1-20.5), and 63.1 (95% CI 33.6-108.0), respectively. The life expectancy of SLE patients with renal disease and those with renal damage was reduced by 15.1 years and 23.7 years, respectively, compared to the general population. CONCLUSION The presence of renal disease, in particular proliferative nephritis causing renal insufficiency, significantly reduces the survival and life expectancy of SLE patients.
Some thoughts on ethics of research: After reading Milgram's "Behavioral Study of Obedience."

“The S has the right to expect that the psychologist with whom he is interacting has some concern for his welfare, and the personal attributes and professional skill to express his good will effectively. Unfortunately, the S is not always treated with the respect he deserves. ” The “experimental objectives of the psychologist are seldom incompatible with the S's ongoing state of well being, provided that the E is willing to take the S's motives and interests into consideration when planning his methods and correctives. From the S's point of view procedures which involve loss of dignity, self-esteem and trust in rational authority are probably most harmful in the long run and require the most thoughtfully planned reparations, if engaged in at all. The public image of psychology is highly related to our own actions and some of these actions are changeworthy. ” (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Constrained Spatial Layout and Simultaneous Production Evaluation for a Production System

This paper proposes a mathematical model called Multi-objective Production System Design (MOPSD) model and a two-staged solving procedure. The MOPSD model not only considers the two-dimensional layout of a production system under the constrained factory space to achieve the minimal total material transportation flow but also determines the optimal assigned number of workstations and the optimal system cycle time concerning a simultaneous production situation. The first major objective of MOPSD model is regarded as a Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP), but it considers the size of operation element, the multiple production lines, and the constrained two-dimensional factory space where traditional QAP studies are seldom mentioned. The second objective of the MOPSD model is to determine the optimal system cycle time as well as the optimal assigned number of workstations under the simultaneous production situation for preventing the underestimation of the system production rate. The first-stage solving procedure of the MOPSD model applies the space discrete technique to make the infinite deployable locations become finite, and then one can achieve the major objective through the system layout. In addition, the Four Position Coding Technique (FPCT) is developed to code the nodes in the deployed production system obtaining from the first stage, and therefore those FPCT codes can function as the input parameters in the second-stage solving procedure. These two solving procedures are constructed by the syntax of Lingo 9.0 extended version, and a numerical example is followed to describe the detailed solving procedure. In summary, the repeated characteristic of the MOPSD model and its solving procedure make this study a valuable decision support tool because they are constructed by the packaged software Lingo 9.0. That is, a factory can easily duplicate to solve other cases by changing its input parameters only.
The Trouble with Transparency: A Critical Review of Openness in e‐Government

Transparency in public administration is generally held to be desirable, something to be fostered and enabled. This long standing idea has gained considerable further momentum with the emergence of e-government and the affordances of computing in general and the Internet in particular. This paper examines the argument that transparency may, in certain and not uncommon circumstances, be inimical to good government and good governance and suggests that the importance of understanding why this is so has increased as information and communications technology permeates government and society. It suggests that in an electronic age, the scope and nature of transparency needs to be carefully managed, and that expectations of the benefits of ICT enabled transparency may be too high.
Ankle sprain injuries: a 2-year prospective cohort study in female Greek professional basketball players.

CONTEXT Ankle sprains are a common basketball injury. Therefore, examination of risk factors for injury in female professional basketball players is worthwhile. OBJECTIVE To examine rates of ankle sprains, associated time missed from participation, and risk factors for injury during 2 consecutive seasons. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Eighteen professional basketball facilities. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS We observed 204 players from 18 female professional basketball teams for 2 consecutive seasons during a 2-year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Using questionnaires, we recorded the incidence of ankle sprains, participation time missed, and mechanisms of injury in games and practice sessions. Potential risk factors, such as age, body mass, height, training experience, and history of ankle sprain, were examined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Fifty of the 204 participants sustained ankle injuries; injuries included 32 ankle sprains, which translated to an ankle sprain rate of 1.12 per 1000 hours of exposure to injury. The 32 players missed 224.4 training and game sessions and an average of 7.01 sessions per injury. Most injuries occurred in the key area of the basketball court and were the result of contact. Injury rates during games were higher than injury rates during practice sessions. Centers, followed by guards and forwards, had the highest rate of injury. Players who did not wear an external ankle support had an odds ratio of 2.481 for sustaining an ankle sprain. CONCLUSIONS Female professional basketball athletes who did not wear an external ankle support, who played in the key area, or who functioned as centers had a higher risk for ankle sprain than did other players.
Personalized Display Techniques for Next Generation DTV

With the advent of the high resolution digital television (DTV), the demand for personalized display techniques has dramatically increased. In order to meet this demand, it is necessary to provide users with a personalized display environment. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to enhance users' viewing experience. To this end, we break the personalized displays into three categories: raising immersiveness, better understanding of contents, and viewing pleasure. This system can be applied to the next generation DTV, which envisages personalized display techniques. Extension of the proposed system is our on-going work to provide more various personalized viewing options.
Using discretization to improve E-commerce anomaly detection process

Effective data mining solutions have been anticipated in Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) transaction anomaly detection model to accurately predict anomaly transaction records. However, there are many sub-optimal E-Commerce transaction anomaly detection models due to highly imbalanced data set. This research paper proposes a preprocessing method based discretization of continuous variables to solve the problem of highly imbalanced data. The Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, RBFNetwork and NBtree classifiers are applied to evaluate the discretization method. Results indicate that the discretization method can achieve excellent performance.
Visual Perception of Location and Distance

1. C.R. Gallistel, The Organization of Learning (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990). 2. P.S. Churchland, V.S. Ramachandran, and T.J. Sejnowski, A critique of pure vision, in Large Scale Neuronal Theories of the Brain, C. Koch and J.L. Davis, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994). 3. K. von Frisch, The Dance Language and Ori entation of Bees (Harvard University Press, Cam bridge, MA, 1967). 4. M. Lindauer, Angeborne und erlernte Komponenten in der Sonnenorientierung der Bi enen, Zeitschrift f? r vergleichende Physiologie, 42, 43-62 (1959). 5. F.C. Dyer, Memory and sun compensation by honey bees, Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 160, 621-633 (1987). 6. F.C. Dyer, Nocturnal orientation by the Asian honey bee, Apis dorsata, Animal Behaviour, 33, 769-774 (1985), and publications by Lindauer, Edrich, and Wehner cited therein. 7. D.A. T. New and J.K. New, The dances of honey bees at small zenith distances of the sun, Journal of Experimental Biology, 39, 271-291 (1962); R. Wehner, Himmelsnavigation bei Insekten: Neurophysiologie und Verhalten, Neujahrsblatt der Natur for sehenden Gesellschaft in Z? rich, 184, 1-132 (1982); R. Wehner and B. Lanfranconi, What do ants know about the rotation of the sky? Nature, 293, 731-733 (1981). 8. J.L. Gould, Sun compensation by bees, Sci ence, 207, 545-547 (1980). 9. F.C. Dyer and J.A. Dickinson, Develop ment of sun compensation by honeybees: How partially experienced bees estimate the sun's course, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci ences, USA, 91, 4471-4474 (1994). 10. R. Wehner and M. M? ller, How do ants acquire their celestial ephemeris function? Natur wissenschaften, 80, 331-333 (1993). 11. P. Marier, Song-learning: The interface be tween behavior and neuroethology, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, 329, 109-114 (1990). 12. S. Pinker, The Language Instinct (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994); N. Chomsky, On the nature, use, and acquisition of language, in Readings in Philosophy and Cognitive Science, A.I. Goldman, Ed. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993). 13. D.F. Sherry, L.F. Jacobs, and S.J. Gaulin, Spatial memory and adaptive specialization of the hippocampus, Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 298-303 (1992). 14. K. Schmidt-Koenig, J.U. Ganzhorn, and R. Ranvaud, The sun compass, in Orientation in Birds, P. Berthold, Ed. (Birkh? user-Verlag, Basel, Switzerland, 1991).
Influence of increased fruit and vegetable intake on plasma and lipoprotein carotenoids and LDL oxidation in smokers and nonsmokers.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest a cardioprotective role for carotenoid-rich foods. Smokers have a high risk of cardiovascular disease and low dietary intake and plasma concentrations of carotenoids. The aim of this study was to determine the carotenoid response of smokers and nonsmokers to increased intake of 300-400 g of vegetables and its effect on LDL oxidation. METHODS After a depletion period of 8 days, 34 healthy females (18 nonsmokers, 16 smokers) were supplemented with beta-carotene- and lutein-rich (green) and lycopene-rich (red) vegetable foods, each for 7 days. RESULTS Baseline concentrations (mean +/- SD) of plasma beta-carotene (0.203+/-0.28 micromol/L vs. 0.412+/-0.34 micromol/L; P <0.005) and lutein (0.180 +/-0.10 vs. 0.242+/-0.11 micromol/L; P<0.05) but not lycopene (0.296+/-0.10 vs. 0.319+/-0.33 micromol/L) were significantly lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers. After supplementation, the change (supplementation minus depletion) in plasma beta-carotene (0.152+/- 0.43 vs. 0.363+/-0.29 micromol/L in smokers vs. nonsmokers; P = 0.002) and LDL lutein (0.015+/-0.03 vs. 0.029+/-0.03 micromol/mmol cholesterol; P = 0.01) was significantly lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Green-vegetable supplementation had no effect on the resistance of LDL to oxidation (lag-phase) in either group. After red-vegetable supplementation, plasma and LDL lycopene concentrations were increased in both groups, but only nonsmokers showed a significant increase in the lag-phase (44.9+/-9.5 min at baseline, 41.4+/-6.5 min after depletion, and 49.0+/-8.9 min after supplementation; P<0.01) compared with depletion. CONCLUSIONS In this short-term intervention study, a dietary intake of >40 mg/day of lycopene by a group of nonsmoking individuals significantly reduced the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, whereas an equivalent increase in lycopene by a group of smokers showed no such effect.
A Community of Strangers: Supporting Drug Recovery Through Community Development and Freirean Pedagogy

This article explores the educational journey of one man from leaving school in the mid-1970s, at the age of 14, through a period of chaotic drug use, and on to developing his career helping other chaotic drug users back into a “normal” life. Although focused on someone with drug dependency as part of his history, the article exposes issues that potentially underlie the experiences of many learners within working-class communities. In particular, it examines the role of formal and informal education, considers education's ability to liberate or domesticate (Freire, 1972), and examines approaches to learning that support recovery and transformation.