Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Robotic Systems on Cytotoxic Drug Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Objectives: With the increased prevalence of patients with cancer, the demand for preparing cytotoxic drugs was increased by health-system pharmacists. To reduce the workload and contamination of work areas in pharmacies, compounding robots preparing cytotoxic drugs have been introduced, and the use of the robots has been expanded in recent years. As reports on the comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of compounding robots remain lacking, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide descriptive and quantitative evaluations of the accuracy of preparing injectable cytotoxic drugs. Materials and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using published studies up to 2020. To identify eligible studies, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were used. All studies reporting the outcomes relevant to drug-compounding robots such as accuracy, safety, and drug contamination were included. Outcomes from included studies were descriptively summarized. Drug contamination by the robot was quantitatively analyzed using the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS). Results: A total of 14 compounding robot studies were eligible for review and 4 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Robotic compounding showed failure rates of 0.9–16.75%, while the accuracy range was set at 5%. Two studies reported that robotic compounding needed more time than manual compounding, two reported that robotic compounding needed less time, and one just reported preparation time without a control group. In a meta-analysis regarding the contamination of the compounding area, manual compounding was associated with lower contamination, although the result was not statistically significant (OR 4.251, 95% CI 0.439–51.772). For the contamination of infusion bags, the robot was associated with lower contamination (OR 0.176, 95% CI 0.084–0.365). Conclusions: Robotic compounding showed better accuracy than manual compounding and, without control groups, showed a high accuracy rate and also reduced the risk of drug contamination and compounding workload. The preparation time of the robot was not consistent because the type of robot and introduced system were different. In conclusion, robotic compounding showed mixed results compared to the manual compounding of drugs, so the system should be introduced considering the risks and benefits of robots.
Co-Transplantation of Barcoded Lymphoid-Primed Multipotent (LMPP) and Common Lymphocyte (CLP) Progenitors Reveals a Major Contribution of LMPP to the Lymphoid Lineage

T cells have the potential to maintain immunological memory and self-tolerance by recognizing antigens from pathogens or tumors. In pathological situations, failure to generate de novo T cells causes immunodeficiency resulting in acute infections and complications. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) transplantation constitutes a valuable option to restore proper immune function. However, delayed T cell reconstitution is observed compared to other lineages. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a new approach to identify populations with efficient lymphoid reconstitution properties. To this end, we use a DNA barcoding strategy based on the insertion into a cell chromosome of a lentivirus (LV) carrying a non-coding DNA fragment named barcode (BC). These will segregate through cell divisions and be present in cells’ progeny. The remarkable characteristic of the method is that different cell types can be tracked simultaneously in the same mouse. Thus, we in vivo barcoded LMPP and CLP progenitors to test their ability to reconstitute the lymphoid lineage. Barcoded progenitors were co-grafted in immuno-compromised mice and their fate analyzed by evaluating the BC composition in transplanted mice. The results highlight the predominant role of LMPP progenitors for lymphoid generation and reveal valuable novel insights to be reconsidered in clinical transplantation assays.
Microbial Hyaluronic Acid Production: A Review

Microbial production of hyaluronic acid (HA) is an area of research that has been gaining attention in recent years due to the increasing demand for this biopolymer for several industrial applications. Hyaluronic acid is a linear, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is widely distributed in nature and is mainly composed of repeating units of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. It has a wide and unique range of properties such as viscoelasticity, lubrication, and hydration, which makes it an attractive material for several industrial applications such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices. This review presents and discusses the available fermentation strategies to produce hyaluronic acid.
Rotated texture classification by improved iterative morphological decomposition

An improved algorithm based on iterative morphological decomposition (IMD) proposed by Wang et al. (1993) is described. The proposed algorithm requires less computation than the original IMD algorithm. The improved iterative morphological decomposition (IIMD) is compared with granulometric moments, multiresolution rotation-invariant SAR (MRRISAR) models and multichannel Gabor filters. It is found that IIMD is superior to granulometric moments and MRRISAR in rotated texture classification. IIMD may also perform better than multichannel Gabor filters by employing many different kinds of structuring elements. In the study, three kinds of pseudo rotation-invariant structuring elements, namely the disc, octagon and square, as well as a line structuring element are tested. Since the line structuring element is rotation-variant in nature, the image is rotated to different orientations of equal angular separation to find a set of primitive features. A Fourier transform is then applied to convert these features to rotation-invariant. An accuracy rate as high as 96% is achieved in classifying 30 classes of textured images in the experiment. It is also demonstrated that using both the normalised variance and the mean can give better classification accuracy rate than using both the variance and the mean when classified by simplified Bayes or Mahalanobis distance measure.
Dependence of the second-order scalar structure function on the Schmidt number

In this Brief Communication we consider the dependence of 〈(δθ)2〉, the second-order moment of the passive scalar increment, on the Schmidt number Sc, using direct numerical simulation data for decaying homogeneous turbulence over the range 0.07⩽Sc⩽7. Independently of Sc, Batchelor-normalized distributions of 〈(δθ)2〉 converge when the separation r approaches the Batchelor length scale. As Sc increases above 1, the shape of 〈(δθ)2〉 becomes inflectional, but the range of r for which 〈(δθ)2〉 may be considered to approach a plateau is not readily identifiable with the convective–diffusive range predicted by Batchelor [J. Fluid Mech. 5, 113 (1959)].
Analysis of 5G Smart Communication Base Station Doppler-Smoothed Pseudorange Single-Point Geodesic Positioning Accuracy

With the continuous development of mobile communication and satellite navigation technologies, the positioning requirements of 5G smart communication base stations are becoming higher and higher. With the opening of GNSS raw observation data, research on the positioning of a 5G smart communication base station has become a research hotspot in the surveying and mapping disciplines. In this paper, based on the GNSS observation data of the 5G smart communication base station, the quality of the original GNSS observation data of the 5G smart communication base station is studied and analyzed. A method based on Doppler smoothing pseudorange solves the problem that the original pseudorange observation values of the 5G smart communication base station are noisy and prone to multipath errors due to the limitations of the base station chips and processes, which makes the traditional data processing methods unable to meet the demand for higher accuracy positioning. This method uses Doppler observations to smooth the pseudorange and determines the Doppler smoothing strategy and closure values to improve the data quality. The experimental data show that Doppler smoothing pseudorange can improve data quality and positioning accuracy by 67.9% in the E direction, 64.8% in the N direction, and 65.5% in the U direction. The future world will develop in the direction of intelligence, and the wireless network 5G technology used to support the construction of this intelligent system will become the core driver for the development of a leading intelligent society. 5G network signals have higher reliability and lower latency and can meet the specific needs of smart manufacturing, autonomous driving, and other industrial applications. This new base station product can meet the construction needs of future 5G base stations, adapt to the future intensive, miniaturized, intelligent station construction mode, and realize safe and fast station construction, providing the necessary hardware support for 5G network coverage.
Perception and analysis of Spanish accents in English speech

The purpose of the present study was to determine what relates most closely to the degree of perceived foreign accent in the English speech of native Spanish speakers: intonation, vowel length, stress, voice onset time (VOT), or segmental accuracy. Nineteen native English speaking listeners rated speech samples from 7 native English speakers and 15 native Spanish speakers for comprehensibility and degree of foreign accent. The speech samples were analyzed spectrographically and perceptually to obtain numerical values for each variable. Correlation coefficients were computed to determine the relationship beween these values and the average foreign accent scores. Results showed that the average foreign accent scores were statistically significantly correlated with three variables: the length of stressed vowels (r=−0.48, p=0.05), voice onset time (r =−0.62, p=0.01), and segmental accuracy (r=0.92, p=0.001). Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Updates on Biodegradable Formulations for Ocular Drug Delivery

The complex nature of the ocular drug delivery barrier presents a significant challenge to the effective administration of drugs, resulting in poor therapeutic outcomes. To address this issue, it is essential to investigate new drugs and alternative delivery routes and vehicles. One promising approach is the use of biodegradable formulations to develop potential ocular drug delivery technologies. These include hydrogels, biodegradable microneedles, implants, and polymeric nanocarriers such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanomicelles, and nanoemulsions. The research in these areas is rapidly growing. In this review, we provide an overview of recent updates in biodegradable formulations for ocular drug delivery over the past decade. Additionally, we examine the clinical use of different biodegradable formulations in various ocular diseases. The aim of this review is to gain a deeper understanding of potential future trends in biodegradable ocular drug delivery systems and to raise awareness of their potential for practical clinical application as a means of providing new treatment options for ocular diseases.
Chromatic polymorphism in Trichomycterus albinotatus (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), a mountain catfish from south-eastern Brazil and the role of colouration characters in trichomycterine taxonomy

Colouration is an important tool for systematists inferring species limits and phylogenetic relationships of teleost fishes, but the use of colouration variation in trichomycterine catfish systematics has generated some controversy. We first report and describe the occurrence of four, geographically disjunct colour morphs in Trichomycterus albinotatus, endemic to south-eastern Brazil, as well as ontogenetic colouration change in each morph. A phylogenetic analysis using a cytb fragment (1098 bp) for 23 specimens representing all colour morphs and four outgroups did not support any correlation between colour morphs and lineages, with different colour morphs sharing identical haplotypes. This study indicated that young adult specimens found in lighter habitats had white and brown to black spots on the flank, whereas similar-sized specimens inhabiting darker habitats had white spots inconspicuous or absent and dark brown or black spots expanded. Individuals above about 65 mm SL of all populations had flank white marks less conspicuous or absent and cryptic habits during daylight, contrasting with smaller individuals with white marks and actively swimming above the substrate. Literature data indicate that ontogenetic colouration and habit changes occur in different trichomycterid lineages. Our data thus show that colouration may be problematic in taxonomical studies, although often being consistently used to diagnose species and clades. We conclude that colouration should not be discarded a priori as evidence of trichomycterine relationships and species limits, but should be used with caution in systematic studies, being necessary additional evidence, such as osteological characters or molecular data.
Methods and arrangement for the determination of crack-depths in ultrasonic non destructive testing

A method of determining depth propagation of a defect in a body by ultrasonic materials testing wherein a first angle probe having an ultrasonic wave transmitting oscillator produces a scatter signal at structural inhomogeneities of a body formed with a defect and the scatter signal is received by an ultrasonic wave receiving oscillator of a second angle probe, which includes: transmitting an ultrasonic wave at a first angle along a first line in direction towards the defect so that the scatter signal thereat is shadowed by the defect and diminished in intensity; receiving the diminished signal from the defect at a second angle in a direction along a second line intersecting with the first line at a defect, transmitting additional ultrasonic waves and receiving diminished scatter signals along respective lines intersecting at the defect at varying depths of the body and ascertaining the depth propagation of the defect by a marked increase in intensity of the received signal when the intersection of the respective lines along which the ultrasonic wave is transmitted and the scatter signal is received reach beyond the innermost limit of the defect.
Objective evaluation of sound quality for attacks on robust audio watermarking

Various attacks on robust audio watermarking have been proposed. Excessive intentional modifications and/or perceptual coding to the distributed stego audio degrades sound quality and can prevent the extraction of hidden data so that piracy detection systems using automated watermarking and crawling are disrupted. Reversible signal processing attacks, such as linear speed changes, also degrade the sound quality of distributed stego audio. However, the inverse processing of the reversible processing attack can recover the original sound quality of the audio received after illegal distribution. Therefore, the degradation of sound quality induced by perceptual codecs and reversible processing attacks followed by inverse processing should be considered to determine whether the intensity of these attacks is realistic. In this study, objective audio quality measurement was applied to audio signals, including typical perceptual coding, MP3, tandem MP3, and MPEG4AAC, and reversible signal processing techniques, i.
On chip microfluidic separation of cyclotides

Cyclotides as a cyclic peptide produced by different groups of plants have been a very attractive field of research due to their exceptional properties in biological activities and drug design applications. The importance of cyclotides as new biological activities from nature caused to attract researchers to develop new separation systems. Recent growth and development on chip-based technology for separation and bioassay especially for anticancer having sparklingly advantages comparison with common traditional methods. In this study, the microfluidic separation of Vigno 1–5 cyclotides extracted from Viola ignobilis by using polar and nonpolar forces as a liquid-liquid interaction was investigated through modified microfluidic chips and then the results were compared with a traditional counterpart technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The traditional process of separating cyclotides from plants is a costly and time-consuming procedure. The scientific novelty of this study is to accelerate the separation of cyclotides using modified microfluidic chips with low cost and high efficiency. The results revealed that a novel and simple microfluidic chip concept is an effective approach for separating the Vigno groups in the violet extract. We believe that the concept could potentially be utilized for further drug development process especially for anticancer studies by coupling bioassay chips as online procedures via reducing in time and cost compared with traditional offline methods.
Stochastic theory of a fluid model of producers and consumers coupled by a buffer

This paper analyzes, derives efficient computational procedures and numerically investigates the following fluid model which is of interest in manufacturing and communications: m producing machines supply a buffer, n consuming machines feed off it. Each machine independently alternates between exponentially distributed random periods in the ‘in service' and ‘failed' states. Producers/consumers have their own failure/repair rates and working capacities. When the buffer is either full or empty some of the machines in service are not utilized to capacity; otherwise they are fully utilized. Our main result is for the state distribution of the Markovian system in equilibrium which is the solution of a system of differential equations. The spectral expansion for its solution is obtained. Two important decompositions are obtained: the eigenvectors have the Kronecker-product form in lower-dimensional vectors; the characteristic polynomial is factored with each factor an explicitly given polynomial of degree at most 4. All eigenvalues are real. For each of various cases of the model, a system of linear equations is derived from the boundary conditions; their solution complete the spectral expansion. The count in operations of the entire procedure is O(m 3 n 3): independence from buffer size exemplifies an important attraction of fluid models. Computations have revealed several interesting features, such as the benefit of small machines and the inelasticity of production rate to inventory. We also give results on the eigenvalues of a more general fluid model, reversible Markov drift processes.
The Identification of Potential Immunogenic Antigens in Particular Active Developmental Stages of the Rice Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)

Background: The rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) originates from subtropical and tropical areas of Asia and Africa, but it also appears on other continents, mostly as a result of trade in rice. It may occur in grain fields as well as in storage facilities, and cause allergenic reactions. The aim of this study was to identify the potential antigens in all developmental stages of S. oryzae, which may cause an allergic response in humans. Methods: Sera of 30 patients were tested for the presence of IgE antibodies to antigens from three life stages of the rice weevil. To identify protein fractions containing potential allergens, proteins collected from larvae, pupae, and adults separated by sex of S. oryzae were fractionated by SDS-PAGE. Then, they were probed with anti-human, anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies, fractionated by SDS-PAGE and detected by Western blotting. Results: In total, 26 protein fractions of males and 22 fractions of other life stages of S. oryzae (larvae, pupae, and females) positively reacted with the examined sera. Conclusions: The conducted study showed that S. oryzae may be a source of many antigens which may cause the potential allergic reactions in humans.
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF SOLUTIONS TO CERTAIN PROBLEMS INVOLVING NON-LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS CONTAINING A?SMALL PARAMETER MULTIPLYING THE HIGHEST DERIVATIVES

CONTENTS IntroductionChapter I. Asymptotically stable case. Asymptotic behaviour of the solution to the initial-value problem § 1. Passage to the limit in the Cauchy problem § 2. Construction of the asymptotic expansionChapter II. Asymptotically stable case. Problems that can be investigated on the basis of the asymptotic behaviour found for the Cauchy problem § 1. Two-point boundary-value problem. The solution for which, in the limit, z has a discontinuity at one end of the interval § 2. Two-point boundary-value problem. The solution for which, in the limit, z has a discontinuity at an interior point of the interval § 3. Problems with other supplementary conditions § 4. The solution for which, in the limit, y has a discontinuity at one end of the intervalChapter III. Hyperbolic case § 1. Periodic solutions § 2. Two-point boundary-value problem. The solution for which, in the limit, z has a discontinuity at the ends of the interval § 3. Two-point boundary-value problem. The solution for which, in the limit, z has a discontinuity at several interior points of the intervalReferences
Prognostic models for survival and consciousness in patients with primary brainstem hemorrhage

Objectives Primary brainstem hemorrhage (PBSH) is one of the most catastrophic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage diseases, with a mortality rate of 70–80%. We explored the predictive factors for survival and consciousness in patients with PBSH (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04910490). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 211 patients with PBSH admitted to our institution between January 2014 and October 2020. Clinical outcomes included the 30-day survival rate and the 90-day consciousness rate as evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. Results The overall 30-day survival rate of 211 patients with PBSH was 70%. Several predictive factors including hematoma volume, hematoma location, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) upon admission, and therapeutic strategy were significantly related to 30-day survival. Compared with conservative treatment, stereotactic aspiration in our prediction model is strongly associated with improved 30-day survival (odds ratio, 6.67; 95% confidence interval, 3.13–14.29; P < 0.001). The prognosis prediction model of 90-day consciousness including factors such as mydriasis, APTT value, hematoma location, and hematoma volume upon admission has a good predictive effect (AUC, 0.835; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–0.89; P < 0.001). Conclusion In patients with PBSH, conscious state upon admission, coagulation function, hematoma volume, hematoma location, and therapeutic strategy were significantly associated with prognosis. Stereotactic aspiration could significantly reduce the 30-day mortality rate.