Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High perceived stress is associated with unfavorable eating behavior in overweight and obese Finns of working age

34 Stress-related eating may be a potential factor in the obesity epidemic. Rather little is known about how 35 stress associates with eating behavior and food intake in overweight individuals in a free-living situation. 36 Thus, the present study aims to investigate this question in psychologically distressed overweight and obese 37 working-aged Finns. 38 The study is a cross-sectional baseline analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Of the 339 study 39 participants, those with all the needed data available (n=297, 84% females) were included. The mean age 40 was 48.9 y (SD=7.6) and mean body mass index 31.3 kg/m (SD=3.0). Perceived stress and eating behavior 41 were assessed by self-reported questionnaires Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Intuitive Eating Scale, the 42 Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, Health and Taste Attitude Scales and ecSatter Inventory. Diet and 43 alcohol consumption were assessed by 48-h dietary recall, Index of Diet Quality, and AUDIT-C. 44 Individuals reporting most perceived stress (i.e. in the highest PSS tertile) had less intuitive eating, more 45 uncontrolled eating, and more emotional eating compared to those reporting less perceived stress (p<0.05). 46 Moreover, individuals in the highest PSS tertile reported less cognitive restraint and less eating competence 47 than those in the lowest tertile (p<0.05). Intake of whole grain products was the lowest among those in the 48 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 highest PSS tertile (p<0.05). Otherwise the quality of diet and alcohol consumption did not differ among the 49 PSS tertiles. 50 In conclusion, high perceived stress was associated with the features of eating behavior that could in turn 51 contribute to difficulties in weight management. Stress-related way of eating could thus form a potential risk 52 factor for obesity. More research is needed to develop efficient methods for clinicians to assist in handling 53 stress-related eating in the treatment of obese people. 54
The Effect of Homomorphic Encryption on Voter Perceptions of The Effect of Homomorphic Encryption on Voter Perceptions of Trust on Election Systems Trust on Election Systems

Over the last few years, election integrity has become a pivotal topic of discussion in popular media and political circles (Shanahan, 2023; Reimann, 2022). The causes for this have been diverse and might stem from propaganda, public perception, the 24-hour news cycle, or partisan messaging. Regardless of the cause, ensuring the results are accurate is critical to beginning the counter message that elections do indeed have integrity. Ensuring the voting machines are secure and getting voters to perceive the machine as secure is believed to play a big role in the security of US elections. One potential measure for securing the machines is the use of homomorphic encryption. This research continues work (Kaufman and Lapke, 2022) that examines this phenomenon of perceptions of election security. Qualitative data was collected to validate and support the quantitative data collected in prior research.
An Efﬁcient and Secure Cryptographic Algorithm Using Elliptic Curves and Max-Plus Algebra-Based Wavelet Transform

: With the advent of communication networks, protecting data from security threats has become increasingly important. To address this issue, we present a new text encryption scheme that uses a combination of elliptic curve cryptography and max-plus algebra-based wavelet transform to provide enhanced security and efﬁciency. The proposed encryption process consists of three main phases. In the ﬁrst phase, the plaintext is encoded using ASCII characters, followed by the introduction of diffusion in its representation. In the second phase, points are computed on an elliptic curve, and a mapping method is applied to introduce randomness into the data. Finally, in the third phase, the output is decomposed using a max-plus algebra-based wavelet transform to generate the ciphertext. We conduct a comprehensive security analysis of our scheme that includes NIST analysis, entropy analysis, correlation analysis, key space, key sensitivity, plaintext sensitivity, encryption quality, ciphertext-only attack, known-plaintext attack, chosen-plaintext attack, and chosen-ciphertext attack. The ﬁndings indicate that the proposed scheme exhibits excellent encryption quality, surpassing a value of 76, which is closer to the ideal value. Moreover, the sensitivity of the plaintext is greater than 91%, indicating its high sensitivity. The correlation between the plaintext and ciphertext is very close to the ideal value of zero. The encrypted texts exhibit a high level of randomness and meet the necessary criteria for a strong key space. These characteristics contribute to its superior security, providing protection against various cryptographic attacks. Additionally, the encryption process for a 5995-character plaintext only takes 0.047 s, while decryption requires 0.038 s. Our results indicate that the proposed scheme offers high levels of security while maintaining reasonable computational efﬁciency. Thus, it is suitable for secure text communication in various applications. Moreover, when compared with other state-of-the-art text encryption methods, our proposed scheme exhibits better resistance to modern cryptanalysis.
Visualizing the African Internet Topology from Measurement Data

This paper looks at internet topology visualization in the African context, by looking at the different steps involved from raw data collected from internet probing tools to having an entire internet topology that can then be used in visualization tools. We start by analysing what has been done by other researchers, comparing and contrasting the different literature in order to find unanswered questions and research gaps that still need attention. Next, we will then look at one chosen unanswered question to identify how it can be answered.
An Exploratory Study of Community Stakeholder Needs: Opioid Overdose Prevention and Intervention

Distribution of naloxone rescue kits is a targeted intervention and prevention strategy for the opioid epidemic. States have enacted legislation aimed at expanding access and limiting liability for use of naloxone for overdose reversal. With increased access comes a responsibility to educate community members. Community guided participatory research can help gauge educational needs and provide lived experiences to inform future training tools. The purpose of this study was to describe emergent themes from twenty-three focus groups conducted with five stakeholder groups to explore opioid overdose prevention and intervention in one Pennsylvania County. While each stakeholder groups brought forth a set of themes related to their unique per - spectives on the opioid crisis, analysis of the entire data set revealed a set of three overarching “umbrella” themes— knowledge gaps, treatment gaps and communication gaps—that study participants agreed must be addressed with training opportunities. Each stakeholder group had a dominant emergent theme: 1) national naloxone trainers: Access to populations needing information; 2) first responders: Reducing risk to self and community; 3) behavioral health specialists: Transition of care needs; 4) family members/loved ones: information about how to help; and 5) individuals who had experienced overdose: How to improve recovery success. This study illustrates how bridging science with community engagement aligns with health equity principles and can contribute to understanding where gaps in knowledge, treatment and communication exist and therefore be used to inform policies, systems, and communities on opioid intervention, prevention, treatment, and education needs.
IoT-Based Health Monitoring Platform

Remote health monitoring is a trend for better health management which necessitates the need for secure monitoring and privacy-preservation of patient data. Moreover, accurate and continuous monitoring of personal health status may require expert validation in an active learning strategy. As a result, this paper proposes a Federated Interactive Learning IoT-based Health Monitoring Platform (FIL-IoT-HMP) which incorporates multi-expert feedback as ‘Human-in-the-loop’ in an active learning strategy in order to improve the clients’ Machine Learning (ML) models. The authors have proposed an architecture and conducted an experiment as a proof of concept. Federated learning approach has been preferred in this context given that it strengthens privacy by allowing the global model to be trained while sensitive data is retained at the local edge nodes. Also, each model’s accuracy is improved while privacy and security of data has been upheld.
Salsa Fresca: Angular Embeddings and Pre-Training for ML Attacks on Learning With Errors

Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem underlying recently standardized post-quantum cryptography (PQC) systems for key exchange and digital signatures. Prior work proposed new machine learning (ML)-based attacks on LWE problems with small, sparse secrets, but these attacks require millions of LWE samples to train on and take days to recover secrets. We propose three key methods -- better preprocessing, angular embeddings and model pre-training -- to improve these attacks, speeding up preprocessing by $25\times$ and improving model sample efficiency by $10\times$. We demonstrate for the first time that pre-training improves and reduces the cost of ML attacks on LWE. Our architecture improvements enable scaling to larger-dimension LWE problems: this work is the first instance of ML attacks recovering sparse binary secrets in dimension $n=1024$, the smallest dimension used in practice for homomorphic encryption applications of LWE where sparse binary secrets are proposed.
Cooling on the Move The future of air conditioning in vehicles

Air conditioners in passenger cars, vans, buses and freight trucks – collectively known as mobile air conditioning – consume large amounts of energy. The fuel they use and their leaks of refrigerant are also responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. This report explores the current global energy consumption from mobile air conditioning systems, along with the resulting greenhouse gas emissions from the energy consumption and the leaking refrigerants. With no further policy action, energy use from mobile air conditioning may almost triple to over 5.7 million barrels of oil equivalent per day by 2050. At the same time, annual combined emissions from energy consumption and refrigerant leakage could more than triple to 1 300 million tons of CO 2 equivalent. The report provides a summary review of the technical opportunities for improving the efficiency of mobile air conditioning. This is complemented with a review of the different types of alternative cooling refrigerants, and their potential impact on global warming. These two analyses are combined to develop a scenario of high efficiency and low global warming potential. The report’s analysis is based on a study of the literature and makes use of the IEA’s Mobility Model, which provides insights into the current and expected future stock of road vehicles. Finally, the report explores the role government policy can play in supporting the development and installation of more efficient mobile air conditioning systems.
As long as you’re resilient you’ll succeed : School disaffected adolescents’ perspectives on their willingness to engage in high injury-risk graffiti-writing activities

A lack of sense of school belonging can be a destabilising aspect in disaffected students’ lives, so much so that they will often seek an alternative sense of belonging outside of the school arena. Gaining out-of-school acceptance within the non-conforming, graffiti sub-culture is dependent upon proving one’s worth through willing engagement in visual acts of high-risk daring. This exemplar study examines the health-risk injuries sustained by eight adolescent crew leaders within the graffiti subculture. The study’s findings reveal four reoccurring sources of graffiti-related injury (ie. t agging hard-to-reach places, fighting rival crews, graffing under the influence , and eluding Police capture ). A second finding emanating out of the study is the perception among teenage crew leaders that they needed to be seen to be resilient, in terms of overcoming their graffiti sustained injuries, if they are to succeed in their desire of maintaining their status both within their crew and broader graffiti youth subculture. Finally, the societal need to establish a non-conforming/delinquent bridging pathway to social inclusion is discussed.
Determining factors for tourist satisfaction in inland destinations: Impact on the depopulation problem

Depopulation is currently a major problem in Spain, especially in inland areas. Tourism can help alleviate this problem. Therefore, competitive advantages must be enhanced by developing a capable and sustainable tourism model that can lead to the desired level of development in a given geographical area. A powerful decision-making and diagnostic tool was created for the tourism industry in the Burgos Province, Spain to identify the key factors in tourist satisfaction, which can influence the decision to recommend and revisit a destination. This study presents this tool and a theoretical model of tourism satisfaction. The findings emphasize the significance of the perception that tourists have of the quality of a destination's goods and services and its impact on satisfaction. Enhancing tourist satisfaction can have important implications for improving tourism management and, consequently, addressing the depopulation problem.
Analysis of marketing strategic issues at Amazon

: The objective of this study is to focus on analysing Amazon's current marketing situation while taking into account its recent results, as well as gathering information on the company and market's current situations, and finally proposing an optimal marketing strategy in accordance with the company's further documents and recommendations. The goal of this analytical and interpretive case study is to figure out what marketing techniques are required for success in a world where the pandemic is expanding, and corporations are failing. Furthermore, the aim of this research is also to discuss generic marketing plans and tactics that other corporations might adopt. The main objectives of our research are to provide possible benefit to both the scientific and business sectors, and to develop a market strategy that will be effective in the future. By examining marketing techniques for Amazon profitability, this qualitative study may contribute significant knowledge on how executives might apply good business practices. Small business executives may also be able to use the information gained from the research findings to enhance business operations, as well as uncover and assess elements that encourage innovative approaches to increase sales, efficiency, and market share. Executives may be able to use the data produced from the data instrument to discover client demands, assess market trends, and predict marketing and product plans for their businesses based on the responses obtained from the data instrument.
ROBUST CONTROL OF FREE-FLYING SPACE MANIPULATOR FOR CAPTURING UNCONTROLLED TUMBLING OBJECTS

In-orbit servicing (IOS) and active debris removal (ADR) are crucial for extending the life of satellites and addressing space debris. Autonomous spacecraft equipped with robotic arms can capture and detumble resident space objects. A combined strategy that controls the spacecraft base and robotic arm together is proposed to address the pre-capture phase, where the goal is to approach with the arm end-effector a point on an uncontrolled tumbling spacecraft. A recursive method is applied to the dynamic model of the space robot to fully capture the dynamic coupling between its elements in a computationally efficient way. The proposed control design consists in using nonlinear control laws, based on extensions of the well–known computed torque controller to space robots, together with a systematic tuning procedure based on the structured 𝐻 ∞ framework. As the control law is designed in the joint space but the control objective is formulated in the task space, a closed-loop inverse kinematic solver is included in design. A robustness analysis is performed with respect to rigid-body uncertainties and sloshing effects. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated on a representative scenario for capturing an uncontrolled tumbling object using a nonlinear dynamical model.
Effect of Bionic Crab Shell Attitude Parameters on Lift and Drag in a Flow Field

Underwater bionic-legged robots encounter significant challenges in attitude, velocity, and positional control due to lift and drag in water current environments, making it difficult to balance operational efficiency with motion stability. This study delves into the hydrodynamic properties of a bionic crab robot’s shell, drawing inspiration from the sea crab’s motion postures. It further refines the robot’s underwater locomotion strategy based on these insights. Initially, the research involved collecting attitude data from crabs during underwater movement through biological observation. Subsequently, hydrodynamic simulations and experimental validations of the bionic shell were conducted, examining the impact of attitude parameters on hydrodynamic performance. The findings reveal that the transverse angle predominantly influences lift and drag. Experiments in a test pool with a crab-like robot, altering transverse angles, demonstrated that increased transverse angles enhance the robot’s underwater walking efficiency, stability, and overall performance.
Two Recent Storm-surge Episodes In The Adriatic

In the recent past, two intensive episodes of high sea level occurred in the Adriatic, which affected particularly the eastern coast of the basin. The events happened on 1 December 2008 and on 1 November 2012 when the eastern-coast station Bakar recorded the two highest water levels in its operational history. Interestingly, the episodes were of milder intensity in Venice, situated at the opposite coast. The question is: why these events were so pronounced along the eastern shore and was there specific meteorological background favouring stronger flooding of the eastern Adriatic coast? The study was carried out using hourly sea-level series along both sides of the basin and ECMWF reanalysis of air pressure and wind fields. Sea level was attributed to four processes: low-frequency variability, tide, pre-existing basin-wide seiche and storm-surge activity and respective contributions to high sea-level formations were evaluated. The effects of meteorological forcings over the basin were analysed by calculating along-and across-basin wind stress with respect to local bathymetry. The two marine storms were outcome of fine interplay between the four mentioned processes. During the 2008 flood, storm-surge activity was dominant while the other components reinforced the maximum. In the 2012 episode, storm surge was intensive at most stations, but relative timing of all the components was more complex. Results also revealed one common feature that was crucial for both floods being stronger along the eastern Adriatic coast. Specifically, presence of Sirocco-wind shear induced higher-than-usual water level rise along the eastern coast while transverse component of wind had a relatively small effect. This means that, at least in these two extreme episodes, transverse sea-level slope in the Adriatic was more sensitive to shear of longitudinal component of wind than to wind’s direction.
Assessing Drought Vulnerability of the Alberta: A Deep Learning Approach for Hydro-climatological Analysis

: This study investigates the vulnerability of Alberta province in Canada to extreme weather events, particularly drought, which has historically caused significant financial losses. Accurate simulating techniques are crucial for obtaining reliable results to identify trends and patterns in Alberta climatology. In this study, 4 monthly synoptic station data spanning 35 years (1979 to 2014) using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to analyze patterns of precipitation. Additionally, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to identify drought severity at different time scales SPI (3, 6, 12). The results demonstrate that drought occurrences have been observed in the Southern part of Alberta, with rising tendencies in larger areas such as Calgary agricultural areas are prone to severe drought.
Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology

Are people in interdependent cultures more accurate at perceiving people’s emotional expressions? One problem with testing this question is that people tend to be more accurate at perceiving emotions of people of their own ethnic group. That makes it impossible to test East-West cultural diﬀerences using the same emotion pictures. We got around this problem by testing for cultural diﬀerences between southern and northern China. Southern China traditionally farmed rice, which requires more interdependence than the wheat farming of northern China. Paying more attention to people’s emotions may have been useful in rice cultures because farmers had to manage shared irrigation networks and exchange labor more than wheat farmers. In Study 1, students who had grown up in rice-farming provinces guessed people’s emotions in the Mind in the Eyes test more accurately than people who had grown up in wheat-farming provinces. In Study 2, we tested students from 13 prefectures (similar to US counties) in a single province along China’s rice-wheat border. People from the rice side of the border perceived emotions more accurately than people from the wheat side. These results connect a long-term ecological cause (rice farming) to a modern psychological outcome (emotion perception). These results also oﬀer an explanation for broader cultural diﬀerences in emotion perception.