Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shearing black holes and scans of the quark matter phase diagram

Future facilities such as FAIR and NICA are expected to produce collisions of heavy ions generating quark–gluon plasmas (QGPs) with large values of the quark chemical potential; peripheral collisions in such experiments will also lead to large values of the angular momentum density, associated with the internal shearing motion of the plasma. It is well known that shearing motions in fluids can lead to instabilities which cause a transition from laminar to turbulent flow, and such instabilities in the QGP have recently attracted some attention. We set up a holographic model of this situation by constructing a gravitational dual system exhibiting an instability which is indeed triggered by shearing angular momentum in the bulk. We show that holography indicates that the transition to an unstable fluid happens more quickly as one scans across the quark matter phase diagram towards large values of the chemical potential. This may have negative consequences for the observability of quark polarization effects.
Unified parameter for localization in isotope-selective rotational excitation of diatomic molecules using a train of optical pulses

We obtained a simple theoretical unified parameter for the characterization of rotational population propagation of diatomic molecules in a periodic train of resonant optical pulses. The parameter comprises the peak intensity and interval between the pulses, and the level energies of the initial and final rotational states of the molecule. Using the unified parameter, we can predict the upper and lower boundaries of probability localization on the rotational level network, including the effect of centrifugal distortion. The unified parameter was tentatively derived from an analytical expression obtained by performing rotating-wave approximation and spectral decomposition of the time-dependent Schr\"{o}dinger equation under an assumption of time-order invariance. The validity of the parameter was confirmed by comparison with numerical simulations for isotope-selective rotational excitation of KCl molecules.
Topology of Gleason Parts in Maximal Ideal Spaces with no Analytic Discs

Abstract We strengthen, in various directions, the theorem of Garnett that every $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$-compact, completely regular space $X$ occurs as a Gleason part for some uniform algebra. In particular, we show that the uniform algebra can always be chosen so that its maximal ideal space contains no analytic discs. We show that when the space $X$ is metrizable, the uniform algebra can be chosen so that its maximal ideal space is metrizable as well. We also show that for every locally compact subspace $X$ of a Euclidean space, there is a compact set $K$ in some $\mathbb{C}^{N}$ so that $\widehat{K}\backslash K$ contains a Gleason part homeomorphic to $X$, and $\widehat{K}$ contains no analytic discs.
Plaquette valence-bond solid in the square-lattice J 1 - J 2 antiferromagnet Heisenberg model: A bond operator approach

We study the plaquette valence-bond solid phase of the spin-1/2 J_1-J_2 antiferromagnet Heisenberg model on the square lattice within the bond-operator theory. We start by considering four S = 1/2 spins on a single plaquette and determine the bond operator representation for the spin operators in terms of singlet, triplet, and quintet boson operators. The formalism is then applied to the J_1-J_2 model and an effective interacting boson model in terms of singlets and triplets is derived. The effective model is analyzed within the harmonic approximation and the previous results of Zhitomirsky and Ueda [Phys. Rev. B 54, 9007 (1996)] are recovered. By perturbatively including cubic (triplet-triplet-triplet and singlet-triplet-triplet) and quartic interactions, we find that the plaquette valence-bond solid phase is stable within the parameter region 0.34 0.48 J_1, it is related to a singlet-singlet excitation at the X = (pi/2,0) point of the tetramerized Brillouin zone.
On Ranks of Jacobian Varieties in Prime Degree Extensions

In Dokchitser (2007) it is shown that given an elliptic curve $E$ defined over a number field $K$ then there are infinitely many degree 3 extensions $L/K$ for which the rank of $E(L)$ is larger than $E(K)$. In the present paper we show that the same is true if we replace 3 by any prime number. This result follows from a more general result establishing a similar property for the Jacobian varieties associated with curves defined by an equation of the shape $g(y) = f(x)$ where $f$ and $g$ are polynomials of coprime degree.
The Temporal Requirements of Directly Observing Self-gravitating Spiral Waves in Protoplanetary Disks with ALMA

We investigate how the detectability of signatures of self-gravity in a protoplanetary disk depends on its temporal evolution. We run a one-dimensional model for secular timescales to follow the disk mass as a function of time. We then combine this with three-dimensional global hydrodynamics simulations that employ a hybrid radiative transfer method to approximate realistic heating and cooling. We simulate ALMA continuum observations of these systems and find that structures induced by the gravitational instability (GI) are readily detectable when q = Mdisk/M* ≳ 0.25 and Router ≲ 100 au. The high accretion rate generated by gravito-turbulence in such a massive disk drains its mass to below the detection threshold in ∼104 years, or approximately 1% of the typical disk lifetime. Therefore, disks with spiral arms detected in ALMA dust observations, if generated by self-gravity, must either be still receiving infall to maintain a high q value, or have just emerged from their natal envelope. Detection of substructure in systems with lower q is possible, but would require a specialist integration with the most extended configuration over several days. This disfavors the possibility of GI-caused spiral structure in systems with q < 0.25 being detected in relatively short integration times, such as those found in the DSHARP ALMA survey. We find no temporal dependence of detectability on dynamical timescales.
High-throughput single-nucleus hybrid sequencing reveals genome-transcriptome correlations in cancer

Single-cell genomic analyses can provide information on cellular mutation and tumor heterogeneity, whereas single-cell transcriptomic analyses can distinguish cell types and states. However, the disconnect between genomic and transcriptomic spaces limits our understanding of cancer development. To address this, we developed a novel high-throughput method that simultaneously captures both DNA and RNA from single nuclei and new algorithms for the quantitative clustering and filtering of single-cell data. We applied this hybrid protocol to 65,499 single nuclei extracted from frozen biopsies of five different endometrial cancer patients and separately clustered the genome and expression data. We also analyzed 34,651 and 21,432 nuclei using RNA-only and DNA-only protocols, respectively, from the same samples to verify the clustering. Multiple tumor genome and/or expression clusters were often present within an individual patient, and different tumor clones could project into distinct or shared expression states. Almost all possible genome-transcriptome correlations were observed in the cohort. Stromal clusters were largely shared between patients, but some patients possessed unique stromal components, or mutant stroma with a significant loss of the X chromosome. This study reveals the complex landscape involving genome and transcriptome interactions at single-cell level, and provides new insights into mutant stroma as a potential clinical biomarker.
Comparative Evaluation Of Clinical And Radiographic Horizontal Condylar Guidance Angle Values By Using Two Different Interocclusal Recording Materials In Dentulous Patients

Introduction: The success of prosthodontic procedures can be accurately determined by the exact replication of the patient’s condylar path using a semi-adjustable articulator. It allows the clinician to determine the morphology of the occlusal surfaces in relation to the condylar pathway during mandibular movements. If condylar guidance is not exactly registered, it might result in occlusal interferences during movements of the mandible and lengthen chairside adjustment time, which is inconvenient for the patient and dentist.Materials and methods: A total of 20 dentulous patients from 20 to 30 years of age group attending the department of prosthodontics at Sibar institute of dental sciences were selected for the study. Alu wax and jet bite were used to obtain the protrusive interocclusal record (PIR). Protrusive records were then used to program the semi-adjustable articulator to obtain HCGA values on both sides. Using the same protrusive records CBCT radiograph was taken. Radiographic images were traced on tracing paper and HCGA values were measured using Frankfort’s horizontal reference line (the line connecting porion and orbitale) and the mean curvature line (most-superior and most-inferior points of the curvatures) on both sides using a protractor. The data were analyzed by paired sample t-tests and Pearson’s correlation tests.Results: There was no significant difference between the right and left sides in the clinical and radiographic methods using Alu wax PIR. In the clinical method utilizing jet bite PIR, the right side had significantly higher HCGA values than on the left side. On CBCT, no such differences were found.Conclusion: CBCT horizontal condylar guidance angle values were higher than those obtained using the clinical method by using both records. Values obtained from both the methods, i.e., protrusive interocclusal record and cone-beam computed tomography, were compared and correlated.
A Novel Exact Solution of the 2+1-Dimensional Radial Dirac Equation for the Generalized Dirac Oscillator with the Inverse Potentials

The generalized Dirac oscillator as one of the exact solvable models in quantum mechanics was introduced in 2+1-dimensional world in this paper. What is more, the general expressions of the exact solutions for these models with the inverse cubic, quartic, quintic, and sixth power potentials in radial Dirac equation were further given by means of the Bethe ansatz method. And finally, the corresponding exact solutions in this paper were further discussed.
Quantum Computation with Topological Codes: From Qubit to Topological Fault-Tolerance

1 Introduction to quantum computation 1.1 Quantum bit and elementary operations 1.2 The Solovay-Kitaev algorithm 1.3 Multi-qubit gates 1.4 Universal quantum computation 1.5 Quantum algorithms 1.5.1 Indirect measurement and the Hadamard test 1.5. 2 Phase estimation, quantum Fourier transformation, and factorization 1.5. 3 A quantum algorithm to approximate Jones polynomial 1.6 Quantum noise 2 Stabilizer formalism and its applications 2.1 Stabilizer formalism 2.2 Clifford operations 2.3 Pauli basis measurements 2.4 Gottesman-Knill theorem 2.5 Graph states 2.6 Measurement-based quantum computation 2.7 Quantum error correction codes 2.8 Magic state distillation 2.8. 1 Knill-Laflamme-Zurek protocol 2.8. 2 Bravyi-Kitaev protocol 3 Topological stabilizer codes 3.1 Z2 chain complex 3.2 A bit-flip code: exercise 3.3 Definition of surface codes 3.3.1 Surface code on a torus: toric code 3.3.2 Planar surface code 3.4 Topological quantum error correction 3.5 Error correction and spin glass model 3.6 Other topological codes 3.7 Connection to topological order in condensed matter physics 4 Topological quantum computation 4.1 Defect pair qubits 4.2 Defect creation, annihilation, and movement4.3 Logical CNOT gate by braiding 4.4 Magic state injections and distillation 4.5 Topological calculus 4.6 Faulty syndrome measurements and noise thresholds 4.7 Experimental progress 5 Topologically protected MBQC 5.1 Topological cluster state in 3D5.2 Vacuum, defect, and singular qubit regions5.3 Elementary operations in topological MBQC 5.4 Topological quantum error correction in 3D 5.5 Applications for MBQC on thermal states A Fault-tolerant quantum computation A.1 Fault-tolerant syndrome measurements A.2 Fault-tolerant gate operations A.3 Concatenated quantum computation B Decoding stabilizer codes Index References
Period-Luminosity Relation for Type II Cepheids

We have estimated JHKs magnitudes corrected to mean intensity for LMC type II Cepheids found in the OGLE-III survey. Period-luminosity relations (PLRs) are derived in JHKs as well as in a reddening-free VI parameter. The BL Her stars (P<4d) and the W Vir stars (P=4 to 20d) are co-linear in these PLRs. The slopes of the infrared relations agree with those found previously for type II Cepheids in globular clusters within the uncertainties. Using the pulsation parallaxes of V553 Cen and SW Tau, the data lead to an LMC modulus of 18.46+-0.10 mag, uncorrected for any metallicity effects. We have now established the PLR of type II Cepheids as a distance indicator by confirming that (almost) the same PLR satisfies the distributions in the PL diagram of type II Cepheids in (at least) two different systems, i.e. the LMC and Galactic globular clusters, and by calibrating the zero point of the PLR. RV Tau stars in the LMC, as a group, are not co-linear with the shorter-period type II Cepheids in the infrared PLRs in marked contrast to such stars in globular clusters. We note differences in period distribution and infrared colors for RV Tau stars in the LMC, globular clusters and Galactic field. We also compare the PLR of type II Cepheids with that of classical Cepheids.
What species of Mecyna subsequalis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1854) - group occurs in highlands of Central Asia? (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Spilomelinae)

By male genitalia and external characters as well as by the mtDNA COI sequence, the species from mountain of Central Asia reported earlier as Mecyna lutulentalis (Lederer, 1858) now is identified as Mecyna salangalis Amsel, 1970. The species inhabits dry steppe slopes of Hindukush, West Pamir, Central Alai and western part of Alai valley, West Tian-Shan and western part of Inner Tian-Shan. The variability of M. salangalis is shown, and the female and its genitalia are described for the first time.
Research on the background correction method in x-ray phase contrast imaging with Talbot-Lau interferometer

X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer has been used widely to conduct phase contrast imaging with a conventional low-brilliance x-ray source. Typically, in this technique, background correction has to be performed in order to obtain the pure signal of the sample under inspection. In this study, we reported on a research on the background correction strategies within this technique, especially we introduced a new phase unwrapping solution for one conventional background correction method, the key point of this new solution is changing the initial phase of each pixel by a cyclic shift operation on the raw images collected in phase stepping scan. Experimental result and numerical analysis showed that the new phase unwrapping algorithm could successfully subtract contribution of the system's background without error. Moreover, a potential advantage of this phase unwrapping strategy is that its effective phase measuring range could be tuned flexibly in some degree for example to be (-pi+3, pi+3], thus it would find usage in certain case because measuring range of the currently widely used background correction method is fixed to be (-pi, pi].
On the adjacency matrix of a complex unit gain graph

ABSTRACT A complex unit gain graph is a simple graph in which each orientation of an edge is given a complex number with modulus 1 and its inverse is assigned to the opposite orientation of the edge. In this article, first we establish bounds for the eigenvalues of the complex unit gain graphs. Then we study some of the properties of the adjacency matrix of a complex unit gain graph in connection with the characteristic and the permanental polynomials. Then we establish spectral properties of the adjacency matrices of complex unit gain graphs. In particular, using Perron–Frobenius theory, we establish a characterization for bipartite graphs in terms of the set of eigenvalues of a gain graph and the set of eigenvalues of the underlying graph. Also, we derive an equivalent condition on the gain so that the eigenvalues of the gain graph and the eigenvalues of the underlying graph are the same.
THE FOURTH US NAVAL OBSERVATORY CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG (UCAC4)

The fourth United States Naval Observatory (USNO) CCD Astrograph Catalog, UCAC4, was released in 2012 August (double-sided DVD and CDS data center Vizier catalog I/322). It is the final release in this series and contains over 113 million objects; over 105 million of them with proper motions (PMs). UCAC4 is an updated version of UCAC3 with about the same number of stars also covering all-sky. Bugs were fixed, Schmidt plate survey data were avoided, and precise five-band photometry was added for about half the stars. Astrograph observations have been supplemented for bright stars by FK6, Hipparcos, and Tycho-2 data to compile a UCAC4 star catalog complete from the brightest stars to about magnitude R = 16. Epoch 1998–2004 positions are obtained from observations with the 20 cm aperture USNO Astrograph's “red lens,” equipped with a 4k by 4k CCD. Mean positions and PMs are derived by combining these observations with over 140 ground- and space-based catalogs, including Hipparcos/Tycho and the AC2000.2, as well as unpublished measures of over 5000 plates from other astrographs. For most of the faint stars in the southern hemisphere, the first epoch plates from the Southern Proper Motion program form the basis for PMs, while the Northern Proper Motion first epoch plates serve the same purpose for the rest of the sky. These data are supplemented by 2MASS near-IR photometry for about 110 million stars and five-band (B, V, g, r, i) APASS data for over 51 million stars. Thus the published UCAC4, as were UCAC3 and UCAC2, is a compiled catalog with the UCAC observational program being a major component. The positional accuracy of stars in UCAC4 at mean epoch is about 15–100 mas per coordinate, depending on magnitude, while the formal errors in PMs range from about 1 to 10 mas yr−1 depending on magnitude and observing history. Systematic errors in PMs are estimated to be about 1–4 mas yr−1.
Optimizing Energy Usage for an Electric Drone

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly gaining popu-larity in a wide variety of applications, e.g., agriculture, health care, environmental management, supply chains, law enforcement, surveillance, and photography. Dones are often powered by batteries, making energy a critical resource that must be optimised during the mission of the drone. The duration of a done’s mission depends on the amount of energy required to perform some manoeuvering actions (takeoﬀ, level ﬂight, hov-ering, and landing), the energy required to power the ICT modules in the drone, the drone’s speed, payload, and the wind. In this paper, we present a model that minimizes the energy consumption of a low power drone and maximizes the time required to completely drain the drone’s battery and ensure the safe landing of the drone.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamical CO5BOLD model atmospheres of red giant stars II. Spectral line formation in the atmosphere of a giant located near the RGB tip

Aims. We investigate the role of convection in the formation of atomic and molecular lines in the atmosphere of a red giant star. For this purpose we study the formation properties of spectral lines that belong to a number of astrophysically important tracer elements, including neutral and singly ionized atoms (Lii, Ni, Oi, Nai, Mgi, Ali, Sii, Siii, Si, Ki, Cai, Caii, Tii, Tiii, Cri, Crii, Mni, Fei, Feii, Coi, Nii, Zni, Srii, Baii, and Euii), and molecules (CH, CO, C2, NH, CN, and OH). Methods. We focus our investigation on a prototypical red giant located close to the red giant branch (RGB) tip (Teff=3660 K, log g=1.0, [M/H]=0.0). We used two types of model atmospheres, 3D hydrodynamical and classical 1D, calculated with theCO 5 BOLD andLHD stellar atmosphere codes, respectively. Both codes share t he same atmospheric parameters, chemical composition, equation of state, and opacities, which allowed us to make a strictly differential comparison between the line formation properties predicted in 3D and 1D. The influence of convection on the spectral line for mation was assessed with the aid of 3D‐1D abundance corrections, which measure the difference between the abundances of chemical species derived with the 3D hydrodynamical and 1D classical model atmospheres. Results. We find that convection plays a significant role in the spectra l line formation in this particular red giant. The derived 3D ‐1D abundance corrections rarely exceed±0.1 dex when lines of neutral atoms and molecules are considered, which is in line with the previous findings for solar-metallicity red giants located on the lower RGB. The situation is different with lines that belong to ionized atoms, or to neutral atoms with high ionization potential. I n both cases, the corrections for high-excitation lines (χ > 8 eV) may amount to �3D−1D∼−0.4 dex. The 3D‐1D abundance corrections generally show a significant wavelength dependence; in most cases they are smaller in the near-infrared, at 1600‐2500 nm.
Fragmentation of Primordial Filamentary Clouds under Far-Ultraviolet Radiation

Collapse and fragmentation of uniform filamentary clouds under isotropic far-ultraviolet external radiation are investigated. Especially, impact of photodissociation of hydrogen molecules during collapse is investigated. Dynamical and thermal evolution of collapsing filamentary clouds are calculated by solving virial equation and energy equation with taking into accounts non-equilibrium chemical reactions. It is found that thermal evolution is hardly affected by the external radiation if the initial density is high ($n_0 > 10^2 \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$). On the other hand, if line mass of the filamentary cloud is moderate and initial density is low ($n_0 \le 10^2 \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$), thermal evolution of the filamentary cloud tends to be adiabatic owing to the effect of the external dissociation radiation. In this case, collapse of the filamentary cloud is suppressed and the filamentary cloud fragments into very massive clouds ($\sim 10^{4-5} M_\odot$) in the early stage of collapse. Analytic criterion for the filamentary clouds to fragment into such massive clouds is discussed. We also investigate collapse and fragmentation of the filamentary clouds with an improved model. This model can partly capture the effect of run-away collapse. Also in this model, the filamentary clouds with low initial density ($n_0 \le 10^2 \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$) fragment into massive clouds ($\sim 10^4 M_\odot$) owing to the effect of the external radiation.