Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The C/sub 4/ molecule

A carbon molecule formed by the photolytic dissociation of C/sub 4/H/sub 2/ and the evaporation of graphite, and trapped at 4 K in solid neon and argon, has been identified as C/sub 4/ on the basis of electron spin resonance and optical spectra. The following molecular constants are predicted for gas-phase C/sub 4/: B/sup 3/Pi/subu/ or B/sup 3/. sigma. /subu//sup -/:T/sub 0/ =19564(50) cm/sup -1/, . nu. /sub 1/'=2100(10) cm/sup -1/; A/sup 3/Pi/subg/:T/sub 0/ <6000 cm/sup -1/; X/sup 3/. sigma. /subg//sup -/:. nu. /sub 3/''=2170(5) cm/sup -1/, lambda'' =0.128(3) cm/sup -1/, . gamma. ''=-0.0006(2) cm/sup -1/, g/sub perpendicular/=2.0041(5), vertical-barA/sub perpendicular/(/sup 13/C) vertical-bar=29.6(5) MHz. (AIP)
Anthropometric Measurements and Admission Parameters as Predictors of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Abstract Aim: We aimed to single out admission predictors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and investigate the role of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) measurements in ARDS development. Method: An observational, prospective cohort study was conducted on 407 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the University Clinical Center Kragujevac between September 2021 and March 2022. Patients were followed during the hospitalization, and ARDS was observed as a primary endpoint. Body composition was assessed using the BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), and visceral fat (VF) via BIA. Within 24 h of admission, patients were sampled for blood gas and laboratory analysis. Results: Patients with BMI above 30 kg/m2, very high BF%, and/or very high VF levels were at a significantly higher risk of developing ARDS compared to nonobese patients (OR: 4.568, 8.892, and 2.448, respectively). In addition, after performing multiple regression analysis, six admission predictors of ARDS were singled out: (1) very high BF (aOR 8.059), (2) SaO2 < 87.5 (aOR 5.120), (3) IL-6 > 59.75 (aOR 4.089), (4) low lymphocyte count (aOR 2.880), (5) female sex (aOR 2.290), and (6) age < 68.5 (aOR 1.976). Conclusion: Obesity is an important risk factor for the clinical deterioration of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. BF%, assessed through BIA measuring, was the strongest independent predictor of ARDS in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Complementary Resistive Switching in ZnO/Al2O3 Bi-Layer Devices

This paper reports the complementary resistive switching (CRS) characteristics exhibited by Au/ZnO/Al2O3/ Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) bilayer device for the first time, where both ZnO and Al2O3 are active switching layers exhibiting resistive switching properties. The I-V characteristics of the device initially show bipolar resistive switching (BRS) for a few cycles (∼12) before permanently switching to CRS with the extension of SET voltage. The stable CRS state of the device exhibits a high current of ∼500 μA during the ON-state and low current of 3 × 10−7 A during OFF-state at low input voltages (−0.5 V to 0.5 V) enables the proposed device suitable to use in crossbar array to mitigate the sneak path current. The device performance to write and read processes is evaluated with pulses of magnitudes ∼|2.5| V and 1.3 V, respectively, and showed a ∼60 μA difference in read-out current between data bits 0 and 1. Similarly, the device's power consumption is also measured to elucidate that the device is suitable to use as a memory unit with power consumption in the order of microwatts (μW). Further, the possible switching mechanism is demonstrated based on oxygen vacancies migration.
Simultaneous Estimation of Atorvastatin, Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Capsule Dosage forms using UV-Spectroscopy

Atorvastatin [R-(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-s, 8-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenyl amino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole 1-heptanoic acid an Anti-hyperlipidemia and Clopidogrel (2-Chloro phenyl, 6-7 dihydro4H thieno [3,2-c]pyridine-5-yl)acetic acid is an Anti-platelet drug and Aspirin (2-Acetoxy benzoic acid) an NSAIDs. This paper presents two methods i.e. first derivative spectrophotometery and multicomponent spectrophotometery for simultaneous estimation of these three drugs combination in pharmaceutical formulations. The first derivative amplitudes at 276, 226 and 222 nm were utilized for simultaneous estimations. The multicomponent amplitudes at 247, 220 and 235 nm were utilizatied. Proper selection of wavelength for estimations of one drug by other in derivative spectra and multicomponent lead to successful development of methods for simultaneous estimation. The results of analysis were validated statistically that included parameters such as precision, LOD, LOQ, recovery and robustness. Both methods were simple, economical, accurate, reproducible and precise.
The Effect of Steroid and Mannitol Combination Treatment on Postoperative Rehabilitation of Multiple Metacarpal Bone Fractures

Background and Objectives: The expedient resolution of postoperative soft tissue edema is particularly important in hand surgery. Prolonged edema and pain become an obstacle to postoperative rehabilitation, delay return to daily life, and in severe cases, lead to a permanent decrease in range of motion. Based on the common physiology between postoperative hand swelling and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), we sought to determine if postoperative mannitol and steroid administration to multiple metacarpal bone fracture patients effectively reduces hand swelling and pain and is beneficial for hand rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: From March 2015 to February 2019, 21 patients who received closed pinning for multiple metacarpal fractures were included in a retrospective cohort study. The control group (n = 11) underwent a routine recovery, while the treatment group (n = 10) received dexamethasone and mannitol injections for five days postoperatively. Serial changes in the degree of pain and fingertip-to-palm distance (FPD) were measured in both groups. The duration from surgery to the initiation of rehabilitation and time to full grip was also compared. Results: Compared to the control, the treatment group showed a faster alleviation of pain scores from the postoperative fifth day (2.91 versus 1.80, p = 0.013), and faster recovery of FPD from postoperative two weeks (3.27 versus 1.90, p = 0.002). Time to physical therapy initiation (6.73 versus 3.80 days, p = 0.002) and full grip achievement (42.46 versus 32.70 days, p = 0.002) were also faster in the treatment group. Conclusions: The steroid-mannitol combination treatment for multiple metacarpal bone fracture patients in the acute postoperative phase promoted the reduction of hand edema and pain, leading to the earlier initiation of physical therapy, rapid improvement in joint motion, and faster achievement of full grip.
Development of an Inflammation-Triggered In Vitro “Leaky Gut” Model Using Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 Combined with Macrophage-like THP-1 Cells or Primary Human-Derived Macrophages

The “leaky gut” syndrome describes a damaged (leaky) intestinal mucosa and is considered a serious contributor to numerous chronic diseases. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are particularly associated with the “leaky gut” syndrome, but also allergies, autoimmune diseases or neurological disorders. We developed a complex in vitro inflammation-triggered triple-culture model using 21-day-differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cells and HT29-MTX-E12 mucus-producing goblet cells (90:10 ratio) in close contact with differentiated human macrophage-like THP-1 cells or primary monocyte-derived macrophages from human peripheral blood. Upon an inflammatory stimulus, the characteristics of a “leaky gut” became evident: a significant loss of intestinal cell integrity in terms of decreased transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), as well as a loss of tight junction proteins. The cell permeability for FITC-dextran 4 kDa was then increased, and key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, were substantially released. Whereas in the M1 macrophage-like THP-1 co-culture model, we could not detect the release of IL-23, which plays a crucial regulatory role in IBD, this cytokine was clearly detected when using primary human M1 macrophages instead. In conclusion, we provide an advanced human in vitro model that could be useful for screening and evaluating therapeutic drugs for IBD treatment, including potential IL-23 inhibitors.
Nonperiodic metallic gratings transparent for broadband terahertz waves

In this work, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that nonperiodic metallic gratings can become transparent for broadband terahertz waves. It is shown that broadband high transmission appears in aperiodic metallic gratings (including quasiperiodic and disordered ones), which originates from the nonresonant excitations in the grating system. Quasiperiodic and disordered metallic gratings effectively weaken and even eliminate Wood's anomalies, which are the diffraction-related characters of periodic gratings. Consequently, both the transparence bandwidth and transmission efficiency are significantly increased due to the structural aperiodicity. An optimal condition is also achieved for broadband high transparency in aperiodic metallic gratings. Experimental measurements at the terahertz regime reasonably agree with both analytical analysis and numerical simulations. Furthermore, we show that for a specific light source, for example, a line source, a corresponding nonperiodic transparent grating can be also designed. We expect that our findings can be applied for transparent conducting panels, perfect white-beam polarizers, antireflective conducting solar cells, and beyond.
Computation of cavitating flow through marine propulsors

Computed single phase and cavitating flow fields are presented for two open propellers and a ducted waterjet. Modeling is performed using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver with homogenous-multiphase modeling and turbulent simulation capabilities. The open propeller computations include both steady, uniform inflow computations as well as unsteady, distorted inflow, conditions. The ducted waterjet computations assume steady, periodic flow conditions with body forces to represent the effect of the downstream stator row. Computed performance parameters and cavity shapes are compared with experimental observations.
Depletion- and Enhancement-Mode p-Channel MISHFET Based on GaN/AlGaN Single Heterostructures on Sapphire Substrates

We report on p-channel metal-insulator-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MISHFET) based on p-GaN/uid-GaN/Al textsubscript 0.29Ga textsubscript 0.71N single heterostructures on sapphire substrates, grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The impact of p-GaN layer removal and channel layer thickness adjustment by dry-etching on the characteristics of the MISHFET are investigated. Depending on the remaining GaN thickness <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(t_{\mathrm{ GaN}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, the fabricated MISHFET show either depletion-mode (d-mode) operation with a threshold voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 3.8 V and an on-current <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\unicode{0x007C}I_{\mathrm{ D,on}} \unicode{0x007C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 9.5 mA/mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{\mathrm{ GaN}} = 21$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm) or enhancement-mode (e-mode) operation with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm{ th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of −2.3 V and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\unicode{0x007C}I_{\mathrm{ D,on}} \unicode{0x007C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1.5 mA/mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{\mathrm{ GaN}}= 12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nm). Independent of the etching depth, all devices exhibit a very low off-state drain current <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\left|I_{\mathrm{D}, \mathrm{off}}\right| \sim 10^{-8}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mA/mm and a steep subthreshold swing (SS) between 80 and 89 mV/dec. Similar to n-channel devices, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{th}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> instability caused by charge trapping at the dielectric/semiconductor interface is found, emphasizing that careful interface engineering is required for good device performance.
Calibration with Working Standards

Certified values of working standards used for calibrations are rarely exact, and calibration curve procedures should take into account all sources of error, including errors in the working standards. When the errors in working standards have a known finite bound, we give an easily implementable accurate calibration curve procedure. It produces conservative confidence intervals based on an expansion.
B.3 Spatial Autocorrelation

In this chapter we review the concept of spatial autocorrelation and its attributes. Our purpose is to outline the various formulations and measures of spatial autocorrelation and to point out how the concept helps assess the spatial nature of georeferenced data. For a fuller treatment of the subject, a number of texts, written at various junctures in the development of the concept and at differing levels of mathematical sophistication, spell out many of the details not discussed here (Cliff and Ord 1973, 1981; Miron 1984; Upton and Fingleton 1985; Goodchild 1986; Odland 1988; Anselin 1988; Haining 1990a; Legendre 1993; Dubin 1998; Griffith 1987, 1988, 2003). In addition, and as background to this chapter, Haining’s contribution in this volume (see Chapter B.1) gives a clear view of the nature of georeferenced data. Our goal is to briefly describe the literature on this subject so that the spatial autocorrelation concept is accessible to those who (i) are new to dealing with georeferenced data in a research framework or (ii) have worked with georeferenced data previously but without explicit knowledge of how the concept can be beneficial to them in their research. We are constrained by space and, as a result, our plan is to be short on explanations but identify key literature where the reader will find further details. After defining and briefly giving the background for the concept of spatial autocorrelation in this section, we explain the concept’s attributes and uses in Section B.3. 2. In the next section, we discuss the matrices that must be created in order to assess most measures of the spatial autocorrelation concept. We outline the various spatial autocorrelation formulations in Section B.3. 4. This is followed in Section B.3. 5 with a short discussion of the problems in applying the concept in research situations. Finally, Section B.3. 6 provides a brief description of available spatial autocorrelation software. The reference list can serve as a guide to the literature in this area.
Turbulent transition for fluids

One of the first things most people do in the morning is turn on a tap in the bathroom. Provided we are not too sleepy, we cannot fail to notice what is often considered to be the greatest unsolved mystery in classical physics: turbulence. If we turn the tap just a little, the flow of water is smooth and laminar. However, as we open it more, the flow becomes irregular and turbulent.
Formal Cohomology: III. Fixed Point Theorems

Let (R, (wi)) be a complete discrete valuation ring of characteristic 0 with quotient field K and finite residue class field k = GF(q). In our previous papers, [1] and [2], (which we shall refer to as FC I and FC II), we constructed the formal cohomology groups, Hi(A; K), of certain smooth k algebras A and developed several of their basic properties. The Frobenius endomorphism F: X Xq of A operates on the groups H'(A; K). In this paper we shall prove a fixed point theorem for the action of F, which generalizes results of Dwork and Reich and leads via techniques of Dwork to a new proof of the rationality of the zeta function of a k-variety. Applying the same techniques to the study of Fod, where j is an automorphism of A of finite order, we shall obtain a new and rather simple proof of the rationality of the Artin L-functions. Let A be a w. c. f. g. algebra over (R, (wr)). (See FC I for terminology.) A Frobenius endomorphism of A is a lifting of F: A d A, where A = A/wA. Such liftings exist provided A is very smooth. Suppose then that A is very smooth, that A is pure n dimensional and that F is a fixed Frobenius endomorphism of A. By FC I, Th. 8.6 Cor. 1, p 216, F induces a bijection F* on H(A, K). In fact Corollary 2 of the same theorem constructs an operator A: D(A) D(A) such that A* = qn(Fh)on H(A; K). The main object of this paper is to show that qlfF~l behaves like a compact operator on H(A, K) and that the alternating sum of the traces of (qnfF;l)s on the Hi(A; K) is equal to the number of points of Spec A rational over GF(qs). (It is likely that the H'(A; K) are always finite dimensional but we have only been able to prove this in general for i < 1. ) In outline the paper goes as follows. Section 1 introduces a class of linear operators on vector spaces over K, the "nuclear operators". The axiomatics here are essentially the Riesz-Serre decomposition theorem for compact endomorphisms of a Banach space. In particular, we are able to define the trace and characteristic power series of a nuclear operator. Section 2 studies "Dwork operators". If M is a finite A-module, a Dwork
Acoustic animal identification using unsupervised learning

Passive acoustic monitoring is usually presented as a complementary approach to monitoring wildlife communities and assessing ecosystem conditions. Automatic species detection methods support biodiversity monitoring and analysis by providing information on the presence–absence of species, which allows understanding the ecosystem structure. Therefore, different alternatives have been proposed to identify species. However, the algorithms are parameterized to identify specific species. Analysing multiple species would help to monitor and quantify biodiversity, as it includes the different taxonomic groups present in the soundscape. We present an unsupervised methodology for multi‐species call recognition from ecological soundscapes. The proposal is based on a clustering algorithm, specifically the learning algorithm for multivariate data analysis (LAMDA) 3pi algorithm, which automatically suggests the number of clusters associated with the sonotypes. Emphasis was made on improving the segmentation of the audio to analyse the whole soundscape without parameterizing the algorithm according to each taxonomic group. To estimate the performance of our proposal, we used four datasets from different locations, years and habitats. These datasets contain sounds from the four major taxonomic groups that dominate terrestrial soundscapes (birds, amphibians, mammals and insects) in audible and ultrasonic spectra. The methodology presents performances between 75% and 96% in presence–absence species recognition. Using the clusters proposed by our methodology, the whole soundscape biodiversity was measured and compared with the estimate of four acoustic indices (ACI, NP, SO and BI). Our approach performs biodiversity assessments similar to acoustic indices with the advantage of providing information about acoustic communities without the need for prior knowledge of the species present in the audio recordings.
On Global Output Tracking Control of Lotka-Volterra Systems

This letter proposes a novel method for output tracking control of Lotke-Volterra systems with guaranteed input-to-state stability (ISS) of the internal dynamics. This method uses a new concept named output ratio, instead of the output error, which provides an additively separable control law composed of a pure state feedback and a pure signal of the desired output and its derivative. The given approach makes ISS analysis of the internal dynamics more easier than the conventional methods. The only scalar tunable parameter of the introduced output tracking controller should be chosen in a way that satisfies a linear matrix inequality to guarantee ISS of the closed-loop system. Two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate effectiveness and extendibility of the proposed results in comparison with the existing conventional methods.
Unraveling the Role of IMF Bx in Driving Geomagnetic Activity

In this work, we question the existing opinion that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Sun‐Earth (Bx) component is of minor importance for the geomagnetic activity and show that both Bx and By, being two principal components of the Parker's spiral, are equally important factors. We show that the asymmetric behavior of activity indices around solstices can be explained as a combination of symmetric (sign‐independent) effect of IMF By and asymmetric (sign‐dependent) effect of Bx, the latter interpreted as a result of the geodipole tilt influence on the magnetotail stability and nightside reconnection. We also show that, due to the 7.5° inclination of the Earth orbital plane to the solar equatorial plane, the geoeffective IMF Bz component may increase or decrease, depending on the IMF sector polarity and season.
Small-time asymptotics for a general local-stochastic volatility model: curvature and the heat kernel expansion

We compute a small-time expansion for implied volatility under a general uncorrelated local-stochastic volatility model, with mild linear growth conditions on the drift and vol-of-vol. For this we use the Bellaiche[Bel81] heat kernel expansion combined with Laplace’s method to integrate over the volatility variable on a compact set, and (after a gauge transformation) we use the Davies[Dav88] upper bound for the heat kernel on a manifold with bounded Ricci curvature to deal with the tail integrals. We also consider the case when the correlation � � 0; in this case our approach still works if the drift of the volatility takes a specific functional form and there is no local volatility component, and our results include the SABR model for � = 1,� � 0. 1
Global Optimization of Polynomial Functions and Applications

Global Optimization of Polynomial Functions and Applications by Jiawang Nie Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Mathematics University of California, Berkeley Professor James Demmel, Co-Chair Professor Bernd Sturmfels, Co-Chair This thesis discusses the global optimization problem whose objective function and constraints are all described by (multivariate) polynomials. The motivation is to find the global solution. For this problem, sum of squares (SOS) relaxations are able to get guaranteed lower bounds. For unconstrained polynomial optimization problem, SOS relaxation generally only provides a lower bound. Sometimes this lower bound may be strictly smaller than the global minimum. In such situations, how can we do better? Much better lower bounds can be obtained if we apply SOS relaxation over the gradient ideal of the polynomial function. In fact, we can always get the exact lower bound, and have finite convergence, under some conditions that hold generically. For constrained polynomial optimization, when the feasible set is compact, Lasserre’s procedure is usually applied to to get a sequence of lower bounds. Under a