Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propositional representation of arithmetic proofs (Preliminary Version)

Equations f@@@@ = g@@@@ between polynomial time computable functions can be represented by sets of propositional formulas. If f@@@@ = g@@@@ is provable in certain arithmetic systems, then polynomial length proofs of the representing formulas exist in certain propositional systems. Two cases of this phenomenon and a general theory are given.
The incidence of oral cavity cancer in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Oral cancer is now a top priority for non‐communicable illnesses and universal health care plans, according to the WHO. There is no general estimate of the incidence of oral cavity cancer in Iran, despite multiple investigations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) of oral cavity cancers in Iran.
New entropy formula of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and its application

With regard to the existing problems of axiomatic definition of entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, a new revised axiomatic definition is given, then a new formula of entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed and proved. A multiple attribute decision making approach based on the entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy number is given, the effectiveness and rationality are verified by a practical example.
Hydrotropic Solubilistion Technique of Metaxalone by U.V. Spectroscopy and First Order Derivative Spectroscopy

Solubility of various poorly water-soluble drugs can be increased by the use of hydrotropic solubilisation technique. In the following investigation, solution of 0.5 M sodium acetate was employed as solubilising agent to solubilise poorly water soluble drug. Metaxalone showed absorbance maxima at 278nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 40–240μg/mL in two methods. Method-A UV Spectroscopy which involves measurement of absorbance maxima. Method– B Derivative spectroscopy involves the derivatisation of the primary absorption spectra for the first order. The amplitude (DL) of the long wave peak satellite of the first order curve was measured in mm. The results of analysis and the recovery studies which were validated statistically were found to be satisfactory. Presence of sodium acetate did not interfere in the analysis of Metaxalone and therefore both methods are accurate providing additional advantages of being cost effective and environmental friendly.
Analysis Of The Error For Harmonic Tracking Using An Iterative Scheme In Geometric Control

Geometric Control Theory was initiated in the beginning of the 1970’s and has now become a well established design methodology for problems of tracking prescribed reference signals while rejecting unwanted disturbance signals. In this paper we describe the error analysis for time-depen-dent harmonic signal tracking for general distributed parameter control systems with bounded input and output operators using an iterative numerical scheme based on the geometric design methodology.
Familial traits of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Genetic studies of bipolar disorder (BD) have shown varied results, which is in part because of the heterogeneity of the disorder. Identifying clinical phenotypes of BD could reduce variability and benefit research. Since BD has a robust genetic component, studies can investigate clinical traits that cluster in families to identify phenotypes with a probable genetic basis.
Specialist dementia nursing models and impacts: a systematic review

Purpose of review Dementia policy priorities recommend that people who are living with dementia and their family should have access to support and interventions delivered by dementia specialists, including specialist nurses. However, specialist dementia nursing models and role-related competencies are not clearly defined. We systematically review the current evidence regarding specialist dementia nursing models and their impacts. Recent findings Thirty-one studies from across three databases, and grey literature were included in the review. One framework defining specific specialist dementia nursing competencies was found. We did not find convincing evidence of the effectiveness of specialist nursing dementia services, relative to standard models of care from the current, limited evidence base, although families living with dementia valued it. No Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) has compared the impact of specialist nursing on client and carer outcomes relative to less specialist care, although one nonrandomised study reported that specialist dementia nursing reduces emergency and inpatient service use compared with a usual care group. Summary Current models of specialist dementia nursing are numerous and heterogeneous. Further exploration of the specialist nursing skills and the impact of specialist nursing interventions is needed to usefully inform workforce development strategies and clinical practice.
Multiframe postprocessing algorithm of laser active imaging images

After fixing on the divergent angle, peak power of laser pulse, parameters of received optical system and the geometrical configuration between laser and received optical system, a faint target image of longer range with higher resolution obtained by active imaging system is constrained by imaging and processing technologies. With longer range and limited laser energy, it is impossible to illuminate the entire scene at once, and the illuminance obtained by each receiver pixel of charge coupled device (CCD) can not achieve an adequate level. In order to increase the imaging range of imaging system with given per-pulse laser energy, and to reduce atmospheric turbulence effects on image resolution, multipulses may be employed to obtain image data over the whole scene and radiometric conceptions are used to establish the maximum scene illumination region during each exposure. A unique multiframe postprocessing technique is investigated. It is shown that in the presence of atmospheric turbulence and coherent speckle effects, this approach can produce superior results to conventional scene flood illumination.
Bacterial Communities Vary from Different Scleractinian Coral Species and between Bleached and Non-Bleached Corals

Accumulating evidence indicates that coral-associated bacteria play an important role in the health of holobionts. However, the variability of the symbiotic bacterial community structure among coral species with different coral health statuses remains largely unknown. ABSTRACT Bleaching is one of the most relevant factors implicated in the integrity of coral reef ecosystems, with the increasing frequency and intensity of damaging events representing a serious threat to reef biodiversity. Here, we analyzed changes in coral-associated bacteria from three types of non-bleached and bleached scleractinian corals (Acropora digitifera, Galaxea fascicularis, and Porites pukoensis) in Hainan Luhuitou peninsula coastal areas. The community structure of symbiotic bacteria differed significantly among the three apparently healthy corals. The bleached corals had higher bacterial alpha diversity and some specific bacteria genera, including Ruegeria, Methyloceanibacter, Filomicrobium, Halioglobus, Rubripirellula, Rhodopirellula, Silicimonas, Blastopirellula, Sva0996 marine group, Woeseia, and unclassified_c_Gammaproteobacteria, were consistently increased in bleached groups. Network analysis revealed significantly different degrees of modularity between bleached and non-bleached groups at the bacterial genus level, and a higher proportion of links was dominated by positive co-occurrences. Functional prediction analysis illustrated that coral-associated bacteria remained relatively consistent in the bleached and non-bleached groups. Structure equation modeling revealed that the bacterial community diversity and function were directly influenced by host and environment factors. These findings suggested that coral-associated bacterial responses to bleaching occur in a host-dependent manner, informing novel strategies for restoring coral and aiding adaption to bleaching stress. IMPORTANCE Accumulating evidence indicates that coral-associated bacteria play an important role in the health of holobionts. However, the variability of the symbiotic bacterial community structure among coral species with different coral health statuses remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated three apparent non-bleached (healthy) and bleached coral species (sampled in situ), involving related symbiotic bacterial profiles, including composition, alpha diversity, network relationship, and potential function. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to analyze the relationship between coral status and abiotic and biotic factors. The bacterial community structure of different groups was shown to exhibit host-specific traits. Both host and environmental impacts had primary effects on coral-associated microbial communities. Future studies are needed to identify the mechanisms that mediate divergent microbial consortia.
Analysis of Argumentation and Questioning Patterns in Argument-Based Inquiry Classrooms

The purpose of this study was to analyze the argument-based inquiry approach implementations with respect to questioning in the classrooms. In addition, the study aimed to explore the relationship between levels of questioning and negotiation of ideas. The study was conducted with three teachers and 146 students. The video transcripts obtained from these teachers’ classrooms were analyzed through discourse analysis. The findings indicated that teachers’ questioning and implementation level are two crucial factors in starting and sustaining the negotiation of ideas in science classrooms. In addition, a relationship was detected among teachers’ questioning patterns, number and type of questions generated by students. Finally, the talk moves used by the teacher facilitated students’ talk and negotiation.
NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF CIRCULAR ANNULAR PLATES OF POLAR ORTHOTROPY AND VARIABLE THICKNESS

The natural frequencies of the circular annular plates of polar orthotropy and variable thickness are studied by the finite element method. Three node annular elements of variable thickness are used. The stiffness matrices and mass matrices of the annular elements are obtained by combining analytical and numerical methods. It is shown that the results obtained by present method are very accurate.
3-Deoxysappanchalcone Inhibits Cell Growth of Gefitinib-Resistant Lung Cancer Cells by Simultaneous Targeting of EGFR and MET Kinases

The mechanistic functions of 3-deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a chalcone compound known to have many pharmacological effects on lung cancer, have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we identified the comprehensive anti-cancer mechanism of 3-DSC, which targets EGFR and MET kinase in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. 3-DSC directly targets both EGFR and MET, thereby inhibiting the growth of drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, 3-DSC induced cell cycle arrest by modulating cell cycle regulatory proteins, including cyclin B1, cdc2, and p27. In addition, concomitant EGFR downstream signaling proteins such as MET, AKT, and ERK were affected by 3-DSC and contributed to the inhibition of cancer cell growth. Furthermore, our results show that 3-DSC increased redox homeostasis disruption, ER stress, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase activation in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells, thereby abrogating cancer cell growth. 3-DSC induced apoptotic cell death which is regulated by Mcl-1, Bax, Apaf-1, and PARP in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cells. 3-DSC also initiated the activation of caspases, and the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, abrogated 3-DSC induced-apoptosis in lung cancer cells. These data imply that 3-DSC mainly increased mitochondria-associated intrinsic apoptosis in lung cancer cells to reduce lung cancer cell growth. Overall, 3-DSC inhibited the growth of drug-resistant lung cancer cells by simultaneously targeting EGFR and MET, which exerted anti-cancer effects through cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial homeostasis collapse, and increased ROS generation, eventually triggering anti-cancer mechanisms. 3-DSC could potentially be used as an effective anti-cancer strategy to overcome EGFR and MET target drug-resistant lung cancer.
Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or other acute enteropathies

Abstract Background Low serum cobalamin concentrations have been associated with ileal malabsorption in dogs with chronic enteropathy. Increased serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations indicate cobalamin deficiency on a cellular level. Few studies have evaluated serum cobalamin concentrations or methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or nonparvoviral acute enteropathies. Objectives Evaluate serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in juvenile dogs (6 weeks to 10 months old) with parvoviral enteritis or nonparvoviral acute enteropathy. Animals Thirty‐one juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis, 29 dogs with nonparvoviral acute diarrhea (NPVAD), and 40 healthy juvenile control dogs. Methods Single‐center, prospective, observational, cross‐sectional study. Serum cobalamin and, when sufficient serum was available, MMA concentrations were measured. Results Most serum cobalamin concentrations were within the adult reference interval. Serum cobalamin concentrations in healthy dogs (median, 848 ng/L; range, 293‐1912 ng/L) were significantly higher than in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (P = .0002; median, 463 ng/L; range, <150‐10 000 ng/L) or dogs with NPVAD (P = .02; median, 528 ng/L; range, 160‐8998 ng/L). Serum MMA concentrations were not significantly different between groups (healthy dogs: median, 796 nmol/L; range, 427‐1933 nmol/L; parvoviral enteritis: median, 858 nmol/L; range, 554‐3424 nmol/L; NPVAD: median, 764 nmol/L; range, 392‐1222 nmol/L; P = .1). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Juvenile dogs with parvoviral enteritis or NPVAD had lower serum cobalamin concentrations than healthy juvenile dogs. However, based on serum MMA concentrations cellular cobalamin deficiency was not apparent.
Babycare Assistance Needs of Parents With Physical Disabilities: An Observational Study

The assistance needs of parents with physical disabilities have been widely underexamined. This qualitative observational study described the assistance needs of parents with physical disabilities during the performance of in-home babycare activities. Thirty-one parents were assessed by trained occupational therapists using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Profile adapted for use with parents, an ecological performance-based assessment that considers executive functioning. Descriptive statistics of participants’ demographics and parents’ independence scores in babycare activities were calculated, and a qualitative content analysis of parents’ assistance needs was performed using video recordings. At least one-fourth of parents experienced difficulties in all babycare activities, either affecting activity performance or requiring verbal or physical assistance. Assistance needs were also observed in all activity-related operations of the ADL Profile. It is necessary to develop specialized clinical services to address assistance needs and promote safe and easy parenting in parents with physical disabilities.
Conservative treatment of Temporomandibular Joint condylar fractures: A systematic Review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

OBJECTIVE Fractures of the mandibular condyle are the most common jaw fractures. There are several treatment approaches. There is the nonsurgical and surgical approach. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the indications and contraindications of either method to help the clinician make the best treatment choice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pubmed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched until 20/05/2023. Clinical trials were selected to compare the two treatments for condyle fracture and evaluate indications and contraindications. RESULTS Out of 2515 papers, four studies were included. The surgical approach allows faster functional recovery and decreases patient discomfort. The study analyzes under what circumstances a surgical procedure is more practical than a nonsurgical one. CONCLUSION There is no evidence regarding the reliability of either method. Both have superimposable results. However, age, type of occlusion and other factors direct the clinician toward a surgical choice.
A frequentist approach to dynamic borrowing

There has been growing interest in leveraging external control data to augment a randomized control group data in clinical trials and enable more informative decision making. In recent years, the quality and availability of real‐world data have improved steadily as external controls. However, information borrowing by directly pooling such external controls with randomized controls may lead to biased estimates of the treatment effect. Dynamic borrowing methods under the Bayesian framework have been proposed to better control the false positive error. However, the numerical computation and, especially, parameter tuning, of those Bayesian dynamic borrowing methods remain a challenge in practice. In this paper, we present a frequentist interpretation of a Bayesian commensurate prior borrowing approach and describe intrinsic challenges associated with this method from the perspective of optimization. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new dynamic borrowing approach using adaptive lasso. The treatment effect estimate derived from this method follows a known asymptotic distribution, which can be used to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests. The finite sample performance of the method is evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations under different settings. We observed highly competitive performance of adaptive lasso compared to Bayesian approaches. Methods for selecting tuning parameters are also thoroughly discussed based on results from numerical studies and an illustration example.
A Human Lower Limb Mechanical Phantom for the Testing of Knee Exoskeletons

The development of assistive lower-limb exoskeletons can be time-consuming. Testing prototype medical devices on vulnerable populations such as children also has safety concerns. Mechanical phantoms replicating the lower-limb kinematics provide an alternative for the fast validation and iteration of exoskeletons. However, most phantoms treat the limbs as rigid bodies and fail to capture soft tissue deformation at the human/exoskeleton interface. Human soft tissue can absorb and dissipate energy when compressed, leading to a mismatch between simulated and human exoskeleton testing outcomes. We have developed a methodology for quickly testing and validating the performance of knee exoskeletons using a mechanical phantom capable of emulating knee kinematics soft-tissue deformation of the lower-limb. Our phantom consisted of 3D-printed bones surrounded by ballistic gel. A motorized hexapod moved the knee to follow a walking trajectory. A custom inverse dynamics model estimated the knee assistance moment from marker and load cell data. We applied this methodology to quantify the effects of soft-tissue deformation on exoskeleton assistance by loading the phantom knee with a torsional spring exoskeleton interfacing and bypassing the ballistic gel. We found that including soft-tissue deformation led to a lower knee assistance moment and stiffness. Some but not all of this difference could be explained by the deflection of the exoskeleton relative to the knee angle, suggesting energy absorption within soft tissue. The direct measurements of exoskeleton assistance provide insight into increasing the assistive moment transmission efficacy. The phantom provided a relatively accurate framework for knee exoskeleton testing, aiding future exoskeleton design.
HLA antibody affinity determination: From HLA‐specific monoclonal antibodies to donor HLA specific antibodies (DSA) in patient serum

Organs transplanted across donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are associated with a variety of clinical outcomes, including a high risk of acute kidney graft rejection. Unfortunately, the currently available assays to determine DSA characteristics are insufficient to clearly discriminate between potentially harmless and harmful DSA. To further explore the hazard potential of DSA, their concentration and binding strength to their natural target, using soluble HLA, may be informative. There are currently a number of biophysical technologies available that allow the assessment of antibody binding strength. However, these methods require prior knowledge of antibody concentrations. Our objective within this study was to develop a novel approach that combines the determination of DSA‐affinity as well as DSA‐concentration for patient sample evaluation within one assay. We initially tested the reproducibility of previously reported affinities of human HLA‐specific monoclonal antibodies and assessed the technology‐specific precision of the obtained results on multiple platforms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), bio‐layer interferometry (BLI), Luminex (single antigen beads; SAB), and flow‐induced dispersion analysis (FIDA). While the first three (solid‐phase) technologies revealed comparable high binding‐strengths, suggesting measurement of avidity, the latter (in‐solution) approach revealed slightly lower binding‐strengths, presumably indicating measurement of affinity. We believe that our newly developed in‐solution FIDA‐assay is particularly suitable to provide useful clinical information by not just measuring DSA‐affinities in patient serum samples but simultaneously delivering a particular DSA‐concentration. Here, we investigated DSA from 20 pre‐transplant patients, all of whom showed negative CDC‐crossmatch results with donor cells and SAB signals ranging between 571 and 14899 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). DSA‐concentrations were found in the range between 11.2 and 1223 nM (median 81.1 nM), and their measured affinities fall between 0.055 and 24.7 nM (median 5.34 nM; 449‐fold difference). In 13 of 20 sera (65%), DSA accounted for more than 0.1% of total serum antibodies, and 4/20 sera (20%) revealed a proportion of DSA even higher than 1%. To conclude, this study strengthens the presumption that pre‐transplant patient DSA consists of various concentrations and different net affinities. Validation of these results in a larger patient cohort with clinical outcomes will be essential in a further step to assess the clinical relevance of DSA‐concentration and DSA‐affinity.