Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological and support interventions to reduce levels of stress, anxiety or depression on women’s subsequent pregnancy with a history of miscarriage: an empty systematic review

Objective The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of interventions to reduce stress in pregnant women with a history of miscarriage. Design A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Data source A total of 13 medical, psychological and social electronic databases were searched from January 1995 to April 2016 including PUBMED, CENTRAL, Web of Science and EMBASE. Eligibility criteria This review focused on women in their subsequent pregnancy following miscarriage. All published RCTs which assessed the effect of non-medical interventions such as counselling or support interventions on psychological and mental health outcomes such as stress, anxiety or depression when compared with a control group were included. Stress, anxiety or depression had to be measured at least preintervention and postintervention. Results This systematic review found no RCT which met our initial inclusion criteria. Of the 4140 titles screened, 17 RCTs were identified. All of them were excluded. One RCT, which implemented a caring-based intervention, included pregnant women in their subsequent pregnancy; however, miscarriage was analysed as a composite variable among other pregnancy losses such as stillbirth and neonatal death. Levels of perceived stress were measured by four RCTs. Different types of non-medical interventions, time of follow-up and small sample sizes were found. Conclusion Cohort studies and RCTs in non-pregnant women suggest that support and psychological interventions may improve pregnant women’s psychological well-being after miscarriage. This improvement may reduce adverse pregnancy-related outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. However, this review found no RCTs which met our criteria. There is a need for targeted RCTs that can provide reliable and conclusive results to determine effective interventions for this vulnerable group.
Vascular Progenitors and Smooth Muscle Cells Chicken and Egg?

The adventitia is composed of a heterogeneous population of cells, including quiescent resident inflammatory cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, and recent findings that the abundant presence of resident stem/progenitor cells have been also reported in the layer.1 The adventitia also contains a vasa vasorum, a complete vascular tree–like structure,2 including arterioles, capillaries, and veins. The vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators for the vessel wall function.3 In the adventitia of apoE-deficient mice, stem/progenitor cells expressing Sca1 have been identified, which may contribute to endothelial regeneration and smooth muscle accumulation in the neointimal lesions.4 Several groups5 also demonstrated that the adventitia of human vessels contains stem/progenitor cells with mesenchymal properties because they express vimentin, collagen-I, CD29, CD44, and CD105 and show adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. In addition, it was shown that CD34+/CD31− cells from the adventitia of human saphenous vein gave rise to a proliferative cell population with multilineage potential. In vivo these cells improved neovascularization after they were injected intramuscularly into murine ischemic limbs. Similarly, human aortic CD105+CD34−Flk-1+ cells displayed vasculogenic potential. Thus, adult arteries contain cells with characteristics of ancestral stem cells. Local Sca1+ myeloid progenitors with hematopoietic potential and residing in a similar adventitial niche6 were also identified. These results uncover the complexity of vascular stem cells, which could be closely related to vascular repair and disease development.5 However, little is known about the origins of these stem/progenitor cells in the adventitia. Article, see p 296 In this issue of Circulation Research , Majesky et al7 provided the first direct in vivo evidence that a proportion of Sca1+ progenitors can be …
Limited Access to Food and Physiological Trade‐Offs in a Long‐Distance Migrant Shorebird. II. Constitutive Immune Function and the Acute‐Phase Response

In response to unbalanced energy budgets, animals must allocate resources among competing physiological systems to maximize fitness. Constraints can be imposed on energy availability or energy expenditure, and adjustments can be made via changes in metabolism or trade‐offs with competing demands such as body‐mass maintenance and immune function. This study investigates changes in constitutive immune function and the acute‐phase response in shorebirds (red knots) faced with limited access time to food. We separated birds into two experimental groups receiving either 6 h or 22 h of food access and measured constitutive immune function. After 3 wk, we induced an acute‐phase response, and after 1 wk of recovery, we switched the groups to the opposite food treatment and measured constitutive immune function again. We found little effect of food treatment on constitutive immune function, which suggests that even under resource limitation, a baseline level of immune function is maintained. However, birds enduring limited access to food suppressed aspects of the acute‐phase response (decreased feeding and mass loss) to maintain energy intake, and they downregulated thermoregulatory adjustments to food treatment to maintain body temperature during simulated infection. Thus, under resource‐limited conditions, birds save energy on the most costly aspects of immune defense.
Online identity construction: How gamers redefine their identity in experiential communities

This research aims to understand how gamers redefine their identity by extending, aggregating, and assembling the different dimensions of the self in experiential online communities. The authors conducted a series of filmed in-depth and in game individual interviews, group interviews, informal conversations, and observation of online game sessions. A framework of online identity construction shows how gamers assemble their identities combining different self-dimensions, using two different strategies: self-extension and self-aggregation. Self-extension strategies consist in the idealization, development, and manipulation of avatars (their digital self). Self-aggregation strategies refer to group participation and sharing virtual possessions within groups of players. To bring their identities from the experiential community to the real life, gamers combine these strategies by assembling and materializing identities. This framework has theoretical implications for the self, identity, and sharing in online contexts. Finally, the paper considers managerial implications and future research directions in online communities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The GABAergic projection of the dentate gyrus to hippocampal area CA3 of the rat: pre‐ and postsynaptic actions after seizures

The glutamatergic granule cells of the dentate gyrus transiently express GABAergic markers after seizures. Here we show that when this occurs, their activation produces (i) GABAA receptor‐mediated synaptic field responses in CA3, with the physiological and pharmacological characteristics of mossy fibre transmission, and (ii) GABAA receptor‐mediated collateral inhibition. Control hippocampal slices present, on stimulation of the dentate gyrus, population responses in stratum lucidum, which are blocked by ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists. By contrast, in slices from rats subjected to seizures in vivo, dentate activation additionally produces GABAA receptor‐mediated field synaptic responses in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists. One‐dimensional current source density analysis confirmed the spatial coincidence of the glutamatergic and GABAergic dendritic currents. The GABAA receptor‐mediated field responses show frequency‐dependent facilitation and strong inhibition during activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. In the presence of glutamate receptor blockers, a conditioning pulse delivered to one site of the dentate gyrus inhibits the population synaptic response and the afferent volley provoked by the activation of a second site, in a bicuculline‐sensitive manner. In accordance with this, antidromic responses evoked by mossy fibre activation were enhanced by perfusion of bicuculline. Our results suggest that, for GABA receptor‐dependent field potentials to be detected, a considerable number of boutons of a well‐defined GABAergic pathway should simultaneously release GABA to act on a large number of receptors. Therefore, putative GABA release from the mossy fibres acts on pre‐ and postsynaptic sites to affect hippocampal activity at the network level after seizures.
SN 1994W: an interacting supernova or two interacting shells?

We present a multi-epoch quantitative spectroscopic analysis of the Type IIn supernova (Type IIn SN) 1994W, an event interpreted by Chugai et al. as stemming from the inter- action between the ejecta of a SN and a 0.4 Mcircumstellar shell ejected 1.5 yr before core collapse. During the brightening phase, our models suggest that the source of optical radiation is not unique, perhaps associated with an inner optically thick cold dense shell and outer op- tically thin shocked material. During the fading phase, our models support a single source of radiation, an hydrogen-rich optically thick layer with a near-constant temperature of ∼7000 K that recedes from a radius of 4.3 × 10 15 at a peak to 2.3 × 10 15 cm 40 d later. We reproduce the hybrid narrow-core broad-wing line profile shapes of SN 1994W at all times, invoking an optically thick photosphere exclusively (i.e. without any external optically thick shell). In SN 1994W, slow expansion makes scattering with thermal electrons a key escape mechanism for photons trapped in optically thick line cores, and allows the resulting broad incoherent electron-scattering wings to be seen around narrow-line cores. In SNe with larger expansion velocities, the thermal broadening due to incoherent scattering is masked by the broad profile and the dominant frequency redshift occasioned by bulk motions. Given the absence of broad lines at all times and the very low 56 Ni yields, we speculate whether SN 1994W could have resulted from an interaction between two ejected shells without core collapse. The high con- version efficiency of kinetic to thermal energy may not require a SN-like energy budget for
Towards automatic language evolution tracking A study on word sense tracking

Knowing about language evolution can significantly help to reveal lost information and help access documents containing language that has long since been forgotten. In this position paper we will report on our methods for finding word senses and show how these can be used to reveal important information about their evolution over time. We discuss the weaknesses of current approaches and outline future work to overcome these weaknesses.
THE EFFECT OF HABITAT ON PARENTAL AND HYBRID FITNESS: TRANSPLANT EXPERIMENTS WITH LOUISIANA IRISES

We performed transplant experiments with Louisiana irises to test the assumptions of three models of hybrid zone structure: the bounded hybrid superiority model, the mosaic model, and the tension zone model. Rhizomes of Iris fulva, I. hexagona, and F1 and F2 hybrids were planted at four sites in southeastern Louisiana in 1994. Wild irises grew at all four sites, but differed in genotypic composition among sites. The sites were characterized by (1) pure I. fulva plants; (2) I. fulva‐like hybrids; (3) I. hexagona‐like hybrids; and (4) pure I. hexagona plants. The sites differed significantly in light availability, soil moisture and chemical composition, and vegetation. Survival of transplants was high in all sites and did not differ significantly among plant classes. Iris hexagona produced significantly more leaf material than I. fulva at the I. hexagona and I. hexagona hybrid sites. The two species did not differ in leaf production at the I. fulva and I. fulva hybrid sites. Leaf production by both classes of hybrid was as great as, or significantly greater than, both parental classes in all sites. Iris hexagona rhizomes gained mass in the I. hexagona and I. hexagona hybrid sites, but lost mass in the I. fulva and I. fulva hybrid sites. Iris fulva rhizomes lost mass in all sites. There were no significant differences in rhizome growth among classes at the I. fulva site. At all other sites, F1 rhizomes grew significantly more than all other classes except for I. hexagona at the I. hexagona hybrid site. There were no significant differences among classes in the production of new ramets. Overall blooming frequencies were 30% for I. fulva, 10% for F1s, 3% for F2s, and 0.7% for I. hexagona. Blooming frequency did not differ among sites for I. fulva, but significantly more F1s bloomed at the I. hexagona site than at the I. fulva site. These results are inconsistent with all three models of hybrid zone structure. They suggest that once rhizomes become established, hybrids can reproduce by clonal growth as successfully as parents in all habitats, and can outperform them in some habitats. Clonal reproduction may ensure the long‐term survival of early generation hybrids and allow the establishment of introgressed populations, despite the fact that F1 hybrids are rarely produced in nature.
Inducing homeostatic-like plasticity in human motor cortex through converging corticocortical inputs.

Transcranial stimulation techniques have revealed homeostatic-like metaplasticity in the hand area of the human primary motor cortex (M1(HAND)) that controls stimulation-induced changes in corticospinal excitability. Here we combined two interventional protocols that induce long-term depression (LTD)-like or long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in left M1(HAND) through different afferents. We hypothesized that the left M1(HAND) would integrate LTP- and LTD-like plasticity in a homeostatic fashion. In ten healthy volunteers, low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left dorsal premotor cortex (PMD) was first applied to produce an LTP-like increase (5 Hz rTMS) or LTD-like decrease (1 Hz rTMS) in corticospinal excitability in left M1(HAND) via premotor-to-motor inputs. Following PMD rTMS, paired-associative stimulation (PAS) was applied to the right median nerve and left M1(HAND) to induce spike-time-dependent plasticity in sensory-to-motor inputs to left M1(HAND). We adjusted the interstimulus interval to the N20 latency of the median nerve somatosensory-evoked cortical potential to produce an LTP-like increase (PAS(N20+2ms)) or an LTD-like decrease (PAS(N20-5ms)) in corticospinal excitability. The amplitude of motor-evoked potentials was recorded from intrinsic hand muscles to assess stimulation-induced changes in corticospinal excitability. Premotor-to-motor preconditioning triggered a homeostatic response to subsequent sensory-to-motor PAS. After facilitatory 5 Hz rTMS, "facilitatory" PAS(N20+2ms) suppressed corticospinal excitability. Likewise, "inhibitory" PAS(N20-5ms) facilitated corticospinal excitability after "inhibitory" 1 Hz rTMS. There was a negative linear relationship between the excitability changes induced by PMD rTMS and those elicited by subsequent PAS. Excitability changes were not paralleled by changes in performance during a finger-tapping task. These results provide evidence for a homeostatic response pattern in the human M1(HAND) that integrates acute plastic changes evoked through different "input channels. "
Interpersonal Adaptation: Dyadic Interaction Patterns

List of figures and tables Preface Part I. Overview: 1. Introduction Part II. Interaction Adaptation Theories and Models: 2. Biological approaches 3. Arousal and affect approaches 4. Social norm approaches 5. Communication and cognitive approaches Part III. Issues in Studying Interaction Adaptation: 6. Reconceptualising interaction adaptation patterns 7. Operationalising adaptation patterns 8. Analysing adaptation patterns Part IV. Multimethod Tests of Reciprocity and Compensation: 9. A first illustration 10. Further illustrations Part V. Developing a New Interpersonal Adaptation Theory: 11. The theories revisited 12. A research agenda References Index.
The American Community College

There are approximately 1,100 community and technical colleges in the United States that enroll nearly half of all undergraduate college students. Due to their open-access mission, low tuition costs, and service to local communities, community colleges are often referred to as “the people’s college. ” For decades they have expanded access to higher education for historically underrepresented students, serving as a pipeline to 4-year colleges and an education and training provider to the local workforce. Yet, community colleges are often criticized for perpetuating social inequities and diverting the bachelor degree aspirations of their students. This course will engage this perennial equity debate and situate it within the history and evolution of community colleges. The course will explore the multiple and sometimes contradictory missions and functions of community colleges, the evolution of these missions, and their contemporary manifestations. Course topics include history and origins, local and state governance and administration, leadership, finance, curriculum, faculty, students, student outcomes, and contemporary issues and challenges, among others. The course critically examines community colleges and considers their position within the stratified system of postsecondary education in the United States.
Supporting polyrepresentation in a quantum-inspired geometrical retrieval framework

The relevance of a document has many facets, going beyond the usual topical one, which have to be considered to satisfy a user's information need. Multiple representations of documents, like user-given reviews or the actual document content, can give evidence towards certain facets of relevance. In this respect polyrepresentation of documents, where such evidence is combined, is a crucial concept to estimate the relevance of a document. In this paper, we discuss how a geometrical retrieval framework inspired by quantum mechanics can be extended to support polyrepresentation. We show by example how different representations of a document can be modelled in a Hilbert space, similar to physical systems known from quantum mechanics. We further illustrate how these representations are combined by means of the tensor product to support polyrepresentation, and discuss the case that representations of documents are not independent from a user point of view. Besides giving a principled framework for polyrepresentation, the potential of this approach is to capture and formalise the complex interdependent relationships that the different representations can have between each other.
Tick infestation patterns in the southern province of Zambia.

The species-patterns and incidence level of ticks on the larger wild animals and on rodents were examined between 1966 and 1969 in the Southern Province, Zambia. The rodents, except for the elephant shrew, porcupine, and hare, were infrequently infested. The antelopes, except for the eland, had a mean infestation of under nine per individual, the buffalo, zebra, suids and the eland over 20. Twenty species of ticks were found on these hosts. On the ruminants Hyalomma rufipes Koch was absent, and H. truncatum Koch was the most frequent; Rhipicephalus simus Koch, R. tricuspis Don. and R. pravus group were common. Boophilus decoloratus (Koch) was rare, R. evertsi Neum. infrequent except on zebra and lechwe, and R. appendiculatus Neum occurred on only four of the 15 ruminant species examined. Except on the elephant, Amblyomma was represented solely by A. pomposum Don. Periodic deticking of cattle, sheep and goats yielded precise quantitative information on the seasonal changes in incidence and species-patterns of ticks. Eighteen species were found on the domestic herbivores. On cattle B. decoloratus was usually numerous and often dominant, except where controlled by dipping or spraying. Compared with infestations on wild animals, H. rufipes was frequent, A. pomposum was replaced by A. variegatum (F.), and R. evertsi and R. appendiculatus were numerous; R. simus , R. tricuspis and the R. pravus group were usually in relatively low numbers. The proportions of the different species on cattle varied widely between the stations and at different seasons. Intensive stocking, with resultant grazing down of the fieldlayer, increased the R. evertsi numbers markedly throughout the year, and depressed the numbers of Hyalomma sp. , A. variegatum and of the less common Rhipicephalids during the dry season; except for A. variegatum , their numbers and those of R. appendiculatus rose, however, during the wet season to higher levels than on the less intensively stocked paddocks. Some evidence is presented that Barotse cattle are more heavily infested than Sindhi and Boran cattle.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Its3 and Calcineurin Ppb1 Coordinately Regulate Cytokinesis in Fission Yeast*

The ppb1 + gene encodes a fission yeast homologue of the mammalian calcineurin. We have recently shown that Ppb1 is essential for chloride ion homeostasis, and acts antagonistically with Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In an attempt to identify genes that share an essential function with calcineurin, we screened for mutations that confer sensitivity to the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and high temperature, and isolated a mutant, its3-1. its3 + was shown to be an essential gene encoding a functional homologue of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PI(4)P5K). The temperature upshift or addition of FK506 induced marked disorganization of actin patches and dramatic increase in the frequency of septation in theits3-1 mutants but not in the wild-type cells. Expression of a green fluorescent protein-tagged Its3 and the phospholipase Cδ pleckstrin homology domain indicated plasma membrane localization of PI(4)P5K and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. These green fluorescent protein-tagged proteins were concentrated at the septum of dividing cells, and the mutant Its3 was no longer localized to the plasma membrane. These data suggest that fission yeast PI(4)P5K Its3 functions coordinately with calcineurin and plays a key role in cytokinesis, and that the plasma membrane localization of Its3 is the crucial event in cytokinesis.
Shared Beliefs in a Society: Social Psychological Analysis

Sharing Beliefs in Groups A History of the Study of Shared Beliefs Nature of Societal Beliefs Formation, Dissemination, Maintenance and Change of Societal Beliefs Societal Beliefs about Patriotism Societal Beliefs about Security Societal Beliefs about Siege Societal Beliefs about Delgitimization The Ethos of a Society Societal Beliefs and Ethos Contribution to Societal Psychology