Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local Perceptions of the Sustainability of Alaska’s Highly Contested Cook Inlet Salmon Fisheries

Using a mixed set of ethnographic methods including interviews and a structured survey, we evaluate local perceptions about the sustainability of salmon fisheries among fishers of the Cook Inlet region of Alaska. A majority of residents report participating in these fisheries, but we find significant disagreement about their sustainability. Household income and the types of fishing practiced both influence people's responses, and many implicated specific user groups for overharvesting and/or for receiving unfair catch allocations. Drawing on the theoretical areas of information theory and political ecology, we argue that these findings reveal a complex interplay among the practical, social, and political aspects of how local resource users, or “local experts,” develop and communicate their assessments of ecological conditions in a context of conflict. We conclude with notes on future research as it relates to the successful design of local-management and co-management solutions, especially in settings where resources are contested by stakeholders.
Synchronization for Interactive Multimedia Presentations

When multimedia presentations allow users to make online adjustments such as reverse, skip, freeze-restart, and scale, maintaining temporal synchrony among several media streams becomes a complex modeling problem. Our approach uses dynamic extended finite-state machines for the task-an "actor" DEFSM for each medium and a "synchronizer" DEFSM to orchestrate them. This model achieves clear state-transition control flow and allows concise, precise specifications.
User requirements for not-for-profit entity financial reporting: an international comparison

This study investigates the not-for-profit (NFP) external financial reporting regulatory environments of the US, the UK, Canada and New Zealand and compares them with that of Australia. It finds a lack of clarity in the definition of a NFP entity under Australian accounting standards. The study also identifies various types of information that earlier research and the guidance in other countries suggest are useful to the users of NFP entities' financial statements. This information is not currently required under Australian accounting standards.
Why Do Real and Nominal Inventory-Sales Ratios Have Different Trends?

This note explains the diverging trends between real and nominal aggregate inventory-sales ratios. The combined effect of two features of the data explains the divergence. First, while aggregate sales include both goods and services, inventories include only goods. Second, there has been a strong secular decrease in the relative price of goods. The combination of these two factors causes the real and nominal aggregate inventory-sales ratios to have different trends.
Determinantes do desempenho da Indústria brasileira: uma investigação econométrica

Este trabalho representa uma contribuicao para ampliar o conhecimento dos deter­ minantes do desempenho industrial brasileiro, tanto ao nivel de fumas como de graus variados de agregacao de industrias. As tentativas anteriores neste sentido em que o desempenho era quase sempre avaliado pela magnitude das taxas de aesci­ mento da producao ou das taxas de retomo ao capital nao foram alem de sugerir, algo vagamente, que os altos indices de desempenho estariam associados a industrias moderruzl e/ou monopolizadas e, em contraste, os indices mais baixos identificariam as industrias tradicionais e/ou altamente competitivas. Procurou-se, aqui, formalizar um modelo capaz de explicar, de uma maneira mais rigorosa, as diferencas de desempenho, medido pela rentabilidade privada. Como resultado, foi possivel avaliar nao somente a influencia das variaveis estru­ turais de mercado, como tambem os efeitos de algumas caracteristicas institucionais da economia brasileira e de certos aspectos da politica economica recente.
Prenatal chromosomal diversification of leukemia in monozygotic twins

Previous studies on concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in identical twins have identified the leukemia as monoclonal with MLL or ETV6‐RUNX1 gene fusion as early or initiating events in utero. In the latter case, postnatal latency is associated with secondary genetic events such as ETV6 deletion. We describe here a pair of infant twins with concordant acute monoblastic leukemia (AML). They are a unique pair in that their leukemia blasts display extensive intraclonal chromosomal diversity. Comparison of the leukemic cells between the two twins by karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization identifies a common or shared stem line and extensive subclonal diversity for which the twins' leukemic populations are divergent. This case of leukemia illustrates in utero initiation with early imposition of chromosomal instability, the progressively divergent evolution of which can be mapped in the twins into pre‐ and postnatal periods. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demo: Experimental Feasibility Study of CCN-lite on Contiki Motes for IoT Data Streams

Many IoT applications are inherently information-centric, making it advantageous to use ICN transport. We demonstrate CCN-lite ported to run on Contiki sensor motes with limited processing and storage resources. We show a method for mapping streams of sensor data to a stream of immutable CCN named data objects, and an adaptive probing method to find the newest value. We also demonstrate interoperation between MQTT and CCN via a gateway. A higher level goal is to use ICN as an open interface for accessing IoT data.
Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow Considering Correlations of Wind Speeds Following Different Distributions

This paper presents a probabilistic optimal power flow (POPF) technique considering the correlations of wind speeds following arbitrary probability distributions based on the point estimation method (PEM). Correlated wind speeds following different distributions are transformed into random variables following correlated normal distributions and then independent normal distributions so that the traditional 2m+1 point estimation method can be applied to solve the probabilistic optimal power flow with wind speed correlations. The IEEE 14-bus system, IEEE 118-bus system and an actual utility system in the southwest of China with additional wind farms are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.
Stimulation of P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 on mouse neutrophils activates β2 ‐integrin mediated cell attachment to ICAM‐1

The entry of neutrophils into inflamed tissues is initiated by cell rolling on the blood vessel wall followed by arrest and transendothelial migration. Rolling is mediated by the selectins, while the two subsequent steps require activated β2 ‐integrins. We have investigated whether the binding of P‐selectin to mouse neutrophils could trigger the activation of β2 ‐integrins. We show that cross‐linking of P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1) on mouse neutrophils with an antibody‐like recombinant form of P‐selectin or with monoclonal antibodies stimulated the production of reactive oxygen intermediates and enhanced neutrophil attachment to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1)‐expressing CHO cells. This effect was independent of whether complete antibodies or F(ab ′ )2 fragments were used. The adhesion‐stimulating effect of P‐selectin could be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against PSGL‐1. Increase of cell attachment was dependent on lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1 (LFA‐1) and on Mac‐1, since it could be blocked with antibodies against both respective integrin α‐chains. Moreover, cell surface expression of Mac‐1 increased upon cross‐linking of PSGL‐1. In agreement with published data, treatment of human neutrophils with P‐selectin‐IgG did not enhance attachment to ICAM‐1. Our data suggest that ligation of PSGL‐1 on mouse neutrophils, but not on human neutrophils, activates β2 ‐integrin mediated cell attachment to ICAM‐1.
THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CZECH LABOUR MARKET AFTER THE 2004 EU ENLARGEMENT

This paper examines whether there has been a significant change in the performance of the Czech labour market after the Czech Republic’s EU Accession in May 2004. We analyse methodological changes of measuring unemployment caused by inevitable legislative adjustments and follow the development of the Czech labour market and the inflows of foreign workers to the Czech Republic over the past two decades. Our results show that the EU Accession resulted in simplifying foreigners’ access to the Czech labour market and did not cause a significant change in its performance. Our findings might be of some relevance for the countries seeking EU Membership in the near future (e.g., Serbia or Montenegro).
Challenges for the development of female-controlled vaginal microbicides.

The development and testing of safe, effective, and affordable microbicidal products for women at risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) raise complex scientific, ethical, and political issues. Ideal would by range of products (gels, foams, suppositories) that protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases without impairing conception. This, in turn, requires the development of vaginal compounds that prevent the attachment of HIV-infected lymphocytes to epithelial surfaces, the secretion of virus from these cells, or the uptake of the virus by the mucosal epithelium with minimal cell membrane disruption. Problematic would be the design of a Phase III effectiveness trail that distributes the burdens and benefits of research equitably and provides controls with an alternate means of protection against HIV while maintaining scientific rigor. Since clinical trials call for a study population with a high seroincidence rate attributable primarily to the sexual transmission of HIV, prostitutes are the logical choice of subjects; sex workers are, however, the women most vulnerable to physical and economic exploitation. Women's input will be essential at each stage of development and testing, and such consultation can provide valuable feedback on method of application and timing of insertion. Finally, public-sector organizations must assume a leadership role in the coordination of the development of HIV prevention technologies.
Interbull - past, present and future

Conversion equations were a useful and simple way to compare bulls evaluated in different countries but they were not ideal. Schaeffer(1994) proposed a better method. He suggested using daughter yield deviations (DYDs) for each sire in each country as data in a multi-trait BLUP where milk yield (or any other variable) is treated as a different trait in each country. This is conceptually the same model as used for conversions, involving the same a and b, but makes better use of the data. It uses all the relatives of a bull in all countries to estimate breeding values for the bull for production in all countries.
Analysis of Precipitation and Saturated Thickness in the Texas

All contributions are greatly valued and it is great to see the full spectrum of research activities in the Department on display. Nevertheless, the principle reason behind the event continues to be the celebration of research accomplishments by our graduating students. Their contributions will be shown in and around room 230 (the same place as the coffee and cookies); abstracts are marked by a † in this volume. A quick note on the vibrancy of undergraduate research – I believe we will have >10 posters from such students this year.
Rapid Recovery Protocols and Minimally Invasive Surgery Help Achieve High Knee Flexion

Although the primary goal of total knee arthroplasty is to relieve pain, the attainment of high flexion has emerged as an important secondary goal. Clinical pathways are evolving and focus on rapid recovery. The entire perioperative process for the patient and family, including office and hospital procedures, has been streamlined and patients are advised from the initial evaluation they will be able to quickly return to activities of daily living. Currently, patients are out of bed within hours of surgery, engaging in activities that require a substantial range of motion in the treated knee. They are frequently discharged directly to home within 24 to 48 hours. We retrospectively reviewed two groups of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty whose perioperative management differed only by surgical approach, namely, standard versus less invasive. Refined perioperative protocols in combination with a less invasive, mini-arthrotomy approach using special instrumentation resulted in earlier discharge to home, higher range of motion and improved clinical and pain scores. Level of Evidence: Level II, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Toward Elastic Distributed SDN/NFV Controller for 5G Mobile Cloud Management Systems

Future 5G mobile network architecture is expected to offer capacities to accommodate the inexorable rise in mobile data traffic and to meet further stringent latency and reliability requirements to support diverse high data rate applications and services. Mobile cloud computing (MCC) in 5G has emerged as a key paradigm, promising to augment the capability of mobile devices through provisioning of computational resources on demand, and enabling resource-constrained mobile devices to offload their processing and storage requirements to the cloud infrastructure. Follow-me cloud (FMC), in turn, has emerged as a concept that allows seamless migration of services according to the corresponding users mobility. Meanwhile, software-defined networking (SDN) is a new paradigm that permits the decoupling of the control and data planes of traditional networks and provides programmability and flexibility, allowing the network to dynamically adapt to change traffic patterns and user demands. While the SDN implementations are gaining momentum, the control plane is still suffering from scalability and performance concerns for a very large network. In this paper, we address these scalability and performance issues in the context of 5G mobile networks by introducing a novel SDN/OpenFlow-based architecture and control plane framework tailored for MCC-based systems and more specifically for FMC-based systems where mobile nodes and network services are subject to constraints of movements and migrations. Contrary to a centralized approach with a single SDN controller, our approach permits the distribution of the SDN/OpenFlow control plane on a two-level hierarchical architecture: a first level with a Global FMC Controller (G-FMCC), and a second level with several Local FMC Controllers (L-FMCCs). Thanks to our control plane framework and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) concept, the L-FMCCs are deployed on-demand, where and when needed, depending on the global system load. Results obtained via analysis show that our solution ensures more efficient management of control plane, performance maintaining, and network resources preservation.
ESMPE: A combined strategy for school tuberculosis prevention and control proposed by Dalian, China

Background Although China has paid more attention on the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB) in schools, several unsolved questions in this field still threaten the progress of TB control. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic and practical strategy for Chinese school TB prevention and control system. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of a combined strategy named ESMPE (examination, screening, monitoring, prevention and education) that adhere to the basic principles of Chinese schools TB control strategy. Methods The ESMPE strategy included five sections, namely TB screening during physical examination for the school freshmen entrances, screening of close contacts, monitoring of high-risk schools, preventive treatment and TB education. The effectiveness of ESMPE strategy was evaluated from 2011 to 2016. The original data were provided by the Dalian Tuberculosis Hospital. Descriptive analysis and nonparametric tests were used for comparing statistical differences of results between different years. Results The detection rate of active pulmonary TB in school freshmen was decreased from 2011 to 2016 (χ2 = 41.941, P = 6.0551E-8). 97.22% (17,043/17,530) of close contacts experienced close contacts screening, and the secondary attack rate (SAR) of TB in schools fell by 146.35/105 from 2011 to 2012, and finally reduced to 85.57/105 in 2016. There was a significant correlation between SAR of student TB and the rate of screened close contacts (r = -0.924, P = 0.009). TB incidence of five monitored schools had a substantial decline after receiving monitoring, and this declining trend continued in 2016. Due to the TB education and advanced screening methods, the mean of diagnostic delay time in students with TB was shortened (15.71 days), while still fewer latent TB infection students received preventive treatment (30.38%). Conclusions The ESMPE strategy has shown a favorable effect on TB prevention and control in Dalian schools. More systematic evidence is needed on the effect of this strategy in reducing the incidence of TB in schools from other settings prior to its further scaling-up in China.
How does the content of consultations affect the recognition by general practitioners of major depression in women?

BACKGROUND Major depression is a common and disabling condition. However, for many reasons, the condition is not recognized in about half of the patients with major depression. AIM The aim of the study was to establish whether the content of general practice consultations affected general practitioners' recognition of major depressive illness in women patients. METHOD The 30-item general health questionnaire was used as a first stage screening instrument for psychiatric morbidity. Patients newly recognized as depressed by their general practitioner and those not recognized as depressed who scored 11 or more on the questionnaire were interviewed, usually within three days of consulting their general practitioner, using the combined psychiatric interview. Videorecordings of the consultations for these two groups of women were analysed; analyses were based on mentions of physical, psychiatric and social symptoms and on whether the first mention of a psychiatric symptom was within the first four mentions of any symptoms (early in the consultation) or after four mentions of any symptoms (late) or if psychiatric symptoms were not mentioned. RESULTS A paired sample of 72 women with major depression was obtained from patients consulting 36 general practitioners, each general practitioner providing one patient whom he or she had correctly recognized as being depressed and one patient whose depression had not been recognized. Women with major depression were about five times more likely to have their depression recognized if they mentioned their psychiatric symptoms early in the consultation compared with those who either left it later to mention such symptoms or never mentioned them. Major depression was more likely to be recognized if no physical illness was present. After adjusting for physical illness, depression was 10 times less likely to be recognized if the first psychiatric symptom was mentioned late in the consultation, or not mentioned at all, than if it was mentioned early in the consultation. CONCLUSION General practitioners need to remember that patients who present with symptoms of physical illness may also have depression. They also need to remember to give equal importance diagnostically to mentions of symptoms at whatever point they occur in the consultation, regardless of the presence or absence of physical illness.
Corrinoid-Dependent Methyl Transfer Reactions Are Involved in Methanol and 3,4-Dimethoxybenzoate Metabolism by Sporomusa ovata

Washed and air-oxidized proteins from Sporomusa ovata cleaved the C-O bond of methanol or methoxyaromatics and transferred the methyl to dl-tetrahydrofolate. The reactions strictly required a reductive activation by titanium citrate, catalytic amounts of ATP, and the addition of dl-tetrahydrofolate. Methylcorrinoid-containing proteins carried the methanol methyl, which was transferred to dl-tetrahydrofolate at a specific rate of 120 nmol h-1 mg of protein-1. Tetrahydrofolate methylation diminished after the addition of 1-iodopropane or when the methyl donor methanol was replaced by 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate. However, whole Sporomusa cells utilize the methoxyl groups of 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate as a carbon source by a sequential O demethylation to 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. The in vitro O demethylation of 3,4-[4-methoxyl-14C]dimethoxybenzoate proceeded via two distinct corrinoid-containing proteins to form 5-[14C]methyltetrahydrofolate at a specific rate of 200 nmol h-1 mg of protein-1. Proteins from 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate-grown cells efficiently used methoxybenzoates with vicinal substituents only, but they were unable to activate methanol. These results emphasized that specific enzymes are involved in methanol activation as well as in the activation of various methoxybenzoates and that similar corrinoid-dependent methyl transfer pathways are employed in 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate formation from these substrates. Methyl-tetrahydrofolate could be demethylated by a distinct methyl transferase. That enzyme activity was present in washed and air-oxidized cell extracts from methanol-grown cells and from 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate-grown cells. It used cob(I)alamin as the methyl acceptor in vitro, which was methylated at a rate of 48 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1 even when ATP was omitted from the assay mixture. This methyl-cob(III)alamin formation made possible a spectrophotometric quantification of the preceding methyl transfers from methanol or methoxybenzoates to dl-tetrahydrofolate.
Cerebellar hypoplasia—endosteal sclerosis: A long term follow‐up

Cerebellar hypoplasia with endosteal sclerosis is an infrequent entity that has been described in only four cases. Major clinical symptoms are cerebellar hypoplasia causing ataxia, hypotonia, mild to moderate developmental delay, microcephaly, growth retardation, endosteal sclerosis, tooth eruption disturbances, and hip dislocations. We report on a girl with this entity, whom we followed for 11 years. The endosteal sclerosis remained stationary over time, as were the clinical neurological symptoms, but neuroadiological symptoms were slowly progressive. We provide a short review of this probably autosomal recessively inherited disorder. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards an e-waste management framework in Kenya

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of e-waste management practices in Kenya and selected countries. It develops an ideal regulatory framework for e-waste management in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology adopted for this paper includes collecting data using interviews, direct observation and literature review. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used. Findings – Waste is an emerging stream of solid waste in Kenya. It has become a major concern due to the high volumes generated, its hazardous fractions and the lack of policies applicable to its disposal. Gaps are identified in the areas of awareness levels, e-waste management technology, financing, collection, disposal, monitoring, and stakeholder collaboration. Research limitations/implications – The study area is limited to Nairobi and its environs. With regard to product, the paper focuses on ICT equipment. Practical implications – The proposed framework has direct practical policy implications to ma.