Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma arising on human papillomavirus‐independent precursors mimicking high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesion: a distinct and highly recurrent subtype of vulvar cancer

Each category of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated and HPV‐independent, arises on a specific intra‐epithelial precursor: high‐grade squamous intra‐epithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intra‐epithelial neoplasia (dVIN), respectively. However, a subset of HPV‐independent VSCC arises on an intra‐epithelial precursor closely mimicking HSIL. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological features of the HPV‐independent tumours with HSIL‐like lesions and compare them with HPV‐independent VSCC with dVIN and HPV‐associated tumours with HSIL.
Oceanographic–topographic interactions in acoustic propagation in the Iceland–Faeroes front region

Effects of oceanographic variation with distance on long‐range, low‐frequency acoustic propagation in the Iceland–Faeroes front region of the ocean are considered in the presence of realistic topographic variations. A numerical model using a parabolic approximation to the Helmholtz equation, a fluid sediment parametrization and variable topography, is used to calculate acoustic propagation. Oceanographic sound‐speed fields output from the Harvard Open Ocean Model, supplemented by climatology in deep regions, provide input sound‐speed profiles. Two different propagation transects are considered, both running from shallow to deep water across a developing eddy and across the front. Source depths near the surface, middle, and bottom of the shallow starting profile are studied. Some cases of near invariance to oceanographic changes are found, as are other cases of locally large oceanographic effects (≳30 dB).
A Multilayered Mesoporous Gold Nanoarchitecture for Ultraeffective Near-Infrared Light-Controlled Chemo/Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Guided by SERS Imaging.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging has emerged as a promising tool for guided cancer diagnosis and synergistic therapies, such as combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (chemo-PTT). Yet, existing therapeutic agents often suffer from low SERS sensitivity, insufficient photothermal conversion, or/and limited drug loading capacity. Herein, a multifunctional theragnostic nanoplatform consisting of mesoporous silica-coated gold nanostar with a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-coated gold nanocluster shell (named RGD-pAS@AuNC) is reported that exhibits multiple "hot spots" for pronouncedly enhanced SERS signals and improved near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermal conversion efficiency (85.5%), with a large capacity for high doxorubicin (DOX) loading efficiency (34.1%, named RGD/DOX-pAS@AuNC) and effective NIR-triggered DOX release. This nanoplatform shows excellent performance in xenograft tumor model of HeLa cell targeting, negligible cytotoxicity, and good stability both in vitro and in vivo. By SERS imaging, the optimal temporal distribution of injected RGD/DOX-pAS@AuNCs at the tumor site is identified for NIR-triggered local chemo-PTT toward the tumor, achieving ultraeffective therapy in tumor cells and tumor-bearing mouse model with 5 min of NIR irradiation (0.5 W cm-2 ). This work offers a promising approach to employing SERS imaging for effective noninvasive tumor treatment by on-site triggered chemo-PTT.
Prevalence and Readmission Rates of Discharge Directly Home From the PICU: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES: Critically ill patients are increasingly being discharged directly home from PICU as opposed to discharged home, via the ward. The objective was to assess the prevalence, safety, and satisfaction of discharge directly home from PICUs. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL for studies published between January 1991 and June 2021. STUDY SELECTION: We included observational or randomized studies, of children up to 18 years old, that reported on the prevalence, safety, or satisfaction of discharge directly home from the PICU, compared with the ward. Safety outcomes included readmission, unplanned visits to hospital, and any adverse events. We excluded case series, reviews, and studies discharging patients to other facilities. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers evaluated 88 full-text articles; five studies met eligibility (362,868 patients). Only one study had discharge directly home as a primary outcome. DATA SYNTHESIS: Prevalence of discharge directly to home from the PICU ranged from less than 1% to 23% (random effects proportion 7.7 [95% CI, 1.3–18.6]). Readmissions to the PICU (only safety outcome) were significantly lower in the discharge directly home group compared with the ward group, in two of three studies (p < 0.0001). No studies reported on patient or family satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of discharge directly home from the PICU ranges from 1% to 23%. PICU readmission rates do not appear to increase after discharge directly home. Caution is needed in the interpretation of the results, given the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. Further high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the safety of discharge directly home from the PICU and support families in this transition.
Weighting exponent m in fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm

The weighting exponent m is an important parameter in fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm. In this paper, three basic problems about m in FCM algorithm: clustering validity method based on optimal m (or whether does optimal m exist), how does m effect on the performance of fuzzy clustering, and which is the proper range of m in general applications, are studied with the knee of objective function Jm, and fuzzy decision-making methods. Numerical experimental results show that the optimal m* for specific data set does exist. Moreover, a group of numerical experimental results indicate that, within the range of m (epsilon) (1.5, 3.5), the optimal m* monotone increase linearly against the separability (rho) of data set. So in practical applications, one can choose the value of m within the range of [1.5, 3.5].
INCLUSION PRINCIPLE AND OVERLAPPING DECOMPOSITIONS OF DISTRIBUTED-TIME-DELAY SYSTEMS

Abstract The inclusion principle for distributed-time-delay systems is defined. The properties of input-output map equivalence and preservation of stability between two systems, one of which includes the other, are presented. Controller and observer design, using the inclusion principle, are also discussed. Finally, overlapping decompositions of distributed-time-delay systems is illustrated. The use of overlapping decompositions in controller and observer design is also presented.
Using a population-based Kalman estimator to model the COVID-19 epidemic in France: estimating associations between disease transmission and non-pharmaceutical interventions

Abstract In response to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, governments have adopted a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI). These include stringent measures such as strict lockdowns, closing schools, bars and restaurants, curfews, and barrier gestures such as mask-wearing and social distancing. Deciphering the effectiveness of each NPI is critical to responding to future waves and outbreaks. To this end, we first develop a dynamic model of the French COVID-19 epidemics over a one-year period. We rely on a global extended Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) mechanistic model of infection that includes a dynamic transmission rate over time. Multilevel data across French regions are integrated using random effects on the parameters of the mechanistic model, boosting statistical power by multiplying integrated observation series. We estimate the parameters using a new population-based statistical approach based on a Kalman filter, used for the first time in analysing real-world data. We then fit the estimated time-varying transmission rate using a regression model that depends on the NPIs while accounting for vaccination coverage, the occurrence of variants of concern (VoC), and seasonal weather conditions. We show that all NPIs considered have an independent significant association with transmission rates. In addition, we show a strong association between weather conditions that reduces transmission in summer, and we also estimate increased transmissibility of VoC.
Knowledge level of cardio-oncology in oncologist and cardiologist: a survey in China

Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Echocardiography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China; Second Breast Surgery, Xinjiang Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
Evidence That Event Boundaries Are Access Points for Memory Retrieval

When recalling memories, we often scan information-rich continuous episodes, for example, to find our keys. How does our brain access and search through those memories? We suggest that high-level structure, marked by event boundaries, guides us through this process: In our computational model, memory scanning is sped up by skipping ahead to the next event boundary upon reaching a decision threshold. In adult Mechanical Turk workers from the United States, we used a movie (normed for event boundaries; Study 1, N = 203) to prompt memory scanning of movie segments for answers (Study 2, N = 298) and mental simulation (Study 3, N = 100) of these segments. Confirming model predictions, we found that memory-scanning times varied as a function of the number of event boundaries within a segment and the distance of the search target to the previous boundary (the key diagnostic parameter). Mental simulation times were also described by a skipping process with a higher skipping threshold than memory scanning. These findings identify event boundaries as access points to memory.
The metal-semiconductor interface: Si (111) and zincblende (110) junctions

The metal-semiconductor interface is analysed by means of a simple method, which includes both the effects of virtual surface states and the many-electron interaction. This model is used to obtain the barrier height phi Bn for the junctions of Si (111) with Al and Na; the results are in good agreement with experimental data. The trend on going from covalent to increasingly ionic semiconductors is also studied for junctions of zincblende (110) compounds for different metals. The results do not show the transition from Barden-like to Schottky-like behaviour displayed by experimental data.
The silicon route to a primary realization of the new kilogram

The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM), at its 24th meeting, took note of the intention of the CIPM to revise the SI such that the new definition of the kilogram will be based on a fixed value of the Planck constant. Thus, any experiment providing a direct link between the Planck constant and a macroscopic mass, and not including any traceability to another primary kilogram standard, can be considered as a primary method for the realization of the new kilogram. In this letter we show that a silicon single crystal, as used in the Si-Avogadro experiment, is suitable as a primary kilogram standard according to the new proposed definition. We further discuss its potential with regard to the achievable relative uncertainty, which has to be 2 × 10−8 or better to serve all dissemination needs for the unit kilogram. This silicon route to the primary realization of the new kilogram represents a method which is completely independent of the alternative watt balance approach.
Changes in resting state networks in high school football athletes across a single season

Objective: The aim of this pilot cohort study was to examine changes in the organization of resting-state brain networks in high school football athletes and its relationship to exposure to on-field head impacts over the course of a single season. Methods: Seventeen male high school football players underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging and computerized neurocognitive testing (CNS Vital Signs) before the start of contact practices and again after the conclusion of the season. The players were equipped with helmet accelerometer systems (Head Impact Telemetry System) to record head impacts in practices and games. Graph theory analysis was applied to study intranetwork local efficiency and strength of connectivity within six anatomically defined brain networks. Results: We observed a significant decrease in the local efficiency (−24.9 ± 51.4%, r = 0.7, p < 0.01) and strength (−14.5 ± 26.8%, r = 0.5, p < 0.01) of functional connectivity within the frontal lobe resting-state network and strength within the parietal lobe resting-state network (−7.5 ± 17.3%, r = 0.1, p < 0.01), as well as a concomitant increase in the local efficiency (+55.0 +/- 59.8%, r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and strength (+47.4 +/- 47.3%, r = 0.5, p < 0.01) within the mediotemporal networks. These alterations in network organization were associated with changes in performance on verbal memory (p < 0.05) and executive function (p < 0.05). We did not observe a significant relationship between the frequency or cumulative magnitude of impacts sustained during the season and neurocognitive or imaging outcomes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest the efficiency and strength of resting-state networks are altered across a season of high school football, but the association of exposure levels to subconcussive impacts is unclear. Advances in knowledge: The efficiency of resting-state networks is dynamic in high school football athletes; such changes may be related to impacts sustained during the season, though further study is needed.
Variational solutions for Hermite–Gaussian solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media

The physical features exhibited by Hermite–Gaussian (HG) beams propagating in nonlocal nonlinear media with Gaussian-shaped response are discussed with an approximate variational method. Using direct numerical simulations, we find that the beam properties in the normalized system are different with the change of the degree of nonlocality. It is shown that initial HG profiles break up into several individual beams with propagation when the degree of nonlocality α is small. HG beams can propagate stably when α is large enough.
Pol32, an accessory subunit of DNA polymerase delta, plays an essential role in genome stability and pathogenesis of Candida albicans

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is a pathobiont that inflicts serious bloodstream fungal infections in individuals with compromised immunity and gut dysbiosis. Genomic diversity in the form of copy number alteration, ploidy variation, and loss of heterozygosity as an adaptive mechanism to adverse environments is frequently observed in C. albicans. Such genomic variations also confer a varied degree of fungal virulence and drug resistance, yet the factors propelling these are not completely understood. DNA polymerase delta (Polδ) is an essential replicative DNA polymerase in the eukaryotic cell and is yet to be characterized in C. albicans. Therefore, this study was designed to gain insights into the role of Polδ, especially its non-essential subunit Pol32, in the genome plasticity and life cycle of C. albicans. PCNA, the DNA clamp, recruits Polδ to the replication fork for processive DNA replication. Unlike in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the PCNA interaction protein (PIP) motif of CaPol32 is critical for Polδ’s activity during DNA replication. Our comparative genetic analyses and whole-genome sequencing of POL32 proficient and deficient C. albicans cells revealed a critical role of Pol32 in DNA replication, cell cycle progression, and genome stability as SNPs, indels, and repeat variations were largely accumulated in pol32 null strain. The loss of pol32 in C. albicans conferred cell wall deformity; Hsp90 mediated azoles resistance, biofilm development, and a complete attenuation of virulence in an animal model of systemic candidiasis. Thus, although Pol32 is dispensable for cell survival, its function is essential for C. albicans pathogenesis; and we discuss its translational implications in antifungal drugs and whole-cell vaccine development.
Spectral Distribution and Color of Tropical Daylight

The details of a study of the spectral energy distribution from 340 to 700 mμ of light from the northwestern sky at New Delhi, India, during the monsoon months of July, August, and September are given, along with a brief description of the salient features of the curves. The CIE color coordinates and the correlated color temperatures have been determined for all the curves. These and the results of earlier workers have been discussed in relation to the Abbot–Gibson curve and the E1–E2 curve of Henderson and Hodgkiss.
Phase transformation in hexagonal ErMnO3 under high pressure

The pressure-induced phase transition of the hexagonal manganite ErMnO3 has been investigated using the synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique up to 57.6 GPa in a diamond anvil cell. The hexagonal structure exhibits anisotropic compression behavior. The bulk modulus (B0) is 168(3) GPa with B0′ = 4.0 (fixed). At room temperature, ErMnO3 undergoes a hexagonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition at ∼20.2 GPa, but coexists with the orthorhombic phase up to the highest pressure of 57.6 GPa. When laser-heated to 1500-2000 K, the hexagonal ErMnO3 transforms to a denser orthorhombic perovskite structure completely at ∼17 GPa, accompanied by ∼11% volume reduction. The distortion and tilts of the octahedra MnO6 in the orthorhombic structure decrease with increasing pressure. The bulk modulus of the orthorhombic structure is 214(4) GPa with B0′ = 4.0 (fixed), larger than that of the hexagonal structure. The orthorhombic structure ErMnO3 is stable at least up to ∼45 GPa and can be quenched.
The Supplementary Motor Area and Automatic Cognitive Control: Lack of Evidence from Two Neuromodulation Techniques

Abstract The SMA is fundamental in planning voluntary movements and execution of some cognitive control operations. Specifically, the SMA has been known to play a dominant role in controlling goal-directed actions as well as those that are highly predicted (i.e., automatic). Yet, the essential contribution of SMA in goal-directed or automatic control of behavior is scarce. Our objective was to test the possible direct role of SMA in automatic and voluntary response inhibition. We separately applied two noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) inhibitory techniques over SMA: either continuous theta-burst stimulation using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial static magnetic field stimulation. Each NIBS technique was performed in a randomized, crossover, sham-controlled design. Before applying NIBS, participants practiced a go/no-go learning task where associations between stimulus and stopping behaviors were created (initiation and inhibition). After applying each NIBS, participants performed a go/no-go task with reversed associations (automatic control) and the stop signal task (voluntary control). Learning associations between stimuli and response initiation/inhibition was achieved by participants and therefore automatized during training. However, no significant differences between real and sham NIBS were found in either automatic (go/no-go learning task) or voluntary inhibition (stop signal task), with Bayesian statistics providing moderate evidence of absence. In conclusion, our results are compatible with a nondirect involvement of SMA in automatic control of behavior. Further studies are needed to prove a noncausal link between prior neuroimaging findings relative to SMA controlling functions and the observed behavior.
Preview-based stable-inversion for output tracking

Stable inversion techniques can be used to achieve high-accuracy output tracking. However, for nonminimum phase systems, the inverse is noncausal-hence the inverse has to be precomputed using a pre-specified desired-output trajectory. This requirement for pre-specification of the desired output restricts the use of inversion-based approaches to trajectory planning problems (for nonminimum phase systems). In the article, it is shown that preview information of the desired output can be used to achieve online inversion-based output tracking of linear systems. The amount of preview-time needed is quantified in terms of the tracking error and the internal dynamics of the system (zeros of the system). The methodology is applied to the online output tracking of a flexible structure and experimental results are presented.
Simple adjoint method for three‐dimensional wind retrievals from single‐Doppler radar

A new simple adjoint (SA) method is developed for retrieving three‐dimensional wind from single‐Doppler observations. The method uses the full momentum equations and the mass continuity equation as weak constraints, in addition to the strong constraints of the radial‐wind and reflectivity equations. With these weak constraints, the unknown source term in the previous two‐dimensional SA method is now explicitly estimated in terms of perturbation pressure and buoyancy. This improves the wind retrievals, although the retrieved perturbation pressure and buoyancy may not be accurate. Bi‐spline basis functions are used to express the retrieved fields on coarse finite‐element meshes. The bi‐spline representation filters short‐wave noise and effectively reduces the number of unknowns that need to be retrieved, so the retrievals are further improved. The method is tested with Doppler‐radar data collected during the Phoenix II field experiment. The retrieved winds are very close to the dual‐Doppler observed winds and the difference is about 1.0 m s−1. The retrievals can be further improved by adding smoothness constraints in the cost function, especially when the bi‐spline representation is not used. The robustness of the method is examined in terms of sensitivities to the weights specified for the weak constraints in the cost function.
Recent advances in drug delivery systems for targeting brain tumors

Abstract Brain tumor accounts for about 1.6% of incidence and 2.5% of mortality of all tumors, and the median survival for brain tumor patients is only about 20 months. The treatment for brain tumor still faces many challenges, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), the overexpressed efflux pumps, the infiltration, invasion, high heterogeneity of tumor cells, drug resistance and immune escape caused by tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer stem cells (CSC). This review attempts to clarify the challenges for multi-functional nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) to cross the BBB and target the cancer cells or organelles, and also provides a brief description of the different types of targeted multi-functional NDDS that have shown potential for success in delivering drugs to the brain. Further, this review also summarizes the research progress of multi-functional NDDS in the combination therapy of brain tumors from the following sections, the combination of chemotherapy drugs, chemotherapy-chemodynamic combination therapy, chemotherapy-immunization combination therapy, and chemotherapy-gene combination therapy. We also provide an insight into the recent advances in designing multi-functional NDDS for combination therapy.