Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A radio catalog of Galactic HII regions for applications from decimeter to millimeter wavelengths

LBNL, SSL, Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAReceived July 27, 2002; accepted October 10, 2002Abstract. By collecting the information from 24 previously published lists and catalogs, we produce a compre-hensive catalog (Master Catalog) of 1442 Galactic HII regions. For each object, we quote the original ﬂuxes anddiameters as well as the available information on radio line velocities, line widths and line temperatures andthe errors on these quantitities. References to the original works are also reported. By exploiting all these datawe produce a Synthetic Catalog of ﬂuxes and diameters (with corresponding errors) at 2.7 GHz. This choiceis motivated by the extensive, although not complete, information available at this frequency, widely spreadamong many diﬀerent catalogs, and by its relevance for both detailed studies on Galactic HII regions and theextrapolation up to millimetric wavelengths. The catalog can be used for detailed studies of Galactic HII regionsand, by extrapolation, for investigations of HII regions up to millimetric wavelengths. In particular, we discussthe study of the eﬀects of microwave emission from HII regions on the new generation of Cosmic MicrowaveBackground (CMB) experiments. We present simulations of the detection of HII regions in the Planck highresolution CMB survey, and brieﬂy analize some of the typical applications of our catalog to the evaluation ofCMB anisotropy experiments such as calibration, beam reconstruction and straylight eﬀects. The Master Catalogand the Synthetic Catalog are available via ftp at: cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr. This work is related to Planck-LFIactivities.Key words. HII Regions – Catalogs – cosmic microwave background
On the convergence of right transforming iterations for the numerical solution of PDE‐constrained optimization problems

We present an iterative solver, called right transforming iterations (or right transformations), for linear systems with a certain structure in the system matrix, such as they typically arise in the framework of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions for optimization problems under PDE constraints. The construction of the right transforming scheme depends on an inner approximate solver for the underlying PDE subproblems. We give a rigorous convergence proof for the right transforming iterative scheme in dependence on the convergence properties of the inner solver. Provided that a fast subsolver is available, this iterative scheme represents an efficient way of solving first‐order optimality conditions. Numerical examples endorse the theoretically predicted contraction rates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Government Violence and Repression: An Agenda for Research

A form of terrorism that is receiving increased attention is human rights abuses on the part of individual states. This study, written by specialists from several countries, attempts to define the parameters of state terrorism, analyze its causes, and identify the types of data and methods needed for policy-relevant research. It focuses on state use of acts of terror to intimidate, pacify, coerce, or destroy whole populations, groups, or classes of citizens. The problems encountered in the study of state terrorism, particularly in the areas of definition and measurement and in the difficulty of obtaining complete and reliable data, are first discussed. The political origins of state violence and the mechanisms that sustain it are traced in a theoretical analysis, and the relation of national security ideology to the imposition of terrorist measures is explored. The forms of state terrorism and repression encountered in the Third World are considered next. Other topics covered include genocide, terrorism and counterterrorism in the context of democratic society, and the international terrorist impact of superpower politics. Finally, the prospects of bringing state terrorism under the control of international law are assessed.
Congenital mirror movements: Mutational analysis of RAD51 and DCC in 26 cases

Objective:We screened a large series of individuals with congenital mirror movements (CMM) for mutations in the 2 identified causative genes, DCC and RAD51. Methods:We studied 6 familial and 20 simplex CMM cases. Each patient had a standardized neurologic assessment. Analysis of DCC and RAD51 coding regions included Sanger sequencing and a quantitative method allowing detection of micro rearrangements. We then compared the frequency of rare variants predicted to be pathogenic by either the PolyPhen-2 or the SIFT algorithm in our population and in the 4,300 controls of European origin on the Exome Variant Server. Results:We found 3 novel truncating mutations of DCC that segregate with CMM in 4 of the 6 families. Among the 20 simplex cases, we found one exonic deletion of DCC, one DCC mutation leading to a frameshift, 5 missense variants in DCC, and 2 missense variants in RAD51. All 7 missense variants were predicted to be pathogenic by one or both algorithms. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of variants predicted to be deleterious was significantly different between patients and controls (p < 0.001 for both RAD51 and DCC). Conclusion:Mutations and variants in DCC and RAD51 are strongly associated with CMM, but additional genes causing CMM remain to be discovered.
XML Query Processing and Query Languges: A Survey

Today's database is associated with interoperability between different domains and applications. This consequently results in the importance of data portability in database. XML format fits the requirements and it has been increasingly used for serving applications across different domains and purposes. However, querying XML document effectively and efficiently is still a challenging issue. This paper discusses query processing issues on XML and reviews proposed solutions for querying XML databases by various authors.
Distribution of GABAB(1a), GABAB(1b) and GABAB2 receptor protein in cerebral cortex and thalamus of adult rats

The distribution of GABAB receptor subunits GABAB(1a), GABAB(1b) and GABAB2, has been examined in the cerebral cortex and thalamus of adult rats using an immunocytochemical technique. GABAB(1a) and GABAB(1b) subunits co-localized with GABAB2 in the cortex, where afferent thalamic GABAergic axons project to pyramidal neurones. The expression patterns of GABAB(1a), GABAB(1b) and GABAB2 were similar throughout the thalamus. The data suggest that the GABAB(1b) subunit might be the presynaptic isoform in the thalamo-cortical pathway with the GABAB(1a) subunit possibly present at postsynaptic sites on cell bodies. This contrasts with our previous data, obtained in cerebellum and spinal cord which indicate opposite locations. Thus, it seems unlikely that functional role along with cellular location can be assigned in a general manner to specific GABAB receptor subunit splice variants.
An experimental study of social and psychological aspects of teleworking

The last few years have seen a growth in interest in the concept of teleworking, and current predictions suggest that this could become a common mode of working in future. This paper describes an investigation into the working environment of teleworking, examining the currently‐debated issues associated with it, and laying out the potential advantages and drawbacks. Views solicited from workers currently operating within a teleworking regime in a large UK organization are presented and discussed. A small‐scale experimental study of the psychological and sociological effects associated with teleworking is then described, and the results and implications discussed. Finally, a set of teleworking guidelines for work managers is proposed.
Small-Group Discussion in Physics: Peer Interaction Modes in Pairs and Fours.

The importance of group discussion in facilitating learning in science is widely acknowledged. At the same time, it is recognized that in the social context of small groups, peers' discussion processes and their subsequent learning are influenced by factors other than students' conceptual understanding. Focusing on the social processes of knowledge construction in group settings, this article investigates the ways Greek secondary school students interacted in pairs and fours while discussing and attempting to explain simple physical phenomena. The study showed that students progressed significantly more in their physics reasoning after participation in fours than pairs. Moreover, the analysis of discourse in the different groupings suggested that the differences in progress were related to the more constrained modes of interaction of pairs. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assembling neural crest regulatory circuits into a gene regulatory network.

The neural crest is a multipotent stem cell–like population that gives rise to a wide range of derivatives in the vertebrate embryo including elements of the craniofacial skeleton and peripheral nervous system as well as melanocytes. The neural crest forms in a series of regulatory steps that include induction and specification of the prospective neural crest territory–neural plate border, specification of bona fide neural crest progenitors, and differentiation into diverse derivatives. These individual processes during neural crest ontogeny are controlled by regulatory circuits that can be assembled into a hierarchical gene regulatory network (GRN). Here we present an overview of the GRN that orchestrates the formation of cranial neural crest cells. Formulation of this network relies on information largely inferred from gene perturbation studies performed in several vertebrate model organisms. Our representation of the cranial neural crest GRN also includes information about direct regulatory interactions obtained from the cis-regulatory analyses performed to date, which increases the resolution of the architectural circuitry within the network.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Musician's Cramp as Manifestation of Maladaptive Brain Plasticity: Arguments from Instrumental Differences

Musician's cramp is a task-specific movement disorder, which presents itself as muscular incoordination or loss Q1 of voluntary motor control of extensively trained movements while a musician is playing the instrument. It is characterized by task specificity and gender bias, affecting significantly more males than females. The etiology is multifaceted, however, electrophysiological, genetic, and epidemiologic findings point at combination of a genetic predisposition, termed endophenotype, and behavioral triggering factors leading to the manifestation of the disorder. We present epidemiological data from 591 musician patients from our outpatient clinic demonstrating an influence of fine motor requirements on the manifestation of dystonia. Brass, guitar, and woodwind players were at greater risk than other instrumentalists. With respect to the body part affected, high temporospatial precision of movement patterns and synchronous demands on tonic and precise phasic muscular activation constitute triggering factors, especially in combination with daily-life fine motor burdens of the dominant hand.
The Social Significance of Academic Freedom

Academic freedom remains a central tenet of our nation’s colleges and universities. However, recent incidents have spawned debates regarding the merits of academic freedom and the mechanism that protects it, tenure. By way of two contrasting examples, the authors consider how two types of higher education institutions—private for-profit universities and nonprofit public institutions—situate themselves in the public dialogue when controversies arise. The authors argue that academic freedom and tenure permit postsecondary institutions to act as vehicles for public engagement, whereas its absence only serves to curtail thoughtful discussions of complex and controversial issues.
Serum pentosidine levels after 3 years of bisphosphonate treatment in post-menopausal osteoporotic women

Abstract The present study measured changes in plasma pentosidine and bone turnover markers in elderly patients with osteoporosis treated using bisphosphonate. The relationship between pentosidine and bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) was investigated. This study consisted of post-menopausal osteoporotic women who could be treated using bisphosphonate for 3 years were included in the present analysis. The study population consisted of 58 cases, all women, ranging in age from 53 to 86 years (mean, 67.1 years). Bisphosphonate treatment significantly increased BMD of the lumbar spine to 0.914 ± 0.141 g/cm2 and BMD of the femoral neck to 0.708 ± 0.086 g/cm2 after 3 years (p < 0.001 versus baseline). The mean BAP level was 27.3 ± 8.3 U/L in patients at baseline. After bisphosphonate treatment, BAP significantly decreased to 18.1 ± 7.2 U/L at 3 years (p < 0.001). Urinary NTX also decreased after bisphosphonate treatment. After 3 years of treatment, urinary NTX significantly decreased from 50.0 ± 19.0 nmol BCE/mmol Cr to 24.6 ± 10.2 nmol BCE/mmol Cr at 3 years (p < 0.001). Serum pentosidine levels were 0.0413 ± 0.0094 μg/mL at baseline and 0.0413 ± 0.0122 μg/mL after 3 years. They were not significantly changed by bisphosphonate treatment. Serum pentosidine levels were not changed by treatment with bisphosphonates. Thus, serum pentosidine may not be suitable as a marker of bone quality after 3 years of bisphosphonate treatment.
Globalisation and the UK Competition State: No room for transformational leadership in education?

This article will examine the transference of transformational leadership models to an English educational context in the light of both globalisation pressures, and of the current UK Government's response to these. It will be argued that this response is predicated upon its perception of the need to develop a highly skilled, technologically proficient workforce, and that the creation of this workforce cannot be left to the vagaries of a market-based approach. A highly directed system of education has therefore been developed, in which success by school headteachers is increasingly defined as the achievement of centrally-imposed outcome measures. However, the article also presents evidence to suggest that this situation has been exacerbated at both headteacher and teacher level by professional cultures which collude with Government legislation to further prevent such transformation realisation. This article therefore argues that those advocating a genuinely transformational model of leadership may have considerable difficulty in getting their model adopted in the UK, or in other states adopting similar approaches and with similar teacher cultures. More generally, then, the need for a more culturally and politically contextualised approach to models of leadership is suggested.
Outcomes Assessment in Fracture Healing Trials: A Primer

The measurement of clinical outcomes in trauma research is often problematic in that it is subjective and currently no feasible gold standard evaluation is available. Consequently, observed trial results are partly dependent on which outcome measure is used. Precise and useful estimates of treatment effects can only be obtained when using reliable, valid, and responsive instruments for measuring fracture healing. This overview outlines the concept of the validation of outcome measures and provides a summary of available and frequently used instruments in orthopaedic clinical trials. Outcome instruments can be divided into assessments by the clinician and assessments by the patient. Clinician-assessed measures are frequently used in routine practice but have often not been validated before their use in research. They include clinical and radiographic assessments. In contrast, patient-assessed measures have been designed specifically for investigational purposes and measure health on various domains. Some of them have been validated extensively. Critically evaluating established clinician-based assessments and integrating those found to be valid with patient-assessed outcomes into a composite measure of fracture healing constitute major future challenges.
Equity trend prediction with neural networks

This paper presents results of neural network based trend prediction for equity markets. Raw equity exchange data is pre-processed before being fed into a series of neural networks. The use of Self Organising Maps (SOM) is investigated as a data classification method to limit neural network inputs and training data requirements. The resulting primary simulation is a neural network that can prediction whether the next trading period will be, on average, higher or lower than the current. Combinations of pre-processing and feature extracting SOM’s are investigated to determine the more optimal system configuration.
Rare CNVs and tag SNPs at 15q11.2 are associated with schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population.

BACKGROUND Rare copy number variations (CNVs) were involved in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and some of them appeared to be shared risk factors for several different diseases. One of those promising loci is the CNV at 15q11.2, including 4 genes, TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA2, and NIPA1. Several studies showed that microdeletions at this locus were significant associated with schizophrenia. In the current study, we investigated the role of both rare CNVs and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 15q11.2 in schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. METHODS We screened deletions at 15q11.2 in 2058 schizophrenia patients and 3275 normal controls in Chinese Han population by Affymetrix 500K/6.0 SNP arrays and SYBR green real-time polymerase chain reaction and then validated deletions by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and Taqman real-time assays. We successfully genotyped 27 tag SNPs in total and tested associations in 1144 schizophrenia cases and 1144 normal controls. RESULTS We found a triple increase of deletions in cases over controls, with OR=4.45 (95% CI=1.36-14.60) and P=. 014. In the analysis of common SNPs, we found that the most significant SNP in schizophrenia was rs4778334 (OR=.72, 95% CI=0.60-0.87, allelic P=.0056 after permutation, genotypic P=.015 after permutation). We also found SNP rs1009153 in CYFIP1 was associated with schizophrenia (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.73-0.93, allelic P=.044 after permutation). CONCLUSION We found that both rare deletions and common variants at 15q11.2 were associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.
BLIND DEREVERBERATION OF A SINGLE SOURCE BASED ON MULTICHANNEL LINEAR PREDICTION

In this paper, we consider the blind multichannel dereverberation problem for a single source. The multichannel reverberation impulse response is assumed to be stationary enough to allow estimation of the correlations it induces from the received signals. It is well-known that a single-input multi-output (SIMO) filter can be equalized blindly by applying multichannel linear prediction (LP) to its output when the input is white. When the input is colored, the multichannel LP will both equalize the reverberation filter and whiten the source. We exploit the observation that a multichannel reverberation filter tends to become allpass as the number of channels and/or the reverberation delay spread increases. As a result, the sum of the channel output correlations approximates the source correlation structure which can hence be used to determine a source whitening filter. Multichannel LP is then applied to the sensor signals filtered by the source whitenening filter, to obtain source dereverberation. It is important to emphasize that non-stationarity of the source is irrelevant as long as the source correlations are estimated with the same temporal averaging as for the multichannel linear prediction.
A Solution to the 4-tachyon off-shell amplitude in cubic string field theory

We derive an analytic series solution of the elliptic equations providing the 4-tachyon off-shell amplitude in cubic string field theory (CSFT). From such a solution we compute the exact coefficient of the quartic effective action relevant for time dependent solutions and we derive the exact coefficient of the quartic tachyon coupling. The rolling tachyon solution expressed as a series of exponentials et is studied both using level-truncation computations and the exact 4-tachyon amplitude. The results for the level truncated coefficients are shown to converge to those derived using the exact string amplitude. The agreement with previous work on the subject, both on the quartic tachyon coupling and on the CSFT rolling tachyon, is an excellent test for the accuracy of our off-shell solution.
Does Incorporating Change in APRI or FIB-4 Indices Over Time Improve the Accuracy of a Single Index for Identifying Liver Fibrosis in Persons With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection?

Background: The aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and a fibrosis index calculated using platelets (FIB-4) have been proposed as noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis. Goals: To determine APRI/FIB-4 accuracy for predicting histologic liver fibrosis and evaluate whether incorporating change in index improves test accuracy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Alaska Native persons. Study: Using liver histology as the gold standard, we determined the test characteristics of APRI to predict Metavir ≥F2 fibrosis and FIB-4 to predict Metavir ≥F3 fibrosis. Index discrimination was measured as the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. We fit a logistic regression model to determine whether incorporating change in APRI/FIB-4 over time improved index discrimination. Results: Among 283 participants, 46% were female, 48% had a body mass index >30, 11% had diabetes mellitus, 8% reported current heavy alcohol use. Participants were infected with HCV genotypes 1 (68%), 2 (17%), or 3 (15%). On liver histology, 30% of study participants had ≥F2 fibrosis and 15% had ≥F3 fibrosis. The positive predictive value of an APRI>1.5/FIB-4>3.25 for identifying fibrosis was 77%/78%. The negative predictive value of an APRI<0.5/FIB-4<1.45 was 91%/87%. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of an APRI/FIB-4 for identifying fibrosis was 0.82/0.84. Incorporating change in APRI/FIB-4 did not improve index discrimination. Conclusions: The accuracy of APRI/FIB-4 for identifying liver fibrosis in HCV-infected Alaska Native persons is similar to that reported in other populations and could help prioritize patients for treatment living in areas without access to liver biopsy. Change in APRI/FIB-4 was not predictive of degree of fibrosis.
Automated batch transfer of zebrafish embryos using a multi-degrees-of-freedom system

Biological experiments and drug screen require the transfer of individual zebrafish embryos into standard multi-well microplates. Manually pipetting embryos into wells is tedious and time consuming. This paper reports a prototype cooperative robotic system capable of transferring zebrafish embryos in parallel and depositing a single embryo per well in a 96-well microplate. A cell holding device was developed to trap multiple embryos in a regular pattern. The cell holding device and a microplate are positioned and aligned along multiple axes by the system. Embryo release strategies were systematically studied and compared. Experiments demonstrated that out of the 1,056 zebrafish embryos used in experiments (i.e., 44 times parallel transfer into 11 96-well plates), 996 wells were successfully filled with one and only one zebrafish embryo, representing a success rate of 94.3%. Further experiments confirmed that the transferred embryos were able to develop into zebrafish with 100% survival rate.