Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building Blocks for Secure Communication in Ad-hoc Networks

Security is one of the main concerns in modern networks. Given the recent success of wireless networks, there are plenty of possibilities to attack the networks themselves [14][24] or services [28] running on these networks. Current progress in research and growing interest from the industry let also expect more and more sophisticated Ad-hoc networking solutions. Compared with security problems in conventional wireless networks 1 Adhoc networks are exposed to additional risks. In addition to that a reasonable level of security seems to be more difficult to achieve in these networks due to their dynamic and distributed nature. This paper will give an overview about basic security problems in Ad-hoc networks and the research that has been conducted in related areas so far. It presents some algorithms that can be used as building blocks for security in Ad-hoc networks. Given the constraints faced by such networks, the paper also inspects its practicability in Ad-hoc environments.
The Empirical Research on Corporate Governance and Corporate Performance in Chinese Listed Company

Our study examines whether corporate governance practice have an effect on corporate Performance. We identify a comprehensive set of governance mechanisms for China's listed companies and construct relevant measures for each of them. Factor analysis is introduced to construct an all-rounded performance variable. The results indicate that the ownership and the board structure, executive compensation is the most important factors in influencing corporate governance. Moreover, our findings have implications for the design of appropriate corporate governance systems for listed firms.
Enriching Genomic Resources and Marker Development from Transcript Sequences of Jatropha curcas for Microgravity Studies

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an economically important species with a great potential for biodiesel production. To enrich the jatropha genomic databases and resources for microgravity studies, we sequenced and annotated the transcriptome of jatropha and developed SSR and SNP markers from the transcriptome sequences. In total 1,714,433 raw reads with an average length of 441.2 nucleotides were generated. De novo assembling and clustering resulted in 115,611 uniquely assembled sequences (UASs) including 21,418 full-length cDNAs and 23,264 new jatropha transcript sequences. The whole set of UASs were fully annotated, out of which 59,903 (51.81%) were assigned with gene ontology (GO) term, 12,584 (10.88%) had orthologs in Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), and 8,822 (7.63%) were mapped to 317 pathways in six different categories in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) database, and it contained 3,588 putative transcription factors. From the UASs, 9,798 SSRs were discovered with AG/CT as the most frequent (45.8%) SSR motif type. Further 38,693 SNPs were detected and 7,584 remained after filtering. This UAS set has enriched the current jatropha genomic databases and provided a large number of genetic markers, which can facilitate jatropha genetic improvement and many other genetic and biological studies.
The Effect of Short-term Food Deprivation on the Reinforcing Value of Coffee in Bulimic and Control Women

The effect of short-term food deprivation on the reinforcing value of coffee was examined, utilising behavioural choice methodology. Four women with bulimia nervosa and six healthy controls underwent one food-deprivation day (19 hours) and one nondeprivation day. Subjects made significantly more attempts to earn coffee, earned more points toward coffee, and drank more grams of coffee when food deprived than when nondeprived. The effect was observed in both bulimic and control women. There was a significant diagnosis-by-deprivation interaction with reference to grams of coffee consumed, with bulimic women consuming over twice as much coffee when deprived than nondeprived. The results are discussed with reference to the role of food deprivation in the pathogenesis of substance abuse.
Teachers' perception of spelling patterns and children's spelling errors: A cross-linguistic perspective

This paper is a cross-linguistic examination of teachers’ perception of morphologically-mediated spelling patterns, compared with children’s actual spelling performance on these same patterns. The study was conducted on two languages differing greatly in their typologies: Hebrew and Dutch. The research design of this study consisted of two spelling tests, one for Hebrew and one for Dutch. Each spelling test contained 32 target items with homophonous graphemes, equally divided into four groups of conditions, differing in degree of morphological and morphophonological cues. These spelling tests were first administered to 192 Israeli and 192 Belgian gradeschool children. Hebrew-speaking children generally scored higher than Dutch-speaking children, and found the conditions which required morpho(phono)logical analysis easier to spell than Dutch-speaking children. 40 Israeli and 40 Belgian collegeand university-trained L1 teachers were given the 32 items of these respective spelling tests and asked (i) to identify the pairs of items that made up the test; and (ii) to motivate their identification. On both identification and motivation, Dutch teachers generally scored higher than Hebrew teachers, and they did better exactly on those conditions that Hebrew-speaking children found easier than Dutch-speaking children. One conclusion of this study is that the underpinnings provided by the language structure determine learning patterns in spelling development. Another conclusion is that patterns of spelling regularity, easily perceived by language teachers, may not be so easily grasped by their learners. We hypothesize that the explicit metalinguistic formulation of consistencies underlying spelling patterns operates differently than natural information processing in language use.
Principles and experiments of explicit delay control

Real-time interactive multimedia applications are highly delay-sensitive, and packets that are out of delay boundaries are usually obsolete. However the current Internet Protocol lacks a way to control the lifetime of the packets explicitly. We propose a packet lifetime control mechanism called Explicit Delay Control (EDC) that embeds a Maximum Tolerable Delay (MTD) field in an IPv4 option. At each network node, the MTD is deducted by the singlehop delay. Packets that expire their lifetime are discarded and non-congestion related delay losses are signaled to the sender to reduce inaccuracy in delay estimations and to adapt to path changes. We implemented EDC in the Linux kernel. Our evaluation has shown that EDC is an effective scheme to ensure the “legality” of the packets, reduce the waste of bandwidth and processing time in the networks, and alleviate congestions.
Stellenwert bildwandlergestützter Infiltrationen bei der Diagnostik degenerativer Wirbelsäulenerkrankungen

Zusammenfassung Selektive diagnostische Infiltrationen der Hals- und Lendenwirbelsäule spielen eine weitverbreitete Rolle in der Beurteilung degenerativer Erkrankungen. Entwicklungen in der bildgebenden Diagnostik in Verbindung mit steigender Prävalenz chronischer Wirbelsäulenbeschwerden lassen kontrollierte Infiltrationen zu einem wichtigen Teil des diagnostischen Konzepts werden. Selektive diagnostische Infiltrationen sollten röntgengestützt kontrolliert eingesetzt werden. Die Gabe von Lokalanästhestika mit unterschiedlicher Wirkdauer an dieselbe anatomische Struktur an unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten erlaubt die Reduktion falsch positiver Befunde. Eine komplette oder partielle Schmerzreduktion stellt den diagnostischen Endpunkt des Verfahrens dar. Die Prävalenz von Facettengelenkarthralgien liegt zervikal bei 51% und lumbal bei 31%. Die Rate falsch-positive Befunde der selektiven Infiltrationen liegt bei über 40%. Diese Aspekte sind in der Beurteilung der Infiltrationsergebnisse zu berücksichtigen. Die Prävalenz von Iliosakralgelenkarthralgien liegt bei 20%. Falsch positive Befunde treten in 20% auf. Selektive diagnostische Blockaden zervikaler oder lumbaler Nervenwurzeln finden besonders bei multisegmentalen degenerativen Veränderungen und vor Operationen eine Rolle. Es besteht moderate Evidenz für eine positive Korrelation zwischen einem positiven Infiltrationsergebnis und dem Ergebnis einer dekompressiven Operation, wenngleich die Spezifizität der Wurzelblockaden gering ist. Allen diagnostischen Infiltration gemeinsam ist das Fehlen eines Goldstandards. Aufgrund des multidimensionalen Charakters von Schmerzen ist das Auftreten einer Schmerzreduktion nach der Infiltration mit gewissen Unsicherheiten behaftet, die in der Bewertung der diagnostischen Ergebnisse nicht übersehen werden sollten.
A Study on Touch Screen Numeric Keypads : Effects of Key Size and Key Layout

—The demand for touch screen displays, from personal mobile devices to public self-service kiosk, has drastically increased since last decade. Touch screen kiosks normally involve numeric data entry for functioning, underlying the necessity for optimizing the design of numeric keypads for improved performance. The present study was thus conducted to investigate the effects of key size and key layout for numeric keypads with a numeric data entry task. The results showed that keying performance was affected by both key size and key layout, and the effects of them in terms of entry speed, accurate rate and completion rate were discussed.
Stabilization of Bilateral Progressive Rheumatoid Corneal Melt with Infliximab

Purpose. To report the use of infliximab in the rapid stabilization of a case of progressive, bilateral rheumatoid peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) that failed to respond to conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Methods. A single interventional case report. Results. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis presented with bilateral PUK following a 2-month history of ocular discomfort and redness. His systemic prednisolone (PDN) and methotrexate (MTX) were increased and, despite an initial favorable response, bilateral recurrent corneal perforations ensued. Both eyes underwent cyanoacrylate glue repair, amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT), and penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Recurrence of the disease and bilateral perforations of the second PKP in both eyes prompted administration of intravenous infliximab immediately after the fourth PKP. The disease activity rapidly settled in both eyes, and at eighteen-month followup, after 12 infliximab infusions, the PUK remains quiescent with no further graft thinning or perforation. Conclusion. Infliximab can be used to arrest the progression of severe bilateral rheumatoid PUK in cases that are refractory to conventional treatment.
A stage-reduced low-latency successive cancellation decoder for polar codes

Polar codes, which are the first capacity achieving codes, have recently become increasingly popular because of their low encoding and decoding complexity. However, the large code length required by practical applications leads to high decoding latency because the conventional successive cancellation (SC) decoder decodes bits serially. This brief first reviews the conventional SC decoder briefly. An improved SC decoder architecture is given, which reduces the decoding latency by 25% compared to the conventional one. Then a stage-reduced SC decoding algorithm and its low-latency architecture is presented. Compared with the conventional SC decoder, the proposed stage-reduced SC decoder achieves almost 50% latency reduction with no performance degradation and acceptable hardware overhead. A kind of 2-stage-reduced SC decoding algorithm is also investigated in this brief.
IEEE 802.21-Assisted Cross-Layer Design and PMIPv6 Mobility Management Framework for Next Generation Wireless Networks

Next generation wireless networks are envisaged to be an integration of heterogeneous but complementary wireless access networks. The inter-networking of these heterogeneous wireless networks with the Internet will provide ubiquitous access to roaming network users. However, a seamless handover mechanism with negligible handover delay is required to maintain active connections during roaming across these networks. Several solutions, mainly involving host-based localized mobility management schemes, have been widely proposed to reduce handover delay among heterogeneous wireless networks. However, the handover delay remains high and unacceptable for delay-sensitive services such as real-time and multimedia applications. Moreover, these applications will be very common in next generation wireless networks. Unfortunately, these widely proposed host-based localized mobility management schemes involve the mobile node in mobility-related signalling hence effectively increasing the handover delay. Furthermore, these schemes do not properly address the advanced handover scenarios envisaged in future wireless networks. This paper, therefore, proposes a mobility management framework utilizing cross-layer design, the IEEE 802.21 future standard, and the recently emerged network-based localized mobility management scheme, Proxy Mobile IPv6, to further reduce handover delay.
DFTD: A Contagious Fatal Cancer that Threatens the Tasmanian Devils

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the development of atheromatous plaque, which triggers luminal narrowing and when ruptured can result in myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis is pronounced in the intima of many middle sized and large arteries, especially where the vessels divide, and where blood flow is non-linear and exerts low shear stress, leading to increased inflammatory signaling and recruitment of monocytes [1, 2]. Attracted monocytes adhere to and migrate into the vessel wall, where they differentiate into macrophages and can become lipid loaded foam cells. Upon atherosclerosis progression, additional immune cells propagate the chronic inflammation and the plaque contains a wide variety of cells and has a complex structure consisting of a necrotic, lipid rich core, and a fibrous cap, the rupture of which by macrophages secreted proteases leads to clinical phenotypes [3-5].
Adapting Ubiquitous Enterprise Services with Context and Views

Recent advances in mobile technologies and infrastructures have led to increasing demands for ubiquitous access to enterprise services from mobile handheld devices, such as mobile phones and PDAs. The context in which such a service is used becomes an integral part of the associated enterprise application. This demands a new paradigm for system requirements elicitation and design in order to make good use of such extended context information. Instead of redesigning or adapting existing enterprise services in an ad-hoc manner, we introduce a methodology for the elicitation of context-aware adaptation requirements and the matching of context-awareness features to the target context by capability matching. For the implementation of these adaptations, we propose the use of three tiers of views: user interface views, data views, and process views. This approach centers on a novel notion of process views to service adaptation according to their context. We demonstrate our methodology by extending an enterprise appointment service into a ubiquitous one with context support
A smart video player with content-based fast-forward playback

In this paper, we develop a video player to allow the users to do fast-forward playback based on the semantic video content. The whole system has two modules, processing and playing. In the processing part, we present a video time density function (VTDF) to describe the temporal dynamics of video data first. A VTDF-based temporal quantization method is then developed to find the best quanta and partition in the time domain. The optimal quanta are used to extract key frames. The optimal number of key frames is determined by a temporal mean square error (TMSE)-based criterion. In the playing module, we combine the key frame sequence and a set of parameters together and feed them into a triangle-based transition function to generate the sampled frames in a non-uniform way. A built video player will play all sampled frames in its intelligent fast-forward mode for a given fast-forward speed factor. The implementation of video player demonstrates the feasibility of proposed method in practice.
CONSTRAINING MODELS OF MODIFIED GRAVITY WITH THE DOUBLE PULSAR PSR J0737-3039A/B SYSTEM

In this paper we use ΔP = -1.772341 ± 13.153788 s between the phenomenologically determined orbital period Pb of the PSR J0737-3039A/B double pulsar system and the purely Keplerian period calculated with the system's parameters, determined independently of the third Kepler law itself, in order to put constraints on some models of modified gravity (f(R), Yukawa-like fifth force, MOND). The major source of error affecting ΔP is not the one in the phenomenologically measured period (δPb = 4×10-6s), but the systematic uncertainty δP(0) in the computed Keplerian one due to the relative semimajor axis a mainly caused, in turn, by the errors in the ratio of the pulsars' masses and in sin i. We get |κ| ≤ 0.8 × 10-26m-2 for the parameter that in the f(R) framework is a measure of the nonlinearity of the theory, |α| ≤ 5.5 × 10-4 for the fifth-force strength parameter (for λ ≈ a = 0.006 AU). The effects predicted by the strong-acceleration regime of MOND are far too small to be constrained with some effectiveness today and in the future as well. In view of the continuous timing of such an important system, it might happen that in the near future it will be possible to obtain somewhat tighter constraints.
Conditions for Inference Invariant Rule Reduction in FRBS by combining rules with identical consequents

Following the wide spread usage of Fuzzy Systems, Rule Reduc tion has emerged as one of the most important areas of research in the field of Fuzzy Contro l. Many rule reduction methods have been proposed in the literature and can be broadly classifie d into Lossless or Lossy with respect to the inference, based on whether the outputs of the original a nd the reduced rule bases are identical or not. In a typical Multi-Input-Single-O utput fuzzy system the number of rules far exceeds the number of fuzzy sets defined on the o domain. This suggests that the rule base can be partitioned into sets of rules, each set b mapped to a single consequent fuzzy set. In this paper, we investigate the conditions o n the inference operators employed in a fuzzy system that enable "lossless" merging of r ules with identical consequents. After briefly surveying the many techniques that have been proposed tow ards reducing the number of rules, we propose a general framework for Inference in Fu zzy Systems and then propose some suffi ciency conditions on this general framework that give us a class of Fuzzy Systems that allow lossless rule reduction of the type mentioned above. We th en explore these conditions in the setting of Fuzzy Logic. We find that R- and S-implication s play a very critical role. We give examples from the above class of Fuzzy Systems. In this study we apply the above technique only on rules whose antecedents and consequents a re fuzzy sets.
Market failures, consumer preferences, and transaction costs inenergy efficiency purchase decisions

Several factors limit the energy savings potential and increase the costs of energy-efficient technologies to consumers. These factors may usefully be placed into two categories; one category is what economists would define as market failures and the other is related to consumer preferences. This paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding the roles of these factors, and develops a methodology to quantify their effects on costs and potentials of two energy efficient end uses - residential lighting and clothes washers. It notes the significant roles played by the high implicit cost of obtaining information about the benefits of the two technologies and the apparent inability to process and utilize information. For compact fluorescent lamps, this report finds a conservative estimate of the cost of conserved energy of 3.1 cents per kWh. For clothes washers, including water savings reduces the cost of conserved energy from 13.6 cents to 4.3 cents per equivalent kWh. Despite these benefits, market share remains low. About 18 million tons of CO2 could be saved cost effectively from 2005 sales of these two technologies alone. The paper also notes that trading of carbon emissions will incur transaction costs that will range from less than 10 cents permore » metric ton of CO2 for larger size projects and programs to a few dollars per metric ton of carbon for the smaller ones. « less
Liver Rejection and Its Differentiation from Other Causes of Graft Dysfunction

Numerous causes can lead to hepatic dysfunction following orthotopic liver transplantation. The most common cause is rejection, which is usually nonpreventable. The clinical presentation, time of onset, and even treatment are variable. Other causes, such as perioperative ischemic injury, vascular thrombosis, and complications of bile duct reconstruction may be preventable with good surgical technique. Infections can also be minimized by careful adjustment of immunotherapy, avoidance overimmunosuppression, and the judicious use of antibiotics. Hepatic dysfunction following orthotopic liver transplantation requires rapid assessment and proper treatment in order to prevent serious and possibly fatal complications.
COLLEGE SCIENCE IN INDIA

The reduction in number of electrodes usage is a significant advancement in Brain computer Interface (BCI) research if not compromised with quality. The two major advantages of reducing the number of electrodes are the operational flexibility and reduction of volume in the feature date involved. The experiment results of a BCI are analyzed with two different electrode configurations and the findings shows the possibility of reducing the electrodes without much compromise if chosen strategic vibrantly. The conducted experiments with four electrodes and their comparisons with thirty-two electrodes are given in this paper for an indulgent understanding of BCI research.
Mixtures of Shifted Asymmetric Laplace Distributions

A mixture of shifted asymmetric Laplace distributions is introduced and used for clustering and classification. A variant of the EM algorithm is developed for parameter estimation by exploiting the relationship with the general inverse Gaussian distribution. This approach is mathematically elegant and relatively computationally straightforward. Our novel mixture modelling approach is demonstrated on both simulated and real data to illustrate clustering and classification applications. In these analyses, our mixture of shifted asymmetric Laplace distributions performs favourably when compared to the popular Gaussian approach. This work, which marks an important step in the non-Gaussian modelbased clustering and classification direction, concludes with discussion as well as suggestions for future work.
Communication and Secrecy : Issues in Digital

We present the issues involved in information obfuscation both for the embedding of information within digital signals and the detection of the hidden information. More standard cryptographic techniques acheive security through an encoding so that an evesdropper is unable to understand the signal. Obfuscation, preceded by an encoding, provides a method for the embedding of information within other signals so that an evesdropper is unable to detect the original information. A framework, based on information theory, is presented that ensures embedded signals are undetectable under a set of conditions called the Grammatic Invariance Principle. An algorithm for embedding information within digital images (a technique often referred to as stenography) is developed under the framework and results are presented.