Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Intentions: An empirical survey of Students in the Faculty of Commerce at Great Zimbabwe University, Zimbabwe

This research paper sought to investigate the entrepreneurial perceptions and intentions of students in the faculty of commerce at Great Zimbabwe University using a descriptive research design. The perceived role of education as a predictor of entrepreneurial intention and the influence of contextual factors such as family and social background on studentsâ€™ career choice were further investigated. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect primary data from a sample of 300 respondents purposefully selected.The findings revealed that the majority of students have positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship and hold a positive perceived image towards entrepreneurs and in turn harbour clear and substantial entrepreneurial intentions after graduating. The study also revealed that the introduction of entrepreneurship education in the university curriculum has increased studentsâ€™ awareness and interest in undertaking entrepreneurship as a career whilst the influence of the family background and oneâ€™s socialization has been noted as being moderately significant in shaping students entrepreneurial intentions.
Measuring Loss Potential of Hedge Fund Strategies

In this article the loss potential of hedge funds is measured by combining three market risk measures: VaR, drawdown, and time under the water. Calculations are carried out under three frameworks: normality and time-independence, non-normality and time-independence, and non-normality and time-dependence. The results clearly show that models that assume normality, or even models that account for non-normality but neglect time-dependence, may substantially underestimate hedge fund risk. They also show that VaR is an incomplete measure of market risk whenever the normality assumption does not hold. Under such a scenario, VaR results must be complemented with drawdown and time under the water measures in order to accurately assess the loss potential of hedge funds.
The export of the DNA replication inhibitor Microcin B17 provides immunity for the host cell.

Microcin B17 (MccB17) is a peptide antibiotic which inhibits DNA replication in Enterobacteriaceae. Microcin‐producing strains are immune to the action of the microcin. Physical and genetic studies showed that immunity is mediated by three genes: mcbE, mcbF and mcbG. We sequenced these genes and identified polypeptide products for mcbF and mcbG. By studying the contribution of each gene to the expression of immunity we found that immunity is determined by two different mechanisms. One of these, encoded by mcbE and mcbF, is also involved in the production of extracellular MccB17. To reconcile these observations we propose that McbE and McbF serve as a ‘pump’ for the export of active MccB17 from the cytoplasm. This model is supported by the predicted properties of the McbE and McbF proteins, which are thought to be, respectively, an integral membrane protein and an ATP‐binding protein with homology to other transport proteins.
Assessment of mechanical integrity for drug-eluting renal stent with micro-sized drug reservoirs

The drug-eluting stent (DES) has become the gold standard worldwide for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, an innovative variation of the DES with micro-sized drug reservoirs has been introduced. It allows programmable drug delivery with both spatial and temporal control and has several potential advantages over traditional DESs. However, creating such reservoirs on the stent struts may weaken the structure of the stent scaffolding and compromise its mechanical integrity. In this study, we propose to use this innovative stent concept in the renal indication for potential treatment of both renal artery stenosis (upstream) and its associated kidney diseases (downstream) at the same time. The effects of these micro-sized drug reservoirs on several key clinically relevant functional attributes of the drug-eluting renal stent were systematically and quantitatively investigated. Finite element models were developed to predict the mechanical integrity of a balloon-expandable stent at various stages. Results show that (1) creating drug reservoirs on a stent could impact the stent fatigue resistance to certain degrees; (2) drug reservoirs on the stent crowns lead to greater loss in all key stent attributes than reservoirs on either bar arms or connectors and (3) the proposed optimised depot stent was proven to be feasible and could triple drug capacity than the current DESs, with marginal trade-off in its key clinical attributes. These results can serve as the guidelines to help future stent designs to achieve the best combination of stent structural integrity and smart drug delivery in the future.
Technology transfer and convergence of performance: an economic study of FIFA football ranking

The seminal work of Gerschenkron (1962) stated that latecomers borrow advanced technology from their predecessors, resulting in convergence of productivity among nations. Additionally, the diffusion of technology among developing nations has been fulfilled not only directly from developed nations but also from surrounding nations through local spillovers such as learning from others. Recently, the disparity in national football performance among the nations appears to have improved, and it is evident that talented players are mobilized from developing nations to developed ones. The present article attempts to apply the framework of development economics, as introduced earlier, to the case of international football. An empirical examination of FIFA's world ranking points considered as reflecting nations' performances was conducted, applying panel data to control for unobserved nations' specific effects (Baltagi 2005). The results indicate that both technology transfer and the local information spillover play a crucial role in improving the performance of developing nations, but not of developed nations. The presented results are interpreted as implying that developing nations are able to catch up with developed ones due to the effects of technology transfer and local information spillover.
Effect of Money Supply on Real Output and Price in China

Over the past 30 years, China has achieved remarkable long-term economic growth. Using quarterly data, we study the effects of money supply on real output and inflation in China between 1993 and 2008. To this end, we use money supply shocks after filtering out the expected component of the money supply. Our findings provide evidence supporting the asymmetric effect of positive and negative money supply shocks on real output and inflation in China. That is, real GDP growth in China responds to negative money supply shocks but not positive money supply shocks. In addition, inflation responds to positive money supply shocks but not negative money supply shocks. We conclude that the People's Bank of China's policy of steady monetary growth appears to be appropriate. Our study offers important policy implications for China.
Export Marketing Arrangements in Four New Zealand Agriculture Industries: An Institutional Perspective

The article examines the effectiveness of export marketing arrangements in 4 of New Zealand's agricultural industries within an institutional perspective. The coordination tasks and economic return from the export were investigated in each industry. Safeguarding problems within a deregulated marketing arrangement might explain reluctance to engage in joint marketing efforts. The gain from setting up new arrangements that foster profitability must be perceived as larger than the setup costs and perceived future costs of mounting down existing arrangements. A framework for design of export marketing arrangements in agriculture industries is proposed. Suggestions for future research are outlined.
E2F4 Is Exported from the Nucleus in a CRM1-Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT E2F is a family of transcription factors required for normal cell cycle control and for cell cycle arrest in G1. E2F4 is the most abundant E2F protein in many cell types. In quiescent cells, it is localized to the nucleus, where it is bound to the retinoblastoma-related protein p130. During entry into the cell cycle, the protein disappears from the nucleus and appears in the cytoplasm. The mechanism by which this change occurs has, in the past, been unclear. We have found that E2F4 is actively exported from the nucleus and that leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of nuclear export, inhibits this process. E2F4 export is mediated by two hydrophobic export sequences, mutations in either of which result in export failure. Individual export mutants of E2F4, but not a mutant with inactivation of both export signals, can be efficiently excluded from the nucleus by forced coexpression of the nuclear export receptor CRM1. Similarly, CRM1 overexpression can prevent cell cycle arrest induced by the cyclin kinase inhibitor p16INK4a, an E2F4-dependent process. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear export contributes to the regulation of E2F4 function, including its ability to regulate exit from G1 in association with a suitable pocket protein.
Genetic diversity within honeybee colonies prevents severe infections and promotes colony growth

Multiple mating by social insect queens increases the genetic diversity among colony members, thereby reducing intracolony relatedness and lowering the potential inclusive fitness gains of altruistic workers. Increased genetic diversity may be adaptive, however, by reducing the prevalence of disease within a nest. Honeybees, whose queens have the highest levels of multiple mating among social insects, were investigated to determine whether genetic variation helps to prevent chronic infections. I instrumentally inseminated honeybee queens with semen that was either genetically similar (from one male) or genetically diverse (from multiple males), and then inoculated their colonies with spores of Ascosphaera apis, a fungal pathogen that kills developing brood. I show that genetically diverse colonies had a lower variance in disease prevalence than genetically similar colonies, which suggests that genetic diversity may benefit colonies by preventing severe infections.
Proteasome-Independent Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Cross-Presentation Mediated by Papaya Mosaic Virus-Like Particles Leads to Expansion of Specific Human T Cells

ABSTRACT The development of versatile vaccine platforms is a priority that is recognized by health authorities worldwide; such platforms should induce both arms of the immune system, the humoral and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses. In this study, we have established that a vaccine platform based on the coat protein of papaya mosaic virus (PapMV CP), previously shown to induce a humoral response, can induce major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cross-presentation of HLA-A*0201 epitopes from gp100, a melanoma antigen, and from influenza virus M1 matrix protein. PapMV proteins were able to assemble into stable virus-like particles (VLPs) in a crystalline and repetitive structure. When we pulsed HLA-A*0201+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the recombinant PapMV FLU or gp100, we noted that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were highly reactive to these APCs, demonstrating that the epitope from the VLPs were processed and loaded on the MHC class I complex. APCs were preincubated with two different proteasome inhibitors, which did not affect the efficiency of peptide presentation on MHC class I. Classical presentation from an endogenous antigen was abolished in the same conditions. Clearly, antigen presentation mediated by the PapMV system was proteasome independent. Finally, PapMV-pulsed APCs had the capacity to expand highly avid antigen-specific T cells against the influenza virus M1 HLA-A*0201 epitope when cocultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This study demonstrates the potential of PapMV for MHC class I cross-presentation and for the expansion of human antigen-specific T cells. It makes VLPs from PapMV CP a very attractive platform to trigger cellular responses for vaccine development against chronic infectious diseases and cancers.
Comparison of patients with enterococcal bacteremia due to strains with and without high-level resistance to gentamicin.

Patients with enterococcal bacteremia due to strains with and without high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR; MIC, > 2,000 mg/L) were compared. Between 1986 and 1991, there were 178 episodes of enterococcal bacteremia: 47 and 131 episodes, respectively, due to enterococcal strains with and without HLGR. Sixty-two, 57, and 59 episodes, respectively, were in patients with transient bacteremia (a single positive blood culture), bacteremia (two or more positive blood cultures), and polymicrobial bacteremia. Nosocomial bacteremia accounted for 61.7% and 51.1% of episodes due to strains with and without HLGR, respectively. All isolates were strains of Enterococcus faecalis except for 13 strains of Enterococcus faecium, 4 of Enterococcus avium, and 3 of Enterococcus durans. Although the mortality was slightly higher among patients infected with strains with HLGR than among those infected with strains without HLGR (38.3% vs. 30.5%, respectively), there was no statistical difference. The mortality rate was adversely affected by old age (P < .01) and rapidly and ultimately fatal underlying conditions (P < .001). The addition of gentamicin to the treatment regimens had no effect on mortality.
Identiﬁcation and Characterization of Transposable Elements of Paracoccus pantotrophus

We studied diversity and distribution of transposable elements residing in different strains (DSM 11072, DSM 11073, DSM 65, and LMD 82.5) of a soil bacterium Paracoccus pantotrophus ( (cid:1) -Proteobacteria ). With application of a shuttle entrapment vector pMEC1, several novel insertion sequences (ISs) and transposons (Tns) have been identiﬁed. They were sequenced and subjected to detailed comparative analysis, which allowed their characterization (i.e., identiﬁcation of transposase genes, terminal inverted repeats, as well as target sequences) and classiﬁcation into the appropriate IS or Tn families. The frequency of transposition of these elements varied and ranged from 10 (cid:2) 6 to 10 (cid:2) 3 depending on the strain. The copy number, localization (plasmid or chromosome), and distribution of these elements in the Paracoccus species P. pantotrophus , P. denitriﬁcans , P. methylutens , P. solventivorans , and P. versutus were analyzed. This allowed us to distinguish elements that are common in paracocci (IS Ppa2 , IS Ppa3 —both of the IS 5 family—and IS Ppa5 of IS 66 family) as well as strain-speciﬁc ones (IS Ppa1 of the IS 256 family, IS Ppa4 of the IS 5 family, and Tn 3434 and Tn 5393 of the Tn 3 family), acquired by lateral transfer events. These
Data hiding in binary line drawing images

A method for embedding data in binary line drawing images is proposed. Under the condition that the width of digital lines is greater than or equal to three, the method uses the constraints of line drawings, and represents the digital lines by using a set of 3times3 rational meshes. Then the meshes whose central pixels are flippable are selected out to embed and extract data. Compared with other watermarking methods for binary images, the proposed method can maintain higher quality of the host image after data hiding.
With a Little Help from my Friends

Why did Latin American governments adopt potentially costly, union-friendly labor reforms in the cost-sensitive 1980s and 1990s? The authors answer the question by exploring the relationship between trade unions and two of their most important allies: labor-backed parties at home and labor rights activists overseas. While labor-backed parties in Latin America have locked in the support of their core constituencies by adopting relatively union-friendly labor laws in an otherwise uncertain political and economic environment, labor rights activists in the United States have demonstrated their support for their Latin American allies by asking the U.S. government to treat the protection of labor rights as the price of access to the U.S. market. The former trajectory is the norm in traditionally labor-mobilizing polities, where industrialization encouraged the growth of labor-backed parties in the postwar era; the latter is more common in more labor-repressive environments, where vulnerable unions tend to look for allies overseas.
Women's Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Outcomes in Greece

Abstract This study is the first to use a field experiment to provide information on the relationship between women being lesbian and their hiring prospects in Greece. Data for 2007–8 support previous findings (in Canada and Austria) indicating that lesbians face hiring discrimination. The study finds that the estimated probability of lesbian applicants receiving an invitation for an interview is 27.7 percent lower than that for heterosexual women applicants. More importantly, the study shows that entry wage differentials assigned are inconsistent with the ascendant empirical claims (from the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) that lesbians have higher market earnings. The study concludes that the negative effect of lesbian sexual orientation on wage outcomes in Greece is 6.1 percent. Given that legal actions in Greece have the potential to affect sexual-orientation minorities, it is important to understand the relationships between sexual orientation and the labor market.
Artificial and bioartificial support systems for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure: a systematic review.

CONTEXT Artificial and bioartificial support systems may provide a "bridge" for patients with severe liver disease to recovery or transplantation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of artificial and bioartificial support systems for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure. DATA SOURCES Randomized trials on any support system vs standard medical therapy were included irrespective of publication status or language. Nonrandomized studies were included in explorative analyses. Trials were identified through electronic searches (Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Chinese Medical Database), bibliographies, and contact with experts. Searches were conducted of the entire databases through September 2002. STUDY SELECTION Of 528 references identified, 12 randomized trials with 483 patients were included. Eight nonrandomized studies were included in explorative analyses. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted and trial quality was assessed independently by 3 reviewers (L.L.K., J.L., B.A-N.). The primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Results were combined on the risk ratio (RR) scale. Random-effects models were used. Sources of heterogeneity were explored through meta-regression and stratified meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS Of the 12 trials included, 10 assessed artificial systems for acute or acute-on-chronic liver failure and 2 assessed bioartificial systems for acute liver failure. Overall, support systems had no significant effect on mortality compared with standard medical therapy (RR, 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-1.12). Meta-regression indicated that the effect of support systems depended on the type of liver failure (P =.03). In stratified meta-analyses, support systems appeared to reduce mortality by 33% in acute-on-chronic liver failure (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.90), but not in acute liver failure (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.71-1.29). Compared with randomized trials, nonrandomized studies produced significantly larger estimates of intervention effects (P =.01). CONCLUSION This review suggests that artificial support systems reduce mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure compared with standard medical therapy. Artificial and bioartificial support systems did not appear to affect mortality in acute liver failure.
Education for practice

Purpose – The purpose of this short opinion piece is to focus on the role of marketing, its theory and practice, and its relevance now and in the future.Design/methodology/approach – The article analyses the present situation – which is not new – the perceived divide between marketing theory and marketing practice and, therefore, the issue of what academics should research and teach that might be of relevance to practitioners.Findings – The article shows that if marketers – both academic and practitioner – are to meet and resolve the present challenges then they need to be customer focused, build long‐term relationships with customers, and think of their life‐time value as opposed to their short‐term profitability.Originality/value – The article highlights issues of relevance to those involved with marketing theory and practice.
Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: Assessing the Variables of Success.

applied prospectively. A central effort in implementation analysis is the attempt to generate a general model by isolating the crucial variables that make or break successful policy. It seems that everyone has a favorite list (Edwards, 1980; Sabatier and Mazmanian, 1980; Van Meter and Van Horn, 1975). On reflection, these lists are essentially variations on a theme, with some being more detailed than others. Further, these various models examine the process from a retrospective attitude. Accordingly, they focus on many variables-communication, resources, commitment, etc. Although this is the standard procedure, it is not the only technique for conducting an implementation study. It is possible to assess the success of a policy's implementation even as the earliest steps toward actualization are being made. This is a prospective attitude. Such a strategy is exceptionally helpful to practitioners and theorists because, as previous implementation studies show, effective implementation is contingent upon many factors unforeseen at the legislative phase (Pressman and Wildavsky, 1973; Edwards, 1980; Nakamura and Smallwood, 1980). Knowing the initial array of factors and forces surrounding the process through an early examination can reveal potential problems and weaknesses in the process that threaten success. This allows for an preemptory or midcourse correction by those charged with enforcement and application. Alternatively, it can also reveal those elements working in favor of the policy's actualization, the influence of which can be encouraged and not accidentally impeded. This predictive analysis enjoys the advantage of letting the implementation scholar and practitioner make a positive contribution to the process, rather than restricting him or her to bemoaning and illuminating yet another policy failure.