Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Using Virtual-Circuit Networks for File Transfers

It has become clear that widespread collaboration in the scientific community, which can increasingly be characterized by geographically distributed and large-scale projects, requires predictable network service [1]. Predictable network service needed by applications such as large file transfers, remote visualization, and remote instrumentation can only be offered on connection-oriented networks. Circuit-switched and virtual-circuit networks offer connection-oriented services1. Significant work in the CHEETAH project [2] focused on various problems related to using circuit-switched networks for file transfers. (e.g., [3]–[7]). In this work, the focus is on using virtual-circuit networks for file transfers. There are four compelling reasons to study the use of virtual circuits for file transfers. 1) By using a single substrate of packet switches, a network could offer both connection-oriented (with virtual circuits) and connectionless services. The availability of both connection-oriented and connectionless services allows a file transfer to use the service appropriate to its size. Small file transfers use connectionless service to avoid the setup-delay overhead cost associated with connection-oriented service, while large file transfers use connection-oriented service if rate guarantees are desired. 2) The pervasive technology of end hosts’ network interface cards is packet based, i.e. Ethernet, which is a compelling reason to address problems in the packet-switched network context. 3) There is a flexibility advantage with virtual circuits when compared to circuits. Circuit switches necessarily have a base crossconnect rate, which is the unit rate of the demultiplexed streams. While there may be technological limits on how many virtual circuits can be supported with guaranteed bandwidth on a virtual-circuit switch, theoretically there is more flexibility with respect to adjusting the number of admitted calls and the corresponding bandwidth allocations. 4) Internet2 [8] and the Department of Energy’s Energy Sciences Network (ESnet) [9] have responded to a need for dedicated high-bandwidth circuits/VCs by deploying the Dynamic Circuit (DC) Network [10] and the Science Data Network (SDN) [11], respectively. Virtual circuits are used in both networks. This work addresses three problems related to supporting file transfers on virtual-circuit networks. First, this work answers the question of what transport protocol is appropriate for use in virtual circuits. Data-plane functions such as policing and scheduling are used to ensure rate guarantees on virtual circuits. As the data-plane characteristics of virtual circuits with rate guarantees are different from the data-plane characteristics of connectionless networks for which today’s transport protocols have been designed, a new transport protocol is required for rate-guaranteed virtual circuits. Section II describes the design, implementation, and experimentation work planned to develop a novel transport protocol for use in virtual-circuit networks.
Solvation thermodynamics of organic molecules by the molecular integral equation theory: approaching chemical accuracy.

The integral equation theory (IET) of molecular liquids has been an active area of academic research in theoretical and computational physical chemistry for over 40 years because it provides a consistent theoretical framework to describe the structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid-phase solutions. The theory can describe pure and mixed solvent systems (including anisotropic and nonequilibrium systems) and has already been used for theoretical studies of a vast range of problems in chemical physics / physical chemistry, molecular biology, colloids, soft matter, and electrochemistry. A consider- able advantage of IET is that it can be used to study speci fi c solute − solvent interactions, unlike continuum solvent models, but yet it requires considerably less computational expense than explicit solvent simulations.
Device and Circuit Co-Design Robustness Studies in the Subthreshold Logic for Ultralow-Power Applications for 32 nm CMOS

Digital circuits operating in a subthreshold region have gained wide interest due to their suitability for applications requiring ultralow power consumption with low-to-medium performance criteria. It has been demonstrated that by appropriately optimizing the devices for subthreshold logic, total energy consumption can be reduced significantly. One of the major concerns for subthreshold circuit design is increased sensitivity to process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) variations. In this paper, we critically study the effect of variations of different device and environmental parameters like gate oxide thickness, channel length, threshold voltage, supply voltage, temperature, and reverse body bias on subthreshold circuit performance for 32 nm bulk CMOS. From the study, we conclude that alternative devices like double-gate silicon-on-insulator (DGSOI) are better candidates in terms of performance, robustness and PVT insensitivity as compared to bulk circuits for both static CMOS and pseudo NMOS logic families. We also study the performance and robustness comparisons of bulk CMOS and DGSOI subthreshold basic logic gates with and without parameter variations and we observe 60-70% improvement in power delay product and roughly 50% better tolerance to PVT variations of DGSOI subthreshold logic circuits compared to bulk CMOS subthreshold circuits at the 32 nm node.
An Evaluation of Subliminally Embedded Sexual Stimuli in Graphics

Abstract This experiment was concerned only with the extent to which consumers may be influenced by embedding within graphics of sexually oriented symbols or words. Deliberate elimination of other embedded variables was maintained to ensure the purity of the experiment. Findings indicate that subliminally embedded, sexually oriented stimuli do not influence consumer preference. It would seem that additional research could be undertaken because of expressed consumer belief that embedding is being practiced by advertising practitioners.
Augmented reality annotation for social video sharing

This paper explores different visual interfaces for sharing comments on a social live video streaming platforms. So far, comments are displayed separately from the video making it hard to relate the comments to event in the video. In this work we investigate an Augmented Reality (AR) interface displaying comments directly on the streamed live video. Our described prototype allows remote spectators to perceive the streamed live video with different interfaces for displaying the comments. We conducted a user study to compare different ways of visualising comments and found that users prefer having comments in the AR view rather than on a separate list. We discuss the implications of this research and directions for future work.
Evaluation of Domain Appropriate and Inappropriate Responses to Socio-Moral Transgressions in the Educational Context

A series of situations of moral and conventional transgression was presented to 72 participants from grades 3 (age 7-10), 6 (age 11-13), and 9 (age 14-16), as well as to a group of teachers (age 24-65) of a public school in Bogota. For every situation of transgression, there were five possible responses, whose appropriateness was scored by the participants. The results show that inadequate responses regarding moral transgressions were given a higher score by a great number of participants. These findings suggest that there is a significant incoherence in educational responses to moral transgressions and a predominance of conventional regulations that hinder moral understanding.
An Empirical Study of the Effects of Principal Component Analysis on Symbolic Classifiers

Classification is a frequently encountered data mining problem. While symbolic classifiers have high comprehensibility, their language bias may hamper their classification performance. Incorporating new features constructed based on the original features may relax such language bias and lead to performance improvement. Among others, principal component analysis (PCA) has been proposed as a possible method for enhancing the performance of decision trees. However, since PCA is an unsupervised method, the principal components may not represent the ideal projection directions for optimizing the classification performance. Thus, we expect PCA to have varying effects; it may improve classification performance if the projections enhance class differences, but may degrade performance otherwise. We also posit that the effects of PCA are similar on symbolic classifiers, including decision rules, decision trees, and decision tables. In this paper, we empirically evaluate the effects of PCA on symbolic classifiers and discuss the findings.
A Fuzzy Simulation Method

In this paper we propose a method for the simulation of uncertain dynamical systems. Uncertainty is taken into account by replacing crisp functions by fuzzy functions on the right-hand side of diieren-tial equations. Crisp initial conditions are replaced with fuzzy ones. As an application of the method we consider the prediction of object trajectories in spatiotemporal reasoning.
Methanolic extract of Teucrium polium L. potentiates the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of anticancer drugs of vincristine, vinblastine and doxorubicin against a panel of cancerous cell lines.

UNLABELLED A growing body of evidence indicates that specific phytochemicals can increase an efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. AIM To evaluate promoting effect of the methanolic extract of Teucrium Polium (Me-TP) on cytotoxic and apoptotic activity of anticancer drugs of vinblastine, vincristine and doxorubicin in vitro. METHODS Skmel-3, Saos-2, SW480, MCF-7, KB, EJ and A431 cell lines were used. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay and colony formation assay. The nature of interactions was analyzed by combination index (CI) method. Apoptotic cells were assessed by DAPI staining. RESULTS The vincristine/Me-TP, vinblastine/Me-TP and doxorubicin/Me-TP combinations showed a strong synergistic effect in the cell growth inhibition (0.13<CI<0.36). Similar results were observed by colony formation assay. Furthermore, the combinations of vincristine/Me-TP and vinblastine/Me-TP resulted in a massive apoptosis (>80%) compared to effect of individual drugs (0-3%). At the additional experiments, Me-TP reduced marginally to significantly the cytotoxic effects of vincristine and vinblastine toward the human fibroblasts (p<0.05 to 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that Me-TP has the potential to be an effective and safe chemosensitizer agent for cancer therapy.
Distribution and Diversity of Escherichia coli Populations in the South Nation River Drainage Basin, Eastern Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT We investigated the prevalence and diversity of Escherichia coli strains isolated from surface waters from multiple watersheds within the South Nation River basin in eastern Ontario, Canada. The basin is composed of mixed but primarily agricultural land uses. From March 2004 to November 2007, a total of 2,004 surface water samples were collected from 24 sampling sites. E. coli densities ranged from undetectable to 1.64 × 105 CFU 100 ml−1 and were correlated with stream order and proximity to livestock production systems. The diversity of 21,307 E. coli isolates was characterized using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR), allowing for the identification of as many as 7,325 distinct genotypes, without capturing all of the diversity. The community was temporally and spatially dominated by a few dominant genotypes (clusters of more than 500 isolates) and several genotypes of intermediary abundance (clustering between 10 and 499 isolates). Simpson diversity indices, assessed on a normalized number of isolates per sample, ranged from 0.050 to 0.668. Simpson indices could be statistically discriminated on the basis of year and stream order, but land use, discharge, weather, and water physical-chemical properties were not statistically important discriminators. The detection of Campylobacter species was associated with statistically lower Simpson indices (greater diversity; P < 0.05). Waterborne E. coli isolates from genotypes of dominant and intermediary abundance were clustered with isolates obtained from fecal samples collected in the study area over the same period, and 90% of the isolates tested proved to share genotypes with fecal isolates. Overall, our data indicated that the densities and distribution of E. coli in these mixed-use watersheds were linked to stream order and livestock-based land uses. Waterborne E. coli populations that were distinct from fecal isolates were detected and, on this basis, were possibly naturalized E. coli strains.
Towards A Human-Centered Intrinsically-Safe Robotic Manipulator

In recent years, many successful robotic manipulator designs have been introduced. However, there remains the challenge of designing a manipulator that possesses the inherent safety characteristics necessary for human-centered robotics. In this paper, we present a new actuation approach that has the requisite characteristics for inherent safety while maintaining the performance expected of modern designs. By drastically reducing the effective impedance of the manipulator while maintaining high frequency torque capability, we show that the competing design requirements of performance and safety can be successfully integrated into a single manipulation system.
Thalamocortical synchronization during induction and emergence from propofol-induced unconsciousness

Significance General anesthesia is a drug-induced state of altered arousal associated with profound, stereotyped electrophysiological oscillations. Here we report evidence in rats that propofol, an anesthetic drug frequently used in clinical practice, disrupts activity in medial prefrontal cortex and thalamus by inducing highly synchronized oscillations between these structures. These oscillations closely parallel human electroencephalogram oscillations under propofol. Disruption of activity in medial prefrontal cortex by these oscillations implies an impairment of self-awareness and internal consciousness. During recovery of consciousness, these synchronized oscillations dissipate in a “boot-up” sequence most likely driven by ascending arousal centers. These studies advance our understanding of what it means to be unconscious under anesthesia and establish principled neurophysiological markers to monitor and manage this state. General anesthesia (GA) is a reversible drug-induced state of altered arousal required for more than 60,000 surgical procedures each day in the United States alone. Sedation and unconsciousness under GA are associated with stereotyped electrophysiological oscillations that are thought to reflect profound disruptions of activity in neuronal circuits that mediate awareness and cognition. Computational models make specific predictions about the role of the cortex and thalamus in these oscillations. In this paper, we provide in vivo evidence in rats that alpha oscillations (10–15 Hz) induced by the commonly used anesthetic drug propofol are synchronized between the thalamus and the medial prefrontal cortex. We also show that at deep levels of unconsciousness where movement ceases, coherent thalamocortical delta oscillations (1–5 Hz) develop, distinct from concurrent slow oscillations (0.1–1 Hz). The structure of these oscillations in both cortex and thalamus closely parallel those observed in the human electroencephalogram during propofol-induced unconsciousness. During emergence from GA, this synchronized activity dissipates in a sequence different from that observed during loss of consciousness. A possible explanation is that recovery from anesthesia-induced unconsciousness follows a “boot-up” sequence actively driven by ascending arousal centers. The involvement of medial prefrontal cortex suggests that when these oscillations (alpha, delta, slow) are observed in humans, self-awareness and internal consciousness would be impaired if not abolished. These studies advance our understanding of anesthesia-induced unconsciousness and altered arousal and further establish principled neurophysiological markers of these states.
Covering a mobile target using mobile sensor networks

In this paper, we mainly consider the problem of coverage a moving target using mobile sensor networks. In order to coverage the position of the target, reconstruct the position of target should be considered first. The standard Luenberger observer is built for estimation the target by us. Then effective coverage of it is studied and coverage coordination control is given for the sensors based on the designed observer. Finally, some numerical examples are given to validate the proposed coverage and tracking algorithms.
Refined Anchor Free Localisation for Wireless Sensor Monitoring in Wireless Sensor Networks

Localisation is required for many ad-hoc sensor network applications. In this paper we look at the limitations of the existing localisation technique, Anchor Free Localisation (AFL) with regards to coping with non-uniform anchor distributions and errors in ranging information. We present a refined approach called Refined Anchor Free Localisation (R-AFL) that uses a combination of mobile anchor scenarios for anchor information distribution, along with statistical techniques for performing localisation with inaccurate range data. This algorithm is a centralized incremental algorithm. In this algorithm we sue actual distance information instead of hop counts. Since hop counts does not reflect the true distances existing between them. Our algorithm stays in a base station and starts as soon as all the sensors send their local information to its base station. Simulations with our refined approach have shown significant reductions (in the order of magnitude range) to the required processing for performing statistical localisation over previous attempts, as well as improving the generated location information in situations with nontotal anchor information coverage, making possible a wider range of applications.
Fuzzy rule based approach for face and facial feature extraction in biometric authentication

Human biometrics are regarded as groundbreaking tools for preserving privacy and security in many computer vision applications such as, biometric authentication, secure access control, visa processing, and border checking. Biometric features such as, fingerprint, face, retina, iris patterns, voice waves, palm print and signatures are commonly used in biometric authentication. However, in recent years face and facial features have become as the key attributes in biometric authentication due to their uniqueness and robustness. This manuscript proposes a robust and efficient scheme for extracting facial biometric features from the face images using fuzzy rules. The proposed system estimates face and facial features by analyzing color components in the human face images. In this paper we have used a combined color space consisting of HSV and YCbCr models to extract the color components. The face skeleton is determined based on the largest connected skin color area. Facial features such as, eyes, nose, mouth are then localized from the face skeleton with the knowledge of the face geometry. The algorithm is characterized by its simplicity and inexpensive computational requirements. Experimental evaluation confirms that our proposed system provides better performance comparable to other methods.
Long-term Mortality of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Objectives: Long-term mortality data for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeders is scarce in the literature. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the long-term mortality of patients admitted to two intensive care units with a primary diagnosis of GI bleeding. Methods: The charts of patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) with GI bleeding were reviewed and the data of the patients’ first day in the MICU was used to calculate APACHE III and Charlson scores. A GI bleeding score was computed by combining endoscopic findings and units of blood transfused during patients’ MICU stay. Mortality data was obtained from the Vital Statistics Department of Montgomery County, Dayton, OH. Survival data and predictability of mortality based on these scores were assessed. Results: Mean age of the 66 patient cohort was 58.6 years. Twenty-six of 51 patients with upper GI bleeding, five of seven patients with lower GI bleeding, and four of eight patients with unknown site of bleeding died within 7 years. Charlson score correlated significantly with the mortality prediction, whereas the APACHE III and bleeding scores did not. Conclusions: All-cause and GI bleeding-related 7-year mortality for patients admitted to the MICU with GI bleeding was lower than the rates cited in the literature. The Charlson score was helpful in predicting mortality.
Effects of doxazosin on ambulatory blood pressure and sympathetic nervous activity in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with overt nephropathy

Aims Few studies have reported the effect of α1‐adrenergic antagonists on 24‐h blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nervous activity in hypertensive patients with diabetic nephropathy. We assessed the effects of doxazosin on 24‐h BP and spectral analysis of heart rate variability in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and compared the results with those in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and non‐diabetic patients with essential hypertension.
“The Schedule Has Been Tough But We Think It's Worth It”: The Joys, Challenges, and Recommendations of Youth Sport Parents

Abstract Substantial research has been conducted on children's experiences in youth sports, and on parental influences on children's' affective responses to participation, yet little is known about how parents themselves are impacted by organized programs for their children. The purpose of this study was to understand the positive and negative aspects of parental involvement in youth sports from a sample of 10 focus groups with 55 parents. Parents identified four global themes including: (a) parent joys, (b) parent challenges, (c) factors explaining parental behavior, and (d) adult responsibility. The implications of this study are to provide youth sport leaders, practitioners, and researchers with an understanding of the concerns youth sport parents have in regards to parental conduct at youth sport events.
The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: a national study.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the prevalence and predictors of past-year unmet needs for 5 types of health care services in a national sample of homeless adults. METHODS We analyzed data from 966 adult respondents to the 2003 Health Care for the Homeless User Survey, a sample representing more than 436,000 individuals nationally. Using multivariable logistic regression, we determined the independent predictors of each type of unmet need. RESULTS Seventy-three percent of the respondents reported at least one unmet health need, including an inability to obtain needed medical or surgical care (32%), prescription medications (36%), mental health care (21%), eyeglasses (41%), and dental care (41%). In multivariable analyses, significant predictors of unmet needs included food insufficiency, out-of-home placement as a minor, vision impairment, and lack of health insurance. Individuals who had been employed in the past year were more likely than those who had not to be uninsured and to have unmet needs for medical care and prescription medications. CONCLUSIONS This national sample of homeless adults reported substantial unmet needs for multiple types of health care. Expansion of health insurance may improve health care access for homeless adults, but addressing the unique challenges inherent to homelessness will also be required.