Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Division of Household Labor.

In this chapter we review research on the division of household labor and its consequences. The review summarizes research focused on issues of measurement, including research on methods of gathering data on housework time and time use in general and discussions of various ways to operationalize the division of household labor. Some attention is paid to historical and theoretical work on housework and women's responsibility for it in particular, followed by a more detailed discussion of current empirical approaches to explaining the division of household labor as well as criticisms of these approaches. Finally, we review research that examines the consequences of the division of household labor, focusing on those studies that examine its impact on labor force participation and wages, marital and family satisfaction, psychological well-being, and perceptions of fairness.
Shaping productive help-seeking behavior during robot-child tutoring interactions

In intelligent tutoring systems, one fundamental problem that limits learning gains is the unproductive use of on-demand help features, namely overuse or aversion, resulting in students misusing the system rather than engaging in active learning. Social robots as tutoring agents have the potential to mitigate those behaviors by actively shaping productive help-seeking behaviors. We hypothesize that effectual help-seeking behavior is a critical contributor to learning gains in a robot-child tutoring interaction. We conduct a between-subjects study where children interacted with a social robot solving fractions problems over multiple sessions (29 children; 4 sessions per child) in one of two groups. Results showed that participants in our experimental group, who received adaptive shaping strategies from the robot targeting suboptimal help requests, reduced their suboptimal behaviors over time significantly more than a control group, as well as improved their scores from pretest to posttest significantly more than a control group.
Relation of Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Family Environment to Adult Metabolic Functioning in the CARDIA Study

Objective: Low SES and a conflict-ridden, neglectful, or harsh family environment in childhood have been linked to a high rate of physical health disorders in adulthood. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate a model of the pathways that may help to explain these links and to relate them to metabolic functioning (MF) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults (CARDIA) dataset. Methods: Participants (n = 3225) in the year 15 assessment of CARDIA, age 33 to 45 years, completed measures of childhood socioeconomic status (SES), risky early family environment (RF), adult psychosocial functioning (PsyF, a latent factor measured by depression, hostility, positive and negative social contacts), and adult SES. Indicators of the latent factor MF were assessed, specifically, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and waist circumference. Results: The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 9.7%. Structural equation modeling indicated that childhood SES and RF are associated with MF via their association with PsyF (standardized path coefficients: childhood SES to RF −0.13, RF to PsyF 0.44, PsyF to MF 0.09, all p < .05), but also directly (coefficient from childhood SES to MF −0.12, p < .05), with good overall model fit. When this model was tested separately for race-sex subgroups, it fit best for white women, fit well for African-American women and white men, but did not fit well for African-American men. Conclusions: These results indicate that childhood SES and early family environment contribute to metabolic functioning through pathways of depression, hostility, and poor quality of social contacts. SES = socioeconomic status; RF = risky family environment; MF = metabolic functioning; PsyF = psychosocial functioning; CHD = coronary heart disease; HPA = hypothalamic pituitary axis; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; CARDIA = Coronary Artery Risk Development In Young Adults; RMSEA = root mean-square error of approximation; NFI = normed fit index; CFI = confirmatory fit index; SEM = structural equation modeling.
Explorer CpG island erosion , polycomb occupancy and sequence motif enrichment at bivalent promoters in mammalian embryonic stem cells

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Danish SMEs in the global arena: cultural differences as learning potential

This article explores how SMEs interact cross-culturally, a hitherto underdeveloped aspect of SME research. It reports from a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with founders or key managers representing ten born global SMEs of Danish origin, all active in Asia. It is found that although formalised cross-cultural preparation is rare, the multicultural backgrounds of interviewees have contributed to their mental readiness for cross-cultural interaction. SMEs with resource intensive activities tend to promote their own practices more than exporters who are more willing to adapt unconditionally. But overwhelmingly, interviewees describe cross-cultural collaboration in Asia as unproblematic. Interviewees point to cultural differences as a source of learning regarding, e.g., work habits, harmonious communication and market specific knowledge. The flexibility and relatively small power differences in their organisations promote cross-cultural learning, and knowledge of cultural differences often constitute business opportunities at both ends of the SMEs’ value-added chains.
High-field initiated ballistic transport in carbon nanotubes

The carrier statistics in the carbon nanotubes (CNT) with nonparabolic energy spectrum is investigated to predict the ultimate (intrinsic) drift velocity as a function of temperature, concentration, and chirality. The extremely high mobilities in CNTs do not necessarily lead to higher saturation velocity. It is found to be limited by the intrinsic velocity calculated using Arora's formalism [1]. The ballistic nature of the mobility of CNT length smaller than the scattering-limited mean free path is also explored. The results are of enormous importance in extracting carrier transport properties from a variety of experiments performed on CNT
The effective radius and resistance to slippage

This work reveals that parallel gripper flat-jaw configuration affects grasping effectiveness. An important finding is the fact that object grasp reliability is influenced significantly by gripper's ability to develop high resistance to object rotation in the gripper. The concept of effective torque radius, which increases resistance to object rotation in the gripper, is presented here and can be extrapolated to other grasping devices and grasping strategies to improve their reliability and make them more effective. Grippers with full-jaw contact surface and those with discrete contact areas have been investigated using simple experimental setups. Essential mathematical models needed for analytical investigation, based on simple mechanics for full-jaw contact surfaces and discrete-jaw contact surfaces, are presented. These may be useful for gripper jaw design purposes.
Time Course of Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis After Brief Corneal Inflammation

Purpose: To study the time course of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the cornea after a short inflammatory insult. This might be helpful for the timing of corneal transplantation in high-risk eyes. Methods: The mouse model of suture-induced inflammatory corneal neovascularization was used. After placement of 3 interrupted 11-0 sutures into the corneal stroma of BALB/c mice (left in place for 14 days), corneas were excised 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days as well as 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 months after surgery. Hem- and lymphangiogenesis were evaluated using double immunohistochemistry of corneas with CD31/PECAM1 as panendothelial and LYVE-1 as lymphatic endothelial marker. Results: Both blood and lymphatic vessels grew into the cornea as early as day 2 after suture placement. The outgrowth was initially parallel. Hem- and lymphangiogenesis peaked around day 14. Thereafter, both vessel types started to regress. Regression of lymphatic vessels started earlier and was more pronounced than that of blood vessels. Whereas at 6 and 8 months (partly) perfused CD31+++/LYVE-1? blood vessels and (nonperfused) ghost vessels could still be observed, there were no CD31+/LYVE-1+++ lymphatic vessels detectable beyond 6 months after this short inflammation. Conclusions: After a temporary inflammatory insult to the cornea, there is initially parallel outgrowth of both blood and lymphatic vessels. But thereafter, lymphatic vessels regress earlier than blood vessels and are completely regressed by 6 months. Earlier regression of pathologic corneal lymph versus blood vessels suggests that corneal graft survival in high-risk eyes might best be delayed for a prolonged interval following an inflammatory insult.
Designing Reliable , High-Performance Networks with the Nuprl Logical Programming Environment u Position Statement

Formal methods tools have greatly influenced our ability to increase the reliability of software and hardware systems. Extended type checkers, model checkers and theorem provers have been used to detect subtle errors in prototype code and to clarify critical concepts in system design. Automated theorem proving now has the potential to support a formal development of reliable systems at the same pace as designs that are not formally assisted, provided it is engaged at the earliest stages of design and implementation. An engagement of deductive methods at this stage depends on a formal language that is able to naturally express the ideas underlying the software systems, a knowledge base of formalized facts about systems concepts that a design team can use in its discussions, and a theorem prover capable of integrating a variety of different proof techniques while providing assurance for the correctness of the joint result. The NUPRL ogical Programming Environment (Constable et al. 1986) is a framework for the development of formalized mathematical knowledge as well as for the synthesis, verification, and optimization of software. It provides an expressive formal logic (Martin-L0f 1984; Constable 1998) and a theorem proving environment (Constable et al. 1986; Allen et al. 2000; NuPRL ) that supports interactive and tactic-based proof development, extraction of programs from proofs, program evaluation, language extensions through a definition mechanism, and an extendable library of verified algorithmic knowledge. Our goal is to demonstrate that the NUPRL LPE is capable of supporting the formal design and implementation of large-scale, high-performance network systems. We have already used the NUPRL LPE in the verification of protocols for the ENSEMBLE group communication toolkit (Kreitz, Hayden, & Hickey 1998; Hickey, Lynch, & van Renesse 1999), in verifiably correct optimizations of ENSEMBLE protocol stacks (Kreitz 1999; Liu et al. 1999), and in the formed design and implementation of new adaptive network protocols (Liu et al. 2001; Bickford et al. 2001a; 2001b). Currently we are working on providing formal support for the development of large distributed embedded systoms. Our experience shows that logical methods that have
Arguing for Computer Science in the School Curriculum

Computer science has been a discipline for some years, and its position in the school curriculum has been contested differently in several countries. This paper looks at its role in three countries to illustrate these differences. A reconsideration of computer science as a separate subject both in primary and secondary education is suggested. At EDUsummIT 2015 it was argued that the major rationales for including computer science as a subject in the K-12 curriculum are economic, social and cultural. The paper explores these three rationales and also a beneficence matrix to assist curriculum designers. It also argues computer science is rapidly becoming critical for generating new knowledge, and should be taught as a distinct subject or content area, especially in secondary schools. The paper concludes by looking at some of the key questions to be considered when implementing computer science in the school curriculum, and at ways its role might change in the future.
Interview and Concours: teacher appointment procedures in England and Wales and France, and what they mean

ABSTRACT The paper compares and contrasts two methods or styles of selecting and appointing teachers. In England and Wales, teachers are invariably appointed by interview to particular posts in particular schools; in France, teachers are appointed to life‐long Civil Service positions as a result of a competitive examination or concours. Each of these procedures reflects different assumptions about the education system in general and about the work of teachers in particular. These differences flow from the very different histories of the nation‐states concerned. Recent changes, especially in the French system, are described and discussed. The author points to the tension between pressure from the European Union to integrate and harmonise national qualifications, and the deeply rooted character of distinct national cultures of schooling, teaching and learning and assessment.
The mapping hypothesis and aphasia therapy

Abstract This paper reviews the contribution made to aphasia therapy by the mapping hypothesis. The introduction describes the development of the hypothesis and considers its implications for therapy. A review of mapping therapy studies follows. It is argued that although mapping treatments have produced encouraging results which are broadly explicable within the hypothesis, the details of outcome and differences between the patients are very difficult to interpret psycholinguistically. The concluding discussion considers some of the unresolved questions and offers suggestions for future research developments.
Modeling the microprosody of pitch and loudness for speech synthesis with neural networks

In this study of Finnish microprosody, two prosodic parameters — pitch and loudness — were modeled with artificial neural networks. The networks are of the general feed forward type trained with backpropagation. For each phoneme, the network predicts a series of either pitch or loudness values on the basis of information of the phoneme’s phonologically motivated features and its phonetic environment. The tests we have run so far indicate that the neural networks are highly successful and accurate in modeling the micro-level behavior of both pitch and loudness. The tests were conducted on isolated word material but some preliminary results obtained from sentence material are also discussed.
Robot localization using WiFi signal without intensity map

This paper describes a method to estimate the position of a mobile robot in an indoor scenario using the odometric calculus and the WiFi energy received from the wireless infrastructure. This energy will be measured by wireless network card on-board a mobile robot, and it will be used as another regular sensor to improve position estimation. The Bayes rule will be used to accumulate localization probability as the robot moves on. In this paper several experiments in a university building are shown. The two major contributions of the presented work are that the self-localization error achieved is bounded, and that no significant degradation is observed when the theoretical WiFi energy at each point is taken from radio propagation model instead of an a priori experimental intensity map of the environment.
Stroke Onset Time Using Sodium MRI in Rat Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose— Thrombolytic therapy with intravenous tPA must be administered within 3 hours after stroke onset. However, stroke onset time cannot be established in 20% to 45% of potential patients. We propose that the rate of increase of the brain concentration of sodium ([Na+]br) after stroke, monitored using sodium MRI in a rat model of cortical ischemia, is linear in each individual animal, can locate the ischemic region, and can be used to estimate onset time. Methods— After induction of focal cortical ischemia in rats under isoflurane anesthesia, [Na+]br time course maps were acquired continuously on a 3 T whole body scanner from 2 to 7 hours after occlusion followed by T2-weighted proton images. Microtubule-associated protein-2 immunostained brain sections were used to verify the location of the infarct. Results— The ischemic region identified with microtubule-associated protein-2 corresponded to the region of maximum [Na+]br increase (P<0.001; n=5), and all of the animals demonstrated high linearity. [Na+]br increased at a mean rate of 25±4.7%/h in ischemic tissue (P=0.013) but not in normal cortex (1.0±1.1%/h; P=0.42). The mean onset time error was 1±4 minutes (n=4). Conclusions— These results of sodium MRI show that the region of maximum [Na+]br increase corresponds to the ischemic region. Although [Na+]br increases at a different rate in each animal, the increase is linear, and, therefore, onset time can be estimated. These findings suggest that this method can be used as a ticking clock to estimate time elapsed after vascular occlusion.
Inhibition of proinflammatory activities of major periodontal pathogens by aqueous extracts from elder flower (Sambucus nigra).

BACKGROUND Prolonged induction of excessive levels of inflammatory mediators contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic disease states, such as periodontitis. It is thus important to develop safe and effective anti-inflammatory strategies for therapeutic reasons. In this study, we determined the ability of aqueous extracts from elder flower (Sambucus nigra) to inhibit the proinflammatory activity of major virulence factors from the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. METHODS Monocytes/macrophages or neutrophils were incubated with whole cells of P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, or purified components thereof (lipopolysaccharide and fimbriae) in the absence or presence of elder flower extract and were assayed for cytokine production, integrin activation, or induction of the oxidative burst. RESULTS The elder flower extract was found to potently inhibit all proinflammatory activities tested. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the anti-inflammatory extract inhibited activation of the nuclear transcription factor kappaB and of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. CONCLUSION The elder flower extract displays useful anti-inflammatory properties that could be exploited therapeutically for the control of inflammation in human periodontitis.
VIREO-TNO @ TRECVID 2014: Multimedia Event Detection and Recounting (MED and MER)

This paper presents an overview and comparative analysis of our systems designed for TRECVID 2014 [1] multimedia event detection (MED) and recounting (MER) tasks, including all sub-tasks for Pre-Speciﬁed (PS) event detection, all sub-tasks except 100Ex for Ad-Hoc (AH) event detection, and 010Ex sub-task for both PS and AH event recounting.
The Elasticity of Demand for Health Care: A Review of the Literature and Its Application to the Military Health System

Abstract : Understanding the effects of changes in health insurance policies on the demand for health care services is an important and timely topic. As the Military Health System (MHS) has evolved over time, it has begun to adopt cost-containment strategies that have been tested in private health plans. These strategies have led to changes in many aspects of the health care services offered to Department of Defense (DoD) beneficiaries. Each change potentially can affect the number of people accessing services, the intensity of use, and the cost to the DoD. The goal of this report is to summarize the research relevant for considering the effects of policy changes on the demand for DoD health care services and associated costs.
Supersense Tagging for Arabic: the MT-in-the-Middle Attack

We consider the task of tagging Arabic nouns with WordNet supersenses. Three approaches are evaluated. The first uses an expertcrafted but limited-coverage lexicon, Arabic WordNet, and heuristics. The second uses unsupervised sequence modeling. The third and most successful approach uses machine translation to translate the Arabic into English, which is automatically tagged with English supersenses, the results of which are then projected back into Arabic. Analysis shows gains and remaining obstacles in four Wikipedia topical domains.
Distinguishing true from false memories via lexical decision as a perceptual implicit test

Studying a list of associated words (holiday, beach, sun, etc.) produces true memory for on-list items (beach), but also false memory for a nonpresented lure (vacation). I suggest that, because only the true item has been physically presented, true and false memories should be distinguishable if the retrieval task accesses purely perceptual information. This is supported using lexical decision as a perceptual implicit test: at a 3 – 10 min delay, repetition priming was found for physically-presented targets, but there was no semantic priming for lures. This was despite strong false memories for lures in explicit recognition. Given previous findings of lure priming in stem-completion, I argue that to avoid false memories the task must be perceptual, implicit, and produce fast responses.
Vehicle as a resource (VaaR)

Intelligent vehicles are considered key enablers for intelligent transportation systems. They are equipped with resources/components to enable services for vehicle occupants, other vehicles on the road, and third-party recipients. In-vehicle sensors, communication modules, and on-board units with computing and storage capabilities allow the intelligent vehicle to work as a mobile service provider of sensing, data storage, computing, cloud, data relaying, infotainment, and localization services. In this article we introduce the concept of Vehicle as a Resource and shed light on the services a vehicle can potentially provide on the road or parked. We anticipate that an intelligent vehicle can be a significant service provider in a variety of situations, including emergency scenarios.