Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural studies of bovine liver rhodanese. I. Isolation and characterization of two active forms of the enzyme.

Abstract Crystalline bovine liver rhodanese, prepared by ammonium sulfate and pH precipitation, has been shown to be comprised of two fully active components present in approximately equal amounts which are separable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by ion exchange chromatography. The two rhodanese forms, designated A and B on the basis of their order of elution from columns of DEAE-Sephadex, are not in equilibrium nor do they represent free enzyme and an enzyme-substrate complex. Furthermore, the two rhodanese species are identical with respect to kinetic parameters, amino acid composition, NH2-terminal amino acid, sulfhydryl content, tryptic peptide maps, and molecular weight. Both forms exhibit equal activity toward β-mercaptopyruvate and utilize this sulfur donor at an efficiency of about 1% that of thiosulfate. Although no chemical or physical basis for the difference between the two rhodanese forms has been found as yet, a new, milder method for the preparation of the enzyme yields a preponderance of rhodanese A (85 to 90%). This, considered together with the elution characteristics of rhodaneses A and B, suggests that rhodanese B may arise during the course of the purification by deamidation of the A form.
Iron-Mediated Growth of Graphene on SiC for Radiation Detection

A proposed radiation sensor exploits graphene’s high electron mobility and sensitivity to miniscule electric fields to attain a novel approach for radiation detection. Realizing such a sensor is contingent on controlled growth of high-quality graphene on a semiconductor with an insulating interlayer. It has been shown that treating silicon carbide with iron prior to annealing reduces graphitization temperature to ∼ 600 ◦C along with the formation of an iron silicide interlayer. In this thesis the appropriateness of the SiC-FeSi-CGra system for forming radiation sensors was examined with regard to fabrication process and electrical properties. Graphene was grown in ultra-high vacuum on SiC (0001̄) and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of graphene with a 30° rotation with respect to the substrate was confirmed by low-energy electron diffraction. Quantitative analysis on XPS data showed that approximately one monolayer of graphene was grown. Samples were successfully patterned by evaporating iron through a shadow mask, and the presence of graphene selectively on exposed regions was confirmed by spatially resolved XPS. A Hall bar was formed by patterned evaporation of iron for graphene growth, and silver for contacts. Hall measurements were carried out on the device, however inconclusive results were obtained due to poor electrical contact. Photoconductance measurements showed no clear improvement in conductance under exposure to light. Ab-initio calculations on the system suggest that the first layer of graphene interacts strongly with the underlying iron silicide layer forming a metallic buffer layer. It is hence suggested that a thicker film of graphene is grown for successful electrical measurements.
RoCE Rocks without PFC: Detailed Evaluation

In recent years, the usage of RDMA in data center networks has increased significantly, with RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) emerging as the canonical approach for deploying RDMA in Ethernet-based data centers. Initial implementations of RoCE required a lossless fabric for optimal performance. This is typically achieved by enabling Priority Flow Control (PFC) on Ethernet NICs and switches. The RoCEv2 specification introduced RoCE congestion control, which allows throttling the transmission rate in response to congestion. Consequently, packet loss is minimized and performance is maintained, even if the underlying Ethernet network is lossy. In this paper, we discuss the latest developments in RoCE congestion control. Hardware congestion control reduces the latency of the congestion control loop; it reacts promptly in the face of congestion by throttling the transmission rate quickly and accurately. The short control loop also prevents network buffers from overfilling under various congestion scenarios. In addition, fast hardware retransmission complements congestion control in severe congestion scenarios, by significantly reducing the performance penalty of packet drops. We survey architectural features that allow deployment of RoCE over lossy networks and present real lab test results.
Energy partition, scale by scale, in magnetic Archimedes Coriolis weak wave turbulence.

Magnetic Archimedes Coriolis (MAC) waves are omnipresent in several geophysical and astrophysical flows such as the solar tachocline. In the present study, we use linear spectral theory (LST) and investigate the energy partition, scale by scale, in MAC weak wave turbulence for a Boussinesq fluid. At the scale k^{-1}, the maximal frequencies of magnetic (Alfvén) waves, gravity (Archimedes) waves, and inertial (Coriolis) waves are, respectively, V_{A}k,N, and f. By using the induction potential scalar, which is a Lagrangian invariant for a diffusionless Boussinesq fluid [Salhi et al., Phys. Rev. E 85, 026301 (2012)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.85. 026301], we derive a dispersion relation for the three-dimensional MAC waves, generalizing previous ones including that of f-plane MHD "shallow water" waves [Schecter et al., Astrophys. J. 551, L185 (2001)AJLEEY0004-637X10.1086/320027]. A solution for the Fourier amplitude of perturbation fields (velocity, magnetic field, and density) is derived analytically considering a diffusive fluid for which both the magnetic and thermal Prandtl numbers are one. The radial spectrum of kinetic, S_{κ}(k,t), magnetic, S_{m}(k,t), and potential, S_{p}(k,t), energies is determined considering initial isotropic conditions. For magnetic Coriolis (MC) weak wave turbulence, it is shown that, at large scales such that V_{A}k/f≪1, the Alfvén ratio S_{κ}(k,t)/S_{m}(k,t) behaves like k^{-2} if the rotation axis is aligned with the magnetic field, in agreement with previous direct numerical simulations [Favier et al., Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. (2012)] and like k^{-1} if the rotation axis is perpendicular to the magnetic field. At small scales, such that V_{A}k/f≫1, there is an equipartition of energy between magnetic and kinetic components. For magnetic Archimedes weak wave turbulence, it is demonstrated that, at large scales, such that (V_{A}k/N≪1), there is an equipartition of energy between magnetic and potential components, while at small scales (V_{A}k/N≫1), the ratio S_{p}(k,t)/S_{κ}(k,t) behaves like k^{-1} and S_{κ}(k,t)/S_{m}(k,t)=1. Also, for MAC weak wave turbulence, it is shown that, at small scales (V_{A}k/sqrt[N^{2}+f^{2}]≫1), the ratio S_{p}(k,t)/S_{κ}(t) behaves like k^{-1} and S_{κ}(k,t)/S_{m}(k,t)=1.
Actin-dependent rapid recruitment of reluctant synaptic vesicles into a fast-releasing vesicle pool

Glutamatergic synaptic terminals harbor reluctant synaptic vesicles (SVs) that contribute little to synchronous release during action potentials but are release competent when stimulated by sucrose or by direct intracellular application of calcium. It has been noted that the proximity of a release-competent SV to the calcium source is one of the primary factors that differentiate reluctant SVs from fast-releasing ones at the calyx of Held synapse. It has not been known whether reluctant SVs can be converted into fast-releasing ones. Here we show that reluctant SVs are recruited rapidly in an actin-dependent manner to become fast-releasing SVs once the pool of fast-releasing SVs is depleted by a short depolarization. Recovery of the pool of fast-releasing SVs was accompanied by a parallel reduction in the number of reluctant SVs. Quantitative analysis of the time course of depletion of fast-releasing SVs during high-frequency stimulation revealed that in the early phase of stimulation reluctant SVs are converted rapidly into fast-releasing ones, thereby counteracting short-term depression. During the late phase, however, after reluctant vesicles have been used up, another process of calmodulin-dependent recruitment of fast-releasing SVs is activated. These results document that reluctant SVs have a role in short-term plasticity and support the hypothesis of positional priming, which posits that reluctant vesicles are converted into fast-releasing ones via relocation closer to Ca2+-channels.
An optical chip aggregometer based on laser transmission to detect alterations in the aggregation of glycosylated RBC

The study of erythrocyte (RBC) aggregation is of great interest because of its implications on human health, alterations in erythrocyte aggregation can lead to microcirculatory problems. An optical-chip based system was developed using laser transmission techniques in order to evaluate and characterize RBC aggregation. Studies are carried out with in vitro altered RBC by non-enzymatic glycosylation. Several samples were analyzed, and by computational data processing, characteristic parameters were found, describing RBC aggregation kinetics in order to improve the early detection in clinical environments of these anomalies, generally present in vascular diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
Long-term follow-up of late onset vestibular complaints in patients with cochlear implant

Abstract Conclusion: Patients with cochlear implants should be treated no differently than non-implanted patients with similar symptomatology. Objectives: To describe the spectrum of symptomatology, treatment, and long-term follow-up of patients with cochlear implant and vestibular complaints. Methods: This retrospective study included 25 patients with late onset vestibular complaints (more than 1 month post-implantation). Each patient underwent an extensive interrogatory and physical exam with ancillary test to complete a diagnosis. Treatment was given according to this and all patients followed a vestibular rehabilitation program. Results: The total population was 72% male and 28% female, median age was 58 years; minimal follow-up was 9 months (mean = 51, median = 34). Cochleostomy was performed in eight cases and round window insertion was performed in 19 (two patients were removed from each group in the analysis due to their bilateral implantation under a different approach). The mean time from implant to vestibular symptoms was 53 months, median = 32; a Kaplan Meier graphic showed the round window approach has faster onset of symptoms with statistical significance (p = 0.020). The most common complaint was instability in all patients and after both surgical approaches. No difference in symptoms was found with a Kruskall Wallis test except for vertigo spells (more common in the round window approach). In 12 patients the symptomatology was attributed to the implanted side. In the long-term follow-up a relatively high number of patients (20/25) recovered with standard treatment, suggesting the presence of the implant is not associated with poor recovery prognosis.
Small supernumerary marker chromosomes and their correlation with specific syndromes

A small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) is a structurally abnormal chromosome. It is an additional chromosome smaller than one chromosome most often lacking a distinct banding pattern and is rarely identifiable by conventional banding cytogenetic analysis. The origin and composition of an sSMC is recognizable by molecular cytogenetic analysis. These sSMCs are seen in different shapes, including the ring, centric minute, and inverted duplication shapes. The effects of sSMCs on the phenotype depend on factors such as size, genetic content, and the level of the mosaicism. The presence of an sSMC causes partial tris- or tetrasomy, and 70% of the sSMC carriers are clinically normal, while 30% are abnormal in some way. In 70% of the cases the sSMC is de novo, in 20% it is inherited from the mother, and in 10% it is inherited from the father. An sSMC can be causative for specific syndromes such as Emanuel, Pallister-Killian, or cat eye syndromes. There may be more specific sSMC-related syndromes, which may be identified by further investigation. These 10 syndromes can be useful for genetic counseling after further study.
A Prospective Study of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis in Relation with Prostate Cancer in the SU.VI.MAX Trial

Several epidemiologic studies have examined with diverging results the relationships between circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) and prostate cancer risk. We assessed the association of prediagnostic plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 and subsequent occurrence of prostate cancer in a case-control study nested in the SU.VI. MAX trial. The SU.VI. MAX study was a primary prevention trial testing a daily supplementation with low-dose antioxidant vitamins and minerals in male and female middle-aged volunteers in France. One hundred prostate cancer cases were diagnosed among 4,855 SU.VI. MAX participants over a 9-year follow-up period. For each case, four age-matched controls were selected randomly. Frozen baseline plasma samples were used to measure IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the association between these four biochemical markers and prostate cancer risk. After controlling for the intervention group in the trial and the other IGF axis variables, the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) comparing the upper quartile to the baseline quartile were 1.83 (95% CI, 0.85-3.95), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.35-3.18), 0.79 (95% CI, 0.39-1.58), and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.12-1.52) for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3, respectively. More suggestive associations for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were observed with advanced and aggressive cancers. Our results are consistent with those of some previous prospective studies and suggest that IGF axis variables are not long-term predictors of the occurrence of prostate cancer.
Unified modeling of real-time control systems and their physical environments using UML

Modeling languages that are used to capture the essential properties of embedded real-time computer systems must also allow a description of the system's physical environment. The reason is that the environment is the ultimate source of all requirements on the system, and in particular, real-time constraints are derived from the dynamics of the physical objects under control. However, most modeling languages, including the object-oriented ones, are not well equipped to describe the continuous-time relationships that exist in the real world. This paper shows how the Unified Modeling Language can be extended to include such modeling, thereby improving the design of embedded systems described in the same language. A realistic case study is elaborated to show the practical usefulness of the results.
Foundations for Programming Languages by John C. Mitchell, MIT Press, 1996.

Part 1 Introduction: model programming languages lambda notation equations, reduction and semantics types and type systems notation and mathematical conventions set-theoretic background syntax and semantics induction. Part 2 The language PCF: syntax of PCF PCF programmes and their semantics PCF reduction and symbolic interpreters PCF programming examples, expressive power and limitations variations and extensions of PCF. Part 3 Universal algebra and algebraic data types: preview of algebraic specification algebras, signatures and terms equations, soundness and completeness homomorphisms and initiality algebraic data types rewrite systems. Part 4 Simply-typed lambda calculus: types terms proof systems Henkin models, soundness and completeness. Part 5 Models of typed lambda calculus: domain-theoretic models and fixed points fixed-point induction computational adequacy and full abstraction recursion-theoretic models partial equivalence relations and recursion. Part 6 Imperative programmes: while programmes operational semantics denotational semantics before-after assertions about while programmes semantics of additional programme constructs. Part 7 Categories and recursive types: Cartesian closed categories Kripke lambda models and functor categories domain models of recursive types. Part 8 Logical relations: introduction to logical relations logical relations over applicative structures proof-theoretic results partial surjections and specific models representation independence generalizations of logical relations. Part 9 Polymorphism and modularity: predicative polymorphic calculus impredicative polymorphism data abstraction and existential types general products, sums and programme modules. Part 10 subtyping and related concepts: simply typed lambda calculus with subtyping records, semantic models of subtyping recursive types and a record model of objects polymorphism with subtype constraints. Part 11 Type inference: introduction to type inference type inference for lambda xxx with type variables type inference with polymorphic declarations.
Arabic named entity recognition in crime documents

Named entity recognition (NER) systems aim to autom atically identify and classify the proper nouns in text. NER systems play a significant role in many a reas of Natural Language Processing (NLP) such as question answering systems, text summarization and information retrieval. Unlike previous Arabic NER systems which have been built to extract named enti ti s from general Arabic text, our task involves extracting named entities from crime documents. Ext racting named entities from crime text provides bas ic information for crime analysis. This paper presents a rule-based approach to Arabic NER system relevan t to the crime domain. Based on morphological informatio n, predefined crime and general indicator lists and Arabic named entity annotation corpus from crime do main, several syntactical rules and patterns of Ara bic NER are induced and then formalized. Then, these r ules and patterns are applied to identify and class ify named entities in Arabic crime text. The result sho ws that the accuracy of our system is 90%, and this result indicates that the method is effective and the perf ormance of the achieved system is satisfactory.
Analysis and generalization of Retinex by recasting the algorithm in wavelets

The Retinex algorithm, in its incarnation as McCann'99, presents an interesting mix of a locally connected iterative algorithm and a multiresolution analysis of the image. By recasting the algorithm, using wavelets, the behavior of the algorithm comes to light. This allows generalizations to be proposed, by changes in both the multiresolution structure and the iterative update structure.
Human MUS81-EME2 can cleave a variety of DNA structures including intact Holliday junction and nicked duplex

MUS81 shares a high-degree homology with the catalytic XPF subunit of the XPF–ERCC1 endonuclease complex. It is catalytically active only when complexed with the regulatory subunits Mms4 or Eme1 in budding and fission yeasts, respectively, and EME1 or EME2 in humans. Although Mus81 complexes are implicated in the resolution of recombination intermediates in vivo, recombinant yeast Mus81-Mms4 and human MUS81-EME1 isolated from Escherichia coli fail to cleave intact Holliday junctions (HJs) in vitro. In this study, we show that human recombinant MUS81-EME2 isolated from E. coli cleaves HJs relatively efficiently, compared to MUS81-EME1. Furthermore, MUS81-EME2 catalyzed cleavage of nicked and gapped duplex deoxyribonucleic acids (DNAs), generating double-strand breaks. The presence of a 5′ phosphate terminus at nicks and gaps rendered DNA significantly less susceptible to the cleavage by MUS81-EME2 than its absence, raising the possibility that this activity could play a role in channeling damaged DNA duplexes that are not readily repaired into the recombinational repair pathways. Significant differences in substrate specificity observed with unmodified forms of MUS81-EME1 and MUS81-EME2 suggest that they play related but non-overlapping roles in DNA transactions.
Titankorrosion und die Folgen: Argumente für Zirkon

616 Titanimplantate unterliegen einer mehr oder weniger ausgeprägten Tribokorrosion in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Oberflächenmodifikation und entlassen Metallpartikel in umgebende Gewebe. Die Partikeldissemination kann einerseits immunogene und andererseits toxische Reaktionen auslösen. Infolge von Makrophagenaktivierung kommt es zur Ausschüttung von proentzündlichen Zytokinen wie TNF-α und IL-1β. Biofilmadhäsion an der Implantatoberfläche verstärkt zudem die Korrosionsprozesse.
Nonparametric Inference for Extrinsic Means on Size-and-Shape Manifolds with Applications in Medical Imaging

For all p > 2, k > p, a reflection size-and-shape space SΣp,0 of k-ads in general position in R, invariant under translation, rotation and reflection, is shown to be a smooth manifold and is equivariantly embedded in a space of symmetric matrices, allowing a nonparametric statistical analysis based on extrinsic means.
Relationship between Glycopeptide Production and Resistance in the Actinomycete Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727

ABSTRACT Glycopeptides and β-lactams inhibit bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria; resistance to these antibiotics is studied intensively in enterococci and staphylococci because of their relevance to infectious disease. Much less is known about antibiotic resistance in glycopeptide-producing actinomycetes that are likely to represent the evolutionary source of resistance determinants found in bacterial pathogens. Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727, the producer of A40926 (the precursor for the semisynthetic dalbavancin), does not harbor the canonical vanHAX genes. Consequently, we investigated the role of the β-lactam-sensitive d,d-peptidase/d,d-carboxypeptidase encoded by vanYn, the only van-like gene found in the A40926 biosynthetic gene cluster, in conferring immunity to the antibiotic in Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727. Taking advantage of the tools developed recently to genetically manipulate this uncommon actinomycete, we varied vanYn gene dosage and expressed vanHatAatXat from the teicoplanin producer Actinoplanes teichomyceticus in Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727. Knocking out vanYn, complementing a vanYn mutant, or duplicating vanYn had no effect on growth but influenced antibiotic resistance and, in the cases of complementation and duplication, antibiotic production. Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727 was found to be resistant to penicillins, but its glycopeptide resistance was diminished in the presence of penicillin G, which inhibits VanYn activity. The heterologous expression of vanHatAatXat increased A40926 resistance in Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727 but did not increase antibiotic production, indicating that the level of antibiotic production is not directly determined by the level of resistance. The vanYn-based self-resistance in Nonomuraea sp. ATCC 39727 resembles the glycopeptide resistance mechanism described recently in mutants of Enterococcus faecium selected in vitro for high-level resistance to glycopeptides and penicillins.
Challenges and Advances in Nanotoxicology

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials examines the potential for engineered nanomaterials to negatively impact biological systems and highlights some advances in evaluating key areas of their hazard potential. Nanomaterial science is evolving rapidly with the generation of more complex nanostructures with exciting potential applications. Keeping modern toxicology abreast of this innovation to the point that it guides a safer nanotechnology presents an equally exciting and eminently worthwhile challenge. [. ].