Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular heterogeneity of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in canine intracardiac ganglia

Large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are widely expressed in the nervous system. We have recently shown that principal neurons from canine intracardiac ganglia (ICG) express a paxilline- and TEA-sensitive BK current, which increases neuronal excitability. In the present work, we further explore the molecular constituents of the BK current in canine ICG. We found that the β1 and β4 regulatory subunits are expressed in ICG. Single channel voltage-dependence at different calcium concentrations suggested that association of the BKα with a particular β subunit was not enough to explain the channel activity in this tissue. Indeed, we detected the presence of several splice variants of the BKα subunit. In conclusion, BK channels in canine ICG may result from the arrangement of different BKα splice variants, plus accessory β subunits. The particular combinations expressed in canine IC neurons likely rule the excitatory role of BK current in this tissue.
Confluency of Cooperative Constraint Solvers

This paper addresses a fundamental issue in the design of a cooperative constraint solver: connuency. A cooperative constraint solver works by repeatedly applying (non-deterministically) several specialized solvers (sub-solvers) until no change is possible. Thus it naturally raises the question of connuency: Does the output depend on the order in which the sub-solvers are applied? This paper gives some conditions on the sub-solvers that ensure the connuency of the cooperative solver (i.e. the output is unique).
Intra-articular hyaluronan injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study.

OBJECTIVE Hyaluronic acid (HA) polymers have been found to be useful as viscosupplements for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) in a number of clinical studies. It appears that HA with high molecular weights (HMW) are more effective than low molecular weight HA polymers. METHODS A single blind, initial randomized study was conducted involving two randomly selected patient groups, which received injections of either placebo or BioHy, a highly purified HMW HA produced by bacterial fermentation. HA was administered intra-articularly and several functional tests, including pain level, stiffness, and physical function, were used to score efficacy at various intervals throughout the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results through week 20 indicate that BioHy provides relief for osteoarthritic patients without causing adverse effects, although the study was not sufficiently powered to obtain statistically significant differences between the treatment groups.
Ab initio reconstruction of metabolic pathways

We propose a new formulation for the problem of ab initio metabolic pathway reconstruction. Given a set of biochemical reactions together with their substrates and products, we consider the reactions as transfers of atoms between the chemical compounds and we look for successions of reactions transferring a maximal (or preset) number of atoms between a given source and sink compound. We state this problem as the one of finding a composition of partial injections that maximizes the image size. First, we study the theoretical complexity of this problem, state some related problems and then give a practical algorithm to solve them. Finally, we present two applications of this approach to the reconstruction of the tryptophan biosynthesis pathway and to the glycolysis.
Rehearsal and storage of visual information.

before each test. Two modes of presentation were employed differing in whether exposure time within a series was constant (uniform rate) or variable (mixed rate). Noting the absence of mode-of-prese ntation effects, serial position effects, and sequential dependencies, Potter and Levy concluded that pictures are processed one by one for exactly the duration of presentation.
Evidence for selection against human lung cancers bearing p53 missense mutations which occur within the HLA A*0201 peptide consensus motif.

Short peptide fragments of intracellular proteins that fit a defined sequence motif bind to the most common human major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, HLA A*0201, and mediate killing by cytotoxic T-cells [D.F. Hunt et al., Science (Washington DC), 255: 1261-1263, 1992; K. Falk et al., Nature (Lond.), 351: 290-296, 1991]. The existence of such a motif allows prediction of whether novel peptides derived from mutant oncoporteins might be presented on the surface of cancer cells bearing that HLA allele. Clinical cancer might develop only when these mutations occur outside a major histocompatibility complex binding motif or in those cells that acquire defects in antigen presentation. Here, we find that missense mutations of p53 from a variety of tumors fall within the HLA A*0201 motif less often than would be expected if the location of mutations and motifs were independent. When we analyzed the HLA subtype of lung cancer cell lines with known p53 missense mutations, we found that all of the mutant oncopeptides predicted to be presentable by HLA A*0201 came from tumors that either did not carry the A*0201 allele or had lost that allele in the process of tumorigenesis. Presentation of mutant oncogene peptides on class I major histocompatibility complex might thus represent a physiologically significant selection pressure in the development of human cancer.
04 01 06 2 v 2 1 7 M ar 2 00 4 Is Quantum Mechanics An Island In Theoryspace ?

This recreational paper investigates what happens if we change quantum mechanics in several ways. The main results are as follows. First, if we replace the 2-norm by some other p-norm, then there are no nontrivial norm-preserving linear maps. Second, if we relax the demand that norm be preserved, we end up with a theory that allows rapid solution of PP-complete problems (as well as superluminal signalling). And third, if we restrict amplitudes to be real, we run into a difficulty much simpler than the usual one based on parameter-counting of mixed states.
Dissection of Pol II Trigger Loop Function and Pol II Activity–Dependent Control of Start Site Selection In Vivo

Structural and biochemical studies have revealed the importance of a conserved, mobile domain of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), the Trigger Loop (TL), in substrate selection and catalysis. The relative contributions of different residues within the TL to Pol II function and how Pol II activity defects correlate with gene expression alteration in vivo are unknown. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol II as a model, we uncover complex genetic relationships between mutated TL residues by combinatorial analysis of multiply substituted TL variants. We show that in vitro biochemical activity is highly predictive of in vivo transcription phenotypes, suggesting direct relationships between phenotypes and Pol II activity. Interestingly, while multiple TL residues function together to promote proper transcription, individual residues can be separated into distinct functional classes likely relevant to the TL mechanism. In vivo, Pol II activity defects disrupt regulation of the GTP-sensitive IMD2 gene, explaining sensitivities to GTP-production inhibitors, but contrasting with commonly cited models for this sensitivity in the literature. Our data provide support for an existing model whereby Pol II transcriptional activity provides a proxy for direct sensing of NTP levels in vivo leading to IMD2 activation. Finally, we connect Pol II activity to transcription start site selection in vivo, implicating the Pol II active site and transcription itself as a driver for start site scanning, contravening current models for this process.
Real-time fuzzy logic-based sport activity risk calculation model optimization

In real-time systems the evaluation structure complexity is a key factor, since it depends on the evaluation time whether the result is available in time. In this paper a modification of the conventional Mamdani-type inference system is introduced, which combines the advantages of the Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno systems. It is computationally cheaper than the original method, thus the response time is shorter, while the intuition can be built into the system. These characteristics make this system suitable to use in real-time risk calculation. This modified inference structure is used in the authors' sport activity risk calculation model. Due to this modification and the use of the HOSVD-based complexity reduction, it can be operated anytime manner to cope with the temporal conditions. In this way the evaluation time can be significantly reduced. The input membership functions are tuned in the system in a patient-specific way to obtain more reliable result. This tuning is performed before the real-time evaluation.
Is Hearing Loss in Infants Associated With Risk Factors? Evaluation of the Frequency of Risk Factors

Objectives To evaluate the frequency of risk factors and their influence on the evoked otoacoustic emission (OAE) of infants. Methods All newborns between November 2009 and June 2012 in Haydarpaşa Numune Education and Research Hospital were tested on distortion evoked OAE screening test. Total of 2,284 infants were examined. Sex, maternal infectious disease, birth type (vaginal birth or caesarean sectio), birth weight, familial hearing loss, intermarriage of parents, hyperbilirubinemia, intensive care were analyzed as risk factors. Results Total of 2,284 neonates were screened (1,220 males and 1,064 females) for the presence of OAE in both ears. Vaginal delivery, maternal infections during pregnancy, intermarriage of parents relative, low birth weight(<1,500 g) are related risk factors to failure of screening with OAE in our study. There was no statistically significant difference in sex ratios, birth weight, familial hearing loss, hyperbilirubinemia, and intensive care stay. Conclusion Risk factors are only as useful as their predictive power. Not enough is known about which risk factors are relevant, which babies have the risk factors, or which babies will fail to attend follow-up, the effectiveness of targeted hearing loss testing is questionable at this point in time. A system needs to be developed to clarify which risk factors are discoverable, predictive and useful.
Best Practices from Conflict Zone, Comfort Zone: Ethics, Pedagogy, and Effecting Change in Field-Based Courses

This poster session will present insights and best practices that emerge from our new book Conflict Zone, Comfort Zone: Ethics, Pedagogy, and Effecting Change in Field-Based Courses, which showcases new approaches to field-based learning in the most difficult of places: conflict zones in the United States and abroad. Increasingly, post-secondary education incorporates experiential learning options, such as service learning, study-abroad, and other field-based courses. Whether in domestic or international contexts, such courses engage students more directly in comparison to classroom-based learning, as they offer the opportunity to apply theory to practice in real-life settings. Instructors appreciate the educational value of experiential courses yet acknowledge that certain requirements for teaching in field settings—e.g., using innovative pedagogy and addressing ethical predicaments--pose challenges to even the most seasoned instructor. The chapters in this volume illustrate how the challenges of field-based classes are magnified in conflict and post-conflict contexts, where students can experience the complexity of conflict, and the dilemmas faced by those seeking to resolve it, in ways not possible in the classroom. A number of best practices emerge from the chapters. They pertain to preparing students and faculty prior to the field-based course, developing ethical research and practice skills before and during the course, and ensuring that the pedagogy generates deep, transformative learning. Other best practices address how to forge effective links between field-based courses and the overall curriculum and how to engage constructively and ethically with the communities and organizations with whom students and faculty partner during these experiences.
Are Current UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) Obesity Risk Guidelines Useful? Cross-Sectional Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Large, Representative English Population

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recently released obesity guidelines for health risk. For the first time in the UK, we estimate the utility of these guidelines by relating them to the established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Health Survey for England (HSE) 2006, a population-based cross-sectional study in England was used with a sample size of 7225 men and women aged ≥35 years (age range: 35–97 years). The following CVD risk factor outcomes were used: hypertension, diabetes, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein and Framingham risk score. Four NICE categories of obesity were created based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC): no risk (up to normal BMI and low/high WC); increased risk (normal BMI & very high WC, or obese & low WC); high risk (overweight & very high WC, or obese & high WC); and very high risk (obese I & very high WC or obese II/III with any levels of WC. Men and women in the very high risk category had the highest odds ratios (OR) of having unfavourable CVD risk factors compared to those in the no risk category. For example, the OR of having hypertension for those in the very high risk category of the NICE obesity groupings was 2.57 (95% confidence interval 2.06 to 3.21) in men, and 2.15 (1.75 to 2.64) in women. Moreover, a dose-response association between the adiposity groups and most of the CVD risk factors was observed except total cholesterol in men and low HDL in women. Similar results were apparent when the Framingham risk score was the outcome of interest. In conclusion, the current NICE definitions of obesity show utility for a range of CVD risk factors and CVD risk in both men and women.
A Multi-Objective Exploration Strategy for Mobile Robots

Exploration strategies are used to guide mobile robots in building maps of environments. Usually, exploration strategies work greedily by evaluating a number of candidate observation positions on the basis of a utility function and selecting the best one. The utility functions are defined in an ad hoc manner as the compositionof values measuring different features of a candidate observation position, such as the travelling cost and the estimated information gain. In this paper, we propose a more general way to define an exploration strategy through multi-objective optimization. In our approach, the values of the features are kept separated without combining them in a particular utility function. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Differences in Blacks and Whites With Essential Hypertension: Biochemistry and Endocrine State of the Art Lecture

Overall, there is agreement that the origins of hypertension have a genetic basis. The genetic factors interact with environmental factors that influence expression and intensity of the disorder. As summarized in Table 1, there is evidence from the literature to identify pathways for the development of hypertension in blacks. Organ pathology, characteristic of the clinical phenotypic hypertension, consists of increased peripheral vascular resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy, and, particularly in blacks, nephrosclerosis. In this scheme, an intermediate phenotype is a biochemical or endocrine marker of gene expression that participates in the regulation of blood pressure. Intermediate phenotypic characteristics of essential hypertension include sodium sensitivity, adrenergic activity, cation transport, and endocrine function including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, kallikrein-kinin, and prostaglandin. Another intermediate phenotype to be included in this discussion is insulin resistance. These intermediate phenotypes of cell and subcellular function are regulated by candidate genes. Alternatively, an intermediate phenotype can be expressed in response to another intermediate phenotype. For example, sodium sensitivity could be mediated by the cation transport mechanism of Na,K-ATPase, or insulin resistance could be induced by an elevated level of adrenergic activity. Gene expression of the intermediate phenotype is also modulated by environmental factors such as dietary sodium, potassium, or calcium, and social stresses or patterns of physical activity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Implementation Issues in Voltage Zero Sequence-Based Encoderless Techniques

Recent articles demonstrate that sensorless drives for induction motors can operate at zero-electrical and mechanical frequencies with the aid of high-frequency signal injection techniques and processing the zero-sequence voltage signals. The paper presents some practical implementation issues affecting the performance of such a technique and shows how to improve the quality of the estimated angle. All the assessments are experimentally proved and have a general value that can be extended to other sensorless techniques injecting high-frequency signal.
Cognitive impairment in probable multiple sclerosis

Objectives: To evaluate and characterise cognitive impairment in the very early stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), in which patients are still diagnosed as suffering from probable MS. Methods: The Brief Repeatable Battery-Neuropsychological (BRB-N) that has been validated for MS patients was used. Abnormal performance was defined as one standard deviation below the mean reported for healthy age matched subjects. Neurological disability and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for all patients. Correlation coefficients were calculated between disease burden variables and performance on the BRB-N. Results: Sixty seven patients with probable MS were evaluated within a mean of one month of the onset of new neurological symptoms. Evidence for the presence of cognitive impairment was shown in 53.7% of patients. Verbal abilities and attention span were most frequently affected. Impairment was not correlated with neurological disability or MRI disease burden. Conclusion: Prevalent cognitive impairment already exists at onset of MS.
Human Computer Interaction Using Marker Based Hand Gesture Recognition

Human Computer Interaction (HCI) has been redefined in this era. People want to interact with their devices in such a way that has physical significance in the real world, in other words, they want ergonomic input devices. In this paper, we propose a new method of interaction with computing devices having a consumer grade camera, that uses two colored markers (red and green) worn on tips of the fingers to generate desired hand gestures, and for marker detection and tracking we used template matching with kalman filter. We have implemented all the usual system commands, i.e., cursor movement, right click, left click, double click, going forward and backward, zoom in and out through different hand gestures. Our system can easily recognize these gestures and give corresponding system commands. Our system is suitable for both desktop devices and devices where touch screen is not feasible like large screens or projected screens.
Notification mechanism in robots-resources system

For low cost robots with poor ability, seeking help from surrounding recourses is a promising way to empower them. However, the highly dynamic character of the robots-resources system has a severe impact on robot's performance in utilizing the resources. Therefore, a universal mechanism to have various dynamic elements detected inline and have robot informed in time is needed in this system. In this paper, different kinds of notification mechanisms are analyzed in detail, along with introduction of available technologies. Among them, the standard WS-Notification specification is complied to build a notification mechanism as an attempt, and is tested to be feasible and effective through an example.
Pippi Longstocking calculus for temporal stimuli pattern on YouTube QoE: 1+1=3 and 1·4≠4·1

Video streaming over wireless broadband is currently accounting for half of the world-wide mobile data traffic, and its share is expected to increase even further. As a consequence, mobile operators need to understand how Quality of Experience (QoE) of mobile streamed video is impacted by the network delivery. With the HTTP-based video streaming used by video portals like YouTube or NetFlix, problems or insufficient resources in the networks manifest as stalling events during service consumption on the end user device. In this paper, we discuss the challenges for QoE monitoring of HTTP-based mobile video regarding three aspects. First, the QoE impact of different patterns in terms of stalling event frequency and length is quantified based on a study conducted for YouTube video. Second, we evaluate the prediction power of aggregated measures like the total stalling time. Third, we discuss the resulting consequences and remaining challenges for mobile video QoE modeling, monitoring and provisioning.
G72/G30 Genes and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Meta-analysis of Association Studies

Schizophrenia may result from a neurotransmission hypofunction of glutamatergic and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Linkage disequilibrium mapping has identified several promising and novel positional candidates, including the G72/G30 and d-amino-acid oxidase (DAAO) genes. Since the first positive association report, many subsequent studies have attempted to replicate the association but the results have been mixed. To try to resolve this inconsistency and to elucidate the relationship between the important glutamate-related genes and schizophrenia, the current meta-analysis has combined samples involving 16 polymorphisms covering all published case-control and family-based association studies up to October 2005. The results suggest that there is weak evidence of association between the G72/G30 genes and schizophrenia.
Real time cyber attack analysis on Hadoop ecosystem using machine learning algorithms

Big Data technologies are exciting cutting-edge technologies that generate, collect, store and analyse tremendous amount of data. Like any other IT revolution, Big Data technologies also have big challenges that are obstructing it to be adopted by wider community or perhaps impeding to extract value from Big Data with pace and accuracy it is promising. In this paper we first offer an alternative view of "Big Data Cloud" with the main aim to make this complex technology easy to understand for new researchers and identify gaps efficiently. In our lab experiment, we have successfully implemented cyber-attacks on Apache Hadoop's management interface "Ambari". On our thought about "attackers only need one way in", we have attacked the Apache Hadoop's management interface, successfully turned down all communication between Ambari and Hadoop's ecosystem and collected performance data from Ambari Virtual Machine (VM) and Big Data Cloud hypervisor. We have also detected these cyber-attacks with 94.0187% accurateness using modern machine learning algorithms. From the existing researchs, no one has ever attempted similar experimentation in detection of cyber-attacks on Hadoop using performance data.
Interactive annotation on mobile phones for real and virtual space registration

Registration of real space and virtual information is a fundamental requirement for any augmented reality system. This paper presents an interactive method to quickly create a 3D room model and annotate locations within the room to provide registration anchors for virtual information. The method operates on a mobile phone and uses a visual rotation tracker to obtain orientation tracking for in-situ applications. The simple interaction allows non-expert users to create models of their environment and thus contribute marked-up representations to an online AR platform.