Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remark on “Algorithm 506: HQR3 and EXCHNG: Fortran Subroutines for Calculating and Ordering the Eigenvalues of a Real Upper Hessenberg Matrix”

An uncorrected version of HQR3 will yield a division by zero in line HQR 1060 of [2] as a result of the test in (1). In checking for a zero subdiagonal element, the criterion is the sum of the magnitudes of the two diagonals. As the example shows, when both diagonals are zero, the . LT. test fails for an exactly zero subdiagonal element. Without correction (2), when exchanging two upper real roots with a lower 2 × 2 block, only the bottom root is tested and exchanged, leaving the possibility of misordering of the top root. The example above also demonstrates this problem. Without correction (3), the program would give the wrong diagonals in an unusual case where part of a matrix was being triangularized and the routine failed to converge. Correction (4) is necessary when the superdiagonal element is zero between two real roots, leaving the possibility that the maximum of (P,Q) is P ffi 0 for Q negative. (If (P,Q) are both zero, no exchange is required and the program properly returns. )
Words-of-interest selection based on temporal motion coherence for video retrieval

The "Bag of Visual Words" (BoW) framework has been widely used in query-by-example video retrieval to model the visual content by a set of quantized local feature descriptors. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to enhance BoW by the selection of Word-of-Interest (WoI) that utilizes the quantified temporal motion coherence of the visual words between the adjacent frames in the query example. Experiments carried out using TRECVID datasets show that our technique improves the retrieval performance of the classical BoW-based approach.
Reliability Analysis of 0 . 5 μ m CMOS Operational Amplifiers under TID Effects

Analog integrated circuits operating in radiation environments. In previous irradiation experiments performed on a switched-capacitor filter, implemented in a programmable analog array, it was observed a sudden recovery of the device performance during the irradiation, while increasing the accumulated dose. In some cases the considered performance parameters (such as the total harmonic distortion) may even be enhanced if compared to the pre-irradiation measurements, in specific accumulated dose intervals. This behavior is associated to partial inactivity windows in the internal components of the device. Spice simulations considering two complementary architectures of a simple CMOS Operational Amplifier (OpAmp) are performed, aiming to understand the origins of this effect. Results indicate that shifts on the operating point of the amplifier building blocks are responsible for the degradation and recovery of the OpAmp performance. Results also show that specific architectures, as well as, application constraints (such as the external feedback and the input signal amplitude and frequency) may result in different robustness levels related to the linear applications of the OpAmps in radiation environments.
Dynamic, Large-Scale Profiling of Transcription Factor Activity from Live Cells in 3D Culture

Background Extracellular activation of signal transduction pathways and their downstream target transcription factors (TFs) are critical regulators of cellular processes and tissue development. The intracellular signaling network is complex, and techniques that quantify the activities of numerous pathways and connect their activities to the resulting phenotype would identify the signals and mechanisms regulating tissue development. The ability to investigate tissue development should capture the dynamic pathway activity and requires an environment that supports cellular organization into structures that mimic in vivo phenotypes. Taken together, our objective was to develop cellular arrays for dynamic, large-scale quantification of TF activity as cells organized into spherical structures within 3D culture. Methodology/Principal Findings TF-specific and normalization reporter constructs were delivered in parallel to a cellular array containing a well-established breast cancer cell line cultured in Matrigel. Bioluminescence imaging provided a rapid, non-invasive, and sensitive method to quantify luciferase levels, and was applied repeatedly on each sample to monitor dynamic activity. Arrays measuring 28 TFs identified up to 19 active, with 13 factors changing significantly over time. Stimulation of cells with β-estradiol or activin A resulted in differential TF activity profiles evolving from initial stimulation of the ligand. Many TFs changed as expected based on previous reports, yet arrays were able to replicate these results in a single experiment. Additionally, arrays identified TFs that had not previously been linked with activin A. Conclusions/Significance This system provides a method for large-scale, non-invasive, and dynamic quantification of signaling pathway activity as cells organize into structures. The arrays may find utility for investigating mechanisms regulating normal and abnormal tissue growth, biomaterial design, or as a platform for screening therapeutics.
Development testing of mobile health interventions for cancer patient self-management: A review

As the vision of mobile health (mHealth) is beginning to be realized, rigorous intervention development protocols are needed in order to draw optimal efficacy and effectiveness to support patient-centered oncology care. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a review of published articles that describe the development process of mHealth interventions for patients’ cancer care self-management. The review search yielded 11 interventions, reported by 14 manuscripts. The following trends emerged: importance of stakeholder engagement during the development process, addressing the unique needs and experiences of cancer patients and care providers, ensuring user satisfaction with the system, and identifying perceived benefits and limitations of the system. This review provides practical suggestions for mHealth intervention development. Assessments of user perceptions should be both qualitative and quantitative, and researchers should follow an established framework when developing a randomized controlled trial employing mHealth.
A novel Continuously Adjustable Magnetic-valve Controllable Reactor and its modeling

This paper proposes a novel Continuously Adjustable Magnetic-valve Controllable Reactor (CAMCR), which can avoid the control “blind area” of conventional Magnetic-valve Controllable Reactor (MCR) and reduce the output harmonics of MCR. There are circular truncated cones in the iron cores of CAMCR. Each section of core saturates at different time and creates current harmonics in different phases, i.e. the harmonics are phase shifted each other and the total harmonics are reduced greatly. The mathematical model of magnetization curve and current harmonics distribution are deduced according to its geometry characteristics. The simulation results of magnetic circuit and electrocircuit are coincident with the theoretical analysis, which demonstrate that the mathematical model is correct. There is no any control “blind area” in CAMCR and the current harmonics content is lower than conventional MCR.
Formulary Forum: Intrathecal Ziconotide for Refractory Chronic Pain

Objective: TO describe the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of ziconotide for treatment of severe chronic pain in patients who are candidates for intrathecal therapy. Data Sources: A PubMed/MEDLINE search (1966–June 2006) was conducted using the terms ziconotide, Priait, and SNX-111. Manufacturer-provided data, the Food and Drug Administration medical review of ziconotide, and abstracts presented at American Pain Society meetings (2001–2006) were also reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Human studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of ziconotide for the treatment of chronic pain were considered. Animal data were excluded. Data Synthesis: Ziconotide is the first and only neuronal-type (N-type) calcium-channel blocker. Ziconotide must be administered intrathecally via continuous infusion. A programmable implanted variable-rate microinfusion device, or an external microinfusion device and catheter must be utilized. In double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, ziconotide significantly improved patient perception of pain from baseline to the end of the study periods, which ranged from 11 to 21 days. Patients enrolled in clinical trials were intolerant of or refractory to other treatment modalities. There have been no studies that directly compared ziconotide with other intrathecal or systemic analgesics. Key ziconotide-related adverse events are neuropsychiatrie, including depression, cognitive impairment, and hallucinations; depressed levels of consciousness; and elevation of creatine kinase levels. Ziconotide is also associated with a risk of meningitis due to possible contamination of the microinfusion device. Conclusions: Ziconotide is a therapeutic option for treatment of severe chronic pain in patients who have exhausted all other agents, including intrathecal morphine, and for whom the potential benefit outweighs the risks of serious neuropsychiatric adverse effects and of having an implanted device. Further studies are needed to determine the comparative efficacy of ziconotide and other pain therapies.
Transport of potassium at the blood—brain barrier

1. The pial surface of different regions of the central nervous system of the rabbit have been bathed with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.), containing different concentrations of potassium. The object has been to change the composition of the interstitial fluid with respect to this ion, where it is adjacent to subarachnoid c.s. f.
SHARP BOUNDS FOR THE SUM OF THE SQUARES OF THE DEGREES OF A GRAPH

Let G = (V, E) be a simple graph with n vertices, e edges, and vertex degrees d1, d2, . , dn. Let d1, dn be the highest and the lowest degree of vertices of G and mi be the average of the degrees of the vertices adjacent to vi ∈ V . We prove that n ∑ i=1 di = e [ 2e n− 1 + n− 2 ] if and only if G is a star graph or a complete graph or a complete graph with one isolated vertex. We establish the following upper bound for the sum of the squares of the degrees of a graph G: n ∑ i=1 di ≤ e [ 2e n− 1 + (n− 2) ] − d1 [ 4e n− 1 − 2m1 − (n + 1) (n− 1)1 + (n− 1) ] , with equality if and only if G is a star graph or a complete graph or a graph of isolated vertices. Moreover, we present several upper and lower bounds for ∑n i=1 d 2 i and determine the extremal graphs which achieve the bounds and apply the inequalities to obtain bounds on the total number of triangles in a graph and its complement.
On the utilization of spatial structures for cognitively plausible and efficient reasoning

The authors present an approach to representing and processing qualitative orientation information which is motivated by cognitive considerations about the knowledge acquisition process. The approach to qualitative spatial reasoning is based on directional orientation information as available through perceptual processes. qualitative orientations in two-dimensional space are given by the relation between a point and a vector. A basic iconic notation for spatial orientation relations which exploits the spatial structure of the domain is presented, and a variety of ways in which these relations can be manipulated and combined for spatial reasoning is explored. <<ETX>>
Boundaries and groupings: the structuring of speech in different communicative situations. A description of the GROG project

The goal of the project is to model the prosodic structuring of speech in terms of boundaries and groupings. The modeling will include different communicative situations and be based on existing as well as new speech corpora. Production and perception studies will be used in parallel with automatic methods developed for analysis, modeling and prediction of prosody. The model will be perceptually evaluated using synthetic speech.
Autoimmune Disease Classification by Inverse Association with SNP Alleles

With multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed across autoimmune diseases, there is a great opportunity to study the homogeneity of genetic architectures across autoimmune disease. Previous approaches have been limited in the scope of their analysis and have failed to properly incorporate the direction of allele-specific disease associations for SNPs. In this work, we refine the notion of a genetic variation profile for a given disease to capture strength of association with multiple SNPs in an allele-specific fashion. We apply this method to compare genetic variation profiles of six autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's disease (CD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D), as well as five non-autoimmune diseases. We quantify pair-wise relationships between these diseases and find two broad clusters of autoimmune disease where SNPs that make an individual susceptible to one class of autoimmune disease also protect from diseases in the other autoimmune class. We find that RA and AS form one such class, and MS and ATD another. We identify specific SNPs and genes with opposite risk profiles for these two classes. We furthermore explore individual SNPs that play an important role in defining similarities and differences between disease pairs. We present a novel, systematic, cross-platform approach to identify allele-specific relationships between disease pairs based on genetic variation as well as the individual SNPs which drive the relationships. While recognizing similarities between diseases might lead to identifying novel treatment options, detecting differences between diseases previously thought to be similar may point to key novel disease-specific genes and pathways.
Dynamics of Trade Specialization in Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

This paper examines the dynamics of trade specialization in the MENA region and countries for the period 2000 and 2010. An econometric model, Wald test, and the Spearman’s rank correlation are applied. By both, industry and country group classifications analysis, all countries in the MENA region have shown de-specialization with different speed, where Qatar has perfect of specialization and Tunisia has slowest one.
Granular Computing on Partitions, Coverings and Neighborhood Systems

Granular Computing on partitions (RST), coverings (GrCC) and neighborhood systems (LNS) are examined: 1. The order of generality is RST, GrCC, and then LNS 2. The quotient structure: In RST, it is called quotient set. In GrCC, it is a simplical complex, called the nerve of the covering in combinatorial topology. For LNS, the structure has no known description. 3. The approximation space of RST is a topological space generated by a partition, called a clopen space. For LNS, it is a generalized/pre topological space which is more general than topological space. For GrCC, there are two possibilities. One is a special case of LNS, which is the topological space generated by the covering. There is another topological space, the topology generated by the finite intersections of the members of a covering The first one treats covering as a base, the second one as a subbase. 4. Knowledge representations in RST are symbol-valued systems. In GrCC, they are expression-valued systems. In LNS, they are multivalued system; reported in 1998l 5. RST and GRCC representation theories are complete in the sense that granular models can be recaptured fully from the knowledge representations. keyword granular computing, neighborhood system, rough set, topology, simplicial complex
Detection performance of spread spectrum signatures for passive, chipless RFID

Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) RFID tags are passive, chipless tags that use discontinuities along a transmission line to create reflections. The discontinuities may be designed to produce a bipodal signal encoded with the unique identifier of the tag. When multiple tags are co-located and interrogated simultaneously, multiple access interference degrades the ability of the reader to detect the tags accurately. Reader detection can be improved by using spread spectrum signatures as the unique identifiers to limit interference. This work evaluates the ability of Gold codes and Kasami-Large codes to improve detection performance of a passive, chipless TDR RFID system. Simulations were conducted for varying numbers of simultaneously interrogated tags using synthetic tag responses constructed from the measured waveform of a prototype TDR tag. Results indicate that the Gold Code signature set outperforms the Kasami-Large Code signature set and a random, naïve set for simultaneous interrogation of less than 15 tags. For larger numbers of simultaneous tags, a random set performs nearly as well as the Kasami-Large Code set and provides more useful signatures.
The oldest sigmodontine rodent revisited and the age of the first South American cricetids

Abstract. New fossil material of Auliscomys formosus Reig 1978 allows restudy of the oldest known South American representative of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. Description of Auliscomys formosus was based on a fragmentary dentary exhumed from the Monte Hermoso Formation of central Argentina. Previous studies allocated A. formosus to the early Pliocene. A reevaluation of dental and cranial morphology, including for the first time the upper dentition, and the inclusion of A. formosus in a phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Phyllotini indicate that A. formosus represents a new genus, Kraglievichimys. Kraglievichimys shares a mosaic of characters with the living Auliscomys Osgood, 1915 and Loxodontomys Osgood, 1947. The taxonomic reassignment of A. formosus and the possibility that the Monte Hermoso Formation may be younger than early Pliocene in age provide a new understanding of cricetid diversification in South America. Estimates of sigmodontine ancestry by molecular approaches are biased toward older ages, whereas this new interpretation of the history of K. formosus suggests that the South American history of sigmodontines spans less than 4 million years.
Enriched Environment Attenuates Cell Genesis in Subventricular Zone After Focal Ischemia in Mice and Decreases Migration of Newborn Cells to the Striatum

Background and Purpose— Cells proliferate continuously in the adult mammalian brain, and in rodents, cell genesis is affected by housing conditions and brain injury. Increase in neurogenesis after brain ischemia has been postulated to be linked to functional recovery after stroke. Housing rodents in an enriched environment improves motor function after stroke injury. We have investigated whether changes in cell genesis can explain the beneficial effects of an enriched environment. Methods— Intact mice and mice subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery were exposed to an enriched environment for 1 month. Bromodeoxyuridine was injected daily to label proliferating cells during the first postischemic week. Newborn cells were analyzed immunohistochemically after 4 weeks. Results— The enriched environment increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in both intact and stroke-injured animals. An increased number of newborn cells was found in the subventricular zone of stroke-injured mice, but not in injured mice exposed to an enriched environment. Also, the number of newborn astrocytes (BrdU+/S-100β+ cells), neuroblasts (dcx+ cells), and reactive astrocytes (vimentin mRNA) in the striatum ipsilateral to the ischemic injury was markedly attenuated and new adult neurons (BrdU+/NeuN+) were not found. The enriched environment did not affect infarct size or mortality. Conclusions— An enriched environment after experimental stroke increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus, whereas there was a decreased cell genesis and migration of neuroblasts and newborn astrocytes in the striatum.
Electrodiffusion, Barrier, and Gating Analysis of DIDS-insensitive Chloride Conductance in Human Red Blood Cells Treated with Valinomycin or Gramicidin

Current-voltage curves for DIDS-insensitive Cl− conductance have been determined in human red blood cells from five donors. Currents were estimated from the rate of cell shrinkage using flow cytometry and differential laser light scattering. Membrane potentials were estimated from the extracellular pH of unbuffered suspensions using the proton ionophore FCCP. The width of the Gaussian distribution of cell volumes remained invariant during cell shrinkage, indicating a homogeneous Cl− conductance among the cells. After pretreatment for 30 min with DIDS, net effluxes of K+ and Cl− were induced by valinomycin and were measured in the continued presence of DIDS; inhibition was maximal at ∼65% above 1 μM DIDS at both 25°C and 37°C. The nonlinear current-voltage curves for DIDS-insensitive net Cl− effluxes, induced by valinomycin or gramicidin at varied [K+]o, were compared with predictions based on (1) the theory of electrodiffusion, (2) a single barrier model, (3) single occupancy, multiple barrier models, and (4) a voltage-gated mechanism. Electrodiffusion precisely describes the relationship between the measured transmembrane voltage and [K+]o. Under our experimental conditions (pH 7.5, 23°C, 1–3 μM valinomycin or 60 ng/ml gramicidin, 1.2% hematocrit), the constant field permeability ratio PK/PCl is 74 ± 9 with 10 μM DIDS, corresponding to 73% inhibition of PCl. Fitting the constant field current-voltage equation to the measured Cl− currents yields P Cl = 0.13 h−1 with DIDS, compared to 0.49 h−1 without DIDS, in good agreement with most previous studies. The inward rectifying DIDS-insensitive Cl− current, however, is inconsistent with electrodiffusion and with certain single-occupancy multiple barrier models. The data are well described either by a single barrier located near the center of the transmembrane electric field, or, alternatively, by a voltage-gated channel mechanism according to which the maximal conductance is 0.055 ± 0.005 S/g Hb, half the channels are open at −27 ± 2 mV, and the equivalent gating charge is −1.2 ± 0.3.
Semi-supervised Bio-named Entity Recognition with Word-Codebook Learning

We describe a novel semi-supervised method called WordCodebook Learning (WCL), and apply it to the task of bionamed entity recognition (bioNER). Typical bioNER systems can be seen as tasks of assigning labels to words in bioliterature text. To improve supervised tagging, WCL learns a class of word-level feature embeddings to capture word semantic meanings or word label patterns from a large unlabeled corpus. Words are then clustered according to their embedding vectors through a vector quantization step, where each word is assigned into one of the codewords in a codebook. Finally codewords are treated as new word attributes and are added for entity labeling. Two types of wordcodebook learning are proposed: (1) General WCL, where an unsupervised method uses contextual semantic similarity of words to learn accurate word representations; (2) Task-oriented WCL, where for every word a semi-supervised method learns target-class label patterns from unlabeled data using supervised signals from trained bioNER model. Without the need for complex linguistic features, we demonstrate utility of WCL on the BioCreativeII gene name recognition competition data, where WCL yields state-of-the-art performance and shows great improvements over supervised baselines and semi-supervised counter peers.