Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proposal of Antenna Selection Method for Terminal Antenna with Orthogonal Polarizations and Patterns for Outdoor Multiuser MIMO System

Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) technology, which employs several antennas, enhances wireless data transmission even with a limited bandwidth [1]. Considering a multiuser environment, the spatial multiplexing of several users, which is called multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO), is more effective in enhancing the total data transmission ratio than single user MIMO [2]. Various types of MIMO antennas have been studied and, in particular, small MIMO antennas and their downsizing techniques have been investigated for application to portable terminals [3]. Combining antennas that employ orthogonal polarizations and patterns is an important means to configure MIMO antennas into a compact configuration since this method provides a low level of antenna coupling even with a narrow antenna spacing [4]. The authors proposed a six-port compact MIMO antenna, and this antenna can be actualized within the size of a PC card by means of combining the antennas with orthogonal polarizations and patterns [5]. It was shown that the MIMO performance of the antenna is almost the same as that for three orthogonal dipoles, in which the size reduction of the dipole elements is not considered. On the other hand, the number of transmitters or receivers in mobile terminals is restricted in terms of battery power and hardware complexity. The antenna selection in MIMO systems is effective in extending the channel capacity without increasing the number of transmitters or receivers [6]. The use of both the combination of the orthogonal antennas and antenna selection is the key toward achieving a compact MIMO terminal with high data transmission performance even when the power consumption and size of the terminal are limited. The polarization selection method for Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) was investigated and verified under outdoor environment conditions [7], however, the size restrictions and coupling effect of the small antennas must be taken into account. We need to extend this consideration to multi-antenna cooperative systems with practical small antenna configurations in order to consider the MU-MIMO performance. In this report, we propose an antenna selection method suitable for MU-MIMO terminals with orthogonal polarization and patterns. Two of three orthogonal antennas are selected based on only the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information. From the results of the measured channel properties in an urban microcell environment, the multiaccess channel (MAC) capacity is estimated and shown under the proposed antenna selection conditions, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is discussed.
Enhanced Hierarchical Clustering for Genome Databases

Clustering techniques find interesting and previously unknown patterns in large scale data embedded in a large multi dimensional space and are applied to a wide variety of problems like customer segmentation, Biology, data mining techniques, machine Learning and geographical information systems. Clustering algorithms are used efficiently to scale up with the dimensionality of the data sets and the data base size. Hierarchical clustering methods in particular are widely used to find patterns in multi dimensional data. In this paper, we design an enhanced hierarchical clustering algorithm which scans the dataset and calculates distance matrix only once. Our main contribution is to reduce time, even when a l arge database is analyzed. Also, the results of hierarchical clustering are represented as a b inary tree which gives clarity in grouping and further helps to find clustered objects easily. Our algorithm is able to retrieve number of clusters with the help of cut distance and measures the quality with validation index in order to obtain the best one; does not require initial parameter like number of clusters.
Facial Expression in Primates With Remarks On a Parallel Development in Certain Carnivores (a Preliminary Report On Work in Progress)

In this report of an unfinished study of the evolution of facial expressions the author draws a brief comparison between the most important facial muscles of various primates and of two carnivores, the suricate and the dog. Before discussing the expressions, definitions of the various elementary emotions are given and the criteria from which the author judges the emotional condition of the animals. The main conclusions reached from the observations are:- 1. Certain basic rules govern the facial expressions of the animals studied. 2. Joy and happiness are expressed by a general lifting of the face and a tightening of the upper lip. The expression originates from preparation for a play-bite. The posture has become completely ritualised in man. 3. Unhappiness expresses itself by a lowering of the face. In horror there is a general tension of the facial muscles and the mouth tends to open while the animal screams. In sadness the animal tends to become less active. 4. Anger is recognisable from a tightening of the facial muscles, particularly those around the mouth in preparation for a hard bite. 5. Threat varies in expression but it contains components of anger and fear. 6. Love and affection find expression through such actions as lipsmacking, love-biting, sucking and kissing. The oral caressing has its origin in the juvenile sucking for comfort. 7. Concentration is not an emotion but it usually shows itself by a tension of the facial muscles. 8. There is a similarity between the two carnivores under discussion and some of the primates. A common pattern of the facial muscles of the suricate and the lemur indicate a common ancestry and brings the two animals to the same level in their ability to express their emotions. The dog, although very different from the monkey in its facial musculature nevertheless resembles it in its mode of expression. This feature seems related to similarities in their biology which have been facilitated by the development of a bifocal vision.
"Modernising company law": the government's white paper

The call to reform and modernise continues to be a popular refrain of the Labour Government. It has encompassed public institutions, the political process and legal system. It may surprise some to learn that it has reached company law, a subject that has, as George (now Lord) Robertson once observed in the course of parliamentary debate, "the ability to empty the Chamber quicker than any other subject''. l The Government's recent focus on company law began in 1998 when the (then) Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, the Rt. Hon. Margaret Beckett MP launched Modern Company Law for a Competitive Economy2: the first in a series of lengthy and detailed consultation documents concerned with the reform of core company law.3 That process of review conducted by an independent Steering Group was more or less completed in 2001 with the publication of the Group's Final Report.4 In July 2002, the Government offered the first part of its response in the form of the White Paper Modernising Company Law,5 endorsing the ethos of the Final Report and accepting many, but not all, of its recommendations. This article introduces the White Paper with a specific objective in mind: to determine the role and purpose ascribed to company law. At first glance this task may appear unduly narrow. This impression is short-sighted because it overlooks the fact that by considering the Government's view of company law, it is possible to understand its attitude towards corporate activity. Indeed, it enables us to answer this question: how does the Government perceive its role in regulating companies, their directors, shareholders and those affected by corporate activity? Before exploring this question, some background detail is required. This will
Attitudes of Social Service Providers towards the Sexuality of Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Background The sexual lives of people with intellectual disability is made complex by the involvement and influence of social service providers, whose beliefs and values have a great impact on the support they provide. We hypothesized that social service providers’ role, educational level and service in which they worked could affect attitudes towards the sexual behaviour of individuals with intellectual disability. Materials and methods The current study describes attitudes of social service providers towards the sexuality of individuals with disability measured by 20 items of Sexuality and Mental Retardation Attitudes Inventory (SMRAI). This instrument was devised by Brantlinger [Mental Retardation (1983) Vol. 21, pp. 17–22] to assess the attitudes of the staff employed by organizations that supplied services to individuals with intellectual disability. Specifically, analysis of variance (type of service × professional role × education) was performed on participants’ scores. Results Results suggested that the social service providers participating in this research study tended to have moderately liberal attitudes. Educational level and role carried out did not produce differences in their attitudes. A significant difference emerged between those who operated in different services. It was especially the staff of the outpatient treatment services who revealed the most liberal and positive attitudes towards the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disability. Conclusions The data reported in the present study seem to underline some differences between the data collected from the Italian and the Anglo-Saxon social service providers. Failure to record influences associated with the role carried out and previous training could be related to the different contextual differences. Results suggest that particular attention should be paid to the training of those who hold managerial posts in Italian residential services.
On the neglected side of linguistic science: multivariate studies of sentence judgment

In this paper we report the results of three studies which investigate the role of stimulus and organismic factors in sentence judgments. This research grows out of our concern with the empirical basis of linguistics, with the kinds of data which are (or should be) used to test linguistic hypotheses in attempts to falsify theories (grammars). Subjects in the three studies were 106 persons with various degrees of linguistic sophistication, each of whom completed one of three tasks involving judgments of sentences. Among other things we found four factors underlying sentence judgments, one of which was a GrammaticalityAcceptability factor. We isolated a type of person which we labelled 'Naive Grammarian'. 'Naive Grammarians' discriminate between Theoretical or Foreign Errors on the one hand and Grammatical sentences or strings exhibiting particular Native Errors on the other. Linguistic training apparently influences judgments of sentences. These and other results are discussed in terms of 'mere exposure' and processing difficulty, and implications for linguistic theory are sketched. If 'Naive Grammarians' are quite homogeneous in their judgments of sentence grammaticality, and if their judgments differ from those of linguists, whose judgments do we use to test linguistic hypotheses? We suggest that the judgments of linguists are not necessarily preferable. In f a c t , linguists' judgments may be artifactual to some extent, warped by their strong theories.
Dynamic Agent-Based Model of Hand-Preference Behavior Patterns in the Mouse

Using a new agent-based model that mimics the learning process in hand-reaching behavior of individual mice, we show that mouse hand preference is probabilistic, dependent on the environment and prior learning. We quantify the learning capabilities of three inbred strains and show that population distributions of hand preference emerge from the properties of individual mice. The model informs our understanding of gene—environment interactions because it accommodates genotypic differences in learning and memory abilities, and environmental biases. We tuned each strain’s model to match their experimental hand-preference distributions in unbiased worlds and, by comparing simulations and experiments, identified and quantified a constitutive left-bias in hand preference of one strain. The models, tuned for unbiased worlds, match experimental measures in left- and right-biased worlds and in biased worlds after previous training. New measures quantitatively assess this matching, revealing that two strains, previously considered non-learners of hand preference, actually have significant learning ability and we confirm this with new experiments. Model mice match the kinetics of hand-preference learning of one strain and predict the limits of learning. We conclude that genetically evolved hand-preference behavior in mice is inherently probabilistic to provide robustness and allow constant adaptability to ever-changing environments.
Photoswitching of the dielectric constant of the spin-crossover complex [Fe(L)(CN)2]H2O.

The interest in bistable molecular materials for information processing has been discussed by several authors.Iron(ii) spin-crossover (SCO) compounds are particularly promising in this respect, because the conversion between the highspin (HS) (S=2) and low-spin (LS) (S=0) states can be triggered not only by temperature, pressure,and pulsed magnetic fields,but also by irradiation with light.This latter phenomenon—usually called light-induced excitedspin- state trapping (LIESST)—was discovered by Decurtins et al.,who observed a light-induced LS! HS transition involving quantitative trapping of the molecules in the excited HS state at low temperatures (typically below 50 K). Our recent investigations demonstrated that it was feasible to trigger SCOby light even at room temperature by using a nanosecond laser pulse,and potential applications of SCO compounds as active elements in optical devices were also discussed.
What do we mean by lifelong learning and knowledge?

This article discusses how central words in education were transformed into a technocratic and economic language during the 1980s, and how the concepts of lifelong learning and knowledge are laden with other content. This means that they lose their humanistic and democratic content, and become wares to buy and sell at the market. The main answer to this international development is some kind of conservative humanism. This paper attempts to redefine concepts of lifelong learning and knowledge with a humanistic and democratic sense, of a new kind in a new situation. The opportunity is to widen our understanding of what we mean by knowledge, education and learning. For this work, the resources brought from history can be used and be transformed to a new form. This has to be done in multiple ways from different perspectives, depending on what aims we have and what values we believe in.
Recollection of identity: The reassembly of the migrant

In this paper I focus on how reflection on life as a white immigrant in Africa suggests an understanding of how the identity of a white immigrant in Australia may be reassembled. I draw on notions of colonialism and utilise postcolonialism as an inversion of colonialism. In this context, I briefly discuss the history of colonisation in Southern Rhodesia in the early twentieth century. By drawing on personal family history and examining the positioning of 'foreign' immigrants in British colonial society — and extrapolating this experience to the positioning of white, English speaking immigrants in Western Australia — I am better able to embrace the immigration experience, both currently and historically. In this way, reflections and memories of other times and other places reveal intersections with the twisting threads of 'new' life and 'new' identity in Australia. I begin by addressing (in an intimate, autobiographical way) white immigration to the British colony of Rhodesia in the early twentieth century. When I was discussing the historical aspect of this paper with a colleague, she questioned the necessity of introducing and reviewing the historical sphere in Rhodesia when my hypothesis here concerns the reassembly of identity and experience of immigrant women in Western Australia. My explanation to her (and to myself) is that it is necessary because there has to be a beginning, and Perth — or even Harare — airport is not that beginning, just as when my grandparents left Eastern Europe to go to Africa, that was not the beginning. By positioning myself (and this thesis) historically and currently, I celebrate time as a presence and a prescience that ebbs and flows, circles and spirals. Viewing time as fluid, the similarities and differences between migrant identity in colonial Rhodesia and migrant identity in postcolonial Western Australia can be shown in an intimate and transparent manner. By looking at the minutiae of experiences, issues arise for exploration that otherwise may not have been accessible.
Evaluation and development of potentially better practices for improving family-centered care in neonatal intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE Technological and scientific advances have progressively decreased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Less attention has been given to meeting the psychosocial needs of the infant and family than on meeting the infant's physical needs. Parents' participation in making decisions and caring for their child has often been limited. Environments designed for efficient technological care may not be optimal for nurturing the growth and development of sick neonates or their families. Eleven centers collaborating on quality improvement tried to make the care of families better by focusing on understanding and improving family-centered care. METHODS Through internal process analysis, review of the evidence, collaborative learning, and benchmarking site visits to centers of excellence in family-centered care, a list of potentially better practices was developed. Choice of which practices to implement and methods of implementation were center specific. Improvement goals were in 3 areas: parent-reported outcomes, staff beliefs and practices, and clinical outcomes in length of stay and feeding practices. Measurement tools for the first 2 areas were developed and pilots were conducted. RESULTS Length of stay and feeding outcomes were not different before the collaboration (1998) and at the formal end of the collaboration (2000). CONCLUSIONS Prospective parent-reported outcomes are being collected, and the staff beliefs and practices questionnaire will be repeated in all centers to determine the impact of the project in those areas.
Quantification of alkylresorcinol metabolites in urine by HPLC with coulometric electrode array detection.

BACKGROUND Whole-grain rye and wheat cereals contain high amounts of alkylresorcinols (ARs), phenolic lipids. ARs can be quantified in plasma. Two recently identified urinary AR metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxyphenylbenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA), may be useful as biomarkers of intake of whole-grain rye and wheat. METHODS We evaluated 4 pretreatment protocols for quantifying urinary DHBA and DHPPA using HPLC coupled with a coulometric electrode array detector. Syringic acid was used as the internal calibrator. RESULTS Measured urinary concentrations of DHBA and DHPPA were 0.8-115 micromol/L. The mean recoveries of all added concentrations were 85%-104% for DHBA and 86%-99% for DHPPA, depending on the degree of the purification. The protocol versions with less purification correlated well with the protocol including highest purification. The correlation coefficients (r(2)) were 0.9699-0.8153 for DHBA and 0.9854-0.8371 for DHPPA. CONCLUSION Although the protocol with the most purification steps was most specific, all protocols were suitable for measuring DHBA and DHPPA in urine. The rapid protocol with simple hydrolysis could be used in large-scale clinical studies. Additional investigation is needed to clarify whether these metabolites are useful biomarkers of whole-grain intake and helpful in the exploration of its association with human diseases.
Gene Selection for Cancer Classification using Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test and Support Vector Machine

Gene selection is an important problem in microarray data processing. A new gene selection method based on Wilcoxon rank sum test and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this paper. First, Wilcoxon rank sum test is used to select a subset. Then each selected gene is trained and tested using SVM classifier with linear kernel separately, and genes with high testing accuracy rates are chosen to form the final reduced gene subset. Leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) classification results on two datasets: breast cancer and ALL/AML leukemia, demonstrate the proposed method can get 100% success rate with final reduced subset. The selected genes are listed and their expression levels are sketched, which show that the selected genes can make clear separation between two classes
Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects

Domestication has resulted in selection upon seed traits found in wild populations, yet crop‐wild hybrids retain some aspects of both parental phenotypes. Seed fates of germination, dormancy, and mortality can influence the success of crop allele introgression in crop‐wild hybrid zones, especially if crop alleles or crop‐imparted seed coverings result in out‐of‐season germination. We performed a seed burial experiment using crop, wild, and diverse hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cross types to test how a cross type's maternal parent and nuclear genetic composition might affect its fate under field conditions. We observed higher maladaptive fall germination in the crop‐ and F1‐ produced seeds than wild‐produced seeds and, due to an interaction with percent crop alleles, fall germination was higher for cross types with more crop‐like nuclear genetics. By spring, crop‐produced cross types had the highest overwintering mortality, primarily due to higher fall germination. Early spring germination was identical across maternal types, but germination continued for F1‐produced seeds. In conclusion, the more wild‐like the maternal parent or the less proportion of the cross type's genome contributed by the crop, the greater likelihood a seed will remain ungerminated than die. Wild‐like dormancy may facilitate introgression through future recruitment from the soil seed bank.
Static and dynamic properties of a viscous silica melt

We present the results of a large scale molecular dynamics computer simulation in which we investigated the static and dynamic properties of a silica melt in the temperature range in which the viscosity of the system changes from O(10 −2 ) Poise to O(10 2 ) Poise. We show that even at temperatures as high as 4000 K the structure of this system is very similar to the random tetrahedral network found in silica at lower temperatures. The temperature dependence of the concentration of the defects in this network shows an Arrhenius law. From the partial structure factors we calculate the neutron scattering function and find that it agrees very well with experimental neutron scattering data. At low temperatures the temperature dependence of the diffusion constants D shows an Arrhenius law with activation energies which are in very good agreement with the experimental values. With increasing temperature we find that this dependence shows a cross-over to one which can be described well by a power-law, D ∝ (T − Tc). The critical temperature Tc is 3330 K and the exponent is close to 2.1. Since we find a similar cross-over in the viscosity we have evidence that the relaxation dynamics of the system changes from a flow-like motion of the particles, as described by the ideal version of mode-coupling theory, to a hopping like motion. We show that such a change of the transport mechanism is also observed in the product of the diffusion constant and the life time of a Si-O bond, or the space and time dependence of the van Hove correlation functions.