Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-Cost Reliable Blackout Sustainability of Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy Harvesting Systems

Wireless sensor network (WSN) motes are typically small and networked embedded systems. They are of limited computational power and suffer severe resource constraints - especially energy is scarce. With the advent of energy harvesting system (EHS) technology new opportunities open up for long-lived WSNs. Several prototypes of EHS-enhanced WSN platforms have recently been designed in a low-power and energy-efficient way. However, while the field starts to mature there are still a few lessons to be learned for building low-cost and robust systems. While the term low-cost may easily be defined by means of calculating what hardware and maintenance cost per end-user performance for a given business model, it is more complicated to define what is meant by the term robust. For perpetual systems one has to find a formal way of validating whether a system implementation - including all low power hardware and networking approaches - can sustain a given quality of service despite harsh environmental conditions or faulty operation. For the presented case study with the RiverMote hardware platform, we model its black-out sustainability (BOS). We can validate that with its robust low-power design and BOS of more than three weeks can be achieved. Perpetual operation with error detection, fall-back mechanisms, error reporting and self-healing of the system is possible. The system relies on more easy-to-validate system-level mechanisms than other approaches that concentrate on energy harvesting device pattern prediction and therefore have to assume robust forecasting of environmental conditions.
Reduction of open membrane moduli

We performa general reduction of the open membrane metric in a worldvolume direction of the M5-brane. Using reduction rules analogous to the bulk, we show that the open membrane metric leads to the standard open string metric and open string coupling constant on the D4-brane only for an \electric" reduction in which case the open membrane metric has no ofi-diagonal components and the Born-Infeld curvature tensor is a matrix of rank 2. Instead, if we perform a general reduction, with nonzero ofi-diagonal components of the open membrane metric, we obtain a rank 4 Born-Infeld tensor corresponding to a bound state of an open string with an open D2-brane. Next, we identify and reduce a 3-form open membrane \theta tensor" on the M5-brane which reduces to the open string noncommutativity tensor on the D4-brane provided we constrain ourselves to an \electric" or a \magnetic" reduction.
Seismic anisotropy in exploration and reservoir characterization: An overview

Recent advances in parameter estimation and seismic processing have allowed incorporation of anisotropic models into a wide range of seismic methods. In particular, vertical and tilted transverse isotropy are currently treated as an integral part of velocity fields employed in prestack depth migration algorithms, especially those based on the wave equation. We briefly review the state of the art in modeling, processing, and inversion of seismic data for anisotropic media. Topics include optimal parameterization, body-wave modeling methods, P-wave velocity analysis and imaging, processing in the τ-p domain, anisotropy estimation from vertical-seismic-profiling (VSP) surveys, moveout inversion of wide-azimuth data, amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) analysis, processing and applications of shear and mode-converted waves, and fracture characterization. When outlining future trends in anisotropy studies, we emphasize that continued progress in data-acquisition technology is likely to spur transition from t.
Exceptional Data Quality using Intelligent Matching and Retrieval

Recent advances in enterprise web-based software have created a need for sophisticated yet user-friendly data quality solutions. A new category of data quality solutions are discussed that fill this need using intelligent matching and retrieval algorithms. Solutions are focused on customer and sales data and include real-time inexact search, batch processing, and data migration. Users are empowered to maintain higher quality data resulting in more efficient sales and marketing operations. Sales managers spend more time with customers and less time managing data.
Perioperative Complications of Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy

Study Design Retrospective case series. Objective To describe the perioperative complications (0 to 90 days) associated with pedicle subtraction osteotomies (PSOs) performed at a tertiary spine center by two experienced spine surgeons who recently adopted the technique. Methods We reviewed all 65 patients (47 women and 18 men; mean age 60 years, range 24 to 80) who underwent a PSO at our institution. Descriptive data and analysis of complications were limited to the perioperative time (within 90 days of surgery). Data analyzed included operative time, length of stay (LOS), estimated blood loss (EBL), blood products, comorbidities, neurologic complications, and medical complications. Complications were rated as major and minor. Radiographic data was also analyzed. Results Ten patients (15.4%) had a major complication, and 15 (23%) had a minor complication. There were three perioperative deaths. The most common major complication was neurologic deficit (6.2%, 4/65), three with a permanent foot drop, and one with paraplegia secondary to postoperative hematoma. There were no differences between patients with and without a major complication in regard to age, gender, comorbidities, operative time, number of levels fused, and EBL (p > 0.05). Patients with a major complication had a longer intensive care unit stay (p = 0.04). There was no difference in the rate of major complications between the initial and later cases performed. Conclusion The major complication rate for pedicle subtraction osteotomy was 15% and the minor complication rate was 23%. The most common major complication was neurologic deficit in 6.2%. The complication rate did not change with increased surgeon experience.
Distributed Reservoir Computing with Sparse Readouts

In a network of agents, a widespread problem is the need to estimate a common underlying function starting from locally distributed measurements. Real-world scenarios may not allow the presence of centralized fusion centers, requiring the development of distributed, message-passing implementations of the standard machine learning training algorithms. In this paper, we are concerned with the distributed training of a particular class of recurrent neural networks, namely echo state networks (ESNs). In the centralized case, ESNs have received considerable attention, due to the fact that they can be trained with standard linear regression routines. Based on this observation, in our previous work we have introduced a decentralized algorithm, framed in the distributed optimization field, in order to train an ESN. In this paper, we focus on an additional sparsity property of the output layer of ESNs, allowing for very efficient implementations of the resulting networks. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, we test it on two well-known prediction benchmarks, namely the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series and the 10th order nonlinear auto regressive moving average (NARMA) system.
Seasonal Plasticity of Peripheral Auditory Frequency Sensitivity

Female midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) use the auditory sense to detect and locate vocalizing males during the breeding season. Detection of conspecific vocal signals is essential to their reproductive success and can evoke strong phonotactic responses in gravid females but not in spent females that have released all of their eggs. Here, we test the hypothesis that seasonal variation in reproductive state affects the neurophysiological response properties of the peripheral auditory system in female midshipman fish. Iso-intensity responses of eighth nerve afferents from the sacculus, the main auditory end organ of the inner ear, to individual tones were measured for spike rate and vector strength (VS) of synchronization. Most auditory saccular units in reproductive, summer females showed robust temporal encoding up to 340 Hz, whereas nonreproductive winter females showed comparable encoding only up to 100 Hz. The dramatic upward shift in temporal encoding among summer fish was paralleled by increases in best frequency (BF), maximum evoked spike rate at BF, VS values at BF, and the percentage of units that showed significant VS to iso-intensity tones >140 Hz. Reproductive summer females were best suited to encode the higher harmonic components of male advertisement calls. This first demonstration of a natural cyclicity in peripheral auditory frequency sensitivity among vertebrates may represent, in this case, an adaptive plasticity of the female midshipman's auditory system to enhance the acquisition of auditory information needed for mate identification and localization during the breeding season.
Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of mainstream whole smoke and smoke condensate from a cigarette containing a novel carbon filter.

A novel carbon filter has been developed which primarily reduces the amount of certain vapor phase constituents of tobacco smoke with greater efficiency than the charcoal filters of cigarettes currently in the market. In vitro indicators of genotoxic and cytotoxic potential were used to compare the cigarette smoke condensate (particulate phase) or whole cigarette smoke (vapor phase and particulate phase) from cigarettes containing the novel carbon filter with smoke condensate or whole smoke from commercial or prototype cigarettes not containing the novel carbon filter. Ames bacterial mutagenicity, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and neutral red cytotoxicity assays in CHO cells were utilized to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the cigarette smoke condensates. SCE and neutral red cytotoxicity assays were utilized to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the whole smoke. As expected, the novel carbon filter did not significantly affect the genotoxic or cytotoxic activity of the smoke condensate, although we did observe that the use of low-nitrogen tobacco reduced the mutagenicity of the condensate in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. However, the whole smoke from cigarettes containing the novel carbon filter demonstrated significant reductions in genotoxic and cytotoxic potential compared to cigarettes without the novel carbon filter. The toxicity of the smoke was correlated (r = 0.7662 for cytotoxicity and r = 0.7562 for SCE induction) to the aggregate mass of several vapor phase components (acetone, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, ammonia, NOx, HCN, benzene, isoprene, and formaldehyde) in the smoke of the cigarettes utilized in this study. In conclusion, this novel carbon filter, which significantly reduced the amount of carbonyls and other volatiles in mainstream cigarette smoke, resulted in significant reductions in the genotoxic and cytotoxic activity of the smoke as measured by these assays.
Parallel Mitral and Tufted Cell Pathways Route Distinct Odor Information to Different Targets in the Olfactory Cortex

Odor signals are conveyed from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (OC) by mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs). However, whether and how the two types of projection neuron differ in function and axonal connectivity is still poorly understood. Odor responses and axonal projection patterns were compared between MCs and TCs in mice by visualizing axons of electrophysiologically identified single neurons. TCs demonstrated shorter onset latency for reliable responses than MCs. The shorter latency response of TCs was maintained in a wide range of odor concentrations, whereas MCs responded only to strong signals. Furthermore, individual TCs projected densely to focal targets only in anterior areas of the OC, whereas individual MCs dispersedly projected to all OC areas. Surprisingly, in anterior OC areas, the two cell types projected to segregated subareas. These results suggest that MCs and TCs transmit temporally distinct odor information to different OC targets.
Non linear neurons in the low noise limit : a factorial code maximizes information transferJean

We investigate the consequences of maximizing information transfer in a simple neural network (one input layer, one output layer), focussing on the case of non linear transfer functions. We assume that both receptive elds (synaptic eecacies) and transfer functions can be adapted to the environment. The main result is that, for bounded and invertible transfer functions, in the case of a vanishing additive output noise, and no input noise, maximization of information (Linsker'sinfomax principle) leads to a factorial code-hence to the same solution as required by the redundancy reduction principle of Barlow. We show also that this result is valid for linear, more generally unbounded, transfer functions, provided optimization is performed under an additive constraint, that is which can be written as a sum of terms, each one being speciic to one output neuron. Finally we study the eeect of a non zero input noise. We nd that, at rst order in the input noise, assumed to be small as compared to the-small-output noise, the above results are still valid, provided the output noise is uncorrelated from one neuron to the other. P.A. C.S. 87.30 Biophysics of neurophysiological processes Short title: Information maximization with non linear neurons To appear in NETWORK INDEX: nadalparga.infomaxredred. ps.Z nadal@physique.ens. fr 19 pages Infomax applied to non linear neurons, in the low noise limit, leads to redundancy reduction.
Automatic clustering of orthologs and in-paralogs from pairwise species comparisons.

Orthologs are genes in different species that originate from a single gene in the last common ancestor of these species. Such genes have often retained identical biological roles in the present-day organisms. It is hence important to identify orthologs for transferring functional information between genes in different organisms with a high degree of reliability. For example, orthologs of human proteins are often functionally characterized in model organisms. Unfortunately, orthology analysis between human and e.g. invertebrates is often complex because of large numbers of paralogs within protein families. Paralogs that predate the species split, which we call out-paralogs, can easily be confused with true orthologs. Paralogs that arose after the species split, which we call in-paralogs, however, are bona fide orthologs by definition. Orthologs and in-paralogs are typically detected with phylogenetic methods, but these are slow and difficult to automate. Automatic clustering methods based on two-way best genome-wide matches on the other hand, have so far not separated in-paralogs from out-paralogs effectively. We present a fully automatic method for finding orthologs and in-paralogs from two species. Ortholog clusters are seeded with a two-way best pairwise match, after which an algorithm for adding in-paralogs is applied. The method bypasses multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees, which can be slow and error-prone steps in classical ortholog detection. Still, it robustly detects complex orthologous relationships and assigns confidence values for both orthologs and in-paralogs. The program, called INPARANOID, was tested on all completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes. To assess the quality of INPARANOID results, ortholog clusters were generated from a dataset of worm and mammalian transmembrane proteins, and were compared to clusters derived by manual tree-based ortholog detection methods. This study led to the identification with a high degree of confidence of over a dozen novel worm-mammalian ortholog assignments that were previously undetected because of shortcomings of phylogenetic methods.A WWW server that allows searching for orthologs between human and several fully sequenced genomes is installed at http://www.cgb. ki.se/inparanoid/. This is the first comprehensive resource with orthologs of all fully sequenced eukaryotic genomes. Programs and tables of orthology assignments are available from the same location.
AIS Electronic

It is with great interest for information systems researchers and practitioners regarding the contribution of information technology investment to firm performance. This study focuses on the impact of the implementation of knowledge management systems (KMS) on firm performance. Although many organizations have implemented KMS, there is little empirical evidence of KMS on firm performance. This research is an attempt to examine this issue among those firms of adopting KMS by using the data extracted from the COMPUSTAT. With hypotheses developed from literature and our research design, we collected financial data of companies that adopted KMS since 1999. The results show that firms significantly reduce the ratios of costs of selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) to revenues and SG&A to sales in the second year after the adoption of KMS. The findings support some of our hypotheses. This study also discussed some limitations and future research possibilities.
Sources of Sovereign Default Risk : An Empirical Analysis Prepared

From sovereign default risk perspective, little is known about the distress factors that are important in explaining variations in defaultable sovereign bonds. This paper proposes and empirically tests a family of default risk models with different sources of risk. At each instant there is some probability that the sovereign bond issuer defaults on its obligations and is a function of maturity or currency mismatches or the solvency. The proposed models are estimated using data on Argentina and Brazil. Using these indicators yields an estimated default risk whose pattern is closely similar to the country risk indicators such as the Emerging Market Bond Index (EMBI). JEL Classification Numbers:
Perceptual Contrast Estimation for Color Edge Detection

Color edge detection is an important research task in the field of image processing. Efficient and accurate edge detection will lead to increase the performance of subsequent image processing techniques, including image segmentation, object-based image coding, and image retrieval. To improve the performance of edge detection while considering that human eyes are ultimate receiver of color images, the perceptually insignificant edges should avoid over-detecting. In this paper, a color edge detection based on the adaptively perceptual color contrast is proposed. The perceptual color contrast is defined as the visible color difference across an edge in the uniform color space. A perceptual metric for measuring the visible color difference of a target color pixel is defined by utilizing the associated perceptually indistinguishable region. The perceptually indistinguishable region for each color pixel is estimated by the design of an experiment that considers the local property due to local changes in luminance. Simulation results show that most of perceptually insignificant edges are suppressed through the proposed perceptual metric. The performance of the proposed edge detection scheme is superior to that of the edge detection scheme without considering visual properties.
Multiple Interactions of PRK1 with RhoA

PRK1 (PKN) is a serine/threonine kinase that has been shown to be activated by RhoA (Amano, M., Mukai, H., Ono, Y., Chihara, K., Matsui, T., Hamajima, Y., Okawa, K., Iwamatsu, A., and Kaibuchi, K. (1996) Science 271, 648–650). Detailed analysis of the PRK1 region involved in RhoA binding has revealed that two homologous sequences within the HR1 domain (HR1a and HR1b) both bind to RhoA; the third repeat within this domain, HR1cPRK1, does not bind RhoA. The related HR1 motif is also found to confer RhoA binding activity to the only other fully cloned member of this kinase family, PRK2. Furthermore, the predictive value of this motif is established for an HR1a sequence derived from aCaenorhabditis elegans open reading frame encoding a protein kinase of unknown function. Interestingly, the HR1aPRK1 and HR1bPRK1 subdomains are shown to display a distinctive nucleotide dependence for RhoA binding. HRIaPRK1 is entirely GTP-dependent, while HR1bPRK1 binds both GTP- and GDP-bound forms of RhoA. This distinction indicates that there are two sites of contact between RhoA and PRK1, one contact through a region that is conformationally dependent upon the nucleotide-bound state of RhoA and one that is not. Analysis of binding to Rho/Rac chimera provides evidence for a HR1aPRK1 but not HR1bPRK1 interaction in the central third of Rho. Additionally, it is observed that the V14RhoA mutant binds HR1a but does not bind HR1b. This distinct binding behavior corroborates the conclusion that there are independent contacts on RhoA for the HR1aPRK1 and HR1bPRK1motifs.
Establishing the Input Impedance Requirements of ECG Recording Amplifiers

The transient response of electrocardiogram (ECG) amplifiers is investigated in the light of the IEC 60601 performance standard for electrocardiographs. Simulations and bench tests carried out on models of several electrodes reveal that the undershoot limit of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~\mu \text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the recovery slope limit of 300 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Vs<sup>−1</sup> in response to a narrow 3-mV, 100-ms rectangular pulse are violated when the recommended input impedance of 10 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{M}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is used in the amplifier. Analyses of dc and ac coupling of the electrodes to the amplifier are carried out, and the constraints are established for the amplifier input impedance based on the electrical properties of the electrodes. We recommend that the amplifier input resistance needs to be determined as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{R}_{\mathrm {in}} >60\text{R}_{P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>25/{\text{C}}_{P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, whichever is greater, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{R}}_{P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{C}_{P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are the resistance and capacitance of a simple electrical model of the electrode. In the case of ac coupling of the electrode to the amplifier, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{C}_{C}\text{R}_{\mathrm {in}} > 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula> s, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\text{C}}_{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the coupling capacitor. The results of simulations and tests suggest that an amplifier input impedance exceeding 3 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a cutoff frequency no higher than 0.05 Hz are necessary in order to meet the IEC 60601 performance criteria and avoid distortion of the recorded ECG signal.
The Neural Noisy Channel

We formulate sequence to sequence transduction as a noisy channel decoding problem and use recurrent neural networks to parameterise the source and channel models. Unlike direct models which can suffer from explaining-away effects during training, noisy channel models must produce outputs that explain their inputs, and their component models can be trained with not only paired training samples but also unpaired samples from the marginal output distribution. Using a latent variable to control how much of the conditioning sequence the channel model needs to read in order to generate a subsequent symbol, we obtain a tractable and effective beam search decoder. Experimental results on abstractive sentence summarisation, morphological inflection, and machine translation show that noisy channel models outperform direct models, and that they significantly benefit from increased amounts of unpaired output data that direct models cannot easily use.