Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indoor Small Cell Deployments: Challenges and Enabling Techniques - With Emphasis on Interference Management

Previous years have shown exponential mobile data traffic growth and the traffic growth is expected to persist. Moreover, a significant amount of the traffic is generated in indoor traffic hotspots. In order for network operators to maintain a satisfied user base, comprehensive upgrades of the network are required, thus, Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) deployments are upgrading the traditional macro-only networks. In this thesis, the main scenarios of interest are the co-channel and dedicated channel dense indoor small cell deployments. By means of experimental and theoretical studies the new challenges introduced by these scenarios are addressed. This thesis contributes with an evolution study in an operator deployed 4G network, and simulations show that indoor small cells are very important in order to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of future cellular networks. Moreover, the indoor small cell solution is also attractive from a user throughput performance point of view. If possible, the network operator should deploy the small cells on a dedicated carrier, thus, reducing the required indoor small cell density. Given the large potential of indoor small cell deployment, several femto measurement campaigns have been performed. First phase of the measurement campaign verified the indoor propagation models used in the simulation tool. This step is important in order to build confidence in the simulation accuracy. A second femto measurement campaign was performed to fully understand the consequences of uncoordinated indoor small cell deployment and to identify the most critical interference challenges. For uplink the most critical interference issue is increased noise rise at co-channel macro cells. For downlink, closed subscriber group femtos require a dedicated macro carrier to avoid indoor macro coverage holes. These findings were used in the development of an autonomous uplink and downlink femto power control algorithm which protects the co-channel macro users, and at the same time provides femto users with the guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS). Today, WiFi is the de facto indoor small cell technology. Therefore, a combined WiFi and 3G femto measurement campaign is carried out to determine the strong and weak points of each of the competing technologies. The main differentiator, from a user point
Interactive Material Annotation on 3D Scanned Models leveraging Color-Material Correlation

3D scanning has made it possible to generate 3D models from real objects. Although 3D scanning can capture an object’s shape and color texture, it is still technically difficult to analyze and reproduce material properties such as metalness, roughness, and transparency. Therefore, they need to be explicitly annotated after the scanning process. However, existing methods are highly labor-intensive such as a simple brush painting that requires delicate and inefficient handwork. To make this process more efficient and accurate, we propose a system that mitigates the costs by introducing a texture-aware annotation pipeline. This method is based on the observation that material distribution is correlated to color distribution. We segment the 3D surface into areas based on color similarity and let users annotate materials using the segmentations as masks. In an empirical user study, the participants could make quality annotations in a short time.
Forests, Water, and the Atmosphere in Northern California: Insights from Sap-Flow Data Analysis and Numerical Atmospheric Model Simulations

Evapotranspiration cools the land surface by consuming a large fraction of the net radiative energy at the surface. In forested regions, trees actively control the rate of transpiration by modulating stomatal conductance in response to environmental conditions, and species with different stomatal dynamics can affect the atmosphere in distinct ways. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation with direct, tree-level measurements of water use, we show that Douglas-firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a common evergreen needleleaf tree species in the Northern California Coast Range, decrease their transpiration sharply in the summer dry season in response to a dry root zone; and in contrast, broadleaf evergreen tree species, especially Pacific madrones (Arbutus menziesii), transpire maximally in the summer dry season because their transpiration is much less sensitive to a dry root zone and increases continually in response to increasing atmospheric evaporative demand. We scale up these tree-level observations to construct a bottom-up estimate of regional transpiration, and we use these regional estimates along with atmospheric models, one simple and one comprehensive, to quantify the potential impact of species transpiration differences on regional summertime climate. The atmospheric models suggest that these species differences in transpiration could affect the well-mixed atmospheric boundary layer temperature and humidity by 1-1.5 degrees C and 1 g/kg, respectively, and near-surface temperature and humidity by 1.5-2.5 degrees C and 2-3 g/kg, respectively. We further investigate the sensitivity of California climate to evapotranspiration by estimating the sensitivity of wind energy forecasts at a California wind farm to regional-scale perturbations in soil moisture using a regional atmospheric model. These tests show that forecasts at this particular farm are most sensitive to soil moisture in the Central Valley, and that changes in soil moisture on the order of previously-demonstrated errors in atmospheric reanalyses lead to wind energy forecast errors of 1-3 m/s, which can translate to differences in forecasted wind energy of 15-40% of a wind farm’s maximum rated power.
Insights Into Green Synthesized and Chemical Synthesized Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Nanotechnology currently garners substantial attention due to its capacity to alter metals' chemical, physical, and optical attributes through nanosizing. Consequently, a significant emphasis exists on devising novel approaches that utilize biological sources to synthesize diverse nanoparticles with specific sizes and compositions. Most current approaches are costly, environmentally harmful, and inefficient in using materials and energy. The properties of nanoparticles are affected by a range of factors such as time, temperature, pH, and ambient conditions. The potential of eco-friendly nanoparticles is also evident in agriculture, which can safeguard the environment and enhance agricultural productivity. Moreover, the thorough characterization of synthesized nanoparticles is paramount, especially in their potential applications in drug delivery and biomedicine. Green-synthesized nanoparticles excel in biocompatibility and sustainability, while chemically-synthesized nanoparticles provide precise control and functional versatility. The choice between these approaches depends on specific biomedical demands, cost factors, and the desire for sustainable healthcare solutions. Harnessing the strengths of both synthesis methods holds the potential to revolutionize biomedical applications, advancing healthcare accessibility and efficacy. This review paper mainly focuses on the green synthesis, chemical synthesis, economic impact and biomedical application.
FinBERT-FOMC: Fine-Tuned FinBERT Model with Sentiment Focus Method for Enhancing Sentiment Analysis of FOMC Minutes

In this research project, we used the financial texts published by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), known as the FOMC Minutes, for sentiment analysis. The pre-trained FinBERT model, a state-of-the-art transformer-based model trained for NLP tasks in finance, was utilized for that. The focus of this research has been on improving the predictive performance of complex financial sentences, as our problem analysis has shown that such sentences pose a significant challenge to existing models. To accomplish this objective the original FinBERT model was fine-tuned for domain-specific sentiment analysis. A strategy, referred to as Sentiment Focus (SF) was utilized to reduce the complexity of sentences, making them more amenable to accurate sentiment predictions. To evaluate the efficacy of our method, we curated a manually labeled test dataset comprising 1375 entries. The results demonstrated an overall improvement of in accuracy when using SF-enhanced fine-tuned FinBERT over the original FinBERT model. In cases of complex sentences containing conjunctions like but, while, and though with contradicting sentiments, our fine-tuned model outperformed the original FinBERT by a margin of .
Transformative climate change education and the school caretaker: a more-than-human analysis with young people

Schools are central to climate change education and climate-friendly transformations both as places which actually produce CO 2 emissions and, above all, as educational institutions. Following a new material-ist, transdisciplinary approach, we research here some of the entan-glements that constitute schools as whole institutions. As part of the research-education-cooperation k.i. d.Z. 21_aCtiOn2 ( Austrian Climate Research Program ), our innovative approach meant that the situational analyses were conducted both by young people and collaborating researchers. The experiences and accounts were captured in situational maps that illustrate the entangled agencies of people, discussions, places and matter relevant to CO 2 reductions and transformation attempts. The analysis of those maps led to new perspectives on the intra-actions between the material and the discursive in schools. In particular, the caretakers’ entanglements with areas relevant to climate-friendly transformations are revealed as critical to transformative climate change education. We conclude with an outlook on schools becoming trans-formative, climate-friendly places by building on these kinds of entan-glements and explicitly incorporating non-pedagogical aspects as part of a whole-school approach.
Carbon Use Efficiency of the First Ratoon Cane by Eddy Covariance Technique

The propose of this study was to evaluate CO2 flux and accumulative CO2 absorbance of the first ratoon cane by using Eddy Covariance Technique. First ratoon cane was produced at Cane and Sugar Industry Promotion Center, Kanchanaburi province, from June 2010 to April 2011. From the results, the CO2 flux was fluctuated from -2.4 to 2.8 mgCO2ms. The negative values showed in the day time and it means CO2 was absorbed by plant via photosynthesis. On the other hand the positive values means CO2 was emitted by plant and soil respiration in night time. Different CO2 flux was observed in each growth stages. CO2 flux was lower at germination stage (June 2010) and the total CO2 absorbance at this stage was 63.1 gCO2m. CO2 flux reached its maximum at stalk elongation stage (September 2010-January 2011) and total CO2 absorbance at this stage was 2,448.3 gCO2m. Totally, CO2 absorbance for the entire period of experiment was 4,300.4 gCO2m. Carbon use efficiency of the 1 ratoon cane was 2.13 tyield/tCO2. From the results, it was concluded that the 1 ratoon sugarcane ecosystem was a CO2 source during night hours and a CO2 sink during the day time. Finally, for the entire growing season the 1 ratoon cane system is the sink of CO2.
Treated Wastewater Effluent as an Alternative Freshwater Source in a Hypersaline Salt Marsh: Impacts on Salinity, Inorganic Nitrogen, and Emergent Vegetation

Abstract Reservoir construction and river diversions have dramatically reduced freshwater inflow to coastal salt marshes of the Nueces Estuary, Texas, facilitating hypersaline conditions. To moderate salinities and enhance habitat quality, ∼ 7570 m3 d−1 of treated wastewater effluent was used as a nutrient-rich freshwater source in the lower estuary. For ∼1.5 years prior to and ∼3.5 years following wastewater diversion, we quantified salinity, inorganic nitrogen, and emergent vegetation changes at four stations various distances downstream from the diversion point. Wastewater prevented hypersaline conditions at station 72, closest to the diversion, but not downstream. Increased tidal creek NH4+ and NO3− + NO2− concentrations were detectable 1200 m downstream, but concentrations were 50%–80% of those measured at station 72 within 325 m downstream. Emergent vegetation responded at station 72 only. Composition rapidly shifted (over a period of ≤ 1 y) from ∼80% monospecific cover of a highly salt-tolerant succulent, Salicornia virginica, to ∼50% cover of a less salt-tolerant shrub, Borrichia frutescens, intermixed with several other species. Percent cover ordination plots on each sampling date verified distinct pre- and postdiversion plant communities at this station. Mean porewater nutrient concentrations were not different among stations postdiversion, but lower C : N ratios and increased δ15N signatures of B. frutescens confirmed assimilation of wastewater-derived nitrogen at station 72. A variety of plants colonized bare areas near the diversion, creating about seven hectares of newly vegetated salt marsh. Wastewater diversions lowered salinity, increased nutrients, and increased cover of less salt-tolerant vegetation species near the diversion. However, these changes were restricted to a limited area, suggesting that increased diversions are necessary to produce substantial downstream effects.
Water-Quality Effects of Infiltration Rate and Manure Application Rate for Soils Receiving Swine Manure

ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of rain infiltration rate and manure application rate on the quality of leachate and runoff from four soils. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) plots received swine (Sus scrofa L) manure slurry at 1 or 2 Mg (dry weight) ha−1 to provide N at 78.4 or 156.8 kg ha−1. Simulated rain (75 mm hr−1) applied 24 hr after slurry application produced 30 min of runoff from each plot. Mean infiltration rates ranged from 7.7 to 60.6 mm hr−1. Concentrations and mass losses of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH4-N, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total P in runoff increased significantly (α = 0.05) following slurry applications, and doubled when slurry application doubled. High infiltration rates reduced runoff volumes and runoff concentrations of Cl, total dissolved solids, DRP, TKN, and NH4-N. Concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N in leachate water, collected at 0.4 m depth by suction cup lysimeters, did not increase following slurry applications.
Risk stratification model in predicting mortality among adult cardiac surgery patients and its application in Indonesia: A review

Risk stratification models have become an important tool for predicting mortality among adult cardiac surgery patients. These models provide clinicians with valuable information to guide decision-making and improve patient outcomes. While various models have been developed and validated globally, their application in the Indonesian context has gained attention. This study aims to examine the use of risk stratification models in predicting mortality among adult cardiac surgery patients in Indonesia. Several validated models, including EuroSCORE II, have shown good calibration and discriminative ability in the Indonesian population. EuroSCORE II, in particular, stands out for its efficient use of variables and the ability to predict mortality across different types of cardiac surgeries. However, it is essential to consider other risk stratification models that offer specific strengths and applications relevant to the Indonesian setting. The implementation of these models can greatly assist clinicians in assessing surgical risks, making informed decisions, and optimizing patient care. To further enhance the application of risk stratification models in Indonesia, additional validation studies specific to the Indonesian population are warranted. Furthermore, the establishment of a comprehensive patient database containing cardiac surgery information in Indonesia would facilitate ongoing research and improve the accuracy of model validation. In conclusion, risk stratification models play a crucial role in predicting mortality among adult cardiac surgery patients. Their application in Indonesia shows promising results, particularly with EuroSCORE II. However, further research, validation, and the development of a comprehensive patient database are needed to maximize the effectiveness and applicability of these models in the Indonesian context.
Elaboración de una cerveza orgánica a partir de la quinoa (chenopodium quinoa).

The main target of this research was to make artisanal beer from Quinoa as a main material. We could get the details of the process. On the other hand the physical-chemical factors are described to obtain an expected product with all requeriments fulfilled. The main material was washed, then malted and germinated. The chemical and microbiologic analyses were done in the laboratories of Protal-Espol and Central University in Quito. The results show that all treatments get beers which comply with the Ecuadorian regulations, and don´t show significant differences between them.
Effects of Continuous Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Bacterial Diversity, Organic Matter and Rice Water Use Efficiency

Two field experiments were conducted to study the effects of 6-year plastic film mulching on bacterial diversity, organic matter of paddy soil and water use efficiency on different soils with great environmental variabilities in Zhejiang Province, China, under non-flooding condition. The experiment started in 2001 at two sites with one rice crop annually. Three treatments included plastic film mulching with no flooding (PM), no plastic film mulching and no flooding (UM), and traditional flooding management (TF). Soil samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial diversity by DGGE and organic matter content, and water use efficiency (WUE) was calculated. The results showed that PM treatment favored the development of a more total bacterial community compared with TF management, the total number of bands was 33.3, 31.7 at tiller stage and heading stage (p 7924 kg? ha? 1 and 7015 kg? ha? 1 for PM and 8150 kg? ha? 1 and 6990 kg? ha? 1 for TF, respectively. Compared to TF, WUE and irrigation water use efficiency were increased significantly by 70.2% - 80.4% and 273.7% - 1300.0% for PM. It is essential to develop the water-saving agriculture.
Excavations at Çatal Hüyük: First Preliminary Report, 1961

The site of Çatal Hüyük was discovered during our survey of the Konya Plain in November, 1958. Rich in surface finds of a type hitherto only known from Professor J. Garstang's excavations at Mersin on the south coast of Anatolia, its importance was soon realised. However, at the time of the discovery, we were engaged in the excavation of the equally important site of Hacılar and it was not until after the completion of excavations there that digging could be contemplated at Çatal Hüyük. After the final season at Hacılar in 1960, we were free to devote our attention to this new site. As Hacılar showed a gap in its culture sequence exactly during the Early Neolithic period, which surface finds showed was best represented at Çatal Hüyük, it was decided to start excavations at this site to complete the sequence and throw further light on Hacılar.
Short wave versus long wave radiative forcing by Indian Ocean aerosols: Role of sea‐surface winds

Recent observations over the Indian Ocean have demonstrated aerosol short wave absorption as high as 20 to 25 W m−2. The aerosol net radiative forcing reduces substantially while considering the broad spectrum including the long wave region (due to large infrared forcing which is opposite in sign). At high winds, presence of large amounts of sea‐salt aerosols (absorbing in infrared) enhances the infrared forcing; hence reduces the net radiative forcing. In this paper, we examine the role of sea‐surface winds (which enhance sea‐salt aerosols) on long wave aerosol forcing. Even at moderate winds (6–10 m s−1), the short wave forcing reduces by ∼45% due to the dominance of sea‐salt aerosols. At high winds (>10 m s−1), a major fraction of the long wave forcing is contributed by sea‐salt (more than 70%). Our studies show that neglecting aerosol long wave radiative forcing can cause large errors in climate models.
Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm in Behcet Disease: Medical, Endovascular or Surgical Intervention

Behçet's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the body's blood vessels, exhibiting various clinical manifestations and complications. The exact cause remains unclear, but genetic predisposition, immune responses, and vascular activation are believed to contribute to its development. This disease is more prevalent in certain geographic regions and primarily affects young adults, particularly males. Pulmonary aneurysm, a complication of Behçet's disease, is the leading cause of mortality in Behcet disease. In this review, we summarize the complications of Behcet disease with a focus on pulmonary artery aneurysms. We discussed the medical, endovascular, and surgical management of pulmonary aneurysms in Behcet disease and the indications and outcomes of the different treatment options. Corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide remain the preferred first-line therapy. However, clinical improvement with infliximab or adalimumab, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) blocking agents, have been reported after treatment failure with recommended first-line agents. In patients who fail medical therapy or those with life-threatening hemoptysis, endovascular or surgical intervention is the next option. Endovascular interventions include pulmonary artery embolization with coils or acrylic glue and using plugs, occluders, or stents. Endovascular interventions usually have fewer adverse effects than surgery. Although the risk of surgical procedures is high in pulmonary artery aneurysms, it could be a life-saving procedure in patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. Surgical options, including pulmonary artery ligation, aneurysmorrhaphy, segmentectomy, lobectomy, or pneumonectomy are available. However, the results of surgical therapy for Behçet aneurysms are often disappointing.
Charge storage performance of a structurally flexible hybrid ionic liquid electrolyte

The electrochemical and charge storage performance of a fluorine‐free structurally flexible hybrid pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquid electrolyte (HILE) in a symmetric graphite‐based supercapacitor is thoroughly investigated. The HILE revealed thermal decomposition at above 230°C, a glass transition (Tg) temperature of below −70°C, and ionic conductivity of 0.16 mS cm−1 at 30°C. The chemical and electrochemical properties are investigated using a systematic variable temperature 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and diffusometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD). The supercapacitor demonstrated a notable specific capacitance of 186 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and a specific capacitance of 122 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The maximum energy density of 48.8 Wh kg−1, a power density of 450 W kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and a potential window of 4 V were obtained. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the new HILE can be used in symmetric graphite‐based supercapacitors over a wide potential window of 4 V and a temperature range from −20°C to 90°C.