Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of satellite glia in mouse sympathetic ganglia: GDNF and GFRα1 are not essential

The phenotypic development of satellite cells in mouse sympathetic ganglia was examined by localizing the transcription factors, Sox10 and Phox2b, the neuronal marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and brain‐derived fatty acid binding protein (B‐FABP), which identifies glial precursors and mature glia. In E10.5 mice, most cells in the sympathetic chain expressed both Sox10 and Phox2b, with a minority of cells expressing Sox10 only or Phox2b only. In E11.5 mice, the majority of cells expressed Sox10 only or Phox2b only. B‐FABP was colocalized with Sox10 in satellite glial precursors, which were located on the periphery of the ganglion. There was no overlap between B‐FABP and Phox2b or B‐FABP and TH. During subsequent development, the number of B‐FABP+ cells increased and they became more common deep within the ganglion. In E12.5 and E18.5 mice, there was no overlap between Sox10 and Phox2b, and 98% of Sox10 cells were also B‐FABP+. Satellite glial precursors in E11.5–E15.5 mice also expressed the GDNF‐binding molecule, GFRα1. B‐FABP immunoreactive cells did not express Ret or NCAM, two potential signaling molecules for GDNF/GFRα1. In E12.5 and E18.5 mice lacking GFRα1 or GDNF, the development of B‐FABP immunoreactive satellite cells was normal, and hence neither GDNF or GFRα1 are essential for the development of satellite glia in sympathetic ganglia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emotions about Emotions

This article discusses the importance of metaemotions (emotions about emotions), showing their undeniable existence and how they are a critical and essential part of emotion life. The article begins by placing reflexivity of emotions within the general reflexivity of human beings. Then, the article presents the literature on metaemotion, showing some of the problems that surround them, which ultimately will lead to ask if the concept of metaemotion is really necessary. The second part of the article argues for the usefulness of the concept, pointing out its role in establishing distinctions among emotional states as well as further clarifying the nature of emotion, and concludes on pointing out some of the directions for future research on metaemotions.
Reduction of radiated electromagnetic interference in 4-phases pulse width modulation converter system

Radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) in pulse width modulation (PWM) converter system is analyzed using discrete time Fourier series (DTFS) and a snubber circuit. The causes of radiated EMI are found through DTFS analysis of output waveform of switched voltage. By designing a snubber circuit with resistor (R) and capacitor (C) filter, overshoot and ringing of switched voltage are suppressed and the EMI is also reduced. The important factors are to minimize peak voltage and to reduce power dissipation in selecting of RC value. The design of snubber circuit is considered these points and measured EMI shows the improvement of 6 dBuV/m.
Postnatal Development of Corticospinal Projections from Motor Cortex to the Cervical Enlargement in the Macaque Monkey

The postnatal development of corticospinal projections was investigated in 11 macaques by means of the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutin–horseradish peroxidase injected into the primary motor cortex hand area. Although the fibers of the corticospinal tract reached all levels of the spinal cord white matter at birth, their penetration into the gray matter was far from complete. At birth, as in the adult, corticospinal projections were distributed to the same regions of the intermediate zone, although they showed marked increases in density during the first 5 months. The unique feature of the primate corticospinal tract, namely direct cortico-motoneuronal projections to the spinal motor nuclei innervating hand muscles, was not present to a significant extent at birth. The density of these cortico-motoneuronal projections increased rapidly during the first 5 months, followed by a protracted period extending into the second year of life. The densest corticospinal terminations occupied only 40% of the hand motor nuclei in the first thoracic segment at 1 month, 73% at 5 months, and 75.5% at 3 years. A caudo-rostral gradient of termination density within the hand motor nuclei was present throughout development and persisted into the adult. As a consequence, the more caudal the segment within the cervical enlargement, the earlier the adult pattern of projection density was reached. No transitory corticospinal projections were found. The continuous postnatal expansion of cortico-motoneuronal projections to hand motor nuclei in primates is in marked contrast to the retraction of exuberant projections that characterizes the development of other sensory and motor pathways in subprimates.
Why Homosexuality is a Risk Factor for Eating Disorders in Males

There is a typical overrepresentation of homosexual males in clinical eating disorder samples. The present study investigated the role of gender role orientation, peer pressure, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction in relation to eating disorder symptoms among a sample of homosexual men and a sample of heterosexual men. The results show that most variables were highly interrelated. However, using multivariate regression analyses it was found that body dissatisfaction, and not self-esteem, was the dominant predictor of eating disorder symptoms. For both heterosexual and homosexual men, a higher level of body dissatisfaction was related to higher Body Mass Index (BMI), more peer pressure, and lower masculinity scores. In addition, an interaction of sexual orientation and peer pressure was found: the relationship between peer pressure and body dissatisfaction was substantially more pronounced among homosexual men. Finally, associations between eating disorder symptoms on the one hand and sexual orientation, gender role orientation and peer pressure on the other hand, became non-significant when taking body dissatisfaction into account. The results show the central role of body dissatisfaction in the relationship between homosexuality and eating disorder symptoms, as well as the contribution of peer pressure. Directions for future research are discussed.
Genetic heterogeneity of dominant optic atrophy, Kjer type: Identification of a second locus on chromosome 18q12.2-12.3.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a family with autosomal dominant optic atrophy, which has been previously linked to the Kidd blood group. DESIGN Clinical evaluation with the assessment of visual acuity, color vision, and optic nerve appearance to determine affection status. Linkage analysis using polymorphic DNA markers. RESULTS Visual acuities ranged from 20/20 to 6/200. Although linkage was excluded for chromosome 3q28-29, markers from chromosome 18 in the vicinity of the Kidd locus were linked to the disorder (D18S34 [maximal lod score (lodmax) of 5.38 at recombination fraction (theta) of 0.14], D18S548 [lod(max)=7.26, theta=0.09], D18S861 [lod(max)= 5.32, theta = 0.07], and D18S479 [lod(max) = 3.28, 0 = 0.12:]). Multipoint linkage analysis demonstrated lod scores of greater than 3 in an approximately 3-centimorgan region flanked by D18S34 and D18S479, using 98% penetrance and a phenocopy rate of 1/50. CONCLUSIONS Dominant optic atrophy is genetically heterogeneous, with loci assigned to chromosomes 3q28-29 and 18q12.2-12.3. Dominant optic atrophy linked to 18q shows intrafamilial variation similar to that previously reported in families linked to 3q, with visual acuities ranging from normal to legal blindness. The overall distribution of visual acuities appears more favorable with the 18q phenotype. Both phenotypes appear to have a similar rate of visual decline.
A new interferometric study of four exoplanet host stars: θ Cygni, 14 Andromedae, υ Andromedae and 42 Draconis

Context. Since the discovery of the first exoplanet in 1995 around a solar-type star, the interest in exoplanetary systems has kept increasing. Studying exoplanet host stars is of the utmost importance to establish the link between the presence of exoplanets around various types of stars and to understand the respective evolution of stars and exoplanets. Aims. Using the limb-darkened diameter (LDD) obtained from interferometric data, we determine the fundamental parameters of four exoplanet host stars. We are particularly interested in the F4 main-sequence star, θ Cyg, for which Kepler has recently revealed solar-like oscillations that are unexpected for this type of star. Furthermore, recent photometric and spectroscopic measurements with SOPHIE and ELODIE (OHP) show evidence of a quasi-periodic radial velocity of ∼150 days. Models of this periodic change in radial velocity predict either a complex planetary system orbiting the star, or a new and unidentified stellar pulsation mode. Methods. We performed interferometric observations of θ Cyg, 14 Andromedae, υ Andromedae and 42 Draconis for two years with VEGA/CHARA (Mount Wilson, California) in several three-telescope configurations. We measured accurate limb darkened diameters and derived their radius, mass and temperature using empirical laws. Results. We obtain new accurate fundamental parameters for stars 14 And, υ And and 42 Dra. We also obtained limb darkened diameters with a minimum precision of ∼1.3%, leading to minimum planet masses of M sini = 5.33 ± 0.57, 0.62 ± 0.09 and 3.79 ± 0.29 MJup for 14 And b, υ And b and 42 Dra b, respectively. The interferometric measurements of θ Cyg show a significant diameter variability that remains unexplained up to now. We propose that the presence of these discrepancies in the interferometric data is caused either by an intrinsic variation of the star or an unknown close companion orbiting around it.
School values and teachers’ feelings: a LISREL model

Based on a sample of 101 teachers from 14 aided secondary schools in Hong Kong, a survey was conducted in March‐April 1994 to collect data about organizational values in schools and teachers’ feelings. Two new instruments, the “School values inventory” and the “Teachers’ feelings questionnaire”, were developed for this study. Using LISREL computer program to analyse the data, builds a linear structural equation model of school values and teachers’ feelings. The result is a LISREL model of school values and teachers’ feelings which indicates that cultural linkage in schools promotes teachers’ feelings of commitment, job satisfaction, sense of community and order and discipline, whereas bureaucratic linkage undermines such feelings. Implies that school principals should resort more to cultural linkages as the strategies to bind people together and to give people meaning in their work.
Prevention Work: A Professional Responsibility for Marriage and Family Counselors

Although ethical codes encourage marriage and family counselors to undertake prevention work, many practitioners do not include prevention within the scope of their practice. Prevention work includes a number of professional functions that address multiple family issues. Within a developmental framework, marriage and family counselors can bring a unique set of skills and experience to preventive work, and a family systems theoretical orientation helps to inform the practice of preventive efforts designed to enhance familial relationships. Marriage and family counselors can be involved in the practice, theory development, and research of prevention work. Effective prevention work by marriage and family counselors incorporates a consideration of barriers to effective prevention work, professional collaboration, and ethical considerations.
Iron and Infection. Molecular, Physiological and Clinical Aspects

book is written in magazine format, with sections on AIDS epidemiology, virology, clinical course and treatment, infection control, and psychosocial and ethical issues; each section is written by an expert in the field. Especially useful are the data on sensitivities of various AIDS tests and the efficacy of drugs used to treat AIDS. Because it contains a considerable amount of information in a small compass, the volume provides a good basis for learning about AIDS. As an information source, this book does have some shortcomings. There is no index at the end, so it is difficult to look up individual pieces of data. Although an "Additional Reading" section exists at the conclusion of each chapter, specific references are not given. The regional data on epidemiology comes from the Pacific Northwest and might not reflect statistics in other parts of the country. The book also lacks a complete listing and review of AIDS hotlines and volunteer buddy services for people with AIDS. In spite of its faults, this book is a convenient source of data on AIDS. While not comprehensive enough to be an exclusive source of information, it would be useful for any medical student or clinician who wanted to become acquainted with AIDS patient care quickly.
An Accelerated IHS Transform Fusion of Remote Sensing Image Data Based on GPU

In this paper we designed a remote sensing image data fusion algorithm on GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) using the programmability of GPU which is a parallel vector processor. Both of the forward IHS and inverse IHS transform computation were mapped into GPU. We realized parallel rendering and output of the three components of the IHS, and the inverse IHS transformation using RTT (Render To Texture) and MTR (Multiple Render Targets) method to speed up the computation. The result shows that this algorithm on GPU is much faster than the previous CPU-based IHS transforming algorithm in the case of large data. And with the fusion images getting bigger the advantage of the velocity is more obvious in GPU implementation.
Outlier detection for a hierarchical Bayes model in a study of hospital variation in surgical procedures

One of the most important aspects of profiling healthcare providers or services is constructing a model that is flexible enough to allow for random variation. At the same time, we wish to identify those institutions that clearly deviate from the usual standard of care. Here, we propose a hierarchical Bayes model to study the choice of surgical procedure for rectal cancer using data previously analysed by Simons et al.1 Using hospitals as random effects, we construct a computationally simple graphical method for determining hospitals that are outliers; that is, they differ significantly from other hospitals of the same type in terms of surgical choice.
On dominant characteristics of residential broadband internet traffic

While residential broadband Internet access is popular in many parts of the world, only a few studies have examined the characteristics of such traffic. In this paper we describe observations from monitoring the network activity for more than 20,000 residential DSL customers in an urban area. To ensure privacy, all data is immediately anonymized. We augment the anonymized packet traces with information about DSL-level sessions, IP (re-)assignments, and DSL link bandwidth. Our analysis reveals a number of surprises in terms of the mental models we developed from the measurement literature. For example, we find that HTTP - not peer-to-peer - traffic dominates by a significant margin; that more often than not the home user's immediate ISP connectivity contributes more to the round-trip times the user experiences than the WAN portion of the path; and that the DSL lines are frequently not the bottleneck in bulk-transfer performance.
« Le stress parental chez les mères d'enfants d'âge préscolaire : validation et normes québécoises pour l'Inventaire de Stress Parental »

Les qualites metrologiques d'une version francaise du Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1983 ; Loyd et Abidin, 1985) sont examinees a partir d'un echantillon de 122 meres quebecoises ayant un enfant d'âge prescolaire. Les resultats indiquent que l'inventaire de stress parental possede des indices de consistance interne equivalant a ceux obtenus avec l'echantillon americain. Cependant, les echantillons quebecois et americain different pour 7 sous-echelles sur 13 ainsi qu'au niveau du score du domaine de l'enfant et du score de stress total. Les meres quebecoises rapportent des scores plus eleves. L'analyse factorielle des sous-echelles supporte la presence d'une structure hierarchique constituee d'un facteur general de stress parental et de deux facteurs specifiques : le domaine de l'enfant et le domaine du parent. Le score du domaine du parent varie selon le niveau socio-economique et le statut conjugal de la mere. L'âge de la mere est negativement correle au score du domaine de l'enfant. Le niveau d'agressivite/hyperactivite de l'enfant, tel que percu par l'educatrice en classe, est positivement correle au score de la sous-echelle Difficulte a accepter les caracteristiques de l'enfant et de la sous-echelle Distraction et hyperactivite de l'enfant. Des normes sont presentees afin de tenir compte des differences observees entre l'echantillon quebecois et l'echantillon americain.
Evaluation of Hybrid Memory Technologies Using SOT-MRAM for On-Chip Cache Hierarchy

Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) is a very promising emerging memory technology because of its various advantages such as nonvolatility, high density and scalability. In particular, Spin Orbit Torque (SOT) MRAM is gaining interest as it comes along with all the benefits of its predecessor Spin Transfer Torque (STT) MRAM, but is supposed to eliminate some of its shortcomings. Especially the split of read and write paths in SOT-MRAM promises faster access times and lower energy consumption compared to STT-MRAM. In this paper, we provide a very detailed analysis of SOT-MRAM at both the circuit-and architecture-level. We present a detailed evaluation of performance and energy related parameters and compare the novel SOT-MRAM with several other memory technologies. Our architecture-level analysis shows that a hybrid-combination of SRAM for the L1-Data-cache, SOT-MRAM for the L1-Instruction-cache and L2-cache can reduce the energy consumption by 60% while the performance increases by 1% compared to an SRAM-only configuration. Moreover, the retention failure probability of SOT-MRAM is 27× smaller than the probability of radiation-induced Soft Errors in SRAM, for a 65 nm technology node. All of these advantages together make SOT-MRAM a viable choice for microprocessor caches.
Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond.

Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in animal cells, serving as a precursor for the synthesis not only of proteins but also of nitric oxide, urea, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine. Of the enzymes that catalyse rate-controlling steps in arginine synthesis and catabolism, argininosuccinate synthase, the two arginase isoenzymes, the three nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes and arginine decarboxylase have been recognized in recent years as key factors in regulating newly identified aspects of arginine metabolism. In particular, changes in the activities of argininosuccinate synthase, the arginases, the inducible isoenzyme of nitric oxide synthase and also cationic amino acid transporters play major roles in determining the metabolic fates of arginine in health and disease, and recent studies have identified complex patterns of interaction among these enzymes. There is growing interest in the potential roles of the arginase isoenzymes as regulators of the synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, proline and glutamate. Physiological roles and relationships between the pathways of arginine synthesis and catabolism in vivo are complex and difficult to analyse, owing to compartmentalized expression of various enzymes at both organ (e.g. liver, small intestine and kidney) and subcellular (cytosol and mitochondria) levels, as well as to changes in expression during development and in response to diet, hormones and cytokines. The ongoing development of new cell lines and animal models using cDNA clones and genes for key arginine metabolic enzymes will provide new approaches more clearly elucidating the physiological roles of these enzymes.
Peritraumatic Dissociation Predicts Posttraumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents Following Road Traffic Accidents

ABSTRACT To date, only few studies have examined the predictive value of dissociative symptoms in the context of acute, single-event traumatic experiences in children. In a short-term follow-up study, we examined the relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and levels of posttraumatic stress in forty-five child and adolescent victims of road traffic accidents at one week and at three months after the event. Peritraumatic dissociative experiences were common, with 62% of children endorsing at least one symptom. In a final regression model, peritraumatic derealization accounted for thirty-three percent of variance of posttraumatic stress symptoms three months after the accident. The results suggest that peritraumatic dissociative experiences could also be valuable in identifying children and adolescents at risk for later symptomatology.
Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and other changes associated with bovine lactation induced with estradiol-17beta and progesterone.

Estrogen progesterone prolactin and other changes associated with bovine lactation induced with estradiol-17beta and progesterone were investigated. Lactation was induced in 3 cows and 5 heifers with 14 sc injections of estradiol and progesterone. 2 animals also received 10 im injections of estradiol and progesterone. Injections were at 12-hour intervals and each dose contained . 05 mg estradiol and . 125 mg progesterone/kg body weight. Lactation was induced in all animals but postinduction increases in milk yields were subnormal and lactation yields of 4% fat-corrected milk were 50-59% of expectancy. Milk yield of all animals reached 2.5 kg/day 9-13 days after the last injection. Progesterone and total free estrogen in milk decreased markedly by 4-14 days after 1st milking or a maximum of 18 days after the last injection. Each milk hormone correlated with its plasma concentration and milk and plasma estrogen correlated with urinary estrogen excretion rate. Milk and plasma progesterone never exceeded concentrations of untreated cows during pregnancy and milk estrogen was similar after Day 2 of lactation. Plasma and urinary estrogen during treatment equaled or exceeded that of late pregnancy. Progesterone and estrogen decreased the 1st 3 days after treatment and were low when plasma prolactin increased 4-5 days later. Treatment for 7-12 days produced hormone profiles similar to those 3-7 days before parturition. When lactation was initiated plasma estrogen and prolactin were lower than data reported for parturient lactogenesis.
Reflecting Demand in Programming Logics : a case study for Haskell

Haskell is a functional programming language whose evaluation is lazy by default. However, Haskell also provides pattern matching facilities which add a modicum of eagerness to its otherwise lazy default evaluation. This mixed or “non-strict” semantics can be quite difficult to reason with. This paper introduces a programming logic, P-logic, which neatly formalizes the mixed evaluation in Haskell pattern-matching as a logic, thereby simplifying the task of specifying and verifying Haskell programs. In P-logic, aspects of demand are reflected or represented within both the predicate language and its model theory, allowing for expressive and comprehensible program verification.