Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Historical Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in the York and Rappahannock Rivers as Evidence of Historical Water Quality Conditions

Recommended Citation Moore, K. , Wilcox, D. J., Anderson, B. , & Orth, R. J. (2001) Analysis of Historical Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in the York and Rappahannock Rivers as Evidence of Historical Water Quality Conditions. Special Reports in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering (SRAMSOE) No. 375. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary. https://doi.org/10.21220/V5Z740
Dacriocistocele congênita: relato de caso e conduta

A dacriocistocele representa uma rara anomalia congenita da regiao medial da orbita, causada pela obstrucao distal (ao nivel da valvula de Hasner) e proximal (ao nivel da valvula de Rosenmuller) da via lacrimal, com subsequente dilatacao do saco lacrimal. Recebe o nome de mucocele, quando seu conteudo representa muco, ou amniocele, quando o seu conteudo e preenchido por fluido amniotico. Acomete somente 0.1% das criancas, com obstrucao do ducto lacrimonasal, sendo comumente unilateral e mais frequente no sexo feminino e com predisposicao familiar. O diagnostico e realizado pelas caracteristicas clinicas: lesao cistica tensa, abaixo do tendao cantal medial, de coloracao azulacinzentada, rosea ou vermelha acompanhada por epifora desde o nascimento. No entanto podemos utilizar exames de imagem para diagnosticar esta anomalia congenita tais como: tomografia computadorizada, ressonância magnetica e ultrassonografia.
An Investigation into the Capability of Compact Polarized SAR to Classify Multi-Sea-Surface Characteristics

ABSTRACT This paper assesses the capability of Compact Polarized (CP) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to classify multi-sea-surface characteristics (defined as typical sea surface suspended sediments, such as oil spills algal look-alikes and algal blooms). CP reconstruction is carried out on two C-band RADARSAT-2 quad-polarized (QP) SAR images using Nord's algorithm. The accuracies of the reconstructed polarized signatures of the multi-sea-surface characteristics of open water, oil spills and algal blooms derived from QP original quad-polarized data (quad-pol) and CP reconstructed approximate quad-polarized data (namely pseudo quad-pol) are then compared and analyzed. In addition, 10 types of polarization parameters are chosen in order to investigate the accuracy of the reconstruction for open water, oil spills and algal blooms. A comparison of the results shows that, of the chosen parameters, the reconstruction accuracies for σ0HH, σ0VV, ρ, l1, l2 and α are the highest whereas the accuracies obtained for σ0HV, l3, H and A are unsatisfactory. The influence of reconstructed CP polarization parameters on the classification of multi-sea-surface characteristics is also assessed. Based on an assessment of this classification, it is concluded that the hybrid polarization (CTLR) mode should be adopted for the reconstruction of σ0HH, σ0VV, l1, H and α whereas the π/4 mode should be used for the reconstruction of σ0HV, ρ, l2 and l3.
Search strategy and selection function for an inferential relational system

An inferential relational system is one in which data in the system consists of both explicit facts and general axioms (or “views”). The general axioms are used together with the explicit facts to derive the facts that are implicit (virtual relations) within the system. A top-down algorithm, as used in artificial intelligence work, is described to develop inferences within the system. The top-down approach starts with the query, a conjunction of relations, to be answered. Either a relational fact solves a given relation in a conjunct, or the relation is replaced by a conjunct of relations which must be solved to solve the given relation. The approach requires that one and only one relation in a conjunction be replaced (or expanded) by the given facts and general axioms. The decision to expand only a single relation is termed a selection function. It is shown for relational systems that such a restriction still guarantees that a solution to the problem will be found if one exists. The algorithm provides for heuristic direction in the search process. Experimental results are presented which illustrate the techniques. A bookkeeping mechanism is described which permits one to know when subproblems are solved. It further facilitates the outputting of reasons for the deductively found answer in a coherent fashion.
Learning Thermodynamics with Boltzmann Machines

A Boltzmann machine is a stochastic neural network that has been extensively used in the layers of deep architectures for modern machine learning applications. In this paper, we develop a Boltzmann machine that is capable of modeling thermodynamic observables for physical systems in thermal equilibrium. Through unsupervised learning, we train the Boltzmann machine on data sets constructed with spin configurations importance sampled from the partition function of an Ising Hamiltonian at different temperatures using Monte Carlo (MC) methods. The trained Boltzmann machine is then used to generate spin states, for which we compare thermodynamic observables to those computed by direct MC sampling. We demonstrate that the Boltzmann machine can faithfully reproduce the observables of the physical system. Further, we observe that the number of neurons required to obtain accurate results increases as the system is brought close to criticality.
Comparative Study of Heuristic Hybrid of Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Dynamic Programming Methodologies for Network Fault Analysis

††† Summary Modeling of network-faults based time-sequence data by piecewise constant intensity function has been carried out using a heuristic approach that employs both Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach (MCMC) and Dynamic Programming algorithm (DPA) methodologies. The results for synthetic as well as for real data show that both MCMC and DPA have close agreement between predicted and actual values. Remarkable speedup (4 to 5 times) has been observed by augmentation of the heuristic method. Due to higher efficiency the proposed approach is well suited for cases with larger data sets requiring near-optimal solution.
A novel sequential sampling technique for the surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance by cross-sectional survey for use in low resource settings

This article describes the development of a novel sequential sampling method for the surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance by cross-sectional survey. Two commonly used sequential sampling methods are described and their applicability to the problem of classifying the prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance investigated. Both methods are rejected due to insufficient savings in sample size and operational complexity. A novel method is proposed and this is tested using computer-based simulation. This method provides useful sample size savings and operational simplicity and could provide the basis for a rapid and reliable survey method for classifying the prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in circumstances where monitoring HIV drug resistance is an important issue, but resources do not allow full-scale surveillance to be established. The method is currently being used in several such settings.
Independent Regulation of Apical and Basolateral Drug Transporter Expression and Function in Placental Trophoblasts by Cytokines, Steroids, and Growth Factors

Placental ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters protect placental and fetal tissues by effluxing xenobiotics and endogenous metabolites. We have investigated the effects of cytokines and survival/growth factors, implicated in various placental pathologies, on ABC transporter expression and function in primary placental trophoblast cells. Treatment of primary term trophoblasts in vitro with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin (IL)-1β decreased mRNA and protein expression of apical transporters ABCB1/multidrug resistance gene product 1 (MDR1) and ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) protein by 40 to 50% (P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-6 increased mRNA and protein expression of the basolateral transporter ABCB4/MDR3 (P < 0.05), whereas ABCC1/MRP1 expression was unaltered. Pretreatment of trophoblasts with TNF-α over 48 h resulted in significantly decreased BCRP efflux activity (increased mitoxantrone accumulation) with minimal changes in MDR1/3 activity. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor II, on the other hand, significantly increased BCRP expression at the mRNA and protein level (P < 0.05); EGF treatment also increased BCRP functional activity. Estradiol stimulated BCRP, MDR1, and MDR3 mRNA and protein expression by 40 to 60% and increased MDR1/3 functional activity (P < 0.05). Progesterone had modest positive effects on MRP1 mRNA and MDR1 protein expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study shows that proinflammatory cytokines, sex steroids, and growth factors exert independent effects on expression of apical and basolateral placental ABC transporters in primary trophoblast. Such changes could alter placental drug disposition, increase fetal susceptibility to toxic xenobiotics, and impact on placental viability and function.
Changes in blood eosinophilia during omalizumab therapy as a predictor of asthma exacerbation

Introduction Omalizumab is a monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E antibody developed for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. The number of exacerbations used as a parameter of omalizumab therapy efficacy may be insufficient in many cases due to a relatively short time to first evaluation (16 weeks). Therefore, it is advisable to look for parameters of more prognostic value while continuing omalizumab therapy. Aim To evaluate usefulness of analysis of changes of blood eosinophilia after 16 weeks of omalizumab therapy as a predictor of asthma exacerbations. Material and methods The study was conducted on a group of 13 patients with severe persistent allergic asthma treated with omalizumab. Blood eosinophil counts were measured before and after 16 weeks of anti-IgE therapy. On the basis of percentage of eosinophilia decrease (> 50% or < 50% of the initial value), patients were divided into two groups. Analysis of the asthma exacerbation rate during 12 months and time to first exacerbation was performed. Results In the group with a high decrease in blood eosinophil counts (group 1) we showed a statistically significantly lower asthma exacerbation rate in 12 months compared with the group with a low decrease in blood eosinophil counts (group 2) (p = 0.02). We also observed the tendency to longer time to first asthma exacerbation in group 1 compared to group 2 (p = 0.06). Conclusions Our results showed that a decrease in blood eosinophilia during omalizumab therapy can be a predictor of asthma exacerbation. Evaluation of changes in blood eosinophil count should be taken into the consideration while estimating response to anti-IgE therapy in patients with severe allergic asthma.
"United Airways Disease" and Phenotypic Peculiarities of Respiratory Allergy in Immigrants

Abstract Allergy is the result of a complex interaction between genetic background and environmental factors, including exposure to allergens and lifestyle. Migration is a process that involves many radical changes in the environment, including diet, pollutants, allergens, different housing conditions, and patterns of infections. Thus, studies in immigrants may provide important information about the role of environmental factors in the development of allergic respiratory diseases. Several studies addressed this aspect and consistently found that migrants develop allergies at different rates from the local population, and very often the symptoms appear with a delay of 3 to 5 years after migration. More recent data showed that the severity of allergic diseases is greater in migrants, and that usually the onset is with associated asthma and rhinitis. The immigration model strongly suggests that environmental factors overcome the genetic background, and that the clinical phenotype of respiratory allergy in migrants has some peculiarities.
The Electronic Sitar Controller

This paper describes the design of an Electronic Sitar controller, a digitally modified version of Saraswati's (the Hindu Goddess of Music) 19-stringed, pumpkin shelled, traditional North Indian instrument. The ESitar uses sensor technology to extract gestural information from a performer, deducing music information such as pitch, pluck timing, thumb pressure, and 3-axes of head tilt to trigger real-time sounds and graphics. It allows for a variety of traditional sitar technique as well as new performance methods. Graphical feedback allows for artistic display and pedagogical feedback. The ESitar uses a programmable Atmel microprocessor which outputs control messages via a standard MIDI jack.
Blood pressure control with selective vagal nerve stimulation and minimal side effects

Objective. Hypertension is the largest threat to patient health and a burden to health care systems. Despite various options, 30% of patients do not respond sufficiently to medical treatment. Mechanoreceptors in the aortic arch relay blood pressure (BP) levels through vagal nerve (VN) fibers to the brainstem and trigger the baroreflex, lowering the BP. Selective electrical stimulation of these nerve fibers reduced BP in rats. However, there is no technique described to localize and stimulate these fibers inside the VN without inadvertent stimulation of non-baroreceptive fibers causing side effects like bradycardia and bradypnea. Approach. We present a novel method for selective VN stimulation to reduce BP without the aforementioned side effects. Baroreceptor compound activity of rat VN (n = 5) was localized using a multichannel cuff electrode, true tripolar recording and a coherent averaging algorithm triggered by BP or electrocardiogram. Main results. Tripolar stimulation over electrodes near the barofibers reduced the BP without triggering significant bradycardia and bradypnea. The BP drop was adjusted to 60% of the initial value by varying the stimulation pulse width and duration, and lasted up to five times longer than the stimulation. Significance. The presented method is robust to impedance changes, independent of the electrode's relative position, does not compromise the nerve and can run on implantable, ultra-low power signal processors.
Discrete choice experiment of smoking cessation behaviour in Japan

Background: In spite of gradual increases in tobacco price and the introduction of laws supporting various anti-tobacco measures, the proportion of smokers in Japan’s population is still higher than in other developed nations. Objective: To understand what information and individual characteristics drive smokers to attempt to quit smoking. These determinants will help to realise effective tobacco control policy as a base for understanding of cessation behaviour. Method: Discrete choice experiments on a total of 616 respondents registered at a consumer monitoring investigative company. Results: The effect of price is greater on smokers with lower nicotine dependence. For smokers of moderate and low dependency, short term health risks and health risks caused by passive smoking have a strong impact, though the existence of penalties and long term health risks have little influence on smokers’ decisions to quit. For highly dependent smokers, non-price attributes have little impact. Furthermore, the effects of age, sex and knowledge are also not uniform in accounting for smoking cessation. Conclusion: Determinants of smoking cessation vary among levels of nicotine dependency. Therefore, how and what information is provided needs to be carefully considered when counselling smokers to help them to quit.
Validation of an Accelerometer for Measuring Sport Performance

Sato, K, Smith, SL and Sands, WA. Validation of an accelerometer for measuring sport performance. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 341-347, 2009-Weightlifting technique is a well-studied subject with regard to standard biomechanical analysis that includes barbell velocity as well as barbell trajectory, but kinematic data such as barbell acceleration have not often been reported. Real-time or near-real-time feedback can be more helpful to coaches and athletes than delayed feedback. The purpose of this study was to validate measures obtained by a commercially available accelerometer in comparison with kinematic data derived from video. The hypothesis was that there would be a high positive relationship between accelerometer data and acceleration measures derived from video records of a barbell high-pull movement. Accelerometer values and kinematic data from high-speed video were obtained from 7 volunteers performing 2 trials each of a barbell high-pull. The results showed that the accelerometer measures were highly correlated with derived acceleration data from video (r = 0.94-0.99). On the basis of these results, the device was considered to be validated; thus, the unit may be a useful tool to measure acceleration during real-time training sessions rather than only reserved for collecting data in a laboratory setting. This device can be a valuable tool to provide instant feedback to coaches and athletes to assess individual barbell acceleration performance.
Ischemic preconditioning improves postoperative outcome after liver resections: a randomized controlled study.

BACKGROUND Clamping of the portal triad (Pringle maneuver) prevents blood loss during liver resection, but leads to liver injury upon reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning (IP) has been shown to protect the liver against prolonged ischemic injury in animal models. However, the clinical value of this procedure has not yet been established. METHODS 61 Patients undergoing hepatic resection under inflow occlusion were randomized to either to receive (Group-A n = 30) or not to receive (Group-B n = 31) an IP (10 minutes of ischemia followed 10 minutes of reperfusion). RESULTS Mean (+/- SD)/ Group-A vs. Group-B. Pringle time of 34 +/- 14 and 33 +/- 12 minutes and the extent of resected liver tissue (2.7 +/- 1.3 vs. 2.7 +/- 1.1 segments) were comparable in both groups. Complications, including death, severe liver dysfunction and biliary leakage occurred in 6 patients of Group-A vs. 14 patients of Group-B (p<0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in Group-A (1.28 +/- 0.91 l vs. 1.94 +/- 0.76 l; p<0.001) with 5 vs. 15 patients requiring transfusions (p<0.01). In a multivariate analysis the duration of the Pringle maneuver (p<0.05) and the absence of preconditioning (p<0.05) were independent predictors for the occurrence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS IP protects against reperfusion injury, reduces the incidence of complications after hepatic resection under inflow occlusion and is simple to use in clinical practice.
A Model for Concurrency Using Single-Writer Single-Assignment Variables

This paper describes a model for concurrent computation based on single-writer single-assignment variables. The description is primarily graphical, resembling the interaction nets formalism. The model embodies rules in a process which may require two or more communications from other processes to respond. However, these are managed by a partial evaluation response on receiving a single communication.
Effect of Water Application Methods in Furrow Irrigation Along with Different Types of Mulches on Yield and Water Productivity of Maize (Zea mays l.) at Hawassa, Ethiopia

Water has been identified as one of the scarcest inputs, which can severely restrict agricultural production and productivity unless it is carefully conserved and managed. A field experiment was conducted under dry season conditions to investigate the effects of mulch types and water application methods in furrow irrigation system on water productivity and yield of maize (Zea maysL.) at Hawassa, Southern Nations Nationalities, and Peoples Regional State of Ethiopia. Three types of furrow irrigation methods (alternate, fixed and conventional) and two mulch types (plastic and straw mulch) and no mulch with three replications were used as two factors to evaluate the yield and yield component including water productivity of maize in split-plot design, in which furrow irrigation methods were used as the main plot together with the three mulching techniques were used as sub-plot. Results indicated that different types of furrow irrigation method had a very highly significant (p<0.001) effect on plant height, cob length, cob weight with seed, aboveground biomass, grain yield, and water use efficiency. Types of furrow irrigation method used highly significantly (p<0.01) affected thousand seed weight and harvesting index. Moreover, maize growth, yield and yield components including water productivity were highly significantly (p<0.01) influenced due to different mulch types used.However, there was no interaction effect due to the two factors studied (furrow irrigation method and mulching type). Significantly a higher growth, yield and yield component of maize was recorded due to conventional furrow irrigation method than alternate and fixed furrow irrigation method. Highest yield was scored (9003.8 kg/ha) from conventional furrow irrigation water management method. However, higher water productivity (2.43kg/m) was obtained due to alternate furrow irrigation method. Moreover, higher growth, yield and yield components including water use efficiency were obtained due to plastic mulch than no mulch and straw mulch. Maximum grain yield (8088.9 kg/ha) and water productivity (2.34kg/m) obtained at plastic mulch condition , but the partial budget analysis revealed that straw mulch was economically feasible for farmers than plastic mulch for maize at Hawassa area. Therefore the present study suggests that, for maximizing grain yield under no water stress scenario, irrigation of maize with conventional furrow irrigation methods could be used. On the other hand, under limiting irrigation water condition, irrigation of maize could be done with alternate furrow irrigation method with straw mulch application to minimize evaporation loss and maximize water productivity of maize at Hawassa and similar agro-ecology and soil type.
Genotype and Phenotypes of an Intestine-Adapted Escherichia coli K-12 Mutant Selected by Animal Passage for Superior Colonization

ABSTRACT We previously isolated a spontaneous mutant of Escherichia coli K-12, strain MG1655, following passage through the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine, that has colonization traits superior to the wild-type parent strain (M. P. Leatham et al., Infect. Immun. 73:8039–8049, 2005). This intestine-adapted strain (E. coli MG1655*) grew faster on several different carbon sources than the wild type and was nonmotile due to deletion of the flhD gene. We now report the results of several high-throughput genomic analysis approaches to further characterize E. coli MG1655*. Whole-genome pyrosequencing did not reveal any changes on its genome, aside from the deletion at the flhDC locus, that could explain the colonization advantage of E. coli MG1655*. Microarray analysis revealed modest yet significant induction of catabolic gene systems across the genome in both E. coli MG1655* and an isogenic flhD mutant constructed in the laboratory. Catabolome analysis with Biolog GN2 microplates revealed an enhanced ability of both E. coli MG1655* and the isogenic flhD mutant to oxidize a variety of carbon sources. The results show that intestine-adapted E. coli MG1655* is more fit than the wild type for intestinal colonization, because loss of FlhD results in elevated expression of genes involved in carbon and energy metabolism, resulting in more efficient carbon source utilization and a higher intestinal population. Hence, mutations that enhance metabolic efficiency confer a colonization advantage.