Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Machine-Learning Solutions in Anaerobic Digestion

The use of machine learning (ML) in anaerobic digestion (AD) is growing in popularity and improves the interpretation of complex system parameters for better operation and optimisation. This systematic literature review aims to explore how ML is currently employed in AD, with particular attention to the challenges of implementation and the benefits of integrating ML techniques. While both lab and industry-scale datasets have been used for model training, challenges arise from varied system designs and the different monitoring equipment used. Traditional machine-learning techniques, predominantly artificial neural networks (ANN), are the most commonly used but face difficulties in scalability and interpretability. Specifically, models trained on lab-scale data often struggle to generalize to full-scale, real-world operations due to the complexity and variability in bacterial communities and system operations. In practical scenarios, machine learning can be employed in real-time operations for predictive modelling, ensuring system stability is maintained, resulting in improved efficiency of both biogas production and waste treatment processes. Through reviewing the ML techniques employed in wider applied domains, potential future research opportunities in addressing these challenges have been identified.
Enhanced Model Predictive Current Control-Based Five-Phase PMSM Drive

This article proposes an enhanced model predictive current control (MPCC) scheme for a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) based on the voltage vector preselection. In MPCC, the chosen cost function is evaluated with all available vectors in the control set of a two-level, five-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Thus, conventional MPCC has a major disadvantage of larger computations involving prediction, optimization, and cost function evaluation in a control period. This results in increased computational time of the processor. In this article, an MPCC scheme is proposed to achieve a reduced number of calculations and improved torque and flux response. The proposed method introduces an approach to select an optimal voltage vector using deviation in stator current and the change in stator current vector (CSCV) position. To realize this, a novel criterion for voltage vector selection is proposed using the position and magnitude of per-unit CSCV. The proposed method reduces the ripples in torque and flux due to preselection. The proposed strategy is verified experimentally to find its merit and results are compared with conventional MPCC schemes with 31 vectors, 21 vectors, and 11 vectors, and another MPCC scheme with 16 voltage vectors from recent literature.
ContribuciÓn al conocimiento de la flora de andalucia : Citas novedosas para las provincias de Granada y Almería

Tras numerosas campanas de herborizacion en diversos puntos de Andalucia oriental en el marco de varios proyectos de investigacion, aportamos 25 citas de 17 taxones que suponen la confirmacion de la presencia de dos especies en Andalucia, asi como varias novedades o confirmaciones para algunas comarcas y/o unidades biogeograficas. Se han contrastado las nuevas localizaciones con la bibliografia existente y se discute sobre el estado de conservacion de aquellos taxones raros y/o amenazados. La nomenclatura empleada es la establecida por Flora iberica (Castroviejo et al. [Eds.], 1986-2005), para las familias publicadas y, en su defecto, la Flora Vascular de Andalucia Occidental (Valdes et al. [Eds.], 1987) y Flora Europaea (Tutin et al. [Eds.], 1964-80); excepto para Linaria verticillata, donde se sigue a Saez & Crespo (2005). Todas las coordenadas UTM estan referidas al huso 30S. Los pliegos testigo han sido depositados en los herbarios de las Universidades de Almeria (HUAL) y de Murcia (MUB).
Applying multi-wavelength, multi-polarimetric and interferometric airborne radar data for geological mapping in densely forested north-western Tasmania

Geological mapping within densely forested north-western Tasmania presents problems with access that requires the assistance of remote sensing geophysical technologies. Airborne multi-wavelength, multi-polarimetric and interferometric radar data (NASA’s topographic synthetic aperture radar (TOPSAR)) was applied and compared with geophysical, topographic and vegetation classification information to evaluate its potential to assist in the upgrading of existing published geological mapping. Detailed statistical analysis assessing the accuracy of TOPSAR interferometric imagery showed its reliability with only a small dependence on geological lithological units apparent. The finer 5 m resolution TOPSAR data (C-VV InSAR digital elevation model (DEM)) also reveals information about dykes, lineaments and possible structural trends, not seen in the coarser 30 m resolution shuttle radar topographic mission (SRTM) data. Other sources of DEMs are available, such as LiDAR (light detection and ranging), but at a much higher cost. The longer wavelength P band radar with a horizontal–vertical polarisation (P-HV), also shows improvement over shorter wavelength C and L band radar for mapping lineaments and ground cover related to geological units and/or their geobotanical associations. The use of detailed vegetation classification information is recommended as part of any geological interpretation of such multi-wavelength and multi-polarimetric radar data. Airborne multi-wavelength, multi-polarimetric and interferometric radar data (NASA’s AIRSAR/TOPSAR) was processed and applied for geological mapping within densely forested north-western Tasmania. The results successfully compared with geophysical, topographic and vegetation classification information and showed the potential of such data to assist in the upgrading of existing published geological mapping.
A Note on the Constitutive Law for Sea Ice

Abstract The derivation of a constitutive law to describe large-scale sea-ice deformation commonly uses the so-called “flow rule”. This method introduces a mathematically imposed relationship between shear strength and dilatation which is not based on physical postulates. In this note a more general procedure is described which uses the Reiner–Rivlin equation as a starting point. The method is illustrated by deriving a particular constitutive law and applying it to a simple problem of sea ice blown against a shoreline.
Measuring the detuning angles of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using a large divergence angle beam

Abstract. Measuring the detuning angle distribution within the full aperture of a large-aperture potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal is of great engineering importance for improving its frequency conversion efficiency. To improve the measurement speed of the crystal detuning angle, we propose a measurement method based on a flattened Gaussian beam with a large divergence angle. Theoretical simulation shows that the detuning angle of the KDP crystal is linearly related to the vertical position of the maximum light intensity of the second-harmonic laser when using this method. Experimental results confirm our theoretical analysis and show a relative measurement error of 1.32%, which meet the requirements of engineering applications. This measurement method saves 96% of the measurement time of the detuning angle of a single point within the aperture of the KDP crystal, enabling us to measure more points in a limited time, thus improving the measurement accuracy of the detuning angles over the full aperture of the KDP crystals.
Causes of Extreme Ridges That Induce California Droughts

AbstractCalifornia droughts are often caused by high-amplitude and persistent ridges near and off the west coast of North America without apparent connections with ENSO. Here with a hierarchy of climate models, it is demonstrated that extreme ridges in this region are associated with a continuum of zonal wavenumber-5 circumglobal teleconnection patterns that originate from midlatitude atmospheric internal dynamics. Although tropical diabatic heating anomalies are not essential to the formation and maintenance of these wave patterns, certain persistent heating anomalies may double the probability of ridges with amplitudes in the 90th percentile occurring on interannual time scales. Those heating anomalies can be caused by either natural variability or possibly by climate change, and they do not necessarily depend on ENSO. The extreme ridges that occurred during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 winters could be examples of ridges produced by heating anomalies that are not associated with ENSO. This mechanism could p.
Kraft Lignin Electro-Oxidation under Ambient Temperature and Pressure

Lignin is the largest natural source of aromatic chemicals. Due to its complex polymeric structure, Kraft lignin is under-utilized and usually combusted for heat generation, thus resulting in CO2 emissions in the Kraft process. To valorize lignin with renewable electricity and to convert it into value-added aromatic chemicals, efficient electrochemical methods need to be discovered, based not only on its apparent yield of building block chemicals but also on its energy efficiency. In this study, the electro-oxidative performance of six different metals was systematically evaluated. The results showed that the synthesized Ni-based catalyst can increase the vanillin and vanillic acid apparent yield by 50–60% compared to when Ni-based catalyst is absent. We also found that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is more than a competing reaction since the presence of oxygen synergistically aids oxidation of the lignin to increase aromatic chemical production by 63% compared to the sum of vanillin generation from both voltage-only and oxygen-only scenarios. With the novel proposed notion of charge efficiency, we showed that utilizing a thinner layer of Ni catalyst balances the OER and the oxidative reaction of lignin, thus improving the charge efficiency for vanillin by 22%
Corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of plasma nitrided AA7075 - T651

The 7075 aluminum alloy in T651 presents interesting properties in high stressed applications, however, it has low surface properties of hardness and chemical stability. Plasma nitriding is an alternative method of raising surface hardness, fatigue resistance, wear and corrosion of alloys. In this work the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior of AA7075 - T651 with plasma nitriding treatment were studied in comparison untreated alloy. Corrosion behavior was investigated in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution at room temperature performing potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Tribocorrosion behavior was investigated using a ball-on-plate tribometer, against an alumina ball, under 1 N normal load and 1 Hz frequency in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution at room temperature. The corrosion results showed that both conditions exhibited pitting corrosion that occured at corrosion potential. The plasma nitrided alloy presented a concentrated and consequently accelerated corrosion process in the fault regions of the layer formed and the formation of a layer of corrosion products that can act as extra protection. The tribocorrosion results for plasma nitrided alloy indicated a slightly more stable behavior, showing no significant changes in the electrochemical potential during the tribocorrosion test, together with a slightly lower volume and rate of wear.
Factores personales del alumnado que predicen el rendimiento en matemáticas en Educación Primaria en Estados Unidos

El objetivo de este artículo es predecir la influencia de los factores personales del alumnado sobre el rendimiento en matemáticas en Educación Primaria. Se trata de un estudio ex-post-facto que utiliza la base de datos del estudio TIMSS 2019 en Estados Unidos. La muestra está formada por 8601 estudiantes estadounidenses de 4º de Educación Primaria (50,45% niños; 49,54% niñas). Se realizaron un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) de los 24 ítems del cuestionario del alumnado sobre el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas (KMO= .952). Se identificaron cuatro factores: actitud, ansiedad, autoeficacia del alumnado y actitud del profesorado. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para predecir la influencia de los factores de los estudiantes en el rendimiento matemático. Los resultados muestran que la autoeficacia es el factor que más contribuye al rendimiento y en el que se encuentran más diferencias de género, seguido de la ansiedad matemática, a favor de los chicos, que explica la brecha de género en Estados Unidos. La actitud del profesor, el segundo factor que más contribuye al rendimiento, refuerza tanto la actitud del alumnado como su autoeficacia. El número de libros en casa tiene un gran efecto sobre el rendimiento del alumnado. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de plantear la enseñanza de las matemáticas desde un enfoque más práctico y dotar de más recursos a las escuelas en contextos desfavorecidos.
Common Knowledge? Public Understanding of Climate Change in Newcastle, Australia

This paper argues that public understanding of climate change not only involves knowledge of its physical processes, but also encompasses wider issues concerning the relation between society and nature. It examines the conclusions of previous research, and assumptions made within the policy community concerning public understanding of climate change. It is argued that in each case, in accordance with the information deficit model, recorded levels of ignorance are seen as a barrier to effective public involvement in the policy process. This view is challenged by research findings from Newcastle, Australia. Public understanding of global environmental issues drew not only on scientific information, but also on local knowledges, values, and moral responsibilities. Further, respondents connected the issue to their communities, and suggested that individual action is morally sanctioned, despite concerns for the efficacy of such action and the lack of government or industry support. Where institutional realignment has occurred to provide renewable energy to householders, public involvement has been forthcoming. These findings suggest that rather than focus on the provision of information, policy attention should be directed to the social and institutional barriers that act to constrain public involvement in addressing global environmental issues.
The Cavernous Nerve Injury Rat Model: A Pictorial Essay on Post-Radical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction Research

Understanding and addressing post-radical prostatectomy (RP) erectile dysfunction (ED) is of paramount importance for clinicians. Cavernous nerve (CN) injury rat model studies have provided consistently promising experimental data regarding regaining erectile function (EF) after nerve damage-induced ED. However, these findings have failed to translate efficiently into clinical practice, with post-RP ED therapeutic management remaining cumbersome and enigmatic. This disparity highlights the need for further standardization and optimization of the elaborate surgical preparation protocols and multifaceted reporting parameters involved in reliable CN injury rat model experimentation. Even so, despite its technical complexity, this animal model remains instrumental in exploring the functional implications of RP, i.e., surgical lesions of the neurovascular bundles (NVBs). Herein, besides cavernous nerve (CN) dissection, injury, and electrostimulation, multiple pressure measurements, i.e., mean arterial pressure (MAP) and intra-cavernosal pressure (ICP), must also be achieved. A transverse cervical incision allows for carotid artery cannulation and MAP measurements. Conversely, ICP measurements entail circumcising the penis, exposing the ischiocavernous muscle, and inserting a needle into the corporal body. Finally, using an abdominal incision, the prostate is revealed, and the major pelvic ganglia (MPG) and CNs are dissected bilaterally. Specific surgical techniques are used to induce CN injuries. Herein, we provide a narrative and illustrative overview regarding these complex experimental procedures and their particular requirements, reflecting on current evidence and future research perspectives.
Basic laws of the interactive coupling system of urbanization and ecological environment

There is an objective dynamic coupling relation between urbanization and ecological environment.This kind of coupling relation can be regarded as an on-limits and non-equilibrium dynamic fluctuating system with non-linear interaction and self-organization capability.We called the system as the interactive coupling system of urbanization and ecological environment.According to the Dissipative Structure Theory and the Ecosystem Need Laws,this paper analyzes theoretically the six basic laws of the interactive coupling system of urbanization and ecological environment,namely the coupling fission law,dynamic hierarchy law,stochastic fluctuations law,non-linear synergetic law,threshold value law and forewarning law.The six major laws are the basic laws that must be followed in the research on the interactive coupling process between urbanization and ecological environment.They have important theoretical guiding significance to reveal the interactive coercing relation and dynamic coupling relation between urbanization and ecological environment.
Similarities and Differences in Arctic Sea‐Ice Loss During the Solar‐Forced Last Interglacial Warming (127 Kyr BP) and CO2‐Forced Future Warming

Based on a 7‐member global circulation model ensemble from CMIP6/PMIP4, we compare the regional distribution of Arctic sea ice between a simulation representing the Last Interglacial (LIG) climate, with solar‐forced warming, and an idealized future CO2‐forced simulation with a similar annual sea‐ice volume. The two simulations feature small but robust differences in the Central Arctic and Baffin Bay during summer, and larger differences at the sea‐ice margins in the sub‐Arctic Atlantic and North Pacific sectors during winter. Our results indicate that, under both forcings, sea ice persists north of Greenland until late summer, suggesting that the assumption that this region is the “Last Ice Area” is robust and holds for other climate states. However, we show that processes influencing sea‐ice distribution in winter, such as Atlantification and sea‐ice drift, differ and need to be further investigated.
Use of mobile applications in the management of overweight and obesity in primary and secondary care

Summary Mobile technology has emerged as a potentially useful application in the process of facilitating weight loss management. While several empirical studies have demonstrated the positive effects of mobile-based interventions, the extent of such effectiveness is still a topic of debate. Thus, the current systematic review involved searching electronic databases for studies on the use of mobile app-based interventions in the management of overweight and obesity among adults over 18 years of age in a primary and secondary care setting. The results of the review revealed that mobile apps are effective tools for weight loss management and sustaining such loss when compared to standard interventions. However, further research is needed to consider the sustained benefits and the applicability of mobile app-based interventions for large-scale population coverage.
“Supportive” Friends vs. “Toxic” Friends: Aspects of Friendship Promoting and Hindering Youth Mental Health during Covid-19 Pandemic

This research aimed to explore the factors that promote and hinder youth’s mental health during the pandemic. A total of 151 participants (79% female) aged 18-30 years completed an online survey included open-ended questions about their friendship experience. Thematic analysis using an inductive approach yielded several themes. Social support, communication, quality time, openness, emotional bonds, empathy, guidance, and advice were identified as relational aspects that promote mental health. Lack of social support, ineffective communication, emotional and physical distance, and conflicts were identified as relational aspects hindering mental health. Toxic relationship tendencies, such as judgment and imposition, were also considered detrimental to mental health. Furthermore, personal aspects such as integrity in friendship were perceived as positive for mental health, while certain negative personality traits, negative feelings, and thoughts were seen as harmful. The way young people define supportive friends versus "toxic" friends can differ across contexts other than pandemic.
Association of Sleep Duration and Change Over Time With Imaging Biomarkers of Cerebrovascular, Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegenerative Pathology

Background and Objectives Both short and long sleep duration were previously associated with incident dementia, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated how self-reported sleep duration and its change over time associate with (A)myloid, (T)au, (N)eurodegeneration, and (V)ascular neuroimaging markers of Alzheimer disease. Methods Two Framingham Heart Study overlapping samples were studied: participants who underwent 11C-Pittsburg Compound B amyloid and 18F-flortaucipir tau PET imaging and participants who underwent an MRI. MRI metrics estimated neurodegeneration (total brain volume) and cerebrovascular injuries (white matter hyperintensities [WMHs] volume, covert brain infarcts, free-water [FW] fraction). Self-reported sleep duration was assessed and split into categories both at the time of neuroimaging testing and approximately 13 years before: short ≤6 hours. average 7–8 hours, and long ≥9 hours. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine sleep duration and neuroimaging metrics. Results The tested cohort was composed of 271 participants (age 53.6 ± 8.0 years; 51% male) in the PET imaging sample and 2,165 participants (age 61.3 ± 11.1 years; 45% male) in the MRI sample. No fully adjusted association was observed between cross-sectional sleep duration and neuroimaging metrics. In fully adjusted models compared with consistently sleeping 7–8 hours, groups transitioning to a longer sleep duration category over time had higher FW fraction (short to average β [SE] 0.0062 [0.0024], p = 0.009; short to long β [SE] 0.0164 [0.0076], p = 0.031; average to long β [SE] 0.0083 [0.0022], p = 0.002), and those specifically going from average to long sleep duration also had higher WMH burden (β [SE] 0.29 [0.11], p = 0.007). The opposite associations (lower WMH and FW) were observed in participants consistently sleeping ≥9 hours as compared with people consistently sleeping 7–8 hours in fully adjusted models (β [SE] −0.43 [0.20], p = 0.028; β [SE] −0.019 [0.004], p = 0.020). Each hour of increasing sleep (continuous, β [SE] 0.12 [0.04], p = 0.003; β [SE] 0.002 [0.001], p = 0.021) and extensive increase in sleep duration (≥2 hours vs 0 ± 1 hour change; β [SE] 0.24 [0.10], p = 0.019; β [SE] 0.0081 [0.0025], p = 0.001) over time was associated with higher WMH burden and FW fraction in fully adjusted models. Sleep duration change was not associated with PET amyloid or tau outcomes. Discussion Longer self-reported sleep duration over time was associated with neuroimaging biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathology as evidenced by higher WMH burden and FW fraction. A longer sleep duration extending over time may be an early change in the neurodegenerative trajectory.