Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological care of women with a family history of breast cancer

In parallel to the development of clinical cancer genetics services for women with a significant history of breast cancer, there has been a growing need to identify the psychological sequelae to risk ascertainment, predictive genetic testing and preventive breast surgery. The organisation and structure of cancer genetics clinics vary widely both nationally and across Europe, as does the level of integration of psychological care: available research shows little variation in psychosocial outcomes but cultural factors affect attitudes to and uptake of predictive testing and preventive surgery. There is general agreement that risk counselling can be beneficial without inducing or increasing psychological morbidity. Health professionals in cancer genetic counselling, testing and risk management services increasingly use clinical protocols and professional guidelines.Routine psychological support is not required for the majority of women with a family history of breast cancer, but access to psychological services should be in place for women with high distress relating to the family history or those undergoing predictive testing or preventive surgery. Genetics staff should be aware of potential adverse psychological consequences of risk assessment and risk management interventions, and be adequately trained to elicit women´s concerns and involve psychosocial colleagues where appropriate.
Use of relevant indicators of Correspondence Analysis to improve image retrieval

We are concerned by the use of Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) for image retrieval. FCA is designed for analyzing contingency tables. For adapting FCA on images, we first define “visual words” computed from Scalable Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors in images and use them for image quantization. At this step, we can build a contingency table crossing “visual words” as terms/words and images as documents. The method was tested on the Caltech4 and Stewénius and Nistér datasets on which it provides better results (quality of results and execution time) than classical methods as tf*idf or Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA). To scale up and improve the retrieval quality, we propose a new retrieval schema using inverted files based on the relevant indicators of Correspondence Analysis (quality of representation and contribution to inertia). The numerical experiments show that our algorithm performs faster than the exhaustive method without losing precision.
An image analysis system for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence lymph imaging

Quantitative analysis of lymphatic function is crucial for understanding the lymphatic system and diagnosing the associated diseases. Recently, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging system is developed for real-time imaging lymphatic propulsion by intradermal injection of microdose of a NIR fluorophore distal to the lymphatics of interest. However, the previous analysis software3, 4 is underdeveloped, requiring extensive time and effort to analyze a NIR image sequence. In this paper, we develop a number of image processing techniques to automate the data analysis workflow, including an object tracking algorithm to stabilize the subject and remove the motion artifacts, an image representation named flow map to characterize lymphatic flow more reliably, and an automatic algorithm to compute lymph velocity and frequency of propulsion. By integrating all these techniques to a system, the analysis workflow significantly reduces the amount of required user interaction and improves the reliability of the measurement.
Learning with $\ell^{0}$-Graph: $\ell^{0}$-Induced Sparse Subspace Clustering

Sparse subspace clustering methods, such as Sparse Subspace Clustering (SSC) \cite{ElhamifarV13} and $\ell^{1}$-graph \cite{YanW09,ChengYYFH10}, are effective in partitioning the data that lie in a union of subspaces. Most of those methods use $\ell^{1}$-norm or $\ell^{2}$-norm with thresholding to impose the sparsity of the constructed sparse similarity graph, and certain assumptions, e.g. independence or disjointness, on the subspaces are required to obtain the subspace-sparse representation, which is the key to their success. Such assumptions are not guaranteed to hold in practice and they limit the application of sparse subspace clustering on subspaces with general location. In this paper, we propose a new sparse subspace clustering method named $\ell^{0}$-graph. In contrast to the required assumptions on subspaces for most existing sparse subspace clustering methods, it is proved that subspace-sparse representation can be obtained by $\ell^{0}$-graph for arbitrary distinct underlying subspaces almost surely under the mild i.i. d. assumption on the data generation. We develop a proximal method to obtain the sub-optimal solution to the optimization problem of $\ell^{0}$-graph with proved guarantee of convergence. Moreover, we propose a regularized $\ell^{0}$-graph that encourages nearby data to have similar neighbors so that the similarity graph is more aligned within each cluster and the graph connectivity issue is alleviated. Extensive experimental results on various data sets demonstrate the superiority of $\ell^{0}$-graph compared to other competing clustering methods, as well as the effectiveness of regularized $\ell^{0}$-graph.
Multiple sclerosis and autoimmune diseases.

Summary: Disease associations provide useful aetiological clues in relation to diseases of unknown causation; this holds particularly for auto-immune disorders which tend to occur together in individuals and in related family members. Nine patients suffering from both multiple sclerosis and presumed auto-immune disorder were found from a survey of case records of 326 patients with multiple sclerosis admitted to a large city hospital between 1955 and 1970. There was autoimmune disease affecting the thyroid gland in four cases, the stomach in two and the adrenal gland in one, and there were two cases of rheumatoid arthritis and one of pemphigus vulgaris. Such associations are relevant to the concept of an auto-immune pathogenesis for multiple sclerosis, but with reservations based on the uncertain prevalence of these diseases in Australia and the ascertainment errors inherent in this type of study.
Label transfer exploiting three-dimensional structure for semantic segmentation

This paper deals with the problem of computing a semantic segmentation of an image via label transfer from an already labeled image set. In particular it proposes a method that takes advantage of sparse 3D structure to infer the category of superpixel in the novel image. The label assignment is computed by a Markov random field that has the superpixels of the image as nodes. The data term combines labeling proposals from the appearance of the superpixel and from the 3D structure, while the pairwise term incorporates spatial context, both in the image and in 3D space. Exploratory results indicate that 3D structure, albeit sparse, improves the process of label transfer.
Mental retardation and concurrent psychiatric disorder: assessment and treatment

Purpose of review To summarize recent research on mental health and challenging behaviors in people with learning disabilities. Recent findings The assessment of dual diagnosis has expanded, has a better empirical basis, and has begun to focus on specific psychiatric disorders. A wide range of methods of prevention now exist, including better program design, teaching skills, building social support, teaching coping skills, and staff training and support. Treatment literature is more limited, with few well-designed medication trials and little attention to rehabilitation. Interventions based on applied behavior analysis have the strongest empirical basis, although there is some evidence that other therapies have promise. Summary Dual diagnosis continues to be a maturing area of research and practice. Future research should attend to developing and validating evidence-based treatments and other interventions.
The effects of ethanol (0.75 g/kg body weight) on the activities of selected enzymes in sera of healthy young adults: 1. Intermediate-term effects.

We report the intermediate-term effects of three consecutive evenings of moderate ethanol ingestion (0.75 g/kg body weight each evening) on activity values for alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in sera of nine apparently healthy young adults. We define "intermediate-term" effects as those occurring between 10 h and 100 h after completion of the ethanol consumption schedule. The most pronounced changes in enzyme activity for the group of volunteers were: gamma-glutamyltransferase, +25% at 60 h after ethanol ingestion; alanine aminotransferase, +12% at 60 h after ethanol; and aspartate aminotransferase,--12% at 60 h after ethanol. All three enzymes exhibited similar time courses, i.e., mean peak activity changes were observed at 60 h, and all three mean enzyme activity values returned to near baseline by 100 h. The possible explanations for the observed changes and the clinical significance are discussed.
Acoustic waves in the vicinity of the normal to the surface of piezoelectric crystals

The acoustic wave propagation in the vicinity of the normal to the plane surface confining a piezoelectric crystal of arbitrary symmetry is theoretically studied. An octet formalism arid a perturbation theory have been put forward to describe the wave fields in the region of concern. The developed mathematical approach has been applied to several problems. Specifically, the derivation of the transfer matrix for the normal direction to the surface has been discussed. Furthermore, we have discussed how to estimate the electric potential induced outside the piezoelectric material by a normally incident wave. In addition, an analytical expression has been derived for the numerical factor in the function describing the asymptotic behavior of quasielectrostatic Green's function for half-infinite piezoelectric substrates at small values of the wave vector
MnSOD Deficiency Increases Endothelial Dysfunction in ApoE-Deficient Mice

Objective—In mice that are heterozygous for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2+/−) with apoE deficiency (apoE−/−), mitochondrial DNA damage increases formation of atherosclerotic lesions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SOD2 provides protection against increased vascular superoxide and endothelial dysfunction in apoE-deficient mice. Methods and Results—Four groups of mice [apoE−/−/SOD2+/− (apoe/sod2), apoE−/−/SOD2+/+ (apoe/SOD2), apoE+/+/SOD2+/− (apoE/sod2), and apoE+/+/SOD2+/+ (apoE/SOD2)] were fed normal chow diet, and studied at 15 to 17 months of age. Serum cholesterol levels were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, and also were similar in apoE/sod2 and apoE/SOD2 mice. Intimal area was increased in aorta, but not carotid artery, of apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67±5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31±3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Tiron improved relaxation to acetylcholine. In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. Conclusion—SOD2 protects against oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in carotid artery of apoE-deficient mice.
Early cognitive decline in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with human growth hormone treatment

Background: Most cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in recipients of human cadaveric growth hormone present with a cerebellar syndrome. Dementia is thought to occur late and as a minor feature of the illness. However, neuropsychology data published on these cases are largely qualitative and anecdotal. The first published case does include a neuropsychological assessment seven months after the onset of a cerebellar syndrome, showing evidence of intellectual decline. Subsequent reports hint that cognitive problems may be present in the initial stages of the illness. Objective: To assess early cognition in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in recipients of pituitary derived human growth hormone. Methods: Detailed neuropsychology assessment is reported at referral (mean 4.5 months from the onset of symptoms; range 4 to 6 months) in five patients with histologically proven human growth hormone derived CJD. Results: All cases presented with a cerebellar syndrome and only one had noticed mild memory problems. On formal testing, however, four had demonstrable mild intellectual decline, as measured on the WAIS-R. One case showed selective visual memory impairment and frontal executive dysfunction. Conclusions: These findings suggest that, although not the presenting feature, mild cognitive decline may be evident in the early stages of CJD associated with human cadaveric growth hormone treatment.
Cooperative adaptive cruise control of connected and autonomous vehicles subject to input saturation

This paper proposes a novel solution to the cooperative adaptive cruise control problem of a platoon of connected and autonomous vehicles. A low-gain control algorithm is designed to accommodate the requirement of the input saturation. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed computational control algorithm is demonstrated via numerical simulations.
Précis of The evolution of human sexuality

Abstract Patterns in the data on human sexuality support the hypothesis that the bases of sexual emotions are products of natural selection. Most generally, the universal existence of laws, rules, and gossip about sex, the pervasive interest in other people's sex lives, the widespread seeking of privacy for sexual intercourse, and the secrecy that normally permeates sexual conduct imply a history of reproductive competition. More specifically, the typical differences between men and women in sexual feelings can be explained most parsimoniously as resulting from the extraordinarily different reproductive opportunities and constraints males and females normally encountered during the course of evolutionary history. Men are more likely than women to desire multiple mates; to desire a variety of sexual partners; to experience sexual jealousy of a spouse irrespective of specific circumstances; to be sexually aroused by the sight of a member of the other sex; to experience an autonomous desire for sexual intercourse; and to evaluate sexual desirability primarily on the bases of physical appearance and youth. The evolutionary causes of human sexuality have been obscured by attempts to find harmony in natural creative processes and human social life and to view sex differences as complementary. The human female's capacity for orgasm and the loss of estrus, for example, have been persistently interpreted as marriage-maintaining adaptations. Available evidence is more consistent with the view that few sex differences in sexuality are complementary, that many aspects of sexuality undermine marriage, and that sexuality is less a unifying than a divisive force in human affairs.
Aesthetic Appraisal of Art - from Eye Movements to Computers

By looking at a work of art, an observer enters into a dialogue. In this work, we attempt to analyze this dialogue with both behavioral and computational tools. In two experiments, observers were asked to look at a large number of paintings from different art periods and to rate their visual complexity, or their aesthetic appeal. During these two tasks, their eye movements were recorded. The complexity and aesthetic ratings show clear preferences for certain artistic styles and were based on both low-level and high-level criteria. Eye movements reveal the time course of the aesthetic dialogue as observers try to interpret and understand the painting. Computational analyses of both the ratings (using measures derived from information theory) and the eye tracking data (using two models of saliency) showed that our computational tools are already able to explain some properties of this dialogue.
Text-to-speech accommodations for the reading challenges of adults with traumatic brain injury

Abstract Objective: This study’s purpose was two-fold: (a) to confirm differences in silent reading rates of individuals with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) and (b) to determine the effect of text-to-speech (TTS) on reading comprehension and efficiency by individuals with TBI. Design and methods: Ten adults with severe TBI answered comprehension questions about written passages presented in three conditions: reading only (RO), listening to TTS presentation only (LO) or reading and listening to TTS simultaneously (RL). The researchers compared reading rate, comprehension accuracy and comprehension rate (efficiency) across conditions. Results: Analysis revealed significantly slower silent reading rates for the participants with TBI than for readers without TBI (n = 75). Also, participants with TBI achieved higher comprehension accuracy for factual than inferential questions; however, no significant main effect for comprehension accuracy emerged across reading conditions. In contrast, using comprehension rate as the dependent measure, analysis confirmed a significant main effect for reading condition and question type; post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that the RL condition yielded higher comprehension rate scores than the RO condition. Conclusions: As a group, adults with TBI appear to benefit in reading efficiency when simultaneously listening to and reading written passages; however, differences exist that reinforce the importance of individualizing treatment.
Selective Expression of a Sodium Pump Isozyme by Cough Receptors and Evidence for Its Essential Role in Regulating Cough

We have identified a distinct subtype of airway vagal afferent nerve that plays an essential role in regulating the cough reflex. These afferents are exquisitely sensitive to punctate mechanical stimuli, acid, and decreases in extracellular chloride concentrations, but are insensitive to capsaicin, bradykinin, histamine, adenosine, serotonin, or changes in airway intraluminal pressures. In this study we used intravital imaging, retrograde neuronal tracing, and electrophysiological analyses to characterize the structural basis for their peculiar mechanical sensitivity and to further characterize the regulation of their excitability. In completing these experiments, we uncovered evidence for an essential role of an isozyme of Na+-K+ ATPase in regulating cough. These vagal sensory neurons arise bilaterally from the nodose ganglia and are selectively and brilliantly stained intravitally with the styryl dye FM2-10. Cough receptor terminations are confined and adherent to the extracellular matrix separating the airway epithelium and smooth muscle layers, a site of extensive remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The cough receptor terminals uniquely express the α3 subunit of Na+-K+ ATPase. Intravital staining of cough receptors by FM2-10, cough receptor excitability in vitro, and coughing in vivo are potently and selectively inhibited by the sodium pump inhibitor ouabain. These data provide the first detailed morphological description of the peripheral terminals of the sensory nerves regulating cough and identify a selective molecular target for their modulation.
Environmentally-shaped colored spreading sequences for robust wireless communications

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum modulation is widely used in wireless commercial communication systems for code division multiple-access supporting multiple users simultaneously. The spreading sequences employed are often drawn from a finite set of spreading sequences that are orthogonal or exhibit good cross-correlation properties and therefore mitigate interference caused by simultaneous multiple users, i.e. multi-access interference. However multi-access interference is one of many interference regimes that must be addressed. Often, other external interference sources may have adverse effects on a multi-user wireless system. Traditional spreading codes combat external interference sources through processing gain, however when processing gain is not sufficient unacceptable performance results. The proliferation of software defined radios permit programmatically generated modulation schema and therefore motivate the use of spreading sequences that are environmentally-shaped and robust against additive colored interference sources. We demonstrate improvements in wireless communications performance when comparing environmentally-shaped colored spreading sequences against commonly used pseudo random noise spreading sequences.
Mammary Cells with Active Wnt Signaling Resist ErbB2-Induced Tumorigenesis

Aberrant activation of Wnt signaling is frequent in human malignancies. In normal epithelial tissues, including the breast, Wnt signaling is active only in a subset of cells, but it is unknown whether this subset of Wnt signaling-active cells is at increased risk of carcinogenesis. We created transgenic mice (TOP-tva) in which the synthetic Wnt-responsive promoter TOP controlled the gene encoding TVA, which confers susceptibility to infection by the retroviral vector RCAS. Thus, only cells in which Wnt signaling is active will express tva and be targeted by RCAS. Surprisingly, we found that RCAS-mediated delivery of cDNA encoding a constitutively activated version of ErbB2 (HER2/Neu) into the small number of TVA+ mammary epithelial cells in TOP-tva mice failed to induce tumor, while the same virus readily induced mammary tumors after it was delivered into a comparable number of cells in our previously reported mouse line MMTV-tva, whose tva is broadly expressed in mammary epithelium. Furthermore, we could not even detect any early lesions or infected cells in TOP-tva mice at the time of necropsy. Therefore, we conclude that the Wnt pathway-active cell subset in the normal mammary epithelium does not evolve into tumors following ErbB2 activation–rather, they apparently die due to apoptosis, an anticancer “barrier” that we have reported to be erected in some mammary cells followed ErbB2 activation. In accord with these mouse model data, we found that unlike the basal subtype, ErbB2+ human breast cancers rarely involve aberrant activation of Wnt signaling. This is the first report of a defined sub-population of mammalian cells that is “protected” from tumorigenesis by a potent oncogene, and provides direct in vivo evidence that mammary epithelial cells are not equal in their response to oncogene-initiated transformation.