Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why behaviour patterns that animals learn socially are locally adaptive

Recent models of the social transmission of behaviour by animals have repeatedly led their authors to the counterintuitive (and counterfactual) conclusion that traditional behaviour patterns in animals are often not locally adaptive. This deduction results from the assumption in such models that frequency of expression of socially learned behaviour patterns is not aVected by rewards or punishments contingent upon their expression. An alternative approach to analysis of social learning processes, based on Staddon-Simmelhag's conditioning model, is proposed here. It is assumed that social interactions aVect the probability of introduction of novel behaviour patterns into a naive individual's repertoire and that consequences of engaging in a socially learned behaviour determine whether that behaviour continues to be expressed. Review of several recently analysed instances of animal social learning suggests that distinguishing processes that introduce behaviour patterns into the repertoires of individuals from processes that select among behavioural alternatives aids in understanding observed diVerences in the longevity of various traditional behaviour patterns studied in both laboratory and field. Finally, implications of the present approach for understanding the role of social learning in evolutionary process are discussed.
The effect of myosin antibody on the division of starfish blastomeres

Antiserum against starfish egg myosin was produced in rabbits. Antibody specificity to myosin was demonstrated by Ouchterlony's immunodiffusion test and by immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The latter technique showed that the antibody binds to both heavy and light chains of egg myosin. Furthermore, the antibody reacted with starfish sperm mysosin and starfish adult muscle myosin at both the heavy and light chains. It did not react with bovine platelet mysosin or rabbit skeletal muscle myosin in Ouchterlony's test; however, a weak reaction was observed in the presence of SDS between the antibody and these myosin heavy chains. Ca- and Mg-ATPase activities of egg myosin were not affected by the antibody, but it did inhibit actin-activated ATPase activity of egg myosin. Microinjection of the antibody into blastomeres of starfish eggs at the two-cell stage was carried out. Anti-egg myosin γ-globulin inhibited the subsequent cleavages at an amount of more than 0.3 ng when injected at interphase. The inhibition was reduced when the injection was carried out near the initiation of cleavage. At the onset of the second cleavage the antibody was not inhibitory; however, an appropriate amount inhibited the third cleavage. Although the disappearance of the nuclear membrane was observed in the presence of the antibody, the formation of the mitotic apparatus was more or less disturbed. However the formation of daughter nuclei seemed to be scarcely affected by the antibody except that the distance between the nuclei was significantly smaller than normal.
Caffeine: Cognitive and Physical Performance Enhancer or Psychoactive Drug?

Caffeine use is increasing worldwide. The underlying motivations are mainly concentration and memory enhancement and physical performance improvement. Coffee and caffeine-containing products affect the cardiovascular system, with their positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and the central nervous system, with their locomotor activity stimulation and anxiogenic-like effects. Thus, it is of interest to examine whether these effects could be detrimental for health. Furthermore, caffeine abuse and dependence are becoming more and more common and can lead to caffeine intoxication, which puts individuals at risk for premature and unnatural death. The present review summarizes the main findings concerning caffeine’s mechanisms of action (focusing on adenosine antagonism, intracellular calcium mobilization, and phosphodiesterases inhibition), use, abuse, dependence, intoxication, and lethal effects. It also suggests that the concepts of toxic and lethal doses are relative, since doses below the toxic and/or lethal range may play a causal role in intoxication or death. This could be due to caffeine’s interaction with other substances or to the individuals' preexisting metabolism alterations or diseases.
Diagonal vectorisation of 2-D wavelet lifting

With the start of the widespread use of discrete wavelet transform in image processing, the need for its efficient implementation is becoming increasingly more important. This work presents a novel SIMD vectorisation of 2-D discrete wavelet transform through a lifting scheme. For all of the tested platforms, this vectorisation is significantly faster than other known methods, as shown in the results of the experiments.
From dissonance to resonance: cognitive interdependence in quantitative finance

Abstract This study explores the elusive social dimension of quantitative finance. We conducted three years of observations in the derivatives trading room of a major investment bank. We found that traders use models to translate stock prices into estimates of what their rivals think. Traders use these estimates to look out for possible errors in their own models. We found that this practice, reflexive modelling, enhances returns by turning prices into a vehicle for distributed cognition. But it also induces a dangerous form of cognitive interdependence: when enough traders overlook a key issue, their positions give misplaced reassurance to those traders that think similarly, disrupting their reflexive processes. In cases lacking diversity, dissonance thus gives way to resonance. Our analysis demonstrates how practices born in caution can lead to overconfidence and collective failure. We contribute to economic sociology by developing a socio-technical account that grapples with the new forms of sociality introduced by financial models – disembedded yet entangled; anonymous yet collective; impersonal yet, nevertheless, emphatically social.
Enterovirus infection among patients admitted to hospital in Hong Kong in 2010: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and importance of molecular diagnosis

The activity of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Hong Kong was high in 2010. Real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) had been performed routinely for diagnosis of enterovirus (EV) infection among hospitals in a geographical cluster. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology and the clinical pattern of EV‐related hospital admission in 2010, and evaluate the impact of RT‐PCR compared to conventional method. This was a retrospective study and patients with laboratory confirmed EV infection were included. Demographic information, clinical features, complications, and laboratory findings were analyzed. Among the 113 patients identified, HFMD was the most common presentation (84/113, 74%), followed by meningitis (10/113, 9%). Respiratory (52/113, 46%) and gastrointestinal symptoms like vomiting (36/113, 32%) and diarrhea (15/113, 13%) were quite common. For cases with central nervous system (CNS) or myocardial complications, there were significantly fewer oral ulcer and rash over hands and feet compared to their counter group. Serious infection mainly affected children younger than 1‐year old and adults. Dual infection was noted among seven patients (6%). Compared to RT‐PCR, conventional virus isolation detected only 14–16% of the infections. The relative low culture positive rate could be explained by the circulation of Coxsackie A6 in 2010 which was difficult to be isolated by cell culture. Diagnosis of EV infection among hospitalized patients may not be straightforward. EV RT‐PCR significantly improved laboratory diagnosis and delineation of epidemiology of EV infection compared to conventional methods. J Med. Virol. 85:1811–1817, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social Odometry: Imitation Based Odometry in Collective Robotics

The improvement of odometry systems in collective robotics remains an important challenge for several applications. Social odometry is an online social dynamics which confers the robots the possibility to learn from the others. Robots neither share any movement constraint nor access to centralized information. Each robot has an estimate of its own location and an associated confidence level that decreases with distance traveled. Social odometry guides a robot to its goal by imitating estimated locations, confidence levels and actual locations of its neighbors. This simple online social form of odometry is shown to produce a self-organized collective pattern which allows a group of robots to both increase the quality of individuals' estimates and efficiently improve their collective performance.
Giant Component and Poisson Cloning Model

The notion of a random graph was first introduced in 1947 by Erdös [27] to show the existence of a graph with a certain Ramsey property. A decade later, the theory of the random graph began with the paper entitled “On Random Graphs I” by Erdös and R、 enyi [28], and the theory had been developed by a series [29, 30, 31, 32, 33] of their papers. Since then, the subject has become one of the most active research areas. Many researchers have devoted themselves to studying various properties of random graphs, such as the emergence of the giant component [29, 9, 53], the connectivity [28, 30, 16], the existence of perfect matching [31, 32, 33, 16], the existence of Hamiltonian cycle(s) [52, 10, 15], the core problem [10, 55, 62], and the graph invariants like the independence number [14, 57] and the chromatic number [63, 12, 54]. (The list of references here is far from being exhaustive.) There are two canonical models for random graphs, both of which were originated in the simple model introduced in [27]. In the binomial model G(n, p) on a set V of n vertices, each of a k possible edges is in the graph with probability p, independently of other edges. Thus, the probability of G(n, p) being a fixed graph G with m edges is pm(1 p) j-. The uniform model G(n, m) on V is a graph chosen uniformly at random from the set of all graphs on V with m edges. Hence, G(n, m) becomes a fixed graph G with probability am )k-1, provided G has m edges. Most of asymptotic behaviors of the two models are almost identical if their expected numbers of edges are the same. (See Proposition 1.13 in [45].) The random graph process, in which random edges are added one by one, is also extensively studied. For more about models and/or basics of random graphs, we recommend two books with the same title Random Graphs by Bollobás [11], and by Janson, Luczak and Ruci、 nski [45]. The phase transition phenomenon is among interesting topics of random graphs. Specifically, the phase transition phenomena regarding the emergences of the giant (connected) component and the t-core problem have attracted much attention. In their monumental paper entitled “On the Evolution of Random Graphs” [29], Erdös and R、 enyi proved that, for the size 1(n, p) of a largest component of G(n, p), n 2 n 2 n 2 Giant Component and Poisson Cloning Model
The influences of number of syllables and wordlikeness on children’s repetition of nonwords

ABSTRACT It has recently been suggested that the developmental association between nonword repetition performance and vocabulary knowledge reflects the contribution of phonological memory processes to vocabulary acquisition (e.g., Gathercole & Baddeley, 1989). An alternative account of the association is that the child uses existing vocabulary knowledge to support memory for nonwords. The present article tests between these two alternative accounts by evaluating the role of phonological memory and linguistic factors in nonword repetition. In a longitudinal database, repetition accuracy in 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds was found to be sensitive to two independent factors: a phonological memory factor, nonword length, and a linguistic factor, wordlikeness. To explain these combined influences, it is suggested that repeating nonwords involves temporary phonological memory storage which may be supported by either a specific lexical analogy or by an appropriate abstract phonological frame generated from structurally similar vocabulary items.
On Seyfert Spectra and Variability

We discuss the observational phenomenology of Seyferts from the point of view of the disk model, and argue that the spectral variability may be related to geometrical changes of the cold matter which provides a source of seed photons for Comptonization in a hot central disk. One possible configuration is a model with quasi-spherical accretion in the central part of the disk, with variability determined by dynamics of the transition zone between the cold and hot disk. In such a physical picture the soft excess component appears as a driver of spectral variability and contributes significantly to the source energetics.
Peroxisomes as dynamic organelles

Peroxisomes are cell organelles that are present inalmost all eukaryotic cells. Their enzyme content – andhence their function – is highly variable and dependson the organism, cell type and developmental stage,and (in ‘yeast and ﬁlamentous fungi) on the growthconditions. Peroxisomes are highly dynamic organelles:both their function and their abundance (number percell, size) may rapidly change in response to externalstimuli.
Cultivating health and wellbeing: members' perceptions of the health benefits of a Port Melbourne community garden

This paper reports on a research project undertaken with members of a community garden in Port Melbourne, Australia, to investigate the ways in which such a facility contributes to the enhancement of health, wellbeing and contact with nature for urban dwellers. Ten members from an urban community garden were interviewed using qualitative semi‐structured questions exploring perceptions of health and wellbeing benefits associated with membership. The garden was felt by members to be a sanctuary where people could come together and escape daily pressures, a source of advice and social support, and a place which gave them a sense of worth and involvement. Members also identified spiritual, fitness and nutritional benefits arising from participation in the community garden. It is evident even from this small qualitative study that community gardening offers many health and wellbeing benefits to members. This study provides a basis for the benefits of community gardens in Australia to be taken into account by policy‐makers and practitioners to enhance urban community health and wellbeing.
Virtual FishTank

Participants can: • Create their own fish. • Design behaviors for their fish. • Observe their fish interacting with other fish. • Manipulate behavioral rules for a group of fish. • Discover how these behaviors can emulate schooling. • Analyze emerging patterns. Through real-time 3D graphics, visitors are introduced to ideas from the sciences of complexity – ideas that explain not only ecosystems, but also economic markets, immune systems, and traffic jams. In particular, visitors learn how complex patterns arise from simple rules. The first version of Virtual FishTank opens at The Computer Museum in Boston in June 1998. A second version will travel nationally to other science museums and aquariums.
Helen Keller: Rethinking the problematic icon

More than 30 years after her death, Helen Keller is still known internationally as the little deaf blind girl, the 'miracle child' who triumphed over adversity. However, behind the image, hidden from the public gaze, was a flesh-and-blood woman, writer and radical activist, suffragette and Socialist. She was a woman who lived to old age, yet is fixed in the public imagination as an eternal child. This paper charts the creation of Keller's popular image and enduring iconic status, analysing their purpose and the implications they hold for us as disabled people. It then examines the truth of her life, revealing how contemporary are the issues which determined it. Finally, it explores the value of retelling her biography and the relevance it holds in the building of disability culture.
Identification and Characterization of a Family of Rab11-interacting Proteins*

Rab11a is a small GTP-binding protein enriched in the pericentriolar plasma membrane recycling systems. We hypothesized that Rab11a-binding proteins exist as downstream effectors of its action. Here we define a family of four Rab11-interacting proteins: Rab11-Family Interacting Protein 1 (Rab11-FIP1), Rab11-Family InteractingProtein 2 (Rab11-FIP2), Rab11-FamilyInteracting Protein 3 (Rab11-FIP3), and pp75/Rip11. All four interacting proteins associated with wild type Rab11a and dominant active Rab11a (Rab11aS20V) as well as Rab11b and Rab25. Rab11-FIP2 also interacted with dominant negative Rab11a (Rab11aS25N) and the tail of myosin Vb. The binding of Rab11-FIP1, Rab11-FIP2, and Rab11-FIP3 to Rab11a was dependent upon a conserved carboxyl-terminal amphipathic α-helix. Rab11-FIP1, Rab11-FIP2, and pp75/Rip11 colocalized with Rab11a in plasma membrane recycling systems in both non-polarized HeLa cells and polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. GFP-Rab11-FIP3 also colocalized with Rab11a in HeLa cells. Rab11-FIP1, Rab11-FIP2, and pp75/Rip11 also coenriched with Rab11a and H+K+-ATPase on parietal cell tubulovesicles, and Rab11-FIP1 and Rab11-FIP2 translocated with Rab11a and the H+K+-ATPase upon stimulating parietal cells with histamine. The results suggest that the function of Rab11a in plasma membrane recycling systems is dependent upon a compendium of protein effectors.
A fast dual gradient algorithm for distributed model predictive control with coupled constraints

This paper proposes a DMPC approach for a family of discrete-time linear systems with local (uncoupled) and global (coupled) constraints. The proposed approach is based on the dual problem of an overall MPC optimization problem involving all systems which is then solved distributively using a modified distributed Nesterov-accelerated-gradient algorithm. To further reduce the computational requirement, this approach allows for early termination of the distributed gradient algorithm. This is made possible via a consensus algorithm that determines the satisfaction of the termination condition and by appropriate tightening of the coupled constraints. Under reasonable assumptions, the approach is able to produce a suboptimal solution so long as the network of the systems is connected while ensuring recursive feasibility and exponential stability of the closed-loop system. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a numerical example.
EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT)

Objectives: To update the EULAR recommendations for management of knee osteoarthritis (OA) by an evidence based medicine and expert opinion approach. Methods: The literature search and guidelines were restricted to treatments for knee OA pertaining to clinical and/or radiological OA of any compartment of the knee. Papers for combined treatment of knee and other types of OA were excluded. Medline and Embase were searched using a combination of subject headings and key words. Searches for those treatments previously investigated were conducted for January 1999 to February 2002 and for those treatments not previously investigated for 1966 to February 2002. The level of evidence found for each treatment was documented. Quality scores were determined for each paper, an effect size comparing the treatment with placebo was calculated, where possible, and a toxicity profile was determined for each treatment modality. Results: 497 new publications were identified by the search. Of these, 103 were intervention trials and included in the overall analysis, and 33 treatment modalities were identified. Previously identified publications which were not exclusively knee OA in the initial analysis were rejected. In total, 545 publications were included. Based on the results of the literature search and expert opinion, 10 recommendations for the treatment of knee OA were devised using a five stage Delphi technique. Based on expert opinion, a further set of 10 items was identified by a five stage Delphi technique as important for future research. Conclusion: The updated recommendations support some of the previous propositions published in 2000 but also include modified statements and new propositions. Although a large number of treatment options for knee OA exist, the evidence based format of the EULAR Recommendations continues to identify key clinical questions that currently are unanswered.
The patient's right to safety--improving the quality of care through litigation against hospitals.

Many experts believe that the threat of malpractice suits impedes the use of error-reporting systems to make hospitals safer. Annas argues that more lawsuits, not fewer, are needed. He believes that the courts should recognize a right to safety so that hospitals that fail to implement measures to improve safety could be sued when patients are injured owing to preventable errors.
Psychological Momentum and Performance Inferences: A Preliminary Test of the Antecedents-Consequences Psychological Momentum Model

This paper introduces a model on psychological momentum (PM) in sport (Vallerand, 1985, 1987) and presents preliminary results supportive of the model. The antecedents-consequences PM model postulates that PM refers to perceptions that the actor is progressing toward his/her goal. The model emphasizes that PM perception must be distinguished from its antecedents and performance consequences. In addition, personal and situational variables are hypothesized to lead to perceptions of PM while personal and contextual variables are hypothesized to moderate the PM-performance relationship. This study tested hypotheses derived from the model with respect to the impact of antecedent variables on PM perceptions and attempted to ascertain the link between PM perceptions and performance inferences. Subjects with high and low tennis experience read scenarios depicting a match between two tennis players wherein the score was tied at 5 all in the first set. Two versions of the scenarios were prepared so that the moment.
Data modeling of smart urban object networks

In the digital age, where research is data-driven, understanding all involved fields of research becomes more and more important. Understanding various data sources within interdisciplinary research and beyond domain boundaries is a significant core competency. All participants should have a same-level understanding of significant information, which can be created from various data sources. Based on this fact, the paper at hand demonstrates a modeling approach for the generation of a unified data model in terms of smart urban objects. These smart objects are represented by interconnected data structures which is a prime example in context of Internet of Things. Further, an implementation of the graph database Neo4J and a correlated visualization of intuitive structuring of data sources beyond domain boundaries will be demonstrated.