Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Glutathione-Cleavable Theranostic for Photodynamic Therapy Based on Bacteriochlorin e and Styrylnaphthalimide Derivatives

Herein, we report a new conjugate BChl–S–S–NI based on the second-generation photosensitizer bacteriochlorin e6 (BChl) and a 4-styrylnaphthalimide fluorophore (NI), which is cleaved into individual functional fragments in the intracellular medium. The chromophores in the conjugate were cross-linked by click chemistry via a bis(azidoethyl)disulfide bridge which is reductively cleaved by the intracellular enzyme glutathione (GSH). A photophysical investigation of the conjugate in solution by using optical spectroscopy revealed that the energy transfer process is realized with high efficiency in the conjugated system, leading to the quenching of the emission of the fluorophore fragment. It was shown that the conjugate is cleaved by GSH in solution, which eliminates the possibility of energy transfer and restores the fluorescence of 4-styrylnaphthalimide. The photoinduced activity of the conjugate and its imaging properties were investigated on the mouse soft tissue sarcoma cell line S37. Phototoxicity studies in vitro show that the BChl–S–S–NI conjugate has insignificant dark cytotoxicity in the concentration range from 15 to 20,000 nM. At the same time, upon photoexcitation, it exhibits high photoinduced activity.
Assisted Phytostabilization of Mine-Tailings with Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae) and Biochar

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective technique to remediate heavy metal (HM) polluted sites. However, the toxic effects of HM can limit plant establishment and development, reducing phytoremediation effectiveness. Therefore, the addition of organic amendments to mine wastes, such as biochar, improves the establishment of plants and reduces the bioavailability of toxic HM and its subsequent absorption by plants. Prosopis laevigata can establish naturally in mine tailings and accumulate different HM; however, these individuals show morphological and genetic damage. In this study, the effect of biochar on HM bioaccumulation in roots and aerial tissues, HM translocation, morphological characters and plant growth were evaluated, after three and six months of exposure. Plants grown on mine tailings with biochar presented significantly higher values for most of the evaluated characters, in respect to plants that grew on mine tailing substrate. Biochar addition reduced the bioaccumulation and translocation of Cu, Pb, and Cd, while it favored the translocation of essential metals such as Fe and Mn. The addition of biochar from agro-industrial residues to mine tailings improves the establishment of plants with potential to phytoextract and phytostabilize metals from polluted soils. Using biochar and heavy metal accumulating plants constitutes an assisted phytostabilization strategy with great potential for HM polluted sites such as Cd and Pb.
Effect of Signal Design of Autonomous Vehicle Intention Presentation on Pedestrians’ Cognition

In this study, a method is devised that allows the intentions of autonomous vehicles to be effectively communicated to pedestrians and passengers via an efficient interactive interface. Visual and auditory factors are used as variables to investigate the effects of different autonomous vehicle signal factors on the judgment of pedestrians and to determine the main factors such that the best combination can be proposed. Two visual dimensions (i.e., color and flashing) and three auditory dimensions (i.e., rhythm, frequency, and melody) are used as the experimental signal variables. In addition, deceleration and waiting-to-restart scenarios are investigated. Multiple-choice questions and a subjective cognition scale are used for evaluation. The results show that the combination of green and slow rhythm can be used for the road-user-first case, whereas the combination of red and fast rhythm can be used for the vehicle-first case. Under the same intention, factors of color, flashing, rhythm, and melody are highly similar in terms of the combination mode, except for the frequency. In the deceleration and waiting-to-restart scenarios, the frequencies of the best signal are high and low frequencies, respectively. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the signal design of autonomous vehicles in the future and provide ideas for the interactions between autonomous vehicles and pedestrians.
A Comparison of Stellar Evolution with Binary Systems

We have compared stellar evolution models with the three intermediate-mass binary systems V2291 Oph, α Aur, and η And, whose masses are determined accurately within 7%. These systems were recently regarded by Schröder and coworkers as systems that favor evolution with moderate overshoot mixing from the convective cores. While they assumed a standard Population I metallicity for these binaries, we have taken into account the available heavy-element abundance data in the literature. We have taken two approaches for each system. First, assuming no core overshooting, we have adjusted helium abundance for each binary to obtain the best fit. Second, adopting a helium abundance from a standard metallicity-helium relation, we have estimated a required extent of core overshooting lov. Our results indicate that the required extent of core overshooting is less than ~0.15Hp, which is smaller than the extent estimated by Schröder and his collaborators. The main reason for the difference is attributed to the fact that we have taken into account published estimates of metallicity for each system. We have found that to obtain a good fit with red components we have to modify the ratio of mixing length to pressure scale height for each system. The required ratio is found to be smaller for a metal-poor system and vice versa.
Robust Outlier Bound Condition to Phase Retrieval with Adversarial Sparse Outliers

We consider the problem of recovering an unknown signal $\pmb{x}_0\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ from phaseless measurements. In this paper, we study the convex phase retrieval problem via PhaseLift from linear Gaussian measurements perturbed by $\ell_{1}$-bounded noise and sparse outliers that can change an adversarially chosen $s$-fraction of the measurement vector. We show that the Robust-PhaseLift model can successfully reconstruct the ground-truth up to global phase for any $s<s^{*}\approx 0.1185$ with $\mathcal{O}(n)$ measurements, even in the case where the sparse outliers may depend on the measurement and the observation. The recovery guarantees are based on the robust outlier bound condition and the analysis of the product of two Gaussian variables. Moreover, we construct adaptive counterexamples to show that the Robust-PhaseLift model fails when $s>s^{*}$ with high probability.
Attention-Based Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Time Series Imputation

Time series data are usually characterized by having missing values, high dimensionality, and large data volume. To solve the problem of high-dimensional time series with missing values, this paper proposes an attention-based sequence-to-sequence model to imputation missing values in time series (ASSM), which is a sequence-to-sequence model based on the combination of feature learning and data computation. The model consists of two parts, encoder and decoder. The encoder part is a BIGRU recurrent neural network and incorporates a self-attentive mechanism to make the model more capable of handling long-range time series; The decoder part is a GRU recurrent neural network and incorporates a cross-attentive mechanism into associate with the encoder part. The relationship weights between the generated sequences in the decoder part and the known sequences in the encoder part are calculated to achieve the purpose of focusing on the sequences with a high degree of correlation. In this paper, we conduct comparison experiments with four evaluation metrics and six models on four real datasets. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper outperforms the six comparative missing value interpolation algorithms.
Evaluating the High-Temperature Properties and Reaction Mechanism of Terminal Blend Rubber/Nano Silica Composite Modified Asphalt Using Activated Rubber

Terminal blend (TB) rubberized asphalt is a popular technology in the production of rubberized asphalt. However, it always presents challenges regarding the inadequate high-temperature rutting performance of the binders. Additionally, crumb rubber (CR), a modifier of asphalt is a cross-linked material which presents poor compatibility between CR particles and bitumen. Incorporating nanomaterials and pretreating CR particles are two possible solutions to address this drawback. But the performance improvement and modification mechanism of the composite TB binders is not clearly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the high-temperature properties and reaction mechanism of the TB rubber/nano silica composite modified asphalt using microwave activated rubber. To achieve the research purpose, bitumen penetration grade 80–100 was first modified with 8% CR particles at elevated temperature to produce TB rubberized asphalt followed by the addition of 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0% weight percentage of nano silica to produce TB rubber/nano silica composite modified asphalt. Short and long-term aging tests were performed on samples by thin film oven test (TFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) prior to chemical and rheological tests. The results of the study shows that nano silica has a great influence on the high temperature rutting resistance, storage stability and anti-aging properties of TB rubberized asphalt. Nano silica promoted good interaction and compatibility between CR particles and bitumen and improved the overall rheological properties of the binders. XRD test results revealed that the TB rubberized/nano silica composite modified asphalt samples were amorphous materials and did not have a crystalline structure. The reaction mechanism between rubber and asphalt was found to be physical, whereas nano silica interacted chemically with TB rubberized asphalt. In light of these findings, this research concluded that nano silica evidently improves the high-temperature rutting properties of TB rubberized asphalt, which deserves further exploration and application.
Nonparametric Confidence Intervals

An inequality is given for the expected length of a conﬁdence interval given that a particular distribution generated the data and assuming that the conﬁdence interval has a given coverage probability over a family of distributions . As a corollary, attempts to adapt to the regularity of the true density within derivative smoothness classes cannot improve the rate of convergence of the length of the conﬁdence interval over minimax ﬁxed-length intervals and still maintain uniform coverage probability . However, adaptive conﬁdence intervals can attain improved rates of convergence in some other classes of densities, such as those satisfying a shape restriction .
Accurate detection and automatic match method for feature points using concentric circles array

Camera calibration is the basic of machine vision, the accuracy of feature point detection and the automation of camera calibration process is very important in actual high precision measurement. The planar pattern with circle feature has its own advantage compared with chessboard calibration pattern; it is easy to manufacture, and insensitive to threshold. Although there is a position distortion in detecting the projected centre of circle for perspective projection, the feature point which is the image of the center of the circle can be computed accurately based on the geometric and algebraic constrains of projected concentric circles. After the feature points is detected, the set of feature points on the calibration pattern and the points in the camera images must be matched, manual or user assisted methods are often used to solve the matching problem. This paper also describes a simple technique based on Delaunay triangulation to automatically match the feature points recovered by concentric circles. The experiments show that the method is excellent in actual camera calibration using concentric circles array.
The Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica Oliv. Is Not Limited by Drought Stress in the Hyper-Arid Zone of Northwest China

The Ejin Oasis is located in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin of northwestern China. It is one of the most arid regions in the world, and Populus euphratica Oliv. is the foundation species of the desert riparian forests there. The photosynthesis of P. euphratica is one of the first physiological processes that is most likely to be affected by the extremely arid climate conditions. The factors impacting photosynthesis can be divided into stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. In order to investigate whether the photosynthesis of P. euphratica was limited and, if so, whether this limitation was caused by drought stress in the P. euphratica Forest Reserve on the Ejin River, we analyzed stomatal, non-stomatal, and relative stomatal limitations (reflecting the relative importance of the stoma in controlling the processes of photosynthesis) of photosynthesis. The results show that, at the beginning of the midday depression of photosynthesis, the values of stomatal limitation of photosynthesis (Ls) peaked, with its predominance being supported by sub-stomatal CO2 concentrations (Ci) being at a minimum. Thereafter, Ls decreased and non-stomatal limitation (Ci/stomatal conductance (gs)) increased sharply, indicating that the non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis was predominant. Both Ls and relative stomatal limitation of photosynthesis increased in the morning, and then decreased, whereas Ci/gs showed the opposite trend. We concluded that P. euphratica did not experience drought stress by analyzing leaf water potential, groundwater table, and the decoupling coefficient (a parameter characterizing the coupling degree between vegetation canopy and atmospheric water vapor flux); however, the Ls values of P. euphratica were much greater than those of other species. This was likely because P. euphratica has a relatively conservative water use strategy even when growing under favorable water conditions. Extremely high temperatures caused the closure of the stoma to reduce transpiration, resulting in more intense stomatal limitations of photosynthesis.
Satellite hole formation during dewetting: experiment and simulation

The dewetting of thin polymer films on solid substrates has been studied extensively in recent years. These films can decay either by nucleation events or by spinodal dewetting, essentially only depending on the interface potential describing the short- and long-range intermolecular interactions between the interfaces and the initial film thickness. Here, we describe experiments and simulations concerned with the decay of polystyrene thin films. The rupture of the film occurs by the formation of a correlated pattern of holes ('satellite holes') along the liquid rims accumulating at the channel borders. The development of this complex film rupture process, which is neither simply spinodal nor nucleation dewetting, can be mimicked precisely by making use of a novel simulation code based on a rigorous mathematical treatment of the thin film equation and on the knowledge of the effective interface potential of the system. The conditions that determine the appearance and the position of the satellite holes around pre-existing holes are discussed.
In‐vessel calibration of the JET neutron monitors using a 252Cf neutron source: Difficulties experienced

The most direct method of obtaining an absolute calibration of the set of fission chambers used at JET for the measurement of the time‐resolved neutron yield is by means of a standardized 252Cf radio‐isotope neutron source which is moved around the vacuum vessel to map out the volume occupied by the plasma. The accuracy of this procedure can approach 10%. However, its applicability depends on the geometry of the tokamak and the location of the fission chambers. At JET, most of the neutrons reach the detectors by passing through the main diagnostic ports. Now that these ports have become surrounded by massive items of hardware, it is found that this equipment moderates and absorbs the 252Cf neutrons more strongly than 2.5 MeV neutrons. This paper examines the magnitude of the errors on the absolute calibration of the fission chambers introduced by this effect.
Highly Sensitive Sub-ppm CH3COOH Detection by Improved Assembly of Sn3O4-RGO Nanocomposite

Detection of sub-ppm acetic acid (CH3COOH) is in demand for environmental gas monitoring. In this article, we propose a CH3COOH gas sensor based on Sn3O4 and reduced graphene oxide (RGO), where the assembly of Sn3O4-RGO nanocomposites is dependent on the synthesis method. Three nanocomposites prepared by three different synthesis methods are investigated. The optimum assembly is by hydrothermal reactions of Sn4+ salts and pre-reduced RGO (designated as RS nanocomposite). Raman spectra verified the fingerprint of RGO in the synthesized RS nanocomposite. The Sn3O4 planes of (111), (210), (130), (13¯2) are observed from the X-ray diffractogram, and its average crystallite size is 3.94 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on Sn3d and O1s spectra confirm the stoichiometry of Sn3O4 with Sn:O ratio = 0.76. Sn3O4-RGO-RS exhibits the highest response of 74% and 4% at 2 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. The sensitivity within sub-ppm CH3COOH is 64%/ppm. Its superior sensing performance is owing to the embedded and uniformly wrapped Sn3O4 nanoparticles on RGO sheets. This allows a massive relative change in electron concentration at the Sn3O4-RGO heterojunction during the on/off exposure of CH3COOH. Additionally, the operation is performed at room temperature, possesses good repeatability, and consumes only ~4 µW, and is a step closer to the development of a commercial CH3COOH sensor.
Merging information in the data and weight spaces

The paper addresses the problem of combining independent information which can be available in both the data and parameters spaces: the objective is to obtain a neural model which takes into account the information available from both sources. The problem is approached in the framework of the probabilistic interpretation of neural modelling and the indetermination associated to the training process is taken into account by considering an appropriate distribution in the weight space associated to each solution vector. A computationally light procedure is proposed to merge the information associated to the different solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is shown by means of experiments of feedforward neural networks for classification tasks.
The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Nurses’ Trust in Managers and Job Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Nurse leaders have the responsibility to build healthy work environments for staff nurses and enhance nurses’ outcomes. Authentic leadership is one of the leadership theories that have been shown to have positive impacts on nurses’ outcomes. The goal of this study was to test the effect of authentic leadership on trust in managers and job performance among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional design was applied. A total of 116 nurses who met the inclusion criteria completed the survey. To test the study variables, three different scales were used. The data in this study were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0. 1.1. Results: The findings of this study showed that there were significant and positive effects of authentic leadership and its four components on trust in managers. However, no relationships were found between authentic leadership and its four elements, and job performance. Conclusions: Authentic leaders have the ability to improve work environments by building a trustful relationship with nurses. This study focuses on the role of authentic leadership in nursing practice and its essential effects to enhance the work environments. It also provides future researchers in Saudi Arabia with comprehensive knowledge about conducting studies of authentic leadership in nursing and examine its effects on outcomes related to nurses.
Giant and strain-tunable interfacial magnetic anisotropy in MgO-based magnetic heterostructures with heavy atoms insertion

MgO-based magnetic heterostructures with interfacial magnetic anisotropy has attracted increasing attention due to its application in building high-density magnetic random access memories. A large and tunable interfacial magnetic anisotropy constant (Ki) is required for high thermal stability and flexible data writability. In this study, the Ki of Fe/MgO, Fe/Pt/MgO, and Fe/Ir/MgO heterostructures with strains from −4.5% to 4.5% were calculated by ab initio electronic structure calculations. It has been found that the Fe/Pt/MgO and Fe/Ir/MgO where the Pt and Ir monolayers are inserted in the interface possess Ki of 2.415 mJ m−2 and −4.468 mJ m−2, which are much larger by several times than that (0.840 mJ m−2) of the Fe/MgO. In particular, the out-of-plane Ki from the interfacial Pt atoms in Fe/Pt/MgO is as high as 5.978 mJ m−2. The magnetic anisotropy of these structures can be significantly manipulated by strain. Combining second-order perturbation theory, the origin of these behaviors has been analyzed by layer-resolved, orbital-resolved, and k-resolved Ki. The spin-flip terms of d z 2/d yz orbitals in the interfacial layer are mainly responsible for the out-of-plane Ki and its variation with strain. This work provides a useful guide for the design of high and tunable magnetic anisotropy in the MgO-based magnetic heterostructures.
Two Novel Yersinia pestis Bacteriophages with a Broad Host Range: Potential as Biocontrol Agents in Plague Natural Foci

Bacteriophages (phages) have been successfully used as disinfectors to kill bacteria in food and the environment and have been used medically for curing human diseases. The objective of this research was to elucidate the morphological and genomic characteristics of two novel Yersinia pestis phages, vB_YpeM_ MHS112 (MHS112) and vB_YpeM_GMS130 (GMS130), belonging to the genus Gaprivervirus, subfamily Tevenvirinae, family Myoviridae. Genome sequencing showed that the sizes of MHS112 and GMS130 were 170507 and 168552 bp, respectively. A total of 303 and 292 open reading frames with 2 tRNA and 3 tRNA were predicted in MHS112 and GMS130, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships were analysed among the two novel Y. pestis phages, phages in the genus Gaprivervirus, and several T4-like phages infecting the Yersinia genus. The bacteriophage MHS112 and GMS130 exhibited a wider lytic host spectrum and exhibited comparative temperature and pH stability. Such features signify that these phages do not need to rely on Y. pestis as their host bacteria in the ecological environment, while they could be based on more massive Enterobacteriales species to propagate and form ecological barriers against Y. pestis pathogens colonised in plague foci. Such characteristics indicated that the two phages have potential as biocontrol agents for eliminating the endemics of animal plague in natural plague foci.