Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilateral dens invaginatus in the mandibular premolars – Diagnosis and treatment

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly that results from an infolding of the dental papilla during tooth development and simulates the appearance of a tooth within another tooth. It shows a wide spectrum of variations in morphology and usually affects the maxillary lateral incisors. This study presents an unusual case of an Oehlers′ Type I DI involving the bilateral mandibular first and second premolars, which presented as an incidental radiographic finding in the first premolars and was associated with a periapical lesion in the second premolars which was successfully treated using nonsurgical endodontics.
Supporting cyber risk assessment of Power Control Systems with experimental data

One of the key points in the evaluation of risks associated to cyber threats in power control systems is how to find enough evidence for assigning probabilities to cyber threat occurrences and consequent failure modes. The paper discusses i) the possibility of conducting controlled experiments on power control testbeds in order to collect otherwise unavailable data related to cyber misbehaviours in power system operation; ii) the key features of the testbed developed by the CESI RICERCA laboratory together with sample measurements from experiments; iii) a research agenda of activities for connecting the measurements from experiments to model-based analysis and risk assessment frameworks quantifying the impact of cyber failures on power control functions.
Min-oscillations in Escherichia coli induced by interactions of membrane-bound proteins

During division it is of primary importance for a cell to correctly determine the site of cleavage. The bacterium Escherichia coli divides in the center, producing two daughter cells of equal size. Selection of the center as the correct division site is in part achieved by the Min-proteins. They oscillate between the two cell poles and thereby prevent division at these locations. Here, a phenomenological description of these oscillations is presented, where lateral interactions between proteins on the cell membrane play a key role. Solutions to the dynamic equations are compared to experimental findings. In particular, the temporal period of the oscillations is measured as a function of the cell length and found to be compatible with the theoretical prediction.
Space and Time as a Primary Classification Criterion for Information Retrieval in Distributed Social Networking

We discuss in a compact way how the implicit relations between spatiotemporal relatedness of information items, spatiotemporal relatedness of users, social relatedness of users and semantic relatedness of information items may be exploited for an information retrieval architecture that operates along the lines of human ways of searching. The decentralized and agent oriented architecture mirrors emerging trends such as upcoming mobile and decentralized social networking as a new paradigm in social computing and is targetted to satisfy broader and more subtly interlinked information demands beyond immediate information needs which can be readily satisfied with current IR services. We briefly discuss why using spatio-temporal references as primary information criterion implicitly conserves other relations and is thus suitable for such an architecture. We finally shortly point to results from a large evaluation study using Wikipedia articles.
Physiology and Pathophysiology of ClC-K/barttin Channels

ClC-K channels form a subgroup of anion channels within the ClC family of anion transport proteins. They are expressed predominantly in the kidney and in the inner ear, and are necessary for NaCl resorption in the loop of Henle and for K+ secretion by the stria vascularis. Subcellular distribution as well as the function of these channels are tightly regulated by an accessory subunit, barttin. Barttin improves the stability of ClC-K channel protein, stimulates the exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and insertion into the plasma membrane and changes its function by modifying voltage-dependent gating processes. The importance of ClC-K/barttin channels is highlighted by several genetic diseases. Dysfunctions of ClC-K channels result in Bartter syndrome, an inherited human condition characterized by impaired urinary concentration. Mutations in the gene encoding barttin, BSND, affect the urinary concentration as well as the sensory function of the inner ear. Surprisingly, there is one BSND mutation that causes deafness without affecting renal function, indicating that kidney function tolerates a reduction of anion channel activity that is not sufficient to support normal signal transduction in inner hair cells. This review summarizes recent work on molecular mechanisms, physiology, and pathophysiology of ClC-K/barttin channels.
How Music Alters Decision Making - Impact of Music Stimuli on Emotional Classification

Numerous studies have demonstrated that mood can affect emotional processing. The goal of this study was to explore which components of the decision process are affected when exposed to music; we do so within the context of a stochastic sequential model of simple decisions, the drift-diffusion model (DDM). In our experiment, participants decided whether words were emotionally positive or negative while listening to music that was chosen to induce positive or negative mood. The behavioral results show that the music manipulation was effective, as participants were biased to label words positive in the positive music condition. The DDM shows that this bias was driven by a change in the starting point of evidence accumulation, which indicates an a priori response bias. In contrast, there was no evidence that music affected how participants evaluated the emotional content of the stimuli. To better understand the correspondence between auditory features and decision-making, we proceeded to study how individual aspects of music affect response patterns. Our results have implications for future studies of the connection between music and mood.
National Health Insurance Revisited

AbstractProposals for national health insurance are once again making the headlines, as they have periodically in the United States since World War I.2 Advocates of national health insurance have, as always, diverse goals: to expand access to health care for millions of uninsured Americans; to stem the rapid escalation in the cost of health care; and to improve the overall health status of the population and reduce socioeconomic differentials in life expectancy. Vigorous opposition to national health insurance is not a new phenomenon. Insurance companies, physicians, and others directly involved in the health field see national health insurance as a threat to their roles and interests; in addition, many Americans with no direct involvement in health issues oppose expansion of government on general principle. The huge federal budget deficit contributes to the difficulty of enacting a major new domestic program, in health or any other area. Thus, the debate among those for and against national health insurance does not appear to be headed for resolution any time soon. …
Compiling Boostexter Rules into a Finite-state Transducer

A number of NLP tasks have been effectively modeled as classification tasks using a variety of classification techniques. Most of these tasks have been pursued in isolation with the classifier assuming unambiguous input. In order for these techniques to be more broadly applicable, they need to be extended to apply on weighted packed representations of ambiguous input. One approach for achieving this is to represent the classification model as a weighted finite-state transducer (WFST). In this paper, we present a compilation procedure to convert the rules resulting from an AdaBoost classifier into an WFST. We validate the compilation technique by applying the resulting WFST on a call-routing application.
Iron Isotope Systematics of the Panzhihua Mafic Layered Intrusion Associated With Giant Fe‐Ti Oxide Deposit in the Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China

In order to investigate how Fe was enriched from parental high‐Ti basaltic magma to form the stratigraphically thick Fe‐Ti oxide ore at the bottom layers, we present a systematic study for Fe isotopic compositions of whole rocks and mineral separates (clinopyroxene, magnetite, and ilmenite) throughout the Panzhihua intrusion. Whole rock δ56Fe ranges from 0 ± 0.02‰ to 0.15 ± 0.04‰, consistent with the range of clinopyroxene (0.01 ± 0.02‰ to 0.16 ± 0.05‰). On the contrary, magnetite (Mt) separates have δ56Fe ranging from 0.17 ± 0.05‰ to 0.62 ± 0.02‰, showing a strikingly complementary trend with coexisting ilmenite (Ilm) separates (−0.52 ± 0.03‰ to −0.09 ± 0.02‰) along the profile. The calculated bulk δ56Fe of Fe‐Ti oxides (Mt + Ilm), however, has a small range from 0.01‰ to 0.16‰, identical to those for clinopyroxene separates and whole rocks. The uniform δ56Fe of clinopyroxene may have resulted from the small Fe isotope fractionation between clinopyroxene and parental magma in early‐stage magma differentiation before substantial crystallization of Fe‐Ti oxides. The complementary trends of δ56Fe for Mt and Ilm along the profile and the uniform bulk δ56Fe of Fe‐Ti oxides are better interpreted as in situ crystallization of Fe‐Ti oxides from the interstitial liquid. Our Fe isotopic data and petrographic observations indicate that the thick Fe‐Ti oxide ore layers in the lower zone of the Panzhihua intrusion may be attributed to in situ crystallization of Mt and Ilm from the interstitial, immiscible Fe‐rich melt in the lower part of the magma chamber.
Secondary stroke prevention: challenges and solutions

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the USA and a major cause of mortality worldwide. One out of four strokes is recurrent. Secondary stroke prevention starts with deciphering the most likely stroke mechanism. In general, one of the main goals in stroke reduction is to control vascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking cessation. Changes in lifestyle like a healthy diet and aerobic exercise are also recommended strategies. In the case of cardioembolism due to atrial fibrillation, mechanical valves, or cardiac thrombus, anticoagulation is the mainstay of therapy. The role of anticoagulation is less evident in the case of bioprosthetic valves, patent foramen ovale, and dilated cardiomyopathy with low ejection fraction. Strokes due to larger artery atherosclerosis account for approximately a third of all strokes. In the case of symptomatic extracranial carotid stenosis, surgical intervention as close as possible in time to the index event seems highly beneficial. In the case of intracranial large artery atherosclerosis, the best medical therapy consists of antiplatelets, high-dose statins, aggressive controls of vascular risk factors, and lifestyle modifications, with no role for intracranial arterial stenting or angioplasty. For patients with small artery occlusion (ie, lacunar stroke), the therapy is similar to that used in patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis. Despite the constant new evidence on how to best treat patients who have suffered a stroke, the risk of stroke recurrence remains unacceptably high, thus evidencing the need for novel therapies.
Signaling Mechanisms of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in Cancer: TGF-β Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cells by a Smad-Dependent Mechanism

1.1 TGF-β ligands, receptors and smads Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), a cytokine that is expressed in a variety of normal tissues, including the lung (Bartram & Spear, 2004; Jakowlew et al., 1995, 1998; Kang et al., 2000; Montuenga et al., 1998), exerts diverse effects on a wide variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (Elliot & Blobe, 2005; Massague, 1998). More than sixty different TGF-β family members have been identified in various oraganisms, with at least 29 of these proteins being encoded in humans. Among the many proteins in the TGF-β superfamily are four TGF-β ligands, five activins, eight bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), and 15 growth and differentiation factors (GDF). Three TGF-β isoforms have been identified in humans, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3, with each being a homodimeric polypeptide with a molecular weight of 25-kDa. All three TGF-β isoforms are initially synthesized as 55-kDa proproteins that consist of an amino-terminal pro-region and a carboxy-terminal mature region (Gentry et al., 1988). The pro-region facilitates necessary dimerization of the proproteins for future activity. TGF-β is secreted in a latent, inactive form in which the 12.5kDa carboxyl-terminal 112 amino acid-long mature form is non-covalently associated with the 80-kDa Latency-Associated Peptide (LAP) amino-terminal remainder (Barcellos-Hoff, 1996; Barcellos-Hoff & Ewan, 2000). The LAP forms a complex with the 12.5-kDa TGF-β to keep it inactive (Arndjelovic et al., 2003; Stander et al., 1999). This complex is referred to as the small latent TGF-β complex. The small latent TGF-β complex may associate with members of the latent TGF-β-binding protein (LTBP) family to form the large latent TGF-β complex (Oklu & Hesketh, 2000). The liberation of TGF-β from the latent complexes is referred to as activation (Annes et al., 2003). The precise steps that are involved in liberation of the bioactive dimer are not completely understood, but may involve cleavage of the LTBP or LAP or both (Hyytiainen et al., 2004). Active TGF-β exerts its effects with specific high affinity receptors. In mammals, five TGF-β superfamily type I receptors and seven type II receptors have been identified (Derynck et al.,
High level modeling of Dynamic Reconfigurable FPGAs

As System-on-Chip (SoC) based embedded systems have become a defacto industry standard, their overall design complexity has increased exponentially in recent years, necessitating the introduction of new seamless methodologies and tools to handle the SoC codesign aspects. This paper presents a novel SoC co-design methodology based on Model Driven Engineering and the Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (MARTE) standard, permitting us to raise the abstraction levels and allows to model fine grain reconfigurable architectures such as FPGAs. Extensions of this methodology have enabled us to integrate new features such as Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration supported by Modern FPGAs. The overall objective is to carry out system modeling at a high abstraction level expressed in a graphical language like Unified Modeling Language (UML) and afterwards transformation of these models automatically generate the necessary code for FPGA synthesis.
An Improved Technique for Web Page Classification in Respect of Domain Specific Search

domain specific crawler, as diverse from a general web search engine, focuses on a specific segment of web content. They are also called vertical or topical search engines. Common vertical search engines are meant for shopping, automotive industry, legal information, medical information, scholarly literature, and travel. Examples of vertical search engines are Trulia.com, Mocavo.com and Yelp. In contrast to genera lpurpose Web search engines, which attempt to index large portions of the World Wide Web using a web crawler, vertical search engines typically use a domain specific crawler that attempts to index only Web pages that are relevant to a pre-defined topic or set of topics. Vertical search offers several potential benefits over general search such as greater precision due to their limited scope, leverage domain knowledge including taxonomies and ontology and support of specific unique user tasks. This paper aims at analyzing the machine learning Techniques namely ANN, SVM and Hi-SVM being used for Web Page Classification and suggesting suitable improvements. Here a crawling framework has been designed and developed that allows flexible addition of new classifiers. This crawler has been used for classification of web content for few domains. The crawlers themselves are implemented as multithreaded objects that run concurrently. The results show that Hi-SVM is a better choice for guiding a topical crawler when compared to Support Vector Machine and Neural Network. The comparative analysis of the three classifier techniques namely ANN, SVM and Hi-SVM showed that the performance of Hi-SVM is most efficient. KeywordsSVM, HiSVM, VSM, ROC, REC, POS, WSD, SOE.
PLL control scheme for the electronic ballast with a current-equalization network

This paper proposes a phase-locked loop (PLL) control scheme for the electronic ballast with a current-equalization network. The PLL control scheme involves detecting the phase signals of both the resonant-tank input voltage and the two leakage-inductor terminals in the transformer; then the operating frequency of the circuit continuously tracks the resonant frequency as a reference frequency. Based on the tracked reference frequency, the required voltage gain of the resonant tank is regulated by offsetting the operating frequency. Consequently, the operating frequency is lower than the resonant frequency to ensure the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition for less turn-on switching losses on the switches. This paper presents the analysis of the proposed PLL control scheme. Finally, the current-equalizing ability in the dimming range is demonstrated by experiments in order to validate and demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed circuit
An outlier pool for Medicare HMO payments

Medicare pays “at-risk” health maintenance organizations a prospective capitation amount that is established by the adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC) formula for estimating the amount enrollees would have cost had they remained in the fee-for-service sector. Because the AAPCC accounts for a very small percentage of the variation in beneficiary costs, considerable research has been devoted to improving the formula. A way to improve the explained variance is to remove the most expensive beneficiaries from the AAPCC payment system and pay for them separately. This article examines one approach to a payment system that combines the AAPCC with an outlier payment mechanism.
MESSENGER Observations and Global Simulations of Highly Compressed Magnetosphere Events at Mercury

We identify and examine all MErcury Surface Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) crossings of Mercury's dayside magnetopause with magnetospheric field intensities ≥300 nT. The eight such events, which occurred under highly compressed magnetosphere conditions, are analyzed in the identical manner utilized by Slavin et al. (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020319). The results suggest that the eight highly compressed magnetosphere events represent the highest solar wind dynamic pressures for which the MESSENGER's orbit still passed below the magnetopause and provided measurements of the dayside magnetosphere. Using the magnetohydrodynamic model by Jia et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021143) that electromagnetically couples Mercury's interior with its magnetosphere, a series of global simulations are conducted to quantitatively characterize the response of Mercury's magnetosphere to solar wind forcing. Combining the MESSENGER observations with the simulations, we have obtained a consistent picture of how Mercury's dayside magnetospheric configuration is controlled, separately and in combination, by induction‐driven shielding and reconnection‐driven erosion. For solar wind pressures of ∼40–90 nPa, compared with the average ∼10–15 nPa at Mercury's orbit, the shielding effects of induction in Mercury's core in standing‐off the solar wind typically exceed the erosion of the dayside magnetosphere due to reconnection for these events, most of which occurred under low magnetic shear conditions. For high magnetic shear across the magnetopause our simulation predicts that reconnection would dominate. Mercury's effective magnetic moment as inferred from magnetopause standoff distance ranges from 170 to 250 nT−RM3 for these events. These findings are of crucial importance for understanding the space weathering at Mercury and its contribution to the generation of Mercury's exosphere.
The Consequence of Combined Pain and Stress on Work Ability in Female Laboratory Technicians: A Cross-Sectional Study

Musculoskeletal pain and stress-related disorders are leading causes of impaired work ability, sickness absences and disability pensions. However, knowledge about the combined detrimental effect of pain and stress on work ability is lacking. This study investigates the association between pain in the neck-shoulders, perceived stress, and work ability. In a cross-sectional survey at a large pharmaceutical company in Denmark 473 female laboratory technicians replied to questions about stress (Perceived Stress Scale), musculoskeletal pain intensity (scale 0–10) of the neck and shoulders, and work ability (Work Ability Index). General linear models tested the association between variables. In the multi-adjusted model, stress (p < 0.001) and pain (p < 0.001) had independent main effects on the work ability index score, and there was no significant stress by pain interaction (p = 0.32). Work ability decreased gradually with both increased stress and pain. Workers with low stress and low pain had the highest Work Ability Index score (44.6 (95% CI 43.9–45.3)) and workers with high stress and high pain had the lowest score (32.7 (95% CI 30.6–34.9)). This cross-sectional study indicates that increased stress and musculoskeletal pain are independently associated with lower work ability in female laboratory technicians.
[Usefulness of transthoracic freehand three-dimensional echocardiography for the evaluation of mitral valve prolapse].

BACKGROUND Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is routinely used in evaluating patients with mitral valve prolapse but requires a systematic examination for accurate assessment of the involved lesion of mitral valve prolapse, because the sonographer is required to mentally reconstruct two-dimensional images into three dimensions. Recently, freehand three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography has been introduced in the clinical setting for three-dimensional visualization of the mitral valve apparatus. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of the freehand 3D echocardiography system in assessing the involved lesion in patients with mitral valve prolapse. METHODS This study consisted of 25 consecutive patients (15 men, 10 women, mean age 55 +/- 17 years) with mitral valve prolapse who were scheduled for 3D echocardiography. Mitral valve was reconstructed in the view from the left atrium (surgeon's view) by 3D echocardiography. The location of the involved lesion in mitral valve was classified as the medial, middle and lateral portions of the anterior leaflet, and the medial, middle and lateral scallops of the posterior leaflet, respectively. The results by 3D echocardiography were compared with those of 2D echocardiography as the clinical standard. RESULTS An adequate three-dimensional display of the entire mitral valve for analysis of the involved lesion could be reconstructed in all 25 patients (feasibility 100%). The sensitivity of 3D echocardiography for detecting the lesions at the medial, middle and lateral portions of the anterior leaflet was 80%, 100% and 75%, and the medial, middle and lateral scallops of the posterior leaflet was 100%, 100% and 0%, respectively. The specificities were 100% at all locations in the mitral valve. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that freehand 3D echocardiography is useful for assessment of the involved lesion of the mitral valve in patients with mitral valve prolapse.