Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antisocial and Psychopathic Personality Disorders: Causes, Course, and Remission—A Review Article

Antisocial and psychopathic personality disorders can be linked to a number of biochemical abnormalities (e.g., serotonin, monoamine oxidase, and hormone dysfunctions), genetic and environmental influences, and psychological and social manifestations. Children with conduct disorders, with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, have an elevated risk for antisocial or psychopathic personality disorders in adolescence and adulthood. The presence of comorbid disorders such as substance abuse and schizophrenia have a strong negative predictive value with respect to the course, the prognosis, and the outcome of antisocial and psychopathic disorders. Furthermore, there are substantial gender differences. The rates for spontaneous remission and improvement of antisocial and psychopathic personality disorders are possibly relatively high. In fact, these rates are higher for women than for men. In the fourth decade of life, most of the antisocial and psychopathic personalities are in remission.
Criterion-Referenced Reliability and Equivalency Between the PACER and 1-Mile Run/Walk for High School Students

Background: To examine the Healthy Fitness Zone (pass/fail) criterion-referenced reliability (CRR) and equivalency (CRE) of the 1-mile run/walk (MRW) and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) in adolescents (13 to 18 years). Methods: Seventy-six girls and 165 boys were randomly assigned to complete 2 trials of each test. Results: CRR for the boys on the MRW (Pa = 77%, κq = 0.53) was lower than on the PACER (Pa = 81%, κq = 0.63); girls were classified more similarly on the MRW (Pa = 83%, κq = 0.67) than on the PACER (Pa = 79%, κq = 0.58). The CRE between the MRW and PACER indicated boys (Pa = 77%, κq = 0.55) were classified more consistently on both tests than girls (Pa = 73%, κq = 0.46). Conclusions: No test provided greater consistency. Practitioners may consider other features, such as ease of administration, environmental conditions, and comparative use in the literature.
Memory Protection through Dynamic Access Control

Current anomaly detection schemes focus on control flow monitoring. Recently, Chen et al. discovered that a large category of attacks tamper program data but do not alter control flows. These attacks are not only realistic, but are also as important as classical attacks tampering control flows. Detecting these attacks is a critical issue but has received little attention so far. In this work, we propose an intrusion detection scheme with both compiler and micro-architecture support detecting data tampering directly. The compiler first identifies program regions in which the data should not be modified as per program semantics. Then the compiler performs an analysis to determine the conditions for modification of variables in different program regions and conveys this information to the hardware and the hardware checks the data accesses based on the information. If the compiler asserts that the data should not be modified but there is an attempt to do so at runtime, an attack is detected. The compiler starts with a basic scheme achieving maximum data protection but such a scheme also suffers from high performance overhead. We then attempt to reduce the performance overhead through different optimization techniques. Our experiments show that our scheme achieves strong memory protection with tight control over the performance degradation. Thus, our major contribution is to provide an efficient scheme to detect data tampering while minimizing the overhead
Improving Power Save Protocols Using Carrier Sensing and Busy-Tones for Dynamic Advertisement Windows ∗ Technical Report December 2004

Energy efficient protocols are important in ad hoc networks since battery life for wireless devices is limited. The IEEE 802.11 protocol specifies a simple power save mechanism (PSM) to conserve energy. However, the protocol needlessly wastes energy when traffic is light in a network, and significantly increases packet latency. In this paper, we consider three techniques to improve the 802.11 PSM protocol. The first technique, Carrier Sense ATIM, uses carrier sensing to drastically reduce the energy wasted listening to the channel in 802.11 PSM. The second technique, Dynamic ATIM, dynamically extends the listening period in 802.11 PSM based on packet advertisements that are overheard. In this manner, we are able to advertise data packets just as effectively as 802.11 PSM while significantly reducing wasteful listening. The final technique, PerLink Beacon Intervals, allows sender and receiver pairs to schedule their wake-up times independent from all the other nodes in the network based on past packet arrival times. Our results show that this technique is able to significantly reduce the average packet latency causing no or relatively little increase in energy. All of the protocols are extensively tested using the ns-2 simulator.
MEROPS: the protease database

The MEROPS database (http://www.merops.ac.uk) has been redesigned to accommodate increased amounts of information still in pages of moderate size that load rapidly. The information on each PepCard, FamCard or ClanCard has been divided between several sub-pages that can be reached by use of navigation buttons in a frame at the top of the screen. Several important additions have also been made to the database. Amongst these are CGI searches that allow the user to find a peptidase by name, its MEROPS identifier or its human or mouse chromosome location. The user may also list all published tertiary structures for a peptidase clan or family, and search for peptidase specificity data by entering either a peptidase name, substrate or bond cleaved. The PepCards, FamCards and ClanCards now have literature pages listing about 10 000 key papers in total, mostly with links to MEDLINE. Many PepCards now include a protein sequence alignment and data table for matching human, mouse or rat expressed sequence tags. FamCards and ClanCards contain Structure pages showing diagrammatic representations of known secondary structures of member peptidases or family type examples, respectively. Many novel peptidases have been added to the database after being discovered in complete genomes, libraries of expressed sequence tags or data from high-throughput genomic sequencing, and we describe the methods by which these were found.
Bodily perspective taking goes social: the role of personal, interpersonal, and intercultural factors

Mentally placing the self in the physical position of another person might engage social perspective taking because participants have to match their own position with that of another. We investigated the influence of personal (sex), interpersonal (siblings, parental marital status), and cultural (individualistic, collectivistic) factors on individuals' abilities to mentally take the position of front-facing and back-facing figures in an online study (369 participants). Replicating findings from laboratory studies responses were slower for front-facing than back-facing figures. Having siblings, parents' marital status, and cultural background influenced task performance in theoretically predictable ways. The present perspective-taking task is a promising experimental paradigm to assess social perspective taking and one that is free from the response biases inherent in self-report.
Constraints on the Transfer of Perceptual Learning in Accented Speech

The perception of speech sounds can be re-tuned through a mechanism of lexically driven perceptual learning after exposure to instances of atypical speech production. This study asked whether this re-tuning is sensitive to the position of the atypical sound within the word. We investigated perceptual learning using English voiced stop consonants, which are commonly devoiced in word-final position by Dutch learners of English. After exposure to a Dutch learner’s productions of devoiced stops in word-final position (but not in any other positions), British English (BE) listeners showed evidence of perceptual learning in a subsequent cross-modal priming task, where auditory primes with devoiced final stops (e.g., “seed”, pronounced [si:th]), facilitated recognition of visual targets with voiced final stops (e.g., SEED). In Experiment 1, this learning effect generalized to test pairs where the critical contrast was in word-initial position, e.g., auditory primes such as “town” facilitated recognition of visual targets like DOWN. Control listeners, who had not heard any stops by the speaker during exposure, showed no learning effects. The generalization to word-initial position did not occur when participants had also heard correctly voiced, word-initial stops during exposure (Experiment 2), and when the speaker was a native BE speaker who mimicked the word-final devoicing (Experiment 3). The readiness of the perceptual system to generalize a previously learned adjustment to other positions within the word thus appears to be modulated by distributional properties of the speech input, as well as by the perceived sociophonetic characteristics of the speaker. The results suggest that the transfer of pre-lexical perceptual adjustments that occur through lexically driven learning can be affected by a combination of acoustic, phonological, and sociophonetic factors.
Deeply Inverted Electron-Hole Recombination in a Luminescent Antibody-Stilbene Complex

The blue-emissive antibody EP2-19G2 that has been elicited against trans-stilbene has unprecedented ability to produce bright luminescence and has been used as a biosensor in various applications. We show that the prolonged luminescence is not stilbene fluorescence. Instead, the emissive species is a charge-transfer excited complex of an anionic stilbene and a cationic, parallel π-stacked tryptophan. Upon charge recombination, this complex generates exceptionally bright blue light. Complex formation is enabled by a deeply penetrating ligand-binding pocket, which in turn results from a noncanonical interface between the two variable domains of the antibody.
The Subordination of Local Government and the Compliant Society

The paper depicts the changes that have taken place in the relationships between the state and local education authorities from the 1980s and in the freedom of the schools and the teaching profession to create and offer the curriculum. The changes are linked to a shift from the interactive to the idealist concepts of educational development. They are placed in the context of changes in assumptions about the role of local authorities and schools in sustaining democratic and professional roles and practices, and in the growth of what can be conceived of as the increasing development of a Compliance Society.
Intergroup and intragroup antiphonal songs in wild male Mueller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri)

Mueller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) sing both sex-specific and duet songs. These songs are thought to be involved in territory maintenance, as well as the maintenance of pair or family bonds. However, few observational studies have examined how gibbons interact with their neighbors through song in the wild. We have been conducting field observations of wild gibbon groups in northeast Borneo since 2001. In the Borneo Rainforest Lodge (BRL) and Danum Valley Field Center (DVFC) at the Danum Valley Conservation Area (DVCA), we observed seven episodes of alternating songs between males. Here, we describe the process of song exchange between males. During male interactions, song bouts rarely overlapped and were alternately emitted. Several studies have reported antiphonal vocalizations in New World and Old World primate species, but rarely in apes. Our observations of antiphonal songs in gibbons indicate that gibbons not only unilaterally advertise information, but also interactively communicate with neighbors and family members through songs. Since gibbons are phylogenetically similar to humans, and turn-taking has an important role in human conversation, our research on gibbon communication may provide insight into the evolution of human language.
Towards an effectiveness model of development centres.

Argues that for competence management to be a valuable tool in leveraging individual competencies to dynamic organisational core competencies, more stress should be laid on competence development. More specifically, focuses on the effectiveness of development centres (DC), in terms of personal development and pursuit of the development plan. In this way, attempts to meet the need for more studies on the whole DC process and, more specifically, on its effectiveness. Furthermore, looks to take a first step in integrating fields of coaching, self‐development and line management human resources involvement in DC studies.
Eukaryote-Like Serine/Threonine Kinases and Phosphatases in Bacteria

SUMMARY Genomic studies have revealed the presence of Ser/Thr kinases and phosphatases in many bacterial species, although their physiological roles have largely been unclear. Here we review bacterial Ser/Thr kinases (eSTKs) that show homology in their catalytic domains to eukaryotic Ser/Thr kinases and their partner phosphatases (eSTPs) that are homologous to eukaryotic phosphatases. We first discuss insights into the enzymatic mechanism of eSTK activation derived from structural studies on both the ligand-binding and catalytic domains. We then turn our attention to the identified substrates of eSTKs and eSTPs for a number of species and to the implications of these findings for understanding their physiological roles in these organisms.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ENZYMES AND PROTEINS A GH57 4-α-glucanotransferase of hyperthermophilic origin with potential for alkyl glycoside production

4-α-Glucanotransferase (GTase) enzymes (EC 2.4.1.25) modulate the size of α-glucans by cleaving and reforming α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in α-glucans, an essential process in starch and glycogen metabolism in plants and microorganisms. The glycoside hydrolase family 57 enzyme (GTase57) studied in the current work catalyzes both disproportionation and cyclization reactions. Amylose was converted into cyclic amylose (with a minimum size of 17 glucose monomers) as well as to a spectrum of maltodextrins, but in contrast to glycoside hydrolase family 13 cyclodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases), no production of cyclodextrins (C6-C8) was observed. GTase57 also effectively produced alkyl-glycosides with long α-glucan chains from dodecyl-β-D-maltoside and starch, demonstrating the potential of the enzyme to produce novel variants of surfactants. Importantly, the GTase57 has excellent thermostability with a maximal activity at 95 °C and an activity half-life of 150 min at 90 °C which is highly advantageous in this manufacturing process suggesting that enzymes from this relatively uncharacterized family, GH57, can be powerful biocatalysts for the production of large head group glucosides from soluble starch.
A computerized, self-administered questionnaire to evaluate posttraumatic stress among firefighters after the World Trade Center collapse.

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the frequency of psychological symptoms and elevated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) risk among New York City firefighters after the World Trade Center (WTC) attack and whether these measures were associated with Counseling Services Unit (CSU) use or mental health-related medical leave over the first 2.5 years after the attack. METHODS Shortly after the WTC attack, a computerized, binary-response screening questionnaire was administered. Exposure assessment included WTC arrival time and "loss of a co-worker while working at the collapse. " We determined elevated PTSD risk using thresholds derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, and a sensitivity-specificity analysis. RESULTS Of 8487 participants, 76% reported at least 1 symptom, 1016 (12%) met criteria for elevated PTSD risk, and 2389 (28%) self-referred to the CSU, a 5-fold increase from before the attack. Higher scores were associated with CSU use, functional job impairment, and mental health-related medical leave. Exposure-response gradients were significant for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This screening tool effectively identified elevated PTSD risk, higher CSU use, and functional impairment among firefighters and therefore may be useful in allocating scarce postdisaster mental health resources.
Retinol Metabolism in the Mollusk Osilinus lineatus Indicates an Ancient Origin for Retinyl Ester Storage Capacity

Although retinoids have been reported to be present and active in vertebrates and invertebrates, the presence of mechanisms for retinoid storage in the form of retinyl esters, a key feature to maintain whole-organism retinoid homeostasis, have been considered to date a vertebrate innovation. Here we demonstrate for the first time the presence of retinol and retinyl esters in an invertebrate lophotrochozoan species, the gastropod mollusk Osilinus lineatus. Furthermore, through a pharmacological approach consisting of intramuscular injections of different retinoid precursors, we also demonstrate that the retinol esterification pathway is active in vivo in this species. Interestingly, retinol and retinyl esters were only detected in males, suggesting a gender-specific role for these compounds in the testis. Females, although lacking detectable levels of retinol or retinyl esters, also have the biochemical capacity to esterify retinol, but at a lower rate than males. The occurrence of retinyl ester storage capacity, together with the presence in males and females of active retinoids, i.e., retinoic acid isomers, indicates that O. lineatus has a well developed retinoid system. Hence, the present data strongly suggest that the capacity to maintain retinoid homeostasis has arisen earlier in Bilateria evolution than previously thought.
A brief dementia screener suitable for use by non-specialists in resource poor settings—the cross-cultural derivation and validation of the brief Community Screening Instrument for Dementia

Brief screening tools for dementia for use by non‐specialists in primary care have yet to be validated in non‐western settings where cultural factors and limited education may complicate the task. We aimed to derive a brief version of cognitive and informant scales from the Community Screening Instrument for Dementia (CSI‐D) and to carry out initial assessments of their likely validity.
Neuro-sliding mode control of robotic manipulators

In this paper, a synergistic combination of neural networks with sliding mode control (SMC) is proposed. As a result, the chattering is eliminated and error performance of SMC is improved. In such an approach, two parallel NNs are proposed to realize SMC. The equivalent control and the corrective term of SMC are the outputs of the NNs. The gradient descent method is used for the weight adaptation. This novel approach is applied to control of a SCARA type robot manipulator and simulation results are given.
Perceptual Distortions Produce Multidimensional Stress Profiles in Novice Users of an Endoscopic Surgery Simulator

Objectives: We determine the impact of perceptual-motor distortions on multidimensional stress dynamics in novice users of an endoscopic/laparoscopic surgery simulator during performance of a peg-transfer task. Background: Surgeons find the endoscopic/laparoscopic surgery procedure to be more mentally stressful than open surgery. This investigation was designed to identify specific stress dimensions associated with these procedures and to determine the contributions to that stress made by loss of depth information resulting from image-guided views of the surgical field and by disruption of eye-hand mapping. Because stress reactions might depend upon familiarity with these procedures, the study focused upon novice participants. Method: An endoscopic box-simulator featured in surgical training was used in conjunction with the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire, a well-validated multidimensional stress state instrument. A control group (no perceptual distortions) viewed the simulated “surgical field” directly. Two other groups viewed the surgical field through TV images in which spatial rotation of the images was absent or in which the images were rotated 90° from the actual line of sight. Results: Performance efficiency in the simulator varied inversely with the degree of perceptual-motor distortion. Reactions reflecting increased task coping were observed in all groups. These were accompanied in the image groups by negative reactions involving decreases in hedonic tone and control and confidence and an increase in tense arousal. Conclusions: Perceptual-motor distortions are sources of complex task-induced stress profiles in novices using an endoscopic surgery simulator. Application: Procedures to reduce stress in endoscopic/laparoscopic surgery trainees may benefit from knowledge regarding specific stress dimensions involved.
Borna disease virus

Borna disease virus, a negative-strand RNA virus, infects a wide variety of warm-blooded animals. Depending on the age of the host and the integrity of its immune response, infection may be asymptomatic or cause a broad spectrum of behavioral disorders. Unusual features of Borna disease virus biology include nuclear localization of replication and transcription; diverse strategies for regulation of gene expression; and interaction with signaling pathways resulting in subtle neuropathology. Although the question of human infection remains unresolved, burgeoning interest in this unique pathogen has provided tools for exploring the pharmacology and neurochemistry of neuropsychiatric disorders potentially linked to infection. Analysis of rodent models of infection has yielded insights into mechanisms by which neurotropic agents and/or immune factors may impact developing or mature central nervous system circuitry to effect complex disturbances in movement and behavior.
Terminal Care in Cystic Fibrosis: Hospital Versus Home?

To the Editor. As a member of a pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) care team, I was struck by the contrast between my experience of the end-of-life care of those with CF and that of Robinson et al.1 Whereas all but 1 of their child and adult patients died in hospital, in the last 10 years only 43.8% (9/21) of our patients (ages 5–21 years) have died there. In Cape Town, death has tended to occur in hospital for those living far from our center where home-based care is more difficult to administer ( N = 2), those with rapid deterioration ( N = 6), and where care in hospital has been chosen (sometimes not in so many words) by the child/young person and family ( N = 1). The small number choosing in-hospital care may result from differing parental or staff attitudes …
Activism and Civil Society: Broadening Participation and Deepening Democracy.

In recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of political activism through an irruption of citizen movements – 5M or Occupy–, the birth of new political platforms –5 Stelle, Zyrisa, Podemos– and the rise of new direct action groups, such as Anonymous, Stop-Evictions Movements, cooperatives, to name just a few. In some countries this activism has not just placed substantial pressure on traditional actors of representative democracy and governments, but has also opened up opportunities for structural changes in the policymaking context and procedures (Garcia Marza, 2012).
Nordic Female Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs need both psychological and practical support when starting up their business. These support structures need to be local. This article describes three Nordic examples of such activities designed to help women get started in business. The first case deals with social entrepreneurship undertaken independently of government programmes. In the second case, social entrepreneurship has been undertaken in co‐operation with the government programmes. The last case is one where the activity forms a part of a government programme.