Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contour, interval, and pitch recognition in memory for melodies.

Melodic contour (the sequence of ups and downs in a melody, regardless of interval size) expresses those aspects of a melody that are most essential to manipulation of that melody in various musical structures, e.g., folktunes and fugues. This is demonstrated by brief analyses of actual music. Two experiments demonstrate the role of melodic contour recognition in memory for melodies. Experiment 1 (2×3 factorial design) involved short‐term memory with comparison melodies either transposed or not transposed from the key of the standard. Separate groups had the tasks of distinguishing (a) between same and different melodies; (b) between same melodies and ones with only the same contour; and (c) between melodies with the same contour and different ones. The effects of transposition and task and their interaction were significant (p<0.001). Untransposed melodies were recognized by their exact pitches, so that tasks (a) and (b) were equally easy. Contour recognition was more important with transposed melodies, .
Information retrieval algorithms: a survey

We give an overview of some algorithmic problems arising in the representation of text/image/multimedia objects in a form amenable to automated searching, and in conducting these searches efficiently. These operations are central to information retrieval and digital library systems. tional linguistics; (3) user interfaces and user models; (4) network and distributed retrieval issues including server/network performance and load balancing; (5) security, access control and rights management.
A Trust Evaluation to Help On-line Consumer to Choose the Provider in Auction Web Site

Auction on the Websites, such as eBay, is common activity for most people; but the anonymity on the web is vulnerable to malicious participants who exploit possible cheating techniques. The paper, based on the notion of transitive trust; leads to a system where reputation values correspond to the left principal eigenvector of a matrix of normalized local trust value. In addition, the paper also proposes several new and suitable metrics for the auction in the viewpoints of social network.
RAS/PI3K Crosstalk and Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Cetuximab, an antibody directed against the EGF receptor, is an effective clinical therapy for patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Despite great clinical promise, intrinsic or acquired cetuximab resistance hinders successful treatment outcomes but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Experimental Design: To study the role of oncogenic HRAS in cetuximab resistance in HNSCC, the frequency of oncogenic HRAS mutations was determined in a cohort of 180 genomic DNAs from head and neck cancer specimens. We also used a combination of cetuximab-resistant cell lines and a transgenic mouse model of RAS-driven oral cancer to identify an oncogenic RAS-specific gene expression signature that promotes cetuximab resistance. Results: Here, we show that activation of RAS signaling leads to persistent extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 signaling and consequently to cetuximab resistance. HRAS depletion in cells containing oncogenic HRAS or PIK3CA restored cetuximab sensitivity. In our study, the gene expression signature of c-MYC, BCL-2, BCL-XL, and cyclin D1 upon activation of MAPK signaling was not altered by cetuximab treatment, suggesting that this signature may have a pivotal role in cetuximab resistance of RAS-activated HNSCC. Finally, a subset of patients with head and neck cancer with oncogenic HRAS mutations was found to exhibit de novo resistance to cetuximab-based therapy. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings identify a distinct cetuximab resistance mechanism. Oncogenic HRAS in HNSCC promotes activation of ERK signaling, which in turn mediates cetuximab resistance through a specific gene expression signature. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 2933–46. ©2014 AACR.
Correlated Noise Modeling and Simulation

This paper addresses several issues in noise modeling and simulation. It shows how correlated noise can be implemented in Verilog-A, and presents a new and simple technique to simulate the noise correlation coefficient using only the standard Spice noise analysis. An analytic proof is given that the noise contributed by the distributed gate resistance of a MOSFET can be modeled by including a resistance of value 3 g R in series with the gate capacitance, which serendipitously provides good low frequency AC modeling. Analysis of series and parallel combinations of devices is done to derive fundamental geometric scaling relations for noise. Finally, implementation of correlated MOSFET gate in Verilog-A is demonstrated, and it is shown that the gate noise must be distributed between gate-source and gate-drain components to maintain proper symmetry.
Joint analysis of area and thickness of the cerebral cortex replaces cortical volume measurements

A detailed investigation of the surface-based methods for assessment of cortical volume and area from magnetic resonance images shows that volume mostly mirrors variability in surface area, while having little sensitivity to cortical thickness, and this remains the case even when volume is assessed using an improved analytic method. Using data from young adults born with very low birth weight and coetaneous controls, it is demonstrated that the permutation-based non-parametric combination (NPC) of thickness and area is more sensitive than volume for studying joint effects on these two quantities, giving equal weight to variation in both. NPC can replace current analyses of cortical volume altogether, allowing a better characterisation of processes that can concomitantly influence brain anatomy, even when their effects are in opposite directions. The method is remarkably general and can be extended to other indices of brain structure and function.
NeTS-FIND : Network Innovations for Personal , Social , and Urban Sensing Applications

This project is investigating the impact on the network architecture of a new class of applications involving embedded sensing technology as it moves from scientific, engineering, defense, and industrial contexts to the wider personal, social and urban contexts. These applications draw on sensed information about people, objects, and physical spaces to enable new kinds of social exchange and offer new and unexpected views of our communities. They require new algorithms and software mechanisms because unlike scientific applications of distributed sensing, a single system is widely distributed, intermittently connected, and privately administered; and unlike traditional Internet applications the physical inputs are critical to the behavior. The project is developing principles and abstractions that are vital for the future Internet to incorporate such applications, to identify the network fabric architecture options, and to develop the key components and services to realize them. These include network services for context verification and resolution control to enable privacy-aware and verifiable sensing, and application services for naming, dissemination, and aggregation of sensed data. In addition, the project is developing concrete instances of personal, social and urban embedded networked sensing applications to act as design drivers for the broader community of researchers architecting the new Internet core, as well tools to assist in application authoring. Ultimately, this research will yield fundamental understanding of software architectures, networking models and data processing techniques that are needed to support a citizenry actively participating in collection, sharing, and interpretation of physical sensor data in the public sphere at multiple scales.
Using Drama to Persuade

Television ads can be classified as either arguments or dramas or hybrids of these forms. We claim that form dimension influences how ads are processed. An argument backs its claims with appeals to objectivity and is processed evaluatively. A drama appeals more to subjective criteria and is processed empathically. A study is reported in which 40 television commercials were classified on a dramatization scale. They were shown to 1,215 people, and measures of evaluative and empathic processing were taken. The measures were found to be weighted differently for arguments and dramas, supporting the contention that form influences processing. Copyright 1989 by the University of Chicago.
Japanese dependency analysis using fuzzy support vector machines

This paper introduces Fuzzy Support Vector Machines (FSVMs) for Japanese dependency analysis. Japanese dependency analysis based on Support Vector Machines (SVMs) has been proposed and has achieved high accuracy. While regular SVMs try to find a decision hyperplane from two distinct classes of the input examples, FSVMs apply a fuzzy membership to each input example such that different examples can make different contributions to the decision hyperplane. For nonlinear classification problem, FSVMs can achieve good performance by reducing the effect of outliers. In this paper, a new fuzzy membership function is proposed to Japanese dependency analysis. We train an initial classifier with a small training set. The fuzzy membership is calculated by the distance from each input example to the initial hyperplane. In addition, we employ Nivre's algorithm for Japanese dependency analysis since it parses a sentence in linear-time. Experiments using the Kyoto University Corpus show that the parser using Nivre's algorithm outperforms the previous systems, and the proposed FSVMs improve the already excellent performance of SVMs for Japanese dependency analysis.
EXPLAINING THE INEXPLICABLE: TEACHING HARD SUBJECTS IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH TO UNDERGRADUATES

This article aims at providing a new methodological perspective to the teaching of Old and Middle English to undergraduates. Specifically, we are concerned with those linguistic phenomena that are treated as arbitrary from traditional approaches in diachronic linguistics. We believe it is necessary to use a framework that looks for the motivation behind apparent randomness, for example cognitive linguistics. This will help students attain a basis for the explanation of issues that otherwise would remain unaccounted. The application of a new model to diachronic studies imposes extra work on the instructor because of the need to synthesize its relevant aspects. The students will also face extra work, because on top of learning new concepts from the field of historical linguistics they will also have to assimilate the main standpoints of a novel linguistic model. We will show that efforts are worthy in the long term.
A comparative study of the evolution of vulnerabilities in IT systems and its relation to the new concept of cloud computing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to classify and categorize the vulnerability types emerged with time as information technology (IT) systems evolved. This comparative study aims to compare the seriousness of the old well-known vulnerabilities that may still exist with lower possibility of happening with that of new technologies like cloud computing with Mobility access. Cloud computing is a new structure of IT that is becoming the main part of the new model of business environment. However, issues regarding such new hype of technology do not come without obstacles. These issues have to be addressed before full acceptability of cloud services in a globalized business environment. Businesses need to be aware of issues of concerns before joining the cloud services. This paper also highlights these issues and shows the comparison table to help businesses with appropriate decision-making when joining the cloud. Design/methodology/approach – A historical review of emerged vulnerabilities as IT systems evo.
Streams of inconsistent institutional influences: Middle managers as carriers of multiple identities

Conceiving institutional effects as occurring within the boundaries of predefined institutional environments, spaces or fields leaves little leeway for understanding transnational phenomena of interaction, competition and overlapping jurisdiction of ideas, norms and regulations of multiple origin. I propose here the metaphor of intersecting institutional streams, which influence social actors due to their different origin, strength and fluidity. Thanks to a new understanding of the interaction between roles, institutionalized identities and the self, I refer to individuals not as cultural and institutional dopes, but as able, in varying degrees, to participate in multiple cultural traditions and to maintain distinctive and inconsistent action frames. I collected quantitative information on 418 Italian middle managers, working for local and international firms in Italy, and qualitative information on 113 of them. The majority in international firms enacted Anglo-Saxon identities, and more so in US and British firms; hybridizations occurred with positively perceived aspects of Italian institutions. The majority in Italian firms enacted a traditional Italian identity. Enactment was dependent on characteristics of the role (hierarchical level, international interconnectedness) and on the degree of identification with the international firm’s culture. The latter was spurred by the global integrated use of HRM practices.
Proportional navigation guidance for robotic interception of moving objects

Two novel navigation-guidance-based methods are presented for on-line-robotic-interception of fast-maneuvering objects. For the first method, an ideal proportional navigation-guidance (IPNG) technique is used during phase I of the two-phase robot trajectory planning and control strategy. For the second method, an augmented form of the IPNG (AIPNG) technique is suggested for phase I, when a reliable estimation of the acceleration of the target can be provided to the interceptor. Both techniques are modified to reflect the greater mobility of a robotic manipulator over an airborne interceptor. The convergence analyses of both methods are detailed and compared to that of a conventional moving-object tracking method. Computer simulations clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the IPNG-based interception methods over pure tracking-based techniques proposed in the cited literature. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultra-thin relative humidity sensors for hybrid system-in-foil applications

This paper presents relative humidity sensors based on electrochemical and capacitive principles. The sensors are fabricated on flexible polymer substrates, which are used for ultra-thin chip embedding. The electrochemical sensor consists of spin-coated nanosheets, which shown huge range (about 5 orders of magnitude) and fast response (< 2 s). The sensor film thickness as well as ionic conductivity change upon moisture absorption. The measured sensor relative conductance change on the flexible substrate is 368%. In addition, a 3-pm thick conventional capacitive sensor is fabricated on the polymer substrate, together with a humidity-insensitive reference capacitor. The measured sensor relative sensitivity is about 75% with a response time of about 6 s. Finally, a sensor system-in-foil is demonstrated using discrete components of the ultra-thin capacitive sensor and a 30-pm thick capacitance-to-digital readout chip.
Acute Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration

Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration is a bilateral disease characterized by a narrow band of corneal thinning localized 1–2 mm from the inferior limbus. The disease is diagnosed usually between 20 and 50 years of life, and its etiology remains obscure. During the clinical course and evolution of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration, acute hydrops with corneal edema in the lower half may develop (acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration). However, since cases of acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration are not frequently encountered in clinical practice, each new patient is evaluated ami managed with the utmost care to contribute to our better understanding of this disease. This is a report of two cases of acute pellucid marginal corneal degeneration that had a relatively favorable functional outcome when treated medically, so that corneal grafting was not necessary.
PHALLIC COMPETENCE: FATHERHOOD AND THE MAKING OF MEN IN GHANA

Popular notions of womanhood among most Ghanaian societies highlight the role of motherhood, particularly biological motherhood. It has been generally acknowledged, however, that family planning programs have not worked as well as they might have because they failed to acknowledge menfs fertility desires by focusing almost exclusively on womenfs gunmet need. h The current study investigates the meanings and significance of biological fatherhood and their relationship to constructions of masculinity among a sample of urban Ghanaian men. Data are derived from interviews on reproductive preferences and decision making among 11 men in 11 monogamous husband]wife dyads, held following a questionnaire survey among some 265 junior and senior staff/spouses of the University of Ghana in 1997 and 1998. It particularly addresses the associations men make among adulthood, marriage, manhood, and biological fatherhood. Results suggest that menfs associations between biological fatherhood and manhood, as indicated by notions of phallic competence, have important implications for marital stability, remarriage and extra]marital relationships.
Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

Bisphosphonates are used worldwide as a successful treatment for people with osteoporosis, which is the major underlying cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and older adults. These agents are successful at increasing bone mass and bone trabecular thickness, decreasing the risk of fracture, and decreasing bone pain, enabling individuals to have better quality of life. Bisphosphonates are also used to treat multiple myeloma, bone metastasis, and Paget's disease; however, bisphosphonate treatment may result in negative side effects, including osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). ONJ involves necrotic, exposed bone in the jaw, pain, possible secondary infection, swelling, painful lesions, and various dysesthesias, although less‐severe cases may be asymptomatic. First‐generation bisphosphonates, which do not contain nitrogen, are metabolized into a nonfunctional, cytotoxic analogue of adenosine triphosphate and cause osteoclast death by starvation. Second‐generation bisphosphonates are nitrogen‐containing agents; these inhibit osteoclast vesicular trafficking, membrane ruffling, morphology, and cytoskeletal arrangement by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate synthase in the mevalonate pathway. Physicians treating older adults with osteoporosis and cancer should work together with dental practitioners, pharmacists, and other clinicians to inform individuals receiving bisphosphonates of their possible side effects and to suggest precautionary steps that may minimize the risk of osteonecrosis, particularly of the jaw. These include practicing good oral hygiene; scheduling regular dental examinations and cleanings; and cautioning people who are scheduling treatment for periodontal disease, oral and maxillofacial therapy, endodontics, implant placement, restorative dentistry, and prosthodontics. Recommendations for management of people with ONJ include an oral rinse, such as chlorhexidine, and antibiotics.
Inward and Upward: Marking Out Social Class Change in London, 1981—2001

Converting the 2001 census NS-SEC categories back into SEG categories for the 1981 and 1991 censuses, the authors show that there is a continued process of class upgrading occurring within Greater London compared with the rest of England and Wales. Inner London continues to see an increase in the proportion of residents in the higher social classes (particularly in the boroughs that were already gentrified in the centre and west of the centre). In outer London, there has been a process of upwards class change, but this is being led by the intermediate social class groups and is geographically more uneven. The authors conclude that these trends provide evidence for a continued gentrification of and social upgrading in inner London. The most significant finding is that London's gentrification is now being partly driven by the expansion of the `middle' middle classes of lower professional and intermediate non-manual groups.
Communication, Relationships, and Religious Difference in the Northern Ireland Workplace: A Study of Private and Public Sector Organizations

Four large organizations, two each from the private and public sectors of the Northern Ireland economy, were selected for this study which, first, explored the effects of religion-based workforce difference on intergroup relationships, second, investigated the contribution of organizational sector to communicative differences, and third, gauged the effects of group-based negativity on the flow and distribution of functional information within the organization. Little evidence of intergroup conflict was found although employees expressed a desire for greater quantity and quality of outgroup contact. Significant differences between the private and public bodies emerged in this respect. Contrasts were consistent with general organizational differences typifying the sectors. Findings are discussed in relation to diversity management and the characteristics of organizational sectors.
Experimenting with Commodities and Gifts: The Case of an Office Hotel

The article explores four different images of the relationship between market economy and gift economy drawn from economic sociology and anthropology. Second, it presents a case study of an office hotel, which experimented with the relationship between markets and gifting by urging the companies it hosted to share knowledge and commercial contacts. Drawing on Callon's notions of framing and overflowing, the article shows how various interactions (`overflows') either displaced, supported or reinvigorated the boundaries between market and gifting at the office hotel. It notes that these overflows characteristically involved the sharing of access to interactional spaces and information about interaction partners. Finally, it suggests that a particular form of politics of exchange comes into view in the empirical case. This politics centres on the discovery of pragmatic and relatively benign forms of parasitism between modes of exchange.
Determinants, Detection and Amelioration of Adverse Impact in Personnel Selection Procedures: Issues, Evidence and Lessons Learned

Mean subgroup (gender, ethnic/cultural, and age) differences are summarized across studies for several predictor domains – cognitive ability, personality and physical ability – at both broadly and more narrowly defined construct levels, with some surprising results. Research clearly indicates that the setting, the sample, the construct and the level of construct specificity can all, either individually or in combination, moderate the magnitude of differences between groups. Employers using tests in employment settings need to assess accurately the requirements of work. When the exact nature of the work is specified, the appropriate predictors may or may not have adverse impact against some groups. The possible causes and remedies for adverse impact (measurement method, culture, test coaching, test-taker perceptions, stereotype threat and criterion conceptualization) are also summarized. Each of these factors can contribute to subgroup differences, and some appear to contribute significantly to subgroup differences on cognitive ability tests, where Black–White mean differences are most pronounced. Statistical methods for detecting differential prediction, test fairness and construct equivalence are described and evaluated, as are statistical/mathematical strategies for reducing adverse impact (test-score banding and predictor/criterion weighting strategies).