Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial Board Membership of Management and Business Journals: A Social Network Analysis Study of the Financial Times 40

We apply social network analysis to editorial board membership data for 36 of the 40 high-ranking journals forming the Financial Times list for grading business schools. Data are presented by individuals, journals, organizations and countries. Using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, journals are allocated to academic fields. Distributions of journals, editorial board members and business school staff by field are compared. Academics affiliated to US organizations predominate and highly ranked US organizations occupy the top positions for number of board memberships. Academics with high multiple board memberships come from a more diverse set of organizations but are still predominantly North American and male. We suggest that the domination of the sampled journal production system by special interest groups could permit academic patronage to prosper. We characterize the academic area of management (and business) as a loosely connected grouping of mono-disciplinary fields. Organization behaviour, strategy and enterprise/small business fields are over-represented in the Financial Times list while accounting, finance, marketing and operations research/management information systems are under-represented. We argue that domination by an elite and its fragmented mono-disciplinarity is not healthy for the management academic area.
Cytochrome P450 2E1: its clinical and toxicological role

Cytochrome (CYP) P450 2E1 is clinically and toxicologically important and it is constitutively expressed in the liver and many other tissues. In contrast to many other CYP isoenzymes, indisputable evidence for a functionally important polymorphism of CYP2E1 in the human population is lacking. CYP2E1 metabolizes a wide variety of chemicals with different structures, in particular small and hydrophobic compounds, including potential cytotoxic and carcinogenic agents. In addition, chlorzoxazone and trimethadione metabolism are good CYP2E1 probes for liver disease in vivo and in vitro. In the future, methods for fully analysing the function of CYP2E1 using knockout mice will be established.
Plagiarism: Academic dishonesty or 'blind spot' of multicultural education?

Concerns about plagiarism are on the increase within many areas of the global university system, especially in the context of the increasing number of international students that now form a key aspect of so many university programmes. Figures obtained from an investigation by The Sydney Morning Herald (Alexander, 2006) reveal something of the extent of the growing problem in Australia. For example, the University of Technology, Sydney recorded 362 counts of plagiarism in 2005, while the University of Wollongong recorded 134. It is estimated almost 3500 students have been caught plagiarising or cheating across eight Australian universities since 2001. Another article entitled ‘Plagiarism rises amid founding cuts’, in the Sydney Morning Herald (Susskind, 2006), indicated that the problem of plagiarism was exacerbated by the overseas student influx. Plagiarism may not, of course, be limited to international students: an Australian study suggests that more than 8 per cent of students have been found to pilfer large amounts of text from the web (Buckell, 2002), but according to the accusers, it does appear to be more evident among international students. Recently several initiatives have been introduced by universities in Australia and elsewhere to strengthen academic integrity, including compiling more strinPlagiarism: Academic dishonesty or ‘blind spot’ of multicultural education?
Soluble guanylyl cyclase appears in a specific subset of periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb

In the brain, nitric oxide acts as an atypical messenger in cellular nonsynaptic transmission. In the olfactory bulb, this gas is produced at the level of the olfactory glomeruli by a subpopulation of periglomerular cells that participates in the first synaptic relay of the olfactory information between the olfactory nerve and the dendritic tufts of principal cells. It has been proposed that nitric oxide modulates intraglomerular synaptic integration of sensory inputs, but its specific role in the glomerular circuitry remains to be understood. In this article, we demonstrate that, in the glomerular circuits, a specific subset of periglomerular cells, most of them expressing the calcium binding protein calbindin D‐28 k, expresses the β1 subunit of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. These cells could be the targets for the action of nitric oxide at the glomerular level via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase and production of cGMP.
Read Range Performance Comparison of Compact Reader Antennas for a Handheld UHF RFID Reader

Handheld radio frequency identification (RFID) reader units become increasingly important with the adoption of passive ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID systems in supply chain, warehouse and retail store management. Important requirements for the handheld reader unit are ergonomic size and weight, sufficient battery life and suitable read range for the desired applications. In addition, usability of the reader unit in terms of reading directions and orientations of tags has to be taken into account. This paper presents a performance comparison of compact reader antennas for a handheld UHF RFID reader unit. The reader antennas presented in this study are designed to be affixed either inside the casing of the reader unit or into an external reader antenna module. The presented antenna designs have been optimized with finite element method (FEM) modeling. The resonance frequency and bandwidth characteristics are analyzed using modeled and measured results. Read range measurement results with the antenna designs affixed to the handheld reader are presented and analyzed to verify the practical performance. All the antenna designs presented in this paper are applicable to a handheld RFID reader unit.
Optimal control for maximizing potential energy in a variable stiffness joint

Robot arms with intrinsically elastic joints became very popular over the last years. Considerable effort has been put into designing complex systems that are equipped with variable joint elasticity between motor and link. However, in contrast to the field of passively elastic locomotion, the control of elastic manipulators, where the elasticity is not considered to be a parasitic effect, is still a very young field. Recently, the optimal exploitation of the inherent arm dynamics has been identified as an interesting new problem in robot motion control. In particular, the use of the joint elasticity as a temporary energy storage mechanism e.g. for executing “explosive” motions as throwing is a promising new aspect. In this paper, we investigate the basic problem of how to optimally store potential energy into a variable stiffness joint, which is strongly related to the maximization of its kinetic energy. We provide an analytic solution for the problem and give a physical interpretation of the optimal strategy in terms of the system's kinetic and potential energy.
Normal Structure, Function, and Histology of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are traditionally regarded as having three compartments, the cortex, paracortex and medulla. B and T cells home to separate areas within these compartments, interact with antigen presenting cells, and undergo clonal expansion. This paper provides structural and functional details about how the lymph node brings lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells together. The concept of the lymphoid lobule as the basic functional and anatomic unit of the lymph node is developed and utilized to provide a framework for understanding lymph node pathobiology. Understanding the histomorphologic features of the lymphoid lobule and the role of the reticular meshwork scaffolding of the lymph node and how these related to the cortex, paracortex and medulla provides a unique approach to understanding lymph node structure and function.
Novice principals : the challenges of leadership and management in four schools in the Pinetown District.

This investigative study focused on challenges experienced by novice principals in executing their mandated leadership and management duties. A case study was conducted on four novice principals in the Pinetown District. Two headed a rural primary and high school respectively and the other two, an urban primary and high school respectively. The study investigated challenges experienced by novice principals, how they coped with these challenges and how they enacted themselves as assets to their schools. This qualitative study was located in the interpretive paradigm. Documents review, observations and semi-structured interviews constitute the research instruments for date generation. The study was framed by the distributive theory and the asset-based approach. Local and international scholastic works, on the research topic, were interrogated to seek insights into the progress so far made and determine the agenda to the explored. The analysis and discussion of the generated and presented data led to findings that demystified the world of novice principals. Clearly, they require pre-service induction or orientation, mentoring and coaching should accompany the in-service workshops for contextualisation of the theory learnt and informal networking to glean from the experience of peers. Higher stakeholder involvement and learning should be enhanced through the adoption of distributive leadership and the asset-based approach. The findings were utilised as the basis of making conclusions. It was concluded that capacity building initiatives are key to development even if novice principals are appropriately qualified, possessed accumulated experiences in leadership position as the Head of Department or Deputy principal and prior knowledge. It was also concluded that for the effective and efficient entrenchment of thee DoE’s legislated vision and direction of the democratic system of education, leadership should be shared or distributed. Individual capabilities should be determined and employed in the asset-based approach. Recommendations, informed by the conclusions were presented to facilitate how each theoretical conclusion can be translated into a workable practice in running schools effectively and efficiently.
Melanopsin (Opn4) Requirement for Normal Light-Induced Circadian Phase Shifting

The master circadian oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained to the day/night cycle by retinal photoreceptors. Melanopsin (Opn4), an opsin-based photopigment, is a primary candidate for photoreceptor-mediated entrainment. To investigate the functional role of melanopsin in light resetting of the oscillator, we generated melanopsin-null mice (Opn4 −/−). These mice entrain to a light/dark cycle and do not exhibit any overt defect in circadian activity rhythms under constant darkness. However, they display severely attenuated phase resetting in response to brief pulses of monochromatic light, highlighting the critical role of melanopsin in circadian photoentrainment in mammals.
Multiunit Bargaining in Oligopolistic Industries

A model of wage determination in unionized oligopolistic industries is developed and used to compare the outcome of collective bargaining under two different bargaining structures-one in which the workers of each firm are represented by separate and independent unions (local bargaining) and one in which a national union represents all workers in the industry. In both cases, the bargaining problem has a unique outcome with industrywide bargaining resulting in higher wages. In addition, industrywide unions are inherently stable in that there are no incentives for independent unions to attempt to cheat on the collusive agreement.
Challenges of microfinance accessibility by SMEs in Tanzania

This article is based on a research exploring the challenges of microfinance accessibility by SMEs in Tanzania. A survey research methodology is adopted utilizing primary and secondary data from a purposively selected sample of SME operators. Data is collected using questionnaires and interviews which are analysed using SPSS Statistics 17.0. The evidence gathered show that the financial sector has failed to adequately extend microfinance facilities to SMEs due to high transaction costs, lack of collaterals, inadequate skills in developing and managing bankable projects. The study concludes that where default-risk is perceived to be high, microinsurance must be taken by applicants as collateral. The article recommends initiation of intervention policies, which will uphold sustainability of SMEs and streamline accessibility to microfinance. Finally, the authors look at action-focused solutions to support and build on the potential of public equity markets to help SMEs access microfinance as an area for further studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using corporate social responsibility performance to evaluate financial disclosure credibility

Due to the paucity of immediate and direct information about financial disclosure credibility, it is often difficult for investors to assess the credibility of financial disclosures (e.g. whether reported earnings are biased). Given this situation, the present study proposes and finds that investors use additional cues, such as information about corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance, to form overall impressions about management's honesty, credibility, and trustworthiness. Similar to other findings in the halo effect literature, we find that these overall impressions subsequently influence both investors' assessments of financial disclosure credibility and the prices they are willing to pay for a company's stock. The findings support the theoretical framework on financial disclosure credibility by (1) showing that management credibility is an important tool that investors use to assess disclosure credibility and (2) suggesting that management credibility is a multidimensional latent construct for which CSR performance can be one of several relevant indicators.
The 1997 Asian Currency Crisis, Financial Linkages, and the Monetary Policy of Japan

The evidence is examined that excessively liberal monetary policy by the Bank of Japan, before and after the financial collapse of Japan in 1992, may have led other East Asian economies into “over‐borrowing” and speculative investments, prior to the currency crisis in 1997–98. The authors test for cointegration and Granger causality between Japanese money supply M1 and the domestic investment of eight East Asian economies and Australia. US and German money supplies are also used as a benchmark. There is strong evidence that there are long‐ and short‐run causal relationships between the Japanese money supply and the domestic investment of the Asian crisis‐inflicted economies prior to 1997.
An Empirical Examination of Factual Information Content among Service Advertisements

Services are generally thought to be less tangible to consumers than physical goods, a trait which may create communication diffculties for sellers of service products. To accommodate the special nature of service products and the generally greaterper ceived risk associated with them, many scholars argue that services marketers need to stress factual information in their adver tisements. While this perspective has been advanced for years, little empirical research has been conducted to examine its adoption by practitioners. In this article we investigate the extent to which the advertisers of services emphasise specifically suggested factual information cues in their messages. Over 17,000 newspaper ads and 9,800 television ads were scrutinized to reveal that services advertisements do indeed provide various proposed factual cues and that their incidence increases as ser vice products become more intangible in nature.
THE JOHN INSALL AWARD: Pain and Depression Influence Outcome 5 Years after Knee Replacement Surgery

We previously reported preoperative depression, anxiety, and pain were associated with greater pain, more utilization of healthcare resources, and worse outcome 1 year after total knee arthroplasty. We asked whether these outcomes persisted over time and whether patients with unexplained heightened pain early after surgery were ultimately satisfied. We prospectively followed and evaluated 83 patients (109 TKAs) 5 years postoperative. The mean age was 66 years; 55% were women. Preoperative pain and depression predicted lower Knee Society score mostly related to lower function subscores. Although anxiety was associated with greater pain, worse function, and more use of resources in the first year after surgery, anxiety did not affect ultimate outcome. Most patients required a full year to recover from surgery but with negligible improvements in most parameters afterward. However, patients with heightened, unexplained pain at 1 year had progressive improvement in pain over several years. By 5 years, nearly all of these patients were satisfied. Therefore, assuming good range of motion and well-aligned implants, most patients with pain 1 year after surgery can be reassured pain ultimately improves. Depression drives long-term outcomes; the Knee Society score is influenced by psychologic variables and does not solely reflect issues related to the knee. Expansion of this tool to include measures sensitive to psychologic and other health factors should be considered.Level of Evidence: Level I, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Workplace Trade Union Activists in UK Service Sector Organising Campaigns

This article examines the roles of activists as they develop during campaigns to establish a workplace union presence. Evidence shows that there is surprising variation within and between campaigns, which is explained by (i) management decision making; (ii) union policies and structures; and (iii) the skills of the activists themselves. This suggests UK union organising places considerable emphasis on supporting workplace activists with the knowledge, skills, and expertise of organisers and officers in the wider union.
Globalization, Taxation, and Burden-Shifting in Latin America

Most researchers interested in the relationship between global markets and public policy focus on advanced industrial democracies. In contrast, we examine competing hypotheses as to globalization's effect on governments by expanding the scope of the discussion to include developing nations. More specifically, we investigate the relationship between international market integration and the evolving burden of taxation on capital, as well as the subsequent response of markets to shifts in tax policy in Latin America since the late 1970s. Consistent with our theoretical expectations, we find that global market forces are more constraining vis-à-vis tax policy in Latin America than in the world's wealthiest nations. Despite these market-based pressures, however, national politics continue to influence tax policy in Latin America in a manner consistent with findings on advanced industrial democracies. As such, developing nations continue to have some room to manipulate policy, though within the context of a more strictly neoliberal context than their counterparts in advanced industrial democracies.
Isoproterenol Activates Extracellular Signal–Regulated Protein Kinases in Cardiomyocytes Through Calcineurin

Background—Extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs) and calcineurin have been reported to play important roles in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. We examined here the relation between calcineurin and ERKs in cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results—Isoproterenol activated ERKs in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats, and the activation was abolished by chelation of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA, blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels with nifedipine, or depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin. Isoproterenol-induced activation of ERKs was also significantly suppressed by calcineurin inhibitors in cultured cardiomyocytes as well as in the hearts of mice. Isoproterenol failed to activate ERKs in either the cultured cardiomyocytes or the hearts of mice that overexpress the dominant negative mutant of calcineurin. Isoproterenol elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels at both systolic and diastolic phases and dose-dependently activated calcineurin. Inhibition of calcineurin also attenuated isoproterenol-stimulated phosphorylation of Src, Shc, and Raf-1 kinase. The immunocytochemistry revealed that calcineurin was localized in the Z band, and isoproterenol induced translocation of calcineurin and ERKs into the nucleus. ConclusionsCalcineurin, which is activated by marked elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels by the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism, regulates isoproterenol-induced activation of ERKs in cardiomyocytes.
A Marketing Approach to the Tourist Experience

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss two frameworks about tourist experiences from a marketing point of view. The first one illustrates the co‐production of tourism products across the tourism and the creative industries. The second indicates some important factors influencing tourists' experiences. No matter what kind of tourism product we have in mind (e.g. a medieval festival, or a visit to a museum), the tourist will be influenced by the experiencescape, wherein personnel, other tourists, physical environment, products/souvenirs and theme/story play a major role.
Reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic responses following trehalose ingestion: implications for postprandial substrate use

The proposed impact of slowly digestible sources of dietary carbohydrate in reducing the risk of developing obesity and related metabolic disorders remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the postprandial metabolic response to the ingestion of glucose v. trehalose. We hypothesised that the reduced digestion and absorption rate of trehalose is accompanied by an attenuated glycaemic and insulinaemic response, leading to a less inhibited postprandial fat oxidation rate. In a randomised, single-blind, cross-over study, ten overweight subjects ingested two carbohydrate drinks (75 g carbohydrate equivalents of trehalose or glucose) following an overnight fast (08.40 hours) and together with a standardised mixed meal (12.30 hours; 25 % total energy content was provided as either glucose or trehalose). Blood samples were collected before ingestion and every 30 min thereafter for a period of 3 h; substrate use was assessed by indirect calorimetry and expired breath samples were collected. Ingestion of carbohydrates with a mixed meal resulted in a lower peak glucose response and a lower change in area under the curve (ΔAUC) following trehalose when compared with glucose. Differences in peak insulin response and ΔAUC were observed with trehalose when compared with glucose during the morning and afternoon. These differences were accompanied with a reduced carbohydrate oxidation after trehalose when ingested as a drink, whilst no significant differences in fat oxidation between drink were observed.
Testing the Uncorrelatedness of Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Shocks in VAR Models

In structural vector autoregression models, the underlying shocks are assumed to be uncorrelated with one another. We examine the empirical relevance of this uncorrelatedness assumption in a wellknown model by Blanchard and Quah (1989). To derive a testable form, the Blanchard and Quah model is transformed into a cointegration representation. This alternative setup is extended to allow for testing of the uncorrelatedness between aggregate supply and aggregate demand shocks. Empirical evidence reveals that the two structural shocks are not correlated in any of the six G-7 countries under study. However, when a different identification scheme is adopted, they are correlated in some cases.