Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Length-weight relationships and condition factors of five marine fish species collected from the Meghna River estuary of Bangladesh

1-Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh 2-Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan 3-Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, 75270 Karachi, Pakistan 4-Department of Zoology, SBK Women University Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan 5-Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 6-Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology (FAST) UTHM, Malaysia 7-Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan 8-Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Pakistan 9-Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia * Corresponding Author: habib.ulhassan@yahoo.com ; a.habib@umt.edu. my
Fraction of excitatory inputs required by a visual neuron to fire.

The properties of visual neurons are often quantified in terms of sharpness of orientation tuning, direction selectivity, etc. How do these quantifiers translate in terms of input/output function of a spiking neuron? In this paper, we attempt to estimate the fraction of active excitatory inputs required by a visual neuron to fire on the basis of orientation selectivity data and V1 cells connectivity data. The mean tuning width of the firing rate response of V1 cells to a drifting sinusoidal grating is around 20o orientation, however the tuning of its membrane potential variations is closer to 40o (Carandini & Ferster, 2000). This difference is an effect of the firing threshold. The orientation selectivity is due to LGN inputs corresponding to areas aligned in the visual space, as originally proposed by Hubel and Wiesel (1962). More specifically, V1 neurons receive inputs from selected centre-ON and centre-OFF neurons in the LGN in such a way as to exhibit elongated receptive fields with ON and OFF areas. A neuron is excited by bright spots falling in the ON area and dark spots (darker than the background illumination) falling on the OFF area. It is however be inhibited by the reverse pattern of stimulation (dark on ON and bright on OFF). This is termed the push-pull mechanism. Inhibition is shown to arise via intra-cortical relay cells (Hirsch et al., 1998). When a grating stimulus made of dark and bright bars is moved over the receptive field, it successively activates and inhibits the V1 cell. If the grating has the optimal orientation and is moved at the optimal speed, the cell will firing strongly during the phases of excitation (Carandini & Ferster, 2000). It is possible that inhibitory rebound also contributes to the spiking. At a less than optimal orientation, ON and OFF receptive field are exposed to a mixture of dark and bright parts of bars and are never highly excited or highly inhibited. Firing is then less vigorous during excitation. Beyond a given angle of mismatch, the current I+ generated by excitatory inputs to the V1 cell can no longer compensate for the loss I- due to inhibitory inputs and the cell stops firing. We try to estimate the fraction of active excitatory inputs at that point.
N A TTENTION F REE T RANSFORMER

We introduce Attention Free Transformer (AFT), an efficient variant of Transformers (Vaswani et al., 2017) that eliminates the need for dot product attention. AFT offers great simplicity and efficiency compared with standard Transformers, where the multi-head attention operation is replaced with the composition of element-wise multiplications/divisions and global/local pooling. During training time, AFT has linear time and space complexity w.r. t. both the sequence length and feature dimension; in the autoregressive decoding mode, AFT has constant memory and time complexity per step. We show that, surprisingly, we are able to train AFT effectively on challenging benchmarks, and also to match or surpass the standard Transformer counterparts and other efficient variants. In particular, AFT achieves the state-of-the-art result on CIFAR10 autoregressive modeling with much reduced complexity, and also outperforms several efficient Transformer variants on Enwik8.
Parallel Confocal Microscopy Using High-Order Axially Symmetric Polarized Beams

A novel scheme of parallel confocal microscopy using high-order axially symmetric polarized beams (ASPBs) is proposed. The basic concept of ASPBs is introduced first, then the principle of the scheme is presented, finally some numerical results are shown to verify the feasibility of the scheme. Seen from the results, multiple imaging spots are obtained and the size of spots is about 70% of the spot size in the single lens microscopy, and a kind of high temporal and spatial resolution parallel confocal microscopy is achieved, which may find wide applications in the fields of 3D profile measurement and biomedical imaging. Microsc. Res. Tech. 00:000–000, 2015. VC 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and SYNTAX score in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ST-segment yükselmeli miyokard infarktüsünde nötrofil lenfosit orani ve syntax skoru arasindaki ilişki

Objective: We aimed to assess relationship between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by SYNTAX score (SS) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI. Methods: After accounting for exclusion criteria, a total of 291 patient with STEMI in whom primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed were retrospectively included (216 male, 75 female; mean age 61.6+14.0 years). Total and differential leukocyte counts and other biochemical markers were measured at admission. Patients were categorized into tertiles on the basis of SS. Monitoring for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) was performed during the in hospital follow-up period. Results: The SS high group leukocyte (p=0.009), neutrophil (p=0.008), NLR (p=0.048), peak troponin (p<0.001), peak CK-MB (p=0.001) lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.005), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.004) values were significantly higher compared with SSlow and SSmid groups. SS was increased, left ventricular ejection fraction was decrease (p<0.001) and left ventricular systolic diameter was increased (p=0.007). The in-hospital death rate and MACEs were greater in the high SS group than in the other groups (p<0.001 both of). Conclusion: We found that high NLR was significantly and correlated increased with SS. In addition, high SS were significantly associated with increased in-hospital MACE and in-hospital death. Further prospective studies assessing the predictive role of both SS and NLR in conjunction for risk stratification might improve risk predic tion in patients with STEMI. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 211-218
Characterization of inter-ELM magnetic oscillations on ASDEX Upgrade

F. Mink1,2∗, E. Wolfrum1, M. Maraschek1, H. Zohm1, L. Horváth3, E. Viezzer1, F.M. Laggner4, M. Dunne1, P. Manz2,1, U. Stroth1,2, the ASDEX Upgrade Team1 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany 2 Physik Department, E28, TUM, 85748 Garching, Germany 3 York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York, YO105DD, UK 4 Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Fusion@ÖAW, 1040 Vienna, Austria
Reinforcement Learning for Ridesharing: A Survey

In this paper, we present a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the literature on reinforcement learning approaches to ridesharing problems. Papers on the topics of rideshare matching, vehicle repositioning, ride-pooling, and dynamic pricing are covered. Popular data sets and open simulation environments are also introduced. Subsequently, we discuss a number of challenges and opportunities for reinforcement learning research on this important domain.
An Eulerian-Lagrangian model to study the operation mechanism of Stirling pulse tube refrigerators

This paper is aimed to study the operation mechanism of Stirling pulse tube refrigerators (PTRs) by tracing working gas elements characteristics at the cold end of the system using both Eulerian and Eulerian-Lagrangian (E-L) methods. The main objective of the investigations is to demonstrate non-symmetry effects in the pulse tube section of the system. Elemental cyclic-enthalpy transfer of simple (S), double-inlet (DI) and multi-mesh regenerator (MM) PTRs are also investigated to demonstrate the effects of DI and MM systems on the refrigeration mechanism of PTRs. It is shown that the elemental cyclic-enthalpy transfer of SPTR is less than those of DIPTR, MMPTR and MMDIPTR, though it's elemental cyclic-temperature reduction is more than the others; because, the mass flow rate upon cold end of the SPTR is less than the others. Regarding the reduction of losses in DIPTR and MMPTR, their cold end mean pressure and density increase which consequently lead the cold end mass flow rate and cyclic-enthalpy transfer to increases. Increase in enthalpy transfer of MM-PTR, MM-DIPTR and DIPTR consequently improves their cooling performance.
to Leeds Beckett

: Fitness testing is common practice within youth athletes. However, the interpretation of fitness data often occurs within chronological annual-age categories, resulting in athletes being (dis)advantaged due to age or maturity discrepancies. Instead, evaluating fitness performance against rolling averages may be more appropriate. This article presents a novel method for analyzing fitness testing data in youth athletes using Z-scores according to rolling averages for both chronological age and maturity status. This analysis technique allows the dual ability to interpret youth fitness performance according to age and maturation, enhancing accuracy of data interpretation for talent identification, development and strength and conditioning programming. or negative Z-score results show whether the athlete is performing above or below the average compared to the comparative group. The calculation and reporting of Z-scores are a useful technique for evaluating individual data relative to a specific broader population, whether that be a training group, team, representative academy or whole populations of participants.
A Curve-Based Mixed System Rating Method for Unitary Air Conditioners

1 Acknowledgement. 2 1: Introduction . 3 2: Tested Mixed Evaporators . 4 3: Mixed Evaporator Capacity Determination . 5 3.1: Experimental setup. 5 3.2: Data acquisition and measurement uncertainty . 6 3.3: Test conditions and procedure. 7 3.4: Evaporator capacity curve fits and characterization. 8 4: Mixed System Performance Prediction. 16 4.1: Calculation of Q(95), Q(82) and EER(82) . 16 4.2: Calculation of SEER. 18 5: NIST Predictions and ARI Database Comparison . 20 5.1: A-Test capacity comparison . 20 5.2: B-Test EER comparison. 24 5.3: SEER comparison. 27 6: Generating an Evaporator Capacity Line Using EVAP-COND . 28 7: Uncertainty of the C-B Method. 30 7.1: Uncertainty of the evaporator capacity linear fit . 30 7.2: Uncertainty of C-B Method Q(95) and EER . 33 8: Concluding Remarks. 34 References. 37 Appendix A: Evaporator Coil Descriptions . 39 Appendix B: Uncertainty Analysis . 48 Appendix C: Cooling Measurement Summary Sheets. 57
A Piecewise Continuous Approach For On-line Identification Of Continuous-time Plants

This paper proposes an original method for recursive on-line plant identification. The method identifies directly a linear continuous time state space model of the plant from full state measurement through a black box approach. The basic principle consists in using a reference model, called clone, which runs in parallel so as to reproduce the behaviour of the plant. To do so, the state error between the plant and its clone is minimised by means of an adaptive algorithm that tunes the clone's varying parameters iteratively. These parameters represent the estimators of those of the plant. The originality lies in the particular structure of the clone. The latter is in fact a Piecewise Continuous System (PCS) characterised by exogenous switchings of its state. The method is appropriate for real time applications, where real plants are controlled by digital calculators. Results from a computer simulation and a real time application are given.
Novel Night and Day Control of a PV Solar System as a STATCOM (PV-STATCOM) for Damping of Power Oscillations

i Acknowledgments. iv List of Abbreviations . v List of Symbols . vii List of Tables . xvii List of Figures . xviii List of Appendices . xxv Chapter 1 . 1
Simulations of a beam-driven plasma antenna in the regime of plasma transparency

In this paper, the theoretically predicted possibility to increase the efficiency of electromagnetic radiation generated by a thin beam-plasma system in the regime of oblique emission, when a plasma column becomes transparent to radiation near the plasma frequency, is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. If a finite-size plasma column has a longitudinal density modulation, such a system is able to radiate electromagnetic waves as a dipole antenna. This radiation mechanism is based on the conversion of an electron beam-driven potential plasma wave on the periodic perturbation of plasma density. In this case, the frequency of radiated waves appears to be slightly lower than the plasma frequency. That is why their fields enable the penetration into the plasma only to the skin-depth. This case is realized when the period of density modulation coincides with the wavelength of the most unstable beam-driven mode, and the produced radiation escapes from the plasma in the purely transverse direction. In the recent theoretical paper [I. V. Timofeev et al. Phys. Plasmas 23, 083119 (2016)], however, it has been found that the magnetized plasma can be transparent to this radiation at certain emission angles. It means that the beam-to-radiation power conversion can be highly efficient even in a relatively thick plasma since not only boundary layers but also the whole plasma volume can be involved in the generation of electromagnetic waves. Simulations of steady-state beam injection into a pre-modulated plasma channel confirm the existence of this effect and show limits of validity for the simplified theoretical model.In this paper, the theoretically predicted possibility to increase the efficiency of electromagnetic radiation generated by a thin beam-plasma system in the regime of oblique emission, when a plasma column becomes transparent to radiation near the plasma frequency, is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. If a finite-size plasma column has a longitudinal density modulation, such a system is able to radiate electromagnetic waves as a dipole antenna. This radiation mechanism is based on the conversion of an electron beam-driven potential plasma wave on the periodic perturbation of plasma density. In this case, the frequency of radiated waves appears to be slightly lower than the plasma frequency. That is why their fields enable the penetration into the plasma only to the skin-depth. This case is realized when the period of density modulation coincides with the wavelength of the most unstable beam-driven mode, and the produced radiation escapes from the plasma in the purely transverse direction. I.
WALKING WITH COMPLIANT LEGS: ROBUSTNESS OR EFFICIENCY

In humans the most common gait is walking on two legs. Although the leg is almost extended during stance phase, the leg dynamics during stance with two humps in the pattern of ground reaction force can be well described by compliant leg behavior as described by the bipedal spring-mass model [1]. One necessary criterion for successful locomotion is stability in order to prevent from falling. Within the spring-mass model, self-stable walking has been found, however, stability was analyzed based on rather small perturbations as usual in nonlinear dynamics theory.
CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE IN CLINICALLY STABLE PATIENTS WITH MILD-TO-MODERATE OBESITY-HYPOVENTILATION SYNDROME AND OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA 1

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain 2 Respiratory Diseases Research Network (CibeRes) 3 Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain 5 Department of Biochemistry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain 6 Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de LLobregat, Spain 7 Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain 8 Research Network for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases CIBERDEM
Multiscale Characterization of the Probability Density Functions of Velocity and Temperature Increment Fields.

DEMARCO, ADAM WARD. Multiscale Characterization of the Probability Density Functions of Velocity and Temperature Increment Fields. (Under the direction of Dr. Sukanta Basu and Dr. Russell Philbrick.) The turbulent motions with the atmospheric boundary layer exist over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales and are very difficult to characterize. Thus, to explore the behavior of such complex flow enviroments, it is customary to examine their properties from a statistical perspective. Utilizing the probability density functions of velocity and temperature increments, δu and δT , respectively, this work investigates their multiscale behavior to uncover the unique traits that have yet to be thoroughly studied. Utilizing diverse datasets, including idealized, wind tunnel experiments, atmospheric turbulence field measurements, multi-year ABL tower observations, and mesoscale models simulations, this study reveals remarkable similiarities (and some differences) between the small and larger scale components of the probability density functions increments fields. This comprehensive analysis also utilizes a set of statistical distributions to showcase their ability to capture features of the velocity and temperature increments’ probability density functions (pdfs) across multiscale atmospheric motions. An approach is proposed for estimating their pdfs utilizing the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique, which has never been conducted utilizing atmospheric data. Using this technique, we reveal the ability to estimate higher-order moments accurately with a limited sample size, which has been a persistent concern for atmospheric turbulence research. With the use robust Goodness of Fit (GoF) metrics, we quantitatively reveal the accuracy of the distributions to the diverse dataset. Through this analysis, it is shown that the normal inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution is a prime candidate to be used as an estimate of the increment pdfs fields. Therefore, using the NIG model and its parameters, we display the variations in the increments over a range of scales revealing some unique scale-dependent qualities under various stability and flow conditions. This novel approach can provide a method of characterizing increment fields with the sole use of only four pdf parameters. Also, we investigate the capability of the current state-of-the-art mesoscale atmospheric models to predict the features and highlight the potential for use for future model development. With the knowledge gained in this study, a number of applications can benefit by using our methodology, including the wind energy and optical wave propagation fields.
A new strategy for finite‐element analysis of shell structures using trimmed quadrilateral shell meshes: A paving and cutting algorithm and a pentagonal shell element

In this paper, we present a novel scheme to generate trimmed quadrilateral shell meshes using a paving and cutting algorithm. Paving with well‐shaped quadrilateral shell elements is initiated from a seed element placed in the interior of a geometric surface and proceeds around the boundary of the paved mesh in all directions. The paved all‐quadrilateral mesh covering the entire domain is cut by the boundaries of a geometric surface. Pentagonal shell elements are created by cutting the corners of quadrilateral shell elements at the domain boundaries. Pentagonal shape functions are constructed using Wachspress coordinates, and assumed natural strains in the form of the mixed interpolation of tensorial components approach are employed to avoid the transverse shear locking of pentagonal shell elements. Several numerical examples are investigated to show the effectiveness of the present method.
Issues and challenges in the performance analysis of real disk arrays

The performance modeling and analysis of disk arrays is challenging due to the presence of multiple disks, large array caches, and sophisticated array controllers. Moreover, storage manufacturers may not reveal the internal algorithms implemented in their devices, so real disk arrays are effectively black-boxes. We use standard performance techniques to develop an integrated performance model that incorporates some of the complexities of real disk arrays. We show how measurement data and baseline performance models can be used to extract information about the various features implemented in a disk array. In this process, we identify areas for future research in the performance analysis of real disk arrays.
Passive low energy nuclear recoil detection with color centers -- PALEOCCENE

The PALEOCCENE concept offers the potential for room-temperature, passive and robust detectors in the gram to kilogram range for the detection of low-energy nuclear recoil events. Nuclear recoil events can be caused by neutron scattering, coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CEvNS) or dark matter scattering and therefore, PALEOCCENE could find applications in all three areas. In this white paper we present current and planned R&D efforts to study the feasibility of this technique.
A multilevel perspective to the study of export venture performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present several opportunities that can emerge from using a multilevel approach to study the antecedents of export venture performance, and provide scholars with the conceptual and practical tools for developing multilevel models of export venture success. Design/methodology/approach Essay. Findings The paper shows the problems which scholars face if they continue to engage in using single venture data to test models that are inherently multilevel in nature. Research limitations/implications There may be a need to revisit previous works that utilize samples of single ventures to assess models of export venture performance that are implicitly multilevel. Practical implications This paper outlines the practical issues that researchers need to consider when conducting multilevel research in the export venture performance field. Originality/value This paper is the first to focus on the multilevel nature of the export venture performance construct.
Multimodal Remote Sensing Benchmark Datasets for Land Cover Classification

Over the past few decades, a large collection of feature ex-traction and classification algorithms have been developed for land cover mapping using remote sensing data. Although these methods have shown the gradually-increasing performance, their potential inevitably meets the bottleneck due to the lack of high-quality and diversified remote sensing bench-mark datasets, particularly for the multimodal cases. Accordingly, this, to a larger extent, limits the development of the corresponding methodologies and the practical application of land cover classification. To this end, we aim in this pa-per to introduce and build several multimodal remote sensing benchmark datasets for land cover classification. Further-more, two new multimodal land cover classification bench-mark datasets, i.e., Berlin and Augsburg, are openly available. Experiments are conducted on the two datasets for evaluating the performance of several multimodal feature learning and classification methods.