Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Exposure to chronic stress is a reliable predictor of depressive disorders, and social stress is a common ethologically relevant stressor in both animals and humans. However, many animal models of depression were developed in males and are not applicable or effective in studies of postpartum females. Recent studies have reported significant effects of chronic social stress during lactation, an ethologically relevant and effective stressor, on maternal behavior, growth, and behavioral neuroendocrinology. This manuscript will describe this chronic social stress paradigm using repeated exposure of a lactating dam to a novel male intruder, and the assessment of the behavioral, physiological, and neuroendocrine effects of this model. Chronic social stress (CSS) is a valuable model for studying the effects of stress on the behavior and physiology of the dam as well as her offspring and future generations. The exposure of pups to CSS can also be used as an early life stress that has long term effects on behavior, physiology, and neuroendocrinology.
On the energy efficiency of analog circuits in nanoscale CMOS technologies

Energy efficiency plays an important role in the design of high performance analog integrated circuits. With the introduction of nanoscale (sub-100 nm) CMOS technologies, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain the energy efficiency for high accuracy analog circuits. This paper derives figure-of-merit (FOM) limits for general analog circuits and discusses some design criteria that can be utilized to mitigate the impact of scaling on energy efficiency.
Short-Term Power Forecasting Model for Photovoltaic Plants Based on Historical Similarity

This paper proposes a new model for short-term forecasting of electric energy production in a photovoltaic (PV) plant. The model is called HIstorical SImilar MIning (HISIMI) model; its final structure is optimized by using a genetic algorithm, based on data mining techniques applied to historical cases composed by past forecasted values of weather variables, obtained from numerical tools for weather prediction, and by past production of electric power in a PV plant. The HISIMI model is able to supply spot values of power forecasts, and also the uncertainty, or probabilities, associated with those spot values, providing new useful information to users with respect to traditional forecasting models for PV plants. Such probabilities enable analysis and evaluation of risk associated with those spot forecasts, for example, in offers of energy sale for electricity markets. The results of spot forecasting of an illustrative example obtained with the HISIMI model for a real-life grid-connected PV plant, which shows high intra-hour variability of its actual power output, with forecasting horizons covering the following day, have improved those obtained with other two power spot forecasting models, which are a persistence model and an artificial neural network model.
Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy among Women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Globally, death of women due to HIV/AIDS related causes during pregnancy or within 42 days after pregnancy was estimated to be 37,000. In Ethiopia, 42,900 pregnant women living with HIV gave birth in the year 2011. This study was aimed to assess incidence and predictors of pregnancy among women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data recorded from September 2011 to August 2015. Data was extracted from February to March, 2016, from 1,239 records and analyzed using SPSS version 16. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the probabilities of being pregnant. The Cox proportional hazards model was done and results were expressed using hazard ratios with 95% CI. A total of 1,239 women on ART were included in the study. The incidence of pregnancy was 49.2 per 1,000 person-years. Living in rural, being married, being widowed, being unemployed, and having <2 children at enrollment were found to be positively associated with being pregnant. The incidence of pregnancy among women on ART was found to be considerable. Provision of family planning and other reproductive health interventions have to be coupled with the ART service to address the problem.
Disordered eating in adulthood is associated with reported weight loss attempts in childhood.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether history of attempted weight loss in childhood (age ≤ 12 years) is associated with binge eating disorder (BED) and unhealthy weight loss behaviors in adults. METHOD Cross-sectional analysis from baseline visit data of 588 participants of a clinical trial. Data were collected from survey answers on health status, nutritional status, weight loss history, and weight loss behaviors. RESULTS History of childhood weight loss attempts was associated with high odds of BED in adults (odds ratio [OR] 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-6.3) and high odds of unhealthy weight loss behaviors (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.2, 2.6). A linear trend was observed in which young age at first attempted weight loss was associated with increased odds of both BED and unhealthy weight loss behaviors. DISCUSSION Weight loss attempts in childhood may be a risk factor for the development of unhealthy eating behaviors and BED in adults.
Neuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance imaging investigations of anterior temporal lobe language function in patients with epilepsy : a pilot study

The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) sustains a degree of damage during surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and although classical language models implicate the ATL in language function, and naming difficulties are commonly reported by TLE patients post-surgically, the role of the ATL in language is not well understood. The present study aimed to examine the role of the ATL in language function, and methods for evaluating pre- and post-surgical language function of the ATL in patients with epilepsy using two approaches. The first study employed neuropsychological testing of pre-and post-surgical TLE patients on 3 conventional tests of language function, the Boston Naming Test (BNT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) and Animal Fluency, and one novel test: The Category Specific Names Test (CSNT). The CSNT was selected in an attempt to compensate for the problems of heterogeneous items, and the low ceiling in the BNT. Results of the CSNT had not been previously validated with TLE patients, and had not been routinely used in Australia. The second study looked at ATL activation in healthy controls and TLE patients using two new functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks. For the neuropsychological study, Bayesian analysis showed that the BNT was effective in differentiating left from right TLE in a sample of 42 patients with intractable epilepsy (LR+ = 8.37). The COWAT, Animal Fluency and the CSNT were not effective in differentiating left from right TLE. Very small likelihood ratios indicated only modest changes from pre-test odds. For the fMRI component of the study, although the two new fMRI tasks (Famous Faces naming, and Sentence Reading) resulted in the expected activation of language areas in group averaged data, they did not elicit consistent ATL activation across individuals, and subsequently did not meet the iii criteria recommended for fMRI protocol development recommended by Schwartz, Devinsky, Doyle and Perrine. (1997). Their inclusion in an fMRI protocol was not supported. Findings of the present study have important implications for pre-surgical evaluation of ATL language function in patients with epilepsy. Preliminary evidence was not found to support the use of the CSNT in patients with epilepsy. Results suggest that the BNT alone should be used for detecting naming impairment in patients with left-sided epilepsy. Benefits of using Bayesian analysis to examine the clinical applicability of research results, rather than conventional Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (parameter statistical) techniques are discussed.
Axonal tubulin and axonal microtubules: biochemical evidence for cold stability

Nerve extracts containing tubulin labeled by axonal transport were analyzed by electrophoresis and differential extraction. We found that a substantial fraction of the tubulin in the axons of the retinal ganglion cell of guinea pigs is not solubilized by conventional methods for preparation of microtubules from whole brain. In two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis this cold-insoluble tubulin was biochemically distinct from tubulin obtained from whole brain microtubules prepared by cold cycling. Cleveland peptide maps also indicated some differences between the cold-extractable and cold- insoluble tubulins. The demonstration of cold-insoluble tubulin that is specifically axonal in origin permits consideration of the physiological role of cold-insoluble tubulin in a specific cellular structure. It appears likely that much of this material is in the form of cold-stable microtubules. We propose that the physiological role of cold-insoluble tubulin in the axon may be associated with the regulation of the axonal microtubule complexes in neurons.
Evaluation of Patent Foramen Ovale in Young Adults with Cryptogenic Stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide. Although a minority of ischemic strokes in the community affect younger adults, up to 40% of acute ischemic strokes in young adults are cryptogenic in nature, that is, no cause is determined. Underlying pathologies of stroke of unknown cause are multiple, including patent foramen ovale (PFO). The PFO is the most common defect of atrial septum of the heart. This study evaluated the frequency of PFO in brain stroke with unknown etiology in patients younger than 50 years of age in Kerman. METHODS This cross-sectional study was done in Shafa Medical Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2008. For detection of the PFO, we used agitated saline test with transcranial Doppler sonography in brain stroke patients with unknown etiology and also a control group (normal persons). RESULTS PFO was found in 53% of patients. No significant difference was observed between sexes. The rate in the control group was 20%. Patients with large PFO had 2 or more attacks of stroke. Subjects in the control group did not have large PFO. CONCLUSION One of the most important underlying causes in young adults with cryptogenic stroke is PFO. It is better to prescribe antiplatelet drugs in patients with the first attack of stroke, but as for patients with recurrent stroke, closure of PFO must be considered.
‘A good wife stays home’: gendered negotiations over state agricultural programmes, upland Vietnam

Rural and livelihood studies, alongside development organisations, are stressing the importance of gender awareness in debates over food security, food crises and land tenure. Yet, within the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, these gender dynamics are frequently disregarded. In Vietnam, rice is intimately linked to the country's food security. Over the last decade, rice export levels, production methods, and local and global market prices have remained constant preoccupations for governmental and development agencies. Steadfast official approval for agricultural technologies and intensification has seen the domestic growth and importation of hybrid varieties of rice and maize seeds. Yet, the impacts of these technologies on upland ethnic minority rice producers and consumers in Vietnam have been overlooked. For these women and men, such as Hmong and Yao farmers, food security is a daily concern for their near-subsistence livelihoods. While strongly encouraged to grow these new seeds, insufficient research has examined the social realities and experiences of these upland minority groups. Moreover, how such agrarian policies and practices are being implicated in reconfiguring gender roles, relations and identities through transformations to individual and household livelihoods has been ignored. In this article, we focus on the gendered consequences of the government's hybrid rice programme for upland farmers. We reveal recent impacts on family relations, including rising intergenerational tensions across genders, and shifting responsibilities and new negotiations between young spouses. These dynamics are further complicated by household economic status, as household members access specific opportunities available to them to improve everyday food security.
Bayesian Parameter Estimation Using Single-Bit Dithered Quantization

The Bayesian parameter estimation problem using a single-bit dithered quantizer is considered. This problem arises, e.g., for channel estimation under low-precision analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) at the receiver. Based on the Bayesian Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB), bounds on the mean squared error are derived that hold for all dither strategies with strictly causal adaptive processing of the quantizer output sequence. In particular, any estimator using the binary quantizer output sequence is asymptotically (in the sequence length) at least 10 log10 (π/2) ≈ 1.96 dB worse than the minimum mean squared error estimator using continuous observations, for any dither strategy. Moreover, dither strategies are designed that are shown by simulation to closely approach the derived lower bounds.
Explaining Cointegration Analysis: Part II

We describe the concept of cointegration, its implications in modelling and forecasting, and discuss inference procedures appropriate in integrated-cointegrated vector autoregressive processes (VARs). Particular attention is paid to the properties of VARs, to the modelling of deterministic terms, and to the determination of the number of cointegration vectors. The analysis is illustrated by empirical examples.
PLASMA CHEMISTRY REFERENCE VALUES IN OSTRICHES

Reference values for 18 plasma chemical variables in blue neck ostriches (Struthio camelus australis, n = 60, age 24–36 mo) were established for use in veterinary clinical practice using nonparametric statistics. The following values were established for the percentiles P2.5 and P97.5: sodium 147–157 mmol/L, calcium 2.4–4.8 mmol/L, inorganic phosphate 1.3–2.3 mmol/L, chloride 94–105 mmol/L, glucose 10.3–13.7 mmol/L, urea 0.5–0.8 mmol/L, uric acid 351–649 μmol/L, bile acids 8–33 μmol/L, total protein 39–56 g/L, albumin-globulin ratio 0.45–0.59, osmolality 304–330 mOsm/kg, alkaline phosphate 69–217 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase 243–418 IU/L, gamma-glutamyltransferase 0–1 IU/L, creatine kinase 1648–4894 IU/L, glutamate dehydrogenase 8–17 IU/L, and lactate dehydrogenase 860–2236 IU/L. The plasma calcium concentration was significantly (P < 0.001; r = 0.74) related to the total protein concentration and an adjustment-formula for calcium was derived: adjusted Ca (mmol/L) = Ca (mmol/L) – 0.09 TP (g/L) + 4.4. The influence of blood sample treatment on the plasma potassium concentration as seen in other avian species was demonstrated in a separate experiment, emphasizing the need to separate plasma and cells immediately after collection in avian blood samples.
The Contamination Pattern of Fishing Ground and Fish Caught as Effect of Economic Activities around Maninjau Lake

Maninjau Lake is the territorial waters of which contribute greatly to fish production in Agam, West Sumatra. But a lot of waste of economic activities discharged into the lake. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of fishing, contamination status of fishing ground and fish caught, to analyze the contamination pattern of fishing ground and fish caught as effect of economic activity waste. The methods used are descriptive method, physic-chemical analysis, correlation method, and multiple regression method. The results showed the fishing in Lake Maninjau, generally using langli net, lift net, hook and lines, and cast net. While the main fish caught are nile tilapia, bada fish, rinuak fish, carp, and limbek fish. Fishing ground in Maninjau Lake contaminated by ammonia, garbage, Cd and Hg metals, while the fish caught, there was found to have gills dirty. Significantly, fishing ground disturbed by the waste of hydropower (X1), lake tourism (X2), settlements (X4), and KJA fisheries (X5). The contamination pattern of fishing ground formulated by Y1=0,220X1+0,085X2+0,227X4+0,204X5-4,540. Fish production disturbed significantly by the waste from hotel and restaurants (X3), seattlements (X4), and KJA fisheries (X5). The contamination pattern of fish caught, represented by a decrease in fish production (Y2) formulated by Y2 =1,195X3+2,152X4+5,140X5-41,664.
“Why would anybody do this?”: Older Adults’ Understanding of and Experiences with Crowd Work

Diversifying participation in crowd work can benefit the worker and requester. Increasing numbers of older adults are online, but little is known about their awareness of or how they engage in mainstream crowd work. Through an online survey with 505 seniors, we found that most have never heard of crowd work but would be motivated to complete tasks by earning money or working on interesting or stimulating tasks. We follow up results from the survey with interviews and observations of 14 older adults completing crowd work tasks. While our survey data suggests that financial incentives are encouraging, in-depth interviews reveal that a combination of personal and social incentives may be stronger drivers of participation, but only if older adults can overcome accessibility issues and understand the purpose of crowd work. This paper contributes insights into how crowdsourcing sites could better engage seniors and other users.
Optical performance measurement and night driving simulation of ReSTOR, ReZoom, and Tecnis multifocal intraocular lenses in a model eye.

PURPOSE To measure the optical properties of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) for different pupil sizes. METHODS An artificial eye was fabricated that had both the average spherical aberration and chromatic aberration levels found in the human eye. This model eye contained a saline-filled wet cell into which various IOLs can be mounted. Pupil sizes of 3 and 6 mm were explored with the system. Using the model eye, the following IOLs were examined: Alcon ReSTOR apodized diffractive, AMO ReZoom zonal refractive, and Tecnis ZM900 full-aperture diffractive. The modulation transfer function (MTF) for the lenses was calculated. The model eye was also used as a portable device to photograph nighttime driving scenes. RESULTS For 3-mm pupils, the apodized and full-aperture diffractive IOLs balance contrast between near and distance vision, whereas the zonal refractive IOL performs poorly for near vision. For 6-mm pupils, the apodized diffractive shifts performance from near vision to distance vision, whereas the zonal refractive and full-aperture diffractive IOLs continue to balance performance between distance and near. Subjectively, the night driving photographs showed much more stray light artifacts for the zonal refractive and the full-aperture and apodized diffractive IOLs. CONCLUSIONS Under dark conditions, the shift of optical performance of the apodized diffractive lens towards distance vision reduces artifacts that appear under night driving conditions. These artifacts remain for the zonal refractive and full-aperture diffractive lenses.
SYSTEMAND METHOD FOR ADVERTISING USING MAGE SEARCH AND CLASSIFICATION

BASEDONUSERMAGES 2007,0258648 A1 11/2007 Perronnin 2008, OO69456 A1 3/2008 Perronnin 2008/009 1535 A1 4/2008 Heiser et al. . TO5/14 2008, 0240572 A1 10, 2008 HOShii 2008/0317358 A1 12/2008 Bressan et al. 2009, O144033 A1 6/2009 Liu et al. 2010.0036883 A1 2/2010 Valencia-Campo et al. 2010.0040285 A1 2/2010 CSurka et al. . 382, 17
A Color Face Recognition Using PCA and KNN Classifier

This proposed system presents a technique for color face recognition. The effectiveness of color information plays an important role when face images are taken under strong variations in illumination, as well as with low spatial resolutions. The proposed method has 3 steps. In the first step the input color image is converted into various color space models. In the second step eigen values and eigen vectors are extracted from each color space models. In the final step a nearest neighbour classifier is designed for classifying the face images based on the extracted features. The accuracy of proposed method is impressively better than the results of other FR methods over different FR challenges including highly uncontrolled illumination, moderate pose variation, and small resolution face images. The projected face image is recognized using K nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. This method is better and efficient than other existing methods due to its reduced error rate. It works for images taken under various lighting conditions and is also independent of the image type
Genetic redundancy and gene fusion in the genome of the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae : functional characterization of a three‐member gene family involved in the thiamine biosynthetic pathway

Redundancy is a salient feature of all living organisms' genome. The yeast genome contains a large number of gene families of previously uncharacterized functions that can be used to explore the functional significance of structural redundancy in a systematic manner. In this work, we describe results on a three‐member gene family with moderately divergent sequences (YOL055c, YPL258c and YPR121w ). We demonstrate that two members are isofunctional and encode a hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP‐P) kinase (EC 2.7.4.7), an activity required for the final steps of thiamine biosynthesis, whose genes were not previously known in yeast. In addition, we show that the three genes are each composed of two distinct domains, each corresponding to individual genes in prokaryotes, suggesting gene fusion during evolution. The function of the carboxy‐terminal part of the proteins is not yet understood, but it is not required for HMP‐P kinase activity. Expression of all three genes is regulated in the same way. Several other examples of gene fusions exist in the same biosynthetic pathway when eukaryotic genes are compared with prokaryotic ones.