Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Awake fMRI reveals a specialized region in dog temporal cortex for face processing

Recent behavioral evidence suggests that dogs, like humans and monkeys, are capable of visual face recognition. But do dogs also exhibit specialized cortical face regions similar to humans and monkeys? Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in six dogs trained to remain motionless during scanning without restraint or sedation, we found a region in the canine temporal lobe that responded significantly more to movies of human faces than to movies of everyday objects. Next, using a new stimulus set to investigate face selectivity in this predefined candidate dog face area, we found that this region responded similarly to images of human faces and dog faces, yet significantly more to both human and dog faces than to images of objects. Such face selectivity was not found in dog primary visual cortex. Taken together, these findings: (1) provide the first evidence for a face-selective region in the temporal cortex of dogs, which cannot be explained by simple low-level visual feature extraction; (2) reveal that neural machinery dedicated to face processing is not unique to primates; and (3) may help explain dogs’ exquisite sensitivity to human social cues.
Breast Cancer Incidence After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 Mutation Carriers

Premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers effectively reduces ovarian cancer risk, but also reduces breast cancer risk. Breast cancer risk reductions up to 50%have been reported for both BRCA1 and BRCA2mutation carriers, but recent prospective studies were not able to reproduce this finding for BRCA1 mutation carriers. Breast cancer incidence after RRSO was assessed in a consecutive series of 104 BRCA1 and 58 BRCA2 mutation carriers. On the basis of data from our own centre, and assuming a 50% risk reduction through RRSO at premenopausal age, we expected to find 8 breast cancers (range 6–10) in this population for the reported screening period (532 women-years). In 162 carriers with a median age of 41 years at RRSO, 13 incident breast cancers were diagnosed. In BRCA1mutation carriers, 12 incident breast cancers were found compared with 5 (range 3–6) expected and in BRCA2 mutation carriers 1 breast cancer was found compared with 3 (range 2–5) expected. Breast cancer incidence after premenopausal RRSO is still high, especially in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Previously reported breast cancer risk reductions up to 50% were not confirmed. As a consequence, continued intensive screening for breast cancer is warranted in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers after RRSO. Cancer Prev Res; 5(11); 1–7. 2012 AACR.
Development of the creating system for lecture contents by combining the lecture materials

Recently, we can easily collect lecture materials (movie, picture, voice, and text) for the spread of Smart Phones and Tablet PC(Smart Mobile Devices). However, we cannot easily create lecture contents from lecture materials, because we must combine (edit) lecture materials to create lecture contents. We developed the creating system for lecture contents by combining the lecture materials. This paper describes the lecture contents creation system.
A Fast Algorithm to Maintain the Discovered High-Utility Itemsets with Modified Records

High-utility item sets mining (HUIM) is a critical issue to concern the quality and profit factors to mine high utility item sets (HUIs). Many algorithms have been proposed to efficiently mine HUIs from a static database. The discovered HUIs may become invalid or new HUIs may arise when transactions are modified in the original database. In the past, prelarge concept was proposed to efficiently maintain and update the discovered information of association-rule mining. In this paper, a maintenance algorithm for transaction modification based on a designed prelarge strategy is presented to efficiently maintain and update the discovered HUIs. Based on the designed algorithm, the original database is unnecessary to be rescanned until the accumulative total utility of the modified transactions achieves the designed safety bound, which can greatly reduce the computations of multiple database scans compared to the previous batch-mode approaches.
Specialty Grand Challenge Article Grand Challenges in Analytical Chemistry: towards More Bright Eyes for Scientific Research, Social Events and Human Health Chromatography and Micro/nanofluidic Analysis

Analytical chemistry is a measuring science to probe the compositions and structures of matters, study the chemical constituents, contents, distribution, and interaction of matters, and reveal the space-time rules of matter changes. As the eyes of fundamental scientific research and social activities relative to human security and health, the goals of analytical chemistry are to design sensitive, selective and specific detection strategies, measuring principles and analytical methodologies, and develop modern detection devices and instruments as well as relative soft-wares or control systems. It has played vital roles in discipline frontiers and social events, and provided important supports for the development of life science, material science, energy science, environment science, and space science. Its significance has been shown in different fields such as new drug development, disease diagnosis and early warning, life process study, food and environment safety, quality control of products, economic, and trade, space exploration, forensic medicine, and even anti-terrorist, etc. Currently analytical chemistry has integrated multidisciplinary research achievements to form itself theory systems and new frontier research fields on fundamental levels, while the development of other related disciplines and the progress of human society constantly challenge analytical chemistry to higher needs, which promotes the continuous development of analytical methodologies and detection instruments. Different from other chemical disciplines , the progress of analytical chemistry mainly benefits from the achievements in other frontier fields. For example, the separation and analysis in micro/nano-scale depend on the early development and successful application of nanotechnology and microfluidics, which are directly related to and benefits from the frontier study of life science, such as genomics and proteomics. The limit of mass and size in space exploration and in vivo analysis is also a catalyst for micro/nano-scaled analytical method-ologies and detection devices. Another example is the development of instrumental analysis, which first benefits from the achievements in physics such as electro-magnetics, optics, mechanics and electrics, material science, and computer, meanwhile , the needs in life science, environment science, and space science hasten new methodologies and detection technologies. Thus, analytical chemistry is established in multidisciplinary development and has the distinct features and outstanding sense of the times. This article focuses on the development and challenges of instrumental analysis including chromatography and micro/nanofluidic analysis , spectroscopic analysis, electrochemical analysis, mass spectral analysis, and imaging detection. Their future perspectives and needs are also discussed. Gas chromatography has been well-developed and used for separation of small organic molecules in …
Precise Temperature Measurement for Increasing the Survival of Newborn Babies in Incubator Environments

Precise temperature measurement is essential in a wide range of applications in the medical environment, however the regarding the problem of temperature measurement inside a simple incubator, neither a simple nor a low cost solution have been proposed yet. Given that standard temperature sensors don't satisfy the necessary expectations, the problem is not measuring temperature, but rather achieving the desired sensitivity. In response, this paper introduces a novel hardware design as well as the implementation that increases measurement sensitivity in defined temperature intervals at low cost.
Involvement of autophagy in the direct ER to vacuole protein trafficking route in plants

Trafficking of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuole is a fundamental process in plants, being involved both in vacuole biogenesis as well as with plant growth and response to environmental stresses. Although the canonical transport of cellular components from the ER to the vacuole includes the Golgi apparatus as an intermediate compartment, there are multiple lines of evidence that support the existence of a direct ER-to-vacuole, Golgi-independent, trafficking route in plants that uses the autophagy machinery. Plant autophagy was initially described by electron microscopy, visualizing cellular structures that are morphologically reminiscent of autophagosomes. In some of these reports these structures were shown to transport vacuole residing proteins, particularly seed storage proteins, directly from the ER to the vacuole. More recently, following the discovery of the proteins of the core autophagy machinery, molecular tools were implemented in deciphering the involvement of autophagy in this special trafficking route. Here we review the relatively older and more recent scientific observations, supporting the involvement of autophagy in the special cellular trafficking pathways of plants.
Gene transcription and chromosome replication in Escherichia coli

Transcript levels of several Escherichia coli genes involved in chromosome replication and cell division were measured in dnaC2(Ts) mutants synchronized for chromosome replication by temperature shifts. Levels of transcripts from four of the genes, dam, nrdA, mukB, and seqA, were reduced at a certain stage during chromosome replication. The magnitudes of the decreases were similar to those reported previously ftsQ and ftsZ (P. Zhou and C. E. Helmstetter, J. Bacteriol. 176:6100-6106, 1994) but considerably less than those seen with dnaA, gidA, and mioC (P. W. Theisen, J. E. Grimwade, A. C. Leonard, J. A. Bogan, and C. E. Helmstetter, Mol. Microbiol. 10:575-584, 1993). The decreases in transcripts appeared to correlate with the estimated time at which the genes replicated. This same conclusion was reached in studies with synchronous cultures obtained with the baby machine in those instances in which periodicities in transcript levels were clearly evident. The transcriptional levels for two genes, minE and tus, did not fluctuate significantly, whereas the transcripts for one gene, iciA, appeared to increase transiently. The results support the idea that cell cycle timing in E. coli is not governed by timed bursts of gene expression, since the overall findings summarized in this report are generally consistent with cell cycle-dependent transient inhibitions of transcription rather than stimulations.
Estimating self-reported sex practices, drug use, depression, and intimate partner violence among MSM in China: a comparison of three recruitment methods

ABSTRACT Men who have sex with men (MSM) are the group at highest risk for HIV in China. Researchers have used various recruitment methods to reach this population hidden from the hetero-normative culture. To inform future recruitment strategies, we compared estimates of socio-demographic characteristics, HIV risk behaviors, depression, and intimate partner violence (IPV) across three samples of MSM and money boys in Shanghai, China. Data were collected from three community-based samples of MSM and money boys (n = 1352) recruited via respondent-driven sampling (RDS) (n = 404), community popular opinion leaders (CPOL) (n = 385), and Internet and venue-based sampling (VBS) (n = 546). Different recruitment methods generated samples with statistically significant differences among a number of socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, drug use, depression scores, and exposure to IPV. Specifically, RDS participants had lower education (p = .002), income levels (p < .001), and were more likely to report condomless sex with a woman (p < .001). CPOL participants were younger (p < .001), more likely to report lifetime condomless anal sex (p = .009), more than 10 male partners in the past 30 days (p < .001), and were less likely to experience violence by a male intimate partner (p = .001). VBS participants had lowest depression score (p = .005) and were more likely to report lifetime drug use (p = .003). Our findings reinforce that each recruitment method may reach a sub-group of MSM with a specific risk profile, so multiple methods may be needed to obtain a representative sample of MSM. Interventions may use specific recruitment methods to target certain segments of the MSM population.
Using a Geographic Information System for Qualitative Spatial Reasoning about Trafficability CPT

Modern geographic information systems (GIS) are powerful quantitative tools for geospatial reasoning. We show how a GIS can be used as a metric diagram to support qualitative spatial reasoning. We illustrate the technique with the problem of reasoning about trafficability -an entity’s capability for movement through some terrain. Many common geospatial reasoning tasks rely heavily upon estimates of trafficability, and in some domains, off-road trafficability is of primary concern. Maps rarely provide the appropriate representation of space for such problems. We show how GIS technology can be used as a metric diagram from which place vocabularies appropriate to the task can be computed. We describe the domain theories that enable the computing of these place vocabularies, and provide models for qualitative trafficability reasoning based on these descriptions. The results suggest that the power of qualitative representations and reasoning can be brought to a variety of geospatial applications, riding on the progress made by the commercial world in GIS software.
Anthropogenic impact signatures revealed in the travelling ionospheric disturbances by regional GPS interferometry

With the technique of the radio interferometry of the navigational satellite signals, we investigate the travelling ionospheric disturbances generated by large urban agglomeration. We resolve detailed structure of the ionospheric disturbances field and attribute disturbances to particular atmospheric wave sources in the agglomeration. Wave generation efficiency revealed from the observational data well agrees with the theoretical prediction derived from energetic considerations.
Lower Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from Chinese Mainland

Key points Significantly lower BMD in PD compared to healthy subjects in both genders. Less than 35 mg2/dl2 of Ca–P product in >80% of PD patients. Significant correlations between BMD and severity of PD. Lower BMD at H&Y stage III/IV than that at H&Y stage I/II. Objectives Although several lines of evidence have suggested that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a higher risk of osteoporosis and fracture, the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of PD patients is unknown. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 54 patients with PD and 59 healthy age-matched controls. Multiple clinical scales were used to evaluate the severity of PD, and serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and homocysteine were measured to determine BMD’s association with PD severity. Results BMD in PD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. The BMD scores of the spine, femoral neck (FN), and hip were lower in females than in males in the healthy group. In the PD group, BMD in the hip was significantly lower in females compared to males. There was a negative correlation between daily l-DOPA dosage and BMD in the spine and hip in the PD group, while BMD in the spine, neck, and hip was significantly correlated with severity of PD. Besides, we found that among the lumbar spine (LS), FN, and hip, bone loss in the LS was the most severe in PD patients based on the T-scores. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that patients with PD have a higher risk of osteoporosis, and that low BMD in the spine, FN, and hip may indirectly reflect the severity of PD. Our findings have prompted us to pay more attention to osteoporosis in the LS in Chinese PD patients.
Distributions and Sources of Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers in Sediment Cores From the Mariana Subduction Zone

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitously found in marine sediments. However, their presence, distributions, and sources in the subduction zone are not fully understood. We investigated isoprenoidal GDGTs (isoGDGTs) and branched GDGTs (brGDGTs) in two sediment cores from the southern and northern subduction plates of Mariana Trench, respectively. IsoGDGTs and brGDGTs exhibited covariation in most sediment samples, and total GDGT concentrations reached a maximum at the subsurface sediment depth ~10 cm. Concentrations of isoGDGTs and brGDGTs were clearly elevated at depths of ~10 and ~45 cm. These indicated that microbial activities potentially influenced the production of the specific membrane lipids of archaea and bacteria. We found that the branched and isoprenoid tetraether index and Rb/i values increased with depth profiles of the Mariana subduction zone, suggesting that deeper sediments likely hosted more brGDGT‐producing bacteria than crenarchaeol‐producing archaea. The extremely high abundance of cyclopentyl rings in brGDGTs was determined in subsurface sediments. We further proposed that most of the brGDGTs in sediments were produced in situ in the Mariana subduction zone. This study highlights that the extremophilic microbial communities of the Mariana subduction zone may represent a significant component of the global carbon cycle.
Activity Theory as a Framework for Investigating District-Classroom System Interactions and Their Influences on Technology Integration

Abstract Technology implementation research indicates that teachers’ beliefs and knowledge, as well as a host of institutional factors, can influence technology integration. Drawing on third-generation activity theory, this article conceptualizes technology implementation as a network of planning and integration activities carried out by technology specialists, teachers, and administrators. The researcher conducted a case study of a school district’s laptop program to examine how district and classroom systems interacted to influence teachers’ technology use. Findings suggest that continuous improvement efforts aimed at aligning intersystem linkages can support technology integration. The article discusses implications for technology leadership and technology implementation research.
72 GHz CMOS LNA with transformer-based input integrated matching

This paper presents a millimeter-wave low noise amplifier designed in 65 nm bulk CMOS technology by using the technique of the transformer-based input integrated matching in cascode amplifiers. The proposed technique allows us to realize impedance matching to a 50 Ω source resistance by exploiting an integrated transformer. The measurement results show a S21 peak of 13.1 dB at 72 GHz, a 3-dB bandwidth of about 15 GHz and a peak S11 equal to -16 dB at 74 GHz. The measured noise figure amounts to 7 dB at 72 GHz.
A Tyrosine-Based Signal Plays a Critical Role in the Targeting and Function of Adenovirus RIDα Protein

ABSTRACT Early region 3 genes of human adenoviruses contribute to the virus life cycle by altering the trafficking of cellular proteins involved in adaptive immunity and inflammatory responses. The ability of early region 3 genes to target specific molecules suggests that they could be used to curtail pathological processes associated with these molecules and treat human disease. However, this approach requires genetic dissection of the multiple functions attributed to early region 3 genes. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of targeting on the ability of the early region 3-encoded protein RIDα to downregulate the EGF receptor. A fusion protein between the RIDα cytoplasmic tail and glutathione S-transferase was used to isolate clathrin-associated adaptor 1 and adaptor 2 protein complexes from mammalian cells. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that residues 71-AYLRH of RIDα are necessary for in vitro binding to both adaptor complexes and that Tyr72 has an important role in these interactions. In addition, RIDα containing a Y72A point mutation accumulates in the trans-Golgi network and fails to downregulate the EGF receptor when it is introduced into mammalian cells as a transgene. Altogether, our data suggest a model where RIDα is trafficked directly from the trans-Golgi network to an endosomal compartment, where it intercepts EGF receptors undergoing constitutive recycling to the plasma membrane and redirects them to lysosomes.
At what age are South African women first having sex?

A national cervical abnormality survey published in 2002 collected data from 20 603 women aged 20 years and older. Data were collected from 10 sites covering all provinces in South Africa and included women from rural urban and peri-urban areas. The age distribution of the total sample was similar to the national age distribution; however there was an under representation of women in the 20 - 25-year and over 60-year categories. Nonetheless data collected on reproductive history provide us with information on a large sample that is likely to be generalisable to the South African population. (excerpt)
Delay Testable Enhanced Scan Flip-Flop: DFT for High Fault Coverage

The Scan based testing is used for delay testing in sequential circuits and in general it is implemented by using launch-on-capture (LoC) delay tests. Launch-on-shift (LoS) delay tests are usually more efficient to obtain high fault coverage with appreciably lesser number of test vectors, but it requires a fast scan enable, which is not supported by majority of designs. The architecture of scan design limits the two pattern delay tests that can be applied to circuit under test which results in degradation of delay test coverage. The use of enhanced scan flip-flops can improve this problem by facilitating arbitrary delay test vector pairs, at the cost of high area overhead and also requires fast hold signal. This paper presents a new enhanced scan methodology implemented with the slow hold signal. Experimental results on ISCAS'89 benchmark circuit shows improvement in TDF fault coverage for this methodology.
Hierarchical routing using link vectors

An area-based link-vector algorithm (ALVA) is introduced for the distributed maintenance of routing information in very large internetworks. According to ALVA, destinations in an internetwork are aggregated in areas in multiple levels of hierarchy. Routers maintain a database that contains a subset of the topology at each level of the hierarchy. This subset corresponds to those links used in preferred paths to reach destinations (nodes inside the same immediate area or remote areas). The ALVA is the first hierarchical routing algorithm based on link-state information that does not require complete topology information at each level in the hierarchy. The correctness of the ALVA is verified. Simulation results are presented showing that the ALVA outperforms the OSPF in terms of communication and storage overhead.
An XML Schema for Wright Descriptions with Confidentiality Annotations

It is decided that the eXtensible Markup Language (XML) standard developed by the WorldWide Web Consortium (W3C) is an appropriate tool to encode the descriptions expressed with the confidentiality annotated form of the architectural description language (ADL) Wright and then the grammar of the language is converted to an XML Schema. Thus, a common format is constituted which can be used by applications accepting architectural descriptions as input together with XML tool support. As a sample application, a parser which transforms the confidentiality annotated Wright descriptions written in XML into a representation accepted by a security checking tool is developed, utilizing the java-based Xerces XML parser which has the DOM interface as a W3C standard.