Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Economic Analysis of North American Pulp and Paper Markets, and A Competitiveness Study of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Products

North America is the world’s largest pulp and paper producing region as well as the largest consuming region. An understanding of market integration is critical for designing relevant policies since it is important to improve national welfare and ensure long-run competitive market equilibrium. In addition, it is crucial for the Canadian industry to maintain the competitiveness for its pulp and paper products in the world market, because any deterioration in the performance of the Canadian pulp and paper industry will have negative social and economic impact on the well-being of Canada and affect Canadian balance of payment. This thesis contains three essays that investigate the market integration of the combined markets of Canada and the US, and the competitive position of Canadian pulp and paper products in the US market. The first essay presents an econometric analysis of spatial integration of the US and Canada newsprint markets as reflected in newsprint prices. It applies the Johansen multivariate cointegration procedure to test the law of one price for five regional markets (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, US east, US west) of newsprint using monthly data for the 1988 to 2004 period. Preliminary data analysis shows that all price series are non-stationary I(1) processes. The hypothesis that the Law of One Price (LOP) holds for all five regional newsprint markets simultaneously was not supported by the Johansen multivariate test. The
Mechanics of the human femoral adventitia including the high-pressure response.

Adventitial mechanics were studied on the basis of adventitial tube tests and associated stress analyses utilizing a thin-walled model. Inflation tests of 11 nonstenotic human femoral arteries (79.3 +/- 8.2 yr, means +/- SD) were performed during autopsy. Adventitial tubes were separated anatomically and underwent cyclic, quasistatic extension-inflation tests using physiological pressures and high pressures up to 100 kPa. Associated circumferential and axial stretches were typically <20%, indicating "adventitiosclerosis. " Adventitias behaved nearly elastically for both loading domains, demonstrating high tensile strengths (>1 MPa). The anisotropic and strongly nonlinear mechanical responses were represented appropriately by two-dimensional Fung-type stored-energy functions. At physiological pressure (13.3 kPa), adventitias carry ~25% of the pressure load in situ, whereas their circumferential and axial stresses were similar to the total wall stresses (~50 kPa in both directions), supporting a "uniform stress hypothesis. " At higher pressures, they became the mechanically predominant layer, carrying >50% of the pressure load. These significant load-carrying capabilities depended strongly on circumferential and axial in-vessel prestretches (mean values: 0.95 and 1.08). On the basis of these results, the mechanical role of the adventitia at physiological and hypertensive states and during balloon angioplasty was characterized.
Macroeconomic conditions and trade liberalization

In recent years, Chile has managed to reduce its fiscal deficit, carry out far-reaching structural adjustments, liberalize labour markets, adjust real wages to make them internationally competitive, and reduce or eliminate tariffs as well as nontariff barriers to trade. Taking Chile's success as a reference point, this book examines the effects of macroeconomic conditions on opening up the economies of Chile and three other Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The authors show that the latter three countries were able to generate current account surpluses in their balance of payments but had difficulty in capturing domestic savings to achieve an effective transfer of resources. The studies on Argentina and Brazil emphasize short-term issues, particularly the relationship between openness and stabilization policies. The Uruguayan study focuses in part on the effect of the MERCOSUR integration process on Uruguayan trade. While each country's approach to trade liberalization has varied depending on its own concerns and experiences, an important conclusion for all four countries is that elimination of the public sector deficit is essential to the success of open and stable economies. The studies also underscore the importance of maintaining public investment as a policy instrument and having sufficient public sector savings to transfer resources domestically without major inflationary pressures.
Simulation of a Fault Tolerant University Campus Area Network

The University has peculiar network needs that must be met for effective dissemination of information. A network allow sharing of files, data and other information giving authorized users the ability to access information stored on other computer on the network. The Campus Area Network (CAN) is still faced with so many problems with the ever increasing demand of computer network due to inadequate fault tolerance. In this paper, fault tolerance was simulated using redundancy and its effect in a network investigated. In order to improve network reliability, information about a CAN was gathered and the problem analysed. The analysis was used in formulating a CAN model. Also statistics were collected for evaluation and effectiveness of the model. It was investigated that the Database server response time with fault tolerance and non-fault tolerance are 0.52sec & 0.97sec respectively which gradually reduces gradually to a constant values of 0.28sec & 0.33sec respectively. The File server response time for both fault tolerance and non-fault tolerance are 2.4 sec & 3.4sec respectively initially and then reduces gradually to a constant value of 0.75sec & 1.8sec respectively. Furthermore, Hypertext transfer protocol server response time for both fault tolerance and non-fault tolerance are 3sec & 3.5sec respectively initially which reduces gradually to a constant value of 1.7sec & 2sec respectively. We present in this paper the simulation and analysis of a fault tolerant CAN in the OPNET Modeller environment.
Gromov-Floer theory and disjunction energy of compact Lagrangian embeddings

In this paper, we give a new simple proof of Chekanov’s positivity theorem of the disjunction energy of compact Lagrangian submanifolds in tame symplectic manifolds. As a consequence, it also gives rise to a simple proof of nondegeneracy of Hofer’s norm on the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on any tame symplectic manifolds.
Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground , MD 21005-5066 ARL-RP-377 June 2012 The Compressive Failure of Aluminum Nitride Considered as a Model Advanced Ceramic

Uniaxial quasi-static compression, uniaxial dynamic compression and confined dynamic compression experiments were performed to characterize the failure of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) using a servo hydraulic machine and a modified Kolsky bar set-up respectively. High-speed digital cameras are used to visualize the failure processes. A summary of the available experimental results, including that in the literature, shows that the compressive strength of the AlN is sensitive to strain rate in the range from 10 3 to 10 s , and that the deviatoric strength of AlN is linearly dependent on pressure at low pressures and nearly independent of pressure above a transitional pressure (about 2 GPa). TEM characterization of fragments obtained after dynamic loading is used to characterize the deformation mechanisms in the AlN for varying confinement. The transition in the pressure dependent behavior is shown to be the result of a change of deformation mechanism. Classical wing crack micromechanics is used to predict the transition in the deformation mechanism, and to explain the observed behavior at low pressure. & 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Machado–Joseph Disease Deubiquitinase Ataxin-3 Regulates the Stability and Apoptotic Function of p53

As a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), the physiological substrates of ataxin-3 (ATX-3) remain elusive, which limits our understanding of its normal cellular function and that of pathogenic mechanism of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). Here, we identify p53 to be a novel substrate of ATX-3. ATX-3 binds to native and polyubiquitinated p53 and deubiquitinates and stabilizes p53 by repressing its degradation through the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway. ATX-3 deletion destabilizes p53, resulting in deficiency of p53 activity and functions, whereas ectopic expression of ATX-3 induces selective transcription/expression of p53 target genes and promotes p53-dependent apoptosis in both mammalian cells and the central nervous system of zebrafish. Furthermore, the polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded ATX-3 retains enhanced interaction and deubiquitination catalytic activity to p53 and causes more severe p53-dependent neurodegeneration in zebrafish brains and in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) or striatum of a transgenic SCA3 mouse model. Our findings identify a novel molecular link between ATX-3 and p53-mediated cell death and provide an explanation for the direct involvement of p53 in SCA3 disease pathogenesis.
Mindfulness, Acceptance and Catastrophizing in Chronic Pain

Objectives Catastrophizing is often the primary target of the cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronic pain. Recent literature on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) suggests an important role in the pain experience for the concepts mindfulness and acceptance. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of mindfulness and general psychological acceptance on pain-related catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted, including 87 chronic pain patients from an academic outpatient pain center. Results The results show that general psychological acceptance (measured with the AAQ-II) is a strong predictor of pain-related catastrophizing, independent of gender, age and pain intensity. Mindfulness (measured with the MAAS) did not predict levels of pain-related catastrophizing. Discussion Acceptance of psychological experiences outside of pain itself is related to catastrophizing. Thus, acceptance seems to play a role in the pain experience and should be part of the treatment of chronic pain. The focus of the ACT treatment of chronic pain does not necessarily have to be on acceptance of pain per se, but may be aimed at acceptance of unwanted experiences in general. Mindfulness in the sense of “acting with awareness” is however not related to catastrophizing. Based on our research findings in comparisons with those of other authors, we recommend a broader conceptualization of mindfulness and the use of a multifaceted questionnaire for mindfulness instead of the unidimensional MAAS.
DoA estimation and capacity analysis for 3D massive-MIMO/FD-MIMO OFDM system

With the promise of meeting future capacity demands for mobile broadband communications, 3D massive-MIMO/Full Dimension MIMO (FD-MIMO) systems have gained much interest among the researchers in recent years. Apart from the huge spectral efficiency gain offered by the system, the reason for this great interest can also be attributed to significant reduction of latency, simplified multiple access layer, and robustness to interference. However, in order to completely extract the benefits of massive-MIMO systems, accurate channel state information is very critical. In this paper, a channel estimation method based on direction of arrival (DoA) estimation is presented for massive-MIMO OFDM systems. To be specific, the DoA is estimated using Estimation of Signal Parameter via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) method, and the capacity of the system is analytically characterized. It has been shown that optimum precoding matrix for the massive MIMO OFDM system can be constructed from the DoA estimation at the base station.
Change In Organizations. Chapter 6. Creating Long-Term Organizational Change,

Abstract : This chapter is about the institutionalization of organizational change. It is concerned with the persistence of organizational change. Lewin (1951) describes change in terms of three processes unfreezing, moving, and refreezing. Institutionalization is concerned with the process of refreezing. After a new policy or program is introduced into an organization, we plan to focus on factors that affect its persistence. A whole series of questions underlies this problem statement: What does institutionalization or persistence mean? How do we describe different degrees of institutionalization or persistence mean? How do we describe different degrees of institutionalization? What critical processes affect institutionalization? What are the critical predictors? These questions serve to organize this discussion.
The “Art” of Social Work and the ADA's Essential Functions Provision: Challenges and Recommendations

ABSTRACT The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 has impacted social work agencies in numerous ways. One important but largely overlooked area of the policy is the essential functions provision, which requires agencies to delineate the principal aspects of the job in question, as well as the characteristics that employees must display to adequately fulfill these job demands. Social work administrators must be aware of the essential components for various positions, as well as the relationship of these job expectations to the policies' reasonable accommodation mandate. Most importantly, employers must understand their hiring and disciplinary decision-making process, and be aware of the extent to which they may make unwarranted presumptions about the negative impact of a disability condition on a particular individual's ability to adequately fulfill the functions of a position.
Identification of a Conserved Anti-Apoptotic Protein That Modulates the Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway

Here we identified an evolutionarily highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed protein (C9orf82) that shows structural similarities to the death effector domain of apoptosis-related proteins. RNAi knockdown of C9orf82 induced apoptosis in A-549 and MCF7/casp3-10b lung and breast carcinoma cells, respectively, but not in cells lacking caspase-3, caspase-10 or both. Apoptosis was associated with activated caspases-3, -8, -9 and -10, and inactivation of caspases 10 or 3 was sufficient to block apoptosis in this pathway. Apoptosis upon knockdown of C9orf82 was associated with increased caspase-10 expression and activation, which was required for the generation of an 11 kDa tBid fragment and activation of Caspase-9. These data suggest that C9orf82 functions as an anti-apoptotic protein that modulates a caspase-10 dependent mitochondrial caspase-3/9 feedback amplification loop. We designate this ubiquitously expressed and evolutionarily conserved anti-apoptotic protein Conserved Anti-Apoptotic Protein (CAAP). We also demonstrated that treatment of MCF7/casp3-10b cells with staurosporine and etoposides induced apoptosis and knockdown of CAAP expression. This implies that the CAAP protein could be a target for chemotherapeutic agents.
Investigating the Effects of the Common Control Channel Challenge in Multichannel Cognitive Networks With Hypothetical Spectrum Hole

Multichannel MAC protocols have become a design choice of wireless access networks as they increase the achievable throughput. However, the implementation of a common control channel has been a challenge. The common control channel challenge has not been investigated in opportunistic networks where the availability of medium is temporary and unpredictable. The uncertainty of the availability of the channel coupled with the common control channel challenge makes this area an interesting research topic. Unfortunately, this challenge requires further investigation in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHN), a promising next generation technology. The challenge makes an interesting study in CRAHN given the opportunistic access and use of channels. Given a hypothetical spectrum hole of any size coupled with the implementation of a control channel in a multi-channel environment, how much of good put can be realized and be effectively utilized for data transmission. We investigate the common control channel challenge in CRAHN through network simulations. The opportunistic nature of CRAHNs in the presence of the common control channel challenge is investigated. The simulation results show that the combination of the control channel challenge and the size of the spectrum hole degrade gracefully the network. Furthermore, the size of the spectrum hole has a bearing on good put. The results show that a big hole improves performance. Unfortunately, the opportunistic attribute of CRAHNs does not guarantee desirable spectrum holes.
REAKSI PASAR TERHADAP PENGUMUMAN RIGHT ISSUE PADA PERUSAHAAN WARRANT ISSUER DAN NON WARRANT ISSUER

This research aims at testing the containing information within the announcement of right issue phenomenon at the companies of warrant issuer and non-warrant issuer at Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of observation from 2008 until 2012. It used event study for the technique of analysis, one sample T-test and independent sample T-test. The result showed that the announcement of right issue phenomenon does not contain information either for the entire emiten sample or for emiten sample which announced right issue without warrant and with warrant. It also discovered that there is no return abnormal difference among the companies which announced right issue without warrant and those ones with warra nt.
Modeling and Simulation of PSM DC-DC Buck Converter Ramamurthy

A DC-to-DC converter for applications involving a source with widely varying voltage conditions with loads requiring constant voltage from full load down to no load is presented. The switching regulator considered is a Buck converter with Pulse Skipping Modulation control whereby pulses applied to the switch are blocked or released on output voltage crossing a predetermined value. Results of the study on the performance of regulator circuit are presented. The regulator regulates over a wide input voltage range with slightly higher ripple content and good transient response. Input current spectrum indicates a good EMI performance with crowding of components at low frequency range. Keywords—DC/DC Converter, Pulse Skipping Modulation, Buck regulator, Modulation Factor, Electromagnetic Interference
Comparison of the new polyethersulfone high-flux membrane DIAPES HF800 with conventional high-flux membranes during on-line haemodiafiltration.

BACKGROUND Current modalities of renal replacement therapy allow only a limited removal of larger, possibly toxic molecules, which accumulate in uraemia. Recently, a haemodiafilter has been made available with the new, high-flux, polyethersulfone-based membrane DIAPES HF800. We performed a study to compare DIAPES HF800 with two conventional high-flux membranes in on-line haemodiafiltration (HDF), with respect to the removal properties for the two marker proteins, beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m, 11.8 kDa) and albumin (66.5 kDa). METHODS In a prospective, controlled study 10 stable end-stage renal disease patients were randomly allocated to 30 sessions of post-dilutional on-line HDF with three types of steam-sterilized membranes: DIAPES HF800, polysulfone and polyamide. Blood flow rate was 250 ml/min and treatment time was 240 min. Pre-treatment beta(2)m and albumin plasma concentrations did not differ between the three groups. The concentration of the two proteins was determined before and after treatment in plasma as well as in the continuously collected haemodiafiltrate. RESULTS Tolerance of all treatments was very good, without any side-effects for all filters. The mean plasma reduction rate of beta(2)m was 77 +/- 1% for DIAPES HF800 and polysulfone whereas it was 71 +/- 1% for polyamide (P < 0.05). The mean beta(2)m amount removed and found in the haemodiafiltrate per session was 230 +/- 14 mg for DIAPES HF800, 186 +/- 13 mg for polysulfone and 147 +/- 13 mg for polyamide (P < 0.05 between each pair of membranes). The same ranking was obtained for albumin removed and found in haemodiafiltrate per session for the three membranes: 5.7 +/- 0.4, 3.5 +/- 0.4 and 1.0 +/- 0.4 g, respectively. Although DIAPES HF800 showed the highest value for albumin in haemodiafiltrate the mean post-treatment plasma albumin was higher after the treatment with DIAPES HF800 compared with the other membranes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS On-line HDF has shown to achieve plasma reduction rates for beta(2)m of up to 77% for the DIAPES HF800 membrane and for polysulfone. The amounts of beta(2)m and albumin in haemodiafiltrate were much higher for DIAPES HF800 than for the other two membranes indicating a greater permeability for molecules up to a molecular weight of 66.5 kDa. This could, at least theoretically, offer the advantage also to remove uraemic toxins in the molecular weight range of albumin or of albumin-bound toxins. The future must show whether this will counterbalance the loss of albumin.
TCP Time Outs Caused by Wireless Link Layer Transmissions *

We present a model for packet transmission over a wireless link using a link layer error recovery protocol. We show that the probability of TCP time outs are not significantly increased as a result of a link layer retransmission mechanism. Finally we show that by increasing the TCP packet size, the probability of a time out can be reduced even further.
Sliding mode adaptive control for flying robot based on recurrent CMAC algorithm

Sliding mode adaptive control algorithm with recurrent cerebellar model articulatory controller(CMAC) was proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems whose threshold value of lumped disturbance is difficult to measure in practice. The system is divided into nominal model and lumped disturbance term which is composed of modeling error, parameter uncertainties, disturbances, and unmodeled dynamics. Adaptive control is adopted to approach the uncertain input coefficient of the system, robust control is introduced to reduce the lumped disturbance to an acceptant bound within finite time, and sliding mode control is adopted to enable the tracking errors of the uncertain nonlinear system to approximate to zero ultimately. Because the threshold value of lumped disturbance is difficult to measure in practical applications, the recurrent CMAC is used as an observer to approximate it in real time. The asymptotically stability was proved based on Lyapunov stability theory, and simulation results of micro flying robot attitude control indicated that the proposed algorithm improves transient performance and robustness. Research conclusions provide the basis for effective control of complex nonlinear systems.
High-Dimensional Packet Classification Algorithm Research and Application in MAC QoS System of Access Network

Based on the study of HFC network core equipment Cable Modem, firstly this paper made a summary and analysis with the classical and the latest research progress of the packet classification algorithm; and then in order to meet the requirement of HFC network QoS system, a BH packet classification algorithm is proposed, which is based on B-tree structure and non-conflict Hash functions, and the design and implementation process is given out in detail. Through theoretical analysis it shows that the proposed BH algorithm has less time complexity and small memory occupation, which is suited to embedded system applications such as CM and so on.
A delayed backoff algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled LR-WPAN

IEEE 802.15. 4 is designed for low power and low rate wireless sensor networks. In the beacon-enabled mode of IEEE 802.15. 4, the transmission period consists of contention access period (CAP) and contention free period (CFP). CAP applies carrier-sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA-CA) for its contention mechanism. This paper proposes a delayed backoff algorithm (DBA) to solve contention problem. According to the simulation results, DBA performs better than those in IEEE 802.15. 4 for the effective data goodput under the same power consumption.