Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osmium isotope systematics of drilled lavas from Mauna Loa, Hawaii

We have investigated the isotopic compositions of Os, Sr, Nd, and Pb in a suite of primitive Mauna Loa lavas from the upper 280 m of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project pilot core drilled near Hilo, Hawaii. These lavas were probably erupted from Mauna Loa's northeast rift. Correlations between Os (hosted by olivine) and other isotopes indicate that olivine crystals in these flows are closely related in space and time to the enclosing lava, despite the presence of deformation features and Fe/Mg disequilibrium in some olivines. The temporal isotopic evolution of the lavas matches published data for basalts from Mauna Loa's southwest rift, indicating that the two rifts (as well as the summit) share a common magma feed zone which is distinct from that of Kilauea. The composition of the lowermost HSDP Mauna Loa sample shows some isotopic similarities to modern Kilauea compositions and in this respect compares well with published data on submarine lavas from Mauna Loa's southwest rift. The good correlations among the isotopic tracers of compatible (Os) and incompatible (Sr, Nd, Pb) elements indicate that a depleted upper mantle component is very minor or nonexistent in Mauna Loa lavas. The Os isotope results definitively rule out equilibrium porous flow as a means of melt transport through the lithosphere. The isotopic variations in shield-stage lavas are most consistent with partial melting of two distinct sources within the Hawaiian plume followed by partial mixing and rapid transport of melts through the oceanic lithosphere. The passage of the Pacific lithosphere over a heterogeneous Hawaiian plume can account for the systematic differences in the compositions of volcanoes from the “Kea” and “Loa” trends as well as the geochemical evolution of individual shields on the island of Hawaii.
Oncogene addiction: pathways of therapeutic response, resistance, and road maps toward a cure

A key goal of cancer therapeutics is to selectively target the genetic lesions that initiate and maintain cancer cell proliferation and survival. While most cancers harbor multiple oncogenic mutations, a wealth of preclinical and clinical data supports that many cancers are sensitive to inhibition of single oncogenes, a concept referred to as ‘oncogene addiction’. Herein, we describe the clinical evidence supporting oncogene addiction and discuss common mechanistic themes emerging from the response and acquired resistance to oncogene‐targeted therapies. Finally, we suggest several opportunities toward exploiting oncogene addiction to achieve curative cancer therapies.
Teaching information seeking: relating information literacy education to theories of information behaviour

Introduction. The article argues for a closer association between information seeking research and the practices of teaching information seeking. Findings are presented from a research project on information seeking, didactics and learning (IDOL) investigating librarians' and teachers' experiences of teaching information seeking. Method. Thirteen teachers and five librarians, teaching 12-19 year-old students in three schools, participated. Forty-five interviews were conducted over a period of three years. Analysis. The IDOL project adopted a phenomenographic approach with the purpose of describing patterns of variation in experiences. The findings were also analysed by way of relating them to four competing approaches to the mediation of information literacy. Results. A gap was identified between experiences of teaching content that focused on sources and order, and experiences of assessment criteria applied to students' work that focused on the importance of correct facts and the analysis of information. These findings indicate a highly restricted range of teaching contents when compared with the four theoretical approaches to the mediation of information literacy. Conclusion. Teaching information seeking might be enhanced by a wider repertoire of contents reflecting more varied theoretical understandings developed in information seeking research, particularly as regards the importance of content and context related to user perspectives.
Self-Folding of Naked Segment 8 Genomic RNA of Influenza A Virus

Influenza A is a negative sense RNA virus that kills hundreds of thousands of humans each year. Base pairing in RNA is very favorable, but possibilities for RNA secondary structure of the influenza genomic RNA have not been investigated. This work presents the first experimentally-derived exploration of potential secondary structure in an influenza A naked (protein-free) genomic segment. Favorable folding regions are revealed by in vitro chemical structure mapping, thermodynamics, bioinformatics, and binding to isoenergetic microarrays of an entire natural sequence of the 875 nt segment 8 vRNA and of a smaller fragment. Segment 8 has thermodynamically stable and evolutionarily conserved RNA structure and encodes essential viral proteins NEP and NS1. This suggests that vRNA self-folding may generate helixes and loops that are important at one or more stages of the influenza life cycle.
Gouléako Virus Isolated from West African Mosquitoes Constitutes a Proposed Novel Genus in the Family Bunyaviridae

ABSTRACT The family Bunyaviridae is the most diversified family of RNA viruses. We describe a novel prototypic bunyavirus, tentatively named Gouléako virus, isolated from various mosquito species trapped in Côte d'Ivoire. The S segment comprised 1,087 nucleotides (nt), the M segment 3,188 nt, and the L segment 6,358 nt, constituting the shortest bunyavirus genome known so far. The virus had shorter genome termini than phleboviruses and showed no evidence of encoded NSs and NSm proteins. An uncharacterized 105-amino-acid (aa) putative open reading frame (ORF) was detected in the S segment. Genetic equidistance to other bunyaviruses (74 to 88% aa identity) and absence of serological cross-reactivity with phleboviruses suggested a proposed novel Bunyaviridae genus.
Vascular syndromes of the thalamus.

BACKGROUND This article reviews the anatomy, connections, and functions of the thalamic nuclei, their vascular supply, and the clinical syndromes that result from thalamic infarction. SUMMARY OF REVIEW Thalamic nuclei are composed of 5 major functional classes: reticular and intralaminar nuclei that subserve arousal and nociception; sensory nuclei in all major domains; effector nuclei concerned with motor function and aspects of language; associative nuclei that participate in high-level cognitive functions; and limbic nuclei concerned with mood and motivation. Vascular lesions destroy these nuclei in different combinations and produce sensorimotor and behavioral syndromes depending on which nuclei are involved. Tuberothalamic territory strokes produce impairments of arousal and orientation, learning and memory, personality, and executive function; superimposition of temporally unrelated information; and emotional facial paresis. Paramedian infarcts cause decreased arousal, particularly if the lesion is bilateral, and impaired learning and memory. Autobiographical memory impairment and executive failure result from lesions in either of these vascular territories. Language deficits result from left paramedian lesions and from left tuberothalamic lesions that include the ventrolateral nucleus. Right thalamic lesions in both these vascular territories produce visual-spatial deficits, including hemispatial neglect. Inferolateral territory strokes produce contralateral hemisensory loss, hemiparesis and hemiataxia, and pain syndromes that are more common after right thalamic lesions. Posterior choroidal lesions result in visual field deficits, variable sensory loss, weakness, dystonia, tremors, and occasionally amnesia and language impairment. CONCLUSIONS These vascular syndromes reflect the reciprocal cerebral cortical-thalamic connections that have been interrupted and provide insights into the functional properties of the thalamus.
How We Talk About Interactivity: Modes and Meanings in HCI Research

: Interactivity is central to digital products, systems and experiences. It has long been studied from different disciplinary perspectives but while applications continue to be described as ‘more’ or ‘less’ interactive, there is a lack of consensus on its meaning. One approach to improving understanding is to focus on the different ways we talk about it rather than pursuing a single all-purpose definition. This study examines how interactivity is treated in a sample of HCI research papers (N=117). We use a combined content and discourse analysis approach to explore the range of definitions and technical configurations associated with the concept and unpick the wider discourses around it. We find it frequently described as a characteristic of technologies, an instrumental approach that suits quantitative measurement, but is acknowledged to miss other qualities. We also find qualitative user assessments that measure a spectrum of low to high interactivity, which are interpreted in different ways due to a lack of explicit definitions. The analysis reveals rich discursive material where different layered conceptions of interactivity arise, which we describe as ‘modes’ of interactivity. The dominant mode in HCI is ‘empowerment’, also found most frequently in public discourse. We offer modes of interactivity as a design and evaluation tool for more conscious consideration of this multidimensional concept.
Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Primary Dystonia in Children

BACKGROUND:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the internal globus pallidus (GPi) has replaced ablative procedures for the treatment of primary generalized dystonia (PGD) because it is adjustable, reversible, and yields robust clinical improvement that appears to be long lasting. OBJECTIVE:To describe the long-term responses to pallidal DBS of a consecutive series of 22 pediatric patients with PGD. METHODS:Retrospective chart review of 22 consecutive PGD patients, ≤21 years of age treated by one DBS team over an 8-year period. The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) was used to evaluate symptom severity and functional disability, pre- and post-operatively. Adverse events and medication changes were also noted. RESULTS:The median follow-up was 2 years (range, 1-8 years). All 22 patients reached 1-year follow-up; 14 reached 2 years, and 11 reached 3 years. The BFMDRS motor subscores were improved 84%, 93%, and 94% (median) at these time points. These motor responses were matched by equivalent improvements in function, and the response to DBS resulted in significant reductions in oral and intrathecal medication requirements after 12 and 24 months of stimulation. There were no hemorrhages or neurological complications related to surgery and no adverse effects from stimulation. Significant hardware-related complications were noted, in particular, infection (14%), which delayed clinical improvement. CONCLUSION:Pallidal DBS is a safe and effective treatment for PGD in patients <21 years of age. The improvement appears durable. Improvement in device design should reduce hardware-related complications over time.
Hopeahainol C monohydrate

In the structure of the title compound, C28H16O6·H2O [systematic name 3,11-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,12-dioxapentacyclo[8.6. 1.12,5.013,17.09,18]octadeca-1(16),2,5(18),6,8,10,13(17),14-octaene-7,15-diol monohydrate], the hopeahainol C molecule lies about an inversion center with the solvent water molecule located on a crystallographic twofold axis. Hopeahainol C is an oligostillbenoid compound and was isolated from the bark of Shorea roxburghii G. Don. The five central fused rings are essentially planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0173 (3) Å. The 4-hydroxyphenyl ring is twisted with respect to this plane, with the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the fused-ring system being 41.70 (10)°. The crystal features intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These interactions link the hopeahainol C molecules into chains along the b axis. Water molecules are located interstitially between the hopeahainol C molecules linked by O(water)—H⋯O(hydroxy) and O(hydroxy)—H⋯O(water) hydrogen bonds. π–π interactions are also observed with centroid–centroid distances of 3.6056 (17) and 3.5622 (17) Å. Short O⋯O contacts [2.703 (2)–2.720 (3) Å] are also present in the crystal.
Pressurized seawater as an antifouling treatment against the colonial tunicates Botrylloides violaceus and Botryllus schlosseri in mussel aquaculture

The development of effective mitigation techniques against Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides violaceus colonizing blue mussel aquaculture operations has not been well studied. The objectives of our research were to determine the efficacy of using pressurized seawater in the mitigation of colonial tunicate fouling and to identify optimal treatment timing and frequencies in reducing tunicate biomass. Treatment trials using high- (~700 psi) and low-pressure (~40 psi) seawater spraying were conducted in St. Peters Bay and Savage Harbour, PEI, from May to November 2009. The use of high-pressure seawater was an effective anti-fouling measure for these species, causing significant reductions in tunicate biomass. In contrast, low-pressure seawater had no discernable effect. The timing of treatment was found to be the most important factor affecting efficacy, with reductions in tunicate biomass increasing in magnitude the closer the treatment occurred to harvest. Treatment frequency did not affect tunicate biomass. In addition, fewer treatments also resulted in less nuisance mussel spat fouling the mussel socks. Colonial tunicate fouling did not affect adult mussel growth and productivity, and no evidence of smothering or crop loss was observed.
Evaluation of Adverse Drug Properties with Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes and the Integrated Discrete Multiple Organ Co-culture (IdMOCTM) System

Human hepatocytes, with complete hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters and cofactors, represent the gold standard for in vitro evaluation of drug metabolism, drug-drug interactions, and hepatotoxicity. Successful cryopreservation of human hepatocytes enables this experimental system to be used routinely. The use of human hepatocytes to evaluate two major adverse drug properties: drug-drug interactions and hepatotoxicity, are summarized in this review. The application of human hepatocytes in metabolism-based drug-drug interaction includes metabolite profiling, pathway identification, P450 inhibition, P450 induction, and uptake and efflux transporter inhibition. The application of human hepatocytes in toxicity evaluation includes in vitro hepatotoxicity and metabolism-based drug toxicity determination. A novel system, the Integrated Discrete Multiple Organ Co-culture (IdMOC) which allows the evaluation of nonhepatic toxicity in the presence of hepatic metabolism, is described.
Protection by Isoprene against Singlet Oxygen in Leaves

Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) protection against effects of singlet oxygen was investigated in Myrtus communisand Rhamnus alaternus. In M. communis, singlet oxygen produced in the leaves by Rose Bengal (RB) led to a 65% decrease in net assimilation rates within 3 h, whereas isoprene emission rates showed either a 30% decrease at ambient CO2concentrations or a 70% increase under high CO2. In both cases, these changes led to an increase in calculated internal isoprene concentrations. The isoprene protection effect was directly demonstrated by fumigation of young (non-emitting) leaves, treated with RB or bromoxynil (simulating photoinhibition). There was 42% and 29% reduction in the damage to net assimilation compared with non-fumigated leaves for RB or bromoxynil, respectively. In R. alaternus, similar effects of RB on net assimilation were observed, and additional fluorescence measurements showed a significantly smaller decrease inF v/F m in isoprene-fumigated young leaves treated with RB (from 0.78 to 0.52), compared with non-fumigated leaves (from 0.77 to 0.27). The internal isoprene concentrations used in this study and possible rate of1O2 production in leaves indicate that the protective effects observed should be beneficial also under natural conditions.
A Fast Method for Solving System of Nonlinear Equations in Fundamental Matrix Estimation

The computation of the fundamental matrix given a set of point correspondences between two images has been the critical point of research for decades. The fundamental matrix should be of rank two for all the epipolar lines to intersect in a unique epipole. Traditional methods of enforcing the rank two property of the matrix are to parameterize the fundamental matrix during the estimation. This usually results in a system of nonlinear multivariable equations of higher degree and it is hard to solve. This paper presents an effective method to solve the typical nonlinear multivariable equations encountered in the fundamental matrix estimation with rank constraint. The method is based on the classical Lagrange multipliers method. After careful transformations of the problem, we reduce the solution of multivariable nonlinear equations to the solution of some single variable equations.
Variation of the wind stress related to frontal passages during FASINEX 1986.

The variations of wind stress on the ocean surface during the passages of atmospheric cold fronts are investigated using data collected during the 1986 Frontal Air-Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX). Six frontal passages were observed from two ships. (R/V's Oceanus and Endeavor) in the western North Atlantic during the period 14 February-6 March 1986. Wind stresses are calculated by both the dissipation method, using velocity variances measured with hot-film anemometers, and the bulk method, using mean wind, temperature, and humidity and a drag coefficient. The ratio of dissipation to bulk stress is found to be enhanced by a factor of up to 1.4 within approximately 200 km of a frontal zone when averaged over six frontal passages. The enhancement during individual frontal passages was as high as 3.6, with the major peaks occurring from 300 km ahead of the front to 400 km behind the front. Investigation of the differences in direction between surface wind and sea swell suggests that the enhancement is produced in large part through a combination of two factors: modulation of high-frequency wind waves by underlying swell and chaotic seas resulting from radiation of swell waves generated in the cold sector through the front.
Influence of ageing and educational level on the prevalence of body-part-as-objects in normal subjects.

When pantomiming gestures to verbal command, the overall production of body-part-as-object (BPO) errors is differentially affected by age and educational level in normal subjects. The higher overall frequency of BPO with age may be related to difficulties in the inhibition of the automatic activation of tool emblems (i.e., the BPO) instead of the appropriate hand posture to hold the tool. However, all subjects are equally able to correct errors in BPO on subsequent trials, which suggests the integrity of these gestural representations. In a clinical perspective, BPO data have therefore to be considered carefully when one wants to include this error type as an indicator of limb apraxia.
The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond

From the moment it was published almost ten years ago, Elements of User Experience became a vital reference for web and interaction designers the world over, and has come to define the core principles of the practice. Now, in this updated, expanded, and full-color new edition, Jesse James Garrett has refined his thinking about the Web, going beyond the desktop to include information that also applies to the sudden proliferation of mobile devices and applications. Successful interaction design requires more than just creating clean code and sharp graphics. You must also fulfill your strategic objectives while meeting the needs of your users. Even the best content and the most sophisticated technology won't help you balance those goals without a cohesive, consistent user experience to support it. With so many issues involvedusability, brand identity, information architecture, interaction design creating the user experience can be overwhelmingly complex. This new edition of The Elements of User Experience cuts through that complexity with clear explanations and vivid illustrations that focus on ideas rather than tools or techniques. Garrett gives readers the big picture of user experience development, from strategy and requirements to information architecture and visual design.
Coastal-change and glaciological map of the Eights Coast area, Antarctica, 1972-2001

s, p. 90. Vaughan, D.G. , Smith, A.M., Corr, H.F. J., Jenkins, Adrian, Bentley, C.R. , Stenoien, M.D., Jacobs, S.S. , Kellogg, T.B. , Rignot, Eric, and Lucchitta, B.K. , 2001, A review of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica; hypotheses of instability ver­ sus observations of change, in Alley, R.B. , and Bind­ schadler, R.A. , eds., The West Antarctic ice sheet; behavior and environment: Antarctic Research Series, v. 77, p.
KeySee: supporting keyword search on evolving events in social streams

Online social streams such as Twitter/Facebook timelines and forum discussions have emerged as prevalent channels for information dissemination. As these social streams surge quickly, information overload has become a huge problem. Existing keyword search engines on social streams like Twitter Search are not successful in overcoming the problem, because they merely return an overwhelming list of posts, with little aggregation or semantics. In this demo, we provide a new solution called \keysee by grouping posts into events, and track the evolution patterns of events as new posts stream in and old posts fade out. Noise and redundancy problems are effectively addressed in our system. Our demo supports refined keyword query on evolving events by allowing users to specify the time span and designated evolution pattern. For each event result, we provide various analytic views such as frequency curves, word clouds and GPS distributions. We deploy \keysee on real Twitter streams and the results show that our demo outperforms existing keyword search engines on both quality and usability.
Personality traits modulate emotional and physiological responses to stress

An individual’s susceptibility to psychological and physical disorders associated with chronic stress exposure, for example, cardiovascular and infectious disease, may also be predicted by their reactivity to acute stress. One factor associated with both stress resilience and health outcomes is personality. An understanding of how personality influences responses to acute stress may shed light upon individual differences in susceptibility to chronic stress-linked disease. This study examined the relationships between personality and acute responses to stress in 125 healthy adults, using hierarchical linear regression. We assessed personality traits using the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ-BF), and responses to acute stress (cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, mood) using a standardized laboratory psychosocial stress task, the Trier Social Stress Test. Individuals with high Negative Emotionality exhibited greater emotional distress and lower blood pressure responses to the Trier Social Stress Test. Individuals with high agentic Positive Emotionality exhibited prolonged heart rate responses to stress, whereas those with high communal Positive Emotionality exhibited smaller cortisol and blood pressure responses. Separate personality traits differentially predicted emotional, cardiovascular, and cortisol responses to a psychosocial stressor in healthy volunteers. Future research investigating the association of personality with chronic stress-related disease may provide further clues to the relationship between acute stress reactivity and susceptibility to disease.