Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multifocal structured illumination fluorescence microscopy with large field-of-view and high spatio-temporal resolution

Fluorescence imaging is widely employed in biological discovery due to its excellent molecular sensitivity and contrast. However, due to light scattering wide-field fluorescence images are blurred resulting in very low spatial resolution and low image contrast. The existing scanning optical microscopy techniques are commonly restricted to sub-millimeter field-of-view or otherwise slow imaging speeds, limiting their applicability for imaging of fast biological dynamics occurring on larger spatial scales. Herein, we developed a rapid scanning wide-field multifocal structured illumination microscopy method based on a beam-splitting grating and an acousto-optic deflector synchronized with a high speed camera. The multi-beam pattern is focused by a condensing lens and a macroscopic objective to generate multifocal structured illumination profile on the imaged sample that is rapidly scanned at kHz rates. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve real-time fluorescence microscopy over a centimeter-scale field of view. Owing to the low numerical aperture of the diffracted beams, the illumination has a large depth of focus and hence is generally not affected by the sample’s curvature, which allowed here imaging of perfusion in the entire mouse cerebral cortex noninvasively. The new approach can be readily incorporated into traditional wide-field microscopes to attain optimal tradeoff between spatial resolution and field of view. It further establishes a bridge between conventional wide-field macroscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy, thus anticipated to find broad applicability in a variety of applications looking at large-scale fluorescent-based biodynamics.
A MATRIX-FREE NEWTON METHOD FOR COUPLED NEUTRONICS THERMAL-HYDRAULICS REACTOR ANALYSIS

A matrix-free Newton-Krylov method is developed for solving the coupled neutron and temperature/fluid field equations for practical nuclear reactor systems models. Results are compared to the traditional explicit “marching” method as well as to a nested iterative method in which the coupled fields are converged at each time step. The applications are first to a simplified example problem using a single fluid, one-dimensional core T-H and neutronics models, and then to a practical two-fluid, multi-dimensional T-H and neutronics model using the coupled codes TRAC-M and PARCS. Results indicate that the Newton-Krylov method has the potential to reduce the computational burden compared to the explicit marching method because of the increased time step size.
Flocking of multi‐agent nonholonomic systems with unknown leader dynamics and relative measurements

In this paper, we consider the distributed flocking control problem of multi‐agent nonholonomic systems with a virtual leader whose dynamics is unknown; state information is time varying and not available to all agents under both fixed and switching topologies. On the basis of the relative velocity and orientation information of neighboring agents, two distributed discontinuous control protocols are designed for fixed and switching topologies, respectively. By using tools from algebraic graph theory and nonsmooth analysis, the proposed distributed discontinuous control protocols guarantee that the velocities and orientations of the agents exponentially converge to the velocity and orientation of the virtual leader, respectively, while ensuring collision avoidance of the whole group, if the interaction graph among agents is undirected and the virtual leader with bounded time‐varying velocity has directed paths to other agents. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MOTIVATIONS, RESOURCES AND DEMANDS: BRAZILIAN'S STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS IN THEIR INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES

: This article investigates the choices and challenges faced by Brazilian international students, aiming to demonstrate the Brazilian international student's assessments of career internationalization, the HEI and the supervisor, in the process of internationalization of studies. This qualitative study uses literature triangulation, with 23 in-depth interviews, and more than 500 posts and 18 social media videos. The main results found are organized in the category of student assessments, indicating the motivations for the development of their careers, access to resources for internationalization, difficulties with advisors, problems with adaptation and with demands in the context of the destination university, including financial conditions. International students are sensitive and perceptive, and understanding their voices allows directing HEI management activities, both in the destination countries and in the home HEIs.
Fundamental Limit of Self-Field MPD Thruster E ﬃ ciency

A fundamental upper limit, ˆ η , for the thrust e ﬃ ciency of self-ﬁeld magnetolpasmadynamic thrusters (MPDTs) is derived from the generalized Ohm’s law and the minimization of the volume integral of the square of the current density, which controls dissipation in the MPDT. It is found that ˆ η (cid:39) 1 / (1 + 4 / R m ci ξ 4 ) , where ξ is the MPDT scaling number (the total current normalized by the current at which an equipartition of power occurs between thrust and ionization)
Constraining biospheric carbon dioxide fluxes by combined top-down and bottom-up approaches

Abstract. While the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions can be measured with high accuracy, there are still large uncertainties in its attribution to specific regions and diverse anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks. A major source of uncertainty is the net flux of carbon dioxide from the biosphere to the atmosphere, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE). There are two major approaches to quantifying NEE: top-down approaches that typically use atmospheric inversions and bottom-up estimates that rely on process-based or data-driven models or inventories. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have known strengths and limitations. Atmospheric inversions (e.g., those used in global carbon budgets) produce estimates of NEE that are consistent with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate at regional and global scales but are highly uncertain at smaller scales. Bottom-up data-driven models based on eddy-covariance measurements (e.g., FLUXCOM) match local observations of NEE and their spatial variability but have difficulty in accurately upscaling to a reliable global estimate. In this study, we propose combining the two approaches to produce global NEE estimates, with the goal of capitalizing on each approach's strengths and mitigating their limitations. We do this by constraining the data-driven FLUXCOM model with regional estimates of NEE derived from an ensemble of atmospheric inversions from the Global Carbon Budget 2021. To do this, we need to overcome a series of scientific and technical challenges when combining information about diverse physical variables, which are influenced by different processes at different spatial and temporal scales. We design a modeling structure that optimizes NEE by considering both the model's performance at the in situ level, based on eddy-covariance measurements, and at the level of large regions, based on atmospheric inversion estimates of NEE and their uncertainty. This resulting “dual-constraint” data-driven flux model improves on information based on single constraints (either top down or bottom up), producing robust locally resolved and globally consistent NEE spatio-temporal fields. Compared to reference estimates of the global land sink from the literature, e.g., Global Carbon Budgets, our double-constraint inferred global NEE shows a considerably smaller bias in global and tropical NEE compared to the underlying bottom-up data-driven model estimates (i.e., single constraint). The mean seasonality of our double-constraint inferred global NEE is also more consistent with the Global Carbon Budget and atmospheric inversions. At the same time, our model allows for more robustly spatially resolved NEE. The improved performance of the double-constraint model across spatial and temporal scales demonstrates the potential for adding a top-down constraint to a bottom-up data-driven flux model.
Geostrophic adjustment on the midlatitude β plane

Abstract. Analytical and numerical solutions of the linearized rotating shallow water equations are combined to study the geostrophic adjustment on the midlatitude β plane. The adjustment is examined in zonal periodic channels of width Ly=4Rd (narrow channel, where Rd is the radius of deformation) and Ly=60Rd (wide channel) for the particular initial conditions of a resting fluid with a step-like height distribution, η0. In the one-dimensional case, where η0=η0(y), we find that (i) β affects the geostrophic state (determined from the conservation of the meridional vorticity gradient) only when b=cot(ϕ0)RdR≥0.5 (where ϕ0 is the channel's central latitude, and R is Earth's radius); (ii) the energy conversion ratio varies by less than 10 % when b increases from 0 to 1; (iii) in wide channels, β affects the waves significantly, even for small b (e.g., b=0.005); and (iv) for b=0.005, harmonic waves approximate the waves in narrow channels, and trapped waves approximate the waves in wide channels. In the two-dimensional case, where η0=η0(x), we find that (i) at short times the spatial structure of the steady solution is similar to that on the f plane, while at long times the steady state drifts westward at the speed of Rossby waves (harmonic Rossby waves in narrow channels and trapped Rossby waves in wide channels); (ii) in wide channels, trapped-wave dispersion causes the equatorward segment of the wavefront to move faster than the northern segment; (iii) the energy of Rossby waves on the β plane approaches that of the steady state on the f plane; and (iv) the results outlined in (iii) and (iv) of the one-dimensional case also hold in the two-dimensional case.
Case Report Indirect Left Coraticocavernous Fistula

The caroticocavernous fistula (CCF) is an arteriovenous fistula and it is divided in general to direct fistula and indirect types. Indirect fistulas are due to communication by multiple branches between the internal and/or external carotid arteries and the cavernous sinus. The most frequent with is where the meningeal branches of the external carotid forming the fistula [1]. The indirect type came with important signs and symptoms as mentioned in the case report below. CCFs are a rare entity that can occur spontaneously or secondary to trauma. Traumatic CCFs account for the majority of CCFs. They can occur following closed head injury, skull base fractures, penetrating head trauma, or iatrogenically after craniotomies, endoscopic transsphenoidal or sinus surgery, and endovascular procedures [2,3]. These CCFs typically correspond to Type A CCFs (see Classification section). The true incidence is not well-documented; however, studies have reported an incidence of 0.2% in patients with traumatic brain injury and up to 4% with skull base fractures [4]. Bilateral CCFs are rare but more commonly reported in traumatic CCFs, occurring in up to 1% of traumatic cases [5].
Intelligent Detection of Disinformation Based on Chronological and Spatial Topologies

As communication and high-speed internet make it easy to spread fake news on social media, scholars propose methods to detect it. However, existing approaches have limitations, such as reduced effectiveness without user information and high computational costs. Our proposed method, based on temporal and communication networks, is mainly used in the context of lack of user-related data and large textual datasets such as social media, forums, and online news. In sparse data settings, our proposed method can capture the propagation features of fake news for fake news detection, which is a feature extraction method based on building a propagation network for fake news detection. By studying the propagation pattern of fake news on social media, we obtain features belonging to the propagation network and test the source tweets using various machine learning classifiers. We also conduct experiments on realistic datasets to validate the method’s feasibility in social network scenarios.
Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources

Abstract. The oxygen (Δ17O) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of atmospheric nitrate (NO3-) are widely used as tracers of its formation pathways, precursor (nitrogen oxides (NOx) ≡ nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) emission sources, and physico-chemical processing. However, the lack of observations on the multi-isotopic composition of NO2 perpetuates significant uncertainties regarding the quantitative links between the isotopic composition of NOx and NO3-, which ultimately may bias inferences about NO3- formation processes and the distribution of sources, particularly in winter urban atmospheres. We report here on the first simultaneous atmospheric observations of Δ17O and δ15N in NO2 (n=16) and NO3- (n=14). The measurements were carried out at sub-daily (∼3 h) resolution over 2 non-consecutive days in an Alpine city in February 2021. A strong diurnal signal is observed in both NO2 and NO3- multi-isotopic composition. Δ17O of NO2 and NO3- ranges from 19.6 ‰ to 40.8 ‰ and from 18.3 ‰ to 28.1 ‰, respectively. During the day and night, the variability in Δ17O(NO2) is mainly driven by the oxidation of NO by ozone, with a substantial contribution from peroxy radicals in the morning. NO3- mass balance equations, constrained by observed Δ17O(NO2), suggest that during the first day of sampling, most of the NO3- was formed locally from the oxidation of NO2 by hydroxyl radicals by day and via heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide at night. For the second day, calculated and observed Δ17O(NO3-) do not match, particularly daytime values; the possible effects on Δ17O(NO3-) of a Saharan dust event that occurred during this sampling period and of winter boundary layer dynamics are discussed. δ15N of NO2 and NO3- ranges from −10.0 ‰ to 19.7 ‰ and from −4.2 ‰ to 14.9 ‰, respectively. Consistent with theoretical predictions of N isotope fractionation, the observed variability in δ15N(NO2) is explained by significant post-emission equilibrium N fractionation. After accounting for this effect, vehicle exhaust is found to be the primary source of NOx emissions at the sampling site. δ15N(NO3-) is closely linked to δ15N(NO2) variability, bringing further support to relatively fast and local NOx processing. Uncertainties in current N fractionation factors during NO2 to NO3- conversion are underlined. Overall, this detailed investigation highlights the potential and necessity of simultaneously using Δ17O and δ15N in NO2 and NO3- in order to better constrain quantitative inferences about the sources and formation chemistry of NO3- in urban environments in winter.
Aerosol absorption by in-situ ﬁlter-based photometer and ground-based sun-photometer in an urban atmosphere

Light Absorbing Aerosols (LAA) are short-lived climate forcers with a signiﬁcant impact on Earth radiative balance and include dust aerosols, Black Carbon (BC) and organic light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol (collectively termed as Brown Carbon, BrC), which have been also proven to be highly toxic. Aerosol absorption at 5 wavelengths (UV, B, G, R, IR) by ﬁlter photometer was monitored continuously during two winter seasons in 2020 and 2021 in the city of Modena (South-central Po valley, Northern Italy) at the two regulatory air quality monitoring sites, along with other pollutants (PM 10 , PM 2 . 5 , O 3 , 5 NO, NO 2 , C 6 H 6 ) and vehicular trafﬁc
Trust attribution in collaborative robots: An experimental investigation of non-verbal cues in a virtual human-robot interaction setting

—This paper reports the development of non-verbal HRI (Human-Robot Interaction) behaviors on a robotic manipulator and evaluating the role of trust in collaborative assembly tasks. Towards this end, we developed a set of non-verbal HRI behaviors on a UR5 robotic manipulator and used them under different degrees of trust of the user to the robot actions. Speciﬁcally, we used a certain ”head-on neck posture” for the cobot using the last three links along with the gripper. The gaze behavior directed the gripper towards the desired point in space, alongside with the head shaking behavior. In a simple collaborative scenario, the formation of trust between the robot and the user was investigated in terms of the relationship between the degree of trust in the robot and task performance of the participants. We designed a remote setup to experiment subjects interacting with the cobot remotely via teleconferencing.
Availability and Timing of Informativity Inferences

Conversational partners expect each other to communicate rationally and cooperatively and to contribute relevant and informative utterances. Occasionally, however, speakers produce trivial utterances which may violate our expectations of informativity. These utterances can prompt listeners to draw inferences about a speaker’s goals in producing such an utterance. Here we present two studies investigating how and when listeners derive informativity-based inferences. The results demonstrate that speaker knowledge plays an important role in the computation of inferences. Furthermore, the timecourse of the results suggests that these inferences do not always arise automatically and that their computation is costly.
CSE 272 Assignment 3 : Final Project

Grading. The project will be graded based on two aspects: technical sophistication and artistic sophistication. You can have a project that does not have much technical component, but it renders beautiful images. Alternatively, you can have a project that produces programmer arts, but is highly technical. To encourage people to pursue ambitious projects, the more ambitious the project is, the less requirement that is to the completness of the project. For example, if you aim to work on a research idea that is novel enough to be published at SIGGRAPH, we will not judge you using the standard of a technical paper. It is sufficient to show your work and the initial prototypes and experiments you develop, even if the initial result does not show practical benefit yet.
A standardized pipeline for isolation and assembly of genomes from symbiotic bacteria in whole louse genomic sequence data

8 Introduction.9 Methods.12 Strategy to produce an endosymbiont genome in isolation.12 Step 1, stimulated data.13 Step 2, quality control.18 Step 3, whole genome assembly.18 Step 4, identification of candidate endosymbiont contigs.19 Step 5, parsing blastn output to filter endosymbiont contigs.20 Step 6, isolation of potential endosymbiont reads.22 Step 7, reassembly of endosymbiont genome.23 Results and discussion.23 Parsing simulated de novo genome assembly.24 Implementation with libraries from previous studies.34 Conclusion . 43 References.44
State Financialisation and Economic Growth

This thesis aims to identity the effect of state-financialisation on economic growth in the member states of the European Union (EU). In doing, so this thesis tackles one of the most empirically contested ar­ eas of research in contemporary international and comparative political economy the process of state financialisation (Amable et al., 2019). To develop an analytically clear and concise framework, the concept of financialisation of the state and its effect on economic growth includes two dimensions: (i) the reliance on the market as a governance mech­ anism, and (ii) the adoption of a sense-making framework grounded in financial economics and the shareholder value model. This definition is well equipped to analyse the relationship between states and markets, because it allows to make a distinction between financial accumulation and financial logics used by governments (Schwan et al., 2021). To analyse the relationship between economic growth and state financialisation on 26 EU countries between 1995 and 2021 this thesis identifies four indicators of state financialisation which affect economic growth (marketable debt, the share of public dept, funded pensions, use of swaps, financial assets, FDI); and three control variables (the inflation rate, the degree of trade openness and the education level of the popu­ lation). The results show a the relation is ambiguous and more research is necessary.
Weight Function Method With Segment-Wise Polynomial Interpolation to Calculate Stress Intensity Factors for Complicated Stress Distributions

Many solutions of the stress intensity factor have been proposed in recent years. However, most of them take only third or fourth-order polynomial stress distributions into account. For complicated stress distributions which are difficult to be represented as third or fourth-order polynomial equations over the stress distribution area such as residual stress distributions or thermal stress distributions in dissimilar materials, it is important to further improve the accuracy of the stress intensity factor.In this study, a weight function method with segment-wise polynomial interpolation is proposed to calculate solutions of the stress intensity factor for complicated stress distributions. By using this method, solutions of the stress intensity factor can be obtained without employing finite element analysis or difficult calculations. It is therefore easy to use in engineering applications. In this method, the stress distribution area is firstly divided into several segments and the stress distribution in each segment is curve fitted to segment-wise polynomial equation. The stress intensity factor is then calculated based on the weight function method and the fitted stress distribution in each segment. Some example solutions for both infinite length cracks and semi-elliptical cracks are compared with the results from finite element analysis. In conclusion, it is confirmed that this method is applicable with high accuracy to the calculation of the stress intensity factor taking actual complicated stress distributions into consideration.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Real‐time hybrid control of electrohydraulic active suspension

Electrohydraulic actuators are an attractive choice for active suspension, because these systems provide a high power‐to‐weight ratio. However, their dynamics are highly nonlinear. In addition, the use of one simple controller for both position and force is complicated, because there is a compromise between them in the case of active suspension. Most existing controllers do not efficiently fulfill the requirements, because only one state variable is considered.
PENGARUH STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA TERHADAP SIKAP KEWIRAUSAHAAN

This study was conducted to determine whether there are significant socio-economic status of parents towards entrepreneurial attitudes. Data collected through questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. The population in this study there was a class X student of marketing. Sampling on research using saturation sampling 71 respondents. Testing data in this study tested the validity, reliability test, linearity test and hypothesis testing. The method used is descriptive verification. Analysis data technique used is Partial Least Square with computer software tools SmartPLS 3.0. Based on this overall research result, the counting that gained from simple regression conclude that socio-economic status of parents have a positive impact with strong category towards entrepreneurial attitudes. Keywords: Socio Economic Status of Parents, Attitudes Entrepreneurship