Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On incorporating bone microstructure in macro- nite-element models

Bone is porous and has a complex microstructure. This study considers the effect of microstructural morphology on the macrolevel mechanical properties of bone. Improved incorporation of such properties is required to advance current finite element approximations of bone behaviour. A technique to computationally generate realistic trabecular bone microstructures is developed. This provides the possibility of examining the effect of different microstructures on the macrolevel mechanical behaviour of bone. They would also permit direct incorporation of bone microstructure in macroscale finite element analyses without the prohibitive computational and experimental costs of donor-image based mesh generation. Micro-finite-element analyses are used for the first time to evaluate the macrolevel orthotropic elastic constants of cortical bone resulting from variations of microstructural morphology. It is concluded that the ratio of canal volume to tissue volume is the most powerful predictor of cortical bone elastic constants and that considerable periosteal-endosteal variations in these constants can develop with bone loss. The role of microstructure in cortical bone toughness is investigated using nano-finite-element analyses of murine cortical bone samples to simulate the initiation and propagation of microcracks. Results confirm the experimentally observed ability of canal and lacuna pores to act as stress raisers, thereby guiding the growth of microcracks. A novel and numerically efficient strain-based plasticity algorithm is presented which permits easy incorporation of strength anisotropy in finite element analyses of bone. The previously evaluated elastic properties of cortical bone are combined with the developed plasticity algorithm to conduct a detailed macro-finite-element investigation of external fixation of tibial midshaft fractures. Old patients are found to be at considerably higher risk of implant loosening under both unilateral and Ilizarov fixation, compared to younger patients.
Activation of protein splicing by protease- or light-triggered O to N acyl migration.

Intramolecular O-N acyl migrations are well known reactions in organic chemistry[1-3]. This type of rearrangement has been the object of renewed interest in the field of chemical biology as it provides opportunities for the spatial and temporal control of peptide conformation and function. [4, 5] Incorporation of an O-acyl isomer of a peptide bond at a serine or threonine residue in a peptide sequence (herein referred to as an O-acyl linkage) introduces a kink into the main chain of the biopolymer and interrupts the normal backbone hydrogen-bonding characteristics, both of which can affect structure and function. [5-7] In the case where the Ser/Thr α-amino group is transiently protected, recovery of the normal amide backbone and, as a consequence, native structure and function, can be achieved by removal of this protecting group, thereby triggering the spontaneous O-N acyl shift. Accordingly, a variety of triggers of O-N acyl migrations have been developed that allow the restoration of native structure following the administration of light,[8] pH,[9] or enzymatic activity. [10]
Linguistic Profiling for Author Recognition and Verification

A new technique is introduced, linguistic profiling, in which large numbers of counts of linguistic features are used as a text profile, which can then be compared to average profiles for groups of texts. The technique proves to be quite effective for authorship verification and recogni­ tion. The best parameter settings yield a False Accept Rate of 8.1% at a False Re­ ject Rate equal to zero for the verification task on a test corpus of student essays, and a 99.4% 2-way recognition accuracy on the same corpus.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Liver biopsy in the balance

The use of liver biopsy to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma is governed by the balance of the risks of the procedure (morbidity, mortality, inadequate sampling), the relative utility of non-invasive techniques and the benefits of precise diagnosis, prognostic and theragnostic information and access to tissue for molecular analysis. In this issue of Hepatology, identification of the macrotrabecular subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma on liver biopsy is shown to add clinically useful prognostic information as well as molecular correlations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Serum lipid concentrations in dogs with tail chasing.

OBJECTIVE To characterise lipid profile in dogs with tail chasing. METHODS Fifteen dogs with tail chasing were included in this study. A behavioural diagnosis was made for each dog on the basis of the dog's behavioural history, clinical signs and results of other medical assessments. None of the dogs had concurrent medical disease that would account for compulsive tail chasing. Blood samples were taken from each dog after a fasting period of 12 to 16 hours to measure total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Fifteen control dogs were also enrolled on the basis of normal physical examination results, complete blood count and serum biochemistry profiles. RESULTS Dogs with tail chasing had significantly higher total cholesterol (P<0.01), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.001) compared with control dogs. Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ significantly between the groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tail chasing may be associated with serum cholesterol elevations in dogs. High serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may be used as biochemical parameters of compulsive tail chasing in clinical settings.
A review of the processes that control snow friction

Abstract : There is a long history of interest in snow friction, but it is still necessary to speculate about the details of the processes. Roughness elements and contact areas must be characterized before the basic processes can be well understood. These parameters change with movement over snow and, in fresh snow, probably change along the length of the slider. Friction results from a mixture of processes: dry, lubricated, and possibly capillary. Dry rubbing occurs at low speeds, loads, and/or temperatures and is characterized by solid-to-solid interactions requiring solid deformation. With small quantities of meltwater present, elastohydrodynamics must be used to account for processes at partially separated surfaces and, when too much water is present, the contact area increases and there may be capillary attachments. Static charging probably occurs and may attract dirt that, even in the size range of micrometers, could complicate the processes. Slider thermal conductivity and even color are very important. Heat is generated by friction and solar radiation absorbtion but some is conducted away by the slider and ice particles. The remaining heat is available to generate meltwater, which acts as a lubricant. Polyethylene bases offer many advantages including low ice adhesion, high hydrophobicity, high hardness and elasticity, good machinability, and good absorption of waxes. While sliders must be designed for use over a narrow range of snow and weather conditions, polyethylene bases can be structured and waxed to broaden that range. The important processes operate, not at the air temperature, but at the ski base temperature, which is highly dependent on such things as snow surface temperature, load, and speed. Friction, Rubbing, Snow physics, Plastics, Skis, Wax, Polyethylene, Sliding, Polymers, Snow.
MULTIRESOLUTION CONTROL OF CURVES AND SURFACES WITH A SELF-SIMILAR MODEL

This paper presents two self-similar models that allow the control of curves and surfaces. The first model is based on IFS (Iterated Function Systems) theory and the second on subdivision curve and surface theory. Both of these methods employ the detail concept as in the wavelet transform, and allow the multiresolution control of objects with control points at any resolution level. In the first model, the detail is inserted independently of control points, requiring it to be rotated when applying deformations. In contrast, the second method describes details relative to control points, allowing free control point deformations. Modeling examples of curves and surfaces are presented, showing manipulation facilities of the models.
Salient Features of Soft Tissue Examination Velocity during Manual Palpation

The direct access to organs during Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (RMIS) is limited and palpation is difficult to be implemented. Therefore, there is a need for the development of advanced tactile instruments to be used for intra-operative soft tissue examination and accurate localization of abnormalities, such as tumours. Despite the availability of tactile devices for soft tissue examination [1], [2], the influence of probing behaviour on abnormality detection has not been studied yet. Our work underlines the importance of optimally chosen speed and load during tactile examination of the simulated viscoelastic environment [3]. In this work, we study the impact of velocity during manual palpation on the detection of hard inclusions in a silicone phantom and ex-vivo porcine kidney samples. In addition, validation results based on Finite Element (FE) simulations are presented. We present the evaluation of palpation velocity and show that it is a valuable source of information for the development of probing strategies and the design of new tactile sensing devices.
Double-scatter Mueller matrices for vector electromagnetic scattering from single grooves and lines on rough surfaces

A recently developed numerical method is used to calculate the double-scattered Mueller matrices for scattering of vector-electromagnetic waves from rough surfaces. The method is based on a modified version of the Kirchhoff approximation and is valid for surfaces with vertical walls and for any surface material. Calculations are performed for the case of a single groove and a single rib on silicon and gold surfaces and results are compared to published experimental results. The calculated results of the 16 elements of the Mueller matrix as functions of the scatter angle show good qualitative agreement with the experimental results for the groove cases. Results for the rib cases show poorer agreement, possibly due to variations from the optimum parameters of the surface structure.
Investigation of the determinants of nuclear pore number.

To assess the functional significance of nuclear pore complexes, we have investigated whether the number of pores per nucleus is determined by such factors as the nuclear volume, nuclear surface area, DNA content, or aspects of nuclear activity. Comparisons were made between cell types chosen to permit observation of differences in nuclear pore number as a function of differences in the other qualities measured. The number of nuclear pores was determined by freeze-etching and measurements of nuclear surface and nuclear volume by electron and light microscopy. Pairs of cell strains in culture that contained different numbers of chromosome sets were investigated to examine the relation of pore number to total DNA content. Tetraploid cells of the rat kangaroo (Potorous tridactylus) have almost exactly twice the number of pores found in the parental diploid strain. However, the pore number in diploid grassfrog (Rana pipiens) cells was only 65% greater than in the parental haploid cells. In addition, a polyploid series of nucleated RBC had a 62% pore number increase with each successive increase in ploidy. Diploid cell strains from the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) and from the cactus mouse (P. eremicus) were compared to test whether a difference reflecting the 36% additional DNA in cells of the latter, associated with extra heterochromatin, existed. Although both were found to have the same number of pores and nuclear surface area, the cells differed in nuclear volume. These observations suggest that the number of nuclear pores is independent of the total amount of nuclear DNA, the nuclear surface area (and, thus, presumably the fraction of DNA that is bound to the nuclear membrane), the nuclear volume, and the size of the genome. Rather, the number of nuclear pores appears to be associated with some aspect of nuclear metabolic activity, e.g., transcriptional capacity or release of products to the cytoplasm. Further evidence for such a view comes from studies of chick embryo erythroblasts. In these, nuclear pore number was found to be lower in associated with the decreasing nuclear transcriptional activity and longer generation times that characterize the successive cell divisions leading to the fully differentiated state. The number of pore complexes reconstructed in the last cell cycles declined in a manner consistent with reutilization of previously formed pores in the absence of new pore synthesis. Challenging this interpretation is the increase in pore number at lower metabolic activity when Xenopus laevis cells are grown at different temperatures. The speculation that pore complexes have a longer half-life in cooler grown Xenopus cells could resolve the discrepancy.
Improved performance of PACE 2 with modified collection system in combination with probe competition assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral specimens from males

The Gen-Probe PACE 2 assay (GP) in combination with a modified collection system was compared with cell culture (CC) for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral specimens from males. Analysis of discordant results was performed by PCR. The modifications, i.e., application of a more rigid swab type and a 50% reduction in the amount of transport medium, were made to improve the sensitivity of the assay. By using the modified GP on 302 urethral specimens from males, a sensitivity of 89.5% and a specificity of 100% were determined. In addition, performance of a probe competition assay on all GP samples with a result > 0.6 and < 1.0 times the cutoff factor (gray zone) detected three more true-positive samples. The sensitivity of GP in combination with the probe competition assay increased to 94.9%, with a specificity of 100%. This was identical to the performance of CC. The modified GP offers a very sensitive and specific alternative to CC.
Complete and incomplete PMU observablity for hybrid state estimation

A hybrid state estimator is a tool that integrates conventional measurements along with synchronized phaosr measurements. In this paper, an optimal PMU placement (OPP) technique has been proposed for complete PMU observability and then system state estimation using incomplete PMU observability state has been tested. Initially, the optimal number of PMU has been used to make the system completely observable. Hybrid state estimation has been implemented by integrating conventional measurements along with PMU observable states. Effect of zero injection bus (ZIB) for OPP problem formulation and in state estimation has been considered. IEEE 14-bus system and 30-bus system have been used to check the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The comparison of the outputs shows that the output of hybrid state estimation improves the accuracy of the output of conventional state estimation.
Global High Dimension Outlier Algorithm for Efficient Clustering and Outlier Detection

In this digital era most of the knowledge kinded on the market in digital form. For several years, individuals have command the hypothesis that exploitation phrases for square measure presentation of document and topic ought to perform higher than terms. During this paper we have a tendency to square measure examine and investigate this reality with considering many states of art data processing strategies that offers satisfactory results to boost the effectiveness of the pattern. Here we have a tendency to implementing pattern detection methodology to resolve downside of term-based strategies and improved result that useful in info retrieval systems. Our proposal is additionally evaluated for many well distinguish domain, providing all told cases, reliable taxonomies considering preciseness and recall in conjunction with Fmeasure. For the experiment, we'll use massive dataset and therefore the results ought to show that we have a tendency to improve the discovering pattern as compared to previous text mining strategies. The results of the experiment setup ought to show that the keyword-based strategies not offer higher performance than pattern-based methodology. The results additionally indicate that removal of vacuous patterns not solely reduces the price of computation however additionally improves the effectiveness of the system
Controllable Self‐Assembled Microstructures of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3:NiO Nanocomposite Thin Films and Their Tunable Functional Properties

Two‐phase self‐assembled nanocomposite films have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their potential applications in novel technological devices. However, tuning the physical properties by modulating the microstructure of self‐assembled nanocomposite films is still a challenge. In this study, epitaxial La0.7Ca0. 3MnO3:NiO nanocomposite films are synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. In the composite films with a NiO ratio of 50%, microstructures with nanomultilayer, nanogranular, and nanocolumnar characteristics are successfully obtained by using different growth modes. The metal–insulator transition and magnetic transition can be separately modulated by tuning the microstructures. By precisely modulating the microstructure, a significantly enhanced low‐field magnetoresistance (>80% at a magnetic field of 1 T) with an unusual plateau in the temperature interval from 10 to 110 K is realized in these films, which is expected to be applicable in field‐sensor devices that can be operated in a wide temperature range.
High systolic blood pressure increases the risk of obtaining a disability pension because of cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 903 174 Swedish men

Background Hypertension puts a heavy economic burden on society through large medical care expenditures and productivity losses resulting from disability and premature death. The risk of obtaining a disability pension (DP) because of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been explored in previous research. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which high systolic blood pressure (BP) among 18-year-old men increases the risk of obtaining a DP in later life, for any reason or specifically because of CVD, compared with men with normal systolic BP. Design/methods A record linkage was performed involving several nation-wide Swedish registers. The study cohort consisted of men born between 1951 and 1970 who underwent military conscription during 1969-1994, when they were 17-20 years of age. Data on BP, weight, height and muscle strength were obtained from conscription examinations, and information on DP and the underlying International Classification of Diseases diagnosis were retrieved from the Social Insurance Office 1971-2006. Analyses were conducted by Cox proportional hazards regression models with adjustment for several confounding factors. Results Among 903 174 men with complete data, mean follow-up time was 26.8 years and 54 524 men (6.0%) attained DP. The risk of obtaining a DP because of CVD among men with moderate/severe hypertension (systolic BP ≥ 160 mmHg) was moderately increased, fully adjusted hazard ratio = 1.52 (95% confidence interval = 1.04-2.22) compared with men with normal systolic BP. Conclusion This large population-based cohort study showed that moderate/severe hypertension in young adulthood conveyed an increased risk of obtaining a DP caused by CVD. Primary prevention of hypertension and optimal early treatment of hypertension may reduce productivity losses because of DP caused by CVD.
Nucleation and Adhesion of ALD Copper on Cobalt Adhesion Layers and Tungsten Nitride Diffusion Barriers

Microprocessor technology now relies on copper for most of its electrical interconnections. Because of the high diffusivity of copper, diffusion barriers are needed to keep the copper from diffusing into the insulators and silicon semiconductors, in which copper would degrade or destroy performance. Sputtered tantalum nitride sTaNxd generally serves as the copper diffusion barrier. Another problem with copper is that it has weak adhesion to most other materials, including TaNx. Thus an adhesion-enhancing layer of sputtered tantalum metal ~Ta! is placed between the TaNx and the copper. A thin layer of sputtered copper serves as the seed for electroplating of the bulk of the copper interconnections. The sputtering technology for depositing seed layers of copper is experiencing difficulty in placing the copper within increasingly narrow trenches and vias. 1 If the copper seed layer has any gaps in its continuity, then a void may remain after the electrochemical filling of the conductor. Such a void may cause high resistance or even an open circuit. This problem arises because of the limited step coverage that can be achieved using sputtering. Atomic layer deposition ~ALD! 2 is able to deposit films that are
Altered pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract Background: Severe forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) adversely affect the liver physiology and hence the pharmacokinetics of drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of NAFLD on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, an insulin sensitizer used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups. The first group (n=14) was fed with normal chow feed and the second group (n=14) was fed with 60% high-fat diet (HFD) and 40% high fructose liquid (HFL) for 60 days to induce NAFLD. The development of NAFLD was confirmed by histopathology, liver triglyceride levels and biochemical estimations, and used for pharmacokinetic investigations. Rosiglitazone was administered orally at 30 mg/kg dose. At predetermined time points, blood was collected and rosiglitazone concentrations were determined using LC/MS/MS. Plasma concentrations were subjected to non-compartmental analysis using Phoenix WinNonlin (6.3), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was calculated by the linear-up log-down method. Results: HFD and HFL diet successfully induced NAFLD in mice. Rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics in NAFLD animals were altered significantly as compared to healthy mice. Rosiglitazone exposure increased significantly in NAFLD mice (2.5-fold higher AUC than healthy mice). The rosiglitazone oral clearance was significantly lower and the mean plasma half-life was significantly longer in NAFLD mice as compared to healthy mice. Conclusions: The NAFLD mouse model showed profound effects on rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics. The magnitude of change in rosiglitazone pharmacokinetics is similar to that observed in humans with moderate to severe liver disease. The present animal model can be utilized to study the NAFLD-induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of different drugs.