Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of semiconductor laser to deep sinusoidal injection current modulation

Laser diode response to deep sinusoidal injection current modulation is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. By the numerical analysis of multilongitudinal rate equations with a modulation term, regular pulsation regions and the spectral broadening and wavelength shift of the optical pulse are given. These theoretical results are well supported by experimental observations with an AlGaAs laser diode, where a 40-70 ps optical pulse at a repetition rate of 200 MHz to 2.17 GHz was obtained. The possibility of generating a coherent optical pulse by harmonic frequency injection current modulation of laser diodes without external cavities is pointed out theoretically. Further, coherent pulsations by external light injection in sinusoidally modulated laser diodes are investigated both theoretically and experimentally.
Modified Fourier–Hankel method based on analysis of errors i n Abel inversion using Fourier transform techniques (publis hed, see [1])

Errors in discrete Abel inversion methods using Fourier tra nsform techniques have been analyzed. The Fourier expansio n method is very accurate but sensitive to noise. The Fourier–Hankel method has a sign ifica t systematic negative deviation, which increases wit h the radius; inversion error of the method can be reduced by adjusting the value of a f actor. With a decrease of the factor both methods show noise fi ltering property. Based on the analysis, a modified Fourier–Hankel method that is ccurate, computationally efficient, and has the ability to filter noise in the inversion process is proposed for applying to experimental data.
Scientific Production on Clusters in South America

The theme that deals with clusters have been discussed incessantly by the academic community. However, despite not being a new issue, it is an issue that needs a broad engagement for its full development. In this context, the general objective of this research is to analyze the state of the art of scientific production on clusters in countries that make up South America, according to the Scopus platform. Based on the principles of social network analysis, the textual corpus available in the context of the terms Cluster OR “Industrial District” OR NOT “Cluster Analysis” from the survey of 300 articles in databases and through the application of selection filters were explored. 150 articles we extracted for the corpus of this research. To data compile, the following softwares we used: HistCiteTM, VOSviewer, Gephi and Iramuteq. The textual analysis modality of the research corpus associated with metric studies was adopted to contextualize the indicators related to production. As a result of this study, a research elite in South America composed of 19 authors, 5 thematic communities called Performance, Cooperation, Innovation, Market and Resources, 31 bibliographic couplings, Brazil as the country that publishes the most articles in the area with 101 documents.
A short note on SPSA techniques and their use in nonlinear bioprocess identification

Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) is a gradient-based optimization method which has become popular since the 1990s. In contrast with standard numerical procedures, this method requires only a few cost function evaluations to obtain gradient information, and can therefore be advantageously applied when identifying a large number of unknown model parameters, as for instance in neural network models or first-principles models. In this paper, a first-order SPSA algorithm is introduced, which makes use of adaptive gain sequences, gradient smoothing and a step rejection procedure to enhance convergence and stability. The algorithm performance is illustrated with the estimation of the most-likely kinetic parameters and initial conditions of a bioprocess model describing the evolution of batch animal cell cultures.
Development of a far-infrared ring laser for plasma diagnostic applications

Linear cavity optically pumped far‐infrared (FIR) lasers have been used extensively for plasma diagnostic measurements. However, recent experiments have suffered from frequency pulling induced by feedback of FIR radiation. The application of a ring cavity to FIR lasers is investigated as a means of improving frequency stability, particularly in the presence of strong feedback. Unidirectional traveling wave laser operation is observed, and so feedback radiation does not interact directly with the dominant cavity mode. The resultant frequency pulling is observed to be minimal (∼5 kHz) in comparison with a linear cavity (Δf∼100 kHz) when a feedback power of Δf∼2% is studied. In addition, the ring laser eliminates the two‐photon light shift, and, therefore, significantly (a factor of 10) improves the absolute frequency stability near the absorption line center.
Anisotropic pressure correlation spectra in turbulent shear flow

Abstract We measured the correlation spectrum ${\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$ of pressure fluctuations in a driving mixing layer with a Taylor-scale Reynolds number ${R}_{\lambda } $ up to ${\simeq }700$ by a newly developed pressure probe with spatial and temporal resolutions that are sufficient to analyse inertial-subrange statistics. The influence of the mean velocity gradient tensor ${S}_{ij} $ in the mixing layer, which is almost constant near its centreline, is studied using an idea similar to that underlying the linear response theory developed in statistical mechanics for systems at or near thermal equilibrium. If we write the spectrum ${\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$ as ${\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})= { \hat {Q} }_{p}^{(0)} (\mathbi{k})+ \mrm{\Delta} {\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$, where ${ \hat {Q} }_{p}^{(0)} (\mathbi{k})$ is the isotropic Kolmogorov spectrum in the absence of mean shear, then for small ${S}_{ij} $ the deviation $ \mrm{\Delta} {\hat {Q} }_{p} (\mathbi{k})$ due to the shear is approximately linear and is determined by a few non-dimensional universal constants in addition to ${S}_{ij} $, $k$ and the mean energy dissipation rate. We also measured the pressure–velocity and velocity–velocity correlation spectra. Deviations from isotropy due to shear are shown to be approximately proportional to ${S}_{ij} $ at large ${R}_{\lambda } $.
Generalized Hough transform based time invariant action recognition with 3D pose information

Human action recognition has emerged as an important field in the computer vision community due to its large number of applications such as automatic video surveillance, content based video-search and human robot interaction. In order to cope with the challenges that this large variety of applications present, recent research has focused more on developing classifiers able to detect several actions in more natural and unconstrained video sequences. The invariance discrimination tradeoff in action recognition has been addressed by utilizing a Generalized Hough Transform. As a basis for action representation we transform 3D poses into a robust feature space, referred to as pose descriptors. For each action class a one-dimensional temporal voting space is constructed. Votes are generated from associating pose descriptors with their position in time relative to the end of an action sequence. Training data consists of manually segmented action sequences. In the detection phase valid human 3D poses are assumed as input, e.g. originating from 3D sensors or monocular pose reconstruction methods. The human 3D poses are normalized to gain view-independence and transformed into (i) relative limb-angle space to ensure independence of non-adjacent joints or (ii) geometric features. In (i) an action descriptor consists of the relative angles between limbs and their temporal derivatives. In (ii) the action descriptor consists of different geometric features. In order to circumvent the problem of time-warping we propose to use a codebook of prototypical 3D poses which is generated from sample sequences of 3D motion capture data. This idea is in accordance with the concept of equivalence classes in action space. Results of the codebook method are presented using the Kinect sensor and the CMU Motion Capture Database.
Growing Taller without Hormones? Dr. Consult Google—An Evaluation of Online Information Related to Limb Lengthening

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, content and readability of the information available on the Internet related to limb lengthening surgeries, which have recently been progressively in fashion. Methods: The three most commonly used browsers on the Internet were determined and a search term for “Limb Lengthening Surgery” was typed for each browser. The websites were categorized by their type, and the content and the quality of them was evaluated using the DISCERN score, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark and the Global Quality Score (GQS). The Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FKRS) were used to evaluate the readability. Each website also assessed the presence (or absence) of the Health on Net (HON) code. Results: The academic category was found to be significantly higher than the medical and commercial categories. Mean FKGL and FCRS scores, DISCERN score values, JAMA, GQS and LLCS score values of Websites with HON code were significantly higher than those without. Conclusions: The quality of online information related to limb lengthening was of low quality. Although some websites, especially academic resources, were of higher quality, the readability of their content is just about 2.5 degrees higher than the sixth-grade reading level.
A systematic review of screening diagnostic tools for trigeminal neuralgia

Background and objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare chronic neuropathic pain condition of sudden and severe pain, often described as an electric shock. Diagnosis is challenging for non-expert clinicians, particularly in primary care settings. We wanted to identify and assess the diagnostic accuracy of existing screening tools for TN and orofacial pain that could be used to support the diagnosis of TN in primary care. Databases and data treatment We searched key databases (MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, and Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO) supplemented by citation tracking from January 1988 to 2021. We used an adapted version of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) to assess the methodological quality of each study. Results Searches identified five studies, from the UK, USA and Canada; three validated self-report questionnaires; and two artificial neural networks. All screened for multiple orofacial pain diagnoses, including dentoalveolar pain, musculoskeletal pain (temporomandibular disorders) and neurological pain (trigeminal neuralgia, headache, atypical facial pain and postherpetic neuralgia). The overall quality assessment was low for one study. Conclusions Diagnosis of TN can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. Our review found few existing screening tools to diagnose TN, and none is currently suitable to be used in primary care settings. This evidence supports the need to adapt an existing tools or to create a new tool for this purpose. The development of an appropriate screening questionnaire could assist non-expert dental and medical clinicians to identify TN more effectively and empower them to manage or refer patients for treatment more effectively.
Electron backscatter diffraction mapping of herringbone domain structures in tetragonal piezoelectrics

Herringbone domain structures have been mapped using electron backscatter diffraction in two tetragonal piezoelectrics: lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr,Ti)O3] and bismuth ferrite–lead titanate [(PbTi)0.5(BiFe)0.5O3]. Analysis of the domain misorientations across the band junctions shows that the structures correspond very well to crystallographic models. High resolution mapping with a 20nm step size allowed the crystal rotation across one of these band junctions in lead zirconate titanate to be studied in detail and allowed an improved estimation of the peak strain at the junction, of 0.56GPa. The significance of this for crack nucleation and propagation in such materials is discussed.
Transonic trailing-edge flow

The structure of the flowfield in the vicinity of the trailing edge of a flat plate at zero incidence in mixed transonic flow has been studied using viscous-inviscid interaction methods. The resulting nonlinear partial differential equations governing the flow were solved numerically using finite-difference methods for a range of values of a transonic similarity parameter which occurs in the mathematical formulation of the problem. Of special interest is the formula for the total drag coefficient of the plate as a function of the similarity parameter. Values of the similarity parameter have been chosen to ensure that subcritical, supercritical and mixed flow regimes are all considered
Changes in Sedentary Time and Implicit Preference for Sedentary Behaviors in Response to a One-Month Educational Intervention in Primary School Children: Results from the Globe Trotter Pilot Cluster-Randomized Study

School-based multi-component educational interventions have been encouraged to improve children’s movement behaviors. The present study evaluates the effect of the Globe Trotter Initiative on physical activity (PA) level, sedentary time, physical fitness and activity preferences in primary school children. A total of 361 children (9–10 years) participated in this cluster-randomized trial. Nine schools were randomized as control (CON, 121 children) or Globe Trotter schools (GT, 240 children). Physical fitness, body composition, anthropometric characteristics, PA level, sedentary behaviors, physical self-perception, and activity preferences were evaluated at baseline (T0) and after the one-month intervention (T1). Grip strength performance and overall completion time of the obstacle course show a significant time effect (p < 0.001) in both groups (no group effect). PA level and physical self-perception did not significantly show time nor group effects. The sedentary behavior score displays a significant “time × group” interaction effect (p = 0.04) with a significant reduction between T0 and T1 in the GT group only (p < 0.001). The explicit liking for sedentary activities shows a significant “time × group” interaction (p = 0.02) with a significant decrease between T0 and T1 in the GT group only (p < 0.001). The explicit wanting for sedentary activities show a significant “time × group” interaction (p = 0.02) with a significant decrease between T0 and T1 in the GT group only (p < 0.001). The short-term, multi-component, behavioral, educational GT intervention had beneficial effects on primary-school-aged children’s sedentary time and implicit preference for physical over sedentary activities.
Adaptive vibration control of a mechanical system with nonlinear damping excited by a tonal disturbance

In this study, an adaptive control system to reduce the tonal vibration of a mechanical system characterized by nonlinear damping is considered. Since the response of the system to a sinusoidal excitation is however mainly sinusoidal, nonlinear controllers are not required for the control of a tone in such a mechanical system. The adaptation and stability of an adaptive control algorithm, however, depends on the accuracy of the plant model. Since the tonal response of the nonlinear system changes with excitation level, conventional adaptive algorithms, with a fix linear model of the plant, can be slow to converge and may not achieve the desired performance. The use of an online observer is proposed, to estimate the describing function model of the plant, which will vary with excitation level. This allows the adaptive control algorithm to converge more quickly than using a fixed plant model, although care has to be taken to ensure that the dynamics of the observer do not interfere with the dynamics of the .
Therapist dishonesty across theoretical orientations

ABSTRACT To examine whether and how therapy orientation is associated with psychotherapists’ perceived reasons for, feelings about, and regrets around their own dishonesty in therapy. A sample of 255 psychodynamic (n= 81), cognitive-behavior (n= 92), integrative (n= 64), and humanistic (n= 18) therapists who reported having been “less than completely honest” to a client provided open-text responses regarding this occurrence. A bricoleur approach was used to identify themes among responses, and Fisher’s exact test analyses were used to compare responses across theoretical orientations. The most frequent reason offered for instances of less than complete honesty was “treatment strategy” (i.e. it was deemed necessary for treatment). The most common feeling reported was discomfort, including anxiety. Most respondents reported that, in retrospect, they would not have handled the situation differently. Therapist orientation was not significantly associated to any pattern of responses to these questions. While therapist dishonesty is perceived as occurring primarily in the service of the client and tends to evoke similar reactions among therapists across theoretical orientations, most therapists report experiencing negative feelings after acting somewhat dishonestly. Training programs should encourage greater discussion about the potential benefits and consequences of therapeutic dishonesty, including instances of therapeutic tact.
Functionalized gold nanorods for molecular optoacoustic imaging

The development of gold nanoparticles for molecular optoacoustic imaging is a very promising area of research and development. Enhancement of optoacoustic imaging for molecular detection of tumors requires the engineering of nanoparticles with geometrical and molecular features that can enhance selective targeting of malignant cells while optimizing the sensitivity of optoacoustic detection. In this article, cylindrical gold nanoparticles (i.e. gold nanorods) were fabricated with a plasmon resonance frequency in the near infra-red region of the spectrum, where deep irradiation of tissue is possible using an Alexandrite laser. Gold nanorods (Au-NRs) were functionalized by covalent attachment of Poly(ethylene glycol) to enhance their biocompatibility. These particles were further functionalized with the aim of targeting breast cancer cells using monoclonal antibodies that binds to Her2/neu receptors, which are over expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells. A custom Laser Optoacoustic Imaging System (LOIS) was designed and employed to image nanoparticle-targeted cancer cells in a phantom and PEGylated Au-NRs that were injected subcutaneously into a nude mouse. The results of our experiments show that functionalized Au-NRs with a plasmon resonance frequency at near infra-red region of the spectrum can be detected and imaged in vivo using laser optoacoustic imaging system.
Neutron-induced transmutation effects in W and W-alloys in a fusion environment

W and W-alloys are among the primary candidate materials for plasma-facing components in the design of fusion reactors, particularly in high-heat-flux regions such as the divertor. Under neutron irradiation W undergoes transmutation to its near-neighbours in the periodic table. Additionally He and H are particles emitted from certain neutron-induced reactions, and this is particularly significant in fusion research since the presence of helium in a material can cause both swelling and a strong increase in brittleness. This paper presents the results of inventory burn-up calculations on pure W and gives quantitative estimates for He production rates in both a fusion-reactor environment and under conditions expected in the ITER experimental device. Transmutation reactions in possible alloying elements (Re, Ta, Ti and V), which could be used to reduce the brittleness of pure W, are also considered. Additionally, for comparison, the transmutation of other fusion-relevant materials, including Fe and SiC, are presented.
Digital Behavioral Activation Interventions During the Perinatal Period: Scoping Review

Background Pregnancy is a complex period that implies many biopsychosocial changes, and the way women adapt to these changes impacts their well-being and the chances of developing mental health problems. During the perinatal period, women have expressed a preference for support delivered on the web. In this regard, interventions such as behavioral activation (BA), which are brief and structured psychosocial interventions, seem particularly suited to be delivered through digital solutions. Objective This study aimed to map the literature investigating digital BA interventions deployed during the perinatal period. We paid particular attention to the methodological underpinnings of the studies, the potential impact of BA interventions on symptoms other than depression, and the existence of differences occurring when these interventions were administered during pregnancy versus the postpartum period. Methods A systematic search compliant with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines was conducted considering 5 bibliographic databases; reference lists and key journals were also screened by 2 independent authors following a double-blind approach. Results A total of 7 studies published between 2013 and 2022 were included. In total, 2 studies were protocols for randomized controlled trials, 5 were empirical studies, and 1 was a qualitative study. All studies focused on the postpartum period, except for 1 that focused on the broader perinatal period. Promising effects on depression symptoms were reported but not on other psychosocial symptoms. Low intervention adherence has emerged, whereas the usability associated with the digital means used to deploy interventions was scarcely addressed; moreover, information on the digital platforms used was poorly reported overall. Conclusions Our findings highlight the scarcity and preliminary nature of digital BA interventions deployed during the perinatal period, where the focus seems more on treatment rather than prevention. Moreover, future studies should also consider and address usability and user engagement, given their relevance to intervention efficacy.
Alloy‐scattering dependence of electron mobility in the ternary gallium, indium, and aluminum nitrides

Based on Phillips’ electronegativity theory [Rev. Mod. Phys. 42, 317 (1970)] we have determined the alloy scattering potential for the ternary nitrides, Ga1−xAlxN, In1−xGaxN, and In1−xAlxN, and hence the 300 and 77 K electron mobilities through a variational principle calculation. Alloy scattering is important in In1−xGaxN, and In1−xAlxN, both of which show a significant composition ‘‘bowing’’ in electron drift mobility, even at 300 K. This contribution is not important in Ga1−xAlxN. Acoustic phonon scattering is also significant at 300 K, in contrast to the situation obtained in GaAs‐based ternaries.