Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attosecond-resolved petahertz carrier motion in semi-metallic TiS2

Knowledge about the real-time response of carriers to optical fields in solids is paramount to advance information processing towards optical frequencies or to understand the bottlenecks of light-matter interaction and energy harvesting. Of particular importance are semi-metals and transition metal dichalcogenides due to their small band gap and high carrier mobility. Here, we examine the opto-electronic response of TiS2 to optical excitation by means of attosecond soft x-ray spectroscopy at the L-edges of Ti at 460 eV. Using weak-field infrared single-photon excitation, we examine conditions that avoid excessive excitation, but still attain efficient injection of 0.2% of valence band carriers into the lowest lying conduction band. We demonstrate that the efficient injection and the high- carrier mobility of the conduction band permits leveraging the material to achieve petahertz-speed opto-electronic control of its carriers. Our results are an important step towards understanding the dynamics of carriers and their control under field conditions that are realistic for device implementation in semi-metallic layered materials, thus they may lead to ultrafast and optically controlled field-effect devices and sensors.
Design and Analysis of Femtosecond Laser-Generated Metasurface for Optical Filter Application

This work investigates a Fano filter design based on a nano-hole array, patterned in fused silica using high-energy ultrafast femtosecond laser pulses. After carefully observing the experimental results, the structural profile of the nano-holes is numerically modeled in a 3D finite-difference time-domain-based software platform. The metasurface design consists of conical shaped air holes structured in the substrate, and a later deposited waveguide layer which leaves craters on the surface as the material fills inside the nano-holes. The spectral properties of the device are studied against variations in the structural parameters, such as the depth of the nano-holes, its surface diameter, and the depth of the craters on the surface of the waveguide. The proposed Fano filter device is designed to operate in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range around a telecommunication window of 1550 nm. Multiple narrowband resonances are observed with a linewidth in the range of 1.4 to 24.2 nm and a quality factor of 66.51 to 1090.12. The device shows good spectral tunability over a wide range from 1380 to 1650 nm comprising multiple narrowband resonances and variations in the structural parameters. Since the device can be implemented using a cost-effective and rapid fabrication method, it can be proposed for use in various optical filtering and sensing applications.
Chitosan-Coated Bacterial Cellulose (BC)/Hydrolyzed Collagen Films and Their Ascorbic Acid Loading/Releasing Performance: A Utilization of BC Waste from Kombucha Tea Fermentation

SCOBY bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biological macromolecule (considered as a by-product) that grows at the liquid–air interface during kombucha tea fermentation. In this study, BC:HC (hydrolyzed collagen) blend films coated with 1 wt% chitosan (CS) were loaded with ascorbic acid to study loading/releasing performance. At first, the mechanical properties of the blend films were found to be dependent on HC ratio. After chitosan coating, the coated films were stronger due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction and the miscibility of two matrixes at the interface. The antibacterial activity test according to the AATCC Test Method revealed that chitosan-coated BC/HC films exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against S.aureus growth from the underneath and the above film when compared to BC and BC:HC films. Moreover, chitosan was attractive to ascorbic acid during drug loading. Consequently, its releasing performance was very poor. For BC:HC blend films, ascorbic acid loading/releasing performance was balanced by water swellability, which was controlled using blending formulation and coating. Another advantage of BC films and BC:HC blend films was that they were able to maintain active ascorbic acid for a long period of time, probably due to the presence of plenty of BC hemiacetal reducing ends (protective group).
Bioaccumulation of Organophosphorus (OPs) and Carbamate (CBs) Residues in Cultured Pangas Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) and Health Risk Assessment

In the present study, the presence of organophosphorus (OPs) and carbamates (CBs) residues in the pond water and cultured Pangas catfish (Pangasius pangasius) samples collected from Comilla and Mymensingh areas were detected and assessed for their potential health risks. A total of 100 samples from each category were analysed among which 17% of the pond water samples and 9% of the fish samples were detected contaminated with OP and CB residues. The pond water and fish samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction, and ultrasonic extraction, respectively, and analysed through gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Among the detected OPs, Dursban (chlorpyrifos) and dichlorvos were detected, while among CB pesticides, carbofuran and sevin (Carbaryl) were detected in fish muscle samples. The detected OP and CB residual levels were below than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The risk assessment study indicated no potential health risks. However, the level of compliance should be maintained through proper monitoring and controlling the overuse of pesticides in agricultural fields for public health safety.
Analyzing Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Task Scheduling in a Fog-Based IoT Application

In recent years, the increasing use of the Internet of Things (IoT) has generated excessive amounts of data. It is difficult to manage and control the volume of data used in cloud computing, and since cloud computing has problems with latency, lack of mobility, and location knowledge, it is not suitable for IoT applications such as healthcare or vehicle systems. To overcome these problems, fog computing (FC) has been used; it consists of a set of fog devices (FDs) with heterogeneous and distributed resources that are located between the user layer and the cloud on the edge of the network. An application in FC is divided into several modules. The allocation of processing elements (PEs) to modules is a scheduling problem. In this paper, some heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms are analyzed, and a Hyper-Heuristic Scheduling (HHS) algorithm is presented to find the best allocation with respect to low latency and energy consumption. HHS allocates PEs to modules by low-level heuristics in the training and testing phases of the input workflow. Based on simulation results and comparison of HHS with traditional, heuristic, and meta-heuristic algorithms, the proposed method has improvements in energy consumption, total execution cost, latency, and total execution time.
New vision on form and growth : fingered growth, dendrites, and flames

1. Introduction 2. Surface tension 3. First order phase transition kinetics 4. Chemical reactions 5. Simple forms 6. First instabilities 7. Forms without surface tension 8. Pattern formation and growth rate 9. Stability of a curved form 10. Evolution of forms 11. Stochastic growth forms 12. Towards morphogenesis Author index Subject index
Single-pair Weyl points with the maximum charge number in acoustic crystals

To observe the Weyl phonon (WP) with the maximum charge and to design a realistic material structure containing only single-pair-WPs have long been considered two challenges in the ﬁeld of topology physics. Here we have successfully designed an acoustic crystal to realize the single-pair-WPs with the maximum charge for the ﬁrst time. Our theoretical simulations on acoustic band dispersions demonstrate that protected by the time-reversal symmetry ( T ) and the point group symmetries, a WP with the charge -4 ( C = − 4) and another WP with C = +4 are located at the high-symmetry point Γ and R, respectively, with the absence of any other kinds of WPs. Moreover, the singe-pair-WPs obtained here are designed by the simplest two-band mode, and the related quadruple-helicoid Fermi acrs can be observed clearly in experiments, since they aren’t covered by any bulk bands and hybridized by other kinds of WPs. Our theoretical results provide a reliable acoustic crystal to study the topological properties of the single-pair-WPs with the maximum charge for experimentalists in this ﬁeld.
A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis of the Gas Distribution in Lyman Limit and Damped Lyα Absorption Systems

In this paper we show how to use data on Lyman limit and damped Lyα absorption systems to derive the hydrogen ionization fractions and the distribution of the face-on total gas column density. We consider axially symmetric, randomly oriented absorbers, ionized by an external background radiation field in order to relate the face-on total gas distribution to that of the neutral hydrogen observed along the line of sight. We devise a statistical procedure based on the maximum likelihood criterion, which is able to treat simultaneously data coming from different surveys and statistically recovers the "true" column densities in the presence of large uncertainties: this is especially important for Lyman limit systems that leave an unmeasurable residual flux at wavelengths shorter than the Lyman break. We make use of simulated data to look for possible observational biases and extensively test our procedure. For a large statistical sample of real data in the redshift range 1.75-3.25 (collected from all published surveys) our maximum likelihood procedure gives a power-law slope for the total hydrogen distribution of -2.7. All together Lyman limit systems therefore contain more gas than damped Lyα systems. Analysis of data at other redshifts shows that more observations are needed to reach compelling evidence for a cosmological evolution of the slope of the gas distribution.
HI Intensity Mapping with MeerKAT

We explore the possibility of performing an HI intensity mapping survey with the South African MeerKAT radio telescope, which is a precursor to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We propose to use cross-correlations between the MeerKAT intensity mapping survey and optical galaxy surveys, in order to mitigate systematic effects and produce robust cosmological measurements. Our forecasts show that precise measurements of the HI signal can be made in the near future. These can be used to constrain HI and cosmological parameters across a wide range of redshift.
Microplastic-Induced Oxidative Stress in Metolachlor-Degrading Filamentous Fungus Trichoderma harzianum

While there has been intensive research on the influence of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic organisms and humans, their effect on microorganisms is relatively little-known. The present study describes the response of the Trichoderma harzianum strain to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microparticles. MPs, either separately or with metolachlor (MET), were added to the cultures. Initially, MP was not found to have a negative effect on fungal growth and MET degradation. After 72 h of cultivation, the content of fungal biomass in samples with MPs was almost three times higher than that in the cultures without MPs. Additionally, a 75% degradation of the initial MET was observed. However, due to the qualitative and quantitative changes in individual classes of phospholipids, cell membrane permeability was increased. Additionally, MPs induced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was also increased in response to MPs. Despite these defense mechanisms, there was enhanced lipid peroxidation in the cultures containing the LDPE microparticles. The results of the study may fill the knowledge gap on the influence of MPs on filamentous fungi. The findings will be helpful in future research on the biodegradation of contaminants coexisting with MPs in soil.
Endometriosis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Endometriosis is defined as ectopic endometrial tissues dispersed outside the endometrium. This can cause disruption in hormonal and immunological processes, which may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Worsening of endometriosis symptoms may occur as a result of this infection. The aim of our review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in endometriosis patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched, using the keywords: (endometriosis) AND (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2). Forest plots and pooled estimates were created using the Open Meta Analyst software. After screening 474 articles, 19 studies met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, and 15 studies were included in the meta-analyses. A total of 17,799 patients were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in endometriosis patients was 7.5%. Pooled estimates for the health impacts were 47.2% for decreased access to medical care, 49.3% increase in dysmenorrhea, 75% increase in anxiety, 59.4% increase in depression, and 68.9% increase in fatigue. Endometriosis patients were undeniably impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the worsening of symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, anxiety, depression, and fatigue.
In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Benzothiazole-Isothioureas Derivatives as a Multitarget Compound for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid beta (Aβ1-42) aggregation and avoiding the oxidative stress could prevent the progression of AD. Benzothiazole groups have shown neuroprotective activity whereas isothioureas groups act as AChE inhibitors and antioxidants. Therefore, 22 benzothiazole-isothiourea derivatives (3a–v) were evaluated by docking simulations as inhibitors of AChE and Aβ1-42 aggregation. In silico studies showed that 3f, 3r and 3t had a delta G (ΔG) value better than curcumin and galantamine on Aβ1-42 and AChE, respectively. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetics predictions showed that only 3t does not violate Lipinski’s rule of five, though it has moderated cytotoxicity activity. Then, 3f, 3r and 3t were synthetized and chemically characterized for their in vitro evaluation including their antioxidant activity and their cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. 3r was able to inhibit AChE, avoid Aβ1-42 aggregation and exhibit antioxidant activity; nevertheless, it showed cytotoxic against PC12 cells. Compound 3t showed the best anti-Aβ1-42 aggregation and inhibitory AChE activity and, despite that predictor, showed that it could be cytotoxic; in vitro with PC12 cell was negative. Therefore, 3t could be employed as a scaffold to develop new molecules with multitarget activity for AD and, due to physicochemical and pharmacokinetics predictions, it could be administered in vivo using liposomes due to is not able to cross the BBB.
MusculoSkeletal Modeling Using Kinect Data For Telerehabilitation

Balance, gait and postural control are some of the key factors in determining the overall stability of an individual. Several highend and costly solutions exist to perform movement analysis in clinical settings. OpenSim is a tool which uses 39 marker positions, obtained from such highend solutions like VICON or equivalent multicamera setup, for the analysis of inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics. However, an affordable solution for deriving musculoskeletal joint kinematics parameters using a low cost Kinect device is of immense importance. In this paper, we initially study the feasibility of using OpenSim tool on 20 joint locations of human being, obtained from Kinect data. Next, we analyze the various joint forces and torques experienced during a Single Limb Stance (SLS) exercise performed by healthy subjects in normal, overweight and obese categories. Results indicate that a subset of parameters related to forces and torque in hip, lumber and pelvis are the most important ones that contribute significantly in maintaining static balance in SLS. Statistical analysis demonstrates that the pelvis list and tilt moments are the key biomarkers for maintaining the statibility in SLS, thus leading to a possibility of personalizing the therapy in tele-rehabilitation.
Biosensors Based on Acetylcholinesterase Immobilized on Clay–Gold Nanocomposites for the Discrimination of Chlorpyrifos and Carbaryl

This work aims at evaluating a utilization of diverse clay mineral/gold nanoparticles/acetylcholinesterase (clay/AuNPs/AChE) biosensors by using principal component analysis (PCA) for the discrimination of pesticide types and their concentration levels both in the synthetic and real samples. Applications of simple and low-cost clay/AuNP composites of different characteristics as modified-electrode materials are highlighted. Four types of clay minerals, namely, platelike kaolinite (Kaol: 1:1 aluminum phyllosilicate), globular montmorillonite (Mt: 2:1 aluminum phyllosilicate), globular bentonite (Bent: 2:1 aluminum phyllosilicate), and fibrous sepiolite (Sep: 2:1 inverted ribbons of magnesium phyllosilicate), were selected as the base materials. Due to the distinct characteristics of the selected clay, the derived clay/AuNP composites resulted in different physical morphologies, AuNP sizes and loadings, matrix hydrophobicity, and active AChE loading per electrode. These, in turn, caused divergent electrochemical responses for the pesticide determination; hence, no other enzymes apart from AChE were necessary for the fabrication of distinct biosensors. Physical and chemical characterizations of clay/AuNPs were conducted using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical information was recorded by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques. The enzyme inhibition results obtained from the pesticides were treated and used as input data to obtain PCA results. The four fabricated clay/AuNPs/AChE biosensors were able to discriminate chlorpyrifos and carbaryl and their concentration levels for synthetic pesticides and real samples. It was disclosed that a high enzyme inhibition and a high hydrophobic modified-electrode material affect a highly sensitive pesticide biosensor. The hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of the modified-electrode material plays a major role in discriminating the pesticide types and their concentration levels by the proposed single-enzyme sensor system. The PCA results illustrated that PC2 described the different types of pesticides, and PC1 showed the level of pesticide concentration with high first two principal components. The mixed pesticides could be identified at an especially low total concentration of 0.5 ng/mL in real samples.
Update on the GRB universal scaling EX,iso–Eγ,iso–Epk with 10 years of Swift data

From a comprehensive statistical analysis of $Swift$ X-ray light-curves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) collected from December 2004 to the end of 2010, we found a three-parameter correlation between the isotropic energy emitted in the rest frame 1-10$^4$ keV energy band during the prompt emission (E$_{\rm{\gamma,iso}}$), the rest frame peak of the prompt emission energy spectrum (E$_{\rm{pk}}$), and the X-ray energy emitted in the rest frame 0.3-30 keV observed energy band (E$_{\rm{X,iso}}$), computed excluding the contribution of the flares. In this paper, we update this correlation with the data collected until June 2014, expanding the sample size with $\sim$35% more objects, where the number of short GRBs doubled. With this larger sample we confirm the existence of a universal correlation that connects the prompt and afterglow properties of long and short GRBs. We show that this correlation does not depend on the X-ray light-curve morphology and that further analysis is necessary to firmly exclude possible biases derived by redshift measurements. In addition we discuss about the behavior of the peculiar objects as ultra-long GRBs and we propose the existence of an intermediate group between long and short GRBs. Interestingly, two GRBs with uncertain classification fall into this category. Finally, we discuss the physics underlying this correlation, in the contest of the efficiency of conversion of the prompt $\gamma$-ray emission energy into the kinetic energy of the afterglow, the photosferic model, and the cannonball model.
A Negative Body Image among Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Cancer Survivors: Results from the Population-Based SURVAYA Study

Simple Summary Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors diagnosed with cancer between ages 18–39 years often experience negative body changes, such as scars, amputation, hair loss, disfigurement, body weight changes, skin buns, and physical movement limitations. A negative body image could have negative implications for the self-esteem, self-identity, and social relationships of AYAs. Despite the possible long-term effects of cancer on body image, within the AYA literature, limited studies focus on AYA cancer survivors in a quantitative way. Therefore, the aim of our population-based cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence, and association of a negative body image with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, among AYA survivors 5–20 years after diagnosis. Raising awareness and integrating supportive care for those who experience a negative body image into standard AYA survivorship care is warranted. Future longitudinal research could help to identify when and how this support for AYA survivors can be best utilized. Abstract Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors (18–39 years at diagnosis) often experience negative body changes such as scars, amputation, and disfigurement. Understanding which factors influence body image among AYA survivors can improve age-specific care in the future. Therefore, we aim to examine the prevalence, and association of a negative body image with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors, among AYA cancer survivors (5–20 years after diagnosis). A population-based cross-sectional cohort study was conducted among AYA survivors (5–20 years after diagnosis) registered within the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) (SURVAYA-study). Body image was examined via the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-SURV100. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. Among 3735 AYA survivors who responded, 14.5% (range: 2.6–44.2%), experienced a negative body image. Specifically, AYAs who are female, have a higher Body Mass Index (BMI) or tumor stage, diagnosed with breast cancer, cancer of the female genitalia, or germ cell tumors, treated with chemotherapy, using more maladaptive coping strategies, feeling sexually unattractive, and having lower scores of health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), were more likely to experience a negative body image. Raising awareness and integrating supportive care for those who experience a negative body image into standard AYA survivorship care is warranted. Future research could help to identify when and how this support for AYA survivors can be best utilized.
Survival in the replicator model: Dynamics and statistics

We study the multi-species replicator model with linear fitness and random fitness matrices of various classes. By means of numerical resolution of the replicator equations, we determine the survival probability of a species in terms of its average interaction with the rest of the system. The role of the interaction pattern of the ecosystem in defining survival and extinction probabilities is emphasized.