Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase, a versatile 'master' dipeptidase from monkey small intestine.

1. A highly active and electrophoretically homogeneous dipeptidase was purified from the soluble extracts of monkey small-intestinal mucosa. 2. By gel-filtration studies the molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 107000. It is composed of two identical, subunits of molecular weight 54000. 3. A paper-chromatographic method of dipeptidase assay was developed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered in the generally used spectrophotometric procedure. By using this method, the K(m) and k(0) values of a few substrates were determined. 4. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was investigated in great detail with substrates of a wide range of possible structural types. The enzyme hydrolyses a very large proportion of the range of dipeptides tested. This enzyme, which exhibits such a wide range of action, has been termed the ;master' dipeptidase of the intestine. Glycylglycine, glycyl-l-proline, glycyl-l-histidine, l-prolylglycine and some of the arginine- and aspartic acid-containing dipeptides were not substrates and are possibly hydrolysed by other peptidases. These results therefore suggest that in the intestine the number of dipeptidases is rather limited. 5. In the light of these findings, the implications on the role of dipeptidases in intestinal peptide transport are discussed.
D-STAG : un formalisme d’analyse automatique de discours fondé sur les TAG synchrones [D-STAG : a discourse analysis formalism based on synchronous TAGs]

We propose D-STAG, a new formalism for the automatic analysis of the discourse structure of texts. The analyses computed by D-STAG are hierarchical discourse structures annotated with discourse relations, that are compatible with discourse structures computed in SDRT. The discourse analysis extends the sententiall analysis, without modifying it, which makes conceivable the realization of a discourse analyzer.
KORS: Keyword-aware Optimal Route Search System

We present the Keyword-aware Optimal Route Search System (KORS), which efficiently answers the KOR queries. A KOR query is to find a route such that it covers a set of user-specified keywords, a specified budget constraint is satisfied, and an objective score of the route is optimized. Consider a tourist who wants to spend a day exploring a city. The user may issue the following KOR query: “find the most popular route such that it passes by shopping mall, restaurant, and pub, and the travel time to and from her hotel is within 4 hours. ” KORS provides browser-based interfaces for desktop and laptop computers and provides a client application for mobile devices as well. The interfaces and the client enable users to formulate queries and view the query results on a map. Queries are then sent to the server for processing by the HTTP post operation. Since answering a KOR query is NP-hard, we devise two approximation algorithms with provable performance bounds and one greedy algorithm to process the KOR queries in our KORS prototype. We use two real-world datasets to demonstrate the functionality and performance of this system.
Powder Metallurgy Aluminum Alloys: Structure and Porosity

The production of aluminum alloys through powder metallurgy (PM) processes allows for the manufacture of net- or near-net-shape components in a cost-effective and sustainable manner. The high reactivity of aluminum metal, however, complicates PM processing, and special attention must be given to certain steps during production, particularly sintering. PM processing conditions strongly affect the structure and porosity of aluminum PM alloys, which ultimately determine their material properties and performance. In this article, the fundamental aspects of the commercial production of aluminum PM alloys are presented, along with the effects of production conditions on the structure and porosity of aluminum PM alloys. The properties and performance of aluminum PM alloys are then analyzed and interpreted with respect to their structure and porosity.
A Praxis of Contextualized Controversy

In the age of the Internet, why go to an art museum? This is not an idle question. It is one display institutions must fundamentally grapple with if they hope to survive. According to the National Endowment for the Arts’s 2015 Research Report, “A Decade of Arts Engagement,” the percentage of American adults who visited an art museum or gallery at least once a year dropped more than 5 percent in the last decade, from 26.5 percent of the population in 2002 to 21 percent in 2012 (in fact, the sole group to see an overall increase in museum attendance in this period was those over the age of 75). The report is quick to point out that this does not signal an overall drop in interest in the arts, noting that in 2012 45 percent of Americans “reported consuming arts broadcasts or recordings” via the Internet. It is important to note that that number doesn’t include people looking at individual works of art, meaning that the number of Americans viewing visual art online is almost certainly higher. This statistic was unfortunately not tracked in 2002, but it is fairly safe to say it has increased over the last decade, and will only continue to do so until climate change destroys the planet (and with it, the Internet). The information we can potentially view online is nearly limitless, and we (mostly) direct our own experience of it, as though the Encyclopedia Britannica had been rewritten as a Choose Your Own Adventure. It is ironic that this untrammeled freedom has a tendency to make the information we actually consume more narrow and partisan, as we seek out or have shared with us only those points of view that already conform with our own—the infamous “echo chamber” effect. Although this is troubling in general, for queer artists who are looking to be taken seriously by mainstream institutions, this electronic ghet-
Suppression of Long Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase 3 Decreases Hepatic de Novo Fatty Acid Synthesis through Decreased Transcriptional Activity*

Long chain acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) activate fatty acids to acyl-CoAs in the initial step of fatty acid metabolism. Numerous isoforms of ACSL and FATP exist with different tissue distribution patterns, intracellular locations, and substrate preferences, suggesting that each isoform has distinct functions in channeling fatty acids into different metabolic pathways. Because fatty acids, acyl-CoAs, and downstream lipid metabolites regulate various transcription factors that control hepatic energy metabolism, we hypothesized that ACSL or FATP isoforms differentially regulate hepatic gene expression. Using small interference RNA (siRNA), we knocked down each liver-specific ACSL and FATP isoform in rat primary hepatocyte cultures and subsequently analyzed reporter gene activity of numerous transcription factors and performed quantitative mRNA analysis of their target genes. Compared with control cells, which were transfected with control siRNA, knockdown of acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3) significantly decreased reporter gene activity of several lipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator activation receptor-γ, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and liver X receptor-α and the expression of their target genes. These findings were further supported by metabolic labeling studies that showed [1-14C]acetate incorporation into lipid extracts was decreased in cells treated with ACSL3 siRNAs and that ACSL3 expression is up-regulated in ob/ob mice and mice fed a high sucrose diet. ACSL3 knockdown decreased total acyl-CoA synthetase activity without substantially altering the expression of other ACSL isoforms. In summary, these results identify a novel role for ACSL3 in mediating transcriptional control of hepatic lipogenesis.
Analysis of Hypertext Markup Isolation Techniques for XSS Prevention

Modern websites and web applications commonly integrate third-party and user-generated content to enrich their users’ experience. Developers of these applications are in need of a simple way to limit the capabilities of this less trusted, outsourced content and thereby protect their users from cross-site scripting attacks. We summarize several recent proposals that enable developers to isolate untrusted markup, and could be used to define constraint environments that are enforceable by web browsers. We conduct a comparative analysis of these proposals highlighting security, legacy browser compatibility and several other important qualities.
Advanced Imaging Techniques in the Knee: Benefits and Limitations of New Rapid Acquisition Strategies for Routine Knee MRI.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review current and emerging techniques and strategies that can be used to accelerate acquisition times in routine knee MRI. CONCLUSION Specific techniques reviewed include 3D fast spin-echo imaging as well as new approaches to rapid image acquisition techniques (parallel imaging, compressed sensing, simultaneous multislice, and neural network reconstruction techniques) and their potential application to knee MRI.
Flagellum mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardii.

Summary: Mutants blocked in different stages of flagellar development were isolated and examined by light and electron microscopy. Flagellum-less mutants had normal basal bodies but lacked the flagellar shaft and showed abnormalities in the transitional region. Stumpy mutants had very short flagellar shafts in which electrondense material, sometimes arranged in sheet-like arrays, accumulated in the space between the outer tubules and the distended flagellar membrane. Short-flagellum mutants also showed abnormalities in the flagellar shaft; abnormally spaced radial spokes were seen in negatively stained frayed flagella of one of these mutants. The flagellum lengths and flagellar regeneration characteristics of two long-flagellum mutants with defective length control were determined; length was highly variable with some abnormally long flagella, and regeneration was slow and asynchronous.
Electroluminescence efficiency of blue InGaN/GaN quantum-well diodes with and without an n-InGaN electron reservoir layer

The temperature dependence of the electroluminescence (EL) spectral intensity has been investigated in detail between T=20 and 300K at various injection current levels for a set of two blue InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without an additional n-doped In0.18Ga0. 82N electron reservoir layer (ERL). The radiative recombination efficiency of the main blue emission band (∼480nm) is found to be significantly improved at all temperature regions and current levels when the additional ERL is introduced. For high injection currents If, i.e., large forward bias voltages Vf, a quenching of the EL intensity is observed for T<100K for both LED structures, accompanying appearance of short-wavelength satellite emissions around 380–430nm. Furthermore, the low-temperature intensity reduction of the main EL band is stronger for the LED without the ERL than with the ERL. For low If, i.e., small Vf, however, no quenching of the EL intensity is observed for both LEDs even below 100K .
Generic and Homophobic Bullying in School Context

Aim: Given the little scientific information about homophobic bullying in Portugal, the purpose of this study was to assess its prevalence, in comparison to generic bullying, from the perspective of the victims; to compare differences related to gender and to understand the association between homophobic bullying and feelings of unhappiness and humiliation and victim’s reporting. Method: A total of 171 (7th grade), 160 (8th) and 156 (9th) students (52.0% female/48.0% male), between 11 and 17 years old, completed a self-report questionnaire in digital format, assessing: gender, victimization, feelings of unhappiness and humiliation and victim’s reporting. Results: Of these students 33.0% were victims of bullying, mostly in the 8th grade. Boys and girls were equally likely to be victims. On the other hand, homophobic bullying situations in school increased from the 7th to the 9th grade and male students were more frequently bullied than females, showing statistically significant differences in the 9th grade. The more frequent the homophobic bullying episodes became, the greater the feelings of unhappiness and humiliation and more frequent the reporting. Conclusion: These findings strengthen the need to promote actions and programs aiming at prevention in schools, from a systemic perspective, emphasizing the intervention of observers of bullying episodes.
Agent Support for Human Team Collaboration in Uncertain Environments

Working collaboratively in a team and formulating a plan of action to achieve a particular goal is often a complex task for humans, especially when the decision-making process is performed in time-stressed situations, in which response teams are assembled in an ad-hoc fashion and operate in dynamic and uncertain environments. We are conducting research towards the development of software agents that will track the activities of human teams and monitor the plan execution in order to offer advice that would enable the humans to avoid problems, resolve them or recognise unexpected options, and in general maintain the synchronization among the different plan components.
New evidence for large negative xylem pressures and their measurement by the pressure chamber method

Pressure probe measurements have been interpreted as showing that xylem pressures below c. -0.4 MPa do not exist and that pressure chamber measurements of lower negative pressures are invalid. We present new evidence supporting the pressure chamber technique and the existence of xylem pressures well below -0.4 MPa. We deduced xylem pressures in water-stressed stem xylem from the following experiment : (1) loss of hydraulic conductivity in hydrated stem xylem (xylem pressure = atmospheric pressure) was induced by forcing compressed air into intact xylem conduits ; (2) loss of hydraulic conductivity from cavitation and embolism in dehydrating stems was measured, and (3) the xylem pressure in dehydrated stems was deduced as being equal and opposite to the air pressure causing the same loss of hydraulic conductivity in hydrated stems. Pressures determined in this way are only valid if cavitation was caused by air entering the xylem conduits (air-seeding). Deduced xylem pressure showed a one-to-one correspondence with pressure chamber measurements for 12 species (woody angiosperms and gymnosperms) ; data extended to c. -10 MPa. The same correspondence was obtained under field conditions in Betula occidentalis Hook. , where pressure differences between air- and water-filled conduits were induced by a combination of in situ xylem water pressure and applied positive air pressure. It is difficult to explain these results if xylem pressures were above -0.4 MPa, if the pressure chamber was inaccurate, and if cavitation occurred by some mechanism other than air-seeding. A probable reason why the pressure probe does not register large negative pressures is that, just as cavitation within the probe limits its calibration to pressures above c. -0.5 MPa, cavitation limits its measurement range in situ.
Accurate optimal doppler centroid estimation for SAR data

The paper addresses the problem of finding an optimal estimation of the Doppler centroid for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The original idea is to exploit a bandwidth much wider than the PRF, say 3–5 times, by selecting non-aliased point targets. Non-aliased band of natural and isolated targets with close-to-ideal features is evidenced by spotlight processing of stripmap acquisitions and accurate Doppler centroid is estimated by means of a joint Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimator. Lower bound of the estimate is determined and results on both simulated and real X-band SAR data are shown.
Exposure to Pro-eating Disorder Websites and Attitudes Towards Treatment

This study investigated whether variables associated with greater levels of involvement with pro-eating disorder Websites were related to more positive attitudes towards eating disorders and more negative attitudes towards their treatment. Participants were 149 individuals who identified themselves on pro-eating disorder Websites’ “buddies” pages who completed a self-report questionnaire distributed via the Internet. The data was analyzed to determine whether the independent variables significantly predicted participants’ BMI (Body Mass Index) and/or their responses to four attitude questions. The amount of time spent on pro-eating disorder Websites and whether or not participants were members of these Websites significantly predicted participants’ attitudes on three out of four questions related to eating disordered behavior and treatment of eating disorders. The results imply that involvement with pro-eating disorder Websites is significantly related to more positive attitudes towards eating disordered behavior and more negative attitudes towards treatment.
VLSI high level synthesis of fast exact least mean square algorithms based on fast FIR filters

This paper relates experiences of algorithmic transformations in High Level Synthesis, in the area of acoustic echo cancellation. The processing and memory units are automatically designed for various equivalent LMS algorithms, in the FIR case, with important computational load. The results obtained with different filter lengths, give an accurate prototyping of new fast versions of the LMS algorithm. It also show that a theoretical arithmetic reduction must be correlated to the associated increase of memory requirements.
PULMONARY CYTOPLASMIC HYALIN RESEMBLING MALLORY'S ALCOHOLIC HYALIN IN THE LIVER

Sixty‐three consecutive autopsy cases of interstitial fibrosis of the lung, 6 cases of organizing pneumonia, 14 of pneumocystis pneumonia, and 20 of acute bacterial pneumonia complicating as a terminal illness listed in our Department of Pathology during a period from 1978 to 1983 were surveyed for Mallory body‐like cytoplasmic hyalins in the alveolar cells. We found the hyalins in 10 of 63 cases (15.9%) with interstitial fibrosis of the lung and one of 6 cases with organizing pneumonia. Seven of the former 10 had an associated malignancy; 3 esophageal cancers, 2 lung cancers, and 2 leukemias. Five of the seven patients received an irradiation for treatment of their malignancies, subsequently developed interstitial fibrosis of the lung. Among the remaining 3 of the 10, one showed diffuse interstitial fibrosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis and two had an idiopathic type of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. There was only one case in which the pulmonary hyalins were found in the absence of extensive interstitial fibrosis within small organizing foci of peribronchial and subpleural location. Pulmonary hyalins showed the same conventional staining properties and ultrastructural features as Mallory's alcoholic hyalins found in the liver, but did not reveal a simultaneous association with the hepatic hyalins. Pulmonary hyalins frequently stained positively with monoclonal anti‐cytokeratin antibodies, more strongly at their periphery. Pulmonary hyalins were considered to be a non‐specific reaction of alveolar cells to injuries, mostly in association with the pulmonary fibrosis of any etiology but not the hepatic hyalins.
Stories from Students in Their First Semester of Distance Learning

Online and distance learning is becoming increasingly common. Some would say it has quickly become the preferred or 'new normal' mode of study throughout the world. However, surprisingly little is known about what actually happens to first year distance students once they have enrolled in tertiary institutions; what motivates them and how they actually experience the transition to formal study by distance. This gap in the literature presents a challenge for distance education providers who worldwide are coming under increasing scrutiny in light of poor retention, progression and completion rates. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the current study was to gather insights and seek a deeper understanding from first-time distance learners about the nature of their experiences. The study was framed around Design-based Research involving a mixed method approach over three phases. This paper focuses on the third phase, which was the major component of the study. The lived experiences of 20 first-time distance learners were gathered, in their own words, using weekly video diaries for data collection. Over 22 hours of video data was transcribed and thematically analysed, from which five themes have been reported. The discussion reflects on the ways that video diaries have provided a unique insight around the complexities of distance learning — as distinct from campus-based learning. The paper concludes that the new digital learning environment made possible by the Internet offers a number of exciting possibilities for distance learners; however, more needs to be done by institutions to change the ‘lone wolf’ preconception of distance education and to avoid the ‘goulash approach’ to supporting distance learners. The lives of first-time distance learners are not black and white; they are complex shades of grey and this needs to be taken in to account when designing appropriate learning experiences and supports to ensure student success.
Multicast Scheduling and Resource Allocation Algorithms for OFDMA-Based Systems: A Survey

Multicasting is emerging as an enabling technology for multimedia transmissions over wireless networks to support several groups of users with flexible quality of service (QoS) requirements. Although multicast has huge potential to push the limits of next generation communication systems; it is however one of the most challenging issues currently being addressed. In this survey, we explain multicast group formation and various forms of group rate determination approaches. We also provide a systematic review of recent channel-aware multicast scheduling and resource allocation (MSRA) techniques proposed for downlink multicast services in OFDMA based systems. We study these enabling algorithms, evaluate their core characteristics, limitations and classify them using multidimensional matrix. We cohesively review the algorithms in terms of their throughput maximization, fairness considerations, performance complexities, multi-antenna support, optimality and simplifying assumptions. We discuss existing standards employing multicasting and further highlight some potential research opportunities in multicast systems.
The relationship between bilingual experience and the development of morphological and morpho-syntactic awareness: a cross-linguistic study of classroom discourse

This study aims to examine the relationship between bilingual experience and children's development of morphological and morpho-syntactic awareness. To capture both universal and language-specific bilingual effects, the study included four groups of participants: English-speaking children from a general education programme, Spanish-speaking and English-speaking children from a Spanish–English dual-language programme, and Chinese-speaking children from a Chinese–English dual-language programme. Findings from the analyses of teacher talk and measures of morphological and morpho-syntactic awareness show that certain aspects of morphological awareness, such as the ability to decipher derived words, were likely to be affected by both instruction and cross-language transfer, while others, such as cognate awareness, appeared to develop through mere exposure to two languages despite the absence of explicit instruction. Furthermore, morpho-syntactic awareness was mostly enhanced through greater emphasis on explicit instruction of morpho-syntactic knowledge; such effect was moderated by the syntactic complexity of teacher talk. These findings suggest that instead of typological distances of the languages, a constellation of factors uniquely characterises bilingual classroom experiences. The linguistic complexity of teacher talk and instructional emphasis may influence children's development of morphological and morpho-syntactic awareness.