Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To assess the long term effects of multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for patients with chronic low back pain. Design Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources Electronic searches of Cochrane Back Review Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases up to February 2014, supplemented by hand searching of reference lists and forward citation tracking of included trials. Study selection criteria Trials published in full; participants with low back pain for more than three months; multidisciplinary rehabilitation involved a physical component and one or both of a psychological component or a social or work targeted component; multidisciplinary rehabilitation was delivered by healthcare professionals from at least two different professional backgrounds; multidisciplinary rehabilitation was compared with a non- multidisciplinary intervention. Results Forty one trials included a total of 6858 participants with a mean duration of pain of more than one year who often had failed previous treatment. Sixteen trials provided moderate quality evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation decreased pain (standardised mean difference 0.21, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.37; equivalent to 0.5 points in a 10 point pain scale) and disability (0.23, 0.06 to 0.40; equivalent to 1.5 points in a 24 point Roland-Morris index) compared with usual care. Nineteen trials provided low quality evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation decreased pain (standardised mean difference 0.51, −0.01 to 1.04) and disability (0.68, 0.16 to 1.19) compared with physical treatments, but significant statistical heterogeneity across trials was present. Eight trials provided moderate quality evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation improves the odds of being at work one year after intervention (odds ratio 1.87, 95% confidence interval 1.39 to 2.53) compared with physical treatments. Seven trials provided moderate quality evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation does not improve the odds of being at work (odds ratio 1.04, 0.73 to 1.47) compared with usual care. Two trials that compared multidisciplinary rehabilitation with surgery found little difference in outcomes and an increased risk of adverse events with surgery. Conclusions Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation interventions were more effective than usual care (moderate quality evidence) and physical treatments (low quality evidence) in decreasing pain and disability in people with chronic low back pain. For work outcomes, multidisciplinary rehabilitation seems to be more effective than physical treatment but not more effective than usual care.
Least absolute deviation estimation for all-pass time series models

An autoregressive moving average model in which all of the roots of the autoregressive polynomial are reciprocals of roots of the moving average polynomial and vice versa is called an all-pass time series model. All-pass models generate uncorrelated (white noise) time series, but these series are not independent in the non-Gaussian case. An approximation to the likelihood of the model in the case of Laplacian (two-sided exponential) noise yields a modified absolute deviations criterion, which can be used even if the underlying noise is not Laplacian. Asymptotic normality for least absolute deviation estimators of the model parameters is established under general conditions. Behavior of the estimators in finite samples is studied via simulation. The methodology is applied to exchange rate returns to show that linear all-pass models can mimic nonlinear behavior, and is applied to stock market volume data to illustrate a two-step procedure for fitting noncausal autoregressions.
Analysis of Backward Congestion Notification with Delay for Enhanced Ethernet Networks

At present, companies and standards organizations are enhancing Ethernet as the unified switch fabric for all of the TCP/IP traffic, the storage traffic and the high performance computing traffic in data centers. Backward congestion notification (BCN) is the basic mechanism for the end-to-end congestion management enhancement of Ethernet. To fulfill the special requirements of the unified switch fabric, i.e., losslessness and low transmission delay, BCN should hold the buffer occupancy around a target point tightly. Thus, the stability of the control loop and the buffer size are critical to BCN. Currently, the impacts of delay on the performance of BCN are unidentified. When the speed of Ethernet increases to 40 Gbps or 100 Gbps in the near future, the number of on-the-fly packets becomes the same order with the buffer size of switch. Accordingly, the impacts of delay will become significant. In this paper, we analyze BCN, paying special attention on the delay. We model the BCN system with a set of segmented delayed differential equations, and then deduce sufficient condition for the uniformly asymptotic stability of BCN. Subsequently, the bounds of buffer occupancy are estimated, which provides direct guidelines on setting buffer size. Finally, numerical analysis and experiments on the NetFPGA platform verify our theoretical analysis.
A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolutionof astrophysical objects

This paper outlines astrophysical issues related to the long-term fate of the universe. The authors consider the evolution of planets, stars, stellar populations, galaxies, and the universe itself over time scales that greatly exceed the current age of the universe. Their discussion starts with new stellar evolution calculations which follow the future evolution of the low-mass (M-type) stars that dominate the stellar mass function. They derive scaling relations that describe how the range of stellar masses and lifetimes depends on forthcoming increases in metallicity. They then proceed to determine the ultimate mass distribution of stellar remnants, i.e., the neutron stars, white dwarfs, and brown dwarfs remaining at the end of stellar evolution; this aggregate of remnants defines the 'final stellar mass function. ' At times exceeding \ensuremath{\sim}1--10 trillion years, the supply of interstellar gas will be exhausted, yet star formation will continue at a highly attenuated level via collisions between brown dwarfs. This process tails off as the galaxy gradually depletes its stars by ejecting the majority and driving a minority toward eventual accretion onto massive black holes. As the galaxy disperses, stellar remnants provide a mechanism for converting the halo dark matter into radiative energy. Posited weakly interacting massive particles are accreted by white dwarfs, where they subsequently annihilate with each other. Thermalization of the decay products keeps the old white dwarfs much warmer than they would otherwise be. After accounting for the destruction of the galaxy, the authors consider the fate of the expelled degenerate objects (planets, white dwarfs, and neutron stars) within the explicit assumption that proton decay is a viable process. The evolution and eventual sublimation of these objects is dictated by the decay of their constituent nucleons, and this evolutionary scenario is developed in some detail. After white dwarfs and neutron stars have disappeared, galactic black holes slowly lose their mass as they emit Hawking radiation. This review finishes with an evaluation of cosmological issues that arise in connection with the long-term evolution of the universe. Special attention is devoted to the relation between future density fluctuations and the prospects for continued large-scale expansion. The authors compute the evolution of the background radiation fields of the universe. After several trillion years, the current cosmic microwave background will have redshifted into insignificance; the dominant contribution to the radiation background will arise from other sources, including stars, dark-matter annihilation, proton decay, and black holes. Finally, the authors consider the dramatic possible effects of a nonzero vacuum energy density.
Least-Squares Log-Density Gradient Clustering for Riemannian Manifolds

Mean shift is a mode-seeking clustering algorithm that has been successfully used in a wide range of applications such as image segmentation and object tracking. To further improve the clustering performance, mean shift has been extended to various directions, including generalization to handle data on Riemannian manifolds and extension to directly estimating the log-density gradient without density estimation. In this paper, we combine these ideas and propose a novel mode-seeking algorithm for Riemannian manifolds with direct log-density gradient estimation. Although the idea of combining the two extensions is rather straightforward, directly estimating the log-density gradient on Riemannian manifolds is mathematically challenging. We will provide a mathematically sound algorithm and demonstrate its usefulness through experiments.
DIRSAC: A directed sampling and consensus approach to quasi-degenerate data fitting

In this paper we propose a new data fitting method which, similar to RANSAC, fits data to a model using sample and consensus. The application of interest is fitting 3D point clouds to a prior geometric model. Where the RANSAC process uses random samples of points in the fitting trials, we propose a novel method which directs the sampling by ordering the points according to their contribution to the solution's constraints. This is particularly important when the data is quasi-degenerate. In this case, the standard RANSAC algorithm often fails to find the correct solution. Our approach selects points based on a Mutual Information criterion, which allows us to avoid redundant points that result in degenerate sample sets. We demonstrate our approach on simulated and real data and show that in the case of quasi-degenerate data, the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms RANSAC.
Teamworking in its Context(s): Antecedents, Nature and Dimensions

This introductory chapter looks at the antecedents, the nature and the various dimensions of'teamworking'. Teamworking is drawing on a variety of traditions, which has resulted in a number of different types and designs of teams. It is necessary to keep all dimensions in mind in order to reach a historically informed judgement of the current forms of teamworking and their shortcomings. Variants of teams need to be analysed by employing a multidimensional framework - teamworking will be more appropriate in some settings than in others. This caution, which had been an aspect of sociotechnical systems thinking from its inception, is shared by all the papers selected for this special issue.
Design and Performance Analysis of a NI-Type HTS Field Magnet for Superconducting Rotating Machines

The no-insulation-type (NI-type) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet is considered a new and innovative concept for superconducting rotating machines, and it is possible to make an electrically and thermally robust magnet. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the NI-type HTS field magnet performance for superconducting rotating machines. First, specification data for a superconducting rotating machine were acquired based on electromagnetic analysis. Based on the data, the wire type, coil shape, field magnet, and armature were designed. The detailed structure of the NI-type HTS field magnet was designed using a 3-D CAD program. The performance of the NI-type HTS field magnet was tested under charge-discharge and overcurrent conditions. The NI-type HTS field magnet proposed in this paper operated well. Based on the field magnet data, an NI-type HTS field magnet-based superconducting rotating machine was fabricated. The signal condition and generating power of the fabricated HTS rotating machine were examined.
Association of Survivin Polymorphisms with Tumor Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis

Background The survivin polymorphisms have been shown to confer genetic susceptibility to various tumors, but the results are inconsistent. In order to accomplish a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. Results For rs9904341, a significantly increased tumor risk was found in overall meta-analysis under C/C vs. G/G (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.13–1.74, p = 0.002), dominant (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.01–1.38, p = 0.039) and recessive (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.13–1.58, p = 0.001) genetic models and Asians group. In subgroup analyses of tumor types, we found a significant association between this SNP and an increased risk of gastric, colorectal, bladder and other tumors as well as a decreased risk of hepatocellular cancer. For rs17878467, a significantly decreased tumor risk was identified in overall meta-analysis for allele contrast (T vs. C: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92, p = 0.012), C/T vs. C/C (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42–0.88, p = 0.009) and dominant (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43–0.88, p = 0.007) genetic models and Asians group. For rs2071214, we found a significant association between this SNP and an increased tumor risk in overall meta-analysis under G/G vs. A/A (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.04–2.18, p = 0.029) and recessive (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.07–2.22, p = 0.020) genetic models and Asians group. Besides, there was a significant association of rs8073069 with an increased tumor risk under recessive genetic model (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01–1.84, p = 0.040), while no significant association between rs1042489 and tumor risk was detected. Conclusions The survivin rs9904341 most likely contributed to increased susceptibility to tumor in Asians as well as to gastric, colorectal and bladder cancers. As for rs17878467, the T allele might be a protective factor for tumor, especially in Asians. Moreover, the survivin rs8073069 and rs2071214 seemed to be associated with an increased tumor risk in Asians, while there was no association between the survivin rs1042489 and tumor risk.
Conference on the Pneumococcus: summary and comments.

Since 1980 marks the centenary of the pneumococcus, Robert Austrian chose this opportunity to present a brief review of the history of the pneumococcus [1] and to highlight some of the major developments during that century. Appropriately enough, he began by reading the Introduction to Benjamin White's classic book The Biology of the Pneumococcus [2], in which the author pointed out that the detailed studies on this organism recounted in that volume laid the foundation for the modern studies on the chemical structure and functions of bacteria and formed the basis of modern immunochemistry. Austrian then presented the cast of characters involved in the discovery of the causative organism of pneumonia and in the controversy that lasted for more than four years and finally established the pneumococcus as the major cause and distinguished it from Friedlander's bacillus, now called Klebsiella pneumoniae. He went on to recount a number of discoveries, including the roles of phagocytosis and immunity, made before and after the turn of the century that have been exploited and extended in the ensuing years with the use of newer methods and models. He noted several illustrations of the lag between the first recognition and demonstration of some important phenomena and the exploitation of these discoveries.
A critique of hall and hirschman's quadripartite model of child sexual abuse

Abstract The aim of the current article is to critically examine an extremely influential multi-factorial theory of child molestation. Hall and Hirschman's (1992) quadripartite model. This innovative model was originally presented as a theory of rape and later extended to explain the onset of child sexual abuse. Despite its prominent status the adequacy of its basic ideas have never been systematically evaluated. First, I describe the quadripartite model in detail and outline its core assumptions. Next, these ideas are subject to critical analysis and I highlight its strengths and weaknesses. Finally, I conclude with some brief comments about the model and the role of theory development in the sexual offending area.
Speed-up electronic integrated circuits with plasmonic technology

This paper proposed to use plasmonic waveguides for on-chip nanoscale optical data transmission. To optically transmit data between electronic devices, plasmonic devices, such as plasmonic sources, modulators, waveguides, switches, filters and detectors are needed. A novel planar hybrid plasmonic waveguide (PHPW), which consists of a low-index stripe sandwiched between a high-index nanowire and a metallic film is reported. A highly confined hybrid mode is formed in the low-index stripe as the result of interaction between photonic mode and plasmonic mode. The combination of the plasmonic and photonic modes across the low-index stripe can simultaneously achieve long propagation length and strong field confinement with high power intensity in the PHPW. The PHPW is based on a planar structure, offering additional degrees of freedoms to design a large variety of high-performance passive and active plasmonic devices such as waveguide bends, waveguide couplers and ring resonators.
Transient Criminality: A Model of Stress-Induced Crime

Situational Factors in Crime Mechanisms Stress and S-System Arousal Stress, Arousal, and Cognition Stress, Arousal, and Behavior The Direction and Function of Stimulation-Seeking Behavior Transient Criminality: Psychological Aspects Stimulation-Seeking Behavior and Crime: Theoretical Aspects Crimes Against Property: Theft, Burglary, Vandalism Crimes Against the Person, I: A Critique of the Concept of Aggression Crimes Against the Person, II: Homicide and Assault Crimes Against the Person, III: Rape The Specificity of Crime, Functional Consequences, and Varieties of Subjective Experience Bibliography Index
[Landiolol infusion attenuates increase in heart rate, but does not prevent increase in blood pressure in response to emergence from anesthesia and tracheal extubation].

BACKGROUND Tracheal extubation and emergence procedures induce abrupt changes in hemodynamics and humoral responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different doses of landiolol on hemodynamics during emergence from anesthesia. METHODS All patients undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. Immediately after the end of the surgery, all anesthetics were discontinued. Thereafter, during emergence from anesthesia, all patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen and landiolol infusion was started in all but the control group patients. In the normal dose group, landiolol infusion was started at a rate of 0.125 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 1 min, decreasing it to 0.04 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) until the time of extubation. In the low dose group, landiolol infusion was given at a rate of 0.06 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 1 min and then continuously infused at the rate of 0.02 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1) until extubation. RESULTS Systolic and diastolic pressure increased during the emergence period in all 3 groups, there being no significant differences in systolic and diastolic pressure between the 3 groups during the observation period. Heart rate increased during the emergence period in the control group. In contrast, heart rate in both normal and low dose groups did not increase during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS Landiolol could prevent the increase in heart rate but not blood pressure during emergence from anesthesia. Effects on the changes in heart rate between 0.125 and 0.06 landiolol groups were not significantly different.
SUPER-FOCUS: a tool for agile functional analysis of shotgun metagenomic data

Summary: Analyzing the functional profile of a microbial community from unannotated shotgun sequencing reads is one of the important goals in metagenomics. Functional profiling has valuable applications in biological research because it identifies the abundances of the functional genes of the organisms present in the original sample, answering the question what they can do. Currently, available tools do not scale well with increasing data volumes, which is important because both the number and lengths of the reads produced by sequencing platforms keep increasing. Here, we introduce SUPER-FOCUS, SUbsystems Profile by databasE Reduction using FOCUS, an agile homology-based approach using a reduced reference database to report the subsystems present in metagenomic datasets and profile their abundances. SUPER-FOCUS was tested with over 70 real metagenomes, the results showing that it accurately predicts the subsystems present in the profiled microbial communities, and is up to 1000 times faster than other tools. Availability and implementation: SUPER-FOCUS was implemented in Python, and its source code and the tool website are freely available at https://edwards.sdsu. edu/SUPERFOCUS. Contact: redwards@mail.sdsu. edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Economics of Health and Health Care

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Explicit and Direct Self-Serving Bias in Japan

This study reports an experiment that was conducted to reexamine self-serving bias for success and failure among Japanese participants. Previous research has generally failed to find that Japanese participants exhibit a self-serving bias. However, with careful procedures added to reduce evaluation apprehension of participants, the participants in the success condition made more internal attribution than those in the failure condition. The authors discuss self-serving bias and self-critical bias in terms of evaluation apprehension and social norms.
Bumblebee Vulnerability: Common Correlates of Winners and Losers across Three Continents

Abstract: It is widely agreed that in many parts of the world some bumblebee (Bombus) species have declined, and that this has often been driven by land‐use changes that cause reductions in the abundance of food plants. There is much less agreement about how changes in food plants affect some bumblebee species more than others. We sought to identify which species' characteristics are generally associated with the relative winners and losers by comparing the 3 independent bumblebee faunas from parts of Britain, Canada, and China. Using available survey data, we assessed species characteristics, including competition with congeners, climatic specialization, proximity to climatic range edge, food specialization, phenology, body size, and range size. Results of our meta‐analysis of correlations showed support for the hypotheses that decline susceptibility is generally greater for species that have greater climatic specialization, for species in areas where they occur closest to the edges of their climatic ranges, and for species that have queens that become active later in the year. The latter characteristic may render a species at a particular disadvantage when they have long colony cycles if there are losses of food plants in mid to late colony development.