Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VAPR: Void-Aware Pressure Routing for Underwater Sensor Networks

Underwater mobile sensor networks have recently been proposed as a way to explore and observe the ocean, providing 4D (space and time) monitoring of underwater environments. We consider a specialized geographic routing problem called pressure routing that directs a packet to any sonobuoy on the surface based on depth information available from on-board pressure gauges. The main challenge of pressure routing in sparse underwater networks has been the efficient handling of 3D voids. In this respect, it was recently proven that the greedy stateless perimeter routing method, very popular in 2D networks, cannot be extended to void recovery in 3D networks. Available heuristics for 3D void recovery require expensive flooding. In this paper, we propose a Void-Aware Pressure Routing (VAPR) protocol that uses sequence number, hop count and depth information embedded in periodic beacons to set up next-hop direction and to build a directional trail to the closest sonobuoy. Using this trail, opportunistic directional forwarding can be efficiently performed even in the presence of voids. The contribution of this paper is twofold: a robust soft-state routing protocol that supports opportunistic directional forwarding; and a new framework to attain loop freedom in static and mobile underwater networks to guarantee packet delivery. Extensive simulation results show that VAPR outperforms existing solutions.
Exact description of D-branes via tachyon condensation

We examine the fluctuations around a Dp-brane solution in an unstable D-brane system using boundary states and also boundary string field theory. We show that the fluctuations correctly reproduce the fields on the Dp-brane. Plugging these into the action of the unstable D-brane system, we recover not only the tension and RR charge, but also full effective action of the Dp-brane exactly. Our method works for general unstable D-brane systems and provides a simple proof of D-brane descent/ascent relations under the tachyon condensation. In the lowest dimensional unstable D-brane system, called K-matrix theory, D-branes are described in terms of operator algebra. We show the equivalence of the geometric and algebraic descriptions of a D-brane world-volume manifold using the equivalence between path integral and operator formulation of the boundary quantum mechanics. As a corollary, the Atiyah-Singer index theorem is naturally obtained by looking at the coupling to RR-fields. We also generalize the argument to type-I string theory.
File-based Race Condition Attacks on Multiprocessors Are Practical Threat

TOCTTOU (Time-of-Check-to-Time-of-Use) attacks exploit race conditions in file systems. Although TOCTTOU attacks have been known for 30 years, they have been considered “low risk” due to their typically low probability of success, which depends on fortuitous interleaving between the attacker and victim processes. For example, recent discovery of TOCTTOU vulnerability in vi showed a success rate in low single digit percentages for files smaller than 1MB size. In this paper, we show that in a multiprocessor the uncertainties due to scheduling are reduced, and the success probability of vi attack increases to almost 100% for files of 1 byte size. Similarly, another recently discovered vulnerability in gedit, which had almost zero probability of success, changes to 83% success rate on a multiprocessor. The main reason for the increased success rate to almost certainty is the speed up of attacker process when running on a dedicated processor. These case studies show the sharply increased risks represented by file-based race condition attacks such as TOCTTOU on the next generation multiprocessors, e.g., those with multi-core processors.
Deformable template combining alignable and non-alignable sketches

This paper proposes a hybrid model for deformable template which combines alignable and non-alignable sketches. These sketches are subject to slight or considerable translations in different images. For slight translations, Wu et al proposed active basis model to capture them, where each sketch is allowed to shift in position and orientation. For larger translations of sketches, assumed that they follow the same distribution as sketches of natural image ensembles, which need not be explicitly modeled. But in fact, for a specified object class, the unaligned sketches follow a totally different distribution from those of natural images. We summarize these sketches by their means in the foreground mask. We treat the mean value in each direction as independent features and fit their marginal distributions on object ensemble and natural image ensemble using Gaussian distribution. The marginal distributions are combined with Active Basis into a joint probability ratio to distinguish foreground object from natural background. Experiments are conducted on 14 object classes, most of which show considerable improvement in ROC.
A fast evaluation of power delivery system input impedance of printed circuit boards with decoupling capacitors

A fast power delivery system input impedance evaluation methodology for printed circuit board decoupling capacitor placement study is presented in This work. The methodology is based on electrical network admittance matrix properties. The admittance matrix methodology described in This work is rigorously validated by comparing the decoupling capacitor placement evaluation of a real printed circuit board by both impedance matrix and results from commercial electromagnetic field software.
What's Public About Charter Schools?: Lessons Learned About Choice and Accountability

Preface Outline of the Book Acknowledgments About the Authors Chapter 1: Charter Schools and Privatization - With Christopher Lubienski What Are Chater Schools? A Crash Course in the Charter Concept Accountability to Whom? The New Politics of Education What's Public About Charter Schools? Formalist and Functionalist Views of Public-ness Chapter 2: Shifting From Public to Private: Historical and Political Backdrop Charter Schools in the National and International Context The Public-Private Pendulum in Michigan The Emergence of Michigan's Charter School Law Chapter 3: The Charter School Reform in Michigan The Charter School Concept in Michigan The Growth and Development of Michigan Charter Schools Chapter 4: Charter School Finance - With F. Howard Nelson How Michigan Funds Charter Schools General Fund Expenditures Case Studies of Charter School and School District Revenues and Expenditures The Cost Advantage of Charter Schools Chapter 5: Choice and Access Distribution by Grade Racial/Ethnic Composition of the Charter Schools Income, Family Structure, and Other Characteristics Special Education--or the Lack of It--in Michigan Charter Schools Beyond Demographics: Reasons for Choosing Charter Schools Chapter 6: Teachers' Characteristics and Working Conditions Teacher Demographics Certification and Qualification of Teachers Reasons to Seek Employment at a Charter School Working Conditions and Levels of Satisfaction Chapter 7: Innovation and Impact Impact on Surrounding School Districts Impacts on Educational Practice The Diffusion of Charter School Innovations and Practices Chapter 8: Student Achievement Michigan in National Context Assessing Charter School Impacts in Michigan A Summary of the Findings EMOs and Student Achievement Chapter 9: Customer Satisfaction Nontest Indicators of Academic Performance Satisfaction With and Accomplishment of Mission Satisfaction With Curriculum and Instruction Satisfaction With Facilities and Available Resources The Relationship Between Market and Performance Accountability Chapter 10: The Effects of Education Management Organizations The Growth of EMO Involvement in Charter Schools Roles and Types of EMOs Ownership of Charter Schools and the Problem of Bundling Control and Governance of Charter Schools: Is the Tail Wagging the Dog? Operating Charter Schools for Profit: Strategies and Consequences Chapter 11: Lessons in Choice and Accountability What's Public About Michigan Charter Schools? A Review of the Evidence Are Charter Schools a Good Public Investment? The Question of Efficiency Diagnoses and Prescriptions for Charter School Laws The Future of Choice and Accountability Appendix A: Key Historical Developments in Michigan That Have Affected the Public and Private Nature of Schooling Appendix B: Background and Supporting Documentation for Analysis of Student Achievement Appendix C: List of EMOs and the Number of Schools They Operated in 2000-01 References Index
MTSD: A Task Scheduling Algorithm for MapReduce Base on Deadline Constraints

The previous works about MapReduce task scheduling with deadline constraints neither take the diffenences of Map and Reduce task, nor the cluster's heterogeneity into account. This paper proposes an extensional MapReduce Task Scheduling algorithm for Deadline constraints in Hadoop platform: MTSD. It allows user specify a job's deadline and tries to make the job be finished before the deadline. Through measuring the node's computing capacity, a node classification algorithm is proposed in MTSD. This algorithm classifies the nodes into several levels in heterogeneous clusters. Under this algorithm, we firstly illuminate a novel data distribution model which distributes data according to the node's capacity level respectively. The experiments show that the data locality is improved about 57%. Secondly, we calculate the task's average completion time which is based on the node level. It improves the precision of task's remaining time evaluation. Finally, MTSD provides a mechanism to decide which job's task should be scheduled by calculating the Map and Reduce task slot requirements.
Involvement of S100A4 in stromal fibroblasts of the regenerating cornea.

PURPOSE S100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. Members of the S100 family have been implicated in a variety of cellular events, including growth, signaling, differentiation, and motility. It has been suggested that S100A4 modulates cell shape and motility by interacting with components of the cytoskeleton. In the present study, the distribution patterns of S100A4 were investigated in normal and regenerating mouse corneas. METHODS Rabbit cDNA libraries were prepared from cultures of corneal fibroblasts. S100A4 was identified as the most abundant message present. Expression of S100A4 in the cornea was determined using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Distribution patterns of S100A4 in primary corneal fibroblast cultures treated with either FGF-2/heparin or TGFbeta1 were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS S100A4 mRNA was rarely detected in keratocytes or epithelial cells of the normal rabbit cornea. Likewise, S100A4 antigen was not found in normal mouse corneas. However, after removal of the corneal epithelium, fibroblasts are activated and had readily detectable S100A4 expression 6 days after wounding. In the in vitro equivalent of activated keratocytes, cultured rabbit corneal fibroblasts, S100A4 was restricted to the cytoplasm. In contrast, in cultures treated with TGFbeta1, which induces a myofibroblast phenotype, more than 90% of the cells showed a nuclear localization of S100A4. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that S100A4 is expressed in the keratocyte phenotypes that appear in stromal tissue of corneas recovering from damage, the fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. Its expression and distinct subcellular redistribution patterns suggest that S100A4 may be involved in the interconversions that occur between keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts during corneal wound healing.
Female Self-Empowerment through Dance

ABSTRACT In this article, utilizing the Graham Technique as a tool, I discuss strategies I use in my class to support dance as a way to challenge or transcend sanctioned female identities by shifting the focus from presentation to self-discovery, encouraging ownership of the movement, and exploring a range of physicalities that embody different aspects of the psyche, some socially defined as “masculine” or “feminine” movement. I engage with research coming out of psychology and neurobiology to support the exploration of a diverse range of movement qualities to cultivate both physical and psychological fluidity between expressions. I examine feminist scholarship that views the female body as being socially structured to adopt a physicality that is passive in nature, and frame Martha Graham and her technique in the attempt to defy socialized female comportment. This article seeks to find a connection between a woman's physicality and her sense of agency.
Can we put event nominals to rest? (Semantics)

The basic syntactic frame of put is X put Y to Z, and a simple paraphrase is ‘X acts on Y such that Y becomes a participant in the event Z. ’ I will call Y the pivot and Z the secondary predicate (SP). Possible SPs include motion, order, power, practice, print, use, work, sleep, death, judgement, rebuke, shame. These are just the possibilities for a bare noun SP. Full NPs include (a) vote, (a) choice, and (a/an) end/halt/stop. Observation of the sorts of semantic interpretations of this construction yields two generalizations:
Self-Referential Thinking, Suicide, and Function of the Cortical Midline Structures and Striatum in Mood Disorders: Possible Implications for Treatment Studies of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Bipolar Depression

Bipolar depression is often refractory to treatment and is frequently associated with anxiety symptoms and elevated suicide risk. There is a great need for adjunctive psychotherapeutic interventions. Treatments with effectiveness for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as suicide-related thoughts and behaviors would be particularly beneficial. Mindfulness-based interventions hold promise, and studies of these approaches for bipolar disorder are warranted. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual background for such studies by reviewing key findings from diverse lines of investigation. Results of that review indicate that cortical midline structures (CMS) appear to link abnormal self-referential thinking to emotional dysregulation in mood disorders. Furthermore, CMS and striatal dysfunction may play a role in the neuropathology underlying suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Thus, combining studies of mindfulness interventions targeting abnormal self-referential thinking with functional imaging of CMS and striatal function may help delineate the neurobiological mechanisms of action of these treatments.
A Novel Approach for Imputation of Missing Attribute Values for Efficient Mining of Medical Datasets - Class Based Cluster Approach

Missing attribute values are quite common in the datasets available in the literature. Missing values are also possible because all attributes values may not be recorded and hence unavailable due to several practical reasons. For all these one must fix missing attribute vales if the analysis has to be done. Imputation is the first step in analyzing medical datasets. Hence this has achieved significant contribution from several medical domain researchers. Several data mining researchers have proposed various methods and approaches to impute missing values. However very few of them concentrate on dimensionality reduction. In this paper, we discuss a novel imputation framework for missing values imputation. Our approach of filling missing values is rooted on class based clustering approach and essentially aims at medical records dimensionality reduction. We use these dimensionality records for carrying prediction and classification analysis. A case study is discussed which shows how imputation is performed using proposed method.
Three-dimensional geometric statistical model based on locating feature points of maximal curvature flow

Aiming at the present problem that the spine and the part of the spine lack the sample library of geometric statistical model of different age groups, this paper studies a method to construct the three-dimensional geometric statistic model based on the locating feature points of maximum curvature flow. In this method, the 3D reconstructed human lumbar vertebrae model is adaptively identified and located based on the feature points of the normal curvature maxima, so as to the sample matrix is generated for each model. Then the improved ICP algorithm is used to align and register the sample matrix. Finally, the PCA (Principal Component Analysis) is used to train the model template after registration, in order to get the sample library of geometry statistical model of spine.
Response of Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism to Exercise Intensity in Thoroughbred Horses

We studied the response of biochemical markers of bone metabolism to exercise intensity in horses. Four horses were walked on a mechanical walker for one week (pre-exercise). Then they performed low-speed exercise on a high-speed treadmill in the first week and medium-speed exercise in the second week and high-speed exercise in the third week of training. We measured two indices of bone resorption, serum hydroxyproline concentration and the urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio, and serum osteocalcin (OC) concentration as an index of bone formation. Both indices of bone resorption gradually decreased during the experiment. Serum OC concentration did not change in the first week but was significantly lower in the second and the third weeks compared to in the pre-exercise period and in the first week. These results suggest that the low-speed exercise decreased bone resorption but did not affect bone formation, which possibly results in increasing bone mineral content and strengthening of bones. The high-speed exercise decreased bone formation and bone resorption, i.e., bone turnover was suppressed. The low-speed exercise may be preferable for increasing bone mineral content.
Paul Grice , saying and meaning *

The notions of ‘saying’ and ‘what is said’ are fundamental to Paul Grice’s work. This paper argues, however, that the versions of these notions most often attributed to Grice may not be the ones he intended. To support this claim, I examine the original typescripts of Grice’s William James Lectures, and discuss comparisons made by fellow Gricean researcher—Bob Arundale—between the lectures, original published versions of the lectures and revised versions included in Grice (1989). I also discuss similarities between Grice’s notions and the notion of ‘dictiveness’ introduced by a contemporary of his at Oxford—R. M. Hare.
Soft and Hard Price Collars in a Cap-and-Trade System: A Comparative Analysis

We use a stochastic dynamic framework to compare price collars (price ceilings and floors) in a cap-and-trade system with uncertainty in the level of baseline emissions and costs. We consider soft collars, which provide limited volume of additional emission allowances (a reserve) at the price ceiling, and hard collars, which provide an unlimited supply of additional allowances, thereby preventing allowance prices from exceeding the price ceiling. Conversely, allowances are removed from the market if prices fall to the floor. We find that increasing the size of the reserve strictly lowers expected net present values of compliance costs; however, there is a diminishing effect as the allowance reserve is expanded. Most of the expected cost savings are achieved with a modest reserve. Consequently, a rather limited soft price collar could provide considerable assurance about cost while preventing the possibility that emissions could spiral out of control.
Constraint and Adaptation in newt Toll-Like Receptor Genes

Acute die-offs of amphibian populations worldwide have been linked to the emergence of viral and fungal diseases. Inter and intraspecific immunogenetic differences may influence the outcome of infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an essential component of innate immunity and also prime acquired defenses. We report the first comprehensive assessment of TLR gene variation for urodele amphibians. The Lissotriton newt TLR repertoire includes representatives of 13 families and is compositionally most similar to that of the anuran Xenopus. Both ancient and recent gene duplications have occurred in urodeles, bringing the total number of TLR genes to at least 21. Purifying selection has predominated the evolution of newt TLRs in both long (∼70 Ma) and medium (∼18 Ma) timescales. However, we find evidence for both purifying and positive selection acting on TLRs in two recently diverged (2–5 Ma) allopatric evolutionary lineages (Lissotriton montandoni and L. vulgaris graecus). Overall, both forms of selection have been stronger in L. v. graecus, while constraint on most TLR genes in L. montandoni appears relaxed. The differences in selection regimes are unlikely to be biased by demographic effects because these were controlled by means of a historical demographic model derived from an independent data set of 62 loci. We infer that TLR genes undergo distinct trajectories of adaptive evolution in closely related amphibian lineages, highlight the potential of TLRs to capture the signatures of different assemblages of pathogenic microorganisms, and suggest differences between lineages in the relative roles of innate and acquired immunity.
An update strategy for the WaterFowl RDF data store

The WaterFowl RDF Store is characterized by its high compression rate and a self-indexing approach. Both of these characteristics are due to its underlying architecture. Intuitively, it is based on a stack composed of two forms of Succinct Data Structures, namely bitmaps and wavelet trees. The ability to efficiently retrieve information from these structures is performed via a set of operations, i.e., rank, select and access, which are used by our query processor. The nice properties, e.g. compactness and efficient data retrieval, we have observed on our first experimentations come at the price of poor performances when insertions or deletions are required. For instance, a naive approach has a dramatic impact on the capacity to handle ABox updates. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing an update strategy which uses an hybrid wavelet tree (using both pointer-based and pointerless sub-wavelet trees).
Tests of stellar model atmospheres by optical interferometry. IV. VINCI interferometry and UVES spectroscopy of Menkar

Aims. We present coordinated near-infrared K-band interferometric and optical spectroscopic observations of the M 1.5 giant α Cet (Menkar) obtained with the instruments VINCI and UVES at the Paranal Observatory. Spherically symmetric PHOENIX stellar model atmospheres are constrained by comparison to our interferometric and spectroscopic data, and high-precision fundamental parameters of Menkar are obtained. Methods. Our high-precision VLTI/VINCI observations in the first and second lobes of the visibility function directly probe the model-predicted strength of the limb darkening effect in the K-band and the stellar angular diameter. The high spectral resolution of UVES of R = 80 000–110 000 allows us to confront in detail observed and model-predicted profiles of atomic lines and molecular bands. Results. We show that our derived PHOENIX model atmosphere for Menkar is consistent with both the measured strength of the limbdarkening in the near-infrared K-band and the profiles of spectral bands around selected atomic lines and TiO bandheads from 370 nm to 1000 nm. At the detailed level of our high spectral resolution, however, noticeable discrepancies between observed and synthetic spectra exist. We obtain a high-precision Rosseland angular diameter of ΘRoss = 12.20 mas ± 0.04 mas. Together with the Hipparcos parallax of 14.82 mas ± 0.83 mas, it corresponds to a Rosseland radius of RRoss = 89 ± 5R� , and together with the bolometric flux based on available spectrophotometry, to an effective temperature of Teff = 3795 K ± 70 K. The luminosity based on these values is