Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low-Memory Community Detection Algorithm With Hybrid Sparse Structure and Structural Information for Large-Scale Networks

Community detection plays an essential role in the domains of social, bioinformatics, and e-commerce. The innovative structural information theory (SInfo, introduced by Li et al.) has achieved excellent performance for network analysis. Nevertheless, similar to traditional network algorithms, the SInfo algorithm will exhaust all system memory resources when processing large-scale networks based on adjacency data structures. Moreover, due to the irregular and sequential characteristics, the SInfo algorithm is challenging to parallelize. In this article, we propose a hybrid sparse data structure and design a low-memory community detection algorithm based on structural information theory (HSSInfo), which shrinks memory requirements and achieves high parallelism. Specifically, we first propose a general quantization method to quantify the information change in community transformation, with which community inner and outer connection complexity can be semantically interpreted. Second, we design a general hybrid sparse structure to store network data among CPU and GPU, which can reduce memory resource consumption for community detection on large-scale networks. Finally, we develop an HSSInfo algorithm based on the quantization method and hybrid sparse structure, in which parallelism intersection and community fusion algorithms are employed to improve parallel scalability. We execute the comparison experiments for HSSInfo and eleven baseline algorithms on nine real-world datasets. Empirically, HSSInfo can achieve orders of magnitude speedups and extend structural information theory to large-scale datasets of billions of edges. Meanwhile, compared with various community detection algorithms, HSSInfo can achieve higher or similar accuracy with up to 19x memory shrinkage ratio.
Assessment of the pan-Arctic accelerated rate of sea ice decline in CMIP6 historical simulations

Arctic sea ice loss in response to a warming climate is assessed in 42 models participating in Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Sea ice observations show a significant acceleration in the rate of decline commencing near the turn of the 21st century. It is our assertion that state-of-the-art climate models should qualitatively reflect this accelerated trend within the limitations of internal variability and observational uncertainty. Our analysis shows that individual CMIP6 simulations of sea ice depict a wide range of model spread on biases and anomaly trends both across models and among their ensemble members. While the CMIP6 multi-model mean captures the observed sea ice area (SIA) decline relatively well, an individual model’s ability to represent the acceleration in sea ice decline remains a challenge. Seventeen (40%) out of 42 CMIP6 models and 37 (13%) out of the total 286 ensemble members reasonably capture the observed trends and acceleration in SIA decline. In addition, a larger ensemble size appears to increase the odds for a model to include at least one ensemble member skillfully representing the accelerated SIA trends. Simulations of sea ice volume (SIV) show much larger spread and uncertainty than SIA; however, due to limited availability of sea ice thickness data, these are not as well constrained by observations. Finally, we find that models with more ocean heat transport simulate larger sea ice declines, which suggests an emergent constraint in CMIP6 ensembles. This relationship points to the need for better understanding and modeling of ice-ocean interactions, especially with respect to frazil ice growth.
A Hybrid Iterative Thresholding Method for Solving Sparsity-Regularized Linear Inverse Problems and Its Application in Seismic Sparse-Spike Deconvolution

Sparsity-regularized linear inverse problem has served as the base in many disciplines, such as remote sensing imaging, image processing and analysis, seismic deconvolution, compressed sensing, medical imaging, and so forth. The iterative hard thresholding algorithm (IHTA) and iterative soft thresholding algorithm (ISTA) are two frequently used methods to solve sparsity-regularized linear inverse problems. They are also the basic unit of other more complex methods. IHTA and ISTA are derived under the steepest descent method, i.e., iteratively perform gradient descent and thresholding shrinkage. The steepest descent method is a first-order algorithm, which is a powerful way to solve optimization due to its relatively simple implementation. However, a known issue of the first-order method is the possible poor convergence rate. Fast iterative thresholding-like algorithms have been proposed to overcome this issue in the existing works of literature. In history, another alternative way is second-order algorithms or quasi-second-order algorithms. In this letter, we include a quasi-Newton’s method, i.e., Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DFP) formulations in the framework of iterative thresholding-like algorithms to replace gradient descent to form a hybrid method to further increase convergence rate. The proposed method has been performed on two numerical examples and a real-life application in sparse-spike seismic deconvolution. The numerical examples and real-life application showed that it provides an effective alternative method to solve sparsity-regularized linear inverse problems.
An Exploration of Algebraic Approaches to Graph Theory

In a 2010 paper, De Loera et al. explore the use of polynomial ideals to determine properties of graphs. Here we present an exposition of the results in said paper on k-colorability and Hamiltonicity of graphs, as well as the improvements on these results made by Li et al. in 2015. We provide detail and background necessary for an undergraduate reader. Additionally, we provide an explicit formula for the Nullstellensatz certificate of non-2-colorability of a graph, and find the graph with smallest order that has a linear Nullstellensatz certificate of non-3-colorability but does not contain an odd wheel. Date: April 21, 2016. 1 An Exploration of Algebraic Approaches to Graph Theory
Open Set Recognition With Dissimilarity Weight for Unknown Attack Detection

The continuous advancement of information technology has improved user convenience but has also made it more vulnerable to cyber attacks. In particular, attackers use advanced techniques to perform new attacks. In cyber security, such attacks are defined as unknown attacks and target previously undetected vulnerabilities or excavate gaps in the system. Because these attacks are unidentified or unanalyzed, they are difficult to identify in signature-based misuse detection that learns rules or patterns. Furthermore, anomaly-based detection that learns from normal data to detect outliers cannot detect unknown attacks accurately, because it does not distinguish between known and unknown attacks. To overcome these problems, this study applied open-set recognition with dissimilarity weight (OSRDW). An OSRDW method was used to effectively train the extreme value distribution, which was calculated by applying the dissimilarity weight, through which the weights of the unknown attack were calculated and classified as unknown attacks. Through research analysis, unknown attacks could be categorized into two types, and three datasets (NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, CICIDS-2017) with 140,000–2,500,000 rows were used in the experiment. For the first type of unknown attack, the unknown attack detection rate of the proposed method was approximately 10%–20% better than that of the conventional method. For the second type of unknown attack, the accuracy and unknown attack detection rate were higher for the proposed method. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed method had better performance in detecting unknown attacks and could detect various attacks in the three datasets.
Evaluation of MTT Heterogeneity of Perfusion CT Imaging in the Early Brain Injury Phase: An Insight into aSAH Pathopysiology

The concept of early brain injury (EBI) is based on the assumption of a global reduction in brain perfusion following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the heterogeneity of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in EBI has not yet been investigated. In contrast, increased mean transit time (MTT) heterogeneity, a possible marker of microvascular perfusion heterogeneity, in the delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) phase has recently been associated with a poor neurological outcome after aSAH. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether the heterogeneity of early CTP imaging in the EBI phase is an independent predictor of the neurological outcome after aSAH. We retrospectively analyzed the heterogeneity of the MTT using the coefficient of variation (cvMTT) in early CTP scans (within 24 h after ictus) of 124 aSAH patients. Both linear and logistic regression were used to model the mRS outcome, which were treated as numerical and dichotomized values, respectively. Linear regression was used to investigate the linear dependency between the variables. No significant difference in cvMTT between the patients with and those without EVD could be observed (p = 0.69). We found no correlation between cvMTT in early CTP imaging and initial modified Fisher (p = 0.07) and WFNS grades (p = 0.23). The cvMTT in early perfusion imaging did not correlate significantly with the 6-month mRS for the entire study population (p = 0.15) or for any of the subgroups (without EVD: p = 0.21; with EVD: p = 0.3). In conclusion, microvascular perfusion heterogeneity, assessed by the heterogeneity of MTT in early CTP imaging, does not appear to be an independent predictor of the neurological outcome 6 months after aSAH.
Foliar Application of Selenium Associated with a Multi-Nutrient Fertilizer in Soybean: Yield, Grain Quality, and Critical Se Threshold

Selenium uptake and its content in soybean grains are affected by Se application methods. This study evaluated the impact of Se foliar application combined with a multi-nutrient fertilizer (MNF) on soybean, establishing a Se threshold to better understand the relationship between Se content in grains and yield of two genotypes (58I60 Lança and M5917). Two trials were conducted in a 4 × 2 factorial design: four Se rates (0, 10, 40, 80 g Se ha−1) and two methods of foliar Se application (Se combined or not with MNF). Foliar fertilizers were applied twice, at phenological stages of beginning of pod development and grain filling. Grain yield increased with the application of MNF, yet Se rates increased Se contents linearly up to 80 g Se ha−1, regardless of the use of MNF. Lança and M5917 genotypes had grain Se critical thresholds of 1.0 and 3.0 mg kg−1, respectively. The application of Se favored higher contents of K, P, and S in grains of genotype Lança and higher contents of Mn and Fe in grains of genotype M5917. Our findings highlight the importance of addressing different Se fertilization strategies as well as genotypic variations when assessing the effects of Se on soybean yield and grain quality.
On the mod p 2 determination of ((p-1)/2 (p-1)/4)

The Gross-Koblitz formula and a formula of Diamond are used to prove the congruence A=(1+((2 p-1 -1)/2)× 2a-(p/2a))(mod p 2 ) (p a prime number ≡ 1 (mod 4), p = a 2 + b 2 (a, b , ∈Z, a≡ 1 (mod 4))), proposed by F. Beukers which refines the well-known congruence A ≡ 2a (mod p) for the binomial coefficient A=((p-1)/2 (p-1)/4).
CRISPR-Mediated In Situ Introduction or Integration of F9-Padua in Human iPSCs for Gene Therapy of Hemophilia B

Hemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked recessive disease caused by F9 gene mutation and functional coagulation factor IX (FIX) deficiency. Patients suffer from chronic arthritis and death threats owing to excessive bleeding. Compared with traditional treatments, gene therapy for HB has obvious advantages, especially when the hyperactive FIX mutant (FIX-Padua) is used. However, the mechanism by which FIX-Padua works remains ambiguous due to a lack of research models. Here, in situ introduction of F9-Padua mutation was performed in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) via CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs). The hyperactivity of FIX-Padua was confirmed to be 364% of the normal level in edited hiPSCs-derived hepatocytes, providing a reliable model for exploring the mechanism of the hyperactivity of FIX-Padua. Moreover, the F9 cDNA containing F9-Padua was integrated before the F9 initiation codon by CRISPR/Cas9 in iPSCs from an HB patient (HB-hiPSCs). Integrated HB-hiPSCs after off-target screening were differentiated into hepatocytes. The FIX activity in the supernatant of integrated hepatocytes showed a 4.2-fold increase and reached 63.64% of the normal level, suggesting a universal treatment for HB patients with various mutations in F9 exons. Overall, our study provides new approaches for the exploration and development of cell-based gene therapy for HB.
Rethinking Black Hole Accretion Discs

Constraining the accretion flow geometry of black hole binaries in outburst is complicated by the inability of simplified multi-colour disc models to distinguish between changes in the inner disc radius and alterations to the emergent spectrum, parameterised by the phenomenological colour correction factor, fcol. We analyse Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the low mass Galactic black hole X-ray binary, GX 339–4, taken over seven epochs when the source was experiencing a state transition. The accretion disc component is isolated using a pipeline resulting in robust detections for disc luminosities, 10−3 . Ldisc/LEdd . 0.5. Assuming that the inner disc remains situated at the innermost stable circular orbit over
Three Dimensions Reconstruction of CT Image by MATLAB

Three dimensions reconstruction of CT image gives a intuitionistic image of body. It is convenient to observation and operation. But it is difficult to those people not major in computer. In order to solve this problem, how to reconstruct of CT image using image processing toolbox of MATLAB6.5 is discussed. MABLAB gives us a convenient method to reconstruct and acquires a good result. It can be mastered by anybody.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Emerging Asia and Exposure to External Shocks

Using a time-varying parameter SVAR model over the period 1994 to 2021, this paper provides estimates of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to both producer and consumer prices for nine emerging Asian economies. We also examine the role of four global shocks as propagation channels to both producer and consumer price ERPT, specifically via oil prices, global output, US monetary policy, and the VIX. Our main findings are: (i) ERPT is incomplete and mostly higher for ERPT to producer than consumer prices; (ii) longer-term ERPT to producer and consumer prices is mostly greater in magnitude than shorter-term ERPT; (iii) ERPT has been declining for most Asian EMEs since around 2010; (iv) oil price and global output shocks mostly affect longer-term producer price ERPT in emerging Asia; and (v) US monetary policy and VIX shocks mostly affect longer-term consumer price ERPT in emerging Asia.
Effect of surfactant on oil displacement efficiency of imbibition/huff and puff in low permeability reservoirs

ABSTRACT Low permeability and tight reservoirs are rich in microscale and even nanoscale pores, resulting in a large interfacial tension between oil and water in the pores. Surfactant can effectively improve the oil displacement efficiency during imbibition and huff and puff. In this paper, the low permeability cores with different permeability are taken as the research object, and the effects of surfactant and distilled water on the oil displacement efficiency of imbibition/huff and puff are compared and analyzed using the nuclear magnetic resonance technology. Results show that: (a) Huff and puff can significantly improve displacement efficiency, and there are mainly three reasons: the soaking time, surfactants improve infiltration efficiency, and elastic energy. (b) Imbibition is a spontaneous phenomenon in tight reservoirs, while huff and puff is artificially manipulated. (c) Due to the slow infiltration process, as the soaking time increases, the oil displacement efficiency increases. (d) when the pressure is increased from 0.1 MPa to 12 MPa, the oil recovery and displacement efficiency are increased by about 2 times. (e) Compared with imbibition displacement, huff and puff can significantly improve displacement efficiency. (f) The T2 spectrum shows that the oil displacement efficiency of surfactant imbibition is higher, and the oil displacement efficiency of imbibition is significantly lower than that of huff and puff.
Wideband Inverse Matrix for Radiated Two-Stage MIMO Measurements

Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technology is one of the significant components in the growing fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. The 5G system has expanded its frequency range and widened the bandwidth to achieve higher throughput rates and more stable wireless qualities, which brings new challenges to the over-the-air (OTA) MIMO evaluations. The wide bandwidth introduces systematic uncertainties into the MIMO measurement because of the increased amplitude and phase variation issues under different frequencies in the wideband signals, and it could lead to valid MIMO throughput measurement results when severe. The effect on antenna isolation resulting from amplitude and phase variation in wideband MIMO measurements is analyzed based on the radiated two-stage (RTS) MIMO measurement method. A wideband inverse matrix algorithm is introduced to solve this issue and improve the wideband MIMO antenna isolation. The proposed method can be used in both multiple probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) and RTS chambers, which paves the way for decreasing the OTA measurement uncertainties on both 5G sub-6-GHz wideband MIMO and millimeter-wave MIMO evaluations.
Potential for healthy eating in a Brazilian public university food environment

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the food environment healthy eating potential in the authorized food services on the campus of a Brazilian university. Methods This is an observational study carried out between March and April 2014 on a campus of a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The elements of the food environment were evaluated using an audit instrument, containing 86 questions: availability (amount of food services and types of food offered), convenience (days and hours of operation), incentives and barriers to healthy eating (nutrition information, payment strategies and food advertisements). Preparations based on whole grains and fresh or minimally processed products were considered healthy foods; and, preparations with high caloric density, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets, desserts, cookies, and savory snacks were considered unhealthy food. The questionnaire allowed us to calculate a score for each service, which could range from 0 to 36 points, and indicates the potential for promoting healthy eating in the establishment, with higher scores indicating a greater presence of elements that contribute to healthy eating. The different types of food service facilities were compared based on the scores (p<0.05 for statistical significance). Results Among the establishments evaluated, 24% were snack bars/cafeterias, 26%, restaurants, and 50% offered mixed services. Healthy food items were scarcely available in the establishments (fruits: 24%; vegetables: 20%; brown rice: 15%); while added-sugar beverages (98%), sweets and treats (76%) were widely offered. There was a higher frequency of advertising encouraging consumption of unhealthy items than that aimed at healthy foods (44% vs 30%). In general, the score was 13,2 points (SD=3.3) and the mean score for snack bars/cafeterias (9.3 points) was lower (p<0,05) than that of restaurants and mixed establishments (14,4 points). Conclusion On the campus assessed, the food environment had limited potential for healthy eating, since elements that did not favor healthy food choices were more frequent.
Residual life estimation under time-varying conditions based on a Wiener process

ABSTRACT Residual life (RL) estimation plays an important role in prognostics and health management. In operating conditions, components usually experience stresses continuously varying over time, which have an impact on the degradation processes. This paper investigates a Wiener process model to track and predict the RL under time-varying conditions. The item-to-item variation is captured by the drift parameter and the degradation characteristic of the whole population is described by the diffusion parameter. The bootstrap method and Bayesian theorem are employed to estimate and update the distribution parameters of ‘a’ and ‘b’, which are the coefficients of the linear drifting process in the degradation model. Once new degradation information becomes available, the RL distributions considering the future operating condition are derived. The proposed method is tested on Lithium-ion battery devices under three levels of charging/discharging rates. The results are further validated by a simulation method.
Bidirectional Association between Psoriasis and Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Studies have shown an increased risk of asthma in patients with psoriasis and vice versa. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the pooled association between these two chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted through March 2023. Risk ratios (RRs) and prevalence were calculated. Results: A total of 11 studies comprising 110,978 patients with psoriasis and 1,898,071 controls were included in the first meta-analysis. The prevalence of asthma in patients with psoriasis was 9.2% (0.075, 0.110), and the pooled risk ratio (RR) was 1.43 (1.23,1.66). Subgroup analysis showed that older patients (≥50 years) have a higher pooled risk of asthma [RR 1.59 (1.41, 1.79)] than younger patients (20–49 years) [RR 1.23 (1.07,1.41)]. In addition, a significantly higher risk of asthma was seen in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis [RR 1.48 (1.17, 1.88)) when compared to their controls than those with mild psoriasis [RR 1.28 (1.14, 1.44)]. A total of 3 studies comprising 468,869 asthma patients and 11,063,349 control were included in the second meta-analysis. The prevalence of psoriasis in asthma patients was 1.3%, 0.004, 0.029), and the pooled risk ratio was 1.23 (1.02,1.47). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides clear evidence for the bidirectional association between asthma and psoriasis.