Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi heifers.

Aim: Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bypass nutrients i.e. bypass lysine, methionine and fat on growth and nutritional efficiency in growing Jaffrabadi buffalo heifers aged 21 to 27 months. Materials and Methods: Twenty buffalo heifers were divided into four groups of equal number: control group (T1), bypass fat supplementation (T2), bypass lysine and methionine supplementation (T3) and bypass lysine, methionine and fat supplementation (T4). The feeds were analyzed for proximate constituents. Body measurements (body length, body height, heart girth, body girth, pelvic length and pelvic width) as well as body weights (kg) of individual animals were recorded at the beginning and thereafter at every fifteen day interval throughout the experimental period. Feed conversion ratio was determined in terms of dry matter required per kg gain in body weight under different treatments. Results: The total weight gain and average daily body weight gain during the experiment was highest in T4 followed by T2, which differed significantly (P<0.05) from that of T1. Biometric changes were uniform in all the experimental groups and the changes were positive. Heifers under the present experimental condition, gained biometry considerably though not significantly. Treatment differences were significant (P<0.05) for average value of percent dry matter intake but no significant differences were found between treatments for average daily dry matter intake and dry matter intake per kg metabolic body weight. The efficiency of feed utilization was best in T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1 groups but the treatment differences were statistically non significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Incorporation of bypass nutrients (lysine, methionine and fat) in the ration of growing Jaffrabadi heifers improved live weight gain, dry matter intake (kg/day), dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight and feed conversion ratio (DMI/kg body weight gain).
Exploiting institutional contradictions: The role of management accounting in continuous improvement implementation

Purpose – Based on an institutional perspective, this study explores the role of management accounting (MA) in promoting or impeding changes in the employees' conceptions of shopfloor worker responsibility in a company trying to implement a continuous improvement (CI) working practice. Design/methodology/approach – An ethnographically inspired research method is needed where weekly CI meetings in two workgroups were observed over a period of eight months and in-depth interviews with managers and operators were conducted regularly. Findings – The study reveals that active and skilful exploiters of inconsistencies within social arrangements may use MA as one important way of transforming a traditional vertical view of worker responsibility into a more horizontally-oriented view by: creating collective reflection and reasoned analysis of the limits of the present order, and visualising and justifying an alternative model(s) of social behaviour. However, the study also shows that MA may contribute to the reinforcement of a vertical view by the use of group-level measures strictly as a one-way performance monitoring device. Originality/value – The study highlights that “contradictions” between social orders may not only nurture institutional stability, but may also be a necessary (although not sufficient) condition for institutional change.
Origin of dark counts in nanostructured NbN single-photon detectors

We present our study of dark counts in ultrathin (3.5 to 10 nm thick), narrow (120 to 170 nm wide) NbN superconducting stripes of different lengths. In experiments, where the stripe was completely isolated from the outside world and kept at temperature below the critical temperature T/sub c/, we detected subnanosecond electrical pulses associated with the spontaneous appearance of the temporal resistive state. The resistive state manifested itself as generation of phase-slip centers (PSCs) in our two-dimensional superconducting stripes. Our analysis shows that not far from T/sub c/, PSCs have a thermally activated nature. At lowest temperatures, far below T/sub c/, they are created by quantum fluctuations.
The Moderating Effect of Knowledge and Resources on the Persuasive Impact of Analogies

Four experiments were conducted to examine the persuasive impact of new product appeals containing an analogy. An analogy highlights the similarity in the benefits offered by a familiar base product and an unfamiliar target product. This device is found to be persuasive when (a) message recipients have the ability to map attribute relations from some base category to understand the benefits of a target product, and (b) they allocate the substantial resources needed to complete this mapping. In the absence of either of these conditions, the persuasive impact of an analogy is more limited. A variety of devices, including expertise with the base product, training in how to process base information, and a positive mood, are shown to improve the comprehension of an analogy and to enhance its persuasiveness. Copyright 2001 by the University of Chicago.
Matrix Representation of Three-Phase N-Winding Transformers for Steady-State and Transient Studies

Detailed transformer representations are needed in the analysis of electromagnetic transients and in the analysis of unbalanced steady-state conditions. This paper describes the derivation of mdels for three- phase and single-phase N-winding transformers in the form of branch impedance or admittance matrices, which can be calculated from available test data of positive and zero sequence short-circuit and excitation tests. The models can be used for many types of studies as long as the frequencies are low enough so that capacitances in the transformer can be ignored. The inclusion of saturation effects is briefly discussed.
Children of Somatically Ill Parents: A Methodological Review

The children of seriously ill parents are at risk for emotional disturbances. This review covers five former reviews, three theoretical articles, five case studies and 39 sample studies from the last 15 years. Methodological problems and shortcomings of previously published studies are discussed in detail. Based on former reviews and theoretical approaches, a developmental framework for children’s adaptation processes is elaborated. Empirical studies are analysed with a differentiation of how various results were correlated with the types of parental diseases and children’s age groups studied, as well as with various methodological designs and instruments applied. It appeared evident that children of seriously ill parents had higher scores on symptom scales than did controls, with a tendency towards internalizing symptomatology. In several studies, adolescent daughters of ill mothers appeared to be at highest risk for maladjustment. Ill parents’ subjective perception of their impairment predicted children’s symptoms better than the objective degree of severity of their disease. Although subgroups of children adjusted well, covariant protective mechanisms could not be clearly identified. In conclusion, suggestions for further research include ethical standards, a profound theoretical framework for any hypothesis to be tested, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology, the integration of the child’s subjective dimension by semi-structured or open interviews, and the consideration of coping as a process through longitudinal designs.
Diagnosing skin disease in primary care: a qualitative study of GPs' approaches.

BACKGROUND Skin diseases are a common reason for consulting a GP. This regular occurrence happens despite most GPs' lack of knowledge and training in skin disease. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore different diagnostic approaches of GPs in patients presenting with a dermatological problem. In addition, we aimed to identify strategies used by GPs to handle diagnostic uncertainty in these patients. METHODS We conducted interviews (20-40 minutes) with 14 GPs using a semi-structured guideline. Recalling encounters with patients with skin disease, GPs described their individual diagnostic strategies. Interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative analysis was conducted by two independent raters using a deductive-inductive approach. RESULTS We identified several aspects of a complex decision-making process in GPs' diagnostic management of patients with dermatological problems. In the general diagnostic workup, GPs used a broad spectrum of different strategies such as spot diagnosis, stepwise refinement, pattern recognition trigger or test of treatment. GPs reduced diagnostic uncertainty through the identification of red flags, the application of the test of time, therapeutic trials and asking for further advice, including patient referral. CONCLUSIONS GPs encounter a broad range of dermatological problems in their daily work using a variety of strategies in the workup of these patients. However, in a significant number of patients, there remains diagnostic uncertainty that is mainly reduced by specialist referral. Regular training in the diagnosis and treatment of common dermatological diseases should be offered to all GPs.
Optimal Deadlines for Agreements

Costly delay in negotiations can induce the negotiating parties to be more forthcoming with their information and improve the quality of the collective decision. Imposing a deadline may result in stalling, in which players at some point stop making concessions but switch back to conceding at the end, or a deadlock, in which concessions end permanently. Extending the deadline hurts the players in the flrst case but is beneflcial in the second. When the initial con∞ict between the negotiating parties is intermediate, the optimal deadline is positive and flnite, and is characterized by the shortest time that would allow e-cient information aggregation in equilibrium.
IPOS Sutherland Memorial Lecture: An international perspective on the development of psychosocial oncology: overcoming cultural and attitudinal barriers to improve psychosocial care

Around the world, traditionally the diagnosis of cancer and its prognosis was withheld from patients for centuries, due to the stigma and fears attached to it. This custom of ‘never telling’ precluded talking with patients about their feelings and how they were coping with illness and the threat of death. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, patient's right of access to information, coupled with the diminished stigma attached to cancer, encouraged physicians into a more open dialogue. In the majority of countries today, patients learn their diagnosis and know their treatment options. This change permitted the first formal psychosocial studies of patients in the 1950s, and the beginning of research into coping and development of interventions to improve quality of life. However, a second independent stigma, also present for centuries, has persisted: the stigma associated with mental disorders (even in the context of severe physical illness). This prejudice about mental problems has been a barrier to the integration of the psychosocial domain into total cancer care; the identification of patients who are distressed; and, patient's acceptance of psychological help. Despite these barriers, psychosocial oncology has developed worldwide, with a small, but active cadre of investigators and clinicians engaging in clinical, educational and research aspects of psycho‐oncology. The International Psycho‐Oncology Society (IPOS), since 1984, has brought them together. The Sutherland Memorial Lecture has honored nine individuals from five countries who have made major contributions to the field: 1982, Avery Weisman; 1984, Bernard Fox; 1987, Morton Bard; 1991, Margit von Kerekjarto; 1993, Ned Cassem; 1996, Steven Greer; 1998, Hiroomi Kawano; 2000, Robert Zittoun; and 2003, Jimmie Holland. The scientific base for psychosocial oncology is now secure with a body of knowledge, textbooks and journals which have led to the development of evidence–based clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial services in several countries. A benchmark now exists against which care can be monitored and accountability established. The next 25 years will see an improvement in the psychosocial care of patients, based on research that gives a scientific basis for interventions, and a reduction in the barriers to psychosocial care in cancer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Becoming Farmers:

Neolithization processes in the Levant differed from those in Europe. A major population growth was already occurring in the former at the onset of the Late Glacial Maximum. Population growth was not linear but rather reflected local circumstances, both external and internal. In addition to changing environmental conditions, the social implications of growth in community sizes within specific areas should be taken into account. The solutions and mechanisms that people devised during the transition to agriculture in order to counter the stresses stemming from those developments pertain to the tempo and scope of the changes as well as to endemic traditions.
Models of Galaxies with Central Black Holes: Adiabatic Growth in Spherical Galaxies

We add black holes to nonrotating, spherical galaxy models, with the assumption that the black-hole growth is slow compared with the dynamical time but fast compared with the relaxation time. The outcome differs depending on whether the core of the initial galaxy does or does not resemble that of an isothermal sphere. For the isothermal case the previously-known results are confirmed and sharpened: the black hole induces cusps in the density ($\rho\sim r^{-3/2}$) and velocity dispersion ($v^2\sim r^{-1}$), and a tangential anisotropy in the velocity distribution away from the center. For the non-isothermal case the induced density cusp is steeper, and the induced anisotropy is larger and penetrates right to the center. The cusp around the black hole is insensitive to anisotropy in the initial velocity distribution, and also to the origin of the black hole, unless its mass comes exclusively from the stars of lowest angular momentum, in which case the cusp is suppressed. We discuss the implications for the interpretation of evidence for massive black holes in galactic nuclei.
Leadership and emerging cultural patterns in a new television station

This longitudinal case study explores cultural patterns in a new British television company, tracking it from its inception into its third year. Qualitative research methods provide evidence to suggest that despite formal leaders’ intentions to achieve control and consensus, organisation members produce their own, diverse interpretations of leaders’ deliberate (and unintentional) messages. By drawing on inherited expectations and professional associations, members construct their own cultural worlds. Yet, the same professional norms and associations, which the literature suggests are salient in all media organisations, also provide legitimacy for individual leaders’ actions and therefore reinforce their cultural integrating role. Therefore, it is suggested that although organisation members are active in shaping culture, leaders of new media organisations of this nature are significant as sources of cultural cohesion, division and ambiguity, and thus they are influential in encouraging the formation of complex cultural patterns.
Adaptation of Opossum Kidney Cells to Luminal Phosphate: Effects of Phosphonoformic Acid and Kinase Inhibitors

Background/Aims: Renal reabsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi) is mediated by SLC34 and SLC20 Na+/Pi-cotransporters the abundance of which is under hormonal control. Extracellular Pi itself also regulates the expression of cotransporters and the concentration of Pi-regulating hormones, though the signaling pathways are largely unknown. Here, we explored the mechanisms that allow renal proximal cells to adapt to changes in the concentration of Pi. Methods: opossum kidney (OK) cells, a model of proximal epithelia, were incubated with different concentrations of Pi in the absence/presence of phosphonoformic acid (PFA), a Pi-analogue and SLC34-inhibitor, and of inhibitors of kinases involved in hormonal control of Pi-homeostasis; cells cultured in normal media were treated with uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Then, the intracellular concentration of ATP and/or the Pi-transport capacity of the cultures were analyzed. Results: luminal Pi regulates the Pi-transport and the intracellular ATP levels. Changes in ATP seem secondary to alterations in Pi-transport, rather than ATP acting as a signal. Adaptation of Pi-transport to high Pi was not mimicked by PFA. Transport adaptation was blocked by PFA but not by kinase inhibitors. Conclusions: in OK cells, adaptation of Pi-transport to luminal Pi does not depend on the same signaling pathways involved in hormonal regulation.
Greater Diversity of Shiga Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophage Insertion Sites among Escherichia coli O157:H7 Isolates from Cattle than in Those from Humans

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli O157:H7, a zoonotic human pathogen for which domestic cattle are a reservoir host, produces a Shiga toxin(s) (Stx) encoded by bacteriophages. Chromosomal insertion sites of these bacteriophages define three principal genotypes (clusters 1 to 3) among clinical isolates of E. coli O157:H7. Stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site genotypes of 282 clinical and 80 bovine isolates were evaluated. A total of 268 (95.0%) of the clinical isolates, but only 41 (51.3%) of the bovine isolates, belonged to cluster 1, 2, or 3 (P < 0.001). Thirteen additional genotypes were identified in isolates from both cattle and humans (four genotypes), from only cattle (seven genotypes), or from only humans (two genotypes). Two other markers previously associated with isolates from cattle or with clinical isolates showed similar associations with genotype groups within bovine isolates; the tir allele sp-1 and the Q933W allele were under- and overrepresented, respectively, among cluster 1 to 3 genotypes. Stx-encoding bacteriophage insertion site typing demonstrated that there is broad genetic diversity of E. coli O157:H7 in the bovine reservoir and that numerous genotypes are significantly underrepresented among clinical isolates, consistent with the possibility that there is reduced virulence or transmissibility to humans of some bovine E. coli O157:H7 genotypes.
[Association of NQO1 Polymorphism with Multiple Myeloma Risk in Koreans.].

BACKGROUND NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an important enzyme in the metabolism of xenobiotics. NQO1 (609)C --> T (NQO1*2) has been reported to be associated with reduced enzyme activity, benzene-induced hematotoxicity, and acute leukemia. Incidences of multiple myeloma show interethnic variation and exposure to asbestos, petroleum products, and diesel exhaust is a risk factor for multiple myeloma. We studied the associations of NQO1 polymorphism with multiple myeloma risk, stage, and prognostic factors (hemoglobin, calcium, beta(2)-microglobulin, M-protein and creatinine). METHODS The frequency of NQO1 polymorphism was investigated in 117 myeloma patients and 166 controls. NQO1 genetic polymorphism was determined by TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Prognostic factors were obtained from the patients' medical records. RESULTS The frequencies of the NQO1*1/*1, *1/*2, and *2/*2 genotypes were 31.6%, 63.2%, and 5.1% in the patients, whereas the respective figures in the controls were 31.9%, 48.3%, and 19,9%. The frequency of NQO1*2/*2 was significantly lower in patients than in controls and the odds ratio (OR) was 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.68) to NQO1*1/*1 genotype, indicating a decreased risk for multiple myeloma. There were no significant differences in tumor stages and other prognostic factors among NQO1 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS A risk for multiple myeloma decreased in NQO1*2/*2 genotype in Koreans. We report, for the first time, that NQO1 polymorphism is associated with multiple myeloma risk.
The Stewart approach--one clinician's perspective.

Peter Stewart added controversy to an already troubled subject when he entered the clinical acid-base arena. His approach puts water dissociation at the centre of the acid-base status of body fluids. It is based on six simultaneous equations, incorporating the Laws of Mass Action, Mass Conservation, and Electrical Neutrality. Together with Gibbs-Donnan equilibria, these equations explain the diagnostically important PaCO(2)/pH relationship, and improve understanding of the physiologic basis of traditional acid-base approaches. Spin-offs have included new scanning tools for unmeasured ions, in particular the 'strong ion gap' and 'net unmeasured ions'. The most controversial feature is the designation of pH and bicarbonate concentrations as dependent variables, answerable exclusively to three independent variables. These are the strong ion difference (SID), the total concentration of non-volatile weak acid (A(TOT)), and PCO(2). Aspects of this assertion conflict with traditional renal physiology, and with current models of membrane H(+)/base transporters, oxidative phosphorylation, and proton and bicarbonate ionophores. The debate in this area is ongoing. Meanwhile, Stewart-style diagnostic and decision support systems such as the 'Strong Ion Calculator' and the web-site www.acidbase. org are now appearing.
Mutant NDUFS3 subunit of mitochondrial complex I causes Leigh syndrome

Respiratory chain complex I deficiency represents a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases resulting from mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes. Mutations have been reported in 13 of the 14 subunits encoding the core of complex I (seven mitochondrial and six nuclear genes) and these result in Leigh or Leigh-like syndromes or cardiomyopathy. In this study, a combination of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography and sequence analysis was used to study the NDUFS3 gene in a series of complex I deficient patients. Mutations found in this gene (NADH dehydrogenase iron-sulphur protein 3), coding for the seventh and last subunit of complex I core, were shown to cause late onset Leigh syndrome, optic atrophy, and complex I deficiency. A biochemical diagnosis of complex I deficiency on cultured amniocytes from a later pregnancy was confirmed through the identification of disease causing NDUFS3 mutations in these cells. While mutations in the NDUFS3 gene thus result in Leigh syndrome, a dissimilar clinical phenotype is observed in mutations in the NDUFV2 and NDUFS2 genes, resulting in encephalomyopathy and cardiomyopathy. The reasons for these differences are uncertain.
Challenges in Resource and Cost Allocation

Many models and mechanisms in resource and cost allocation have been developed that are simple and abstract. By means of two case studies, I argue that it is now timely to consider richer models for the fair division of resources and for the allocation of costs. Such models should have features like asynchronicity which reflect more of the true complexity of many fair division and cost allocation problems met in the real world. I suggest that computation can be used in such models to increase both efficiency and fairness of the allocations. As a result, we may be able to do more with fewer resources and greater fairness.