Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lower Bounds for Non-Commutative Skew Circuits

Nisan (STOC 1991) exhibited a polynomial which is computable by linear sized noncommutative circuits but requires exponential sized non-commutative algebraic branching programs. Nisan’s hard polynomial is in fact computable by linear sized skew circuits (skew circuits are circuits where every multiplication gate has the property that all but one of its children is an input variable or a scalar). We prove that any non-commutative skew circuit which computes the square of the polynomial defined by Nisan must have exponential size. As a further step towards proving exponential lower bounds for general non-commutative circuits, we also extend our techniques to prove an exponential lower bound for a class of circuits which is a restriction of general non-commutative circuits and a generalization of non-commutative skew circuits. More precisely, we consider non-commutative circuits of small non-skew depth, which denotes the maximum number of non-skew gates on any path from the output gate to an input gate. We show that for any k < d, there is an explicit polynomial of degree d over n variables that has non-commutative circuits of polynomial size but such that any circuit with non-skew depth k must have size at least n. It is not hard to see that any polynomial of degree d that has polynomial size circuits has a polynomial-sized circuit with non-skew depth d. Hence, our results should be interpreted as proving lower bounds for the class of circuits with non-trivially small non-skew depth. As far as we know, this is the strongest model of non-commutative computation for which we have superpolynomial lower bounds.
Revisiting the Clopidogrel-Proton Pump Inhibitor Interaction: From Bench to Bedside.

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 antagonist represents the mainstay of therapy for prevention of ischemic events in high-risk patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and in those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Over the last 2 decades, the arsenal of antithrombotic agents available to clinicians has rapidly expanded, contributing to step-wise declines in cardiovascular mortality after ACS and PCI.1 In this setting, clinically significant bleeding complications, particularly gastrointestinal bleeding, remain a major barrier to intensifying antiplatelet inhibition.2 Strategies to attenuate this excess gastrointestinal risk are limited. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been demonstrated to reduce gastrointestinal bleeding3 and patient-reported dyspepsia4 in patients receiving DAPT. As such, gastroprotection with PPIs in patients requiring DAPT at high risk for bleeding events is supported by consensus guidelines.5,6 See Article by Weisz et al Clopidogrel remains the most widely prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor worldwide, largely related to clinician familiarity and affordability. Given frequent co-administration of clopidogrel and PPI therapy, their common hepatic metabolism, and the consequences of suboptimal therapeutic effects, clarifying a possible adverse pharmacological interaction between these agents has been an ongoing substantial research effort. Indeed, regulatory agencies have issued formal statements highlighting the potential safety hazards of concurrent use of clopidogrel and certain PPIs (namely, omeprazole and esomeprazole). Despite new data generated in this space and increased attention from regulatory and research fronts, it remains unclear whether the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between clopidogrel and PPIs has any real-world clinical implications. PPIs may reduce the availability of the biologically active metabolite of clopidogrel by competitively inhibiting cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19), one of the isozymes responsible for the step-wise hepatic oxidation and subsequent hydroxylation of the thienopyridine prodrug.7 Heterogeneity exists in the inhibitory effects of specific PPIs on CYP2C19 isozymes. …
Condemning Self, Condemning Other: Blame and Mental Health in Women Suffering Stillbirth

Every year around the globe there are more than two million stillbirths, yet stillbirth is generally treated as a non-event, considered less impactful than the death of a live-born child. In up to 60 percent of third-trimester stillbirths, the causes of death were attributed to maternal conditions or were "undetermined. " As a result, mothers blame themselves or specific others. This analysis set out to determine how the attitudes of 2,232 bereaved mothers predict their mental health outcomes measuring depressive and anxious symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL). Of the women sampled, 24.6% reported blaming themselves, and 42.3% reported elevated HSCL mean scores. Self-blame in particular is correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Multivariate analyses predicting elevated HSCL scores demonstrated the importance of time after death, level of education, and reported abuse during pregnancy in the models, as did self-blame and blaming others. Controlling for other demographic and pregn.
Macitentan, a Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, in Combination with Temozolomide Leads to Glioblastoma Regression and Long-term Survival in Mice

Purpose: The objective of the study was to determine whether astrocytes and brain endothelial cells protect glioma cells from temozolomide through an endothelin-dependent signaling mechanism and to examine the therapeutic efficacy of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, macitentan, in orthotopic models of human glioblastoma. Experimental Design: We evaluated several endothelin receptor antagonists for their ability to inhibit astrocyte- and brain endothelial cell–induced protection of glioma cells from temozolomide in chemoprotection assays. We compared survival in nude mice bearing orthotopically implanted LN-229 glioblastomas or temozolomide-resistant (LN-229Res and D54Res) glioblastomas that were treated with macitentan, temozolomide, or both. Tumor burden was monitored weekly with bioluminescence imaging. The effect of therapy on cell division, apoptosis, tumor-associated vasculature, and pathways associated with cell survival was assessed by immunofluorescent microscopy. Results: Only dual endothelin receptor antagonism abolished astrocyte- and brain endothelial cell–mediated protection of glioma cells from temozolomide. In five independent survival studies, including temozolomide-resistant glioblastomas, 46 of 48 (96%) mice treated with macitentan plus temozolomide had no evidence of disease (P < 0.0001), whereas all mice in other groups died. In another analysis, macitentan plus temozolomide therapy was stopped in 16 mice after other groups had died. Only 3 of 16 mice eventually developed recurrent disease, 2 of which responded to additional cycles of macitentan plus temozolomide. Macitentan downregulated proteins associated with cell division and survival in glioma cells and associated endothelial cells, which enhanced their sensitivity to temozolomide. Conclusions: Macitentan plus temozolomide are well tolerated, produce durable responses, and warrant clinical evaluation in glioblastoma patients. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4630–41. ©2015 AACR.
The Effect of Hearing Loss on the Vocal Features of Children

gender. Patients and Methods: The current study was a comparative cross-sectional descriptive analysis of primary school students with severe to deep hearing loss disorder (n = 17) and normal students (n = 17) of the same age and gender. Data were collected using Speech Studio software and Laryngograph apparatus. To compare parameters between the two groups T-test (P < 0.05) was performed. Results: The mean of fundamental frequency for the hearing loss children and the control group were 323.04 Hz and 267.53 Hz, jitter 10.05% and 1.52%, shimmer 17.24 and 5.07, silence duration 29.40% and 17.02%, friction duration 17.55% and 34.52% and vocalization duration 14.71% and 28.65%, and vocal cords contact quality index 39.93% and 47.77%, respectively. Conclusions: Significant difference in the fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, silence duration, friction duration, vocalization duration, and vocal cords contact quality index between the two groups was observed (P < 0.01).
Hungarian in focus

Katalin É. Kiss,The syntax of Hungarian (Cambridge Syntax Guides). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+278. László Varga,Intonation and stress: evidence from Hungarian. Houndmills: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002. Pp. xvii+229. László Hunyadi,Hungarian sentence prosody and universal grammar. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2002. Pp. 328. It seems it's harvest time in Hungarian linguistics: a number of respectable publishers have in recent years put out books on various aspects of the Hungarian language by authors working in or outside Hungary. In addition to the monographs under review here, one can mention Szabolcsi (1997), Kenesei, Vago & Fenyvesi (1998), Koopman & Szabolcsi (2000) or Siptár & Törkenczy (2000).
Identification of RanBP 9/10 as Interacting Partners for Protein Kinase C γ / δ and the D 1 Dopamine Receptor: regulation of PKC-mediated receptor phosphorylation Molecular

We previously reported that ethanol treatment regulates D 1 receptor phosphorylation and signaling in a PKC δ and PKC γ -dependent fashion by a mechanism that may involve PKC isozyme-specific interacting proteins. Using a PKC isozyme-specific coimmunoprecipitation approach coupled to mass spectrometry, we report the identification of RanBP9 and RanBP10 as novel interacting proteins for both PKC γ , and PKC δ . Both RanBP9 and RanBP10 were found to specifically co-immunoprecipitate with both PKC γ and PKC δ; however, this association did not appear to mediate the ethanol regulation of the PKCs. Interestingly, the D 1 receptor was also found to specifically co-immunopreciptate with RanBP9/10 from HEK293T cells and with endogenous RanBP9 from rat kidney. RanBP9 and RanBP10 were also found to co-localize at the cellular level with the D 1 receptor in both kidney and brain tissue. Although over-expression of RanBP9 or RanBP10 in HEK293T cells did not appear to alter the kinase activities of either PKC δ or PKC γ , both RanBP proteins regulated D 1 receptor phosphorylation and signaling, as well as expression in the case of RanBP9. Specifically, over-expression of either RanBP9 or RanBP10 enhanced basal D 1 receptor phosphorylation, which was associated with attenuation of D 1 receptor-stimulated cAMP accumulation. Moreover, treatment of cells with select PKC inhibitors blocked the RanBP9/10-dependent increase in basal receptor phosphorylation suggesting that phosphorylation of the receptor by PKC is regulated by RanBP9/10. These data support the idea that RanBP9 and RanBP10 may function as signaling integrators and dictate the efficient regulation of D 1 receptor signaling by PKC δ and PKC γ .
Making ‘Anti-Social Behaviour’: A Fragment on the Evolution of ‘ASBO Politics’ in Britain

The British Association of Social Workers has actively opposed Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs). It is the contention of this article that there is a pressing need to inter rogate factors which are influencing and driving the ASBO agenda during the period of New Labour in Britain. The discussion begins by referring to the significance of key words and phrases in social work and social policy. This is followed by an examination of the recent (re)appearance of concern about 'anti-social behaviour'. A critical over view of the White Paper Respect and Responsibility: Taking a Stand against Anti-Social Behaviour (Home Office, 2003a) is then provided. It is then argued that Tony Blair and former home secretary, David Blunkett, played distinctive roles in creating Britain's ASBO politics. This, moreover, is a politics which potentially narrows social work's role and purpose.
Effect of oral iron supplementation on unstimulated salivary flow rate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND No treatment is known to permanently increase salivary flow in patients with hyposalivation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of iron supplementation on salivary flow rate. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 50 individuals with a low unstimulated whole salivary flow rate and low serum ferritin. Half the individuals received 60 mg iron orally twice a day for 3 months, while the other half received placebo. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between the groups after treatment for the unstimulated flow rate and in the subjective assessments of oral dryness. The serum ferritin values increased significantly in the iron group but not in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Oral supplementation with iron for 3 months has no effect on salivary flow rate among individuals with hyposalivation and low serum ferritin values.
PMWare: a middleware for discovering and managing places of human interest

Most of the contextual dependent applications require high level location attributes in terms of places and routes, more than just fine-grained latitude and longitude. Currently, these applications perform place discovery and recognition in an isolated manner with very little coordination and collaboration with each other. This approach is inhibiting for the application developer as well as the endmobile user, as former has to write redundant and undesirable code for place discovery and the latter's device is subjected to redundant sensing, processing, storage, and higher energy consumption. In this paper we present a novel framework PMWare, which is a middleware that caters to place and route sensing needs of 3rd party applications in a unified and integrated manner. It provides an end-to-end service from sensing user's location to discovering high-level location attributes while providing interfaces for managing and storing large-scale human mobility patterns. PMWare handles the energy-accuracy tradeoff and uses triggered-sensing approach to reduce battery consumption. To demonstrate the end-to-end working of our middleware, we developed an application PlaceADs that uses place visiting history of a person to push relevant advertisements. We deployed this application among 16 participants in real-world to check the effectiveness of PMWare.
Semi-supervised learning improves gene expression-based prediction of cancer recurrence

MOTIVATION Gene expression profiling has shown great potential in outcome prediction for different types of cancers. Nevertheless, small sample size remains a bottleneck in obtaining robust and accurate classifiers. Traditional supervised learning techniques can only work with labeled data. Consequently, a large number of microarray data that do not have sufficient follow-up information are disregarded. To fully leverage all of the precious data in public databases, we turned to a semi-supervised learning technique, low density separation (LDS). RESULTS Using a clinically important question of predicting recurrence risk in colorectal cancer patients, we demonstrated that (i) semi-supervised classification improved prediction accuracy as compared with the state of the art supervised method SVM, (ii) performance gain increased with the number of unlabeled samples, (iii) unlabeled data from different institutes could be employed after appropriate processing and (iv) the LDS method is robust with regard to the number of input features. To test the general applicability of this semi-supervised method, we further applied LDS on human breast cancer datasets and also observed superior performance. Our results demonstrated great potential of semi-supervised learning in gene expression-based outcome prediction for cancer patients. CONTACT bing.zhang@vanderbilt.edu. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Shifting Self, Shifting Memory: Testing the Self-Memory System Model With Hypnotic Identity Delusions

Abstract According to Conway's self-memory system (SMS) model, autobiographical memories may be facilitated, inhibited, or misremembered to be consistent with current self. In 3 experiments, the authors tested this by hypnotically suggesting an identity delusion and indexing whether this shift in self produced a corresponding shift in autobiographical memory. High hypnotizable participants displayed a compelling identity delusion and elicited specific autobiographical events that they could justify when challenged. These memories were reinterpretations of previous experiences that supported the suggested identity. Importantly, autobiographical memories that were no longer consistent with the hypnotically deluded self were less accessible than other memories. The authors discuss these findings in the context of Conway's SMS model and propose 2 accounts of autobiographical remembering during hypnotic and clinical delusions.
Ecology of the Microbial Community Removing Phosphate from Wastewater under Continuously Aerobic Conditions in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

ABSTRACT All activated sludge systems for removing phosphate microbiologically are configured so the biomass is cycled continuously through alternating anaerobic and aerobic zones. This paper describes a novel aerobic process capable of decreasing the amount of phosphate from 10 to 12 mg P liter−1 to less than 0.1 mg P liter−1 (when expressed as phosphorus) over an extended period from two wastewaters with low chemical oxygen demand. One wastewater was synthetic, and the other was a clarified effluent from a conventional activated sludge system. Unlike anaerobic/aerobic enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) processes where the organic substrates and the phosphate are supplied simultaneously to the biomass under anaerobic conditions, in this aerobic process, the addition of acetate, which begins the feed stage, is temporally separated from the addition of phosphate, which begins the famine stage. Conditions for establishing this process in a sequencing batch reactor are detailed, together with a description of the changes in poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and poly(P) levels in the biomass occurring under the feed and famine regimes, which closely resemble those reported in anaerobic/aerobic EBPR processes. Profiles obtained with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis were very similar for communities fed both wastewaters, and once established, these communities remained stable over prolonged periods of time. 16S rRNA-based clone libraries generated from the two communities were also very similar. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)/microautoradiography and histochemical staining revealed that “Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis” bacteria were the dominant poly(P)-accumulating organisms (PAO) in both communities, with the phenotype expected for PAO. FISH also identified large numbers of betaproteobacterial Dechloromonas and alphaproteobacterial tetrad-forming organisms related to Defluviicoccus in both communities, but while these organisms assimilated acetate and contained intracellular PHA during the feed stages, they never accumulated poly(P) during the cycles, consistent with the phenotype of glycogen-accumulating organisms.
Disentangling the Meanings of Diversity and Inclusion in Organizations

Given the emergence of a new rhetoric in the field of diversity, which replaces the term diversity with the term inclusion, this study comparatively investigates the meanings of diversity and inclusion in organizations. The findings of Study 1, which used a qualitative methodology to explore the construct definitions and to derive a measure of attributes to support diversity and inclusion, revealed conceptually distinct definitions. The reliability and factor structure of the scale was evaluated in Study 2 and cross-validated in Study 3. The results supported a five-factor model of diversity and inclusion and suggest a distinction between the concepts, although the terms may not describe separate types of work environments but different approaches to diversity management.
Development and Validation of a Functional Fitness Test for Community-Residing Older Adults

Preventing or delaying the onset of physical frailty is an increasingly important goal because more individuals are living well into their 8th and 9th decades. We describe the development and validation of a functional fitness test battery that can assess the physiologic parameters that support physical mobility in older adults. The procedures involved in the test development were (a) developing a theoretical framework for the test items, (b) establishing an advisory panel of experts, (c) determining test selection criteria, (d) selecting the test items, and (e) establishing test reliability and validity. The complete battery consists of 6 items (and one alternative) designed to assess the physiologic parameters associated with independent functioning—lower and upper body strength, aerobic endurance, lower and upper body flexibility, and agility/dynamic balance. We also assessed body mass index as an estimate of body composition. We concluded that the tests met the established criteria for scientific rigo.
Psychological adjustment in caregivers of school-age children infected with HIV: stress, coping, and family factors.

OBJECTIVE To assess for significant differences in psychological functioning between caregivers of HIV-infected children and caregivers of healthy children, and to examine the utility of applying a stress and coping model to caregivers of children with HIV disease. METHODS Participants included caregivers of HIV-infected children (n = 36) and caregivers of a demographically matched control group of healthy children (n = 32). During their child's pediatric clinic visits, caregivers completed measures of psychological adjustment, stress, coping style, and family resources and support. They also completed a measure of their child's psychological adjustment. RESULTS Caregiver psychological distress scores did not significantly differ between the HIV and control groups, and clinically significant rates of psychological distress were reported by more than a third of caregivers in both groups. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that independent of their child's illness status, stress and coping style were significant predictors of caregiver's psychological adjustment. In addition, caregiver psychological distress was a significant predictor of children's maladjustment. CONCLUSIONS High rates of psychological distress were observed in caregivers of children with HIV disease; however, similarly high rates of psychological adjustment problems were found in caregivers of healthy children. Caregivers who reported high levels of daily stress and emotion-focused coping styles tended to report more psychological distress. Further, caregivers who reported more psychological distress also reported more internalizing and more externalizing behavior problems in their children, regardless of the child's illness status. These findings reflect the impact of poverty and environmental stress on caregivers' adjustment.
Effects of Visual Display Terminal Works on Cervical Movement Pattern in Patients with Neck Pain

[Purpose] This study examined changes in the onset of neck movement in young adults with and without mild neck pain (MNP) during visual display terminal (VDT) work. [Subjects] Ten control subjects and 10 subjects with MNP who were VDT workers were recruited. The upper (UC) and lower cervical (LC) spine angles in the sagittal plane were collected using an ultrasound-based motion analysis system during VDT work for 5 min. [Results] The MNP group had faster movement initiation in the UC and LC compared with the control group during VDT work. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that young adults with MNP should be cautious when performing VDT work while sitting.