Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of procainamide on conduction in anisotropic canine ventricular myocardium.

Although conduction velocity in cardiac tissue is dependent on fiber orientation, the influence of commonly used antiarrhythmic agents on conduction longitudinal and transverse to such fibers is unknown. We evaluated the effects of procainamide on conduction velocity and intracellular potentials in vitro during conduction longitudinal and transverse to fiber orientation in epicardial strips obtained from areas of uniform fiber orientation from 15 adult mongrel dogs. Ventricular epicardial strips demonstrated marked anisotropy. At a pacing cycle length of 1000 msec, mean conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation averaged 0.602 +/- 0.051 m/sec and mean conduction velocity transverse to fiber orientation was 0.186 +/- 0.024 m/sec, resulting in a ratio of longitudinal to transverse conduction velocities of (theta L/T) 3.27 +/- 0.38. After the addition of procainamide, conduction velocity decreased to 0.532 +/- 0.062 m/sec longitudinal to fiber orientation and to 0.174 +/- 0.023 m/sec transverse to fiber orientation resulting in a decrease of theta L/T to 3.09 +/- 0.37 (p less than .05 vs control). Before the addition of procainamide, when pacing at progressively shorter cycle lengths, conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation was relatively unchanged, whereas conduction velocity transverse to fiber orientation decreased resulting in an increase in theta L/T. After the addition of procainamide, conduction velocity at shorter pacing cycle lengths decreased both longitudinal and transverse to fiber orientation demonstrating the well-known use-dependent effect of procainamide. However, in contrast to control conditions, conduction velocity longitudinal to fiber orientation was slowed by a greater extent than the conduction transverse to fiber orientation, resulting in an even greater decrease in theta L/T. To investigate the effect of differences in drug binding during propagation in different directions, we examined conduction velocity during alternations in pacing direction and compared it with velocity during steady-state pacing. At a pacing cycle length of 1000 msec, no difference was observed between the initial conduction velocity after changing pacing directions and the steady-state conduction velocity. At pacing cycle lengths shorter than 1000 msec, when changing from transverse to longitudinal conduction, there was an initial drop in normalized conduction velocity that was present on the first beat of longitudinal conduction; however, with continued pacing in a longitudinal direction there was a further decrease in conduction velocity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Laser-induced explosive boiling during nanosecond laser ablation of silicon

The surface morphology of single crystal (100) Si wafers irradiated by 266 nm and 1064 nm laser pulses emitted by a solid state Nd:YAG laser has been investigated. The morphology of the bottom of craters remained flat and almost featureless after 266 nm single or multipulse laser irradiation up to the maximum fluence of 18 J/cm2 used in this study. The rims of the craters showed signs of radial liquid flow but it was apparent that the vaporization process was confined to the surface region. A different morphology was observed on the bottom of the craters formed by the 1064 nm wavelength laser pulses. Because this wavelength is absorbed in volume, (alpha) <104cm-1, a rather thick liquid Si pool formed at the surface. For laser fluences higher than 3-5 J/cm2 evidence of boiling sites were observed on the bottom of the crater, especially for multipulse irradiation. An evolution of surface morphology, from waves towards deep cavity was observed with the increase of pulse number. By analyzing the cavity formation mechanisms, their density and shape, we suggest that they were induced by heterogeneous boiling and not homogeneous boiling.
Key Stroke Profiling for Data Loss Prevention

Data leakage has become a serious problem to many organizations. To provide visibility into what data is confidential and where it's stored, many of current data leakage prevention (DLP) solutions depend on scanning file content. This approach needs the capability of parsing various file formats, but for those unsupported file formats there still exist risks of data breach. To address this issue, this study proposes an active DLP model by hooking on keyboard API to track and profile user key stroke behaviour. This has two major advantages: (1) It can discover sensitive data without parsing file formats, and (2) A data creator can be identified according to his/her key stroke behaviour. Since this model is based on key stroke profiling, it can resolve unsupported file format issue and have the capability of file creator identification.
Sources and sinks of clay minerals on Mars

The recent identification of clay minerals on the Martian surface using visible–near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has had a profound effect on our view of aqueous alteration on Mars. Smectite, chlorite, kaolin group, and serpentine group minerals have been detected using the CRISM and OMEGA spectrometers, with Fe/Mg-smectite and chlorite varieties being the dominant types discovered throughout the ancient crust. Aqueous, eolian, and impact processes have transported and recycled some of these clays such that their current locations may not accurately reflect their formation environments. However, detrital clays could prove useful for constraining transport pathways and sediment provenance. Here we discuss the impact craters and channels that comprise the Uzboi–Ladon–Morava system, including Holden, Eberswalde, and Ladon craters, which represents a large-scale sediment sink for clay minerals derived from the surrounding Noachian crust. This system contains thick deposits of clay mineral-bearing strata that likely record a wide range of alluvial, fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian processes that provide direct insight into the Martian clay cycle. Broad concepts of sediment sources, sinks, and sediment transport paths can be outlined using orbital data, but future in situ exploration of the Martian sedimentary rock record will be necessary to distinguish fully between detrital and authigenic clay minerals, and thus to determine environmental conditions and transitions on ancient Mars.
Transliterated arabic name search

name search for transliterated Arabic given names. In previous work, we addressed similar problems with English and Arabic surnames. In each previous case, we used a variant of Soundex and n-grams to improve precision and recall of name matching compared against well known approaches such as the Russell Soundex algorithm. Unlike prior work, the proposed approach does not rely upon Soundex algorithms. We experiment with combinations of n-grams of varying lengths. Our previous work focused on two character n-grams. As with our prior work, this approach uses standard SQL and remains portable to different relational database engines, demonstrated by implementing test in SQLAnywhere and Teradata environments.
Tuning the Shear Modulus of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube by Feeding Van Der Waals Molecules

Torsional buckling of single-walled carbon nanotubes filled with light weight molecular via molecular dynamics is reported. The model accounts for the deformation of CNTs, and interactions among gas molecules; between gas and carbon atoms. The effect of particle loading is predicted to significantly change CNT’s critical torsional moment and stiffness. This is therefore an approach by which the torsional mechanical properties and oscillation frequencies of carbon nanotubes may be tuned. Importantly, the predicted changes in torsional siffness are unique relative to conventional linear elastic materials and are indicative of nonlinear oscillations due to nonlinear mechanical effects. CNTs subjects to large deformations reversibly switch into different morphological patterns. Each shape change corresponds to an abrupt release of energy and a singularity in the stress-strain curve. At higher torsional angle, van der Waals (VDW: He, Ar, H2) molecules reveal a stability effect on carbon nanotubes.
eview ibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering rganotypic skin models in vitro

Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchymederived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in “positional identity or memory”. Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in
Cooperative Source Coding with Encoder Breakdown

This paper provides an inner bound to the rate- distortion region of a source coding setup in which two encoders are allowed some collaboration to describe a pair of discrete memoryless sources. We further require some robustness in case one of the encoders breaks down. This is modeled by having a second decoder, observing the messages from only one of the encoders. We prove the tightness of this inner bound for two special cases. In the first, one of the sources is required to be recovered losslessly if there is no encoder breakdown. In the second, the robustness requirement is dropped and only one of the sources is to be represented. For the second case, we explicitly compute the rate-distortion region for the quadratic Gaussian and binary Hamming problems.
External calcium dependence of extensor digitorum longus muscle contractility during bupivacaine‐induced regeneration

The effect of the intramuscular injection of bupivacaine hydrochloride on selected morphological characteristics and contractile properties of adult rat extensor digitorum longus muscle was studied. Recovery of normal fiber size was already present 30 days after bupivacaine injection and at 90 days after injection, values of the normalized twitch tension (mN/mg of tissue) and of the fatigue index approached those measured in control muscle, whereas the normalized tetanic tension remained 57% of control. At 7–30 days postinjection, twitch force was decreased by reducing [Ca2+]0 (substituted by Mg2+) or adding Co2+ (5 mmol/L−1). By contrast, potentiation of the twitch was recorded in the presence of Cd2+ (2 mmol/L−1). Glycerol treatment only reduced, but did not eliminate, twitches developed by muscles 7 days after injection. Present results emphasize the importance of the recovery process in the loss of the susceptibility of the contractile responses to extracellular calcium in bupivacaine‐injected muscles. These data may be of interest in the evaluation of functional aspects of muscles in which injections of viral vector or autologous myoblasts have been performed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Age-Related Changes in the Extracellular Matrix of Nucleus Pulposus and Anulus Fibrosus of Human Intervertebral Disc

Study Design. To characterize age-related changes in the matrix of human intervertebral disc (IVD) specimens, human specimens from the third to the eighth decade of life were collected and analyzed for collagen and proteoglycan (PG) composition. Objective. To identify age-related changes in the concentration of matrix macromolecules (collagen and PGs, including the small leucine-rich PGs biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, and lumican) in human anulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Summary of Background Data. IVD degeneration is associated with changes in the concentration and fragmentation of matrix molecules. Deciphering age-related matrix alterations may help us to better understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying IVD degeneration. Methods. Forty-six whole IVDs were obtained from the thoracolumbar spines (T11–L5) of humans aged between 32 and 80 years. All specimens were classified as Thompson grade 1 or 2 according to MRI criteria. Specimens were separated into (i) outer-and (ii) inner AF, and (iii) NP. DNA, collagen, and PG contents were measured using chemical assays, whereas small nonaggregating PG levels were analyzed by comparative Western blotting. Results. Total PG and collagen contents in both the AF and NP consistently decreased with aging. The concentrations of small nonaggregating PGs varied. In the outer anulus, decorin levels decreased, whereas biglycan and fibromodulin levels increased with age. In the inner anulus and nucleus, biglycan demonstrated a significant increase with aging. These changes differed in most cases from those previously reported for degenerating disc tissues. Conclusion. Collagen and PGs appeared to undergo specific age-related changes in the human IVD. Although the total contents of these 2 families of molecules decreased during aging, individual species of small nonaggregating PGs showed species-specific age-related changes. Interestingly, the level of biglycan rose and remained elevated in all 3 compartments of the disc with aging. The functional significance of these alterations is yet to be determined.
Rapid Emergence of High-Level Resistance to Quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni Associated with Mutational Changes in gyrA and parC

ABSTRACT Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 μg of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in thegyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in theparC product.
Redundant Wavelets on Graphs and High Dimensional Data Clouds

In this paper, we propose a new redundant wavelet transform applicable to scalar functions defined on high dimensional coordinates, weighted graphs and networks. The proposed transform utilizes the distances between the given data points to construct tree-like structures. We modify the filter-bank decomposition scheme of the redundant wavelet transform by adding in each decomposition level operators that reorder the approximation coefficients. These reordering operators are derived by organizing the tree-node features so as to shorten the path that passes through these points. We explore the use of the proposed transform for the recovery of labels defined on point clouds and to image denoising, and show that in both cases the results are promising.
Understanding Hidden Information Security Threats: The Vulnerability Black Market

It has been discovered recently that there is a "black market" for software vulnerabilities. Criminals and terrorists can launch exploits toward organizations before system administrators have had a chance to apply a corrective patch. To counteract this threat, software vendors and security companies have been establishing a legitimate market for software vulnerabilities; they offer rewards for software bugs reported. To explain the basic traits of this phenomenon, we develop a system dynamics model showing the growth of the vulnerability black market. A simple conceptual model is developed and some simulations using the model are implemented to learn whether the attempt to legalize the vulnerability market helps to reduce the vulnerability information circulating in the black market
Tutorial: Illusion of capacity — Challenge of incorporating the complexity of FAB capacity (tool deployment & operating curve) into central planning for firms with substantial non-fab complexity

Since the early 1990s, organizations have focused on making smarter decisions in their integrated supply chain central planning, but the representation of capacity and cycle time has remained static and linear in contrast to its complex nature. This includes central planning for firms with semiconductor fabrication facilities (FABS) as a component of a complex demand supply network(DSN) where much of the complexity is non-FAB. Developing more intelligent solutions for capacity in central planning within computational and process limitations is a critical challenge. For DSNs with FABS, twin challenges are tool deployment and the operating curve. Many in the FAB community are aware of these complexities; options proposed and some implemented within “aggregate FAB planning,” rarely within central planning. This tutorial reviews the current state of central planning with respect to capacity and cycle time, outlines the challenges these complexities place on central planning structures, and indicates possible solutions.
Signal Peptides Having Standard and Nonstandard Cleavage Sites Can Be Processed by Imp1p of the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protease*

We have performed a site-directed mutagenesis study showing that residues comprising the type I signal peptidase signature in the two catalytic subunits of the yeast inner membrane protease, Imp1p and Imp2p, are functionally important, consistent with the idea that these subunits contain a serine/lysine catalytic dyad. Previous studies have shown that Imp1p cleaves signal peptides having asparagine at the −1 position, which deviates from the typical signal peptide possessing a small uncharged amino acid at this position. To determine whether asparagine is responsible for the nonoverlapping substrate specificities exhibited by the inner membrane protease subunits, we have substituted asparagine with 19 amino acids in the Imp1p substrate i-cytochrome (cyt)b 2. The resulting signal peptides containing alanine, serine, cysteine, leucine, and methionine can be cleaved efficiently by Imp1p. The remaining mutant signal peptides are cleaved inefficiently or not at all. Surprisingly, none of the amino acid changes results in the recognition of i-cytb 2 by Imp2p, whose natural substrate,i-cyt c 1, has alanine at the −1 position. The data demonstrate that (i) although the −1 residue is important in substrates recognized by Imp1p, signal peptides having standard and nonstandard cleavage sites can be processed by Imp1p, and (ii) a −1 asparagine does not govern the substrate specificity of the inner membrane protease subunits.
Using collinear points to compute egomotion and detect nonrigidity

A novel approach to computing egomotion and detecting points not moving rigidly with the scene when an observer moves with unrestricted motion is presented. The approach, using collinear image points, is based on an exact method for cancelling effects of the observer's rotation from optic flow. For each point only the component of velocity normal to the direction of the line joining the collinear points is needed. The algorithm is simple, appears robust, and is ideal for parallel implementation. <<ETX>>
Role of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in vascular remodeling and inflammation: a clinical review

The concept of hypertension as primarily a consequence of altered hemodynamics has changed. Many factors are now implicated in the development of hypertensive vascular disease, and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) appears to be one of the most significant. Angiotensin II, the principal effector peptide of the RAAS, has far-reaching effects on vascular structure, growth and fibrosis, and is a key regulator of vascular remodeling and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species and a network of signaling pathways mediate angiotensin II and cellular mechanisms that promote remodeling and inflammation. The involvement of aldosterone in vessel-wall and myocardial remodeling has also come under intensive research scrutiny. Treatments that block the pathologic effects of the RAAS at several points have been shown to limit target-organ damage in hypertension and to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that participate in the early development of hypertensive vascular disease may lead to more targeted treatment and improved outcomes.
A Simple Recursively Computable Lower Bound on the Noncoherent Capacity of Highly Underspread Fading Channels

Real-world wireless communication channels are typically highly underspread: their coherence time is much greater than their delay spread. In such situations, it is common to assume that, with sufficiently high bandwidth, the capacity without channel state information (CSI) at the receiver (termed the noncoherent channel capacity) is approximately equal to the capacity with perfect CSI at the receiver (termed the coherent channel capacity). In this paper, we propose a lower bound on the noncoherent capacity of highly underspread fading channels, which assumes only that the delay spread and coherence time are known. Furthermore, our lower bound can be calculated recursively, with each increment corresponding to a step increase in bandwidth. These properties, we contend, make our lower bound an excellent candidate as a simple method to verify that the noncoherent capacity is indeed approximately equal to the coherent capacity for typical wireless communication applications. We precede the derivation of the aforementioned lower bound on the information capacity with a rigorous justification of the mathematical representation of the channel. Furthermore, we also provide a numerical example for an actual wireless communication channel and demonstrate that our lower bound does indeed approximately equal the coherent channel capacity.
Scheduling Periodic Jobs That Allow Imprecise Results

The problem of scheduling periodic jobs in hard real-time systems that support imprecise computations is discussed. Timing faults are avoided in such systems by making available intermediate, imprecise results of acceptable quality when results of the desired quality cannot be produced on time. Two workload models of imprecise computations are presented. These models differ from traditional models in that a task may be terminated any time after it has produced an acceptable result. Each task is logically decomposed into a mandatory part followed by an optional part. In a feasible schedule, the mandatory part of every task is completed before the deadline of the task. The optional part refines the result produced by the mandatory part to reduce the error in the result. >
Clamshell powder as precursor of bionanofiller in polymeric matrixes

In the current research, clamshell powder has been incorporated as biofiller in three elastomeric matrixes (i.e. natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber). Mechanical properties, curing behaviour and crosslink density of the compounds were evaluated. Through illustration of the shortcomings in the application of this biomaterial, our study sheds light on further applications of this biofiller in polymeric matrixes. Unexpected low specific surface area in consequence of the way of clamshell breakdown during grinding has been found to be the major reason for the observed mechanical properties. A qualitative model has been proposed to gain a better understanding of the clamshell breakdown. The model was confirmed using scanning electron microscope images and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area test. The obtained results demonstrate the necessity of modification of the clamshell and doing more studies in this field.
Universal Biot number determining stress duration and susceptibility of ceramic cylinders to quenching

A universal Biot number, which not only describes the susceptibility of ceramic cylinders to quenching but also determines the duration that ceramic cylinders are subjected to thermal stress during thermal shock, is theoretically obtained. The analysis proves that thermal shock failure of ceramic cylinders with a Biot number greater than the critical value is a rapid process, which only occurs in the initial heat conduction regime. The results provide a guide to the selection of ceramic materials for thermostructural engineering, with particular reference to thermal shock.