Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Q-switched ruby laser treatment of tattoos and benign pigmented skin lesions: a critical review.

The Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm, 25-40 nsec) is an effective and safe therapeutic device for the treatment of tattoos and well-defined, benign, pigmented epidermal and dermal lesions. Because of its selective mode of action, dermal pigments of natural and artificial origin are destroyed photothermically and removed without scar. This method is exceptionally suited for the elimination of lay and professional tattoos, traumatic tattoos, and permanent makeup. Other frequent indications include benign pigmented lesions such as lentigines, freckles, café-au-lait spots, seborrheic keratosis, and Becker nevi. As a dermal pigmented lesion, the nevus of Ota is perfectly treatable. However, chloasma can no longer be considered an indication for ruby laser treatment due to unsatisfactory results. Melanocytic nevi and congenital nevi should be treated only in clinical studies. The effectiveness of the long-term epilation of dark hair with this laser device has to be verified in future investigations. Particularly attractive is the nonproblematic and straightforward removal of pigmented lesions in precarious anatomic regions like the lips, eyelids, and genitals (e.g., benign melanosis of the lips or of the penis, seborrheic keratosis of the lid angle).
Guiding Articulation for Learning at Work: A Case of Reflection

In this paper, we present work on implementing articulation support and means for guiding users for integrating collaborative learning and work. We present a case from the MIRROR project, in which we developed and piloted a tool supporting reflection as a means for learning at work. From the insights of this study, we derive a concept of scaffolding which prompts informal learning if the reflection of work practices is not institutionalized. 1 Collaborative Learning and Work: United, yet apart? Collaborative work and learning have considerable overlaps in terms of methods used to analyze and design learning and work as well as in tools and concepts to support them. This is not grounded in the need for support of group work, but also because (continuous) learning is an integral part of work (1-3). Despite these overlaps communities such as CSCL, TEL and CSCW still de- velop tools and concepts in parallel without making systematic use of conceptual overlaps. In this paper, we focus on the challenges of integrating learning and support of collaborative work with respect to articulation and guidance for users: ∞ Articulation (4): To learn and work together, experiences, knowledge, ra- tionales and perspectives need to be verbalized and exchanged (5). ∞ Guidance, scaffolding and awareness: Both in collaborative learning and work, there has been a lot of research about how to support them and whether this support needs strict guidance, optional scaffolds or just the possibility of mutual awareness for freely controlled coordination (6, 7). The challenge addressed in this paper is how to implement these concepts to integrate working and learning, that is, how to embed learning processes mean- ingfully in the constraints imposed by workplaces and vice versa in order to make learning at work happen. We argue that this has to be done by combining organi- zational measures and technical means into socio-technical processes. This paper illustrates this argument by presenting a case from support of collaborative reflec- tion as a learning mechanism at work taken from ongoing work in the MIRROR research project.
Universitet Men and women respond differently to rapid weight loss

Vestentoft, Pia Siig; Larsen, Thomas Meinert; Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet; Macdonald, Ian; Martinez, J Alfredo; Handjiev, Svetoslav; Poppitt, Sally; Hansen, Sylvia; Ritz, Christian; Astrup, Arne; Pastor-Sanz, Laura; Sandø-Pedersen, Finn; Pietiläinen, Kirsi H; Sundvall, Jouko; Drummen, Mathijs; Taylor, Moira A; Navas-Carretero, Santiago; Handjieva-Darlenska, Teodora; Brodie, Shannon; Silvestre, Marta P; Huttunen-Lenz, Maija; Brand-Miller, Jennie; Fogelholm, Mikael; Raben, Anne
Do Debt Service Costs Affect Macroeconomic and Financial Stability?

Excessive private sector debt can undermine economic stability. In this special feature, we propose the debt service ratio (DSR) as a measure of the financial constraints imposed by private sector indebtedness, and investigate its association with recessions and financial crises. We find that the DSR prior to economic slumps is related to the size of the subsequent output losses. Moreover, the DSR provides a very accurate early warning signal of impending systemic banking crises at horizons of up to one to two years in advance. We conclude that the DSR can serve as a useful supplementary indicator for the build-up of vulnerabilities in the real economy and financial sector.
Extended X-ray emission in the high-redshift quasar GB 1508+5714 at z = 4.3

We report the discovery of extended X-ray emission around the powerful high-redshift quasar GB 1508+5714 at = 4.3, revealed in a long Chandra ACIS observation. The emission feature is 3-4 arcsec away from the quasar core,which corresponds to a projected distance of about 25 kpc. The X-ray spectrum is best fitted with a power law of photon index 1.92 ′ 0.35 (90 per cent confidence limit). The X-ray flux and luminosity reach 9.2 x 10 - 1 5 erg cm - 2 s - 1 (0.5-8 keV) and 1.6 x 10 4 5 erg s - 1 (2.7-42.4 keV rest frame, Ω Λ = 0.73, Ω m = 0.27, H 0 = 71 km s - 1 Mpc - 1 ), which is about 2 per cent of the total X-ray emission of the quasar. We interpret the X-ray emission as inverse Compton scattering of cosmic microwave background photons. The scattering relativistic electron population could either be a quasi-static diffuse cloud fed by the jet, or an outer extension of the jet with a high bulk Lorentz factor. We argue that the lack of an obvious detection of radio emission from the extended component could be a consequence of Compton losses on the electron population, or of a low magnetic field. Extended X-ray emission produced by inverse Compton scattering may be common around high-redshift radio galaxies and quasars, demonstrating that significant power is injected into their surroundings by powerful jets.
Microbial Diversity of a Heavily Polluted Microbial Mat and Its Community Changes following Degradation of Petroleum Compounds

ABSTRACT We studied the microbial diversity of benthic cyanobacterial mats inhabiting a heavily polluted site in a coastal stream (Wadi Gaza) and monitored the microbial community response induced by exposure to and degradation of four model petroleum compounds in the laboratory. Phormidium- and Oscillatoria-like cyanobacterial morphotypes were dominant in the field. Bacteria belonging to different groups, mainly the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteriodes group, the γ and β subclasses of the class Proteobacteria, and the green nonsulfur bacteria, were also detected. In slurry experiments, these communities efficiently degraded phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene completely in 7 days both in the light and in the dark. n-Octadecane and pristane were degraded to 25 and 34% of their original levels, respectively, within 7 days, but there was no further degradation until 40 days. Both cyanobacterial and bacterial communities exhibited noticeable changes concomitant with degradation of the compounds. The populations enriched by exposure to petroleum compounds included a cyanobacterium affiliated phylogenetically with Halomicronema. Bacteria enriched both in the light and in the dark, but not bacteria enriched in any of the controls, belonged to the newly described Holophaga-Geothrix-Acidobacterium phylum. In addition, another bacterial population, found to be a member of green nonsulfur bacteria, was detected only in the bacteria treated in the light. All or some of the populations may play a significant role in metabolizing the petroleum compounds. We concluded that the microbial mats from Wadi Gaza are rich in microorganisms with high biodegradative potential.
TIN AND IRO 2 ELECTRODES VERSUS STANDARD AG / AGCL ELECTRODES FOR NON-INVASIVE EEG APPLICATIONS

⎯ This paper presents the electrical performance and a comparison between different types of electrodes for application in EEG measurements. Sputtered TiN electrodes, standard sintered Ag/AgCl ring electrodes and sputtered IrO2 electrodes were used in a braincap for monitoring the frontopolar position in patients according to the standard configuration 10-20 system. The experimental results show a better performance of the sputtered IrO2 electrodes compared with the standard sintered Ag/AgCl ring electrodes. In all experiments electrolytic gel was used, but the results promise a new opportunity for the application of a dry IrO2 electrode.
Low-Complexity Constant Multiplication Using Carry-Save Arithmetic for High-Speed Digital Filters

In this work we discuss the realization of constant multiplication using a minimum number of carry-save adders. We consider both non-redundant and carry-save representation for the input data. For both cases we present all possible interconnection topologies, using up to six and five adders, respectively. These are sufficient to realize constant multiplications for all coefficients with a wordlength up to 19 bits.
Specific Uptake of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Involved in Growth Control of Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei is lysed by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in a dose-dependent way, involving specific binding of the cytokine to a trypanosomal glycoprotein present in the flagellar pocket of the parasite. TNF-α–gold particles are endocytosed via coated pits and vesicles and are directed towards lysosome-like digestive organelles. The specific uptake of the cytokine by the parasite results in a developmentally regulated loss of osmoregulatory capacity. TNF-α specific lysis is prevented when lysis assays are performed at a temperature <26°C, despite uptake of the cytokine. Inhibition of lysis is also observed when a lysosomotropic agent is added during the first 2 h of incubation. Both monomorphic and pleomorphic trypanosomes are lysed but only when isolated during the peak of parasitaemia. Lysis is not observed with early infection stage parasites or procyclic (insect-specific) forms. Anti– TNF-α treatment of T. brucei-infected mice reveals a dramatic increase in parasitaemia in the blood circulation, the spleen, the lymph nodes, and the peritoneal cavity. These data suggest that in the mammalian host, TNF-α is involved in the growth control of T. brucei.
Evolution of Mobile Software Development from Platform-Specific to Web-Based Multiplatform Paradigm

In this paper, we outline a projection on the trend of using web technologies for creating end-user applications in mobile devices. Following a paradigm shift in the software industry, from only-binary applications to dynamic web applications, mobile web development tools evolve to offer an integral native solution that allows to simplify the soft-ware process and broad its scope to a true, single cross-platform development effort. Soon, mobile web development tools will be preferred by designers and programmers thanks to their versatility, economy and usefulness, less dependent on specific platforms and SDKs, while fully functional and reliable in comparison to their binary counterparts.
Does the retirement consumption puzzle differ across the distribution?

Previous research has repeatedly found a puzzling one-time drop in the mean and median of consumption at retirement, contrary to the predictions of the life-cycle hypothesis. However, very little is known as to whether these effects vary across the consumption distribution. This study expands upon the previous work by examining changes in the consumption distribution between the non-retired and the retired using quantile regression techniques on pseudo-cohorts from the cross-sectional data of the 1990–2007 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The results indicate that there are insignificant changes between these groups at the lower end of the consumption distribution, while there are significant decreases at the higher end of this distribution. In addition, these changes in the distribution are gradually larger in magnitude when moving from the lower end to the higher end, which is found using several different measures of consumption. Work-related expenditures are instead shown to decrease uniformly across the consumption distribution. This evidence reveals that there is a progressive distributional component to the retirement consumption puzzle.
Stress Fluctuations for Continuously Sheared Granular Materials.

Experiments on continuously sheared granular materials (glass spheres) with diameters 1.0 # d # 5 mm show large fluctuations in the normal stress, sstd. Experiments are carried out in an annular Couette geometry for rotation rates 0.003 , U u , 1 radys. Power spectra from sstd, Psvd, show rate invariance in the fluctuations: U uPsvd is a function only of vy U u, independent of U u. U uPsvd depends relatively weakly on d. The distributions of stresses rs are similar to recent predictions for static arrays, but the width of rs varies only weakly with d, suggesting stronger spatial correlation effects than expected from theory. [S0031-9007(96)01367-1]
Investment Decisions and Financial Standing of Portuguese Firms

Classic macroeconomic models do not consider the impact of corporate financial decisions on the economy’s real variables. These approaches reflect the Modigliani-Miller theorem (1958), which establishes the capital structure irrelevance principle, i.e. capital structure does not affect the decisions to accept and carry out investment projects, against a background of perfect financial markets. However, imperfections in capital markets, namely asymmetrical information between agents making investment decisions (corporate management) and those providing the respective financing (savers or financial intermediaries), establish a link between the corporate financial standing and investment decisions. The resulting distortions are a source of inefficiency in the allocation of resources and may involve the rationing of credit to firms at the prevailing market price (as shown by Stiglitz and Weiss (1981)), as well as translate into higher economic costs for external financing sources. The cyclical volatility of corporate investment, strongly concentrated in specific periods which are followed by other periods of sharp decline, is a stylised fact in most economies, and is documented as the so-called financial accelerator literature (Bernanke and Gertler (1989); Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1996 and 1999)). In this type of models, the existence of imperfections in the credit market results in factor accumulation decisions which are dependent on corporate financial conditions, thus accounting for the widening and greater persistence of business cycles, in particular as far as corporate investment is concerned. Kiyotaki and Moore (1997) also summarise explanations for this phenomenon, by establishing possible relationships between the value of assets in the economies, including the market value of residual claims of corporate shareholders, and the aggregate expenditure and production of firms. In these models, the corporate financial conditions at a given point in time are liable to restrain access to external financing, spilling over into corporate business. These constraints will tend to be stronger in downturns than in upturns of economic activity. In line with the theoretical literature, several empirical studies aim at assessing the impact of the corporate financial standing on the respective real decisions at microeconomic level. Fazzari, Hubbard and Petersen (1988) published a pioneering study analysing the sensitivity of corporate investment to fluctuations in internally-generated funds (giving rise to the cash flow sensitivity-related literature). The outcomes support the existence of a positive relationship between corporate cash flow and investment. In particular, and according to the authors, greater sensitivity of investment to the cash flow points to the existence of external financing constraints. Farinha (1995) gathers similar evidence for the Portuguese case, observing that, for most Portuguese firms, investment is positively influenced by the cash flow, and concludes that the results are consistent with the existence of liquidity constraints.
Theoretical and practical minimum of the power Consumption of 3 ADCs in SC technique

In this paper the theoretical and practical minimum of the power consumption is investigated for 3 ADC architectures, which are predestined for low conversion speed and applications in low-power sensor readout circuits. The analysis is made for the switched capacitor versions of the SAR ADC, cyclic ADC and sigma-delta modulator. The theoretical limit of the power efficiency is investigated by a commonly used figure of merit (FOM). As a case study two low-power ADCs were designed and fabricated. In order to compare ADCs fabricated in different technologies a technology-independent FOM is introduced.
Latency-Tolerant Software Distributed Shared Memory

We present Grappa, a modern take on software distributed shared memory (DSM) for in-memory data-intensive applications. Grappa enables users to program a cluster as if it were a single, large, non-uniform memory access (NUMA) machine. Performance scales up even for applications that have poor locality and input-dependent load distribution. Grappa addresses deficiencies of previous DSM systems by exploiting application parallelism, trading off latency for throughput. We evaluate Grappa with an in-memory MapReduce framework (10× faster than Spark [74]); a vertex-centric framework inspired by GraphLab (1.33× faster than native GraphLab [48]); and a relational query execution engine (12.5× faster than Shark [31]). All these frameworks required only 60-690 lines of Grappa code.
A ConceptLink Graph for Text Structure Mining

Most text mining methods are based on representing documents using a vector space model, commonly known as a bag of word model, where each document is modeled as a linear vector representing the occurrence of independent words in the text corpus. It is well known that using this vector-based representation, important information, such as semantic relationship among concepts, is lost. This paper proposes a novel text representation model called ConceptLink graph. The ConceptLink graph does not only represent the content of the document, but also captures some of its underlying semantic structure in terms of the relationships among concepts. The ConceptLink graph is constructed in two main stages. First, we find a set of concepts by clustering conceptually related terms using the self-organizing map method. Secondly, by mapping each document's content to concept, we generate a graph of concepts based on the occurrences of concepts using a singular value decomposition technique. The ConceptLink graph will overcome the keyword independence limitation in the vector space model to take advantage of the implicit concept relationships exhibit in all natural language texts. As an information-rich text representation model, the ConceptLink graph will advance text mining technology beyond feature-based to structure-based knowledge discovery. We will illustrate the ConceptLink graph method using samples generated from benchmark text mining dataset.
Module Structure of an Injective Resolution

Let A be the ring obtained by localizing the polynomial ring κ[X, Y, Z, W] over a field κ at the maximal ideal (X, Y, Z, W) and modulo the ideal (XW − YZ). Let 𝔭 be the ideal of A generated by X and Y. We study the module structure of a minimal injective resolution of A/𝔭 in detail using local cohomology. Applications include the description of , where M is a module constructed by Dutta, Hochster and McLaughlin, and the Yoneda product of .
Serotonergic System in the Central Nucleus of Amygdala Mediates Cannabidiol- Induced Sleep Alteration

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the psycho-inactive constituents of marijuana, the Cannabis sativa. The pharma- cological property of CBD, especially the anxiolytic effect, is significant in the therapeutic purposes. The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) plays a key role in the anxiety and its related behavioral responses (e.g. sleep-wake activity), and sero- tonin is one of the major mediators. However, the sleep-wake effect of CBD remains unclear. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of CBD on sleep-wake alteration and the involvement of serotonin in the CeA. Administrations of 5- hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist (buspirone), 5-HT2 antagonist (ritanserin), cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist (ACEA), or CB1 antagonist (AM-251) were employed to elucidate the action of CBD on CeA presynaptic CB1 receptors, serotonergic activity and the subsequent sleep alteration. We found that microinjection of CBD into the CeA prior to the beginning of the light period dose-dependently decreased slow wave sleep (SWS) with limited effect on rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). CBD-induced SWS suppression during the light period could be mimicked by admin- istering serotonin into the CeA. Buspirone and ritanserin dose-dependently blocked CBD-induced SWS decrease. Fur- thermore, administration of AM-251 exhibits similar effect as that of CBD on sleep-wake activity, and the CBD-induced SWS decrease was partially blocked by ACEA. These observations suggest that CBD acting on the CeA neurons de- creases SWS during the light phase, which is at least partially mediated by the consequence of antagonizing presynaptic CB1 receptors, enhancing serotonin release from the presynaptic terminals and subsequently acting on the postsynaptic 5- HT2 receptors.
Counselling in a general practice setting: controlled study of health visitor intervention in treatment of postnatal depression.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether counselling by health visitors is helpful in managing postnatal depression. DESIGN--Controlled, random order trial. SETTING--Health centres in Edinburgh and Livingston. PATIENTS--Sixty women identified as depressed by screening at six weeks post partum and by psychiatric interview at about 13 weeks post partum. Five women did not wish to participate, and a further five did not complete the trial. Age, social and obstetric factors, and diagnosis were similar in women who completed the trial and those who withdrew. INTERVENTION--Eight weekly counselling visits by health visitors who had been given a short training in counselling for postnatal depression. END POINT--Reduction of depression. MEASUREMENTS and main results--Standardised psychiatric interviews and a 10 point self report scale were used to identify depression before and after intervention. The psychiatrist was not told to which group women were allocated. After three months 18 (69%) of the 26 women in the treatment group had fully recovered compared with nine (38%) of the 24 in the control group. The difference between the groups was thus 32% (95% confidence interval 5 to 58). CONCLUSIONS--Counselling by health visitors is valuable in managing non-psychotic postnatal depression.
Clothes Image Searching System Based on CTS

One of the main difficulties in Clothes image searching is the variability of appearance of an object of interest. Clothes image feature extraction is a very active research area under this situation. Through build a Clothes concept semantic structure Clothes Tree Semantic Structure, the Clothes Image Searching System based on Scale Invariant Feature Transform(SIFT) is proposed in the paper. Experiment on an image database of about 5,000 general-purpose images, results show that our algorithm is more efficient than existing algorithms based on color histogram or corners features