Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computing for Numerical Methods Using Visual C

Providing a bridge between a problem and its solution through visualization, this book covers the most talked about problems currently available. Presenting a new approach that allows the reader to work by designing C++ programs directly using Windows interface in one book, the text provides ready to run codes. An equation parser in the form of an object file can be linked directly to the codes to provide accuracy and utility to the presentation. These are provided through an FTP location.
Investigations of laser plasmas dynamics by means of real and virtual Langmuir Probes

In this paper we propose a novel technique for LPP-Laser Produced Plasmas investigation, combining high time resolved measurements using compact Langmuir Probes with the output of a theoretical model called HYBLAS developed on purpose, which is able to simulate the charged particles collected by a so-called virtual probe. It will be shown that with an appropriate experimental set-up and with the use of a Matlab software able to accurately analyze the experimental I-V curves, laser plasmas can be investigated properly even if the probe is placed very close to the target surface. This permits not only to study the plume expansion with a high temporal resolution, but also to estimate correctly the self-generated coulomb electric field inside the plume and to detect the inner structure of the the first upcoming expanding plasma. HYBLAS is able to predict and describe the plume expansion at relatively low power densities and is a powerful method to compare directly the experimental current signals with the numerical results if the initial conditions are setted properly. A direct comparison of the theoretical data with the experimental ones realized on different metal targets shows that our method is able to predict properly the overall plasma expansion in the nanosecond laser pulse duration regime. The virtual probe method was moreover tested by comparing the numerical results with another numerical code called MULTI, which simulate the expansion by combining the hydrodynamics equations to a multigroup method in order to include the radiation transport.
Two-round Multi-Party Contract Signing

A multi-party contract signing (MPCS) protocol allows a set of parties to exchange messages with each other to reach a state in which either each of them has a pre-agreed contract text signed by all the others, or none of them does. A good MPCS protocol should satisfy the properties of fairness, timeliness and abuse-freeness, and at the same time, be concise and efficient. Typical MPCS protocols designed for asynchronous networks need O(n2) rounds running, such as the protocol proposed by Garay and Mackenzie (GM). Mukhamedov and Ryan (MR) improved the GM protocol and reduced the round to. This paper reviewed some existing MPCS protocols, and proposed an optimistic two-round MPCS protocol, with the number of rounds reduced and fixed to two and the message transmission number to O(n2). Our protocol, like the GM protocol and the MR protocol, provide abuse-freeness based on private contract signatures. Formal definitions of fairness, timeliness and abuse-freeness are presented in the strand space model, and formal analysis shows all these properties are satisfied in this two-round protocol.
Absence of the Lyt-2-,L3T4+ lineage of T cells in mice treated neonatally with anti-I-A correlates with absence of intrathymic I-A- bearing antigen-presenting cell function

In an effort to elucidate the role of intrathymic Ia-bearing antigen- presenting cells (APC) on the development of the class II-restricted T cell repertoire, we examined the effect of neonatal anti-I-A treatment on both intrathymic and splenic APC function; on the generation of Lyt- 2-,L3T4+, Lyt-2+,L3T4-, and Lyt-2+,L3T4+ T cells; and on the development of class I- and class II-specific T cell functions. Both the thymus and the spleen are completely devoid of Lyt-2-,L3T4+ T cells in young mice treated from birth with anti-I-A, and also lack functions associated with this subset, i.e., alloantigen-specific interleukin 2 production (present report), allo-class II-specific and self-class II- restricted T cell proliferative responses, and helper cell function for the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses (18). Development of the Lyt-2+,L3T4- subset proceeds undisturbed in these mice, in accord with the previously reported normal levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (18). The thymus contains normal numbers of the immature cortical Lyt-2+,L3T4+ cells, indicating that acquisition of the L3T4 marker, in and of itself, is not influenced by anti-I-A treatment. This striking absence of the lineage of T cells responsible for class II- specific T cell functions is correlated with absence of thymic APC function for class II-restricted T cell clones. When anti-I-A-treated mice are allowed to recover from the antibody treatment, splenic and thymic APC function return to normal in 2-3 wk, and thymic Lyt-2-,L3T4+ T cell numbers and functions reappear before such cells are detectable in the spleen. Collectively, these findings suggest that development of the Lyt-2-,L3T4+ lineage of class II-specific T cells is entirely dependent on functional I-A-bearing APC cells in the thymus. In addition, the presence of normal levels of Lyt-2+,L3T4-T cells argues that generation of the two major subsets of T cells (i.e., Lyt-2+,L3T4- and Lyt-2-,L3T4+) occurs through separate events, involving unique sites of interactions between precursor T cells and nonlymphoid major histocompatibility complex-bearing thymus cells.
TITLE Belief Revision by Sets of Sentences : A General Framework for Belief Revision

The aim of this paper is to extend the system of belief revision developed by Alchourr on, G ardenfors and Makinson (AGM) to a more general framework. This extension not only enables a treatment of revision by single sentences but also by any sets of sentences, especially by in nite sets. The extended revision and contraction operators will be called general ones, respectively. A group of postulates for each operator is provided in such a way that it coincides with AGM's in the limit case. A notion of the nice-ordering partition is introduced to specify the general contraction operation. A constructive approach is provided for belief revision operations.
Phagotrophy in phototrophs

Phagotrophy was (and is! ) a crucial element in the evolution of photosynthetic eucaryotes. The photosynthetic function in all eucaryotes can be traced to one or more endosymbiotic events involving the ingestion and retention of (unicellular) photosynthetic organisms. In some cases (chloroplasts of green and red algae) this loss of autonomy of the ingested procaryote occurs by transfer of many genes essential for functioning as a plastid to the host nucleus and the loss of many others. At the other end of the time scale is the temporary (for a month or two) retention of functioning chloroplasts from food items by ascoglossan (sacoglossan) gastropods. The universal involvement of phagotrophy in the evolution of photosynthetic eucaryotes means that phagotrophy is considered a primitive character and its absence a derived character in these organisms. Starting from an elaboration of these basic phenomena, I consider two questions. The first relates to the ecosystem role and evolutionary significance of phagotrophy by 0, evolvers: Is there a common biogeochemical thread that links all (or most) phagotrophic O? evolvers? The second question addresses the evolutionary role of phagotrophy in 0, evolvers: What are the evolutionary costs that may offset the benefits of phagotrophy in O,evolving phototrophs (or phototrophy in phagotrophs)? This article does not consider the important topic of saprotrophy (i.e. the uptake of low-M, organic C compounds) in phagotrophic (or nonphagotrophic) phototrophs (see Droop 1974; Sanders 1991; Raven 1993b; Chisholm et al. 1996). Saprotrophy as well as phagotrophy by phototrophs should strictly be embraced by the commonly used term “mixotrophy,” although this term is frequently reserved for the combination of phototrophy and phagotrophy considered here.
Dynamics of the interaction of plankton and planktivorous fish with delay

This paper is devoted to the study of a plankton–fish ecosystem model. The model represents the interaction between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish with Holling II functional response consisting of carrying capacity and constant intrinsic growth rate of phytoplankton. It is observed that if the carrying capacity of phytoplankton population crosses a certain critical value, the system enters into Hopf bifurcation. We have introduced discrete time delay due to gestation in the functional response term involved with the growth equation of planktivorous fish. We have studied the effect of time delay on the stability behavior. In addition, we have obtained an estimate for the length of time delay to preserve the stability of the model system. Existence of Hopf bifurcating small amplitude periodic solutions is derived by considering time delay as a bifurcation parameter. It is observed that constant intrinsic growth rate of phytoplankton and mortality rate of planktivorous fish play an important role in changing one steady state to another steady state and oscillatory behavior of the system. Computer simulations illustrate the results.
Functional association of the parkin gene promoter with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Loss-of-function mutations in the parkin gene were first identified in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). Subsequently, parkin mutations were found in many early-onset patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) (<45 years at onset). We hypothesized that parkin gene expression also may contribute to the age-associated risk of idiopathic PD (>50 years at onset). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the parkin core promoter have been identified and assessed. We show one of the variants, -258 T/G, is located in a region of DNA that binds nuclear protein from human substantia nigra in vitro and functionally affects gene transcription. Furthermore, the -258 T/G polymorphism is genetically associated with idiopathic PD, as assessed in a large population-based series of cases and controls. Our results further implicate the parkin gene in the development of Parkinson's disease.
GNet: a peer-to-peer protocol for Internet scale location-based applications

In this paper, we present design and evaluation of GNet, a peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol that is well suited to support wide area location-based service. The GNet protocol uses hierarchical geographic address as identifier of Internet-connected nodes. By combining domain-progressive routing mechanism like plaxton mesh with geographical domain hierarchy, this P2P protocol has the advantages of efficient routing, locality preserving and load balancing etc. In particular, it will benefit Internet scale location-aware applications by supporting position-based, proximity-based and especially geographically scoped operations.
Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Selective College Admissions. A Century Foundation Paper.

The issue of affirmative action at our nation’s top universities excites much interest and controversy in part because it goes to the very heart of what Americans mean by equal opportunity and meritocracy. Race-conscious admissions received an important boost with the Supreme Court’s recent decision affirming the constitutionality of the University of Michigan Law School’s program—an outcome we support. This chapter seeks to expand the traditional debate over race and ethnicity in selective admissions by analyzing the issue of whether low-income students, too, should benefit from affirmative action policies. Along the way, it asks a series of questions: Who attends selective universities today? Does it matter who gets in? How do college administrators define merit and fairness in the admissions process? How are they defined by the public? How should they be defined? Do colleges currently give a leg up to economically disadvantaged students? If not, would students admitted under such preferences be qualified to do rigorous, college-level work? What would be the effect of replacing affirmative action with a variety of policies: a straight system of grades and test scores; a lottery of minimally qualified students; automatic admissions to the top-ranking students in all high schools, irrespective of standardized test scores; an automatic admissions plan for top-ranking students with a minimum standardized test score requirement; preferences for economically disadvantaged students?
A Taxonomy for Attack Patterns on Information Flows in Component-Based Operating Systems

We present a taxonomy and an algebra for attack patterns on component-based operating systems. In a multilevel security scenario, where isolation of partitions containing data at different security classifications is the primary security goal and security breaches are mainly defined as undesired disclosure or modification of classified data, strict control of information flows is the ultimate goal. In order to prevent undesired information flows, we provide a classification of information flow types in a component-based operating system and, by this, possible patterns to attack the system. The systematic consideration of informations flows reveals a specific type of operating system covert channel, the covert physical channel, which connects two former isolated partitions by emitting physical signals into the computer's environment and receiving them at another interface.
Process-centric business intelligence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deliver an insight into the interaction effects of process‐oriented management and business intelligence (BI). Design/methodology/approach – The paper takes up publications from the fields of BI and business process management and analyzes the state‐of‐the‐art of process‐centric business intelligence (PCBI). To highlight the potentials and limitations of the concept, two exemplary use cases are presented and discussed in depth. Furthermore, a vision for the technical implementation is sketched.Findings – PCBI is found to play an important role in an organization's strive for competitiveness. The concept's potential benefits are significant. However, the overall levels of adoption and maturity of the concept within real‐world organizations appear to be rather low at the moment.Research limitations/implications – The paper discusses solely two exemplary use cases – the most that could be done within the scope of a journal publication. Therefore, the explanatory power.
Effects of ambient temperature on avian incubation behavior

Ambient temperature is commonly thought to influence avian incubation behavior. However, results of empirical studies examining correlations between ambient temperature and bout duration are equivocal. We propose that these equivocal results can be partly explained by developing a conceptual understanding of how we should expect temperature to influence incubation. We demonstrate why linear correlation analyses across a wide range of temperatures can be inappropriate based on development of an incubation model for small birds that incorporates how ambient temperature influences both embryonic development and adult metabolism. We found support for predictions of the model using incubation data from orange-crowned warblers (Vermivora celata) in Arizona. Both off- and on-bout duration were positively correlated with ambient temperature between 9 and 26C, but unrelated to ambient temperature 9 and 26–40C. Bout durations declined as ambient temperature approached or exceeded 40C. Incubating orange-crowned warblers appeared to avoid bouts off the nest 7 min and bouts on the nest 20 min. Time of day, duration of the previous bout, and variation among nests all explained variation in both onand off-bout duration. Although we found support for the general shape of the incubation model, temperature still explained only a small portion of the overall variation in on- and off-bout duration. Results of previous studies were generally consistent with the model for off-bout duration; most studies in colder environments reported positive correlations with temperature, and the one negative correlation reported was from a hot environment. However, the relationships between on-bout duration and temperature reported in previous studies were less consistent with our model and our data. Although some discrepancies could be explained by considering our model, some studies reported negative correlations in cold environments. The effect of ambient temperature on duration of on-bouts probably differs among species based on the amount of fat reserves females typically carry during incubation and the extent of male incubation feeding. Additional studies of the effects of temperature on avian incubation will help improve the general model and ultimately aid our understanding of energetic and ecological constraints on avian incubation. Key words: ambient temperature, foraging, incubation behavior, incubation model, incubation rhythm, nest attentiveness, on-bout duration, off-bout duration. [Behav Ecol 11:178–188 (2000)]
A bit of everything, but not all of anything: sensory and computational tradeo s for agents in collaborative collection tasks

The multiagent object collection task requires a group of agents to collect all objects in an environment in the shortest time possible. This paper describes a simple prediction mechanism that improves performance on the collection task by avoiding objects that other agents are predicted to collect. Agents' sensory range is also varied, providing two architectural enhancements that are compared in a subsequent cost-bene t analysis. In terms of \raw performance", simple reactive agents are seen to perform similarly to deliberative agents for a wide range of sensor ranges. A hypothetical cost-bene t analysis is performed to determine the best agent architecture for each con guration of the collection task examined.
Estilos de comunicación familiar, autoconcepto escolar y familiar, y motivación de venganza en adolescentes

Durante la adolescencia el contexto familiar y escolar juegan un papel fundamental en el ajuste psicosocial del individuo. Investigaciones previas constatan que la existencia de problemas de comunicación familiar constituye uno de los factores familiares más relevantes en la implicación en comportamientos violentos en adolescentes. En el contexto escolar, también se ha identificado varios factores que pueden influir negativamente en el ajuste psicosocial del adolescente, como el autoconcepto escolar. El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar el rol de la comunicación familiar, el autoconcepto familiar y escolar en la motivación de venganza de los adolescentes. La muestra está constituida por 671 adolescentes de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 16 años (49.3% chicos, M=13.04; DT=1.80) escolarizados en seis centros públicos de Educación Primaria y Secundaria. Se calcula un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con el programa EQS. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la comunicación abierta familiar, se relacionan de modo directo e indirecto con la motivación de venganza, a través del autoconcepto escolar y familiar. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados y sus posibles implicaciones.
English Language Teachers' Readiness for The Application of Technology Towards Fourth Industrial Revolution Demands

Using technology has proven to be effective in teaching and learning the English language. With the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution mentioned in Davos 2016, the use of technology in learning and teaching the English language needs to be explored. There is an increasing pressure exercised by the advancements of technology in education. Recently, the use of technology for teaching has become an integral part of successful learning and teaching languages in many parts of the world. Researchers suggested that successful implementation and usage of educational technologies depends mainly on the willingness of teachers as they are the main component in the classroom, who eventually decide on whether to integrate them or not and on how they are to be used in the classroom. The purpose of this qualitative study, therefore, is to measure the English language teachers’ readiness and willingness to use the technology in teaching the English language in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Ten in-service English language teachers participated in the structured and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the interview showed that the English language teachers are not ready yet to use the technology in teaching the English language some ideas were revealed through the interviews 1) traditional and cultural ways of teaching 2) the understanding and attitudes towards technology 3) obstacles hinder teachers from using technology. Finally, the paper presented a number of implications and recommendations that include providing training programs for teachers and forums with experts of the fourth industrial revolution. The policy must be formulated to encourage teachers to use technology to improve the Arab teachers and students’ use of the new technology in teaching and learning spaces.
Revisiting Optical Physical Unclonable Functions

We revisit optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs), which were introduced by Pappu et al. [36, 37] in their seminal and historically first publication on PUFs. We start our studies with non-integrated PUFs. We discuss their resilience against machine learning attacks, and systematically study the influence of using more than one laser beam, varied laser diameters, and smaller scatterer sizes. Finally, we discuss new image transformations that maximize the PUF’s output entropy while possessing similar error correction capacities [37]. The results of our study allow to enhance the security of non-integrated PUFs without causing significant additional hardware costs. Next, we discuss the novel appliation of non-integrated optical PUFs as so-called “Certifiable PUFs”. The latter are useful to achieve practical security in certain PUF-protocols, as recently observed by Rührmair and van Dijk at Oakland 2013 [43]. Our technique is the first mechanism for Certifiable PUFs suggested in the literature, answering an open problem posed in [43]. Finally, we turn to constructions for integrated optical PUFs, and build the first prototype for this kind of PUF. We investigate its security, and show that these PUFs can be attacked successfully by machine learning techniques if the employed scattering structure is linear, and if the raw interference images of the PUF are available to the adversary. Our result enforces the use of non-linear scattering structures within integrated PUFs. The quest for suitable materials is identified as an important, but open research problem. The prePermission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Copyright 200X ACM X-XXXXX-XX-X/XX/XX . $10.00. sented work makes intensive use of two prototypes of optical PUFs that were built for this work. Our integrated optical PUF prototype is, to our knowledge, the first of its kind in the literature.