Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic determinants associated with physical activity level of quilombolas in the Brazilian state of Bahia:

1 Abstract Objective: to analyze sociodemographic variables associated with insufficient physical activity level in Bahian quilombolas. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with data on sociodemographic characteristics and level of physical activity using a standardized form, administered through interviews with a representative sample of adults living in quilombos in the geographical region of Bahia; crude and adjusted logistic regression was used. Results: 850 participants were included whose average age was 45.0+17.0 years; 61.2% were female; prevalence of physical inactivity was 21.9% (95%CI 19.1; 24.7); insufficient physical activity level among adult quilombolas was higher among the elderly (OR 2.12; 95%CI 1.29; 3.49) and individuals who did not work (OR 1.47; 95%CI 1.01; 2, 14). Conclusion: being elderly and not working is associated with insufficient physical activity in quilombolas.
The long non-coding RNA GHSROS facilitates breast cancer cell migration and orthotopic xenograft tumour growth

Recent evidence suggests that numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in cancer, and have critical roles in tumour development and progression. The present study investigated the ghrelin receptor antisense lncRNA growth hormone secretagogue receptor opposite strand ( GHSROS ) in breast cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that GHSROS expression was significantly upregulated in breast tumour tissues compared with normal breast tissue. Induced overexpression of GHSROS in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line significantly increased cell migration in vitro , without affecting cell proliferation, a finding similar to our previous study on lung cancer cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed a significant repression of a small cluster of major histocompatibility class II genes and enrichment of immune response pathways; this phenomenon may allow tumour cells to better evade the immune system. Ectopic overexpression of GHSROS in the MDA-MB-231 cell line significantly increased orthotopic xenograft growth in mice, suggesting that in vitro culture does not fully capture the function of this lncRNA. This study demonstrated that GHSROS may serve a relevant role in breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the function and therapeutic potential of this lncRNA in breast cancer progression.
Macrocyclic lactones inhibit nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells proliferation through PaK1 inhibition and reduce in vivo tumor growth

Purpose: The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancer nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in Europe and North America but is a real public health problem in some regions of the world, such as southern Asia, North Africa, and for Inuit populations. Due to the anatomy and location of the nasopharynx, surgery is rarely used to treat primary NPC cancers. Treatment by radiotherapy, combined or not with chemotherapy, are efficient for primary tumors but often do not protect against fatal relapses or metastases. Methods: Search for new therapeutic molecules through high content screening lead to the identification of Ivermectin (IVM) as a promising drug. IVM is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved macrocyclic lactone widely used as anthelmintic and insecticidal agent that has also shown protective effects against cancers. Results: We show here that IVM has cytotoxic activity in vitro against NPC cells, in which it reduces MAPKs pathway activation through the inhibition PAK-1 activity. Moreover, all macrocyclic lactones tested and a PAK1 inhibitor are cytotoxic in vitro for EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC tumor cells. We have also shown that IVM intraperitoneal repeated injections, at US Food and Drug Administration-approved doses, have no significant toxicity and decrease NPC subcutaneous tumors development in nude mice. Conclusion: Macrocyclic lactones appear as promising molecules against NPC targeting PAK-1 with no detectable adverse effect.
Overleaf Example

Learning a good state representation is a critical skill when dealing with multiple tasks in Reinforcement Learning as it allows for transfer and better generalization between tasks. However, defining what constitute a useful representation is far from simple and there is so far no standard method to find such an encoding. In this paper, we argue that distillation — a process that aims at imitating a set of given policies with a single neural network — can be used to learn a state representation displaying favorable characteristics. In this regard, we define three criteria that measure desirable features of a state encoding: the ability to select important variables in the input space, the ability to efficiently separate states according to their corresponding optimal action, and the robustness of the state encoding on new tasks. We first evaluate these criteria and verify the contribution of distillation on state representation on a toy environment based on the standard inverted pendulum problem, before extending our analysis on more complex visual tasks from the Atari and Procgen benchmarks.
Title : Modelling physical resilience in ageing mice

Geroprotectors, a class of drugs targeting multiple deficits occurring with age, necessitate the development of new animal models to test their efficacy. The COST Action MouseAGE is a European network whose aim is to reach consensus on the translational path required for geroprotectors, interventions targeting the biology of ageing. In our previous work we identified frailty and loss of resilience as a potential target for geroprotectors. Frailty is the result of an accumulation of deficits, which occurs with age and reduces the ability to respond to adverse events (physical resilience). Modelling frailty and physical resilience in mice is challenging for many reasons. There is no consensus on the precise definition of frailty and resilience in patients or on how best to measure it. This makes it difficult to evaluate available mouse models. In addition, the characterization of those models is poor. Here we review potential models of physical resilience, focusing on those where there is some evidence that the administration of acute stressors requires integrative responses involving multiple tissues and where aged mice showed a delayed recovery or a worse outcome then young mice in response to the stressor. These models include sepsis, trauma, drugand radiation exposure, kidney and brain ischemia, exposure to noise, heat and cold shock. AC CE PT ED M AN US CR IP T
Pollen metabarcoding reveals broad and species-specific resource use by 1 urban bees 2

Caitlin Potter, Natasha de Vere, Laura E. Jones, Col R. Ford, Matthew J. Hegarty, 3 Kathy H. Hodder, Anita Diaz and Elizabeth Franklin. 4 5 Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, 6 Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK. 7 Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, 8 Poole. 9 National Botanic Garden of Wales, Llanarthne, Carmarthenshire, SA32 8HG, UK. 10 Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, 11 Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK. 12 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, 13 Canada 14 15 16 Corresponding author: 17 Caitlin Potter, 18 S26, Cledwyn Building, 19 Penglais Campus, 20 Aberystwyth University, 21 Aberystwyth, 22 Ceredigion, 23 SY23 3DZ. 24 cap34@aber.ac. uk 25 26 Running title (40 characters): Broad resource use by urban bees 27
Cylicins are a structural component of the sperm calyx being indispensable for male fertility in mice and human

Cylicins are testis-specific proteins, which are exclusively expressed during spermiogenesis. In mice and humans, two Cylicins, the gonosomal X-linked Cylicin 1 (Cylc1/CYLC1) and the autosomal Cylicin 2 (Cylc2/CYLC2) genes have been identified. Cylicins are cytoskeletal proteins with an overall positive charge due to lysine-rich repeats. While Cylicins have been localized in the acrosomal region of round spermatids, they resemble a major component of the calyx within the perinuclear theca at the posterior part of mature sperm nuclei. However, the role of Cylicins during spermiogenesis has not yet been investigated. Here, we applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing in zygotes to establish Cylc1- and Cylc2-deficient mouse lines as a model to study the function of these proteins. Cylc1 deficiency resulted in male subfertility, whereas Cylc2−/−, Cylc1−/y Cylc2+/−, and Cylc1−/y Cylc2−/− males were infertile. Phenotypical characterization revealed that loss of Cylicins prevents proper calyx assembly during spermiogenesis. This results in decreased epididymal sperm counts, impaired shedding of excess cytoplasm, and severe structural malformations, ultimately resulting in impaired sperm motility. Furthermore, exome sequencing identified an infertile man with a hemizygous variant in CYLC1 and a heterozygous variant in CYLC2, displaying morphological abnormalities of the sperm including the absence of the acrosome. Thus, our study highlights the relevance and importance of Cylicins for spermiogenic remodeling and male fertility in human and mouse, and provides the basis for further studies on unraveling the complex molecular interactions between perinuclear theca proteins required during spermiogenesis.
Riboflavin: Inhibitory effects on receptors, G‐proteins, and adenylate cyclase

Riboflavin inhibited binding of both agonist and antagonist radioligands to rat brain A1‐adenosine receptors with Ki values of approximately 10 μM. In an adenylate cyclase assay with membrane preparations from either rat adipocytes or DDT MF‐2 cells, both of which contain A1‐adenosine receptors, riboflavin inhibited isoproterenol‐stimulated cyclase activity with an IC50 of approximately 20 μM. However, the inhibition of cyclase by riboflavin was not reversed by an A1‐selective antagonist, nor by pretreatment with pertussis toxin. Thus, neither A1‐receptors nor Gi‐proteins appear critically involved in the inhibition of cyclase by riboflavin. Riboflavin did block the stimulation by an adenosine analog of [35S]GTPγS binding in rat cerebral cortical membranes. However, riboflavin also inhibited the stimulation by fMLP of [35S]GTPγS binding in HL‐60 cell membranes. Riboflavin inhibited forskolin‐stimulated cyclase in membranes from DDT MF‐2 cells > rat adipocytes > PC12 cells, hamster CHO M2 cells, and wild‐type S49 cells. There was virtually no inhibition of forskolin‐stimulated cyclase in membranes of human platelets, rat cerebral cortex, or cyc‐S49 cells lacking Gs‐proteins. The calcium‐stimulated cyclase in rat cerebral cortical membranes was inhibited by riboflavin. A preincubation of membranes with riboflavin markedly enhanced the inhibition for DDT MF‐2 and wild‐type and cyc‐S49 membranes. The extent of inhibition in the different cell lines was dependent on the agent used to stimulate cyclase. Riboflavin, like the P‐site inhibitor 2′,5′‐dideoxyadenosine, was more potent and efficacious when manganese instead of forskolin was used as the stimulant. However, unlike the P‐site inhibitor, riboflavin did not markedly inhibit GppNHp‐ or fluoride‐stimulated cyclase. Riboflavin at low micromolar concentrations appears to have three possibly interrelated effects on second messenger systems subserved by G‐proteins. These are antagonism at A1‐adenosine receptors, inhibition of turnover of guanyl nucleotides at G‐proteins, and inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Drug Dev. Res. 42:98–108, 1997. Published 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Alignment, calibration, and validation of an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for high-resolution human foveal imaging

Advances in adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) technology have enabled cones in the human fovea to be reliably resolved, providing new insight into human foveal anatomy, visual perception, and retinal degenerative diseases. These high-resolution ophthalmoscopes require careful alignment of each optical subsystem to ensure diffraction-limited imaging performance, which is necessary for resolving the smallest foveal cones. This paper presents a systematic and rigorous methodology for building, aligning, calibrating, and testing an AOSLO designed for imaging the cone mosaic of the central fovea in humans with cellular resolution. This methodology uses a two-stage alignment procedure and thorough system testing to achieve diffraction-limited performance. Results from retinal imaging of healthy human subjects show that the system can resolve cones at the very center of the fovea, the region where the cones are smallest and most densely packed.
of Geophysical Research : Planets Global occurrence trend of high-Ca pyroxene on lunar highlands and its implications

We present details of the global distribution of high-Ca pyroxene (HCP)-rich sites in the lunar highlands based on the global data set of hyperspectral reflectance obtained by the SELENE Spectral Profiler. Most HCP-rich sites in the lunar highlands are found at fresh impact craters. In each crater, most of the detection points are distributed on the ejecta, rim, and floor of the impact craters rather than the central peaks, while the central peaks are dominated by purest anorthosite (PAN). This indicates that HCP-rich materials originate from relatively shallower regions of the lunar crust than PAN. In addition, while all ray craters with sizes larger than ∼40 km possess HCP-rich materials, small fresh craters with sizes less than ∼6–10 km do not, indicating that the uppermost mixing layers in the lunar crust are not dominated by HCP. Based on these results, we propose that in the upper lunar crust, a HCP-rich zone overlying the PAN layer exists below the uppermost mixing layer. This HCP-rich zone may originate from interstitial melt during the formation of the flotation anorthositic cumulate, while an impact ejecta origin, impact melt origin, and/or magmatic intrusion into the upper lunar crust may also account for the occurrence of HCP-rich sites in the highlands.
Accelerometer-based detection of African swine fever infection in wild boar

Infectious wildlife diseases that circulate at the interface with domestic animals pose significant threats worldwide and require early detection and warning. Although animal tracking technologies are used to discern behavioural changes, they are rarely used to monitor wildlife diseases. Common disease-induced behavioural changes include reduced activity and lethargy (‘sickness behaviour’). Here, we investigated whether accelerometer sensors could detect the onset of African swine fever (ASF), a viral infection that induces high mortality in suids for which no vaccine is currently available. Taking advantage of an experiment designed to test an oral ASF vaccine, we equipped 12 wild boars with an accelerometer tag and quantified how ASF affects their activity pattern and behavioural fingerprint, using overall dynamic body acceleration. Wild boars showed a daily reduction in activity of 10–20% from the healthy to the viremia phase. Using change point statistics and comparing healthy individuals living in semi-free and free-ranging conditions, we show how the onset of disease-induced sickness can be detected and how such early detection could work in natural settings. Timely detection of infection in animals is crucial for disease surveillance and control, and accelerometer technology on sentinel animals provides a viable complementary tool to existing disease management approaches.
On the ill-posedness of certain vehicular platoon control problems

We revisit the vehicular platoon control problems formulated by Levine & Athans (1966) and Melzer & Kuo (1971). We show that in each case, these formulations are effectively ill-posed. Specifically, we demonstrate that in the first formulation, the system's stabilizability degrades as the size of the platoon increases, and that the system loses stabilizability in the limit of an infinite number of vehicles. We show that in the LQR formulation of Melzer & Kuo, the performance index is not detectable, leading to non-stabilizing optimal feedbacks. Effectively, these closed-loop systems do not have a uniform bound on the time constants of all vehicles. For the case of infinite platoons, these difficulties are easily exhibited using the theory of spatially invariant systems. We argue that the infinite case is a useful paradigm to understand large platoons. To this end, we illustrate numerically how stabilizability and detectability degrade as functions of a finite platoon size, implying that the infinite case is a reasonable approximation to the large, but finite case. Finally, we suggest a well-posed alternative formulation of the LQR problem based on penalizing absolute position errors in addition to relative ones in the performance objective.
Wearing leadership: Girl Scouts’ uniforms as symbolic signifiers

ABSTRACT The present article distances itself from the scholarship’s tendency to describe youth leadership through the prism of the adult world. Leaning on ethnographic data, I explain how adolescent leadership is an outgrowth of social relations and cultural symbols that are perpetually negotiating the status quo. As part of an extensive study on female youth leaders, the paper focuses on the rich array of insignia that are made, worn, and exchanged by my research subjects: teenage female members of the Israeli Scouts (a co-ed Jewish youth movement). More specifically, I examine how the creation and display of material symbols on clothing mirror the leadership identity of Girl Scouts. In contrast to their uniforms and rank, which conform to restrictions and a formal hierarchy, the subjects engender a dynamic, non-formal, and open-ended set of symbols that visually represent power and status within their social group. Among the principal contributions of this study are insights on the nature of adolescent leadership and how it is wrought, maintained, and renewed within social networks.
Producing Personalised Object-Based Audio-Visual Experiences: an Ethnographic Study

Developments in object-based media and IP-based delivery offer an opportunity to create superior audience experiences through personalisation. Towards the aim of making personalised experiences regularly available across the breadth of audio-visual media, we conducted a study to understand how personalised experiences are being created. This consisted of interviews with producers of six representative case studies, followed by a thematic analysis. We describe the workflows and report on the producers’ experiences and obstacles faced. We found that the metadata models, enabling personalisation, were developed independently for each experience, restricting interoperability of personalisation affordances provided to users. Furthermore, the available tools were not effectively integrated into preferred workflows, substantially increasing role responsibilities and production time. To ameliorate these issues, we propose the development of a unifying metadata framework and novel production tools. These tools should be integrated into existing workflows; improve efficiency using AI; and enable producers to serve more diverse audiences.
Bluetongue virus outer-capsid protein VP2 expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana raises neutralising antibodies and a protective immune response in IFNAR (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice

mice prime/boost vaccinated with the puriﬁed proteins, were shown to contain VP2-speciﬁc antibodies by Indirect ELISA (I-ELISA), western blotting and serum neutralisation tests (SNT). Vaccinated mice, subse-quently challenged with either the homologous or heterologous BTV serotype, developed viraemia by day 3 post-infection. However, no clinical signs were observed in mice challenged with the homologous serotype (either prime-boost or single-shot vaccinated), all of which survived for the duration of the study. In contrast, all of the vaccinated mice challenged with a heterologous serotype, died, showing no evidence of cross-protection or suppression of viraemia, as detected by real-time RT-qPCR or virus iso- lation. The induction of protective, serotype-speciﬁc neutralising antibodies in IFNAR (cid:1) / (cid:1) mice, indicates potential for the use of plant-expressed BTV VP2s as subunit vaccine components, or as a basis for serotype-speciﬁc serological assays. 2019 Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense(http://
Secrecy performance of massive MIMO relay-aided downlink with multiuser transmission

In this study, the authors study secure multiuser transmission in a massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying system, where a base station sends its messages to multiusers via an amplify-and-forward relay station. Beamforming matrices of maximum ratio combining/maximum ratio transmission (MRC/MRT) and zero-forcing reception/zero-forcing transmission (ZFR/ZFT) at relay are considered. The authors derive exact and asymptotic expressions for user rate and outage secrecy rate for a predetermined secure outage probability of eavesdropper links with channel state information imperfection. They have shown that ZFR/ZFT is a better choice than MRC/MRT from the perspectives of secrecy performance. Furthermore, the asymptotic analysis is proposed to show that almost the eavesdropper rates in all cases are degraded as a number of relay antennas goes to infinity, and simultaneously the transmit power at the base station and the relay can be scaled down significantly. Finally, numerical results provide more insightful validity of the proposed analysis.
HPRoP: Hierarchical Privacy-preserving Route Planning for Smart Cities

Route Planning Systems (RPS) are a core component of autonomous personal transport systems essential for safe and efficient navigation of dynamic urban environments with the support of edge-based smart city infrastructure, but they also raise concerns about user route privacy in the context of both privately owned and commercial vehicles. Numerous high-profile data breaches in recent years have fortunately motivated research on privacy-preserving RPS, but most of them are rendered impractical by greatly increased communication and processing overhead. We address this by proposing an approach called Hierarchical Privacy-Preserving Route Planning (HPRoP), which divides and distributes the route-planning task across multiple levels and protects locations along the entire route. This is done by combining Inertial Flow partitioning, Private Information Retrieval (PIR), and Edge Computing techniques with our novel route-planning heuristic algorithm. Normalized metrics were also formulated to quantify the privacy of the source/destination points (endpoint location privacy) and the route itself (route privacy). Evaluation on a simulated road network showed that HPRoP reliably produces routes differing only by ≤ 20% in length from optimal shortest paths, with completion times within ∼ 25 seconds, which is reasonable for a PIR-based approach. On top of this, more than half of the produced routes achieved near-optimal endpoint location privacy (∼ 1.0) and good route privacy (≥ 0.8).
Identifying the Developmental Challenges of Creating Virtual Reality Theatre: This paper reports on the identified challenges of creating virtual reality theatre from the practitioner's perspective.

Virtual Reality Theatre continues to grow as a form of digital creative output for theatre practitioners. However, understanding the common challenges faced during the development of productions by practitioners and the barriers to entry produced by the complexity of platforms is under-researched. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of several challenges identified through semi-structured interviews of practitioners and a thematic review.