Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in pseudophakic corneal edema.

PURPOSE To evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the corneal epithelium in pseudophakic corneal edema (PCE). METHODS Tissue sections were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of corneal buttons removed from 20 patients with PCE during penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) and from 11 age-matched control eyes enucleated because of uveal melanoma. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta, -6, and -8; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -9 proteins in the corneal epithelium was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Digital image analysis was performed to quantify the expression of the various cytokines and MMPs. A mean intensity stain index (ISI), based on the staining density and the area stained, was calculated from digital images captured from sequential areas of the corneal epithelium. RESULTS The expression of most of the inflammatory cytokines and MMPs was significantly higher in the corneal epithelium of PCE corneal buttons than in the control specimens. MMP-9 had the highest expression when compared with the control (ISI = 55.08 +/- 23.71 in PCE compared with 0.169 +/- 0.156 in the control; P < 0.0001). Significantly higher ISIs were also recorded for MMP-1 (16.14 +/- 8.49 vs. 1.13 +/- 1.79; P < 0.0001), IL-1beta (62.62 +/- 27.23.97 vs. 1.61 +/- 1.27; P < 0.0001), IL-8 (37.91 +/- 21.18 vs. 4.24 +/- 3.60; P < 0.0001), and VEGF (81.67 +/- 26.22 vs. 19.40 +/- 16.85; P = 0.0001). The expression of MMP-3, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in PCE was not different from control expression. Significant positive correlations were found between the expression of IL-1beta and MMP-9 (r(2) = 0.37; P = 0.015), between VEGF and IL-8 (r(2) = 0.22; P = 0.042), and a significant correlation was found between the expression of MMP-3 and TNF-alpha (r(2) = 0.5197; P = 0.0007). The expression of TNF-alpha correlated significantly with the patient's age (r(2) = 0.28; P = 0.0195). CONCLUSIONS The corneal epithelium in PCE expresses high levels of cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes, which are associated with inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue degradation. The expression of these mediators may partially explain the pathologic features associated with this disease, such as bulla formation, recurrent epithelial desquamation, and corneal neovascularization.
Starting Procedure of Rotational Sensorless PMSM in the Rotating Condition

This paper investigates a starting procedure of rotational sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in the rotating condition, which is suitable for some applications with higher maximum rotor frequency and longer current sampling time. Instantaneous estimation of initial rotor position and frequency, right after gates start, is essential for restarting the operation of inverters. Existing estimation methods are not available for the aforementioned applications because of their higher maximum rotor frequency and longer current sampling time. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel initial rotor frequency estimation method. The proposed estimation method is verified by experiments using a 2-kW interior PMSM and a numerical simulation.
Metabolically healthy obesity and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

The risk of type 2 diabetes among obese adults who are metabolically healthy has not been established. We systematically searched Medline (1946–August 2013) and Embase (1947–August 2013) for prospective studies of type 2 diabetes incidence (defined by blood glucose levels or self‐report) among metabolically healthy obese adults (defined by body mass index [BMI] and normal cardiometabolic clustering, insulin profile or risk score) aged ≥18 years at baseline. We supplemented the analysis with an original effect estimate from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), with metabolically healthy obesity defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2 and <2 of hypertension, impaired glycaemic control, systemic inflammation, adverse high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and adverse triglycerides. Estimates from seven published studies and ELSA were pooled using random effects meta‐analyses (1,770 healthy obese participants; 98 type 2 diabetes cases). The pooled adjusted relative risk (RR) for incident type 2 diabetes was 4.03 (95% confidence interval = 2.66–6.09) in healthy obese adults and 8.93 (6.86–11.62) in unhealthy obese compared with healthy normal‐weight adults. Although there was between‐study heterogeneity in the size of effects (I2 = 49.8%; P = 0.03), RR for healthy obesity exceeded one in every study, indicating a consistently increased risk across study populations. Metabolically healthy obese adults show a substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with metabolically healthy normal‐weight adults. Prospective evidence does not indicate that healthy obesity is a harmless condition.
Relative Clause Coordination and Subordination in Japanese

The research described in this paper is a direct extension of Baldwin et al. (1997), which proposed a declarative rule-based system to analyse gapping in simple Japanese relative clauses. Two shortcomings of this original framework are its inability to handle complex relative clauses, and its non-deterministic nature in choosing between multiple parses for the main verb of the relative clause. Here, we rst propose two methods of scoring verb parses to make the system deterministic, and then apply the most successful verb scoring method in the analysis of relative clause subordination and coordination.
Filosofía de la mente y Psiquiatría: alcances y límites de una perspectiva naturalista para el estudio de los delirios

espanolEn el presente articulo me concentrare en el estudio filosofico de los delirios, como un caso ejemplificador del vinculo que pueden establecer la filosofia de la mente y la psiquiatria. Frente a versiones radicalmente naturalistas, que proponen variantes reduccionistas o eliminativistas para la explicacion de ciertos fenomenos mentales y sus variantes “anormales”, defendere una version moderada de la perspectiva naturalista. Al respecto, senalare que retener algun grado de simpatia hacia el naturalismo en las investigaciones filosoficas sobre los delirios es necesario para desarrollar teorias sobre las creencias empiricamente informadas que no resulten contradictorias con los desarrollos actuales en psicologia cognitiva y neurociencias. No obstante, afirmare tambien que una perspectiva exclusivamente naturalista -tanto por parte de la filosofia como de la psiquiatria misma- es incapaz de dar cuenta del contexto normativo en donde juegan las creencias. Los criterios normativos, especialmente externos (sociales y pragmaticos) que se emplean para clasificar ciertas creencias como delirantes no resultan inteligibles bajo una explicacion puramente natural. Por el contrario, para comprender las creencias delirantes qua delirantes, sera preciso acercarnos a un abordaje hibrido que pueda contemplar las causas naturales del fenomeno asi como su evaluacion normativa. EnglishThis paper focuses on the philosophical study of delusions as an example of the link that can be established between the philosophy of mind and psychiatry. Against radically naturalistic versions that suggest reductionist or eliminativist variables to explain certain mental phenomena and their ‘abnormal’ variables, I will stand up for a toned-down version of the naturalistic perspective. In this sense, I will point out that it is necessary to keep some level of sympathy towards naturalism in the philosophical research on delusions to develop the theories about the empirically informed beliefs that do not contradict the current developments on cognitive psychology and neurosciences. Nevertheless, I will also state that an exclusively naturalist perspective –from both philosophy and psychiatry itself- cannot render an account of the regulatory context within which beliefs develop. Normative, particularly external, criteria (social and pragmatic) used to classify certain beliefs as delirious are not intelligible under a purely natural explanation. Conversely, to understand delusional beliefs as delusional, it will be necessary to take an interest in a hybrid approach that considers the natural causes of the phenomenon as well as its normative assessment.
Does Gender Matter in the Evaluation of Successful Physicians? Examining How Evaluators Use Stereotype-Based Attributions in Determining Outcomes at Work

Does Gender Matter in the Evaluation of Successful Physicians? Examining How Evaluators Use Stereotype-Based Attributions in Determining Outcomes at Work Dyan Angela Ludeña Ferraris-Baron The purpose of this study was to understand whether physician leaders are subject to gender bias in the form of differential work outcomes. Specifically, the primary goal was to examine whether the gender of a successful physician leader, the medical specialty in which he or she works (surgery or pediatrics), and participant level of social dominance orientation (SDO; level of egalitarianism) influenced the allocation of workplace outcomes (i.e., evaluations of performance, promotion recommendations, and characterizations of ability and effort). This study further explored if ability and effort characterizations mediated the relationship between gender, specialty, and participant SDO on evaluations of performance and promotion recommendations. Attempting to elucidate the atypical but increasing phenomenon in which successful female leaders in male-typed jobs receive higher performance evaluations, but lower rates of promotion as compared to equivalent males; this study drew on attribution theory to explain that characterizations of successful women as “hard workers” (effort) may be seen as deserving of high evaluations of performance but not promotions, while being “brilliant” (ability) may be seen as deserving of promotions and reserved for successful men. Results revealed an unexpected overall boost for female surgeons, awarded especially by participants low in SDO (those most egalitarian) such that female surgeons received significantly better outcomes as compared to female pediatricians and equivalent outcomes as compared to male physicians. Male surgeons and pediatricians were largely awarded equivalent outcomes across all levels of participant SDO. Further, mediation was supported only for female surgeons, such that higher characterizations of effort explained higher evaluations of performance, particularly by those low in SDO. Further research is required to understand why successful women receive higher evaluations of performance, but not promotions.
Far-Infrared Study of IRAS 00494+5617 and IRAS 05327–0457

High angular resolution far-infrared observations at 143 and 185 μm, using the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 m balloon-borne telescope, are presented for two Galactic star-forming complexes associated with IRAS 00494+5617 and IRAS 05327-0457. The latter map also reveals the cold dust in OMC-3. Both these regions are illuminated at the edges by high-mass stars with substantial UV flux. The HIRES (High-Resolution processing using Maximum Correlation Method) processed IRAS maps at 12, 25, 60, and 100 μm have also been presented for comparison. The present study is aimed at quantifying the role of the nearby stars vis-à-vis embedded young stellar objects in the overall heating of these sources. Based on the FIR observations at 143 and 185 μm carried out simultaneously with almost identical angular resolution, reliable dust temperature and optical depth maps have been generated for the brighter regions of these sources. Radiative transfer modeling in spherical geometry has been carried out to extract physical parameters of these sources by considering the observational constraints, such as spectral energy distribution, angular size at different wavelengths, dust temperature distribution, etc. It is concluded that for both IRAS 00494+5617 and IRAS 05327-0457, the embedded energy sources play the major role in heating them with finite contribution from the nearby stars. The best-fit model for IRAS 00494+5617 is consistent with a simple two-phase clump-interclump picture with ~5% volume filling factor (of clumps) and a density contrast of ≈80.
Utterance-level latent topic transition modeling for spoken documents and its application in automatic summarization

In this paper, we propose to use an utterance-level latent topic transition model to estimate the latent topics behind the utterances, and test the performance of such model in extractive speech summarization. In this model, the latent topic weights behind an utterance are estimated, and these topic weights evolve from an utterance to the next in a spoken document based on a topic transition function represented by a matrix. We explore different ways of obtaining such topic transition matrices used in the model, and find using a set of matrices estimated with utterances clustered from a training spoken document set is very useful. This model was shown to be able to offer extra performance improvement when used with the popularly used Probability Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) in preliminary experiments on speech summarization.
A comparison of security assurance support of agile software development methods

Agile methods increase the speed and reduce the cost of software projects; however, they have been criticized for lack of documentation, traditional quality control, and, most importantly, lack of security assurance - mostly due to their informal and self-organizing approach to software development. This paper clarifies the requirements for security assurance by using an evaluation framework to analyze the compatibility of established agile security development methods: XP, Scrum and Kanban, combined with Microsoft SDL security framework, against Finland's established national security regulation (Vahti). We also analyze the selected methods based on their role definitions, and provide some avenues for future research.
Similarity Match Over High Speed Time-Series Streams

Similarity-based time series retrieval has been a subject of long term study due to its wide usage in many applications, such as financial data analysis, weather data forecasting, and multimedia data retrieval. Its original task was to find those time series similar to a pattern (query) time series data, where both the pattern and data time series are static. Recently, with an increasing demand on stream data management, similarity-based stream time series retrieval has raised new research issues due to its unique requirements during the stream processing, such as one-pass search and fast response. In this paper, we address the problem of matching patterns over high-speed stream time series data. We will develop a novel representation, called multi-scaled segment mean (MSM), for stream time series data, which can be incrementally computed and thus perfectly adapted to the stream characteristics. Most importantly, we propose a novel multi-step filtering mechanism over the multi-scaled representation. Analysis indicates that the mechanism can greatly prune the search space and thus offer fast response. Extensive experiments show the multi-scaled representation together with the multi-step filtering scheme can efficiently filter out false candidates and detect patterns, compared to the multiscaled wavelet.
Effects of video and text support on grounding in multilingual multiparty audio conferencing

With computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools allowing collaborations to span the globe, teams can include multiple collaborators located in different countries. Previous research shows how audio communication supplemented by video conferencing or text transcripts improves conversation grounding between native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) in one-on-one multi-lingual collaborations. This research investigates how supplemental cues (video or real-time text transcripts) support NNSs' participation in multiparty audio conferences. We implemented a collaborative grounding task with triad groups of NS and NNS to investigate possible effects. We found that NNSs' task accuracy dropped significantly between video+audio trials. By comparison, NNSs' ability to understand common ground increased over trials in the text transcripts+audio condition. Our results demonstrate the difficulties of common ground establishment for NNS in multiparty collaborations and how the development of supporting tools for multilingual audio conferencing can aid NNSs? communication ability.
Evaluating the Performance of Parallel Computer System Using Recursive Models

A shared memory parallel computer system can be considered as a parallel computer system with a shared single ready queue. This can depict a single queue parallel server queuing model. Some models that are based on probability density function have been used to model the performance of the queuing system. This paper uses recursive to evaluate the performance of a single queue parallel server queuing model of compute intensive applications of a parallel computer system. The recursive models that this paper uses are efficient models because each recursive model makes one recursive call.
Multi-hop Fuzzy Routing for Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile Sink

Using clustering methods in sensor networks improves their efficiency and management. Moreover, it brings with it the main parameter in sensor networks i.e. decrease in energy consumption. To transfer data to a sink in a network having many nodes, multi-hop methods have to be used. Also in many of the cases, there is a mobile sink (or user) in a network environment. In this paper, using fuzzy logic we present a routing method which divides the network into groups which are like clusters and has the ability of supporting the mobile sink. This routing method has been compared with other routing and clustering methods and the results show the efficiency of the mentioned method.
A new design algorithm for two-band orthonormal rational filter banks and orthonormal rational wavelets

We present a new algorithm for the design of orthonormal two-band rational filter banks. Owing to the connection between iterated rational filter banks and rational wavelets, this is also a design algorithm for orthonormal rational wavelets. It is basically a simple iterative procedure, which explains its exponential convergence and adaptability under various linear constraints (e,g., regularity). Although the filters obtained from this algorithm are suboptimally designed, they show excellent frequency selectivity. After an in-depth account of the algorithm, we discuss the properties of the rational wavelets generated by some designed filters. In particular, we stress the possibility to design "almost" shift error-free wavelets, which allows the implementation of a rational wavelet transform.
Role of LytF and AtlS in eDNA Release by Streptococcus gordonii

Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is an important component of the biofilm matrix produced by many bacteria. In general, the release of eDNA is associated with the activity of muralytic enzymes leading to obvious cell lysis. In the Gram-positive oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii, eDNA release is dependent on pyruvate oxidase generated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Addition of H2O2 to cells grown under conditions non-permissive for H2O2 production causes eDNA release. Furthermore, eDNA release is maximal under aerobic growth conditions known to induce pyruvate oxidase gene expression and H2O2 production. Obvious cell lysis, however, does not occur. Two enzymes have been recently associated with eDNA release in S. gordonii. The autolysin AtlS and the competence regulated murein hydrolase LytF. In the present report, we investigated the role of both proteins in the H2O2 dependent eDNA release process. Single and double mutants in the respective genes for LytF and AtlS released less eDNA under normal growth conditions, but the AtlS mutant was still inducible for eDNA release by external H2O2. Moreover, we showed that the AtlS mutation interfered with the ability of S. gordonii to produce eDNA release inducing amounts of H2O2. Our data support a role of LytF in the H2O2 eDNA dependent release of S. gordonii as part of the competence stress pathway responding to oxidative stress.
Some properties of the -calculus

In this paper, we present the -calculus which at the typed level corresponds to the full classical propositional natural deduction system. The Church–Rosser property of this system is proved using the standardisation and the finiteness developments theorem. We also define the leftmost reduction and prove that it is a winning strategy.
Electron Beam-Induced Writing of Nanoscale Iron Wires on a Functional Metal Oxide

Electron beam-induced surface activation (EBISA) has been used to grow wires of iron on rutile TiO2(110)-(1 × 1) in ultrahigh vacuum. The wires have a width down to ∼20 nm and hence have potential utility as interconnects on this dielectric substrate. Wire formation was achieved using an electron beam from a scanning electron microscope to activate the surface, which was subsequently exposed to Fe(CO)5. On the basis of scanning tunneling microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements, the activation mechanism involves electron beam-induced surface reduction and restructuring.
A Romanian university students’ profile regarding their migration intentions. A cross-sectional study based on questionnaire survey

This paper has as main purpose both the description and the validation of a set of hypothetical traits, corresponding to some profiles of the students from Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi (Romania), regarding their migration intentions, based on a questionnaire survey consistent in terms of number and structure of variables and responses. There are some arguments to justify the complex and cross-sectional attributes of the study. The first to be mentioned among such reasons is the constructivist approach behind the process, oriented to both data cleansing and intrinsic and extrinsic derivations. Then, the collaborative and distributed way of both entering the data, through a shared input form and writing and reviewing the article ideas, the comparative style and the multidimensional used context-based analysis methods, constitute another solid arguments to justify this scientific research. The results were presented as a set of specific traits, confirming some of the a priori profiles identified on our initial hypothesis. These ideas were basically confirmed after performing many comparative analysis, based on the collected questionnaire data, showing important differentiation among two heterogenous groups of students.
Classroom Practices and Academic Outcomes in Urban Afterschool Programs: Alleviating Social-Behavioral Risk

Given the potential of afterschool programs to support youth in urban, low-income communities, we examined the role of afterschool classroom ecology in the academic outcomes of Latino and African American youth with and without social-behavioral risk. Using multireporter methods and multilevel analysis, we find that positive classroom ecology (i.e., social dynamics, responsive instruction, and organized management) positively predicted academic skills and self-concept across 1 year. For academic skills, the association was magnified for students with social-behavioral difficulties; for academic self-concept, the association was magnified for students without social-behavioral difficulties. No significant relation was found between fall classroom ecology and spring academic engagement; yet in classrooms with more positive ecology, youth with initial social-behavioral risk were more academically engaged. Results suggest the need to consider the role of afterschool classrooms and instructors in promoting supportive interactions and advancing academic outcomes for youth facing distal and proximal risk at the transition to adolescence.