Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised orthogonal tensor neighborhood preserving embedding for face recognition

The deficiency of supervised discriminant information is the problem of Orthogonal Tensor Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (OTNPE) proposed recently for face recognition. So a dimension reduction algorithm called Supervised Orthogonal Tensor Neighborhood Preserving Embedding (SOTNPE) is proposed in the paper. On the basic of OTNPE, the algorithm achieves neighborhood reconstructions within the same class, preserving supervised class label information and neighborhood reconstruction information. Experiments on AR and YaleB face datasets show our proposed algorithm is efficient.
Projecting regional climate and cropland changes using a linked biogeophysical‐socioeconomic modeling framework: 1. Model description and an equilibrium application over West Africa

Agricultural land use alters regional climate through modifying the surface mass, energy, and momentum fluxes; climate influences agricultural land use through their impact on crop yields. These interactions are not well understood and have not been adequately considered in climate projections. This study tackles the critical linkages within the coupled natural‐human system of West Africa in a changing climate based on an equilibrium application of a modeling framework that asynchronously couples models of regional climate, crop yield, multimarket agricultural economics, and cropland expansion. Using this regional modeling framework driven with two global climate models, we assess the contributions of land use change (LUC) and greenhouse gas (GHGs) concentration changes to regional climate changes and assess the contribution of climate change and socioeconomic factors to agricultural land use changes. For future cropland expansion in West Africa, our results suggest that socioeconomic development would be the dominant driver in the east (where current cropland coverage is already high) and climate changes would be the primary driver in the west (where future yield drop is severe). For future climate, it is found that agricultural expansion would cause a dry signal in the west and a wet signal in the east downwind, with an east‐west contrast similar to the GHG‐induced changes. Over a substantial portion of West Africa, the strength of the LUC‐induced climate signals is comparable to the GHG‐induced changes. Uncertainties originating from the driving global models are small; human decision making related to land use and international trade is a major source of uncertainty.
Gaussian process emulators for spatial individual‐level models of infectious disease

Statistical inference for spatial models of infectious disease spread is often very computationally expensive. These models are generally fitted in a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, which requires multiple iterations of the computationally cumbersome likelihood function. We here propose a method of inference based on so‐called emulation techniques. Once again the method is set in a Bayesian MCMC context, but avoids calculation of the computationally expensive likelihood function by replacing it with a Gaussian process approximation of the likelihood function built from simulated data. We show that such a method can be used to infer the model parameters and underlying characteristics of the spatial disease system, and this can be done in a computationally efficient manner. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 480–501; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
Impact of Baseline and Week 2 and Week 4 Posttransplant CMV Cell-Mediated Immunity on Risk of CMV Infections and Mortality in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common opportunistic infection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT). We explored whether a change in CMV cell-mediated immunity during the first month after transplant predicts the risk of development of CMV infection and all-cause mortality. Methods This follow-up analysis is based on data from the REACT study, a multicenter prospective observational study of recipients of alloHCT who were CMV-seropositive. Production of interferon γ following ex vivo stimulation with CMV antigens IE1 (immediate early 1) and pp65 (phosphoprotein 65) was assessed by CMV ELISPOT assay at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks after transplant. Clinically significant CMV infection (CS-CMVi) was defined as CMV viremia and/or disease necessitating antiviral therapy. We evaluated the impact of CMV CMI changes on the risk of CS-CMVi and post transplant mortality. Results The analysis included 226 recipients of alloHCT with CMV cell-mediated immunity data at baseline and 2 and/or 4 weeks after transplant. CS-CMVi occurred in 64 patients (28%). On Cox regression analyses, independent predictors of CS-CMVi included a negative Δ change from baseline to week 2 of pp65 spot counts (hazard ratio, 3.65 [95% CI, 1.65–8.04]; P = .001) to week 4 of IE1 spot counts (hazard ratio, 2.79 [95% CI, 1.46–5.35]; P = .002), anti-thymocyte globulin conditioning regimen, type of transplant, female sex, and corticosteroid use. Kaplan-Meir analysis showed a significant association of a negative IE1 change from baseline to week 4 and increased all-cause mortality after transplant (log rank test = 0.041). Conclusions A decrease in CMV-specific T-cell responses during the first month after transplant may predict CS-CMVi and is associated with all-cause mortality in recipients of alloHCT.
Handling of nonlinear systems using filtered high‐gain output feedback controller

This paper develops a filtered high‐gain output feedback controller for a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of unknown state‐dependent and time‐varying nonlinearities. It considers that the nonlinearities satisfy a semiglobal Lipschitz condition. The presence of high‐gain observer in the adaptive law delivers a good property of disturbance rejection at the cost of peaking phenomenon as well as reduced robustness. The addition of filtering mechanism in the control law overcomes the cons of high‐gain observer and makes it robust to uncertainties in modeling the nonlinear functions. In this way, the filtered high‐gain output feedback controller realizes nonlinear time‐varying uncertainty cancelation and good tracking delivering with guaranteed robustness. The simulation results demonstrate the high efficiency of our novel design for handling of a class of nonlinear systems in the presence of time‐varying uncertainty when compared with saturated control signal.
On the insertion time of random walk cuckoo hashing

Cuckoo Hashing is a hashing scheme invented by pervious study of Pagh and Rodler. It uses d ≥ 2 distinct hash functions to insert n items into the hash table of size m = (1 + ε)n. In their original paper they treated d = 2 and m = (2 + ε)n. It has been an open question for some time as to the expected time for Random Walk Insertion to add items when d > 2. We show that if the number of hash functions d ≥ dε = O(1) then the expected insertion time is O(1) per item.
English Semantic Recognition Based on Abstract Meaning Representation and Vector Space Model

With the development and application of computer science and technology innovation, artificial intelligence industry has achieved sharp development, and its technology has been widely used in many fields, such as natural language processing, robot manufacturing, semantic recognition, information system development, etc. In terms of natural language processing, the recognition and understanding of human language based on artificial intelligence has become the focus of research. And as semantic recognition and processing play an important part of natural language processing, they have achieved satisfactory results in the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) and Vector Space Model (VSM) development and application. Based on this, this paper takes the English recognition as the research object, adopts the scientific research methods such as literature analysis, practice investigation and experimental research, further analyzes English semantic recognition based on AMR and VSM from the aspects of semantic recognition difficulty, principles of AMR and VSM and its application in English recognition, as well as the practical applications. The author hopes to provide references for future research.
Enhance germination, seedling growth and vigor of rice by increasing concentration of CO2

: Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Asia produces and consumes about 90% of all. Carbon dioxide levels are rapidly increasing in the atmosphere from 270 ppm to 384 ppm in 2009 and then 401 ppm in 2016. Different studies show that increasing CO2 has a positive impact on rice by enhancing the photosynthetic rate while others claim that long them Co2 can mediate the adverse effect on rice. Different research has been done on rice under elevated CO2. Most of the studies concerned physiology and yield. As the effect of elevated CO2 on seedlings has not been studied yet, here we applied 800ppm CO2 for 8 days and collected data. The results showed that elevated CO2 significantly increased rice seedling growth, germination rate, vigor, and speed of germination which increased from 83% to 92%.
Ultrasmall in-plane demultiplexer enabled by an arrayed one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavity

Abstract. We propose a design for silicon-on-chip integrated eight-channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) demultiplexer, which consists of parallel-arrayed one-dimensional (1-D) photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (PCNCs) with high-Q over 105 and large free spectral range of ∼200 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is for the first time that a 1-D PCNC-based demultiplexer is presented. The performance of the device is investigated theoretically by using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. To enable eight-channel parallel arrayed 1-D PCNCs to be coupled to on-chip optical networks for higher integration and multiplex application, an 1 × 8 taper-type equal optical power splitter is used to connect all channels simultaneously. The total device footprint is as small as 12 μm × 15 μm (width × length), which is decreased by five times compared to that per channel in the recent two-dimensional (2-D) PC-based demultiplexer. Moreover, the average channel spacing smaller than 115 GHz is achieved, which is more than two times smaller than that of 2-D PC nanocavity devices, demonstrating that the arrayed nanocavities have the potential for developing ultracompact 100-GHz spaced filters in a dense WDM system. Thus, we believe that the results demonstrated in this work is promising for the future on-chip photonics integrated circuits and optical communication systems.
Gamma-ray spectral modulations of astrophysical sources caused by photon-ALPs mixing

Well-motivated extensions of the standard model of the particle physics predict ultralight and fundamental pseudo-scalar particles (e.g., axions or axion-like particles: ALPs) to exist. Similarly to the Primakoff-effect for axions, ALPs can mix with photons and consequently be searched for in laboratory experiments and with astrophysical observations. An indication for an anomalous transparency of the Universe has been found for gamma-rays propagating through cosmological distances. A possible explanation of this anomaly could be the mixing of energetic photons with an ultra-light ALPs which is related to a Peccei-Quinn type U(1) symmetry broken at a higher energy scale. In this thesis, we investigated the observational data of orbital gamma-ray telescope and used energy spectra to search for deviations from the expected optical depth and constrain the parameter space of ALPs. We analyzed the data recorded with the Fermi -LAT from Galactic pulsars selected to have a line of sight crossing spiral arms at a large pitch angle. The large-scale Galactic magnetic field traces the shape of spiral arms, such that a sizable photon-ALP conversion probability is expected for the sources considered. In nine years of Fermi -LAT data, we detect significant spectral features in the selected source-sample consistent with photonALPs oscillation with a combined statistical significance of 4.6 σ. From a common fit to all sources, we determine the most-likely parameters for mass ma and coupling gaγγ to be ma = (3.6 +0.5stat. −0.2stat. ± 0.2syst.) neV and gaγγ = (2.3 +0.3stat. −0.4stat. ± 0.4syst.)× 10 −10 GeV−1. In the error budget, we consider instrumental effects, scaling of the adopted Galactic magnetic field model ( 20–40 %), and uncertainties on the distance of individual sources. We refined the search method and improved the existing magnetic field models in the Galaxy and in inter-galactic space with the Planck data. We note, however, that we do have limited knowledge about the magnetic field structure, especially for the sources which are located in the inner part of the Galaxy and also that the crucial opening angle of the spiral arms is not well constrained. Besides, with the help of other Galactic magnetic field model, it is interesting to note that our ALP-hypothesis works nicely. Additionally, a similar study has been conducted for selected bright Galactic plane and non-Galactic plane sources. Some of the sources exhibit spectral irregularities due to iv photon-ALPs mixing, however it is nice to see that spectral features for the sources differ with the location as the photons emitted from an astrophysical source traverse through different intensity magnetic field domain. A multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) for the non-Galactic plane sources have been shown to study the astronomical features of the sources.
Perceived Effectiveness of COVID-19 Preventive Practices and Behavioral Intention: Survey of a Representative Adult Sample in the United States

Background Using existing models of behavioral health promotion, specifically the Extended Parallel Process Model, previous research has identified factors that may impact engagement in preventive health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic such as perceived threat, perceived susceptibility to the threat, perceived severity, and perceived efficacy. Objective This study aims to examine the role of perceived effectiveness of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, perceived susceptibility, perceived threat, and perceived severity of COVID-19 in participants’ intentions to engage in Centers for Disease Control (CDC)–recommended individual health behaviors in the first year of the pandemic. Methods In October 2020, a representative sample of 506 US adults completed a web-based survey through the RAND American Life Panel. Results The study primarily found that participants who perceived that CDC-recommended health practices were effective had stronger intentions to engage in those practices. The second strongest correlate was participants’ perceived severity of COVID-19 across the United States. Perceived effectiveness of recommended practices accounted for the largest variance in behavioral intention. However, analysis of individual behaviors indicated a mismatch in the behaviors perceived to be the most effective (avoiding sick people and mask-wearing) and those participants indicated intention to engage in (throwing away used tissues, avoiding sick people, and coughing into their elbows) in the next 30 days. Conclusions The authors recommend tailoring public health messaging to address the perceived threat of COVID-19 and self-efficacy. Thus, health promotion efforts should emphasize the effectiveness of CDC-recommended practices while highlighting the pandemic’s severity. Additionally, rebuilding trust in public health messaging and messengers is necessary to increase perceived self-efficacy. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, health messaging must continue to promote and build trust in CDC-recommended health practices and educate regarding the efficacy of vaccination and other preventive behaviors.
Simulations of space charge neutralization in a magnetized electron cooler

Magnetized electron cooling at relativistic energies and Ampere scale current is essential to achieve the proposed ion luminosities in a future electron-ion collider (EIC). Neutralization of the space charge in such a cooler can significantly increase the magnetized dynamic friction and, hence, the cooling rate. The Warp framework is being used to simulate magnetized electron beam dynamics during and after the build-up of neutralizing ions, via ionization of residual gas in the cooler. The design follows previous experiments at Fermilab as a verification case. We also discuss the relevance to EIC designs.
Mathematics Activities For Elementary School Teachers A Problem Solving Approach

Thank you for reading mathematics activities for elementary school teachers a problem solving approach. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this mathematics activities for elementary school teachers a problem solving approach, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.
The Life of Adolescents With Eating Disorders and the Coexistence of Depression A Systematic Review

The present review aims to investigate and understand food intake disorders during adolescence in conjunction with the comorbidity of depression. The method chosen to conduct this study was the systematic review. According to the findings it is found, eating disorders do indeed affect adolescents aged 12–17 years, especially girls. Eating disorders negatively affect both physical and mental health. The comorbidity of depression and eating disorders is significant. In addition to symptoms of depression, adolescents appear to have evidence of anxiety disorder and suicidal behaviour. It is also not uncommon for eating disorders to appear in childhood and continue through adolescence and into adulthood.
Systematic study of the hybrid plasmonic-photonic band structure underlying lasing action of diffractive plasmon particle lattices

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Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Chilli Germplasm (Capsicum annuumL.)

Chilli or hot pepper (Capsicum annuumL.), native to new world tropics, is one of the most essentialvegetable and spice crop worldwide. In India, it is an indispensable spice cum vegetable in every household. In the current experiment, the elite 34 genotypes collected locally and throughout India weresubjected to Mahalnobis D2 statistics using Tocher’smethod. Results revealed that the genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters based on Mahalanobi’sD2statistics. Cluster I consisted of 9 genotypes, cluster II had 12 genotypes, cluster IV had 8 genotypes, cluster VI contained 3 genotypes and cluster III & cluster V had single genotype. Maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster III and VI (217.467), and high cluster mean value for yield per plant was recorded in cluster II(65.92g). Pedicel length trait was found to be prominent contributorto the genetic divergence in present experimental material
Titan’s Twilight and Sunset Solar Illumination

We calculate the illumination conditions at Titan’s surface using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model SRTC++, motivated by the proposed Dragonfly Titan lander. We find significant surface illumination during twilight after sunset, with the twilight flux maximized near wavelength. Out to 30° past Titan’s terminator, the twilight illumination exceeds that of Earth’s Moon at full phase in visible red wavelengths ( ). Imaging at night should be quite effective for stationary surface landers if they use long integration times, though it would be less effective for platforms floating on Titan’s seas. Titan sunsets should be underwhelming events at visible wavelengths, with the Sun fading out while still well above the horizon and overall illumination diminishing slowly as the Sun falls below the horizon. Shadows below the lander should receive illumination from diffusely scattered light low in the sky near Titan’s horizon. The total near-horizon illumination maximizes when the Sun is highest in the sky owing to the intensity of multiple scattering.
DC magnetic field sensing based on the nonlinear magnetoelectric effect in magnetic heterostructures

Recently, highly sensitive magnetic field sensors using the magnetoelectric effect in composite ferromagnetic-piezoelectric layered structures have been demonstrated. However, most of the proposed concepts are not useful for measuring dc magnetic fields, because the conductivity of piezoelectric layers results in a strong decline of the sensor’s sensitivity at low frequencies. In this paper, a novel functional principle of magnetoelectric sensors for dc magnetic field measurements is described. The sensor employs the nonlinear effect of voltage harmonic generation in a composite magnetoelectric structure under the simultaneous influence of a strong imposed ac magnetic field and a weak dc magnetic field to be measured. This physical effect arises due to the nonlinear dependence of the magnetostriction in the ferromagnetic layer on the magnetic field. A sensor prototype comprising of a piezoelectric fibre transducer sandwiched between two layers of the amorphous ferromagnetic Metglas® alloy was fabricated. The specifications regarding the magnetic field range, frequency characteristics, and noise level were studied experimentally. The prototype showed the responsivity of 2.5 V mT−1 and permitted the measurement of dc magnetic fields in the range of ~10 nT to about 0.4 mT. Although sensor operation is based on the nonlinear effect, the sensor response can be made linear with respect to the measured magnetic field in a broad dynamic range extending over 5 orders of magnitude. The underlying physics is explained through a simplified theory for the proposed sensor. The functionality, differences and advantages of the magnetoelectric sensor compare well with fluxgate magnetometers. The ways to enhance the sensor performance are considered.
Resource-aware architecture for implementation of quantum aided Byzantine agreement on quantum repeater networks

Quantum aided Byzantine agreement (QBA) is an important distributed quantum algorithm with unique features in comparison to classical deterministic and randomized algorithms, requiring only a constant expected number of rounds in addition to giving higher level of security. In this paper, we analyze details of the high level multi-party algorithm, and propose elements of the design for the quantum architecture and circuits required at each node to run the algorithm on a quantum repeater network. Our optimization techniques have reduced the quantum circuit depth by 44\% and the number of qubits in each node by 20\% for a minimum five-node setup compared to the design based on the standard arithmetic circuits. These improvements lead to an architecture with $KQ \approx 1.3 \times 10^{5}$ per node and error threshold $1.1 \times 10^{-6}$ for the total nodes in the network. The evaluation of the designed architecture shows that to execute the algorithm once on the minimum setup, we need to successfully distribute a total of 648 Bell pairs across the network, spread evenly between all pairs of nodes. This framework can be considered a starting point for establishing a road-map for light-weight demonstration of a distributed quantum application on quantum repeater networks.