Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making the Most of EU Labour Mobility

This Task Force report combines the most recent data from Eurostat with national sources to highlight the most significant labour mobility trends within the EU. Overall, the recent recession has not induced previously immobile workers to become more mobile, at least not in the larger member states. Mobility flows have moved away from crisis countries in response to the economic downturn but the desired increase in south-north mobility has not been observed so far. This leads the authors to conclude that successfully fostering mobility within EU15 countries requires tremendous effort. It is important that workers who are willing and able to move are not discouraged from doing so by unnecessary barriers to mobility. Improving the workings of the EURES system and its online job-matching platform; better cooperation of national employment agencies; streamlining the recognition of qualifications; and supporting language training within the EU are important contributions to labour mobility. The authors conclude that the EU is right to defend the free movement of workers. National governments should keep in mind that their ability to tap into an attractive foreign labour supply also hinges upon the perception of how mobile workers are treated in destination countries. If the political imperative requires regulations to be changed, such as the one guiding the coordination of social security, it is essential that no new mobility barriers are put in place.
Price and quantity setting behaviors of a monopolist facing uncertain product demand: Mean‐risk analyses

Purpose - This paper aims at theoretical exploration of price and quantity setting behaviors of a monopolist encountering uncertain product demand within the mean-risk frameworks. In the microeconomic literature, the relationships between price and quantity have been traditionally studied using the expected utility approach. This paper moves away from the traditional assumptions and compares various types of risk-return approaches and explains why most of the monopoly firms follow pricing strategy instead of quantity setting strategy. Design/methodology/approach - Price setting behavior and quantity setting behavior monopoly firms were examined with endogenous target value and comparative statics were used. Findings - Comparison of various approaches reveals that risk-averse customers might decrease purchases because of the price uncertainty or shift to other suppliers, which may explain why monopoly firms prefer their power over price setting rather than quantity setting. Research limitations/implications - The present study has introduced some testable propositions by comparing different behavioral models of price and quantity setting behaviors of a monopolist facing uncertain product demand. Practical implications - This study contributes to understanding of firm's behavior in the face of uncertainty. Originality/value - The conceptual nature of the paper makes the paper original in its contribution to the existing literature of the theory of firm.
Subspace-based direction-of-arrival estimation for more sources than sensors using planar arrays

We propose a novel subspace-based direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method and an associated planar array geometry optimization technique. The proposed DOA estimation approach allows to estimate the DOAs of more sources than sensors and to resolve manifold ambiguities in the case of uncorrelated signals. It is related to the covariance augmentation (CA) technique, but in contrast to the CA technique, it can be applied to non-uniform planar array geometries.
Exchange Rate Pass-Through into UK Import Prices

In this paper we estimate the rate of exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into UK import prices using disaggregate data at the SITC-2 and SITC-3 digit level. Consistent with earlier studies, we find evidence for significant heterogeneity among the estimated industry-specific pass-through rates. In an environment where cross-sectional heterogeneity is significant the use of aggregate data can be misleading since aggregation may lead to heavily biased ERPT estimates at the economy-wide level. We demonstrate that the aggregation bias caused by this heterogeneity is not negligible for the UK data. Further, we investigate the source of the cross-sectional variation in the estimated industry-specific pass-through rates. For our sample, we find the industry-specific average inflation rates to be significant in explaining this variation. Furthermore, we find evidence for short-run and long-run partial pass-through into food and manufacturing sectors. As for the economy-wide ERPT the conclusion stands, possibly reflecting the relatively large weight of manufacturing goods in UK imports. Finally, we find a significant reduction in estimated ERPT rates since 1995 caused by increased stability of the UK economy over the past decade.
Preliminary study of spam profile detection for social media using Markov Clustering: Case study on Javanese people

In this paper, we report our primary findings in detecting spam profiles on Facebook social media. As we already know, spam profiles on social media especially Facebook is often used as a place to spread spam. Spammers generally use wall post feature on Facebook to spread spam. In addition spammers are also targeting page on Facebook which is a community of many people. In this community, spammers can spread spam as desired. Based on that background, this paper aims is to provide solutions in order to reduce the impact from spammers by using Markov Clustering algorithm to detect spam profile. We used B-Cubed Metrics and F-Measure method to test how the clustering process performs. We obtained 220 profiles in Facebook which contains both normal profile and spam profile of Indonesian Facebook users at Javanese island. B-cubed metrics show accuracy 70% and 74% after applying majority voting to merge cluster into two cluster. F-Measure show accuracy 87% and 88% after applying majority voting. This indicates that algorithm has performed well.
Procedural and declarative knowledge; An evolutionary perspective

It appears that there are resemblances in the organization of memory and the visual system, although the functions of these faculties differ considerably. In this article, the principles behind this organization are discussed. One important principle regards the distinction between declarative and procedural knowledge, between knowing that and knowing how. Declarative knowledge is considered here not as an alternative kind of knowledge, as is usually the case in theories of memory, but as part of procedural knowledge. In our view this leads to another approach with respect to the distinction. Declarative knowledge has occupied more attention in (cognitive) psychological research than can be justified on the basis of the importance of procedural knowledge for behavior. We also discuss the question whether there are other brain faculties that reflect the same organizational characteristics. We conclude with some speculations about the consequent role of consciousness in such a tentative model.
Click-Through Prediction for Sponsored Search Advertising with Hybrid Models

In this paper, we report our approach of KDD Cup 2012 track 2 to predicting the click-through rate (CTR) of advertisements. To accurately predict the CTR of an ad is important for commercial search engine companies for deciding the click prices and the order of impressions. We first implemented three existing methods including Online Bayesian Probit Regression (BPR), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Latent Factor Model (LFM). In order to fully exploit the training set, several Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE)based methods are then proposed to model the instances which appear frequently in the training set. Each of the individual models is optimized by selecting the most descriptive features. We propose a rank-based ensemble method which greatly improves the results of our model and our final submission is based on BPR, SVM and MLE.
Activation phenotype, rather than central– or effector–memory phenotype, predicts the recall efficacy of memory CD8+ T cells

The contributions of different subsets of memory CD8+ T cells to recall responses at mucosal sites of infection are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the CD8+ T cell recall responses to respiratory virus infection in mice and demonstrate that activation markers, such as CD27 and CD43, define three distinct subpopulations of memory CD8+ T cells that differ in their capacities to mount recall responses. These subpopulations are distinct from effector– and central–memory subsets, coordinately express other markers associated with activation status, including CXCR3, CD127, and killer cell lectin-like receptor G1, and are superior to CD62L in predicting the capacity of memory T cells to mediate recall responses. Furthermore, the capacity of vaccines to elicit these memory T cell subpopulations predicted the efficacy of the recall response. These findings extend our understanding of how recall responses are generated and suggest that activation and migration markers define distinct, and unrelated, characteristics of memory T cells.
Coiterative Morphisms: Interactive Equational Reasoning for Bisimulation, using Coalgebras

htmlabstractter: SEN 3 Abstract: We study several techniques for interactive equational reasoning with the bisimulation equivalence. Our work is based on a modular library, formalised in Coq, that axiomatises weakly final coalgebras and bisimulation. As a theory we derive some coalgebraic schemes and an associated coinduction principle. This will help in interactive proofs by coinduction, modular derivation of congruence and co-fixed point equations and enables an extensional treatment of bisimulation. Finally we present a version of the lambda-coinduction proof principle in our framework.
On the Complex Economics of Patent Scope

The economic significance of a patent depends on its scope: the broader the scope, the larger the number of competing products and processes that will infringe the patent. Many theoretical papers have tried to assess the effects of fine tuning various aspects of the patent system to make it more efficient.1 But only a few have focussed on patent scope, 2 even though scope decisions are subject to far more discre-
Adaptive EDCA mechanism for vehicular ad-hoc network

The IEEE 802.11p wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) is defined to provide a networked environment supporting very high speed transactions to enable safety and mobility applications. Adaptive Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism based on IEEE 802.11p WAVE for vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) to improve medium access ratio is proposed in this paper. The priority categories are re-classified from safety information for driver life to non-safety information. When the existing IEEE 802.11 EDCA mechanism operates, it will be referred by priority level. In case of collision, the Contention Window (CW) values increase. But this concept is designed to control CW depending on the density of the vehicles for improving throughput of each access category.
Mandated Science: Science and Scientists in the Making of Standards

One: Introduction to Mandated Science. - Identifying Mandated Science. - The Character of Mandated Science. - The Approach to be Taken in the Study of Mandated Science. - Standard Setting: A Case Study of Mandated Science. - The Design of the Study. - Specific Methodological Decisions. - The Organization of the Book. - Two: An Introduction to Standards. - The Features of Standards. - Confusions in Terminology. - The Data Problem in Standard Setting. - The Debates about Standards. - Standard Setting as an Example of Mandated Science. - Three: In the Eye of the StormCase Study One: The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. - The Early History. - The Active Phase. - The Transition Period. - ACGIH Today. - Membership of the TLV Committee. - Standard Setting in ACGIH. - ACGIH Standards. - Controversies about Standards. - The Status of ACGIH Standards. - The Use of ACGIH Standards. - Discussion. - Four: Alphabet SoupCase Study Two: The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. - The Codex Alimentarius. - The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR). - The Joint Management Committee on Pesticide Residues. - The Three Organizations. - The Standards. - The Status of Codex Standards. - Discussion. - Five: Political ChemicalsCase Study Three: The Toronto Lead Controversy. - Background Information. - Standards in the Toronto Lead Controversy. - The Toronto Lead Controversy (1) - Early History. - The Toronto Lead Controversy (2) - the Case Goes to Court. - The Toronto Lead Controversy (3) - Words Become Dangerous. - The Toronto Lead Controversy (4) - Studying the Problem. - The Toronto Lead Controversy (5) - The Hearing Acts as a Court. - Discussion. - Six: An Economic PoisonCase Study Four: Pentachlorophenol. - Sorne Background Information. - The Standards. - History of the Controversy. - Discussion. - Seven: Standards Revisited. - The Characteristics of Standards. - The Character of Standard Setting: The Two Organizations. - The Character of Standard Setting: The Two Controversies. - Standards and the Debate about Regulation. - The Debate about Standards: Prescriptive versus Performance Standards. - Standards and Mandated Science. - Eight: Mandated Science. - The Character of Mandated Science. - Questions Arising from the Study of Mandated Science. - The Debates in Mandated Science. - Conclusions from the Study of Mandated Science. - Notes.
Power Email: Efficient Email Entry on Pen-Based Handheld Devices

Email access from handheld devices is cumbersome, partly because of the considerable effort in entering text using pen-based devices. Even though much research has been done on improving text entry speed on handheld devices, little research has been done on text entry for e-mail messages. In this paper, we utilize the user knowledge and application semantics of email to enable easy and fast email entry on pen-based devices. We introduce several text entry techniques that combine Graffiti with a word selection interface where the user can complete words by choosing from a menu. We report several experiments that evaluate these techniques. These experiments revealed that the two most effective methods were personalized text entry and message in context. We measured a significant improvement in text entry speed, reduction in input effort and reduction in input error rate.
Diffusive synchrotron radiation from pulsar wind nebulae

Diffusive synchrotron radiation (DSR) is produced by charged particles as they random walk in a stochastic magnetic field. The spectrum of the radiation produced by particles in such fields differs substantially from those of standard synchrotron emission because the corresponding particle trajectories deviate significantly from gyration in a regular field. The Larmor radius, therefore, is no longer a good measure of the particle trajectory. In this paper, we analyse a special DSR regime which arises as highly relativistic electrons move through magnetic fields which have only random structure on a wide range of spatial scales. Such stochastic fields arise in turbulent processes, and are likely present in pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). We show that DSR generated by a single population of electrons can reproduce the observed broad-band spectra of PWNe from the radio to the X-ray, in particular producing relatively flat spectrum radio emission as is usually observed in PWNe. DSR can explain the existence of several break frequencies in the broad-band emission spectrum without recourse to breaks in the energy spectrum of the relativistic particles. The shape of the radiation spectrum depends on the spatial spectrum of the stochastic magnetic field. The implications of the presented DSR regime for PWN physics are discussed.
A Simple Data Transfer Technique Using Local Address for Networks-on-Chips

Networks-on-chips (NoCs) have been studied to connect a number of modules in a chip by introducing a network structure which is similar to that in parallel computers. Since embedded streaming applications usually generate predictable small-sized data traffic, the network structure can be customized to the target traffic. Accordingly, we develop a data transfer technique for simplifying routers for predictable small-sized communication in simple tile-based architectures. A data structure is split into single-flit packets, and a label is attached to each of them in order to route them independently. A label is transferred on dedicated wires beside data lines in a channel by taking advantage of relaxed pin count limitations of a channel. To reduce the wiring area for the label, the label is locally assigned according to a preanalysis of required communication pairs of nodes. Analysis results show that only a 3-bit local label is sufficient to route all data of evaluated streaming applications in the case of a 16-node 2D torus. The required amount of hardware for a router is reduced by 37 percent compared with that for a wormhole packet router with the same number of routing table entries
Intelligent Block Placement Strategy in Heterogeneous Hadoop Clusters

MapReduce is an important distributed processing model for large-scale data-intensive applications. As an open-source implementation of MapReduce, Hadoop provides enterprises with a cost-efficient solution for their analytics needs. However, the default HDFS block placement policy assumes that computing nodes in a cluster are homogeneous, and tries to balance load by placing blocks randomly, which is insufficient to address the system’s self-adaptability. In this paper, we propose a partition-based hierarchical architecture for Hadoop. Based on this architecture, we take the impact of resource characteristics, e.g. disk space utilization and computing capacity of each node into consideration, and propose an intelligent block placement strategy. In this strategy, three mechanisms are given to guarantee the reliability and scalability of Hadoop. Experiments are conducted to show that the proposed strategies not only make sure the load balancing in the whole cluster and minimize the total data moved, but also significantly improve the performance of MapReduce.
Samples and statistics of CSS and GPS sources

Several samples have been proposed in the last years in order to study the properties of intrinsically small sources. In this paper, we review the properties of the main samples that are currently available, both selected on the basis of spectral index and of morphology. As a result of the work in this area, large numbers of intrinsically small sources have been found. We summarize the present status of hot spot advance measurements, listing 18 sources with available VLBI data. The mean hot spot separation velocity is vsep = (0.19 ± 0.11) h–1c, and the kinematic ages span the range from 20 to 3000 years. Finally, we present a brief outlook on the use of future instrumentation in order to improve our understanding of radio source evolution. Prospects for VSOP2, e-VLA, e-MERLIN, LOFAR, ALMA, and Fermi are suggested (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
OrienTel – Arabic speech resources for the IT market

A survey of the language resources market clearly shows that the Arabic language is still a stepchild of international R&D efforts in the field of speech recognition. OrienTel for the first time makes an effort to create speech data on a large scale. It does so by profiting from the experience of previous SpeechDat projects and from the European Commission’s policy to embrace non-EU Mediterranean and surrounding countries. The participants of OrienTel will collect Standard and Colloquial varieties of Arabic in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Egypt, Israel + Palestine, Tunisia and Morocco, supplemented by other languages of the region. Help in creating an Arabic network of speech experts is appreciated.
Striking Evidence? Demand Persistence for Inter-City Buses from German Railway Strikes

This paper investigates the effect of the largest rail strikes in German history in 2014-2015 on long-distance buses – a newly liberalized market. Using a novel dataset of detailed bus ticket sales and rail cancellations, I find that the primary channel that drives ticket sales during the strike is whether the absolute bus travel time was sufficiently short. In a difference-indifferences framework, I exploit this variation to identify any demand persistence. Although the common trend assumption does not seem to be completely tenable in the given context, my results point to a persistent effect on the ticket sales for inter-city buses on the affected routes.
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The paper describes a technique for comparison of c omputational effectiveness of two approaches to generation of approximately Paret o-op imal solutions with the use of metaheuristics. In the on-line generation ap proach the approximately Pareto-optimal solutions are generated during the i nt ractive process, e.g. by optimization of some scalarizing functions. In the off-line generation approach, the solutions are generated prior to the interactiv e process with the use of multiple objective metaheuristics. The results of experiment o travelling salesperson instances indicate that in the case of some multipl e objective metheuristics the off-line generation approach may be computationally effective alternative to the on-line generation of approximately Pareto-optimal solutions.
The Discovery of Novel Biomarkers Improves Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtype Prediction and Reconciles the Labels in the METABRIC Data Set

Background The prediction of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes has been introduced as a valuable strategy to determine patient diagnosis and prognosis, and therapy response. The PAM50 method, based on the expression levels of 50 genes, uses a single sample predictor model to assign subtype labels to samples. Intrinsic errors reported within this assay demonstrate the challenge of identifying and understanding the breast cancer groups. In this study, we aim to: a) identify novel biomarkers for subtype individuation by exploring the competence of a newly proposed method named CM1 score, and b) apply an ensemble learning, as opposed to the use of a single classifier, for sample subtype assignment. The overarching objective is to improve class prediction. Methods and Findings The microarray transcriptome data sets used in this study are: the METABRIC breast cancer data recorded for over 2000 patients, and the public integrated source from ROCK database with 1570 samples. We first computed the CM1 score to identify the probes with highly discriminative patterns of expression across samples of each intrinsic subtype. We further assessed the ability of 42 selected probes on assigning correct subtype labels using 24 different classifiers from the Weka software suite. For comparison, the same method was applied on the list of 50 genes from the PAM50 method. Conclusions The CM1 score portrayed 30 novel biomarkers for predicting breast cancer subtypes, with the confirmation of the role of 12 well-established genes. Intrinsic subtypes assigned using the CM1 list and the ensemble of classifiers are more consistent and homogeneous than the original PAM50 labels. The new subtypes show accurate distributions of current clinical markers ER, PR and HER2, and survival curves in the METABRIC and ROCK data sets. Remarkably, the paradoxical attribution of the original labels reinforces the limitations of employing a single sample classifiers to predict breast cancer intrinsic subtypes.