Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resonation in the model of human occupation : a pilot study

This pilot study of resonation in the model of human occupation examines the belief that successful performance of craft activities will positively influence belief in skill (BIS). Juvenile delinquents participated in craft activities and interviews to help answer the question "What is the difference in the youths' BIS before and after intervention? " Increases in BIS were significant for: (a) the combination of craft activities in which the youths participated, and (b) other performance subsystem activities not specifically practiced during the study. This offers preliminary support for resonation since changes in the performance subsystem seem to have positively influenced subjects' BIS (volition subsystem). Future studies are needed to explain how the resonation dynamic operates.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation shows impaired transcallosal inhibition in Marchiafava–Bignami syndrome

A case of Marchiafava–Bignami (MB) syndrome with selective callosal involvement was evaluated by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the acute phase and 6 months after the onset of symptoms; at the same time, the corticospinally and transcallosally mediated effects elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were investigated. The first MRI study showed the presence of extensive abnormal signal intensity throughout the entire corpus callosum. After high‐dose corticosteroid administration her symptoms rapidly resolved, in parallel with the reversion of MRI changes, except for severe cognitive impairment. Follow‐up TMS examination revealed persistent transcallosal inhibition (TI) abnormalities. This report indicates that the measurement of TI during the course of MB syndrome is useful for evaluating functional changes to the corpus callosum, including their evaluation with time and after treatment and for elucidating the pathophysiology of MB syndrome.
Technical Performance of the MAGIC Telescopes

The MAGIC-I telescope is the largest single-dish Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov telescope in the world. A second telescope, MAGIC-II, will operate in coincidence with MAGIC-I in stereoscopic mode. MAGIC-II is a clone of MAGIC-I, but with a number of significant improvements, namely a highly pixelized camera with a wider trigger area, improved optical analog signal transmission and a 2-4 GSps fast readout. All the technical elements of MAGIC-II were installed by the end of 2008. The telescope is currently undergoing commissioning and integration with MAGIC-I. An update of the technical performance of MAGIC-I, a description of all the hardware elements of MAGIC-II and first results of the combined technical performance of the two telescopes will be reported.
High Resolution Spectroscopy with a Quantum Cascade Laser at 2.5 THz

The quantum cascade laser (QCL) is a powerful, narrow linewidth, and continuous wave source of terahertz radiation. We have characterized a 23 THz distributed feedback QCL with respect to linevvidth and frequency tunability. Both were found to be sufficiently good for high resolution gas phase spectroscopy. The QCL was implemented in a spectrometer for high resolution gas phase spectroscopy where the absolute frequency of the laser was determined by mixing its radiation with the radiation of a 2.5 THz optically pumped gas laser. The absolute frequency as well as the pressure broadening of a rotational transition of methanol at 2.519 THz was measured. The results demonstrate that THz QCLs are well suited for either direct absorption or heterodyne high resolution spectroscopy.
Effects of Playing versus Observing Violent versus Nonviolent Video Games on Children's Aggression.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the short-term effects of playing or observing violent vs. nonviolent video games on children's aggression. DESIGN: Experimental Study. Children completed picture-frustration study, with responses independently and blindly scored by second and third authors of study. Rating scores were averaged. Children either played or observed two violent or two nonviolent video games, and completed a help/hurt apparatus. Subjects and Setting: N=146 second through sixth graders from a university-affiliated school in central Illinois, mostly middle class participants. Intervention(s): Children played or observed violent or nonviolent video games for 14 minutes and then completed aggression measures. Outcome Measure(s): Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, aggression and type of aggression, personality measure, post-experiment questionnaire. RESULTS: Study found no significant short-term differences in aggressive behavior after exposure or playing of violent vs. nonviolent video games. For violent video game condition, number of hurt responses M=9.1, SD= 3.7 while for nonviolent video games M=10, SD= 4.1. Number of help responses for violent video games M=10.9, SD=3.7, and for nonviolent video games M=10.0, SD= 4.1. Male participants hurt the other (fictional) child more than female participants, and were more likely to exhibit aggressive behavior, were more defensive when frustrated, were less likely to persistently attempt to get their needs met, and showed less self-blaming than female participants. CONCLUSIONS: Suggest that results may have been impacted due to presence of a peer during the video game playing and that as opposed to realistic television violence, the less realistic video game graphics may have resulted in differences between the effects of television viewing and video game playing. Recommend further research utilizing a longer study period. © Center on Media and Child Health Keywords: Aggression Altruism Child Attitudes Children Elementary School Students Gender Differences Hostility Passive Exposure Psychology Short Term Effects Video Games Violence (Media Content) Language: en
Restorative Justice and Earned Redemption

The author provides a comprehensive discussion of the roots of the new reintegrative and restorative justice theories as well as the success of current, preliminary applications of these theories. Arguing that the traditional and opposing theories of the retributive paradigm and the treatment model offer only a simplistic choice between helping or hurting offenders, the author contends that these systems fail to address adequately the needs of communities and victims. In place of these two paradigms, he suggests a new model that he terms reintegrative or restorative justice. This new theory, based on specific cultural approaches to crime found in New Zealand, Japan, and elsewhere, seeks to address the needs of communities and victims through apology and reparation, a process that hopefully leads to the reintegration of offenders into society.
T-Chain: A General Incentive Scheme for Cooperative Computing

In this paper, we propose a simple, distributed, but highly efficient fairness-enforcing incentive mechanism for cooperative computing. The proposed incentive scheme, called Triangle Chaining (T-Chain), enforces reciprocity to minimize the exploitable aspects of other schemes that allow free-riding. In T-Chain, symmetric key cryptography provides the basis for a lightweight, almost-fair exchange protocol, which is coupled with a pay-it-forward mechanism. This combination increases the opportunity for multi-lateral exchanges and further maximizes the resource utilization of participants, each of whom is assumed to operate solely for his or her own benefit. T-Chain also provides barrier-free entry to newcomers with flexible resource allocation, providing them with immediate benefits, and therefore is suitable for dynamic environments with high churn (i.e., Turnover). TChain is distributed and simple to implement, as no trusted third party is required to monitor or enforce the scheme, nor is there any reliance on reputation information or tokens.
Energy Use in Day Care Centers and Schools

Typically the aim in the construction process is to calculate the energy, space and cost efficiency in the design phase. These factors’ influence on decision making extends to the whole building process. How these decisions affect the use of the building and user satisfaction as well as maintenance is still not that well understood. This study analyses different schools and day care centers and their energy as well as primary energy use. The buildings are located in southern Finland. Each building has had different objectives with respect to energy efficiency in the design phase. Our objective was to find out how those decisions made in the design and construction phase have influenced the overall energy performance of the building compared to existing building stock of similar building type. The results show that the studied buildings had lower thermal energy consumption compared to existing building stock. Thus the special attention in the design phase allowed achieving the desired goal. However, for the electricity consumption such a correlation could not be found. One of the reasons could be also different service level of buildings (more equipment). Also other quality values could not be compared since such data were not available from the existing building stock. As many earlier studies have indicated users have a high influence on the energy consumption. In the future, when feed-back from the users are obtained it will be interesting to analyze the results and compare what kind of influence that user behavior will have on the overall energy consumption of the studied buildings.
Has fecundability been declining in recent years in developed countries?

Summary It is suggested that dizygotic twinning rates and fecundability are closely related and that the recent declines in dizygotic twinning rates may have been accompanied by declines in fecundability in developed societies. Records on twinning rates for many countries are readily accessible in national vital statistics; demographers may therefore find that changes in dizygotic twinning rates may be a useful monitor of changes in fecundability. The question arises whether this decline in fecundability has been responsible, to any appreciable extent, for the decline in birth rates experienced in recent years by developed countries.
Embodying values in technology: Theory and practice

INTRODUCTION The idea that values may be embodied in technical systems and devices (artifacts) has taken root in a variety of disciplinary approaches to the study of technology, society, and humanity (Winner 1986; Latour 1992; Hughes 2004; MacKenzie and Wajcman 1985). A pragmatic turn from this largely descriptive posture sets forth values as a design aspiration, exhorting designers and producers to include values, purposively, in the set of criteria by which the excellence of technologies is judged. If an ideal world is one in which technologies promote not only instrumental values such as functional efficiency, safety, reliability, and ease of use, but also the substantive social, moral, and political values to which societies and their peoples subscribe, then those who design systems have a responsibility to take these latter values as well as the former into consideration as they work. (See, for example, Friedman and Nissenbaum 1996, Mitcham 1995, and Nissenbaum 1998.) In technologically advanced, liberal democracies, this set of such values may include liberty, justice, enlightenment, privacy, security, friendship, comfort, trust, autonomy, and sustenance. It is one thing to subscribe, generally, to these ideals, even to make a pragmatic commitment to them, but putting them into practice, which can be considered a form of political or moral activism, in the design of technical systems is not straightforward. Experienced designers will recall the not too distant past when interface, usability, and even safety were overlooked features of software system design.
Charge as a Selection Criterion for Translocation through the Nuclear Pore Complex

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are highly selective filters that control the exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm. The principles that govern selective filtering by NPCs are not fully understood. Previous studies find that cellular proteins capable of fast translocation through NPCs (transport receptors) are characterized by a high proportion of hydrophobic surface regions. Our analysis finds that transport receptors and their complexes are also highly negatively charged. Moreover, NPC components that constitute the permeability barrier are positively charged. We estimate that electrostatic interactions between a transport receptor and the NPC result in an energy gain of several k B T, which would enable significantly increased translocation rates of transport receptors relative to other cellular proteins. We suggest that negative charge is an essential criterion for selective passage through the NPC.
Gambling by college students: Personality characteristics and acceptability of internet-based treatment

Personality disorders are associated with Pathological Gambling (PG) among adults. Little is known, however, about these symptoms in college-student gamblers. In addition, little is known about the current prevalence or treatment preferences of college gamblers. An online survey of gambling practices and personality characteristics was conducted, as well as a series of focus groups evaluating a web-based gambling treatment program. A higher prevalence of PG was observed among college students than previously reported. College students with PG displayed similar personality disorder symptoms to those observed among adults with PG. Students preferred free or reducedcost treatment. Focus group participants provided favorable reviews of the web-based PG program. However, few students who met the PG criteria regarded their behavior as problematic. Results suggest that PG may be becoming more prevalent on college campuses, and Internet-based treatment may be a viable treatment option, particularly that which includes attention to personality disorder symptoms.
GoldRush: Resource efficient in situ scientific data analytics using fine-grained interference aware execution

Severe I/O bottlenecks on High End Computing platforms call for running data analytics in situ. Demonstrating that there exist considerable resources in compute nodes un-used by typical high end scientific simulations, we leverage this fact by creating an agile runtime, termed GoldRush, that can harvest those otherwise wasted, idle resources to efficiently run in situ data analytics. GoldRush uses fine-grained scheduling to “steal” idle resources, in ways that minimize interference between the simulation and in situ analytics. This involves recognizing the potential causes of on-node resource contention and then using scheduling methods that prevent them. Experiments with representative science applications at large scales show that resources harvested on compute nodes can be leveraged to perform useful analytics, significantly improving resource efficiency, reducing data movement costs incurred by alternate solutions, and posing negligible impact on scientific simulations.
Evolutionary conservation in protein folding kinetics.

The sequence and structural conservation of folding transition states have been predicted on theoretical grounds. Using homologous sequence alignments of proteins previously characterized via coupled mutagenesis/kinetics studies, we tested these predictions experimentally. Only one of the six appropriately characterized proteins exhibits a statistically significant correlation between residues' roles in transition state structure and their evolutionary conservation. However, a significant correlation is observed between the contributions of individual sequence positions to the transition state structure across a set of homologous proteins. Thus the structure of the folding transition state ensemble appears to be more highly conserved than the specific interactions that stabilize it.
Spatial normalization of spine MR images for statistical correlation of lesions with clinical symptoms.

An image analysis method was developed for spatial normalization of spine magnetic resonance images. A deformable shape model of the spine is first constructed, and it is subsequently used by an automated algorithm to find a shape transformation that places patient data into a stereotactic space. Very good agreement with manual segmentations was observed. The main application of this method is in lesion-deficit analysis for determining associations between structural damage and clinical symptoms.
INTERSPEECH 2006-ICSLP g System for a Mobile Robot

Topics in situated and task oriented communication depend heavily on the given, often changing environment, making the detection of predetermined topics in many cases useless. Detection of non-predefined topics can enhance Human-Robot-Interaction (HRI) in a variety of ways, though. In this paper we propose a way to dynamically determine topics during Human-Robot-Communication using well established techniques such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). The procedure is based on multimodal cues, supporting the view that topics are not simply a property of spoken or written language, but of multimodal situated communication. An online version of the topic detection system has been developed and is currently being tested on our mobile robot BIRON. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we present the results of an evaluation of our system on the BITT corpus.
Towards an omnidirectional catadioptric RGB-D camera

In this paper we address the 3D reconstruction of points, on a non-central catadioptric system, composed by a mirror, a projector, and a perspective camera. The goal of the paper is to propose a framework to build an omnidirectional depth camera, towards an omnidirectional RGB-D camera system. The main contributions are: an efficient technique to project 3D points from the world to an image of a general non-central catadioptric camera; the definition of the template pattern (for both the projector and camera's images); and the matching between the projection of these features to the world and its respective images. The 3D depth is directly recovered using the template matching approach. In conclusion, we apply some filtering techniques to improve the results. To evaluate the proposed framework, we test the method using synthetic data, under different levels and types of noises, proving that the framework is robust to noise and, thus, can be put into practice.
Evidence‐based guideline: Neuromuscular ultrasound for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence‐based guideline for the use of neuromuscular ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Two questions were asked: (1) What is the accuracy of median nerve cross‐sectional area enlargement as measured with ultrasound for the diagnosis of CTS? (2) What added value, if any, does neuromuscular ultrasound provide over electrodiagnostic studies alone for the diagnosis of CTS? A systematic review was performed, and studies were classified according to American Academy of Neurology criteria for rating articles of diagnostic accuracy (question 1) and for screening articles (question 2). Results: Neuromuscular ultrasound measurement of median nerve cross‐sectional area at the wrist is accurate and may be offered as a diagnostic test for CTS (Level A). Neuromuscular ultrasound probably adds value to electrodiagnostic studies when diagnosing CTS and should be considered in screening for structural abnormalities at the wrist in those with CTS (Level B). Muscle Nerve 46: 287–293, 2012
Parental Attribution of Artistic Ability in Talented Children

Attributed talent is a powerful construct that can have important consequences for the lives of children. Parents and schools often provide special programs to support talented children, and attributed talent can influence children's behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine how the parents of children in a program for gifted and talented students explain the artistic capabilities of their children. Analysis indicated parents attributed the artistic capabilities of the children primarily to innate talent and intrinsic motivation. However, estimates of accumulated hours of involvement in art showed that the children had similar patterns of involvement in art as did individuals with strong records of achievement in other domains. Alternative explanations for achievement, including deliberate practice theory, are discussed.
Toward consistency between trends in bottom-up CO 2 emissions and top-down atmospheric measurements in the Los Angeles megacity

Abstract. Large urban emissions of greenhouse gases result in large atmospheric enhancements relative to background that are easily measured. Using CO2 mole fractions and Δ14C and δ13C values of CO2 in the Los Angeles megacity observed in inland Pasadena (2006–2013) and coastal Palos Verdes peninsula (autumn 2009–2013), we have determined time series for CO2 contributions from fossil fuel combustion (Cff) for both sites and broken those down into contributions from petroleum and/or gasoline and natural gas burning for Pasadena. We find a 10 % reduction in Pasadena Cff during the Great Recession of 2008–2010, which is consistent with the bottom-up inventory determined by the California Air Resources Board. The isotopic variations and total atmospheric CO2 from our observations are used to infer seasonality of natural gas and petroleum combustion. The trend of CO2 contributions to the atmosphere from natural gas combustion is out of phase with the seasonal cycle of total natural gas combustion seasonal patterns in bottom-up inventories but is consistent with the seasonality of natural gas usage by the area's electricity generating power plants. For petroleum, the inferred seasonality of CO2 contributions from burning petroleum is delayed by several months relative to usage indicated by statewide gasoline taxes. Using the high-resolution Hestia-LA data product to compare Cff from parts of the basin sampled by winds at different times of year, we find that variations in observed fossil fuel CO2 reflect seasonal variations in wind direction. The seasonality of the local CO2 excess from fossil fuel combustion along the coast, on Palos Verdes peninsula, is higher in autumn and winter than spring and summer, almost completely out of phase with that from Pasadena, also because of the annual variations of winds in the region. Variations in fossil fuel CO2 signals are consistent with sampling the bottom-up Hestia-LA fossil CO2 emissions product for sub-city source regions in the LA megacity domain when wind directions are considered.
Adults' perspectives of causes and influences on their depression : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

ii Acknowledgements . iv Chapter 1: Introduction. 1 The Present Study . 3 Thesis Overview . 4 Literature Review . 5 Chapter 2: Depression . 5 Chapter 3: Qualitative Studies to Date . 8 Summary . 11 Chapter 4: Stress . 14 Stress Theory . 14 Coping in Stress Theory . 15 Stress and Depression . 15 Coping and Depression . 16 Summary . 17 Chapter 5: Attachment and Bonding . 19 Definitions . 19 Development of Attachment Theory . 19 Attachment Theory . 20 Attachment and Psychopathology . 22 Attachment and Depression . 23 Summary . 25 Chapter 6: Early Trauma . 27 Abuse . 27 Abuse and Depression . 28 Bullying . 29 Bullying and Depression . 30 Loss . 32 Loss and Depression . 32
Genome-wide identification of mRNAs associated with the protein SMN whose depletion decreases their axonal localization

The survival motor neuron (SMN) is known to be involved in the biogenesis of small nuclear RNPs. This study provides evidence that the SMN may also be involved in axonal trafficking of mRNPs. Specifically, in situ hybridization and immuno-fluorescence experiments indicate that many SMN-associated mRNPs are found in neurites and axons, suggesting that SMN deficiency might result in mislocalization of mRNAs required for axonogenesis.