Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shadow Attacks Based on Password Reuses: A Quantitative Empirical Analysis

With the proliferation of websites, the security level of password-protected accounts is no longer purely determined by individual ones. Users may register multiple accounts on the same site or across multiple sites, and these passwords from the same users are likely to be the same or similar. As a result, an adversary can compromise the account of a user on a web forum, then guess the accounts of the same user in sensitive accounts, <italic/>e.g. <italic/>, online banking services, whose accounts could have the same or even stronger passwords. We name this attack as the shadow attack on passwords. To understand the situation, we examined the state-of-the-art Intra-Site Password Reuses (ISPR) and Cross-Site Password Reuses (CSPR) based on the leaked passwords from the biggest Internet user group (<italic/>i.e.<italic/>, 668 million members in China). With a collection of about <italic>70 million real-world </italic> web passwords across four large websites in China, we obtained around 4.6 million distinct users who have multiple accounts on the same site or across different sites. We found that for the users with multiple accounts in a single website, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$59.72$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="han-ieq1-2568187.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> percent reused their passwords and for the users with multiple accounts on multiple websites, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$33.16 \pm 8.91$ </tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="han-ieq2-2568187.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> percent reused their passwords across websites. For the users that have multiple accounts but different passwords, the set of passwords of the same user exhibits patterns that can help password guessing: a leaked weak password reveals partial information of a strong one, which degrades the strength of the strong one. Given the aforementioned findings, we conducted an experiment and achieved a 39.38 percent improvement of guessing success rate with John the Ripper guessing tool. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide a large-scale, empirical, and quantitative measurement of web password reuses, especially ISPR, and shed light on the severity of such threat in the real world.
Comparison of porcine and human lumbar spine flexion mechanics*

Summary Animal models have been proposed as an alternative to human spinal specimens for in vitro mechanical testing due to the limited availability, poor reproducibility, high cost, and potential health risk associated with human specimens. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the flexion biomechanics of porcine and human lumbar spines. We determined the range of motion, laxity zone and the stiffness under pure-moment flexion loading. The porcine and human specimens showed qualitative similarities in mechanical behaviour. However the porcine specimens demonstrated a number of quantitative differences including a less-stiff, more extensive, low-stiffness region around the neutral position and a larger flexion range of motion. The results suggest that the porcine lumbar spine may be a potential model for the human lumbar spine for certain in vitro mechanical tests including comparisons between spinal fixation constructs.
High Performance Computational Fluid Dynamics on Clusters and Clouds: the ADAPT Experience. (Haute performance pour le calcul de la dynamique des fluides dans les clusters et les clouds : l'expérience ADAPT)

Dans cette these, nous presentons notre travail de recherche dans le domaine du calcul haute performance en mecanique des fluides (CFD) pour architectures de type cluster et cloud. De maniere generale, nous nous proposons de developper un solveur efficace, appele ADAPT, pour la resolution de problemes de CFD selon une vue classique correspondant a des developpements en MPI et selon une vue qui nous amene a representer ADAPT comme un graphe de tâches destinees a etre ordonnancees sur une plateforme de type cloud computing. Comme premiere contribution, nous proposons une parallelisation de l’equation de diffusion-convection couplee aun systeme lineaire en 2D et en 3D a l’aide de MPI. Une parallelisation a deux niveaux est utilisee dans notre implementation pour exploiter au mieux les capacites des machines multi-coeurs. Nous obtenons une distribution equilibree de la charge de calcul en utilisant la decomposition du domaine a l’aide de METIS, ainsi qu’une resolution pertinente de notre systeme lineaire creux de tres grande taille en utilisant le solveur parallele MUMPS (Solveur MUltifrontal Massivement Parallele). Notre deuxieme contribution illustre comment imaginer la plateforme ADAPT, telle que representee dans la premierecontribution, comme un service. Nous transformons le framework ADAPT (en fait, une partie du framework)en DAG (Direct Acyclic Graph) pour le voir comme un workflow scientifique. Ensuite, nous introduisons de nouvelles politiques a l’interieur du moteur de workflow RedisDG, afin de planifier les tâches du DAG, de maniere opportuniste.Nous introduisons dans RedisDG la possibilite de travailler avec des machines dynamiques (elles peuvent quitter ou entrer dans le systeme de calcul comme elles veulent) et une approche multi-criteres pour decider de la “meilleure”machine a choisir afin d’executer une tâche. Des experiences sont menees sur le workflow ADAPT pour illustrer l’efficacite de l’ordonnancement et des decisions d’ordonnancement dans le nouveau RedisDG.
Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα Is a Counterreceptor for the Leukocyte Integrin Mac-1 (Cd11b/Cd18)

The firm adhesion and transplatelet migration of leukocytes on vascular thrombus are both dependent on the interaction of the leukocyte integrin, Mac-1, and a heretofore unknown platelet counterreceptor. Here, we identify the platelet counterreceptor as glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, a component of the GP Ib-IX-V complex, the platelet von Willebrand factor (vWf) receptor. THP-1 monocytic cells and transfected cells that express Mac-1 adhered to GP Ibα–coated wells. Inhibition studies with monoclonal antibodies or receptor ligands showed that the interaction involves the Mac-1 I domain (homologous to the vWf A1 domain), and the GP Ibα leucine-rich repeat and COOH-terminal flanking regions. The specificity of the interaction was confirmed by the finding that neutrophils from wild-type mice, but not from Mac-1–deficient mice, bound to purified GP Ibα and to adherent platelets, the latter adhesion being inhibited by pretreatment of the platelets with mocarhagin, a protease that specifically cleaves GP Ibα. Finally, immobilized GP Ibα supported the rolling and firm adhesion of THP-1 cells under conditions of flow. These observations provide a molecular target for disrupting leukocyte–platelet complexes that promote vascular inflammation in thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and angioplasty-related restenosis.
Cyclic Life of Superalloy IN738LC Under In-phase and Out-of-phase Ihermo-mechanical Fatigue Loading

The cyclic life of IN738LC, a widely used nickel base superalloy for blades in stationary gas turbines, was investigated under thermo-mechanical fatigue loading using a temperature variation range of 1023 to 1223 K, with temperature variation rate in the range of 6 to 15 K/min. Simple thermo-mechanical cycles with linear sequences corresponding to in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) tests were performed. Both the IP and OP tests were carried out at different constant mechanical strain ranges varied between 0.8 to 2.0% and at a constant mechanical strain rate of 10 -5 s -1 . Thermo-mechanical fatigue lives under both test conditions were compared with each other and with those of isothermal LCF tests at a temperature of 1223 K. The results show that the life under thermo-mechanical fatigue is strongly dependent on the nature of the test, i.e. stress controlled or strain controlled.
Attenuated Activity across Multiple Cell Types and Reduced Monosynaptic Connectivity in the Aged Perirhinal Cortex

The perirhinal cortex (PER), which is critical for associative memory and stimulus discrimination, has been described as a wall of inhibition between the neocortex and hippocampus. With advanced age, rats show deficits on PER-dependent behavioral tasks and fewer PER principal neurons are activated by stimuli, but the role of PER interneurons in these altered circuit properties in old age has not been characterized. In the present study, PER neurons were recorded while rats traversed a circular track bidirectionally in which the track was either empty or contained eight novel objects evenly spaced around the track. Putative interneurons were discriminated from principal cells based on the autocorrelogram, waveform parameters, and firing rate. While object modulation of interneuron firing was observed in both young and aged rats, PER interneurons recorded from old animals had lower firing rates compared with those from young animals. This difference could not be accounted for by differences in running speed, as the firing rates of PER interneurons did not show significant velocity modulation. Finally, in the aged rats, relative to young rats, there was a significant reduction in detected excitatory and inhibitory monosynaptic connections. Together these data suggest that with advanced age there may be reduced afferent drive from excitatory cells onto interneurons that may compromise the wall of inhibition between the hippocampus and cortex. This circuit dysfunction could erode the function of temporal lobe networks and ultimately contribute to cognitive aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We report that lower firing rates observed in aged perirhinal cortical principal cells are associated with weaker interneuron activity and reduced monosynaptic coupling between excitatory and inhibitory cells. This is likely to affect feedforward inhibition from the perirhinal to the entorhinal cortex that gates the flow of information to the hippocampus. This is significant because cognitive dysfunction in normative and pathological aging has been linked to hyperexcitability in the aged CA3 subregion of the hippocampus in rats, monkeys, and humans. The reduced inhibition in the perirhinal cortex reported here could contribute to this circuit imbalance, and may be a key point to consider for therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring network function to optimize cognition.
Techno-commercial feasibility of grid-tied solar system in philips morris pvt ltd (commercial building) of Pakistan

Pakistan is a developing country. The population of Pakistan is increasing day by day and due to increase in population the demand of electrical energy is also rising. Currently, Pakistan has a power generation gap of average 4500 to 5500 megawatt hour (MWh) [1]. The Renewable energy plays a vital role in such energy crisis by generating alternative power which is environmental friendly and reduces the carbon foot prints from the environment. The renewable energy sector that is solar, wind and hydro power is a very active area of research and there is a huge space available for modern industrial units and commercial buildings to fill the gap of energy generation and demand energy of Pakistan. In order to void that gap Philips Morris Pvt. ltd initiate with an on-grid solar system with Orient Energy Systems Pvt. ltd with a solar photovoltaic(PV) potential 151.2 kWp for first phase and it will extend up to 458.6 kWp in three phases. By installing solar system the firm saves to millions of rupees in bills of grid and also contributes towards green environment by reducing foot print of carbon dioxide emission from other power generation techniques. This paper provides a techno commercial feasibility of the implementation of the project and environmental friendly impact of such projects on global warming and ozone layer as well as the also shows that in future to reduce the dependency over energy sector and move towards self-reliance in generating greener and cleaner energy.
Wnt signaling is associated with cell survival in the interaction between acute myeloid leukemia cells and stromal cells

Yosuke Niwa, Yosuke Minami, Akihiro Abe, Fumihiko Hayakawa, Kiyofumi Yamada and Tomoki Naoe Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan; National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
Poor Utility of Gonadal Shielding for Pediatric Pelvic Radiographs.

Plain pelvic radiographs are commonly used for a variety of pediatric orthopedic disorders. Lead shielding is typically placed over the gonads to minimize radiation exposure to these sensitive tissues. However, misplaced shielding can sabotage efforts to protect patients from excessive radiation exposure either by not covering radiosensitive tissues or by obscuring anatomic areas of interest, prompting repeat radiographic examinations. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of misplaced shielding for pelvic radiographs obtained for pediatric orthopedic evaluation. Children 8 to 16 years old who had an anteroposterior or frog lateral pelvic radiograph between 2008 and 2014 were included. A total of 3400 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 84 boys and 84 girls were randomly selected for review. For both boys and girls, the percentage of incorrectly positioned or missing shields was calculated. Chi-square testing was used to compare the frequency of missing or incorrectly placed shields between sexes and age groups. Pelvic shields were misplaced in 49% of anteroposterior and 63% of frog lateral radiographs. Shielding was misplaced more frequently for girls than for boys on frog lateral radiographs (76% vs 51%; P<.05). Pelvic bony landmarks were often obscured by pelvic shielding, with a frequency of 7% to 43%, depending on the specific landmark. The femoral head and acetabulum were obscured by shielding in up to 2% of all images. The findings suggest that accepted pelvic shielding protocols are ineffective. Consideration should be given to alternative protocols or abandonment of this practice. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(4):e623-e627. ].
Residential Dampness and Molds and the Risk of Developing Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Context Studies from different geographical regions have assessed the relations between indoor dampness and mold problems and the risk of asthma, but the evidence has been inconclusive. Objective To assess the relations between indicators of indoor dampness and mold problems and the risk of developing new asthma, and to investigate whether such relations differ according to the type of exposure. Data sources A systematic literature search of PubMed database from 1990 through March 2012 and the reference lists of recent reviews and of relevant articles identified in our search. Study selection Cohort/longitudinal and incident case-control studies assessing the relation between mold/dampness and new asthma were included. Data extraction Three authors independently evaluated eligible articles and extracted relevant information using a structured form. Synthesis Sixteen studies were included: 11 cohort and 5 incident case-control studies. The summary effect estimates (EE) based on the highest and lowest estimates for the relation between any exposure and onset of asthma were 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.80, random-effects model, Q-statistic 38.74 (16), P = 0.001) and 1.31 (95% CI 1.09–1.58, random-effects model, Q-statistic 40.08 (16), P = 0.000), respectively. The summary effect estimates were significantly elevated for dampness (fixed-effects model: EE 1.33, 95% CI 1.12–1.56, Q-statistic 8.22 (9), P = 0.413), visible mold (random-effects model; EE 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60, 30.30 (12), P = 0.001), and mold odor (random-effects model; EE 1.73, 95% CI 1.19–2.50, Q-statistics 14.85 (8), P = 0.038), but not for water damage (fixed-effects model; EE 1.12, 95% CI 0.98–1.27). Heterogeneity was observed in the study-specific effect estimates. Conclusion The evidence indicates that dampness and molds in the home are determinants of developing asthma. The association of the presence of visible mold and especially mold odor to the risk of asthma points towards mold-related causal agents.
A light-weight component model for peer-to-peer applications

Mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) computing applications involve collections of heterogeneous and resource-limited devices (such as PDAs or embedded sensor-actuator systems), typically operated in ad-hoc completely decentralized networks and without requiring dedicated infrastructure support. Short-range wireless communication technologies together with P2P networking capabilities on mobile devices are responsible for a proliferation of such applications, yet these applications are often complex and monolithic in nature due to the lack of lightweight component/container support in these resource-constrained devices. We describe our lightweight software component model P2Pcomp that address the development needs for mobile P2P applications. An abstract, flexible, and high-level communication mechanism among components is developed via a ports concept, supporting protocol independence, location independence, and (a)synchronous invocations; dependencies are not hard-coded in the components, but can be defined at deployment or runtime, providing late-binding and dynamic rerouteability capabilities. Peers can elect to provide services as well as consume them, services can migrate between containers, and services are ranked to support quality-of-service choices. Our lightweight container realization leverages the OSGi platform and can utilize various P2P communication mechanisms such as JXTA. A "smart space" application scenario demonstrates how P2Pcomp supports flexible and highly tailorable mobile P2P applications.
Global Honey Bee Viral Landscape Altered by a Parasitic Mite

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Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly.

SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) increases with age, representing the main cause of death in an elderly population. Aging is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect clotting and platelet activation, and impair endothelial function, thus predisposing elderly patients to thrombotic complications. Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Thus, upregulation of ROS-producing enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase, along with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs during aging. This imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction. Recently, gut-derived products, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide, are emerging as novel atherosclerotic risk factors, and gut microbiota composition has been shown to change by aging, and may concur with the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly. CRITICAL ISSUES Antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. Further, anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interventional trials with antioxidants targeting enzymes implicated in aging-related atherothrombosis are warranted to explore whether modulation of redox status is effective in lowering CVEs in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1083-1124.
Activation of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Attenuates Adaptive Thermogenesis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress*

Background: Human obesity is associated with defective brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. Results: Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) activation by high fat diet or lipopolysaccharide impairs adaptive thermogenesis. Conclusion: Obesity-mediated TLR4 activation represses adaptive thermogenesis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Significance: Inhibition of TLR4/ER stress axis is a novel target to augment BAT activity. Adaptive thermogenesis is the cellular process transforming chemical energy into heat in response to cold. A decrease in adaptive thermogenesis is a contributing factor to obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the compromised adaptive thermogenesis in obese subjects have not yet been elucidated. In this study we hypothesized that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation and subsequent inflammatory responses are key regulators to suppress adaptive thermogenesis. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were either fed a palmitate-enriched high fat diet or administered with chronic low-dose LPS before cold acclimation. TLR4 stimulation by a high fat diet or LPS were both associated with reduced core body temperature and heat release. Impairment of thermogenic activation was correlated with diminished expression of brown-specific markers and mitochondrial dysfunction in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Defective sWAT browning was concomitant with elevated levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. Consistently, TLR4 activation by LPS abolished cAMP-induced up-regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in primary human adipocytes, which was reversed by silencing of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, the inactivation of ER stress by genetic deletion of CHOP or chemical chaperone conferred a resistance to the LPS-induced suppression of adaptive thermogenesis. Collectively, our data indicate the existence of a novel signaling network that links TLR4 activation, ER stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby antagonizing thermogenic activation of sWAT. Our results also suggest that TLR4/ER stress axis activation may be a responsible mechanism for obesity-mediated defective brown adipose tissue activation.
A new change detector in heterogeneous remote sensing imagery

Multimodal change detection in satellite images is a challenging and complex problem mainly because the local statistics of the images to be compared can be very different. In this paper, we present a novel, reliable and simple change detection operator which is first based on a imaging modality-invariant operator that detects the common specific high-frequency pattern of each structural region existing in the two heterogeneous satellite images. The resultant similarity map is then filtered out by a superpixel-based spatially adaptive filter which increases its reliability against noise. Second, in order to achieve more robustness, changes are then identified, from this similarity map, by combining the results of different automatic thresholding algorithms with a weighted spatially regularized multi-criteria decision analysis. Experimental results involving a mixture of different types of imaging modalities confirm the robustness of the proposed approach.