Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Special Features of Mobile Advertising and their Utilization

This study focuses on permission-based mobile advertising (m-advertising) and its specific features that make it different form other forms of advertising. However, as m-advertising is a novel approach, advertisers or advertising agencies do not know how to use it’s full potential. Therefore, the paper explores retailers’ use of mobile advertising in Finland and discusses the features of mobile advertising that retailers utilised as well as those remaining unused. The study also suggest ways to fully utilise the potential of mobile advertising.
The Process of Clinical Reasoning among Medical Students

ABSTRACT Introduction: Research in the field of medical reasoning has shed light on the reasoning process used by medical students. The strategies in this process are related to the analytical [hypothetical-deductive (HD)] and nonanalytic [scheme-inductive) (SI)] systems, and pattern recognition (PR)]. Objective: To explore the clinical reasoning process of students from the fifth year of medical school at the end of the clinical cycle of medical internship, and to identify the strategies used in preparing diagnostic hypotheses, knowledge organization and content. Method: Qualitative research conducted in 2014 at a Brazilian public university with medical interns. Following Stamm's method, a case in internal medicine (IM) was built based on the theory of prototypes (Group 1 = 47 interns), in which the interns listed, according to their own perceptions, the signs, symptoms, syndromes, and diseases typical of internal medicine. This case was used for evaluating the clinical reasoning process of Group 2 (30 students = simple random sample) obtained with the "think aloud" process. The verbalizations were transcribed and evaluated by Bardin's thematic analysis. The content analysis were approved by two experts at the beginning and at the end of the analysis process. Results: The interns developed 164 primary and secondary hypotheses when solving the case. The SI strategy prevailed with 48.8%, followed by PR (35.4%), HD (12.2%), and mixed (1.8 % each: SI + HD and HD + PR). The students built 146 distinct semantic axes, resulting in an average of 4.8/ participant. During the analysis, 438 interpretation processes were executed (average of 14.6/participant), and 124 combination processes (average of 4.1/participant). Conclusions: The nonanalytic strategies prevailed with the PR being the most used in the development of primary hypotheses (46.8%) and the SI in secondary hypotheses (93%). The interns showed a strong semantic network and did three and a half times more interpretation than combination processes, reflecting less deep organization and content of knowledge when compared with experienced physicians.
1 Evolutionary and Neural Synthesis of Intelligent Agents

From its very inception in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the field of Artificial Intelligence, has concerned itself with the analysis and synthesis of intelligent agents. Although there is no universally accepted definition of intelligence , for our purposes here, we treat any software or hardware entity as an intelligent agent, provided it demonstrates behaviors that would be characterized as intelligent if performed by normal human beings under similar circumstances. This generic definition of agency applies to robots, software systems for pattern classification and prediction, and recent advances in mobile software systems (softbots) for information gathering, data mining, and electronic commerce. The design and development of such agents is a topic of considerable ongoing research and draws on advances in a variety of dis-In very simplistic terms, an agent may be defined as an entity that perceives its environment through sensors and acts upon it through its effectors [76]. However, for the agents to be useful, they must also be capable of interpreting perceptions, reasoning, and choosing actions autonomously and in ways suited to achieving their intended goals. Since the agents are often expected to operate reliably in unknown, partially known, and dynamic environments, they must also possess mechanisms to learn and adapt their behaviors through their interactions with their environments. In addition, in some cases, we may also require the agents to be mobile and move or access different places or parts of their operating environments. Finally, we may expect the agents to be persistent, rational, etc., and to work in groups, which requires them to collaborate and communicate [76, 87, 60]. It can be seen that this definition of agents applies to robots that occupy and operate in physical environments, software systems for evaluation and optimization , softbots that inhabit the electronic worlds defined by computers and computer networks, and even animals (or biological agents) that cohabit this planet. Robots have been used in a wide variety of application scenarios like geo, space, and underwater exploration, material handling and delivery, secu
Alterations of Intrarenal Adrenomedullin and Its Receptor System in Heart Failure Rats

Calcitonin receptor–like receptor/receptor activity–modifying protein 2 (CRLR/RAMP2) and CRLR/RAMP3 complexes have been reported to be specific adrenomedullin (AM) receptors. In the present study, we evaluated the pathophysiological significance of renal AM and its receptor system in aortocaval shunt (ACS) rats. Renal AM levels were measured serially during 5 weeks after the operation. Renal gene expressions of AM, CRLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3 were measured at 2 weeks (decompensated phase) and 5 weeks (compensated phase) after the operation. Immunohistochemical localizations of renal AM were also evaluated. Furthermore, the relations between urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) and renal AM levels were evaluated. Renal AM levels were higher in ACS than in control animals only at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the operation. At 2 weeks after the operation, renal AM mRNA expression was also higher in ACS than in control animals. CRLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3 mRNAs were expressed in the kidney, but there were no differences between the 2 groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed the positive AM immunostaining within the renal tubular cells, and it was more intense in ACS than in control animals. There were significant correlations between UNaV and renal AM levels. At 5 weeks after the operation, there were no differences in mRNA levels of AM, CRLR, RAMP2, and RAMP3 between the 2 groups. There was a significant correlation between UNaV and medullary AM levels. The present findings suggest that increased renal AM levels in decompensated heart failure, presumably due to increased AM production in renal tubules, in part, are involved in the regulation of sodium excretion.
e¢ning the ndeidility Forder of ek Fisimilrity

Weak bisimilarity is one of the most studied behavioural equivalences. This equivalence is undecidable for pushdown processes (PDA), process algebras (PA), and multiset automata (MSA, also known as parallel pushdown processes, PPDA). Its decidability is an open question for basic process algebras (BPA) and basic parallel processes (BPP). We move the undecidability border towards these classes by showing that the equivalence remains undecidable for weakly extended versions of BPA and BPP. Further, we show the results hold for even more restricted classes of normed BPA with nite constraint system and normed BPP with nite constraint system.
Semantic interpretation of eye movements using designed structures of displayed contents

This paper presents a novel framework to interpret eye movements using semantic relations and spatial layouts of displayed contents, i.e., the designed structure. We represent eye movements in a multi-scale, interval-based manner and associate them with various semantic relations derived from the designed structure. In preliminary experiments, we apply the proposed framework to the eye movements when browsing catalog contents, and confirm the effectiveness of the framework via user-state estimation.
Myside Bias, Rational Thinking, and Intelligence

Myside bias occurs when people evaluate evidence, generate evidence, and test hypotheses in a manner biased toward their own prior opinions and attitudes. Research across a wide variety of myside bias paradigms has revealed a somewhat surprising finding regarding individual differences. The magnitude of the myside bias shows very little relation to intelligence. Avoiding myside bias is thus one rational thinking skill that is not assessed by intelligence tests or even indirectly indexed through its correlation with cognitive ability measures.
Predicting Answering Behaviour in Online Question Answering Communities

The value of Question Answering (Q&A) communities is dependent on members of the community finding the questions they are most willing and able to answer. This can be difficult in communities with a high volume of questions. Much previous has work attempted to address this problem by recommending questions similar to those already answered. However, this approach disregards the question selection behaviour of the answers and how it is affected by factors such as question recency and reputation. In this paper, we identify the parameters that correlate with such a behaviour by analysing the users' answering patterns in a Q&A community. We then generate a model to predict which question a user is most likely to answer next. We train Learning to Rank (LTR) models to predict question selections using various user, question and thread feature sets. We show that answering behaviour can be predicted with a high level of success, and highlight the particular features that influence users' question selections.
Linkage disequilibrium patterns and functional analysis of RGS4 polymorphisms in relation to schizophrenia.

The regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4, chromosome 1q23.3) plays a critical role in G-protein function. Four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localized between the 5' upstream sequence and the first intron, as well as 2 haplotypes derived from these SNPs may confer liability to schizophrenia (SZ). However, the pattern of associations varies among samples. To help clarify the putative associations, we report the following analyses: (1) a comprehensive catalog of common polymorphisms, (2) linkage disequilibrium (LD) and association analyses using these SNPs, and (3) functional analysis based on dual-luciferase promoter assays. We identified 62 SNPs from a 20-kb genomic region spanning RGS4, of which 26 are common polymorphisms with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of >5%. LD analysis suggested 5 clusters of SNPs (r(2) > . 8). Association analyses using the novel SNPs were consistent with the prior reports, but further localization was constrained by significant LD across the region. The 2 haplotypes reported to confer liability to SZ had significant promoter activity compared with promoterless constructs, suggesting a functional role for both haplotypes. Further analyses of promoter sequences are warranted to understand transcriptional regulation at RGS4. This information will be useful for further analysis of samples in which genetic association of RGS4 polymorphisms with SZ has been reported.
Negentropy Generation and Fractality in the Dry Friction of Polished Surfaces

We consider the Robin Hood model of dry friction to study entropy transfer during sliding. For the polished surface (steady state) we study the probability distribution of slips and find an exponential behavior for all the physically relevant asperity interaction-distance thresholds. In addition, we characterize the time evolution of the sample by its spatial fractal dimension and by its entropy content. Starting from an unpolished surface, the entropy decreases during the Robin Hood process, until it reaches a plateau; thereafter the system fluctuates above the critical height. This validates the notion that friction increases information in the neighborhood of the contacting surface at the expense of losing information in remote regions. We explain the practical relevance of these results for engineering surface processing such as honing.
Bioinspiration: something for everyone

‘Bioinspiration’—using phenomena in biology to stimulate research in non-biological science and technology—is a strategy that suggests new areas for research. Beyond its potential to nucleate new ideas, bioinspiration has two other interesting characteristics. It can suggest subjects in research that are relatively simple technically; it can also lead to areas in which results can lead to useful function more directly than some of the more familiar areas now fashionable in chemistry. Bioinspired research thus has the potential to be accessible to laboratories that have limited resources, to offer routes to new and useful function, and to bridge differences in technical and cultural interactions of different geographical regions.
An Approach for Automated Network-Wide Security Analysis

This paper deals with an approach to security analysis of TCP/IP-based computer networks. The method developed stems from a formal model of network topology with changing link states, and deploys bounded model checking of network security properties supported by SAT-based decision procedure. Its implementation should consist of a set of tools that can provide automatic analysis of router configurations, network topologies, and states with respect to checked properties. While this project aims at supporting a real practice, it stems from the previous, more theoretical research designing the method in detail including its formal background.
LTE trials in the return channel over satellite

Integrating terrestrial and satellite communications promises several advantages, whereas the most evident one is that modern satellite networks achieve global coverage using a multiple spot beam architecture. In order to increase the spectral efficiency, orthogonal waveforms like single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) are investigated recently. In this paper, we verify experimentally that SC-FDMA waveforms taken from the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard can be transmitted reliably in the return channel over satellite using low-cost equipment. Mainly, we introduce an additional timing advance offset depending on satellite elevation and geographical location. And we ensure that precise information about the frequency offset measured in the forward channel is reused for compensation in the return channel at each terminal. We demonstrate in real-time transmission experiments over a geostationary Ku-band satellite that all modulation formats defined for the up-link in the LTE Release 8 standard can be decoded error-free. Using 16-QAM, we have realized a spectral efficiency of 3.2 bits/s/Hz.
Drospirenone increases endothelial nitric oxide synthesis via a combined action on progesterone and mineralocorticoid receptors.

BACKGROUND Progestins have actions on the cardiovascular system, which depend on the structure as well as on receptor binding characteristics. Drospirenone (DRSP) is a progestin that uniquely interferes with the signaling of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Hormone therapy containing DRSP results in blood pressure reduction in hypertensive post-menopausal women. METHODS We describe the effects of DRSP on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and compare them with those of progesterone (P) and of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). In addition, we herein tested the relevance of the anti-mineralocorticoid activity of DRSP for NO synthesis. RESULTS DRSP results in rapid activation of the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) through mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as well as in enhanced eNOS expression. These actions depend on P receptor. When the cells are exposed to aldosterone, a reduction of eNOS expression is found that is antagonized by DRSP. This action is not shared by P or MPA. In addition, DRSP does not interfere with the induction or activation of eNOS induced by estradiol, as opposed to MPA. CONCLUSIONS DRSP acts on endothelial cells via a combined action through the P and MRs. These results help to interpret the anti-hypertensive effects of hormonal therapies containing DRSP.
A 46.4–58.1 GHz frequency synthesizer featuring a 2nd harmonic extraction technique that preserves VCO performance

This paper introduces a 2nd harmonic extraction technique in a 46.4-58.1 GHz frequency synthesizer. The frequency doubling approach is based on tapping second harmonic signals at the VCO supply and tail nodes and amplifying them to provide a differential output. Since the amplifiers do not load the VCO outputs, neither the tuning range nor the frequency of the VCO is affected. Moreover, a novel noise bypass technique is utilized to ensure that the amplifiers do not degrade the VCO phase noise. As a result, the frequency synthesizer achieves 22.4% tuning range (46.4-58.1 GHz) and phase noise below -118dBc/Hz while consuming 66mW power from a 1V supply. The synthesizer occupies 0.6mm×1mm in IBM 32SOI CMOS.
How should firms selectively hedge ? Resolving the selective hedging puzzle

We provide a model of intertemporal hedging consistent with selective hedging, a widespread practice corroborated by recent empirical studies. We argue that the optimal hedge is a value hedge involving total current value of future earnings. More importantly, the hedging decision is independent of risk preferences of the firm or agent. Our closed-form solutions imply several implications for the risk management policy in a firm. In order to lock in profits a hedge increase is recommended in favorable states of nature, while in bad states the firm should decrease the hedge and wait. Our main new empirical implication is that selective hedging should be more prevalent in industries where managers are exposed to convex cash flow structures and are more likely to “value hedge”their exposures. JEL classification: C61, G13, C11
Character assassination of CEOs in crises – Questioning CEOs’ character and values in corporate crises

This study explores the concept of character assassination in the field of corporate communication. We examine the perception of character traits and personal values of chief executive officers in Austria and Germany during corporate crises. Results suggest that character attacks mostly focus on a chief executive officer’s integrity, while a positive public perception of charisma seems to be related to a chief executive officer’s remaining in office. Furthermore, personal values were under more intense public scrutiny when the chief executive officer in question had to leave their office. Thus, the study suggests that character traits and values are antecedents which influence the outcomes of the process of character assassination.
TPad Fire : Surface Haptic Tablet

We introduce the TPad Fire, a handheld haptic device that incorporates a variable friction surface and a tablet computer. The device is designed to enable research and design in human-computer interaction by being affordable, easy to use, and easily available. An example application is given and advances over previous devices are listed as well. The full device design, as well as example programs, are posted online at http://nxr.northwestern. edu/tpad-tablet. Author
Robust speaker recognition: a feature-based approach

The future commercialization of speaker- and speech-recognition technology is impeded by the large degradation in system performance due to environmental differences between training and testing conditions. This is known as the "mismatched condition. " Studies have shown [l] that most contemporary systems achieve good recognition performance if the conditions during training are similar to those during operation (matched conditions). Frequently, mismatched conditions axe present in which the performance is dramatically degraded as compared to the ideal matched conditions. A common example of this mismatch is when training is done on clean speech and testing is performed on noise- or channel-corrupted speech. Robust speech techniques [2] attempt to maintain the performance of a speech processing system under such diverse conditions of operation. This article presents an overview of current speaker-recognition systems and the problems encountered in operation, and it focuses on the front-end feature extraction process of robust speech techniques as a method of improvement. Linear predictive (LP) analysis, the first step of feature extraction, is discussed, and various robust cepstral features derived from LP coefficients are described. Also described is the afJine transform, which is a feature transformation approach that integrates mismatch to simultaneously combat both channel and noise distortion.
The Effect of Participants' Stress Manipulation on Experimenters’ Mood States

This study examined whether experimenters’ mood states vary as a function of participants’ mood states. Thirty unacquainted “Experimenter”-“Participant” pairs participated. Participants delivered an unscripted speech in front of an experimenter while being videotaped. The stress levels of experimenters and participants were measured using a questionnaire and salivary cortisol measurements prior to and following the stress induction. A strong negative relationship was found between changes in the stress indices of the experimenters and those of the participants; a smaller increase in stress among participants was associated with a greater increase in stress among experimenters. This result suggests that stress induction can produce negative side effects among experimenters.
Dynamic and control of fuel cell system

In this paper, dynamic simulation of a fuel cell system studied using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The paper presents the dynamic model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The fuel cell output voltage is proportional to the change of the current drawn from the fuel cell model. Phase control full bridge dc/dc converter considered to match the unregulated voltage produced by the fuel cell model to the needed application voltage. PID controller has been selected to regulate the fuel cell output voltage. PWM-based inverter serves as the interface between the dc/dc converter and the ac load. Three-phase inverter used to drive three phase load. Third harmonic injection pulse width modulation used to drive the three-phase inverter so that minimum harmonic distortion and maximum usage of the fuel cell voltage on the three-phase inverter output. Simulation results provided to validate the design.
Context-Aware Local Optimization of Sensor Network Deployment

Wireless sensor networks are increasingly used for tracking and monitoring dynamic phenomena in urban and natural areas. Spatial coverage is an important issue in sensor networks in order to fulfill the needs of sensing applications. Optimization methods are widely used to efficiently distribute sensor nodes in the network to achieve a desired level of coverage. Most of the existing algorithms do not consider the characteristics of the real environment in the optimization process. In this paper, we propose the integration of contextual information in optimization algorithms to improve sensor network coverage. First, we investigate the implication of contextual information in sensor networks. Then, a conceptual framework for local context-aware sensor network deployment optimization method is introduced and related algorithms are presented in detail. Finally, several experiments are carried out to evaluate the validity of the proposed method. The results obtained from these experiments show the effectiveness of our approach in different contextual situations.