Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Binding of Recombinant Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Surface Glycoprotein to Feline Cells: Role of CXCR4, Cell-Surface Heparans, and an Unidentified Non-CXCR4 Receptor

ABSTRACT To address the role of CXCR4 in the cell-surface attachment of the feline immunodeficency virus (FIV), a soluble fusion protein, gp95-Fc, consisting of the surface glycoprotein (SU, gp95) of either a primary (PPR) or cell line-adapted (34TF10) FIV strain was fused in frame with the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G1. The recombinant SU-immunoadhesins were used as probes to investigate the cellular binding of FIV SU. In agreement with the host cell range properties of both viruses, binding of 34TF10 gp95-Fc was observed for all cell lines tested, whereas PPR gp95-Fc bound only to primary feline T cells. 34TF10 gp95-Fc also bound to Jurkat and HeLa cells, consistent with the ability of FIV to use human CXCR4 as a fusion receptor. As expected, 34TF10 gp95-Fc binding to Jurkat cells was blocked by addition of stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), as was binding to the 3201 feline lymphoma cell line. However, SDF-1α, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and heparin all failed to inhibit the binding of either gp95-Fc to primary T cells, suggesting that a non-CXCR4 receptor is involved in the binding of FIV SU. In this regard, an unidentified 40-kDa protein species from the surface of primary T cells but not Jurkat and 3201 cells specifically coprecipitated with both gp95-Fc. Yet another type of binding of 34TF10 gp95-Fc to adherent kidney cells was noted. SDF-1α failed to block the binding of 34TF10 gp95-Fc to either HeLa, Crandel feline leukemia, or G355-5 cells. However, binding was severely impaired in the presence of soluble heparin, as well as after enzymatic removal of surface heparans or on cells deficient in heparan expression. These overall findings suggest that in addition to CXCR4, a non-CXCR4 receptor and cell-surface heparans also play an important role in FIV gp95 cell surface interactions on specific target cells.
Kannada Word Sense Disambiguation for Machine Translation

Polysemous Words can have more than one distinct meaning. Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the ability to identify the exact meaning of such polysemous words in context in a computational manner. WSD is considered as an AI-complete problem, that is, a task whose solution is at least as hard as the most difficult problem in Artificial Intelligence. In this paper, we propose an Integrated Kannada Word Sense Disambiguation system which includes a suite of high performance Natural Language Processing (NLP) modules implemented in Perl (Program Extraction and Reporting Language) to carry out word sense disambiguation task. The corpus builder module will construct the raw Kannada corpora using web. The proposed system uses randomly selected sentences from the corpora as a test bed for disambiguation. The electronic machine readable dictionary is built by Dictionary builder module using the corpora. The Target Word Sense Disambiguation module will disambiguate the potential ambiguous target words in a sentence. The polysemous verb in a sentence is disambiguated by Verb Sense Disambiguation module. The rule based disambiguator will disambiguate all ambiguous words with different lexical category. Experiments conducted and the results obtained have been described. The efficiency of the system proved to be reliable and extendable. General Terms Word Sense Disambiguation, Machine Translation, Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Corpus Linguistics, Lexicography.
Stats-Calculus Pose Descriptor Feeding A Discrete HMM Low-latency Detection and Recognition System For 3D Skeletal Actions

Recognition of human actions, under low observational latency, is a growing interest topic, nowadays. Many approaches have been represented based on a provided set of 3D Cartesian coordinates system originated at a certain specific point located on a root joint. In this paper, We will present a statistical detection and recognition system using Hidden Markov Model using 7 types of pose descriptors. * Cartesian Calculus Pose descriptor. * Angular Calculus Pose descriptor. * Mixed-mode Stats-Calculus Pose descriptor. * Centro-Stats-Calculus Pose descriptor. * Rela-Centro-Stats-Calculus Pose descriptor. * Rela-Centro-Stats-Calculus DCT Pose descriptor. * Rela-Centro-Stats-Calculus DCT-AMDF Pose descriptor. Stats-Calculus is a feature extracting technique, that is developed on Moving Pose descriptor , but using a combination of Statistics measures and Calculus measures.
Dropping of electromagnetic waves through localized modes in three-dimensional photonic band gap structures

We experimentally demonstrate trapping and dropping of photons through localized cavity modes in three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystal structures. By creating acceptor- and donor-like cavities which are coupled to a highly confined waveguide (HCW), we drop selected frequencies from the waveguide mode. Tunability of the demultiplexing structures can be achieved by changing the properties of cavities and the coupling between the cavity and the HCW.
Simulation of Zeno Hybrid Automata 1 2

Zeno hybrid automata are hybrid systems that can exhibit in nitely many discrete transitions in a nite time interval. Such automata arise due to modeling simplications and may deteriorate simulation e ciency and accuracy considerably. Some basic properties of Zeno hybrid automata are explored. Possible ways to extend a simulation beyond the Zeno time are suggested.
Evaluation of salicylic acid fatty ester prodrugs for UV protection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and in vitro evaluation of fatty ester prodrugs of salicylic acid for ultraviolet (UV) protection. The physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity, chemical stability and enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated with the following fatty ester prodrugs of salicylic acid: octanoyl (C8SA), nonanoyl (C9SA), decanoyl (C10SA), lauroyl (C12SA), myristoyl (C14SA) and palmitoyl oxysalicylate (C16SA). Furthermore, their skin permeation and accumulation were evaluated using a combination of common permeation enhancing techniques such as the use of a lipophilic receptor solution, removal of stratum corneum and delipidization of skin. Their k′ values were proportional to the degree of carbon–carbon saturation in the side chain. All these fatty esters were highly stable in 2-propanol, acetonitrile and glycerin, but unstable in methanol and ethanol. They were relatively unstable in liver and skin homogenates. In particular, C16SA was mostly hydrolyzed to its parent compound in hairless mouse liver and skin homogenates, suggesting that it might be converted to salicylic acid after its topical administration. In the skin permeation and accumulation study, C16SA showed the poorest permeation in all skins, suggesting that it could not be permeated in the skin. Furthermore, C14SA and C16SA were less accumulated in delipidized skin compared with normal skin or stripped skin, suggesting that these esters had relatively strong affinities for lipids compared with the other prodrugs in the skin. C16SA showed significantly higher dermal accumulation in all skins compared with its parent salicylic acid. Thus, the palmitoyl oxysalicylate (C16SA) might be a potential candidate for UV protection due to its absence of skin permeation, smaller uptake in the lipid phase and relatively lower skin accumulation.
Determinants of causal ambiguity and difficulty of knowledge transfer within the firm

Abstract The knowledge-based view of the firm portrays knowledge assets as the basis of sustainable competitive advantage. However, leveraging the knowledge available to the firm is not straightforward. The transfer of best practices within the firm or the replication of a certain routine poses challenges for managers. Causal ambiguity of knowledge makes it difficult to transfer practices into other contexts within the firm. In this paper, a new framework is proposed that identifies four antecedents to causal ambiguity: complexity, tacitness, relevance to the existing knowledge base, and the locality of knowledge. The paper concludes with the implications of the framework.
Specification and Judging of High-Speed Rotating Machinery With AMB—A Practical Guideline for OEMs, EPC, and End Users

This paper is focused on practical questions arising when purchasing or specifying high-speed rotating machines with active magnetic bearings (AMBs). It may be used as a guideline for end users, engineering/procurement/construction (EPC) companies, and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in their engineering and purchase departments. This paper explains and discusses the most important characteristics of AMB systems as well as the necessary documents of the vendor to prove feasibility of the AMB application. The authors' intention is to bring the AMB technology down from the highly technical discussion among specialists to the level of general understanding for every engineer or person with technical background.
GAMMA GLOBULIN AND ANTIBODY FORMATION IN VITRO

Gamma globulin formation in vitro by various tissues was studied using the incorporation of C14-L-lysine into a protein precipitable by a specific anti rabbit gamma globulin serum prepared in a sheep. It was demonstrated that the rate of gamma globulin formation in similar numbers of spleen cells is much higher if taken from an immunized rabbit at the height of antibody formation than that in normal spleen cells. Besides spleen, other tissues shown to form gamma globulin in normal adult rabbits were: peripheral lymph nodes, bone marrow, lung, mesenteric lymph nodes, appendix, and thymus. In tissues from newborn rabbits gamma globulin formation could not be demonstrated. Rabbits 1 week old already showed a beginning of significant gamma globulin formation in appendix tissue, followed approximately 3 weeks later by gamma globulin synthesis in spleen and thymus. Histological observations on these tissues were described and correlated with findings on gamma globulin formation. In the discussion an attempt has been made to relate these observations on newborn and immature rabbits to those available in the literature on antibody formation in newborn animals.
Modélisation expérimentale de la dynamique long-terme des reliefs en réponse aux forçages climatiques et tectoniques

Les reliefs continentaux sont des interfaces dynamiques entre la lithosphere et l'atmosphere ou interagissent une grande diversite de processus en lien avec la geodynamique interne et la geodynamique externe. Ils sont au cœur de la problematique des interactions entre le climat et la tectonique, dont une meilleure comprehension passe necessairement par une meilleure apprehension des effets du climat et de ses variations sur la morphologie des reliefs et leur erosion. Nous presentons dans ce travail les resultats d'une etude experimentale, en laboratoire, de la dynamique des reliefs, sous l'effet de forcages tectoniques (taux de surrection) et climatiques (taux de precipitations). A partir de l'elaboration d'une base de donnees consequente d'experiences realisees sous des conditions de surrection et de precipitations differentes, nous montrons que les hauteurs moyennes d'equilibre des reliefs, que leur temps de mise a l'equilibre et que leur morphologie deduite d'analyses de type pente-aire drainee sont des fonctions non- lineaires de la surrection, avec un effet des precipitations qui reste a preciser. Nous montrons que l'altitude moyenne d'equilibre des reliefs experimentaux est controlee par le rapport entre taux de precipitation et de surrection (" water-to-rock ratio ") selon une loi non lineaire bien contrainte par plus de 80 donnees experimentales. Le probleme de la reponse des reliefs aux variations climatiques a ete aborde en considerant l'effet d'une chute de pluviometrie sur un relief initialement a l'equilibre, en considerant differentes durees de chute, a taux de surrection constant. Nous montrons que plus la duree de chute de pluviometrie n'est importante, plus la reponse erosive (chute de vitesse d'erosion) est decalee dans le temps et amoindrie en amplitude. Ce resultat implique que sur les tres longues echelles de temps (> quelques Ma), les variations climatiques n'ont probablement que tres peu d'impact sur les vitesses d'erosion. Nous montrons egalement que cette reponse est controlee dans nos experiences par un seuil d'erosion. Nous avons egalement aborde l'impact de variations spatiales de precipitation sur la mobilite des reseaux de rivieres et de cretes. Nous montrons que de telles variations sont a l'origine d'une dissymetrie des vallees et d'une migration des reseaux de drainage qui peuvent aboutir a des captures entre bassins versants. Ces phenomenes observes dans les experiences sont tout a fait coherents avec les caracteristiques geomorphologiques des vallees du piedmont nord-pyreneen. Ces differents resultats mettent en evidence le role du climat, en l'occurrence les precipitations, sur la dynamique a long-terme des surfaces topographiques.
Blood Quality Diagnostic Device Detects Storage Differences Between Donors

In 2013, nearly 15 million units of banked blood were transfused in the United States of America alone. Blood shortages are expected to increase globally. Donated blood is not equal due to differences in quality and deterioration rate. There are no methods to detect time-dependent biochemical and biophysical changes of red blood cells (RBCs) or the deterioration rate of donated RBCs. Nine randomly selected RBC units collected by the San Diego Blood Bank were examined for interdonor variability over six weeks of storage. In vitro RBC quality was assessed weekly by conventional biochemical tests including free Hb, K+, ATP, P50, 2,3 DPG, lactate, and pH. Deformability was measured via cell filtration. Briefly, the RBC suspension (10% Hct), was forced through a 5.0-μm pore membrane (106 mm2) at various flow rates. No interdonor variability in biochemical or mechanical parameters was observed at baseline. Interdonor variability in biochemical properties (free Hb, K+, ATP, P50, 2,3 DPG, lactate, and pH) was observed after 14 days of storage. However, significant differences from baseline in RBC mechanical properties (i.e., filterability) were observed as early as 7 days into storage at the lowest flow rates and after 28 days of storage at all flow rates. There was a net decrease in filterability over time for all donors, but the rate at which filterability decreased (i.e., deterioration rates) was different when comparing individual donors. Changes in all biochemical parameters were significant different between donors. These data suggest that filterability is more sensitive to changes in blood quality than conventional biochemical parameters.
An Efficient User Verification System Using Angle-Based Mouse Movement Biometrics

Biometric authentication verifies a user based on its inherent, unique characteristics—who you are. In addition to physiological biometrics, behavioral biometrics has proven very useful in authenticating a user. Mouse dynamics, with their unique patterns of mouse movements, is one such behavioral biometric. In this article, we present a user verification system using mouse dynamics, which is transparent to users and can be naturally applied for continuous reauthentication. The key feature of our system lies in using much more fine-grained (point-by-point) angle-based metrics of mouse movements for user verification. These new metrics are relatively unique from person to person and independent of a computing platform. Moreover, we utilize support vector machines (SVMs) for quick and accurate classification. Our technique is robust across different operating platforms, and no specialized hardware is required. The efficacy of our approach is validated through a series of experiments, which are based on three sets of user mouse movement data collected in controllable environments and in the field. Our experimental results show that the proposed system can verify a user in an accurate and timely manner, with minor induced system overhead.
The 2011 KIT QUAERO speech-to-text system for Spanish

This paper describes our current Spanish speech-to-text (STT) system with which we participated in the 2011 Quaero STT evaluation that is being developed within the Quaero program. The system consists of 4 separate subsystems, as well as the standard MFCC and MVDR phoneme based subsystems we included a both a phoneme and grapheme based bottleneck subsystem. We carefully evaluate the performance of each subsystem. After including several new techniques we were able to reduce the WER by over 30% from 20.79% to 14.53%.
Boundedness properties of fractional integral operators associated to non-doubling measures

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of fractional integral operators associated to a measure on a metric space satisfying just a mild growth condition, namely that the measure of each ball is controlled by a fixed power of its radius. This allows, in particular, non-doubling measures. It turns out that this condition is enough to build up a theory that contains the classical results based upon the Lebesgue measure on euclidean space and their known extensions for doubling measures. We start by analyzing the images of the Lebesgue spaces associated to the measure. The Lipschitz spaces, defined in terms of the metric, play a basic role too. For a euclidean space equipped with one of these measures, we also consider the so-called "regular"BMO space introduced by X. Tolsa. We show that it contains the image of a Lebesgue space in the appropriate limit case and also that the image of the space "regular"BMO is contained in the adequate Lipschitz space.
Exact methods for lattice protein models

Abstract Lattice protein models are well-studied abstractions of globular proteins. By discretizing the structure space and simplifying the energy model over regular proteins, they enable detailed studies of protein structure formation and evolution. However, even in the simplest lattice protein models, the prediction of optimal structures is computationally difficult. Therefore, often, heuristic approaches are applied to find such conformations. Commonly, heuristic methods find only locally optimal solutions. Nevertheless, there exist methods that guarantee to predict globally optimal structures. Currently, only one such exact approach is publicly available, namely the constraint-based protein structure prediction method and variants. Here, we review exact approaches and derived methods. We discuss fundamental concepts like hydrophobic core construction and their use in optimal structure prediction, as well as possible applications like combinations of different energy models.
Extending test collection pools without manual runs

Information retrieval test collections traditionally use a combination of automatic and manual runs to create a pool of documents to be judged. The quality of the final judgments produced for a collection is a product of the variety across each of the runs submitted and the pool depth. In this work, we explore fully automated approaches to generating a pool. By combining a simple voting approach with machine learning from documents retrieved by automatic runs, we are able to identify a large portion of relevant documents that would normally only be found through manual runs. Our initial results are promising and can be extended in future studies to help test collection curators ensure proper judgment coverage is maintained across complete document collections.
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for endocrine cancers; however, the association with thyroid cancer is not clear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between thyroid cancer and DM. Methods We searched MEDLINE, PUBMED and EMBASE databases through July 2012, using search terms related to diabetes mellitus, cancer, and thyroid cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of the risk of incidence of thyroid cancer from pre-existing diabetes. Of 2,123 titles initially identified, sixteen articles met our inclusion criteria. An additional article was identified from a bibliography. Totally, 14 cohort and 3 case-control studies were selected for the meta-analysis. The risks were estimated using random-effects model and sensitivity test for the studies which reported risk estimates and used different definition of DM. Results Compared with individuals without DM, the patients with DM were at 1.34-fold higher risk for thyroid cancer (95% CI 1.11–1.63). However, there was heterogeneity in the results (p<0.0001). Sensitivity tests and studies judged to be high quality did not show heterogeneity and DM was associated with higher risk for thyroid cancer in these sub-analyses (both of RRs = 1.18, 95% CIs 1.08–1.28). DM was associated with a 1.38-fold increased risk of thyroid cancer in women (95% CI 1.13–1.67) after sensitivity test. Risk of thyroid cancer in men did not remain significant (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.80–1.53). Conclusions Compared with their non-diabetic counterparts, women with pre-existing DM have an increased risk of thyroid cancer.
The Use of Intuition in Homeopathic Clinical Decision Making: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study

While intuition plays a role in clinical decision making within conventional medicine, little is understood about its use in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate intuition from the perspective of homeopathic practitioners; its' manifestation, how it was recognized, its origins and when it was used within daily clinical practice. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with clinically experienced non-National Health Service (NHS) UK homeopathic practitioners. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data. Homeopaths reported many similarities with conventional medical practitioner regarding the nature, perceived origin and manifestation of their intuitions in clinical practice. Intuition was used in two key aspects of the consultation: (i) to enhance the practitioner-patient relationship, these were generally trusted; and (ii) intuitions relating to the prescribing decision. Homeopaths were cautious about these latter intuitions, testing any intuitive thoughts through deductive reasoning before accepting them. Their reluctance is not surprising given the consequences for patient care, but we propose this also reflects homeopaths' sensitivity to the academic and medical mistrust of both homeopathy and intuition. This study is the first to explore the use of intuition in decision making in any form of complementary medicine. The similarities with conventional practitioners may provide confidence in validating intuition as a legitimate part of the decision making process for these specific practitioners. Further work is needed to elucidate if these findings reflect intuitive use in clinical practice of other CAM practitioners in both private and NHS (i.e., time limited) settings.
Understanding Mobile Technology Post-Adoption Behaviour: Impact upon Knowledge Creation and Individual Performance

Substantial growth in mobile technologies has revolutionised how individuals within industries conduct their work. However, after significant investments in Information Systems innovations existing evidence strongly suggests that Information Systems are often under-utilised following implementation. Therefore, it is important to understand post adoption behaviour at an infusion phase. Offering real-time information, mobile technologies are transforming how health care services are delivered. Currently, the extent to which post adoption behaviours from using m-health technologies impacts knowledge creation and an individual's performance is under investigated. In order to bridge this gap and extending existing research in the Information Systems field, a conceptual modelis developed to investigate m-health technology post-adoption behavior (i.e. integrative and exploratory use) relating to their impact upon knowledge creation and individual performance.