Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CAHIER DU LAMSADE 259 Juillet 2007 On the Hitting Set of Bundles Problem

Le problème de l'ensemble minimal de paquets (minimal hitting set of bundles problem ou HSB) est défini comme suit. On dispose d'un ensemble g(j) j. Une solution du problème HSB est un sous ensemble E ⊆ E tel que pour tout S j ∈ S, au moins un paquet est couvert, i.e. b l j ⊆ E. Le coût total de la solution, noté C(E), est {i|e i ∈E } c i. Le problème consiste à trouver une solution de coût total minimum. Nous donnons un algorithme déterministe N (1 − (1 − 1 N) M)-approché, où N est le nombre maximal de paquets par ensemble et M est le nombre maximal d'ensembles à qui un élément appartient. Le rapport d'approximation est à peu de choses près le meilleur que l'on puisse proposer car on peut montrer que HSB ne peut être approché avec un rapport 7/6 − lorsque N = 2 et N − 1 − lorsque N ≥ 3. L'algorithme proposé est aussi le premier offrant une garantie de performance pour le problème classique d'optimisation de requêtes multiples [9, 10]. Son rapport d'approximation pour le problème MIN k−SAT dont il est une généralisation est le même que celui du meilleur algorithme connu [3]. Résumé The minimum HITTING SET OF BUNDLES problem (HSB) is defined as follows. We are given a set Cahiers du LAMSADE 1 (i = 1,. . , n) has a non negative cost c i. A bundle b is a subset of E. We are also gi-g(j) j. A solution to HSB is a subset E ⊆ E such that for every S j ∈ S at least one bundle is covered, i.e. b l j ⊆ E. The total cost of the solution, denoted as C(E), is {i|e i ∈E } c i. The problem is to find a solution with minimum total cost. We give a deterministic N (1 − (1 − 1 N) M)-approximation algorithm, where N is the maximal number of bundles per set and M is the maximal number of sets an element can appear in. This is roughly speaking the best approximation ratio that we can obtain for the HSB problem since we also prove that HSB cannot be approximated within 7/6− when N = 2 and N −1− when N ≥ 3. Our algorithm is also the first approximation algorithm with guaranteed performance for the classical MULTIPLE-QUERY OPTIMIZATION …
Scalability Evaluation of the CFD Solver CODA on the AMD Naples Architecture

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are an increasingly important part of aircraft design. They allow in-depth insight into the aerodynamic behavior of components and help reducing cost and time in development. CODA is a next-generation CFD solver for aerodynamic simulations of fully equipped aircraft. It is developed by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), the French Aerospace Lab (ONERA), and Airbus, and is one of the key applications represented in the European Centre of Excellence for Engineering Applications (Excellerat). This work evaluates the CODA CFD solver on the CARA HPC system based on the AMD Naples architecture. The evaluation includes an assessment of the scalability on the largest available partition of the production system with the NASA common research model in a strong scaling scenario, a comparison of different hybrid-parallel setups suitable for the specific memory and NUMA layout and a comparison of the results with the Intel Cascade Lake architecture. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of node placement and unfavorable network loads on large scale runs.
Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King ' s Research Portal

Tra c congestion is a major issue that plagues many urban road networks large and small. Tra c engineers are now leaning towards Intelligent Tra c Systems as many physical changes to road networks are costly or infeasible. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have become a popular paradigm for intelligent solutions to tra c management problems. There are many MAS approaches to tra c management that utilise market mechanisms. In market-based approaches, drivers “pay” to use the roadways. However, a major issue with many of these solutions is that they require technology that, as yet, does not exist or is not widely available. For example, they rely on a special software agent that resides within the vehicle. This “vehicle agent” is responsible for participating in the market mechanism and communicating with the transportation infrastructure. In this paper, an auction-based tra c controller is proposed which exploits all the benefits of market mechanisms without the need for a vehicle agent. Experimental results show that such a controller is better at reducing delay and increasing throughput in a simulated city, as compared to fixed-time signal controllers.
Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King ' s Research Portal

Smart devices equipped with powerful sensing, computing and networking capabilities have proliferated lately, ranging from popular smartphones and tablets to Internet appliances, smart TVs, and others that will soon appear (e.g., watches, glasses, and clothes). One key feature of such devices is their ability to incorporate third-party apps from a variety of markets. This poses strong security and privacy issues to users and infrastructure operators, particularly through software of malicious (or dubious) nature that can easily get access to the services provided by the device and collect sensory data and personal information. Malware in current smart devices –mostly smartphones and tablets– have rocketed in the last few years, in some cases supported by sophisticated techniques purposely designed to overcome security architectures currently in use by such devices. Even though important advances have been made on malware detection in traditional personal computers during the last decades, adopting and adapting those techniques to smart devices is a challenging problem. For example, power consumption is one major constraint that makes unaffordable to run traditional detection engines on the device, while externalized (i.e., cloud-based) techniques rise many privacy concerns. This article examines the problem of malware in smart devices and recent progress made in detection techniques. We first present a detailed analysis on how malware has evolved over the last years for the most popular platforms. We identify exhibited behaviors, pursued goals, infection and distribution strategies, etc. and provide numerous examples through case studies of the most relevant specimens. We next survey, classify and discuss efforts made on detecting both malware and other suspicious software (grayware), concentrating on the 20 most relevant techniques proposed between 2010 and 2013. Based on the conclusions extracted from this study, we finally provide constructive discussion on open research problems and areas where we believe that more work is needed.
Bifurcation theory for vortices with application to boundary layer eruption

We develop a bifurcation theory describing the conditions under which vortices are created or destroyed in a two-dimensional incompressible flow. We define vortices using the $Q$ -criterion and analyse the vortex structure by considering the evolution of the zero contours of $Q$ . The theory identifies topological changes of the vortex structure and classifies these as four possible types of bifurcations, two occurring away from boundaries, and two occurring near no-slip walls. Our theory provides a description of all possible codimension-one bifurcations where time is treated as the bifurcation parameter. To illustrate our results, we consider the early stages of boundary layer eruption at moderate Reynolds numbers in the range from $Re=750$ to $Re=2250$ . By analysing numerical simulations of the phenomenon, we show how to describe the eruption process as sequences of the four possible bifurcations of codimension one. Our simulations show that there is a single codimension-two point within our parameter range. This codimension-two point arises at $Re=1817$ via the coalescence of two codimension-one bifurcations which are associated with the creation and subsequent destruction of one of the vortices that erupt from the boundary layer. We present a theoretical description of this process and explain how the occurrence of this phenomenon separates the parameter space into two regions with distinct evolution of the topology of the vortices.
Conversations with Search Engines: SERP-based Conversational Response Generation

In this article, we address the problem of answering complex information needs by conducting conversations with search engines, in the sense that users can express their queries in natural language and directly receive the information they need from a short system response in a conversational manner. Recently, there have been some attempts towards a similar goal, e.g., studies on Conversational Agents (CAs) and Conversational Search (CS). However, they either do not address complex information needs in search scenarios or they are limited to the development of conceptual frameworks and/or laboratory-based user studies. We pursue two goals in this article: (1) the creation of a suitable dataset, the Search as a Conversation (SaaC) dataset, for the development of pipelines for conversations with search engines, and(2) the development of a state-of-the-art pipeline for conversations with search engines, Conversations with Search Engines (CaSE), using this dataset. SaaC is built based on a multi-turn conversational search dataset, where we further employ workers from a crowdsourcing platform to summarize each relevant passage into a short, conversational response. CaSE enhances the state-of-the-art by introducing a supporting token identification module and a prior-aware pointer generator, which enables us to generate more accurate responses. We carry out experiments to show that CaSE is able to outperform strong baselines. We also conduct extensive analyses on the SaaC dataset to show where there is room for further improvement beyond CaSE. Finally, we release the SaaC dataset and the code for CaSE and all models used for comparison to facilitate future research on this topic.
Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIV

ix Conference Committee DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION I 6966 02 Constrained basis set expansions for target subspaces in hyperspectral detection and identification [6966-01] S. Adler-Golden, J. Gruninger, R. Sundberg, Spectral Sciences, Inc. (USA) 6966 03 Hyperspectral anomaly detection based on minimum generalized variance method [6966-02] E. Lo, Susquehanna Univ. (USA); J. Ingram, U.S. Military Academy (USA) 6966 04 Regularization for spectral matched filter and RX anomaly detector [6966-03] N. M. Nasrabadi, Army Research Lab. (USA) 6966 05 An adaptive CFAR algorithm for real-time hyperspectral target detection [6966-04] E. Ensafi, A. D. Stocker, Space Computer Corp. (USA) 6966 06 Band selection for hyperspectral target detection based on a multinormal mixture anomaly detection algorithm [6966-05] I. Kasen, A. Rodningsby, T. V. Haavardsholm, T. Skauli, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (Norway) SENSOR DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, AND DATA ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES 6966 07 High-performance hyperspectral imager using a novel acousto-optic tuneable filter [6966-06] E. S. Wachman, ChromoDynamics Inc. (USA); C. N. Pannell, Optronic Labs. Inc. (USA) 6966 0B Solvability and speed improvement in iterative processing with deterministic pseudo-inversions [6966-10] H. C. Schau, Meridian Systems LLC (USA) and Embry Riddle Aeronautical Univ. (USA) 6966 0C A novel method for illumination suppression in hyperspectral images [6966-11] E. A. Ashton, B. D. Wemett, VirtualScopics, Inc. (USA); R. A. Leathers, T. V. Downes, Naval Research Lab. (USA) CLUSTERING AND CLASSIFICATION 6966 0E Using three-dimensional spectral/spatial Gabor filters for hyperspectral region classification [6966-13] T. C. Bau, S. Sarkar, G. Healey, Univ. of California, Irvine (USA)
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES DO CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS IMPROVE ECONOMIC OUTCOMES IN THE NEXT GENERATION? EVIDENCE FROM MEXICO

Conditional cash transfer programs have spread to over 60 countries in the past two decades, but little is known about their long-term effects. We estimate the lasting impact of childhood exposure to Mexico’s flagship program Progresa by leveraging the age structure of benefits and geographic variation in early program penetration nationwide. Childhood exposure improves women’s outcomes in early adulthood, with increases in educational attainment, geographic mobility, labor market performance, and household living standards. For men, effects are smaller and more difficult to distinguish from spatial convergence. Susan W. Parker 4109 Van Munching Hall University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 swparker@umd.edu Tom Vogl Department of Economics University of California at San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA 92093 and NBER tvogl@ucsd.edu
Investigation of maximum possible OPF problem decomposition degree for decentralized energy markets

Summary form only given. The need for improved utilization of existing system assets and energy sources, as well as the smooth incorporation of new technologies (such as electric vehicles) into the grid, has prompted the participation of small power consumers and generators in the energy markets. A problem of such scale however cannot be managed in a centralized manner in its full detail. This paper examines the idea of a decentralized approach in clearing the energy market. A general framework for the problem decomposition and its distributed solution is presented and analyzed. A key point of interest in this work is the fundamental question of how far decomposition may be pursued for a given system, while still achieving reasonable convergence properties. The corresponding optimization problem is formulated and solved through a parallel implementation of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). A thorough investigation of its convergence properties is conducted, and through its coordination with an additional proximal based decomposition method we improve its scalability characteristics.
When the Stakes are High: A Limit to the Illusion-of-Control Effect

Three studies investigated a boundary condition on the illusion-of-control effect (the tendency to behave as if one can control random events). Subjects wagered poker chips on the roll of a die, either to win money or to reduce the amount of time they would have to spend on unpleasant tasks. To induce illusory control, half of the subjects were allowed to choose the face of the die on which they would bet and were told they would throw the die. In addition, each chip represented either a small or large amount of money or task time. When potential costs were low, subjects with illusory control wagered more and were more confident of winning than were subjects without illusory control. When potential costs were high, illusory control had no effect on wagers or confidence. Preliminary evidence was found for a mood interpretation of these results. The illusion of control increased positive affect in both the low- and high-cost conditions. When costs were low, this positive affect may have been responsible for.
M ARGINAL DEADWEIGHT LOSS WHEN THE INCOME TAX IS NOT LINEAR

Most theoretical work on how to calculate the marginal deadweight loss has been done for linear taxes and for variations in linear budget constraints. This is quite surprising since most income tax systems are nonlinear, generating nonlinear budget constraints. Instead of developing the proper procedure to calculate the marginal deadweight loss for variations in nonlinear income taxes a common procedure has been to linearize the nonlinear budget constraint and apply methods that are correct for variations in a linear income tax. Such a procedure leads to incorrect results. The main purpose of this paper is to show how to correctly calculate the marginal deadweight loss when the income tax is nonlinear. A second purpose is to evaluate the bias in results that obtains when a linearization procedure is used. Our main theoretical result is that the overall curvature of the tax system plays the same role as the curvature of indifference curves for the size of the marginal deadweight loss. Using numerical simulations calibrated on US data, we show that common linearization procedures may lead to substantial overestimation of the marginal deadweight loss.
speed of SMEs: The role of relational mechanisms and foreign market knowledge

Prior research shows that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can utilize domestic networks with internationally experienced partners to accelerate their internationalization process. Yet, there is a lack of clarity and limited empirical evidence regarding the role of relational mechanisms within these networks in driving post-entry internationalization speed (PIS) of SMEs. To address this gap, this study examines the relational mechanisms-PIS relationship by drawing insights from the relational view to argue that foreign market knowledge mediates the relationship between relational mechanisms and PIS. The hypothesized study model is tested using a structural equation modelling (SEM) technique on a sample of 394 UK based manufacturing SMEs. Our results show that foreign market knowledge acquisition from domestic networks fully mediates the relationship between relational mechanisms and PIS. Additionally, the linkage between foreign market knowledge acquisition and PIS is moderated by domestic environmental hostility, such that the relationship is strengthened when domestic environmental hostility increases. We discuss the contributions and implications of our results and suggest opportunities for future research.
Panoramic Video for Efficient Ground Surveillance from Small Unmanned Air Vehicles

PANORAMIC VIDEO FOR EFFICIENT GROUND SURVEILLANCE FROM SMALL UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES Joseph A. Jackson Department of Mechanical Engineering Master of Science As unmanned air vehicle (UAV) utilization increases in Wilderness Search and Rescue (WiSAR) efforts, onboard sensors yielding more information will be desired. UAVs can assist WiSAR efforts by accelerating the ground search process through returning quality aerial footage of the terrain. Additionally, tracking the progress of a search by populating a digital map with video resolution data increases confidence that a comprehensive search of the region has been made. This thesis presents methods for acquiring video from multiple video sensors and fusing them into a single rendered video stream as a Virtual Gimbal. The panoramic video stream is the first of its kind to be constructed from video transmissions from a small UAV, and the first known video panorama to be used to quickly survey a region within a WiSAR context. The Virtual Gimbal comprises two video transmissions from a three camera array mounted in a downward-looking configuration on a UAV. This video stream has been shown to decrease the amount of time required to thoroughly survey a region by more than 40 percent.
Ways of knowing of farmers and scientists: tree and soil management in the Ethiopian Highlands

The Ethiopian Highlands have been studied extensively, hosting a large amount of research for development projects in agriculture and forestry over several decades. The encounters in these projects were also encounters of different ways of knowing that were negotiated by the actors meeting in the space provided by the projects. This research explores these encounters and the social worlds they are embedded in, drawing on actor-oriented approaches as well as theories of narratives and framing. Ways of knowing and citizen epistemologies are taken as a lens to understand the role of identities in knowledge production and use. The two case studies were agroforestry research projects in the Ethiopian Highlands. The research followed a range of qualitative and ethnographic research methods. Different types of farmers and scientists meet in the case studies. I recognise that they all have individual agency, nevertheless I use the terms ‘scientist’ and ‘farmer’ in this thesis. I use the terms to describe certain groups of actors who all draw on different ways of knowing, and different value systems, when interacting with each other and their environment. The results indicate that the importance of social worlds at different scales and the contexts of research projects tend to be underestimated. In spite of good intentions scientific methodologies, terminologies and narratives tend to dominate. Scientists in the case studies acknowledged the existence of farmers’ ‘indigenous’ knowledge, but they determined the value of knowledge by its scientific applicability and the replicability of experiments. Research systems force the scientists into a certain modus operandi with limited possibilities to experiment and to respond to the complexities and diversities of people's social worlds. Farmers in the case studies preferred observation from their parents, observing from others or the environment as a way of learning and gaining knowledge. Depending on their personalities and their life histories they also relied on alternative ways of knowing rooted in spirituality, emotions and memories. Powerful influences on ways of knowing resulted from the way languages and authority had been used. These often led to the exclusion of marginalised community members from access to knowledge and technologies. Unfortunately, common narratives prevailed in the case studies, and alternative ways of knowing were often marginalised. By acknowledging different ways of knowing and the importance of different social worlds and different ways of doing research, both scientists and farmers could benefit and develop more sustainable pathways for agricultural and forestry land use.
Controls on leaf water hydrogen and oxygen isotopes: a local investigation across seasons and altitude

Abstract. The stable oxygen (δ18Oleaf) and hydrogen (δ2Hleaf) isotopes of leaf water act as a bridge that connects the hydroclimate to plant-derived organic matter. However, it remains unclear whether the source water (i.e., twig water, soil water, and precipitation) or meteorological parameters (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) are the dominant controls on δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf. Here, we reported a seasonal analysis of δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf together with isotopes from potential source waters and meteorological parameters along an elevation transect on the Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that δ2Hleaf values were more closely correlated with source water isotopes than δ18Oleaf values, whereas δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values were similarly correlated with meteorological parameters along the elevation transect. Dual-isotope analysis showed that the δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values were closely associated because of their similar altitudinal and seasonal responses, generating a well-defined isotope line relative to the local meteoric water line (LMWL). We also compared the measured δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values with values predicted by the Craig–Gordon model and found no significant differences between them. We demonstrate that the first-order control on δ18Oleaf and δ2Hleaf values was the source water, and the second-order control was the enrichment associated with biochemical and environmental factors on the Loess Plateau.
Technology Medicine Open Access book

lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) presentation and time after transplantation in kidney and lung transplant recipients. PTLD localized in the allograft occurred significantly earlier after transplantation when compared with PTLD localized outside the allograft (median: 4.5 months, range: 1–99 months vs. median: 51 months, range: 2–172 months, P = 0.001) (adapted ref. Bakker NA clinical transplant for PTLD development. The positive predictive value of high EBV-DNA loads as a predictor for PTLD development might be improved with this method. Smets et (Smets showed that high EBV-DNA loads in patients who underwent primary EBV were indicative for PTLD development only if there was a low concomitant cellular immune response.