Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Modulation of the Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein Pathway

Actions of estrogen include mechanisms leading to alterations in gene transcription that may be independent of nuclear estrogen receptors, as well as those involving direct action of the estrogen receptor on the genome. Also, the influence of estrogen in the brain appears to extend well beyond areas associated with reproduction and may include forebrain areas linked to affective and cognitive behaviors. We investigated the effects of acute and long-term estradiol benzoate (E2) treatment on total and phosphorylated cyclic AMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein levels and on cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-DNA binding in forebrain areas of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Long-term E2 treatment increased CRE-DNA binding in the amygdala but not in hippocampus, frontal cortex, or cerebellum. The increase in CRE-DNA binding in the amygdala was associated with increased levels of total and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) protein during protracted E2 exposure. To localize the estrogenic effect in the amygdala and determine if an effect in one hippocampal region was masked by a lack of effect in another subregion, we performed immunolabeling of pCREB in brain structures of chronically treated OVX animals with or without E2. This treatment resulted in a significant increase in relative total immunolabeled nuclei in the anteroventral subdivision of the medial amygdala. In the hippocampus, a significant increase in relative total immunolabeled nuclei was seen in the CA1 and CA3 regions, but not in the dentate gyrus or hilus of the dentate gyrus. Acute E2 treatment resulted in increased CRE-DNA binding in the frontal cortex but not in amygdala, hippocampus, or cerebellum. However, no changes in levels of total CREB or pCREB protein were observed in the frontal cortex under E2 treatment. No changes were observed either in basal or cAMP-stimulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity or in PKA-α catalytic subunit immunoreactivity in the amygdala or the frontal cortex. Our study indicates that both long-term and acute treatments with estrogens influence the function of CREB in specific brain structures.
Editorial Sport steps up to take the inside track

Purpose – The purpose of this editorial is to set the context for the first edition of this new sport business management journal, by identifying some key developments in the sport industry and establishing the parameters for papers that may be subsequently submitted to the journal.Design/methodology/approach – The inaugural editorial is based upon the Editor's previous academic experience and his work with practitioners in the field of sport business management. As such, the commentary presented reflects a perceived need for high‐quality research within the field of sport business management.Findings – On the basis of extensive experience working with leading business scholars, as well as senior managers from across sport, it is the Editor's view that the business of sport is a dynamic, increasingly complex industry that is generating a multitude of research opportunities but which at the same time requires sophisticated insights to be developed.Research limitations/implications – The editorial introduct.
Effect of Anticoagulation on Hospitalization Costs After Intracranial Hemorrhage in Atrial Fibrillation: A Registry Study

Background and Purpose— Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is the most feared adverse event with oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. The health economic aspects of resuming oral anticoagulant therapy after ICH are unknown. The aim was to estimate hospitalization costs of thromboembolism and hemorrhage subsequent to ICH in 2 patient groups with atrial fibrillation surviving the first 90 days post ICH: (1) patients resuming warfarin therapy within 90 days post ICH and (2) patients discontinuing therapy. Methods— Retrospective data from Danish national registries were linked to identify patients with atrial fibrillation who suffered an ICH between January 1, 1997, and April 1, 2011. Study start was 90 days after incident ICH. Mortality was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier estimate. Occurrence of hospitalization-requiring thromboembolism and hemorrhage was used to estimate hospitalization costs by linkage of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes to Danish Diagnosis–Related Group tariffs. The effect of resuming warfarin therapy on average 3-year hospitalization costs was estimated by regression analysis adjusted for between-group differences in baseline characteristics. Results— In the inclusion period, 2162 patients had an ICH; 1098 survived the first 90 days and were included for analysis, and of those, 267 resumed warfarin therapy. Therapy resumption reduced the mean 3-year hospitalization cost of hospitalized patients significantly by US$ 1588 (95% confidence interval, −2925 to −251) and was significantly correlated with fewer hospitalization days per hospitalized patient (−4.6 [95% confidence interval, −7.6 to −1.6]). The marginal effect of therapy resumption on hospitalization costs per patient was US$ −407 (95% confidence interval, −815 to 2). Conclusions— Resuming warfarin therapy within 90 days after ICH in patients with atrial fibrillation is associated with a decrease in average hospitalization costs.
On nonsingularity of Boolean control networks

A previous paper [Zhang et al. Automatica, 60, 155-164, 2015] characterizes invertibility and nonsingularity of Boolean control networks (BCNs). In this follow-up paper, we give a matrix-form sufficient condition for nonsingularity of BCNs, and design an algorithm to compute the pseudo-inverse BCN for a nonsingular BCN based on the sufficient condition.
Can x rays be accurately interpreted using a low cost telemedicine system?

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the quality of x ray films transmitted via a low cost (low resolution) telemedicine link was satisfactory for clinical diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective study of a set of consecutive accident and emergency (A&E) radiographs. An A&E registrar viewed these directly on a standard x ray viewing box and via a telemedicine link. RESULTS: There were 81 abnormalities out of 234 x ray films. Three abnormalities were missed both on the x ray viewing box and telemedicine link, one of which was significant. There were five additional abnormalities missed on the telemedicine link but detected on the x ray viewing box, of which two were significant. One normal x ray film was interpreted as abnormal on the telemedicine link. There were no false positives on direct viewing. CONCLUSION: Transference of plain radiographs using a low cost/low resolution telemedicine link by A&E doctors is adequate for clinical interpretation.
Achieving the G8 50% target: modelling induced and accelerated technological change using the macro-econometric model E3MG

This article assesses the feasibility of a 50% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 using a large-scale Post Keynesian simulation model of the global energy—environment—economy system. The main policy to achieve the target is a carbon price rising to $100/tCO2 by 2050, attained through auctioned CO2 permits for the energy sector, and carbon taxes for the rest of the economy. This policy induces technological change. However, this price is insufficient, and global CO2 would be only about 15% below 2000 levels by 2050. In order to achieve the target, additional policies have been modelled in a portfolio, with the auction and tax revenues partly recycled to support investment in low-GHG technologies in energy, manufacturing and transportation, and ‘no-regrets’ options for buildings. This direct support supplements the effects of the increases in carbon prices, so that the accelerated adoption of new technologies leads to lower unit costs. In addition the $100/tCO2 price is reached earlier, by 2030, strengthening the price signal. In a low-carbon society, as modelled, GDP is slightly above the baseline as a consequence of more rapid development induced by more investment and increased technological change.
The True Claim Amount and Frequency Distributions within a Bonus-Malus System

Abstract We apply Lemaire's algorithm and a non-parametric mixed Poisson fit to a motor insurance portfolio in order to find the true claim frequency and claim amount distributions. The algorithm we develop accounts for the fact that observed distributions are distorted by bonus hunger, when a bonus-malus system is used by the insurer.
CONTRIBUCIÓN DEL DESARROLLO TURÍSTICO SOBRE EL EMPLEO RURAL NO AGRÍCOLA EN COSTA RICA

La crisis de principios de los anos ochenta, la estabilizacion, la apertura y la reforma economica, pilares de la nueva estrategia de desarrollo que se ha estado impulsando, son hoy parte de los procesos que han inducido cambios importantes en el mundo rural costarricense y en particular en los mercados de trabajo. En medio de una logica transformadora del tipo "mas Mercado y menos Estado" los cambios ocurridos en la dinamica productiva destacan entre los mas importantes. La politica sectorial activa: de topes de cartera, tasas de interes subsidiadas y precios de sustentacion ha sido sustituida por la logica eficientista de los mercados libres y desregulados. La eficiencia, la rentabilidad y la competitividad son hoy parte de una racionalidad economica de caracter envolvente y devienen en las nuevas reglas de juego que gobiernan el mundo rural. Mientras, un mejor posicionamiento en los mercados locales o regionales y/o la incursion y penetracion en los mercados externos es parte de los objetivos estrategicos
Economics of Pricing the Cost of Carbon Dioxide Restrictions in the Production of Electricity

Abstract We calculate the cost of a carbon dioxide constraint in the production of electricity by modeling the replacement of coal generators with natural gas generators. We find: First, replacing coal generators with natural gas generators is the most economical way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent. Second, replacing existing coal generation capacity with modern coal generation plants can only reduce total carbon dioxide by 5 percent. Third, the distribution of the efficiency of coal generators in the United States restricts the range over which carbon dioxide prices effectively manage the displacement of coal by gas. Fourth, the narrow range for the price of carbon dioxide creates the possibility that a market in carbon dioxide permits will result in high volatility in the market for electricity. Fifth, the carbon prices implied by the transition from coal to gas will have very little impact on transportation fuels. doi: 10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol32-No4-1
New Approximations in Local Volatility Models

For general time-dependent local volatility models, we propose new approximation formulas for the price of call options. This extends previous results of [BGM10b] where stochastic expansions combined with Malliavin calculus were performed to obtain approximation formulas based on the local volatility At The Money. Here, we derive alternative expansions involving the local volatility at strike. Averaging both expansions give even more accurate results. Approximations of the implied volatility are provided as well.
A Class of Transformed Mean Residual Life Models With Censored Survival Data

This article features online supplementary material. The mean residual life function is an attractive alternative to the survival function or the hazard function of a survival time in practice. It provides the remaining life expectancy of a subject surviving up to time t. In this study, we propose a class of transformed mean residual life models for fitting survival data under right censoring. To estimate the model parameters, we make use of the inverse probability of censoring weighting approach and develop a system of estimating equations. Efficiency and robustness of the estimators are also studied. Both asymptotic and finite sample properties of the proposed estimators are established and the approach is applied to two real-life datasets collected from clinical trials.
Intracellular Elemental Concentrations in Resting and Secreting Rat Parotid Glands

Electron probe x-ray micro-analysis was used to study the elemental concentration changes that occur during pilocarpine-stimulated saliva secretion. Quantitative x-ray micro-analysis of elemental concentrations in intracellular compartments of rat parotid glands stimulated in vivo with pilocarpine showed that Na concentration was significantly increased, while K concentration was significantly reduced. The magnitude of these changes was consistent with values obtained in other tissues with the x-ray micro-analysis method, and in the same tissue with other experimental methods. Comparisons with results from studies utilizing dispersed acini suggest that acinar dispersion procedures may affect intracellular elemental concentrations. Total electrolyte concentrations in cytoplasm and secretory granules were estimated to increase on a dry-weight basis following pilocarpine stimulation. The former change is consistent with the notion of a trans-cellular route of salivary fluid flow, while the latter change may be important in the exocytosis of secretory granules.
Real-time Biomechanical Modeling for Intraoperative Soft Tissue Registration

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Psychoacoustic and neurophysiologic Investigations of auditory continuity

A sound that is briefly interrupted by a silent gap is perceived as discontinuous. However, when the gap is filled with noise, the sound may be perceived as continuing through the noise. It has been shown that this continuity illusion depends on the masking of the omitted target sound, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be quantified thoroughly. In this paper we systematically quantify the relation between perceived continuity and the duration, relative power, or notch width of the interrupting broadband noise for interrupted and non-interrupted amplitudemodulated tones at different frequencies. We fitted the psychometric results to estimate the range of the noise parameters that induce auditory grouping. To explain our results within a common theoretical framework, we applied a power spectrum model to the different masking results and estimated the critical bandwidth of the auditory filter that may be responsible for the continuity illusion. Our results set constraints on the spectral resolution of the mechanisms underlying the continuity illusion, and provide a stimulus set that can be readily applied for neurophysiologic studies of its neural correlates. Reprinted from: Riecke L, Van Opstal J, Formisano E. (2008). The auditory continuity illusion: A parametric investigation and filter model. Percept Psychophys, 70, 1 12. , with permission from The Psychonomic Society.
Ranking of factors contributing to higher performance in the ocean transportation industry: a multi-attribute utility theory approach

Ocean transportation has been mainly studied from an economic and strategic point of view. This paper adopts an operations management approach aiming at the identification of the value-adding attributes that characterize the ocean transportation industry. This is achieved by using Johansson et al . 's 1 four value metrics—service, quality, cost, time—which are used for the identification of the contribution that different factors make to the total created value. In this paper, multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) has been used to measure and compare the value of different processes of various sectors of the ocean transportation industry. The application of MAUT methodology is illustrated with an example from the four sectors of the industry: liner, dry bulk, liquid bulk and specialized. Results suggest that there is strong emphasis placed by ocean transportation companies on quality and that there is differentiating importance put on service and cost by different sectors. Time is seen as the lowest value contributor by all four sectors of the surveyed companies.
In silico methods in stability testing of hydrocortisone, powder for injections: Multiple regression analysis versus dynamic neural network

This article presents the possibility of using of multiple regression analysis (MRA) and dynamic neural network (DNN) for prediction of stability of Hydrocortisone 100 mg (in a form of hydrocortisone sodium succinate) freeze-dried powder for injection packed into a dual chamber container. Degradation products of hydrocortisone sodium succinate: free hydrocortisone and related substances (impurities A, B, C, D and E; unspecified impurities and total impurities) were followed during stress and formal stability studies. All data obtained during stability studies were used for in silico modeling; multiple regression models and dynamic neural networks as well, in order to compare predicted and observed results. High values of coefficient of determination (0.950.99) were gained using MRA and DNN, so both methods are powerful tools for in silico stability studies, but superiority of DNN over mathematical modeling of degradation was also confirmed.
Can Accounting Earnings Predict Future GDP Growth? Evidence from China

这研究调查财务收入是否能预言未来在瓷器机构的背景以内的粗野国内产品(GDP ) 生长。 Konchitchki 和 Patatoukas (2014a ) 发现那项财务收入是 GDP 生长的重要的带指示物下一三或四个季度。 然而，我们推测那个收入管理因为它弄歪，将为财务收入削弱如此的预兆的力量从真实社团的利润的收入。 因为中国公司的收入是严重美国公司比那些操作的更多，这研究发现列出的公司能仅仅预言的汉语的那项收入 GDP 生长一个单个季度。 我们进一步把财务收入分解成操作现金流动和获利收入并且发现是收入管理影响的更少的那操作现金流动在下一三个季度，而是获利收入的更长的地平线上为 GDP 有更好预兆的力量能仅仅预言 GDP 生长 1/4。
The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia

BOOK REVIEWS soon became unavailable in the UK. This edition again contains twelve chapters: introduction, classification, symptoms, mechanical.To alleviate rural poverty in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, strategies focusing on raising production and increasing opportunities for rural employment have.Singh, Inderjit. The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia. Baltimore MD, and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, , xiv + Available in the National Library of Australia collection. Author: Singh, Inderjit, ; Format: Book; xxvii, p.: ill. , maps ; 25 cm.The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia (World Bank) [Professor Inderjit Singh] on easydetoxspa.com *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Book by Singh.to the import-competing sectors was still quite high, and hence a continuing burden on agriculture. There are lessons to be learned about the sequencing of.The great ascent: the rural poor in South Asia. Book.This is the most comprehensive analysis available of rural poverty in South Asia ( especially India). Singh's critical examination of existing empirical studies and.to examine regional variation in poverty within Karnataka. The poverty estimates However, one important inconsistency is that the rural-urban differentials in . Inland southern Inland northern . Singh, I (): The Great Ascent: The Rural. Poor in South Asia, Johns Hopkins University. Press, Baltimore.DEVELOPMENT. The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in. South Asia. I. Singh, World Bank, Washington, ,. pp. One of the major methods by which.SAARC & Beyond Civil Society and Regional Integration in South Asia Navnita Chadha Behera PART . The great ascent: the rural poor in South Asia []. Industry and the Economic Transition (Microeconomics of Transition Economies), and The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia (World Bank), and more.returns gained by different sections of the rural population from farming during one Singh, I () The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia Johns.Records 81 of Religious Minorities in South Asia: Selected Essays on Post-Colonial Situations, The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia.Michael Upton with Richard Longburst, New Seeds and Poor People. Inderjit Singh, The Great Ascent. The Rural Poor In South Asia. Robert S.The financial crisis of in East and Southeast Asia has raised questions about lessons to learn from Asia's great ascent out of poverty since the Second World War. Education for rural development: towards new policy responses.The financial crisis of in East and Southeast Asia has from Asia's great ascent out of poverty since the Second World War. Evidence on the Philippines indicates a U-shaped pattern in urban–rural inequality.
A Simple Proposal for a Debt Related Fiscal Rule

The main rationale for fiscal policy rules is the concern for long-term sustainability of public finances, that in a monetary union may affect the other members. Among many other criticisms, the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) has been seen as contradictory or incomplete because it focuses on deficit rather than debt, the main indicator of public finances’ soundness. Furthermore, the few references to debt that were present in the treaties and related regulations are essentially ignored in actual practices. Some of the reform proposals that came out lately have addressed the issue and tried to embed a debt criterion in the Pact. We review these proposals and put forward our own proposed modification: the deficit ratio countries should target is weighted by their relative debt. With respect to the other proposals taking into account debt, our own has the advantages of simplicity, symmetry, and low arbitrariness. To make it politically acceptable to high debt countries, nevertheless, could require to set the targets, at least initially, at level higher than the Maastricht criteria.
Lipoperoxidation Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Erythrocyte Membranes

An in vitro model using healthy human erythrocyte suspensions was used to compare the antioxidant effect of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) with those of water-soluble (ascorbic acid, glutathione and uric acid) and lipid-soluble (α-tocopherol and retinol acetate) antioxidants. Lipid peroxidation was induced by hydrogen peroxide in the absence (control) and presence of antioxidants at low (25 μg/ml) and high (250 μg/ml) concentrations. Malondialdehyde production was determined as the indicator of lipid peroxidation during the incubation period. The results suggest that all of the antioxidants, except ascorbic acid, have antioxidant potential in this system in a concentration-dependent manner. When the antioxidants were compared, EGb 761 was found to be more effective than water-soluble antioxidants, and as effective as lipid-soluble antioxidants. Among the lipid-soluble antioxidants there was no significant difference in potency between α-tocopherol and retinol acetate, but uric acid was the most potent of the water-soluble antioxidants. The antioxidant potency of EGb 761 appears to be comparable with that of the well-known antioxidants α-tocopherol and retinol acetate.