Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-Markov Clustering Matthew Robards and

Clustering of subsequences of time series is a widely studied and applied class of techniques [3, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7] which aims at interpreting a time series as a shorter sequence of symbols, each of which represent a segment of the series with a pattern that is similar to other segments that has been assigned the same symbol. The research field of subsequence clustering, which was already a widely applied and studied technique, took a dramatic turn after Keogh, Lin and Truppel [4] published a paper which claimed that clustering subsequences using sliding window approaches is meaningless. They had discovered that techniques such as the standard k-means clustering of the segments of a time series created by a sliding window of a fixed size are often looking the same regardless of the input data. When using a fixed size sliding window one will often create segments that are in different phases with respect to the pattern in the data which makes it difficult to learn meaningful patterns. Here we extend the objective function of k-means clustering from fixed window segments to segmentations of varying length. In this new clustering framework there is no need for using overlapping windows. Semi-markov clustering does not cluster a fixed set of segments, but works with all possible segmentations to find one way of segmenting the sequence into consistent patterns. Unlike in the fixed window setting, the result is a segmentation into consistent patterns and centroids that look exactly like those patterns. We report results on several dataset including the artificial Cylinder-Bell-Funnel set, ECG and accelerometer traces from body worn sensors.
Plasma norepinephrine levels are influenced by sodium intake, glucocorticoid administration, and circadian changes in normal man.

We examined the influences of factors that may contribute to blood pressure regulation, including sodium homeostasis, ACTH, and circadian rhythm, on plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels in normal man. Basal supine NE levels and their response to 2 h of upright posture were examined in eight subjects studied after 5 days on either low (20 meq), normal (120 meq), or high (200 meq) sodium diets. Sodium depletion increased and sodium loading decreased basal supine plasma NE. Low, but not high, sodium diets had a significant effect on plasma NE responses to upright posture. However, more acute sodium loading, with isotonic saline infusion for 4 h, had no effect on plasma NE. The administration of ACTH (40 U, im, for 31 days) had no significant effect on supine and upright plasma NE. However, dexamethasone administration (0.5 mg, orally, four times daily for 3 days depressed (P ¼ 0.05) both basal NE and its response to upright posture. Noctural and daytime recumbent secretory patterns of NE and blood pressure leve.
Cross-reactive immune responses between enteroviruses and islet cell autoantigens

Previous scientific data suggests that enterovirus infections, especially those caused by coxsackieviruses have a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. One mechanism by which viral infection could initiate or accelerate diabetogenic process in humans is 'molecular mim-icry', induction of antiviral immune responses which cross-react with self-epitopes in insulin producing β-cells. This study was prompted by sequence homology discovered between en-terovirus capsid/procapsid proteins VP1 and VP0 and two immunogenic diabetes-associated epitopes in β-cell autoantigens IA-2/IA-2β and HSP60. Possible cross-reactive immune responses were investigated using proteins and peptides derived from the homologous regions and extended to sera obtained with immunization with viral proteins and those derived from viral infections. Our results showed that rabbit antibodies raised against HSPs recognized capsid protein VP1 of coxsackievirus A9 (CAV9) and coxsackievirus B4 (CBV4) and recombinant VP1 protein of CAV9. The results obtained with VP1-, VP0-and IA-2-peptide induced rabbit antisera demonstrated that immunization of rabbits with these peptides induce cross-reacting immune responses. Among the cross-reactive immune responses studied, results obtained with coxsackievirus-derived VP1-peptide and IA-2-peptide induced antisera were most convincing. Enterovirus induced humoral responses were further studied in rabbits and NOD mice, which is an animal model for human type 1 diabetes. Both CBV4-and CAV9-induced rabbit antisera reacted with immunogenic epitope in IA-2. Immunization of female NOD mice with the diabetes associated strain CBV4-E2 resulted in recognition of epitopes in viral capsid proteins. Epitope mapping with partially overlapping peptides in CAV9 capsid proteins demonstrated that recognition of both VP0 and VP1 peptide sequences was prominent. Furthermore, epitope mapping of islet cell autoantigens showed that regions in IA-2 and HSP60, with sequence similarity with VP1 and VP0, were both recognized by CBV4-E2 immunized NOD mice. Studies were further extended to humans. Our results indicate that enterovirus infections in humans may induce immune responses that cross-react with β-cell autoantigens.
Autistic Adults at Bittersweet Farms

Contents Preface * Introduction Section I: Treatment Environments: Residential and Community-Based * Historical Rationale of the Therapeutic Community * Farmstead Residential Community: Bittersweet Farms * A Potpourri of Information From Staff * Treatment Settings in the United Kingdom for Autistic Adults * Community Services for Autistic Adults and Children * Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children * Section II: Individual Treatment and Training * Consulting Behavioral Management Team * Communication Issues * Farm Life and Physical Activitiy * Music and the Handbell Choir * Behavioral and Research Influences on Educational and Clinical Programs * Section III: Practical Issues and Viewpoints * State Funding Regulations * Funding and Politics * Perspectives on Bittersweet Farms * Adaptation and Change in a Residential Farmstead Community * Index
The Socio-Economic Determinants of International Soccer Performance

This paper reports regression results identifying the variables influencing a country's performance in international soccer games. The results reveal that economic, demographic, cultural and climatic factors are important. In particular, inverted U-shape relationships are identified with respect to temperature and per-capita wealth. We also find a significant interaction between Latin cultural origin and population size, while both variables are individually insignificant. Explanations for our results are offered.
Marine Indole Alkaloids

Marine indole alkaloids comprise a large and steadily growing group of secondary metabolites. Their diverse biological activities make many compounds of this class attractive starting points for pharmaceutical development. Several marine-derived indoles were found to possess cytotoxic, antineoplastic, antibacterial and antimicrobial activities, in addition to the action on human enzymes and receptors. The newly isolated indole alkaloids of marine origin since the last comprehensive review in 2003 are reported, and biological aspects will be discussed.
A spin label study of the influence of cholesterol on phospholipid multibilayer structures.

Cholesterol increases the degree of order indicated by the spin-labelled derivative of cholestane (3-spiro-(2′-(N-oxyl-4′,4′-dimethyloxazoIidine))-cholestane) in a hydrated multibilayer structure of egg lecithin. Estimates of the angle between the long axis of the label and the lamellar plane were obtained using a simple model for the effect of this angle on the angular dependence of the hyperfine splittings of the spin label. The deviation from perpendicularity was ~28 + 5° in the absence of cholesterol. This deviation decreased to a limiting value of ~10 ± 3° at 25 mole% cholesterol. The limiting deviation was smaller when dipalmitoyl lecithin was substituted for egg lecithin, indicating the importance of the nature of the acyl residues in this effect.The rotational frequency of the spin label about its long axis depended upon whether or not the multibilayer structure had been in contact with an aqueous phase. Before wetting, this frequency was « 75 × 106 s−1; after wetting it was » 75 × 106 s−1.
Divergent Perspectives on Citizenship Education: A Q-Method Study and Survey of Social Studies Teachers

This study explored the views of contemporary social studies teachers on citizenship education. Q-technique was used to discern the principal conceptions held by teachers in two small samples. Minnesota teachers held three perspectives (cultural pluralism, communitarianism, and legalism) and teachers nationally held four perspectives (critical thinking, legalism, cultural pluralism, and assimilationism). Analysis of a large national sample survey of social studies teachers allows us to ascertain the popularity of each perspective generally and the characteristics of teachers who hold each perspective. Implications for citizenship education in a multicultural society are discussed.
Context dependent revocation in delegated XACML

The XACML standard defines an XML based language for defining access control policies and a related processing model. Recent work aims to add delegation to XACML in order to express the right to administrate XACML policies within XACML itself. The delegation profile draft explains how to validate the right to issue a policy, but there are no provisions for removing a policy. This paper proposes a revocation model for delegated XACML. A novel feature of this model is that whether a revocation is valid or not, depends not only on who issued the revocation, but also on the context in which an attempt to use the revoked policy is done.
Thermal transport in phase-change materials from atomistic simulations

We computed the thermal conductivity ($\ensuremath{\kappa}$) of amorphous GeTe by means of classical molecular dynamics and lattice dynamics simulations. GeTe is a phase change material of interest for applications in nonvolatile memories. An interatomic potential with close-to-ab initio accuracy was used as generated by fitting a huge ab initio database with a neural network method. It turns out that the majority of heat carriers are nonpropagating vibrations (diffusons), the small percentage of propagating modes giving a negligible contribution to the total value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. This result is in contrast with the properties of other amorphous semiconductors such as Si for which nonpropagating and propagating vibrations account for about one half of the value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ each. This outcome suggests that the value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ measured for the bulk amorphous phase can be used to model the thermal transport of GeTe and possibly of other materials in the same class also in nanoscaled memory devices. Actually, the contribution from propagating modes, which may endure ballistic transport at the scale of 10\char21{}20 nm, is negligible.
A Sensor System for High-Fidelity Temperature Distribution Forecasting in Data Centers

Data centers have become a critical computing infrastructure in the era of cloud computing. Temperature monitoring and forecasting are essential for preventing server shutdowns because of overheating and improving a data center’s energy efficiency. This article presents a novel cyber-physical approach for temperature forecasting in data centers, one that integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, in situ wireless sensing, and real-time data-driven prediction. To ensure forecasting fidelity, we leverage the realistic physical thermodynamic models of CFD to generate transient temperature distribution and calibrate it using sensor feedback. Both simulated temperature distribution and sensor measurements are then used to train a real-time prediction algorithm. As a result, our approach reduces not only the computational complexity of online temperature modeling and prediction, but also the number of deployed sensors, which enables a portable, noninvasive thermal monitoring solution that does not rely on the infrastructure of a monitored data center. We extensively evaluated the proposed system on a rack of 15 servers and a testbed of five racks and 229 servers in a small-scale production data center. Our results show that our system can predict the temperature evolution of servers with highly dynamic workloads at an average error of 0.52○C, within a duration up to 10 minutes. Moreover, our approach can reduce the required number of sensors by 67% while maintaining desirable prediction fidelity.
Evolving Concept of Small Vessel Disease through Advanced Brain Imaging

Imaging plays a crucial role in studying and understanding cerebral small vessel disease. Several important findings have emerged from recent applications of advanced brain imaging methods. In patients with acute lacunar syndromes, diffusionweighted MRI studies have shown that the diagnostic precision of using clinical features alone or combined with CT scan findings to diagnose small vessel disease as the underlying cause is poor. Followup imaging studies on patients with acute infarcts related to small vessel disease have shown that the infarct may cavitate, merge into white matter disease abnormalities, or become invisible with time. High resolution MRI may demonstrate intracranial atherosclerosis in larger arteries (that may block orifices of penetrating arteries and cause small deep infarcts), but abnormalities in single penetrating arteries cannot as yet be consistently and reliably visualized for use in clinical practice. The epidemiology and risk factors of silent cerebral infarcts have been further delineated. Patterns of new incident silent infarcts appear related to existing white matter disease, suggesting similarities in pathophysiology. Silent deep infarcts causes local cortical atrophy, and can affect connectivity in the brain. Studies on cerebral microbleeds have shown consistent patterns in their effects on prognosis for a large number of outcomes, but the implications of cerebral microbleeds for treatment decisions remain to be established. Cortical microinfarcts represent the latest addition to the spectrum of small vessel disease in the brain, and appears as the most prevalent SVD entity. An important consensus document on neuroimaging standards for small vessel disease has been recently published.
Measuring the Efficacy of Robots in Autism Therapy: How Informative are Standard HRI Metrics?

A significant amount of robotics research over the past decade has shown that many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a strong interest in robots and robot toys, concluding that robots are potential tools for the therapy of individuals with ASD. However, clinicians, who have the authority to approve robots in ASD therapy, are not convinced about the potential of robots. One major reason is that the research in this domain does not have a strong focus on the efficacy of robots. Robots in ASD therapy are end-user oriented technologies, the success of which depends on their demonstrated efficacy in real settings. This paper focuses on measuring the efficacy of robots in ASD therapy and, based on the data from a feasibility study, shows that the human-robot interaction (HRI) metrics commonly used in this research domain might not be sufficient. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.3. 4 [Systems and Software]: [Performance evaluation (efficiency and effectiveness)]; J.4 [Social and Behavioral Sciences]: [Psychology]
Effects of acidity and detergent on in vitro pollen germination and tube growth in forest tree species.

The presence of 1 to 3 mg 1(-1) sodium dodecylbenzensulfonate detergent, or a growth medium pH of 4.0-5.0, inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation more in broad-leaved trees than in conifers. In the broad-leaved species, pollen germination and pollen tube elongation showed similar sensitivities to detergent and acidity, whereas in the conifers, pollen tube elongation was more sensitive than pollen germination to detergent and acidity. Although the germination percentage was low, conifer pollen germinated in the presence of detergent concentrations up to 15 mg l(-1) and at acidities as low as pH 2.5 or 3.0. Pollen germination of most broad-leaved species was completely inhibited in the presence of detergent concentrations of more than 3-5 mg l(-1); the only exceptions were some entomophilous species (e.g., Salix caprea L.) in which the ability of the pollen to germinate in high pollutant concentrations could be related to the presence of tryphyne.
Gender differences in student attitudes toward science: A meta‐analysis of the literature from 1970 to 1991

A meta-analysis covering the literature between 1970 and 1991 was conducted using an approach similar to that suggested by Glass, McGaw, and Smith (1981) and Hedges, Shymansky, and Woodworth (1989). This analysis examined gender differences in student attitudes toward science, and correlations between attitudes toward science and achievement in science. Thirty-one effect sizes and seven correlations representing the testing of 6,753 subjects were found in 18 studies. The mean of the unweighted effect sizes was . 20 (SD = .50) and the mean of the weighted effect size was . 16 (SD = .50), indicating that boys have more positive attitudes toward science than girls. The mean correlation between attitude and achievement was . 50 for boys and . 55 for girls, suggesting that the correlations are comparable. Results of the analysis of gender differences in attitude as a function of science type indicate that boys show a more positive attitude toward science than girls in all types of science. The correlation between attitude and achievement for boys and girls as a function of science type indicates that for biology and physics the correlation is positive for both, but stronger for girls than for boys. Gender differences and correlations between attitude and achievement by gender as a function of publication date show no pattern. The results for the analysis of gender differences as a function of the selectivity of the sample indicate that general level students reflect a greater positive attitude for boys, whereas the high-performance students indicate a greater positive attitude for girls. The correlation between attitude and achievement as a function of selectivity indicates that in all cases a positive attitude results in higher achievement. This is particularly true for low-performance girls. The implications of these finding are discussed and further research suggested.
High speed markerless monocular expression cloning

Expression cloning is essential to motion capture. Currently, most methods to realize the idea require expensive equipment such as Cyberware and lot of manual work. This paper introduces a high speed monocular markerless expression cloning system. In Motion capture module, feature points in actor's face are captured and tracked with computer vision methods. Tracking result of 16 feature points is encouraging after only a few steps of manual work. In the Expression driven model, we well design a template model, then additional models can be loaded without initialization. Only a camera and a common PC is needed in our system, on condition that source video is taken under normal lightning environment, synchronous realistic target animation can be acquired.
Heck and Growth Rates Organizational Property of Schools and Students ' Achievement Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Quality as an

(this article cites 47 articles hosted on the Citations use or unauthorized distribution. Purpose: No Child Left Behind (NCLB) brought attention to the need for states to upgrade the criteria used to certify teachers for entry into the profession. This study focuses on collective teacher qualifications mandated by NCLB and the role they play in explaining differences in school achievement and growth rates. Research Methods: The study examines whether school-level differences in teacher quality are related to student learning in reading and math in a longitudinal cohort consisting of more than 14,000 students nested in a random sample of 197 elementary schools. Findings: First, as a school-level resource, collective teacher quality was positively related to school achievement levels in reading and math. Second, the strength of the relationship was conditional on school demographic composition; for example, the positive relationship in reading was enhanced in school contexts where targeted student subgroups (e.g., low socioeconomic students, students receiving English services) were more highly clustered. Third, collective teacher quality was related to increased student growth rates in math. Fourth, within schools, higher teacher quality was associated with reduced gaps in student learning rates associated with social class and race/ethnicity. Implications: Results are consistent with studies that have found that teacher professional qualifications matter in explaining differences in student achievement. They also suggest other promising avenues through which collective teacher quality influences school effectiveness and equity outcomes. use or unauthorized distribution. At the center of federal policy makers' efforts to improve school achievement in the United States is the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, which represents the most far-reaching federal attempt historically to address failing educational outcomes. Besides its focus on the attainment of adequately yearly progress (AYP) benchmarks, the policy has also brought attention to the need for states to upgrade the professional criteria used to screen new teachers and place them in classrooms, especially in schools serving high percentages of poor students and students of color. Under NCLB, highly qualified teachers are supposed to have degrees in a relevant subject area, hold at least a standard license (excluding provisional, emergency, or temporary licensure), and be able show command of subjects taught (Keller, 2006; Smith, Desimone, & Ueno, 2005) either by passing a content knowledge test or by having majored in the subject in an undergraduate or graduate program. Although most states have increased standards for teacher certification and licensing, …