Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Making Ad Hoc Network Stable, Secured and Energy Efficient

Mobile Ad hoc networking is a challenging task due to the lack of resources in the network as well as the frequent changes in the network topology. Although lots of research has been done on supporting QoS in the Internet and other networks, they are not suitable for mobile Ad hoc networks and still QoS support for such networks remains an open problem. In this paper, a new scheme has been proposed for achieving QoS in terms of packet delivery, multiple connections, better power management and stable routes. It offers quick adaptation to distributed processing, dynamic linking. It also offers low processing overhead and loop freedom at all times. The proposed scheme has been incorporated using AODV protocol and by extensive simulation the performance has been studied, it clearly shows that the proposed scheme performs very well.
Voltage dependence of subthreshold resonance frequency in layer ii of medial entorhinal cortex

The resonance properties of individual neurons in entorhinal cortex (EC) may contribute to their functional properties in awake, behaving rats. Models propose that entorhinal grid cells could arise from shifts in the intrinsic frequency of neurons caused by changes in membrane potential owing to depolarizing input from neurons coding velocity. To test for potential changes in intrinsic frequency, we measured the resonance properties of neurons at different membrane potentials in neurons in medial and lateral EC. In medial entorhinal neurons, the resonant frequency of individual neurons decreased in a linear manner as the membrane potential was depolarized between −70 and −55 mV. At more hyperpolarized membrane potentials, cells asymptotically approached a maximum resonance frequency. Consistent with the previous studies, near resting potential, the cells of the medial EC possessed a decreasing gradient of resonance frequency along the dorsal to ventral axis, and cells of the lateral EC lacked resonant properties, regardless of membrane potential or position along the medial to lateral axis within lateral EC. Application of 10 μM ZD7288, the H‐channel blocker, abolished all resonant properties in MEC cells, and resulted in physiological properties very similar to lateral EC cells. These results on resonant properties show a clear change in frequency response with depolarization that could contribute to the generation of grid cell firing properties in the medial EC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implicit parallel programming in pH

Chapter 1 From Sequential to Implicit Parallel Programming Chapter 2 Functions and Reduction Chapter 3 Types and Type Checking Chapter 4 Rewrite Rules, Reduction Strategies, and Parallelism Chapter 5 Tuples and Algebraic Product Types Chapter 6 Lists and Algebraic Sum Types Chapter 7 Arrays: Fast Indexed Data Structures Chapter 8 Sequencing, Input/Output, and Side Effects Chapter 9 I-structures Chapter 10 M-structures: Mutable Synchronized State Chapter 11 Conclusion Appendix A An Introduction to the for pH
Identification of two de novo mutations in Chinese patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Abstract Background: Mutations in the ABCD1 gene lead to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, a neurodegenerative disorder. Hundreds of hereditary mutations of the gene have been reported in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, but there have been no reports of de novo mutations. Methods: The coding region of ABCD1 cDNA of two patients was amplified and sequenced. To confirm the mutations in the ABCD1 gene of the patients and screen for mutations in their family members, the genomic DNA was analyzed by direct sequencing and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Two missense mutations (C631Y and G512S) were identified in the probands, but the mutations were not found in their parents. Tests for paternity identification excluded the possibility of misparentage. Conclusions: The mutations identified in the two male patients were de novo mutations. Mutation analysis of parents of the proband may be helpful for pregnancy planning and evaluation of the recurrence risk to siblings of the proband. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1702–6.
Efficacy and tolerability of GLP-1 agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an Indian perspective

Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists have been able to address the unmet needs of type 2 diabetes patients across the world. Indian patients with type 2 diabetes have also been able to benefit from effects of GLP-1 analogues to a more or less similar extent compared with patients from other parts of the world. As there is no nationwide data on use of GLP-1 agonists in India, we used the clinical data from different studies and compared them with the global data on GLP-1 analogues. The review is limited to only two approved GLP-1 analogues in India: exenatide and liraglutide. The efficacy of GLP-1 analogues, in terms of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial glucose (PPG), is found to be similar in Indian patients compared with the global data. The other beneficial effects such as weight loss, incidence of hypoglycaemia were found to be on similar lines in the Indian setting. In a single-centre study, liraglutide reduced the dose of antihypertensive medications due to its effect on blood pressure. The gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting were major adverse events, but these were transient and varied from one particular agent to another. Liraglutide is found to be superior in terms of compliance compared with exenatide in the Indian setting. Overall, the GLP-1 analogues have presented a treatment option that gives patient a benefit of glycaemic control, weight loss and very low incidence of hypoglycaemia, but the cost of the therapy presents a major barrier.
Statin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the California Men's Health Study Cohort

Statins have known anticarcinogenic effects, however, evidence for long-term statin use as effective chemoprevention for prostate cancer is inconsistent. We examined the association between statin use and risk of prostate cancer among 69,047 eligible participants in the California Men's Health Study, a prospective cohort of Northern and Southern California Kaiser Permanente (KP) members, ages 45 to 69 years, initiated in 2002. Prostate cancer cases were identified by linkage to the KP California Cancer Registries. Statin exposure, estimated from automated KP outpatient pharmacy records (available since 1991 in Southern California and since 1994 in Northern California), was treated as time-varying and defined as the cumulative days dispensed of any statin from the first dispensing until a prostate cancer diagnosis, radical prostatectomy, termination of membership, or end of study (December 31, 2004). Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time scale were used to estimate rate ratios, while controlling for confounding variables. During follow-up, 888 prostate cancer cases, including 131 advanced cases, were identified. There was no association between ever statin use or <5 years use and prostate cancer. Conversely, ≥5 years use was associated with a 28% lower risk for prostate cancer compared with nonuse (adjusted rate ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.99). This association did not differ markedly for advanced disease. However, the association did seem to be restricted to those who regularly take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Our findings suggest that long-term statin use might be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer but perhaps only among regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug users. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(11):2218–25)
Writing Direction Affects How People Map Space Onto Time

What determines which spatial axis people use to represent time? We investigate effects of writing direction. English, like Mandarin Chinese in mainland China, is written left to right and then top to bottom. But in Taiwan, characters are written predominantly top to bottom and then right to left. Because being a fluent reader–writer entails thousands of hours of experience with eye and hand movement in the direction dictated by one’s writing system, it could be that writing system direction affects the axis used to represent time in terms of space. In a behavioral experiment, we had native speakers of English, Mandarin Chinese from mainland China, and Mandarin Chinese from Taiwan place sets of cards in temporal order. These cards depicted stages of development of plants and animals, for instance: tadpole, froglet, frog. Results showed that English speakers always represented time as moving from left to right (LR). Mainland Chinese participants trended in the same direction, but a small portion laid the cards out from top to bottom. Taiwanese participants were just as likely to depict time as moving from LR as from top to bottom, with a large minority depicting it as moving from right to left. Native writing system affects how people represent time spatially.
Participatory Action Research: Practical Strategies for Actively Engaging and Maintaining Participation in Immigrant and Refugee Communities

In this research we examined the processes involved in implementing and maintaining a participatory action research (PAR) project by uncovering how theoretical PAR tenets hold up in the reality of a community-based project addressing immigrants’ and refugees’ mental health needs. Qualitative data from focus groups with these newcomers were analyzed for thematic content. Findings reveal that active participation is seen as the gateway into a PAR project, whereas knowledge attainment and empowerment are the stimuli for continued participation. The data also suggest that newcomers’ motivations to participate in a PAR-oriented project might vary across ethno-cultural groups. Practitioners working in community-based initiatives would do well to appeal to the diversity of motivational factors, while endorsing individual and group strengths.
Support and monitoring trajectory paths for vehicles using mobile devices

Currently artificial intelligence combined with computer vision has helped in performing daily activities, the current tendency of semi-autonomous vehicles assisted by artificial intelligence and computer vision has created a new field of image processing research. The image processing to support autonomous route tracking systems they have been tested in controlled media. In this investigation we perform the implementation of a system of guide and trajectory tracking in real scenarios (not controlled media) as road and city streets. Propose a new method for detecting lines as the Hough transform, in a simple and efficient for the detection of lane on a mobile manner. With the above determined whether or not the vehicle conserves his lane by opening angles of triangles detected with the mobile camera, to support and assist the driver. The methodology is tested to determine its performance qualitatively and quantitatively.
Dynamic Programming: An overview

Intuitively, the approach of dynamic programming can be understood by recalling the theme of indirect utility from basic static consumer theory or a reduced form profit function generated by the optimization of a firm. This reduced form representations of payoffs summarizes information about the optimized value of the choice problems faced by households and firms. As we shall see, the theory of dynamic programming uses this insight in a dynamic context.
Surgical Optimization of a Compromised Defect in the Esthetic Zone: A Case Report

Restoration of function and esthetic in anterior region of mouth exhibits great challenges to clinicians. Placement of implant in esthetic zone requires extremely careful planning of various phases of treatment to maximize the results. In this case, we demonstrated in detail step by step approach of using autogenous block graft which is also considered as gold standard of augmentation of bone at defective site. Soft and hard tissue augmentation, ideal implant positioning and perfect temporization are hallmarks of achieving maximally desirable esthetics and restoration of normal functioning of occlusion.
Network reliability evaluation for fuzzy components: An interval programming approach

The probabilistic reliability estimation of complex system is complicated due to uncertainty of failure data, modeling or human failure. In this paper, reliability of components of complex network system is considered as fuzzy in nature to reduce the uncertainty. Trapezoidal fuzzy number is used to represent component’s reliability of network system. Then the reliability of the network system is assembled with fuzzy reliability of components and evaluated by Zadeh’s extension principle. Fuzzy reliability of the network system becomes an interval by -cuts operation. Interval nonlinear programming is used to evaluate the optimum network’s system reliability with interval valued cost constraint. The above approach is explained in details through a numerical example of very useful power system network of electrical engineering.
The first wave of B lymphopoiesis develops independently of stem cells in the murine embryo

In the developing mouse embryo, there are several waves of hematopoiesis. Primitive and definitive erythromyeloid lineages appear prior to hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) emergence, and these waves are considered to be transient and support embryonic homeostasis until HSC‐derived hematopoiesis is established. However, recent evidence strongly suggests that HSC‐independent immune cells, such as tissue macrophages and some innate lymphoid cells, develop in the mouse embryo and persist into postnatal life. Innate type B‐1 cells have also been reported to emerge from hemogenic endothelial cells in the extraembryonic yolk sac and para‐aortic splanchnopleura, and continue to develop in the fetal liver, even in HSC‐deficient mouse embryos. Here, this review discusses B‐1 cell development in the context of the layered immune system hypothesis of B lymphopoiesis and the emergence of B‐1 cells independent of HSCs.
Fronto-temporal Interactions during Overt Verbal Initiation and Suppression

The Hayling Sentence Completion Task (HSCT) is known to activate left hemisphere frontal and temporal language regions. However, the effective connectivity between frontal and temporal language regions associated with the task has yet to be examined. The aims of the study were to examine activation and effective connectivity during the HSCT using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm in which participants made overt verbal responses. We predicted that producing an incongruent response (response suppression), compared to a congruent one (response initiation), would be associated with greater activation in the left prefrontal cortex and an increase in the effective connectivity between temporal and frontal regions. Fifteen participants were scanned while completing 80 sentence stems. The congruency and constraint of sentences varied across trials. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) and Bayesian Model Selection (BMS) were used to compare a set of alternative DCMs of fronto-temporal connectivity. The HSCT activated regions in the left temporal and prefrontal cortices, and the cuneus. Response suppression was associated with greater activation in the left middle and orbital frontal gyri and the bilateral precuneus than response initiation. Left middle temporal and frontal regions identified by the conventional fMRI analyses were entered into the DCM analysis. Using a systematic BMS procedure, the optimal DCM showed that the connection from the left middle temporal gyrus, which was driven by verbal stimuli per se, was significantly increased in strength during response suppression compared to initiation. Greater effective connectivity between left temporal and prefrontal regions during response suppression may reflect the transfer of information from posterior temporal regions where semantic and lexical information is stored to prefrontal regions where it is manipulated in preparation for an appropriate response.
Voluntary Timing and Brain Function: An Information Processing Approach

This article takes an information processing perspective to review current understanding of brain mechanisms of human voluntary timing. Theoretical accounts of timing of the production of isochronous tapping and rhythms and of bimanual responding repetitive responding are reviewed. The mapping of higher level temporal parameter setting and memory processes and of lower level motor implementation process onto cortical and subcortical brain structures is discussed in relation to evidence from selective lesions in a range of neurological motor disorders. Brain activation studies that have helped identify key brain structures involved in the control of timing are reviewed.
Density-functional theory of the magnetic anisotropy of nanostructures: an assessment of different approximations

We discuss the multiple technical choices that have to be made in ab initio density-functional calculations of the magnetic anisotropy of supported nanostructures: (i) choice of the exchange–correlation functional, (ii) degree of optimization of the geometry of the adsorbate/substrate complex, (iii) magnetic anisotropy energy calculated self-consistently or via the ‘force theorem’, (iv) calculations based on slab models of the substrate or using a Green’s function describing a semi-infinite substrate, (v) full potential approach or atomic-sphere approximation. Using isolated Fe and Co atoms on Pt(111) as an example we demonstrate that by using a judicious combination of relatively crude approximations (complete neglect of structural relaxation, local exchange–correlation functional,.) seemingly good agreement with experimental anisotropy energies can be achieved, while the calculated orbital moments remain small. At a higher level of theory (relaxed adsorbate/substrate complex, gradient-corrected functionals,.) providing a realistic geometry of the adsorbate/substrate complex and hence a correct description of the interaction between the magnetic adatom and its ligands, anisotropy energies are also in semi-quantitative agreement with experiment, while the orbital moments of the adatoms are much too small. We suggest that the anisotropy energies provided by both approaches should be considered as lower limits of the real anisotropies. Without relaxation the ligand effect coupling the orbital moments of the adatom to the heavy atoms of the substrate is underestimated, while in a relaxed adsorbate/substrate complex the lack of orbital dependence of the exchange potential combined with a strong hybridization of adatom and substrate states leads to a strong underestimation of the orbital moment. We have briefly explored the influence of post-density-functional corrections. Adding a modest on-site Coulomb repulsion to the d states of the adatom (in a DFT+U approach) leads to a modest increase of spin and orbital moments of the adatom accompanied by a slow decrease of the induced moments, leaving the anisotropy energy almost unchanged.
Field-Control, Phase-Transitions, and Life’s Emergence

Instances of critical-like characteristics in living systems at each organizational level (bio-molecules to ecosystems) as well as the spontaneous emergence of computation (Langton), do suggest the relevance of self-organized criticality (SOC). But extrapolating complex bio-systems to life’s origins, brings up a paradox: how could simple organics – lacking the “soft-matter” response properties of today’s complex bio-molecules – have dissipated energy from primordial reactions (eventually reducing CO2) in a controlled manner for their “ordering”? Nevertheless, a causal link of life’s macroscopic irreversible dynamics to the microscopic reversible laws of statistical mechanics is indicated via the “functional-takeover” of a soft magnetic scaffold by organics (c.f. Cairns-Smith’s “crystal-scaffold”). A field-controlled structure offers a mechanism for boot-strapping – bottom-up assembly with top-down control: its super-paramagnetic colloidal components obey reversible dynamics, but its dissipation of magnetic (H)-field energy for aggregation breaks time-reversal symmetry. The responsive adjustments of the controlled (host) mineral system to environmental changes would bring about mutual coupling between random organic sets supported by it; here the generation of long-range correlations within organic (guest) networks could include SOC-like mechanisms. And, such cooperative adjustments enable the selection of the functional configuration by altering the inorganic dipolar network’s capacity to assist a spontaneous process. A non-equilibrium dynamics could now drive the kinetically oriented system (trimming the phase-space via sterically coupled organics) toward a series of phase-transitions with appropriate organic replacements “taking-over” its functions. Where available, experiments are cited in support of these speculations and for designing appropriate tests.
Photon upconversion heterostructures made from surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks

Diese Arbeit behandelt den Prozess der Photonen-Hochkonversion in oberflachengebundenen metal-organischen Gerusten. Bei der Hochkonversion werden zwei niederenergetische Photonen absorbiert und zu einem hoherenergetischen Photon verschmolzen, welches emitiert wird. In dieser Arbeit wird dieser Vorgang in oberflachengebundenen metal-organischen Gerusten mittels spektroskopischer Methoden analysiert. Weiterhin wird die Anwendung fur die Effizienzsteigerung von Solarzellen diskutiert.
Biodegradability of Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Materials

Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), which is produced from renewable carbon resources by many microorganisms, is an environmentally compatible polymeric material and can be processed into films and fibers. Biodegradation of PHA material occurs due to the action of extracellular PHA depolymerase secreted from microorganisms in various natural environments. A key step in determining the overall enzymatic or environmental degradation rate of PHA material is the degradation of PHA lamellar crystals in materials; hence, the degradation mechanism of PHA lamellar crystals has been studied in detail over the last two decades. In this review, the relationship between crystal structure and enzymatic degradation behavior, in particular degradation rates, of films and fibers for PHA is described.
A Simple and Generic Construction of Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data

We revisit the problem of constructing a protocol for performing Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD). A technique is described which combines a collision-resistant hash function with a protocol for Authenticated Encryption (AE). The technique is both simple and generic and does not require any additional key material beyond that of the AE protocol. Concrete instantiations are shown where a 256-bit hash function is combined with some known single-pass AE protocols employing either 128-bit or 256-bit block ciphers. This results in possible efficiency improvement in the processing of the header.
Implementation of a PC-based Robot Controller with Open Architecture

The demand for increased capability and flexibility has led to a dramatic increase in the use of controllers based on open architecture. Knowledge from past research on open architecture system indicates that a component-based philosophy should be the solution. In this paper, a PC-based open architecture robot control system is presented and the technologies related to component-ware are investigated. By assembling controller from off-the-shell hardware and software components, the benefits of reduced cost and improved robustness have been realized. CORBA is exploited in software development to ensure the extensibility, scalability and portability of the software. Finally, by applying to the Movemaster-EX robot, the performance of the system is evaluated. Keywords-CORBA; open architecture;PC-based controller; robotics