Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributive rainfall / runoff modelling to determine runoff to baseflow 1 proportioning and its impact on the determination of the ecological reserve 2 3

14 River systems that support high biodiversity profiles are conservation priorities world-wide. 15 Understanding river eco-system thresholds to low flow conditions is important for the 16 conservation of these systems. While climatic variations are likely to impact the streamflow 17 variability of many river courses into the future, understanding specific river flow dynamics 18 with regard to streamflow variability and aquifer baseflow contributions are central to the 19 implementation of protection strategies. While streamflow is a measurable quantity, baseflow 20 has to be estimated or calculated through the incorporation of hydrogeological variables. In 21 this study, the groundwater components within the J2000 rainfall/runoff model were distributed 22 to provide daily baseflow and streamflow estimates needed for ecological reserve 23 determination. The modelling approach was applied to the RAMSAR-listed Verlorenvlei 24 Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. , https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2018-459 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discussion started: 21 September 2018 c © Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.
Financial Development and Growth in the Short and Long Run

We analyze the relationship between financial development and inter-industry resource allocation in the short- and long-run. We suggest that in the long-run, economies with high rates of financial development will devote relatively more resources to industries with a &apos;natural&apos; reliance on outside finance due to a comparative advantage in these industries. By contrast, in the short-run we argue that financial development facilitates the reallocation of resources to industries with good growth opportunities, regardless of their reliance on outside finance. To test these predictions, we use a measure of industry-level &apos;technological&apos; financial dependence based on the earlier work of Rajan and Zingales (1998), and develop new proxies for shocks to (short run) industry growth opportunities. We find differential effects of these measures on industry growth and composition in countries with different levels of financial development. We obtain results that are consistent with financially developed economies specializing in &apos;financially dependent&apos; industries in the long-run, and allocating resources to industries with high growth opportunities in the short-run.
Safety Evaluation in Iterative Development of Wearable Sensors for Aripiprazole Tablets with Sensor: Pooled Analysis of Clinical Trials

Background: Wearable sensors in digital health help facilitate real-time, point-of-care monitoring. However, wearable sensors may pose a risk for skin irritation through the use of adhesive patches. Little is known about how patient-and product-related factors impact the risk of skin irritation. Aripiprazole tablets with sensor (AS, Abilify MyCite®) is a digital medicine system indicated for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and major depressive disorder. AS includes aripiprazole tablets with an embedded ingestible event marker, a wearable sensor attached to the skin through an adhesive patch, a smartphone app, and a web-based portal. To continuously improve the final product, successive iterations of sensor patches were developed, including RP4, which was replaced by DW5, followed by RW2. Objective: This analysis pooled safety data of clinical studies in adult participants using the RP4, DW5, and RW2 patches of AS and evaluated adverse events related to patch wear. Methods: We analyzed safety data from 6 long-term and 6 short-term studies in adults aged 18–65 years from May 2010 to August 2020. All studies evaluated safety, with short-term studies also specifically examining human factors associated with use of the components of AS. Healthy volunteers or patients with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, or major depressive disorder were enrolled; those who received ? 1 exposure to
Title: Frontal and occipito-temporal Theta activity as marker of error monitoring in Human- Avatar joint performance. Abbreviated title: Theta responses to unexpected partner's actions

Discrepancies between sensory predictions and action outcome are at the base of error coding. However, these phenomena have mainly been studied focusing on individual performance. Here, we explored prediction errors during a human-avatar motor interaction and focused on both the classical frontal error-related brain responses and the activity of the action observation network. Our motor interaction paradigm required healthy individuals to synchronize their reach-to-grasp movements with those of a virtual partner in conditions that did (Interactive) or did not require (Cued) movement prediction and adaptation to the partner’s actions. Crucially, in 30% of the trials the virtual partner suddenly and unpredictably changed its movement trajectory thereby violating the human participant’s expectation. These changes elicited error-related neuromarkers (ERN/Pe Theta/Alpha modulations) over fronto-central electrodes mainly during the Interactive condition. Source localization and connectivity analyses showed that the frontal Theta activity induced by violations of the expected interactive movements was in phase with occipito-temporal Theta activity. These results expand current knowledge about the neural correlates of on-line motor interactions linking the frontal error-monitoring system to visual, body motion-related, responses.
Min-max model predictive control of nonlinear systems : A unifying overview on stability

Min-Max model predictive control (MPC) is one of the techniques capable of robustly stabilize uncertain nonlinear systems subject to constraints. Stability issues as well as robustness have been recently studied and some novel contributions on this topic have appeared in the literature. In this review, we distill from an extensive literature a general framework for synthesizing min-max MPC schemes with an a priori robust stability guarantee. First, we introduce a general prediction model that covers a wide class of uncertainty modeling that includes bounded disturbances as well as state dependent disturbances (uncertainties). Then, extending the regional Input-to-State Stability (ISS) tool in order to fit with this class of uncertainties, we discuss that the standard min-max approach can only guarantee practical stability. This is due to the choice of the stage cost. We concentrate our attention on two different solutions avoiding this problem. The first one is based on a particular design of the stage cost of the performance index leading to H∞ strategy while the second one is based on a dual-mode strategy. Under fairly assumptions both controllers guarantee Input-to-State Stability. Moreover, a nonlinear auxiliary control law is proposed for the nonlinear input affine system case. It is shown that the auxiliary control law and the terminal penalty can be derived by the solution of the discrete-time H∞ algebraic Riccati equation for the linearized system. A simulation example is reported.
SeeCoast: persistent surveillance and automated scene understanding for ports and coastal areas

SeeCoast is a prototype US Coast Guard port and coastal area surveillance system that aims to reduce operator workload while maintaining optimal domain awareness by shifting their focus from having to detect events to being able to analyze and act upon the knowledge derived from automatically detected anomalous activities. The automated scene understanding capability provided by the baseline SeeCoast system (as currently installed at the Joint Harbor Operations Center at Hampton Roads, VA) results from the integration of several components. Machine vision technology processes the real-time video streams provided by USCG cameras to generate vessel track and classification (based on vessel length) information. A multi-INT fusion component generates a single, coherent track picture by combining information available from the video processor with that from surface surveillance radars and AIS reports. Based on this track picture, vessel activity is analyzed by SeeCoast to detect user-defined unsafe, illegal, and threatening vessel activities using a rule-based pattern recognizer and to detect anomalous vessel activities on the basis of automatically learned behavior normalcy models. Operators can optionally guide the learning system in the form of examples and counter-examples of activities of interest, and refine the performance of the learning system by confirming alerts or indicating examples of false alarms. The fused track picture also provides a basis for automated control and tasking of cameras to detect vessels in motion. Real-time visualization combining the products of all SeeCoast components in a common operating picture is provided by a thin web-based client.
From a blind truncheon to a one-eyed stick : testing in the lab an optional target-based mechanism adapted to groundwater withdrawals

This paper proposes an optional target-based mechanism to improve the management of groundwater withdrawals when farmers’ behavior is imperfectly monitored. It combines a classical ambient tax (a blind truncheon), paid by the group of farmers when the water table level falls below a pre-defined target, with an optional individual contract that enables signatory farmers to signal their withdrawals and to avoid the collective sanction if they comply with an individual quota (a one-eyed stick). This mechanism is expected to be more acceptable than the ambient tax and to help reduce information asymmetries between the regulator and farmers. It is tested experimentally in the lab with a contextualized protocol. First results show that such mechanism reduces withdrawals but that subjects are able to coordinate in a repeated setting to extract an informational rent.
Standardizing and Optimizing the Use of Accelerometer Data for Free-Living Physical Activity Monitoring

The unequivocal link between physical activity and health has prompted researchers and public health officials to search for valid, reliable, and logistically feasible tools to measure and quantify free-living physical activity. Accelerometers hold promise in this regard. Recent technological advances have led to decreases in both the size and cost of accelerometers while increasing functionality (e.g., greater memory, waterproofing). A lack of common data reduction and standardized reporting procedures dramatically limit their potential, however. The purpose of this article is to expand on the utility of accelerometers for measuring free-living physical activity. A detailed example profile of physical activity is presented to highlight the potential richness of accelerometer data. Specific recommendations for optimizing and standardizing the use of accelerometer data are provided with support from specific examples. This descriptive article is intended to advance and ignite scholarly dialogue and debate .
Diagnostic challenges and prognostic implications of extranodal extension in head and neck cancer: a state of the art review and gap analysis

Extranodal extension (ENE) is a pattern of cancer growth from within the lymph node (LN) outward into perinodal tissues, critically defined by disruption and penetration of the tumor through the entire thickness of the LN capsule. The presence of ENE is often associated with an aggressive cancer phenotype in various malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In HNSCC, ENE is associated with increased risk of distant metastasis and lower rates of locoregional control. ENE detected on histopathology (pathologic ENE; pENE) is now incorporated as a risk-stratification factor in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC in the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM classification. Although ENE was first described almost a century ago, several issues remain unresolved, including lack of consensus on definitions, terminology, and widely accepted assessment criteria and grading systems for both pENE and ENE detected on radiological imaging (imaging-detected ENE; iENE). Moreover, there is conflicting data on the prognostic significance of iENE and pENE, particularly in the context of HPV-associated HNSCC. Herein, we review the existing literature on ENE in HNSCC, highlighting areas of controversy and identifying critical gaps requiring concerted research efforts.
Seawater intrusion policy analysis with a numerical spatially heterogeneous dynamic optimization model

For more than 50 years, Monterey County and California State officials have pursued without success water policies to halt groundwater overdraft and seawater intrusion in the multilayer confined aquifers underlying arguably the most productive farmland in the United States. This study develops a general dynamic optimization model that emphasizes the institutional and physical characteristics that differentiate this policy problem from other groundwater extraction problems. The solution of the model exhibits heterogeneous spatial distribution of optimal extraction based on spatially distributed extraction cost, pumping cost externality, and seawater intrusion stock externality. Comparison of model results under alternative management regimes elucidates landowner economic incentives, reveals the potential welfare loss of current state policy, and explains much of the history of the political economy of water in Monterey County.
Earthquake recurrence models fail when earthquakes fail to reset the stress field

Parkfield's regularly occurring M6 mainshocks, about every 25 years, have over two decades stoked seismologists' hopes to successfully predict an earthquake of significant size. However, with the longest known inter‐event time of 38 years, the latest M6 in the series (28 Sep 2004) did not conform to any of the applied forecast models, questioning once more the predictability of earthquakes in general. Our study investigates the spatial pattern of b‐values along the Parkfield segment through the seismic cycle and documents a stably stressed structure. The forecasted rate of M6 earthquakes based on Parkfield's microseismicity b‐values corresponds well to observed rates. We interpret the observed b‐value stability in terms of the evolution of the stress field in that area: the M6 Parkfield earthquakes do not fully unload the stress on the fault, explaining why time recurrent models fail. We present the 1989 M6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake as counter example, which did release a significant portion of the stress along its fault segment and yields a substantial change in b‐values.
The circulation of Ghlin flint during the time of the Blicquy - Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture (Early Neolithic)

In the North of France and Belgium, the Blicquy - Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture marks the end of the Early Neolithic Period (beginning of the 5th millennium). The Blicquy group is constituted of eleven sites located in Belgium, with two main centers of occupation: one Western in Hainaut and one Eastern in Hesbaye, 100 km away from the first. As part of a PhD, the lithic industry of these sites is studied in order to reconstruct the circulation networks through a techno-economic analysis. It has been complex to identify the raw materials, given the lack of information about the siliceous outcrops in the Mons Basin. However, two main circulation networks have been highlighted: one of Ghlin flint and one of tertiary Bartonian flint. These two types of flint are indeed easily recognizable by their macroscopic characteristics. The outcrops of tertiary Bartonian flints originate from the Paris Basin, where systematic surveys have been conducted since the late 1980s. The circulation of tertiary Bartonian flint is now well-known and emblematic of the Blicquy - Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture. Therefore, this paper will focus on the circulation of Ghlin flint in the Blicquy-Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture. The Ghlin flint shows on the surface in the Mons Basin, about twenty kilometers away from the Hainaut sites. Heavily exploited in the latter, it was exported to the Hesbaye sites in a significant way, despite the availability of siliceous resources available in Hesbaye. Moreover, some artifacts circulated towards the Paris Basin. The study of the circulation of Ghlin flint can therefore help to determine the socio-economic organization of these populations by specifying the linkages between the population centers of Hainaut, Hesbaye and Paris Basin.
Practical Manœuvres to Avoid Collision at Sea

The problem of avoiding collisions at sea, particularly in restricted visibility, is not likely to have one simple solution. Indeed there are three main areas which need separate consideration because of their different requirements. First, in rivers and estuaries, port approaches and narrow passages traffic is rigidly confined. Second, in waters adjacent to coastlines and in some other areas dense traffic has limited space in which to manœuvre. Third, in the open sea there are fewer encounters and unlimited manœuvring space. It seems probable that the best solution to the first of these problems will be found in shore surveillance of the traffic and regulation of the traffic flow by a licensed authority. Prescribed routes with perhaps speed limits and policing may solve the second, but only ratification of an internationally accepted rule of behaviour will satisfy the third requirement. This paper proposes to develop a set of manœuvres which may be applied as a rule which will be accepted as a possible solution to the third requirement.
A MESH-LESS, RAY-BASED DEEP NEURAL NETWORK METHOD FOR THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION WITH HIGH FREQUENCY

This article introduces a mesh-less, ray-based deep neural network method to solve the Helmholtz equation with high frequency. This method does not use an adaptive mesh re(cid:12)nement method, nor does it design a numerical scheme using some specially designed basis function to calculate the numerical solution, but it has the advantages of easy implementation and no mesh. We have carried out various numerical examples to prove the accuracy and e(cid:14)ciency of the proposed numerical method.
Geochemical weathering at the bed of Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland—a new model

Waters were sampled from 17 boreholes at Haut Glacier d'Arolla during the 1993 and 1994 ablation seasons. Three types of concentrated subglacial water were identified, based on the relative proportions of Ca2+, HCO3− and SO42− to Si. Type A waters are the most solute rich and have the lowest relative proportion of Si. They are believed to form in hydrologically inefficient areas of a distributed drainage system. Most solute is obtained from coupled sulphide oxidation and carbonate dissolution (SO–CD). It is possible that there is a subglacial source of O2, perhaps from gas bubbles released during regelation, because the high SO42− levels found (up to 1200 µeq/L) are greater than could be achieved if sulphides are oxidized by oxygen in saturated water at 0 °C (c.414 µeq/L). A more likely alternative is that sulphide is oxidized by Fe3+ in anoxic environments. If this is the case, exchange reactions involving FeIII and FeII from silicates are possible. These have the potential to generate relatively high concentrations of HCO3− with respect to SO42−. Formation of secondary weathering products, such as clays, may explain the low Si concentrations of Type A waters. Type B waters were the most frequently sampled subglacial water. They are believed to be representative of waters flowing in more efficient parts of a distributed drainage system. Residence time and reaction kinetics help determine the solute composition of these waters. The initial water–rock reactions are carbonate and silicate hydrolysis, and there is exchange of divalent cations from solution for monovalent cations held on surface exchange sites. Hydrolysis is followed by SO–CD. The SO42− concentrations usually are <414 µeq/L, although some range up to 580 µeq/L, which suggests that elements of the distributed drainage system may become anoxic. Type C waters were the most dilute, yet they were very turbid. Their chemical composition is characterized by low SO42− : HCO3− ratios and high pH. Type C waters were usually artefacts of the borehole chemical weathering environment. True Type C waters are believed to flow through sulphide‐poor basal debris, particularly in the channel marginal zone. The composition of bulk runoff was most similar to diluted Type B waters at high discharge, and was similar to a mixture of Type B and C waters at lower discharge. These observations suggest that some supraglacial meltwaters input to the bed are stored temporarily in the channel marginal zone during rising discharge and are released during declining flow.
Analysis and design of full-order flux observers for sensorless induction motors

This paper deals with the flux estimation for sensorless induction motor drives. The linearized model of the speed-adaptive full-order flux observer is applied to help choosing the observer gain and the speed-adaptation gains. It is shown that the linearized model reveals potential instability problems that are difficult to find by other means. An observer gain and a method to vary the speed-adaptation gains in the field-weakening region are proposed. Experimental results show stable operation in a very wide speed range.
Seasonal variability of soil structure and soil hydraulic properties.

The study is focused on the assessment of the seasonal changes of soil structure, aggregate stability and hydraulic properties with respect to varying soil physical and chemical properties, soil management and climatic conditions. Seasonal variability of soil properties measured in surface horizons of three soil types (Haplic Cambisol, Greyic Phaeozem, Haplic Luvisol) was studied in years 2007 and 2008. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were taken every month to evaluate actual field soil-water content, saturated soilwater content, bulk density, porosity, pH H2O and pH KCl , humus content and organic matter quality expressed as A400/A600, aggregate stability using WSA index, and the soil hydraulic properties. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for h= -20 mm was measured directly in the field using the minidisk tension infiltrometer. In addition, micromorphological features of soil aggregates were studied in thin soil sections that were made from undisturbed large soil aggregates. Results show that the soil properties varied within the time. Aggregate stability and values of the soil properties were influenced by the climatic factors, biological activity, growth of plant roots and soil management. Values of pH slightly varied within both years at all localities. Organic matter content, organic matter quality and aggregate stability varied significantly during the first year. However, variability of those properties was considerably lower during the second year at all localities. Porosity and soil hydraulic properties were also more variable during the first year than during the second year.
Improvement of Stochastic Competitive Learning for Social Network

: As an unsupervised learning method, stochastic competitive learning is commonly used for community detection in social network analysis. Compared with the traditional community detection algorithms, it has the advantage of realizing the time-series community detection by simulating the community formation process. In order to improve the accuracy and solve the problem that several parameters in stochastic competitive learning need to be pre-set, the author improves the algorithms and realizes improved stochastic competitive learning by particle position initialization, parameter optimization and particle domination ability self-adaptive. The experiment result shows that each improved method improves the accuracy of the algorithm, and the F1 score of the improved algorithm is 9.07% higher than that of original algorithm.