Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A neural network model for constructing endophenotypes of common complex diseases: an application to male young-onset hypertension microarray data

Motivation: Identification of disease-related genes using high-throughput microarray data is more difficult for complex diseases as compared with monogenic ones. We hypothesized that an endophenotype derived from transcriptional data is associated with a set of genes corresponding to a pathway cluster. We assumed that a complex disease is associated with multiple endophenotypes and can be induced by their up/downregulated gene expression patterns. Thus, a neural network model was adopted to simulate the gene–endophenotype–disease relationship in which endophenotypes were represented by hidden nodes. Results: We successfully constructed a three-endophenotype model for Taiwanese hypertensive males with high identification accuracy. Of the three endophenotypes, one is strongly protective, another is weakly protective and the third is highly correlated with developing young-onset male hypertension. Sixteen of the involved 101 genes were highly and consistently influential to the endophenotypes. Identification of SLC4A5, SLC5A10 and LDOC1 indicated that sodium/bicarbonate transport, sodium/glucose transport and cell-proliferation regulation may play important upstream roles and identification of BNIP1, APOBEC3F and LDOC1 suggested that apoptosis, innate immune response and cell-proliferation regulation may play important downstream roles in hypertension. The involved genes not only provide insights into the mechanism of hypertension but should also be considered in future gene mapping endeavors. Availability: Microarray data and test program are available at http://ms.iis.sinica.edu.tw/microarray/index.htm Contact: pan@ibms.sinica.edu.tw or hsu@iis.sinica.edu.tw Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Combination of features from skin pattern and ABCD analysis for lesion classification

Background/Purpose: It is known that the standard features for lesion classification are ABCD features, that is, asymmetry, border irregularity, colour variegation and diameter of lesion. However, the observation that skin patterning tends to be disrupted by malignant but not by benign skin lesions suggests that measurements of skin pattern disruption on simply captured white light optical skin images could be a useful contribution to a diagnostic feature set. Previous work using both skin line direction and intensity for lesion classification was encouraging. But these features have not been combined with the ABCD features. This paper explores the possibility of combing features from skin pattern and ABCD analysis to enhance classification performance.
EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİN AKADEMİK ERTELEME DAVRANIŞLARI İLE SOSYAL MEDYA BAĞIMLILIĞI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN FARKLI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

This research was conducted to examine the relationship between academic procrastination behaviors and social media dependency of university students and this it is conducted with relational scaning model. Universe constitutes the teacher candidates who are studying in different departments at Ağrı İbrahim Chechen University Faculty of Education In the 2016-2017 academic year. The "Social Media Dependency Scale" developed by Tutgun, Ünal and Deniz (2015) was used to measure the socio-demographic characteristics, media usage patterns and social media dependencies of the prospective teachers in the research and "Academic Postponement Scale" developed by Çakıcı (2003) was used to examine the academic behavior cases. The "Social Dependency Scale" is a 5-point likert type scale and consists of 4 sub-dimensions and 41 items. The internal consistency coefficient is 0.967. The "Academic Postponement Scale" is a likert type scale with 5 items and consists of 19 items and the internal consistency coefficient is 0.92. According to the findings obtained from the research; Women are more engaged with social media than men, class is a factor affecting conflict, and as the class progresses, conflict in the social media is diminishing, there is no meaningful difference according to the family income status variable of the academic postponement level. The difference between the social media dependence level of the teacher candidates and the educational attainment level of the academic attitude is not significant compared to the educational attainment variable of the parents. Those who have membership in social media are more engaged with social media. The duration of social site usage is a factor affecting occupation and as the duration of social site usage increases, occupation with social media is increasing, the frequency of use of social sites is a factor affecting occupation and as the usage frequency of social sites increases, occupation with social media increases. the difference between the level of academic postponement and the time spent on social site use is not significant, there was a significant positive correlation between Eğitim Fakültesi Öğrencilerin Akademik Erteleme Davranışları ile Sosyal Medya. 627 Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 12/33 Occupation, Emotional Situation, Repetition and Conflict, and Academic Postponement scores.
High efficiency battery converter with SiC devices for residential PV systems

The demand for high efficiency and higher power density is a challenge for Si-based semiconductors due to the physical characteristics of material. These can be overcome by employing wide-band-gap materials like SiC. This paper compares a second generator SiC MOSFETs against a normally-on Trench JFETs and theirs performances in a high efficiency battery converter for residential photovoltaic systems. The prototypes are 3 kW converters with more than 98% efficiency and high simplicity and power density.
Opinion Extraction based on Syntactic Pieces

This paper addresses a task of opinion extraction from given documents and its positive/negative classification. We propose a sentence classification method using a notion of syntactic piece. Syntactic piece is a minimum unit of structure, and is used as an alternative processing unit of n-gram and whole tree structure. We compute its semantic orientation, and classify opinion sentences into positive or negative. We have conducted an experiment on more than 5000 opinion sentences of multiple domains, and have proven that our approach attains high performance at 91% precision.
PHY-CRAM: Physical Layer Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism for Wireless Networks

Exploiting the unique properties of the physical layer to enhance or complement authentication strength in wireless networks has attracted a lot of research attention recently. In this paper, we propose a novel PHYsical layer Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism (PHY-CRAM) for wireless networks. PHY-CRAM is suitable for both one-way and mutual authentication. It fully utilizes the randomness, reciprocal, and location decorrelation features of the wireless fading channel, and is immune to various passive and active attacks. In the authentication procedure, challenge-response signals are exchanged at the physical layer, which allow two devices to verify their shared secrets while not revealing these secrets to attackers. PHY-CRAM adopts orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique which separately modulates the higher layer information and shared keys on subcarriers' phases and amplitudes respectively, in order to prevent channel probing from traffic-related information. We conduct extensive simulation study and develop a prototype using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and discrete radio frequency (RF) components to evaluate PHY-CRAM in real-world environments. It shows that PHY-CRAM achieves both high successful authentication rate and low false acceptance rate in various channel conditions and under various attacks.
Exploiting Structure Recurrence in XML Processing

Transmitting, parsing, and transforming XML documents (and messages) are particularly costly in cellular environments because of the limitations in handset and access network capabilities. A big part of XML processing cost is caused by the processing of the structure of the documents. By structure we refer to the entity resulted from an XML document after removing the text nodes and attribute values of the document. While XML is a flexible, extensible language, real-world data exchanged in XML often exhibit some degree of stability in its organization. In other words, a computer receiving an XML data item of certain structure is likely to encounter the same structure among future data items. Since most structure-related processing is identical for data items with identical structure, it is thus evident that the overall performance of XML processing will improve if redundancy in structure related processing can be reduced. In this paper we present the concept of structure encoding and the approaches to quickly identifying recurring structures, including one relying on collision-resistant hash function. The paper then describes in detail techniques to improving the performance of XML transmission, tokenization, parsing, and transformation by using structure encoding. Evaluation experiments with our prototype implementation and industry benchmark suite demonstrate huge performance improvement potential in the presence of structure recurrence: up to 7 times faster for DOM-style parsing, up to 38 times faster for transformation, and up to 97.4% in size reduction when 20% of the text and attribute values change. In the worst case when there is no structure recurrence, structure encoding causes an overhead of about 11.1% for DOM-style parsing and about 8.9% for transformation.
Speech Translation by Confusion Network Decoding

This paper describes advances in the use of confusion networks as interface between automatic speech recognition and machine translation. In particular, it presents an implementation of a confusion network decoder which significantly improves both in efficiency and performance previous work along this direction. The confusion network decoder results as an extension of a state-of-the-art phrase-based text translation system. Experimental results in terms of decoding speed and translation accuracy are reported on a real-data task, namely the translation of plenary speeches at the European Parliament from Spanish to English.
Geometry-Specific Languages and Their Interfaces

Traditionally, programming languages have been designed with an eye toward implementation on general-purpose computers. The advent of computationally-enhanced craft items–small programmable objects with simple geometries and scaled-down computational components–suggests the need for new language and software environment models tailored for these objects. In some respects, the task of the craft-item language designer is less demanding than that of the traditional language designer; but there are new challenges to be faced as well. In this paper, we summarize both our experiences in creating computationally-enhanced craft items and their ramifications for the creation of geometry-specific languages, programming environments, and interfaces.
Studies of Symbols from "Robot Science"

The current paper reviews neuro-robotics studies by the author's group by which possible neuro-phenomenological accounts are explored for “symbolic” processes assumed in various aspects in human cognition. The reviews on the series of studies elucidate that many of “symbolic” computation scheme can be alternated by neuro-dynamic systems approach utilizing self-organization. It is concluded that “symbols” can be obtained just as an immanent property in the consequences of self-organization when natural interactions between the top-down intention and the bottom-up sensory-motor processes are allowed in embodied neuronal systems.
Hierarchical indexing and document matching in BoW

BoW is an on-line bibliographical repository based on a hierarchical c oncept index to which entries are linked. Searching in the repository should therefore return matching topics from the hierarchy, rather than just a list of entries. Likewise, when new entries are inserted, a search for relevant topics to which they should be linked is required. We develop a vector-based algorithm that creates keyword vectors for the set of competing topics at each node in the hierarchy, and show how its performance improves when domain-specific features are added (such as special handling of topic titles and author names). The results of a 7-fold cross validation on a corpus of some 3,500 entries with a 5-level index are hit ratios in the range of 89-95%, and most of the misclassifications are indeed ambiguous to begin with.
Origin of H I clouds in the Local Bubble I. A hydromagnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability caused by the interaction between the Loop I and the Local Bubble ?

We present a model to explain the origin of local clouds, including the so-called Local Fluff surrounding the so- lar system. We present observational evidence from ROSAT PSPC data, that manifest the existence of an interaction shell between our local interstellar bubble and the adjacent Loop I superbubble. A linear stability analysis of this compressed in- teraction shell has been performed. We show that due to the overpressure in Loop I, a hydromagnetic Rayleigh-Taylor in- stability will operate, even in the presence of an obstructing and stabilizing tangential magnetic field. The field acts like surface tension in an ordinary fluid, thus inhibiting the growth of the smallest wavelengths. It is shown that the most unstable mode has a growth time of the order of 10 5 -10 6 years (depending on the magnetic field strength), in agreement with the interac- tion time between the two bubbles being several times longer. The wavelength of the fastest growing mode is of the order of the thicknessRsh of the interaction shell (5-10 pc), or smaller depending on (i) the field strength, (ii) the angle between the wave vector of the perturbations and and the direction of the unperturbed magnetic field, and (iii) the pressure gradient across the shell. Once the instability becomes fully non-linear, neutral blobs of size < Rsh are predicted to detach from the interaction shell, aided by magnetic reconnection, and travel ballistically towards the direction of the Sun. We are thus able to identify the local clouds with products of such instabilities. Our calculations show that we can best reproduce the observed characteristics of the Local Fluff (e.g. its radius, mass, tempera- ture, density and velocity with respect to the Sun), for a range of typical parameters of field strength 5-7G, density 2-3cm 3 in the interaction shell and a perturbation angle =4 5-60. We have also analyzed ROSAT PSPC data to show that there is a corresponding depression of absorbing Hi column density in the region where the bubbles interact and the blobs detach. Moreover it is shown that this is accompanied by spectral vari- ations in the ROSAT R1 and R2 bands, which indicate depres- sions or holes in the interaction region between the two bubbles.
Self adaptation of mutation rates in a steady state genetic algorithm

This paper investigates the use of genetically encoded mutation rates within a "steady state" genetic algorithm in order to provide a self-adapting mutation mechanism for incremental evolution. One of the outcomes of this work will be a reduction in the number of parameters required to be set by the operator, thus facilitating the transfer of evolutionary computing techniques into an industrial setting. The NK family of landscapes is used to provide a variety of different problems with known statistical features in order to examine the effects of changing various parameters on the performance of the search. A number of policies are considered for the replacement of members of the population with newly created individuals and recombination of material between parents, and a number of methods of encoding for mutation rate are investigated. Empirical comparisons (using the "best-of current-population" metric) over a range of test problems show that a genetic algorithm incorporating the best "flavour" of the adaptive mutation operator outperformed the same algorithm when using any one of a variety of "standard" fixed mutation rates suggested by other authors.
Multi-band Vector Wavelet Transformation based Multi-Focus Image Fusion Algorithm

Multi-focus image fusion is one of the important embranchments of image fusion. It has been widely used in target identification, remote sensing image processing and so on. In this paper, a new multi-focus image fusion method based on multi-band vector wavelet is presented. Furthermore, some post processing is done in this paper, in which anisotropic diffusion arithmetic based on partial differential equations is used. As for the fusion image, the blocking effects which usually existed in the results are eliminated by using wavelet based image fusion method. To test and evaluate the proposed method, it is applied to a case study to demonstrate its performance in image fusion. Comparisons of experimental results by using several methods demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Test Controller Synthesis Constrained by Circuit Testability Analysis

In the paper, a method for test controller synthesis based on testability analysis results is presented. The proposed method enables to create a finite state machine with output, which can control all enable, address and clock inputs of elements in the circuit during the test application process. Proposed testability analysis method is efficient for RT level pipelined data-path circuit. Close coupling of testability analysis and test controller synthesis saves the test cost in terms of area overhead, test time and fault coverage. All processes are described formally.
End-User Ubiquitous Multimedia Production: Process and Case Studies

Traditional processes of multimedia production are generally regarded as professionally-oriented workflows, and they don't generally encompass the context of user-generated multimedia content. Taking into consideration production led by users, there is an urge for new frameworks that model end-users not only as consumers of multimedia content, but also as first-class elements in the whole multimedia production process. In this paper we advocate the need of an end-user production process that is oriented towards user-generated content, this process anticipates the participation of end-users in all phases of multimedia production and the assistance of user authoring tasks by means of metadata captured with low effort. We demonstrate the proposed process by means of results previously reported by several members of our research group.
FerroSynth: A Ferromagnetic Music Interface

a novel user interface device based around ferromagnetic sensing. The physical form of the interface can easily be reconfigured by simply adding and removing a variety of ferromagnetic objects to the device's sensing surface. This allows the user to change the physical form of the interface resulting in a variety of different interaction modes. When used in a musical context, the performer can leverage the physical reconfiguration of the device to affect the method of playing and ultimately the sound produced. We describe the implementation of the sensing system, along with a range of mapping techniques used to transform the sensor data into musical output, including both the direct synthesis of sound and also the generation of MIDI data for use with Ableton Live. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for the device. Keywordssensing, ferrofluid, reconfigurable user interface, wave terrain synthesis, MIDI controller.
Are Social Media more Social than Media? Measuring Ideological Homophily and Segregation on Twitter∗

Social media represent a rapidly growing source of information for citizens around the world. In this paper, we measure the degree of ideological homophily and segregation on social media. In particular, we construct a network based upon links between politically-engaged users and find that the network exhibits previously documented homophily patterns in offline social networks. Likewise, the degree of ideological segregation in the network is similar to that in networks based upon face-to-face interactions, such as friends and co-workers, and is higher than that associated with mass media, such as television and newspapers. ∗Preliminary. Please do not cite or circulate without permission of the authors. We are particularly indebted to Zack Hayat for getting this project off the ground and providing continual advice. We thank seminar participants at Berkeley, CU-Boulder, Michigan State, Stanford and Toronto for their input. Ashwin Balamohan, Max Fowler, Kristopher Kivutha and Somang Nam jointly created the infrastructure to obtain the Twitter data used in this paper. Dylan Moore provided outstanding research assistance. Special thanks to Darko Gavrilovic, the IT consultant at Toronto, who facilitated the data work for this project, and Pooya Saadatpanah for providing computing support. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. †Department of Economics, University of Toronto, yosh.halberstam@utoronto.ca ‡Department of Economics, Brown University and NBER, Brian_Knight@brown.edu
Molecular lanthanide single-ion magnets: from bulk to submonolayers

Single-ion magnets (SIMs) are mononuclear molecular complexes exhibiting slow relaxation of magnetization. They are currently attracting a lot of interest because of potential applications in spintronics and quantum information processing. However, exploiting SIMs in, e.g. molecule-inorganic hybrid devices requires a fundamental understanding of the effects of molecule–substrate interactions on the SIM magnetic properties. In this review the properties of lanthanide SIMs in the bulk crystalline phase and deposited on surfaces in the (sub)monolayer regime are discussed. As a starting point trivalent lanthanide ions in a ligand field will be described, and the challenges in characterizing the ligand field are illustrated with a focus on several spectroscopic techniques which are able to give direct information on the ligand-field split energy levels. Moreover, the dominant mechanisms of magnetization relaxation in the bulk phase are discussed followed by an overview of SIMs relevant for surface deposition. Further, a short introduction will be given on x-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and scanning tunneling microscopy. Finally, the recent experiments on surface-deposited SIMs will be reviewed, along with a discussion of future perspectives.