Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density fluctuations in JIPP T-IIU tokamak plasmas measured by a heavy ion beam probe

Multiple and small sample volume measurements of the density turbulence and potential profile measurements in tokamak plasmas were conducted using a heavy ion beam probe. The obtained wavenumber-frequency spectrum S(k, omega ) shows that the cross-sections of neutral beam injection (NBI) heated plasmas are divided into three regions of different turbulence characteristics outside the layer where the direction of the density turbulence propagation reverses, a low frequency and low wavenumber mode travelling in the ion diamagnetic drift direction dominates. The region enclosed by this reversal layer is divided into two parts during nearly perpendicular NBI heating: a region where the propagation velocity is near the Etau /Bt poloidal rotation velocity and a bad curvature region of very small wavenumber and high propagation velocity. The region of high propagation velocity, found in NBI plasmas, disappears in the ohmic plasmas. In addition, a small component that propagates in the ion diamagnetic drift direction is observed in NBI plasmas
On ( E , (cid:2) H E ) -abundant semigroups and their subclasses

We study semigroups that behave nicely with respect to a distinguished subset of idempotents E , both in terms of the extended Green’s relations (cid:2) K E and as unary semigroups. New structure theorems are given, notably in the case of central idempotents. Finally, the decomposition theorems are applied to the study of regular semigroups with particular generalized inverses.
A fractional elliptic problem in R n with critical growth and convex nonlinearities

In this paper we prove the existence of a positive solution of the nonlinear and nonlocal elliptic equation in R n in the convex case 1 ≤ q < 2 ∗ s − 1, where 2 ∗ s = 2 n /( n − 2 s ) is the critical fractional Sobolev exponent, ( − (cid:2)) s is the fractional Laplace operator, ε is a small parameter and h is a given bounded, integrable function. The problem has a variational structure and we prove the existence of a solution by using the classical Mountain-Pass Theorem. We work here with the harmonic extension of the fractional Laplacian, which allows us to deal with a weighted (but possibly degenerate) local operator, rather than with a nonlocal energy. In order to overcome the loss of compactness induced by the critical power we use a Concentration-Compactness principle. Moreover, a ﬁner analysis of the geometry of the energy functional is needed in this convex case with respect to the concave–convex case studied in Dipierro et al. (Fractional elliptic problems with critical growth in the whole of R n . Lecture Notes Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, 2017).
Knowledge mapping of students’ mental health status in the COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric study

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the international scientific output on mental health of students during COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis and to explore trend and research hotspots in this field. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications and used a variety of software to analyze and visualize the data such as R, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Scimago. Results A total of 2,734 publications were retrieved as of June 4, 2022, published by 3,894 institutions from 120 countries/regions. China and the United States lead in the quantity and quality of publications in this field. According to Bradford’s Law, 16 journals are considered core journals in the field. Co-cited references indicate the main psychological problems of students under the epidemic revolve around anxiety, poor sleep and financial difficulty. Their behavior might also be influenced by increased internet and alcohol use. Conclusion Mental health of students during COVID-19 is attracting increasing attention. It is identified that the research hotspots in this field continue to revolve around emotional anxiety and unhealthy behaviors. Due to the different troubles faced by different groups under COVID-19, further exploration of the relevant factors specific for students are needed, with a hopeful view to providing ideas for intervention measures.
Health self-perception is associated with life-styles and comorbidities and its effect on mortality is confounded by age. A population based study

Background Health self-perception (HSP) is the individual and subjective concept that a person has of their state of health. Despite its simplicity, HSP is considered a valid and relevant indicator employed in epidemiological research and in professional practice as an overall measure of health. Objectives (1) To describe and analyze the associations between HSP and demographic variables, lifestyle and diseases prevalent in a population and (2) to investigate the relationship between HSP and mortality. Materials and methods In a primary care setting, we conducted a longitudinal study of a random populational sample of a Galician municipality, stratified by decade of life. A total of 1,516 adults older than 18 years, recruited by the 2013–2015 AEGIS study, were followed-up for more than 5 years. During the clinical interview, data were collected on lifestyle and prevalent diseases. The HSP was grouped into 2 categories (good/poor). The statistical analysis consisted of a logistic regression, Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression. Results A total of 540 (35.6%) participants reported poor HSP. At the end of the follow-up, 78 participants had died (5.1%). The participants with increased age and body mass index and chronic diseases (anxiety, depression, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and cancer) presented a poorer subjective health. A high level of physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption were associated with better HSP. A poorer HSP was associated with increased mortality, an association that disappeared after adjusting for the rest of the covariates (HR, 0.82; 95% CI 0.50–1.33). Conclusion (1) Health self-perception is associated with age, lifestyle, and certain prevalent diseases. (2) A poorer HSP is associated with increased mortality, but this predictive capacity disappeared after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, lifestyle, and prevalent diseases.
Investigating high schoolers’ L2 writing anxiety, L2 writing self-efficacy, L2 writing self-regulated strategies, and L2 writing engagement: Relationships and mediator

This study used a structural equation modeling approach to investigate the relationships among L2 writing anxiety, L2 writing self-efficacy, L2 writing self-regulated strategies and L2 writing engagement, and possible mediators that regulate the effect of individual factors. A questionnaire was administered to 340 Chinese high school students from different parts of the country. The results of the study suggested a negative relationship between L2 writing anxiety and L2 writing self-efficacy, and a direct effect of both on L2 writing engagement. While a higher level of L2 writing self-efficacy indicated a lower level of L2 writing anxiety and more students’ L2 writing engagement, L2 writing efficacy had a much stronger direct effect on L2 writing engagement than L2 writing anxiety. In addition, L2 writing self-regulated strategies were found to play a mediating role between L2 writing self-efficacy and L2 writing engagement, but not between L2 writing anxiety and L2 writing engagement. This study helps to understand the interplay of individual factors related to L2 writing and sheds light on promoting English writing abilities of Chinese high school students.
Progress and prospect of ecological risks of land use change

Ecological risks reflect the extent to which ecosystems are threatened by human activities and environmental changes. Changes in land use/land cover can have profound impacts on the regional ecological environment, such as land desertification, soil erosion, a sharp reduction in forest resources, and biodiversity loss. To objectively reveal the current research status, we conducted an econometric analysis of relevant research papers from 1991 to 2021, published in Web of Science. The results are as follows: 1) In the past 30 years, the number of publications in the field of ecological risks of land use change increased, and the period from 1991 to 2021 can be divided into three stages: the budding period from 1991 to 2008, the rising period from 2009 to 2015, and the high-yield period from 2016 to 2021. 2) Research in this field covered 104 countries or regions, mainly in Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The top three cited countries were the US, China, and the UK. 3) The high-frequency keywords of land use change in the field of ecological risks mainly included “land use”, “management”, “climate change”, and “risk and ecology”. Keywords frequently appeared in Tree Map, such as “dynamics”, “framework”, and “model”, indicating the main research methods in this field. Based on the results, we suggest that for the future development of this research field, the evaluation method system should be improved and multidisciplinary research should be strengthened, ultimately exploring new ways to solve the current ecological problems.
Genome editing for vegetable crop improvement: Challenges and future prospects

Vegetable crops are known as protective foods due to their potential role in a balanced human diet, especially for vegetarians as they are a rich source of vitamins and minerals along with dietary fibers. Many biotic and abiotic stresses threaten the crop growth, yield and quality of these crops. These crops are annual, biennial and perennial in breeding behavior. Traditional breeding strategies pose many challenges in improving economic crop traits. As in most of the cases the large number of backcrosses and stringent selection pressure is required for the introgression of the useful traits into the germplasm, which is time and labour-intensive process. Plant scientists have improved economic traits like yield, quality, biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved nutritional quality of crops more precisely and accurately through the use of the revolutionary breeding method known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9). The high mutation efficiency, less off-target consequences and simplicity of this technique has made it possible to attain novel germplasm resources through gene-directed mutation. It facilitates mutagenic response even in complicated genomes which are difficult to breed using traditional approaches. The revelation of functions of important genes with the advancement of whole-genome sequencing has facilitated the CRISPR-Cas9 editing to mutate the desired target genes. This technology speeds up the creation of new germplasm resources having better agro-economical traits. This review entails a detailed description of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology along with its potential applications in olericulture, challenges faced and future prospects.
A novel prediction model for pathological complete response based on clinical and blood parameters in locally advanced rectal cancer

Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether clinical and blood parameters can be used for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Methods We retrospectively enrolled 226 patients with LARC [allocated in a 7:3 ratio to a training (n = 158) or validation (n = 68) cohort] who received nCRT before radical surgery. Backward stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify clinical and blood parameters associated with achieving pCR. Models based on clinical parameters (CP), blood parameters (BP), and clinical-blood parameters (CBP) were constructed for comparison with previously reported Tan’s model. The performance of the four models was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both cohorts. A dynamic nomogram was constructed for the presentation of the best model. Results The CP and BP models based on multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that interval, Grade, CEA and fibrinogen–albumin ratio index (FARI), sodium-to-globulin ratio (SGR) were the independent clinical and blood predictors for achieving pCR, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of the CBP model achieved a score of 0.818 and 0.752 in both cohorts, better than CP (0.762 and 0.589), BP (0.695 and 0.718), Tan (0.738 and 0.552). CBP also showed better calibration and DCA than other models in both cohorts. Moreover, CBP revealed significant improvement compared with other models in training cohort (P < 0.05), and CBP showed significant improvement compared with CP and Tan’s model in validation cohort (P < 0.05). Conclusion We demonstrated that CBP predicting model have potential in predicting pCR to nCRT in patient with LARC.
An efficient and broadly applicable method for transient transformation of plants using vertically aligned carbon nanofiber arrays

Transient transformation in plants is a useful process for evaluating gene function. However, there is a scarcity of minimally perturbing methods for gene delivery that can be used on multiple organs, plant species, and non-excised tissues. We pioneered and demonstrated the use of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) arrays to efficiently perform transient transformation of different tissues with DNA constructs in multiple plant species. The VACNFs permeabilize plant tissue transiently to allow molecules into cells without causing a detectable stress response. We successfully delivered DNA into leaves, roots and fruit of five plant species (Arabidopsis, poplar, lettuce, Nicotiana benthamiana, and tomato) and confirmed accumulation of the encoded fluorescent proteins by confocal microscopy. Using this system, it is possible to transiently transform plant cells with both small and large plasmids. The method is successful for species recalcitrant to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. VACNFs provide simple, reliable means of DNA delivery into a variety of plant organs and species.
The role of preoperative inflammatory markers in patients with central nervous system tumors, focus on glioma

Background CNS tumors, particularly gliomas, are associated with a high rate of disability and lethality, and are typically diagnosed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Our research aims to develop a minimally invasive method for diagnosing, grading and molecular typing glioma. Methods We collected patients who underwent surgery for glioma, Trigeminal neuralgia/Hemifacial spasm, schwannoma, pituitary adenomas and meningioma at our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021. Preoperative WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelet counts and albumin levels were collected. Preoperative NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR and PNI were calculated, and the correlation between them and glioma diagnosis as well as grading was analyzed. We also evaluated the diagnostic significance of NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR, PNI and their combinations for gliomas, particularly GBM, as well as the diagnostic significance of IDH molecular typing of gliomas. Results There were 182 healthy samples and 3101 diseased samples in our study. Compared with other groups, glioma patients had significantly higher preoperative NLR, dNLR and PLR values, but lower LMR and PNI values. Further analysis showed that NLR, dNLR, and PLR were positively correlated with glioma grading, while LMR and PNI were negatively correlated with glioma grading. For the diagnosis of glioma, NLR showed a maximum AUC value of 0.8099 (0.7823-0.8374). For GBM, NLR showed a maximum AUC value of 0.9585 (0.9467-0.9703). In the combination, NLR+dNLR showed the highest AUC value of 0.8070(0.7849-0.8291). NLR showed significant statistical significance in all grades of glioma IDH molecular typing, while PLR did not show statistical significance. Conclusions NLR has the greatest value for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, grading and molecular typing of gliomas. The NLR+dNLR combination also showed high sensitivity and specificity. We believe that inflammatory parameters may serve as economical and specific markers for glioma diagnosis, grading, molecular typing, and progression.
Effects of network connectivity on viscoelastic relaxation in transient networks using experimental approach

The effect of network connectivity on viscoelastic relaxation in transient networks with well-defined structures (Tetra-PEG slime) was experimentally evaluated and compared to bond dissociation kinetics. To control the connectivity and discuss the pure effect precisely, we mixed the precursors in off-stoichiometric ratio. With decreasing network connectivity, the viscoelastic relaxation time accelerated and became shorter than the bond dissociation time. With increasing polymer concentration, the connectivity at which the viscoelastic relaxation time matched the dissociation time shifted to the high-connectivity region. The dependence of viscoelastic relaxation on connectivity can be adequately explained within the framework of the lifetime of a backbone. The backbone has numerous breakage points in low-connectivity region nearby the gelation point, resulting in a shorter lifetime than the dissociation time. However, the Rubinstein-Semenov model based on backbone relaxation does not predict the concentration dependence, suggesting that the formation of the network in the dilute/semi-dilute region deviates from a random branching process. These findings provide a crucial foundation for the molecular comprehension of transient network materials.
Shopping centers versus traditional open street bazaars: A comparative study of user’s preference in the city of Karachi, Pakistan

Bazaars have always been a center of social, economic, and cultural exchange. Bazaars as public spaces were responsible for creating an ideal public setting to enhance social interactions for everyone. However, over a period of time, the concept of Bazaars has changed. Modern shopping centers seem to be an appropriate alternative to bazaars in terms of accessibility, quality of space, maintenance, sense of safety and security, and leisure activities. Karachi, being the commercial hub of Pakistan, hosts a load of business centers and marketplaces around the city. However, parts of the old bazaars in Karachi have been slowly destroyed to make room for wider streets and roads in Karachi, and new forms of shopping centers have been emerging across the city. This research will investigate the preference of people for traditional bazaars vs. shopping centers and the attribute of shopping centers that aided in their preference. This aim will be achieved by 1) understanding the evolving concepts of public spaces in Karachi and 2) investigating people’s preference for shopping centers vs. Bazaars and the impact of services offered by shopping centers on user satisfaction. A comparative case study technique is used. Data is collected through an online survey in relation to a traditional bazaar and a newly built shopping center in Karachi, Pakistan. The finding results show that the success of shopping centers is generally influenced by indicators like atmosphere, safety, accessibility, and leisure activities while people visit traditional open street bazaars in Karachi for the economical prices and accessibility to public transportation. On the other hand, the avoiding behavior of users towards traditional bazaars is reported due to narrow pathways, unmaintained environment, no parking and toilet facilities, and a large influx of people. Although these results are not the first ones in the literature, they are new in relying on findings from a cosmopolitan city in Pakistan. Finally, this study provides some recommendations that can serve urban planners and other practitioners to integrate these indicators at the earliest conceptual design phases when planning and managing open street bazaars in developing countries.
Case report: A novel heterozygous synonymous variant in deep exon region of NIPBL gene generating a non-canonical splice donor in a patient with cornelia de lange syndrome

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant or X-linked genetic disease with significant genetic heterogeneity. Variants of the NIPBL gene are responsible for CdLS in 60% of patients. Herein, we report the case of a patient with CdLS showing distinctive facial features, microcephaly, developmental delay, and growth retardation. Whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient, and a novel de novo heterozygous synonymous variant was identified in the deep region of exon 40 in the NIPBL gene (NM_133433.4: c. 6819G > T, p. Gly2273 = ). The clinical significance of the variant was uncertain according to the ACMG/AMP guidelines; however, based on in silico analysis, it was predicted to alter mRNA splicing. To validate the prediction, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was conducted. The variant activated a cryptic splice donor, generating a short transcript of NIPBL. A loss of 137 bp at the 3′ end of NIPBL exon 40 was detected, which potentially altered the open reading frame by inserting multiple premature termination codons. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the ratio of the transcription level of the full-length transcript to that of the altered short transcript in the patient was 5:1, instead of 1:1. These findings may explain the relatively mild phenotype of the patient, regardless of the loss of function of the truncated protein due to a frameshift in the mRNA. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a synonymous variant in the deep exon regions of the NIPBL gene responsible for CdLS. The identified variant expands the mutational spectrum of the NIPBL gene. Furthermore, synonymous variations may be pathogenic, which should not be ignored in the clinical and genetic diagnosis of the disease.
Clinical presentation and in-hospital outcomes of intraoperative red blood cell transfusion in non-anemic patients undergoing elective valve replacement

Background Intraoperative transfusion is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery. However, few studies have shown the impact of intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on non-anemic patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We assessed the in-hospital clinical outcomes of non-anemic patients undergoing isolated valve replacements and investigated the predictors associated with intraoperative RBC transfusion. Methods We enrolled 345 non-anemic patients undergoing isolated valve replacements in our department from January 2015 to December 2019. The patients were stratified by the receipt of intraoperative RBC transfusion. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups and multiple logistic regression was used to identify the predictors for intraoperative RBC transfusion. The association between intraoperative RBC transfusion and in-hospital outcomes was also evaluated. Results Intraoperative RBC transfusion developed in 84 of the 345 enrolled patients (24.3%). Three independent predictors for intraoperative RBC transfusion of non-anemic patients undergoing isolated valve replacements were identified by multivariate logistic analysis, including female, iron deficiency and hemoglobin level. When the two groups were compared, a significant tendency of higher in-hospital mortality (6.0% vs. 1.1%, P = 0.033) and higher incidence of postoperative hypoxemia (9.5% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.007) were observed in the intraoperative RBC transfusion group. After adjustment, the presence of intraoperative RBC transfusion was associated with an increase in postoperative hypoxemia (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.16–9.71, P = 0.026). Conclusion Intraoperative RBC transfusion was associated with poorer clinical outcomes in non-anemic adults undergoing isolated valve replacements, which significantly increased the risk of postoperative hypoxemia. The independent predictors of intraoperative RBC transfusion, such as iron deficiency and female, were identified, which may be helpful for risk assessment and perioperative management.