Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Snake River Sockeye Salmon Habitat and Limnological Research; 1996 Annual Report.

Since the late 1980's, Snake River sockeye, Oncorhynchus nerka, adults have only returned to Redfish Lake, one of five lakes in the Sawtooth Basin which historically reared sockeye. In 1995 we removed a fish passage barrier at the outlet of Pettit Lake to provide access to more rearing habitat for sockeye. During the same year 8,750 progeny from the captive broodstock program were stocked in Pettit Lake, the only other lake besides Redfish that currently rears Snake River sockeye. In this report, we have summarized activities conducted by Shoshone-Bannock Tribes (SBT) Fisheries Department personnel during the calendar year of 1996. Our objective included fertilization of Redfish Lake, characterizing the limnology of Sawtooth Valley lakes, conducting O. nerka lake population and escapement surveys, reducing the number of spawning kokanee in Fishhook Creek, evaluating hatchery rainbow trout overwinter survival and potential competition and predation interactions with O. nerka in Pettit Lake, and monitoring smolt outmigration from Pettit Lake.
Suture Button Fixation Versus Syndesmotic Screws in Supination–External Rotation Type 4 Injuries: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background: In stress-positive, unstable supination–external rotation type 4 (SER IV) ankle fractures, implant selection for syndesmotic fixation is a debated topic. Among the available syndesmotic fixation methods, the metallic screw and the suture button have been routinely compared in the literature. In addition to strength of fixation and ability to anatomically restore the syndesmosis, costs associated with implant use have recently been called into question. Purpose: This study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of the suture button and determine whether suture button fixation is more cost-effective than two 3.5-mm syndesmotic screws not removed on a routine postoperative basis. Study Design: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Studies with the highest evidence levels in the available literature were used to estimate the hardware removal and failure rates for syndesmotic screws and suture button fixation. Costs were determined by examining the average costs for patients who underwent surgery for unstable SER IV ankle fractures at a single level-1 trauma institution. A decision analysis model that allowed comparison of the 2 fixation methods was developed. Results: Using a 20% screw hardware removal rate and a 4% suture button hardware removal rate, the total cost for 2 syndesmotic screws was US$20,836 and the total effectiveness was 5.846. This yielded a total cost of $3564 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) over an 8-year time period. The total cost for suture button fixation was $19,354 and the total effectiveness was 5.904, resulting in a total cost of $3294 per QALY over the same time period. A sensitivity analysis was then conducted to assess suture button fixation costs as well as screw and suture button hardware removal rates. Other possible treatment scenarios were also examined, including 1 screw and 2 suture buttons for operative fixation of the syndesmosis. To become more cost-effective, the screw hardware removal rate would have to be reduced to less than 10%. Furthermore, fixation with a single suture button continued to be the dominant treatment strategy compared with 2 suture buttons, 1 screw, and 2 screws for syndesmotic fixation. Conclusion: This cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that for unstable SER IV ankle fractures, suture button fixation is more cost-effective than syndesmotic screws not removed on a routine basis. Suture button fixation was a dominant treatment strategy, because patients spent on average $1482 less and had a higher quality of life by 0.058 QALYs compared with patients who received fixation with 2 syndesmotic screws. Assuming that functional outcomes and failure rates were equivalent, screw fixation only became more cost-effective when the screw hardware removal rate was reduced to less than 10% or when the suture button cost exceeded $2000. In addition, fixation with a single suture button device proved more cost-effective than fixation with either 1 or 2 syndesmotic screws.
Personality, Health and Lifestyle in a Questionnaire Family Study: A Comparison Between Highly Cooperative and Less Cooperative Families

Abstract The effect of nonresponse on health and lifestyle measures has received extensive study, showing at most relatively modest effects. Nonresponse bias with respect to personality has been less thoroughly investigated. The present study uses data from responding individuals as a proxy for the missing data of their nonresponding family members to examine the presence of nonresponse bias for personality traits and disorders as well as health and lifestyle traits. We looked at the Big Five personality traits, borderline personality disorder (BPD) features, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Anger, and several measures of health (Body Mass Index, migraine) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol use). In general, outcomes tend to be slightly more favorable for individuals from highly cooperative families compared to individuals from less cooperative families. The only significant difference was found for BPD features (p = .001). However, the absolute difference in mean scores is very small, less than 1 point for a scale ranging from 0 to 72. In conclusion, survey data on personality, health and lifestyle are relatively unbiased with respect to nonresponse.
Late Quaternary to decadal velocity fields in Asia

[1] Fields of crustal velocity and strain rate within Asia, averaged over horizontal distances of ∼300 km, are calculated from estimates of Quaternary slip rates on faults and rates of change of lengths of baselines between GPS sites. The calculated fields fit strain rate components estimated from Quaternary slip rates within 95% confidence limits and fit the GPS data with an RMS residual of 2.5 mm yr−1. The strain rate field constrained only by Quaternary slip rates of faults differs from the combined solution at the level of 20 nstrain yr−1, and the differences are explicable by the limited accuracy of geological estimates of slip rate. Therefore the strain rate fields determined by geodetic measurements taken on the 10-year timescale are consistent with geological observations on the 104-year timescale. The combined solution for velocities shows plate- or block-like motion within deforming Asia only in Tarim, south China, and the Amurian region; elsewhere the kinematics of rigid blocks does not provide a useful description of the motion. In particular, velocities relative to Eurasia point at high angles to contours of their magnitudes, not parallel to them as they would if large regions moved as rigid blocks. The axes of principal horizontal compressional strain align with topographic gradients, in agreement with previous suggestions that Asia deforms as a continuum under the influence of gravity.
Visualizing Synaptic Ribbons in the Living Cell

Visual and auditory information is encoded by sensory neurons that tonically release neurotransmitter at high rates. The synaptic ribbon is an essential organelle in nerve terminals of these neurons. Its precise function is unknown, but if the ribbon could be visualized in a living terminal, both its own dynamics and its relation to calcium and vesicle dynamics could be studied. We designed a short fluorescent peptide with affinity for a known binding domain of RIBEYE, a protein unique to the ribbon. When introduced via a whole-cell patch pipette, the peptide labeled structures at the presynaptic plasma membrane of ribbon-type terminals. The fluorescent spots match in size, location, number, and distribution the known features of synaptic ribbons. Furthermore, fluorescent spots mapped by confocal microscopy directly match the ribbons identified by electron microscopy in the same cell. Clearly the peptide binds to the synaptic ribbon, but even at saturating concentrations it affects neither the morphology of the ribbon nor its tethering of synaptic vesicles. It also does not inhibit exocytosis. Using the peptide label, we observed that the ribbon is immobile over minutes and that calcium influx is concentrated at the ribbon. Finally, we find that each ribbon in a retinal bipolar cell contains ∼4000 molecules of RIBEYE, indicating that it is the major component of the synaptic ribbon.
Differential Modulation of Stimulatory and Inhibitory Fcγ Receptors on Human Monocytes by Th1 and Th2 Cytokines1

Immune complex-mediated inflammatory responses are initiated by FcγR on phagocytes. We report in this study that an inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIb2, is expressed on circulating human monocytes, and when co-cross-linked with stimulatory FcγR it down-regulates effector function. FcγRIIb2 expression is increased by IL-4 and decreased by IFN-γ, in contrast to the activating receptor, FcγRIIa, which is increased by IFN-γ and decreased by IL-4. Thus, Th1 and Th2 cytokines differentially regulate the opposing FcγR systems, altering the balance of activating and inhibiting FcγR. The detection and cytokine modulation of FcγRIIb2 in human myeloid cells provide evidence of a negative regulator of immune complex-mediated responses in human phagocytes and offer a new approach to limit Ab-triggered inflammation in autoimmune disease.
Large-system analyses of multiple-antenna system capacities

Asymptotic theorems are very commonly used in probability. For systems whose performance depends on a set of n random parameters, asymptotic analyses for n → ∞ are often used to simplify calculations and obtain results yielding useful hints at the behavior of the system for finite n. These asymptotic analyses are especially useful whenever the convergence to the asymptotic results is so fast that even for moderate n they yield results close to the true values. This tutorial paper illustrates this principle by applying it to capacity calculations of multiple-antenna systems.
Generalized ID-based ElGamal signatures

ID-based cryptography has been a very active area of research in cryptography since bilinear pairings were introduced as a cryptographic tool, and there have been many proposals for ID-based signatures recently. In this paper, we introduce the concept of generalized ID-based ElGamal signatures and show that most of the proposed ID-based signature schemes in the literature are special instances of this generalized scheme. We also obtain numerous new signatures from this generalized scheme which have not been proposed before.
Spatial patterns and temporal stability of soil moisture across a range of scales in a semi‐arid environment

The antecedent soil moisture status of a catchment is an important factor in hydrological modelling. Traditional Hortonian infiltration models assume that the initial moisture content is constant across the whole catchment, despite the fact that even in small catchments antecedent soil moisture exhibits tremendous spatial heterogeneity. Spatial patterns of soil water distribution across three transects (two in a burnt area and one in an unburnt area) in a semi-arid area were studied. At the transect scale, when the factors affecting soil moisture were limited to topographical position or local topography, spatial patterns showed time stability, but when other factors, such as vegetation, were taken into account, the spatial patterns became time unstable. At the point scale, and in the same areas, topographical position was the main factor controlling time stability. Scale dependence of time stability was studied and local topography and vegetation presence were observed to play an important role for the correlation between consecutive measures depending on the scale. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ocean to atmosphere carbon monoxide flux: Global inventory and climate implications

The global ocean to atmosphere flux of carbon monoxide (CO) is simulated with 4.5° × 7.5° latitude-longitude spatial resolution using global data fields derived from an atmospheric general circulation model. The cloud and radiation package in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model is used to estimate the solar energy at the Earth's surface. This quantity is empirically related to photochemical interaction with dissolved organic matter, and the global concentration field of CO in surface seawater is estimated. Areas associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone and mid- to high-latitude winter hemisphere regions have relatively low climatological CO surface ocean concentrations on a local scale. The global surface wind and temperature fields are simultaneously used to calculate the global transfer velocity field of CO. Coupling these two computed fields, a global ocean to atmosphere CO flux of 165± 80 Tg yr−1 is proposed. The CO flux rates vary globally from 0.1 to 12 ug cm−2 month−1. The fluxes are largest in the mid-latitude summer hemispheres, with a maximum at 40° S during the austral summer that is 40% larger on a zonal average than at any northern hemisphere latitude. Relatively small continental sources of CO to the southern hemisphere atmosphere and the short atmospheric residence time of this trace gas indicate that ocean-derived CO may influence the local photochemical dynamics in the remote marine boundary layer of this region. A possible climate feedback scenario involving UV radiation, ozone, OH, and the air-sea exchange of CO is proposed. The global ocean to atmosphere CO flux proposed here is at the high end of those used in previous atmospheric CO budgets. This estimate however must be considered a lower limit because no explicit simulation of global oceanic primary productivity is presently in the model.
Quantifying Cretaceous–Cenozoic exhumation in the Otway Basin, southeastern Australia, using sonic transit time data: Implications for conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon prospectivity

In prospective basins affected by exhumation, uncertainty commonly exists regarding the maximum burial depths of source, reservoir, and seal horizons. One such basin is the Otway Basin, an important gas province in southeastern Australia, which has witnessed several exhumation events. Here, we present estimates of net exhumation magnitudes for 110 onshore and offshore petroleum wells based on the sonic transit time analyses of Lower Cretaceous fluvial shales. Our results show significant post-Albian net exhumation in the eastern onshore Otway Basin (1500 m [4920 ft]) and a generally minor net exhumation (200 m [655 ft]) elsewhere in the Otway Basin, consistent with estimates based on thermal history data. The distribution of net exhumation magnitudes in relation to mid-Cretaceous and Neogene compressional structures indicates that exhumation was dominantly controlled by short-wavelength basin inversion driven by plate-boundary forces. Deeper burial coupled with high geothermal gradients in the onshore eastern Otway Basin and along the northern basin margin during the early Cretaceous have rendered Lower Cretaceous source rocks mostly overmature, with any remaining hydrocarbons from the initial charge likely to be trapped in tightly compacted reservoirs and/or secondary (fracture-related) porosity. However, the embrittlement of these reservoirs during their deeper burial may present opportunities for the development of low-permeability plays through hydraulic fracturing where smectite clay minerals are illitized. Source rocks at near-maximum burial at present day are at temperatures suitable for gas generation, with key controls on prospectivity in these areas including the sealing potential of faulted traps and the relationship between charge and trap development.
Topological representation of speech for speaker recognition

During last decade, researchers in speaker recognition have been working over the same acoustic space, regardless of whether the data lie on a linear space or not. Our proposal is to take into account the inner geometric structure of the speech in order to obtain a new space with a better representation of the speech data. A topological approach based on manifolds obtained thanks to Laplacian and Isomap algorithms is proposed. In this first work, the proposal is evaluated in terms of dimension reduction of the supervector space, known to have a high redundancy. The experiments are done in the NIST-SRE framework. It appears that the proposed approach allows to reduce by a factor four the dimension of the supervector space without losses in terms of EER. This first result highlights the potential of topological approaches for speaker recognition.
Organic maturation and ore precipitation in Southeast Missouri

The "sulfate-reduction plus mixing" hypotheses for the formation of Mississippi Valley-type deposits have suffered from an inability to show a plausible mass balance between sulfate, possible reductants, and sulfide ores, and a mechanism for mixing the reduced gas (H 2 S) with the metal-bearing fluid. Both these problems are resolved by focusing on the gases (mostly methane) generated from the organic matter in the host carbonate rocks during thermal maturation caused by heat from the hydrothermal solutions. In southeast Missouri, it appears that the volume of the Bonneterre Formation required to produce all the methane needed to reduce enough sulfate to precipitate all the ores is approximately the same as the volume of the brown-rock facies, which hosts most of the ore. Therefore it appears that metal- and sulfate-bearing solutions entered the Bonneterre at Lamotte Sandstone pinchouts, then followed permeability trends, which coincided mainly with the oolitic grainstones associated with the stromatolite reef, most of which are brown. Evolution of methane and other reducing compounds from the brown rock resulted in sulfate reduction and precipitation of sulfides. Several other regional and local factors in the geology of the area are found to be compatible with this idea.
NeuroRex: A clinical neural interface roadmap for EEG-based brain machine interfaces to a lower body robotic exoskeleton

In this communication, a translational clinical brain-machine interface (BMI) roadmap for an EEG-based BMI to a robotic exoskeleton (NeuroRex) is presented. This multi-faceted project addresses important engineering and clinical challenges: It addresses the validation of an intelligent, self-balancing, robotic lower-body and trunk exoskeleton (Rex) augmented with EEG-based BMI capabilities to interpret user intent to assist a mobility-impaired person to walk independently. The goal is to improve the quality of life and health status of wheelchair-bounded persons by enabling standing and sitting, walking and backing, turning, ascending and descending stairs/curbs, and navigating sloping surfaces in a variety of conditions without the need for additional support or crutches.
Fast mapping in linguistic context: Processing and complexity effects

Title of thesis: FAST MAPPING IN LINGUISTIC CONTEXT: PROCESSING AND COMPLEXITY EFFECTS Alison Reese Arnold, Master of Arts, 2015 Thesis directed by: Assistant Professor Yi Ting Huang Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences Young children readily use syntactic cues for word learning in structurally-simple contexts (Naigles, 1990). However, developmental differences in children’s language processing abilities might interfere with their access to syntactic cues when novel words are presented in structurally-challenging contexts. To understand the role of processing on syntactic bootstrapping, we used an eye-tracking paradigm to examine children’s fastmapping abilities in active (structurally-simple) and passive (structurally-complex) sentences. Actions after sentences indicated children were more successful mapping words in passive sentences when novel words were presented in NP2 (“The seal will be quickly eaten by the blicket”) than when novel words were presented in NP1 (“The blicket will be quickly eaten by the seal”), indicating presenting more prominent nouns in NP1 increases children’s agent-first bias and sabotages interpretation of passives. Additionally, later recall data indicate children were less likely to remember new words when they were presented in structurally-challenging contexts.
Functional Recovery After Hemiplegia in Patients With Neglect: The Rehabilitative Role of Anosognosia

Background and Purpose— The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of anosognosia (A) affects the rehabilitative prognosis of hemiplegic subjects with neglect (N). Methods— This study was carried out on 30 patients with left hemiplegia: 15 patients had neglect (group N) and 15 had neglect and anosognosia (group N+A). Mean age was 68.2±6.3 in group N (9 men and 6 women) and 72.1±6.4 in group N+A (7 men and 8 women). The average interval from onset of stroke to admission for rehabilitation was 23 and 23.6 days, respectively, in group N and in group N+A. Patients were assessed through the Mesulam test, Bisiach test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fugl-Meyer scale, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Rankin scale. Results— Before rehabilitation, cognitive FIM scores of patients of group N were significantly higher than those of group N+A (P=0.001), whereas motor FIM scores and total FIM scores did not differ between the 2 groups. After rehabilitation, cognitive FIM scores (P=0.000) and even motor (P=0.009) and total FIM scores (P=0.000) were statistically higher in group N than in group N+A. Effectiveness (P=0.005) and efficiency (P=0.012) in the motor FIM scores of group N were significantly greater than those of group N+A. Disability was lower in group N (P=0.040). Conclusions— Our study shows that the presence of anosognosia worsens the rehabilitation prognosis in hemiplegic subjects who also have neglect.
[Intravenous administration of immunoglobulins in systemic lupus erythematosus: review of the literature and initial clinical experiences].

About 10 years ago, the first reports about the successful treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenia with high-dose intravenously administered immunoglobulins (ivIg) were published. Since this time ivIg have been tried for treating almost any autoimmune disease. However, reports about this treatment modality are only anecdotal. So far, ivIg are a widely used and accepted treatment only for autoimmune thrombocytopenia and Kawasaki disease. During the last years many groups tried to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which ivIg exert their effects in autoimmune diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) only case reports are available which describe encouraging positive effects of ivIg especially in patients with cytopenia and vasculitis. However in some cases a serious impairment of renal function after ivIg therapy has been reported. This was seen mainly in SLE patients who already had renal involvement before ivIg therapy was started. Therefore, extreme caution should be exercised in these patients until we know more about the pathophysiology of this side effect. We have treated 6 SLE patients with high-dose ivIg (400 mg/kg, 5 days). One patient had a remission for 6 months, another patient for 36 months; in 2 patients with preexisting reduced renal function we observed two acute renal failures and in 1 patient a decrease of the renal function 1 month after ivIg treatment. These preliminary data demonstrate the necessity of controlled clinical trials to prove the effectiveness, to define indications, to find the optimal dosage, and to study the possible mechanisms of action. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)