Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Stability of Implants Inserted in Ridges Augmented with Mineralized Cortical Cancellous Allograft Blocks with Implants in Native Bone Using Resonance Frequency Analysis

Introduction:Lateral ridge augmentations are traditionally performed using autogenous bone grafts. However, the bone harvesting procedure, whether intra orally or extra orally, is accompanied by patient morbidity. So, applying bone substitute has been suggested. The aim of the present study was to compare the stability of implants in ridges augmented with mineralized cortical cancellous allograft blocks with implants in native bone using Resonance Frequency Analysis. Materials & Methods:In this clinical trial study, approved by ethical committee of Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, nine subjects with insufficient ridge width were selected. Their ridges were augmented with mineralized cortical cancellous allograft blocks. After 6 months, implants were inserted. In control group, 9 subjects with sufficient ridge width were selected. Implants were inserted in the same place as the test group. ISQ was used for measurement of implants stability on third and sixth month after implants placement. Data were analyzed by paired and two sample t tests using SPSS version 15 software. Results:During the study period, two implants in allograft group failed. In the test group, the difference between mean ISQ at third and sixth month was statistically significant (P=0.008), but in the control group, it was not significant (P=0.065). At third month, the mean ISQ between 2 groups was not statistically significant (P=0.317), but at sixth month, the mean ISQ in control group was significantly higher than the test group (P=0.000). Conclusion:The mean ISQ in both groups were enough to load the implants. This means that mineralized cortical cancellous blocks could be used as a scaffold for growth of the bone and ridge augmentation for implant placement.
The effect of carbon subsidies on marine planktonic niche partitioning and recruitment during biofilm assembly

The influence of resource availability on planktonic and biofilm microbial community membership is poorly understood. Heterotrophic bacteria derive some to all of their organic carbon (C) from photoautotrophs while simultaneously competing with photoautotrophs for inorganic nutrients such as phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N). Therefore, C inputs have the potential to shift the competitive balance of aquatic microbial communities by increasing the resource space available to heterotrophs (more C) while decreasing the resource space available to photoautotrophs (less mineral nutrients due to increased competition from heterotrophs). To test how resource dynamics affect membership of planktonic communities and assembly of biofilm communities we amended a series of flow-through mesocosms with C to alter the availability of C among treatments. Each mesocosm was fed with unfiltered seawater and incubated with sterilized microscope slides as surfaces for biofilm formation. The highest C treatment had the highest planktonic heterotroph abundance, lowest planktonic photoautotroph abundance, and highest biofilm biomass. We surveyed bacterial 16S rRNA genes and plastid 23S rRNA genes to characterize biofilm and planktonic community membership and structure. Regardless of resource additions, biofilm communities had higher alpha diversity than planktonic communities in all mesocosms. Heterotrophic plankton communities were distinct from heterotrophic biofilm communities in all but the highest C treatment where heterotrophic plankton and biofilm communities resembled each other after 17 days. Unlike the heterotrophs, photoautotrophic plankton communities were different than photoautotrophic biofilm communities in composition in all treatments including the highest C treatment. Our results suggest that although resource amendments affect community membership and structure, microbial lifestyle (biofilm versus planktonic) has a stronger influence on community composition.
Foundations for a New Science of Learning

Dissecting Dyslexia and Learning Difficulties in learning to read, despite reasonable effort and instruction, form the basis of dyslexia. Gabrieli (p. 280; see the cover) now reviews the latest research into the causes of dyslexia. Neuroimaging studies may give early notice of impending dyslexia, and it is hoped that early interventions may lessen the impact of dyslexia. Learning occurs in many settings. Humans uniquely use the formalized settings of schools and curriculum. Infants and children also do plenty of learning outside these settings, often intermingling social interactions. Meltzoff et al. (p. 284) survey the variety of learning contexts that people experience and discuss how recent advances in neuroscience and robotics are driving a new synthesis of learning. Human learning is distinguished by the range and complexity of skills that can be learned and the degree of abstraction that can be achieved compared with those of other species. Homo sapiens is also the only species that has developed formal ways to enhance learning: teachers, schools, and curricula. Human infants have an intense interest in people and their behavior and possess powerful implicit learning mechanisms that are affected by social interaction. Neuroscientists are beginning to understand the brain mechanisms underlying learning and how shared brain systems for perception and action support social learning. Machine learning algorithms are being developed that allow robots and computers to learn autonomously. New insights from many different fields are converging to create a new science of learning that may transform educational practices.
Chronic plus binge ethanol feeding synergistically induces neutrophil infiltration and liver injury in mice: A critical role for E‐selectin

Chronic plus binge ethanol feeding acts synergistically to induce liver injury in mice, but the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, we show that chronic plus binge ethanol feeding synergistically up‐regulated the hepatic expression of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha and induced neutrophil accumulation in the liver, compared with chronic or binge feeding alone. In vivo depletion of neutrophils through administration of an anti‐Ly6G antibody markedly reduced chronic‐binge ethanol feeding‐induced liver injury. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that hepatic E‐selectin expression was up‐regulated 10‐fold, whereas expression of other neutrophil infiltration‐related adhesion molecules (e.g., P‐selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) was slightly up‐ or down‐regulated in this chronic‐binge model. The genetic deletion of E‐selectin prevented chronic‐binge ethanol‐induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration as well as elevation of serum transaminases without affecting ethanol‐induced steatosis. In addition, E‐selectin‐deficient mice showed reduced hepatic expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, compared to wild‐type mice, after chronic‐binge ethanol feeding. Finally, the expression of E‐selectin was highly up‐regulated in human alcoholic fatty livers, but not in alcoholic cirrhosis. Conclusions: Chronic‐binge ethanol feeding up‐regulates expression of proinflammatory cytokines, followed by the induction of E‐selectin. Elevated E‐selectin plays an important role in hepatic neutrophil infiltration and injury induced by chronic‐binge feeding in mice and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of early stages of human alcoholic liver disease. (Hepatology 2013;58:1814–1823)
The negative impact of female donor/male recipient combination in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depends on disease risk

Optimal donor selection is one of the key factors to enhance the success rate of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The effect of sex mismatch, especially the effect of Y chromosome mismatch in graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) direction (female donors to male recipients: denoted as FtoM mismatch) on overall survival (OS) has been controversial and not examined out of the patient population in Western countries. We retrospectively analyzed 225 cases of allogeneic HSCT and showed that FtoM mismatch confers a highly significant impact on OS (P < 0.005) in Japanese population. We demonstrated that this effect depends on the disease risk; for standard risk cases, this effect was significantly associated with poor outcome (for OS, P = 0.021), while for high risk cases, it had no effect on the results (for OS, P = 0.26). We further showed that FtoM mismatch was associated with nonrelapse mortality (P = 0.019) and most of them were GVHD‐related in standard risk cases. In conclusion, FtoM mismatch has a significant impact on transplant outcome, especially in standard risk cases.
Drastically reducing circular birefringence induced depolarization in pre-temperature compensation design in high power Faraday isolators

A new Pre-Temperature compensation design of Faraday isolators is proposed, for the first time to our knowledge. And depolarization induced by linear birefringence and circular birefringence in this kind of Faraday Isolator is investigated. For compare, depolarization in conventional Faraday isolators is also given. The results show that depolarization induced by linear birefringence has no difference between conventional design and compensation design of isolators, and depolarization induced by circular birefringence in Pre-Temperature compensation design is greatly reduced, which becomes beam-radius-independent, and can be neglected when compared to depolarization induced by linear birefringence.
Identification of Transport-critical Residues in a Folate Transporter from the Folate-Biopterin Transporter (FBT) Family*

The Synechocystis Slr0642 protein and its plastidial Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog At2g32040 belong to the folate-biopterin transporter (FBT) family within the major facilitator superfamily. Both proteins transport folates when expressed in Escherichia coli. Because the structural requirements for transport activity are not known for any FBT protein, we applied mutational analysis to identify residues that are critical to transport and interpreted the results using a comparative structural model based on E. coli lactose permease. Folate transport was assessed via the growth of an E. coli pabA abgT strain, which cannot synthesize or take up folates or p-aminobenzoylglutamate. In total, 47 residues were replaced with Cys or Ala. Mutations at 22 positions abolished folate uptake without affecting Slr0642 expression in membranes, whereas other mutations had no effect. Residues important for function mostly line the predicted central cavity and are concentrated in the core α-helices H1, H4, H7, and H10. The essential residue locations are consistent with a folate-binding site lying roughly equidistant from both faces of the transporter. Arabidopsis has eight FBT proteins besides At2g32040, often lacking conserved critical residues. When six of these proteins were expressed in E. coli or in Leishmania folate or pterin transporter mutants, none showed evidence of folate or pterin transport activity, and only At2g32040 was isolated by functional screening of Arabidopsis cDNA libraries in E. coli. Such negative data could reflect roles in transport of other substrates. These studies provide the first insights into the native structure and catalytic mechanism of FBT family carriers.
Transcriptome for Photobiological Hydrogen Production Induced by Sulfur Deprivation in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ABSTRACT Photobiological hydrogen production using microalgae is being developed into a promising clean fuel stream for the future. In this study, microarray analyses were used to obtain global expression profiles of mRNA abundance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at different time points before the onset and during the course of sulfur-depleted hydrogen production. These studies were followed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and protein analyses. The present work provides new insights into photosynthesis, sulfur acquisition strategies, and carbon metabolism-related gene expression during sulfur-induced hydrogen production. A general trend toward repression of transcripts encoding photosynthetic genes was observed. In contrast to all other LHCBM genes, the abundance of the LHCBM9 transcript (encoding a major light-harvesting polypeptide) and its protein was strongly elevated throughout the experiment. This suggests a major remodeling of the photosystem II light-harvesting complex as well as an important function of LHCBM9 under sulfur starvation and photobiological hydrogen production. This paper presents the first global transcriptional analysis of C. reinhardtii before, during, and after photobiological hydrogen production under sulfur deprivation.
Usability evaluation guidelines for business intelligence applications

Business Intelligence (BI) applications provide business information and drive decision support. To derive maximum benefit from BI applications, the applications need to be used optimally. Optimal use depends on various factors including the usability of the product. The documented need for BI usability research together with the practical need for BI evaluation guidelines provides the rationale for this study. The purpose of the study was to investigate the usability evaluation of BI applications in the context of a coal mining organisation. In a mining environment companies need to derive maximum benefit from BI applications, therefore these applications need to be used optimally and that places the focus on usability. The research is guided by the question: What criteria should be used to evaluate the usability of BI applications. The research design included user observation, heuristic evaluation and a survey. Based on observations made during user support on a BI application used at a coal mining organisation a log of usability issues was compiled. The usability criteria extracted from this log was compared and contrasted with general usability criteria from literature to synthesize an initial set of BI usability evaluation criteria. These criteria were used as the basis for a heuristic evaluation of the BI application used at the coal mining organisation. The same BI application was also evaluated using the Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI) standardised questionnaire. The results from the two evaluations were triangulated to provide a validated and refined set of criteria. The main contribution of the study is the usability evaluation criteria for BI applications presented as guidelines. These guidelines deviate from existing evaluation guidelines in the emphasis on information architecture, data quality and learnability.
Wt1 and Epicardial Fate Mapping

Rationale: The embryonic epicardium is a crucial cell source of the cardiac fibrous skeleton as well as of the coronary system. Genetic lineage tracing systems based on Wt1 regulatory sequences provided evidence that epicardium-derived cells also adopt a myocardial fate in the mouse. Objective: To define the adequacy of Wt1-based lineage tracing systems for epicardial fate mapping. Methods and Results: Using in situ hybridization analysis and immunofluorescence on tissue sections, we detected endogenous expression of Wt1 mRNA and Wt1 protein in the proepicardium and epicardium and also in endothelial cells throughout cardiogenesis. Expression analysis of a sensitive GFP reporter showed that recombination mediated by cre recombinase in the Wt1creEGFP line occurs randomly and sporadically in all cells of the embryo. Recombination in cardiomyocytes was found in the linear heart tube before establishment of a (pro)epicardium. In contrast, the tamoxifen-inducible Wt1creERT2 mouse line mediated poor and variable recombination in the epicardium. Recombination in cardiomyocytes was not detected in this case. Conclusions: Frequently used Wt1 based cre-mediated lineage tracing systems are not suitable for epicardial fate mapping because of endogenous endothelial expression of Wt1, ectopic recombination (Wt1creEGFP), and poor recombination efficiency (Wt1creERT2) in the developing heart. We conclude that claims of a cardiomyocyte fate of epicardial cells in the mouse are not substantiated.
CREB-binding Protein/p300 Co-activation of Crystallin Gene Expression*

Although some of the transcription factors that are required for expression of crystallins during lens development have been identified, the molecular interactions that contribute to enhanced crystallin expression are not yet well defined. In this study, we designed experiments to test whether the co-activators CREB-binding protein (CBP) and/or p300 interact with c-Maf, Prox-1, or Sox-1 to enhance transcription of crystallin genes. Promoter regions from the mouse αA-, βB2-, and γF-crystallin genes were linked to a luciferase reporter. Expression of c-Maf transactivated each of these promoters. Of particular interest, co-expression of CBP or p300 with c-Maf was found to synergistically co-activate each promoter. CBP and p300 were less effective or ineffective at co-activation with Prox-1 or Sox-1. Co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid experiments revealed that CBP and p300 bind to c-Maf and Prox-1 but not to Sox-1. The co-activation of c-Maf by CBP/p300 requires histone acetyltransferase activity. Our results suggest that c-Maf recruits CBP and/or p300 to crystallin promoters leading to up-regulation of crystallin gene expression through localized histone acetylation and consequent chromatin re-modeling. In a promoter-specific fashion, co-activation can be modulated by Prox-1 and/or Sox-1. This modulation may help to specify the endogenous levels of crystallin gene expression.
Formation of Regular Hexagonal Dislocation Network in Chemical-Furnace Sintered Alumina

Polycrystalline alumina was prepared at high temperature and high pressure from combustion reaction plus mechanical pressure. The defect structure in the sintered alumina was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a regular hexagonal dislocation network was found. Diffraction contrast technique revealed that the regular hexagonal network on the (0001) plane was composed of three dislocations with Burgers vectors: 1/3[1210], 1/3[ 2110] and 1/3[1120]. The formation process of dislocation network was discussed.
Wavelet-based feature extraction for classification of epileptic seizure EEG signal

Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal-processing techniques are the prominent role in the detection and prediction of epileptic seizures. The detection of epileptic activity is cumbersome and needs a detailed analysis of the EEG data. Therefore, an efficient method for classifying EEG data is required. In this work, a constructive pattern recognition strategy for analysing EEG data as normal and epileptic seizure has been proposed. With this strategy, the signals were decomposed into frequency sub-bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) are applied to reduce the dimensionality of EEG data. These reduced features were used as input to Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbour Classifier to classify normal or epileptic seizure signal. The performance of classifier was evaluated in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The experimental results show that PCA with Naïve Bayes classifier provides 98.6% accuracy and LDA with Naïve Bayes classifier attains improved result of 99.8% accuracy. Also, the result shows that PCA, LDA with K-NN achieves 98.5% and 100% accuracy. This evaluation is used to propose a reliable, practical epilepsy detection method to enhance the patient’s care and quality of life.
Structural basis for receptor specificity of influenza B virus hemagglutinin

Receptor-binding specificity of HA, the major surface glycoprotein of influenza virus, primarily determines the host ranges that the virus can infect. Influenza type B virus almost exclusively infects humans and contributes to the annual “flu” sickness. Here we report the structures of influenza B virus HA in complex with human and avian receptor analogs, respectively. These structures provide a structural basis for the different receptor-binding properties of influenza A and B virus HA molecules and for the ability of influenza B virus HA to distinguish human and avian receptors. The structure of influenza B virus HA with avian receptor analog also reveals how mutations in the region of residues 194 to 196, which are frequently observed in egg-adapted and naturally occurring variants, directly affect the receptor binding of the resultant virus strains. Furthermore, these structures of influenza B virus HA are compared with known structures of influenza A virus HAs, which suggests the role of the residue at 222 as a key and likely a universal determinant for the different binding modes of human receptor analogs by different HA molecules.
What You See Is What You Get? Exclusion Performances in Ravens and Keas

Background Among birds, corvids and parrots are prime candidates for advanced cognitive abilities. Still, hardly anything is known about cognitive similarities and dissimilarities between them. Recently, exclusion has gained increasing interest in comparative cognition. To select the correct option in an exclusion task, one option has to be rejected (or excluded) and the correct option may be inferred, which raises the possibility that causal understanding is involved. However, little is yet known about its evolutionary history, as only few species, and mainly mammals, have been studied. Methodology/Principal Findings We tested ravens and keas in a choice task requiring the search for food in two differently shaped tubes. We provided the birds with partial information about the content of one of the two tubes and asked whether they could use this information to infer the location of the hidden food and adjust their searching behaviour accordingly. Additionally, this setup allowed us to investigate whether the birds would appreciate the impact of the shape of the tubes on the visibility of food. The keas chose the baited tube more often than the ravens. However, the ravens applied the more efficient strategy, choosing by exclusion more frequently than the keas. An additional experiment confirmed this, indicating that ravens and keas either differ in their cognitive skills or that they apply them differently. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that corvids and parrots may perform differently in cognitive tasks, highlighting the potential impact of different selection pressures on the cognitive evolution of these large-brained birds.