Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Qo site of cytochrome b6f complexes controls the activation of the LHCII kinase

We created a Qo pocket mutant by site‐directed mutagenesis of the chloroplast petD gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We mutated the conserved PEWY sequence in the EF loop of subunit IV into PWYE. The pwye mutant did not grow in phototrophic conditions although it assembled wild‐type levels of cytochrome b6f complexes. We demonstrated a complete block in electron transfer through the cytochrome b6f complex and a loss of plastoquinol binding at Qo. The accumulation of cytochrome b6f complexes lacking affinity for plastoquinol enabled us to investigate the role of plastoquinol binding at Qo in the activation of the light‐harvesting complex II (LHCII) kinase during state transitions. We detected no fluorescence quenching at room temperature in state II conditions relative to that in state I. The quantum yield spectrum of photosystem I charge separation in the two state conditions displayed a trough in the absorption region of the major chlorophyll a/b proteins, demonstrating that the cells remained locked in state I. 33Pi labeling of the phosphoproteins in vivo demonstrated that the antenna proteins remained poorly phosphorylated in both state conditions. Thus, the absence of state transitions in the pwye mutant demonstrates directly that plastoquinol binding in the Qo pocket is required for LHCII kinase activation.
Learning in Autonomous Robots: A Summary of the 1996 Robolearn Workshop

1 Learning takes place when the system makes changes to its internal structure so as to improve some metric on its long-term future performance, as measured by a xed standard 3]. Let us take \learning" to mean, roughly, the improvement of a system's behavior by making it more appropriate for the environment in which it is embedded 2].
Design-analysis centric method for creating sustainable, stable, complex systems

A software engineering methodology for creating and implementing complex software and hardware systems that results in more functionality, greater stability and maintainability, in less time than developing with traditional methodologies is described. This methodology combines aspects of iterative and non-iterative methods to define a new approach to software engineering that minimizes risk to cost and time overruns. This approach departs from its traditional precursors in its greatly extended requirements gathering and design phases and the change in mindset needed by non-developers who are not intimate with the software implementation process. This design approach has been met with great success for many years by the author, and most recently has been used to create the Rhode Island Department of Transportation's (RIDOT) 'Project Management Portal', which is a suite of online software services that track the life cycle of /spl Aring/ in highway, bridge and traffic construction projects.
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity, Elasticity, and Composition in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Atherosclerosis

Aortic pulse wave velocity was determined in Macaca fascicularis monkeys fed either atherogenic or control diets for 36 months. The foot-to-foot velocity and apparent phase velocities of the second through seventh Fourier harmonics at a given diastolic pressure in the atherosclerotic monkeys were 1.5 to 2.0 times the values for the control animals. More than 80% of the aortic intimal surface of the atherosclerotic monkeys was covered with fibrous or fatty plaque, which approximately doubled wall thickness and wall thickness to radius ratio. Angiochemical evaluations showed no difference in collagen or elastin concentration (as a fraction of lipid and mineral-free dried aorta), but the atherosclerotic aortas were 1.5 to 2.0 times that of control in collagen and elastin content (defined as the absolute quantity beneath a square centimeter of intimal surface). Total cholesterol and calcium concentrations in the atherosclerotic aortas were more than 10 times the values for the control aortas. The static circumferential distensibility of the excised atherosclerotic aortas was significantly less than control, but there was no difference in incremental (Young's) modulus of elasticity. The in vitro pressure-strain elastic modulus of the atherosclerotic aortas was more than twice that of control, which was predicted from the enhanced wave velocity. The significantly increased stiffness of the atherosclerotic arteries appeared to be due mainly to the increased wall thickness caused by the atherosclerotic plaques rather than to material changes described by Young's modulus. Extensive medial damage, however, also was present and could have had a major influence on stiffness. Atherosclerosis therefore can result in increased aortic stiffening, detectable by pulse wave velocity, even if there is no change in the overall Young's modulus of elasticity.
Cisplatin Induces Overactivation of the Dormant Primordial Follicle through PTEN/AKT/FOXO3a Pathway which Leads to Loss of Ovarian Reserve in Mice

Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian cancer that acts by promoting DNA cross links and adduct. However drug resistance and considerable side effects including reproductive toxicity remain a significant challenge. PTEN is well known as a tumor suppressor function which plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis and development of cancer. At the same time PTEN has been revealed to be critically important for the maintenance of the primordial follicle pool. In this study, we investigated the role of PTEN/Akt/FOXO3 pathway in cisplatin-induced primordial follicle depletion. Cisplatin induced ovarian failure mouse model was used to evaluate how this pathway involves. In vitro maturation was used for oocyte rescue after cisplatin damage. We found that cisplatin treatment decreased PTEN levels, leading to a subsequent increase in the phosphorylation of key molecules in the pathway. The activation of the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3 pathway cascade increased cytoplasmic translocation of FOXO3a in cisplatin-treated follicles, which in turn increased the pool size of growing follicles, and rapidly depleted the number of dormant follicles. Once activated, the follicles were more prone to apoptosis, and their cumulus cells showed a loss of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor expression, which leads to failure during final maturation and ovulation. In vitro maturation to rescue oocytes in a cisplatin-treated mouse model resulted in successful maturation and fertilization. This study is the first to show the involvement of the PTEN/Akt/FOXO3 pathway in premature ovarian failure after cisplatin treatment and the possibility of rescue through in vitro maturation.
Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet

eaarth by bill mckibben praise for eaarth with clarity eloquence deep knowledge and even deeper compassion for both planet and people bill mckibben guides us to the brink of a new, official site for bill mckibben author educator official website for bill mckibben author educator environmentalist and co founder of 350 org includes full information on all his books including falter oil, resurgence author suzi gablik all articles lost chances suzi gablik issue 262 september october 2010 embodied wisdom reviews review of eaarth making life on a tough new planet by, powell s books the world s largest independent bookstore shop new used rare and out of print books powell s is an independent bookstore based in portland oregon browse staff picks author features and more, 100 great narrative nonfiction books typewriter the new kings of nonfiction by ira glass a bulletproof collection of narrative nonfiction from the 90s and 00s a supposedly fun thing i ll never do again and, list of environmental books wikipedia this page is a list of environmental books in this context they are notable books that describe as a major theme the effects of human activity on the environment, orion magazine confessions of a recovering environmentalist scenes from a younger life 1 i am twelve years old i am alone i am scared i am cold and i am crying my eyes out i can t see more than six, econom a del estado estacionario wikipedia la la econom a del estado estacionario de equilibrio din mico desse es una teor a econ mica propuesta por herman daly en la que se plantea la existencia de un, petr leo wikip dia a enciclop dia livre petr leo do latim petroleum petrus pedra e oleum leo do grego petr laion leo da pedra do grego antigo petra, david mackay frs contents for anyone with influence on energy policy whether in government business or a campaign group this book should be compulsory reading tony juniper, book tv series c span org watch book tv full episodes clips and more
Implementation architectures for natural language generation

Generic software architectures aim to support re-use of components, focusing of research and development effort, and evaluation and comparison of approaches. In the field of natural language processing, generic frameworks for understanding have been successfully deployed to meet all of these aims, but nothing comparable yet exists for generation. The nature of the task itself, and the current methodologies available to research it, seem to make it more difficult to reach the necessary level of consensus to support generic proposals. Recent work has made progress towards establishing a generic framework for generation at the functional level, but left open the issue of actual implementation. In this paper, we discuss the requirements for such an implementation layer for generation systems, drawing on two initial attempts to implement it. We argue that it is possible and useful to distinguish “functional architecture” from “implementation architecture” for generation systems.
Economies of Scale and Food Consumption: a Reappraisal of the Deaton-Paxson Paradox

The paradoxical negative relation between food consumption and the family size analyzed by Deaton and Paxson (1998) is discussed and evaluated on a household consumption panel. This negative relation is confirmed using panel data but weakens considerably when an equivalence scale instead of family size is used and when the change of the family structure over time is taken into account.
Understanding Engagement in MOOCs

Previous studies about engagement in MOOCs has focused primarily on behavioral engagement and less attention has been paid to cognitive engagement. This may lead to incomplete or even incorrect understandings about students experience and learning in MOOCs. In this study, we use number of lectures watched as a proxy for behavioral engagement and number of pauses in lectures watched as a proxy for cognitive engagement. Results show that a large proportion of students who were behaviorally engaged (watching lectures) were not cognitively engaged—they almost never paused the lectures or they paused fewer and fewer times as the course went on. This may indicate that being behaviorally engaged does not necessarily mean being cognitively engaged. In addition, we also found that students’ number of pauses in lectures is positively associated with achievement and improves the prediction of achievement.
Outdoor Adventure Programming for Individuals With Cognitive Disabilities Who Present Serious Accommodation Challenges

An outdoor adventure program was offered to 23 individuals with cognitive disabilities who presented serious accommodation challenges. Participants were accompanied by 23 support personnel, many of whom were group home staff, providing the capability of pair-wise response agreement. Assessment of outdoor recreation skills was done through a questionnaire on a pre-post basis; trip satisfaction was assessed through a post-trip questionnaire; and social/socialization development was assessed with a follow-up interview. Findings revealed that participants' outdoor skills, level of satisfaction and social/socialization abilities generally increased as a result of the outdoor experience. A set of programmatic strategies are offered as a means of supporting the participation of persons with cognitive disabilities who present serious accommodation challenges in an outdoor adventure program.
An Algorithm of Static Load Balance Based on Topology for MPLS Traffic Engineering

Aimed to the limitations of traditional routing algorithms and to perfect MPLS application in the domain of load balance, an algorithm of static load balance based on topology is designed in this dissertation. When the shortest path is congested in the network, the algorithm is used to find a low load sub-shortest path for the congestion path based on the bandwidth occupied situation and the topology. By using MATLAB to simulate the algorithms and compared with traditional algorithm, this algorithm can better ease the network congestion problems because of unbalanced allocation of network resource
Non-Abelian tensor gauge fields and extended current algebra. Generalization of Yang-Mills theory

We suggest an infinite-dimensional extension of the gauge transformations which includes non-Abelian tensor gauge fields. Extended gauge transformations of non-Abelian tensor gauge fields form a new large group which has natural geometrical interpretation it terms of extended current algebra associated with compact Lie group. We shall demonstrate that one can construct two infinite series of gauge invariant quadratic forms, so that a linear combination of them comprises the general Lagrangian. The general Lagrangian exhibits enhanced local gauge invariants with double number of gauge parameters and allows to eliminate all negative norm states of the nonsymmetric second-rank tensor gauge field. Therefore it describes two polarizations of helicity-two and helicity-zero massless charged tensor gauge bosons.
Planning Sustainable Partnerships for Entrepreneurial Ventures in Professional Service Firms （PSFs）

This paper starts by providing extensive literature review on entrepreneurship, starting from how to define it, to its macro-economical impact, to the different stages of entrepreneurial start-ups. The literature goes further in the resources needed to make such entrepreneurial ventures successful, and analyzes different agency problems that can arise between the entrepreneur and other financial investors. The paper is based on two case studies of newventures in professional service firms (PSFs) analyzing the partnership mechanisms between the entrepreneur and other financial investors, highlighting potential problems that arise in real life, how to mitigate them. One of the case studies had the luck of fixing such partnership, leading to the satisfaction of all stakeholders and the creation of a sustainable entrepreneurial venture, while the other case study faced similar problems leading it to bankruptcy.
Learning How to Teach or Selecting Minimal Surface Data

Learning a map from an input set to an output set is similar to the problem of reconstructing hypersurfaces from sparse data (Poggio and Girosi, 1990). In this framework, we discuss the problem of automatically selecting "minimal" surface data. The objective is to be able to approximately reconstruct the surface from the selected sparse data. We show that this problem is equivalent to the one of compressing information by data removal and the one of learning how to teach. Our key step is to introduce a process that statistically selects the data according to the model. During the process of data selection (learning how to teach) our system (teacher) is capable of predicting the new surface, the approximated one provided by the selected data. We concentrate on piecewise smooth surfaces, e.g. images, and use mean field techniques to obtain a deterministic network that is shown to compress image data.
Performance Analysis of Merged p-i-n–Schottky Diodes With Doping Compensation of the Drift Region

In this paper, standard-cell Schottky rectifiers along with silicon-based merged p-i-n-Schottky (MPS) and p-i-n diodes, which are realized using a super junction technology, have been analyzed and compared by conducting extensive device and mixed-mode simulations through a 2-D finite-element grid. The main issues that concern these devices, such as the forward voltage drop, the leakage characteristic, and the reverse recovery, are treated, and the superior performances exhibited by the MPS rectifier with respect to the p-i-n diodes are experimentally validated. First, the basics on the used technology are reported by focusing on the high voltage capability of the new devices along with the low forward voltage drop during the on -state conduction. The reverse-recovery behavior belonging to the MPS diode has been analyzed by exploring through several simulations the internal plasma dynamics. 2-D simulations of the turn-on behavior relative to the Schottky, p-i-n, and MPS rectifiers have been carried out in order to analyze the effects of the voltage overshoot phenomenon eventually occurring in the three diode structures
Association of functional polymorphisms of the human tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene with risk for bipolar disorder in Han Chinese.

CONTEXT The tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene encodes the first (also the rate-limiting) enzyme in the serotonin biosynthetic pathway. Despite reports of possible associations between polymorphisms in human TPH2 and many psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (BPD), the functional effect and susceptibility loci of such polymorphisms for BPD have not yet been identified. OBJECTIVES To examine the association of TPH2 with BPD and to identify the functional variants that may be involved in the pathophysiological development of BPD. Design, Setting, and Patients We systematically screened all exons and promoters of the TPH2 gene in Han Chinese subjects to identify sequence variants. Association tests were conducted in 105 cases and 106 control subjects using single-locus, linkage disequilibrium, and haplotype analyses. Two promoter and one exon 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were examined for their functional role using a reporter gene system and enzyme activity assay, respectively. Additional statistical analysis was performed to study the interaction between the 2 TPH genes in 205 study participants with TPH1 and TPH2 genotype data. RESULTS Significant haplotype association of TPH2 polymorphisms and BPD was identified (P < .001). In addition, allelic alteration of polymorphisms in the promoter region and exon 2 of TPH2 caused noteworthy functional losses in promoter and enzyme activities, respectively, indicating the potential susceptibility loci for BPD. We found that the odds ratio changed from 3.73 of the TAG haplotype to 4.81 or 1.68, depending on the combined effect of both TPH genotypes. These data suggested an interaction between the 2 TPH genes to confer a risk for BPD. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the involvement of TPH2 in the etiology of BPD, and the functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified herein might be the susceptibility loci for BPD. Although the interaction between the 2 TPH genes merits further investigation, our findings suggest that the interactive effect should be considered in future studies of serotonin-related disorders.
Compressed Imaging With a Separable Sensing Operator

Compressive imaging (CI) is a natural branch of compressed sensing (CS). Although a number of CI implementations have started to appear, the design of efficient CI system still remains a challenging problem. One of the main difficulties in implementing CI is that it involves huge amounts of data, which has far-reaching implications for the complexity of the optical design, calibration, data storage and computational burden. In this paper, we solve these problems by using a two-dimensional separable sensing operator. By so doing, we reduce the complexity by factor of 106 for megapixel images. We show that applying this method requires only a reasonable amount of additional samples.
Discrete photonics: Shaping inhomogeneous waveguide arrays to control guided light on chip - “guidonics”

We show that elegant and inspiring photonics can be achieved in inhomogeneous waveguide arrays. We engineer light flow in waveguide arrays via patterning the coupling strength between waveguides which is key for light distribution within the discrete metamaterial. Applications range from multiport beam-steering discrete analogues of reflection and refraction for Bloch waves to a threshold-less all-optical transistor. We demonstrate an extensive theoretical toolbox for the design of functionalized inhomogeneous waveguide arrays and exemplify the expected effects on InP semiconductor based structures.
Performance of Risk-Based Criteria for Targeting Acute HIV Screening in San Francisco

Background Federal guidelines now recommend supplemental HIV RNA testing for persons at high risk for acute HIV infection. However, many rapid HIV testing sites do not include HIV RNA or p24 antigen testing due to concerns about cost, the need for results follow-up, and the impact of expanded venipuncture on clinic flow. We developed criteria to identify patients in a municipal STD clinic in San Francisco who are asymptomatic but may still be likely to have acute infection. Methods Data were from patients tested with serial HIV antibody and HIV RNA tests to identify acute HIV infection. BED-CEIA results were used to classify non-acute cases as recent or longstanding. Demographics and self-reported risk behaviors were collected at time of testing. Multivariate models were developed and preliminarily evaluated using predictors associated with recent infection in bivariate analyses as a proxy for acute HIV infection. Multivariate models demonstrating ≥70% sensitivity for recent infection while testing ≤60% of patients in this development dataset were then validated by determining their performance in identifying acute infections. Results From 2004–2007, 137 of 12,622 testers had recent and 36 had acute infections. A model limiting acute HIV screening to MSM plus any one of a series of other predictors resulted in a sensitivity of 83.3% and only 47.6% of patients requiring testing. A single-factor model testing only patients reporting any receptive anal intercourse resulted in 88.9% sensitivity with only 55.2% of patients requiring testing. Conclusions In similar high risk HIV testing sites, acute screening using “supplemental” HIV p24 antigen or RNA tests can be rationally targeted to testers who report particular HIV risk behaviors. By improving the efficiency of acute HIV testing, such criteria could facilitate expanded acute case identification.
The FINS Framework: Design and Implementation of the Flexible Internetwork Stack (FINS) Framework

This paper describes the Flexible Internetwork Stack (FINS) Framework, an open-source tool to enable implementation-based experimental research in computer networking. The FINS Framework uses a module-based architecture that allows cross-layer behavior and runtime reconfiguration of the protocol stack. The FINS Framework is general enough to enable experimental setups under various network architectures (e.g., MANET, infrastructure, mesh) and to accelerate prototyping solutions for evolving areas (e.g., cognitive networks, cross-layer design, context-aware applications). Version 1.0 of the framework makes use of existing physical and data link layer functionality, while enabling modifications to the stack at the network layer and above, or even the implementation of a clean-slate, non-layered protocol architecture. Protocols, stubs for communicating with intact layers, and management and supervisory functions are implemented as FINS Framework modules, interconnected by a central switch. This paper describes the FINS Framework architecture, presents an initial assessment along with experiments enabled by the tool, and documents an intuitive mechanism for transparently intercepting socket calls that maintains efficiency and flexibility. Performance testing shows that the FINS Framework is capable of supporting experiments requiring IEEE 802.11g hardware speeds and operating in varying networking architecture and experimental scenarios on both Ubuntu laptops and Android devices.