Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying organic aerosol sources by comparing functional group composition in chamber and atmospheric particles

Measurements of submicron particles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in 14 campaigns in North America, Asia, South America, and Europe were used to identify characteristic organic functional group compositions of fuel combustion, terrestrial vegetation, and ocean bubble bursting sources, each of which often accounts for more than a third of organic mass (OM), and some of which is secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from gas-phase precursors. The majority of the OM consists of alkane, carboxylic acid, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups. The organic functional groups formed from combustion and vegetation emissions are similar to the secondary products identified in chamber studies. The near absence of carbonyl groups in the observed SOA associated with combustion is consistent with alkane rather than aromatic precursors, and the absence of organonitrate groups can be explained by their hydrolysis in humid ambient conditions. The remote forest observations have ratios of carboxylic acid, organic hydroxyl, and nonacid carbonyl groups similar to those observed for isoprene and monoterpene chamber studies, but in biogenic aerosols transported downwind of urban areas the formation of esters replaces the acid and hydroxyl groups and leaves only nonacid carbonyl groups. The carbonyl groups in SOA associated with vegetation emissions provides striking evidence for the mechanism of esterification as the pathway for possible oligomerization reactions in the atmosphere. Forest fires include biogenic emissions that produce SOA with organic components similar to isoprene and monoterpene chamber studies, also resulting in nonacid carbonyl groups in SOA.
Melatonin fails to improve sleep or agitation in double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of institutionalized patients with Alzheimer disease.

OBJECTIVES Patients with Alzheimer dementia often display both agitated behavior and poor sleep. Given that the disease is often associated with low endogenous levels of melatonin, exogenous melatonin administration may lead to improvements in sleep and agitation. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING Nursing homes in San Diego, CA, metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Subjects were patients with probable Alzheimer disease. INTERVENTION Melatonin (8.5 mg immediate release and 1.5 mg sustained release) (N = 24) or placebo (N = 17) administered at 10:00 P.M. for 10 consecutive nights. The protocol consisted of baseline (3 days), treatment (10 days), and posttreatment (5 days) phases. MEASUREMENTS Sleep was measured continuously using actigraphy. Agitation was rated using both the Agitated Behavior Rating Scale and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Treatment effects were examined both across the 24-hr day and separately by nursing shift. RESULTS There were no significant effects of melatonin, compared with placebo, on sleep, circadian rhythms, or agitation. CONCLUSION : This study failed to find a beneficial effect of exogenous melatonin, consistent with a number of other studies. The lack of efficacy may be related to the absence of a true treatment effect or to the superphysiologic dose of melatonin used.
Regressive Judgment

In the context of research on human judgment, regression is commonly treated as an artifact or an unwanted consequence of ill-controlled research designs. We argue that this negative image is undeserved. Regression affords not only an enlightening statistical construct but also a theoretical construct that can inspire novel research. It offers alternative accounts for a variety of well-known judgment biases, and it has inspired novel predictions of previously unknown biases. While all judgments that are less than perfectly correlated with a conditional variable must be regressive, systematic biases arise when different judgment targets are subject to unequally strong regression effects. This occurs when the information given about different targets varies in statistical uncertainty or extremity, the two determinants of regression. We illustrate the explanatory power of the regression construct for judgment biases in three paradigms: frequency estimations, performance evaluations, and illusory correlations. Because regression is a universal property of the empirical world, explanations of biases in terms of cognitive or motivational biases are insufficient and incomplete if the impact of regression is not taken into account.
Relaxed Molecular Clock Provides Evidence for Long-Distance Dispersal of Nothofagus (Southern Beech)

Nothofagus (southern beech), with an 80-million-year-old fossil record, has become iconic as a plant genus whose ancient Gondwanan relationships reach back into the Cretaceous era. Closely associated with Wegener's theory of “Kontinentaldrift”, Nothofagus has been regarded as the “key genus in plant biogeography”. This paradigm has the New Zealand species as passengers on a Moa's Ark that rafted away from other landmasses following the breakup of Gondwana. An alternative explanation for the current transoceanic distribution of species seems almost inconceivable given that Nothofagus seeds are generally thought to be poorly suited for dispersal across large distances or oceans. Here we test the Moa's Ark hypothesis using relaxed molecular clock methods in the analysis of a 7.2-kb fragment of the chloroplast genome. Our analyses provide the first unequivocal molecular clock evidence that, whilst some Nothofagus transoceanic distributions are consistent with vicariance, trans-Tasman Sea distributions can only be explained by long-distance dispersal. Thus, our analyses support the interpretation of an absence of Lophozonia and Fuscospora pollen types in the New Zealand Cretaceous fossil record as evidence for Tertiary dispersals of Nothofagus to New Zealand. Our findings contradict those from recent cladistic analyses of biogeographic data that have concluded transoceanic Nothofagus distributions can only be explained by vicariance events and subsequent extinction. They indicate that the biogeographic history of Nothofagus is more complex than envisaged under opposing polarised views expressed in the ongoing controversy over the relevance of dispersal and vicariance for explaining plant biodiversity. They provide motivation and justification for developing more complex hypotheses that seek to explain the origins of Southern Hemisphere biota.
CE: The Potential Effects of Sleep Loss on a Nurse's Health

OVERVIEWWhile much has been written about the effects of extended work hours on quality of nursing care, nurse burnout, and job attrition, the potential adverse effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on the overall health and well-being of nurses has received little attention. The author describes the acute and chronic effects of sleep loss on nurses, strategies nurses can use to increase the quantity and quality of their sleep, and institutional policies that can promote adequate rest and recuperation between work shifts for nursing staff.
To Die or Not to Die: Zhuangzi’s Three Immortalities

While it is known that the problem of death is a central topic animating the author/s of the Inner Chapters of the Zhuangzi , leading Chinese and Western interpretations of this Chinese classic have usually focused much more on other themes and aspects. Even more problematic in the author’s view is the fact that the Zhuangzi has been closely associated with one death philosophy, the set of concepts, arguments and figures present in chapter 6. This study puts death back at the very center of the Zhuangzian philosophical project yet insisting at the same time on the difficulties of defending one philosophy of death since different passages introduce new concepts, imagery, nuances and perspectives. The Zhuangzi ’s focus on death is being situated within a discussion of the “immortality” ideal––accepting a total death (“to die”) or find refuge in immortality ideals (“not to die”). Different passages from the Inner Chapters are being presented as proposing three distinct immortality projects or strategies––personal, social and cosmic––to address the problem of death. E. Becker’s reflections on the challenge of mortality and the psychological need of a “beyond” in order to cope with the consciousness of death provide the basic theoretical framework underlying the discussion of the Zhuangzi in this essay.
Seroepidemiology of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Infection among the Professional Dental Clinic Staff in Tehran

This seroepidemiologic cross-sectional study was carried out to determining the prevalence of serologic markers of HBV, HCV and HIV among the professional dental clinic personnel and assessing variations across some related factors in Tehran, I.R. of Iran. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate relationships between HBS Ab with age, doses of vaccination and duration after vaccination. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (Ors) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all independent variables. All analyses were carried out using SPSS version 15.0 software. Of total participants, seroprevalence was estimated for protective HBS Ab (90.5%), HBC Ab (2.8%), HBS Ag (0.6%), HCV Ab (0.0%) and for HIV Ab1/2 (0.0%) respectively. Spearman's rank coefficient showed duration after vaccination (r= -0.11) were noted to be correlated with HBS Ab (P<0.014) and not correlated with age(r= -0.06) and doses of vaccination (r=0.19). Logistic regression showed demographic characteristics of participants to be independentlyassociated with odds of having protective HBS Ab. Integration of HCV and HBV counseling into HIV existing prevention services might represent a valuable approach to reach high-risk individuals.
Size and habit of mineral particles in bone and mineralized callus during bone healing in sheep

Bone healing is known to occur through the successive formation and resorption of various tissues with different structural and mechanical properties. To get a better insight into this sequence of events, we used environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) together with scanning small‐angle X‐ray scattering (sSAXS) to reveal the size and orientation of bone mineral particles within the regenerating callus tissues at different healing stages (2, 3, 6, and 9 weeks). Sections of 200 µm were cut from embedded blocks of midshaft tibial samples in a sheep osteotomy model with an external fixator. Regions of interest on the medial side of the proximal fragment were chosen to be the periosteal callus, middle callus, intercortical callus, and cortex. Mean thickness (T parameter), degree of alignment (ρ parameter), and predominant orientation (ψ parameter) of mineral particles were deduced from resulting sSAXS patterns with a spatial resolution of 200 µm. 2D maps of T and ρ overlapping with ESEM images revealed that the callus formation occurred in two waves of bone formation, whereby a highly disordered mineralized tissue was deposited first, followed by a bony tissue with more lamellar appearance in the ESEM and where the mineral particles were more aligned, as revealed by sSAXS. As a consequence, degree of alignment and mineral particle size within the callus increased with healing time, whereas at any given moment there were structural gradients, for example, from periosteal toward the middle callus. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Impact of Design Teams on Preservice Teachers’ TPACK, Attitudes, & Skills

This study examined the effect of a design teams instructional approach on preservice teachers' attitudes toward technology, technology skills, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). In a design teams approach, participants work in collaborative teams to design solutions to real-world problems. This quasi-experimental study explored the efficacy of an educational technology course implemented with a design teams approach compared to the same course utilizing a standard instructional approach. Findings indicated significant differences between the treatment and comparison groups on TPACK when measured with evidence from lesson plans. No significant differences were found between groups on surveymeasured attitudes, technology skills, or TPACK, though both groups had significant growth on these measures. These results suggested that the design teams approach was appropriate for use in preservice teacher technology education, but additional research is necessary to determine in which contexts and with what specific learning outcomes it is most effective.
RealSense: directional interaction for proximate mobile sharing using built-in orientation sensors

We present RealSense, a technology that enables users to easily share media files with proximate users by performing directional gestures on mobile devices. RealSense leverages the natural human group behavior of forming a circle and facing the center of the group. By continuously monitoring the directional heading of each device using only built-in orientation sensors, RealSense can compute the relative direction between all the devices. It simplifies media sharing because users do not need to lookup and specify the user IDs and device IDs of the intended recipients. We first evaluated the feasibility and design of RealSense, including the orientation sensor error and the minimal arc degree for selecting recipients. We then compared RealSense with three other common sharing interactions: 1) linear menu, 2) pie menu, and 3) NFC. Our results show that participants preferred RealSense over other sharing interactions, especially for groups of participants who were unacquainted with each other.
Implementación de un modelo metodológico para la enseñanza del Inglés como lengua extranjera en el Grado de Educación de la E.U. de Educación de Soria (UVA)

This paper reflects on the Bologna Process, the European Higher Education Area and the implications on their actual implementation inside the classroom. The main aim of this paper is to share the experiences in the implementation of the new degree in Education at the School of Education in Soria (Spain). Taking the new educational paradigm as a starting point, we will explain the specific actions carried out in a particular subject: English as a foreign language.
11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency and glucocorticoid status in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic chronic liver disease.

11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta HSD), found predominantly in liver and kidney, is responsible for the shuttling of active cortisol to cortisone. A defect in this shuttle mechanism, e.g. after liquorice ingestion, results in an increase in the ratio of urinary cortisol [tetrahydrocortisol (THF)] to cortisone [tetrahydrocortisone (THE)] metabolites. The plasma cortisol half-life is prolonged, but concentrations remain normal because of a concomitant fall in cortisol production. Alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome is an ill defined cause of Cushing's syndrome. Because many of the documented cases have abnormal liver function tests, we have investigated whether abnormal hepatic 11 beta HSD activity may play a role in the pathogenesis of the condition. Fourteen patients with alcoholic (ALD) and 14 patients with non-alcoholic (CLD) chronic liver disease had marked deficiency of 11 beta HSD [5 alpha-THF + THF/THE: ALD, 1.94 +/- 0.38 (+/- SEM); CLD, 1.82 +/- 0.20] compared to controls (0.94 +/- 0.04; P < 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). In the CLD group, the daily cortisol production rate (as assessed by summation of principal cortisol metabolites) was reduced appropriately [median, 3,510; range, 1,101-8,940 micrograms/24 h; controls, 5,492 (range, 3,818-14,996) micrograms/24 h; P < 0.001], and normal 0900 h plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol levels were maintained. However, in the ALD group, there was no concomitant fall in the cortisol production rate (sum of cortisol metabolites, 5,043 micrograms/24 h; range, 520-27,344). As a consequence, 0900 h plasma cortisol in the ALD group was significantly elevated (633 +/- 52 nmol/L) compared to values in the CLD group (487 +/- 48 nmol/L; P < 0.05) and controls (432 +/- 27 nmol/L; P < 0.001). Our findings of glucocorticoid excess in patients with chronic ALD may indicate that alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome develops as a result of continuing normal cortisol secretion in the face of impaired cortisol metabolism. The latter is mediated by defective hepatic 11 beta HSD activity; the former by either abnormal glucocorticoid feedback or stimulation of cortisol secretion at the level of the hypothalamus/pituitary.
Managing Ambivalent Prejudices

Not all biases are equivalent, and not all biases are uniformly negative. Two fundamental dimensions differentiate stereotyped groups in cultures across the globe: status predicts perceived competence, and cooperation predicts perceived warmth. Crossing the competence and warmth dimensions, two combinations produce ambivalent prejudices: pitied groups (often traditional women or older people) appear warm but incompetent, and envied groups (often nontraditional women or outsider entrepreneurs) appear competent but cold. Case studies in ambivalent sexism, heterosexism, racism, anti-immigrant biases, ageism, and classism illustrate both the dynamics and the management of these complex but knowable prejudices.
Additional Brain Functional Network in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Phase Synchrony Analysis

We develop a method to construct a new type of functional networks by the usage of phase synchrony degree that is different from the widely used Pearson's correlation approach. By a series of very strict statistical tests, we found that there is an additional network in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) subjects, superimposing the original (normal) brain functional network corresponding to healthy controls. The additional network leads to the increase in clustering coefficient, cost, local efficiency, and global efficiency. Our findings are inconsistent with many previous researches (using the Pearson's correlation approach) revealing both increased and decreased functional connections between brain regions and many reports revealing that the brain functional networks of ADHD patients have slow information flow and low global efficiency. We also confirm that the additional network in ADHD subjects contains 6 communities, and three of them are associated with emotional control, sensory information integration, and motor control, respectively. Furthermore, we find that there is a pathway connecting the left insula and left anterior cingular gyrus via the frontal gyrus and putamen in the additional network in ADHD subjects. This implies that due to the pathway connecting brain regions in the salience network, the ADHD patients are more sensitive to external stimuli or internal thoughts and are easier to switch to the executive network and hence harder to inhibit. For clinical diagnostic purposes, we apply the -means clustering method to distinguish ADHD patients with healthy controls at the individual subject level, and obtain a meaningful diagnostic result. More interestingly, we find that the suggested technique using phase synchrony degree to construct functional networks may obtain higher classification accuracy than the method using the Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Ageing and the evolution of female resistance to remating in seed beetles

Female remating behaviour is a key mating system parameter that is predicted to evolve according to the net effect of remating on female fitness. In many taxa, females commonly resist male remating attempts because of the costs of mating. Here, we use replicated populations of the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus selected for either early or late life reproduction and show that ‘Early’ and ‘Late’ females evolved different age-specific rates of remating. Early females were more likely to remate with control males as they aged, while Late females were more resistant to remating later in life. Thus, female remating rate decreases with age when direct selection on late-life fitness is operating and increases when such selection is relaxed. Our findings not only demonstrate that female resistance to remating can evolve rapidly, but also that such evolution is in accordance with the genetic interests of females.
Diário Zorbuddha : a avaliação do impacto de uma conjugação de exercícios da psicologia positiva

Psychology has focused more on the problems and disorders of individuals than in the optimal functioning and well-being. The approaches of positive psychology, positive development and prevention can be integrated to address the needs of society by building strength, skills and resilience in young people. This study evaluated the impact of the completion of a diary called Zorbuddha, over approximately five days. Each student completed two selfreports – one prior to the completion of the diary, and one after this task. The self-reports were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, and the results show that the completion of the instrument has several impacts on the subjects, on their experiences, and on their activities, suggesting an influence on Subjective well-being (SWB) and Psychological well-being (PWB). This instrument affects a wide variety of areas in the subjects lives, suggesting that it is a powerful tool, that can affect people positively.
Proxy-Based Wireless Data Access Algorithms in Mobile Hotspots

In this paper, we investigate efficient wireless data access algorithms in mobile hotspots. We introduce a proxy cache (PC) and propose PC-based poll-each-read (P-PER) and PC-based callback (P-CB) data access algorithms to reduce the transmission cost over wireless links in mobile hotspots. An analytical model is developed, and extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of P-PER and P-CB. It is shown that P-PER and P-CB can improve cache hit performance and significantly reduce transmission cost. A tradeoff between P-PER and P-CB suggests the need to use a hybrid proxy-based approach to attain optimal performance of wireless data access in mobile hotspots.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A MODIFIED FIELD TEST FOR THE EVALUATION OF AEROBIC PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and the validity of a modified version of the Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m. The proposed version is a hexagon with 10m side distances each named Hexagon Multi-Level Running Aerobic Test 10m. The same parameters (ending level, maximum speed and heart rate at the finish) were measured and the VO2max was estimated in both tests using the Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m protocol and tables. For the proposed test the reliability evaluation was applied on a sample of 18 students (age 20.8±0.9yrs) twice with a 48h time interval, giving high correlations in maximum speed and VO2max (r=0.99) and ending level (r=0.98). For the Hexagon Multi-Level Running Aerobic Test 10m the validity assessment of the measured variables of this test were compared with the same variables of the Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m in 62 trained adolescents (age 13.7±0.7yrs). The validity coefficients for all the variables between the two tests were r=0.86 (p<0.01). Furthermore, the participants’ performance profile was significantly higher in the proposed version, (p<0.05) while the mean VO2max of adolescents was significantly higher in this test than in the prototype Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m (46±6.2 vs 40.8±4.9ml/kg · min), (p<0.05). Conclusively, it can be inferred that the Hexagon Multi-Level Running Aerobic Test 10m is not only a reliable and easy to use test but also, compared to the valid Multistage Shuttle-Run Aerobic Test 20m, it can be an objective test for the evaluation of aerobic performance in adolescents.