Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metallicity Calibrations and the Mass-Metallicity Relation for Star-forming Galaxies

We investigate the effect of metallicity calibrations, AGN classification, and aperture covering fraction on the local mass-metallicity (M-Z) relation using 27,730 star-forming galaxies from the SDSS Data Release 4. We analyze the SDSS M-Z relation with 10 metallicity calibrations, including theoretical and empirical methods. We show that the choice of metallicity calibration has a significant effect on the shape and y-intercept [12 + log (O/H) ] of the M-Z relation. The absolute metallicity scale (y-intercept) varies up to Δ [ log (O/H) ] = 0.7 dex, depending on the calibration used, and the change in shape is substantial. These results indicate that it is critical to use the same metallicity calibration when comparing different luminosity-metallicity or M-Z relations. We present new metallicity conversions that allow metallicities that have been derived using different strong-line calibrations to be converted to the same base calibration. These conversions facilitate comparisons between different samples, particularly comparisons between galaxies at different redshifts for which different suites of emission lines are available. Our new conversions successfully remove the large 0.7 dex discrepancies between the metallicity calibrations, and we reach agreement in the M-Z relation to within 0.03 dex on average. We investigate the effect of AGN classification and aperture covering fraction on the M-Z relation. We find that different AGN classification methods have negligible effect on the SDSS M-Z relation. We compare the SDSS M-Z relation with nuclear and global relations from the NFGS. The turnover of the M-Z relation at M* ∼ 1010 M☉ depends on the aperture covering fraction. We find that a lower redshift limit of z < 0.04 is insufficient for avoiding aperture effects in fiber spectra of the highest stellar mass (M* > 1010 M☉) galaxies.
Antigenicity, Expression, and Molecular Characterization of Surface-Located Pullulanase ofStreptococcus pneumoniae

ABSTRACT A putative pullulanase-encoding gene from Streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by screening a genomic expression library with human convalescent-phase serum. The 3,864-bp gene encoded a 143-kDa protein. Surface location and pullulanase activity of the protein, designated SpuA, was demonstrated. SpuA was present in all investigated pneumococcal isolates of different serotypes. ThespuA 5′ end was highly conserved among clinical isolates except for a 75-bp region. The properties of SpuA reported here indicate that this novel immunogenic surface protein might have potential as a vaccine target.
MIREX 2012 Symbolic Melodic Similarity : Hybrid Sequence Alignment with Geometric Representations

This short paper describes our five submissions to the 2012 edition of the MIREX Symbolic Melodic Similarity task. All five submissions rely on a geometric model that represents melodies as spline curves in the pitch-time plane. The similarity between two melodies is then computed with a sequence alignment algorithm between sequences of spline spans: the more similar the shape of the curves, the more similar the melodies they represent. As in MIREX 2010 and 2011, our systems ranked first for all effectiveness measures used. However, this year there was only one competing system, so we employ this report mainly to describe and compare results within our systems.
A motif-based framework for recognizing sequence families

MOTIVATION Many signals in biological sequences are based on the presence or absence of base signals and their spatial combinations. One of the best known examples of this is the signal identifying a core promoter--the site at which the basal transcription machinery starts the transcription of a gene. Our goal is a fully automatic pattern recognition system for a family of sequences, which simultaneously discovers the base signals, their spatial relationships and a classifier based upon them. RESULTS In this paper we present a general method for characterizing a set of sequences by their recurrent motifs. Our approach relies on novel probabilistic models for DNA binding sites and modules of binding sites, on algorithms to study them from the data and on a support vector machine that uses the models studied to classify a set of sequences. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach to diverse instances, ranging from families of promoter sequences to a dataset of intronic sequences flanking alternatively spliced exons. On a core promoter dataset our results are comparable with the state-of-the-art McPromoter. On a dataset of alternatively spliced exons we outperform a previous approach. We also achieve high success rates in recognizing cell cycle regulated genes. These results demonstrate that a fully automatic pattern recognition algorithm can meet or exceed the performance of hand-crafted approaches. AVAILABILITY The software and datasets are available from the authors upon request.
Building an Academic Nation Through Social Networks: Black Immigrant Men in Community Colleges

Whether naturalized or native, a nation becomes stronger as individuals embrace opportunities for postsecondary education. President Obama's commitment to community college education through the American Graduation Initiative (AGI) will facilitate increased matriculation into community colleges, encourage students to transfer into four-year institutions, and ultimately create an academically affluent America. Research on students who transfer from community college to four-year institutions discusses this phenomenon from an institutional perspective; however, there is a dearth in the literature regarding how the Black student population, particularly Black immigrant men, engage in the transfer process in the academy. Social Network Theory is the framework through which the experiences of these men from various countries in the African Diaspora were examined during their transfer process in an American public university system. Data analysis revealed three major findings, including the forms of capital that influenced their academic choices and outcomes.
Accurate Reading with Sequential Presentation of Single Letters

Rapid, accurate reading is possible when isolated, single words from a sentence are sequentially presented at a fixed spatial location. We investigated if reading of words and sentences is possible when single letters are rapidly presented at the fovea under user-controlled or automatically controlled rates. When tested with complete sentences, trained participants achieved reading rates of over 60 wpm and accuracies of over 90% with the single letter reading (SLR) method and naive participants achieved average reading rates over 30 wpm with greater than 90% accuracy. Accuracy declined as individual letters were presented for shorter periods of time, even when the overall reading rate was maintained by increasing the duration of spaces between words. Words in the lexicon that occur more frequently were identified with higher accuracy and more quickly, demonstrating that trained participants have lexical access. In combination, our data strongly suggest that comprehension is possible and that SLR is a practicable form of reading under conditions in which normal scanning of text is not possible, or for scenarios with limited spatial and temporal resolution such as patients with low vision or prostheses.
Cell-free Translation of Cricket Paralysis Virus RNA: Analysis of the Synthesis and Processing of Virus-specified Proteins

Summary Translation of cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) RNA in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate yielded proteins which co-migrate on polyacrylamide gels with the structural proteins VP1 and VP3. These proteins were identified by partial proteolysis and a number of high mol. wt. proteins were shown to be precursors of the structural proteins. The third structural protein VP2 was not identified in vitro but was shown to be formed in vivo from the minor ‘structural’ protein VP0. The profile of high mol. wt. proteins in vitro differed from those found in infected cells, but processing was similar with precursors being cleaved sequentially to give a group of proteins with mol. wt. of 50000 to 63000. Processing proceeded in vitro to give VP1 and VP3 but synthesis of VP2 and its immediate precursor VP0 was not apparent. This is consistent with an inhibition of synthesis of VP0 found in infected cells treated with iodoacetamide and suggests that CrPV utilizes a different mechanism for the synthesis of VP0 and VP2 than it does for VP1 and VP3. A tentative model for the processing of CrPV-specified proteins is proposed.
Fault tolerant distributed coloring algorithms that stabilize in linear time

We propose two new self-stabilizing distributed algorithms for proper ? +1 (? is the maximum degree of a node in the graph) coloring of arbitrary system graphs. Both algorithms are capable of working with multiple types of demons (schedulers) as is the most recent algorithm in [1]. The first algorithm converges in O(m) moves while the second converges in at most n moves (n is the number of nodes and m is the number of edges in the graph) as opposed to the O(? × n) moves required by the algorithm [1]. The second improvement is that neither of the proposed algorithms requires each node to have knowledge of ? , as is required in [1]. Further, the coloring produced by our first algorithm provides an interesting special case of coloring, e.g., Grundy Coloring [2].
Black holes with unusual topology

Einstein's equations with a negative cosmological constant admit solutions which are asymptotically anti\char21{}de Sitter space. Matter fields in anti\char21{}de Sitter space can be in stable equilibrium even if the potential energy is unbounded from below, violating the weak energy condition. Hence there is no fundamental reason that black hole horizons should have a spherical topology. In anti\char21{}de Sitter space Einstein's equations admit black hole solutions where the horizon can be a Riemann surface with genus $g. $ The case $g=0$ is the asymptotically anti\char21{}de Sitter black hole first studied by Hawking and Page, which has a spherical topology. The genus one black hole has a new free parameter entering the metric, the conformal class to which the torus belongs. The genus $gg1$ black hole has no other free parameters apart from the mass and the charge. All such black holes exhibit a natural temperature which is identified as the period of the Euclidean continuation and there is a mass formula connecting the mass with the surface gravity and the horizon area of the black hole. The Euclidean action and entropy are computed and used to argue that the mass spectrum of states is positive definite.
Custom Based Protocol for Information Retrieval in Cloud Computing

Prominent issue in cloud computing is security in which storing and retrieving the data in a third party’s cloud system and public auditing scheme which causes serious problems and conflict over data confidentiality during the transaction of data. Though there are number of methods are available to overcome this problem like cryptography, key encryption etc. The general encryption schemes protect data confidentiality during the transaction; along with this process but the main drawback is its limits the functionality of the storage system because of only few operations are supported over encrypted data. This project proposes a secured threshold proxy re-encryption server and integrates it along with a decentralized erasure code which provides a secure distributed storage system for processing big data in which multiple users can interact with the storage system. In this environment users can upload their data in to the distributed storage system which will be stored in database in the encrypted format. User in the cloud will authorize the sender request to generate the key with the authorized one time key sender can access the encrypted file in decrypted format at once. The key becomes invalid after one use. The proxy server provides security for big data in cloud with proxy re encryption method which process effective way.
Foreword to Sperm morphometrics today and tomorrow special issue in Asian Journal of Andrology

Early in his investigations, Leeuwenhoek (1670s)1 deduced that spermatozoa were alive and an integral part of semen, rather than artifacts or parasites. He eventually observed spermatozoa in the semen of men, dogs, horses, birds, fishes, amphibians, molluscs, and many insects, and concluded that they must be a universal feature of male reproduction. The huge differences in sperm form among species have been discussed in relation to evolutionary changes dictated by the egg and its investments.2 Spallanzani (1800s)1 was the first scientist to develop successful methods for artificial insemination, first with amphibians and later with dogs. With these experiments, he showed that physical contact between intact spermatozoa and ova was necessary to achieve the fertilization. Some years later (1820s), Prévost and Dumas1 performed the defining experiment to identify correctly the function of spermatozoa in reproduction.
Fabrication and Optical Properties of Water Soluble CdSeS Nanocrystals Using Glycerin as Stabilizing Agent

Herein we present an unusual phosphine-free method to fabricate water soluble CdSeS nanocrystals in cubic structure. In this method, glycerin was used as a stabilizing agent replacing tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Water solution of Na2SeO3 in polyethylene glycol was utilized as Se source. 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) provides S source. The phosphine-free Se and S sources were found to be highly reactive and suitable for the synthesis of CdSeS nanocrystals. XRD and HRTEM images confirm the formation of CdSeS nanocrystals in zinc blende structure. The absorption peaks on UV-vis spectra of as-prepared CdSeS nanocrystals are tunable from 330 nm to 440 nm, which blue shifts to shorter wavelength side in comparison with that of pure CdSe nanocrystals. The cubic CdSeS nanocrystals demonstrate narrow PL emissions spectra between 464 and 615 nm. Transmission electron microscopy images show the uniformity for the size distribution of the ternary QDs. Series water soluble CdSe1–xSx (x = 0∼1) nanocrystals have also been synthesized using Na2SeO3 and Na2S solution as the Se-S co-sources. Tunable band gap energies of CdSe1–xSx (x = 0∼1) nanocrystals upon chemical composition x have been achieved, the gap ranges from 290 nm to 558 nm.
Quality of Service and the End-to-End Argument

Audio-visual services are now commonly used on the Internet. Many of them are based on batch downloading of contents for later replay. Real-time interactive and streaming services are now rapidly becoming popular. These services would benefit from quality of service if it were widely provided. The purpose of this article is to show how QoS solutions may be introduced incrementally. Quality is obtained by means of a probe-based admission control that can be exerted outside the network. The introduction of QoS starts from self-admission control in the application layer, followed by transport layer service differentiation. These two steps do not require any change to the network. If motivated, scheduling for service class separation in the network may be added. We show by proof of concept how QoS may be provided in agreement with the end-to-end argument. The three steps of our proposal are compared and discussed with respect to the possibility of deployment.
Autonomous Configuration Scheme in a Distributed Load Balancing System for HLA-Based Simulations

As the scale of distributed simulations, such as HLA-base simulations, grow due to the complexity in modelling real systems, balancing systems become essential for enabling the execution of these simulations or preventing simulation performance loss. This loss is greatly produced by non-dedication or heterogeneity of resources in large-scale environments or by simulations that might generate dynamic load oscillations. In light of avoiding load imbalances in such conditions, a distributed balancing system has been developed. However, in order to enable load balancing systems to effectively and properly react to load imbalances, they need to be properly deployed and configured in environments where are occasionally unknown due to the lack of previous information about them or to the dynamic changes that might occur as time passes. As a result, an autonomous configuration scheme is proposed to increment the distributed balancing system and allow it to flexibly adapt to the environment where it is deployed. Experiments have been performed in defined scenarios in order to assess the benefit in incorporating such dynamic configuration solution on the balancing system.
Auction-Based Traffic Management: Towards Effective Concurrent Utilization of Road Intersections

Valuation-aware traffic-control mechanisms for road intersections take the valuations of reduced waiting time of the individual drivers into account. They use agents to avoid any disturbance of the driver, and they feature mechanisms specifically designed for negotiating valuations. While such mechanisms do indeed increase overall driver satisfaction, they only allow one vehicle at a time to use the intersection so far. But the concurrent utilization of an intersection is an important feature needed in reality. This paper proposes new auction-based intersection control mechanisms allowing for concurrency. Their design has been challenging due to complex traffic-specific requirements like the high number of agents involved or varying space and time consumption of vehicles crossing the intersection. Experiments show that they yield a significantly higher degree of overall driver satisfaction than state-of-the-art mechanisms.
Database driven test case generation for protein?Cprotein docking

UNLABELLED We present a method for automatic test case generation for protein-protein docking. A consensus-type approach is proposed processing the whole PDB and classifying protein structures into complexes and unbound proteins by combining information from three different approaches (current PDB-at-a-glance classification, search of complexes by sequence identical unbound structures and chain naming). Out of this classification test cases are generated automatically. All calculations were run on the database. The information stored is available via a web interface. The user can choose several criteria for generating his own subset out of our test cases, e.g. for testing docking algorithms. AVAILABILITY http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/agt-sdp/ CONTACT fzoellne@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de.
Effect Of Black Hole Attack On AODV Routing Protocol In

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network and are infrastructure less. A black hole is a malicious node that incorrectly replies the route requests that it has a fresh route to destination and then it drops all the receiving packets. The damage will be serious if malicious nodes work together as a group. This type of attack is called cooperative black hole attack. This paper includes the behavior of the Black Hole node studied by considering different scenarios. Performance of the Black Hole ADOV protocol has been analyzed by varying the number of mobile nodes and black hole nodes. The protocol is analyzed on various performance metrics like packet loss, packet delivery ratio and average end to end delay. It is observed that the effect on packet loss is much lower as compare to effect on delay. I. Introduction Ad hoc network [1] is a wireless network without having any fixed infrastructure. Each mobile node in an ad hoc network moves arbitrarily and acts as both a router and a host. A wireless ad-hoc network consists of a collection of "peer" mobile nodes that are capable of communicating with each other without help from a fixed infrastructure. The interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual and arbitrary basis. Nodes within each other's radio range communicate directly via wireless links, while those that are far apart use other nodes as relays. Nodes usually share the same physical media; they transmit and acquire signals at the same frequency band. However, due to their inherent characteristics of dynamic topology and lack of centralized management security, MANET is vulnerable to various kinds of attacks. Black hole attack [2] is one of many possible attacks in MANET. Black hole attack can occur when the malicious node on the path directly attacks the data traffic and intentionally drops, delay or alter the data traffic passing through it. This attack can be easily lessen by setting the promiscuous mode of each node and to see if the next node on the path forward the data traffic as expected. Another type of black hole attack is to attack routing control traffic.
Window selection for accurate music source separation using REPET

Separating music into vocal and non-vocal (back ground music) components is a challenging task, though it has a wide range of applications. The repeating rhythmic and beat property of the music, along with other accompaniments, has been leveraged in the `Repeated pattern extraction technique' (REPET), for separating a song into its vocal and non-vocal content. The REPET method involves measuring the repeating period of the music, deriving a model using it, and creating a time-frequency mask for separating the background (music) from the original mixture, in order to finally obtain the non-repeating vocal (source) content. Selecting an appropriate windowing function is critical for achieving the high quality of music-source separation in this method. In this paper, we examine five different windowing functions such as rectangular, flat-top, Blackman and Hanning window along with the Hamming window that was used originally in REPET method. Experiments are conducted on different types of music excerpts, using these five different windowing functions in the REPET method. Performance evaluation of the quality of music-source separation is carried out using `Analysis of Variation' (ANOVA) of `Signal to Interference Ratio' (SIR). The results indicate that no one particular window can be considered as completely reliable, for the accurate separation of a music mixture. However, Hamming window for extracting the background content, and Blackman window for extracting the foreground (vocal) content, give relatively better results.
Chemical genetics to examine cellulose biosynthesis

Long-term efforts to decode plant cellulose biosynthesis via molecular genetics and biochemical strategies are being enhanced by the ever-expanding scale of omics technologies. An alternative approach to consider are the prospects for inducing change in plant metabolism using exogenously supplied chemical ligands. Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) have been identified among known herbicides, during diverse combinatorial chemical libraries screens, and natural chemical screens from microbial agents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the inhibitory effects of CBIs and further group them by how they influence fluorescently tagged cellulose synthase A proteins. Additional attention is paid to the continuing development of the CBI toolbox to explore the cell biology and genetic mechanisms underpinning effector molecule activity.
Evolving connectionist systems for on-line pattern classification of multimedia data

The paper develops further the concept of evolving connectionist systems, and one particular model - evolving fuzzy neural networks, that are applied on pattern classification tasks of multimedia data. The evolving systems learn in an on-line, life-long learning mode and adapt to the new data. This mode is crucial when the system is required to adapt quickly to new data and be able to generalize immediately afterwards. These tasks are typical for processing of multimedia data, such as adaptive speech recognition and adaptive video data processing that are presented in the paper.