Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Deep Venous Thrombosis Following Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery: An Analysis of 56,000 patients

Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are recognized as major causes of morbidity and mortality in orthopaedic trauma patients. Despite the high incidence of these complications following orthopaedic trauma, there is a paucity of literature investigating the clinical risk factors for DVT in this specific population. As our healthcare system increasingly emphasizes quality measures, it is critical for orthopaedic surgeons to understand the clinical factors that increase the risk of DVT following orthopaedic trauma. Objectives: Utilizing the ACS-NSQIP database, we sought to determine the incidence and identify independent risk factors for DVT following orthopaedic trauma. Patients and Methods: Using current procedural terminology (CPT) codes for orthopaedic trauma procedures, we identified a prospective cohort of patients from the 2006 to 2013 ACS-NSQIP database. Using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests where appropriate, patient demographics, comorbidities, and operative factors were compared between patients who developed a DVT within 30 days of surgery and those who did not. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and identify independent risk factors for DVT. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: 56,299 orthopaedic trauma patients were included in the analysis, of which 473 (0.84%) developed a DVT within 30 days. In univariate analysis, twenty-five variables were significantly associated with the development of a DVT, including age (P < 0.0001), BMI (P = 0.037), diabetes (P = 0.01), ASA score (P < 0.0001) and anatomic region injured (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified several independent risk factors for development of a DVT including use of a ventilator (OR = 43.67, P = 0.039), ascites (OR = 41.61, P = 0.0038), steroid use (OR = 4.00, P < 0.001), and alcohol use (OR = 2.98, P = 0.0370). Compared to patients with upper extremity trauma, those with lower extremity injuries had significantly increased odds of developing a DVT (OR = 7.55, P = 0.006). The trend toward increased odds of DVT among patients with injuries to the hip/pelvis did not reach statistical significance (OR = 4.51, P = 0.22). Smoking was not found to be an independent risk factor for developing a DVT (P = 0.1217). Conclusions: This is the largest study to date using the NSQIP database to identify risk factors for DVT in orthopaedic trauma patients. Although the incidence of DVT was low in our cohort, the presence of certain risk factors significantly increased the odds of developing a DVT following orthopaedic trauma. These findings will enable orthopaedic surgeons to target at-risk patients and implement post-operative care protocols aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with DVT in orthopaedic trauma patients.
A minimax and asymptotically optimal algorithm for stochastic bandits

We propose the kl-UCB ++ algorithm for regret minimization in stochastic bandit models with exponential families of distributions. We prove that it is simultaneously asymptotically optimal (in the sense of Lai and Robbins' lower bound) and minimax optimal. This is the first algorithm proved to enjoy these two properties at the same time. This work thus merges two different lines of research, with simple proofs involving no complexity overhead.
Leptin Inhibits the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Angiotensin II through Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanisms

Objective. This study was designed to investigate whether leptin modifies angiotensin (Ang) II-induced proliferation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from 10-week-old male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and the possible role of nitric oxide (NO). Methods. NO and NO synthase (NOS) activity were assessed by the Griess and 3H-arginine/citrulline conversion assays, respectively. Inducible NOS (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase subutnit Nox2 expression was determined by Western-blot. The proliferative responses to Ang II were evaluated through enzymatic methods. Results. Leptin inhibited the Ang II-induced proliferative response of VSMCs from control rats. This inhibitory effect of leptin was abolished by NOS inhibitor, NMMA, and iNOS selective inhibitor, L-NIL, and was not observed in leptin receptor-deficient fa/fa rats. SHR showed increased serum leptin concentrations and lipid peroxidation. Despite a similar leptin-induced iNOS up-regulation, VSMCs from SHR showed an impaired NOS activity and NO production induced by leptin, and an increased basal Nox2 expression. The inhibitory effect of leptin on Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation was attenuated. Conclusion. Leptin blocks the proliferative response to Ang II through NO-dependent mechanisms. The attenuation of this inhibitory effect of leptin in spontaneous hypertension appears to be due to a reduced NO bioavailability in VSMCs.
Empirical relationship between Victim's occupation and their knowledge of Digital Forensic

Computer crime also popularly known as Cybercrime has escalated to such a huge extent that it is now posing a threat to various industries, educational universities and professional organizations as well. The law enforcement agencies, police departments and crime branch units have acknowledged the upsurge in digital crime cases and they have begun to deploy measures to curb this evil phenomenon. In this paper, we inspect about the awareness of digital crime among the general public and illustrate an overview of Cybercrime, with the motive of highlighting the necessity to restrain the impact of cybercrime all over the world. This paper examines the rise in number of cybercrimes in India and takes into consideration the analytical traits of the offenders who commit such crimes. The paper banks on the information obtained from different sects of our country. The experimentation results depict that the top four cyber crimes committed in the past few years such as Internet frauds, data theft, cyber piracy and crime sex were all spread across the internet. The output reveals that cyber crime not only encompasses the internet but it has already expanded across all communities worldwide. The soaring crime rate is a major concern as it is indicative of the huge amount of cyber crime cases enrolled in recent years. The objective of this paper is to provide some guidelines to cybercrime analysts, government organizations, and educational universities.
Towards customer-based requirements engineering practices

Factors related to the requirements engineering process and customers have been repeatedly reported among those that most strongly influence the success of a software project. However, requirements engineering research has so far barely studied practice from a customer-based perspective. Furthermore, rigorous evidence about customers' perspectives regarding requirements engineering approaches is scarce, and links between customer-based requirements engineering research and the industrial practices are necessary. This paper argues that new research is necessary to tackle the above weaknesses. Our position is that: requirements specification approaches must be validated from a customer-based perspective; the influence of customers' characteristics on the requirements engineering process must be studied in more depth; and potential customer-based improvements in practice must be assessed. We also present situations in which the results from these activities would help practitioners, propose a research agenda to execute these activities, and discuss challenges that might hinder their execution.
New combinatorial topology upper and lower bounds for renaming

In the renaming task n+1 processes start with unique input names from a large space and must choose unique output names taken from a smaller name space, namely 0,1,. ,K. To rule out trivial solutions, a protocol must be anonymous: the value chosen by a process can depend on its input name and on the execution, but not on the specific process id. Attiya et al. showed in 1990 that renaming has a wait-free solution when K<=2n. Several proofs of a lower bound stating that no such protocol exists when K<2n have been published. In this paper we prove that, for certain values of n, this lower bound is incorrect, exhibiting a wait-free renaming protocol for K=2n-1. For the other values of n, we present the first completely combinatorial lower bound proof stating that no such protocol exists when K<2n. More precisely, our main theorem states that there exists a wait-free renaming protocol for K<2n if and only if the set of integers (n+1 choose i+1) | 0 <= i <= floor((n-1)/2)} are relatively prime. Thus, such protocol exists for six processes, and not for less. The proof of the theorem uses combinatorial topology techniques, both for the lower bound and to derive the renaming protocol.
Compassion, Authority and Baby Talk: Prosody and Objectivity

Recent work on multimodal argumentation has explored facets of argumentation which are not well accounted for in many traditional accounts of argument. Emphasizing the distinction between written and oral argument, this paper considers the role of prosody, the structure and quality of the sound of spoken language, in oral argument. We consider prosody in the context of the framework that Groarke & Tindale develop to explain the different roles that non-verbal elements like pictures can play in argument: functioning as flags, demonstrations, symbols, metaphors, and as ways to communicate premises and conclusions.
Learning Rating Patterns for Top-N Recommendations

Two rating patterns exist in the user × item rating matrix and influence each other: the personal rating patterns are hidden in each user's entire rating history, while the global rating patterns are hidden in the entire user × item rating matrix. In this paper, a Rating Pattern Subspace is proposed to model both of the rating patterns simultaneously by iteratively refining each other with an EM-like algorithm. Firstly, a low-rank subspace is built up to model the global rating patterns from the whole user × item rating matrix, then, the projection for each user on the subspace is refined individually based on his/her own entire rating history. After that, the refined user projections on the subspace are used to improve the modelling of the global rating patterns. Iteratively, we can obtain a well-trained low-rank Rating Pattern Subspace, which is capable of modelling both the personal and the global rating patterns. Based on this subspace, we propose a RapSVD algorithm to generate Top-N recommendations, and the experiment results show that the proposed method can significantly outperform the other state-of-the-art Top-N recommendation methods in terms of accuracy, especially on long tail item recommendations.
Order effects on consumer product choices in online retailing

As a shopping interface, the Web possesses certain unique characteristics that necessitate a reevaluation and a new investigation of online consumer behaviors. One of the unique characteristics of online shopping is that consumers evaluate products and make judgments based on the product information presented on web pages, which enable the design of product list on a web page to have a great potential influence on consumer’s product choice. However, relatively little has been written about the order effects of product list on consumer choice in online retailing settings. The purpose of this study is to investigate how and why product’s presentation order in a list affects consumer’s selection of products. Specifically, this study proposes that the serial position of a product in a list could affect the probability of this product being selected by consumers (position effect), and sorting the products by product configurations in a descending order, an ascending order, or a random order could affect the importance of product configuration as well as relative importance of product configuration/price in consumer’s evaluation and choice (sorting effect). Implications of these two types of order effects for theory and practice are discussed.
Energy-efficient context-aware routing in heterogeneous WSN

This papers builds on our earlier work [16] by introducing a context-aware routing scheme for WSN that takes both energy consumption and heterogeneity of the network into account. We use a test case for clean water management, expressed in the underlying ontology. Our context-aware routing has been simulated and evaluated based on this use case. We report here about our evaluation results and provide comparisons with conventional approaches.
Effects of Tapinanthus globiferus and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides extracts on human leukocytes in vitro

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effect of Tapinanthus globiferus and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides to human leukocytes. In addition, the reductive potential and the chemical composition of the two plant extracts were also determined. Materials and Methods: Human leukocytes were obtained from healthy volunteer donors. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of T. globiferus and Z. zanthoxyloides were assessed using the comet assay and trypan blue exclusion, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by the reducing power assay. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector was used to characterize and quantify the constituents of these plants. Results: T. globiferus (10-150 µg/mL) was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic at the concentrations tested, suggesting that it can be consumed safely at relatively high concentrations. However, Z. zanthoxyloides showed cytoxicity and genotoxicity to human leukocytes at the highest concentration tested (150 µg/mL). In addition, the total reducing power of T. globiferus was found higher than Z. zanthoxyloides in potassium ferricyanide reduction. Both plants extract contained flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic). Conclusion: The results obtained support the fact that some caution should be paid regarding the dosage and the frequency of use of Z. zanthoxyloides extract.
arity and Str

We present an approach to unsupervised concept formation, based on accumulation of partial regularities. Using an algorithmic complexity framework, we define regularity as a model that achieves a compressed coding of data, We discuss induction of models. We present induction of ftite automata models for regularities of strings, and induction of models based on vector translations for sets of points. The concepts we develop are particularly appropriate for natural spaces - structures that accept a decomposition into recurrent, recognizable parts. They are usually hierarchical and suggest that a vocabulary of basic constituents can be learned before focussing on how they are assembled. We define and illustrate: Bmic regularities as algorithmically independent building blocks of structures. They are identifiable as local maxima of compression as a function of model complexity. Stepwise induction consists in finding a model, using it to compress the data, then applying the same procedure on the code. It is a way to induce, in polynomial time, structures whose basic components have bound complexity. Libraries are sets of partial regularities, a theoretical basis for clustering and concept formation. Finally, we use the above concepts to present a new perspective on expkznufion based generalization. We prove it to be a language independent method to specialize the background knowledge.
A component of fluid absorption linked to passive ion flows in the superficial pars recta

We studied salt and water absorption in isolated rabbit superficial proximal straight tubules perfused and bathed with solutions providing oppositely directed transepithelial anion gradients similar to those which might obtain in vivo. The perfusing solution contained 138.6 mM Cl- 3.8 mM HCO-3 (pH 6.6) while the bathing solution contained 113.6 mM Cl- and 25 mM HCO-3 (pH 7.4); the system was bubbled with 95% O2-5% CO2. At 37 degrees C, net volume absorption (Jv nl min-1 mm-1) was 0.32 +/- 0.03 (SEM); Ve, the transepithelial voltage (millivolts; lumen to bath), was +3.1 +/- 0.2. At 21 degrees C, Ve rose to +3.7 +/- 0.1 and Jv fell to 0.13 +/- 0.01 (significantly different from zero at P less than 0.001); in the presence of 10(-4)M ouabain at 37 degrees C, Ve rose to +3.8 +/- 0.1 and Jv fell to 0.16 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.001 with respect to zero). In paired experiments, the ouabain- and temperature-insensitive moieties of Jv and Ve became zero when transepithelial anion concentration gradients were abolished. Titrametric determinations net chloride flux at 21 degrees C or at 37 degrees C with 10(-4) M ouabain showed that chloride was the sole anion in an isotonic absorbate. And, combined electrical and tracer flux data indicated that the tubular epithelium was approximately 18 times more permeable to Cl- than to HCO-3. We interpret these results to indicate that, in these tubules, NaCl absorption depends in part on transepithelial anion concentration gradients similar to those generated in vivo and in vitro by active Na+ absorption associated with absorption to anions other than chloride. A quantitative analysis of passive solute and solvent flows in lateral intercellular spaces indicated that fluid absorption occurred across junctional complexes when the osmolality of the lateral intercellular spaces was equal to or slightly less than that of the perfusing and bathing solutions; the driving force for volume flow under these conditions depended on the fact that sigmaHCO3 exceeded sigmaCl.
Research Article System Identification Algorithm Analysis of Acupuncture Effect on Mean Blood Flux of Contralateral Hegu Acupoint

License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Acupoints (belonging to 12 meridians) which have the same names are symmetrically distributed on the body. It has been proved that acupoints have certain biological specificities different from the normal parts of the body. However, there is little evidence that acupoints which have the same name and are located bilaterally and symmetrically have lateralized specificity. Thus, researching the lateralized specificity and the relationship between left-side and right-side acupuncture is of special importance. Methodology and Principal Findings. The mean blood flux (MBF) in both Hegu acupoints was measured by Moor full-field laser perfusion imager. With the method of system identification algorithm, the output distribution in different groups was acquired, based on different acupoint stimulation and standard signal input. It is demonstrated that after stimulation of the right Hegu acupoint by needle, the output value of MBF in contralateral Hegu acupoint was strongly amplified, while after acupuncturing the left Hegu acupoint, the output value of MBF in either side Hegu acupoint was amplified moderately. Conclusions and Significance. This paper indicates that the Hegu acupoint has lateralized specificity. After stimulating the ipsilateral Hegu acupoint, symmetry breaking will be produced in contrast to contralateral Hegu acupoint stimulation.
Understanding Public Perceptions of the HPV Vaccination Based on Online Comments to Canadian News Articles

Background Given the variation in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage across Canada, and debate regarding delivery of HPV vaccines in Catholic schools, we studied online comments on Canadian news websites to understand public perceptions of HPV and HPV vaccine. Methods We searched English- and French-language Canadian news websites for 2012 articles that contained the terms “HPV” or “human papillomavirus. ” Articles about HPV vaccinations that contained at least one comment were included. Two researchers independently coded comments, analyzing them for emerging themes. Results We identified 3073 comments from 1198 individuals in response to 71 news articles; 630 (52.6%) individuals expressed positive sentiments about HPV vaccination (2.5 comments/individual), 404 (33.7%) were negative (3.0 comments/individual), 34 (2.8%) were mixed (1.5 comments/individual) and 130 (10.8%) were neutral (1.6 comments/individual). Vaccine-supportive commenters believed the vaccine is safe and effective. Common themes in negative comments included concerns regarding HPV vaccine safety and efficacy, distrust of pharmaceutical companies and government, and belief that school-age children are too young for HPV vaccine. Many comments focused on whether the Catholic Church has the right to inform health policy for students, and discussion often evolved into debates regarding HPV and sexual behaviour. We noted that many individuals doubted the credibility of vaccine safety information. Conclusion The majority of commenters do not appear to be against HPV vaccination, but public health messaging that focuses on both the vaccine’s safety profile, and its use as a means to prevent cancer rather than sexually transmitted HPV infection may facilitate its acceptance.
Public health and economic impact of seasonal influenza vaccination with quadrivalent influenza vaccines compared to trivalent influenza vaccines in Europe

ABSTRACT Influenza B strains represent on average 23% of all circulating strains in Europe and when there is a vaccine mismatch on B strains, additional influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths as well as substantial additional costs are observed. The objective was to estimate the public health and economic impact of seasonal influenza vaccination with quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIV) compared to trivalent influenza vaccines (TIV) in Europe (EU). Based on data from 5 EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK) during 10 influenza seasons from 2002 to 2013, epidemiological and associated economic outcomes were estimated for each season for the actual scenario where the TIV was used, and for a hypothetical scenario where QIV could have been used instead. By using QIV, this study estimated that for the 5 EU countries, an additional 1.03 million (327.9/100,000 inhabitants) influenza cases, 453,000 (143.9/100,000) general practitioners consultations, 672,000 (213.1/100,000) workdays lost, 24,000 (7.7/100,000) hospitalizations and 10,000 (3.1/100,000) deaths could have been avoided compared to the use of TIV over the 10-seasons-period. This study estimates that QIV can be of economic value since from a societal perspective 15 million Euros would have been saved on general practitioners consultations (14 million Euros from third-party payer perspective), 77 million on hospitalizations (74 million Euros from third-party payer perspective) and 150 million Euros on workdays lost, across the 5 EU countries. In conclusion, the present study estimates that, compared to TIV, QIV may result in a substantial decrease in epidemiological burden and in influenza-related costs.
Operator based robust nonlinear control for Peltier actuated process by robust right coprime factorization and pre-compensator

In this paper, operator based robust nonlinear control system design is considered for Peltier actuated process by using robust right coprime factorization and pre-compensator. A merit of the operator based approach is the simplicity of analyzing the stability of nonlinear systems. Especially, operator based robust right coprime factorization is one of the most useful methods to analyze and stabilize a nonlinear process. In details, operator based tracking scheme with pre-compensator is designed to control the Peltier actuated process. The effectiveness of the designed system is confirmed by experimental results.