Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting children with disabilities at school: implications for the advocate role in professional practice and education

Abstract Purpose: School settings are a common practice context for rehabilitation professionals; health advocacy is a common and challenging practice role for professionals in this context. This study explored how pediatric practitioners advocate for children with disabilities at school. Specifically, we examined everyday advocacy in the context of school-based support for children with disabilities. Method: Our theoretical framework and methodological approach were informed by institutional ethnography, which maps and makes visible hidden social coordinators of work processes with a view to improving processes and outcomes. We included families, educators, and health/rehabilitation practitioners from Ontario. Of the 37 consented informants, 27 were interviewed and 15 observed. Documents and texts were collected from the micro-level (e.g. clinician reports) and the macro-level (e.g. policies). Results: Pediatric practitioners' advocacy work included two main work processes: spotlighting invisible disabilities and orienteering the special education terrain. Practitioners advocated indirectly, by proxy, with common proxies being documents and parents. Unintended consequences of advocacy by proxy included conflict and inefficiency, which were often unknown to the practitioner. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide practice-based knowledge about advocacy for children with disabilities, which may be used to inform further development of competency frameworks and continuing education for pediatric practitioners. The findings also show how everyday practices are influenced by policies and social discourses and how rehabilitation professionals may enact change. Implications for Rehabilitation Rehabilitation professionals frequently perform advocacy work. They may find it beneficial to perform advocacy work that is informed by overarching professional and ethical guidelines, and a nuanced understanding of local processes and structures. Competency frameworks and education for pediatric rehabilitation professionals may be improved by: encouraging professionals to consider how their practices, including their written documents, may affect parental burden, (mis)interpretation by document recipients, and potential unintended consequences. Policies and texts, e.g. privacy legislation and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), influence rehabilitation professionals' actions and interactions when supporting children with disabilities at school. An awareness of the influence of policies and texts may enable practitioners to work more effectively within current systems when supporting individuals with disabilities.
Strategies for Teaching Students to Think Critically

Critical thinking (CT) is purposeful, self-regulatory judgment that results in interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and inference, as well as explanations of the considerations on which that judgment is based. This article summarizes the available empirical evidence on the impact of instruction on the development and enhancement of critical thinking skills and dispositions and student achievement. The review includes 341 effects sizes drawn from quasi- or true-experimental studies that used standardized measures of CT as outcome variables. The weighted random effects mean effect size (g+) was 0.30 (p < .001). The collection was heterogeneous (p < .001). Results demonstrate that there are effective strategies for teaching CT skills, both generic and content specific, and CT dispositions, at all educational levels and across all disciplinary areas. Notably, the opportunity for dialogue, the exposure of students to authentic or situated problems and examples, and mentoring had positive effects on CT skills.
Commercial Media Literacy: What Does It Do, to Whom—and Does It Matter?

Commercially sponsored media literacy initiatives aimed at educating children about the persuasive nature of advertising are evaluated against implicit theories underlying their use, criticisms of the motivation behind their implementation, and effectiveness evidence. Media literacy intervention analysis should be situated more explicitly within the context of the age-related development of cognitive skills and also within the debate regarding possible negative impacts of persuasive communication. In addition, the debate, the development of future interventions, and research into the complex combination of factors influencing dietary and lifestyle choices should incorporate evolving media forms, media convergence, and the blurring of advertising, information, and entertainment. Recommendations for addressing the dearth of empirical data conclude the paper.
Categorización de texto en bases documentales a partir de modelos computacionales livianos

En este trabajo se presenta un nuevo categorizador de texto para bases de datos documentales. El categorizador propuesto corresponde a una extension del categorizador Naive Bayes que permite obtener buenos resultados en bases documentales con desbalance en datos de entrenamiento. Resultados experimentales permiten afirmar que el categorizador supera a Naive Bayes y se compara favorablemente con otras tecnicas mas sofisticadas como maquinas de soporte vectorial y regresion logistica sin incurrir en costos computacionales significativos en la fase de entrenamiento.
Assessing the Relative Bioavailability of DOC in Regional Groundwater Systems

It has been hypothesized that the degree to which a hyperbolic relationship exists between concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in groundwater may indicate the relative bioavailability of DOC. This hypothesis was examined for 73 different regional aquifers of the United States using 7745 analyses of groundwater compiled by the National Water Assessment (NAWQA) program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The relative reaction quotient (RRQ), a measure of the curvature of DOC concentrations plotted versus DO concentrations and regressed to a decaying hyperbolic equation, was used to assess the relative bioavailability of DOC. For the basalt aquifer of Oahu, Hawaii, RRQ values were low (0.0013 mM−2), reflecting a nearly random relationship between DOC and DO concentrations. In contrast, on the island of Maui, treated sewage effluent injected into a portion of the basalt aquifer resulted in pronounced hyperbolic DOC‐DO behavior and a higher RRQ (142 mM−2). RRQ values for the 73 aquifers correlated positively with mean concentrations of ammonia, dissolved iron, and manganese, and correlated negatively with mean pH. This indicates that greater RRQ values are associated with greater concentrations of the final products of microbial reduction reactions. RRQ values and DOC concentrations were negatively correlated with the thickness of the unsaturated zone (UNST) and depth to the top of the screened interval. Finally, RRQ values were positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), and the highest observed RRQ values were associated with aquifers receiving MAP rates ranging between 900 and 1300 mm/year. These results are uniformly consistent with the hypothesis that the hyperbolic behavior of DOC‐DO plots, as quantified by the RRQ metric, can be an indicator of relative DOC bioavailability in groundwater systems.
Effects of hepatic function on vancomycin clinical pharmacology

Using a recently developed radioimmunoassay, we performed 15 vancomycin pharmacology studies in cancer patients with infections. Vancomycin (500 mg) was infused intravenously for 30 min every 6 h for up to 7 days. The plasma disappearance curve was biphasic, with an initial half-life of less than 30 min. The second half-life (t1/2 beta), not dose related, varied from 1.4 to 231 h among the patients. In six studies of patients with normal hepatic functions, the t1/2 beta was 2.6 h; the rate of total clearance was 162 ml/min. In contrast, nine studies of patients with impaired liver function had a much longer t1/2 beta (37 h) and a decrease in the rate of total clearance to 48 ml/min. These factors resulted in an increase in the value of area under the concentration-time curve from 59 to 3,434 micrograms X h/ml. These results have demonstrated the importance of the effects of liver function on vancomycin disposition. The vancomycin dose and schedule should be adjusted for patients with liver impairment.
Model Checking for Security Protocols

Abstract : As more resources are added to compiler networks and as more vendors look to the World Wide Web as a viable marketplace the importance of being able to restrict access and to insure some kind of acceptable behavior even in the presence of malicious intruders becomes paramount. People have looked to cryptography to help solve many of these problems. However cryptography itself is only a tool. The security of a system depends not only on the cryptosystem being used but also on how it is used. Typically researchers have proposed the use of Security protocols to provide these security guarantees. These protocols consist of a sequence of messages - many with encrypted parts. In this paper we develop a way of verifying these protocols using model checking. Model checking has proven to be a very useful technique for verifying hardware designs. By modeling circuits as finite state machines and examining all possible execution traces modeling has found a number of errors in real world designs. Like hardware designs security protocols are very subtle and can also have bugs which are difficult to find.
Reproductive character displacement shapes a spatially structured petal color polymorphism in Leavenworthia stylosa

Character displacement is a potentially important process driving trait evolution and species diversification. Floral traits may experience character displacement in response to pollinator‐mediated competition (ecological character displacement) or the risk of forming hybrids with reduced fitness (reproductive character displacement). We test these and alternative hypotheses to explain a yellow‐white petal color polymorphism in Leavenworthia stylosa, where yellow morphs are spatially associated with a white‐petaled congener (Leavenworthia exigua) that produces hybrids with complete pollen sterility. A reciprocal transplant experiment found limited evidence of local adaptation of yellow color morphs via increased survival and seed set. Pollinator observations revealed that Leavenworthia attract various pollinators that generally favor white petals and exhibit color constancy. Pollen limitation experiments showed that yellow petals do not alleviate competition for pollination. Interspecific pollinator movements were infrequent and low hybridization rates (∼0.40–0.85%) were found in each morph, with natural rates likely being lower. Regardless, hybridization rates were significantly higher in white morphs of L. stylosa, yielding a small selection coefficient of s = 0.0042 against this phenotype in sympatry with L. exigua. These results provide support for RCD as a mechanism contributing to the pattern of petal color polymorphism in L. stylosa.
A Neyman-Pearson approach to universal erasure and list decoding

We study communication over an unknown, possibly unreliable, discrete memoryless channel. For such problems, an erasure option at the decoder is desirable. We use constant-composition random codes and propose a generalization of the Maximum Mutual Information decoder. The proposed decoder is parameterized by a weighting function that can be designed to optimize the fundamental tradeoff between undetected-error and erasure exponents. Explicit solutions are identified. The class of functions can be further enlarged to optimize a similar tradeoff for list decoders. The optimal exponents admit simple expressions in terms of the sphere-packing exponent, at all rates below capacity. For small erasure exponents, these expressions coincide with those derived by Forney (1968) for symmetric channels, using Maximum a Posteriori decoding. Thus for those channels at least, ignorance of the channel law is inconsequential.
The Clinical Bioinformatics Ontology: A Curated Semantic Network Utilizing RefSeq Information

Existing medical vocabularies lack rich terms to describe findings that are generated by modem molecular diagnostic procedures. Most bioinformatics resources were designed primarily to support the needs of the research community. We describe the development of a curated resource, the Clinical Bioinformatics Ontology (CBO), a semantic network appropriate for describing clinically significant genomics concepts. The CBO includes concepts appropriate for both molecular diagnostics and cytogenetics. A standardized methodology based on consistent application of RefSeq information is applied to the curation of the CBO in order to provide a reproducible and reliable tool. Challenges related to this curation process are discussed in this paper. At the time of submission the CBO included 4,069 concepts, associated by 8,463 relationships.
Motive und Barrieren für Social Software in Organisationen und im Krisenmanagement

Zusammenfassung Es existieren zahlreiche Motive und Barrieren zur Nutzung von Social Software in Unternehmen und Organisationen. Ein mögliches Anwendungsszenario ist das interorganisationale Krisenmanagement von Behörden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben, Unternehmen und Bürgern bei Großschadenslagen. In diesem Beitrag werden Motive und Barrieren der Nutzung von Social Software in Unternehmen herausgestellt. Hierauf aufbauend werden diese auf das interorganisationale Krisenmanagement übertragen und Besonderheiten herausgearbeitet. Ziel ist die Darstellung möglicher Motive zur Nutzung von Social Software in der interorganisationalen Krisenkooperation.
Wideband Loop Antenna With Electronically Switchable Circular Polarization

This letter presents a novel printed antenna with wide bandwidth, high gain, and reconfigurable circular polarizations. A loop antenna is printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate: A dual-p-i-n-diode loaded loop is printed on one side, while a dual-gap loaded smaller loop is printed on the other side. By controlling the on–off states of the p-i-n diodes, the polarization of the proposed antenna can be switched electronically to right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) or left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) over a wideband frequency range. A prototype is fabricated and measured to verify the performance of the antenna. The measured results indicate that the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of over 30%, and a 3-dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth of 12.7% and 14.9% for RHCP and LHCP, respectively. The measured gain is around 8 dBic for the LHCP state and 7 dBic for the RHCP state. Due to the advantages of wide overlapped bandwidth, simple feeding structure, and high gain, this antenna is promising for applications in dual-CP wireless communication systems.
Stereotyping Asian Americans: The Dialectic of the Model Minority and the Yellow Peril

ABSTRACT The model minority stereotype is viewed as the most influential and pervasive stereotype for Asian Americans today. In this article, the author argues that this seemingly positive stereotype, the model minority, is inseparable from the yellow peril, a negative stereotype, when Asian Americans are stereotypically represented in mainstream media texts. The model minority–yellow peril dialectic is explicated with the concepts of racial triangulation and the ambivalence of stereotypes. Racial meanings for Asian Americans cannot be discussed without considering both local and global contexts. The author explores historical, political, and economic contexts of both the United States and Asia in which the two stereotypes were produced and reproduced, and examines how the dialectic of the model minority and the yellow peril operates in a Hollywood film, Rising Sun.
Smoothing Spline ANOVA Decomposition of Arbitrary Splines: An Application to Eye Movements in Reading

The Smoothing Spline ANOVA (SS-ANOVA) requires a specialized construction of basis and penalty terms in order to incorporate prior knowledge about the data to be fitted. Typically, one resorts to the most general approach using tensor product splines. This implies severe constraints on the correlation structure, i.e. the assumption of isotropy of smoothness can not be incorporated in general. This may increase the variance of the spline fit, especially if only a relatively small set of observations are given. In this article, we propose an alternative method that allows to incorporate prior knowledge without the need to construct specialized bases and penalties, allowing the researcher to choose the spline basis and penalty according to the prior knowledge of the observations rather than choosing them according to the analysis to be done. The two approaches are compared with an artificial example and with analyses of fixation durations during reading.
Coverage of African Conflicts in the American Media: Filtering out the Logic of Plunder

AbstractThrough an analysis of the Liberian Civil War I argue that elite media and foreign policy decision makers share a classical set of assumptions about conflicts in the developing world that I call Westphalian. This paradigm privileges the Eurocentric nation state and its notions of power, ideology, and violence while intentionally or not, falsely reinforcing the rigid separation of government from the private economic sphere. In the end, this Westphalian lens of power obscures the new faces of transnational conflict networks and the importance of economic sub-state actors in creating violence based purely on economic motivations and greed
Do Yourself a Favor: We Help Our Future Selves for the Same Reasons We Help Others

As humans we have a remarkable capacity to sacrifice for the future, and an equally remarkable capacity to shortchange it, leaving our future selves to pay the price. The research in this dissertation suggests that sacrifice for the future (patience) may be governed by the same rules that govern sacrifice for others (altruism). Studies found that (1) patience was positively correlated with altruism, and (2) patience was positively correlated with empathic accuracy, a measure that predicted altruism. A third set of studies found that (3) a pervasive influence on altruism—group membership—also influenced patience. Participants who expected to switch groups in the future felt less connected to their future selves and left more than twice as much unpleasant work to the future. This research provides converging support for the hypothesis that common factors promote altruism and patience, suggesting that we may be able to draw on the decades of research studying kindness toward others to promote a little more kindness toward
A Multi- Study Program Recommender System Using Content-Based Filtering and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Methods

Deciding a field of study from several provided fields is one of the most essential moments in a new student life because it is related to the future he/she wants to be. Since there are many criteria that must be considered, then through this recommender system, students are able to know what fields are the most appropriate for them. This system is built based on Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method and Content Based filtering. When a student fills out a questionnaire, he must be consistent with his/her answer to obtain the best output based on his/her will and characteristics. After conducting some experiments of 100 respondents, 87 respondents succeeded filling out the questionnaire completely. Among provided field of studies, 22.99% of them chosen are medicine, 16.09% are accounting, and 5.7% are not chosen at all.
Anger recognition in audio-visual data

Although there exist quite a few techniques to recognize emotions in audio-visual data, there is still a major gap between the capabilities of humans and computers in this field. This paper is a search to the visible and audible features that could be used to automatically detect a persons emotional state from audio-visual data. While detecting emotions in audio-visual data is a broad field, we narrowed the research by picking one emotion, namely anger, that acts as a guideline through the research. Six different features were found that indicate whether a person is angry: facial expressions, gestures and postures, prosody, speech, respiration rate and pupil size. The current status of the automatic detection of these features are discussed and, where possible, improvements are proposed. The research shows that it is not desirable to determine a persons emotional state from one feature and that is why fusion of the features is important and of great value.
Optimal Matching Analysis: A Methodological Note on Studying Career Mobility

This article explores how Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA) can be applied to study career mobility. I first apply OMA to career history data to identify typical mobility paths. Then I test whether the mobility paths are selectively open to different people. This procedure provides a useful handle to map the opportunity structure of national labor markets.
Introduction to the special issue: The psychodynamics of adult attachments - Bridging the gap between disparate research traditions

John Bowlby’s theory of attachment has played a central role in the evolution of modern psychology. One reason Bowlby’s inuence has been so far-reaching is that he was usually creative in bringing together diverse research literatures. Although Bowlby was formally trained as a psychoanalyst, his quest to understand the nature of the infant-caregiver bond and its implications for personality development led him to cross traditional disciplinary borders, and his three-volume overview of attachment theory contains observations and insights from elds as diverse as ethology, cognitive science, sociology, and cybernetics. Although Bowlby was adept at integrating disparate intellectual threads, contemporary attachment researchers, by comparison, have tended to be isolationist in their scholarship. Researchers studying the implications of attachment in adulthood tend to fall into one of two groups, dened largely by disciplinary training. One group of researchers, typically trained in the developmental tradition, tends to emphasize adults’ representations of their attachment experiences and how those representations may inuence or predict the attachment organization of their children. The other group, typically trained in the social psychology or personality traditions, tends to focus on the application of attachment theory to the study of adult romantic relationships and personality processes. Although both groups draw on the same broad theoretical perspective to understand attachment processes in adulthood, they are apt to emphasize different components of the theory, conceptualize and measure individual differences in diverging ways, and publish in different journals. The objective of this special issue is to help bridge the chasm that has emerged between these two research groups. In that spirit, we have asked Phillip Shaver and Mario Mikulincer to contribute a target article on a theme that is of interest to both research traditions: the psychodynamics of attachment. Moreover, we have solicited commentaries from researchers with backgrounds in developmental, clinical, social, and personality psychology. There are at least two noteworthy features of this target article. First, Shaver and Mikulincer review a number of cutting-edge studies that help to elucidate the Attachment & Human Development Vol 4 No 2 September 2002 131–132