Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interstellar extinction variations in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The properties of ultraviolet extinction in the LMC are reexamined using some of the existing LMC data from the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite and a large number of new observations obtained during the IUE Sixth Episode. The main goal is to determine if the LMC extinction properties are regionally modulated and, if so, to examine the type and range of the variations. Among the new IUE observations presented is a large grid of unreddened LMC flux standards, which will eliminate spectral mismatch effects as complications in the extinction analysis. Eight new reddened stars were observed. The properties of the program stars are summarized; the method for producing the extinction curves (including the criteria for pairing reddened and unreddened stars) is discussed; and the curves themselves are presented and discussed.
On the turbulent spectrum of equatorial spread F: A comparison between laboratory and space results

[1] We compare space and laboratory instabilities of the flute mode type. In space the classic gravitationally driven Rayleigh-Taylor mode is studied. In the laboratory, centrifugal force provides an effective gravity. In both cases we find that classical diffusion is adequate to explain the spectrum but for different reasons. In particular, no drift wave modes need be involved to provide anomalous diffusion in the space case. Owing to the large physical space available in space, the spectrum covers a huge range of k values and drift waves are not generated. In the laboratory case the large fluctuation level is compressed into a small portion of k space. This greatly increases the drift wave growth rate. The space case is typically studied using radar Bragg scales deep in the diffusive subrange, scales which we think are populated by a three-wave coupling process. In the laboratory, drift waves are generated but are probably part of the overall linkage of large to small scales. Curiously, even though the spectra are quite similar, the evolution of the two systems seems to be quite different.
Abundances of Ultraheavy Elements in the Cosmic Radiation: Results from HEAO 3

We report here an analysis that, for the first time, systematically normalizes the data from the HEAO 3 Heavy Nuclei Experiment on . the cosmic-ray abundances of all the elements heavier than germanium to that of . iron. In the range of atomic number Z, 33 ≤Z ≤60, the analysis yields abundances of odd-even element pairs. These abundances are consistent with a cosmic-ray source having a composition similar to that of the solar system, but subject to source fractionation correlated with the first ionization potential (FIP) of each element. For Z > 60, the analysis yields abundances of element groups. For these heaviest nuclei, we find an enhancement of the abundance of the platinum group, elements with 74 ≤ Z ≤ 80, relative to that in a propagated solar system source, and a corresponding increase in the abundance of the largely secondary elements in the range 62 ≤ Z ≤ 73. These abundances suggest that there is an enhancement of the r-process contribution to the source nuclei in the Z > 60 charge region. Over the entire region of charge, standard leaky box models of propagation satisfactorily model secondary production.
A Group Construction Algorithm Based on Density and Closeness Clustering in Mobile Communication Networks

with the strong impact of OTT (Over The Top) business in the mobile Internet era, operators urgently need to discover the user value information from massive data to help them provide personalized accurate services and expand business customer services. The construction of social user groups based on mobile communication data can help operators to accurately analyze customer social structures, thus promoting quality service and improving marketing quality. In this paper, we design a set of social group construction algorithm based on user behavior characteristics excavated from massive user data in mobile communication network. Due to the huge volume of mobile communication data sets, a parallel design based on MapReduce is exploited. The experimental results show that the ADBLINKw algorithm performs well on the efficiency and community detection quality.
On ar(1) processes with exponential white noise

We consider the autoregressive model Xt= bXt-1= Ytwhere 0 ≤ b < 1 and Ytare independent random variables with an exponential distribution. The moments of the stationary distribution of Xtare calculated and the distribution of an approximation to the maximum likelihood estimator for b is derived. The result is used for a construction of a confidence interval for b.
Optimal placement of inertia and primary control in high voltage power grids

The energy transition’s ultimate goal is to meet energy demand from human activities sustainably. Accordingly, the penetration of new renewable energy sources (RES) such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines is increasing in most power grids. In their current configuration, RES are essentially inertialess, therefore, low inertia situations are more and more common, in periods of high RES production, making grid stability a high concern in power grids with high share of RES. It has been suggested that the resulting reduction of overall inertia can be compensated to some extent by the deployment of substitution inertia-synthetic inertia, flywheels, synchronous condensers aso. Of particular importance is to optimize the placement of the limited available substitution inertia. Here, we construct a matrix perturbation theory to optimize inertia and primary control placement under the assumption that both are moderately heterogeneous. Armed with that efficient tool, we construct simple but efficient algorithms that independently determine the optimal geographical distribution of inertia and primary control.
Systematic Analysis of 4f Core Photoemission Spectra in Actinide Oxides

Systematic analysis is carried out for 4 f core photoemission spectra of actinide oxides AcO 2 for Ac=Th∼Bk, using the impurity Anderson model including the exchange interaction J between 5 f electrons. The effect of J is important in explaining the observed photoemission spectra, especially for PuO 2 , AmO 2 and CmO 2 . It is shown that PuO 2 and BkO 2 are strongly mixed valence compounds.
A Study on Applying an Autoregressive Model with the Kalman Filtering in Accuracy Improvement of Dissolved Oxygen Measurement

The dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement plays a crucial role in every automatic aerator-control system for shrimp farming because the DO affects both the animal survival rate and the growth rate. As a consequence, the accuracy degree of the DO sensor matters. The sensor with high accuracy is not economical. Therefore, we propose a framework for accuracy improvement in the DO measurement of the low-cost sensor. The proposed framework is based on the Kalman filtering algorithm in which an autoregressive technique is used to model the state transition. Therefore, it does not require a complex DO dynamic model. Experimental results show that the framework can be used to improve measurement accuracy in most cases. In the best case, our proposed method increases the accuracy by 13.5%. However, the degree of improvement is on a small scale.
Comparison of GONG and MDI: Sound-Speed Anomalies beneath Two Active Regions

Travel times of acoustic waves are calculated from Dopplergrams of solar oscillations obtained using the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) ground-based network and the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) instrument on board the SOHO satellite. These travel times are inverted using a standard ray approximation to ascertain the sound-speed anomalies below two active regions. Some simple methods for ignoring the possibly corrupted measurements from within a sunspot are considered, as are diagnostics for optimizing the inversion. Results are then presented for two different spot regions, and the results of the instruments are compared: both regions behave in similar ways, and the agreement between the two instruments is good. First-skip and second-skip data are found to produce similar results for deeper layers of the model, but the significance of the shallower results from second-skip data is questionable. We conclude that GONG data are appropriate for time-distance analysis.
Comparison of Place-versus-Pitch Mismatch between a Perimodiolar and Lateral Wall Cochlear Implant Electrode Array in Patients with Single-Sided Deafness and a Cochlear Implant

Background: In electric-acoustic pitch matching experiments in patients with single-sided deafness and a cochlear implant, the observed “mismatch” between perceived pitch and predicted pitch, based on the amended Greenwood frequency map, ranges from –1 to –2 octaves. It is unknown if and how this mismatch differs for perimodiolar versus lateral wall electrode arrays. Objectives: We aimed to investigate if the type of electrode array design is of influence on the electric-acoustic pitch match. Method: Fourteen patients (n = 8 with CI422 + lateral wall electrode array, n = 6 with CI512 + perimodiolar electrode array; Cochlear Ltd.) compared the pitch of acoustic stimuli to the pitch of electric stimuli at two test sessions (average interval 4.3 months). We plotted these “pitch matches” per electrode contact against insertion angle, calculated from high-resolution computed tomography scans. The difference between these pitch matches and two references (the spiral ganglion map and the default frequency allocation by Cochlear Ltd.) was defined as “mismatch. ” Results: We found average mismatches of –2.2 octaves for the CI422 group and –1.3 octaves for the CI512 group. For any given electrode contact, the mismatch was smaller for the CI512 electrode array than for the CI422 electrode array. For all electrode contacts together, there was a significant difference between the mismatches of the two groups (p < 0.05). Results remained stable over time, with no significant difference between the two test sessions considering all electrode contacts. Neither group showed a significant correlation between the mismatch and phoneme recognition scores. Conclusion: The pitch mismatch was smaller for the perimodiolar electrode array than for the lateral wall electrode array.
COMPARISON OF LATERAL ABDOMINAL MUSCLE THICKNESS IN YOUNG MALE SOCCER PLAYERS WITH AND WITHOUT LOW BACK PAIN.

Background While researchers have investigated low back pain (LBP) and its association with the thickness of trunk muscles in the general population, few articles have studied this relationship in athletes. Hypothesis/Purpose To compare the lateral abdominal muscle thickness and other possible functional risk factors in young soccer players with and without LBP. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Thirty young male soccer players, with and without LBP, from the Premier League participated in this study. The thicknesses of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles were measured via musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, bilaterally. In addition, hamstring flexibility, lumbar spine flexion range of motion, and trunk extensor muscle endurance were measured and were compared in those with and without the history of LBP. Results The mean age of the subjects was 17.4 (+/- 1.1) years. There was no statistically significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). Subjects with a history of LBP during their lifetime of sports participation (sports life), within the prior year, and within the prior month had statistically significant lower external oblique muscle thickness bilaterally (p<0.05). Subjects with a sports life history of LBP had lower internal oblique muscle thickness on both sides (p<0.05). Moreover, those with a sports life history of LBP had significantly less hamstring flexibility than the non-LBP group on the dominant limb (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this sample group of young soccer players, abdominal muscle ultrasound measurements were different between players with and without LBP. Further longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the role of these muscles as LBP risk factor for soccer players. Levels of Evidence 3a.
Simultaneous study of individual and group patterns of latent longitudinal change using structural equation modeling

This article utilizes structural equation modeling for purposes of simultaneous study of individual and group latent change patterns on several longitudinally assessed variables. The approach is based on a special case of the comprehensive latent curve analysis by Meredith and Tisak (1990). Substantively interesting aspects of individual and group growth curves, as well as the interrelations among their patterns, are parameterized at the latent ability level. The method is illustrated on data from a two‐group study by Baltes, Dittmann‐Kohli, and Kliegl (1986).
Decomposition of unpolarized emissivity

Many satellite remote sensors perform unpolarized measurements. A systematic procedure to decompose measured unpolarized emissivity is proposed using the definition of total reflectivity and the relationship between vertically and horizontally polarized reflectivity. Two polarizations are retrieved for various view angles with mixed emissivity simulated using the refractive index of water for ultraviolet, visible, infrared and microwave wavelengths. The results indicate that the absolute bias errors are small and consistent within Brewster angles, irrespective of the wavelengths. However, the relative bias is less than 4% and 5% for vertical and horizontal polarization, respectively, for any instrument working at infrared and microwave wavelengths. The relative bias for horizontal polarization is 20–30% for ultraviolet and visible wavelengths due to small absolute reflectivity values. Consequently, the method proposed in this study is applicable to specular surfaces for various view angles without the dielectric properties of a medium being required.
Differential evolution algorithm for static and multistage transmission expansion planning

A novel differential evolution algorithm (DEA) is applied directly to the DC power flow-based model in order to efficiently solve the problems of static and multistage transmission expansion planning (TEP). The purpose of TEP is to minimise the transmission investment cost associated with the technical operation and economical constraints. Mathematically, long-term TEP using the DC model is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem that is difficult to solve for large-scale real-world transmission networks. In addition, the static TEP problem is considered both with and without the resizing of power generation in this research. The efficiency of the proposed method is initially demonstrated via the analysis of low, medium and high complexity transmission network test cases. The analysis is performed within the mathematical programming environment of MATLAB using both DEA and conventional genetic algorithm and a detailed comparative study is presented.
Algebraic connectivity of directed graphs

We consider a generalization of Fiedler's notion of algebraic connectivity to directed graphs. We show that several properties of Fiedler's definition remain valid for directed graphs and present properties peculiar to directed graphs. We prove inequalities relating the algebraic connectivity to quantities such as the bisection width, maximum directed cut and the isoperimetric number. Finally, we illustrate an application to the synchronization in networks of coupled chaotic systems.
The Bayesian elastic net

Elastic net (Zou and Hastie 2005) is a ﬂexible regularization and variable selection method that uses a mixture of L 1 and L 2 penalties. It is particularly useful when there are much more predictors than the sample size. This paper proposes a Bayesian method to solve the elastic net model using a Gibbs sampler. While the marginal posterior mode of the regression coeﬃcients is equivalent to estimates given by the non-Bayesian elastic net, the Bayesian elastic net has two major advantages. Firstly, as a Bayesian method, the distributional results on the estimates are straightforward, making the statistical inference easier. Secondly, it chooses the two penalty parameters simultaneously, avoiding the “double shrinkage problem” in the elastic net method. Real data examples and simulation studies show that the Bayesian elastic net behaves comparably in prediction accuracy but performs better in variable selection.
A genetic algorithm extended modified sub-gradient algorithm for cell formation problem with alternative routings

This paper addresses the cell formation problem with alternative part routes. The problem is considered in the aspect of the natural constraints of real-life production systems such as cell size, separation and co-location constraints. Co-location constraints were added to the proposed model in order to deal with the necessity of grouping certain machines in the same cell for technical reasons, and separation constraints were included to prevent placing certain machines in close vicinity. The objective is to minimise the weighted sum of the voids and the exceptional elements. A hybrid algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. The proposed algorithm hybridises the modified sub-gradient (MSG) algorithm with a genetic algorithm. MSG algorithm solves the sharp augmented Lagrangian dual problems, where zero duality gap property is guaranteed for a wide class of optimisation problems without convexity assumption. Generally, the dual problem is solved by using GAMS solvers in the literature. In this study, a genetic algorithm has been used for solving the dual problem at the first time. The experimental results show the advantage of combining the MSG algorithm and the genetic algorithm. Although the MSG algorithm, whose dual problem is solved by GAMS solver, and the genetic algorithm cannot find feasible solutions, hybrid algorithm generates feasible solutions for all of the test problems.
High resolution Fowler-Nordheim field emission maps of thin silicon oxide layers

An improved method for characterizing thin oxide films using Fowler‐Nordheim field emission is reported. The method uses a conducting‐tip atomic force microscope with dual feedback systems, one for the topography and a second for the field emission bias voltage. Images of the voltage required to maintain a 10 pA emission current through a 3 nm oxide film thermally grown on p‐type Si(100) demonstrate a spatial resolution of 8 nm.
Application of a fixed Eulerian mesh-based scheme based on the level set function generated by virtual nodes to large-deformation fluid-structure interaction

We apply a partitioned-solution (iterative-staggered) coupling method based on a fixed Eulerian mesh with the level set function to a large-deformation fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem where a large-deformable thin structure moves in a high-speed flow field, as an airbag does during deployment. This method combines advanced fluid and structure solvers-specifically, the constrained interpolation profile finite element method (CIP-FEM) for fluid Eulerian mesh and large-deformable structural elements for Lagrangian structural mesh. We express the large-deformable interface as a zero isosurface by the level set function, and introduce virtual nodes with level sets and structural normal velocities to generate the level set function according to the large-deformable interfacial geometry and enforce the kinematic condition at the interface. The virtual nodes are located in the direction normal to the structural mesh. It is confirmed that application of the method to unfolded airbag deployment simulation shows the adequacy of the method.
WGM microresonators: sensing, lasing and fundamental optics with microspheres

Glass microsphere resonators that support optical resonances known as whispering‐gallery modes are unique tools for studying and exploiting optical effects under extremely well controlled conditions. In this paper, a review focusing mostly on glass microsphere resonators is presented. First, a brief historical background is given in which we see how the state‐of‐the‐art has grown from novel optical resonators to the ultrahigh Q cavities used in cutting‐edge experiments. After the basic properties of microsphere resonators are outlined we will discuss some of the recent experiments involving microsphere resonators, although some discussion involving polymeric microspheres is also included. The use of doped and undoped microspheres in optical signal processing, optical sensing and quantum optics is highlighted. Finally, there is a brief review of recent optomechanical experiments that use microspheres.
Online Linear Programming with Uncertain Constraints : (Invited Paper)

There are many applications scenarios in different disciplines where the critical knowledge of decision making arrives in a sequential manner, so the optimization must be done in an online fashion. An important class of online optimization problems that have been extensively studied in the past is online linear programs. This paper tackles a general class of online linear programs that take into account the online arrival of the constraint entries related to the available budget and demand for different problem settings. This generalization is motivated by many recent applications on revenue management or resource allocation problems with the unknown and time-varying budget. As the main contribution of this paper, we propose a decoupling strategy that can be used to reduce the general problem into a series of subproblems with offline entries for the budget and demand. Using the proposed strategy, one can decouple the general problem, leverage the state-of-the-art algorithms for the online subproblems with fixed constraints, and achieve the same performance for the general problem. As for a case study, we apply the strategy to an extension of the one-way trading problem with the dynamic budget.
Wide Residual Network for Lung-Rads™ Screening Referral

Lung cancer has an increasing preponderance in worldwide mortality, demanding for the development of efficient screening methods. With this in mind, a binary classification method using Lung-RADSTM guidelines to warn changes in the screening management is proposed. First, having into account the lack of public datasets for this task, the lung nodules in the LIDC-IDRI dataset were re-annotated to include a Lung-RADSTM-based referral label. Then, a wide residual network is used for automatically assessing lung nodules in 3D chest computed tomography exams. Unlike the standard malignancy prediction approaches, the proposed method avoids the need to segment and characterize lung nodules, and instead directly defines if a patient should be submitted for further lung cancer tests. The system achieves a nodule-wise accuracy of 0.87±0.02.
Resource Allocation for Analog Network Coding Based Bidirectional Relaying

In this paper, we develop efficient power allocation schemes for bidirectional relaying when analog network coding is used. As compared to unidirectional relaying, analog network coding based bidirectional relaying reduces number of transmissions in the network and increases overall system rate. First, we study optimal power allocation for a three node network where only one relay node is used. Then we propose an efficient power allocation strategy for a general cooperative network architecture where multiple relays are employed to assist the user nodes. Results show significant performance improvement in terms of overall system rate, with increase in the number of relays in the network.