Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo brain connectivity: optimization of manganese enhanced MRI for neuronal tract tracing

One of the main problems in systems biology is to obtain information on signal processing between interconnected groups of neurons in highly distributed networks. The recently introduced technique of manganese (Mn 2+) enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to study neuronal connectivity in vivo opens the possibility to these studies. However, several drawbacks exist that challenge its applicability. High Mn 2+ concentrations produce cytotoxic effects that can perturb the circuits under study. In the other hand, the MR signal is proportional to the Mn 2+ concentration in tissue and thus, significant amounts of Mn 2+ are required to produce detectable contrast and reliable connectivity maps. Here we attempt to optimize the MEMRI technique by preventing toxicity and improving the quality and extension of the obtained connectivity maps. The somatosensory cortex of male SD rats was stereotaxically injected with different Mn 2+-containing solutions. Total amount of injected Mn 2+ ranged between 1 and 16 nmol and the injected volumes between 10 and 80 nL. Osmolarity and pH effects were investigated injecting pH buffered solutions of Mn 2+ (pH 7.3 in Tris-HCl buffer vs. 5.5 in H 2 O) at different concentration (0.05, 0.1 and 0.8 M MnCl 2). Same amounts of Mn 2+ (8nmol) delivered to the tissue at different infusion rates were also compared. Following the injection, T 1-weighted MR imaging (250 mm isotropic resolution) was performed in a 7T scanner at different time points. Fifteen days after the injection animals were sacrificed and brains processed for histology. Nissl staining as well as GFAP and NeuN immunohistochemistry (selective staining for astrocytes and neurons, respectively) were performed in the brain sections to examine cellular toxicity. All injections produced connectivity maps consistent with the known anterograde projections of SI cortex based on classical neuronal tract-tracing techniques. Our results show that pH buffered solution improve the effectiveness of MEMRI, increasing T 1 contrast in the projection sites. In addition, injections of pH buffered and isotonic solutions of 50 and 100 mM MnCl 2 yielded more extensive connectivity maps, in particular, ipsi-and contra-lateral corticocortical connections were evident in all animal injected with those solutions but not with the more usual MEMRI protocol (0.8M MnCl 2 in H 2 O). Hypertonic and non-buffered solutions containing 8nmol Mn 2+ resulted in neuronal death and astrogliosis in extensive areas around the injection point. In sharp contrast, no neuronal toxicity was observed with injections containing up to 8nmol of Mn 2+ …
Framing , Reference Points , and Preferences for Life Annuities

Although rational models of risk-averse consumers have difficulty explaining limited annuity demand, we have shown in previous work that re-framing the decision in consumption terms rather than investment terms significantly increases the relative attractiveness of life annuities. In this paper we test the relative effectiveness of our two framing contexts when different reference points are introduced, testing for loss aversion in both investment and consumption frames. We find that the positive effect of the consumption frame on annuity preferences is unchanged when the frame includes an annuity purchase price, confirming that this effect was not driven by the omission of the most obvious investment-oriented reference point. Similarly, manipulations of other reference points (the level of principal protection in the investment frame or the level of habitual spending in the consumption frame) have minimal effects. Taken together, these findings provide little evidence that reference points are an important determinant of annuity demand in either frame. They also confirm our prior finding on the importance of consumption versus investment framing on the attractiveness of life annuities. Acknowledgements: We thank Abby Bookman for exceptional research assistance. We are grateful to the Pew Charitable Trusts, MacArthur Foundation, the Mott Foundation, and the TIAA-CREF Research Institute for financial support. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget Office, the Pew Charitable Trusts, the MacArthur Foundation, the Mott Foundation, or the TIAA-CREF Institute.
A simple energy recovery circuit for high-power inverters with complete turn-on and turn-off snubbers

This paper presents and analyzes an active energy recovery circuit for the inductive turn-on snubber and capacitive turn-off snubber used on high-power gate-turn-off thyristor inverters. The circuit performs as a simple switched-mode power supply and recovers the inductive and capacitive snubbers energy induced in power inverters back into the dc rail with the aid of an extra switch. The features and operation of the proposed circuit are given and supported by PSpice simulations and experimental results.
Access control enforcement on outsourced data ensuring privacy of access control policies

Nowadays, data outsourcing has become a solution for many organizations especially large scale enterprises due to the high costs of in-house management of the rapidly growing data. Among all security requirements in this context, user access control and its following dynamic changes are of interest. In this paper, we propose an efficient and reliable mechanism to solve this problem in owner-write-users-read applications. A novel solution is introduced to enforce access control on outsourced data using the Chinese Remainder Theorem. The solution allows updating policy changes at a limited cost in terms of both computational power and the number of users' secret keys. Although the server, on which data is stored, is delegated for enforcing access control, access control policies are protected from being revealed to the server or the users. The solution is applicable to data outsourcing scenarios where users are anonymous but the server is still able to enforce the owner access control policies.
Time Series Prediction Based on Online Learning

We propose a robust recurrent kernel online learning (RRKOL) algorithm based on the celebrated real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) approach that exploits the kernel trick in a recurrent online training manner. The RRKOL algorithm automatically weights the regularized term in the recurrent loss function such that we not only minimize the estimation error but also improve the generalization performance via sparsification with simulation support.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Epilepsy, and Cerebral Palsy in Norwegian Children

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence of neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders individually, but few have examined them collectively, and there is uncertainty as to what extent they overlap. METHODS: The study has determined the proportions of children aged 0 to 11 years with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. The data were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Register, which is nationwide and contains diagnoses assigned by Norwegian specialist health services (hospitals and outpatient clinics). The Norwegian Patient Register started collecting individual-level data in 2008, and the follow-up period for the study is years 2008 through 2010. RESULTS: For ASD, ADHD, and epilepsy, the proportions were highest in the oldest children. At age 11 years, the incidence was 0.7% for ASD, 2.9% for ADHD, and 0.9% for epilepsy. The cumulative incidence is likely to be higher because some cases diagnosed before 2008 were probably missed. For CP, the proportions were ∼0.3% for age ≥5 years. There was considerable overlap between diagnoses. For all disorders, boys had a significantly increased risk. In school-age children (aged 6–11 years) the male/female ratio was 4.3 for ASD, 2.9 for ADHD, 1.2 for epilepsy, and 1.3 for CP. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate the significant burden of disease associated with neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and that this burden is disproportionately skewed toward boys.
Stress response coherence : does self-perceived stress and its interaction with physiological measures depend on the kind of stressor?

It is often assumed that the experience of stress correlates with physiological measurements of stress, a concept referred to as response coherence. While these correlations are often addressed in literature, the existence of response coherence remains controversial among researchers. This study discusses these inconsistencies and aims to make a contribution in understanding coherence. Therefore, this study examines whether the correlation between self-perceived stress and physiological measures exists, and if so, if these correlations depend on the type of stressor. A social stressor (the Sing-a-song Stress Test), an environmental stressor (a noise stress test) and a cognitive stressor (the beauty contest game) as well as baseline relaxation periods were presented. During the experiment, electrodermal activity, heart rate and self-perceived stress were measured. For each stressor, at least one correlation between a physiological measure and self-perceived stress was found. The environmental stressor showed correlations for every used measurement. However, the differences in correlations between the three stressors were not significant. This experiment cannot decisively conclude whether response coherence exists. However, it seems that response coherence does not vary on the type of stressor. The results can help giving directions to future studies that aim to detect the underlying mechanisms in stress coherence.
Fragmenting Steiner tree browsers based on Ajax

The proliferation of Web content and web based services urges the need for a browser that effectively and efficiently returns the information desired by a user. As long as the web search results are a set of individual lists, it is appropriate to display top-k result as an individual list of each and every web page by the web browser. However, in case the search result is a collection of multiple interrelated web pages, there is a need for a new display mechanism for fragmented web pages at a time. In this paper, we present a novel approach to design and develop a new kind of Fragmented Web browser that displays a Steiner tree as the unit of search result. The Steiner tree web pages that include a set of specific keywords are calculated by the weight from which the solutions are extracted. Additionally, even if a web page does not include all the keywords, the related web pages linked by the hypertext links are derived and displayed onto the fragmented web browser. In order to reach our goal, we design the web browser using AJAX technology as the code enables division of web pages synchronously, which has not been possible by applying the traditional methods. In this paper, we invented a new synchronized browser division method with which the searching time can drastically be reduced and the web searching efficiency can be dramatically enhanced without sacrificing memory consumption. We have experimented with a real-life data set to present the proof of concept of our work.
Sequential pattern based multi document summarization — An exploratory approach

Sequential Pattern Mining which aims to discover all frequent sequences of itemsets (patterns) from a large data collection has been applied in the Text Mining domain such as Text Categorization and Pattern Identification. However, in the area of Document Summarization the effort is still considered as green and exploratory. In the real world, a sentence is more than just a collection of un-ordered sequence of words, where each sentence carries their own meaning. By discovering these textual patterns is essential since the patterns can describe the text, by preserving the sequential order of the words in the document. Thus, the motivation here is to investigate the feasibility to develop a Sequential Pattern-based Summarizer model near future in order to reduce redundancy information from multiple text resources; at same time preserving the meaning of the original text document using the Semantic similarity approach. This paper reviewed some of the existing techniques in the area of multiple document summarizations to better understand the gap and issues underlying this area. By incorporating the semantic knowledge of sentences in the multiple documents is hoped to assist and alleviate the long-winding process for non-subject expert researches in trying to find the similarities and correlation between text resources.
Distributed Synchronous Infrastructure for Multimedia Streams Transmission and Processing

During 2007, CESNET has built a synchronous infrastructure for multimedia streams transmission and processing, which is based on the DiProNN nodes. The report presents both the DiProNN nodes developed by CESNET and the infrastructure itself. We show a sample scenario it might be used for and test the infrastructure's behaviour and performance limitations.
Cooperative Swarms for Clustering Phoneme Data

A new approach for clustering phoneme data is proposed. The proposed approach mimics the behavior of biological swarms seeking food located in different places. Best locations for finding food are in dense areas and, in a same time, in regions far from other places. We tackle phoneme clustering problem using particle swarm optimization(PSO) and utilizing multiple cooperating swarms to obtain cluster centers. The proposed approach is evaluated on phoneme data of TIMIT database. Experimental results show that the proposed clustering approach outperforms single swarm-based clustering as well as k-means, k-harmonic means, and fuzzy c-means clustering approaches.
Speed sensorless field oriented control of induction motor with rotor resistance adaptation

The authors present a method for estimating simultaneously the motor speed and the rotor resistance of an induction motor by superimposing AC components on the field current command. In addition, a rotor resistance adaptive scheme is proposed in order to decouple the rotor resistance adaptation with the motor speed variation. The validity of the proposed method has been verified by simulation. <<ETX>>
A Candidate Substellar Companion to HR 7329

We present the discovery of a candidate substellar companion from a survey of nearby young stars made with the Near-Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrometer coronagraph on the Hubble Space Telescope. The H ≈ 12 mag object was discovered approximately 4'' from the young A0 V star HR 7329. Using follow-up spectroscopy from the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph, we derive a spectral type between M7 V and M8 V with an effective temperature of ~2600 K. We estimate that the probability of a chance alignment with a foreground dwarf star of this nature is ~10-8, and therefore we suggest that the object (HR 7329B) is physically associated with HR 7329, with a projected separation of 200 AU. Current brown dwarf cooling models indicate a mass of less than 50 MJup for HR 7329B based on age estimates of ≤30 Myr for HR 7329A.
The instantaneous kinematics of manipulation

Dextrous manipulation planning is a problem of paramount importance in the study of multifingered robotic hands. In this paper, we show in general, that all system variables (the finger joint, object and contact velocities) need to be included in the differential kinematic equation used for manipulation planning, even if the manipulation task is only specified in terms of the goal configuration of the object or the contacts only. The dextrous manipulation kinematics that relates the finger joint movements to object and contact movements is derived. With the results of inverse and forward instantaneous kinematics, we precisely formulate the problem of dextrous manipulation and cast it in a form suitable for integrating the relevant theory of contact kinematics, nonholonomic motion planning, and grasp stability to develop a general technique for dextrous manipulation planning with multifingered hands.
Itemset Mining Based on Cofactor Implication

(Abstract) In this paper, we propose a new method for discovering hidden information from large-scale transaction databases by considering a property of cofactor implication. Cofactor implication is an extension or generalization of symmetric itemsets, which has been presented recently. Here we discuss the meaning of cofactor implication for the data mining applications, and show an efficient algorithm of extracting all non-trivial item pairs with cofactor implication by using Zero-suppressed Binary Decision Diagrams (ZBDDs). Finally, we show an experimental result to see how many item-sets can be extracted by using cofactor implication, compared with symmetric itemset mining. Our result indicates that the use of cofactor implication has a possibility of discovering a new aspect of structural information hidden in the databases.
Rule-based and Resource-bounded: A New Look at Epistemic Logic

Syntactic logics do not suffer from the problems of logical omniscience but are often thought to lack interesting properties relating to epistemic notions. By focusing on the case of rule-based agents, I develop a framework for modelling resource-bounded agents and show that the resulting models have a number of interesting properties.
Manipulation of flagellar driving force by local environmental control system with multiple nanoprobes

Micro/nano robots have been actively studied toward the realization. Now, the micro living organisms have been used as the driving forces for the micro objects. To achieve the fine manipulation of bio driven micro objects, the manipulation methods have to be established. Therefore, the local environmental control technique is desired to manipulate a single cell and to analyze the detailed properties. We have developed the local environmental control system with nano/micro dual pipettes, and achieved the quick-response and iterative rotational speed manipulation of Na+-driven flagellar motor, which is a rotary molecular machine, by switching the local spout between Na+-containing and Na+-free solutions with dual pipettes. In this paper, we upgrade our local environmental control system with nano/micro dual pipettes to achieve the quantitative and long-time-stable manipulation of the rotational speed of the Na+-driven flagellar motor. We demonstrate fine and long-time-stable rotational speed manipulation of Na+-driven flagellar motor by simultaneous local spouts of Na+-containing and Na+-free solutions using dual pipettes with controlling the spouting velocities independently. And, as the driving force, the rotational torque generated by the flagellar motor is estimated at the range from ∼2.3×103 to ∼2.8×103 pN· nm.
Co-design of many-accelerator heterogeneous systems exploiting virtual platforms

Modern multiprocessor heterogeneous systems incorporating multiple hardware accelerators on chip have resulted in an excessive increase in the complexity of hardware/software co-design. Designers have now to explore a design space including both per-accelerator architectural parameters as well as inter-accelerator combinations, i.e. different design configurations among the allocated accelerators, as each accelerator instance has different computational requirements, according to different input data, while throughput and area constraints should be met as well. Under such a system scenario, virtual platform prototyping suffers from increased design time phases, since it requires an exponentially larger number of evaluations to succeed adequate coverage of the design space. In this paper, we propose a co-design framework on top of virtual prototyping solution, customized for many-accelerator heterogeneous systems. The proposed framework defines separate configurations for each accelerator component of the virtual platform, instead of using only one common configuration, thus succeeding to meet both the area and the throughput constraints. In addition, as the design space size increases exponentially, the proposed framework utilizes process-based reconfigurable SystemC modules to intelligently bypass the non-productive simulation stages, thus delivering faster hardware/software co-design cycles. A case study emulating an heterogeneous server system for simultaneous video decoding of multiple streams shows the efficiency of the proposed approach, delivering design solutions with up to 1.58× improved area or 1.59× improved throughput, while achieving simulation time gains of 40%.
An embedded UHF RFID label antenna for tagging metallic objects

The drill strings used in oil drilling have a limited life in that a section may be used 400 times or until the diameter reduces 20 mm from wear against the surrounding rock. RFID labelling the pieces of the drill string allows the recording of usage and location data at a particular depth of the drill head, aiding in the planning of a rotation scheme, so that any one particular section is not constantly at a position of high stress. Such RFID tags embedded in metal may be used for other metal asset tracking applications. Previous work (Pope, G. et al., Proc. 1st Ann. Wireless and Portable Design Conf., p.240, 1997; Cole, P.H. and Hall, D.M., "Metal Screened Electronic Labelling System", PCTWO0005675, PCT/AU99/00587) has been performed at HF frequencies but there is increasing interest in UHF frequencies as the frequency of choice for object tracking (Cole and Hall). We show that suitable antennas can be made from capacitor structures sensitive to electric fields perpendicular to the metal surface. An HFSS simulation environment for antenna applications was used to relate simulated results to known empirical results from both publications and their own experiments. Both the simulations and the measurements indicate that the antenna concept is suited to the application.
Real-time face recognition using feature combination

We present an experimental setup for real time face identification in a cluttered scene. Color images of people are recorded with a static camera. A rough face detection is performed, and the resulting images are stored in a database. At a future time, a person standing in front of the camera (although against a different background) is identified, if their image was present in the database. In our experiments, the main variation of the faces is wide pose variation (out-of-image plane rotation of the head); some scale variation was also present. For real time ability, we use simple image features and a voting procedure for performing face recognition.
Localization of an Ia-bearing glomerular cell in the mesangium

Using trypsin to render intact, isolated rat glomeruli permeable to antibody, and using an electron microscopic immunoperoxidase technique, we have localized a phagocytic immunologically-relevant cell bearing Ia determinants to the renal mesangium. Thus there are at least two functionally distinct cell types in the renal mesangium: one is a contractile smooth musclelike cell, and the other a phagocytic cell that bears immunologically-relevant surface determinants.
Extracting Networks of People and Places from Literary Texts

We describe a method to automatically extract social networks from literary texts. Similar to those in prior research, nodes represent characters found in the texts; edges connect them to other characters with whom they interact, and also display sentences describing their interactions. Furthermore, other nodes encode places and are connected to characters who were active there. Thus, these networks present an overview of the “who”, “what”, and “where” in large text corpora, visualizing associations between people and places.