Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening of Wheat Genotypes (Triticum durum L.) in Response to Drought Stress by Some Physiological and Biochemical Indices

Among several factors known, drought remains the most important factor affecting wheat yield worldwide. Under the present study, total eleven wheat genotypes were screened to study the physiological and biochemical characters for drought tolerance. Pot experiment for two seasons was carried out with a view to understand the traits which help to find out the drought tolerant wheat genotypes quickly. Stress treatment was given on 60, 70 and 80 days after post-sowing and non stress (well watered) as control. Analysis of variance showed significant results for all traits studied. Stress significantly affected the 50% maturity and decreased the plant height, spike length and grain yield. Compared with drought susceptibly index (DSI), drought tolerance efficiency (DTE %) was found to be increased in all genotypes under stress conditions. Genotypes for membrane stability index (MSI %), proline and total soluble sugar content were also analyzed. Results showed that, increased MSI, proline, sucrose and glucose helped all genotypes to stand better under stress than control ones. Physiological characters are the yield stability parameters and could be useful for evaluating drought tolerance wheat genotypes while a biochemical character plays a role in osmotic adjustment including stabilization of cell membrane under stress conditions.
Cortical Tenting Grafting Technique in the Severely Atrophic Alveolar Ridge for Implant Site Preparation

Objectives:Alveolar ridge augmentation using intraoral autogenous block grafts to augment localized alveolar ridge defects before implant placement is a predictable method. However, large severely atrophic edentulous segments may require extraoral donor sites. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using intraoral cortical block grafts in combination with particulate human mineralized allograft, in a “tenting” fashion, to augment large atrophic alveolar ridge defects for implant placement. Materials:This prospective case study evaluated augmentation in 10 consecutive patients with severely resorbed alveolar ridges missing a minimum of 4 adjacent teeth. Before augmentation, all grafted sites were deemed inadequate for placement of a standard 4-mm-diameter implant. Horizontal ridge augmentation was performed using autologous membranous cortical bone grafts from an oral donor site to tent out the soft tissue matrix and periosteum for the adjacent particulate allograft. The ridges were clinically evaluated 4 to 5 months after augmentation, and 42 implants were placed at that time. Results:Implants were successfully placed at all grafted sites 4 to 5 months after the original graft date. Clinical evaluation of the grafted sites upon re-entry revealed uniform ridge anatomy. All edentulous segments had at least 2 implants placed of at least 4.0 mm diameter. In all, 42 implants were placed into grafted sites in the 10 patients. Implants were checked for osseointegration by using a counter torque of 35 N·cm. One implant failed to integrate. Mean follow-up was 22 months after implant placement. All augmented ridges had retained their functional and esthetic integrity at 1 year after original augmentation. Conclusion:Tenting of the periosteum and soft tissue matrix using a cortical bone block maintains space and minimizes resorption of the particulate allograft volume. In addition, bridging the cortical blocks with particulate bone avoids unaesthetic ridge defects between cortical block grafts in larger ridge defects. The result was a more uniform and esthetic alveolar ridge, capable of maintaining an implant-supported prosthesis. The technique offers predictable functional and esthetic reconstruction of large-volume defects without extensive amounts of autogenous bone. This offers a superior functional and esthetic result than with either cortical or particulate grafting alone.
Assessment of the effects of cellular tissue properties on ADC measurements by numerical simulation of water diffusion

The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as measured by diffusion‐weighted MRI, has proven useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of ischemic stroke. The ADC of tissue water is reduced by 30‐50% following ischemia and provides excellent contrast between normal and affected tissue. Despite its clinical utility, there is no consensus on the biophysical mechanism underlying the reduction in ADC. In this work, a numerical simulation of water diffusion is used to predict the effects of cellular tissue properties on experimentally measured ADC. The model indicates that the biophysical mechanisms responsible for changes in ADC postischemia depend upon the time over which diffusion is measured. At short diffusion times, the ADC is dependent upon the intrinsic intracellular diffusivity, while at longer, clinically relevant diffusion times, the ADC is highly dependent upon the cell volume fraction. The model also predicts that at clinically relevant diffusion times, the 30‐50% drop in ADC after ischemia can be accounted for by cell swelling alone when intracellular T2 is allowed to be shorter than extracellular T2. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accommodating Cultural Diversity

Contents: Foreword, The Honourable Justice Michel Bastarache Cultural diversity: normative theory and constitutional practice, Stephen Tierney. Part I The Evolving Theory of Cultural Diversity: The global diffusion of multiculturalism: trends, causes, consequences, Will Kymlicka Towards a hybrid theory of multinational justice, Helder de Schutter Putting Kymlicka in perspective: Canadian diversity and collective rights, Dwight Newman. Part II Institutional Accommodation in Theory and Practice: The Case of Aboriginal Peoples: Reasoning about the identity of Aboriginal people, Avigail Eisenberg Self-government in Canada: a successful model for the decolonization of Aboriginal child welfare? Sonia Harris-Short Cultural pluralism and the return of cultural heritage, Kathryn Last. Part III Diversity and Constitutional Interpretation: The reasonable person and the discrimination inquiry, Mayo Moran Quebec and the amending formula: protection, promotion and federalism, Peter C. Oliver Understanding the rule of law in Canada, Warren Newman Index.
Strategies towards Improved Feed Efficiency in Pigs Comprise Molecular Shifts in Hepatic Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

Due to the central role of liver tissue in partitioning and metabolizing of nutrients, molecular liver-specific alterations are of considerable interest to characterize an efficient conversion and usage of feed in livestock. To deduce tissue-specific and systemic effects on nutrient metabolism and feed efficiency (FE) twenty-four animals with extreme phenotypes regarding residual feed intake (RFI) were analyzed. Transcriptome and fatty acid profiles of liver tissue were complemented with measurements on blood parameters and thyroid hormone levels. Based on 803 differentially-abundant probe sets between low- and high-FE animals, canonical pathways like integrin signaling and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, were shown to be affected. Molecular alterations of lipid metabolism show a pattern of a reduced hepatic usage of fatty acids in high-FE animals. Complementary analyses at the systemic level exclusively pointed to increased circulating triglycerides which were, however, accompanied by considerably lower concentrations of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver of high-FE pigs. These results are in accordance with altered muscle-to-fat ratios usually ascribed to FE animals. It is concluded that strategies to improve FE might favor a metabolic shift from energy storage towards energy utilization and mobilization.
Browse-to-Search: Interactive Exploratory Search with Visual Entities

With the development of image search technology, users are no longer satisfied with searching for images using just metadata and textual descriptions. Instead, more search demands are focused on retrieving images based on similarities in their contents (textures, colors, shapes etc.). Nevertheless, one image may deliver rich or complex content and multiple interests. Sometimes users do not sufficiently define or describe their seeking demands for images even when general search interests appear, owing to a lack of specific knowledge to express their intents. A new form of information seeking activity, referred to as exploratory search, is emerging in the research community, which generally combines browsing and searching content together to help users gain additional knowledge and form accurate queries, thereby assisting the users with their seeking and investigation activities. However, there have been few attempts at addressing integrated exploratory search solutions when image browsing is incorporated into the exploring loop. In this work, we investigate the challenges of understanding users' search interests from the images being browsed and infer their actual search intentions. We develop a novel system to explore an effective and efficient way for allowing users to seamlessly switch between browse and search processes, and naturally complete visual-based exploratory search tasks. The system, called Browse-to-Search enables users to specify their visual search interests by circling any visual objects in the webpages being browsed, and then the system automatically forms the visual entities to represent users' underlying intent. One visual entity is not limited by the original image content, but also encapsulated by the textual-based browsing context and the associated heterogeneous attributes. We use large-scale image search technology to find the associated textual attributes from the repository. Users can then utilize the encapsulated visual entities to complete search tasks. The Browse-to-Search system is one of the first attempts to integrate browse and search activities for a visual-based exploratory search, which is characterized by four unique properties: (1) in session—searching is performed during browsing session and search results naturally accompany with browsing content; (2) in context—the pages being browsed provide text-based contextual cues for searching; (3) in focus—users can focus on the visual content of interest without worrying about the difficulties of query formulation, and visual entities will be automatically formed; and (4) intuitiveness—a touch and visual search-based user interface provides a natural user experience. We deploy the Browse-to-Search system on tablet devices and evaluate the system performance using millions of images. We demonstrate that it is effective and efficient in facilitating the user's exploratory search compared to the conventional image search methods and, more importantly, provides users with more robust results to satisfy their exploring experience.
Drugs in clinical development for multiple sclerosis: focusing on anti-CD20 antibodies

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), traditionally considered to be an autoimmune disease. Despite the standard of care for patients with MS is significantly improved in recent years, there is still room for improvement in terms of effectiveness and also compliance. Areas covered: The continuous improvements of our understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur in MS have translated into many novel therapeutic agents at different stages of development. A number of therapies for MS are in advanced development and likely to be available soon. Along with these, we have also seen the appearance of a group of drugs considered together as a consequence of their similar design: the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Here, the focus will be on reviewing results that have emerged from a better clarification of MS pathogenesis to clinical trials of different anti-CD20 mAbs. Expert opinion: The decision to switch established patients from well-known drugs to either new formulations or new agents will be made on balancing efficacy and tolerability of the existing treatments. Safety seems increasingly likely to become a key factor.
Walking in the Cloud: Parallel SimRank at Scale

Despite its popularity, SimRank is computationally costly, in both time and space. In particular, its recursive nature poses a great challenge in using modern distributed computing power, and also prevents querying similarities individually. Existing solutions suffer greatly from these practical issues. In this paper, we break such dependency for maximum efficiency possible. Our method consists of offline and online phases. In offline phase, a length- n indexing vector is derived by solving a linear system in parallel. At online query time, the similarities are computed instantly from the index vector. Throughout, the Monte Carlo method is used to maximally reduce time and space. Our algorithm, called CloudWalker, is highly parallelizable, with only linear time and space. Remarkably, it responses to both single-pair and single-source queries in constant time. CloudWalker is orders of magnitude more efficient and scalable than existing solutions for large-scale problems. Implemented on Spark with 10 machines and tested on the web-scale clue-web graph with 1 billion nodes and 43 billion edges, it takes 110 hours for offline indexing, 64 seconds for a single-pair query, and 188 seconds for a single-source query. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to report results on clue-web, which is 10x larger than the largest graph ever reported for SimRank computation.
Technical Note – Lateral Approach to the Lumbar Spine for the Removal of Interbody Cages

Revision surgery to address the migration or fracture of a lumbar interbody cage can be technically challenging. Scar tissue and fibrosis, among other anatomic barriers, can make removal of the cage a complicated procedure, potentially increasing postoperative pain as well as the probability of neurologic deficits. Use of the lateral surgical technique for removal of the cage can avoid these potential complications. In this case report, we describe the removal of interbody cages through a lateral approach in three patients without the necessity of additional posterior hardware revision.
Panic Attack Induced by a SingleDose of Prednisone

1. Product information. Doribax (doripenem for injection). Titusville, NJ: Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,October 2007. 2. Cirillo I, Redman R, Vaccaro N,et aI.Pharmacokinetics of doripenem in subjects withvarying degrees of renal impairment. Presented at the48th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy andthe46thAnnual Meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Washington, DC, October 25-28,2008. 3. FlorenL, WiklerM, KilfoilT,Ge Y. A phase 1open-label controlled studytoevaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK)of doripenem (DOR) administered intravenously to subjects with renal impairment. Presented at the44thAnnual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial AgentsandChemotherapy, Washington, DC,October30November 2,2004. 4. Tanoue K, Nishi K, Kadowaki D, Hirata S. Removal ofdoripenem duringhemodialysis andtheoptimum dosing regimen forpatients undergoinghemodialysis. TherApherDial20II ;15:327-33. 5. Craig WA. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice andmen. C1in Infect Dis 1998;26:1-12. 6. Fritsche TR,Stilwell MG,Jones RN.Antimicrobial activity of doripenem (S-4661): a global surveillance report(2003). ClinMicrobiol Infect 2005;II :974-84.
Pathophysiology of Keratoconus: What Do We Know Today

Keratoconus is a common corneal ectasia that leads to progressive visual impairment. Numerous studies have shown abnormal protein expression patterns in keratoconic corneas. However, the specific mechanisms causing this disease remain ambiguous. This review aims to provide an update on morphological studies of the keratoconic cornea, relate these early studies with current findings from proteomic, biochemical and cell culture studies and to postulate possible pathogenic pathways.
Negative Reputation Rate as the Signal of Risk in Online Consumer-to-consumer Transactions

Previous online reputation research has been focused on the effects of positive and negative reputations on trust formation, trading price, and probability of sale. We propose that negative feedback rate (NFR) is the most important indicator of the risk of buying from a seller online. This proposition has been supported by an empirical study based on data collected from eBay.com. We found that the 6-month NFR in the current period predicts much better the future risk measured by the NFR in the next 6-month period than did net reputation score and negative reputation score. A seller’s life-long negative score in fact was not significant in predicting the future risk. In addition, a seller’s age in the market was found to have similar predicting power on risk as did net reputation score.
An Average-Case Lower Bound against ACC 0

In a seminal work, Williams [22] showed that NEXP (non-deterministic exponential time) does not have polynomial-size ACC 0 circuits. Williams’ technique inherently gives a worst-case lower bound, and until now, no average-case version of his result was known. We show that there is a language L in NEXP and a function ε ( n ) = 1 / log( n ) ω (1) such that no sequence of polynomial size ACC 0 circuits solves L on more than a 1 / 2 + ε ( n ) fraction of inputs of length n for all large enough n . Comple-menting this result, we give a nontrivial pseudo-random generator against polynomial-size AC 0 [6] circuits. We also show that learning algorithms for quasi-polynomial size ACC 0 circuits running in time 2 n /n ω (1) imply lower bounds for the randomised exponential time classes RE (randomized time 2 O ( n ) with one-sided error) and ZPE / 1 (zero-error randomized time 2 O ( n ) with 1 bit of advice) against polynomial size ACC 0 circuits. This strengthens results of Oliveira and Santhanam [15].
Evidence of evolutionary optimization of fatty acid length and unsaturation

The lipid composition of cell membranes exerts a crucial influence on cell physiology. Indeed, one double bond triggers membrane fluidity, essential for cell functionality, but additional double bonds increase the susceptibility to peroxidation, which produces reactive compounds that impair the viability of cells. It has therefore been suggested, but never tested in an extensive comparative context, that the composition of membrane fatty acids has been optimized during evolution. A similar prediction has been made for fatty acid chain length, on which susceptibility to peroxidation also depends. Here I tested for stabilizing selection on fatty acid composition by evaluating the fitting of the single stationary peak (SSP) model of evolution to a large data set from 107 species of birds, against alternative evolutionary models. I found that across‐species variation in average chain length and in the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), but not in the proportion of polyunsaturated (PUFAs) nor saturated (SFAs) fatty acids, was better explained by SSP models than by other models. Results show optimum values of fatty acid chain length and proportion of MUFAs of 18 C atoms and 25.5% mol, respectively, the strength of stabilizing selection being particularly high in chain length. This is the first evidence of evolutionary optimization in fatty acid composition, suggesting that certain values may have been selected because of their adaptive capacity to minimize susceptibility to lipid peroxidation.
Serotonin receptor subtypes : pharmacological significance and clinical implications

Molecular analysis of serotonin receptor subtypes, R.L. Weinshank 5-HT1 receptor subtypes - pharmacological heterogeneity, M.C. Miguel and M. Hamon 5HT2-receptors - location, pharmacological, pathological and physiological role, J.E. Leysen pharmacological relevance of 5-HT3 receptors, J.R. Fozard uptake mechanisms and drug development, R.W. Fuller animal models of anxiety and aggression in the study of serotonergic agents, B. Olivier et al electrophysiological evidence for the distinct properties of presynaptic and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors - possible clinical relevance, C. de Montigny and P. Blier current concepts of the role of serotonin function in depression and anxiety, D.S. Charney and P.L. Delgado different 5-HT receptors modulate glutamate release in cerebellum (5-HT1 and 5-HT2) and cholecystokinin release in nucleus accumbens (5-HT3) - possible relevance to cerebellar ataxias and to anxiety, M. Raiteri et al serotonin and eating disorders - pharmacological relationships, G. Curzon 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and drug discovery, P.P.A. Humphrey.
A relationship between heat loss and sleepiness: effects of postural change and melatonin administration.

Both the pineal hormone melatonin (Mel) and postural changes have thermoregulatory sequelae. The purpose of the study was to evaluate their relationship to subjective sleepiness. Eight healthy young men were investigated under the unmasking conditions of a constant routine protocol. Heart rate, rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures (foot, Tfo; and stomach), and subjective sleepiness ratings were continuously recorded from 1000 to 1700. Mel (5 mg po) was administered at 1300, a time when Mel should not phase shift the circadian system. Both the postural change at 1000 from upright to a supine position (lying down in bed) and Mel administration at 1300 reduced Tre and increased Tfo in parallel with increased sleepiness. These findings suggest that under comfortable ambient temperature conditions, heat loss via the distal skin regions (e.g., feet) is a key mechanism for induction of sleepiness as core body temperature declines.
Cookbook: in situ code completion using edit recipes learned from examples

Existing code completion engines leverage only pre-defined templates or match a set of user-defined APIs to complete the rest of changes. We propose a new code completion technique, called Cookbook, where developers can define custom edit recipes—a reusable template of complex edit operations—by specifying change examples. It generates an abstract edit recipe that describes the most specific generalization of the demonstrated example program transformations. Given a library of edit recipes, it matches a developer’s edit stream to recommend a suitable recipe that is capable of filling out the rest of change customized to the target. We evaluate Cookbook using 68 systematic changed methods drawn from the version history of Eclipse SWT. Cookbook is able to narrow down to the most suitable recipe in 75% of the cases. It takes 120 milliseconds to find the correct suitable recipe on average, and the edits produced by the selected recipe are on average 82% similar to developer’s hand edit. This shows Cookbook’s potential to speed up manual editing and to minimize developer’s errors. Our demo video is available at https://www.youtube. com/watch? v=y4BNc8FT4RU.
A Bayesian Test for Comparing Classifier Errors

Multi-class classification algorithms have become an important tool for the analysis of neuroimaging data. Classification errors contain potentially important information that often goes unreported. It is therefore desirable to quantitatively compare patterns of errors between different experimental conditions. Here we present a Bayesian test that is based on comparing evidence in favor of two competing hypotheses, one stating dependence and one stating independence of two given error patterns. We derive analytical solutions for the likelihoods of both hypotheses. We compare the results from our new test with two other methods of comparing error patterns using data from an fMRI experiment and we substantiate reasons for adopting our proposal and for future work.