Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amplitude patterns of tsunami waves from submarine earthquakes

Excitation of tsunamis by submarine faults is studied with the purpose of revealing the relations that exist between seismic and tsunamigenic source parameters. Evidence is produced to show that the far-field deep-water wave amplitudes are determined by the relation e(r,ϕ,t)=[S0u0sinλsinδTs(ϒ)F(ϕ;ξ0;η0)]/[π3/2(αrt)1/2H] where δ and λ are the dip and slip angles, respectively, S0 = η0ξ0 is the tsunamigenic area, u0 is the fault dislocation, α is the group velocity of long gravity waves, and Ts(ϒ) is a calculable wave function that depends on the epicentral distance r, the mean ocean depth H, and the time t. The dependence of e on the azimuth angle ϕ and on the linear dimensions of the source is embodied in F. We have applied the above relation to four North Pacific earthquakes for which the seismic source parameters were derived from analyses of 236 signals of mantle Love and Rayleigh waves. The corresponding values of e were taken from observations of W. G. Van Dorn (1965). Solving for η0 and S0, we obtain, for example, a width of 20 km and a tsunamigenic area of about 1.2 × 104 km2 for the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964. Conversely, the above equation can be used to estimate u0, provided that e and S0 are known. Deep-water radiation patterns are derived: wave amplitudes in a direction normal to the fault exceed corresponding amplitudes in the fault's direction. Typical values for the ratio F (84°)/F(0°) are 2 : 1 for earthquakes with magnitude M ∼7¼, 5 : 1 for M ∼8, and 14 : 1 for M ∼8½. Observations tend to support these findings.
Collective Motion and Formation of Simple Interacting Robots

This paper reports collective behaviors of multirobot system with simple dynamics and interactions. The model for collective motion is described by fundamental kinetics and the dynamics of the heading which each element has as a degree of freedom. Firstly, we shows the system based on this model realizes various types of behavior according to the set of parameters in the model, which resembles to the behavior of livings such as fish, birds and small insects. Next, we refer to the behavior of the modified model improving the anisotropy of the interaction force. Especially, we discuss the characteristic of linear formation which is obtained by modifying the term of optimal distance between neighbors. Performance of the model is examined by both computer simulation and robot experiments
Current and tide observations in the southern Yellow Sea

Determination of mean currents and tides are particularly difficult in coastal regions. Flows are often nongeostrophic and short lived. Bathymetry is frequently not adequately known and can greatly influence coastal dynamics. To better quantify tides and currents in the southern Yellow Sea, three pressure gauges and three acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) were bottom moored for 4–6 month intervals at depths ranging from 77 to 89 m. Tidal range is over 2 m, and maximum current velocities are between 50 and 80 cm/s at the mooring locations. The present data are analyzed for 13 significant tidal constituents which are found to account for ∼85% of the sea surface height variability. M2 is the dominant constituent, followed by S2 and K1. Flow is dominated by the tides. Mean currents are relatively small, ranging from ∼1.5 cm/s at the northern mooring to ∼4 cm/s at the southern mooring. Delineations of barotropic and depth-dependent currents are made from the ADCP measurements in terms of mean and eddy kinetic energy. Currents are found to be most depth dependent in the near-surface layers. Approximately 85–90% of the eddy kinetic energy is depth independent.
Purification of Lectin from Larvae of the fly, Musca domestica, and in Vitro Anti-Tumor Activity in MCF-7 Cells

Abstract A new lectin was purified from larvae of the fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (MLL-2, 38 kDa) using affinity chromatography and HPLC. Anti-tumor activity of MLL-2 was demonstrated by its inhibition of proliferation of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The results of acridine orange staining indicated that MLL-2 caused apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. DNA fragmentation in MCF-7 cells has been detected by TUNEL. Flow cytometric analysis also demonstrated that MLL-2 caused dose-dependent apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through cell arrest at G2/M phase. The MLL-2 induced a sustained increase in concentration of intracellular free calcium. Western blot revealed that MLL-2 induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was associated with typical apoptosis proteins in the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, the caspase-3 activity in MCF-7 cells treated with MLL-2 for 48 hours was significantly increased compared to controls (407.4 ± 3.0 vs. 1749.2 ± 6.0, P <0.01). Since MLL-2 induced apoptosis in MCF-7cells the mitochondrial pathway may be the main pathway of antitumor activity.
Modeling JP-8 Fuel Effects on Diesel Combustion Systems

Abstract : The U.S. Army currently utilizes Jet Propulsion 8 (JP-8) and Diesel Fuel number 2 (DF-2) as the two prime fuels for ground mobility applications. These two fuels have significant physicochemical property differences (such as density, distillation curve, and cetane number) that may result in fuel-affected varying combustion behavior in diesel engines under various operating conditions. Since engine manufacturers rely solely on DF-2 for commercial vehicle applications most domestic industry, university, and national laboratory lead diesel engine combustion system research activities have not encompassed JP fuels. Instead, much effort has been spent exploring DF-2 evaporation behavior, pre-ignition kinetics, high pressure spray formation and subsequent energy release processes, particulate matter formation and oxidation, and nitrous oxide formation pathways under diesel relevant pressures and temperatures. To date, there is little information published in the literature on the topic of JP-8 spray combustion though some activities have recently begun to address specific sub-processes including low temperature chemistry, ignition chemistry, and turbulent flame speed, but at thermodynamic conditions near the lower end of typical diesel combustion conditions.
Toward a detector-based universal phone recognizer

In recent research, we have proposed a high-accuracy bottom-up detection-based paradigm for continuous phone speech recognition. The key component of our system was a bank of articulatory detectors each of which computes a score describing an activation level of the specified speech phonetic features that the current frame exhibits. In this work, we present our first attempt at designing a universal phone recognizer using the detection-based approach. We show that our technique is intrinsically language independent since reliable articulatory detectors can be designed for diverse languages, and robust detection can be performed across languages. Moreover, a universal set of detectors is designed by sharing the training material available for several diverse languages. We further demonstrate that our approach makes it possible to decode new target languages by neither retraining nor applying acoustic adaptation techniques. We report phone recognition performance that compares favorably with the best results known by the authors on the OGI Multi-language Telephone Speech corpus.
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Combined Features of HMM & SVM Algorithm

Speech is an interactive interface medium as it is possible to express emotions and attitude through speech. In this paper, a hybrid of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) has been proposed to classify four emotions viz. happy, angry, sad and aggressive. Combining advantage on capability to dynamic time warping of HMM and pattern recognition of SVM. HMMs, which export likelihood probabilities and optimal state sequences, have been used to model speech feature sequences i.e. our proposed system is trained using HMM algorithm for emotions considered, while SVM has been employed to make a decision i.e. for classification. The recognition result of the hybrid classification has been compared with the isolated SVM and the maximum recognition rates have reached 98.1% and 94.2% respectively.
Economic benefits associated with beta blocker persistence in the treatment of hypertension: a retrospective database analysis

Abstract Objectives: To assess the association between medical costs and persistence with beta blockers among hypertensive patients, and to quantify persistence related medical cost differences with nebivolol, which is associated with improved tolerability, versus other beta blockers. Methods: Adults who initiated hypertension treatment with a beta blocker were identified from the MarketScan claims database (2008-2012). Patients were classified based on their first beta blocker use: nebivolol, atenolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, and other beta blockers. Patients with compelling indications for atenolol, carvedilol or metoprolol (acute coronary syndrome and congestive heart failure) were excluded. Patients enrolled in health maintenance organization or capitated point of service insurance plans were also excluded. Persistence was defined as continuous use of the index drug (<60 day gap). The average effect of persistence on medical costs (2012 USD) was estimated using generalized linear models (GLMs). Regression estimates were used to predict medical cost differences associated with persistence between nebivolol and the other cohorts. Results: A total of 587,424 hypertensive patients met the inclusion criteria. Each additional month of persistence with any one beta blocker was associated with $152.51 in all-cause medical cost savings; continuous treatment for 1 year was associated with $1585.98 in all-cause medical cost savings. Patients treated with nebivolol had longer persistence during the 1 year study period (median: 315 days) than all other beta blockers (median: 156–292 days). Longer persistence with nebivolol translated into $305.74 all-cause medical cost savings relative to all other beta blockers. Limitations: The results may not be generalizable to hypertensive patients with acute coronary syndrome or congestive heart failure. Conclusions: Longer persistence with beta blockers for the treatment of hypertension was associated with lower medical costs. There may be greater cost savings due to better persistence with nebivolol than other beta blockers.
Tectonic and Environmental Evolutions of the Northern Tibetan Plateau Prior to the Collision of India with Asia

Tectonic and environmental patterns and evolution of the present North Tibetan Plateau (NTP) prior to the India collision with Asia is significant to understand the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and its influence on the environment. In this study, we integrated and analyzed the tectonostratigraphy and the special sedimentary layers whose climatic implications are clear in the NTP. Additionally, we stressed the tectonic and environmental events and their evolutions from the Mesozoic to the Early Cenozoic. Our results show that four tectonic phases, which sequentially took place during the Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene, played an important role on the formation of the North Tibet. The climate was basically dry and hot from the Triassic to the Eocene and became dry and cool since the Oligocene in this region. The climatic evolution was characterized by a transition from a wet and hot phase during the Triassic – Middle Jurassic, to a dry and hot phase during the Late Jurassic – Eocene. Both phases encompassed 5 wet and hot periods followed by 5 dry and hot climate events, respectively. In addition, we found that the tectonic deformation and the climatic conditions were spatially and temporally different. In detail, in the regions north of the Paleo‐Tian Shan and Paleo‐Qilian Mts. the tectonic deformation and climatic condition were stronger and wetter than in regions south of the Paleo‐Tian Shan and Paleo‐Qilian Mts. during the Late Triassic – Jurassic. Whereas in the Cretaceous, the tectonic movement was intensive in the west but steady in the east, and climate was dry in the south but wet in the north of NTP. The formation of the tectonic and climatic patterns in NTP were the consequence of either global climate change or regional tectonics, including the Paleo‐Asian Ocean closure and the Qiangtang block, Lhasa block and India plate collision subsequently to Asia. Furthermore, the regional tectonic events occurred before any global climate change and drove the climatic change in the NTP.
Heterosis Is Prevalent Among Domesticated but not Wild Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Crosses between inbred but unrelated individuals often result in an increased fitness of the progeny. This phenomenon is known as heterosis and has been reported for wild and domesticated populations of plants and animals. Analysis of heterosis is often hindered by the fact that the genetic relatedness between analyzed organisms is only approximately known. We studied a collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates from wild and human-created habitats whose genomes were sequenced and thus their relatedness was fully known. We reasoned that if these strains accumulated different deleterious mutations at an approximately constant rate, then heterosis should be most visible in F1 heterozygotes from the least related parents. We found that heterosis was substantial and positively correlated with sequence divergence, but only in domesticated strains. More than 80% of the heterozygous hybrids were more fit than expected from the mean of their homozygous parents, and approximately three-quarters of those exceeded even the fittest parent. Our results support the notion that domestication brings about relaxation of selection and accumulation of deleterious mutations. However, other factors may have contributed as well. In particular, the observed build-up of genetic load might be facilitated by a decrease, and not increase, in the rate of inbreeding.
Organic Metamorphism and the Generation of Petroleum

A scale referred to as "Level of Organic Metamorphism" (LOM) describes how far the thermal metamorphism of sedimented organic matter has progressed during subsurface burial. It represents a single, continuous numerical scale which is applicable to the entire thermal range of interest in the generation and destruction of petroleum. It is based on coal rank and is convenient for interrelating other useful scales of organic metamorphism. A relation of temperature to time for petroleum generation is based on LOM values of sedimentary rocks in the 9- to 16-LOM range with reasonably dependable maximum temperatures and effective heating times. The relation is nearly equivalent to a doubling of the reaction rate for each additional 10°C, and the apparent activation energies increase from about 18 to 33 kcal/mole as LOM increases from 9 to 16. The principal metamorphic stages of petroleum generation and a zone of initial oil-source-rock maturity are superimposed on graphs of LOM versus depth for two wells to illustrate the prediction of specific depths where oil, gas condensate, and high-temperature methane would be generated in petroleum source rocks at any given location.
Phase I Study of Random Healthy Donor–Derived Allogeneic Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Patients with Malignant Lymphoma or Advanced Solid Tumors

Completely allogeneic NK cells could provide a ready source of antitumor activity. This preliminary clinical trial shows that such cells are well tolerated and have potential benefits for cancer patients by upregulating the host immune responses against cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells with mismatched killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor–ligand pairs have shown efficacy and been proven safe in treatment of cancer patients. Ex vivo–expanded and highly activated NK cells (MG4101) had been generated under good manufacturing practice conditions, which demonstrated potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies. The current phase I clinical trial was designed to evaluate safety and possible clinical efficacy of repetitive administrations of MG4101 derived from random unrelated healthy donors into patients with malignant lymphoma or advanced, recurrent solid tumors. The maximum dose (3 × 107 cells/kg, triple infusion) was tolerable without significant adverse events. Of 17 evaluable patients, 8 patients (47.1%) showed stable disease and 9 (52.9%) showed progressive disease. We also evaluated the capacity of MG4101 to influence host immune responses. Administration of MG4101 augmented NKG2D expression on CD8+ T cells and upregulated chemokines that recruit T cells. In contrast, administration of MG4101 reduced regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and suppressed TGFβ production. In conclusion, administration of a large number of MG4101 cells was not only safe and feasible, but also exhibited efficacy in maintaining the effector arm of the host immune response. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(3); 215–24. ©2016 AACR.
Adverse effects of benfluorex on heart valves and pulmonary circulation

Benfluorex is responsible for the development of restrictive valvular regurgitation due to one of its metabolites, norfenfluramine. The 5‐HT2B receptor, expressed on heart valves, acts as culprit receptor for drug‐induced valvular heart disease (VHD). Stimulation of this receptor leads to the upregulation of target genes involved in the proliferation and stimulation of valvular interstitial cells through different intracellular pathways. Valve lesions essentially involve the mitral and/or aortic valves. The randomised prospective REGULATE trial shows a threefold increase in the incidence of valvular regurgitation in patients exposed to benfluorex. A cross‐sectional trial shows that about 7% of patients without a history of VHD previously exposed to benfluorex present echocardiographic features of drug‐induced VHD. The excess risks of hospitalisation for cardiac valvular insufficiency and of valvular replacement surgery were respectively estimated to 0.5 per 1000 and 0.2 per 1000 exposed patients per year. Recent data strongly suggest an aetiological link between benfluorex exposure and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The PAH development may be explained by serotonin, which creates a pulmonary vasoconstriction through potassium‐channel blockade. Further studies should be conducted to determine the subsequent course of benfluorex‐induced VHD and PAH, and to identify genetic, biological and clinical factors that determine individual susceptibility to developing such adverse effects. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On an Enhancement of XML Applied for Mobile E-Commerce

Extensible Markup Language XML is a textual markup language which becomes more and more important in the Internet web service. However, some distinct disadvantages exist in XML, such as its nature of redundancy, which consumes the limited network's bandwidth greatly especially in mobile computing. Considering the characteristics of the mobile commerce, the handsets' memory capability and data processing time are two problems for XML being applied. This paper studies an enhancement of XML for the purpose of application in mobile e-commerce, called SXML, which means Simple XML to enhance the XML used in mobile web service. It helps XML producers minimizing the size effects of XML, e.g., the size overhead and slow implementation speed. Comprehensive simulations show that the SXML could reduce the size of XML documents and reduce the time of implementation, consequently utilize the bandwidth effectively.
A new speed control method of induction motor

In recent years, the control of induction motor has become an important research topic and a variety of control methods have been born.This paper proposes a new motor speed control approach based on methods of synergetic control thoery, which combines the traditional speed closed-loop control and synergetic control. The new method gets rid of PI regulators compared to the traditional conrtrol methods and the algorithm is very simple. The result of simulation shows that this control system has good dynamic and static performance.
Human-Directed Search of Three-Dimensional Mesh Models Based on Shape Similarity

As the popularity of three-dimensional (3D) geometric models has increased, so too has interest in methods to search 3D models based on their shape similarity. Two of the most difficult problems in finding shape similarity between 3D geometric models are a feature vector that succinctly describes the shape of the model and a method to compute the distance between a pair of feature vectors that reflects user preferences. We describe a human-directed 3D shape similarity search method that reflects, to some extent, the user preferences by using a learning classifier. Given an example 3D mesh model, the system first retrieves, as an initial guess, a set of models that are similar to the query based only on an unbiased mechanical measure of the distance (i.e., the Manhattan distance) between a set of feature vectors. The user then iteratively refines the query by tagging a subset of the retrieved models as being either similar or dissimilar. The system learns the user's preference using a learning classifier support vector machine (SVM), so that the distance values between the set of feature vectors are altered to reflect these preferences. Experimental results show that our method is capable of retrieving 3D models that better reflect the preferences of the user than the simple method using only the Manhattan distance.
A review of the synthetic unit hydrograph: from the empirical UH to advanced geomorphological methods

Abstract This review paper critically examines one of the most popular flood hydrograph modelling techniques for ungauged basins, the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH), and its recent developments and advances. For this purpose, the SUH models were first grouped into four main classes, as follows: (a) traditional or empirical models; (b) conceptual models; (c) probabilistic models; and (d) geomorphological models. It was found that the geomorphological class is the most useful and interesting, since it is able to employ topographic information, so limiting the role of the calibration parameters. This review is expected to be helpful to hydrologists, water managers and decision-makers searching for models to study the flood hydrograph, modelling techniques and related processes in ungauged basins. It was completed as the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Decade (2003–2012) on predictions in ungauged basins (PUB), drew to a close. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor S. Grimaldi Citation Singh, P.K. , Mishra, S.K. , and Jain, M.K. , 2013. A review of the Synthetic Unit Hydrograph: from the empirical UH to advanced geomorphological methods. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (2), 239–261.