Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Power Allocation Algorithm with Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for Multi-Cell OFDMA Systems

Inter-cell interference is a serious problem in multi-cell OFDMA systems. In this paper, an iterative interference price based power allocation algorithm with inter-cell interference coordination is proposed for downlink multi-cell OFDMA systems. In the algorithm, each base station announces a price for interference and performs power allocation based on the price information received from other base stations with the objective of maximizing the net utility of the local cell. Through price information updating and transmit power reallocation in every iteration, the algorithm can intelligently coordinate the inter-cell interference in the system. Besides, the algorithm can be implemented distributedly with price information shared among neighboring cells. Considering the heavy feedback overhead from the users to the base stations, a simplified algorithm which considers only the major interference is also proposed. Simulation results show that when the inter-cell interference is serious, the proposed algorithms can effectively increase the transmission rate compared with iterative water-filling.
Relationship between Anxiety and Achievement Motivation of Chess Players

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and achievement motivation of Inter-University level male chess players. Method: 25 male chess players were randomly selected as subjects, who participated in East Zone Inter-University Chess Tournament-2012. Sports Achievement Motivation Test by M. L. Kamlesh and Sports Competition Anxiety Test constructed by Rainer Marten were administered to collect the data. Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Product Moment correlation were used for statistical analysis of the data at0.05 level of significance. Results: The results show that the mean SCAT Score was 19.08 and Achievement Motivation Score was 32.92 and there was no significant relationship between Achievement Motivation and Anxiety of male chess players of Inter-University level. Conclusion: It may be concluded that Sports Competition Anxiety has no significant effect on Achievement Motivation for inter-university level chess players.
Data Mining Apriori Algorithm for Heart Disease Prediction

 Abstract — Heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the modern society. Almost 60% of the world population fall victim to the heart disease. Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease, further investigation is still needed. Data mining, as a solution to extract hidden pattern from the clinical dataset are applied to a database in this research. The database consists of 209 instances and 8 attributes. The system was implemented in WEKA and MATLAB software and prediction accuracy within Apriori algorithm in 3 steps, are compared. MATLAB is introduced as better performance software.
Relationships between triathlon performance and pacing strategy during the run in an international competition.

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between athlete's pacing strategies and running performance during an international triathlon competition. METHODS Running split times for each of the 107 finishers of the 2009 European Triathlon Championships (42 females and 65 males) were determined with the use of a digital synchronized video analysis system. Five cameras were placed at various positions of the running circuit (4 laps of 2.42 km). Running speed and an index of running speed variability (IRSVrace) were subsequently calculated over each section or running split. RESULTS Mean running speed over the first 1272 m of lap 1 was 0.76 km·h-1 (+4.4%) and 1.00 km·h-1 (+5.6%) faster than the mean running speed over the same section during the three last laps, for females and males, respectively (P < .001). A significant inverse correlation was observed between RSrace and IRSVrace for all triathletes (females r = -0.41, P = .009; males r = -0.65, P = .002; and whole population -0.76, P = .001). Females demonstrated higher IRSVrace compared with men (6.1 ± 0.5 km·h-1 and 4.0 ± 1.4 km·h-1, for females and males, respectively, P = .001) due to greater decrease in running speed over uphill sections. CONCLUSIONS Pacing during the run appears to play a key role in high-level triathlon performance. Elite triathletes should reduce their initial running speed during international competitions, even if high levels of motivation and direct opponents lead them to adopt an aggressive strategy.
COMPRENSIÓN REFERENCIAL DE PALABRAS E IMÁGENES.

Este trabajo explora la comprension referencial de palabras e imagenes por parte de ninos pequenos y adultos. En un primer estudio ensenamos a 18 ninos de 30 meses de edad una palabra nueva (pompe) utilizando una fotografia que representaba a un objeto desconocido (objeto-meta). Luego les presentamos simultaneamente el objeto-meta y su imagen solicitandoles que indiquen cual era el pompe. Segun Preissler y Carey (2004), la eleccion del objeto real en esta prueba es un indicador de comprension referencial, mientras que la eleccion de la imagen indica que la palabra nueva se aprendio en forma asociativa. Encontramos que el 57% de los ninos eligio el objeto y el 43% su imagen. Dado que este resultado no clarificaba si los ninos comprendian la funcion referencial de la palabra, decidimos replicar la tarea con 20 adultos. El 49% de los participantes eligio el objeto y el 51% la imagen.Tanto para los ninos como para los adultos ambas alternativas, imagen y objeto, se relacionan referencialmente con la palabra aprendida. Los resultados se discuten en relacion a distintas investigaciones recientes en el area. Palabras Clave Comprension referencial, Imagenes, Palabras Abstract REFERNTIAL UNDERSTANDING OF WORDS AND PICTURES Thisworkexploresthereferentialunderstandingofwordsandpictures shown by toddlers and adults. In study 1, we taught 18 children of 30 months of age a new word (pompe) to designate an unknown object that was presented in a picture (target-object). Then, we showed them the unknown object and its picture simultaneously, and asked them to indicate which one was the pompe. According to Preissler and Carey (2004), the choice of the real object in this test evidences referential understanding, while the choice of the picture indicates that the new word was learned in an associative way. We found that 57% of toddlers chose the object and 43% chose its picture. Given that this result was not specific about children’s understanding of the referential function of this word, we conducted study 2 to replicate the task with 20 adults. Forty-nine percent of the participants chose the object and 51% selected the picture.For children and adults alike, both alternatives, picture and object, are referentially associated with the learned word. These results are discussed in relation to different studies in the field. Key Words Referential understanding, Pictures, Words
Photoemission study of onionlike carbons produced by annealing nanodiamonds

Photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the products resulting from high temperature phase transformation of nanodiamonds (ND). Depending on the temperature of annealing various particles with a diamond core covered by nanometer sized fullerene-like shells, and onionlike carbon (OLC) were formed. Analysis of the C1s photoemission lines of the intermediates of ND transformation, prepared at temperatures of 1420 and 1600 K and then exposed to atmosphere, reveals the presence of oxygen-containing groups and both sp 2 and sp 3 carbon. The sp 2 component for these samples has binding energies of 284.70±0.05 eV (for the sample prepared at 1420 K) and 284.50±0.05 eV (for the sample prepared at 1600 K). A difference of 1.3±0.1 eV in the binding energy of the sp 3 and sp 2 components was observed. The sp 2 component for OLC prepared at 1800, 1900, and 2140 K has a binding energy of 284.45±0.05 eV. The shift towards higher binding energies of the sp 2 component of the samples prepared at lower temperatures is explained by significant curvature of graphite layers formed in the initial stages of graphitization. The observed increase in density of states at the Fermi level for the samples prepared at 1600, 1800, and 1900 K is associated with an accumulation of different types of defects in the curved graphite layers during graphitization of diamond. The Lorentzian widths of C1s photoemission lines from OLC are large compared with those of HOPG. The possible reasons for this broadening are discussed.
CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES

Correct classification of seizure type and epilepsy syndrome are important first steps in the management of patients with epilepsy, providing critical information for choice of diagnostic tests, selection of optimal treatment, and determination of prognosis. The two currently accepted classifications are the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures and the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes. Epileptic seizures are divided into focal seizures, which begin in a localized region of one hemisphere, and generalized seizures, which involve both hemispheres at onset. Epilepsy syndromes are constellations of features such as seizure type, age of onset, etiology, interictal deficits, and EEG and neuroimaging findings. Epilepsy syndromes are divided into syndromes with focal seizures, syndromes with generalized seizures, undetermined syndromes, and special syndromes. They are further subdivided by etiology. Idiopathic syndromes have a presumed genetic etiology, while symptomatic epilepsies have a clearly identified cause. Probably symptomatic syndromes are those in which an etiology is suspected, but the exact cause cannot be determined. Over the past 6 years, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Classification and Terminology has proposed important modifications for these classification systems. In addition, a new diagnostic scheme for patients with epilepsy provides structure in the form of five diagnostic axes: ictal phenomenology, seizure type, epilepsy syndrome, etiology, and impairment. This chapter focuses on the current classifications and proposed diagnostic axes in adolescents and adults. Proposed modifications that reflect important changes in classification philosophy will also be discussed.
Synthetic Feedback Loop Model for Increasing Microbial Biofuel Production Using a Biosensor

Current biofuel production methods use engineered bacteria to break down cellulose and convert it to biofuel. A major challenge in microbial fuel production is that increasing biofuel yields can be limited by the toxicity of the biofuel to the organism that is producing it. Previous research has demonstrated that efflux pumps are effective at increasing tolerance to various biofuels. However, when overexpressed, efflux pumps burden cells, which hinders growth and slows biofuel production. Therefore, the toxicity of the biofuel must be balanced with the toxicity of pump overexpression. We have developed a mathematical model for cell growth and biofuel production that implements a synthetic feedback loop using a biosensor to control efflux pump expression. In this way, the production rate will be maximal when the concentration of biofuel is low because the cell does not expend energy expressing efflux pumps when they are not needed. Additionally, the microbe is able to adapt to toxic conditions by triggering the expression of efflux pumps, which allow it to continue biofuel production. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the feedback sensor model is insensitive to many system parameters, but a few key parameters can influence growth and production. In comparison to systems that express efflux pumps at a constant level, the feedback sensor increases overall biofuel production by delaying pump expression until it is needed. This result is more pronounced when model parameters are variable because the system can use feedback to adjust to the actual rate of biofuel production.
Secretory Pathway Quality Control Operating in Golgi, Plasmalemmal, and Endosomal Systems

Exportable proteins that have significant defects in nascent polypeptide folding or subunit assembly are frequently retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and subject to endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. In addition to this, however, there is growing evidence for post‐endoplasmic reticulum quality control mechanisms in which mutant or non‐native exportable proteins may undergo anterograde transport to the Golgi complex and post‐Golgi compartments before intracellular disposal. In some instances, these proteins may undergo retrograde transport back to the endoplasmic reticulum with re‐targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation pathway; in other typical cases, they are targeted into the endosomal system for degradation by vacuolar/lysosomal proteases. Such quality control targeting is likely to involve recognition of features more commonly expressed in mutant proteins, but may also be expressed by wild‐type proteins, especially in cells with perturbation of local environments that are essential for normal protein trafficking and stability in the secretory pathway and at the cell surface.
Benefit of amoxicillin in differentiating between TB suspects whose initial AFB sputum smears are negative.

SETTING Out-patient dispensary in Conakry, Guinea, West Africa. OBJECTIVE To differentiate between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-PTB diseases among 204 acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear-negative adult TB suspects. DESIGN We derived scores from clinical, serological and radiological findings among PTB suspects aged > or = 15 years who, after having had three AFB-negative smears, were treated for 10 days with amoxicillin (AMX, 1.5 g/day). RESULTS At the selected cut-off score from model 1 (clinical), sensitivity for PTB was 95%, specificity 40%, negative predictive value (NPV) 84%, and positive predictive value (PPV) 69%. Comparable values from model 2 (clinical + serological + radiological) were: sensitivity 99%, specificity 45%, NPV 97%, and PPV 71%. Results from AMX were better: sensitivity 92%, specificity 93%, NPV 94%, and PPV 91%. Of the 117 suspects who failed to respond clinically and radiographically to AMX and remained AFB smear-negative, 110 (94%) had PTB, confirmed either by positive culture (73 patients) or response to anti-tuberculosis treatment (37 patients). CONCLUSION The clinical and radiographic response to AMX is better than derived scores at differentiating between PTB and non-PTB in TB suspects presenting to a dispensary in Guinea, a low HIV-seroprevalence country.
Adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine system in optimal performance

Historically, the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine (LC‐NE) system has been implicated in arousal, but recent findings suggest that this system plays a more complex and specific role in the control of behavior than investigators previously thought. We review neurophysiological, anatomical, and modeling studies in monkey that support a new theory of LC‐NE function. LC neurons exhibit two modes of activity, phasic and tonic. Phasic LC activation is driven by the outcome of task‐related decision processes and is proposed to facilitate ensuing behaviors and to help optimize task performance. When utility in the task wanes, LC neurons exhibit a tonic activity mode, associated with disengagement from the current task and a search for alternative behaviors. Monkey LC receives prominent, direct inputs from the anterior cingulate (ACC) and orbitofrontal cortices (OFC), both of which are thought to monitor task‐related utility. We propose that these prefrontal areas produce the above patterns of LC activity to optimize the utility of performance on both short and long time scales. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:99–110, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Does the variation in the socioeconomic characteristics of an area affect mortality?

Our research in England has shown that the more deprived an area the greater its incidence of premature mortality.1 Wilkinson has argued that in the developed world income distribution is a more important predictor of life expectancy between countries than simply mean income.2 We aimed to determine whether the risk of mortality in a geographical area was related to the degree of socioeconomic variation within that area as well as the average level of deprivation. For each of the 8464 wards in England we obtained the Townsend deprivation index from the 1981 census1 and directly standardised all cause mortality for 1981-5. Mortality under the age of 65 was used as an indicator of premature mortality. Male and female mortality rates were averaged for each ward. Twenty four wards were …
Is central obesity, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia associated with high-grade prostate cancer? A descriptive cross-sectional study

Aims: The association of central obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia with higher grade advanced prostate cancer as determined by Gleason grading is not well understood. We evaluated the effect of central obesity waist hip ratio (WHR ≥ 0.9) and biochemical parameters associated with central obesity on Gleason grading in North Indian patients of prostate cancer presenting at advanced stages. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 nondiabetic patients having clinical stages III and IV prostate cancer. Gleason grading on core biopsy samples by histopathology was done and patients were divided in two groups—group1, Gleason score ≥8; group 2, Gleason score <8. WHR along with serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, insulin, and lipid profile was done in each patient. Results: The two groups are similar in Age (67.54 years); range (50-80 years). Group 1 men had statistically higher mean WHR (0.96 vs 0.90; P ≤ 0.001), higher mean triglyceride level (201.34 vs 150.52 mg/dL; P=0.0006), higher mean very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (40.27 vs 30.10 mg/dL; P =0.0006), higher mean insulin (19.49 vs 15.04 μIU/mL; P = 0.0024), and lower mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (32.39 vs 36.82 mg/dL; P = 0.034) than men in group 2. Serum levels of cholesterol, LDL, and testosterone did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: This pilot study involving small number of patients indicates that central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia could be associated with high-grade prostate cancer.
Metabolic Dysfunctions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Potential Metabolic Treatments

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by loss of motor neurons in brain and spinal cord. The death of motor neurons leads to denervation of muscle which in turn causes muscle weakness and paralysis, decreased respiratory function and eventually death. Growing evidence indicates disturbances in energy metabolism in patients with ALS and animal models of ALS, which are likely to contribute to disease progression. Particularly, defects in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction limit the availability of ATP to CNS tissues and muscle. Several metabolic approaches improving mitochondrial function have been investigated in vitro and in vivo and showed varying effects in ALS. The effects of metabolic approaches in ALS models encompass delays in onset of motor symptoms, protection of motor neurons and extension of survival, which signifies an important role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of the disease. There is now an urgent need to test metabolic approaches in controlled clinical trials. In addition, more detailed studies to better characterize the abnormalities in energy metabolism in patients with ALS and ALS models are necessary to develop metabolically targeted effective therapies that can slow the progression of the disease and prolong life for patients with ALS.
Input-Anticipating Critical Reservoirs Show Power Law Forgetting of Unexpected Input Events

Usually reservoir computing shows an exponential memory decay. This letter investigates under which circumstances echo state networks can show a power law forgetting. That means traces of earlier events can be found in the reservoir for very long time spans. Such a setting requires critical connectivity exactly at the limit of what is permissible according to the echo state condition. However, for general matrices, the limit cannot be determined exactly from theory. In addition, the behavior of the network is strongly influenced by the input flow. Results are presented that use certain types of restricted recurrent connectivity and anticipation learning with regard to the input, where power law forgetting can indeed be achieved.
The Open City

With the publication of The Rise of the Creative Class by Richard Florida in 2002, the â€˜creative cityâ€™ became the new hot topic among urban policymakers, planners and economists. Florida has developed one of three path-breaking theories about the relationship between creative individuals and urban environments. The economist A¥ke E. Andersson and the psychologist Dean Simonton are the other members of this â€˜creative troikaâ€™. In the Handbook of Creative Cities, Florida, Andersson and Simonton appear in the same volume for the first time. The expert contributors in this timely Handbook extend their insights with a varied set of theoretical and empirical tools. The diversity of the contributions reflect the multidisciplinary nature of creative city theorizing, which encompasses urban economics, economic geography, social psychology, urban sociology, and urban planning. The stated policy implications are equally diverse, ranging from libertarian to social democratic visions of our shared creative and urban future.
Sustainable Health Development Goals (SHDG): breaking down the walls

The world's governments failed to achieve the Health for All 2000 goals from the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978. Although a lot of milestones have been covered since 2000, the world's governing authorities are unlikely to achieve the current Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) which expire by the end of this year. The inability to achieve these goals may be linked to the multiplicity of health-related directives and fragmentation of health systems in many countries. However, with the proposed 17 sustainability development goals, health has only one universal aim: to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages. Accomplishing this will require a focus on health systems (system-thinking), commonization of services and full integration of services with total dismantling of vertical programs across the world.
Production and Characterization of Recombinant Mouse Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Rat Neurotrophin‐3 Expressed in Insect Cells

Abstract: Bioactive brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin‐3 were produced using the baculovirus expression system and purified to homogeneity using ion‐exchange and reversed‐phase chromatography. Yields of purified neurotrophin‐3 (300–500 μg/L) were similar to levels reported for baculovirus‐expressed nerve growth factor (NGF), whereas initial yields of BDNF were significantly lower (20–50 μg/L). Improved production of BDNF (150–200 μg/L) was achieved by expressing BDNF from a chimeric prepro‐NGF/mature BDNF construct using the Trichoplusia ni insect cell line, Tn‐5B1‐4. Examination of the distribution of BDNF protein from both the nonchimeric prepro‐BDNF and the chimeric prepro‐NGF/mature BDNF viruses in Sf‐21‐and Tn‐5B1‐4‐infected cells suggests a specific deficiency in the Tn‐5B1‐4 cells in processing the nonchimeric precursor. In addition, the vast majority of the BDNF protein at 2 days after infection was intracellular and insoluble. N‐terminal amino acid sequencing of purified recombinant BDNF and neurotrophin‐3 demonstrated that the insect cells processed their precursors to the correct N‐terminus expected for the mature protein. Bioactivity was characterized in vitro on primary neuronal cultures from the CNS and PNS.