Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algebraic factoring and rational function integration

This paper presents a new, simple, and efficient algorithm for factoring polynomials in several variables over an algebraic number field. The algorithm is then used iteratively, to construct the splitting field of a polynomial over the integers. Finally the factorization and splitting field algorithms are applied to the problem of determining the transcendental part of the integral of a rational function. In particular, a constructive procedure is given for finding the least degree extension field in which the integral can be expressed.
Gating and Braking of Short- and Long-Term Modulatory Effects by Interactions between Colocalized Neuromodulators

Spinal locomotor networks in the lamprey are modulated by tachykinin neuropeptides. A single 10 min application of the tachykinin substance P evokes a short-term (∼1 hr) presynaptic facilitation of glutamate release and the postsynaptic potentiation of NMDA responses. The latter effect induces a long-term (>24 hr) protein synthesis-dependent increase in the frequency of network activity. Tachykinins are contained in a ventromedial spinal plexus into which the medial dendrites of network neurons project. Neurons in this plexus also contain colocalized dopamine and 5-HT. Here, dynamic plasticity evoked by modulator interactions has been examined by investigating the effects of 5-HT and dopamine on specific cellular, synaptic, and network effects of substance P. Preapplied 5-HT blocked the substance P-mediated increase in the network burst frequency and the potentiation of NMDA-evoked cellular responses that underlies its induction. 5-HT also blocked the presynaptic facilitation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by substance P. The presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, effect of 5-HT was reduced by the protein phosphatase 2B inhibitor cypermethrin. Dopamine did not directly modulate the effects of substance P. However, it reduced the presynaptic interactive effect of 5-HT and thus gated the presynaptic potentiation of glutamatergic inputs by substance P. However, the substance P-mediated potentiation of NMDA responses was not gated by dopamine, and thus the long-term network modulation was not induced. Neuromodulator effects and their interactions can thus be modulated. By selecting components from the modulatory repertoire of substance P, these interactions evoke dynamic changes in short- and long-term synaptic and network plasticity.
Auditory hallucinations and the temporal cortical response to speech in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

OBJECTIVE The authors explored whether abnormal functional lateralization of temporal cortical language areas in schizophrenia was associated with a predisposition to auditory hallucinations and whether the auditory hallucinatory state would reduce the temporal cortical response to external speech. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signal induced by auditory perception of speech in three groups of male subjects: eight schizophrenic patients with a history of auditory hallucinations (trait-positive), none of whom was currently hallucinating; seven schizophrenic patients without such a history (trait-negative); and eight healthy volunteers. Seven schizophrenic patients were also examined while they were actually experiencing severe auditory verbal hallucinations and again after their hallucinations had diminished. RESULTS Voxel-by-voxel comparison of the median power of subjects' responses to periodic external speech revealed that this measure was reduced in the left superior temporal gyrus but increased in the right middle temporal gyrus in the combined schizophrenic groups relative to the healthy comparison group. Comparison of the trait-positive and trait-negative patients revealed no clear difference in the power of temporal cortical activation. Comparison of patients when experiencing severe hallucinations and when hallucinations were mild revealed reduced responsivity of the temporal cortex, especially the right middle temporal gyrus, to external speech during the former state. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with a reduced left and increased right temporal cortical response to auditory perception of speech, with little distinction between patients who differ in their vulnerability to hallucinations. The auditory hallucinatory state is associated with reduced activity in temporal cortical regions that overlap with those that normally process external speech, possibly because of competition for common neurophysiological resources.
Effect of Dietary Gluten on Dendritic Cells and Innate Immune Subsets in BALB/c and NOD Mice

The innate immune system is known to play an important role in oral tolerance to dietary antigens. This is important in development of celiac disease (CD) but may also be important in type 1 diabetes (T1D), and could potentially explain the reduced incidence of T1D in mice receiving a gluten-free (GF) diet. The direct in vivo effect of gluten on innate cells, and particularly dendritic cells (DC) is not sufficiently clarified. Therefore, we wished to investigate the innate cell populations of spontaneous diabetic NOD mice and healthy BALB/c mice kept on a GF or a standard (STD) gluten containing diet. We studied, by flow cytometry and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), if dietary gluten induces changes in the activation of DCs and distribution of selected innate cells in lymphoid, pancreatic and intestinal tissues in BALB/c and NOD mice. We found that a GF diet increased the percentage of macrophages in BALB/c spleen and of CD11c+ DCs in BALB/c and NOD spleen. Strictly gluten-free (SGF) diet increased the percentage of CD103+ DCs in BALB/c mice and decreased percentages of CD11b+ DCs in mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes in BALB/c mice. SGF diet in BALB/c mice also decreased DC expression of CD40, CCR7 and MHC-II in pancreatic lymph nodes. In conclusion, GF diet changes the composition of the innate immune system in BALB/c and NOD mice and increases expression of DC activation markers in NOD mice. These results contribute to the explanation of the low diabetes incidence in GF NOD mice. This mechanism may be important in development of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
Pulverizing the Monopoly of Mind: Three Roles of the Body in Cognition

For many decades, cognition has been viewed as a computational process in the brain. For cognition, the brain, body and the interaction with the environment are important. Conventional views are inclined towards the existence of discrete and internal representations realised by highly specific mechanisms in the brain. The Embodied approach challenges this view and accepts the evolution of cognitive abilities. There is a shift in focus from the belief that the brain is solely responsible for cognition to the thought that the body is somehow deeply integrated into cognition. However, it does not deny the central position of the brain in the process of cognition but opens the doors for other factors for integration. At the basic level, there are three ways in which an agent’s body can be utilised for the cognitive process. An agent’s body may help to generate, operate and distribute the cognitive processes. As a result, this approach tries to diminish the monopoly of the brain by taking into account the importance of the body and the environment for cognition.
Image Preprocessing of Fingerprint Images Captured with a Mobile Camera

In this paper, we introduce the recognition of fingerprint images captured with a mobile camera. The corresponding image preprocessing algorithms are also discussed. Some characteristics of fingerprint images captured with mobile cameras are quite different from those obtained by conventional touchbased sensors. For example, mobile camera images are colored while conventional touch-based sensors produce only black and white images. Also, the backgrounds, or non-finger regions, in mobile camera images are very erratic depending on how the image captures place and time. Images from conventional sensors always display uniform background regions which are very different from the fingerprint regions. Thus for the segmentation of the fingerprint regions from the background regions, we use not only texture information but also color and size information. The information on ridge orientations in fingerprint images is useful in most noise elimination and thinning processes, and the gradient-based approach is used typically for these processes. However, because the gradient-based approach is very weak at the outliers and because mobile cameras produce more noise than conventional sensors, we propose a robust regression method that removes the outliers iteratively and effectively. In the final preprocessing stage, we divide the fingerprint images into small blocks and estimate the quality of each image in terms of good or bad quality regions. This estimation is based on the consistency among the sub-block images, and bad regions are discarded in the later feature extraction stage. If the quality is too poor, then the whole image is rejected. Our experiments show that the proposed preprocessing algorithms produce better results than the conventional ones when they are applied to images captured by a mobile camera.
Condensed semantic tree model for image category representation

This paper presents a condensed semantic tree model for representing image category. For a specific application area, a semantic concept space is defined. According to the annotation for an image, a real-value semantic vector is gained that describes the content of it. In order to represent image category, condensed semantic tree model is introduced. It is a triple level structure. The bottom level is a semantic concept mask, which selects those concepts relevant to semantic category. The middle level is composed of three semantic modules, which extract high-level semantic of an image. The top level analyzes the probability that an image is belong to a specific image category. Every semantic category has different model configuration. The experimental results illustrate that the effectiveness of the proposed condensed semantic tree model is good.
he function of BMP 4 during neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus in lzheimer ’ s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related, progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of selected neurons throughout the basal forebrain, amygdala, hippocampus, and cortical area as well as progressive deficits of cognition and memory. The subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is one of the regions where adult neurogenesis occurs in mammals, including humans and non-human primates. The new granule cells, which are the primary excitatory neurons in the DG, contribute to the processes of learning and memory. The changes in neurogenesis observed during the initial stages and progression of AD suggest that the modulation of the new
Data clustering using multi-objective hybrid evolutionary algorithm

This paper proposes a multi-objective evolution strategy (ES) hybridized with a k-means algorithm to address a data clustering problem whose objective is minimizing both clustering error and cluster number. Contrary to the conventional data clustering problem with a predetermined number of clusters, the bi-objective problem considered in this study has a set of clustering solutions whose cluster numbers are different from one another. This enables to secure the best clustering result that fits specific needs without restricting the cluster number. To find the solution set, the hybrid ES evolves a population of solution candidates each of which represents a variable number of cluster centroids. While evolving the population, special ES operators dedicated to the bi-objective clustering problem are used. Whenever the hybrid ES creates a new set of cluster centroids, it is fine-tuned by the k-means algorithm. The experiment results show that the hybrid ES outperforms the conventional ES and KMA.
CMOS amplifier design for neural recording system

Neural recording is a way to learn, figure out and reserve the neural activities. The neural signal is in range of milihz-kilohz with amplitude of 50μV to 5mV, hence to read and understand such a small signal we need amplifier for amplifying such a small signal maintaining low noise and low power. In this paper we present two fully differential amplifiers i.e. Telescopic and Folded Cascode. They are designed on 0.18um technology with 3.3V supply voltage, according to the neural amplifier characteristics. In the previous it is reported the gain of neural amplifier is as 73db, noise efficiency factor of 5.55 and power per channel is 12. 75μW. This work gives gain of 74db, total output noise of 1.02189uV/rtHz within the frequency range 1Hz-10 kHz and power dissipation of 0. 2867μW for telescopic amplifier and for folded Cascode gain is 64 db, total output noise is 14. 589μV/rtHz within the frequency gain of 1Hz-10 kHz and power dissipation is 0.03466nW.
Combining Mahalanobis and Jaccard to Improve Shape Similarity Measurement in Sketch Recognition

Mahalanobis, Jaccard and others are similarity measurements which are commonly used in sketch recognition. Attempts to improve similarity measurement can be made by manipulating formulae and reducing the testing data set used but less effort are attempted to propose algorithm. Hence, the purpose of this study is to propose a new algorithm for a better method in shape recognition. To do so, Mahalanobis and Jaccard distance measures were combined to improve the similarity measure. The pre-processing involved feature analysis, shape normalization and shape perfection and data conversion into a binary. In the new algorithm, each edge of the geometric shape was separated and measured using Jaccard distance. Shapes that passed the threshold value were measured by Mahalanobis distance. The results showed that the similarity percentage had increased from 61% to 84%, thus accrued an improved average of 21.6% difference. Having this difference, the three outcomes of this study were a combined algorithm, a new technique of separating the strokes in Jaccard, and lastly, the use of extreme vertices in Mahalanobis similarity measurement to reduce computation time.
INSIST: Interactive Simulation in Smalltalk

A functional simulator/editor for VLSI design has been implemented in the Smalltalk-801 system. Users can explore their designs in an highly interactive and graphical manner with “close-to-reality” tools. The traditional sequence of editing, compiling and simulating the circuit is avoided. During editing, functional Modules can immediately respond to new connections. The simulator, called INSIST, strongly supports hierarchical simulation and design up to gate level. Hardware descriptions of the design can be generated for other CAD systems. From these descriptions layout has been generated. A RISC chip was entered and simulated at three hierarchical levels containing more than 50 Modules.
On incremental stability of time-delayed stochastic control systems

Incremental stability is a strong property of dynamical systems ensuring the uniform asymptotic stability of each trajectory rather than a fixed equilibrium point or fixed trajectory. Here, we introduce a notion of incremental stability for time-delayed stochastic control systems and provide a sufficient condition under which the time-delayed stochastic control systems are incrementally stable. We show the effectiveness of the proposed result on a numerical example.
Simple converter structure for fault tolerant motors

Critical electrical machines and drives systems used in diverse fields like aerospace, defense, medical, nuclear power plants, etc. require both special motor and converter topologies. In our days due to the recent technological advances and developments in the area of power electronics and motor control the fault tolerant electrical machine and drive concept reached a level where it begun to be feasible to be used widely in practice [1], [2]. Hence any new results obtained are of real interest for all the specialists working in these highly developed fields of electrical engineering. The paper presents an analysis of a nine phase fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous machine fed by a simple power converter under different realistic stator winding fault conditions. By advanced Flux 2D and Simulink transient cosimulations the behavior of the drive system under the considered four different winding fault conditions was studied. It was proved that using the simplified converter topology near the same torque development capability of the machine in faulty states can be assured.
Comparative Tests of Parasite Species Richness in Primates

Some hosts harbor diverse parasite communities, whereas others are relatively parasite free. Many factors have been proposed to account for patterns of parasite species richness, but few studies have investigated competing hypotheses among multiple parasite communities in the same host clade. We used a comparative data set of 941 host‐parasite combinations, representing 101 anthropoid primate species and 231 parasite taxa, to test the relative importance of four sets of variables that have been proposed as determinants of parasite community diversity in primates: host body mass and life history, social contact and population density, diet, and habitat diversity. We defined parasites broadly to include not only parasitic helminths and arthropods but also viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and we controlled for effects of uneven sampling effort on per‐host measures of parasite diversity. In nonphylogenetic tests, body mass was correlated with total parasite diversity and the diversity of helminths and viruses. When phylogeny was taken into account, however, body mass became nonsignificant. Host population density, a key determinant of parasite spread in many epidemiological models, was associated consistently with total parasite species richness and the diversity of helminths, protozoa, and viruses tested separately. Geographic range size and day range length explained significant variation in the diversity of viruses.
5G key technologies on mooc

Significant momentum has started to build around the idea of a fifth generation (5G) for wireless communication technology. In this paper, course of wireless communication including 5G key technologies are designed for mooc. The course introduces both theoretical knowledge and practical exercises. The new technologies such as software defined network, massive mimo, are well designed to help grasp the novel ideas of 5G.
Serial Entertainment: A Content Analysis of 35 Years of Serial Murder in Film

Serial murder is a rare phenomenon, yet an incredibly popular topic as evidenced by the availability of various types of entertainment media about serial murder. The present study provides a content analysis of serial murder in film utilizing 50 randomly selected films covering a 35-year period (1980-2015). Data were coded for 53 fictional killers and 362 victims to generate profiles of the typical serial killer and their victims in film. The results are discussed in relation to real-world data on serial murder to describe the accuracies and inaccuracies of the portrayal of serial murder in film.
Enactivist Interventions: Rethinking the Mind

1: Introduction 2: Variations on embodied cognition 3: Pragmatic resources for enactive and extended minds 4: Enactive intentionality 5: Action without representations 6: Perception without inferences 7: Action and the problem of free will 8: Making enactivism even more embodied 9: The upright posture: its current standing 10: The practice of thinking
Frequency sampling design of arbitrary-length filters for filter banks and Discrete Subband Multitone transceivers

Recently, a new method for the design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) prototype filters by frequency sampling for modulated filter banks was presented. In the previous work, we showed the algorithm for obtaining linear-phase prototype filters of restricted length: N=2mM, where m is an integer and M is related to the number of channels. Since fast algorithms of implementation for cosine-modulated filter banks have been proposed when the prototype filter length is N=(2p+1)M, we present the general expressions that allow us to obtain the arbitrary-length prototypes. These filters can be used for designing nearly perfect reconstruction modulated filter banks, as well as Transmultiplexers or Discrete Subband Multitone transceivers based on the above kind of filter banks. The analytical and simulation results show again that the designed system performance is extremely good.
Still Not Out of the Woods? New Jersey Schools during the Recession and Beyond

Schools are essential in forming human capital and in improving the long-term health of the economy. They are also heavily reliant on state and local funds, which were severely depleted during the Great Recession. To alleviate some of the strain on local budgets, the federal government passed and implemented a large stimulus package, which included funds for school districts. However, the stimulus funds were drawn down beginning in 2011, at a time when state and local revenues were still under pressure. In this paper, we use a detailed panel data set of all school districts in New Jersey for the period 1999 through 2012 and analyze the impact of this series of events on New Jersey school finances using a trend-shift analysis. We find that the recession led to cuts in funding and expenditure. While the stimulus served as an effective stopgap against major cuts, the picture was very different once the stimulus funds were depleted, with significantly deeper cuts in both funding and spending. With cutbacks in state aid and the withdrawal of the stimulus funding, local funding played a larger role, despite the fact that local funding was also decreasing relative to trend. Examining the components of expenditure, we find that instructional categories were prioritized over noninstructional, so instructional expenditure only sustained small cuts in the initial years after recession. But when the stimulus dried up and the economy was still stagnating, instructional expenditure received severe cuts. We analyze variations by metropolitan area, and find that Camden experienced the largest cuts while Wayne experienced the smallest (although the declines in funding and expenditure were still significant). Our findings are an important step in understanding how recessions and fiscal policy affect school finances and inform future policy decisions relating to school finances during fiscal crises.
Multi-robot exploration and fire searching

Exploration of an unknown environment is a fundamental concern in mobile robotics. This paper presents an approach for cooperative multi-robot exploration, fire searching and mapping in an unknown environment. The proposed approach aims to minimize the overall exploration time, making it possible to localize fire sources in an efficient way. In order to achieve this goal, the robots should cooperate in an effective way, so they can individually and simultaneously explore different areas of the environment while they identify fire sources. The proposed approach employs a decentralized frontier based exploration method which evaluates the cost-gain ratio to navigate to target way-points. The target way-points are obtained by an A* search variant algorithm. The potential field method is used to control the robots motion while avoiding obstacles. When a robot detects a fire, it estimates the flame's position by triangulation. The communication between the robots is done in a decentralized control way where they share the necessary data to generate the map of the environment and to perform cooperative actions in a behavioral decision making way. This paper presents simulation and experimental results of the proposed exploration and fire search method and concludes with a discussion of the obtained results and future improvements.