Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Compound Fluxes on A-TIG Welding Joint Depth of Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy

A-TIG welding for Cu-Cr-Zr copper alloy was carried out on the eleven pure surface activating fluxes including oxides, fluorides and chlorides on the welding formation and the weld D/W ratio by the means of super depth of field and metallurgical microscope. It was found that the oxides and fluorides could improve welding penetration remarkably, especially with CaF2,ZnF2,SiO2 andCr2O3. Four compound fluxes were chosen from the eleven pure surface activating fluxes, which could increase the penetration and modify the welding shape. An optimized formula composed of the four compounds (CaF2,ZnF2,SiO2 and Cr2O3) was developed by using the formula of uniform design method. It showed that the optimized formula could reach a good weld ability and its weld penetration was 2.5 times more than that of TIG.
Maximal Deviations of Incomplete U-statistics with Applications to Empirical Risk Sampling

It is the goal of this paper to extend the \textit{Empirical Risk Minimization} (ERM) paradigm, from a practical perspective, to the situation where a natural estimate of the risk is of the form of a $K$-sample $U$-statistics, as it is the case in the $K$-partite ranking problem for instance. Indeed, the numerical computation of the empirical risk is hardly feasible if not infeasible, even for moderate samples sizes. Precisely, it involves averaging $O(n^{d_1+\ldots+d_K})$ terms, when considering a $U$-statistic of degrees $(d_1,\;\ldots,\; d_K)$ based on samples of sizes proportional to $n$. We propose here to consider a drastically simpler Monte-Carlo version of the empirical risk based on $O(n)$ terms solely, which can be viewed as an \textit{incomplete generalized $U$-statistic}, and prove that, remarkably, the approximation stage does not damage the ERM procedure and yields a learning rate of order $O_{\mathbb{P}}(1/\sqrt{n})$. Beyond a theoretical analysis guaranteeing the validity of this approach, numerical experiments are displayed for illustrative purpose.
An Improved AC–DC Single-Stage Full-Bridge Converter With Reduced DC Bus Voltage

A new ac-dc single-stage voltage-fed pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) full-bridge converter is proposed in this paper. The converter can simultaneously perform input power factor correction and dc-dc conversion using conventional phase-shift PWM and can maintain a primary-side dc bus voltage of less than 450 V even at a high input line voltage of 265 Vrms. This is a combination of features that few, if any, other converters of the same type have. The proposed converter has these features due to the novel implementation of an asymmetrical auxiliary transformer winding that is placed in series with the input inductor and acts as a boost switch. In this paper, the operation of the proposed converter is explained in detail, its outstanding features are discussed, and a detailed design procedure is given and demonstrated with an example. Experimental results that confirm the feasibility of the converter and its ability to meet IEC1000-3-2 Class D standards for electrical equipment are also presented in this paper.
Multi-domain and mixed-signal simulation of System-on-Chip embedding MEMS

The aim of this paper is to deal with a new approach for the modelling and the simulation of mixed-signal multi-domain microsystems (MSMD) in the MATLABreg/Simulinkreg environment. MSMD are systems mixing different domains such as analog and digital electronics, radio-frequency modules, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), micro-optical-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS) and others on the same chip (system-on-chip: SoC) or in the same package (system-on-package: SoP). The heterogeneity of such systems can be seen at different abstraction levels. In fact this heterogeneity is mainly due to the multiphysic domains and also to the nature of the signals available on the chip. The creation of a virtual prototype of such microsystems is very useful because it allows to significantly shorten the design cycle and to reduce the design cost. Due to different domains, the mixed signals, the several non-linearities of the electrical components or MEMS devices and the interdependences of their subsystems, it is very complex to make a global simulation and optimization with traditional approaches and with the same simulator. Several modelling languages can be used, for example SPICE and VHDL-AMS, but one of the major disadvantages of these languages concerns the convergence of the simulation. MATLABreg/Simulinkreg is a powerful environment where several subsystems can be modelled with analytical equations, electrical circuits, etc. In this paper, we apply our approach to model and to simulate a self powered micro systems (SPMS) in this simulation environment. Several simulation results, made with different abstraction levels, have been compared and are in very good agreement. Moreover, we report in this paper cosimulation results obtained with Simulinkreg/SMASHtrade software. These results will prove the efficiency of our approach for the design of microsystems
Test investigation on interfacial characteristics of Cr/Al nanofilms structure

The objective of this paper is to provide a systematic test for fabrication or evaluation of a bilayer film structure between Cr and Al in micro/nanoelectronic manufacturing. The Cr/Al bilayer film is fabricated by using the magnetron sputtering. To understand the basic mechanical properties of the Cr/Al bilayer films, the elastic modulus and the hardness of the sample are investigated by using a nanoindenter test. The test can show the changing trend of the Cr/Al sample structure. To investigate the integrating characteristics of the sample in progress, the effect of the thermal cycling loading and no-thermal cycling loading on the integrating force of the Cr/Al samples is tested by using nanoscratch. The interfacial binding force in the films can be obtained for understanding the integrating characteristics. It builds a basis for future work on progress investigation of physical property of Cr/Al bilayer film structure.
Drosophila Tel2 Is Expressed as a Translational Fusion with EpsinR and Is a Regulator of Wingless Signaling

Tel2, a protein conserved from yeast to vertebrates, is an essential regulator of diverse cellular processes including telomere maintenance, DNA damage checkpoints, DNA repair, biological clocks, and cell signaling. The Drosophila Tel2 protein is produced as a translational fusion with EpsinR, a Clathrin adapter that facilitates vesicle trafficking between the Golgi and endosomes. EpsinR and Tel2 are encoded by a Drosophila gene called lqfR. lqfR is required for viability, and its specific roles include cell growth, proliferation, and planar cell polarity. We find that all of these functions of lqfR are attributed entirely to Tel2, not EpsinR. In addition, we find that Drosophila LqfR/Tel2 is a component of one or more protein complexes that contain E-cadherin and Armadillo. Moreover, Tel2 modulates E-cadherin and Armadillo cellular dynamics. We propose that at least one of the functions of Drosophila Tel2 is regulation of Wingless signaling.
Mandatory health insurance.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign requires that all students have health insurance. This includes students attending the Intensive English Institute. Students can get health insurance by: (1) purchasing University of Illinois student health insurance when they register at the IEI; or (2) purchasing private insurance in their home countries. If students purchase private insurance, there is a MINIMUM amount of coverage required as follows: (1) a minimum of $500,000 per illness or injury per academic year (2) no less than an 80%/20% benefit plan for inpatient, outpatient, surgical procedures, and mental health (3) the maximum annual deductible of $5,000.00 or less. • Students who purchase private health insurance must bring proof of coverage to the IEI office at the time of registration. • This proof must be in English • This proof must be in US Dollars • It must include information that shows the minimum coverage has been met.
The tissue factor/factor VIIa/factor Xa complex: A model built by docking and site‐directed mutagenesis

Factor X is activated to factor Xa (fXa) in the extrinsic coagulation pathway by the tissue factor (TF)/factor VIIa (fVIIa) complex. Upon activation, the fXa molecule remains associated with the TF/fVIIa complex, and this ternary complex is known to activate protease‐activated receptors (PARs) 1 and 2. Activation of fVII in the TF complex by fXa is also seen at physiologic concentrations. The ternary complexes TF/fVII/fXa, TF/fVIIa/fX, and TF/fVIIa/fXa are therefore all physiologically relevant and of interest as targets for inhibition of both coagulation and cell‐signaling pathways that are important in cardiovascular disease and inflammation. We therefore present a model of the TF/fVIIa/fXa complex, built with the use of the available structures of the TF/fVIIa complex and fXa by protein–protein docking calculations with the program Surfdock. The fXa model has an extended conformation, similar to that of fVIIa in the TF/fVIIa complex, with extensive interactions with TF and the protease domain of fVIIa. All four domains of fXa are involved in the interaction. The gamma‐carboxyglutamate (Gla) and epithelial growth factor (EGF1 and EGF2) domains of fVIIa are not significantly involved in the interaction. Docking of the Gla domain of fXa to TF/fVIIa has been reported previously. The docking results identify potential interface residues, allowing rational selection of target residues for site‐directed mutagenesis. This combination of docking and mutagenesis confirms that residues Glu51 and Asn57 in the EGF1 domain, Asp92 and Asp95 in the EGF2 domain, and Asp 185a, Lys 186, and Lys134 in the protease domain of factor Xa are involved in the interaction with TF/fVIIa. Other fX protease domain residues predicted to be involved in the interaction come from the 160s loop and the N‐terminus of the fX protease domain, which is oriented in such a way that activation of both fVII by fXa, and the reciprocal fX activation by fVIIa, is possible. Proteins 2003;53:000–000. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treating Arterial Stiffness Associated with Features of Metabolic Syndrome Not Included in its Diagnostic Criteria: Cutting Off the Heads of Lernaean Hydra, Keeper of the Underworld

The clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors, regardless if this is called metabolic syndrome (MetS) or not, substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. One of the possible mechanisms of the rise in CVD incidence is the increase in arterial stiffness (AS), which is a significant and independent CVD risk fac- tor. Hypertension has long been connected to AS. Besides MetS components (obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, dys- glycaemia), MetS-associated disease states, not included in the MetS diagnostic criteria (renal dysfunction, hyperuricae- mia, non alcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, polycystic ovary syndrome and hypercoaglutability) have been implicated in the increase of CVD risk through the increase of AS, among other mechanisms. Treatment options for AS induced by these non-diagnostic features of MetS are discussed. The impact of lifestyle changes is analyzed. Among pharmacological interventions, statin treatment seams to hold a pivotal role. Furthermore, we discuss specific measures for each disease state separately.
Classification of small boats using fuzzy classifier

Drug trafficking organizations are using “go-fast” boats, small fishing boats and commercial containers to smuggle illegal drugs. Because that, detection, classification, and tracking of small vessels are important tasks for improving the security of complex maritime systems. This paper presents a simple method based on the least square method, averaging operator, instead of T-norm operator, and triangular membership function with 0.5 interpolations, in order to get a singleton fuzzy classifier from experimental data. The maxim number of fuzzy rules is limited to the sum of the number of membership function of each input variable; it means that the number of fuzzy rules is reduced with respect to classical fuzzy systems. An application for boats classification from their acoustic signatures is shown.
Rigidified A3 Adenosine Receptor Agonists: 1-Deazaadenine Modification Maintains High in Vivo Efficacy.

Substitution of rigidified A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists with a 2-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)ethynyl) or a 2-(4-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl) group provides prolonged protection in a model of chronic neuropathic pain. These agonists contain a bicyclo[3.1. 0]hexane ((N)-methanocarba) ring system in place of ribose, which adopts a receptor-preferred conformation. N (6)-Small alkyl derivatives were newly optimized for A3AR affinity and the effects of a 1-deaza-adenine modification probed. 1-Deaza-N (6)-ethyl alkyne 20 (MRS7144, K i 1.7 nM) and 1-aza N (6)-propyl alkyne 12 (MRS7154, K i 1.1 nM) were highly efficacious in vivo. Thus, the presence of N1 is not required for nanomolar binding affinity or potent, long-lasting functional activity. Docking of 1-deaza compounds to a receptor homology model confirmed a similar binding mode as previously reported 1-aza derivatives. This is the first demonstration in nonribose adenosine analogues that the 1-deaza modification can maintain high A3AR affinity, selectivity, and efficacy.
Cost-Utility Analysis of Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Stent Retrievers in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Recently, 5 randomized controlled trials demonstrated the benefit of endovascular therapy compared with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute stroke. Economic evidence evaluating stent retrievers is limited. We compared the cost-effectiveness of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator alone versus mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator as a bridging therapy in eligible patients in the UK National Health Service. Methods— A model-based cost-utility analysis was performed using a lifetime horizon. A Markov model was constructed and populated with probabilities, outcomes, and cost data from published sources, including 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results— Mechanical thrombectomy was more expensive than intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator, but it improved quality-adjusted life expectancy. The incremental cost per (quality-adjusted life year) gained of mechanical thrombectomy over a 20 year period was $11 651 (£7061). The probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that thrombectomy had a 100% probability of being cost-effective at the minimum willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year commonly used in United Kingdom. Conclusions— Although the upfront costs of thrombectomy are high, the potential quality-adjusted life year gains mean this intervention is cost-effective. This is an important factor for consideration in deciding whether to commission this intervention.
Genome-Wide Study of the Adaptation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the Early Stages of Wine Fermentation

This work was designed to identify yeast cellular functions specifically affected by the stress factors predominating during the early stages of wine fermentation, and genes required for optimal growth under these conditions. The main experimental method was quantitative fitness analysis by means of competition experiments in continuous culture of whole genome barcoded yeast knockout collections. This methodology allowed the identification of haploinsufficient genes, and homozygous deletions resulting in growth impairment in synthetic must. However, genes identified as haploproficient, or homozygous deletions resulting in fitness advantage, were of little predictive power concerning optimal growth in this medium. The relevance of these functions for enological performance of yeast was assessed in batch cultures with single strains. Previous studies addressing yeast adaptation to winemaking conditions by quantitative fitness analysis were not specifically focused on the proliferative stages. In some instances our results highlight the importance of genes not previously linked to winemaking. In other cases they are complementary to those reported in previous studies concerning, for example, the relevance of some genes involved in vacuolar, peroxisomal, or ribosomal functions. Our results indicate that adaptation to the quickly changing growth conditions during grape must fermentation require the function of different gene sets in different moments of the process. Transport processes and glucose signaling seem to be negatively affected by the stress factors encountered by yeast in synthetic must. Vacuolar activity is important for continued growth during the transition to stationary phase. Finally, reduced biogenesis of peroxisomes also seems to be advantageous. However, in contrast to what was described for later stages, reduced protein synthesis is not advantageous for the early (proliferative) stages of the fermentation process. Finally, we found adenine and lysine to be in short supply for yeast growth in some natural grape musts.
A Tremendously Simplified Derivation of the Variance of Kendall's Τ

SUMMARY Given two rankings R 1 and R 2 of the first n natural numbers, Kendall (1938) defines a statistic, τ , which provides a measure of the correlation between the two rankings. An expression for the variance of τ is given in Kendall (1970), whose derivation is exceedingly complex and lengthy. In this paper, we present a tremendously simplified derivation of the variance of τ .
Role of Calcium in Phosphatidylserine Externalisation in Red Blood Cells from Sickle Cell Patients

Phosphatidylserine exposure occurs in red blood cells (RBCs) from sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and is increased by deoxygenation. The mechanisms responsible remain unclear. RBCs from SCD patients also have elevated cation permeability, and, in particular, a deoxygenation-induced cation conductance which mediates Ca2+ entry, providing an obvious link with phosphatidylserine exposure. The role of Ca2+ was investigated using FITC-labelled annexin. Results confirmed high phosphatidylserine exposure in RBCs from SCD patients increasing upon deoxygenation. When deoxygenated, phosphatidylserine exposure was further elevated as extracellular [Ca2+] was increased. This effect was inhibited by dipyridamole, intracellular Ca2+ chelation, and Gardos channel inhibition. Phosphatidylserine exposure was reduced in high K+ saline. Ca2+ levels required to elicit phosphatidylserine exposure were in the low micromolar range. Findings are consistent with Ca2+ entry through the deoxygenation-induced pathway (Psickle), activating the Gardos channel. [Ca2+] required for phosphatidylserine scrambling are in the range achievable in vivo.
INCLUSION MATCHING IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTOMATA MODULO THEORY (AMT)

The traditional realm of formal methods is the off-line verification of formal properties of hardware and software. In this technical report we describe a different approach that uses formal methods (namely the integration of automata modulo theory with decision procedures) on-the-fly, at the time an application is downloaded on a mobile application such as PDA or a smart phone. We also describe its integration with decision solver based on MathSAT and NuSMV, and the results of our experiments on matching. The idea behind security-by-contract is that a mobile application comes equipped with a signed contract describing the security relevant behavior of the application and such contract should be matched against the mobile platform policy. Both are specified as special kinds of automata and the operation is just an on-the-fly emptiness test over two automata modulo theories where edges are not just finite states of labels but rather expressions that can capture infinite transitions such as “connect only to urls starting with https://”.
Reclaiming the energy of a schedule: models and algorithms

We consider a task graph to be executed on a set of processors. We assume that the mapping is given, say by an ordered list of tasks to execute on each processor, and we aim at optimizing the energy consumption while enforcing a prescribed bound on the execution time. Although it is not possible to change the allocation of a task, it is possible to change its speed. Rather than using a local approach such as backfilling, we consider the problem as a whole and study the impact of several speed variation models on its complexity. For continuous speeds, we give a closed‐form formula for trees and series–parallel graphs, and we cast the problem into a geometric programming problem for general directed acyclic graphs. We show that the classical dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) model with discrete modes leads to an NP‐complete problem, even if the modes are regularly distributed (an important particular case in practice, which we analyze as the incremental model). On the contrary, the Vdd‐hopping model that allows to switch between different supply voltages (VDD) while executing a task leads to a polynomial solution. Finally, we provide an approximation algorithm for the incremental model, which we extend for the general DVFS model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coinductive approach to computing with compact sets

Exact representations of real numbers such as the signed digit representation or more generally linear fractional representations or the infinite Gray code represent real numbers as infinite streams of digits. In earlier work by the first author it was shown how to extract certified algorithms working with the signed digit representations from constructive proofs. In this paper we lay the foundation for doing a similar thing with nonempty compact sets. It turns out that a representation by streams of finitely many digits is impossible and instead trees are needed.
A plan for OLAP

So far, data warehousing has often been discussed in the light of complex OLAP queries and as reporting facility for operative data. We argue that business planning as a means to generate plan data is an equally important cornerstone of a data warehouse system, and we propose it to be a first-class citizen within an OLAP engine. We introduce an abstract model describing relevant aspects of the planning process in general and the requirements it poses to a planning engine. Furthermore, we show that business planning lends itself well to parallelization and benefits from a column-store much like traditional OLAP does. We then develop a physical model specifically targeted at a highly parallel column-store, and with our implementation, we show nearly linear scaling behavior.
Effectiveness of heat protection of fabrics loaded with phase change materials

Abstract Among different natural and non-corrosive products paraffin wax and camel fat are selected as phase change materials (PCM). These PCMs are applied to glass, polyester/viscose and wool/polyester woven fabrics. To examine their efficacy, their thermal behavior in a condition similar to the actual end uses is measured. Chemical nature and thermal properties of the PCMs are measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope and differential scanning calorimeter. A relation based on the principle of heat transfer is used to determine the temperature of a thermometer covered by fabrics loaded with PCMs. A simple exponential relation explains the experimental results. For glass and polyester/viscose fabrics use of these PCMs leads to substantial delays in the temperature changes. The important parameters for the evaluation of the products are discussed.