Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: Projections originating in the lateral nucleus

The amygdaloid complex receives sensory information from a variety of sources. A widely held view is that the amygdaloid complex utilizes this information to orchestrate appropriate species‐specific behaviors to ongoing experiences. Relatively little is known, however, about the circuitry through which information is processed within the amygdaloid complex. The lateral nucleus is the major recipient of extrinsic sensory information and is the origin of many intra‐amygdaloid projections. In this study, we reinvestigated the organization of intraamygdaloid projections originating from the lateral nucleus using the anterograde tracer Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA‐L). The lateral nucleus has highly organized intranuclear connections. Dense projections interconnect rostral and caudal levels of the lateral and the medial divisions of the nucleus, and the lateral and medial divisions of the lateral nucleus are also interconnected. The major extranuclear projections of the lateral nucleus are (in descending order of magnitude) to the accessory basal nucleus, the basal nucleus, the periamygdaloid cortex, the dorsal portion of the central division of the medial nucleus, the posterior cortical nucleus, the capsular division of the central nucleus, and the lateral division of the amygdalohippocampal area. The pattern of extranuclear projections varied depending on the rostrocaudal or mediolateral location of the injection site within the lateral nucleus. These findings indicate that intra‐amygdaloid projections originating in the lateral nucleus are both more widespread and more topographically organized than was previously appreciated. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and Computational Identification of a Conserved Bacterial Metabolic Module

We have experimentally and computationally defined a set of genes that form a conserved metabolic module in the α-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus and used this module to illustrate a schema for the propagation of pathway-level annotation across bacterial genera. Applying comprehensive forward and reverse genetic methods and genome-wide transcriptional analysis, we (1) confirmed the presence of genes involved in catabolism of the abundant environmental sugar myo-inositol, (2) defined an operon encoding an ABC-family myo-inositol transmembrane transporter, and (3) identified a novel myo-inositol regulator protein and cis-acting regulatory motif that control expression of genes in this metabolic module. Despite being encoded from non-contiguous loci on the C. crescentus chromosome, these myo-inositol catabolic enzymes and transporter proteins form a tightly linked functional group in a computationally inferred network of protein associations. Primary sequence comparison was not sufficient to confidently extend annotation of all components of this novel metabolic module to related bacterial genera. Consequently, we implemented the Graemlin multiple-network alignment algorithm to generate cross-species predictions of genes involved in myo-inositol transport and catabolism in other α-proteobacteria. Although the chromosomal organization of genes in this functional module varied between species, the upstream regions of genes in this aligned network were enriched for the same palindromic cis-regulatory motif identified experimentally in C. crescentus. Transposon disruption of the operon encoding the computationally predicted ABC myo-inositol transporter of Sinorhizobium meliloti abolished growth on myo-inositol as the sole carbon source, confirming our cross-genera functional prediction. Thus, we have defined regulatory, transport, and catabolic genes and a cis-acting regulatory sequence that form a conserved module required for myo-inositol metabolism in select α-proteobacteria. Moreover, this study describes a forward validation of gene-network alignment, and illustrates a strategy for reliably transferring pathway-level annotation across bacterial species.
Variation in fluid contacts in the Azeri field, Azerbaijan: sealing faults or hydrodynamic aquifer?

Abstract The Azeri field in the South Caspian Sea, offshore Azerbaijan, is a periclinal anticline 20 km in length containing multiple stacked reservoirs of Pliocene age. Appraisal wells that were drilled at the eastern end of the structure identified multiple oil–water contacts and fluid pressure gradients in both of the principal reservoirs, the Pereriv B and D. At the time, these data were interpreted to indicate the presence of compartments at the eastern end of the field as a result of sealing faults within the aquifer. This local compartmentalization seemed to be in marked difference to the majority of the field where pressure connectivity had been observed. A new analysis of the pressure data for the Pereriv B shows that aquifer pressures at sea‐level datum define a simple water potential gradient. As a result of this, the oil–water contact in this reservoir is gently inclined towards the NNE. The precise inclination and orientation of the oil–water contact has been determined geometrically using the depths and coordinates of free-water levels and oil–water contacts from around the field. The best-fit inclined oil–water contact for the Pereriv B also provides a good fit to the contact observed from seismic amplitudes. The new analysis provides a more optimistic view of reservoir connectivity, and the conceptual geological model for the eastern end of the field is now consistent with observations made in the rest of the Azeri field.
The genesis and pursuit of breakthrough innovation with the Drupal ecosystem as a living-lab for R & D management

In order to use imagination as a sound R&D management method, we need laboratories and experiments to test the validity of visions. In this paper, we explore the opportunity to conduct empirical research on the design of an innovation support system. In our case, the Drupal ecosystem is seen as an emerging living-lab for R&D management. The Drupal ecosystem has an intrinsic and high-technological culture and is therefore becoming an interesting innovation medium. A case study will introduce the Drupal ecosystem and its spontaneous innovation phenomena. An experiment, based on the Drupal case, is undertaken with a course called Web Service Development for Business, which has been running two years. This course demonstrates how self-organization could become an operational method via action research: planning, acting and reflecting. In our current reflection phase, we can imagine an opportunity to study the gaps between theory-based innovation management and information technology alignment. This allows us to design the Enterprise Innovation Planning system to provide information technology support for breakthrough innovation.
Optimization of turn geometries for microchip electrophoresis

Chip-based microcolumn separation systems often require serpentine channels to achieve longer separation lengths within a compact area. However, analyte bands traveling through curved channels experience an increased dispersion that can reduce the benefit of increased channel length. This paper presents analytical solutions for dispersions, numerical models for minimizing dispersion in microchannel turns, and experiments used to validate numerical models and to demonstrate the effectiveness of dispersion-reduction schemes. An analytical solution for the geometric dispersion caused by a constant radius turn is presented. We also propose metrics for characterizing the performance of miniaturized electrophoresis systems that utilize dispersion-introducing turns. The analytical solution and metrics can be used to determine when compensating turns should be used and when these turns are either not necessary or ineffective. For situations where a constant radius turn introduces significant geometric dispersion, numerical shape optimization routines were used to determine optimal geometries that minimize geometric dispersion while limiting reductions in channel width. Experiments using photobleached-fluorescence and caged-fluorescence visualization were conducted to validate the employed numerical models and to verify the turn designs proposed here.
Hearing an Illusory Vowel in Noise: Suppression of Auditory Cortical Activity

Human hearing is constructive. For example, when a voice is partially replaced by an extraneous sound (e.g., on the telephone due to a transmission problem), the auditory system may restore the missing portion so that the voice can be perceived as continuous (Miller and Licklider, 1950; for review, see Bregman, 1990; Warren, 1999). The neural mechanisms underlying this continuity illusion have been studied mostly with schematic stimuli (e.g., simple tones) and are still a matter of debate (for review, see Petkov and Sutter, 2011). The goal of the present study was to elucidate how these mechanisms operate under more natural conditions. Using psychophysics and electroencephalography (EEG), we assessed simultaneously the perceived continuity of a human vowel sound through interrupting noise and the concurrent neural activity. We found that vowel continuity illusions were accompanied by a suppression of the 4 Hz EEG power in auditory cortex (AC) that was evoked by the vowel interruption. This suppression was stronger than the suppression accompanying continuity illusions of a simple tone. Finally, continuity perception and 4 Hz power depended on the intactness of the sound that preceded the vowel (i.e., the auditory context). These findings show that a natural sound may be restored during noise due to the suppression of 4 Hz AC activity evoked early during the noise. This mechanism may attenuate sudden pitch changes, adapt the resistance of the auditory system to extraneous sounds across auditory scenes, and provide a useful model for assisted hearing devices.
Prevalence and characterization of integrons from bacteria isolated from a slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant.

OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence and distribution of integron-carrying bacteria from a slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). METHODS Enterobacteriaceae and aeromonads were isolated at different stages of the wastewater treatment process and screened for the presence of integrase genes by dot-blot hybridization. Integrase-positive strains were characterized in terms of phylogenetic affiliation, genetic content of integrons and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Plasmid location of some integrons was established by Southern-blot hybridization. Strains containing integron-carrying plasmids were selected for mating experiments. RESULTS Integrase genes were present in all samples, including the final effluent. The global prevalence was determined to be 35%, higher than in other aquatic environments. Forty-two integrase-positive isolates were further characterized. Nine distinct cassette arrays were found, containing genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (bla(OXA-30)), aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, aadA13, aadB), streptothricin (sat1, sat2), trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA12), a putative esterase (estX) and a protein with unknown function (orfF). Gene cassette arrays aadA1, dfrAI-aadA1 and estX-sat2-aadA1 were common to aeromonads and Enterobacteriaceae. The class 2 integron containing an estX-sat2-aadA1 cassette array was detected for the first time in Aeromonas sp. Nearly 12% (5 out of 43) of intI genes were located in plasmids. intI genes from isolates MM.1. 3 and MM.1. 5 were successfully conjugated into Escherichia coli at frequencies of 3.79 x 10(-5) and 5.46 x 10(-5) per recipient cell, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that WWTPs constitute a potential hot spot for horizontal gene transfer and for selection of antimicrobial resistance genes among aquatic bacteria. Moreover, water discharges represent a possible risk for dissemination of undesirable genetic traits.
Five syndromes (malformation complexes) of pulmonary symmetry, congenital heart disease, and multiple spleens.

The most common multiple anomaly complex with pulmonary isomerism and congenital heart disease is the Ivemark asplenia syndrome. ’ Regular features of this disorder include: pulmonary isomerism of right lung type, with three lobar bronchi in each lung; congenital heart disease, typically single ventricle and functionally common atria, with the great arteries in the position of transposition, plus pulmonic stenosis or atresia; anomalous pulmonary venous connection and anomalous systemic venous patterns; abnormal visceral situs, with intestinal malrotation and symmetric liver; absence of the spleen; two-thirds predominance of male sex and right aortic arch.2 The proposal that the Ivemark syndrome is the result of “bilateral right-~idedness”~ is supported by: 1. Pulmonary isomerism of right lung type 2. Absence of the spleen, which is the only major viscus that develops entirely on the left side of the body 3. Symmetric entry of the right and left superior venae cavae into the right and left atrial chambers, both of which have the anatomy of right atria4 4. High frequency of extracardiac pulmonary venous connection.2 (In the sense that both atria are embryologically right atria, into which pulmonary veins do not normally enter, both cardiac and extracardiac venous connections are embryologically anomalous in this disorder.)
Place of OTC analgesics and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis

The risk related to the use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) depends on the dose and duration of their use, in addition to the nature of the drug, and patient characteristics. The measures of risk and recent promotion of safer drugs have been mostly based on the results of clinical trials using continuous full-dose use of NSAIDs for periods up to 12 months which may not reflect real-life use and risks of the drugs. To assess this we did two studies of the utilisation of NSAIDs, one in a claims database to measure the amount of drugs dispensed to OA patients over 9 months, which showed that only a small fraction of patients actually bought enough analgesics or NSAIDs to cover the whole study period. On average, patients bought enough NSAIDs to cover 60 of 270 days. The second study was a survey of General Practitioners and rheumatologists to assess the number of users of NSAIDs seen over 2 days' consultations, the indications for and patterns of NSAIDs use. 11% of GP patients and 26% of rheumatologists' patients used NSAIDs, one-third for osteoarthritis (OA), about 8-10% for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the rest for various painful conditions. In OA and other conditions patients, more than 70% of patients had been taking their NSAIDs for less than 15 days at the time of consultation, whereas 42% of RA patients had been taking them for more than 6 months.
An antenna solution for MIMO channels: the switched parasitic antenna

We investigate the switched parasitic antenna (SPA), which is a novel technique for electronically directing the radiation pattern in a MIMO system. The correlation between the received signal modes is shown to be sufficiently low to yield a diversity gain. The capacity limit using the SPA is investigated for different SPA configurations and it is found that the capacity is comparable with an array antenna configuration in certain situations. Finally, a space time block coding scheme is used to evaluate the bit error rate of a MIMO-SPA system. It is found that the SPA requires a 5 dB higher SNR than an antenna array solution to achieve a BER=10/sup -2/. However, the array antenna requires a radio transceiver for every antenna, as opposed to the SPA which uses only one transceiver.
Emplacement, metamorphism, deformation and affiliation of mid-Cretaceous orthogneiss from the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex lower-plate, Charleston, New Zealand

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon dating and whole-rock geochemistry of plutonic rocks from coastal exposures of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex (PMCC) lower-plate has revealed their suite affinity and magmatic and metamorphic ages. Emplacement and metamorphism of the Charleston Orthogneiss occurred at 118±2 Ma and 107±2 Ma, respectively. Metamorphism of the Charleston Orthogneiss was coeval with Buckland Granite intrusion, suggesting a link between the two. Field relations between the post-metamorphic Doctor Bay dike (DBD) and Charleston Orthogneiss indicate intrusion of the dike at 105±2 Ma was syn-tectonic. Deformation of the Charleston Orthogneiss occurred during mid-crustal continental extension and PMCC formation in the New Zealand region of the Pacific Gondwana margin. Fabric development in the Charleston Orthogneiss may therefore be related to mid-crustal deformation associated with extension. The Charleston Orthogneiss and DBD are assigned to the I-/S-type Rahu Suite on the basis of their geochemistry, mid-Cretaceous ages, inherited zircon populations and inboard location.
Smoky homes: a review of the exposure and effects of secondhand smoke in New Zealand homes.

AIMS To review the evidence of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in New Zealand homes and its effects on health. METHODS A search for relevant literature was made in April-May 2004, using Medline and other databases, and via inquiries to official and other agencies. Data on the types of households with smoking members were obtained by an analysis of 1996 Census data. RESULTS National survey data indicate that at least 18% of all New Zealanders and 30% of Maori are exposed to SHS in the home. Surveys of high school students indicate home SHS exposure levels of 30% or more. The exposure appears to have decreased during 1996-2003 for Maori and the general population (p<0.001 for trend for both), with low-income households more likely to be exposed than others. There is an absence of exposure data for many specific population groups including pregnant women and infants. New Zealand evidence from two large cohort studies indicates an increased risk of death of at least 15% for never smokers, aged 45-74, if they live in a household with smokers. Over 250 deaths per year are estimated to be attributable to SHS exposure in New Zealand homes; over double the mortality from SHS exposure at work. CONCLUSIONS Improved information on SHS exposure in the New Zealand setting is needed. The levels of home SHS exposure and estimated mortality burden justify a substantial Government and health-agency investment to reduce this exposure, particularly for children, Maori, and those in low-income households.
Rangeland Monitoring: Water Quality and Riparian Systems

Ecological concepts serve as a foundation for developing a monitoring program to evaluate water quality and associated riparian systems. Ecological concepts used for developing a monitoring plan must be supported by scientific literature and related to streamflow dynamics and channel interactions. These interactions help determine natural or background habitat quality within and along river longitudinal and environmental gradients from mountains through basins in the western United States. In addition stream size, position in the watershed, and flow are related to sediment sorting, channel bank strength, and channel configuration. These relationships determine channel substrate habitat for aquatic organisms and population diversity. These habitat features may be modified by a channel's ability to store and transport sediment and associated pollutants within a watershed's drainage pattern. Sediment supply, delivery, and timing are altered by differences in snowmelt along elevation gradients, runoff from convective storms, water development history, and stream channel succession. Potential impairment of reference or background aquatic habitat in the western United States is generally sediment related and should be greater in basin river segments and during base flow conditions. Impairment sources can be shown to originate in the steep and first order tributaries of foothill and basin watersheds, and not from valley slopes where supply must cross established riparian zones. Water column, substrate disturbance, and channel bank disturbances may alter amount of sediment and bacteria pollution measured in basins and during base flow conditions.
Efeito da adoção da NCRF 6 “Ativos Intangíveis” do sistema de normalização contabilística

This study aims to analyse the effect of applying NCFR 6 – Intangible Assets (NCRF 6) at the time of the transition from Portuguese local GAAP (POC) to Accounting Standardization System (SNC), focusing the analysis on the effects on the value of intangible assets, on the financial position, on the performance and on the economic and financial indicators. To accomplish that aim we performed a multiple case study which included a set of six companies that prepared and presented their financial statements in accordance with the POC till 2009 and, due to the change of rules and regulations, from January 2010, found themselves required to submit the same in accordance with the SNC. The analysis revealed that the effects of the adoption of NCRF 6 on the financial statements and on the economic and financial indicators of the companies surveyed are primarily related to differences between the two standards in the recognition of the installing costs and research expenditure and the subsequent valuation of goodwill. Keywords: Transition, SNC, NCRF 6, Intangible Assets
Endothelial HO-1 induction by model TG-rich lipoproteins is regulated through a NOX4-Nrf2 pathway1[S]

Circulating levels of chylomicron remnants (CMRs) increase postprandially and their composition directly reflects dietary lipid intake. These TG-rich lipoproteins likely contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, albeit via unknown mechanisms. Here, we investigated how the FA composition of CMRs influences their actions on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) by comparing the effects of model CMRs—artificial TG-rich CMR-like particles (A-CRLPs)—containing TGs extracted from fish, DHA-rich algal, corn, or palm oils. HAECs responded with distinct transcriptional programs according to A-CRLP TG content and oxidation status, with genes involved in antioxidant defense and cytoprotection most prominently affected by n-3 PUFA-containing A-CRLPs. These particles were significantly more efficacious inducers of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) than n-6 PUFA corn or saturated FA-rich palm CRLPs. Mechanistically, HO-1 induction by all CRLPs requires NADPH oxidase 4, with PUFA-containing particles additionally dependent upon mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Activation of both p38 MAPK and PPARβ/δ culminates in increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression/nuclear translocation and HO-1 induction. These studies define new molecular pathways coupling endothelial cell activation by model CMRs with adaptive regulation of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression and may represent key mechanisms through which dietary FAs differentially impact progression of endothelial dysfunction.