Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel GATA4 mutation completely segregated with atrial septal defect in a large Japanese family

cause Holt-Oram syndrome with ASD or ventricular septal defect (VSD), non-syndromic CHD including ASD and atrioventricular conduction abnormal- ities, Ellis-van Creveld syndrome with ASD, and a familial isolated ASD, respectively. We encountered a large family of four generations where 11 members were affected with ASD, and where disease transmission was consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Here we report a novel mutation of GATA4 in this family. METHODS Subjects A large Japanese family composed of a total of 29 members across four generations contained 11 members with ASD (I-1, II-2, II-6, II-7, III-1, III-2, III-4, IV-1, IV-2, IV-5, and IV-6; fig 1A). ASD in five patients (II-7, III-1, III-2, IV-1, and IV-2) was surgically repaired, and two patients (II-2 and IV-1) also had pulmonary stenosis (PS). The heart defects in eight subjects (II-2, II-7, III-1, III-2, IV-1, and IV-2) including two diseased subjects (I-1 and II-6) had been clinically diagnosed by one of co-authors (BK) on the basis of their past histories, operation records, 12-lead electrocardiograms, and echocar- diograms with colour Doppler apparatus (fig 1A), while those in three other subjects (III-4, IV-5, and IV-6) were retro- spectively found using information provided by the mutation analysis described below. None of the 11 affected members had any other abnormalities in the cardiac conduction system or other organs. After informed consent was obtained, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of 22 family members.
InforMatrix nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor ‘backbones’

InforMatrix is an interactive decision matrix technique. This paper describes the use of InforMatrix to determine an order of merit within the various nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In the order of merit, six criteria (effectiveness, safety, tolerance, convenience, usability and costs) are weighted against each other. Data necessary for this weighting process are derived from literature as well as personal practical experience. This article gives an overview of the most relevant information from clinical trials, cohort studies and databases concerning backbones consisting of two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infections, as well as a description of the interactive decision matrix technique. By using this interactive matrix technique, a rational consideration of the treatment options for backbones consisting of two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors becomes possible.
A Recommendation System Based on Hierarchical Clustering of an Article-Level Citation Network

The scholarly literature is expanding at a rate that necessitates intelligent algorithms for search and navigation.For the most part, the problem of delivering scholarly articles has been solved. If one knows the title of an article, locating it requires little effort and, paywalls permitting, acquiring a digital copy has become trivial. However, the navigational aspect of scientific search - finding relevant, influential articles that one does not know exist - is in its early development. In this paper, we introduce EigenfactorRecommends - a citation-based method for improving scholarly navigation. The algorithm uses the hierarchical structure of scientific knowledge, making possible multiple scales of relevance for different users. We implement the method and generate more than 300 million recommendations from more than 35 million articles from various bibliographic databases including the AMiner dataset. We find little overlap with co-citation, another well-known citation recommender, which indicates potential complementarity. In an online A-B comparison using SSRN, we find that our approach performs as well as co-citation, but this new approach offers much larger recommendation coverage. We make the code and recommendations freely available at babel.eigenfactor. organd provide an API for others to use for implementing and comparing the recommendations on their own platforms.
Mixotrophy in Red Tide Algae Raphidophytes 1

ABSTRACT. Marine raphidophytes are common red tide organisms that are distributed worldwide. They are known to be harmful to other plankton and fish and have often caused large‐scale fish mortality in many countries. Thus, the population dynamics of raphidophytes is a critical concern for scientists, the aquaculture industry, and government officers from many countries. Raphidophyte growth and mortality should be investigated to understand bloom dynamics. Raphidophytes were thought to be exclusively autotrophic organisms. However, several recent studies have revealed that raphidophytes are able to feed on heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria, i.e. raphidophytes are mixotrophic algae. Further, high‐resolution video microscopy has revealed the mechanism by which raphidophytes feed on bacteria, which involves capturing prey cells in the mucus excreted by mucocysts and engulfing the cells through mucocysts. These discoveries may influence the conventional view on both raphidophyte bloom dynamics and plankton energy flow and carbon cycling. In the present study, I review prey, feeding mechanisms, and ingestion rates of mixotrophic marine raphidophytes. In addition, I examine the ecological significance of raphidophyte mixotrophy.
Recent Developments for Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

There are four groups of individuals in whom the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is most critical: pregnant women who acquire their infection during gestation, fetuses and newborns who are congenitally infected, immunocompromised patients, and those with chorioretinitis (14, 20, 25). Although the diagnosis of patients in each of these four groups has been hampered by a number of problems, the most frequent challenge encountered by physicians the world over is how to determine if a pregnant woman acquired the acute infection during gestation. Women who acquired their infection prior to pregnancy are essentially not at risk for delivering an infected infant (unless the woman is immunosuppressed). In the United States there is no systematic screening of pregnant women to detect seroconversion during gestation. Much of the literature is based on studies from France, where such screening is performed monthly to detect recently acquired infection. Thus, in the United States, a single serum sample from each woman is submitted for evaluation, and from this sample the physician hopes to learn if the patient has recently been infected, thereby placing the fetus at risk. The high prevalence and lifelong persistence of toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among healthy individuals in many geographical areas preclude the use of any titer in any serologic test as reflecting recent infection. Another problem is the frequent lack of reliability when IgM, IgA, or IgE toxoplasma antibody test results are used in an attempt to discriminate between recent and more distant infection. In addition there are the vagaries associated with lack of quality control, specificity, and/or sensitivity of many commercial serologic test kits on the market. In this setting, physicians and other health care workers responsible for the care of pregnant women are confused when faced with conflicting results and disagreements about interpretations of results. This often leads to incorrect information being provided by the laboratories to the physicians as well as by the physicians to their patients. In recent years, a major effort has been made toward improving our ability to diagnose recently acquired infection in the pregnant woman and congenital infection in the fetus and newborn. We now have a number of new methods that are proving to be of great value towards this end. Among these are the serum IgG avidity test, PCR with body fluids and tissues, and Western blots of serum from mother-baby pairs. At present, the first two methods are being widely used in Europe. Hopefully they will become more readily available in the United States as well. Although our focus here is on pregnant women and newborns, these methods are finding wide use in the other groups of patients alluded to above. Our purpose here is to review each of these methods, what is known about their proper interpretation, and their strengths and shortcomings.
THE EFFECT OF SIGNALLING UPON CONTROL OF AN AVERSIVE STIMULUS

An aversive stimulus with a signal elicits responses different from those for a stimulus without a signal. The characteristics of this phenomenon, called “signalling effect”, were clarified in this study. In Exp. I, the eyeblink reflex and 180°-rotation type of aversiveness rating were shown to be sensitive enough to study this effect. Three conditions which differed from each other in the ISI were used in a between-subjects design in Exp. II, and in a within-subjects design in Exp. III. The results of both experiments were as follows: The facilitatory signalling effects in the 8-s ISI condition and inhibitory ones in the . 5-s ISI were found to be significant regardless of the index. Moreover, these effects had no learning factor.
In Vitro Multi-Functional Microelectrode Array Featuring 59 760 Electrodes, 2048 Electrophysiology Channels, Stimulation, Impedance Measurement, and Neurotransmitter Detection Channels

Biological cells are characterized by highly complex phenomena and processes that are, to a great extent, interdependent. To gain detailed insights, devices designed to study cellular phenomena need to enable tracking and manipulation of multiple cell parameters in parallel; they have to provide high signal quality and high-spatiotemporal resolution. To this end, we have developed a CMOS-based microelectrode array system for in vitro applications that integrates six measurement and stimulation functions, the largest number to date. Moreover, the system features the largest active electrode array area to date (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.48 \times 2.43$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup>) to accommodate 59 760 electrodes, while its power consumption, noise characteristics, and spatial resolution (13.5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$ </tex-math></inline-formula>m electrode pitch) are comparable to the best state-of-the-art devices. The system includes: 2048 action potential (AP, bandwidth: 300 Hz–10 kHz) recording units, 32 local-field-potential (LFP, bandwidth: 1 Hz–300 Hz) recording units, 32 current recording units, 32 impedance measurement units, and 28 neurotransmitter detection units, in addition to the 16 dual-mode voltage-only or current/voltage-controlled stimulation units. The electrode array architecture is based on a switch matrix, which allows for connecting any measurement/stimulation unit to any electrode in the array and for performing different measurement/stimulation functions in parallel.
Patient's perceptions of bedside handovers.

The bedside handover is a universal phenomenon in nearly every type of care setting. It has become the chief arena for the intershift handover in contemporary nursing practice. Published literature investigating patients' viewpoints on the location of the bedside handover is sparse. The overall aim of this study is to describe and provide an analysis of patients' perceptions of the bedside handover. A grounded theory approach to data collection and data analysis was employed to capture surgical patients' views about the bedside handover. The analysis tentatively suggests the existence of three categories that describe the patients' perceptions of the bedside handover. 'Maintaining a Professional Distance', 'Establishing Professional Sharing' and 'Maintaining Patient Safety. '
Exploiting Emoticons in Polarity Classification of Text

With people increasingly using emoticons in written text on the Web in order to express, stress, or disambiguate their sentiment, it is crucial for automated sentiment analysis tools to correctly account for such graphical cues for sentiment. We analyze how emoticons typically convey sentiment and we subsequently propose and evaluate a novel method for exploiting this with a manually created emoticon sentiment lexicon in a lexicon-based polarity classification method. We evaluate our approach on 2,080 Dutch tweets and forum messages, which all contain emoticons. We validate our findings on 10,069 English reviews of apps, some of which contain emoticons. We find that accounting for the sentiment conveyed by emoticons on a paragraph level - and, to a lesser extent, on a sentence level - significantly improves polarity classification performance. Whenever emoticons are used, their associated sentiment tends to dominate the sentiment conveyed by textual cues and forms a good proxy for the polarity of text.
On boundary conditions for recursive spline filtering

Implementation of signal filtering by cubic splines with recursive IIR/FIR scheme of Unser et al. recommends to use mirror boundary conditions. However, mirror boundary conditions are not always good for a given task. We show how to implement different popular boundary conditions for cubic splines into IIR/FIR recursive filtering.
A Systematic Review of Early Results Following Synchronous or Staged Carotid Artery Stenting and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Abstract Background The optimal management of patients with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) and severe carotid artery stenosis remains a controversy. We performed a systematic review of studies comparing early outcomes of synchronous or staged carotid artery stenting (CAS) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the treatment of patients with concomitant CAD and severe carotid artery stenosis. Methods Multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies of synchronous or staged CAS and CABG in the treatment of concomitant severe carotid and coronary artery disease published from 2005 to 2015. The quality of studies was assessed using the MINORS scale. The demographic data, risk factors, 30-day outcomes, and antiplatelet strategy were extracted. Results 23 studies were identified with a total of 873 and 459 patients in the staged and synchronous group, respectively. The observed overall death/stroke/MI rate was 8.5% (95% CI: 7.6–9.4%) in staged group and 4.8% (95% CI: 3.8–5.8%) in synchronous group. It seems that the synchronous group has better 30-day outcomes, but these data could not be compared statistically. Conclusion Our systematic review suggests either synchronous or staged CAS and CABG can be chosen for the treatment of concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease. It seems that the synchronous approach is relatively convenient and the antiplatelet strategy is relatively definite. For these patients, hybrid revascularization by synchronous CAS and CABG might be a feasible and promising therapeutic strategy. Our conclusions and the quality of the existing data suggest that a randomized controlled trial is needed to define the best treatment for patients with concomitant carotid and coronary artery disease.
Alloimmunization to Kell blood group system antigen owing to unmatched blood transfusion in a resource-poor setting

Abstract One of the major drawbacks of multiple blood transfusions in patients with thalassemia is the risk of development of alloimmunization to various red cell antigens within blood group systems such as Rh, Kell, Duffy, and Kidd. The problem is greater in developing countries because of lack of awareness and insufficient availability of specific typing antisera and antibody screening panels owing to financial constraints. It is of utmost importance to provide D, C, c, E, e, and K phenotype-matched blood in multiply transfused patients with thalassemia. This can prevent the development of antibodies against these clinically significant antigens, as antibodies can cause severe acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions and create difficulties in providing a crossmatch-compatible packed red blood cell unit. The policy should preferably be adopted irrespective of financial constraints as it will pave the way for better transfusion practices and reduce the risk of adverse reactions in patients who are transfusion dependent for survival. Immunohematology2012;28:45–8.
Halfspace range search: an algorithmic application of K-sets

Given a fixed set <italic>S</italic> of <italic>n</italic> points in <italic>E</italic><supscrpt>3</supscrpt> and a query plane π, the halfspace range search problem asks for the retrieval of all points of <italic>S</italic> on a chosen side of π. We prove that with <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic>(log <italic>n</italic>)<supscrpt>3</supscrpt>(log log <italic>n</italic>)<supscrpt>4</supscrpt>) storage it is possible to solve this problem in <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>&kgr;</italic> + log <italic>n</italic>) time, where <italic>&kgr;</italic> is the number of points to be reported. This result rests crucially on a new combinatorial derivation. We show that the maximum number of <italic>&kgr;</italic>-sets realized by a set of <italic>n</italic> points in <italic>E</italic><supscrpt>3</supscrpt> is <italic>Ogr;</italic>(<italic>nk<supscrpt>c</supscrpt></italic>) for a small positive constant <italic>c</italic>; a <italic>&kgr;</italic>-set is any subset of <italic>S</italic> of size <italic>&kgr;</italic> which can be separated from the rest of <italic>S</italic> by a plane. Incidentally, this result constitutes the only nontrivial upper bound, as a function of <italic>n</italic> and <italic>&kgr;</italic>, known to date.
Dissociation of electromyogram and mechanical response in sleep apnoea during propofol anaesthesia

Pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep is believed to increase due to a decline in dilator muscle activity. However, genioglossus electromyogram (EMG) often increases during apnoeas and hypopnoeas, often without mechanical effect. 17 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were anaesthetised and evaluated from termination of propofol administration to awakening. Genioglossus EMG, flow and pharyngeal area (pharyngoscopy) were monitored. Prolonged hypopnoeas enabled evaluation of the relationships between genioglossus EMG and mechanical events, before and after awakening. Additional dilator muscle EMGs were recorded and compared to the genioglossus. Electrical stimulation of the genioglossus was used to evaluate possible mechanical dysfunction. Prolonged hypopnoeas during inspiration before arousal triggered an increase in genioglossus EMG, reaching mean±sd 62.2±32.7% of maximum. This augmented activity failed to increase flow and pharyngeal area. Awakening resulted in fast pharyngeal enlargement and restoration of unobstructed flow, with marked reduction in genioglossus EMG. Electrical stimulation of the genioglossus under propofol anaesthesia increased the inspiratory pharyngeal area (from 25.1±28 to 66.3±75.5 mm2; p<0.01) and flow (from 11.5±6.5 to 18.6±9.2 L·min−1; p<0.001), indicating adequate mechanical response. All additional dilators increased their inspiratory activity during hypopnoeas. During propofol anaesthesia, pharyngeal occlusion persists despite large increases in genioglossus EMG, in the presence of a preserved mechanical response to electrical stimulation.
Prediction Tool for Parole Breach: Testing the U.S. Salient Factor Score in a Population of Western Australian Parolees

Parole cancellations inflate prison numbers and increase costs within the criminal justice system as well as the costs to society as a whole. There are a number of tools that predict reoffending, but only a few that are designed specifically for parole cancellation. This research investigated the use of the American tool Salient Factor Score (SFS 81) in a parole sample from Western Australia. Three hundred and sixty completed parole files were examined and scored using the SFS 81 with a criterion of successful completion of parole or a cancellation. The predictor was the SFS 81 score. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and logistic regression were used to determine the usefulness of the SFS 81 for the prediction of parole success, and sensitivity and specificity of the SFS 81 were determined. The SFS 81 could be a useful tool for the prediction of parole success in a Western Australian population.
Managing diversity: A key factor in improving efficiency, productivity, and overall business success

Managing a diverse workforce is increasingly recognized as a key factor in improving efficiency, productivity and overall business success. Globalisation has accelerated and reinforced the need to embrace diversity. A highly significant element of the diversity debate – often overlooked – is disability. There are over 8.7 million disabled adults in the United Kingdom alone, making up a large and growing proportion of employees, existing and potential customers and stakeholders and indeed shareholders [3]. In addition, by the year 2004, 40% of the UK population will be over 45 – the age at which the incidence of disability begins to increase significantly. The business case for employing people with disabilities is therefore compelling. The performance and contribution of employees with disabilities far outweighs the relatively inexpensive adjustments which may be
Image registration using the Walsh transform

This paper presents a new algorithm which can be used to register images of the same or different modalities, e.g., images with multiple channels, such as X-rays, temperature or elevation, or simply images of different spectral bands. In particular, a correlation-based scheme is used, but instead of gray values, it correlates numbers formulated by different combinations of the extracted local Walsh coefficients of the images. Each image patch is expanded in terms of Walsh basis functions. Each Walsh basis function can be thought of as measuring a different aspect of local structure, e.g., horizontal edge, corner, etc. The coefficients of the expansion, therefore, can be thought of as dense local features, estimating at each point the degree of presence of, for example, a horizontal edge, a corner with contrast of a certain type, etc. These coefficients are normalized and used as digits in a chosen number system which allows one to create a unique number for each type of local structure. The choice of the basis of the number system allows one to give different emphasis to different types of local feature (e.g., corners versus edges), and, thus, the method we present forms a unified framework in terms of which several feature matching methods may be interpreted. The algorithm is compared with wavelet and contour based approaches, using simulated and real images. The two images are assumed to differ from each other by a rotation and a translation only.