Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Ecological Narratives: A Multimodal Analysis of Top Pakistani Pharmaceutical Companies' Web Pages

The study aimed to investigate six Pakistani pharmaceutical companies' web pages through multimodal analysis. It attempted to sensitize various semiotic modes in designing websites that represent ecological discourses. Language and media play a crucial role in forming the ideology of the masses about the importance of ecological sustainability for human existence. The current study followed three different theoretical frameworks suggested by Kress and van Leeuwen's (2008) Multimodality Theory, van Leeuwen's (2008) Social Actor and Social Action Approach to Language Analysis, and Stibbe's (2015) Ecological Ideology of Erasure and Salience in the shape of conceptualized analytical modal. The following conceptualized analytical model examined multiple semiotic modes from the perspective of ecolinguistics. For this purpose, a purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting websites, keeping the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan's 2019 ranking in view. A total of six photos were selected, one from each website. The research showed that Pakistani pharmaceutical companies have used a variety of semiotic modes, including image, color contrast, huge, bold text size, and diverse pictures, to design their websites. The study's findings suggest that agencies largely use language erasure and salience methods to create positive and ambivalent narratives while concealing themselves to shift responsibility for ecological destructions. The web page makes it simpler for consumers to consume the medicine without considering the environmental effects by removing the context and location of the medicine. To shed light on environmental pollution and sustainability in Pakistan, future research should delve into sophisticated models of statistical analysis, ecolinguistic ideas such as conviction, metaphor, and (re)framing, advanced methods of analysis, and amplifying the voices of marginalized populations often overlooked in previous studies.
Characterization of Anammox Bacteria from Marine Water and Sediment Samples

Anammox activity of water and sediment taken from marine ecosistem around Semarang were investigated in anammox media agar and batch reactor. Effect of increasing salinities (3% to 5%, 7% and 9%) and decreasing salinities (3% to 2%, 1% and 0%) were investigated. Water and sediment taken from marine ecosistem around Semarang city showed a positive result. Increasing salinity up to 9% will have a positive influence on the activity of anammox bacteria. Whereas, the decrease in salinity will negatively affect anammox bacteria. The ratio of ammonium:nitrite for anammox process ranges from 0.89 to 1.22 and ammonium removal rate varies from 0.08 to 0.59 mg-N/liter hour.
Paclitaxel mediates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to reduce proliferation of FLT3‑ITD+ AML cells and promote apoptosis

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the FLT3 tyrosine kinase tend to have a poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD can promote the progress of AML by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a natural anticancer drug that has been widely used in chemotherapy for multiple malignancies. The present study used the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, PCR and western blotting to explore the anti-leukemia effect and possible mechanisms of PTX on MV4-11 cells with the FLT3-ITD mutation and the underlying mechanism. As a result, it was found that PTX could inhibit proliferation of MV4-11 cells and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Risky times: Seasonality and event risk of commodities

The seasonal risk of wheat, corn, and soybean is modeled by a novel seasonality filter based on a generalized ridge regression. Then, using a component GARCH model, seasonal risk is combined with event risk and a short‐term risk dynamics. The resulting model is robust, generates seasonal patterns related to the crop cycle, and significantly outperforms the standard GARCH(1,1) in terms of out‐of‐sample risk prediction. Results are relevant for risk management and portfolio construction.
Philosophy of Religious Nationalist Character Education in Islamic Boarding School-Based Vocational Schools

This study aims to describe the philosophy of the religious nationalist character education program, as well as the role of schools in developing religious nationalist character e This study aims to describe the philosophy of the religious nationalist character education program, as well as the role of schools in developing religious nationalist character education for Dārut Tauhīd Vocational School students. The research method used is a case study. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that religious nationalist character education is implemented through basic leadership training activities, mataba (new santri ta'aruf period), Commemoration of National/Islamic Holidays, community service programs, student council elections, and cycles. The philosophical values of religious nationalist character education developed by Dārut Tauhīd Vocational School are sourced from the Koran, hadith, Daarut Tauhiid Culture, and the Merdeka Curriculum. Specifically, the religious nationalist character developed at Dārut Tauhid Vocational School is the BaKu character (Good and Strong). Keywords: character building; nationalist; religious ducation for Dārut Tauhīd Vocational School students. The research method used is a case study. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of this study indicate that religious nationalist character education is implemented through basic leadership training activities, mataba (new santri ta'aruf period), Commemoration of National/Islamic Holidays, community service programs, student council elections, and cycles. The philosophical values of religious nationalist character education developed by Dārut Tauhīd Vocational School are sourced from the Koran, hadith, Daarut Tauhiid Culture, and the Merdeka Curriculum. Specifically, the religious nationalist character developed at Dārut Tauhid Vocational School is the BaKu character (Good and Strong). Keywords: character building; nationalist; religious
Performance Analysis and Simulation of IRS-Aided Wireless Networks Communication

This paper introduces the novel IRS-based Optimal Relay Selection (ORS-IRS) method, aimed at analyzing the performance of wireless communication systems with an emphasis on symmetry. The ORS-IRS approach presents an innovative communication algorithm that seamlessly integrates Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) with relay selection techniques. Through adaptive adjustments of reflection coefficients, IRS elements efficiently manipulate incoming signals, fostering symmetry in signal strength enhancement and latency reduction for improved signal delivery to the intended destination. This symmetrical optimization in channel capacity and transmission power ensures reliable data transmission with low latency, achieved through the seamless integration of IRS and relay selection techniques. In contrast, the Cell-Free Massive MIMO (CF-M-MIMO), with its decentralized architecture, excels in serving a larger user base and attaining remarkable capacity gains, showcasing a different dimension of symmetry. The Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying approach demonstrates its potential in enhancing signal reliability across extended distances, contributing to the overall symmetry of the comparative analysis. This comprehensive evaluation provides valuable insights into selecting appropriate transmission strategies, particularly for applications that demand high capacity and reliability in the design of modern wireless communication systems with a symmetrical focus.
A decade of mangrove recovery at affected area by the 2004 tsunami along coast of Banda Aceh city

Banda Aceh (BA) is the capital of Aceh Province, Indonesia. It was the most affected areas by the 2004 tsunami. Before the natural catastrophe, most of the BA mangroves disturbed by human activities and remaining mangroves were fragmented and had a low density of trees. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to calculate the impact of the tsunami on mangrove and subsequently to evaluate the mangrove recovery based on spatial and temporal analysis and ground truthing method within the period 11 years in intertidal areas of BA. Three regions of BA coastal areas were selected, namely Kuala Cangkoy, Gampong Jawa and Lambada coasts. Before the tsunami, the mangrove forests in BA were only 13.6% of BA coastlands and fragmented. Approximately 48.9% of the mangroves have destroyed due to the tsunami. The BA mangroves at 5 and 11 years after tsunami were 66.5% and 81.3% relative to the data before tsunami, respectively. It means that the BA is very vulnerable due to the future tsunami occur. Therefore, the mangrove restoration in BA needs to be improved and maintain based on green belt concept for coastal protection as well as productivity of estuarine ecosystem.
Evapotranspiration Data Management in California

This paper will discuss components of the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). CIMIS is an automated agricultural weather network operated by the California Department of Water Resources to disseminate evapotranspiration (ET) information to farmers for use in irrigation scheduling. Electronic weather stations and telephone data transfer to a central computer are used to gather hourly weather data and estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET o ), using a modified Penman type equation. Currently, there are approximately 80 weather stations and they provide ET o data for most of the irrigated land in California. Weather and ET 0 data are disseminated to the public through a computer dial-up service. Data error checking, calculation of ET o , and data archival will be discussed.
Collaborative Development of High Resolution Pluvial Flood Maps for Flanders

As part of the low countries and with one of the highest population densities worldwide, the Flemish region has experienced a long history of flooding causing tens of millions euro damage each year. In response to this, water managers invested over the past decade in flood modelling and mapping with a fluvial origin. In recent years, pluvial flooding has also occurred numerous times in Flanders, but a region-wide map describing these processes more in detail in terms of extent, depth and probability was lacking. Following a pilot-study in 2016, the VMM undertook in 2017 the VLAGG1project to develop a region-wide, high-resolution pluvial flood map for Flanders. Via a combination of state-of-the art methodologies and web technologies, a draft flood map was presented to a broad reviewing community across Flanders, who were then able to improve it further by adding local knowledge on known flooding and more detailed data on key hydraulic structures. In a three month period, over 7000 additions were made by 370 delegates from 165 organizations that have been incorporated into, and significantly improved the quality of the final flood maps which are due to be published in 2019. 1 Dutch abbreviation “Vlaamse AfstromingsGevoelige Gebieden” Engineering EPiC Series in Engineering Volume 3, 2018, Pages 381–388 HIC 2018. 13th International Conference on Hydroinformatics G. La Loggia, G. Freni, V. Puleo and M. De Marchis (eds.), HIC 2018 (EPiC Series in Engineering, vol. 3),
Measuring and modeling fine root dynamics in temperate forests

Temperate forests represent a major ecological and economic resource across much of the globe. As in many ecosystems, belowground ecology in temperate forests is poorly understood and quantification of many biogeochemical fluxes belowground may be weakly constrained. Fine roots control plant uptake of soil resources such as water and nutrients as well as a major flux of carbon from plants into soil through production and turnover. However, basic patterns of fine root dynamics across species remain elusive and model incorporation of these processes may be inadequate. We address these limitations through both field observations and modeling activities. In Chapter 2 we identified relationships between fine root lifespan with plant growth rate, stem wood density, root diameter, and root nitrogen to carbon ratios across 12 temperate species grown in a common garden in central Pennsylvania, USA. We then further explored the relationships between timing and interannual variation in the amount of root production with different measures of fine root turnover in Chapter 3. Here, results indicated that despite relatively little attention previously given to patterns of root phenology and production, both may have strong effects on root turnover rates in temperate forests and potentially across most perennial plant ecosystems. We then conducted a sensitivity test of four different models of terrestrial biogeochemistry to adjustments in fine root turnover rates and discovered that reasonable adjustments of root turnover rate resulted in substantial changes in total systems carbon (i.e. all live and dead plant carbon plus all soil carbon) that were greater than 30% in some cases (Chapter 4). Finally, given the uncertainty in model parameterizations of fine root dynamics, in Chapter 5 we developed a method to describe fine root lifespan and turnover at broad spatial scales using known distributions of temperate tree species combined with species-specific estimates of root dynamics estimated using direct observations and patterns discovered in Chapters 2 and 3. Future efforts should expand to better appreciate how climate and edaphic factors drive variation in fine root dynamics within species and broadly across sites.
An Investigation into the Relationship between Post Occupancy Behaviour and Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings

This research investigated the relationship between post occupancy behaviour and energy efficiency in residential buildings. Occupants remain unique in their behaviour, understanding and beliefs relating to energy conservation in residential buildings. The assessment of the occupants’ behaviour and energy usage was achieved by investigating innovative energy efficient technologies that had been installed in a pilot case study. These technologies included Balco glazing system, air source heat pumps, voltage optimisation units, phase change material, thermodynamics, passivents, energy efficient boilers, solar panels and external structural insulation. The study consisted of 51 dwellings, based on 5 property types, including a mixture of semi-detached houses British Iron and Steel Federation (BISF), semi-detached and mid terraced bungalows and flats, all constructed in the south east of the UK between 1950 -1970. Behaviour traits of occupants along with energy usage were collected over a period of 2 years. Data was collected through questionnaires, before and after the energy efficient retrofitting works had been carried out, supported by interviews and random observations. The analysis concluded that the properties with the most significant reduction in gas usage (20.62%) were the British Iron and Steel Federation (BISF) properties. These properties were characterised by structural insulation, boilers and solar panels. Furthermore, all the occupants living in this type of retrofitted property were employed. They were conversant with maintenance manuals and the use of the internet, familiar with the types of energy efficient technologies that had been fitted and they paid their energy bills by pre-payment card. The outcomes of this investigation could further advance the research in the area of the energy retrofitted residential housing in order to maximise their energy efficiency based on occupants’ behaviour, matched against user-friendly technologies, thus supporting designers, management agents, manufactures as well as responding to the occupants’ needs.
Linking Soil Moisture Variation and Abundance of Plants to Geomorphic Processes: A Generalized Model for Erosion‐Uplifting Landscapes

The diffusive and advective erosion‐created landscapes have similar structure (hillslopes and channels) across different scales regardless of variations in drivers and controls. The relative magnitude of diffusive erosion to advective erosion (D/K ratio) in a landscape development model controls hillslope length, shape, and drainage density, which regulate soil moisture variation, one of the critical resources of plants, through the contributing area (A) and local slope (S) represented by a topographic index (TI). Here we explore the theoretical relation between geomorphic processes, TI, and the abundance and distribution of plants. We derived an analytical model that expresses the TI with D, K, and A. This gives us the relation between soil moisture variation and geomorphic processes. Plant tolerance curves are used to link plant performance to soil moisture. Using the hypothetical tolerance curves of three plants, we show that the abundance and distribution of xeric, mesic, and hydric plants on the landscape are regulated by the D/K ratio. Where diffusive erosion is the major erosion process (large D/K ratio), mesic plants have higher abundance relative to xeric and hydric plants and the landscape has longer and convex‐upward hillslope and low channel density. Increasing the dominance of advective erosion increases relative abundance of xeric and hydric plants dominance, and the landscape has short and concave hillslope and high channel density.
Experimental Investigations on the Thermal Characteristics of Domestic Convectors

Better understanding of local thermal characteristics of domestic convectors could play a crucial role in reducing energy consumption for space heating and decarbonizing the economy. The current study evaluates the impact of varying water inlet temperature and flowrate on the local surface temperature of domestic convectors through extensive empirical investigations. Experiments are performed using a custom-made test-rig featuring a 400 mm × 600 mm Type 11 convector within a large and well-ventilated environment, minimizing the thermal influence of the surrounding space on the thermal behavior of the convector. Infrared thermography (IR) is used to acquire local surface temperature data for further analysis. Based on the results obtained, it has been observed that the inlet water temperature has a negligible effect on thermal characteristics of the convector while increasing the flowrate substantially decreases the time required for the convector to reach maximum surface temperature. Based on the numerical data, an analytical model for average surface temperature has been developed using multiple variable regression analysis, demonstrating a prediction accuracy of >90% compared with the experimental data. A detailed understanding of the heating behavior exhibited by domestic convectors has led to a better understanding of the local thermal characteristics, while the prediction model can be used to develop machine learning algorithms to install better flow control techniques for efficient space heating.
Hyperspectral Evaluation of Venturia inaequalis Management Using the Disease Predictive Model RIMpro in the Northeastern U.S.

Use of hyperspectral spectroradiometers allows for information on different light bands to be captured, allowing for identification of plant health status. Apple scab is the most important disease in the production of apples. RIMpro is a web-based decision support system (DDS) for orchardists that has the capacity to improve optimal fungicide application for the control of apple scab and has the potential to reduce the number of applications and thereby reduce input expenses. The objective of this study was to complete a hyperspectral assessment of apple leaves in order to evaluate the spectral characteristics of trees sprayed according to forecasted infection events from the DDS. No significant differences in visual assessments or vegetation indices were observed between conventionally treated leaves and leaves treated according to the DSS. In the first year of this study two fungicide treatments were eliminated, in the second one fungicide treatment was eliminated. This finding is important because it provides evidence that plant health status is similar between conventionally sprayed trees and trees on a DSS-guided reduced spray program. In addition, the use of spectroradiometers for assessing the efficacy of different fungicide programs was demonstrated. Finally, potassium bicarbonate tank-mixed with sulfur was confirmed to be an effective spray material for managing apple scab. By integrating the precise information provided by DSSs and the use of biorational pesticides, agricultural producers, service providers and educators are able to adapt climate change considerations and action-oriented decisions into pest management plans.
Gold Nanoparticle-Modified Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Cd2+ via Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry

Neurotoxic heavy metals, such as Cd2+, pose a significant global health concern due to their increased environmental contamination and subsequent detrimental health hazards they pose to human beings. These metal ions can breach the blood-brain barrierblood–brain barrier, leading to severe and often irreversible damage to the central nervous system and other vital organs. Therefore, developing a highly sensitive, robust, and rapid in vivo detection method for these hazardous heavy metal ions is of the utmost importance for early detection, thus initiating timely therapeutics. Detecting ultra-low levels of toxic metal ions in vivo and obtaining accurate speciation information remains a challenge with conventional analytical techniques. In this study, we fabricated a novel carbon carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFM)-based sensor that can detect Cd2+ ions using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry by electrodepositing gold nanoparticles (AuNP). We optimized electrochemical parameters that generate a unique cyclic voltammogram (CV) of Cd2+ at a temporal resolution of 100 ms with our novel sensor. All our experiments were performed in tris buffer that mimics the artificial cerebellum fluid. We established a calibration curve resulting in a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µM with a corresponding sensitivity of 418.02 nA/ µM. The sensor’s selectivity was evaluated in the presence of other metal ions, and it was noteworthy to observe that the sensor retained its ability to produce the distinctive Cd2+ CV, even when the concentration of other metal ions was 200 times higher than that of Cd2+. We also found that our sensor could detect free Cd2+ ions in the presence of complexing agents. Furthermore, we analyzed the solution chemistry of each of those Cd2+–ligand solutions using a geochemical model, PHREEQC. The concentrations of free Cd2+ ions determined through our electrochemical data align well with geochemical modeling data, thus validating the response of our novel sensor. Furthermore, we reassessed our sensor’s LOD in tris buffer based on the concentration of free Cd2+ ions determined through PHREEQC analysis, revealing an LOD of 0.00132 µM. We also demonstrated the capability of our sensor to detect Cd2+ ions in artificial urine samples, showcasing its potential for application in actual biological samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first AuNP-modified, CFM-based Cd2+ sensor capable of detecting ultra-low concentrations of free Cd2+ ions in different complex matrices, including artificial urine at a temporal resolution of 100 ms, making it an excellent analytical tool for future real-time, in vivo detection, particularly in the brain.