Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights into Crystal Size and Synthesis Dependent Guest-Induced Flexibility of ZIF-7 Pore Structure

Nano-sized and flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly desirable materials for gas separation. However, the impact of synthesis conditions and crystal size on guest induced structural flexibility in MOFs is not well-understood. We aim to comprehend the effect of crystal size and synthesis conditions on the gate-opening behaviour of ZIF-7 stimulated by incorporation of guest molecules. The synthesis conditions are varied to obtain crystal sizes ranging between 0.05 and 15  m with varying homogeneity. The adsorption of carbon dioxide on ZIF-7 indicates the influence of crystal size and distribution, as well as synthesis conditions on the “gate-opening” pressure and slope of CO 2 adsorption isotherm. We report for the first time an intermediate CO 2 filled open pore arrangement of ZIF-7 at 195 K (OP-2) using an in-house in-situ PXRD in parallel with adsorption. In-situ PXRD measurement indicated further expansion of ZIF-7 framework in presence of methanol as guest species. The capability of ZIF-7 to accommodate molecules larger than its 0.3 nm window diameter indicates the importance of intermolecular interactions to overcome the energy barrier for linker movement/breathing of the framework.
Synaptic vesicle binding of a -synuclein is modulated by b - and g -synucleins

a -synuclein, b -synuclein, and g -synuclein are abundantly expressed proteins in the vertebrate nervous sys-tem. a -synuclein functions in neurotransmitter release by binding to and clustering synaptic vesicles and chaperoning SNARE-complex assembly. Pathologically, aggregates originating from soluble pools of a -syn- uclein are deposited into Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and related synucleinopathies. The functions of b -synuclein and g -synuclein in presynaptic terminals remain poorly studied. Using in vitro liposome binding studies, circular dichroism spectroscopy, immunoprecipitation, and ﬂuorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments on isolated synaptic vesicles in combination with subcellular fractionation of brains from synuclein mouse models, we show that b -synuclein and g -synuclein have a reduced afﬁnity toward synaptic vesicles compared with a -synuclein, and that heteromerization of b -synuclein or g -synuclein with a -synu- clein results in reduced synaptic vesicle binding of a -synuclein in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data suggest that b -synuclein and g -synuclein are modulators of synaptic vesicle binding of a -synuclein and thereby reduce a -synuclein’s physiological activity at the neuronal synapse
Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus : an overview

ost-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent complication occurring after the transplantation of major organs. Patients with PTDM are at a high risk of acute rejection, infections and cardiovascular events and have decreased long-term survival [1]. In the United States of America, medical costs are increased by $21,500 for renal transplantation recipients who develop PTDM [2]. Up until 2003, diabetes de novo after transplantation was termed PTDM. The disease was diagnosed based on any record of plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/l or fasting plasma glucose ≥7.8 mmol/l or a requirement for insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs within 1 month of transplantation [3]. In 2003, an international expert group, which included diabetes and transplantation specialists, released internaПосттрансплантационный сахарный диабет. Обзор литературы
Apprentissage par renforcement profond de la fixation binoculaire en utilisant de la détection d'anomalies

Par leur capacite a apprendre des comportements visuo-moteurs complexes, les algorithmes d'apprentissage par renforcement profond ont attire l'attention de la communaute robotique. Pour programmer de facon efficace un tel algorithme, le signal de recompense envisage doit etre informatif dans le sens ou il doit discriminer les valeurs des etats voisins. Pour cela, des informations a priori sont souvent utilisees. Ce papier propose une methode pour apprendre a fixer un objet sans ce type d'information. A la place, une recompense informative utilisant tres peu d'information supervisee est calculee. Le calcul de la recompense est fonde sur un mecanisme de detection d'anomalies. Celui-ci estime une position d'objet pixellique avec une methode faiblement supervisee. Cette position estimee est bruitee, ce qui rend le signal de recompense bruite egalement. Nous proposons une methode d'apprentissage pour eliminer partiellement ce bruit. La fixation binoculaire est apprise dans un environnement simule sur un ensemble d'objets aux couleurs et formes variees. La politique apprise est comparee avec une autre entrainee a partir d'une recompense lisse et informative. Nous observons des performances similaires, montrant qu'une etape d'encodage de l'environnement peut remplacer des informations a priori.
Firms’ sustainability, ﬁnancial performance, and regulatory dynamics: Evidence from European ﬁrms q

This study examines the association between ﬁrms’ ESG reputational risk and ﬁnancial performance under the EU regulatory policy changes and the COVID - 19 period. Analyzing a panel of 1,816 European listed ﬁrms during the period 2007–2021, we document evidence that ﬁrms with lower ESG reputational risk have reduced information asymmetry, are less ﬁnancial constrained and perform better. To establish causality, we design a quasi-natural experiment focusing on the 2014/95/EU directive of non-ﬁnancial disclosing and the COVID - 19 exogenous shock. Our ﬁndings are robust to several estimation techniques that address endogeneity, self-selection, and model sensitivity.
University of Birmingham Controlling microstructural and mechanical properties of direct laser deposited Inconel 718 via laser power

The control of grain structure, texture and micro-segregation during additive manufacturing is important due to their impact on the mechanical properties. In this work, multiple single walls were deposited using Inconel 718 powder by the Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) process. The influence of a wide range of laser power (150W-1900W), as well as the thermal gradient, were characterised using electron microscopy and hardness testing. The heat input effect on the microstructural, dendritic morphology, and microhardness was also examined. The results illustrated that a higher thermal gradient due to lower heat input tends to form equiaxed grains and more Nb-segregation, whilst a higher heat input develops columnar grains with low Nb-segregation. The segregations within the interdendritic boundaries increased in size when the heat input was increased, whilst the contribution from precipitation strengthening was not significantly evident in the as-fabricated condition. A wall with two different powers was also deposited to demonstrate the possibility of creating functionally graded structures through the control of laser power.
How unusual is the 2012–2014 California drought?

For the past three years (2012–2014), California has experienced the most severe drought conditions in its last century. But how unusual is this event? Here we use two paleoclimate reconstructions of drought and precipitation for Central and Southern California to place this current event in the context of the last millennium. We demonstrate that while 3 year periods of persistent below‐average soil moisture are not uncommon, the current event is the most severe drought in the last 1200 years, with single year (2014) and accumulated moisture deficits worse than any previous continuous span of dry years. Tree ring chronologies extended through the 2014 growing season reveal that precipitation during the drought has been anomalously low but not outside the range of natural variability. The current California drought is exceptionally severe in the context of at least the last millennium and is driven by reduced though not unprecedented precipitation and record high temperatures.
Competitive Nonlinear Pricing and Bundling *

We examine the impact of multiproduct nonlinear pricing on profit, consumer surplus and welfare in a duopoly. When consumers buy all their products from one firm (the one-stop shopping model), nonlinear pricing leads to higher profit and welfare, but usually lower consumer surplus, than linear pricing. By contrast, in a unit-demand model where consumers may buy one product from one firm and another product from another firm, bundling generally acts to reduce profit and welfare and to boost consumer surplus. In a more general model where consumers may buy from more than one firm and where consumers have elastic demands for each product, nonlinear pricing has ambiguous effects. Compared with linear pricing, nonlinear pricing tends to raise profit but harm consumer surplus when: (i) demand is elastic, (ii) there is substantial het-erogeneity in consumer demand, (iii) consumers face substantial shopping costs when visiting more than one firm, and (iv) a consumer's brand preference for one product is strongly correlated with her brand preference for another product. Nonlinear pricing is more likely to lead to welfare gains when (i), (iii) and (iv) hold, but (ii) does not.
From pictures to extended finite elements: Extended digital image correlation (X-DIC) Corrlation d'images numeriquesetendue (CIN ´ E)

An image correlation algorithm accounting for discontinuities is proposed. It is based on a decomposition of the displacement field onto a regular finite element basis supported by a uniform mesh, enriched with suitable functions to describe accurately discontinuities, paralleling recent developments of extended finite elements. This algorithm is applied to a bolted assembly where interface slip is observed upon loading.
Treatment of corneal cystine crystal accumulation in patients with cystinosis

: Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine within the cells of different organs. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis is the most common and severe phenotype. With the success of renal transplantation, these patients are now living longer and thus more long-term complications within different organs are becoming apparent. Ophthalmic manifestations range from corneal deposits of cystine crystals to pigmentary retinopathy. With increasing age, more severe ocular complications have been reported. Photophobia is a prominent symptom for patients. With prolonged survival and increasing age, this symptom, along with corneal erosions and blepharospasm, can become debilitating. This review revisits the basic pathogenesis of cystinosis, the ocular manifestations of the disease, and the treatment of corneal crystals.
Bipartite functional fractionation within the neural system for social cognition supports the psychological continuity of self versus other

Abstract Research of social neuroscience establishes that regions in the brain’s default-mode network (DN) and semantic network (SN) are engaged by socio-cognitive tasks. Research of the human connectome shows that DN and SN regions are both situated at the transmodal end of a cortical gradient but differ in their loci along this gradient. Here we integrated these 2 bodies of research, used the psychological continuity of self versus other as a “test-case,” and used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether these 2 networks would encode social concepts differently. We found a robust dissociation between the DN and SN—while both networks contained sufficient information for decoding broad-stroke distinction of social categories, the DN carried more generalizable information for cross-classifying across social distance and emotive valence than did the SN. We also found that the overarching distinction of self versus other was a principal divider of the representational space while social distance was an auxiliary factor (subdivision, nested within the principal dimension), and this representational landscape was more manifested in the DN than in the SN. Taken together, our findings demonstrate how insights from connectome research can benefit social neuroscience and have implications for clarifying the 2 networks’ differential contributions to social cognition.
Two different features of discharge of equatorial upper ocean heat content related to El Niño events

Oceanic and atmospheric anomaly fields in the tropical Pacific are investigated to extract some characteristics from twelve El Niño events in the past 49 years. The results show that entire equatorial upper ocean heat content (Teq) is discharged after the mature phase of seven El Niño events (A‐type events), while Teq is not well discharged in other five events (B‐type events). Furthermore, A‐type events generally have larger amplitudes of tropical oceanic and atmospheric anomalies than B‐type events. In addition, the durations of A‐type events are longer than those of B‐type events. It is also found that A‐type events accompany large positive wind stress curl anomaly and resultant poleward Sverdrup transport in the tropical South Pacific after the mature phase of El Niño events, while B‐type events do not. This appearance of large positive wind stress anomaly should be one of the reasons why Teq is well discharged in A‐type events.
Term rewriting systems

From the Publisher: This book, the first on the subject in English, gives a readable but rigorous introduction to the theory of term rewriting systems. These are a technique used in computer science, especially functional programming, for abstract data type specification and automatic theorem-proving. The book is self-contained, and begins with a discussion of elementary systems and progresses to the most general cases that involve concepts such as second-order lambda calculus. Exercises are included throughout, and solutions to a selection of them are provided. Complete proofs of results that are often buried in the literature are also given, so researchers in functional programming, theoretical computer science, and logic will find this book useful.
Optimized smoothing of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) time‐variable gravity observations

[1] High-degree and high-order spherical harmonics of time-variable gravity fields observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity mission are dominated by noise. We develop two smoothing methods that suppress these high-degree and high-order errors with results superior to more commonly used Gaussian smoothing. These optimized smoothing methods considerably improve signal-to-noise levels of GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates relative to residual signal and noise over the oceans and show significantly better spatial resolution and lower leakage error. On the basis of analysis using an advanced land surface model, the equivalent spatial resolution from these optimized smoothing estimates is about 500 km, compared to the roughly 800–1000 km Gaussian smoothing that is required to suppress high-degree noise in the GRACE fields.
Symbolic dynamics for non uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of compact smooth manifolds

We construct countable Markov partitions for non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on compact manifolds of any dimension, extending earlier work of O. Sarig for surfaces. These partitions allow us to obtain symbolic coding on invariant sets of full measure for all hyperbolic measures whose Lyapunov exponents are bounded away from zero by a constant. Applications include counting results for hyperbolic periodic orbits, and structure of hyperbolic measures of maximal entropy.
Usage of Dexamethasone Increases the Risk of Cranial Neural Crest Dysplasia in the Chick Embryo

Dexamethasone (Dex) is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of benign and malignant conditions. Unfortunately, although it has a variety of teratogenic effects, it remains used in clinical practice for pregnant women mainly due to limited alternatives. However, there is limited knowledge of the mechanisms that lead to the observed teratogenic effects. In this study, the effects of Dex during embryogenesis on neural crest development were evaluated in the early chick embryos. First, we demonstrated that 100µL 10 -6 M Dex treatment leads to craniofacial developmental defects, and also retards embryo growth and plausibly can cause embryo demise. Second, we demonstrated that Dex represses the production of HNK-1, PAX7 and AP-2α labeled cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), the progenitor cells of the craniofacial skeleton. Third, double immunofluorescent staining of pHIS3/PAX7 and AP-2α/c-Caspase3 revealed that Dex promotes cell apoptosis but does not change cell proliferation rates. Last, FGF signaling molecules were inhibited by Dex treatment. Dex also inhibited NCCs production by repressing Msx1 expression in the developing neural tube and by altering expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related adhesion molecules and cell migration genes. Overall, we obtained experimental evidence that Dex treatment during embryogenesis disrupts cranial neural crest (CNC) development which in turn causes defective cranial bone development.
A new approach to Monte Carlo simulations in statistical physics: Wang-Landau sampling

We describe a Monte Carlo algorithm for doing simulations in classical statistical physics in a different way. Instead of sampling the probability distribution at a fixed temperature, a random walk is performed in energy space to extract an estimate for the density of states. The probability can be computed at any temperature by weighting the density of states by the appropriate Boltzmann factor. Thermodynamic properties can be determined from suitable derivatives of the partition function and, unlike “standard” methods, the free energy and entropy can also be computed directly. To demonstrate the simplicity and power of the algorithm, we apply it to models exhibiting first-order or second-order phase transitions.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ

supply line is considered. The demand function is assumed to be constant. Delayed deliveries are taken into account. The price is determined by the market, that is, for a fixed volume of goods, the market price is set, it is this price that provides the greatest profit. By changing purchasing strategies and order volumes, you can choose the optimal strategy in such a way as to determine the optimal supply line. Market inertia means that the price is constant over a short period of time. Certain limits limit the trader from significantly increasing or decreasing the price.
The eﬀects of ceiling height and absorber placement on speech intelligibility in simulated restaurants

: The intelligibility of speech was measured in simulated rooms with parametrically manipulated acoustic features. The rectangular rooms were designed to simulate restaurant environments with either three or nine occupied tables, using either speech or noise as interfering sounds. The existence of more detailed acoustic features, such as furniture was also modelled. The measurements revealed that reverberation time was poorly correlated with speech intelligibility. In contrast, a psychoacoustic model of spatial release from masking produced accurate predictions for noise interferers and ordinally correct predictions for speech interferers. It was found that rooms with high ceilings facilitated higher speech intelligibility than rooms with lower ceilings and that acoustic treatment of walls facilitated higher speech intelligibility than equivalent treatment of ceilings. Ground-level acoustic clutter, formed by furniture and the presence of other diners had a substantial beneﬁcial eﬀect. Where acoustic treatment was limited to the ceiling, it was found that continuous acoustic ceilings were more eﬀective than suspended panels, and that the panels were more eﬀective if acoustically absorbent on both sides. The results suggest that the most eﬀective control of reverberation for the purpose of speech intelligibility is provided by absorbers placed vertically and close to the diners.
The German Version of the Gaze Anxiety Rating Scale (GARS): Reliability and Validity

Objective Fear of eye gaze and avoidance of eye contact are core features of social anxiety disorders (SAD). To measure self-reported fear and avoidance of eye gaze, the Gaze Anxiety Rating Scale (GARS) has been developed and validated in recent years in its English version. The main objectives of the present study were to psychometrically evaluate the German translation of the GARS concerning its reliability, factorial structure, and validity. Methods Three samples of participants were enrolled in the study. (1) A non-patient sample (n = 353) completed the GARS and a set of trait questionnaires to assess internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factorial structure, and concurrent and divergent validity. (2) A sample of patients with SAD (n = 33) was compared to a healthy control group (n = 30) regarding their scores on the GARS and the trait measures. Results The German GARS fear and avoidance scales exhibited excellent internal consistency and high stability over 2 and 4 months, as did the original version. The English version’s factorial structure was replicated, yielding two categories of situations: (1) everyday situations and (2) situations involving high evaluative threat. GARS fear and avoidance displayed convergent validity with trait measures of social anxiety and were markedly higher in patients with GSAD than in healthy controls. Fear and avoidance of eye contact in situations involving high levels of evaluative threat related more closely to social anxiety than to gaze anxiety in everyday situations. Conclusions The German version of the GARS has demonstrated reliability and validity similar to the original version, and is thus well suited to capture fear and avoidance of eye contact in different social situations as a valid self-report measure of social anxiety and related disorders in the social domain for use in both clinical practice and research.
B RINGING G ENERALIZATION TO D EEP M ULTI - VIEW D ETECTION

and test only using a subset of cameras to evaluate generalization with varying number of cameras, b) we train on a subset of cameras and test on another subset to evaluate generalization to new conﬁgurations and (c) we perform cross-dataset evaluations to evaluate scene generalization. We then propose simple design choices to improve the generalization abilities of the existing state-of-the-art approach. We show that minimal changes in the loss function, spatial aggregation and the use of pre-training can improve the performance and the generalization abilities. We also propose a regularization technique by randomly dropping camera views while training. More formally, we make the following contributions: