Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZING THE CONTAMINATING DISTANCE DISTRIBUTION FOR BAYESIAN SUPERNOVA COSMOLOGY

Measurements of the equation of state of dark energy from surveys of thousands of Type Ia Supernovae will be limited by spectroscopic follow-up and must therefore rely on photometric identification, increasing the chance that the sample is contaminated by core collapse supernovae (CC SNe). Bayesian methods for SN cosmology can remove contamination bias while maintaining high statistical precision but are sensitive to the choice of parameterization of the contaminating distance distribution. We use simulations to investigate the form of the contaminating distribution and its dependence on the absolute magnitudes, light curve shapes, colors, extinction, and redshifts of CC SNe. We find that the CC luminosity function (LF) dominates the distance distribution function, but its shape is increasingly distorted as the redshift increases and more CC SNe fall below the survey magnitude limit. The shapes and colors of the CC light curves generally shift the distance distribution, and their effect on the CC distances is correlated. We compare the simulated distances to the first year results of the SDSS-II SN survey and find that the SDSS distance distributions can be reproduced with simulated CC SNe that are ∼1 mag fainter than the standard Richardson et al. LFs, which do not produce a good fit. To exploit the full power of the Bayesian parameter estimation method, parameterization of the contaminating distribution should be guided by the current knowledge of the CC LFs, coupled with the effects of the survey selection and magnitude limit, and allow for systematic shifts caused by the parameters of the distance fit.
Matrix models, Toeplitz determinants and recurrence times for powers of random unitary matrices

The purpose of this article is to study the eigenvalues $u_1^{\, t}=e^{it\theta_1},\dots,u_N^{\,t}=e^{it\theta_N}$ of $U^t$ where $U$ is a large $N\times N$ random unitary matrix and $t>0$. In particular we are interested in the typical times $t$ for which all the eigenvalues are simultaneously close to $1$ in different ways thus corresponding to recurrence times in the issue of quantum measurements. Our strategy consists in rewriting the problem as a random matrix integral and use loop equations techniques to compute the first orders of the large $N$ asymptotic. We also connect the problem to the computation of a large Toeplitz determinant whose symbol is the characteristic function of several arc segments of the unit circle. In particular in the case of a single arc segment we recover Widom's formula. Eventually we explain why the first return time is expected to converge towards an exponential distribution when $N$ is large. Numeric simulations are provided along the paper to illustrate the results.
Suzaku Studies of Wide-Band Spectral Variability of the Bright Type I Seyfert Galaxy Markarian 509

The Type I Seyfert galaxy Markarian 509 was observed with Suzaku in 2010 November, for a gross time span of 2.2 days. Timing and spectral properties of the 0.5-45 keV X-rays, detected with the XIS and HXD, consistently revealed the presence of a soft spectral component that remained constant while the total X- ray intensity varied by \pm10%. This stable soft component, found in the 0.5-3.0 keV range, was interpreted as a result of thermal Comptonization in a corona with a temperature of ~ 0.5 keV and an optical depth of ~ 18. The time-avearged 0.5-45 keV Suzaku spectrum was reproduced successfully, as a combination of this thermal Comptonization component, a harder power-law of photon index ~ 1.8, moderate reflection, and an iron K-emission line. By analyzing four archival Suzaku datasets of the same object obtained in 2006, the thermal Comptonization component, which was stable during the 2.2 day pointing in 2010, was found to vary on time scales of a few weeks, independently of the power-law component. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the "multi-zone Comptonization" view, obtained with Suzaku from the black hole binary Cygnus X-1.
Spin filtering in all-electrical three-terminal interferometers

Unlike the two-terminal device, in which the time-reversal invariant spin-orbit interaction alone cannot polarize the spins, such a polarization can be generated when electrons from one source reservoir flow into two (or more) separate drain reservoirs. We present analytical solutions for two examples. First, we demonstrate that the electrons transmitted through a "diamond" interferometer into two drains can be simultaneously fully spin-polarized along different tunable directions, even when the two arms of the interferometer are not identical. Second, we show that a single helical molecule attached to more than one drain can induce a significant spin polarization in electrons passing through it. The average polarization remains non-zero even when the electrons outgoing into separate leads are eventually mixed incoherently into one absorbing reservoir. This may explain recent experiments on spin selectivity of certain helical-chiral molecules.
Detecting Cosmic Gravitational-wave Background from Super-heavy Cosmic Strings with LISA

Although cosmic string scenario for galaxy formation is disfavored by CMB data, it is of great interest in the generation of cosmic gravitational-wave background. This research aims to develop an algorithm to extract cosmic gravitational-wave background produced by cosmic strings from the LISA data stream, and apply the algorithm to the simulated data stream containing the background produced by cosmic strings with various strength to study the detection threshold for this source. For 1-yr observation, It is found that the detection threshold of G{\mu} is 3.12 \times 10^-16 in the standard scenario. In the case that p and {\epsilon} are adjustable, the detectable region in parameter space is defined by (G{\mu})^2/3 {\epsilon}^-1/3 / p> 4.6 \times 10-11.
On the distribution of Hecke eigenvalues for cuspidal automorphic representations for GL(2)

Given a self-dual cuspidal automorphic representation for GL(2) over a number field, we establish the existence of an infinite number of Hecke eigenvalues that are greater than an explicit positive constant, and an infinite number of Hecke eigenvalues that are less than an explicit negative constant. This provides an answer to a question of Serre. We also consider analogous problems for cuspidal automorphic representations that are not self-dual.
Subexponential tail equivalence of the queue length distributions of BMAP/GI/1 queues with and without retrials

The main contribution of this paper is to prove the subexponential tail equivalence of the stationary queue length distributions in the BMAP/GI/1 queues with and without retrials. We first present a stochastic-decomposition-like result of the stationary queue length in the BMAP/GI/1 retrial queue, which is an extension of the stochastic decomposition of the stationary queue length in the M${}^X$/GI/1 retrial queue. The stochastic-decomposition-like result shows that the stationary queue length distribution in the BMAP/GI/1 retrial queue is decomposed into two parts: the stationary conditional queue length distribution given that the server is idle; and a certain matrix sequence associated with the stationary queue length distribution in the corresponding standard BMAP/GI/1 queue (without retrials). Using the stochastic-decomposition-like result and matrix analytic methods, we prove the subexponential tail equivalence of the stationary queue length distributions in the BMAP/GI/1 queues with and without retrials. This tail equivalence result does not necessarily require that the size of an arriving batch is light-tailed, unlike Yamamuro's result for the M${}^X$/GI/1 retrial queue (Queueing Syst. 70:187--205, 2012). As a by-product, the key lemma to the roof of the main theorem presents a subexponential asymptotic formula for the stationary distribution of a level-dependent M/G/1-type Markov chain, which is the first reported result on the subexponential asymptotics of level-dependent block-structured Markov chains.
Black hole spin evolution affected by magnetic field decay

Black holes are spun up by accreting matter and possibly spun-down by magnetic fields. In our work we consider the effect on black hole rotation of the two electromagnetic processes, Blandford-Znajek and Direct Magnetic Link, that differ in their magnetic field configuration. The efficiency of these processes varies with mass accretion rate and accretion regime and generally result in an equilibrium spin parameter in the range from 0.35 to ~0.98. Magnetic field loses its energy while being accreted that may lead to an increase in equilibrium Kerr parameter for the case of advection-dominated disc. We find magnetic field decay decay can decrease electromagnetic term significantly thus increasing the Kerr parameter. We have performed Monte-Carlo simulations for a supermassive black hole population. Our simulations show broad distributions in Kerr parameter (0.1 0.9, episodes of supercritical accretion are required. This implication does not however take into account black hole mergers (that play an important role for supermassive black hole evolution).
On approximations of the Schr\"odinger-Newton equation by harmonic potentials

The evolution of the, initially Gaussian, centre-of-mass wave-function for a homogeneous, spherical particle according to the Schr\"odinger-Newton equation can be approximated by a harmonic potential, if the wave-function is narrow compared to the size of the particle. Here, the validity of a previously proposed approximation of the Schr\"odinger-Newton equation is studied, where this is extended beyond the regime of narrow wave-functions, replacing the coupling constant of the harmonic potential by a function of the wave-function width. It turns out that such an extension beyond the narrow wave-function regime is not a good approximation for the self-gravitational evolution according to the Schr\"odinger-Newton equation.
Development of Human Resource Management Structural Equation Model of the Automotive Parts Manufacturing Industry in Thailand

This research aims to study the human resource management model influencing the operational efficiency of the automotive parts manufacturing industry in Thailand. It is quantitative research and the research tool used was a questionnaire. The sample groups were executives of 500 establishments. The results showed that the knowledge management was average at a high level followed by human resource management, operational efficiency, and organizational innovation. The correlation analysis found that human resource management had a close relationship with organizational innovation. Knowledge management and operational efficiency were high as per the results of the concordance analysis of the model. It was found that the factors directly influencing operational efficiency were human resource management, organizational innovation, and knowledge management. These factors are important tools that help increase operational efficiency and create sustainable competitive advantages for the automotive parts manufacturing industry in Thailand.
Electrical impedance spectroscopy-based nondestructive testing for imaging defects in concrete structures

An electrical impedance spectroscopy-based nondestructive testing (NDT) method is proposed to image both cracks and reinforcing bars in concrete structures. The method utilizes the frequencydependent behavior of thin insulating cracks: low-frequency electrical currents are blocked by insulating cracks, whereas high-frequency currents can pass through the conducting bars without being blocked by thin cracks. Rigorous mathematical analysis relates the geometric structures of the cracks and bars to the frequency-dependent Neumannto-Dirichlet data. Various numerical simulations support the feasibility of the proposed method.
Geometric Bernstein Asymptotics and the Drinfeld-Lafforgue-Vinberg degeneration for arbitrary reductive groups

We define and study the Drinfeld-Lafforgue-Vinberg compactification of the moduli stack of G-bundles Bun_G for an arbitrary reductive group G; its definition is given in terms of the Vinberg semigroup of G, and is due to Drinfeld (unpublished). Throughout the article we prefer to view the compactification as a canonical multi-parameter degeneration of Bun_G which we call the Drinfeld-Lafforgue-Vinberg degeneration VinBun_G. We construct local models for the degeneration VinBun_G which "factorize in families" and use them to study its singularities, generalizing results of the article [Sch1] which was confined with the case G = SL_2. The multi-parameter degeneration VinBun_G gives rise to, for each parabolic of G, a corresponding nearby cycles functor. Our main theorem expresses the stalks of these nearby cycles in terms of the cohomology of the parabolic Zastava spaces. From this description we deduce that the nearby cycles of VinBun_G correspond, under the sheaf-function correspondence, to Bernstein's asymptotics map on the level of functions. This had been speculated by Bezrukavnikov-Kazhdan [BK] and Chen-Yom Din [CY] and conjectured in a precise form by Sakellaridis [Sak2].
Growing resilience capacity for learners presenting with specific learning disability in learners with special education needs schools

Background Preventing adversity from accelerating among learners with specific learning disabilities (SLD) is imperative. Continuous adversities, such as social-emotional, psychological and academic difficulties, characterise learners with SLD. Prior studies have been conducted on learners with SLD developing a disorder because of the difficulties they face. However, very few studies offer evidence of how learners presenting with SLD cope despite their learning disability. Objectives The study sought to investigate what resilience resources are available among learners with SLD in learners with special education needs (LSEN) schools and to provide stakeholders with evidence of resilience enablers for learners with SLD. Method An exploratory quantitative research study was adopted, and 217 respondents with SLD were selected through purposive sampling in four LSEN schools. These learners completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the custom table was used as a statistical technique Results Even though the presence of SLD negatively affects an individual’s academic, psychological, social and emotional functioning, the results of this study show that individual qualities, relationships with caregivers and peers and contextual resources were resilience-enabling resources for learners with SLD. Conclusion The study’s results show that the combination of individual attributes, relational and environmental factors enables the resilience of learners with SLD. When given accessible and meaningful support, learners with SLD can develop resilience. Contribution The study contributes to the dearth of knowledge regarding the resilience of learners with SLD in LSEN schools.
Quantization of the dynamics of a particle on a double cone by preserving Noether symmetries

The classical quantization of the motion of a free particle and that of an harmonic oscillator on a double cone are achieved by a quantization scheme [M. C. Nucci, Theor. Math. Phys. 168 (2011) 994], that preserves the Noether point symmetries of the underlying Lagrangian in order to construct the Schrödinger equation. The result is different from that given in [K. Kowalski, J. Rembielński, Ann. Phys. 329 (2013) 146]. A comparison of the different outcomes is provided.
Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision for Adults With Rectal Cancer

Transanal total mesorectal excision may result in lower rates of conversion to open procedure and a better circumferential resection margin compared with laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in adults with rectal cancer. Transanal total mesorectal excision may be comparable to laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for cancer recurrence, survival, death, and short-term safety outcomes in adults with rectal cancer. Total mesorectal excision may be more cost-effective than laparoscopic and open total mesorectal excision in adults with rectal cancer, but this is uncertain.
Pulsating variables from the OGLE and Araucaria projects

Abstract We present some results of long-term studies of pulsating stars conducted in the course of the OGLE and Araucaria projects. In particular, very scarce eclipsing binaries containing pulsating stars are discussed. Such systems provide a unique opportunity to improve calibration of the cosmic distance scale and to better calibrate stellar evolutionary models.
Skein relations for tangle Floer homology

In a previous paper, V\'ertesi and the first author used grid-like Heegaard diagrams to define tangle Floer homology, which associates to a tangle $T$ a differential graded bimodule $\widetilde{\mathrm{CT}} (T)$. If $L$ is obtained by gluing together $T_1, \dotsc, T_m$, then the knot Floer homology $\widehat{\mathrm{HFK}}(L)$ of $L$ can be recovered from $\widetilde{\mathrm{CT}} (T_1), \dotsc, \widetilde{\mathrm{CT}} (T_m)$. In the present paper, we prove combinatorially that tangle Floer homology satisfies unoriented and oriented skein relations, generalizing the skein exact triangles for knot Floer homology.
Remote Sensing of Surface Melt on Antarctica: Opportunities and Challenges

Surface melt is an important driver of ice shelf disintegration and its consequent mass loss over the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Monitoring surface melt using satellite remote sensing can enhance our understanding of ice shelf stability. However, the sensors do not measure the actual physical process of surface melt, but rather observe the presence of liquid water. Moreover, the sensor observations are influenced by the sensor characteristics and surface properties. Therefore, large inconsistencies can exist in the derived melt estimates from different sensors. In this study, we apply state-of-the-art melt detection algorithms to four frequently used remote sensing sensors, i.e., two active microwave sensors, which are Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and Sentinel-1, a passive microwave sensor, i.e., Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS), and an optical sensor, i.e., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We intercompare the melt detection results over the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet and four selected study regions for the melt seasons 2015–2020. Our results show large spatiotemporal differences in detected melt between the sensors, with particular disagreement in blue ice areas, in aquifer regions, and during wintertime surface melt. We discuss that discrepancies between sensors are mainly due to cloud obstruction and polar darkness, frequency-dependent penetration of satellite signals, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution, as well as the applied melt detection methods. Nevertheless, we argue that different sensors can complement each other, enabling improved detection of surface melt over the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Alternative Methodology of Problem Cases - AMPC for soil education guided by emancipatory principles

: Soil Education aims to give individuals a transforming formative process for conscious actions related to the soil in their life experiences in and with the world. As such, the educational methodologies addressing soil-related contents should be in dialogue with the purpose of this educational process. On the perspective of education for social transformation, it is recommended that professors of Higher Education avoid from pedagogical actions with traditional approaches, and start using other strategies and methodologies centered on students and their context. With the challenge of addressing the implementation of emancipatory principles in educational procedures within the disciplinary structure of a traditional paradigm of education and achieving the aim of Soil Education, we put forward the Alternative Methodology of Problem Cases (AMPC), which was shaped up from two methodologies with constructivist principles, P roblem-Based Learning (PBL) and Team-Based Learning (TBL). This methodology is divided into three phases (preparation, application, and reflection), which are in turn divided into seven steps that complement each other (recovery of socio-historical knowing and knowledge; study of the themes; problem case resolution; team guidance; individual activity report; and individual and collective feedback). In addition, the steps contain individual and team assignments, which revolve around the resolution of problem cases related to the future profession. The AMPC is different from PBL and TBL as the former is grounded on emancipatory principles that facilitate the development of educational processes that value the socio-historical knowing and knowledge of individuals and enable the development of students’ autonomy, creativity, critical thinking, and awareness for actions in real life. The challenges through which individuals can develop relational, complex, and critical thinking, apply them to professional life situations, confront and reframe their knowledge and knowing, as well as create solutions and plan future scenarios with the practice of solving problem cases about soils consist in the capacity of AMPC to be efficient to soil learning.
Information Technologies and Language: The Impact of CAT Systems on Improving the Efficiency of Translators' Training

The translator uses programs with different functions designed to improve, optimize, and ensure the quality of the translation process. The ability to use automated translation programs and knowledge of various CAT and applied tools significantly improve the productivity and quality of work, leading to an increase in the translator’s competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to show that the use of the functional capabilities of CAT systems in the implementation of written translation has a positive effect on forming contemporary professional and personal competencies of students, as well as on improving the quality of training of future translators. The article presents a comparative analysis of CAT programs, considers their main and advanced functional features, and identifies factors for improving the quality of student training in the course of integrating CAT systems into translation training. It is concluded that employing CAT systems in teaching translation leads to an increase in the quality of education in general. It brings the learning process closer to the working conditions of the real translation industry, orients students professionally, opens up opportunities to work with modern text formats and contents, and expands students' vision of the modern market of linguistic services and the relationship of linguistics with computer technologies. It also improves students' general computer literacy and their participation in real translation projects.
Uniform edge betweenness centrality

The edge betweenness centrality of an edge is loosely defined as the fraction of shortest paths between all pairs of vertices passing through that edge. In this paper, we investigate graphs where the edge betweenness centrality of edges is uniform. It is clear that if a graph G is edge-transitive (its automorphism group acts transitively on its edges) then G has uniform edge betweenness centrality. However this sufficient condition is not necessary. Graphs that are not edge-transitive but have uniform edge betweenness centrality appear to be very rare. Of the over 11.9 million connected graphs on up to ten vertices, there are only four graphs that are not edge-transitive but have uniform edge betweenness centrality. Despite this rarity among small graphs, we present methods for creating infinite classes of graphs with this unusual combination of properties.