Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsynoptic-Scale Energy Transformations in Various Severe Storm Situations

Abstract The energy transformations ore studied with a subsynoptic-scale upper air network for three types of severe storm environments under convective, nonconvective and frontal situations. The environment of the convective storms is most active energetically with intense generation and dissipation of kinetic energy taking place in the upper layer of the atmosphere. In the case of the non-convective environment, a strong adiabatic destruction of kinetic energy through the cross-isobaric flow takes place in the upper layer of the atmosphere. In the frontal cases the upper layer of the atmosphere becomes energetically inactive for the observed scale in terms of the gross energy budget. Examination of the kinetic energy budget during the thunderstorm passage indicates the existence of subsynoptic-scale areas of adiabatic generation and destruction of kinetic energy with the maximum destruction in the middle and upper layers in the area of the maximum storm intensity. The eddy energy transformations in the .
Electromagnetic tracking of endoscopic ultrasound probe for pancreas examination: accuracy assessment under realistic medical conditions

ABSTRACT Pancreatic cancer stands as the 3rdcause of death by cancer in 2021 and may become 2nd in a decade. In this context, early tumour diagnosis is primordial but unfortunately 3D medical imaging are not sensitive enough while Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allows early diagnosis. However it is not widely available due to its difficulty to master. We focus on developing a guidance system for low EUS expertise endoscopists . This would be enabled by providing a computer-assisted rendered scene showing patient’s 3D model with a real-time representation of the registered EUS probe. The corresponding accuracy is largely relying on the efficient registration of the patient-specific model to the real patient pose during EUS examination. For that purpose, we developed an electromagnetic tracking system attached to an EUS probe. We detail the used registration algorithm and our original experimental method for accuracy measurement based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography. We demonstrate an accuracy in position and angle of respectively mm and in pre-clinical conditions. We also demonstrate that efficient navigation can be proposed to clinicians during EUS even in complex and realistic anatomy of a swine model. This work is paving the way to a guided EUS navigation system for pancreas examination.
PLSR-Based Assessment of Soil Respiration Rate Changes under Aerated Irrigation in Relation to Soil Environmental Factors

To ameliorate soil oxygen deficiencies around subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) drippers, aerated irrigation (AI) was introduced to supply aerated water to the soil through venturi installed in the SDI pipeline. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of AI on the soil respiration rate and the mechanism of regulation. The Daejeon experiment included two treatments: AI and unaerated SDI as a control check (CK), and used the National Soil Quality Zhanjiang Observation and Experiment Station as a platform to carry out a 2-year (2020–2021) positioning experiment. The effects on the soil respiration rate, soil temperature, soil water content, oxygen content, soil bacterial biomass and root biomass of the two treatments were established. The oxygen content, soil bacterial biomass and root biomass regression equation, using the partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) algorithm and structural equation modeling (SEM), screened out the influence of soil respiration under AI treatment as the main soil environmental factor and driving mechanism of rate change. The results showed that compared with the control CK, the soil respiration rate, soil oxygen content, root biomass and soil bacterial biomass were significantly enhanced under AI treatment, the soil water content had a decreasing trend, and there was no significant difference in the effect on soil temperature between the different treatments. The regression fitting results showed that the soil respiration rate under both treatments was negatively correlated with soil temperature using a quadratic polynomial correlation, linearly correlated with the soil oxygen content, positively correlated with root biomass and soil bacterial biomass using power function and positively correlated with the soil water content using a cubic polynomial correlation. The PLSR and SEM results demonstrated that aerated irrigation technology could drive the increase in the soil respiration rate by changing the soil oxygen content, root biomass and bacterial biomass.
Screening and correlation effects in CVV Auger spectra of transition metals

We develop a theory of the core-valence-valence Auger spectra from 3d transition metals including core-hole screening effects. First, we analyse the limiting case when the d electrons fully screen the core hole in the initial state. We employ the variational method including singly excited states to construct the ground state with a completely screened core hole and solve the resulting many-body problem for correlated valence electrons using the self-consistent version of the perturbation theory in powers of U/w (where U is Hubbard on-site interaction and w, is the bandwidth) within the T-matrix approximation. The resulting lineshape has a contribution proportional to the one-particle density of valence states and, in addition, also the two-hole-one-electron contributions, but not the two-hole term that had been suggested in the literature. The latter arises only for filled bands. The comparison with experimental data is qualitatively good for early 3d metals, giving a natural explanation of the so-called 'negative U' behaviour, but deteriorates with increasing atomic number. Next, we present a simple approximation to describe the effects of incomplete relaxation in the initial state. Contributions from the unrelaxed initial state are proportional to a two-hole density of states convolved with a suitable core lineshape. This removes the difficulties with the late transition metals. Our results indicate that the core-hole screening becomes progressively less complete towards the end of the 3d series. The theory then reduces to the standard one, based on two-hole propagators in the low-density approximation.
Distribution network reconfiguration for energy loss reduction

A new method for energy loss reduction in distribution networks is presented. It is based on known techniques and algorithms for radial network analysis-oriented element ordering, power summation method for power flow, statistical representation of load variations and a recently developed energy summation method for the computation of energy losses. These methods, combined with the heuristic rules developed to lead the iterative process, make the energy loss minimization method effective, robust and fast. It presents an alternative to the power minimization methods for operation and planning purposes.
History of autostereoscopic cinema

This paper covers the history of autostereoscopic cinema, from the beginnings of autostereoscopy in the 1800s, the development of motion capability and it's subsequent evolution to present techniques. Public viewings of autostereoscopic movies have occurred on a semi-ongoing basis since the early 1940s. In Moscow and other cities, theaters were constructed called stereokinos, for showing autostereoscopic films, with specially positioned seating for proper viewing. The Cyclostéréoscope was an autostereoscopic cinema system invented by François Savoye in France. It was based around a drum made of metal bars that revolve around a screen. For several years in the 1940s and 1950s, it was open to the public in Paris. Any film made in a dual film format could be shown. Besides dedicated theaters in Russia and France, exhibits of content have occurred outside devoted theaters. The paper focuses on the history of autostereoscopic technology developed for entertainment, public viewing of content, the individuals involved and the content itself.
Ziegler spectra of serial rings with krull dimension

The (right) Ziegler spectrum of a ring R is a topological space the points of which are the isomorphism types of the indecomposable pure-injective (right) K-modules and is denoted by Z g R. The CB-rank of the Ziegler spectrum of a ring R is a measure for the complexity of the cat­egory of K-modules. The m-dimension of a module is a measure for the complexity of the lattice of its pp-definable subgroups. Using the clas­sification of the isomorphism types of the indecomposable pure-injective modules over a serial ring obtained by Eklof, Herzog and Puninski, we show that if R is a serial ring with Krull dimension, then Z g R has CB-rank and for every point in ZgR, its CB-rank is equal to its m-dimension. We also show that a serial Krull-Schmidt ring R has Krull dimension iff the largest theory of (right) R-modules has m-dimension.
Production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and change of cell viability induced by atmospheric pressure plasma in normal and cancer cells

The effects of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on cancer cells (human lung carcinoma cells) and normal cells (embryonic kidney cells and bronchial epithelial cells) were investigated. Using a detection dye, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to be increased in plasma-treated cells compared to non-treated and gas flow-treated cells. A significant overproduction of ROS and a reduction in cell viability were induced by plasma exposure on cancer cells. Normal cells were observed to be less affected by the plasma-mediated ROS, and cell viability was less changed. The selective effect on cancer and normal cells provides a promising prospect of cold plasma as a cancer therapy.
Multivariate subordination, self-decomposability and stability

Multivariate subordinators are multivariate Lévy processes that are increasing in each component. Various examples of multivariate subordinators, of interest for applications, are given. Subordination of Lévy processes with independent components by multivariate subordinators is defined. Multiparameter Lévy processes and their subordination are introduced so that the subordinated processes are multivariate Lévy processes. The relations between the characteristic triplets involved are established. It is shown that operator self-decomposability and the operator version of the class L m property are inherited from the multivariate subordinator to the subordinated process under the condition of operator stability of the subordinand.
A View Of Programming Languages

Abstract : The book, suitable for a second course in computer programming at the graduate level, is for undergraduates as well as graduates interested in the design of programming languages and in the implementation of language processors as well as for those who are using computers and are faced with the need for developing data structures appropriate to their problems. Areas covered include Markov Algorithms and primitive elements of programming, the ALGOL language, a general view of data structures, and extendability of languages through definitions. (Author)
Near-field enhanced Raman spectroscopy using side illumination optics

We demonstrate near-field enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the use of a metallized cantilever tip and highly p-polarized light directed onto the tip with side illumination optics using a long working distance objective lens. The highly p-polarized light field excites surface plasmon polaritons localized at the tip apex, which results in the enhanced near-field Raman scattering. In this article, we achieved an enhancement factor of 4000 for Rhodamine 6G molecules adsorbed on a silver island film. The side illumination is also applicable to an opaque sample and to near-field photolithography.
Spatio-temporal modeling of infectious disease dynamics

A stochastic model, which is well suited to capture space–time dependence of an infectious disease, was employed in this study to describe the underlying spatial and temporal pattern of measles in Barisal Division, Bangladesh. The model has two components: an endemic component and an epidemic component; weights are used in the epidemic component for better accounting of the disease spread into different geographical regions. We illustrate our findings using a data set of monthly measles counts in the six districts of Barisal, from January 2000 to August 2009, collected from the Expanded Program on Immunization, Bangladesh. The negative binomial model with both the seasonal and autoregressive components was found to be suitable for capturing space–time dependence of measles in Barisal. Analyses were done using general optimization routines, which provided the maximum likelihood estimates with the corresponding standard errors.
Design and implementation of a rotationally symmetric microellipsometer

We report a unique scanning microellipsometer using a high numerical aperture lens to provide large-angle ellipsometric illumination and high spatial resolution. This microellipsometer is equivalent to a multi-channel rotating analyzer ellipsometer obeying rotational symmetry. The symmetry is realized by using a circularly polarized incident beam, a variable circular retarder and a rotational analyzer. This rotational symmetry offers better signal-to-noise ratio compared with the other microellipsometer techniques. Scanning ellipsometric measurement of surface relief with spatial resolution of 0.5 μm is performed with a NA of 0.8 illumination by use of a He-Ne laser source.
Testing a model for triggering sawtooth oscillations in tokamaks

Simulations of JET and TFTR discharges with the BALDUR integrated modeling code are used to test a sawtooth model that consists of sawtooth triggering mechanisms [Porcelli et al., Plasma Phys. Contolled Fusion 38, 2163 (1996)] together with a modified version of the Kadomtsev sawtooth reconnection model [Kadomtsev, Sov. J. Plasma Phys. 1, 389 (1975)]. In simulations of 12 TFTR low confinement (L-mode) and 5 JET high confinement (H-mode) discharges, sawtooth triggering conditions are examined in order to determine which physical mechanisms are responsible for the crashes. It is found that most sawtooth crashes in the simulations are triggered by the m=1 resistive internal kink instability in plasmas that are in the semicollisional regime. However, in some discharges, some of the sawtooth crashes are triggered as a consequence of the driving force for the internal kink instability overcoming the fast ion stabilization. In rare instances, a sawtooth crash is triggered when the driving force for the internal .
Realization of a high speed biped using modern control theory

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new controlling method of the biped locomotion composed of seven links and to show simulated and experimental data of the locomotive motion of the biped called CW-1 built in our laboratory. The control method depends mainly on the linear optimal state feedback regulator, which stabilizes the stance supported by both legs as a commanded attitude. As a result the biped successfully walks any pre-determined steps such that one step takes only one second.
COMPUTATIONAL AND INTELLIGENT OPTIMIZATION TUNING METHOD FOR PID CONTROLLER

Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control systems are quite common in the commercial, institutional, industrial plants and many real-life applications due to their advantages over other kind of controllers. Proper application and tuning of PID parameters can provide many benefits and increase process efficiency. However, improper implementation, due to lack of understanding and poor tuning processes, are often be the main cause behind many problems. Conventional PID tuning methods can’t meet the demands as the system becomes more and more complex due to trial and error approach, therefore a more systematic and automated approach is needed. This paper discusses the background and theory behind PID controller and bring a clear understanding how to perform tuning process for PID controllers and presents computational and intelligent optimization techniques such as Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution used to make the control deviation of step response close to zero, have faster response and smaller or even without overshoot. Through literature survey from existing publications, several issues related to the implementation of the PID controller to enhance the performance of such as model plant development, parameter setting, control characteristics expected and tuning processes are discussed and summarized. The conclusion is that computational and intelligent optimization tuning method produce less overshoot, shorter rise and settling time and less errors in system responses, therefore producing more optimal tuning and at the end more optimal system performance.
Discovering Combinations of Genomic Aberrations Associated With Cancer

This article introduces a model-based statistical methodology for the analysis of copy-number variations in cancer genomes measured by comparative genomic hybridization. The methodology allows one to infer combinations of genomic aberrations associated with the cancer phenotype. The stochastic model conjoins two features of cancer biology to infuse some context into an otherwise unsupervised learning problem. It asserts random genomic instability in a potential progenitor cell, followed by selection into a tumor of the descending cell lineage if the lineage experiences certain ensembles of genomic aberration. Disease heterogeneity is reflected in the possibility of a network containing multiple ensembles. The network of ensembles is an identifiable parameter. By forming the sampling model conditionally on selection, statistical dependencies (both positive and negative) can be induced between aberrations, and the model entails heterogeneity in the marginal rate of occurrence of aberrations. A double-Pólya distribution is introduced as a prior over the network of ensembles, and Markov chain Monte Carlo is developed to enable posterior computation. As an example, the methodology is used to reanalyze genomic aberrations from 116 renal cell carcinomas. It produces posterior probabilities that any given aberration is relevant to oncogenesis, posterior probabilities that pairs of aberrations reside in a common ensemble, and a point estimate of the network of ensembles. The methodology provides a model-based clustering of all measured aberrations according to these estimated ensembles and a model-based clustering of tumors according to the probable ensembles of genomic aberration that they have experienced. Although it is formulated here to analyze aberrations in cancer genomes, the instability-selection-network model may provide an approach to modeling dependence in correlated binary data on various biological systems. Limitations and possible extensions of the methodology are discussed.
An Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Watershed Transform

An improved image segmentation algorithm based on watershed transform is presented In this paper. Firstly the normalized cut method and watershed transform are explained and analyzed. Secondly the idea of the improved algorithm and the main formula are explained. We consider the area and perimeter when we merge adjacent regions. We define a new weight value and discuss the value of the parameter α and β. Finally the experiment result is presented. The new algorithm reduces the nodes and the computational demand of the common normalized cut technique.
The Optimal Recourse Problem in Discrete Time: $L^1 $-Multipliers for Inequality Constraints

An optimal recourse problem is an optimization problem with both stochastic and dynamic aspects, involving the interplay of observations and responses. In discrete time (with a finite horizon), there are finitely many stages, at each of which a decision is selected on the basis of prior observations of random events and subject to costs and constraints affected by these observations as well as past decisions. The goal is to minimize expected cost, taking into account the known distribution of future random events. This paper is concerned with the derivation of necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality in the case of convex costs and constraints.It is shown that if the recourse problem is strictly feasible and satisfies a new condition called essentially complete recourse, optimal solutions can be characterized by a “pointwise” Kuhn–Tucker property involving $L^1 $-multipliers. Applications to multistage stochastic programs with special structures are developed in the last two sections of the pape.
Electrical and thermoelectric properties of some copper chalcogenides

The alloys Cu2Te1-xSx and Cu2Te1-xSex are prepared within the composition range of homogeneous solid solutions (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.15) by direct reaction of pure elements. The homogeneity of the constituents is tested using micro-probe analysis. The electrical conductivity σ, Hall coefficient RH, and thermoelectric power Q are measured as functions of temperature between 100 and 700 K. For x = 0, the electrical conductivity results between 370 and 650 K can be interpreted semiquantitatively using the Celustka model of a semiconductor undergoing phase transformation through an intermediate two-phase region. The relevant phases are attributed to α- and β-Cu2Te. At constant temperature, σ increases, RH decreases, and Q shows a maximum with increasing x. The discrepancy between these results and those of similar literature investigations is attributed to the employment of different methods for the preparation of the alloys. Alloys with composition x = 0.05 (either S or Se) are found to possess the maximum electrical efficiency Q2σ ≈ 1.6 × 10−6 W/cm K2 at 300 K and 9.4 × 10−6 W/cm K2 at 600 K. Die Legierungen Cu2Te1-xSx und Cu2Te1-xSex werden im Zusammensetzungsbereich der homogenen Mischkristalle (0 ≦ x ≦ 0,15) durch direkte Reaktionen der reinen Elemente hergestellt. Die Homogenitat der Konstituenten wird mit Mikrosondenanalyse uberpruft. Die elektrische Leitfahigkeit σ, der Hallkoeffizient RH und die Thermospannung Q werden in Abhangigkeit von der Temperatur zwischen 100 und 700 K gemessen. Fur x = 0 lassen sich die Ergebnisse der elektrischen Leitfahigkeit zwischen 370 und 650 K halbquantitativ mit dem Celustka-Modell eines Halbleiters erklaren, der einen Phasenubergang uber einen Zweiphasen-Zwischenbereich durchlauft. Die relevanten Phasen werden α- und β-Cu2 Te zugeordnet. Bei konstanter Temperatur nimmt a zu, RH nimmt ab und Q zeigt ein Maximum mit zunehmendem x. Der Widerspruch zwischen diesen Ergebnissen und denen ahnlicher Untersuchungen aus der Literatur wird der Benutzung verschiedener Methoden fur die Herstellung der Legierungen zugeschrieben. Es wird gefunden, das die Legierungen mit der Zusammensetzung x = 0,05 (sowohl S als auch Se) einen maximalen elektrischen Wirkungsgrad Q2σ ≈ 1,6 × 10−6 W/cm K2 bei 300 K und 9,4 × 10−6 W/cm K2 bei 600 K besitzen.
Hybrid Fourier-wavelet image denoising

Transform-domain image denoising methods assume that the original signal can be sparsely represented in the transform domain, but none of the orthogonal transforms can achieve sparse representation for all images. Proposed is a hybrid Fourier-wavelet denoising method to overcome this shortcoming. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves denoising performance efficiently.
MODAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS WITH IMPACT NON-LINEARITIES: LIMITATIONS TO A MODAL SUPERPOSITION

This paper presents an attempt to generalize the modal superposition formula to mechanical systems with impact type non-linearities following the procedure introduced for smooth non-linearities. The study is restricted to simple one- and two-degree-of-freedom systems with a unilateral constraint on one of the degrees of freedom, for which the response can be analytically determined. Generalized frequencies, modes and masses are built in the procedure. The results obtained for various sets of parameters point out some limitations to the validity of a general modal superposition formula.