Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Can We Learn from Game Leadership?

Current Leadership faces severe problems, since the workforce is changing and it becomes more complicated to motivate employees. Therefore this paper looks into how video games are handling the topic of leadership. Gaming is part of the modern media world and as research indicates it gives insights into leadership of future organizations. In this paper leadership theory will be compared with two cases of games: On the one hand World of Warcraft and on the other hand Counter-Strike. Both games give different insights of the intuitive game leadership training of these players. After comparing these cases with the leadership theory, we see that they are mostly fitting to the leadership theory, thus their approach to these principles is different. Therefore the cases allow us to learn diverse tactics of leadership, as the cases focus on the fun and the motivation. The players enjoy the learning of new skills and align with other peoples and different abilities. In summary this paper shows, that gamer already learning several skills for leading companies and teams, however they also learn to participate in teams on their own. Companies can learn that motivation and keep raising the bar are essential for organizations in order to attract the new gamer generation. We also learn about the importance of the fun in work, which becomes more essential for the gamers.
Using Treatment Theories to Refine the Designs of Brain Injury Rehabilitation Treatment Effectiveness Studies

Many rehabilitation treatments are difficult to define, resulting in a lack of clarity about their essential “active ingredients. ” Treatment theories can narrow the scope of possible active ingredients, by clearly specifying how the treatment is believed to act. Efficacy studies of theory-defined treatments assess their clinical value, but also advance the science underlying the theory. In addition, treatment theories shape inclusion and exclusion criteria by suggesting what types of patients may benefit, and shape outcome measures by suggesting where the treatment impact should be seen. Finally, treatment theories can assist an investigator in the selection of an optimal study design.
Explaining Transitions from Neopatrimonial Dictatorships

number of possible political trajectories for neopatrimonial regimes.2 A military coup, a nonrevolutionary transition to civilian rule, and ongoing stability are also possibilities. In this article I analyze the nonrevolutionary cases of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines, Franqois "Papa Doc" Duvalier and Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier in Haiti, Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay, and Mobutu Sese Seko in Zaire, alongside the revolutionary cases of Anastasio Somoza Debayle in Nicaragua, Mohammad Reza Shah in Iran, and Fulgencio Batista in Cuba, in order to sharpen our understanding of the conditions that influence transitions from neopatrimonialism. My purpose is to examine the variables which adcount for transition to military dictatorship, transition to civilian rule, stability, and revolution as alternative paths of political development for neopatrimonial regimes. Neopatrimonial regimes are characterized by the chief executive's maintenance of state authority through an extensive network of personal patronage, rather than through ideology or impersonal law.3 The degree to which the patronage network radiating from the ruler penetrates state institutions, especially the military, tends to be uneven and to fluctuate over time. There is often an ongoing struggle between the dictator, who seeks to wrest autonomy from state institutions, and the incumbents of these institutions, who seek to retain autonomy. In neopatrimonial regimes the degree to which the patronage network penetrates civil society also varies. Hence the position of societal elites and their followers can range from thorough cooptation by patronage resources to denial of such resources altogether. The variables I propose as explanations for the alternative paths of transitions from neopatrimonialism capture changes in the relationship of the dictator's patronage network to state institutions and to societal elites.
Discussion of an Empirical Study of Error Characteristics in Audit Populations

Empirical studies of error characteristics in accounting populations should enable auditors systematically and intelligently to select estimators to be used in an audit. My comments on this particular study are grouped into two categories. First, I discuss the reasonableness of the error characteristics chosen to be reported. Then I comment on what the objectives of such an analysis are or should be.
Phosphorylation–dephosphorylation differentially affects activities of splicing factor ASF/SF2

SR proteins are a conserved family of splicing factors that function in both constitutive and activated splicing. We reported previously that phosphorylation of the SR protein ASF/SF2 enhances its interaction with the U1 snRNP‐specific 70K protein and is required for the protein to function in splicing, while other studies have provided evidence that subsequent dephosphorylation can also be required for SR protein function, at least in constitutive splicing. We now show that the phosphorylation status of ASF/SF2 can differentially affect several properties of the protein. In keeping with a dynamic cycle of phosphorylation–dephosphorylation during splicing, ASF/SF2 phosphorylation was found to affect interaction with several putative protein targets in different ways: positively, negatively or not at all. Extending these results, we also show that, in contrast to constitutive splicing, dephosphorylation is not required for ASF/SF2 to function as a splicing activator. We discuss these results with respect to the differential protein–protein interactions that must occur during constitutive and activated splicing.
High Price Signals High Quality

We examine pricing in markets where products may be of heterogeneous quality and buyers have heterogeneous preferences. The sellers cannot credibly communicate the quality they offer, and consequently price acts as a signal of quality. We determine the equilibria of the model both when the quality is exogenously given, and when the sellers can choose what quality to produce. We single out the unique symmetric equilibrium that satisfies the intuitive criterion. Compared to the bench mark case where quality is observable the price of high-quality goods is higher when quality is not observable but must be inferred from the price.
Inhibitory effects of green tea catechin on the lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of green tea (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on the depletion of accumulated fat in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Intracellular lipid accumulation was decreased significantly after 24 h of incubation with 10 µm EGCG, while the viability of adipocytes was reported to be unaffected. Under the same experimental conditions, the amount of glycerol released from cells into the medium was increased by 10 µm EGCG. The level of mRNA in the 3T3‐L1 adipocytes was analysed by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. EGCG notably increased the mRNA level of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which catalyses the rate‐limiting stage in hydrolysis of stored triacylglycerol to monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids. In conclusion, the experiment produced results which showed that green tea EGCG effectively depleted fat accumulation via the stimulation of lipolysis and increased HSL gene expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. These results may relate to the mechanism by which EGCG modulates lipolysis in adipocytes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic mobility of young workers in the 1970s and 1980s

This paper uses longitudinal data to estimate cohort changes in the earnings trajectories of young adult males. Levels of earnings are uniformly lower for male workers turning 21 between 1980 and 1991 than in 1970-1979, although rates of earnings growth are roughly comparable. Among males turning 21 before 1980, six in 10 (60%) of all men and seven in 10 (71%) college-educated men attained earnings levels by age 30 that were at least twice the poverty level. Corresponding fractions for workers turning 21 between 1980 and 1991 were considerably lower (42% and 56%). Recent cohorts from all demographic subgroups appeared to have more difficulty than older cohorts in attaining middle-class earnings.
Comparative Assessment of Dental Arch Relationships Using Goslon Yardstick in Patients with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Using Dental Casts, Two-Dimensional Photos, and Three-Dimensional Images

Objective Comparison of the use of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images for rating dental arch relationships. Materials and Methods The sample consists of pretreatment dental casts, 2D photographs, and 3D images of 70 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Two experienced examiners used the Goslon Yardstick to rate dental arch relationships. The ratings were done three times for all groups. Weighted kappa statistics were used to evaluate intra- and interrater agreement and the agreement between the groups. Results Intra- and interexaminer agreement were high for all groups (between 0.86 and 0.96), indicating very good reproducibility. The mean Goslon scores ranged between 2.84 and 2.90. Conclusion 2D and 3D imaging of dental casts provides a valid alternative for actual study models for rating dental arch relationships.
Molecular imprint polymers as highly selective stationary phases for open tubular liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography

Chiral separations employing molecular imprint polymer (MIP) stationary phases in both open tubular liquid chromatography (OT‐LC) and capillary electrochromatography (OT‐CEC) are demonstrated. MIPs are highly crosslinked polymers containing spatial and functionality memory of template molecules which provide a higher degree of selectivity when used as stationary phases for chromatographic separations. Thin films of molecular imprinted polymers bonded to the inner walls of 25 μm ID fused‐silica capillaries were prepared using an in situ polymerization technique developed in our laboratory that allows the use of conventional fused‐silica capillaries with polyimide outer coatings. The success rate in preparing such open tubular columns was about 70%. Methacrylic acid and 2‐vinyl pyridine were chosen as functional monomers, and either ethylene dimethacrylate or trimethylol propane trimethacrylate was used as the crosslinker. Toluene was employed as the porogen. Effects of polymerization conditions on column preparation and chromatographic performance were studied. Enantiomeric separations of D‐ and L‐dansyl phenylalanines were achieved in both OT‐LC and OT‐CEC modes with good selectivity and efficiencies. Both types of separations may be performed on the same column using a single commercial instrument.
Split-multistring 3-level NPC photovoltaic inverter suitable for partially shaded conditions

To meet the continuous increase in demand of green energy, large solar photovoltaic (PV) plants are being installed worldwide. However, in most of the cases, the large PV plants are underperforming due to the impact of partial shading and/or panel mismatch. To address this, a split-multistring 3-Level NPC photovoltaic inverter is presented that promises to supply good quality of power to the grid with maximum efficiency under partially shaded conditions. In this configuration, each PV string with individual boost converter and MPP tracker is connected across DC link capacitor of NPC inverter, producing higher yield. However, in partial shaded conditions, the voltage unbalance across DC link capacitors due to unequal power generated in individual string produces distortion and affects the quality of output power supplied to the grid. To compensate this, a Carrier Based Pulse Width Modulation (CB-PWM) based voltage balancing scheme is adopted here that reduces the unbalance quickly without introducing low frequency oscillations. The dynamic responses of the system including power control, grid synchronization, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), unbalance compensation etc. at different irradiation are simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed system at partial shaded conditions and/panel mismatch, which are very common occurrences in medium to large PV plants.
Changes in booking body mass index over a decade: retrospective analysis from a Glasgow Maternity Hospital

Whether booking body mass index (BMI) in the UK is increasing is unknown but is of clinical interest since overweight or obese pregnant women face far greater risks of pregnancy complications including pre‐eclampsia and gestational diabetes. We examined booking BMI in 1990 and 2002/2004, of women with singleton pregnancies. Our analyses indicate an increase of 1 U in mean BMI over this period despite lower parity in recent years. When the model was adjusted for maternal age, parity, smoking status and deprivation category the mean BMI was 1.37 U higher in 2002/2004 than in 1990. More striking was the significant increase in the proportion of women who were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) at booking—more than twofold higher in unadjusted analysis (18.9%vs 9.4%) rising to greater than threefold higher in multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that obesity‐related pregnancy complications are likely to increase with implications for both mother and child.
DOES GENDER HAVE ANY IMPACT ON PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE? A CASE STUDY OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA

This paper sought to find out if gender played any role on the performance of portfolio held by civil servants in Edo State, Nigeria. The instrument of data collection was by structured questionnaire and analyses by use of regression and correlation matrix. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the performance of portfolio held by men and women. The paper recommends the need for the government of Nigeria to encourage the development of more investment trusts and funds because most of the investors on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) are small unsophisticated investors. Also to improve the level of financial knowledge of the individual investors through enlightenment programmes as this may solve the problem of herding.
Genome-Wide Structural Variation Detection by Genome Mapping on Nanochannel Arrays

Comprehensive whole-genome structural variation detection is challenging with current approaches. With diploid cells as DNA source and the presence of numerous repetitive elements, short-read DNA sequencing cannot be used to detect structural variation efficiently. In this report, we show that genome mapping with long, fluorescently labeled DNA molecules imaged on nanochannel arrays can be used for whole-genome structural variation detection without sequencing. While whole-genome haplotyping is not achieved, local phasing (across >150-kb regions) is routine, as molecules from the parental chromosomes are examined separately. In one experiment, we generated genome maps from a trio from the 1000 Genomes Project, compared the maps against that derived from the reference human genome, and identified structural variations that are >5 kb in size. We find that these individuals have many more structural variants than those published, including some with the potential of disrupting gene function or regulation.
An RNA Pseudoknot Is Required for Production of Yellow Fever Virus Subgenomic RNA by the Host Nuclease XRN1

ABSTRACT Cells and mice infected with arthropod-borne flaviviruses produce a small subgenomic RNA that is colinear with the distal part of the viral 3′-untranslated region (UTR). This small subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) results from the incomplete degradation of the viral genome by the host 5′-3′ exonuclease XRN1. Production of the sfRNA is important for the pathogenicity of the virus. This study not only presents a detailed description of the yellow fever virus (YFV) sfRNA but, more importantly, describes for the first time the molecular characteristics of the stalling site for XRN1 in the flavivirus genome. Similar to the case for West Nile virus, the YFV sfRNA was produced by XRN1. However, in contrast to the case for other arthropod-borne flaviviruses, not one but two sfRNAs were detected in YFV-infected mammalian cells. The smaller of these two sfRNAs was not observed in infected mosquito cells. The larger sfRNA could also be produced in vitro by incubation with purified XRN1. These two YFV sfRNAs formed a 5′-nested set. The 5′ ends of the YFV sfRNAs were found to be just upstream of the previously predicted RNA pseudoknot PSK3. RNA structure probing and mutagenesis studies provided strong evidence that this pseudoknot structure was formed and served as the molecular signal to stall XRN1. The sequence involved in PSK3 formation was cloned into the Sinrep5 expression vector and shown to direct the production of an sfRNA-like RNA. These results underscore the importance of the RNA pseudoknot in stalling XRN1 and also demonstrate that it is the sole viral requirement for sfRNA production.
Progressive natural balance of neutral-point voltage of three-level NPC inverter with a modified SVM scheme

It is well known that the neutral point voltage of three-level NPC (neutral point clamped) inverter tends to deviate during operation. The voltage deviation can cause uneven voltage distribution among switching devices and additional harmonic distortion. The problem is normally mitigated by a closed loop control of the neutral point voltage. In this paper, the problem is fully analyzed from mathematical point of view. It is proven mathematically that the neutral point voltage can be naturally balanced from initial unbalanced neutral-point voltage when the inverter output PWM (pulse width modulation) sequences do not contain even-order harmonics, non-zero load resistance and different three phase switching states. The experimental results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis
The co-transplantation of human bone marrow stromal cells and embryo olfactory ensheathing cells as a new approach to treat spinal cord injury in a rat model.

BACKGROUND Both bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) have been demonstrated experimentally as promising for therapy of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, clinical use may be constrained by the margin neuronal differentiation capacity of BMSC as well as the limited number of isolatable OEC. This study therefore tested the efficacy of co-grafting human BMSC and OEC in treating thoracic SCI. METHODS Rat SCI models were created with cushion forces. OEC were labeled with Hoechst 33342 and BMSC with BrdU or GFP. BMSC, OEC and BMSC plus OEC were injected into the injured sites of rat spinal cords. Histologic, electrophysiologic and functional approaches were applied to assess the effects of transplantation of these cell types. RESULTS Behavioral evaluation showed an improvement in animals with all cell-based treatments. The co-graft led to significantly higher gait scaling. The latency of transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potential (tcMMEP) responses was also better restored in the co-graft group. Larger numbers and sizes of axon bundles through the transitional zone between the normal and injured regions were observed in the co-graft animals in comparison with all other animals. Transplanted bone marrow stromal cells were identified as neurofilament-positive in the co-grafted animals although the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells remained the same in all groups. DISCUSSION Taken together, our results suggest that the combined use of BMSC and OEC may provide an improved approach for the treatment of SCI.
Clinical, hematological, and imaging observations in a 25-year-old woman with abetalipoproteinemia

Abetalipoproteinemia is an uncommon cause of ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Most of the neurological and ocular manifestations occur secondary to deficiency syndromes that is consequent to fat malabsorption from the small intestine. In this report, we have described the phenotype of a young adult female who manifested with recurrent diarrheal illness in her first decade, followed by anemia, RP, and neurological involvement with progressive deafness, cerebellar and sensory ataxia, and subclinical neuropathy in her second decade of life. While RP and sensory ataxia due to vitamin E deficiency are well-recognized features of abetalipoproteinemia, deafness is rarely described. In addition, we have highlighted the abnormal posterior column signal changes in the cervical cord in this patient. Early recognition avoids unnecessary investigations and has a potential to retard the disease progression by replacing some of the deficient vitamins.
Evaluating VPIN as a Trigger for Single-Stock Circuit Breakers

We study if VPIN (Easley et al., 2012a) is an efficient advance indicator of toxicity-induced liquidity crises and related sharp price movements. We find that high VPIN readings rarely signal abnormal illiquidity, and very occasionally anticipate large intraday price changes leading to actual trading halts. We find significant differences in illiquidity and price impact between VPIN-identified toxic and non-toxic halts, but they tend to vanish when we control for ex ante realized volatility. We conclude that the capacity of VPIN to anticipate truly toxic events is limited.
Hydrogen peroxide generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to peritoneal dialysis effluent

In the presence of peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE), human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) showed reduced production of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid (H2O2 and HOCl, respectively) when at rest and when stimulated with both soluble (formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol myristate acetate) and particulate (Staphylococcus epidermidis) agonists. This effect occurred in a concentration-dependent manner between 0 and 70%. (vol/vol) dialysis effluent. The inhibition of H2O2 and HOCl observed in resting, formy-methionylleucyphenyalanine-stimulated, and S. epidermidis-stimulated PMN was confined to a low-molecular-mass (< 10,000-Da) fraction of PDE, whereas the inhibition of the PMA response was equally dispersed throughout both low (< 10,000-Da)- and high-molecular-mass (> 10,000-Da) fractions. Human serum albumin, a major component of PDE, also inhibited H2O2 and HOCl production by PMN; however, results from cell-free systems suggested that human serum albumin was not wholly responsible for the inhibition of PMN function seen with PDE. The solute(s) responsible did not affect myloperoxidase but very rapidly scavenged H2O2 and HOCl. These data suggest that the factors capable of affecting H2O2 and HOCl production by PMN accumulate in uremia and are removed from the circulation into dialysis effluent.