Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grain-scale strain mapping for analysis of slip activity in polycrystalline B2 RuAl

Strain development in a single phase polycrystalline B2 RuAl alloy has been studied at the local microstructural scale via a high-resolution surface displacement mapping technique. Significant heterogeneity of straining is observed within individual grains and among neighbouring grains. Strains accumulated in a self-similar manner at the grain scale during stepped loading experiments. Schmid factors for the possible slip systems were calculated using grain orientation data collected by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). Considering the two major active slip systems identified in RuAl, i.e. ⟨ 100 ⟩{110} and ⟨ 110⟩{110}, activity on the ⟨ 110⟩{110} slip system dominated the local straining behaviour within the grains investigated. Complementary TEM dislocation analyses were performed by removing foils from targeted representative grains using a focused ion beam (FIB) system. A higher density of ⟨ 110⟩ dislocations compared to ⟨ 100 ⟩ dislocations were observed in the most heavily strained grain.
The Great Potato Search : The Effects of Visual Context on Users ’ Feature Search and Recognition Abilities in an IVR Scene Interactive Poster

We present a user study of the effects of visual context and interaction methods on visual search performance in an immersive virtual reality (IVR) system. Contrary to previous research on 2D visual search, our results suggest that visual context does not significantly contribute to a user’s ability to find and identify features on an object in a scene. However, we did find that using a hand-held device to manipulate the object during search facilitated user performance more than simply walking around a static object.
Fast and Secure Laptop Backups with Encrypted De-duplication

Many people now store large quantities of personal and corporate data on laptops or home computers. These often have poor or intermittent connectivity, and are vulnerable to theft or hardware failure. Conventional backup solutions are not well suited to this environment, and backup regimes are frequently inadequate. This paper describes an algorithm which takes advantage of the data which is common between users to increase the speed of backups, and reduce the storage requirements. This algorithm supports client-end per-user encryption which is necessary for confidential personal data. It also supports a unique feature which allows immediate detection of common subtrees, avoiding the need to query the backup system for every file. We describe a prototype implementation of this algorithm for Apple OS X, and present an analysis of the potential effectiveness, using real data obtained from a set of typical users. Finally, we discuss the use of this prototype in conjunction with remote cloud storage, and present an analysis of the typical cost savings.
TinyStream: A Lightweight and Novel Stream Cipher Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Implementation performance and key randomness are two key issues for stream cipher systems. In this paper, a lightweight stream cipher with good randomness of key stream is firstly proposed. It utilizes a novel proposed model named tree parity machine to generate streams. The most superiority of our scheme is that 128 bits could be generated based on one time of state rotation, and it passes the full ENT randomness test. Then, implementation of the proposed scheme for wireless sensor networks, Tiny Stream, is presented. Tiny Stream is based on TinySec protocols, and just costs 65024 bytes ROM and 1659184 bytes RAM with a subtle rather than that of TinySec. Due to the simple structure and small computation, Tiny Stream is considered to be good for secure communication applications in the resource constraint WSNs
On the contribution of gratings with laterally graded groove depths to the design and performances of SOLEIL soft X-ray monochromators

The so called varied groove depth (VGD) etching technology, developed by Horiba-Jobin-Yvon, which consists in laterally grading the groove depth of a lamellar grating, is exploited in the monochromators of the seven soft x-ray beamlines of SOLEIL. With a VGD profile a single grating can perform in more than a decade wide energy band and some control is given over the harmonic content. It also requires a specific, but easily achieved design of the beamline optics to match the lateral footprint of the beam to the depth variation. Performances predicted by computation with electromagnetic propagation code are supported by flux measurements of the two first harmonics in the experimental chamber of a photoemission beamline, and by measurements of grating efficiencies on SOLEIL etrology beamline.
Security analysis and solution for thwarting cache poisoning attacks in the Domain Name System

The Domain Name System is a crucial part of the Internet's infrastructure, as it provides basic information that is vital for the proper operation of the Internet. The importance of DNS has caused it to be targeted by malicious attackers who are interested in causing damage and gaining personal benefits. Thus nowadays, DNS faces many security threats such as DNS spoofing and cache poisoning attacks. This paper presents S-DNS, an efficient security solution for thwarting cache poisoning attacks in the DNS hierarchy. The contribution of the S-DNS protocol lies in: (1) decreasing the success probability of DNS spoofing and cache poisoning by preventing man-in-the-middle attacks, (2) providing a backward compatible and simple security solution with low computation and communication overheads, (3) targeting the different DNS query interaction models from iterative, recursive, and caching schemes, and (4) employing an efficient Identity-Based Encryption key management scheme that relieves the different DNS interacting entities from the burden and complexities of traditional public-key infrastructures.
Dihydropyridine and ryanodine binding in ventricles from rat, trout, dogfish and hagfish.

In the adult mammalian heart, the majority of Ca2+ required for contraction is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via the Ca2+-release channel or ryanodine receptor (RyR). Such release is dependent upon a relatively small influx of Ca2+ entering the cell across the sarcolemma (SL) by means of the L-type Ca2+ channel or the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR). In lower vertebrates, there is indirect evidence suggesting that Ca2+ influx across the SL may be sufficient to support contraction in the absence of Ca2+ release from the SR. This apparent difference in myocardial excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling was investigated further by determining DHPR and RyR densities in ventricular homogenate preparations from rat, trout, dogfish and hagfish. DHPR Bmax values (means +/- S.E.M.) were highest in rat (0.30 +/- 0.01 pmol mg-1), lower in trout (0.16 +/- 0.01 pmol mg-1) and dogfish (0.27 +/- 0.03 pmol mg-1), and slightly above the level of detection in hagfish (0.03 +/- 0.01 pmol mg-1). The DHPR dissociation constants (Kd) of 40-70 pmoll-1 in these three species were of similar magnitude. RyR binding revealed both high- and low-affinity sites in all species. RyR Bmax for the high-affinity site was greatest in the rat (0.68 pmol mg-1), lower in trout (0.19 pmol mg-1) and dogfish (0.07 pmol mg-1) and lowest in hagfish (0.01 pmol mg-1). The RyR Kd1 values for the high-affinity sites were comparable in all preparations (range 12-87 nmoll-1). The quantitative expression of RyRs in these species is consistent with the relative amount of SR present as indicated in physiological experiments and electron micrographs. Taking into consideration myocyte morphology of teleost and elasmobranch species, the data are consistent with a greater reliance on Ca2+ influx across the SL during E-C coupling in lower vertebrates, although a functional role for Ca2+ release from the SR in the more active species await further investigation.
Activation by Galectin-3 Regulation of Alternative Macrophage

Alternative macrophage activation is implicated in diverse disease pathologies such as asthma, organ ﬁbrosis, and granulomatous diseases, but the mechanisms underlying macrophage programming are not fully understood. Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding lectin present on macrophages. We show that disruption of the galectin-3 gene in 129sv mice speciﬁcally restrains IL-4/IL-13-induced alternative macrophage activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro and in resident lung and recruited peritoneal macrophages in vivo without affecting IFN- (cid:1) /LPS-induced classical activation or IL-10-induced deac-tivation. IL-4-mediated alternative macrophage activation is inhibited by siRNA-targeted deletion of galectin-3 or its membrane receptor CD98 and by inhibition of PI3K. Increased galectin-3 expression and secretion is a feature of alternative macrophage activation. IL-4 stimulates galectin-3 expression and release in parallel with other phenotypic markers of alternative macrophage activation. By contrast, classical macrophage activation with LPS inhibits galectin-3 expression and release. Galectin-3 binds to CD98, and exogenous galectin-3 or cross-linking CD98 with the mAb 4F2 stimulates PI3K activation and alternative activation. IL-4-induced alternative activation is blocked by bis-(3-deoxy-3-(3-methoxybenz-amido)- (cid:2) -D-galactopyranosyl) sulfane, a speciﬁc inhibitor of extracellular galectin-3 carbohydrate binding. These results demonstrate that a galectin-3 feedback loop drives alternative macrophage
Four Botanical Extracts are Toxic to the Hispine Beetle, Brontispa longissima, in Laboratory and Semi—field Trials

Abstract The potential of botanical extracts such as Celosia argenea L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), Ricinus communis L. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), Mikania micrantha Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth (Astrales: Asteraceae), and Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) for the control of Brontispa longissima Gestro was evaluated in a bioassay and semi—field trial. Dose—response bioassay showed no significant difference in oral—toxicity among the extracts of C. argenea, M. micrantha, and C. roseus to larvae and adult of B. longissima. All extracts tested decreased the hatchability of B. longissima eggs. In particular, the extract of M. micrantha showed higher activity than others at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. In an antifeedant bioassay, the extract of C. argenea showed higher activity against the 1st larvae than that of other extracts (AF50 0.03 mg/mL), and C. roseus showed higher antifeedant activity to the 2nd to 5th larvae and adult of B. longissima (AF50 0.34, 0.33, 0.11, 0.43, and 0.20 mg/mL, respectively). The semi—field trial indicated that all extracts used in this study might reduce the pest population. Extracts of C. argenea and M. micrantha showed higher activities than that of C. roseus and R communis, and the decrease in population was 75.56% and 80.00% (without Abbott's correction) after seven days of treatment, respectively, at a concentration of 20 mg/mL. Therefore, these active botanical extracts may possess potential for use in control of B. longissima.
Pretty Good BGP : Protecting BGP by Cautiously Selecting Routes Paper

The Internet’s interdomain routing protocol, BGP, is vulne rable to a number of damaging attacks primarily due to operator misconfiguration. Proposed solutions with strong guar antees require a public-key infrastructure, accurate rout ing registries, and changes to BGP. Until such a large proposal i s adopted, networks will remain vulnerable to false information injected into BGP. However, BGP routers could avoid selecting and propagating these routes if they were cautiou s about adopting new reachability information. We describe a protocol-preserving enhancement to BGP, Pretty Good BGP (PGBGP), that slows the dissemination of disruptive routes , providing network operators time to respond before the prob lem escalates into a large-scale Internet attack. Simulati on results show that realistic deployments of PGBGP could provide 99% of Autonomous Systems with 24 hours to investigate and repair misconfigured routes without affecting prefix reachability. We also show that without PGBGP, 40% of ASs cannot avoid selecting disruptive routes; with PGBGP, this number drops to less than 1%. Finally, we show that PGBGP is incrementally deployable and offers significant secu rity benefits to early adopters and their customers.
Thermal decomposition kinetics of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch briquettes

The study is aimed at investigating the thermal behavior and decomposition kinetics of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) briquettes using a thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and the Coats-Redfern model. The results revealed that thermal decomposition kinetics of OPEFB and torrefied OPEFB briquettes is significantly influenced by the severity of torrefaction temperature. Furthermore, the temperature profile characteristics; Tonset, Tpeak, and Tend increased consistently due to the thermal lag observed during TG analysis. In addition, the torrefied OPEFB briquettes were observed to possess superior thermal and kinetic properties over the untorrefied OPEFB briquettes. It can be inferred that torrefaction improves the fuel properties of pelletized OPEFB for potential utilization in bioenergy conversion systems.
Structure of a Bag/Hsc70 Complex: Convergent Functional Evolution of Hsp70 Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Bag (Bcl2-associated athanogene) domains occur in a class of cofactors of the eukaryotic chaperone 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (Hsp70) family. Binding of the Bag domain to the Hsp70 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) domain promotes adenosine 5′-triphosphate–dependent release of substrate from Hsp70 in vitro. In a 1.9 angstrom crystal structure of a complex with the ATPase of the 70-kilodalton heat shock cognate protein (Hsc70), the Bag domain forms a three-helix bundle, inducing a conformational switch in the ATPase that is incompatible with nucleotide binding. The same switch is observed in the bacterial Hsp70 homolog DnaK upon binding of the structurally unrelated nucleotide exchange factor GrpE. Thus, functional convergence has allowed proteins with different architectures to trigger a conserved conformational shift in Hsp70 that leads to nucleotide exchange.
Handbook of physical vapor deposition (PVD) processing : film formation, adhesion, surface preparation and contamination control

Introduction * Substrate ("Real") Surfaces and Surface Modification * The Low-Pressure Gas and Vacuum Processing Environment * The Low-Pressure Plasma Processing Environment * Vacuum Evaporation and Vacuum Deposition * Physical Sputtering and Sputter Deposition (Sputtering) * Arc Vapor Deposition * Ion Plating and Ion Beam Assisted Deposition * Atomistic Film Growth and Some Growth-Related Film Properties * Film Characterization and some Basic Film Properties * Adhesion and Deadhesion * Cleaning * External Processing Environment. Appendix 1: Reference Material. Appendix 2: Transfer of Technology for R&D to Manufacturing. Glossary of Terms and Acronyms used in Surface Engineering. Index.
Robust Routing and Scheduling in Wireless Mesh Networks under Dynamic Traffic Conditions

Joint routing-and-scheduling has been considered in wireless mesh networks for its significant performance improvement. While existing work assumes it, accurate traffic information is usually not available due to traffic dynamics, as well as inaccuracy and delay in its measurement and dissemination. In addition, the joint routing and scheduling usually requires a centralized controller to calculate the optimal routing and scheduling and distribute such policies to all the nodes. Thus, even if the accurate traffic information is always available, the central controller has to compute the routing and scheduling repeatedly because the traffic demands change continuously. This leads to prohibitive computation and distribution overhead. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a joint routing-scheduling scheme that achieves robust performance under traffic information uncertainty. In particular, it achieves worst-case optimal performance under a range of traffic conditions. This unique feature validates the use of centralized routing and scheduling in wireless mesh networks. As long as the traffic variation is within the estimation range, the routing and scheduling do not need to be recomputed and redistributed. Through extensive simulations, we show that our proposed scheme meets the objective (i.e., optimizes the worst-case performance). Moreover, although it only guarantees the worst-case performance in theory, its average performance is also good. For example, our proposed scheme can perform better than a fixed optimal routing and scheduling scheme in more than 80 percent of 500 random traffic instances. Our scheme provides insights on the desired properties of multipath routing, namely, spatial reuse and load balancing.
The Common Compensatory Pattern : Its Origin and Relationship to the Postural Model

The AAO Journal/19 ➻ Introduction J. Gordon Zink, DO1 was the originator of the term Common Compensatory Pattern (CCP). He used the term to describe commonly found patterns of dysfunction in the body (neuromyofascial-skeletal unit2 ) as a whole. Several other physicians3-6 before and since, have also described recurring patterns of dysfunction found in their patient populations. Dr. Zink, however, is considered to be “. the first to provide a written, understandable, and clinically useful explanation for treatment, with a method of diagnosing and manipulative methods of treating the fascial patterns of the body. ”7 Zink himself considered these concepts to be the basis of a respiratory and circulatory care model.2 As osteopathic clinicians we frequently find recurrent patterns of fascial bias, postural asymmetry, somatic dysfunction, and functional disturbances. We frequently see a clinically short right leg, a cephalad pubes dysfunction on the left, a posterior ilium on the left and an anterior ilium on the right. Patients regularly display a left-on-left sacral torsion with L-5, side bent left and rotated right as well. These are just a few of many commonly found somatic dysfunctions; the list is long. Radiographically, with our patients’ postural studies, we can find recurring patterns of postural asymmetry that includes the anatomic The Common Compensatory Pattern: Its Origin and Relationship to the Postural Model
Reinforcement Learning of a Simple Visual Task

Raw visual data must be interpreted in some fashion to result in spatial perception. Some models for this interpretation hypothesize visual routines as underlying mechanisms for distilling the properties of a scene. Visual routines must determine these properties quickly without higher–level information. We present an approach for learning an example of a visual routine using reinforcement. Rather than using all the visual information in the scene simultaneously, our approach uses a very simple fovea and concentrates on learning an effective policy for managing its movement to determine the visual property in question. To achieve this goal, we also discuss an extension to existing policy search methods that enable real–valued inputs rather than explicit state enumeration for improved generalization and policy storage requirements.
Semantic annotation method of IOT middleware

This paper puts forward a general middleware framework of the Internet of Things (IOT). This framework has distributed, loosely coupled, scalable features. To solve the problems of machine processing of messages of IOT, the concept of ontology is introduced. The proposed algorithm can quickly classification and annotation of user demand, web services and resources data. In addition, the algorithm has good scalability. It can be applied to different fields only what people need to replace the domain ontology.
Crystallization behavior and thermal property of biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite

Biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNTs) nanocomposite was prepared in this work by solution casting method at 2 wt% f-MWNTs loading. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observations indicate a homogeneous distribution of f-MWNTs in the PHB matrix. Nonisothermal melt crystallization, overall isothermal melt crystallization kinetics, and crystalline morphology of neat PHB and the PHB/f-MWNTs nanocomposite were studied in detail. It is found that the presence of f-MWNTs enhances the crystallization of PHB during nonisothermal and isothermal melt crystallization processes in the nanocomposite due to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of f-MWNTs. Moreover, the incorporation of a small quantity of f-MWNTs apparently improves the thermal stability of the PHB/f-MWNTs nanocomposite with respect to neat PHB. Two methods are employed to study the activation energies of thermal degradation for both the neat PHB and the PHB/f-MWNTs nanocomposite. The activation energy of thermal degradation of the PHB/f-MWNTs nanocomposite is higher than that of neat PHB. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A ug 2 00 5 Electric-Magnetic Duality , Matrices , & Emergent Spacetime

This is a rough transcript of talks given at the Workshop on Groups & Algebras in M We review the basic motivation for a pre-geometric formulation of nonperturbative String/M theory, and for an underlying eleven-dimensional electric-magnetic duality, based on our current understanding of the String/M Duality Web. We explain the concept of an emerging spacetime geometry in the large N limit of a U (N) flavor matrix Lagrangian, distinguishing our proposal from generic proposals for quantum geometry, and explaining why it can incorporate curved spacetime backgrounds. We assess the significance of the extended symmetry algebra of the matrix Lagrangian, raising the question of whether our goal should be a duality covariant, or merely duality invariant, Lagrangian. We explain the conjectured isomorphism between the O(1/N) corrections in any given large N scaling limit of the matrix Lagrangian, and the corresponding α ′ corrections in a string effective Lagrangian describing some weak-coupling limit of the String/M Duality Web.
Effect of Particle Shape on the Stereological Bias of the Degree of Liberation of Biphase Particle Systems

It is well known that in sectional measurements of polished ore samples, the degree of liberation is overestimated by stereological bias. The stereological bias is affected by particle shape, but the effect of particle shape on the stereological bias has not been studied systematically. In this study, particles of various shapes were modeled using a geodesic grid, and the internal structures of the particles were randomly designed. The stereological bias of liberation was assessed quantitatively by comparing the computed sectional information and the original three-dimensional information. The following results were obtained: 1) the effect of aspect ratio on the stereological bias is less than 12% when comparing cases with α ranging from 1.0 to 2.0; 2) the effect of particle surface roughness on the stereological bias is smaller than 7.6% when comparing cases with surface roughness (the quotient of the surface area of the volume equivalent ellipsoid and the surface area of a particle) ranging from 0.833 to 0.996. It was also con rmed that the previously proposed stereological correction method is applicable to irregularly shaped particles because the estimation error of the degree of liberation dramatically dropped from 56.4%–64.4% without any correction to 1.16%–3.41% using the proposed method. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M-M2016837]