Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protecting pipelined asynchronous communication channels against single event upsets

This paper proposes a new solution for building robust asynchronous communication links for globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) systems. A combination of delay-insensitive codes and error-correcting codes is used to provide both robustness against timing variations and against transient faults due to radiation effects or electromagnetic interference. The proposed solution is able to handle short erroneous signal transitions as well as soft-errors, where a faulty value is stored, e.g., in a memory element of a pipelined interconnect architecture. Transient pulses, which sooner or later vanish, can be easily detected and mitigated. In the presence of soft-errors, however, error correction gets significantly more complex since it can no longer be assumed that all expected signal transitions will eventually occur. An on-going transmission thus might never achieve full completeness. This needs to be carefully considered for the receiver design.
Overview of Topic-based Chinese Message Polarity Classification in SIGHAN 2015

This paper presents the overview of Topic-based Chinese Message Polarity Classification in SIGHAN 2015 bake-off. Topic-based message polarity classification plays an important role in sentiment analysis, information extraction, event tracking, and other related research areas. This task is designed to evaluate the techniques for Chinese message polarity classification towards a given topic. The task organizers manually constructed 25 topics together with 24,374 corresponding messages which were annotated to construct the training and testing datasets. The evaluation results achieved by the participators provide good suggestion for the future research.
Lapatinib in patients with metastatic breast cancer following initial treatment with trastuzumab: an economic analysis from the Brazilian public health care perspective

Objective: To evaluate, from the perspective of the Brazilian public health care system, the cost-effectiveness of lapatinib plus capecitabine (LAP/CAP) versus capecitabine alone (CAP) or trastuzumab plus capecitabine (TRAST/CAP) in the treatment of women with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab. Methods: An economic model was developed to compare costs and clinical outcomes over a 5-year time horizon. Both costs and outcomes were discounted at a 5% rate, in accordance with Brazilian pharmacoeconomic guidelines. Clinical inputs were determined using indirect treatment comparisons. Costs were derived from public reimbursement databases and reported in 2010 Brazilian real (R$1 = USD$0.52). Clinical outcomes included progression-free survival years (PFYs), life-years (LYs) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). The economic outcome was the incremental cost per LY, PFY, or QALY gained. The impact of variations in individual inputs (eg, drug cost, drug effectiveness) was examined using one-way sensitivity analyses. Overall model robustness was tested using probabilistic sensitivity analyses, varying the ranges of all input parameters within their standard distributions. Results: Expected cost per patient was R$41,195 for CAP, R$95,256 for LAP/CAP, and R$113,686 for TRAST/CAP. Respective LYs were 1.406, 1.695, and 1.465; PFYs were 0.473, 0.711, and 0.612; and QALYS were 0.769, 0.958, and 0.827. LAP/CAP dominated TRAST/CAP for all outcomes. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of LAP/CAP over CAP were R$186,563 for LYs, R$226,403 for PFYs, and R$284,864 for QALYs. Results remained unchanged in one-way sensitivity analyses. In probabilistic analyses, LAP/CAP was dominant over TRAST/ CAP in 93.5% of simulations. Conclusion: LAP/CAP increases survival for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive metastatic breast cancer. LAP/CAP is cost-effective against TRAST/CAP (ie, produces more benefits at a lower cost) and can be considered cost-effective over CAP at a willingness-to-pay of about R$290,000 (US$151,000) per QALY gained.
The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex functions in resection-based DNA end joining in Xenopus laevis

The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is essential to maintain genomic integrity. In higher eukaryotes, DNA DSBs are predominantly repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), but DNA ends can also be joined by an alternative error-prone mechanism termed microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ). In MMEJ, the repair of DNA breaks is mediated by annealing at regions of microhomology and is always associated with deletions at the break site. In budding yeast, the Mre11/Rad5/Xrs2 complex has been demonstrated to play a role in both classical NHEJ and MMEJ, but the involvement of the analogous MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex in end joining in higher eukaryotes is less certain. Here we demonstrate that in Xenopus laevis egg extracts, the MRN complex is not required for classical DNA-PK-dependent NHEJ. However, the XMRN complex is necessary for resection-based end joining of mismatched DNA ends. This XMRN-dependent end joining process is independent of the core NHEJ components Ku70 and DNA-PK, occurs with delayed kinetics relative to classical NHEJ and brings about repair at sites of microhomology. These data indicate a role for the X. laevis MRN complex in MMEJ.
Conformational dynamics control ubiquitin-deubiquitinase interactions and influence in vivo signaling

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein that interacts with a diverse set of partners to act as a cellular signaling hub. Ubiquitin’s conformational flexibility has been postulated to underlie its multifaceted recognition. Here we use computational and library-based means to interrogate core mutations that modulate the conformational dynamics of human ubiquitin. These ubiquitin variants exhibit increased affinity for the USP14 deubiquitinase, with concomitantly reduced affinity for other deubiquitinases. Strikingly, the kinetics of conformational motion are dramatically slowed in these variants without a detectable change in either the ground state fold or excited state population. These variants can be ligated into substrate-linked chains in vitro and in vivo but cannot solely support growth in eukaryotic cells. Proteomic analyses reveal nearly identical interaction profiles between WT ubiquitin and the variants but identify a small subset of altered interactions. Taken together, these results show that conformational dynamics are critical for ubiquitin–deubiquitinase interactions and imply that the fine tuning of motion has played a key role in the evolution of ubiquitin as a signaling hub.
The Generalized Regenerator Location Problem

In an optical network a signal can only travel a maximum distance dmax before its quality deteriorates to the point that it must be regenerated by installing regenerators at nodes of the network. As the cost of a regenerator is high, we wish to deploy as few regenerators as possible in the network, while ensuring all nodes can communicate with each other. In this paper we introduce the generalized regenerator location problem (GRLP) in which we are given a set S of nodes that corresponds to candidate locations for regenerators, and a set T of nodes that must communicate with each other. If S = T = N, we obtain the regenerator location problem (RLP), which we have studied previously and shown to be NP-complete. Our solution procedure to the RLP is based on its equivalence to the maximum leaf spanning tree problem (MLSTP). Unfortunately, this equivalence does not apply to the GRLP, nor do the procedures developed previously for the RLP. To solve the GRLP, we propose reduction procedures, two construction he.
Intermediate Filaments in Endometrial and Endocervical Carcinomas: The Diagnostic Utility of Vimentin Patterns

We examined the distribution of high- and low-molecular- weight cytokeratins, vimentin, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal endometrial glands and endocervical glands (20 cases each) and in endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinomas (29 cases and 15 cases respectively). Low- and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin staining was present in normal endometrial and endocervical epithelium and in carcinomas. Coexpression of vimentin and cytokeratin was universally present in normal proliferative endometrial glands, with marked decrease or absence of vimentin staining in secretory phase patterns. Vimentin staining had a perinuclear distribution within the cells, in contrast to the cytokeratins, which stained diffusely. Vimentin was found in only 65% of endometrial adenocarcinomas. Staining was typically focal as well as regional in portions of the tumors. Vimentin was never observed in normal or neoplastic endocervical epithelium. Ultrastructural studies corroborate the perinuclear vimentin immunostaining pattern we observed in endometrial adenocarcinomas. CEA staining results were similar to those previously reported. These data indicate that the presence of vimentin may readily distinguish endometrial from endocervical carcinoma and is diagnostically useful in the study of metastatic adenocarcinomas.
Development and Stem Cells Research Article Hedgehog and Egf Signaling Pathways Play Central and Interdependent Roles in Pancreas Development

INTRODUCTION Pancreas development involves the intricate and complex morphogenesis of dorsal and ventral buds on the primitive gut tube to form a highly branched pancreas organ containing multiple specialized cell types (Jorgensen et al. commitment, which is referred to as the primary transition, takes place by embryonic day (E) 8.5 in mouse. This is followed at ~E12.5 by a differentiation program referred to as the secondary transition. The extensive morphogenesis of the epithelium that results in the mature pancreas is regulated by diverse signaling networks and by the activation of pancreas-specific transcription factors that specify the timing and cell type of pancreas differentiation (Puri and Hebrok, 2010). The mesenchyme plays a crucial, albeit complex, role in the early steps of pancreas organogenesis by secreting diffusible factors to permit pancreas growth (Attali et al.
The Use of Interferon Gamma Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis

Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) are in vitro immunologic diagnostic tests used to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. They cannot differentiate between latent and active infections. The cutoff suggested by the manufacturer is 0.35 IU/mL for latent tuberculosis. As IGRA tests were recently approved for the differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the latest generation IGRA for detection of active tuberculosis in a low-incidence area in Germany. Our consecutive case series includes 61 HIV negative, Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture positive patients, as well as 234 control patients. The retrospective analysis was performed over a period of two years. In 11/61 patients with active tuberculosis (18.0%) the test result was <0.35 IU/mL, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.82. We recommend establishing a new cut-off value for the differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis assessed by prospective clinical studies and in various regions with high and low prevalence of tuberculosis.
Raloxifene for older women: a review of the literature

Raloxifene is a non-steroidal selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) which is used for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Raloxifene decreases the incidence of vertebral fractures by 30%–50% in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis but has not been shown to decrease the incidence of hip fractures or other non-vertebral fractures. At the present time, estrogen-replacement therapy and bisphosphonate treatment are the only medical treatments that are proven to prevent hip fractures with the exception of vitamin D and calcium replacement, which has been shown to prevent hip fractures in elderly individuals and nursing home residents. Raloxifene has been shown to have additive effects on bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) when used along with alendronate and teriparatide. Raloxifene could have a role in renal failure as it has been shown to increase BMD of the vertebra over 1 year of therapy. Raloxifene is as effective as tamoxifen in reducing the risk of invasive breast cancer. The increased incidence of venous thromboembolism is the main concern of raloxifene therapy and previous history of venous thromboembolism is a contraindication for use of raloxifene. Raloxifene has a role in treatment of vertebral osteoporosis in older women. The decision to use raloxifene should be based on evaluation of fracture risk and on potential other benefits than fracture reduction along with consideration of side effects.
Performance analysis of SAR super-resolution imaging based on CS theory

Compressed sensing (CS) theory can be applied to SAR imaging to achieve super-resolution images. To elaborate SAR imaging performance based on CS theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics of signal and discusses resolution from macroscopic and microcosmic aspects. And the factors which affect SAR super-resolution performance are discussed. On this basis, two important conclusions on the reconstruction performance are deduced, and they are verified through simulation and experiments.
Regulation of the SigH stress response regulon by an essential protein kinase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

SigH is a key regulator of an extensive transcriptional network that responds to oxidative, nitrosative, and heat stresses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and this sigma factor is required for virulence in animal models of infection. SigH is negatively regulated by RshA, its cognate anti-sigma factor, which functions as a stress sensor and redox switch. While RshA provides a direct mechanism for sensing stress and activating transcription, bacteria use several types of signal transduction systems to sense the external environment. M. tuberculosis encodes several serine-threonine protein kinase signaling molecules, 2 of which, PknA and PknB, are essential and have been shown to regulate cell morphology and cell wall synthesis. In this work, we demonstrate that SigH and RshA are phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by PknB. We show that phosphorylation of RshA, but not SigH, interferes with the interaction of these 2 proteins in vitro. Consistent with this finding, negative regulation of SigH activity by RshA in vivo is partially relieved in strains in which pknB is over-expressed, resulting in increased resistance to oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate an interaction between the signaling pathways mediated by PknB and the stress response regulon controlled by SigH. The intersection of these apparently discrete regulatory systems provides a mechanism by which limited activation of the SigH-dependent stress response in M. tuberculosis can be achieved. Coordination of the PknB and SigH regulatory pathways through phosphorylation of RshA may lead to adaptive responses that are important in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis infection.
Hole Defects on Two-Dimensional Materials Formed by Electron Beam Irradiation: Toward Nanopore Devices

Defects on two-dimensional (2D) materials were often considered as hindrance despite of potential controllability in electromagnetic and mechanical property of the materials (Lahiri et al., 2010; Yazyev & Louie, 2010; Attaccalite et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2013a). For example, the actual performance of graphene devices failed to satisfy the expectations due to the inherent defect in them (Li et al., 2009). Although many efforts to remove the defects in 2D materials (Chen et al., 2013; Lam et al., 2014) have been performed, it has turned out to be only partial healing of the defects. Accordingly, people started to use these inevitable defects to many applications using the fact that defects can manipulate the electrical and magnetic properties of 2D materials. Among various types of defects, the hole defects that are made from ejection of atoms from the sheet were extensively studied for many applications as atomically thin nanopores. In the case of graphene, many studies addressed possibility of hole defects as DNA sequencing (Garaj et al., 2010; Merchant et al., 2010; Schneider et al., 2010; Garaj et al., 2013), gas sensing (Dan et al., 2009), ion and molecules sieve (Sint et al., 2008; Koenig et al., 2012) and many other applications (Liu et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2013). Several comparable studies also have been done with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) (Liu et al., 2013a) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) (Farimani et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2014; Waduge et al., 2015). These studies focus on performance tests at the hole defects without the information of edge configuration and chemical stability which may affect to the performance significantly. This paper summarizes the ways to produce holes by electron beam irradiation, control the size and shape and stabilize it for the representative 2D materials including graphene, hBN, and MoS2. Although these three have hexagonal lattices, graphene pISSN 2287-5123·eISSN 2287-4445 http://dx.doi. org/10.9729/AM.2015. 45.3. 107
Capacity of Interference Channels With Partial Transmitter Cooperation

Capacity regions are established for several two-sender, two-receiver channels with partial transmitter cooperation. First, the capacity regions are determined for compound multiple-access channels (MACs) with common information and compound MACs with conferencing. Next, two interference channel models are considered: an interference channel with common information (ICCI) and an interference channel with unidirectional cooperation (ICUC) in which the message sent by one of the encoders is known to the other encoder. The capacity regions of both of these channels are determined when there is strong interference, i.e., the interference is such that both receivers can decode all messages with no rate penalty. The resulting capacity regions coincide with the capacity region of the compound MAC with common information.
Postoperative Pain After Laser Refractive Surgery

Over the last century, many surgical options for the treatment of myopia, astigmatism, and hyperopia were developed. However, the introduction of the excimer laser for reshaping the corneal stroma yielded the innovative era of laser corneal surgery increasing the efficacy and safety of the procedures. Laser can be delivered on the corneal stromal surface in the photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedure or deeper in the corneal stroma by the means of a lamellar surgery in the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure. Later, a modification of PRK, laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), was introduced. In this procedure, an epithelial flap is created and replaced after the ablation. In addition, an alternative technique for epithelial separation using an epikeratome was described, this procedure is known as epi-LASIK. Postoperative pain and discomfort is one of the most important complaints of refractive surgery. Although it is more frequent after PRK, it also occurs after the latter procedures. Symptoms include foreign body sensation, light sensitivity, tearing, irritation, itching, and burning, peaking about 24 hours after surgery and typically decreasing within 72 hours after surgery, when reepithelialization is complete. Furthermore, the presence of a chronic dry eye syndrome is well recognized. Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved. Majority of them are related to impaired tear production, distribution, and stability like impaired blink reflex, altered corneal sensation, transection of sensory nerves, neurogenic inflammation, disruption of trophic sensory support to the denervated region, increased evaporative loss, lacrimal gland hyposecretion, and conjunctival goblet cell loss. As there is a higher incidence of this syndrome after LASIK surgery,
Calculation, visualization, and manipulation of MASTs (maximum agreement subtrees)

Phylogenetic trees are used to represent the evolutionary history of a set of species. Comparison of multiple phylogenetic trees can help researchers find the common classification of a tree group, compare tree construction inferences or obtain distances between trees. We present TreeAnalyzer, a freely available package for phylogenetic tree comparison. A MAST (maximum agreement subtree) algorithm is implemented to compare the trees. Additional features of this software include tree comparison, visualization, manipulation, labeling, and printing.
Effect of pharmacists on medication errors in an emergency department.

PURPOSE The frequency of medication errors in an emergency department (ED) before and after an ED pharmacist was assigned to check medication orders was studied. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted for any patient admitted to the ED of a large rural hospital between November 6, 2005, and December 6, 2005 (control group), or between November 6, 2006, and December 6, 2006 (intervention group). For the control group, no pharmacist was present in the ED to check drug orders; for the intervention group, a pharmacist was present. Potential errors in medication orders were identified and validated. RESULTS A total of 490 medication orders written for 198 patients were evaluated for errors. The control group (n = 94) and the intervention group (n = 104) did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, race, or number of medication orders. A total of 37 and 14 medication errors were identified for the control and intervention groups, respectively. The rate of errors was 16.09 per 100 medication orders for the control group compared with 5.38 per 100 orders for the intervention group, a 66.6% difference (p = 0.0001). The ED pharmacists made 183 recommendations, of which 98.6% were accepted. CONCLUSION The rate of medication errors in the ED decreased significantly when pharmacists prospectively reviewed ED medication orders.
Audio-visual speech synchronization detection using a bimodal linear prediction model

In this work, we study the problem of detecting audio-visual (AV) synchronization in video segments containing a speaker in frontal head pose. The problem holds important applications in biometrics, for example spoofing detection, and it constitutes an important step in AV segmentation necessary for deriving AV fingerprints in multimodal speaker recognition. To attack the problem, we propose a time-evolution model for AV features and derive an analytical approach to capture the notion of synchronization between them. We report results on an appropriate AV database, using two types of visual features extracted from the speaker's facial area: geometric ones and features based on the discrete cosine image transform. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides substantially better AV synchrony detection over a baseline method that employs mutual information, with the geometric visual features outperforming the image transform ones.
Stochastic optimization based on the Laplace transform order with applications to precoder designs

Stochastic optimization arising from precoding in a multi-antenna fading channel with channel mean feedback to maximize data rates is important but challenging. The use of relaying further complicates the situation, as it may induce a nonconvex structure in the objective function, thereby excluding the use of existing approaches which require convexity or concavity. To deal with challenges as such, this paper presents a new framework for solving a class of stochastic optimization problems. The analysis here involves the comparison of two nonnegative random variables in the Laplace transform order. Our framework is particularized to optimal precoding for maximum ergodic or effective capacity in multi-antenna channels with or without relaying assuming channel mean feedback, where the objectives may or may not have convexity or concavity. The application to stochastic power allocation is also discussed.