Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Room temperature growth of mesoporous silica fibers: A new high‐surface‐area optical waveguide

The selective processing of mesoporous materials['] into a macroscale form that can be used for catalytic,[*] chemical sensing, or separation applications is a necessary requirement for their commercial use and development as advanced materials in future microelectronic, integrated optic, and biocatalysis applications. [31 We have recently demonstrated that oil-in-water emulsion chemistry, coupled with the use of hydrodynamics and shear flow, can be used in one-step processing to selectively create mesoporous hard spheres,[41 mesoporous hollow spheres with diameters up to several hundred micrometers, mesoporous curved-surface monoliths, with slow stirring, intertwined rope-like morphologies
Batrachotoxin, Pyrethroids, and BTG 502 Share Overlapping Binding Sites on Insect Sodium Channels

Batrachotoxin (BTX), a steroidal alkaloid, and pyrethroid insecticides bind to distinct but allosterically coupled receptor sites on voltage-gated sodium channels and cause persistent channel activation. BTX presumably binds in the inner pore, whereas pyrethroids are predicted to bind at the lipid-exposed cavity formed by the short intracellular linker-helix IIS4-S5 and transmembrane helices IIS5 and IIIS6. The alkylamide insecticide (2E,4E)-N-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)-6-(5-bromo-2-naphthalenyl)-2,4-hexadienamide (BTG 502) reduces sodium currents and antagonizes the action of BTX on cockroach sodium channels, suggesting that it also binds inside the pore. However, a pyrethroid-sensing residue, Phe3i17 in IIIS6, which does not face the pore, is essential for the activity of BTG 502 but not for BTX. In this study, we found that three additional deltamethrin-sensing residues in IIIS6, Ile3i12, Gly3i14, and Phe3i16 (the latter two are also BTX-sensing), and three BTX-sensing residues, Ser3i15 and Leu3i19 in IIIS6 and Phe4i15 in IVS6, are all critical for BTG 502 action on cockroach sodium channels. Using these data as constraints, we constructed a BTG 502 binding model in which BTG 502 wraps around IIIS6, probably making direct contacts with all of the above residues on the opposite faces of the IIIS6 helix, except for the putative gating hinge Gly3i14. BTG 502 and its inactive analog DAP 1855 antagonize the action of deltamethrin. The antagonism was eliminated by mutations of Ser3i15, Phe3i17, Leu3i19, and Phe4i15 but not by mutations of Ile3i12, Gly3i14, and Phe3i16. Our analysis revealed a unique mode of action of BTG 502, its receptor site overlapping with those of both BTX and deltamethrin.
A Markovian-based Approach for Daily Living Activities Recognition

Recognizing activities of daily living plays an important role in healthcare. It is necessary to use an adapted model to simulate the human behavior in a domestic space to monitor the patient harmonically and to intervene in the necessary time. In this paper we tackle this problem using the hierarchical hidden Markov model for representing and recognizing complex indoor activities, we propose a new grammar âHome By Room Activities languageâ to facilitate the complexity of human scenarios and hold us account to the abnormal activities.
Characterization of Plasma Sprayed Yittria Stabilized Zirconia (8 wt %) Hydroxyapatite Coatings

Splitting problems at HA-coated implants are generally due to biological reasons. Bond-coatings were used to prevent the splitting problem of zirconia ceramics; this method can be widely seen in industrial applications. Two main groups were used; the first group consisted of spraying a bond layer of titania onto commercially pure titanium. This followed by a spray of HA with 5, 10 and 15 % zirconia (8 % yttria doped) as main layer onto the first bond-coating. For the second group, the samples were coated without bond-coating. Firstly, X-ray diffraction patterns of the starting powders were taken. Then x-ray diffraction patterns of the plasma sprayed samples were taken. In literature, it was seen that 20 % zirconia was sufficient for the transformation into a monoclinic structure for the bond-coated samples. For this study it was found that 10 % zirconia was sufficient to transform to the same structure of the desired crystalline phase transformation. The coating kept its crystal structure and relatively small amount of amorphous transformation was detected. A similar structure was produced using less zirconia. It was thought that the use of titanium-oxide bond-coating layer would play an important role as a third variable in the results. To further investigate these phenomena, more detailed researches must be conducted with using titanium-oxide yittria stabilized zirconia (8 wt %) hydroxyapatite bond-coatings with HA main coatings.
In-vitro evaluation of bioadhesive and release properties of thiamine hydrochloride formulation from Gelatin, Gellan as their admixtures

This study was aimed at determining the effect of gelatin on the bioadhesive strength and release properties of gelatin gum. Bioadhesive strength determination was carried out using tensiometric methods. Thiamine tablets was prepared by wet granulation method and used for the study. Tablets properties evaluated include: weight uniformity, friability, disintegration time test and release studies in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and simulated gastric fluid (SGF). The study showed that the gelatin alone had the highest bioadhesive strength, while gellan had the least. Admixture of both gelatin and gellan showed values that were intermediate to those obtained for the two polymers differently. The release study showed a better release with batch A (1:1) highest in SIF, followed by F (0:1), and the reverse was the case in SGF.
Male pronucleus formation after ICSI: effect of oocyte cysteine or sperm Triton X-100 treatments

In pigs, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) efficiency is still poor. The inadequate deconden - sation of the sperm chromatin, its transformation into the male pronucleus (MPN) together with the subsequent inability to activate the oocyte, seem to be the main causes of the low ICSI efficiency. In order to improve the MPN formation we took two different approaches. On the one hand, the in vitro culture (IVC) medium post- ICSI was supplemented with 1.71mM cysteine (CYS). Alternatively, the sperm membrane was digested with Triton X-100 (TX) before ICSI, to improve the exposure of the sperm chromatin to the oocyte cytoplasm. After 6 h post-ICSI, the activation rate was significantly higher in TX group (70.0%) compared with CYS and control groups (42.2% and 48.9%, respectively; P < 0.05). However, no significant differences between the three groups were observed in terms of the number of pronuclei, 2PN (oocytes with 2 pronuclei and no visible sperm), and 1PN + sperm (oocytes with 1 pronucleus and one sperm head). At 22 h post-ICSI, the activation rates were similar in TX, CYS, and control groups (73.1, 78.9, and 75.7%, respectively). In addition, we did not observe significant differences between TX, CYS, and control groups for the number of pronuclei, 2PN (52.6, 56.7, and 50%, respectively) or 1PN + sperm (21.1, 33.3, and 32.1%, respectively). While no cleavage was observed in the CYS group, no significant differences in the cleavage rate were observed between control (21.3%) and TX (10.5%) groups. In summary, and under our conditions, neither CYS supplement, nor sperm TX pre-treatment were able to improve MPN formation at 6 and 22 h post-ICSI. However, the sperm TX pre-treatment improved oocyte activation at 6 h post-ICSI, although 22 h post-ICSI such a beneficial effect did not persist.
A Combined Association Mapping and Linkage Analysis of Kernel Number Per Spike in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Kernel number per spike (KNPS) in wheat is a key factor that limits yield improvement. In this study, we genotyped a set of 264 cultivars, and a RIL population derived from the cross Yangmai 13/C615 using the 90 K wheat iSelect SNP array. We detected 62 significantly associated signals for KNPS at 47 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci through genome-wide association analysis of data obtained from multiple environments. These loci were on 19 chromosomes, and the phenotypic variation attributable to each one ranged from 1.53 to 39.52%. Twelve (25.53%) of the loci were also significantly associated with KNPS in the RIL population grown in multiple environments. For example, BS00022896_51-2ATT, BobWhite_c10539_201-2DAA, Excalibur_c73633_120-3BGG, and Kukri_c35508_426-7DTT were significantly associated with KNPS in all environments. Our findings demonstrate the effective integration of association mapping and linkage analysis for KNPS, and underpin KNPS as a target trait for marker-assisted selection and genetic fine mapping.
Tracking toxicants.

How duplicate genes provide genetic robustness remains an unresolved question. We have examined the duplicated histone deacetylases Sir2p and Hst1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and find that these paralogs with non-overlapping functions can provide genetic robustness against null mutations through a substitution mechanism. Hst1p is an NADþdependent histone deacetylase that acts with Sum1p to repress a subset of midsporulation genes. However, hst1D mutants show much weaker derepression of target loci than sum1D mutants. We show that this modest derepression of target loci in hst1D strains occurs in part because Sir2p substitutes for Hst1p. Sir2p contributes to repression of the midsporulation genes only in the absence of Hst1p and is recruited to target promoters by a physical interaction with the Sum1 complex. Furthermore, when Sir2p associates with the Sum1 complex, the complex continues to repress in a promoter-specific manner and does not spread. Our results imply that after the duplication, SIR2 and HST1 subfunctionalized. The single SIR2/HST1 gene from Kluyveromyces lactis, a closely related species that diverged prior to the duplication, can suppress an hst1D mutation in S. cerevisiae as well as interact with Sir4p in S. cerevisiae. In addition, the existence of two distinct protein interaction domains for the Sir and Sum1 complexes was revealed through the analysis of a chimeric Sir2–Hst1 molecule. Therefore, the ability of Sir2p to substitute for Hst1p probably results from a retained but reduced affinity for the Sum1 complex that is a consequence of subfunctionalization via the duplication, degeneration, and complementation mechanism. These results suggest that the evolutionary path of duplicate gene preservation may be an important indicator for the ability of duplicated genes to contribute to genetic robustness.
Heart Disease

6. Tumours in young women. Irradiation to do any permanentgood must be given in doses of 800 to 1,000 milligramme-hours, which invariably producesa bloodlesscastration. 7. In profound anremia which is often due to degenerationof fibroids, radiation is not usually safeandif radiationis practisedon fibroids without degenerationin a very ansemicsubject,the resistance is diminished and there is a possibility of necrosis or infection of the growth. 8. Radiation is to be avoided if stenosisof the cervix exists, for fear of pyometraor hrematometra, and if radium is used,it must be placedwell above the 08 itnterwwmfor the samereason.
Flexible SOA Lifecycle on the Cloud Using SCA

We present an integrated approach to design, monitor and manage the lifecycle of applications based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles and capable of taking advantage of cloud computing environments. The integrated framework takes profit of publicly available open source tools and standards in an effective and coherent way, and covers the steps from business and architectural design of the application, to deployment and runtime support. We exemplify our approach with a walkthrough in a simple yet illustrative scenario.
Mathematical Modeling of Renal Function Transport efficiency and workload distribution in a mathematical model of the thick ascending limb

Nieves-González A, Clausen C, Layton AT, Layton HE, Moore LC. Transport efficiency and workload distribution in a mathematical model of the thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304: F653–F664, 2013. First published October 24, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00101. 2012. —The thick ascending limb (TAL) is a major NaCl reabsorbing site in the nephron. Efficient reabsorption along that segment is thought to be a consequence of the establishment of a strong transepithelial potential that drives paracellular Na uptake. We used a multicell mathematical model of the TAL to estimate the efficiency of Na transport along the TAL and to examine factors that determine transport efficiency, given the condition that TAL outflow must be adequately dilute. The TAL model consists of a series of epithelial cell models that represent all major solutes and transport pathways. Model equations describe luminal flows, based on mass conservation and electroneutrality constraints. Empirical descriptions of cell volume regulation (CVR) and pH control were implemented, together with the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system. Transport efficiency was calculated as the ratio of total net Na transport (i.e., paracellular and transcellular transport) to transcellular Na transport. Model predictions suggest that 1) the transepithelial Na concentration gradient is a major determinant of transport efficiency; 2) CVR in individual cells influences the distribution of net Na transport along the TAL; 3) CVR responses in conjunction with TGF maintain luminal Na concentration well above static head levels in the cortical TAL, thereby preventing large decreases in transport efficiency; and 4) under the condition that the distribution of Na transport along the TAL is quasi-uniform, the tubular fluid axial Cl concentration gradient near the macula densa is sufficiently steep to yield a TGF gain consistent with experimental data.
An Integrated Model of Semantic and Conceptual Interpretation from Dependency Structures

We propose a two-layered model for computing semantic and conceptual interpretations from dependency structures. Abstract interpretation schemata generate semantic interpretations of 'minimal' dependency subgraphs, while production rules whose specification is rooted in ontological categories derive a canonical conceptual interpretation from semantic interpretation structures. Configurational descriptions of dependency graphs increase the linguistic generality of interpretation schemata, while interfacing schemata and productions to lexical and conceptual class hierarchies reduces the amount and complexity of semantic specifications.
How leaf domatia and induced plant resistance affect herbivores, natural enemies and plant performance

Predators and plant resistance may act together to control herbivorous arthropod populations or antagonistically, which would reduce the control of pest populations. In a field experiment we enhanced predation by adding simulated leaf domatia to plants. Leaf domatia are small structures that often harbor predaceous arthropods that are potentially beneficial to the plant. We also manipulated host plant quality by inducing resistance with controlled, early season exposure of seedlings to spider mite herbivory. Our manipulations had profound consequences for the natural community of arthropods that inhabited the plants. Leaf domatia had a direct positive effect on abundances of two species of bugs and one species of thrips, all of which are largely predators of herbivores. On leaves with domatia, each of the predators was found inside the domatia two to three times more often than outside the domatia. Eggs of predaceous bugs inside leaf domatia were protected from parasitism compared to eggs outside the domatia. The positive effects of leaf domatia on predator abundances were associated with reduced populations of herbivorous spider mites, aphids, and whiteflies. Plants with experimental leaf domatia showed significantly enhanced reproductive performance. Induced resistance also affected the community of arthropods. Of the abundant predators, all of which also fed on the plant, only minute pirate bugs were negatively affected by induced resistance. Populations of herbivorous spider mites and whiteflies were directly and negatively affected by induction. In contrast, aphid populations were higher on plants with induced resistance compared to uninduced plants. Effects of induced resistance and domatia were additive for each of the predators and for aphids. However, spider mite and whitefly populations were not suppressed further by employing both induced resistance and domatia compared to each strategy alone. Our manipulations suggest that plant defense strategies can have positive effects on some species and negative effects on others. Negative effects of ‘‘resistance traits’’ on predators and positive effects on some herbivores may reduce the benefits of constitutive expression of resistance traits and may favor inducible defense strategies. Multiple plant strategies such as inducible resistance and morphological traits that aid in the recruitment of predators of herbivores may act together to maximize plant defenses, although they may also be redundant and not act additively.
CAC-MAC: A Cross-Layer Adaptive Cooperative MAC for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Cooperative communication has been recently proposed as a way to mitigate fading in wireless networks. A cross-layer adaptive cooperative MAC (CAC-MAC) protocol for IEEE 802.11 DCF-based wireless ad hoc networks is proposed. The novel aspect and core idea of our proposal is a cross-layer adaptive data transmission algorithm considering both the length of data frame at the MAC layer and instantaneous wireless channel conditions. Under this algorithm, direct transmission mode or proper cooperative transmission mode will be adaptively selected for data packets according to both MAC layer and physical layer information. Analytical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive data transmission algorithm. Simulation studies based on NS2 show that the CAC-MAC protocol can significantly improve network throughput and reduce packet delay compared with legacy IEEE 802.11 protocol, which illustrate a new paradigm for realistic cross-layer cooperative MAC protocol design for next-generation wireless ad hoc networks.
Degree-Doubling Graph Families

Let ${\cal G}$ be a family of $n$-vertex graphs of uniform degree 2 with the property that the union of any two member graphs has maximum degree 4. We determine the leading term in the asymptotics of the largest cardinality of such a family. Several analogous problems are discussed.
Layout decomposition for double patterning lithography

In double patterning lithography (DPL) layout decomposition for 45 nm and below process nodes, two features must be assigned opposite colors (corresponding to different exposures) if their spacing is less than the minimum coloring spacing [11, 9, 5]. However, there exist pattern configurations for which pattern features separated by less than the minimum color spacing cannot be assigned different colors. In such cases, DPL requires that a layout feature be split into two parts. We address this problem using a layout decomposition algorithm that includes graph construction, conflict cycle detection, and node splitting processes. We evaluate our technique on both real-world and artificially generated test cases in 45 nm technology. Experimental results show that our proposed layout decomposition method effectively decomposes given layouts to satisfy the key goals of minimized line-ends and maximized overlap margin. There are no design rule violations in the final decomposed layout.
Investigation of processing‐structure‐properties relationships in polyethylene blown films

Molecular orientation imparted during film fabrication is known to have a major effect on mechanical and thermal properties of both glassy and semicrystalline polymers. A three-variable Box-Behnken designed experiment was used to study the effects of die gap, die land length, and blowup ratio (BUR) on key linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) blown film properties at constant final film thickness. In addition, differences in molecular orientation in the films were studied using optical birefringence and shrinkage methods. Measured key film properties were correlated to processing conditions and to measured molecular orientation. Die land length had no significant effect on film structure and properties. All LLDPE films exhibited about 70 to 80% shrinkage in the machine direction (MD) but expanded in the cross direction (CD). Most films exhibited negative in-plane birefringence. MD Elmendorf tear was found to be inversely related to drawdown ratio and MD shrinkage, suggesting that MD tear is dependent primarily on amorphous chain extension and hence, amorphous segments orientation for LLDPE blown films. Dart impact strength of the films was shown to be related to MD shrinkage and to the induced surface roughness due to varying die gap. In a separate study, blown films of three high pressure LDPEs were fabricated under nearly identical conditions. No correlation was found between birefringence and shrinkage data on the LDPE blown films.
Heterotrophic Nitrification in an Acid Forest Soil and by an Acid-Tolerant Fungus

Nitrate was formed from ammonium at pH 3.2 to 6.1 in suspensions of a naturally acid forest soil; the maximum rates of formation occurred at ca. pH 4 to 5. Nitrate was also formed from soil nitrogen in suspensions incubated at 50°C. Autotrophic nitrifying bacteria could not be isolated from this soil. Enrichment cultures produced nitrate in a medium with β-alanine if much soil was added to the medium, and nitrite but not nitrate was formed in the presence of small amounts of soil. Nitrification by these enrichments was abolished by eucaryotic but not procaryotic inhibitors. A strain of Absidia cylindrospora isolated from this soil was found to produce nitrate and nitrite in a medium with β-alanine at pH values ranging from 4.0 to 4.8. Nitrate production by A. cylindrospora required the presence of sterile soil. Free and bound hydroxylamine, hydroxamic acids, and primary aliphatic nitro compounds did not accumulate during the conversion of β-alanine to nitrite by the fungus. The organism also formed nitrite from ammonium in a medium containing acetate. We suggest that nitrification in this soil is a heterotrophic process catalyzed by acid-tolerant fungi and not by autotrophs or heterotrophs in nonacid microsites.