Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Local flow topologies and scalar structures in a turbulent premixed flame

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation of a propagating turbulent premixed flame is performed using one-step Arrhenius model chemistry. The interaction of the flame thermochemical processes with the local geometries of the scalar field and flow topologies is studied. Four regions (“fresh reactants,” “preheating,” “burning,” and “hot products”), characterized by their reaction rate and mass fraction values, are examined. Thermochemical processes in the “preheating” and “burning” regions smooth out highly contorted iso-scalar surfaces, present in the “fresh reactants,” and annihilate large curvatures. Positive volumetric dilatation rates, −P = ∇ · u, display maxima for elliptic concave and minima for convex scalar micro-structures. Constant average tangential strain rates, aT, with large fluctuations, occur throughout the flow domain, whereas normal strain rates, aN, follow the trends of volumetric dilatation rates. Focal topologies, present in the “fresh reactants,” tend to disappear in favor of n.
Sagnac Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Sinusoidal Modulation and Empirical Mode Decomposition

A direct current (DC) Sagnac magnetic field sensor is a kind of fiber sensor based on alternate current magnetic field (ACMF) demodulation and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to detect the magnetic field by measuring the phase variety caused by direct current magnetic field (DCMF). Commonly, Sagnac DCMF sensors can improve the magnetic detection sensitivity by using high Verdet constant (HVC) medium, which is expensive to prepare, or optical resonant cavity. However, the polarization diffraction in cavity restricts the performance of these devices. Meanwhile, none of them can suppress the electrical noise of the system such as 1/f noise. In this paper, we use ACMF modulation to couple the phase containing the DCMF information into the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component of the interference signal. Then we demodulate the signal by EMD to extract the fundamental frequency component. The designed sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 4.651 mV/µT with an accuracy of 1.649 nT in the magnetic field range of 0-40 mT. It has the advantages of high stability, anti-electromagnetic interference and miniaturization.
Comparison between Two Time Synchronization and Data Alignment Methods for Multi-Channel Wearable Biosensor Systems Using BLE Protocol

Wireless wearable sensor systems for biomedical signal acquisition have developed rapidly in recent years. Multiple sensors are often deployed for monitoring common bioelectric signals, such as EEG (electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram), and EMG (electromyogram). Compared with ZigBee and low-power Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) can be a more suitable wireless protocol for such systems. However, current time synchronization methods for BLE multi-channel systems, via either BLE beacon transmissions or additional hardware, cannot satisfy the requirements of high throughput with low latency, transferability between commercial devices, and low energy consumption. We developed a time synchronization and simple data alignment (SDA) algorithm, which was implemented in the BLE application layer without the need for additional hardware. We further developed a linear interpolation data alignment (LIDA) algorithm to improve upon SDA. We tested our algorithms using sinusoidal input signals at different frequencies (10 to 210 Hz in increments of 20 Hz—frequencies spanning much of the relevant range of EEG, ECG, and EMG signals) on Texas Instruments (TI) CC26XX family devices, with two peripheral nodes communicating with one central node. The analysis was performed offline. The lowest average (±standard deviation) absolute time alignment error between the two peripheral nodes achieved by the SDA algorithm was 384.3 ± 386.5 μs, while that of the LIDA algorithm was 189.9 ± 204.7 μs. For all sinusoidal frequencies tested, the performance of LIDA was always statistically better than that of SDA. These average alignment errors were quite low—well below one sample period for commonly acquired bioelectric signals.
Effects of synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric and lipid profile parameters: Finding from an umbrella meta-analysis

Introduction Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been carried out to assess the impact of synbiotics on lipid profiles and anthropometric parameters. In this regard, an umbrella meta-analysis was performed to provide a more accurate view of the overall impacts of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for this study from inception to January 2022. A random-effects model was applied to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. The methodological quality of eligible articles was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 questionnaire. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the overall certainty of the evidence in the meta-analyses. Results Meta-analyses of 17 studies revealed significant decreases in body mass index (BMI) (ES: −0.13 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.19, −0.06, p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.870), BW (ES: −1.30 kg; 95% CI: −2.19, −0.41, p = 0.004, I2 = 88.9%, p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (ES: −1.80 cm; 95% CI: −3.26, −0.34, p = 0.016, I2 = 94.1%, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (ES: −2.81 mg/dl; 95% CI: −3.90, −1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 95.1%, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES = −2.24 mg/dl; 95% CI: −3.18, −1.30, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.5%, p < 0.001), and triglyceride (TG) (ES: −0.43 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.07, p = 0.019, I2 = 78.0%, p < 0.001) but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ES: 0.23 mg/dl; 95% CI: −0.11, 0.56, p = 0.193, I2 = 45.2%, p = 0.051) following synbiotic supplementation. Discussion The present umbrella meta-analysis suggests synbiotic supplementation can slightly improve lipid profile and anthropometric indices and might be a therapeutic option for obesity and its related disorders. Systematic review registration www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022304376.
Tri-Gate Normally-Off AlN/GaN HEMTs With 2.36 W/mm of Power Density and 67.5% Power-Added-Efficiency at Vd = 12 V

In this letter, we present high-performance tri-gate normally-off HEMTs RF power devices using MOCVD-grown thin barrier SiN/AlN/GaN heterostructures. The normally-off devices exhibit alloyed Ohmic contact resistance of about <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.35 \Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mm, low threshold-voltage of 0.2 V, very high output current of 1.61 A/mm, and high peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 67.5% with drain voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${(}{V}_{\text {d}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 12 V and frequency at 3.6 GHz. Owing to the high breakdown voltage of 159 V when gate bias at −4 V, the normally-off device shows a maximum output power of 5.96 W/mm at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {d}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> = 28 V with a peak PAE of over 50% and gain of over 20 dB. The SiN/AlN/GaN epi-structures and tri-gate normally-off HEMTs demonstrated in this work show promising potential for both low-voltage and high-voltage applications.
Nonlinear Principal Predictor Analysis: Application to the Lorenz System

Abstract Principal predictor analysis is a multivariate linear technique that fits between regression and canonical correlation analysis in terms of the complexity of its architecture. This study introduces a new neural network approach for performing nonlinear principal predictor analysis (NLPPA). NLPPA is applied to the Lorenz system of equations and is compared with nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA) and linear multivariate models. Results suggest that NLPPA is capable of performing better than NLCCA when datasets are corrupted with noise. Also, NLPPA modes may be extracted in less time than NLCCA modes. NLPPA is recommended for prediction problems where a clear set of predictors and a clear set of predictands can be easily defined.
Electron scattering from the fine structure levels within the 1s22s22p2 3Pe ground state of C I

The authors have calculated cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering from the fine structure levels within the 1s22s22p2 3Pe ground state of C I using the R-matrix method. They include the states 1s22s22p2 3Pe, 1De, 1Se in the expansion of the total wavefunction, plus 3So, 3Po and 3Do polarisation pseudostates to allow for the ground state polarisability. The fine structure energy splittings are included explicitly. The authors present collision strengths for the inelastic transitions, averaged over a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution, for electron temperatures from 7.5 to 10000 K.
Influence of letter shape on readers’ emotional experience, reading fluency, and text comprehension and memorisation

Introduction The amount of educational material delivered to pupils and students through digital screens is increasing. This method of delivering educational materials has become even more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. To be as effective as possible, educational material must be properly designed not only in terms of content, but also in terms of form, e.g., the typeface. The present study investigated the effect of letter shape on readers’ feelings of pleasantness during reading, reading fluency, and text comprehension and memorisation. Methods To find out whether age influences the effects of typeface shape on reading measures, we divided the participants into a group of less experienced readers (children) and more experienced readers (adults). Both groups read texts in eight different typefaces: four of them were round or in rounded shape, and four were angular or in pointed shape. With an eye-tracker, the reading speed and the number of regressive saccades were recorded as measures of reading fluency and changes in pupil size as an indicator of emotional response. After reading each text, the participants rated the pleasantness of the typeface, and their comprehension and memorisation of texts were checked by asking two questions about the text content. Results We found that compared to angular letters or letters in pointed shape, round letters or letters in round shape created more pleasant feelings for readers and lead to a faster reading speed. Children, as expected, read more slowly due to less reading experiences, but, interestingly, had a similar number of regressive saccades and did not comprehend or remember the text worse than university students. Discussion We concluded that softer typefaces of rounder shapes should be used in educational materials, as they make the reading process easier and thus support the learning process better for both younger and adult readers. The results of our study also showed that a comparison of findings of different studies may depend on the differences among the used letter shapes.
Probability, Causality and the Empirical World: A Bayes-de Finetti-Popper-Borel Synthesis

This article expounds a philosophical approach to Probability and Causality: a synthesis of the personalist Bayesian views of de Finetti and Popper’s falsificationist programme. A falsification method for probabilistic or causal theories, based on “Borel criteria,” is described. It is argued that this minimalist approach, free of any distracting metaphysical inputs, provides the essential support required for the conduct and advance of Science.
Importance of the 2,6-Difluorobenzamide Motif for FtsZ Allosteric Inhibition: Insights from Conformational Analysis, Molecular Docking and Structural Modifications

A conformational analysis and molecular docking study comparing 2,6-difluoro-3-methoxybenzamide (DFMBA) with 3-methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) has been undertaken for investigating the known increase of FtsZ inhibition related anti S. aureus activity due to fluorination. For the isolated molecules, the calculations reveal that the presence of the fluorine atoms in DFMBA is responsible for its non-planarity, with a dihedral angle of -27° between the carboxamide and the aromatic ring. When interacting with the protein, the fluorinated ligand can thus more easily adopt the non-planar conformation found in reported co-crystallized complexes with FtsZ, than the non-fluorinated one. Molecular docking studies of the favored non-planar conformation of 2,6-difluoro-3-methoxybenzamide highlights the strong hydrophobic interactions between the difluoroaromatic ring and several key residues of the allosteric pocket, precisely between the 2-fluoro substituent and residues Val203 and Val297 and between the 6-fluoro group and the residues Asn263. The docking simulation in the allosteric binding site also confirms the critical importance of the hydrogen bonds between the carboxamide group with the residues Val207, Leu209 and Asn263. Changing the carboxamide functional group of 3-alkyloxybenzamide and 3-alkyloxy-2,6-difluorobenzamide to a benzohydroxamic acid or benzohydrazide led to inactive compounds, confirming the importance of the carboxamide group.
PERANCANGAN EKSPERIMEN UNTUK MENEMUKAN PARAMETER TERBAIK ALGORITMA SIMULATED ANNEALING: STUDI KASUS VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM

Penelitian ini menentukan solusi VRP (Vehicle Routing Problem) yang sering muncul dalam dunia industri dengan menggunakan SA (Simulated Annealing). Trial and error pada setiap pengaturan parameter harus dilakukan untuk pencarian solusi optimal walaupun membutuhkan waktu lebih lama. Design of Experiment (DoE) tampaknya mengurangi waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menentukan solusi optimal dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penting serta interaksi apa pun yang mungkin ada di antara faktor-faktor tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji solusi terbaik dalam VRP yang diselesaikan oleh SA menggunakan desain statistik pendekatan eksperimental (DoE). Selanjutnya menggunakan 23 desain faktorial digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi 3 faktor pengaturan parameter SA dan pengaturan dua level. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah metode swap, iterasi dan suhu maksimum serta pengaturan level tinggi dan rendah. Solusi optimal dari respon untuk swap dan iterasi maksimal berada pada level rendah dan faktor suhu berada pada level tinggi.
Electrokinetic instabilities of non-dilute colloidal suspensions

An experimental investigation of electrokinetic instabilities (EKIs) of non-dilute colloidal suspensions in microchannels is presented. The addition of charged colloidal particles to a solution can alter the solution's electrical conductivity and permittivity as well as the average particle electrophoretic mobility. In this work, a colloidal (500 nm polystyrene) volume fraction gradient is achieved at the intersection of a Y-shaped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel. The flow becomes unstable when the electroviscous stretching and folding of the conductivity and permittivity interfaces exceed the dissipative effects of viscous forces and particle diffusion. The suspension conductivity as a function of the particle volume fraction is presented. The critical conditions required for flow instability are measured along with a scaling analysis which shows that the flow becomes unstable due to a coupling of applied electric fields and the electrical conductivity and permittivity gradients in the flow. The flow becomes unstable at a critical electric Rayleigh number of Rae = 1.8 × 105 for a wide range of applied electric fields spanning three orders of magnitude and colloid volume fractions varying two orders of magnitude. EKIs of non-dilute colloidal suspensions may be important for applications such as the electrophoretic deposition of micropatterned colloidal assemblies, electrorheological devices and on-chip electrokinetic (EK) manipulation of colloids.
Re–entrant corner flows of the upper convected Maxwell fluid

Steady planar flow of the upper convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid is described for re–entrant corners with angles 180°/α, where ½ ⩽ α < 1. Local to the corner we consider a class of similarity solutions associated with the inviscid flow equations which arise from the dominance of the upper convective stress derivative in the constitutive equations. These solutions, first noted by Hinch, hold in an outer (core–flow) region and give stress singularities of O(r−2(1−α)) (with r the radial distance from the corner) and a stream function behaviour of O(rnα). Here n is a parameter defining distinct solutions within this similarity class. We match such solutions to wall boundary layers, in which viscometric behaviour is retrieved. We discuss two types of boundary–layer structure. The first is a single–layer structure, previously noted by Renardy. This single layer occurs for n = 3 − α and has the viscoelastic balance of the constitutive equations holding uniformly within it. Here we complete previous analysis by considering the downstream case. The second type of boundary layer considered is a double–layer structure, which we discuss for the range 1 < n < 3 − α. Now the elastic balance of the constitutive equations holds within its main region, with a thinner region closer to the wall in which the relaxation terms are recovered. This structure extends the range of the core similarity solutions and has not been previously noted.
Deep-focus compound-eye camera with polarization filters for 3D endoscopes

A deep-focus three-dimensional endoscope based on a compact compound-eye camera called TOMBO (thin observation module by bound optics) with polarization filters and polarized illuminations is presented. TOMBO is a very compact multi-camera system, which is composed of a single image sensor, a lens array, and a crosstalk barrier. Features of TOMBO are compactness of the camera system, and additional functionality achieved by attaching optical filters to lenses. In this paper, to enhance surface or deep structures of biological tissues selectively, polarization filters, which are parallel and vertical to the polarized illumination, respectively, are attached to a part of lenses. To achieve extended depth of focus, a wavefront coding (WFC) technique based on the spherical aberration is introduced. A prototype TOMBO with 3x3 lenses and a 2.2-μm-pixel color CMOS image sensor was fabricated. Depth estimation and superresolution with the WFC technique are demonstrated. Enhancement of surface or deep structures is also verified theoretically and experimentally.
On-orbit performance of MODIS solar diffuser stability monitor

MODIS reflective solar bands (RSB) calibration is provided by an on-board solar diffuser (SD). On-orbit changes in the SD bi-directional reflectance factor (BRF) are tracked by a solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM). The SDSM consists of a solar integration sphere (SIS) with nine detectors covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 0.94 μm. It functions as a ratioing radiometer, making alternate observations of the sunlight through a fixed attenuation screen and the sunlight diffusely reflected from the SD during each scheduled SD/SDSM calibration event. Since launch, Terra and Aqua MODIS SD/SDSM systems have been operated regularly to support the RSB on-orbit calibration. This paper provides an overview of MODIS SDSM design functions, its operation and calibration strategies, and on-orbit performance. Changes in SDSM detector responses over time and their potential impact on tracking SD on-orbit degradation are examined. Also presented in this paper are lessons learned from MODIS SD/SDSM calibration system and improvements made to the VIIRS SD/SDSM system, including preliminary comparisons of MODIS and VIIRS SDSM on-orbit performance.
Triaxial Accelerometer Based on a Semicircular Hetero-Core Fiber-Optic Sensor

In this article, we present the characteristics and performance of a cost-effective triaxial accelerometer using three semicircular hetero-core optical fibers, causing optical loss due to mechanical deformation with low transverse sensitivity. In addition to the low transverse sensitivity, calibration with a sensitivity matrix accounting for the residual transverse sensitivity compensation further improved the error of the triaxial accelerometer from 20.2% to 6.97% equivalent to commercial accelerometers. The characteristic quality parameters of the proposed accelerometer include sensitivity in the primary axis, measurement range, bandwidth, and discrimination threshold, which were 5.82 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm \,\,1.35\times 10^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB/g, ±74 g, 10–90 Hz, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.56\times 10^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> g, respectively. The maximum phase difference was -12.8° due to the viscoelastic property of the ultraviolet (UV)-curable resin fiber coating. The corrected accelerations using the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 3 sensitivity matrix were evaluated under the condition that the triaxial accelerometer was tilted to change the acceleration applied to each axis. We have successfully demonstrated the practical triaxial accelerometer using semicircular optical fiber sensors for early fault detection of industrial machinery.
Advances in large-eddy simulation of a wind turbine wake

A CFD code has been developed based on a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) approach. The turbine is simulated by concentrated drag forces, and is placed in an environment with turbulence anisotropy properties similar to the ones of the real atmosphere. Comparisons with experimental data and with analytical correlations have been performed, and the results are found to be in good agreement with both, suggesting that LES is a potentially useful tool in the investigation of detailed wake flow.
Ocean turbulent boundary-layer influence on ice crystal behaviour beneath fast ice in an Antarctic ice shelf water plume: The “dirty ice”

The oceanic connection between ice shelf cavities and sea ice influences sea ice development and persistence. One unique feature in regions near ice shelves is the potential for sea ice growth due to crystal accretion on its underside. Here we present observations of ocean boundary-layer processes and ice crystal behaviour in an Ice Shelf Water outflow region from the Ross/McMurdo Ice Shelves. From a fast ice field camp during the Spring of 2015, we captured the kinematics of free-floating relatively large (in some cases 10s of mm in scale) ice crystals that were advecting and then settling upwards in a depositional layer on the sea ice underside (SIPL, sub-ice platelet layer). Simultaneously, we measured the background oceanic temperature, salinity, currents and turbulence structure. At the camp location the total water depth was 536 m, with the uppermost 50 m of the water column being in-situ super-cooled. Tidal flow speeds had an amplitude of around 0.1 m s-1 with dissipation rates in the under-ice boundary layer measured to be up to ε=10-6 W kg-1. Acoustic sampling (200 kHz) identified backscatter from large, individually identifiable suspended crystals associated with crystal sizes larger than normally described as frazil. Measurement of crystals in the SIPL found dimensions of the range 5-200 mm with an average of 93-101 mm depending on the year. The existence and settlement of crystals has implications for understanding SIPL evolution, the structure of sea ice, as well as the fate of Ice Shelf Water.
Thermodynamic Nonequilibrium in Ice-Slurry Systems

Compared with classical secondary refrigerant loops that continuously supply cold energy, ice-slurry systems rely on the use of storage tanks designed to store and supply the cold energy on demand; thus cutting off cooling peak demands. To reliably operate an ice-slurry cooling system, it is very important to know the ice-loading fraction within the ice-slurry storage tank and in the slurry transmission piping. In this paper we compare two ways to measure the local ice fraction inside the storage tank. The first method is based on a direct measure of the ice-slurry temperature, and the second one applies the differential scanning calorimetry technique.