Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards automatic detection and diagnosis of Internet service anomalies via DNS traffic analysis

The DNS protocol has proved to be a valuable means for identifying and dissecting large-scale anomalies in omnipresent Over The Top (OTT) Internet services. In this paper, we present and evaluate a framework for detecting and diagnosing traffic anomalies via DNS traffic analysis. Detection of such anomalies is achieved by monitoring different DNS-related symptomatic features, flagging a warning as soon as one or more of them show a significant change. The investigation of the root causes for such deviations is done by looking at significant changes in a number of diagnostic features (i.e., device manufacturer and OS, requested host name, error codes, etc.), which convey information directly linked to the potential origins of the detected anomalies. For the purpose of detecting significant changes in the time-series of diagnostic features, we propose a scheme based on change point detection applied to the entropy of the considered features. The proposed solution is tested using both real and synthetic data from a nationwide mobile ISP, the latter generated from real traffic statistics to resemble the real mobile network traffic. To show the operational value of the proposed framework, we report the results of the diagnosis in two prototypical cases.
A comparative study of spectral transformation techniques for singing voice synthesis

Studies show that professional singing matches well the associated melody and typically exhibits spectra different from speech in resonance tuning and singing formant. Therefore, one of the important topics in speech-to-singing conversion is to characterize the spectral transformation between speech and singing. This paper extends two types of spectral transformation techniques, namely voice conversion and model adaptation, and examines their performance. For the first time, we carry out a comparative study over four singing voice synthesis techniques. The experiments on various data sizes reveal that maximumlikelihood Gaussian mixture model (ML-GMM) of voice conversion always delivers the best performance in terms of spectral estimation accuracy; while model adaptation generates the best singing quality in all cases. When a large dataset is available, both techniques achieve the highest similarity to target singing. With a small dataset, the highest similarity is obtained by ML-GMM. It is also found that the music context-dependent modeling in adaptation, in which detailed partition of transform space is involved, leads to pleasant singing spectra.
The Mnemonic of Intuitive Ontology Violation is not the Distinctiveness Effect: Evidence from a Broad Age Spectrum of Persons in the UK and China during a Free-Recall Task

The typical formulation of Pascal Boyer’s counterintuitiveness theory asserts that concepts violating intuitive ontological-category structures are more memorable. However, Boyer’s (2001) original claim centered on the transmission advantages of counter-ontological representations that were cultural. Nevertheless, subsequent studies focused on the recall of novel counterintuitive representations, and an “alternative account” of the memorability of counterintuitive concepts has emerged resembling the distinctiveness effect (Upal, 2010). Yet, experimental evidence shows that familiar concepts have memorability advantages over novel ones (Anaki & Bentin, 2009; Ingram, Mickes, & Wixted, 2011). This investigation of these pan-cultural transmission biases used a large age-representative sample (13–86 years; N = 365) in the UK and China. Results were analyzed by HLM , with familiarity, counterintuitiveness, and delay as 2-level fixed factors, and age as a covariate. No support was revealed for the typical formulation of the hypothesis — however, a significant age effect and interaction of familiarity x counterintuitiveness were found.
Adaptive crossover and crosstalk canceling DPD for MIMO transmitters

Nonlinear and linear crosstalk effects where the paths are implemented on the same chipset cannot be avoided in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceivers. This paper presents a crossover and crosstalk canceling digital predistortion (CCC-DPD) architecture, which can compensate the nonlinear crosstalk, linear crosstalk and nonlinearity of the power amplifier (PA). What's more, the linearization, nonlinear and linear crosstalk compensation are decoupled in CCC-DPD architecture. The simulation results show the proposed approach can effectively linearize the PA response and compensate the nonlinear and linear crosstalk with much smaller steady-state error than crossover digital predistortion (CO-DPD) and crosstalk canceling digital predistortion (CTC-DPD).
Early T Cell Recognition of B Cells following Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: Identifying Potential Targets for Prophylactic Vaccination

Epstein-Barr virus, a B-lymphotropic herpesvirus, is the cause of infectious mononucleosis, has strong aetiologic links with several malignancies and has been implicated in certain autoimmune diseases. Efforts to develop a prophylactic vaccine to prevent or reduce EBV-associated disease have, to date, focused on the induction of neutralising antibody responses. However, such vaccines might be further improved by inducing T cell responses capable of recognising and killing recently-infected B cells. In that context, EBNA2, EBNA-LP and BHRF1 are the first viral antigens expressed during the initial stage of B cell growth transformation, yet have been poorly characterised as CD8+ T cell targets. Here we describe CD8+ T cell responses against each of these three “first wave” proteins, identifying target epitopes and HLA restricting alleles. While EBNA-LP and BHRF1 each contained one strong CD8 epitope, epitopes within EBNA2 induced immunodominant responses through several less common HLA class I alleles (e.g. B*3801 and B*5501), as well as subdominant responses through common class I alleles (e.g. B7 and C*0304). Importantly, such EBNA2-specific CD8+ T cells recognised B cells within the first day post-infection, prior to CD8+ T cells against well-characterised latent target antigens such as EBNA3B or LMP2, and effectively inhibited outgrowth of EBV-transformed B cell lines. We infer that “first wave” antigens of the growth-transforming infection, especially EBNA2, constitute potential CD8+ T cell immunogens for inclusion in prophylactic EBV vaccine design.
ASTROPHYSICS The reality of old moving groups - the case of HR 1614 ⋆ Age, metallicity, and a new extended sample

We prove the existence of the old and metal-rich moving group HR 1614. This is done using the new Hipparcos parallaxes in combination with metallicities derived from Stromgren photometry, supported by dynamical simulations of the evolution of old moving groups in the galactic potential. A new selection criterion for this moving group is presented as well as a new, extended sample of probable member stars. In particular we find that the HR 1614 moving group has an age of about 2 Gyr (using Bertelli et al. 1994 isochrones) and a [Fe/H] dex. We also revisit and apply our new selection criterion to the samples in Eggen (1992) and Eggen (1998b). It is found that, when binaries and stars with too low metallicity have been removed, 15 of his stars fulfill our criteria. Key words: stars: Hertzsprung Russel (HR) and C-M diagrams stars: kinematics Galaxy: evolution Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics Galaxy: open clusters and associations: general Galaxy: open clusters and associations: individual: HR 1614 * Based on observations with the ESA Hipparcos satellite (Less)
The Effect of Word Recall on English Vocabulary Learning

This study examined the effect of word recall among Korean native students learning English vocabulary as their second language. The aim was to determine if there would be an effect of word recall on English vocabulary learning after the participants had studied 160 English-Korean word pairs using the computer. Participants were assigned to three different learning conditions (Control, Recall, Encode) and they learned lists of word pairs across multiple study trials and were given an immediate recall test. A final delayed recall test was also given 1 week after learning. The results from the delayed recall test indicated that the learning conditions (Control, Recall) which required the participants to actively recall the words resulted in a better recall of words 1 week after the initial learning period. In addition, the results from the survey which investigated the participants’ preferred strategy when studying, demonstrated that 63.5% of the participants preferred to engage in self-testing or retrieval practice while studying. However, participants did not regard retrieval practice via self-testing alone as an effective learning strategy for studying.
A Redox-Sensitive Micelle-Like Nanoparticle Self-Assembled from Amphiphilic Adriamycin-Human Serum Albumin Conjugates for Tumor Targeted Therapy

The application of chemotherapeutic drug adriamycin (ADR) in cancer therapy is limited by its side effects like high toxicity and insolubility. Nanomedicine offers new hope for overcoming the shortcomings. But how to increase in vivo stability and to control intracellular drug release is a key issue for nano-based formulations. Herein, the hydrophobic ADR was successfully linked to the biocompatible human serum albumin (HSA) by disulfide bond 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionyl hydrazide (PDPH), resulting in amphiphilic HSA-ADR. The novel ADR-HSA micellar NPs which were thus assembled exhibited a well-defined stable core shell structure with glutathione (GSH) sensitive linkers. The stable PDPH linkers at extracellular level were broken by GSH at intracellular level with a controlled ADR release profile. The in vitro cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells (NCI-N87) was obviously enhanced by such redox-sensitive ADR-HSA NPs. Additionally, as observed by IVIS Lumina II Imaging System (Xenogen), the intratumor accumulation of ADR-HSA NPs was much higher than that of HSA/ADR NPs due to its high stability. Consequently, the in vivo tumor inhibition was significantly promoted after intravenous administration to the Balb/c nude mice bearing gastric tumors. These in vitro/vivo results indicated that disulfide-bond-containing ADR-HSA NPs were an effective nanodrug delivery system for cancer therapy.
Subjective contours at line terminations depend on scene layout analysis, not image processing

Subjective contours at abutting lines, commonly attributed to levels of the visual system where image properties are directly encoded, are shown to require an explanation at the level of visual surface understanding. By the use of stereoscopic displays, subjective contours could either be abolished where they were monocularly strong or be created where they were monocularly nonexistent. Furthermore, it was shown that subjective contours are determined by the boundaries of occluded rather than occluding regions. The results cannot be accounted for by adding a stereo component to existing image-based theories, such as those based on end-stopped cells. Instead, any plausible process must explicitly determine the position of bounding surface contours in the scene. Minimum requirements of such a process are given. Subjective contours are of two major varieties: those that complete existing luminance contours across gaps (Schumann, 1900; Kanizsa, 1974; see Figure 1, top) and those that form along a set of line terminators (Ehrenstein, 1941/1987), especially along two sets of abutting line terminators (Kanizsa, 1974; see Figure 1, bottom left). In both cases, it is generally agreed that subjective contours serve the function of delineating the boundaries of occluding surfaces when luminance contours are camouflaged in the image by the luminance of the surrounding field. With respect to mechanism, there is considerable disagreement. Several physiological findings of great interest, discussed in detail, subsequently have encouraged the continuing widespread view that subjective contours are the product of low-level physiological mechanisms acting at early levels of the visual system that directly encode image properties. This marries function and mechanism in an unusually persuasive and satisfying manner. It is the goal of this article to present a different view based on striking new findings. We used stereograms to manipulate the three-dimensional (3-D) placement of the contours of the abutting line effect. This is the simplest configuration giving rise to subjective contours and the one most readily explained by low-level theories (Treisman, Cavanagh, Fischer, Ramachandran, & von der Heydt, 1990). On the basis of our results, we argue that such subjective contours can be explained only at the level of scene analysis. We sketch out some of the complexities an adequate explanation must encompass. We also attempt to analyze in some detail why current image-based mechanisms cannot provide such an explanation.
Atomicity and causality of multimedia messages in group communication

A large-scale network is composed of various types of communication channels. Here, each communication channel supports a different quality of service (QoS). In group communication, messages are required to be causally delivered. Even if a process supporting enough QoS receives messages, the process has to wait to deliver the messages until another process supporting lower QoS receives the messages in order to realize the atomic and ordered delivery of messages. Thus, multimedia data cannot be delivered to processes so as to satisfy the real-time constraint if a slower process is included in a group. We discuss group communication protocols by which multimedia messages can be delivered to a process with some time constraint properties which satisfy the QoS requirements of multimedia messages.
Recent trends in primary-care antidepressant prescribing to children and young people: an e-cohort study

Background Concerns relating to increased use of psychotropic medication contrast with those of under-treatment and under-recognition of common mental disorders in children and young people (CYP) across developed countries. Little is known about the indications recorded for antidepressant prescribing in primary care in CYP. Method This was an electronic cohort study of routinely collected primary-care data from a population of 1.9 million, Wales, UK. Poisson regression was undertaken to model adjusted counts of recorded depression symptoms, diagnoses and antidepressant prescriptions. Associated indications were explored. Results 3 58 383 registered patients aged 6–18 years between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013 provided a total of 19 20 338 person-years of follow-up. The adjusted incidence of antidepressant prescribing increased significantly [incidence rate ratio (IRR) for 2013 = 1.28], mainly in older adolescents. The majority of new antidepressant prescriptions were for citalopram. Recorded depression diagnoses showed a steady decline (IRR = 0.72) while depression symptoms (IRR = 2.41) increased. Just over half of new antidepressant prescriptions were associated with depression (diagnosis or symptoms). Other antidepressant prescribing, largely unlicensed, was associated with diagnoses such as anxiety and pain. Conclusion Antidepressant prescribing is increasing in CYP while recorded depression diagnoses decline. Unlicensed citalopram prescribing occurs outside current guidelines, despite its known toxicity in overdose. Unlicensed antidepressant prescribing is associated with a wide range of diagnoses, and while accepted practice, is often not supported by safety and efficacy studies. New strategies to implement current guidance for the management of depression in CYP are required.
Downregulation of RPL6 by siRNA Inhibits Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression of Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines

Our previous study revealed that human ribosomal protein L6 (RPL6) was up-regulated in multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cells and over-expression of RPL6 could protect gastric cancer from drug-induced apoptosis. It was further demonstrated that up-regulation of RPL6 accelerated growth and enhanced in vitro colony forming ability of GES cells while down-regulation of RPL6 exhibited the opposite results. The present study was designed to investigate the potential role of RPL6 in therapy of gastric cancer for clinic. The expression of RPL6 and cyclin E in gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa was evaluated by immunohistochemisty. It was found that RPL6 and cyclin E were expressed at a higher level in gastric cancer tissues than that in normal gastric mucosa and the two were correlative in gastric cancer. Survival time of postoperative patients was analyzed by Kaplan- Meier analysis and it was found that patients with RPL6 positive expression showed shorter survival time than patients that with RPL6 negative expression. RPL6 was then genetically down-regulated in gastric cancer SGC7901 and AGS cell lines by siRNA. It was demonstrated that down-regulation of RPL6 reduced colony forming ability of gastric cancer cells in vitro and reduced cell growth in vivo. Moreover, down-regulation of RPL6 could suppress G1 to S phase transition in these cells. Further, we evidenced that RPL6 siRNA down-regulated cyclin E expression in SGC7901 and AGS cells. Taken together, these data suggested that RPL6 was over-expressed in human gastric tissues and caused poor prognosis. Down-regulation of RPL6 could suppress cell growth and cell cycle progression at least through down-regulating cyclin E and which might be used as a novel approach to gastric cancer therapy.
HEART RATE RESERVE AT VENTILATORY THRESHOLDS, MAXIMAL LACTATE STEADY STATE AND MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER IN WELL-TRAINED CYCLISTS: TRAINING APPLICATION

Introduction: Several physiological tests have been developed to predict cycling performance. However, the high costs and expertise needs to perform these tests detracts coaches and athletes from using them habitually. The aim of this study is to provide the equivalence between these physiological assessments and heart rate reserve (HRR) to facilitate training advice to cyclists. Materials and Methods: Thirty three aerobically-trained male cyclists ( O 2max 62.1±4.6 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) performed two graded exercise tests (GXT; 50 W warm-up followed by 25 W·min -1 ) to exhaustion. O 2 and CO 2 data were collected throughout GXT and several continuous tests were performed to detect maximal lactate steady state workload (MLSS). Results: VT 1 , VT 2 and O 2max were achieved at power outputs of 184±36, 298±36 and 390±34 W, respectively corresponding with 66±9, 88±6 and 100% of HRR. MLSS (n=14), occurred at 256±31 W. These HRR defined five training zones; 53-62% HRR (zone R0), 62-71% HRR (zone R1), 74-86% HRR (zone R2), 86-99% HRR (zone R3) and 100% HRR (zone R3+). Discussion: We found the HRR correspondence to ventilatory aerobic and anaerobic thresholds (i.e., VT 1 and VT 2 ) MLSS and O 2max . Those HRR defined 5 distinguishable training zones corresponding to those physiological events that could be used for optimizing training.
Architecture and Scalable Testbed for Cooperative Systems in the Nextgenits Project

In the past research has been done on cooperative systems resulting in, among others, the CALM architecture which is used in NextGenITS. The project focuses on the scalability issues of routing protocols and energy optimizations for cooperative vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) systems. The resulting solutions will be simulated using TraNS and Nsclick. Afterwards the architecture and routing protocols will be tested in real life on small and large scale.
L’impasse criminelle

L’auteur reprend et complete des hypotheses developpees dans son livre La mort donnee (Paris, PUF, 2011) au sujet de la mort donnee comme acte individuel et comme acte collectif. Elle rappelle trois motivations principales soit : tuer pour une identite, tuer pour survivre, tuer par ivresse de la toute-puissance.
When do herbivores affect plant invasion? Evidence for the natural enemies and biotic resistance hypotheses

Two venerable hypotheses, widely cited as explanations for either the success or failure of introduced species in recipient communities, are the natural enemies hypothesis and the biotic resistance hypothesis. The natural enemies hypothesis posits that introduced organisms spread rapidly because they are liberated from their co-evolved predators, pathogens and herbivores. The biotic resistance hypothesis asserts that introduced species often fail to invade communities because strong biotic interactions with native species hinder their establishment and spread. We reviewed the evidence for both of these hypotheses as they relate to the importance of non-domesticated herbivores in affecting the success or failure of plant invasion. To evaluate the natural enemies hypothesis, one must determine how commonly native herbivores have population-level impacts on native plants. If native herbivores seldom limit native plant abundance, then there is little reason to think that introduced plants benefit from escape from these enemies. Studies of native herbivore-native plant interactions reveal that plant life-history greatly mediates the strength with which specialist herbivores suppress plant abundance. Relatively short-lived plants that rely on current seed production for regeneration are most vulnerable to herbivory that reduces seed production. As such, these plants may gain the greatest advantage from escaping their specialist enemies in recipient communities. In contrast, native plants that are long lived or that possess long-lived seedbanks may not be kept “in check” by native herbivores. For these species, escape from native enemies may have little to do with their success as exotics; they are abundant both where they are native and introduced. Evidence for native herbivores providing biotic resistance to invasion by exotics is conflicting. Our review reveals that: 1) introduced plants can attract a diverse assemblage of native herbivores and that 2) native herbivores can reduce introduced plant growth, seed set and survival. However, the generality of these impacts is unclear, and evidence that herbivory actually limits or reduces introduced plant spread is scarce. The degree to which native herbivores provide biotic resistance to either exotic plant establishment or spread may be greatly determined by their functional and numerical responses to exotic plants, which we know little about. Generalist herbivores, through their direct effects on seed dispersal and their indirect effects in altering the outcome of native–non-native plant competitive interactions, may have more of a facilitative than negative effect on exotic plant abundance.
High Resolution Animated Scenes from Stills

Current techniques for generating animated scenes involve either videos (whose resolution is limited) or a single image (which requires a significant amount of user interaction). In this paper, we describe a system that allows the user to quickly and easily produce a compelling-looking animation from a small collection of high resolution stills. Our system has two unique features. First, it applies an automatic partial temporal order recovery algorithm to the stills in order to approximate the original scene dynamics. The output sequence is subsequently extracted using a second-order Markov Chain model. Second, a region with large motion variation can be automatically decomposed into semiautonomous regions such that their temporal orderings are softly constrained. This is to ensure motion smoothness throughout the original region. The final animation is obtained by frame interpolation and feathering. Our system also provides a simple-to-use interface to help the user to fine-tune the motion of the animated scene. Using our system, an animated scene can be generated in minutes. We show results for a variety of scenes.