Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The geologic framework of Acoma Pueblo and its cultural context: A Western & Native perspective

Reano, Darryl. M.S., Purdue University, May 2014. The Geologic Framework of Acoma Pueblo and Its Cultural Context: A Western & Native Perspective. Major Professor: Kenneth Ridgway. The sequence of sedimentary rocks at Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, are important both in terms of their cultural significance for the Native people of Acoma Pueblo and the insight they provide into the long term geologic history of the Colorado Plateau. In this thesis we present the first stratigraphic and provenance analysis of the Mesozoic strata at Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico, based on field observations and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. Acoma Pueblo was located in the distal part (i.e. backbulge) of a foreland basin system during most of the Mesozoic. Acoma Pueblo has not been included in previous regional studies of the Colorado Plateau, which focused on proximal (i.e. foredeep) portions of the Cordilleran foreland basin system. However, field observations and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology provide insight into how the sources of sediment for depositional environments at Acoma Pueblo changed throughout the Mid-Late Mesozoic as the Cordilleran foreland basin system evolved. The depositional environments of strata exposed at Acoma Pueblo, include aeolian dunes (Entrada Sandstone and Zuni Sandstone), lacustrine, fluvial playa (Morrison Formation), and shallow marine environments (Dakota Sandstone). Key provenance
The C-Terminal Region of PTHrP, in Addition to the Nuclear Localization Signal, Is Essential for the Intracrine Stimulation of Proliferation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

PTHrP is secreted by most cell types. In addition to a paracrine/autocrine role, PTHrP has “intracrine” actions, entering the nuclear compartment under the direction of a classic bipartite nuclear localization signal. In vascular smooth muscle cells, nuclear entry stimulates mitogenesis. In the current study, we sought to more precisely define the regions of PTHrP required for the activation of mitogenesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. PTHrP deletion mutants missing large regions [i.e. the signal peptide, N terminus (1–36), mid region (38–86), nuclear localization signal, C terminus (108–139), or combinations of the above] were expressed in A-10 vascular smooth muscle cells. The consequences on nuclear localization and proliferation were examined. Deletion of the nuclear localization signal prevented nuclear entry and slowed proliferation. Deletion of the highly conserved N terminus or mid region had no impact on nuclear localization or on proliferation. Deletion of the C terminus had no deleterious ef.
Developing a Dream Destination: Tourism and Tourism Policy Planning in Hawaii

"Developing a Dream Destination" is an interpretive history of tourism and tourism policy development in Hawai'i from the 1960s to the twenty-first century. Part 1 looks at the many changes in tourism since statehood (1959) and tourism's imprint on Hawai'i. Part 2 reviews the development of public policy toward tourism, beginning with a story of the planning process that started around 1970 - a full decade before the first comprehensive State Tourism Plan was crafted and implemented. It also examines state government policies and actions taken relative to the taxation of tourism, tourism promotion, convention center development and financing, the environment, Honolulu County's efforts to improve Waikiki, and how the Neighbor Islands have coped with explosive tourism growth.
The Role of Dietary Interventions in the Management of Obesity

The epidemic of obesity is taking over many parts of the world. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial; however, disordered energy balance regulation is a central feature. Obesity is managed by lifestyle changes alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery. Diet is an essential part of the primary and secondary prevention of obesity. Various dietary patterns have successfully induced acute weight loss, but no diet stands apart from others. Most agree that an ideal weight loss diet should be nutritionally adequate, safe, effective, affordable, and culturally admissible. Creating a negative energy balance is the underpinning theme across weight loss diets. Despite early weight loss, most individuals struggle to maintain weight long-term. Weight gain occurs due to a complex interaction of physiological, environmental, and psychological factors. Long-term weight management is influenced by lifelong conformity to low energy diet, lifestyle changes and ongoing support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Strategies should be implemented at the population level to prevent obesity. Policymakers, schools, businesses, healthcare providers, community leaders and individuals must unite at local, national, and international levels to fight the epidemic of obesity.
A Working Memory Test Battery: Java-Based Collection of Seven Working Memory Tasks

Working memory is a key construct within cognitive science. It is an important theory in its own right, but the influence of working memory is enriched due to the widespread evidence that measures of its capacity are linked to a variety of functions in wider cognition. To facilitate the active research environment into this topic, we describe seven computer-based tasks that provide estimates of short-term and working memory incorporating both visuospatial and verbal material. The memory span tasks provided are; digit span, matrix span, arrow span, reading span, operation span, rotation span, and symmetry span. These tasks are built to be simple to use, flexible to adapt to the specific needs of the research design, and are open source. All files can be downloaded from the project website http://www.cognitivetools. uk and the source code is available via Github.
Fourier analyses of continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods of arbitrary degree of approximation

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Fourier analyses of continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods of arbitrary degree of approximation Daniel Le Roux, Christopher Eldred, Mark Taylor
Retrieval and Query Ranking of Unstructured Data in Dataspace using Vector Space Model

There is a vast amount of data is available on the web in the form of WebPages, on the clouds or in the repositories of any organization. All data are stored digitally by any companies, enterprises or any organization, these data may be text data, streamed data, images, Facebook data, Twitter data, Videos and other documents available digitally on the Internet related any areas like manufacturing, engineering, medical, etc. collectively called Dataspace. The data available over the internet may be structured data, unstructured or without any format. The storing mechanism is different for each organization but searching and retrieval of data should be easy from the user‟s point, they are able to find the relevant information efficiently and accurate information that should be satisfied them, so there should be a proper model, search engine or interface for finding the information. Retrieving information from the Internet and large databases are quite difficult and time-consuming especially if such information is unstructured. Several algorithms and techniques have been developed in the area of data mining and information retrieval yet retrieving data from large databases continue to be problematic. In this paper, the Vector Space Model (VSM) technique of information retrieval is used, by using VSM model documents and queries can be represented as a vector, whose dimension is considered as terms to build the index represent the unstructured data. VSM is widely used for retrieving the documents and data due to its simplicity and efficiency work on a large number of datasets. VSM is based on term weighting on document vectors using three steps 1) First step is used to create indexes of the documents to retrieve the relevant data, 2) In the second step weighting of the indexed terms is used to retrieve the appropriate document for the end user, and (3) In the Finally steps the similarity measures is between documents to rank the documents relevant to the end user query using. The cosine measure is often used. We then found out that it is easier to retrieve data or information based on their similarity measures and produces a better and more efficient technique or model for information retrieval. KeywordsInformation Retreival, Ranking Indexing, Vector Space Model, Untsructuctured Data, Dataspace __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
CRASHWORTHINESS OF AUTOMOBILE IN A VEHICLE-TO-POLE CRASH SIMULATION

Crash Simulation is a virtual recreation of a destructive crash test of a car by using computer simulation software in order to examine the level of safety of the car and its occupants. This paper was an effort to analyze the crashworthiness of the vehicle for different feasible materials, which are not only light weight but also have high energy absorption capacity while undergoing plastic deformation. Finite element model of a vehicle was developed in UG NX 6.0 and it was solved for full frontal impact in ANSYS Workbench 14.5 by using explicit dynamics code. Automobile’s crashworthiness was realized by plotting the graph of impact energy against time and sensitivity was realized by plotting the graph of reaction force against time. The analysis was limited to full frontal impact of an automobile at a speed of 35 mph with rigid pole, in accordance with NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration).
Systematic Characterization of High-Dielectric Constant Glass Materials Using THz-TDS Technique

High-dielectric constant glasses are prerequisite for developing terahertz (THz) components and systems. Oxyfluorosilicate (OFS) glasses have been developed and their THz properties have been characterized by using THz-time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements. High-dielectric constant (8–13) and low loss (6–9/cm) properties in the THz region have been demonstrated and their dielectric properties have been studied using the single oscillator-based model through a comparison with other multi-component silicate oxide glasses. Unified single oscillator model, which can distinguish the electronic and ionic contributions to the dielectric property, has been applied in this analysis. The physical origin of the dielectric constant enhancement and the importance of interplay between the electronic polarizability and ionicity in high-dielectric constant glasses have been revealed. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of THz-TDS technique for characterizing dielectric properties of multi-component glasses in detail.
Lean/Sizzurp Ingredients, Use, and Coping With Mental Health Symptoms

The substance combination of codeine and promethazine, commonly termed lean/sizzurp, has been identified as a method that some individuals use to cope with PTSD and other mental health symptomology. A sample of 1423 adults with self-reported past year lean use was recruited from substance-related Reddit pages to complete a survey about lean, including information about using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings. To be included in the sample, persons needed to: (1) be ⩾18 years old, (2) report past year lean use, (3) complete lean use screeners, and (4) pass data quality checks (eg, bot detection). As Reddit is an online forum, no geographic restrictions were placed on study participation. Data on demographic characteristics, lean use, and mental health disorder symptomology were captured from participants. Logistic regression models included anxiety, depression, and trauma as independent variables along with covariates to examine using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. Most participants were male (n = 1102; 77.4%), with an average age of 26.9 (SD = 5.2) years. Most participants used included codeine as an ingredient in lean (n = 1060; 74.5%); promethazine was added as an ingredient by 31.7% of the sample (n = 451), and the combination of codeine and promethazine was included as ingredients by 13.5% (n = 192) of the sample. Participants with anxiety, lifetime trauma exposure, and who were female had increased odds of using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. Those with depression and unstable housing exhibited decreased odds of using lean to cope with emotions, thoughts, or feelings in the past 30 days. This study recruited persons via social media to learn more about lean use, especially lean use to cope with mental health symptoms; future population-level studies are needed.
ChromNetMotif: a Python tool to extract chromatin-sate marked motifs in a chromatin interaction network

Abstract Motivation Analysis of network motifs is crucial to studying the robustness, stability, and functions of complex networks. Genome organization can be viewed as a biological network that consists of interactions between different chromatin regions. These interacting regions are also marked by epigenetic or chromatin states which can contribute to the overall organization of the chromatin and proper genome function. Therefore, it is crucial to integrate the chromatin states of the nodes when performing motif analysis in chromatin interaction networks. Even though there has been increasing production of chromatin interaction and genome-wide epigenetic modification data, there is a lack of publicly available tools to extract chromatin state-marked motifs from genome organization data. Results We develop a Python tool, ChromNetMotif, offering an easy-to-use command line interface to extract chromatin-state-marked motifs from a chromatin interaction network. The tool can extract occurrences, frequencies, and statistical enrichment of the chromatin state-marked motifs. Visualization files are also generated which allow the user to interpret the motifs easily. ChromNetMotif also allows the user to leverage the features of a multicore processor environment to reduce computation time for larger networks. The output files generated can be used to perform further downstream analysis. ChromNetMotif aims to serve as an important tool to comprehend the interplay between epigenetics and genome organization. Availability and implementation ChromNetMotif is available at https://github.com/lncRNAAddict/ChromNetworkMotif.
Challenges and improvements associated with transitions between hospitals and care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study with care home and healthcare staff in England

Abstract Background Care home residents transitioning from hospital are at risk of receiving poor-quality care with their safety being challenged by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) pandemic. Little is known about how care home staff worked with hospital staff and other healthcare professionals to address these challenges and make improvements to increase patient safety. Objective To gain insight into how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the safety of transitions between hospital and care home. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with care home staff and healthcare professionals involved in hospital to care home transitions including doctors, nurses, paramedics, pharmacists, social workers, and occupational therapists. Commonalities and patterns in the data were identified using thematic analysis. Results Seventy participants were interviewed. Three themes were developed, first, ‘new challenges’, described care homes were pressurised to receive hospital patients amidst issues with COVID-19 testing, changes to working practices and contentious media attention, which all impacted staff negatively. Second, ‘dehumanisation’ described how care home residents were treated, being isolated from others amounted to feelings of being imprisoned, caused fear and engendered negative reactions from families. Third, ‘better ways of working’ described how health and social care workers developed relationships that improved integration and confidence and benefited care provision. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to and compounded high-risk hospital-to-care home discharges. Government policy failed to support care homes. Rapid discharge objectives exposed a myriad of infection control issues causing inhumane conditions for care home residents. However, staff involved in transitions continued to provide and improve upon care provision.
A comprehensive overview of investigational elastase inhibitors for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction Excessive activity of neutrophil elastase (NE), the main enzyme present in azurophil granules in the neutrophil cytoplasm, may cause tissue injury and remodeling in various lung diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in which it is crucial to the immune response and inflammatory process. Consequently, NE is a possible target for therapeutic intervention in ALI/ARDS. Areas covered The protective effects of several NE inhibitors in attenuating ALI/ARDS in several models of lung injury are described. Some of these NE inhibitors are currently in clinical development, but only sivelestat has been evaluated as a treatment for ALI/ARDS. Expert opinion Preclinical research has produced encouraging information about using NE inhibitors. Nevertheless, only sivelestat has been approved for this clinical indication, and only in Japan and South Korea because of the conflicting results of clinical trials and likely also because of the potential adverse events. Identifying subsets of patients with ARDS most likely to benefit from NE inhibitor treatment, such as the hyperinflammatory phenotype, and using a more advanced generation of NE inhibitors than sivelestat could enable better clinical results than those obtained with elastase inhibitors.
The timing of confidence computations in human prefrontal cortex

Knowing when confidence computations take place is critical for building mechanistic understanding of the neural and computational bases of metacognition. Yet, even though substantial amount of research has focused on revealing the neural correlates and computations underlying human confidence judgments, very little is known about the timing of confidence computations. Subjects judged the orientation of a briefly presented visual stimulus and provided a confidence rating regarding the accuracy of their decision. We delivered single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at different times after stimulus presentation. TMS was delivered to either dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the experimental group or to vertex in the control group. We found that TMS to DLPFC, but not to vertex, led to increased confidence in the absence of changes to accuracy or metacognitive ability. Critically, equivalent levels of confidence increase occurred for TMS delivered between 200 and 500 ms after stimulus presentation. These results suggest that confidence computations occur during a broad window that begins before the perceptual decision has been fully made and thus provide important constraints for theories of confidence generation.
From simple to complex: Protein‐based biomarker discovery in tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly infectious disease that affects millions of people globally. TB proteomics signature discovery has been a rapidly growing area of research that aims to identify protein biomarkers for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring of TB. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in this field and how it is moving from the study of single proteins to high‐throughput profiling and from only using proteomics to include additional types of data in multi‐omics studies. We have further covered the different sample types and experimental technologies used in TB proteomics signature discovery, focusing on studies of HIV‐negative adults. The published signatures were defined as either coming from hypothesis‐based protein targeting or from unbiased discovery approaches. The methodological approaches influenced the type of proteins identified and were associated with the circulating protein abundance. However, both approaches largely identified proteins involved in similar biological pathways, including acute‐phase responses and T‐helper type 1 and type 17 responses. By analysing the frequency of proteins in the different signatures, we could also highlight potential robust biomarker candidates. Finally, we discuss the potential value of integration of multi‐omics data and the importance of control cohorts and signature validation.
Maximum gravitational mass 
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The maximal gravitational mass of nonrotating neutron stars ($M_{\rm TOV}$) is one of the key parameters of compact objects and only loose bounds can be set based on the first principle. With reliable measurements of the masses and/or radii of the neutron stars, $M_{\rm TOV}$ can be robustly inferred from either the mass distribution of these objects or the reconstruction of the equation of state (EoS) of the very dense matter. For the first time we take the advantages of both two approaches to have a precise inference of $M_{\rm TOV}=2.25^{+0.08}_{-0.07}~M_\odot$ (68.3\% credibility), with the updated neutron star mass measurement sample, the mass-tidal deformability data of GW170817, the mass-radius data of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620, as well as the theoretical information from the chiral effective theory ($\chi$EFT) and perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) at low and very high energy densities, respectively. This narrow credible range is benefited from the suppression of the high $M_{\rm TOV}$ by the pQCD constraint and the exclusion of the low $M_{\rm TOV}$ by the mass function. Three different EoS reconstruction methods are adopted separately, and the resulting $M_{\rm TOV}$ and $R_{\rm TOV}$ are found to be almost identical, where $R_{\rm TOV}=11.90^{+0.63}_{-0.60}$ km is the radius of the most massive non-rotating NS. This precisely evaluated $M_{\rm TOV}$ suggests that the EoS of neutron star matter is just moderately stiff and the $\sim 2.5-3M_\odot$ compact objects detected by the second generation gravitational wave detectors are most likely the lightest black holes.
Manipulation Prevention and Hedging Effectiveness: Optimal Settlement Window Design for CSI 300 Stock Index Futures

We empirically evaluate the current 120-minute settlement window for China Securities Index 300 Stock Index Futures. We assume that an exchange chooses the optimal settlement window to maximize its profit by increasing its revenue from trading volume and by curtailing its surveillance expenditure via designing contract specifications. Given that a longer settlement window may reduce the hedging effectiveness but result in cost savings, we find that the optimal settlement window is located between zero and forty minutes under varied unit investigation costs and suggest that it may be more appropriate to set a shorter settlement window.