Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A confidence measure for speech recognition systems based on two maximum entropy approaches

PCT No. PCT/EP93/02377 Sec. 371 Date Mar. 10, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Mar. 10, 1995 PCT Filed Sep. 3, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO94/07081 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 31, 1994An apparatus for orienting an object mounted on a first plane, for example a radar antenna, with reference to a second plane, for example the deck of a ship. The apparatus includes a stack of three identical, substantially annular housings each of which is provided with an upper surface and a lower surface, these two surfaces not being parallel. Each housing is provided with a drive unit for rotating the upper surface with respect to the lower surface about the housing axis. The drive units are suitable for independently performing the rotations; furthermore control units are provided for controlling the drive units for orienting the object in three degrees of freedom with reference to the second plane.
Clinical Terminology in Practical Use for Recording and Researching Reasons for Admission in Intensive Care

This paper describes the use of clinical terminology at the Intensive Care. The infrastructure makes use of frames, description logic, and RDF storage. We present a medical ontology that is used for registering health problems at intensive care units in hospitals. Because of its flexible architecture it is necessary to be able to determine equivalence and subsumption automatically. These two tasks require two types of knowledge to be encoded: definitional knowledge and template knowledge. We discuss how both kinds of knowledge are made explicit. In our approach, we combine frame-based representation and description logic (DL). We also show how patient information is stored using RDF, and how this can be further analyzed using a DL-based reasoner.
Retail Fish Demand in Great Britain and its Fisheries Management Implications

Over the past 20 years, the demand for fish in the UK has changed markedly. The species prevalent in the consumption mix has altered to reflect the greater availability of farmed species and the decline in some marine-caught species. This paper examines the retail demand for fish in the UK and the implications this has for fisheries policy. A two-stage demand model using a dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is estimated from retail panel data for fish and fish products in Great Britain. ¹ Both conditional and unconditional expenditure, own- and cross-price elasticities of demand are derived from the parameter estimates. Haddock, salmon, flatfish, shellfish, and smoked fish are expenditure elastic, implying that income growth will strongly increase demand for these species. Most species are own-price inelastic, suggesting that policy-driven catch restrictions can increase expenditure on fish and may reduce the short-run incentives of commercial fishermen to comply.
Ieee Transactions on Evolutionary Computation Coevolving Game-playing Agents: Measuring Performance and Intransitivities

—Coevolution is a natural choice for learning in problem domains where one agent's behaviour is directly related to the behaviour of other agents. However, there is a known tendency for coevolution to produce mediocre solutions. One of the main reasons for this is cycling, caused by intransitivities among a set of players. In this paper we explore the link between coevolution and games and revisit some of the coevolutionary literature in a games and measurement context. We propose a set of measurements to identify cycling in a population and a new algorithm that tries to minimise cycling in strictly competitive (zero sum) games. We experimentally verify our approach by evolving weighted piece counter value functions to play Othello, a classic two player perfect information board game. Our method was able to find extremely strong value functions of this type.
Variations in fresh fruit and vegetable quality by store type, urban–rural setting and neighbourhood deprivation in Scotland

Abstract Objective Neighbourhood differences in access to fresh fruit and vegetables may explain social inequalities in diet. Investigations have focused on variations in cost and availability as barriers to the purchase and consumption of fresh produce; investigations of quality have been neglected. Here we investigate whether produce quality systematically varies by food store type, rural–urban location and neighbourhood deprivation in a selection of communities across Scotland. Design Cross-sectional survey of twelve fresh fruit and vegetable items in 288 food stores in ten communities across Scotland. Communities were selected to reflect a range of urban–rural settings and a food retail census was conducted in each location. The quality of twelve fruit and vegetable items within each food store was evaluated. Data from the Scottish Executive were used to characterise each small area by deprivation and urban–rural classification. Setting Scotland. Results Quality of fruit and vegetables within the surveyed stores was high. Medium-sized stores, stores in small town and rural areas, and stores in more affluent areas tended to have the highest-quality fresh fruit and vegetables. Stores where food is secondary, stores in urban settings and stores in more deprived areas tended have the lowest-quality fresh produce. Although differences in quality were not always statistically significant, patterns were consistent for the majority of fruit and vegetable items. Conclusions The study provides evidence that variations in food quality may plausibly be a micro-environmental mediating variable in food purchase and consumption and help partially explain neighbourhood differences in food consumption patterns.
Evaluation of some Methods for Non Response in Environmental Data

When analyzing data from environmental surveys, the researcher must address the issue of how to handle missing data. Methods proposed to solve the missing data problem in estimation procedures should consider the type of missing data, the sampling design used to collect the data, and the availability of auxiliary variables correlated with the process of interest. In this paper, we consider different approaches to handling missing data and study their properties when applied to environmental data.
Sovereign Spread in Emerging Markets: A Principal Component Analysis

We investigates the behavior of daily bond stripped spreads on sovereign bonds for 18 emerging market economies located in Asia, East Europe and Latin America from September 1997 to November 2002. In the emerging market world, financial crises are seen more often than not. An obvious question is whether these events, each associated with a particular country, spread to other countries, regardless of economic fundamentals at that specific point in time. That is, if the ‘simultaneous’ movements that we observe in spreads across emerging market economies are linked to economic fundamentals. We find that the correlation across countries is regionally dominated. Spreads from sovereigns with high savings rates, low indebtedness and good credit ratings are less likely to co-move with spreads where financial crises are being originated.
Money Velocity with Interest Rate Stochastic Volatility and Exact Aggregation

The determinants of money velocity are explored under various assumptions on interest rate uncertainty in a monetary general equilibrium model. It is found that the appearance of velocity function instability can be produced by overlooking interest rate stochastic volatility. In addition, when interest rates are subject to stochastic volatility, velocity is found to follow a nonlinear stochastic process. We conclude that the variances of interest rate stochastic processes are omitted variables in many studies of velocity function behavior.
Analysis and control of a biped line-walking robot for inspection of power transmission lines

The subject of this paper is the analysis and control of a biped line walking robot for inspection of power transmission lines. The novel mechanism enables the center of the robot to concentrate on the hip joint to minimize the drive torque of the hip joint. The mechanical structure of the robot is discussed, as well as forward kinematics. A dynamic model is established in this paper. Locomotion of the line-walking robot is discussed in detail and the line-walking cycle of the designed mechanism is composed of a single-support phase and a double-support phase. Finally, a PD+ gravity compensation method is introduced for the controller design in the single-support phase and a complaint controller with estimated force is implemented during the double-support phase. The feasibility of this concept is then confirmed by performing experiments with a simulated line environment.
Hardware support for compartmentalisation

Compartmentalisation is a technique to reduce the impact of security bugs by enforcing the ‘principle of least privilege’ within applications. Splitting programs into separate components that each operate with minimal access to resources means that a vulnerability in one part is prevented from affecting the whole. However, the performance costs and development effort of doing this have so far prevented widespread deployment of compartmentalisation, despite the increasingly apparent need for better computer security. A major obstacle to deployment is that existing compartmentalisation techniques rely either on virtual memory hardware or pure software to enforce separation, both of which have severe performance implications and complicate the task of developing compartmentalised applications. CHERI (Capability Hardware Enhanced RISC Instructions) is a research project which aims to improve computer security by allowing software to precisely express its memory access requirements using hardware support for bounded, unforgeable pointers known as capabilities. One consequence of this approach is that a single virtual address space can be divided into many independent compartments, with very efficient transitions and data sharing between them. This dissertation analyses the compartmentalisation features of the CHERI Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). It includes: a summary of the CHERI ISA, particularly its compartmentalisation features; a description of a multithreaded CHERI CPU which runs the FreeBSD Operating System; the results of benchmarks that compare the characteristics of hardware supported compartmentalisation with traditional techniques; and an evaluation of proposed optimisations to the CHERI ISA to further improve domain crossing efficiency. I find that the CHERI ISA provides extremely efficient, practical support for compartmentalisation and that there are opportunities for further optimisation if even lower overhead is required in the future.
The Role of EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 Signaling Pathway in Acquired Middle Ear Cholesteatoma

Cholesteatoma is a benign keratinizing and hyper proliferative squamous epithelial lesion of the temporal bone. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the most important cytokines which has been shown to play a critical role in cholesteatoma. In this investigation, we studied the effects of EGF on the proliferation of keratinocytes and EGF-mediated signaling pathways underlying the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. We examined the expressions of phosphorylated EGF receptor (p-EGFR), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), cyclinD1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 40 cholesteatoma samples and 20 samples of normal external auditory canal (EAC) epithelium by immunohistochemical method. Furthermore, in vitro studies were performed to investigate EGF-induced downstream signaling pathways in primary external auditory canal keratinocytes (EACKs). The expressions of p-EGFR, p-Akt, cyclinD1, and PCNA in cholesteatoma epithelium were significantly increased when compared with those of control subjects. We also demonstrated that EGF led to the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway, which played a critical role in EGF-induced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of EACKs. Both EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and PI3K inhibitor wortmannin inhibited the EGF-induced EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway concomitantly with inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression of EACKs. Taken together, our data suggest that the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/cyclinD1 signaling pathway is active in cholesteatoma and may play a crucial role in cholesteatoma epithelial hyper-proliferation. This study will facilitate the development of potential therapeutic targets for intratympanic drug therapy for cholesteatoma.
Dynamic specialization in extended functional language with monotone objects

A notion of a monotone object is introduced. A functional language extended by monotone objects preserves relevant properties that effective metacomputation (supercornpilation and specialization) is based upon. The properties are equifinulity (Church-Rosser property), recomputability and their conjunction idem potency. They are necessary and sufficient for memoizirzg. An object-based language meeting idempotency is called object-functional. A technique of dynamic specialization in object-functional languages is presented.
NeBuST: Low-latency congested sensor data transmission protocol

In wireless sensor networks, sensor data messages are transmitted to a sink node by using wireless multihop transmission with help of intermediate sensor nodes. In event-based sensor networks, no or few sensor data messages are transmitted in usual and burst sensor data messages are required to be transmitted when a sensor detects occurrence of a certain event. It may cause congestion along a multihop transmission route and result in lost messages by buffer-overflow and longer transmission delay. To solve this problem, we propose NeBuST protocol in which congested sensor data messages are buffered not only in the sensor nodes in the route but also in neighbor sensor nodes of the route. Simulation experiments show that the proposed protocol requires shorter transmission delay than the conventional data message buffering only in sensor nodes along the route.
Comparison of Dynamic Lattice Monte Carlo Simulations and the Dielectric Self-Energy Poisson-Nernst-Planck Continuum Theory for Model Ion Channels

Simulations of ion permeation through narrow model cylindrical channels are carried out using a dynamic lattice Monte Carlo (DLMC) algorithm (equivalent to high friction Langevin dynamics) for the time evolution of the ions in the system on the basis of a careful evaluation of the electrostatic forces acting upon each particle. To mimic the process of ion transport through protein channels, the cylindrical channel is embedded in a dielectric slab (representing a lipid bilayer membrane). The protein/membrane structure is taken to be rigid, and the water solvent is treated as a dielectric continuum. Results of these simulations are compared to corresponding results obtained via Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) theory. In the PNP approach, the mobile ions are treated as a continuous charge density, and the electrostatic force on each ion is treated in an approximate fashion. Significant differences between DLMC and PNP results are found, with the degree of discrepancy increasing as the radius of the ion channel is reduced. A major source of error is traced to the neglect in the effective PNP potential of the dielectric self-energy (DSE), which is due to the interaction of each permeant ion with the dielectrically inhomogeneous environment provided by the water/channel/membrane system. When this static single-particle potential is precalculated and added to the effective potential used in PNP theory, substantial improvement in the quality of the results for current -voltage curves and steady-state concentrations is obtained. In fact, the results obtained by this approach, termed dielectric self-energy Poisson Nernst-Planck (DSEPNP) theory, agree nearly quantitatively with DLMC simulation results over the entire range of channel radii (4-12 A) studied.
RESILIENT SUSTAINABLE AUTOMOTIVE STRATEGY DECISION SUPPORT Thirty Month Report

This report covers the period from 1st Oct 2012 to 31 March 2013. During this period 2 major outcomes occurred; the transfer dissertation and the first paper. The dissertation was examined and passed with amendments in November 2012, which led to an addendum report. The first paper was accepted by the Journal of Strategy and Management for publication later this year, with revisions; these are ongoing, expected to finish later in April 2013.
Architecture of Federated Enterprise

A network interface circuit is interconnected to a network terminal to enable the network terminal to communicate with other network terminals on a local terminal network. The network interface circuit includes an RS-485 transceiver including a driver and transmitter function. A status timer 42 controls a status line back to the network so as to indicate to the network terminal when the network is in use. A driver timer is present to automatically enable the driver function of the RS-485 circuit when a start bit is received from the network terminal, the driver timer being designed to insure that RS-485 transmitter function remains active until all the data has been transmitted.
Smart Query Execution for Event-Driven Stream Processing

With the increase of streams, i.e., multimedia surveillance streams, social media streams, sensor data streams, etc., a demand for stream processing has become diverse and complicated. To meet this demand, several stream processing engines have been developed. Event-driven stream processing, which is one of the important requirements, continuously gets the incoming stream data however generates query results only on the occurrence of specified events. In the basic query execution scheme, even when no event is raised, input stream tuples are continuously processed by query operators, though they do not generate any query result. This results in increased system load and wastage of system resources. To cope with this problem, we propose a smart event-driven stream processing scheme, which makes use of smart windows to buffer the incoming stream tuples during the absence of an event. When the event is raised, the buffered tuples are flushed and processed by the downstream operators. If some of the buffered tuples in the smart window expire due to the window size before the occurrence of the event, they are deleted directly from the smart window, resulting in reduced system load and increased system throughput. Extensive experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed smart scheme. For the sake of experiments, a prototype system has been developed capable of processing JSON data and enables users to register CQL style Jaql queries.
Treatment with depleting CD4 monoclonal antibody results in a preferential loss of circulating naive T cells but does not affect IFN-gamma secreting TH1 cells in humans.

CD4(pos) TH1 T cells are considered to play a central role in a number of human autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis. Experimental treatment protocols aimed at selectively eliminating CD4(pos) T cells thus far have yielded disappointing clinical results. Here we analyzed phenotype and function of circulating T cells in multiple sclerosis patients treated with the chimeric CD4 mAb cM-T412 in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, magnetic resonance imaging-monitored phase II trial. Treatment resulted in a long-lasting depletion of CD4(pos) T cells but did not affect CD8(pos) T cell numbers. Analysis of CD4(pos) subpopulations showed that unprimed, CD45RA(pos)/R0(neg) lymphocytes were approximately three times more sensitive to the mAb than primed, CD45RA(neg)/R0(pos) T cells. Notably, within the CD45RA(pos) subset, T cells with phenotypic evidence of prior activation, i.e., expressing Fas, were relatively insensitive to cM-T412, compared with Fas(neg) cells. Remarkably, while a decrease in the number of IL-4-producing T helper 2 (TH2)-type cells in the anti-CD4 treated group was observed, numbers of IFN-gamma-producing T helper 1 (TH1)-type cells remained stable, resulting in a significant increase in the TH1/TH2 ratio. Our data show that treatment with depleting CD4 mAb does not eliminate the cells most strongly involved in the disease process, i.e., primed, IFN-gamma-producing TH1-type cells, and may therefore give an explanation for the lack of beneficial clinical effects of depleting CD4 mAb in human chronic autoimmune disease.
Large Increases in Hypertension Diagnosis and Treatment in Canada After a Healthcare Professional Education Program

This study was conducted to compare the self-reported prevalence and treatment of hypertension in adult Canadians before and subsequent to the implementation of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program in 1999. Data were obtained from 5 cycles of the Canadian Health Surveys between 1994 and 2003 on respondents aged ≥20 years. Piecewise linear regression was used to calculate the average annual increase in rates, before and after 1999. Between 1994 and 2003, the percentage of adult Canadians aware of being diagnosed with hypertension increased by 51% (from 12.37% to 18.74%; P<0.001), and the percentage prescribed antihypertensive drugs increased by 66% (from 9.57% to 15.86%; P<0.001). After 1999, there was approximately a doubling of the annual rate of increase in the diagnosis of hypertension (from 0.52% of the population per year before 1999 to 1.03% per year after 1999; P<0.001) and the percentage prescribed antihypertensive drugs (from 0.54% of the population per year before 1999 versus 0.98% per year after 1999; P<0.001). The proportion of those aware of the diagnosis of hypertension but not being treated with drugs was reduced by half between 1994 and 2003 (from 31.47% untreated to 15.34% untreated; P<0.001). There was a greater increase in awareness of hypertension and use of antihypertensive drugs among men compared with women after 1999. The large increase in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in Canada between 1994 and 2003 is consistent with an overall beneficial effect of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program, including a reduced gender gap in hypertension care.
Characterizing the spiking dynamics of subthalamic nucleus neurons in Parkinson's disease using generalized linear models

Accurately describing the spiking patterns of neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) is important for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and for achieving the maximum therapeutic benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS). We analyze the spiking activity of 24 subthalamic neurons recorded in Parkinson's patients during a directed hand movement task by using a point process generalized linear model (GLM). The model relates each neuron's spiking probability simultaneously to factors associated with movement planning and execution, directional selectivity, refractoriness, bursting, and oscillatory dynamics. The model indicated that while short-term history dependence related to refractoriness and bursting are most informative in predicting spiking activity, nearly all of the neurons analyzed have a structured pattern of long-term history dependence such that the spiking probability was reduced 20–30 ms and then increased 30–60 ms after a previous spike. This suggests that the previously described oscillatory firing of neurons in the STN of Parkinson's patients during volitional movements is composed of a structured pattern of inhibition and excitation. This point process model provides a systematic framework for characterizing the dynamics of neuronal activity in STN.
Ju n 20 03 hep-th / 0306282 Boundary States in IIA Plane-Wave Background

We work out boundary states for Type IIA string theory on a plane wave background. By directly utilizing the channel duality, the induced conditions from the open string boundary conditions are imposed on the boundary states. The resulting boundary states correctly reproduce the partition functions of the open string theory for DpDp and DpDp̄ cases where Dp branes are half BPS brane if located at the origin of the plane wave background. geni@muon.kaist. ac.kr jaemo@physics.postech. ac.kr