Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of higher-order theory of mind in negotiations.

When the outcome of a decision you make depends on the actions of others, it is important to be able to predict those actions. To facilitate this process, people reason about unobservable mental content of others, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions. People can also use this so-called theory of mind recursively, and reason about the way others make use of theory of mind. For example, to understand a sentence such as ‘Alice believes that Bob knows that Carol is throwing him a surprise party’, the reader has to use second-order theory of mind, by reasoning about the way Alice reasons about Bob’s knowledge. Behavioral experiments have demonstrated that people make use of higherorder (i.e. at least second-order) theory of mind [1, 2]. However, the extent to which non-human species are able to use theory of mind of any kind is under debate [3, 4]. The human ability to make use of higher-order theory of mind suggests that there may be settings in which this ability provides individuals with enough of an evolutionary advantage to support the emergence of reasoning about the minds of others, and even to use this ability recursively. One possible explanation is that higher-order theory of mind is needed to engage effectively in mixed-motive interactions [5] such as negotiation. Mixed-motive interactions involve partially overlapping goals, so that these interactions are neither fully cooperative nor fully competitive. In this paper, we make use of agent-based computational models to determine whether the use of higher orders of theory of mind allows agents to reach better outcomes in negotiation, both in terms of individual agent performance as well as in terms of social welfare.
Introduction: crisis in the African family.

This is the introductory chapter in a book that considers how African families are responding to the crisis posed by social change. The chapter notes that the idea that Africa and the African family are in crisis has justifiably received a great deal of mass media attention. The book focuses on changing family life and uses western Kenya and eastern Uganda as case studies. After providing maps of the study areas the chapter posits the idea that families are in decline cautions against equating reminiscences of a past golden age with reality and suggests that family adaptation is simply part of a historically continuous ongoing struggle to order everyday life. The next section considers the usefulness of culture families and households as analytical categories and adopts a wide view of family that acknowledges the connections of blood marriage adoption and a shared psychosocial method of adaptation. The chapter then comments on the books interpretation of the impact on families of economic factors such as colonization delocalization (labor migration) variations in access to resources and modernization. Next the chapter summarizes how the books various chapters cover the adaptive problems posed by the need for subsistence reproduction communication and social regulation as families provide care for children and elderly. The chapter concludes that the problems faced by the study community are universal and that the extent to which family adaptation to social change is successful in these areas offers hope to all.
Initial Rotor Position Estimation for Sensorless Brushless DC Drives

This paper presents a method for determining the initial rotor position of a brushless dc machine at standstill without a position sensor. The key principle of the rotor position estimation is based on the simple detection and comparison of phase voltage and current responses relating to the stator inductance varied with the position of the rotor magnet. In the proposed method, only three voltage-pulse injections are applied, and a 30deg resolution can be achieved. Moreover, no knowledge of machine parameters is required. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experimental results.
Automatic Composition of Semantic Web Services Based on Fuzzy Predicate Petri Nets

Web service composition is a challenging research issue. This paper presents an automatic Web service composition method that deals with both input/output compatibility and behavioral constraint compatibility of fuzzy semantic services. First, user input and output requirements are modeled as a set of facts and a goal statement in the Horn clauses, respectively. A service composition problem is transformed into a Horn clause logic reasoning problem. Next, a Fuzzy Predicate Petri Net (FPPN) is applied to model the Horn clause set, and T-invariant technique is used to determine the existence of composite services fulfilling the user input/output requirements. Then, two algorithms are presented to obtain the composite service satisfying behavioral constraints, as well as to construct an FPPN model that shows the calling order of the selected services.
Optimal data replica placements in linear bus networks

This paper discusses two optimal data replica placement problems in linear bus networks, one is to maximize data availability and the other to minimize data access cost. The optimal placements are constructed for these two problems under read-any/write-all and majority voting protocols, respectively. The obtained results show that these two problems have the same optimal solutions under read dominant, write dominant, and majority voting systems.
Motif-Finding in Trypanosomatids

Various methodologies have been developed and used to locate functional regulatory elements within genomic sequences. These motifs are generally short repeating strings with some amount of permutation, and occur upstream of protein-coding regions, sometimes signaling to transcriptomes the binding sites on the sequence. Locating these short strings are key to understanding the inner workings of the genome, including how and when particular genes may be expressed.
S-Duality and Global Symmetries in N=2 Supersymmetric Field Theory

S-dualities in scale invariant N=2 supersymmetric field theories are derived by embedding those theories in asymptotically free N=2 theories with higher rank gauge groups. S-duality transformations on the coupling of the scale invariant theory follow from global symmetries acting on the Coulomb branch of the higher rank theory. Since these global symmetries are exact in the asymptotically free theory, this shows that S-duality is an exact equivalence of N=2 theories and not just a property of their supersymmetric states.
Probably Approximately Correct Greedy Maximization

Submodular function maximization finds application in a variety of real-world decision-making problems. However, most existing methods, based on greedy maximization, assume it is computation- ally feasible to evaluate F, the function being maximized. Unfortunately, in many realistic settings F is too expensive to evaluate exactly even once. We present probably approximately correct greedy maximization, which requires access only to cheap anytime confidence bounds on F and uses them to prune elements. We show that, with high probability, our method returns an approximately optimal set. We propose novel, cheap confidence bounds for conditional entropy, which appears in many common choices of F and for which it is difficult to find unbiased or bounded estimates. Finally, results on a real-world dataset from a multi-camera tracking system in a shopping mall demonstrate that our approach performs comparably to existing methods, but at a fraction of the computational cost.
Risk Factors for Aborted Cardiac Arrest and Sudden Cardiac Death in Children With the Congenital Long-QT Syndrome

Background— The congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is an important cause of sudden cardiac death in children without structural heart disease. However, specific risk factors for life-threatening cardiac events in children with this genetic disorder have not been identified. Methods and Results— Cox proportional-hazards regression modeling was used to identify risk factors for aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death in 3015 LQTS children from the International LQTS Registry who were followed up from 1 through 12 years of age. The cumulative probability of the combined end point was significantly higher in boys (5%) than in girls (1%; P<0.001). Risk factors for cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death during childhood included corrected QT interval [QTc] duration >500 ms (hazard ratio [HR]; 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50 to 4.92; P=0.001) and prior syncope (recent syncope [<2 years]: HR, 6.16; 95% CI 3.41 to 11.15; P<0.001; remote syncope [≥2 years]: HR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.22 to 5.85; P=0.01) in boys, whereas prior syncope was the only significant risk factor among girls (recent syncope: HR, 27.82; 95% CI, 9.72 to 79.60; P<0.001; remote syncope: HR, 12.04; 95% CI, 3.79 to 38.26; P<0.001). β-Blocker therapy was associated with a significant 53% reduction in the risk of cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death (P=0.01). Conclusions— LQTS boys experience a significantly higher rate of fatal or near-fatal cardiac events than girls during childhood. A QTc duration >500 ms and a history of prior syncope identify risk in boys, whereas prior syncope is the only significant risk factor among girls. β-Blocker therapy is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of life-threatening cardiac events during childhood.
Characteristics of dynamic JVM languages

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) has become an execution platform targeted by many programming languages. However, unlike with Java, a statically-typed language, the performance of the JVM and its Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler with dynamically-typed languages lags behind purpose-built language-specific JIT compilers. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the workloads imposed on the JVM by dynamic languages. We use various metrics to characterize the dynamic behavior of a variety of programs written in three dynamic languages (Clojure, Python, and Ruby) executing on the JVM. We identify the differences with respect to Java, and briefly discuss their implications.
A on-line coherence identifying method based on independent component analysis

For the large interconnected power system, dynamic equivalence could significantly reduce the computing load and manifest the dominant characteristics. Coherent method is one approach of dynamic equivalence and its core is the automatic identification of coherency. Based on the angle perturbed trajectory measured by WAMS, a new coherency recognition method based on Independent Component Analysis is proposed in this paper, which can take advantage of different fault types and the dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems varying characteristics into account. First of all, the power angle collected by WAMS were centralized and whiten and then the angle perturbed trajectory feature was obtained by the FastICA algorithm and the coherent generator groups were identified consequently. This method avoids building of the system model, determining of the system parameters and the model of system operation. The simulations of New England 39-bus system prove the validity of the proposed method. It could give the clustering results accurately.
Apparent loss of urinary albumin during long-term frozen storage: HPLC vs immunonephelometry.

BACKGROUND Urinary albumin detection by immunonephelometry is decreased by approximately 30% in samples that have been frozen at -20 degrees C. An HPLC method for assessment of urinary albumin that detects immunoreactive and immunochemically nonreactive albumin has been introduced as an alternative to immunonephelometry. We investigated whether this technique is affected by sample temperature, particularly freezing. METHODS Urine samples (n = 295) were collected from the general population (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease Study). Samples were assessed by both immunonephelometry and HPLC when fresh and after storage at -20 degrees C for 4, 8, and 12 months and at -80 degrees C for 12 months. RESULTS With immunonephelometry, storage for 4, 8, and 12 months at -20 degrees C resulted in mean (SD) urine albumin changes of -21% (29%), -28% (29%), and -34% (31) (P <0.001 for trend). Storage at -80 degrees C resulted in a 5% (19%) change after 12 months of storage (not significant). With HPLC, storage for 4, 8, and 12 months at -20 degrees C resulted in urine albumin changes of -33% (28%), -43% (24%), and -55% (21%; P <0.001 vs immunonephelometry). Storage at -80 degrees C resulted in a -29% (29%) change (P <0.001 vs immunonephelometry). CONCLUSION Loss of albumin after freezing urine depends not only on freezing temperature but also on detection method. Detection of albumin by immunonephelometry appears to be significantly less influenced by freezing than detection by HPLC. Storage at -80 degrees C appears to prevent loss when using immunonephelometry, whereas HPLC still shows considerable loss even when urine is frozen at -80 degrees C. We propose that for reliable measurement of urine albumin, fresh samples should be used.
Effects of experimental warming on stomatal traits in leaves of maize (Zea may L.)

We examined the warming effects on the stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture size and shape, and their spatial distribution pattern of maize (Zea may L.) leaves using a light microscope, an electron scanning microscope, and geostatistic techniques. A field manipulative experiment was conducted to elevate canopy temperature by 2.08°C, on average. We found that experimental warming had little effect on stomatal density, but significantly increased stomatal index due to the reduction in the number of epidermal cells under the warming treatment. Warming also significantly decreased stomatal aperture length and increased stomatal aperture width. As a result, warming significantly increased the average stomatal aperture area and stomatal aperture circumference. In addition, warming dramatically changed the stomatal spatial distribution pattern with a substantial increase in the average nearest neighbor distance between stomata on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces. The spatial distribution pattern of stomata was scale dependent with regular patterns at small scales and random patterns at larger scales on both leaf surfaces. Warming caused the stomatal distribution to become more regular on both leaf surfaces with smaller L(t) values (Ripley's K-function, L(t) is an expectation of zero for any value of t) in the warming plots than the control plots.
Overcomplete systems of wavelet and related local bases for adaptive signal representation and estimation

In this paper we will discuss the usefulness of overcomplete systems of basis functions, such as wavelets or localized sine and cosine functions, for the adaptive parsimonious representation and estimation of statistical signals which show an inhomogeneous behaviour over time. Typical examples can be found in electrical engineering, sound and speech processing, geophysics, biomedicine, etc. We illustrate this along two methods which aim at estimation of time-dependent autocovariance or spectrum of non-stationary processes: the ”Auto-SLEX” method of Ombao et al (1999) and the approach on ”locally stationary wavelet processes” by Nason et al (1998). Common to both is on one hand the inherent redundancy of the used overcomplete system which is the key to adaptation. On the other hand, to allow for rigorous modeling and statistical estimation, a control of this redundancy is needed which is the price for the flexibility of overcomplete systems in comparison with orthogonal ones. Two different though related possibilities of a controlled overcompleteness will be investigated here: on one hand collections of ortho-basis from which a certain ”best” element (best adapted to the signal) is to be searched for, on the other hand, translation–invariant (and hence overcomplete) representations for the autocovariance function of a possible non–stationary stochastic signal. The idea of using an overcomplete collection (i.e. a ”library”) of orthogonal basis functions to best represent the content of a given signal goes back to Coifman and Wickerhauser (1991). From a general, not necessarily statistical, point of view one tries to match the predominant signal features by a set of ”independent”, i.e. orthogonal, components. This so-called search of a ”Best Basis (BB)”, achieved by a computationally efficient and fast algorithm, has recently been extended to sparsely represent (and subsequently estimate) the characteristic quantities of stochastic signals, such as mean, autocovariance or spectrum. In its original form the BB search is performed over a library of either ”cosine packets” or ”wavelet packets”, i.e. a particularly time-localized Fourier basis or a particularly further frequency-localized wavelet basis. With both, an additional flexibility for a better adapted localized representation of the given signal in the time-frequency plane is achieved compared to a pure Fourier (or sine or cosine) or a pure wavelet expansion. This applies foremost to signals with features simultaneously localised in frequency and in time. The search over the given library of bases elements is performed by maximisation of a given convex cost function (”neg-entropy” criterion) for which several suggestions exist. We will now discuss application of this principle to two special sets of basis functions and will be more detailed in presenting the first method as it is the more recent one.
CHEATING HHRR DEPARTMENTS : AN EXPERIMENT TO DISCOVER DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES IN SELECTION PROCESSES

In this paper we undertake an analysis of gender discrimination in granting job interviews as a means to approximate gender discrimination in finding employment. In order to facilitate our analysis, we undertook a field experiment in the form of a “correspondence test”, in which for a period of six months, in the Madrid labour market, we responded to job offers placed online (for a series of various occupations), sending the same employers pairs of curricula, similar in every aspect but the sex of the candidates. Using the different curricula and the rates of call-backs by the firms, we analyse the level of discrimination in gaining access to job interviews. We study if women are discriminated against in “masculine occupations” or men in traditionally female occupations and at the same time we try to capture the penalization of pregnancy. Finally, we attempted to test the existence of age discrimination that is, using different profile of ages trying to capture the difference of treatment linked to the age of candidates. Once our results have been interpreted, we evaluate policy implications from the perspective of equality between men and women in the workplace in the Spanish market.
Parallel Execution Aware Data Structures

e observation that parallel processing inevitably runs into issues managing data movement is hardly new. e old joke “a supercomputer is an expensive device that transforms a compute-bound problem into an I/Obound problem” now has a new variant: “a manycore processor is a device that transforms a compute-bound problem into a memory bound problem. ” As we enter the multicore and manycore era, data structures which make good use of memory resources become critically important. Fundamentally, parallel processing exerts more pressure on the memory subsystem than serial processing. Datasets in parallel programs tend to be large, multiple cores on each processor must contend for access to one offchip memory, and the memory subsystem is generally responsible for providing a coherent view of the system’s state. All these factors lead to memory subsystem utilization o en becoming the limiting factor in parallel computation, motivating the need for careful construction of data structures to support parallel execution. It is also important to note that instruction execution and data representation are duals of each other. Choosing a data representation o en leads to a particular algorithm or approach, and choosing a particular algorithm or parallel strategy o enhas implications on the kinds of data structures which are used. Since most pa erns for parallel processing focus on nding parallel instruction streams, we will speak in this pa ern as if the parallel execution strategy has been chosen, and the task is to nd a data structure which supports this execution strategy. In reality, the decision o en ows in the reverse direction: a particular data representation can suggest a parallel execution strategy. However, for clarity we assume that a parallel execution strategy has been xed, and our task is to nd a data structure that will allow that execution strategy to be utilized effectively. is task is a crucial one: failure to consider the implications of parallel processing on data structures usually leads to poor performance, and is a prime contributor to the failure of some parallel computations to scale productively to parallel processors, which ultimately reduces the usefulness of parallel processing. erefore, in addition to nding execution parallelism in our computations, we must also consider data structures which support this parallelism.
Planning Effective Educational Programs for Adult Learners

Educational program planning is a complex ongoing process and planners should reflect on and consider for all of the involved factors, context, and people. The purpose of this study is to analyze how to plan effective educational programs for adult learners. Adult education is a developmental process and interacts with broad social events. Adult educators should be encouraged to look at events occurring in a larger context for program development. Program planners should consider adult learners’ needs and interests to ensure program development and pedagogical approaches incorporate students’ needs, expectations and experience into educational program.
Low adaptation delay in fixed point LMS adaptive filter for DSP applications

The Partial Product Generator (PPG) is used to achieve lower adaptation delay and area delay power efficient implementation. A pipelining operation is constructed in two combinational blocks. It has two structures (1) Error Computation Block and (2) Weight Update block. The number of pipelines along with the area, delay and energy consumption is reduced using an adaptive filter. In LMS (Least Mean Square) adaptive filter has less area delay product and less energy product compare with previous systolic structures for various filter length. In LMS algorithm pipelined implementation is not allowed because of the presence of recursive filter so it modified from delayed LMS to allow pipelined implementation to get better performance, area, and delay.