Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining Recurring Concepts in a Dynamic Feature Space

Most data stream classification techniques assume that the underlying feature space is static. However, in real-world applications the set of features and their relevance to the target concept may change over time. In addition, when the underlying concepts reappear, reusing previously learnt models can enhance the learning process in terms of accuracy and processing time at the expense of manageable memory consumption. In this paper, we propose mining recurring concepts in a dynamic feature space (MReC-DFS), a data stream classification system to address the challenges of learning recurring concepts in a dynamic feature space while simultaneously reducing the memory cost associated with storing past models. MReC-DFS is able to detect and adapt to concept changes using the performance of the learning process and contextual information. To handle recurring concepts, stored models are combined in a dynamically weighted ensemble. Incremental feature selection is performed to reduce the combined feature space. This contribution allows MReC-DFS to store only the features most relevant to the learnt concepts, which in turn increases the memory efficiency of the technique. In addition, an incremental feature selection method is proposed that dynamically determines the threshold between relevant and irrelevant features. Experimental results demonstrating the high accuracy of MReC-DFS compared with state-of-the-art techniques on a variety of real datasets are presented. The results also show the superior memory efficiency of MReC-DFS.
Palm-print recognition algorithm based on random projection and chaotic system

To improve the efficiency and security of palm-print recognition, we proposed a palm-print algorithm which based on random projection and chaotic system. Using twice random projections based on chaotic system to process the palm-print image, it generated the random project matrix and palm-print which are equivalent to two-factor identity authentications. And the initial value of chaotic system also could be the key to protect the security of palm-print. Reducing the dimensionality of the transformation matrix which could be produced randomly and the transformation matrix was not depend on the original training sample completely. In addition, the process of producing the random project matrix is simple and has lower computational complexity. And users could change the key by regain the new random project matrix to protect their privacy.
Reversible Loss of Bernal Stacking during the Deformation of Few-Layer Graphene in Nanocomposites

The deformation of nanocomposites containing graphene flakes with different numbers of layers has been investigated with the use of Raman spectroscopy. It has been found that there is a shift of the 2D band to lower wavenumber and that the rate of band shift per unit strain tends to decrease as the number of graphene layers increases. It has been demonstrated that band broadening takes place during tensile deformation for mono- and bilayer graphene but that band narrowing occurs when the number of graphene layers is more than two. It is also found that the characteristic asymmetric shape of the 2D Raman band for the graphene with three or more layers changes to a symmetrical shape above about 0.4% strain and that it reverts to an asymmetric shape on unloading. This change in Raman band shape and width has been interpreted as being due to a reversible loss of Bernal stacking in the few-layer graphene during deformation. It has been shown that the elastic strain energy released from the unloading of the inner graphene layers in the few-layer material (∼0.2 meV/atom) is similar to the accepted value of the stacking fault energies of graphite and few layer graphene. It is further shown that this loss of Bernal stacking can be accommodated by the formation of arrays of partial dislocations and stacking faults on the basal plane. The effect of the reversible loss of Bernal stacking upon the electronic structure of few-layer graphene and the possibility of using it to modify the electronic structure of few-layer graphene are discussed.
Challenging the dogma: the hidden layer of non-protein-coding RNAs in complex organisms.

The central dogma of biology holds that genetic information normally flows from DNA to RNA to protein. As a consequence it has been generally assumed that genes generally code for proteins, and that proteins fulfil not only most structural and catalytic but also most regulatory functions, in all cells, from microbes to mammals. However, the latter may not be the case in complex organisms. A number of startling observations about the extent of non-protein-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcription in the higher eukaryotes and the range of genetic and epigenetic phenomena that are RNA-directed suggests that the traditional view of the structure of genetic regulatory systems in animals and plants may be incorrect. ncRNA dominates the genomic output of the higher organisms and has been shown to control chromosome architecture, mRNA turnover and the developmental timing of protein expression, and may also regulate transcription and alternative splicing. This paper re-examines the available evidence and suggests a new framework for considering and understanding the genomic programming of biological complexity, autopoietic development and phenotypic variation.
The EEG in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Introduction Osteogenesis imperfecta (0.1.), perhaps better known as "Brittle Bone Disease," is an uncommon heritable disorder of connective tissue with an incidence of approximately 1 in 50,000 (1). The more severe or "congenita" form of the illness is characterized often by multiple intrauterine or perinatal fractures, blue sclera, severe deformities, dwarfism, and deafness. There is a less severe or "tarda" form that is usually milder and begins later in childhood (2,3). There is evidence of a generalized metabolic disturbance with a mild hypermetabolic state in young patients with severe 0.1. , as manifested by increased O2 consumption, mild hyperthermia with excessive sweating, increased serum thyroxine levels, and impaired platelet function with easy bruisability (4-7). Inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is elevated in bone, serum, and urine of patients with active 0.1. (8-10) which is thought to be related to increased breakdown of ATP as a result of the hypermetabolic state. Elevated amniotic fluid PPi is also found prenatally in affected pregnancies (11). There is some evidence that oral magnesium oxide (MgO) in a dose range from 10 mg to 20 mg/kg daily may help to decrease certain signs of the hypermetabolic state (8). This dose level is not sufficient to increase serum Mg++ levels above the normal range (10). During the past several years we have evaluated a number of patients at the 0.1. Clinic at the University of Colorado Medical Center. Since some of our early observations suggested that abnormal EEGs may occur with unusual frequency in patients with 0.1. who remain otherwise free of neurological symptoms or signs, our clinic evaluations have included a routine clinical EEG. The present report summarizes our findings to date on 94 EEGs recorded from 56 subjects with 0.1. We have found a rather surprising incidence of borderline or abnormal EEGs, especially involving focal paroxysmal discharges. It is possible that EEG findings in an individual with osteogenesis imperfecta may have different clinical implications than a similar EEG in a non-O.1. individual.
Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice (review)

identities that are important for working with diverse student populations. As with the first edition, it is written in a manner similar to a literature review with realistic case studies framing each chapter, and often critiques, applications, and suggestions for research. Given the varied approaches to thinking about student development and relationships among student development theories, the authors were wisely transparent in discussing how they structured this book, especially what to include and what to omit from the first edition. Although impossible to discuss all of the theories in detail, the decisions the authors made regarding structure result in a text that, through its breadth, grounds student development theory in its roots and highlights contemporary conceptualizations, research, and applications. Setting the context, part 1 defines stu­ dent development theory, provides a historical overview of student development within student affairs, and offers some considerations regarding the application of student development theory. Part 2 reviews what the authors describe as “foundational theories,” including psychosocial, cognitive­structural, and learning style. Through the use of the term foundational rather than something along the lines of historical, the authors show welcome respect for the enduring contributions of these theories to the profession. The foundational theories described in these five chapters, including Erikson, Marcia, Josselson, Chickering and Reisser, Perry, Kohlberg, Rest, Gilligan, Belenky and colleagues, Baxter Magolda, King and Kitchener, and Kolb, comprised much of the first edition. Offering a preview of topics discussed in more depth in later chapters, they Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice (Second Edition) Nancy J. Evans, Deanna S. Forney, Florence M. Guido, Lori D. Patton, Kristen A. Renn San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2009, 480 pages, $60.00 (hardcover)
Meloxicam in acute UV dermatitis — a pilot study

The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) meloxicam is a preferential cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) antagonist. The UV protective potential of this drug was studied to compare it with the reported beneficial effects of such preferentially COX‐1 specific NSAIDs as indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid in the literature. In a pilot study (open‐label, non‐randomized, non‐controlled, unblinded), 10 patients received UV irradiation with the minimal erythema dose (MED), first with meloxicam (7.5 mg/die) to reduce post‐operative pain and second without ingestion of meloxicam. The factor of UV protection was evaluated. In six of ten patients meloxicam showed no benefit, whereas four of ten patients had a 1.3‐ up to 3‐fold UV protection. In this study, the benefit in UV protection of meloxicam as a prefential COX‐2 antagonist was not above the reported benefit of the “old” COX‐1 inhibiting NSAIDS.
Analyzing the Anatomy of Integrin Adhesions

The spatial organization of integrin adhesions provides insight into their molecular functions. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is necessary for fundamental cellular processes such as survival, migration, and differentiation. Adhesion is mediated by integrin receptors, which recruit multiprotein adhesion complexes to sites of attachment to the ECM. Adhesion complexes provide a structural connection between the ECM and cytoskeleton, transmit mechanical force, and act as signaling hubs to control cell behavior. Recent high-resolution imaging studies of adhesion sites reveal some aspects of their spatial organization and provide insights into their function at the molecular level.
Tetraspanin CD9 Limits Mucosal Healing in Experimental Colitis

Tetraspanins are a family of proteins with four transmembrane domains that associate between themselves and cluster with other partner proteins, conforming a distinct class of membrane domains, the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs). These TEMs constitute macromolecular signaling platforms that regulate key processes in several cellular settings controlling signaling thresholds and avidity of receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of CD9, a tetraspanin that regulates major biological processes such as cell migration and immunological responses, in two mouse models of colitis that have been used to study the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous in vitro studies revealed an important role in the interaction of leukocytes with inflamed endothelium, but in vivo evidence of the involvement of CD9 in inflammatory diseases is scarce. Here, we studied the role of CD9 in the pathogenesis of colitis in vivo. Colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a chemical colitogen that causes epithelial disruption and intestinal inflammation. CD9−/− mice showed less severe colitis than wild-type counterparts upon exposure to DSS (2% solution) and enhanced survival in response to a lethal DSS dose (4%). Decreased neutrophil and macrophage cell infiltration was observed in colonic tissue from CD9−/− animals, in accordance with their lower serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and other proinflammatory cytokines in the colon. The specific role of CD9 in IBD was further dissected by transfer of CD4+ CD45RBhi naive T cells into the Rag1−/− mouse colitis model. However, no significant differences were observed in these settings between both groups, ruling out a role for CD9 in IBD in the lymphoid compartment. Experiments with bone marrow chimeras revealed that CD9 in the non-hematopoietic compartment is involved in colon injury and limits the proliferation of epithelial cells. Our data indicate that CD9 in non-hematopoietic cells plays an important role in colitis by limiting epithelial cell proliferation. Future strategies to repress CD9 expression may be of therapeutic benefit in the treatment of IBD.
Robust ITD error estimation for crosstalk cancellation systems with a microphone-based head-tracker

Previously, we proposed a crosstalk cancellation system with a microphone-based head-tracker. The head-tracker estimates the orientation of the head using the interaural time difference (ITD) error between the desired binaural signal and the signals at the microphones, which are placed near the listener's ears. In the presence of noise and multiple virtual sound sources, simple cross-correlation based techniques will fail to find the true ITD error value. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the ITD error from multiple competing sources in a noisy environment. We use relative transfer functions (RTFs) to estimate the ITD error in subbands and apply a weighting function based not only on the coherence, but also on the magnitude of the RTFs in each subband. Experiments show that in the presence of multiple sources and noise, the proposed weighting function yields better results compared to a weighting function that depends only on the coherence.
QCA multiplexer based design of reversible ALU

The QCA (Quantum-dot Cellular Automata) based reversible logic is gaining its prominence in digital circuit for energy efficient computations with high device density. This work targets design of reversible ALU in QCA framework. The design is based on the 2:1 QCA multiplexer introduced in this paper. The proposed ALU satisfies the requirement of high device density as well as the energy efficiency in terms of computing power. Experimental results establish the significant improvements in the design level over that of conventional design approaches.
An experimental methodology to evaluate energy efficiency and performance in an enterprise virtualized environment

omputing servers generally have a narrow dynamic power range. For instance, even completely idle servers consume between 50% and 70% of their peak power. Since the usage rate of the server has the main influence on its power consumption, energy-efficiency is achieved whenever the utilization of the servers that are powered on reaches its peak. For this purpose, enterprises generally adopt the following technique: consolidate as many workloads as possible via virtualization in a minimum amount of servers (i.e. maximize utilization) and power down the ones that remain idle (i.e. reduce power consumption). However, such approach can severely impact servers' performance and reliability. In this paper, we propose a methodology to determine the ideal values for power consumption and utilization for a server without performance degradation. We accomplish this through a series of experiments using two typical types of workloads commonly found in enterprises: TPC-H and SPECpower ssj2008 benchmarks. We use the first to measure the amount of queries responded successfully per hour for different numbers of users (i.e. Throughput@Size) in the VM. Moreover, we use the latter to measure the power consumption and number of operations successfully handled by a VM at different target loads. We conducted experiments varying the utilization level and number of users for different VMs and the results show that it is possible to reach the maximum value of power consumption for a server, without experiencing performance degradations when running indi- vidual, or mixing workloads.
A −78dBm sensitivity super-regenerative receiver at 96 GHz with quench-controlled metamaterial oscillator in 65nm CMOS

One high-sensitivity CMOS superregenerative receiver is demonstrated for 96GHz mm-wave imaging based on high-Q metamaterial oscillator. Compared to traditional LC-tank based oscillator, the metamaterial oscillator is developed by folded-differential transmission-line loaded complimentary split-ring resonator (FDTLCSRR). With formed sharp stop-band, standing-wave is established with high EM-energy storage at mm-wave region for high-Q oscillatory amplification. As such, one high-sensitivity 96 GHz super-regenerative receiver is realized in 65nm CMOS with measurement results of: -78 dBm sensitivity, 0.67 fW/Hz0.5 NEP, 8.5 dB NF, 2.8mW power consumption and 0.014 mm2 core area.
Import of Carrier Proteins into Mitochondria

Abstract Carrier proteins located in the inner membrane of mitochondria are responsible for the exchange of metabolites between the intermembrane space and the matrix of this organelle. All members of this family are nuclear-encoded and depend on translocation machineries for their import into mitochondria. Recently many new translocation components responsible for the import of carrier proteins were identified. It is now possible to describe a detailed import pathway for this class of proteins. This review highlights the contribution made by translocation components to the process of carrier protein import into mitochondria.
Drag reduction: enticing turbulence, and then an industry

We examine drag-reduction proposals, as presented in this volume and in general, first with concrete examples of how to bridge the distance from pure science through engineering to what makes inventions go into service; namely, the value to the public. We point out that the true drag reduction can be markedly different from an estimate based simply on the difference between turbulent and laminar skin friction over the laminarized region, or between the respective skin frictions of the baseline and the riblet-treated flow. In some situations, this difference is favourable, and is due to secondary differences in pressure drag. We reiterate that the benefit of riblets, if it is expressed as a percentage in skin-friction reduction, is unfortunately lower at full-size Reynolds numbers than in a small-scale experiment or simulation. The Reynolds number-independent measure of such benefits is a shift of the logarithmic law, or ‘ΔU+’. Anticipating the design of a flight test and then a product, we note the relative ease in representing riblets or laminarization in computational fluid dynamics, in contrast with the huge numerical and turbulence-modelling challenge of resolving active flow control systems in a calculation of the full flow field. We discuss in general terms the practical factors that have limited applications of concepts that would appear more than ready after all these years, particularly riblets and laminar-flow control.
Toward an Open-Access Global Database for Mapping, Control, and Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases

Background After many years of general neglect, interest has grown and efforts came under way for the mapping, control, surveillance, and eventual elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Disease risk estimates are a key feature to target control interventions, and serve as a benchmark for monitoring and evaluation. What is currently missing is a georeferenced global database for NTDs providing open-access to the available survey data that is constantly updated and can be utilized by researchers and disease control managers to support other relevant stakeholders. We describe the steps taken toward the development of such a database that can be employed for spatial disease risk modeling and control of NTDs. Methodology With an emphasis on schistosomiasis in Africa, we systematically searched the literature (peer-reviewed journals and ‘grey literature’), contacted Ministries of Health and research institutions in schistosomiasis-endemic countries for location-specific prevalence data and survey details (e.g., study population, year of survey and diagnostic techniques). The data were extracted, georeferenced, and stored in a MySQL database with a web interface allowing free database access and data management. Principal Findings At the beginning of 2011, our database contained more than 12,000 georeferenced schistosomiasis survey locations from 35 African countries available under http://www.gntd. org. Currently, the database is expanded to a global repository, including a host of other NTDs, e.g. soil-transmitted helminthiasis and leishmaniasis. Conclusions An open-access, spatially explicit NTD database offers unique opportunities for disease risk modeling, targeting control interventions, disease monitoring, and surveillance. Moreover, it allows for detailed geostatistical analyses of disease distribution in space and time. With an initial focus on schistosomiasis in Africa, we demonstrate the proof-of-concept that the establishment and running of a global NTD database is feasible and should be expanded without delay.
Respiratory modulation on the time span and amplitude indices of Electrocardiogram and Photoplethysmogram

The fluctuation of heart rate within each respiratory cycle that called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is often observed in healthy persons. The present study investigated the respiratory modulation on the time span and amplitude indices of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmogram (PPG). Totally 25 time span and amplitude indices from ECG of lead V5 and PPG of left finger were extracted from 32 healthy subjects during a controlled respiration test with breathing frequency at 0.09 Hz, 0.17 Hz, 0.25 Hz and 0.32 Hz in orderly sequence, and a respiratory effort signal was simultaneously recordings by inductance Plethysmography. The fundamental respiratory frequency (FRF) during the breathing-controlled sections was obtained from the spectrum of respiratory effort signal. Then the mean absolute error between FRF and the estimated respiratory frequency (ERF) derived from the 25 indices was calculated. The mean absolute errors of diastole-related indices between ERF and FRF from all subjects were smaller than 1 mHz during the breathing-controlled sections, which were smaller than that of PTT-related indices and amplitude indices, as the first seven indices with smallest estimated error of respiratory frequency were all diastole-related indices. In conclusion, both time span and amplitude indices of ECG and PPG are modulated by respiration. And the respiratory modulation on diastole-related indices is more prominent than that on PTT-related indices and amplitude indices.