Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Infant Vocal Distress

An infant's cry is one of the most emotionally salient sounds in our environment. Depression is known to disrupt a mother's ability to respond to her infant, but it is not well-understood why such difficulties arise. One reason might be that depression disrupts the perceptual abilities necessary to interpret infant's affective cues. Given that musicians are known to have enhanced auditory perception, we assessed whether depression and previous musical training can impact on the ability to interpret distress in infant cries, as manipulated by changes in pitch. Depressed participants with musical training demonstrated better discriminative acuity of distress in infant cry bursts compared to those without. Non-depressed participants, with and without musical training, had levels comparable to musicians with depression. We suggest that previous musical training may act as a protective factor that maintains auditory perceptual abilities in the context of depression. These findings have potential implications for the development of novel training interventions to maintain sensitivity to infant vocal cues in individuals with postnatal depression.
Sports Drinks : Basic Science and Practical Aspects

Fundamentals of Sports Nutrition: Application to Sports Drinks, Ronald J. Maugham Water Turnover and Regulation of Fluid Balance, Susan M. Shirreffs and Ronald J. Maughan Physiological and Psychological Detriments of Fluid Intake, Dennis H. Passe Gastric Emptying and Intestinal Absorption of Fluids, Carbohydrates, and Electolytes, John B. Leiper Physiological Responses to Fluid Intake During Exercise, Ronald J. Maughan Metabolic and Performance Responses to Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise, Luis F. Aragon-Vargas Post-Exercise Rehydration and Recovery, Susan M. Shirreffs Formulating Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Drinks for Optimal Efficacy, Robert Murray and John R. Stofan Other Ingredients: Role in the Nutrition of Athletes, Craig A. Horswill Discussion Among Authors, Luis F. Aragon-Vargas, Craig A. Horswill, John B. Leiper, Ronald J. Maughan, Robert Murray, Dennis H. Passe, Susan M. Shirreffs, and John R. Stofan
An empirical study of the intentions of physicians in adopting electronic medical records in rural areas of Taiwan

Currently in healthcare organisations paper-based patient record management faces many challenges. Most hospitals are promoting the full implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). Medical environments change frequently, which makes full acceptance of electronic medical records by physicians an important issue. EMRs solve many of the problems associated with paper records. Despite their advantages, however, EMR systems have not been universally adopted by doctors, and their pattern of use is uncertain. This study combines theory on reasoned action with a technology acceptance model to determine which factors influence physician adaptation of EMR within rural areas of Taiwan. In particular, this study examines the role of external factors, such as professional autonomy, training, and computer self-efficacy. It finds that EMR use is not significantly influenced by feelings towards professional autonomy, but is positively related to levels of training and computer selfefficacy.
Marriage Migration, Patriarchal Bargains, and Wife Abuse

This article contributes to the literature on wife abuse by using the patriarchal bargaining framework, which highlights the issue of agency as women strive to achieve their goals within the constraints of family and culture. Study participants were recent South Asian immigrants to the United States. Narrative analysis revealed that patriarchal constraints in natal families, culture, and expectations of benefits gained through marriage influenced many of the women to migrate for marriage. When husbands enforced extreme patriarchy with abuse, women’s personal efforts to contain abuse were largely ineffective. However, advocacy agency interventions did help some women break out of extreme patriarchy.
Reheating metastable O'Raifeartaigh models

In theories with multiple vacua, reheating to a temperature greater than the height of a barrier can stimulate transitions from a desirable metastable vacuum to a lower energy state. We discuss the constraints this places on various theories and demonstrate that in a class of supersymmetric models this transition does not occur even for arbitrarily high reheating temperature.
Hemodynamic signals of mixed messages during a social exchange

This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize hemodynamic activation patterns recruited when the participants viewed mixed social communicative messages during a common interpersonal exchange. Mixed messages were defined as conflicting sequences of biological motion and facial affect signals that are unexpected within a particular social context (e.g. observing the reception of a gift). Across four social vignettes, valenced facial expressions were crossed with rejecting and accepting gestures in a virtual avatar responding to presentation of a gift from the participant. The results indicate that conflicting facial affect and gesture activated superior temporal sulcus, a region implicated in expectancy violations, as well as inferior frontal gyrus and putamen. Scenarios conveying rejection differentially activated the insula and putamen, regions implicated in embodied cognition, and motivated learning, as well as frontoparietal cortex. Characterizing how meaning is inferred from integration of conflicting nonverbal communicative cues is essential to understand nuances and complexities of human exchange.
The French Revolution and the Psychology of Revolution

In his discussion of the general psychological causes of revolution, LeBon draws detailed illustrations of fundamental points from the French Revolution, especially the period from 1789 to 1800. LeBon's treatment of psychological causes is not confined to crowd actions or to the immediate descriptions of violent episodes in revolutions. He draws upon contemporary French clinical psychology to describe the pathological characteristics of the revolutionary leadership in France and explains many of the events of the period as a consequence of their influence.
A unified view of probabilistic PCA and regularized linear fuzzy clustering

FCM-type fuzzy clustering approaches are closely related to Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and the objective function of fuzzy c-means with regularization by K-L information (KFCM) is optimized by an EM-like algorithm. In this paper, we propose to apply probabilistic PCA mixture models to linear clustering following the discussion on the relationship between local PCA and linear fuzzy clustering. Although the proposed method is kind of the constrained model of KFCM, the algorithm includes the fuzzy c-varieties (FCV) algorithm as a special case, and the algorithm can be regarded as a modified FCV algorithm with regularization by K-L information.
Young people's problem-solving skills and resiliency : the roles of executive functions and private speech in relation to resiliency

In recent years there has been a move towards promoting the well-being and positive outcomes for children and young people who are at risk of or identified with emotional and behavioural difficulties. There has been interest from researchers as to why some young people are able to successfully manage very difficult situations, whilst others are not able cope and may as a result impact on their well-being and overall future outcomes in life. This study aimed to explore the role of executive functions and private speech in relation to resiliency as there has been little previous research exploring these areas together. Using the knowledge of previous research and literature, two research questions were devised; in what ways might executive functioning and young people? s resiliency relate to each other and in what ways does private speech provide insight into young people? s resiliency.This quantitative research made use of a correlation design to explore the relationships between Year 7 students? perceptions of their resiliency and their neurocognitive executive functions. This exploratory study comprised 162 Year 7 students, who completed the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (Prince-Embury, 2007) to identify the students? resiliency profiles. A cross section of students was selected for further investigation. 28 students completed a number of computerised tests to explore their executive functions and their private speech was captured using a video-recorder. The study revealed a number of relationships with particular aspects of executive functioning identified and particular areas of the students? resiliency. However, the extent to which these skills are related or independent of each other is not known. The counter-intuitive findings suggest that there might be other factors which contributed to such findings, including the students? perceptions of their competency and their sense of self-worth. There appeared to be differences in students? use of private speech dependent on their perceived personal strengths and vulnerability. In addition, identification of the students? non-verbal communication and paralanguage enabled greater access to students? emotional reactions to the task situations. This helped to explore the way that the students appeared to be able to cope and manage these tasks and explore their emotional regulation further. These results are discussed in light of previous literature and research evidence and implications for practice and future research highlighted.
The Effects of Anger on Psychomotor Performance in Adults with HIV

ABSTRACT To investigate predictors of cognitive functioning, 46 HIV-positive adults were assessed on physiological, psychomotor, and affective variables. Using age, six mood domains measured by the Profile of Mood States, CD4+ lymphocyte count, and HIV-1 RNA viral count as independent predictors and Trails A and B and Grooved Pegboard as dependent variables of psychomotor performance, stepwise regressions revealed that only anger was a significant predictor of cognitive impairment. Implications for further studies examining the effects of negative affect on psychomotor performance are specified. Suggestions of how cognitive-behavioral stress management can be used as a potential intervention to decrease anger and negative affect and improve mental health and cognition are provided.
Role of Matrix Factorization Model in Collaborative Filtering Algorithm: A Survey

Recommendation Systems apply Information Retrieval techniques to select the online information relevant to a given user. Collaborative Filtering is currently most widely used approach to build Recommendation System. CF techniques uses the user behavior in form of user item ratings as their information source for prediction. There are major challenges like sparsity of rating matrix and growing nature of data which is faced by CF algorithms. These challenges are been well taken care by Matrix Factorization. In this paper we attempt to present an overview on the role of different MF model to address the challenges of CF algorithms, which can be served as a roadmap for research in this area.
Respon Seleksi dan Terkorelasi Sifat Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Puyuh Pada Seleksi Jangka Panjang (Direct and Correlated Responses of Growth and Production Traits in Japanese Quail Following Long-Term Selection)

Respon seleksi dan terkorelasi sifat pertumbuhan dan produksi puyuh pada seleksi jangka panjang, diperoleh dari 38.578 data dua galur puyuh selama 21 generasi seleksi dari tahun 1993 sampai 2001 di Stasiun Penelitian Merbiz, Universitas Martin Luther, Jerman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) menghitung kemajuan genetik berdasarkan respon seleksi dan terkorelasi 2) menduga batas seleksi sifat pertumbuhan dan produksi puyuh pada seleksi jangka panjang. Galur pertama diseleksi berdasarkan sifat bobot telur yang besar, sedangkan galur kedua diseleksi berdasarkan sifat bobot badan yang besar dan telur yang kecil. Respon seleksi dan terkorelasi serta batas seleksi diuji dan diduga menggunakan prosedur analisis regresi logaritma menggunakan program MS-EXEL. Hampir semua sifat yang tidak diseleksi, memiliki korelasi yang positif kecuali sifat jumlah telur selama umur 42 hari sampai 200 hari (JT200). Respon seleksi sifat bobot badan pada umur 42 hari (BB42) lebih tinggi dibandingkan sifat bobot badan pada umur 200 hari (BB200). Respon seleksi BB42 lebih tinggi pada puyuh betina daripada puyuh jantan, sebaliknya pada sifat BB200, respon seleksi lebih tinggi pada puyuh jantan daripada puyuh betina. Respon seleksi untuk sifat bobot telur 12 minggu terakhir masa produksi lebih tinggi dibanding pada sifat bobot telur 11 minggu pertama masa produksi (BT 11). Bahkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemajuan genetik lebih tinggi dicapai pada puyuh galur 2 yang diseleksi berdasarkan sifat bobot telur yang besar daripada galur 1 yang diseleksi berdasarkan sifat bobot badan yang besar dan bobot telur yang kecil. Selama 21 generasi seleksi, kemajuan genetik masih tetap bertahan pada semua sifat yang diseleksi, walaupun kecepatan respon seleksi sudah mulai menurun. Berdasarkan pendugaan batas seleksi dari hasil perhitungan respons seleksi dan terkorelasi selama 100 generasi, seleksi pada bobot telur yang kecil memberikan respon yang lebih kecil jika dibandingkan sifat bobot telur yang besar.
Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution Systems

ABSTRACT The occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are pressing public health problems worldwide, and aquatic ecosystems are a recognized reservoir for ARB. We used culture-dependent methods and quantitative molecular techniques to detect and quantify ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in source waters, drinking water treatment plants, and tap water from several cities in Michigan and Ohio. We found ARGs and heterotrophic ARB in all finished water and tap water tested, although the amounts were small. The quantities of most ARGs were greater in tap water than in finished water and source water. In general, the levels of bacteria were higher in source water than in tap water, and the levels of ARB were higher in tap water than in finished water, indicating that there was regrowth of bacteria in drinking water distribution systems. Elevated resistance to some antibiotics was observed during water treatment and in tap water. Water treatment might increase the antibiotic resistance of surviving bacteria, and water distribution systems may serve as an important reservoir for the spread of antibiotic resistance to opportunistic pathogens.
Example-based robust outlier detection in high dimensional datasets

Detecting outliers is an important problem. Most of its applications typically possess high dimensional datasets. In high dimensional space, the data becomes sparse which implies that every object can be regarded as an outlier from the point of view of similarity. Furthermore, a fundamental issue is that the notion of which objects are outliers typically varies between users, problem domains or, even, datasets. In this paper, we present a novel robust solution which detects high dimensional outliers based on user examples and tolerates incorrect inputs. It studies the behavior of projections of such a few examples, to discover further objects that are outstanding in the projection where many examples are outlying. Our experiments on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the ability of the proposed method to detect outliers corresponding to the user examples.
The Central Element Protein ZEP1 of the Synaptonemal Complex Regulates the Number of Crossovers during Meiosis in Rice[C][W][OA]

This work identifies ZEP1, a rice protein required for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis. It finds that, in rice, the number of crossovers between homologous chromosomes is increased in the absence of synapsis, emphasizing the idea that the role of synapsis in crossover formation has diverged among different organisms. ZEP1, a transverse filament (TF) protein, is the rice (Oryza sativa) homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ZYP1. In the Tos17-insertional zep1 mutants, homologous chromosomes align along the entire length of the chromosome, but the synaptonemal complex is not assembled in early prophase I. Crossovers are well formed, and 12 bivalents could be detected from diakinesis to metaphase I, which leads to equal chromosomal segregation in anaphase I. Moreover, the number of crossovers has a tendency to be increased compared with that in the wild type. These phenomena are different from the TF mutants identified so far in other organisms. Chiasma terminalization of the bivalent, which occurs frequently in the wild type, seldom occurred in zep1. Transmission electron micrographs and immunodetection using an antibody against ZEP1 showed that ZEP1 is the central element of the synaptonemal complex. Although PAIR2 and MER3 were loaded normally in zep1, their dissociation was delayed severely compared with the wild type. In addition, ZEP1 is reloaded onto chromosomes in early microspores as the chromosome decondense, suggesting that ZEP1 might have other biological functions during this process.
The claudin‐16 channel gene is transcriptionally inhibited by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D

What is the central question of this study? In the kidney, the bulk of the filtered Mg2+ is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by paracellular conductance, mediated by the tight junction protein, claudin‐16, which is encoded by the gene CLDN16. The role of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2VitD] in renal Mg2+ handling is unclear. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of 1,25(OH)2VitD on claudin‐16‐mediated Mg2+ transport. What is the main finding and its importance? Paracellular, claudin‐16‐mediated Mg2+ transport is transcriptionally repressed by 1,25(OH)2VitD, probably via a Ca2+‐sensing receptor‐dependent mechanism. This renal effect of 1,25(OH)2VitD may serve as an adaptive mechanism to the 1,25(OH)2VitD‐induced enteric hyperabsorption of dietary Mg2+.
What is the Risk for Metabolic Syndrome in Police Officers?

The report by Jayakrishnan and colleagues[1] in this Journal is noteworthy since it provides an assessment of the presence of the metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular risk factors in one of the largest, if not the largest, cohort of police officers to date. Two aspects of this research especially warrant comment. First, despite the large cohort of offices assessed in the aforementioned study, it remains unclear whether police officers have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to civilians. Jayakrishnan et al.[1] did not have a local civilian group with which to compare these officers and the state within which the study was performed, Kerala, has a markedly higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors than India as a whole. [2] Consequently, the high risk seen in this group of officers may simply reflect the local populace. However, the authors’ comparisons to relevant publications and other Indian police assessments[3] suggest that Indian police officers may, indeed, have an increased prevalence of some of the component risk factors. In contrast, studies of police officers from other nations suggest that officers may have a lower prevalence. For example, Yoo and colleagues[4] summed data from several U.S. cohorts and concluded that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was lower than the national average. Thus, the medical and research communities should be cautious in assuming police officers are at an increased risk for the metabolic syndrome. Second, the findings of Jayakrishnan and colleagues[1] strongly suggest that metabolic syndrome likely results from inappropriate lifestyle choices and modifiable behaviors. Poor eating habits and physical inactivity are major contributors to both metabolic syndrome and the component risk factors that make up metabolic syndrome. It is noteworthy, and of relevance to police officers, that psychosocial stress may play a role in the development of metabolic syndrome independent of these lifestyle choices. [5] Thus, members of stressful occupations may be an increased risk. Of course, as discussed by Jayakrishnan and coworkers,[1] the management of metabolic syndrome centers around facilitating at-risk subjects making the appropriate lifestyle choices that will reduce both their risk for metabolic syndrome as well as their global risk for cardiovascular diseases. This applies to anyone, whether the subject is a police officer or not. However, due diligence may need to be given to aspects of the subject's occupation, such as work stress, that may also be contributing to this risk.
Internalization of the Kv1.4 Potassium Channel Is Suppressed by Clustering Interactions with PSD-95*

The contribution of voltage-dependent ion channels to nerve function depends upon their cell-surface distributions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying channel localization are poorly understood. Two phenomena appear particularly important: the clustering of channels by membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), such as PSD-95, and the regional stabilization of cell-surface proteins by differential suppression of endocytosis. Could these phenomena be related? To test this possibility we examined the effect of PSD-95 on the internalization rate of Kv1.4 K+ channels in transfected HEK293 cells using cell-surface biotinylation assays. When expressed alone Kv1.4 was internalized with a half-life of 87 min, but, in the presence of PSD-95, Kv1.4 internalization was completely suppressed. Immunochemistry and electrophysiology showed PSD-95 had little effect on total or cell-surface levels of Kv1.4 or on current amplitude, activation, or inactivation kinetics. Clustering was necessary and sufficient to suppress Kv1.4 internalization since C35S-PSD-95, a mutant reported to bind but not cluster Kv1.4, (confirmed by imaging cells co-expressing a functional, GFP-variant-tagged Kv1.4) restored and, surprisingly, enhanced the rate of Kv1.4 internalization (t 1 2 = 16 min). These data argue PSD-95-mediated clustering suppresses Kv1.4 internalization and suggest a fundamentally new role for PSD-95, and perhaps other MAGUKs, orchestrating the stabilization of channels at the cell-surface.
Occam's Razor Explains Matthew Effect

Sociologists of science noticed that the results of many collaborative projects and discoveries are often attributed only to their most famous collaborators, even when the contributions of these famous collaborators were minimal. This phenomenon is known as the Matthew effect, after a famous citation from the Gospel of Matthew. In this article, we show that Occam’s razor provides a possible explanation for the Matthew effect. 1 Matthew Effect: A Brief Description In the 1960s, Robert K. Merton, a sociologist of science, observed that there is a tendency to remember only the most famous contributors to a collaborative project, even when the contribution of these famous contributors was minimal. As a result, the famous researchers become even more famous, while others are largely forgotten [3]. He called this phenomenon Matthew effect, after a citation from the Gospel of Matthew 25:29: “For whoever has will be given more, and they will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what they have will be taken from them. ” This phenomenon has been observed in many areas of science. For example, it has recently been emphasized in an article about the contribution of female scientists to computing which was published in Communications of the ACM, the main Computer Science magazine [1]. 2 How Can We Explain the Matthew Effect? Our knowledge decays with time. In the beginning, we may be well aware of the contributions of different scientists to a project. However, as time goes by, we tend to forget the details – and this explains why with time, our perception of contributions of different scientists changes. To understand why these changes follow the Matthew-effect pattern, let us describe the knowledge decay in precise terms.