Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Passive Radar Source Localization Based on PSAAA Using Single Small Size Aircraft

This paper considers the problem of how to accurately and passively localise the hostile radar position based on only one small size aircraft. Inspired by Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and multi-static passive radar, a similar concept of Passive Synthetic Aperture Antenna Array (PSAAA) is introduced into this paper. The same single receiver carried by one small aircraft is virtually taken as PSAAA element at different flight track positions at multiple different moments. Taking full advantages of aircraft space movement and radar antenna circular rotation, it is proposed an effective method to estimate the Virtual Time Differences of Arrival (VTDOAs). The VTDOAs are the passive localization information defined as the time differences of the radar pulse transmission from the radar position to different virtual receivers. Based on the VTDOAs estimation, we propose a construction method for the binary quadratic localization equation group, and then a closed-form solution algorithm is given for passive radar position estimation. Simulations corroborate the performance of the proposed methods.
Is there a role for hyperoxia in the management of severe traumatic brain injury?

The pathophysiological features of neurotrauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury, involve a primary mechanical injury that reflects the complex interplay of contusion, compression, and shear and rotational forces as well as a series of vascular, metabolic, molecular, and inflammatory processes that synergistically culminate in a process termed secondary injury. 2,5,8,9 Although improved outcomes after TBI have occurred due to the use of restraint systems in automobiles, protocol-driven critical care management, and judicious use of decompressive surgery, no significant attenuation of secondary injury mechanisms has yet occurred in the clinical setting, despite promising data from animal models. There are persuasive data implicating mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed apoptosis or programmed cell death in the pathobiological mechanisms of neuronal cell death after TBI. Based on some animal models and preliminary clinical data, it has been postulated that impairments in oxygen delivery and extraction could be involved in the mechanism of posttraumatic mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons. 1,7
The annual cycle of the western boundary current in the Gulf of Mexico

It has been known for decades that the mean circulation in the western Gulf of Mexico is a large anticyclone. This flow is driven both by wind stress curl and detached rings from the Loop Current. This paper is an attempt to examine their relative importance by focusing on the annual cycle of the observed flow. A new compilation of ship drift data shows that the flow along the western boundary is strongest in July and weakest in October. It appears physically plausible that the annual variation of this western boundary current is driven by the annual variation in wind curl augmented by Ekman pumping over the western gulf. Because the maximum in wind curl is so close to the western boundary, the phase delay between the annual cycles of curl and current is only approximately 1 month. The magnitudes of the curl and resulting current seem physically plausible. The response is baroclinic and penetrates to ∼1000 m, the bottom of the main thermocline. The change in velocity at the sea surface is consistent with the cross-stream pressure gradient as determined by the changes in sea level at the coast and dynamic height changes offshore. The annual cycle is relatively large; at the annual minimum the flow is only approximately 25% of the maximum. The data suggest that this flow could be driven by wind curl, but the uncertainty is high. Consequently, the contribution of Loop Current rings turns out to be relatively small. The reason for this is that when rings reach the western wall, the steep bottom topography intersects the sloping fluid contours of the rings. The rings decay slowly by normal deepwater processes until they reach the edge of the continental shelf, and then they decay more rapidly by loss of fluid. Once the rings have reached the western boundary, the decay time scale is found to be only ∼ 70 days.
Nature protection in an economically depressed region

We look at perspectives of nature protection in a wetland of international importance in South-Western part of Belarus. The region is economically depressed, which may prove to be a factor in local conservation initiatives. A theoretical model is developed to identify conditions for the local population to get involved in the fen mire conservation projects. The model is then verified by means of a choice experiment administered in villages neighbouring the site. The main outcome of the valuation experiments is to demonstrate that a carefully designed conservation programme is likely to enjoy the support of the local population who appreciates economic opportunities provided by saving the wetland.
Set Graphs VI: Logic Programming and Bisimulation

We analyze the declarative encoding of the set-theoretic graph property known as bisimulation. This notion is of central importance in non-well founded set theory, semantics of concurrency, model checking, and coinductive reasoning. From a modeling point of view, it is particularly interesting since it allows two alternative high-level characterizations. We analyze the encoding style of these modelings in various dialects of Logic Programming. Moreover, the notion also admits a polynomialtime maximum fix point procedure that we implemented in Prolog. Similar graph problems which are NP hard or not yet perfectly classified (e.g., graph isomorphism) can benefit from the encodings presented.
Organizational Coordination in Extreme Events: A Case Study of October '06 Snowstorm in Western New York

Organizational Coordination in Extreme Events: A Case Study of October ’06 Snowstorm in Western New York Rui Chen*, Raj Sharman*, H. Raghav Rao*, Shambhu J. Upadhyaya, Catherine P. Cook-Cottone^ * Management Science & Systems † Computer Science and Engineering ^ Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology State University of New York at Buffalo {ruichen, rsharman, mgmtrao, cpcook}@buffalo.edu, shambhu@cse.buffalo.edu
Successful Learning Styles in Higher ERP Education

Individuals develop different techniques and abilities for learning. Kolb identifies four learning orientations that individuals emphasize: abstract conceptualization, concrete experience, active experimentation and reflective observation. If learning orientations affects the efficiency in which students learn ERP systems in higher education are examined in this study. This is examined through a hypothetical deductive approach where two hypotheses are derived and tested. Quantitative data are collected through a questionnaire survey that was distributed to students at Stockholm University. Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory test is used to determine students learning orientation. The efficiency in which students learn ERP systems is measured by three variables: time spent, progress and problem frequency. In the findings correlations indicate that the learning orientation abstract conceptualization has a relation with the frequency that students encounter problems when working with exercises in ERP systems. Also the learning style active experimentation has a negative correlation with the number of hours students spend in the implementation of the exercises. It is suggested that all four learning orientations should be considered when designing learning environments for ERP systems and if the correlations found are to be used to change the learning environment it should be done with caution.
The Prehistory of the Northwest Coast

The Evolution of Cultural Complexity on the Northwest Coast. The Northwest Coast Cultural Area. History of Archaeological Research. The Initial Colonization of the Northwest Coast. The Emergence of Distinctive Coastal Cultures.The Development of Cultural Complexity. The Achievement of Cultural Complexity. Continuation of the Developed Northwest Coast Pattern. Review of Developments. References. Subject Index.
No lower cognitive functioning in older adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

ABSTRACT Background: Research illustrates cognitive deficits in children and younger adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Few studies have focused on the cognitive functioning in older adults. This study investigates the association between ADHD and cognitive functioning in older adults. Methods: Data were collected in a cross-sectional side study of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). A diagnostic interview to diagnose ADHD was administered among a subsample (N = 231, age 60–94). ADHD symptoms and diagnosis were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) 2.0. Cognitive functioning was assessed with tests in the domains of executive functioning, information processing speed, memory, and attention/working memory. Results: Regression analyses indicate that ADHD diagnosis and ADHD severity were only negatively associated with cognitive functioning in the attention/working memory domain. When adjusting for depression, these associations were no longer significant. Conclusion: The study shows that ADHD in older adults is associated with lower cognitive functioning in the attention/working memory domain. However, this was partly explained by depressive symptoms.
Estimation of Reservoir Pressure And Saturations By Crossplot Inversion of 4D Seismic Attributes

We present a method to simultaneously estimate pressure and saturation changes in a producing hydrocarbon reservoir using time-lapse (4D) seismic attributes. 4D seismic attributes are displayed in a crossplot domain, where pressure and saturation axes can be estimated deterministically or interpretively. These axes form the basis for a linear or nonlinear coordinate transformation to the pressure-saturation domain. A final calibration to production data is required to convert the qualitative results to quantitative estimates of pressure and saturation. Our method is applied to 4D seismic data sets acquired over producing North Sea reservoirs in the Schiehallion and Gullfaks fields.
An Efficient K-Means Clustering by using Combination of Additive and Multiplicative Data Perturbation for Privacy Preserving Data Mining

The collection of digital information by governments, corporations, and individuals has created tremendous opportunities for knowledgeand information-based decision making. Driven by mutual benefits, or by regulations that require certain data to be published, there is a demand for the exchange and publication of data among various parties. Data in its original form, however, typically contains sensitive information about individuals, and publishing such data will violate individual privacy. Privacy preserving data mining (PPDM) tends to transform original data, so that sensitive data are preserved. In this research paper we analysis CAMDP (Combination of Additive and Multiplicative Data Perturbation) technique for kmeans clustering as a tool for privacy-preserving data mining. We can show that K-Means Clustering algorithm can be efficiently applied to the transformed data and produce exactly the same results as if applied to the original data.
Transport into the northern hemisphere lowermost stratosphere revealed by in situ tracer measurements

The Lightweight Airborne Chromatograph Experiment (LACE) has made in situ measurements of several long-lived trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower to middle stratosphere as part of the Observations of the Middle Stratosphere (OMS) balloon program. The tracers measured by LACE include several photolytic species (CFC-11, CFC-12, and halon-1211) as well as SF 6 . LACE measurements of these long-lived tracers as well as nearly simultaneous measurements of water vapor and CO 2 are used to investigate transport into the lowermost stratosphere, a region where few in situ measurements exist. The measured photolytic species and water vapor are used in a simple mass balance calculation to estimate the mixture of tropospheric and overworld (θ > 380 K) air in the lowermost stratosphere. In the northern midlatitudes during September 1996, most of the air in the lowermost stratosphere sampled at the flight location (34.5°N) was transported quasi-isentropically from the troposphere. Measurements from both a May 1998 midlatitude flight and a June 1997 high-latitude flight (64.5°N) revealed the air sampled in the lowermost stratosphere to be dominated by downward advection from the overworld. Atmospheric SF 6 and CO 2 can uniquely reveal timescales and spatial scales of transport due to these species' large growth rates and subsequent latitudinal surface and free tropospheric gradients. Measurements in the lowermost stratosphere from the September northern midlatitude flight coupled with surface measurements of these species revealed a transport timescale of no more than 1.5 months from the surface to the lowermost stratosphere. The SF 6 and CO 2 mixing ratios were also consistent with mostly Northern Hemisphere tropospheric air in the lowermost stratosphere. These results point out the usefulness of high-resolution in situ measurements of long-lived tracers to help determine timescales and spatial scales of transport in the region of the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere.
Improved empirical methods in reinforcement-learning evaluation

OF THE DISSERTATION IMPROVED EMPIRICAL METHODS IN REINFORCEMENT-LEARNING EVALUATION by VUKOSI N. MARIVATE Dissertation Director: Michael L. Littman The central question addressed in this research is ”can we define evaluation methodologies that encourage reinforcement-learning (RL) algorithms to work effectively with real-life data? ” First, we address the problem of overfitting. RL algorithms are often tweaked and tuned to specific environments when applied, calling into question whether learning algorithms that work for one environment will work for others. We propose a methodology to evaluate algorithms on distributions of environments, as opposed to a single environment. We also develop a formal framework for characterizing the ”capacity” of a space of parameterized RL algorithms and bound the generalization error of a set of algorithms on a distribution of RL environments given a sample of environments. Second, we develop a method for evaluating RL algorithms offline using a static collection of data. Our motivation is that real-life applications of
Clonal Astrocytic Response to Cortical Injury

Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of glial cells with multifaceted roles in the central nervous system. Recently, the new method for the clonal analysis Star Track evidenced the link between astrocyte heterogeneity and lineage. Here, we tested the morphological response to mechanical injury of clonally related astrocytes using the Star Track approach, which labels each cell lineage with a specific code of colors. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses at 7 days post injury revealed a variety of morphological changes that were different among distinct clones. In many cases, cells of the same clone responded equally to the injury, suggesting the dependence on their genetic codification (intrinsic response). However, in other cases cells of the same clone responded differently to the injury, indicating their response to extrinsic factors. Thus, whereas some clones exhibited a strong morphological alteration or a high proliferative response to the injury, other clones located at similar distances to the lesion were apparently unresponsive. Concurrence of different clonal responses to the injury reveals the importance of the development determining the astrocyte features in response to brain injuries. These features should be considered to develop therapies that affect glial function.
Staining susceptibility of new calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder) in teeth: a 1-year in vitro study.

AIM To evaluate the staining susceptibility of new calcium aluminate cement (EndoBinder, EB) in teeth, with or without radiopacifying agent, in comparison with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty bovine incisors were used. After biomechanical preparation and filling, 2 mm of their fillings were removed for cervical plug fabrication (n = 10): EB without radiopacifier; EndoBinder + Bismuth Oxide (EBBO); Gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). After teeth restoration, initial color readout was taken (Easyshade - CIE Lab) on the vestibular face. The teeth were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C for 1 year, and after time intervals of 30, 180, and 360 days, new color readouts were taken to determine color alteration (ΔE) in comparison with the initial readout (baseline). RESULTS The results (2-way anova repeated measures, Bonferroni - P < 0.05) demonstrated that after 360 days, all groups presented ΔE above the clinically accepted limit (ΔE ≥ 3.3), however, without significant difference among them (P > 0.05). All groups presented decrease in ΔL values over the course of time, and the greatest variation occurred for WMTA, with significant difference in comparison with EB and EBBO (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Some negative features of MTA, such as the high incidence of dental structures staining justify the development of new materials. GMTA, WMTA, and EB with and without radiopacifying agent displayed color alteration (ΔE) after 360 days; however, the luminosity change (ΔL) was lower in EB in comparison with GMTA and WMTA.
Bursting in Leech Heart Interneurons: Cell-Autonomous and Network-Based Mechanisms

Rhythmic activity within the heartbeat pattern generator of the medicinal leech is based on the alternating bursting of mutually inhibitory pairs of oscillator heart interneurons (half-center oscillators). Bicuculline methiodide has been shown to block mutual inhibition between these interneurons and to cause them to spike tonically while recorded intracellularly (Schmidt and Calabrese, 1992). Using extracellular recording techniques, we show here that oscillator and premotor heart interneurons continue to burst when pharmacologically isolated with bicuculline, although the bursting is not robust in some preparations. We propose that a nonspecific leak current introduced by the intracellular microelectrode suppresses endogenous bursting activity to account for the discrepancy with results using intracellular recording. A two-parameter bifurcation diagram (Eleak vsgleak) of a mathematical model of a single heart interneuron shows a narrow stripe of parameter values where bursting occurs, separating large zones of tonic spiking and silence. A similar analysis performed for a half-center oscillator model outlined a much larger area of bursting. Bursting in the half-center oscillator model is also less sensitive to variation in the maximal conductances of voltage-gated currents than in the single-neuron model. Thus, in addition to ensuring appropriate bursting characteristics such as period, phase, and duty cycles, the half-center configuration enhances oscillation robustness, making them less susceptible to random or imposed changes in membrane parameters. Endogenous bursting, in turn, ensures appropriate bursting if the strength of mutual inhibition is weakened and limits the minimum period of the half-center oscillator to a period near that of the single neuron.
The Prophylactic Effects of Zintoma and Ibuprofen on Post-endodontic Pain of Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction Post endodontic pain is often linked to the inflammatory process as well as additional central mechanisms. The purpose of the present double-blind randomized clinical trial study was to compare the prophylactic effects of a derivative of Zingiber Officinale, Zintoma, and Ibuprofen on post endodontic pain of molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods The post endodontic pain of 72 enrolled patients suffering from irreversible pulpitis was assessed after prophylactic use of 400 mg Ibuprofen, 2 gr Zintoma and placebo. Using the Heft-Parker Visual Analogue Scale, the patients recorded their perceived pain before taking the medicament (baseline), immediately after and also at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post one-visit endodontic treatment. The statistical analysis was done using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Freedman tests (P<0.05). Results At all times, there was significant difference between the Ibuprofen and Zintoma (P<0.05) and also between the Ibuprofen and placebo (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between Zintoma and the placebo in any of time intervals (P>0.05). No side effects were observed. Conclusion The obtained results of the trial revealed that prophylactic use of 2 gr Zintoma is not an effective pain relieving agent.
Slowly activating K+ channels in rat olfactory receptor neurons

Patch-clamp techniques were used to investigate slowly activating, Ca2+-insensitive K+ channels of isolated rat olfactory receptor neurons. These channels had a unitary conductance of 135 pS and were only found in a small proportion (less than 5%) of membrane patches. Upon depolarization to voltages more positive than ‒ 50mV, the channels activated gradually over a period of at least 10 s. When hyperpolarized to negative voltages, channel activity deactivated in a slow but voltage-dependent manner. These channels may underlie a slowly activating K+ current that is observed in approximately 30% of whole-cell recordings. Similar single channels have been reported in smooth muscle cells, but this is the first demonstration of these channels in any type of neuron. The channels may contribute to the spike frequency adaptation and post-stimulus hyperpolarization that are observed during the excitatory response to odorants. They may also contribute to cell repolarization following large odorant-stimulated receptor currents.
A Study on Vocal Separation from Mixtured Music

Recently, According to increasing interest to original sound Karaoke instrument, MIDI type karaoke manufacturer attempt to make more cheap method instead of original recoding method. Separating technique for singing voice from music accompaniment is very useful in such equipment. We propose a system to separate singing voice from music accompaniment for stereo recordings. Our system consists of three stages. The first stage is a spectral change detector. The second stage classifies an input into vocal and non vocal portions by using GMM classifier. The last stage is a selective frequency separation stage. The results of removed by listening test from the results for computer based extraction simulation, spectrogram results show separation task successfully. Listening test with extracted MR from proposed system show vocal separating and removal task successfully.