Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium deficiency and food deprivation improve the response of chickens to acute heat stress.

The tolerance of chickens to acute heat stress may be modified by diet. Broiler chickens fed calcium-adequate (0.90% Ca) or -deficient (0.45% or 0.15% Ca) diets were either fed or not fed for 24 h and exposed to increasing temperatures (from 24 to 41 degrees C). Diets were fed for 7 d before heat stress in Experiment 1 and for 14 d before heat stress in Experiment 2. Body temperature, blood ionized Ca, pH, pCO2, plasma inorganic phosphate and total Ca were determined. During heat stress, Ca+2 and inorganic phosphate were depressed in all treatments. Feeding the 0.45% Ca diet for 7 d reduced hyperthermic body temperature of fed chickens but had no effect on body temperature of unfed chickens relative to the groups fed 0.90% Ca. No further improvement in body temperature response to heat stress was obtained by lowering the dietary Ca level to 0.15% or extending the feeding period to 14 d. Food deprivation was more effective in counteracting the heat-induced rise in body temperature than a dietary Ca deficiency. Heat-induced changes in body temperature, Ca+2, inorganic phosphate and blood pH were highly correlated (P < 0.001). The change in Ca+2 followed a pattern similar to that of changes in body temperature, but changes in inorganic phosphate seemed to be more indicative of changes in pH. Control birds fed 0.90% Ca exhibited the highest changes in Ca+2 and body temperature values. Feeding Ca-deficient diets reduced changes in both Ca+2 and body temperature. Unfed birds, regardless of dietary Ca level, showed the lowest changes in Ca+2 and body temperature. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is recognized by Toll‐like receptors and NOD2

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). The importance of microorganisms in CD is supported by the association of CD with mutations in the intracellular pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). The aim of this study is to investigate the PRR involved in the recognition of M. paratuberculosis. Methods used include in vitro stimulation of transfected cell lines, murine macrophages, and human PBMC. M. paratuberculosis stimulated human TLR2 (hTLR2)‐Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells predominantly and hTLR4‐CHO cells modestly. Macrophages from TLR2 and TLR4 knockout mice produced less cytokines compared with controls after stimulation with M. paratuberculosis. TLR4 inhibition in human PBMC reduced cytokine production only after stimulation with live M. paratuberculosis. TLR‐induced TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐10 production is mediated through MyD88, whereas Toll‐IL‐1R domain‐containing adaptor inducing IFN‐β (TRIF) promoted the release of IL‐1β. hNOD2‐human embryo kidney (HEK) cells, but not hNOD1‐HEK cells, responded to stimulation with M. paratuberculosis. PBMC of individuals homozygous for the 3020insC NOD2 mutation showed a 70% defective cytokine response after stimulation with M. paratuberculosis. These results demonstrate that TLR2, TLR4, and NOD2 are involved in the recognition of M. paratuberculosis by the innate immune system.
Fish Invasions in the World's River Systems: When Natural Processes Are Blurred by Human Activities

Because species invasions are a principal driver of the human-induced biodiversity crisis, the identification of the major determinants of global invasions is a prerequisite for adopting sound conservation policies. Three major hypotheses, which are not necessarily mutually exclusive, have been proposed to explain the establishment of non-native species: the “human activity” hypothesis, which argues that human activities facilitate the establishment of non-native species by disturbing natural landscapes and by increasing propagule pressure; the “biotic resistance” hypothesis, predicting that species-rich communities will readily impede the establishment of non-native species; and the “biotic acceptance” hypothesis, predicting that environmentally suitable habitats for native species are also suitable for non-native species. We tested these hypotheses and report here a global map of fish invasions (i.e., the number of non-native fish species established per river basin) using an original worldwide dataset of freshwater fish occurrences, environmental variables, and human activity indicators for 1,055 river basins covering more than 80% of Earth's surface. First, we identified six major invasion hotspots where non-native species represent more than a quarter of the total number of species. According to the World Conservation Union, these areas are also characterised by the highest proportion of threatened fish species. Second, we show that the human activity indicators account for most of the global variation in non-native species richness, which is highly consistent with the “human activity” hypothesis. In contrast, our results do not provide support for either the “biotic acceptance” or the “biotic resistance” hypothesis. We show that the biogeography of fish invasions matches the geography of human impact at the global scale, which means that natural processes are blurred by human activities in driving fish invasions in the world's river systems. In view of our findings, we fear massive invasions in developing countries with a growing economy as already experienced in developed countries. Anticipating such potential biodiversity threats should therefore be a priority.
Relationship between Socio Demographic Characteristics and HIV Indicators among Women in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Zambia and Malawi Based on DHS Data

In sub-Saharan Africa women have disproportionately higher HIV prevalence than men. This is in spite of the wide availability of HIV information, condoms and HIV testing services. UNAIDS has proposed that due to women’s fear of stigma and rejection by their partners, women are not able to seek HIV testing and other HIV services. In order to inform targeted programming for women it is important to examine to what extent women in Africa have attained HIV information and positive attitudes and whether these have been transformed into preventive behavior and ultimately reduction in HIV risk. In addition, it is vital to delineate the influence of socio demographic characteristics on the behavior change pathway of women. We analyzed cross-sectional data from demographic health surveys (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2014 in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Zambia and Malawi. The data showed that only 48% had comprehensive knowledge and that younger, rural, unmarried and poorer women were more likely to have low levels of HIV knowledge compared to older, urban, married and richer women respectively. The data also showed that while 75% of the respondents supported refusal of sex and 85% supported demand of condom use with a husband in case of suspected extra-marital sex women with certain characteristicsyounger, less educated, poorer womenwere less supportive of, and likely less motivated to undertake, sexual negotiation. The analysis also shows that 71% of the respondents had ever been tested for HIV but again women with certain characteristicsyounger, rural, less educated, unmarried and poorerhad significantly lower odds of having ever been tested for HIV. We therefore, recommend that national HIV/AIDS programs undertake to examine barriers hindering younger, rural, less educated, unmarried and poorer women from accessing comprehensive HIV information, gender empowerment interventions, female and male condom supplies as well as HIV testing services. Specific strategies tailored to women of these characteristics should be developed and rolled out targeting these women.
Conservative Management of Ovarian Fibroma in A Case of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome Comorbid with Endometriosis

Ovarian fibromas are the most common benign solid ovarian tumors, which are often difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Ovarian fibromas, especially in bilateral cases, may be cases of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder with predisposition to basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and other various benign and malignant tumors. This case report describes a 25 year-old female with GGS, bilateral ovarian fibroma, endometriosis and septated uterus, which was referred to the Gynecology Clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in October 2016. This patient had facial asymmetry due to recurrent odontogenic keratocysts. In young cases of ovarian fibromas as reported here, conservative surgical management can preserve ovarian function and fertility. These patients must be followed up by a multidisciplinary team and submitted to periodic tests.
REV IEW AND SYNTHES IS Spatial memory and animal movement

William F. Fagan,* Mark A. Lewis, Marie Auger-M eth e, Tal Avgar, Simon Benhamou, Greg Breed, Lara LaDage, Ulrike E. Schl€agel, Wen-wu Tang, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, James Forester and Thomas Mueller Abstract Memory is critical to understanding animal movement but has proven challenging to study. Advances in animal tracking technology, theoretical movement models and cognitive sciences have facilitated research in each of these fields, but also created a need for synthetic examination of the linkages between memory and animal movement. Here, we draw together research from several disciplines to understand the relationship between animal memory and movement processes. First, we frame the problem in terms of the characteristics, costs and benefits of memory as outlined in psychology and neuroscience. Next, we provide an overview of the theories and conceptual frameworks that have emerged from behavioural ecology and animal cognition. Third, we turn to movement ecology and summarise recent, rapid developments in the types and quantities of available movement data, and in the statistical measures applicable to such data. Fourth, we discuss the advantages and interrelationships of diverse modelling approaches that have been used to explore the memory–movement interface. Finally, we outline key research challenges for the memory and movement communities, focusing on data needs and mathematical and computational challenges. We conclude with a roadmap for future work in this area, outlining axes along which focused research should yield rapid progress.
A Study of Sequential Pattern Mining Algorithm

Sequential pattern mining use to finds frequently occurring ordered events or sub sequence as pattern from sequence database. Applications of SPM are analysis of web click stream data, medical data, biological data, e-learning data, customer purchase behavior, natural disaster. In this paper represent review of sequential pattern mining technique using different algorithm. The main classifications of SPM algorithm are two categories. First is Apriory based algorithm like GSP, SPADE, SPAM and second is pattern growth based algorithm like Prefix span, WAPMINE. Modified SPM algorithm like mine closed sequential pattern algorithm like BIDE, Clospan etc, maximal sequential pattern like MsPX,, MaxSP, MFSPAN etc. At last, comparative study of different algorithm is done via different key features support by SPM algorithm and also study extensions of sequential pattern mining algorithm.
Electronically Prescribing: A new Policy in Iranian Hospitals

Medication Errors (MEs) as one of the most important medical errors in hospitals are common, expensive, and sometimes harmful to patients. Several strategies such as Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) and wristband barcoding are used for decreasing MEs. The role of new technologies is emphasized in the policies and planning in the health system in Iran. Worldwide, CPOE is a new technology to improve patient care, patient safety, increase patients satisfaction and user productivity, decrease of MEs and costs in hospitals. This system appears as an effective tool in reducing MEs. Elimination of eligibility errors, ensuring completeness in prescribing fields, reduction in transcription errors are other benefits of CPOE system. CPOE has been implemented in Namazi Teaching Hospital and had impressive impact on decreasing of MEs. The use of this system is changing to a policy in hospitals in Iran and it emphasized in the vision of Iran for 1404.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR SEGMENTATION OF AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUD LOCATED ON ROOF STRUCTURE

This paper is addressed to an approach for segmenting airborne laser scanning point cloud. It aims to detect and cluster point cloud of an input roof into several segments that are corresponding to plane patches of the roof. The algorithm is developed based on the assumption that every non-flat roof can be decomposed into a set of gabled and/or hipped roof. The process detects roof ridges at first, and then detects points along each roof ridge. The experiments shows high efficiency and low error segmentation of the algorithm.
On “A mutual information estimator with exponentially decaying bias” by Zhang and Zheng

Abstract Zhang, Z. and Zheng, L. (2015): “A mutual information estimator with exponentially decaying bias,” Stat. Appl. Genet. Mol. Biol., 14, 243–252, proposed a nonparametric estimator of mutual information developed in entropic perspective, and demonstrated that it has much smaller bias than the plugin estimator yet with the same asymptotic normality under certain conditions. However it is incorrectly suggested in their article that the asymptotic normality could be used for testing independence between two random elements on a joint alphabet. When two random elements are independent, the asymptotic distribution of $\sqrt{n}$n-normed estimator degenerates and therefore the claimed normality does not hold. This article complements Zhang and Zheng by establishing a new chi-square test using the same entropic statistics for mutual information being zero. The three examples in Zhang and Zheng are re-worked using the new test. The results turn out to be much more sensible and further illustrate the advantage of the entropic perspective in statistical inference on alphabets. More specifically in Example 2, when a positive mutual information is known to exist, the new test detects it but the log likelihood ratio test fails to do so.
Supplementation with mixed tocopherols increases serum and blood cell gamma-tocopherol but does not alter biomarkers of platelet activation in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Some studies have shown potential benefit of vitamin E on platelet function, but several clinical trials failed to show improved cardiovascular outcome with alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Gamma-tocopherol, a major dietary form of vitamin E, may have protective properties different from those of alpha-tocopherol. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of supplementation with alpha-tocopherol (500 mg) and a gamma-tocopherol-rich compound (500 mg, containing 60% gamma-tocopherol) on serum and cellular tocopherol concentrations, urinary tocopherol metabolite excretion, and in vivo platelet activation in subjects with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Fifty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg alpha-tocopherol/d, 500 mg mixed tocopherols/d, or matching placebo. Serum, erythrocyte, and platelet tocopherol and urinary metabolite concentrations were measured at baseline and after the 6-wk intervention. Soluble CD40 ligand, urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, serum thromboxane B2, soluble P-selectin, and von Willebrand factor were measured as biomarkers of in vivo platelet activation. RESULTS Serum alpha-tocopherol increased with both tocopherol treatments. Serum and cellular gamma-tocopherol increased 4-fold (P < 0.001) in the mixed tocopherol group, whereas red blood cell gamma-tocopherol decreased significantly after alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Excretion of alpha-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman increased significantly after supplementation with alpha-tocopherol and mixed tocopherols. Excretion of gamma-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman increased significantly after supplementation with mixed tocopherols and after that with alpha-tocopherol, which may reflect the displacement of gamma-tocopherol by alpha-tocopherol due to incorporation of the latter into lipoproteins in the liver. Neither treatment had any significant effect on markers of platelet activation. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol decreased red blood cell gamma-tocopherol, whereas mixed tocopherols increased both serum alpha-tocopherol and serum and cellular gamma-tocopherol. Changes in serum tocopherol closely reflect changes in cellular concentrations of tocopherols after supplementation.
Effect of a high-protein breakfast on the postprandial ghrelin response.

BACKGROUND The most satiating macronutrient appears to be dietary protein. Few studies have investigated the effects of dietary protein on ghrelin secretion in humans. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether a high-protein (HP) breakfast is more satiating than a high-carbohydrate breakfast (HC) through suppression of postprandial ghrelin concentrations or through other physiologic processes. DESIGN Fifteen healthy men were studied in a single-blind, crossover design. Blood samples and subjective measures of satiety were assessed frequently for 3 h after the consumption of 2 isocaloric breakfasts that differed in their protein and carbohydrate content (58.1% of energy from protein and 14.1% of energy from carbohydrate compared with 19.3% of energy from protein and 47.3% of energy from carbohydrate). The gastric emptying rate was indirectly assessed with the acetaminophen absorption test. RESULTS The HP breakfast decreased postprandial ghrelin secretion more than did the HC breakfast (P < 0.01). Ghrelin concentrations were correlated with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (r = -0.65; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.29) and glucagon concentrations (r = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.03). Compared with the HC breakfast, the HP breakfast increased glucagon (P < 0.0001) and cholecystokinin (P < 0.01), tended to increase glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P = 0.07) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.10), and decreased the gastric emptying rate (P < 0.0001). Appetite ratings were not significantly different between the 2 treatments, and the HP breakfast did not significantly affect ad libitum energy intake. CONCLUSIONS The HP breakfast decreased postprandial ghrelin concentrations more strongly over time than did the HC breakfast. High associations between ghrelin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon suggest that stimulation of these peptides may mediate the postprandial ghrelin response. The HP breakfast also reduced gastric emptying, probably through increased secretion of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1.
Endometrial cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.

Endometrial cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up N. Colombo, E. Preti, F. Landoni, S. Carinelli, A. Colombo, C. Marini & C. Sessa On behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Working Group* Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan; Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan; Department of Radiotherapy, Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Unit New Drugs & Innovative Therapies, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele del Monte Tabor, Milan, Italy
Relationship of pesticide spraying to signs and symptoms in Indonesian farmers.

OBJECTIVES This study assessed correlations between exposure to pesticides and signs and symptoms of pesticide toxicity among Indonesian farmers. METHODS Detailed observations were recorded of spray frequency and pesticide handling, dermal exposure, and the chemicals used. Symptoms of acute illness were reported by the farmers, and signs of poisoning were observed by the interviewers at the time of spraying or within a few hours after it. RESULTS The spray practices substantially exposed the farmers to pesticides. Signs and symptoms occurred significantly more often during spraying than during nonspraying seasons. Twenty-one percent of the spray operations resulted in three or more neurobehavioral, respiratory, and intestinal signs or symptoms. The number of spray operations per week, the use of hazardous pesticides, and skin and clothes being wetted with the spray solution were significantly and independently associated with the number of signs and symptoms. A dose-effect relationship was found between the neurobehavioral signs and symptoms and the use of multiple organophosphates. CONCLUSIONS For farmers in the tropics, fully protective garb is too hot and too costly to maintain; farmers thus accept illness as a necessity. Integrated pest management has previously been demonstrated to reduce pesticide use with no loss of crop yield. The frequency of spraying should be reduced through widespread training in integrated pest management, and also the licensing and sale of the most hazardous pesticides should be regulated.
Flow of a spherical capsule in a pore with circular or square cross-section

Abstract The motion and deformation of a spherical elastic capsule freely flowing in a pore of comparable dimension is studied. The thin capsule membrane has a neo-Hookean shear softening constitutive law. The three-dimensional fluid–structure interactions are modelled by coupling a boundary integral method (for the internal and external fluid motion) with a finite element method (for the membrane deformation). In a cylindrical tube with a circular cross-section, the confinement effect of the channel walls leads to compression of the capsule in the hoop direction. The membrane then tends to buckle and to fold as observed experimentally. The capsule deformation is three-dimensional but can be fairly well approximated by an axisymmetric model that ignores the folds. In a microfluidic pore with a square cross-section, the capsule deformation is fully three-dimensional. For the same size ratio and flow rate, a capsule is more deformed in a circular than in a square cross-section pore. We provide new graphs of the deformation parameters and capsule velocity as a function of flow strength and size ratio in a square section pore. We show how these graphs can be used to analyse experimental data on the deformation of artificial capsules in such channels.
P2RX7: Expression Responds to Sleep Deprivation and Associates with Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Disorder Type 1

Introduction Rapid cycling (RC) is a severe form of bipolar disorder (BD) with an increased rate of episodes. Circadian disturbances are common in BD, and those with RC might be even more vulnerable. Aims To investigate if the P2RX7 gene would be involved in the circadian rhythm and in part thereby be implicated in RC. Methods Gene expression was analyzed in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers (n=8) at the sleep research center, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, USA. Swedish outpatients recruited from psychiatric clinics for BD, diagnosed with BD type 1(n=569; RC: n=121) and anonymous blood donor controls (n=1,044) was investigated in case-case and case-control SNP/haplotype association analyses. Results P2RX7 RNA levels were dramatically increased during sleep deprivation in PBMCs from the healthy volunteers (p=2.3*10-9). The P2RX7 rs 2230912 _A allele was more common (OR=2.2, p=0.002) and the ACGTTT haplotype in P2RX7 containing the protective rs2230912_G allele was less common, among RC cases compared to nonRC bipolar patients and blood donor controls. Conclusions Sleep deprivation activates P2RX7 expression in healthy persons which suggests that P2RX7 is involved in, or downstream, circadian rhythm regulation. The putatively low-activity P2RX7 rs2230912 allele A variant was associated with RC in BD which supports earlier findings of P2RX7 associations to affective disorder.