Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orbit-averaged behavior of magnetic control laws for momentum unloading

Analytical formulas are derived for orbit-averaged behavior of magnetic control laws for unloading the excess angular momentum of a spacecraft reaction wheel control system in the presence of secular environmental torques. The specific example of an axially symmetric spacecraft with an inertially fixed attitude for which the dominant environmental torque is the gravity-gradient torque is treated in detail, but extensions of the general approach to other inertially fixed and Earth-pointing spacecraft are discussed. The analytical formulas are compared to detailed simulations performed for the Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft, and agreement to within 109/o is found. The analytical formulas can be used in place of detailed simulations for preliminary studies, and can be used to find selected cases giving the most stringent tests of momentum unloading capability for which detailed simulations may be performed.
Some Reliability Estimates for Computerized Adaptive Tests

Three reliability estimates are derived for the Bayes modal estimate (BME) and the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of θin computerized adaptive tests (CAT). Each reliability estimate is a function of test information. Two of the estimates are shown to be upper bounds to true reliability. The three reliability estimates and the true reliabilities of both MLE and BME were computed for seven simulated CATs. Results showed that the true reliabilities for MLE and BME were nearly identical in all seven tests. The three reliability estimates never differed from the true reliabilities by more than . 02 (.01 in most cases). A simple implementation of one reliability estimate was found to accurately estimate reliability in CATs.
Searching for Low-Mass Binary Companions in M35 Using the Fine Guidance Sensors of the Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors data on 23 stars in the intermediate-age cluster M35 having B - V < 0.5 (∼F7 V) are analyzed to test whether binary periods, separations, and masses can be estimated by measuring periodic variations in the residuals of their internal proper motions. Of the 23 stars examined, 4 appear to possess a periodic signal. Unfortunately, these detections cannot be considered firm because the amplitudes of these waveforms are small (∼1 mas), the signal is only seen in one coordinate, and the derived periods are close to the duration of the data set. If the signals are real, they predict binary separations of >6 AU, secondary masses between 0.3 and 0.6 M⊙, and mass ratios of about 0.2. This latter value is in agreement with capture models employing stars with circumstellar disks for the formation of binaries.
Organic-based microcavities with vibronic progressions: Linear spectroscopy

In this work we study from a theoretical point of view microcavities embedding organic materials featuring vibronic progressions. As already shown in seminal experiments, the presence of vibronic replicas largely enriches the physics of such systems with the appearance of new polariton dispersion branches. We calculate the linear optical properties of such microcavities using two distinct models, quantum the first, macroscopic the latter, which are fully consistent with each another. They are shown to describe the strong-coupling regime in very good agreement with the available experimental data, using independently determined material parameters.
Solar Cycle Variations of Subsurface Meridional Flows in the Sun

We study the subsurface meridional flow in the Sun as a function of latitude and depth in the period from 1994 to 2000, covering the solar minimum in 1996 and the maximum in 2000, with the technique of time-distance helioseismology. It is found that the velocity of meridional flow increased when solar activity decreased from 1994 to 1997. As solar activity increased from 1997 to 2000, a new component of meridional flow, centered at about 20° latitude, was created in each hemisphere. It moves away from its center. The new flow changes the observed meridional flow from poleward at solar minimum to equatorward at solar maximum at low latitudes. The velocity of the new component increases with depth at least down to a depth of 70,000 km.
A finite element enthalpy technique for solving coupled nonlinear heat conduction/mass diffusion problems with phase change

A rigorous Finite Element (FE) formulation based on an enthalpy technique is developed for solving coupled nonlinear heat conduction/mass diffusion problems with phase change. The FE formulation consists of a fully coupled heat conduction and solute diffusion formulation, with solid‐liquid phase change, where the effects of pressure and convection are neglected. A full enthalpy method is employed eliminating singularities which result from abrupt changes in heat capacity at the phase interfaces. The FE formulation is based on the fixed grid technique where the elements are two dimensional, four noded quadrilaterals with the primary variables being enthalpy and average solute concentration. Temperature and solid mass fraction are calculated on a local level at each integration point of an element. A fully consistent Newton‐Raphson method is used to solve the global coupled equations and an Euler backward difference scheme is used for the temporal discretization. The solution of the enthalpy‐temperature rel.
Electrically forced thickness-shear and flexural vibrations of rectangular piezoelectric plates of rotated Y-cut quartz and langasite

We perform a theoretical analysis on electrically forced, coupled thickness-shear and flexural vibrations of rectangular piezoelectric plates of monoclinic crystals. Mindlin's first-order theory for piezoelectric plates is used. Two types of boundary conditions are considered. Trigonometric series solutions are obtained. The motional capacitance of the plates and its frequency dependence under a time-harmonic driving voltage, an important property when the plates are used as piezoelectric resonators, is calculated and examined from the series solutions for quartz and langasite plates.
Two Hemisphere Observations of the North-South Sidereal Asymmetry at ∼1 TeV

A new underground moon telescope system installed at a depth of 154 m.w. e. at Liapootah, central Tasmania, has been continuously monitoring cosmic ray intensity since December 1991. In two hemisphere observations, this telescope plays an important roll as a conjugate station to Matsushiro in Japan, which has been operating at a similar depth (220 m.w.e.) since April 1984. In this paper, we analyze data recorded at Liapootah during 33 months from January 1992 to October 1994, to test the north-south asymmetry in the sidereal diurnal variation caused by galactic anisotropy of high energy cosmic ray intensity. W e find average sidereal variation (0.041 ± 0.006%, 3.5 ± 0.6 hr) being observed by the vertical component telescope (median latitude of viewing λE = 36.2°S). Comparison with the sidereal diurnal variation (0.028 ± 0.006%, 2.6 ± 0.8 hr) observed by Matsushiro λE = 34.5°N) during the same period confirms the existence of a north-south asymmetry in which the amplitude of the variation increases as the median direction of viewing moves southward over the equator. This is the first positive result indicating the north-south sidereal asymmetry by two hemisphere observations.
Thermotolerance of human myometrium: implications for minimally invasive uterine therapies

Endometrial ablation has gained significant clinical acceptance over the last decade as a minimally invasive treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding. To improve upon current thermal injury modeling, it is important to better characterize the myometrium’s thermotolerance. The extent of myometrial thermal injury was determined across a spectrum of thermal histories/doses (time-temperature combinations). Fresh extirpated human myometrium was obtained from 13 subjects who underwent a previous scheduled benign hysterectomy. Within two hours of hysterectomy, the unfixed myometrium was treated in a stabilized saline bath with temperatures ranging from 45-70 °C and time intervals from 30- 150 seconds. The time-temperature combinations were selected to simulate treatment times under 2.5 minutes. A total of six such thermal matrices, each comprised of 45 time-temperature combinations, were prepared for evaluation. The treated myometrium was cryosectioned for nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining to assess for thermal respiratory enzyme inactivation. Image analysis was subsequently used to quantitatively assess the stained myometrium’s capacity to metabolize the tetrazolium at each time-temperature combination. This colorimetric data was then used as marker of cellular viability and determine survival parameters with implications for developing minimally invasive uterine therapies.
A Method for Normalizing Microarrays Using Genes That Are Not Differentially Expressed

One of the more challenging, yet easily overlooked, aspects of the analysis of microarrays is how to normalize arrays so that comparisons can be made across arrays. Most studies that utilize microarrays to detect differential gene expression between samples find the data only enable one to conclude that a handful of genes are differentially expressed. The basic idea here is to use the genes that are not differentially expressed to conduct the normalization. Of course, because one cannot determine which genes are differentially expressed until the normalization is conducted, this is a nontrivial problem. Here a general framework and computational method (using the Gibbs sampler) is devised to allow for such normalization. We apply the method to a gene expression experiment aimed at furthering our understanding of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a major source of economic loss in the swine industry.
Multisensor data fusion across time and space

Field measurement campaigns typically deploy numerous sensors having different sampling characteristics for spatial, temporal, and spectral domains. Data analysis and exploitation is made more difficult and time consuming as the sample data grids between sensors do not align. This report summarizes our recent effort to demonstrate feasibility of a processing chain capable of “fusing” image data from multiple independent and asynchronous sensors into a form amenable to analysis and exploitation using commercially-available tools. Two important technical issues were addressed in this work: 1) Image spatial registration onto a common pixel grid, 2) Image temporal interpolation onto a common time base. The first step leverages existing image matching and registration algorithms. The second step relies upon a new and innovative use of optical flow algorithms to perform accurate temporal upsampling of slower frame rate imagery. Optical flow field vectors were first derived from high-frame rate, high-resolution imagery, and then finally used as a basis for temporal upsampling of the slower frame rate sensor’s imagery. Optical flow field values are computed using a multi-scale image pyramid, thus allowing for more extreme object motion. This involves preprocessing imagery to varying resolution scales and initializing new vector flow estimates using that from the previous coarser-resolution image. Overall performance of this processing chain is demonstrated using sample data involving complex too motion observed by multiple sensors mounted to the same base. Multiple sensors were included, including a high-speed visible camera, up to a coarser resolution LWIR camera.
A Statistical Model for the Surface Relative Humidity.

Abstract The beta distribution is the model for frequency distributions of relative humidity observations. The standard chi-square (χ2) test measures the goodness of fit of the beta distribution model to the observed data base. Ninety distributions of daily, mean 5-, 10- and 15-day, and mean monthly relative humidity data sets from 19 U. S. stations form the basis for this report. At the 0.05 level of significance the tests reject only 5% of the mean monthly and 3% of the daily and the mean 5-, 10- and 15-day distributions. The hypothesis that relative humidity follows a beta distribution is not rejected.
Continuous electrowetting effect

We introduce a new electrowetting effect, continuous electrowetting (CEW), and show its advantages for applications to displays and other electro‐optic devices. We demonstrate experimentally, by using CEW, fast and reversible electrowetting flow on the theoretically predicted scale of ∼10 cm/s for ∼1‐V driving voltage.
RoughTree A Classifier with Naive-Bayes and Rough Sets Hybrid in Decision Tree Representation

This paper presents a semi-naive classifier named RoughTree, which is designed to alleviate the attribute interdependence problem of Naive Bayesian classifier. RoughTree uses the attribute dependence detecting measure in rough sets and splits the dataset into subspaces according to the selected attributes, which hold the maximum values by the attribute dependence measure. This process continues the same way a decision tree splits until the stopping criterion is satisfied. Then, the result is a tree-like model and each leaf in the RoughTree is replaced by a Naive-Bayesian classifier. RoughTree eliminates the attribute dependences in its leaves and the experimental results show that RoughTree can achieve better performance than Naive Bayesian classifier.
Degenerate solutions obtained from several variants of factor analysis

Considerable research has been performed concerning degenerate solutions from the Parafac model. However, degenerate solutions have also been reported to occur with the shifted multiplicative model and a model for component analysis of multitrait multimethod matrices. Furthermore, we obtained similarly degenerate solutions for the directly fitted Parafac‐2 model, the indirectly fitted Parafac‐2 model and a constrained variant of the Tucker‐3 model. Comparing degenerate solutions reported in the literature with the degenerate solutions we obtained ourselves, we learned that for all the above‐mentioned models there are two‐factor degenerate solutions sharing the same properties. We distinguish three common features. Furthermore, the above‐mentioned models have in common that they are all variants of factor analysis producing component matrices with components that are rotationally unique. Underscoring the significance of this property, we show that all models for two‐way and three‐way factor analysis not resulting in solutions with rotationally unique components cannot produce degenerate solutions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separated Flows Around the Rear Window of a Simplified Car Geometry

A 3D numerical simulation based on the lattice Boltzmann method is carried out on a simplified car geometry (initially proposed by Ahmed, Ramm, and Falting, 1984, SAE Technical Paper series No. 840300) to analyze and establish a method for controlling the near-wake flow topology of a generic blunt body model. The results indicate the existence of a complex flow topology consisting of transverse and longitudinal vortices emanating from flow separations that occur on the top and the lateral edges of the slanted rear window, respectively. The topology of each structure is detailed and the numerical results are compared with the experimental results in the literature. The results presented in this paper can then be used to develop and parametrize active control solutions conducive to improving the aerodynamic performances of automobile vehicles.
Scattering of Impulsive Elastic Waves by a Smooth Convex Cylinder

The canonical problem of scattering by a circular cylinder is expressed in integral form. The integrals are evaluated asymptotically to yield the first motion approximations. The geometrical theory of diffraction, developed by Keller, is combined with the first motion approximations to solve the problem of scattering by a smooth convex cylinder. The results are valid for pulses whose durations are short compared to the travel time across the cylinder.
On the Inverse Scattering Problem at Fixed Energy for Potentials Having Nonvanishing First Moments

It has been shown previously by Newton that his solution (and its extension by Sabatier) of the problem of finding a central potential from a knowledge of all phase shifts at fixed energy yields a series whose expansion coefficients converge slowly unless the first moment of the potential vanishes. In particular, any truncation of the series after a finite number of terms necessarily results in potentials which have vanishing first moments. In this paper we propose a new, but formally somewhat similar, series for the potential which, for such truncations, does not suffer from this physically rather severe restriction. The series also furnishes new exact solutions of the Schrodinger equation at fixed energy. A closed‐form expression for the scattering amplitude is obtained for a specific example. The problem of constructing the new series from the phase shifts is not discussed.
Improving speech emotion dimensions estimation using a three-layer model of human perception

: Most previous studies using the dimensional approach mainly focused on the direct relationship between acoustic features and emotion dimensions (valence, activation, and dominance). However, the acoustic features that correlate to valence dimension are very few and very weak. As a result, the valence dimension has been particularly diﬃcult to predict. The purpose of this research is to construct a speech emotion recognition system that has the ability to precisely estimate values of emotion dimensions especially valence. This paper proposes a three-layer model to improve the estimating values of emotion dimensions from acoustic features. The proposed model consists of three layers: emotion dimensions in the top layer, semantic primitives in the middle layer, and acoustic features in the bottom layer. First, a top-down acoustic feature selection method based on this model was conducted to select the most relevant acoustic features for each emotion dimension. Then, a button-up method was used to estimate values of emotion dimensions from acoustic features by ﬁrstly using fuzzy inference system (FIS) to estimate the degree of each semantic primitive from acoustic features, then using another FIS to estimate values of emotion dimensions from the estimated degrees of semantic primitives. The experimental results reveal that the constructed emotion recognition system based on the proposed three-layer model outperforms the conventional system.
X-ray binaries in globular clusters

It appears to be very unlikely that primordial binaries in globular clusters have evolved to produce high-luminosity X-ray sources like the four variable sources detected in observations by the Uhuru and OSO-7 satellites. Therefore, it is suggested that the cluster X-ray sources are binaries formed by capture from the remnants of massive single stars that exploded with sufficient isotropy to remain bound in the cluster. These remnants have lurked near the centers of the clusters where the high stellar densities have favored their capture of field stars which eventually turn the remnants on as X-ray source when the captives enter the post--main-sequence expansion phase of their evolution. A case is made for the conclusion that there is approximately one potential binary X-ray source near the center of each of the globular clusters.
Evaluation of nitrogen fertilization effect on apple-tree leaves and fruit by fluorescence imaging

The work aims to validate the laser-induced fluorescence imaging method for detecting nutrient deficiency of fruit- trees and testing the storage ability of the fruits. Measurements concerned apple-trees (Malus x domestica Borkh.cv.Jonagold 2361) submitted or not to nitrogen fertilization (60 kg/ha) via roots. Besides recordings of fluorescence images of fruits and of leaves at the characteristic emission wavelengths, images which always showed an effect of the nitrogen, chemical and physiological analysis have been performed. The essential results were: (1) For rosette leaves, with a total chlorophyll content significantly lower for nitrogen depleted leaves, and a Chl a/b ratio as well as (phi) po (PS II efficiency of open reaction centers) independent of the treatment, images recorded in the red and in the far-red (690 and 740 nm chlorophyll a emissions) showed red/far-red intensities ratios higher in the absence of fertilization, in agreement with the lower chlorophyll a content. (2) For leaves of one year shoots, having all similar chlorophyll content and PS II efficiency, nitrogen supply led to a slight decrease of the red/far-red ratio value for 532 nm excitation, and for 355 nm excitation to an important decrease of the blue fluorescence/chlorophyll emission ratio, that was not observed for rosette leaves. (3) For apple fruits, presenting a high K/Ca ratio (approximately equals 42) i.e. a bad storage ability, the chlorophylls content of the green face skin as well as (phi) po were the same for both samplings, with a dramatic decrease of (phi) po (0.68 till to 0.45) during conservation (6 months). Under 355 nm excitation, the fluorescence ratios the most sensitive to the nitrogen deficiency were for the green face the blue/red ratios which decreased with nitrogen supply and increased with time, and the blue/green ratio for the apple red face.
Transmission of electromagnetic waves in a magnetic fine-stratified structure

The specific features of the transmission spectra of the TE-wave normally incident from the uniform medium onto the fine-stratified structure fabricated by periodic alternating ferrite and semiconductor layers were investigated. The expressions for effective permeability and permittivity were obtained in the long-wave limit. It was shown that, in the investigated multilayer composite, the left-handed behavior is possible. The dependence of transmission spectra of electromagnetic waves that propagate through a fine-stratified magnetoactive structure on the external magnetic field was examined experimentally.
Conjugated polymer light‐emitting diodes on silicon substrates

We report the fabrication of polymer electroluminescent devices on doped silicon substrates. An electron‐injecting aluminum electrode is thermally evaporated onto the silicon substrate, and a layer of a high electron affinity conjugated polymer, poly(cyanoterephthalylidene), CN‐PPV, is then spin coated onto this. A hole‐transporting layer of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene), PPV, is formed on top of the CN‐PPV layer by thermal conversion of a spin‐coated layer of the sulphonium precursor polymer. Finally, a transparent hole‐injecting top electrode of indium‐tin oxide is formed by rf sputtering. These devices show efficient red electroluminescence, with emission from the CN‐PPV layer.
SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY IN SIMPLE DETERMINISTIC SIR MODELS ASSESSED ECOLOGICALLY

Abstract Patchy or divided populations can be important to infectious disease transmission. We first show that Lloyd’s mean crowding index, an index of patchiness from ecology, appears as a term in simple deterministic epidemic models of the SIR type. Using these models, we demonstrate that the rate of movement between patches is crucial for epidemic dynamics. In particular, there is a relationship between epidemic final size and epidemic duration in patchy habitats: controlling inter-patch movement will reduce epidemic duration, but also final size. This suggests that a strategy of quarantining infected areas during the initial phases of a virulent epidemic might reduce epidemic duration, but leave the population vulnerable to future epidemics by inhibiting the development of herd immunity.