Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helmholtz Alliance Linear Collider Forum

Supersymmetric scenarios with a very weakly interacting lightest superpartner (LSP) - like the gravitino or axino - naturally give rise to a long-lived next-to-LSP (NLSP). If the NLSP is a charged slepton it leaves a very distinct signature in a collider experiment. At the ILC/CLIC it will be possible to capture a significant fraction of the produced charged sleptons and observe their decays. These decays potentially reveal the nature of the LSP and thus provide a unique possibility to measure the properties of a very weakly interacting LSP which otherwise is most likely hidden from any other observation, like direct or indirect dark matter searches. We review the proposals that have been made to measure the LSP properties at the ILC/CLIC and compare its potential to the capability of the LHC.
Mechanistic Investigations into the Selective Reduction of Oxygen by a Multicopper Oxidase T3 Site-Inspired Dicopper Complex

Understanding how multicopper oxidases (MCOs) reduce oxygen in the trinuclear copper cluster (TNC) is of great importance for development of catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report a mechanistic investigation into the ORR activity of the dinuclear copper complex [Cu2L(μ-OH)]3+ (L = 2,7-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-1,8-naphthyridine). This complex is inspired by the dinuclear T3 site found in the MCO active site and confines the Cu centers in a rigid scaffold. We show that the electrochemical reduction of [Cu2L(μ-OH)]3+ follows a proton-coupled electron transfer pathway and requires a larger overpotential due to the presence of the Cu-OH-Cu motif. In addition, we provide evidence that metal–metal cooperativity takes place during catalysis that is facilitated by the constraints of the rigid ligand framework, by identification of key intermediates along the catalytic cycle of [Cu2L(μ-OH)]3+. Electrochemical studies show that the mechanisms of the ORR and hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction found for [Cu2L(μ-OH)]3+ differ from the ones found for analogous mononuclear copper catalysts. In addition, the metal–metal cooperativity results in an improved selectivity for the four-electron ORR of more than 70% because reaction intermediates can be stabilized better between both copper centers. Overall, the mechanism of the [Cu2L(μ-OH)]3+-catalyzed ORR in this work contributes to the understanding of how the cooperative function of multiple metals in close proximity can affect ORR activity and selectivity.
Low-insertion-loss femtosecond laser-inscribed three-dimensional high-density mux/demux devices

Abstract. Recently, transmitting diverse signals in different cores of a multicore fiber (MCF) has greatly improved the communication capacity of a single fiber. In such an MCF-based communication system, mux/demux devices with broad bandwidth are of great significance. In this work, we design and fabricate a 19-channel mux/demux device based on femtosecond laser direct writing. The fabricated mux/demux device possesses an average insertion loss of 0.88 dB and intercore crosstalk of no more than − 29.1 dB. Moreover, the fabricated mux/demux device features a broad bandwidth across the C+L band. Such a mux/demux device enables low-loss 19-core fiber (de)multiplexing over the whole C+L band, showing a convincing potential value in wavelength-space division multiplexing applications. In addition, a 19-core fiber fan-in/fan-out system is also established based on a pair of mux/demux devices in this work.
Success of the small mass-ratio approximation during the final orbits of binary black hole simulations

Recent studies have shown the surprising effectiveness of the small mass-ratio approximation (SMR) in modeling the relativistic two-body problem even at comparable masses. Up to now this effectiveness has been demonstrated only during inspiral, before the binary transitions into plunge and merger. Here we examine the binding energy of nonspinning binary black hole simulations with mass ratios from 20:1 to equal mass. We show for the first time that the binaries undergo a transition to plunge as predicted by analytic theory, and estimate the size of the transition region, which is $\sim 10$ gravitational wave cycles for equal mass binaries. By including transition, the SMR expansion of the binding energy is accurate until the last cycle of gravitational wave emission. This is true even for comparable mass binaries such as those observed by current gravitational wave detectors, where the transition often makes up much of the observed signal. Our work provides further evidence that the SMR approximation can be directly applied to current gravitational wave observations.
Dynamic pair-density function method for neutron and X-ray inelastic scattering

Abstract A novel approach for studying local spin and atomic dynamics in liquids, glasses and crystalline solids with disorder is discussed. In this approach the dynamic structure factor obtained by inelastic neutron or X-ray scattering is Fourier-transformed to real space into the dynamic atomic pair-density function (DPDF). We discuss the nature of the DPDF and show examples of the results obtained by this method. It is demonstrated that the DPDF primarily represents local dynamics, whereas traveling waves contribute only to broadening the peaks. Thus this method complements the conventional analysis of the dynamic structure factor in terms of dispersion relationship of collective dynamics.
Effect of changing the transmit aperture on the spatial coherence of backscatter for the nonlinearly generated second harmonic

The present work measures the effective apodizations for the fundamental and second harmonic and uses the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem to predict the spatial coherence of the second harmonic portion of backscatter. Two-dimensional pseudo-array scans of a transverse cross section of the finite amplitude ultrasonic fields generated by rectangular and circular apertures were performed with a hydrophone. Three transmit apodization functions were investigated: rectangular, Riesz, and trapezoidal. An effective apodization was obtained by backpropagating the values measured from within the transmit focal zone using a linear angular spectrum approach. In all cases the effective apodization at 2f was narrower than the transmit apodization. Our results demonstrate that choices of apodization can be identified that yield better spatial coherence at the second harmonic than at the fundamental.
Stable propagation of the Poincaré polarization solitons in strongly nonlocal media

We report the first experimental observation of spatial solitons with complex polarization states, called the Poincaré polarization solitons (PPSs) in lead glass with strongly nonlocal nonlinearity. The formations of PPSs with topological charge of l = 1, including the cylindrical elliptical-polarization soliton (CEPS) and the angularly-hybrid polarization soliton (AHPS), were observed. We showed that the annular profiles and the complex polarization distributions of the first-order PPSs can be remained. Based on the linear stability analysis, we proved that the first-order PPSs are fully stable and the second-order PPS can survive only when one of the two component vortices dominates.
Simulating Surface Energy Fluxes and Radiometric Surface Temperatures for Two Arid Vegetation Communities Using the SHAW Model

Abstract While land–atmosphere transfer models have been pursued for over 30 years, Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere–Transfer (SVAT) models are gaining attention only recently as the need to better represent the interaction between the soil and atmosphere in atmospheric circulation models becomes more apparent. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model, a detailed physical process model, simulates the effects of a multispecies plant canopy on heat and water transfer at the soil–atmosphere interface. The model was used in this study to simulate the surface energy balance and surface temperature of two vegetation communities using data collected during the Monsoon ’90 multidisciplinary field experiment. The two vegetation communities included a sparse, relatively homogeneous, grass-dominated community and a shrub-dominated site with large bare interspace areas between shrubs. The model mimicked the diurnal variation in the surface energy balance at both sites, while canopy leaf temperatures were simulated some.
The factors explaining reading success of academically gifted readers through the ecological model

This study aims to discover the best appropriate model to explain reading success of academically gifted students through the ecological model. Three models (i.e., Model 1, Model 2, and Model 3) were created by using three layers of the ecological model to investigate the ecological background of reading success. In line with the literature, seven explanatory factors were examined among the items in the student questionnaire of PISA 2018. Exploratory factor analysis to detect factors and confirmatory factor analysis to validate them were used respectively. Cronbach’s Alpha values of each factor (internal consistency) were also calculated. Structural equation modeling was performed to create a model explaining reading success. Afterward, indices of goodness-fit-criteria were examined. The findings indicated that there is a complex background for reading. All factors (i.e., perception of difficulties, perception of competence in reading, enjoyment of reading, teacher support, teacher feedback, value of school and disciplinary climate in the classroom) have a significant effect on reading. According to the results, Model 3 has the best model fit indices among other models. This model, having more complexity and interaction among latent variables, was found as the most comprehensive and appropriate model due to being coherent with the ecological model.
Generalized Single Integral Involving Multivariable Kampé De Fériet Function

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( ) . / . ( ) / ] ∑ ( ) ( ) ( ) ∏ ( ) ∏ ( ) ∏ ( ( ) ) ∏ ( ) ∏ . / ∏ . ( ) / ( ) ( ) | | ( ) ⁄ | | ( ) ⁄ ( ) *| | | |+ ( )
Actuator fault diagnosis: an adaptive observer-based technique

This paper presents a novel approach for the fault diagnosis of actuators in known deterministic dynamic systems by using an adaptive observer technique. Systems without model uncertainty are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subjected to either model uncertainty or external disturbance. Under the assumption that the system state observer can be designed such that the observation error is strictly positive real (SPR), an adaptive diagnostic algorithm is developed to diagnose the fault, and a modified version is proposed for the general system to improve robustness. The method is demonstrated through its application to a simulated second-order system.
Diffuse channel model and experimental results for array antennas in mobile environments

A wide-band spatial model of the mobile channel has been developed. The model allows the inclusion of array antennas at the base station. The diffuse scattering is modeled using dense discrete scatterers. An algebraic power decay is used for the path loss to the scatterers of the environment and to the mobile. Results from the model are compared with experimental results obtained at 1800 MHz. The parameters that are used are delay spread, power window, and angular spread of incident power. The model elucidates the general diffuse background scattering in a rural and an urban environment. It can be extended with inclusion of spatial specular scatterers where appropriate.
Near-Field Millimeter-Wave Imaging via Multi-Plane MIMO Arrays

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array-based millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging has broad application prospects in concealed weapons detection due to its capability of high resolution at a reasonable cost. This paper presents a novel multi-plane MIMO array topology for near-field MMW imaging. The multi-plane MIMO arrays can offer wider angular observations of the target under test than the traditional planar MIMO arrays. Although the cylindrical MIMO array can achieve similar focusing performance as the multi-plane one, the multi-plane MIMO arrays are much easier to fabricate since each subarray has the same structure as a planar one. In addition, to speed up the image reconstruction process, we propose a corresponding three-dimensional (3-D) imaging algorithm with hybrid processing in the time-domain and wavenumber-domain. The proposed algorithm is even more efficient than the wavenumber-domain algorithm for the cylindrical MIMO array that has the same scale as the proposed multi-plane array scheme, which clearly shows that the hybrid time-wavenumber domain processing can avoid the enormous computation burdens of higher dimensional processing of the wavenumber-domain MIMO imaging algorithms. Numerical simulations and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed multi-plane MIMO array imaging technique in comparison with the most commonly used arrays and algorithms.
Remaining Useful Lifetime Prediction Based on Extended Kalman Particle Filter for Power SiC MOSFETs

Nowadays, the performance of silicon-based devices is almost approaching the physical limit of their materials, which have difficulty meeting the needs of modern high-power applications. The SiC MOSFET, as one of the important third-generation wide bandgap power semiconductor devices, has received extensive attention. However, numerous specific reliability issues exist for SiC MOSFETs, such as bias temperature instability, threshold voltage drift, and reduced short-circuit robustness. The remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of SiC MOSFETs has become the focus of device reliability research. In this paper, a RUL estimation method using the Extended Kalman Particle Filter (EPF) based on an on-state voltage degradation model for SiC MOSFETs is proposed. A new power cycling test platform is designed to monitor the on-state voltage of SiC MOSFETs used as the failure precursor. The experimental results show that the RUL prediction error decreases from 20.5% of the traditional Particle Filter algorithm (PF) algorithm to 11.5% of EPF with 40% data input. The life prediction accuracy is therefore improved by about 10%.
Giant magneto-impedance effect in soft magnetic wire families

Summary form only given. The giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect-an abrupt change in the high frequency impedance of a magnetic conductor subjected to a relatively small dc magnetic field-has been widely studied in the last several years. GMI effect investigations performed on various soft magnetic wire families have demonstrated that such materials are very appropriate for microsensor applications based on this effect. The aim of this paper is to review the most recent advances in the field of the GMI effect in soft magnetic wire shaped materials, such as conventional amorphous wires prepared by in rotating-water quenching, nanocrystalline wires prepared from amorphous precursors, amorphous glass-coated microwires, and nanocrystalline glass-coated microwires.
Green One-Pot Syntheses of 2-Sulfoximidoyl-3,6-dibromo Indoles Using N-Br Sulfoximines as Both Brominating and Sulfoximinating Reagents

A green one-pot 2,3,6-trifunctionalization of N-alkyl/aryl indoles was achieved by adding three equivalents of N-Br sulfoximine to the indole solution. A variety of 2-sulfoximidoyl-3,6-dibromo indoles were prepared with 38–94% yields using N-Br sulfoximines as both brominating and sulfoximinating reagents. Based on the results of controlled experiments, we propose that a radical substitution involving 3,6-dibromination and 2-sulfoximination occurs in the reaction process. This is first time that 2,3,6-trifunctionalization of indole in one pot has been achieved.
The Variety of 3D Breast Cancer Models for the Study of Tumor Physiology and Drug Screening

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and responsible for multiple deaths worldwide. 3D cancer models enable a better representation of tumor physiology than the conventional 2D cultures. This review summarizes the important components of physiologically relevant 3D models and describes the spectrum of 3D breast cancer models, e.g., spheroids, organoids, breast cancer on a chip and bioprinted tissues. The generation of spheroids is relatively standardized and easy to perform. Microfluidic systems allow control over the environment and the inclusion of sensors and can be combined with spheroids or bioprinted models. The strength of bioprinting relies on the spatial control of the cells and the modulation of the extracellular matrix. Except for the predominant use of breast cancer cell lines, the models differ in stromal cell composition, matrices and fluid flow. Organoids are most appropriate for personalized treatment, but all technologies can mimic most aspects of breast cancer physiology. Fetal bovine serum as a culture supplement and Matrigel as a scaffold limit the reproducibility and standardization of the listed 3D models. The integration of adipocytes is needed because they possess an important role in breast cancer.
Index-based graph querying and matching in large graphs

Currently, a huge amount data can be naturally represented by graphs, e.g., protein interaction networks, gene regulatory networks, etc. The size of an application graph may vary from tens of vertices to millions of vertices. Rich information may be retrieved if proper tools are provided. We are interested in applying index-based graph querying and matching techniques to both large and massive graphs. We use frequent subtrees for graph querying problem in a database composed of multiple small graphs. Subtree based indexing algorithms are efficient and effective in finding the supergraphs of any given query graph. For graph matching problem in a relatively large database graph, we proposed to use a distance based index structure. Optimized by a dynamic matching scheme, the algorithm can quickly find all the matches of any given query graph in the database graph. For graph matching in a massive database graph, we use a twofold index based on label combinations and shortest path trees. Last but not least, we discuss the future work of index-based graph querying and matching algorithms.
IR spectrometer using 90-degree off-axis parabolic mirrors

A gated spectrometer has been designed for real-time, pulsed infrared (IR) studies at the National Synchrotron Light Source at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. A pair of 90-degree, off-axis parabolic mirrors are used to relay the light from an entrance slit to an output IR recording camera. With an initial wavelength range of 1500-4500 nm required, gratings could not be used in the spectrometer because grating orders would overlap. A magnesium oxide prism, placed between these parabolic mirrors, serves as the dispersion element. The spectrometer is doubly telecentric. With proper choice of the air spacing between the prism and the second parabolic mirror, any spectral region of interest within the InSb camera array's sensitivity region can be recorded. The wavelengths leaving the second parabolic mirror are collimated, thereby relaxing the camera positioning tolerance. To set up the instrument, two different wavelength (visible) lasers are introduced at the entrance slit and made collinear with the optical axis via flip mirrors. After dispersion by the prism, these two laser beams are directed to tick marks located on the outside housing of the gated IR camera. This provides first-order wavelength calibration for the instrument. Light that is reflected off the front prism face is coupled into a high-speed detector to verify steady radiance during the gated spectral imaging. Alignment features include tick marks on the prism and parabolic mirrors. This instrument was designed to complement singlepoint pyrometry, which provides continuous time histories of a small collection of spots from shock-heated targets.
The genome sequence of the Buff-tailed Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Bombus terrestris (the Buff-tailed Bumblebee; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae). The genome sequence is 393.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 18 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 24.7 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 14,435 protein coding genes.
Methods of Classical Mechanics Applied to Turbulence Stresses in a Tip Leakage Vortex

Moore et al. measured the six Reynolds stresses in a tip leakage vortex in a linear turbine cascade. Stress tensor analysis, as used in classical mechanics, has been applied to the measured turbulence stress tensors. Principal directions and principal normal stresses are found. A solid surface model, or 3-d glyph, for the Reynolds stress tensor is proposed and used to view the stresses throughout the tip leakage vortex. Modelled Reynolds stresses using the Boussinesq approximation are obtained from the measured mean velocity strain rate tensor. The comparison of the principal directions and the 3-d graphical representations of the strain and Reynolds stress tensors aids in the understanding of the turbulence and what is required to model it.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
AERODYNAMIC INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT TRAILING-EDGE CHANGING METHODS TO THE BLUNT BRAILING-EDGE AIRFOIL

Recently,there are only few methods to blunt the wind turbine airfoil trailing-edges in the world,therefore,three kinds of blunt trailing-edge airfoil design methods was presented and calculated by Xfoil.They are(1) changing the distribution of bluntness besides the camber, (2) changing the blending curve,(3) rotting the up/down curve of the airfoil.The airfoil NREL S814 was changed with the second method,and the result shows that different blending curves can hardly influent the lift but the drag if not few.Thc other methods were used on NREL S814 with the calculations indicate that they can move the working region towards left and increase maximum lift.
TYPOLOGIES OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN INDONESIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

: Typologies of religious moderation implementation in several State Islamic Higher Education and Public Higher Education are an interesting subject to discuss. The typologies can demonstrate the road model of educational institutions in building nationality and diversity. This study aims to analyze the typologies of religious moderation practiced at PTKI and PTU with a focus on studies at the State Islamic University Padang, State Islamic University Bandung, and Bogor Agricultural University. By employing a qualitative descriptive approach based on empirical phenomena and collecting data using interviews, participant observation, documentation, and literature review; the research finds that the typologies of religious moderation illustrate an integrative model of institutional and cultural interpolation, symbolic-paradigmatic schemes, internalization of Pendidikan Agama Islam ( PAI, Islamic Religious Education) subject, mainstreaming schemes of pesantren mahasiswa, and involvement of extra campus organizations. This study implies that there are various practices of religious moderation in higher educational institutions as models for other higher educational institutions.