Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic parameters for growth , carcass and meat quality traits in New Zealand sheep

Introduction To be competitive with other livestock industries, sheep farmers require rapidly growing animals producing tasty meat, which are grazed under exemplary welfare conditions all at a viable final cost to consumers. Genetic selection has played an important role in improving productivity in sheep farming in New Zealand. Meat sheep breeding programmes around the world have focused on selection for fast growth and high lean yield. However, there is evidence that continued selection for higher lean meat yield may adversely affect aspects of quality (Hopkins et al. 2005; Karamichou et al. 2006). Therefore, it is important to ensure that selection for growth and leanness does not inadvertently affect meat eating quality. For the lamb industry to remain competitive in the long-term, lamb carcass and meat quality traits need to be continually improved along with productivity traits. Meat quality is made up of traits such as meat redness indicating freshness; tenderness; marbling; and pH. These influence the eating experience and the probability of consumer repurchase. In order to make genetic progress in quality traits, knowledge of their genetic architecture is crucial to define the selection criteria and the likely outcomes. The objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate heritabilities for growth, carcass and meat quality traits and 2) estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations among those traits in New Zealand sheep.
Covariance and Fisher information in quantum mechanics

Variance and Fisher information are ingredients of the Cramer-Rao inequality. We regard Fisher information as a Riemannian metric on a quantum statistical manifold and choose monotonicity under coarse graining as the fundamental property of variance and Fisher information. In this approach we show that there is a kind of dual one-to-one correspondence between the candidates of the two concepts. We emphasize that Fisher information is obtained from relative entropies as contrast functions on the state space and argue that the scalar curvature might be interpreted as an uncertainty density on a statistical manifold.
Compact E-band single-chip transmitter using 0.1μm GaAs pHEMT process

In this paper, the design and implementation of medium power amplifier(MPA), 4th sub-harmonically pumped (SHP) mixer, and a wideband single chip transmitter for E-band P2P(Point-to-Point) wireless communication system with 0. 1μm GaAs pHEMT process are presented. To obtain wideband characteristic of MPA up to 15GHz, operating band(71-86 GHz), low impedance transmission line matching method has been used. In order to apply easy LO signal to the mixer, 4th SHP (Sub-Harmonically Pumped) mixer has been designed. From the measured results, the 3-stage MPA shows a gain of 19.0~20.8dB and an output P1dB of 11~15dBm. The 4th SHP mixer shows conversion loss of 15~18dB and an input P1dB of +1dBm. Finally, the single-chip transmitter based on MPA and the 4th SHP mixer shows expected results of a gain of 0~5dB and output P1dB of +4dBm.
The search for performance in scientific processors

I am honored and grateful to have been selected to join the ranks of ACM Turing Award winners. I probably have spent too much of my life thinking about computers, but I do not regret it a bit. I was fortunate to enter the field of computing in its infancy and participate in its explosive growth. The rapid evolution of the underlying technologies in the past 30 years has not only provided an exciting environment, but has also presented a constant stream of intellectual challenges to those of us trying to harness this power and squeeze it to the last ounce. I hasten to say, especially to the younger members of the audience, there is no end in sight. As a matter of fact, I believe the next thirty years will be even more exciting and rich with challenges. The three principal contributors to performance in scientific processors are the algorithm, the compiler, and the machine organization. When possible, the simultaneous optimization of these three factors holds the key to the highest possible performance. Of the three contributors, algorithm improvements are the most important. An idea that changes an algorithm from N**2 to N* log N operations, where N is proportionate to the number of input elements, is considerably more spectacular than an improvement in machine organization, where only a constant factor of run-time is achieved. Unfortunately, really exploiting the characteristics of a particular algorithm in the underlying machine organization often results in a specialized computer that will not perform well on most other algorithms. Signal processors are an example of this. They handle information transforms very fast, even in one clock cycle, but can be extremely inefficient in computing anything else. My interests have been in achieving high performance for a broad range of scientific calculations. There-
Pairwise Comparison Dynamics and Evolutionary Foundations for Nash Equilibrium

We introduce a class of evolutionary game dynamics — pairwise comparison dynamics — under which revising agents choose a candidate strategy at random, switching to it with positive probability if and only if its payoff is higher than the agent’s current strategy. We prove that all such dynamics satisfy Nash stationarity : the set of rest points of these dynamics is always identical to the set of Nash equilibria of the underlying game. We also show how one can modify the replicator dynamic and other imitative dynamics to ensure Nash stationarity without increasing the informational demands placed on the agents. These results provide an interpretation of Nash equilibrium that relies on large numbers arguments and weak requirements on payoff observations rather than on strong equilibrium knowledge assumptions.
Auditory saccade impairment after central thalamus lesions

Visual and auditory saccades were studied in three patients with an isolated lesion located in the central thalamus. Visual saccades proved to be normal, whereas for auditory stimuli, the amplitude of the first saccade was asymmetric: saccades ipsilateral to the lesion were significantly smaller than those directed to the contralateral side. The patients were able to make a corrective saccade and hence to improve gain and to decrease gain asymmetry. It is suggested that patients were able to localise auditory targets correctly, but did not correctly take into account eye position during the saccade, probably as a consequence of an inaccurate efference copy (corollary discharge) signal. The findings are in keeping with the hypothesis that the central thalamus deals with saccades that are based on extraretinal signals.
Does Binocular Disparity Facilitate the Detection of Transparent Motion?

Recent physiological studies have established that cortical cells that are tuned for the direction of motion may also exhibit tuning for binocular disparity. This tuning does not appear to provide any advantage in discriminating the direction of global motion in random-dot kinematograms. Here we investigated the possibility that this tuning may be important in the perception of transparent motion. Random-dot kinematograms were presented which contained coherent motion in a single direction or in two opposing directions. A greater proportion of signal dots was required for the detection of transparent motion than of motion in a single direction. This difference vanished when the two opposite directions of motion were presented with different disparities. These results suggest that the direction of global motion can be computed separately for surfaces which are clearly segregated in depth.
The AP2-Like Gene OitaAP2 Is Alternatively Spliced and Differentially Expressed in Inflorescence and Vegetative Tissues of the Orchid Orchis italica

The AP2/ERF proteins are plant-specific transcription factors involved in multiple regulatory pathways, from plant organ development to response to various environmental stresses. One of the mechanisms that regulates the AP2-like genes involves the microRNA miR172, which controls their activity at the post-transcriptional level. Extensive studies on AP2-like genes are available in many different species; however, in orchids, one of the largest plant families, studies are restricted to a few species, all belonging to the Epidendroideae subfamily. In the present study, we report the isolation of an AP2-like gene in the Mediterranean orchid Orchis italica (Orchidoideae). The OitaAP2 locus includes 10 exons and 9 introns, and its transcript is alternatively spliced, resulting in the long OitaAP2 and the short OitaAP2_ISO isoforms, with the latter skipping exon 9. Both isoforms contain the conserved target site for miR172, whose action is demonstrated by the presence of cleaved OitaAP2 mRNA. The OitaAP2 and OitaAP2_ISO mRNAs are present in the tepals and lip before and after anthesis at different expression levels. In addition, the OitaAP2_ISO isoform is expressed in the ovary before pollination and in the root and stem. The isoform-specific expression pattern suggests a functional differentiation of the OitaAP2 alternatively spliced transcripts. The expression profile of miR172 is complementary to that of the OitaAP2 isoforms in inflorescence tissues before anthesis, whereas after anthesis and in ovary tissue before and after pollination, this relationship disappears, suggesting the existence of OitaAP2 inhibitory mechanisms in these tissues that differ from that involving miR172.
Efficient local search for very large-scale satisfiability problems

The satisfiability problem (SAT) is a fundamental problem in mathematical logic, inference, automated reasoning, and computing theory. In this correspondence, we report the results of applying local search techniques to solve the satisfiability problem. While a traditional resolution-based algorithm is not able to handle even moderately sized inference problems, a local search algorithm, tested through years of real program execution, is capable of computing very large-scale inference problems with fast, robust convergence. On a workstation computer, for example, it is able to solve a satisfiability problem with 50,000 clauses and 5,000 variables in a few seconds.
Fertility and Public Policies - Evidence from Norway and Finland

The relatively high and rising fertility rates of Nordic countries in the late 1980s and early 1990s sparked a renewed research interest in the possible pronatalistic effects of generous family policy programs. Several studies have addressed this issue, but few have tried to model policy effects explicitly. The existing evidence so far is mainly from Sweden, where policy indicators have been incorporated in economic fertility models that also control for female wages. This paper complements previous Swedish analyses with evidence from Norway and Finland. The results corroborate earlier findings of a negative effect of female wages. There are also indications of a positive policy impact, as maternity leave extensions are estimated to raise birth rates, although mainly higher parity births and mainly in Finland.
Characterizing and distinguishing text in bank cheque images

The most common goal of automatic bank cheque treatment systems is the recognition of handwritten information. However, in order to do this, it is necessary to use a reliable and efficient process able to identify and to extract the information, which can then be submitted to a further recognition phase. We present a process for identifying and distinguishing between handwritten information and machine printed text based on a set of local features. This process is based on the characterization of textual elements via properties derived from their content and their shape. The main advantage of this process compared with other similar approaches is that no a priori information of the treated document is used, thus making it more generic and effective.
Very high energy gamma-rays from Centaurus X-3: Indications and implications

We present the results of a detailed timing analysis of observations of Cen X-3 taken by the University of Durham Mark 6 imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope in 1997{1999. The presence of a TeV -ray signal at the overall4:5 signicance level in the \fully cut" image selected data, as reported earlier, is conrmed. A search for possible modulations of -rays with the pulsar spin period P0 4:8 s was performed by the step-by-step application of image parameter cuts of gradually increasing hardness. The data of each of 23 days of observations have not revealed any statistically signicant Rayleigh power peak, except for 1 day when a peak with a chance probability p =6 :8 10 7 was found in \soft-cut" data sets. This modulation, if real, is blue shifted by 6.6 ms (>10 3 km s 1 ) from the nominal second harmonic of the X-ray pulsar. Taking the large number of frequency trials into account, the estimated nal probability of nding such a peak by chance still remains <10 2 . Bayesian statistical analysis also indicates the presence of such modulations. We show that the behaviour of the Rayleigh peak disappearing in the fully cut data set is actually quite consistent with the hypothesis of a -ray origin of that peak. No modulation of the VHE -ray signal with the pulsar orbital phase is found. In the second part of the paper we consider dierent theoretical models that could self-consistently explain the existing data from Cen X-3 in high-energy (HE, E 100 MeV) and very high energy (VHE, E 100 GeV) -rays. We propose on the basis of the energetics required that all reasonable options for the -ray production in Cen X-3 must be connected to jets emerging from the inner accretion disc around the neutron star. One of the principal options is a large-scale source, with Rs 10 13 10 14 cm; this assumes eective acceleration of electrons up to 10 TeV by shocks produced by interaction of these jets with the dense atmosphere of the binary. It is shown that such a quasi-stationary model could explain the bulk of the -radiation features observed except for the -ray modulations with the pulsar spin. These modulations, if genuine, would require an alternative source with Rs 10 11 cm. We consider two principal models, hadronic and leptonic, for the formation of such a compact source in the jet. Both models predict that the episodes of pulsed -ray emission may be rather rare, with a typical duration not exceeding a few hours, and that generally the frequency of pulsations should be signicantly shifted from the nominal frequency of the X-ray pulsar. The opportunities to distinguish between dierent models by means of future -ray observations of this X-ray binary are also discussed.
Effects of a computerized provider order entry and a clinical decision support system to improve cefazolin use in surgical prophylaxis: a cost saving analysis

Background: Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) and Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) help practitioners to choose evidence-based decisions, regarding patients’ needs. Despite its use in developed countries, in Brazil, the impact of a CPOE/CDSS to improve cefazolin use in surgical prophylaxis was not assessed yet. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of a CDSS to improve the use of prophylactic cefazolin and to assess the cost savings associated to inappropriate prescribing. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that compared two different scenarios: one prior CPOE/CDSS versus after software implementation. We conducted twelve years of data analysis (3 years prior and 9 years after CDSS implementation), where main outcomes from this study included: cefazolin Defined Daily Doses/100 bed-days (DDD), crude costs and product of costs-DDD (cost-DDD/100 bed-days). We applied a Spearman rho non-parametric test to assess the reduction of cefazolin consumption through the years. Results: In twelve years, 84,383 vials of cefazolin were dispensed and represented 38.89 DDD/100 bed-days or USD 44,722.99. Surgical wards were the largest drug prescribers and comprised >95% of our studied sample. While in 2002, there were 6.31 DDD/100 bed-days, 9 years later there was a reduction to 2.15 (p<0.05). In a scenario without CDSS, the hospital would have consumed 75.72 DDD/100 bed-days, which is equivalent to USD 116 998.07. It is estimated that CDSS provided USD 50,433.39 of cost savings. Conclusion: The implementation of a CPOE/CDSS helped to improve prophylactic cefazolin use by reducing its consumption and estimated direct costs.
Scaling Up Success for English Language Learners in Charter Schools: Exploring the Role of Charter School Authorizers

Abstract The population of English language learners (ELLs) and the number of charter school students have both increased rapidly over the past two decades, but no existing research has examined the role that charter school authorizers play to ensure that ELLs have equitable access to charter schools and that those schools implement research-based programs for ELLs. To fill this gap, our exploratory qualitative study employed a multiple-case case study approach to examine how 10 diverse authorizers considered ELLs in their authorizing practices. Guided by Honig’s (2006) three Ps framework (people, places, and practices), we examined how authorizing practices were shaped by external factors, the agency of the actors within the authorizing office, and by the local context in which the authorizer was situated. Overall we found that ELL-related authorizing practices varied widely across the sample, as some authorizers integrated ELLs into their practices, while others paid little explicit attention to ELLs. In terms of place, contextual factors at the state, district, and authorizer levels contributed to the variation. Within the people component of the framework, the commitment of authorizing staff members to improve access and quality for ELLs in charter schools was an important factor, as was the authorizer’s access to ELL-related expertise. We conclude by outlining implications for research, practice, and policy.
Development of an online social network for teachers and parents of students with multiple disabilities

Our research sets out to ascertain how Social Software tools can be used to support teachers and parents of students with multiple disabilities in order to meet their needs and difficulties. By using the NING platform, we built an online social network that was streamlined for eight months with 45 participants. We achieved many of our original goals while using design-based research and various techniques of collecting and analysing data. The results show that the creation of an informal learning context, which allowed for sharing experiences and building knowledge, was rated very positively by participants. It involved a plural reality with different participation levels: the more active members adopted more "critical" and "creative" positions while the more passive ones took on the position of "collector", "spectator" and of someone who was more "inactive". We conclude that the potential of Social Software is enabled by the use it is given by the participants and that it is an effective means of overcoming the isolation felt by parents and teachers of children and young people with multiple disabilities.
Sera of Overweight Patients Alter Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis of BoneMarrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, a Phenomenon that also Persists inWeight Loss Individuals

Background: Overweight and obesity represents a complex interaction of genetics, diet, metabolism, and physical activity. Abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation increases the risk of pathologies, such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Methods and results: In a previous paper, we investigated the influence of overweight individuals’ sera on in vitro biology of mesenchymal stromal cells, which contain a subpopulation of multipotent stem cells. This report extended the study by evaluating effects of sera collected from weight loss patients on stromal cultures. Results showed that an increase in fat mass induces physiological changes that negatively impact on stromal stem cell adipogenesis and osteogenesis with a bias toward adipocyte differentiation. This phenomenon occurred with sera from overweight patients and persisted also with sera of individuals that underwent loss of weight. Significant changes in obesity related cytokines were detected in sera of overweight and weight loss compared to healthy weight individuals. These changes may explain some of the biological effects detected on stromal stem cell functions.
Constructing Communication Profiles by Clustering Selected Network Traffic Attributes

Large-scale IP networks cause special challenges to the security. The network consists of a large number of devices with a vast variety of traffic behavior. Implementation of the intrusion detection and monitoring mechanisms are often ineffective or require a lot of hardware and human resources. In this paper we present a methodology to construct communication profiles by making a time series and clusters from selected network attributes. Using the method we can divide the network devices into different groups by their traffic behavior even if we don’t know the role of each device or the network topology. Most appropriate intrusion detection or monitoring mechanisms can be assigned to each device according to its profile. It is also possible to monitor the changes in the devices’ behavior by inspecting their changes from constructed profile cluster to another. The changes between different profiles can be considered abnormal or common variation in the usage.
Feigenbaum Graphs: A Complex Network Perspective of Chaos

The recently formulated theory of horizontal visibility graphs transforms time series into graphs and allows the possibility of studying dynamical systems through the characterization of their associated networks. This method leads to a natural graph-theoretical description of nonlinear systems with qualities in the spirit of symbolic dynamics. We support our claim via the case study of the period-doubling and band-splitting attractor cascades that characterize unimodal maps. We provide a universal analytical description of this classic scenario in terms of the horizontal visibility graphs associated with the dynamics within the attractors, that we call Feigenbaum graphs, independent of map nonlinearity or other particulars. We derive exact results for their degree distribution and related quantities, recast them in the context of the renormalization group and find that its fixed points coincide with those of network entropy optimization. Furthermore, we show that the network entropy mimics the Lyapunov exponent of the map independently of its sign, hinting at a Pesin-like relation equally valid out of chaos.
Theory of Neutrino-Atom Collisions: The History, Present Status, and BSM Physics

An overview of the current theoretical studies on neutrino-atom scattering processes is presented. The ionization channel of these processes, which is studied in experiments searching for neutrino magnetic moments, is brought into focus. Recent developments in the theory of atomic ionization by impact of reactor antineutrinos are discussed. It is shown that the stepping approximation is well applicable for the data analysis practically down to the ionization threshold.