Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CMFT: Contrastive Memory Feature Transfer for Nonshared-and-Imbalanced Unsupervised Domain Adaption

Recently, nonshared-and-imbalanced unsupervised domain adaption has been proposed to fix domain shift from Big Data source domain with long-tail distribution to specific small target domain with imbalanced distribution, including two challenges: 1) nonshared classes sharing in big data with long-tail distribution; and 2) imbalanced domain adaptation. Prior approaches explore knowledge sharing between classes to improve performance of unsupervised domain adaption methods. However these methods have inductive bias for prior tree or graph. And previous contrastive domain adaptation methods take center-based prototypes as positive samples which only coarsely characterize the domain structure, and fail to depict the local data structure. To fix these problems, we propose a novel framework called contrastive memory feature transfer (CMFT). To solve nonshared data sharing without inductive bias, we build a centroid memory based directed memory transfer mechanism to enhance imbalanced class features with similar nonshared class centroid. To address the imbalanced domain adaptation, we design a fault-tolerant and fine-grained neighborhood prototype for the contrastive learning which can narrow the domain shift. The proposed CMFT outperforms previous methods on most benchmarks.
Beam-laser and cascade-corrected beam-foil measurements of the lifetimes of the 5p levels in singly-ionized cadmium

Beam-laser and beam-foil measurements of the lifetimes of the 5p 2Po levels in Cd II are used to obtain the f-value of the 5s2S-5p 2Po multiplet. The beam-laser results give an f-value of 0.745 ± 0.012 while the beam-foil results incorporating cascade correction give 0.708 ± 0.045, the large uncertainty coming mainly from a 6% uncertainty in the post-foil ion velocity. The results are discussed in light of the experimental and theoretical data available for the lower-Z ions of the Ag I isoelectronic sequence.
The inactive-active phase transition in the noisy additive (exclusive-or) probabilistic cellular automaton

We investigate the inactive-active phase transition in an array of additive (exclusive-or) cellular automata under noise. The model is closely related with the Domany-Kinzel probabilistic cellular automaton, for which there are rigorous as well as numerical estimates on the transition probabilities. Here we characterize the critical behavior of the noisy additive cellular automaton by mean field analysis and finite-size scaling and show that its phase transition belongs to the directed percolation universality class of critical behavior. As a by-product of our analysis, we argue that the critical behavior of the noisy elementary CA 90 and 102 (in Wolfram's enumeration scheme) must be the same. We also perform an empirical investigation of the mean field equations to assess their quality and find that away from the critical point (but not necessarily very far away) the mean field approximations provide a reasonably good description of the dynamics of the PCA.
Computational modelling of potential Zn-sensitive non-β-lactam inhibitors of imipenemase-1 (IMP-1)

Abstract Antibiotic resistance (AR) remains one of the leading global health challenges, mostly implicated in disease-related deaths. The Enterobacteriaceae-producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are critically involved in AR pathogenesis through Zn-dependent catalytic destruction of β-lactam antibiotics, yet with limited successful clinical inhibitors. The efficacy of relevant broad-spectrum β-lactams including imipenem and meropenem are seriously challenged by their susceptibility to the Zn-dependent carbapenemase hydrolysis, as such, searching for alternatives remains imperative. In this study, computational molecular modelling and virtual screening methods were extensively applied to identify new putative Zn-sensitive broad-spectrum inhibitors of MBLs, specifically imipenemase-1 (IMP-1) from the IBScreen database. Three ligands, STOCK3S-30154, STOCK3S-30418 and STOCK3S-30514 selectively displayed stronger binding interactions with the enzymes compared to reference inhibitors, imipenem and meropenem. For instance, the ligands showed molecular docking scores of −9.450, −8.005 and −10.159 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA values of −40.404, −31.902 and −33.680 kcal/mol respectively against the IMP-1. Whereas, imipenem and meropenem showed docking scores of −9.038 and −10.875 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA of −31.184 and −32.330 kcal/mol respectively against the enzyme. The ligands demonstrated good thermodynamic stability and compactness in complexes with IMP-1 throughout the 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories. Interestingly, their binding affinities and stabilities were significantly affected in contacts with the remodelled Zn-deficient IMP-1, indicating sensitivity to the carbapenemase active Zn site, however, with non-β-lactam scaffolds, tenable to resist catalytic hydrolysis. They displayed ideal drug-like ADMET properties, thus, representing putative Zn-sensitive non-β-lactam inhibitors of IMP-1 amenable for further experimental studies. Graphical Abstract Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
The shape of Io from Galileo limb measurements

Abstract Galileo CCD images of the limb of Io provide improved data for determining the shape of this synchronously rotating satellite. The best ellipsoidal fit is within 0.3 km of the best equilibrium fit of 1829.7, 1819.2, 1815.8 km. The shape is consistent with substantial mass concentration in a core and with gravity measurements from tracking of the Galileo spacecraft. The surface of Io is largely plains and isolated peaks, with little long-wavelength topography over 1 km in amplitude.
Preoperative predictive factors affecting sentinel lymph node positivity in breast cancer and comparison of their effectiveness with existing nomograms

This study aimed to establish a strong regression model by revealing the preoperative predictive factors for sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity in patients with early stage breast cancer (ESBC). In total, 445 patients who underwent SLN dissection for ESBC were included. All data that may be potential predictors of SLN positivity were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor size >2 cm, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) + status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), palpable tumor, microcalcifications, multifocality or multicentricity, and axillary ultrasonographic findings were defined as independent predictors of SLN involvement. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values were 0.797, 0.808, and 0.870 for the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomogram, MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) nomogram, and our regression model, respectively (P < .001). The recent model for predicting SLN status in ESBC was found to be stronger than existing nomograms. Parameters not included in current nomograms, such as palpable tumors, microcalcifications, and axillary ultrasonographic findings, are likely to make this model more meaningful.
SPOTX a ray tracing software for X-ray optics

The most general way to determine the characteristics of an image is by ray tracing. Ray tracing is a simulation technique that allows to perform computer experiments with a given optical system at a very low cost. Ray tracing simulations are performed to obtain quantitative descriptions of several experimental parameters. It is a common tool in the visible region of the spectrum where several commercial packages are available. These packages are not well suited for the x-ray domain because x-ray optics are used in grazing incidence or strongly off-axis. To perform X-ray optics simulations, we have developed SPOTX a ray tracing software for the X-ray domain. In this paper, we will present several examples concerning optical design simulation in different domains such as synchrotron radiation beamline, x- ray plasma spectroscopy and x-ray laser focusing. We will also present the user friendly graphical interface allowing to quickly define the optical design under consideration.
Accurate potential drop sheet resistance measurements of laser-doped areas in semiconductors

It is investigated how potential drop sheet resistance measurements of areas formed by laser-assisted doping in crystalline Si wafers are affected by typically occurring experimental factors like sample size, inhomogeneities, surface roughness, or coatings. Measurements are obtained with a collinear four point probe setup and a modified transfer length measurement setup to measure sheet resistances of laser-doped lines. Inhomogeneities in doping depth are observed from scanning electron microscope images and electron beam induced current measurements. It is observed that influences from sample size, inhomogeneities, surface roughness, and coatings can be neglected if certain preconditions are met. Guidelines are given on how to obtain accurate potential drop sheet resistance measurements on laser-doped regions.
Voltage Fluctuation Based Monitoring Scheme of Submodule Capacitors in Modular Multilevel Converter

Submodule (SM) capacitor is one of the critical components in modular multilevel converter (MMC) and will gradually age with the working time increasing, which brings potential challenges for the systems reliability. This article proposes a novel online capacitance monitoring scheme for SM capacitors. Based on the voltage variations on rising and falling edge of power switches’ operation, the aging capacitors can be monitored in real-time. Meanwhile, the proposed capacitance monitoring scheme is based on the mathematical model of the systems and has good applicability. It has no any impact on the normal operation of the MMC systems, no special requirement for the modulation method and no need for additional hardware circuits. For the proposed capacitance monitoring scheme, it can be implemented in parallel mode or sequential mode based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Finally, simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and experimentation in a single-phase MMC prototype with 8 SMs per arm are built to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Consumption of Key Food Groups by Individuals Consuming Popular Diet Patterns: Mixed Effects of Replacing Foods High in Added Sugar, Sodium, Saturated Fat, and Refined Grains

Adults in the United States are increasingly following ‘popular’ diet patterns that restrict food groups, macronutrients, or eating time. However, the intake of food groups associated with these diet patterns has not been well characterized. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize the mean intake of food groups among consumers of popular diet patterns in the US, and (2) model the effect of targeted food substitutions on the intake of food groups. Data were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018 (n = 34,411). A diet model was developed to assess the effects of replacing one serving each of foods highest in added sugar, sodium, saturated fat, and refined grains with healthy alternatives on the intake of key food groups for each diet pattern. Modeled replacement resulted in increased intake of fruit and whole grains and decreased intake of dairy for most diet patterns, while the effects on the intake of vegetables, protein foods, and oils were variable across diet patterns. The complexity of the natural eating environment, in which many people consume mixed dishes that include both healthy and less healthy ingredients, produces a challenge for health professionals when providing dietary counseling. Nevertheless, this substitution approach may help improve adherence to dietary guidelines, especially if used as a steppingstone for further dietary improvement.
The Association Between Financial Incentives and Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Six Provinces of China

Objective This study aims to explore the association between financial incentives and job performance of primary care providers (PCPs) from a nationally representative survey in China. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in six provinces of China in 2019. A sample of 1388 PCPs participated in the survey was selected using a stratified cluster sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire composed of socio-demographic, work-related characteristics, financial incentives received by PCPs and their job performance was used. The association between financial incentives and job performance are analyzed using logistic regression model. The significance level for statistics is set at P < 0.05. Results The PCPs with higher real income level have lower contextual performance (OR = 0.67, p < 0.01) and learning performance (OR = 0.63, p < 0.01) than those with lower real income level. The PCPs with the expectation of income rising above 50% have lower contextual performance (OR = 0.66, p < 0.05) than those with the expectation of income rising above 20%. The PCPs with preference for monetary income have lower task performance (OR = 0.62, p < 0.01), contextual performance (OR = 0.55, p < 0.01) and learning performance (OR = 0.57, p < 0.01) than those without lower preference for monetary income. The percent of performance-based income has no significant effect on all the three dimensions of job performance. Conclusion Financial incentive was regarded as the most important motivating factor of PCPs in China, but existing financial incentives received by PCPs could not improve their job performance. The findings can be attributed to the unsatisfying total income level, “intrinsic motivation crowding out” effect, and the poorly designed performance-based salary system for PCPs. Policy attention is called for to continuing efforts and system reform to increase the total income level for PCPs in China, and improve the performance-based salary system to better motivate PCPs and improve their job performance.
Three-dimensional filling flow into a model left ventricle

A numerical study of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics inside a model left ventricle during diastole is presented. The ventricle is modelled as a portion of a prolate spheroid with a moving wall, whose dynamics is externally forced to agree with a simplified waveform of the entering flow. The flow equations are written in the meridian body-fitted system of coordinates, and expanded in the azimuthal direction using the Fourier representation. The harmonics of the dependent variables are normalized in such a way that they automatically satisfy the high-order regularity conditions of the solution at the singular axis of the system of coordinates. The resulting equations are solved numerically using a mixed spectral–finite differences technique. The flow dynamics is analysed by varying the governing parameters, in order to understand the main fluid phenomena in an expanding ventricle, and to obtain some insight into the physiological pattern commonly detected. The flow is characterized by a well-defined structure of vorticity that is found to be the same for all values of the parameters, until, at low values of the Strouhal number, the flow develops weak turbulence.
Wear prediction considering dynamic load for spur gear in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication

In this work, a wear prediction model considering the dynamic load is proposed for spur gears in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). The dynamic load is calculated by gear dynamic model. Combining gear wear model and dynamic model, the wear depth under the dynamic load is determined and compared with that under quasi-static load. The comparative results show that the maximum wear depth under dynamic load is significantly larger than that under quasi-static load near engaging-in point. The effects of fractional film defect coefficient on wear depth are considerable under dynamic load, which is closely related to gear contact temperature. Furthermore, the effects of surface roughness and gear geometrical parameters on wear depth are studied. The investigation reveals that the wear depth decreases with the increased tooth width, module and pressure angle, but increases with the surface roughness. It illustrates that gear wear depth under the dynamic load can be reduced by optimizing gear geometrical parameters.
Integral Transforms of the Hilfer-Type Fractional Derivatives

In this paper, some important properties concerning the Hilfer-type fractional derivative are discussed. Integral transforms for these operators are derived as particular cases of the Jafari transform, Mellin transform and Fourier transform. These integral transforms are used to derive a fractional version of the fundamental theorem of calculus. An application is get with the Jafari transform and nite Hankel transform to obtain the analytical solution to fractional radial diffusion equation in terms of the \(\kappa\)-Hilfer fractional derivative.
An analysis of the pilot point methodology for automated calibration of an ensemble of conditionally simulated transmissivity fields

An analysis of the pilot point method for automated calibration of an ensemble of conditionally simulated transmissivity fields was conducted on the basis of the simplifying assumption that the flow model is a linear function of log transmissivity. The analysis shows that the pilot point and conditional simulation method of model calibration and uncertainty analysis can produce accurate uncertainty measures if it can be assumed that errors of unknown origin in the differences between observed and model‐computed water pressures are small. When this assumption is not met, the method could yield significant errors from overparameterization and the neglect of potential sources of model inaccuracy. The conditional simulation part of the method is also shown to be a variant of the percentile bootstrap method, so that when applied to a nonlinear model, the method is subject to bootstrap errors. These sources of error must be considered when using the method.
Approximation on slabs and uniqueness for Bernoulli percolation with a sublattice of defects

Let L d = ( Z d , E d ) be the d -dimensional hypercubic lattice. We consider a model of inhomogeneous Bernoulli percolation on L d in which every edge inside the s -dimensional sublattice Z s × { 0 } d − s , 2 ≤ s < d , is open with probability q and every other edge is open with probability p . We prove the uniqueness of the inﬁnite cluster in the supercritical regime whenever p (cid:54) = p c ( d ) and 2 ≤ s < d − 1 , full uniqueness when s = d − 1 and that the critical point ( p, q c ( p )) can be approximated on the phase space by the critical points of slabs, for any p < p c ( d ) , where p c ( d ) denotes the threshold for homogeneous percolation.
A melting-layer model and its use in correcting for the bright band in single-polarization radar echoes

A new dynamic microphysical model of the melting layer is presented, developed from a previous model. This new model is applied to obtain vertical reflectivity profiles (VRPs) and vertical attenuation profiles (VAPs) through the melting layer which both allow for and neglect propagation effects. The model profiles are compared with measured profiles at a range of different frequencies; in particular, a detailed comparison was made for frequencies in the X-band. The VRPs are used to generate relations between bright-band peak-intensity and surface rainfall-rate, R0, at frequencies in the S-, C- and X-bands. Relations between other model bright-band parameters and R0 are found to be more complicated functions of model-input parameters. The model profiles are also applied to the problem of correcting for the radar bright-band in the Meteorological Office's radar data. Early results, from three detailed case studies, seem promising; however, the technique has yet to be tested in an operational environment.
The roles and impacts of worldviews in the context of meditation-related challenges

Previous research has shown that worldviews can serve as a coping response to periods of difficulty or struggle, and worldviews can also change on account of difficulty. This paper investigates the impacts worldviews have on the nature and trajectory of meditation-related challenges, as well as how worldviews change or are impacted by such challenges. The context of meditation-related challenges provided by data from the Varieties of Contemplative Experience research project offers a unique insight into the dynamics between worldviews and meditation. Buddhist meditation practitioners and meditation experts interviewed for the study report how, for some, worldviews can serve as a risk factor impacting the onset and trajectory of meditation-related challenges, while, for others, worldviews (e.g., being given a worldview, applying a worldview, or changing a worldview) were reported as a remedy for mitigating challenging experiences and/or their associated distress. Buddhist meditation practitioners and teachers in the contemporary West are also situated in a cultural context in which religious and scientific worldviews and explanatory frameworks are dually available. Furthermore, the context of “Buddhist modernism” has also promoted a unique configuration in which the theory and practice of Buddhism is presented as being closely compatible with science. We identify and discuss the various impacts that religious and scientific worldviews have on meditation practitioners and meditation teachers who navigate periods of challenge associated with the practice.
The formation of cyanopolyyne molecules in IRC + 10216

Molecule formation in the outer envelope of the carbon-rich star IRC + 10216 is investigated, with special emphasis on the chemistry of the cyanopolyynes HC(i)N (i = 3, 5, 7). Basic elements of the photochemical model of Glassgold et al. (1986) are revised. A dust model suitable to IRC + 10216 is used for which the extinction properties in the far-UV are those of 500 A amorphous carbon particles. A new chemical route to the formation of large cyanopolyynes is proposed, based on reactions of the radicals C3N and C5N with acetylene, and shown to be efficient. Our results agree qualitatively with observations of the spatial distributions of HCN, CN, HC3N, and C3N, but the calculated column densities of the higher-order cyanopolyynes appear to be too small. The amount of the allenic radical HC2N produced by molecular ion reactions with atomic N agrees with recent observations.
Unguided plasmon-mode resonance in optically excited thin film: exact modal description of Kretschmann–Raether experiment

With the aim of studying electromagnetic surface wave resonance, we rigorously solve the homogeneous and inhomogeneous problem associated with an optically excited thin metallic film. We then demonstrate unambiguously that the excited eigenmode engendering plasmonic resonance in the so-called Kretschmann–Raether configuration is an unguided mode (i.e., with an anti-evanescent structure). This result, challenging the classical interpretation of the outgoing wave condition applied to surface waves, permits a quantitative interpretation of the attenuated total reflection curves.
Analysis of target wavefront error for secondary mirror of a spaceborne telescope

During the fabrication of an aspherical mirror, the inspection of the residual wavefront error is critical. In the program of a spaceborne telescope development, primary mirror is made of ZERODUR with clear aperture of 450 mm. The mass is 10 kg after lightweighting. Deformation of mirror due to gravity is expected; hence uniform supporting measured by load cells has been applied to reduce the gravity effect. Inspection has been taken to determine the residual wavefront error at the configuration of mirror face upwards. Correction polishing has been performed according to the measurement. However, after comparing with the data measured by bench test while the primary mirror is at a configuration of mirror face horizontal, deviations have been found for the two measurements. Optical system that is not able to meet the requirement is predicted according to the measured wavefront error by bench test. A target wavefront error of secondary mirror is therefore analyzed to correct that of primary mirror. Optical performance accordingly is presented.