Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluidized bed film coating of an ordered powder mixture to produce microencapsulated ordered units

Very finely divided particulate salicylic acid (2–5 μm) was microencapsulated using conventional fluidized bed coating techniques. The process involved spray coating a preformed ordered mixture, in which the micronized particles are adsorbed on the surface of a coarser carrier material. The mixtures contained 0·1, 1·0 and 5·0% weight of microfine model drug (salicylic acid). Between 75 and 95% of the micronized particles were retained on the carrier surface beneath the film. This process offers a novel method of microencapsulating very fine particulate materials, which may find an application in the production of enteric coated and sustained release microdose products. A recent publication on electrostatic charge interactions in ordered mixtures reported that the addition of a third component can affect the stability of a binary ordered mixture. Addition of 2% talc increased the stability of some mixtures during coating and resulted in the microencapsulation of a significantly greater amount of micronized model drug. A 0·1% salicylic acid binary ordered mixture retained 74% of model drug beneath the film, the 0.1% ternary mixture (2% talc) gave a mean retention of 99%.
Defining spoken language benchmarks and selecting measures of expressive language development for young children with autism spectrum disorders.

PURPOSE The aims of this article are twofold: (a) to offer a set of recommended measures that can be used for evaluating the efficacy of interventions that target spoken language acquisition as part of treatment research studies or for use in applied settings and (b) to propose and define a common terminology for describing levels of spoken language ability in the expressive modality and to set benchmarks for determining a child's language level in order to establish a framework for comparing outcomes across intervention studies. METHOD The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders assembled a group of researchers with interests and experience in the study of language development and disorders in young children with autism spectrum disorders. The group worked for 18 months through a series of conference calls and correspondence, culminating in a meeting held in December 2007 to achieve consensus on these aims. RESULTS The authors recommend moving away from using the term functional speech, replacing it with a developmental framework. Rather, they recommend multiple sources of information to define language phases, including natural language samples, parent report, and standardized measures. They also provide guidelines and objective criteria for defining children's spoken language expression in three major phases that correspond to developmental levels between 12 and 48 months of age.
Dynamic proxy generation for a Service-Oriented Architecture simulator

System-level simulation is gaining popularity. However, the design of current framework oriented simulation environments does not easily support model refinement and multiple model of computation simulation. We are developing a service-oriented architecture (SOA) system simulator, ESys.Net 3, that addresses these lacks but one major milestone in its development is to be able to solve the instantiation problem introduced by the separation of modeling and simulation concerns concept. In this article, we introduce this issue, and we propose an elegant dynamic proxy generator solution, ProGen, to address it allowing us to provide a significant asset for our SOA system-level simulator architecture.
The Influence of Negative Emotion on Cognitive and Emotional Control Remains Intact in Aging

Healthy aging is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive control and inhibition of interferences, while emotional control is either preserved or facilitated. Emotional control regulates the processing of emotional conflicts such as in irony in speech, and cognitive control resolves conflict between non-affective tendencies. While negative emotion can trigger control processes and speed up resolution of both cognitive and emotional conflicts, we know little about how aging affects the interaction of emotion and control. In two EEG experiments, we compared the influence of negative emotion on cognitive and emotional conflict processing in groups of younger adults (mean age = 25.2 years) and older adults (69.4 years). Participants viewed short video clips and either categorized spoken vowels (cognitive conflict) or their emotional valence (emotional conflict), while the visual facial information was congruent or incongruent. Results show that negative emotion modulates both cognitive and emotional conflict processing in younger and older adults as indicated in reduced response times and/or enhanced event-related potentials (ERPs). In emotional conflict processing, we observed a valence-specific N100 ERP component in both age groups. In cognitive conflict processing, we observed an interaction of emotion by congruence in the N100 responses in both age groups, and a main effect of congruence in the P200 and N200. Thus, the influence of emotion on conflict processing remains intact in aging, despite a marked decline in cognitive control. Older adults may prioritize emotional wellbeing and preserve the role of emotion in cognitive and emotional control.
The Effect of Single-Sex Instruction in a Large, Urban, At-Risk High School

The authors used mixed methods to evaluate over 2 years the effectiveness of single-sex instruction (SSI) on achievement outcomes, instructional practices, teacher efficacy, student behaviors, and classroom culture in an urban, at-risk high school primarily composed of individuals from disadvantaged populations. Students grouped according to sex in algebra and English classes were compared with coeducational students by assessment of course grades, standardized test scores, classroom observations, surveys, teacher interviews, and a focus group discussion. Achievement results associated with SSI were inconsistent, with gains shifting between groups. The authors observed gains in algebra achievement for SSI in Year 1 but not in Year 2. Differences in English achievement were not observed between SSI and coeducational groups. Standardized test results indicated superior performance for coeducational students. SSI provided a supportive environment for girls, inducing greater participation and academic risk-taking. Teachers believed that the SSI environment was conducive to learning, whereas students denounced both the social and the academic benefits of SSI.
A Novel zf-MYND Protein, CHB-3, Mediates Guanylyl Cyclase Localization to Sensory Cilia and Controls Body Size of Caenorhabditis elegans

Cilia are important sensory organelles, which are thought to be essential regulators of numerous signaling pathways. In Caenorhabditis elegans, defects in sensory cilium formation result in a small-body phenotype, suggesting the role of sensory cilia in body size determination. Previous analyses suggest that lack of normal cilia causes the small-body phenotype through the activation of a signaling pathway which consists of the EGL-4 cGMP-dependent protein kinase and the GCY-12 receptor-type guanylyl cyclase. By genetic suppressor screening of the small-body phenotype of a cilium defective mutant, we identified a chb-3 gene. Genetic analyses placed chb-3 in the same pathway as egl-4 and gcy-12 and upstream of egl-4. chb-3 encodes a novel protein, with a zf-MYND motif and ankyrin repeats, that is highly conserved from worm to human. In chb-3 mutants, GCY-12 guanylyl cyclase visualized by tagged GFP (GCY-12::GFP) fails to localize to sensory cilia properly and accumulates in cell bodies. Our analyses suggest that decreased GCY-12 levels in the cilia of chb-3 mutants may cause the suppression of the small-body phenotype of a cilium defective mutant. By observing the transport of GCY-12::GFP particles along the dendrites to the cilia in sensory neurons, we found that the velocities and the frequencies of the particle movement are decreased in chb-3 mutant animals. How membrane proteins are trafficked to cilia has been the focus of extensive studies in vertebrates and invertebrates, although only a few of the relevant proteins have been identified. Our study defines a new regulator, CHB-3, in the trafficking process and also shows the importance of ciliary targeting of the signaling molecule, GCY-12, in sensory-dependent body size regulation in C. elegans. Given that CHB-3 is highly conserved in mammal, a similar system may be used in the trafficking of signaling proteins to the cilia of other species.
[Normality tables of the population in Cuba for the psychometric tests used in the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy].

OBJECTIVES Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is the subclinical stage pre-clinical development of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients, in addition to associated with impaired quality of life of these patients and an increased risk of accidents and disability of driving. The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) is currently considered the diagnostic method of choice in the diagnosis of MHE. The objective of this work was to design tables PHES normality for the Cuban population. MATERIAL AND METHOD A sample composed of 520 healthy people in the provinces of Villa Clara, Sancti Spiritus and Cienfuegos were studied. They made the 5 tests included in the PHES. The variables age, sex, years of education, origin, and daily alcohol consumption were analyzed. By t test of Student, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient univariate analysis. an analysis of multiple linear regression for each test was performed and normal tables were constructed. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis (multiple linear regression) age and years of schooling were the two independent variables related to performance in each of the 5 tests. CONCLUSIONS The availability of tables PHES normality will provide a diagnostic method applicable reference to patients with liver cirrhosis Cubans, without the need to configure controlled for age and education level regional groups.
Complementarity of Politics and Administration as a Legitimate Alternative to the Dichotomy Model

Although the politics-administration dichotomy model has frequently been presented as historically important but conceptually and empirically faulty, the criticisms have missed two fundamental points. First, it is not—as commonly presumed—the founding theory of public administration in the United States but rather a poorly grounded characterization of the early literature that took hold in the late 1950s. The term dichotomy was rarely used before that time and never used by the “founders” of the field who were supposed to have invented the model. Second, there is an alternative model of complementarity that has been present in the literature from Wilson onward. It stresses interdependency, reciprocal influence, and extensive interaction between elected officials and administrators along with recognition of the need for distinct roles and political supremacy. The politics-administration complementarity model—elaborated here with references to the “old” public administration literature prior to 1960—offers a strong foundation on which we can build.
Transforming cabbage into turnip: polynomial algorithm for sorting signed permutations by reversals

Genomes frequently evolve by reversals &rgr;(<italic>i,j</italic>) that transform a gene order π<subscrpt>1</subscrpt> … π<subscrpt><italic>i</italic></subscrpt>π<subscrpt><italic>i</italic>+1</subscrpt> … π<subscrpt><italic>j</italic>-1</subscrpt>π<subscrpt><italic>j</italic></subscrpt> … π<subscrpt><italic>n</italic></subscrpt> into π<subscrpt>1</subscrpt> … π<subscrpt><italic>i</italic></subscrpt>π<subscrpt><italic>j</italic>-1</subscrpt> … π<subscrpt><italic>i</italic>+1</subscrpt>π<subscrpt><italic>j</italic></subscrpt> … π<subscrpt><italic>n</italic></subscrpt>. Reversal distance between permutations π and &sgr;is the minimum number of reversals to transform π into &Agr;. Analysis of genome rearrangements in molecular biology started in the late 1930's, when Dobzhansky and Sturtevant published a milestone paper presenting a rearrangement scenario with 17 inversions between the species of <italic>Drosophilia</italic>. Analysis of genomes evolving by inversions leads to a combinatorial problem of <italic>sorting by reversals</italic> studied in detail recently. We study sorting of <italic>signed</italic> permutations by reversals, a problem that adequately models rearrangements in a small genomes like chloroplast or mitochondrial DNA. The previously suggested approximation algorithms for sorting signed permutations by reversals compute the <italic>reversal distance</italic> between permutations with an astonishing accuracy for both simulated and biological data. We prove a duality theorem explaining this intriguing performance and show that there exists a “hidden” parameter that allows one to compute the reversal distance between signed permutations in polynomial time.
The Relative Utility of ‘Pleasantness’ and ‘Liking’ Dimensions in Predicting the Emotions Expressed by Music

The relative utility of the ‘pleasantness’ and ‘liking’ dimensions in predicting emotions expressed by music was investigated. The sample of 121 undergraduates (79 female, 42 male) listened to four songs representing each of the four quadrants of the circumplex model of emotion and rated each song on pleasantness, liking, arousal, familiarity, and the expression of eight emotions. The findings indicated that the emotions expressed in these diverse pieces of music were quite reliably predicted by a combination of the arousal, pleasantness, and familiarity variables, although the amount of variance accounted for by these equations was moderate at best. Pleasantness also represented a more useful predictor of emotions expressed than did liking when the circumplex model of emotion was applied to the musical domain.
Characterization of Antirrhinum Petal Development and Identification of Target Genes of the Class B MADS Box Gene DEFICIENSw⃞

The class B MADS box transcription factors DEFICIENS (DEF) and GLOBOSA (GLO) of Antirrhinum majus together control the organogenesis of petals and stamens. Toward an understanding of how the downstream molecular mechanisms controlled by DEF contribute to petal organogenesis, we conducted expression profiling experiments using macroarrays comprising >11,600 annotated Antirrhinum unigenes. First, four late petal developmental stages were compared with sepals. More than 500 ESTs were identified that comprise a large number of stage-specifically regulated genes and reveal a highly dynamic transcriptional regulation. For identification of DEF target genes that might be directly controlled by DEF, we took advantage of the temperature-sensitive def-101 mutant. To enhance the sensitivity of the profiling experiments, one petal developmental stage was selected, characterized by increased transcriptome changes that reflect the onset of cell elongation processes replacing cell division processes. Upon reduction of the DEF function, 49 upregulated and 52 downregulated petal target genes were recovered. Eight target genes were further characterized in detail by RT-PCR and in situ studies. Expression of genes responding rapidly toward an altered DEF activity is confined to different petal tissues, demonstrating the complexity of the DEF function regulating diverse basic processes throughout petal morphogenesis.
Improvement of muscle flexibility

Forty-seven male subjects were randomly assigned to 4 different groups. Three groups of 10 subjects trained three times a week with a modified contract-relax (CR) method for improving muscle flexibility. Seventeen sub jects trained during the same time with a traditional ballistic stretch (BS) method. After 30 days (14 training sessions) the latter group switched over to the CR method. The results showed that the CR method was significantly better than the BS method for improving muscle flexibility in the four different, bilateral muscle groups studied. After the initial 30 days the three groups of 10 subjects trained one, three, and five times a week, respectively, for another 30 days. The results showed that once a week was enough to maintain improved flexibility, while three and five times a week increased it further. The former BS group improved muscle flexibility between the 30th and 60th day, as expected from the results of the initial 30 days with the three CR groups, when training with the CR method three times a week.
Topic organization in conversation

1. In this paper I will analyze some of the procedures used by Italian conversationalists to accomplish topic organization in conversation. Underlying my analysis are the following basic assumptions: 1. Conversation is structured. 2. This structure is accomplished step by step, turn by turn, by conversationalists. It is achieved by means of 'interactional work'. 3. The structuring process is based on the mutual exchange of Signals— verbal and nonverbal—or cues, among the participants, who communicate what is going on and the direction the conversation is taking; we can call these signaling devices 'markers', since they mark the structuring work being done. 4. Finally, to capture any kind of structure in conversation (topical, in our case) it is essential to locate the different markers which make interactional work visible. These four assumptions are shared by everyone working in the mainstream of conversation analysis, but a fifth should be added, one brought out by Gumperz and Cicourel in their work in interactional sociolinguistics and cognitive sociology (Gumperz 1982; Cicourel 1973). 5. Conversation is a social and cognitive process. Social members must be endowed with cognitive, social, and communicative abilities to be 'competent conversationalists'. This last point must, I think, be kept in mind when analyzing the social process of constructing topical coherence in conversation. Topical coherence is, in fact, achieved when individual knowledge, that is, a topic introduced and considered worthy of discussion by a Speaker, is converted into shared knowledge, that is, a topic accepted and adhered to by at least one other participant, becoming, in this way, a conversation topic. Before going into this analysis in depth, I would like to substantiate the relevance of the phenomenon of topic organization in the awareness conversationalists have of the interaction going on. Their recognition that
Estimation of the squeeze film effect in a surface acoustic wave motor

This paper describes the air film characteristic in the interface between the slider and stator substrate of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor, and the difference of the squeeze film effect by the form of the slider. Because the vibration amplitude of the SAW motor is several 10 nm order, analysis of pressure was performed by using the molecular gas-film lubrication (MGL) equation. In the analysis, the MGL equation was split into advection phase and nonadvection phase, and calculation of advection and nonadvection phases was performed by using the cubic interpolated propagation (CIP) method and the finite difference method, respectively. From analysis results it was found that the time to steady pressure of air film depends on the radius of projection arranged on the contact surface of the slider. Also found was that the steady pressure in the interface does not depend on the radius arid height of the projection, but it depends on the minimum spacing between the slider and the stator substrate.
Symbolic Power and Public Relations Practice: Locating Individual Practitioners in Their Social Context

This article applies Pierre Bourdieu's understandings of capital and symbolic power to the public relations environment, to establish a link between the practice of public relations and the social effects of the profession. A three-month case study in the corporate affairs team of a UK passenger transport operator revealed the manner in which the pursuit and maintenance of power is potentially present in all public relations activities. Bourdieu's framework connects individual practice with the social effects of public relations and gives practitioners and academics a new starting point for understanding the nature of power in public relations practice.
Equality of Educational Opportunities at Public Primary Schools in Argentina

This paper assesses the degree of equality of educational opportunities across Argentina’s public primary schools. The main finding is that there are inequalities between jurisdictions, but even greater inequalities within them, suggesting the existence of serious problems in the distribution of resources at the sub-national level. Following the recommendations of the specialized literature, estimates of school quality and measures of disparity in educational opportunity were calculated. While school differences were found across provinces, even greater discrepancies were found among public schools located within provinces, which are responsible for the provision of primary education. Most importantly, inequality among public schools is found to be associated with factors that are considered socially unacceptable, such as the student’s socio-economic status even among schools financed by the same governmental unit.
Refined Structure of ab-Tubulin at 3 . 5 AÊ Resolution

0022-2836/01/051045±13 $35.00/0 We present a re®ned model of the ab-tubulin dimer to 3.5 AÊ resolution. An improved experimental density for the zinc-induced tubulin sheets was obtained by adding 114 electron diffraction patterns at 40-60 tilt and increasing the completeness of structure factor amplitudes to 84.7 %. The re®ned structure was obtained using maximum-likelihood including phase information from experimental images, and simulated annealing Cartesian re®nement to an R-factor of 23.2 and free R-factor of 29.7. The current model includes residues a:2-34, a:61-439, b:2-437, one molecule of GTP, one of GDP, and one of taxol, as well as one magnesium ion at the non-exchangeable nucleotide site, and one putative zinc ion near the M-loop in the a-tubulin subunit. The acidic C-terminal tails could not be traced accurately, neither could the N-terminal loop including residues 35-60 in the a-subunit. There are no major changes in the overall fold of tubulin with respect to the previous structure, testifying to the quality of the initial experimental phases. The overall geometry of the model is, however, greatly improved, and the position of side-chains, especially those of exposed polar/charged groups, is much better de®ned. Three short protein sequence frame shifts were detected with respect to the non-re®ned structure. In light of the new model we discuss details of the tubulin structure such as nucleotide and taxol binding sites, lateral contacts in zinc-sheets, and the signi®cance of the location of highly conserved residues. # 2001 Academic Press