Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of age and sex on the inflammatory response during bone fracture healing

Abstract Inflammation is thought to be dysregulated with age leading to impaired bone fracture healing. However, broad analyses of inflammatory processes during homeostatic bone aging and during repair are lacking. Here, we assessed changes in inflammatory cell and cytokine profiles in circulation and in bone tissue to identify age- and sex-dependent differences during homeostasis and repair. During homeostatic aging, male mice demonstrated accumulation of CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells within bone while both pro-inflammatory “M1” and anti-inflammatory “M2” macrophage numbers decreased. Female mice saw no age-associated changes in immune-cell population in homeostatic bone. Concentrations of IL-1β, IL-9, IFNγ, and CCL3/MIP-1α increased with age in both male and female mice, whereas concentrations of IL-2, TNFα, TNFR1, IL-4, and IL-10 increased only in female mice – thus we termed these “age-accumulated” cytokines. There were no notable changes in immune cell populations nor cytokines within circulation during aging. Sex-dependent analysis demonstrated slight changes in immune cell and cytokine levels within bone and circulation, which were lost upon fracture injury. Fracture in young male mice caused a sharp decrease in number of M1 macrophages; however, this was not seen in aged male mice nor in female mice of any age. Injury itself induced a decrease in the number of CD8+ T cells within the local tissue of aged male and of female mice but not of young mice. Cytokine analysis of fractured mice revealed that age-accumulated cytokines quickly dissipated after fracture injury, and did not re-accumulate in newly regenerated tissue. Conversely, CXCL1/KC-GRO, CXCL2/MIP-2, IL-6, and CCL2/MCP-1 acted as “fracture response” cytokines: increasing sharply after fracture, eventually returning to baseline. Collectively, we classify measured cytokines into three groups: (1) age-accumulated cytokines, (2) female-specific age-accumulated cytokines, and (3) fracture response cytokines. These inflammatory molecules represent potential points of intervention to improve fracture healing outcome.
Controlling the output current of a SEPIC H-bridge inverter

The rapid depletion of fossil fuels and humanity's increasing dependence on electricity drive us to adopt renewable energy-based power generation. However, using renewable energy requires a system to maximize the results of converting renewable energy into electrical energy. An inverter is a DC-to-AC power conversion device. Inverters have two types: buck and boost. In closed-loop control, it can be controlled using current or voltage control. Current-controlled inverters sent to the grid have constraints, such as the inverter input voltage value must exceed the voltage on the grid. This study suggests using an H-bridge inverter and an AC-AC SEPIC to generate a voltage value more significant than the input voltage value. The proposed converter uses a single DC source and bases grid current injection on the regulated output current approach. The proposed converter satisfies the IEEE Std 519-2014 requirement of less than 5% and has a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of 4.6%.
Elites and Human Sacrifices at Paquimé: A Bioarchaeological Assessment

Various forms of violence have been implicated in the development and cultural trajectory of Paquimé, the center of the Casas Grandes culture in northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico. However, these inferences have received little systematic bioarchaeological investigation. This study focuses on the most complex burial discovered at Paquimé, a subfloor tomb containing the remains of at least 12 individuals in two distinct burial layers. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that the commingled layer of human remains represents a sacred offering to the elite individuals below through a comparative analysis of demography, health indicators, trauma, post-mortem processing, and taphonomy. Results revealed that there are significant differences between the two burial layers, particularly in terms of post-mortem processing, health status, and age-at-death structure. The commingled remains consisted primarily of unhealthy older sub-adults (and one young adult female) whose skeletal remains exhibit extreme post-mortem processing. The articulated burials, on the other hand, were all adults who received elaborate mortuary treatment, were not processed, and appear to have been well-buffered against disease stress during life. Both the osteological and contextual data from this burial tomb are consistent with sacrificial deposits in Mesoamerica and suggest that the commingled remains were companion sacrifices for the elites below. Thus, this study provides bioarchaeological evidence for ritual violence at Paquimé, which likely reflects the outcome of culturally specific ritual and political actors at the site.
Influence of luminosity on the initial growth of Carapa guianensis, Clitoria fairchildiana and Inga edulis tree seedlings

The success of forest plantations can be improved by understanding the response of plants to different environmental conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the growth and leaf characteristics of tree seedlings subjected to different levels of luminosity. The experiment was conducted in nursery conditions, where seedlings of Carapa guianensis , Clitoria fairchildiana and Inga edulis were subjected to the following treatments: T50 = 50% shading, T75 = 75% shading, and SL = sunlight. During 90 days, height, stem diameter (SD), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll content index (CCI) and F v /F m ratio were determined. C. fairchildiana showed a greater growth in height and better responses of F v /F m in the T75 treatment. I. edulis showed higher values for SLA in all treatments compared to the other species. Both C. fairchildiana and I. edulis presented increases in CCI values in function of time when compared with C. guianensis , which reduced CCI values. Under the evaluated conditions, C. fairchildiana showed a better development, while C. guianensis did not develop well.
Deep Learning Peak Ground Acceleration Prediction Using Single-Station Waveforms

Predicting the peak ground acceleration (PGA) from the first few seconds after the P-wave arrival time is crucial in estimating the ground motion intensity of the earthquake. The early estimation of PGA supports the earthquake-early warning (EEW) system to generate the warning. Here, we propose to use the vision transformer (ViT) to predict the PGA using 4-s three-channel single-station seismograms, i.e., 1 s prior to the P-wave arrival and 3 s subsequent to the arrival. The ViT can significantly extract remarkable information from the data resulting in superior prediction performance. The core layer of the ViT is the multihead attention (MHA) network which highlights the significant features of the input data. We train and evaluate the proposed algorithm using the Italian earthquake waveform data, where the proposed algorithm shows a promising result. The proposed ViT network utilizes an augmentation strategy to improve the learning ability of the model. Our proposed method is compared to the benchmark deep learning (DL) methods and empirical ground-motion models (GMMs) and outperforms all of them. The proposed algorithm can even predict the PGA accurately using only 2-s data after the P-wave arrival time. The proposed ViT architecture can also be integrated into a PGA classification framework. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested using real-time data and shows accurate results, indicating its applicability in real-time monitoring.
Relationship between periodontal disease and obstructive sleep apnea in adults: A systematic review

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate whether there are scientific evidence regarding the association between periodontitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. An electronic search was performed on MEDLINE/PubMed for prospective and retrospective longitudinal studies, cohort studies, and case–control studies conducted in human adults affected by both OSA and periodontitis. Two reviewers extracted the data using a custom Excel spreadsheet. A methodological assessment of the quality of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Fourteen studies were included. All studies evaluated the association between periodontitis and OSA. None of the studies evaluated the cause–effect relationship. Eleven studies found a significant positive relationship between periodontitis and OSA, whereas three found no statistically significant association. Several study limitations were observed, such as lack of standardization of study groups, diagnosis of periodontitis and OSA, and differences in study design. Evidence of a plausible association between periodontitis and OSA was found. The possible relationship could be explained by systemic inflammation, oral breathing, and the comorbid relationship attributable to common risk factors. Observational and randomized controlled studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of interaction between the two conditions.
Deep Fuzzy Clustering Network With Matrix Norm Regularization

Recently, deep clustering networks, which able to learn latent embedding and clustering assignment simultaneously, attract lots of attention. Among the deep clustering networks, the suitable regularization term is not only beneficial to training of neural network, but also enhancing clustering performance. In the paper, we propose a deep fuzzy clustering network with mixed matrix norm regularization (DFCNR). Specifically, DFCNR uses the weighted intra-class variance as clustering loss, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1,2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm and the Frobenius norm of soft assignment matrix as regularization term, where the minimization of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1,2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> norm aims to achieve balanced assignment, and maximization of Frobenius norm aims to achieve discriminative assignment. Moreover, by solving the quadratic convex constraint optimization problem about soft assignment, we derive the activation function of clustering layer. Extensive experiments conducted on several datasets illustrate the superiority of the proposed approach in comparison with current methods.
Cooling Performance Prediction of Particle-Based Radiative Cooling Film Considering Particle Size Distribution

Here, we present a novel protocol concept for quantifying the cooling performance of particle-based radiative cooling (PBRC). PBRC, known for its high flexibility and scalability, emerges as a promising method for practical applications. The cooling power, one of the cooling performance indexes, is the typical quantitative performance index, representing its cooling capability at the surface. One of the primary obstacles to predicting cooling power is the difficulty of simulating the non-uniform size and shape of micro-nanoparticles in the PBRC film. The present work aims to develop an accurate protocol for predicting the cooling power of PBRC film using image processing and regression analysis techniques. Specifically, the protocol considers the particle size distribution through circle object detection on SEM images and determines the probability density function based on a chi-square test. To validate the proposed protocol, a PBRC structure with PDMS/Al2O3 micro-nanoparticles is fabricated, and the proposed protocol precisely predicts the measured cooling power with a 7.8% error. Through this validation, the proposed protocol proves its potential and reliability for the design of PBRC.
Translations and Open Science Exploring how translation technologies can support multilingualism in scholarly communication

English is by and large considered as the lingua franca of scholarly communication. Such a generalised use has certainly the advantage of facilitating international exchanges, but it also generates inequalities among researchers, and limits the dissemination of scientific knowledge. Although translation could be promptly identified as the so-lution, scholarly communication has historically been marked by a short-age of human and financial resources to support traditional translation processes. The goal of this paper is to present a multi-user approach to machine translation evaluation for a use in scholarly communication. In particular, the paper introduces the fine-tuning and evaluation methodology set up to comply with the needs of different target user personas (translators, researchers, readers). Given the focus of the conference, the paper will describe in more detail the evaluation methodology related to the “Translator” persona . The paper will also include general preliminary conclusions, and information about the on-going evaluation work.
How Will Air Quality Change in South Asia by 2050?

Exposure to unhealthy air causes millions of premature deaths and damages crops sufficient to feed a large portion of the South Asian population every year. However, little is known about how future air quality in South Asia will respond to changing human activities. Here we examine the combined effect of changes in climate and air pollutant emissions projected by the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 and RCP6.0 on air quality of South Asia in 2050 using a state‐of‐the‐science Nested Regional Climate model with Chemistry (NRCM‐Chem). RCP8.5 and RCP6.0 are selected to represent scenarios of highest and lowest air pollution in South Asia by 2050. NRCM‐Chem shows the ability to capture observed key features of variability in meteorological parameters, ozone and related gases, and aerosols. NRCM‐Chem results show that surface ozone and particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm in diameter will increase significantly by midcentury in South Asia under the RCP8.5 but remain similar to present day under RCP6.0. No RCP suggest an improvement in air pollution in South Asia by midcentury. Under RCP8.5, the frequency of air pollution events is predicted to increase by 20–120 days per year in 2050 compared to the present‐day conditions, with particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm in diameter predicted to breach the World Health Organization ambient air quality guidelines on an almost daily basis in many parts of South Asia. These results indicate that while the RCP scenarios project a global improvement in air quality, they generally result in degrading air quality in South Asia.
Exploring Ethnic Discrimination and Hate Speech in Online Political Discourses: A Comprehensive Analysis from the Pakistani Context

This article establishes the presence of ethnic, racial and linguistic based hate content on politically oriented Facebook pages and as well explores prominent themes within these hate discourses to understand the promotion and propagation of ethnic, racial and linguistic based hate, intolerance and radicalization. A total of 94 Facebook post were purposefully collected and thematically analyzed with the help of NVIVO 12. The major theme revealed that ethnic diversification was framed as curse and threat for social harmony and development of the society. In online political discourses, specific ethnic, racial and linguistic groups were framed as “others” and “responsible” for destruction of social, cultural and political spheres of society. In these online discourses, specific groups were stereotyped and discriminated in much negative, disgusted hateful manner through directly demonizing with abusive language and derogatory remarks and dehumanized through comparing with specific animals like dogs, pigs etc. Different ethnic groups were discriminated and stereotyped on the basis of “Us vs Them” such as Baloch’s were framed as Invaders, while Afghans were framed as criminals, burdon, inferior and parasites on the Pakistani economy. Punjabi’s were framed as dominant in every sphere such as politics, economy and have biased towards specific minor ethnic, racial, linguistic and regional groups.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Aux/IAA Gene Family in Artemisia argyi: Identification, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Determination of Response to Various Phytohormones

Artemisia argyi is a traditional herbal medicine plant, and its folium artemisia argyi is widely in demand due to moxibustion applications globally. The Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA, or IAA) gene family has critical roles in the primary auxin-response process, with extensive involvement in plant development and stresses, controlling various essential traits of plants. However, the systematic investigation of the Aux/IAA gene family in A. argyi remains limited. In this study, a total of 61 Aux/IAA genes were comprehensively identified and characterized. Gene structural analysis indicated that 46 Aux/IAA proteins contain the four typical domains, and 15 Aux/IAA proteins belong to non-canonical IAA proteins. Collinear prediction and phylogenetic relationship analyses suggested that Aux/IAA proteins were grouped into 13 distinct categories, and most Aux/IAA genes might experience gene loss during the tandem duplication process. Promoter cis-element investigation indicated that Aux/IAA promoters contain a variety of plant hormone response and stress response cis-elements. Protein interaction prediction analysis demonstrated that AaIAA26/29/7/34 proteins are possibly core members of the Aux/IAA family interaction. Expression analysis in roots and leaves via RNA-seq data indicated that the expression of some AaIAAs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and some AaIAAs were involved in the regulation of salt and saline-alkali stresses. In addition, RT-qPCR results indicated that AaIAA genes have differential responses to auxin, with complex response patterns in response to other hormones, indicating that Aux/IAA may play a role in connecting auxin and other hormone signaling pathways. Overall, these findings shed more light on AaIAA genes and offer critical foundational knowledge toward the elucidation of their function during plant growth, stress response, and hormone networking of Aux/IAA family genes in A. argyi.
Open-Domain Semi-Supervised Learning via Glocal Cluster Structure Exploitation

—Semi-supervised learning (SSL) aims to reduce the heavy reliance of current deep models on costly manual annotation by leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data in combination with a much smaller set of labeled data. However, most existing SSL methods assume that all labeled and unlabeled data are drawn from the same feature distribution, which can be impractical in real-world applications. In this study, we take the initial step to systematically investigate the open-domain semi-supervised learning setting, where a feature distribution mismatch exists between labeled and unlabeled data. In pursuit of an effective solution for open-domain SSL, we propose a novel framework called GlocalMatch , which aims to exploit both glo bal and lo cal ( i.e. , glocal) cluster structure of open-domain unlabeled data. The glocal cluster structure is utilized in two complementary ways. Firstly, GlocalMatch optimizes a Glocal Cluster Compacting (GCC) objective, that encourages feature representations of the same class, whether with in the same domain or across different domains, to become closer to each other. Secondly, GlocalMatch incorporates a Glocal Semantic Aggregation (GSA) strategy to produce more reliable pseudo-labels by aggregating predictions from neighboring clusters. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GlocalMatch outperforms the state-of-the-art SSL methods significantly, achieving superior performance for both in-domain and out-of-domain generalization. The code is released in https://github.com/nukezil/GlocalMatch.
Acute Toxicity Assessment of Orally Administered Microplastic Particles in Adult Male Wistar Rats

While the effects of chronic exposure to microplastic particles (MPs) are extensively studied, the outcomes of a single treatment have received relatively less attention. To investigate MPs’ potential acute toxicity, including their impact on general health status (victual consumption, sensorimotor deficits, and clinical toxicity signs) and serum biochemical parameters (markers of organ/tissue function and oxidative stress indicators), we administered thoroughly characterized MPs (1.4, 35, or 125 mg/kg), generated from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, to adult male Wistar rats via oral gavage. The MPs’ short-term effects were assessed with well-established tests and methods. The results point to the absence of sensorimotor deficits and clinical toxicity signs, while levels of markers of liver, heart, and kidney function were altered in all MP groups. Decreased victual consumption and increased levels of oxidative stress indicators were evident following treatment with the two higher MP doses. Presented data indicate that examined MPs are able to initiate the development of local changes in tissues and organs within a short time frame, potentially leading to their damage and dysfunction. This study may increase the awareness of the detrimental effects of plastic contamination, as even a single exposure to MPs may provoke adverse health outcomes.