Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Leader Stackelberg Games in Multi-Channel Spatial Aloha Networks

This paper uses a multi-channel spatial Aloha model to describe a distributed autonomous wireless network where a group of transmit-receive pairs (users) share multiple collision channels via slotted-Aloha-like random access. The design objective is to enable each autonomous user i to select a channel c_i and decide a medium access probability (MAP) q_i to improve its throughput, while providing a certain degree of fairness among the users. Game theoretic approaches are applied, where each user i is a player who chooses the strategy (c_i,q_i) to improve its own throughput. To search for a Nash Equilibrium (NE), a Multi-Leader Stackelberg Game (MLSG) is formulated to iteratively obtain a solution on each dimension of the (c_i,q_i) strategy. Initially, multiple Stackelberg leaders are elected to manage the MAPs of all players. Then under the resulting MAP profile, each player iteratively chooses its channel to improve its throughput. An Oscillation Resolving Mechanism (ORM) is further proposed to stabilize the design in some special cases where the operating points of some players in a local region would oscillate between the two dimensions of the myopic search. Compared to existing methods of pre-allocating MAPs, the MLSG game further improves the overall network throughput by iteratively tuning the MAPs toward max-min throughput in each subnet. Simulation results show that the MLSG game gradually improves the total throughput until reaching a NE, which also provides good throughput fairness for the players.
A small UHF RFID passive tag antenna using modified split ring resonator

This paper presents a UHF RFID tag antenna designed for using in Thailand (920–925 MHz). The modified split ring resonator (SRR) is used to reduce an antenna size. The antenna contains 3-ring resonator: 2-circular ring and 1-square ring. The outer ring is a square SRR which is connected to circular SRR on the radiating part. This structure can be matched the IC chip impedance by adjusting the space of the square SRR. The proposed tag antenna can operate to cover the frequency range of 920–925 MHz with the |S11| of less than −10 dB. The antenna size is 38 mm × 38 mm. The proposed tag has maximum read range of 3.20 meters.
Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes.

PURPOSE To examine the influence of dietary protein on lean body mass loss and performance during short-term hypoenergetic weight loss in athletes. METHODS In a parallel design, 20 young healthy resistance-trained athletes were examined for energy expenditure for 1 wk and fed a mixed diet (15% protein, 100% energy) in the second week followed by a hypoenergetic diet (60% of the habitual energy intake), containing either 15% (approximately 1.0 g x kg(-1)) protein (control group, n = 10; CP) or 35% (approximately 2.3 g x kg(-1)) protein (high-protein group, n = 10; HP) for 2 wk. Subjects continued their habitual training throughout the study. Total, lean body, and fat mass, performance (squat jump, maximal isometric leg extension, one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press, muscle endurance bench press, and 30-s Wingate test) and fasting blood samples (glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glycerol, urea, cortisol, free testosterone, free Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone), and psychologic measures were examined at the end of each of the 4 wk. RESULTS Total (-3.0 +/- 0.4 and -1.5 +/- 0.3 kg for the CP and HP, respectively, P = 0.036) and lean body mass loss (-1.6 +/- 0.3 and -0.3 +/- 0.3 kg, P = 0.006) were significantly larger in the CP compared with those in the HP. Fat loss, performance, and most blood parameters were not influenced by the diet. Urea was higher in HP, and NEFA and urea showed a group x time interaction. Fatigue ratings and "worse than normal" scores on the Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes were higher in HP. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that approximately 2.3 g x kg(-1) or approximately 35% protein was significantly superior to approximately 1.0 g x kg(-1) or approximately 15% energy protein for maintenance of lean body mass in young healthy athletes during short-term hypoenergetic weight loss.
Coteaching Revisited: Redrawing the Blueprint

Coteaching involves 2 certified teachers: 1 general educator and 1 special educator. They share responsibility for planning, delivering, and evaluating instruction for a diverse group of students, some of whom are students with disabilities. In this article, the authors review models of coteaching and the research base for coteaching and describe coteaching as it is currently practiced. After arguing that educators have not yet realized the potential of coteaching, the authors propose a new framework for looking at coteaching and a blueprint to guide its implementation differently in different instructional environments.
Oil spill detection by imaging radars: Challenges and pitfalls

We challenge the often-made claim that fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radars (SARs) are beneficial for discriminating between mineral oil films and biogenic slicks. We conjecture that the results obtained from previous analyses of spaceborne polarimetric SAR data, which seem to show differences in the scattering mechanism between radar scattering from mineral oil films and biogenic slicks, result from instrument noise. Measurements carried out with the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) of NASA/JPL, which has an extremely low noise floor, confirm this view and show that Bragg scattering theory applies also for scattering from mineral oil films. However, measured differences in the statistics of the radar backscattering from mineral oil films and biogenic slicks, may be real and not noise-related.
Urban development and climate change

With growing worldwide concern about global climate change, this article asks two critical questions: What reduction in vehicle‐miles traveled (VMT) is possible in the USA with compact development rather than continuing urban sprawl? ; and What reduction in greenhouse gas emissions would accompany such a reduction in VMT? Based on four different planning literatures, the answer to the first question appears to be a 20–40% reduction in VMT for each increment of new development. The answer to the second question is a 7–10% reduction in total transport carbon dioxide emissions by the year 2050 under a plausible set of assumptions.
Language Access to Distributed Data with Error Recovery

Abstract : This report discusses an effort in the application of artificial intelligence to the access of data from a large, distributed data base over a computer network. A running system is described that provides access to multiple instances of a data base management system (DBMS) over the ARPANET in real time. The system accepts a rather wide range of natural language questions about the data, plans a sequence of appropriate queries to the data base management system to answer the question, determines on which machine to carry out the queries, establishes links to those machines over the ARPANET, monitors the prosecution of the queries and recovers from certain errors in execution, and prepares a relevant answer to the original question. In addition to the functional components that make up the demonstration system, equivalent functional components with higher levels of sophistication are discussed and proposed. Keywords: LADDER(Language Access to Distributed Data with Error Recovery).
Dynamics in ML

Abstract Objects with dynamic types allow the integration of operations that essentially require runtime type-checking into statically-typed languages. This paper presents two extensions of the ML language with dynamics, based on our work on the CAML implementation of ML, and discusses their usefulness. The main novelty of this work is the combination of dynamics with polymorphism.
Increased expression of TRPV1 in the trigeminal ganglion is involved in orofacial pain during experimental tooth movement in rats.

To investigate whether transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is involved in pain induced by experimental tooth movement, experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g. Directed face-grooming behavior was used to evaluate nocifensive behavior in rats during experimental tooth movement. The distribution of TRPV1 in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and its expression was detected by western blotting at several time points following the application of various magnitudes of force during tooth movement. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TRPV1 was expressed in TG, and its expression was increased after experimental tooth movement. Western blot results also showed that experimental tooth movement led to a statistically significant increase in expression of TRPV1 protein in TG. Meanwhile, the time spent on directed face-grooming peaked on day 1 and thereafter showed a gradual decrease. In addition, both the change in TRPV1 expression in the TG and directed face-grooming behavior were modulated in a force-dependent manner and in concert with initial orthodontic pain responses. Our results reveal that TRPV1 expression is modulated by experimental tooth movement and is involved in tooth-movement pain.
The ubiquitously expressed bZIP inhibitor, JDP2, suppresses the transcription of its homologue immediate early gene counterpart, ATF3

JDP2 is a ubiquitously expressed bZIP repressor protein. JDP2 binds TPA response element and cyclic AMP response element located within various promoters. JDP2 displays a high degree of homology to the immediate early gene ATF3. ATF3 plays a crucial role in the cellular adaptive response to multiple stress insults as well as growth stimuli. We have identified ATF3 as a potential target gene for JDP2 repression. JDP2 regulates the ATF3 promoter potentially through binding to both the consensus ATF/CRE site and a non-consensus ATF3 auto-repression DNA-binding element. Expression of ATF3 protein in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells is below the detectable levels, whereas, JDP2 disrupted MEF cells display noticeable level of ATF3 protein. Following either serum or ER stress stimulation, ATF3 expression is potentiated in JDP2-KO fibroblast cells as compared with wild-type cells. Mice with either JDP2 over-expression or JDP2 disruption display undetectable level of ATF3 protein. However, ATF3 induction in response to either growth or stress signals is dependent on JDP2 expression level. ATF3 induction is attenuated in JDP2 over-expressing mice whereas is potentiated in JDP2-KO mice as compared with the corresponding wild-type mice. Collectively, the data presented strongly suggest that JDP2 plays a role in the determination of the ATF3 adaptive cellular threshold response to different stress insults and growth stimuli.
External communities of practice and relational capital

External communities of practice are groups formed by company clients and employees based on common interests, commitment, mutual trust and collaboration whose members regularly share knowledge and learning. This paper examines how external communities of practice contribute to the creation of relational capital through an empirical investigation of 139 small to medium‐sized enterprises in the Spanish optometry sector using structural equation modelling validated by factor analysis.
Generation of Folk Song Melodies using Bayes Transforms

Abstract The paper introduces the ‘Bayes transform’, a mathematical procedure for putting data into a hierarchical representation. Applicable to any type of data, the procedure yields interesting results when applied to sequences. In this case, the representation obtained implicitly models the repetition hierarchy of the source. There are then natural applications to music. Derivation of Bayes transforms can be the means of determining the repetition hierarchy of note sequences (melodies) in an empirical and domain-general way. The paper investigates application of this approach to Folk Song, examining the results that can be obtained by treating such transforms as generative models.
Varieties of people-place relations and place change: UK electricity transmission grid development

Abstract With a projected increase in electricity demand and low-carbon energy generation in the UK, the increased deployment of the existing electricity network is foreseeable (DECC, 2011). Public controversy over the proposed sitting of overhead transmission lines (often termed NIMBYism) has, in some cases, led to active opposition and resulted in planning delays and financial cost for developers. In going beyond the NIMBY concept, Devine-Wright (2009) posits a place-based approach to understanding responses to energy infrastructure proposals, highlighting the importance of people's subjective emotional and symbolic associations to particular places. This paper critically reviews existing literature on varieties of people-place relations, pointing to limitations of cross-sectional studies and outlining the value of narrative interviews for establishing the dynamic nature of place orientations over time. Furthermore, the case is made for novel research that explores relationships between forms of non-attachment to place (Lewicka, 2011) and responses to a power line proposal.
The Crisis of Ethiopian Education: Some Implications for Nation-Building (review)

In reading this text, however, it should be noted that the Ethiopian Jewish community is no more. Virtually all Fälasha/Betä Esra'el have emigrated from Ethiopia to Israel, the last big airlift operations were completed in May 1991 and August 1991. Kaplan's review of the history and doctrine of the Beta Esra'el will sound familiar to those who follow the literature on the subject, but it offers a good "state of the art" survey of this group just before its emigration. Many elements of their traditional way of life will likely be transformed into their new location, and it is essential to have this background when assessing the reconstitution of this community there. The chapters on the religious texts and on spiritual life are now mainly of historical value since in Israel, the Beta Esra'el (with the exception of some priests) do not know of these religious tractates, injunctions, fast days, prayers, etc., and, in the nature of things, "Beta Esra'el religion" is withering away in Israel. In his other publications, Kaplan has offered more relevant innovative contributions to the study of Fälasha/Betä Esra'el history; indeed, in many respects the subject is fortunate in having him as one of its foremost scholars.
Explicit Learning of Arbitrary and Non-Arbitrary Action–Effect Relations in Adults and 4-Year-Olds

Ideomotor theories claim that carrying out a movement that produces a perceivable effect creates a bidirectional association between the two, which can then be used by action control processes to retrieve the associated action by anticipating its outcome. Previous implicit-learning studies have shown that practice renders novel but action-contingent stimuli effective retrieval cues of the action they used to follow, suggesting that experiencing sequences of actions and effects creates bidirectional action–effect associations. We investigated whether action–effect associations are also acquired under explicit learning conditions and whether familiar action–effect relations (such as between a trumpet and a trumpet sound) are learned the same way as novel, arbitrary relations are. We also investigated whether these factors affect adults and 4-year-old children equally. Findings suggest that explicit learning produces the same bidirectional action–effect associations as implicit-learning does, that non-arbitrary relations improve performance without affecting learning per se, and that adults and young children show equivalent performance – apart from the common observation that children have greater difficulty to withstand stimulus-induced action tendencies.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF CASE IN SENTENCE PROCESSING: ACTION ROLE AND ANIMATENESS

A series of four experiments aimed at comprehension processes in language supported the psychological validity of two types of semantic units: action role, äs defined by W. Chafe's 'agent' and 'patient', and case, äs defined by C. Fillmore's 'agentive', 'instrumental', 'dative', and Objective' cases. Psychological validity was assessed with the 'question technique' which measures time taken to process various elements of a sentence. Adults reliably differentiated both types of units, with agent role and agentive case being processed most rapidly. Children reliably differentiated action role units (again favoring agent) but not the case units. Generally, there was no interaction between the processing of semantic units and surface Structure features of a sentence. Les dimensions psychohgiques du cas dans le traitement des phrases: le role de V action et ranimation Une serie de quatre experimentations consacree aux processus de comprehension linguistique a soutenu la validite psychologique de deux types d 'unitos somantiques: le role de l'action, defini par W. Chafe comme 'agent' et 'patient', et le cas, d fini par C. Fillmore comme 'agentif', 'instrumental', 'datif' et Objectif. La validite psychologique est soulignoe par la 'technique question', qui mesure la duroe necessaire pour traiter les Elements differents d'une phrase. En traitant le role 'agentif ' et le cas 'agentif ' tres rapidement, les adultes ont distinguo les deux types d'unito d'une facon digne de confiance; les enfants, en favorisant 48 GEORGE J. SUCI AND JANE H. HAMACHER leur tour le r le 'agent', ont distingue les unites de r le de l'action, mais n'ont pas distingue les unitos de cas. En general, il n'y avait pas d'interaction entre le traitement des unites semantiques et le traitement des traits de la structure de surface d'une phrase. PE3K3ME Hcuxo/ioeiwecKue pasjuepHocmu nadexca Bo6pa6omKe npefaomem : Po/ib de cmeua u odyoicee/ieHHOcnib neTbipex 3κοπβρΗΜ6Ητοβ πο npoueccaM ΑΒΜΚΟΒΟΓΟ noHHMaHHfl o ocHOBaHHocTt Byx ΤΗΠΟΒ ceMaHTHiecKHx CAHHHU: ΡΟΠΗ H, *areHca' H 'nauneHca' B onpefleneHHH HIa'a, H na^enca, ' ΉΗςτργΜβΗΤ3ΐΗ»ΗθΓθ', * aTejn>Horo* H ΌοιβκτΗΒΗΟΓο* Β onpefleneHHH ^BonpocHTeJibHae TexHHKa', H3MepmomaH HyjKHyio BpeMeHHyio HOCTb AJIH O pa6OTKH paSJIHHHblX φρ33ΟΒΒΙΧ 3JICMeHTOB, yCTaHOBHJia 3Ty ΠΟΗΧΟjioriwecKyK) o ocHOBaHHocrb. OKaaanocb, HTO Bspocjiwe Hafle Ho pasninaioT o6a THna CAHHHU, OHCHL 6biCTpo o6pa6aTbiBa« porn» arenca H zieficrByiomHii naziOK, a HTO CTM, ΧΟΤΛ Ha^OKMO pa3JIH4aK)T eAHHHUbl pOJIH Ae CTBHfl (onHTb B HOJIbSy areHca), ne pasnanaior nafle»cHbix € HHHU. B o meM, BsaHMOfleKcrBim MC ^y o6pa6oTKoii ceMaHTHHecioix e HHmi H npH3HaKOB noBepxHOCTHo CTpyKTypw He HJIO.
Inhibition of platelet-mediated arterial thrombosis and platelet granule exocytosis by 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavonol and quercetin

Flavonols are polyphenolic compounds with broad-spectrum kinase inhibitory, as well as potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-platelet potential of quercetin (Que) and several related flavonoids have been reported; however, few studies have assessed the ability of flavonols to inhibit exocytosis of different platelet granules or to inhibit thrombus formation in vivo. 3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavonol (DiOHF) is a flavonol which is structurally related to Que and has been shown to have greater anti-oxidant capacity and to improve the endothelial function in the context of diabetes and ischaemia/reperfusion injury. While the structural similarity to Que suggests DiOHF may have a potential to inhibit platelet function, no studies have assessed the anti-platelet potential of DiOHF. We therefore investigated platelet granule inhibition and potential to delay arterial thrombosis by Que and DiOHF. Both Que and DiOHF showed inhibition of collagen, adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid stimulated platelet aggregation, agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa activation as demonstrated by PAC-1 and fibrinogen binding. While both flavonols inhibited agonist-induced granule exocytosis, greater inhibition of dense granule exocytosis occurred with DiOHF as measured by both ATP release and flow cytometry. In contrast, while Que inhibited agonist-induced P-selectin expression, as measured by both platelet surface P-selectin expression and upregulation of surface GPIIIa expression, inhibition by DiOHF was not significant for either parameter. C57BL/6 mice treated with 6 mg kg−1 IV Que or DiOHF maintained greater blood flow following FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury when compared to the vehicle control. We provide evidence that Que and DiOHF improve blood flow following arterial injury in part by attenuating platelet granule exocytosis.
Canonical analysis of individual vocabulary profiling data

Canonical analysis is an ordination technique which allows a direct comparison of two data matrices. It is often applied in ecological studies and here it is shown how canonical analysis, in particular redundancy analysis, can be used to analyze sensory evaluation data. The example data are obtained with individual vocabulary profiling study of concert hall acoustics. The redundancy analysis is compared with hierarchical multiple factor analysis. In addition, it is shown how redundancy analysis can be used to explain the subjective data with different objective data, in this case room acoustical parameters and physical measures of the studied concert halls.
Presentation of Autoantigen in Peripheral Lymph Nodes Is Sufficient for Priming Autoreactive CD8+ T Cells

Peripheral tolerance is an important mechanism by which the immune system can guarantee a second line of defense against autoreactive T and B cells. One autoimmune disease that is related to a break of peripheral tolerance is diabetes mellitus type 1. Using the RIP-GP mouse model, we analyzed the role of the spleen and lymph nodes (LNs) in priming CD8+ T cells and breaking peripheral tolerance. We found that diabetes developed in splenectomized mice infected with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a finding showing that the spleen was not necessary in generating autoimmunity. By contrast, the absence of LNs prevented the priming of LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells, and diabetes did not develop in these mice. Additionally, we found that dendritic cells are responsible for the distribution of virus in secondary lymphoid organs, when LCMV was administered intravenously. Preventing this distribution with the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonist FTY720 inhibits the transport of antigen to peripheral LNs and consequently prevented the onset of diabetes. However, in case of subcutaneous infection, administration of FTY720 could not inhibit the onset of diabetes because the viral antigen is already presented in the peripheral LNs. These findings demonstrate the importance of preventing the presence of antigen in LNs for maintaining tolerance.
The expatriate family firm and cross-cultural management training: A conceptual framework

While Canadian firms, in general, are reluctant to operate internationally, the small firm with family or origin ties (F/OT) to a foreign country appears to be much more active. Previous research has suggested that this exporting behavior has less to do with generally accepted business principles (exploring perceived opportunities) than with a desire to return to one's cultural roots. Based on this premise and on our present and previous research, a comparison is made between large companies and the family firm, culminating in the presentation of a framework for cross-cultural management development, in which self-examination, research, and study are the primary features.