Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adhesion of resin composite to enamel and dentin: a methodological assessment

Abstract This study compared the impact of four test methods on adhesion of resin composite to enamel and dentin. Human molars (N = 54) were randomly assigned to test the adhesion of resin composite material (Quadrant Universal LC) using one of the following test methods: (a) macroshear test (SBT; n = 16), (b) macrotensile test (TBT; n = 16), (c) microshear test (μSBT; n = 16) and (d) microtensile test (μTBT; n = 6). In a randomized manner, buccal or lingual surfaces of each tooth, were assigned as enamel or dentin substrates. Enamel and dentin surfaces were conditioned using an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Syntac Classic). After storage (24 h, 37 °C), bond tests were conducted in a Universal Testing Machine (1 mm/min) and failure types were analyzed. Data were analyzed using Univariate and Tukey`s, Bonneferroni tests (α = 0.05). Two-parameter Weibull modulus, scale (m) and shape (0) were calculated. Test method (p < 0.001) and substrate type (p < 0.001) significantly affected the results. When testing adhesion of resin composite to enamel, SBT (25.9 ± 5.7)a, TBT (17.3 ± 5.1)a,c and μSBT (27.2 ± 6.6)a,d test methods showed significantly higher mean bond values compared to μTBT (10.1 ± 4.4)b (p < 0.05). Adhesion of resin composite to dentin did not show significant difference depending on the test method (12 ± 5.7–20.4 ± 4.8; p > 0.05). Only with SBT, significant difference was observed for bond values between enamel (25.9 ± 5.7) and dentin (12 ± 5.7; p < 0.05). Weibull distribution presented the highest shape values for enamel-μSBT (29.7) and dentin-μSBT (22.2) among substrate-test combinations. Regardless of the test method, cohesive failures in substrate were more frequent in enamel (19.1%) than in dentin (9.8%).
XROOTD - A highly scalable architecture for data access

: - When dealing with the concurrent access from a multitude of clients to petabyte-scale data repositories, high performance, fault tolerance, robustness, and scalability are four very important issues. This work describes the architecture and the choices done in designing the xrootd file access system. The first goal of the system was to provide access to over 10^7 files representing several petabytes of experimental physics data. This work addresses the high demand data access needs of modern physics experiments, such as the BaBar experiment at SLAC, and covers method and tools useful to any other field in which reliability, performance and scalability in data access are a primary issue.
Building a Scientific Concept Hierarchy Database (SCHBase)

Extracted keyphrases can enhance numerous applications ranging from search to tracking the evolution of scientific discourse. We present SCHBASE, a hierarchical database of keyphrases extracted from large collections of scientific literature. SCHBASE relies on a tendency of scientists to generate new abbreviations that “extend” existing forms as a form of signaling novelty. We demonstrate how these keyphrases/concepts can be extracted, and their viability as a database in relation to existing collections. We further show how keyphrases can be placed into a semantically-meaningful “phylogenetic” structure and describe key features of this structure. The complete SCHBASE dataset is available at: http://cond.org/schbase.html.
Overuse of milk in the diets of infants and children.

Milk is traditionally stated to be the best food for infants, or "the most nearly perfect food. " Although such statements may be true, it does not follow that other foods are unnecessary or that no limit needs to be placed on the milk intake. At frequent intervals it is necessary to call attention to the occasional overuse of milk in the feeding of infants and to suggest means by which such overuse may be avoided. The misuse of milk may be well illustrated by the record of a patient at the Children's Hospital, Boston. Individual features of this story could be matched from the records of any children's clinic in the United States today. Their association in one patient is especially interesting and educational. Report of a Case A boy, 21 months of age, was brought to the outpatient department of Children's Hospital in August, 1958. His mother complained that
Thermodynamically reversible addressing of a stimuli responsive fusion protein onto a patterned surface template

The sensitivity of an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) to environmental stimuli is used to reversibly immobilize a fusion partner, thioredoxin (TRX), onto a hydrophobic surface. An ELP, fused to TRX at its C-terminus, adsorbs onto a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold above its inverse phase transition temperature (T c ) and is resolubilized from the surface when the solution temperature is lowered below T c . We show that the adsorbed fusion partner TRX is recognized by an antibody specific to TRX and that the complex is also resolubilized from the surface below T c . Adsorption of TRX-ELP is inhibited by hydrophilic surfaces that are defect-free. In situ ellipsometry shows that the ELP-anchored TRX adsorbs above T c up to a well-defined layer thickness that is greater than a monolayer and that the adsorption and desorption cycle can be repeated. These results are confirmed by atomic force microscopy and by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. The preferential adsorption of TRX-ELP on hydrophobic surfaces is used to create a pattern of adsorbed protein on a surface composed of a pattern of hydrophobic and hydrophilic SAMs on gold. We term this method to reversibly address an ELP fusion protein to chemically distinct regions of a patterned surface by an external stimulus "thermodynamically reversible addressing of proteins" (TRAP).
Black phosphorus flexible thin film transistors and GHz circuit applications

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have attracted significant interest in the last decade for applications in high speed and low power consumption nano electronics. Their intrinsic thickness scalability down to atomic layer and superior mechanical stiffness enabled novel applications in flexible nanosystems[1]. Black phosphorus (BP) captured immediate attention in electronics community owing to its superior electrical performance including high carrier mobility >1000 cm2/Vs, highly tunable energy band gap ranging from 0.3 eV (bulk) to 2 eV (monolayer), and its unique anisotropy in electrical, thermal and mechanical properties[2, 3]. In this work, we demonstrate few layer BP based flexible nano electronics for robust RF applications with intrinsic cut-off frequency of 20 GHz[4]. Ambipolar inverter based on BP transistors was demonstrated with high inverter gain of 66. Flexible dual-finger configurated top-gated (TG) BP RF transistors (Fig. 1(a)) were fabricated on top of highly bendable polyimide substrate. The DC transfer and output characteristics for a typical transistor with channel length L=0.5 μm were shown in Fig. 1(b) and (c), with carrier mobility ∼233 cm2/Vs obtained. The intrinsic RF response was obtained after standard open-short de-embedding. As shown in Fig. 1(d) intrinsic cutoff frequency fT=20 GHz was obtained, which was the highest value obtained for the flexible BP transistors. Superior mechanical robustness of the reported flexible BP RF transistors was verified via bending test under tensile strain up to 1.5%, with less than 25% of degradation observed for extrinsic cutoff frequency ft (Fig. 1(e))[4]. Compare with graphene, MoS2 and inorganic metal oxide thin films, few layer BP based RF transistors successfully extended the application scenario such as wireless transceiver and smart gadgets where the operation frequency lies in tens of GHz (Fig. 1(f))[4]. Based on the ambipolar transport characteristics of few layer BP transistors, ambipolar inverter was successfully realized as the schematic shown in Fig. 2(a). Two ambipolar BP bottom gated transistor were configurated into a complementary C-MOS structure, where the charge neutral point of the two series transistors split by the applied power supply voltage. The inverter functionality with sharp inversion of the output voltage signal with respect to input signal as shown in Fig. 2(b). The peak inverter gain was reaching ∼66 under Vdd=5V (Fig. 2(c)). This value is much higher than the previously reported BP invertors[5] and makes this material promising for high speed logic applications.
The prevention of deep vein thrombosis after surgery.

This subject, the prevention of deep vein thrombosis, will either stimulate you or bore you. For ease of reading, let's call it DVT. Why discuss DVT? There are four good reasons: (1) It is a subject which brings physicians, surgeons and haematologists together, for all have a vested interest in knowing more about it. Why does liquid blood clot in a vessel? What are the mechanisms? How can it be prevented? (2) The Registrar-General's returns for 1972 stated that 12,000 persons in England and Wales died from pulmonary embolism following a DVT. We don't know why they had DVT but the inference was that these were people who should not have died—an indictment of doctors. (3) There is some evidence that the condition is becoming more common after surgery. (4) Lastly, it is the fastest growing subject in the West, because we have begun to realize what we don't know and have taken steps to rectify this. In the past, there was a lack of hard facts but much opinion and, probably, wrong interpretations and much speculation. One of the most dangerous things in medicine today is a hypothesis without supporting data. Venous thrombosis is a serious condition contributing to a large proportion of the country's morbidity and mortality in terms of chronic venous disorders and pulmonary embolism. We are particularly concerned with its prevention during the postoperative period because complications from infection, anaesthesia and biochemical disturbances have been reduced substantially, yet those from thromboembolic disease are increasing at an alarming rate (Roberts, 1971). The ability of the blood to change from a liquid to a solid state in response to an appropriate stimulus was an important and necessary development in the evolution of a closed circulatory system. However, it is the perversion of this complex mechanism which is usually responsible for the development of venous thrombosis, which can be
Posttransplantation chronic renal damage in nonrenal transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND The growing problem of relentless deterioration of renal function in patients who undergo transplantation of nonrenal solid organs is bound to have an increasingly important impact as it may not only worsen patient morbidity and mortality but also increase transplantation costs. METHODS We reviewed the literature in order to provide a sum of the most important data on the incidence, clinical picture, renal pathology pattern, damage mechanisms, and risk factors, along with strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic renal damage following nonrenal solid organ transplantation. RESULTS Literature data report that 10% to 80% of transplanted patients have some degree of renal dysfunction and that they share a common clinical picture characterized by relentless asymptomatic progression, frequent hypertension, mild urinary abnormalities, and pathology features of vascular, glomerular, tubular, and interstitial involvement. These changes are very similar to those reported for chronic nephrotoxicity from calcineurin inhibitors. The occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring chronic dialysis has been reported in up to 20% of nonrenal transplant recipients. Although there are some organ-specific differences, a group of common risk factors has been recognized, including the use of calcineurin inhibitors as immunosuppressive agents, age, pretransplantation renal function, intraoperative/perioperative factors, concomitant use of other nephrotoxic drugs, infections, and posttransplantation acute renal failure. CONCLUSION Calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity is a growing problem and, as the age of recipients of nonrenal organs is increasing, this problem is destined to increase. It would therefore be advisable for nephrologists to share their experiences in immunomodulation with other specialties, so as to favor the cautious extension of calcineurin inhibitor-sparing protocols to the area of life-saving transplants.
Fuzzy model applied to the recognition of traffic lights signals

This article aims to propose a recognition model of traffic lights which is based on biological concepts of artificial intelligence, specifically visual attention, image processing, and fuzzy. The proposed model uses information from the color histogram of the detected area as input to the fuzzy machine to classify a scene as having a red or green light. Experimental results obtained in the daytime and nighttime periods reveal the efficiency of the proposed model.
Aging of silicone rubber materials in marine environment

Silicone rubber samples of 4 material compositions have been energized with AC and DC voltages in a coastal outdoor environment. During the test, leakage current measurements together with visual inspections were used to monitor their performance. The samples were selected according to a 2/sup 3/ factorial test plan, where electrical stress, content of ATH-filler and content of silicone oil were the factors. Chemical analyses were performed on the samples after 18 months of electrical aging. Surface consumption of ATH was studied by reflection infrared spectroscopy. Changes in surface roughness were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Different behavior between the AC and DC energized samples were found, in the electrical performance during the test and in the chemical analyses afterwards. Addition of silicone oil improved the long-term electrical performance. High level of ATB filler increased, initially, the leakage current activities. However, it was the samples with the highest level of filler which best preserved their hydrophobicity.
Employees' information system usage behavior evolution based on social network analysis perspective

Prior research has studied individual-level information system post-adoption usage, primarily regarding cognitive factors as predictors of individual usage behavior. We suggest that employees should be embedded in the social network of the organizational unit, and their interactions with coworkers can promote the usage behavior evolution from habitual usage behavior to innovative usage behavior over time. In this paper, according to the social capital theory, we propose a research model of individual IS usage behavior evolution. Then we take the longitudinal period of 3 years and choose two typical periods to collect the valid data from a motor manufacturing enterprise. Through both in-depth interviews and social network analysis approach, empirical results show that there is a close relationship between changing social networks and employees' information system usage behavior evolution. In the Low network density and centrality are positively associated with employees' habitual usage and high network density and centrality are positively associated with employees' innovative usage.
Models for predicting powder-polymer properties and their use in injection molding simulations of aluminum nitride

approved: _______________________________________________________ Sundar V. Atre Powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used to manufacture complex-shaped ceramic and metal components in high production volumes. In order to design and fabricate PIM components, it is important to know a number of material properties at different powderpolymer compositions. In this thesis, several predictive models for estimating rheological, thermal and mechanical properties as a function of powder-polymer mixtures were evaluated using experimental data obtained from the literature. Based on this survey, models were selected for predicting rheological, thermal and mechanical properties for aluminum nitride-polymer mixtures at various volume fractions of powder using experimental measurements of unfilled and filled polymers. The material properties were estimated for two aluminum nitride powder-polymer mixtures and used in mold-filling simulations. These results will provide new perspectives and design tools for identifying useful material compositions, component geometry attributes, and process parameters while eliminating expensive and time-consuming trial-and-error practices prevalent in PIM. © Copyright by Kunal H. Kate December 13, 2012 All Rights Reserved Models for Predicting Powder-Polymer Properties and Their Use in Injection Molding Simulations of Aluminum Nitride
Correcting for tissue nitrogen excretion in multiple breath washout measurements

Nitrogen excreted from body tissues impacts the calculation of multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBWN2) outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tissue N2 on MBWN2 outcomes in both healthy subjects and patients with CF and to assess whether it is possible to correct for tissue N2. The contribution of tissue N2 to MBWN2 outcomes was estimated by comparing MBWN2-derived functional residual capacity (FRCN2) to FRC measured by body plethysmography (FRCpleth) and by comparing MBW outcome measures derived from MBWN2 and sulfur hexafluoride MBW (MBWSF6). Compared to plethysmography and MBWSF6, MBWN2 overestimated FRC and lung clearance index (LCI). Application of mathematical tissue N2 corrections reduced FRCN2 values closer to FRCpleth in health and reduced LCIN2 in both health and CF, but did not explain all of the differences observed between N2-dependent and -independent techniques. Use of earlier washout cut-offs could reduce the influence of tissue N2. Applying tissue N2 corrections to LCIN2 measurements did not significantly affect the interpretation of treatment effects reported in a previously published interventional trial. While tissue N2 excretion likely has an impact on MBWN2 outcomes, better understanding of the nature of this phenomenon is required before routine correction can be implemented into current MBWN2 protocols.
A Novel Regulator of Macrophage Activation: miR-223 in Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation

Background— Macrophage activation plays a crucial role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation and is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. On various types of stimuli, macrophages respond with either classic (M1) or alternative (M2) activation. M1- and M2-mediated signaling pathways and corresponding cytokine production profiles are not completely understood. The discovery of microRNAs provides a new opportunity to understand this complicated but crucial network for macrophage activation and adipose tissue function. Methods and Results— We have examined the activity of microRNA-223 (miR-223) and its role in controlling macrophage functions in adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance. miR-223−/− mice on a high-fat diet exhibited an increased severity of systemic insulin resistance compared with wild-type mice that was accompanied by a marked increase in adipose tissue inflammation. The specific regulatory effects of miR-223 in myeloid cell–mediated regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance were then confirmed by transplantation analysis. Moreover, using bone marrow–derived macrophages, we demonstrated that miR-223 is a novel regulator of macrophage polarization, which suppresses classic proinflammatory pathways and enhances the alternative antiinflammatory responses. In addition, we identified Pknox1 as a genuine miR-223 target gene and an essential regulator for macrophage polarization. Conclusion— For the first time, this study demonstrates that miR-223 acts to inhibit Pknox1, suppressing proinflammatory activation of macrophages; thus, it is a crucial regulator of macrophage polarization and protects against diet-induced adipose tissue inflammatory response and systemic insulin resistance.
Impact of published clinical outcomes data: case study in NHS hospital trusts

Abstract Objective: To examine the impact of the publication of clinical outcomes data on NHS Trusts in Scotland to inform the development of similar schemes elsewhere. Design: Case studies including semistructured interviews and a review of background statistics. Setting: Eight Scottish NHS acute trusts. Participants: 48 trust staff comprising chief executives, medical directors, stroke consultants, breast cancer consultants, nurse managers, and junior doctors. Main outcome measures: Staff views on the benefits and drawbacks of clinical outcome indicators provided by the clinical resource and audit group (CRAG) and perceptions of the impact of these data on clinical practice and continuous improvement of quality. Results: The CRAG indicators had a low profile in the trusts and were rarely cited as informing internal quality improvement or used externally to identify best practice. The indicators were mainly used to support applications for further funding and service development. The poor effect was attributable to a lack of professional belief in the indicators, arising from perceived problems around quality of data and time lag between collection and presentation of data; limited dissemination; weak incentives to take action; a predilection for process rather than outcome indicators; and a belief that informal information is often more useful than quantitative data in the assessment of clinical performance. Conclusions: Those responsible for developing clinical indicator programmes should develop robust datasets. They should also encourage a working environment and incentives such that these data are used to improve continuously. What is already known on this topic Current policy on performance assessment in England and Wales places a great deal of emphasis on the collection and dissemination of clinical information Dissemination of clinical outcome data has had limited impact on the behaviour of provider organisations in the United States What this paper adds Research in Scottish trusts suggests that clinical indicators are rarely used to stimulate quality improvement or share good practice The reasons for low impact include internal factors relating to the properties of the indicators and external factors within the organisational environment in which the data are used
Acoustic emission characterization of failure modes of single-lap joints in glass/epoxy specimens

The main objective of this study is to predict the joint strength and frequency ranges for failure modes on single-lap joints of glass fiber/epoxy specimens under tensile loading, without causing much damage to the lap joint specimen. To design structural components using composite materials, a deep understanding about the material behavior and its failure modes are necessary. To create a better understanding of the adhesive failure, unstable growth and failure process monitoring during mechanical loading is important. Parametric analysis and multistage approach appears to be an efficient tool to correlate the mechanical behavior of composite single-lap joints namely bonded joint, riveted joint, and hybrid joint with acoustic response. The dominant failure modes and their characteristic frequency ranges are assigned to the different acoustic emission (AE) signal levels on the basis of AE waveform in the time domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. FFT analysis is performed for the peak frequency ranges and the results are interpreted with respect to the amplitude and duration hit activity for each failure mode. The results obtained from AE parametric analysis are compared with FFT analysis results to find the peak frequency ranges for each failure mode. Scanning electron microscopy was used to categorize the defects in the post-test specimen, and AE data were correlated to the damage events.