Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Static Analysis for Dynamic XML

We describe the summary graph lattice for dataflow analysis of programs that dynamically construct XML documents. Summary graphs have successfully been used to provide static guarantees in the JWIG language for programming interactive Web services. In particular, the JWIG compiler is able to check validity of dynamically generated XHTML documents and to type check dynamic form data. In this paper we present summary graphs and indicate their applicability for various scenarios. We also show that summary graphs have exactly the same expressive power as the regular expression types from XDuce, but that the extra structure in summary graphs makes them more suitable for certain program analyses.
Analisis Tarif Pengolahan Air Limbah Berdasarkan Ability To Pay (ATP) Dan Willingness To Pay (WTP) (Studi Kasus Ipal Semanggi Kota Surakarta)

Manusia merupakan komponen biotik lingkungan yang aktif. Manusia dapat secara aktif mengelola dan mengubah ekosistem sesuai dengan apa yang di kehendaki. Kegiatan manusia ini dapat menimbulkan berbagai macam gejala yang bersifat negatif, diantaranya adalah masuknya energi dan juga limbah bahan atau senyawa lain ke dalam lingkungan yang menimbulkan pencemaran air, udara, dan tanah yang akan menurunkan kualitas lingkungan hidup. Aktivitas rumah tangga banyak yang memanfaatkan air khususnya air bersih untuk keperluan sehari-hari. Akibat dari penggunaan air untuk aktivitas rumah tangga maka menghasilkan air limbah yang berupa limbah rumah tangga. Limbah diolah pada sistem pengolahan air limbah terpadu sebelum dibuang ke air permukaan. IPAL Semanggi adalah salah satu instalasi pengolahan air limbah di Surakarta. Menurut data dari PDAM selaku pengelola IPAL Semanggi, diketahui bahwa secara finansial keberadaan IPAL ini tidak menguntungkan, bahkan cenderung mengalami kerugian. Dari fenomena ini, maka diperlukan suatu analisis untuk mengetahui mengapa pengguna IPAL Semanggi menunggak membayar tarif. Penelitian ini melakukan kajian terhadap daya beli masyarakat yang meliputi analisis kemampuan membayar (ability to pay) disingkat ATP dan analisis kemauan membayar (willingness to pay) disingkat WTP terhadap tarif yang diberlakukan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penyebaran kuesioner dengan metode simple random sampling dan kemudian hasilnya dianalisis dengan program SPSS (Statistical Package for Sosial Sciences) dan Microsoft Office Exel. Kemudian perhitungan tarif menggunakan metode ATP dan WTP. Hasil dalam penelitian terhadap masyarakat menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat yang menggunakan jasa instalasi pengolahan air limbah merespon dengan cukup baik dalam kaitannya dengan pengelolaan air limbah. Hasil dari perhitungan ATP dan WTP menunjukan bahwa tarif yang berlaku sudah sesuai dengan kemampuan dan kemauan masyarakat pengguna IPAL Semanggi. Kata kunci: LIMBAH,IPAL, tarif, ATP, WTP.
Measurements of the /eɪ/ and /əʊ/ vowels of young English speakers in Singapore

Introduction Many researchers (eg Tay 1982, Brown 1991, Deterding & Hvitfeldt 1994, Deterding & Poedjosoedarmo 1998:Ch 17, Bao 1998) have claimed that the pronunciation of the vowels /eɪ/ and /əʊ/ is distinctive in the pronunciation of Singaporean English (SgE), exhibiting less diphthongal movement than the corresponding vowels in Standard Southern British English (BrE) pronunciation. The relatively monophthongal pronunciation of these two diphthongs is actually found in many other varieties of English, such as Scottish English, Welsh English, and many varieties of American English (Wells 1982:407, 382, 487). Some have suggested that these vowels might be represented in SgE as long monophthongs [eː] and [oː] (Tay 1982, Brown 1991:133) or maybe as [e] and [o] if distinctions in vowel length are not maintained in SgE (Deterding & Poedjosoedarmo 1998:156, Bao 1998:155). These previous studies on SgE have been based on the experience of the researchers in teaching and listening, and none of them have attempted to make measurements of the diphthongs. Furthermore, the previous studies have not considered whether there may be a difference between the different ethnic groups in Singapore. This paper will investigate the pronunciation of these two diphthongs /eɪ/ and /əʊ/, to try to answer two questions: 1. To what extent is the pronunciation of these two diphthongs different from the corresponding vowels in BrE? 2. Is there any difference in the pronunciation of these two diphthongs between ethnically Chinese and Malay speakers in Singapore?
Long-term outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation

6 Original publications 8 Abbreviations 9 Introduction 10 Review of the literature 12 The beginning: Development and anatomy of the liver 12 Liver structure 13 Functions of the liver 14 The setting: Pediatric liver diseases and transplantation indications 16 Cholestatic liver disease 16 Acute liver failure 16 Hepatitis 17 Metabolic liver diseases 17 Fibropolycystic liver disease 19 Liver malignancies 19 Other rare conditions 20 The climax: Pediatric liver transplantation 20 Pretransplant assessment 20 Organ donors 20 Waiting lists and organ allocation 21 Surgical procedure 22 The immune response 24 Immunosuppression 25 The anticlimax: Complications 29 Surgical 29 Medical 30 The finale: Outcomes 34 Survival and causes of death 34 Late graft histology 35 Psychological and cognitive aspects 36 Quality of life 37 Adherence and transition to adult health care 38 Aims of the study 40 Patients, controls and methods 41 Patients and controls 41 Methods 42 Retrospective data collection 42 Histopathology 43 Non-cholesterol sterols and FGF21 43 Quality of life measures 44 Statistical analyses 45 Ethical considerations 45
Emoticons in informal text communication: a new window on bilingual alignment*

The study of emoticon use in text communication is in its early stages (Aragon, Feldman, Chen & Kroll, 2014), with even less known about how emoticons function in multilingual environments. We describe a preliminary longitudinal analysis of text communication in an online bilingual scientific work environment and demonstrate how patterns of emoticon use constitute a novel yet systematic nonverbal aspect of communication. Specifically, coordination over bilingual speakers entails reductions in emoticon diversity over time that are greater for those who communicate in their L2 than in their L1. An analogous but weaker pattern is evident for lexical diversity in L2 but not L1. We hypothesize that reductions in emoticon diversity in the L2 are likely to reflect social contributions to alignment rather than purely proficiency.
Vegfa Protects the Glomerular Microvasculature in Diabetes

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression is increased in glomeruli in the context of diabetes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this upregulation of VEGFA protects the glomerular microvasculature in diabetes and that therefore inhibition of VEGFA will accelerate nephropathy. To determine the role of glomerular Vegfa in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, we used an inducible Cre-loxP gene-targeting system that enabled genetic deletion of Vegfa selectively from glomerular podocytes of wild-type or diabetic mice. Type 1 diabetes was induced in mice using streptozotocin (STZ). We then assessed the extent of glomerular dysfunction by measuring proteinuria, glomerular pathology, and glomerular cell apoptosis. Vegfa expression increased in podocytes in the STZ model of diabetes. After 7 weeks of diabetes, diabetic mice lacking Vegfa in podocytes exhibited significantly greater proteinuria with profound glomerular scarring and increased apoptosis compared with control mice with diabetes or Vegfa deletion without diabetes. Reduced local production of glomerular Vegfa in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes promotes endothelial injury accelerating the progression of glomerular injury. These results suggest that upregulation of VEGFA in diabetic kidneys protects the microvasculature from injury and that reduction of VEGFA in diabetes may be harmful.
Dual-Bounded Generating Problems: All Minimal Integer Solutions for a Monotone System of Linear Inequalities

We consider the problem of enumerating all minimal integer solutions of a monotone system of linear inequalities. We first show that, for any monotone system of r linear inequalities in n variables, the number of maximal infeasible integer vectors is at most rn times the number of minimal integer solutions to the system. This bound is accurate up to a polylog(r) factor and leads to a polynomial-time reduction of the enumeration problem to a natural generalization of the well-known dualization problem for hypergraphs, in which dual pairs of hypergraphs are replaced by dual collections of integer vectors in a box. We provide a quasi-polynomial algorithm for the latter dualization problem. These results imply, in particular, that the problem of incrementally generating all minimal integer solutions to a monotone system of linear inequalities can be done in quasi-polynomial time.
High-mobility group box-1 induces vascular remodelling processes via c-Jun activation

Extracellular high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) acts as a signalling molecule during inflammation, cell differentiation and angiogenesis. Increased abundance of HMGB1 is associated with several pathological disorders such as cancer, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we investigated the relevance of HMGB1 in the pathological remodelling present in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with COPD. Remodelled vessels present in COPD with PH and IPAH lung samples were often surrounded by HMGB1‐positive cells. Increased HMGB1 serum levels were detected in both patient populations compared to control samples. The effects of physiological HMGB1 concentrations were then examined on cellular responses in vitro. HMGB1 enhanced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and primary human arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). HMGB1 stimulated p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, activation of the downstream AP‐1 complex proteins c‐Fos and c‐Jun was observed. Silencing of c‐Jun ablated the HMGB1‐induced proliferation in PASMC. Thus, an inflammatory component such as HMGB1 can contribute to PASMC and PAEC proliferation and therefore potentially to vascular remodelling and PH pathogenesis.
Influence of root temperature on uptake and accumulation of Ni and Co in potato

Summary The impact of root temperature on Ni and Co concentration and accumulation has been studied in organs (roots, tubers, stems and leaves) of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta plants. The response of foliar- and root-urease activity was also determined under the same conditions. Four different polyethylene plastic covers were employed (T1: transparent; T2: white; T3: coextruded black+white; T4: black), using uncovered plants as control (T0). The different treatments had a significant effect on mean root zone temperatures (T0 = 16 °C, T1 = 20 °C, T2 = 23 °C, T3 = 27 °C and T4 = 30 °C) and induced a significantly different response in the Ni and Co distribution in potato organs, since T3 (27 °C) gave higher concentrations of Ni in roots, leaves and tubers. The T1 (20 °C) registered the greatest Co concentration in leaves and roots, while T3 gave higher Co concentrations in tubers. The tubers proved to be the organs with the highest biomass and also the highest Co and Ni accumulation. With respect to the response of the urease activity as Ni-bioindicator, the root urease activity was higher in T1, whereas the leaf urease activity was higher in T3 and T4, coinciding with higher concentrations of leaf Ni. It is necessary to ascertain the relevance and control of the thermal regime of the soil to optimize the phytoextraction (phytoremediation) of elements.
A Linear-time Algorithm for Sparsification of Unweighted Graphs

Given an undirected graph $G$ and an error parameter $\epsilon > 0$, the {\em graph sparsification} problem requires sampling edges in $G$ and giving the sampled edges appropriate weights to obtain a sparse graph $G_{\epsilon}$ with the following property: the weight of every cut in $G_{\epsilon}$ is within a factor of $(1\pm \epsilon)$ of the weight of the corresponding cut in $G$. If $G$ is unweighted, an $O(m\log n)$-time algorithm for constructing $G_{\epsilon}$ with $O(n\log n/\epsilon^2)$ edges in expectation, and an $O(m)$-time algorithm for constructing $G_{\epsilon}$ with $O(n\log^2 n/\epsilon^2)$ edges in expectation have recently been developed (Hariharan-Panigrahi, 2010). In this paper, we improve these results by giving an $O(m)$-time algorithm for constructing $G_{\epsilon}$ with $O(n\log n/\epsilon^2)$ edges in expectation, for unweighted graphs. Our algorithm is optimal in terms of its time complexity; further, no efficient algorithm is known for constructing a sparser $G_{\epsilon}$. Our algorithm is Monte-Carlo, i.e. it produces the correct output with high probability, as are all efficient graph sparsification algorithms.
The Non-structural Protein 5 and Matrix Protein Are Antigenic Targets of T Cell Immunity to Genotype 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the cause of one of the most economically important diseases affecting swine worldwide. Efforts to develop a next-generation vaccine have largely focused on envelope glycoproteins to target virus-neutralizing antibody responses. However, these approaches have failed to demonstrate the necessary efficacy to progress toward market. T cells are crucial to the control of many viruses through cytolysis and cytokine secretion. Since control of PRRSV infection is not dependent on the development of neutralizing antibodies, it has been proposed that T cell-mediated immunity plays a key role. Therefore, we hypothesized that conserved T cell antigens represent prime candidates for the development a novel PRRS vaccine. Antigens were identified by screening a proteome-wide synthetic peptide library with T cells from cohorts of pigs rendered immune by experimental infections with a closely related (subtype 1) or divergent (subtype 3) PRRSV-1 strain. Dominant T cell IFN-γ responses were directed against the non-structural protein 5 (NSP5), and to a lesser extent, the matrix (M) protein. The majority of NSP5-specific CD8 T cells and M-specific CD4 T cells expressed a putative effector memory phenotype and were polyfunctional as assessed by coexpression of TNF-α and mobilization of the cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a. Both antigens were generally well conserved among strains of both PRRSV genotypes. Thus, M and NSP5 represent attractive vaccine candidate T cell antigens, which should be evaluated further in the context of PRRSV vaccine development.
Enhanced Ryanodine Receptor Recruitment Contributes to Ca2+ Disruptions in Young, Adult, and Aged Alzheimer's Disease Mice

Neuronal Ca2+ signaling through inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) must be tightly regulated to maintain cell viability, both acutely and over a lifetime. Exaggerated intracellular Ca2+ levels have been associated with expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mutations in young mice, but little is known of Ca2+ dysregulations during normal and pathological aging processes. Here, we used electrophysiological recordings with two-photon imaging to study Ca2+ signaling in nontransgenic (NonTg) and several AD mouse models (PS1KI, 3xTg-AD, and APPSweTauP301L) at young (6 week), adult (6 months), and old (18 months) ages. At all ages, the PS1KI and 3xTg-AD mice displayed exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ signals relative to NonTg mice. The PS1 mutation was the predominant “calciopathic” factor, because responses in 3xTg-AD mice were similar to PS1KI mice, and APPSweTauP301L mice were not different from controls. In addition, we uncovered powerful signaling interactions and differences between IP3R- and RyR-mediated Ca2+ components in NonTg and AD mice. In NonTg mice, RyR contributed modestly to IP3-evoked Ca2+, whereas the exaggerated signals in 3xTg-AD and PS1KI mice resulted primarily from enhanced RyR-Ca2+ release and were associated with increased RyR expression across all ages. Moreover, IP3-evoked membrane hyperpolarizations in AD mice were even greater than expected from exaggerated Ca2+ signals, suggesting increased coupling efficiency between cytosolic [Ca2+] and K+ channel regulation. We conclude that lifelong ER Ca2+ disruptions in AD are related to a modulation of RyR signaling associated with PS1 mutations and represent a discrete “calciumopathy,” not merely an acceleration of normal aging.
Simulated Annealing Application for Structural Optimization

Several methods are available for weight and shape optimization of structures, among which Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) is one of the most widely used methods. In ESO, however, the optimization criterion is completely case-dependent. Moreover, only the improving solutions are accepted during the search. In this paper a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is used for structural optimization problem. This algorithm differs from other random search methods by accepting non-improving solutions. The implementation of SA algorithm is done through reducing the number of finite element analyses (function evaluations). Computational results show that SA can efficiently and effectively solve such optimization problems within short search time.
Fragile three-dimensionality in the quasi-one-dimensional cuprate PrBa2Cu4O8

In this paper, we report on the experimental realization of dimensional crossover phenomena in the chain compound PrBa2Cu4O8 using temperature, high magnetic fields and disorder as independent tuning parameters. In pure crystals of PrBa2Cu4O8, a highly anisotropic three-dimensional Fermi-liquid state develops at low temperatures. This metallic state is extremely susceptible to disorder, however, and localization rapidly sets in. We show, through quantitative comparison of the relevant energy scales, that this metal/insulator crossover occurs precisely when the scattering rate within the chain exceeds the interchain hopping rate(s), i.e. once carriers become confined to a single conducting element.
Algorithm for Robot Writing Using Character Segmentation

Currently, there are many ongoing researches that are targeted at making robots more human-like. One of the tasks that can be done by humans easily but is difficult to be done by robots is writing. In this paper, we are presenting a flexible algorithm that can allow a robot to write. This algorithm is based on character segmentation, where the main idea is to store character information as segments and the segment information can then be used by the robot to write. We have also developed a sample application using the proposed algorithm to allow a Mitsubishi RV-2AJ robotic arm to write English characters and numbers. Through our experiment, it has been proven that the algorithm developed is able to allow the robotic arm to write
Search for the decay modes B

Citation Lees, J. et al. " Search for the Decay Modes Search for the decay modes B[superscript ±]h[superscript ±]. " Physical Review D 86.1 (2012). Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
Work Attitudes Influencing Job Involvement Among ‘Y’ Generation

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of different work attitudes of Generation Y on Job Involvement in Turkey. Data is collected from Generation Y employees who work in various companies operating in different markets in Turkey through a questionnaire survey, which contains work attitude statements developed by Kamau et al. (2014) and the Job Involvement scale developed by Kanungo (1982). 258 respondents completed the survey. After sorting and removing duplicate submissions a net sample of 228 usable questionnaires remained. Exploratory Factor Analysis is conducted to job involvement scale which returned five items. Also multiple regression analyses are conducted using all 39 work attitude items, lead to finding out 7 which are explaining job involvement. The findings indicate that, work takes a central place in the lives of Generation Y. They like to work and ambitious in their career pursuit. Such factors as, high commitment level to job related goals, strong motivational investment level to their careers, tendency to identify themselves with work are blurring the boundaries of work-personal life balance of Generation Y. Respecting educational differences highly, Generation Y discriminates work relationships according to the qualifications and the level of education with their colleagues. Generation Y also has respect to their bosses and cares less about salaries as compared to work itself. The implications of the results are discussed and future research areas are suggested.
A novel approach for colon biopsy image segmentation

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Traditionally, colon cancer is diagnosed using microscopic analysis of colon biopsy images. However, computer based diagnosis involves acquiring a biopsy image, segmenting the image into constituent regions, extracting features, and based on features identifying cancerous and non-cancerous regions. Image segmentation that is the core process in overall diagnosis is extremely challenging due to similar color distribution in various biological regions of histopathological images. Problem gets more complicated for homogenous images or images acquired under different conditions, particularly change in magnification factor. Several segmentation schemes, proposed for colon images, do not address these problems. In this research study, we propose an un-supervised colon biopsy image segmentation scheme that incorporates background knowledge of benign and malignant tissue organization. The scheme detects elliptical epithelial cells in four angular directions of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and divides elliptic constituents into distinct `primitives'. It further makes use of the distribution as well as spatial relations of these `primitives' to define a homogeneity measure for identifying regions. Contrary to previous ones, the proposed scheme removes dependency on change in magnification and image type. Genetic algorithm (GA) has been employed to optimize several system parameters such as semi-major and semi-minor axis of ellipse, component area threshold to remove smaller components, and merge factor to merge two adjacent and similar regions. Algorithm has been tested on 100 colon biopsy images and improved segmentation accuracy has been observed when compared with segmentation results obtained using circular primitive based techniques.
Consistent Process Mining over Big Data Triple Stores

'Big Data' techniques are often adopted in cross-organization scenarios for integrating multiple data sources to extract statistics or other latent information. Even if these techniques do not require the support of a schema for processing data, a common conceptual model is typically defined to address name resolution. This implies that each local source is tasked of applying a semantic lifting procedure for expressing the local data in term of the common model. Semantic heterogeneity is then potentially introduced in data. In this paper we illustrate a methodology designed to the implementation of consistent process mining algorithms in a `Big Data' context. In particular, we exploit two different procedures. The first one is aimed at computing the mismatch among the data sources to be integrated. The second uses mismatch values to extend data to be processed with a traditional map reduce algorithm.