Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of Ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of Acacia ataxacantha

Purpose: To provide ethnopharmacological and phytochemical properties of Acacia ataxacantha as initial steps of assessing medicinal value and importance of the species in tropical Africa.Methods: Information on the medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of A. ataxacantha was collected from several sources including books, theses, scientific reports and journal articles obtained from internet sources such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, BMC, Elsevier, Science Direct, Scielo and Scopus.Results: Acacia ataxacantha is an important herbal medicine in tropical Africa used against abscesses, backache, cough, dental caries and toothache, headache, malaria, pneumonia, sores and wounds, and stomach problems. The chemical constituents of A. ataxacantha include alkaloids, anthracene derivatives, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, lignan, naphtoquinone, polyphenols, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids. The biological activities demonstrated include antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, laxative and ulceroprotective.Conclusion: The phytochemical properties and pharmacological activities of A. ataxacantha lend some support for the traditional medicinal applications of the species against several diseases.Keywords: Acacia ataxacantha, Ethnopharmacology, Herbal medicine, Indigenous medicinal knowledge, Primary health, Tropical Africa
Nanotechnology and Its Impact on Physical Sciences

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore nanotechnology and its impact on physical sciences. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to nanotechnology and its impact on physical sciences. Preliminary empirical review revealed that nanotechnology has significantly transformed physical sciences, particularly in physics, chemistry, materials science, and condensed matter physics. It has facilitated the development of novel materials and devices, enabling advancements in quantum technologies and nanoelectronics. Interdisciplinary collaboration is key, emphasizing the need for researchers from diverse scientific backgrounds to work together to harness nanotechnology's full potential. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of ongoing research to address ethical, safety, and environmental concerns associated with nanotechnology, ensuring its sustainable integration into physical sciences. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Quantum Confinement Theory, Materials Science and Nanomaterials Theory and the Interdisciplinary Collaboration Theory may be used to anchor future studies on nanotechnology. The recommendations stemming from the study advocated for fostering interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, investing in nanoscience education, promoting ethical and responsible research practices, and supporting long-term environmental assessments. These suggestions aim to facilitate the seamless integration of nanotechnology into the physical sciences, ensuring that it leads to innovative breakthroughs while addressing ethical, safety, and environmental considerations.
Study on the effect of compound cultivation on the growth feature and active ingredients content of Salvia miltiorrhiza

We investigated the effects of the complex cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza on microbial communities, secretions, yield, and active ingredients, and the mechanism of action between microbial communities, secretions, and S. miltiorrhiza growth and development. Neither maize nor soybean was suitable to grow with S. miltiorrhiza, but sesame significantly increased salvinone content, the active ingredient of S. miltiorrhiza, and Tanshinone IIA, Tanshinone I, and Cryptotanshinone increased by 27.06%, 22.76%, and 26.41%, respectively, which increased the abundance and number of microbial communities in S. miltiorrhiza roots. 16S rRNA results showed that the most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota, and their number increased with compound planting of sesame and S. miltiorrhiza. Salvia inter-root secretions affected the microbial community and Salvia growth and development, and lipids and lipid-like molecules significantly reduced Salvia yield and active ingredients. Overall, different plant secretions can lead to differences in the natural environment and Salvia root growth and development, and the composite planting of sesame with Salvia can improve inter-root microbial communities, enhance Salvia quality, and make fuller use of land resources.
An Overview of Cannabidiol as a Multifunctional Drug: Pharmacokinetics and Cellular Effects

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from Cannabis Sativa, has garnered increasing attention for its diverse therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review delves into the complex pharmacokinetics of CBD, including factors such as bioavailability, distribution, safety profile, and dosage recommendations, which contribute to the compound’s pharmacological profile. CBD’s role as a pharmacological inhibitor is explored, encompassing interactions with the endocannabinoid system and ion channels. The compound’s anti-inflammatory effects, influencing the Interferon-beta and NF-κB, position it as a versatile candidate for immune system regulation and interventions in inflammatory processes. The historical context of Cannabis Sativa’s use for recreational and medicinal purposes adds depth to the discussion, emphasizing CBD’s emergence as a pivotal phytocannabinoid. As research continues, CBD’s integration into clinical practice holds promise for revolutionizing treatment approaches and enhancing patient outcomes. The evolution in CBD research encourages ongoing exploration, offering the prospect of unlocking new therapeutic utility.
Participation à la reproduction des femelles de chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) en fonction de leur âge dans une population alpine chassée

La participation des femelles de chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra, a la reproduction en fonction de leur âge a ete estimee dans la population alpine des Bauges entre 1985 et 1991, par examen physique des femelles capturees en juillet et aout (n = 259) et par observation du comportement de femelles marquees (n = 123). Ces deux methodes ont conduit aux memes resultats. Aucune femelle âgee de moins d'un an ne participe a la reproduction (n = 71). 63,3% des femelles de 2 ans (n = 30) et 92,5% des femelles de 3 ans et plus (n = 345) participent a la reproduction. Une forte participation des femelles a la reproduction est generalement consideree comme typique des populations colonisatrices. La pression de chasse importante, auquelle est soumise la population etudiee, maintient la densite bien en dessous de la capacite d'accueil du milieu et empeche l'intervention des phenomenes de densite dependance
Application of Single-Cell Sequencing Technology in Research on Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and second most lethal cancer globally, with gene mutations and tumor metastasis contributing to its poor prognosis. Single-cell sequencing technology enables high-throughput analysis of the genome, transcriptome, and epigenetic landscapes at the single-cell level. It offers significant insights into analyzing the tumor immune microenvironment, detecting tumor heterogeneity, exploring metastasis mechanisms, and monitoring circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This article provides a brief overview of the technical procedure and data processing involved in single-cell sequencing. It also reviews the current applications of single-cell sequencing in CRC research, aiming to enhance the understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity, CRC development, CTCs, and novel drug targets. By exploring the diverse molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of tumor heterogeneity using single-cell sequencing, valuable insights can be gained into early diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of CRC. Thus, this review serves as a valuable resource for identifying prognostic markers, discovering new therapeutic targets, and advancing personalized therapy in CRC.
CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS FOR APPROXIMATING SOLUTION OF VARIATIONAL INCLUSION PROBLEM

This article aims to define a new resolvent operator for variational inclusion problems in the framework of Banach spaces. We design a rapid algorithm using the resolvent operator to approximate the solution of the variational inclusion problem in Banach spaces. Additionally, we show that the algorithm articulated in this article converges faster than the well-known and notable algorithm due to Fang and Huang. To show the superiority and prevalence of the obtained results, we propound a numerical and computational example upholding our claim. Lastly, a minimization problem is solved with the help of the proposed algorithm, which is the first attempt in the current context of the study.
Brain FADE syndrome: the final common pathway of chronic inflammation in neurological disease

Importance While the understanding of inflammation in the pathogenesis of many neurological diseases is now accepted, this special commentary addresses the need to study chronic inflammation in the propagation of cognitive Fog, Asthenia, and Depression Related to Inflammation which we name Brain FADE syndrome. Patients with Brain FADE syndrome fall in the void between neurology and psychiatry because the depression, fatigue, and fog seen in these patients are not idiopathic, but instead due to organic, inflammation involved in neurological disease initiation. Observations A review of randomized clinical trials in stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, COVID, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer’s disease reveal a paucity of studies with any component of Brain FADE syndrome as a primary endpoint. Furthermore, despite the relatively well-accepted notion that inflammation is a critical driving factor in these disease pathologies, none have connected chronic inflammation to depression, fatigue, or fog despite over half of the patients suffering from them. Conclusions and relevance Brain FADE Syndrome is important and prevalent in the neurological diseases we examined. Classical “psychiatric medications” are insufficient to address Brain FADE Syndrome and a novel approach that utilizes sequential targeting of innate and adaptive immune responses should be studied.
Synthesis and characterization of highly crystalline Na‐X zeolite from class F fly ash

The aim of this research is to illustrate the feasibility of transforming a byproduct of coal combustion process (fly ash) into a highly crystalline zeolite with enhanced ion exchange capacity and molecular sieving ability that can be used in various phase separation applications. The main crystalline phases present were: α‐quartz, Mullite, Hematite, Magnetite and Lime. The hydrothermal synthesis process resulted in the formation of a Na‐A in low alkalinity, and Na‐X (Na88Al88Si104O384 (H2O)172.1) in higher alkalinity – classified as FAU (Faujasite). Physisorption analysis using BET method revealed the presence of micropores. Cation exchange capacity increased, as high as 374 meq/g, by increasing the crystallization time. Highly ordered pore structure, enhanced specific surface area and the presence of a negative charge in the framework of Na‐X zeolite (FAU) make it a strong adsorbent and an effective molecular sieve with high shape/size selectivity for various applications, including petroleum refinery catalytic cracking units.
Impacts of the Asia–Australia dipole and ENSO on climate variability in the Asia–Australia region

An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of upper troposphere thickness between 200 and 300 hPa reveals a north–south dipole over the Asian–Australian (A–A) monsoon region in boreal winter (December–February, DJF). The dipole centres are located above the exit of the polar jet in the north and over the equatorial ‘warm pool’ in the south. The structure is defined as the Asia–Australia dipole (AAD) in this study. Its intensity reflects the temperature gradient and interaction of the circulation between the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, as well as illustrating the relations between the polar front jet and the ‘warm pool’ climate. The results show that the AAD strongly affects the climate in the A–A region after excluding the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal in the upper troposphere. The precipitation in the western Eurasian continent and the surface temperature in most of the A–A region are closely linked through the AAD, while the ENSO signal in the upper troposphere influences the climate at lower latitudes. Furthermore, the AAD index (AADI) signal can be found in most 5th Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) model results. Thus, both observational analysis and modelling results demonstrate that the AAD is an important structure in the upper troposphere, largely reflecting differences in the upper troposphere between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Unveiling the Aftermath: Exploring Residue Profiles of Insecticides, Herbicides, and Fungicides in Rice Straw, Soils, and Air Post-Mixed Pesticide-Contaminated Biomass Burning

This study delved into the impact of open biomass burning on the distribution of pesticide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) residues across soil, rice straw, total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), and aerosols. A combination of herbicides atrazine (ATZ) and diuron (DIU), fungicide carbendazim (CBD), and insecticide chlorpyriphos (CPF) was applied to biomass before burning. Post-burning, the primary soil pesticide shifted from propyzamide (67.6%) to chlorpyriphos (94.8%). Raw straw biomass retained residues from all pesticide groups, with chlorpyriphos notably dominating (79.7%). Ash residue analysis unveiled significant alterations, with elevated concentrations of chlorpyriphos and terbuthylazine, alongside the emergence of atrazine-desethyl and triadimenol. Pre-burning TSP analysis identified 15 pesticides, with linuron as the primary compound (51.8%). Post-burning, all 21 pesticides were detected, showing significant increases in metobromuron, atrazine-desethyl, and cyanazine concentrations. PM10 composition mirrored TSP but exhibited additional compounds and heightened concentrations, particularly for atrazine, linuron, and cyanazine. Aerosol analysis post-burning indicated a substantial 39.2-fold increase in atrazine concentration, accompanied by the presence of sebuthylazine, formothion, and propyzamide. Carcinogenic PAHs exhibited noteworthy post-burning increases, contributing around 90.1 and 86.9% of all detected PAHs in TSP and PM10, respectively. These insights advance understanding of pesticide dynamics in burning processes, crucial for implementing sustainable agricultural practices and safeguarding environmental and human health.
Anti inflammatory and human chondrocyte protective effect of Drynariae rhizoma extract

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) on lipopolysaccharide RAW264.7 macrophage cells and its protective effects on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated SW1353 chondrocyte cells. Methods: The anti-inflammatory effect of DRE (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL) were measured by 5-lipooxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme inhibitory activities, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells using Griess reagent assay. Prostaglandins (PGE2) and leukotriene (LTB4) production were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To investigate the protective effect on chondrocytes, the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3, -9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 was determined using zymography assay and ELISA kit in SW1353 cells stimulated with IL-1β. Results: Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) had a significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory effect on 5-LO and COX-2 enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner compared to untreated group. In RAW264.7 cells, levels of NO, PGE2 and LTB4 of DRE group were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in study group (treated with DRE) at 12.5 μg/mL compared to the group treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) alone. Additionally, in SW1353 human chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed in DRE-treated group compared to IL-1β group alone, with no significant impact on TIMP-1 production. Conclusion: Drynariae rhizome (Polypodiaceae) extract (DRE) possesses anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection effects. It therefore has the potential to be developed as an effective natural pharmaceutical agent for inflammation or osteoarthritis.
A Thermal Network Model for Multichip Power Modules Enabling to Characterize the Thermal Coupling Effects

A proper thermal network model (TNM) facilitates the thermal analysis of multichip power modules and is beneficial to the reliability evaluation of power converters. However, many TNMs are struggling to provide the accurate thermal analysis while maintaining acceptable computational efficiency. To address this, a TNM based on the Cauer model is proposed in this article, where the Cauer model is obtained with the assistance of the structure function. Then, the thermal coupling effects in multichip power modules are fully characterized. More specifically, the thermal coupling in the proposed TNM is equivalent to the injected power losses from the specific nodes, and an enumeration method is accordingly used to identify the injected nodes and the injected power losses. Moreover, a discretization approach based on the forward Euler method is implemented to enhance the computational efficiency. Subsequently, the junction temperature of the multichip power module is estimated through the signal-flow graph method. Finally, the proposed TNM uses the typical insulated-gate bipolar transistor modules as a case study, and extensive simulations and experimental tests are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed TNM.
Dairy consumption and liver cancer risk: A meta‑analysis of observational studies

The connection between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of developing primary liver cancer (PLC) remains unclear. The present study performed a comprehensive meta-analysis with the aim of providing evidence for any connection between the risk of developing PLC and the consumption of dairy products. For this purpose, eligible studies were screened from the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases before December 2022. A total of 10 cohort studies and 8 case-control studies were included, making a total of 18 studies with 6,562,714 participants and 7,970 PLC cases. The relative risks (RRs) for milk and yogurt were 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.77] and 0.49 (95% CI, 0.27-0.91), which revealed a positive and negative association, respectively, with the risk of developing PLC. There was no association between total dairy (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.84-1.30) or cheese and curd (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.87-1.27) consumption and the risk of developing PLC. On the whole, the findings of the present study demonstrated that high milk consumption was associated with a higher risk of developing PLC, while by contrast, yogurt consumption was associated with a lower risk of developing PLC. Consequently, further studies are required to further examine this association.
Single Layer Multi-Band Transmissive Type Linear to Circular Polarization Converter With Wide Angular Stability for C-, X-, and Ku-Band Applications

This paper presents a linear-to-circular polarization converter (LCPC) used for multi-band functionality. The LCPC surface features symmetrically printed copper strips on a single-layer substrate and is surrounded by a square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity arranged periodically in two dimensions. The study successfully utilizes the LCPC surface to achieve a desirable axial ratio (AR) band width (BW) below 3 dB in multiple frequency ranges, specifically: 1) 4.51-4.80 GHz, 2) 6.51-6.80 GHz, 3) 9.01-9.20 GHz, 4) 10.90-12.40 GHz, and 5) 17.05-17.49 GHz. The LCPC induces a change in polarization as the wave propagates through it. In the first (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{31}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and fourth (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{34}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) frequency bands, the initially linearly polarized (LP) wave transforms into a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) wave. Conversely, in the second (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{32}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), third (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{33}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and fifth (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{35}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) frequency bands, the wave converts into a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) wave. Measurement results indicate that the LCPC provides circularly polarized (CP) wave bandwidths of 12.72%, 4.8%, 2.4%, 11.39%, and 3.15% across frequency ranges of 3.9 - 4.43 GHz, 6.21- 6.52 GHz, 8.9-9.08 GHz, 10.51-11.78 GHz, and 16.85-17.39 GHz, respectively. This characteristic renders the LCPC suitable for utilization in the C (4-8 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), and Ku (12-18 GHz) frequency bands.
Athletes’ nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements

Nutrition serves as the cornerstone of an athlete’s life, exerting a profound impact on their performance and overall well-being. To unlock their full potential, athletes must adhere to a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. This approach not only enables them to achieve optimal performance levels but also facilitates efficient recovery and reduces the risk of injuries. In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, many athletes also embrace the use of nutritional supplements to complement their dietary intake and support their training goals. These supplements cover a wide range of options, addressing nutrient deficiencies, enhancing recovery, promoting muscle synthesis, boosting energy levels, and optimizing performance in their respective sports or activities. The primary objective of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the diverse nutritional requirements that athletes face to optimize their performance, recovery, and overall well-being. Through a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations and shed light on the optimal daily intakes of carbohydrates, protein, fats, micronutrients, hydration strategies, ergogenic aids, nutritional supplements, and nutrient timing. Furthermore, our aim is to dispel common misconceptions regarding sports nutrition, providing athletes with accurate information and empowering them in their nutritional choices.