Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fitting clinical workflow: The case for wound care in a residential aged care home

Residential aged care homes have, or are in the process of implementing, electronic health record (EHR) systems to improve quality of care and reduce cost. For the system to deliver benefits, it must support nursing tasks and be seamlessly integrated into the nursing workflow. To identify whether and how an EHR system can do this most effectively, direct observation was conducted in a residential aged care home on nurses' use of EHR for wound care. The work processes of wound care and its documentation were investigated. Problems in the use of EHR were identified: 1) functional deficiencies of the EHR system which included a lack of functions to remind nurses of the existence of a wound chart, unavailability of an existent function when needed and a lack of sufficient detail in the information provided; 2) a lack of mobile devices to allow nurses to access the EHR system at the point-of-care, resulting in nurses using paper for point-of-care documentation. The findings suggest that continuous improvement in both the EHR system and its management is required to achieve integration of people, task, process and technology for the optimal benefits of EHR.
Salicornia virginica in a southern California salt marsh: Seasonal patterns and a nutrient-enrichment experiment

Salicornia virginica (common pickleweed) is the dominant vascular plant of many saline marshes of the US west coast, yet little is known about seasonal patterns or abiotic factors controlling it. In a southern California salt marsh, quarterly sampling revealed strong seasonal trends, with 2x greater S. virginica biomass in summer than in winter. Tissue nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were highest in winter and lower in spring and summer, suggesting a dilution of nutrients as plants accumulated biomass during the growing season. Despite high sediment nutrient levels in this marsh, an experiment examining N and P effects still found strong S. virginica responses to N applied biweekly for > 1 year. Increases in succulent tissue biomass after N addition were first seen in April 1998 (after fertilization for 11 months); two-fold increases in biomass and the number of branches resulted by the end of the experiment in August 1998. Addition of N increased N concentration in the woody tissues when sampled in August. The N:P ratio increased with N addition beginning in winter (7 months after fertilization began) and continuing through the remainder of the experiment. Effects of P addition were less marked, as adding P did not result in biomass responses; however, it did influence tissue nutrient levels. These amendments increased P concentrations in the woody tissue in August 1998. In contrast to N amendments, which did not affect root nutrient concentrations, P addition led to increases in P content of root tissues in the latter portion of the growing season. These data suggest that increases in nutrients (especially N, but also P) can lead to large changes in S. virginica characteristics even in estuaries with high sediment nutrient levels.
Asian origin for the worldwide-spread mutational event in Machado-Joseph disease.

BACKGROUND Machado-Joseph disease is the most frequent dominant ataxia worldwide. Despite its frequency and presence in many populations, only 2 founder mutations have been suggested to explain its current geographic distribution. OBJECTIVES To trace back in history the main mutational events in Machado-Joseph disease, we aimed to assess ancestral haplotypes and population backgrounds, to date the mutations, and to trace the routes and time of introduction of the founder haplotypes in different populations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 264 families with Machado-Joseph disease from 20 different populations. Six intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used to determine ancestral mutational events; 4 flanking short tandem repeats were used to construct extended haplotypes and measure accumulation of genetic diversity over time within each lineage. RESULTS The worldwide-spread lineage, TTACAC, had its highest diversity in the Japanese population, where we identified the ancestral short tandem repeat-based haplotype. Accumulated variability suggested a postneolithic mutation, about 5774 +/- 1116 years old, with more recent introductions in North America, Germany, France, Portugal, and Brazil. As to the second mutational event, in the GTGGCA lineage, only 7 families (of 71 families) did not have Portuguese ancestry, although gene diversity was again smaller in Portuguese families (0.44) than in non-Portuguese families (0.93). CONCLUSIONS The worldwide-spread mutation may have first occurred in Asia and later been diffused throughout Europe, with a founder effect accounting for its high prevalence in Portugal; the other Machado-Joseph disease lineage is more recent, about 1416 +/- 434 years old, and its dispersion may be explained mainly by recent Portuguese emigration.
Glucose Down-regulates Per1 and Per2mRNA Levels and Induces Circadian Gene Expression in Cultured Rat-1 Fibroblasts* 210

In mammals, peripheral circadian clocks are present in most tissues, but little is known about how these clocks are synchronized with the ambient 24-h cycles. By using rat-1 fibroblasts, a model cell system of the peripheral clock, we found that an exchange of the culture medium triggered circadian gene expression that was preceded by slow down-regulation of Per1 andPer2 mRNA levels. This profile contrasts to the immediate up-regulation of these genes often observed for clock resetting. The screening of factor(s) responsible for the down-regulation revealed glucose as a key component triggering the circadian rhythm. The requirement of both glucose metabolism and RNA/protein synthesis for the down-regulation suggests the involvement of gene(s) immediately up-regulated by glucose metabolism. An analysis with high density oligonucleotide microarrays identified >100 glucose-regulated genes. We found among others immediately up-regulated genes encoding transcriptional regulators TIEG1, VDUP1, and HES1, in addition to cooperatively regulated genes that are associated with cholesterol biosynthesis and cell cycle. The immediate up-regulation of Tieg1 and Vdup1 expression was dependent on glucose metabolism but not on protein synthesis, suggesting that the transcriptional regulators mediate the glucose-induced down-regulation of Per1 andPer2 expression. These results illustrate a novel mode of peripheral clock resetting by external glucose, a major food metabolite.
Neural recognition molecule NB‐2 of the contactin/F3 subgroup in rat: Specificity in neurite outgrowth‐promoting activity and restricted expression in the brain regions

NB‐2, a neural cell recognition molecule of the contactin/F3 subgroup, promoted neurite outgrowth of the cerebral cortical neurons but not the hippocampal neurons. NB‐2 in rat became apparent after birth at protein level, reaching a maximum at postnatal day 14 in the cerebrum and postnatal day 3 in the cerebellum. NB‐2 in the cerebellum declined abruptly thereafter. In situ hybridization demonstrated that NB‐2 mRNA was highly expressed in regions implicated in the central auditory pathway, including the cochlear nuclei, superior olive, inferior colliculi, medial geniculate nuclei, and auditory cortex. In addition, a high level of NB‐2 expression was observed in the accessory olfactory bulb, thalamic nuclei, facial nucleus, and inferior olive. By immunohistochemistry, intense immunoreactivity against NB‐2 was also detected in the auditory pathway. Thus, NB‐2 is expressed in highly restricted brain regions, including the auditory system, suggesting that it plays specific roles in the development and/or maturation of the regions. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:100–110, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antenna selection in LTE: from motivation to specification

Transmit antenna selection technology has been adopted for the uplink by the next generation Long Term Evolution wireless standard in order to harness the spatial diversity offered by multiple antennas at the mobile transmitter, while keeping the hardware complexity and cost of a mobile low. In TAS, the number of RF chains for processing/up-conversion is smaller than the number of available antenna elements, so at any time the signals can only be transmitted from a (dynamically optimized) subset of antenna elements. As a result, the training procedure for AS needs to be carefully engineered. In LTE, this is accomplished by reusing the wideband sounding reference signal for the purpose of AS training. Furthermore, new mechanisms are required to facilitate feedback from the receiver (the base station) to the transmitter about which subset is optimal and should thus be used by the mobile. In LTE, this is accomplished by employing a unique masking technique on the downlink control channel that eliminates the feedback overhead at the expense of a minor increase in complexity at the mobile. This article provides an in-depth and systematic overview of all physical and higher layer features in the LTE standard that enable TAS. Also highlighted are the variety of technical and standardization challenges that drove the specification of AS in LTE, and the aspects of the LTE standard that are impacted by AS.
Stakeholder communication management on the Internet: An integrated matrix for the identification of opportunities

Until recently stakeholder communication has tended to be mostly unidirectional and simple. However, the advent of the Internet has brought unprecedented change. Stakeholder communication is no longer unidirectional, and as stakeholders increasingly communicate with each other this communication becomes infinitely more complex. Unfortunately many of the tools and models of PR were developed and refined in a pre‐Internet world. This paper introduces an integrated Internet stake‐holder communication matrix (I2SCM), and explains its use for the identification of issues that need to be managed with regard to the Internet and2 PR.
The research programme of economics and the relevance of psychology

While biologists may learn from physics and from chemistry, economists seem to have no need to look at psychology in order to develop their theories. The paper addresses itself to this fact and attempts an explanation in terms of the following proposals: (1) Economics is not primarily a science of human behaviour. (2) Adam Smith has left a view of human nature and of human actions to economists which works quite satisfactorily for the purposes of political economy. (3) Modern economists hold their sophisticated approach to human behaviour to be superior to the (social) psychologists' one. This view is partially correct and partially an illusion. (4) Without any use of motivational hypotheses economics has no explanatory power at all. The implicitly applied motivation theory of economics can be better founded and can be enriched by looking at modern psychology.
Identification of Human Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 as a Functional Receptor for the Hom-1 Calicivirus on Human Cells

ABSTRACT The Hom-1 vesivirus was reported in 1998 following the inadvertent transmission of the animal calicivirus San Miguel sea lion virus to a human host in a laboratory. We characterized the Hom-1 strain and investigated the mechanism by which human cells could be infected. An expression library of 3,559 human plasma membrane proteins was screened for reactivity with Hom-1 virus-like particles, and a single interacting protein, human junctional adhesion molecule 1 (hJAM1), was identified. Transient expression of hJAM1 conferred susceptibility to Hom-1 infection on nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Virus infection was markedly inhibited when CHO cells stably expressing hJAM were pretreated with anti-hJAM1 monoclonal antibodies. Cell lines of human origin were tested for growth of Hom-1, and efficient replication was observed in HepG2, HuH7, and SK-CO15 cells. The three cell lines (of hepatic or intestinal origin) were confirmed to express hJAM1 on their surface, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated knockout of the hJAM1 gene in each line abolished Hom-1 propagation. Taken together, our data indicate that entry of the Hom-1 vesivirus into these permissive human cell lines is mediated by the plasma membrane protein hJAM1 as a functional receptor. IMPORTANCE Vesiviruses, such as San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calicivirus, are typically associated with infection in animal hosts. Following the accidental infection of a laboratory worker with San Miguel sea lion virus, a related virus was isolated in cell culture and named Hom-1. In this study, we found that Hom-1 could be propagated in a number of human cell lines, making it the first calicivirus to replicate efficiently in cultured human cells. Screening of a library of human cell surface membrane proteins showed that the virus could utilize human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a receptor to enter cells and initiate replication. The Hom-1 virus presents a new system for the study of calicivirus biology and species specificity. Vesiviruses, such as San Miguel sea lion virus and feline calicivirus, are typically associated with infection in animal hosts. Following the accidental infection of a laboratory worker with San Miguel sea lion virus, a related virus was isolated in cell culture and named Hom-1. In this study, we found that Hom-1 could be propagated in a number of human cell lines, making it the first calicivirus to replicate efficiently in cultured human cells. Screening of a library of human cell surface membrane proteins showed that the virus could utilize human junctional adhesion molecule 1 as a receptor to enter cells and initiate replication. The Hom-1 virus presents a new system for the study of calicivirus biology and species specificity.
Se p 20 05 Expanded Conclusive Eavesdropping in Quantum Key Distribution

The paper [Howard E. Brandt, ”Conclusive eavesdropping in quantum key distribution,” J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 7 (2005)] is generalized to include the full range of error rates for the projectively measured quantum cryptographic entangling probe, and also the full range of inconclusive rates for the entangling probe measured with the POVM receiver.
Word Semantic Similarity for Morphologically Rich Languages

In this work, we investigate the role of morphology on the performance of semantic similarity for morphologically rich languages, such as German and Greek. The challenge in processing languages with richer morphology than English, lies in reducing estimation error while addressing the semantic distortion introduced by a stemmer or a lemmatiser. For this purpose, we propose a methodology for selective stemming, based on a semantic distortion metric. The proposed algorithm is tested on the task of similarity estimation between words using two types of corpus-based similarity metrics: co-occurrence-based and context-based. The performance on morphologically rich languages is boosted by stemming with the context-based metric, unlike English, where the best results are obtained by the co-occurrence-based metric. A key finding is that the estimation error reduction is different when a word is used as a feature, rather than when it is used as a target word.
Polyploidy and the Evolution of Complex Traits

We explore how whole-genome duplications (WGDs) may have given rise to complex innovations in cellular networks, innovations that could not have evolved through sequential single-gene duplications. We focus on two classical WGD events, one in bakers' yeast and the other at the base of vertebrates (i.e., two rounds of whole-genome duplication: 2R-WGD). Two complex adaptations are discussed in detail: aerobic ethanol fermentation in yeast and the rewiring of the vertebrate developmental regulatory network through the 2R-WGD. These two examples, derived from diverged branches on the eukaryotic tree, boldly underline the evolutionary potential of WGD in facilitating major evolutionary transitions. We close by arguing that the evolutionary importance of WGD may require updating certain aspects of modern evolutionary theory, perhaps helping to synthesize a new evolutionary systems biology.
A Stability Control by Active Angle Control of Front-Wheel in a Vehicle System

Side-slip angle information is required for stabilizing a vehicle. Conventional stability control methods assume that side-slip angle information can be obtained directly from a sensor. However, this is difficult to do in a normal car because an expensive sensor is needed to realize these methods. In this paper, a strategy for stability control based on the estimated side-slip is proposed. First, a novel linear observer that can make the estimated error small compared with the conventional linear observer is designed. Second, the yaw rate following the controller is constructed. To implement this control system in an actual vehicle system, a steering angle controller is designed. Finally, to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control system, numerical simulation is implemented with the consideration of a gust of wind and vehicle modeling error. Also, running a vehicle experiment on the road is shown.
Results from an Empirical Study: The impact of carrying a child on the back on the development of visual integration pathways

Optimal cognitive development and maturation depends on optimal auditory, visual and tactile-kinesthetic perception. It is therefore important that an infant should be actively involved and participate physically in the mastery of concrete objects during Piaget's sensorimotor stage. In a previous study, Pretorius and coworkers postulated that cultural behavior such as Pêpa (carrying the baby on the mother's back) could have a negative impact on the development of visual integration pathways, as it prevents the child to crawl adequately or enough during the sensorimotor stage. To prove the hypothesis presented previously, we present results from an empirical study conducted in a black township in South Africa.
Targeting TPX2 Suppresses the Tumorigenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Resulting in Arrested Mitotic Phase Progression and Increased Genomic Instability

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat, with chemotherapies being relatively ineffective. Therefore, a better knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis will provide opportunities for designing targeted therapies. TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) is overexpressed as a consequence of oncogenic alterations and is likely to alter the proper regulation of chromosome segregation in cancer cells. Disrupting the machinery which is responsible for mitosis and chromosome instability in cancer cells can be one of the most successful strategies for cancer therapy. Therefore, we consider the targeting TPX2 could provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. In this study, increased TPX2 protein expression was present in 16 (42%) of 38 primary HCCs and was associated with advanced stage, distant metastatic HCCs and poor prognosis. Knockdown of TPX2 inhibited cancer cell growth and downregulation of cyclin A, cyclin E and CDK2 proteins. However, over-expressed EGFP-TPX2 protein enhanced the in vitro tumor spheroid formation and rescued the TPX2 depleted cell growth. Targeting TPX2 caused a rising impaired chromosomal instability resulting in multinuclearity, cell cycle progression arrest, apotosis, senescence and an increased polyploidy in cells. An image-cytometry analysis revealed cell cycle progression arrest after TPX2 inhibition. A correlation was observed between the downregulation of the protein levels of genes related to chromosomal segregation and spindle assembly checkpoint (securin, seprase, Aurora A, Aurora B, Cyclin B1, Cyclin B2, MPS1, BUB1, BUB3, MAD1 and MAD2) and increased cell ploidy, indicating mitotic progression failure and the loss of the balance of genomic instability. In vitro tumor spheroid assay and in vivo xenografts mouse model showed a therapeutic opportunity. Our findings indicate that targeting TPX2 lead to suppress tumorigenicity in liver cancer cells, suggesting that TPX2 is a potential target for anticancer therapy in HCC.
Effects of Spike Anticipation on the Spiking Dynamics of Neural Networks

Synchronization is one of the central phenomena involved in information processing in living systems. It is known that the nervous system requires the coordinated activity of both local and distant neural populations. Such an interplay allows to merge different information modalities in a whole processing supporting high-level mental skills as understanding, memory, abstraction, etc. Though, the biological processes underlying synchronization in the brain are not fully understood there have been reported a variety of mechanisms supporting different types of synchronization both at theoretical and experimental level. One of the more intriguing of these phenomena is the anticipating synchronization, which has been recently reported in a pair of unidirectionally coupled artificial neurons under simple conditions (Pyragiene and Pyragas, 2013), where the slave neuron is able to anticipate in time the behavior of the master one. In this paper, we explore the effect of spike anticipation over the information processing performed by a neural network at functional and structural level. We show that the introduction of intermediary neurons in the network enhances spike anticipation and analyse how these variations in spike anticipation can significantly change the firing regime of the neural network according to its functional and structural properties. In addition we show that the interspike interval (ISI), one of the main features of the neural response associated with the information coding, can be closely related to spike anticipation by each spike, and how synaptic plasticity can be modulated through that relationship. This study has been performed through numerical simulation of a coupled system of Hindmarsh–Rose neurons.
Communicating Disappointment: The Viewpoint of Sons and Daughters

Despite the voluminous literature on general parenting strategies, there seems to be little systematic examination of the social psychological and communicative aspects of parental disappointment. This study examines parental strategies for communicating disappointment from the point of view of sons and daughters and develops a typology. A sample of 377 undergraduates completed questionnaires about their parents' strategies for communicating disappointment, the types of reasons attributed for parental disappointment messages, and their personal sense of control. Results indicate that although parents are reported to be generally verbally direct in their expression of disappointment, mothers were reported using indirect verbal criticism and relying on nonverbal cues more often than fathers to communicate their disappointment. For both parents, the greater the use of indirect criticism, the more likely the child would report feeling out of control of his or her life. The links among indirect parental verbal criticism, parental disappointment, and child outcomes are discussed and a typology of parental disappointments are provided.