Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flagellar Motility Contributes to Cytokinesis in Trypanosoma brucei and Is Modulated by an Evolutionarily Conserved Dynein Regulatory System

ABSTRACT The flagellum of Trypanosoma brucei is a multifunctional organelle with critical roles in motility and other aspects of the trypanosome life cycle. Trypanin is a flagellar protein required for directional cell motility, but its molecular function is unknown. Recently, a trypanin homologue in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was reported to be part of a dynein regulatory complex (DRC) that transmits regulatory signals from central pair microtubules and radial spokes to axonemal dynein. DRC genes were identified as extragenic suppressors of central pair and/or radial spoke mutations. We used RNA interference to ablate expression of radial spoke (RSP3) and central pair (PF16) components individually or in combination with trypanin. Both rsp3 and pf16 single knockdown mutants are immotile, with severely defective flagellar beat. In the case of rsp3, this loss of motility is correlated with the loss of radial spokes, while in the case of pf16 the loss of motility correlates with an aberrant orientation of the central pair microtubules within the axoneme. Genetic interaction between trypanin and PF16 is demonstrated by the finding that loss of trypanin suppresses the pf16 beat defect, indicating that the DRC represents an evolutionarily conserved strategy for dynein regulation. Surprisingly, we discovered that four independent mutants with an impaired flagellar beat all fail in the final stage of cytokinesis, indicating that flagellar motility is necessary for normal cell division in T. brucei. These findings present the first evidence that flagellar beating is important for cell division and open the opportunity to exploit enzymatic activities that drive flagellar beat as drug targets for the treatment of African sleeping sickness.
Techniques and Algorithm Design for the Detection of PSNR in Digital Images

The problem of detection and removal of noise in digital images is Vast. Many techniques have been used for removal of noise from the given set of images. In this paper, we present algorithm that can be used for removal of various type of noise for the given test images. Various classifiers have been proposed. We proposed PSNR with varying threshold as the algorithm for the removal of noise and classification of the images. The algorithm gives us a clear boundary or specifically a hyper plane that separate noisy and non-noisy images. Refer
SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT : A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ITS VARIOUS ASPECTS †

Scientific misconduct has various causes, from mere ignorance of authors to the outright deceptive tendencies of perpetrators. It thrives in an atmosphere of indifference, collusion, secrecy and lack of accountability. It is necessary to acquaint the public of the numerous guises, in which scientific misconduct is affecting good and authentic research in a plethora of irrelevant and misleading ones. Among the most common kinds of misconduct are: fabrication, manipulation and plagiarism. With the passage of time, the exact nature of academic fraud has become subtle and is often very difficult to detect. This paper touches upon various aspects of scientific misconduct and briefly suggests possible solutions.
Whole Exome Sequencing for Familial Bicuspid Aortic Valve Identifies Putative Variants

Background—Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular malformation. Although highly heritable, few causal variants have been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants underlying BAV by whole exome sequencing a multiplex BAV kindred. Methods and Results—Whole exome sequencing was performed on 17 individuals from a single family (BAV=3; other cardiovascular malformation, 3). Postvariant calling error control metrics were established after examining the relationship between Mendelian inheritance error rate and coverage, quality score, and call rate. To determine the most effective approach to identifying susceptibility variants from among 54 674 variants passing error control metrics, we evaluated 3 variant selection strategies frequently used in whole exome sequencing studies plus extended family linkage. No putative rare, high-effect variants were identified in all affected but no unaffected individuals. Eight high-effect variants were identified by ≥2 of the commonly used selection strategies; however, these were either common in the general population (>10%) or present in the majority of the unaffected family members. However, using extended family linkage, 3 synonymous variants were identified; all 3 variants were identified by at least one other strategy. Conclusions—These results suggest that traditional whole exome sequencing approaches, which assume causal variants alter coding sense, may be insufficient for BAV and other complex traits. Identification of disease-associated variants is facilitated by the use of segregation within families.
Late results after meniscectomy.

Two hundred thirteen patients with uncomplicated meniscus injuries were studied from ten to thirty years after their meniscectomy in order to determine the late effects of surgery. Delay of operation after injury did not affect the ultimate result. Patients less than twenty years old at the time of operation had fewer excellent and good results. The diagnosis is more difficult, and the benefit of meniscectomy is less certain, in women than in men. There was no difference in results between total and partial meniscectomy except in bucket-handle tears. Leaving the peripheral rim intact in uncomplicated bucket-handle tears produced the most excellent results. Persistence in a physical occupation or participation in non-contact sports seems not to alter the course after meniscectomy. It was usually, but not invariably, possible to correlate roentgenographic appearance with the clinical result. The meniscectomy site was readily apparent in ninety-four of 110 patients (85 per cent). Sixty-eight per cent of patients in our series had satisfactory clinical results, but only 45 per cent of men and 10 per cent of women had symptom-free knees.
An experimental framework for learning the medical image diagnosis

In this paper we propose a framework in which some methods are compared to achieve the medical diagnosis based on image analysis. The proposed framework includes besides components for the extraction of low-level features, methods for the integration of semantic knowledge about the medical diagnosis into the retrieval process. So, the paper approaches modalities for learning the medical diagnosis using low-level characteristics automatically extracted from the visual content to generate high-level concepts by means of semantic association rules. The experiments through this experimental framework were realized on medical collections of images.
Difference in factors associated with low-level viraemia and virological failure: results from the Austrian HIV Cohort Study

For some patients, it remains a challenge to achieve complete virological suppression which is the goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Identifying factors associated with low‐level viraemia (LLV) and virological failure (VF) under ART might help to optimize management of these patients.
Lexvo.org: Language-related information for the Linguistic Linked Data cloud

Lexvo.org brings information about languages, words, and other linguistic entities to the Web of Linked Data. It defines URIs for terms, languages, scripts, and characters, which are not only highly interconnected but also linked to a variety of resources on the Web. Additionally, new datasets are being published to contribute to the emerging Linked Data Cloud of Language-Related information.
Network Formation and the Structure of the Commercial World Wide Web

We model the commercial World Wide Web as a directed graph that emerges as the equilibrium of a game in which utility maximizing websites purchase (advertising) in-links from each other while also setting the price of these links. In equilibrium, higher content sites tend to purchase more advertising links (mirroring the Dorfman-Steiner rule) while selling less advertising links themselves. As such, there seems to be specialization across sites in revenue models: high content sites tend to earn revenue from the sales of content, whereas low content ones earn revenue from the sales of traffic (advertising). In an extension, we also allow sites to establish (reference) out-links to each other and find that there is a general tendency to establish reference links to sites with higher content. Finally, we explore network formation in the presence of search engines and find that the higher the proportion of people using them, the more sites have an incentive to specialize in certain content areas. Our results have interesting practical implications for search-engine optimization, the pricing of online advertising, and the choice of Internet business models. They also shed light on why Google can use the web's link structure to rank sites by content.
CeO2@C derived from benzene carboxylate bridged metal–organic frameworks: ligand induced morphology evolution and influence on the electrochemical properties as a lithium-ion battery anode

We report herein a facile metal–organic framework (MOF) derived route for the synthesis of carbon embedded CeO2 (CeO2@C) with a pre-designed shape-specific morphology by varying the organic linker and by using PVP as the structure directing agent. It is found that the general morphological features of the parent MOF are mimicked by the derived oxide. Four different linkers have been used to prepare CeO2@C particles with three different shapes – spherical, bar-shaped and thin plate-like. A probable formation mechanism is discussed based on metal–ligand coordination. Influence of the morphology on the electrochemical properties as a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode has been studied in coin cells vs. Li/Li+. The spherically shaped CeO2@C-14 shows a superior performance with a maximum specific capacity of 715 mA h g−1 at 0.05 mA cm−2, good rate performance (413 mA h g−1 at 0.5 mA cm−2) and cycling stability (∼94% capacity retention after 100 cycles). The present results demonstrate that the major limitations of metal oxide anodes – volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation, rate performance and capacity fading upon cycling – could be overcome to a great extent by adopting the two-way approach of morphology design through the MOF route and in situ embedded carbon matrix.
A Synthesis of Complex Objects and Object-Orientation

Complex Object models, semantic or knowledge representation models on the one side, and objectoriented models on the other side are currently considered candidates for future databases. Either of them have their particular strongpoints and weaknesses, such that up to now no single model could be identified to suit all needs. Database models provide limitted structuring capabilities and too poor semantics and object-oriented approaches suffer from their navigational one-object-at-a-time style of operation. In this paper we show, how the approaches can be mixed into a single, coherent approach that eliminates all of these deficiencies and nevertheless preserves their advantages: flexibility through powerful structuring primitives, rich semantics, and encapsulation, and efficiency through optimizable descriptive, set-oriented query and update languages. We call this symbiosis of Complex Objects with the object-oriented paradigm “Complex-Object-Orientation”.
CD11b+ DCs rediscovered: implications for vaccination

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen sensing and presenting cells, able to both initiate and orchestrate complex immune responses. DCs are optimally equipped to recognize pathogens, as well as self-antigens and vaccine components, and instruct the type, magnitude and specificity of the ensuing immunity. However, the DC population is remarkably heterogeneous and consists of multiple subsets with different ontogeny, differentiation and functional specializations. Therefore, a deeper understanding of DC subset biology is fundamental for the development and implementation of innovative vaccination strategies.
University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Document generality : its computation for ranking

The increased variety of information makes it critical to retrieve documents which are not only relevant but also broad enough to cover as many different aspects of a certain topic as possible. The increased variety of users also makes it critical to retrieve documents that are jargon free and easy-to-understand rather than the specific technical materials. In this paper, we propose a new concept namely document generality computation. Generality of document is of fundamental importance to information retrieval. Document generality is the state or quality of document being general. We compute document generality based on a domain-ontology method that analyzes scope and semantic cohesion of concepts appeared in the text. For test purposes, our proposed approach is then applied to improving the performance of document ranking in bio-medical information retrieval. The retrieved documents are re-ranked by a combined score of similarity and the closeness of documents’ generality to that of a query. The experiments have shown that our method can work on a large scale bio-medical text corpus OHSUMED (Hersh, Buckley, Leone & Hickam 1994), which is a subset of MEDLINE collection containing of 348,566 medical journal references and 101 test queries, with an encouraging performance.
Incidence of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection during three influenza seasons in Bangladesh, 2008-2010.

OBJECTIVE To determine how much influenza contributes to severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), a leading cause of death in children, among people of all ages in Bangladesh. METHODS Physicians obtained nasal and throat swabs to test for influenza virus from patients who were hospitalized within 7 days of the onset of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) or who consulted as outpatients for influenza-like illness (ILI). A community health care utilization survey was conducted to determine the proportion of hospital catchment area residents who sought care at study hospitals and calculate the incidence of influenza using this denominator. FINDINGS The estimated incidence of SARI associated with influenza in children < 5 years old was 6.7 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0-18.3); 4.4 (95% CI: 0-13.4) and 6.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 0-8.3/1000) during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, respectively. The incidence of SARI in people aged ≥ 5 years was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.4-2.0) and 1.3 (95% CI: 0.5-2.2) per 10,000 person-years during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The incidence of medically attended, laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in outpatients with ILI was 10 (95% CI: 8-14), 6.6 (95% CI: 5-9) and 17 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 13-22) during the 2008, 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION Influenza-like illness is a frequent cause of consultation in the outpatient setting in Bangladesh. Children aged less than 5 years are hospitalized for influenza in greater proportions than children in other age groups.
Expansion of rat oligodendrocyte progenitors into proliferative “oligospheres” that retain differentiation potential

The limited availability of enriched populations of oligodendroglial progenitors has impeded the exploration of the complex spatio‐temporal mechanisms which dictate the chemical “language” of their biology. We have developed a technique to prepare homotypic aggregates of oligodendrocyte progenitors called “oligospheres. ” These were obtained using various approaches (sieving, Percoll gradient separation and differential adhesion) to purify oligodendroglial progenitors from newborn rat brain. Culturing cells in a mixture of N1 defined medium and conditioned medium from the B104 neuronal cell line in the absence of adhesive substrate allowed to expand routinely and extensively for several months, the oligodendrocyte progenitor population. Under these conditions, the resulting population consisted of 98% GD3‐positive/GFAP‐negative cells. After dissociation and plating on polyornithine coated substrates, in the presence of low (2%) or high (20%) serum, oligosphere‐derived oligodendrocyte progenitors were induced to differentiate into GalC‐positive oligodendrocytes or GFAP‐positive astrocytes, respectively. When transplanted into the newborn shiverer mouse brain, oligospheres were able to provide a focal reservoir of migrating and myelinating cells. Oligospheres are thus ideal tools for exploring the biological and molecular events of the oligodendrocyte lineage both in vitro and in vivo. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel low-power 12-bit SAR ADC for RFID tags

A novel design and measuring results of an ultra-low power 12bit Successive-Approximation ADC for autonomous multi-sensor systems are presented. The comparator and the DAC are optimised for the lowest power consumption. The proposed design has a power consumption of 0. 52µW at a bitclock of 50-kHz and of 0. 85µW at 100-kHz with a 1.2-V supply. The Figure-of-Merit reached with such implementation is of 66 fJ/conversion-step. The ADC was realised in the NXP CMOS 0. 14µm technology with an area of 0.35 mm2. Only four metal layers were used in order to allow 3D integration of the sensors.
Summarization of spontaneous conversations

Most speech summarization research is conducted on broadcast news. In our viewpoint, spontaneous conversations are a more “typical” speech source that distinguishes speech summarization from text summarization, and hence a more appropriate domain for studying speech summarization. For example, spontaneous conversations contain more spoken-language characteristics, e.g. disfluencies and false starts. They are also more vulnerable to ASR errors. Previous research has studied some aspects of this type of data, but this paper addresses the problem further in several important respects. First, we summarize spontaneous conversations with features of a wide variety that have not been explored before. Second, we examine the role of disfluencies in summarization, which in all previous work was either not explicitly handled or removed as noise. Third, we breakdown and analyze the impact of WER on the individual features for summarization. Index Terms: speech summarization, utterance selection, spontaneous conversations
Overcoming Gamut and Dynamic Range Limitations in Digital Images

The human eye can accommodate luminance in a single view over a range of about 10,000:1 and is capable of distinguishing about 10,000 colors at a given brightness. By comparison, typical CRT displays have a luminance range less than 100:1 and cover about half of the visible color gamut. Despite this difference, most digital image formats are geared to the capabilities of conventional displays, rather than the characteristics of human vision. In this paper, we propose two compact encodings suitable for the transfer, manipulation, and storage of full range color images. The first format is a replacement for conventional RGB images, and encodes color pixels as log luminance values and CIE (u',v') chromaticity coordinates. We have implemented and distributed this encoding as part of the standard TIFF I/O library on the net. The second format is proposed as an adjunct to conventional RGB data, and encodes out-of-gamut (and out-of-range) pixels in a supplemental image, suitable as a layer extension to the Flashpix standard. This data can then be recombined with the original RGB layer to obtain a high dynamic range image covering the full gamut of perceivable colors. Finally, we demonstrate the power and utility of full gamut imagery with example images and applications.
Mortality After Low-Energy Fractures in Patients Aged at Least 45 Years Old

Background: Fractures sustained in low-energy injuries are recognized as a major public health issue, although, with the exception of proximal femoral fractures, little is known about the subsequent mortality rates. The aim of this study was to compare the survival rates of a population of individuals who sustained 3 types of low-energy fractures with age-matched cohorts from within the same population. Methods: Between January 1988 and December 1999, data were prospectively gathered from all inpatient and outpatient fracture cases at a single trauma unit. During this time, 18,019 patients sustained low-energy fractures of the proximal femur, proximal humerus, or wrist. Survival analysis using the life table method was performed and hazard ratios calculated for risk of mortality when compared to general population controls within the first year postinjury, between the second and fifth years postinjury, and between the sixth and tenth years postinjury. The effects of various social, physical, and mental health parameters on survival were also analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The patients who sustained proximal femoral fractures were older and significantly more physically and mentally impaired than the patients who sustained wrist fractures. The demographic features of the proximal humeral fracture cohort were intermediate between these 2 groups. The mortality was high in all age groups following proximal femoral and proximal humeral fractures, though the relative risk of death, when compared to age-matched population controls, decreased with increasing age at fracture. The risk of death in these groups was greatest in younger individuals and in the first year postinjury. The wrist fracture population had similar or enhanced survival when compared to age-matched population controls. The mortality after fracture was independently predicted by age at fracture, male gender, and use of walking aids, for all 3 fracture groups (P < 0.05), and additionally by level of social dependence in the proximal femoral fracture group (P < 0.05). Level of evidence: level one, prospective cohort study. Conclusions: There is prolonged risk of premature mortality seen in both proximal femoral and proximal humeral fracture groups in the younger age cohorts, possibly as a result of concomitant medical comorbidities contributing to their premature deaths. Elderly patients sustaining proximal femoral fractures, despite high risk of mortality in the first year after injury, have survival approaching those of the general population in the longer term. Elderly patients who sustain wrist fractures have consistently better survival rates than the general population. This group of patients may be physiologically more robust than their age-matched peers in the general population.
Phorbol ester treatment stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of a sea urchin egg cortex protein

Fertilization of the sea urchin egg results in the phosphorylation, on tyrosine, of a high molecular weight protein localized in the egg cortex. In the present study, treatment of unfertilized eggs with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the high molecular weight cortical protein to levels three- to fivefold higher than that occurring in response to fertilization. Experiments using agents that inhibit the egg Na+/H+ exchange system or mimic the fertilization-induced shift in cytoplasmic pHi, suggest a signal transduction pathway in which protein kinase C activates the egg Na+/H+ exchange system and the resultant cytoplasmic pHi shift promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of the high molecular weight cortical protein.
Sex‐differences in prevalence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in Type 2 diabetes: The Casale Monferrato Study

Aims Although left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) defined by either standard 12‐lead ECG or echocardiography strongly predicts cardiovascular mortality, its prevalence in Type 2 diabetes is largely unknown. We have assessed prevalence of ECG‐LVH and its relationship with clinical and metabolic variables in an Italian population‐based cohort of subjects with Type 2 diabetes.