Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ErbB expressing Schwann cells control lateral line progenitor cells via non-cell-autonomous regulation of Wnt/β-catenin

Proper orchestration of quiescence and activation of progenitor cells is crucial during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. We took advantage of the zebrafish sensory lateral line to define niche-progenitor interactions to understand how integration of diverse signaling pathways spatially and temporally regulates the coordination of these processes. Our previous studies demonstrated that Schwann cells play a crucial role in negatively regulating lateral line progenitor proliferation. Here we demonstrate that ErbB/Neuregulin signaling is not only required for Schwann cell migration but that it plays a continued role in postmigratory Schwann cells. ErbB expressing Schwann cells inhibit lateral line progenitor proliferation and differentiation through non-cell-autonomous inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Subsequent activation of Fgf signaling controls sensory organ differentiation, but not progenitor proliferation. In addition to the lateral line, these findings have important implications for understanding how niche-progenitor cells segregate interactions during development, and how they may go wrong in disease states. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.01832. 001
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Time for a Change

With the sedentary life style, eating habits, daily irregular routine with less or no physical exercise has led to the development of various diseases either it be genetic or environmental. A lot of genetic diseases or disorders are reported everyday which is completely governed by the genetic makeup of an individual. The following article describes one such genetic disease known as autism spectrum disorder and also discusses the various ways that would help in making a difference in the thinking of the people bringing awareness about the disorder. The article describes the possible causes, signs and symptoms, statistical data, awareness programmes such as conferences, open access, journals, campaigning etc.
A SVM-Based Text Classification Method with SSK-Means Clustering Algorithm

SVM-based classification needs lots of labeled data to train classifier model, but labeling training dataset is a time-wasting and energy-wasting task. Furthermore, the feature space is sparse commonly because of text’s high dimension. All of the factors above can influence the performance of classification. We propose a SVM-based text classification with SSK-means clustering algorithm where little labeled training data are needed. In this approach, training data, including both labeled and unlabeled data, are first clustered with guidance of the labeled data. The unlabeled data samples are then labeled based on the clusters obtained. SVM classifiers can be trained with the expanded training dataset. When the training dataset has only a little labeled data, this method has better performance than SVM classifiers.
A unique natural human IgG antibody with anti-alpha-galactosyl specificity

A new natural anti-alpha-galactosyl IgG antibody (anti-Gal) was found to be present in high titer in the serum of every normal individual studied. The antibody was isolated by affinity chromatography on a melibiose-Sepharose column. The reactivity of the antibody was assessed by its interaction with alpha-galactosyl residues on rabbit erythrocytes (RabRBC). The specificity was determined by inhibition experiments with various carbohydrates. The anti-Gal interacts with alpha-galactosyl residues, possibly on glycolipids of human RBC (HuRBC), after removal of membrane proteins by treatment with pronase. In addition, the anti-Gal bind specifically to normal and pathologically senescent HuRBC, suggesting a physiological role for this natural antibody in the aging of RBC. The ubiquitous presence of anti-Gal in high titers throughout life implies a constant antigenic stimulation. In addition to the theoretical interest in the antibody, the study of the anti-Gal reactivity seems to bear immunodiagnostic significance. Decrease in the antibody titer was found to reflect humoral immunodeficiency disorders.
Learning and Memory Deficits Consequent to Reduction of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein Result from Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of cAMP Signaling in Drosophila

Loss of the RNA-binding fragile X protein [fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP)] results in a spectrum of cognitive deficits, the fragile X syndrome (FXS), while aging individuals with decreased protein levels present with a subset of these symptoms and tremor. The broad range of behavioral deficits likely reflects the ubiquitous distribution and multiple functions of the protein. FMRP loss is expected to affect multiple neuronal proteins and intracellular signaling pathways, whose identity and interactions are essential in understanding and ameliorating FXS symptoms. We used heterozygous mutants and targeted RNA interference-mediated abrogation in Drosophila to uncover molecular pathways affected by FMRP reduction. We present evidence that FMRP loss results in excess metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity, attributable at least in part to elevation of the protein in affected neurons. Using high-resolution behavioral, genetic, and biochemical analyses, we present evidence that excess mGluR upon FMRP attenuation is linked to the cAMP decrement reported in patients and models, and underlies olfactory associative learning and memory deficits. Furthermore, our data indicate positive transcriptional regulation of the fly fmr1 gene by cAMP, via protein kinase A, likely through the transcription factor CREB. Because the human Fmr1 gene also contains CREB binding sites, the interaction of mGluR excess and cAMP signaling defects we present suggests novel combinatorial pharmaceutical approaches to symptom amelioration upon FMRP attenuation.
Robustness of Community Partition Similarity Metrics

Currently, detecting communities in real-world networks is a problem of considerable interest and many community detection algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, we study a number of community partition similarity measures to measure the the robustness and performances of different community detection algorithms. By carrying out a careful comparative analysis of 3 common used community partition similarity measures, to our surprise, these metrics all have systematical biases. To get more details of the widely used partition similarity measures, we show that the bias partitions of these 3 different widely used partition similarity measures, e. g. , normalized mutual information, Jaccard index and normalized van Dongen metric in some extreme invalid cases. Finally, we propose a new similarity metric to evaluate the accuracy of community partitions. Our metric performs well for testing the accuracy and robustness of community detection algorithms in all cases.
Lip Tracking Towards an Automatic Lip Reading Approach

Current era is to make the interaction between humans and their artificial partners (Computers) and make communication easier and more reliable. One of the actual tasks is the use of vocal interaction. Speech recognition may be improved by visual information of human face. In literature, the lip shape and its movement are referred to as lip reading. Lip reading computing plays a vital role in automatic speech recognition and is an important step towards accurate and robust speech recognition. In this paper we proposed method to detect the lips, shape and movement and use towards automatic lip tracking in detail by using Active Appearance Model (AAM). Purposed method shows the how accurate lip detection and tracking which is useful for speech recognition. Appearance-based methods consider the raw image for lip extraction. AAM uses for detection of speaker’s lips features and feature points from faces automatically by appearance parameters of a speaker’s lips. In this paper, we will describe the Lips shape, movement and appearance descriptions for lip detection and detailed information about the automatic lip tracking system. Individual characteristics and efficiency of both approaches towards the Lip reading is also discuss. The efficiency of purposed method will be evaluated individually by characteristics and their performances are then compared. The recognition process of common visual features (i.e. selection of lip, shape and extraction of movement) for an improved lip reading.
Local Birefringence In Optical Fibers for Low-PMD Performances

The introduction of a spinning step in the drawing process is a primary way to improve optical fiber performances in terms of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD), by modifying fiber intrinsic birefringence. However, spin profiles actually transferred into fibers may differ from nominally imparted ones, leading to departures from the expected efficiency in PMD reduction. Therefore, for best optimization of low-PMD fibers, it is useful to investigate the effect of spinning, in terms of effectiveness of spin function transfer and modification of local intrinsic birefringence. In this review, after a brief theoretical excursion over different types of spin functions and related effects on PMD, we introduce measurement methods featuring high spatial resolution and enabling the reconstruction of local birefringence evolution along spun fibers. In this way, the overall effect of spinning on birefringence and related PMD can be experimentally verified, as will be summarized.
Analytical Study of Transmission Tower Subjected to Wind and Seismic Loads Using Optimization Technique

This paper describes about an analytical comparative study on 1S2 transmission tower under wind and earthquake loads considering optimization technique. The optimization of wind and earthquake load is carried out by plotting graphs between earthquake forces with height, wind forces with height and tower with X and K bracing under wind and seismic load. All the calculation and analysis is carried out using STAAD PRO software and EXCEL spreadsheet .
The effects of music listening on pain and stress in the daily life of patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Music listening is associated with both pain- and stress-reducing effects. However, the effects of music listening in daily life remain understudied, and the psycho-biological mechanisms underlying the health-beneficial effect of music listening remain unknown. We examined the effects of music listening on pain and stress in daily life in a sample of women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS; i.e., a condition characterized by chronic pain) and investigated whether a potentially pain-reducing effect of music listening was mediated by biological stress-responsive systems. Thirty women (mean age: 50.7 ± 9.9 years) with FMS were examined using an ecological momentary assessment design. Participants rated their current pain intensity, perceived control over pain, perceived stress level, and music listening behavior five times per day for 14 consecutive days. At each assessment, participants provided a saliva sample for the later analysis of cortisol and alpha-amylase as biomarkers of stress-responsive systems. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that music listening increased perceived control over pain, especially when the music was positive in valence and when it was listened to for the reason of ‘activation’ or ‘relaxation’. In contrast, no effects on perceived pain intensity were observed. The effects of music listening on perceived control over pain were not mediated by biomarkers of stress-responsive systems. Music listening in daily life improved perceived control over pain in female FMS patients. Clinicians using music therapy should become aware of the potential adjuvant role of music listening in daily life, which has the potential to improve symptom control in chronic pain patients. In order to study the role of underlying biological mechanisms, it might be necessary to use more intensive engagement with music (i.e., collective singing or music-making) rather than mere music listening.
Service catalogue implementation model

As an important part for business operational, IT must provide services which can support business process in an organization. The ideal condition for this is when IT can give the appropriate services for business and maintain it continually. But in real life, many organizations failed to do this because they even don't know what services they have. A service catalogue is great solution for this problem because it can help organization to know more about what IT services that can be used to support business. But it is difficult enough to develop a good service catalogue. Many framework and best practices discuss about this term but all of them only mention the must component in a service catalogue without describe a way to make it. This paper proposed model which describe step by step clearly how to make a good service catalogue that can be adopted by organization. The proposed model is made based on combination from several frameworks so it can fulfill the lack of other frameworks and it is general enough to be adopted in many type of organization. With this model, organizations can make service catalogue easily and ensure alignment between IT and business.
An increase or a decrease in myosin II phosphorylation inhibits macrophage motility

Myosin II purified from mammalian non-muscle cells is phosphorylated on the 20-kD light chain subunit (MLC20) by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). The importance of MLC20 phosphorylation in regulating cell motility was investigated by introducing either antibodies to MLCK (MK-Ab) or a Ca2+/calmodulin-independent, constitutively active form of MLCK (MK-) into macrophages. The effects of these proteins on cell motility were then determined using a quantitative chemotaxis assay. Chemotaxis is significantly diminished in macrophages containing MK-Ab compared to macrophages containing control antibodies. Moreover, there is an inverse relationship between the number of cells that migrate and the amount of MK-Ab introduced into cells. Interestingly, there is also an inverse relationship between the number of cells that migrate and the amount of MK- introduced into cells. Other experiments demonstrated that MK-Ab decreased intracellular MLC20 phosphorylation while MK- increased MLC20 phosphorylation. MK- also increased the amount of myosin associated with the cytoskeleton. These data demonstrate that the regulation of MLCK is an important aspect of cell motility and suggest that MLC20 phosphorylation must be maintained within narrow limits during translational motility by mammalian cells.
Angiotensin II receptor blocker-based vs. non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension: the Heart Institute of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Coronary Artery Disease (HIJ-CREATE).

AIMS To test whether angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) therapy can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events compared with non-ARB-based standard pharmacotherapy in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Angiographically documented CAD patients with hypertension were randomly assigned to receive either candesartan-based (n= 1024) or non-ARB-based pharmacotherapy including angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitors (n = 1025). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a first major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). There were 552 primary events during a median follow-up of 4.2 years: 264 (25.8%) in the candesartan group and 288 (28.1%) in the non-ARB group (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.06). No significant differences existed between groups in terms of cardiovascular death (2.7 vs. 2.4%, 1.14; 0.66-1.95), non-fatal myocardial infarction (2.8 vs. 2.5%, 1.12; 0.66-1.88), or heart failure (3.9 vs. 4.3%, 0.91; 0.59-1.40). New-onset diabetes was diagnosed significantly less frequently with candesartan than with non-ARBs (0.37; 0.16-0.89). Incidence of study drug discontinuation due to adverse events was lower with candesartan than with non-ARBs (5.7 vs. 12.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although candesartan showed no significant differences in MACE compared with the non-ARB treatment group, the drug significantly reduced the incidence of new-onset diabetes and was better tolerated. This study is registered as International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial No. UMIN000000790.
The faint end of the galaxy luminosity function

We present and discuss optical measurements of the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function down to M R = -10 in five different local environments of varying galaxy density and morphological content. The environments we studied, in order of decreasing galaxy density, are the Virgo Cluster, the NGC 1407 Group, the Coma I Group, the Leo Group and the NGC 1023 Group. Our results come from a deep wide-angle survey with the National Astronomical Observatories of Japan Subaru 8-m Telescope on Mauna Kea and are sensitive down to very faint surface-brightness levels. Galaxies were identified as group or cluster members on the basis of their surface brightness and morphology. The faintest galaxies in our sample have R ∼ 22.5. There were thousands of fainter galaxies but we cannot distinguish cluster members from background galaxies at these faint limits so do not attempt to determine a luminosity function fainter than M R = -10. In all cases, there are far fewer dwarfs than the numbers of low-mass haloes anticipated by cold dark matter theory. The mean logarithmic slope of the luminosity function between M R = -18 and M R = -10 is α ≃ -1.2, far shallower than the cold dark matter mass function slope of α ≃ -1.8. We would therefore need to be missing about 90 per cent of the dwarfs at the faint end of our sample in all the environments we study to achieve consistency with CDM theory. It is unlikely that such large numbers of dwarfs are missed because (i) the data are deep enough that we are sensitive to very low surface brightness galaxies, and (ii) the seeing is good enough that we can have some confidence in our ability to distinguish high surface brightness dwarfs from background galaxies brighter than R = 22.5. One caveat is that we miss compact members taken to be background galaxies, but such objects (like M32) are thought to be rare.
Discrete-continuous clustering for obstacle detection using stereo vision

Efficient obstacle detection is a key requirement for safe robot navigation. We consider the operation of autonomous vehicles in structured industrial environments. In such scenarios, an usual way to perform obstacle detection is to generate an estimate of the ground and detect elements that are on the path of the vehicle, using the ground as a spatial reference. For this task, 3D occupancy grids are a well-know solution. In this work we extrapolate the concept of 3D grids by considering a discrete-continuous representation of the environment. The discrete nature lies in a 2D grid parallel to the ground whereas the continuous aspect represents the height of each cell in the grid. This framework allows for very efficient clustering, for which we also propose a novel algorithm to cluster potential obstacles. Experiments on an autonomous ground vehicle illustrate the applicability of the method.
Appearance and map-based global localization using laser reflectivity

Global localization is a fundamental ability to recognize the accurate global position for a mobile robot in a revisited environment. The map-based global localization gives a precise position by calculating an accurate transformation, but the comparison with large 3D data is quite time-consuming. The appearance-based global localization which determines the global position by image retrieval techniques with similar structures is real-time. However, this technique needs external illumination constraint and does not work in the dark extremely. This paper proposes a combination of the map-based global localization and the appearance-based global localization. Instead of camera images used for the appearance-based global localization, we utilize reflectance images which are taken as a byproduct of range sensing by a laser range finder. The proposed method not only detects previously visited scenes but also estimate relative poses precisely. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through experiments in real environments.
Social Media as a Platform for Incessant Political Communication: A Case Study of Modi’s “Clean India” Campaign

The 2014 elections were dubbed the first “social media election” in India, when more than 56 million election-related tweets were posted during the campaign. Despite his landslide victory, Prime Minister Narendra Modi seems to be in incessant political campaign mode on social media, launching the “Clean India” mission in late 2014 among other development-oriented initiatives. This research examines the effectiveness of social media as a platform for continuous dialogue with citizens in modern politics and its implications for the mainstream news media in India. The article uses the theoretical framework of agenda building in the digital age to outline the results of an empirical study that includes a social network analysis to profile Modi’s Twitter followers and the key influencers in the Clean India campaign. The study analyzes year-long Twitter data in relation to the Clean India mission to identify common terms and trends, relationships between supporters of this campaign on Twitter, crossover between social media and the Indian mainstream news media, and the news media’s response to the changed political landscape.
Structure and Protein–Protein Interactions of Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases

Mammalian UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid to various xenobiotics and endobiotics. Since UGTs comprise rate-limiting enzymes for metabolism of various compounds, co-administration of UGT-inhibiting drugs and genetic deficiency of UGT genes can cause an increased blood concentration of these compounds. During the last few decades, extensive efforts have been made to advance the understanding of gene structure, function, substrate specificity, and inhibition/induction properties of UGTs. However, molecular mechanisms and physiological importance of the oligomerization and protein–protein interactions of UGTs are still largely unknown. While three-dimensional structures of human UGTs can be useful to reveal the details of oligomerization and protein–protein interactions of UGTs, little is known about the protein structures of human UGTs due to the difficulty in solving crystal structures of membrane-bound proteins. Meanwhile, soluble forms of plant and bacterial UGTs as well as a partial domain of human UGT2B7 have been crystallized and enabled us to predict three-dimensional structures of human UGTs using a homology-modeling technique. The homology-modeled structures of human UGTs do not only provide the detailed information about substrate binding or substrate specificity in human UGTs, but also contribute with unique knowledge on oligomerization and protein–protein interactions of UGTs. Furthermore, various in vitro approaches indicate that UGT-mediated glucuronidation is involved in cell death, apoptosis, and oxidative stress as well. In the present review article, recent understandings of UGT protein structures as well as physiological importance of the oligomerization and protein–protein interactions of human UGTs are discussed.