Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accounting Systems and Decision-Making in the Mid-Victorian Period: The Case of the Consett Iron Company

This paper utilises previously examined costing material for the Consett Iron Company Ltd in an attempt to throw some light on how business in the mid-Victorian period made key decisions. The nature of the costing information available to management, its limitations for decision-making purposes, and how the costing system was developed in response to the problems facing the company in the late 1860s, are examined. It is concluded that the company adapted its costing system perceptively to cope with real problems, though the changes introduced may not always have been ideal as seen from the perspective of modern management accounting.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and its receptor agonist exendin-4 modulate cholangiocyte adaptive response to cholestasis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiopathies are characterized by progressive dysregulation of the balance between proliferation and death of cholangiocytes. In the course of cholestasis, cholangiocytes undergo a neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and their biology is regulated by neuroendocrine hormones. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by neuroendocrine cells, sustains beta-cell survival in experimental diabetes and induces the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of pancreatic ductal cells. GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) selective agonist exendin-4 is used in humans as a novel therapeutic tool for diabetes. The aim of this study was to define if GLP-1 modulates cholangiocyte biologic response to cholestasis. METHODS Expression of GLP-1R in cholangiocytes was determined. Effects on cholangiocyte proliferation of the in vitro and in vivo exposure to GLP-1 or exendin-4, together with the intracellular signals, were then studied. Synthesis of GLP-1 by cholangiocytes and the effects of GLP-1R blockage on their growth were also determined. RESULTS Cholangiocytes express the GLP-1 receptor, which is up-regulated in the course of cholestasis. GLP-1 and exendin-4 increase cholangiocyte growth both in vitro and in vivo. The GLP-1R signal is mediated by the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase, cAMP/Protein Kinase A, and Ca(2+)-CamKIIalpha but not by the ERK1/2 and PKCalpha pathways. Proliferating cholangiocytes synthesize GLP-1: neutralization of its action by GLP-1R antagonist blunts cholangiocyte response to cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 is required for the cholangiocyte adaptive response to cholestasis. Cholangiocytes are susceptible to the activation of GLP-1R and respond with increased proliferation and functional activity. Exendin-4 availability for employment in humans and these data may open novel perspectives for the medical treatment of cholangiopathies.
A Typology of Public Engagement Mechanisms

Imprecise definition of key terms in the “public participation” domain have hindered the conduct of good research and militated against the development and implementation of effective participation practices. In this article, we define key concepts in the domain: public communication, public consultation, and public participation. These concepts are differentiated according to the nature and flow of information between exercise sponsors and participants. According to such an information flow perspective, an exercise’s effectiveness may be ascertained by the efficiency with which full, relevant information is elicited from all appropriate sources, transferred to (and processed by) all appropriate recipients, and combined(when required) to give an aggregate/consensual response. Key variables that may theoretically affect effectiveness—and on which engagement mechanisms differ—are identified and used to develop a typology of mechanisms. The resultant typology reveals four communication, six consultation, and four participation mechanism classes. Limitations to the typology are discussed, and future research needs identified.
An appraisal of monetary policy and its effect on macro economic stabilization in Nigeria

This study appraised monetary policy development in Nigeria and also examined the effect of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables in Nigeria for the period 1986 to 2009. The study adopted a simplified Ordinary Least Squared technique and also conducted the unit root and co-integration tests. The findings of the study showed that monetary policy have witnessed the implementation of various policy initiatives and has therefore experienced sustained improvement over the years. The result also shows that monetary policy had a significant effect on exchange rate and money supply while monetary policy was observed to have an insignificant influence on price instability. The implication of this finding is that monetary policy has had a significant influence in maintaining price stability within the Nigeria economy. The study concluded that for monetary policy to achieve its other macroeconomic objective such as economy growth; there is the need to reduce the excessive expenditure of the government and align fiscal policy along with monetary policy measure.
Plaque Characteristics of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke

Background: The optimal treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) is controversial. To optimize the risk-benefit ratio of carotid artery revascularization, it is crucial to identify ACS patients who are at increased stroke risk. Recent data suggest that plaque vulnerability depends on its composition. Therefore, we assessed plaque composition in ACS to determine predictors for ipsilateral cerebrovascular events. Methods: 62 patients with 65 ACS ≥50% underwent 3-T MRI of the carotid bifurcation (TOF, special dark-blood weighted noncontrast and contrast-enhanced T1 and T2 images) and of the brain. The different plaque components (lipid core, intraplaque hemorrhage, calcification and the status of the fibrous cap) were assessed. Furthermore, the plaque volume and the volume of clinically silent cortical and subcortical infarcts in the territory of the stenosed carotid artery as seen on FLAIR images were determined by using a semi-automated software. Carotid stenosis was considered asymptomatic if there had not been any clinically apparent ischemic events in the corresponding vascular territory within the previous 6 months. During follow-up, information on the occurrence of cerebrovascular events, medical treatment and sonographic changes of the stenosis was collected. Results: At baseline, 24 ACS (37%) were classified as high grade. A lipid-rich necrotic core was the dominant plaque component in 16 ACS (25%). The plaque volume was higher in ACS with a lipid-rich necrotic core as dominant plaque component (p = 0.002) and in patients with prior stroke/TIA (p = 0.010). After a median follow-up of 18.9 months (interquartile range 3.5–30.1) there were 2 ipsilateral strokes and 3 ipsilateral TIAs. The average annual event rate was 7.7%. A lipid-rich necrotic core (HR 7.21; 95% CI 1.12–46.28; p = 0.037), sonographic progression of the stenosis (HR 7.00; 95% CI 1.13–41.34; p = 0.036), history of stroke (HR 11.03; 95% CI 1.23–99.36; p = 0.032), and the volume of clinically asymptomatic ischemic brain lesions (HR 1.14/cm3; 95% CI 1.03–1.25; p = 0.008) predicted cerebrovascular events. Patients on statin therapy at follow-up were at lower risk of events (HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03–1.00; p = 0.05). Conclusions: In addition to medical history and sonographic findings, a lipid-rich necrotic core within the plaque turned out as a predictor of cerebrovascular events. Therefore, MR imaging of carotid plaques deserves further attention and might be helpful to improve risk stratification of asymptomatic carotid disease. The identified predictors could be combined in a risk model and tested in larger prospective studies.
Growth, External Debt and Sovereign Risk in a Small Open Economy

An optimizing growth model for a highly indebted small open economy is constructed and analyzed. An important innovation in the model is the incorporation of sovereign risk through the specification of an upward-sloping foreign debt supply function. The model is used to examine the interaction between external debt and growth in response to various policies and exogenous disturbances. It is shown that structural policies intended to reduce the fiscal deficit or increase productivity can lead to trade-offs in their effect on capital accumulation and the stock of debt.
Field triage of trauma patients based upon the ability to follow commands: a study in 29,573 injured patients.

UNLABELLED If a trauma system is to deliver "the right patient to the right hospital at the right time," a simple triage tool that can be used in the field to rapidly identify patients with a significant risk of morbidity and mortality is vital. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Glasgow Coma Scale's Motor Response Component (GMR) in identifying such patients. METHODS From patient records in a well established state trauma registry, the predictive power of the Glasgow Motor Score was compared with the predictive power of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Score, and whole Glasgow Coma Scale Score (GCS), using discriminant analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS Complete data were available for analysis for 29,573 patients. Nine percent died. The analyses demonstrated that the GMR was almost as good as the TS and better than the other scores in identifying patients at risk of dying. The highest discriminant accuracy was obtained by predicting that patients with a GMR of 6 would live and that all others (GMR 1-5) were at risk of dying. This means separating patients according to whether or not they follow simple commands. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the GMR to be a good predictor of mortality in injured patients. Patients at risk of dying can best be identified by separating patients into those who cannot follow simple commands (GMR 1-5) from all others. This rapid and simple assessment could be useful as a prehospital tool to identify patients at risk of dying. First responders and nonmedical personnel not skilled in the use of the Trauma Score can easily determine if victims are able to follow commands and potentially identify the patients who are likely to require urgent trauma center care.
A SYSTEMATIC STRATEGY FOR OPTIMIZING MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS

A manufacturing optimization strategy is developed and demonstrated, which combines an asset utilization model and a process optimization framework with multivariate statistical analysis in a systematic manner to focus and drive process improvement activities. Although this manufacturing strategy is broadly applicable, the approach is discussed with respect to a polymer sheet manufacturing operation. The asset utilization (AU) model demonstrates that efficient equipment utilization can be monitored quantitatively and improvement opportunities identified so that the greatest benefit to the operation can be obtained. The process optimization framework, comprised of three parallel activities and a designed experiment, establishes the process‐product relationship. The overall strategy of predictive model development provided from the parallel activities comprising the optimization framework is to synthesize a model based on existing data, both qualitative and quantitative, using canonical discriminant analysis, to identify main effect variables affecting the principal efficiency constraints identified using AU, operator knowledge and order‐of‐magni‐tude calculations are then employed to refine this model using designed experiments, where appropriate, to facilitate the development of a quantitative, proactive optimization strategy for eliminating the constraints. Most importantly, this overall strategy plays a significant role in demonstrating, and facilitating employee acceptance, that the manufacturing operation has evolved from an experienced‐based process to one based on quantifiable science.
Asset Price Inflation And Monetary Policy

The outlook for euro area economic activity and inflation at present warrants the highly accommodative monetary policy implemented by the ECB through our package of policy measures. Nonetheless, the Governing Council remains attentive to the potential side effects of those measures. Monitoring and analysing those side effects is part and parcel of the Governing Council’s ongoing monetary policy assessment and our recently announced strategy review.
Time warping of apneic ECG signals using genetic algorithm

We construct a method of time warping in quasiperiodic time series analysis using genetic algorithm in order to extract the instantaneous phase difference between a template signal and a testing signal. Contrast to previous studies, which involves correlation estimations to determine the shape similarity of two signals taken from the quasiperiodic time series, time warping perform the comparison of the two signals by first constructing a discrete set of M points formed from uniformly sampled values of the template signal f(t). The discrete set of sample values of the testing signal, g(t'), which contains N points, will be interpolated to form a continuous function so that the difference between the template signal at those M points and the corresponding testing signals are minimize to best preserve the mapping of the two signals. The result of this optimization procedure produces a phase shift function that relates the time t' in the testing signal to the time t in the template signal. Due to the numerous choices in the partitioning of the time domain of the two signals, genetic algorithm is found to be effective in extracting this phase shift function. We apply this theoretical tool of time warping using genetic algorithm to analyze the electrocardiographic (ECG) signals, with the aim to investigate if central apneic and obstructive apneic episodes can be differentiated from non-apneic episodes. Detailed statistical analysis of the phase shift from real ECG data of sleep apnea patient indicates that the difference of both magnitude and phase of the signals can be used to differentiate apneic events from non-apneic events.
A global perspective on the epidemiology of acne

Acne is estimated to affect 9·4% of the global population, making it the eighth most prevalent disease worldwide. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that acne is most common in postpubescent teens, with boys most frequently affected, particularly with more severe forms of the disease. This paper aims to provide an update on the epidemiology of acne worldwide. Recent general and institutional studies from around the world have shown that the prevalence of acne is broadly consistent globally (with the exception of specific populations, which are discussed). However, this review highlights that there is a wide range of disparate outcome measures being applied in epidemiology studies, and we emphasize the need to develop a widely accepted, credible, standard assessment scale to address this in the future. In addition we discuss special populations, such as those devoid of acne, as well as the impact of potential determinants of acne on disease epidemiology.
Modeling of cardiovascular variability using a differential delay equation

The influence of time delay in the baroreflex control of the heart activity is analyzed by using a simple mathematical model of the short-term pressure regulation. The mean arterial pressure in a Windkessel model is controlled by a nonlinear feedback driving a nonpulsatile model of the cardiac pump in accordance with the steady-state characteristics of the arterial baroreceptor reflex. A pure time delay is placed in the feedback branch to simulate the latent period of the baroreceptor regulation. Because of system nonlinearity model dynamics is found to be highly sensitive to time delay and changes of this parameter within a physiological range cause the model to exhibit different patterns of behavior. For low values of time delay (shorter than 0.5 s) the model remains in a steady state. When time delay is longer than 0.5 s, a Hopf bifurcation is crossed and spontaneous oscillations occur with frequencies in the high-frequency (HF) band. Further increases of time delay above 1.2 s cause the oscillations to become more complex, and following the typical Feigenbaum cascade, the system becomes chaotic. In this condition heart rate, pressure, and how show evident variability. The heart rate power spectrum exhibits a peak whose frequency moves from the HF to LF band depending on whether simulated time delay is as short as the vagal-mediated control or long as the sympathetic one.
Lipoplasty of the face and neck

Purpose of reviewFacial aesthetic surgery has gained wider acceptance and demand for it is increasing. Patients seeking a more youthful facial look often request lipoplasty. This article reviews the recent advances in lipoplasty and related fat contouring for the face and neck. Recent findingsLipoplasty of the face and neck continues to be popular. There have been improvements in instrumentation, with laser and powered lipoplasty improving the efficiency of fat removal. Lipoplasty indications for neck lipodystrophy have been extended to patients previously only offered neck lifting. Additionally, limited procedures for patients with isolated anterior neck deformities, including direct lipectomy and skin excision, are gaining in popularity. Considerable attention in the lay and professional literature has been paid to mesotherapy for dissolving unwanted fat. Evidence supporting its efficacy is elusive. Finally, there remains enthusiasm for injection fat transfer for facial volume restoration as a component of rejuvenation. SummaryThe treatment of lipodystrophy of the face and neck involves the removal of undesirable fat and the transfer of fat to other areas to produce improved aesthetic results. With the current emphasis on restoring volume, lipoplasty and fat transfer will continue to be important in facial plastic surgery.
Testing the random walk hypothesis: evidence for the Budapest stock exchange

Variance ratio tests with both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic error variances are used to examine the random walk hypothesis for the Budapest stock exchange. Our empirical findings show that the Budapest stock exchange is a random walk market, which is quite different from those described in the literature on both developed, smaller and emerging capital markets.
When Everyone Gets What They Want: A Description of a Physical Education-Teacher Education Service-Learning Project

Abstract In recent years, an increase in collaborative efforts between university teacher education programs and schools has revived the service-learning movement. Yet, many faculty find it difficult to simultaneously address the tripartite responsibilities of research, service, and teaching without one or more components suffering. This article describes a partnership between university students enrolled in a physical education teaching methods course and alternative high school students that incorporates research, service, and teaching. The AIM-UTPB project offers program assistance by providing physical education instruction to students enrolled in a school with no physical education faculty or facility. As a result of this service, undergraduate students gain experience teaching at-risk students, graduate students assist in data coding and interpretation toward manuscript preparation, and AIM students earn credit toward graduation while setting foot in a higher education environment. The article integ.
Mitophagy Failure in Fibroblasts and iPSC-Derived Neurons of Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Presenilin 1 Mutation

Familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) is clearly related with the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and its deleterious effect on mitochondrial function is well established. Anomalies in autophagy have also been described in these patients. In the present work, functional analyses have been performed to study mitochondrial recycling process in patient-derived fibroblasts and neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells harboring the presenilin 1 mutation A246E. Mitophagy impairment was observed due to a diminished autophagy degradation phase associated with lysosomal anomalies, thus causing the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria labeled by Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2). The failure of mitochondrial recycling by autophagy was enhanced in the patient-derived neuronal model. Our previous studies have demonstrated similar mitophagy impairment in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD); therefore, our data indicate that mitophagy deficiency should be considered a common nexus between familial and sporadic cases of the disease.
Why do they vote for Le Pen

Abstract. The results of a survey conducted after the second round of the 1988 presidential election stress the inadequacy of the classical models of voting behaviour, as far as the Le Pen vote is concerned. The majority of lepenist electors identify themselves neither with the National Front, nor with the extreme-Right; they show no electoral stability, no strong sociological specificity. Less educated than the average, they do not correspond to the profile of the rational voter. With the exception of a small hardcore of regular voters, politicized, extremist and dedicated to the National Front, Le Pen supporters are protest voters that come and go.
An examination of the impact of macroeconomic news on the spot and futures treasuries markets

In this study we analyze the reaction of daily cash and futures prices for several Treasury securities to the release of U.S. macroeconomic news. Some important results are reported. First, consistent with the notion of market integration, the futures market is found to be cointegrated with the corresponding cash market. Second, of the 23 types of periodic macroeconomic announcements, 19 of them have a significant influence on either the cash or futures prices. Most notably, surprises in nonfarm payroll and Treasury budget significantly influence the cash and futures market across the entire maturity spectrum. Third, consistent with the Fisher and real activity hypotheses, macroeconomic news that conveys higher inflation and/or economic growth has a negative influence on cash and futures prices. Finally, hedging with Treasury futures appears to offer investors protection from inflation‐related fluctuations in interest rates, but not against fluctuations arising due to variations in real output. Some important policy implications of the results are offered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:453–478, 2004
Opinion mining: Book-ranking application

A lot of products are sold on electronic commerce websites. There are many customer reviews available on the Internet. Users read them to select a product to purchase. However, going through the reviews is time-consuming because the number of reviews is large for each product. It is important to reflect reviews in a ranking to make a decision easily. The aim of this research is ranking products based on opinions of customers by proposing a new ranking method. We focused on the customer reviews on books. In this research, we collected all reviews on each book and classified them as positive or negative. After that, we calculated the rates of positive sentences and negative ones and made a ranking of books based on them. As a result from the experiment, we got a book ranking list. This ranking strongly depends on the number of customer reviews and their contents. This approach was illustrated reviews on books on Ruby on rails. In the future, we are planning to apply a machine learning algorithm to classify reviews more accurately.