Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intratumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose: Morphologic intratumor heterogeneity is well known to exist in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but very few systematic analyses of this phenomenon have been performed. The aim of this study was to comprehensively characterize morphologic intratumor heterogeneity in HCC. Also, taken into account were well-known immunohistochemical markers and molecular changes in liver cells that are considered in proposed classifications of liver cell neoplasms or discussed as molecular therapeutic targets. Experimental Design: In HCC of 23 patients without medical pretreatment, a total of 120 tumor areas were defined. Analyzed were cell and tissue morphology, expression of the liver cell markers cytokeratin (CK)7, CD44, α-fetoprotein (AFP), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and glutamine synthetase (GS) along with mutations of TP53 and CTNNB1, assayed by both Sanger and next-generation sequencing. Results: Overall, intratumor heterogeneity was detectable in the majority of HCC cases (20 of 23, 87%). Heterogeneity solely on the level of morphology was found in 6 of 23 cases (26%), morphologic heterogeneity combined with immunohistochemical heterogeneity in 9 of 23 cases (39%), and heterogeneity with respect to morphologic, immunohistochemical, and mutational status of TP53 and CTNNB1 in 5 of 23 cases (22%). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that intratumor heterogeneity represents a challenge for the establishment of a robust HCC classification and may contribute to treatment failure and drug resistance in many cases of HCC. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1951–61. ©2014 AACR. See related commentary by Nault and Villanueva, p. 1786
Agonist-Stimulated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation and Vascular Relaxation: Role of eNOS Phosphorylation at Tyr83

Tyr83 in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been identified previously as a site of Src kinase–mediated phosphorylation of eNOS in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) that is phosphorylated in response to oxidant stress. In the present study, we have used a phospho-specific antibody to show that Tyr83 in eNOS is also phosphorylated in both BAECs and intact blood vessel segments in response to treatment with a variety of different eNOS-activating agonists, including thapsigargin, vascular endothelial growth factor, bradykinin, ATP, sphingosine-1-phosphate, estrogen, angiopoietin, and acetylcholine. Agonist stimulation of eNOS Tyr83 phosphorylation as well as agonist stimulation of endothelial NO release in BAECs is blocked by Src kinase inhibition by either 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine (PP2) or by dominant negative Src. Mutation of Tyr83 to a nonphosphorylatable Phe blocks agonist stimulation of NO release from eNOS-reconstituted eNOS knockdown endothelial cells. Mutation of Tyr83 also attenuates agonist-induced relaxation of eNOS-reconstituted aortic rings from eNOS knockout mice. Phosphorylation of eNOS at Tyr83 thus appears to be a common covalent modification that is induced, not only by oxidant stress but also by other physiologically relevant extracellular signals known to be important in regulation of eNOS activity in vivo. Moreover, our results demonstrate an important role for Src-mediated phosphorylation of eNOS at Tyr83 in agonist stimulation of eNOS activation and vascular relaxation.
Vitamin or mineral supplement intake and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium

To investigate the potential role of vitamin or mineral supplementation on the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), we analyzed individual‐level pooled data from 12 case–control studies (7,002 HNC cases and 8,383 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. There were a total of 2,028 oral cavity cancer, 2,465 pharyngeal cancer, 874 unspecified oral/pharynx cancer, 1,329 laryngeal cancer and 306 overlapping HNC cases. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self reported ever use of any vitamins, multivitamins, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and calcium, beta‐carotene, iron, selenium and zinc supplements were assessed. We further examined frequency, duration and cumulative exposure of each vitamin or mineral when possible and stratified by smoking and drinking status. All ORs were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, study center, education level, pack‐years of smoking, frequency of alcohol drinking and fruit/vegetable intake. A decreased risk of HNC was observed with ever use of vitamin C (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59–0.96) and with ever use of calcium supplement (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42–0.97). The inverse association with HNC risk was also observed for 10 or more years of vitamin C use (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.97) and more than 365 tablets of cumulative calcium intake (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16–0.83), but linear trends were not observed for the frequency or duration of any supplement intake. We did not observe any strong associations between vitamin or mineral supplement intake and the risk of HNC.
Extracting Object Contours with the Sweep of a Robotic Whisker Using Torque Information

Several recent studies have investigated the problem of object feature extraction with artificial whiskers. Many of these studies have used an approach in which the whisker is rotated against the object through a small angle. Each small-angle “tap” of the whisker provides information about the radial distance between the base of the whisker and the object. By tapping at various points on the object, a full representation of the surface can be gradually constructed in three-dimensional space. It is clear, however, that this tapping method does not exploit useful information about object contours that could be extracted by “sweeping” the whisker against the object. Rotating the whisker against the object through a large angle permits the collection of a sequence of contact points as the whisker slips along the surface. The present paper derives an algorithm based on a numerical cantilever beam model of the whisker to measure object profile shape over a single large-angle whisker rotation using only information about torque and angle at the whisker base. The algorithm is validated experimentally using three different object shapes. As the method does not require measurement of force, it is well suited for implementation on an array of robotic whiskers to accomplish quick and precise object feature extraction.
Recovery of injured cingulum in a patient with brain injury: diffusion tensor tractography study.

OBJECTIVES Little is known about neural recovery of an injured cingulum following brain injury. We report on a patient with brain injury who showed apparent neural recovery of an injured cingulum on follow up diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). METHODS A 53-year-old female patient had suffered hypoxic ischemic brain injury for a period of approximately nine hours following spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage, and underwent coiling of a left ruptured aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery. She showed severe cognitive impairment, so that she could not be evaluated on the Mini-Mental State Examination, however, her cognition showed improvement to 21 at five months after onset and 24 at 14 months after onset on the Mini-Mental State Examination. RESULTS On seven-day DTT for the fornix in the patient, we observed a discontinuation in the left crus and thinning of the right crus. However, on 14-month DTT, the thinned right fornical crus had disappeared. Regarding the cingulum, on seven-day DTTs, discontinuations of both cingulums anterior to the genu of the corpus callosum were observed. However, on 14-month follow up DTT, the right cingulum was elongated to the right basal forebrain and no change in the discontinuation of the left cingulum was observed. CONCLUSIONS These changes observed on DTT in both cingulums appeared to indicate recovery of the injured cingulum in this patient. The results of this study may suggest a mechanism for recovery of injured cingulum following brain injury.
Challenges and Implications of Routine Depression Screening for Depression in Chronic Disease and Multimorbidity: A Cross Sectional Study

Background Depression screening in chronic disease is advocated but its impact on routine practice is uncertain. We examine the effects of a programme of incentivised depression screening in chronic disease within a UK primary care setting. Methods and Findings Cross sectional analysis of anonymised, routinely collected data (2008-9) from family practices in Scotland serving a population of circa 1.8 million. Primary care registered patients with at least one of three chronic diseases, coronary heart disease, diabetes and stroke, underwent incentivised depression screening using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS). 125143 patients were identified with at least one chronic disease. 10670 (8.5%) were under treatment for depression and exempt from screening. Of remaining, HADS were recorded for 35537 (31.1%) patients. 7080 (19.9% of screened) had raised HADS (≥8); majority had indications of mild depression with HADS between 8 and 10. Over 6 months, 572 (8%) of those with raised HADS (≥8) were initiated on antidepressants, while 696 (2.4%) patients with normal HADS (<8) were also initiated on antidepressants (relative risk of antidepressant initiation with raised HADS 3.3 (CI 2.97-3.67), p value <0.0001). Of those with multimorbidity who were screened, 24.3% had raised HADS (≥8). A raised HADS was more likely in females, socioeconomically deprived, multimorbid or younger (18-44) individuals. Females and 45-64 years old were more likely to receive antidepressants. Limitations retrospective study of routinely collected data. Conclusions Despite incentivisation, only a minority of patients underwent depression screening, suggesting that systematic depression screening in chronic disease can be difficult to achieve in routine practice. Targeting those at greatest risk such as the multimorbid or using simpler screening methods may be more effective. Raised HADS was associated with higher number of new antidepressant prescriptions which has significant resource implications. The clinical benefits of such screening remain uncertain and merits investigation.
Bond graph modeling, DAE formulation and numeric simulation of a three phase rectifier

This paper describes how to apply a group of alternative methodologies to the modeling and simulation of a three phase rectifier. The system is a full bridge rectifier with RC load, that consist of diodes that are modeled with the accurate and close-to-real constituve relation of Shockley. This constitutive relation bring an unvariable topology and a non linear nature to the whole system. The emerging non linearities are handled with the described methodologies, and a procedure to formulate differential-algebraic equations (DAE) is reviewed. The obtained DAE is numerically solved and simulation results are presented. In order to prove the significance of the modeling and simulation approach, non standard conditions, such as unbalanced sources are included.
A Deterministic Cost-effective String Matching Algorithm for Network Intrusion Detection System

Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are more and more important in today's network security for identifying and preventing malicious attacks over the network. This paper proposes a novel and effective string matching algorithm (named ACMS) with advantages of both compact memory and high performance. By employing the characteristics of magic states observed from the deterministic finite state automata, the proposed ACMS significantly reduces the memory requirement without sacrificing high speed no matter it is implemented in software or hardware. The ACMS algorithm also provides high flexibility that it can be tuned to fit specific performance requirement and resource constraints. The experimental results show that the performance of ACMS is over 3.5 times in hardware implementation and 21 times in software implementation better than that of the state-of-the-art studies.
Risk Factors for 30-Day Hospital Readmission in Patients ≥65 Years of Age

The objective of the study was to develop and validate predictors of 30-day hospital readmission using readily available administrative data and to compare prediction models that use alternate comorbidity classifications. A retrospective cohort study was designed; the models were developed in a two-thirds random sample and validated in the remaining one-third sample. The study cohort consisted of 29,292 adults aged 65 or older who were admitted from July 2002 to June 2004 to any of seven acute care hospitals in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area affiliated with the Baylor Health Care System. Demographic variables (age, sex, race), health system variables (insurance, discharge location, medical vs surgical service), comorbidity (classified by the Elixhauser classification or the High-Risk Diagnoses in the Elderly Scale), and geographic variables (distance from patient's residence to hospital and median income) were assessed by estimating relative risk and risk difference for 30-day readmission. Population-attributable risk was calculated. Results showed that age 75 or older, male sex, African American race, medical vs surgical service, Medicare with no other insurance, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and specific comorbidities predicted 30-day readmission. Models with demographic, health system, and either comorbidity classification covariates performed similarly, with modest discrimination (C statistic, 0.65) and acceptable calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow ϰ2 = 6.08; P > 0.24). Models with demographic variables, health system variables, and number of comorbid conditions also performed adequately. Discharge to long-term care (relative risk, 1.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.80–2.09) had the highest population-attributable risk of 30-day readmission (12.86%). A 25% threshold of predicted probability of 30-day readmission identified 4.1% of patients ≥65 years old as priority patients for improved discharge planning. We conclude that elders with a high risk of 30-day hospital readmission can be identified early in their hospital course.
Macro Practice in Social Work for the 21st Century: Bridging the Macro-Micro Divide

Acknowledgments Introduction to the Second Edition: Focus, Outline, Learning Objectives, Competencies Section One: Pre-Engagement Chapter 1. Starting Before the Beginning: Historical Origins, Strategic Assumptions & Professional Development: The Creation of A Textbook Chapter 2. Developing Pre-Engagement Skills through An Understanding of Context: "History Moves" Section Two: Engagement Chapter 3. Using Engagement Skills to Improve Community Assessments: Joining 'Micro' to 'Macro' through Tactical Self-Awareness Chapter 4. The Unconscious in Organizing: The Struggle to Build Authentic Relationships in Community Interventions Chapter 5. The Social Construction of Practice: Where 'Macro' and 'Micro' Meet on the Road Towards Personal and Community Transformation Section Three: Relationship-Building Chapter 6. "Embody the Change You Seek:" Leadership Development through Relationship-Building Chapter 7. Why Can't We All Just Get Along? : Building Effective Coalitions While Resolving The Not-So-Hidden Realities of Race, Gender, Class, Sexuality and Age In Everyday Practice Section Four: Interventions Chapter 8. From Checkers to Chess: The Strategic Development of A Community Practitioner Chapter 9. Think Local, Act Global: A Case Example of 21st Century Macro Practice through the Power of Social Networking Chapter 10: Expanding the Practitioner Toolkit: Social Workers Inside the Political Arena Chapter 11: The Re-emergence of Environmental Activism Within Social Work by Kristin Lebeaveau & Meredith Ledlie Section Five: Evaluation Chapter 12. Crossing the Great Divide: A Grass Roots Organizer Evaluates How to be a Socially Committed Supervisor.and Beyond Chapter 13. So Much Information, So Little Time: Human Service Executives' Strategic, Evidence-Based Search for Social Justice Conclusion Chapter 14. Summing Up, Moving Forward: Key lessons and New Directions for 21st Century Practice Towards Personal & Social Transformation Index About the Author
Comparison of POA and TOA based ranging behavior for RFID application

RFID can play great roles in future context-aware applications such as ambient intelligence and internet of things. Ranging technology will be one of interesting topics for RFID application. In the paper we compare the phase of arrival (POA) and time of arrival (TOA) based ranging behavior for RFID application. We characterize the ranging behaviors from the view of Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB), ray tracing and empirical measurements. First, we analyze and compare the CRLB for POA and TOA based ranging in AWGN environment theoretically. Second, we use ray tracing method to model the distance and bandwidth influence on POA and TOA based RFID ranging in multipath environment. Third, we perform measurement to validate the noise and multipath influence on POA and TOA based RFID ranging. The parameters in ray tracing and measurements are also provided to further support the behavior comparison between TOA and POA ranging. The results show that in short range application such as RFID, POA based ranging has a comparatively better performance than TOA. It will benefit the future selection of POA or TOA technique, narrowband or wideband ranging method regarding specific scenarios for RFID application.
Average Real Per Capita GDP in 1960 and 1989

The idea that capital investment is essential to the long-run rate of growth of a nation is a common, if somewhat vague, axiom of most policy discussions of economic growth and development. Yet for the better part of a generation the preeminent theory of economic growth developed by the Nobel Prize winning economist Robert Solow and the data summarized by the important contributions of Edward Denison, John Kendrick, Solow, and others provided us with virtually no basis for making such claims. Perhaps even more striking was the fact that the theory seemed unable to explain the extreme and persistent differences in living standards or growth rates across countries. Finally, the theory and evidence offered little scope for policymakers to influence the long-run rate of growth of an economy. For these reasons, many economists interested in positive economic theories came to view growth theory as a rather sterile, and uninteresting branch of economics through most of the 1960s and 1970s. Understanding business cycles and monetary economics became much more popular pursuits among academic economists. '
A Novel Image Cryptosystem with Multiple Chaotic Maps

A novel secure image cryptosystem based on multiple chaotic maps is presented. In the algorithm, some keys generated by plaintext, together with the given keys control the parameters of the multiple chaotic systems to generate chaotic sequences, which are used to scramble positions and substitute grey values of pixels of image. Simulation results and analysis show that the proposed cryptosystem has good encryption performance, and it can resist brute-force attack, differential attack, statistical attack, chosen-plaintext attack.
The Role of Functional Neuroanatomy of the Lumbar Spinal Cord in Effect of Epidural Stimulation

In this study, the neuroanatomy of the swine lumbar spinal cord, particularly the spatial orientation of dorsal roots was correlated to the anatomical landmarks of the lumbar spine and to the magnitude of motor evoked potentials during epidural electrical stimulation (EES). We found that the proximity of the stimulating electrode to the dorsal roots entry zone across spinal segments was a critical factor to evoke higher peak-to-peak motor responses. Positioning the electrode close to the dorsal roots produced a significantly higher impact on motor evoked responses than rostro-caudal shift of electrode from segment to segment. Based on anatomical measurements of the lumbar spine and spinal cord, significant differences were found between L1-L4 to L5-L6 segments in terms of spinal cord gross anatomy, dorsal roots and spine landmarks. Linear regression analysis between intersegmental landmarks was performed and L2 intervertebral spinous process length was selected as the anatomical reference in order to correlate vertebral landmarks and the spinal cord structures. These findings present for the first time, the influence of spinal cord anatomy on the effects of epidural stimulation and the role of specific orientation of electrodes on the dorsal surface of the dura mater in relation to the dorsal roots. These results are critical to consider as spinal cord neuromodulation strategies continue to evolve and novel spinal interfaces translate into clinical practice.
An ecological risk/protective factor approach to understanding depressive symptoms in adolescents

We applied an ecological multiple risk/protective factor model to study factors related to depressive symptoms among adolescents. Participants were 39,740 adolescents who self-reported risk factors, protective factors, and depressive symptoms on a school-based survey. Results indicate that an index of multiple risk was related to increased depressive symptoms. Two hypothesized protective factors moderated the effects of the risk index; four other hypothesized protective factors were directly related to lower levels of depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest that prevention strategies for externalizing behaviors currently used in Extension programs might be able to be extended to address depressive symptoms. Keywords: depressive symptoms, prevention, risk factors, protective factors Language: en
A Review: Polymeric In-situ Gel System

Smart polymeric systems represent promising means of delivering the drugs; these polymers undergo sol-gel transition, once administered. In-situ gel structure occurs due to one or combination of different stimuli like pH change, temperature modulation and ionic exchange. The formation of gels depends on factors like temperature modulation, pH change, presence of ions and ultra violet irradiation, from which the drug gets released in a sustained and controlled manner. Mainly In-situ gels are administered by oral, ocular, rectal, vaginal, injectable and intraperitoneal routes. The In-situ gel forming polymeric formulations offer several advantages like sustained and prolonged action in comparison to conventional drug delivery systems. The article presents a detailed review of these types of polymeric systems, their evaluation, advancements and their commercial formulations. From a manufacturing point of view, the production of such devices is less complex and thus lowers the investment and manufacturing cost.
Economic Independence For Mothers of Young Children: Impossible Dream or Agenda For Change?

This research examines ideas for change in Australia's social arrangements for care of young children. It focuses on mothers who, in spite of the impact of second-wave feminism, continue to provide most of the care of young children. The central thesis of this work is that Australia's arrangements amount to exploitation of the labour of mothers of young children by the rest of the community, and that it would be reasonable for the rest of the community to contribute much more in the way of economic resources to this work. This research brings together ideas from alternative economics about the economic value of unpaid work, sociological research into time use, and feminist critiques of the ideology of motherhood and the institution of the family. The research examines the issues through the lens of contemporary critical social theory, including relevant feminist theory. This framework emphasizes the concepts of oppression and exploitation, and draws heavily on the feminist critique of the public/private divide.