Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Unc104/KIF1A Kinesin into a Processive Motor After Dimerization

Unc104/KIF1A belongs to a class of monomeric kinesin motors that have been thought to possess an unusual motility mechanism. Unlike the unidirectional motion driven by the coordinated actions of the two heads in conventional kinesins, single-headed KIF1A was reported to undergo biased diffusional motion along microtubules. Here, we show that Unc104/KIF1A can dimerize and move unidirectionally and processively with rapid velocities characteristic of transport in living cells. These results suggest that Unc104/KIF1A operates in vivo by a mechanism similar to conventional kinesin and that regulation of motor dimerization may be used to control transport by this class of kinesins.
A weight evolution algorithm with deterministic perturbation

Introduces a learning algorithm for multi-layered feedforward network-weight evolution algorithm with deterministic perturbation. During the learning phase of the gradient algorithm (such as backpropagation), the network weights are adjusted intentionally in order to have an improvement in system performance. The intention is to reduce the overall system error after every weight update. By looking at the error component, it is possible to adjust some of the network weights dramatically so as to have an overall reduction in system error. Using the deterministic perturbation, it is found that the weight evolution between the hidden and output layer can accelerate the convergence speed, whereas the weight evolution between the input layer and the hidden layer can assist in solving the local minima problem.
New Fusion Transcripts Identified in Normal Karyotype Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Genetic aberrations contribute to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, half of AML cases do not contain the well-known aberrations detectable mostly by cytogenetic analysis, and these cases are classified as normal karyotype AML. Different outcomes of normal karyotype AML suggest that this subgroup of AML could be genetically heterogeneous. But lack of genetic markers makes it difficult to further study this subgroup of AML. Using paired-end RNAseq method, we performed a transcriptome analysis in 45 AML cases including 29 normal karyotype AML, 8 abnormal karyotype AML and 8 AML without karyotype informaiton. Our study identified 134 fusion transcripts, all of which were formed between the partner genes adjacent in the same chromosome and distributed at different frequencies in the AML cases. Seven fusions are exclusively present in normal karyotype AML, and the rest fusions are shared between the normal karyotype AML and abnormal karyotype AML. CIITA, a master regulator of MHC class II gene expression and truncated in B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin disease, is found to fuse with DEXI in 48% of normal karyotype AML cases. The fusion transcripts formed between adjacent genes highlight the possibility that certain such fusions could be involved in oncological process in AML, and provide a new source to identify genetic markers for normal karyotype AML.
The opposite evolution of spectral index of microwave and HXR emission in solar flare

This paper presents an unusual phenomenon for the evolution of spectral index of non-thermal electrons related to HXR and microwave emission in a M1.5 class flare. It is found that the light curves of both microwave and HXR bursts has similar two rise-peak-decay phases. The spectral index deduced from HXR emission evolves as S-H-S pattern in each phase, while the spectral index relative to microwave emission presents S-H-H pattern in the first rise-peak-decay phase and H-S-H pattern in second one. Weak diffusion is proposed to explain the different evolution in the first rise-peak-decay phase. For the second period, microwave spectrum is softened, which imply one new process for pitch angle scattering occur. Strong diffusion of trapped electrons could be the available cause, which result in the decreasing number of trapped electrons. In additional, the change of magnetic structure of flare loop may shift the location of magnetic mirrors and the upward shifting of magnetic mirrors could reduce the number of microwave emission at 17 GHz and soften the microwave spectrum.
Assessing response to stroke thrombolysis: validation of 24-hour multimodal magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND Imaging is used as a surrogate for clinical outcome in early-phase stroke trials. Assessment of infarct growth earlier than the standard 90 days used for clinical end points may be equally accurate and more practical. OBJECTIVE To compare assessment of the effect of reperfusion therapies using 24-hour vs day 90 magnetic resonance imaging. DESIGN Infarct volume was assessed on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at baseline and 24 hours after stroke onset and on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images at day 90. The DWI and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions were manually outlined by 2 independent raters, and the volumes were averaged. Interrater consistency was assessed using the median difference in lesion volume between raters. SETTING Referral center. Patients Imaging data were available for 83 patients; 77 of these patients received thrombolysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Infarct volume at 24 hours and 90 days. RESULTS The 24-hour DWI infarct volume had a strong linear correlation with day 90 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery infarct volume (r = 0.98, 95% confidence interval, 0.97-0.99). Recanalization had a significant effect on infarct evolution between baseline and 24 hours but not between 24 hours and day 90. Infarct growth from baseline was significantly reduced by recanalization, whether assessed at 24 hours or day 90. Infarct volume at either time point predicted functional outcome independent of age and baseline stroke severity. Interrater agreement was better for DWI than fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (1.4 mL [8%] vs 1.8 mL [17%]; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Assessment of final infarct volume using DWI at 24 hours captures the effect of reperfusion therapies on infarct growth and predicts functional outcome similarly to imaging at day 90. This has the potential to reduce loss to follow-up in trials and may add early prognostic information in clinical practice.
Saccades are phase-locked to alpha oscillations in the occipital and medial temporal lobe during successful memory encoding

Efficient sampling of visual information requires a coordination of eye movements and ongoing brain oscillations. Using intracranial and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings, we show that saccades are locked to the phase of visual alpha oscillations and that this coordination is related to successful mnemonic encoding of visual scenes. Furthermore, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex involvement in this coordination reflects effective vision-to-memory mapping, highlighting the importance of neural oscillations for the interaction between visual and memory domains.
ExpREsS: EneRgy Efficient Scheduling of Mixed Stream and Batch Processing Workloads

Nowadays we see the wide adoption of novel distributed processing frameworks such as Apache Spark for handling batch and stream processing big data applications. An important aspect that has not been examined in these systems is their energy consumption during the application execution. Reducing the power consumption of modern datacenters is a necessity as datacenters contribute over 2% of the total US electric usage. One way of addressing this energy issue is by scheduling the applications in an energy-efficient way. However, efficiently scheduling applications can be challenging as we need to consider the trade-off between the datacenter's energy usage and per application performance requirements. In this work we propose, ExpREsS, a scheduler for orchestrating the execution of Spark applications so that it both minimizes the energy consumption and satisfies the applications' performance requirements. Our approach exploits time-series prediction models for capturing the applications' energy usage and execution times, and then applies a novel DVFS technique to minimize the energy consumption. Our detailed experimental evaluation using realistic workloads on our local cluster illustrates the working and benefits of our approach.
Local moments coupled to a strongly correlated electron chain.

A 1D model hamiltonian that is motivated by the recent discovery of the heavy-fermion behavior in the cuprates of the $Nd_2CuO_4$ type is studied. It consists of $t-J$ interacting conduction electrons coupled to a lattice of localized spins through a Kondo exchange term $J_K$. Exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group methods are used. The latter method is generalized to arbitrary densities. At half-filling, a spin gap opens for all $J_K>0$. Away from half-filling$,$ it is shown that, at strong $J_K$% , the ground state is an unsaturated ferromagnet . At weak $J_K$ the system is in a paramagnetic phase with enhanced RKKY correlations. The importance of self-screening of the local moments in the depletion regime is discussed. We argue that these findings transcend the specifics of the model.
Comments on Effective Superpotentials via Matrix Models (超弦理論の展望)

Dijkgraaf and Vafa have conjectured that the effective superpotentials for = 1 four-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories can be given by the planar diagrams of matrix models. We examine some special models with cubic and quartic tree level superpotentials for adjoint chiral superfield Φ. We consider the effective superpotentials for the classical vacuum Φ = 0 for U(N) and SO(N)/Sp(N) gauge theories. We evaluate the effective superpotentials exactly in terms of the matrix model and in terms of closed string theory on Calabi-Yau geometry with fluxes. As a result we find their perfect agreements.
P-glycoprotein Has Differential Effects on the Disposition of Statin Acid and Lactone Forms in mdr1a/b Knockout and Wild-Type Mice

In the present study we examined the disposition of atorvastatin, lovastatin, and simvastatin in acid and lactone forms and pravastatin in acid form in multidrug-resistant gene (mdr1a/b) knockout (KO), and wild-type (WT) mice. Each statin was administered s.c. to mdr1a/b KO and WT mice at 3.0 mg/kg (n ≥ 3 mice/time point). Blood, brain, and liver samples were harvested at 0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3 h postdose. Plasma and tissue concentrations of the acid and lactone (only the acid form was determined for pravastatin) were determined using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Both lactone and acid were observed in plasma when lactones were administered, but only acids were detected when the acid forms were administered. The plasma and liver concentrations of acid or lactone were similar between the KO and WT mice. Two- to 23-fold higher concentrations were observed in liver than in plasma, suggesting potential uptake transporters involved. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) brain penetration in the KO compared with the WT mice was observed for lovastatin acid (but the brain/plasma ratio was low for both KO and WT mice) and lactone and simvastatin lactone but not for atorvastatin or pravastatin. The present results suggest that mouse P-glycoprotein does not affect the lactone-acid interconversion or liver-plasma distribution. Furthermore, P-glycoprotein plays a limited role in restricting the brain penetration of the acid forms of atorvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin lactone but may limit the brain availability of the lactone forms of simvastatin and lovastatin.
The evolution of cultural practices: Are changes to education in Myanmar leading to a shift in the way in which child–adult relationships are constructed?

In Myanmar, a country generally recognised to be economically and politically less developed than its neighbours in the South East Asia Region, children have to be obedient. Traditional teaching styles, characterised by rote learning and teacher ascendancy, have dominated the education sector for decades. This is reflective of traditional societal norms that accept, almost unquestionably, the need for younger people to follow the direction of their elders or those in society considered to be in a position of rank or authority. For students in class, asking questions to the teacher, expressing an opinion or giving feedback and taking part in discussions are somehow taboo. Starting from around 10 years ago, with the introduction of what has become known by its acronym, the child-centred approach, shifting teacher hegemony became a priority of the government and alternative education providers. The child-centred approach, as it is interpreted in Myanmar, seeks to encourage teachers to step out of their role of ‘class director’ and engage children in constructing and managing their own learning experience. There have been numerous constraints to introducing this new methodology including the examination system, a rigid adherence to the set curriculum and textbooks and teacher pupil ratio. Moreover, according to current reviews and evaluation of the child-centred approach, teacher understanding of the concept is not always well developed and change not always supported by peers, school leadership or the community. However, the process has begun and an increasing number of schools are being encouraged to use this approach in line with current education sector reform. This critical change of teaching approach in Myanmar schools has the potential to have a significant impact on the dynamics of traditional social mores and structures, particularly as it is further reinforced by the rapidly developing economy and increasing exposure to outside influences. Tension is developing between the more conservative adult world and children and young people who appear increasingly eager to question traditional thinking. This article explores the potential and nascent impact and consequences on communities and Myanmar society resulting from the child-centred approach and the changing expectations young people have on the education system in the context of broader societal change.
Wideband Sierpinski Carpet Fractal Shaped Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for X-Band Application

In this paper, a wideband Sierpinski carpet patterned cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) operating in the X-Band is proposed. This DRA is realized from low cost Teflon. An impedance bandwidth of 50% is obtained cove- ring the entire X-band with similar radiation pattern throughout the band. The average peak gain within the band is about 5.5 dBi.
Psychosocial well-being among older adults with cancer

PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH CANCER By Kristen R. Admiraal Older adults are disproportionately affected by cancer as the majority of new cases and deaths due to cancer are experienced by those older than 65. As the older adult population continues to grow in the United States, it is important to consider the effects of cancer diagnosis and treatment on psychosocial well-being among those in this population, particularly considering which sub-groups may be at greatest risk for deleterious psychosocial outcomes. A sample of 384 adults over the age of 65 who had been diagnosed with cancer in the past five years, with a response rate of 77%, participated in this cross sectional study of psychosocial well-being. The Quality of Life-Cancer Survivors (QOL-CS) scale was used along with sociodemographic variables, such as age, education, and income, and cancer-specific related variables including cancer type, treatment type, and stage at diagnosis. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis determining which subgroups were associated with increased psychosocial well-being. Results showed that males reported better psychosocial well-being than females. There was a positive association between education and psychosocial well-being. Having had lung cancer, being diagnosed at a later stage (II, III, or IV), and having been treated with chemotherapy were associated with lower levels of psychosocial well-being. The greatest contributor to psychosocial well-being was physical, or functional, well-being. These results suggest that psychosocial oncologic interventions should be geared towards specific population groups including women and those with lower educational attainment. Further, oncology social workers need to be attuned to physical well-being and help older adults identify resources to address and cope with the myriad physical issues that accompany a cancer diagnosis.
Occurrence and stability of lone pair–π stacking interactions between ribose and nucleobases in functional RNAs

Abstract The specific folding pattern and function of RNA molecules lies in various weak interactions, in addition to the strong base-base pairing and stacking. One of these relatively weak interactions, characterized by the stacking of the O4′ atom of a ribose on top of the heterocycle ring of a nucleobase, has been known to occur but has largely been ignored in the description of RNA structures. We identified 2015 ribose–base stacking interactions in a high-resolution set of non-redundant RNA crystal structures. They are widespread in structured RNA molecules and are located in structural motifs other than regular stems. Over 50% of them involve an adenine, as we found ribose-adenine contacts to be recurring elements in A-minor motifs. Fewer than 50% of the interactions involve a ribose and a base of neighboring residues, while approximately 30% of them involve a ribose and a nucleobase at least four residues apart. Some of them establish inter-domain or inter-molecular contacts and often implicate functionally relevant nucleotides. In vacuo ribose-nucleobase stacking interaction energies were calculated by quantum mechanics methods. Finally, we found that lone pair–π stacking interactions also occur between ribose and aromatic amino acids in RNA–protein complexes.
Characterization of a gene, pilU, required for twitching motility but not phage sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Type 4 fimbriae (or pili) are associated with a form of bacterial surface translocation known as twitching motility. Fimbriae are also associated with sensitivity to certain bacteriophages such as PO4. Transposon mutagenesis was used to generate a library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants which lack the spreading‐colony morphology characteristic of twitching motility. in four of these mutants the transposon was found to be located in the vicinity of the previously described pilT locus, but in only one case was it found to have inserted within the pilT coding sequence. Two twitching‐motility mutants originally isolated by Bradley, K2.2, and PAO2001.2, which have been widely used in studies of P. aeruginosa fimbrial structure and expression, were also shown to affect pilT and to comprise a small deletion and a frameshift mutation, respectively. The other three transposon mutations were found to have occurred within a new gene located directly downstream of pilT. This gene, termed pilU, encodes a 382‐amino‐acid protein closely related to PilT and to other members of a family of putative nucleotide‐binding proteins which are involved in the assembly of ceil surface‐associated complexes. Furthermore, the pilT and pilU genes appear to be independently expressed. Like pilT mutants, the pilU mutants were hyperfimbriate, but in neither case was this associated with an increase in transcription of the fimbrial subunit gene pilA. However, in contrast to pilT mutants, the pilU mutants had not also acquired resistance to infection by bacteriophage P04. A broader survey showed differential patterns of sensitivity to various fimbrial‐specific phages among the pilU mutants and other twitching‐motility mutants in the transposon library. The fact that twitching motility is not obligatorily associated with phage sensitivity suggests that the latter may not be directly dependent upon fimbrial function but rather may be a consequence of some common factor(s) involved in their assembly or export pathways.
Does Derivative Accounting Affect Risk Management? International Survey Evidence

This paper uses worldwide survey evidence to study the effect of derivatives accounting standards on firms’ risk management activities. More than 40% of the companies indicate that their risk management policies have been affected by the new standards. Their ability to hedge from an economic perspective has been compromised, but so have their speculative activities. Firms are more likely to be affected if they operate in an environment where they are more likely to write contracts based on earnings, if they attach a lot of importance to the reduction in the volatility of earnings as a benefit of risk management, and if they are more likely to take active positions. This evidence indicates that the impact of the new standards has been mixed, and has not affected all firms equally.
Researching Organizational Discourse

Abstract In recent years, the body of theory on organizational discourse has grown significantly, helping to form a specific field of study and also contributing to broader organization and management theory. During this time, empirical work using discourse analysis has also increased, as organizational researchers have drawn on methods established in other domains of study to examine organizations. However, the study of organizational discourse is not without difficulties, especially for researchers wishing to conduct empirical studies. This article identifies four particular challenges for empirical researchers and then describes how an ongoing program of organizational research using discourse analysis has attempted to address them. It also highlights some of the important contributions that empirical studies of organizational discourse can offer toward the understanding of organizational processes.
Structure and Network Performance

Networks have become a widely utilized method for dealing with emergencies and disasters. Researching this aspect of the emergency management process can effectively contribute to the outcome of disaster response and recovery by providing insight into the operations and processes of disaster management as well as ways to better utilize network resources and relationships. This article compares vertical and horizontal networks using the example of two counties in Florida. Understanding these network approaches contributes to efficient emergency management networks, thus strengthening outcomes in disaster response and recovery. The findings offer practical implications for local-level emergency management agencies.