Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is the Medium the Message?: an Experimental Comparison of the Efkts of Radio and Television on Imagination

This study explored the hypothesis that radio would be more stimulating to the imagination than television. The hypothesis was tested using a within-subjects experimental design in which children ot two different age levels (Grades l-2 vs. 3-4) were exposed to one story in o television format, another in o radio format. Our measure of imaginative activity was the ability to complete an incomplete story by introducing original new elements that hod not been port of the audiovisual or audio stimulus. In accord with the hypothesis, radio presentations led to more imaginative story completions than did television presentations. In addition, there was a carry-over effect such that a radio version at Time 1 led to more imaginative responses to a televised story at Time 2, while a television story at Time 1 led to less imaginative responses to a radio story at Time 2. As far as imagination is concerned, our results support Marshall McLuhan's (1964) thesis that " the medium is the message " (p. 23). While we found some specific effects on imaginative activity stemming from story content, al) the more general effects are attributable to the medium in which that content is presented. The media constitute an extremely important set of nonformal learning environments for American children (Greenfield, 1984). Most important among them is of course television. More than 10 years ago Lesser (I 970) estimated that, by the age of 18, the average American child will have spent more of his or her life watching television than in any other single activity but sleep. In the face of this overwhelming presence, radio has been almost forgotten. The impetus for our research was the desire of the Pacifica Foundation, the umbrella organization for The research reported in this article was supported by a grant to Patricia Greenfield from the National Institute of Education (NIE-G-0172). We would like to thank the Torrance Unified School District and the teachers and children at Steele, Towers, and Victor Elementary Schools for participating in our study. We also appreciate the help given by Weston Woods Studios in furnishing audio and videotapes of the stimulus stories. Finally, our thanks to Laurene Meringoff Brown for inspiration and help at the outset and to Kathy Pezdek for her thoughtful comments on our first draft.
Dysbindin Promotes the Post-Endocytic Sorting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors to Lysosomes

Background Dysbindin, a cytoplasmic protein long known to function in the biogenesis of specialized lysosome-related organelles (LROs), has been reported to reduce surface expression of D2 dopamine receptors in neurons. Dysbindin is broadly expressed, and dopamine receptors are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that function in diverse cell types. Thus we asked if dysbindin regulates receptor number in non-neural cells, and further investigated the cellular basis of this regulation. Methodology/Principal Findings We used RNA interference to deplete endogenous dysbindin in HEK293 and HeLa cells, then used immunochemical and biochemical methods to assess expression and endocytic trafficking of epitope-tagged GPCRs. Dysbindin knockdown up-regulated surface expression of D2 receptors compared to D1 receptors, as reported previously in neurons. This regulation was not mediated by a change in D2 receptor endocytosis. Instead, dysbindin knockdown specifically reduced the subsequent trafficking of internalized D2 receptors to lysosomes. This distinct post-endocytic sorting function explained the minimal effect of dysbindin depletion on D1 receptors, which recycle efficiently and traverse the lysosomal pathway to only a small degree. Moreover, dysbindin regulated the delta opioid receptor, a more distantly related GPCR that is also sorted to lysosomes after endocytosis. Dysbindin was not required for lysosomal trafficking of all signaling receptors, however, as its depletion did not detectably affect down-regulation of the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Dysbindin co-immunoprecipitated with GASP-1 (or GPRASP-1), a cytoplasmic protein shown previously to modulate lysosomal trafficking of D2 dopamine and delta opioid receptors by direct interaction, and with HRS that is a core component of the conserved ESCRT machinery mediating lysosome biogenesis and sorting. Conclusions/Significance These results identify a distinct, and potentially widespread function of dysbindin in promoting the sorting of specific GPCRs to lysosomes after endocytosis.
General methods and development actuality of gait recognition

As a new technology of biometrics, gait recognition has recently gained more and more interests from researchers. Gait recognition aimed essentially to recognize person by automatically extracting movement characteristic of walking person in the video. Firstly, this paper introduces gait characteristics and its research background. Secondly, general process of gait recognition method is briefly described and current methods for gait recognition are surveyed. Methods existing in literatures are classified as statistical-based method, model-based method and multi model information fusion based methods. Characteristic extracting algorithms of every category are introduced in detail, and its advantages and shortcomings are pointed out concretely. At last, we indicate problems that have yet been not solved perfectly and future developing tendency in research field of gait.
Fuzzy method of revealing implicit causality within a control system

The article addresses the problem of identifying subtle causal relations between sets of data defining a control system. The key pros and cons of using a fuzzy method are later examined. It explains the primary aspects of the fuzzy model for revealing implicit causality within a control system based on a combination of a fuzzy set approach and data mining techniques. The tool for carrying out evaluation in natural language resulting from utilizing an automated learning algorithm is advanced afterwards. The paper lastly proves its applicability to modeling mutual effects of a number of economic objects on each other.
Choosing Important Health Outcomes for Comparative Effectiveness Research: An Updated Review and Identification of Gaps

Background The COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) Initiative promotes the development and application of core outcome sets (COS), including relevant studies in an online database. In order to keep the database current, an annual search of the literature is undertaken. This study aimed to update a previous systematic review, in order to identify any further studies where a COS has been developed. Furthermore, no prioritization for COS development has previously been undertaken, therefore this study also aimed to identify COS relevant to the world’s most prevalent health conditions. Methods The methods used in this updated review followed the same approach used in the original review and the previous update. A survey was also sent to the corresponding authors of COS identified for inclusion in this review, to ascertain what lessons they had learnt from developing their COS. Additionally, the COMET database was searched to identify COS that might be relevant to the conditions with the highest global prevalence. Results Twenty-five reports relating to 22 new studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. Further improvements were identified in relation to the description of the scope of the COS, use of the Delphi technique, and the inclusion of patient participants within the development process. Additionally, 33 published and ongoing COS were identified for 13 of the world’s most prevalent conditions. Conclusion The development of a reporting guideline and minimum standards should contribute towards future improvements in development and reporting of COS. This study has also described a first approach to identifying gaps in existing COS, and to priority setting in this area. Important gaps have been identified, on the basis of global burden of disease, and the development and application of COS in these areas should be considered a priority.
Classification of infrasound events using radial basis function neural networks

Infrasound is a low frequency acoustic phenomenon that occurs in nature, and can result from man-made events, typically in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz. In this paper we present results for a bank of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks, to discriminate between six different man-made events. Each module in the bank of RBF networks is responsible for classifying one of the six events, and thus, is trained to identify only this particular event. However, each module is also trained to not classify all other events. Output thresholds of each module are set according to specific receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Moreover, the spread parameter for the RBFs of each neural network module has been optimized. For six manmade events, the classifier accuracy achieved is 96%. A confusion matrix of the complete network is shown along with confidence intervals for each class and the overall accuracy.
Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

Background: Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a direct-writing technique with nanometer resolution, which has received strongly increasing attention within the last decade. In FEBID a precursor previously adsorbed on a substrate surface is dissociated in the focus of an electron beam. After 20 years of continuous development FEBID has reached a stage at which this technique is now particularly attractive for several areas in both, basic and applied research. The present topical review addresses selected examples that highlight this development in the areas of charge-transport regimes in nanogranular metals close to an insulator-to-metal transition, the use of these materials for strain- and magnetic-field sensing, and the prospect of extending FEBID to multicomponent systems, such as binary alloys and intermetallic compounds with cooperative ground states. Results: After a brief introduction to the technique, recent work concerning FEBID of Pt–Si alloys and (hard-magnetic) Co–Pt intermetallic compounds on the nanometer scale is reviewed. The growth process in the presence of two precursors, whose flux is independently controlled, is analyzed within a continuum model of FEBID that employs rate equations. Predictions are made for the tunability of the composition of the Co–Pt system by simply changing the dwell time of the electron beam during the writing process. The charge-transport regimes of nanogranular metals are reviewed next with a focus on recent theoretical advancements in the field. As a case study the transport properties of Pt–C nanogranular FEBID structures are discussed. It is shown that by means of a post-growth electron-irradiation treatment the electronic intergrain-coupling strength can be continuously tuned over a wide range. This provides unique access to the transport properties of this material close to the insulator-to-metal transition. In the last part of the review, recent developments in mechanical strain-sensing and the detection of small, inhomogeneous magnetic fields by employing nanogranular FEBID structures are highlighted. Conclusion: FEBID has now reached a state of maturity that allows a shift of the focus towards the development of new application fields, be it in basic research or applied. This is shown for selected examples in the present review. At the same time, when seen from a broader perspective, FEBID still has to live up to the original idea of providing a tool for electron-controlled chemistry on the nanometer scale. This has to be understood in the sense that, by providing a suitable environment during the FEBID process, the outcome of the electron-induced reactions can be steered in a controlled way towards yielding the desired composition of the products. The development of a FEBID-specialized surface chemistry is mostly still in its infancy. Next to application development, it is this aspect that will likely be a guiding light for the future development of the field of focused electron beam induced deposition.
Counselling, autism and the problem of empathy

The experiences of disabled people suggest that ableism insidiously and invasively impacts upon the practice of counselling and related therapies. This article critiques a particular account of psychotherapy with a child with the label of autism to illustrate how ableism can disrupt the process of empathy and negate the therapeutic experience. In so doing the article highlights the inherent difficulties in traversing different epistemic positions to make sufficiently informed readings of counternormative expressions of being. General principles of counselling practice are then proposed to support practitioners with providing effective therapy for all clients.
Continuous Brain-Actuated Control of an Intelligent Wheelchair by Human EEG

The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of controlling an asynchronous and non-invasive brain-actuated wheelchair by human EEG. Three subjects were asked to mentally drive the wheelchair to 3 target locations using 3 mental commands. These mental commands were respectively associated with the three wheelchair steering behaviors: turn left, turn right, and move forward. The subjects participated in 30 randomized trials (10 trials per target). The performance was assessed in terms of percentage of reached targets calculated in function of the distance between the final wheelchair position and the target at each trial. To assess the brain-actuated control achieved by the subjects, their performances were compared with the performance achieved by a random BCI. The subjects drove the wheelchair closer than 1 meter from the target in 20%, 37%, and 7% of the trials, and closer than 2 meters in 37%, 53%, and 27% of the trials, respectively. The random BCI drove it closer than 1 and 2 meters in 0% and 13% of the trials, respectively. The results show that the subjects could achieve a significant level of mental control, even if far from optimal, to drive an intelligent wheelchair, thus demonstrating the feasibility of continuously controlling complex robotics devices using an asynchronous and non-invasive BCI.
Values, Economics, and Proenvironmental Attitudes in 22 Societies

Using data provided by the 1993 International Social Survey Programme, the authors examine the relationship between economic factors, values, and environmental attitudes both at the societal level and the individual level. They tested the hypothesis derived from Inglehart that postmaterialist values mediate the relationship between economics and support for the environment. In a multilevel analysis, they also explored whether the relationship between individuals’ income and their attitudes toward the environment varies as a function of societal-level indicators. Results demonstrate that economic factors predicted proenvironmental attitudes at the societal level and less so at the individual level, but at neither level was the influence of economic factors mediated through postmaterialist values. Further, a society’s recent economic growth, but not current levels of economic development, predicted to what extent individuals’ proenvironmental views were linked to their personal economic resources.
Why Are Professors Liberal and Why Do Conservatives Care?

sense of sexual agency and were focused on their future. They saw successful navigation of safe sex as part of their identity as good students. They saw themselves as socially mobile young women whose academic achievement was particularly hard won. Rather than viewing sexual activity as being at odds with their future orientation, their concern with safe sex was integral to their identity as savvy young women. Through these examples, Garcia showed that Latina teens faced challenges to their sexuality that were particular to their race and ethnicity, class, and generation. The girls in her study constructed sexual subjectivities that maintained their status as respectable women of color, yet expanded the space for their sexual agency. Importantly, the author was not interested in judging the strategies the women used. Instead, she showed that teen sexuality is not created in a vacuum. Latinas constructed their sexual identities in response to white supremacy as well to gendered expectations within their own community.
How good are machine learning clouds for binary classification with good features?: extended abstract

In spite of the recent advancement of machine learning research, modern machine learning systems are still far from easy to use, at least from the perspective of business users or even scientists without a computer science background. Recently, there is a trend toward pushing machine learning onto the cloud as a "service," a.k. a. machine learning clouds. By putting a set of machine learning primitives on the cloud, these services significantly raise the level of abstraction for machine learning. For example, with Amazon Machine Learning, users only need to upload the dataset and specify the type of task (classification or regression). The cloud will then train machine learning models without any user intervention.
Cube Designs

A cube design of order v, or a CUBE(v), is a decomposition of all cyclicly oriented quadruples of a v‐set into oriented cubes. A CUBE(v) design is unoriented if its cubes can be paired so that the cubes in each pair are related by reflection through the center. A cube design is degenerate if it has repeated points on one of its cubes, otherwise it is nondegenerate.
Factores emocionales en el análisis de credibilidad de las declaraciones de víctimas con discapacidad intelectual

The aim of the present work was to analyze emotional expressions in true and false victims with moderate and light intellectual disability (ID) with no specific etiology. Following the proposals for analyzing credibility based on content criteria (CBCA/SVA) four emotion-related criteria (description of own mental state, description of the mental state of others, emotional expressions during the narrative, and consistency between expressed emotion and the event) were examined in the narratives issued by people with ID on a negative and potentially traumatic event that the person interviewed had experienced or not. The results show no differences in these criteria between true and false statements. In conclusion, emotions must be valued with caution, as it can lead to misjudgments of credibility.
Cardiovascular disease prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as platelet and haemostatic abnormalities increasing the risk of thrombosis. Therefore, T2DM patients are at an increased risk for CV disease (CVD). Areas covered: This narrative review discusses the treatment of T2DM. This includes lifestyle measures (diet, exercise and smoking cessation) as well as hypolipidaemic, antihypertensive, weight reducing, antiplatelet and glucose lowering drugs. The focus is on the effects of these therapeutic strategies on CVD risk. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) reporting CVD outcomes with such drugs in T2DM patients are also reviewed. Expert opinion: Apart from current guidelines, the findings of RCTs on CVD outcomes in T2DM patients should be taken into consideration in daily clinical practice. Multiple risk factors should be targeted simultaneously in such high-risk patients in order to efficiently reduce the risk of CV events.
Toddlers' Social Interactions regarding Moral and Conventional Transgressions

SMETANA, JUDITH G. Toddlers' Social Interactions regarding Moral and Conventional Transgressions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 1767-1776. In this study, social interactions regarding moral and conventional transgressions were observed among 2 age groups of toddlers. 16 daycare-center classrooms, 8 serving 13-27-month-old (1 = 20.76) and 8 serving 18-40-month-old (X = 30.08) toddlers, were each observed for 3 45-min sessions. All responses to transgressions were scored on a standard checklist adapted from Nucci and Turiel. The results indicated that the frequency of responses to transgressions in the 2 domains differed by age; responses to moral transgressions were found to be more frequent among younger toddlers, while responses to conventional transgressions were more frequent among older toddlers. Among both age groups, caregivers but not children responded to conventional transgressions. Caregivers and children responded to moral transgressions, but there were fewer caregiver responses to older than to younger children's moral transgressions. Commands and, less frequently, statements pertaining to aspects of social organization were associated with caregiver responses to all conventional transgressions. Sequential analyses indicated that following a moral transgression, either caregivers attempted to maintain social control through commands, physical restraint, or attempts to divert attention, or child victims responded by providing feedback regarding the consequences of the transgression. The latter, in turn, resulted in adult statements regarding the intrinsic wrongness of the acts. The implications of these results for the developmental origins of distinctions between morality and convention are discussed.
Support Services for Families with Children Who Are Deaf

Public Law 99–457, reauthorized as Public Law 101–476, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (IDEA), mandates the participation of families in educational planning for all young children with disabilities. Family support services have become an accepted part of educational planning for infants and toddlers who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH), but professionals continue to search for the most effective support models. In this article, we outline broad categories and principles of support that cut across group differences and that might be incorporated in effective intervention programs for families. We then describe selected characteristics of parents of children who are D/HH (gender, hearing status, socioeconomic status, cultural/linguistic status) as well as characteristics of their children (age at diagnosis, hearing level, additional disabilities) that help to shape and define the dimensions of individualized family plans.
Identification of Genes and Proteins Necessary for Catabolism of Acyclic Terpenes and Leucine/Isovalerate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Geranyl-coenzyme A (CoA)-carboxylase (GCase; AtuC/AtuF) and methylcrotonyl-CoA-carboxylase (MCase; LiuB/LiuD) are characteristic enzymes of the catabolic pathway of acyclic terpenes (citronellol and geraniol) and of saturated methyl-branched compounds, such as leucine or isovalerate, respectively. Proteins encoded by two gene clusters (atuABCDEFGH and liuRABCDE) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were essential for acyclic terpene utilization (Atu) and for leucine and isovalerate utilization (Liu), respectively, as revealed by phenotype analysis of 10 insertion mutants, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, determination of GCase and MCase activities, and Western blot analysis of wild-type and mutant strains. Analysis of the genome sequences of other pseudomonads (P. putida KT2440 and P. fluorescens Pf-5) revealed candidate genes for Liu proteins for both species and candidate genes for Atu proteins in P. fluorescens. This result concurred with the finding that P. fluorescens, but not P. putida, could grow on acyclic terpenes (citronellol and citronellate), while both species were able to utilize leucine and isovalerate. A regulatory gene, atuR, was identified upstream of atuABCDEFGH and negatively regulated expression of the atu gene cluster.