Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Robustness of Hamilton’s Rule with Inbreeding and Dominance: Kin Selection and Fixation Probabilities under Partial Sib Mating

Assessing the validity of Hamilton’s rule when there is both inbreeding and dominance remains difficult. In this article, we provide a general method based on the direct fitness formalism to address this question. We then apply it to the question of the evolution of altruism among diploid full sibs and among haplodiploid sisters under inbreeding resulting from partial sib mating. In both cases, we find that the allele coding for altruism always increases in frequency if a condition of the form \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$rb> c$$ \end{document} holds, where r depends on the rate of sib mating α but not on the frequency of the allele, its phenotypic effects, or the dominance of these effects. In both examples, we derive expressions for the probability of fixation of an allele coding for altruism; comparing these expressions with simulation results allows us to test various approximations often made in kin selection models (weak selection, large population size, large fecundity). Increasing α increases the probability of fixation of recessive altruistic alleles ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$h< 1/ 2$$ \end{document} ), while it can increase or decrease the probability of fixation of dominant altruistic alleles ( \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} \landscape $$h> 1/ 2$$ \end{document} ).
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND SECRETORYIMMUNOGLOBULIN A

Thisreview focuses onstudies thathaveexamined therelation between psychosocial factors andsecretory immunoglobulin A(s-IgA). Several studies haveexamined therelation between s-IgA andstressful circumstances ranging from major life events tominor daily events. Thefindings fromthese studies wereoften contradictory, since different experimenters reported different stress-related changes ins-IgA. Theeffects ofstress reduction interventions, suchasrelaxation andimagery, ons-lgA levels havealsobeenexamined. Although these studies indicate thatvarious interventions areassociated with increases ins-lgA levels, methodological refinements areneeded before moredefinitive conclusions canbemade. Thepossi- bility that therelation between stress ands-IgA maybemoderated bypersonality characteristics ormediated bypsychologi- caldistress wassupported insomestudies. Thereview concludes withsuggestions forfuture research.
Relay Selection Considering Successive Packets Transmission in Cooperative Communication Networks

Relay selection has been regarded as an effective method to improve the performance of cooperative communication system. However, frequent operation of relay selection can bring enormous control message overhead and thereby decrease the performance of cooperative communication. To reduce the relay selection frequency, in this paper, we propose a relay selection scheme to choose the best relay with considering successive packets transmission. In this scheme, according to the length of data packet, data transmission rate and the estimated channel state information (CSI), the best relay is selected to maximize the number of successive packets transmission under the condition that the given symbol-error-rate (SER) is kept. Finally, numerical results show that the proposed relay selection scheme can support the operation of successive packets transmission in cooperative wireless networks and that the maximum number of successive packets transmission is affected by the different network parameters, i.e., data transmission rate, packet length and Doppler frequency at one relay node.
Visualizing the FAA Aviation Accident Database

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation Accident/Incident Database is a complex relational database that stores in-depth details about each aviation accident that has occurred from 1962 to the present. This paper demonstrates how information visualization techniques can be used to search for trends, and find correlations and relationships in the accident records. Visualizations are created in Many eyes, Word It Out, Tableau, Google Public Data Explorer, and Gephi, and demonstrate how the data related to aviation accidents that occurred inside the 50 United states from 1990 to 2010 can be explored.
Effect of peak power suppression and adaptive predistortion on power amplification of an OFCDM signal

The OFCDM (orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing) system is receiving attention to achieve a high data rate transmission for multimedia communication. A problem with the system is that PAPR (peak to average power ratio) of the OFCDM signal increases as the number of carriers increases. In this paper, we investigate peak reducing methods for OFCDM system with a predistorter power amplifier. We show that the peak reduction scheme and adaptive predistortion gives a high power efficiency and high linearity in power amplification of OFCDM signal.
The TGFbeta1 gene codon 10 polymorphism contributes to the genetic predisposition to high myopia.

PURPOSE Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta), a multifunctional growth factor that plays a key role in the remodeling of scleral tissue, may be involved in the predisposition and pathophysiology of high myopia. Our aim was to examine the association between myopia and the polymorphisms within codon 10 of the TGFbeta1 gene. METHODS This was a case control study. The study group contained participants who had high myopia and a spherical equivalent greater than -6.00 D. The control group was composed of medical students whose spherical equivalent was less then -0.5 D. All volunteers in this study were over 16 years old and had never undergone ocular surgery. Genotyping was conducted by restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the results were compared between myopia patients and control subjects. RESULTS The frequency of the CC genotype in TGFbeta1 codon 10 differed significantly between patients in the high myopia group (n=201) and individuals in the control group (n=86; p<0.001). People with either the CT or TT genotype had a lower probability of having high myopia with a spherical equivalent greater than -6.00 D than those with the CC genotype. Furthermore, there was a higher frequency of the C allele in the high myopia group than with the control group (p<0.001, OR=1.83, CI=1.27-2.63). CONCLUSIONS The frequency of the CC homozygote in the high myopia group was much higher than in the control group, indicating people with the CC homozygote may be at a higher risk of developing high myopia. Varied expression of this gene may contribute to the genetic predisposition to high myopia in Chinese Taiwanese.
Local Activity Levels Guided Adaptive Scan Conversion Algorithm

Digital scan converter in ultrasound machine prepares data in display buffer for displaying ultrasonic echo signals on monitor with interpolating missed pixel values. The popular bilinear interpolation and bicubic interpolation in scan conversion blurred image edges and detail regions. An adaptive scan conversion algorithm was proposed with applying warped distance interpolation to enhance image edges. And local activity level threshold distinguished smooth regions from detail regions to preserve sharpness in smooth regions. Simulation result indicated that result ultrasound images were superior to other common algorithms
Quicklook2: An Integrated Multimedia System

tion retrieval engine of Quicklook 2 . Quicklook 2 allows the user to query image and multimedia databases with the aid of sample images, or an impromptu sketch and/or textual descriptions, and progressively refine the system’s response by indicating the relevance, or non-relevance of the retrieved items. The major innovation of the system is its relevance feedback mechanism that performs a statistical analysis of both the image and textual feature distributions of the retrieved items the user has judged relevant, or not relevant to identify what features the user has taken into account (and to what extent) in formulating this judgement, and then weigh their influence in the overall evaluation of similarity, as well as in the formulation of a new, single query that better expresses the user’s multimedia information needs. Another important contribution is the design and integration with the relevance feedback mechanism of an indexing scheme based on triangle inequality to improve retrieval efficiency. The performance of the system is illustrated with examples from various application domains and for different types of queries (target search as well as similarity search). ( 2001 Academic Press
High Stakes Testing: Issues, Implications, and Remedies for English Language Learners

This article discusses the issues and implications of high stakes tests on English language learners (ELLs). As ELLs are being included in all high stakes assessments tied to accountability efforts (e.g., No Child Left Behind), it is crucial that issues related to the tests be critically evaluated relative to their use. In this case, academic achievement tests are analyzed relative to their norming samples and validity to determine their usefulness to ELLs. Also, commonly used language proficiency tests are examined relative to definitions of proficiency, technical quality, alignment with criteria for language classification and reclassification, and their academic predictive validity. Based on the synthesis of the literature, the author concludes that high stakes tests as currently constructed are inappropriate for ELLs, and most disturbing is their continued use for high stakes decisions that have adverse consequences. The author provides recommendations for addressing the issues related to high stakes tests and ELLs.
Immunohistochemical Vascular Factor Expression in Canine Inflammatory Mammary Carcinoma

Human inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) and canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) are considered the most malignant types of breast cancer. IMC has similar characteristics to IBC; hence, IMC has been suggested as a model to study the human disease. To compare the angiogenic and angioinvasive features of IMC with non-IMC, 3 canine mammary tumor xenograft models in female SCID mice were developed: IMC, comedocarcinoma, and osteosarcoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of both primary canine tumors and xenografts using cellular markers pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin and vascular factors (VEGF-A, VEGF-D, VEGFR-3, and COX-2) was performed. Tumor cell proliferation index was measured by the Ki-67 marker. The xenograft models reproduced histological features found in the primary canine tumor and preserved the original immunophenotype. IMC xenografts showed a high invasive character with tumor emboli in the dermis, edema, and occasional observations of ulceration. In addition, compared with osteosarcoma and comedocarcinoma, the IMC model showed the highest vascular factor expression associated with a high proliferation index. Likewise, IMC xenografts showed higher COX-2 expression associated with VEGF-D and VEGFR-3, as well as a higher presence of dermal lymphatic tumor emboli, suggesting COX-2 participation in IMC lymphangiogenesis. These results provide additional evidence to consider vascular factors, their receptors, and COX-2 as therapeutic targets for IBC.
Structural optimization using topological and shape sensitivity via a level set method

A numerical coupling of two recent methods in shape and topology optimization of structures is proposed. On the one hand, the level set method, based on the classical shape derivative, is known to easily handle boundary propagation with topological changes. However, in practice it does not allow for the nucleation of new holes (at least in 2-d). On the other hand, the bubble or topological gradient method is precisely designed for introducing new holes in the optimization process. Therefore, the coupling of these two method yields an efficient algorithm which can escape from local minima in a given topological class of shapes. Both methods relies on a notion of gradient computed through an adjoint analysis, and have a low CPU cost since they capture a shape on a fixed Eulerian mesh. The main advantage of our coupled algorithm is to make the resulting optimal design largely independent of the initial guess.
Exploring the Relationships between the Understandability of Architectural Components and Graph-Based Component Level Metrics

Architectural component models are frequently used as a central view of architectural descriptions of software systems and therefore play a crucial role in the whole development process and in achieving the desired software qualities. The components in those models represent important high level structural units that are often used to group either lower-level sub-components or classes in object-oriented design views. In this paper we present a study that examines the relationships between the effort required to understand a component, measured through the time that participants spent on studying a component, and a number of information theory based and the corresponding counting based metrics on graphs at the component level. The results show a statistically significant correlation between all of the metrics and the effort required to understand a component. In a multivariate regression analysis we obtained some reasonably well-fitting models that can be used to estimate the effort required to understand a component.
Digital peak current mode DC-DC converter for data center in HVDC system

The purpose of this paper is to present the digital peak current mode phase-shifted full-bridge zero volt switching dc-dc converter for the data center in the higher voltage direct current (HVDC) system, and show its transient response. The proposed peak current mode control circuit is composed of the RC integrator and comparator only and can detect the peak current in real time. At first, the basic operation of proposed method is confirmed by using the buck type dc-dc converter. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to the prototype of 380V phase-shifted full-bridge zero volt switching dc-dc converter. The system has to be always stable in the transient response even if the input voltage is changed. As a result, the convergence time of output voltage is improved by about 50% compared with the conventional digital voltage mode control when the input voltage is 380V and 300V.
Hierarchical Terminal Sliding Mode Control for Underactuated Space Robots

In this paper, the position control problem of the underactuated space robot is addressed, and a new sliding mode control scheme is proposed. The underactuated system was hierarchically divided into active subsystem and passive subsystem, and combining with the subsystems’ sliding planes constructed by terminal sliding mode method a new global sliding plane is constructed, then using the Lyapunov function and exponential approximation law with saturation function the control law is derived. The control system is designed and simulated by proposed algorithm for two degrees of freedom underactuated space robot, and the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only can effectively implement the position control of the active and passive joints, but also can make the convergent rate controllable.
Low-Rank Phase Retrieval

We develop two iterative algorithms for solving the low-rank phase retrieval (LRPR) problem. LRPR refers to recovering a low-rank matrix <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {X}$</tex-math></inline-formula> from magnitude-only (phaseless) measurements of random linear projections of its columns. Both methods consist of a spectral initialization step followed by an iterative algorithm to maximize the observed data likelihood. We obtain sample complexity bounds for our proposed initialization approach to provide a good approximation of the true <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {X}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. When the rank is low enough, these bounds are significantly lower than what existing single vector phase retrieval algorithms need. Via extensive experiments, we show that the same is also true for the proposed complete algorithms.
Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of multiple sinusoids from noisy measurements

The problem of estimating the frequencies, phases, and amplitudes of sinusoidal signals is considered. A simplified maximum-likelihood Gauss-Newton algorithm which provides asymptotically efficient estimates of these parameters is proposed. Initial estimates for this algorithm are obtained by a variation of the overdetermined Yule-Walker method and periodogram-based procedure. Use of the maximum-likelihood Gauss-Newton algorithm is not, however, limited to this particular initialization method. Some other possibilities to get suitable initial estimates are briefly discussed. An analytical and numerical study of the shape of the likelihood function associated with the sinusoids-in-noise process reveals its multimodal structure and clearly sets the importance of the initialization procedure. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimation procedure. Comparison to the performance corresponding to the Cramer-Rao lower bound is also presented, using a simple expression for the asymptotic Cramer-Rao bound covariance matrix derived in the paper. >
European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe: Executive Summary

*Alfredo Guarino (Coordinator), Fabio Albano, yShai Ashkenazi, zDominique Gendrel, §J. Hans Hoekstra, jjRaanan Shamir, and Hania Szajewska: The ESPGHAN/ESPID Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe Expert Working Group Department of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Italy, {Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach-Tikva, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel, {University Paris 5, and Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France, §Department of Pediatrics, Hieronymus Bosch Hospital,’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, jjSchneider Children’s Medical Center, Petach-Tikva, and Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 46:619–621 # 2008 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Actively Managing Wind Farm Power Output

This letter presents the outcomes of a trial of an active network management (ANM) scheme on part of the North-Scotland electricity network. The ANM scheme has as its goal the facilitation of increased connections of distributed generation (DG) from renewable resources on the Orkney Isles. The ANM scheme is the first multigenerator application of ANM at distribution level in the U.K. The ANM scheme is briefly discussed prior to the trial of the ANM scheme being introduced. The implications of the trial for full ANM roll-out are discussed. The results of the trial of the ANM scheme are of direct relevance to those working in the areas of ANM, smart grids, and advanced distribution automation. The results confirm that wind farms can be controlled within the thermal constraints of a distribution network subject to certain operating margin considerations.
The Effects of Tacit Knowledge on Earnings Management Behavior in the Presence and Absence of Monitoring at Different Levels of Firm Performance

ABSTRACT: Archival and behavioral research suggests that discretionary accruals are managed to increase bonuses when the risk of being discovered is lowest. While such strategic behavior has been suggested in past research, this study experimentally manipulates two important situational variables (monitoring of discretionary accruals and firm performance relative to a specific bonus range) to provide more direct evidence of such behavior. Further, we investigate whether knowledge of how to manage earnings strategically is learned tacitly over time through experience in a series of three studies. While more experienced participants in study 1 acted more strategically than less experienced participants, it is difficult to say that this is due to tacit knowledge rather than another variable that is related to experience in the same way as tacit knowledge. To further clarify this point, we performed study 2 to establish that novices do not behave strategically the way experienced participants do, and our resu.
Visualizing Abstract Objects and Relations

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The Quantitative Determination of Renin in the Plasma of Patients with Arterial Hypertension

A method was described for the quantitative determination of renin in small amounts of dialyzed human plasma, utilizing the first order reaction constant.A wide variation was found in the renin-substrate (angiotensinogen) content of plasma of patients with arterial hypertension. Many of these patients had high concentrations of this factor.