Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Urban Tree Management and Species Selection on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

Trees sequester and store carbon in their tissue at differing rates and amounts based on such factors as tree size at maturity, life span, and growth rate. Concurrently, tree care practices release carbon back to the atmosphere based on fossil-fuel emissions from maintenance equipment (e.g., chain saws, trucks, chippers). Management choices such as tree locations for energy conservation and tree disposal methods after removal also affect the net carbon effect of the urban forest. Different species, decomposition, energy conservation, and maintenance scenarios were evaluated to determine how these factors influence the net carbon impact of urban forests and their management. If carbon (via fossil-fuel combustion) is used to maintain vegetation structure and health, urban forest ecosystems eventually will become net emitters of carbon unless secondary carbon reductions (e.g., energy conservation) or limiting decomposition via long-term carbon storage (e.g., wood products, landfills) can be accomplished to offset the maintenance carbon emissions. Management practices to maximize the net benefits of urban forests on atmospheric carbon dioxide are discussed.
2009 accumulation area ratios and little ice age equilibrium line altitude depression of Mount Baker glaciers, Washington state, USA

I estimated the 2009 mass balance of glaciers on Mount Baker, Washington, using late summer, 1-m NAIP (National Agriculture Imagery Program) orthoimagery. I mapped areas of accumulation and ablation on Mount Baker glaciers at the end of August 2009 and computed the end-of-summer accumulation area ratio for each glacier. I also mapped glacier divides and calculated modern glacier areas, elevation ranges, and average aspects. Using long-term mass balance measurements made by others, I estimated the 2009 mass balance and steady-state equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of each glacier. Finally, I utilized the steady-state ELA results and modern glacier hypsometric curves to calculate the area-altitude balance ratio of each glacier.
Nutritional Risk and Sarcopenia Features in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Relation to Body Composition, Physical Performance, Nutritional Questionnaires and Biomarkers

Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) face malnutrition risk, which, combined with inflammation, can lead to sarcopenia, associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with CD. Fifty-three patients (26 women) participated (38.1 ± 10.9 years, 79% in remission). Body composition, physical performance, nutritional questionnaires, and biomarkers were performed. Malnutrition was screened with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Risk Tool (MIRT) and was assessed with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tool using etiologic along with three different phenotypic criteria: low Body Mass Index (BMI), low Calf Circumference (CC), and low Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). To find cases and evaluate sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia Questionnaire (SARC-F) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia2 (EWGSOP2) criteria were used. Malnutrition rates were 11.3% (n = 6), 7.5% (n = 4), and 5.6% (n = 3) based on low FFMI, CC, and BMI, correspondingly. Four (7%) patients had low Hand-Grip Strength (HGS), n = 8 (14.8%) had low Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM), and n = 3 (5.6%) had low gait speed. No-one had sarcopenia. A high albumin and triceps skinfold pattern, identified by principal component analysis, was related to reduced C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (B = −0.180, SE = 0.085, p = 0.045). In conclusion, based on the studied anthropometric, nutritional, and functional variables, CD patients were not diagnosed with sarcopenia in the present study. Body composition patterns were related to the inflammatory burden, underlying the interplay of inflammation and malnutrition, even in remission states. Further studies on older populations and during disease exacerbation are necessary to explore the potential link between CD, inflammation, and sarcopenia.
Communal responses to burglary at residential premises in the Cato Crest informal settlement, South Africa: Implications for community policing

Abstract Violence and crime in countries such as South Africa are shaped by deep socio-economic inequalities; however, urban areas and housing spatial also play a role, but often in differing ways. Housebreaking is unlawfully and intentionally breaking into and entering the building or structure with the intention of committing a crime. There is limited qualitative research published on communal responses to burglary in informal settlements where the hyper-permeability of housing structures directly shapes residents’ crime experiences. The study adopted a qualitative approach within the interpretivism paradigm. Data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with a total number of (n = 15) participants, consisting of (n = 11) members of the Cato Crest informal settlement community and (n = 4) community leaders who were selected through snowball and purposive sampling strategies respectively. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. This study revealed that alarming crime incidences affect the social life of community members. Community members have resorted to changing their house locks frequently; using weapons to defend themselves; and setting up Neighbourhood Watch Programmes and/or Community Policing Forums to detect and curb crime. We recommend that law enforcement officers be proactive in their approach to dealing with crime as they are the first respondents to crime. Community leaders, community members with law enforcement officers should monitor activities to protect people/property by patrolling around the area, investigating crimes and apprehending suspected law violators.
Association of TNF-α (-308G/A) Gene Polymorphism with Changes in Circulating TNF-α Levels in Response to CPAP Treatment in Adults with Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Rationale: We recently demonstrated that patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) carrying the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) A allele had increased circulating TNF-α levels compared with the ones carrying the TNF-α G allele. In the current study, we addressed the effect of TNF-α (-308G/A) gene polymorphism on circulating TNF-α levels following continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the RICCADSA trial (NCT00519597) conducted in Sweden. CAD patients with OSA (apnea–hypopnea index) of ≥15 events/h and an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of <10 were randomized to CPAP or no-CPAP groups, and OSA patients with an ESS score of ≥10 were offered CPAP treatment. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and 12-month follow-up visits. TNF-α was measured by immunoassay (Luminex, R&D Systems). Genotyping of TNF-α-308G/A (single nucleotide polymorphism Rs1800629) was performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: In all, 239 participants (206 men and 33 women; mean age 64.9 (SD 7.7) years) with polymorphism data and circulating levels of TNF-α at baseline and 1-year follow-up visits were included. The median circulating TNF-α values fell in both groups between baseline and 12 months with no significant within- or between-group differences. In a multivariate linear regression model, a significant change in circulating TNF-α levels from baseline across the genotypes from GA to GA and GA to AA (standardized β-coefficient −0.129, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.82; −0.12; p = 0.025) was observed in the entire cohort. The association was more pronounced among the individuals who were using the device for at least 4 h/night (n = 86; standardized β-coefficient −2.979 (95% CI −6.11; −1.21); p = 0.004)), whereas no significant association was found among the patients who were non-adherent or randomized to no-CPAP. The participants carrying the TNF-α A allele were less responsive to CPAP treatment regarding the decline in circulating TNF-α despite CPAP adherence (standardized β-coefficient −0.212, (95% CI −5.66; −1.01); p = 0.005). Conclusions: Our results suggest that TNF-α (-308G/A) gene polymorphism is associated with changes in circulating TNF-α levels in response to CPAP treatment in adults with CAD and OSA.
Rehabilitation Phases, Precautions, and Mobility Goals Following Total Hip Arthroplasty

The prevalence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for advanced hip osteoarthritis (OA) is both increasing and shifting toward a younger average age. However, THA alone does not typically normalize function in these patients. Postoperative rehabilitation is often recommended to optimize joint motion, strength, and function. To date, there are no peer-reviewed clinical practice guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation following THA. Thus, optimal postoperative rehabilitation requires consideration of the existing literature and clinical expertise. This review article summarizes current recommendations for postoperative management of THA, including phases of rehabilitation, postoperative hip precautions, the effect of rehabilitation setting and mode of delivery on postoperative outcomes, and gait mechanics.
Valuing scenic views in coastal tourism in Italy

Aesthetic landscape features may be measured by monetary units in market goods boosting economic activity, in particular in coastal tourism. Apart from the estimation of environmental and cultural non-market values, this empirical study demonstrates how scenic views affect the demand for coastal tourism in Italy. By using the hedonic pricing method, this paper investigates the extent to which relevant criteria involving agritourism, natural parks, vicinity to the beach as well as entertainments and transportation infrastructure impact demand for coastal tourism in a positive or negative direction considering regional diversity of Italian coastal areas by market segmentation.
Analysis of The Influence of Profit Sharing, Ijarah And NPF Financing On The Profitability of Sharia Business Units In Indonesia

Indonesian statistical data shows significant developments in the Islamic banking sector. This is evidenced by the increase in the number of 20 Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) with an average asset of 478,831 billion and 13 Islamic Business Units (UUS) with an average asset of 255,943 billion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of profit sharing, ijarah funding and NPF on profitability (ROA) in Indonesian Islamic Business (UUS). Profit sharing and ijarah financing is a form of bank business to generate profits in accordance with sharia principles. NPF is bad credit that arises when bank funds are channeled, but can affect bank income. The data source for this research is secondary data in the form of UUS (Maybank Indonesia) financial reports for the 2017-2022 period using a quarterly model. The research method used is a quantitative approach using linear regression analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that simultaneously profit-sharing financing, ijarah and NPF have a positive effect on ROA. Partial test results, profit sharing and ijarah financing have a significant effect on ROA, while NPF has no significant effect on ROA.
Energy-Efficient Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Delay-Constrained Edge-Cloud Computing Networks

Edge computing has become a popular computing paradigm to offload delay-sensitive tasks from mobile devices (MDs) to edge servers. However, due to the limited computation resources, edge computing may fail to support the increasing amount of data. In this paper, we consider a collaborative edge and cloud computing network. For delay-sensitive tasks, two optimization problems are formulated: 1) Quantity driven problem that aims to maximize the number of served MDs; 2) Energy driven problem that aims to minimize energy consumption. Both are mixed-integer nonlinear programming problems that are NP-hard. To derive the optimal task offloading decisions, a binary tree based task offloading (BTTO) scheme is proposed. By leveraging the convex optimization and branch-and-bound method, an alternating optimization (AO) approach is presented to obtain high-quality solutions. A detailed convergence and complexity analysis for the proposed approach is provided. Simulation results show that the BTTO scheme maximizes the number of served MDs with low complexity, and the proposed AO approach has a good performance in terms of saving energy consumption.
The National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Data Share project: Website design, usage, challenges, and future directions

Background There are many benefits of data sharing, including the promotion of new research from effective use of existing data, replication of findings through re-analysis of pooled data files, meta-analysis using individual patient data, and reinforcement of open scientific inquiry. A randomized controlled trial is considered as the ‘gold standard’ for establishing treatment effectiveness, but clinical trial research is very costly, and sharing data is an opportunity to expand the investment of the clinical trial beyond its original goals at minimal costs. Purpose We describe the goals, developments, and usage of the Data Share website (http://www.ctndatashare.org) for the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) in the United States, including lessons learned, limitations, and major revisions, and considerations for future directions to improve data sharing. Methods Data management and programming procedures were conducted to produce uniform and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant de-identified research data files from the completed trials of the CTN for archiving, managing, and sharing on the Data Share website. Results Since its inception in 2006 and through October 2012, nearly 1700 downloads from 27 clinical trials have been accessed from the Data Share website, with the use increasing over the years. Individuals from 31 countries have downloaded data from the website, and there have been at least 13 publications derived from analyzing data through the public Data Share website. Limitations Minimal control over data requests and usage has resulted in little information and lack of control regarding how the data from the website are used. Lack of uniformity in data elements collected across CTN trials has limited cross-study analyses. Conclusions The Data Share website offers researchers easy access to de-identified data files with the goal to promote additional research and identify new findings from completed CTN studies. To maximize the utility of the website, ongoing collaborative efforts are needed to standardize the core measures used for data collection in the CTN studies with the goal to increase their comparability and to facilitate the ability to pool data files for cross-study analyses.
New genera and species with chloridium-like morphotype in the Chaetosphaeriales and Vermiculariopsiellales.

In this study, we investigated the morphological and genetic variability of selected species belonging to the genus Chloridium sensu lato, some also referred to as chloridium-like asexual morphs and other undescribed morphologically similar fungi. These species do not conform to the revised generic concept and thus necessitate a re-evaluation in terms of taxonomy and phylogeny. The family Chaetosphaeriaceae (Chaetosphaeriales) encompasses a wide range of asexual morphotypes, and among them, the simplest form is represented by Chloridium sect. Chloridium. The morphological simplicity of the Chloridium morphotype has historically led to the amalgamation of numerous unrelated species, thereby creating a heterogeneous genus. By conducting phylogenetic reconstruction of four DNA loci and examining a set of 71 strains, including all available ex-type and other non-type strains as well as holotypes and other herbarium material, we were able to gain new insights into the relationships between these taxa. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the studied species are distantly related to Chloridium sensu stricto and can be grouped into two orders in the Sordariomycetes. Within the Chaetosphaeriales, they formed nine well-separated genera in four clades, such as Cacumisporium, Caliciastrum gen. nov., Caligospora gen. nov., Capillisphaeria gen. nov., Curvichaeta, Fusichloridium, Geniculoseta gen. nov., Papillospora gen. nov., and Spicatispora gen. nov. We also established Chloridiopsiella gen. nov. and Chloridiopsis gen. nov. in Vermiculariopsiellales. Four new species and eight new combinations are proposed in these genera. Our study provides a clearer understanding of the genus Chloridium, its relationship to other morphologically similar fungi, and a new taxonomic treatment and molecular phylogeny to facilitate their accurate identification and classification in future research. Taxonomic novelties: New genera: Caliciastrum Réblová, Caligospora Réblová, Capillisphaeria Réblová, Chloridiopsiella Réblová, Chloridiopsis Réblová, Geniculoseta Réblová, Papillospora Réblová, Spicatispora Réblová; New species: Caliciastrum bicolor Réblová, Caligospora pannosa Réblová, Chloridiopsis syzygii Réblová, Gongromerizella silvana Réblová; New combinations: Caligospora dilabens (Réblová & W. Gams) Réblová, Capillisphaeria crustacea (Sacc.) Réblová, Chloridiopsiella preussii (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová, Chloridiopsis constrictospora (Crous et al.) Réblová, Geniculoseta preussii (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová, Papillospora hebetiseta (Réblová & W. Gams) Réblová, Spicatispora carpatica (Hol.-Jech. & Révay) Réblová, Spicatispora fennica (P. Karst.) Réblová; Epitypifications (basionyms): Chaetosphaeria dilabens Réblová & W. Gams, Chloridium cylindrosporum W. Gams & Hol. -Jech. Citation: Réblová M, Nekvindová J (2023). New genera and species with chloridium-like morphotype in the Chaetosphaeriales and Vermiculariopsiellales. Studies in Mycology 106: 199-258. doi: 10.3114/sim.2023. 106.04.
Exploring the Performance of 3-D Nanosheet FET in Inversion and Junctionless Modes: Device and Circuit-Level Analysis and Comparison

In this article, the performance of 3-D nanosheet FET (NS-FET) in inversion (INV) and junctionless (JL) modes is demonstrated and compared at both device and circuit levels. In JL mode, the ON current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) rises with an increase in temperature compared to the downfall trend in INV mode. In addition, compared to JL mode, the INV mode exhibits a better negative temperature coefficient of threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{d}V_{\mathrm {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/dT). Further, the mixed mode circuit simulations are carried out using the Cadence Virtuoso platform through the Verilog-A model. From the analysis, it is observed that an increase of 20% gain in INV mode compared to JL mode for a common source (CS) amplifier. The JL mode NS-FETs achieve higher CMOS inverter switching current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{SC}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and lower energy-delay products (EDP) as temperature rises. A three-stage ring oscillator (RO) is designed, and the oscillation frequencies (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm {OSC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 43.39 GHz and 38.8 GHz are obtained with INV and JL modes. Although JL NS-FET offers less intrinsic capacitances, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm {OSC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is high for INV mode due to higher <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, reducing supply voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\mathrm {OSC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> falls by 67% with INV and 62.6% with JL modes. These results will give a better understanding of this emerging NS-FET at both device and circuit levels at advanced technology nodes.
Short-Term Effects of Dietary Protein Supplementation on Physical Recovery in Older Patients at Risk of Malnutrition during Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Pilot, Randomized, Controlled Trial

It is estimated that about 50% of geriatric rehabilitation patients suffer from sarcopenia. Thereby, malnutrition is frequently associated with sarcopenia, and dietary intake is the main modifiable risk factor. During hospitalization, older adults are recommended to consume more dietary protein than the current recommended dietary allowance of 0.8 g/kg body weight per day to optimize the recovery of muscular strength and physical function. This prospective pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of short-term protein supplementation with protein-enriched foods and drinks on the hand-grip strength, nutritional status, and physical function of older patients at risk of malnutrition during a three-week inpatient orthopedic rehabilitation stay. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool was used to assess malnutrition. Patients with an MNA score ≤ 23.5 points were randomly assigned to an intervention group (goal: to consume 1.2–1.5 g protein/kg body weight per day) or a control group (standard care). Both groups carried out the same rehabilitation program. Physical recovery parameters were determined at admission and discharge. A trend was recognized for participants in the intervention group to consume more protein than the control group (p = 0.058): 95.3 (SD 13.2) g/day as compared to 77.2 (SD 24.2) g/day, which corresponds to a mean protein intake of 1.6 (SD 0.3) g/kg/day vs. 1.3 (SD 0.5) g/kg/day. Dietary protein supplementation increased body weight by an average of 0.9 (SD 1.1) kg and fat mass by an average of 0.9 (SD 1.2) kg as compared to the baseline (p = 0.039 and p = 0.050, respectively). No significant change in hand-grip strength, body composition, or physical function was observed. In conclusion, short-term intervention with protein-enriched foods and drinks enabled older patients at risk of malnutrition to increase their protein intake to levels that are higher than their required intake. In these older individuals with appropriate protein intake, dietary protein supplementation did not result in a greater improvement in physical recovery outcomes during short-term inpatient rehabilitation. The intervention improved dietary protein intake, but further research (e.g., a full-scale, randomized, controlled trial with sufficient power) is required to determine the effects on physical function outcomes.