Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibodies that bind specifically to synaptic sites on muscle fiber basal lamina

Basal lamina (BL) ensheathes each skeletal muscle fiber and passes through the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction. Synaptic portions of the BL are known to play important roles in the formation, function, and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. Here we demonstrate molecular differences between synaptic and extrasynaptic BL. We obtained antisera to immunogens that might be derived from or share determinants with muscle fiber BL, and used immunohistochemical techniques to study the binding of antibodies to rat skeletal muscle. Four antisera contained antibodies that distinguished synaptic from extrasynaptic portions of the muscle fiber's surface. They were anti- anterior lens capsule, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-lens capsule collagen, and anti-muscle basement membrane collagen; the last two sera were selective only after antibodies binding to extrasynaptic areas had been removed by adsorption with connective tissue from endplate-free regions of muscle. Synaptic antigens revealed by each of the four sera were present on the external cell surface and persisted after removal of nerve terminal. Schwann cell, and postsynaptic plasma membrane. Thus, the antigens are contained in or connected to BL of the synaptic cleft. Details of staining patterns, differential susceptibility of antigens to proteolysis, and adsorption experiments showed that the antibodies define at least three different determinants that are present in synaptic but not extrasynaptic BL.
EOQ and in # ation uncertainty

In#ation uncertainty is introduced into a basic EOQ model and its potential to make mischief is explored. Among other things, it is shown that even when the expected rate of in#ation is less than the marginal cost of capital, the appropriate discount rate to use in computing a discounted expected total inventory cost will not necessarily be negative. Therefore, the classic EOQ square-root formula may drastically underestimate the optimal lot size. The results may be generalized to the more complex inventory models. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Estimation of deep neural networks capabilities based on a trigonometric approach

The rapid development of computing machines led to renewed interest in deep neural networks. For years it is known that they have a great possibilities, but to use them new training algorithms are required. The paper shows benefits for deep neural networks usage by analysis of the Fourier series approximation of the activation function for shallow and deep neural network architectures. The proposed approach has been confirmed by experiments.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MC-CDMA AND OFDM IN WIRELESS RAYLEIGH CHANNEL

Recent advances in wireless communications have made use of MC-CDMA and OFDM techniques to allow for high data rate transmission. Rapid time variations of the wireless communication channel have a effect on the performance of multicarrier modulation. In this paper, we emphasis the Doppler spread and Computes its effect on the bit error rate (BER) for multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Also, we evaluate the channel capacity to quantify the potential of MC-CDMA and OFDM. We evaluate the effect of Doppler spread with Doppler shift at various carrier frequencies. We also evaluate the capacity of LTI, OFDM, MC-CDMA and RAYLEIGH channels.
The Problem of Rapid Variable Creation

Both Marcus (2001) and Jackendoff (2002) have emphasized the importance of finding credible explanations for the occurrence of variables within cognitive representations. Marcus, in particular, has argued that a prevailing form of connectionist modeling, eliminative connectionism, cannot adequately explain crucial forms of human generalization. Eliminative connectionism eschews the use of explicitly represented variables, and the latter, Marcus contends, play an essential role in the forms of generalization that he considers. Recently, van der Velde and de Kamps (2006) proposed a neural blackboard architecture, which they assert to have satisfied the variable representation needs that Marcus and Jackendoff identified. However, this letter argues that closely related variants of Marcus's generalization examples possess variable requirements that are incompatible with the van der Velde and de Kamps approach. Moreover, it is argued here that these newly proposed variants present a severe challenge not only for eliminative connectionism but for all network training methods that require iterative tuning of synaptic strengths. The letter focuses on generalization cases that necessitate either virtually instantaneous creation of variables or very rapid deployment of preexisting variables within highly novel contexts.
A discussion of refactoring in research and practice

In this paper we provide a detailed overview of the field of software restructuring and refactoring from a formal as well as a from a practical point of view. After summarizing refactoring’s current applications and tool support, we discuss the current research on refactoring in a number of essential research questions. Lastly, we highlight the key directions in which refactoring research is moving forward.
Design of FIR filters with magnitude specifications

In this paper, we present a method for the design of an FIR filter that minimizes the Chebyshev error in the magnitude frequency domain. The method exhibits desirable properties similar to those characterizing the Parks-McClellan algorithm and requires less than seven iterations to solve the nonlinear filter design problem. The O(N/sup 2/) iterative method yields filters that are 40% better than those designed using conventional techniques and results in filters that are 30% shorter.
Activation of Plant Plasma Membrane Ca2+-Permeable Channels by Race-Specific Fungal Elicitors

The response of plant cells to invading pathogens is regulated by fluctuations in cytosolic Ca2+ levels that are mediated by Ca2+-permeable channels located at the plasma membrane of the host cell. The mechanisms by which fungal elicitors can induce Ca2+ uptake by the host cell were examined by the application of conventional patch-clamp techniques. Whole-cell and single-channel experiments on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) protoplasts revealed a race-specific fungal elicitor-induced activation of a plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channel. The presence of the fungal elicitor resulted in a greater probability of channel opening. Guanosine 5[prime]-[[beta]-thio]diphosphate, a GDP analog that locks heterotrimeric G-proteins into their inactivated state, abolished the channel activation induced by the fungal elicitor, whereas guanosine 5[prime][[gamma]-thio]triphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog that locks heterotrimeric G-proteins into their activated state, produced an effect similar to that observed with the fungal elicitor. Mastoparan, which stimulates GTPase activity, mimicked the effect of GTP[[gamma]]S. The addition of HA1004 (a protein kinase inhibitor) in the presence of the elicitor totally abolished channel activity, whereas okadaic acid (a protein phosphatase inhibitor) moderately enhanced channel activity, suggesting that the activation of the channel by fungal elicitors is modulated by a heterotrimeric G-protein-dependent phosphorylation of the channel protein.
Coverage Analysis for Multiuser MIMO Broadcast Systems

In this paper, we present the closed-form expressions for the linkoutage and coverage of the zero-forcing beamforming (ZFB) andzero-forcing dirty-paper coding (ZF-DPC) multiuser multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) broadcast systems. We find that the ZF-DPCMIMO broadcast system has a larger diversity order and bettercoverage compared with the ZFB MIMO broadcast system. Furthermore,it is observed that the ZFB MIMO broadcast system with round-robinscheduling has only the diversity order of one and its cellcoverage can only approach to that of the weakest link of theZF-DPC MIMO broadcast system. By selecting the best group ofusers, multiuser scheduling can function as a {\em soft} coverageenhancement technique without increasing the extra transmissionpower in the physical layer. Our analytical formula can estimateto what extent the coverage performance of the ZF-DPC MIMObroadcast system can be improved as the number of users increases.Hence, the effect of increasing the number of antennas on thecoverage performance of the ZF-DPC MIMO broadcast system can bequantitatively analyzed subject to the same transmission powerfrom each base station.
Modélisation des émotions de l’apprenant et interventions implicites pour les systèmes tutoriels intelligents

Detecting the student internal state during learning is a key construct in educational environment and particularly in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). Students‘ uncertainty is of primary interest as it is deeply rooted in the process of knowledge construction. In this paper we propose a new sensor-based multimodal approach to model users‘ uncertainty from their affective reactions and cognitive and personal characteristics. An experimental protocol was conducted to record participants‘ brain activity and physiological signals while they interacted with a computer-based problem solving system and self-reported their perceived level of uncertainty during the tasks. We study key indicators from affective reactions, traitquestionnaire responses, and individual differences that are related to uncertainty states. Then we develop models to automatically predict levels of uncertainty using machine learning techniques. Evidence indicated that students‘ uncertainty is associated to their mental and 60 Student’s Uncertainty Modeling through a Multimodal Sensor-Based Approach emotional reactions. Personal characteristics such as gender, skill level, and personality traits also showed a priori tendencies to be more or less in particular uncertainty states. The SVM algorithm demonstrated the best accuracy results for classifying students‘ uncertainty levels. Our findings have implications for ITS seeking to continuously monitor the user‘s internal states so they can ultimately provide efficient interventions to enhance learning.
Numerical solution of conservation laws on moving grids

In the present article we describe a few simple and efficient finite volume type schemes on moving grids in one spatial dimension. The underlying finite volume scheme is conservative and it is accurate up to the second order in space. The main novelty consists in the motion of the grid. This new dynamic aspect can be used to resolve better the areas with high solution gradients or any other special features. No interpolation procedure is employed, thus an unnecessary solution smearing is avoided. Thus, our method enjoys excellent conservation properties. The resulting grid is completely redistributed according the choice of the so-called monitor function. Several more or less universal choices of the monitor function are provided. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated on several examples stemming from the simple linear advection to the simulation of complex shallow water waves.
A Novel Contention Resolution Scheme of Hybrid Shared Wavelength Conversion for Optical Packet Switching

Wavelength conversion is an efficient way to improve the optical packet blocking performance for all-optical packet switching networks. The synchronous OPS node architecture, with a hybrid shared wavelength conversion (HSWC) scheme based on shared per output fiber and shared per node wavelength conversion, is put forward to reduce the packet loss probability in this paper. A heuristics is developed into assigning the wavelength channels for packets in the proposed optical nodes. The limited range wavelength converters first available (LFA) algorithm and parametric wavelength converters first available (PFA) algorithm are used to schedule contending optical packets to available wavelength channels. Simulation results show that the hybrid shared wavelength conversion scheme has significant performance improvement in terms of packet loss probability. And the utilization of wavelength converter is greatly improved for OPS node with hybrid shared wavelength conversion scheme. Furthermore, the PFA scheduling algorithm compared with LFA algorithm is validated to improve the wavelength assignment efficiency and reduce the required total wavelength converters for OPS nodes.
Lack of correlation between hepatitis C virus genotypes and clinical course of hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis

The influence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐genotype on liver disease severity was evaluated in 429 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C, including 109 with cirrhosis who were followed up prospectively, allowing for the assessment of the role of the HCV‐genotype on disease outcome and on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV‐1 was detected in 147 (46%) patients without cirrhosis and in 47 (43%) with cirrhosis (x not significant), being mainly HCV‐1b. HCV‐2 was found in 103 (32%) cases without cirrhosis and in 30 (27.5) with cirrhosis (P: not significant), being mainly HCV‐2a. HCV‐3 was detected in 32 (10%) patients without cirrhosis and in 2 (2%) with cirrhosis (P < 0.005). Infection with more than one genotype (HCV‐1/HCV‐2 and HCV‐1/HCV‐3) was observed only in cirrhotic patients (6 of 109; 5.5%). During a mean follow‐up of 67 ± 22 months, 21 (19%) patients with cirrhosis showed worsening in Child's stage, 5 (4.5%) underwent liver transplantation, 23 (21%) developed HCC, and 24 (22%) died of complication of liver disease; the overall incidence of at least one of these events was 38.5%. By the Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test, the cumulative probability of developing each or at least one of the above events did not differ in relation to the genotype of infecting HCV, apart from patients with mixed genotype infection who showed a significantly higher incidence of death (P < .05). These data indicate that HCV‐genotypes do not have a significant effect on the severity and outcome of liver disease in patients with chronic HCV‐infection. Patients with cirrhosis who are also infected by HCV‐1 and HCV‐2 had a similar prognosis and progression to HCC, while patients infected by more than one genotype showed the most unfavorable course of disease.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) surface antigen and HBVassociated hepatocellular carcinoma in Kenyans of various ages

As a follow-up of an earlier study in Kenya that reported a 5:1 association between chronic liver disease and/or liver cancer with hepatitis B virus surface antigens (HBsAg), we investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in an asymptomatic rural normadic population, and among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a major urban centre. In a rural population of 579 individuals, there was an overall HBsAg prevalence of 8.8%, with the largest number (34%) of those positive being between 5 and 10 years of age. The number of HBsAg positives decreased with advance in age, suggesting either mother to child transmission or early childhood exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV). In a small group (N = 51) of rural patients seeking medical attention because of clinical symptoms of hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly, 52% were HBsAg positive. Of the 88 liver cancer biopsies examined from an urban population, 78 (86.6%) were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases occurring mostly among 41 – 60 year old people, with the remaining being cholangiosarcomas (9%) and hepatoblastomas (2%). More importantly 75% of the HCC cases were HBsAg positive. Among the urban liver cancer cases, there was a male: female ratio of 5:2, which was also reflected by the high number of HBsAgpositive rural cases of patients with hepatomegaly. Taken together, these results indicate a greater than 5:2 association between HCC and HBV infection, and a higher prevalence of HBV exposure in males than females.
An assessment of pharmacy students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward oral health: An exploratory study

Background: Community pharmacies are now frequently being visited by customers/patients to seek oral advice. Malaysian community pharmacists are also found to be experiencing an increased demand of oral health advices by their visiting customers. Aims/Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the final year Bachelor of Pharmacy students in a private university toward oral health, as these students will be the future pharmacists. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among final year undergraduate pharmacy students by using self-administered questionnaire. It was conducted as a classroom survey. Raosoft software was used to determine the minimum required sample size. Results: The demographic distribution of the respondents was separated into gender, ethnicity, and state of origin. Over 83.8% of the participants were females, with Chinese ethnicity dominating (78.4%) compared to others, and the distribution showed 11 different states of origin. Conclusions: This research finding shows that pharmacy students have positive attitude toward oral health despite having poor knowledge and mediocre practice principles regarding oral health.
Medication Responsiveness of Motor Symptoms in a Population-Based Study of Parkinson Disease

We assessed degree of Parkinson disease motor symptom improvement with medication among subjects enrolled in an ongoing, population-based study in Central California. The motor section of the unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS) was performed on subjects in both OFF and ON medication states, and difference between these scores was used as an indicator of symptomatic benefit. Higher OFF minus ON scores correlated with more severe baseline symptoms. There was equivalent improvement on the motor UPDRS scale for subjects divided according to medication classes used: levodopa alone 7.3 points, levodopa plus other medications 8.5 points, and dopamine agonists but not levodopa 6.1 points. In addition, there was no difference in the magnitude of improvement when subjects were divided according to Parkinson disease subtype, defined as tremor dominant, akinetic-rigid, or mixed. In this community-based sample, these values are within the range of a clinically important difference as defined by previous studies.
Electrical stimulation of the vagus increases extracellular glutamate recovered from the nucleus tractus solitarii of the cat by in vivo microdialysis

Release of glutamate into the extracellular space of the cat nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) was measured by in vivo microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography. Perfusion of the probe with 100 mM potassium increased glutamate release by 211% (P < 0.001), while electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus increased release by 53% (P < 0.01). These results are compatible with the hypothesis that glutamate is a neurotransmitter released by vagal afferent nerve terminals in the NTS.
The Superior Colliculus : New Approaches for Studying Sensorimotor Integration

Presenting information amassed from more than 30 years of research, this book gathers together the most important pieces of evidence regarding the structure and function of the superior colliculus. It explores the involvement of the superior colliculus in the control of gaze shift and rapid eye movements and provides a detailed discussion of structural features as they relate to functional properties. Placing empirical data in the context of theory, the editors use computational models of the superior colliculus as scaffolds around which to organize psychophysical, neurological, anatomical, and physiological findings concerning its involvement in orienting movements.
Control of SiC-based dual active bridge in high power three phase on-board charger of EVs

This paper presents a control algorithm of active power flow between traction battery and grid in a dual active bridge converter (DAB). Here, DAB is a part of a three phase 10kW bidirectional on-board charger in electric vehicles (EVs). It is an isolated interface to the battery placed after a three phase power factor correction (PFC) stage. 1200V rated SiC JFETs in the H-bridge at the DC link side of DAB enable operation at high voltage values of the DC link (above 500V) with high switching frequencies in the range from 50 to 150 kHz. Both high converter efficiency and simplified, compact converter design can be achieved thanks to the application of these wide band gap (WBG) devices. Furthermore, the control algorithm is presented to achieve the fast reference tracking even in the case when, due to simplicity of sensing, only average values of currents of both battery and DC link are being regulated.
Filter design for simultaneous localization and map building (SLAM)

This paper deals with the fusion of random variables when cross covariances are unknown. This is a vital problem in nearly every real world application since cross covariances are often impossible to obtain, but also cannot be ignored. We provide a rigorous derivation of the fusion equations which are also known as covariance intersection. This approach allows one to derive an iterative scheme for simultaneous mapping and localization. The algorithm can also be used for multi-robot explorations where highly correlated decentralized maps have to be fused to form a consistent global map. We show the mapping and localization results based on dense laser range scans.
The energy-momentum tensor for the linearized Maxwell-Vlasov and kinetic guiding center theories

A modified Hamilton–Jacobi formalism is introduced as a tool to obtain the energy‐momentum and angular‐momentum tensors for any kind of nonlinear or linearized Maxwell‐collisionless kinetic theories. The emphasis is on linearized theories, for which these tensors are derived for the first time. The kinetic theories treated—which need not be the same for all particle species in a plasma—are the Vlasov and kinetic guiding center theories. The Hamiltonian for the guiding center motion is taken in the form resulting from Dirac’s constraint theory for nonstandard Lagrangian systems. As an example of the Maxwell‐kinetic guiding center theory, the second‐order energy for a perturbed homogeneous magnetized plasma is calculated with initially vanishing field perturbations. The expression obtained is compared with the corresponding one of Maxwell–Vlasov theory.
Turning the Soul: Teaching through Conversation in the High School

Is our nation's educational system faltering in part because it strives to teach students predetermined "right" answers to questions? In "Turning the Soul," Sophie Haroutunian-Gordon offers and alternative to methods advocated by conventional educational practice. By guiding the reader back and forth between two high school classes discussing Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet," she gracefully introduces the alternative approach to education: interpretive discussion. One class, located in a private, racially integrated urban school, has had many conversations about the meaning of books. The second group, less advantaged students in a largely black urban school, has not. The reader watches as students in each group begin to draw upon experiences in their personal lives to speculate about events in the play. The students assist one another with the interpretation of complex passages, pose queries that help sustain the conversation, and struggle to "get Shakespeare right. " Though the teachers suffer moments of intense frustration, they are rewarded by seeing their students learn to engage in meaningful exchange. Because "Turning the Soul" draws on actual classroom conversations, it presents the range of difficulties that one encounters in interpretive discussion. The book describes the assumptions about learning that the use of such discussion in the classroom presupposes, and it offers a theoretical perspective from which to view the changes in both students and teachers.