Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Macroporous Resin Extract of Dendrobium officinale Leaves in Rats with Hyperuricemia Induced by Anthropomorphic Unhealthy Lifestyle

Aim Hyperuricemia (HUA) has received increased attention in the last few decades due to its global prevalence. Our previous study found that administration of a macroporous resin extract of Dendrobium officinale leaves (DoMRE) to rats with HUA that was induced by exposure to potassium oxazine combined with fructose and a high-purine diet led to a significant reduction in serum uric acid (SUA) levels. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of DoMRE on hyperuricemia induced by anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle and to elucidate its possible mechanisms of action. Methods Dosages (5.0 and 10.0 g/kg/day) of DoMRE were administered to rats daily after induction of HUA by anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle for 12 weeks. The levels of UA in the serum, urine, and feces; the levels of creatinine (Cr) in the serum and urine; and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were all measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the serum, liver, and intestine tissue supernatant were measured using appropriate kits for each biological target. The expressions levels of UA transporters (ABCG2 and GLUT9), tight junction (TJ) proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the intestine were assayed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess histological changes in the renal and intestinal tissues. Results DoMRE treatment significantly reduced SUA levels and concomitantly increased fecal UA (FUA) levels and the fractional excretion of UA (FEUA) in HUA rats. Furthermore, DoMRE significantly reduced both the XOD activity in the serum, liver, and intestine and the ADA activity in the liver and intestine. DoMRE also effectively regulated the expression of GLUT9 and ABCG2 in the intestine, and it significantly upregulated the expression of the intestinal TJ proteins ZO-1 and occludin. Therefore, DoMRE reduced the damage to the intestinal barrier function caused by the increased production of inflammatory factors due to HUA to ensure normal intestinal UA excretion. Conclusion DoMRE demonstrated anti-HUA effects in the HUA rat model induced by an anthropomorphic unhealthy lifestyle, and the molecular mechanism appeared to involve the regulation of urate transport-related transporters (ABCG2 and GLUT9) in the intestine, protection of the intestinal barrier function to promote UA excretion, and inhibition of XOD and ADA activity in the liver and intestine to inhibit UA production in the HUA-induced rats.
Nucleation in the atmosphere

Small particles play major roles in modulating radiative and hydrological fluxes in the atmosphere and thus they impact both climate (IPCC 2007) and weather. Most atmospheric particles outside clouds are created in situ through nucleation from gas phase precursors and most ice particles within clouds are formed by nucleation, usually from the liquid. Thus, the nucleation process is of great significance in the Earth's atmosphere. The theoretical examination of nucleation in the atmosphere has been based mostly on classical nucleation theory. While diagnostically very useful, the prognostic skill demonstrated by this approach has been marginal. Microscopic approaches such as molecular dynamics and density functional theory have also proven useful in elucidating various aspects of the process but are not yet sufficiently refined to offer a significant prognostic advantage to the classical approach, due primarily to the heteromolecular nature of atmospheric nucleation. An important aspect of the nucleation process in the atmosphere is that the degree of metastability of the parent phase for the nucleation is modulated by a number of atmospheric processes such as condensation onto pre-existing particles, updraft velocities that are the main driving force for supersaturation of water (a major factor in all atmospheric nucleation), and photochemical production rates of nucleation precursors. Hence, atmospheric nucleation is both temporally and spatially inhomogeneous.
A proof of the isosystolic inequality for the Klein bottle

We give a simple proof of the isosystolic inequality for the Klein bottle, which was first obtained by C. Bavard. For a smooth riemannian metric g on the Klein bottle K we consider the metric invariant Sys Ar(g): = Area(K, g)/ sys2 (K, g), where sys(K, g) denotes the infimum of the g-length of homotopically nontrivial closed curves on K. Then C. Bavard obtained the following remarkable inequality. THEOREM [1]. SysAr(g) > 22/7r, where the equality holds for the metric of positive constant curvature with singularities. Bavard used the result of Pu [3] on the geometry of the M6bius band. On the other hand there is also a paper by C. Blatter on the geometry of the Mobius band, and in this note I would like to point out that the above theorem follows directly from the Blatter results. First, we recall the results of Blatter: Let S2 C R3 be the unit sphere and (X9, o) be the Fermi coordinates with respect to the equator S1. Namely for m E S2\{north and south poles} we put 19(m) := dists2(M, S1) and o(m) denotes the angular coordinate of the footpoint p(m) of m on S1 with dists2(M,p(m)) = dists2(m,S'). Now we consider the zone Z,s:= {m E S2; t9(nM)I 2/7r sin90, where the equality holds if p is equal to a constant. (2) Area(M, g)/l(g)l* (g) > sin 90/o90 if 0 < d90 < (3, where 0 < (3 < 7r/2 is given by tan ( = 20. The equality holds iff p is equal to a constant. Received by the editors October 20, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 53C25.
Improvements of the performance of triple hot wire probes

Two specific problems associated with a triple hot wire probe are discussed and analyzed here, namely, the problem of nonorthogonality of the three wires and the variation of the directional sensitivity coefficients k2 and h2 with the pitch and yaw angles. Both problems can cause significant errors in the measured turbulence quantities. In particular, v2 and w2 can be drastically affected. The present results confirm that v2 and w2 can be measured rather inaccurately with a triple wire, if ‘‘overall’’ values of k2 and h2 are used, where ‘‘overall’’ denotes a mean integral value over a wide range of angles. It was found here that if these coefficients, in particular h2, are left to vary with the angles, v2 and w2 can be measured more accurately. It is strongly recommended to take this effect into account when high‐velocity fluctuations are expected. Two numerical schemes have been proposed as remedies to these problems. They were found to work effectively although the data processing time is signifi.
ℋ2 reset controller design for linear systems using piecewise quadratic Lyapunov functions

This study presents reset controller design conditions for multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) linear systems in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The design conditions were developed using a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function (PWQLF), leading to less conservative conditions than using a common Lyapunov function. Achieving LMI relaxation of the PWQLF‐based reset controller design conditions for MIMO linear systems is challenging because (1) dividing the flow set of the reset condition is highly complex, (2) equality constraints, which make the PWQLF continuous on the boundaries between adjacent flow sets, prevent the use of congruence transformation in matrix inequalities, and (3) indefiniteness of the matrices for regional constraints also makes it difficult to apply standard LMI relaxation techniques. To overcome these difficulties, this study introduces a two‐dimensional projection of the plant's output measurements and reset controller's states to construct a reset condition, allowing the PWQLF to be tractable in MIMO linear systems. Then, a new stability analysis condition is derived using the elimination lemma, overcoming the challenges in LMI relaxation of the controller design attributed to the equality constraints and indefinite matrices. An LMI‐based reset controller design condition is then proposed based on the proposed stability analysis. To account for transient behavior, ℋ2$$ {\mathscr{H}}_2 $$ tracking reset controller design problem is addressed. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Relativistic coupled cluster theory based on the no-pair dirac–coulomb–breit hamiltonian: Relativistic pair correlation energies of the xe atom

Relativistic pair correlation energies of Xe were computed by employing a recently developed relativistic coupled cluster theory based on the no-pair Dirac–Coulomb–Breit Hamiltonian. The matrix Dirac–Fock–Breit SCF and relativistic coupled cluster calculations were performed by means of expansion in basis sets of well-tempered Gaussian spinors. A detailed study of the pair correlation energies in Xe is performed, in order to investigate the effects of the low-frequency Breit interaction on the correlation energies of Xe. Nonadditivity of correlation and relativistic (particularly Breit) effects is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three-dimensional Coherent Transfer Function in Reflection-mode Confocal Microscopy Using Annular Lenses

Abstract The three-dimensional (3D) coherent transfer function (CTF) in a reflection-mode confocal scanning microscope using two equal annular lenses has been derived analytically under the paraxial approximation. This analytic 3D CTF is then generalized to a confocal system using optical fibres as an illumination source and a signal collector. Various 3D- and two-dimensional (2D) numerical plots are presented to reveal the dependence of the 3D CTF on the size of the central obstruction and on the fibre spot size. As expected, using annular lenses may result in improved transverse resolution but poorer axial resolution compared with those for circular lenses, and using optical fibres of finite cross-section may result in degraded resolution in both axial and transverse directions. The relationship of the 3D CTF to the 2D in-focus CTF is discussed.
Genomic Analysis of Carbapenemase-Producing Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Reveals the Horizontal Spread of p18-43_01 Plasmid Encoding blaNDM-1 in South Africa

Whole-genome sequence (WGS) analyses were employed to investigate the genomic epidemiology of extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, focusing on the carbapenem resistance-encoding determinants, mobile genetic support, clonal and epidemiological relationships. A total of ten isolates were obtained from patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a public hospital in South Africa. Five isolates were from rectal swabs of colonized patients and five from blood cultures of patients with invasive carbapenem-resistant infections. Following microbial identification and antibiotic susceptibility tests, the isolates were subjected to WGS on the Illumina MiSeq platform. All the isolates showed genotypic resistance to tested β-lactams (NDM-1, OXA-1, CTX-M-15, TEM-1B, SHV-1) and other antibiotics. All but one isolate belonged to the ST152 with a novel sequence type, ST3136, differing by a single-locus variant. The isolates had the same plasmid multilocus sequence type (IncF[K12:A-:B36]) and capsular serotype (KL149), supporting the epidemiological linkage between the clones. Resistance to carbapenems in the 10 isolates was conferred by the blaNDM-1 mediated by the acquisition of multi-replicon [ColRNAI, IncFIB(pB171), Col440I, IncFII, IncFIB(K) and IncFII(Yp)] p18-43_01 plasmid. These findings suggest that the acquisition of blaNDM-1-bearing plasmid structure (p18-43_01), horizontal transfer and clonal dissemination facilitate the spread of carbapenemases in South Africa. This emphasizes the importance of targeted infection control measures to prevent dissemination.
Effective Dielectric Constant, Permeability, and Conductivity of a Random Medium and the Velocity and Attenuation Coefficient of Coherent Waves

Random media are considered in which the dielectric constant, permeability, and conductivity are random functions of position. For them, the average electric field, electric current, dielectric displacement, magnetic field, and magnetic induction are determined, assuming that these average quantities are time‐harmonic plane waves. The proportionality factors between appropriate pairs of these quantities are found and defined to be the effective dielectric constant, permeability, and conductivity of the random medium. These effective parameters depend upon the frequency and propagation constant of the field in addition to the two‐point auto‐ and cross‐correlation functions of the random dielectric constant, permeability, and conductivity. For transverse fields thay are all scalars. In addition the dispersion equation for the propagation constant of the average or coherent field, derived previously, is analyzed and solved for high‐ and low‐frequency fields. From the propagation constant, the phase velocity .
RECLAIM: Renewable Energy Based Demand-Side Management Using Machine Learning Models

The diesel generators sets (DGs) and battery storage systems (BSS) are the essential energy sources in a modern high-rise buildings. In this paper DG, BSS and Photovoltaic system (PV) has been considered to minimize the grid power injection using a centralized Energy Management System (EMS). Machine Learning (ML) techniques are used to predict the performance of various regression models by comparing grid power and load curves. It includes Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Wide Neural Network (WNN), Linear Regression (LR), Linear Regression Interaction (LR-I), Linear Regression Stepwise (LR-S), Regression Fine Tree (RF-T), Regression Coarse Tree (RC-T) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) based techniques. The Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques such as peak shaving and valley filling is integrated with ML technique in a Hybrid energy source (HS) system.The comparative analysis of results depicts the effective reshaping of the grid profile without scheduling or disconnecting the loads. Matlab simulation software is used to validate the results.
Skin Lesion Analysis and Cancer Detection Based on Machine/Deep Learning Techniques: A Comprehensive Survey

The skin is the human body’s largest organ and its cancer is considered among the most dangerous kinds of cancer. Various pathological variations in the human body can cause abnormal cell growth due to genetic disorders. These changes in human skin cells are very dangerous. Skin cancer slowly develops over further parts of the body and because of the high mortality rate of skin cancer, early diagnosis is essential. The visual checkup and the manual examination of the skin lesions are very tricky for the determination of skin cancer. Considering these concerns, numerous early recognition approaches have been proposed for skin cancer. With the fast progression in computer-aided diagnosis systems, a variety of deep learning, machine learning, and computer vision approaches were merged for the determination of medical samples and uncommon skin lesion samples. This research provides an extensive literature review of the methodologies, techniques, and approaches applied for the examination of skin lesions to date. This survey includes preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, selection, and classification approaches for skin cancer recognition. The results of these approaches are very impressive but still, some challenges occur in the analysis of skin lesions because of complex and rare features. Hence, the main objective is to examine the existing techniques utilized in the discovery of skin cancer by finding the obstacle that helps researchers contribute to future research.
Very High Energy Gamma Rays from Young Pulsars and Supernova Remnants in the Southern Hemisphere

Observations have been made with the University of Durham Mark 6 telescope of a number of southern hemisphere supernova remnants and young pulsars (Vela pulsar, PSR B1055-52, PSR J1105-6107, PSR J0537-6910, and PSR B0540-69). No very high energy gamma-ray emission, either steady or pulsed, has been detected from these objects. The implications of these results for theories of high-energy gamma-ray production in plerions and young pulsars are discussed.
Numerical study of pulsatile channel flows undergoing transition triggered by a modelled stenosis

In this research, we numerically investigate the physics of pulsatile flows confined within a 3-dimensional channel with a modelled stenosis formed eccentrically on the upper wall using the method of large-eddy simulation (LES). An advanced dynamic nonlinear subgrid-scale stress model was utilized to conduct numerical simulations and its predictive performance was examined in comparison with that of the conventional dynamic model. The Womersley number tested in the simulation was fixed at 10.5 and the Reynolds numbers tested were set to 750 and 2000, which are characteristics of human blood flows in large arteries. An in-house LES code, based on curvilinear Cartesian coordinates, has been developed to conduct the unsteady numerical simulations using three different grid systems. The physical characteristics of the flow field have been studied in terms of the resolved mean velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, viscous wall shear stress, resolved and subgrid-scale turbulent shear stresses, local kinetic ener.
Improvement to silver superlens performance through narrowband exposure

A performance enhancement to planar lens lithography (PLL) through the use of i-line narrowband exposures has been investigated. Experimental results show that for a 50nm silver layer the image fidelity of narrowband exposures out performs broadband exposures. This is due to the removal of off-plasmonic-resonance wavelengths, which cause unwanted background exposure and a loss of image fidelity. Dense gratings have been resolved down to 145nm periods, as well as line-pairs down to separation distances of 117nm. These results out perform the diffraction-limits that restrict traditional optical-system resolution limits.
Infinite Dimensional Linear Systems with Unbounded Control and Observation: A Functional Analytic Approach.

Abstract : The object of these notes is to develop a unifying framework for the functional analytic representation of infinite dimensional linear systems with unbounded input and output operators. On the basis of the general approach new results are derived on the wellposedness of feedback systems and on the linear quadratic control problem. The implications of the theory for large classes of functional and partial differential equations are discussed in detail. Keywords: Representation of infinite dimensional systems, semigroups, boundary control, feedback, linear quadratic control.
Updates on HPV Vaccination

Cervical cancer still poses a significant global challenge. Developed countries have mitigated this challenge by the introduction of structured screening programmes and, more recently, the HPV vaccine. Countries that have successfully introduced national HPV vaccination programmes are on course for cervical cancer elimination in a few decades. In developing countries that lack structured screening and HPV vaccination programmes, cervical cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The HPV vaccine is key to addressing the disproportionate distribution of cervical cancer incidence, with much to be gained from increasing vaccine coverage and uptake globally. This review covers the history and science of the HPV vaccine, its efficacy, effectiveness and safety, and some of the considerations and challenges posed to the achievement of global HPV vaccination coverage and the consequent elimination of cervical cancer.
Functional Endophytes Regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism: Current Status, Prospects and Applications

Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants’ resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.
TASI Lectures on Non-BPS D-Brane Systems

In this set of lectures various properties of D-branes are discussed. After reviewing the basics, we discuss unstable D-brane/anti-D-brane systems, a subject pioneered by Sen. Following him, we discuss the construction of the non-BPS D0-brane in type I theory. This state is stable since it carries a conserved Z_2 charge. The general classification of D-brane charges using K-theory is discussed. The results for the type I theory, and the T-dual type I' theory, are emphasized. Compactification of type I on a circle or torus gives a theory with 16 supersymmetries in 9d or 8d. In each case the moduli space has three branches. The spectrum of non-BPS D-branes are different for each of these branches. We conclude by pointing out some problems with the type I D7-brane and D8-brane predicted by K-theory.
HPC+ in the medical field: Overview and current examples

BACKGROUND: To say data is revolutionising the medical sector would be a vast understatement. The amount of medical data available today is unprecedented and has the potential to enable to date unseen forms of healthcare. To process this huge amount of data, an equally huge amount of computing power is required, which cannot be provided by regular desktop computers. These areas can be (and already are) supported by High-Performance-Computing (HPC), High-Performance Data Analytics (HPDA), and AI (together “HPC+”). OBJECTIVE: This overview article aims to show state-of-the-art examples of studies supported by the National Competence Centres (NCCs) in HPC+ within the EuroCC project, employing HPC, HPDA and AI for medical applications. METHOD: The included studies on different applications of HPC in the medical sector were sourced from the National Competence Centres in HPC and compiled into an overview article. Methods include the application of HPC+ for medical image processing, high-performance medical and pharmaceutical data analytics, an application for pediatric dosimetry, and a cloud-based HPC platform to support systemic pulmonary shunting procedures. RESULTS: This article showcases state-of-the-art applications and large-scale data analytics in the medical sector employing HPC+ within surgery, medical image processing in diagnostics, nutritional support of patients in hospitals, treating congenital heart diseases in children, and within basic research. CONCLUSION: HPC+ support scientific fields from research to industrial applications in the medical area, enabling researchers to run faster and more complex calculations, simulations and data analyses for the direct benefit of patients, doctors, clinicians and as an accelerator for medical research.