Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Out of Work

Out of Work chronicles the history of unemployment in the United States. It traces the evolution of the problem of joblessness from the early decades of the nineteenth-century to the Great Depression of the 1930s. Challenging the widely held notion that the United States was a labour-scarce society in which jobs were plentiful, it argues that unemployment played a major role in American history long before the crash of the stock market in 1929. Focusing on the state of Massachusetts, Professor Kevssar analyses the economic and social changes that gave birth to the prevalent concept of unemployment. Drawing on previously untapped sources - including richly detailed statistics and vivid verbatim testimony - he demonstrates that joblessness was a pervasive feature of working-class life from the 1870s to the 1920s. The book describes the ingenious, yet quite costly, strategies that unemployed workers devised to cope with the joblessness in the absence of formal governmental assistance. It also explores the many dimensions of working-class life that were profoundly affected by recurrent layoffs and the chronic uncertainty of work. Finally, it demonstrates that the fundamental contours of the Massachusetts experience were repeated, sooner or later, throughout the United States.
Learning 3D object recognition strategies

The problem of automatically learning knowledge-directed control strategies is considered. In particular, the authors address the problem of learning object-specific recognition strategies from object descriptions and sets of interpreted training images. A separate recognition strategy is developed for every object in the domain. The goal of each recognition strategy is to identify any and all instances of the object in an image, and give the 3-D position (relative to the camera) of each instance. The goal of the learning process is to build a strategy that minimizes the expected cost of recognition, subject to accuracy constraints imposed by the user. <<ETX>>
From software threads to parallel hardware in high-level synthesis for FPGAs

We describe the support within high-level hardware synthesis (HLS) for two standard software parallelization paradigms: Pthreads and OpenMP. Parallel code segments, as specified in the software, are automatically synthesized by our HLS tool into parallel-operating hardware sub-circuits. Both data parallelism and task-level parallelism are supported, as is the combined use of both Pthreads and OpenMP. Moreover, our work also provides automated synthesis for commonly occurring synchronization constructs within the Pthreads/OpenMP library: mutual exclusion (mutex) and barriers. Essentially, our framework allows a software engineer to specify parallelism to an HLS tool using methodologies they are likely to be familiar with. An experimental study considers a variety of parallelization scenarios, including demonstrated speedups of up to 12.9× in circuit wall-clock time for the 16-thread case and area-delay product as low as 12% (~8× improvement) when using 4 pipelined hardware threads.
Essentialist Beliefs About Homosexuality: Structure and Implications for Prejudice - A Replication of Haslam and Levy, 2006

Except where reference is made to the work of others, the work described in this thesis is my own or was done in collaboration with my advisory committee. This thesis does not include proprietary or classified information. Permission is granted to Auburn University to make copies of this thesis at its discretion, upon request of individuals or institutions and at their expense. The author reserves all publication rights. Past studies have indicated that essentialist beliefs are associated with prejudicial attitudes. In this study, 300 Auburn University undergraduates responded to measures assessing the degree to which participants ascribed to essentialist beliefs about homosexuals, their attitudes toward homosexuals, and their degree of religious fundamentalism. Results indicated that there are three factors comprising essentialist beliefs about homosexuals. In addition, two of these factors showed a negative correlation with antigay attitudes while the third factor was positively correlated with antigay attitudes. Essentialist beliefs accounted for variance in antigay attitudes beyond that accounted for by religious fundamentalism. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Improved Oil Slick Detection and Classification with Polarimetric SAR

A study on the potential of space-borne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery for an improved detection and classification of oil spills is presented. An image data set consisting of five SIR-C/X-SAR acquisitions over the North Sea, English Channel, and Southern Italy is used. Results show that two land surface roughness indicators (i.e., the circular polarization coherence (CPC) and the polarimetric anisotropy) can also be used to identify oil spills both in L and C-Band imagery. The polarimetric anisotropy is shown to be a quite robust indicator of oil slicks on the sea surface.
STAT3‐dependent effects of IL‐22 in human keratinocytes are counterregulated by sirtuin 1 through a direct inhibition of STAT3 acetylation

IL‐22 has a pathogenetic role in psoriasis, where it is responsible for the altered proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes and induces inflammatory molecules. The IL‐22‐induced effects are mediated by STAT3, whose activity is proportional to acetylation in lysine (Lys)685 and phosphorylation in tyrosine (Tyr)705. Lys 685 acetylation of STAT3 is inhibited by sirtuin (SIRT)1, a class III deacetylase promoting keratinocyte differentiation. Due to the opposite effects of IL‐22 and SIRT1, we investigated whether IL‐22‐induced effects in keratinocytes could be regulated by SIRT1 through control of STAT3. We found that SIRT1 opposes the IL‐22‐induced STAT3 activity by deacetylating STAT3 and reducing STAT3 Tyr705 phosphorylation. By controlling STAT3, SIRT1 also influences the IL‐22‐induced expression of molecules involved in proliferation and inflammation as well as proliferation and migration processes in cultured keratinocytes. Although SIRT1 levels were similar in keratinocytes of healthy individuals and patients with psoriasis, they were reduced in psoriatic skin lesions, with the lymphokine IFN‐γ inhibiting SIRT1 expression. Concomitantly, IFN‐γ enhanced basal acetylation of STAT3 and its phosphorylation induced by IL‐22. In conclusion, STAT3‐dependent IL‐22 signaling and effects in keratinocytes are negatively regulated by SIRT1. In skin affected by psoriasis, SIRT1 is down‐regulated by IFN‐y, which thus renders psoriatic keratinocytes more prone to respond to IL‐22. —Sestito, R. , Madonna, S. , Scarponi, C. , Cianfarani, F. , Failla, C. M. , Cavani, A. , Girolomoni, G. , Albanesi, C. STAT3‐dependent effects of IL‐22 in human keratinocytes are counterregulated by sirtuin 1 through a direct inhibition of STAT3 acetylation. FASEB J. 25, 916–927 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Disruption of Mitochondrial Networks by the Human Cytomegalovirus UL37 Gene Product Viral Mitochondrion-Localized Inhibitor of Apoptosis

ABSTRACT By 24 h after infection with human cytomegalovirus, the reticular mitochondrial network characteristic of uninfected fibroblasts was disrupted as mitochondria became punctate and dispersed. These alterations were associated with expression of the immediate-early (α) antiapoptotic UL37x1 gene product viral mitochondrion-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA). Similar alterations in mitochondrial morphology were induced directly by vMIA in transfected cells. A 68-amino-acid antiapoptotic derivative of vMIA containing the mitochondrial localization and antiapoptotic domains also induced disruption, whereas a mutant lacking the antiapoptotic domain failed to cause disruption. These data suggest that the fission and/or fusion process that normally controls mitochondrial networks is altered by vMIA. Mitochondrial fission has been implicated in the induction of apoptosis and vMIA-mediated inhibition of apoptosis may occur subsequent to this event.
EL ÚLTIMO ALIENTO: UNA FENOMENOLOGÍA SOBRE SER MADRE SOLTERA The last breath: A phenomenology of becoming an unmarried mother

This is a report of a qualitative research focused in the experience of becoming unmarried mothers from the perspective of mothers in this condition. The research was carried out using a phenomenological method for the data analysis. Information was obtained through interviews to women who were pregnant while they were students. The role that carries out the family and the social group in general in the construction of women’s experience of becoming unma
From Models to Webapps

In conducting IT projects or project web in particular, before starting the development of the final application we often make use of mockup (design) and/or prototype (functional). We propose in this paper a model-based approach to build rapidly webapps prototypes. Simple, flexible, and as general as possible, we developed a tool that can easily be specialized/customized to use cases for pilot projects and/or becoming prototypes or mini-applications.
The effects of fatigue on vigilance in sailing

The E f f e c t s of Fa t igue on V i g i l a n c e i n S a i l i n g . Twelve male s u b j e c t s were t e s t e d to determine i f i n c r e a s i n g amounts o f p h y s i c a l f a t i g u e are r e l a t e d to the a t t e n t i o n paid t o s a i l t r i m dur ing s a i l i n g . A s a i l i n g s i m u l a t o r was used t o determine i f f a t i g u e , e i t h e r mental or p h y s i c a l , caused v i g i l a n c e ; t o vary wh i le the sub jec t was s i t t i n g on the s i d e deck, h i k i n g or h i k i n g with weight . Each sub jec t responded to fi5 w i n d s h i f t s by a d j u s t i n g the main sheet to p rov ide proper s a i l t r i m f o r th ree separate s e s s i o n s , each one being f i f t e e n minutes l o n g . T e l l t a l e d e f l e c t i o n was v ideotaped to p rov ide a v i g i l a n c e score wi th d e f l e c t i o n t ime s t a r t i n g when t h e . t e l l t a l e s l i f t e d and ending when adjustment of the s a i l s topped. F ive f i t n e s s t e s t s , number of s i t u p s i n cne minute , percent body f a t , i s o m e t r i c s t r e n g t h i n the h i k i n g p o s i t i o n , i s o m e t r i c endurance . i n the h i k i n g p o s i t i o n and maximum oxygen uptake were a d m i n i s t e r e d on a separate day to determine i f f i t n e s s scores were r e l a t e d to v i g i l a n c e c a p a c i t y . I t was found t h a t n e i t h e r mental nor p h y s i c a l f a t i g u e caused a decrease i n v i g i l a n c e . over the f i f t e e n minute t e s t s e s s i o n . There was a l e a r n i n g e f f e c t a s s o c i a t e d wi th the apparatus as mean v i g i l a n c e score f o r each s u c c e s s i v e s a i l i n g s i m u l a t o r s e s s i o n decreased r e g a r d l e s s of the t reatment used . Only one o i the p h y s i c a l f i t n e s s t e s t s was r e l a t e d to v i g i l a n c e c a p a c i t y as maximum oxygen uptake va lues were i n v e r s e l y c o r r e l a t e d with mean v i g i l a n c e s c o r e s . , Sub jec ts wi th h igh ae rob ic c a p a c i t y were f a s t e r a t responding to w i n d s h i f t s , thus suppor t ing the use of a l a r g e a e r o b i c component i n dry l a n d f i t n e s s programs.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-resistant Shigella flexneri in northeastern Brazil

In contrast to prior experience in northeastern Brazil, three of four Shigella flexneri strains recently isolated from patients with acute inflammatory diarrhea in this setting were found to be resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The resistant strains contained large, different plasmids, two of which were transferred with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance to Escherichia coli K-12 recipient strains.
Essential functions and actin‐binding surfaces of yeast cofilin revealed by systematic mutagenesis

Cofilin stimulates actin filament turnover in vivo. The phenotypes of twenty yeast cofilin mutants generated by systematic mutagenesis were determined. Ten grew as well as the wild type and showed no cytoskeleton defects, seven were recessive‐lethal and three were conditional‐lethal and caused severe actin organization defects. Biochemical characterization of interactions between nine mutant yeast cofilins and yeast actin provided evidence that F‐actin binding and depolymerization are essential cofilin functions. Locating the mutated residues on the yeast cofilin molecular structure allowed several important conclusions to be drawn. First, residues required for actin monomer binding are proximal to each other. Secondly, additional residues are required for interactions with actin filaments; these residues might bind an adjacent subunit in the actin filament. Thirdly, despite striking structural similarity, cofilin interacts with actin in a different manner from gelsolin segment‐1. Fourthly, a previously unrecognized cofilin function or interaction is suggested by identification of spatially proximal residues important for cofilin function in vivo, but not for actin interactions in vitro. Finally, mutation of the cofilin N‐terminus suggests that its sequence is conserved because of its critical role in actin interactions, not because it is sometimes a target for protein kinases.
An Adaptive Scheme for Image-Based Visual servoing of an underactuated UAV

An image-based visual servoing (IBVS) method is proposed for controlling the 3D translational motion and the yaw rotation of a quadrotor. The dynamic model of this unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is considered at the design stage to account for its underactuation. In contrast with previous IBVS methods for underactuated UAVs, which used spherical image moments as visual features, the proposed controller makes use of appropriately defined perspective moments. As a consequence, we gain a clear improvement in performance, as satisfactory trajectories are obtained in both image and Cartesian space. In addition, an adaptation mechanism is included in the controller to achieve robust performance in spite of uncertainties related to the depth of the image features and to the dynamics of the robot. Simulation results in both nominal and perturbed conditions are presented to validate the proposed method.
Simulation and Performance analysis of Vertical Handoff between WiFi and WiMAX using Media Independent Handover Services

Next-generation wireless network is striving to integrate different wireless access networks leading to a new concept called vertical handoff. Vertical handoff occurs when mobile node moves between different technology networks. Designing intelligent vertical handoff algorithm is a most critical challenge for next generation network. Towards this as a first step, IEEE 802.21 working group proposed a standard called Media Independent Handover (MIH). The IEEE 802.21 MIH is focused on handover facilitation between different wireless networks in heterogeneous environment regardless of the type of medium. In order to simulate MIH standard, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed a add-on module compatible with ns2 version 2.29. In this paper we have presented a simulation result of vertical handoff between WiFi and WiMAX networks using IEEE 802.21 MIH standard. The simulation is carried out using ns2 simulator with NIST’s add-on module for IEEE 802.21 MIH standard. Performance of IEEE 802.21 MIH standard is analyzed in terms of throughput, handoff latency, packet drop and end to end delay.
Determination of the cytokine profile in American cutaneous leishmaniasis using the polymerase chain reaction

The lymphokine profiles were determined in the skin lesions of the three distinct clinical forms of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and primers for various lymphokines. The message for interferon‐gamma (IFN‐y). tumour necrosis factor‐beta (TNF–β) and IL‐8 was expressed in the three clinical forms of ACL. IL‐lβ inRNA was expressed in most localized (LCL) and mucoeutaneous (MCL) leishmaniasis. but in only few of the diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). IL‐2 mRNA was detected in about half of the lesions, with more prominent values for MCL. IL‐4 mRNA was present in most lesions from the three clinical forms, but markedly increased in DCL. IL‐5 and IL‐10 mRNAs were expressed in all MCL and in half of the DCL lesions and weakly expressed in LCL lesions. IL‐10 mRNA was more abundant in MCL lesions. In contrast. IL‐6 and TNF‐s mRNAs were expressed in a Iarge number of LCL. In MCL, IL‐6 mRNA was expressed in most cases and TNF–α mRNA in all the cases. In DCL. 11,–6 mRNA was absent and TNF–α mRNA was weakly expressed. These results suggest that most T cells present in the MCL and DCL lesions secrete a mixture of type 1 and type 2 cytokine patterns, but in DCL granulomas type 2 cytokines predominate. In LCL the cytokine patterns show a mixture of type l and type o with a preponderance of IFN–γ over IL‐4, and low levels of IL‐5 and IL‐10. The Iack of IL‐6 and TNF–α mRNAs, and the low expression of IL‐lβ in DCL lesions suggest a defect in the anligcn‐processing cells that may account for the state of unrcsponsiveness in these patients.
Market Analysis Using a Combination of Bayesian Networks and Description Logics

The work described in this paper was inspired by a problem increasingly vexatious to many businesses confronting the ever-diminishing life cycles of modern productsviz. , that of predicting characteristics (such as overall demand, segmentation, etc.) of markets facing new product introductions. A framework is proposed that allows the market parameters of new products to be derived by analogy with those of old ones. To do so, the framework combines the capabilities of Bayesian networks [14] and description logics [16]. The paper commences with an exposition of the problem that motivates the work. There follow brief descriptions of Bayesian networks and description logics in their unalloyed state, and a discussion of issues surrounding their combination. The combined system is presented, along with an account of its formal details and an inference procedure for entailment. A sample application of the framework is given. The paper concludes by comparing the proposed framework with related existing systems and by suggesting possible courses for future development.
Rotary inverted pendulum: trajectory tracking via nonlinear control techniques

The nonlinear control techniques are applied to the model of rotary inverted pendulum. The model has two degrees of freedom and is not exactly linearizable. The goal is to control output trajectory of the rotary inverted pendulum asymptotically along a desired reference. Moreover, the designed controller should be robust with respect to specified perturbations and parameters uncertainties. A combination of techniques based on nonlinear normal forms, output regulation and sliding mode approach is used here. As a specific feature, the approximate solution of the so-called regulator equation is used. The reason is that its exact analytic solution can not be, in general, expressed in the closed form. Though the approximate solution does not give asymptotically decaying tracking error, it provides reasonable bounded error. The performance of the designed feedback regulator is successfully tested via computer simulations.
The PigMix Benchmark on Pig, MapReduce, and HPCC Systems

Soon after Google published MapReduce, their paradigm for processing large amounts of data, the open-source world followed with the Hadoop ecosystem. Later on, Lexis Nexis, the company behind the world's largest database of legal documents, open-sourced its Big Data processing platform, called the High-Performance Computing Cluster (HPCC). This paper makes three contributions. First, we describe our additions and improvements to the Pig Mix benchmark, the set of queries originally written for Apache Pig, and the porting of Pig Mix to HPCC. Second, we compare the performance of queries written in Pig, Java MapReduce, and ECL. Last, we draw conclusions and issue recommendations for future system benchmarks and large-scale data-processing platforms.
Electron transfer reactions in chemistry. Theory and experiment

Since the late 1940s, the field of electron transfer processes has grown enormously, both in chemistry and biology. The development of the field, experimentally and theoretically, as well as its relation to the study of other kinds of chemical reactions, represents to us an intriguing history, one in which many threads have been brought together. In this lecture, some history, recent trends, and my own involvement in this research are described. The early experiments in the electron transfer field were on "isotopic exchange reactions" (self-exchange reactions) and, later, "cross reactions. " These experiments rejected two principal inAuences. One of these was the availability after the Second World War of many radioactive isotopes, which permitted the study of a large number of isotopic exchange electron transfer reactions, such as
Collaborative cognition: Co-creating children’s artwork in an educational context

Based on a wider research project which critiqued the centricity of cognitivism in research investigating children’s drawings this article explores the relationship between social interaction and materiality. Case studies are presented to systematically analyse a range of naturalistic data collected from art classes held in two Staffordshire primary schools. Use of a multi-level analysis demonstrates the ways in which materiality (space, tools, and materials) work as enabling constraints which shape discursive interaction. Concurrently, photographs of artwork created in the lesson examine how interaction guides the creation of material objects—child art. The analysis demonstrates that the creation of child art is not an individual endeavour and questions the assumption that artwork is a mirror to the child’s mind. Instead, it is inextricably bound to the discursive and material contexts it is created in. Thus, ethnography is presented as a useful tool for examining interactions between discursive and material practices.
Nitric Oxide Production and Mononuclear Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Malaria-Tolerant Papuan Adults

ABSTRACT Individuals living in regions of intense malaria transmission exhibit natural immunity that allows them to be without fever and other symptoms for most of the time despite frequent parasitization. Although this tolerance of parasitemia appears to be more effective in children than in adults (as evidenced by lower parasitemia fever thresholds with age), adults do exhibit a degree of tolerance but the mechanism(s) underlying this are unclear. Asymptomatic malaria-exposed children have higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) than children with severe disease, and NO has been proposed as a mediator of malarial tolerance. However, the ability of highly malaria-exposed asymptomatic adults to generate high-level basal NO is unknown, as is the relationship between NO and malaria tolerance in adults. The relationship between NO and malaria parasitemia was therefore determined in asymptomatic adults from Papua, Indonesia. Adults with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia had markedly increased basal systemic NO production relative to aparasitemic Papuan controls, who in turn produced more NO than healthy controls from a region without malaria. Immunoglobulin E levels were universally elevated in malaria-exposed Papuan subjects, suggesting that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis may be high and that nonmalarial infection may also contribute to high basal NO production. Basal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) NO synthase activity was elevated in Papuans but poorly correlated with systemic NO production, suggesting that NO production in this setting arises not only from PBMCs but also from other tissue and cellular sources. NO production was associated with and may contribute to malaria tolerance in Papuan adults.