Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding, multiple mating and foreign sexuals in the ant Cardiocondyla nigra (Hymenoptera

In the monogynous ant species Cardiocondyla nigra F OREL , 1905, wingless males mate with young female sexuals inside the nest. As a single mother queen produces all sexual offspring of a colony, mating is usually among siblings and a high level of inbreeding is expected. Despite of this, occasional outbreeding has been reported recently for two other monogynous species of the same monophyletic group and with the same mating system ("palearctic clade", O ETTLER & al. 2010, C. elegans E MERY , 1869: L ENOIR & al. 2007, C. batesii F OREL , 1894: S CHREMPF & al. 2005). Matings be-tween unrelated individuals appear to be promoted by the active transfer of virgin queens into alien nests in one of these species ( C. elegans : L ENOIR & al. 2007). In the present study, I investigated the colony and population structure of C. nigra in order to examine whether this phenomenon might also contribute to outbreeding in C. nigra . Data revealed that more than 90% of the queens are polyandrous, and that approximately 34% of the matings are not among siblings. Moreover, in one population, "foreign" female sexuals co-occurred with workers together within one nest chamber. Thus, the exchange of sexual offspring between ant colonies might sustain genetic diversity in monogynous Cardio-condyla species.
THE CONTENT OF OCHRATOXIN A IN MOLDAVIAN WINE PRODUCTS

The basic objective of this work is studying the content of ochratoxin A (OTA) in grapes, grape juice, and wine. This is an analysis of their origin, the conditions of contamination and ways decontamination, toxiconogenes mushrooms, toxicity, world and European regulations. It was estimated the methods of detection of mycotoxins in wine products. It has examined the contents of OTA in the moldavian juice/wine from different varietals at different stages of winemaking and obtained by different proceeds winemaking.
Results from FaME (Faecal Management Enterprises) - can dried faecal sludge fuel the sanitation service chain?

In Sub-Saharan Africa, sanitation needs for the majority of the urban population are met by onsite sanitation technologies. Cities grapple with management of faecal sludge (FS) once these technologies become full, while at the same time the urban economy is resource intensive. The FaME (Faecal Management Enterprises) project addressed both of these issues by identifying untapped markets for FS treatment products. Industries have a high fuel demand and FaME demonstrated that dried FS could be used as a solid combustible in industrial kilns. Existing treatment technologies were adapted for fuel production, and its application was demonstrated in two pilot kilns. Historically used as a soil conditioner, processing of FS to a solid biofuel could provide higher revenues, thereby providing a financial incentive for stakeholders to enhance FS management service along the entire sanitation chain.
How does bromeliad distribution structure the arboreal ant assemblage (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on a single tree in a Brazilian Atlantic forest agroecosystem?

Some tropical agro-forestry systems contribute to the maintenance of diverse vascular epiphytes. Due to high bromeliad density, they may resemble native Brazilian Atlantic forest canopies offering resources for organisms living at the top of the trees such as ants. The present study investigates the importance of epiphytes on trees planted to shade cocoa plantations as habitats for ants. The following hypotheses were tested: (I) The bromeliad structure and location (distance from the tree centre) in the canopy affect ant species richness; (II) epiphytes with suspended soil support higher ant species richness; (III) the composition of ant assemblages differs between bromeliads with and without suspended soil and also as a function of bromeliad size; (IV) epiphyte-dwelling ant species composition depend on the epiphyte genera and species. The study was carried out in March 2007, in a cocoa agro-forestry area froms the Cocoa Research Center, Ilhéus, state of Bahia, Brazil. On a single Erythrina tree, 47 ant species were collected in 36 out of the 52 bromeliad epiphytes sampled. The ant composition was strongly affected by the presence of suspended soils where many bromeliads root. We detected a significant negative correlation between location of the bromeliad and ant richness. The ant species richness and composition depended on the epiphyte size and the occurrence of suspended soil. These results stress the importance for biodiversity conservation in agroforestry systems of choosing shade trees that can accommodate epiphytes. This study demonstrates the remarkable diversity of ants associated with the epiphyte community of a single tree, in addition to the distinctive association between the different species of epiphytes, their physical characteristics, and their inhabiting ant fauna
Algebras and quantum games

Snapshots of modern mathematics from Oberwolfach provide exciting insights into current mathematical research. They are written by participants in the scientiﬁc program of the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach (MFO). The snapshot project is designed to promote the understanding and appreciation of modern mathematics and mathematical research in the interested public worldwide
Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Structures Affected by Reinforcement Corrosion

Durability of RC structures is a well known critical issue, since the deterioration of the materials may significantly compromise the structural performance. Experience shows that reinforcing steel corrosion is one of the major sources of degradation, increasing the structural vulnerability to extreme loads and natural hazards in terms of reduction of load bearing capacity and structural ductility, with noteworthy implications in seismic prone areas. To support decision makers with a better comprehension of the matter of safety assessment, the concept of risk management has recently become of great concern also in civil engineering, being already popular in other disciplines. A general approach has been developed within the IGC 802 to manage disaster risk and represents the backbone of this thesis, which is developed at two levels. At a omicroo level a new bond law is proposed to describe the degradation of the bond-slip behaviour due to corrosion. At a omacroo level the variation of the seismic response of a RC building affected by a carbonation attack respect to sound conditions is evaluated. In view of the high level of uncertainty involved, the research is carried out in a probabilistic context and, after performing sensitivity analyses, the structural risk is calculated as probability of occurrence of the hazards (earthquake and corrosion) times expected damage. The probability of corrosion initiation is derived from a detailed durability model, while the site-specific hazard maps are used to estimate the probability of an earthquake occurrence. Non linear static analyses are then performed to assess the expected damage in terms of reduction of structural ductility of the corroded building respect to the new one. Interestingly, if repeated at different time periods, the proposed methodology provides the risk trend over time for the considered construction, or alternatively it can be applied at a territory level to rank buildings in priority lists of intervention.
Zooming in on the development of psychotic experiences

Background: Psychotic disorders develop gradually along a continuum of severity. Understanding factors associated with psychosis development, such as sleep, could aid in identification of individuals at elevated risk. This study aimed to assess (1) the dynamic relationship between psychotic experiences (PEs) and sleep quality and quantity, and (2) whether this relationship differed between different clinical stages along the psychosis continuum. Methods: We used daily diary data (90 days) of individuals (N = 96) at early stages (i.e. before a first diagnosis of psychosis) along the psychosis continuum. Multilevel models were constructed with sleep quality and sleep quantity as predictors of PEs and vice versa. Post-hoc, we constructed a multilevel model with both sleep quality and quantity as predictors of PEs. In addition, we tested whether associations differed between clinical stages. Results: Within persons, poorer sleep predicted next day PEs (B = -.02, p = .01), but not vice versa. Between persons, shorter sleep over the 90-day period predicted more PEs (B= -.04, p = .002). Experiencing more PEs over 90-days predicted poorer (B = -.02, p = .02) and shorter (B = -1.06, p = .008) sleep. We did not find any significant moderation effects for clinical stage. Conclusions: We found a bidirectional relationship between sleep and PEs with daily fluctuations in sleep predicting next day PEs and general patterns of more PEs predicting poorer and shorter sleep. Our results highlight the importance of assessing sleep as a risk marker in the early clinical stages for psychosis.
Integrating Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Identify the Active Substances and Mechanisms of Chrysanthemum against Dry Eye

-Background: Dry eye is the most common ocular surface disease and is widely treated with chrysanthemum, an herbal medicine known for its anti-inflammatory mechanism. However, the active ingredients, potential targets, and pathways of chrysanthemum in treating dry eye have not been clearly identified. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the bioactive components and potential mechanism of chrysanthemum on dry eye using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Methods: We used the TCMSP database to search and screen the active ingredients of chrysanthemum and their related targets. Targets associated with dry eye were collected and screened using the Genecards database.
Corruption Robustness Analysis of Radar Micro-Doppler Classiﬁcation for Human Activity Recognition

Radar-based human activity recognition (HAR) is a popular research ﬁeld. Despite claims of high accuracy on self-collected datasets, the ability of these models to handle unexpected scenarios has been largely overlooked. This work introduces a framework for analyzing corruption robustness of radar micro-Doppler spectrogram classiﬁcation. A set of corruptions are categorized, applied, and systematically tested on common model architectures. Diverse training methods, including adversarial training, cadence velocity diagram (CVD) transformation and data augmentation, are explored. The performance is evaluated on two tasks: indoor HAR and continuous aquatic HAR. Our study unveils several insights. Firstly, relying solely on accuracy may not adequately assess model performance due to dataset limitations. All well-trained models exhibit sensitivity to corruptions. Secondly, deeper convolutional neural network (CNN) models excel in both accuracy and robustness, but confront the problem of overﬁtting to background. Thirdly, adversarial training enhances robustness against corruptions, albeit at the cost of a slight decrease in accuracy. Lastly, combining data augmentation and adversarial training achieves a balance between accuracy and robustness. In essence, our study contributes to a more profound understanding of the complex interplay between model architecture, classiﬁcation accuracy
A Survey of the Freshwater Mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) of the Niangua River Basin, Missouri

ABSTRACT During 2007 and 2008, we surveyed freshwater mussels with timed searches at 35 sites in the Niangua River basin, an Osage River tributary in west-central Missouri. Our objective was to determine the distribution, species richness, and abundance of freshwater mussels in the basin. We observed a total of 714 live individuals from 20 species, including the Missouri endemic and species of conservation concern Lampsilis brittsi. The mean catch per unit effort (live mussels/person-hour) was 12 with values ranging from 0 to 144. Eurynia dilatata was the most abundant species (387 individuals observed, relative abundance = 54.2%), but all other species were present at much lower numbers. Eurynia dilatata and Venustaconcha ellipsiformis were the most commonly encountered species, both occurring at 24 sites. Our observation of 20 species is lower than historical richness in the basin (32 species), and nearly all species were formerly more widely distributed in the basin based on the occurrence of weathered and subfossil shells. Together with low catch per unit effort at most sites, these data suggest a sharp decline in mussel populations throughout the basin over the last few decades. This decline is cause for concern, but the causes are unknown.
Imperfect chemical mimicry explains the imperfect social integration of the inquiline ant Ectatomma parasiticum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ectatomminae)

Inquilinism is an extreme form of social parasitism where the parasite permanently depends on its host. This parasitism is widespread among Formicinae and Myrmicinae ants but rare in other subfamilies, like Ectatomminae where Ectatomma parasiticum F EITOSA & F RESNEAU , 2008 is the sole inquiline described so far. This species is genetically and morphologically very similar to its host, E. tuberculatum (O LIVIER , 1792), and uses its worker force to produce exclusively sexuals. During their life cycle, E. parasiticum queens enter into established host colonies and cohabit with the resident queens over an extended period of time. However, previous experiments in the laboratory have shown that some parasites are attacked by host workers, suggesting that their social integration into host colonies is incomplete or unstable. We thus investigate how the chemical cues of the parasites relate to the host's recognition system. For this, we compare the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of parasites, host queens and host workers using solid-phase microextraction. Although over-lapping, the chemical profiles of both species are distinct. Parasites have no specific compounds but a reduced total amount of cuticular hydrocarbons compared with hosts. We suggest that E. parasiticum uses an imperfect chemical mimicry strategy as it is well-discriminated by its host species.
Heuristic Ideal Obfuscation Scheme based on LWE Problem, its Variants and Quantum Oracle

This paper presents a heuristic ideal obfuscation scheme based on the learning problem, which diﬀers from that of Jain, Lin, and Luo [JLLW23]. The paper adopts a method similar to Brakerski, Dottling, Garg, and Malavolta [BDGM22, BDGM20] for constructing iO. It ﬁrst introduces a variant of the LWR problem and proves its pseudorandomness. Based on the variant of the LWR problem, it constructs LHE, then combines it with sFHE constructed from the LWE problem to further construct the ideal obfuscation scheme. In comparison to the approach by Jain et al., this paper is relatively more speciﬁc. Additionally, the paper incorporates the quantum random oracle construction by Jelle Don, et al.[DFMS22] to provide a more concrete quantum random oracle used in the proposed obfuscation scheme.
Qualitative Analysis of Phytochemical Compounds in Turmeric Powder as Functional Drink

Jamu is an Indonesian culture still preserved by the community as an alternative treatment. One of the natural ingredients often used in herbal medicine is turmeric, which has various phytochemical compounds that benefit the body. This study examines the content of tannins, alkaloids, and saponins in traditional (conventional) instant powdered turmeric drinks and factory-made (commercial) instant sour turmeric powder drinks. Analysis of the phytochemical compounds in both samples was carried out qualitatively with various reagents used. Qualitative analysis was conducted based on changes in color or appearance in both instances. Based on the research conducted shows that , conventional and commercial turmeric powder is suspected of not containing tannin compounds but saponins and alkaloid compounds. The color analysis results show that traditional turmeric powder has darker color characteristics than commercial turmeric powder. It means that turmeric powder has phytochemical compounds, so it has the potential to be a functional drink that is beneficial to health.
ClusterFix: A Cluster-Based Debiasing Approach without Protected-Group Supervision

The failures of Deep Networks can sometimes be ascribed to biases in the data or algorithmic choices. Existing debias-ing approaches exploit prior knowledge to avoid unintended solutions; we acknowledge that, in real-world settings, it could be unfeasible to gather enough prior information to characterize the bias, or it could even raise ethical considerations. We hence propose a novel debiasing approach, termed ClusterFix, which does not require any external hint about the nature of biases. Such an approach alters the standard empirical risk minimization and introduces a per-example weight, encoding how critical and far from the majority an example is. Notably, the weights consider how difﬁcult it is for the model to infer the correct pseudo-label, which is obtained in a self-supervised manner by dividing examples into multiple clusters. Extensive experiments show that the misclassiﬁcation error incurred in identifying the correct cluster allows for identifying examples prone to bias-related issues. As a result, our approach outperforms existing meth-ods on standard benchmarks for bias removal and fairness.
Étude du comportement hydrogéologique d'une couche de contrôle des écoulements placée à la surface d'une halde à stériles expérimentale

RESUME : L’exploitation miniere genere d’importants volumes de roches steriles qui sont generalement entreposes en surface dans des haldes. La presence de mineraux reactifs dans ces steriles peut entrainer, lorsqu’ils sont exposes aux conditions atmospheriques (oxygene et eau), la generation de drainage minier acide (DMA) ou de drainage neutre contamine (DNC). Le present projet s’inscrit dans une plus vaste etude visant a evaluer une nouvelle methode de deposition des roches steriles et dont l’objectif est de limiter la contamination des eaux de drainage qui peuvent percoler dans les haldes, pendant les operations d’extraction et apres la fermeture du site. Le principe de la technique consiste a devier lateralement l’eau des precipitations le long de couches inclinees formees de materiaux relativement fins et compactes (appelees ici couches de controle des ecoulements ou CCE) afin de prevenir les ecoulements dans les roches steriles reactives. ----------ABSTRACT : The mining industry produces large quantities of waste rocks which are usually disposed of on the surface in piles. Reactive minerals in waste rocks can lead to the generation of acid mining drainage (AMD) or contaminated neutral drainage (CND) when exposed to atmospheric conditions (oxygen and water). This project is part of a broader research study which aims to evaluate the performance of a new waste rock deposition method. The main objective of this method is to limit contamination of seepage water, during and after the extraction operations. The principle is to divert rainwater along inclined and compacted finer grained material layers (called flow control layers or FCL) to prevent it from reaching underlying reactive waste rocks.
A new approach to the opening of the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the origin of the Hellenic subduction zone. Part 2: The Hellenic subduction zone

We discuss the structure of the present Hellenic subduction zone. We show that the present Hellenic subduction zone was formed at about 15 Ma when it started to consume the Mediterranean lithosphere and to form the large accretionary wedge that covers a large part of the eastern Mediterranean. We establish that there is independent evidence that the very large Hellenic Trough that it created was formed simultaneously. Shortly before, an 8–10 km thick backstop that extends 200 km southward, where it presently abuts the African margin, was put into place. We reconstruct the northern margin of the eastern Mediterranean Sea prior to the Hellenic subduction in a new and independent way. The faults recently identified by Sachpazi et al. (2016a . Geophysical Research Letters, 43: 651–658) and Sachpazi et al. (2016b . Geophysical Research Letters, 43: 9619–9626) within the Hellenic seismic slab are a key element of our reconstruction. This is because the slab, which is part of the Nubia plate, is rigid and the faults within it coincide with the lines of slip congruent with the relative motion of the Aegean block over it. These faults demonstrate that about 400 to 500 kilometers of eastern Mediterranean lithosphere have been subducted with essentially the same southwestward direction of motion during the last 15 Myr. Our reconstruction shows that before the onset of the Hellenic subduction, the northern margin of the eastern Mediterranean Sea coincided with a major Jurassic transform fault that limited the eastern Mediterranean to the north during its formation in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous as proposed in part 1. We discuss the implications of this reconstruction on the Neogene evolution of the Anatolia–Aegea block and its geodynamics.
A Novel Coating System Based on Layered Double Hydroxide/HQS Hierarchical Structure for Reliable Protection of Mg Alloy: Electrochemical and Computational Perspectives

Growing research activity on layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials for novel applications has been increasing; however, promoting LDH layer growth and examining its morphologies without resorting to extreme pressure conditions remains a challenge. In the present study, we enhance LDH growth and morphology examination without extreme pressure conditions. By synthesizing Mg-Al LDH directly on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-treated Mg alloy surfaces and pores at ambient pressure, the direct synthesis was achieved feasibly without autoclave requirements, employing a suitable chelating agent. Additionally, enhancing corrosion resistance involved incorporating electron donor–acceptor compounds into a protective layer, with 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (HQS) that helps in augmenting Mg alloy corrosion resistance through the combination of LDH ion-exchange ability and the organic layer. DFT simulations were used to explain the mutual interactions in the LDH system and provide a theoretical knowledge of the interfacial process at the molecular level.
The Geomorphology, Structure, and Lava Flow Dynamics of Peralkaline Rift Volcanoes From High‐Resolution Digital Elevation Models

Detailed topographic data from volcanoes can yield key insights into the controls on volcanic activity as well as hazards. High‐resolution digital elevation models generated from remote sensing data enable comparison of the geomorphology and structure of large and inaccessible volcanoes. We present new topographic data for three peralkaline volcanoes in the Main Ethiopian Rift (Fentale, Corbetti, and Gedemsa) and one volcano in the Afar Rift (Dabbahu), combined with field observations, reveal previously unidentified post‐caldera deposits and craters. Vent and crater locations are aligned with rift‐parallel faults and also with rift‐cutting structures in a variety of orientations. Caldera shape is controlled by interaction with these structures. The relative frequency and type of eruption varies greatly between these volcanoes over the past 150 kyr. Gedemsa is now largely inactive; Fentale hosts deposits from many small volume eruptions (<0.1 km3); while Corbetti has produced several large eruptions (~0.4–0.5 km3). Morphometry of peralkaline rhyolite deposits at Corbetti and Fentale, including ogives and levees, provides constraints on rheology. Emplacement viscosities of ~108–1011 Pa s at Fentale are similar to or lower than calc‐alkaline rhyolites and consistent with experimental and theoretical studies. The observations presented here have significant implications for hazard assessment in the Ethiopian rift and highlight the importance of structural features in controlling the location, magnitude, and style of volcanic activity in the Main Ethiopian Rift.