Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Li Intercalation Properties of LiFePO4/Carbon Composites Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

LiFePO4/Carbon composite was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent annealing in N2. From microstructure observation, fine particle size and homogeneous mixing with carbon in the composite were confirmed. A cell using the composite as cathode showed high-rate charge/discharge properties. The specific capacity of the composite at 1 A/g current density was 5 times of magnitude larger than that of mixture of LiFePO4 and carbon powders.
Combined Structured and Keyword-Based Search in Textually Enriched Entity-Relationship Graphs

We present a novel method to combine simple, flexible, keyword-based search with expressive structured queries. We assume that an entity-relationship graph is given where some of the nodes are linked to unstructured text documents. The aim of our approach is to efficiently search for relevant entities or facts about entities. Using several examples, we demonstrate the new types of querying that can be realized by our approach.
Experimentally validated improvement of IPMC performance through alternation of pretreatment and electroless plating processes

It has been known for years that polymers can be stimulated to change shapes and sizes. Electro-active polymers (EAPs) have recently been spotlighted in biomimetic applications due to the properties of energy transduction from the electrical to the mechanical form for actuation. Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a type of ionic EAP and considered to be one of the most promising smart materials. IPMCs are light in weight, chemically stable, fast responding and can make large bending deformations under low driving voltages. This study focuses on the fabrication method and performance of IPMCs by using Nafion® films. Tip force optimization is determined by using the Taguchi design of experiment technique.
Measuring the size of neoplasia in colonoscopy using depth-from-defocus

Colonoscopy is the reference medical examination for the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasia in gastroenterology. During the examination, the expert explores the colon cavity with a gastroscope in order to detect neoplasias - abnormal growths of tissue - and to diagnose which ones could be malignant. The Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions is the gold standard set of criteria for this type of diagnosis. One of the major criteria is the size. However, this is tremendously difficult to accurately estimate from images. This is because the absolute scale of the observed tissues is not directly conveyed in the 2D endoscopic image. We propose an image-based method to estimate the size of neoplasias. The core idea is to combine Depth-From-Focus (DFF) and Depth-From-Defocus (DFD). This allows us to recover the absolute scale by automatically detecting the blur/unblur breakpoint while the expert pulls the gastroscope away from a neoplasia. Our method is passive: it uses the image data only and thus does not require hardware modification of the gastroscope. We report promising experimental results on phantom and patient datasets.
Cytogenetic Mapping of rRNAs and Histone H3 Genes in 14 Species of Dichotomius (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) Beetles

Standard cytogenetic analyses and chromosomal mapping of the genes for 18S and 5S rRNAs and histone H3 were performed in 14 species of beetles of the genus Dichotomius (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Conserved karyotypes with 2n = 18 and biarmed chromosomes were observed in all species. Moreover, the presence of a large metacentric pair (pair 1) was characteristic in the studied species, evidencing a remarkable synapomorphy for this genus, which probably originated by an ancient fusion of 2 autosomes while the ancestral sex-chromosome pair remained conserved. FISH showed that the 5S rRNA and histone H3 genes are located in the proximal region of pair 2, with the 2 genes co-located. However, the major rDNA cluster probed by the 18S rRNA gene mapped to 1–3 bivalents, being exclusively autosomal, associated with sex elements, or both. In most species, the major rDNA cluster was observed in pair 3, and it was frequently (64.3%) located in the distal region regardless of the chromosome. The conserved number and position of the 5S rDNA/H3 histone cluster seems to be an ancient pattern shared by all of the studied species. In contrast, the major rDNA clusters apparently tolerate distinct patterns of diversification in the karyotypes of the species that could be associated with small inversions, ectopic recombination, and transposition. Moreover, we reinforced the association/co-localization between the 5S rRNA and histone H3 genes in this group contributing thus to the knowledge about the chromosomal organization and diversification patterns of multigene families in beetles and insects.
Blackboard Agents for Mixed-Initiative Management of Integrated Process-Planning/Production-Scheduling Solutions Across the Supply Chain

As companies increasingly customize their products, move towards smaller lot production and experiment with more flexible customer/supplier arrangements, they increasingly require the ability to respond quickly, accurately and competitively to customer requests for bids on new products and efficiently work out supplier/subcontractor arrangements for these new products. This in turn requires the ability to rapidly convert standard-based product specifications into process plans and quickly integrate new orders with their process plans into existing production schedules across the supply chain. This paper describes IP3S, a blackboard-based agent for supporting integrated process planning/production scheduling across the supply chain. IP3S agents support concurrent development and dynamic revision of integrated process-planning/production-scheduling solutions across the supply chain, maintenance of multiple problem instances and solutions across the supply chain, flexible user-oriented decision making, declarative representation of control information, the use of a common representation for exchanging information, coordination with other planning/scheduling agents and information sources, and ease of integration with legacy systems. The IP3S agent has been customized for and validated in the context of a large and highly dynamic machine shop at Raytheon's Andover manufacturing facility. Empirical results show an average performance improvement of 23% in solution quality over a decoupled approach to building process-planning/production-scheduling solutions.
2-Methoxybenzaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone

In the title compound, C14H12N4O5, an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 3.91 (3)°, which shows the molecule is almost planar. The para-nitro group is twisted from the benzene ring to which it is attached, making a dihedral angle of 8.50 (9)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked together by intermolecular C—H⋯O and intermolecular three-centred O⋯O [2.8646 (12)–2.9213 (11) Å] and O⋯N [3.0518 (11) Å] interactions. The crystal structure is further stabilized by intermolecular π–π interactions [centroid-to-centroid distances 3.5708 (6)–3.9728 (12) Å].
E-FRP with priorities

E-FRP is declarative language for programming resource-bounded, event-driven systems. The original high-level semantics of E-FRP requires that each event handler execute atomically. This requirement facilitates reasoning about EFRP programs, and therefore it is a desirable feature of the language. But the original compilation strategy requires that each handler complete execution before another event can occur. This implementation choice treats all events equally, in that it forces the upper bound on the time needed to respond to any event to be the same. While this is acceptable for many applications, it is often the case that some events are more urgent than others. In this paper, we show that we can improve the compilation strategy without altering the high-level semantics. With this new compilation strategy, we give the programmer more control over responsiveness without taking away the ability to reason about programs at a high level. The programmer controls responsiveness by declaring priorities for events, and the compilation strategy produces code that uses preemption to enforce these priorities. We show that the compilation strategy enjoys the same properties as the original strategy, with the only change being that the programmer reasons modulo permutations on the order of event arrivals.
Class II-Dependent Priming Recognition of Intracellular Mycobacteria , Peptide Epitope Facilitating Immune-Secretase Generate a γ Components of Cutting Edge : Nicastrin and Related Li and Chinnaswamy Jagannath

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the antituberculosis vaccine, localizes within immature phagosomes of mac-rophages and dendritic cells (APCs), and avoids lyso-somal degradation. BCG-derived antigenic peptides are thus inefficiently processed by APCs, and we investigated alternate mechanisms of Ag processing. Proteo-mics identified that BCG phagosomes are enriched for nicastrin, APH, and presenilin components of g-secre-tase, a multimeric protease. Using an in vitro Ag presentation assay and BCG-infected APCs, we found g-secretase components to cleave BCG-derived Ag85B to produce a peptide epitope, which, in turn, primed IL-2 release from Ag85B-specific T cell hybridoma. siRNA knockdown or chemical inhibition of g-secre-tase components using L685458 decreased the ability of BCG or Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected APCs to present Ag85B. In addition, L685485 inhibition of g-secretase led to a decreased ability of BCG-dendritic cells to immunize mice and induce Ag85B-specific CD4 T cells in vivo. Because BCG and M. tuberculosis sequester within APCs preventing immune recognition , g-secretase components appear to fortuitously process the immunodominant Ag85B, facilitating immune recognition. T uberculosis is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only approved vaccine against human tuberculosis. BCG gives variable protection against tuberculosis depending on geographic region, and this is likely due to the loss of some immunogenic Ags encoded by the RD1 region, strain variation, and population immunity factors. Th1 immunity defends against tuberculosis and is dependent on the ability of APCs to process peptides from mycobacteria through lysosome-or proteasome-mediated degradation, and epitope presentation through MHC class II (MHC-II) or I (MHC-I), respectively, to CD4 and CD8 T cells. However, BCG vaccine sequesters within immature phagosomes of APCs, which do not fuse with lysosomes (1). Thus, we proposed earlier that BCG-infected APCs would be deficient in presenting MHC-II–dependent peptides to T cells. Initially, we found that phagosomes of BCG had near-neutral pH because of the exclusion of vATPase enzyme; as a consequence, intraphagosomal cathepsin-D (Cat-D) protease was inactive (2). Using a T cell hybridoma specific for the major secreted Ag85B, we then reported that BCG-infected APCs showed decreased Ag presentation (2). Interestingly, wild type Myco-bacterium tuberculosis H37Rv phagosomes that also have near-neutral pH again showed reduced Ag presentation compared with the attenuated mutant, M. tuberculosis H37Ra. The wild type M. tuberculosis is the first pathogen reported to evade phagosome–lysosome fusion in macrophages (3). It is now evident that M. tuberculosis has multiple immune evasion mechanisms, and BCG vaccine seems to have inherited …
Stylistic Variation in an Information Retrieval Experiment

Texts exhibit considerable stylistic variation. This paper reports an experiment where a corpus of documents (N= 75 000) is analyzed using various simple stylistic metrics. A subset (n = 1000) of the corpus has been previously assessed to be relevant for answering given information retrieval queries. The experiment shows that this subset differs significantly from the rest of the corpus in terms of the stylistic metrics studied.
Mutations in TMEM231 cause Joubert syndrome in French Canadians

Background Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a predominantly autosomal recessive disorder characterised by a distinctive midhindbrain malformation, oculomotor apraxia, breathing abnormalities and developmental delay. JBTS is genetically heterogeneous, involving genes required for formation and function of non-motile cilia. Here we investigate the genetic basis of JBTS in 12 French–Canadian (FC) individuals. Methods and results Exome sequencing in all subjects showed that six of them carried rare compound heterozygous mutations in CC2D2A or C5ORF42, known JBTS genes. In addition, three individuals (two families) were compound heterozygous for the same rare mutations in TMEM231(c.12T>A[p.Tyr4*]; c.625G>A[p.Asp209Asn]). All three subjects showed a severe neurological phenotype and variable presence of polydactyly, retinopathy and renal cysts. These mutations were not detected among 385 FC controls. TMEM231 has been previously shown to localise to the ciliary transition zone, and to interact with several JBTS gene products in a complex involved in the formation of the diffusion barrier between the cilia and plasma membrane. siRNA knockdown of TMEM231 was also shown to affect barrier integrity, resulting in a reduction of cilia formation and ciliary localisation of signalling receptors. Conclusions Our data suggest that mutations in TMEM231 cause JBTS, reinforcing the relationship between this condition and the disruption of the barrier at the ciliary transition zone.
Backcalculation of Pavement Layer Properties

This paper was prepared for the symposium as a state-of-the-art paper. The paper summarizes the history and present use of nondestructive testing (NDT) and speculates on future developments and uses of NDT in backcalculating pavement layer properties. The paper concentrates on the backcalculation of the elastic stiffness of pavement layers. Measurement methods include a variety of methods of applying loads to the pavement and a number of sensors of the pavement response. Loading methods include static or slowly moving loads, vibration, near field impulse, and wave propagation which applies to far field measurements. A fundamental distinction is drawn between near field impulse loads which closely simulate traffic loads and far field impulse loads, the results of which must be corrected substantially to provide realistic pavement layer moduli.
Displacement Finite Differences and a Combined Memory Optimization by Peter Moczo , Mfiria Luckfi , Jozef Kristek

We present a general optimization technique for the three-dimensional finite-difference (FD) modeling of seismic-wave propagation and earthquake ground motion. Our combined memory optimization (CDMO) naturally comprises core memory optimization and disk memory optimization. While core memory optimization is based on keeping only a limited number of model planes in core memory at a given time, disk memory optimization is based on data compression in the wavelet domain. CDMO enables significant reduction of both computer core and disk memory requirements. CDMO is general: It is applicable to any explicit finite-difference scheme on a conventional or staggered grid. CDMO is presented on the example of the displacement finite-difference scheme. Accuracy of the scheme was tested through numerical comparisons with the discretewavenumber method. The scheme was shown to be capable to account for the position of the material discontinuity more accurately than other recent finite-difference schemes. Extensive numerical experiments were carried out in order to find proper parameters of the wavelet compression and investigate effects of the compression on synthetics.
A Study on the Characteristics of Yellow Layer Cake Made with Bamboo Leaf Powder

The purpose of this study was to investigate the properties of yellow layer cake made with bamboo leaf powder. Physical properties of the medium and cake flour with bamboo leaf powder were tested by falling number, farinogram, alveogram and after making yellow layer cake, which were tested by rheometer and water activity etc. We found that falling numbers increased with addition of bamboo leaf powder and adding bamboo leaf powder to the flour decreased peak viscosity, holding strength, final viscosity etc. The p value of the alveogram increased for the flour containing bamboo leaf powder increased, but development time and stability decreased. The water activity of the yellow layer cakes made with bamboo leaf powder decreased during storage, but they did not show significant differences. The results of the sensory test showed that the 3% of addition of bamboo leaf powder had the best scores.
Activation of the molecular chaperone, sigma 1 receptor, preserves cone function in a murine model of inherited retinal degeneration

Significance The role of sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R) in rescuing cone photoreceptor function was investigated in Pde6βrd10 (rd10) mice, a model of severe retinal degeneration. Sig1R, a putative molecular chaperone, is implicated in several human neurodegenerative diseases. We administered (+)-pentazocine, a high-affinity Sig1R ligand, to rd10 mice, which lose rod and subsequently cone photoreceptor cells (PRC) within the first few weeks of life, rendering them completely blind. Regular administration of (+)-pentazocine rescued cone PRC responses, which were markedly preserved and were similar to those in wild-type mice. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of significant preservation of retinal function as a consequence of Sig1R activation. The data are highly relevant to potential therapeutic interventions in human retinal disease. Retinal degenerative diseases are major causes of untreatable blindness, and novel approaches to treatment are being sought actively. Here we explored the activation of a unique protein, sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R), in the treatment of PRC loss because of its multifaceted role in cellular survival. We used Pde6βrd10 (rd10) mice, which harbor a mutation in the rod-specific phosphodiesterase gene Pde6β and lose rod and cone photoreceptor cells (PRC) within the first 6 wk of life, as a model for severe retinal degeneration. Systemic administration of the high-affinity Sig1R ligand (+)-pentazocine [(+)-PTZ] to rd10 mice over several weeks led to the rescue of cone function as indicated by electroretinographic recordings using natural noise stimuli and preservation of cone cells upon spectral domain optical coherence tomography and retinal histological examination. The protective effect appears to result from the activation of Sig1R, because rd10/Sig1R−/− mice administered (+)-PTZ exhibited no cone preservation. (+)-PTZ treatment was associated with several beneficial cellular phenomena including attenuated reactive gliosis, reduced microglial activation, and decreased oxidative stress in mutant retinas. To our knowledge, this is the first report that activation of Sig1R attenuates inherited PRC loss. The findings may have far-reaching therapeutic implications for retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Induce Spermatogenic Germ Cell Apoptosis: Possible Mechanism

The energy generated by an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is too weak to directly induce genotoxicity. However, it is reported that an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) is related to DNA strand breakage and apoptosis. The testes that conduct spermatogenesis through a dynamic cellular process involving meiosis and mitosis seem vulnerable to external stress such as heat, MF exposure, and chemical or physical agents. Nevertheless the results regarding adverse effects of ELF-EMF on human or animal reproductive functions are inconclusive. According to the guideline of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP; 2010) for limiting exposure to time-varying MF (1 Hz to 100 kHz), overall conclusion of epidemiologic studies has not consistently shown an association between human adverse reproductive outcomes and maternal or paternal exposure to low frequency fields. In animal studies there is no compelling evidence of causal relationship between prenatal development and ELF-MF exposure. However there is increasing evidence that EL-EMF exposure is involved with germ cell apoptosis in testes. Biophysical mechanism by which ELF-MF induces germ cell apoptosis has not been established. This review proposes the possible mechanism of germ cell apoptosis in testes induced by ELF-MF.
The Arabidopsis Receptor Kinase FLS2 Binds flg22 and Determines the Specificity of Flagellin Perception[W]

Flagellin, the main building block of the bacterial flagellum, acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern triggering the innate immune response in animals and plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the Leu-rich repeat transmembrane receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) is essential for flagellin perception. Here, we demonstrate the specific interaction of the elicitor-active epitope flg22 with the FLS2 protein by chemical cross-linking and immunoprecipitation. The functionality of this receptor was further tested by heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis FLS2 gene in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cells. The perception of flg22 in tomato differs characteristically from that in Arabidopsis. Expression of Arabidopsis FLS2 conferred an additional flg22-perception system on the cells of tomato, which showed all of the properties characteristic of the perception of this elicitor in Arabidopsis. In summary, these results show that FLS2 constitutes the pattern-recognition receptor that determines the specificity of flagellin perception.
Concept clustering and knowledge integration from a children’s dictionary

Knowledge structure called Concept Clustering Knowledge Graphs (CCKGs) are introduced along with a process for their construction from a machine readable dictionary. CCKGs contain multiple concepts interrelated through multiple semantic relations together forming a semantic cluster represented by a conceptual graph. The knowledge acquisition is performed on a children's first dictionary. The concepts involved are general and typical of a daily life conversation. A collection of conceptual clusters together can form the basis of a lexical knowledge base, where each CCKG contains a limited number of highly connected words giving useful information about a particular domain or situation.