Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Release of the Styryl Dyes from Single Synaptic Vesicles in Hippocampal Neurons

In small presynaptic boutons in brain, synaptic vesicles are thought not to merge with the plasma membrane when they release transmitter, but instead to close their fusion pores and survive intact for future use (kiss-and-run exocytosis). The strongest evidence for this idea is the slow and incomplete release of the fluorescent membrane marker, FM1-43 [N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(4-(dibutylamino)styryl) pyridinium dibromide], from single vesicles. We investigated the release of FM1-43 from sparse cultures of hippocampal neurons grown on coverslips with no glia. This allowed presynaptic boutons to be imaged at favorable signal-to-noise ratio. Sparingly stained boutons were imaged at high time resolution, while high-frequency electrical stimulation caused exocytosis. The release of FM1-43 was quantal and occurred in abrupt steps, each representing a single fusion event. The fluorescence of vesicle clusters traveling along axons had a distribution with the same quantal size, indicating that a vesicle releases all the dye it contains. In most fusion events, the time constant of dye release was <100 ms, and slower release was rarely observed. After exocytosis, no FM1-43 could be detected in the axon to either side of a bouton, indicating that dye was released before it could spread. Our results are consistent with synaptic vesicles fusing fully with the plasma membrane during high-frequency stimulation.
Tpl2 Kinase Impacts Tumor Growth and Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Due to the innate high metastatic ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), many patients with RCC experience local or systemic relapses after surgical resection. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying advanced RCC is essential for novel innovative therapeutics. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), upregulated in various tumor types, has been reported to be associated with oncogenesis and metastatic progression via activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Herein, the relevance of Tpl2 in tumor growth and metastasis of RCC is explored. Inspection of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated that Tpl2 overexpression was significantly related to the presence of metastases and poor outcome in clear cell RCC (ccRCC), which is the most aggressive subtype of RCC. Moreover, expression of Tpl2 and CXCR4 showed a positive correlation in ccRCC patients. Depletion of Tpl2 by RNAi or activity by a Tpl2 kinase inhibitor in human ccRCC cells remarkably suppressed MAPK pathways and impaired in vitro cell proliferation, clonogenicity, anoikis resistance, migration, and invasion capabilities. Similarly, orthotopic xenograft growth and lung metastasis were significantly inhibited by Tpl2 silencing. Furthermore, Tpl2 knockdown reduced CXCL12-directed chemotaxis and chemoinvasion accompanied with impaired downstream signaling, indicating potential involvement of Tpl2 in CXCR4-mediated metastasis. Taken together, these data indicate that Tpl2 kinase is associated with and contributes to disease progression of ccRCC. Implications: Tpl2 kinase activity has prognostic and therapeutic targeting potential in aggressive clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res; 11(11); 1375–86. ©2013 AACR.
ECORMAN: Extended cooperative opportunistic routing scheme (CORMAN) with efficient MAC base channel reuse technique for mobile ad hoc network (MANET)

MANET is temporary network and does not require any framework. The communication in MANET is held through routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, and DSDV etc. There are various routing protocols existing for efficient communication with the goal of improving QoS parameters such as throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and reducing delay and packet loss. MANET is opportunistic network routing protocol works on the basis of cooperative communication. The recent opportunistic routing protocols suffered from the problem of opportunistic data transfer and link quality fluctuations in MANET communications. To overcome these issues, CORMAN recently introduced an opportunistic routing method for a mobile ad hoc network. Working of CORMAN is achieved in three phases such as 1) use of proactive source routing (PSR) protocol, 2) large-scale live update of forwarder list, as well as 3) small-scale retransmission of missing packets. Practically CORMAN presenting good improvement as compared to existing routing protocols. The constraint of CORMAN is that it uses existing inefficient channel reuse technique. Thus, in this paper, we are extending CORMAN routing protocol by combining it with efficient channel reuse technique at MAC layer of the MANET. This new protocol is named as ECORMAN which is nothing but combination of CORMAN and efficient channel reuse based MAC protocol. The practical simulation of this work is executed by using NS2.
Global prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVES For effective health care provision, knowledge of disease prevalence is paramount. There has been no systematic endeavour to establish continent-based AS estimates, however, prevalence is thought to vary by country and background HLA-B27 prevalence. This study aimed to estimate AS prevalence worldwide and to calculate the expected number of cases. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted. Prevalence data were extracted and used to calculate the mean prevalence by continent and the expected number of cases based on country-specific prevalence (or, if missing, the prevalence from neighbouring countries). A second estimate was made using the prevalence from countries with similar HLA-B27 prevalences if a country-specific prevalence estimate was not available. RESULTS The mean AS prevalence per 10,000 (from 36 eligible studies) was 23.8 in Europe, 16.7 in Asia, 31.9 in North America, 10.2 in Latin America and 7.4 in Africa. Additional estimates, weighted by study size, were calculated as 18.6, 18.0 and 12.2 for Europe, Asia and Latin America, respectively. There were sufficient studies to estimate the number of cases in Europe and Asia, calculated to be 1.30-1.56 million and 4.63-4.98 million, respectively. CONCLUSION This study represents the first systematic attempt to collate estimates of AS prevalence into a single continent-based estimate. In addition, the number of expected cases in Europe and Asia was estimated. Through reviewing the current literature, it is apparent that the continuing conduct of epidemiological studies of AS prevalence is of great importance, particularly as diagnostic capabilities improve and with the recent development of the criteria for axial SpA.
Azimuth-dependent and flux-conserved force field model: A new control method for robot swarm

In the collective motion control of a robot swarm, physics-based approaches offer unique advantages. A virtual force field is assumed around each robot, and produces attractive or repulsive force to neighbouring robots. Yet physics-based approaches have some limitations, because a robot should have more complicated actions than a physical particle, and the force fields could bring unexpected local balances during foraging and obstacle avoiding. In this paper, we present a novel Azimuth-dependent and Flux-conserved Force Field (ADeFF) model, in which an azimuth-dependent force field is assumed around each robot and a flux-conserved force field around each obstacle and destination area. The azimuth-dependent force field allows the force to be set arbitrarily so that forces more than simply attraction and repulsion can be set to achieve more desired swarm configuration. The flux-conserved force field prevents local balances from happening during swarm foraging. Simulation results show that using the ADeFF model, homogeneous swarm can self-arrange into lattice configurations which are difficult to achieve through previous physics-based approaches. And local balances can be effectively avoided using this new method.
Integrating ‘ omics ’ data sets and biological knowledge : Multiple Factor Analysis as a powerful strategy

The huge amount of data provided by genome-scale technologies makes discernible biological meanings difficult to access. Here, we report a powerful integrative method to combine genome-wide scale data sets and biological knowledge. Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) is used to investigate jointly large observation data sets from different ’omic’ areas enriched with biological annotations. This multifactorial method is suitable for a wide range of biological investigations and offers a comprehensive view of the datasets structures and associated knowledge.
Diffusion and anomalous diffusion in spatially extended systems: A Huygens principle for superdiffusion

We present a universal view on diffusive behaviour in chaotic spatially extended systems for anisotropic and isotropic media. For anisotropic systems, strong chaos leads to diffusive behaviour (Brownian motion with drift) and weak chaos leads to superdiffusive behaviour (Levy processes with drift). For isotropic systems, the drift term vanishes and strong chaos again leads to Brownian motion. We establish the existence of a nonlinear Huygens principle for weakly chaotic systems in isotropic media whereby the dynamics behaves diffusively in even space dimension and exhibits superdiffusive behaviour in odd space dimensions.
Induction of Larval Metamorphosis of the Coral Acropora millepora by Tetrabromopyrrole Isolated from a Pseudoalteromonas Bacterium

The induction of larval attachment and metamorphosis of benthic marine invertebrates is widely considered to rely on habitat specific cues. While microbial biofilms on marine hard substrates have received considerable attention as specific signals for a wide and phylogenetically diverse array of marine invertebrates, the presumed chemical settlement signals produced by the bacteria have to date not been characterized. Here we isolated and fully characterized the first chemical signal from bacteria that induced larval metamorphosis of acroporid coral larvae (Acropora millepora). The metamorphic cue was identified as tetrabromopyrrole (TBP) in four bacterial Pseudoalteromonas strains among a culture library of 225 isolates obtained from the crustose coralline algae Neogoniolithon fosliei and Hydrolithon onkodes. Coral planulae transformed into fully developed polyps within 6 h, but only a small proportion of these polyps attached to the substratum. The biofilm cell density of the four bacterial strains had no influence on the ratio of attached vs. non-attached polyps. Larval bioassays with ethanolic extracts of the bacterial isolates, as well as synthetic TBP resulted in consistent responses of coral planulae to various doses of TBP. The lowest bacterial density of one of the Pseudoalteromonas strains which induced metamorphosis was 7,000 cells mm−2 in laboratory assays, which is on the order of 0.1 –1% of the total numbers of bacteria typically found on such surfaces. These results, in which an actual cue from bacteria has been characterized for the first time, contribute significantly towards understanding the complex process of acroporid coral larval settlement mediated through epibiotic microbial biofilms on crustose coralline algae.
Extramuscular myofascial force transmission for in situ rat medial gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles in progressive stages of dissection

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to establish the extent of extramuscular myofascial force transmission for dissected rat medial gastrocnemius (GM) and plantaris (PL) muscles. Initially, this was done with GM still connected to extramuscular connective tissue (general fascia, neuro-vascular tract and compartmental fascia). Neighbouring muscles were also connected to these tissues. In a later stage, it was dissected progressively until finally a fully dissected in situ GM was obtained, for which the neuro-vascular tract (i.e. the nerves, bloodvessels and the surrounding connective tissue) was the only extramuscular tissue left intact. Force of GM was measured not only at its distal tendon in progressive stages of dissection, but also at its dissected proximal tendon. In the stage where GM was still connected to extramuscular tissues, the experiments showed that up to 40.5±5.9% (mean ± s.e.m.) of the force exerted by the neighbouring PL muscle was transmitted onto the calcaneal bone, even when the PL tendon was not connected to this bone. After distal PL-tenotomy, a difference between proximally and distally measured forces of GM constituted evidence for myofascial force transmission. In the fully dissected in situ GM muscle, no relevant myofascial force transmission occurred in the reference position (the position of the GM origin corresponding to a knee angle of 120°). However, some myofascial force transmission occurred when the relative position of the origin of the fully dissected GM muscle was changed with respect to the neuro-vascular tract.
A Review on Content Based Image Retrieval and Search Based Face Annotation on Weakly Labeled Images

The face annotation has many real world applications. The challenging part of search based face annotation task is management of most familiar facial images and their weak labels. To tackle this problem, different techniques are adopted. The efficiency and performance of annotating systems are improved tremendously by using these methods. Here this paper proposes a review on different techniques used for this purpose and check the pros and cons of each technique. Keywords— Face Annotation , Facial Recognition, Face Detection
THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS NONCOMMUTATIVE SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORIES WITH 8 SUPERCHARGES AND BRANE CONFIGURATIONS

In this paper we consider D = 4 NCSYM theories with 8 supercharges. We study these theories through a proper type IIA (and M-theory) brane configuration. We find the one loop beta function of these theories and show that there is an elliptic curve describing the moduli space of the theory, which is in principle the same as the curve for the commutative counter-part of our theory. We study some other details of the dynamics by means of this brane configuration. MIRAMARE TRIESTE January 2000 *E-mail: jabbari@ictp.trieste. it
Efficient selection of multiple objects on a large scale

The task of multiple object selection (MOS) in immersive virtual environments is important and still largely unexplored. The difficulty of efficient MOS increases with the number of objects to be selected. E.g. in small-scale MOS, only a few objects need to be simultaneously selected. This may be accomplished by serializing existing single-object selection techniques. In this paper, we explore various MOS tools for large-scale MOS. That is, when the number of objects to be selected are counted in hundreds, or even thousands. This makes serialization of single-object techniques prohibitively time consuming. Instead, we have implemented and tested two of the existing approaches to 3-D MOS, a brush and a lasso, as well as a new technique, a magic wand, which automatically selects objects based on local proximity to other objects. In a formal user evaluation, we have studied how the performance of the MOS tools are affected by the geometric configuration of the objects to be selected. Our studies demonstrate that the performance of MOS techniques is very significantly affected by the geometric scenario facing the user. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a good match between MOS tool shape and the geometric configuration is not always preferable, if the applied tool is complex to use.
On Cohen-Macaulay rings

In this paper, we use a characterization of R-modules N such that fdRN = pdRN to characterize Cohen-Macaulay rings in terms of various dimensions. This is done by setting N to be the dth local cohomology functor of R with respect to the maximal ideal where d is the Krull dimension of R.
ON A VOLUME FLEXIBLE STOCK-DEPENDENT INVENTORY MODEL

An inventory model of a volume flexible manufacturing system for a deteriorating item is developed, taking a stock -dependent demand rate. It is assumed that the demand rate remains stock-dependent for an initial period after which a uniform demand rate follows as the stock comes down to a certain level. The unit production cost is taken to be a function of the finite production rate which is treated to be a decision variable. The mathematical expression for the average profit function is derived and it is maximized subject to the different constraints of the system using Zoutendijk’s Method of constrained optimization, the algorithm of which is given. The solution procedure is illustrated with the help of a numerical example. Using the result of the example, sensitivity of the near optimal solution to changes in the values of the parameters of the system is analyzed.
An empirical study on Differential Evolution algorithm and its several variants

Differential Evolution (DE) is a simple and efficient global optimization algorithm. However, DE has indicated its weaknesses, such as the convergence rate. This fact has inspired many computer scientists to improve upon DE by proposing modifications to the original algorithm. This paper presents a survey on DE and its several variants. In this paper, we design two sets of function optimization experiments. One is about the five different mutation strategy of the Conventional Differential Evolution (CDE), and the other is the comparison several variants of Differential Evolution algorithm with a new improved DE algorithm (GPBXDE). To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, we selected twelve widely used benchmark functions. The results of the experiment prove that the strategy CDE/rand/1/bin and CDE/rand-to-best/1/bin are better and the GPBXDE algorithm performs outstanding.
Utilizing network analysis to identify critical vulnerability points in infrastructure and explain terrorist target selection

Analytical methods from network science can determine critical vulnerability points in various types of infrastructure and the extent to which terrorist groups select target locations to maximize disruption. Network analysis utilizes rules governing complex systems to provide a cost-effective and quick method to pinpoint the most critical elements of an infrastructure. The applications of these methods on several terrorism cases in Moscow, Mexico, and Mumbai involving subway and energy systems suggest that the level of sophistication of a terrorist group associates with the likelihood that they select infrastructure targets to cause maximum disruption. The analyses show that of the terrorists groups and attacks studied, Chechen terrorists in Moscow in 2004 and 2010 and to a moderate extent the Mexican People’s Revolutionary Army in 2007 likely selected their targets to maximize disruption. Overall, the analyses suggest that sophisticated terrorists with resources and experience attacking infrastructure may use formal analytical methods similar to network analysis to select infrastructure targets to cause maximum disruption. Policymakers should encourage the use of analytical methods from other fields to analyze the probability of potential terrorist attacks on infrastructure and better inform security resource allocation.
Supervised Cross-Modal Factor Analysis for Multiple Modal Data Classification

In this paper we study the problem of learning from multiple modal data for purpose of document classification. In this problem, each document is composed two different modals of data, i.e., An image and a text. Cross-modal factor analysis (CFA) has been proposed to project the two different modals of data to a shared data space, so that the classification of a image or a text can be performed directly in this space. A disadvantage of CFA is that it has ignored the supervision information. In this paper, we improve CFA by incorporating the supervision information to represent and classify both image and text modals of documents. We project both image and text data to a shared data space by factor analysis, and then train a class label predictor in the shared space to use the class label information. The factor analysis parameter and the predictor parameter are learned jointly by solving one single objective function. With this objective function, we minimize the distance between the projections of image and text of the same document, and the classification error of the projection measured by hinge loss function. The objective function is optimized by an alternate optimization strategy in an iterative algorithm. Experiments in two different multiple modal document data sets show the advantage of the proposed algorithm over other CFA methods.
Approximate Linear Programming for Solving Hybrid Factored MDPs

Hybrid approximate linear programming (HALP) has recently emerged as a promising approach to solving large factored Markov decision processes (MDPs) with discrete and continuous state and action variables. Its central idea is to reformulate initially intractable problem of computing the optimal value function as its linear programming approximation. In this work, we present the HALP framework and discuss several representational and computational issues that make the approach appropriate for large MDPs. We compare three different methods for solving HALP and demonstrate the feasibility of the approach on high-dimensional distributed control problems.
Length Matters: Clustering System Log Messages using Length of Words

The analysis techniques of system log messages (syslog messages) have a long history from when the syslog mechanism was invented. Typically, the analysis consists of two parts, one is a message template generation, and the other is finding something interesting using the messages classified by the inferred templates. It is important to generate better templates to achieve better, precise, or convincible analysis results. In this paper, we propose a classification methodology using the length of words of each message. Our method is suitable for online template generation because it does not require two-pass analysis to generate template messages, that is an important factor considering increasing amount of log messages produced by a large number of system components such as cloud infrastructure.
Ant Based Techniques for QoS Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network: An Overview

------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT -------------------------------------------------------------- Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing heterogeneous network infrastructure. Quality of Service (QoS) support for MANET is a challenging task due to dynamic topology and limited resource. The main purpose of QoS routing is to find a feasible path that has sufficient resources to satisfy the constraints. Ant based technique is a stochastic approach for solving optimization problems like routing in mobile ad hoc networks. This technique is based around on the study of collective behavior in decentralized self organized system. In this paper we describe an overview of the research carried out in Ant Based QoS routing for MANET.
Voltage balancing control of a four-level hybrid-clamped inverter using modified phase-shifted PWM

This paper presents a voltage balancing method for a four-level hybrid-clamped inverter. The relationship between the capacitor currents and switching functions is studied. A modified phase-shifted PWM method is used to regulate the capacitor currents by adjusting the start and end time of the PWM signals slightly according to the capacitor voltages and the polarity of the output current. Experimental results are presented to verify this method.