Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid Peroxidation of a Human Hepatoma Cell Line (HepG2) after Incorporation of Linoleic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, and Docosahexaenoic Acid

Lipid peroxidation of human heptoma cell line, HepG2, after incorporation of linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was measured with a fluorescent probe and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The analysis with a fluorescent probe showed that incorporation of each polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enhanced the cellular lipid peroxidation level, but there was little difference in the effect of LA, AA, or DHA on the enhancement of cellular lipid peroxidation. The fluorescent analysis also showed that the addition of H2O2 (0.5 mM) enhanced the cellular lipid peroxidation levels in LA and AA supplemented cells as compared with those without H2O2. However, the enhancement of lipid peroxidation by H2O2 was not observed in DHA-supplemented cells. The same result was obtained in the GC–MS analysis of total amounts of monohydroperoxides (MHP) formed in the cellular phospholipid oxidation. In this case, the main source for MHP was LA in LA-, AA-, and DHA-supplemented cells. A significant amount of AA–MHP and a small amount of DHA–MHP were observed in AA- and DHA-supplemented cells respectively. GC–MS analysis also indicated the specific positional distribution of DHA–MHP isomers. The isomers were formed only by hydrogen abstraction at the C-18 (16-MHP + 20-MHP; 46.5%), C-6 (4-MHP + 8-MHP; 38.5%), and C-12 (10-MHP + 14-MHP; 15.1%) positions, but not at the C-9 or C-15 positions.
Inversion recovery TrueFISP: Quantification of T1, T2, and spin density

A novel procedure is proposed to extract T1, T2, and relative spin density from the signal time course sampled with a series of TrueFISP images after spin inversion. Generally, the recovery of the magnetization during continuous TrueFISP imaging can be described in good approximation by a three parameter monoexponential function S(t) = Sstst(1‐INV exp(‐t/T *1 ). This apparent relaxation time T *1 ≤ T1 depends on the flip angle as well as on both T1 and T2. Here, it is shown that the ratio T1/T2 can be directly extracted from the inversion factor INV, which describes the relation of the signal value extrapolated to t = 0 and the steady‐state signal. Analytical expressions are given for the derivation of T1, T2, and relative spin density directly from the fit parameters. Phantom results show excellent agreement with single point reference measurements. In human volunteers T1, T2, and spin density maps in agreement with literature values were obtained. Magn Reson Med 51:661–667, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Joint Design of Continuous Excitation k-space Trajectory and RF pulse for 3 D Tailored Excitation

projected approach. Note that the actual k-space trajectory follows well with the nominal one, indicating eddy current is not a problem for our design on our scanner. Figure 1: (a) Nonselective spiral (SPINS) trajectory. (b) Output trajectory in the proposed joint design for the cube excitation. The proposed joint design selective traverses regions in the k-space that need high energy deposition. Joint Design of Continuous Excitation k-space Trajectory and RF pulse for 3D Tailored Excitation Hao Sun, Jeffrey A. Fessler, Douglas C. Noll, and Jon-Fredrik Nielsen Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, Biomedical Engineering, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Towards Certification of Object-Oriented Code with the GNAT Compiler

Dynamic binding, the ability to link at runtime a method call with a subprogram that depends on the class of the object, is strongly discouraged by current standards for avionics airborne systems. This is partly due to dynamic dispatching, the technique commonly used by most OO compilers to implement dynamic binding. In this paper we present some enhancements to the GNAT technology that will help the avionic industry take advantage of the full benefits of the OO techniques with Ada without the inconveniences associated with dynamic dispatching.
A Predator-Prey Model with an Application to Lake Victoria Fisheries

Greater complexity in renewable resource models is achieved by acknowledging that species interact through a predator-prey relationship in which both species are harvested. The price of greater complexity is that traditional concepts, such as maximum sustained yield (MSY), have to be revised dramatically. Moreover, having chosen greater complexity, fishery biologists and other researchers must choose an explicit value for each fish, a rate of exchange of one species for every other species. Policy makers and social scientists in Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda with a keen interest in Lake Victoria fisheries regard the resource as a tool for furthering socioeconomic goals, such as foreign exchange earnings, employment for women, and nutrition. Comparative analysis allows policy makers to understand the consequences of choosing these goals in addition to economically efficient resource use. Foreign exchange earnings, employment for women, and healthy people are other goals promulgated by Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda in the management of Lake Victoria Fisheries. The conflicts among social goals are evident in the bioeconomic predator-prey model: a goal favoring a particular species reduces the sustainable harvest of another species. Data from Kenya are used to estimate the population dynamics equations.
Exploring Road Incident Data with Heat Maps

This research seeks to determine whether heat mapping is an effective technique for the visual exploration of road incident data. Four software prototypes, which adopted map, treemap and spatial treemap layouts, were developed using open source software. Whilst the visualization process described by Fry (2007) informed the development effort, the evaluation methodology was based on the Nested Process Model (Munzner, 2009). The results of two evaluation methods-a design study and the presentation and discussion of results with domain experts-confirm heat mapping's validity and provide requirements for further software development.
Perceptions des caractéristiques d'enseignement, variables motivationnelles et performances scolaires en sciences des élèves de 5e et 6e primaire

Tous les documents placés en accès ouvert sur le site le site MatheO sont protégés par le droit d'auteur. Conformément aux principes énoncés par la "Budapest Open Access Initiative"(BOAI, 2002), l'utilisateur du site peut lire, télécharger, copier, transmettre, imprimer, chercher ou faire un lien vers le texte intégral de ces documents, les disséquer pour les indexer, s'en servir de données pour un logiciel, ou s'en servir à toute autre fin légale (ou prévue par la réglementation relative au droit d'auteur). Toute utilisation du document à des fins commerciales est strictement interdite.
Evidences on the Ability of Mycorrhizal Genus Piloderma to Use Organic Nitrogen and Deliver It to Scots Pine

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis has been proposed to link plant photosynthesis and soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the production of fungal enzymes which promote SOM degradation and nitrogen (N) uptake. However, laboratory and field evidence for the existence of these processes are rare. Piloderma sp. , a common ECM genus in boreal forest soil, was chosen as model mycorrhiza for this study. The abundance of Piloderma sp. was studied in root tips and soil over one growing season and in winter. Protease production was measured from ectomycorrhiza and soil solution in the field and pure fungal cultures. We also tested the effect of Piloderma olivaceum on host plant organic N nutrition in the laboratory. The results showed that Piloderma sp. was highly abundant in the field and produced extracellular proteases, which correlated positively with the gross primary production, temperature and soil respiration. In the laboratory, Piloderma olivaceum could improve the ability of Pinus sylvestris L. to utilize N from extragenous proteins. We suggest that ECM fungi, although potentially retaining N in their hyphae, are important in forest C and N cycling due to their ability to access proteinaeous N. As Piloderma sp. abundance appeared to be seasonally highly variable, recycling of fungal-bound N after hyphal death may therefore be of primary importance for the N cycling in boreal ecosystems.
On shortest unique substring queries

In this paper, we tackle a novel type of interesting queries - shortest unique substring queries. Given a (long) string S and a query point q in the string, can we find a shortest substring containing q that is unique in S? We illustrate that shortest unique substring queries have many potential applications, such as information retrieval, bioinformatics, and event context analysis. We develop efficient algorithms for online query answering. First, we present an algorithm to answer a shortest unique substring query in O(n) time using a suffix tree index, where n is the length of string S. Second, we show that, using O(n·h) time and O(n) space, we can compute a shortest unique substring for every position in a given string, where h is variable theoretically in O(n) but on real data sets often much smaller than n and can be treated as a constant. Once the shortest unique substrings are pre-computed, shortest unique substring queries can be answered online in constant time. In addition to the solid algorithmic results, we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of shortest unique substring queries on real data sets.
Automated free text marking with Paperless School

The Paperless School automarking system utilises a number of novel approaches to address the challenge of providing both summative and formative assessments with little or no human intervention. The Paperless School system is designed primarily for day-to-day, low stakes testing of essay and short-text student inputs. It intentionally sacrifices some degree of accuracy to achieve ease of set up, but nevertheless provides an accurate view of the abilities of each student by averaging marks over a number of essays. The system is designed to function as a back-end service to an Learning Management System (LMS), thus facilitating the marking of large numbers of texts. This should enable considerable teacher resources to be freed up for other teaching tasks. In this paper we will discuss some of the issues involved in bringing computational linguistics to bear in the educational context. We will cover • how Blooms Taxonomy (the pedagogical model underlying most formal grading schemes) can be represented in software. • an overview of the steps required to derive a grade that will sufficiently closely predict the grade a human marker would give. • extending the system to include formative assessment, via intelligent comment banks.
Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Obesity: Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (or CCL2) in the Regulation of Metabolism

To maintain homeostasis under diverse metabolic conditions, it is necessary to coordinate nutrient-sensing pathways with the immune response. This coordination requires a complex relationship between cells, hormones, and cytokines in which inflammatory and metabolic pathways are convergent at multiple levels. Recruitment of macrophages to metabolically compromised tissue is a primary event in which chemokines play a crucial role. However, chemokines may also transmit cell signals that generate multiple responses, most unrelated to chemotaxis, that are involved in different biological processes. We have reviewed the evidence showing that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) may have a systemic role in the regulation of metabolism that sometimes is not necessarily linked to the traffic of inflammatory cells to susceptible tissues. Main topics cover the relationship between MCP-1/CCL2, insulin resistance, inflammation, obesity, and related metabolic disturbances.
Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods, 1978-98

Kenneth J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed are economists in the Division of Consumer Prices and Price Indexes, Bureau of Labor Statistics. The Consumer Price Index ( CPI) is the most widely used measure of inflation in the United States and affects nearly all Americans. Annual cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs) for Social Security recipients and Federal and military retirees are tied to changes in the CPI, which also is used to determine the annual escalation of Federal income tax brackets, as well as personal exemption and standard deduction amounts. In addition, the CPI is used in the calculation of many key economic indicators that require realor constant-dollar measures, including estimates of income, earnings, productivity, output, and poverty. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has made numerous improvements to the CPI over the past quarter-century. While these improvements make the present and future CPI more accurate, historical price index series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. 1 Many researchers, however, would like a historical series that was measured consistently over the entire period. Accordingly, this article presents an estimate of the CPI-U from 1978 to 1998 that incorporates most of the improvements made over that time span into the entire series. The new measure, called the CPI research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS), attempts to answer the question, “What would have been the measured rate of inflation from 1978 forward had the methods currently used in calculating the CPI-U been in use since 1978? ” 2
CodonExplorer: an online tool for analyzing codon usage and sequence composition, scaling from genes to genomes

DNA composition in general, and codon usage in particular, is crucial for understanding gene function and evolution. CodonExplorer, available online at http://bmf.colorado. edu/codonexplorer/, is an online tool and interactive database that contains millions of genes, allowing rapid exploration of the factors governing gene and genome compositional evolution and exploiting GC content and codon usage frequency to identify genes with composition suggesting high levels of expression or horizontal transfer.
Tandem repeat distribution of gene transcripts in three plant families

Tandem repeats (microsatellites or SSRs) are molecular markers with great potential for plant genetic studies. Modern strategies include the transfer of these markers among widely studied and orphan species. In silico analyses allow for studying distribution patterns of microsatellites and predicting which motifs would be more amenable to interspecies transfer. Transcribed sequences (Unigene) from ten species of three plant families were surveyed for the occurrence of micro and minisatellites. Transcripts from different species displayed different rates of tandem repeat occurrence, ranging from 1.47% to 11.28%. Both similar and different patterns were found within and among plant families. The results also indicate a lack of association between genome size and tandem repeat fractions in expressed regions. The conservation of motifs among species and its implication on genome evolution and dynamics are discussed.
Limitations of hybrid systems

We examine the ability of combining symbolic and subsymbolic approaches b y means of recursively encoding and decoding structured data. We show that encoding of symbolic data is possible in this w ay { hence neural netw orks seem well suited for control or classi cation in symbolic approaches { whereas decoding requires an increasing complexit y of the decoding function { hence netw orks with this dynamics are not adequate for producing structured data. Real labeled tree structures reject a smooth encoding in general.
Identifying Subtypes of Criminal Psychopaths

Psychopathy is an important construct in offender classification. Although several studies have suggested that there are two distinct subtypes of psychopaths, these studies have considerable limitations, including reliance on self-report measures, a failure to adequately address heterogeneity within the construct of psychopathy, and predictor-criterion contamination. A recent taxonomic study (Vassileva, Kosson, Abramowitz, & Conrod, 2005) identified four subgroups of offenders, including primary and secondary psychopaths. The present study uses cluster analysis to replicate and extend those findings to (a) an independent sample and (b) a Psychopathy Checklist—Revised factor model that reduces predictor-criterion contamination. Also, initial results were validated using a novel clustering method. Results show that psychopathy subtypes are replicable across methods. Furthermore, comparisons on other variables provide external validation of the subtypes consistent with prior theoretical conceptualizations.
Potassium-dependent assembly of coated pits: new coated pits form as planar clathrin lattices

Previous studies have shown that when human fibroblasts are depleted of intracellular K+, coated pits disappear from the cell surface and the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is inhibited. We have now used the K+ depletion protocol to study several aspects of coated pit function. First, since coated pits rapidly form when K+-depleted fibroblasts are incubated in the presence of 10 mM KCl, we studied the sequence of assembly of coated pits as visualized in carbon-platinum replicas of inner membrane surfaces from cells that had been incubated in the presence of K+ for various times. New coated pits initially appeared as planar clathrin lattices that increased in size by the formation of polygons at the margin of the lattice. Once the lattice reached a critical size it invaginated to form coated vesicles. Second, we determined that LDL-ferritin can induce clustering of LDL receptors over noncoated membrane on the surface of K+-depleted fibroblasts; however, when these cells are subsequently incubated in the presence of K+, these clusters become associated with newly formed coated pits and are internalized. Finally, we determined that K+ depletion inhibits the assembly of coated pits, but that existing coated pits in K+-depleted cells are able to internalize LDL. These results suggest that the clathrin lattice of coated pits is actively involved in membrane shape change during endocytosis and that the structural proteins of the lattice are cyclically assembled and disassembled in the process.
Visual Analysis of Car Fleet Trajectories to Find Representative Routes for Automotive Research

Testing is an important and wide spread practice in the development of automotive components. For the design of test methods two types of input data are often considered: (1) load data gathered from real life vehicle fleets, and (2) information of the driving routes based on road features. The development of new technologies is though complicated not only by the need to join those two data sources, but also by the too limited knowledge of the parameters and their useful combinations. As a result, information about representative driving profiles is needed. To address these problems we present a visual analytics approach for analyzing multivariate trajectories as a combination of vehicle's location and road elevation data. Our system combines trajectory clustering, interval-based user-driven trip segmentation, and frequent sequences analysis, supported by contingency table and interval-based Parallel Coordinates visualization and enables the expert user to find representative driving profiles for the definition of very compact test courses.
A recursive overlay multicast algorithm for distribution of audio streams in networked games

This paper aims to provide a fast multicast algorithm among a set of distributed proxies to enable the creation of realistic audio for networked games. We assume that each proxy is responsible for a group of clients. The proxy receives the audio packets from its clients and multicasts this audio to every other proxy that requires this audio for any of its attached clients. In crowded virtual environments, the number of multicast trees could be quite large and these undergoes continuous change as the avatars move in and out of each others hearing range. To reduce the effect of overhead traffic caused by a large number of unicast flows, we propose the use of (i) coordinate-based clustering of the servers to reduce the number of packet replications required at each server; and (ii) a recursive multicast tree construction with minimal control overhead and reconfiguration complexity. We present simulation results for a crowded networked environment and evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm in terms of path delay in comparison with the shortest unicast delay paths.
Effective black holes from non-Riemannian vortex acoustics in ABC flows

Since Alfven, dynamo and sound waves and the existence of general relativistic black holes are well stablished in plasma physics, this provides enough motivation to investigate the presence of acoustic black-hole effective metric of analogue Einstein's gravity in dynamo flows. From nonlinear dynamo equations, one obtains a non-homogeneous wave equation where it is shown that the non-homogeneous factor is proportional to time evolution of the compressibility factor. In the Navier-Stokes case for a finite Reynolds number the acoustic black-holes also exists on the stretching plasma flows. In the magnetostatic case the dynamo is marginal. Analog models are usually applied to a superfluid analog spacetime, instead of the plasma setting used here. A coupled nonlinear plasma flow solution is found for the dynamo equation where the effective black hole solution of the scalar effective equation yields an imaginary part of the growth of magnetic field. Therefore though the real part of the growth rate of the magnetic field is negative or null, since there is a temporal oscillation in magnetic field, the solution represents a slow dynamo. Thus acoustic black holes are shown to definitely contribute to dynamo action of the effective plasma spacetime. It is suggested that a fast dynamo effective spacetime may also contain an acoustic black hole. I the case of planar waves the effective metric can be cast in Kerr-Schild spacetime form. The Killing symmetries are explicitly given in this metric and the growth of dynamo waves.
A Highly Integrated Power Management IC for Advanced Mobile Applications

Wireless communication now has the speed and power to converge seamlessly with other consumer and business electronics. However, battery technology has not kept pace with advancement in circuit technology. As a result, design of power management is becoming a more complex problem for this new generation of wireless devices with converged voice, data, and multimedia. In this paper, a highly integrated power management IC (PMIC) is presented which enables mobile devices that are more cost-effective, thinner and more compact with better power efficiency. The overall architecture and system level design considerations are described. The design details of a key building block -low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) - are also discussed, including a novel frequency compensation method