Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of ketamine in decreasing intracranial pressure in children with intracranial hypertension.

OBJECT Deepening sedation is often needed in patients with intracranial hypertension. All widely used sedative and anesthetic agents (opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, and barbiturates) decrease blood pressure and may therefore decrease cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Ketamine is a potent, safe, rapid-onset anesthetic agent that does not decrease blood pressure. However, ketamine's use in patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension is precluded because it is widely stated that it increases intracranial pressure (ICP). Based on anecdotal clinical experience, the authors hypothesized that ketamine does not increase-but may rather decrease-ICP. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective, controlled, clinical trial of data obtained in a pediatric intensive care unit of a regional trauma center. All patients were sedated and mechanically ventilated prior to inclusion in the study. Children with sustained, elevated ICP (> 18 mm Hg) resistant to first-tier therapies received a single ketamine dose (1-1.5 mg/kg) either to prevent further ICP increase during a potentially distressing intervention (Group 1) or as an additional measure to lower ICP (Group 2). Hemodynamic, ICP, and CPP values were recorded before ketamine administration, and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare these values with those recorded every minute for 10 minutes following ketamine administration. RESULTS The results of 82 ketamine administrations in 30 patients were analyzed. Overall, following ketamine administration, ICP decreased by 30% (from 25.8 +/- 8.4 to 18.0 +/- 8.5 mm Hg) (p < 0.001) and CPP increased from 54.4 +/- 11.7 to 58.3 +/- 13.4 mm Hg (p < 0.005). In Group 1, ICP decreased significantly following ketamine administration and increased by > 2 mm Hg during the distressing intervention in only 1 of 17 events. In Group 2, when ketamine was administered to lower persistent intracranial hypertension, ICP decreased by 33% (from 26.0 +/- 9.1 to 17.5 +/- 9.1 mm Hg) (p < 0.0001) following ketamine administration. CONCLUSIONS In ventilation-treated patients with intracranial hypertension, ketamine effectively decreased ICP and prevented untoward ICP elevations during potentially distressing interventions, without lowering blood pressure and CPP. These results refute the notion that ketamine increases ICP. Ketamine is a safe and effective drug for patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension, and it can possibly be used safely in trauma emergency situations.
Minimum energy consumption design of A two-hop relay network for QoS guarantee

In this paper we consider a two-hop relay network consisting of a source, a destination and multiple relay nodes. For a given quality of service (QoS) requirement such as transmission rate between the source and the destination, relay nodes have an adaptive power control scheme to meet the QoS requirement. The adaptive power control scheme is assumed to be based on the channel condition between relay nodes and the destination. It is then an interesting problem to design an optimal relay network that minimizes total average energy consumption. By considering the details on the operations of the relay selection protocol considered in this paper, we first develop a mathematical model for the relay network and analyze total average energy consumption. Based on our analytic results, we formulate an optimization problem with which we can design an optimal relay network that minimizes total average energy consumption. We provide some numerical examples to investigate the behavior of total average energy consumption of the relay network.
Focusing on Traces to Link VCR and CSP

View-Centric Reasoning (VCR) replaces CSP's (1) perfect observer with multiple, possibly imperfect observers. To employ view-centric reasoning within ex- isting CSP models (2) requires a bookkeeping change. Specifically, VCR (3) intro- duces parallel events as a new primitive for constructing traces, and distinguishes two types of traces: histories and views. Previously, we gave the operational semantics of VCR (4), and demonstrated the utility of parallel traces to reason for the first time un- ambiguously about the meaning of the Linda predicate operationsrdp() andinp(). The choice of using an operational semantics to describe VCR makes direct compari- son with CSP difficult; therefore, work is ongoing to recast VCR denotationally, then link VCR with the other CSP models within Hoare and He's Unifying Theories of Programming(5). Initial efforts in this direction (6) led to a comparison of VCR with Lawrence's HCSP (7). In this paper, we present some recent insights and abstractions - inspired by modern quantum physics - that have emerged whilst contemplating par- allel traces in light of the unifying theories. These insights lead to a more natural expression of VCR traces, in the sense that they more closely resemble CSP traces, thus forming a basis for linking VCR and CSP.
Misremembering pain: memory bias for pain words in women reporting sexual pain.

INTRODUCTION The debate over the classification of dyspareunia as a sexual dysfunction or as a pain disorder raises the question of the comparative cognitive salience of sex and/or pain in the experience of women who report pain with intercourse. Refinements in our understanding of cognitive factors in the experience of pain with intercourse may be important in the development of effective treatments. AIM This study aimed to compare the cognitive salience of sex and pain word stimuli in women reporting pain with intercourse and in a control group of women without sexual dysfunction. METHODS Twenty women reporting pain during sexual intercourse and 20 women reporting no sexual dysfunction (controls) participated in a memory protocol designed to detect differences as a function of group membership and type of stimulus (sex, pain, and two other control stimuli). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dependent measures were recall, recognition, intrusions, and false positives for sex words, pain words, and two other control word types. RESULTS Regardless of group membership, women had best recall for sex-related words; however, women reporting sexual pain evidenced more false memories for pain words than did control women, and pain words elicited more false memories than any other type of word for women with sexual pain. CONCLUSION Results are interpreted to suggest that repeated activation through experience with persistent sexual pain may have contributed to the: (i) development of stronger semantic networks related to pain in comparison to no sexual dysfunction controls and; (ii) activation of pain networks more easily triggered by pain-related stimuli in women with sexual pain than in no sexual dysfunction controls. Sex, however, had not attained the cognitive salience of pain.
Real-time Detection of Abnormal Vehicle Events with Multi-Feature over Highway Surveillance Video

This paper introduces a framework of real-time abnormal vehicle event detection with multi-feature over highway high-definition surveillance video. The framework is composed of two parts: multi-feature extraction and abnormity detection. In multi-feature extraction, a fast constrained Delaunay triangulation (CDT) algorithm based on constrained-edge priority is presented to instead of complicated segmentation algorithms. After calibrating manually to extract the actual driveways from surveillance video sequence, localizing vehicle regions and tracking via detection of vehicle regions to extract static features and motional features in monitor area, multi-feature vectors are created for each vehicle. In abnormity detection, a method of adaptive detection modeling of vehicle events (ADMVE) is introduced. A Semi-supervised Mixture of Gaussian Hidden Markov Model is trained with the multi-feature vectors for each video segment. The normal model is trained by supervised mode with manual labeling, and becomes more accurate via adaptation iteration. The abnormal models are trained through the adapted Bayesian learning with unsupervised mode. Finally, experiments using real video sequence are performed to verify the proposed method.
Cracking Cancelable Fingerprint Template of Ratha

Cancelable biometrics may be a good approach to address the security and privacy concerns on biometric authentication. It uses some parameterized transforms to convert an original biometric template into a new version for authentication. The security of cancelable biometrics lies on noninvertibility of the transformed template, that is, the transforms should be noninvertible so that the original template can not be recovered. One way to achieve the noninvertibilty is through the use of many-to-one transforms. The idea of Ratha’s scheme of generating fingerprint templates just depends on this. However, it is revealed in this paper that the form of the transforms and the parameters chosen in his implementation weaken the many-to-one property. This results in the possible recovery of original minutiae from one transformed template. Keywords-cancelable biometrics; fingerprint template; minutiae; privacy; security
Predicting the future: a critical appraisal of cancer prognosis studies

Many studies have attempted to define useful prognostic and predictive factors in cancer but few have achieved acceptance in clinical practice because of methodological weaknesses. These include failure to test clearly formulated hypotheses, inadequate sample size, inappropriate multiple significance testing, arbitrary definition of patient groups, inadequately reproducible assays, and failure to verify prognostic factors with data independent of the data which suggested the original hypothesis. This unsatisfactory situation will persist until critical attention is routinely paid to study design and prospective validation of supposed prognostic and predictive factors, without which classical approaches will be suboptimally exploited and the flood of data from new molecular technologies will not be used effectively. We propose that prognostic factors should be evaluated in three phases: I, assay definition; II, retrospective testing; III, prospective testing, ideally as a designed part of clinical trials.
Delayed Sensitizaron to Heat by Inhibitors of Polyamine-biosynthetic Enzymes 1

Exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells to the enzyme inhibitors methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone and a-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) results in increased sensitivity to hyperthermia. While methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) dem onstrates pronounced cytotoxicity at moderate extracellular concentrations, DFMO is tolerated well by this cell line at concentrations of up to 10 mw, as assayed by clonogenic survival after treatments at 37Â°. An 8-hr preincubation at 37Â° with either drug elicits increasing sensitivity to 43Â°hyperthermia treatments with time after removal of the drug. In contrast to results obtained by heating in the presence of the drugs during the 8-hr exposure, DFMO acts as the more effective sensitizing agent for this delayed effect on progeny of DFMOtreated populations. This phenomenon seems to result from depletion of intracellular putrescine, because the effect can be at least partially recovered by providing the cells with an exogenous source of this diamine. The potential for in vivo heat sensitizaron by the non-toxic agent DFMO has yet to be investigated but may have intriguing clinical possibilities.
Wave Effects in the Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Chirping Binaries

In the gravitational lensing of gravitational waves, wave optics should be used instead of geometrical optics when the wavelength λ of the gravitational waves is longer than the Schwarzschild radius of the lens mass ML. For gravitational lensing of chirp signals from the coalescence of supermassive black holes at redshift zS ~ 1 relative to the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, the wave effects become important for a lens mass smaller than ~108 M☉. For such cases, we compute how accurately we can extract the mass of the lens and the source position from the lensed signal. We consider two simple lens models: the point-mass lens and the SIS (singular isothermal sphere). We find that the lens mass and the source position can be determined to within ~0.1% of [(S/N)/103]-1 for a lens mass larger than 108 M☉ and ≳10% of [(S/N)/103]-1 for a lens mass smaller than 107 M☉ because of the diffraction effect, where S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio of the unlensed chirp signals. For the SIS model, if the source position is outside the Einstein radius, only a single image exists in the geometrical optics approximation, so that the lens parameters cannot be determined, while in the wave optics cases we find that the lens mass can be determined even for ML < 108 M☉. For the point-mass lens, one can extract the lens parameters even if the source position is far outside the Einstein radius. As a result, the lensing cross section is an order of magnitude larger than that for the usual strong lensing of light.
The Arabidopsis thaliana vernalization response requires a polycomb-like protein complex that also includes VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the promotion of flowering by cold temperatures, vernalization, is regulated via a floral-repressive MADS box transcription factor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Vernalization leads to the epigenetic repression of FLC expression, a process that requires the polycomb group (PcG) protein VERNALIZATION 2 (VRN2) and the plant homeodomain protein VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3 (VIN3). We demonstrate that the repression of FLC by vernalization requires homologues of other Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 proteins and VRN2. We show in planta that VRN2 and VIN3 are part of a large protein complex that can include the PcG proteins FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM, CURLY LEAF, and SWINGER. These findings suggest a single protein complex is responsible for histone deacetylation at FLC and histone methylation at FLC in vernalized plants. The abundance of the complex increases during vernalization and declines after plants are returned to higher temperatures, consistent with the complex having a role in establishing FLC repression.
Spectrotemporal Response Properties of Inferior Colliculus Neurons in Alert Monkey

Because of its central position in the ascending auditory pathway, its large number of converging auditory brainstem inputs, and its fundamental role as a relay to auditory cortex and midbrain superior colliculus, the mammalian inferior colliculus (IC) is regarded pivotal for the integration of acoustic spectral–temporal cues to mediate sound-evoked behavior. However, detailed quantitative analyses of spectrotemporal neural responses are scarce. Moreover, most studies have been performed in anesthetized preparations, and it is unclear how to extrapolate findings to awake and behaving animals. Here, we characterize spectrotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) of single units in alert monkey IC by using a variety of broadband sounds with rippled amplitude spectra. We measured the response sensitivity to the ripple parameters density, Ω (cycles/octave), velocity, w (hertz), and direction selectivity, D. We observed a variety of dynamic STRFs, with a strong preference for low ripple densities, and a generally weak direction selectivity. Most cells preferred dynamic rippled stimuli above pure amplitude modulated noise (i.e., Ω = 0). Half of the cells could be characterized by good spectral–temporal separability, in which the ripple transfer function can be written as T(w, Ω) = F(w) × G(Ω). Inseparability could be attributed to a difference in responses to up and downward direction with respect to both amplitude and temporal phase. We tested linearity of IC neurons by using the STRF to predict neural responses to natural stimuli and broadband noise and discuss our results in the light of findings obtained from auditory cortex.
Utility Cost of Formal Privacy for Releasing National Employer-Employee Statistics

National statistical agencies around the world publish tabular summaries based on combined employer-employee (ER-EE) data. The privacy of both individuals and business establishments that feature in these data are protected by law in most countries. These data are currently released using a variety of statistical disclosure limitation (SDL) techniques that do not reveal the exact characteristics of particular employers and employees, but lack provable privacy guarantees limiting inferential disclosures. In this work, we present novel algorithms for releasing tabular summaries of linked ER-EE data with formal, provable guarantees of privacy. We show that state-of-the-art differentially private algorithms add too much noise for the output to be useful. Instead, we identify the privacy requirements mandated by current interpretations of the relevant laws, and formalize them using the Pufferfish framework. We then develop new privacy definitions that are customized to ER-EE data and satisfy the statutory privacy requirements. We implement the experiments in this paper on production data gathered by the U.S. Census Bureau. An empirical evaluation of utility for these data shows that for reasonable values of the privacy-loss parameter ε≥ 1, the additive error introduced by our provably private algorithms is comparable, and in some cases better, than the error introduced by existing SDL techniques that have no provable privacy guarantees. For some complex queries currently published, however, our algorithms do not have utility comparable to the existing traditional SDL algorithms. Those queries are fodder for future research.
Parallel beamforming using synthetic transmit beams

Parallel beamforming is frequently used to increase the acquisition rate of medical ultrasound imaging. However, such imaging systems will not be spatially shift invariant due to significant variation across adjacent beams. This paper investigates a few methods of parallel beamforming that aims at eliminating this flaw and restoring the shift invariance property. The beam-to-beam variations occur because the transmit and receive beams are not aligned. The underlying idea of the main method presented here is to generate additional synthetic transmit beams (STB) through interpolation of the received, unfocused signal at each array element prior to beamforming. Now each of the parallel receive beams can be aligned perfectly with a transmit beam - synthetic or real - thus eliminating the distortion caused by misalignment. The proposed method was compared to the other compensation methods through a simulation study based on the ultrasound simulation software Field II. The results have been verified with in vitro experiments. The simulations were done with parameters similar to a standard cardiac examination with two parallel receive beams and a transmit-line spacing corresponding to the Rayleigh criterion, wavelength times f-number (ulambdamiddotf#). From the results presented, it is clear that straightforward parallel beamforming reduces the spatial shift invariance property of an ultrasound imaging system. The proposed method of using synthetic transmit beams seems to restore this important property, enabling higher acquisition rates without loss of image quality
Comparing distributions and shapes using the kernel distance

Starting with a similarity function between objects, it is possible to define a distance metric (the kernel distance) on pairs of objects, and more generally on probability distributions over them. These distance metrics have a deep basis in functional analysis and geometric measure theory, and have a rich structure that includes an isometric embedding into a Hilbert space. They have recently been applied to numerous problems in machine learning and shape analysis. SIn this paper, we provide the first algorithmic analysis of these distance metrics. Our main contributions are as follows: We present fast approximation algorithms for computing the kernel distance between two point sets P and Q that runs in near-linear time in the size of P ∪ Q (an explicit calculation would take quadratic time). We present polynomial-time algorithms for approximately minimizing the kernel distance under rigid transformation; they run in time O(n + poly(1/ε, log n)). We provide several general techniques for reducing complex objects to convenient sparse representations (specifically to point sets or sets of points sets) which approximately preserve the kernel distance. In particular, this allows us to reduce problems of computing the kernel distance between various types of objects such as curves, surfaces, and distributions to computing the kernel distance between point sets.
Study on the possible position of the aircraft debris at sea

This paper is based on a simplified ocean current model to estimate the possible area of aircraft debris in the ocean, and then further optimize the simplified ocean current model by current velocity distribution. The aircraft debris will be further driven by the ocean current, so the calculated area of possible damage will also change. Two different ocean currents are considered in this model to estimate the possible location of the aircraft debris.
Management of dynamic knowledge

Purpose – This paper presents a framework for ontology evolution tailored to Digital Libraries, which makes use of two different sources for change detection and propagation, the usage of ontologies by users and the changes of available data.Design/methodology/approach – After presenting the logical architecture of the evolution framework, we first illustrate how to deal with usage‐driven changes, that is changes derived from the actual usage of ontologies. Second, we describe the generation of data‐driven ontology changes based on the constant flow of documents coming into digital libraries.Findings – The proposed framework for ontology ontology evolution, which is currently applied and evaluated in the case studies, significantly reduces the costs of ontology updates and improves the quality of the ontology with respect to the users' requirements.Practical implications – The management of dynamic knowledge is crucial for many knowledge management applications. Our approach for usage‐driven and data‐driv.
THE STABILITY OF PHILLIPS CURVE IN MALAYSIA

We examine the stability of tradeoff Phillips curve in Malaysia for the period of 1971 to 2004. We find that the tradeoff Phillips curve exists in Malaysia for both short run and long run. Furthermore, there is a stable long run tradeoff relationship between the inflation and unemployment rates in Malaysia. We suggest that the Malaysian authorities to liberate policies with a dogmatic philosophical adherence to supply-side economy.