Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Humans making sense of alarming conditions : psychological insight into the fair process effect

This chapter examines the psychology of the fair process effect, which is defined as the positive effect that people's perceptions of experienced treatment fairness have on their subsequent reactions. The chapter argues that when people are confronted with potentially problematic events or personal uncertainty-provoking experiences, this signals to them that something alarming may be going on that warrants their attention. As a result, the individuals involved are likely to engage in psychological processes of trying to make sense of what is going on and what they should expect will be happening. Because perceived procedural fairness has important informational value for people, it follows that people are susceptible to issues of treatment fairness in many alarming or sense-making triggering situations. The current chapter describes this alarm-system perspective on the psychology of the fair process effect and discusses implications of this perspective for our understanding of organizational behavior and human resource management.
A case study of ICT used by big data processing in education: discuss on visualization of RE research paper

The latest technologies and information have been introduced one after another at the present field of education. On the other hand, however, it is questionable, whether those technologies and information are understood conveniently. In the case of research papers, for example, is really it true that the paper has been written well about her/his idea, in which the author would like to express? From those questions, we have carried out a survey of research papers. In this paper, we have an awareness especially concerning with academic writing as our core research question. As one of the problem solving, we have extracted the main problems of writing and found out the solution by referring to visualized RE research paper in the field of mechanical technologies. We consider that the contents of the visualized RE (Rotary Engine) research paper are written clearly and logically about the latest technologies and information.
A Lightweight Approach for Proactive , Task-Specific Information Delivery

Knowledge management approaches for weakly-structured, ad-hoc knowledge work processes need to be lightweight, i.e., they cannot rely on high upfront modeling effort. This paper presents a novel prototype for supporting weakly-structured processes by integrating a standard to-do list application with a state-of-the-art document classification system. The resulting system allows for a task-oriented view on an office worker’s personal knowledge space in order to realize a proactive and contextsensitive information support during her daily, knowledge-intensive tasks.
Understanding Presence Wijnand IJsselsteijn

In a sense, all reality is virtual. It is constructed through our sense organs and cognitive apparatus. Reality is not "out there", it is what we take to be "out there". The brain is tuned in a sophisticated way to the perceptual invariants of our physical environment. Using these invariants, one can also produce illusions which the brain will be unable to discriminate from physical reality. This is the basis of various visual illusions, sleight of hand, and, more recently, virtual reality.
An Improved Method For Support Vector Machine-based Active Feedback

Relevance feedback schmes based on support vector machines (SVM) have been widely used in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). SVM-based relevance feedback has often bad performance when the number of labeled positive feedback samples is small. This paper presents a method to use the unlabeled data to improve the performance of SVM classifier, which has only a few labeled training examples. We adapt an improved active learning approach to select most informative data from the unlabeled samples set. It can reduce to compute some unnecessary information for feedback results and only label few samples. It can be used in pervative computing availably. Experiments show our approach can use the unlabeled samples effectively, reduce to label more unnecessary data, and improve the classifier's performance.
Upper bounds for the prime divisors of Wendt's determinant

Let c ≥ 2 be an even integer, (3, c) = 1. The resultant Wc of the polynomials tc - 1 and (1 + t)c - 1 is known as Wendt's determinant of order c. We prove that among the prime divisors q of Wc only those which divide 2c - 1 or Lc/2 can be larger than θc/4, where θ = 2.2487338 and Ln is the nth Lucas number, except when c = 20 and q = 61. Using this estimate we derive criteria for the nonsolvability of Fermat's congruence.
Communication Abstraction and Verification in Distributed Scenario Integration

Successfully modeling and analysing requirements are of the main challenges to face up when it is time to produce a formal specification for distributed systems. Scenario approaches are proposed as an alternative to make this process easier. They are based on the decomposition of the system behavior into intuitive pieces that are distributed scenarios. In this paper, we propose an approach to detect the unspecified reception errors by the integration of scenarios. The decision about such property is made possible according to an architectural communication model which states the communication abstraction level we are considering. We synthesize from message sequence char a set of automata, one per object. Then, we give decision procedure for unspecified reception faults.
Schwann cell grafting into the retina of the dystrophic RCS rat limits functional deterioration. Royal College of Surgeons.

PURPOSE To examine whether congenic Schwann cells grafted into the subretinal space of dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats can prevent photoreceptor loss and maintain visual function. METHODS Purified neonatal Schwann cells derived from congenic rats were grafted into the subretinal space of 3- to 4-week-old dystrophic RCS rats. Graft placement was confirmed using Schwann cells labeled in vitro with the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 or in grafted eyes processed for electron microscopy (48-hour to 1-month survival). At longer intervals, up to 9 months after surgery, animals were examined for photoreceptor survival; preservation of a visual reflex, head-tracking to moving stripes; and preservation of visual receptive fields associated with the region of graft placement. RESULTS One week after the graft was performed, Schwann cells had integrated into the subretinal space with little evidence of a reactive response. When screened for head-tracking to moving stripes, Schwann cell-grafted animals performed better than sham-treated or control dystrophic animals. Threshold sensitivity measurements and visual field assessment made by recording from the superior colliculus also showed a significant level of preserved function compared with control animals. Functional rescue was correlated with photoreceptor survival and could be observed for at least 9 months after grafting. CONCLUSIONS Schwann cells injected into the subretinal space limit functional deterioration and prolong photoreceptor survival. It is suggested that they act by local release of growth factors that either support photoreceptors directly and/or stimulate phagocytosis in RPE cells.
The generalized thin-sandwich problem and its local solvability

We consider Einstein gravity coupled to matter consisting of a gauge field with any compact gauge group and minimally coupled scalar fields. We investigate under what conditions a free specification of a spatial field configuration and its time derivative allows us to solve the constraints for lapse, shift, and other gauge parameters and hence determine a solution to the field equations (thin-sandwich problem). We establish sufficient conditions under which the thin-sandwich problem can be solved locally in field space.
Measuring and Optimising Convergence and Stability in Terms of System Construction in SystemC

The current SystemC modelling language lacks a standard framework that supports the modelling of wireless communication systems. This research investigates how wireless features can be incorporated into existing SystemC design methodology. The components to be investigated in order to achieve this target are divided into three parts: developing a system-level model of a digital wireless communication channel, creating a small library of dedicated elements at system level, and concluding with a case study on flocking behaviour system to validate the wireless extension methodology. In previous works, all these parts were successfully modelled and implemented. In this paper, the integration of communication modelling is introduced into design modelling during the early stages of system development. We use a flocking behaviour system to show how the stability of the system and converging point are measured and optimised in terms of system construction, using some important concepts of graph theory.
Using Behavioral Realism to Estimate Presence: A Study of the Utility of Postural Responses to Motion Stimuli

We recently reported that direct subjective ratings of the sense of presence are potentially unstable and can be biased by previous judgments of the same stimuli (Freeman et al., 1999). Objective measures of the behavioral realism elicited by a display offer an alternative to subjective ratings. Behavioral measures and presence are linked by the premise that, when observers experience a mediated environment (VE or broadcast) that makes them feel present, they will respond to stimuli within the environment as they would to stimuli in the real world. The experiment presented here measured postural responses to a video sequence filmed from the hood of a car traversing a rally track, using stereoscopic and monoscopic presentation. Results demonstrated a positive effect of stereoscopic presentation on the magnitude of postural responses elicited. Posttest subjective ratings of presence, vection, and involvement were also higher for stereoscopically presented stimuli. The postural and subjective measures were not significantly correlated, indicating that nonproprioceptive postural responses are unlikely to provide accurate estimates of presence. Such postural responses may prove useful for the evaluation of displays for specific applications and in the corroboration of group subjective ratings of presence, but cannot be taken in place of subjective ratings.
Measuring the transition readiness of youth with special healthcare needs: validation of the TRAQ--Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ), a measure of readiness for transition from pediatric to adult healthcare for youth with special health care needs (YSHCN). METHODS We administered TRAQ to 192 YSHCN aged 16-26 years in three primary diagnostic categories, conducted factor analysis, and assessed differences in TRAQ scores by age, gender, race, and primary diagnosis type. RESULTS Factor analysis identified two TRAQ domains with high internal consistency: Skills for Self-Management and Skills for Self-Advocacy. Each domain had high internal consistency. In multivariate regression models, older age and a primary diagnosis of an activity limiting physical condition were associated with higher scores in Self-Management, and female gender and a primary diagnosis of an activity limiting physical condition were associated with higher scores in Self-Advocacy. CONCLUSIONS Our initial validation study suggests the TRAQ is a useful tool to assess transition readiness in YSHCN and to guide educational interventions by providers to support transition.
Mood Management in the Context of Selective Exposure Theory

In this chapter, the hedonistic premise of mood-management theory is examined and expanded to account for seemingly nonhedonistic choices of media content. Counterhedonistic message selection is considered in the context of selective-exposure theory. Informational utility is invoked as a choice-driving force that complements content selection. The confounded operation of hedonistic and informational choice determinants is detailed for various domains of communication. In particular, it is proposed that hedonistic motivation, as articulated in mood-management theory, dominates spontaneous entertainment choices, with nonhedonistic considerations being complementary to choice determination. The choice of educational and informational media content, in contrast, is thought to be dominated by considerations of informational utility, but also to entail noninformational anticipations. The integration of these and related choice determinants is emphasized for the development of comprehensive theories of selective exposure.
A Study of Two Image Representations for Head Pose Estimation

Traditional appearance-based head pose estimation methods use the holistic face appearance as the input and then employ subspace analysis methods to extract low-dimensional features for classification. However, the face appearance may be more related to the unique identity of an individual rather than head poses. In this paper, we presented a comparative study of two image representations which aim to specifically describe head pose variations. The histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) based method relies on the gradient orientation distribution. The GaFour method exploits asymmetry in the intensities of each row of the face image, using a Gabor filter and Fourier transform to represent the face images. We compare the two image representations combined with two linear subspace methods (PCA and LDA). Experiments on two public face databases (CMU-PIE and CAS-PEAL) show that both HOG+LDA and GaFour+LDA give good results and HOG+LDA provides the best performance with a lower feature dimension.
Interdependency of Subsurface Carbon Distribution and Graphene–Catalyst Interaction

The dynamics of the graphene–catalyst interaction during chemical vapor deposition are investigated using in situ, time- and depth-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and complementary grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations coupled to a tight-binding model. We thereby reveal the interdependency of the distribution of carbon close to the catalyst surface and the strength of the graphene–catalyst interaction. The strong interaction of epitaxial graphene with Ni(111) causes a depletion of dissolved carbon close to the catalyst surface, which prevents additional layer formation leading to a self-limiting graphene growth behavior for low exposure pressures (10–6–10–3 mbar). A further hydrocarbon pressure increase (to ∼10–1 mbar) leads to weakening of the graphene–Ni(111) interaction accompanied by additional graphene layer formation, mediated by an increased concentration of near-surface dissolved carbon. We show that growth of more weakly adhered, rotated graphene on Ni(111) is linked to an initially higher level of near-surface carbon compared to the case of epitaxial graphene growth. The key implications of these results for graphene growth control and their relevance to carbon nanotube growth are highlighted in the context of existing literature.
Voltage Switching Scheme for Harmonic Reduction in Multilevel Inverters

A voltage switching technique to reduce harmonic components in multilevel inverter design is described in this paper. The scheme makes use of differences in values of the DC voltage sources involved to give a better approximation to the sine wave signal. The voltages are switched on and off continuously in a manner that makes use of all the possibilities of voltage addition magnitudes to produce as many levels as possible. The resultant waveform has less harmonics than the one obtained by the conventional approach.
Metabolomic Fingerprints of Individual Algal Cells Using the Single-Probe Mass Spectrometry Technique

Traditional approaches for the assessment of physiological responses of microbes in the environment rely on bulk filtration techniques that obscure differences among populations as well as among individual cells. Here, were report on the development on a novel micro-scale sampling device, referred to as the “Single-probe,” which allows direct extraction of metabolites from living, individual phytoplankton cells for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The Single-probe is composed of dual-bore quartz tubing which is pulled using a laser pipette puller and fused to a silica capillary and a nano-ESI. For this study, we applied Single-probe MS technology to the marine dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea, assaying cells grown under different illumination levels and under nitrogen (N) limiting conditions as a proof of concept for the technology. In both experiments, significant differences in the cellular metabolome of individual cells could readily be identified, though the vast majority of detected metabolites could not be assigned to KEGG pathways. Using the same approach, significant changes in cellular lipid complements were observed, with individual lipids being both up- and down-regulated under light vs. dark conditions. Conversely, lipid content increased across the board under N limitation, consistent with an adjustment of Redfield stoichiometry to reflect higher C:N and C:P ratios. Overall, these data suggest that the Single-probe MS technique has the potential to allow for near in situ metabolomic analysis of individual phytoplankton cells, opening the door to targeted analyses that minimize cell manipulation and sampling artifacts, while preserving metabolic variability at the cellular level.
Phonological and phonetic considerations of lexical processing

1. About the contributors 2. The integration of phonological and phonetic processing: A matter of sound judgment (by Jarema, Gonia) 3. How robust are exemplar effects in word comprehension? (by Hanique, Iris) 4. Production and accent affect memory (by Cho, Kit W.) 5. Phonological reduction in the first part of noun compounds: A case study of early child language (by Stemberger, Joseph Paul) 6. The locus of the masked onset priming effect: Evidence from Korean (by Witzel, Naoko) 7. The reversal of the BAREN-BEEREN merger in Austrian Standard German (by Sloos, Marjoleine) 8. Asymmetric lexical access and fuzzy lexical representations in second language learners (by Darcy, Isabelle) 9. Testing the viability of webDMDX for masked priming experiments (by Witzel, Jeffrey) 10. Learning is not decline: The mental lexicon as a window into cognition across the lifespan (by Ramscar, Michael) 11. Index
The Bayesian optimist's guide to adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis

Probabilistic modeling is fundamental to the statistical analysis of complex data. In addition to forming a coherent description of the data‐generating process, probabilistic models enable parameter inference about given datasets. This procedure is well developed in the Bayesian perspective, in which one infers probability distributions describing to what extent various possible parameters agree with the data. In this paper, we motivate and review probabilistic modeling for adaptive immune receptor repertoire data then describe progress and prospects for future work, from germline haplotyping to adaptive immune system deployment across tissues. The relevant quantities in immune sequence analysis include not only continuous parameters such as gene use frequency but also discrete objects such as B‐cell clusters and lineages. Throughout this review, we unravel the many opportunities for probabilistic modeling in adaptive immune receptor analysis, including settings for which the Bayesian approach holds substantial promise (especially if one is optimistic about new computational methods). From our perspective, the greatest prospects for progress in probabilistic modeling for repertoires concern ancestral sequence estimation for B‐cell receptor lineages, including uncertainty from germline genotype, rearrangement, and lineage development.
Pianos are not flat: rigid motion planning in three dimensions

Consider a robot <i>R</i> that is either a line segment or the Minkowski sum of a line segment and a 3-ball, and a set <i>S</i> of polyhedral obstacles with a total of <i>n</i> vertices in R<sup>3</sup>. We design near-optimal exact algorithms for planning the motion of <i>R</i> among <i>S</i> when <i>R</i> is allowed to translate and rotate. Specifically, we can preprocess <i>S</i> in time <i>O</i>(<i>n</i> <sup>4+ε</sup>) for any ε > 0 into a data structure that given two placements α and β of <i>R</i>, can decide in time <i>O</i>(log <i>n</i>) whether a collision-free rigid motion of <i>R</i> between α and β exists and if so, output such a motion in time asymptotically proportional to its complexity. Furthermore, we can find in time <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>4+ε</sup>) for any ε > 0 the largest placement of a similar (translated, rotated and scaled) copy of <i>R</i> that does not intersect <i>S. </i> A number of additional stronger results are provided. Our line segment motion planning algorithm improves the result of Ke and O'Rourke by two orders of magnitude and almost matches their lower bound, thus settling a classical motion planning problem first considered by Schwartz and Sharir in 1984. This implies a number of natural directions for future work concerning rigid motion planning in three dimensions.
Prophylactic Antibiotics for Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Surgical site infections with elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy are less frequent and less severe, leading some to suggest that prophylactic antibiotics (PA) are no longer indicated. We compared the incidence of surgical site infections before and after an institutional practice change of withholding PA for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Between May 7, 2013, and March 11, 2015, no PA were given to patients selected for elective cholecystectomy by two surgeons at a single center. The only patients excluded were those who received antibiotics before surgery for any reason. All others, including those at high risk for infection, were included. The incidence and severity of infections were compared with historical controls treated with prophylaxis by the same two surgeons from November 6, 2011, to January 13, 2013. There were 268 patients in the study group and 119 patients in the control group. Infection occurred in 3.0 per cent in the study group compared with 0.9 per cent in the controls (P = 0.29). All infections were mild except one. Based on these data, the routine use of PA for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not supported.
A koinobiont parasitoid mediates competition and generates additive mortality in healthy host populations

Insects are subject to attack from a range of natural enemies. Many natural enemies, such as parasitoids, do not immediately, or ever, kill their victims but they are nevertheless important in structuring biological communities. The lag that often occurs between attack and host death results in mixed populations of healthy and parasitised hosts. However, little is understood about how the effects of parasitism during this lag period affect the competitive ability of parasitised hosts and how this, in turn, affects the survival and dynamics of the surviving healthy host populations. Here we investigate the impact of the timing of introduction, and the strength of that introduction, of a parasitoid natural enemy Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst) on the outcome of intraspecific competition between larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). In contrast to healthy hosts alone, we find reduced survival of healthy larvae with increasing periods of exposure to greater numbers of parasitised conspecifics. This represents indirect mortality of the host, which is in addition to that imposed by parasitism itself. Furthermore, longer periods of exposure to parasitised larvae resulted in an increase in development time of healthy individuals and they were larger when they emerged as adults. These results are relevant to both insect -parasitoid and insect-pathogen systems where there is a lag in host death following infection or attack.