Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of buffer layer and Pt thickness on the interface structure and magnetic properties in (Co/Pt) multilayers

The influence of Pt thickness on the interface structure (roughness / intermixing) and magnetic properties has been investigated for (Co / Pt) multilayers sputtered on a Pt or a thin oxide (MgO or AlOx) buffer layer. When Pt thickness increases from 1.2 nm–2.2 nm, we observe that the effective anisotropy increases with the Pt thickness, simultaneously with the decrease of roughness, i.e. the occurrence of sharper interfaces. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is still achieved on the oxide buffer layers, but with a lower effective anisotropy correlated to more perturbed interfaces. The detailed analysis of the saturation magnetization shows that: (i) Ms is significantly enhanced in the case of rough/intermixed interfaces, which is attributed to and discussed in the framework of Pt induced polarization, (ii) the change in volume dipolar anisotropy is the main factor responsible for the reduction of Keff for systems grown on oxides. Beyond the major role of volume dipolar contribution that reduces PMA, a supplemental positive contribution promoting PMA can be invoked for rough interfaces and large Ms (deposit on oxide). This contribution is consistent with a dipolar surface anisotropy term and increases for rough interfaces, in contrast to the Néel surface anisotropy. These opposite variations may interestingly lead to an enhanced anisotropy in (Co / Pt) stackings grown on oxides compared to systems deposited on Pt, i.e. with sharper interfaces.
Automatic Insertion of Accents in French Text

Automatic accent inser·tion (AAI) is the problem of re-inserting accents (diacritics) into a text where they are missing. Unaccented French texts are still quite common in electronic media, as a result of a long his tory of character encoding problems and the lack of well-established conventions for typing accented char acters on computer keyboards. We present an AAI method for French, based on a stochastic language model. This method was implemented into a program and G library of functions, which are now commer cially available. Our experiments show that French text processed with this program contains less than one accent error per 130 words. We also show how our AAI method can be nsed to do on-the-fly accent in sertions within a word-processing environment, which makes it possible to write in French without having to type accents. A prototype of such a_ s'ystem was integrated into the Emacs editor, and iS now avail able to all students and employees of t}1e Universite de Montreal's computer science department.
Novel design and control of a home service mobile robot for Korean floor-living life style: KOBOKER

This paper presents novel design, development, and control of a mobile robot that is required to perform home service application. The robot is called KOBOKER (Korean Robot Worker) and designed for Korean home environment that requires living life on the floor. KOBOKER has been developed for Korean floor living life style with several design strategies such as balancing capability with two wheels, separable low and upper bodies, adjustable waist, stretchable waist, and lastly up and down arms to reach objects on the floor.
Applications of static analysis and program structure in statistical debugging

The Cooperative Bug Isolation (CBI) project uses post-deployment monitoring and statistical analyses to find program behaviors, called predicates, that are correlated with failures. Prior works use dynamic analysis, focusing solely on a program's runtime behavior. This dissertation demonstrates that static analyses, which discover program properties without running them, can improve statistical debugging. CBI's predicates test program state at particular locations. Predicates are useful if their true observations are correlated with failure. However, complex bugs usually manifest when multiple factors co-occur. We propose that propositional combinations of simple predicates could be better predictors of complex bugs. Such compound predicates are the best predictors of failure in 93% of our experiments. We use upper bounds on failure predictivity and program dependences to reduce average analysis time from 20 minutes to 1 minute. Statistical debugging searches for needles in a haystack: 99.996% of predicates are not failure predictive. We develop a technique that uses program dependences and prior feedback to ignore irrelevant predicates and selectively monitor those predicates that are likely to be useful. Irrelevant predicates are never instrumented, or are removed after their relevance is ascertained. Our approach produces the same results as complete instrumentation after instrumenting just 40% of the program locations. Very few locations are instrumented at any time, yielding imperceptibly low overheads. While debugging, a developer uses CBI's output to identify root causes of failures. We aid this task by augmenting CBI's output with source-level changes that are likely causes of failures. We compute conditional coverage profiles that capture the likelihood that a source-level change impacts a predicate. Our technique uses symbolic evaluation, control-flow graphs, and runtime profiles to narrow the scope of impacted sets by an order of magnitude compared to prior work. It identifies failure-inducing changes with a precision of 89% and a recall of 55%. Our contributions, while seemingly orthogonal, are unified by their use of static analysis to connect dynamic behavior. Static program structure is used to prune useless compound predicates, adaptively instrument likely bug predictors, and associate predicates with failure-inducing changes. Overall, this dissertation improves the monitoring efficiency and fault localization of CBI.
Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism.

CONTEXT Measurements from all age groups defined the upper limit of the TSH reference range in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. The TSH median, 97.5 centile and prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), normal serum T(4) and TSH greater than 4.5 mIU/liter, increased progressively with age. Age-adjusted reference ranges would include many people with TSH greater than 4.5 mIU/liter. OBJECTIVE We determined whether increasing 50 and 97.5 centiles with age resulted from more patients with SCH in populations with normal TSH distribution or whether age-specific population shifts to higher serum TSH might account for these findings. DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS We analyzed TSH, antithyroid antibodies, and TSH frequency distribution curves for specific age deciles in populations without thyroid disease, with or without antithyroid antibodies. RESULTS Without thyroid disease, 10.6% of 20- to 29-yr-olds had TSH greater than 2.5 mIU/liter, increasing to 40% in the 80+ group, 14.5% of whom had TSH greater than 4.5 mIU/liter. When TSH was greater than 4.5 mIU/liter, the percentage with antibodies was 67.4% (age 40-49 yr) and progressively decreased to 40.5% in the 80+ group. TSH frequency distribution curves of the 80+ group with or without antibodies was displaced to higher TSH, including TSH at peak frequency. The 97.5 centiles for the 20-29 and 80+ groups were 3.56 and 7.49 mIU/liter, respectively. Seventy percent of older patients with TSH greater than 4.5 mIU/liter were within their age-specific reference range. CONCLUSION TSH distribution progressively shifts toward higher concentrations with age. The prevalence of SCH may be significantly overestimated unless an age-specific range for TSH is used.
Can clone size serve as a proxy for clone age?An exploration using microsatellite divergence in Populus tremuloides

In long‐lived clonal plants, the overall size of a clone is often used to estimate clone age. The size of a clone, however, might be largely determined by physical or biotic interactions, obscuring the relationship between clone size and age. Here, we use the accumulation of mutations at 14 microsatellite loci to estimate clone age in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) from southwestern Canada. We show that the observed patterns of genetic divergence are consistent with a model of increasing ramet population size, allowing us to use pairwise genetic divergence as an estimator of clone age. In the populations studied, clone size did not exhibit a significant relationship with microsatellite divergence, indicating that clone size is not a good proxy for clone age. In P. tremuloides, the per‐locus per‐year neutral somatic mutation rate across 14 microsatellite loci was estimated to lie between 6 × 10−7 (lower bound) and 4 × 10−5 (upper bound).
Hypoxia-induced contraction of chicken embryo 1 mesenteric arteries : mechanisms and developmental 2 changes 3 4 5 6

9 Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), School for 10 Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, the Netherlands. Department 11 of Pediatrics, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands.Department of 12 Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Centro de 13 Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto 14 de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Running Title: Hypoxic mesenteric contraction 23 24 Full Address of Corresponding Author: 25 26 E. Villamor. Dept of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+). 27 P. Debyelaan 25. P.O. Box 5800. 6202 AZ Maastricht. The Netherlands. 28 Phone +31 43-3877246, fax +31 43-3875246 29 E-mail: e.villamor@mumc.nl 30 31 Articles in PresS. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol (August 17, 2016). doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00461. 2015
A Temperature-Insensitive Refractive Index Sensor Based on No-Core Fiber Embedded Long Period Grating

A novel long-period fiber grating via periodically embedding no-core fiber (NCF) has been achieved. The 11-period SMF-NCF-SMF-long period fiber grating (SNS-LPG) can exhibit an extremely high loss resonant dip (>20 dB). Theoretical analysis shows good agreement with the measured transmission spectrum. We investigated both refractive index and temperature sensitivity of SNS-LPG. The fabricated sensor achieve an average wavelength sensitivity of 141.837 nm/RIU in the range of 1.333–1.400 RIU, and exhibit lower temperature sensitivity (−6.43 pm/ °C and 0.005 dB/ °C).
TGFBR3 Polymorphisms and Its Haplotypes Associated with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Age of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Occurrence

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is mainly caused by viral infections including hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recently, the decreased expression level of the transforming growth factor, beta receptor III (TGFBR3) gene, has been implicated in HCC and other human cancers. This study investigated whether TGFBR3 polymorphisms might be associated with HBV clearance and HCC occurrence. Methods: This study identified 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon, promoter, and exon-intron boundary regions of TGFBR3 by resequencing in 24 individuals. Then, 9 SNPs in the promoter and exons of the gene were genotyped from 1,065 Koreans composed of 637 chronic carriers (CC) and 428 spontaneously recovered (SR) subjects. Results: Two SNPs, rs1805113 (Phe676Phe) in exon 13 and rs1805117 in 3′-UTR (p = 0.009 and p = 0.008, respectively) were significantly associated with HBV clearance. In addition, Cox relative hazards analyses revealed that haplotype BL2_ht2 showed a significant association with the age of HCC occurrence among chronic HBV patients (relative hazard = 1.38; p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TGFBR3 polymorphisms and its haplotypes might be associated with HBV clearance and age of HCC occurrence.
pH Changes in the Invaginating Synaptic Cleft Mediate Feedback from Horizontal Cells to Cone Photoreceptors by Modulating Ca2+ Channels

Feedback from horizontal cells (HCs) to cone photoreceptors plays a key role in the center-surround–receptive field organization of retinal neurons. Recordings from cone photoreceptors in newt retinal slices were obtained by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, using a superfusate containing a GABA antagonist (100 μM picrotoxin). Surround illumination of the receptive field increased the voltage-dependent calcium current (ICa) in the cones, and shifted the activation voltage of ICa to negative voltages. External alkalinization also increased cone ICa and shifted its activation voltage toward negative voltages. Enrichment of the pH buffering capacity of the extracellular solution increased cone ICa, and blocked any additional increase in cone ICa by surround illumination. Hyperpolarization of the HCs by a glutamate receptor antagonist-augmented cone ICa, whereas depolarization of the HCs by kainate suppressed cone ICa. From these results, we propose the hypothesis that pH changes in the synaptic clefts, which are intimately related to the membrane voltage of the HCs, mediate the feedback from the HCs to cone photoreceptors. The feedback mediated by pH changes in the synaptic cleft may serve as an additional mechanism for the center-surround organization of the receptive field in the outer retina.
Syntactic Conditional Closures for Defeasible Reasoning

An approach to nonmonotonic inference based on a closure operation on a conditional knowledge base is presented. The central idea is that, given a theory of default conditionals, an extension to the theory le defined that satisfies certain intuitive restrictions Two notions for forming an extension are given, corresponding to the incorporation of irrelevant properties in conditionals and of transitivity among conditionals, in this approach these notions coincide Several equivalent definitions for an extension are developed general nonconstructive definitions, and a general "pseudo-iterative" definition Reasoning with irrelevant properties is correctly handled, as is specificity, reasoning within exceptional circumstances, and inheritance reasoning Tina approach is intented to ultimately serve as the proof-theoretic analogue to an extant semantic development based on preference orderings among possible worlds.
Geovisualization of fishing vessel movement patterns using hybrid fractal / velocity signatures

While much work has been done on representing vessel movements, little work has been devoted to understanding and representing what particular movement patterns are associated with specific activities. Using fractal dimension as a measure of activity complexity, and velocity as a measure of activity type, it is possible to develop signatures for particular activities or behaviours. These signatures can then be used within a geovisualization system to highlight areas or data points of interest to the user. Within the context of fisheries enforcement, officers could use such a system with real-time data to quickly ascertain whether a vessel is acting illegally and increase the odds of catching them when they return to port.
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: an expert consensus and review of key issues.

OBJECTIVE To provide recommendations to patients, physicians, and other health care providers on several issues involving deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD). DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION An international consortium of experts organized, reviewed the literature, and attended the workshop. Topics were introduced at the workshop, followed by group discussion. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A draft of a consensus statement was presented and further edited after plenary debate. The final statements were agreed on by all members. CONCLUSIONS (1) Patients with PD without significant active cognitive or psychiatric problems who have medically intractable motor fluctuations, intractable tremor, or intolerance of medication adverse effects are good candidates for DBS. (2) Deep brain stimulation surgery is best performed by an experienced neurosurgeon with expertise in stereotactic neurosurgery who is working as part of a interprofessional team. (3) Surgical complication rates are extremely variable, with infection being the most commonly reported complication of DBS. (4) Deep brain stimulation programming is best accomplished by a highly trained clinician and can take 3 to 6 months to obtain optimal results. (5) Deep brain stimulation improves levodopa-responsive symptoms, dyskinesia, and tremor; benefits seem to be long-lasting in many motor domains. (6) Subthalamic nuclei DBS may be complicated by increased depression, apathy, impulsivity, worsened verbal fluency, and executive dysfunction in a subset of patients. (7) Both globus pallidus pars interna and subthalamic nuclei DBS have been shown to be effective in addressing the motor symptoms of PD. (8) Ablative therapy is still an effective alternative and should be considered in a select group of appropriate patients.
Focused Ion Beam Tomography as a Means for Characterization of CNF in a Paper Matrix

A method to study Cellulose Nanofibril (CNF) distribution in three dimensions within a paper matrix-in-situ-was developed. Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tomography was used to investigate the distribution of cellulose nanofibres in thee dimensions within a paper structure. Sufficient resolution and material contrast was contained using both secondary and back-scattered electrons in volumes as large as 103 um3. Challenges and approaches to achieve this are discussed, both with respect to the microscopy technique and with respect to image processing and volume reconstruction. A range of recorded images and reconstructed 3D volumes show the technique capable of resolving CNF in a paper matrix. Results presented show CNF within the paper matrix forming capsules enclosing filler particles. These capsules are seen to only infrequently be in physical contact with the enclosed particles. Similar separation between CNF and enclosed filler particles was tested and confirmed in CNF films with 10 wt% added ground calcium carbonate.
Automation of spectroellipsometric measurements within range of 1-4,9 eV by Beattie-Conn method

The spectroellipsometer based on DMR-4 spectrometer was automated. An electronic system and software for the automation of equipment was designed and built. The system was calibrated and for the purpose of verification of optical constants of metals samples such as gold, silver and copper were measured. The device automatically measures metal surfaces by Beattie-Conn method. It was measured values of optical constants of metal and compared them with table data. Graphs were built by experimental and table data, they demonstrate the results of measurements of metal samples coincided with theoretical data. Optical constants of surface based on heterostructures Cr1,5nmAu47nmHfO2_7nm were measured by Beattie-Conn method too.
Static timing analysis including power supply noise effect on propagation delay in VLSI circuits

This paper presents techniques to include the effect of supply voltage noise on the circuit propagation delay of a digital VLSI circuit. The proposed methods rely on an input-independent approach to calculate the logic gate's worst-case power supply noise. A quasi-static timing analysis is then applied to derive a tight upper-bound on the delay for a selected path with power supply noise effects. This upper-bound can be further reduced by considering the logic constraints and dependencies in the circuit. Experimental results for ISCAS-85 benchmark circuits are presented using the techniques described in the paper. HSPICE simulation results are also used to validate our work.
Optimal Policies for Wireless Networks With Energy Harvesting Transmitters and Receivers: Effects of Decoding Costs

We consider the effects of decoding costs in energy-harvesting communication systems. In our setting, receivers, in addition to transmitters, rely solely on energy harvested from nature, and need to spend some energy in order to decode their intended packets. We model the decoding energy as an increasing convex function of the rate of the incoming data. In this setting, in addition to the traditional energy causality constraints at the transmitters, we have the decoding causality constraints at the receivers, where energy spent by the receiver for decoding cannot exceed its harvested energy. We first consider the point-to-point single-user problem where the goal is to maximize the total throughput by a given deadline subject to both energy and decoding causality constraints. We show that decoding costs at the receiver can be represented as generalized data arrivals at the transmitter, and thereby moving all system constraints to the transmitter side. Then, we consider several multiuser settings. We start with a two-hop network where the relay and the destination have decoding costs, and show that separable policies, where the transmitter's throughput is maximized irrespective of the relay's transmission energy profile, are optimal. Next, we consider the multiple access channel (MAC) and the broadcast channel (BC) where the transmitters and the receivers harvest energy from nature, and characterize the maximum departure region. In all multiuser settings considered, we decompose our problems into inner and outer problems. We solve the inner problems by exploiting the structure of the particular model, and solve the outer problems by water-filling algorithms.
CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN AUTOIMMUNITY Effector Functions of Antiaquaporin-4 Autoantibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica

NMO-IgG autoantibody is now considered a useful serum biomarker of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). A series of clinical and pathological observations suggest that NMO-IgG may play a central role in NMO physiopathology. Although the exact role and function of NMO-IgG in vivo remain to be determined, recent reports suggest that this antibody that targets the aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) water channel expressed by astrocytes is able to destabilize the blood–brain barrier and contribute to astrocyte and oligodendrocyte damage. This review summarizes the latest molecular effector functions attributed to the NMO-IgG/anti-AQP4 antibody and discusses their potential role in NMO pathology.
Oscillation modes of relativistic slender tori

Accretion flows with pressure gradients permit the existence of standing waves which may be responsible for observed quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO's) in X-ray binaries. We present a comprehensive treatment of the linear modes of a hydrodynamic, non-self-gravitating, polytropic slender torus, with arbitrary specific angular momentum distribution, orbiting in an arbitrary axisymmetric space-time with reflection symmetry. We discuss the physical nature of the modes, present general analytic expressions and illustrations for those which are low order, and show that they can be excited in numerical simulations of relativistic tori. The mode oscillation spectrum simplifies dramatically for near Keplerian angular momentum distributions, which appear to be generic in global simulations of the magnetorotational instability. We discuss our results in light of observations of high frequency QPO's, and point out the existence of a new pair of modes which can be in an approximate 3:2 ratio for arbitrary black hole spins and angular momentum distributions, provided the torus is radiation pressure dominated. This mode pair consists of the axisymmetric vertical epicyclic mode and the lowest order axisymmetric breathing mode.