Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parallel optimistic logic simulation with event lookahead

Parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) on general-purpose machines can reduce the logic simulation time for large circuits considerably. However, it generates more events than necessary for certain high activity circuits and produces inconsistent execution times over different circuits. This is because glitches contribute to a sizable portion of events during a simulation. The proposed Event-lookahead Time Warp (ETW) algorithm can look ahead, combine and execute multiple events at each gate optimistically, and recover from an error by using a rollback mechanism as used in the original time warp algorithm. As a result, it reduces unnecessary events and produces more consistent execution times and reasonable speedups.
Research Articles: Production and Disposal of Waste Materials from Gas and Oil Extraction from the Marcellus Shale Play in Pennsylvania

The increasing world demand for energy has led to an increase in the exploration and extraction of natural gas, condensate, and oil from unconventional organic-rich shale plays. However, little is known about the quantity, transport, and disposal method of wastes produced during the extraction process. We examined the quantity of waste produced by gas extraction activities from the Marcellus Shale play in Pennsylvania for 2011. The main types of wastes included drilling cuttings and fluids from vertical and horizontal drilling and fluids generated from hydraulic fracturing [i.e., flowback and brine (formation) water]. Most reported drill cuttings (98.4%) were disposed of in landfills, and there was a high amount of interstate (49.2%) and interbasin (36.7%) transport. Drilling fluids were largely reused (70.7%), with little interstate (8.5%) and interbasin (5.8%) transport. Reported flowback water was mostly reused (89.8%) or disposed of in brine or industrial waste treatment plants (8.0%) and largely remained within Pennsylvania (interstate transport was 3.1%) with little interbasin transport (2.9%). Brine water was most often reused (55.7%), followed by disposal in injection wells (26.6%), and then disposed of in brine or industrial waste treatment plants (13.8%). Of the major types of fluid waste, brine water was most often transported to other states (28.2%) and to other basins (9.8%). In 2011, 71.5% of the reported brine water, drilling fluids, and flowback was recycled: 73.1% in the first half and 69.7% in the second half of 2011. Disposal of waste to municipal sewage treatment plants decreased nearly 100% from the first half to second half of 2011. When standardized against the total amount of gas produced, all reported wastes, except flowback sands, were less in the second half than the first half of 2011. Disposal of wastes into injection disposal wells increased 129.2% from the first half to the second half of 2011; other disposal methods decreased. Some issues with data were uncovered during the analytical process (e.g., correct geospatial location of disposal sites and the proper reporting of end use of waste) that obfuscated the analyses; correcting these issues will help future analyses.
STUDIES ON THE RECOVERY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN IRRADIATED MICE THYMECTOMIZED IN ADULT LIFE* BY A. MARJORIE CROSS,~ ELIZABETH LEUCHARS, AND

I t has been shown that mice thymectomized at 2 months of age have diminished numbers of lymphoeytes in their peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues (1) but no defects in immune responses (2). When, however, thymectomy was followed by a potentially lethal dose of ionizing irradiation and bone marrow therapy, the mice failed to respond, at 2 months postirradiation, to skin homografts and sheep erythrocytes. Sham-thymectomized control mice, on the other hand, had perfectly normal immune responses when tested 4 to 10 weeks after irradiation and marrow therapy. I t was concluded that the recovery of the immune mechanism after total body irradiation is thymus-dependent (2). The present experiments were undertaken to study the effects of varying different parts of this system such as the number, source, and type of cells used for therapy and the age of the host at thymectomy. In addition, the growth of the mice and their immune response at later times after irradiation were studied.
CLASS-A Canadian Land Surface Scheme for GCMs

In the companion to the present paper, the soil model associated with CLASS (Canadian Land Surface Scheme) was outlined. In this paper, the accompanying vegetation model is described. This model includes physically based treatment of energy and moisture fluxes from the canopy as well as radiation and precipitation cascades through it, and incorporates explicit thermal separation of the vegetation from the underlying ground. Seasonal variations of canopy parameters are accounted for. The morphological characteristics of the ‘composite canopy’ associated with each grid square are calculated as weighted averages over the vegetation types present. Each grid square is divided into a maximum of four separate subareas: bare soil, snow-covered, vegetation-covered, and snow-and-vegetation covered. Test runs were done in coupled mode with the Canadian Climate Centre GCM, to evaluate the performance of CLASS compared with that of the simpler land surface scheme previously used. Two versions of CLASS were run: one with ponded surface water saved between time steps, and one with it discarded. For the seasons of June—July—August and December—January—February, diagnostic calculations showed that the old scheme underestimated the globally averaged land surface screen temperature by as much as 3.0°C, and overestimated the globally averaged precipitation rate over land by up to 1.0 mm day−1. CLASS, on the other hand, produced screen temperature anomalies, varying in sign, of 0.2–0.3°C, and positive precipitation anomalies of 0.6–0.7 mm day−1. The relatively poor performance of the old model was attributed to its neglect of vegetation stomatal resistance, its assumption that the contents of the soil moisture ‘bucket’ had to be completely frozen before the surface temperature could fall below 0°C, and its use of the force-restore method for soil temperatures, which systematically neglects long-term thermal forcing from the soil substrate. The assumption made in most GCMs that excess surface water immediately becomes overland runoff is shown to result in substantial overestimates of surface screen temperatures in continental interiors.
Analysis of the consequences of climate change and habitat modification on migratory birds.

3 Introduction . 6  Structure of the thesis . 13  Study species . 14 Section 1 . 23 Introduction to section 1 . 25  Maintenance of livestock farming may buffer population decline of the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica. 28  Hayfields enhance colony size of the Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica in northern Italy. 61  Weather conditions, brood size and hatching order affect Common Swift Apus apus nestlings’ survival and growth. 91 Section 2 . 128 Introduction to section 2 . 130  Modelling the progression of bird migration with conditional autoregressive models applied to ringing data. 133  Timing of migration and residence areas during the non-breeding period of barn swallows Hirundo rustica in relation to sex and population. 165
Synthesis of Hand Exoskeletons for the Rehabilitation of Post-Stroke Patients

This dissertation presents the synthesis of a hand exoskeleton (HE) for the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Through the analysis of state-of-the-art, a topological classification was proposed. Based on the proposed classification principles, the rehabilitation HEs were systematically analyzed and classified. This classification is helpful to both understand the reason of proposing certain solutions for specific applications and provide some useful guidelines for the design of a new HE, that was actually the primary motivation of this study. Further to this classification, a novel rehabilitation HE was designed to support patients in cylindrical shape grasping tasks with the aim of recovering the basic functions of manipulation. The proposed device comprises five planar mechanisms, one per finger, globally actuated by two electric motors. Indeed, the thumb flexion/extension movement is controlled by one actuator whereas a second actuator is devoted to the control of the flexion/extension of the other four fingers. By focusing on the single finger mechanism, intended as the basic model of the targeted HE, the feasibility study of three different 1 DOF mechanisms are analyzed: a 6-link mechanism, that is connected to the human finger only at its tip, an 8-link and a 12-link mechanisms where phalanges and articulations are part of the kinematic chain. The advantages and drawbacks of each mechanism are deeply analyzed with respect to targeted requirements: the 12-link mechanism was selected as the most suitable solution. The dimensional synthesis based on the Burmester theory as well as kinematic and static analyses were separately done for all fingers in order to satisfy the desired specifications. The HE was finally designed and a prototype was built. The experimental results of the first tests are promising and demonstrate the potential for clinical applications of the proposed device in robot-assisted training of the human hand for grasping functions.
Development of a Thermal and Hyperspectral Imaging System for Wound Characterization and Metabolic Correlation

Monitoring and treatment of wounds remains a very personal activity. A patient is often seen by multiple individuals who subjectively document the wound healing process. The metabolic needs of wound healing are also not well understood. A collaboration between APL and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine was therefore formed to study the metabolic needs of wound healing. A mid-wave IR thermal and seven-band visible/near-IR hyperspectral imaging system has been developed to provide a novel approach to documenting and characterizing the progress of wound healing and local wound metabolic activity. This article summarizes the development of the imaging system and gives a detailed system description.
Sensitivity Difference in the Extratropical Atmosphere to Two Types of El Niño Events

Abstract A comparison of sensitivity in extratropical circulation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) is conducted through observational analyses and diagnostic linear model experiments for two types of El Nino events, the traditional El Nino with the strongest warmth in the eastern tropical Pacific (EP El Nino) and the El Nino Modoki with the strongest warmth in the central tropical Pacific (CP El Nino). It is shown that CP El Nino favors the occurrence of a negative-phase Northern Annular Mode (NAM), while EP El Nino favors that of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern. In SH, both EP and CP El Nino induce a negative phase Southern Annular Mode (SAM). However, the former has a greater amplitude, which is consistent with the stronger sea surface temperature (SST) warmth. The difference in the two types of El Nino events in NH may originate from the dependence of heating-induced extratropical response on the location of initial heating, which may be associated with activity of the stationary wave. In SH, the lack of sensitivity to the location of heating can be associated with weaker activity of the stationary wave therein.
Cloud Studies with the Droplet Aerosol Analyzer

Climate change and atmospheric aerosols are a threat for human health and life. Reducing aerosol emissions would save human lives close to the aerosol source, but could lead to more death due to the implications of a warmer climate. Aerosol particles acting as cloud or ice nuclei can induce a change in cloud properties and thus indirectly induce a change in planetary albedo, which is considered the major reason of changes in planetary albedo associated with global warming. Because of the complexity of the interaction between aerosols and clouds, uncertainties in cloud parametrization remain the major cause of discrepancies between cloud observations and simulations. Thus, improving the understanding of aerosol-cloud-interactions is one of the keys for reducing uncertainty in the estimate of the total anthropogenic radiative forcing and climate sensitivity. Climate sensitivity is important for quantifying risks and probabilities, and the development of adaption strategies. The Droplet Aerosol Analyzer (DAA) was developed to study aerosol-cloud interaction and is unique in providing the number and the direct relationship between cloud droplet and residual particle size. For this purpose a more automatic version with better time resolution (10 min) and an improved and more automated inversion algorithm has been developed to better suit the needs of long-term measurements. Between June and October 2010 aerosol-cloud interaction measurements have been performed at the summit of Mt. Brocken (51.80 N, 10.62 E, 1142 m a.s.l.) in central Germany. For this period the aerosol and cloud properties and the droplet activation regime regarding the ratio between updraft velocity and particle number concentration (w=Ntot), have been determined. The relation between cloud droplet number concentration Nd;tot and total number concentration Ntot, updraft velocity wpred, and size distribution shape R_0. 1um has been determined for three overlapping w=Ntot-intervals. As expected, for increasing w=Ntot-ratio (from the transitional regime towards aerosol limited regime) the relative sensitivity ofNd;tot against w decreases while the relative sensitivity of Nd;tot against Ntot increases. The influence of the size distribution shape R_0. 1um was examined and the absolute relative sensitivity of Nd;tot against R_0. 1um was observed to decrease from the transitional towards the aerosol limited regime. The onset of ’roll-off’, where an increase in Ntot does not lead to a proportional increase in Nd;tot, shifted towards higher total number concentration for increasing w=Ntot-ratio. (Less)
Searching Proper Names in Databases

Identifikation von Namen — z.B. Autorund Firmennamen — ist ein offenes Problem. In diesem Beitrag geben wir einen Überblick über bekannte Ähnlichkeitsmaße. Diese Maße basieren auf phonetischer Ähnlichkeit, Anzahl von Tippfehlern und einfacher String-Ähnlichkeit. Wir zeigen experimentell, daß alle drei Ansätze zu signifikant besserer Retrieval-Qualität führen als einfache Identität. Weiter zeigen wir, daß Kombinationen von verschiedenen Ähnlichkeitsmaße noch bessere Ergebnisse liefert als jede einzelne Methode.
Sulfide detection in drill core from the Stillwater Complex using visible/near‐infrared imaging spectroscopy

This feasibility study examines the potential of imaging spectroscopy to estimate sulfide percentage in drill core from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. The Stillwater Complex is a layered mafic to ultramafic intrusion hosting ore‐grade platinum group elements within the zone known as the JM Reef. Stillwater Mine geologists indirectly infer the platinum/palladium grade by the presence and abundance of sulfide minerals. In order to discriminate between waste and ore rock, geologists visually inspect the core and working faces for minerals such as chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite. Iron sulfide minerals have a strong ultraviolet absorption that blends into the blue portion of the visible region and produces their yellow luster. The spectral differences between these pathfinder minerals and the accessory minerals are sufficiently distinct to allow classification of this mineralogy using imaging spectroscopy even in the absence of a particular absorption feature. Five different sections of split core .
Fast galactic structure finding using graphics processing units

Cosmological simulations are used by astronomers to investigate large scale structure formation and galaxy evolution. Structure finding, that is, the discovery of gravitationally-bound objects such as dark matter halos, is a crucial step in many such simulations. During recent years, advancing computational capacity has lead to halo-finders needing to manage increasingly larger simulations. As a result, many multi-core solutions have arisen in an attempt to process these simulations more efficiently. However, a many-core approach to the problem using graphics processing units (GPUs) appears largely unexplored. Since these simulations are inherently n-body problems, they contain a high degree of parallelism, which makes them very well suited to a GPU architecture. Therefore, it makes sense to determine the potential for further research in halo-finding algorithms on a GPU. We present a number of modified algorithms, for accelerating the identification of halos and sub-structures, using entry-level graphics hardware. The algorithms are based on an adaptive hierarchical refinement of the friends-of-friends (FoF) method using six phase-space dimensions: This allows for robust tracking of sub-structures. These methods are highly amenable to parallel implementation and run on GPUs. We implemented four separate systems; two on GPUs and two on CPUs. The first system for both CPU and GPU was implemented as a proof of concept exercise to familiarise us with the problem: These utilised minimum spanning trees (MSTs) and brute force methods. Our second implementation, for the CPU and GPU, capitalised on knowledge gained from the proof of concept applications, leading us to use kd-trees to efficiently solve the problem. The CPU implementations were intended to serve as benchmarks for our GPU applications. In order to verify the efficacy of the implemented systems, we applied our halo finders to cosmological simulations of varying size and compared the results obtained to those given by a widely used FoF commercial halo-finder. To conduct a fair comparison, CPU benchmarks
IMPACT OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS SYMBOL IN PRODUCING FAVORABLE ATTITUDE TOWARD ADVERTISEMENT

A review of the literature on religion and advertisement led to the identification of three lines of studies examining the influence of religion on advertising. These three lines of studies focused on attitude toward advertising of controversial products, presence of religious values in advertisements executions, and the consumers’ reactions to advertisement containing religious cues or symbols. The latter line has been followed modestly in Christian context but not in Islamic context of advertising. Hijab as a significant religious cue might peripherally generates a favorable attitude toward advertisement among Muslims. It is suggested that information processing theories like Elaboration Likelihood Model provides a pertinent theoretical framework to examine this effect empirically.
Tidal Winds from the Mesosphere, Lower Thermosphere Global Radar Network during the second LTCS Campaign: December 1988

Winds and tides were measured by nine MLT (mesosphere, lower thermosphere) radars with locations between 70°N and 78°S, including an equatorial station at Christmas Island, 2°N (Avery et al., 1990). The mean winds were eastward (westward) in the northern (southern) hemisphere mesosphere, consistent with midwinter circulations. For the 12-hour (semidiurnal) tide, observations and the model of Forbes and Vial (1989) were in generally good agreement: in both cases northward components were closer to being in phase in the two hemispheres, and winter wavelengths were shorter than those of the mid-latitude summer. Major differences were large (small) amplitudes at 70°N for model (observations); and poor agreement of equatorial tidal profiles. For the 24-hour (diurnal tide), the radar observations and model of Forbes and Hagan (1988) were in useful agreement in the summer hemisphere. However, the short (long) wavelengths at mid (high) latitudes of the model's winter hemisphere were not observed during LTCS (Lower Thermosphere Coupling Study) 2, nor in climatologies for December. Suggestions as to the reasons for this disparity are presented.
Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells lacking IL-7 receptor are a native killer cell subset fostered by parenchymal niches

Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs), including circulating natural killer (NK) cells and tissue-resident type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), are innate immune sentinels critical for responses against infection and cancer. In contrast to relatively uniform NK cells through the body, diverse ILC1 subsets have been characterized across and within tissues in mice, but their developmental and functional heterogeneity remain unsolved. Here, using multimodal in vivo approaches including fate-mapping and targeting of the interleukin 15 (IL-15)-producing microenvironment, we demonstrate that liver parenchymal niches support the development of a cytotoxic ILC1 subset lacking IL-7 receptor (7R− ILC1s). During ontogeny, fetal liver (FL) G1-ILCs arise perivascularly and then differentiate into 7R− ILC1s within sinusoids. Hepatocyte-derived IL-15 supports parenchymal development of FL G1-ILCs to maintain adult pool of 7R− ILC1s. IL-7R+ (7R+) ILC1s in the liver, candidate precursors for 7R− ILC1s, are not essential for 7R− ILC1 development in physiological conditions. Functionally, 7R− ILC1s exhibit killing activity at steady state through granzyme B expression, which is underpinned by constitutive mTOR activity, unlike NK cells with exogenous stimulation-dependent cytotoxicity. Our study reveals the unique ontogeny and functions of liver-specific ILC1s, providing a detailed interpretation of ILC1 heterogeneity.
18th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes

AirGIS and the semi-parametrized Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM®) have been frequently used across the globe to assess local or street-scale air pollution. Recent developments in OSPM and new technological advances in geospatial tools have led towards an inception of a substantially revised version of the AirGIS exposure modelling system (AirGIS 2). The new prototype system uses open source software as the geospatial programming tools in a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database in conjunction with R scripts for pre-processing and post-processing of the datasets. This study provides an overview of the re-development, initial testing phase together with strengths, limitations and future prospects of the new system. AirGIS has been re-evaluated against various long-term and short-term field measurements. The present study gives a brief overview of the evaluation and shows the main results and conclusions derived from this validation.
Status Report to the ISOLDE and Neutron Time-of-Flight Committee IS 456 Study of polonium isotopes ground-state properties by simultaneous atomic and nuclear spectroscopy September 25 , 2019

The aim of this experiment remains unchanged from its standing addendum. We propose to complete the study of the ground-state and long-lived isomeric-state properties in Po isotopes, which studies at ISOLDE are usually prevented by the preponderant isobaric Fr contamination. To overcome this problem, the RILIS in the LIST mode will be utilized. The new data will be used to delineate the region of charge-radii odd-even staggering reversal for Z > 82, N > 126; to study the properties of high-spin states with longer half-lives in the vicinity of N = 126; and to study the systematic α-decay properties in neutron-rich pre-actinide nuclei to test calculations from density functional theory in the region. Requested shifts: 22.5 shifts, (split into 1 run over 1 year) This Status Report follows from document INTC-P-222-ADD-2.