Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation Study of TCP Performance over Multi-Hop Ad Hoc Networks

TCP protocol generally suffers from poor performance and network unfairness problems over multi-hop ad hoc networks. As designed for wired networks only, the legacy TCP always induces the over-reaction of network failure and hurts the quality of end-to-end connection in ad hoc networks. In this case, improvements have been proposed in the literature to help TCP to be aware of the different types of losses. This paper focuses on simulation study of the TCP performance over multi-hop wireless mobile ad hoc networks, based on the existing TCP implementations, such as TCP-NewReno and TCP-FeW. Our research shows that the TCP-FeW scheme outperforms TCP-NewReno in terms of throughput, while its congestion window and end-to-end delay remains much smaller than the latter.
MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES MADE OF UV-CURABLE GLUE (NOA81) FOR FLUORESCENCE DETECTION BASED APPLICATIONS

The UV-curable adhesive NOA81 (Norland Optical Adhesive) is a promising liquid photopolymer for low-cost microfluidic chip production. Different fabrication methods for NOA81 are suggested [1,2]. However, optical characterization for fluorescent based detection systems is missing. We present a comparison of fluorescent emissionspectra of various NOA types as well as the time evolution of the spectra of the most promising one - NOA81. We report on a simple rapid prototyping technique to produce chips for fluorescent based capillary electrophoresis (CE). As an application, we show the CE-injection of a fluorescent dye, and its detection by fluorescence microscopy.
Using the MMPI-2-RF to Characterize Defendants Evaluated for Competency to Stand Trial and Criminal Responsibility

ABSTRACT This study sought to provide more specific comparison groups for examiners using the MMPI-2-RF in criminal forensic evaluations, as well as to expand upon the existing literature by comparing defendants evaluated for Competency to Stand Trial (CST) and Criminal Responsibility (CR) on psychological functioning. In a large pre-trial criminal defendant sample (n = 486), significant differences were observed between defendants evaluated for CST and those evaluated for CR on scales reflecting emotional and externalizing dysfunction, but not thought dysfunction. Moreover, those opined competent to stand trial by forensic examiners scored lower than those opined incompetent on measures of psychoticism/paranoia, whereas those opined not criminally responsible were less likely to exhibit externalizing psychopathology relative to those opined to be criminally responsible. Implications for forensic psychology practice are discussed.
PAK1 Mediates Resistance to PI3K Inhibition in Lymphomas

Purpose: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is known to play an active role in many malignancies. The role of PI3K inhibition in the treatment of lymphomas has not been fully delineated. We sought to identify a role for therapeutic PI3K inhibition across a range of B-cell lymphomas. Experimental Design: We selected three small molecule inhibitors to test in a panel of 60 cell lines that comprised diverse lymphoma types. We tested the selective PI3K inhibitor BKM120 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors BEZ235 and BGT226 in these cell lines. We applied gene expression profiling to better understand the molecular mechanisms associated with responsiveness to these drugs. Results: We found that higher expression of the PAK1 gene was significantly associated with resistance to all three PI3K inhibitors. Through RNA–interference-mediated knockdown of the PAK1 gene, we showed a dramatic increase in the sensitivity to PI3K inhibition. We further tested a small-molecule inhibitor of PAK1 and found significant synergy between PI3K and PAK1 inhibition. Conclusion: Thus, we show that PI3K inhibition is broadly effective in lymphomas and PAK1 is a key modulator of resistance to PI3K inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1106–15. ©2012 AACR.
MINOR MERGERS AND THE SIZE EVOLUTION OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

Using a high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the formation of a massive spheroidal galaxy we show that elliptical galaxies can be very compact and massive at high redshift in agreement with recent observations. Accretion of stripped infalling stellar material increases the size of the system with time and the central concentration is reduced by dynamical friction of the surviving stellar cores. In a specific case of a spheroidal galaxy with a final stellar mass of 1.5 × 1011 M☉ we find that the effective radius re increases from 0.7 ± 0.2 kpc at z = 3 to re = 2.4 ± 0.4 kpc at z = 0 with a concomitant decrease in the effective density of an order of magnitude and a decrease of the central velocity dispersion by approximately 20% over this time interval. A simple argument based on the virial theorem shows that during the accretion of weakly bound material (minor mergers) the radius can increase as the square of the mass in contrast to the usual linear rate of increase for major mergers. By undergoing minor mergers compact high-redshift spheroids can evolve into present-day systems with sizes and concentrations similar to observed local ellipticals. This indicates that minor mergers may be the main driver for the late evolution of sizes and densities of early-type galaxies.
Review of Recent Progress of Plasmonic Materials and Nano-Structures for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has demonstrated single-molecule sensitivity and is becoming intensively investigated due to its significant potential in chemical and biomedical applications. SERS sensing is highly dependent on the substrate, where excitation of the localized surface plasmons (LSPs) enhances the Raman scattering signals of proximate analyte molecules. This paper reviews research progress of SERS substrates based on both plasmonic materials and nano-photonic structures. We first discuss basic plasmonic materials, such as metallic nanoparticles and nano-rods prepared by conventional bottom-up chemical synthesis processes. Then, we review rationally-designed plasmonic nano-structures created by top-down approaches or fine-controlled synthesis with high-density hot-spots to provide large SERS enhancement factors (EFs). Finally, we discuss the research progress of hybrid SERS substrates through the integration of plasmonic nano-structures with other nano-photonic devices, such as photonic crystals, bio-enabled nanomaterials, guided-wave systems, micro-fluidics and graphene.
The Stellar Halo in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Mass, Luminosity, and Microlensing Predictions

Recently obtained kinematic data have shown that the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) possesses an old stellar halo. In order to further characterize the properties of this halo, parametric King models are fitted to the surface density of RR Lyrae stars. Using data from both the MACHO and OGLE II microlensing surveys, the model fits yield the center of their distribution at α = 5h21. ͫ1 ± 0. ͫ8, δ = -69°45′ ± 6′ (J2000.0) and a core radius of 1.42 ± 0.12 kpc. As a check, the halo model is compared with RR Lyrae star counts in fields near the LMC's periphery previously surveyed with photographic plates. These data, however, require a cautious interpretation. Several topics regarding the LMC stellar halo are discussed. First, the properties of the halo imply a global mass-to-light ratio of M/LV = 5.3 ± 2.1 and a total mass of × 1010 M☉ for the LMC, in good agreement with estimates based on the rotation curve. Second, although the LMC's disk and halo are kinematically distinct, the shape of the surface density profile of the halo is remarkably similar to that of the young disk. For example, the best-fit exponential scale length for the RR Lyrae stars is 1.47 ± 0.08 kpc, which compares to 1.46 kpc for the LMC's blue light. In the Galaxy, the halo and disk do not resemble each other like this. Finally, a local maximum in the LMC's microlensing optical depth due to halo-on-disk stellar self-lensing is predicted. For the parameters of the stellar halo obtained, this maximum is located near MACHO events LMC-4 and LMC-23 and is large enough to possibly account for these two events but not for all of the observed microlensing.
Modeling analysis of the global and microscopic distribution of immunoglobulin G, F(ab')2, and Fab in tumors.

In order to understand the pharmacology of monoclonal antibodies and their conjugates, one must consider both global and microscopic aspects of antibody distribution. Here we present an analysis of antibody distribution in tumors based on the following factors: (a) molecular weight and valence of the antibody; (b) global pharmacokinetic profile following i.v. bolus injection; (c) penetration through the vascular wall; (d) diffusive and convective transport through interstitial space in the tumor; (e) antigen-antibody interaction; (f) antibody metabolism. Partial differential equations were developed to incorporate these factors and then solved numerically using parameter values from animal experiments, from clinical protocols at our institution, from studies of antibody binding characteristics in vitro, and from the literature. Salient findings from this model are that (a) antigen-antibody interaction in the tumor can retard antibody percolation away from blood capillaries, thus constituting a "binding site barrier"; (b) high antibody affinity tends to decrease antibody penetration and result in a more heterogeneous distribution; (c) high molecular weight [IgG greater than F(ab')2 greater than Fab] slows percolation and results in less uniform spatial distribution; (d) the average antibody concentration in the tumor does not increase linearly with antibody dose; (e) raising the rate of antibody metabolism results in low concentration and poor percolation; (f) perhaps most interesting, there is predicted to be a range of antibody dose and affinity within which the specificity ratio and average concentration could be kept high while limiting the heterogeneity of distribution. PERC, the computer program package developed for these analyses, provides a convenient and flexible way to assess the impact of global and microscopic parameters on the distribution of immunoglobulin in tumors. For calculations presented here, the input data were obtained from experimental sources, and qualitative features of the output proved consistent with the few interpretable observations available. However, detailed validation would require much more data than are currently at hand. The mathematical findings should therefore be considered as aids to concept development and as a set of null hypotheses with which to guide experimentation. Experiments and simulations will continue in tandem. It should be noted that the PERC package (and also the general principles delineated here) can be applied as well to biological ligands other than antibodies.
Les élections partielles au Québec : caractéristiques et tendances

Les elections partielles ont-elles les memes caracteristiques et suivent-elles les memes tendances que les elections generales ? Nous proposons une analyse du taux de participation et de la performance des petits partis lors des elections partielles quebecoises depuis 1970. Nous examinons egalement la performance des deputes elus lors de partielles aux elections generales subsequentes. Finalement, nous verifions si les elections complementaires constituent, comme plusieurs le pensent, des referendums sur le gouvernement. En bref, nous tentons de determiner les dynamiques electorales propres aux elections partielles ainsi que leur importance dans la vie politique quebecoise.
network The Her7 node modulates the network topology of the zebrafish segmentation clock via sequestration of the Hes6

2010; Shankaran et al., 2007; Sieger et al., 2006; Sieger et al., 2004). To understand the zebrafish segmentation clock network, a better characterization of the biochemical properties of the Her proteins is necessary. These proteins have four highly conserved domains: the basic domain, the helix-loop-helix, the orange domain and the WRPW motif. The basic domain forms a continuous  -helix SUMMARY Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we define a network of Her/Hes dimers underlying transcriptional negative feedback within the zebrafish segmentation clock. Some of the dimers do not appear to be DNA-binding, whereas those dimers that do interact with DNA have distinct preferences for cis regulatory sequences. Dimerization is specific, with Hes6 serving as the hub of the network. Her1 binds DNA only as a homodimer but will also dimerize with Hes6. Her12 and Her15 bind DNA both as homodimers and as heterodimers with Hes6. Her7 dimerizes strongly with Hes6 and weakly with Her15. This network structure engenders specific network dynamics and imparts greater influence to the Her7 node. Computational analysis supports the hypothesis that Her7 disproportionately influences the availability of Hes6 to heterodimerize with other Her proteins. Genetic experiments suggest that this regulation is important for operation of the network. Her7 therefore has two functions within the zebrafish segmentation clock. Her7 acts directly within the delayed negative feedback as a DNA-binding heterodimer with Hes6. Her7 also has an emergent function, independent of DNA binding, in which it modulates network topology via sequestration of the network
Studying the impact of hardware prefetching and bandwidth partitioning in chip-multiprocessors

Modern high performance microprocessors widely employ hardware prefetching technique to hide long memory access latency. While very useful, hardware prefetching tends to aggravate the bandwidth wall, a problem where system performance is increasingly limited by the availability of the off-chip pin bandwidth in Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs). In this paper, we propose an analytical model-based study to investigate how hardware prefetching and memory bandwidth partitioning impact CMP system performance and how they interact. The model includes a composite prefetching metric that can help determine under which conditions prefetching can improve system performance, a bandwidth partitioning model that takes into account prefetching effects, and a derivation of the weighted speedup optimum bandwidth partition sizes for different cores. Through model-driven case studies, we find several interesting observations that can be valuable for future CMP system design and optimization. We also explore simulation-based empirical evaluation to validate the observations and show that maximum system performance can be achieved by selective prefetching, guided by the composite prefetching metric, coupled with dynamic bandwidth partitioning.
Single Agent Polysaccharopeptide Delays Metastases and Improves Survival in Naturally Occurring Hemangiosarcoma

The 2008 World Health Organization World Cancer Report describes global cancer incidence soaring with many patients living in countries that lack resources for cancer control. Alternative treatment strategies that can reduce the global disease burden at manageable costs must be developed. Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is the bioactive agent from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. Studies indicate PSP has in vitro antitumor activities and inhibits the growth of induced tumors in animal models. Clear evidence of clinically relevant benefits of PSP in cancer patients, however, is lacking. The investment of resources required to complete large-scale, randomized controlled trials of PSP in cancer patients is more easily justified if antitumor and survival benefits are documented in a complex animal model of a naturally occurring cancer that parallels human disease. Because of its high metastatic rate and vascular origin, canine hemangiosarcoma is used for investigations in antimetastatic and antiangiogenic therapies. In this double-blind randomized multidose pilot study, high-dose PSP significantly delayed the progression of metastases and afforded the longest survival times reported in canine hemangiosarcoma. These data suggest that, for those cancer patients for whom advanced treatments are not accessible, PSP as a single agent might offer significant improvements in morbidity and mortality.
SPEE : A Secure Program Execution Environment Tool Using Static and Dynamic Code Verification

With the growing number of successful computer attacks, especially those using the Internet and exploiting the vulnerabilities in the software and applications, software protection has become an important issue in computer security. This paper proposes a system – SPEE – for software integrity protection and authentication and presents performance results. Our system architecture utilizes key components from the compiler process and operating system features, and provides static verification before execution and code block verification at runtime thereby providing a secure program execution environment. Integrity checking is performed by means of a hashing scheme, which not only detects changes but isolates these changes in O(log N) time, where N is the number of code blocks in the executable. The SPEE tool is designed to function as part of the operating system kernel and provides a trusted computing system.
DDF construction and D-brane boundary states in pure spinor formalism

Open string boundary conditions for non-BPS D-branes in type II string theories discussed in hep-th/0505157 give rise to two sectors with integer (R sector) and half-integer (NS sector) modes for the combined fermionic matter and bosonic ghost variables in pure spinor formalism. Exploiting the manifest supersymmetry of the formalism we explicitly construct the DDF (Del Giudice, Di Vecchia, Fubini) states in both the sectors which are in one-to-one correspondence with the states in light-cone Green-Schwarz formalism. We also give a proof of validity of this construction. A similar construction in the closed string sector enables us to define a physical Hilbert space in pure spinor formalism which is used to project the covariant boundary states of both the BPS and non-BPS instantonic D-branes. These projected boundary states take exactly the same form as those found in light-cone Green-Schwarz formalism and are suitable for computing the cylinder diagram with manifest open-closed duality.
Routing L-Shaped Channels in Nonslicing-Structure Placement

The concept of L-shaped channels was first introduced in RRDO [1] to generate a feasible routing order for nonslicing-structure placement in building-block layout design. This paper presents two approaches for the L-shaped channel-routing problem. In the Manhattan approach, only horizontal and vertical wires are used. The L-shaped channel is divided into two subchannels. The vertical subchannel will be routed first, then the horizontal subchannel will be routed by a special channel router which can handle fixed terminals on 3 sides. Since the routing constraints will change during the boundary movement, several iterations may be needed to complete the routing. In the non-Manhattan approach, 45° wires are used to preserve the routing constraints when the boundary is moved in the 45° direction. With all the vertical constraints substituted by 45° constraints, the L-shaped channel-routing problem can be directly mapped into the straight-type channel-routing problem. Horizontal or vertical extension wires are used to connect terminals on an indented boundary and to separate terminals which are too close to allow the generation of 45° wires. Experimental results show that both approaches provide good solutions to the L-shaped channel-routing problem.
Attenuation in Transferred RF Power to a Biomedical Implant due to the Absorption of Biological Tissue

In a transcutanious inductive coupling of a biomedical implant, a new formula is given for the study of the Radio Frequency power attenuation by the biological tissue. The loss of the signal power is related to its interaction with the biological tissue and the composition of this one. A confrontation with the practical measurements done with a synthetic muscle into a Faraday cage, allowed a checking of the obtained theoretical results. The supply/data transfer systems used in the case of biomedical implants, can be well dimensioned by taking in account this type of power attenuation. Keywords—Biological tissue, coupled coils, implanted device, power attenuation.
Dynamic analysis and control synthesis of a spherical wheeled robot (Ballbot)

Ballbot is a mobile robot consists of a body mounting on a spherical wheel. The spherical wheel can make the robot move in any directions. This robot is an unstable underactuated system with nonholonomic velocity constraints. In this paper, first, a 3D dynamic model of the robot is derived while taking the nonholonomic constraints into considerations. Since Ballbot is an underactuated system, finding a normal form for the equations could be helpful in the control point of view. Therefore, the equations of motion are examined to find whether there is a simple normal form or not. To enforce the robot to track any given trajectory on the ground, an online fuzzy logic trajectory planning is suggested. A computed torque method and a sliding mode controller are used along the fuzzy trajectory planning to perform the tracking goal. To consider uncertainties and disturbances, some simulations are performed. The results show that the sliding mode controller demonstrate much better performance compared to the computed torque controller. When there is no uncertainty, the computed torque method is candidate showing less tracking error than the sliding controller.
Beta 1 integrin-dependent and -independent polymerization of fibronectin

The mouse cell line GD25, which lacks expression of the beta 1 family of integrin heterodimers due to disruption of the beta 1 integrin subunit gene, was used for expression of full-length cDNA coding for splice variant A of the mouse beta 1 integrin subunit. In a stably transformed clone (GD25-beta 1A), the expressed protein was found to form functional heterodimeric receptors together with the subunits alpha 3, alpha 5, and alpha 6. Both GD25 and GD25-beta 1A attached to fibronectin and formed focal contacts which contained alpha v beta 3, but no detectable alpha 5 beta 1A. The presence of GRGDS peptide allowed alpha 5 beta 1A to locate to focal contacts of GD25-beta 1A cultured on fibronectin, while the beta 1-null GD25 cells were unable to attach under these conditions. Affinity chromatography revealed that alpha 5 beta 1A and alpha v beta 3 could bind to a large cell-binding fragment of fibronectin. alpha 5 beta 1A strongly promoted polymerization of fibronectin into a fibrillar network on top of the cells. Whereas little alpha v beta 3 was colocalized with the fibronectin fibrils in GD25-beta 1A cells, this integrin was able to support fibronectin fibril polymerization in GD25 cells. However, the alpha v beta 3-induced polymerization was less efficient and occurred mainly in dense cultures of the GD25 cells. Thus, while both alpha 5 beta 1A and alpha v beta 3 are able to support adhesion to fibronectin, alpha v beta 3 dominates in the formation of focal contacts, and alpha 5 beta 1A has a prime function in fibronectin matrix assembly. This is the first report on fibronectin matrix assembly in the absence of beta 1 integrins.