Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survivorship and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management of Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

Background: There are little data on midterm outcomes after the arthroscopic management of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) in young active patients. Purpose: To report outcomes and survivorship for the comprehensive arthroscopic management (CAM) procedure for the treatment of GHOA at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The CAM procedure was performed on a consecutive series of 46 patients (49 shoulders) with advanced GHOA who met criteria for shoulder arthroplasty but instead opted for a joint-preserving, arthroscopic surgical option. The procedure included glenohumeral chondroplasty, capsular release, synovectomy, humeral osteoplasty, axillary nerve neurolysis, subacromial decompression, loose body removal, microfracture, and biceps tenodesis. Outcome measures included the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Short Form–12 (SF-12) Physical Component Summary (PCS), visual analog scale for pain, and satisfaction scores. Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis was performed with failure defined as progression to total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Results: Forty-six consecutive patients (49 shoulders) who underwent a CAM procedure at a minimum of 5 years from surgery were included. Two patients were excluded for refusing to participate before study initiation. The mean age at surgery was 52 years (range, 27-68 years) in 15 women and 29 men. All patients were recreational athletes with 7 former collegiate or professional athletes. Twelve shoulders (26%) progressed to TSA at a mean of 2.6 years (range, 0.5-8.2 years). For survivorship analysis, the status of the shoulder (preservation of the native joint or progression to TSA) at a minimum of 5 years was known for 45 of 47 (96%) shoulders. Survivorship was 95.6% at 1 year, 86.7% at 3 years, and 76.9% at 5 years. For surviving shoulders, minimum 5-year subjective outcome data were available for 28 of 32 (87.5%) shoulders at a mean of 5.7 years (range, 5-8 years). The mean (±SD) ASES score was 84.5 ± 17, the mean SANE score was 82 ± 18, the mean QuickDASH score was 15 ± 13, the mean SF-12 PCS score was 51.0 ± 9.1, and median patient satisfaction was 9 of a possible 10 points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant improvements in midterm clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction after the arthroscopic CAM procedure for GHOA, with a 76.9% survivorship rate at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively. For patients looking for an alternative to TSA, the CAM procedure can provide reasonable outcomes and should be considered an effective procedure in appropriately selected, young active patients. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term outcomes and durability after this procedure.
Why MNCs tend to concentrate their activities in their home region

Purpose – The current paper seeks to analyze to what degree theories from different fields of social science are able to explain the home‐region orientation of MNCs. This is necessary since there has been only a relatively narrow, economics‐oriented explanation for such an orientation.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is based on a thorough review of the literature that refers to a MNC's home‐region orientation and on different theories from the social sciences.Findings – The paper shows that several theories from economics, psychology, and sociology are able to explain an MNC's home‐region orientation.Research limitations/implications – The paper contributes to the development of a more multi‐faceted explanation of why MNCs generally prefer a home‐region orientation. The paper derives propositions that are consistent with each theory. These propositions can be tested empirically in subsequent research studies.Originality/value – The paper discusses a number of different theories and streams of r.
Lessons learned in andrology: looking at the spermatozoa in context

Erma Z. Drobnis began her academic career with a BA degree in mathematics. After a year in the Peace Corps working on a goat meat production project, she continued her work on goats with a master’s project on sperm cryopreservation, thus becoming an andrologist. After completing her MS in Animal Science at Cal Poly Pomona, she began doctoral work at the University of California, Davis, initially continuing to work on goat sperm cryopreservation. There she met David F. Katz and was drawn to his work on the biophysics of sperm motility. She spent 13 years with the Overstreet and Katz group, completing her thesis on the mechanics of sperm penetration of the cumulus matrix and zona pellucida with David Katz; postdoctoral work on sperm cryobiology with James W. Overstreet and John H. Crowe; and research as adjunct faculty. For the last 20 plus years she has been director of the clinical andrology laboratory at the University of Missouri, Columbia, conducting research; teaching in the medical school; and assisting Ob/Gyn faculty and residents with statistics. Notable has been her epidemiology work with Shanna H. Swan and her sperm glycobiology work with Gary F. Clark. She has been a member of the American Society of Andrology and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (formerly the American Fertility Society) for nearly 30 years and was a charter member of the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology.
Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung volume recruitment in a preterm pig model of lung immaturity

Esmond L. Arrindell, Jr.,* Ramesh Krishnan,* Marie van der Merwe, Frank Caminita, Scott C. Howard, Jie Zhang, and Randal K. Buddington Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; Dräger Medical Inc., Telford, Pennsylvania; and Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
Metabolomic investigation of CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in affected South Hampshire sheep

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs; Batten disease) are a group of fatal inherited neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals distinguished by a common clinical pathology, characteristic storage body accumulation in cells, and gross brain atrophy. An 1H NMR spectroscopy‐ and GC‐MS‐based metabolomic investigation of changes in the cerebellum, frontal and occipital lobes, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of CLN6 NCL affected South Hampshire sheep charted changes from the preclinical state to advanced disease. Glutamine and succinate concentrations increased in all brain regions in affected sheep relative to controls, whereas concentrations of aspartate, acetate, glutamate, N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) decreased. Changes in the concentrations of inositols, NAA, and GABA were consistent with glial cell activation and neurodegeneration beginning in the frontal and occipital lobes, in agreement with previous histopathological data. Further metabolic deficits were defined in all regions at earlier time points, including the cerebellum, where very little neurological degeneration has been reported. Biochemical abnormalities in the CSF of affected sheep at 18–31 months include relative increases in lactate, acetate, tyrosine, and creatine/creatinine concentrations and decreases in myo‐ and scyllo‐inositol and citrate concentrations. The changes detected in the CSF and brain tissue mirrored those previously apparent in NCL mouse models, suggesting that they are common to all NCLs. However, the changes in glutamate and glutamine concentrations in CSF occurred after clinical disease, indicating that any changes in glutamate/glutamine cycling occur as a consequence of the primary deficits associated with the NCLs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Endoscopic Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Tumors

Ultrasonographic evaluation of colorectal diseases has been realized by the development of echocolonoscopes. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed in 90 cases of colorectal tumor, and the diagnostic yields were assessed; the cases included 72 with cancer, 13 with polyp, and 5 with submucosal tumor. With respect to cancer extent, EUS correctly estimated the depth of cancer invasion in 84.9% of 53 cases in which the lesion was appropriately visualized. Paraintestinal lymph node metastasis was detected in 38.1%. EUS was not so successful in the evaluation of polyps, since the histological types could not be differentiated, nor could the focus of cancer in adenoma be demonstrated. EUS was effective in the differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors, since the ultrasonographic features varied by histological types.
Investment and Second Language Acquisition

The article argues that Norton Peirce's (1995) concept of a language learner's investment should figure centrally in how instructors address the needs of adult learners in ESL classrooms. Investment is discussed in relation to second language acquisition research that addresses the role of social factors in second language acquisition. The article then expands on the nature of the relationship between an instructor and students in terms of engaging and sustaining investment in the target language. Finally, the article suggests directions for further research in applying the concept of investment to classroom practice.
Environmental associations with gene transcription in Babine Lake rainbow trout: evidence for local adaptation

The molecular genetic mechanisms facilitating local adaptation in salmonids continue to be poorly characterized. Gene transcription is a highly regulated step in the expression of a phenotype and it has been shown to respond to selection and thus may be one mechanism that facilitates the development of local adaptation. Advances in molecular genetic tools and an increased understanding of the functional roles of specific genes allow us to test hypotheses concerning the role of variable environments in shaping transcription at known-function candidate loci. To address these hypotheses, wild rainbow trout were collected in their first summer and subjected to metabolic and immune challenges. We assayed gene transcription at candidate loci that play a role in the molecular genetic response to these stresses, and correlated transcription with temperature data from the streams and the abundance and diversity of bacteria as characterized by massively parallel pyrosequencing. Patterns of transcriptional regulation from resting to induced levels varied among populations for both treatments. Co-inertia analysis demonstrated significant associations between resting levels of metabolic gene transcription and thermal regime (R2 = 0.19, P = 0.013) as well as in response to challenge (R2 = 0.39, P = 0.001) and resting state and challenged levels of cytokine gene transcription with relative abundances of bacteria (resting: R2 = 0.25, P = 0.009, challenged: R2 = 0.65, P = 0.001). These results show that variable environments, even within a small geographic range (<250 km), can drive divergent selection among populations for transcription of genes related to surviving stress.
Examining the Assumptive World Views of Parents Bereaved by Accident, Murder, and Illness

The present study examines the impact of various types of loss on the assumptive world views of bereaved parents. The World Assumptions Scale (WAS) and the Revised Grief Experience Inventory were administered to 135 parents bereaved by homicide (N = 64), accident (N = 37), and illness (N = 34), and to non-bereaved control parents (N = 30). Bereaved parents held more negative views of the benevolence of the world and reported lower self-worth. No differences were found on the meaningfulness of the world dimension. Parents bereaved by unexpected deaths (homicides and accidents) demonstrated more negative views on benevolence than parents bereaved by expected deaths (illnesses). Parents bereaved by homicide demonstrated the lowest sense of self-worth. Parents bereaved by fatal illness demonstrated the most negative meaningfulness scores. WAS scores were highly predictive of grief intensity; the gender of the deceased child and amount of time elapsed since death were not. Results were compared to earlier findings, and clinical implications are discussed herein.
Gate dielectric breakdown: A focus on ESD protection

The challenge of electrostatic discharge (ESD) design is that as scaling continues and operating voltages are lowered, the interface to the outside world and therefore the ESD specifications remain the same. Moreover, as has been highlighted by Duvvury et al. (1996), the first breakdown voltage for snapback of a transistor and the median breakdown voltage of the gate dielectric are converging, making it difficult to ensure the robustness of gate dielectrics in an ESD event. This is particularly true for 1V I/O's in high-speed, high-performance applications, where transistor gates may be directly connected to an external pin or NFETs may be used as compact decoupling capacitors between VDD and VSS, exposing the thin gate dielectric to ESD stress. The ESD protection and interconnects can both contribute voltage drops during an ESD pulse, and their sum must not be higher than the voltage which a dielectric can withstand. Especially alarming is the fact that in the sub-2nm regime, significant statistical variation exists as well as a dependence on area for dielectric breakdown. A vast knowledge base exists for oxide breakdown in the long time-scale, and a few publications have addressed short time-scales. For the most part, studies which described breakdowns at short times have used methodology developed for thicker oxides. In the case of thinner oxides or oxynitrides, the voltage acceleration is no longer 1/E, the dielectric breakdown voltage depends sensitively on the dielectric area, and small differences in thickness have a significant effect on the dielectric breakdown voltage. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the relevance of long time-scale TDDB data in predicting the response to short time-scale ESD events, especially for sub-2nm dielectrics in both NFETS and PFETS.
A kind of algorithm for page ranking based on classified tree in search engine

Algorithm of page ranking is the core of search engine. This paper proposes a new type of algorithm of page ranking by combining classified tree with static algorithm of page ranking-PageRank, which enables the classified tree to be constructed according to a large number of users' similar searching results, and can obviously reduce the problem of Theme-Drift, caused by using PageRank only, and problem of outdated web pages. It improves the searching efficiency without reducing the searching speed, which provides the users with the abundant expanded information relevant to searching content.
Separations in query complexity based on pointer functions

In 1986, Saks and Wigderson conjectured that the largest separation between deterministic and zero-error randomized query complexity for a total boolean function is given by the function f on n=2k bits defined by a complete binary tree of NAND gates of depth k, which achieves R0(f) = O(D(f)0.7537…). We show this is false by giving an example of a total boolean function f on n bits whose deterministic query complexity is Ω(n/log(n)) while its zero-error randomized query complexity is Õ(√n). We further show that the quantum query complexity of the same function is Õ(n1/4), giving the first example of a total function with a super-quadratic gap between its quantum and deterministic query complexities. We also construct a total boolean function g on n variables that has zero-error randomized query complexity Ω(n/log(n)) and bounded-error randomized query complexity R(g) = Õ(√n). This is the first super-linear separation between these two complexity measures. The exact quantum query complexity of the same function is QE(g) = Õ(√n). These functions show that the relations D(f) = O(R1(f)2) and R0(f) = Õ(R(f)2) are optimal, up to poly-logarithmic factors. Further variations of these functions give additional separations between other query complexity measures: a cubic separation between Q and R0, a 3/2-power separation between QE and R, and a 4th power separation between approximate degree and bounded-error randomized query complexity. All of these examples are variants of a function recently introduced by Goos, Pitassi, and Watson which they used to separate the unambiguous 1-certificate complexity from deterministic query complexity and to resolve the famous Clique versus Independent Set problem in communication complexity.
Solving the Closest Vector Problem in $2^n$ Time - The Discrete Gaussian Strikes Again!

We give a $2^{n+o(n)}$-time and space randomized algorithm for solving the exact Closest Vector Problem (CVP) on $n$-dimensional Euclidean lattices. This improves on the previous fastest algorithm, the deterministic $\widetilde{O}(4^{n})$-time and $\widetilde{O}(2^{n})$-space algorithm of Micciancio and Voulgaris. We achieve our main result in three steps. First, we show how to modify the sampling algorithm from [ADRS15] to solve the problem of discrete Gaussian sampling over lattice shifts, $L- t$, with very low parameters. While the actual algorithm is a natural generalization of [ADRS15], the analysis uses substantial new ideas. This yields a $2^{n+o(n)}$-time algorithm for approximate CVP for any approximation factor $\gamma = 1+2^{-o(n/\log n)}$. Second, we show that the approximate closest vectors to a target vector $t$ can be grouped into "lower-dimensional clusters," and we use this to obtain a recursive reduction from exact CVP to a variant of approximate CVP that "behaves well with these clusters. " Third, we show that our discrete Gaussian sampling algorithm can be used to solve this variant of approximate CVP. The analysis depends crucially on some new properties of the discrete Gaussian distribution and approximate closest vectors, which might be of independent interest.
Broca's area: Motor encoding in somatic space

Abstract Encoding articulate speech is widely accepted as the principal (or sole) role of the frontal operculum. Clinical observations of speech apraxia have been confirmed by brain-imaging studies of speech production. We present evidence that the frontal operculum also programs limb movements. We argue that this area is a ventral counterpart of the dorsal premotor area. The two are functionally distinguished by specialization for somatic and visual space, respectively.
Disomic Inheritance and Segregation Distortion of SSR Markers in Two Populations of Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon

Common bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon] is economically and environmentally the most important member among Cynodon species because of its extensive use for turf, forage and soil erosion control in the world. However, information regarding the inheritance within the taxon is limited. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to determine qualitative inheritance mode in common bermudagrass. Two tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36), first-generation selfed (S1) populations, 228 progenies of ‘Zebra’ and 273 from A12359, were analyzed for segregation with 21 and 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, respectively. It is concluded that the inheritance mode of tetraploid bermudagrass was complete or near complete disomic. It is evident that the two bermudagrass parents had an allotetraploid genome with two distinct subgenomes since 33 SSR primer pairs amplified 34 loci, each having two alleles. Severe transmission ratio distortions occurred in the Zebra population while less so in the A12359 population. The findings of disomic inheritance and segregation ratio distortion in common bermudagrass is significant in subsequent linkage map construction, quantitative trait locus mapping and marker-assisted selection in the species.
Placebo Use in the United Kingdom: Results from a National Survey of Primary Care Practitioners

Objectives Surveys in various countries suggest 17% to 80% of doctors prescribe ‘placebos’ in routine practice, but prevalence of placebo use in UK primary care is unknown. Methods We administered a web-based questionnaire to a representative sample of UK general practitioners. Following surveys conducted in other countries we divided placebos into ‘pure’ and ‘impure’. ‘Impure’ placebos are interventions with clear efficacy for certain conditions but are prescribed for ailments where their efficacy is unknown, such as antibiotics for suspected viral infections. ‘Pure’ placebos are interventions such as sugar pills or saline injections without direct pharmacologically active ingredients for the condition being treated. We initiated the survey in April 2012. Two reminders were sent and electronic data collection closed after 4 weeks. Results We surveyed 1715 general practitioners and 783 (46%) completed our questionnaire. Our respondents were similar to those of all registered UK doctors suggesting our results are generalizable. 12% (95% CI 10 to 15) of respondents used pure placebos while 97% (95% CI 96 to 98) used impure placebos at least once in their career. 1% of respondents used pure placebos, and 77% (95% CI 74 to 79) used impure placebos at least once per week. Most (66% for pure, 84% for impure) respondents stated placebos were ethical in some circumstances. Conclusion and implications Placebo use is common in primary care but questions remain about their benefits, harms, costs, and whether they can be delivered ethically. Further research is required to investigate ethically acceptable and cost-effective placebo interventions.
Measurement of Human Performance in Complex Task Environments

This article outlines a model of human performance representing an alterna- tive to studying human interaction in complex systems solely as a function of traditional performance measures (i.e., speed- and accuracy-based measures taken from the system itself). The model described was developed to focus on pilot/operator strategies as they are formulated in the context of the task en- vironment. This model facilitated the development of human-system interac- tion (HSI) measures which allow the quantitative assessment of operator strategies, in terms of the functions affected and the sequence of actions taken in response to external challenges. In conjunction with the more tradi- tional pilot performance measures, HSI measures can be used to investigate how strategic responses impact overt performance.
Weyl filters for linear array data

The Weyl transform, which is closely connected to the Wigner distribution, allows one to reconstruct (temporally and spatially) localized frequency-wavenumber spectral components. Such filters were suggested in time-frequency analysis by Kozek and Hlawatsch (1992). The theory can be naturally extended to signals recorded in space and time. Thereby, wavefield components with predefined varying spectral properties like, for example, wavefront curvature, can be synthesized. The numerical implementation of such filters is in the most general case a computationally expensive task. We present a simplified implementation, which assumes a specially shaped filter pass region. The assumption resembles a ray approximation and allows one to track a temporally and spatially unidimensional wavefield recording for curved wavefronts in reasonable computation times. The suitability of the method is demonstrated by synthetic data and seismic field data, although it is quite general and not restricted to seismic applications.