Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Australia and the Global LNG Market

Australian exports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) will rise significantly over the next few years as a number of large-scale investment projects reach completion. The bulk of these exports will be to Asian customers under long-term contracts, with their price linked to the price of oil. The Asia-Pacific LNG market over the next decade will be influenced by potential changes to the composition of Asian energy demand, the magnitude of the increase of US LNG exports to Asia and any changes to the traditional oil-based pricing mechanism. The ramp-up in LNG production will boost Australian output and incomes over the next few years; however, the effect on Australia’s living standards will be lessened to some extent by the high level of foreign ownership and the relatively low labour intensity of LNG production.
Redox Regulation of Forkhead Proteins Through a p66shc-Dependent Signaling Pathway

Genetic determinants of longevity include the forkhead-related transcription factor DAF-16 in the worm Caenorhabditis elegansand the p66shc locus in mice. We demonstrate thatp66shc regulates intracellular oxidant levels in mammalian cells and that hydrogen peroxide can negatively regulate forkhead activity. In p66shc –/– cells, the activity of the mammalian forkhead homolog FKHRL1 is increased and redox-dependent forkhead inactivation is reduced. In addition, expression of FKHRL1 results in an increase in both hydrogen peroxide scavenging and oxidative stress resistance. These results demonstrate an important functional relation between three distinct elements linked to aging: forkhead proteins, p66shc, and intracellular oxidants.
Security in the age of networks

Using the literature on the networked society as a starting point, this article argues that security can also be conceptualized as being produced by various networks of actors—public and private. This approach eschews the usual debate between those who defend the pre‐eminence of the state (general interest) and those in favour of a plural mode of security production (market‐oriented) to focus instead on the shared complex morphology that characterizes security assemblages in the present era: networks. Security networks are found in both Anglo‐Saxon and Continental societies at the local, institutional, international and informational levels. In order to overcome the descriptive tendency of network approaches, a dynamic framework based on the capital metaphor shows how each actor of a security network mobilizes distinct forms of resources in order to maximize its position in the network. This framework can be applied to chart the emergence and transformation of security networks and the strategies deployed by their nodes.
The business of sports and the manufacturing of global social inequality.

Modern sport has been epitomised as the most successful export of Western civilisation, being of even wider appeal than democracy, egalitarianism and capitalism. While for some factions within the world’s societies, the meanings of representative political participation, equal employment opportunities, and even basic human rights are often the subject of heated debate, there seems to be almost unanimous consent to the beauty of sporting victory, the value of a gold medal, or the fascination of a new record. However, the celebration of sport as universal cultural property disguises the political economy of sport in contemporary society and the more down-to-earth corporate interests behind the spread of Western sport. First of all, both the wealth of nations and their inhabitants have great impact upon the diversity of sport opportunities, the quality of sport facilities and the issue of access rights. This is the case because a viable sport infrastructure requires a stable allocation of resources, either by public or by private bodies, and the arrangement of these players ultimately decides whether sport is rather regarded as public policy or private business. Even though mass sport politics and the sport industry are distinctive fields, they are actually mutually dependent and linked to each other by various channels, most noteworthy sport governing bodies and the media. Hence the development of sport into a key market for global capital accumulation, which started in line with the rise of the current neo-liberal paradigm in the early 1980s, left its marks on the non-profit sector of amateur sport. Dealing with the numerous social, political, and economic relationships and processes – including centres and peripheries, global labour migration, multinational corporations and transnational media industries, regionalism and nationalism, commercialism and consumerism – case studies from the field of large-scale sport events and football, the flagship of global sports, illuminate the interconnectedness between sport and the agents, structures, and processes of global capitalism.
Atypical Forms of Microscopic Colitis: Morphological Features and Review of the Literature

Microscopic colitis is defined as a syndrome of chronic watery diarrhea with a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in the colonic mucosa but without significant abnormalities at colonoscopy. It encompasses at least two histopathologic entities (ie, collagenous and lymphocytic colitis). The recognition and characterization of microscopic colitis has markedly changed the approach to the evaluation and management of chronic diarrhea. The histologic features of collagenous and lymphocytic colitis are well known to most pathologists. By considering the clinical history and symptoms, the pathologist should be able to reach the correct diagnosis in most cases. However, the spectrum of morphologic changes associated with watery diarrhea syndrome appears to be broader than originally thought. Morphologic changes more often associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease or even chronic ischemic or infectious colitis have been noted in patients with clinically established microscopic colitis. The data presented in this article suggest that microscopic colitis is a heterogeneous entity, which includes both classic and “atypical” forms. Problems arise when cases do not fit the usual pattern or lack some of the findings that are expected. Pathologists should be aware of the presence of atypical forms of microscopic colitis.
The Use of NPV and CAPM for Capital Budgeting is Not a Good Idea: A Reply to De Reyck (2005)

In Magni [Eur. J. Operat. Res. 137 (2002) 206] I present some inconsistencies implicit in thenet-present-value criterion, as currently used in finance. This paper shows that the standard use of CAPM for capital budgeting, based on disequilibrium values, is at odds with arbitrage theory, and that the corresponding CAPM-based NPV rule is meaningless even in the simplest case, because net present value is any number one wants it to be. Cognitively, this amounts to saying that the NPV procedure leaves decision makers subject to a framing bias; financially, this amounts to saying that additivity does not hold. De Reyck's [Eur. J. Operat. Res. 161 (2005) 499] objection to my thesis is invalid because he mistakes a project's expected rate of return for a project's cost of capital. De Reyck's Proposition, on the basis of which my thesis is criticized, leaves decision makers open to arbitrage losses, because it is an (admittedly interesting) reframing of the security market lineand (as surprising as it might be) the use of the SML for project valuation is incompatible with the no-arbitrage principle. To use NPV and CAPM for capital budgeting is not a good idea.
A compilation of large subunit RNA sequences presented in a structural format.

INTRODUCTION The present review provides a summary of all the published large subunit rRNAs as of December 1987. Instead of the usual linear alignment the sequences are tabulated here as a series of secondary structure diagrams in which individual nucleotides are indicated. The reasons for this departure from past practice are several. The foremost is simply that in our experience this format is more useful. For example, considerable effort is now being expended to study the higher order structure of the large rRNAs. Thus it is common to be reading a paper only to find reference to position X in Sequence Y. With diagrams such as those provided here the reader will be able to readily identify such statements in the context of the known major outline of the secondary structure of Sequence Y or for that matter any other published sequence. Secondarily this collection, as is traditional, tabulates all the currently known sequences in one place. Finally we believe the collection as a whole is educational in that it will make the reader aware of the extent of secondary structure variation in the large subunit RNAs and the magnitude of work that still could be done to further refine the secondary structures by collection of appropriate additional data.
Dinosaurs or dynamos? Recognizing middle management's strategic role

Executive Overview Reengineering has automated and obliterated middle management, and has diminished their number dramatically. What have also been lost in many delayering efforts, however, are the benefits of the strategic roles of middle managers. This article describes how certain middle management behavior is crucial to developing organizational capability. This is a learning process which calls on organizations to interpret the world, uncover new market opportunities, focus existing resources, and accumulate new resources. In our research, we identified a middle management role with each of these elements, and uncovered a strong relationship between the roles and organizational performance. Therefore, rethinking middle management's strategic role is a necessary part of the delayering process, the article closes by illustrating how to encourage strategic behavior in the reengineered organization.
The market for financial report audits : regulation of and competition for auditor independence

The independence of auditors and the quality of financial report audits generally are rarely tested except in circumstances of corporate failure when alleged sub-optimality is present. Often auditors have good defences as to their expertise or competency, but rarely do they have equally convincing defences for the independence of their audit. A major issue for the regulation of auditor independence is that the threats to independence are often subtle and difficult to measure. This paper argues that firms undertaking financial report audits need to be transparent and competitive in respect of auditor independence. Two models that adopt this premise are proposed.
Inflation in epidemiology: “The proof and measurement of association between two things” revisited

The details of methods of statistical analysis used in studies reported in the BMJ will often be skimmed rapidly by readers who want to quickly assimilate the main message. The exact nature of the statistical methods may become a focus of attention, but this can be seen as an arcane area, of interest perhaps to the specialist and pedant, but not to the general reader. Increasingly, however, the particular details of analytical methods can greatly influence the apparent nature and importance of the findings. This can be illustrated by reference to the recent paper and commentaries in the BMJ regarding new analyses of Intersalt data. One potentially contentious area is the manner in which the association between sodium excretion and blood pressure has been “corrected for regression dilution bias. ” For many readers the basic principle of dealing with the underestimation of associations caused by poor measurement may seem reasonable, but the validity of applying the particular corrections which are used has to be taken on trust. Confusion may be increased by the presentation of a set of “updated” corrected estimates, to replace the already corrected estimates given in the initial Intersalt report.1 Comparison of the results reported in different ways reveals the degree to which such “corrections” can alter the picture. The difference in systolic blood pressure associated with 100 mmol higher 24 hour urinary sodium excretion is presented. The latter represents a considerable difference in sodium excretion—roughly two standard deviations in the British Intersalt centres or the difference between the means in the Kenyan and the British centres. In the original report the estimated blood pressure difference across this range was 1.6 mm Hg, which was reduced to 1.0 mm Hg on adjustment for body mass index, alcohol intake, and urinary potassium excretion. Applying an adjustment for regression …
Analysing the interactions of energy and climate policies in a broad policy ‘optimality’ framework: the Italian case study

The paper investigates the effectiveness and efficiency of energy-environmental policy interactions in Italy, adopting a broad optimality perspective that includes policy feasibility and dynamic efficiency. The analysis highlights that though some complementarity among different policies exists, climate policies have been often undermined by energy and renewables policy. Nevertheless, some complementarities among policy landscapes are found, as in the case of the Kyoto Fund (climate policy) and of the incentives and funding towards thermal energy, both acting as a complementary tool to cover non-EU-ETS sectors. Overall, renewables oriented policies bring about efficacy, but this often occurs at the expenses of their efficiency, thus generating a trade-off between these two components of optimality. Finally, incentives for renewables and energy efficiency investments give a mixed signal to improve innovation and to stimulate the green sector. In conclusion, notwithstanding efficacy is present in some cases, cost effectiveness and efficiency are far from being achieved.
Beyond the vocational fragments: Creative work, precarious labour and the idea of ‘Flexploitation’

The subjective experience of employment insecurity may be more contradictory than discourses of ‘fragmentation’ and ‘flexploitation’ suggest. For young people seeking careers in creative occupations, the expectation of insecure employment conditions has become normalised. This may be the combined effect of intergenerational changes in the youth labour market generally, and the nature of employment in creative industries at all career stages. The article draws from 80 life history interviews conducted in Western Sydney, Australia, a region with high concentrations of unemployment and low socio-economic status. Their perspectives problematise the common assumption that young creative workers seek to resist insecure patterns of work or long for the stable jobs of the past. Partly, they have accepted the injunction for ‘vocational restlessness’ in their industries. Both in their ‘day jobs’ and in their attempts to get into their chosen part of the creative industry, they feel that not staying in one position too long can be both liberating and adaptive. Union campaigns highlighting the perils of insecurity are unlikely to resonate with them.
Frequency, phenotype, outcome, and therapeutic impact of skin reactions following initiation of adalimumab therapy: Experience from a consecutive cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients

Background: The monoclonal anti tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody adalimumab has recently been approved for Crohn's disease (CD) and evaluated for ulcerative colitis (UC). Cutaneous lesions associated with its administration have not been prospectively studied in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: We evaluated the first 50 consecutive patients (female n = 30, median age 32½ years, interquartile range [IQR 27–46]) with CD (n = 46) and UC (n = 4) who received adalimumab (82% induction with 160/80 and 94% maintenance with 40 mg subcutaneously biweekly) at our center and were followed up for a median of 17 months [IQR 12–21]. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate skin reaction free survival (SRFS) and Fisher's exact test to examine contingency between demographic variables and outcomes. Results: Sixty‐two percent of all patients developed a dermatological reaction (eczema [n = 9], acne‐like dermatitis [n = 9], psoriasis‐like lesions [n = 6], localized erythema and swelling at injection site [n = 1], dermatitis sicca [n = 1], rosacea [n = 1], prurigo simplex [n = 1], tinea [n = 1], localized herpes simplex [n = 1], and candida [n = 1] infections) that resolved in 12% at follow‐up. SRFS was 12 months [IQR 30–5]. Adalimumab was discontinued in 22% of all patients. Longer disease duration, a lower dose induction schedule, as well as concomitant use of steroids or immunosuppressants were more often associated with an unfavorable skin outcome. Skin outcomes differed significantly between patients who saw a dermatologist (P = 0.022) and/or had a dermatological intervention (P = 0.012). Conclusions: A broad spectrum of adverse cutaneous reactions occurs more frequently and later in adalimumab therapy for IBD compared with other indications. Consultation with a dermatologist is highly recommended.
Optimal Licensing in a Spatial Model

We analyze a multi-stage non-cooperative game involv- ing an outside patent-holder, who seeks to licence a process innovation, and two price-setting firms located on a circumference. Three licensing policies are studied: the auction, the fixed fee and the per unit output roy- alty. The main finding is that, contrary to standard results, royalties yield higher payoffs to the patent-holder than do an auction policy or a fixed fee policy regardless of the size of the innovation. Besides, a conflict between private and social interests arises since consumers are better off when the technology is licensed via fees.
Metabolite diversity in the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola: factors affecting production of brassicicolin A, depudecin, phomapyrone A and other metabolites

A systematic investigation of the metabolites of Alternaria brassicicola produced under various culture conditions is reported. The phytotoxin brassicicolin A is produced in significantly larger amounts in potato dextrose broth than in minimal medium cultures. In general an increase in the incubation temperature of cultures 23–30 C increases the production of brassicicolin A but decreases depudecin production. Reducing or eliminating nitrate from culture media or adding ammonium chloride increases the production of brassicicolin A at 30 C, depudecin at 23 C and α-acetylorcinol at either temperature, suggesting that nitrogen represses their biosynthesis. Siderophores are detected in cultures of A. brassicicola containing low and high ferric ion concentrations. The metabolites α-acetylorcinol and tyrosol are isolated for the first time from cultures of A. brassicicola, and α-acetylorcinol is synthesized in four steps and 36% overall yield. Only brassicicolin A and no other isolated metabolites, including depudecin and phomapyrone A, display phytotoxicity on leaves of Brassica species (up to 5.0 mM). Epigenetic modifiers, 5-azacitidin (5-AZA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA) do not affect the metabolite profiles of liquid cultures of this fungal pathogen.
Establishment of a Primary Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma Cell Line: In Vitro Responsiveness to Some Chemotherapeutics

BACKGROUND Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is an aggressively growing, malignant, and eventually fatal tumor of the central nervous system. Testing chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity under in vitro conditions would be a useful strategy to determine sensitive or resistant drugs for fatal brain cancers. OBJECTIVE To establish primary cell cultures of excised tumor tissue from pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma–bearing patients and to test their sensitivity against various anticancer chemotherapy drugs. METHODS Prepared suspensions of the excised tumor tissue from a patient who had a recurrent grade 3 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma was cultured in culture dishes until cells began to grow. Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical visualizations were performed using confocal and light microscopy. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay in comparison with 3H-thymidine incorporation assay was used to test cellular toxicity of several anticancer drugs. RESULTS We established vigorously growing primary cells of the tumor. Drug sensitivity testing was conducted successfully. CONCLUSION Primary cell cultures of surgically removed tumor tissues may be useful in studies of cancer biology and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for recurrent malignant brain tumors, particularly for anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma.
New Findings Regarding Day‐of‐the‐Week Returns over Trading and Non‐Trading Periods: A Note

This paper decomposes daily close to close returns into trading day and non-trading day returns. We discover that all of the average negative returns from Friday close to Monday close documented in the literature for stock market indexes occurs during the non-trading period from Friday close to Monday open. In addition, average trading day returns (open to close) are identical for all days of the week. January/firm size/turn-of-the-year anomalies are shown to be interrelated with day-of-the-week returns.
Indicators for return to work after stroke and the importance of work for subjective well-being and life satisfaction.

OBJECTIVES This study focuses on the continuation of gainful employment after experiencing stroke, addressing factors indicative of readiness for return to work, subjective well-being and life satisfaction. METHODS The target group comprised 120 patients, studied by means of medical records and postal questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 41% had returned to work, although there were changes concerning employers, assignments and working hours. Individuals who had returned to work reported a significantly higher level in subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Being able to walk meant the greatest chance of returning to work (odds ratio = 3.98) followed by white-collar worker (odds ratio = 2.99) and having preserved cognitive capacity (odds ratio = 2.64). CONCLUSION Returning to work after stroke is a major factor for high subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Three factors indicative of readiness for return to work were identified, providing implications for more efficient vocational rehabilitation programmes.
Why Mergers Will Continue

This article by Martin E. Kantor views mergers and acquisitions from the investment banker's approach in counseling company executives on the securities market. The February issue of this magazine presented three articles on mergers and acquisitions in the hospitality industry by senior partners of Laventhol Krekstein Horwath & Horwath dealing with organizational and ac counting concepts. The series was developed from addresses given at the Seminar on Mergers and Acquisitions in the Hospitality Industry, held in November 1969 under the joint spon sorship of Cornell's School of Hotel Administra tion and Laventhol Krekstein Horwath & Hor wath. — Ed.
Corporate Takeover And Shareholders' Wealth In Hong Kong

Abstract In this study, we examined the effect of a corporate takeover on the shareholders' wealth in the Hong Kong equity market between 1986-1991. The regulatory framework for takeovers in Hong Kong is different from the UK. Under this regulatory framework, we find that the shareholders of target firms obtain large positive abnormal returns around the announcement day. In contrast, there are no significant abnormal returns for the shareholders of bidding firms. Finally, excess trading volume of target firms occurs before the event day. These results indicate that the takeover event is anticipated.