Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Einfluss von Morphin, Butorphanol und Levomethadon in unterschiedlicher Dosierung auf den thermischen nozizeptiven Schwellenwert bei Pferden

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand und Ziel: In der Pferdemedizin stehen verschiedene Opioide zur Behandlung von Schmerzen zur Verfügung. Es gibt jedoch wenig Information zu einem direkten Vergleich der analgetischen Effektivität, Wirkdauer und Nebenwirkungen der einzelnen Substanzen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluierung gebräuchlicher Dosierungen von Morphin, Butorphanol und Levomethadon sowie die Evaluierung der analgetischen Effektivität dieser Opioide in einer höheren Dosierung mithilfe der Thermostimulation beim Pferd. Material und Methoden: Bei den Probanden handelte es sich um acht klinisch allgemeingesunde Tiere. Es wurde ein thermischer Reiz gesetzt und eine zuvor definierte Abwehrreaktion des Pferdes als Endpunkt gewertet. Nach Bestimmung von Nullwerten erhielten alle Pferde in einem randomisierten „Cross-over“-Studiendesign ein Plazebo (P = isotone Kochsalzlösung) sowie in jeweils zwei Dosierungen Morphin (M0,1 = 0,1 mg/kg; M0,2 = 0,2 mg/kg), Butorphanol (B0,1 = 0,1 mg/kg; B0,2 = 0,2 mg/kg) und Levomethadon (L0,1 = 0,1 mg/kg; L0,2 = 0,2 mg/kg) mit 14-tägiger Auswaschzeit. Die Messungen erfolgten nach 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 540 und 1350 Minuten. Neben dem thermischen Schwellenwert wurden Verhalten und Darmmotorik überprüft. Ergebnisse: Zu signifikant erhöhten Schwellenwerten kam es in den Gruppen M0,2 (240 min), B0,1 (90 min), B0,2 (90 min), L0,1 (60 min) und L0,2 (300 min). Verhaltensänderungen in Form von Drangwandern, Lippenspiel, Kopfzucken, erhöhtem Muskeltonus, Zittern, Ataxie oder Leerkauen traten auf. Ferner kam es in allen Gruppen zu einer Reduzierung der Darmgeräusche und einem verzögerten Kotabsatz. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Levomethadon führte dosisabhängig zu einer lang anhaltenden Analgesie, während mit Butorphanol keine Verstärkung der Analgesie in der höheren Dosierung zu erreichen war. Ein Ceiling-Effekt liegt hier nahe. Morphin hatte nur in der hohen Dosis einen nachweisbaren analgetischen Effekt. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um für den Einsatz von Levomethadon und Morphin beim Pferd eine fundierte Dosisempfehlung zu erarbeiten.
Indigenous cattle of Sri Lanka: Genetic and phylogeographic relationship with Zebu of Indus Valley and South Indian origin

The present study reports the population structure, genetic admixture and phylogeography of island cattle breeds of Sri Lanka viz. Batu Harak, Thawalam and White cattle. Moderately high level of genetic diversity was observed. Estimates of inbreeding for Thawalam and White cattle breeds were relatively high with 6.1% and 7.2% respectively. Genetic differentiation of Sri Lankan Zebu (Batu Harak and White cattle) was lowest with Red Sindhi among Indus valley zebu while it was lowest with Hallikar among the South Indian cattle. Global F statistics showed 6.5% differences among all the investigated zebu cattle breeds and 1.9% differences among Sri Lankan zebu breeds. The Sri Lankan zebu cattle breeds showed strong genetic relationships with Hallikar cattle, an ancient breed considered to be ancestor for most Mysore type draught cattle breeds of South India. Genetic admixture analysis revealed high levels of breed purity in Lanka White cattle with >97% zebu ancestry while significant taurine admixture was observed in Batu Harak and Thawalam cattle. Two major zebu haplogroups, I1 and I2 were observed in Sri Lankan zebu with the former predominating the later in all the three breeds. A total of 112 haplotypes were observed in the studied breeds, of which 50 haplotypes were found in Sri Lankan zebu cattle. Mismatch analysis revealed unimodal distribution in all the three breeds indicating population expansion. The sum of squared deviations (SSD) and raggedness index were non-significant in both the lineages of all the three breeds except for I1 lineage of Thawalam cattle (P<0.01) and I2 lineage of Batu Harak cattle (P<0.05). The results of neutrality tests revealed negative Tajima’s D values for both the lineages of Batu Harak (P>0.05) and White cattle (P>0.05) indicating an excess of low frequency polymorphisms and demographic expansion. Genetic dilution of native zebu cattle germplasm is a cause for concern and it is imperative that national breeding organizations consider establishing conservation units for the three native cattle breeds to maintain breed purity and initiate genetic improvement programs.
PROJECTIVE MODULES IN THE CATEGORY @s: LOEWY SERIES

Let g be a complex, semisimple Lie algebra with a parabolic sub algebra lJ s. The Loewy lengths and Loewy series of generalized Verma modules and of their projective covers in (! Js are studied with primary emphasis on the case in which lJ s is a Borel subalgebra and (! Js is the category (! J. An examination of the change in Loewy length of modules under translation leads to the calculation of Loewy length for Verma modules and for self-dual projectives in (! J, assuming the Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture (in an equivalent formulation due to Vogan). In turn, it is shown that the Loewy length results imply Vogan's statement, and lead to the determination of Loewy length for the self-dual projectives and certain generalized Verma modules in (! Js. Under the stronger assumption of Jantzen's conjecture, the radical and socle series are computed for self-dual projectives in (I). An analogous result is formulated for self-dual projectives in (l)s and proved in certain cases.
Pacybara: Accurate long-read sequencing for barcoded mutagenized allelic libraries

Summary Long read sequencing technologies, an attractive solution for many applications, often suffer from higher error rates. Alignment of multiple reads can improve base-calling accuracy, but some applications, e.g. sequencing mutagenized libraries where multiple distinct clones differ by one or few variants, require the use of barcodes or unique molecular identifiers. Unfortunately, sequencing errors can interfere with correct barcode identification, and a given barcode sequence may be linked to multiple independent clones within a given library. Here we focus on the target application of sequencing mutagenized libraries in the context of multiplexed assays of variant effects (MAVEs). MAVEs are increasingly used to create comprehensive genotype-phenotype maps that can aid clinical variant interpretation. Many MAVE methods use long-read sequencing of barcoded mutant libraries for accurate association of barcode with genotype. Existing long-read sequencing pipelines do not account for inaccurate sequencing or non-unique barcodes. Here, we describe Pacybara, which handles these issues by clustering long reads based on the similarities of (error-prone) barcodes while also detecting barcodes that have been associated with multiple genotypes. Pacybara also detects recombinant (chimeric) clones and reduces false positive indel calls. In three example applications, we show that Pacybara identifies and correctly resolves these issues. Availability and Implementation Pacybara, freely available at https://github.com/rothlab/pacybara, is implemented using R, Python and bash for Linux. It has both a single-threaded implementation and, for GNU/Linux clusters that use Slurm, PBS, or GridEngine schedulers, a multi-node version. Supplementary Material Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
mt-LAF3 is a pseudouridine synthase ortholog required for mitochondrial rRNA and mRNA gene expression in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei and related kinetoplastid parasites possess unique RNA processing pathways, including in their mitochondria, that regulate metabolism and development. Altering RNA composition or conformation through nucleotide modifications is one such pathway, and modifications including pseudouridine regulate RNA fate and function in many organisms. We surveyed pseudouridine synthase (PUS) orthologs in Trypanosomatids, with a particular interest in mitochondrial enzymes due to their potential importance for mitochondrial function and metabolism. T. brucei mt-LAF3 is an ortholog of human and yeast mitochondrial PUS enzymes, and a mitoribosome assembly factor, but structural studies differ in their conclusion as to whether it has PUS catalytic activity. Here, we generated T. brucei cells that are conditionally null for mt-LAF3 and showed that mt-LAF3 loss is lethal and disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Addition of a mutant gamma-ATP synthase allele to the conditionally null cells permitted ΔΨm maintenance and cell survival, allowing us to assess primary effects on mitochondrial RNAs. As expected, these studies showed that loss of mt-LAF3 dramatically decreases levels of mitochondrial 12S and 9S rRNAs. Notably, we also observed decreases in mitochondrial mRNA levels, including differential effects on edited vs. pre-edited mRNAs, indicating that mt-LAF3 is required for mitochondrial rRNA and mRNA processing, including of edited transcripts. To assess the importance of PUS catalytic activity in mt-LAF3 we mutated a conserved aspartate that is necessary for catalysis in other PUS enzymes and showed it is not essential for cell growth, or maintenance of ΔΨm and mitochondrial RNA levels. Together, these results indicate that mt-LAF3 is required for normal expression of mitochondrial mRNAs in addition to rRNAs, but that PUS catalytic activity is not required for these functions. Instead, our work, combined with previous structural studies, suggests that T. brucei mt-LAF3 acts as a mitochondrial RNA-stabilizing scaffold.
A direct computation of propagation constant using compact 2-D full-wave eigen-based finite-difference frequency-domain technique

A new compact 2-D full-wave algorithm based on the Yee's grid, is developed for propagation constant computation. Unlike other 2-D Yee's grid based techniques (which require an initial input parameter of phase constant value in order to extract the resonant domain information), this computes the propagation constant directly from a given frequency. The technique has no stability problems and offers potential fast computation speed and better accuracy over the existing 2D time-domain approaches. Sparse matrix technique is used to minimize the memory requirement and CPU time. Numerical results are presented and are compared to other literatures.
FTSH3 facilitates complex I degradation through a direct interaction with the complex I subunit PSST

Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), the largest complex involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is composed of nuclear and mitochondrial encoded subunits. Its assembly requires sequential addition of subdomains and modules. As it is prone to oxidative damage, complex I subunits continually undergo proteolysis and turnover. We describe the mechanism by which complex I abundance is regulated in a complex I deficient mutant. Using a forward genetic approach we have identified that the complex I Q-module domain subunit PSST, interacts with FTSH3 (Filamentous Temperature Sensitive H3) to mediate the disassembly of the matrix arm domain module for proteolysis and turnover as a means of protein quality control. We show the direct interaction of FTSH3 with PSST and identify the amino acid residues required for this interaction. It is the ATPase function of FTSH3 that is required for the interaction, as the mutation can be compensated by a proteolytically inactive form of FTSH3. Furthermore, it cannot be compensated by FTSH10 that is also located in mitochondria, as the latter does not interact with PSST. This study reveals the mechanistic process at the resolution of the residues involved of how FTSH3 recognises complex I for degradation.
Peak performance singing requires daily vocal exercise in songbirds

Vocal signals mediate much of human and non-human communication. Key performance traits - such as repertoire size, speed and accuracy of delivery - affect communication efficacy in fitness-decisive contexts such as mate choice and resource competition1. Specialized fast vocal muscles2,3 are central to accurate sound production4, but it is unknown whether vocal, like limb muscles5,6, need exercise to gain and maintain peak performance7,8. Here, we show that for song development in juvenile songbirds, the closest analogue to human speech acquisition9, regular vocal muscle exercise is crucial to achieve adult peak muscle performance. Furthermore, adult vocal muscle performance reduces within two days of abolishing exercise, leading to downregulation of critical proteins transforming fast to slower muscle fibre types. Daily vocal exercise is thus required to both gain and maintain peak vocal muscle performance, and if absent changes vocal output. We show that conspecifics can detect these acoustic changes and females prefer the song of exercised males. Song thus contains information on recent exercise status of the sender. Daily investment in vocal exercise to maintain peak performance is an unrecognized cost of singing and could explain why many birds sing daily even under adverse conditions10. Because neural regulation of syringeal and laryngeal muscle plasticity is equivalent, vocal output may reflect recent exercise status in all vocalizing vertebrates.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Radiological Diagnostics of Bone Tumors: Potential Approaches, Possibilities, and Limitations

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as an intelligence displayed by machines to interpret and learn from data to ultimately solve tasks, including those typically carried out by humans. AI is used as an umbrella term and includes machine learning. Machine learning is characterized by building an algorithm that first learns from training data and then makes a prediction on previously unseen data (validation or testing data). Radiomics is a method that extracts a large number of predefined features from radiographic medical images. These radiomic features are then used to build predictive models. In contrast, deep learning relies on neural networks with many layers (thus defined as deep neural networks) as an endto-end method to autonomously extract features and build predictive models simultaneously. Typical tasks that can be solved by deep learning models within the medical imaging domain are classification, object detection and segmentation [1].
Study on the Calibration of a Full-Polarimetric Scatterometer System at X-band

A study on the calibration of an X-band HPS(Hongik Polarimetric Scatterometer) system for ground-based operation is presented in this paper. In order to calibrate the scatterometer system, the degree of its distortions are analyzed by comparison between theoretical- and measured-values using the theoretically well-known calibration targets such as a metal sphere, a trihedral corner reflector(CR) and a metal cylinder. The calibration works in the field conditions depend on the precise and stable measurements of those calibration target. we present a measurement technique, so-called, an automatic 2-D target-scanning technique, using the incidence-angle( and directions) control of HPS system. Then, we used STCT(Single-Target Calibration Technique) and GCT(General Calibration Technique) to calibrate a distortion of the scatterometer system, and measured the polarimetric RCS(Radar Cross Section) and phase-difference of a trihedral-CR as a test-target to verify the accuracy of the calibration technique. Then, three different types(i.e., 10, 20, 30 cm) of trihedral-CR were used. we obtained the error ranges about dB, dB in a polarimetric RCS and about and in the co-polarized phase-difference by using the GCT and STCT, respectively.
Turbulence topologies predicted using large eddy simulations

In this paper, turbulence topologies related to the invariants of the resolved velocity gradient and strain rate tensors are studied based on large eddy simulation. The numerical results presented in the paper were obtained using two dynamic models, namely, the conventional dynamic model of Lilly and a recently developed dynamic nonlinear subgrid scale (SGS) model. In contrast to most of the previous research investigations which have mainly focused on isotropic turbulence, the present study examines the influence of near-wall anisotropy on the flow topologies. The SGS effect on the so-called SGS dissipation of the discriminant is examined and it is shown that the SGS stress contributes to the deviation of the flow topology of real turbulence from that of the ideal restricted Euler flow. The turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) transfer between the resolved and subgrid scales of motion is studied, and the forward and backward scatters of TKE are quantified in the invariant phase plane. Some interesting phenomenological results have also been obtained, including a wing-shaped contour pattern for the density of the resolved enstrophy generation and the near-wall dissipation shift of the peak location (mode) in the joint probability density function of the invariants of the resolved strain rate tensor. The newly observed turbulence phenomenologies are believed to be important and an effort has been made to explain them on an analytical basis.
Electrical resistivity of Cu and Nb thin films

The electrical resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of Cu and Nb thin films have been measured over a range of layer thicknesses between 5.6 nm and 1106 nm. The structure of the films has been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction. The experimental results have been compared with the semi-classical theory of thin-film resistivity due to Dimmich. The grain boundary reflectivity, R, has been found to vary with grain size in the Nb films. Dimmich's theoretical expression for the TCR does not match experiment, but by adapting the theoretical treatment a satisfactory fit has been obtained. The semi-classical expression predicts a negative TCR for certain thin-film and multilayer systems without the need to appeal to localization or correlation.
Diffusion lengths of silicon solar cells from luminescence images

A method for spatially resolved measurement of the minority carrier diffusion length in silicon wafers and in silicon solar cells is introduced. The method, which is based on measuring the ratio of two luminescence images taken with two different spectral filters, is applicable, in principle, to both photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements and is demonstrated experimentally by electroluminescence measurements on a multicrystalline silicon solar cell. Good agreement is observed with the diffusion length distribution obtained from a spectrally resolved light beam induced current map. In contrast to the determination of diffusion lengths from one single luminescence image, the method proposed here gives absolute values of the diffusion length and, in comparison, it is much less sensitive to lateral voltage variations across the cell area as caused by local variations of the series resistance. It is also shown that measuring the ratio of two luminescence images allows distinguishing shunts or surface defects from bulk defects.
Thermal effects in domain wall motion: Micromagnetic simulations and analytical model

Micromagnetic simulations are used to study the effect of thermal fluctuations in domain wall motion driven by either an external field or an in-plane spin-polarized current in ferromagnetic nanowires of rectangular cross section. For wires with no edge roughness, simulations reveal that thermal effects do not significantly modify field-driven and current-driven domain wall dynamics at $T=0$ if nonadiabatic contributions are taken into account in the latter. If the perfect adiabatic approximation is assumed, however, no-null velocities are obtained for currents smaller than the critical value below which there is no domain wall propagation in the deterministic case. In order to mimic experimental conditions and carry out more realistic simulations, we have introduced some edge roughness in the nanowire, which leads into a characteristic pinning force for domain walls. If the driving force, either field or current, is large enough to overcome the roughness pinning force, the wall velocities are found to be similar to those at $T=0$. However, finite positive velocities are obtained for fields and currents smaller than the deterministic depinning threshold when thermal perturbations are included. In this thermally activated regime, the velocity increases exponentially with both field and current. Moreover, our results are found to be in good quantitative agreement with some experimental data. In the last part of this work, the one-dimensional model for domain wall motion derived by Li et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08Q702 (2006)] is extended to include thermal perturbations following the Langevin formalism of the Brownian motion. The predictions of the model are compared with those of micromagnetic simulations finding good agreement between them.
Impact of surfaces on the optical properties of GaAs nanowires

The effect of surfaces on the optical properties of GaAs nanowires is evidenced by comparing nanowires with or without an AlGaAs capping shell as a function of the diameter. We find that the optical properties of unpassivated nanowires are governed by Fermi-level pinning, whereas, the optical properties of passivated nanowires are mainly governed by surface recombinations. Finally, we measure a surface recombination velocity of 3 x 10(3) cm s(-1) one order of magnitude lower than values previously reported for (110) GaAs surfaces. These results will serve as guidance for the application of nanowires in solar cell and light emitting devices.
Pressure-tuned InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb diode laser with 700 nm tuning range

InGaAsSb∕AlGaAsSb type-I midinfrared diode lasers emitting continuous wave at 2. 4μm at room temperature have been studied under high hydrostatic pressure. When the pressure was increased up to 19kbar, the threshold current varied from 240to400A∕cm2, showing a minimum of 200A∕cm2 close to 8kbar, and the emission spectra shifted to shorter wavelengths by up to 700nm (i.e., from 2.4μmto1.7μm). This exceptional tuning range could be very useful in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.
Linear plasmon ruler with tunable measurement range and sensitivity

The multiple localized surface plasmon resonances of nanorod dimers are theoretically investigated. The dark plasmon resonance of nanorod dimer aligned side-by-side is highly distance dependent. Based on this property, nanospheres are used to modify surface plasmon coupling between the two nanorods. The resonant wavelength shift increases approximately linearly with the increasing of nanospheres interparticle separations. This property makes such structure useful as plasmon ruler with homogeneous measurement sensitivity. The measurement range is increased to more than 100 nm, the resonant frequency is extended to the near-infrared region, and one can modify the structure size and nanorod aspect ratio freely to get the desired measurement range and sensitivity.
Theory of Shell Structures

Shell structures form key components in a very wide range of engineering enterprise. The theory of shell structures is an old and large subject, with a huge literature. However, this book is not a compilation of results from the past. Instead, it is an attempt to bring the essence of the subject within the grasp of engineers. It tackles the fundamental question of how bending and stretching effects combine and interact in shell structures from a physical point of view; and it shows that this approach leads to an understanding of the structural mechanics of shells in general, and to useful results in particular problems. The first half of the book is concerned mainly with the basic ideas and equations of equilibrium, geometry and elasticity, and their combination in various useful ways. In particular, it includes a simple treatment of the geometry of general curved surfaces. The second half of the book first investigates the behaviour of various practical shell structures under static loading. Then there are chapters on the buckling of shells, on vibration, and on the application of plastic theory to analysis and design.