Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple, Fast and Deterministic Gossip and Rumor Spreading

We study gossip algorithms for the rumor spreading problem, which asks each node to deliver a rumor to all nodes in an unknown network. Gossip algorithms allow nodes only to call one neighbor per round and have recently attracted attention as message efficient, simple, and robust solutions to the rumor spreading problem. A long series of papers analyzed the performance of uniform random gossip in which nodes repeatedly call a random neighbor to exchange all rumors with. A main result of this investigation was that uniform gossip completes in O(log n/Φ) rounds where Φ is the conductance of the network. Nonuniform random gossip schemes were devised to allow efficient rumor spreading in networks with bottlenecks. In particular, [Censor-Hillel et al., STOC&12] gave an O(log3 n) algorithm to solve the 1-local broadcast problem in which each node wants to exchange rumors locally with its 1-neighborhood. By repeatedly applying this protocol, one can solve the global rumor spreading quickly for all networks with small diameter, independently of the conductance. All these algorithms are inherently randomized in their design and analysis. A parallel research direction has been to reduce and determine the amount of randomness needed for efficient rumor spreading. This has been done via lower bounds for restricted models and by designing gossip algorithms with a reduced need for randomness, for instance, by using pseudorandom generators with short random seeds. The general intuition and consensus of these results has been that randomization plays a important role in effectively spreading rumors and that at least a polylogarithmic number of random bit are crucially needed. In this article improves over the state of the art in several ways by presenting a deterministic gossip algorithm that solves the the k-local broadcast problem in 2(k + log2 n) log2 n rounds. Besides being the first efficient deterministic solution to the rumor spreading problem this algorithm is interesting in many aspects: It is simpler, more natural, more robust, and faster than its randomized pendant and guarantees success with certainty instead of with high probability. Its analysis is furthermore simple, self-contained, and fundamentally different from prior works.
Novel hybrid technique for PAPR reduction in OVSF based OSTBC OFDM system

Peak-to-Average-Power- Ratio is regarded as one of the major drawback for multi-carrier communication. The existence of high peaks in the transmitted OFDM signal causes an enhancement in the bit-error-rate of the system due to the non-linear nature of power amplifiers. High PAPR is still a demanding issue and hence requires a lot of attention. In this paper a novel Hybrid technique of OVSF and Discrete Cosine Transform is used for the reduction of PAPR in Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor based Orthogonal Space Time Block Coded OFDM system. Simulation results show that proposed Hybrid technique provides significant reduction in PAPR as compared to existing techniques, while maintaining low computational complexity. The CCDF curves depict that the performance of the proposed OFDM system is better than conventional OFDM systems.
Predator‐Prey Dynamics and Movement in Fractal Environments

Previous research suggests that local interactions and limited animal mobility can affect population dynamics. However, the spatial structure of the environment can further limit the mobility of animals. For example, an animal confined to a river valley or to a particular plant cannot move with equal ease in all directions. We show that spatial architecture could influence the population dynamics of predator‐prey systems using individual‐based computer simulations parameterized with allometric relationships from the literature. Spatial forms (representing geographical features or plant architecture) of differing fractal dimension were generated, and simulated predators and prey were introduced into these computer environments. We claim that the alteration in interaction rates and population dynamics found in these simulations can be explained as a consequence of the anomalously slow rates of movement associated with fractal spaces and the diffusion‐limited nature of predator‐prey interactions. As a result, functional responses and numerical responses are substantially reduced in fractal environments, and the overall stability of the system is determined by the interaction between individual mobility and spatial architecture.
Mechanical Stretch Upregulates SDF‐1α in Skin Tissue and Induces Migration of Circulating Bone Marrow‐Derived Stem Cells into the Expanded Skin

Background: Skin and soft tissue expansion is a procedure that stimulates skin regeneration by applying continuous mechanical stretching of normal donor skin for reconstruction purposes. We have reported that topical transplantation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can accelerate mechanical stretch induced skin regeneration. However, it is unclear how circulating MSCs respond to mechanical stretch in skin tissue. Methods: MSCs from luciferase‐Tg Lewis rats were transplanted into a rat tissue expansion model and tracked in vivo by luminescence imaging. Expression levels of chemokines including macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α, thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine, cutaneous T‐cell attracting chemokine, and stromal‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) were elevated in mechanically stretched tissues, as were their related chemokine receptors in MSCs. Chemotactic assays were conducted in vitro and in vivo to assess the impact of chemokine expression on MSC migration. Results: MSC migration was observed in mechanically stretched skin. Mechanical stretching induced temporal upregulation of chemokine expression. Among all the tested chemokines, SDF‐1α showed the most significant increase in stretched skin, suggesting a strong connection to migration of MSCs. The in vitro chemotactic assay showed that conditioned medium from mechanically stretched cells induced MSC migration, which could be blocked with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, as effectively as medium containing 50 ng/ml rat recombinant SDF‐1α. Results from in vivo study also showed that MSC migration to mechanically stretched skin was significantly blocked by AMD3100. Moreover, migrating MSCs expressed differentiation markers, suggesting a contribution of MSCs to skin regeneration through differentiation. Conclusion: Mechanical stretching can upregulate SDF‐1α in skin and recruit circulating MSCs through the SDF‐1α/CXCR4 pathway. Stem Cells 2013;31:2703–2713
Knowledge and Perception of Breast Cancer among Women of Various Ethnic Groups in the State of Penang: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perception of breast cancer among women of various ethnic groups in the state of Penang. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 5 to March 15, 2008. 384 participants were conveniently selected and interviewed face to face by a trained researcher (M.A.H.) using a validated questionnaire. Participants were required to answer 22 questions concerning knowledge of breast cancer and 5 questions on the perception of breast cancer management and treatment outcomes. Results: The mean total score of knowledge was 59.1%, with Indian women having significantly less knowledge than the Chinese and Malay women (p < 0.001). Only 117 (32.3%) and 120 (33.0%) women were aware of the recommended breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE) guidelines, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that ethnicity, age, level of education and employment status were major determinants of breast cancer knowledge. Conclusion: The current study has demonstrated that women in the state of Penang have serious knowledge deficits about breast cancer and poor awareness of BSE and CBE guidelines. This study has highlighted the need of an intensive breast cancer awareness campaign which should also stress the importance of early detection and reporting of breast cancer.
Targeted Nuclear Import of Open Reading Frame 1 Protein Is Required for In Vivo Retrotransposition of a Telomere-Specific Non-Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposon, SART1

ABSTRACT Non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons, most of which carry two open reading frames (ORFs), are abundant mobile elements that are distributed widely among eukaryotes. ORF2 encodes enzymatic domains, such as reverse transcriptase, that are conserved in all retroelements, but the functional roles of ORF1 in vivo are little understood. We show with green fluorescent protein-ORF1 fusion proteins that the ORF1 proteins of SART1, a telomeric repeat-specific non-LTR retrotransposon in Bombyx mori, are transported into the nucleus to produce a dotted localization pattern. Nuclear localization signals N1 (RRKR) and N2 (PSKRGRG) at the N terminus and a highly basic region in the center of SART1 ORF1 are involved in nuclear import and the dotted localization pattern in the nucleus, respectively. An in vivo retrotransposition assay clarified that at least three ORF1 domains, N1/N2, the central basic domain, and CCHC zinc fingers are required for SART1 retrotransposition. The nuclear import activity of SART1 ORF1 makes it clear that the ORF1 proteins of non-LTR retrotransposons work mainly in the nucleus, in contrast to the cytoplasmic action of Gag proteins of LTR elements. The functional domains found here in SART1 ORF1 will be useful for developing a more efficient and target-specific LINE-based gene delivery vector.
Immunosuppression: Cause for Failures of Vaccines against African Trypanosomiases

African trypanosomes are extracellular hemoprotozoa that cause disease in humans and livestock. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense cause sleeping sickness in humans, also called human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), an emerging disease in East and Central Africa [1], [2]. Infections with T. congolense, T. vivax, or T. b. brucei cause disease in livestock [1]. Various species of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) can harbor African trypanosomes and act as their intermediate hosts. Humans and animals become infected with trypanosomes by bites of infected tsetse flies. A temporary local inflammation, the so-called chancre, develops in the skin at the site of the bite [1]. The trypanosomes move from the skin into the blood via the lymph system (Figure 1). Figure 1 Mode of natural infections by African trypanosomes. Mice are susceptible to infections by all African trypanosomes pathogenic for humans or livestock. Thus, infection of mice is a relevant model to study the immunobiology of infections by African trypanosomes. Primary intradermal infections by low numbers of parasites in the skin are controlled by innate resistance mediated by induced nitric oxide (iNO) [3]. At this stage, adaptive immune responses are not protective but are immunosuppressive [3] (discussed below). At the blood stage of infection, antibodies are absolutely required for the control of parasitemia [4]–[6]. Antibodies to the VSG control parasitemia by mediating phagocytosis of the trypanosomes by macrophages of the liver and spleen.
Classi(cid:12)cation and redshift estimation by principal component analysis

We show that the (cid:12)rst 10 eigencomponents of the Karhunen-Lo(cid:18)eve expansion or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) provide a robust classi(cid:12)cation scheme for the identi(cid:12)cation of stars, galaxies and quasi-stellar objects from multi-band photometry. To quantify the e(cid:14)ciency of the method, realistic simulations are performed which match the planned Large Zenith Telescope survey. This survey is expected to provide spectral energy distributions with a resolution R ’ 40 for (cid:24) 10 6 galaxies to R (cid:20) 23 ( z (cid:24) 1), (cid:24) 10 4 QSOs, and (cid:24) 10 5 stars. We calculate that for a median signal-to-noise ratio of 6, 98% of stars, 100% of galaxies and 93% of QSOs are correctly classi(cid:12)ed. These values increase to 100% of stars, 100% of galaxies and 100% of QSOs at a median signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The 10-component PCA also allows measurement of redshifts with an accuracy of (cid:27) Res : < (cid:24) 0 : 05 for galaxies with z < (cid:24) 0 : 7, and to (cid:27) Res : < (cid:24) 0 : 2 for QSOs with z > (cid:24) 2, at a median signal-to-noise ratio of 6. At a median signal-to-noise ratio 20, (cid:27) Res : < (cid:24) 0 : 02 for galaxies with z < (cid:24) 1 and for QSOs with z > (cid:24) 2 : 5 (note that for a median S=N ratio of 20, the bluest/reddest objects will have a signal-to-noise ratio of < (cid:24) 2 in their reddest/bluest (cid:12)lters). This redshift accuracy is inherent to the R ’ 40 resolution provided by the set of medium-band (cid:12)lters used by the Large Zenith Telescope survey. It provides an accuracy improvement of nearly an order of magnitude over the photometric redshifts obtained from broad-band BV RI photometry.
Echoes of the Brain

Transmodal (nonsensory-specific) regions sit at the confluence of different information streams, and play an important role in cognition. These regions are thought to receive and integrate information from multiple functional networks. However, little is known about (1) how transmodal cortices are functionally organized and (2) how this organization might facilitate information processing. In this article, we discuss recent findings that transmodal cortices contain a detailed local functional architecture of adjacent and partially overlapping subregions. These subregions show relative specializations, and contain traces or “echoes” of the activity of different large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks. We propose that this finer-grained organization can (1) explain how the same transmodal region can play a role in multiple tasks and cognitive disorders, (2) provide a mechanism by which different types of signals can be simultaneously segregated and integrated within transmodal regions, and (3) enhance current network- and node-level models of brain function, by showing that non-stationary functional connectivity patterns may be a result of dynamic shifts in subnodal signals. Finally, we propose that LFA may have an important role in regulating neural dynamics and facilitating balanced activity across the cortex to enable efficient and flexible high-level cognition.
Alternate convex search method for resource allocation in OFDMA AF relay networks with energy harvesting

Joint optimization of the source transmission power, the relay transmission power, and the time switching (TS) ratio is investigated in orthogonal frequency division multiple access wireless powered relay networks. The relay does not have embedded energy supply and needs to first harvest energy from the received signals from the source before using amplify and forward transmission strategy for forwarding transmission. Time switching scheme is used by the relay for wireless information and power transfer. The resource allocation problem aims at maximizing the sum rate under the source transmission power, the relay harvested energy, and the TS ratio constraints. The joint resource allocation problem is formulated as an optimization problem, which is non-convex and generally difficult to solve. Then an alternate convex search algorithm, which alternately finds the optimal solution to one kind of variables by fixing the other two kinds of variables, is proposed. The convergence of the algorithm is proven as well. Simulations verify the better performance of the proposed algorithm compared with two related algorithms.
Financial returns and e $ ciency as seen by an arti " cial technical analyst q

We introduce trading rules which are selected by an arti " cially intelligent agent who learns from experience * an Arti " cial Technical Analyst. These rules restrict the data-mining concerns associated with the use of & simple ’ technical trading rules as model evaluation devices and are good at recognising subtle regularities in return processes. The relationship between the e $ ciency of " nancial markets and the e $ cacy of technical analysis is investigated and it is shown that the Arti " cial Technical Analyst can be used to provide a quantitative measure of market e $ ciency. We estimate this measure on the DJIA daily index from 1962 to 1986 and draw implications for the optimal behaviour of certain classes of investors. It is also shown that the structure of technical trading rules commonly used is consistent with utility maximisation for risk neutral agents and in a myopic sense even for risk-averse agents. ( 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Millimeter-Wave Wireless Channel Control Using Spatially Adaptive Antenna Arrays

A wireless channel control concept based on spatially, i.e., position adaptive antenna arrays is introduced. This technique simultaneously utilizes beam-steering and spatial adaptation to enhance the wireless channel gain and system capacity. The concept is inspired by the microfluidically reconfigurable RF devices as they can enable compact systems with spatial adaptation capability. Specifically, a five element linear 28 GHz mm-wave antenna array design that can achieve beam-steering via phase shifters and spatial adaptation via microfluidics is detailed. Simulated realized gain patterns at various array positions and phase shifter states are subsequently utilized in link and system level simulations to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed concept. It is shown that a wireless communications system can achieve 51% improvement in the mean signal-to-interference ratio due to the spatial adaptation capability.
Carotid Webs and Recurrent Ischemic Strokes in the Era of CT Angiography

Carotid web was defined on CTA as a thin intraluminal filling defect along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb just beyond the carotid bifurcation on oblique sagittal section CTA that was seen as a septum on axial CTA. In the prospective series in this study, the mean age was 50 years, and 5 of 7 patients were women. Recurrent stroke was seen in 5 of 7. Histopathology suggested a high probability of fibromuscular dysplasia. In the retrospective series, carotid webs were seen in 7 of 576 patients. Carotid web may be an important cause of ischemic stroke in patients with otherwise no determined mechanism of stroke and may present a high risk of recurrent stroke. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid webs may cause recurrent ischemic stroke. We describe the prevalence, demographics, clinical presentation, imaging features, histopathology, and stroke risk associated with this under-recognized lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A carotid web was defined on CTA as a thin intraluminal filling defect along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb just beyond the carotid bifurcation on oblique sagittal section CTA that was seen as a septum on axial CTA. Using a prospective case series from April 2013 to April 2014, we describe the demographics, spectrum of imaging features on CTA, and histopathology of these carotid webs. From a retrospective analysis of patients at our center from May 2012 to April 2013 who had a baseline head and neck CTA followed by a brain MR imaging within 1–2 days of the CTA, we determine the period prevalence of carotid webs and the prevalence of ipsilateral stroke on imaging. RESULTS: In the prospective series, the mean age was 50 years (range, 41–55 years); 5/7 patients were women. Recurrent stroke was seen in 5/7 (71.4%) patients with the carotid web; time to recurrence ranged from 1 to 97 months. Histopathology suggested a high probability of fibromuscular dysplasia. In the retrospective series, carotid webs were seen in 7/576 patients for a hospital-based-period prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4%–2.5%). Two of these 7 patients had acute stroke in the vascular territory of the carotid web. CONCLUSIONS: A carotid web may contribute to recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with no other determined stroke mechanism. Intimal variant fibromuscular dysplasia is the pathologic diagnosis in most cases. The prevalence of carotid web is low, while the optimal management strategy remains unknown.
Racionalidad, emociones y felicidad: vínculos posibles

TERCER CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata 54 procedimiento para la selección de los participantes en los estudios, el 33% no deja claros los criterios de inclusión y el 81% los criterios de exclusión; asimismo, en el 48% de los estudios no se especifica el alcance de los resultados de acuerdo al tipo de muestreo utilizado. Se señalan las implicaciones del uso de procedimientos estadísticos en la constitución de problemáticas en psicología de la salud y no sólo en la descripción de las mismas, así como el papel regulador de la comunidad académica, las redes de editores y, en general, las instituciones sociales que directa o indirectamente se involucran en la producción de conocimientos.
Application of SIR epidemiological model: new trends

The simplest epidemiologic model composed by mutually exclusive compartments SIR (susceptible-infected-susceptible) is presented to describe a reality. From health concerns to situations related with marketing, informatics or even sociology, several are the fields that are using this epidemiological model as a first approach to better understand a situation. In this paper, the basic transmission model is analyzed, as well as simple tools that allows us to extract a great deal of information about possible solutions. A set of applications - traditional and new ones - is described to show the importance of this model.
The Permanent and Inductive Magnetic Moments of Ganymede

Data acquired by the Galileo magnetometer on five passes by Ganymede have been used to characterize Ganymede's internal magnetic moments. Three of the five passes were useful for determination of the internal moments through quadrupole order. Models representing the internal field as the sum of dipole and quadrupole terms or as the sum of a permanent dipole field upon which is superimposed an induced magnetic dipole driven by the time varying component of the externally imposed magnetic field of Jupiter's magnetosphere give equally satisfactory fits to the data. The permanent dipole moment has an equatorial field magnitude 719 nT. It is tilted by 176° from the spin axis with the pole in the southern hemisphere rotated by 24° from the Jupiter-facing meridian plane toward the trailing hemisphere. The data are consistent with an inductive response of a good electrical conductor of radius approximately 1 Ganymede radius. Although the data do not enable us to establish the presence of an inductive response beyond doubt, we favor the inductive response model because it gives a good fit to the data using only four parameters to describe the internal sources of fields, whereas the equally good dipole plus quadrupole fit requires eight parameters. An inductive response is consistent with a buried conducting shell, probably liquid water with dissolved electrolytes, somewhere in the first few hundred km below Ganymede's surface. The depth at which the ocean is buried beneath the surface is somewhat uncertain, but our favored model suggests a depth of the order of 150 km. As both temperature and pressure increase with depth and the melting temperature of pure ice decreases to a minimum at ∼170 km depth, it seems possible that near this location, a layer of water would be sandwiched between layers of ice.