Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Animal Spirits in Open Economy: An Interaction-Based Approach to Bounded Rationality

In this paper, we develop the waves of optimists and pessimists in an open-economy New Keynesian model a la Gali and Monacelli (2005). We extend the model to include the dynamics of inflation and output generated by the heterogeneous bounded rational agents according to De Grauwe (2011). The effects of social interaction are merged into open DSGE model. In particular, the interaction between heterogeneous agents provides the basis for bounded rational behavior in a two-country model. As a result, the model is able to describe the herding behavior of investors in open economy. The simulation results suggest that the business cycle goes through periods of high volatility when the large number of optimists or pessimists in one country strongly affects a foreign country.
Flowfence: a denial of service defense system for software defined networking

Most Denial of Service (DoS) attacks intend to generate a traffic pattern that is indistinguishable from legitimate traffic, making it hard to detect an attack. Conventional defenses for these attacks are not scalable, are slow to react or introduce an overhead to each routed packet. In this paper, we present FlowFence, a lightweight and fast denial of service detection and mitigation system for Software Defined Networking (SDN). The FlowFence architecture includes routers running daemons to monitor the average occupation of their interfaces to detect congestion conditions, and an SDN controller that coordinates bandwidth assignment of controlled links. The controller limits the flow transmission rate along a path to prevent users' starvation. The mitigation procedure of starvation state allocates an average bandwidth, while flows exceeding the mean are penalized. The penalization is proportional to the difference between the fair limit and the current bandwidth usage. A system prototype was implemented and evaluated in the Future Internet Testbed with Security (FITS). The results show that the proposal avoids users' starvation of network resources without adding much overhead in the network.
The Alaskan Mineral Resource Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Big Delta Quadrangle, Alaska

The N abesna quadrangle in south-central Alaska is the first of the 1:250,000-scale Alaskan quadrangles to be investigated by an interdisciplinary research team in order to furnish a mineral resource assessment of the State. The assessment of the 17,600-km2 (6,800-mi2 ) quadrangle is based on field and laboratory investigations of the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and satellite imagery. The results of the investigations are published as a folio of maps, diagrams, and accompanying discussions. This report provides background information on the investigations and integrates the published components of the resource assessment. A comprehensive bibliography cites both specific and general references to the geology and mineral deposits of the Nabesna quadrangle.
High data rate coherent optical slot switched networks: a practical and technological perspective

We review several node architectures for optical slot switching ring networks, which can be used in metropolitan or datacenter applications, and compare them for their networking aspects. The dimensioning, quality of service, latency, and protection issues are discussed for the different approaches. The main devices, i.e. fast wavelength-tunable laser, burst-mode coherent receiver (which is required to enable high data rate transmission at 100 Gb/s and above), and a slot blocker for improved wavelength usage efficiency are described, and available technologies for each key building block are reviewed.
Dendritic Na Ϩ Current Inactivation Can Increase Cell Excitability by Delaying a Somatic Depolarizing Afterpotential

ϩ current inactivation can increase cell excitability by delaying a somatic depolarizing afterpotential. Many central neurons support active dendritic spike backpropagation mediated by voltage-gated currents. Active spikes in dendrites have been shown capable of providing feedback to the soma to influence somatic excitability and firing dynamics through a depolarizing afterpotential (DAP). In pyramidal cells of the electrosensory lobe of weakly electric fish, Na ϩ spikes in dendrites undergo a frequency-dependent broadening that enhances the DAP to increase somatic firing frequency. We use a combination of dynamical analysis and electrophys-iological recordings to demonstrate that spike broadening in dendrites is primarily caused by a cumulative inactivation of dendritic Na ϩ current. We further show that a reduction in dendritic Na ϩ current increases excitability by decreasing the interspike interval and promoting burst firing. This process arises when inactivation of dendritic Na ϩ current shifts the latency of the dendritic spike to delay the arrival of the DAP sufficiently to increase its impact on somatic membrane potential despite a reduction in dendritic excitability. Furthermore, the relationship between dendritic Na ϩ current density and somatic excitability is nonmonotonic, as intermediate levels of dendritic Na ϩ current exert the greatest excitatory influence. These results reveal that temporal shifts in dendritic spike firing provide a novel means for backpropagating spikes to influence the final output of a cell. In many central neurons examined, the presence of excita-tory inward currents in dendrites supports active backpropaga-Backpropagat-ing events can in turn feed back to the soma and influence excitability by increasing firing frequency or changing overall somatic firing dynamics (Golding et al. The ability of dendrites to influence somatic activity depends in part on the complement of ion channels that control the shape and dynamics of active dendritic events. It is generally assumed that a loss of inward current in dendrites reduces the overall excitability of a system by reducing the extent that the dendrite can excite the soma. A detailed account of how backpropagating spikes generate a depolarizing afterpotential (DAP) is found in pyramidal cells of the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of weakly electric fish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). These neurons receive primary afferent input and generate spike firing that is used for both estimating the peripheral stimulus and detecting specific sensory features (Chacron et al. 2003; Gabbiani et al. 1996; Oswald et al. 2004). We have shown that spikes initiate in the soma/axon hillock region and backpropagate over …
Security token offerings

development but shows promises in the entrepreneurial finance landscape. A security token is a digital representation of an investment product recorded on a blockchain, which comes under the purview of securities laws. Therefore, STOs differ from initial coin offerings (ICOs). After describing the STO process and the scope of the STO market, we explore what factors are associated with successful capital raising. In particular, we find that attaching voting rights to security tokens increases the odds of success. Our study implies that entrepreneurs should carefully design their security tokens and run their offering professionally because doing so may not just help them raise more capital, but it may also foster general awareness of the benefits of a well-developed STO market.
A Sensory–sensory Learning Paradigm Was Used to Measure Neural Changes in Humans during Acquisition of an Association between an Auditory and Visual Stimulus. Three Multivariate Partial Least-squares

(PLS) analyses of positron emission tomography data identified distributed neural systems related to (i) processing the significance of the auditory stimulus, (ii) mediating the acquisition of the behavioral response, and (iii) the spatial overlap between these two systems. The system that processed the significance of the tone engaged primarily right hemisphere regions and included dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex, putamen, and inferior parietal and temporal cortices. Activity changes in left occipital cortex were also identified, most likely reflecting the learned expectancy of the upcoming visual event. The system related to behavior was similar to that which coded the significance of the tone, including dorsal occipital cortex. The PLS analysis of the concordance between these two systems showed substantial regional overlap, and included occipital, dorsolateral prefrontal, and limbic cortices. However, activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex was strictly related to processing the auditory stimulus and not to behavior. Taken together, the PLS analyses identified a system that contained a sensory-motor component (comprised of occipital, temporal association and sensorimotor cortices) and a medial prefrontal-limbic component, that as a group simultaneously embodied the learning-related response to the stimuli and the subsequent change in behavior.
Movement and Deposit Characteristics of Typical Catastrophic Debris Flows by Rainstorm in the Mountainous Area of Southwestern China in 2003

The debris flows,occurring in the mountainous area of southwestern China in 2003,are of typically destructive,which are trigged by rainstorm. They swallowed many persons and damaged amount of property.To analyze the debris flow's movement and deposit characteristics in the area,the authors chose seven typical debris flows to study,which caused much severe hazards.And then we computed their velocity and discharge by some models and concludes the characteristics of large grain and high concentration by statistic and analysis.The value of the debris flow velocity in the mountainous area of southwestern China is very high and the variation of peak discharge is marked.The peak discharge of these debris flows is correlative to the area of valley and in general it increases with the area of valley,however,the relationship between the discharge and area is not positive correlation.In the composition of these debris,some grains are unbelievably large.But the content of the gravels is comparatively low comparing to other viscous debris flows in the southwestern China.
Oblique Shock Impinging on a Turbulent Boundary Layer: Low-Frequency Mechanisms

The need for better understanding of the low-frequency unsteadiness observed in shock- wave turbulent boundary layer interactions (SBLI) has been driving SBLI research for several decades. We present here a Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) investigation of the in- teraction between an impinging oblique shock and a turbulent boundary layer under the same flow conditions as in the experiments performed at the "Institut Universitaire des Systemes Thermiques Industriels" in Marseille (France). 1,2 Contrary to past LES inves- tigations on SBLI, we have used a new inflow technique which does not introduce any energetically-significant low frequencies into the domain, hence avoiding possible interfer- ence with the SBLI system. We have run the LES over much longer time series than previous computational studies making a Fourier analysis of the low-frequency possible. The broadband and energetic low-frequency component found in the interaction is in ex- cellent agreement with the experimental findings. Furthermore, a linear stability analysis of the mean flow was performed and a stationary unstable global mode was found. The long-run LES data were analyzed and found to coincide with the global mode structure, leading to a possible mechanism for the observed low-frequency motions.
Calculations of the radial seismic velocity/density ratio for MgO and MgSiO3-perovskite at high pressure

The experimental values of the ratio of the radial seismic velocity perturbation with respect to the radial density perturbation, (R)T, for MgO at pressures of up to about 20 GPa show a conflicting pressure dependence. However, (R)T, calculated using free energy minimisation at 1000 K and pressures of up to 160 GPa for the lower mantle minerals MgO and MgSiO3-perovskite, is predicted to decrease with increasing pressure. Previous calculations of the elastic constants of MgO using the Potential Induced Breathing model also predict that (R)T decreases as the pressure increases. The ratio (dlnνs/dlnνp)T for both MgO and MgSiO3−perovskite is also predicted to decrease with increasing pressure.
Effects of isoenergetic high-carbohydrate compared with high-fat diets on human cholesterol synthesis and expression of key regulatory genes of cholesterol metabolism.

BACKGROUND High-carbohydrate diets improve plasma cholesterol concentrations but increase triacylglycerol concentrations; the latter effect increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Triacylglycerol concentrations increase only during very-high-carbohydrate diets consisting mainly of simple sugars. OBJECTIVE We compared the CVD risk profile, cholesterol metabolism, and glucose tolerance of 7 healthy subjects during 2 isoenergetic diets: a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HF diet) and a moderately high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC diet). DESIGN In a randomized crossover study, we measured the effects of the HF diet [40% carbohydrate and 45% fat (15% saturated, 15% monounsaturated, and 15% polyunsaturated)] and HC diet [55% carbohydrate (mainly complex) and 30% fat (10% saturated, 10% monounsaturated, and 10% polyunsaturated)] (3 wk each) on plasma lipid concentrations, oral glucose tolerance, cholesterol synthesis rate, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the LDL receptor, and the LDL-receptor-related protein (LRP). RESULTS Compared with the HF diet, the HC diet lowered total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05 for all) without modifying the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol; triacylglycerol concentrations were unchanged. Lower cholesterol concentrations occurred despite a higher cholesterol synthesis rate (P < 0.05) and higher HMG-CoA reductase mRNA concentrations (P < 0.05). LDL receptor mRNA concentrations were unchanged, LRP mRNA concentrations were lower (P < 0.01), and oral glucose tolerance was better (P < 0.05) with the HC diet. CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of the HC diet on glucose tolerance and plasma cholesterol concentrations without increases in triacylglycerol show that this diet had favorable effects on both insulin sensitivity and the plasma lipid profile.
Phase matching in nonlinear c (2) photonic crystals

We analyze harmonic generation in a two-dimensional (2D) χ2 photonic crystal and demonstrate the possibility of multiple phase matching and multicolor parametric frequency conversion. We suggest a new type of photonic structure to achieve simultaneous generation of several harmonics; we also present both general analytical results and design parameters for 2D periodically poled LiNbO3 structures.
Intra and Extra-Generation Schemes for Combining Crossover Operators

Several studies on the variations of the crossover operator have shown that each of them presents speci£c properties that are interesting under particular circumstances. The advantages of each operator over others are often contradictory and the best operator depends on the problem being solved. This paper is based on the assumption that a combination of several crossover operators can take advantage of their respective qualities and power. Thus, we propose several combination models based on four crossover operators: the 1-point, 2-point, uniform and dissociated. We test the performance of these models through an experimental approach using the problem of the Hamiltonian circuit.
Exchange-Rate Instability

In an intriguing synthesis of current theories of international finance, trade, and industrial organization, Paul Krugman presents a provocative analysis of the extraordinary volatility of exchange rates in the 1980s.Krugman focuses on imperfect integration of the world economy, showing how this has become both a cause and effect of exchange rate instability. He outlines the costs and benefits of recent flexible-exchange rate policies and offers fresh insight into why the models that worked in the first half of the 1980s don't work in the growing uncertainty of the latter half. Krugman's analysis is succinct and accessible, with technical appendixes that offer powerful backing to his ideas. "Exchange Rate Instability "contains a surprising reevaluation of the author's own work on exchange rates. Krugman questions the need for further devaluation of the dollar, arguing that uncertainty - rather than the lack of cost-competitiveness explains the failure of current policies to reduce the United States trade deficit. He proposes an eventual return to fixed exchange rates.Paul R. Krugman is Professor of Economics at MIT "Exchange Rate Instability "inaugurates the Lionel Robbins Lectures series.
Evaluating clustering methods for classification of marble slabs in an automated industrial marble inspection system

Marble quality classification is a very important issue since export of marble slabs has important economic impact on natural stone industry. Considering the massive transportation costs and requirements of marbles, it is necessary to achieve acceptably high performance in quality classification. However, classification of marble slabs in terms of quality is generally performed manually using human operators. This is rather subjective and prone to errors. Hence, automated and computerized methods are needed in order to obtain reproducible and objective results. In this work, we test the performance of clustering based classification on texture based feature sets. This is done in order to compare performances of different clustering techniques, which might be employed instead of neural networks, especially when there is not enough number of samples to construct a training set. Different clustering methods have been applied to our data set and the results are evaluated by using several cluster validation techniques.
Air moisture control on ocean surface temperature, hidden key to the warm bias enigma

The systematic overestimation by climate models of the surface temperature over the eastern tropical oceans is generally attributed to an insufficient oceanic cooling or to an underestimation of stratocumulus clouds. We show that surface evaporation contributes as much as clouds to the dispersion of the warm bias intensity in a multimodel simulations ensemble. The models with the largest warm biases are those with the highest surface heating by radiation and lowest evaporative cooling in atmospheric simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures. Surface evaporation also controls the amplitude of the surface temperature response to this overestimated heating, when the atmosphere is coupled to an ocean. Evaporation increases with temperature both because of increasing saturation humidity and of an unexpected drying of the near‐surface air. Both the origin of the bias and this temperature adjustment point to the key role of near‐surface relative humidity and its control by the atmospheric model.
The Value of Family Networks: Marriage and Network Formation in Family Business Groups

This paper investigates the formation of networks of family-owned business groups. We show that marriage of offspring can be used as a corporate strategy to establish family networks. We construct a detailed data set of newlyweds who are the offspring of big-business families in Thailand covering the period from 1991 to 2006. We find positive abnormal returns when the wedding partner is from a politically and economically well-connected family with the weddings associated with a three-day cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of 0.94% and 1.29%, respectively. In addition, we find that the choice of marriage is determined by the family business. Offspring are more likely to choose their spouse from a well-connected family when the family's businesses are more diversified, are in the property and construction industries, depend on government concessions and contracts, and have more leverage. The results suggest that family networks help to provide information and enforce contracts, thus reducing market frictions faced by firms in emerging economies. Our results also suggest that family connections are important in providing access to state resources and contracts.
Upper-mantle structure beneath the southern Bohemian Massif and its surroundings imaged by high-resolution tomography

S U M M A R Y We present a new velocity-perturbation model of the upper mantle down to 300 km retrieved by teleseismic tomography beneath the southern part of the Bohemian Massif (BM) and its surroundings. Though the upper mantle beneath the BM appears as extensive low-velocity heterogeneity in large-scale tomography studies of Europe, our regional study based on data from passive experiment BOHEMA III and the northern part of the ALPASS array reveals also velocity features at scales of ∼40 km. The most distinct low-velocity perturbations concentrate along the Eger Rift down to ∼200 km, while velocities at greater depths beneath this rift show high-velocity perturbations relative to the overall low-velocity character of the BM mantle. Two significant high-velocity heterogeneities dominate the tomography images. The most distinct and extensive one, located south of the BM, we associate with the eastern Alpine root. The second high-velocity heterogeneity can be traced in horizontal slices down to 215 km beneath the central part of the BM. These positive perturbations seem to shift from the southwestern part of the massif at shallower depths to the northeastern part of the BM at greater depths. The heterogeneity can reflect the lithosphere thickening resulting from the collision of the BM with the Brunovistulian (BV) microplate from the east and the following underthrusting of the BV beneath the Moldanubian part of the BM.
A Feasibility Analysis of Qingshan Reservoir Flood Limit Water Level Dynamic Controlling Operation Based on Short-term Rainfall Forecasts

Runoff yield and flow concentration time in Qingshan is so short that the forecast time is also very short.Resources of rain and flood are uneven,and lots of water is lost during the flood.These are incompatible with the development of social economy.In this paper,the precision and probability in Hangzhou's 24-hour rainfall forecast are analyzed.Flood lead time will be lengthened and the contradiction between demand and supply of wate resources will be solved.