Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Green Licensed-Shared Access

In this paper, we present a novel licensed-shared access (LSA) spectrum-sharing scheme as an energy efficient way to increase the spectral utility of a network. We consider a two-tier network where a small cell network offers offloading services to a macro network to improve its quality of service. In return, the small cells are rewarded for their cooperation with a number of licenses to operate in the spectrum owned by the macro network. The short link distances and diversity offered by the small cell network to offload the macro user help enhance the total spectral and energy utilization of the network. For effective functioning of the scheme, it is important to determine the division between the fraction of small cells that provide offloading services and those which obtain the licenses. In this paper, we present a comprehensive mathematical model of this LSA-based offloading and evaluate the optimal division between the offloading and licensing small cells. Our analysis shows that such spectrum sharing can lead to commendable gains in the spectral utilization of the network while assuring the desired quality of service for both macro and small network. An intelligent determination of the fraction of offloading small cell network results in efficient energy use for offloading. We test our scheme within the network parameters of the city of Leeds, U.K. Our results indicate that the spectral utility of Leeds can be improved by more than 12×, and the energy efficiency by 16× through our proposed scheme.
Predicting the Rate of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease: Data From the ICTUS Study

Background:Different rates of cognitive progression have been observed among Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. The present study aimed at evaluating whether the rate of cognitive worsening in AD may be predicted by widely available and easy-to-assess factors. Methods:Mild to moderate AD patients were recruited in the ICTUS study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to measure the association between several sociodemographic and clinical variables and 3 different rates of cognitive decline defined by modifications (after 1 year of follow-up) of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score: (1) “slow” progression, as indicated by a decrease in the MMSE score ⩽1 point; (2) “intermediate” progression, decrease in the MMSE score between 2 and 5 points; and (3) “rapid” progression, decrease in the MMSE score ≥6 points. Results:A total of 1005 patients were considered for the present analyses. Overall, most of the study participants (52%) exhibited a slow cognitive course. Higher ADAS-Cog scores at baseline were significantly associated with both “intermediate” and “rapid” decline. Conversely, increasing age was negatively associated with “rapid” cognitive worsening. Conclusions:A slow progression of cognitive decline is common among AD patients. The influence of age and baseline cognitive impairment should always be carefully considered when designing AD trials and defining study populations.
Apical–basal pattern formation in Arabidopsis embryogenesis

Embryogenesis transforms the fertilized egg cell into a multicellular organism. In higher animals, the mature embryo is a miniature variant of the adult animal, and whatever changes may take place during post‐embryonic development, they occur within the confines of the body organization established during embryogenesis. By contrast, higher plant embryogenesis generates a juvenile form, the seedling, which lacks most species‐specific features of the adult plant. Post‐embryonic development originates from two primary meristems, stem‐cell systems that occupy opposite ends of the main body axis. The primary shoot meristem at the top end is the source of cells for new organs, such as leaves, and secondary shoot meristems, including flowers. The primary root meristem at the bottom end produces cells for extension growth of the primary root. In addition, root branches are initiated from specific cell groups within the primary root. These primordia recapitulate radial patterning and root meristem establishment as occurs in embryogenesis (Malamy and Benfey, 1997). Thus, the considerable increase in architectural complexity during post‐embryonic development is contingent upon the basic body organization laid down during embryogenesis. Formally, the seedling body organization can be viewed as a superimposition of two patterns: an apical–basal pattern along the main axis of polarity and a radial pattern across the axis (Figure 1). Apical–basal pattern elements are, from top to bottom: shoot meristem, one or two cotyledons (embryonic leaves), hypocotyl (embryonic stem), radicle (embryonic root) and root meristem. The radial pattern consists of tissue layers that are arranged concentrically from the periphery to the centre: epidermis, cortex and endodermis (both derived from ground tissue), pericycle and vascular tissue (xylem and phloem). The origin of seedling structures can be traced back to cell groups in the young embryo, due to the highly invariant pattern of cell division in Arabidopsis early embryogenesis (Figure 1; for …
The Drosophila melanogaster RAD54 homolog, DmRAD54, is involved in the repair of radiation damage and recombination

The RAD54 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays a crucial role in recombinational repair of double-strand breaks in DNA. Here the isolation and functional characterization of the RAD54 homolog of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, DmRAD54, are described. The putative Dmrad54 protein displays 46 to 57% identity to its homologs from yeast and mammals. DmRAD54 RNA was detected at all stages of fly development, but an increased level was observed in early embryos and ovarian tissue. To determine the function of DmRAD54, a null mutant was isolated by random mutagenesis. DmRADS4-deficient flies develop normally, but the females are sterile. Early development appears normal, but the eggs do not hatch, indicating an essential role for DmRAD54 in development. The larvae of mutant flies are highly sensitive to X rays and methyl methanesulfonate. Moreover, this mutant is defective in X-ray-induced mitotic recombination as measured by a somatic mutation and recombination test. These phenotypes are consistent with a defect in the repair of double-strand breaks and imply that the RAD54 gene is crucial in repair and recombination in a multicellular organism. The results also indicate that the recombinational repair pathway is functionally conserved in evolution.
Novel Function of CD81 in Controlling Hepatitis C Virus Replication

ABSTRACT The mechanisms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication remain poorly understood, and the cellular factors required for HCV replication are yet to be completely defined. CD81 is known to mediate HCV entry. Our study uncovered an unexpected novel function of CD81 in the HCV life cycle that is important for HCV RNA replication. HCV replication occurred efficiently in infected cells with high levels of CD81 expression. In HCV-infected or RNA-transfected cells with low levels of CD81 expression, initial viral protein synthesis occurred normally, but efficient replication failed to proceed. The aborted replication could be restored by the transient transfection of a CD81 expression plasmid. CD81-dependent replication was demonstrated with both an HCV infectious cell culture and HCV replicon cells of genotypes 1b and 2a. We also showed that CD81 expression is positively correlated with the kinetics of HCV RNA synthesis but inversely related to the kinetics of viral protein production, suggesting that CD81 may control viral replication by directing viral RNA template function to RNA replication. Thus, CD81 may be necessary for the efficient replication of the HCV genome in addition to its role in viral entry.
PRIVACY-PRESERVING K-NEAREST NEIGHBOUR INTERPOLATION METHOD IN AN OUTSOURCED ENVIRONMENT

One of the most emerging computer technologies of this decade is cloud computing that allows data owners to outsource their storage and computing requirements. It enables data owners to avoid the costs of building and maintaining a private storage infrastructure. While outsourcing data to cloud promises significant benefits, it possesses substantial security and privacy concerns, especially when data stored in the cloud is sensitive and confidential, like a business plan. Encrypting the data before outsourcing can ensure privacy. However, it will be very difficult to process the cipher text created by the traditional encryption method. Considering this fact, we propose an efficient protocol that allows a query owner to retrieve the interpolation of the top k records from two different databases that are closest to a query point. Note that the databases are stored in two different cloud service providers in encrypted form. We also show that the proposed protocol ensures the privacy and the security of the data and the query point.
Social Big Data Analysis on Perception Level of Electromagnetic Field

The issue of opposition to transmission tower construction is continuously affecting the economy and society as a whole. In order to verify the effect of policies to settle conflicts implemented by the government and create measures to establish new policies to settle conflicts, a survey on the level of perception about the electromagnetic field is necessary. Existing investigations on the level of perception about the electromagnetic field were conducted in the form of surveys centered on direct interested parties and therefore there was a limitation in the scope of surveys. In order to complement the limitation on cost and the number of population, this study conducted analysis of electromagnetic field-related issues, analysis of social networks, and positive and negative analysis based on social big data.
Real-Time Space-Time Adaptive Processing on the STI CELL Multiprocessor

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) has been widely used in modern radar systems such as ground moving target indication (GMTI) systems in order to suppress jamming and interference. However, its baseband signal processing part usually requires huge amount of computing power. This paper presents the real-time implementation of an STAP baseband signal processing flow on the state-of-the-art STI CELL multiprocessor which enables the concept of software-defined radar (SDR). SIMD vectorization is applied to speed-up the kernel subroutines of STAP such as the QR decomposition, forward/backward substitution and fast Fourier transform (FFT). Benchmarking results of both the kernel subroutines and the overall flow are presented. Furthmore, based on the result of earlier benchmarking, optimized task partitioning and scheduling methods are proposed by us to improve the overall performance so that the overhead is reduced to the minimum.
Multisensory-Mediated Auditory Localization

Multisensory integration is a powerful mechanism for maximizing sensitivity to sensory events. We examined its effects on auditory localization in healthy human subjects. The specific objective was to test whether the relative intensity and location of a seemingly irrelevant visual stimulus would influence auditory localization in accordance with the inverse effectiveness and spatial rules of multisensory integration that have been developed from neurophysiological studies with animals [Stein and Meredith, 1993 The Merging of the Senses (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)]. Subjects were asked to localize a sound in one condition in which a neutral visual stimulus was either above threshold (supra-threshold) or at threshold. In both cases the spatial disparity of the visual and auditory stimuli was systematically varied. The results reveal that stimulus salience is a critical factor in determining the effect of a neutral visual cue on auditory localization. Visual bias and, hence, perceptual translocation of the auditory stimulus appeared when the visual stimulus was supra-threshold, regardless of its location. However, this was not the case when the visual stimulus was at threshold. In this case, the influence of the visual cue was apparent only when the two cues were spatially coincident and resulted in an enhancement of stimulus localization. These data suggest that the brain uses multiple strategies to integrate multisensory information.
416 Impact of Exercise on Lower Activity Levels in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial From Turkey

Background and Aims Children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exhibit body function disorders and activity limitations at an early stage. A study assessing the impact of activities and health-related quality of life of initiatives physical exercise in children with ALL were not found in Turkey. This study was carried out to determine the effects of an exercise program on both physical parameters and on quality of life in children with ALL. Methods A total of 41 children with ALL at two university hospitals were accepted into the study. Due to the demise of one of the children in the trial group, the study was completed with 19 trial and 21 control patients, a total of 40 children and their parents. The two groups were formed by randomized selection. The study was implemented in the children’s homes and in the clinical environment and in the period 2007–2008. Results When the trial subjects were assessed in terms of their mean scores in the 9-Minute Walk Test, the Timed Up and Down Stairs Test, the Timed Up and Go Test, the measurements of their leg muscle strength, their hemoglobin and hematocrit tests, a decidedly significant increase was seen compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions Regular and systematic exercise regimens implemented by children with ALL have resulted in improved testing results, enhanced physical performance, and better laboratory results compared to a control group and to children’s scores prior to the initiation of such a program.
Ethical issues in undertaking internet research of user-generated content: A review of the literature

Background. The internet enables innovative and cost-effective research with an increasingly global population. There are numerous approaches to internet research including virtual ethnography, thematic analysis, discursive analysis and network analysis using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, surveys and experiments. The point of contact for the researcher includes e-mail, discussion boards, chatrooms, multi-user domains, social virtual worlds, blogs, video sharing sites and social networks. Although some guidance is available, there is no consensus or standardised approach to internet research ethics. While this situation enables freedom to consider a variety of approaches, it can be difficult for researchers (as well as research ethics committees) to ascertain minimum standards and good practice. Aim. To identify key ethical issues in relation to undertaking web-based research of user-generated content. Methods. A structured literature search was undertaken using seven databases; PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Computer and Information Systems Database, CINAHL, Web of Science, Social Services Abstracts, ERIC, IEEExplore and OVID SP Collection. References and citations were also trawled to identify relevant papers, books and web based sources. Results. A total of 438 papers were retrieved of which 22 were deemed relevant based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic content analysis revealed three over-arching themes related to internet research ethics: person-, researcher- and systemsorientated. Conclusion. Online researchers should consider the ethical issues pertaining to themselves as researchers, the perception of individuals and the unique features of the network environment.
Deliberative democracy, global green information system and spirituality

Good governance is a prerequisite for a transition toward a more sustainable development. Within western democracy, governance is understood either as a management function or as a leadership role played by the government, politicians, business, academics, not-for-profit and community organizations or just particular individuals within civil society. More recently, this top–down approach has been challenged by the newly emerging methods of deliberative democracy which entrust the power of decision-making to randomly selected representatives of the public following intensive processes of deliberation. The role of experts in the process is to inform the deliberations, and the role of the traditional structures of power within society is to implement the outcomes from the deliberations.Information availability is a serious condition for the potential of deliberative democracy to be fulfilled. Within the climate change imperatives, the focus of information delivery should be on allowing for a global picture to be created as the basis for individual localized decision-making. Based on the unprecedented power of computer and communication technology, this chapter puts forward the concept of a Global Green Information System (GGIS) which can provide the virtual space for and support on-line deliberative democracy processes. The functions that such a GGIS can provide are monitoring, information storage and transmission, facilitation of decision-making and analysis of virtual sustainability models.Despite its enormous importance and input, the GGIS however will only be a tool in the broader deliberative processes guided by the value systems represented by society members.
Bounded Rationality and the Politics of Muddling Through

What is rational for administrators to do depends on the situations in which they work. Pressed for quick recommendations, they cannot begin long studies. Faced with organizational rivalries, competition, and turf struggles, they may justifiably be less than wholly candid about their own plans. What is sensible to do depends on the context one is in, in ordinary life no less than in public administration. The situation is a bit like that of the recent immigrant who kept stuffing a vending machine with quarters and getting pieces of pie from the tray below. To his friend, who found him doing this and yelled for him to stop immediately, he said, "What's it to you if I keep winning? " The situation in public administration, planning, and policy studies more generally is a little less funny. The vending machines are erratic. They cost more. And the advice of friends has generally been unsatisfactory, falling into two broad clusters of commentaries. The long familiar "rational-comprehensive" position promises that "you get what you pay for": to solve problems you must define the problem carefully, collect all relevant information, rank values, evaluate alternatives, and select the best strategy. The other old friend, one day a "satisficer," the next day an "incrementalist," suggests that "you get what you can see": to cross an intersection, do not look all the way across town. Neither of these commentaries helps much in practice. The rational-comprehensive formulation can be a recipe for failure; the incrementalist formulation could have us cross and recross intersections without knowing where we were going. This essay proposes a resolution to this quandary that lies at the very heart of administrative theory and practice. By assessing degrees of complexity in decision situations, decision makers may be better able to adopt a strategy to fit the situation at hand, thus avoiding impossible information-processing demands, on the one hand, and unsatisfactory, "making do," settling-for-less strategies, on the other hand. In particular. this essay seeks to refine the practical
Regulation of the threonine operon: tandem threonine and isoleucine codons in the control region and translational control of transcription termination.

The DNA sequence of 178 base pairs preceding the first structural gene of the threonine operon of Escherichia coli has been determined. A region of perfect 2-fold rotational symmetry, involving 28 base pairs, precedes the first structural gene. The structural similarity of this sequence to known RNA polymerase termination sites suggests that this region is the termination site of the threonine operon leader RNA. Moreover a mutation (thr 79-20), which confers a depressed, constitutive phenotype, was sequenced and found to be a G.C insertion in the putative terminator. A potential coding region for a 21-amino acid leader peptide ends approximately 18 base pairs before the terminator. This peptide contains eight threonine and four isoleucine codons. Eleven of these codons are in tandem. A model for threonine operon regulation, involving alternative secondary RNA structures and translation of leader RNA, is discussed.
Cardiovascular responses to a high-fat and a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy elderly subjects.

1. The cardiovascular responses to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals (2.5 MJ) were compared in healthy, non-obese elderly subjects (mean age 68 years, range 63-74 years). 2. Measurements of cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate, calf blood flow and superior mesenteric artery blood flow were made before and for 60 min after the two meals. 3. Systolic blood pressure only fell after the high-carbohydrate meal, reaching a nadir 13 mmHg below baseline values (95% confidence interval of the change, -2 to -25 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure fell by 8 mmHg at 30 min after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, -1 to -15 mmHg) and by 5 mmHg 45 min after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, -1 to -8 mmHg). 4. Superior mesenteric artery blood flow rose by 70% after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, +105 to +297 ml/min) and by 42% after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, +35 to +256 ml/min, P < 0.0001, analysis of variance). Calf blood flow reached a nadir 30 min after the high-carbohydrate meal (95% confidence interval of the change, -0.14 to -0.96 ml min-1 100 ml-1) and 15 min after the high-fat meal (95% confidence interval of the change, -0.1 to -0.92 ml min-1 100 ml-1 P < 0.01). There was no significant change in heart rate or cardiac output over the experimental period. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New Guinea Pig Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT We developed a guinea pig model of cryptococcal meningitis to evaluate antifungal agents. Immunosuppressed animals challenged intracranially with Cryptococcus neoformans responded to fluconazole and voriconazole. Disease was monitored by serial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures and quantitative organ cultures. Our model produces disseminating central nervous system disease and responds to antifungal therapy.