Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study

Abstract Objective : To assess the effect of anticipating job change or non-employment on self reported health status in a group of middle aged male and female white collar civil servants. Design : Longitudinal cohort study (Whitehall II study). Questionnaire data on self reported health status and health behaviour were obtained at initial screening and four years later, during the period when employees of the department facing privatisation were anticipating job change or job loss. Setting : London based office staff in 20 civil service departments. Subjects : 666 members of one department threatened with early privatisation were compared with members of the 19 other departments. Main outcome measures : Self reported health status measures and health related behaviours, before and during anticipation of privatisation. Results : In comparison to the remainder of the cohort, the profile of health related behaviours of cohort members who faced privatisation was more favourable, both before and during anticipation of privatisation. There were no significant differences in the changes in health behaviours between cohort members moving into a period of job insecurity and the remainder of the cohort. Self reported health status, however, tended to deteriorate among employees anticipating privatisation when compared with that of the rest of the cohort. Conclusions : The application of a longitudinal design, allowing the same individuals to be followed from job security into anticipation, provides more robust evidence than has previously been available that anticipation of job loss affects health even before employment status has changed.
Current and Emerging Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for the Radiologist, Part 1—Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety

SUMMARY: Imaging for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with suspected or confirmed multiple sclerosis is a common scenario for many general radiologists and subspecialty neuroradiologists. The field of MS therapeutics has rapidly evolved with multiple new agents now being used in routine clinical practice. To provide an informed opinion in discussions concerning newer MS agents, radiologists must have a working understanding of the strengths and limitations of the various novel therapies. The role of imaging in MS has advanced beyond monitoring and surveillance of disease activity to include treatment complications. An understanding of the new generation of MS drugs in conjunction with the key role that MR imaging plays in the detection of disease progression, opportunistic infections, and drug-related adverse events is of vital importance to the radiologist and clinical physician alike. Radiologists are in a unique position to detect many of the described complications well in advance of clinical symptoms. Part 1 of this review outlines recent developments in the treatment of MS and discusses the published clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the currently approved and emerging therapies in this condition as they apply to the radiologist. Part 2 will cover pharmacovigilance and the role the neuroradiologist plays in monitoring patients for signs of opportunistic infection and/or disease progression.
Designing a Resource Pooling Transport Protocol

This paper presents a design for an end-to-end transport protocol for multi-homed end systems that pools the communication resources of multiple network paths to support a single communication session. This approach offers improved performance and resilience compared to communicating over a single path. Compared to previous efforts, deployability in the current commercial Internet, i.e., in the presence of middleboxes, filtering and restricted connectivity, was a key driver for the design of the Resource Pooling Protocol (RPP).
Neurostimulation in Clinical and Sub-clinical Eating Disorders: A Systematic Update of the Literature

Introduction Whilst psychological therapies are the main approach to treatment of eating disorders (EDs), advances in aetiological research suggest the need for the development of more targeted, brain-focused treatments. A range of neurostimulation approaches, most prominently repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS), are rapidly emerging as potential novel interventions. We have previously reviewed these techniques as potential treatments of EDs. Aim To provide an update of the literature examining the effects of DBS, rTMS and tDCS on eating behaviours, body weight and associated symptoms in people with EDs and relevant analogue populations. Methods Using PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from 1st January 2013 until 14th August 2017, to update our earlier search. Studies assessing the effects of neurostimulation techniques on eating and weight-related outcomes in people with EDs and relevant analogue populations were included. Data from both searches were combined. Results We included a total of 32 studies (526 participants); of these, 18 were newly identified by our update search. Whilst findings are somewhat mixed for bulimia nervosa, neurostimulation techniques have shown potential in the treatment of other EDs, in terms of reduction of ED and associated symptoms. Studies exploring cognitive, neural, and hormonal correlates of these techniques are also beginning to appear. Conclusions Neurostimulation approaches show promise as treatments for EDs. As yet, large well-conducted randomised controlled trials are lacking. More information is needed about treatment targets, stimulation parameters and mechanisms of action.
A sRNA in a reduced mutualistic symbiont genome regulates its own gene expression

Similar to other nutritional endosymbionts that are obligate for host survival, the mutualistic aphid endosymbiont, Buchnera, has a highly reduced genome with few regulatory elements. Until recently, it was thought that aphid hosts were primarily responsible for regulating their symbiotic relationship. However, we recently revealed that Buchnera displays differential protein regulation, but not mRNA expression. We also identified a number of conserved small RNAs (sRNAs) that are expressed among Buchnera taxa. In this study, we investigate whether differential protein regulation in Buchnera is the result of post‐transcriptional gene regulation via sRNAs. We characterize the sRNA profile of two Buchnera life stages: (i) when Buchnera is transitioning from an extracellular proliferating state in aphid embryos and (ii) when Buchnera is in an intracellular nonproliferating state in aphid bacteriocytes (specialized symbiont cells). Overall, we identified 90 differentially expressed sRNAs, 97% of which were upregulated in aphid embryos. Of these sRNAs, the majority were predicted to be involved in the regulation of various metabolic processes, including arginine biosynthesis. Using a heterologous dual expression vector, we reveal for the first time that a Buchnera antisense sRNA can post‐transcriptionally interact with its cognate Buchnera coding sequence, carB, a gene involved in arginine biosynthesis. These results corroborate our in vivo RNAseq and proteomic data, where the candidate antisense sRNA carB and the protein CarB are significantly upregulated in aphid embryos. Overall, we demonstrate that Buchnera may regulate gene expression independently from its host by utilizing sRNAs.
Isomorphic Change of Accounting Standards against the Background of Globalization

This paper strives to explore and address one of the possible solutions for globalizing accounting standards that meet Japanese social and economic values. This goes without saying that accounting systems are subject to forces considered isomorphic with the global system according to authorities such as the IASB and the FASB. The accounting system is also inclined to be isomorphic with the global system due to the abstract and vague objectives of value relevance and reliability (or faithful representation) with financial reporting. We understand that a great amount of enforcement exists for the isomorphism of institutionalization in the social phenomenon, therefore I focus on the process of creating a sense of legitimacy for the IFRSs. I focus specifically on the process of structuring and institutionalizing to expand the field of IFRSs and thereby creating legitimacy. I also focus on how the FASB has been working on establishing restraints for IFRS expansion after the issuance of the ``Memorandum and Understanding `The Norwalk Agreement'. " Furthermore, this paper discusses the prospects and challenges for the globalization of accounting standards in Japan. One possible solution would be to disclose reconciliation accounts that show the main difference between the IFRSs and the Japanese GAAP. The summative disclosure of significant adjustments against the net income and shareholder' s equity will be required if the IFRSs has been fully applied in lieu of the Japanese GAAP.
Protein kinase C beta (PKC beta): normal functions and diseases.

PKC beta I and PKC beta II are DAG- and Ca(2+)-dependent conventional or classical isoforms of protein kinase C. Generated by alternative splicing from a single gene, they differ at their C-terminal 50 (beta I) or 52 (beta II) residues. They are expressed as major PKC isoforms in a variety of tissues, and thus the functions ascribed to "PKC" based on early studies using phorbol esters and PKC inhibitors could be attributed to them. As tools to probe into isoform-specific functions have recently become available, our understanding of the normal functions of these isoforms has dramatically increased. This minireview will focus mainly on two areas of signal transduction where the roles of PKC beta I and PKC beta II are relatively well-characterized: immunoreceptor and insulin receptor systems. Their involvement in disorders due to pertubations in these signaling systems, i.e., immunodeficiencies and diabetes, is also reviewed. Finally, patterns of PKC action in these and other biologic systems are discussed.
Serum Amyloid A Promotes Cholesterol Efflux Mediated by Scavenger Receptor B-I*

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein whose expression is markedly up-regulated during inflammation and infection. The physiological function of SAA is unclear. In this study, we reported that SAA promotes cellular cholesterol efflux mediated by scavenger receptor B-I (SR-BI). In Chinese hamster ovary cells, SAA promoted cellular cholesterol efflux in an SR-BI-dependent manner, whereas apoA-I did not. Similarly, SAA, but not apoA-I, promoted cholesterol efflux from HepG2 cells in an SR-BI-dependent manner as shown by using the SR-BI inhibitor BLT-1. When SAA was overexpressed in HepG2 cells using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, the endogenously expressed SAA promoted SR-BI-dependent efflux. To assess the effect of SAA on SR-BI-mediated efflux to high density lipoprotein (HDL), we compared normal HDL, acute phase HDL (AP-HDL, prepared from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide), and AdSAA-HDL (HDL prepared from mice overexpressing SAA). Both AP-HDL and AdSAA-HDL promoted 2-fold greater cholesterol efflux than normal HDL. Lipid-free SAA was shown to also stimulate ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux in fibroblasts, in line with an earlier report (Stonik, J. A., Remaley, A. T., Demosky, S. J., Neufeld, E. B., Bocharov, A., and Brewer, H. B. (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 321, 936–941). When added to cells together, SAA and HDL exerted a synergistic effect in promoting ABCA1-dependent efflux, suggesting that SAA may remodel HDL in a manner that releases apoA-I or other efficient ABCA1 ligands from HDL. SAA also facilitated efflux by a process that was independent of SR-BI and ABCA1. We conclude that the acute phase protein SAA plays an important role in HDL cholesterol metabolism by promoting cellular cholesterol efflux through a number of different efflux pathways.
Baseline extent of damage predicts spinal radiographic progression in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with golimumab

Background/Aims For patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), golimumab has consistent efficacy in controlling disease activity over 5 years but its benefit in preventing radiographic progression was less clear at 4 years. To predict radiographic progression, we analyzed the baseline characteristics of AS patients in a Korean population. Methods Sixty-eight Korean patients with AS participated in the phase 3, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (GO-RAISE) which has previously been described. Baseline modified stoke AS spine score (mSASSS) and change in mSASSS from baseline (ΔmSASSS) until week 208 were analyzed in the Korean patients enrolled in the GO-RAISE study. Results Although Korean patients had lower baseline mSASSS compared to non-Korean patients and received active management, radiographic progression was not prevented. Korean patients who did not undergo radiographic progression of spinal lesions of AS were younger and had shorter symptomatic duration, lower Bath AS functional and metrology indices, better chest expansion, and lower baseline mSASSS. The baseline mSASSS and ΔmSASSS were positively correlated in Korean AS patients (p < 0.001). Radiographic progression was more prevalent (80.0%) when baseline mSASSS > 10 and less common (13.0%) with baseline mSASSS = 0. Conclusions In Korean AS patients, radiographic progression of the spine after 4 years was predicted effectively by the initial severity of the spinal lesion(s) in patients treated with golimumab.
BIOTECHNOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ENZYMES AND PROTEINS AoS 28 D , a proline-Xaa carboxypeptidase secreted by Aspergillus oryzae

Prolyl peptidases of the MEROPS S28 family are of particular interest because they are key enzymes in the digestion of proline-rich peptides. A BLAST analysis of the Aspergillus oryzae genome revealed sequences coding for four proteases of the S28 family. Three of these proteases, AoS28A, AoS28B, and AoS28C, were previously characterized as acidic prolyl endopeptidases. The fourth protease, AoS28D, showed high sequence divergence with other S28 proteases and belongs to a phylogenetically distinct cluster together with orthologous proteases from other Aspergillus species. The objective of the present paper was to characterize AoS28D protease in terms of substrate specificity and activity. AoS28D produced by gene overexpression in A. oryzae and in Pichia pastoris was a 70kDa glycoprotein with a 10-kDa sugar moiety. In contrast with other S28 proteases, AoS28D did not hydrolyze internal ProXaa bonds of several tested peptides. Similarly, to human lysosomal Pro-Xaa carboxypeptidase, AoS28D demonstrated selectivity for cleaving C-terminal Pro-Xaa bonds which are resistant to carboxypeptidases of the S10 family concomitantly secreted by A. oryzae. Therefore, AoS28D could act in synergy with these enzymes during sequential degradation of a peptide from its C-terminus.
Scalable Stream Processing with Quality of Service for Smart City Crowdsensing Applications

Crowdsensing is emerging as a powerful paradigm capable of leveraging the collective, though imprecise, monitoring capabilities of common people carrying smartphones or other personal devices, which can effectively become real-time mobile sensors, collecting information about the physical places they live in. This unprecedented amount of information, considered collectively, offers new valuable opportunities to understand more thoroughly the environment in which we live and, more importantly, gives the chance to use this deeper knowledge to act and improve, in a virtuous loop, the environment itself. However, managing this process is a hard technical challenge, spanning several socio-technical issues: here, we focus on the related quality, reliability, and scalability trade-offs by proposing an architecture for crowdsensing platforms that dynamically self-configure and self-adapt depending on application-specific quality requirements. In the context of this general architecture, the paper will specifically focus on the Quasit distributed stream processing middleware, and show how Quasit can be used to process and analyze crowdsensing-generated data flows with differentiated quality requirements in a highly scalable and reliable way.
Supply-Side Considerations in the Location of Industry in Suburban Communities: Empirical Evidence from the Philadelphia SMSA

An examination of the recent data on the spatial distribution of manufacturing employment in the largest metropolitan areas of the U.S. leaves little doubt that the majority of the new industrial location activity that is occurring in metropolitan America is in its suburbs. ' The increasing importance of the suburbs as a location for manufacturing activity raises important efficiency and equity issues for government decision makers at all levels. This paper deals with one of these efficiency issues-the impact of local government activities on the spatial allocation of industrial investment in the suburbs of a
Sedation in Intensive Care Unit patients: Assessment and awareness

Nevertheless, providing patients with an optimal level of sedation is a challenging act. Patients who are inadequately sedated are more likely to remain anxious, experience ventilator dysynchrony, remove invasive devices and experience post-traumatic stress disorder. [1] Other problems arising from undersedation are increased stress symptoms such as hypermetabolism, sodium and water retention, substrate mobilization from energy stress and lipolysis, cardiovascular symptoms including tachycardia, increased blood pressure, increased oxygen consumption, altered respiratory rates, altered gastrointestinal motility, changes in coagulability such as clotting time, platelet aggregation and delayed wound healing. [2]
Towards a Seamless World Names Database Leak

This paper sets out to address limitations in a global database of personal names (worldnames.publicprofiler.org: WND). A synthesis of 26 publicly available electoral register and telephone directory datasets. However, it has proven difficult to source further data that are representative of some other countries resident populations. Thus, this study seeks to evaluate the potential for proxy registers based on geotagged Twitter data and further, to devise a method for evaluating the datas’ quality. The paper concludes with a discussion of the problems arising where there are no registers or directories against which population registers or directories might be compared.
Low-Wage Work in the Wealthy World

This volume grows out of the research on the United States summarized in Low-Wage America: How Employers Are Reshaping Opportunities in the Workplace, which sought to understand how U.S. firms were responding to economic globalization, deregulation, and technological progress, and how such responses were affecting typically low-wage front-line workers. The focus is placed here on five industries --retail, hotels, hospitals, food processing, and call centers-- in each of five European countries --Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The varied experience of European firms offers a rich source of insights into the interaction of firm strategies, labor-market institutions, and economic outcomes for low-wage workers. Relative to the United States, the generally higher degrees of government regulation of product and labor markets and the substantially higher rates of unionization and coverage by collective bargaining agreements in Europe mean that European firms typically face greater constraints on the business strategies than similar firms in the United States. The volume consists of two parts. The first (Chapters 1 through 4) reviews key features of the six national economies, their labor-market institutions, and low-wage work. Chapter 2 presents our main findings on the level and trends in low-wage work, and the principal characteristics of the low-wage labor markets in each country. Chapter 3 analyzes the national pay-setting institutions, broadly defined, that are the primary determinants of wages in each of the six economies. Chapter 4 reviews the effect of national institutions on the supply side of the low-wage labor market. The second half of the volume (Chapters 5 through 10) presents the five industry case studies. Chapter 5 is an overview of the main industry-level findings. Chapter 6 examines retail; Chapter 7, hotels; Chapter 8, hospitals; Chapter 9, food processing; and Chapter 10, call centers.
Kinetic modeling and occupancy measures of the norepinephrine transporters in baboons using single photon emission computed tomography with 123I‐INER

This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a recently developed radiotracer for imaging of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in baboon brain, 123I‐INER, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In addition, it also aims to determine NET occupancy by atomoxetine and reboxetine, two selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, using 123I‐INER in baboons. Baseline and preblocking studies with a high dose of atomoxetine (0.85 mg/kg) were conducted in three baboons using SPECT with 123I‐INER administered as a bolus. Kinetic modeling analysis was investigated for different models, namely invasive and reference tissue models. Bolus plus constant infusion experiments with displacement at equilibrium using six different doses of atomoxetine (0.03–0.85 mg/kg) and four different doses of reboxetine (0.5–3.0 mg/kg) were carried out in several baboons to obtain occupancy measurements as a function of dose for the two NET selective drugs. Results showed that reference tissue models can be used to estimate binding potential values and occupancy measures of 123I‐INER in different brain regions. In addition, the apparent volume of distribution was estimated by dividing concentration in tissue by the concentration in blood at 3 hours postinjection. After administration of atomoxetine or reboxetine, a dose‐dependent occupancy was observed in brain regions known to contain high densities of NET. In conclusion, pharmacokinetic properties of 123I‐INER were successfully described, and obtained results may be used to simplify future data acquisition and image processing. Dose‐dependent NET occupancy for two selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors was successfully measured in vivo in baboon brain using SPECT and 123I‐INER. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I: a new look at pathophysiology.

I. Introduction FAMILIAL multiple endocrine endocrine neoplasia type I (FMENI) is a complex hereditary disorder encompassing pancreatic and pituitary tumors and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Hyperparathyroidism is the most frequently expressed endocrinopathy in the syndrome which may also include one or more of the following: hyperinsulinism, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, pancreatic cholera, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, and hyperprolactinemia. The earliest suggestion of such a complex syndrome generally is thought to be Erdheim's description (1) of parathyroid enlargement and pituitary adenoma discovered coexisting at autopsy. Rossier and Dressler (2) reported on two siblings with Cushing's syndrome, hypoglycemia, and kidney stones. In 1945 Shelbourne and McLaughlin (3) observed another subject displaying hypoglycemia, kidney stones, and a pituitary adenoma. Wermer (4) described several cases of multiple glandular hyperfunction in a family and called attention to the likely genetic nature of the.