Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mucoadhesive assessment – An encyclopedic review

Primary objectives behind the use of mucoadhesive drug delivery devices are to prolong their residential time at the particular site to make them target specific, and to enhance the drug absorption process. In this way, the measurement of mucoadhesivity is a crucial step to design the mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The strategy of the use of mucoadhesive polymeric materials to improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments has been introduced as long ago and the approach is still of a great interest in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Nowadays, various methods used to measure the mucoadhesivity are included in the present review. These systems are usually in vitro or ex vivo in nature, and due to their relative ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness, these are limited in scope and still a serious need to improve their trait. The selection of such systems for the in vivo studies is a big challenge. Hence, the new discovery in the field of mucoadhesive drug delivery could be a great achievement to the scientific society.
Characterization of intronic SNP located in candidate genes influencing cattle temperament

- The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on temperament traits in a Brahman cattle population. The SNP located in CACNG4 , EXOC4 , NRXN3 , and SLC9A4 candidate genes were genotyped in 250 animals with temperament records of exit velocity, pen score, and temperament score. Rs3423464051:G>A in the CACNG4 gene was associated with exit velocity and temperament score. An in silico analysis of the five intronic SNP showed that alternative alleles of CACNG4 -rs3423464051, EXOC4 -rs109393235, and SLC9A4 -rs109722627 SNP could alter branch point sites during splicing, while a protein–protein interaction network analysis demonstrated a GRIA2 gene-mediated interaction between CACNG4 and NRXN3 . The present results support previously reported evidence regarding bovine temperament-related candidate genes, particularly CACNG4 , which is a confirmed candidate gene in need of more detailed analyses to reveal its role in temperament-related traits.
Tourist tax for sustainability: Determining willingness to pay

Tourist tax has become increasingly important to destinations worldwide to internalize the external costs of tourism and to support tourism investments, provide social services and protect the environment. Based on “the user pays principle”, tourist tax aims for a fair distribution of the costs created by tourism activity. It is therefore important to explore the tourists’ willingness to pay tourist tax, identify its antecedents, and examine outcomes of tourist tax. However, few studies have examined attitudes of tourist as taxpayers. Hence, the present study aims to the determine tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) tourist tax to enhance sustainable tourism and identify the factors affecting their willingness. Informed by the literature review, various scenarios of willingness to pay tourist tax were created. The scenario surveys were collected from tourists staying at least one night in Istanbul. Data from 428 responses collected were analyzed by utilizing the Tobit model in the STATA v14 program. The results indicate that average amount that tourists are willing to pay varied with each scenario. The WTP was lowest when the expenditure items were not specified whereas it was highest for the cultural heritage support scenario. In line with the proposed model, willingness to pay also depended on socio-demographic variables, knowledge level, travel content, and behavioral factors.
Restored tufa-depositing streams: a dynamic interface between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

Stream periphyton has implications for ecosystem processes, yet little is known about its function in response to restoration efforts. In this study, we compared the taxonomic and functional composition of periphytic ciliates between restored and unrestored (control) streams for two different immersion periods to identify species with indicator potential, identify ciliate functional traits that differ between the two stream types, and examine the effects of environmental parameters on species and functional trait composition. Our study showed that restored streams differed from control streams in terms of species and functional trait composition. In restored streams, better competitors, i.e., omnivorous and bacterivorous free-swimming ciliates predominated, utilizing a wider range of different niches created by the greater microhabitat complexity due to retention of allochthonous organic matter particles and precipitation of calcite crystals, i.e., tufa. One of these species was Platyophrya vorax, which was identified as a species with indicator potential for restored tufa-depositing streams. The relationship between habitat heterogeneity, ciliate functional traits, and organic matter dynamics suggests that restoration of tufa-depositing streams affects ecosystem functioning by influencing its functional components, highlighting the need to investigate such ecosystems through the prism of connected lotic and terrestrial ecosystems rather than isolated ecosystems.
A Simulation Comparison of Bootstrap Procedures in Periodically Correlated Time Series Models

The presence of periodicity in data with periodic structure has become an important issue in parameter estimation. Severalmethods have been studied with intention estimating different parameters or constructing confidence intervals for theparameters. In this paper we investigate the performance of the bootstrap procedures designed for dependent data in thecase of Periodically Correlated time series models. Several models with periodic structure are studied in this paper and weuse R programming language to realize a simulation comparison of the performance of bootstrap procedures presented.
Design a speed reducer gearbox using chameleon swarm algorithm

In this paper, Chameleon Swarm Algorithm, which is a new metaheuristic algorithm, is used to design a speed reducer gearbox. The gearbox is used in an autonomous vehicle, and it is supposed to take in consideration the total weight of the gear sets along with other contains that include the stresses; including the bending and surface stresses for the gears and the stresses of the shaft, and he deflections of the shafts, beside other contains. The algorithm must find the optimal solution while satisfying the eleven constraints, which makes it a multi-objective optimization problem. The algorithm minimizes the energy dissipation in the gears as the design is optimal. The algorithm will be tested in Monte Carlo simulation to show its stability and robustness in such an application. The computer resources are examined, and the results are compared to the particle swarm optimization. The proposed method shows better results and better performance compared to the PSO.
COLOR AND MULTI-RESOLUTION DBC CO-OCCURRENCE MATRIX FOR IMAGE RETRIEVAL

This paper presents a novel image indexing and retrieval algorithm using Gaussian multi-resolution directional binary code (DBC) co-occurrence matrix and color histogram. DBC histogram captures only the patterns distribution in a texture while the spatial correlation between the pair of patterns is gathered by DBC Co-occurrence. Multi-resolution texture decomposition and co-occurrence calculation has been efficiently used in the proposed method where multiresolution texture images are computed using Gaussian filter for collection of DBCs from these particular textures. Eventually, feature vectors are constructed by making into play the co-occurrence matrix that exists between binary patterns and color histogram which is constructed from the RGB spaces of the color image. The retrieval results of the proposed method have been tested by conducting two experiments on Corel-1K and MIT VisTex texture databases. The results after being investigated show a significant improvement in terms of their evaluation measures as compared to the existing features for image retrieal.
The Use and Abuse of Technology: The Relationship Between Personalities and Continuance Intention in Performing Internet Vigilantism Among Malaysians

The opportunity to research Internet Vigilantism (IV) is timely due to its wide prevalence and the social concern that surrounds it. There is still a lack of comprehensive academic understanding of why users continue to condone IV. A significant number of studies suggested that the role of personalities has instigated such intentions. This was based on significant relationships found between different types of personality to their continuance intention of performing cyberbullying, a subsequent result of IV. This study reviewed literature in the respective areas and intends to identify the level of extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism personality among Malaysians and their continuance intention to perform IV. This study also hypothesized that there were significant relationships between extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism personality with continuance intention to perform IV. Data was collected from 247 Internet users in Malaysia and was analyzed with statistical analysis (SPSS) using mean, standard deviation, and regression analysis. It was found that Malaysians possessed mild neuroticism personality but strong psychoticism and extraversion personality. There were also significant relationships between extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism personality with continuance intention to perform IV among Malaysians. This study has contributed to the literatures of psychology works that correlate personality traits to online social behaviour.
Uncertainty Analysis of Reservoir Static Modelling: A Case Study of KMJ Oil Field

: This case study explains the uncertainty of Original Oil in Place (OOIP) calculations in reservoir static modeling of KMJ Oil Field. This field consists of 4 (four) wells in an area of ± 600 acres with high heterogeneity, so in building a 3D Model, it is necessary to analyze the sensitivity and uncertainty of geological concepts, calculations of petrophysical properties, and fluid contact. The OOIP calculation uses a probabilistic method and determines reserves related to field development. The uncertainty analysis study begins by identifying the parameters with the most significant influence (Sensitivity Analysis) in calculating OOIP in the static reservoir model. To determine the ranking of reservoir uncertainty parameters, several geological, geophysical
Neutrino and Dark Matter Confronting DAMPE Excess

The DAMPE has observed a sharp peak at about 1.5 TeV in the electron plus positron spectrum. In this paper, we interpret the DAMPE excess in the scotogenic type-II model. The model naturally generate tiny neutrino mass at one-loop level with dark matter $\chi$ in the loop. Provided the existence of a nearby DM subhalo, the DAMPE excess around 1.5 TeV can be explained by a pair of DM $\chi$ annihilates into a pair of triplet scalars with the triplet scalars decaying leptonicly $H^{\pm\pm}\to \ell^\pm\ell^\pm$, $H^{\pm}\to \ell^\pm \nu$, and $H^0$, $A^0\to \nu\nu$ when $M_\chi\approx M_\Delta\approx$ 3 TeV. Including the background cosmic rays, fitting to the entire electron plus positron spectrum shows that the DAMPE excess favors the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy.
Characterizing the atmosphere of exoplanets using high-resolution spectroscopy

The discovery of planets around other stars is one of the greatest scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Nowadays, exoplanetology is one of the fields in Astronomy that generates most interest, not only from the scientific community but also from the media and public in general. This grants it a large support from both, which recognize this field’s scientific value and support the development of several projects (space missions like Kepler, PLATO or ground based like ESPRESSO, ESO’s ELT) with exoplanet science as one of their main drivers. This work focuses on the opportunity that arises from optical high-resolution spectroscopy to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres, in particular their albedo. How an exoplanet atmosphere interacts with the radiation coming from its host star is paramount to understand some highly interesting planet’s characteristics such as its climate, cloud coverage, chemical balance, habitability, etc. In particular, when the light from a star is reflected on a planet’s atmosphere, it will be modulated by the planet’s reflectance – or albedo – which is highly dependent on the atmospheric chemical and physical characteristics. At visible wavelengths, an exoplanet’s signature is essentially reflected light from the host star, only several orders of magnitude fainter. However, it is superimposed on the stellar host spectrum and hidden amidst the stellar noise. This makes its detection a difficult observational challenge, pushing the limits of current generation of observing facilities. In this doctoral project, we studied the possibility to recover the minute optical signature from exoplanets and infer the planetary albedo to hint at its atmospheric composition. The major result from this project was the recovery of the reflected optical spectral signal from 51 Pegasi b from HARPS observations of the system, and infer that this planet is most likely a highly-inflated planet with a high albedo. To do so, we cross-correlated these observations with a spectral mask to amplify the planetary signal and make it surface above the stellar noise. We extended the cross-correlation technique to make it capable to not only recover the broadband albedo from the planet, but also its color dependency. We tested the technique to simulated ESPRESSO and HIRES observations of known planets. In all cases, we were able to successfully recover the simulated albedo function and distinguish between possible atmospheric models with different compositions. The detection of the reflected optical spectrum from 51 Pegasi b is a major step towards the understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. However, the real challenges will come with the next generation of instruments such as ESPRESSO and 30-m class telescopes like the ELT. These will put us in a privileged position to detect reflected light from exoplanets, probe their atmospheres in unsurpassed detail and maybe even find proof of life.
Host genotype and microbiome associations in co‐occurring clonal and non‐clonal kelp, Ecklonia radiata

A fundamental question in holobiont biology is the extent to which microbiomes are determined by host characteristics regulated by their genotype. Studies on the interactions of host genotype and microbiomes are emerging but disentangling the role that host genotype has in shaping microbiomes remains challenging in natural settings. Host genotypes tend to be segregated in space and affected by different environments. Here we overcome this challenge by studying an unusual situation where host asexual (5 clonal lineages) and sexual genotypes (15 non‐clonal lineages) of the same species co‐occur under the same environment. This allowed us to partition the influence of morphological traits and genotype in shaping host‐associated bacterial communities. Lamina‐associated bacteria of co‐occurring kelp sexual non‐clonal (Ecklonia radiata) and asexual clonal (E. brevipes) morphs were compared to test whether host genotype influences microbiomes beyond morphology. Similarity of bacterial composition and predicted functions were evaluated among individuals within a single clonal genotype or among non‐clonal genotypes of each morph. Higher similarity in bacterial composition and inferred functions were found among identical clones of E. brevipes compared to other clonal genotypes or unique non‐clonal E. radiata genotypes. Additionally, bacterial diversity and composition differed significantly between the two morphs and were related with one morphological trait in E. brevipes (haptera). Thus, factors regulated by the host genotype (e.g. secondary metabolite production) likely drive differences in microbial communities between morphs. The strong association of genotype and microbiome found here highlights the importance of genetic relatedness of hosts in determining variability in their bacterial symbionts.
Generalizations of $n$-Absorbing Ideals of Commutative Semirings

Let $R$ be a commutative semiring with nonzero identity and $\phi$ a function from $\mathscr{I}(R)$ into $\mathscr{I}(R) \cup \{\emptyset\}$ where $\mathscr{I} (R)$ is the set of ideals of $R$. Let $n$ be a positive integer. In this paper, we introduce the concept of $\phi$-$n$-absorbing ideals which are a generalization of $n$-absorbing ideals. A proper ideal $I$ of $R$ is called a $\phi$-$n$-absorbing ideal if whenever $x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{n+1} \in I-\phi(I)$ for $x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n+1} \in R$, then $x_{1}x_{2}\cdots x_{i-1}x_{i+1}\cdots x_{n+1}\in I$ for some $i \in \{1,2,\ldots,n+1\}$. A number of results concerning relationships between $\phi$-$n$-absorbing ideals and $n$-absorbing ideals as well as examples of $n$-absorbing ideals are given. Moreover, $\phi$-$n$-absorbing ideals of decomposable semirings, of quotient semirings and of semirings of fractions are investigated.
Quantum metrology with two-mode squeezed thermal state: Parity detection and phase sensitivity*

Based on the Wigner-function method, we investigate the parity detection and phase sensitivity in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with two-mode squeezed thermal state (TMSTS). Using the classical transformation relation of the MZI, we derive the input–output Wigner functions and then obtain the explicit expressions of parity and phase sensitivity. The results from the numerical calculation show that supersensitivity can be reached only if the input TMSTS have a large number photons.
On-orbit evaporative fraction estimations using a histogram-based triangle method from Terra MODIS

Abstract. A triangle method has been frequently used for a regional evapotranspiration (ET) or evaporative fraction (EF) estimation using the relationship between a vegetation index and surface temperature. A simple histogram based on an on-orbit EF estimation algorithm is developed to determine hot and cold edges in the triangle distribution using only remotely sensed data. A new histogram based on an EF estimation algorithm is developed and compared with different options of existing hot and cold edge algorithms. The selected algorithms are applied to 5-year Terra MODIS data products, and the on-orbit EF estimations are validated using ground truth data from southern Great Plains. Using numerous iterations among the tested EF algorithms with the triangle method, the “histogram”-based hot edge and newly proposed cold edge algorithm combinations provide an excellent performance between the ground truth and on-orbit EF estimations. It is shown that the histogram-based EF algorithm has enhanced correlation and mean bias values of 0.74 and 0.087, respectively, providing excellent accuracy for the regional on-orbit EF estimations.
Analysis Marital Quality and Parenting Style in Adolescence Marriage Family

Marriage during adolescence has an impact on the unpreparedness of families to carry out family duties and functions, including in building the quality of marriage and childcare. This study aims to analyze the quality of marriage and parenting styles in families who married in adolescence. This study used a phenomenological qualitative descriptive method using a purposive sampling technique. There were 3 participants in this study with criteria of mothers who married during adolescence and had children. This research was conducted in Purwakarta Regency in February-April 2022. Data collection techniques used observation, and semi-structured interviews with data analysis, reduction, and conclusion. The results showed that the quality of marriage in families who married in adolescence had low-quality marriages as indicated by poor communication between family members and low family economic conditions. In parenting styles, families generally adopt a permissive parenting style which is shown by giving warm affection to children but not accompanied by clear and consistent rules.
Overheating vulnerability assessment of energy retrofit actions in a multi-apartment building in Podgorica, Montenegro

The study aimed to assess the overheating vulnerability of an existing multi-apartment building built in 1971 in Podgorica, Montenegro. The building consists of 80 apartments and is mostly still in its original state. Firstly, the building was modelled in EneryPlus, and a parametric study was performed with jEPlus. The energy need for heating and cooling was simulated using parameters such as thermal insulation level, window properties, external surface solar absorptivity, shading activation set-point, and natural ventilation cooling intensity. Moreover, the energy need was determined for four different climate periods, namely for the current and three future periods up to the end of the 21st century under the RCP8.5 climate change scenario. The total number of building models equalled 648 for each of the four climate scenarios, resulting in 2,592 simulated cases. After that, the overheating vulnerability score was determined using the minimax regret method and cooling energy need as a performance indicator. The best retrofit action was determined by identifying the most favourable combination of the overheating vulnerability and total energy need. The results deliver the appropriate energy retrofit actions to limit the increase in overheating risk and provide for climate change adaptation of the multi-apartment building stock in Montenegro.
Compact OWC Receiver: Micro-Lens and PD Array on Glass Interposer

In this article, we propose a compact optical wireless receiver based on micro-lens and photodiode array flip-chipped on a glass interposer. With simulation models and experiments, we verify the performance of two optical wireless communication receivers assembled based on this structure with gigabit and high-speed photodiodes. First, co-integrated gigabit photodiodes and micro-lenses indicate that micro-lenses can deliver a 3.5 dB gain of light collection efficiency to the gigabit photodiode array while keeping the field of view larger than $\pm$18 degrees. Besides, a 5.5 Gbps maximum throughput has been verified by this optical wireless communication receiver with discrete multitone modulation. Moreover, co-integrated high-speed photodiodes and micro-lenses prove that micro-lenses realize a 26.6 dB improvement in light collection efficiency, enabling a 10 Gbps error-free connection using as little as −0.5 dBm transmission power. Those results conclude that the co-integration of micro-lenses on the photodiode array can enhance the light collection efficiency of the photodiode array while keeping a larger field of view, providing a high-performance, low-cost solution for the receiver of optical wireless links.
Non-model-based bioluminescence tomography using a machine-learning reconstruction strategy

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is an effective noninvasive molecular imaging modality for in vivo tumor research in small animals. However, the quality of BLT reconstruction is limited by the simplified linear model of photon propagation. Here, we proposed a multilayer perceptron-based inverse problem simulation (IPS) method to improve the quality of in vivo tumor BLT reconstruction. Instead of solving the inverse problem of the simplified linear model of photon propagation, the IPS method directly fits the nonlinear relationship between an object surface optical density and its internal bioluminescent source. Both simulation and orthotopic glioma BLT reconstruction experiments demonstrated that IPS greatly improved the reconstruction quality compared with the conventional approach.