Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formation of Transient Clusters on Nanoscopic Length Scales in a Simulated One-Component Supercooled Liquid

Dense liquids above their glass transition exhibit spatially heterogeneous dynamics in which regions within the liquid exhibit enhanced or diminished mobility relative to the average on some time scale. Substantial evidence suggests that these regions are confined to nanoscopic sizes at temperatures close to the mode coupling temperature T MCT, and reach well beyond the characteristic length scale over which the two-point static structure of the liquid is correlated. In this paper, we investigate the formation of clusters of mobile particles in a dynamically heterogeneous model liquid. We find that clusters are formed as a result of mobility propagation that begins from distributed locations confined within a nanoscopic local structure. This mobility is facilitated through the development of quasi-one dimensional string-like rearrangements within the nanoscopic region.
Sexual intercourse and angina pectoris.

SummaryThirty men and five women aged 36–70 years with angina were questioned about their sexual activity. Twenty-nine (83%) had intercourse more than once a week and six (17%) abstained. In 19 (65%) angina occurred during intercourse, and four also complained of palpitation. Fourteen patients underwent 24-hour ECG (electrocardiogram) tape-recordings before and after beta-blockade, and indicated the time of intercourse in diary cards. Tape analysis before beta-blockade revealed an average maximal 24-hour heart rate of 124.0 ± 7.2 beats/min, and 122.2 ± 7.1 beats/min during intercourse. Two patients complaining of palpitation during intercourse developed supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and two sinus tachycardia. Beta-blockade abolished the SVT and reduced the average maximal 24-hour heart rate to 82.1 ± 6.0 beats/min (P<0.001), and 82.0 ±2.8 beats/min during intercourse (P <0.001). After 6 months, the 19 patients previously symptomatic were pain-free during intercourse, though six also required prophyla.
Expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis biomarkers in pterygia and normal conjunctiva

Purpose To analyze the expression of apoptosis and cell proliferation molecules in pterygium tissues of Chinese patients. Methods Thirty-three pterygia were surgically removed using the bare sclera procedure, and 23 normal bulbar conjunctivas were also obtained. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry with anti- proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67 (a proliferating cell marker), mutant p53 (mP53), Bcl-2 associated X-protein (BAX), B-cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2), and caspase-3 antibodies. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) analysis was used to analyze the apoptotic cells. Results Our study revealed that the positive rate of PCNA and Ki-67 significantly increased in the pterygium samples compared to the normal conjunctiva samples. In the molecules involved in apoptosis, the results showed that the positive rate of Bcl-2 and mP53 significantly increased in the pterygium samples. However, no difference was found between the pterygium and normal conjunctiva samples in the expression of Bax and caspase-3. Through TUNEL analysis, apoptotic cells were seen in the entire width of the epithelial layer in normal conjunctivas but were found mainly confined to the outer layer of the epithelial cells in pterygia. Conclusions The finding of high levels of cellular proliferation and low levels of cellular apoptosis in pterygia confirmed that both cell apoptosis and proliferation are known to play an important role in human pterygium pathogenesis.
Monozygotic twins with chromosome 22q11 deletion and discordant phenotypes: updates with an epigenetic hypothesis

The completion of the human genome sequence affords novel approaches to studies on contiguous gene deletion syndromes. These syndromes are caused by a deletion and loss of one copy of a set of contiguous genes on a given chromosome. Here, the syndromic phenotypes are often attributed to haploinsufficiency of a number of deleted genes. One such syndrome deals with deletion of 22q11.2. It is the most common microdeletion syndrome with a frequency of 1:4000 live births.1 This high frequency has been attributed to low copy repeats (LCR) on chromosome 22,2 with most cases (85-90%) representing de novo mutations. Also, the critical common region is relatively large (>1.5-3.0 Mb), may involve >30 genes, and there is no evidence of any correlation between the size of the deletion and the observed syndromic phenotypes.3 In fact, the clinical phenotype of the 22q11 deletion syndrome is characterised by extensive variability.4 It includes velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), and associated physical, developmental, neurological, and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. This phenotypic variability associated with the 22q11 deletion is an exception to all the other contiguous gene syndromes. More puzzling are recent reports that monozygotic twins (p>0.99) with 22q11 deletions have discordant phenotypes. In this discussion we will review all published cases of monozygotic twins concordant for del 22q11 and assess phenotypic discordance/concordance between them. More important, we will discuss an epigenetic explanation for their discordance that is compatible with modern molecular understanding of the human genome, the sequence features of this region of chromosome 22, and the “second hit” hypothesis involving genetic and/or epigenetic somatic events. ### Twin pair 1 Twin pair 15 was born to a 32 year old mother of European ancestry, at a gestational age of 38 weeks, weighing 2200 g (twin 1) and 2800 g (twin 2), apparently from a single placenta. …
Is pulsar B0656+14 a very nearby RRAT source?

The recently discovered RRAT sources are characterized by very bright radio bursts which, while being periodically related, occur infrequently. We find bursts with the same characteristics for the known pulsar B0656+14. These bursts represent pulses from the bright end of an extended smooth pulse-energy distribution and are shown to be unlike giant pulses, giant micropulses or the pulses of normal pulsars. The extreme peak-fluxes of the brightest of these pulses indicates that PSR B0656+14, were it not so near, could only have been discovered as an RRAT source. Longer observations of the RRATs may reveal that they, like PSR B0656+14, emit weaker emission in addition to the bursts.
Xbase: implementing domain-specific languages for Java

Xtext is an open-source framework for implementing external, textual domain-specific languages (DSLs). So far, most DSLs implemented with Xtext and similar tools focus on structural aspects such as service specifications and entities. Because behavioral aspects are significantly more complicated to implement, they are often delegated to general-purpose programming languages. This approach introduces complex integration patterns and the DSL's high level of abstraction is compromised. We present Xbase as part of Xtext, an expression language that can be reused via language inheritance in any DSL implementation based on Xtext. Xbase expressions provide both control structures and program expressions in a uniform way. Xbase is statically typed and tightly integrated with the Java type system. Languages extending Xbase inherit the syntax of a Java-like expression language as well as language infrastructure components, including a parser, an unparser, a linker, a compiler and an interpreter. Furthermore, the framework provides integration into the Eclipse IDE including debug and refactoring support. The application of Xbase is presented by means of a domain model language which serves as a tutorial example and by the implementation of the programming language Xtend. Xtend is a functional and object-oriented general purpose language for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It is built on top of Xbase which is the reusable expression language that is the foundation of Xtend.
Blotch Removal for Archive Films

In this paper, a new two stage S-ROD detection scheme that takes local motion compensation into account and a novel pixel based correction method that determines the new values of the blotched pixels from spatio-temporal correlation considering edge priority are proposed. For the blotch detection process, initially a pre-detection is done using S-ROD with a low detection threshold. Secondly, S-ROD detection that employs pixel based motion compensation is utilized over the pre-detected blotch candidates. The new values of the blotched pixels that are detected using the two stages S-ROD are determined from spatio-temporal correlation considering edge priority. Objective and visual detection and correction results show that the proposed techniques provide high performance
Photorecording Polymeric Waveguide Film Based on 2,2-difluoro-4-(9-anthracyl)-6-methyl-1,3,2-dioksaborine for Photonics

In this paper the possibility of using the novel polymeric photosensitive medium for the fabrication of integrated optics elements was demonstrated. The medium is based on PMMA doped by beta-diketonatoboron difluorides. Planar and strip waveguides with the attenuation losses less than 1.8 dB/cm were fabricated in the layer of the medium. The photoinduced recording of the diffraction grating with the spatial frequency up to 3000 mm-1 and diffraction efficiency ~5% in such waveguides was demonstrated. The possibility to improve the diffraction efficiency of recorded gratings up to 51% by chemical treatment was demonstrated.
Towards a Formal Model for Functional Generative Description: Analysis by Reduction and Restarting Automata

Abstract F unctional G enerative D escription( FGD )isadependencybaseddescriptivesystem,whichhasbeenindevelopmentsincethe1960s,seeesp. Sgalletal. (1969). FGD wasoriginallyimplementedasagen-erativeprocedure,butlatelywehavebeeninterestedinadeclarativerepresentation. eobjectofthepresentpaperconcernsthefoundationsofareductionsystemwhichismorecomplexthanareductionsystemfora(shallow)syntacticanalyzer,sinceitprovidesnotonlythepossibilityofcheckingthewell-formednessofthe(surface)analysisofasentence,butitsunderlying(tectogrammaticalintermsof FGD )representationaswell. Suchareductionsystemmakesitpossibletodeﬁneformallytheanalysisaswellasthesynthesisofasentence. Weproposeanewformalframe,namelya4-levelreductionsystemfor FGD ,whichisbasedontheno-tionofsimplerestartingautomata,seeMesserschmidtetal. (2006). isnewapproachmirrorsstraight-forwardlytheso-called(multi-level)analysisbyreduction,animplicitmethodusedforlinguisticresearch–analysisbyreductionallowsforobtaining(surfaceand/ordeep)(in)dependenciesbythereductionsofCzechsentencesaswellasfordescribingproperlythecomplexwordorderofafreewordorderlanguage,seeLopatkova,Platek,andKuboň(2005).
Parametrical Tuning of Twisting Generators 1

Corresponding Author: Yulian A. Menyaev Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA Email: yamenyaev@uams.edu Abstract: Generators of uniformly distributed random numbers are broadly applied in simulations of stochastic processes that rely on normal and other distributions. In a point of fact, the uniform random numbers are actively used for applications that range from, modeling different phenomena such as theoretical mathematics and technical designing, to evidence-based medicine. This paper proposes a novel approach which consists of a combination of global twister with circular technique and initial congruential generation with complete stochastic sequences. It has been experimentally confirmed that for complete sequences this type of generation provides uniformity in distribution of random numbers. The offered program codes include the tuning methods for the generation technique where random numbers may take any bit length. Moreover, the automatic switching of generator parameters such as initial congruential constants depending on intervals for generated numbers is considered as well. Demonstrated results of testing confirm the uniformity of distribution without any repeated or skipped generated elements.
Multipath Energy-Aware Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we present an energy efficient, scalable, and distributed node disjoint multipath routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed algorithm, the multipath energy-aware routing protocol (MERP), adjusts traffic flows via a novel load balancing scheme. The MERP has a higher average node energy efficiency, lower control overhead, and a shorter average delay than those of well-known previous works. Moreover, since MERP takes into consideration network reliability, it is useful for delivering data in unreliable environments.
Early Mobilization and Rehabilitation in the ICU: Moving Back to the Future

Despite the historical precedent of mobilizing critically ill patients, bed rest is common practice in ICUs worldwide, especially for mechanically ventilated patients. ICU-acquired weakness is an increasingly recognized problem, with sequelae that may last for months and years following ICU discharge. The combination of critical illness and bed rest results in substantial muscle wasting during an ICU stay. When initiated shortly after the start of mechanical ventilation, mobilization and rehabilitation can play an important role in decreasing the duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay and improving patients' return to functional independence. This review summarizes recent evidence supporting the safety, feasibility, and benefits of early mobilization and rehabilitation of mechanically ventilated patients and presents a brief summary of future directions for this field.
Denoising for bio-image sequences via matrix decomposition

Calcium fluorescence imaging is a useful tool in life sciences for visualization of calcium signal in neuronal networks. During the imaging process, noise is inevitably introduced into the image sequences and affects their usefulness. Therefore, noise reduction is an important image processing task for such bio-images. In this paper, a scheme based on matrix decomposition is proposed to denoise this class of bio-image sequences by exploiting the data characteristics. Experimental results have validated the denoising scheme for the class of bio-image sequences.
A Virtualization Layer Approach to Survivability

Network virtualization facilitates sharing and efficient utilization of computing and bandwidth resources of an underlying substrate network. As network virtualization becomes popular, it is important to efficiently map a virtual infrastructure (VI) onto a substrate network, such that the survivability of the former can be guaranteed against failures in the latter. In this paper, we study a virtualization layer approach to survivability, whereby the virtualization layer customizes a VI request with redundant nodes and links according to its reliability requirements and then passes limited information about the augmented VI to the physical layer, where the mapping of the augmented VI takes place. More specifically, we develop a flexible scheme to enhance the original VI graph with K redundant nodes, in order to fight against an arbitrary substrate node failure. In addition, a scenario-based component group (SBCG) concept is proposed to describe resource sharing of enhanced VI requests at the physical layer. We also develop an efficient heuristic that takes advantage of the limited information on SBCG to reduce costs when mapping the enhanced VI to the substrate network. The efficiency of the proposed solution is compared using extensive simulation under various performance metrics. It is shown that the K-redundant-node scheme with SBCG information is more cost efficient than the existing 1-redundant-node solution.
Reciprocal excitation between biological and robotic research

While biological principles have inspired researchers in computational and engineering research for a long time, there is still rather limited knowledge flow back from computational to biological domains. This paper presents examples of our work where research on anthropomorphic robots lead us to new insights into explaining biological movement phenomena, starting from behavioral studies up to brain imaging studies. Our research over the past years has focused on principles of trajectory formation with nonlinear dynamical systems, on learning internal models for nonlinear control, and on advanced topics like imitation learning. The formal and empirical analyses of the kinematics and dynamics of movements systems and the tasks that they need to perform lead us to suggest principles of motor control that later on we found surprisingly related to human behavior and even brain activity.
A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Trial of Human Caloric Restriction: Feasibility and Effects on Predictors of Health Span and Longevity.

BACKGROUND Caloric restriction (CR), energy intake reduced below ad libitum (AL) intake, increases life span in many species. The implications for humans can be clarified by randomized controlled trials of CR. METHODS To determine CR's feasibility, safety, and effects on predictors of longevity, disease risk factors, and quality of life in nonobese humans aged 21-51 years, 218 persons were randomized to a 2-year intervention designed to achieve 25% CR or to AL diet. Outcomes were change from baseline resting metabolic rate adjusted for weight change ("RMR residual") and core temperature (primary); plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and tumor necrosis factor-α (secondary); and exploratory physiological and psychological measures. RESULTS Body mass index averaged 25.1 (range: 21.9-28.0 kg/m(2)). Eighty-two percent of CR and 95% of AL participants completed the protocol. The CR group achieved 11.7±0.7 %CR (mean ± standard error) and maintained 10.4±0.4% weight loss. Weight change in AL was negligible. RMR residual decreased significantly more in CR than AL at 12 months (p = .04) but not 24 months (M24). Core temperature change differed little between groups. T3 decreased more in CR at M12 and M24 (p < .001), while tumor necrosis factor-α decreased significantly more only at M24 (p = .02). CR had larger decreases in cardiometabolic risk factors and in daily energy expenditure adjusted for weight change, without adverse effects on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Sustained CR is feasible in nonobese humans. The effects of the achieved CR on correlates of human survival and disease risk factors suggest potential benefits for aging-related outcomes that could be elucidated by further human studies.
Mini-Sympoisum : Childhood asthma : The fuss and the future Personalized medicine in children with asthma

Personalized medicine in children with asthma Mariëlle W. Pijnenburg *, Stanley Szefler 2 1 Department of Paediatrics/ Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre – Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2 The Breathing Institute / Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Colorado; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora (CO), USA
Repetitive, episodic hypoxia causes diurnal elevation of blood pressure in rats.

An association between chronic high blood pressure and obstructive sleep apnea has been described. We hypothesized that repetitive episodic hypoxia patterned after the hypoxia seen in sleep apnea could contribute to diurnal elevation of blood pressure. Using 12-second infusions of nitrogen into daytime sleeping chambers, four groups of male rats (250-375 g) were subjected to intermittent hypoxia (3-5% nadir ambient oxygen) every 30 seconds, 7 hours per day for up to 35 days. In one group, blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method in conscious animals during 5 weeks of episodic hypoxia. In the other three groups, blood pressure was measured in conscious animals via femoral artery catheters at baseline and after 20, 30, or 35 days of exposure. Additional groups served as controls: two sham groups housed in identical "hypoxia" chambers received compressed air instead of nitrogen (35 days) while two other groups remained unhandled in their usual cages (35 days). Both groups challenged with 35 days episodic hypoxia showed significant increases in blood pressure compared with controls: the tail-cuff rats showed a 21 mm Hg increase in systolic pressure (p less than 0.05) and the intra-arterially measured rats a 13.7 mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05). The 30-day exposed rats also showed a 5.7 mm Hg increase in mean pressure over baseline (p less than 0.05). Blood pressure did not change significantly from baseline in the control groups. Left ventricle-to-body weight ratio was higher in both 35-day exposed groups than in unhandled or sham controls. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Voltage-gated transient currents in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. I. T-type Ca2+ current

The whole cell version of the patch clamp technique was used to identify and characterize voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in enzymatically dissociated bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells. The great majority of cells (84 of 86) expressed only low voltage-activated, rapidly inactivating Ca2+ current with properties of T-type Ca2+ current described in other cells. Voltage-dependent activation of this current was fit by a Boltzmann function raised to an integer power of 4 with a midpoint at -17 mV. Independent estimates of the single channel gating charge obtained from the activation curve and using the "limiting logarithmic potential sensitivity" were 8.1 and 6.8 elementary charges, respectively. Inactivation was a steep function of voltage with a v1/2 of -49.9 mV and a slope factor K of 3.73 mV. The expression of a single Ca2+ channel subtype by AZF cells allowed the voltage-dependent gating and kinetic properties of T current to be studied over a wide range of potentials. Analysis of the gating kinetics of this Ca2+ current indicate that T channel activation, inactivation, deactivation (closing), and reactivation (recovery from inactivation) each include voltage-independent transitions that become rate limiting at extreme voltages. Ca2+ current activated with voltage- dependent sigmoidal kinetics that were described by an m4 model. The activation time constant varied exponentially at test potentials between -30 and +10 mV, approaching a voltage-independent minimum of 1.6 ms. The inactivation time constant (tau i) also decreased exponentially to a minimum of 18.3 ms at potentials positive to 0 mV. T channel closing (deactivation) was faster at more negative voltages; the deactivation time constant (tau d) decreased from 8.14 +/- 0.7 to 0.48 +/- 0.1 ms at potentials between -40 and -150 mV. T channels inactivated by depolarization returned to the closed state along pathways that included two voltage-dependent time constants. tau rec-s ranged from 8.11 to 4.80 s when the recovery potential was varied from - 50 to -90 mV, while tau rec-f decreased from 1.01 to 0.372 s. At potentials negative to -70 mV, both time constants approached minimum values. The low voltage-activated Ca2+ current in AZF cells was blocked by the T channel selective antagonist Ni2+ with an IC50 of 20 microM. At similar concentrations, Ni2+ also blocked cortisol secretion stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone. Our results indicate that bovine AZF cells are distinctive among secretory cells in expressing primarily or exclusively T-type Ca2+ channels. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Multicore Construction of k-d Trees for High Dimensional Point Data

This paper presents the first parallelization of FLANN’s k-d tree for approximate nearest neighbor finding of high dimensional data. We propose a simple node-parallel strategy that acheives surprisingly scalable speedups on a range of inputs and hardware platforms. When combined with speedups from SIMD vectorization, our approach can achieve up to 91x total speedup over the existing FLANN implementation on a 32-core machine.