Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association between Weapon-Carrying and the Use of Violence among Adolescents Living in or around Public Housing.

Abstract The study examined social and psychological factors associated with the frequency of weapon-carrying by Black adolescents living in a community where there is extensive poverty and a high level of violent crime. Using a cross-sectional anonymous survey design adolescents (N=225; males=44%) ages 11 to 19 years living in or around nine HUD housing projects in Augusta, Georgia were administered an anonymous questionnaire. The dependent variables were the number of days that a weapon, such as a gun, knife, or club was carried in the previous 30 days and the frequency that a hidden weapon was carried in the last year. Carrying a weapon during the previous 30 days was significantly (p
When a face is (or is not) more than the sum of its features: Configural and analytic processes in facial temporal integration

To investigate temporal integration in face recognition, top and bottom halves of pictures of famous people were presented sequentially, either upright or inverted, with varying temporal intervals between the two halves. The inversion effect, a marker of configural processing, was comparable across 0–400 ms intervals, but decreased at intervals exceeding 400 ms (Exp. 1). When an interfering stimulus appeared during the interval between the two face parts (Exp. 2), it disrupted the integration of the parts but not their perception. This is the first report of such an effect. Thus, performance equalled the combined accuracy of each part when presented alone, which in turn was worse than when they were integrated. Our findings indicate that (a) configural processing of faces depends on integration of face parts that are maintained temporarily in a visual buffer; (b) without integration, identification depends on recognition of individual parts whose contributions are additive; and (c) an interfering visual stimulus can obstruct integration, but leaves perception of individual parts intact. The ability to integrate temporally separated face parts into a unified representation is discussed in light of theories of face perception and temporal integration.
Demographic and Intellectual Correlates of the Short-Term Memory Test

This study examined the effect of demographic variables and intellectual factors on the Short-term Memory Test. Subjects were 20 patients neurologically diagnosed as brain-damaged. There was only one significant correlation between Verbal IQ and the Short-term Memory Test. Demographic variables of age, education, and sex did not correlate significantly with scores of the Short-term Memory Test.
Regional Fertility Differences in Turkey: Persistent High Fertility in the Southeast

The purpose of this study is to investigate regional fertility differences in Turkey at a provincial level, with a particular focus on high fertility in the eastern and southeastern regions. Furthermore, the study discusses the reasons for fertility fluctuations in eight southeastern provinces over the past two decades. This study offers maps showing the total fertility rates of the provinces between 1980 and 2000, and probes the ways in which regional fertility differences have arisen. A multiple regression analysis is also carried out in order to explain determinants of high fertility in southeastern Turkey. The study relies on population statistics issued by the State Institute of Statistics as well as Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys. The findings of this study underline that ethnicity and cultural factors are definitive of high fertility in southeastern Turkey. The use of local languages and the dominance of traditional cultural norms in the undeveloped eastern and southeastern regions with a large Kurdish (and partially Arab) population have created linguistic and cultural barriers. Thereby, unlike other regions where Turkish is the dominant language, the eastern and southeastern regions have mainly fallen outside the social interaction process that secures the adoption by individuals of modern reproductive behaviour, and these regions have persistently maintained a high level of fertility. Recent fertility fluctuations in eight provinces of southeastern Turkey are largely a consequence of the population's reduced access to family planning services due to the conflict between Turkish security forces and separatist Kurdish groups in the region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness

Investigates the processes in organizations that underlie the liability of newness--i.e., the higher propensity of younger organizations to die. Whether the liability of newness is due primarily to external factors or internal processes is examined by analyzing the event histories of organizational death. The theoretical arguments underlying this study are developed using data gathered from 389 voluntary social service organizations that came into existence in Toronto, Canada during 1970 to 1980; activity data was gathered through 1982. Results suggest that the acquisition of external legitimacy, including the establishment of supportive exchange relationships with external stakeholders, is related to a significant reduction in the hazard of death. In addition, it is shown that organizations that are not externally legitimated have either a constant hazard of death that does not decline with firm age or an increasing probability. Finally, it is demonstrated that most internal organizational changes are unrelated to the death rate. (SFL)
Broadcast channel with degraded source random variables and receiver side information

The problem of sending a pair of correlated sources through a broadcast channel with correlated side information at the receivers is studied from a joint source-channel coding perspective. Sufficient and necessary conditions are provided for reliable transmission. The two conditions are identical except for the left-hand side of one of three inequalities. For two special cases the problem is solved completely: when one side information is a function of the sources, and when a certain Markov property is satisfied on the sources and side information.
The additional benefit of extending an antidepressant trial past seven weeks in the depressed elderly

Thirty‐three elderly depressed patients who had not responded to either phenelzine or nortriptyline after seven weeks of treatment were given an additional two weeks of treatment. Nearly half of these patients responded during this grace period and the overall response rate increased from 54.0% to 70.0%. Patients on phenelzine did particularly well with the extended trial. The authors conclude that for elderly patients, an antidepressant trial of at least two months may be necessary for optimal response.
Intersectional Bullying, LGBT Youth and the Construction of Power

This paper explores the impact of intersectional bullying of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) youth from a multi-layered experience perspective within bullying incidents at school. Present inclusionary measures at school may not be designed as a continuous process of finding better methods for responding to diversity, rather remain ‘fixed’ as singular solutions applied universally. This paper argues recognizing education through a lens of inclusion begins to realize most educational systems are poorly equipped to handle diversity. Keywords—Education, inclusion and exclusion, bullying, intersectional bullying, LGBT, power paradigms.
Between the Paternalistic and the Neoliberal State

The sugarcane agro-industry and large-scale mining have generated a profound change in traditional economic practices in the upper Cauca of Colombia to the detriment of the small-scale farmers and miners of the local Afro-descendant population. This has been accompanied by a consolidation of the centralized state since the neoliberal opening and a weakening of the old regional state supported by the paternalistic structure of the agricultural elites. Participative research with two community organizations with regard to the dispute over access to land and environmental assets reveals that the communities and their social organizations have responded to their racialized impoverishment by mobilization and the creation of alliances not only as a means of resistance but also as a strategy for the construction of their own alternative life plans. La agroindustria de caña de azúcar y la minería a gran escala han generado un cambio profundo en las prácticas económicas tradicionales en el Cauca Alto de Colombia, en de-trimento los agricultores y los mineros de pequeña escala de la población afrodescendiente locales. Esto ha sido acompañado por una consolidación del Estado centralizado desde la apertura neoliberal y un debilitamiento del viejo Estado regional apoyado por la estructura paternalista de las elites agrícolas. La investigación participativa con dos organizaciones de la comunidad con respecto a la disputa sobre el acceso a la tierra y los bienes medioambientales revela que las comunidades y sus organizaciones sociales han respondido a su empobrecimiento racializado por la movilización y la creación de alianzas, no sólo como medio de resistencia, pero también como una estrategia para la construcción de sus propios proyectos de vida alternativos.
CD 24 Expression Is a New Prognostic Marker in Breast Cancer

Purpose: CD24 is expressed in hematological malignancies as well as in a large variety of solid tumors including breast cancer. We aimed to evaluate CD24 protein expression in breast cancer and to correlate to clinicopathological data including patient survival. Experimental Design: Primary breast carcinomas (201) with a mean clinical follow-up time of 53 months were immunostained using a monoclonal CD24 antibody (Ab-2, clone 24C02). The staining was evaluated as negative versus positive for statistical analysis. Results: In invasive breast carcinomas, CD24 expression was observed in 84.6% of cases. In univariate survival analyses, a significant association of CD24 expression with shortened patient overall survival (5-year survival rate 91.9% versus 83.8%; P 0.031; log rank test) and diseasefree survival (5-year progression rate 88.3% versus 57.0%; P 0.0008) was demonstrated. In multivariate analyses CD24, tumor grading and nodal status were significant prognostic parameters for shortened disease-free survival. Conclusions: Our data suggest that CD24 expression in primary breast cancer as detected by immunohistochemistry might be a new marker for a more aggressive breast cancer biology.
Selected Hematologic Values of Farmed Ostriches (Struthio Camelus) in Botswana

Red blood cell count (31012/liter) Hemoglobin (g/dl) Packed cell volume (%) Mean corpuscular volume (fl) Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) Mean hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) Total leukocyte count (3109/liter) Heterophil (H) (%) Lymphocyte (L) (%) H/L ratio Eosinophils (%) Monocytes (%) Basophils (%) Thrombocyte count (3109/liter) 2.1 6 0.2 16.68 6 0.93 43.25 6 1.9 205.95 6 15.0 79.42 6 12 38.56 6 2.0 5.0 6 1.8 60 6 2.1 32 6 2.0 1:2 1 6 0.2 1 6 0.5 6 6 1.4 0.2 1.8 6 0.2 10.9 6 1.2* 36 6 1.2* 200 6 18.0 60.56 6 5.0* 30.28 6 1.5* 3.8 6 1.7 62 6 1.2 29 6 1.6 . 1 6 0.2 1 6 0.6 7 6 1.4 0.2
Attendance and exam performance at university: a case study

The link between absenteeism and students’ academic performance at university is perpetually a hot topic for teaching academics. Most studies suggest the effect is negative, although the strength of this effect is in dispute. The issue is complicated further when researchers draw their inferences from different angles, such as the removal of a mandatory attendance policy or the implementation of a module‐specific attendance policy. Although previous studies have suggested the effect on exam performance of removing a mandatory attendance policy is weak, this study investigates the effect of implementing a module‐specific attendance policy and finds a strong effect on exam performance. We also identify that student‐specific factors are important, including revision strategies and peer‐group effects and that not taking account of these factors will result in biased estimates of the effect of an attendance policy on exam performance. Furthermore, this paper suggests that the effect of absenteeism on exam performance is non‐linear and further research is needed to identify when attendance policy is a justifiable tool.
Age’s Differences at Bullying’s Acts in School Age

It’s is ascertained that the phenomenon of bullying is increased recently in the 9-year schools and in the high schools of the city of Elbasan. The main focus of this scientific article is the frequency’s evidence of the occurrence of the phenomenon of bullying in different school ages in two 9-year schools in the city of Elbasan. The main scientific methods applied in this study are survey and observation. The data are statistically analysed. From this scientific research is concluded that bullying’s acts (experiences as bullies and victims) get reduced in schools with students in older age and also it occurs an increase of prosocial behavior. The occourrence’s frequency of bullying’s acts increases starting in the early years of the 9-year school (10-15 years old). Starting from high schools with the increasing of the age, get reduced the number of bullies and victims of bullying’s acts. So starting from age 15-16 years old, bullying’s act in schools get reduced. Transition periods (such as the enrollment, school changes, etc.) are particularly important because they often have the consequence of increasing the problem of bullying’s acts. Physical bullying is mostly related to age. The more children grow, they use less direct and physical forms of bullying. With the age increase the most frequently used forms of bullying are the the verbal and relational bullying. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013. v4n9p220
“Balancing acts'': Elementary school girls' negotiations of femininity, achievement, and science

There is international concern over persistent low rates of participation in postcompulsory science—especially the physical sciences—within which there is a notable underrepresentation of girls/women. This paper draws on data collected from a survey of more than 9,000 10/11-year-old pupils and 170 interviews (with 92 children and 78 parents) from a 5-year study of children's science aspirations and career choice in England, to explore how gender interacts with girls' science aspirations. The research found that even though most children aged 10/11 years enjoy science, the majority already see science careers as “not for me. ” Using a feminist poststructuralist theoretical lens, this paper explores the identity work undertaken by the minority of girls who do identify with science and who express science aspirations at this age. It is argued that dominant associations of science with “cleverness” and masculinity pressurize girls to balance their science aspirations with performances of popular heterofemininity to render them “thinkable” (and that this occurs only within narrow parameters, through identity performances as either “feminine scientists” or “bluestocking scientists”). The paper concludes by discussing potential challenges girls may face in sustaining “thinkable” identifications with science and wider implications for encouraging greater female participation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96: 967–989, 2012
Reconciling stakeholder interests in police complaints and discipline systems

This article summarizes surveys of three key stakeholder groups in the police complaints and discipline process: the public, complainants and police. In general, public and complainant surveys showed strong support for independent processing of complaints. Complainants were generally deeply dissatisfied with police-dominated and mixed (police/independent) systems. Police experiences and views regarding complaints systems were divergent, but with high levels of satisfaction where they experienced independent processing. Overall, it appears that a much greater role for an independent agency can be managed in a way that substantially satisfies all three groups, especially with the inclusion of informal resolution and mediation options.
How Undergraduate Loan Debt Affects Application and Enrollment in Graduate or First Professional School

This study uses the Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Study 1993/94 of the National Center for Education Statistics to examine the relationship that student background characteristics, collegiate performance, and financial indebtedness have with the decisions of recent bachelor's degree recipients to apply to and enroll in a graduate or first professional school.
Customers & Markets: The Cuss Words of Academe.

customers. " As you listen, you can sense the hair rising on the backs of professorial necks. During the coffee break following one such presen1 1 tation, I overheard two professors conducting a postmortem. To view students as customers, one argued, leads inevitably to pandering. Students don't know what they don't know. That's the teacher's job to guide them. All this talk about being responsive to the market, the other suggested, is about economics pure and simple. It has little to do with education. "The market," he said, paraphrasing Charles Dickens' famous observation about the law, "is an ass. " It was, frankly, a troubling conversation one I've thought about many times since. I don't lack some sympathy for the views of these colleagues. A nostalgic part of me wants the campus to be a cloistered walk, a retreat from the market's incessant clamor. Students should
On 3D DDFV discretization of gradient and divergence operators. I. Meshing, operators and discrete duality.

This work is intended to provide a convenient tool for the mathematical analysis of a particular kind of finite volume approximation which can be used, for instance, in the context of nonlinear and/or anisotropic diffusion operators in 3D. Following the approach developed by F. Hermeline and by K. ~Domelevo and P. Omnes in 2D, we consider a ``double'' covering $\Tau$ of a three-dimensional domain by a rather general primal mesh and by a well-chosen ``dual'' mesh. The associated discrete divergence operator $\div^{\ptTau}$ is obtained by the standard finite volume approach. A simple and consistent discrete gradient operator $\grad^\ptTau$ is defined by local affine interpolation that takes into account the geometry of the double mesh. Under mild geometrical constraints on the choice of the dual volumes, we show that $-\div^{\ptTau}$, $\grad^\ptTau$ are linked by the ``discrete duality property'', which is an analogue of the integration-by-parts formula. The primal mesh need not be conformal, and its interfaces can be general polygons. We give several numerical examples for anisotropic linear diffusion problems; good convergence properties are observed. The sequel [3] of this paper will summarize some key discrete functional analysis tools for DDFV schemes and give applications to proving convergence of DDFV schemes for several nonlinear degenerate parabolic PDEs.
New techniques for assessing audio and video quality in real-time interactive communications

The aim of the tutorial is to introduce participants to new methods for establishing audiovisual quality requirements for a range of realtime multimedia applications. Until recently, there were few HCI-specific methods for assessing audio and video quality and the usability of videoconferencing systems. The tutorial will survey methods commonly used in the telecommunications industry, and explain why these are usually not suitable for assessing usability of audio and video. The main part of the tutorial consists of description and demonstration of a range of new assessment methods that have been developed in research contexts over the past few years, and a discussion of their suitability for use in different evaluation contexts. As well as methods for measuring task performance and user satisfaction, we will cover innovative approaches to assessing the impact on user behaviour and user cost such as eye-tracking and physiological responses and the way in which users communicate with each other.
Transactional Mobility in Distributed Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems

This paper formalizes transactional properties for publish/subscribe client mobility and develops protocols to realize them. Evaluations show that compared to traditional protocols, those developed in this paper, in addition to supporting transactional properties, are more stable with respect to message and processing overheads. Changes in factors such as the number of moving clients have little impact, making the protocols more scalable and simpler to administer due to predictable resource requirements.
Evaluating the Contributions of Individual Variables to a Quadratic Form

Quadratic forms capture multivariate information in a single number, making them useful, for example, in hypothesis testing. When a quadratic form is large and hence interesting, it might be informative to partition the quadratic form into contributions of individual variables. In this paper it is argued that meaningful partitions can be formed, though the precise partition that is determined will depend on the criterion used to select it. An intuitively reasonable criterion is proposed and the partition to which it leads is determined. The partition is based on a transformation that maximises the sum of the correlations between individual variables and the variables to which they transform under a constraint. Properties of the partition, including optimality properties, are examined. The contributions of individual variables to a quadratic form are less clear‐cut when variables are collinear, and forming new variables through rotation can lead to greater transparency. The transformation is adapted so that it has an invariance property under such rotation, whereby the assessed contributions are unchanged for variables that the rotation does not affect directly. Application of the partition to Hotelling's one‐ and two‐sample test statistics, Mahalanobis distance and discriminant analysis is described and illustrated through examples. It is shown that bootstrap confidence intervals for the contributions of individual variables to a partition are readily obtained.
Studying traffic conditions by analyzing foursquare and instagram data

Traffic jam is a contemporary society problem in urban areas. There are specific sources of information about traffic conditions in the Web, such as Bing Maps. This system presents real-time information about the traffic conditions (e.g., free or congested). Recently, participatory sensing systems, such as Foursquare and Instagram, are becoming very popular. Data shared in these systems have the active participation of users using their portable devices ubiquitously. In this case, these systems can be seen as a kind of sensor network, where users can be considered a social sensor, because the data shared by them are associated with their habits and routines. Thus, can we use data from social sensors, specifically from Foursquare and Instagram, to better understand traffic conditions? This paper shows that data from social sensors and traffic conditions, provided by Bing Maps, are surprisingly very correlated. The social data distribution is equal to the traffic condition distribution, shifted by an offset that can be easily calculated. This information can be extremely valuable, for example, to build more efficient traffic condition predictors.