Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ascribing Proto-Intentions: Action Understanding as Minimal Mindreading

: How do we understand other individuals’ actions? Answers to this question cluster around two extremes: either by ascribing to the observed individual mental states such as intentions, or without ascribing any mental states. Thus, action understanding is either full-blown mindreading, or not mindreading. An intermediate option is lacking, but would be desirable for interpreting some experimental findings. I provide this intermediate option: actions may be understood by ascribing to the observed individual proto-intentions . Unlike intentions, proto-intentions are subject to context-bound normative constraints, therefore being more widely available across development. Action understanding, when it consists in proto-intention ascription, can be a minimal form of mindreading.
Professional Conduct Reforms and Service Delivery by Kenya Police Service in Homa Bay County, Kenya

- Unmet demands and expectations and poor service delivery in public entities, has pushed people to demand for reforms for improvement of service delivery by the Kenya police service. Thus, the study sought to assess the effect of professional conduct reforms on service delivery by the Kenya police service in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The study was anchored on core competence theory and adopted the cross-sectional research design. The target population was the 29 police stations in Homa Bay County and 77 police officers from different ranks. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected and analyzed through descriptive, correlation, regression and content analysis. Findings from descriptive analysis showed high scores for professional conduct reforms (M=3.84) and service delivery (M=4.065) an indication that respondents agreed to the association between the two variables. The correlation analysis results revealed positive and significant effects professional conduct reforms of (R =.755) to service delivery. Regression analysis revealed that professional conduct reforms had a strong effect to service delivery (β = 4.108). The study also found that 74.9% service delivery of the police officers in Homa Bay County was due to adopting professional conduct reforms. Based on these findings, the study concluded that improved service delivery was due to implementation of professional conduct reforms. The study recommends inclusion of all police officers, the general public and local communities in police reforms for enhanced quality service delivery.
Devising a method for segmenting images acquired from space optical and electronic observation systems based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm

The object of this study is the process of segmentation of images acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems. The method to segment images from space optoelectronic surveillance systems based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm involves determining the threshold level; unlike the known ones, the following is carried out in it: – preliminary selection of red-green-blue color space brightness channels in the original image; – calculation of the maximum distance of movement of agents in the image in each brightness channel; – calculation of the values that determine the movement of agents in the image in each brightness channel; – determining the position of agents in the image using trigonometric functions of the sine and cosine in each brightness channel. An experimental study into segmenting images acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm was carried out. It was found that the improved method of image segmentation based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm makes it possible to segment the images. In this case, objects of interest, snow-covered objects of interest, background objects, and undefined areas of the image (anomalous areas) are identified. The quality of image segmentation was assessed using the Sine-Cosine algorithm-based method. It was found that the improved segmentation method based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm reduces the segmentation error of the first kind by an average of 21 % and the segmentation error of the first kind by an average of 17 %. Methods of image segmentation can be implemented in software and hardware systems that process images acquired from space optoelectronic surveillance systems. Further studies may involve comparing the quality of segmentation by the method based on the Sine-Cosine algorithm with segmentation methods based on evolutionary algorithms (for example, genetic ones).
A Joint Controlling Multiple Sensitive Groups

In real-world applications, various sensitive attributes, such as gender, race, and age, are often implicitly related to model outputs. Since the experiments in our main paper have only focused on considering one sensitive group to compress the original models, in this section, we further evaluate the performance of pruned networks by controlling for multiple sensitive attributes jointly. Table 1 shows the accuracy and bias on FairFace and UTKFace in three different tasks, including gender, race, and gender-race classification. Each genderrace group is one combination of different genders and races, for example, White females and Black males. We measure the overall accuracy as well as groupwise biases. Note that we use the same compressed model by using both gender and race as the sensitive groups for all three tasks instead of using a particular sensitive group to prune the networks for each task. Compared with experiments where genders and races are considered separate sensitive groups, all methods have a slightly higher bias and lower accuracy. We find that FairGRAPE remains the one with the lowest bias and highest accuracy, confirming its ability to maintain fairness for different intersections of sensitive groups when multiple groups are present. This result suggests that controlling multiple sensitive groups for pruning can be beneficial as the compressed model can be applied to different downstream tasks instead of controlling one sensitive group for each task.
Hierarchical reference theory of critical fluids in disordered porous media

We consider the equilibrium behaviour of fluids imbibed in disordered mesoporous media, including their gas–liquid critical point when present. Our starting points are on the one hand a description of the fluid/solid-matrix system as a quenched-annealed mixture and on the other hand the Hierarchical Reference Theory (HRT) developed by A. Parola and L. Reatto to cope with density fluctuations on all length scales. The formalism combines liquid-state statistical mechanics and the theory of systems in the presence of quenched disorder. A straightforward implementation of the HRT to the quenched-annealed mixture is shown to lead to unsatisfactory results, while indicating that the critical behaviour of the system is in the same universality class as that of the random-field Ising model. After a detour via the field-theoretical renormalization group approach of the latter model, we finally lay out the foundations for a proper HRT of fluids in a disordered porous material.
Stabilizing the Conditional Adversarial Network by Decoupled Learning

Incorporates encoding-decoding nets with adversarial nets has been widely applied in image generation tasks. During training, the gradient from reconstruction and adversarial losses are both imposed on the generator/decoder, which may causes instability except carefully selecting an appropriate weighting factor between the two losses like existing works. In this paper, we propose a novel structure decoupled learning , where the reconstruction and adversarial losses are backpropagated to separate networks (i.e., the encoding-decoding net and the adversarial net, respectively), thus effectively tackles the instability problem caused by their interaction. The essential beneﬁt is that there is no need to introduce the weighting factor between the two losses, alleviating from manual parameter adjustment while largely improving the generalization capacity of the designed model to different applications. We design a new evaluation metric, normalized relative discriminative score (NRDS), that assesses the relative quality of the generated images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed decoupled learning effectively enhances the stability and achieves competitive performance in multiple image generation tasks without the need of weight adjustment.
On the K-theory stable bases of the Springer resolution

Cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases originated from the study of quantum cohomology and quantum K-theory. Restriction formula for cohomological stable bases played an important role in computing the quantum connection of cotangent bundle of partial flag varieties. In this paper we study the K-theoretic stable bases of cotangent bundles of flag varieties. We describe these bases in terms of the action of the affine Hecke algebra and the twisted group algebra of Kostant-Kumar. Using this algebraic description and the method of root polynomials, we give a restriction formula of the stable bases. We apply it to obtain the restriction formula for partial flag varieties. We also build a relation between the stable basis and the Casselman basis in the principal series representations of the Langlands dual group. As an application, we give a closed formula for the transition matrix between Casselman basis and the characteristic functions.
Bacterial Communities in Various Parts of Air-Conditioning Units in 17 Japanese Houses

HVAC systems have a significant impact on the indoor environment, and microbial contamination in HVAC systems has a significant effect on the indoor air quality. In this study, to gain a better understanding of the microbial contamination inside ACs, we used NGS to analyze the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria adhering to AC filters, cooling coils, fans, and air outlet surfaces. The five phyla in terms of the highest relative abundance were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The surface of an AC filter provides a history of indoor airborne bacterial contamination, and of the 10 bacterial genera we detected with the highest abundance (in the following order: Pseudomonas > Staphylococcus > Paracoccus > Corynebacterium > Acinetobacter > Streptococcus > Methylobacterium > Enhydrobacter > Sphingomonas > Actinotignum) on the filter surface, the top 6 genera were Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, the seventh-most abundant genus adhering to the filter surface (Methylobacterium) was the second-most abundant genus on the cooling coil and fan, and the ninth-most abundant genus on the air filter (Sphingomonas) was the third-most abundant genus on the cooling coil. Various factors impact the bacterial flora inside AC units, including the location of the house, AC unit usage, and occupant activity.
Analysis of Force Sensor Using Polymer Optical Fiber Based on Twisting Structure

This article highlights an intensity variation-based force sensor for polymer optical fiber (POF) that relies on the twisting structure. The sensing phenomena of the sensor rely on cladding mode frustrated total internal reflection (CMFTIR). A portion of two POFs is twisted in the middle where the light source is connected with illuminating fiber, and the power meter is connected with the forward end of the second fiber. Thus, the force measurement is taken from the second fiber by observing the variation of coupled intensity in which the applied force is up to 0–20 N. The sensor is analyzed on straight fiber, twisted fiber with bend, and without bend (considering the sensor’s sensitivity). The experimental results show that the sensor has higher sensitivity in the twisted with-bend structure, and the bending radius also affects the sensor sensitivity. Moreover, a multipoint and multiaxis force sensor is also presented. The POF is twisted up to 100 cm for multipoint sensing, and force is applied at five different points, whereas the cascading scheme is adopted for multiaxis to achieve the individual response of each axis. This study provides an alternative way to measure force based on intensity changes and has an additional advantage of being cheaper than fiber Bragg gratings and other systems.
PRECISE IDENTIFICATIONS OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES: MEASURING THE HISTORY OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING GALAXIES TO z > 5,,

We carried out extremely sensitive Submillimeter Array (SMA) 340 GHz (860 μm) continuum imaging of a complete sample of SCUBA 850 μm sources (>4σ) with fluxes >3 mJy in the GOODS-N. Using these data and new SCUBA-2 data, we do not detect 4 of the 16 SCUBA sources, and we rule out the original SCUBA fluxes at the 4σ level. Three more resolve into multiple fainter SMA galaxies, suggesting that our understanding of the most luminous high-redshift dusty galaxies may not be as reliable as we thought. 10 of the 16 independent SMA sources have spectroscopic redshifts (optical/infrared or CO) up to z = 5.18. Using a new, ultradeep 20 cm image obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (rms of 2.5 μJy), we find that all 16 of the SMA sources are detected at >5σ. Using Herschel far-infrared (FIR) data, we show that the five isolated SMA sources with Herschel detections are well described by an Arp 220 spectral energy distribution template in the FIR. They also closely obey the local FIR–radio correlation, a result that does not suffer from a radio bias. We compute the contribution from the 16 SMA sources to the universal star formation rate (SFR) per comoving volume. With individual SFRs in the range 700–5000 M☉ yr−1, they contribute ∼30% of the extinction-corrected ultraviolet-selected SFR density from z = 1 to at least z = 5. Star formation histories determined from extinction-corrected ultraviolet populations and from submillimeter galaxy populations only partially overlap, due to the extreme ultraviolet faintness of some submillimeter galaxies.
Supporting Dynamic Secure Interdomain Routing

Path aware networking (PAN) is an approach that allows endpoints to participate in the end-to-end path selection, letting them choose paths best suited for each application. This approach offers numerous potential benefits including rapid fail-over, concurrent use of parallel paths, and QoS enabled networks, even spanning multiple domains. The dynamic interconnection of different autonomous systems (ASes) in path aware networks offers both challenges and opportunities for network service providers, which in turn provide opportunities for traffic engineering previously not possible. The SCION path-aware network architecture has been designed from the ground up with security in mind, and features a trust structure that can serve as a basis for more dynamic interconnection between ASes. In this paper, we describe a prototype spot market that lets the ASes sell time-limited excess capacity, allowing buyers to divert traffic to cheaper alternatives temporarily. We believe this market allows for new opportunities both in traffic engineering and inter-domain connectivity that have not existed before. The market benefits all parties involved, as the formerly wasted bandwidth is now used, and provides additional revenue—in varying degrees—to all the participating entities.
Anomalies in the entanglement properties of the square-lattice Heisenberg model

Physics Department, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616(Dated: July 15, 2011)We compute the bipartite entanglement properties of the spin-half square-lattice Heisenberg modelby a variety of numerical techniques that include valence bond quantum Monte Carlo (QMC),stochastic series expansion QMC, high temperature series expansions and zero temperature couplingconstant expansions around the Ising limit. We ﬁnd that the area law is always satisﬁed, but inaddition to the entanglement entropy per unit boundary length, there are other terms that dependlogarithmically on the subregion size, arising from broken symmetry in the bulk and from theexistence of corners at the boundary. We ﬁnd that the numerical results are anomalous in severalways. First, the bulk term arising from broken symmetry deviates from an exact calculation that canbe done for a mean-ﬁeld N´eel state. Second, the corner logs do not agree with the known results fornon-interacting Boson modes. And, third, even the ﬁnite temperature mutual information shows ananomalous behavior as T goes to zero, suggesting that T → 0 and L → ∞ limits do not commute.These calculations show that entanglement entropy demonstrates a very rich behavior in d > 1,which deserves further attention.I. INTRODUCTION
Architectural Space Interior Optimization Design System Based on Interactive Genetic Algorithm

With the development of the times, the functional space and indoor environment of indoor architectural spaces are constantly changing to meet the needs of modern people. According to the living needs of modern people, the interior space is optimized without changing the plane shape and retaining the traditional appearance, making the optimized interior layout easier after resetting. This paper constructs an architectural space interior design system based on the characteristics of the interior space design system, uses an interactive genetic algorithm to optimize the system, and conducts architectural exterior window design and architectural shape design for the natural lighting performance of the office building. It is found that the optimization of the office when building indoor spaces, architects need to adopt reasonable window sill heights, window widths, and building floor heights to optimize indoor lighting performance.
How often is a random quantum state k-entangled?

The set of trace-preserving, positive maps acting on density matrices of size d forms a convex body. We investigate its nested subsets consisting of k-positive maps, where k = 2, …, d. Working with the measure induced by the Hilbert–Schmidt distance we derive asymptotically tight bounds for the volumes of these sets. Our results strongly suggest that the inner set of (k + 1) -positive maps forms a small fraction of the outer set of k-positive maps. These results are related to analogous bounds for the relative volume of the sets of k-entangled states describing a bipartite d × d system.
Thermodynamical interpretation of the geometrical variables associated with null surfaces

The emergent gravity paradigm interprets gravitational field equations as describing the thermodynamic limit of the underlying statistical mechanics of microscopic degrees of freedom of the spacetime. The connection is established by attributing a heat density Ts to the null surfaces where T is the appropriate Davies-Unruh temperature and s is the entropy density. The field equations can be obtained from a thermodynamic variational principle which extremises the total heat density of all null surfaces. The explicit form of s determines the nature of the theory. We explore the consequences of this paradigm for an arbitrary null surface and highlight the thermodynamic significance of various geometrical quantities. In particular, we show that: (a) A conserved current, associated with the time development vector in a natural fashion, has direct thermodynamic interpretation in all Lanczos-Lovelock models of gravity. (b) One can generalize the notion of gravitational momentum, introduced in arXiv 1506.03814 to all Lanczos-Lovelock models of gravity such that the conservation of the total momentum leads to the relevant field equations. (c) The thermodynamic variational principle which leads to the field equations of gravity can also be expressed in terms of the gravitational momentum in all Lanczos-Lovelock models. (d) Three different projections of gravitational momentum related to an arbitrary null surface in the spacetime lead to three different equations, all of which have thermodynamic interpretation. The first one reduces to a Navier-Stokes equation for the transverse drift velocity. The second can be written as a thermodynamic identity TdS = dE + PdV . The third describes the time evolution of the null surface in terms of suitably defined surface and bulk degrees of freedom. The implications are discussed.
Multidimensional Iterative Filtering method for the decomposition of high-dimensional non-stationary signals

Iterative Filtering (IF) is an alternative technique to the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm for the decomposition of non-stationary and non-linear signals. Recently in [1] IF has been proved to be convergent for any $L^2$ signal and its stability has been also showed through examples. Furthermore in [1] the so called Fokker-Planck (FP) filters have been introduced. They are smooth at every point and have compact supports. Based on those results, in this paper we introduce the Multidimensional Iterative Filtering (MIF) technique for the decomposition and time-frequency analysis of non-stationary high-dimensional signals. And we present the extension of FP filters to higher dimensions. We illustrate the promising performance of MIF algorithm, equipped with high-dimensional FP filters, when applied to the decomposition of 2D signals. [1] A. Cicone, J. Liu, and H. Zhou, Adaptive local iterative filtering for signal decomposition and instantaneous frequency analysis, arXiv:1411.6051, 2014.
Hausdorff spectrum of harmonic measure

For every non-elementary hyperbolic group, we show that for every random walk with finitely supported admissible step distribution, the associated entropy equals the drift times the logarithmic volume growth if and only if the corresponding harmonic measure is comparable with Hausdorff measure on the boundary. Moreover, we introduce one parameter family of probability measures which interpolates a Patterson–Sullivan measure and the harmonic measure, and establish a formula of Hausdorff spectrum (multifractal spectrum) of the harmonic measure. We also give some finitary versions of dimensional properties of the harmonic measure.
Topologically twisted N = (2, 2) supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory on an arbitrary discretized Riemann surface

We define supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary two-dimensional lattice (polygon decomposition) with preserving one supercharge. When a smooth Riemann surface Σg with genus g emerges as an appropriate continuum limit of the generic lattice, the discretized theory becomes topologically twisted N = (2, 2) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on Σg. If we adopt the usual square lattice as a special case of the discretization, our formulation is identical with Sugino’s lattice model. Although the tuning of parameters is generally required while taking the continuum limit, the number of the necessary parameters is at most two because of the gauge symmetry and the supersymmetry. In particular, we do not need any fine-tuning if we arrange the theory so as to possess an extra global U(1) symmetry (U(1)R symmetry) which rotates the scalar fields.