Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical length distribution among Brazilian pregnant population and risk factors for short cervix: A multicenter cross-sectional study

Objective Since there are populational differences and risk factors that influence the cervical length, the aim of the study was to construct a populational curve with measurements of the uterine cervix of pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy and to evaluate which variables were related to cervical length (CL) ≤25 mm. Materials and methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study performed at 17 hospitals in several regions of Brazil. From 2015 to 2019, transvaginal ultrasound scan was performed in women with singleton pregnancies at 18 0/7 to 22 6/7 weeks of gestation to measure the CL. We analyzed CL regarding its distribution and the risk factors for CL ≤25 mm using logistic regression. Results The percentage of CL ≤ 25mm was 6.67%. Shorter cervices, when measured using both straight and curve techniques, showed similar results: range 21.0–25.0 mm in straight versus 22.6–26.0 mm in curve measurement for the 5th percentile. However, the difference between the two techniques became more pronounced after the 75th percentile (range 41.0–42.0 mm straight x 43.6–45.0 mm in curve measurement). The risk factors identified for short cervix were low body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.81 CI: 1.16–2.82), higher education (OR: 1.39 CI: 1.10–1.75) and personal history ([one prior miscarriage OR: 1.41 CI: 1.11–1.78 and ≥2 prior miscarriages OR: 1.67 CI: 1.24–2.25], preterm birth [OR: 1.70 CI: 1.12–2.59], previous low birth weight <2500 g [OR: 1.70 CI: 1.15–2.50], cervical surgery [OR: 4.33 CI: 2.58–7.27]). By contrast, obesity (OR: 0.64 CI: 0.51–0.82), living with a partner (OR: 0.76 CI: 0.61–0.95) and previous pregnancy (OR: 0.46 CI: 0.37–0.57) decreased the risk of short cervix. Conclusions The CL distribution showed a relatively low percentage of cervix ≤25 mm. There may be populational differences in the CL distribution and this as well as the risk factors for short CL need to be considered when adopting a screening strategy for short cervix.
Colorectal Cancer After Screening Colonoscopy: 10-Year Incidence by Site and Detection Rate at First Repeat Colonoscopy

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to describe cumulative colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence after screening colonoscopy stratified by tumor location, age, and sex as well as CRC detection rate at first repeat colonoscopy. METHODS: Using the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database, we included persons with screening colonoscopy and assessed cumulative CRC incidence after baseline screening colonoscopy with snare polypectomy (cohort 1) and without polypectomy (cohort 2). We also determined the CRC detection rate at first repeat colonoscopy by time since screening colonoscopy. RESULTS: Overall, 1,095,381 persons were included. The 10-year cumulative CRC incidence was 1.5% in cohort 1 and 0.6% in cohort 2. The proportion of proximal CRC increased with age: In women of cohort 1, 47% of CRCs in the age group 55–64 years were proximal (men: 42%) while in the age group 65–74 years, this proportion was 55% (men: 49%). In cohort 2, similar patterns were observed. In cohort 1, the CRC detection rate at first repeat colonoscopy among persons examined within 6–8 years after screening colonoscopy was more than twice as high compared with those examined within 4–6 years (1.7% vs 0.8%). DISCUSSION: Among persons followed up after screening colonoscopy, we observed a steadily increasing predominance of proximal CRC, and this shift showed distinct patterns by age and sex. Because our study suggests higher CRC detection rates among persons with a later repeat colonoscopy, the role of delayed surveillance and the benefit of a reminder system should be explored.
Probing Structural Dynamics of a Bacterial Chaperone in Its Native Environment by Nitroxide-Based EPR Spectroscopy.

One of the current greatest challenges in structural biology is to study protein dynamics over a wide range of time scales in complex environments, such as the cell. Among magnetic resonances suitable for this approach, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy coupled to Site-Directed Spin Labeling (SDSL-EPR) has emerged as a promising tool to study protein local dynamics and conformational ensembles. In this work, we exploit the sensitivity of nitroxide labels in reporting protein local dynamics at room temperature. We demonstrate that such studies can be performed by preserving both the integrity of the cells and the activity of the protein under investigation. Using this approach, we studied the structural dynamics of the chaperone NarJ in its natural host cell, Escherichia coli . We established that spin-labeled NarJ is active inside the cells. We showed that the cellular medium affects NarJ structural dynamics in a site-specific way, while the structural flexibility of the protein is maintained. Finally, we present and discuss data on the time-resolved dynamics of NarJ in cellular context.
On Schottky groups with automorphisms.

We consider a closed Riemann surface S and a group H of conformal automorphisms of S . We seek a Schottky uniformization (Ω, G, π: Ω → S) of the surface S with the property that every element of H can be lifted to a conformal automorphism of the region Ω. We obtain necessary conditions, called Condition (A), on the set of fixed points of the non-trivial elements of H in order to find a Schottky uniformization as desired. For instance, Condition (A) is trivially satisfied by groups acting freely, groups isomorphic to Z/2Z⊕ · · · ⊕Z/2Z and dihedral groups. We show that Condition (A) is sufficient when H is a cyclic group.
Clinical guidelines for the use of lifestyle-based mental health care in major depressive disorder: World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Australasian Society of Lifestyle Medicine (ASLM) taskforce

Abstract Objectives The primary objectives of these international guidelines were to provide a global audience of clinicians with (a) a series of evidence-based recommendations for the provision of lifestyle-based mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and (b) a series of implementation considerations that may be applicable across a range of settings. Methods Recommendations and associated evidence-based gradings were based on a series of systematic literature searches of published research as well as the clinical expertise of taskforce members. The focus of the guidelines was eight lifestyle domains: physical activity and exercise, smoking cessation, work-directed interventions, mindfulness-based and stress management therapies, diet, sleep, loneliness and social support, and green space interaction. The following electronic bibliographic databases were searched for articles published prior to June 2020: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register), CINAHL, PsycINFO. Evidence grading was based on the level of evidence specific to MDD and risk of bias, in accordance with the World Federation of Societies for Biological Psychiatry criteria. Results Nine recommendations were formed. The recommendations with the highest ratings to improve MDD were the use of physical activity and exercise, relaxation techniques, work-directed interventions, sleep, and mindfulness-based therapies (Grade 2). Interventions related to diet and green space were recommended, but with a lower strength of evidence (Grade 3). Recommendations regarding smoking cessation and loneliness and social support were based on expert opinion. Key implementation considerations included the need for input from allied health professionals and support networks to implement this type of approach, the importance of partnering such recommendations with behaviour change support, and the need to deliver interventions using a biopsychosocial-cultural framework. Conclusions Lifestyle-based interventions are recommended as a foundational component of mental health care in clinical practice for adults with Major Depressive Disorder, where other evidence-based therapies can be added or used in combination. The findings and recommendations of these guidelines support the need for further research to address existing gaps in efficacy and implementation research, especially for emerging lifestyle-based approaches (e.g. green space, loneliness and social support interventions) where data are limited. Further work is also needed to develop innovative approaches for delivery and models of care, and to support the training of health professionals regarding lifestyle-based mental health care.
MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF Swift J1753.5−0127

We present contemporaneous X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), optical, and near-infrared observations of the black hole binary system Swift J1753.5−0127 acquired in 2012 October. The UV observations, obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, are the first UV spectra of this system. The dereddened UV spectrum is characterized by a smooth, blue continuum and broad emission lines of C iv and He ii. The system was stable in the UV to <10% during our observations. We estimated the interstellar reddening by fitting the 2175 Å absorption feature and fit the interstellar absorption profile of Lyα to directly measure the neutral hydrogen column density along the line of sight. By comparing the UV continuum flux to steady-state thin accretion disk models, we determined upper limits on the distance to the system as a function of black hole mass. The continuum is well fit with disk models dominated by viscous heating rather than irradiation. The broadband spectral energy distribution shows the system has declined at all wavelengths since previous broadband observations in 2005 and 2007. If we assume that the UV emission is dominated by the accretion disk, the inner radius of the disk must be truncated at radii above the innermost stable circular orbit to be consistent with the X-ray flux, requiring significant mass loss from outflows and/or energy loss via advection into the black hole to maintain energy balance.
Stochastic backgrounds of gravitational waves from cosmological sources – the role of dark energy

In this work we investigate the detectability of the gravitational stochastic background produced by cosmological sources in scenarios of structure formation. The calculation is performed in the framework of hierarchical structure formation using a PressSchechter-like formalism. The model considers the coalescences of three kind of binary systems, namely double neutron stars (NS-NS), the neutron star-black hole binaries (NS-BH), and the black hole-black hole systems (BH-BH). We also included in the model the core-collapse supernovae leaving black holes as compact remnants. In particular, we use two dierent dark-energy scenarios, specically cosmological constant () and Chaplygin gas, in order to verify their inuence on the cosmic star formation rate, the coalescence rates, and on the gravitational wave backgrounds. We calculate the gravitational wave signals separately for each kind of source as well as we determine their collective contribution for the stochastic background of gravitational waves. Concerning to the compact binary systems, we verify that these sources produce stochastic backgrounds with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) 1:5 ( 0:90) for NS-NS, 0:50 ( 0:30) for NS-BH, 0:20 ( 0:10) for BH-BH, and 0:14 ( 0:07) for core-collapse supernovae for a pair of advanced LIGO detectors in the cosmological constant (Chaplygin gas) cosmology. Particularly, the sensitivity of the future third generation of detectors as, for example, the Einstein Telescope (ET), in the triangular conguration,
Detecting task-relevant spatiotemporal modules and their relation to motor adaptation

How does the central nervous system (CNS) control our bodies, including hundreds of degrees of freedom (DoFs)? A hypothesis to reduce the number of DoFs posits that the CNS controls groups of joints or muscles (i.e., modules) rather than each joint or muscle independently. Another hypothesis posits that the CNS primarily controls motion components relevant to task achievements (i.e., task-relevant components). Although the two hypotheses are examined intensively, the relationship between the two concepts remains unknown, e.g., unimportant modules may possess task-relevant information. Here, we propose a framework of task-relevant modules, i.e., modules relevant to task achievements, while combining the two concepts mentioned above in a data-driven manner. To examine the possible role of the task-relevant modules, we examined the modulation of the task-relevant modules in a motor adaptation paradigm in which trial-to-trial modifications of motor output are observable. The task-relevant modules, rather than conventional modules, showed adaptation-dependent modulations, indicating the relevance of task-relevant modules to trial-to-trial updates of motor output. Our method provides insight into motor control and adaptation via an integrated framework of modules and task-relevant components.
One-step implementation of multiqubit conditional phase gating with nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to a high-Q silica microsphere cavity

The diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is an excellent candidate for quantum information processing, whereas entangling separate NV centers is still of great experimental challenge. We propose a one-step conditional phase flip with three NV centers coupled to a whispering-gallery mode cavity by virtue of the Raman transition and smart qubit encoding. As decoherence is much suppressed, our scheme could work for more qubits. The experimental feasibility is justified. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3455891]
Doping-dependent optical properties of Bi2201

An experimental study of the in-plane optical conductivity of (Pbx, Bi2−x)(LaySr2−y)CuO6+δ (Bi2201) is presented for a broad doping and temperature range. The in-plane conductivity is analyzed within a strong coupling formalism. We address the interrelationship between the optical conductivity (σ(ω)), the single particle self-energy and the electron–boson spectral function. We find that the frequency and temperature dependence can be well described within this formalism. We present a universal description of optical, angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and tunneling spectra. The full frequency and temperature dependence of the optical spectra and single particle self-energy is shown to result from an electron–boson spectral function, which shows a strong doping dependence and weak temperature dependence.
Vascular stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis

Purpose of review Aging is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased vessel wall stiffness. Pathophysiological stiffening, notably in arteries, disturbs the integrity of the vascular endothelium and promotes permeability and transmigration of immune cells, thereby driving the development of atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases. Effective therapeutic strategies for arterial stiffening are still lacking. Recent findings Here, we overview the literature on age-related arterial stiffening, from patient-derived data to preclinical in-vivo and in-vitro findings. First, we overview the common techniques that are used to measure stiffness and discuss the observed stiffness values in atherosclerosis and aging. Next, the endothelial response to stiffening and possibilities to attenuate this response are discussed. Summary Future research that will define the endothelial contribution to stiffness-related cardiovascular disease may provide new targets for intervention to restore endothelial function in atherosclerosis and complement the use of currently applied lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Density of states of continuous and discrete spin models: a case study

A relation between O(n) lattice spin models and Ising models defined on the same lattice was recently put forward (Casetti et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 057208). Such a relation, inspired by an energy landscape analysis, implies that the density of states of an O(n) spin model on a lattice can be effectively approximated, at least close to the phase transition, in terms of the density of states of an Ising model defined on the same lattice and with the same interactions. In this paper we show that such a relation exactly holds, albeit in a slightly modified form, in the special cases of the mean-field XY model and the one-dimensional XY model. We also discuss the possible consequences of this result for the general case.
A comparison of the functional connectome in mild traumatic brain injury and post‐traumatic stress disorder

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) often co‐occur in the context of threat to one's life. These conditions also have an overlapping symptomatology and include symptoms of anxiety, poor concentration and memory problems. A major challenge has been articulating the underlying neurobiology of these overlapping conditions. The primary aim of this study was to compare intrinsic functional connectivity between mTBI (without PTSD) and PTSD (without mTBI). The study included functional MRI data from 176 participants: 42 participants with mTBI, 67 with PTSD and a comparison group of 66 age and sex‐matched healthy controls. We used network‐based statistical analyses for connectome‐wide comparisons of intrinsic functional connectivity between mTBI relative to PTSD and controls. Our results showed no connectivity differences between mTBI and PTSD groups. However, we did find that mTBI had significantly reduced connectivity relative to healthy controls within an extensive network of regions including default mode, executive control, visual and auditory networks. The mTBI group also displayed hyperconnectivity between dorsal and ventral attention networks and perceptual regions. The PTSD group also demonstrated abnormal connectivity within these networks relative to controls. Connectivity alterations were not associated with severity of PTSD or post‐concussive symptoms in either clinical group. Taken together, the similar profiles of intrinsic connectivity alterations in these two conditions provide neural evidence that can explain, in part, the overlapping symptomatology between mTBI and PTSD.
Theory and Applications of Coulomb Excitation

Because the interaction is well-known, Coulomb excitation is one of the best tools for the investigation of nuclear properties. In the last 3 decades new reaction theories for Coulomb excitation have been developed such as: (a) relativistic Coulomb excitation, (b) Coulomb excitation at intermediate energies, and (c) multistep coupling in the continuum. These developments are timely with the advent of rare isotope facilities. Of special interest is the Coulomb excitation and dissociation of weakly-bound systems. I review the Coulomb excitation theory, from low to relativistic collision energies. Several applications of the theory to situations of interest in nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics are discussed.
An update on immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery

Purpose of review The aim of this study was to present an overview of recent publications and opinions in the field of same-day bilateral cataract surgery. Recent findings A Cochrane review was published comparing immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) with regard to safety outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness. In addition, several large database studies provided more information on incidences of rare complications such as unilateral and bilateral endophthalmitis rates. Summary Recently available evidence showed that ISBCS is an effective and cost-effective alternative to DSBCS. Nonetheless, additional (randomized) registry studies, randomized controlled trials and cost-effectiveness studies are needed to evaluate bilateral endophthalmitis rates, refractive outcomes and cost-effectiveness of ISBCS compared with DSBCS.
Somatoform Symptoms in Parkinson Disease

Background: Co-occurring somatoform symptoms complicate the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Objective: To learn more about the relationship between somatoform symptoms and PD by comparing demographic and clinical features across PD groups differing in somatoform symptom severity. Method: Using standardized Brief Symptom Inventory—18 (BSI–18) scores to measure somatoform symptom severity, we assigned 1093 individuals with PD to one of four subgroups using comparisons to normative means: low (M < –½ SD), average (M ± ½ SD), high (M +½ SD to +1 SD), very high (M > +1 SD). We used demographics and disease severity measures to assess each subgroup. Results: Most of the individuals with PD (56%) had high or very high somatoform symptom levels. Increased somatoform symptom levels were associated with female gender, lower socioeconomic status, greater disease duration, increased PD severity (Total Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale), greater disability (Older Americans Resource and Services Disability subscale), increased BSI–18 Depression and Anxiety subscale scores, lower cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), lower self-efficacy scores (Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease Scale), lower quality of life scores (SF–12 Health Status Survey), and greater medical comorbidity (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale—Geriatrics) (all comparisons: P < 0.001). We found no significant between-group differences for age, race, or marital status. Conclusion: Somatoform symptom severity in individuals with PD is associated with greater PD severity and disability and is more common in females and in individuals with low socioeconomic status. Greater awareness of somatoform symptoms should help improve PD treatment.
Classical Test Models

The term ‘Classical Test Theory’ covers an entire set of psychometric models and procedures whose main objective is to solve the psychometric problems arising in the measurement of variables in the social sciences. Classical test theory permits us to estimate the psychometric properties of the tests, questionnaires, and scales used in social science measurement, guaranteeing that measurements are made with the appropriate scientific and technical rigor. The first work in this area appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century, and by the 1960s, the core of the classical approach was well established. The classical model assumes that a person's empirical score in a test is made up of two additive components, the true score corresponding to the assessed person in that test, and a certain measurement error. From this simple model, and with the addition of some assumptions and the definition of parallel tests, we obtain the principal classical formulas that allow the estimation of the psychometric properties of tests, such as reliability and validity. Keywords: psychometrics; test theory; classical test theory; true scores
Cold atom space clock with counter-propagating atoms

We discuss the feasibility of realizing a cold atom space clock with counter-propagating cold atoms in microgravity. The design of the space clock is based on an atomic beam clock with Ramsey cavity, except that magneto-optical trap (MOT) is placed at each side. Cold atoms are launched simultaneously from the MOTs at both sides of the clock and they move at the counter-direction towards each other. The velocity of the launched atoms is precisely controlled to Ramsauer-Townsend resonance so that no additional collision frequency shift takes place. Such configuration can efficiently cancel the frequency shift resulting from cavity phase shift and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).