Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal Morphological Analysis for Age Estimation of Blow Fly Pupae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Postmortem Interval Estimation *

Abstract: Larvae and pupae of blow fly species are frequently used in postmortem interval estimation, their age indicating minimum time since death. Most studies have considered age estimation of larvae, neglecting study of pupae. Relative development of external pupal features is useful, but there are also internal changes during metamorphosis that may be indicators of age, utilizing histological techniques. This study aimed to optimize preservation and histological analysis of blow fly pupae, specifically Calliphora vicina Robineau‐Desvoidy and Lucilia sericata (Meigen), and to examine internal features with potential for age estimation. Effect of hot‐water‐killing and different preservatives were examined. It was determined that blow fly pupae should be pierced through the three tagma, hot‐water‐killed, and preserved in 80% ethanol as the optimal preservation for subsequent analyses. Hematoxylin and eosin stained pupal sections revealed differences in brain and thoracic muscle development throughout the pupal stage with potential for age estimation.
Longitudinal cognitive changes in traumatic brain injury

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal cognitive changes in patients over three decades following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: Two hundred ten patients with substantial TBI of variable severity were initially assessed between 1966 and 1972 at Turku University Hospital (Finland). Of these, 61 patients could be studied using the same assessments in the follow-up examination, on average 30 years after the TBI. The results of the follow-up assessment were also compared with an age- and education-matched control group. During each examination, patients were assessed with five subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, three tests for episodic memory, and the general cognitive decline was determined. Results: The general pattern of slight cognitive decline during a 30-year follow-up contrasted with improvement in semantic memory. Women maintained their cognitive level, but men showed a decline during the follow-up, especially in visuospatial ability and visual memory. Younger patients were likely to maintain or even improve their cognitive functioning. Conclusions: Most of the patients had mild cognitive decline during the follow-up, but this decline was influenced by gender and age at injury. Unlike the long-term course in the other domains of cognition, semantic memory showed good recovery potential after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The profile of long-term cognitive decline after TBI seems to be qualitatively different from the early signs of dementia of the Alzheimer type.
Opinion-meter: A Framework for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis

With the explosion of text content made available in the internet Sentiment Analysis (SA) started to attract more of people's attention by offering alternatives to automatically extract opinion information from text. As the internet extended its reach throughout the globe, the need for tools to enable information exchange between people who do not speak the same language emerged, to this need the most common response has been the use of Machine Translation. Some researchers have also evaluated the use of machine translation in SA and some interesting results were obtained. This work introduces Opinion-meter, a system for Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis that enable users to analyze texts in several languages with the use of Machine Translation and using various methods based on PMI, Lexicon and Machine Learning. An evaluation of the methods available in the system was made in four different languages and the results suggest that although Machine Translation can yield reasonable results, Machine Learning may still be a better alternative.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Association of allostatic load with brain structure and cognitive ability in later life

cognitive ability (range b ¼ (cid:2) 0.13 to (cid:2) 0.20), processing speed ( (cid:2) 0.20 to (cid:2) 0.22), and knowledge ( (cid:2) 0.18 to (cid:2) 0.20) but not memory or nonverbal reasoning. The associations of AL with cognitive abilities were not mediated by these brain volume measures. AL did not predict cognitive change from age 11 to approximately age 73. The ﬁ ndings suggest a link between AL and later life brain health and cognitive functioning. (cid:1) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The effects of hydrogen ion on spinal neurons.

The effects of iontophoretically applied hydrogen ion (H+) on neuronal excitability were studied in the spinal cord of cats. The activity of extracellularly recorded neurons of the dorsal horn was either depressed or enhanced by H+ and in most cases of enhancement there was a preceding phase of depression. During intracellular recordings from motoneurons it was found that H+ application usually caused a hyperpolarization accompanied by an increase in cell input resistance. In a smaller number of cells the hyperpolarization was succeeded by a depolarization that was coupled with a decrease in input resistance. In some neurons it was shown that the depolarizing phase was more prominent and had a shorter latency when larger currents were used to eject H+. The varied reports from earlier studies of excitation or inhibition of neuronal excitability by H+ may be in part explainable by our observations that the effects may depend on the concentrations of H+ used.
A multiple exchange algorithm for constrained design of FIR filters in the complex domain

We present a fast multiple exchange algorithm that designs FIR filters with magnitude and phase specifications subject to constraints on the error function. We use a constrained least squares criterion which minimizes error energy and imposes bounds on the magnitude of the error. We can trade error energy versus peak error, and complex least squares and complex Chebyshev filters result as special cases. We provide a Matlab program implementing the proposed algorithm. This program has proved to be efficient and reliable.
Binding to and Opsonophagocytic Activity of O-Antigen-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies against Encapsulated and NonencapsulatedKlebsiella pneumoniae Serotype O1 Strains

ABSTRACT The high mortality of nosocomial infections caused byKlebsiella spp. has acted as a stimulus to develop immunotherapeutic approaches targeted against surface molecules of these bacteria. Since O-antigen-specific antibodies may add to the protective effect of K antisera, we tested the functional and binding capacity of O-antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against different Klebsiella O antigens. The MAbs tested were specific for the O-polysaccharide partial antigensd-galactan II (MAb Ru-O1), d-galactan I (MAb IV/4-5), or core oligosaccharide (MAb V/9-5) of theKlebsiella serogroup O1 antigen. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay binding experiments, we found that all MAbs recognized their epitopes on intact capsule-free bacteria; however, binding to encapsulated wild-type strains belonging to different K-antigen serotypes was significantly reduced. The K2 antigen acted as the strongest penetration barrier, while the K7 and K21 antigens allowed some, though diminished, antibody binding. In vitro phagocytic killing experiments showed that MAb Ru-O1 possessed significant opsonizing activity for nonencapsulated O1 serogroup strains and also, to a much lesser extent, for encapsulated strains belonging to the O1:K7 and O1:K21 serotypes. MAbs or antisera specific for thed-galactan II antigen may thus be the most promising agents for further efforts to develop a second-generationKlebsiella hyperimmune globulin comprising both K- and O-antigen specificities.
Effects of active versus passive recovery in sprint cross-country skiing.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of an active and a passive recovery protocol on physiological responses and performance between 2 heats in sprint cross-country skiing. METHODS Ten elite male skiers (22±3 y, 184±4 cm, 79±7 kg) undertook 2 experimental test sessions that both consisted of 2 heats with 25 min between start of the first and second heats. The heats were conducted as an 800-m time trial (6°, >3.5 m/s, ~205 s) and included measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2) and accumulated oxygen deficit. The active recovery trial involved 2 min standing/walking, 16 min jogging (58%±5% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. The passive recovery trial involved 15 min sitting, 3 min walk/jog (~30% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were monitored throughout the recovery periods. RESULTS The increased 800-m time between heat 1 and heat 2 was trivial after active recovery (effect size [ES]=0.1, P=.64) and small after passive recovery (ES=0.4, P=.14). The 1.2%±2.1% (mean±90% CL) difference between protocols was not significant (ES=0.3, P=.3). In heat 2, peak and average VO2 was increased after the active recovery protocol. CONCLUSIONS Neither passive recovery nor running at ~58% of VO2peak between 2 heats changed performance significantly.
Topolins and Hydroxylated Thidiazuron Derivatives Are Substrates of Cytokinin O-Glucosyltransferase with Position Specificity Related to Receptor Recognition1

Glucosides of trans-zeatin occur widely in plant tissues, formed either by O-glucosylation of the hydroxylated side chain or N-glucosylation of the purine ring structure. O-Glucosylation is stereo-specific: the O-glucosyltransferase encoded by the Phaseolus lunatus ZOG1 gene has high affinity for trans-zeatin as the substrate, whereas the enzyme encoded by the maize (Zea mays) cisZOG1 gene prefers cis-zeatin. Here we show that hydroxylated derivatives of benzyladenine (topolins) are also substrates of ZOG1 and cisZOG1. The m-OH and o-OH derivatives are the preferred substrate of ZOG1 and cisZOG1, respectively. Among the hydroxylated derivatives of thidiazuron tested, the only enzyme/substrate combination resulting in conversion was cisZOG1/(o-OH) thidiazuron. The abilities of these cytokinins to serve as substrates to the glucosyltransferases were in a large part correlated with their biological activities in the P. lunatus callus bioassay, indicating that there may be similarities between cytokinin-binding sites on the enzymes and cytokinin receptors. Further support for this interpretation is provided by cytokinin recognition studies involving the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CRE1/WOL/AHK4 and maize ZmHK1 receptors. The AHK4 receptor responded to trans-zeatin and m-topolin, while the ZmHK1 receptor responded also to cis-zeatin and o-topolin. Three-dimensional molecular models of the substrates were applied to explain the results.
Dynamics of proteins: elements and function.

INTRODUCTION . 263 OVERVIEW . 265 DYNAMICS METHODOLOGY . 268 Molecular Dynamics . 270 Stochastic Dynamics . 270 Harmonic Dynamics . 272 Activated Dynamics . 272 Simplified Model Dynamics . 273 ATOMIC FLUCTUATIONS . 273 Mean-Square Fluctuations and Temperature Factors . 273 Time-Dependence: Local and Collective Effects . 277 Biological Function . 278 SIDECHAIN MOTIONS . 279 Tyrosines in PT1 . 279 Ligand-Protein Interaction i Myoglobin . 283 Exterior Sidechain d Loop Motions . 287 RIGID BODY MOTIONS . 288 Hinge Bending . 288 Quaternary Structural Change . 290 a-HELIX MOTION: HARMONIC AND SIMPLIFIED MODEL DYNAMICS . 291 PERSPECTIVE . 292
Evaluation of a 12‐color flow cytometry panel to study lymphocyte, monocyte, and dendritic cell subsets in humans

Monitoring changes in human immune cell populations such as lymphocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs) during infectious diseases like human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is crucial. However, difficulties to identify rare or heterogeneous cell populations can be limiting. For example, to accurately measure DC subsets, eight flow cytometry parameters are ideal. The aim of this work was to analyze the phenotype of human lymphocyte, monocyte, and DC subsets using a single 12‐color flow cytometry panel. After erythrocyte lysis, blood from healthy human volunteers was washed and labeled with a cocktail of 12 antibodies. Samples were analyzed on a Becton‐Dickinson FACSAria™ equipped with three lasers. Data were compared with lineage‐specific panels using 5–8 Ab combinations per lineage. Acquired data were analyzed using FlowJo software. Our 12‐color panel allows for the identification of the following major subsets of circulating cells in a single tube: CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, monocyte subsets (CD14 and/or CD16), and five nonoverlapping HLA‐DR+Lin− subsets: CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, CD123+ plasmacytoid DC, and three subsets of CD11c+ myeloid DC expressing either CD16, CD1c (BDCA‐1), or CD141 (BDCA‐3). We have developed a single flow cytometry panel that allows for simultaneous detection of the lymphocyte and monocyte cell populations and all known DC subsets. Studying these major players of the immune system in one single panel may give us a broader view of the immune response during HIV infection and the ability to better define the role of individual cell types in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Public Provision of Private Goods

Government may provide a good that can, if legally permitted, be supplemented by private purchases. Policy is determined by majority rule. Under standard assumptions on preferences, a majority voting equilibrium exists. A regime of positive government provision with no restriction on private supplements is shown to be majority preferred to a regime of either only market provision or only government provision. Combined public and private expenditure on the good is higher under this dual-provision regime than under either of the alternatives. Under some preference configurations, the median-income voter is pivotal; under others, a voter with income below the median is pivotal.
An efficient visible light positioning method using single LED luminaire

While visible light positioning (VLP) cooperated with mobile platform has been considered as one of the most attractive solutions for indoor positioning mobile services, most existing visible light positioning (VLP) systems have limited performance in terms of positioning accuracy and speed due to the requirement of multiple VLP luminaires for vision analysis and the high computational cost of image processing. In this paper, we propose a space-efficient and time-efficient VLP method which can achieve high positioning accuracy with single VLP luminaire, and therefore increases the flexibility of lighting infrastructure design and the positioning speed. A lightweight image processing algorithm is proposed to further reduce the positioning time. Based on the proposed method, a high speed and high precision VLP system with commodity mobile phones was developed for field tests. The experimental results show that the system can achieve an average positioning accuracy of 2.5 cm and an average positioning time of 25 ms, respectively.
Patient-initiated hospital follow-up for rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical efficacy, cost and acceptability of a shared care system of patient- or general practitioner (GP)-initiated hospital review in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A 2-yr randomized controlled trial of routine rheumatologist-initiated review was compared with a shared care system. Shared care patients had no routine follow-up but patients or GPs initiated access to rapid review by the multidisciplinary team via a nurse-run helpline. Control patients had a rheumatologist-initiated medical review at intervals of 3-6 months. Clinical and psychological status, resource use, and patient and GP satisfaction and confidence were assessed. Three-monthly clinical data were assessed (blind) for safety monitoring, with failure set at a 20% increase in pain, disability or disease activity. RESULTS Two hundred and nine established RA patients participated, of whom 182 were evaluable. Safety-net failures were not different between groups. Shared care patients had less pain (24 months, 3.9 cm on a 10-cm visual analogue scale vs 4.8 cm for controls; P: < 0.05), a smaller increase in pain over 2 yr (+ 0.4 cm vs +1.6 cm for controls; P: < 0.01), greater self-efficacy (6, 15, 18, 21 months, P: < 0.05), used 33.5% less resources (208 ponds sterling per patient per year vs 313 pound sterling for controls; P: < 0.001) and were more confident in the system (6, 9, 12, 18, 21, 24 months, P: < 0.01 to P: < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A patient-initiated system for hospital review over 2 yr offers some clinical benefit compared with the traditional system, using fewer resources and attracting greater patient confidence. Longer-term assessment of the system would be appropriate.
Driving for Fun? - A Comparison of Weekdays and Weekend Travel

Focusing on individual motorists in car-owning households in Germany, this paper econometrically investigates the determinants of automobile travel with the specific aim of quantifying the effects of fuel prices and person-level attributes on travel conducted over a five-day week and weekend. Our analysis is predicated on the notion that car use is an individual decision, albeit one that is dependent on intra-household allocation processes, thereby building on a growing body of literature that has identified the importance of socioeconomic factors such as employment status, gender, and the presence of children in determining both access to the car and distance driven. To capture this two-stage decision process, we employ the Two-Part Model, which consists of Probit and OLS estimators, and derive elasticity estimates that incorporate both the discrete and continuous choices pertaining to car use.With fuel price elasticity estimates ranging between -0.42 and -0.48, our results suggest raising prices via fuel taxes to be a promising energy conservation and climate protection measure.
Globalization and its impact on Human Resource Management practice of India

The approaching of the 21 century globalization poses unique HRM challenges to business chiefly those functioning across countrywide boundaries as transnational or global enterprises. Global trade is considered by the open flow of human and economic resources particularly in the developed economies of European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), other regional groupings such as the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community, etc. Competing in global markets require loads of factors and centralization of its human resource practices is definitely imperative to get better global competitiveness and authorize workforce for global assignments. These developments are opening up new markets in a mode that has certainly not been seen earlier than. This accentuates the requirement to deal with human resources efficiently to increase aggressive benefit in the global market place. To attain this, organizations need an understanding of the factors that can decide the efficacy of different HR practices and approaches. This is because countries like India diverge down a number of scopes that persuade the attractiveness of direct overseas investments in every nation.
Effects of Symmetry and Number of Compositional Elements on Interface and Design Aesthetics

This article describes two experiments investigating the effects of manipulating two compositional elements, symmetry and the number of compositional building blocks, on subjective appraisals of interface aesthetics. The two experiments use stimuli with identical composition but varying subject matter. The first experiment uses abstract black and white geometric images while the second uses realistic looking webpages as stimuli. Both experiments have three levels for each of the two independent variables, with the dependent measure being subjective ratings of aesthetic appeal. Results from both experiments show that the number of compositional elements influences aesthetic appeal ratings. For the abstract imagery, symmetry also plays a role such that subjects find the more symmetric images appealing. Implications of these findings on interface design and previous research are discussed.
Combining forward-based and backward-based decoders for improved speech recognition performance

Combining outputs of speech recognizers is a known way of increasing speech recognition performance. The ROVER approach handles efficiently such combinations. In this paper we show that the best performance is not achieved by combining the outputs of the best set of recognizers, but rather by combining outputs of recognizers that rely on different processing components, and in particular on a different order (backward vs. forward) for processing speech frames. Indeed, much better speech recognition results were obtained by combining outputs of sphinx-based recognizers with outputs of Julius-based recognizers than by combining the same number of outputs from only sphinx-based recognizers, even if the individual sphinx-based systems led to better results than the individual Julius-based recognizers. Further experiments have also been conducted using sphinx-based tools for processing speech frames in reverse order (i.e. backward in time). The results clearly show that combining forward-based and backward-based decoders provide significant improvement with respect to a combination of forward only or backward only decoders. Experiments have been conducted on the ESTER2 and ETAPE speech corpora. Overall, combining sphinx-based and Julius-based systems led to 18.6% word error rate on ESTER2 test data, and 24.5% word error rate on ETAPE test data.
Promoting performance and the quality of working life simultaneously

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to answer the question: how can organizations be developed in such a way that it improves simultaneously performance and the quality of working life (QWL). The focus is particularly on diverse organizational and management practices and the nature of development process. Design/methodology/approach - The empirical data consist of self-assessments of development projects implemented at workplaces as a part of the Finnish Workplace Development Programme (1996-2005). The self-assessments have been gathered separately from management, staff and experts used in the project. The data are based on a sample of 1,113 responses from 409 development projects. The research approach is solution-oriented, seeking factors that can promote concurrent improvements in both performance and the QWL. Findings - Concerning the work, management and organizational practices the findings show that comprehensive development of organization, i.e. implementation of practices is associated with simultaneous improvement in performance and the QWL. Second, concerning the nature of development method, the study shows that employee participation in planning and implementation phase, close collaboration during the process, the methods used by the experts and external networking were related to simultaneous outcomes at workplaces. Originality/value - This paper makes a contribution to the debate on the effects of organizational development on performance and the QWL, and adds some new empirical findings. It also emphasizes the increasing importance of discussion between organizational development and innovation literature in the future.