Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Market power in a power market with transmission constraints

In this paper we present a model for analysing the strategic behaviour of a generator and its short run implications on an electricity network with transmission constraints. The problem is formulated as a Stackelberg leader-follower game. The upper level problem is generator's profit maximisation subject to the solution of the lower level problem of optimal power flow (OPF) solved by system operator. Strategic bidding is modelled as an iterative procedure where the supply functions of the competitive fringe are fixed while the strategic player's bids are changed in a successive order until the bid giving maximum profit is found. This application rests on the assumption of supply function Nash equilibrium when the supplier believes that changes in his bids will not influence other actors to alter their bid functions. Numerical examples are presented on a simple triangular network.
Iatrogenic Botulism After the Therapeutic Use of Botulinum Toxin-A: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

AbstractLocal injection of botulinum toxin-A is an accepted treatment for hyperhidrosis. We report 2 cases of primary hyperhidrosis who developed iatrogenic botulism after the therapeutic dose of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox). This case report highlights the necessity of clinicians having sufficient information of potentially adverse effects, optimal dose, and correct preparation and injection of botulinum toxin-A.
POLYTOMIES AND THE POWER OF PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE

Although phylogenetic hypotheses can provide insights into mechanisms of evolution, their utility is limited by our inability to differentiate simultaneous speciation events (hard polytomies) from rapid cladogenesis (soft polytomies). In the present paper, we tested the potential for statistical power analysis to differentiate between hard and soft polytomies in molecular phytogenies. Classical power analysis typically is used a priori to determine the sample size required to detect a particular effect size at a particular level of significance (a) with a certain power (1 – β). A posteriori, power analysis is used to infer whether failure to reject a null hypothesis results from lack of an effect or from insufficient data (i.e., low power). We adapted this approach to molecular data to infer whether polytomies result from simultaneous branching events or from insufficient sequence information. We then used this approach to determine the amount of sequence data (sample size) required to detect a positive branch length (effect size). A worked example is provided based on the auklets (Charadriiformes: Alcidae), a group of seabirds among which relationships are represented by a polytomy, despite analyses of over 3000 bp of sequence data. We demonstrate the calculation of effect sizes and sample sizes from sequence data using a normal curve test for difference of a proportion from an expected value and a t‐test for a difference of a mean from an expected value. Power analyses indicated that the data for the auklets should be sufficient to differentiate speciation events that occurred at least 100,000 yr apart (the duration of the shortest glacial and interglacial events of the Pleistocene), 2.6 million years ago.
Fast Recovery of Evolutionary Trees through Harmonic Greedy Triplets

We give a greedy learning algorithm for reconstructing an evolutionary tree based on a harmonic average on triplets of terminal taxa. After the pairwise distances between terminal taxa are computed, this algorithm runs in quadratic time in the number n of terminal taxa. In the Jukes-Cantor model of evolution generalized for an arbitrary alphabet, the algorithm is mathematically proven to require sample sequences of length only polynomial in n to recover the correct tree topology with high probability. Our theoretical analysis is supported by simulated experiments in which the algorithm has demonstrated high success rates in reconstructing a large tree from short sequences.
Dynamically stable gait planning for a humanoid robot to climb sloping surface

In this paper, we formulate gait synthesis of humanoid biped locomotion as an optimization problem with consideration of some constraints, e.g. zero-moment point (ZMP) constraints for dynamically stable locomotion, internal forces constraints for smooth transition, geometric constraints for walking on an uneven floor, e.g. sloping surface and etc. In the frame of gait synthesis tied with constraint functions, computational learning methods can be incorporated to further improve the gait. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamically stable gait planning and learning approach for humanoid walking on both even floor and sloping surface has been successfully tested on our humanoid soccer robots named Robo-Erectus, which won first place in the RoboCup 2003 Humanoid League Free Performance competition and got 4 silver awards in the RoboCup Humanoid League 2004.
WS2 nanotubes embedded in PMMA nanofibers as energy absorptive material

Tungsten disulfide inorganic nanotubes (WS2 INTs), which are available now in large amounts, were embedded into a poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanofiber matrix. The PMMA solution and PMMA–WS2 INT suspensions were electrospun to form aligned nanofiber meshes. TEM analysis revealed that WS2 INTs are well dispersed within the PMMA fiber matrix and aligned along the fiber axes. Characteristic Raman signatures of WS2 INTs were observed for the composite fiber meshes. The characteristic optical absorption band of WS2 INTs shifted to the blue wavelength region in the presence of PMMA, a shift indicating a significant interaction between WS2 INTs and PMMA. The thermal stability of WS2 INT-embedded PMMA meshes was increased by 23 °C, in comparison to PMMA. The elastic modulus of PMMA fiber meshes was increased 10 times and 22 times, when WS2 INTs were embedded and aligned along the fiber axes, for 1 wt% and 2 wt% respectively, and without compromising the tensile strength of the PMMA fiber mesh. Respective 35% and 30% increases in the tensile strength and toughness of the composite fibers were recorded. In addition, the dielectric constant of composite fiber meshes was 61% higher than that of PMMA fiber meshes. The developed PMMA–WS2 INT organic–inorganic composites featuring enhanced stiffness and toughness may have potential applications as transparent high energy absorption materials.
Constraint solving techniques and enriching the model with equational theories

Derivability constraints represent in a symbolic way the in finite set of possible executions of a finite protocol, in presence of an ar bitr y active attacker. Solving a derivability constraint consists in computing a s implified representation of such executions, which is amenable to the verification of a ny (trace) security property. Our goal is to explain this method on a non-trivial combination of primitives. In this chapter we explain how to model the protocol executio ns using derivability constraints, and how such constraints are interpreted, d pending on the cryptographic primitives and the assumed attacker capabilitie s. Such capabilities are represented as a deduction system that has some specific prop erties. We choose as an example the combination of exclusive-or, symmetric encr yption/decryption and pairing/unpairing. We explain the properties of the deduct ion system in this case and give a complete and terminating set of rules that solves d erivability constraints. A similar set of rules has been already published for the clas sic l Dolev-Yao attacker, but it is a new result for the combination of primitiv es that we consider. This allows to decide trace security properties for this com bination of primitives and arbitrary finite protocols.
Fast Detecting Outliers over Online Data Streams

How to mine outliers of online data streams in a short time is an unsolved problem. We propose a new outlier factor metric whose name is the frequent pattern contradiction outlier factor called FPCOF for short. FPCOF can easily measurethe degree to which each data instance in data streams is considered as an outlier. In order to compute FPCOF, we construct an outlier detection tree (or OD-tree in short) and design a set of algorithms (ODFP-SW). These algorithms can fast compute FPCOF of new incoming elements by incrementally updating them on the OD-tree, and dynamically maintain the candidate outlier sets and FPCOF of the candidate outliers. The results of experiments show that the proposed method not only can efficiently and accurately mine the outliers in online data streams, but also is more scalable than other existing algorithms.
Performance optimization of MOS current-mode logic

The MOS current-mode logic (MCML) family is suitable for high-frequency applications due to the use of a static current source, thus relatively stabilizing its power consumption. However, there are various tradeoffs in the design of this family due to the contradictions that arise when choosing values for the load resistance or the current-source strength. In this paper, the performance of the MCML family will be investigated by using a figure of merit. The performance metrics will be derived in terms of the design parameters and the values of these parameters that correspond to the optimum performance will be estimated (if found). The analysis will be verified by comparison with the simulation results adopting the 45 nm CMOS technology.
Debunking Real-Time Pricing in Cloud Computing

Elasticity of cloud computing eases the burden of capacity planning. Cloud computing users dynamically provision IT resources tracking their fluctuating demand, and only pay for their usage. Therefore, cloud computing essentially shifts the burden of capacity planning from user's side to provider's side. On the other hand, providers take this burden with the optimistic assumption that diverse workloads from various users will flatten the overall demand curve. However, this optimistic hypothesis has not been proved yet in the real world cases. In fact, counter evidences have been raised. December 2009, Amazon Web Services (AWS), a leading infrastructure cloud service provider, started to offer a real-time pricing for computing resources -- Amazon EC2 Spot Instances (SIs). Real-time pricing, in principle, encourages users to shift their flexible workloads from provider's peak hours to off-peak hours with monetary incentives. Interestingly, from our observation on AWS's one-year SI price history datasets, we conclude that the observed monetary incentive is not large enough to motivate users to shift their workloads. It is reasonable for users to choose SIs over on-demand instances because SIs are 52.3% cheaper on average. After that, shifting the workload to cheaper period provides only 3.7 % additional cost savings at best. Moreover, both average cost savings and price fluctuation have not been meaningfully changed over time.
Some families of increasing planar maps

Stack-triangulations appear as natural objects when one wants to define some families of increasing triangulations by successive additions of faces. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of rooted stack-triangulations with $2n$ faces under two different distributions. We show that the uniform distribution on this set of maps converges, for a topology of local convergence, to a distribution on the set of infinite maps. In the other hand, we show that rescaled by $n^{1/2}$, they converge for the Gromov-Hausdorff topology on metric spaces to the continuum random tree introduced by Aldous. Under a distribution induced by a natural random construction, the distance between random points rescaled by $(6/11)\log n$ converge to 1 in probability. We obtain similar asymptotic results for a family of increasing quadrangulations.
I lnforination Retrieval From the Management Point of View

Several conclusions may now be drawn by management, based on results derived from several "laboratory" experiments in information retrieval. A major finding is that a controlled indexing language (controlled by an authority list of headings) will not provide more effective retrieval than will the uncontrolled type. Automatic indexing, using semantic and syntactic devices, does not improve upon the performance of a manual system. Increasing the number of subject entries per document (with or without computer) will increase the number of retrievals relevant to a question, but will at the same time disproportionately increase the number of nonrelevant references.
The fluoroquinolones: pharmacology, clinical uses, and toxicities in humans

The structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity of the fluoroquinolones in vitro were considered in the first part of our two-part minireview (48). To place this foregoing information in clinical perspective, we now discuss in this the second part of the minireview the published English literature on the pharmacology, proved and potential clinical uses, and toxicities of the fluoroquinolones in humans.
A New Approach towards Clustering based Color Image Segmentation

image segmentation is currently a very emerging topic for researchers in Image processing. Clustering is a frequently chosen methodology for this image segmentation task. But for a better segmentation, there arises the need of an optimal technique. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach for color image segmentation which is a new of its kind. Here, we integrate the famous k-means algorithm with watershed algorithm. But, here we chose 'cosine' distance measure for k-means algorithm to optimize the segmented result of the later one. Also, as color space has a leading impact on color image segmentation task, so, we chose HSV color space for our proposed approach. Since usually the noise arises during the segmentation process, so here the final segmented image is filtered by median filter to make the output image clearer and noise free. The result of the proposed approach is found to be quite satisfactory.
Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa: A Dissemination Study

This open trial of Family-Based Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa was completed in order to assess the dissemination of this treatment, including effectiveness, fidelity, and acceptability. Fourteen adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa were recruited with mean age 14.0+1.5 years (range 12–17 years). Therapists were trained using a workshop, manual and weekly supervision. Sessions were videotaped and rated for treatment fidelity. Pre- and post- treatment assessments were compared. Weight was significantly increased by an average of 7.8 kg. Dietary restraint showed significant improvement, as did interoceptive deficits and maturity fears. Of the 9 participants who had secondary amenorrhea at baseline, 8 had regained menstrual function. Treatment fidelity was rated as at least considerable 72% of the time in phase I of the treatment. Adolescents and parents found the treatment to be acceptable. This preliminary investigation of the dissemination of Family-Based Treatment for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa indicates that this treatment is effective not only for weight restoration, but also in improving some psychological symptoms including dietary restraint, interoceptive deficits, and maturity fears. In addition, this treatment was adopted with considerable fidelity and was acceptable to adolescents and parents.
Neural network based online traffic signal controller design with reinforcement training

Traffic congestion leads to problems like delays, decreasing flow rate, and higher fuel consumption. Consequently, keeping traffic moving as efficiently as possible is not only important to economy but also important to environment. Traffic system is a large complex nonlinear stochastic system. Traditional mathematical methods have some limitations when they are applied in traffic control. Thus, computational intelligence (CI) technologies gain more and more attentions. Neural Networks (NNs) is a well developed CI technology with lots of promising applications in traffic signal control (TSC). In this paper, a neural network (NN) based signal controller is designed to control the traffic lights in an urban traffic road network. Scenarios of simulation are conducted under a microscopic traffic simulation software. Several criterions are collected. Results demonstrate that through online reinforcement training the controllers obtain better control effects than the widely used pre-time and actuated methods under various traffic conditions.
Self-similar scale-free networks and disassortativity.

Self-similar networks with scale-free degree distribution have recently attracted much attention, since these apparently incompatible properties were reconciled in [C. Song, S. Havlin, and H. A. Makse, Nature 433, 392 (2005)] by an appropriate box-counting method that enters the measurement of the fractal dimension. We study two genetic regulatory networks (Saccharomyces cerevisiae [N. M. Luscombe, M. M. Babu, H. Yu, M. Snyder, S. Teichmann, and M. Gerstein, Nature 431, 308 (2004)] and Escherichia coli [http://www.ccg. unam.mx/Computational_Genomics/regulondb/DataSets/RegulonNetDataSets.html and http://www.gbf. de/SystemsBiology]) and show their self-similar and scale-free features, in extension to the datasets studied by [C. Song, S. Havlin, and H. A. Makse, Nature 433, 392 (2005)]. Moreover, by a number of numerical results we support the conjecture that self-similar scale-free networks are not assortative. From our simulations so far these networks seem to be disassortative instead. We also find that the qualitative feature of disassortativity is scale-invariant under renormalization, but it appears as an intrinsic feature of the renormalization prescription, as even assortative networks become disassortative after a sufficient number of renormalization steps.
An Evaluation of Memory Sharing Performance for Heterogeneous Embedded SoCs with Many-Core Accelerators

Today's systems-on-chip (SoCs) more and more conform to the models envisioned by the Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) foundation in which massively parallel, programmable many-core accelerators (PMCAs) not only cooperate but also coherently share memory with a powerful, multi-core host processor. Allowing direct access to system memory from both sides greatly simplifies application development, but it increases the potential interference to the memory system due to the PMCA. In this work, we evaluate the impact of a PMCA's memory traffic on the host performance using the Xilinx Zynq-7000 SoC. This platform features a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 CPU, as well as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which we use to model a PMCA. Synthetic workload, real benchmarks from the MiBench and ALPBench suites, and collaborative workloads all show that the interference generated by the PMCA can significantly reduce the memory bandwidth seen by the host (on average up to 25 % for host applications).
Performance Enhancement by Splitting ALU in Error Resilient Low Cost Processors

Performance enhancement has always been a primary design goal for designers. Modern automation technology demands for reliable low cost controllers, required for specific applications. The restricted resources limits the number of functional units available on a processor which results into lowered performance. The better performance can be achieved with splitting existing functional unit into smaller independent units. The split of arithmetic and logic unit into two independent units namely arithmetic unit and logic unit, provides the facility for simultaneous operation by both of the units. This results into lesser execution time. The simulator Simplescalar has been modified to simulate split ALU. The benchmarks are run in order to collect performance statistics. The simulation parameters, including execution time have been recorded for standard simulator having integral ALU unit, and for split ALU unit and further compared to show enhanced performance with split ALU.
A Seven-transmembrane, G Protein–coupled Receptor, FPRL1, Mediates the Chemotactic Activity of Serum Amyloid A for Human Phagocytic Cells

We have previously reported (Badolato, R., J.M. Wang, W.J. Murphy, A.R. Lloyd, D.F. Michiel, L.L. Bausserman, D.J. Kelvin, and J.J. Oppenheim. 1994. J. Exp. Med. 180:203; Xu, L., R. Badolato, W.J. Murphy, D.L. Longo, M. Anver, S. Hale, J.J. Oppenheim, and J.M. Wang. 1995. J. Immunol. 155:1184.) that the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is a potent chemoattractant for human leukocytes in vitro and mouse phagocytes in vivo. To identify the signaling mechanisms, we evaluated patterns of cross-desensitization between SAA and other leukocyte chemoattrctants. We found that the chemotactic bacterial peptide, N-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), was able to specifically attenuate Ca2+ mobilization in human phagocytes induced by SAA, but only at very high concentrations, suggesting that SAA uses a low affinity fMLP receptor. Here we demonstrate that SAA selectively induced Ca2+ mobilization and migration of HEK cells expressing FPRL1, a human seven-transmembrane domain phagocyte receptor with low affinity for fMLP, and high affinity for lipoxin A4. Furthermore, radiolabeled SAA specifically bound to human phagocytes and FPRL1-transfected 293 cells. In contrast, SAA was not a ligand or agonist for FPR, the high affinity fMLP receptor. Thus, SAA is the first chemotactic ligand identified for FPRL1. Our results suggest that FPRL1 mediates phagocyte migration in response to SAA.
Durability of thermal barrier coatings in a high heat flux environment

Thermal shock is a significant factor in the limited service life of Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) high pressure, fuel turbopump (HPFTP) turbine blades. Addition of advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to the blades could serve to dampen the thermal shock, thereby increasing the life of the blades. However, testing and use of TBCs to date is performed primarily under moderate heat flux conditions which are typical of aircraft turbines. Only limited testing was conducted that addresses high heat flux and severe thermal shock conditions. Therefore, it is not clear if TBCs can survive severe thermal shocks or provide adequate thermal shock protection to the HPFTP turbine blades. The purpose is to experimentally evaluate the potential durability and protective capability of a variety of advanced TBCs in a cyclic thermal shock environment. A secondary goal is to identify significant parameters affecting TBC life during high heat flux testing. Parameters investigated include top coat thickness, bond coat thickness, substrate type, and substrate geometry.
Architectural support for reducing communication overhead in multiprocessor interconnection networks

Modern multicomputer interconnection networks offer the delivery of messages with very low latency. However the message in-flight time is only a small portion of the total time that is required to send a message from source to destination. For fine to medium grained message sizes, the majority of time is spent in overheads for setting up and managing message transmission. It is often possible for compilers/programmers to separate inter-processor communication traffic into messages that exhibit communication locality and messages that do not. This paper proposes architectural modifications to network interfaces and routers to enable compilers/programmers to exploit known locality properties of programs in reducing the fixed overhead of transmission. These techniques work well on traffic exhibiting communication locality without unduly penalizing "ordinary" message traffic. The proposed techniques are evaluated using communication traces from 5 application program kernels. Significant reductions in average message latency are possible, and we argue that the approach can be used in the next generation of cluster interconnects.