Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Tolerance in Wild Female Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra) in Tangkoko-Batuangus Nature Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia

In primates, females typically drive the evolution of the social system and present a wide diversity of social structures. To understand this diversity, it is necessary to document the consistency and/or flexibility of female social structures across and within species, contexts, and environments. Macaques (Macaca sp.) are an ideal taxon for such comparative study, showing both consistency and variation in their social relations. Their social styles, constituting robust sets of social traits, can be classified in four grades, from despotic to tolerant. However, tolerant species are still understudied, especially in the wild. To foster our understanding of tolerant societies and to assess the validity of the concept of social style, we studied female crested macaques, Macaca nigra, under entirely natural conditions. We assessed their degree of social tolerance by analyzing the frequency, intensity, and distribution of agonistic and affiliative behaviors, their dominance gradient, their bared‐teeth display, and their level of conciliatory tendency. We also analyzed previously undocumented behavioral patterns in grade 4 macaques: reaction upon approach and distribution of affiliative behavior across partners. We compared the observed patterns to data from other populations of grade 4 macaques and from species of other grades. Overall, female crested macaques expressed a tolerant social style, with low intensity, frequently bidirectional, and reconciled conflicts. Dominance asymmetry was moderate, associated with an affiliative bared‐teeth display. Females greatly tolerated one another in close proximity. The observed patterns matched the profile of other tolerant macaques and were outside the range of patterns of more despotic species. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of females’ social behavior in a tolerant macaque species under natural conditions and as such, contributes to a better understanding of macaque societies. It also highlights the relevance of the social style concept in the assessment of the degree of tolerance/despotism in social systems. Am. J. Primatol. 75:361‐375, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lower extremity and spine characteristics in young dancers with and without patellofemoral pain

ABSTRACT Very little is known about patellofemoral pain syndrome (PPFS) among young dancers. Understanding the mechanism of the injury and implementing a preventative programme are important in order to minimize the risk of PFPS. The aim of the current study is to determine the extent to which factors such as lower extremity and back characteristics are common among dancers with PFPS. The study population included 271 dancers with PFPS and 271 non-injured dancers, aged 10–16 years. All dancers were screened for morphometric profile, dance discipline (h/week), anatomical anomalies (present/absent of scoliosis, genu valgus/varum, etc.), and joint range of motion (measured by goniometer at the hip, knee, ankle, foot, and spinal joints). The predicting factors for PFPS among young dancers (10–11 years old) were: hyper hip abduction (OR = 0.906) and lower back and hamstring flexibility (OR = 3.542); for adolescent dancers (12–14 years old): hyper ankle dorsiflexion (OR = 0.888), hind foot-varum (OR = 0.260), and mobility of patella (OR = 2.666); and, for pre-mature dancers (15–16 years old): scoliosis (OR = 5.209), limited ankle plantar-flexion (OR = 1.060), and limited hip internal rotation (OR = 1.063). In conclusion, extrinsic and intrinsic parameters predisposing the dancers to knee injuries should be identified by screening in early stages of dance classes.
Feminist Internet Studies

A journal dedicated to feminist media studies will no doubt spend time and attention to discussions of the Internet, a rapidly growing network technology that comes to us through the computer, television and mobile phone. The ubiquitous presence of the Internet has drawn itÐ as a technologyÐ out of the realm of the IT sector into the ® eld of consumer and media technologies. While it does not yet have the same reach as television or radio, the Internet is on its way to becoming a new a masso medium. a Masso not in the sense of the content and communication that it provides, because both can be highly individual, but in the sense of the number of people having access to it. This access is as yet thoroughly strati® ed along lines of income as well as along (related) lines of age, ethnicity, nationality and gender. Part of these inequalities are temporary: age differences will disappear in the long run; various ethnic groups are now beginning to ® nd their way to the Internet and in the US the number of women on line presently equals the number of men. On the European continent and in the UK the user rate is about two males to one female, but many now consider that inequality will have disappeared before long. Income differences, however, both individual and national, will for a long time to come prevent the Internet from becoming a true medium for the masses.
Assist control for ball catching using high-speed vision on a master-slave robot

In recent years, the demand for robots that can perform various tasks in dangerous environments has increased. Teleoperated robots are more suitable for dangerous environments than autonomous robots. We have developed a master-slave robot system that consists of a lightweight master device and a high-power slave robot and proposed operation assistance methods to improve the dexterity and increase the moving speed. In this paper, we propose a control method for catching a flying ball with a master-slave system. The slave robot is controlled by integrating the operator's commands and autonomous visual feedback control so as to track and catch the flying object. The object trajectory and operator motion are predicted by using a Kalman filter. The proposed method was verified by experiment.
Are Mental Health Insurance Mandates Effective? Evidence from Suicides

Many states in the US have passed laws mandating insurance companies to provide or offer some form of mental health benefits. These laws presumably lower the price of obtaining mental health services for many adults, and as a result, might improve health outcomes. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of mental health insurance mandates by examining the influence of mandates on adult suicides, which are strongly correlated with mental illness. Data on completed suicides in each state for the period 1981-2000 are analyzed. Ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares results show that mental health mandates are not effective in reducing suicide rates.
The Transition from Nonreferential to Referential Language in Children Acquiring American Sign Language.

This longitudinal study examined the early language productions of 9 children of deaf parents. Monthly home visits and parental diary reports revealed that these children, on the average, produced their initial recognizable sign at 8.2 months of age, attained a lexicon of 10 recognizable signs at 13.5 months of age, and combined signs at 16.1 months of age. Analysis of the context of these early signs showed that the children did not use signs referentially (i.e., to name new things) until a mean age of 12.6 months, typically after they had demonstrated communicative pointing. Signs acquired earlier were primarily imitations of parental sign models, signs used in interactive routines, and requests for familair items. Most of the children's early signs were not iconic
Signal Shaping by Non-Uniform QAM for AWGN Channels and Applications Using Turbo Coding

A non-uniform signal set constellation is used in order to provide shaping gain. An approximately Gaussian distribution of the transmitter output signal is achieved by using equally likely signal points with unequal spacing. In this way it is possible to obtain shaping gain without any additional computational effort. The method is also applicable when bit interleaved coded modulation in conjunction with parallel decoding of the individual bit levels is used.
An investigation of different degrees of dysarthric speech as input to speaker-adaptive and speaker-dependent recognition systems

This study describes the feasibility of using speech recognition as a text input method for speakers with different degrees of dysarthria. The project investigated two different types of speech recognition systems: Prototype Swedish DragonDictate (PSDD), a speaker-adaptive phoneme-based system, and Infovox RA, a speaker-dependent, whole-word pattern-matching system. Individuals with mild and moderate dysarthria trained and then used 45 command words to input text independently into the PSDD. The results indicated that the PSDD system adapted well to the speech of individuals with mild and moderate dysarthria, but the recognition scores were lower than for a natural speaker. The PSDD system also adapted to the speech of two participants with different degrees of severe dysarthria, but they were unable to use this system independently. On the Infovox RA system, there was a wide range in the mean recognition scores for participants with dysarthria, whereas the natural speaker reached almost 100%. The recognition score for the participant with very severe dysarthria increased substantially with an adapted vocabulary on the speaker-dependent Infovox RA system. The results are discussed in terms of factors that should be considered before selecting a suitable speech recognition system for speakers with different degrees of dysarthria.
Natural language dependencies for ontological relation extraction

Natural Language Processing techniques play an essential role in extraction of necessary information for ontology construction from unstructured text. Identifying syntactic constituents and their dependencies in a sentence, boost the information extraction from natural language text. Main ingredients required for ontology construction are required to be extracted from text in the form of entities and relations between them. Language dependency constructs that express the binary dependencies of the lexical terms in a sentence can be considered as good indicators in identifying binary relationships existing between entities. In this paper we describe that how the typed dependencies produced by a natural language parser are used by a multi agent system to generate rules for relation extraction between two identified entities. The typed dependencies produced by parsing are processed to eliminate unnecessary dependencies and make them more appropriate to be used in rule learning for relation extraction. All the relations derived are expressed as predicate expressions of two entities. We evaluate our agent system by applying it on number of wikipedia web pages from the domain of birds.
Probative, Dialectic, and Moral Reasoning in Program Evaluation

Current idealized evaluation practices are often modeled on a probative, criteria and standards-based approach endorsed by Michael Scriven. The authors find this logical, rule-governed approach insufficient for most program evaluations. By focusing on more technical aspects of the evaluand and the evaluative process, important and valid evaluand characteristics and stakeholder viewpoints can be lost or marginalized. The authors believe a dialectical evaluation process will generate fuller representations of quality while also treating the evaluand as more than simply a technical object. In this article, the authors summarize the probative evaluation approach, discuss aspects of moral reasoning that may limit this standards-based model, and propose an alternative dialectical persuasion.
Integrating the Spiritual Dimension Into Traditional Counselor Education Programs

The author explores the issues involved in integrating the spiritual dimension into traditional counselor education by creating a joint community and addictions counseling master's program based on a hybrid of the wounded healer and wellness models. Such a hybrid encompasses both the skills and knowledge approaches to counselor education advocated by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and the spirituality of Alcoholics Anonymous's 12 steps. After a theoretical discussion of this hybrid model, an experimental master's program based on the model is described.
Control of VP16 Translation by the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Protein ICP27

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus (HSV) ICP27 is an essential and multifunctional regulator of gene expression that modulates the synthesis and maturation of viral and cellular mRNAs. Processes that are affected by ICP27 include transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, and nuclear RNA export. We have examined how ICP27 influences the expression of the essential HSV tegument protein and transactivator of immediate-early gene expression VP16. We monitored the effects of ICP27 on the levels, nuclear export, and polyribosomal association of VP16 mRNA and on the amount and stability of VP16 protein. Deletion of ICP27 reduced the levels of VP16 mRNA without altering its nuclear export or the stability of the encoded protein. However, the translational yield of the VP16 mRNA produced in the absence of ICP27 was reduced 9- to 80-fold relative to that for wild-type infection, suggesting a defect in translation. In the absence of ICP27, the majority of cytoplasmic VP16 mRNA was not associated with actively translating polyribosomes but instead cosedimented with 40S ribosomal subunits, indicating that the translational defect is likely at the level of initiation. These effects were mRNA specific, as polyribosomal analysis of two cellular transcripts (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and β-actin) and two early HSV transcripts (thymidine kinase and ICP8) indicated that ICP27 is not required for efficient translation of these mRNAs. Thus, we have uncovered a novel mRNA-specific translational regulatory function of ICP27.
Dose response of PEG 3350 for the treatment of childhood fecal impaction.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 in the treatment of childhood fecal impaction. METHODS This was a prospective, double-blind, parallel, randomized study of 4 doses of PEG 3350; 0.25 g/kg per day, 0.5 g/kg per day, 1 g/kg per day, 1.5 g/kg per day, given for 3 days in children with constipation for >3 months and evidence of fecal impaction. RESULTS Forty patients completed the study (27 boys, median age 7.5, range 3.3-13.1 years). Disimpaction occurred in 75% of children, with a significant difference between the two higher doses and the lower doses (95% vs 55%, P <.005). All groups had an increased number of bowel movements during the 5-day study versus baseline, respectively: 6.5 versus 1.1 (P <.005), 8.0 versus 1.3 (P <.005), 10.9 versus 1.7 (P <.005), and 12.3 versus 1.4 (P <.005). Adverse effects included nausea (5%), vomiting (5%), bloating (18%), cramping (5%), and diarrhea (13%). Diarrhea and bloating were more prevalent (P <.02) in the higher-dose than in the lower-dose group. No clinically significant changes in electrolytes were noted. CONCLUSIONS The 3-day administration of PEG 3350 is safe and effective in the treatment of childhood fecal impaction at doses of 1 and 1.5 g/kg per day.
Exogenous testosterone: a preventable cause of male infertility

Main problem Testosterone replacement therapy inhibits spermatogenesis, representing a problem for hypogonadal men of reproductive age. Methods A literature review of PubMed from 1990-2013. Semen analysis and pregnancy outcomes, time to recovery of spermatogenesis, serum and intratesticular testosterone levels were examined. Results Exogenous testosterone suppresses intratesticular testosterone production, which is an absolute prerequisite for normal spermatogenesis. Therapies that protect the testis involve human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), but may also include low dose hCG with exogenous testosterone. SERMs, such as clomiphene citrate, are effective for maintaining testosterone production and represent a well-tolerated, oral therapy. Routine use of aromatase inhibitors is not recommended based on a lack of long-term data. Conclusions Exogenous testosterone supplementation decreases sperm production. Studies of hormonal contraception indicate that most men have a return of normal sperm production within 1 year after discontinuation. Clomiphene citrate is a safe and effective therapy for men who desire to maintain future potential fertility. Although less frequently used in the general population, hCG therapy with or without testosterone supplementation represents an alternative treatment.
Book review: Catalytic Conversations: Organizational Communication and Innovation Ann C. Baker. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2010. 201pp. ISBN 9780765612809

Grey, C. and Willmott, H. (2005) Critical Management Studies: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jaros, S. (2001) ‘Labour Process Theory: A Commentary on the Debate’, International Studies of Management and Organization 30(4): 25–40. Littler, C. and Innes, P. (2003) ‘Downsizing and Deknowledging the Firm’, Work, Employment & Society 17(1): 73–100. Prasad, A. (2008) ‘(Book Review) Critical Management Studies: A Reader’, Academy of Management Review 33(1): 279–83.
On Authenticated Encryption Using Stream Ciphers Supporting an Initialisation Vector

We describe a systematic framework for using a stream cipher supporting an initialisation vector (IV) to perform various tasks of authentication and authenticated encryption. These include message authentication code (MAC), authenticated encryption (AE), authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) and deterministic authenticated encryption (DAE) with associated data. Several schemes are presented and rigourously analysed. A major component of the constructions is a keyed hash function having provably low collision and differential probabilities. Methods are described to efficiently extend such hash functions to take double inputs and more generally multiple inputs. In particular, double-input hash functions are required for the construction of AEAD schemes. An important practical aspect of our work is that a designer can combine off-the-shelf stream ciphers with off-the-shelf hash functions to obtain secure primitives for MAC, AE, AEAD and DAE(AD).
A systematic approach for building change detection using multi-source data

Recent sensors give valuable data for remote sensing applications. Among these, building and change detection are important problems. Therefore, researchers worked on these problems using both 2D and 3D data. Some previous studies used only 2D data due to their availability. Yet others used either 3D data alone or 2D and 3D data in a joint manner. Besides, some studies only focused on building detection. Yet others used detected building information in change detection. In this study, we focus on 3D change detection based on building information. Therefore, we first detect buildings. At this step, we benefit from both 2D and 3D data. Then, we locate changes based on these detected buildings. We detect building pixels using panchromatic, multispectral, and Digital Surface Model (DSM) data using a decision tree classifier. Then, we refine the detected building pixels using morphological and shape based operations. Finally, we apply an object based hierarchical change detection method on the refined pixels. We tested our method on 780 buildings and obtained promising results.
A matter of time: young professionals’ experiences of long work hours

This article examines young construction industry professionals’ experiences of working long hours from the perspective of the meanings that they ascribe to work time and how these influence the hours that they work. It considers how such notions of ‘qualitative’ time spent on work may shape attitudes and behaviour relating to ‘quantitative’ work hours. The findings show that, for the interviewees, work time has meanings chiefly associated with enjoyment, being professional and being part of a work family. The article contributes to the long work hours literature by broadening our understanding of how young professionals experience long work hours, why they may not always view them negatively and how the meanings that they attach to them can lead to particular patterns of work hours. It also highlights gender differences in this regard.
Interpretation of Spatial Language in a Map Navigation Task

We have developed components of an automated system that understands and follows navigational instructions. The system has prior knowledge of the geometry and landmarks of specific maps. This knowledge is exploited to infer complex paths through maps based on natural language descriptions. The approach is based on an analysis of verbal commands in terms of elementary semantic units that are composed to generate a probability distribution over possible spatial paths in a map. An integration mechanism based on dynamic programming guides this language-to-path translation process, ensuring that resulting paths satisfy continuity and smoothness criteria. In the current implementation, parsing of text into semantic units is performed manually. Composition and interpretation of semantic units into spatial paths is performed automatically. In the evaluations, we show that the system accurately predicts the speakers' intended meanings for a range of instructions. This paper provides building blocks for a complete system that, when combined with robust parsing technologies, could lead to a fully automatic spatial language interpretation system
‘The outraged young’: young Europeans, civic engagement and the new media in a time of crisis

Public involvement in traditional political institutions has declined significantly over the past few decades, leading to what some have seen as a crisis in citizenship. This trend is most striking amongst young people, who have become increasingly alienated from mainstream electoral politics in Europe. Nevertheless, there is overwhelming evidence to show that younger citizens are not apathetic about ‘politics’ – they have their own views and engage in democracy in a wide variety of ways that seem relevant to their everyday lives. In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, young Europeans have borne the brunt of austerity in public spending: from spiralling youth unemployment, to cuts in youth services, to increased university tuition fees. In this context, the rise and proliferation of youth protest in Europe is hardly surprising. Indeed, youth activism has become a major feature of the European political landscape: from mass demonstrations of the ‘outraged young’ against political corruption and youth unemployment, to the Occupy movement against the excesses of global capitalism, to the emergence of new political parties. This article examines the role that the new media has played in the development of these protest movements across the continent. It argues that ‘digitally networked action’ has enabled a ‘quickening’ of youth participation – an intensification of political participation amongst young, highly educated citizens in search of a mouthpiece for their ‘indignation’.