Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Genotoxicity of Cellulose Nanomaterials in a Co-Culture of Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

Cellulose micro/nanomaterials (CMNMs) are innovative materials with a wide spectrum of industrial and biomedical applications. Although cellulose has been recognized as a safe material, the unique properties of its nanosized forms have raised concerns about their safety for human health. Genotoxicity is an endpoint that must be assessed to ensure that no carcinogenic risks are associated with exposure to nanomaterials. In this study, we evaluated the genotoxicity of two types of cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF and CNF) and one sample of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), obtained from industrial bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp. For that, we exposed co-cultures of human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages to a concentration range of each CMNM and used the micronucleus (MN) and comet assays. Our results showed that only the lowest concentrations of the CMF sample were able to induce DNA strand breaks (FPG-comet assay). However, none of the three CMNMs produced significant chromosomal alterations (MN assay). These findings, together with results from previous in vitro studies using monocultures of A549 cells, indicate that the tested CNF and CNC are not genotoxic under the conditions tested, while the CMF display a low genotoxic potential.
The Microtubule-Targeting Agent Pretubulysin Impairs the Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells by a JNK-Dependent Deregulation of the Histone Acetyltransferase Brd4

The anti-inflammatory effects of depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents on leukocytes are known for a long time, but the potential involvement of the vascular endothelium and the underlying mechanistic basis is still largely unclear. Using the recently synthesized depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agent pretubulysin, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of pretubulysin and other microtubule-targeting agents with respect to the TNF-induced leukocyte adhesion cascade in endothelial cells, to improve our understanding of the underlying biomolecular background. We found that treatment with pretubulysin reduces inflammation in vivo and in vitro via inhibition of the TNF-induced adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium by down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a JNK-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism includes JNK-induced deregulation and degradation of the histone acetyltransferase Bromodomain-containing protein 4. This study shows that depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents, in addition to their established effects on leukocytes, also significantly decrease the inflammatory activation of vascular endothelial cells. These effects are not based on altered pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, but require deregulation of the capability of cells to enter constructive transcription for some genes, setting a baseline for further research on the prominent anti-inflammatory effects of depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents.
A first attempt to approximate Europe's sediment budget

Content 2 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Background 2 1.2. Objective 3 1.3. Status of this paper 3 1.4. Structure of this paper 3 2. Sediment quantity questions and (preliminary) answers 4 2.1. How much is being eroded from rocks and soils and delivered to rivers? 4 2.2. How much is being delivered from rivers to the seas? 4 2.3. How much is stored/extracted in between production and deposition areas? 5 3. Overall (rough) estimation of the sediment budget 6 4. Comparison with published estimates 6 5. References 7
Role of the GaN-on-Si Epi-Stack on ΔRON Caused by Back-Gating Stress

This article reports an in-depth analysis of the ON-resistance drift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> induced by storage/release mechanisms occurring in the buffer of GaN-on-Si power devices. The role of both stress condition (bias, temperature, and stress time) and buffer’s epi-stack composition on <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {R}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has been analyzed by means of back-gating current deep-level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS). The results reveal two competing mechanisms: 1) a faster one related to acceptor defects and sensitive to the thickness of the carbon-doped GaN back-barrier (C:GaN) and superlattice (SL) layers and 2) a slower one ascribed to hole accumulation at the C:GaN/SL interface, independent of the thickness of the epi-stack. The temperature, stress bias, and stress time dependence of such mechanisms, often overlapping, have been investigated by adopting a genetic algorithm.
Developing a Next-Generation Model for Massive Digital Learning

A decade ago, massively open online courses (MOOCs) were heralded as the solution to universal, global access to higher education. While they failed to reach this vision, primarily because of teaching-by-telling and learning-by-listening (a PDF of the residential classroom), MOOCs provided the foundational models and infrastructure for emergency remote learning in the pandemic. Reports of remote learning’s death post-pandemic are greatly exaggerated, since the world is now irreversibly hybrid—and will stay that way because many people and organizations value the new opportunities this presents. From now on, when students leave the shelter of classrooms to interact with the world beyond schooling, they must have skills for adept performance both face-to-face and across distance. Colleges, universities, and regions that force all teaching and learning to be face-to-face are dooming their graduates to reduced agency in every other aspect of life. As discussed in recent reports from Harvard, MIT, and Stanford, innovative approaches to digital learning were developed during the pandemic that are now improving campus-based learning. Insights from these approaches offer the opportunity for student engagement at scale, taking advantage of strengths of online instruction such as collapsing time, bridging space, personalizing via rich datastreams, using AI-based instructional assistants and learning partners, delivering content and experience across universities, and sustaining online learning communities after formal instruction ends. Combined, these advances can enable next-generation massive digital hybrid learning, a means to achieve the aspirational vision of universal global access to higher education. A coalition of higher education institutions could begin to realize this vision, an essential step in enabling all learners to survive and thrive in our increasingly turbulent, disruptive global economy and civilization.
Exploring sustainable human manufacturing: industry 4.0, manufacturing, and green marketing for a balanced future

This study provides a comprehensive overview of a study examining the correlation between human industrial production and sustainability, with a specific focus on the implications of Industry 4.0 (I4) and Industry 5.0 (I5) technologies. The research investigates the potential benefits of integrating I4 technologies, such as artificial intelligence and additive manufacturing, in industrial processes to optimize efficiency, reduce environmental impact, and enhance worker safety. The study highlights the significance of sustainable human manufacturing practices, including the implementation of Green innovations, fair labor conditions, and the adoption of recycled materials. These practices not only contribute to social sustainability but also foster job creation and provide essential support to local economies. Moreover, the research underscores the instrumental role played by I4 and I5 technologies in advancing industrial production efficiency, competitiveness, and collaboration through tools like the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) concept emerges as a valuable framework for evaluating companies based on their economic, social, and environmental performance. By adopting the TBL approach, businesses can promote sustainable development and achieve a balanced approach that caters to the interests of diverse stakeholders. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of Green marketing strategies aligned with sustainability principles and the TBL. These strategies play a crucial role in encouraging environmentally conscious choices in the market, meeting societal demands, and contributing to sustainable development goals. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need to integrate sustainable practices and embrace technological advancements in industrial production while considering the social, environmental, and economic dimensions. The findings present vital insights for industries, policymakers, and stakeholders, guiding them in fostering sustainable human manufacturing practices and shaping a more sustainable and prosperous future.
The origin of the particular aroma of noble rot wines: various fungi contribute to the development of the aroma profile of botrytised grape berries

During noble rot (NR), B. cinerea, together with other filamentous fungi and yeasts, play a role in developing the unique aromatic profile of botrytised wines. To gain more insight into the latter, we generated metatranscriptomic data representing the four NR stages (I-IV) from the Tokaj wine region of Hungary over three months. Since previous research has indicated that the most prevalent filamentous fungi and yeast include Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Epicoccum nigrum, Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula graminis, RNAseq reads were aligned to the latter species. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) followed by a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), eigengene ANOVA and enrichment analyses were performed. Amongst the ten generated gene module clusters, enriched pathways involved in synthesising aromatic compounds such as amino acid-, carbohydrate- and lipid metabolism co-jointly expressed by all filamentous fungi and yeast were identified within the turquoise module. Furthermore, it was found that the enzymes involved in the synthesis of aromatic compounds are expressed and up-regulated during the later stages (III-IV) of the NR process. This study has indicated that the unique aromatic profile of botrytised wines is due to the contributions of filamentous fungi and yeasts belonging to the NR grape microbiome, with the main aromatic contributions occurring during the later NR stages.
MaABI5 and MaABF1 transcription factors regulate the expression of MaJOINTLESS during fruit abscission in mulberry (Morus alba L.)

Mulberry holds significant economic value. However, during the ripening stage of its fruit, the phenomenon of abscission, resulting in heavy fruit drop, can severely impact the yield. The formation of off-zone structures is a critical factor in the fruit abscission process, and this process is regulated by multiple transcription factors. One such key gene that plays a significant role in the development of the off-zone in the model plant tomato is JOINTLESS, which promotes the expression of abscission-related genes and regulates the differentiation of abscission zone tissue cells. However, there is a lack of information about fruit abscission mechanism in mulberry. Here, we analyzed the MaJOINTLESS promoter and identified the upstream regulators MaABF1 and MaABI5. These two regulators showed binding with MaJOINTLESS promoter MaABF1 (the ABA Binding Factor/ABA-Responsive Element Binding Proteins) activated the expression of MaJOINTLESS, while MaABI5 (ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5) inhibited the expression of MaJOINTLESS. Finally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing to investigate the expression and synergistic relationship of endogenous genes in mulberry during abscission. GO classification and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that most of the DEGs were concentrated in MAPK signaling pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, phytohormone signaling, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis. These results provide a theoretical basis for subsequent in-depth study of physiological fruit abscission in mulberry.
Changes in Composition of Mollusks within Corallina officinalis Turfs in South Istria, Adriatic Sea, as a Response to Anthropogenic Impact

A very common intertidal alga, Corallina officinalis, serves as a refuge for numerous invertebrates within its settlements. The composition and structure of invertebrates may differ in relation to different natural or human-induced stress, and this study examined the effects of anthropogenic impact on the abundance and diversity of mollusks residing within C. officinalis settlements. Sampling was conducted during two seasons (Season 1 = algae’s maximum vegetation growth and Season 2 = algae’s minimum vegetation growth). Gastropods and bivalves made up 50% of all invertebrates identified, with a total of 47 species of gastropods, 25 species of bivalves, and one polyplacophoran species recorded. Considering the overall count of individuals, 4562 gastropods, 21,738 bivalves, and 260 polyplacophorans were collected from all available Corallina samples. The results indicated that locations under human impact showed a reduced number of the most abundant gastropod and bivalve species and a reduced average number of individuals.
Optimizing Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates with Gold Nanospheres, Nanorods and Nanostars

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy is a powerful technique that boosts the distinctive fingerprint signals of molecules, making them more accessible for analysis. It utilizes metallic nanoparticles, acting as amplifiers, to greatly enhance the signals emitted by the molecules. This study aimed to explore the SERS potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different geometries using a non-resonant molecule, 4-MBA. Nanospheres (14±2 nm), nanorods (11±2 nm x 50±7 nm) and nanostars (38±4 nm) were synthesized via the HAuCl4 reduction method. All three AuNP geometries exhibited a remarkable enhancement of the Raman signal of 4-MBA by a magnitude of 104. Notably, only gold nanorods and nanostars displayed localized surface plasmon within the biological window, making them highly suitable for biological sample analysis. Meanwhile, the application of gold nanospheres should be limited to chemical SERS detection. These findings confirm the potential use of these nanostructures as SERS substrates for studying molecules with low molar.
Density structure of the upper and middle crust in the northeast Dabie Orogen revealed by terrestrial gravity surveys

Moderate to strong earthquakes have occurred frequently in the northeast Dabie Orogen recently. From 2014 to 2017, the Guanmiao Earthquake Swarm (GES), with a maximum earthquake magnitude of M3.9, and the Quanjun Earthquake Swarm (QES), with a maximum earthquake magnitude of M3.7, occurred successively in the area near southeast Jinzhai County, where two main Mesozoic E–W‐striking boundary faults, including the Xiaotian–Mozitan and Xinyang–Shucheng faults, are cut by the Cenozoic NNE‐/NE‐trending dextral strike‐slip faulting system. These earthquake swarms occurred within areas of human activities and have the potential to cause more violent geological hazards. However, the tectonic geneses of the earthquake swarms are still unknown due to a lack of sufficient geophysical evidence. Based on terrestrial high‐resolution Bouguer gravity anomaly data, the density structure of the northeast Dabie Mountains is inverted using a 3D linear gravity inversion method. As a result, the occurrence and cutting depth of the reactivated faults near the earthquake swarms are defined, suggesting that the Shangloufang–Xialoufang Fault (F11) may be the seismogenic fault of the GES. The genesis of the QES is possibly associated with the fault termination of the Yingshan–Quanjun strike‐slip fault (F10). More broadly, F10 is one of the major synthetic faults of the NNE‐/NE‐trending dextral strike‐slip faulting system between the Tanlu and Shangcheng–Macheng (F2) faults, which bound the East Dabie Block together. The synthetic and antithetic faults fully cover the Beihuaiyang belt and North Dabie unit topography. These intraplate strike‐slip faults formed to accommodate vertical and lateral movements of the Dabie Mountains, driven by the oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate, were likely responsible for generating earthquakes in both Huoshan and Jinzhai.
Outcomes of Spiritual Health in Children: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Background: The socio-cultural status of any society depends on the health of children. Enjoying spiritual health, as one of the important dimensions of health, plays an essential role in ensuring the comprehensive health of the child. This qualitative study was done to explore the consequences of spiritual health in Iranian children. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Participants included 17 children and 9 researchers and specialists in the field of children’s mental health. Data analysis was carried out using the qualitative content analysis approach developed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: During the analysis of the text of the interviews, three themes of "psychological consequences" with three categories (mental vitality, mental growth, and cognitive growth), "socio-moral consequences" with two categories (ethical growth and social growth), and "religious-spiritual consequences" with two categories (religious behavior, religious transcendence) were obtained. Conclusion: The spiritual health in children helps them grow in all aspects, which indicates the capacity of spiritual health in children. It seems that focusing on moral-spiritual development in order to ensure the spiritual health of the child helps to prevent moral-behavioral disorders and provides the ground for excellence and meaningful growth. Therefore, considering the importance of having spiritual health in children, it is necessary for those in charge of education to implement and evaluate written and practical programs based on the consequences of spiritual health and in accordance with the family system, community, and school.
Dynamic Portfolio Selection by Augmenting the Asset Space ∗

We present a novel approach to dynamic portfolio selection that is no more difficult to implement than the static Markowitz model. The idea is to expand the asset space to include simple (mechanically) managed portfolios and compute the optimal static portfolio in this extended asset space. The intuition is that a static choice among managed portfolios is equivalent to a dynamic strategy. We consider managed portfolios of two types: “conditional” and “timing” portfolios. Conditional portfolios are constructed along the lines of Hansen and Richard (1987). For each variable that affects the distribution of returns and for each basis asset, we include a portfolio that invests in the basis asset an amount proportional to the level of the conditioning variable. Timing portfolios invest in each basis asset for a single period and therefore mimic strategies that buy and sell the asset through time. We apply our method to a problem of dynamic asset allocation across stocks, bonds, and cash using the predictive ability of four conditioning variables. ∗We thank Michael Brennan, John Campbell, Rob Engle, Rick Green, Francis Longstaff, Eduardo Schwartz, Rob Stambaugh, Rossen Valkanov, Luis Viceira, Shu Yan, an anonymous referee, and seminar participants at Baruch College, Barclays Global Investors, Lehman Brothers, NYU, and Morgan Stanley for helpful comments.
Reconfigurable Design and Modeling of an Underwater Superlimb for Diving Assistance

This study presents the design of an underwater superlimb as a wearable robot, providing divers with mobility assistance and freeing their hands for manipulating tools underwater. The wearable design features a thrust vectoring system with two 3D‐printed, waterproofed modules. The module with adjustable connections and strapping holes is designed to enable reconfiguration for multiple purposes, including regular use as an underwater superlimb for divers, manually operated as a handheld glider for swimmers, combined with an amphibian, legged robot as a quadruped superlimb, and coupled as a dual‐unit autonomous underwater vehicle for underwater navigation. The kinematics and dynamics of the prototype and all of its reconfigured modes are developed. A sliding‐mode controller is also introduced to achieve stable simulation in PyBullet. Field tests further support the feasibility of the underwater superlimb when worn on a test diver in a swimming pool. As the first underwater superlimb presented in the literature, this study opens new doors for supernumerary robotic limbs in underwater scenarios with multifunctional reconfiguration.
Directional Alignment Instance Knowledge Distillation for Arbitrary-Oriented Object Detection

Recently, many lightweight neural networks have been deployed on airborne or satellite remote sensing platforms for real-time object detection. To bridge the performance gap between lightweight models and complex models, many knowledge distillation (KD) methods are investigated. However, existing KD methods ignore to transfer effective directional knowledge. Meanwhile, knowledge of different subtasks interferes with each other. To this end, a directional alignment instance knowledge distillation (DAIK) method for improving the performance of the lightweight object detection model is proposed. Specifically, an angle distillation (AD) module is developed to combine the circular smooth label (CSL) and teacher logits to transfer effective directional knowledge. Angular distance aspect ratio lookup table (AAL) is incorporated into label assignment and reweighting loss to enhance the prediction sensitivity of direction and shape in a discrete manner. Sample alignment distillation (SAD) reduces the spatial misalignment by mimicking the teacher model’s distribution of anchor points. Extensive experiments are performed on several public remote sensing object detection datasets, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed DAIK.
Comparison of Vector Voting Rules and Their Relation to Simple Majority Voting

Introduced here are examples of what we call “vector voting rules” : social preference orderings deduced from vectors naturally associated with the group preference matrix. These include higher-order Borda Rules , B p , p = 1, 2, . , and the Perron Rule (P). We study the properties of these transitive rules and compare them with Simple Majority Voting (SMV). Even when SMV is transitive, it can yield results different from B 1 , B 2 , . and P, and through simulation, we compile statistics about how often these differ. We also give a new condition ( 2/3+ majorities ) that is (just) sufficient for SMV to be transitive and then quantify the frequency of transitivity for graded failures of this hypothesis.