Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the existence of differences in luminosity between horizontal branch stars in globular clusters and in the field

ABSTRA C T The discrepancy between a long distance-scale derived from Hipparcos-based distances to globular clusters via main-sequence fitting to local subdwarfs, and a short distance-scale derived from the absolute magnitude of field RR Lyraes via statistical parallaxes and the Baade‐Wesselink method could be accounted for whether an intrinsic difference of about ,0.1‐0.2 mag was found to exist between horizontal branch (HB) stars populating the sparse general field and the dense globular clusters. In this paper we discuss the possible existence of such a systematic difference comparing the period-shifts observed for field and cluster RR Lyraes. Various approaches based on different parameters and data sets for both cluster and field variables were used in order to establish the size of such a hypothetical difference, if any. We find that on the whole very small not significant differences exist between the period‐metallicity distributions of field and cluster RR Lyraes, thus confirming with a more quantitative approach, the qualitative conclusions by Catelan. This observational evidence translates into a very small difference between the horizontal branch luminosity of field and cluster stars, unless RR Lyraes in globular clusters are about 0.06 M( more massive than field RR Lyraes at same metallicity, which is to be proven.
External Fixation: Principles and Applications

The modularity and ease of application of modern external fixation has expanded its potential use in the management of fractures and other musculoskeletal conditions. In fracture care, it can be used for provisional and definitive fixation. Short-term provisional applications include “damage control” and periarticular fracture fixation. The risk:benefit ratio of added stability needs to be assessed with each fixator. Soft-tissue management is critical during pin insertion to lessen the risk of loosening and infection. Although provisional fixation is safe for early conversion to definitive fixation, several factors affect the timing of definitive surgery, including the initial injury, external fixator stability, infection, and the physiologic state of the patient.
An islet population model of pancreatic insulin production

Glucose-induced pancreatic insulin release is the fundamental mechanism responsible for glucose homeostasis, its failure determining the clinical picture of Diabetes Mellitus. The details of the feedback loop controlling glycemia through insulin secretion have been an important subject of investigation and modeling for decades. In this note, a recently published population model is considered, whose purpose is to replicate in silico different observed phenomena such as low frequency glycemia-insulinemia oscillations, as well as concordant induction of high-frequency insulin oscillations. The basic idea underlying this model is that the pancreas behaves like a population of independent controllers (each consisting of a fundamental secreting unit, a pancreatic islet), all reacting to the same glucose stimulus, but with varying performance characteristics. This idea has been supported by a relatively wide range of simulations, aiming to replicate most important in vivo experiments concerning pancreatic insulin release. It will be shown in this note that the same mathematical structure can also replicate a set of in vitro experiments, provided that the model context is adapted to the structure of the different experiments to be simulated. More in details, the model will be shown to reproduce the double phase of insulin release during a prolonged glucose stimulus: a first phase of impulsive insulin release, immediately upon glucose administration, and a second phase of more gradual release, dependent on the potentiation effect of the secretory units.
Neonatal Venous Thromboembolism

Neonates are the pediatric population at highest risk for development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and the incidence of VTE in the neonatal population is increasing. This is especially true in the critically ill population. Several large studies indicate that the incidence of neonatal VTE is up almost threefold in the last two decades. Central lines, fluid fluctuations, sepsis, liver dysfunction, and inflammation contribute to the risk profile for VTE development in ill neonates. In addition, the neonatal hemostatic system is different from that of older children and adults. Platelet function, pro- and anticoagulant proteins concentrations, and fibrinolytic pathway protein concentrations are developmentally regulated and generate a hemostatic homeostasis that is unique to the neonatal time period. The clinical picture of a critically ill neonate combined with the physiologically distinct neonatal hemostatic system easily fulfills the criteria for Virchow’s triad with venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and endothelial injury and puts the neonatal patient at risk for VTE development. The presentation of a VTE in a neonate is similar to that of older children or adults and is dependent upon location of the VTE. Ultrasound is the most common diagnostic tool employed in identifying neonatal VTE, but relatively small vessels of the neonate as well as frequent low pulse pressure can make ultrasound less reliable. The diagnosis of a thrombophilic disorder in the neonatal population is unlikely to change management or outcome, and the role of thrombophilia testing in this population requires further study. Treatment of neonatal VTE is aimed at reducing VTE-associated morbidity and mortality. Recommendations for treating, though, cannot be extrapolated from guidelines for older children or adults. Neonates are at risk for bleeding complications, particularly younger neonates with more fragile intracranial vessels. Developmental alterations in the coagulation proteins as well as unique pharmacokinetics must also be taken into consideration when recommending VTE treatment. In this review, epidemiology of neonatal VTE, pathophysiology of neonatal VTE with particular attention to the developmental hemostatic system, diagnostic evaluations of neonatal VTE, and treatment guidelines for neonatal VTE will be reviewed.
Dynamical Hierarchy and Modularity in Gene Regulatory Networks

SFI WORKING PAPER: 2008-12-049 SFI Working Papers contain accounts of scientific work of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the Santa Fe Institute. We accept papers intended for publication in peer-reviewed journals or proceedings volumes, but not papers that have already appeared in print. Except for papers by our external faculty, papers must be based on work done at SFI, inspired by an invited visit to or collaboration at SFI, or funded by an SFI grant. ©NOTICE: This working paper is included by permission of the contributing author(s) as a means to ensure timely distribution of the scholarly and technical work on a non-commercial basis. Copyright and all rights therein are maintained by the author(s). It is understood that all persons copying this information will adhere to the terms and constraints invoked by each author's copyright. These works may be reposted only with the explicit permission of the copyright holder. www.santafe. edu
Integrating Affective Responses into Game Theory: A Dual Selves Model

This paper develops a method to integrate affective reponses into game theoretical models. We illustrate our method in a team production framework. The model analyzes how concave and convex status preferences for esteem solve the problem of team production under complete and incomplete information about workers’ abilities. Using a dual selves model, we model the choice of effort as a deliberative decision and the expression of esteem as an affective response. Modeling an individual’s affective system as a seperate player allows us to apply standard game-theoretic solution concepts to analyze affective responses.
Automatic Segmentation of Objects of Interest from an Image

In this paper, we propose a novel variational energy formulation for image segmentation. Traditional variational energy formulation for image segmentation like that in [41, 30] only incorporates local region potentials. We introduce a global image data likelihood potential to address the problem that each local region usually contains a portion of incorrectly classified pixels during the iterative energy minimization process. By combining it with local region potentials, we obtain more robust and accurate estimation of the foreground and background distributions. The minimization of the proposed local-global energy is achieved in two steps: the evolution of the foreground and background boundary curve by level set; and the robust estimation of the foreground and background model by fixed-point iteration, called quasi-semisupervised EM, which is particularly suited for the learning problem where some unknown portion of the data are labeled incorrectly. Extensive experimental results including business card extraction, road sign extraction and general object-of-interest segmentation, demonstrate the robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency of the proposedapproach.
Introduction. New Frontiers in the Management of Social Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Course

From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and the Anxiety Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Presented at the symposium “New Frontiers in the Management of Social Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Course. ” This symposium was held in conjunction with the 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May 31, 1998, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and supported by an educational grant from SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals. Reprint requests to: Mark H. Pollack, M.D., Anxiety Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, WACC 815, 15 Parkman St., Boston, MA 02114 (e-mail: mpollack@partners.org). Introduction
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Predictive of Asthma Diary Use Among Women

Background. Current asthma guidelines encourage the use of an asthma diary for patients whose symptoms are not under control, who are being introduced to new treatments, or who need help in identifying environmental or occupational exposures. Despite the potential benefit of diaries in asthma management, gaps in the understanding of their use exist. Our objective was to identify demographic and clinical characteristics predictive of diary use by women with asthma as women patients predominate in asthma among adults and have higher rates of associated asthma management problems. Methods. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the use of a structured asthma diary were examined using data collected from 424 women with asthma over 18 years of age taking part in a randomized controlled study. Data were analyzed using chi-square statistics and logistic regression. Data reported are for women randomized to the intervention arm (N = 424) who were assigned the diary as part of the educational intervention. Results. Older age (OR = 1.614; p < 0.05) and higher education (OR = 1.835; p < 0.05) were associated with diary use. More severe asthma (OR = 0.479; p < 0.01) and a history of smoking (OR = 0.495; p < 0.05) were associated with nonuse of the diary. Conclusions. Both demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with asthma diary use. Clinicians and researchers should anticipate potential differences in use of an asthma diary according to demographic and/or clinical characteristics of female patients.
Performance-based pay is fair, particularly when I perform better: Differential fairness perceptions of allocators and recipients

We examined in two experiments the impact of the roles that people enact (allocator or recipient) and performance attributions (talent or effort) on fairness perceptions of pay systems (performance-based pay or job-based pay). To test the relative effects of the roles that people enact, in the control conditions, participants were asked to evaluate the fairness of both allocation norms from ‘behind a veil of ignorance’ (Rawls, 1971). As hypothesized, the results consistently demonstrate that whereas recipients were biased in their fairness perceptions, allocators tended to be non-biased in their fairness perceptions. The self-interest bias among recipients was particularly strong when talent rather than effort attributions were imposed on them. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The ways in which rewards are distributed within organizations and their relative amounts have considerable impact on employee motivation (Porter, Bigley, & Steers, 2003). Accordingly, pay systems are among the most prominent and frequently discussed features of organizations (Lawler, 1987) and constitute an important element of theorizing and research in social and organizational psychology (e.g. Diekmann, Samuels, Ross, & Bazerman, 1997). The social justice literature has revealed that views about fairness and justice are key determinants of how people react to decisions made and respond to outcomes obtained in organizations and other social situations (for overviews, see Brockner & Wiesenfeld, 1996; Folger & Cropanzano, 1998; Greenberg, 1987; Tyler & Lind, 1992; Van den Bos & Lind, 2002). Because no one pay system can be considered fairest and most motivating under all circumstances, we were interested in the conditions under which a particular pay system is perceived as fairer and more motivating than other pay systems. The main purpose of the present research was to examine under what conditions people perceive performance-based pay as fairer and when they perceive job-based pay to be fairer. Performance-based pay is pay contingent on job performance; that is, employees receive higher salaries when they perform better than their colleagues who occupy positions with identical job descriptions. In contrast, in a job-based pay system, pay is based on the employee’s job description; that is, employees who occupy positions with identical job descriptions receive the same salary, irrespective of their actual job performance.
Inverter models of CMOS gates for supply current and delay evaluation

The subject of this paper is the reduction of transistor-level models of CMOS logic gates to equivalent inverters, for the purpose of computing the supply current in digital circuits. No restrictions are applied to either the number of switching inputs or the transition times and relative delays of the input voltages. The relative positions of the switching inputs are also accounted for in the case of series-connected MOSFET's. When combined with our previously reported CMOS inverter model, the peak current is obtained in a time approximately three orders faster than HSPICE with the level-3 MOSFET model. The corresponding accuracy is around 12%. If the current waveform is required, the speed improvement is about an order less. Since the inverter model also yields the delay at no extra cost, the timing of the current waveforms can be done automatically, without recourse to a timing simulator. Although the emphasis here is on CMOS static gates, the method is applicable to dynamic logic gates as well. >
The Basophil-Specific Ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) as a Marker for Cell Activation and Allergy Diagnosis

Basophils are effector cells of allergic reactions. These cells produce and store a number of vasoactive and immunomodulatory mediators. During an allergic reaction, basophils can release their mediator substances into the extracellular space and thus contribute to the clinical picture and symptoms in allergy. The phenotypic hallmark of basophils is expression of high-affinity IgE receptors (FcΕRI) on their cell surface together with expression of the activation-linked molecule CD203c. This ectoenzyme is located both on the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasmic compartment of basophils. Cross-linking of the FcΕRI by an allergen or anti-IgE antibody results in a rapid upregulation of intracellular CD203c molecules to the cell surface and is accompanied by mediator release. CD203c is therefore a promising target molecule for a flow cytometry-based test to analyze sensitized individuals and patients with type I allergy. In the present article, we review the current knowledge of CD203c with special regard to its tissue distribution and regulation in basophil activation. In addition, we discuss the application of CD203c in allergy diagnosis.
Energy efficient deployment of Wireless Sensor Network by multiple mobile robots

Disaster management is one of the most critical applications that can be performed by a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The optimized deployment of sensor nodes is required for the successful relay of information. This paper proposes the deployment of sensor nodes by multiple autonomous mobile robots in an unexplored large disaster prone territory. The use of multiple robots provides important advantages over human-assisted placement like safety, accurate positioning and flexibility. For accurate location of an event, localization of the sensor nodes is very important which is achieved by using Received Signal Strength (RSS) from anchor nodes and the sensor nodes which act as anchor node after being placed. Placement of node by robots helps in achieving the location information of all the nodes that makes up the network. Communication and coordination between the multiple robots over the sensor nodes is used to achieve accurate localization, faster exploration and network creation. In this study, energy efficient utilization of the sensor node is achieved when it acts as an anchor node as it only responds when it receives the node discover command which a property of Zigbee protocol from the robot placing the sensor nodes. Hardware simulation of the proposed scheme is carried out by using Firebird V robots and Zigbee protocol is used for communication and coordination between the robots.
Decreased perihematomal edema in thrombolysis-related intracerebral hemorrhage compared with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly morbid disease process. Perihematomal edema is reported to contribute to clinical deterioration and death. Recent experimental observations indicate that clotting of the intrahematomal blood is the essential prerequisite for hyperacute perihematomal edema formation rather than blood-brain barrier disruption. METHODS We compared a series of patients with spontaneous ICH (SICH) to a series of patients with thrombolysis-related ICH (TICH). All patients were imaged within 3 hours of clinical onset. We reviewed relevant neuroimaging features, emphasizing and quantifying perihematomal edema. We then analyzed clinical and radiological differences between the 2 ICH types and determined whether these factors were associated with perihematomal edema. RESULTS TICHs contained visible perihematomal edema less than half as often as SICHs (31% versus 69%, P<0.001) and had both lower absolute edema volumes (0 cc [25th, 75th percentiles: 0, 6] versus 6 cc [0, 13], P<0.0001) and relative edema volumes (0.16 [0.10, 0.33] versus 0.55 [0.40, 0.83], P<0.0001). Compared with SICHs, TICHs were 3 times larger in volume (median [25th, 75th percentiles] volume 69 cc [30, 106] versus 21 cc [8, 45], P<0.0001), 4 times more frequently lobar in location (62% versus 15%, P<0.001), 80 times more frequently contained blood-fluid level(s) (86% versus 1%, P<0.001), and were more frequently multifocal (22% versus 0%, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The striking qualitative and quantitative lack of perihematomal edema observed in the thrombolysis-related ICHs compared with the SICHs provides the first substantial, although indirect, human evidence that intrahematomal blood clotting is a plausible pathogenetic factor in hyperacute perihematomal edema formation.
Analysis of Summarization Evaluation Experiments

The goals of my dissertation are: 1) to propose a French terminology for the presentation of evaluation results of automatic summaries, 2) to identify and describe experimental variables in evaluations of automatic summaries, 3) to highlight the most common tendencies, inconsistencies and methodological problems in summarization evaluation experiments, and 4) to make recommendations for the presentation of evaluation results of automatic summaries. In this paper, I focus on the second objective, i.e. identifying and describing variables in summarization evaluation experiments.
20 GHz Power Amplifier Design in 130 nm CMOS

Five different 20 GHz power amplifiers in 130 nm CMOS technology have been designed and characterized. The power amplifiers explore single versus cascode configuration, smaller versus larger transistor sizes, as well as the combination of two amplifiers using power splitters/combiners. A maximum output power of 63 mW at 20 GHz was achieved. Transistor level characterization using load pull measurements on 1 mm gate width transistors yielded 148 mW output power. These numbers are, to the authors' knowledge, the highest reported for CMOS above 10 GHz. Transistor modeling and layout for power amplifiers are also discussed.
Asymptomatic Hyperglycemia and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease in the Elderly

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between asymptomatic hyperglycemia (IGT or newly diagnosed NIDDM) and atherosclerotic vascular disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A representative cross-sectional population sample of 1431 subjects (511 men, 920 women; 65–74 yr old). Altogether, 312 men and 515 women had NGT, 84 men and 158 women had IGT, 33 men and 59 women had newly diagnosed NIDDM, and 82 men and 188 women had previously diagnosed NIDDM. Participation rate was 71%. Main outcome measures were prevalence rates of CHD, stroke, and intermittent claudication. RESULTS There was no difference in the prevalence of definite or possible MI verified at hospital between subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia and NGT (15.5 vs. 13.3% in men, 6.3 vs. 5.3% in women). Men with asymptomatic hyperglycemia had 1.5 × higher prevalence of angina pectoris (29.4 vs. 19.3%, P < 0.05), major Q-QS changes (21.1 vs. 12.0%, P < 0.05), ischemic ECG changes (59 vs. 45%, P < 0.05), and silent MI on ECG (14.8 vs. 7.9%, P < 0.05) compared to men with NGT. Women with asymptomatic hyperglycemia had more often ischemic ECG changes compared to women with NGT (48.3 vs. 39.7%, P < 0.05). There was no difference (NS) in the prevalence of verified stroke (3.5 vs. 4.6% in men, 2.7 vs. 2.5% in women) or claudication (7.0 vs. 7.7% in men, 4.6 vs. 4.3% in women) between subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia and NGT. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the association between risk factors and MI or ischemic ECG changes in subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia was not consistent. CONCLUSION Elderly subjects with asymptomatic hyperglycemia (particularly men) tended to have an increased prevalence of CHD. Thus, asymptomatic hyperglycemia in the elderly is not a benign phenomenon but is associated with cardiovascular morbidity.