Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Context Aware Named Entity Disambiguation

Recently, named entity recognition tools tend to disambiguate recognized named entities on a very detailed level. Instead of elementary types (e.g. Person or Location), they assign concrete identifiers, trying to distinguish even different entities having same name and type (e.g. cities with the same name in different countries). We introduce a novel method for this kind of named entity disambiguation exploiting structural dependencies of recognized entities. We analyse the co-occurrence of disambiguated entities in the backing knowledge base and use this information to improve results of existing named entity disambiguation approaches. A model for co-occurrence representation is proposed and evaluated based on a dataset that we mine from Wikipedia.
Distributing mathematical practice of third and seventh graders: Applicability of the spacing effect in the classroom

Summary We examined the effect of distributed practice on the mathematical performance of third and seventh graders ( N = 213) in school. Students first received an introduction to a mathematical topic, derived from their curriculum. Thereafter, they practiced in one of two conditions. In the massed condition, they worked on three practice sets in 1 day. In the distributed condition, they worked on one practice set per day for 3 consecutive days. Bayesian analyses of the performance in two follow ‐ up tests 1 and 6 weeks after the last practice set revealed a positive effect of distributed practice as compared with massed practice in Grade 7. In Grade 3, a positive effect of distributed practice was supported by the data only in the test 1 week after the last practice set. The results suggest that distributed practice is a powerful learning tool for both elementary and secondary school students in the classroom.
Physical activity classification meeting daily life conditions

Physical activity is one of the key factors in determining the personal health and well-being of human beings in daily life conditions. Healthy ageing and physical activity has a strong association and ageing has become one of the highly concentrated area of research community in the past decade due to the expected increase in the elderly population. A statistical survey published by European Union (EU) in 2012 shows that the elderly population (over 65 years) of Europe, is expected to increase from 87.5 million to 152.6 million (65.1 million increase) during the period from 2010 to 2016 [1]. Physical inactivity and more sedentary life style can lead towards many chronic and life threatening diseases in older adults such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and other lethal diseases. These damages can be controlled by performing various activities and vigorous exercises in daily life, in addition to medications to promote a healthier lifestyle [2].
Gaussian codes and weighted nearest neighbor decoding in fading multiple-antenna channels

We investigate the fading multiple-antenna channel. The decoder is assumed to possess imperfect channel fading information. A modified nearest neighbor decoder with an innovative weighting factor is introduced and an expression for the generalized mutual information (GMI), the achievable rate, is obtained. We show that under certain conditions the achievable rate is equivalent to that of a fading multiple-antenna Gaussian channel where fading is known to the receiver and is equal to the channel estimation, and where noise is due to both the channel noise and the channel estimation error. We show that for our communication scheme, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimator is optimal in the sense that it achieves the highest value of GMI, and hence the highest communication rate. Additionally, a training based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme in a block-fading channel is investigated and it is shown that the number of degrees of freedom depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Semaphorin and neuropilin co-expression in motoneurons sets axon sensitivity to environmental semaphorin sources during motor axon pathfinding

Class III semaphorins (SemaIIIs) are intercellular cues secreted by surrounding tissues to guide migrating cells and axons in the developing organism. This chemotropic activity is crucial for the formation of nerves and vasculature. Intriguingly, SemaIIIs are also synthesized by neurons during axon pathfinding, but their function as intrinsic cues remains unknown. We have explored the role of Sema3A expression in motoneurons during spinal nerve development. Loss- and gain-of-function in the neural tube of the chick embryo were undertaken to target Sema3A expression in motoneurons while preserving Sema3A sources localized in peripheral tissues, known to provide important repulsive information for delineating the routes of motor axons towards their ventral or dorsal targets. Strikingly, Sema3A overexpression induced defasciculation and exuberant growth of motor axon projections into these normally non-permissive territories. Moreover, knockdown studies showed that motoneuronal Sema3A is required for correct spinal nerve compaction and dorsal motor axon extension. Further analysis of Sema3A gain- and loss-of-function in ex vivo models revealed that Sema3A in motoneurons sets the level of sensitivity of their growth cones to exogenous Sema3A exposure. This regulation is associated with post-transcriptional and local control of the availability of the Sema3A receptor neuropilin 1 at the growth cone surface. Thus, by modulating the strength of Sema3A-mediated environmental repulsive constraints, Sema3A in motoneurons enables axons to extend more or less far away from these repulsive sources. Such interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic Sema3A may represent a fundamental mechanism in the accurate specification of axon pathways.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE MULTIPLICITY OF EMBEDDED PROTOSTARS. II. BINARY SEPARATION DISTRIBUTION AND ANALYSIS

We present the Class I protostellar binary separation distribution based on the data tabulated in a companion paper. We verify the excess of Class I binary stars over solar-type main-sequence stars in the separation range from 500 AU to 4500 AU. Although our sources are in nearby star-forming regions distributed across the entire sky (including Orion), none of our objects are in a high stellar density environment. A log–normal function, used by previous authors to fit the main-sequence and T Tauri binary separation distributions, poorly fits our data, and we determine that a log–uniform function is a better fit. Our observations show that the binary separation distribution changes significantly during the Class I phase, and that the binary frequency at separations greater than 1000 AU declines steadily with respect to spectral index. Despite these changes, the binary frequency remains constant until the end of the Class I phase, when it drops sharply. We propose a scenario to account for the changes in the Class I binary separation distribution. This scenario postulates that a large number of companions with a separation greater than ∼1000 AU were ejected during the Class 0 phase, but remain gravitationally bound due to the significant mass of the Class I envelope. As the envelope dissipates, these companions become unbound and the binary frequency at wide separations declines. Circumstellar and circumbinary disks are expected to play an important role in the orbital evolution at closer separations. This scenario predicts that a large number of Class 0 objects should be non-hierarchical multiple systems, and that many Class I young stellar objects (YSOs) with a widely separated companion should also have a very close companion. We also find that Class I protostars are not dynamically pristine, but have experienced dynamical evolution before they are visible as Class I objects. Our analysis shows that the Class I binary frequency and the binary separation distribution strongly depend on the star-forming environment.
Intrinsic Mode selection of transformer vibration signal based on correlation coefficient

In order to extract effectively the characteristics of every condition of transformer from vibration signal, a sensitive Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) selection method which based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is proposed. First, the transformer vibration signal is decomposed by using EEMD, and the sensitive components of obtained IMFs are extracted by using correlation coefficient. Then, the feature vector is constructed with the IMF energy entropy, which is then used as a criterion for the transformer winding state identification. The experimental results verify the validity of the method for fault diagnosis of transformer winding.
No-Reference Quality Assessment for Stereoscopic Images Based on Binocular Quality Perception

Quality perception of 3-D images is one of the most important parameters for accelerating advances in 3-D imaging fields. Despite active research in recent years for understanding the quality perception of 3-D images, binocular quality perception of asymmetric distortions in stereoscopic images is not thoroughly comprehended. In this paper, we explore the relationship between the perceptual quality of stereoscopic images and visual information, and introduce a model for binocular quality perception. Based on this binocular quality perception model, a no-reference quality metric for stereoscopic images is proposed. The proposed metric is a top-down method modeling the binocular quality perception of the human visual system in the context of blurriness and blockiness. Perceptual blurriness and blockiness scores of left and right images were computed using local blurriness, blockiness, and visual saliency information and then combined into an overall quality index using the binocular quality perception model. Experiments for image and video databases show that the proposed metric provides consistent correlations with subjective quality scores. The results also show that the proposed metric provides higher performance than existing full-reference methods even though the proposed method is a no-reference approach.
Adaptive Particle Filter Approach to Approximate Particle Degeneracy

The main problem of particle filter in nonlinear state estimation is the particle degeneracy. It can be overcome by Resampling operation. But Resampling operation leads to the problem of sample impoverishment. Therfoer an algorithm named Variance reduction technique is proposed to solve sample impoverishment and degeneration problem. It reduces the variance of the part icle weights by selecting an exponential fading factor and this factor can be chosen adaptively and iteratively in terms of the effective particle number. Many improved particle filter algorithms were proposed to solve the degeneracy problem which are seemed to be complex. In this paper an algorithm is presented to show that the idea of Variance reduction technique is feasible to propose a new adaptive filter ing algorithm.
Optic Glomeruli and Their Inputs in Drosophila Share an Organizational Ground Pattern with the Antennal Lobes

Studying the insect visual system provides important data on the basic neural mechanisms underlying visual processing. As in vertebrates, the first step in visual processing in insects is through a series of retinotopic neurons. Recent studies on flies have found that these converge onto assemblies of columnar neurons in the lobula, the axons of which segregate to project to discrete optic glomeruli in the lateral protocerebrum. This arrangement is much like the fly's olfactory system, in which afferents target uniquely identifiable olfactory glomeruli. Here, whole-cell patch recordings show that even though visual primitives are unreliably encoded by single lobula output neurons because of high synaptic noise, they are reliably encoded by the ensemble of outputs. At a glomerulus, local interneurons reliably code visual primitives, as do projection neurons conveying information centrally from the glomerulus. These observations demonstrate that in Drosophila, as in other dipterans, optic glomeruli are involved in further reconstructing the fly's visual world. Optic glomeruli and antennal lobe glomeruli share the same ancestral anatomical and functional ground pattern, enabling reliable responses to be extracted from converging sensory inputs.
Pathway Menaquinone Synthesis Occurs through the Hypothetical Protein CT 263 Supports that Chlamydia trachomatis

The obligate intracellular human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent of blinding trachoma and sexually transmitted disease. Genomic sequencing of Chlamydia indicated this medically important bacterium was not exclusively dependent on the host cell for energy. In order for the electron transport chain to function, electron shuttling between membrane embedded complexes requires lipidsoluble quinones (e.g. menaquionone or ubiquinone). The sources or biosynthetic pathways required to obtain these electron carriers within C. trachomatis are poorly understood. The 1.6 Å crystal structure of C. trachomatis hypothetical protein CT263 presented here supports a role in quinone biosynthesis. Although CT263 lacks sequencebased functional annotation, the crystal structure of CT263 displays striking structural similarity to 5 ́-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (MTAN) enzymes. While CT263 lacks the active site-associated dimer interface found in prototypical MTANs, co-crystal structures with product (adenine) or substrate (5 ́-methylthioadenosine) indicate that canonical active site residues are conserved. Enzymatic characterization of CT263 indicates that the futalosine pathway intermediate, 6amino-6-deoxyfutalosine (kcat/Km = 1.8 x 10 M s) but not prototypical MTAN substrates (e.g. S-adenosylhomocysteine and 5 ́methylthioadenosine), are hydrolyzed. Bioinformatic analyses of the chlamydial proteome also support the futalosine pathway towards the synthesis of menaquinone in Chlamydiaceae. This report provides the first experimental support for quinone synthesis in http://www.jbc. org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M114.594325 The latest version is at JBC Papers in Press. Published on September 24, 2014 as Manuscript M114.594325 Copyright 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. at U niersity of K asas L ibaries on O cber 9, 2014 hp://w w w . jb.org/ D ow nladed from Crystal Structure of CT263 (MTAN) from C. trachomatis!
A Novel Defect Inspection Approach Using Image Processing and Support Vector Machines in Bolts

To get rid of the weaknesses of the traditional defect inspection of the bolts, such as low efficiency, high cost, and poor-feasibility, a novel inspection approach for bolt looseness inspection based on the image processing technology using the charge coupled device (CCD) as the image sensor and the support vector machine (SVM) was proposed. The digital image of the tested bolt was collected by a DS-2AE7162-A CCD digital camera and input into computer by an image acquisition device. The original digital image with noise was processed by Gaussian filter and histogram equation to reduce its noise, and located by YCbCr color space. The samples feature descriptions of the bolts were extracted. A linear classifier model for defect inspection which based on the SVM was proposed. Experiments on several datasets demonstrate our approach is characterized by low cost, high efficiency, and easy realized.
Accelerating the creation of customized, language-Specific IDEs in Eclipse

Full-featured integrated development environments have become critical to the adoption of new programming languages. Key to the success of these IDEs is the provision of services tailored to the languages. However, modern IDEs are large and complex, and the cost of constructing one from scratch can be prohibitive. Generators that work from language specifications reduce costs but produce environments that do not fully reflect distinctive language characteristics. We believe that there is a practical middle ground between these extremes that can be effectively addressed by an open, semi-automated strategy to IDE development. This strategy is to reduce the burden of IDE development as much as possible, especially for internal IDE details, while opening opportunities for significant customizations to IDE services. To reduce the effort needed for customization we provide a combination of frameworks, templates, and generators. We demonstrate an extensible IDE architecture that embodies this strategy, and we show that this architecture can be used to produce customized IDEs, with a moderate amount of effort, for a variety of interesting languages.
The Role of Balance in Women's Leadership Self-Identity

This study explores the role balance plays in the leadership self-identity of women college presidents. Their understanding of themselves as leaders reveals the complexity of leadership. Balance goes beyond juggling personal and professional lives and time commitments. It encompasses embracing weaknesses as well as strengths without losing competence or credibility, understanding that self-confidence and missteps are compatible, knowing that language can divide as well as unite, and recognizing that leadership includes loneliness and distance along with connection and praise. Using narrative inquiry, the research examines the following: how these women describe and define themselves as leaders, what personal attributes contribute to their leadership, their past and future career intentions, how their relationships influence their leadership self-identity, and the stories they tell about themselves and their experiences. A clear picture of leadership self-identity as a holistic concept emerges, integrating five critical components""balance, authenticity, leading through relationships, composing a life, and learning. The complexity and nuance of balance as a facet of leadership, and the resulting implications for identifying and selecting leaders, is the focus of this article.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL MULTIPLIERS IN JAPAN

In this paper, we estimate government purchase multipliers for Japan, following the approach used previously for a panel of OECD countries (Auerbach and Gorodnichenko, 2013). This approach allows multipliers to vary smoothly according to the state of the economy and uses real-time forecast data to purge policy innovations of their predictable components. For a sample period extending from 1960 to 2012, estimates for Japan are quite consistent with those previously estimated for the OECD as well as those estimated using a slightly different methodology for the United States (Auerbach and Gorodnichenko, 2012). However, estimates based only on more recent observations are less stable and provide weaker support for the effectiveness of government purchases at stimulating economic activity, particularly in recession, although cyclical patterns in Japan make the dating of recessions a challenge. Alan J. Auerbach Department of Economics 530 Evans Hall, #3880 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-3880 and NBER auerbach@econ.berkeley. edu Yuriy Gorodnichenko Department of Economics 530 Evans Hall #3880 University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-3880 and NBER ygorodni@econ.berkeley. edu
Guiding Visual Surveillance by Tracking Human Attention

We describe a novel method for directing the attention of an automated surveillance system. Our starting premise is that the attention of people in a scene can be used as an indicator of interesting areas and events. To determine people’s attention from passive visual observations we develop a system for automatic tracking and detection of individual heads to infer their gaze direction. The former is achieved by combining a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) based head detector with frame-to-frame tracking using multiple point features to provide stable head images. The latter is achieved using a head pose classification method which uses randomised ferns with decision branches based on both HOG and colour based features to determine a coarse gaze direction for each person in the scene. By building both static and temporally varying maps of areas where people look we are able to identify interesting regions.
Evaluating Analysis Tools for Android Apps: Status Quo and Robustness Against Obfuscation

The recent past has shown that Android smartphones became the most popular target for malware authors. Malware families offer a variety of features that allow, among the others, to steal arbitrary data and to cause significant monetary losses. This circumstances led to the development of many different analysis methods that are aimed to assess the absence of potential harm or malicious behavior in mobile apps. In return, malware authors devised more sophisticated methods to write mobile malware that attempt to thwart such analyses. In this work, we briefly describe assumptions analysis tools rely on to detect malicious content and behavior. We then present results of a new obfuscation framework that aims to break such assumptions, thus modifying Android apps to avoid them being analyzed by the targeted systems. We use our framework to evaluate the robustness of static and dynamic analysis systems for Android apps against such transformations.
Co-ordination of SMES with STATCOM for mitigating SSR and damping power system oscillations in a series compensated wind power system

In recent years, the large penetration of wind power system is considered as an effective means for power production due to this continuously growing nature of wind power system, power utilities does not consider the power quality problems that are issued by the system. They are going for other power system stability analysis. This will produce an integration of large wind power system with the electrical network that are series compensated for ensuring bulk power transfer. But this series compensated transmission system will produce an unwanted effect of subsynchronous resonance. SMES (Super Conducting Magnetic Energy Storage) with STATCOM (Static Compensator) controller provide an efficient damping for Subsynchronous Resonance that will enhance power system stability in addition to real and reactive power compensation. And it will reduce MVA rating required by the STATCOM when it is operated alone. Here output of PV cell is used instead of a constant dc source. This work mainly concentrate for the coordinated operation of STATCOM control with SMES scheme for the series compensated wind power system for damping power system oscillation is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK in power system block set.
Plant nitrogen concentration, use efficiency, and contents in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem under experimental warming

Plant nitrogen (N) relationship has the potential to regulate plant and ecosystem responses strongly to global warming but has not been carefully examined under warmed environments. This study was conducted to examine responses of plant N relationship (i.e. leaf N concentration, N use efficiency, and plant N content in this study) to a 4‐year experimental warming in a tallgrass prairie in the central Great Plains in USA. We measured mass‐based N and carbon (C) concentrations of stem, green, and senescent leaves, and calculated N resorption efficiency, N use efficiency, plant N content, and C : N ratios of five dominant species (two C4 grasses, one C3 grass, and two C3 forbs). The results showed that warming decreased N concentration of both green and senescent leaves, and N resorption efficiency for all species. N use efficiencies and C : N ratios were accordingly higher under warming than control. Total plant N content increased under warming because of warming‐induced increases in biomass production that are larger than the warming‐induced decreases in tissue N concentration. The increases in N contents in both green and senescent plant tissues suggest that warming enhanced both plant N uptake and return through litterfall in the tallgrass ecosystem. Our results also suggest that the increased N use efficiency in C4 grasses is a primary mechanism leading to increased biomass production under warming in the grassland ecosystem.