Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Family Experience: A Reader in Cultural Diversity

* Denotes selections new to this edition. Preface. General Introduction. I.MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVES. 1.The Changing Family: History and Politics. * Stephanie Coontz, Where Are the Good Old Days? Mark Hutter, Immigrant Families in the City. Niara Sudarkasa, Interpreting the African Heritage in Afro-American Family Organization. David Popenoe, Family Decline in America. 2.The Family, Kinship, and the Community. Micaela di Leonardo, The Female World of Cards and Holidays: Women, Families, and the Work of Kinship. Mary Pardo, Mexican American Women Grassroots Community Activists: The Mothers of East Los Angeles. * Nazli Kibria, Household Structure and Family Ideologies: The Dynamics of Immigrant Economic Adaptation Among Vietnamese Refugees. II.GENDER RELATIONS: INEQUALITY, SEXUALITY, AND INTIMACY. 3.Premarital and Mate Selection Relationships. * A. Ayres Boswell and Joan Z. Spade, Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture: Why Are Some Fraternities More Dangerous Places for Women? Egon Mayer, Two Can Make a Revolution. Adele Bahn and Angela Jaquez, One Style of Dominican Bridal Shower. 4.Sexuality, Intimacy, and the Family. Francesca M. Cancian, The Feminization of Love. Kath Weston, Is "Straight" to "Gay" as "Family" Is to "No Family"? 5.Gender Roles, Work, and the Family. * Arlie Russell Hochschild, There's No Place Like Work. * In-Sook Lim, Korean Immigrant Women's Challenge to Gender Inequality at Home: The Interplay of Economic Resources, Gender, and Family. * Maura I. Toro-Morn, Gender, Class, Family, and Migration: Puerto Rican Women in Chicago. III.GENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS. 6.Patterns of Parenthood, Childhood, and Adolescence. * Patricia Hill Collins, Shifting the Center: Race, Class, and Feminist Theorizing About Motherhood. * Elaine Bell Kaplan, Black Teenage Mothers and Their Mothers: The Impact of Adolescent Childbearing on Daughters' Relations with Mothers. * Frances K. Goldscheider and Calvin Goldscheider, Nonfamily Living in Context: Household, the Life Course, and Family Values. 7.The Family and the Elderly. Florentius Chan, To Be Old and Asian: An Unsettling Life in America. * Mark Hutter, Intimate Strangers: The Elderly and the Elderly Health Care Giver Relationships. IV.FAMILIES IN CRISIS AND CHANGE. 8.Family Stress, Crisis, and Violence. John M. Johnson and Kathleen J. Ferraro, The Victimized Self: The Case of Battered Women. * Murray A. Straus, Ten Myths That Perpetuate Corporal Punishment. Steven Vanderstaay, Karla and the Armstrongs: Two Oral Histories of Homeless American Families. 9.Divorce, Remarriage, and the Future of the Family. * Terry Arendell, The Social Self as Gendered: A Masculinist Discourse of Divorce. Paul R. Amato, Life-Span Adjustment of Children to Their Parents' Divorce. * Andrew J. Cherlin and Frank Furstenberg, Jr., Stepfamilies in the United States: A Reconsideration. * Marvin B. Sussman, Families in Time to Come: Taking a Position on Trends and Issues. Notes and References.
Usability of mobile devices and intelligently adapting to a user's needs

Usability is defined in ISO 9241 (1998) as the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Usability in relation to mobile services i.e. services that run on Mobile Phones and PDAs must look at the mobile user and surmise what interfaces for mobile services are appreciated and anticipated by the user. This paper will cover the area of usability issues when developing Mobile services. It will look at the mobile users and will propose a system that will store and utilise users' context information to help a user carry out a task. It will formulate a structure that allows applications to learn the significance and interrelations of people, places, objects and documents. By knowing the significance and relationships between objects and data, applications can always provide the user with the most relevant data and build up a context for user interaction.
Single Parent Families

Major changes are taking place in American and Cana- dian families exerting dramatic influences on family life and the pro- fessional of nursing. This was a recently completed project involving a multidisciplinary team of scholars from across North America that brought together the latest information available on a wide variety of single parent families. The purpose of this chapter is to present a syn- thesis of the demographic, theoretical and research literature that resulted from this project. Following a brief introduction, the authors summarize the changing demographics of single parent families, and present a synthesis of the research literature on the following topics pertinent to single parent families: economics, poverty, homelessness; legal dimensions; single custodial/noncustodial mother/fatherhood fol- lowing divorce; never married teen single parenthood (fathers and mothers); single parenting by grandparents, adoptive parents; widows/ widowers; and finally single parents in families of disabl.
Cross-modal perception of emotional speech

We report on a perception experiment in which Czech participants rate the perceived emotional state of Dutch speakers. These speakers could either display a positive or a negative emotion, which was either real or acted. The Czech participants were confronted with these utterances, which they could not understand, in a bimodal (audio-visual) or a unimodal (audio- or vision-only) condition. It was found that acted emotional speech leads to significantly more extreme perceived emotion scores than non-acted emotional speech, where the difference between acted and real emotional speech is larger for the negative than for the positive conditions. Interestingly, the largest overall differences between acted and non-acted emotions were found for the audio-only condition, which suggests that acting has a particularly strong effect on the spoken realization of emotions.
Characterization of cis-Autoproteolysis of Polycystin-1, the Product of Human Polycystic Kidney Disease 1 Gene*

Polycystin-1 (PC1), the PKD1 gene product, plays a critical role in renal tubule diameter control and disruption of its function causes cyst formation in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Recent evidence shows that PC1 undergoes cleavage at the juxtamembrane G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS), a process likely to be essential for its biological activity. Here we further characterized the proteolytic cleavage of PC1 at the GPS domain. We determined the actual cleavage site to be between leucine and threonine of the tripeptide HLT3049 of human PC1. Cleavage occurs in the early intracellular secretory pathway and requires initial N-glycan attachment but not its subsequent trimming. We provide evidence that the cleavage occurs via a cis-autoproteolytic mechanism involving an ester intermediate as shown for Ntn hydrolases and EMR2.
Fairness-aware sub-optimal relay selection for physical-layer security in AF relaying networks

In this paper, we first investigate the physical-layer security in wireless communication with multiple eavesdroppers. Considering the importance of the fairness among multiple relays, this paper presents the sub-optimal relay selection protocol based on cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the ratio of channel coefficients, which satisfies the security requirement at the same time. We analyze relay fairness by obtaining the expression of relay selection probability and numerical results prove the strict fairness among multiple relays. Meanwhile, the expression of the intercept probability is also presented.
Cono- and seminiphagous insects of Abies alba Mill. in the Gorce National Park in Poland during 1996 – 1998

A study was conducted on the insects infesting seeds and cones of Abies alba Mill. in the Gorce National Park, in southern Poland during 1996 – 1998. A total of 856 cones were collected from 66 trees growing at 11 sites located in partially or strictly protected forest reserves. Of this sample, 217 cones with 54,958 seeds were dissected. This study yielded 5,816 specimens of insects, namely: seminiphagous Resseliella piceae Seitn. , Megastigmus suspectus Borr. as well as conophagous Earomyia impossibile Morge, Barbara herrichiana Obr. and Dioryctria abietella (Den. et Schiff.). The most abundant species was R. piceae with 4,186 individuals. The index of cone infestation was calculated. It showed great variability between forest reserves and study-years. The numbers of insect individuals, numbers of viable and infertile seeds, and seeds damaged by M. suspectus and R. piceae, in both strict and partial reserves in the consecutive years were compared statistically. The test of significant differences between two frequencies at 0.05 level was used in statistical analysis. In both strict and partial reserves, statistically significant differences were found between studied variables.
Turnover of Sex Chromosomes in the Stickleback Fishes (Gasterosteidae)

Diverse sex-chromosome systems are found in vertebrates, particularly in teleost fishes, where different systems can be found in closely related species. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the rapid turnover of sex chromosomes, including the transposition of an existing sex-determination gene, the appearance of a new sex-determination gene on an autosome, and fusions between sex chromosomes and autosomes. To better understand these evolutionary transitions, a detailed comparison of sex chromosomes between closely related species is essential. Here, we used genetic mapping and molecular cytogenetics to characterize the sex-chromosome systems of multiple stickleback species (Gasterosteidae). Previously, we demonstrated that male threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have a heteromorphic XY pair corresponding to linkage group (LG) 19. In this study, we found that the ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) has a heteromorphic XY pair corresponding to LG12. In black-spotted stickleback (G. wheatlandi) males, one copy of LG12 has fused to the LG19-derived Y chromosome, giving rise to an X1X2Y sex-determination system. In contrast, neither LG12 nor LG19 is linked to sex in two other species: the brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) and the fourspine stickleback (Apeltes quadracus). However, we confirmed the existence of a previously reported heteromorphic ZW sex-chromosome pair in the fourspine stickleback. The sex-chromosome diversity that we have uncovered in sticklebacks provides a rich comparative resource for understanding the mechanisms that underlie the rapid turnover of sex-chromosome systems.
Localization of epidermal growth factor receptor in hepatocyte nuclei

Experiments undertaken to investigate the binding of epidermal growth factor by hepatocyte nuclei showed that: (a) isolated nuclei from both normal and regenerating rat liver are capable of binding 125I‐epidermal growth factor, (b) the nuclear epidermal growth factor‐binding protein is similar in molecular weight to the plasma membrane epidermal growth factor receptor, (c) monoclonal antibodies produced against the plasma membrane epidermal growth factor receptor recognize the nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor and (d) the nuclear receptor has an affinity for epidermal growth factor comparable to that of the plasma membrane receptor, but fewer (∼ 10%) nuclear receptors are available per protein unit compared with the plasma membrane. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:15–20).
Sex Differences in the Pressor and Tubuloglomerular Feedback Response to Angiotensin II

Awareness of sex differences in the pathology of cardiovascular disease is increasing. Previously, we have shown a role for the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) in the sex differences in the arterial pressure response to Ang II. Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) contributes in setting pressure-natriuresis properties, and its responsiveness is closely coupled to renal Ang II levels. We hypothesize that, in females, the attenuated pressor response to Ang II is mediated via an enhanced AT2R mechanism that, in part, offsets Ang II–induced sensitization of the TGF mechanism. Mean arterial pressure was measured via telemetry in male and female wild-type (WT) and AT2R knockout (AT2R-KO) mice receiving Ang II (600 ng/kg per minute SC). Basal 24-hour mean arterial pressure did not differ among the 4 groups. After 10 days of Ang II infusion, mean arterial pressure increased in the male WT (28±6 mm Hg), male AT2R-KO (26±2 mm Hg), and female AT2R-KO (26±4 mm Hg) mice, however, the response was attenuated in female WT mice (12±4 mm Hg; P between sex and genotype=0.016). TGF characteristics were determined before and during acute subpressor Ang II infusion (100 ng/kg per minute IV). Basal TGF responses did not differ between groups. The expected increase in maximal change in stop-flow pressure and enhancement of TGF sensitivity in response to Ang II was observed in the male WT, male AT2R-KO, and female AT2R-KO but not in the female WT mice (P between sex and genotype <0.05; both). In conclusion, these data indicate that an enhanced AT2R-mediated pathway counterbalances the hypertensive effects of Ang II and attenuates the Ang II–dependent resetting of TGF activity in females. Thus, the enhancement of the AT2R may, in part, underlie the protection that premenopausal women demonstrate against cardiovascular disease.
Exercise training program in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of an 8-month training program with standardized exercises on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. DESIGN Pragmatic randomized controlled clinical trial with blinded outcome evaluation between July 2005 and October 2006. SETTING Participants were recruited from 4 schools for special education in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS A total of 86 children with cerebral palsy (aged 7-18 years) classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System level I or II. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to either the training group (n = 32) or the control group (n = 33). The training group met twice per week for 45 minutes to circuit train in a group format that focused on aerobic and anaerobic exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Aerobic capacity was assessed by the 10-m shuttle run test, and anaerobic capacity was assessed by the Muscle Power Sprint Test. Secondary outcome measures included agility, muscle strength, self-competence, gross motor function, participation level, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS A significant training effect was found for aerobic (P < .001) and anaerobic capacity (P = .004). A significant effect was also found for agility (P < .001), muscle strength (P < .001), and athletic competence (P = .005). The intensity of participation showed a similar effect for formal (P < .001), overall (P = .002), physical (P = .005), and skilled-based activities (P < .001). On the health-related quality of life measure, a significant improvement was found for the motor (P = .001), autonomy (P = .02), and cognition (P = .04) domains. CONCLUSIONS An exercise training program improves physical fitness, participation level, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy when added to standard care. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN77274716.
Spatial regulation of APCCdh1-induced cyclin B1 degradation maintains G2 arrest in mouse oocytes

Within the mammalian ovary, oocytes remain arrested at G2 for several years. Then a peri-ovulatory hormonal cue triggers meiotic resumption by releasing an inhibitory phosphorylation on the kinase Cdk1. G2 arrest, however, also requires control in the concentrations of the Cdk1-binding partner cyclin B1, a process achieved by anaphase-promoting complex (APCCdh1) activity, which ubiquitylates and so targets cyclin B1 for degradation. Thus, APCCdh1 activity prevents precocious meiotic entry by promoting cyclin B1 degradation. However, it remains unresolved how cyclin B1 levels are suppressed sufficiently to maintain arrest but not so low that they make oocytes hormonally insensitive. Here, we examined spatial control of this process by determining the intracellular location of the proteins involved and using nuclear-targeted cyclin B1. We found that raising nuclear cyclin B1 concentrations, an event normally observed in the minutes before nuclear envelope breakdown, was a very effective method of inducing the G2/M transition. Oocytes expressed only the α-isoform of Cdh1, which was predominantly nuclear, as were Cdc27 and Psmd11, core components of the APC and the 26S proteasome, respectively. Furthermore, APCCdh1 activity appeared higher in the nucleus, as nuclear-targeted cyclin B1 was degraded at twice the rate of wild-type cyclin B1. We propose a simple spatial model of G2 arrest in which nuclear APCCdh1-proteasomal activity guards against any cyclin B1 accumulation mediated by nuclear import.
Victimization Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis quantitatively compiled the results of studies from 1992 to 2009 to determine the prevalence and types of victimization experienced by lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. Based on the results of three searches, 386 studies were retrieved and coded. Comparisons were made across all LGB individuals (138 studies), between LGB and heterosexual individuals (65 studies), and between LGB females and males (53 studies), with over 500,000 participants. Multiple types of victimization were coded, including discrimination, physical assault, and school victimization. Findings revealed that for LGB individuals, reports of victimization experiences were substantial (e.g., 55% experienced verbal harassment, and 41% experienced discrimination) and some types have increased since a 1992 review, while others have decreased. LGB individuals experienced greater rates of victimization than heterosexual individuals (range: d = .04–.58). LGB males experienced some types of victimization more than LGB females (e.g., weapon assault and being robbed) but, overall, the gender differences were small. It can be concluded that LGB individuals still experience a substantial amount of victimization. Implications for research methods are discussed, including recommendations for sampling and measurement of victimization. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Journal of Sex Research for the following free supplemental resource(s): Supplementary Tables. These tables are referred to in the text of this article as “Table S1,” “Table S2,” etc.]
How have new sterilization techniques and new forms of polyethylene influenced wear in total joint replacement?

&NA; Polyethylene has undergone many changes over the past several decades, including changes in consolidation processes, resin types, sterilization methods, packaging, and the extent of cross‐linking. We believe that new sterilization techniques and forms of polyethylene have generally improved wear performance. Polyethylene sterilized without the use of radiation has been shown to have relatively high rates of wear in vivo. Ram‐extruded polyethylene sterilized via gamma irradiation in air has been the most commonly used bearing material in the past several decades. Recently, components molded and gamma‐sterilized without oxygen as well as highly cross‐linked material have found increased clinical use. Exposure of polyethylene to radiation, either to sterilize it or to intentionally cross‐link it, has been shown to improve the wear performance of the material. Newer secondgeneration methods of cross‐linking polyethylene include the use of vitamin E, which quenches free radicals and demonstrates promise in providing low wear and desirable mechanical properties.
PSO/FDTD Optimization Technique for Designing UWB In-Phase Power Divider for Linear Array Antenna Application

This letter presents the design of a compact planar in-phase power divider with ultrawideband (UWB) performance. The device consists of three T-shaped microstrip lines arranged in parallel to each other on one side of the dielectric substrate that are electromagnetically coupled with an H-shaped slot etched on its ground plane. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) are combined to achieve the optimal power divider design for a given specification. The measured results show the transition of the signal between the T-shaped microstrip line and the ground-plane slot divides power equally, with relatively low insertion loss, good return loss, high stability of phase, and high isolation between the two output ports across the UWB frequency band defined between 3.1-10.6 GHz. The power divider is compact in size, occupying an area of 15 × 32 mm2. These features make it suitable for linear array antennas.
Essential role of S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in mouse embryonic development

Background: S‐Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of spermidine and spermine, which are essential for normal cell growth. To examine the role of polyamines in embryogenesis, we carried out targeted disruption of the mouse Amd1 gene, encoding AdoMetDC, to generate mice that can not synthesize spermidine and spermine.
Kinetics of rifampicin and isoniazid administered alone and in combination to normal subjects and patients with liver disease

The possible existence of kinetic interactions between rifampicin and isoniazid and the effect of the concomitant presence of an impaired liver function were investigated in man. In a first study normal healthy subjects and patients with chronic liver disease received, on three different occasions, a single dose of 600 mg rifampicin or isoniazid and of rifampicin and isoniazid associated in randomized sequences. The results have shown that in both groups the serum levels, half-life values, and urinary excretion of each drug given alone are not significantly different from those observed when the other drug is associated. Serum levels and half-life of rifampicin and isoniazid were significantly higher in patients with chronically impaired liver. In a second study, rifampicin and isoniazid were given in combination at the same doses as in the first study over a period of one week. The results have shown a trend to decrease in the serum levels of rifampicin of the healthy subjects and a trend to increase in the patients with chronic liver disease on day 7 of treatment. In both groups a reduction in the half-life of rifampicin was also observed. No changes in serum isoniazid concentrations were observed between day 1 and day 7 in the healthy subjects, whereas a significant increase was observed in the patients. No significant changes in the half-life of isoniazid were observed.
Interactive simulation of a deformable hand for haptic rendering

Operations such as object manipulation and palpation rely on the fine perception of contact forces, both in time and space. Haptic simulation of grasping, with the rendering of contact forces resulting from the manipulation of virtual objects, requires realistic yet interactive models of hand mechanics. This paper presents a model for interactive simulation of the skeletal and elastic properties of a human hand, allowing haptic grasping of virtual objects with soft finger contact. The novel aspects of the model consist of a simple technique to couple skeletal and elastic elements, an efficient dynamics solver in the presence of joints and contact constraints, and an algorithm that connects the simulation to a haptic device.