Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Groups

The chapter begins with a distinction made between the interactions children have with peers, the relationships they form with peers, and the groups and networks within which peer interactions and relationships occur. From this conceptual overview, a review of relevant theories is presented. Thereafter, a developmental perspective of peer interactions, relationships, and groups is presented covering the periods of infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Subsequently, methods and measures pertaining to the study of children's peer experiences are described. Next, we examine factors that may account for peer acceptance and rejection as well as qualitatively rich and poor friendships. Among the factors discussed are included temperament (biological factors), sex of child, parenting, parent-child relationships, and culture. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the extent to which individual differences in peer acceptance, rejection and friendship (prevalence and quality) predict adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes and a suggested agenda for future research. Keywords: friendship; peer interactions; peer relationships; peer rejection; social acceptance; social competence
A cross-language personalized recommendation model in digital libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a cross‐language personalized recommendation model based on web log mining, which can recommend academic articles, in different languages, to users according to their demands.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed model takes advantage of web log data archived in digital libraries and learns user profiles by means of integration analysis of a user's multiple online behaviors. Moreover, keyword translation was carried out to eliminate language dissimilarity between user and item profiles. Finally, article recommendation can be achieved using various existing algorithms.Findings – The proposed model can recommend articles in different languages to users according to their demands, and the integration analysis of multiple online behaviors can help to better understand a user's interests.Practical implications – This study has a significant implication for digital libraries in non‐English countries, since English is the most popular language in current aca.
Receiver Performance of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the International Space Station

Superconducting devices were used to make atmospheric limb observations from space for the first time. The Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) is a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) receiver in frequency bands of 625 and 650 GHz. SMILES was deployed on the International Space Station. SMILES observed atmospheric limb spectra for six months from October 2009 to April 2010. The sensitivity of the receiver is the most important performance parameter for microwave atmospheric limb observation, in which the receiver measures, sometimes very weak, thermal line emissions. The SMILES SIS receivers demonstrated limb observations with a sensitivity more than one order of magnitude better than that of conventional limb sensors. The sensitivity of the SMILES receivers in space was 315 K-322 K in a definition of single-sideband system noise temperature at the antenna; this met the instrument requirement with a large margin. The SMILES-receiver stability also met the requirement; the stability time of the receiver was 8 s (and 500 s for spectroscopic data) in a frequency resolution of about 1.1 MHz. Although the stability time is shorter than the calibration period (53 s) in operational observation, the variance increment by the drift noise is found to be insignificant. The temperature resolution for the continuum signal is estimated to be better than 0.27 K. There was no evidence that the stability of the SIS receiver was influenced by the temperature fluctuation of the 4-K cooling system, which consists of a two-stage Stirling cooler and a Joule-Thomson cycle cooler. The suppression of baseline ripples is another important performance parameter of the receiver for spectral measurement like the SMILES receivers. As a result of our design of low-standing-wave optics, we found no baseline ripple in the observed spectra of SMILES in practical level.
New Multimodal Biometric Approach with Two Score Level Combination Strategies

Biometrics is the science of verifying the identity of an individual through physiological measurements or behavioral traits. Since biometric identifiers are associated permanently with the user they are more reliable than token or knowledge based authentication methods. The anatomy of human fingers is quite complicated and largely responsible for the individuality of fingerprints and finger veins. The conventional level-1 fingerprint features, which illustrate macro finger detail such as ridge flow and pattern type, can be extracted from the low-resolution fingerprint images. The acquired finger images are noisy with rotational and translational variations resulting from unconstrained (peg- free) imaging. According to aforementioned issues my paper focuses on a new approach for personal identification that utilizes simultaneously acquired finger-vein and finger surface (texture) images is presented. A new approach for both the finger-vein and finger texture identification is illustrated, which achieves significant improvement in the performance over previously proposed approaches. The finger-vein identification approach utilizes peg-free and more user-friendly unconstrained imaging. I have used Matlab R2012a for the simulation of finger and vein recognition with the help of Image processing tools.
Evaluation of the Degree of Malignancy of Lung Nodules in Computed Tomography Images

In lung cancer diagnosis, the design of robust Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems needs to include an adequate differentiation of benign from malignant nodules. This paper presents a CAD system for the classification of lung nodules in chest Computed Tomography (CT) scans as the way to diagnose lung cancer. The proposed method measures a set of 295 heterogeneous characteristics, including morphology, intensity or texture features, that were used as input of different KNN and SVM classifiers. The system was modeled and trained using a groundtruth provided by specialists taken from a public lung image dataset, the Lung Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI). This image dataset includes chest CT scans with lung nodule location together with information about the degree of malignancy, among other properties, provided by multiple expert clinicians. In particular, the computed degree of malignancy try to follow the manual labeling by the different radiologists. Promising results were obtained with a first order SVM with an exponential kernel achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 96.2 ± 0.5% when compared with the groundtruth provided in the public CT lung image dataset.
Mathematical modeling reveals threshold mechanism in CD95-induced apoptosis

Mathematical modeling is required for understanding the complex behavior of large signal transduction networks. Previous attempts to model signal transduction pathways were often limited to small systems or based on qualitative data only. Here, we developed a mathematical modeling framework for understanding the complex signaling behavior of CD95(APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis. Defects in the regulation of apoptosis result in serious diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegeneration. During the last decade many of the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis signaling have been examined and elucidated. A systemic understanding of apoptosis is, however, still missing. To address the complexity of apoptotic signaling we subdivided this system into subsystems of different information qualities. A new approach for sensitivity analysis within the mathematical model was key for the identification of critical system parameters and two essential system properties: modularity and robustness. Our model describes the regulation of apoptosis on a systems level and resolves the important question of a threshold mechanism for the regulation of apoptosis.
Sensory discrimination, working memory and intelligence in 9-year-old and 11-year-old children

More than a century ago, Galton and Spearman suggested that there was a functional relationship between sensory discrimination ability and intelligence. Studies have since been able to confirm a close relationship between general discrimination ability (GDA) and IQ. The aim of the present study was to assess whether this strong relationship between GDA and IQ could be due to working memory (WM) demands of GDA tasks. A sample of 140 children (seventy 9-year-olds and seventy 11-year-olds) was studied. Results showed that there was a significant overlap between WM, GDA and fluid intelligence. Furthermore, results also revealed that WM could not explain the relationship between GDA and fluid intelligence as such, but that it acted as a bottleneck of information processing, limiting the influence of GDA on the prediction of fluid intelligence. Specifically, GDA’s influence on the prediction of intelligence was only visible when WM capacity was above a certain level. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproductive outcomes in families of DBCP-exposed men.

The families of 30 workers employed in a plant which, until 1977, had produced 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), have been monitored for 5 yr. Thirteen men who were azoospermic in 1977 had more than 100 hr of estimated exposure in production; of these, 4 have recovered spermatogenesis and 2 have fathered 4 female children. Eight men who were oligospermic in 1977 had been exposed for 34-95 hr; of 8 children subsequently born to their wives, 6 were female. Five men with exposure times estimated to be between 10 and 60 hr were normospermic in 1977, and of 5 children subsequently born to them, 4 were male and 1 was female. The outcome of the pregnancies among families of 4 non-exposed men and of exposed men prior to exposure resulted in 27 male and 24 female children. No increase in spontaneous abortion occurred in pregnancies fathered by exposed men. Four infant deaths and 5 congenital anomalies occurred among the babies born of unexposed pregnancies. No infant or fetal deaths and no congenital abnormalities occurred among children born to wives of men after the men were exposed. The birth of at least 10 females of 12 babies born to wives of exposed men with evidence of testicular toxicity would be expected according to binomial probabilities with a P = . 015. The children born to families of exposed workers are in good health. A possible explanation for the observed female sex predominance might be Y chromosome non-disjunction, which was reported to be more frequent in sperm of DBCP workers by Kapp et al.
Procedure linkage optimization working paper

This paper discusses the desirability of procedure linkage optimization and sketches a general theory of interpretive semantics which is motivated by technical problems in specifying and validating program transformations that optimize procedure linkages. One particular transformation is treated in detail.Recursive ALGOL 60 procedures sometimes pass parameters by name in such a way that the general thunk mechanism is unnecessary and inefficient. We present an optimization which detects this kind of call-by-name and implements it thunklessly. We prove that the transformation preserves semantics and we discuss the effect on running time and memory management.
SGLT2 Deletion Improves Glucose Homeostasis and Preserves Pancreatic β-Cell Function

OBJECTIVE Inhibition of the Na+-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) is currently being pursued as an insulin-independent treatment for diabetes; however, the behavioral and metabolic consequences of SGLT2 deletion are unknown. Here, we used a SGLT2 knockout mouse to investigate the effect of increased renal glucose excretion on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SGLT2 knockout mice were fed regular chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks, or backcrossed onto the db/db background. The analysis used metabolic cages, glucose tolerance tests, euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps, as well as isolated islet and perifusion studies. RESULTS SGLT2 deletion resulted in a threefold increase in urine output and a 500-fold increase in glucosuria, as well as compensatory increases in feeding, drinking, and activity. SGLT2 knockout mice were protected from HFD-induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance and had reduced plasma insulin concentrations compared with controls. On the db/db background, SGLT2 deletion prevented fasting hyperglycemia, and plasma insulin levels were also dramatically improved. Strikingly, prevention of hyperglycemia by SGLT2 knockout in db/db mice preserved pancreatic β-cell function in vivo, which was associated with a 60% increase in β-cell mass and reduced incidence of β-cell death. CONCLUSIONS Prevention of renal glucose reabsorption by SGLT2 deletion reduced HFD- and obesity-associated hyperglycemia, improved glucose intolerance, and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. Taken together, these data support SGLT2 inhibition as a viable insulin-independent treatment of type 2 diabetes.
ORAL GLUCOSE INHIBITS GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION INDUCED BY HUMAN PANCREATIC GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR 1–44 IN NORMAL MAN

The interaction between the inhibitory effect on growth hormone secretion of a 75 g oral glucose load and the stimulatory effect of human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor 1–44 (hpGRF 1–44, 10 μg i.v.) has been studied in six normal subjects. hpGRF 1–44 alone induced a rise in growth hormone concentrations (maximum mean ± SEM, 16–5 ± 1.7 mU/1 15 min after injection) while growth hormone levels were suppressed by oral glucose alone (& < 1 ‐5 mU/1 from 45 to 135 min after glucose ingestion). When hpGRF 1–44 was injected 60 min after oral glucose, the growth hormone response was attenuated (maximum, 6.7±1.4 mU/1 at 15 min, P<005). Increments of blood glucose within the physiological range diminish the growth hormone response to hpGRF 1‐44 in normal man.
Enzyme-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeting Myeloperoxidase Identifies Active Inflammation in Experimental Rabbit Atherosclerotic Plaques

Background— Inflammation undermines the stability of atherosclerotic plaques, rendering them susceptible to acute rupture, the cataclysmic event that underlies clinical expression of this disease. Myeloperoxidase is a central inflammatory enzyme secreted by activated macrophages and is involved in multiple stages of plaque destabilization and patient outcome. We report here that a unique functional in vivo magnetic resonance agent can visualize myeloperoxidase activity in atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model. Methods and Results— We performed magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic aorta of New Zealand White rabbits fed a cholesterol (n=14) or normal (n=4) diet up to 2 hours after injection of the myeloperoxidase sensor bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd) [MPO(Gd)], the conventional agent DTPA(Gd), or an MPO(Gd) analog, bis-tyr-DTPA(Gd), as controls. Delayed MPO(Gd) images (2 hours after injection) showed focal areas of increased contrast (>2-fold) in diseased wall but not in normal wall (P=0.84) compared with both DTPA(Gd) (n=11; P<0.001) and bis-tyr-DTPA(Gd) (n=3; P<0.05). Biochemical assays confirmed that diseased wall possessed 3-fold elevated myeloperoxidase activity compared with normal wall (P<0.01). Areas detected by MPO(Gd) imaging colocalized and correlated with myeloperoxidase-rich areas infiltrated by macrophages on histopathological evaluations (r=0.91, P<0.0001). Although macrophages were the main source of myeloperoxidase, not all macrophages secreted myeloperoxidase, which suggests that distinct subpopulations contribute differently to atherogenesis and supports our functional approach. Conclusions— The present study represents a unique approach in the detection of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques by examining macrophage function and the activity of an effector enzyme to noninvasively provide both anatomic and functional information in vivo.
A New Algorithm to Represent Texture Images

In recent times the spatial autoregressive models have been extensively used to represent images. In this paper we propose an algorithm to represent and reproduce texture images based on the estimation of spatial autoregressive processes. The image intensity is locally modeled by a first spatial autoregressive model with support in a strongly causal prediction region on the plane. A basic criteria to quantify similarity between two images is used to locally select this region among four different possibilities, corresponding to the four strongly causal regions on the plane. Two global image similarity measures are used to evaluate the performance of our proposal.
An Efficient Attribute Based Schema for Trust and Cluster Based Authentication Mechanism in MANET

A mobile adhoc network is wireless communication network that have been collection of nodes with no fixed infrastructure and are able to discover the nearby node with lack of centralized control . Due to this lack of security issues occurs, so protecting the data or node in the network is essential in MANET. In recent works distributed system are mostly depend on key distribution and management system to make security. In this paper aims at providing the more secure and distributed authentication service. In existing system propose a secure public key authentication service based on a trust model and a network model to prevent nodes from obtaining false public keys of the others when there are malicious nodes in the networks. Using the public key authentication model, it is important to reduce the key distribution complexity in MANET. Proposed system we implement an attribute based encryption schema, when only user one-to-many encryption method, where only users having the proper attributes can decrypt their original message that are received from the network . Because the Security of information have been become an important issue in MANET. Here the Encryption has been become a solution and plays important role in information security system. This protection mechanism uses some algorithms to rush data into unreadable text which can be only being decoded or decrypted by party those possesses the associated key. Corresponding encryption methods are RSA, AES with each of them having own private and public key. Experimental results evaluate the overall performance of the system with time; it indicates the proposed system providing more security than the existing distributed authentication schema.
SILA: a spatial instance learning approach for deep webpages

Deep Web pages convey very relevant information for different application domains like e-government, e-commerce, social networking. For this reason there is a constant high interest in efficiently, effectively and automatically extracting data from Deep Web data sources. In this paper we present SILA, a novel Spatial Instance Learning Approach, that allows for extracting data records from Deep Web pages by exploiting both the spatial arrangement and the presentation features of data items/fields produced by layout engines of Web browsers in visualizing Deep Web pages on the screen. SILA is independent from the internal HTML encodings of Web pages, and allows for recognizing data records in pages having multiple data regions in which data items are arranged by many different presentation layouts. Experimental results show that SILA has very high precision and recall and that it works much better than MDR and ViNTs approaches.
Fine‐scale spatial genetic structure and dispersal among spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) breeding populations

We examined fine‐scale genetic variation among breeding aggregations of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) to quantify dispersal, interpopulation connectivity and population genetic structure. Spotted salamanders rely on temporary ponds or wetlands for aggregate breeding. Adequate breeding sites are relatively isolated from one another and field studies suggest considerable adult site fidelity; therefore, we expected to find population structure and differentiation at small spatial scales. We used microsatellites to estimate population structure and dispersal among 29 breeding aggregations in Tompkins County, New York, USA, an area encompassing 1272 km2. Bayesian and frequency‐based analyses revealed fine‐scale genetic structure with two genetically defined demes: the North deme included seven breeding ponds, and the South deme included 13 ponds. Nine ponds showed evidence of admixture between these two genetic pools. Bayesian assignment tests for detection of interpopulation dispersal indicate that immigration among ponds is common within demes, and that certain populations serve as sources of immigrants to neighbouring ponds. Likewise, spatial genetic correlation analyses showed that populations ≤ 4.8 km distant from each other show significant genetic correlation that is not evident at higher scales. Within‐population levels of relatedness are consistently larger than expected if mating were completely random across ponds, and in the case of a few ponds, within‐population processes such as inbreeding or reproductive skew contribute significantly to differentiation from neighbouring ponds. Our data underscore the importance of these within‐population processes as a source of genetic diversity across the landscape, despite considerable population connectivity. Our data further suggest that spotted salamander breeding groups behave as metapopulations, with population clusters as functional units, but sufficient migration among demes to allow for potential rescue and recolonization. Amphibian habitats are becoming increasingly fragmented and a clear understanding of dispersal and patterns of population connectivity for taxa with different ecologies and life histories is crucial for their conservation.
Robust digital image stabilization based on spatial-location-invariant criterion

In this paper, a robust digital image stabilization (DIS) algorithm based on a spatial-location-invariant criterion is proposed to estimate the local motion vectors in jitter videos. In the algorithm, the feature points are detected by sub-region Harris detector and matched by cross diamond hexagon search algorithm, and then in order to obtain accurate local motion vectors, the presented criterion called spatial-location-invariant is used to remove those points that error-matching or in moving objects. With these vectors, the global motion vector is computed by least-squares algorithm in similarity motion model. Finally the real motion model is applied to motion compensation. The experimental results show that the proposed DIS technique can deal with arbitrary rotation, translation, and is robust to foreground moving objects.