Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise training enhances cerebrovascular pulsatility response to acute aerobic exercise in older adults

The brain's low resistance ensures a robust blood flow throughout systole and diastole and is susceptible to flow pulsatility. Increased cerebral pulsatility contributes to the progression of cerebrovascular disease. Although aerobic exercise affects vascular function, little is known about the effect of exercise on the cerebral pulsatility index in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on the post‐exercise cerebral pulsatility response in older adults. Ten healthy older adults participated in a 12‐week exercise training intervention. Before and after the intervention, we measured the pulsatility index of the middle cerebral artery by means of transcranial Doppler method at baseline and following a cycling exercise bout performed at an intensity corresponding to the ventilatory threshold. Before exercise training, there was no significant change in the cerebral pulsatility response to an acute bout of cycling exercise. However, after the intervention, cerebral pulsatility decreased significantly following 30 min of an acute cycling exercise (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that cerebral pulsatility index did not change following an acute bout of cycling exercise at an intensity corresponding to ventilatory threshold, but that, after 12 weeks of exercise training, cerebral pulsatility index was reduced at 30 min after a single bout of cycling exercise. These results suggest that long‐term aerobic exercise training may enhance the post‐exercise reduction in pulsatility index in older adults.
Critical factors in the performance of hyperNEAT

HyperNEAT is a popular indirect encoding method for evolutionary computation that has performed well on a number of benchmark tasks. This paper presents a series of experiments designed to examine the critical factors for its success. First, we determine the fewest hidden nodes a genotypic network needs to solve several of these tasks. Our results show that all of these tasks are easy: they can be solved with at most one hidden node and require generating only trivial regular patterns. Then, we examine how HyperNEAT performs when the tasks are made harder. Our results show that HyperNEAT's performance decays quickly: it fails to solve all variants of these tasks that require more complex solutions. Next, we examine the hypothesis that fracture in the problem space, known to be challenging for regular NEAT, is even more so for HyperNEAT. Our results suggest that quite complex networks are needed to cope with fracture and HyperNEAT can have difficulty discovering them. Finally, we connect these results to previous experiments showing that HyperNEAT's performance decreases on irregular tasks. Our results suggest irregularity is an extreme form of fracture and that HyperNEAT's limitations are thus more severe than those experiments suggested.
Study of antioxidant activity of sheep visceral protein hydrolysate: Optimization using response surface methodology

BACKGROUND The main objective of this experiment was optimal use of none edible protein source to increase nutritional value of production with high biological function, including antioxidant activity. METHODS Sheep visceral (stomach and intestine) was used as substrate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize hydrolysis conditions for preparing protein hydrolysate from the sheep visceral, using alcalase 2.4 l enzyme. The investigated factors were temperature (43-52 °C), time (90-180 min), and enzyme/substrate ratio [60-90 Anson-unit (AU)/kg protein] to achieve maximum antioxidant activity. Experiments were designed according to the central composite design. RESULTS Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on responses (P < 0.05). Optimal conditions to achieve antioxidant activity were, temperature (48.27 °C), time (158.78), min and enzyme/substrate ratio (83.35) Anson-unit/kg protein. Under these conditions, antioxidant activity was 68.21%, R2 for model was 0.983. The values indicated the high accuracy of the model to predict the reaction conditions considering different variables. The chemical analysis of protein hydrolysate showed high protein content (83.78%) and low fat content (0.34%). CONCLUSION Our results showed that protein hydrolysate of sheep visceral, can be used as a natural antioxidant with high nutritional value.
Efficient monitoring to detect wireless channel failures for MPI programs

In the last few years the use of wireless technology has increased by leaps and bounds and as a result powerful portable computers with wireless cards are viable nodes in parallel distributed computing. In this scenario it is natural to consider the possibility of frequent failures in the wireless channel. In MPI programs, such wireless network behavior is reflected as communication failure. Although the MPI standard does not handle failures, there are some projects that address this issue. To the best of our knowledge there is no previous work that presents a practical solution for fault-handling in MPI programs that run on wireless environments. We present a mechanism at the application level, that combined with wireless network monitoring software detects these failures and warns MPI applications to enable them to take appropriate action.
Knowledge in co-management

Co-management institutions have generally been limited to implementation and have not extended user participation to include the knowledge basis for management decisions. This paper discusses some of the fundamental problems involved if such an extension were to be developed. One set of problems relate to the alienation of the immediate users from the formalised research knowledge which generally is used as the knowledge basis for mainstream modern fisheries management due to the different scales of observation used by formalised research and the immediate resource users and the requirement for predictability which is inherent in many modern management implementations. This set of problems may be reduced through the use of indicators of pressures and state of the resource system which are based on softer predictability requirements and accommodate aspects of local knowledge. Another set of problems relate to the different perceptions of stakeholders where a distinction is made between specific knowledge which is used to guide local management decisions and more generalised information which is used to compare across resource systems as required to monitor compliance with international agreements or for the use of market based instruments such as green labelling. Awareness and transparency regarding these problems is a prerequisite for development of participatory management systems which are extended to include knowledge aspects.
A study on millimeter-wave beamforming for high-speed train communication

This paper investigates three millimeter-wave beamforming (BF) scenarios for high-speed train (HST) communication that can potentially help to meet the explosively growing demand for Internet services in HSTs. Throughout the paper, we introduce the BF schemes based on the beam pattern that we designed and show the performance of three BF scenarios via the simulation, which demonstrates that in the case of adaptive BF applied to both transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), the highest SINR can be obtained. It is also shown that the different BF schemes are appropriate for different HST location and the fixed BF can achieve very similar performance to that of adaptive BF in most of time. Consequently, we have gained a valuable insight into designing a mmWave BF based HST communication system from feasibility and implementation perspective.
Hippocampus as comparator: Role of the two input and two output systems of the hippocampus in selection and registration of information

Processing of multimodal sensory information by the morphological subdivisions of the hippocampus and its input and output structures was investigated in unanesthetized rabbits by extracellular recording of neuronal activity. Analysis shows principal differences between CA3 neurons with uniform multimodal, mainly inhibitory, rapidly habituating sensory responses, and CA1‐subicular neurons, substantial parts of which have phasic reactions and patterned on‐responses, depending on the characteristics of the stimuli. These differences result from the organization of the afferent inputs to CA1 and CA3. Analysis of neuronal responses in sources of hippocampal inputs, their electrical stimulation, and chronic disconnection show the greater functional significance of the brain‐stem reticular input for tonic responses characteristic of CA3. This input signal before entering the hippocampus is additionally preprocessed at the MS‐DB relay, where it becomes more uniform and frequency‐modulated in the range of theta‐rhythm. It is shown that the new sensory stimuli produce inhibitory reset, after which synchronized theta‐modulation is triggered. Other stimuli, appearing at the background of the ongoing theta, do not evoke any responses of the hippocampal neurons. Thus, theta‐modulation can be regarded as a mechanism of attention, which prolongs response to a selected stimulus and simultaneously protects its processing against interference.
Berezin-Toeplitz quantization of compact Kähler manifolds

In this lecture results are reviewed obtained by the author together with Martin Bordemann and Eckhard Meinrenken on the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization of compact Kaehler manifolds. Using global Toeplitz operators, approximation results for the quantum operators are shown. From them it follows that the quantum operators have the correct classical limit. A star product deformation of the Poisson algebra is constructed.
Theoretical Foundations of Order-Based Genetic Algorithms

A lot of research on genetic algorithms theory is concentrated on classical, binary case. However, there are many other types of useful genetic algorithms (GA), e.g. tree-based (genetic programming), or order-based ones. This paper shows, that many of classical results can be transferred into the order-based GAs. The analysis includes the Schema Theorem and Markov chain modelling of order-based GA.
Heart Rate Variability in Psychiatric Disorders

Objectives: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation is a well known risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can give a valuable window into the ANS function being implicated in various medical diseases. But HRV analysis is not well established although psychiatric research findings have shown considerable association of psychopathology with cardiovascular comorbidity. In this review, we introduce the principle and technique of HRV analysis and illustrate how HRV analysis can shed light on neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. Methods: We present HRV methods and applications to quantify ANS dysregulation associated with psychiatric disorders. We will also highlight the novel approaches of HRV analysis to study mental illnesses in the context of genetic inferences and sleep physiology. Results: Symptoms of ANS disturbance are common in psychiatric disorders. HRV analysis has been used to quantify ANS dysregulation in depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Moreover, we reveal that some variations in genes, such as the genes encoding apolipoprotein-E and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, may have significant impact on cardiac dynamics which are implicated in psychopathology of psychiatric disorders. Finally, we introduce cardiopulmonary coupling analysis which is adopted from HRV analysis to show its application to quantify sleep stability. Conclusions: Investigating ANS functions may give insight into understanding neurobiology of psychiatric disorders. We need prospective studies of ANS dysregulation in various psychiatric disorders to evaluate their psychopathology connected with cardiovascular comorbidity.
The asymptotic safety scenario in quantum gravity: an introduction

The asymptotic safety scenario in quantum gravity is reviewed, according to which a renormalizable quantum theory of the gravitational field is feasible which reconciles asymptotically safe couplings with unitarity. All presently known evidence is surveyed: (a) from the 2 + ϵ expansion, (b) from the perturbation theory of higher derivative gravity theories and a ‘large N’ expansion in the number of matter fields, (c) from the 2-Killing vector reduction and (d) from truncated flow equations for the effective average action. Special emphasis is given to the role of perturbation theory as a guide to ‘asymptotic safety’. Furthermore it is argued that as a consequence of the scenario the self-interactions appear two dimensional in the extreme ultraviolet. Two appendices discuss the distinct roles of the ultraviolet renormalization in perturbation theory and in the flow equation formalism.
NADPH Oxidase May be the Primary Mediator of Organic Erectile Dysfunction

Increased production of nitric oxide by cavernosal endothelial cells, provoked by shear stress and cholinergic neurons, is necessary for sustained penile tumescence during the erectile process. Non-neurogenic organic erectile dysfunction (ED) is often associated with vascular risk factors that induce endothelial dysfunction, and amelioration of these risk factors often has a favorable impact on ED. These considerations suggest that cavernosal endothelial dysfunction may be at the root of many cases of ED – a view supported by rodent models of this syndrome. These models also reveal that increased oxidant stress is a key mediator of this dysfunction, and the likely primary source of this stress is endothelial NADPH oxidase, typically activated in the vascular disorders that have been linked to ED. Oxidants derived from this complex act in a variety of ways to impair the production and bioactivity of endothelial NO. Thus, drugs or phytonutrients which inhibit the activation or activity of NADPH oxidase may have great potential for preventing or treating ED. Erectile Dysfunction as an Endotheliopathy There is increasing reason to suspect that, in the majority of instances, organic erectile dysfunction (ED) is an endotheliopathy characterized by a failure of shear-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation; the dysfunctional endothelial cells responsible for erectile failure are those which line the small resistance helicine arteries that feed the corpus cavernosum, as well as those those within the corpus carvernosum that regulate cavernosal smooth muscle contraction. These endothelial cells are exposed to shear stress when upstream arteries are dilated by stimulation of post-ganglionic cavernous neurons that are “non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic” (NANC); these neurons employ nNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO), as well as HO-2-derived carbon monoxide, as neurotransmitters. This shear stress provokes endothelial release of NO, via a signaling pathway entailing sequential activation of PI3K, Akt, and eNOS; 5 inhibitors of this signaling pathway have an adverse impact on the erectile capacity of mice. Acetylcholine released by cavernous cholinergic neurons during the erectile process can also induce NO release by cavernosal endothelium. This NO is believed to be the chief mediator of the cavernosal smooth muscle relaxation required for sustained penile tumescence – albeit prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are other shear-induced endothelial mediators that can contribute to this dilation. The NO/CO released by NANC neurons is now thought to act briefly as a trigger for erection – whereas the sustained shear stress-mediated activation of eNOS in cavernosal endothelium is required for durable tumescence. The key role of NO in erectile physiology is underlined by the fact that the phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitory drugs currently used to treat ED function to potentiate the impact
Real-Time Sensing on Android

Modern smartphones contain many hardware and software sensors, with numerous additional sensing capabilities scheduled to be added in future iterations of the hardware and Android framework layer. This comes at no surprise as sensing is a crucial aspect of most Android applications. Unfortunately, the Android framework provides few guarantees on the delivery of sensor data to applications that require it. Similarly, the Android specification does not provide much in terms of configuration, making its programming model difficult to utilize in more traditional real-time contexts. In this paper, we examine the Android's sensor architecture in detail and show why it is not suitable for use in a real-time context. We then introduce the re-design of the sensor architecture within RTDroid, illustrating how the RTDroid approach can provide realtime guarantees on sensing applications. We then introduce realtime extensions to the Android manifest that enable real-time sensing application writers to express static configuration requirements, using jPapaBench as our motivating example. Finally, we experimentally show that our re-designed sensing architecture can provide predictable performance for jPapaBench with memory- and computation-intensive background workloads.
The accessory role of the diaphragmaticus muscle in lung ventilation in the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus

SUMMARY Crocodilians use a combination of three muscular mechanisms to effect lung ventilation: the intercostal muscles producing thoracic movement, the abdominal muscles producing pelvic rotation and gastralial translation, and the diaphragmaticus muscle producing visceral displacement. Earlier studies suggested that the diaphragmaticus is a primary muscle of inspiration in crocodilians, but direct measurements of the diaphragmatic contribution to lung ventilation and gas exchange have not been made to date. In this study, ventilation, metabolic rate and arterial blood gases were measured from juvenile estuarine crocodiles under three conditions: (i) while resting at 30°C and 20°C; (ii) while breathing hypercapnic gases; and (iii) during immediate recovery from treadmill exercise. The relative contribution of the diaphragmaticus was then determined by obtaining measurements before and after transection of the muscle. The diaphragmaticus was found to make only a limited contribution to lung ventilation while crocodiles were resting at 30°C and 20°C, and during increased respiratory drive induced by hypercapnic gas. However, the diaphragmaticus muscle was found to play a significant role in facilitating a higher rate of inspiratory airflow in response to exercise. Transection of the diaphragmaticus decreased the exercise-induced increase in the rate of inspiration (with no compensatory increases in the duration of inspiration), thus compromising the exercise-induced increases in tidal volume and minute ventilation. These results suggest that, in C. porosus, costal ventilation alone is able to support metabolic demands at rest, and the diaphragmaticus is largely an accessory muscle used at times of elevated metabolic demand.
Leakproofing the Singularity Artificial Intelligence Confinement Problem

This paper attempts to formalize and to address the 'leakproofing' of the Singularity problem presented by David Chalmers. The paper begins with the definition of the Artificial Intelli- gence Confinement Problem. After analysis of existing solutions and their shortcomings, a protocol is proposed aimed at making a more secure confinement environment which might delay potential negative effect from the technological singularity while allowing humanity to benefit from the superintelligence.
Coupling of astrocyte connexins Cx26, Cx30, Cx43 to oligodendrocyte Cx29, Cx32, Cx47: Implications from normal and connexin32 knockout mice

Oligodendrocytes in vivo form heterologous gap junctions with astrocytes. These oligodendrocyte/astrocyte (A/O) gap junctions contain multiple connexins (Cx), including Cx26, Cx30, and Cx43 on the astrocyte side, and Cx32, Cx29, and Cx47 on the oligodendrocyte side. We investigated connexin associations at A/O gap junctions on oligodendrocytes in normal and Cx32 knockout (KO) mice. Immunoblotting and immunolabeling by several different antibodies indicated the presence of Cx32 in liver and brain of normal mice, but the absence of Cx32 in liver and brain of Cx32 KO mice, confirming the specificity and efficacy of the antibodies, as well as allowing the demonstration of Cx32 expression by oligodendrocytes. Oligodendrocytes throughout brain were decorated with numerous Cx30‐positive puncta, which also were immunolabeled for both Cx32 and Cx43. In Cx32 KO mice, astrocytic Cx30 association with oligodendrocyte somata was nearly absent, Cx26 was partially reduced, and Cx43 was present in abundance. In normal and Cx32 KO mice, oligodendrocyte Cx29 was sparsely distributed, whereas Cx47‐positive puncta were densely localized on oligodendrocyte somata. These results demonstrate that astrocyte Cx30 and oligodendrocyte Cx47 are widely present at A/O gap junctions. Immunolabeling patterns for these six connexins in Cx32 KO brain have implications for deciphering the organization of heterotypic connexin coupling partners at A/O junctions. The persistence and abundance of Cx43 and Cx47 at these junctions after Cx32 deletion, together with the paucity of Cx29 normally present at these junctions, suggests Cx43/Cx47 coupling at A/O junctions. Reductions in Cx30 and Cx26 after Cx32 deletion suggest that these astrocytic connexins likely form junctions with Cx32 and that their incorporation into A/O gap junctions is dependent on the presence of oligodendrocytic Cx32. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consequences of Voluntary and Mandatory Fair Value Accounting: Evidence Surrounding IFRS Adoption in the EU Real Estate Industry

We examine the causes and consequences of European real estate firms' decisions to provide investment property fair values prior to the required disclosure of this information under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We find evidence that investor demand for fair value information-reflected in more dispersed ownership-and a firm's commitment to transparency increase the likelihood of providing fair values prior to their required provision under International Accounting Standard 40 - Investment Property. We also find that firms not providing these fair values face higher information asymmetry. However, we fail to find that the relatively higher information asymmetry was reduced following mandatory adoption of IFRS. Rather, we find that differences in information asymmetry largely remain. Taken together, this evidence suggests that common adoption of fair value accounting due to the mandatory adoption of IFRS does not necessarily level the informational playing field.
Comparative analysis of IEEE 802.11g multimedia multicast performance using RTP with an implemented test-bed

In network layer protocols, the most efficient way of sending similar packets to a group of nodes is via multicast. Multicast is a profound concept that has been around for some time and has seen through its implementation in various aspects of today's network access technology. The IEEE 802.11 wireless standards, however, loosely honor IP layer multicast packets by encapsulating them in broadcast frames. This in turn degrades the 802.11 network access bandwidth capacity and further decreases its data transmission reliability. An enhancement workaround which has been devised was to encapsulate multicast packets in a unicast MAC layer frame. In addition, RTP was also observed to be an enabler to better user experience in multicast streaming. In this paper, we investigate the 802.11g multicast performance with and without the enhanced multicast mechanism. We further expand our investigation by implementing RTP during the multimedia multicast stream and without it. Our results lead us to conclude that there are significant advantages of using both the enhanced multicast mechanism and RTP during a multicast streaming via the 802.11g wireless standard.