Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Induces Alterations in the Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases

The function of the circadian cycle is to determine the natural 24 h biological rhythm, which includes physiological, metabolic, and hormonal changes that occur daily in the body. This cycle is controlled by an internal biological clock that is present in the body’s tissues and helps regulate various processes such as sleeping, eating, and others. Interestingly, animal models have provided enough evidence to assume that the alteration in the circadian system leads to the appearance of numerous diseases. Alterations in breathing patterns in lung diseases can modify oxygenation and the circadian cycles; however, the response mechanisms to hypoxia and their relationship with the clock genes are not fully understood. Hypoxia is a condition in which the lack of adequate oxygenation promotes adaptation mechanisms and is related to several genes that regulate the circadian cycles, the latter because hypoxia alters the production of melatonin and brain physiology. Additionally, the lack of oxygen alters the expression of clock genes, leading to an alteration in the regularity and precision of the circadian cycle. In this sense, hypoxia is a hallmark of a wide variety of lung diseases. In the present work, we intended to review the functional repercussions of hypoxia in the presence of asthma, chronic obstructive sleep apnea, lung cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnea, influenza, and COVID-19 and its repercussions on the circadian cycles.
Endoscopic versus microscopic discectomy for pathologies of lumbar spine: A nationwide cross-sectional study from a lower-middle-income country

Objective: We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the preference of spine surgeons between MD for microdiscectomy and endoscopic discectomy (ED) surgery for the management of lumbar pathologies in a lower-middle-income country (LMIC). Methodology: An online survey assessing the preference of spine surgeons for various lumbar pathologies was developed and disseminated in “Neurosurgery Cocktail” a social media platform. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software with a level of significance <0.05. Results: We received responses from 160 spine surgeons having a median experience of 6.75 years (range 0–42 years) after residency. Most of the spine surgeons preferred MD over ED, preference being homogeneous across all lumbar pathologies. In ED, the interlaminar approach was preferred more frequently than the transforaminal approach. The most commonly chosen contraindication for the interlaminar approach and transforaminal approach was ≥ 3 levels lumbar disc herniation (LDH) (n = 117, 73.1%) and calcified LDH (n = 102, 63.8%), respectively. There was no significant association between the type of approach preferred (MD vs. ED; and interlaminar vs. translaminar endoscopic approach) with the type of workplace and the level of experience. Conclusion: Spine surgeons were inclined toward MD over ED, due to various reasons, such as a steep learning curve, lack of training opportunities, and upfront expenses. There is a pressing need for the upliftment of ED in LMICs which requires global action.
The impact of cassava processing on the livelihoods of women processors in Central Gonja district of the northern region of Ghana

The study was conducted in the Central Gonja District located at the southern end of the Northern region of Ghana which lies between latitude 9° 15′ and 9° 05′ N and longitude 0° 45′ and 1° 0′ W. The study focused on the contribution of cassava processing to the standard of living of women processors. Information on the level of income of processors, cost of processing, level of food security as well as challenges facing processors were obtained with structured and semi-structured questionnaires from 50 selected women processors. Data was pooled, collated and summarized into frequency distribution and percentages using Microsoft Excel. The average monthly revenue was 88.1, Ghana cedis and the average monthly total cost was 44 Ghana cedis implying a monthly net profit of 44.1 Ghana cedis for an average cassava processor. Challenges faced by the processors include: Inadequate funds (100%), inadequate storage facilities (98%), low price of processed products (90%), poor packaging materials (84%) and health hazards (64%). Cassava processing is profitable and contributes significantly to the standards of living of women, however, the challenges processors encounter could drastically reduce the level of processing and economic returns affecting the standards of living of the processors. Key words: Ghana, cassava, processors.
Correlation Analysis of Space Morphology and Way-finding Perception of Large-scale Theme Park Based on Multivariate Data

: The influence of space morphological factors on the way-finding perception in public space way-finding research is the focus of current research. The large-scale theme park is a landmark place for the city to promote the tourism economy and the city vitality. This kind of place has the characteristics of large-scale spatial structure and complex local node route. It is easy to cause the problems that the space is difficult to be perceived, difficult to choose when seeking the way, time-consuming to choose, and even lost direction to reduce the playing experience. In order to explore that mutual effect of the law between the characteristic space morphology of a large-scale amusement park and the tourists' way-finding perception, this article take the outdoor public space of the theme park of HB town as the object, based on Kevin Lynch's theory of environmental behavior related to space cognition of way-finding, use an on-site questionnaire and software simulation and 3D modeling of built environment. In the theme park of the HB town, 10 spatial feature points were selected to obtain the data of way-finding perception questionnaire, space morphological element modeling and measured oblique photography modeling. The three kinds of data were coupled by using the spss software regression analysis. The correlation among the spatial structure, the node interface enclosure and the subjective feeling of the tourists is obtained. Furthermore, the three are checked to find the difficult multi-direction nodes in way-finding. Finally, on the basis of this, the paper points out the space organization design suggestions of the large-scale theme park.
An innovative model to estimate the tension field inclination considering crack growth for steel plate shear wall

The Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) are known as a capable system to use in steel structures due to their significant advantages. Despite extensive studies concerning this system, few researchers have scrutinized thecrack effect on SPSW behavior. However, the crack dramatically affected the experimental results. In the currentpaper, the effect of central and edge cracks, therefore, has been studied in jointed plates at mid-height of SPSW.Results indicated that the central crack is more destructive than the edge crack. The central crack having a long initial length also makes a sudden wall fracture in the elastic zone and consequently cannot be used in high seismic regions. Due to the dependence of the wall on the diagonal tension field and its angle, an equationis proposed taking into account shear, axial, and moment actions in columns, axial and moment actions in beams, as well as shear and axial actions in the plate which conform to finite element results. Because of thecomplication of the stress intensity factor for mode I and mode II calculations, this confidence is derived and offered.
Probing the Molecular Mechanism of Viscoelastic Relaxation in Transient Networks

Hydrogels, which have polymer networks through supramolecular and reversible interactions, exhibit various mechanical responsibilities to its surroundings. The influence of the reversible bonds on a hydrogel’s macroscopic properties, such as viscoelasticity and dynamics, is not fully understood, preventing further innovative material development. To understand the relationships between the mechanical properties and molecular structures, it is required to clarify the molecular understanding of the networks solely crosslinked by reversible interactions, termed “transient networks”. This review introduces our recent progress on the studies on the molecular mechanism of viscoelasticity in transient networks using multiple methods and model materials. Based on the combination of the viscoelasticity and diffusion measurements, the viscoelastic relaxation of transient networks does not undergo the diffusion of polymers, which is not explained by the framework of conventional molecular models for the viscoelasticity of polymers. Then, we show the results of the comparison between the viscoelastic relaxation and binding dynamics of reversible bonds. Viscoelastic relaxation is primarily affected by “dissociation dynamics of the bonds” and “network structures”. These results are explained in the framework that the backbone, which is composed of essential chains supporting the stress, is broken by multiple dissociation events. This understanding of molecular dynamics in viscoelasticity will provide the foundation for designing transient networks.
On the Prediction of Separation-Induced Transition by Coupling Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation with γ-Transition Model

Powerful hybrid RANS/LES methods are gaining more attention for the prediction of transitional turbomachinery ﬂow although the combination of these two worlds (hybrid RANS/LES and transition) is not well considered yet. Therefore, we propose a coupling of DDES and the γ -transition model. The intention behind this coupling is explained and illustrated with two test cases, namely the academic ﬂat plate boundary layer test case with adverse pressure gradient and the T106C turbine cascade, which represent transitional ﬂow with separation-induced transition. The fundamental behavior of the coupled DDES-γ is assessed by the ﬂat plate test case. Further reaching analysis is done with the turbomachinery test case T106C. Both test cases helped to understand the model coupling and yield promising results for the DDES-γ model, while we showed, that the fully-turbulent DDES failed to capture relevant features of the transitional ﬂow for low free-stream turbulence.
Evaluation of the SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model for potency testing of a neuropeptide-expressing AAV vector

Viral vectors have become important tools for basic research and clinical gene therapy over the past years. However, in vitro testing of vector-derived transgene function can be challenging when specific post-translational modifications are needed for biological activity. Similarly, neuropeptide precursors need to be processed to yield mature neuropeptides. SH-SY5Y is a human neuroblastoma cell line commonly used due to its ability to differentiate into specific neuronal subtypes. In this study, we evaluate the suitability of SH-SY5Y cells in a potency assay for neuropeptide-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. We looked at the impact of neuronal differentiation and compared single-stranded (ss) AAV and self-complementary (sc) AAV transduction at increasing MOIs, RNA transcription kinetics, as well as protein expression and mature neuropeptide production. SH-SY5Y cells proved highly transducible with AAV1 already at low MOIs in the undifferentiated state and even better after neuronal differentiation. Readouts were GFP or neuropeptide mRNA expression. Production of mature neuropeptides was poor in undifferentiated cells. By contrast, differentiated cells produced and sequestered mature neuropeptides into the medium in a MOI-dependent manner.
Globally Networked Learning Environments as Eduscapes for Mutual Understanding

Globalization is a geo-spatial process that connects geographically distant actors and that allows global flows of people, ideas and educational activities, to intertwine with local action. Taking advantage of these new "eduscapes", new initiatives have emerged in higher education, such as the globally networked learning environments (GLNEs). GNLEs are built upon close and equal transnational partnerships that allow students and instructors to build a mutual understanding while enhancing the learning experience (Starke-Meyerreing et al. , 2008). Using Fox's (1997) concept of authentic intercultural communication, Bennett's (1986) development model of intercultural sensitivity, and Harman's (1988) classification of the intensity of collaboration, this paper assesses the impact of GNLEs on student's intercultural sensitivity and learning outcomes. The findings suggest that there is a relationship between the structure of GNLEs and their impact on students' intercultural sensitivity and learning outcomes. It also seems that power imbalances in terms of language, technology and resources can undermine the success of GNLEs as alternatives to the current globalization "master-discourse".
Current strain regime in the Western Alps from continuous GPS measurements, 1996-2001

Four to six years of continuous measurements at 10 permanent GPS sites in the Western Alps show horizontal residual velocities with respect to stable Europe less than 2 mm/yr, with uncertainties ranging from 0.3 mm/yr to 1.4 mm/yr. These velocities and the associated strain rate field indicate that the central part of the range is currently dominated by E -W extension, whereas the southern part shows N-S to NW-SE compression. The geodetic and seismotectonic data are consistent with a model where strain is essentially controlled by the counterclockwise rotation of the Adriatic micro-plate with respect to Eurasia. This rotation, together with the arcuate shape of the contact between the Adriatic microplate and the Alps, induces dextral shear kinematic boundary conditions across the Western Alps, with an additional divergence component in their central part and in Switzerland, and a convergence component in their southern part.
Explaining persistence in online learning

Learners’ persistence in online learning plays a crucial role in achieving successful learning outcomes. In an effort to understand the underlying psychological mechanism of learners’ persistence in such environments, a systematic review is conducted to synthesise the existing knowledge. This concise paper presents three fundamental findings derived from the review project, namely, mapping the current research landscape, exploring the motivations propelling researchers to investigate this phenomenon, and examining the theoretical models employed in literature to explain learners’ behaviours.
Rubick: A Unified Infrastructure for Analyzing, Exploring, and Implementing Spatial Architectures via Dataflow Decomposition

The fast-growing tensor applications expose tremendous dataflow alternatives when implemented on spatial architectures that feature large PE arrays and abundant interconnection resources. Prior works develop various notations and performance models for dataflows. Though these notations are very useful for understanding the reuse, bandwidth, and performance of dataflows, they do not define the underlying hardware implementation. Due to the semantic gap, analysis based on these notations cannot capture the detailed architectural features between different dataflows, leading to inefficient design space exploration and suboptimal designs. To address these issues, we propose Rubick, a unified infrastructure for analyzing, exploring, and implementing spatial architectures. The main innovation of Rubick is it decomposes the dataflow into two low-level intermediate representations: 1) access entry and 2) data layout. Access entry specifies how data enter into the PE arrays from memory, while data layout specifies how data are arranged and accessed. These two representations allow us to infer the hardware implementation details, such as PE interconnection and memory structure, which are amenable for structural analysis and systematic exploration. Based on this decomposition analysis, Rubick provides opportunities for micro-architecture optimization and efficient design space exploration. Our experiments demonstrate that Rubick can reduce 82.4% of wire resources with only a 2.7% latency increase by optimizing access entry IR, and achieve 70.8% memory overhead reduction by optimizing data layout IR. Rubick also accelerates the DSE time of dataflows by up to $1.1\times 10^{5}\text{X}$ , saving the time from several days to minutes. The source code of Rubick is publically available on (https://link-omitted-for-blind-review).
Action Program for Small-scale Riverbank Protection in a Bangladesh Village

We executed an action program to protect riverbanks from erosion for two years in a village in Bangladesh under the JSRDE (Joint Study on Rural Development Experiment) project funded by JICA. This paper describes the physical damage of riverbank erosion and its impact on the villagers, and discusses protection methods derived from existing local technology. We constructed palisades, in the river to protect the riverbank. On the advice of the villagers and other relevant individuals, the palisades were four-sided fences constructed out of bamboo tied vertically and horizontally in a checker pattern and iron boards made from stretched out oil drums. The program of using palisades for two years was successful because palisades were effective not only in protecting the riverbank from erosion but they also accelerated soil sedimentation along the riverside. Moreover, planting vegetation on the riverside to protect from erosion, which is a local technique, was also confirmed to be effective. We emphasize the importance of learning about and positively evaluating existing local technology for rural development programs in developing countries like Bangladesh.
Eddy Fluxes and Second-Order Moment Balances for Nonhomogeneous Quasigeostrophic Turbulence in Wind-Driven Zonal Flows*

Abstract The balances of momentum and second-order moments (potential enstrophy, energies, and potential vorticity flux) of wind-driven zonal flow, using a suite of numerical eddy resolving experiments in a two-layer channel, governed by quasigeostrophic dynamics, are investigated. The flow regime in these experiments does not satisfy the usual scaling of quasigeostrophic large-scale dynamics: relative vorticity is a significant contribution to the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity (QPV) in the deep layer and the lateral Reynolds stress divergence is comparable to the interfacial form stress in the top layer. The balances of second-order moments confirm that the eddy-induced fluxes of QPV and layer thickness are downgradient but significant contributions of triple moments occur. Existing parameterizations and scaling laws of the eddy fluxes of QPV and layer thickness are tested against data from the numerical experiments and it is shown that the usual downgradient forms of parameterization with diffusi.
Connectedness of Vietnamese bank stock returns under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the sensitivity of connectedness among bank stock returns in Vietnam. The aim of this study is to examine the strength of this connectedness along with the effect of government lockdown policy and COVID-19 cases on the total connectedness index (TCI) of 16 listed banks on Vietnamese stock exchanges. They are assessed using the database of FiinPro on the banking sector between January 2020 and July 2022, Vietnam Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and The World Health Organization (WHO) on the COVID-19 pandemic, employing a time-varying-parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) connectedness framework and the conditional quantile regression model. The results show that at the firm level, there is strong interdependence among bank stock returns with the average TCI being as high as 90.66%. It is also revealed that medium and large-sized banks are receivers of shock, while smaller banks are transmitters. As far as the impact on TCI is concerned, the widespread of the pandemic with the increasing number of COVID-19 cases is significantly negative, whereas the tightening of lockdown is significantly positive. Besides, the degree of the impact varies according to the 95th, 75th, 50th and 25th levels of conditional quantile regression. Based on the study’s findings, individual investors are recommended to thoroughly analyze the connectedness of banks before making investment decisions, while bank regulators should strengthen controls on credit relationships with small banks. Regarding policy makers, it is proposed to apply flexible restrictions and short-term lockdown depending on the actual outbreak of the pandemic. AcknowledgmentThe paper was conducted within the scope of Project QG21.48 of Vietnam National University.
A New Wideband RLGC Extraction Method for Multiconductor Transmission Lines Using Improved Mode Tracking Algorithm

In this article, we rederive the formulas and discuss constraint rules for the S-parameters’ retrieval and the wideband extraction of per unit length resistance, inductance, conductance, and capacitance, and propagation constants of multiconductor transmission lines. To effectively solve the mode aliasing problem and improve the efficiency and the robustness in extracting above characteristic parameters of the quasitransverse electromagnetic mode multiconductor transmission lines, a wideband improved mode tracking algorithm based on the Hermitian inner product is proposed. Simulation experiments are designed and the extracted results by the proposed algorithm are compared with those from various commercial software (HFSS, Cadence Sigrity PowerSI, and Polar Si9000). The excellent data consistency, the better high-frequency data continuity, as well as the wider frequency intervals powerfully prove that the proposed extraction algorithm has the superb high-frequency stability and smaller computation amount, while extracting the wideband parameters correctly.