Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The microRNA ppe-miR393 mediates auxin-induced peach fruit softening by promoting ethylene production

Abstract Auxin can inhibit or promote fruit ripening, depending on the species. Melting flesh (MF) peach fruit (Prunus persica L. Batsch) cultivars produce high levels of ethylene caused by high concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which leads to rapid fruit softening at the late stage of development. In contrast, due to the low concentrations of IAA, the fruit of stony hard (SH) peach cultivars does not soften and produces little ethylene. Auxin seems necessary to trigger the biosynthesis of ethylene in peach fruit; however, the mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we identified miRNA gene family members ppe-miR393a and ppe-miR393b that are differentially expressed in SH and MF fruits. RNA ligase-mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and transient transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana revealed TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (PpTIR1), part of the auxin perception and response system, as a target of ppe-miR393a and b. Yeast 2-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay revealed that PpTIR1 physically interacts with an Aux/IAA protein PpIAA13. The results of yeast 1-hybrid assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dual-luciferase assay indicated that PpIAA13 could directly bind to and trans-activate the promoter of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase 1 (PpACS1), required for ethylene biosynthesis. Transient overexpression and suppression of ppe-miR393a and PpIAA13 in peach fruit induced and repressed the expression of PpACS1, confirming their regulatory role in ethylene synthesis. Gene expression analysis in developing MF and SH fruits, combined with postharvest α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) treatment, supports a role for a ppe-miR393-PpTIR1-PpIAA13-PpACS1 module in regulating auxin-related differences in ethylene production and softening extent in different types of peach.
Surgical Subcision for Acne Scars: A Review of Instrumentation

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND Subcision is a surgical technique for managing atrophic acne scars. Over time, new instruments have emerged to increase the efficiency, efficacy, and safety of the subcision procedure, including sharp, blunt, and energy-assisted devices. OBJECTIVE To review the instrumentation used for the subcision of acne scars and to provide clinicians with practical information regarding the selection of instrumentation, with a focus on advantages and disadvantages. METHODS A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted for articles from January 2000 to June 2022 describing the use of subcision alone for the management of acne scarring. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the included articles. RESULTS A total of 417 patients from 17 articles were included; 155 patients underwent sharp subcision, 235 patients underwent blunt subcision, and 27 patients underwent energy-assisted subcision. The main indication for subcision was atrophic facial acne scars. Subcision using sharp, blunt, and energy-assisted instruments were all effective in treating atrophic acne scars. Adverse effects common to all subcision methods included erythema and edema. CONCLUSION Subcision is a safe and effective modality for the revision of selected acne scars and is a valuable skill set for dermatologists who perform scar revision to master.
Eye‐tracking measures of social versus nonsocial attention are related to level of social engagement during naturalistic caregiver‐child interactions in autistic children

Eye‐tracking (ET) measures indexing social attention have been proposed as sensitive measures related to autism, but less is known about the relationship between social and nonsocial attention and naturalistic measures of social engagement and whether sex moderates this relationship. This study investigated ET measures of social attention as predictors of social engagement during a naturalistic caregiver‐child interaction (CCI). Participants included 132, 2‐7‐year‐old autistic children (77% male) and their caregivers. Participants engaged in a CCI and an ET task in which they viewed a video of an actor making dyadic bids toward the child with toys in the background. Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyzes revealed that ET measures correlated with social engagement behaviors, including degree of attention to the caregiver and objects, joint engagement with the caregiver, and language‐based joint engagement. Children who spent more time looking at toys were more likely to be unengaged during social interaction. Those who spent more time looking at the actor's mouth were more likely to engage in coordinated play with and without language. Sex moderated the relationship between time looking at toys and unengagement during play; males who spent more time looking at toys spent more time unengaged during play, whereas females who spent more time looking at toys spent less time unengaged during play. Overall, ET measures of social and nonsocial attention correlated with the level of social engagement during naturalistic play, with some sex differences. Eye‐tracking measures that predict interaction patterns may provide insight into promoting social engagement between caregivers and their autistic children and can inform outcome monitoring and intervention development.
Diversity of woodland strawberry inflorescences arises from heterochrony regulated by TERMINAL FLOWER 1 and FLOWERING LOCUS T

Abstract A vast variety of inflorescence architectures have evolved in angiosperms. Here, we analyze the diversity and development of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) inflorescence. Contrary to historical classifications, we show that it is a closed thyrse: a compound inflorescence with determinate primary monopodial axis and lateral sympodial branches, thus combining features of racemes and cymes. We demonstrate that this architecture is generated by 2 types of inflorescence meristems differing in their geometry. We further show that woodland strawberry homologs of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (FvTFL1) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FvFT1) regulate the development of both the racemose and cymose components of the thyrse. Loss of functional FvTFL1 reduces the number of lateral branches of the main axis and iterations in the lateral branches but does not affect their cymose pattern. These changes can be enhanced or compensated by altering FvFT1 expression. We complement our experimental findings with a computational model that captures inflorescence development using a small set of rules. The model highlights the distinct regulation of the fate of the primary and higher-order meristems, and explains the phenotypic diversity among inflorescences in terms of heterochrony resulting from the opposite action of FvTFL1 and FvFT1 within the thyrse framework. Our results represent a detailed analysis of thyrse architecture development at the meristematic and molecular levels.
Rational L-s Category and its Applications

Let S be a 1-connected CW-complex of finite type and put cat0(S) = Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of the localization SQ. This invariant is char- acterized in terms of the minimal model of S. It is shown that if is the fibre inclusion of a fibration. It is also shown that if dim H*(S; Q) < oo then either dim it (S) ® Q < oo or the groups nk(S) ® Q grow exponentially with k. Introduction. In this paper topological space means a pointed, path-connected normal space S1 such that the inclusion of the basepoint is a cofibration and the rational singular homology is finite dimensional in each degree. All vector spaces and algebras have Q as ground field. Homology and cohomology of spaces is singular, with rational coefficients. We shall be dealing with category of spaces (cat(S)) in the sense of Lusternik and Schnirelmann (18). A recent survey is given in (15) but our definition differs by one from that of (15), so that for us spheres have category one, not two. Our purpose is to provide a computationally useful characterization of the rational category cat0(5) of space 5 and to apply this in a variety of situations. The definition of cat0(5) is sketched below and given precisely in §4. It satisfies cat0(S) < cauls'). When 5 is 1-connected cat0(5) coincides with the category of the localization SQ, which has been studied by Toomer in (26 and 27) and Lemaire and Sigrist in (17). The characterization problem was posed by Berstein (26). Most of the applications depend on the following fundamental mapping theorem, which we derive as a consequence of our characterization.
The contourlet transform for image fusion

In this paper, we introduce a new image fusion method based on the contourlet transform. Firstly, the problem that wavelet transform could not efficiently represent the singularity of linear/curve in image processing is analyzed. Secondly, the principal of Contourlet and its good performance in expressing the singularity of two or higher dimensional are studied. Finally, the feasibility of image fusion using contourlet transform is discussed in detail. A new fusion method based on Contourlet transform and the fusion framework are proposed. The transform coefficients structure and the fusion procedure are given in detail in this paper. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm works better in preserving the edge and texture information than the wavelet transform method and the Laplacian pyramid methods do in image fusion.
Heterozygous Dab1 Null Mutation Disrupts Neocortical and Hippocampal Development

Abstract Loss-of-function mutations in Reelin and DAB1 signaling pathways disrupt proper neuronal positioning in the cerebral neocortex and hippocampus, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that heterozygous yotari mice harboring a single autosomal recessive yotari mutation of Dab1 exhibited a thinner neocortical layer 1 than wild-type mice on postnatal day (P)7. However, a birth-dating study suggested that this reduction was not caused by failure of neuronal migration. In utero electroporation-mediated sparse labeling revealed that the superficial layer neurons of heterozygous yotari mice tended to elongate their apical dendrites within layer 2 than within layer 1. In addition, the CA1 pyramidal cell layer in the caudo-dorsal hippocampus was abnormally split in heterozygous yotari mice, and a birth-dating study revealed that this splitting was caused mainly by migration failure of late-born pyramidal neurons. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated sparse labeling further showed that many pyramidal cells within the split cell had misoriented apical dendrites. These results suggest that regulation of neuronal migration and positioning by Reelin-DAB1 signaling pathways has unique dependencies on Dab1 gene dosage in different brain regions.
Bayesian texture segmentation of weed and crop images using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

Summary. A Bayesian method for segmenting weed and crop textures is described and implemented. The work forms part of a project to identify weeds and crops in images so that selective crop spraying can be carried out. An image is subdivided into blocks and each block is modelled as a single texture. The number of different textures in the image is assumed unknown. A hierarchical Bayesian procedure is used where the texture labels have a Potts model (colour Ising Markov random field) prior and the pixels within a block are distributed according to a Gaussian Markov random field, with the parameters dependent on the type of texture. We simulate from the posterior distribution by using a reversible jump Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, where the number of different texture components is allowed to vary. The methodology is applied to a simulated image and then we carry out texture segmentation on the weed and crop images that motivated the work.
Ceramides are decreased after liraglutide treatment in two randomized clinical trials

Background Specific ceramides have been identified as risk markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) years before onset of disease. Treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide has been shown to induce beneficial changes in the lipid profile and reduce the risk of CVD. Reducing lipotoxic lipids with an antidiabetic drug therapy could be a path towards precision medicine approaches for the treatment of complications to diabetes. In this post-hoc study, we investigated the effect of liraglutide on CVD-risk associated ceramides in two randomized clinical trials including participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods This study analyzed plasma samples from two independent randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. The first trial, Antiproteinuric Effects of Liraglutide Treatment (LirAlbu12) followed a crossover design where 27 participants were treated for 12 weeks with either liraglutide (1.8 mg/d) or placebo, followed by a four-week washout period, and then another 12 weeks of the other treatment. The second clinical trial, Effect of Liraglutide on Vascular Inflammation in Type-2 Diabetes (LiraFlame26), lasted for 26 weeks and followed a parallel design, where 102 participants were randomized 1:1 to either liraglutide or placebo. Here we measured six prespecified plasma ceramides using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and assessed their changes using linear mixed models and t-tests. Possible confounders were assessed with mediation analyses. Results In the LirAlbu12 trial, C16 Cer and C24 Cer were reduced with liraglutide treatment (p <0.05) compared to placebo. In the LiraFlame26 trial, treatment with liraglutide resulted in a significant reduction of two ceramides associated with CVD risk, C16 Cer and C24:1 Cer (p <0.05) compared to placebo. None of the remaining ceramides showed statistically significant changes in response to liraglutide treatment compared to placebo. Mediation analyses showed that weight loss did not affect ceramide reduction. Conclusions We demonstrated that treatment with liraglutide resulted in a consistent reduction in C16 Cer after both 12 and 26 weeks of treatment and an overall decreasing trend was observed for two other ceramides. Our findings suggest the GLP-1RA can be used also to modulate ceramides. Trial Registration Clinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT02545738 and NCT03449654
An octahedral-elliptic type equality in Br2 (k)

Soit k un corps de caracteristique ¬= 2,3 ne contenant pas les racines cubiques de l'unite. Etant donne un polynome quartique irreductible f ∈ k[k] de discriminant −3 dans k * /k *2 et groupe de Galois S 4 , on montre explicitement l'equivalence entre l'obstruction d'un probleme d'immersion galoisienne de type octaedrique attache a f et l'obstruction d'un probleme d'immersion galoisienne de type octaedrique attache a f et l'obstruction a l'existence d'une courbe elliptique qui a pour corps des x-coordonneeds des points de 3-torsion le corps de decomposition de f
Infertility and perceived chance of conception among men in Malawi

Abstract Infertility is a common experience among individuals and couples worldwide, but few studies focus on men’s reports of infertility or perceived chance of conceiving, particularly in high-fertility, pronatalist contexts where infertility is highly stigmatized. Using data from the fourth wave of the Umoyo wa Thanzi (UTHA) cohort study in rural Central Malawi (2017–2018), we examine the relationship between self-reported infertility, the perceived chance of conceiving within one year, and sociodemographic characteristics among men (N = 484). While 13% of men reported that they had experienced infertility, just 4% of men perceived that they were unlikely or there was no chance they would conceive with their partner within one year of having sex without contraception. In multivariable logistic regression models, older age was associated with experienced infertility (AOR: 1.06, p < 0.05) and higher parity was associated with lower odds of reporting that conception was unlikely or there was no chance of conception (AOR: 0.08; p < 0.05). We argue that additional research on infertility focusing on men is critical in gaining a more holistic and gender-equitable understanding of infertility. Including men in infertility research may also contribute to destigmatizing infertility among both women and men by acknowledging men’s roles in infertility.
Physical activity‐induced alterations of the gut microbiota are BMI dependent

Physical inactivity is one of the leading causes of chronic metabolic disease including obesity. Increasing physical activity (PA) has been shown to improve cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health and to be associated with a distinct gut microbiota composition in trained athletes. However, the impact of PA on the gut microbiota is inconclusive for individuals performing PA in their day‐to‐day life. This study examined the role of PA and hand‐grip strength on gut microbiome composition in middle‐aged adults (40–65 years, n = 350) with normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) and overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) body mass index (BMI). PA was recorded using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and hand‐grip strength was measured using a dynamometer. Serum samples were assessed for lipidomics while DNA was extracted from fecal samples for microbiome analysis. Overweight participants showed a higher concentration of triacylglycerols, and lower concentrations of cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelin, and lyso‐phosphotidylcholine lipids (p < .05) compared with those with normal BMI. Additionally, overweight participants had a lower abundance of the Oscillibacter genus (p < .05). The impact of PA duration on the gut microbiome was BMI dependent. In normal but not overweight participants, high PA duration showed greater relative abundance of commensal taxa such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla, as well as Collinsella and Prevotella genera (p < .05). Furthermore, in males with normal BMI, a stronger grip strength was associated with a higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and F. prausnitzii (p < .05) compared with lower grip strength. Taken together, data suggest that BMI plays a significant role in modeling PA‐induced changes in gut microbiota.
A note on the expansion of turbulent wakes

An analysis has been made of a two-dimensional turbulent wake which was subjected to a homogeneous strain. This was applied in such a way that the rate of growth of the wake tended to be accelerated but the main stream convective velocity remained constant. An attempt to describe the flow by classical self-preservation techniques was made. However, the results suggested that a detrainment of wake fluid would result. In lieu of this a more realistic approach was sought and it was found that in certain situations where the flow has had an opportunity to develop before the strain is applied, the growth of the wake in the strain field can be described successfully by a simple geometric distortion. It appears likely that in these cases the interaction between the external strain and the turbulent structure within the wake is negligible, the wake remaining essentially passive. Suggestions as to the mechanism of the turbulent mixing and transport under these conditions are made.
Algorithms for Balanced Bootstrap Simulations

Abstract Efron's nonparametric bootstrap method simulates the distributional properties of a statistic by repeated resampling of a given sample. A balanced bootstrap simulation is one in which each sample observation is reused exactly equally often. Three algorithms for balanced bootstrap sampling are described, and it is shown that a balanced bootstrap simulation costs little more than an ordinary unbalanced one.
Differential geometry measures of nonlinearity for the video filtering problem

Video cameras onboard multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide effective and inexpensive tracking and surveillance functions for ground targets. In our previous work, we quantified the degree of nonlinearity (DoN) of the video filtering problem by considering the perspective transformation for the video measurement model and constant velocity motion for the target dynamic model. In this paper, we generalize the formulation by using a more realistic video measurement model which is based on the perspective transformation, radial and tangential lens distortions, scale, offset, and skew. The centroid pixel coordinates of a target in the digital image represent the sensor measurement for this model. This measurement model is commonly used in photogrammetry, computer vision, and video tracking, where significant height variation can occur. Since the measurement model is a nonlinear function of the target state, the filtering problem is nonlinear. We quantify the DoN of the video filtering problem by calculating the differential geometry based parameter-effects curvature and intrinsic curvature. These measures help a filter designer to select an appropriate nonlinear filtering algorithm for the video filtering problem so that tracking accuracy and computational load requirements are satisfied. Our results show that the DoN of the video filtering problem is quite low and hence a computationally simple filter such as the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a better choice than the particle filter (PF) which has a much higher computational cost. The state estimation accuracies of the EKF and PF are nearly the same.
Hybrid Chebyshev polynomial scheme for the numerical solution of partial differential equations

HYBRID CHEBYSHEV POLYNOMIAL SCHEME FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS by Balaram Khatri Ghimire August 2016 In the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), it is common to find situations where the best choice is to use more than one method to arrive at an accurate solution. In this dissertation, hybrid Chebyshev polynomial scheme (HCPS) is proposed which is applied in two-step approach and one-step approach. In the two-step approach, first, Chebyshev polynomials are used to approximate a particular solution of a PDE. Chebyshev nodes which are the roots of Chebyshev polynomials are used in the polynomial interpolation due to its spectral convergence. Then, the resulting homogeneous equation is solved by boundary type methods including the method of fundamental solution (MFS) and the equilibrated collocation Trefftz method. However, this scheme can be applied to solve PDEs with constant coefficients only. So, for solving a wide variety of PDEs, one-step hybrid Chebyshev polynomial scheme is proposed. This approach combines two matrix systems of two-step approach into a single matrix system. The solution is approximated by the sum of particular solution and homogeneous solution. The Laplacian or biharmonic operator is kept on the left hand side and all the other terms are moved to the right hand side and treated as the forcing term. Various boundary value problems governed by the Poisson equation in two and three dimensions are considered for the numerical experiments. HCPS is also applied to solve an inhomogeneous Cauchy-Navier equations of elasticity in two dimensions. Numerical results show that HCPS is direct, easy to implement, and highly accurate.