Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org the Role of Psychobiological and Neuroendocrine Mechanisms in Appetite Regulation and Obesity

Obesity is a multifactorial disease. Among its causes are physical inactivity and overeating. In addition, other factors may play an important role in the development of overweight/obesity. For example, certain hormones including leptin, insulin and ghrelin, may influence appetite and consequently body weight. Obesity frequently co-exists with metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance, thus constituting the metabolic syndrome which is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk. Lack of comprehensive knowledge on obesity-related issues makes both prevention and treatment difficult. This review considers the psychobiological and neuroendocrine mechanisms of appetite and food intake. Whether these factors, in terms of obesity prevention and treatment, will prove to be relevant in clinical practice (including reducing the cardiovas-cular risk associated with obesity) remains to be established. INTRODUCTION The digestive system is responsible for the absorption of food and water [1, 2]. This process occurs along the gastroin-testinal tract, starting with mechanical and chemical processes in the mouth [1-3]. Mastication fragments food and involves coordinated rhythmic activity of the neuromuscular system [1,3-5]. Mastication is important for the digestion of all foods and even more for fruits and raw vegetables. Pep-tide enzymes act primarily on the surfaces of food particles. How fast digestion is achieved depends on the total amount of food exposed to intestinal secretions [4]. A basic characteristic of individuals that masticate food too quickly is that they do not have a sense of satiety, thus leading to enhanced food intake which predisposes them to increased body weight [1,6,7].
VCO2 and VE kinetics during moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise after acetazolamide administration.

The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition with acetazolamide (Acz) on CO2 output (VCO2) and ventilation (VE) kinetics was examined during moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise. Seven men [24 +/- 1 (SE) yr] performed cycling exercise during control (Con) and Acz (10 mg/kg body wt iv) sessions. Each subject performed step transitions (6 min) in work rate from 0 to 100 W [below ventilatory threshold (<VET)] and to an O2 uptake corresponding to approximately 50% of the difference between the work rate at VET and peak O2 uptake [above ventilatory threshold (>VET)]. VE and gas exchange were measured breath by breath. The time constant (tau) was determined for exercise <VET by using a single-exponential model (fit between 20 s and end-exercise); the mean response time (MRT) was determined for exercise >VET by using a three-component model (fit from the start of exercise). VCO2 kinetics were slower in Acz (<VET, tau = 45 +/- 6 s; >VET, MRT = 75 +/- 10 s) than Con (<VET, tau = 34 +/- 6 s; >VET, MRT = 54 +/- 7 s). During <VET exercise, VE kinetics were slower in Acz (tau = 48 +/- 6 s) than Con (tau = 34 +/- 6 s), but >VET kinetics were faster in Acz (MRT = 85 +/- 17 s) than Con (MRT = 106 +/- 16 s). Carbonic anhydrase inhibition slowed VCO2 kinetics during both moderate- and heavy-intensity exercise, demonstrating impaired CO2 elimination in the nonsteady state of exercise. The slowed VE kinetics in Acz during exercise <VET is consistent with a mechanism coupling VE kinetics with the flow of CO2 to the lungs.
Sensibilidade da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg em indivíduos com osteoartrite

The study has aim of analyze the sensitivity of the (BBS) to detect the risk of falling in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to investigate an association between functional capacity, KOA degree, pain, index of fear of falling, and history of falls with the BBS score. Method: Participants were 69 individuals with KOA. The BBS 45, 47, 49, 51 and 53 cut-off points were used to analyze sensitivity and specificity of the test. The WOMAC questionnaire, Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) and visual analog scale were herein used. The results showed significant differences between the KOA groups with and without history of falls. The BBS showed a strong correlation between the Womac and the FES-I, and moderate correlation between history of falls and KOA degree. The BBS did not show an ideal cut-off point for individuals with KOA. However, the scale is sensitive to individual differences in this population.
Treating cocaine addiction: From preclinical to clinical trial experience with γ‐vinyl GABA

cocaine addiction; gamma vinyl-GABA; GVG; vigabatrin; clinical trialIn the present study, we report data from the ﬁrsthuman clinical trial using gamma vinyl-GABA (GVG,vigabatrin), as a potential therapeutic drug for thetreatment of cocaine addiction. GVG, an irreversibleinhibitor of GABA-transaminase, elevates humanbrain GABA concentrations (Mattson et al., 1995) andis currently available in many countries around theworld for the treatment of epilepsy and infantilespasms. Currently, however, GVG is not approved foruse in the United States.In the course of examining potential candidates forthe modulation of schizophreniform psychosis bymeans of modulating a putative hyper-dopaminergicsyndrome, we reported that when administeredacutely, GVG reduced synaptic and extracellular dopa-mine (DA) levels (Dewey et al., 1992). Further investi-gation revealed that these effects were restricted to the(S)-enantiomer (Schiffer et al., 2000) and modulated bythe GABA
Individual Differences in Memory for Dreams: The Role of Cognitive Skills

Ontogenetic findings have suggested a relationship between selected cognitive variables, especially Block Design ability, and REM dream-recall rates. This study investigated the extent to which such cognitive variables could account for individual differences in the REM recall of home-dream “nonreporters,” defined as self-described infrequent recallers who also recorded few dreams in a dream diary. Adult male nonreporters were assigned either to a high Block Design or low Block Design group (n = 6 each). Other cognitive (e.g., memory and visuospatial) abilities were measured to determine relationships to REM recall rates and ratings of dream “salience. ” On laboratory REM awakenings, subjects high on Block Design reported significantly more dreams than subjects who were low. However, within the latter group recall rates varied considerably (from 0% recall to 100% recall). This variability is accounted for in terms of an interaction of a dream-generation factor (salience) and a mnemonic factor (interference).
The Meteorological Prediction Model Study of Neural Ensemble Based on PSO Algorithms

This paper presents the evolving neural network architecture and beginning connection weights based on particle swarm optimization algorithms in order to produces the better network architecture and beginning connection weights, trains again the traditional back propagation by training samples and ensembles results by mean. This method be established the forecast model. The applied example is build with monthly mean rainfall the whole area of Guangxi. The result show that method represses neural network dependence on beginning connection weights, acquires compact neural network architecture, can effectively improves convergence speed and generalization ability of neural network
The Delphi method: a powerful tool for strategic management

The Delphi method can be a powerful tool to help police organizations forecast the future for the purposes of strategic management, and policy and program development among other potential applications for police management. The paper describes the characteristics of the method, including criticisms of the method, and steps in conducting a Delphi study as well as pitfalls to avoid.
Function and regulation of Maskin, a TACC family protein, in microtubule growth during mitosis

The Xenopus protein Maskin has been previously identified and characterized in the context of its role in translational control during oocyte maturation. Maskin belongs to the TACC protein family. In other systems, members of this family have been shown to localize to centrosomes during mitosis and play a role in microtubule stabilization. Here we have examined the putative role of Maskin in spindle assembly and centrosome aster formation in the Xenopus egg extract system. Depletion and reconstitution experiments indicate that Maskin plays an essential role for microtubule assembly during M-phase. We show that Maskin interacts with XMAP215 and Eg2, the Xenopus Aurora A kinase in vitro and in the egg extract. We propose that Maskin and XMAP215 cooperate to oppose the destabilizing activity of XKCM1 therefore promoting microtubule growth from the centrosome and contributing to the determination of microtubule steady-state length. Further more, we show that Maskin localization and function is regulated by Eg2 phosphorylation.
Delivering better forms of work organization: Comparing vocational teachers in England, Wales and Norway

The article explores the claim that Scandinavian countries have been able to support forms of work organization which afford employees higher levels of autonomy and control, compared with liberal market economies, such as the UK. Focusing upon the experience of vocational teachers in England, Wales and Norway, the article compares levels of autonomy, discretion and decision-making influence. The research finds evidence that Norway is indeed distinctive, and that both the institutional and policy context, alongside the actions of trade unions, are crucial in explaining the differences found.
Compact Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Band-Notched Characteristics for Ultra-Wideband Applications

In this paper, a compact dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with band-notched characteristics for ultra-wideband applications is presented. A comprehensive parametric study was carried out using CST Microwave Studio Suite TM 2011 to analyze and optimize the characteristics of the proposed antenna. Three shapes for the coupling slot were investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed DRA had a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23% from 9.97 GHz to 12.558 GHz, and a maximum gain of 7.23 dBi. The antenna had a notched band centered at 10.57 GHz, which increased the reflection coefficient by 23.5 dB, and reduced the gain by 6.12 dB. The optimized designs were verified by experimental tests on fabricated samples.
The role of luminance transients in the generation of the sound-induced flash illusion

The illusion of a single pulse of light seen as two flashes under certain viewing conditions has been known for nearly a century. The sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI, Shams 2000) is another example of extra flashes being reported beyond what is presented (‘fission’), but here in the context of co-occuring beeps. There have also been reports of ‘fusion’ in the SIFI: fewer flashes reported than presented, though Shams and colleagues did not find this. In the initial series of five experiments, the frequency of fusion vs fission was measured as a function of relative timings between the beeps and the flashes (SOAs). Particular care was taken to eliminate artefactual influences on the results: potential M pathway deficits in participants, afterimages, temporal resolution of flashes and beeps, expectancy effects and response biases. Without any cross-modal stimulation, there were small fission effects in reporting one flash and larger fusion effects in reporting three flashes. In comparison to this control condition, significant fission was found for SOAs within 100 msec, and fusion for SOAs beyond this value. Bowen (1989)’s explanation of unimodal multiple flash illusion was then applied to explaining SIFI fission effects. To do so, we modelled the biphasic temporal responses of actual fast ON- and OFF- midget parasol M cells to visual stimuli used in SIFI research. Whether auditory stimuli – beeps – direct attention to short duration peaks in neural responding, thus biasing the response of the observer in reporting the number of ‘transient’ events was considered. It is shown that for a square wave temporal profile, such response bias could easily be the case, especially given that three or four beeps rarely yield an illusion of more than two flashes. To eliminate these potential artefacts, a novel approach was developed: the use of a sawtooth temporal profile (either on or off) to create one physical transient in luminance for the sound to effect.
Undertakings and antidumping jumping FDI in Europe

This paper studies the effects of EU antidumping policy when foreign firms have the possibility to 'jump' antidumping measures by engaging in foreign direct investment (FDI) in the EU. Using a multi-stage framework, we study the EU administration's choice between an antidumping duty and a price-undertaking, taking into account the effect of these measures on the location decision of the foreign firm and the subsequent price competition between local and foreign firms. Our findings suggest that the EU administration acting purely in the EU industry's interest prefers a price-undertaking to a duty, if the latter leads to 'duty jumping' FDI. FDI toughens price competition in the EU market and leaves local firms worse off. Antidumping jumping FDI will only occur if the EU administration has broader objectives than just protecting the profitability of EU industry, if fixed costs of FDI are not too high, and if the cost advantage of foreign firms are, at least partially, firm-specific and transferable abroad. If foreign firms are able to act strategically taking into account EU antidumping policy, the presence of antidumping law can also discourage FDI that would have taken place under free trade conditions.
Synchronization method for asymmetrical bridgeless boost rectifier

In this paper a synchronization method and a compatible PWM strategy for the asymmetrical bridgeless boost rectifier are proposed. In this method the grid current is forced to have the same phase angle as the voltage generated by the rectifier. The proposed method eliminates zero-crossing distortion caused by the use of diodes, thus reducing the harmonic distortions of input current. Simulated and experimental results are presented.
Verifiable Ranked Search over dynamic encrypted data in cloud computing

Big data has become a hot topic in many areas where the volume and growth rate of data require cloud-based platforms for processing and analysis. Due to open cloud environments with very limited user-side control, existing research suggests encrypting data before outsourcing and adopting Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) to facilitate keyword-based searches on the ciphertexts. However, no prior SSE constructions can simultaneously achieve sublinear search time, efficient update and verification, and on-demand file retrieval, which are all essential to the development of big data. To address this, we propose a Verifiable Ranked Searchable Symmetric Encryption (VRSSE) scheme that allows a user to perform top-K searches on a dynamic file collection while efficiently verifying the correctness of the search results. VRSSE is constructed based on the ranked inverted index, which contains multiple inverted lists that link sets of file nodes relating a specific keyword. For verifiable ranked searches, file nodes are ordered according to their ranks for such a keyword, and information about a node's prior/following neighbor will be encoded with the RSA accumulator. Extensive experiments on real data sets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
A Kinematic Model for the Narrow-Line Region in NGC 4151

We present a simple kinematic model for the narrow-line region (NLR) of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, based on our previous observations of extended [O III] emission with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The model is similar to a biconical radial outflow model developed for the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, except that the bicone axis is tilted much more into our line of sight (40° out of the plane of the sky instead of 5°), and the maximum space velocities are lower (750 km s-1 instead of 1300 km s-1). We find evidence for radial acceleration of the emission-line knots to a distance of 160 pc, followed by deceleration that approaches the systemic velocity at a distance of 290 pc (for a distance to NGC 4151 of 13.3 Mpc). Other similarities to the kinematics of NGC 1068 are (1) there are a number of high-velocity clouds that are not decelerated, suggesting that the medium responsible for the deceleration is patchy, and (2) the bicone in NGC 4151 is at least partially evacuated along its axis. Together, these two Seyfert galaxies provide strong evidence for radial outflow (e.g., due to radiation and/or wind pressure) and against gravitational motion or expansion away from the radio jets as the principal kinematic component in the NLR.
Simulation of human hypnograms using a Markov chain model.

A Markov chain model has been proposed as a mechanism that generates human sleep stages. A method for estimating the parameters of the model, i.e., the transition probabilities (rates) between sleep stages, has been introduced and applied to 95 hypnograms taken from 23 subjects. The rates characterize interindividual differences and nightly variations of the sleep mechanism, related to sleep-onset behavior, to the decreasing amount of slow wave sleep in the course of the night, and to the REM-NREM periodicity. The model simulates both probabilistic and the above-mentioned predictable dynamics of sleep, but only if these time-varying, individual rates are applied.
Design of sensitivity for Direct Trust computation model in trusted networks

Current DTD (Direct Trust Degree) model for trusted networks cannot keep sensitive to variations of interaction results between nodes. To describe the direct trust relationship scientifically, a sensitive DTD model is proposed. It includes a stable part and a sensitive part. The stable part uses a window to obtain DTD from many history direct interaction proofs. To describe the attenuation feature of trust value, an attenuation coefficient is proposed. The sensitive part effects to DTD in space field and time field. And the sensitivity is not symmetrical to variation of interaction results. It only responds to negative variations. A balance coefficient is to balance the stability and the sensitivity of DTD computation result. Simulation experiments prove performances of the proposed DTD quantification model.
Effect of Holothuria leucospilota extracted saponin on maturation of mice oocyte and granulosa cells

Sea cucumbers saponins are triterpenoid glycosides which exert beneficial biomedical effects. This study was performed to assess the effect of saponin extracted from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota (H. leucospilota) on maturation of mice oocytes and granulosa cells. The germinal vesicles oocytes were collected from 6–8 weeks old Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice ovaries, randomly divided into untreated and four experimental groups and cultured In vitro. Maturation medium was supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/ml saponin for 12 days. The rates of maturation were recorded through morphological observation by measurement of follicle diameter during treatment. After 4 days, the effects of saponin on granulosa cells were investigated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, caspase assay and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression. The oocyte maturation rate was significantly higher in treated groups (1 μg/ml). The ROS and SOD assays demonstrated the antioxidant potential of saponin. The caspase assay exhibited that optimum concentrations of saponin (1, 2 μg/ml) reduced caspase activity in granulosa cells. Flow cytometry showed that optimum concentration of saponin promoted oocyte maturation via down regulation of TNF-α as follicular degenerative factor in nursing cells. These results proposed that maturation rate were obtained after the incorporation of 1 μg/ml sea cucumber saponin. Moreover, the extracted saponin at concentrations of 1, 2 μg/ml enhanced follicle growth which is accompanied by attenuating ROS formation, elevating SOD activity and reducing TNF-α expression in granulosa cells. But, further examinations are required to understand precise mechanisms of saponin action on oocyte and granulosa cells.
A Diplexer with a split-ring resonator junction

Summary form only given: Diplexers are three-port filtering devices with a junction connecting two channel filters; the common port connects to an antenna which serves the two channel filters bearing the second and the third port. Conventionally, diplexers are designed using transmission line based junctions or circulators, but recently a new approach of designing diplexers with resonant junctions was introduced and this led to a reduction in the total number of components needed in the system or reduction in size. Such techniques are reported in [1] where two novel multiplexer topologies based on all-resonator structures were implemented at X-band using waveguide technology. In [2], a diplexer with a resonant star-junction and a triplexer with a non-resonant node star-junction were presented using synthesis approach. [3] presented a diplexer with asplit-ring resonator (SRR) as a common resonator and signal splitter. In [4], an FDD diplexer with a T-shaped junction resonator was presented. This work presents a diplexer that uses a SRR as a common resonator to connect two channel filters. The SRR comprises two nested open-loop resonators resonating at different frequencies corresponding to the two passbands of the diplexer. This differs with [3] in that the nested resonators are synchronously tuned in [3], whereas these are asynchronously tuned in this work resulting in more widely separated channels. The two channels at 2 GHz and 3 GHz each with a 4% fractional bandwidth were separately designed and joined together using the SRR. The SRR was used to replace the first resonator of each filter, resulting in reduced circuit size. Fig. 1(a) illustrates the coupling topology of the SRR where the resonator 1 and 2 represents the resonator of low and high frequency respectively. Resonator 2 is nested in resonator 1 thereby allowing all external couplings to be made with resonator 1. Fig. 1(b) illustrates the coupling topology of the proposed diplexer.
Composition of Dyads as a Factor in the Outcomes of Workplace Justice: Two Field Assessments

Although procedural justice in the workplace has been a topic of increasing interest (e.g., Aram & Salipante, 1981; Ewing 1977a, 1977b; Folger & Greenberg, 1985; Gordon & Miller, 1984; Smith, 1983;.
Computation and Blending

Recent work into the cognitive foundations of conceptual integration and blended mental spaces provides a unifying umbrella framework for a range of cognitive 'siblings' that have traditionally been studied with relative independence, such as metaphor, analogy, concept combination, grammaticalization, counterfactual thought, and abstract problem solving. The 'many-space' or 'conceptual integration networks' theory of Fauconnier and Turner (1994; 1998) is an elaboration of the two-space model of metaphor that has been the corner-stone of the metaphor field since Aristotle (see Hutton, 1982), and which has underpinned a string of conceptual theories from Nietzsche (see Culler, 1980) through Richards (1936), Black (1962), Koestler (1964) to Lakoff and Johnson (1980). These theories posit a metaphor (or by extension, its cognitive siblings) to concern the interaction of two conceptual spaces; the space which is described by the metaphor has variously been termed the target, the tenor or the topic, while the space that provides the description has been called the source, the vehicle or the base.