Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

CONTEXT Goal-directed resuscitation for severe sepsis and septic shock has been reported to reduce mortality when applied in the emergency department. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis of noninferiority between lactate clearance and central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) as goals of early sepsis resuscitation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Multicenter randomized, noninferiority trial involving patients with severe sepsis and evidence of hypoperfusion or septic shock who were admitted to the emergency department from January 2007 to January 2009 at 1 of 3 participating US urban hospitals. INTERVENTIONS We randomly assigned patients to 1 of 2 resuscitation protocols. The ScvO2 group was resuscitated to normalize central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and ScvO2 of at least 70%; and the lactate clearance group was resuscitated to normalize central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and lactate clearance of at least 10%. The study protocol was continued until all goals were achieved or for up to 6 hours. Clinicians who subsequently assumed the care of the patients were blinded to the treatment assignment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was absolute in-hospital mortality rate; the noninferiority threshold was set at Delta equal to -10%. RESULTS Of the 300 patients enrolled, 150 were assigned to each group and patients were well matched by demographic, comorbidities, and physiological features. There were no differences in treatments administered during the initial 72 hours of hospitalization. Thirty-four patients (23%) in the ScvO2 group died while in the hospital (95% confidence interval [CI], 17%-30%) compared with 25 (17%; 95% CI, 11%-24%) in the lactate clearance group. This observed difference between mortality rates did not reach the predefined -10% threshold (intent-to-treat analysis: 95% CI for the 6% difference, -3% to 15%). There were no differences in treatment-related adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSION Among patients with septic shock who were treated to normalize central venous and mean arterial pressure, additional management to normalize lactate clearance compared with management to normalize ScvO2 did not result in significantly different in-hospital mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00372502.
Performance Analysis of DSR Using Reclaim-Based Caching Policy on the MANET

A MANET is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration. How to obtain an effective and efficient routing protocol in MANET remains a big challenge. At present, DSR serves as the more commonly accepted route protocol. Good routing results for simple and easy operations are frequently achieved in a small-scale MANET environment not in large-scale network. In order to solve this problem, we focused on the caching strategy of DSR, and attempted to verify and validate a recoverable caching mechanism called reclaim-based caching (RBC). The purposes of RBC are to increase the usages of cache and to decrease the occurrence of broadcasting due to temporarily broken link on nodes mobility. Hence, we gathered all feasible and historical routes into the cache library. Then, we did perform the simulation and make an analysis on the route discovery as well as the cost of reclaim-based routing in order to determine and regulate the capacity usage of the cache. Ultimately, we expect to utilize the average hit ratio of reclaim-based routing in designing a set of more efficient routing cache mechanism. Consequently, the proposed RBC can be used in the universal wireless network environment to achieve better routing performance and to provide a more flexible application
Lower bounds on the rate-distortion function of individual LDGM codes

We consider lossy compression of a binary symmetric source by means of a low-density generator-matrix code. We derive two lower bounds on the rate distortion function which are valid for any low-density generator-matrix code with a given node degree distribution L(x) on the set of generators and for any encoding algorithm. These bounds show that, due to the sparseness of the code, the performance is strictly bounded away from the Shannon rate-distortion function. In this sense, our bounds represent a natural generalization of Gallagerpsilas bound on the maximum rate at which low-density parity-check codes can be used for reliable transmission. Our bounds are inspired by the recent work of Dimakis, Wainwright, and Ramchandran, but they apply to individual codes.
Plant floor communications integration using a low cost CPPS architecture

Currently, factory automation systems need to cope with very different challenges, such as technological advances happening very fast, global and competitive market or product customization. These challenges lead to a new generation of automation systems based on the so-called Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) globally connected to form a flexible System of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (SoCPPS). CPPSs require acquisition of production system data and smart data processing to extract information to improve the overall system performance. To achieve that it is needed to bridge the gap between the control systems and higher layers. This paper discusses an approach to use the IEC 61499 function block concept to exchange data between plant floor and higher layers using an industrial standard like OPC UA. The OPC UA server offers subscription mechanisms, making possible the integration of several resources residing at plant floor. As it runs on embedded devices, the proposal makes possible to acquire plant information at low cost, enabling at the same time, a component-based design for enterprise plant floor control with independence of the hardware platform used.
Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study Findings in Full-Term and Preterm Infants With Dysphagia

Objective To determine the clinical characteristics and videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) findings in infants with suspected dysphagia and compare the clinical characteristics and VFSS findings between full-term and preterm infants. Methods A total of 107 infants (67 full-term and 40 preterm) with suspected dysphagia who were referred for VFSS at a tertiary university hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical characteristics and VFSS findings were reviewed by a physiatrist and an experienced speech-language pathologist. The association between the reasons of referral for VFSS and VFSS findings were analyzed. Results Mean gestational age was 35.1±5.3 weeks, and mean birth weight was 2,381±1,026 g. The most common reason for VFSS referral was 'poor sucking' in full-term infants and 'desaturation' in preterm infants. The most common associated medical condition was 'congenital heart disease' in full-term infants and 'bronchopulmonary dysplasia' in preterm infants. Aspiration was observed in 42 infants (39.3%) and coughing was the only clinical predictor of aspiration in VFSS. However, 34 of 42 infants (81.0%) who showed aspiration exhibited silent aspiration during VFSS. There were no significant differences in the VFSS findings between the full-term and preterm infants except for 'decreased sustained sucking. ' Conclusion There are some differences in the clinical manifestations and VFSS findings between full-term and preterm infants with suspected dysphagia. The present findings provide a better understanding of these differences and can help clarify the different pathophysiologic mechanisms of dysphagia in infants.
The Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff of One-Side Interference Channel with Relay

The fundamental tradeoff between the transmission rate and the reliability of an one-side interference channel with relay is studied using the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) as a measure. By analyzing the capacity and the outage probability, the DMT under strong interference condition is given. This paper concludes that the strength of the signal on interference channel will limit the maximum diversity and the strength of the signal forwarded by the relay will determine the diversity gain actually achieved. This paper also concludes that the power allocation ratio at the relay for the interference and the intended signal for one receiver does not affect the DMT.
Homology TQFT's via Hopf algebras

In [5] Frohman and Nicas define a topological quantum field theory via the intersection homology of U(1)-representation varieties J(X) = Hom(π1(X), U(1)). We show that this TQFT is equivalent to the combinatorially constructed Hennings-TQFT based on the quasitriangular Hopf algebra N = Z/2 ⋉ ∧ ∗ R. The natural SL(2,R)-action on N is identified with the SL(2,R)action for the Lefschetz decomposition of H∗(J(Σ)) implied by the Kähler structure on J(Σ) for a surface Σ. We compare peculiarities of both theories, such as the Z/2-projectivity and vanishing phenomena due to non-semisimplicty. This equivalence induces a graded Hopf algebra structure on H∗(J(Σ)), which is isomorphic to the canonical one but is at the same time compatible with the Hard-Lefschetz decomposition. We discuss generalizations to higher rank gauge theories, and a relation between the semisimple and non-semisimple TQFT’s associated to quantum sl2. 1
Techniques Developed for Geologic Analysis of Hyperspectral Data Applied to Near-Shore Hyperspectral Ocean Data **

Imaging spectrometers or “Hyperspectral Sensors” simultaneously collect spectral data as both images and as individual spectra. A broad range of techniques have been examined, refined, and put into operational practice for analysis of geologic problems. This paper describes a successful geologic case history using an endto-end approach on Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, including data calibration to reflectance, use of a linear transformation to minimize noise and determine data dimensionality, location of the most spectrally pure pixels, extraction of endmember spectra, and spatial mapping of specific endmembers. Several supporting case studies using AVIRIS data of near-shore marine environments demonstrate the viability of these methods for studying the coastal zone. The methods described provide a starting point for image segmentation, material identification, and mapping of marine processes in the near-shore environment. 1.0 Introductions Hyperspectral data (Imaging Spectrometer data) consisting of hundreds of spectral bands can be analyzed using multispectral analysis techniques, however, classical methods do not take full advantage of the spectral dimensionality of these datasets. Geologists have been analyzing hyperspectral images since 1983, and consequently, a broad range of techniques have been examined, refined, and put into operational practice. The methods described here utilize the unique capabilities of hyperspectral data to locate, map, and identify the materials present on the Earth’s surface. This paper describes a successful geologic case history using this end-to-end approach on Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data, including data ** Presented at the Fourth International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments,
On the benefits of network coding to compressive data gathering in wireless sensor networks

We investigate the joint application of compressive sensing and network coding to the problem of energy efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks. We consider the problem of optimally constructing forwarding trees to carry compressed data to projection nodes; each compressed data refers to a weighted aggregation of measurements from sensors collected at one projection node. Projection nodes then forward their received compressed data to the sink, which subsequently recovers the original measurements. This aggregation technique based on compressive sensing is shown to reduce significantly the number of transmissions. We observe that the presence of multiple forwarding trees gives rise to many-to-many communication patterns which in turn can be exploited to perform network coding on the compressed data being forwarded on these trees. Such technique will further reduce the number of transmissions required to gather the measurements, and consequently result in a better network-wide energy efficiency. This paper addresses the problem of network coding aware construction of forwarding/aggregation trees and we present a mathematical model to optimally construct such trees. We also develop a decentralized method for solving the problem and we show that our method is both very scalable and accurate. We also show that when both network coding and compressive data gathering are considered jointly, modest gains may be attained.
A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study of a Single-Session Psychoeducation Treatment for Urban, Culturally Diverse, Trauma-Exposed Adults

Abstract This randomized pilot study aimed to determine whether a single session of psychoeducation improved mental health outcomes, attitudes toward treatment, and service engagement among urban, impoverished, culturally diverse, trauma-exposed adults. Sixty-seven individuals were randomly assigned to a single-session psychoeducation treatment or a delayed treatment comparison control group. The control group was found to be superior to the treatment group at posttest with respect to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and occupational and family disability. At follow-up, all participants had completed the psychoeducation treatment, and a mixed-effects model indicated significant improvements over time in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, somatization, and attitudes toward treatment. Ninety-eight percent of the participants reported the psychoeducation was helpful at follow-up. Participants also reported a 19.1% increase in mental health service utilization at follow-up compared with baseline. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.
Modeling, Analysis, and Mitigation of Load Neutral Point Voltage for Three-Phase Four-Leg Inverter

The three-phase four-leg inverter is very suitable for the high-power uninterruptible power supply application, and the load neutral point voltage (LNPV) should meet the requirement. In this paper, two factors influencing the LNPV were revealed first, which are the switching states and the ratio of the neutral inductance to the phase inductance (k). Then, the 16 switching states can be classified into four groups, and the ones in the first and the second group come to the minimum amplitude of LNPV with a specific ratio k respectively. Third, three methods to mitigate the LNPV were proposed based on the analysis of LNPV. In the first method, switching states in the first group are just utilized, and the LNPV can be eliminated with the ratio k of unity. In the second method, the switching states in the fourth class are avoided, and the LNPV can be reduced. Common mode filter is used in the third method and the LNPV can be mitigated effectively with the ratio k of unity. Furthermore, the power losses in the first and the second method were estimated and were compared with the original situation. Finally, the proposed methods were verified by simulation and experimental results.
Early malicious activity discovery in microblogs by social bridges detection

With the emerging and intense use of Online Social Networks (OSNs) amongst young children and teenagers (youngsters), safe networking and socializing on the Web has faced extensive scrutiny. Content and interactions which are considered safe for adult OSN users might embed potentially threatening and malicious information when it comes to underage users. This work is motivated by the strong need to safeguard youngsters OSNs experience such that they can be empowered and aware. The topology of a graph is studied towards detecting the so called “social bridges”, i.e. the major supporters of malicious users, who have links and ties to both honest and malicious user communities. A graph-topology based classification scheme is proposed to detect such bridge linkages which are suspicious for threatening youngsters networking. The proposed scheme is validated by a Twitter network, at which potentially dangerous users are identified based on their Twitter connections. The achieved performance is higher compared to previous efforts, despite the increased complexity due to the variety of groups identified as malicious.
Outbreak by Ventilator-Associated ST11 K. pneumoniae with Co-production of CTX-M-24 and KPC-2 in a SICU of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Central China

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) often responsible for numerous hospital-associated outbreaks has become an important public health problem. From January 2013 to February 2014, a total of 41 non-duplicate K. pneumoniae isolates with carbapenem resistance, were collected at a tertiary teaching hospital in Nanchang, central China. Among 41 K. pneumoniae isolates, 28 were isolated from hospitalized patients including 19 from the patients in surgery intensive care unit (SICU) and 13 were isolated from ventilators. Twenty-four of 28 patients infected by CRKP have been submitted to mechanical ventilation using ventilator. More than 95% of the CRKP isolates were resistant to 13 antimicrobials tested. All CRKP isolates were confirmed as carbapenemase producer and were positive for blaKPC-2, with one positive for both blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1. All carbapenemase-producing isolates harbored at least one of extended spectrum β-lactamase genes tested, among which 95.1% (39/41) of the tested isolates were found to harbor both blaCTX-M-24 and blaKPC-2, Of note, one isolate harbored simultaneously two carbapenemase genes (blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1) and two ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-3 and blaTEM-104). To the best of our knowledge, coexistence of blaKPC-2 and blaCTX-M-24 in one isolate is first reported. MLST results showed that 41 CRKP isolates belonged to four sequence types (STs) including ST11, novel ST1854, novel ST1855, and ST1224. PFGE results displayed three PFGE clusters. Thirty-eight ST11 CRKP isolates (92.7%, 38/41) including all 13 isolates from ventilators and 25 isolates from patients from seven wards (18 from SICU) belonged to same PFGE cluster, indicating these isolates were clonally related. Fifteen isolates have an identical undistinguished pattern (100% similarity) forming a single clonal population. Moreover, this clone was exclusively linked to the cases attended in SICU and linked to the Ventilators. Additionally, the other SICU cases were linked to closely related clones (similarity greater than 95%). These data indicated that the occurrence of a clonal outbreak associated with ventilators has been found. In conclusion, outbreak by ventilator-associated ST11 K. pneumoniae with co-production of CTX-M-24 and KPC-2 is found in a SICU of a tertiary teaching hospital in central China.
Voluntary exercise alters the cytoarchitecture of the adult dentate gyrus by increasing cellular proliferation, dendritic complexity, and spine density

Voluntary exercise produces a dramatic increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)‐positive cells in the adult dentate gyrus (DG); however, it has never been determined whether this increase reflects neurogenic activity or some exercise‐induced change in the metabolic processing of systemically injected BrdU. In these experiments, we show that 1) 200 mg/kg is a saturating dose for single injections of BrdU in both control and voluntary exercise animals; 2) there is significantly more cell labeling in animals that exercise when saturating doses of BrdU are employed; 3) high doses of BrdU do not affect the number, appearance, or distribution of labeled cells; 4) voluntary exercise leads to similar increases in the number of cells expressing Ki67, an intrinsic marker of cellular proliferation; 5) both dendritic length and complexity are significantly increased in the DG of animals that exercise; and 6) spine density is significantly greater on dendrites in the DG following voluntary exercise. This study demonstrates that exercise up‐regulates neurogenic activity in the DG of adult rats, independently of any putative changes in altered BrdU metabolism, and that it also substantially alters the morphology of dentate granule cell dendrites. The dramatic changes in the cytoarchitecture of the DG induced by voluntary exercise might underlie the enhancement of hippocampal long‐term potentiation and hippocampal‐dependent memory that our group has previously described. These results suggest that exercise may be an effective component of therapeutic regimes aimed at improving the functioning of individuals with neuropathologies that involve the degradation of cells in the hippocampus. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:39–47, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in neck lymph adenopathy

Abstract In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), nodal metastases are an adverse prognostic factor compromising long term patient survival. Therefore, accurate detection of regional nodal metastases is required for optimization of treatment. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain the primary imaging modalities for locoregional staging of head and neck SCC. Next to evaluation of the primary tumour, both modalities facilitate detection of non-palpable lymph nodes (LN). However, both modalities rely on size-related and morphological criteria to differentiate between benign and malignant lymph nodes, decreasing the sensitivity for detection of small metastases. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) measures differences in tissue microstructure, based on the random displacement of water molecules. The differences in water mobility are quantified using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), which has an inverse relationship with tissue cellularity. As such the technique is able to differentiate between tumoral tissue and normal or necrotic tissue. The added value of DW-MRI to conventional imaging for staging of lymph nodes in head and neck cancer is discussed, before and after treatment. The possible consequences regarding therapeutic management are outlined.
Multimodality imaging of tumor xenografts and metastases in mice with combined small-animal PET, small-animal CT, and bioluminescence imaging.

UNLABELLED Recent developments have established molecular imaging of mouse models with small-animal PET and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as an important tool in cancer research. One of the disadvantages of these imaging modalities is the lack of anatomic information. We combined small-animal PET and BLI technology with small-animal CT to obtain fusion images with both molecular and anatomic information. METHODS We used small-animal PET/CT and BLI to detect xenografts of different cell lines and metastases of a melanoma cell line (A375M-3F) that had been transduced with a lentiviral vector containing a trimodality imaging reporter gene encoding a fusion protein with Renilla luciferase, monomeric red fluorescent protein, and a mutant herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase. RESULTS Validation studies in mouse xenograft models showed a good coregistration of images from both PET and CT. Melanoma metastases were detected by 18F-FDG PET, 9-[4-(18)F-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine (18F-FHBG) PET, CT, and BLI and confirmed by ex vivo assays of Renilla luciferase and mutant thymidine kinase expression. 18F-FHBG PET/CT allowed detection and localization of lesions that were not seen on CT because of poor contrast resolution and were not seen on 18F-FDG PET because of higher background uptake relative to 18F-FHBG. CONCLUSION The combination of 18F-FHBG PET, small-animal CT, and BLI allows a sensitive and improved quantification of tumor burden in mice. This technique is potentially useful for the study of the biologic determinants of metastasis and for the evaluation of novel cancer treatments.