Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis Presenting With Cluster-Like Headache

Cluster headache (CH) is an idiopathic headache syndrome consisting of recurrent brief attacks (duration 15–180 min) of sudden severe, unilateral periorbital pain associated with cranial autonomic symptoms and restlessness (1). CH is related to alterations of the trigeminal autonomic pathways, but its aetiology is still not fully understood. In the past, sporadic case reports have been published on patients with cluster-like syndromes associated with intracranial pathologies. Some of these patients present with atypical manifestations with respect to the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria, but many of them perfectly mimic CH (2). Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is considered to be the chameleon among the cerebrovascular disorders, as it may present mimicking a wide variety of neurological diseases. The symptoms and signs depend on which venous structure is affected and on whether the thrombotic process remains limited to the dural sinus or extends to the cortical veins (3). In the case of the superior sagittal sinus, which is the one affected in 70–80% of cases (4, 5), sinus thrombosis alone leads to a syndrome of intracranial hypertension, i.e. headache and papilloedema. The onset of headache is usually gradual, but in up to 15% of patients it is of sudden and explosive onset (‘thunderclap headache’) mimicking subarachnoid haemorrhage (6, 7). Headache in CVT is due to irritation of branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve that innervate the large venous sinuses. Before passing through the ophthalmic fissure, the ophthalmic nerve gives off a recurrent branch to the tentorium cerebelli and the adjacent large sinuses, and it also receives sympathetic filaments from the carotid plexus (8). Venous stasis results in dilation of the affected veins and sinuses, leading to a pain syndrome which usually persists until the normalization of venous flow (9). In line with the growth of the venous thrombosis, headache in CVT is generally characterized as of gradual onset, diffuse and usually constant. Headache in CVT can also be intermittent, particularly initially, and can even occur in attacks (9). Intermittent, sharp and retroorbital headache (10), as well as migraine-like headache (11), has been reported from CVT patients. However, episodic headache is a rare finding in CVT and, to the best of our knowledge, cluster-like headache following CVT has not been described previously.
Self creation and the limitless void of dissociation: the ‘as if’ personality

The concept of the 'as if' personality has been used variously in analytic literature without having formed part of a clinically based theoretical development over time. The author discusses the bases of her notion of the 'as if' personality, as observed across a number of patients and supervised patients in intensive, long term analytic treatment. In this composite clinical picture, a grouping of elements that form a particular kind of defence of the self is identified in certain patients with an exceptional capacity for creative engagement in the world, surpassing expectations given their background. The picture includes the presence of physical breakdown and illness, as psychic suffering arising from early narcissistic wounding and from a physical, emotional and/or sexual abusive familial environment, was held for too long in bodily memory but not in mind. A distinction is made between the 'as if' personality, the persona and the false self. The 'as if' personality concerns the action of defensive dissociation deriving from very early experiences of internalizing the presence of an absent object, creating the sense of an internal void at the core of the self. At the same time, the self is capable of acts of self creation through a succession of identifications and internalizations with other sources of environmental nourishment, which substitute for, and are constructed around, the original sense of internal emptiness. Thus are restored, but only up to a point, the resources of the originally diminished self. Until these resources have been used up, the self is often able to excel in activities to an exceptional degree. The countertransference is shown to be the means of both useful but often perilously obtained clinical experience and information, supporting the work along the hazardous analytic journey. Language: en
The Construction of Teacher Identity: an analysis of school practicum discourse

Abstract As schools implement language‐other‐than‐English (LOTE) programmes in response to government policy, increasing numbers of overseas born and educated people satisfying the proficiency requirements in Asian languages have recognised the potential for employment in education. They have been, and will continue to be attracted to teacher‐education courses. This paper is part of a case study which examines the experiences of two Chinese‐born and educated postgraduate students on a three‐week practicum in separate Melbourne secondary schools. The study focuses on the students’ relationships with their supervising teachers; and from the perspective of critical‐discourse analysis, it compares the ways in which the students are positioned and the identities which are constructed for them by their supervising teachers. The study raises concerns about the possible existence of racist discourse within schools and the implications for teacher education.
Prosody and Semantics Are Separate but Not Separable Channels in the Perception of Emotional Speech: Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech.

PURPOSE Our aim is to explore the complex interplay of prosody (tone of speech) and semantics (verbal content) in the perception of discrete emotions in speech. METHOD We implement a novel tool, the Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech. Eighty native English speakers were presented with spoken sentences made of different combinations of 5 discrete emotions (anger, fear, happiness, sadness, and neutral) presented in prosody and semantics. Listeners were asked to rate the sentence as a whole, integrating both speech channels, or to focus on one channel only (prosody or semantics). RESULTS We observed supremacy of congruency, failure of selective attention, and prosodic dominance. Supremacy of congruency means that a sentence that presents the same emotion in both speech channels was rated highest; failure of selective attention means that listeners were unable to selectively attend to one channel when instructed; and prosodic dominance means that prosodic information plays a larger role than semantics in processing emotional speech. CONCLUSIONS Emotional prosody and semantics are separate but not separable channels, and it is difficult to perceive one without the influence of the other. Our findings indicate that the Test for Rating of Emotions in Speech can reveal specific aspects in the processing of emotional speech and may in the future prove useful for understanding emotion-processing deficits in individuals with pathologies.
Detecting Activation Patterns for Working Memory Task: A Study

is an advanced non-invasive technique used by neurologists to measure and study the brain region activations while performing a particular task. The objective of this paper is to observe the activation patterns in healthy controls and schizophrenics while performing working memory task. In order to study this the authors have used data from fBIRN and the working memory task is SIRP(The Sternberg Item Recognition Paradigm). The research flow proposed by the authors is to preprocess the fMRI data and then estimate parameters using GLM(General Linear Models) as observed from design matrix. Finally it concludes by generating activation maps for both healthy controls and schizophrenics along with extracting activated regions for both. The paper is organized in six sections. Section I and II introduces fMRI and schizophrenia. Section III briefly discusses the data acquisition methods, parameters, SIRP task and tools used. Section IV illustrates the entire preprocessing steps. In section V, a brief discussion on parameter estimation is carried out. Section VI concludes the findings made by the authors from generated SPM(Statistical Parametric Mapping) maps.
The source-channel separation theorem revisited

The single-user separation theorem of joint source-channel coding has been proved previously for wide classes of sources and channels. We find an information-stable source/channel pair which does not satisfy the separation theorem. New necessary and sufficient conditions for the transmissibility of a source through a channel are found, and we characterize the class of channels for which the separation theorem holds regardless of the source statistics. >
Emotional intelligence – A review and evaluation study

This article reviews the literature on the subject of “emotional intelligence” (EQ) and attempts to pin‐down and define this nebulous construct, using competency‐based and personality factor scales. In an exploratory study, the reliability and construct and predictive validity of three scales were investigated. An EQ scale based on 16 relevant competencies showed highly promising reliability and validity. The results also showed the relevance of two other competency‐based scales – intellectual intelligence (IQ) and managerial intelligence (MQ) – which both predicted organisational advancement. Taken together, however, the three scales had even higher validity. The overall results supported the view that EQ constructs can be measured more effectively by “performance analysis” than “classic paper and pencil tests”. In addition they provide support for the proposition that the combination of EQ and IQ is a more powerful predictor of “success” than either measure alone.
Coffee: The Most Teachable Commodity?

Abstract One result of globalization is that more of what people consume comes from distant regions through complex transactions hidden from ordinary view. To illuminate such flows, scholars often trace commodity chains following one product from inception to sale. Although most of us cannot escape being involved in commodity chains, we can participate with greater or less responsibility. This article outlines the advantages of studying the coffee chain to understand its relationship to consumer choice and environmental issues.
Political ideologies and non-governmental organizations: an anthropological perspective

How does political ideology inform the changing roles and perceptions of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) within international development policy? This paper adopts an anthropological approach to this question and argues that the ideas that have shaped the growth of interest among donors in NGOs are rooted in the wider politics of how development has come to be ‘managed’. It draws on recent research from the contexts of Bangladesh and the Philippines to illustrate how ideas about governance and the ‘third sector’ are constructed, maintained and transgressed.
FUNCTIONAL MATURATION OF THYMIC LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS IN VITRO

Mouse thymocytes were cultured for short periods of time either alone or with one of two supporting cell populations, splenic adherent cells or thymic epithelial cells. The thymus-derived (T) cell activity of thymocytes cultured on supporting cell populations increased dramatically during 2 days of culture, as assayed in the mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI), response to phytomitogens, and helper cell activity in the in vitro antibody response. The level of activity attained was equal to that of spleen and lymph node lymphocytes and greater than that of steroid-resistant thymocytes. The cultured thymocytes had surface antigens characteristic of mature T lymphocytes with regard to θ and H-2. The appearance of functionally active lymphocytes in vitro depended upon cell division. Most of the active cultured cells arose from cells already undergoing maturation, i.e., from cells with reduced θ determinants and increased H-2 determinants. We therefore have generated a population of thymocytes indistinguishable from peripheral T lymphocytes using simple in vitro techniques. The extent to which the production of these active lymphocytes depends upon in vitro differentiation is discussed.
Differential localization and sequence analysis of capping protein beta- subunit isoforms of vertebrates

Capping protein nucleates the assembly of actin filaments and stabilizes actin filaments by binding to their barbed ends. We describe here a novel isoform of the beta subunit of chicken capping protein, the beta 2 isoform, which arises by alternative splicing. The chicken beta 1 isoform and the beta 2 isoform are identical in their amino acid sequence except for a short region at the COOH terminus; this region of the beta subunit has been implicated in binding actin. Human and mouse cDNAs of the beta 1 and beta 2 isoforms also were isolated and among these vertebrates, the COOH-terminal region of each isoform is highly conserved. In contrast, comparison of the sequences of the vertebrate beta subunit COOH-termini to those of lower eukaryotes shows no similarities. The beta 2 isoform is the predominant isoform of nonmuscle tissues and the beta 1 isoform, which was first characterized in studies of capping protein from chicken muscle, is the predominant isoform of muscle tissues, as shown by immunoblots probed with isoform- specific antibodies and by RNAse protection analysis of mRNAs. The beta 2 isoform also is a component of dynactin complex from brain, which contains the actin-related protein Arp1. Both beta-subunit isoforms are expressed in cardiac muscle but they have non-overlapping subcellular distributions. The beta 1 isoform is at Z-discs of myofibrils, and the beta 2 isoform is enriched at intercalated discs; in cardiac myocytes grown in culture, the beta 2 isoform also is a component of cell-cell junctions and at sites where myofibrils contact the sarcolemma. The biochemical basis for the differential distribution of capping protein isoforms is likely due to interaction with specific proteins at Z-discs and cell-cell junctions, or to preferential association with different actin isoforms. Thus, vertebrates have developed isoforms of capping protein that associate with distinct actin-filament arrays.
Circulating progenitor cells: search for an identity.

Originally, the blood was viewed as a relatively simple tissue that was composed of plasma and a few subsets of immune, inflammatory, and erythrocytic cells. When Cohnheim published in 1867 his finding that “all cells come from the bloodstream and therefore … from the bone marrow,” this outstanding scientist of the nineteenth century could not anticipate the broad and far-reaching implications of his observation.1 At present, Cohnheim’s findings are cited in support of the notion that the bone marrow is the major self-renewing organ of the organism, capable of generating undifferentiated and early committed cells. A paradigm has been created in which the bone marrow constitutes the reservoir of circulating stem (or progenitor) cells that replenish not only the bone marrow itself but also solid organs.2 If this were the case, the bone marrow would have to possess a permissive environment for the early commitment of a totipotent primitive cell that can acquire the features of any differentiated progeny in the organism. This highly immature cell should have the properties of an embryonic stem cell that persists into adulthood and is responsible for cell turnover and organ homeostasis. Two years ago, a bone marrow cell with this enormous growth potential was characterized in vitro,3 but the functional relevance of this multipotent adult progenitor cell is still uncertain. Additionally, the paradigm of the bone marrow as the master regulator of organ function and repair falls short when ischemic injury occurs and this hypothetical embryonic-like stem cell is unable to promote an appreciable form of tissue regeneration. See p 3213 Progenitor cells with clonogenic properties have been detected in the peripheral blood. These cells include hematopoietic, mesenchymal, endothelial, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle precursors. In the article by Wojakowski and collaborators published in the present issue of Circulation , …
The Heat Shock Genes dnaK, dnaJ, and grpE Are Involved in Regulation of Putisolvin Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida PCL1445

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida PCL1445 produces two cyclic lipopeptides, putisolvins I and II, which possess surfactant activity and play an important role in biofilm formation and degradation. In order to identify genes and traits that are involved in the regulation of putisolvin production of PCL1445, a Tn5luxAB library was generated and mutants were selected for the lack of biosurfactant production using a drop-collapsing assay. Sequence analysis of the Tn5luxAB flanking region of one biosurfactant mutant, strain PCL1627, showed that the transposon had inserted in a dnaK homologue which is located downstream of grpE and upstream of dnaJ. Analysis of putisolvin production and expression studies indicate that dnaK, together with the dnaJ and grpE heat shock genes, takes part in the positive regulation (directly or indirectly) of putisolvin biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. Growth of PCL1445 at low temperature resulted in an increased level of putisolvins, and mutant analyses showed that this requires dnaK and dnaJ but not grpE. In addition, putisolvin biosynthesis of PCL1445 was found to be dependent on the GacA/GacS two-component signaling system. Expression analysis indicated that dnaK is positively regulated by GacA/GacS.
Pharmacological Characterization of Adrenergic Alpha and Beta Receptors Mediating the Vasomotor Responses of Cerebral Arteries Ir Vitro

The adrenergic receptors in the isolated feline middle cerebral artery were characterized pharmacologically using a sensitive system for recording circular contractions in vitro. Epinephrine. norepinephrine, isoproterenol. and phenylephrine contracted the vessel in the mentioned order of potency. Together with the inhibitory patterns obtained with graded doses of piperoxan (reversible competitive inhibition) and dibenamine or phenoxybenzamine (irreversible competitive inhibition), these results showed that the contraction was mediated by alpha receptors. With piperoxan and norepinephrine, the mean value for pA2 was 7.06 and for KH1.24 × 10−7M. The mean value for KA calculated for norepinephrine before and after partial irreversible blockade of the alpha receptors with phenoxybenzamine was 1.73 x 10−6M. The norepinephrine response was not directly proportional to the amount of receptors occupied; ED50 was reached when only about 11% of the receptors were occupied and the EAm response was obtained when 75% of the receptors were occupied. Dilation was achieved only after an active tonic contraction had been induced (with 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the vessels, and the order of potency was isoproterenol > norepinephrine - epinephrine > terbutaline. Inhibition with INPEA and propranolol was competitive, as confirmed by Arunlakshana-Schild plots, showing that the dilatory response was a beta-receptor effect. The values for pA2 (8.78 and 9.17) and KH (2.31 × 10−9M and 1.77 × 10−9M) for propranolol were indistinguishable in tests with terbutaline and isoproterenol, respectively. Comparison of the relative potencies of norepinephrine and epinephrine as well as isoproterenol and terbutaline suggested that the receptors were of the beta1 type.
Patient literacy and the readability of written cancer educational materials.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether the reading level of educational materials for patients with cancer corresponds to the reading abilities of a sample of patients. A secondary aim was to describe what type of educational materials patients with cancer report as most helpful. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional. SETTING Outpatient oncology clinics at an urban Veterans Affairs Medical Center. SAMPLE A convenience sample of 63 outpatients with cancer. METHODS Investigators used the Word Recognition Achievement Test-Revised Level (WRAT-R2) to measure patients' reading levels. They used the Flesch Index to analyze the reading levels of the booklets that the patients used (14 booklets developed by the American Cancer Society and 16 developed by the National Cancer Institute). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and a Wilcoxon signed rank test. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Patient and booklet reading levels. FINDINGS The reading level of 27% of the sample was less than that of all 30 pamphlets (less than a sixth-grade reading level). Seventeen percent of the patients had a reading level between sixth and eighth grades (representing 47% of the pamphlets). Twenty-nine percent of the sample had WRAT scores between 9th and 12th grades (representing 80% of the pamphlets). Only 27% had WRAT scores of the 13th grade and above. Twenty-six percent of the patients preferred written educational materials alone, while 57% of patients desired more than one method of instruction. CONCLUSION Written materials for the education of patients with cancer must be carefully matched to patient reading levels. Written materials may not be the only desirable mode of instruction. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Given the increasing complexity of cancer care, shorter hospital stays, and a shift toward busy ambulatory care centers, nurses need to develop creative, innovative, and comprehensive patient education programs that are understandable to patients and that use multiple types of instruction.
Advanced Vision Processor with an Overall Image Processing Unit and Multiple Local Image Processing Modules

This paper proposes a new concept for image recognition and understanding whereby both overall and local image processing are executed in parallel. Using this concept, we have developed an advanced vision processor that can recognize moving objects and handle moving pictures. The vision processor cames out feature extraction for image recognition by means of several local processors in parallel from time varying images on which an overall image processing unit has performed low-level operations such as data conversion and filtering. Special characteristics of the system are that each local processor processes only its region of interest, the division of regions being determined from the image feature and contents. A balloon-juggling robot has been developed to demonstrate the capability of the system. The system recognizes the balloon and measures its 3-D position in real time. The robot hits the balloon by using the 3D data.