Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Difference in somatosensory evoked fields elicited by mechanical and electrical stimulations: Elucidation of the human homunculus by a noninvasive method

We recently recorded somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) elicited by compressing the glabrous skin of the finger and decompressing it by using a photosensor trigger. In that study, the equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) for these evoked fields appeared to be physiologically similar to the ECDs of P30m in median nerve stimulation. We sought to determine the relations of evoked fields elicited by mechanically stimulating the glabrous skin of the great toe and those of electrically produced P40m. We studied SEFs elicited by mechanical and electrical stimulations from the median and tibial nerves. The orientations of dipoles from the mechanical stimulations were from anterior‐to‐posterior, similar to the orientations of dipoles for P30m. The direction of the dipole around the peak of N20m from median nerve electrical stimulation was opposite to these directions. The orientations of dipoles around the peak of P40m by tibial nerve stimulation were transverse, whereas those by the compression and decompression stimulation of the toe were directed from anterior‐to‐posterior. The concordance of the orientations in ECDs for evoked fields elicited by mechanical and electrical stimulations suggests that the ECDs of P40m are physiologically similar to those of P30m but not to those of N20m. The discrepancy in orientations in ECDs for evoked field elicited by these stimulations in the lower extremity suggests that electrical and compression stimulations elicit evoked fields responding to fast surface rubbing stimuli and/or stimuli to the muscle and joint. Hum. Brain Mapping 24:274–283, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The energy trade-offs of adapting to a water-scarce future: case study of Los Angeles

Increasing water competition, population growth and global climate change will intensify the tension between water and energy resources in arid climates of the world, since energy costs underscore the challenges facing water security in dry regions. In few places is the tension between water and energy resources more pronounced than in Los Angeles, California. This article analyzes the city’s current water supply and estimates its future energy requirements based on water supply projections from the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Results suggest that while increasing local water management strategies could reduce the future energy intensity of the water supply, an increased reliance on water transfers could worsen its future energy intensity.
Anosognosia: examining the disconnection hypothesis

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that anosognosia for hemiparesis results from intrahemispheric disconnection. METHODS Using right carotid barbiturate injection as a model for anosognosia for hemiparesis, systematic attempts were made to modify deficit awareness by providing the left hemisphere with explicit information regarding left upper extremity function. RESULTS Experimental interventions failed to modify deficit awareness in 19 of 32 patients. In those patients who discovered their weakness, attempted movement of the weak limb seems more important than explicit observation of the extremity by the left hemisphere. CONCLUSIONS The results fail to support Geschwind’s disconnection hypothesis for anosognosia for hemiparesis.
Recall-to-reject: The effect of category cues on false recognition

Four experiments examined the effect of category cueing on recall-to-reject, one of the central memory-editing mechanisms thought to prevent the occurrence of false memories. When category names were used as retrieval cues, the typically observed false recognition effect was eliminated for semantically associated distractors (Experiment 1a) and, moreover, a reduction in the absolute level of the false alarm rate was found for phonologically associated distractors (Experiment 2a). In addition to the old/new-recognition data, analyses using multinomial models support the interpretation that category cueing was successful in increasing the probability of recall-to-reject (Experiments 1b and 2b). The results are in line with dual-process theories of recognition memory and provide further evidence for recall-to-reject in single item recognition. They demonstrate its potential to reduce false recognition even when explicit instructions are not given. In addition, the results demonstrate that the paradigm can give rise to side effects that oppose recall-to-reject. A simultaneous familiarity increase can explain why many studies failed to find evidence for recall-to-reject in terms of false alarm rates.
Unlocking Flexibility: Integrated Optimization and Control of Multienergy Systems

Electricity, natural gas, water, and dis trict heating/cooling systems are predominantly planned and operated independently. However, it is increasingly recognized that integrated optimization and control of such systems at multiple spatiotemporal scales can bring significant socioeconomic, operational efficiency, and environmental benefits. Accordingly, the concept of the multi-energy system is gaining considerable attention, with the overarching objectives of 1) uncovering fundamental gains (and potential drawbacks) that emerge from the integrated operation of multiple systems and 2) developing holistic yet computationally affordable optimization and control methods that maximize operational benefits, while 3) acknowledging intrinsic interdependencies and quality-of-service requirements for each provider.
Rasmussen's encephalitis.

BACKGROUND Rasmussen's encephalitis is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disease disorder of unknown etiology. OBJECTIVES The aim of this report was to create an awareness of Rasmussen's encephalitis in our clinical practice in Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched online for literature on Rasmussen's encephalitis with an emphasis on documented cases in Africa and in blacks all over the world. RESULTS Master F.M. , a 14-year-old male, presented with history of recurrent seizures on three occasions. The first was after an upper respiratory tract infection, the second was a post-complicated meningo-encephalitis and the third episode was associated with receptive aphasia, hemiparesis and intellectual impairment. Neuroimaging studies revealed cerebellar atrophy and infarction of territory of the middle cerebral artery. His electroencephalogram showed bi-frontal theta activity left>right and poly spikes left>>right, diagnostic of complex partial seizures. In a period of 12 months, his gait and speech had improved while his intellectual impairment permitted re-admission into a lower academic class. He is presently on phenytion and prednisolone tablets only. CONCLUSION Master F.M. had all the clinical features buttressed with neuroimaging results of a clinically probable Rasmussen's encephalitis. However, an advanced neuroimaging study is needed to detect and quantify hemispherical volume loss.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: INFLUENCE OF FEED WITHDRAWAL FOR THREE HOUR TIME PERIOD ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS PARAMETERS OF LATER STAGE OF MALE BROILER CHICKENS

A profitable broiler feeding strategy should maximize final body weight and lean tissue production using minimum amount of feed. Studies of Plavnik and Hurwitz (1985, 1988 and 1991) proposed that early feed restriction strategies increased the growth and feed efficiency with reduced carcass fat. Those studies showed that early growth retardation resulting from feed restriction in broiler chicks induced an accelerated growth termed as compensatory growth, when feed was given ad libitum after a period of restriction. However, later studies have shown that though in general growth was compensated, final body weight of the restricted birds could be low (Leterrier et al. 1988; Cabel and Waldroup, 1990; Ballay et al. 1992; Bruno et al. 2000) or similar (Calvert et al. 1987; Summers et al. 1990; Pinchasov and Jensen, 1989) or even higher (Cherry et al. 1978) compared to ad libitum fed counterparts. Similar Feed restriction strategies are proven to be effective in increasing the growth performance and carcass parameters of broiler chickens. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effects of feed removal for three hour time period on growth performance and carcass parameters of relatively older male broiler chickens. Twenty days old male broiler chickens (n=80) were allocated into 16 floor pens. Birds in eight pens were fed ad libitum while those in other eight pens were fasted for 3 hours per day (13.00-16.00) during 21-42 d experimental period. There was a slight feed intake reduction (P<0.01) due to feed restriction during 21-25 d, but not thereafter. When feed was offered after three hours of deprivation, birds consumed significantly (P<0.01) higher amount of feed within first two hours, compared to the feed intake of ad libitum group during the same time period. Birds fed ad libitum were heavier (P<0.05) on day 42 but not on days 25, 30 and 35. Feed restriction significantly reduced the weight gain between 35-42 d (P <0.01) and the total weight gain (P<0.05) from day 21-42. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) between 30-42 d was significantly (P<0.05) lower under ad libitum feeding, and also overall FCR from 21-42 d was affected by the feeding regimes. Restricted feeding increased the total giblet weight (liver+heart+gizzard) (P<0.10), the carcass weight (P<0.01) and dressing percentage (P<0.05) while reduced (P<0.01) the length of the small intestine relative to carcass weight. Restricted feeding tended to reduce (P<0.10) the percentage of abdominal fat. The results conclude that feed restriction for three hours per day from days 21-42 increased dressing percentage while reducing abdominal fat content of matured male broiler chicken.
Blood transfusion practices in liver transplantation

Blood loss and blood transfusion have been inherently associated with liver transplantation. Bleeding has been attributed to the various factors which are associated with chronic liver dysfunction. Various surgical and anaesthetic strategies have been developed over the years to reduce bleeding and also to optimise the usage of various blood and blood products perioperatively. The present day success of liver transplantation can be attributed to these issues where transfusion practices have changed. Although several centres are successfully performing liver transplantations in large numbers, there is still a large variability in the usage of blood and blood products perioperatively among the institutions and even among different anaesthesiologists from the same institution. The present article deals with the various factors confounding this concept of blood transfusion practices and the various strategies adopted to reduce the transfusion requirements in the perioperative period.
Outbreak of subclinical mastitis in a flock of dairy goats associated with atypical Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a pathogen frequently isolated from dairy cows and small ruminants. However, it always appears in only a few animals and not as a major pathogen. Recently, in a dairy goat herd of approximately 250 milking animals, 25·6% (46/180 goats) had milk cultures with atypical highly mucoid colonies accompanied by elevated somatic cell counts. The isolates were identified as Staph. haemolyticus. The present study describes the steps used in an attempt to identify the bacterium and to compare it with other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) including Staph. haemolyticus. Species identification performed with the API STAPH-IDENT 32 kit showed >99·4% identity confirmed by 16S rDNA sequencing tests. Microscopically the atypical Staph. haemolyticus strains showed unique cuboidal tetrad clusters reminiscent of those of the genus Sarcina. The outbreak caused by an atypical CNS underlines the need for accurate biochemical and genetic methods for ultimate identification of CNS to the species level.
Spatial-temporal patterns in hardware oriented oscillatory CNN architectures

The analysis and the detection of spatial-temporal patterns are extremely important to unfold the main features of numerous biological phenomena. It is also essential to conceive hardware oriented architectures in order to realize VLSI platforms that are able to process and recognize spatial-temporal patterns without breaking them into frames. Oscillatory networks, whose dynamical behavior is described by large system of ordinary differential equation, represent a suitable paradigm to describe many spatial-temporal time-periodic patterns. The aim of the manuscript is to show that locally connected oscillatory networks (oscillatory CNNs) with linear memoryless and space-invariant interactions act as globally connected oscillatory networks with linear dynamical interactions under the constraint that the couplings involve at least two components of the oscillator state vector. The space-invariant local connectivity permits to realize simple prototype hardware platforms for processing spatial-temporal patterns.
Reproductive performance of sows fed elevated calcium and phosphorus levels during growth and development.

A cooperative regional study (S-145) involving 586 farrowings was conducted at five state experiment stations (Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia) to determine the influence of feeding elevated Ca and P levels during growth and development on general reproductive efficiency and longevity of confined, housed females kept for three consecutive parities. Two dietary Ca and P levels (100 vs 150% of 1979 NRC-recommended amounts) were fed ad libitum from weaning to 100 kg. A diet containing . 8% Ca and . 6% P was limit-fed to all gilts and to all sows during gestation and lactation. Growth rate and feed efficiency from weaning to 100 kg were similar (P greater than .10) for gilts fed 100 vs 150% Ca and P levels. A similar total number of litters (292 vs 294) was farrowed by each previous treatment group. From the previously-fed-100% Ca and P group, 78 and 65% of the sows that completed the first parity completed the second and third farrowing, respectively. Similarly, from the previously-fed-150% Ca and P group, 81 and 57% completed the second and third farrowing, respectively. Across all locations, total pigs born, live pigs born, stillborns, birth weight, number and weight of pigs at 21 d of age, sow weight at 110 d of gestation and at weaning did not differ (P greater than .10) between the two previously fed sow groups. There were significant location and farrowing effects, but most two-way interactions with Ca and P levels were not significant. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Document Title: Drug-facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape: A National Study

To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally-funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Having accurate information about the scope, nature, and consequences of rape in the United States is critically important. This information can help policymakers make well-informed decisions, and may be used to guide the development of rape prevention and intervention services. Data on rape from national samples are especially useful because they give some indication of the magnitude of the problem in the nation as a whole. We interviewed 5,000 U.S. women aged 18-86. Of these, 3,001 comprised a national sample representing all U.S. women and 2,000 comprised a national sample representing women currently attending U.S. colleges and universities. The existence of both samples allowed us to examine the distinct needs of women in both community-and university-based settings to identify resources that might uniquely benefit them. This report provides information addressing four key goals: • To identify how many women in the U.S. and in college settings have ever been raped or sexually assaulted during their lifetime and within the past year. This includes the number of women who have experienced rape that involves (a) force (i.e., forcible rape); (b) drugs, alcohol, or other intoxicants deliberately given to the victim by the perpetrator (i.e., drug-facilitated rape); or (c) self-induced intoxication by the victim (i.e., incapacitated rape). • To identify key case characteristics of drug-facilitated and forcible rapes, including the percentage of cases that involve injury, involve strangers vs. known perpetrators, are reported to law enforcement, involve receipt of medical care, and enter the criminal justice system. • To examine factors that affect the willingness of women to report rape to law enforcement or seek help from their support network. • To make comparisons between the different types of rape with regard to (a) the numbers of women affected in the U.S. and college settings, (b) risk factors, (c) reporting to law enforcement, and (d) mental health consequences. Rape in America Our findings indicate that about 20 million out of 112 million women (18.0%) in the U.S. have ever been raped during their lifetime. This includes an estimated 18 million women who have been forcibly raped, nearly 3 million women who have experienced drug-facilitated rape, and 3 …
Anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To examine the level of anxiety experienced by individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Data from 2 previous studies were used to compare the level of anxiety (measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) in the following 4 subgroups: a general RA sample, a general osteoarthritis sample, a sample with both RA and major depression, and a normative sample of age-equivalent, working adults. Canonical correlations were used to examine associations between measures of anxiety and measures of both stress and depression. The relationship between anxiety and duration of RA was also explored. RESULTS The general RA sample had state anxiety levels that were comparable to the normative sample, although trait anxiety levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001). In addition, individuals with RA who also met criteria for depression exhibited significantly higher levels of both state anxiety (P < 0.0001) and trait anxiety (P < 0.0001) than was observed in the normative sample. Canonical correlations revealed that measures of anxiety were correlated with both measures of depression (r = 0.83) and measures of stress (r = 0.50). Anxiety was not found to be significantly related to RA disease duration. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that individuals with RA, especially if concomitantly depressed, tend to exhibit levels of anxiety that are generally higher than a normative group of age-equivalent, working adults. The substantial canonical correlations between anxiety and both depression and stress revealed that anxiety shares variance with these more frequently studied variables in RA. However, anxiety was not found to be related to RA disease duration.
Assessment of Peripheral Neuropathy Using Measurement of the Current Perception Threshold with the Neurometer® in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Measurement of current perception threshold (CPT) using the Neurometer® at 2000, 250 and 5 Hz assesses function in three different nerve fibre types. This method was used to investigate peripheral neuropathy in 116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 38 healthy controls. The CPT at 2000 Hz was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls, and showed a significant negative correlation with motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. At 250 Hz, CPT showed a significant positive correlation with the vibration perception threshold. At 5 Hz, the change in systolic blood pressure in the Schellong test in patients with hypoaesthesia tended to be less than in those with normal sensation or hyperaesthesia. Significantly higher CPT values were obtained in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macroalbuminuria. These data suggest that CPT is useful in detecting abnormalities of myelinated as opposed to unmyelinated nerve fibres in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Usefulness of a nutraceutical diet to improve QOL and drugs use in a dog affected by a mast cell tumor: A case report.

On October 2014, a 10-years-old male neutered boxer presented to the Wiligelmo Veterinary Clinic of Modena (Italy) for the sudden onset of 3 cutaneous nodular lesions (Figure 1). The first, a large movable lesion, was clearly visible on the dorsal face of the second finger of the right forepaw (Figures 1A and 1B), which was linked to the paw by means of a tight peduncle. Intriguingly the skin of this lesion resulted intact, neither alopecic nor with signs of dermatitis. The second lesion, on right side of the tail, was subcutaneous, poorly movable and with a blackish, alopecic but not ulcerated skin (Figure 1C). The same features characterized the third lesion on the left dorsal side of the gluteus region (Figure 1D).
An Integrative Framework for the Appraisal of Coloration in Nature

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral information and heightened appreciation for how animals view the world differently than humans. Effective study of color traits is challenged by how to best quantify visual perception in nonhuman species. This requires consideration of at least visual physiology but ultimately also the neural processes underlying perception. Our knowledge of color perception is founded largely on the principles gained from human psychophysics that have proven generalizable based on comparative studies in select animal models. Appreciation of these principles, their empirical foundation, and the reasonable limits to their applicability is crucial to reaching informed conclusions in color research. In this article, we seek a common intellectual basis for the study of color in nature. We first discuss the key perceptual principles, namely, retinal photoreception, sensory channels, opponent processing, color constancy, and receptor noise. We then draw on this basis to inform an analytical framework driven by the research question in relation to identifiable viewers and visual tasks of interest. Consideration of the limits to perceptual inference guides two primary decisions: first, whether a sensory-based approach is necessary and justified and, second, whether the visual task refers to perceptual distance or discriminability. We outline informed approaches in each situation and discuss key challenges for future progress, focusing particularly on how animals perceive color. Given that animal behavior serves as both the basic unit of psychophysics and the ultimate driver of color ecology/evolution, behavioral data are critical to reconciling knowledge across the schools of color research.
A revised nomenclature for allergy: An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force

This report has been prepared by an EAACI task force representing the five EAACI Sections and the EAACI Executive Committee composed of specialists that reflect the broad opinion on allergy expressed by various clinical and basic specialties dealing with allergy. The aim of this report is to propose a revised nomenclature for allergic and related reactions that can be used independently of target organ or patient age group. The nomenclature is based on the present knowledge of the mechanisms which initiate and mediate allergic reactions. However, the intention has not been to revise the nomenclature of nonallergic hypersensitivity.