Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyclic di-GMP differentially tunes a bacterial flagellar motor through a novel class of CheY-like regulators

The flagellar motor is a sophisticated rotary machine facilitating locomotion and signal transduction. Owing to its important role in bacterial behavior, its assembly and activity are tightly regulated. For example, chemotaxis relies on a sensory pathway coupling chemical information to rotational bias of the motor through phosphorylation of the motor switch protein CheY. Using a chemical proteomics approach, we identified a novel family of CheY-like (Cle) proteins in Caulobacter crescentus, which tune flagellar activity in response to binding of the second messenger c-di-GMP to a C-terminal extension. In their c-di-GMP bound conformation Cle proteins interact with the flagellar switch to control motor activity. We show that individual Cle proteins have adopted discrete cellular functions by interfering with chemotaxis and by promoting rapid surface attachment of motile cells. This study broadens the regulatory versatility of bacterial motors and unfolds mechanisms that tie motor activity to mechanical cues and bacterial surface adaptation.
The PIA Property of Low Degree Non-uniform Triangular B-B Patches

Progressive-iterative approximation presents an intuitive way to generate a sequence of curves or patches, whose limit interpolates the given data points. It has been shown that the blending curves and tensor product blending patches with normalized totally positive basis have the progressive-iterative approximation property. In this paper, we prove that, the quadratic, cubic, and quartic non-uniform triangular Bernstein-B´ezier patches also have the progressive-iterative approximation property. Since the most often empolyed in geometric design are the low degree curves or patches, especially the cubic curves and patches, the result shown in this paper has practical significance for geometric design.
Is Utilitarianism Risky? How the Same Antecedents and Mechanism Produce Both Utilitarian and Risky Choices

Philosophers and psychologists have long been interested in identifying factors that influence moral judgment. In the current analysis, we compare the literatures on moral psychology and decision making under uncertainty to propose that utilitarian choices are driven by the same forces that lead to risky choices. Spanning from neurocognitive to hormonal to interpersonal levels of analysis, we identify six antecedents that increase both utilitarian and risky choices (ventromedial prefrontal cortex brain lesions, psychopathology, testosterone, incidental positive affect, power, and social connection) and one antecedent that reduces these choices (serotonin activity). We identify the regulation of negative affect as a common mechanism through which the effects of each antecedent on utilitarian and risky choices are explained. By demonstrating that the same forces and the same underlying mechanism that produce risky choices also promote utilitarian choices, we offer a deeper understanding of how basic psychological systems underlie moral judgment.
Neutralization-Sensitive R5-Tropic Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV-2873Nip, Which Carries env Isolated from an Infant with a Recent HIV Clade C Infection

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus clade C (HIV-C) accounts for >56% of all HIV infections worldwide. To investigate vaccine safety and efficacy in nonhuman primates, a pathogenic, R5-tropic, neutralization-sensitive simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) carrying HIV-C env would be desirable. We have constructed SHIV-2873Ni, an R5-tropic SHIV carrying a primary pediatric HIV-C env gene isolated from a 2-month-old Zambian infant, who died within 1 year of birth. SHIV-2873Ni was constructed using SHIV-1157ipd3N4 (R. J. Song, A. L. Chenine, R. A. Rasmussen, C. R. Ruprecht, S. Mirshahidi, R. D. Grisson, W. Xu, J. B. Whitney, L. M. Goins, H. Ong, P. L. Li, E. Shai-Kobiler, T. Wang, C. M. McCann, H. Zhang, C. Wood, C. Kankasa, W. E. Secor, H. M. McClure, E. Strobert, J. G. Else, and R. M. Ruprecht. J. Virol. 80:8729-8738, 2006) as the backbone, since the latter contains additional NF-κB sites in the long terminal repeats to enhance viral replicative capacity. The parental virus, SHIV-2873Ni, was serially passaged through five rhesus monkeys (RMs); SHIV-2873Nip, the resulting passaged virus, was reisolated from the fourth recipient about 1 year postinoculation. SHIV-2873Nip was replication competent in RM peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all random donors tested and was exclusively R5 tropic, and its env gene clustered with HIV-C by phylogenetic analysis; its high sensitivity to neutralization led to classification as a tier 1 virus. Indian-origin RMs were inoculated by different mucosal routes, resulting in high peak viral RNA loads. Signs of virus-induced disease include depletion of gut CD4+ T lymphocytes, loss of memory T cells in blood, and thrombocytopenia that resulted in fatal cerebral hemorrhage. SHIV-2873Nip is a highly replication-competent, mucosally transmissible, pathogenic R5-tropic virus that will be useful to study viral pathogenesis and to assess the efficacy of immunogens targeting HIV-C Env.
Modelling the Hafnium–Neodymium Evolution of Early Earth: A Study from West Greenland

The processes of partial melting and the segregation and migration of melt underpin the differentiation of the lithosphere. The Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf isotopic systems, which are sensitive to these processes, behave similarly during mantle–crust differentiation, leading to isotopically coupled primary (basaltic) and continental (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite, TTG) crustal compositions that deﬁne a linear terrestrial fractionation array in e Nd vs e Hf space. However, Eoarchaean basalts and TTGs from West Greenland do not sit on this trend and are isotopically decoupled, which may re-ﬂect their extraction from a mantle with a non-chondritic composition. We explore the effects of source composition vs fractionation on the production and evolution of early Archaean crust. We use phase equilibria and trace element modelling to characterize the Hf–Nd isotopic evolution of a chain of melting from anhydrous mantle through hydrated basalt to TTG. We show that (cid:2) 20% decompression melting of anhydrous mantle with a superchondritic Sm/Nd but chondritic Lu/Hf composition at a mantle potential temperature appropriate to the early Archaean produces basaltic melts with an isotopic composition similar to those measured in Eoarchaean tholeiitic basalts from Isua, West Greenland. In turn, 5–30% melting of hydrated basalt produces TTG melts with Hf–Nd isotopic compositions similar to those measured in Eoarchaean TTGs from the Itsaq Gneiss Complex, West Greenland. Thus, we chart a chain of melting from an isotopically decoupled Hf–Nd mantle composition to isotopically decoupled maﬁc and felsic crust. Our modelling deﬁnes an overall Hf–Nd isotopic fractionation trend that is parallel to, but offset from, that deﬁned by modern rocks with coupled compositions. Primitive mantle contamination by 5% recycled continental crust (TTG) requires a higher degree of mantle melting (30%) to produce basaltic melt with a Hf–Nd composition similar to the Isua basalts. A mantle composition with greater than 5% crustal contamination is more enriched than the Isua basalts, placing an upper limit on the amount of crustal contaminant. A non-chondritic mantle source composition in the early Archaean likely imposed a ﬁrst order control on the subsequent production of crust with decoupled Hf–Nd compositions.
Learning Generalized Policies in Planning Using Concept Languages

In this paper we are concerned with the problem of learning how to solve planning problems in one domain given a number of solved instances. This problem is formulated as the problem of inferring a function that operates over all instances in the domain and maps states and goals into actions. We call such functions generalized policies and the question that we address is how to learn suitable representations of generalized policies from data. This question has been addressed recently by Roni Khardon 16]. Khardon represents generalized policies using an ordered list of existentially quantiied rules that are inferred from a training set using a version of Rivest's learning algorithm 22]. Here, we follow Khardon's approach but represent generalized policies in a diierent way using a concept language. We show through a number of experiments in the blocks-world that the concept language yields a better policy using a smaller set of examples and no background knowledge. The policy representation is related to the indexical-functional representations advocated by Agre and Chap-man 1] and domain concepts such as`the-next-needed-block' andà-well-placed-block' are identiied from scratch.
Aberrant Pax1 and Pax9 expression in Jarcho‐Levin syndrome: Report of two Caucasian siblings and literature review

We report two consecutive Caucasian male siblings of nonconsanguineous parents autopsied at 22 and 13 weeks gestational age both with prenatal diagnosis of Jarcho‐Levin syndrome (JLS). Segmentation anomalies of the vertebrae and ribs encompass a spectrum of syndromes with or without associated anomalies of other developmental fields, and include spondylothoracic dysostosis (STD), JLS, Casamassima‐Morton‐Nance (CMN) syndrome, and spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD), among others. In both these new JLS cases the autopsies confirmed that there were severe developmental alterations in the thoracic and vertebral skeleton (including “crab‐like” thorax), accompanied in the older fetus by renal defects. Because vertebral development is controlled by a limited number of master genes including Pax1 and Pax9, we analyzed protein expression from these genes in these two cases compared to age‐matched controls. Immunochemical analysis showed a significant reduction in levels of Pax1 and Pax9 protein expression in chondrocytes of the vertebral column. Implications for the etiology and pathogenesis of JLS and related disorders are discussed. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of Spent Bleaching Earth and Its Utilization for Improving Manure-based Biogas Production

Aim of the Study : To utilize spent bleaching earth (SBE) to improve biogas production efficiency through co-digesting with manure and provide a practical way of disposing the SBE. Design of the Study: The SBE was collected from two edible oil refineries in Dar-es salaam, Tanzania. Composition was analysed in triplicate to determine its suitability for biogas production. Thereafter, the SBE was mixed with manure at (%) 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100 for biogas production. Methodology: The residual oil from the SBE was recovered via solvent extraction system (soxtherm). Total solids, volatile solids and pH were determined using standard methods. Physicochemical parameters of the SBE were determined using AOCS Official methods. Total carbon and total nitrogen were analysed using elemental analyser whereas the fatty acid profile of the residue oil was established using gas-chromatography techniques. Methane potential of mixtures SBE and manure at different proportions was investigated using a multi-channel analyser, methane potential test system in 500 mL glass bottles with reaction volume of 300 mL. Place and Duration of Study: The study was completed in 2 years from 2015-2016. Samples of Original Research Article Moshi; BJI, 17(4): 1-13, 2017; Article no.BJI. 31601 2 SBE were collected from two edible oil refineries in Dar-es salaam, Tanzania from March to July 2015 and all experiements were conducted between January and April 2016 at Tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization. Results: Two types of waste; soapstock ca.3150 metric tons and SBE ca.2800 metric tons are generated per year. SBE contains high percentage (%) of total solids ca.98, volatiles solids 35, oil content 30 and C: N ratio 258. Macronutrients expressed in percentage (%) were MgO 4.6, CaO 4.2, K2O 1.0, P2O 55.2, whereas as micronutrients were (%) F2O3 8.0 and MnO2 0.1. Mixing of cow dung manure with SBE at the rate of 50% on volatile solids bases improved methane yield by 9-fold (508ml/gVS compared to 55ml/gVs for only manure). The methane yield for only SBE was 16-fold (867 mL/gVS) compared to only manure (55ml/gVs). The SBE is therefore a cheap, abundantly available, excellent substrate for biogas production.
[Rates and histological characteristics of rectal polyps in childhood].

AIM OF STUDY To determine a single centre incidence, rate of early and late complications and sequelae and histological characteristics of solitary rectosigmoideal polyps in children. METHODS Retrospective analysis of hospital charts and histological characteristics of patients operated for rectosigmoideal polyps between January 1995 and December 2005. There were 23 children operated on, the study group consists of 20 patients (3 patients were excluded because of insufficient documentation). Demographics, symptomatology, season of first manifestation, localization, histology, postoperative complications and recurrence rate were evaluated. RESULTS There were 7 boys and 13 girls in the study group (1:1.9), age at manifestation was 2-17 years (average 5.6 y.). The presenting symptom was bleeding in 14 pts, anal prolaps once and combination of both symptoms 5 times. The polyps were localized 3-15 cm from anocutaneous border, on the posterior intestinal wall. Histological examination showed a juvenile polyp in 15 (75%) patients, atypical juvenile polyp and inflammatory polyp in 2 patients each and lymphoid polyp in one case. One patient suffered from a mild bleeding postoperatively. No recurrence was noted. CONCLUSION Polyps in children are rare, surgical removal of polyps is a relatively easy operation with minimum complications. Long term follow-up is not necessary. The seasonal occurrence of first symptoms predominantly in autumn and winter months (19 pts) has not been to our knowledge previously published.
An Entropy-Based Fuzzy Controllers QoS Routing Algorithm in MANET

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the provision of quality of service (QoS) guarantees is much more challenging than in wireline networks, mainly due to node mobility, multihop communications, contention for channel access, and a lack of central coordination. This paper introduces an Entropy-based Fuzzy controllers QoS Routing algorithm in MANET (EFQRM). The key idea of EFQRM algorithm is to construct the new metric-entropy and fuzzy controllers with the help of entropy metric to reduce the number of route reconstruction so as to provide QoS guarantee in the ad hoc network. The simulation results show that the proposed approach and parameters provide an accurate and efficient method of estimating and evaluating the route stability in dynamic MANETs.
Research on the Knowledge Management of the College Students' Organizations

This article describes the current situation of college students' organizations and explains the necessity to manage the college students' organizations in a scientific way. With the introduction of knowledge management, we have put forward a general model for knowledge management of the college students' organizations in terms of the three aspects: fundamental factors, basic and supporting activities. And we also put forward the "spring model" on the basis of the transformation of the knowledge.
MACULAR FUNCTIONAL CHANGES EVALUATED WITH MP-1 MICROPERIMETRY AFTER INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR SUBFOVEAL MYOPIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION: One-Year Results

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate 1-year functional and structural effects of intravitreal bevacizumab for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia (myopic choroidal neovascularization). Methods: Fifteen eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization participated in this prospective interventional, noncomparative case series. All patients were treated with one intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab. Retreatments were performed in case of persistent or recurrent leakage on fluorescein angiography and/or intraretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography. Evaluation of best-corrected visual acuity using Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria, MP-1 microperimetry, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were performed before treatment and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. Results: After a follow-up of 12 months, best-corrected visual acuity improved on average of 0.23 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. Mean macular sensitivity within the central 8° increased on average of 2.62 dB at 12-month postinjection. The mean number of measurement points within the central absolute scotoma reduced significantly from 12.47 before treatment to 6.27 at 1-year follow-up. An improvement of fixation stability from baseline was observed in 9 patients (60%). No treatment adverse events were evidenced. Conclusion: Improvement of macular sensitivity and fixation stability 1 year after intravitreal bevacizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization suggest a stable and progressive macular function recovery. The mean treatment session was 1.53, with 53.3% of patients needing only a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection, supporting a potential long-lasting efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment.
Birth Length is a Predictor of Adiponectin Levels in Japanese Young Children

ABSTRACT Background: Adiponectin has been shown to be inversely related to birth weight in schoolchildren and adolescents. However, the available information regarding a relation between birth size and adiponectin in infants and preschoolers is limited. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted among healthy Japanese children, and serum adiponectin levels were measured at consecutive visits. The effect of sex, gestational age, birth length, birth weight, or placental weight on adiponectin was analyzed by using a linear mixed model for repeated measures. Results: Eighty-three children were evaluated. The age range at the first visit was 0.07–5.3 years. A total number of 227 measurements were made, 1–12 per subject (median, 3) and the duration of follow-up ranged from 1 day to 2.3 years (median, 1.0 years). The subjects were divided into four groups according to the age at the first visit: (1) 0–2 months (n = 29), (2) 3 months to 1 year (n = 17), (3) 2–3 years (n = 19) and (4) 4–5 years (n = 18). In the multivariate model, birth length (coefficient = 3.94, 95% CI, 0.23–7.65) was an independent predictor of serum adiponectin levels in subjects aged 0–2 months. Gestational age (3.53, 1.14–5.92), birth length (–2.71, –4.90 to –0.53) and placental weight (2.58, 0.86–4.29) were independent predictors of serum adiponectin levels in subjects aged 4–5 years. Conclusion: Birth length, not birth weight, is an independent predictor of serum adiponectin levels in Japanese young children.
Objets Sonores: Une Représentation Bio-Inspirée Hiérarchique Parcimonieuse À Très Grandes Dimensions Utilisable En Reconnaissance; Auditory Objects: Bio-Inspired Hierarchical Sparse High Dimensional Representation for Recognition

L'accent est plac\'e dans cet article sur la structure hi\'erarchique, l'aspect parcimonieux de la repr\'esentation de l'information sonore, la tr\`es grande dimension des caract\'eristiques ainsi que sur l'ind\'ependance des caract\'eristiques permettant de d\'efinir les composantes des objets sonores. Les notions d'objet sonore et de repr\'esentation neuronale sont d'abord introduites, puis illustr\'ees avec une application en analyse de signaux sonores vari\'es: parole, musique et environnements naturels ext\'erieurs. Finalement, un nouveau syst\`eme de reconnaissance automatique de parole est propos\'e. Celui-ci est compar\'e \`a un syst\`eme statistique conventionnel. Il montre tr\`es clairement que l'analyse par objets sonores introduit une grande polyvalence et robustesse en reconnaissance de parole. Cette int\'egration des connaissances en neurosciences et traitement des signaux acoustiques ouvre de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine de la reconnaissance de signaux acoustiques. The emphasis is put on the hierarchical structure, independence and sparseness aspects of auditory signal representations in high-dimensional spaces, so as to define the components of auditory objects. The concept of an auditory object and its neural representation is introduced. An illustrative application then follows, consisting in the analysis of various auditory signals: speech, music and natural outdoor environments. A new automatic speech recognition (ASR) system is then proposed and compared to a conventional statistical system. The proposed system clearly shows that an object-based analysis introduces a great flexibility and robustness for the task of speech recognition. The integration of knowledge from neuroscience and acoustic signal processing brings new ways of thinking to the field of classification of acoustic signals.
A Generalized Flow-Based Method for Analysis of Implicit Relationships on Wikipedia

We focus on measuring relationships between pairs of objects in Wikipedia whose pages can be regarded as individual objects. Two kinds of relationships between two objects exist: in Wikipedia, an explicit relationship is represented by a single link between the two pages for the objects, and an implicit relationship is represented by a link structure containing the two pages. Some of the previously proposed methods for measuring relationships are cohesion-based methods, which underestimate objects having high degrees, although such objects could be important in constituting relationships in Wikipedia. The other methods are inadequate for measuring implicit relationships because they use only one or two of the following three important factors: distance, connectivity, and cocitation. We propose a new method using a generalized maximum flow which reflects all the three factors and does not underestimate objects having high degree. We confirm through experiments that our method can measure the strength of a relationship more appropriately than these previously proposed methods do. Another remarkable aspect of our method is mining elucidatory objects, that is, objects constituting a relationship. We explain that mining elucidatory objects would open a novel way to deeply understand a relationship.
Comparison of Memory System Behavior in Java and Non-Java Commercial Workloads

In this paper, we compare the memory system behavior of Perl and Java versions of SPECweb99. We find that the memory behaviors of these two versions of SPECweb99 are very different. The Java version incurs 213% more cache misses than the Perl version for a 1 MB second level cache and 179% more misses for a 16 MB cache. Much of this increase is due to true sharing, which is 222% to 415% higher in the Java workload than in Perl. We find that for 1 MB caches, the exclusive state is effective, since it is able to remove 24% and 61% of the write upgrades for Perl and Java respectively. However, for 8 MB caches, the exclusive state only removes 1% to 5% of the upgrades. Also, it is important to have an efficient mechanism for cache to cache transfers, since 71% to 87% of the second level cache misses hit a modified line in another processor’s cache when using 8 MB second level caches. Our early results show that processor consistency can improve the performance of Perl and Java SPECweb99 by 14% and 22% over sequential consistency. Surprisingly, we find that removing all of the serializations in processor consistency degrades the performance of the Java workload by 11%.
A Note on Asymptotic Equilibrium for Fuzzy Differential Equations

The asymptotic equilibrium results for fuzzy differential systems are investigated, where satisfies the compactness-type and satisfies the dissipative-type conditions. It is worth mentioning that the uniformly continuous conditions of are removed in Song et al. (2005). That is to say, the results of Song et al. (2005) are extended. In addition, the global existence and asymptotic equilibrium results of fuzzy differential systems are obtained.