Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Globalization and Welfare Compensation: Disentangling the Ties that Bind

Three perspectives dominate debate over the relationship between globalization and the welfare state in industrialized countries: that globalization constrains the welfare that hitherto legitimated openness, that globalization still sparks demands for welfare while opening few forces to flee or fight against it, and that openness has little effect on welfare. A closer look at the “globalization” and “welfare” aggregates on which most scholars focus, however, reveals varying politics connecting different elements of globalization and welfare that may help reconcile this debate. First, compared to general trade openness, low-wage competition may spark stronger pressure to expand and less pressure to constrain welfare compensation. Second, all kinds of openness affect vulnerable and thriving groups in ways that differ across social policies, especially training and relocation benefits compared to benefits for youth dependents and the elderly. Consequently, different faces of openness may spark predictably different politics that spur some aspects of welfare, retrench others, and have little effect on still others. Panel data for eighteen OECD countries supports this argument.
The student well-being model: a conceptual framework for the development of student well-being indicators

The importance of student well-being to positive youth development is widely accepted, despite little consensus on what it means for youth to be well in school. The student well-being model (SWBM) provides a framework for the development of student well-being indicators based upon a case study of a New Zealand secondary school involving critical analysis of New Zealand education policies, and qualitative investigation into New Zealand students' and teachers' perspectives and experiences on well-being. This exercise illustrates a process that can be replicated elsewhere to capture the academic, social and cultural milieu of individual schools and to support effective monitoring of student well-being in practice. Future research agendas based on the SWBM, such as psychometric analysis of the SWBM, as well as explorations of its viability as a practical pedagogical tool to facilitate reflection upon, identification of, communication about, and enactment and monitoring of student well-being are discussed.
Extended Life Cycle Assessment of Southern Pink Shrimp Products Originating in Senegalese Artisanal and Industrial Fisheries for Export to Europe

Southern pink shrimp (Penaeus notialis) are an important Senegalese export commodity. Artisanal fisheries in rivers produce 60%. Forty percent are landed in trawl fisheries at sea. The shrimp from both fisheries result in a frozen, consumer‐packed product that is exported to Europe. We applied attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental impact of the two supply chains and identify improvement options. In addition to standard LCA impact categories, biological impacts of each fishery were quantified with regard to landed by‐catch, discard, seafloor impact, and size of target catch. Results for typical LCA categories include that artisanal fisheries have much lower inputs and emissions in the fishing phase than does the industrial fishery. For the product from artisanal fisheries, the main part of the impact in the standard LCA categories occurs during processing on land, mainly due to the use of heavy fuel oil and refrigerants with high global warming and ozone depletion potentials. From a biological point of view, each fishery has advantages and drawbacks, and a number of improvement options were identified. If developing countries can ensure biological sustainability of their fisheries and design the chain on land in a resource‐efficient way, long distance to markets is not an obstacle to sustainable trading of seafood products originating in artisanal fisheries.
The Khazzoom-Brookes Postulate and Neoclassical Growth

In a disturbing assault on intuition and conventional wisdom, Khazzoom and Brookes have asserted that energy efficiency improvements might increase, rather than decrease energy consumption. If true, policies aimed at encouraging conservation could worsen rather than ameliorate global warming and would accelerate the need for offshore drilling rather than provide a substitute for it. More generally, this result would pit conservation against environmental goals, in direct contradiction to many countries ‘ energy plans (which see conservation as an environmental solution). Yet neoclassical growth theory confirms this possibility given certain fairly reasonable conditions—conditions that recent work by Hogan and Jorgenson indicates may hold in the U. S. economy. By no means proving the postulate, this analysis appears to make it much more difficult to dismiss. In fact, the effect can be more dramatic than even Khazzoom and Brookes may appreciate. Energy efficiency gains can increase energy use even more directly by increasing the economic growth rate, not only by decreasing the effective cost of energy. Efficiency gains for other factors (capital and labor) can also increase energy use.
Androgen replacement therapy in Turner syndrome: a pilot study.

CONTEXT Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have reduced levels of androgens due to ovarian failure. HYPOTHESES Morbidity associated with TS, such as bone fragility, metabolic changes, obesity, neurocognitive profile, and sexual problems may partly relate to androgen insufficiency and improve on androgen replacement therapy (ART). OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to determine the effect of androgens on morbidity in TS. DESIGN Fourteen TS women (aged 17-27 yr) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot. The study was conducted in a hospital outpatient clinic between December 2001 and July 2004. INTERVENTION TS patients were on estrogen/progestin replacement therapy. Subjects received oral 1.5 mg methyl testosterone (ART) or placebo for 1 yr and the alternative for another year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The study compared body composition as a primary outcome, and physiology, biochemistry, visceral fat, cognition, and quality of life (QOL) as secondary outcomes. RESULTS ART as compared with placebo reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It improved bone mineral density, increased lean body mass, and decreased fat mass. ART improved attention, reaction time, and verbal memory and had no effect on executive functions and spatial cognition. Patients reported improved QOL, including general health, coping with stress, and sexual desire. CONCLUSIONS Androgen insufficiency plays a role in TS-impaired body composition, neurocognition, and QOL, and these aspects improve with ART, which was safe and effective when given for 1 yr.
Development of Graft-Site Candidiasis in 3 Solid Organ Transplant Recipients from the Same Donor

Case series Patient: Female, 61 • Female, 33 • Female, 58 Final Diagnosis: Candida arteritis Symptoms: Severe bleeding Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Infectious Diseases Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Graft-site candidiasis rarely develops in solid organ transplant recipients; however, severe life-threatening complications can occur. We report the course of 3 solid organ transplant recipients developing graft-site candidiasis. Case report: All grafts, consisting of 2 kidneys and 1 liver, were procured from a single donor. Patient data were collected from our database. Candida albicans was isolated from a swab taken during multiple-organ recovery. Complications associated with candidiasis occurred in all 3 recipients with preservation of the liver transplant. Both renal transplant recipients had vascular complications, eventually resulting in graft nephrectomy and subsequent return to dialysis. The patients recovered completely without residual effects of their prior fungal infection. Conclusions: Fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients are rare. Since the sequelae of these infections are serious and usually pertain to more than 1 recipient at a time, antifungal prophylaxis may be warranted in select donors.
Dysregulation of Apoptosis and a Novel Mechanism of Defective Apoptotic Signal Transduction in Human B-cell Neoplasms

Apoptotic cell death is essential for normal B-cell development and for shaping the B-cell repertoire. Dysregulation of the Bcl-2 related proteins and alterations of the p53/pl4ARF pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment resistance in human B-cell malignancies. We found a novel mechanism of dysregulated apoptosis in human B lymphoma Raji cells that differs from that of altered Bcl-2 and p53 functions. This cell line was resistant to nuclear apoptosis induced by various stimuli, and neither mitochondrial activation nor activation of caspase-3 led to DNA fragmentation. DNA in purified Raji nuclei was degraded in the presence of lysates from the apoptosis-sensitive cell line HL-60, whereas Raji cell lysates did not induce DNA fragmentation in HL-60 nuclei. Cleavage of ICAD/DFF-45 was normal. These results indicate that the apoptosis signal transduction pathway is defective downstream of caspase-3 in Raji cell cytoplasm. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanism in this system should provide insight into apoptosis resistance in human B-cell malignancies.
Addressing tri-morbidity (hepatitis C, psychiatric disorders, and substance use): the importance of routine mental health screening as a component of a comanagement model of care.

BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that most patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection commonly present to medical clinics with active psychiatric and substance use disorders. However, routine screening for these disorders is generally not done. OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to assess prospectively the frequency of psychiatric and substance use disorders in patients presenting for initial assessment of a positive HCV antibody test result. METHODS A sample of 293 patients represented the majority of patients scheduled for their initial hepatology clinic visit at the Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center between September 2002 and September 2003. The patient screening questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were administered to all patients. RESULTS At screening, 93% of the patients had a current or past history of at least 1 psychiatric disorder, and 73% had >or=2 disorders. The most common disorders included depression (81%), posttraumatic stress disorder (62%), any substance use disorder (58%), bipolar disorder (20%), and other psychotic disorders (17%). One hundred two patients (35%) had baseline BDI-II scores in the moderate-to-severe range of depression (>19), and 61 (21%) had AUDIT-C scores indicating current heavy alcohol use (>or=4). CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric and substance use disorders are highly prevalent among veterans with chronic hepatitis C. Thirty-five percent have significant symptoms of depression before the initiation of treatment with interferon (IFN). Routine screening for underlying psychiatric and substance use disorders and early treatment intervention before initiating antiviral therapy is essential to prevent worsening of depression and to optimize the outcome of treatment with IFN. Comanagement treatment models involving mental health care may expand the pool of patients eligible to receive treatment with IFN, as well as enhance treatment outcomes.
Unraveling the drivers of MERS-CoV transmission

Significance Since it was discovered in 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has infected more than 1,700 persons, one-third of whom died, essentially in the Middle East. Persons can get infected by direct or indirect contact with dromedary camels, and although human-to-human transmission is not self-sustaining in the Middle East, it can nonetheless generate large outbreaks, particular in hospital settings. Overall, we still poorly understand how infections from the animal reservoir, the different levels of mixing, and heterogeneities in transmission have contributed to the buildup of MERS-CoV epidemics. Here, we quantify the contribution of each of these factors from detailed records of MERS-CoV cases from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has been the most affected country. With more than 1,700 laboratory-confirmed infections, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remains a significant threat for public health. However, the lack of detailed data on modes of transmission from the animal reservoir and between humans means that the drivers of MERS-CoV epidemics remain poorly characterized. Here, we develop a statistical framework to provide a comprehensive analysis of the transmission patterns underlying the 681 MERS-CoV cases detected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) between January 2013 and July 2014. We assess how infections from the animal reservoir, the different levels of mixing, and heterogeneities in transmission have contributed to the buildup of MERS-CoV epidemics in KSA. We estimate that 12% [95% credible interval (CI): 9%, 15%] of cases were infected from the reservoir, the rest via human-to-human transmission in clusters (60%; CI: 57%, 63%), within (23%; CI: 20%, 27%), or between (5%; CI: 2%, 8%) regions. The reproduction number at the start of a cluster was 0.45 (CI: 0.33, 0.58) on average, but with large SD (0.53; CI: 0.35, 0.78). It was >1 in 12% (CI: 6%, 18%) of clusters but fell by approximately one-half (47% CI: 34%, 63%) its original value after 10 cases on average. The ongoing exposure of humans to MERS-CoV from the reservoir is of major concern, given the continued risk of substantial outbreaks in health care systems. The approach we present allows the study of infectious disease transmission when data linking cases to each other remain limited and uncertain.
Differential effects of early environmental enrichment on emotionality related behaviours in Huntington's disease transgenic mice

• Clinical diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD) is determined on the basis of motor symptoms; however, the pre‐motor stages of the disease are commonly associated with psychiatric alterations including depression and anxiety. • Using the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of HD, this study is the first report on the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) at a very early stage on a broad range of behavioural tests assessing stress‐related measures. • Environmental enrichment did not prevent despair‐ and anhedonia‐like behaviours displayed by HD mice. However, EE reduced anxiety levels and corrected altered stress responses observed in HD mice. • Despite the enhanced hypothermic response to the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT exhibited by HD mice, we found a reduction in 5‐HT1A receptor mediated stimulation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S binding in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the hippocampus of HD animals. • Our data suggest that early EE has beneficial effects on the anxiety‐like, but not on the depression‐like, behaviours in HD mice. We also provide evidence that 8‐OH‐DPAT induced hypothermia could be mediated by other targets besides the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptors.
Atheroprotective Effects and Molecular Mechanism of Berberine

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases and it is closely associated with hyperlipidemia, endothelial injury, macrophage-derived foam cells formation, proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), platelet aggregation, and altered gut microbiota. Various symptomatic treatments, that are currently used to inhibit atherosclerosis, need to be administered in long term and their adverse effects cannot be ignored. Berberine (BBR) has beneficial effects on atherosclerosis through regulating multiple aspects of its progression. This review highlights the recent advances in understanding the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of BBR. BBR alleviated atherosclerosis by attenuation of dyslipidemia, correction of endothelial dysfunction, inhibition of macrophage inflammation and foam cell formation, activation of macrophage autophagy, regulation of the proliferation and migration of VSMCs, attenuation of platelet aggregation, and modulation of gut microbiota. This review would provide a modern scientific perspective to further understanding the molecular mechanism of BBR attenuating atherosclerosis and supply new ideas for atherosclerosis management.
Dynamics of inflation expectations in the euro area

1 Introduction . 10 2 Alternative models for optimal price setting 16 2.1 Basic model with endogenous supply 17 2.2 Optimal price setting models . 21 2.2.1 Optimal price setting with fully flexible prices 21 2.2.2 Optimal non-overlapping price setting with nominal rigidities . 23 2.2. 3 Optimal overlapping price setting with nominal rigidities . 26 3 Three Phillips curve relationships 28 3.1 The New Classical Phillips curve 29 3.2 The New Keynesian Phillips curve 31 3.3 The Hybrid Phillips curve 34 4 Related studies 36 5 Review of the articles 41 References 44
The effect of different hidden unit number of sparse autoencoder

Sparse autoencoder is the fundamental part in some deep architecture. The hidden layer output is the compression of the input data which gives a better representation of the input than the original raw input. However, the determination of hidden unit number is always experiential. In this paper, the different hidden unit number is discussed. The weight of sparse autoencoder will learn the digital number outline of the handwriting instead of pen strokes when the hidden unit number is smaller. The weight can learn the pen strokes of the handwriting when the hidden unit number is larger.
Distribution and growth reconsidered: empirical results for six OECD countries

We analyse the relationship between functional income distribution and economic growth in Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and the USA from 1960 until 2005. The analysis is based on a demand-driven distribution and growth model for an open economy inspired by Bhaduri and Marglin, which allows for either profit- or wage-led growth. We find that growth in France, Germany, the UK and the USA has been wage-led, whereas Austria and the Netherlands have been profit-led. In the case of Austria a domestically wage-led economy changes to profit-led when including the effect of distribution on external trade. The Netherlands, however, are already profit-led without external trade. Our results so far only partially confirm Bhaduri and Marglin's theoretical conclusion that wage-led growth becomes less feasible when the effects of distribution on foreign trade are taken into account.
Serum Lipid Levels and the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Rotterdam Study

Objective—Low serum total cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and with presence of asymptomatic cerebral microbleeds. The relative contribution of lipid fractions to these associations is unclear and requires investigation. We determined whether serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides are associated with risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and presence of cerebral microbleeds. Methods and Results—Nine thousand sixty-eight stroke-free community-dwelling persons aged ≥55 were followed from baseline (1990–2001) up to January 1, 2009, of whom 85 suffered from intracerebral hemorrhage during follow-up. Brain MRI was carried out in 789 healthy participants, of whom 162 had cerebral microbleeds. Triglycerides were strongly and inversely associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, independently of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and potential confounders [hazard ratio for highest versus lowest quartile: 0.20 (0.06–0.69)]. Triglycerides were also associated with deep or infratentorial microbleeds [odds ratio for highest versus lowest quartile: 0.37 (0.14–0.96)], but not with strictly lobar microbleeds. No associations were found for HDL-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol. Conclusion—Low serum triglyceride levels were associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage and with the presence of deep or infratentorial cerebral microbleeds. This provides novel insights into the role of lipid fractions, particularly triglycerides, in the etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage.
Chinese Electronics Export; Taiwanese Contract Manufacturing – The Win–Win Outcome Along the Evolving Global Value Chain

The ascent of China as the world’s top exporter is unusual in its rapidity and high–tech content, with a major portion in ‘process trade’ by Chinese classification, forming part of the evolving global value chain. With chronology and economic analysis applied to notions in frequent business usage, but not economics literature, this study shows the global value chain arose from the microelectronic revolution known as ‘Moore’s Law’, evolved under the time‐to market imperative, and caused widespread outsourcing in America and Europe, with final stage production mostly in China, by Taiwanese contract manufacturers. The insight gained may help to assess future trends.
Enhancing supply chain solutions with the application of chaos theory

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to expand the base of supply chain knowledge by applying chaos theory principles to selected supply chain functions.Design/methodology/approach – Researchers borrow chaos theory from the natural sciences, provide a basic explanation, and then examine how it may be applied to enhance supply chain management techniques.Findings – Chaos theory principles are used to assist in the examination of forecasting, product design, and inventory management challenges currently facing supply chain practitioners.Research limitations/implications – Application of chaos theory to various supply chain issues and key functional areas may produce an increase in the level of understanding of supply chain ambiguity and how chaos theory may provide valuable insight into the effective management of supply chain networks.Practical implications – When applied correctly, chaos theory shows potential to be a tool that can be instrumental in helping explain why unpredictability occurs within .
Long-term outcome from childhood traumatic brain injury: intellectual ability, personality, and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE Only a handful of studies have attempted to explore very long-term outcomes from childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI). These studies have generally failed to fully consider the impact of injury severity or employ measures sensitive to the survivor's day-to-day function. This study examined outcomes in adulthood, with a focus on functional abilities including education, employment, and quality of life (QOL), and employed predictors including injury severity, age at injury, socioeconomic factors, intelligence, and personality. METHOD The study was retrospective and cross-sectional and included 50 adult survivors of child TBI (31 males), aged 19-30 years at evaluation (M = 24.2, SD = 3.6), with injury on average 13.3 years prior to evaluation. Participants were divided according to injury severity-mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 12), and severe (n = 18)-completed an intellectual evaluation and questionnaires regarding educational and employment status, personality, and quality of life. RESULTS Intellectual and personality measures indicated good outcomes, with mean scores for all groups in the average range and few severity-based findings. In contrast, those with more severe TBI were more likely to have educational and employment problems. QOL was significantly reduced in the context of severe insult, with lower IQ and personality factors most predictive of outcome in this domain. Mild and moderate TBI were generally more benign. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that, while TBI is a lifelong problem, its impact is most dramatic in the domain of QOL, where a complex interaction occurs between injury factors, cognition, and personality.