Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children's independent mobility during dark hours: a scoping review

Introduction Independent mobility is every child's right and has implications for their health, wellbeing, and development. This scoping review addresses children's needs and experiences of light conditions in their everyday outdoor life. The review examines peer-reviewed scientific literature that analyses associations between different light conditions and children's independent mobility (CIM) during dark hours. Methods By formulating a Boolean search string, including terms related to children independent mobility, light and outdoor environment, five scientific databases were searched. The search resulted in 67 eligible papers that were analyzed through an inductive, thematic analysis. Results Four overarching themes representing the researched topics of the effects of light conditions with importance for CIM during dark hours were identified: (1) physical activity (PA) and active travel, (2) outdoor activities and place use, (3) safety perception, and (4) outdoor risks. The findings highlight that darkness constitutes a major obstacle for CIM, and that fear of darkness is common among children. It restricts the degree of CIM and influences children's safety perception as well as how they navigate through public places outdoors. The findings show that the type and design of outdoor settings during dark hours and children's familiarity with places during daytime could play a role in the degree of CIM after dark. The presence of outdoor lighting is related to children's increased PA and active travel, and outdoor lighting seems to also influence children's place use and interaction with the environment. The presence and extent of outdoor lighting and lighting quality may play a role in children's safety perception, which in turn can influence CIM. Discussion The findings suggest that promoting CIM during dark hours might not only contribute to the accumulation of children's PA, confidence, and skills, but also support mental health. The understanding of children's perspectives on the quality of outdoor lighting needs to be deepened to support CIM. Highlighting the child perspective would aid the development of current recommendations for outdoor lighting and the implementation of the Agenda 2030 of ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages, and making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable throughout the day and seasons.
Divergent endophytic viromes and phage genome repertoires among banana (Musa) species

Introduction Viruses generally cause disease, but some viruses may be beneficial as resident regulators of their hosts or host microbiomes. Plant-associated viruses can help plants survive by increasing stress tolerance or regulating endophytic communities. The goal of this study was to characterize endophytic virus communities in banana and plantain (Musa spp.) genotypes, including cultivated and wild species, to assess virome repertoires and detect novel viruses. Methods DNA viral communities were characterized by shotgun sequencing of an enriched endosphere extract from leaves and roots or corm of 7 distinct Musa genotypes (M. balbisiana, Thai Black, M. textilis, M. sikkimensis, Dwarf Cavendish, Williams Hybrid, and FHIA-25 Hybrid). Results Results showed abundant virus-like contigs up to 108,191 bp long with higher relative abundance in leaves than roots. Analyses predicted 733 phage species in 51 families, with little overlap in phage communities among plants. Phage diversity was higher in roots and in diploid wild hosts. Ackermanniviridae and Rhizobium phage were generally the most abundant taxa. A Rhizobium RR1-like phage related to a phage of an endophytic tumor-causing rhizobium was found, bearing a holin gene and a partial Shiga-like toxin gene, raising interest in its potential to regulate endophytic Rhizobiaceae. Klebsiella phages were of interest for possible protection against Fusarium wilt, and other phages were predicted with potential to regulate Erwinia, Pectobacterium, and Ralstonia-associated diseases. Although abundant phage-containing contigs were functionally annotated, revealing 1,038 predicted viral protein domains, gene repertoires showed high divergence from database sequences, suggesting novel phages in these banana cultivars. Plant DNA viruses included 56 species of Badnavirus and 26 additional non-Musa plant viruses with distributions that suggested a mixture of resident and transient plant DNA viruses in these samples. Discussion Together, the disparate viral communities in these plants from a shared environment suggest hosts drive the composition of these virus communities. This study forms a first step in understanding the endophytic virome in this globally important food crop, which is currently threatened by fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases.
Neural basis of the attention bias during addiction stroop task in methamphetamine-dependent patients with and without a history of psychosis: an ERP study

Background Attentional bias plays an important role in sustaining various types of drug addiction. No prior studies examined methamphetamine (MA)-associated psychosis (MAP) relationships between ERP time course and performance on an addiction Stroop task in MA abusers. The aim of the present study was to determine whether MA abusers with (MAP+) or without (MAP-) psychosis exhibit alterations of the ERP during the addiction Stroop task. Methods Thirty-one healthy controls (CTRL), 14 MAP-, and 24 MAP+ participants were recruited and completed the addiction Stroop task during EEG recording using 32 electrodes. Group variations were compared on measures of behavioral task performance and event-related potentials (ERP) of performance monitoring (N200, P300, N450). The Barratt impulsiveness scores were analyzed to investigate correlations with ERP changes. Results MA-related word stimulus elicited a more negative N200 amplitude over left-anterior electrodes in MAP- abusers; furthermore, a positive association between the N200 amplitude and Barratt attentional scores and non-planning scores was observed, while no such differences were found in MAP+ abusers. There were no significant differences in reaction time (RT) and error rate between each group. Conclusion This is the first study to examine psychosis relationships between ERP time course and performance on an addiction Stroop task in MA abusers with or without psychosis. These findings support the association between attentional bias measured by the MA addiction Stroop task and N200 component as well as indicate the possibility of using this cognitive task in combination with ERP technology to detect psychosis factors among abstinent MA abusers.
Detecting microstructural alterations of cerebral white matter associated with breast cancer and chemotherapy revealed by generalized q-sampling MRI

Objective Previous studies have discussed the impact of chemotherapy on the brain microstructure. There is no evidence of the impact regarding cancer-related psychiatric comorbidity on cancer survivors. We aimed to evaluate the impact of both chemotherapy and mental health problem on brain microstructural alterations and consequent cognitive dysfunction in breast cancer survivors. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary center, data from 125 female breast cancer survivors who had not received chemotherapy (BB = 65; 49.86 ± 8.23 years) and had received chemotherapy (BA = 60; 49.82 ± 7.89 years) as well as from 71 age-matched healthy controls (47.18 ± 8.08 years) was collected. Chemotherapeutic agents used were docetaxel and epirubicin. We used neuropsychological testing and questionnaire to evaluate psychiatric comorbidity, cognitive dysfunction as well as generalized sampling imaging (GQI) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) to detect microstructural alterations in the brain. Findings Cross-comparison between groups revealed that neurotoxicity caused by chemotherapy and cancer-related psychiatric comorbidity may affect the corpus callosum and middle frontal gyrus. In addition, GQI indices were correlated with the testing scores of cognitive function, quality of life, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, weaker connections between brain regions and lower segregated ability were found in the post-treatment group. Conclusion This study suggests that chemotherapy and cancer-related mental health problem both play an important role in the development of white matter alterations and cognitive dysfunction.
Release of an encrypted, highly potent ACE-inhibitory peptide by enzymatic hydrolysis of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia) protein

Aim Dietary approaches for the regulation of blood pressure are the need of the hour. Hence, identifying the foods possessing such activity is gaining importance. With this aim, moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), an underutilized pulse, was explored for the presence of antihypertensive activity in terms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition bioactivity. Methods Defatted moth bean protein concentrate was hydrolyzed by using different proteases including Alcalase, papain, and trypsin, to identify the enzyme producing highly potent ACE inhibitory peptides. The hydrolysate showing the highest ACE inhibitory activity was further fractionated using an ultrafiltration membrane (10, 3 and 1 kDa) based on ACE inhibitory activity. The active fraction was further subjected to the ion-exchange chromatography followed by RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis for the enrichment and identification of ACE inhibitory peptides. Finally, based on the bioinformatic analysis, few peptides were synthesized and evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity, followed by docking study and molecular dynamic simulation of a peptide with the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Results and discussion Out of the three proteases, Alcalase-derived hydrolysate showed the highest (~59%) ACE inhibition activity. Molecular weight-based fractionation revealed that <1 kDa fraction possessed the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Activity guided separation of 1 kDa fraction using ion-exchange chromatography, RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS showed the presence of about 45 peptides. Based on the bioinformatic analysis, 15 peptides were synthesized and evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity. Among these, a novel octapeptide FPPPKVIQ showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (93.4%) with an IC50 of 0.24 μM. This peptide retained about 59% activity post gastrointestinal digestion simulation. A Dixon plot as well as docking studies revealed the uncompetitive inhibitory nature of this peptide with a Ki value of 0.81 μM. Molecular dynamic simulation studies till 100 ns ensured the stability of the ACE-peptide complex. Conclusion Thus, present study identified a novel potent ACE inhibitory peptide from moth bean that can be incorporated in a functional dietary formulation for regulation of hypertension.
Longitudinal stream synoptic monitoring tracks chemicals along watershed continuums: a typology of trends

There are challenges in monitoring and managing water quality due to spatial and temporal heterogeneity in contaminant sources, transport, and transformations. We demonstrate the importance of longitudinal stream synoptic (LSS) monitoring, which can track combinations of water quality parameters along flowpaths across space and time. Specifically, we analyze longitudinal patterns of chemical mixtures of carbon, nutrients, greenhouse gasses, salts, and metals concentrations along 10 flowpaths draining 1,765 km2 of the Chesapeake Bay region. These 10 longitudinal stream flowpaths are drained by watersheds experiencing either urban degradation, forest and wetland conservation, or stream and floodplain restoration. Along the 10 longitudinal stream flowpaths, we monitored over 300 total sampling sites along a combined stream length of 337 km. Synoptic monitoring along longitudinal flowpaths revealed: (1) increasing, decreasing, piecewise, or no trends and transitions in water quality with increasing distance downstream, which provide insights into water quality processes along flowpaths; (2) longitudinal trends and transitions in water quality along flowpaths can be quantified and compared using simple linear and non-linear statistical relationships with distance downstream and/or land use/land cover attributes, (3) attenuation and transformation of chemical cocktails along flowpaths depend on: spatial scales, pollution sources, and transitions in land use and management, hydrology, and restoration. We compared our LSS patterns with others from the global literature to synthesize a typology of longitudinal water quality trends and transitions in streams and rivers based on hydrological, biological, and geochemical processes. Applications of LSS monitoring along flowpaths from our results and the literature reveal: (1) if there are shifts in pollution sources, trends, and transitions along flowpaths, (2) which pollution sources can spread further downstream to sensitive receiving waters such as drinking water supplies and coastal zones, and (3) if transitions in land use, conservation, management, or restoration can attenuate downstream transport of pollution sources. Our typology of longitudinal water quality responses along flowpaths combines many observations across suites of chemicals that can follow predictable patterns based on watershed characteristics. Our typology of longitudinal water quality responses also provides a foundation for future studies, watershed assessments, evaluating watershed management and stream restoration, and comparing watershed responses to non-point and point pollution sources along streams and rivers. LSS monitoring, which integrates both spatial and temporal dimensions and considers multiple contaminants together (a chemical cocktail approach), can be a comprehensive strategy for tracking sources, fate, and transport of pollutants along stream flowpaths and making comparisons of water quality patterns across different watersheds and regions.
Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression data reveals Src family protein tyrosine kinases as key players in androgenetic alopecia

Introduction Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common progressive scalp hair loss disorder that leads to baldness. This study aimed to identify core genes and pathways involved in premature AGA through an in-silico approach. Methods Gene expression data (GSE90594) from vertex scalps of men with premature AGA and men without pattern hair loss was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the bald and haired samples were identified using the limma package in R. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses were conducted separately for the up-regulated and down-regulated genes. The DEGs were annotated with the AGA risk loci, and motif analysis in the promoters of the DEGs was also carried out. STRING Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and Reactome Functional Interaction (FI) networks were constructed using the DEGs, and the networks were analyzed to identify hub genes that play could play crucial roles in AGA pathogenesis. Results and discussion The in-silico study revealed that genes involved in the structural makeup of the skin epidermis, hair follicle development, and hair cycle are down-regulated, while genes associated with the innate and adaptive immune systems, cytokine signaling, and interferon signaling pathways are up-regulated in the balding scalps of AGA. The PPI and FI network analyses identified 25 hub genes namely CTNNB1, EGF, GNAI3, NRAS, BTK, ESR1, HCK, ITGB7, LCK, LCP2, LYN, PDGFRB, PIK3CD, PTPN6, RAC2, SPI1, STAT3, STAT5A, VAV1, PSMB8, HLA-A, HLA-F, HLA-E, IRF4, and ITGAM that play crucial roles in AGA pathogenesis. The study also implicates that Src family tyrosine kinase genes such as LCK, and LYN in the up-regulation of the inflammatory process in the balding scalps of AGA highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets for future investigations.
Exploring the potential mechanisms of Shiwei Hezi pill against nephritis based on the method of network pharmacology

Objective: We aimed to reveal the potential active ingredients, targets and pathways of Shiwei Hezi pill (SHP) in the treatment of nephritis based on systematic network pharmacology. Methods: The online database was used to screen the common targets of SHP and nephritis, and the interaction between targets was analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Bioinformatics website. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the correlation between core ingredients and key targets. Cytoscape 3.6. 1 was applied to perform protein-protein interactions (PPT) network construction and data visualization. Results: A total of 82 active ingredients in SHP were screened, and 140 common targets of SHP and nephritis were obtained. Our results demonstrated that TNF, AKT1 and PTGS2 might be the key targets of SHP in the treatment of nephritis. GO enrichment analysis yielded 2163 GO entries (p < 0.05), including 2,014 entries of the biological process (BP) category, 61 entries of the cell composition (CC) category and 143 entries of the molecular function (MF) category. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis produced 186 signaling pathways (p < 0.05), involving the AGE-RAGE, IL-17and TNF signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that three active ingredients in SHP (quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin) could effectively bind to the TNF, AKT1 and PTGS2 targets. Conclusion: The effective active ingredients in SHP may regulate multiple signaling pathways through multiple targets, thereby exhibiting a therapeutic effect on nephritis.
Effect of the physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a quasi-experimental study

Introduction It is the most practical goal of limb rehabilitation for stroke patients to make the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb joints link together as a whole and restore the ability to self-care. However, many previous studies focused on the single joint or single muscle group movement of stroke patients and did not integrate self-care ability training into the whole process of rehabilitation, which lacks accuracy, integrity, and systematization. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Eligible patients were recruited according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria and then divided into an experimental group (n = 80) and a control group (n = 80) by the medical district. The control group received the routine physical rehabilitation intervention. The experimental group adopted the physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability led by the nurses specializing in stroke rehabilitation to carry out the multi-joint coordinated exercise based on the control group. The training time and frequency were the same in both groups (45 min per session, one session per day for three consecutive months). The primary outcome was myodynamia. Secondary outcomes were the modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL). The primary and secondary outcomes were assessed before the intervention and at 1 and 3 months of intervention. In this study, the TREND checklist was followed for non-randomized controlled trials. Results A total of 160 participants completed the study. The physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability was better than the routine rehabilitation program. With the prolongation of intervention time, all outcomes improved gradually in the experimental group (P < 0.05), and the myodynamia of lower limbs recovered faster than that of upper limbs. In the control group, the myodynamia of the affected limb was not significantly improved (P > 0.05), with only a small increase in MBI and SS-QOL scores (P < 0.05). Conclusion The physical rehabilitation program based on self-care ability after stroke was beneficial for acute ischemic stroke patients and improved the patient's myodynamia, quality of life, and self-care ability within the third month.
Loss of Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase sensitizes embryos to ethanol-induced neural crest and neural apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a continuum of birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD are the most common environmentally induced birth defect and are highly variable. The genetics of an individual influence the severity of their FASD phenotype. However, the genes that sensitize an individual to ethanol-induced birth defects are largely unknown. The ethanol-sensitive mouse substrain, C57/B6J, carries several known mutations including one in Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt). Nnt is a mitochondrial transhydrogenase thought to have an important role in detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS has been implicated in ethanol teratogenesis. To directly test the role of Nnt in ethanol teratogenesis, we generated zebrafish nnt mutants via CRISPR/Cas9. Zebrafish embryos were dosed with varying concentrations of ethanol across different timepoints and assessed for craniofacial malformations. We utilized a ROS assay to determine if this could be a contributing factor of these malformations. We found that exposed and unexposed mutants had higher levels of ROS compared to their wildtype counterparts. When treated with ethanol, nnt mutants experienced elevated apoptosis in the brain and neural crest, a defect that was rescued by administration of the antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). NAC treatment also rescued most craniofacial malformations. Altogether this research demonstrates that ethanol-induced oxidative stress leads to craniofacial and neural defects due to apoptosis in nnt mutants. This research further supports the growing body of evidence implicating oxidative stress in ethanol teratogenesis. These findings suggest that antioxidants can be used as a potential therapeutic in the treatment of FASD.
Enhanced motor imagery of digits within the same hand via vibrotactile stimulation

Purpose The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of vibrotactile stimulation prior to repeated complex motor imagery of finger movements using the non-dominant hand on motor imagery (MI) performance. Methods Ten healthy right-handed adults (4 females and 6 males) participated in the study. The subjects performed motor imagery tasks with and without a brief vibrotactile sensory stimulation prior to performing motor imagery using either their left-hand index, middle, or thumb digits. Mu- and beta-band event-related desynchronization (ERD) at the sensorimotor cortex and an artificial neural network-based digit classification was evaluated. Results The ERD and digit discrimination results from our study showed that ERD was significantly different between the vibration conditions for the index, middle, and thumb. It was also found that digit classification accuracy with-vibration (mean ± SD = 66.31 ± 3.79%) was significantly higher than without-vibration (mean ± SD = 62.68 ± 6.58%). Conclusion The results showed that a brief vibration was more effective at improving MI-based brain-computer interface classification of digits within a single limb through increased ERD compared to performing MI without vibrotactile stimulation.