Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clearance of 99mTc-labeled albumin from lungs in anesthetized guinea pigs.

Gamma imaging was used to measure the rate of clearance of aerosolized 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA) from the lungs of control guinea pigs and guinea pigs that received increased lung inflation or lung injury. Anesthetized guinea pigs were ventilated for 6 min with an aerosol of HSA and the radioactivity in the chest was monitored for 2 h with a gamma camera to determine whether the clearance rate would be a reliable assessment of lung epithelial permeability. Increased lung volumes were effected by application of 5 or 7 cm H2O positive end-expired pressure (5-PEEP and 7-PEEP, respectively). Lung injury was induced either by intravenous oleic acid (OA, 27-73 microliters/kg) or inhalation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2, 80-100 ppm) for 2 h. Postmortem extravascular lung water volume (EVLW) provided an assessment of the degree of lung injury. Tracer clearance rates in animals receiving 5 or 7 cm H2O PEEP were not significantly different from controls (K = 0.15 +/- 0.05 and 0.24 +/- 0.10 vs 0.12 +/- 0.03%/min, respectively, p > .05). Animals exposed to NO2 had faster tracer clearance rates (K = 0.33 +/- 0.21%/min, p < .05) and higher EVLW (5.8 +/- 3.0 vs 3.7 +/- 0.2 mL/g dry lung, p < .05) than controls. Clearance rates of HSA from the lungs of NO2-exposed guinea pigs correlated well with injury as assessed by EVLW (r = .93, p < .01). Clearance rates of HSA and EVLW in animals receiving oleic acid were significantly higher than controls and the group receiving 5 cm H2O PEEP (K = 0.58 +/- 0.41%/min, EVLW = 8.1 +/- 0.8 mL/g dry lung tissue, p < .05), but there was no correlation between these parameters in this injury model. It is concluded that imaging of the disappearance of radiolabeled HSA in the guinea pig can be a useful index of lung epithelial permeability, but this technique is limited to certain models of lung injury.
Concordant or Discordant? Imaging-Pathology Correlation in a Sonography-Guided Core Needle Biopsy of a Breast Lesion

An imaging-guided core needle biopsy has been proven to be reliable and accurate for the diagnosis of both benign and malignant diseases of the breast, and has replaced surgical biopsy. However, the possibility of a false-negative biopsy still remains. Imaging-pathology correlation is of critical importance in imaging-guided breast biopsies to detect such a possible sampling error and avoid a delay in diagnosis. We will review five possible categories and corresponding management after performing an imaging-pathology correlation in a sonography-guided core needle biopsy of a breast lesion, as well as illustrate the selected images for each category in conjunction with the pathologic finding. Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of various breast pathologies and be able to appropriately correlate imaging findings with pathologic results after a core needle biopsy.
British Muslim Perspectives on Multiculturalism

We explore aspects of what it means to be a ‘moderate’ Muslim in Britain. Based on interviews with 21 Muslim intellectuals or those active in public or community debates (not all of whom were happy with the term ‘moderate Muslims’), we examine what these Muslims think about multiculturalism. While there is a variety of views, the respondents are promulticulturalism as long as it includes faith as a dimension of ‘difference’, something they believe has only belatedly, tentatively and slowly happened in Britain. Most of the other aspects of the multicultural ideal and criticisms of contemporary British practice, such as the distinction between mutual respect and tolerance, the importance of non-separateness and dialogue, the need for transformative change on the part of the minorities as well as the majority, seem to be similar to the views held by non-Muslim British multiculturalists. Yet some believe that the Qur’an, Islam and Muslim history are powerful sources of multi-culturalism and represent a form superior to any that has been developed elsewhere or is on offer in the contemporary West. This view was held by those who are experts in using and engaging with contemporary Western discourses rather than those who are authorities in interpreting Islamic texts, and so they, like most others in the group could be said to be a relatively new kind of Muslim public figure.
Prediction of major clinical response (ACR50) to infliximab in psoriatic arthritis refractory to methotrexate

Objectives: To determine the predictive factors of clinical response to infliximab in patients with refractory psoriatic polyarthritis. Methods: A multicentre open study which included 69 patients with psoriatic polyarthritis refractory to methotrexate (15 mg/week at least for 8 weeks). Patients were treated with infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks in addition to their stable doses of methotrexate. A major clinical response was defined by the ACR50 at week 38. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyse which of the following measures at the start of treatment were associated with an ACR50 response: demographic and clinical characteristics, duration of disease, tender and swollen joint counts, involvement of large joints (knee or hip, or both), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein (CRP), Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, axial involvement, and the presence of erosions at baseline. Results: In an intention to treat analysis 30/69 (44%) patients achieved an ACR50 response. In the univariate analysis both the presence of large joint involvement and severe disability were associated with a poor clinical response. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis high CRP values were independently associated with a good therapeutic response (odds ratio (OR) = 18.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8 to 181.6; p = 0.011). In contrast, large joint involvement and severe disability were associated with a poor response, which reached significance for large joint involvement (OR = 29.3; 95% CI 3.2 to 266.3; p = 0.003). Conclusion: A lower disability and, in particular, the absence of large joint involvement and higher CRP serum levels at the start of infliximab treatment are factors that seem to influence the probability of achieving a good therapeutic response in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
A comparison of imaging methodologies for 3D tissue engineering

Imaging of cells in two dimensions is routinely performed within cell biology and tissue engineering laboratories. When biology moves into three dimensions imaging becomes more challenging, especially when multiple cell types are used. This review compares imaging techniques used regularly in our laboratory in the culture of cells in both two and three dimensions. The techniques reviewed include phase contrast microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and optical coherence tomography. We compare these techniques to the current “gold standard” for imaging three‐dimensional tissue engineered constructs, histology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1123–1133, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Error Measures and Bayes Decision Rules Revisited with Applications to POS Tagging

Starting from first principles, we re-visit the statistical approach and study two forms of the Bayes decision rule: the common rule for minimizing the number of string errors and a novel rule for minimizing the number of symbols errors. The Bayes decision rule for minimizing the number of string errors is widely used, e.g. in speech recognition, POS tagging and machine translation, but its justification is rarely questioned. To minimize the number of symbol errors as is more suitable for a task like POS tagging, we show that another form of the Bayes decision rule can be derived. The major purpose of this paper is to show that the form of the Bayes decision rule should not be taken for granted (as it is done in virtually all statistical NLP work), but should be adapted to the error measure being used. We present first experimental results for POS tagging tasks.
Semantic Richness and Word Learning in Children with Hearing Loss who are Developing Spoken Language: A Single Case Design Study

Abstract Children with hearing loss who are developing spoken language tend to lag behind children with normal hearing in vocabulary knowledge. Thus, researchers must validate instructional practices that lead to improved vocabulary outcomes for children with hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate how semantic richness of instruction interacts with individual child profiles to influence word learning. A single subject adapted alternating treatments design measured the effects of three semantic richness conditions – Semantically Sparse, Semantically Rich, and Semantically Super Rich – on expressive vocabulary learning at the end of the school week. Participants included eight preschool children with hearing loss who were developing spoken language. Each week for 7 weeks teachers taught children new vocabulary words presented in one of three semantic richness conditions; conditions were randomly assigned by week. The probe measure, an expressive naming task, was collected in baseline and intervention conditions. Four participants learned more words in the two semantically rich conditions as compared to the semantically sparse condition. One participant with very low omnibus language performance and limited listening experience learned more words in the Super Rich condition than the other two conditions. The remaining three participants did not demonstrate a functional relation between condition and performance. The functional relations demonstrated indicate that the semantic richness of instruction differentially affects the expressive vocabulary learning of children with hearing loss depending on individual child characteristics.
Teaching EBP in social work: Retrospective and prospective

• Summary: This article examines the precursors and advent of the evidence-based practice (EBP) movement, identifies feasibility obstacles to increasing the emphasis on teaching EBP in social work, offers some suggestions for alleviating those obstacles, and discusses arguments for and against the proposition that EBP is being oversold by advocates for increasing its emphasis in social work practice and education. • Findings and Applications: It suggests that that if we increase the emphasis on EBP in the curriculum, we must so in an appropriate manner that gives adequate attention to the various kinds of EBP questions and their respective research hierarchies, to the significant degree of practitioner flexibility encouraged by the EBP process, and to the important role of theory and relationship factors in that process.
Quantitative characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver tumor by CT perfusion

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) in the distinction of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from metastatic liver tumors. Materials and methods: CTP data from 90 liver tumors (HCC 38, metastasis 52) in 31 patients (16 men and 15 women; mean age 60.3 years) were studied. CTP was performed on a 16/64 multidetector-row CT scanner using a 30-s duration cine acquisition after rapid bolus injection (5–7 ml/s) of 50–70 ml of iodinated contrast medium. The CTP data were analyzed using a deconvolution model. Metastatic tumors were grouped into hypovascular (n = 36) and hypervascular (n = 16) tumors. Results and conclusion: The hypovascular metastases showed a significantly lower blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV), and higher mean transit time (MTT) than HCC (all P < 0.0001). BF, BV, and MTT of HCCs were substantially lower than those of hypervascular metastases (P = 0.02, P < 0.0001, P = 0.03, respectively). A receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that BV was a useful marker to distinguish HCCs from hypervascular metastases.
Bedtime ranitidine does not eliminate the need for a second daily dose of omeprazole to suppress nocturnal gastric pH

: We have previously shown that 70% of patients experience nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (defined as pH < 4 for more than 60 min between 22.00 and 06.00 hours) on twice a day (b.d.) proton pump inhibitor. Adding 150 or 300 mg of ranitidine at bedtime is more effective than additional omeprazole at bedtime in control of night‐time acid breakthrough.
Damned if you do and damned if you don’t

I use quantitative textual analysis of the Israeli Knesset’s legislative debates to analyse legislative parties’ strategies. The analysis demonstrates three results. First, given an opportunity provided by an exogenous shock to the Israeli political system, dovish opposition parties used their floor speeches strategically to emphasize a frame of Israeli security on which the hawkish majority held a losing position. Second, due to its weak position, the hawkish coalition eventually ‘deserted’ the frame. Third, this dynamic resulted in a major change in the legislative discourse on security, and in the consolidation of a frame of security that highly favoured the opposition. I argue that this strategy constitutes rhetorical heresthetic, since it emphasizes the internal contradictions of the majority and contributes to its split. In general, these results demonstrate that legislative rhetoric is an important venue of oppositional behaviour, especially given the limited agenda control the majority has over legislative speeches. Finally, the model is generalizable to measuring dynamic partisanship in various political institutions.
Creating Fair Lineups for Suspects With Distinctive Features

In their descriptions, eyewitnesses often refer to a culprit's distinctive facial features. However, in a police lineup, selecting the only member with the described distinctive feature is unfair to the suspect and provides the police with little further information. For fair and informative lineups, the distinctive feature should be either replicated across foils or concealed on the target. In the present experiments, replication produced more correct identifications in target-present lineups—without increasing the incorrect identification of foils in target-absent lineups—than did concealment. This pattern, and only this pattern, is predicted by the hybrid-similarity model of recognition.
GHz AlN lateral overmoded bulk acoustic wave resonators with a f · Q of 1.17 × 1013

This work presents a new class of devices, AlN-based lateral overmoded bulk acoustic wave resonators (LO-BAR), to investigate the Q limit imposed by the intrinsic loss of thin film AlN. The LOBAR devices utilize a rectangular AlN thin film plate with a small percentage (0.57%) inter-digitated transducer (IDT) fingers coverage to minimize the piezoelectric-metal interface loss. This design experimentally pushes the f · Q product value (1.17×1013) for thin-film AlN to magnitude level close to the theoretical limit predicted by the Akhizer effect (AKE) for AlN (2.5–5 × 1013). To study the performance of the LOBAR design, the IDT to rectangular plate coverage ratio was varied. The results have shown that the Q of the LOBAR device scales nonlinearly and inversely with coverage ratio. Measurement of the highest Q LOBAR device for temperatures varying between 300 and 400 K have indicated that the AlN LOBAR has a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of −16.25 ppm/K, and phonon-phonon dissipation (AKE) is not yet the dominant loss mechanism.
Sense of Coherence, Parenting Attitudes and Stress among Mothers of Children with Autism in Hong Kong.

Background The moderating and mediating relationships among sense of coherence, parental attitudes and parenting stress for caregiving parents of children with autism were tested. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty-seven mothers of children with autism recruited from representative community service centres in Hong Kong completed the Chinese versions of Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), Confidence and Acceptance subscales of Parent-Attitude Survey Scales and Parenting Stress Index Short Form. Results Accounting for mothers’ demographic background, SOC showed a moderating effect with child's symptoms and parenting stress. Mothers with a strong SOC perceived lower stress than their counterparts even when their children presented with more severe autistic symptoms. Two proximal factors in parenting, parental confidence and acceptance of the child, were found to partially mediate SOC and stress. Conclusions The stress experience of mothers of children with autism is related strongly to a global sense of coherence as well as more specific parenting attitudes.
A Novel Architecture for Reduction of Delay and Queueing Structure Complexity in the Back-Pressure Algorithm

The back-pressure algorithm is a well-known throughput-optimal algorithm. However, its implementation requires that each node has to maintain a separate queue for each commodity in the network, and only one queue is served at a time. This fact may lead to a poor delay performance even when the traffic load is not close to network capacity. Also, since the number of commodities in the network is usually very large, the queueing data structure that has to be maintained at each node is respectively complex. In this paper, we present a solution to address both of these issues in the case of a fixed-routing network scenario where the route of each flow is chosen upon arrival. Our proposed architecture allows each node to maintain only per-neighbor queues and, moreover, improves the delay performance of the back-pressure algorithm.
Persistent Hiccups after Switching from Zuclopenthixol to Aripiprazole

Transient hiccup is a common problem, usually resolves spontaneously and does not present a clinical issue. The clinical issue arises in the case of persistent (>2 days) and intractable (>1 month) hiccups which are uncommon but associated with considerable discomfort. Hiccups can arise from organic, idiopathic and psychogenic causes. The use of therapeutic drugs forms one of the important causes of hiccups. Antipsychotics are thought to be effective in the treatment of hiccups. Although the exact pathophysiological processes involved have not yet been established, the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and gamma amino butyric aid (GABA) have been documented to play a significant role in the generation of hiccups. We report a patient of 66 year-old male with late-onset schizphrenia who developed persistent hiccups with switching from zuclopenthixol to the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole . We discuss the possible underlying neurotransmitter mechanisms and the clinical implications of this rare adverse event.
Minor Field, Major Territories: Dilemmas in Modernizing Hellenism

When the Greek critic and author Yiorgos Theotokas set out in 1929 to consider the cultural potential of modern Hellenism, he undertook to chart from his "airborne" perspective the position and expanse of Greek in relation to contemporary European traditions. He thought that it would be especially fruitful to make comparative judgments regarding a social and political body whose situation was becoming all the more dependent on prevailing trends from the West. For he did not see the dilemma of modern Greeks as a choice between local color and western sophistication, faith and nihilism, tradition and modernization. The decision to enter the auspicious wasteland of modernity had been made of itself in the course of events following the Great War which had remapped the western landscape. Its aftermath for Greece had been cataclysmic: "Suddenly, from one day to the next, we found ourselves in the confusion of the modern world, beaten by the great winds of post-war Europe" (1988: 61). The question now was not whether, but how to open up the cultural boundaries of a "small and narrow-minded, self-absorbed provincial community," which was of itself making unmanagable strides to keep up with modern developments (ÎμÎ3⁄4Î-Î»Î1Î3⁄4Î· Ï„Î¿Ï. Ï„ÏŒÏ€Î¿Ï., 61). At issue was the modernization of Hellenism.
Trolley Dolly or Skilled Emotion Manager? Moving on from Hochschild's Managed Heart

This article examines emotion in organizations and the emotion management skills organizational actors possess. While Hochschild's (1983) seminal work on emotional labour is perhaps one of the greatest contributions to our understanding of emotion in organizations, this article challenges key tenets of Hochschild's thesis and goes on to offer an evolved analysis of emotional labour and alternative conceptualizations of organizational emotionality. Using comparable data, this article depicts airline cabin crews as skilled emotion managers who are able to juggle and synthesize different types of emotion work dependent on situational demands. In addition, the capacity for cabin crews to resist and modify the demands of management and customers acts to further contradict Hochschild's claim regarding the `transmutation' of feelings.
Research Advisory Boards to Facilitate Organizational Research

The authors argue that the currently dominant paradigm for the design, conduct, and evaluation of organizational research is limited. Those limitations hamper the generation and accumulation of significant research and may result in a variety of other dysfunctional consequences. Collaborative approaches to the research process are presented and one, termed the research advisory board (RAB), is discussed in detail. The RAB, a group of scholars who provide guidance with a research project from its early stages, is seen as a mechanism to counter some limitations of the current process. As such, it would complement current procedures to yield a new, more constructive paradigm. We believe RABs would generally improve the quality of research, sharply increase the number of problems that are identified at research stages where they are correctable, lead to early recognition of fatal flaws, potentially increase research creativity, and provide a more level playing field for organizational researchers who do not have other access to collaborative mechanisms.
“Have They Learned to Swim Around in the Big Puddle?”: Cultural Awareness and Engagement of Christian High School Students

This article assesses to what extent and how 18 Protestant and Catholic religiously based high schools in Alberta, British Columbia, and Washington state prepare students for cultural awareness and engagement. All schools claimed to educate students to make constructive and significant differences in culture and society. While this was evident in most schools, the range, depth, and kind of cultural perception and immersion usually depended on the initiatives of individual teachers rather than on school-wide planning. Almost all schools involved their students in service activities both locally and overseas, but these were seldom well integrated with their curricula. Nevertheless, the results of the study challenge the commonly assumed stereotype that religious schools isolate students from culture and neglect social justice issues.
Liquidity and Asset Prices: A Unified Framework

We examine how liquidity and asset prices are affected by the following market imperfections: asymmetric information, participation costs, transaction costs, leverage constraints, non-competitive behavior and search. Our model has three periods: agents are identical in the first, become heterogeneous and trade in the second, and consume asset payoffs in the third. We examine how imperfections in the second period affect different measures of illiquidity, as well as asset prices in the first period. Besides nesting multiple imperfections in a single model, we derive new results on the effects of each imperfection. Our results imply, in particular, that imperfections do not always raise expected returns, and can influence common measures of illiquidity in opposite directions.