Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software development: a paradigm for the future

A new paradigm for software development that treats software development as an experimental activity is presented. Built-in mechanisms are provided for learning how to develop software better and reusing previous experience in the forms of knowledge, processes, and products. Models and measures are used to aid in the tasks of characterization, evaluation, and motivation. An organization scheme is proposed for separating the project-specific focus from the organization's learning and reuse focuses of software development. The implications of this approach for corporations, research, and education are discussed, and some research activities currently underway at the University of Maryland that support this approach are presented. <<ETX>>
Editorial See P 956 Clinical Perspective on P 989

T he Institute of Medicine (IOM) recently convened a committee to review the effects of sodium intake on health outcomes other than blood pressure, focusing on intake from 1500 to 2300 mg/d. 1 Although the final report supported population-wide efforts to lower sodium, it concluded that there were insufficient data to support a lowering of sodium to <1500 mg/d, as recommended by the American Heart Association, 2,3 or to <2000 mg/d, as recommended by the World Health Organization. 4 The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans 5 recommend lowering sodium to <1500 mg/d for a majority of adults and to <2300 mg/d for all others. Several observational studies 6 and randomized trials 7,8 have examined the associations of sodium and subsequent morbidity and mortality and generally suggest a lowering of risk with lower sodium; however, few studies have examined absolute levels of sodium intake down to those considered in the IOM report. Some recent studies have raised the possibility of adverse effects of very low sodium intake on cardiovascu-lar disease (CVD). Data from the Flemish Study on Genes, Environment, and Health Outcomes (FLEMENGHO) and European Project on Genes in Hypertension (EPOGH) cohorts found a higher level of CVD mortality among those in the lowest tertile of sodium intake. 9 In addition, data from patients with CVD or diabetes mellitus suggested a J-shaped curve, with an increase in risk of CVD and mortality at both the upper and lower levels of sodium intake. The IOM concluded, however, that these data were limited and their quality was insufficient to support the assertion of an adverse effect on CVD at very low levels of sodium intake. All of the studies reporting a paradoxical inverse or J-shaped association between sodium intake and CVD were based on secondary analyses of studies that were not designed to assess this relationship. Major concerns included suboptimal measurement of sodium and the potential for bias attributable to indication or reverse causality. Most studies with urinary sodium excretion collected only a spot or single Background—Recent studies have raised the possibility of adverse effects of low sodium, particularly <2300 mg/d, on cardiovascular disease; however, these paradoxical findings might have resulted from suboptimal measurement of sodium and potential biases related to indication or reverse causation. Methods and Results—Phases 1 and 2 of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) collected multiple 24-hour urine specimens among prehypertensive individuals. During extended posttrial surveillance, 193 cardiovascular events …
A distributed parallel community detection heuristics for large-scale real graphs ( Unrefereed Workshop Manuscript )

In the era of ”Big Data”, the need for fast, scalable, and high-precision technique for analysis of huge social networks is growing. The paper proposes a distributed implementation scheme of a community structure identification technique known as the Louvain method [5]. Our technique copes with the growing size of the social network by partitioning and distributing the whole social network. It also employs a few approximation techniques and collective communication to increase parallelisms among the computing nodes. The performance is evaluated using various social network data as well as synthesized data.
The mate choice brain: comparing gene profiles between female choice and male coercive poeciliids

Genes that mediate mate preferences potentially play a key role in promoting and maintaining biological diversity. In this study, we compare mate preference behavior in two related poeciliid fishes with contrasting behavioral phenotypes and relate these behavioral differences to gene profiles in the brain. Results reveal that one poeciliid fish, the Northern swordtail, exhibits robust mate preference as compared to the Western mosquitofish, which utilizes a coercive mating system. Female swordtails display no significant difference in association time between male‐ and female‐exposure trials, whereas female mosquitofish spend significantly less time associating with males relative to females. Furthermore, the preference strength for large males is significantly lower in female mosquitofish relative to swordtails. We then examine expression of three candidate genes previously shown to be associated with mate preference behavior in female swordtails and linked to neural plasticity in other vertebrates: neuroserpin (NS), neuroligin‐3 (NLG‐3) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDA‐R). Whole brain gene expression patterns reveal that two genes (NS and NLG‐3) are positively associated with mate preference behavior in female swordtails, a pattern opposing that of the mosquitofish. In mosquitofish females, these genes are downregulated when females express biases toward males yet are elevated in association with total motor activity patterns under asocial conditions, suggesting that the presence of males in mosquitofish species may inhibit expression of these genes. Both gene expression and female behavioral responses to males exhibit opposing patterns between these species, suggesting that this genetic pathway may potentially act as a substrate for the evolution of mate preference behavior.
A few remarks on Biot ’ s model and linear acoustics of poroelastic saturated materials

This review article consists of two parts. The first part concerns the admissibility of four contributions characteristic for Biot’s model of poroelastic materials: coupling of partial stresses, presence of relative accelerations in equations of motion, dependence of permeability on frequency and changes of porosity. The second part is devoted to the demonstration of those contributions in the analysis of acoustic waves. Propagation of fronts, monochromatic waves and surface waves are considered. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Phagocytosis of spermatozoa and leucocytes by epithelial cells of the genital tract in infertile men infected with Chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas

1. Farrow GM, Harrison EG Jr, Utz DC. Sarcomas and sarcomatoid and mixed malignant tumors of the kidney in adults. 3. Cancer 1968; 22; 556–563. 2. Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA eds. Tumors of the kidney. In Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn IA eds. World Health Organization classification of tumor. Pathology and genetics of tumors of the urinary system and male genital organs. Lyon: IARC Press, 2004; 9–87. 3. Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Zincke H et al. Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: an examination of underlying histologic subtype and an analysis of associations with patient outcome 6. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2004; 28; 435–441. 4. Castillo M, Petit A, Mellado B, Palacin A, Alcover JB, Mallofre C. C-kit expression in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: potential therapy with imatinib 6. J. Urol. 2004; 171(6 Pt 1); 2176–2180. 5. Druker BJ. Imatinib as a paradigm of targeted therapies. Adv. Cancer Res. 2004; 91; 1–30. 6. Hirota S, Isozaki K. Pathology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors 1. Pathol. Int. 2006; 56; 1–9. 7. Kitamura Y, Hirota S, Nishida T. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST): a model for molecule-based diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors. Cancer Sci. 2003; 94; 315–320. 8. Yamazaki K, Sakamoto M, Ohta T, Kanai Y, Ohki M, Hirohashi S. Overexpression of KIT in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2003; 22; 847–852. 9. Petit A, Castillo M, Santos M, Mellado B, Alcover JB, Mallofre C. KIT expression in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: comparative immunohistochemical analysis of KIT expression in different renal cell neoplasms. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2004; 28; 676–678. 10. von Mehren M. Targeted therapy with imatinib: hits and misses? J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23; 8–10. 11. Sengupta S, Cheville JC, Corless CL et al. Rare expression of KIT and absence of KIT mutations in high grade renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol. 2006; 175; 53–56.
State-led Gentrification and the Changing Geography of Market-oriented Housing Policies

Abstract Governments in a wide range of contexts have long pursued policies of social mixing to disperse poverty concentrations, attract middle class residents, and manage disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Drawing on longitudinal and spatial housing data for the case of Amsterdam, this paper shows that the dominant instruments to facilitate social mixing have changed over time. Policy focus has shifted from large-scale urban renewal projects and the demolition of social rental housing to the sale of existing social rental dwellings. The changing nature of tenure restructuring also brings about a changing geography: while urban renewal was mostly concentrated in post-war neighbourhoods of socio-economic decline, social housing sales are increasingly concentrated in inner city neighbourhoods where already existing gentrification processes are amplified. These shifts need to be considered within their wider policy context. Local policies increasingly focus on catering to the preferences of middle class households, while welfare state restructuring and national austerity measures push policies that cut back on social rental housing. Thus, this paper demonstrates that the demise of social rent has accelerated under conditions of market-oriented housing restructuring, and increasingly occurs in high demand neighbourhoods where current housing policies push gentrification.
In the Shadow of Consensus: Communication within Council Working Groups

There are two competing perceptions of the EU Council and its working groups. The first of them argues that the Council works as a battleground for expressing the interests of Member States and other participating actors. A competing view emphasizes the effects of socialization and informal norm shaping behaviour of the actors involved. It thus considers the Council as a forum where consensus prevails. This article analyses how different actors acting in the Council working groups communicate in a formal way. Based upon analysis of non-participatory observation of interventions, it finds that working groups tend to be arenas for real bargaining where the actors enforce their interests. It also finds that even the Council Presidency focuses on interests’ promotion and that socialization – which can be found at the COREPER level – does not take place in the working groups.
Joint Channel Probing and Proportional Fair Scheduling in Wireless Networks

The design of a scheduling scheme is crucial for the efficiency and user-fairness of wireless networks. Assuming that the channel quality information (CQI) of all users is available to a central controller, a simple scheme which maximizes the sum-log utility function has been shown to guarantee proportional fairness. This work studies a more general problem which takes both the CQI acquisition and the user scheduling into account. First, in case the statistics of the channel quality is available to the controller, a joint channel probing and proportional fair scheduling scheme is developed based on the optimal stopping time theory. The convergence and optimality of the scheme is proved. Next, the problem is further studied in the case where the channel statistics are not available to the controller, and a joint learning, probing and scheduling scheme is designed by solving a generalized bandit problem. Furthermore, it is shown that the multiuser diversity gain does not always increase as the number of users increases. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling schemes can provide significant gain over existing schemes.
System Support for Scalable, Reliable, and Highly Manageable Web Hosting Service

This paper presents the architecture and some key mechanisms of an integrated framework for providing a reliable and highly manageable Web hosting service on a scalable server cluster. We devise a novel idea termed "URL Formalizaton" and a corresponding data structure, which provide a scalable solution to the request distribution in the system. We exploit the advantages of Java to implement a management system to providing a highly manageable system. Our system supports a higher level of services reliability than other server cluster systems. The result of performance evaluation on the proposed system shows that the system is low-cost and effective.
Santorini Volcano , Greece

Hazard assessments for long-dormant volcanoes, where information is rarely available, typically have to be made rapidly and in the face of considerable uncertainty and often poor information. A conditional (assuming an eruption), scenario-based probabilistic approach to such an assessment is presented here for Santorini volcano (Greece). The rapid assessment was developed and implemented in response to the 2011-2012 unrest crisis in order to inform emergency management and planning. This paper synthesises the results presented to the Greek National Committee and scientific community involved. Two plausible eruptions at Santorini were investigated, using multiple inputs and dispersal models, based on observations of historic eruptions and expert judgement. For ash hazard, a ‘most likely’ eruption scenario was developed, characterised by slow lava extrusion over periods of one to two years with weak but persistent explosions and ash venting up to 3 km. A second ‘largest considered’ sub-Plinian explosive scenario assumed a 12 km high column of 4-h duration. For gas hazard, constant fluxes of 200 and 800 tons/day SO2 were assumed for the duration of the eruption scenarios, noting that there is very little evidence to constrain SO2 flux from Santorini eruptions. Statistical models of likely wind conditions with height and season were developed from decadal reanalysis time series showing that consistent low-altitude winds were rarely maintained for more than a few days. Stochastic models of ash (TEPHRA2, VOL-CALPUFF) and gas (AERMOD) dispersal provided outputs in the form of probability maps and exceedance probability curves for key loading and concentration thresholds at important locations on the island. The results from the rapid assessments presented in this paper confirm that ash and gas hazard is likely to be of concern if an eruption of Santorini occurs. Higher hazard may be expected to the south and east of the volcano, notably at important tourist and transport hubs. Low hazard to the north and northwest suggests that these may be suitable locations for emergency response centres and emergency critical infrastructure. This approach may provide a blueprint for rapid ash and gas assessment for other long-dormant volcanoes and we provide suggestions for refining the methods used.
Is this conversation on track?

Confidence annotation allows a spoken dialog system to accurately assess the likelihood of misunderstanding at the utterance level and to avoid breakdowns in interaction. We describe experiments that assess the utility of features from the decoder, parser and dialog levels of processing. We also investigate the effectiveness of various classifiers, including Bayesian Networks, Neural Networks, SVMs, Decision Trees, AdaBoost and Naive Bayes, to combine this information into an utterancelevel confidence metric. We found that a combination of a subset of the features considered produced promising results with several of the classification algorithms considered, e.g., our Bayesian Network classifier produced a 45.7% relative reduction in confidence assessment error and a 29.6% reduction relative to a handcrafted rule.
Correlations between microbial parameters from water samples: expectations and reality.

Data which are collected in order to estimate the correlation between parameters must be analysed with caution. Classical statistics of correlation are often inappropriate. The "r" statistic is very easily distorted by non-Normal data. Non-parametric statistics can be helpful. The interpretation and usefulness of the estimates of correlation will depend on the study plan. If water samples come from disparate sources (e.g. upstream or downstream from sewage outlets) then parameters A and B may occur in their highest and lowest numbers according to how close the samples were to contamination sources thus correlating closely. However, if all samples come from sources with similar pollution levels then plots of A and B will show considerable scatter and apparently little correlation. So what is the relationship between A and B? An example of "perfect" correlation, as demonstrated by replicate counts of a single parameter from split samples, gave an r value of only 0.63 (p = 0.62) due to random variation in numbers of organisms between the two halves of the sample. Thus large amounts of data are needed for studying true correlation because relationships between parameters are embedded in the natural variation. This also illustrated that Standards for a single parameter can be "passed" or "failed" by two halves of the same sample. Study design is clearly of fundamental importance. Consideration must be given to the appropriate way of asking questions about correlation between different parameters.
Leverage Requirements and Systemic Risk

This paper demonstrates that regulators can reduce systemic risk through leverage requirements even when exact information on individual bank risk is unavailable. We consider an environment with a large number of banks that issue risky loans and are nanced through a combination of costly outside capital (equity) and insured deposits (debt). In the event of failure, banks impose externalities on society in proportion to their losses that are not internalized due to limited liability. The regulator cannot precisely control individual bank behaviour through risk-weighted capital requirements as individual bank risk is private information. Nevertheless, through a leverage requirement, the regulator can actually reduce systemic risk even when it allows riskier banks to be undercapitalized.
Does a Currency Union Need a Capital Market Union? Risk Sharing via Banks and Markets

We study financial linkages and risk sharing in the context of the Eurozone crisis. We consider four types of currency unions: a currency union with (potentially) segmented markets; a banking union; a capital market union; and a currency union with complete financial markets. We then analyze how these economies respond to deleveraging shocks and to technology shocks. We find that a banking union is enough to deal with public and private deleveraging shocks, but a capital market union is necessary to approximate the complete market allocation when there are shocks that affect productivity or the terms of trade
Mechanism of citrinin‐induced dysfunction of mitochondria. I. Effects on respiration, enzyme activities and membrane potential of renal cortical mitochondria

Citrinin depresses the phosphorylation efficiency of rat renal cortical mitochondria, as inferred from the decrease of the respiratory control coefficient (RC) and ADP/O ratios. The transmembrane potential (Δψ) developed by energized mitochondria and the depolarization upon ADP addition are also decreased. Citrinin (1.0 mM) inhibits almost all enzymes linked to the respiratory chain and increases the activity of succinate cytochrome c reductase and succinate oxidase (coupled). Malate and glutamate dehydrogenases are also inhibited. The inhibitory action of citrinin on phosphoryiation efficiency could be related to the following findings: the effect on complex I; the action on the ATP synthetase complex; the partial inhibition of the transmembrane potential.
JKB ID : 2345 Written Work “ Doraemon ” JKB ID : 3245 Person “ Fujiko F Fujio ( 藤子・F・不二雄 ) ” JKB ID : 2234 Book Series “ Doraemon ”

Knowledge bases play crucial roles in a wide variety of information systems, such as search engines and intelligent personal assistants. For responding constantly fluctuating user information demands, we aim to construct a large-scale and well-structured global knowledge base from the world’s evolving data. In this paper, we discuss enterprise-specific issues with knowledge base construction and present how to deal with these issues in our construction system called “MERMAID”. To maintain the quality of our knowledge base at the production-level, MERMAID is carefully designed to incorporate various automatic and manual validation methods. We partly leverage manual validation methods to deal with business requirements and user feedback quickly since it is difficult to filter out all incorrect facts automatically in practice. Moreover, we propose a novel information extraction method that obtains reliable factual information from Web-crawled data on the basis of distant supervision. Our constructed knowledge base is already utilized in real-world Japanese Web services, and the number of entities in it keeps growing steadily.
Apply semantic template to support content-based image retrieval

Content-based multimedia information retrieval is the hot point of researchers in many domains. But traditional feature vector based retrieval method can not provide retrieval on the semantic template automatically in the process of relevance feedback, and construct a network of semantic template with the support of WordNet in the retrieval process, which helps the user to do retrieval on the semantic level. By our approach, in the keyword query of the user, relevant images will be returned to the user by the help of semantic template association even those images are not annotated by keyword. This paper introduces this approach in detail and present an experiment result at the end of this paper.