Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modern Robot Mapping Techniques a Broad Mini-survey in Outline Form!

Traditionally, two distinct approaches have dominated the robot mapping literature: topological mapping and geometric mapping. A topological map is an abstract encoding of the structural characteristics of an environment. Often, topological maps represent the environment as a set of " distinctive places " (e.g., rooms), connected by sequences of robot behaviors (e.g., hall-following). A geometric map, on the other hand, is a representation of the precise geometric characteristics of the environment, much like a floorplan. Typical approaches to acquiring geometric maps rely heavily on probabilistic techniques due to inherent uncertainties in geometric measurements. Recently, probabilistic methods for topological mapping have also begun to appear, and the mapping literature has moved in some sense toward a confluence of topological and geometric techniques in which the strengths of both approaches can be exploited. This mini-survey examines the convergence of topological and geometric mapping techniques by highlighting several important works in the literature that signify the trend.
Endoclips vs large or small-volume epinephrine in peptic ulcer recurrent bleeding.

AIM To compare the recurrent bleeding after endoscopic injection of different epinephrine volumes with hemoclips in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer. METHODS Between January 2005 and December 2009, 150 patients with gastric or duodenal bleeding ulcer with major stigmata of hemorrhage and nonbleeding visible vessel in an ulcer bed (Forrest IIa) were included in the study. Patients were randomized to receive a small-volume epinephrine group (15 to 25 mL injection group; Group 1, n = 50), a large-volume epinephrine group (30 to 40 mL injection group; Group 2, n = 50) and a hemoclip group (Group 3, n = 50). The rate of recurrent bleeding, as the primary outcome, was compared between the groups of patients included in the study. Secondary outcomes compared between the groups were primary hemostasis rate, permanent hemostasis, need for emergency surgery, 30 d mortality, bleeding-related deaths, length of hospital stay and transfusion requirements. RESULTS Initial hemostasis was obtained in all patients. The rate of early recurrent bleeding was 30% (15/50) in the small-volume epinephrine group (Group 1) and 16% (8/50) in the large-volume epinephrine group (Group 2) (P = 0.09). The rate of recurrent bleeding was 4% (2/50) in the hemoclip group (Group 3); the difference was statistically significant with regard to patients treated with either small-volume or large-volume epinephrine solution (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.045, respectively). Duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter among patients treated with hemoclips than among patients treated with epinephrine whereas there were no differences in transfusion requirement or even 30 d mortality between the groups. CONCLUSION Endoclip is superior to both small and large volume injection of epinephrine in the prevention of recurrent bleeding in patients with peptic ulcer.
Lexical Markup Framework (LMF)

Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting Natural Language Processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that the production of a consensual specification on lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, the purpose of LMF is to define a standard for lexicons. LMF is a model that provides a common standardized framework for the construction of NLP lexicons. The goals of LMF are to provide a common model for the creation and use of lexical resources, to manage the exchange of data between and among these resources, and to enable the merging of large number of individual electronic resources to form extensive global electronic resources. In this paper, we describe the work in progress within the sub-group ISO-TC37/SC4/WG4. Various experts from a lot of countries have been consulted in order to take into account best practices in a lot of languages for (we hope) all kinds of NLP lexicons.
A cross cluster-based collaborative filtering method for recommendation

As the clustering-based model has better scalability than typical collaborative filtering methods, it has become one of the most successful approaches for recommender systems. However, since clustering-based algorithms often result in nearby users being divided into different clusters, they only recommend items being rated by users belonging to the same cluster with the active user, and recommendation opportunities are missed for some users because of the loss of nearby users. In this paper, we propose a cross cluster-based method to take more recommendation opportunities by considering nearby users through merging of neighbors in user clusters. We define an associate degree to find the neighboring clusters. Experimental results on real data sets have shown that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of recommendation.
Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

Abstract Successful training must involve overload, but also must avoid the combination of excessive overload plus inadequate recovery. Athletes can experience short-term performance decrement, without severe psychological, or lasting other negative symptoms. This Functional Overreaching (FOR) will eventually lead to an improvement in performance after recovery. When athletes do not sufficiently respect the balance between training and recovery, Non-Functional Overreaching (NFOR) can occur. The distinction between NFOR and the Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) is very difficult and will depend on the clinical outcome and exclusion diagnosis. The athlete will often show the same clinical, hormonal and other signs and symptoms. A keyword in the recognition of OTS might be ‘prolonged maladaptation’ not only of the athlete, but also of several biological, neurochemical, and hormonal regulation mechanisms. It is generally thought that symptoms of OTS, such as fatigue, performance decline and mood disturbances, are more severe than those of NFOR. However, there is no scientific evidence to either confirmor refute this suggestion. One approach to understanding the aetiology of OTS involves the exclusion of organic diseases or infections and factors such as dietary caloric restriction (negative energy balance) and insufficient carbohydrate and/or protein intake, iron deficiency, magnesium deficiency, allergies, etc., together with identification of initiating events or triggers. In this paper, we provide the recent status of possible markers for the detection of OTS. Currently several markers (hormones, performance tests, psychological tests, biochemical and immune markers) are used, but none of them meets all criteria to make its use generally accepted.
An investigation of the small slope approximation for scattering from rough surfaces. Part II. Numerical studies

Broschat, S.L. , and E.I. Thorsos, An investigation of the small slope approximation for scattering from rough surfaces: Part II: Numerical studies, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , Vol. 101, No. 5, 2615-2625, May 1997. http://dx.doi. org/10.1121/1.418502.
Disk-Covering, a Fast-Converging Method for Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction

The evolutionary history of a set of species is represented by a phylogenetic tree, which is a rooted, leaf-labeled tree, where internal nodes represent ancestral species and the leaves represent modern day species. Accurate (or even boundedly inaccurate) topology reconstructions of large and divergent trees from realistic length sequences have long been considered one of the major challenges in systematic biology. In this paper, we present a simple method, the Disk-Covering Method (DCM), which boosts the performance of base phylogenetic methods under various Markov models of evolution. We analyze the performance of DCM-boosted distance methods under the Jukes-Cantor Markov model of biomolecular sequence evolution, and prove that for almost all trees, polylogarithmic length sequences suffice for complete accuracy with high probability, while polynomial length sequences always suffice. We also provide an experimental study based upon simulating sequence evolution on model trees. This study confirms substantial reductions in error rates at realistic sequence lengths.
Geospatial data grid with computational capability

Grid-computing technology is used to solve large or complex computational problems on distributed computational resources belonging to multiple organizations regardless of their geographical locations. In this paper, we introduce an integration of the SAFORAH geospatial data grid, provided by the Canadian Forest Service, and the computational grids, offered by the University of Victoria and National Research Council Canada, using Globus Toolkit 4 (GT-4) as a common grid middleware. New GT-4 services, such as an Integration Service (IS), a Metascheduler Service (MS) and a Registry Service (RS) were designed and implemented. MS is a broker used to schedule jobs on many distinct computational clusters at the project partner sites. The RS is used to track the availability of resources at these sites. IS allows the data grid and computational grids to work together, so that users are able not only to access geospatial data directly from the SAFORAH data grid but also to create virtual image products on the fly using the computational grids. The new system is a prime example of sharing data and computational resources and collaborating between different organization and research communities. We envisage that the results of our system would be valuable to other projects that wish to combine large-scale data management systems with computational resources.
Novel cyclic peptide agonist of high potency and selectivity for the type II vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor.

Ro 25-1392 [Ac-Glu8,OCH3-Tyr10,Lys12,Nle17,Ala19,A sp25,Leu26,-Lys27,28-vasoactive intestinal peptide(cyclo 21-25)] is a cyclic peptide analog of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) that potently exerts cellular effects typical of VIP. The selectivity of Ro 25-1392 for type I (VIPR1) and type II (VIPR2) VIP receptors was investigated first in competitive binding studies using Chinese hamster ovary cell transfectants stably expressing recombinant human VIPR1 and VIPR2. Nonradioactive Ro 25-1392 was as potent a competitive inhibitor as VIP for the binding of 125I-VIP to VIPR2 transfectants (Ki = 9.6 +/- 1.0 and 16 +/- 1.7 nM, respectively; mean +/- S.E.M., n = 4). In contrast, Ro 25-1392 had a very low affinity for VIPR1, compared with VIP, and attained a maximum of only 40% mean inhibition of binding of 125I-VIP at 1 microM. The affinity of VIP (Ki = 3.4 +/- 1.5 nM, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 4) for binding to VIPR1 was 1000-fold greater than that of Ro 25-1392. Ro 25-1392 evoked concurrent and concentration-dependent increases in intracellular levels of calcium and cyclic AMP (EC50 = 3.0 +/- 0.4 nM, mean +/- S.E.M., n = 4) in VIPR2 transfectants, but not in VIPR1 transfectants. The VIP receptor specificity of Ro 25-1392 was confirmed by preincubation of Chinese hamster ovary transfectants with 0.1 microM Ro 25-1392 for 18 hr at 37 degrees C, to down-regulate each type of VIP receptor. Pretreatment of VIPR2 transfectants with Ro 25-1392 decreased Bmax by a mean of 58% and VIP-induced increases in the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP by a mean of 65%. In contrast, there was no significant change in VIPR1 transfectants after pretreatment with Ro 25-1392. Ro 25-1392 thus is selectively recognized by VIPR2, with consequent initiation of cyclic AMP and Ca+2 signals and down-regulation of VIPR2. This potent analog of VIP may prove useful for investigations of VIPR2-mediated physiological effects of VIP and exploration of the roles of VIPR2 in diseases.
Strategic Contributions of Information Technology: An Empirical Study of Atm Networks

This paper presents an empirical study of the strategic contributions of automated tellermachines (ATMs) to improving a bank branch's local deposit market share at the expense of itscompetitors. By extending previous models of deposit market share in branch banking to incorporateATM technology variables, we develop a tool to provide answers and insights on key questionsinvolving the evaluation of second order strategic impacts of information technology (IT)which have not previously been measured in this context. Our results suggest that a bank's ATMnetwork membership decision is crucial to its later success in enhancing deposit market share viadeployment of ATMs. However, we found little evidence that branch ATMs provide any competitiveleverage to increase a branch's local deposit share.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Subepithelial Tumors: A Single-Center Experience

Background and Aims. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been accepted as a treatment modality for gastrointestinal epithelial tumors. Recently, ESD has been applied to resect subepithelial tumors (SETs) in the gastrointestinal tract, but clinical evidence on its efficacy and safety is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of ESD for gastric SETs and to assess possible predictive factors for incomplete resection. Patients and Methods. Between January 2006 and December 2013, a total of 49 patients with gastric SET underwent ESD at our hospital. Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients and SETs, therapeutic outcomes, complications, and follow-up outcomes were evaluated. Results. The overall rates of en bloc resection and complete resection were 88% (43/49) and 84% (43/49), respectively. Complete resection rates in tumors originating from the submucosal layer were significantly higher than those in tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer (90% versus 56%, P = 0.028). In multivariate logistic regression analyses, tumor location (upper third: odds ratio [OR] 12.639, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.087–146.996, P = 0.043) and layer of tumor origin (muscularis propria: OR 8.174, 95% CI 1.059–63.091, P = 0.044) were independently associated with incomplete resection. Procedure-related bleeding and perforation rates were both 4%. No recurrence was observed in patients with complete resection at a median follow-up period of 29 months (range: 7–83 months). Conclusions. ESD is an effective, safe, and feasible treatment for gastric SETs. The frequency of incomplete resection increases in tumors located in the upper third of the stomach and in those originating from the muscularis propria layer.
Symbolic models for nonlinear control systems affected by disturbances

In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of symbolic models for the formal verification and control design of purely continuous or hybrid systems. Symbolic models are abstract descriptions of continuous systems where one symbol corresponds to an ‘aggregate’ of continuous states. In this article, we face the problem of deriving symbolic models for nonlinear control systems affected by disturbances. The main contribution of this article is in proposing symbolic models that can be effectively constructed and that approximate nonlinear control systems affected by disturbances in the sense of alternating approximate bisimulation.
Emotion Classification in Microblog Texts Using Class Sequential Rules

This paper studies the problem of emotion classification in microblog texts. Given a microblog text which consists of several sentences, we classify its emotion as anger, disgust, fear, happiness, like, sadness or surprise if available. Existing methods can be categorized as lexicon based methods or machine learning based methods. However, due to some intrinsic characteristics of the microblog texts, previous studies using these methods always get unsatisfactory results. This paper introduces a novel approach based on class sequential rules for emotion classification of microblog texts. The approach first obtains two potential emotion labels for each sentence in a microblog text by using an emotion lexicon and a machine learning approach respectively, and regards each microblog text as a data sequence. It then mines class sequential rules from the dataset and finally derives new features from the mined rules for emotion classification of microblog texts. Experimental results on a Chinese benchmark dataset show the superior performance of the proposed approach.
A Machine Learning based Approach to Evaluating Retrieval Systems

Test collections are essential to evaluate Information Retrieval (IR) systems. The relevance assessment set has been recognized as the key bottleneck in test collection building, especially on very large sized document collections. This paper addresses the problem of efficiently selecting documents to be included in the assessment set. We will show how machine learning techniques can fit this task. This leads to smaller pools than traditional round robin pooling, thus reduces significantly the manual assessment workload. Experimental results on TREC collections consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach according to different evaluation criteria.
Impaired Acquisition of Spatial Memory 2 Weeks After Isoflurane and Isoflurane-Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia in Aged Rats

Aged rats are impaired on a spatial memory task for at least 24–48 h after isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. In this study, we tested how long the impairment lasts and investigated the role of nitrous oxide. Eighteen-month-old rats were randomized to anesthesia for 2 h with 1.2% isoflurane with or without 70% nitrous oxide or a control group (30% oxygen). Two weeks later, rats were tested daily for 14 days on a 12-arm radial maze. The number of correct choices to first error, total errors, and time to complete the maze were recorded. Rats anesthetized with 1.2% isoflurane with 70% nitrous oxide made fewer correct choices before first error (P ≤ 0.05). Trends toward similar results were noted for error rate and time to complete the maze, but these did not achieve statistical significance. Post hoc analysis comparing all anesthetized rats to controls demonstrated that anesthetized rats made fewer correct choices to first error (P ≤ 0.05) and took longer to complete the maze (P ≤ 0.05). There were no differences in total number of errors (P ≤ 0.06). Thus, spatial memory is impaired for 2 wk after general anesthesia in aged rats independent of whether nitrous oxide is used.
Factors associated with extended treatment among tuberculosis patients at risk of relapse in California.

SETTING California, United States. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) patients at risk for relapse who received at least 9 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment (extended treatment) and to identify factors associated with not receiving extended treatment. DESIGN We analyzed characteristics of culture-confirmed pulmonary TB patients reported to the California TB Registry during 2004-2009. Patients with cavities on initial chest radiograph and delayed culture conversion (⩾70 days) were at 'high risk of relapse', and anti-tuberculosis treatment of ⩾270 days was 'extended treatment'. We used a generalized linear model to identify independent risk factors for absence of extended treatment in the high risk of relapse group. RESULTS Among 5680 TB patients, 483 (8.5%) were at high risk of relapse: 372 (77%) received extended treatment but 111 (23%) did not. Factors associated with absence of extended treatment included negative sputum smears (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.62, 95%CI 1.69-4.05), residence in three specific counties (aPR 1.71, 95%CI 1.19-2.46) and Black race (aPR 1.56, 95%CI 1.03-2.38). CONCLUSIONS Nearly a quarter of TB patients at high risk of relapse did not receive extended treatment. Increased efforts are needed to ensure that all patients who may benefit from extended anti-tuberculosis treatment receive it.
Towards efficient main-memory use for optimum tree index update

An emerging class of database applications is characterized by frequent updates of low-dimensional data, e.g. coming from sensors that sample continuous real world phenomena. Traditional persistency requirements can be weakened in this setting of frequent updates, emphasizing a role of the main-memory in external storage index structures and enabling a higher update throughput. Moreover, in order for an index to be suitable for practical applications, efficient past-state queries should be supported without significantly penalizing other operations. These issues are not adequately addressed in the database research. We report on the RR-tree---our first step towards resolving them. Based on this, we outline a number of concrete short-term and more abstract longer-term future research directions.
Anesthetic Dilemmas for Dynamic Evaluation of the Pediatric Upper Airway

Sleep cine magnetic resonance imaging and drug-induced sleep endoscopy are currently used to examine the patterns of dynamic airway collapse in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Providing anesthesia that mimics physiologic sleep in these children is a challenge but is critical for accurate interpretation of the airway evaluation. Anesthetic agents might negatively affect the upper airway evaluation. The anesthetic technique in these patients must be tailored to improve patient safety and obtain optimal study. This review focuses on the periprocedural challenges and anesthetic management of children presenting for dynamic evaluation of the upper airway.
The Process of Learning

Overview: everyday and school learning. The developing student: cognitive development over the years the development of understanding moral and social development culture, language, and multi-culturalism intelligence and the IQ exceptional children and their needs. Cognitive and motivational processes: learning and memory learning and personality. why students are motivated how students are motivated. Meta-cognitive processes: how students approach their learning learning and handling text. The outcomes of learning: learning and its evaluation techniques of assessing learning. Teaching and learning: teaching for better learning learning about better teaching.
Business information query expansion through semantic network

In this article, we propose a method for business information query expansions. In our approach, hypernym/hyponymy and synonym relations in WordNet are used as the basic expansion rules. Then we use WordNet Lexical Chains and WordNet semantic similarity to assign terms in the same query into different groups with respect to their semantic similarities. For each group, we expand the highest terms in the WordNet hierarchies with hypernym and synonym, the lowest terms with hyponym and synonym and all other terms with only synonym. In this way, the contradictory caused by full expansion can be well controlled. Furthermore, we use collection-related term semantic network to further improve the expansion performance. And our experiment reveals that our solution for query expansion can improve the query performance dramatically.