Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Network Approach for Multiscale Catchment Classification using Traits

The classification of river catchments into groups with similar characteristics addresses the challenges posed by each location’s unique properties to better understand and predict hydrological behaviors. The recent increasing availability of remote sensing and other large-scale geospatial datasets have enabled the use of advanced data-driven approaches to classify catchments using traits such as topography, geology, climate, land cover, land use, and human influence. Unsupervised clustering algorithms based on the Euclidean distance are commonly used for trait-based classification, but are subject to degradation 5 when applied to high dimensional data. In this study we present a new network-based method for multi-scale catchment classification, which can be applied to large datasets and used to determine the traits associated with different catchment groups. In this framework two networks are analyzed in parallel; the first where the nodes are traits, and the second where the nodes are catchments. In both cases edges represent pairwise similarity and a network cluster detection algorithm is used for the classification. The traits network is used to investigate redundancy in the trait data and to condense this information into a small 10 number of interpretable categories. The catchments network is used to classify the catchments into clusters, and to identify representative catchments for the different groups using the degree centrality metric. We apply this method to classify 9067 river catchments across the contiguous United States at both regional and continental scales using 274 non-categorical traits. At the continental scale we identify 25 interpretable categories of traits (e.g., developed areas, temperature, croplands) and 34 catchment clusters of size greater than 50. We find that catchments with similar trait categories are geographically coherent, 15 with different spatial patterns emerging among the clusters that are dominated by natural and anthropogenic traits. We also find that the catchment clusters exhibit distinct hydrological behavior based on an analysis of streamflow indices. This network approach provides several advantages over traditional means of classification including the use of alternate similarity metrics that are more suitable for high dimensional data and providing interpretability with trait
Robust Partial Fingerprint Recognition

Low quality capture and obstruction on fingers often result in partially visible fingerprint images, which imposes challenge for fingerprint recognition. In this work, motivated from the practical use cases, we first systematically studied different types of partial occlusion. Specifically, two major types of partial occlusion, including six granular types, and the corresponding methods to simulate each type for model evaluation and improvement were introduced. Second, we proposed a novel Robust Partial Fingerprint (RPF) recognition framework to mitigate the performance degradation due to occlusion. RPF effectively encodes the knowledge about partial fingerprints through occlusion-enhanced data augmentation, and explicitly captures the missing regions for robust feature extraction through occlusion-aware modeling. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of RPF through extensive experiments. Particularly, baseline fingerprint recognition models can degrade the recognition accuracy measured in FRR @ FAR=0.1% from 14.67% to 17.57% at 10% occlusion ratio on the challenging NIST dataset, while RPF instead improves the recognition performance to 9.99% under the same occlusion ratio. Meanwhile, we presented a set of empirical analysis through visual explanation, matching score analysis, and uncertainty modeling, providing insights into the recognition model’s behavior and potential directions of enhancement.
University of

This paper suggests how violence prevention can be better informed by embracing an evolutionary approach to understanding and preventing violent crime. Here, ethical crime control through an evolutionary lens is considered and speculation is offered as to what an evolution-evidenced crime reduction programme might look like. The paper begins with an outline of the current landscape of crime prevention scholarship within criminology and presents some possible points of contact with actual or possible violence reduction practice, including child homicide and violence against women. The paper concludes with suggestions for an ethical research agenda for reducing violence, whereby it is hoped that an audience of open-minded criminologists and diverse students of evolution may lend a hand in increasing the sophistication of the criminological study of violence prevention.
Parenting Styles, Socioeconomic Status and (Non-)Cognitive Skills

: This paper analyzes the role of parenting styles, a recent topic in the economic literature. Using a novel latent class model, we investigate which parenting styles can be observed in the data and how parenting styles are related to parents’ socioeconomic status and household composition. We identify four parenting styles. An authoritarian and an authoritative style closely resemble the styles proposed by psychologists. The two other styles are variations of these styles. The parenting styles are strongly associated with household income, education and whether a child is an only child. The results suggest that constraints in both time and (non-)cognitive skills of the parents restrict their choice. We ﬁnd that children’s skills, in particular non-cognitive skills, are strongly associated with the parenting style. Parenting styles that are associated with low household income and having more than one child are associated with lower skills of the child. Therefore, our results indicate that parenting styles might be an important factor in explaining the skill gap in early childhood between children from diﬀerent socioeconomic origins.
Intestinal Enterokinase Deficiency TABLE I Enterokinase , Trypsin , and Chymotrypsin Concentrations in Duodenal Juice Case 1 Case 2 Normal Values Initial After Addition Initial After Addition Value of Juice Containing Value of Juice Containing Mean Range Enterokinase Enterokinase Trypsin

Enterokinase is an enzyme secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine and is responsible for the conversion of trypsinogen to its active product, trypsin. Its key role in initiating the formation of proteolytic enzymes from their inactive precursors is illustrated in Fig. 1. When the pancreatic zymogens reach the duodenum, trypsin is formed by the action of enterokinase on trypsinogen and this trypsin then activates the other pancreatic proteolytic zymogens (chymotrypsinogens and pro-carboxypeptidases). Enterokinase was first discovered in 1899 by Schepowalnikov working in Pavlov's laboratory, and because of its enzymic action on another enzyme, Pavlov (1967) aptly described it as a 'ferment of ferments'. Despite considerable interest in the physiology of enterokinase during the earlier part of this century, and the fact that its absence should result in marked impairment of protein digestion, it has not excited much medical interest. We describe 2 children who presented with diarrhoea and failure to thrive, in whom the underlying abnormality was found to be enterokinase deficiency. A brief report of Case 1 has previously appeared as a preliminary communication (Hadorn et al., 1969) and Case 2 has been recorded in abstract form (Tarlow and Hadorn, 1970).
Revisiting Pseudo-Label for Single-Positive Multi-Label Learning

To deal with the challenge of high cost of annotating all relevant labels for each example in multi-label learning, single-positive multi-label learning (SPMLL) has been studied in recent years, where each example is annotated with only one positive label. By adopting pseudo-label generation , i.e., assigning pseudo-label to each example by various strategies, existing methods have empirically validated that SPMLL would significantly reduce the amount of supervision with a tolerable damage in classification performance. However, there is no existing method that can provide a theoretical guarantee for learning from pseudo-label on SPMLL. In this paper, the conditions of the effectiveness of learning from pseudo-label for SPMLL are shown and the learnability of pseudo-label-based methods is proven. Furthermore, based on the theoretical guarantee of pseudo-label for SPMLL, we propose a novel SPMLL method named M IME , i.e., Mutual label enhancement for sIngle-positive Multi-label lEarning and prove that the generated pseudo-label by M IME approximately converges to the fully-supervised case. Experiments on four image datasets and five MLL datasets show the effectiveness of our methods over several existing SPMLL approaches.
global and regional brain volumes normalization in weight-recovered adolescents with anorexia nervosa: preliminary findings of a longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study

: The recent literature on anorexia nervosa (AN) suggests that functional and structural abnormalities of cortico-limbic areas might play a role in the evolution of the disease. We explored global and regional brain volumes in a cross-sectional and follow-up study on adolescents affected by AN. Eleven adolescents with AN underwent a voxel-based morphometry study at time of diagnosis and immediately after weight recovery. Data were compared to volumes carried out in eight healthy, age and sex matched controls. Subjects with AN showed increased cerebrospinal fluid volumes and decreased white and gray matter volumes, when compared to controls. Moreover, significant regional gray matter decrease in insular cortex and cerebellum was found at time of diagnosis. No regional white matter decrease was found between samples and controls. Correlations between psychological evaluation and insular volumes were explored. After weight recovery gray matter volumes normalized while reduced global white matter volumes persisted.
Escholarship@umms Program in Gene Function and Expression Publications and Presentations Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian Sirt3 Deacetylates Atp Synthase Beta and Regulates Complex V Activity Repository Citation Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian Sirt3 Deacetylates Atp Synthase 

Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase beta and regulates complex V activity" (2014). Comments This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase β and regulates complex V activity.
Socioeconomic Status and Health: Dimensions and Mechanisms

This paper reviews the evidence on the well-known positive association between socioeconomic status and health. We focus on four dimensions of socioeconomic status -- education, financial resources, rank, and race and ethnicity -- paying particular attention to how the mechanisms linking health to each of these dimensions diverge and coincide. The extent to which socioeconomic advantage causes good health varies, both across these four dimensions and across the phases of the lifecycle. Circumstances in early life play a crucial role in determining the co-evolution of socioeconomic status and health throughout adulthood. In adulthood, a considerable part of the association runs from health to socioeconomic status, at least in the case of wealth. The diversity of pathways casts doubt upon theories that treat socioeconomic status as a unified concept.
Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre Quantitative Research in Taxation – Discussion Papers

Eine von Die Grünen/EFA in Auftrag gegebene Studie kommt basierend auf handelsrechtlichen Einzelabschlüssen zum Ergebnis, deutsche Kapitalgesellschaften würden durch erfolgreiche Steuergestaltungen lediglich rund 20 % anstelle der gesetzlich geforderten 30 % an Steuern zahlen. Diese Behauptung hält einer wissenschaftlichen Überprüfung ebenso wenig stand wie die Aussage, große und international agierende Unternehmen hätten eine niedrigere Steuerquote. Wenn bei der Sample-Selection berücksichtigt wird, dass die verwendeten (Handels-)Bilanz-Datenbanken auch Personenunternehmen sowie ganz oder teilweise steuerbefreite Unternehmen beinhalten, und der (95 %ige) Steuerfreistellung von (Schachtel-) Dividenden gemäß § 8b KStG Rechnung getragen wird, ergibt sich eine durchschnittliche Steuerbelastung deutscher Kapitalgesellschaften unabhängig von deren Größe und Internationalität im Bereich des gesetzlichen Nominalsteuersatzes. Jedoch ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass dieses Ergebnis nicht bedeutet, dass es keinerlei Steuergestaltungen zu Lasten des deutschen Fiskus gibt. Nur lassen sich derartige Steuergestaltungen nicht anhand von unternehmerischen Einzelabschlüssen identifizieren. Stichworte: Effektive Steuerquoten, Unternehmenssteuerbelastung, Steuervermeidung, Steuerplanung, Multinational Enterprises, Deutschland JEL: H25, M41, K34, F23 * Hans-Peter Huber ist Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftliche Steuerlehre an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Prof. Dr. Ralf Maiterth ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Betriebswirtschaftliche Steuerlehre an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Forschungsprofessor am DIW und Vorstand von arqus e.V. Gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) – Projektnummer 403041268 – TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency.
evaluation of the indications and arrhythmic patterns of 24 hour holter electrocardiography among hypertensive and diabetic patients seen at OaUThc, ile-ife nigeria

There are very limited published studies in Nigeria on the use of 24 hour Holter electrocardiogram (Holter ECG) in the arrhythmic evaluation of hypertensive and diabetic patients. Objective: To evaluate indications, arrhythmic pattern of Holter ECG, and heart rate variability (HRV) among patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) with or without heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) seen in our cardiac care unit. Methods: Seventy-nine patients (32 males and 47 females) were studied consecutively over a year using Schiller type (MT-101) Holter ECG machine. Results: Out of the 79 patients, 17 (21.5%) had HHD without heart failure, 33 (41.8%) had HHD with hypertensive heart failure (HHF), while 29 (36.7%) were T2DM patients. The mean (standard deviation) ages of HHD without heart failure, HHF and T2DM patients were 59.65 ( ± 14.38), 65.15 ( ± 14.30), and 54.66 ( ± 8.88) respectively. The commonest indication for Holter ECG was palpitation (38%), followed by syncope (20.3%). Premature ventricular contraction was the commonest arrhythmic pattern among the 79 patients, especially among HHF patients. The HRV, using standard deviation of all normal-normal intervals was significantly reduced in T2DM patients (81.03 ± 26.33, confidence interval [CI] = 71.02–91.05) compared to the HHD without heart failure (119.65 ± 29.86, CI = 104.30–135.00) and HHF (107.03 ± 62.50, CI = 84.00–129.19). There was a negative correlation between the duration of T2DM and HRV ( r =- 0.613). Conclusion: Palpitation was the commonest Holter ECG indication and premature ventricular contractions were the commonest arrhythmic pattern among our patients. HRV was reduced in T2DM patients compared with hypertensive patients.
Sweeping the Dirt Under the Rug: Measuring Spillovers from an Anti-Corruption Measure

Using data on Italian public procurement, I show that the implementation of a law enforcement measure on a municipal government has two effects on neighbouring municipalities. First, they increase the number of contracts under a threshold below which evidentiary requirements become less stringent, making it more difficult to prove any infraction. This response accounts for 1 percent of the yearly expenditure on large contracts. Second, they renegotiate fewer contracts, a practice that is often associated with corruption. The results suggest that, in response to law enforcement, local administrators exploit less monitored margins of the procurement process and engage less in activities that are signals of potential corruption so as to minimise scrutiny by law enforcement bodies. I provide evidence that this is indeed the case. Using a technique from natural language processing, I show that municipalities split large projects into contracts smaller than the threshold and the response occurs only in sectors that are more vulnerable to corruption (i.e. construction and waste management). ∗Special thanks to my supervisors Miguel Almunia, Michael Best, James Fenske and Carlo Perroni for their invaluable support. I am very grateful to Benjamin Chen, Rosetta Greco, Lucia Iannotta, Domenico Manente, Giampaolo Sellitto and Monica Vici who helped me to collect the data and clarifying the institutional setting. I thank Arun Advani, Audinga Baltrunaite, Alessandra Casella, Luis Candelaria, Decio Coviello, Gianmarco Daniele, Francesco De Carolis, Lucie Gadenne, Francois Gerard, Jonas Hjort, Camilla Roncoroni, Gabriele Rovigatti and seminar participants at WEEE, University of Warwick, Columbia University, HEC University and Bocconi University for their insightful comments. All errors are responsibility of the author. Email: a.tulli@warwick.ac. uk. Website: https://sites.google. com/view/andreatulli/home. I gratefully acknowledge ESRC for financial support and data access from ANAC.
Convection turbulente dans une cellule de Rayleigh-Bénard cryogénique : de nouveaux éléments en faveur du Régime Ultime de Kraichnan

Cette these est consacree a l'etude de la convection turbulente pour des nombres de Rayleigh (Ra) pouvant atteindre 10^14 grâce a l'utilisation de l'helium cryogenique. Nous nous interessons plus particulierement au regime de convection apparaissant pour Ra≈10^12. Ce regime a ete observe et interprete a Grenoble il y a une dizaine d'annees, comme la transition vers le Regime Ultime de la convection predit par R. Kraichnan en 1962. Deux signatures de ce regime avaient alors ete observees : une augmentation du nombre de Nusselt (Nu) ainsi qu'un changement qualitatif sur les fluctuations de temperature dans le cœur de la cellule, cette derniere signature ayant ete contestee en invoquant un effet de taille de capteurs. Dans un premier temps, nous confirmons la transition deja observee sur les mesures locales de temperature, a partir de mesures realisees avec un thermometre dix fois plus petit. Ce resultat est complete par une etude de l'influence de la taille des thermometres sur les mesures. Des thermometres dont la taille varie de 17 microns a 2 mm ont ete fabriques dans ce but. Ensuite, nous observons indirectement une instabilite de la couche limite thermique, en accord avec les predictions sur le Regime Ultime. Cette observation est realisee a partir de mesures des fluctuations de temperature de la plaque inferieure de la cellule. Cette transition et celle sur Nu interviennent pour le meme Ra. Enfin, nous ecartons l'hypothese selon laquelle la transition observee sur le transfert thermique serait associee a une transition de l'ecoulement a grande echelle dans la cellule, grâce a une caracterisation de cet ecoulement avant et apres la transition.
heart detection and diagnosis based on Ecg and EPcg relationships

: A new design of a system for preliminary detection of defective hearts is proposed which is composed of two subsystems, in which one is based on the relationship between the electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG) signals. The relationship between both signals is determined as an impulse response ( h(n) ) of a system, where the decision is made based on the linear predictive coding coefficients of a heart’s impulse response. The other subsystem uses a phase space approach, in which the mean squared error between the distance vectors of the phase space of the normal heart and abnormal heart is judged by the likelihood ratio test ( Λ ) value, on which the decision is made. The advantage of the proposed system is that a heart’s diagnosis system based on the ECG and EPCG signals can lead to high performance heart diagnostics.
evidence for the role of bevacizumab in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer: a review

: Angiogenesis inhibitors may provide a new approach to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody against pathologic angiogenesis. A pivotal study (ECOG 2100) showed that bevacizumab in combination with paclitaxel increased progression-free survival for patients with metastatic breast cancer by 6 months. Subsequently, several clinical trials have shown that the combination of bevacizumab with a taxane can improve disease-free survival but does not prolong overall survival. While generally well tolerated, bevacizumab is potentially toxic for some patients who develop hypertension, proteinuria, bleeding, impaired wound healing, bowel perforation or thromboembolic events. Here, we review the current evidence for the use of bevacizumab in breast cancer and ongoing studies that address the questions of how to optimize regimens and schedules for the use of anti-angiogenic agents and the identification of those patients who would benefit the most from treatment with regimens that include antiangiogenic therapy.