Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Liverpool Adverse Drug Reaction Causality Assessment Tool

Aim To develop and test a new adverse drug reaction (ADR) causality assessment tool (CAT). Methods A comparison between seven assessors of a new CAT, formulated by an expert focus group, compared with the Naranjo CAT in 80 cases from a prospective observational study and 37 published ADR case reports (819 causality assessments in total). Main Outcome Measures Utilisation of causality categories, measure of disagreements, inter-rater reliability (IRR). Results The Liverpool ADR CAT, using 40 cases from an observational study, showed causality categories of 1 unlikely, 62 possible, 92 probable and 125 definite (1, 62, 92, 125) and ‘moderate’ IRR (kappa 0.48), compared to Naranjo (0, 100, 172, 8) with ‘moderate’ IRR (kappa 0.45). In a further 40 cases, the Liverpool tool (0, 66, 81, 133) showed ‘good’ IRR (kappa 0.6) while Naranjo (1, 90, 185, 4) remained ‘moderate’. Conclusion The Liverpool tool assigns the full range of causality categories and shows good IRR. Further assessment by different investigators in different settings is needed to fully assess the utility of this tool.
Faster Method for Tuning the Tile Size for Tile Matrix Decomposition

Matrices are frequently decomposed in various ways in order to meet the conditions of an application, and therefore, algorithms for doing this are very important in the field of numerical linear algebra. In the tile algorithm, it is very critical to find a tile size that is suitable for the size of the matrix and the run-time environment. Smaller tiles can generate many fine-grained tasks. This can resolve load imbalances, but it causes a decline in the performance of the level three Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (L3 BLAS) because L3 BLAS routines show higher performance with a larger size of data. Agullo et al. presented a pruned search routine for determining the size of the tile and the width of the inner blocks for tile matrix decomposition routines. To further reduce the parameter search time, we reduce the candidates by considering the number of tasks, which varies with the tile size.
Argumenthood and English Prepositional Phrase Attachment

Abstract Two self-paced reading experiments are presented to assess how temporary ambiguities in prepositional phrase attachment are resolved in English verb–noun-phrase–prepositional-phrase sequences. The hypothesis tested is a preference to maximize argument relations, in contrast to an overall verb phrase attachment preference (cf. Minimal Attachment). Five syntactic argumenthood diagnostics were used to construct noun phrase argument and verb phrase modifier completions of sentences, differing by one word and controlled for frequency. It was found that (1) noun phrase argument completions were read significantly faster in the disambiguating region and (2) unambiguous verb phrase modifiers were read as quickly as noun phrase arguments and faster than ambiguous verb phrase modifiers. These results suggest that argument relations are maximized in initial comprehension of the target ambiguity. Alternative potential explanations for the findings are evaluated, including a recency-based account and a lexical-frequency treatment.
Negative capacitance effect in semiconductor devices

Nontrivial capacitance behavior, including a negative capacitance (NC) effect, observed in a variety of semiconductor devices, is discussed emphasizing the physical mechanism and the theoretical interpretation of experimental data. The correct interpretation of NC can be based on the analysis of the time-domain transient current in response to a small voltage step or impulse, involving a self-consistent treatment of all relevant physical effects (carrier transport, injection, recharging, etc.). NC appears in the case of the nonmonotonic or positive-valued behavior of the time-derivative of the transient current in response to a small voltage step. The time-domain transient current approach is illustrated by simulation results and experimental studies of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs). The NC effect in QWIPs has been predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The huge NC phenomenon in QWIP's is due to the nonequilibrium transient injection from the emitter caused by the properties of the injection barrier and the inertia of the QW recharging.
SOI CMOS as a mainstream low-power technology: a critical assessment

This paper provides an overview of SOI MOSFET theory and practice with emphasis on circuit applications issues. Fully and partially depleted channel devices are considered and particular attention is given to describing the so-called floating-body effects that are unique to SOI. Two advanced SOI MOSFET configurations, dual-gate SOI and active body SOI, specifically developed for low voltage circuit applications are also discussed.
An introduction to PLGEM

This document serves as a brief tutorial to the Power Law Global Error Model (PLGEM) analysis method [1]. PLGEM has so far been shown to faithfully model the variance-versus-mean dependence that exists in a wide variety of genome-wide data sets, including microarray [1] and proteomics data [2]. The use of PLGEM has furthermore been shown to improve the detection of differentially expressed genes or proteins in these datasets [1, 2].
Instructional Support and Academic Skills: Impacts of INSIGHTS in Classrooms With Shy Children

ABSTRACT Research Findings: This study investigated how mean classroom-level shyness scores moderated the impacts of INSIGHTS into Children’s Temperament on instructional support and students’ math and reading skills in kindergarten and 1st-grade classrooms. INSIGHTS is a temperament-based social-emotional learning intervention with teacher, parent, and classroom programs. A total of 22 low-income urban elementary schools, 90 teachers, and 435 children were included in the study. Schools were randomly assigned to INSIGHTS or an attention-control condition. Multilevel modeling demonstrated larger impacts of INSIGHTS on instructional support in 1st-grade classrooms with greater mean classroom-level shyness scores. A further set of multilevel analyses showed larger impacts of INSIGHTS on math skills for students in classrooms with greater mean classroom-level shyness scores. Practice or Policy: Results suggest the importance of considering temperament at the classroom level when deciding how to allocate limited resources to the implementation of temperament-based intervention and/or social-emotional learning programs. Moreover, providing professional development supports to teachers of shy students—who are at risk for poorer instruction and academic skills—should be considered by policymakers and practitioners.
Dynamically Discovering Functional Likely Program Invariants Based on Relational Database Theory

Dynamic likely program invariant detection technology is an available instrument for discovering contract from large program in non-formal description. It is of benefit to contract technology exerting more influence on program quality assurance. Since the research of invariant detection technology has just started that the rough detection usually use hypothesis verification approach which relies on the experience of the detector and his degree of understanding of the detected program so that there is serious lack of accuracy and efficiency. This paper tempts to divide the invariants into two kinds that one is called functional invariant and the other is non-functional type based on relational data theory before starting the invariant detection. The paper focuses on the approach of detecting functional likely invariant, which accomplish detecting existence of them by discovering functional dependence set of the program variable at first and then detecting the forms of the existent invariants after deducing the function dependence set. Experiments demonstrate that this approach not only solves the problems of blind detection to improve the efficiency but also reduces the possibility of missing important functional invariants compared with the traditional hypothesis verification approach such as Daikon.
Dynamics of the peroxisomal import cycle of PpPex20p

We characterize the peroxin PpPex20p from Pichia pastoris and show its requirement for translocation of PTS2 cargoes into peroxisomes. PpPex20p docks at the peroxisomal membrane and translocates into peroxisomes. Its peroxisomal localization requires the docking peroxin Pex14p but not the peroxins Pex2p, Pex10p, and Pex12p, whose absence causes peroxisomal accumulation of Pex20p. Similarities between Pex5p and Pex20p were noted in their protein interactions and dynamics during import, and both contain a conserved NH2-terminal domain. In the absence of the E2-like Pex4p or the AAA proteins Pex1p and Pex6p, Pex20p is degraded via polyubiquitylation of residue K19, and the K19R mutation causes accumulation of Pex20p in peroxisome remnants. Finally, either interference with K48-branched polyubiquitylation or removal of the conserved NH2-terminal domain causes accumulation of Pex20p in peroxisomes, mimicking a defect in its recycling to the cytosol. Our data are consistent with a model in which Pex20p enters peroxisomes and recycles back to the cytosol in an ubiquitin-dependent manner.
Transparent lithium-ion batteries

Transparent devices have recently attracted substantial attention. Various applications have been demonstrated, including displays, touch screens, and solar cells; however, transparent batteries, a key component in fully integrated transparent devices, have not yet been reported. As battery electrode materials are not transparent and have to be thick enough to store energy, the traditional approach of using thin films for transparent devices is not suitable. Here we demonstrate a grid-structured electrode to solve this dilemma, which is fabricated by a microfluidics-assisted method. The feature dimension in the electrode is below the resolution limit of human eyes, and, thus, the electrode appears transparent. Moreover, by aligning multiple electrodes together, the amount of energy stored increases readily without sacrificing the transparency. This results in a battery with energy density of 10 Wh/L at a transparency of 60%. The device is also flexible, further broadening their potential applications. The transparent device configuration also allows in situ Raman study of fundamental electrochemical reactions in batteries.
Epidemiology and control of trachoma: systematic review

Trachoma is the commonest infectious cause of blindness. Recurrent episodes of infection with serovars A–C of Chlamydia trachomatis cause conjunctival inflammation in children who go on to develop scarring and blindness as adults. It was estimated that in 2002 at least 1.3 million people were blind from trachoma, and currently 40 million people are thought to have active disease and 8.2 million to have trichiasis. The disease is largely found in poor, rural communities in developing countries, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. The WHO promotes trachoma control through a multifaceted approach involving surgery, mass antibiotic distribution, encouraging facial cleanliness and environmental improvements. This has been associated with significant reductions in the prevalence of active disease over the past 20 years, but there remain a large number of people with trichiasis who are at risk of blindness.
A Deep Insight into the Sialome of Rhodnius neglectus, a Vector of Chagas Disease

Background Triatomines are hematophagous insects that act as vectors of Chagas disease. Rhodnius neglectus is one of these kissing bugs found, contributing to the transmission of this American trypanosomiasis. The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains bioactive molecules responsible for counteracting host haemostatic, inflammatory, and immune responses. Methods/Principal Findings Next generation sequencing and mass spectrometry-based protein identification were performed to investigate the content of triatomine R. neglectus saliva. We deposited 4,230 coding DNA sequences (CDS) in GenBank. A set of 636 CDS of proteins of putative secretory nature was extracted from the assembled reads, 73 of them confirmed by proteomic analysis. The sialome of R. neglectus was characterized and serine protease transcripts detected. The presence of ubiquitous protein families was revealed, including lipocalins, serine protease inhibitors, and antigen-5. Metalloproteases, disintegrins, and odorant binding protein families were less abundant. Conclusions/Significance The data presented improve our understanding of hematophagous arthropod sialomes, and aid in understanding hematophagy and the complex interplay among vectors and their vertebrate hosts.
Improving the translational hit of experimental treatments in multiple sclerosis

Background: In other neurological diseases, the failure to translate pre-clinical findings to effective clinical treatments has been partially attributed to bias introduced by shortcomings in the design of animal experiments. Objectives: Here we evaluate published studies of interventions in animal models of multiple sclerosis for methodological design and quality and to identify candidate interventions with the best evidence of efficacy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature describing experiments testing the effectiveness of interventions in animal models of multiple sclerosis was carried out. Data were extracted for reported study quality and design and for neurobehavioural outcome. Weighted mean difference meta-analysis was used to provide summary estimates of the efficacy for drugs where this was reported in five or more publications. Results: The use of a drug in a pre-clinical multiple sclerosis model was reported in 1152 publications, of which 1117 were experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). For 36 interventions analysed in greater detail, neurobehavioural score was improved by 39.6% (95% CI 34.9—44.2%, p < 0.001). However, few studies reported measures to reduce bias, and those reporting randomization or blinding found significantly smaller effect sizes. Conclusions: EAE has proven to be a valuable model in elucidating pathogenesis as well as identifying candidate therapies for multiple sclerosis. However, there is an inconsistent application of measures to limit bias that could be addressed by adopting methodological best practice in study design. Our analysis provides an estimate of sample size required for different levels of power in future studies and suggests a number of interventions for which there are substantial animal data supporting efficacy.
Study of High Efficiency and High Starting Torque Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Used in Pump Jacks

Now the motors used in pump jacks are usually three-phase induction motors. To meet the requirement for high starting torque, large capacity motors are used. However, since the normal output is only 20-30% of rated power, the efficiency and power factor are low. To overcome this problem, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) of high efficiency and high starting torque is developed in this paper to replace induction motor used in pump jacks. Measures to improve the efficiency, starting torque and to broaden economic operation range for PMSMs are studied, and the corresponding design guideline is proposed. The effects of ambient temperature on performances of PMSM are studied to ensure the performance of PMSM. Being based on the above, PMSM series products used in pump jack are developed. Experimental results show that the PMSMs developed in this paper can replace induction motors that are two power grades higher than it.
Factors Affecting Quality and Quantity of Egg Production in Laying Hens : A Review

: Egg shell quality and egg internal quality are of major importance to the egg industry worldwide. This review covers the formation of the hen’s egg and ways of measuring egg shell quality and egg internal quality. Egg shell quality may be measured as egg size, egg specific gravity and shell color, shell breaking strength, shell deformation (destructive or non-destructive), shell weight, percentage shell, shell thickness and shell ultra structure. New methods emerge from time to time. Egg internal quality is measured as yolk color, the integrity of the perivitelline membrane and albumen quality. Factors that affect egg shell quality and egg internal quality are reviewed. The complexity of the process of egg shell formation means that imperfections can arise in a number of places in the oviduct of the hen. Egg shell quality may be affected by the strain and age of hen; induced moult; nutritional factors such as calcium, phosphorus, vitamins, water quality, non-starch polysaccharides, enzymes, contamination of feed; general stress and heat stress; disease, production system, or addition of proprietary products to the diets. Egg internal quality may be affected by storage; hen strain and age; induced moult, nutrition and disease. An understanding of the range of factors that affect egg shell quality and egg internal quality is essential for the production of eggs of high quality.
An algorithm for the explicit evaluation of GL(n;R) Kloosterman sums

An algorithm for the explicit evaluation of Kloosterman sums for GL(<i>n</i>;R) for <i>n</i> ≥ 2 and an implementation in the Mathematica package GL(<i>n</i>)pack are described. Plücker relations in dimensions 3, 4 and 5 are given.
Fast-Roll Inflation

We show that in the simplest theories of spontaneous symmetry breaking one can have a stage of a fast-roll inflation. In this regime the standard slow-roll condition |m^2| << H^2 is violated. Nevertheless, this stage can be rather long if |m| is sufficiently small. Fast-roll inflation can be useful for generating proper initial conditions for the subsequent stage of slow-roll inflation in the very early universe. It may also be responsible for the present stage of accelerated expansion of the universe. We also make two observations of a more general nature. First of all, the universe after a long stage of inflation (either slow-roll or fast-roll) cannot reach anti-de Sitter regime even if the cosmological constant is negative. Secondly, the theories with the potentials with a 'stable' minimum at V(\phi)<0 in the cosmological background exhibit the same instability as the theories with potentials unbounded from below. This instability leads to the development of singularity with the properties practically independent of V(\phi). However, the development of the instability in some cases may be so slow that the theories with the potentials unbounded from below can describe the present stage of cosmic acceleration even if this acceleration occurs due to the fast-roll inflation.
From metallic cages to transient bioresorbable scaffolds: change in paradigm of coronary revascularization in the upcoming decade?

Drug-eluting bioresorbable scaffolds (BRSs) may in the near future change drastically the landscape of percutaneous coronary revascularization.1 In 1977, when Andreas Gruentzig introduced the concept of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, the most feared enemy of the operators was acute occlusion of the dilated lesion due to a combination of elastic recoil and intimal and medial dissection, sometimes aggravated by intraparietal haematoma ( Figure 1 ). 2 Surgical standby was a sine qua non condition for the safe performance of the percutaneous treatment. At short term, proliferative neointima and constrictive remodelling could dissipate the transient benefit of the therapeutic dilatation of the stenosis. However, in the case of favourable healing following the barotrauma, late lumen enlargement, plaque regression, and vessel remodelling could occur and be modulated by change in life style, preventive medicine, and pharmacological anti-atherosclerotic agents.3 Figure 1 This schematic illustration depicts the evolution of percutaneous coronary revascularization from balloon angioplasty (BA), bare-metal stents (BMS), and drug-eluting metallic stents (DES) to vascular reparative therapy (VRT). ‘+’ implies prevented or not restricted, while ‘−’ implies not prevented, or restricted. NA, not applicable because of the absence of stent; ST, stent thrombosis. In 1986, the introduction of metallic scaffolds was initially perceived as an ad hoc solution to the problem of acute vessel occlusion ( Figure 1 ). 4–6 But the implantation of the metallic endoluminal prosthesis in a thrombogenic milieu was considered as a double-edged sword. (‘The bailout stent. Is a friend in need always a friend indeed? ’7) Nevertheless, scaffolding dissected post-balloon dilatation with a metallic mesh …
Historical Overview of the Effect of β-Adrenergic Agonists on Beef Cattle Production

Postnatal muscle hypertrophy of beef cattle is the result of enhanced myofibrillar protein synthesis and reduced protein turnover. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been studied in cattle fed β-adrenergic agonists (β-AA), which are receptor-mediated enhancers of protein synthesis and inhibitors of protein degradation. Feeding β-AA to beef cattle increases longissimus muscle cross-sectional area 6% to 40% compared to non-treated cattle. The β-AA have been reported to improve live animal performance, including average daily gain, feed efficiency, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Treatment with β-AA increased mRNA concentration of the β2 or β1-adrenergic receptor and myosin heavy chain IIX in bovine skeletal muscle tissue. This review will examine the effects of skeletal muscle and adipose development with β-AA, and will interpret how the use of β-AA affects performance, body composition, and growth in beef cattle.
User-adaptive Information Access Supported by Situational Predictors: Applying user's sense making behavior to adaptivity

Information about the user which supports the adaptation of information (adaptive user model used in adaptive systems) is the key element that enables an effective adaptation decision and result. However, current approaches have been based solely on human dimensions that exclude factors and events which drive and influence the individual information seeking and use behaviors. The current information needs predictors used to adapt information to a user is not sufficient to explain differences on information needs, seeking and use. Consequently, the adaptation of information is impacted, since the results may not reflect what a user needs in a situation, in his/her information space and context. The purpose of this research is to include the characteristics of user’s problematic or knowledge gap situations in the information that supports adaptation. In order to do this, the characteristics of individual’s sense making processes will be applied as predictors of information needs and behaviors and as the drivers of information adaptation in adaptive systems, such as scientific digital libraries. This proposal changes the focus of the adaptation from being based on user’s characteristics to be based on the characteristics of information need, seeking and use situation. This research applies a constructivist approach to adaptive user model and the expected results are a situational adaptive methodology and user model that support an adaptation as close as possible to the complex nature of human information needs and behavior, helping individuals in his/her information acquisition.