Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activized Learning with Uniform Classification Noise : Supplementary Material

This document provides specifications of the estimators use d in Subroutine 1, along with a formal proof of Lemma 1. 1. Specification of Estimators Following (Hanneke, 2009; 2012), we specify the estimators P̂ used in the algorithm as follows. For convenience, we suppose we have access to two independent sequences W1 = {w1, w2, . } andW2 = {w′ 1, w 2, . } of independent Ddistributed random variables, with (W1,W2) independent of Z. Such sequences could easily be taken from the unlabeled data sequence in a preprocessing step, in which case we inter pret the{Xi}i=1 sequence referenced in the algorithms as those points remaining in the pool after extracting the sequ encesW1 andW2. Fix anyH ⊆ C andm ∈ N. For anyk ∈ N, define S(H) = {S ∈ X k−1 : H shattersS}. For any(x, y) ∈ X × {−1,+1}, defineΓ̂ m (x, y,W2,H) = 1⋂ h∈H{h(x)} (y) and∆̂ m (x,W2,H) = 1S1(H)(x). For any k ∈ {2, . , d+ 1}, ∀i ∈ N, let S (k) i = {w 1+(i−1)(k−1), . , w i(k−1)}; then let M (k) m (H) = max 
Knowledge acquisition and integration on specification change-a method for systematic reuse

Our research goal is to construct an environment that mechanically supports human intellectual activities through software development with reuse. We propose a model of software development with systematic reuse in which the existing program can be altered to meet the given specification change using the program derivation process from the specification. We consider what kinds of knowledge must be acquired when a specification is changed and how they have to be integrated so well as to implement our method on a computer system. In particular, we focus on the following points in terms of program synthesis. First, a wide spectrum language, Extended IML, defines a framework in which specifications, program and the elaborate derivation process can be expressed formally on a computer system. This forms a basic unit of reusable knowledge for specification change. Second, a reuse process is formulated in which a new requirement changes the efficient specification and its program is altered to meet this requirement correctly. Third, we consider some conditions and a mechanism by which the knowledge can be integrated so as to obtain an objective program automatically, implying that we will yet profit from reusing the knowledge.
What Is the Future of the Integration of ICT in Teaching Mathematics

In recent years the need for introducing information and communication technology into the teaching process has posed one of the unavoidable changes in the educational system. Present generation of students are so proficient in usage of the information and communication technologies in their daily lives, that this change in the educational system can not be viewed as an investment in a better future, but as a necessity in order to keep pace with technology and students. Considering the integration of ICT in teaching mathematics, it is clear that the replacement of board and chalk with digital presentation material does not cover all the aspects that technology and mathematics can improve when working hand in hand. One of the important prerequisites for quality integration of ICT in teaching mathematics is the teacher’s personality, i.e. his knowledge, willingness and desire to improve his lessons bringing mathematics closer to the present generations of pupils. The aim of this paper was to investigate the readiness of the future mathematics teachers at the elementary and high school levels to integrate ICT into their teaching of mathematics. Factors influencing described readiness that are considered in this paper are teacher’s university education and initiative with regard to personal digital competence and infrastructure. We conducted the survey research on the samples of individuals from the population of students enrolled in final years of a five-year Master of Arts in Teaching Primary Education programme at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Osijek, Croatia (n = 196), and Master of Arts in Teaching Mathematics and Computer Science programme at the Department of Mathematics in Osijek, Croatia (n = 36). The obtained results indicate that identified aspects have impact on considered readiness and that teacher’s university education causes the differences in the attitudes towards his digital competencies necessary for quality integration of ICT in mathematics lessons.
7α-Hydroxy-β-Sitosterol from Chisocheton tomentosus Induces Apoptosis via Dysregulation of Cellular Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio and Cell Cycle Arrest by Downregulating ERK1/2 Activation

In continuation of our interest towards the elucidation of apoptotic pathways of cytotoxic phytocompounds, we have embarked upon a study on the anticancer effects of 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol (CT1), a rare natural phytosterol oxide isolated from Chisocheton tomentosus. CT1 was found to be cytotoxic on three different human tumor cell lines with minimal effects on normal cell controls, where cell viability levels were maintained ≥80% upon treatment. Our results showed that cell death in MCF-7 breast tumor cells was achieved through the induction of apoptosis via downregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. CT1 was also found to increase proapoptotic Bax protein levels, while decreasing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels, suggesting the involvement of the intrinsic pathway. Reduced levels of initiator procaspase-9 and executioner procaspase-3 were also observed following CT1 exposure, confirming the involvement of cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. These results demonstrated the cytotoxic and apoptotic ability of 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol and suggest its potential anti-cancer use particularly on breast adenocarcinoma cells.
HARMONIC ELIMINATION OF CASCADED MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR MEDIUM-VOLTAGE APPLICATION

In this paper, a low-frequency squarewave inverter with a series-connected pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter is investigated for highpower applications. The series compensators produce only the desired harmonic voltages to make the net output voltage sinusoidal with small PWM switching harmonics only. An open-loop control strategy for the series compensator is proposed in this paper. This strategy indirectly sets the compensator dc bus voltage to the desired level. No external dc source or active power at fundamental frequency is required to control this dc bus voltage. Different variations of this basic strategy are presented in this paper for mediumvoltage applications. Theoretical analysis of this strategy is presented in this paper with simulation and experimental results.
Steganalysis of QIM Steganography in Low-Bit-Rate Speech Signals

Steganalysis of the quantization index modulation (QIM) steganography in a low-bit-rate encoded speech stream is conducted in this research. According to the speech generation theory and the phoneme distribution properties in language, we first point out that the correlation characteristics of split vector quantization (VQ) codewords of linear predictive coding filter coefficients are changed after the QIM steganography. Based on this observation, we construct a model called the Quantization codeword correlation network (QCCN) based on split VQ codeword from adjacent speech frames. Furthermore, the QCCN model is pruned to yield a stronger correlation network. After quantifying the correlation characteristics of vertices in the pruned correlation network, we obtain feature vectors that are sensitive to steganalysis. Finally, we build a high-performance detector using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed QCCN steganalysis method can effectively detect the QIM steganography in encoded speech stream when it is applied to low-bit-rate speech codec such as G.723. 1 and G.729.
Gas-Phase Thermal Tautomerization of Imidazole-Acetic Acid: Theoretical and Computational Investigations

The gas-phase thermal tautomerization reaction between imidazole-4-acetic (I) and imidazole-5-acetic (II) acids was monitored using the traditional hybrid functional (B3LYP) and the long-range corrected functionals (CAM-B3LYP and ωB97XD) with 6-311++G** and aug-cc-pvdz basis sets. The roles of the long-range and dispersion corrections on their geometrical parameters, thermodynamic functions, kinetics, dipole moments, Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital–Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO–LUMO) energy gaps and total hyperpolarizability were investigated. All tested levels of theory predicted the preference of I over II by 0.750–0.877 kcal/mol. The origin of predilection of I is assigned to the H-bonding interaction (nN8→σ*O14–H15). This interaction stabilized I by 15.07 kcal/mol. The gas-phase interconversion between the two tautomers assumed a 1,2-proton shift mechanism, with two transition states (TS), TS1 and TS2, having energy barriers of 47.67–49.92 and 49.55–52.69 kcal/mol, respectively, and an sp3-type intermediate. A water-assisted 1,3-proton shift route brought the barrier height down to less than 20 kcal/mol in gas-phase and less than 12 kcal/mol in solution. The relatively high values of total hyperpolarizability of I compared to II were interpreted and discussed.
LLCG: A High Performance Implement for Multi-tenant Data Placement

How to optimally place the tenant replication data to retain the load-balance and reduce cost of communication and distributed transaction, it is an important issue to achieve the high performance and availability of multi-tenant data, there are plenty of issues need to be solved. This paper proposes the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. It uses a rank-based fitness assignment method for MOGAs to placement and adjustment the multi-tenant data called LLCG. Then we validate the effectiveness and performance of our algorithm compared with LRCG and LLC in simulation experiment.
Does Term Expansion Matter for the Retrieval of Biodiversity Data?

While term expansion techniques are well investigated for many domains, semantic enrichment of keyword queries for the retrieval of scientific datasets is still paid little attention to. In particular, a systematic analysis of which kind of semantically related concepts lead to the most relevant results is missing. Based on query expansion techniques, we semantically enriched search queries provided by biodiversity researchers to answer specific research questions. We applied them to a system indexing over 92,856 biological metadata files harvested from GFBio the German Federation for Biological Data. We compared the outcome with the original keyword-based query. The result reveals that enriched keywords deliver a larger number of relevant datasets and that datasets retrieved based on keywords and their synonyms were judged more relevant. Query expansion with other related concepts returned a mixed picture.
Associations between Pathogens in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Young Children: Interplay between Viruses and Bacteria

Background High rates of potentially pathogenic bacteria and respiratory viruses can be detected in the upper respiratory tract of healthy children. Investigating presence of and associations between these pathogens in healthy individuals is still a rather unexplored field of research, but may have implications for interpreting findings during disease. Methodology/Principal Findings We selected 986 nasopharyngeal samples from 433 6- to 24-month-old healthy children that had participated in a randomized controlled trial. We determined the presence of 20 common respiratory viruses using real-time PCR. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus were identified by conventional culture methods. Information on risk factors was obtained by questionnaires. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses followed by partial correlation analysis to identify the overall pattern of associations. S. pneumoniae colonization was positively associated with the presence of H. influenzae (adjusted odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.18–2.16), M. catarrhalis (1.78, 1.29–2.47), human rhinoviruses (1.63, 1.19–2.22) and enteroviruses (1.97, 1.26–3.10), and negatively associated with S. aureus presence (0.59, 0.35–0.98). H. influenzae was positively associated with human rhinoviruses (1.63, 1.22–2.18) and respiratory syncytial viruses (2.78, 1.06–7.28). M. catarrhalis colonization was positively associated with coronaviruses (1.99, 1.01–3.93) and adenoviruses (3.69, 1.29–10.56), and negatively with S. aureus carriage (0.42, 0.25–0.69). We observed a strong positive association between S. aureus and influenza viruses (4.87, 1.59–14.89). In addition, human rhinoviruses and enteroviruses were positively correlated (2.40, 1.66–3.47), as were enteroviruses and human bocavirus, WU polyomavirus, parainfluenza viruses, and human parechovirus. A negative association was observed between human rhinoviruses and coronaviruses. Conclusions/Significance Our data revealed high viral and bacterial prevalence rates and distinct bacterial-bacterial, viral-bacterial and viral-viral associations in healthy children, hinting towards the complexity and potential dynamics of microbial communities in the upper respiratory tract. This warrants careful consideration when associating microbial presence with specific respiratory diseases.
Problems in additive number theory, I

Talk at the Atelier en combinatoire additive (Workshop on Arithmetic Combinatorics) at the Centre de recherches mathématiques at the Université de Montréal on April 8, 2006. Definition 1. A problem is a problem I cannot solve, not necessarily an unsolved problem. 1. Sums and differences For any set A of integers, we define the sumset A + A = {a + a : a, a ∈ A} and the difference set A − A = {a− a : a, a ∈ A}. In this section we consider finite sets of integers, and the relative sizes of their sumsets and difference sets. If A is a finite set of integers and x, y ∈ Z, then the translation of A by x is the set x + A = {x + a : a ∈ A} and the dilation of A by y is y ∗ A = {ya : a ∈ A}. We have (x + A) + (x + A) = 2x + 2A and (x + A) − (x + A) = A − A. Similarly, y ∗ A + y ∗ A = y ∗ (A + A) and y ∗ A − y ∗ A = y ∗ (A − A). It follows that |(x + y ∗ A) + (x + y ∗ A)| = |2A| and |(x + y ∗ A) − (x + y ∗ A)| = |A − A| so the cardinalities of the sum and difference sets of a finite set of integers are invariant under affine transformations of the set. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 11B05, 11B13, 11B34.
Personalized Learning Resources Recommendation Model Based on Transfer Learning

This paper based on the traditional learning resources of collaborative-filtering personalized recommendation systems exist sparse and cold start is put forward based on the personal learning resources study migration recommend model, study method can move from existing data transfer knowledge, to help the new knowledge in the future study. E-Learning environment, use of knowledge transfer for learners to provide the study resources recommended. And in a certain degree of collaborative-filtering solve sparse solution and cold start-up problem.
A Simple Strain Typing Assay for Trypanosoma cruzi: Discrimination of Major Evolutionary Lineages from a Single Amplification Product

Background Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' Disease. The parasite has a complex population structure, with six major evolutionary lineages, some of which have apparently resulted from ancestral hybridization events. Because there are important biological differences between these lineages, strain typing methods are essential to study the T. cruzi species. Currently, there are a number of typing methods available for T. cruzi, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. However, most of these methods are based on the amplification of a variable number of loci. Methodology/Principal Findings We present a simple typing assay for T. cruzi, based on the amplification of a single polymorphic locus: the TcSC5D gene. When analyzing sequences from this gene (a putative lathosterol/episterol oxidase) we observed a number of interesting polymorphic sites, including 1 tetra-allelic, and a number of informative tri- and bi-allelic SNPs. Furthermore, some of these SNPs were located within the recognition sequences of two commercially available restriction enzymes. A double digestion with these enzymes generates a unique restriction pattern that allows a simple classification of strains in six major groups, corresponding to DTUs TcI–TcIV, the recently proposed Tcbat lineage, and TcV/TcVI (as a group). Direct sequencing of the amplicon allows the classification of strains into seven groups, including the six currently recognized evolutionary lineages, by analyzing only a few discriminant polymorphic sites. Conclusions/Significance Based on these findings we propose a simple typing assay for T. cruzi that requires a single PCR amplification followed either by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, or direct sequencing. In the panel of strains tested, the sequencing-based method displays equivalent inter-lineage resolution to recent multi- locus sequence typing assays. Due to their simplicity and low cost, the proposed assays represent a good alternative to rapidly screen strain collections, providing the cornerstone for the development of robust typing strategies.
Hippocampal theta field activity and theta-on/theta-off cell discharges are controlled by an ascending hypothalamo-septal pathway

The nature of the control of hippocampal formation field activity [theta (theta) and large-amplitude irregular activity (LIA)] and theta- on/theta-off cell discharges by an ascending hypothalamo-septal pathway was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of the dorsomedial-posterior hypothalamus in the range of 0.1–1.0 mA in 0.1-mA steps produced theta in the hippocampal formation, with a linear positive relation between stimulus intensity, theta frequency, and theta amplitude. Reversible blockade of the medial septal (MS)/vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (vDBB) region by microinjection of procaine hydrochloride abolished spontaneous and hypothalamically elicited theta, resulting in a field activity at 1-min post-procaine that had a lower power than pre-procaine LIA levels. The efficacy and recovery of the MS/vDBB suppression was tested at 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min post-procaine using 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 mA of hypothalamic stimulation. All three of the dependent measures of hippocampal field activity (frequency, amplitude, and power) showed a progressive recovery during the 60-min post-procaine period. Frequency exhibited a rapid recovery with a shallow slope between 20 and 60 min post- procaine. In contrast, the amplitude and power of theta exhibited a gradual recovery with a steeper slope between 20 and 60 min post- procaine. During the time of maximal MS/vDBB suppression, theta-on cell discharges were reduced to 0 in most cases. The initial recovery of theta-on cells in the post-procaine condition was correlated with the first appearance of theta and was characterized by low discharge rates.
Supplier selection for strategic development Strategic supplier selection for lean supplier development with the analytic hierarchy process

This article describes the application of the analytic hierarchy process to the supplier selection decision for strategic development of lean suppliers at a large German industrial company. Relevant criteria were elaborated from a literature survey and from explorative interviews. The criteria include supplier improvement potential through buyer involvement, strategic factors of the supplier development program as well as project success factors in supplier development. Consequently a decision model based on the analytic hierarchy process was developed and applied to the supplier selection. In the article all steps of the model development are described in detail and it’s application is illustrated.
Degree of sub-harmonic components in infant cries and in Down Syndrome children and children with dysphonia

According to different studies of the infant cry, the sub-harmonic components or double series of fundamental frequency as a rule does or does not occur in the crying of healthy neonates. An acoustic analysis was made of three samples of cry signal and six phonation of vowel /a/ by preschool children with dysphionia and school children with Down syndrome.
Progenitor-Derivative Relationships of Hordeum Polyploids (Poaceae, Triticeae) Inferred from Sequences of TOPO6, a Nuclear Low-Copy Gene Region

Polyploidization is a major mechanism of speciation in plants. Within the barley genus Hordeum, approximately half of the taxa are polyploids. While for diploid species a good hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships exists, there is little information available for the polyploids (4×, 6×) of Hordeum. Relationships among all 33 diploid and polyploid Hordeum species were analyzed with the low-copy nuclear marker region TOPO6 for 341 Hordeum individuals and eight outgroup species. PCR products were either directly sequenced or cloned and on average 12 clones per individual were included in phylogenetic analyses. In most diploid Hordeum species TOPO6 is probably a single-copy locus. Most sequences found in polyploid individuals phylogenetically cluster together with sequences derived from diploid species and thus allow the identification of parental taxa of polyploids. Four groups of sequences occurring only in polyploid taxa are interpreted as footprints of extinct diploid taxa, which contributed to allopolyploid evolution. Our analysis identifies three key species involved in the evolution of the American polyploids of the genus. (i) All but one of the American tetraploids have a TOPO6 copy originating from the Central Asian diploid H. roshevitzii, the second copy clustering with different American diploid species. (ii) All hexaploid species from the New World have a copy of an extinct close relative of H. californicum and (iii) possess the TOPO6 sequence pattern of tetraploid H. jubatum, each with an additional copy derived from different American diploids. Tetraploid H. bulbosum is an autopolyploid, while the assumed autopolyploid H. brevisubulatum (4×, 6×) was identified as allopolyploid throughout most of its distribution area. The use of a proof-reading DNA polymerase in PCR reduced the proportion of chimerical sequences in polyploids in comparison to Taq polymerase.
Immortality of cell lines: challenges and advantages of establishment

Cellular immortality happens upon impairment of cell‐cycle checkpoint pathways (p53/p16/pRb), reactivation or up‐regulation of telomerase enzyme, or upregulation of some oncogenes or oncoproteins leading to a higher rate of cell division.There are also some other factors and mechanisms involved in immortalisation, which need to be discovered. Immortalisation of cells derived from different sources and establishment of immortal cell lines has proven useful in understanding the molecular pathways governing cell developmental cascades in eukaryotic, especially human, cells. After the breakthrough of achieving the immortal cells and understanding their critical importance in the field of molecular biology, intense efforts have been dedicated to establish cell lines useful for elucidating the functions of telomerase, developmental lineage of progenitors, self‐renewal potency, cellular transformation, differentiation patterns and some bioprocesses, like odontogenesis. Meanwhile, discovering the exact mechanisms of immortality, a major challenge for science yet, is believed to open new gateways toward understanding and treatment of cancer in the long term. This review summarises the methods involved in establishing immortality, its advantages and the challenges still being faced in this field.