Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enriched Basaltic Andesites from Mid-crustal Fractional Crystallization, Recharge, and Assimilation (Pilavo Volcano, Western Cordillera of Ecuador)

The origin of andesite is an important issue in petrology because andesite is the main eruptive product at convergent margins, corresponds to the average crustal composition and is often associated with major Cu^Au mineralization. In this study we present petro- graphic, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic data for basaltic andesites of the latest Pleistocene Pilavo volcano, one of the most frontal volcanoes of the Ecuadorian Quaternary arc, situated upon thick (30^50km) mafic crust composed of accreted Cretaceous oceanic plateau rocks and overlying mafic to intermediate Late Cretaceous^Late Tertiary magmatic arcs. The Pilavo rocks are bas- altic andesites (54^57·5 wt % SiO2) with a tholeiitic affinity as opposed to the typical calc-alkaline high-silica andesites and dacites (SiO2 59^66wt %) of other frontal arc volcanoes of Ecuador (e.g. Pichincha, Pululahua). They have much higher incompatible element contents (e.g. Sr 650^1350 ppm, Ba 650^1800 ppm, Zr 100^225 ppm, Th 5^25 ppm, La 15^65 ppm) and Th/La ratios (0·28^0·36) than Pichincha and Pululahua, and more primitive Sr (87Sr/86Sr 􏰃0·7038^0·7039) and Nd (eNd 􏰃 þ5·5 to þ6·1) isotopic signatures. Pilavo andesites have geochemical affinities with modern and recent high-MgO andesites (e.g. low-silica ada- kites, Setouchi sanukites) and, especially, with Archean sanukitoids, for both of which incompatible element enrichments are believed to result from interactions of slab melts with peridotitic mantle. Petrographic, mineral chemistry, bulk-rock geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the Pilavo magmatic rocks have evolved through three main stages: (1) generation of a basaltic magma in the mantle wedge region by flux melting induced by slab-derived fluids (aque- ous, supercritical or melts); (2) high-pressure differentiation of the basaltic melt (at the mantle^crust boundary or at lower crustal levels) through sustained fractionation of olivine and clinopyroxene, leading to hydrous, high-alumina basaltic andesite melts with a tholeiitic affinity, enriched in incompatible elements and strongly impoverished in Ni and Cr; (3) establishment of one or more mid-crustal magma storage reservoirs in which the magmas evolved through dominant amphibole and clinopyroxene (but no plagioclase) fractionation accompanied by assimilation of the modified plutonic roots of the arc and recharge by incoming batches of more primitive magma from depth. The latter process has resulted in strongly increasing incompatible element concentrations in the Pilavo basaltic andesites, coupled with slightly increasing crustal isotopic signatures and a shift towards a more calc-alkaline affinity. Our data show that, although ultimately originating from the slab, incompatible element abundances in arc andesites with primitive isotopic signa- tures can be significantly enhanced by intra-crustal processes within a thick juvenile mafic crust, thus providing an additional process for the generation of enriched andesites.
Genomes from historical Drosophila melanogaster specimens illuminate adaptive and demographic changes across more than 200 years of evolution

The ability to perform genomic sequencing on long-dead organisms is opening new frontiers in evolutionary research. These opportunities are especially notable in the case of museum collections, from which countless documented specimens may now be suitable for genomic analysis—if data of sufficient quality can be obtained. Here, we report 25 newly sequenced genomes from museum specimens of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including the oldest extant specimens of this species. By comparing historical samples ranging from the early 1800s to 1933 against modern-day genomes, we document evolution across thousands of generations, including time periods that encompass the species’ initial occupation of northern Europe and an era of rapidly increasing human activity. We also find that the Lund, Sweden population underwent local genetic differentiation during the early 1800s to 1933 interval (potentially due to drift in a small population) but then became more similar to other European populations thereafter (potentially due to increased migration). Within each century-scale time period, our temporal sampling allows us to document compelling candidates for recent natural selection. In some cases, we gain insights regarding previously implicated selection candidates, such as ChKov1, for which our inferred timing of selection favors the hypothesis of antiviral resistance over insecticide resistance. Other candidates are novel, such as the circadian-related gene Ahcy, which yields a selection signal that rivals that of the DDT resistance gene Cyp6g1. These insights deepen our understanding of recent evolution in a model system, and highlight the potential of future museomic studies.
4-(1-Cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-7-yl)piperazin-1-ium 2,4,5-tricarboxybenzene-1-carboxylate monohydrate

In the crystal of title compound, C16H19FN3O+·C10H5O8 −·H2O, the water molecule and the ions are connected by intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking [centroid–centroid separation = 3.602 (1) Å] between the benzene ring and the pyridine ring, generating a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.
Spatial and Temporal Leaf Area Index Dynamics in a North Central Florida, USA Preserve

Abstract This study develops a methodology to analyze the landscape at an ordinal scale using leaf area index (LAI) calculated from remotely sensed imagery in a north central Florida Preserve by examining LAI temporal and spatial changes from 1972 to 1997. LAI dynamics are of particular importance to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) / turkey oak (Quercus laevis) sandhill preservation as LAI values > 2.0 may indicate succession into southern mixed hardwood forests. Results show that LAI values increased greatly during this time. In particular, patches with LAI values between 2.0 and 2.99 increased by 563.85 ha, while patches with typical sandhill LAI values between 0.0 and 1.99 decreased by 902.68 ha indicating massive sandhill succession as LAI values between 2.0 and 2.99 indicate transitional vegetation. This trend was evident in core area statistics where areas with LAI values between 0.0 and 0.99 decreased 176.6 ha, areas with LAI values between 1.0 ‐ 1.99 decreased by 17.6 ha, and areas with LAI values between 2.0 and 2.99 increased by 74.3 ha. This method could be used by land managers and conservationists to indicate where sandhill succession may occur and to examine temporal and spatial biophysical characteristics of vegetation.
Modern Pollen Spectra and Vegetation in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Modem pollen spectra provide a picture of vegetation communities in the Wind River Range. The broad valleys of western Wyoming, which are covered by big sagebrush steppe, are dominated by Artemisia pollen (averaging 75%) with lesser amounts of Pinus, Tubuliflorae, Gramineae, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, and Ambrosia pollen. The majority of the pollen deposited in the Artemisia steppe comes from local plants. Although all the forests in the Wind River Range are dominated by Pinus contorta-type pollen, each forest type has a unique palynological signature. Populus tremuloides forest stands produce up to 5% Populus pollen. Pseudotsuga menziesii is not widespread in the southern part of the range, and its pollen is most abundant (1%) near where the trees grow. Pinus contortatype pollen (over 80%) dominates Pinus contorta forest stands. Picea and Abies trees in the mixed conifer forest are represented by low, but significant pollen percentages, 3 and 0.5%, respectively. The Pinus albicaulis parkland represents a transitional forest community between the mixed conifer forest and alpine tundra. Palynologically it is indistinct from alpine tundra. While over 50% of the pollen deposited in alpine tundra comes from lower elevations, tundra can be characterized by its relatively high frequency of herbaceous pollen (17%) and significant amounts of Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Tubuliflorae, Salix, and Bistorta pollen from local plants.
Effects of Urbanization on the Geomorphology, Habitat, Hydrology, and Fish Index of Biotic Integrity of Streams in the Chicago Area, Illinois and Wisconsin

Effects of urbanization on geomorphic, habitat, and hydrologic characteristics and fish biotic integrity of 45 streams in the Chicago area were examined by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2000 to 2001. An agricultural to urban land-cover gradient approach was used. Landscape charac- teristics such as texture of surficial deposits, slope, riparian land cover, and stream network position also were examined to determine if these factors influenced the effects of urbanization. Among geomorphic characteristics, channel enlargement occurred in urban streams with a high percent of watershed clayey surficial deposits. Other geomorphic and habitat characteristics such as stream power, fine substrate, and amount of riffles did not correlate with percent watershed urban land but instead correlated with reach slope. Bank erosion, habitat variability, and two habitat indexes did not correlate with watershed urban land. Below 30% watershed urban land, the unit area discharge for a 2-year flood increased with increasing urban land; however, above 30% urban land, unit area discharges for a 2-year flood were variable, most likely due to variations in stormwater management practices, point-source contributions, and the transport index. Streams with greater than 33% watershed urban land had low base flow, but the effects of urbanization on base flow were offset by point-source contributions. Fish index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores were low in streams with greater than 25% watershed urban land. Fish IBI scores also were low in streams with high percent- ages of watershed clayey surficial deposits and enlarged channels. The amount of riparian forest/ wetland buffer had no moderating effect on geomorphic/habitat/hydrologic characteristics and fish IBI scores. Variations in the texture and topography of glacial landforms affected reach slope and some habitat characteristics. Longitudinal profiles were useful for distinguishing differences in local geologic settings among sampled sites.
Salt reduction in England from 2003 to 2011: its relationship to blood pressure, stroke and ischaemic heart disease mortality

Objectives To determine the relationship between the reduction in salt intake that occurred in England, and blood pressure (BP), as well as mortality from stroke and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). Design Analysis of the data from the Health Survey for England. Setting and participants England, 2003 N=9183, 2006 N=8762, 2008 N=8974 and 2011 N=4753, aged ≥16 years. Outcomes BP, stroke and IHD mortality. Results From 2003 to 2011, there was a decrease in mortality from stroke by 42% (p<0.001) and IHD by 40% (p<0.001). In parallel, there was a fall in BP of 3.0±0.33/1.4±0.20 mm Hg (p<0.001/p<0.001), a decrease of 0.4±0.02 mmol/L (p<0.001) in cholesterol, a reduction in smoking prevalence from 19% to 14% (p<0.001), an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption (0.2±0.05 portion/day, p<0.001) and an increase in body mass index (BMI; 0.5±0.09 kg/m2, p<0.001). Salt intake, as measured by 24 h urinary sodium, decreased by 1.4 g/day (p<0.01). It is likely that all of these factors (with the exception of BMI), along with improvements in the treatments of BP, cholesterol and cardiovascular disease, contributed to the falls in stroke and IHD mortality. In individuals who were not on antihypertensive medication, there was a fall in BP of 2.7±0.34/1.1±0.23 mm Hg (p<0.001/p<0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnic group, education, household income, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake and BMI. Although salt intake was not measured in these participants, the fact that the average salt intake in a random sample of the population fell by 15% during the same period suggests that the falls in BP would be largely attributable to the reduction in salt intake rather than antihypertensive medications. Conclusions The reduction in salt intake is likely to be an important contributor to the falls in BP from 2003 to 2011 in England. As a result, it would have contributed substantially to the decreases in stroke and IHD mortality.
New approaches for extending the twentieth century climate record

Studying twentieth century climate is a key to understanding future climate change. Relatively little is still known, however, about climate variability in the first half of the century. Much could be learned from the relatively large climatic variations that occurred during that first half, including the decade-long “Dust Bowl” droughts of the 1930s and the warming of the Arctic from 1920 to 1945. Poor digital data availability prior to around 1948 has hindered previous work to understand these important climatic variations.
Do the North Atlantic winds drive the nonseasonal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level?

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have observed coherent and nearly uniform nonseasonal fluctuations of bottom pressure throughout the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas. Strong correlation between the nonseasonal GRACE and satellite altimetry data is found in the Nordic and Barents Seas, which suggests a possibility of using the longer altimetry records in these areas as a proxy for the nonseasonal sea level variability over the entire Arctic. This study identifies the dominant pattern of the nonseasonal atmospheric pressure variability that drives strong zonal wind anomalies over the northeastern North Atlantic associated with the nonseasonal sea level anomalies in the Nordic Seas. Our results show that wind‐driven northward Ekman transport anomalies in the northeastern North Atlantic may induce coherent changes of sea level across the entire Arctic Ocean.
Assessing the influence of R&D institutions by mapping international scientific networks: the case of INESC Porto

Although scientometric and bibliometric studies embrace a much wider perspective of the linkages/networks of R&D institutions than standard economic studies, to the best of our knowledge, these studies have not yet made use of scientometric tools to analyse the influence and impact of R&D institutions. Moreover, the international perspective has so far been neglected both in standard and bibliometric studies. Based on networks of 1239 foreign co-authorships and 13035 foreign citation linkages, we demonstrate that INESC Porto international influence has considerably expanded since 2003, a year that coincided with the implementation of an internal policy of granting monetary prizes to publications in scientific international journals. In terms of co-authorship, the network of INESC Porto more than duplicated (13 countries in the initial period to 27 in 2004-07). In terms of citations, INESC Porto’s network encompassed almost 40 countries during the whole period (1996-2007). Its more prolific units (optoelectronics, energy and multimedia) presented a rather distinct pattern both in terms of size and evolution of the corresponding network boundaries. The network size of foreign co-authorships was not much different between the three units by the beginning of the 2000s (around 10 countries) but it evolved quite distinctly. The most remarkable pattern was registered by the multimedia (UTM) unit, whose network size rose exponentially to 21 countries in 2004-07. This contrasted with the decline (down to 8 countries) of the energy (USE) unit. The citation network of the optoelectronic unit (UOSE) was by far the largest, until 2003, involving 34 distinct countries, which contrasted with the size of USE (12 countries) and UTM (1 country). But again, after 2003, the size of the citation network of USE and UTM converged spectacularly to that of UOSE’s, reaching in the last period 21 and 16, respectively. The influence of INESC Porto reaches all five continents, especially when we consider citation networks. Indeed, excluding the citations from authors affiliated in Portuguese institutions, those that most cite INESC Porto’s (and UOSE’s) works are affiliated in institutions located in China, the UK and the US. The scientific works produced by USE influences mostly authors affiliated in institutions located in India, China and Spain, whereas for UTM the corresponding countries are the US, Germany and Italy. We infer from the evidence analysed that not only did the boundaries of INESC Porto’s scientific network substantially enlarge in the period of analysis (1996-2007) but its ‘quality’ also evidenced a positive evolution, with authors affiliated in institutions located in the scientific frontier countries citing works of INESC Porto (and its units).
e-VLBI Activities in Japan

M. Sekido∗,a N. Kawaguchi,b Y. Koyama,c M. Kimura,a T. Kondo,cd H. Takiguchi,a T. Hobiger,c K. Takefuji,a H. Harai,c T. Ikeda,c S. Shimojo,c T. Oyama,b T. Hara,b Y. Kono,b S. Kurihara,e K. Kokado,e D. Tanimoto,e K. Nozawa,e H. Takeuchi, f H. Uose,g K. Fujisawa,h H. Takabai a Kashima Space Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 893-1 Hirai Kashima Ibaraki, 314-8501, Japan, E-mail: sekido@nict.go. jp b National Astronomical Observatory, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan ,kawagu.nori@nao.ac. jp c Next Generation Network Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1, Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan d Ajou University, Paldai Hall 901, Worcheon-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon 442-749, Korea e Geographical Survey Institute, 1Kitasato, Tsukuba 305-0811, Japan f Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency/Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan g Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Musashino Research and Development Center, 3-9-11 Midori-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8585, Japan h Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan i Gufu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) Scale in Identifying Strokes and Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs); a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: A range of screening tools has been developed to assist emergency healthcare providers in rapidly and accurately diagnosing strokes. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic value of the Recognition of Stroke in the Emergency Room (ROSIER) scale in identifying individuals with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: We conducted a systematic search across online databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until June 12th, 2023, aiming to identify studies that assessed the diagnostic performance of the ROSIER scale in detecting strokes and TIAs among individuals with suspected stroke symptoms. Results: Data extracted from 34 studies were analyzed, demonstrating that the ROSIER score, with a cut-off value of ≥ 1, has sensitivity of 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86–0.92), specificity of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.69–0.81), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 25.41 (95% CI: 17.2–37.54), and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90) in detection of strokes and TIAs. Meta-regression subgroup analysis revealed variations in sensitivity and specificity based on different settings and assessors. Sensitivity was higher in pre-hospital settings when the test was administered by emergency medical services (EMS) and emergency department (ED) paramedic staff, whereas specificity was higher in emergency department settings and when physicians and neurologists conducted the test. Conclusion: A moderate level of evidence shows that the ROSIER scale is considered an excellent tool for identifying strokes and TIAs. As a valid method for identifying strokes, it holds applicability across diverse settings and can be effectively used by assessors with different specialties.
A noval approach based on TCN-LSTM network for predicting waterlogging depth with waterlogging monitoring station

As a result of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban waterlogging commonly caused by rainstorm, is becoming more frequent and more severe in developing countries. Urban waterlogging sometimes results in significant financial losses as well as human casualties. Accurate waterlogging depth prediction is critical for early warning system and emergency response. However, the existing hydrological models need to obtain more abundant hydrological data, and the model construction is complicated. The waterlogging depth prediction technology based on object detection model are highly dependent on image data. To solve the above problem, we propose a novel approach based on Temporal Convolutional Networks and Long Short-Term Memory networks to predicting urban waterlogging depth with Waterlogging Monitoring Station. The difficulty of data acquisition is small though Waterlogging Monitoring Station and TCN-LSTM model can be used to predict timely waterlogging depth. Waterlogging Monitoring Station is developed which integrates an automatic rain gauge and a water gauge. The rainfall and waterlogging depth can be obtained by periodic sampling at some areas with Waterlogging Monitoring Station. Precise hydrological data such as waterlogging depth and rainfall collected by Waterlogging Monitoring Station are used as training samples. Then training samples are used to train TCN-LSTM model, and finally a model with good prediction effect is obtained. The experimental results show that the difficulty of data acquisition is small, the complexity is low and the proposed TCN-LSTM hybrid model can properly predict the waterlogging depth of the current regional. There is no need for high dependence on image data. Meanwhile, compared with machine learning model and RNN model, TCN-LSTM model has higher prediction accuracy for time series data. Overall, the low-cost method proposed in this study can be used to obtain timely waterlogging warning information, and enhance the possibility of using existing social networks and traffic surveillance video systems to perform opportunistic waterlogging sensing.
Early sea ice decline off East Antarctica at the last glacial–interglacial climate transition

Antarctic climate warming and atmospheric CO2 rise during the last deglaciation may be attributed in part to sea ice reduction in the Southern Ocean. Yet, glacial–interglacial Antarctic sea ice dynamics and underlying mechanisms are poorly constrained, as robust sea ice proxy evidence is sparse. Here, we present a molecular biomarker-based sea ice record that resolves the spring/summer sea ice variability off East Antarctica during the past 40 thousand years (ka). Our results indicate that substantial sea ice reduction culminated rapidly and contemporaneously with upwelling of carbon-enriched waters in the Southern Ocean at the onset of the last deglaciation but began at least ~2 ka earlier probably driven by an increasing local integrated summer insolation. Our findings suggest that sea ice reduction and associated feedbacks facilitated stratification breakup and outgassing of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and warming in Antarctica but may also have played a leading role in initializing these deglacial processes in the Southern Hemisphere.