Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inverse problems for scalar conservation laws

The weak solution to the initial value problem for scalar conservation laws may develop a discontinuity called a shock. In this paper, we consider an inverse problem to determine the flux function entering the scalar conservation law by observing the shock developed by a single initial datum. We prove that the flux function on an interval can be uniquely determined by the shock. We also prove that this interval can be taken arbitrarily large by choosing an appropriate sequence of initial data. We then show that the derivatives of the flux function, and those of initial data, can be reconstructed in an explicit way from the coefficients of asymptotics of the shock wave.
A high-accuracy realization of the Yee algorithm using non-standard finite differences

New nonstandard second-order finite differences (FD's) are introduced, which when substituted into the Yee algorithm, reduce the solution error by a factor of 10/sup -4/ on a coarse computational grid. Using /spl lambda//h (grid spacings per wavelength)=8, one achieves the same accuracy as the standard Yee algorithm does at /spl lambda//h=1140. In addition, greater algorithmic stability allows a reduction in the number of iterations needed to solve a problem.
An elementary theory of stochastic differential equations driven by a poisson process

An elementary theory of a stochastic integral with respect to the Poisson process is given and applied to stochastic differential equations driven by a Poisson process, as well as to concrete examples. The treatment does not use the extensive machinery of the general theory of processes, except for the existence of the dual predictable projection of an integrable increasing process
The Gravity of EBA preferences - Disaggregating Trade Flows in Agriculture

This thesis makes an ex post evaluation of the EBA initiative and its influence on agricultural exports into the EU. I employ a gravity model for this purpose, and with dummy variables identifying seven groups of (agricultural) products this is a fairly new method. The data consists of 102 low- and middle income countries, of which 33 are LDC, and 2001 - 2005 is the time period covered. This makes a panel of 3577 observations, and due to a large number of missing dependent variables a Heckman sample selection model is used to account for potential selection bias. The results paint a rather gloomy picture of overall EBA country exports. However, there are deviations across groups of products, especially so when looking at the trend during the period.
Conductance quantization above 30 K in GaAlAs shallow-etched quantum point contacts smoothly joined to the background 2DEG

The electrical characteristics of shallow etched GaAs/GaAlAs quantum point contacts (QPCs) of various shapes have been studied as a function of temperature above 0.3 K. Quantized conductance was observed up to 36 K, and from the temperature dependence of the conductance staircase we find energy separations between the lowest one-dimensional subbands up to 20 meV. This value exceeds the highest values so far reported for laterel QPC constrictions in GaAs/GaAlAs heterostructures. In addition, very well behaved quantized conductance plateaus were observed at the lowest temperatures.
The perception and utilization of community care services by older persons in the new urban areas of Beijing, China: A cross‐sectional study

In recent years, Beijing, similar to many other large cities in China, has experienced rapid urbanization in many new areas. These have often been locations of population aging but have not had concomitant development of required community care services for older persons. This study aims to understand the perception and utilization of newly developed community care services by the older persons living in this region for providing knowledge to improve the services.
Simulation technique for wave generation

In this paper, we present a new finite element technique for simulation of water waves impacting on floating structures. The emphasis will be on the numerical methods for water wave generation and propagation. In our approach, the governing equations are the Navier–Stokes equations written for two incompressible fluids. An interface function with two distinct values serves as a marker identifying the location of the free-surface. This function is transported throughout the computational domain with a time-dependent advection equation. The stabilized finite element formulations are written and integrated in an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian domain. This allows us to handle the motion of the physical boundaries, such as the wave generator surface by moving the computational nodes. In the mesh-moving scheme, we assume that the computational domain is made of elastic materials. The linear elasticity equations are solved to obtain the displacements for each computational node. The numerical examples include 3D wave generation and wave breaking as they approach the coast, and the waves impacting on near-shore support columns. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspects of Gauge/Gravity Dualities

This dissertation is composed of several studies of gauge/gravity dualities aimed at providing evidence for the dualities we investigate, and exploring possible applications. First we discuss the universal scaling function f(g), which appears in the dimensions of high-spin operators of the N = 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. We study numerically an integral equation that implements a resummation of the complete planar perturbative expansion, and find a smooth function which for large coupling constant g matches with high accuracy the asymptotic form predicted by string theory. Furthermore, we give an exact analytic solution of the strong coupling limit of the integral equation. Next, we study the N = 1 supersymmetric warped deformed conifold, which has two bosonic massless modes, a scalar and a pseudoscalar, that are dual to the modulus and phase of the baryonic condensates in the cascading SU(k(M + 1))× SU(kM) gauge theory. We generalize both perturbations to include non-zero 4-dimensional momentum, and find the mass spectra of S = 0+− and S = 0−− glueballs. We argue that these massive modes belong to 4-dimensional axial vector or vector supermultiplets. Extending our discussion to the complete baryonic branch of the gauge theory, we show that the action of a Euclidean D5-brane wrapping all six deformed conifold directions measures the baryon expectation values. We demonstrate that this is consistent with its coupling to the scalar and pseudoscalar massless modes, and reproduces the scaling dimension of baryon operators. We also derive an expression for the variation of the baryon expectation values along the supergravity dual of the baryonic branch. Finally we turn to 3-dimensional gauge theories with N = 3 supersymmetry, and calculate the non-abelian R-charges of BPS monopole operators. In the UV limit they are described by classical backgrounds, and this allows us to find their exact SU(2)R charges in a one-loop computation, by quantizing an SU(2)/U(1) collective coordinate. We show that monopole operators with vanishing scaling dimensions exist in the ABJM theory, which is essential for matching its spectrum with supergravity on AdS4×S/Zk.
Setting Analysis of Over Current Relay and Ground Fault Relay on Transformer Protection System of High Voltage Substation System

Electrical energy is one of the basic needs of everyone at this time. Therefore, electrical energy must always be available economically and of good quality, such as voltage or frequency and reliability. To maintain the continuity of electric power in distributing electrical energy required protection system is needed. The function of this protection system is to detect and disrupt power network interruptions from other non-interrupted networks as quickly as possible with the intention that greater losses are avoided. The usual disturbances are 3 phase, 2 phase, and 1 phase short circuits. To secure the electrical power system from various disturbances, especially the transformer, the protection relay is very important. The protective relays are used for a transformer covered an overcurrent relay (OCR), ground fault relay (GFR). This paper is a calculation and analysis of the OCR/GFR based on the settings on a 60 MVA transformer at the 150 kV Cibatu Substation in West Java. The results of a comparison between the calculation and the data that is installed in the main substation is quite similar. The calculation results on the time multiplier setting (TMS) show that the OCR setting on side 20 kV plots in 0.20 of TMS while the OCR setting on 150 kV side obtains in 0.23 of TMS. Moreover, the GFR is adjusted on 20 kV side obtained 0.18 of TMS while the GFR setting on 150 kV side is 0.107 for the TMS. In general, these studies show that the settings installed on Cibatu Substation is still in good condition but it needs monitoring to face load demand changes.
Dynamical modelling of the flow over a flapping wing using proper orthogonal decomposition and system identification techniques

A systematic approach for the dynamical modelling of the unsteady flow over a flapping wing is developed, which is based on instantaneous velocity field data of the flow collected using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The location and orientation of the airfoil is obtained by image processing and the airfoil is filled with proper velocity data. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied to these post-processed images to compute POD modes and time coefficients, and a discrete-time state-space dynamical model is fit to the trajectories of the time coefficients using subspace system identification (N4SID). The procedure is verified using PIV and CFD data obtained from a pitching NACA0012 airfoil. The simulation results confirm that the dynamical model obtained from the method proposed can represent the flow dynamics with acceptable accuracy.
Iterative learning identification: Dynamic parametrization modeling and
 comparison

This article elaborates the iterative learning mechanism for time‐varying system identification, and describes the learning algorithms that could achieve the consistent estimation for time‐varying parameters under persistent repetitive‐excitation conditions. A dynamic parametrization approach, in this article, is presented for modeling and analysis a general class of nonlinear systems. The derivations are conducted to give linear‐in‐the‐parameters models with time‐varying coefficients. The resultant models can be in a unified form, with the aid of the variable difference representation, and the iterative learning least squares algorithm and its variant are applicable for the purpose of parameter estimation. Moreover, a learning control scheme is adopted for demonstrating effectiveness of the dynamically‐parametrized modes, which are simulated and fully compared with the presented numerical results.
Physics of Continuous Matter: Exotic and Everyday Phenomena in the Macroscopic World

With equal emphasis on intuition and formalism, this text provides a unified, comprehensive, and coherent introduction to continuum physics that requires only some Newtonian mechanics and modest mathematical prerequisites that are further developed in the text. Based on the author's years of teaching the subject, the book is highly structured and useful on several tracks: as the main text for a course on continuum physics or as the foundation for courses on more specialized areas, such as solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, geophysics, and astrophysics. It contains all the usual features of a textbook: plenty of illustrations, problem sets with solutions, and an introduction to numerical simulations. OTIs OTI 1 IP177
NGC 2024 : Far-infrared and radio molecular observations.

New far-infrared continuum and millimeter-wave molecular observations of NGC 2024 are presented. The measurements were obtained at relatively high angular resolution making it possible to describe the source energetics and mass distribution in greater detail than previously reported. The object appears to be dominated by a dense ridge of material, extended in the north-south direction and centered on the dark lane that is seen in visual photographs. The maps of the source using the 'high-density' molecules CS and HCN confirm this picture and makes it possible to describe the core structure and molecular abundances. The radio molecular and infrared observations support the idea that an important exciting star in NGC 2024 has yet to be identified and is centered on the dense ridge about 1 arcmin south of the bright mid-infrared source IRS 2. The data presented here, along with other observations, make it possible to describe a model for the source.
Screening and Analyzing of Genes and Signaling Pathways Associated with Size Differentiation of Adult Male Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense

To better understand the size differentiation mechanism of adult male prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, transcriptome sequencing was performed from the second pereiopod, hepatopancreas, and muscle of adult male prawn M. nipponense with significant differences in size (large: 1.47 ± 0.12 g; small: 0.28 ± 0.04 g). A total of 46,557 unigenes with an average length of 1,312 bp were obtained. Based on pereiopod of large male (LP) versus pereiopod of small male (SP), muscle of large male (LM) versus muscle of small male (SM), and hepatopancreas of large male (LH) versus hepatopancreas of small male (SH), a total of 805, 473, and 1,037 significantly upregulated DEGs were identified, respectively. The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that pathways such as the PI3K-Akt pathway, the cAMP pathway, the Hippo pathway, and the Ras signaling pathway were enriched in all three comparisons, which may be key size regulators in adult male prawn M. nipponense. Furthermore, as potential candidates for size differentiation in adult male prawns, twenty-eight DEGs involved in these four pathways were screened out, and their expressions were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results of this study preliminarily elucidate the molecular mechanism of male M. nipponense in size differentiation and provide a theoretical reference for improving the commercial size of cultured male prawn M. nipponense.
Distributed Forcing for Flow Over a Bluff Body

Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed for control of flows over a circular cylinder for the Reynolds numbers from 40 to 3900. Distributed forcings are applied on the cylinder surface at o 90 ± from the stagnation point with the forcing (blowing/suction) profile varying sinusoidally in the spanwise direction and fixed in time. The phase difference between the forcing velocities from upper and lower cylinder surfaces is set to be zero (in-phase) or π (out-of-phase). It is shown that the in-phase distributed forcing significantly weakens the vortex shedding and reduces the drag for both laminar and turbulent flow cases. We also find that there exists an optimal spanwise wavelength of the forcing for maximum drag reduction and it depends on the Reynolds number. The out-of-phase distributed forcing seems to be ineffective for laminar flow but works for turbulent flow.
Effect of steel fibers on the performance of an economical ultra‐high strength concrete

This study examines the use of steel fibers in enhancing the ductility of an economical ultra‐high strength concrete (UHSC). The addition of fibrous material with very small geometry in this mixture is an effective solution to improve its ductility and prevent its brittle failure which is a common characteristic of UHSC. Different mechanical properties of reinforced and unreinforced concrete (e.g., slump flow, compressive, splitting tensile strength tests, and failure modes) were taken into account to find out the efficiency of micro steel fibers. The test results showed that concrete containing 25 mm length and 0.20 mm diameter steel fibers at a volume fraction of 0.5% not only presented a reasonable improvement in ductility performance but also ensured cost‐effectiveness. The cost evaluation conducted on several existing mix designs is also introduced in this study to investigate the influence of various steel fiber contents on the total cost of concrete so that figure out the lowest budget solution. The evaluation shows the high price of fiber reinforcement in which an addition of steel fibers by 5% volume could increase 7% of the total concrete cost.
A note on the use of the Neumann expansion in calculating the scatter from rough surfaces

The Neumann expansion has been used to compute the solutions of the magnetic-field integral equation (MFIE) for two-dimensional, perfectly conducting, Gaussian, rough surfaces. For surfaces whose roughness is of a similar order to the incident wavelength, it is shown that the expansion may diverge rapidly. The rate of convergence is compared with the conjugate-gradient (CG) method, whose convergence is sure. When it converges, the Neumann expansion convergence is more rapid. It is concluded that the Neumann expansion is not suitable without qualification as a numerical solution to the rough surface MFIE. Moreover, the failure of the Neumann expansion of the solution of the discrete representation of the MFIE provides strong evidence that the use of the Neumann expansion as a formal solution to the MFIE is open to doubt. >
Matrix Representation of Gaussian Optics

The ray-tracing method is used to discuss Gaussian optics. After proving that Gaussian optics can be described by matrices, some often-used general formulas for telescopic and focusing systems are derived. This formalism is then used to solve several problems. They are selected to make the reader familiar with the application of the matrix representation of Gaussian optics and to acquaint him with some optical systems that are very useful but not well known among physicists who use optical methods only occasionally.
Implementation of a Multimodal Heart Failure Management Protocol in a Skilled Nursing Facility

Hospitals and skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) are incentivized to reduce hospital readmissions among patients with heart failure (HF). We used the RE-AIM framework and mixed quantitative and qualitative data to evaluate the implementation of a multimodal HF management protocol (HFMP) administered in a SNF in 2021. Over 90% of eligible patients were enrolled in the HFMP (REACH). Of the 42 enrolled patients (61.9% female, aged 81.9 ± 8.9 years, 9.5% Medicaid), 2 (4.8%) were readmitted within 30 days of hospital discharge and 4 (9.5%) were readmitted within 30 days of SNF discharge compared with historical (2020) rates of 16.7% and 22.2%, respectively (a potential savings of $132,418–$176,573 in hospital costs) (EFFECTIVENESS). Although stakeholder feedback about ADOPTION and IMPLEMENTATION was largely positive, challenges associated with clinical data collection, documentation, and staff turnover were described. Findings will inform refinement of the HFMP to facilitate further testing and sustainability (MAINTENANCE).
Transcriptomic responses to Ivacaftor and prediction of Ivacaftor clinical responsiveness.

Ivacaftor is a recently FDA-approved drug for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with at least one copy of the G511D mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The transcriptomic effect of Ivacaftor in CF patients remains unclear. We aim to examine if and how the transcriptome of patients is influenced by Ivacaftor treatment and to determine if these data allow prediction of Ivacaftor responsiveness. Our data originate from the GOAL-G551D Observational Study. We performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on PBMCs from 56 patients and compared the transcriptomic changes before and after Ivacaftor treatments. Consensus clustering method was employed to stratify patients into sub-groups based on clinical responses post treatment and we determined differences between subgroups in baseline gene expressions. A random forest model was built to predict Ivacaftor responsiveness. We identified 239 genes (false discovery rate < 0.1) that were significantly influenced by Ivacaftor in PBMC. The functions of these genes relate to cell differentiation, microbial infection, inflammation, Toll-like receptor signaling, and metabolism. We classified patients into "good" and "moderate" responders based on clinical response to Ivacraftor. We identified a panel of signature genes and built a statistical model for predicting CFTR modulator responsiveness. Despite a limited sample size, adequate prediction performance was achieved with an accuracy of 0.92. In conclusion, for the first time, the present study demonstrates profound transcriptomic impacts of Ivafactor in CF patients PBMCs and built a pilot statistical model for predicting the clinical responsiveness to Ivacaftor prior to treatment.
Rayleigh-Sommerfeld and Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integrals: application to the scalar and vectorial theory of wave propagation and diffraction

Approximations for known integral solutions of the scalar Helmholtz equation (the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld (RS) integrals of type I and II) are discussed. The validity range of the approximated RS I integral for large, but finite distances from the boundary plane is calculated as a new result. The scalar Kirchhoff boundary conditions leading to a rough approximation of an aperture diffraction problem are inspected, and a new spatial frequency solution in the aperture plane is given. Published measurements and known approximate vectorial boundary values formulated with the Hertz vector are compared with the outcome of the traditional Kirchhoff theory. For the field propagating from light waveguide endfaces into a homogeneous medium, the polarization effects in the far-field are considered by approximating the near-field for weakly guiding fibers with a Hertz vector ansatz. Comparison with measurements shows that the polarization induced asymmetry of the far-field is small in comparison with the experimental uncertainties. Finally, the proper applications for the RS I; II integrals are clarified as opposed to using the scalar or vectorial Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral. >
Polarization and Fragmentation of Solar Type II Radio Bursts

Solar type II radio bursts are the electromagnetic signatures of collisionless shocks propagating radially outward in the solar atmosphere. The Zurich radio spectrograph has detected a fragmented type II burst at high frequencies. The Trieste polarimeter found this event to contain a high degree of left-hand polarization. These observations indicate that (1) the fragmented type II event is probably emitted at the fundamental of the electron plasma frequency fpe as one of the magnetoionic modes, namely, the ordinary (O) mode, (2) the fragmentation is due to fluctuations in the efficiency of linear coupling of Langmuir waves with escaping radiation at sharp density gradients associated with the oncoming shock, and (3) the key role of backscattering Langmuir waves in the direction of the oncoming shock is probably played by one of the saturation mechanisms, such as induced scattering of Langmuir waves on thermal ions or the electrostatic decay instability.