Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Point Correspondence Applied to Two-and Three-Dimensional Image Registration

Accurate and robust correspondence calculations are very important in many medical and biological applications. Often, the correspondence calculation forms part of a rigid registration algorithm, but accurate correspondences are especially important for elastic registration algorithms and for quantifying changes over time. In this paper, a new correspondence calculation algorithm, CSM (correspondence by sensitivity to movement), is described. A robust corresponding point is calculated by determining the sensitivity of a correspondence to movement of the point being matched. If the correspondence is reliable, a perturbation in the position of this point should not result in a large movement of the correspondence. A measure of reliability is also calculated. This correspondence calculation method is independent of the registration transformation and has been incorporated into both a 2D elastic registration algorithm for warping serial sections and a 3D rigid registration algorithm for registering pre and postoperative facial range scans. These applications use different methods for calculating the registration transformation and accurate rigid and elastic alignment of images has been achieved with the CSM method. It is expected that this method will be applicable to many different applications and that good results would be achieved if it were to be inserted into other methods for calculating a registration transformation from correspondences.
Computer System Safety Argument Schemes

Safety arguments are key components in a safety case. Too often, safety arguments are constructed without proper reasoning. , Inappropriate reasoning in a system’s safety argument could undermine the system’s safety claims, which in turn contributes to a safety-related failure of the system. To address this, we argue that informal logic argument schemes have important roles to play in safety argument construction process. Several reasoning schemes in computer system safety domain are proposed against the safety engineering literature. It is anticipated that this work will contribute toward the development of computer system safety arguments.
Computing Betweenness Centrality in B-hypergraphs

The directed hypergraph (especially B-hypergraph) has hyperedges that represent relations of a set of source nodes to a single target node. Author-cited networks and cellular signaling pathways can be modeled as a B-hypergraph. In this paper every source node of a hyperedge in the shortest path p in a B-hypergraph is considered a participant of p. We propose a betweenness centrality in the B-hypergraph that measures the number of shortest paths in which a node participates. The algorithm for computing the approximated betweenness centrality scores is also proposed. Through various performance experiments such as attack robustness and reachability tests, we show that our proposed betweenness centrality is a more appropriate measure in real-world B-hypergraph applications than ordinary betweenness centrality.
The study on the shaping of electroplated copper pillar bumping

With the increasing connection density of ICs, the technology of flip chip packaging and stacked-die packaging bounded by bumping are gradually replacing the traditional wire bonding to become one of the main styles of the package. And as one of the critical technology the technology of electroplating copper pillar wins more and more concern. This paper concerns about the influence of the electroplating additives which includes accelerator, leveler and the density of electroplating current to the forming of copper pillar. And by adjusting the quantity of the additives and the density of electroplating current, we got the satisfactory copper pillar with the smooth surface.
Advantages and limitations of Internet‐based interventions for common mental disorders

Several Internet interventions have been developed and tested for common mental disorders, and the evidence to date shows that these treatments often result in similar outcomes as in face‐to‐face psychotherapy and that they are cost‐effective. In this paper, we first review the pros and cons of how participants in Internet treatment trials have been recruited. We then comment on the assessment procedures often involved in Internet interventions and conclude that, while online questionnaires yield robust results, diagnoses cannot be determined without any contact with the patient. We then review the role of the therapist and conclude that, although treatments including guidance seem to lead to better outcomes than unguided treatments, this guidance can be mainly practical and supportive rather than explicitly therapeutic in orientation. Then we briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of treatments for mood and anxiety disorders and comment on ways to handle comorbidity often associated with these disorders. Finally we discuss challenges when disseminating Internet interventions. In conclusion, there is now a large body of evidence suggesting that Internet interventions work. Several research questions remain open, including how Internet interventions can be blended with traditional forms of care.
Edge Coloring and Stopping Sets Analysis in Product Codes With MDS Components

We consider non-binary product codes with MDS components and their iterative row-column algebraic decoding on the erasure channel. Both independent and block erasures are considered in this paper. A compact graph representation is introduced on which we define double-diversity edge colorings via the rootcheck concept. An upper bound of the number of decoding iterations is given as a function of the graph size and the color palette size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Then, we propose a differential evolution edge coloring algorithm that produces colorings with a large population of minimal rootcheck order symbols. The complexity of this algorithm per iteration is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$o(M^{\aleph })$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, for a given differential evolution parameter <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\aleph $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M^{\aleph }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> itself is small with respect to the huge cardinality of the coloring ensemble. Stopping sets of a product code are defined in the context of MDS components and a relationship is established with the graph representation. A full characterization of these stopping sets is given up to a size <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(d+1)^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the minimum Hamming distance of the MDS component code. The performance of MDS-based product codes with and without double-diversity coloring is analyzed in presence of both the block and the independent erasures. In the latter case, ML and iterative decoding are proven to coincide at small channel erasure probability. Furthermore, numerical results show excellent performance in presence of unequal erasure probability due to double-diversity colorings.
Solid-phase cloning for high-throughput assembly of single and multiple DNA parts

We describe solid-phase cloning (SPC) for high-throughput assembly of expression plasmids. Our method allows PCR products to be put directly into a liquid handler for capture and purification using paramagnetic streptavidin beads and conversion into constructs by subsequent cloning reactions. We present a robust automated protocol for restriction enzyme based SPC and its performance for the cloning of >60 000 unique human gene fragments into expression vectors. In addition, we report on SPC-based single-strand assembly for applications where exact control of the sequence between fragments is needed or where multiple inserts are to be assembled. In this approach, the solid support allows for head-to-tail assembly of DNA fragments based on hybridization and polymerase fill-in. The usefulness of head-to-tail SPC was demonstrated by assembly of >150 constructs with up to four DNA parts at an average success rate above 80%. We report on several applications for SPC and we suggest it to be particularly suitable for high-throughput efforts using laboratory workstations.
Understanding the growth and death of online social networks: evidence and model

Online Social Networks (OSNs) are multi-billion dollar enterprises. Surprisingly, little is known about the mechanisms that drive them to growth, stability, or death. This study sheds light on these mechanisms. We are particularly interested in OSNs where current subscribers can invite new users to join the network. Measuring the relationship between subscriber activity and network growth of a large OSN over five years, we formulate four hypotheses that together describe the observed OSN subscriber behavior. We then provide a model (and extensions) that simultaneously satisfies all four hypotheses. Our model provides deep insights into the dynamics of subscriber activity, inactivity, and network growth rates, even predicting the existence of five classes of OSNs with respect to their subscriber activity time series. We present subscriber activity data of nearly thirty OSN websites, measured over five years, and show that these observed activities are well described by four of the activity time series predicted by our model. We also show evidence that the fifth time series is rare but also exists in the wild. Finally, we discuss how our model may help describe the growth of social movements such as grass-root organizations.
Reverse interpretation + mutation analysis = automatic retargeting

There are three popular methods for constructing highly retargetable compilers: (1) the compiler emits abstract machine code which is interpreted at run-time, (2) the compiler emits C code which is subsequently compiled to machine code by the native C compiler, or (3) the compiler's code-generator is generated by a back-end generator from a formal machine description produced by the compiler writer.These methods incur high costs at run-time, compile-time, or compiler-construction time, respectively.In this paper we will describe a novel method which promises to significantly reduce the effort required to retarget a compiler to a new architecture, while at the same time producing fast and effective compilers. The basic idea is to use the native C compiler at compiler construction time to discover architectural features of the new architecture. From this information a formal machine description is produced. Given this machine description, a native code-generator can be generated by a back-end generator such as BEG or burg.A prototype Automatic Architecture Discovery Unit has been implemented. The current version is general enough to produce machine descriptions for the integer instruction sets of common RISC and CISC architectures such as the Sun SPARC, Digital Alpha, MIPS, DEC VAX, and Intel x86. The tool is completely automatic and requires minimal input from the user: principally, the user needs to provide the internet address of the target machine and the command-lines by which the C compiler, assembler, and linker are invoked.
On the elastic properties of curved carbon nanotubes/polymer nanocomposites: A modified rule of mixture

The elastic modulus of curved single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites is studied. The effects of shape, number, and amplitude of curves and nanotube/matrix interphase on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites are investigated. Solid and hollow cylinder models are employed to model the nanotubes. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are selected with one, two, and three curves. The elastic modulus of polymer matrix reinforced by curved single-walled carbon nanotubes is compared with those of straight nanotube/polymer nanocomposites. Comparing the results with the results of the molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that the employed model can predict the mechanical properties of nanocomposites with the error lower than that of 2%. The nanotubes with higher number of curves lead to weaker reinforcement of the matrix. Besides, increasing the diameter of the nanotube leads to better reinforcement of the nanocomposites. It is observed that the rule of mixtures cannot predict the elastic modulus of curved single-walled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites correctly. Therefore, the rule of mixtures is modified to accurately predict the elastic modulus of polymer matrix reinforced by curved single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Sediment characterization during oxidation and ripening and evaluation of its potential reuse

The environmental impact and possibilities for remediation and reuse of contaminated sediments was investigated. Water‐soluble and (NH4)2‐EDTA‐soluble metal concentrations in sediments from three different rivers were monitored for five months after dredging. Furthermore, the pH‐dependent leaching behaviour of heavy metals and the influence of elevated temperatures (900–1100 °C) on the release of metals were investigated in order to evaluate possibilities for remediation, through thermal treatment, and reuse of the sediments, such as for the production of bricks and lightweight aggregates. In general, the sediments investigated in this study present a relatively low risk to the environment when exposed to upland conditions. If the sediments were to be used for the production of bricks or lightweight aggregates, the increased mobility of As, Cr and V following thermal treatment of the sediments should be taken into account.
Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy Impairs the Stimulation of Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion Caused by Surgical Wounding

Purpose: After apparently successful excision of breast cancer, risk of local recurrence remains high mainly in the area surrounding the original tumor, indicating that wound healing processes may be implicated. The proportional reduction of this risk by radiotherapy does not depend on the extent of surgery, suggesting that radiotherapy, in addition to killing tumor cells, may influence the tumor microenvironment. Experimental Design: We studied how normal and mammary carcinoma cell growth and motility are affected by surgical wound fluids (WF), collected over 24 h following breast-conserving surgery in 45 patients, 20 of whom had received additional TARGeted Intraoperative radioTherapy (TARGIT), immediately after the surgical excision. The proteomic profile of the WF and their effects on the activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways of breast cancer cells were also analyzed. Results: WF stimulated proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cell lines. The stimulatory effect was almost completely abrogated when fluids from TARGIT-treated patients were used. These fluids displayed altered expression of several cytokines and failed to properly stimulate the activation of some intracellular signal transduction pathways, when compared with fluids harvested from untreated patients. Conclusions: Delivery of TARGIT to the tumor bed alters the molecular composition and biological activity of surgical WF. This novel antitumoral effect could, at least partially, explain the very low recurrence rates found in a large pilot study using TARGIT. It also opens a novel avenue for identifying new molecular targets and testing novel therapeutic agents.
Illumination spectral width impacts on mask error enhancement factor and iso-dense bias in 0.6-NA KrF imaging

In this study, process latitude, mask error enhancement factor and iso-dense bias have been experimentally measured as a function of the KrF excimer laser bandwidth. The experiment results are in agreement with photoresist simulations over a range of imaged nominal feature sizes from 120nm to 300nm at 0.6/0.75 NA/(sigma) . The mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) is shown to vary by approximately 2.3 percent for 160nm and 3.3 percent for 150nm isolated lines per 0.1pm of excimer-laser bandwidth, characterized by the full width at half maximum (FWHM). The 180nm line iso-dense bias exhibits a shift of approximately 2nm per 0.1pm FWHM. Under the given process conditions, linear empirical relationships are derived for the dependency of MEEF and iso-dense offset on FWHM excimer-laser spectral width for a range of imaged CDs. Such considerations can be used to augment the existing predictive CD-control estimation and model-based optical proximity correction.
Association of smoking cessation and weight change with cardiovascular disease among adults with and without diabetes.

IMPORTANCE Smoking cessation reduces the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but weight gain that follows quitting smoking may weaken the CVD benefit of quitting. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that weight gain following smoking cessation does not attenuate the benefits of smoking cessation among adults with and without diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective community-based cohort study using data from the Framingham Offspring Study collected from 1984 through 2011. At each 4-year examination, self-reported smoking status was assessed and categorized as smoker, recent quitter (≤ 4 years), long-term quitter (>4 years), and nonsmoker. Pooled Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between quitting smoking and 6-year CVD events and to test whether 4-year change in weight following smoking cessation modified the association between smoking cessation and CVD events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incidence over 6 years of total CVD events, comprising coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular events, peripheral artery disease, and congestive heart failure. RESULTS After a mean follow-up of 25 (SD, 9.6) years, 631 CVD events occurred among 3251 participants. Median 4-year weight gain was greater for recent quitters without diabetes (2.7 kg [interquartile range {IQR}, -0.5 to 6.4]) and with diabetes (3.6 kg [IQR, -1.4 to 8.2]) than for long-term quitters (0.9 kg [IQR, -1.4 to 3.2] and 0.0 kg [IQR, -3.2 to 3.2], respectively, P < .001). Among participants without diabetes, age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate of CVD was 5.9 per 100 person-examinations (95% CI, 4.9-7.1) in smokers, 3.2 per 100 person-examinations (95% CI, 2.1-4.5) in recent quitters, 3.1 per 100 person-examinations (95% CI, 2.6-3.7) in long-term quitters, and 2.4 per 100 person-examinations (95% CI, 2.0-3.0) in nonsmokers. After adjustment for CVD risk factors, compared with smokers, recent quitters had a hazard ratio (HR) for CVD of 0.47 (95% CI, 0.23-0.94) and long-term quitters had an HR of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.34-0.63); these associations had only a minimal change after further adjustment for weight change. Among participants with diabetes, there were similar point estimates that did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this community-based cohort, smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of CVD events among participants without diabetes, and weight gain that occurred following smoking cessation did not modify this association. This supports a net cardiovascular benefit of smoking cessation, despite subsequent weight gain.
Not All Segments are Created Equal: Syntactically Motivated Sentiment Analysis in Lexical Space

Although there is by now a considerable amount of research on subjectivity and sentiment analysis on morphologically-rich languages, it is still unclear how lexical information can best be modeled in these languages. To bridge this gap, we build effective models exploiting exclusively gold- and machine-segmented lexical input and successfully employ syntactically motivated feature selection to improve classification. Our best models achieve significantly above the baselines, with 67.93% and 69.37% accuracies for subjectivity and sentiment classification respectively.
The nutritional relationship of Anemonia sulcata (Pennant) and its dinoflagellate symbiont.

High resolution autoradiography in the optical and electron microscopes has been used to define the nature of the nutritional relationship between Anemonia sulcata and its algal symbiont. Grain counts from these autoradiographs have been examined quantitatively, and the results compared with those obtained from an in vitro analysis of the excreted products of the symbionts. These investigations clearly indicate that system of carbon translocation between the alga and the host does exist in situ, and that over 60% of the carbon fixed in photosynthesis in transferred to the host under the conditions of these experiments.
Mobile Text Entry: An empirical study and analysis of mini(cid:150)QWERTY keyboards

The mini{QWERTY keyboard is a mobile two{handed keyboard approximately the size of a mobile phone keypad. The keys are arranged in the same order as a desktop QWERTY keyboard. In this paper, we present two studies of mini{QWERTY keyboard use. The (cid:12)rst study is a longitudinal examination of the learning rates of 14 novice mini{QWERTY keyboard users, an analysis of errors that occur in mini{QWERTY typing, and a comparison of a predictive model of two{thumb text entry to our empirical results. The study consists of 20 twenty-minute typing sessions using two di(cid:11)erent{sized keyboards to test two di(cid:11)erent points in the mini{QWERTY design space. Subjects average over 31 words per minute (wpm) at over 95% accuracy for the (cid:12)rst session and increase to an average of 59 wpm at almost 93% accuracy by the twentieth. The second study examines the abilities of expert mini{QWERTY keyboard typists to type quickly and accurately in conditions of limited visual feedback. Our now expert mini{QWERTY typists participate in three \blind" typing conditions. In the (cid:12)rst condition, participants have full visual access to both the keyboard and the display. In the second condition, we obstruct view of the keyboard. The (cid:12)nal condition obstructs visibility of the keyboard and reduces visual feedback from the display. Our participants’ performance drops in the blind conditions to an average of 45.8 wpm at 85.6% accuracy.
D-Branes in Type IIA and Type IIB Theories from Tachyon Condensation

In this paper we will construct all BPS and non-BPS D-branes in Type IIA and Type IIB theories from tachyon condensation. We also propose form of Wess-Zumino term for non-BPS D-brane and we will show that tachyon condensation in this term leads to standard Wess-Zumino term for BPS D-brane.
Visualizing e-Government portal and its performance in WEBVS

An e-Government portal is responsible to provide news, information and services to citizens, merchants and tourists in a reliable way. Previously, we proposed a Web Monitoring System (WMS) that monitors the performance of a web portal in realtime [1]. Web portal structure is complex to analyze though it is important to discover useful patterns, evaluate performance, locate anomalies and identify problems. Visualization is helpful in performance evaluation and interpretation of web usage mining results. In this paper we proposed a tool comprised of visualization and fuzzy association rule mining, called Web Visualization System (WEBVS), as an extension to the WMS for monitoring and analyzing performances of e-Government websites.