Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System for Computer-Aided Multiresolution Microscopic Pathology Diagnostics

The aim of the presented system is simplification of the daily pathological routine of prostatic cancer diagnostics. The system combines telepathology with computer-aided diagnostics algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach proposing such a comprehensive method. Our system is designed to accumulate knowledge in learning process during diagnostics. Our system targets image acquisition and interpretation stages. The image acquisition subsystem solves various problems related to microscopical slide digitization like biomedical image registration, data representation, and processing. The interpretation subsystem bases on Gabor filter texture features as well as on color features. A support vector machine classifier together with feature selection is used for computer-aided diagnostics. The experimental validation of the system bases on a database of more than three thousand samples.During the experimental evaluation, the system exhibited successful interaction with a pathologist.
Detection of doubly-deuterated methanol in the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293-2422

We report the first detection of doubly-deuterated methanol (CHD2OH), as well as firm detections of the two singly-deuterated isotopomers of methanol (CH2DOH and CH3OD), towards the solar-type protostar IRAS 16293 2422. From the present multifrequency observations, we derive the following abundance ratios: (CHD 2OH)=(CH3OH)= 0:2 0:1, (CH2DOH)=(CH3OH)= 0:9 0:3, (CH3OD)=(CH3OH)= 0:04 0:02. The total abundance of the deuterated forms of methanol is greater than that of its normal hydrogenated counterpart in the circumstellar material of IRAS 16293 2422, a circumstance not previously encountered. Formaldehyde, which is thought to be the chemical precursor of methanol, possesses a much lower fraction of deuterated isotopomers (20%) with respect to the main isotopic form in IRAS 16293 2422. The observed frac- tionation of methanol and formaldehyde provides a severe challenge to both gas-phase and grain-surface models of deuteration. Two examples of the latter model are roughly in agreement with our observations of CHD2OH and CH2DOH if the accreting gas has a large (0.2-0.3) atomic D/H ratio. However, no gas-phase model predicts such a high atomic D/H ratio, and hence some key ingredient seems to be missing.
Interpretation of Infrared Spectra, A Practical Approach

The vibrational spectrum of a molecule is considered to be a unique physical property and is characteristic of the molecule. As such, the infrared spectrum can be used as a fingerprint for identification by the comparison of the spectrum from an “unknown” with previously recorded reference spectra. This is the basis of computer-based spectral searching. In the absence of a suitable reference database, it is possible to effect a basic interpretation of the spectrum from first principles, leading to characterization, and possibly even identification of an unknown sample. This first principles approach is based on the fact that structural features of the molecule, whether they are the backbone of the molecule or the functional groups attached to the molecule, produce characteristic and reproducible absorptions in the spectrum. This information can indicate whether there is backbone to the structure and, if so, whether the backbone consists of linear or branched chains. Next it is possible to determine if there is unsaturation and/or aromatic rings in the structure. Finally, it is possible to deduce whether specific functional groups are present. If detected, one is also able to determine local orientation of the group and its local environment and/or location in the structure. The origins of the sample, its prehistory, and the manner in which the sample is handled all have impact on the final result. Basic rules of interpretation exist and, if followed, a simple, first-pass interpretation leading to material characterization is possible. This article addresses these issues in a simple, logical fashion. Practical examples are included to help guide the reader through the basic concepts of infrared spectral interpretation.
Functional Role of PilA in Iron Acquisition in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Cyanobacteria require large quantities of iron to maintain their photosynthetic machinery; however, in most environments iron is present in the form of insoluble iron oxides. Whether cyanobacteria can utilize these sources of iron, and the potential molecular mechanisms involved remains to be defined. There is increasing evidence that pili can facilitate electron donation to extracellular electron acceptors, like iron oxides in non-photosynthetic bacteria. In these organisms, the donation of electrons to iron oxides is thought to be crucial for maintaining respiration in the absence of oxygen. Our study investigates if PilA1 (major pilin protein) may also provide a mechanism to convert insoluble ferric iron into soluble ferrous iron. Growth experiments supported by spectroscopic data of a strain deficient in pilA1 indicate that the presence of the pilA1 gene enhances the ability to grow on iron oxides. These observations suggest a novel function of PilA1 in cyanobacterial iron acquisition.
The fluid internet: service-centric management of a virtualized future internet

The Internet was originally designed as a best effort packet forwarding substrate. However, since its inception, its purpose has shifted toward a rich service-centric delivery platform. Its underlying infrastructure as well as the number of connected devices have taken on immense proportions, and sharing of capabilities has come into widespread use. Moreover, the Internet's services are becoming increasingly interactive, context-aware, and content-oriented. This has led to stringent delivery requirements being imposed on the underlying infrastructure. Despite these evolutions, management of the Internet has not evolved significantly. It remains largely static and is unable to provide dynamic end-to-end service delivery guarantees in a cost-effective manner. In this article, we propose the Fluid Internet, a novel paradigm aimed at tackling these management challenges. The Fluid Internet seamlessly provisions virtualized infrastructure capabilities, adapting the delivery substrate to the dynamic requirements of services and users, much like a fluid adapting to fit its surroundings. As such, the Fluid Internet gives a service provider the ability to manage its services end to end and elastically. Our vision is achieved through a unification of concepts from network virtualization, cloud computing, and service-centric networking. The relevant stakeholders, as well as their functions and interactions, are described. Additionally, we identify the major technical challenges that remain to be tackled for the Fluid Internet vision to become a reality.
An Anti-Turing Test: Social Network Friends' Recommendations

A routine activity of social networks servers is to recommend candidate friends that one may know and stimulate addition of these people to one's contacts. An intriguing issue is how these recommendation lists are composed. This work investigates the main variables involved in the recommendation activity, in order to reproduce these lists including its time dependent characteristics. We propose relevant algorithms. Besides conventional approaches, such as friend_of_a_friend, two techniques of importance have not been emphasized in previous works: randomization and direct use of interestingness criteria. An automatic software tool to implement these techniques is proposed. Its architecture and implementation are discussed. After a preliminary analysis of actual data collected from social networks, the tool is used to simulate social network friends' recommendations.
Anticipatory Semantic Processes

Why anticipatory processes correspond to cognitive abilities of living systems? To be adapted to an environment, behaviors need at least i) internal representations of events occurring in the external environment; and ii) internal anticipations of possible events to occur in the external environment. Interactions of these two opposite but complementary cognitive properties lead to various patterns of experimental data on semantic processing. How to investigate dynamic semantic processes? Experimental studies in cognitive psychology offer several interests such as: i) the control of the semantic environment such as words embedded in sentences; ii) the methodological tools allowing the observation of anticipations and adapted oculomotor behavior during reading; and iii) the analyze of different anticipatory processes within the theoretical framework of semantic processing. What are the different types of semantic anticipations? Experimental data show that semantic anticipatory processes involve i) the coding in memory of sequences of words occurring in textual environments; ii) the anticipation of possible future words from currently perceived words; and iii) the selection of anticipated words as a function of the sequences of perceived words, achieved by anticipatory activations and inhibitory selection processes. How to modelize anticipatory semantic processes? Localist or distributed neural networks models can account for some types of semantic processes, anticipatory or not. Attractor neural networks coding temporal sequences are presented as good candidate for modeling anticipatory semantic processes, according to specific properties of the human brain such as i) auto-associative memory; ii) learning and memorization of sequences of patterns; and iii) anticipation of memorized patterns from previously perceived patterns.
Recognizing Linked Domain in Polynomial Time

The celebrated Gibbard-Satterthwaite Theorem states that any surjective social choice function which is defined over the universal domain of preferences and is strategy-proof must be dictatorial. Aswal, Chatterji and Sen generalize the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem by showing that the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem still holds if the universal domain is replaced with the linked domain. In this note, we show that determining whether an election is linked can be done in polynomial time.
A dynamic offset control technique for comparator design in scaled CMOS technology

A principle of charge compensation approach for comparator offset control is analyzed. A dynamic offset control technique that employs charge compensation by timing control is proposed for comparator design in scaled CMOS technology. The analysis has been verified by fabricating a 65 nm CMOS 1.2 V 1 GHz comparator that occupies 25 times 65 mum2 and consumes 380 muW. Circuits for offset control occupies 21% of the areas and 12% of the power consumption of the whole comparator chip.
Design of an active magnetic wheel with a varying Electro-Permanent Magnet adhesion mechanism

Magnetic adhesion mechanism is commonly used in mobile robots design for inspection tasks of ferric structures. The magnetic adhesion force is generated either by Permanent Magnets (PMs) or Electro-Magnets (EMs). Both methods have intrinsic limitations: fixed magnetic force in PMs or a constant electric power supply in EMs. Work in this paper presents a novel active magnetic wheel design by implementing Electro- Permanent Magnet (EPM) technology in its adhesion mechanism. EPMs allow to control the magnetic force by simply applying a short electric pulse. Controlling the amplitude of the electrical pulse, the magnetic force can be set into a chosen value enabling a continuous variation of the magnetic adhesive force. Implementing EPMs in adhesion mechanism will impact significantly on the mobile robot when manoeuvring in complex structures, avoiding difficult obstacles and energy consumption, thus enhancing its performance. Simulations of the proposed wheel design are performed in order to demonstrate the behaviour of the active magnetic adhesion mechanism and its feasibility. An improved design of the actual wheel is presented based on results of initial simulations. Further designs are suggested by adapting the adhesion mechanism to existing wheel designs.
Sex and Science: How Professor Gender Perpetuates the Gender Gap

Why aren't there more women in science? This paper begins to shed light on this question by exploiting data from the U.S. Air Force Academy, where students are randomly assigned to professors for a wide variety of mandatory standardized courses.We focus on the role of professor gender. Our results suggest that although professor gender has little impact on male students, it has a powerful effect on female students' performance in math and science classes, and high-performing female students' likelihood of taking future math and science courses, and graduating with a STEM degree. The estimates are largest for students whose SAT math scores are in the top 5% of the national distribution. The gender gap in course grades and STEM majors is eradicated when high-performing female students are assigned to female professors in mandatory introductory math and science coursework.
Methadone exposure during lactation.

QUESTION One of my patients is currently using methadone for maintenance of opioid dependence. She wants to breastfeed. Is breastfeeding safe for her infant? ANSWER The exposure of infants to methadone through their mothers' breast milk is minimal. Women using methadone for treatment of opioid dependence should not be discouraged from breastfeeding. The benefits of breastfeeding largely outweigh any theoretical minimal risks.
Logical Characterizations of Behavioral Relations on Transition Systems of Probability Distributions

Probabilistic nondeterministic processes are commonly modeled as probabilistic LTSs (PLTSs). A number of logical characterizations of the main behavioral relations on PLTSs have been studied. In particular, Parma and Segala [2007] and Hermanns et al. [2011] define a probabilistic Hennessy-Milner logic interpreted over probability distributions, whose corresponding logical equivalence/preorder when restricted to Dirac distributions coincides with standard bisimulation/simulation between the states of a PLTS. This result is here extended by studying the full logical equivalence/preorder between (possibly non-Dirac) distributions in terms of a notion of bisimulation/simulation defined on an LTS whose states are distributions (dLTS). We show that the well-known spectrum of behavioral relations on nonprobabilistic LTSs as well as their corresponding logical characterizations in terms of Hennessy-Milner logic scales to the probabilistic setting when considering dLTSs.
Preclinical Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents for Peripheral Applications: Recommendations From an Expert Consensus Group

Drug-eluting stents implanted in the coronary arteries substantially improve long-term outcomes for restenosis. The utility of the stents in peripheral atherosclerosis is under evaluation. Drug-eluting stent evaluation with coronary arteries appears to be an excellent method for evaluating human safety end points. Predicting clinical efficacy remains unclear, however. Because drug-eluting stents are undergoing development for human peripheral arteries, safety and efficacy questions arise in much the same context as they did for the coronary arteries. As they did with the coronary arteries, the clinical, scientific, regulatory, and commercial communities are seeking acceptable criteria for peripheral device evaluation. Substantial differences in stent requirements and biological effects for bare metal peripheral stents depend on implant site. Different anatomic locations under evaluation include femoral, renal, and neurologic arterial stents, and other peripheral applications such as outflow veins of dialysis arteriovenous fistulae are being evaluated. Peripheral in-stent restenosis is less of a problem in carotid and aortoiliac stents and in iliac veins and in the cavae. In general, the benefit:risk ratio for drug-eluting stents may be less for peripheral stents. It is for this reason that peripheral stent performance should be evaluated carefully. This document presents an integrated recommendation set for evaluating drug-eluting stents in peripheral vessels with preclinical models. The recommendations encompass study design, experimental performance, and histopathologic evaluations and emphasize the need to evaluate safety and efficacy at multiple points in time. The present document is a consensus of clinical, academic, and commercial groups—all experts in the evaluation of preclinical investigational or interventional devices. Because preclinical peripheral studies are less well understood than are coronary models, the recommendations do not prescribe a single method for device evaluation; they instead provide broad suggestions for evaluation. Peripheral vascular knowledge will increase as correlations of preclinical with clinical data become available. Future versions of this …
Calcium Sparks in Intact Skeletal Muscle Fibers of the Frog

Calcium sparks were studied in frog intact skeletal muscle fibers using a home-built confocal scanner whose point-spread function was estimated to be ∼0.21 μm in x and y and ∼0.51 μm in z. Observations were made at 17–20°C on fibers from Rana pipiens and Rana temporaria. Fibers were studied in two external solutions: normal Ringer's ([K+] = 2.5 mM; estimated membrane potential, −80 to −90 mV) and elevated [K+] Ringer's (most frequently, [K+] = 13 mM; estimated membrane potential, −60 to −65 mV). The frequency of sparks was 0.04–0.05 sarcomere−1 s−1 in normal Ringer's; the frequency increased approximately tenfold in 13 mM [K+] Ringer's. Spark properties in each solution were similar for the two species; they were also similar when scanned in the x and the y directions. From fits of standard functional forms to the temporal and spatial profiles of the sparks, the following mean values were estimated for the morphological parameters: rise time, ∼4 ms; peak amplitude, ∼1 ΔF/F (change in fluorescence divided by resting fluorescence); decay time constant, ∼5 ms; full duration at half maximum (FDHM), ∼6 ms; late offset, ∼0.01 ΔF/F; full width at half maximum (FWHM), ∼1.0 μm; mass (calculated as amplitude × 1.206 × FWHM3), 1.3–1.9 μm3. Although the rise time is similar to that measured previously in frog cut fibers (5–6 ms; 17–23°C), cut fiber sparks have a longer duration (FDHM, 9–15 ms), a wider extent (FWHM, 1.3–2.3 μm), and a strikingly larger mass (by 3–10-fold). Possible explanations for the increase in mass in cut fibers are a reduction in the Ca2+ buffering power of myoplasm in cut fibers and an increase in the flux of Ca2+ during release.
Seeing, wanting, owning: the relationship between receptivity to tobacco marketing and smoking susceptibility in young people

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of the tobacco industry’s marketing practices on adolescents by examining the relationship between their receptivity to these practices and their susceptibility to start smoking. DESIGN Paper-and-pencil surveys measuring association with other smokers, exposure to tobacco industry marketing strategies, experience with smoking, and resolve not to smoke in the future. SETTING 25 randomly selected classrooms in five middle schools in San Jose, California. SUBJECTS 571 seventh graders with an average age of 13 years and 8 months; 57% were female. Forty-five per cent of the students were Asian, 38% were Hispanic, 12% were white, and 5% were black. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Exposure to social influences, receptivity to marketing strategies, susceptibility to start smoking. RESULTS About 70% of the participants indicated at least moderate receptivity to tobacco marketing materials. Children who are more receptive are also more susceptible to start smoking. In addition to demographics and social influences, receptivity to tobacco marketing materials was found to be strongly associated with susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco companies conduct marketing campaigns that effectively capture teenage attention and stimulate desire for their promotional items. These marketing strategies may function to move young teenagers from non-smoking status toward regular use of tobacco. Our results demonstrate that there is a clear association between tobacco marketing practices and youngsters’ susceptibility to smoke. The findings, along with other research, provide compelling support for regulating the manner in which tobacco products are marketed, to protect young people from the tobacco industry’s strategies to reach them.
Effects of distraction on memory and cognition: a commentary

This commentary is a review of the findings and ideas reported in the preceding nine articles on the effects of distraction on aspects of cognitive performance. The articles themselves deal with the disruptive effects of distraction on recall of words, objects and events, also on visual processing, category formation and other cognitive tasks. The commentary assesses the part played by “domain-general” suppression of distracting information and the “domain-specific” competition arising when tasks and distraction involve very similar material. Some forms of distraction are meaningfully relevant to the ongoing task, and Treisman’s (1964) model of selective attention is invoked to provide an account of findings in this area. Finally, individual differences to vulnerability to distraction are discussed; older adults are particularly affected by distracting stimuli although the failure to repress distraction can sometimes prove beneficial to later cognitive performance.
PAPER Special Section on VLSI Design and CAD Algorithms Analytical Eye-Diagram Model for On-Chip Distortionless Transmission Lines and Its Application to Design Space Exploration

SUMMARY This paper proposes a closed-form eye-diagram model for on-chip distortionless transmission lines with intentionally inserted shunt conductance. We derive expressions of eye-opening both in voltage and time, by assuming a piece-wise linear waveform model. The model is experimentally verified with various length, shunt conductance and resistive termination. We also apply the proposed model to design space exploration, and demonstrate that the proposed model helps estimate the optimal shunt conductance and resistive termination according to required signaling
Performance Analysis of Bidirectional Relay Selection with Imperfect Channel State Information

In this paper, we investigate the performance of bidirectional relay selection using amplify-and-forward protocol with imperfect channel state information, i.e., delay effect and channel estimation error. The asymptotic expression of end-to-end SER in high SNR regime is derived in a closed form, which indicates that the delay effect causes the loss of both coding gain and diversity order, while the channel estimation error merely affects the coding gain. Finally, analytical results are verified by Monte-Carlo simulations.