Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Interpretation of Cyclic Structure Into Type Theory

This work proposes an interpretation of cyclic structure into System F, a second order typed lambda calculus. This interpretation is a translation which translates types of cyclic structure into types of F, terms which denote cyclic structure into terms of F, and the equality of cyclic structure into a partial equivalence relation in F. By using this interpretation, we can write down objects of cyclic structure as terms of System F. Moreover, we can write down functions over objects of cyclic structure as terms of System F. In order to translate cyclic structure into F, we propose three characteristic points. The rst is that we distinguish the type of already constructed terms of cyclic structures from the type of terms of cyclic structures under construction. The second is that the domain of cyclic structure is reguarded as a quotient domain made of the domain of cyclic graphs. The third is that the equality of cyclic structure is de ned by induction, and functions over objects of cyclic structure are de ned by induction. This induction is provided by the axiom of parametricity.
A New Scheme for Mobile Based CAPTCHA Service on Cloud

CAPTCHAs are popularly used techniques to distinguish humans and automated applications. Such techniques are often useful in banking transactions, email creation, online surveys, data downloads etc. Starting from a very primitive stage of providing the users with a simple alphabetical string to asking using to do complex calculations, CAPTCHAs have come a long way in terms of sophistication of human-bot distinction. However in this process, these CAPTCHAs have lost their human friendliness, either because of the noise being added to the CATPCHA tests or because of the complications of the challenges thrown to the user resulting in bad experience. The traditional CAPTCHAs also fail to take into account the unique needs of the ubiquitous mobile devices. These mobile devices have few limitations like small display area, limited display resolution, color combinations of the display, processing power etc. Also, they have unique advantages of touch sensitive input devices, voice inputs, voice outputs etc. In this paper, we present a scheme for a CAPTCHA service on Cloud, which is specific to mobile application. We duly consider the need of usability and presentation that is required for a mobile device in our implementation. The proposed CAPTCHA framework offers scalable and flexible implementation opportunities in many verticals and domains. Another unique feature of our framework is that we provide the facility for distributed verification. This greatly improves the efficiency at the CATPCHA generation as well as reduces the response time for the user authentication as human.
Effectiveness of Prisoner Reentry Programs for Reduction of Repeat Incarcerations in Nigeria

Effectiveness of Prisoner Reentry Programs for Reduction of Repeat Incarcerations in Nigeria by Emmanuel Dejo Oluwaniyi MS, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007 BS, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Human and Social Services Walden University November 2017 Abstract The persistently high rate of repeat incarcerations poses a threat to the safety of lives and properties. The problem that led to this study was the prevailing high rate of repeat incarcerations in Nigeria, despite interventions to reduce their occurrences. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prisoner reentry programs in reducing reincarcerations of ex-prisoners. The focus of the research questions was onThe persistently high rate of repeat incarcerations poses a threat to the safety of lives and properties. The problem that led to this study was the prevailing high rate of repeat incarcerations in Nigeria, despite interventions to reduce their occurrences. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prisoner reentry programs in reducing reincarcerations of ex-prisoners. The focus of the research questions was on whether treatment and the type (faithor non-faith-based) made a difference in a prisoner’s reincarceration status after release. The theoretical foundation was based on the transtheoretical model of change. Reincarceration outcomes were analyzed for 818 prisoners who were released between January 2010 and December 2013 from 3 prisons located in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from the prison records on the reincarceration status of the subjects based on an at-risk period of 36 months after release. A propensity score matching procedure was used to select an equal number (n = 409) of treated subjects (those who participated in a prisoner reentry program) and untreated subjects (nonparticipants in the program). Findings from a Cox-regression analysis revealed that participating in any of the programs (faithor non-faith-based) reduced reincarceration at a statistically significant level; however, there was no difference in reincarceration status based on the type of treatment received. Findings provide evidence that prisoner reentry programs can reduce reincarceration. With this knowledge, the reentry program providers may advocate more government supports for reentry activities. They may collaborate with the policymakers and legislators to develop strategies that will enhance the reintegration of ex-prisoners into communities and thereby prevent their return to crimes but ensure they are productive for themselves, their families and the community. Effectiveness of Prisoner Reentry Programs for Reduction of Repeat Incarcerations in Nigeria by Emmanuel Dejo Oluwaniyi MS, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007 BS, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 1983 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Human and Social Services
The HDAC inhibitor SB939 overcomes resistance to BCR-ABL kinase Inhibitors conferred by the BIM deletion polymorphism in chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment has been improved by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib mesylate (IM) but various factors can cause TKI resistance in patients with CML. One factor which contributes to TKI resistance is a germline intronic deletion polymorphism in the BCL2-like 11 (BIM) gene which impairs the expression of pro-apoptotic splice isoforms of BIM. SB939 (pracinostat) is a hydroxamic acid based HDAC inhibitor with favorable pharmacokinetic, physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties, and we investigated if this drug could overcome BIM deletion polymorphism-induced TKI resistance. We found that SB939 corrects BIM pre-mRNA splicing in CML cells with the BIM deletion polymorphism, and induces apoptotic cell death in CML cell lines and primary cells with the BIM deletion polymorphism. More importantly, SB939 both decreases the viability of CML cell lines and primary CML progenitors with the BIM deletion and restores TKI-sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that SB939 overcomes BIM deletion polymorphism-induced TKI resistance, and suggest that SB939 may be useful in treating CML patients with BIM deletion-associated TKI resistance.
Performance Evaluation of Breadth-First Search on Intel Xeon Phi

Breadth-First Search (BFS) is one of the most important kernels in graph computing. It is the main kernel of the Graph500 rating that evaluates performance of large supercomputers and multiprocessor nodes in terms of traversed edges per second (TEPS). In this paper we present the results of BFS performance evaluation on a recently released high-performance Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. We examine previously proposed Queue-based and Read-based approaches to BFS implementation. We also apply several optimization techniques, such as manual loop unrolling and prefetching, that significantly improve performance on Intel Xeon Phi. On a representative graph set Intel Xeon Phi 7120P demonstrates 178 % maximal and 137 % average speedup as compared to the Intel Xeon E5-2660 processor. We achieved 4366 MTEPS on Intel Xeon Phi 7120P for the graph with scale 25 and have the 89th place on the November 2013 Graph500 list. This is the fourth place among research teams in the class of single node x86-based systems.
Bilaterale Vestibulopathie

Zusammenfassung Die bilaterale Vestibulopathie (BV) ist eine oft übersehene vestibuläre Erkrankung, die durch einen kompletten Ausfall oder ein inkomplettes Defizit beider Labyrinthe und/oder der Vestibularisnerven charakterisiert ist. Zur Bestätigung der Diagnose dient in erster Linie der Kopfimpulstest nach Halmagyi und das Elektronystagmogramm mit kalorischer Prüfung. Die Diagnostik sollte durch audiologische Untersuchungen, akustischund vestibulär evozierte myogene Potenziale und gegebenenfalls durch spezifische Laborund Liquoruntersuchungen ergänzt werden. Die drei häufigsten Ursachen der BV sind ototoxische Aminoglykoside, Morbus Menière und Meningitis/ Enzephalitis. Bei der Hälfte der Patienten bleibt die Ursache ungeklärt, idiopathische BV. Bei einem Viertel aller BV-Patienten besteht auch ein zerebelläres Syndrom. Bei etwa 30% dieser Subgruppe finden sich zusätzlich Zeichen einer peripheren Polyneuropathie. Diese Symptomtrias könnte für ein bislang nicht bekanntes neurodegeneratives Syndrom sprechen. Bei mehr als 80% der Patienten kommt es im Verlauf der Erkrankung zu keiner signifikanten Besserung der vestibulären Defizite. Daher sind präventive Maßnahmen, eine schnelle Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung sowie intensive Physiotherapie mit Gangund Gleichgewichtstraining essenziell.
Information Hiding using Image Embedding in QR Codes for Color Images : A Review

This paper introduces the concept of QR codes, an automatic method to hide information using QR codes and to embed QR codes into colour images with bounded probability of detection error.The embedding methods are designed to be compatible with standard decoding applications and can be applied to any colour or gray scale image with full area coverage. The embedding method consists of two components. First is the use of halftoning techniques for the selection of modified pixels to break and reduce the coarse square structure of the QR code and second is the luminance level to which the pixels are to be transformed in such a way that it should not visible to naked eye on the colour image. Further to decode the QR code from the color image with minimum errors. Keywords—Quick Response (QR) codes, halftoning.
Stable non-BPS states in string theory

Many string theories contain states which are not BPS, but are stable due to charge conservation. In many cases the description of these states in the strong coupling limit remains unknown despite the existence of a weakly coupled dual theory. However, we show that in some cases duality symmetries in string theory do enable us to identify these states in the strong coupling limit and calculate their masses. We also speculate that in some of the other cases the missing states might arise from non-supersymmetric analog of D0-branes.
Psychotic and non-psychotic perceptions of reality

This paper explores the difference between psychotic and non-psychotic perceptions of reality. It begins by outlining the construction of a conceptual framework in infancy. The core of this enables differentiation between self and object, and internal and external space, underlying a non-psychotic perception of reality. The conceptual framework may be inadequately formed or subjected to internal dismantling, in which case a psychotic perception of reality dominates. Case material from two child psychotherapy patients is presented and linked with Bion’s theories of psychosis to illustrate a shift between non-psychotic and psychotic thinking in the analytic hour. A psychotic perception of reality dominated by unconscious processes, as identified by Freud and developed by Matte Blanco, is explored.
Critical path and area based scheduling of parallel task graphs on heterogeneous platforms

While most parallel task graphs scheduling research has been done in the context of single homogeneous clusters, heterogeneous platforms have become prevalent and are extremely attractive for deploying applications at unprecedented scales. In this paper we address the need for scheduling techniques for parallel task applications for heterogeneous clusters of clusters by proposing a method to adapt existing parallel task graphs scheduling heuristics that have proved to be efficient on homogeneous environments. The contributions of this paper are: (i) a novel "virtual" cluster methodology for handling platform heterogeneity; (ii) a novel task placement step, designed to determine whether the placement step of heuristics for homogeneous platforms is adapted to the heterogeneous case; (iii) an empirical evaluation in a wide range of platform and application scenarios. This study shows that the proposed heuristics achieve better performance than the original when platform are heterogeneous and we discuss a number of trends apparent in our results
Challenges for network aspects of Cognitive Radio

Cognitive Radio is often promoted to be a promising solution for the spectrum scarcity problem. Hence, a lot of research activities in both the civilian and the military world focus on introducing cognitive radio technology into modern networks. Besides the obvious changes in the radio architecture (sensing capability, cognitive engine), this combination of technologies also poses new challenges to existing protocols, like the support for Dynamic Spectrum Access. Moreover, the additionally gathered information about the spectrum environment can also be used to improve the quality of communication. In our paper, we focus on network aspects like Quality of Service or routing and identify challenges regarding their application in a cognitive radio system. We consider architectural features of infrastructure and ad hoc networks, and we analyse their influence on the control channel. The analysis is carried out in terms of specific requirements for military networks.
Does a Global Temperature Exist?

Abstract Physical, mathematical, and observational grounds are employed to show that there is no physically meaningful global temperature for the Earth in the context of the issue of global warming. While it is always possible to construct statistics for any given set of local temperature data, an infinite range of such statistics is mathematically permissible if physical principles provide no explicit basis for choosing among them. Distinct and equally valid statistical rules can and do show opposite trends when applied to the results of computations from physical models and real data in the atmosphere. A given temperature field can be interpreted as both “warming” and “cooling” simultaneously, making the concept of warming in the context of the issue of global warming physically ill-posed.
Determinants for Substrate Specificity of Protein Phosphatase 2A

Protein phosphatase 2A- (PP2A-) catalyzed dephosphorylation of target substrate proteins is widespread and critical for cellular function. PP2A is predominantly found as a heterotrimeric complex of a catalytic subunit (C), a scaffolding subunit (A), and one member of 4 families of regulatory subunits (B). Substrate specificity of the holoenzyme complex is determined by the subcellular locale the complex is confined to, selective incorporation of the B subunit, interactions with endogenous inhibitory proteins, and specific intermolecular interactions between PP2A and target substrates. Here, we discuss recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the molecular determinants for PP2A substrate specificity.
Collaborative Applications for Long-Term Use

Computer applications are designed, used, and assessed by (often unstated) analogy to other tools and devices. When viewed as appliances (e.g., telephones), applications are created and judged according to standards of ease of use and rapid learnability; when viewed, by contrast, as creative media (e.g., musical instruments), standards expressiveness and flexibility become more salient. In designing this second type of application, providing the user with long-term creative power often necessitates an acceptance of various forms of complexity within the application--for example, the application may include a "task-enriched" programming environment; and further, making such an application truly collaborative suggests the inclusion of features and tools that will support users in learning both the application itself (including the programming language) and the domain of the application. This paper elaborates on these observations, discussing the design of collaborative applications for creative, longterm use (and contrasting this design strategy with the dominant current trend in application development). The paper concludes with a brief description of our own efforts in collaborative application design: namely, the programmable design environments currently being prototyped in our laboratory.
Automated logging of mobile phones failures data

The increasing complexity of mobile phones directly affects their reliability, while the user tolerance for failures becomes to decrease, especially when the phone is used for business- or mission-critical applications. Despite these concerns, there is still little understanding on how and why these devices fail and no techniques have been defined to gather useful information about failures manifestation from the phone. This paper presents the design of a logger application to collect failure-related information from mobile phones. Preliminary failure data collected from real-world mobile phones confirm the proposed logger is a useful instrument to gain knowledge about mobile phone failure's dynamics and causes
Word Association Profiles and their Use for Automated Scoring of Essays

We describe a new representation of the content vocabulary of a text we call word association profile that captures the proportions of highly associated, mildly associated, unassociated, and dis-associated pairs of words that co-exist in the given text. We illustrate the shape of the distirbution and observe variation with genre and target audience. We present a study of the relationship between quality of writing and word association profiles. For a set of essays written by college graduates on a number of general topics, we show that the higher scoring essays tend to have higher percentages of both highly associated and dis-associated pairs, and lower percentages of mildly associated pairs of words. Finally, we use word association profiles to improve a system for automated scoring of essays.
Author ' s personal copy 3 D maps localize caudate nucleus atrophy in 400 Alzheimer ’ s disease , mild cognitive impairment , and healthy elderly subjects

MRI research examining structural brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) generally focuses on medial temporal and cortical structures, but amyloid and tau deposits also accumulate in the caudate. Here we mapped the 3D profile of caudate atrophy using a surface mapping approach in subjects with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to identify potential clinical and pathological correlates. 3D surface models of the caudate were automatically extracted from 400 baseline MRI scans (100 AD, 200 MCI, 100 healthy elderly). Compared to controls, caudate volumes were lower in MCI (2.64% left, 4.43% right) and AD (4.74% left, 8.47% right). Caudate atrophy was associated with age, sum-of-boxes and global Clinical Dementia Ratings, Delayed Logical Memory scores, MMSE decline 1 year later, and body mass index. Reduced right (but not left) volume was associated with MCI-to-AD conversion and CSF tau levels. Normal caudate asymmetry (with the right 3.9% larger than left) was lost in AD, suggesting preferential right caudate atrophy. Automated caudate maps may complement other MRI-derived measures of disease burden in AD. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Fibrin Scaffolds Designing in order to Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation to Chondrocytes in the Presence of TGF-β3

Background and Objectives One of the most cellular source used for cartilage tissue engineering are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In present study, human MSCs were used as cellular source. Since scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering the aim of this study is to assess fibrin scaffold ability in chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Methods ADMSCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Also ADMSCs expanded and characterised by flow cytometry. ADMSCs expressed CD44, CD90, CD105 but not CD34. After trypsinization, cells were entered within the fibrin scaffold. Then, chondrogenic medium was added to the scaffold. Seven days after cell culture, cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT test. Finally, 14 days after the ending of chondrogenic differentiation, analysis of chondrogenic genes expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and Real time PCR. Also, formation and development of chondrocyte cells was analysed by histological and immunohistochemistry evaluations. Results Viability and proliferation as well as chondrogenic genes expression within fibrin scaffold increased significantly compared with control group (cells free scaffold). Also, histological and immunohistochemistry evaluation showed that chondrocyte cells and collagen type II are formed on fibrin scaffold. Conclusions Fibrin is a suitable scaffold for chondrogenic differentiation of ADMSCs.
A Portable Lightweight Approach to NFS

Under normal circumstances, NFS provides transparent access to remote le systems. Nevertheless, a failure on a single le server compromises the operation of all clients, and thus various replication schemes have been devised to increase le system availability. The approach described in this paper is lightweight in the sense that it strives to make no changes to the NFS protocol nor to the standard NFS client and server code. Rather, a thin layer is introduced between the clients and the original server daemons, which intercepts all NFS requests and propagates the updates to the replicas. Replication is hidden under a primary-secondary update policy and an improved automounter. If the primary server fails, the automounters elect a new primary and remount the relevant le systems. Secondary server failures remain unnoticed by the clients. A prototype version is operational and preliminary results under the An-drew benchmark are presented. The gures obtained show that while read overhead is negligible, the performance of updates is at present impaired by the naive synchronous multi-server write operation.
Exploring Interrelationships among Project Entities to Support Coordination in Distributed Teams

This paper is geared to start a discussion about what data to preserve and analyze to facilitate collaborative production tasks. We do so by representing interrelationships among different project entities as networks and combining these networks using the concept of Meta Matrix – a methodology for combining individual networks to create derived networks to investigate. For illustration, we present how socio-technical dependencies, task dependencies, and knowledge networks can be constructed using the Meta Matrix. We conclude by showing how we used validated the feasibility of Meta Matrix by presenting Tesseract, a sociotechnical browser that models a subset of individual and derived networks for a software project. It specifically, captures relations between developers, artifacts, and issues/bugs which is then displayed via a set of four juxtaposed, cross-linked displays.