Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring Variable Labels Considering Co-occurrence of Variable Labels in Data Jackets

Data Jacket (DJ) is a technique for sharing information about data and for considering the potential value of datasets, allowing data itself hidden, by describing the summary of data in natural language. In DJs, variables in datasets are described as variable labels (VLs), which is the name/meaning of variables. In the context of data utilization and exchange, the utility of data can be discussed upon the VLs to consider the combination of data stored in different domains. However, due to the lack of VLs in some DJs, DJs essentially related to each other cannot be formed to have linkage through string matching of VLs, which makes it difficult to think of feasible plans of data analyses and combinations. In this paper, we propose a method for inferring VLs in DJs whose VLs are missing or unknown, using the content of the outlines of DJs written in free texts. Specifically, we focus on the co-occurrence of VLs in DJs. The co-occurrence of VLs is a feature that there may be a highly frequent pair of VLs appearing at the same time, e.g., "year" and "day", or "name" and "gender". By focusing on the co-occurrence of VLs and the similarity of the outlines of data in training data of DJs, we demonstrate that our proposed method works significantly better than the method introducing only the similarity of outlines of datasets.
Regional scale relationships between ecosystem structure and functioning: the case of the Patagonian steppes

Aims 1. To characterize ecosystem functioning by focusing on above-ground net primary production (ANPP), and 2. to relate the spatial heterogeneity of both functional and structural attributes of vegetation to environmental factors and landscape structure. We discuss the relationship between vegetation structure and functioning found in Patagonia in terms of the capabilities of remote sensing techniques to monitor and assess desertification. Location Western portion of the Patagonian steppes in Argentina (39 ° 30 ′ S to 45 ° 27 ′ S). Methods We used remotely-sensed data from Landsat TM and AVHRR / NOAA sensors to characterize vegetation structure (physiognomic units) and ecosystem functioning (ANPP and its seasonal and interannual variation). We combined the satellite information with floristic releves and field estimates of ANPP. We built an empirical relationship between the Landsat TM-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and field ANPP. Using stepwise regressions we explored the relationship between ANPP and both environmental variables (precipitation and temperature surrogates) and structural attributes of the landscape (proportion and diversity of different physiognomic classes (PCs)). Results PCs were quite heterogeneous in floristic terms, probably reflecting degradation processes. Regional estimates of ANPP showed differences of one order of magnitude among physiognomic classes. Fifty percent of the spatial variance in ANPP was accounted for by longitude, reflecting the dependency of ANPP on precipitation. The proportion of prairies and semideserts, latitude and, to a lesser extent, the number of PCs within an 8 × 8 km cell accounted for an additional 33% of the ANPP variability. ANPP spatial heterogeneity (calculated from Landsat TM data) within an 8 × 8 km cell was positively associated with the mean AVHRR / NOAA NDVI and with the diversity of physiognomic classes. Main conclusions Our results suggest that the spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem functioning described from ANPP result not only from water availability and thermal conditions but also from landscape structure (proportion and diversity of different PCs). The structural classification performed using remotely-sensed data captured the spatial variability in physiognomy. Such capability will allow the use of spectral classifications to monitor desertification.
The Use of Near-Infrared Spectrometry in the Olive Oil Industry

The enormous possibilities offered by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the (on/in/at-line) quality control process of olive fruits, pastes, and oils are summarized throughout this paper. Special attention has been paid to the combination of NIR and chemometric treatments for the on-line analysis of olive fruits and also for the quality parameters evaluation on olive oils and pastes which can enhance the production of a high quality olive oil and the selection of olive fruit with superior properties. The implementation of NIR sensors in olive mills with successful results has also been reviewed and the commercial olive fruit and oil analyzers highlighted.
Feeder reconfiguration for accommodating distributed generations interconnection

Previous studies have suggested that, with proper planning, distributed generation (DG) could provide system operation and planning benefits such as reduced losses and enhanced reliability. However, the allowable DG interconnection capacity at each site of the existing network is often restricted by fault current level, voltage variation and power flow constraints. An improved feeder reconfiguration technique is proposed in this paper to maximize DG penetration in the distribution network. Tie switch locations in the network are determined based on crude load flow model and minimum voltage deviation criterion in the proposed particle swarm optimization (PSO) solution procedure to improve computational efficiency. A simplified distribution network is used to test the performance of the proposed method and compare with a basic PSO based method. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can efficiently provide suitable feeder structure for loss reduction and accommodating higher DG integrations.
Achievable Rates over Doubly Selective Rician-Fading Channels under Peak-Power Constraint

We derive a lower bound on the capacity of discrete-time Rician-fading channels that are selective both in time and frequency. The noncoherent setting is considered, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows a priori the actual channel realization. Single-input single-output communications subject to both average and peak power constraints are investigated. The lower bound assumes independent and identically distributed input data and is expressed as a difference between two terms. The first term is the information rate of the coherent channel with a weighted signal-to-noise ratio that results from the peak-power limitation. The second term is a penalty term, explicit in the Doppler spectrum of the channel, that captures the effect of the channel uncertainty induced by the noncoherent setting. The impact of channel selectivity and power constraints are discussed, and numerical applications on an experimental Rician channel surveyed in an underwater acoustic environment are also provided.
Molecular Reduced Expression of P 2 Y 1 Receptors in Connexin 43 – Null Mice Alters Calcium Signaling and Migration of Neural Progenitor Cells

Glial calcium signals play important roles during CNS development. Calcium transients induced by ATP, acting on purinergic receptors, stimulate DNA synthesis, increase astrocytic and neural stem cell proliferation, and are prominent during the differentiation of radial glia. We have shown previously that expression of P2Y receptors in astrocytes is altered when connexin43 (Cx43) is downregulated. To evaluate the consequences of Cx43 deletion on calcium signaling during neural progenitor development, studies were performed on neurospheres derived from embryonic striatum. After adhesion, cells migrating from wild-type (WT) and Cx43–null neurospheres displayed spontaneous calcium oscillations. Such activity was blunted by apyrase, 2 -deoxy-N-methyladenosine 3 ,5 -bisphosphate (MRS-2179), and suramin, suggesting that ATP released by neural cells acts on purinergic receptors to induce calcium oscillations. The amplitudes of Ca 2 transients induced by P2Y but not P2X receptor agonists were larger in WT than in Cx43–null progenitors, suggesting that these two cell populations express different P2 receptors. Suramin, a nonselective P2 receptor antagonist, and MRS-2179, a P2Y1 receptor-selective antagonist, reduced the proliferation rate and the migration of WT progenitor cells to levels similar to those of Cx43–null cells. Conversely, exogenous expression of P2Y1 receptors in Cx43–null cells restored their migration pattern to levels seen in WT progenitors. However, treatment with P2 receptor antagonists did not alter the ratio of nestin to GFAP expression in WT neural progenitors. These data show that altered autocrine–paracrine communication attributable to reduced levels of P2Y1 receptors in neural progenitor cells lacking Cx43 affects proliferation and migration but not cell differentiation during early CNS development.
Teacher's performance evaluation tool using opinion mining with sentiment analysis

The research aims to develop a teacher's performance evaluation tool using opinion mining with sentiment analysis. The study may help to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the faculty members based on the positive and negative feedback of the students either in English or in Filipino language. The proposed system provides the sentiment score from the qualitative data and numerical response rating from the quantitative data of teachers evaluation. It will also graphically represent the evaluation result including the percentage of positive and negative feedback of the students. Thus, the school administrators and educators will be more aware about the sentiments and concerns of the students.
Fingerprint Orientation Refinement through Iterative Smoothing

We propose a new gradient-based method for the extraction of the orientation field associated to a fingerprint, and a regularisation procedure to improve the orientation field computed from noisy fingerprint images. The regularisation algorithm is based on three new integral operators, introduced and discussed in this paper. A pre-processing technique is also proposed to achieve better performances of the algorithm. The results of a numerical experiment are reported to give an evidence of the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Computing Approximate Solutions for Conic Systems of Constraints

Traditional complexity analysis for interior-point methods is derived for algorithms terminating with an exact solution. However, in practice one might want to limit computation time, especially if backward and/or forward-approximate solutions for the problem of interest can be obtained. We propose a way to reformulate a conic system of constraints as an optimization problem. When an appropriate interior-point method (ipm) is applied to the reformulation, the ipm iterates yield backward-approximate solutions, that is, solutions for nearby conic systems. In addition, once the ipm passes a certain threshold, the ipm iterates yield forward-approximate solutions, that is, points close to an exact solution of the original conic system. The threshold is proportional the distance to ill-posedness of the original conic system. The condition numbers of the linear equations encountered when applying an ipm innuences the computational cost at each iteration. In our reformulation, such condition numbers are initially small and subsequently grow in a controlled manner with the number of ipm iterations. Moreover, all of the condition numbers are bounded by a multiple of the reciprocal of the distance from the original conic system to ill-posedness. Thus, only well-conditioned linear equations are encountered both in computing backward-approximate solutions to poorly-conditioned conic systems 1 and in computing forward-approximate solutions to well-conditioned conic systems.
Add language documentation to any ethnographic project in six steps

All anthropologists should take to heart Dell Hymes' frequent quip: ‘Language is too important to leave to linguists and linguistics is too valuable to ignore’. This century will see the disappearance of hundreds of languages and a significant reduction in the use of thousands of others, at the very least. Documenting endangered ways of speaking (in any language) is part of producing sophisticated and ethically robust anthropology. Most indigenous communities want their knowledge documented and many are enthusiastic about collaborative projects with anthropologists. Producing language documentation has never been easier with the recent proliferation of computer software and inexpensive quality audio equipment. Collaborative anthropology need not eclipse theory-driven anthropology or divert junior scholars from the production of PhD dissertations and journal articles critical for professional advancement. This article provides anthropologists with a six-step programme to add a language documentation element to their current ethnographic research practices. Documentary linguists preach to their colleagues that people speak in a context, and this context needs attention. Anthropologists know that, of course, but they need to be reminded of the importance of form in expression and the documentation of specific, original forms leads to a richer and deeper anthropology. It is also a vital part of ethical research practices, good relations with source communities, and an easy way to make a significant impact now and forever. A small investment in time and money produces anthropology that makes a difference in people's lives.
About the Language of Hungarian Discharge Reports

Concerning use of terminological systems translated to any particular language or computer assisted translation of patient records the daily medical language has to be taken into account rather than the pure academic language. The aim of this study to investigate the language of the diagnosis of the Hungarian hospital discharge reports. Word of collection of discharge diagnoses were categorised according to the language and form (normal words, abbreviations, acronyms). It was found that Latin is still a dominant, but the language is rather a mixture, where local jargon, non standardised abbreviations occur frequently. Some signs show, that discharge reports are not used primarily as a tool of communication of physicians, rather serve local administrative purposes.
Why Outsource Domestic Tasks?: Analysis of the Unequal Logic Behind Demand in France

For twenty years, the number of domestic jobs has been considered to be increasing in many countries. Several studies have highlighted the bad quality of these jobs, characterised by a high level of inequality between employers and employees. Other studies have looked at the other side of the market, focusing on the demand factors supporting the choice of outsourcing domestic tasks. These documents have made evident the importance of gender, race and class inequalities. Through the study of French data, this article aims to present three different ways to understand these inequalities: the first is based on a principle of specialization, while the second gives the spotlight to negotiation within the household. The third approach is based on the willingness to delegate menial tasks. Each of these motivations involves specific inequalities which are obstacles to the improvement of domestic job quality.
Regional cooling for reducing brain temperature and intracranial pressure.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of regional cooling for reducing brain temperature (BrTe) and intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients where conventional clinical treatment has failed. METHOD Regional cooling was carried out using ice bags covering the area of the craniectomy (regional method) in 23 patients. The BrTe and ICP were determined using a fiber optic sensor. Thirteen patients (56.52%) were female. The ages ranged from 16 to 83 years (mean of 48.9). The mean APACHE II score was 25 points (11-35). The patients were submitted, on mean, to 61.7 hours (20-96) of regional cooling. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in mean BrTe (p<0.0001--from 37.1 degrees C to 35.2 degrees C) and mean ICP (p=0.0001--from 28 mmHg to 13 mmHg). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that mild brain hypothermia induced by regional cooling was effective in the control of ICP in patients who had previously undergone decompressive craniectomy.
Fine-Grain and Multiprogramming-Conscious Nanothreading with the Solaris Operating System

This paper presents the architectural and implementation details of a nanothreading runtime system on top of the Solaris operating system. A nanothreading runtime system addresses jointly three major performance issues; exploitation of fine-grain parallelism, efficient execution of arbitrarily nested task and data parallelism and scalability of multithreaded programs in multiprogrammed shared-memory multiprocessors. The nanothreads runtime system in Solaris is implemented as a highly customized, thin threading layer on top of Solaris threads and exploits effectively the Solaris kernel support for scheduler activations. Nanothreads are implemented with aggressive optimizations and several critical paths in the runtime system are either reduced or eliminated to make the common case fast. Solaris scheduler activations provide a fast communication path between the nanothreads runtime system and the Solaris kernel, which along with non-blocking synchronization enable the scalability of nanothreaded binaries in a multiprogrammed environment. Preliminary results on a small-scale Sun Enterprise Server indicate that the nanothreading runtime system meets its three major goals and complements effectively the native Solaris multithreading infrastructure with efficient mechanisms for parallel execution.
Mining Crowdsourcing Photos for Recognizing Landmark Areas

To solve the problem of automatically drawing landmark areas for nice vista points, in this paper, photos metadata of popular urban landmarks or natural landscapes are collected and extracted from Flickr and Google Map. The Landmark Area Recognition System (LARS) is proposed to efficiently recognize astonishing regions of landmarks for exploring nice visiting and photographic POIs (Point of Interests) of these landmarks. Based on crowdsourcing photos and tags obtained from social networks, LARS implements LBSE (Location-Based Search Engine) for searching near objects efficiently. Next, DBCGM (Density-Based Clustering with Greedy Method) is proposed to cluster the landmark photos into regions. Based on crowdsourcing verifications on the photo-landmark relevance, the data set for experiments were collected for experimental evaluations. The result shows that DBCGM outperforms other density-based clustering methods. Finally, LARS employs the Concave Hull algorithm to draw the landmark area on Google Map as the demonstration of LARS applications.
Segregated and Integrated Occupations: A New Approach to Analysing Social Change

Malgres l'apparition en Angleterre au debut des annees 1970 d'une legislation visant l'egalite des opportunites, le declin attendu de la segregation professionnelle est demeure tres faible. L'A. considere l'explication qui pose que ce phenomene est la somme de deux tendances opposees qui se neutralisent : le declin du degre de segregation professionnelle parmi la force de travail a temps-plein a ete cachee par l'impact du haut degre de segregation professionnelle au sein de la force de travail (en expansion rapide) a temps-partiel qui est presque essentiellement feminine. L'A. evalue les limites du Dissimilarity Index et du Sex Ratio Index pour expliquer la segregation porfessionnelle dans le temps, suivant les groupes sociaux et selon les pays et propose une nouvelle approche du phenomene.
Security risks evaluation toolbox for smart grid devices

Numerous smart devices are deployed in smart grid for state measurement, decision-making and remote control. The security issues of smart devices attract more and more attention. In our work, the communication protocol, storage mechanism and authentication of smart devices are analyzed and a toolbox is developed to evaluate the security risks of smart devices. In this demo, our toolbox is applied to scan 3 smart meters/power monitor systems. A potential risk list is generated and the vulnerabilities are further verified.
Ghrelin enhances gastric motility through direct stimulation of intrinsic neural pathways and capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones in rats

Background: Ghrelin may stimulate gastric motility via the vagal nerve pathway. However, the mechanism of ghrelin-induced changes in gastrointestinal motility has not yet been clearly defined. The present study was designed to investigate whether ghrelin accelerates gastric emptying via capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones and directly affects the enteric neuromuscular function. Methods: Gastric emptying of nutrient solids was assessed after intravenous administration of saline or ghrelin in conscious rats. The effects of ghrelin on gastric emptying were also examined in rats pretreated with capsaicin. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit of non-caloric liquids were evaluated using [Formula: See Text]Cr solution. The effects of ghrelin on spontaneous contractile activities of isolated strips from stomach and jejunum were also investigated and the influence of ghrelin on motor responses to carbachol and electrical field stimulation was examined. Results: Ghrelin significantly accelerated gastric emptying of both nutrient solids and non-caloric liquids in conscious rats. The intestinal transit of non-caloric liquids was also enhanced by ghrelin. Pretreatment with capsaicin prevented the ghrelin-induced acceleration of gastric emptying of nutrient solids. Ghrelin did not modulate spontaneous and carbachol-induced contractions of strips of gastric body, gastric antrum and jejunum. However, electrical field stimulation-induced contractions were significantly enhanced by ghrelin in the gastric body. Conclusions: The results suggest that the stimulatory effects of ghrelin on gastric motility are mediated by direct stimulation of the enteric neural pathway and capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones.
On the Dynamic Manipulation of Classes of Service for XML Web Services

Classes of service are a mechanism for differentiation of service and quality of service (QoS) that incurs less overhead than custom-made Service Level Agreements (SLAs), user profiles, and other alternatives. For their formal representation for XML (Extensible Markup Language) Web Services, we have developed the Web Service Offerings Language (WSOL). A service offering in WSOL is a formal description of one class of service of a Web Service. It contains various constraints (functional, QoS, access rights), management statements (e.g., prices, monetary penalties, and management responsibilities), and reusability constructs (determining static relationships between service offerings). One Web Service can be associated with multiple service offerings. Dynamic (i.e., run-time) relationships between service offerings are specified outside WSOL service offerings, in a special format. In addition to the WSOL language, we are developing the Web Service Offerings Infrastructure (WSOI) that addresses monitoring and accounting of WSOL service offerings and dynamic adaptation of Web Service compositions using manipulation of service offerings. Five mechanisms for the dynamic manipulation of service offerings are explored: switching (initiated by the consumer or the provider Web Service), deactivation, reactivation, deletion, and creation of service offerings. WSOL relationships between service offerings are particularly useful for these mechanisms. From analytical studies and practical experiments with dynamic adaptation scenarios involving WSOL and alternative approaches, we conclude that manipulation of classes of service is simpler and faster than recomposition of Web Services and re-negotiation of SLAs. While it has limitations, it can be a useful additional lightweight dynamic adaptation approach.