Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Attentional Patterns for Regret and Disappointment: An Eye‐tracking Study

Abstract The unfavorable comparison between the obtained and expected outcomes of our choices may elicit disappointment. When the comparison is made with the outcome of alternative actions, emotions like regret can serve as a learning signal. Previous work showed that both anticipated disappointment and regret influence decisions. In addition, experienced regret is associated with higher emotional responses than disappointment. Yet it is not clear whether this amplification is due to additive effects of disappointment and regret when the outcomes of alternative actions are available, or whether it reflects the learning feature of regret signals. In this perspective, we used eye‐tracking to measure the visual pattern of information acquisition in a probabilistic lottery task. In the partial feedback condition, only the outcome of the chosen lottery was revealed, while in the complete feedback condition, participants could compare their outcome with that of the non‐chosen lottery, giving them the opportunity to experience regret. During the decision phase, visual patterns of information acquisition were consistent with the assessment of anticipated regret, in addition to a clear assessment of lotteries' expected values. During the feedback phase, subjective ratings and eye‐tracking results confirmed that participants compared their outcome with the outcome of the non‐chosen lottery in the complete feedback condition, particularly after a loss, and ignored the non‐realized outcome of the chosen option. Moreover, participants who made more visual saccades consistent with counterfactual comparisons during the feedback period anticipated regret more in their decisions. These results are consistent with the proposed adaptive function of regret. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Modulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Neuropeptide Y, Glutamate, and Substance P in Ganglia and Brain Areas Involved in Cardiovascular Control after Chronic Exposure to Nicotine

Considering that nicotine instantly interacts with central and peripheral nervous systems promoting cardiovascular effects after tobacco smoking, we evaluated the modulation of glutamate, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and substance P (SP) in nodose/petrosal and superior cervical ganglia, as well as TH and NPY in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 8 weeks of nicotine exposure. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization data demonstrated increased expression of TH in brain and ganglia related to blood pressure control, preferentially in SHR, after nicotine exposure. The alkaloid also increased NPY immunoreactivity in ganglia, NTS, and PVN of SHR, in spite of decreasing its receptor (NPY1R) binding in NTS of both strains. Nicotine increased SP and glutamate in ganglia. In summary, nicotine positively modulated the studied variables in ganglia while its central effects were mainly constrained to SHR.
Sensitivity Analysis Of Amplitude Variation With Offset (Avo) In Fractured Media

The variation in seismic P to P reflection amplitude with offset (AVO) caused by a system of fractures embedded in an isotropic background is investigated. Additionally. a sensitivity analysis of AVO parameters with respect to the fracture system parameters is made. The fracture system is assumed to be aligned vertically or horizontally and can be gas filled or fluid filled. Elastic constants are calculated by using formulations of Schoenberg (1988). From the elastic constants, the reflection amplitude as a function of angle is calculated using equations from Ruger (1997). Theoretical results for a single interface between fractured and unfractured media, both with and without lit.hology change, show opportunities for ext.ract. ion of crack density information from seismic Pwave dat.a collected in fractured geothermal or hydrocarbon reservoirs. For vertically oriented fract.ures, wide angle data (> 30°) is crucial for the estimat.ion of fractur,' parameters. INTRODUCTION The behavior of seismic P to P reflection amplitude versus offset (AVO) has been extrllsively studied in the petroleum industry for its usefulness as a hydrocarboll indicator. Laboratory and theoretical research has shown that t.he behavior of seismic P to P reflect.ion amplitudes is anomalous when gas is present in the pore spaces of porous rocks. This result is obtained theoretically by combining the Gassman (1951) equation for bulk compressibilit.y with the Zoeppritz (1919) equations, which predict reflection amplitudes caused by the velocity and density contrasts. The Gassman equations are not readily applicable t.o non-porous rocks, however. There has been less research specifically aimed 4-1
Cognitive Motor Coordination Training and the Improvement of Visual‐Spatial Cognition in Office Work

It has been shown that motor coordination training can enhance performance in spatial cognition tasks. This was investigated in an applied setting. Twenty&#8208;eight office workers attended either cognitive motor coordination training or core&#8208;stability training for one hour every week for six weeks. Before and after training, mental rotation and spatial visualization as well as cognitive processing speed were measured. Results showed a significant improvement in both spatial tasks after the cognitive motor coordination training but not in the general cognitive measurement. Core&#8208;stability training did not impact either of these dependent variables. It is concluded that motor coordination training can be a useful supplement for working environments where spatial cognition is essential, such as architecture or surgery.
Learning long term face aging patterns from partially dense aging databases

Studies on face aging are handicapped by lack of long term dense aging sequences for model training. To handle this problem, we propose a new face aging model, which learns long term face aging patterns from partially dense aging databases. The learning strategy is based on two assumptions: (i) short term face aging pattern is relatively simple and is possible to be learned from currently available databases; (ii) long term face aging is a continuous and smooth Markov process. Adopting a compositional face representation, our aging algorithm learns a function-based short term aging model from real aging sequences to infer facial parameters within a short age span. Based on the predefined smoothness criteria between two overlapping short term aging patterns, we concatenate these learned short term aging patterns to build the long term aging patterns. Both the subjective assessment and objective evaluations of synthetic aging sequences validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Practical Approximations of Steiner Trees in Uniform Orientation Metrics

The Steiner minimum tree problem, which asks for a minimum-length interconnection of a given set of terminals in the plane, is one of the fundamental problems in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) physical design. Although advances in VLSI manufacturing technologies have introduced additional routing objectives, minimum length continues to be the primary objective when routing non-critical nets, since the minimum-length interconnection has minimum total capacitance and occupies minimum amount of area. To simplify design and manufacturing, VLSI interconnect is restricted to a small number of orientations defining the so called interconnect architecture. Until recently, designers have relied almost exclusively on the Manhattan interconnect architecture, which allows interconnect routing along two orthogonal directions. However, non-Manhattan interconnect architectures – such as the Y-architecture, which allows 0, 120, and 240 oriented wires, and the X-architecture, which allows 45 diagonal wires in addition to the traditional horizontal and vertical orientations – are becoming increasingly attractive due to the significant potential for reducing interconnect length (see, e.g., [4, 5, 16, 22, 24, 25, 27]). A common generalization of interconnect architectures of interest in VLSI design is that of uniform orientation metric, or λ-geometry, in which routing is allowed only along λ ≥ 2 orientations forming consecutive angles of π/λ. The Manhattan, Y-, and X-architectures correspond to λ = 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
Analogs of Wiener's ergodic theorems for semisimple Lie groups. II

Let G be a connected finite-center simple Lie group of real rank one, and let K be a maximal compact subgroup of G. Let A = {at I t C R} be a 1-parameter subgroup of hyperbolic translations such that G = KA+K is a Cartan decomposition. Denote by ot the probability measure on G given by ot = mK * 6at * MK, where MK is the normalized Haar measure on K. Let It denote the probablity measure with density vol(Bt)>1XB,(g), where Bt = {g: d(gK, K) < t} and d denotes the canonical G-invariant Riemannian metric on G/K. Let (X, B, A) be a standard Borel probability space on which G acts measurably and ergodically by measure preserving transformations. Let 7r: G -* Iso(LP(X)) be the associated isometric representation, and let 7r(ut) and 7r(! 3t) denote the operators canonically associated with Ct and It. Let n(G) = dimR G/K. We prove maximal and pointwise ergodic theorems for the ball averages It on simple real-rank one Lie groups which are analogous to N. Wiener's maximal and pointwise ergodic theorems for ball averages on in. (The general case of ball averages on semisimple groups is completed in [M-N-S].) Our main result is the following:
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Dorsal Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons: Distinctive Sufficiency for Hippocampus-Dependent and Amygdala-Dependent Synaptic and Behavioral Functions

A major goal in current neuroscience is to understand the causal links connecting protein functions, neural activity, and behavior. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor is expressed in different neuronal subpopulations, and is engaged in fine-tuning excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Studies using conditional knock-out mice revealed necessary roles of CB1 receptor expressed in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons in synaptic plasticity and behavior, but whether this expression is also sufficient for brain functions is still to be determined. We applied a genetic strategy to reconstitute full wild-type CB1 receptor functions exclusively in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons and investigated endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic processes and behavior. Using this approach, we partly restored the phenotype of global CB1 receptor deletion in anxiety-like behaviors and fully restored hippocampus-dependent neuroprotection from chemically induced epileptiform seizures. These features coincided with a rescued hippocampal depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE), a CB1 receptor-dependent form of synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic neurons. By comparison, the rescue of the CB1 receptor on dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons prolonged the time course of DSE in the amygdala, and impaired fear extinction in auditory fear conditioning. These data reveal that CB1 receptor in dorsal telencephalic glutamatergic neurons plays a sufficient role to control neuronal functions that are in large part hippocampus-dependent, while it is insufficient for proper amygdala functions, suggesting an unexpectedly complex circuit regulation by endocannabinoid signaling in the amygdala. Our data pave the way to a better understanding of neuronal networks in the context of behavior, by fine-tuned interference with synaptic transmission processes.
Estimation of multiple transmission rates for epidemics in heterogeneous populations

One of the principal challenges in epidemiological modeling is to parameterize models with realistic estimates for transmission rates in order to analyze strategies for control and to predict disease outcomes. Using a combination of replicated experiments, Bayesian statistical inference, and stochastic modeling, we introduce and illustrate a strategy to estimate transmission parameters for the spread of infection through a two-phase mosaic, comprising favorable and unfavorable hosts. We focus on epidemics with local dispersal and formulate a spatially explicit, stochastic set of transition probabilities using a percolation paradigm for a susceptible–infected (S–I) epidemiological model. The S–I percolation model is further generalized to allow for multiple sources of infection including external inoculum and host-to-host infection. We fit the model using Bayesian inference and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to successive snapshots of damping-off disease spreading through replicated plant populations that differ in relative proportions of favorable and unfavorable hosts and with time-varying rates of transmission. Epidemiologically plausible parametric forms for these transmission rates are compared by using the deviance information criterion. Our results show that there are four transmission rates for a two-phase system, corresponding to each combination of infected donor and susceptible recipient. Knowing the number and magnitudes of the transmission rates allows the dominant pathways for transmission in a heterogeneous population to be identified. Finally, we show how failure to allow for multiple transmission rates can overestimate or underestimate the rate of spread of epidemics in heterogeneous environments, which could lead to marked failure or inefficiency of control strategies.
Mortality associated with bone fractures in COPD patients

Background and objective COPD is well known to frequently coexist with osteoporosis. Bone fractures often occur and may affect mortality in COPD patients. However, in-hospital mortality related to bone fractures in COPD patients has been poorly studied. This retrospective study investigated in-hospital mortality of COPD patients with bone fractures using a national inpatient database in Japan. Methods Data of COPD patients admitted with bone fractures, including hip, vertebra, shoulder, and forearm fractures to 1,165 hospitals in Japan between July 2010 and March 2013, were extracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. The clinical characteristics and mortalities of the patients were determined. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was also performed to determine the factors associated with in-hospital mortality of COPD patients with hip fractures. Results Among 5,975 eligible patients, those with hip fractures (n=4,059) were older, had lower body mass index (BMI), and had poorer general condition than those with vertebral (n=1,477), shoulder (n=281), or forearm (n=158) fractures. In-hospital mortality was 7.4%, 5.2%, 3.9%, and 1.3%, respectively. Among the hip fracture group, surgical treatment was significantly associated with lower mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.56) after adjustment for patient backgrounds. Higher in-hospital mortality was associated with male sex, lower BMI, lower level of consciousness, and having several comorbidities, including pneumonia, lung cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic liver disease, and chronic renal failure. Conclusion COPD patients with hip fractures had higher mortality than COPD patients with other types of fracture. Surgery for hip fracture was associated with lower mortality than conservative treatment.
Habitat-specific shaping of proliferation and neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal neurogenesis of wild rodents

Daily life of wild mammals is characterized by a multitude of attractive and aversive stimuli. The hippocampus processes complex polymodal information associated with such stimuli and mediates adequate behavioral responses. How newly generated hippocampal neurons in wild animals contribute to hippocampal function is still a subject of debate. Here, we test the relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and habitat types. To this end, we compare wild Muridae species of southern Africa [Namaqua rock mouse (Micaelamys namaquensis), red veld rat (Aethomys chrysophilus), highveld gerbil (Tatera brantsii), and spiny mouse (Acomys spinosissimus)] with data from wild European Muridae [long-tailed wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), pygmy field mice (Apodemus microps), yellow-necked wood mice (Apodemus flavicollis), and house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)] from previous studies. The pattern of neurogenesis, expressed in normalized numbers of Ki67- and Doublecortin(DCX)-positive cells to total granule cells (GCs), is similar for the species from a southern African habitat. However, we found low proliferation, but high neuronal differentiation in rodents from the southern African habitat compared to rodents from the European environment. Within the African rodents, we observe additional regulatory and morphological traits in the hippocampus. Namaqua rock mice with previous pregnancies showed lower AHN compared to males and nulliparous females. The phylogenetically closely related species (Namaqua rock mouse and red veld rat) show a CA4, which is not usually observed in murine rodents. The specific features of the southern environment that may be associated with the high number of young neurons in African rodents still remain to be elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that a habitat can shape adult neurogenesis in rodents across phylogenetic groups.
Interactive projection

Projectors are becoming very compact, and this is driving an evolution in their functionality. The handheld projector in this work is capable of stabilized projection under hand-jitter, and allows the user to interact with projected information. The ideas anticipate current handheld devices, such as cellphones and PDAs, being augmented with projectors to supplement or even replace the built-in screen with a larger, projected display. The method of interacting with a projection demonstrates a new medium for WIMP functionality. The work goes further still in showing how handheld projection supports a new type of interaction for multiple users, who can share a pooled display in which individual projections are intelligently combined.
Applying High Performance Computing to Transmission-Constrained Stochastic Unit Commitment for Renewable Energy Integration

We present a parallel implementation of Lagrangian relaxation for solving stochastic unit commitment subject to uncertainty in renewable power supply and generator and transmission line failures. We describe a scenario selection algorithm inspired by importance sampling in order to formulate the stochastic unit commitment problem and validate its performance by comparing it to a stochastic formulation with a very large number of scenarios, that we are able to solve through parallelization. We examine the impact of narrowing the duality gap on the performance of stochastic unit commitment and compare it to the impact of increasing the number of scenarios in the model. We report results on the running time of the model and discuss the applicability of the method in an operational setting.
In vitro functional characterization of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 during chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation

Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) has been implicated an essential role during bone repair, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Bone repair healing is known to include processes similar to endochondral ossification. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of Cox-2 on Col10a1 expression and chondrocyte hypertrophy, two critical components of endochondral ossification. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we detected increased mRNA levels of Cox-2 and Col10a1 in hypertrophic MCT cells, while cells treated with Cox-2 inhibitor, NS398, showed decreased mRNA and protein levels of Cox-2 and Col10a1. Increased Cox-2 also correlated with significantly upregulated Col10a1 in hypertrophic ATDC5 cells, whereas inhibition of Cox-2 significantly decreased Col10a1 expression. We further generated a Cox-2-expressing ATDC5 stable cell line. Compared with the controls, Cox-2 over-expression significantly increased Col10a1 as early as day 7 of continuous culturing, but not at days 14 and 21. Enhanced Alp staining was also observed in day 7 stable cell line. Correspondingly, we detected significantly increased levels of Runx2, Alp, Bcl-2, Bax, Col1a1, Osterix, and Bsp in day 7 stable line. Most of these genes have been associated with chondrocyte maturation and apoptosis. Together, our results support that Cox-2 promotes Col10a1 expression and chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro, possibly through upregulation of Runx2 and other relevant transcription factors.
Problem based learning in continuing medical education: a review of controlled evaluation studies

Reviews of undergraduate medical education cautiously support the short term and long term outcomes of problem based learning compared with traditional learning. The effectiveness of problem based learning in continuing medical education, however, has not been reviewed. This review of controlled evaluation studies found limited evidence that problem based learning in continuing medical education increased participants' knowledge and performance and patients' health. There was moderate evidence that doctors are more satisfied with problem based learning.
Thermal Analysis of Modular-Spoke-Type Permanent-Magnet Machines Based on Thermal Network and FEA Method

Modular-spoke-type permanent-magnet (MSTPM) machines are novel in-wheel traction machines for electric vehicles (EVs). Considering the strict constraints including the mass and volume of electric machines in EVs, which are heavily dependent on the dissipation condition, an accurate thermal model and resultant temperature distribution analysis are key challenges. Therefore, in this paper, a lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) model for thermal analysis of MSTPM machines is proposed, where the heat transfer coefficients are determined theoretically instead of empirically, which means that the proposed LPTN model can be applicable for the MSTPM machines with different specifications and parameters. Both the steady-state and transient-state temperature rises are analyzed by the LPTN model, and the results are verified by both 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) predictions and experiments, indicating that the proposed method has advantages in both computational efficiency and accuracy.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) Channel and Neurogenic Inflammation in Pathogenesis of Asthma

Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and it affects 300 million people worldwide. However, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie asthma remains limited. Recent studies have suggested that transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), one of the transient receptor potential cation channels, may be involved in airway inflammation in asthma. The present review discusses the relationship between TRPA1 and neurogenic inflammation in asthma, hoping to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of airway inflammation in asthma.
Lymphoma of the Cervix

Primary non-Hodgkins lymphoma of the uterine cervix is a very rare diagnosis. A 54-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of postmenopausal bleeding per vaginum. On examination, a friable, fungating lesion was seen on the cervix. Histology revealed a CD 20 positive high-grade non-Hodgkin's diffuse large B cell lymphoma from cervical biopsies and endometrial curettage. She was diagnosed as stage IE after workup and subsequently treated with six cycles of R-CHOP chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy of the involved field.