Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influencing circadian and sleep–wake regulation for prevention and intervention in mood and anxiety disorders: what makes a good homeostat?

All living organisms depend on homeostasis, the complex set of interacting metabolic chemical reactions for maintaining life and well‐being. This is no less true for psychiatric well‐being than for physical well‐being. Indeed, a focus on homeostasis forces us to see how inextricably linked mental and physical well‐being are. This paper focuses on these linkages. In particular, it addresses the ways in which understanding of disturbed homeostasis may aid in creating classes of patients with mood and anxiety disorders based on such phenotypes. At the cellular level, we may be able to compensate for the inability to study living brain tissue through the study of homeostatic mechanisms in fibroblasts, pluripotent human cells, and mitochondria and determine how homeostasis is disturbed at the level of these peripheral tissues through exogenous stress. We also emphasize the remarkable opportunities for enhancing knowledge in this area that are offered by advances in technology. The study of human behavior, especially when combined with our greatly improved capacity to study unique but isolated populations, offers particularly clear windows into the relationships among genetic, environmental, and behavioral contributions to homeostasis.
HIV‐1 p55‐gag protein induces senescence of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and reduces their capacity to support expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection often present with hematopoietic failure. As the important hematopoietic support cells in the bone marrow (BM), the BM mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be impacted by HIV proteins that are released by infected cells within BM. In this study, we tested whether HIV protein p55‐gag could induce senescence of BMSCs and reduce their capacity to support expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro. BMSCs were chronically treated with p55‐gag (BMSCgag) for up to 20 days, and their proliferative activity and senescence makers were compared to nontreated cells (BMSCcon). Then, we analyzed the hematopoietic support function of BMSCcon and BMSCgag by determining cellular proliferation, colony‐forming ability, and primitive hematopoietic populations of hematopoietic progenitors grown on the BMSCs. In addition, we compared the gene expression patterns for supporting hematopoiesis of BMSCcon and BMSCgag. The results show that when compared to BMSCcon, BMSCgag reduced their proliferative activity and underwent senescence. The ability of BMSCgag to support the expansion of committed hematopoietic progenitors from umbilical cord blood‐derived CD34+cells may be impaired, while the expression of genes associated with maintaining and enhancing hematopoiesis appeared to be decreased in treated BMSCs compared to control BMSCs. In conclusion, senescence induced by p55‐gag resulted in decreased hematopoietic support function of BMSCs through reducing a series of hematopoietic cytokine expression.
Decoupling Translation Lookaside Buffer Coherence from Cache Coherence

Many multicore and manycore architectures support hardware cache coherence. However, most of them rely on software techniques to maintain Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) coherence, namely the TLB shootdown routine, which is a costly procedure, known to be hardly scalable.The TSAR architecture is a manycore architecture including hardware TLB coherence, but in which the TLB coherence mechanism is tightly coupled to the cache coherence protocol, resulting in useless TLB invalidations. We propose to improve this existing TLB coherence scheme by adding a hardware module which allows separating data from metadata for cache lines containing address translation. This allows to eliminate the need to invalidate TLB entries when a line containing a translation is evicted from the L1 cache.Our solution does not modify the cache coherence protocol, does not increase the critical path in the L1 cache, and even results in little memory savings. Performance results show that our solution allows to eliminate from 90% to 95% of TLB scans operations, and from 50% to 80% of TLB flushes. This in turn results in an overall performance improvement of 5% to 20% of execution times on a 16-core architecture.
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND The cardiovascular effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue, when added to standard care in patients with type 2 diabetes, remains unknown. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk to receive liraglutide or placebo. The primary composite outcome in the time-to-event analysis was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The primary hypothesis was that liraglutide would be noninferior to placebo with regard to the primary outcome, with a margin of 1.30 for the upper boundary of the 95% confidence interval of the hazard ratio. No adjustments for multiplicity were performed for the prespecified exploratory outcomes. RESULTS A total of 9340 patients underwent randomization. The median follow-up was 3.8 years. The primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the liraglutide group (608 of 4668 patients [13.0%]) than in the placebo group (694 of 4672 [14.9%]) (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 0.97; P<0.001 for noninferiority; P=0.01 for superiority). Fewer patients died from cardiovascular causes in the liraglutide group (219 patients [4.7%]) than in the placebo group (278 [6.0%]) (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.93; P=0.007). The rate of death from any cause was lower in the liraglutide group (381 patients [8.2%]) than in the placebo group (447 [9.6%]) (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97; P=0.02). The rates of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure were nonsignificantly lower in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group. The most common adverse events leading to the discontinuation of liraglutide were gastrointestinal events. The incidence of pancreatitis was nonsignificantly lower in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In the time-to-event analysis, the rate of the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was lower with liraglutide than with placebo. (Funded by Novo Nordisk and the National Institutes of Health; LEADER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01179048.).
Endodontic treatment of a maxillary first premolar with three roots a case report

The purpose of this paper was to report the possibility for successful endodontic treatment of a complex case of maxillary . first premolar with three roots and three canals. Radiographic interpretation and correct access cavity preparation were performed. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal followed by cold lateral gutta percha condensation was accomplished. The present report emphasizes the knowledge ofanatomical variations, clinical and radiographic interpretations in maxillary first premolar.
Error compensation in atomic force microscope scanned images

The design of a multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) model predictive control (MPC) framework for reducing errors in images scanned by an atomic force microscope (AFM) is presented. To improve the damping capability of the proposed control framework, it is augmented with a damping compensator. The MIMO form of this control framework compensates the tilted natures of the scanned images by compensating the cross-coupling effect while its augmented damping compensator reduces the vibration effect by improving damping in the resonant mode of the AFM's piezoelectric tube scanner. Experimental results using the existing AFM proportional–integral controller and single-input–single-output MPC are also presented to show the effectiveness of the MIMO MPC controller. This Letter is an extension of an authors’ earlier published work.
Content Centric Peer Data Sharing in Pervasive Edge Computing Environments

The proliferation and daily congregation of modern mobile devices have created abundant opportunities for peer edge devices to share valuable data with each other. The short contact durations, relatively small sharing sizes, and uncertain data availability, demand agile, light weight peer based data sharing. In this paper, we propose Peer Data Sharing (PDS) that enables edge devices to discover which data exist in nearby peers, and retrieve interested data robustly and efficiently. PDS uses novel lingering queries, mixedcast and en-route message rewriting techniques to minimize redundant transmissions and maximize opportunistic overhearing thus caching in data discovery and retrieval. Extensive evaluations based on an Android prototype show that PDS discovers and retrieves almost 100% data in tens of seconds, and remains robust despite wireless contention, simultaneous consumer requests and user mobility.
Learning a Fast Bipartite Ranker for Text Documents Using Lexicographical Rankers and ROC Curves

The design of powerful learning methods for addressing huge amounts of unstructured data, such as text documents, is a fundamental problem within the document analysis and recognition community. In this work, we propose FlexRank, a specially designed bipartite ranking algorithm for text documents using lexicographical ordering. FlexRank is based on the area under the ROC curve (ROC AUC), which is a well-known metric to evaluate ranking and classification algorithms and to select features in text classification. In our proposal, we express the calculation of the exact increment of ROC AUC caused by each attribute inserted into a lexicographic model. Based on this calculation, FlexRank performs an internal feature selection using the area under the ROC curve to define its lexicographic ranker, which can speed up rankers by sorting instances in linear time complexity using most significant digit (MSD) radix sort. We empirically evaluated FlexRank against a range of text datasets and compared its speed and ROC AUC with that of the Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbours, and LexRank. FlexRank was shown to be much faster than all the other methods, while retaining competitive ROC AUC performance.
Properties and potential optoelectronic applications of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

Semiconducting lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have not only become prominent thin-film absorber materials in photovoltaics but have also proven to be disruptive in the field of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). The most important feature of LHP NCs is their so-called defect-tolerance—the apparently benign nature of structural defects, highly abundant in these compounds, with respect to optical and electronic properties. Here, we review the important differences that exist in the chemistry and physics of LHP NCs as compared with more conventional, tetrahedrally bonded, elemental, and binary semiconductor NCs (such as silicon, germanium, cadmium selenide, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphide). We survey the prospects of LHP NCs for optoelectronic applications such as in television displays, light-emitting devices, and solar cells, emphasizing the practical hurdles that remain to be overcome.
Histogram of Exclamation Marks and Its Application for Comics Analysis

This paper proposes a histogram formed by counting the number of exclamation marks in comic books for comics analysis. Exclamation marks in comic books are used for expressing character's emotion and are depicted in frequently excited scenes. Also they are easy to detect from different comic books written by various authors. Hence we represent each comic book by its distribution of exclamation marks as a histogram and use such histogram for topic change detection and visualization of relationships between comic books. Experimental results on real comic books show that our bold approach has potential for approximating of contents of comic books by using the proposed histograms.
Information Extraction from Hand-Marked Industrial Inspection Sheets

In order to effectively detect faults and maintain heavy machines, a standard practice in several organizations is to conduct regular manual inspections. The procedure for conducting such inspections requires marking of the damaged components on a standardized inspection sheet which is then camera scanned. These sheets are marked for different faults in corresponding machine zones using hand-drawn arrows and text. As a result, the reading environment is highly unstructured and requires a domain expert while extracting the manually marked information. In this paper, we propose a novel pipeline to build an information extraction system for such machine inspection sheets, utilizing state-of-the-art deep learning and computer vision techniques. The pipeline proceeds in the following stages: (1) localization of different zones of the machine, arrows and text using a combination of template matching, deep learning and connected components, and (2) mapping the machine zone to the corresponding arrow head and the text segment to the arrow tail, followed by pairing them to get the correct damage code for each zone. Experiments were performed on a dataset collected from an anonymous real world manufacturing unit. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach and we also report the accuracy for each step in the pipeline.
Altered Right Ventricular Mechanical Properties Are Afterload Dependent in a Rodent Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Infants born premature are at increased risk for development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and ultimately right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, which together carry a high risk of neonatal mortality. However, the role alveolar simplification and abnormal pulmonary microvascular development in BPD affects RV contractile properties is unknown. We used a rat model of BPD to examine the effect of hyperoxia-induced PH on RV contractile properties. We measured in vivo RV pressure as well as passive force, maximum Ca2+ activated force, calcium sensitivity of force (pCa50) and rate of force redevelopment (ktr) in RV skinned trabeculae isolated from hearts of 21-and 35-day old rats pre-exposed to 21% oxygen (normoxia) or 85% oxygen (hyperoxia) for 14 days after birth. Systolic and diastolic RV pressure were significantly higher at day 21 in hyperoxia exposed rats compared to normoxia control rats, but normalized by 35 days of age. Passive force, maximum Ca2+ activated force, and calcium sensitivity of force were elevated and cross-bridge cycling kinetics depressed in 21-day old hyperoxic trabeculae, whereas no differences between normoxic and hyperoxic trabeculae were seen at 35 days. Myofibrillar protein analysis revealed that 21-day old hyperoxic trabeculae had increased levels of beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), atrial myosin light chain 1 (aMLC1; often referred to as essential light chain), and slow skeletal troponin I (ssTnI) compared to age matched normoxic trabeculae. On the other hand, 35-day old normoxic and hyperoxic trabeculae expressed similar level of α- and β-MHC, ventricular MLC1 and predominantly cTnI. These results suggest that neonatal exposure to hyperoxia increases RV afterload and affect both the steady state and dynamic contractile properties of the RV, likely as a result of hyperoxia-induced expression of β-MHC, delayed transition of slow skeletal TnI to cardiac TnI, and expression of atrial MLC1. These hyperoxia-induced changes in contractile properties are reversible and accompany the resolution of PH with further developmental age, underscoring the importance of reducing RV afterload to allow for normalization of RV function in both animal models and humans with BPD.
Evaluation of Leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement Using Pre-and Postcontrast Subtraction 3D-FLAIR Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement is found in patients with multiple sclerosis, though reported rates have varied. The use of 3D-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery pre- and postcontrast subtraction imaging may more accurately determine the frequency of leptomeningeal contrast enhancement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of leptomeningeal contrast enhancement using the pre- and postcontrast subtraction approach and to evaluate 3 different methods of assessing the presence of leptomeningeal contrast enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 258 consecutive patients with MS (212 with relapsing-remitting MS, 32 with secondary-progressive MS, and 14 with clinically isolated syndrome) who underwent both pre- and 10-minute postcontrast 3D-FLAIR sequences after a single dose of gadolinium injection on 3T MR imaging. The analysis included leptomeningeal contrast-enhancement evaluation on 3D-FLAIR postcontrast images in native space (method A), on pre- and postcontrast 3D-FLAIR images in native space (method B), and on pre-/postcontrast 3D-FLAIR coregistered and subtracted images (method C, used as the criterion standard). RESULTS: In total, 51 (19.7%) patients with MS showed the presence of leptomeningeal contrast enhancement using method A; 39 (15.1%), using method B; and 39 (15.1%), using method C (P = .002). Compared with method C as the criterion standard, method A showed 89.8% sensitivity and 92.7% specificity, while method B showed 84.6% sensitivity and 97.3% specificity (P < .001) at the patient level. Reproducibility was the highest using method C (κ agreement, r = 088, P < .001). The mean time to analyze the 3D-FLAIR images was significantly lower with method C compared with methods A and B (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: 3D-FLAIR postcontrast imaging offers a sensitive method for detecting leptomeningeal contrast enhancement in patients with MS. However, the use of subtraction imaging helped avoid false-positive cases, decreased reading time, and increased the accuracy of leptomeningeal contrast-enhancement foci detection in a clinical routine.
Plant cell shape: modulators and measurements

Plant cell shape, seen as an integrative output, is of considerable interest in various fields, such as cell wall research, cytoskeleton dynamics and biomechanics. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge on cell shape formation in plants focusing on shape of simple cylindrical cells, as well as in complex multipolar cells such as leaf pavement cells and trichomes. We summarize established concepts as well as recent additions to the understanding of how cells construct cell walls of a given shape and the underlying processes. These processes include cell wall synthesis, activity of the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, in particular their regulation by microtubule associated proteins, actin-related proteins, GTP'ases and their effectors, as well as the recently-elucidated roles of plant hormone signaling and vesicular membrane trafficking. We discuss some of the challenges in cell shape research with a particular emphasis on quantitative imaging and statistical analysis of shape in 2D and 3D, as well as novel developments in this area. Finally, we review recent examples of the use of novel imaging techniques and how they have contributed to our understanding of cell shape formation.
Upper bound on the capacity of a cascade of nonlinear and noisy channels

An upper bound on the capacity of a cascade of nonlinear and noisy channels is presented. The cascade mimics the split-step Fourier method for computing waveform propagation governed by the stochastic generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. It is shown that the spectral efficiency of the cascade is at most log(1+SNR), where SNR is the receiver signal-to-noise ratio. The results may be applied to optical fiber channels. However, the definition of bandwidth is subtle and leaves open interpretations of the bound. Some of these interpretations are discussed.
Medication process in Styrian hospitals

Abstract The aim of this work was to analyse the medication process and the potential for errors during the process steps. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted and a questionnaire was developed to compare the results from the literature with the current medication process in Styrian hospitals. The questionnaire was divided into four different parts with a total of 29 questions. For the survey all 37 Styrian hospitals were contacted whereas 11 filled out the questionnaire. The survey showed that there is no standardized medication process defined and that the rate of medication errors is generally underestimated. In addition, technical solutions may help to reduce errors but are expected to be hardly used in clinical practice.
Pancreatic Cysts: Controversies, Advances, Diagnoses, and Therapies

Abstract Pancreatic cysts are commonly found on cross-sectional imaging. The question arises in determining which lesions are premalignant or malignant and may require further testing, intervention, or follow-up. In pancreatic cysts without obvious malignancy on imaging, we approach them using the Four “S” Criteria. These are (1) symptoms that may be originating from the pancreatic cyst; (2) size of the cyst 2 cm or larger and/or main pancreatic duct greater than 5 mm; (3) survival of the patient, based on comorbidity index to determine surgical fitness; and then endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (FNA) recommended to determine (4) solid component presence in the cyst, namely, nodule or thick walls, as well as to perform FNA to obtain cyst content. Current cyst fluid analysis options include use of cytology to determine presence of malignancy and carcinoembryonic antigen and fluid genetics to identify potentially premalignant lesions. The aims of this article are to explore current management guidelines for pancreatic cysts, present a comprehensive approach to pancreatic cysts, and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each option for evaluation of pancreatic cysts including endoscopic ultrasound with FNA with cyst fluid analysis using an evidence-based approach.
FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS IN CHILDREN.

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the fractures and dislocations in children book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, story book, and other entertaining books become so popular this day. Besides, the scientific books will also be the best reason to choose, especially for the students, teachers, doctors, businessman, and other professions who are fond of reading.
Distributed System for Botnet Traffic Analysis and Anomaly Detection

As the ICT technologies evolve and new stacks are being proposed and created, the complexity of cyber security has dramatically increased, making the traditional signature-based approach ineffective. Many of nowadays existing solutions have never been deeply tested from the security point of view and thus being a target of cyber criminals. On the other hand, the Big Data technologies give the network administrators wide spectrum of tools to combat cyber threats. This paper presents one of such a systems for network traffic analysis and anomalies detection. The core of the system bases on the Big Data processing framework, data mining and machine learning techniques. So far, the proposed system implements two pattern extraction strategies leveraging batch processing methods. The presented experiments are focused on the problem of the botnet detection by means of data in form of NetFlows. The results analysis focus on performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms. In particular, different setups are considered in order to evaluate such aspects as detection effectiveness. The obtained results are promising and show that the proposed system can be considered as a useful tool for the network administrator.