Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fishbein Theory and the Bass-Talarzk Problem

In a recent note in JMR, Cohen, Fishbein, and Ahtola [6] argue that two other articles in JMR [3, 15], presented as using expectancy-value models of attitude, do not in fact use measures consonant with those models. The Sheth-Talarzyk article criticized [15] was concerned with applications of Rosenberg's theory. Cohen, Fishbein, and Ahtola [6] claim that Rosenberg had been misinterpreted; Sheth in his response [14] argues that Rosenberg was correctly interpreted. I do not wish to enter into this rather fruitless argument here. More interesting, it seems to me, is the discussion between Cohen, Fishbein, and Ahtola [6] and Bass [2]. Bass [2] accepts the arguments of Cohen, Fishbein, and Ahtola [6] that the measures in the original Bass and Talarzyk article [3] had not accurately represented Fishbein's theory of attitude. However, he points out that the direction of interest in the original article [3] was not in testing Fishbein's theories in any way, but rather in exploring the question of whether it was possible to show that brand preference within individuals could be predicted from belief measures about brands. Bass and Talarzyk are particularly interested in this point because they mistrust "cross-sectional regressions," that is, the prediction of brand preference to a single brand across a set of individuals from beliefs measured across that same set of individuals.
DARC: design and evaluation of an I/O controller for data protection

Lately, with increasing disk capacities, there is increased concern about protection from data errors, beyond masking of device failures. In this paper, we present a prototype I/O stack for storage controllers that encompasses two data protection features: (a) persistent checksums to protect data at-rest from silent errors and (b) block-level versioning to allow protection from user errors. Although these techniques have been previously used either at the device level (checksums) or at the host (versioning), in this work we implement these features in the storage controller, which allows us to use any type of storage devices as well as any type of host I/O stack. The main challenge in our approach is to deal with persistent metadata in the controller I/O path. Our main contribution is to show the implications of introducing metadata at this level and to deal with the performance issues that arise. Overall, we find that data protection features can be incorporated in the I/O path with a performance penalty in the range of 12% to 25%, offering much stronger data protection guarantees than today's commodity storage servers.
On the Computational Measurement of Intelligence Factors

In this paper we develop a computational framework for the measurement of different factors or abilities which are usually found in intelligent behaviours. For this, we first develop a scale for measuring the complexity of an instance of a problem, depending on the descriptional complexity (Levin LT variant) of the ‘explanation’ of the answer to the problem. We centre on the establishment of either deductive and inductive abilities, and we show that their evaluation settings are special cases of the general framework. Some classical dependencies between them are shown and a way to separate these dependencies is developed. Finally, some variants of the previous factors and other possible ones to be taken into account are investigated. In the end, the application of these measurements for the evaluation of AI progress is discussed.
Glucose levels in normal and mastitic milk

Summary Glucose levels in 188 quarter fore milks from different cows were determined by an enzymic procedure. Mean glucose content was 0·22 mM (standard error ±0·009) and results ranged from 0·02–0·57 mM. Abnormal quarters had lower glucose levels (P < 0·01) than normal quarters but variability within each classification was large. Glucose content was negatively correlated with both somatic cell count (r = –0·49) and N-acetyl-²-D-glucosaminidase level (r = –0·61). Milk glucose was considered to be of limited value as a diagnostic test for mastitis.
Knowledge continuous integration process (K-CIP)

Social semantic web creates read/write spaces where users and smart agents collaborate to produce knowledge readable by humans and machines. An important issue concerns the ontology evolution and evaluation in man-machine collaboration. How to perform a change on ontologies in a social semantic space that currently use these ontologies through requests? In this paper, we propose to implement a continuous knowledge integration process named K-CIP. We take advantage of man-machine collaboration to transform feedback of people into tests. This paper presents how K-CIP can be deployed to allow fruitful man-machine collaboration in the context of the Wikitaaable system.
FBG-based polymer-molded shape sensor integrated with minimally invasive surgical robots

Shape tracking using a fiber Bragg grating sensor is a promising tool due to its thin, flexible, and weightless nature. Conventional investigations attached optical fibers with a metal rod which limited the curvature due to its stiffness and increased distance between the center of the fiber and that of the sensor. We fabricated ultrathin flexible shape sensor with 110 mm length and 560 μm diameter. Its low Young's modulus and small diameter makes it suitable for application in minimally invasive surgical robot such as active cannula. The sensor causes only miniscule resistance when the cannula rotates or moves, and allows extra spaces for other surgical tools thanks to its small diameter. After the calibration, the sensor was integrated to the active cannula and overall position of the sensor was tracked. It showed an average error of 3.17 ± 1.21 % of the lengths of the measured nodes from the fixed starting point. The error was comparable to the outer diameter of the cannula, 2.8mm.
Low Levels of Unmodified Insulin Glargine in Plasma of People With Type 2 Diabetes Requiring High Doses of Basal Insulin

Glargine metabolism has been studied in insulin-treated people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at usual glargine doses of 0.4–0.8 units/kg/day (1,2). In some obese subjects with insulin-resistant T2D, higher basal insulin doses are needed, and the question of safety of glargine (3) is therefore still relevant. Epidemiological studies indicate that the risk of cancer is especially elevated in obese individuals with insulin-resistant diabetes requiring high insulin doses (4). Unmodified insulin glargine has been suggested to confer a higher risk of cancer (3), but prior studies have shown that, at usual doses, an active metabolite (M1) with actions similar to human insulin is the main circulating molecule after glargine injection (1,2). The aim of the current study was to establish the plasma levels of insulin glargine (M0) and its metabolites M1 and M2 (1,2) in subjects with T2D treated long-term with glargine dose ≥1.2 units/kg/day. Blood samples of 10 subjects with T2D (male/female 5/5, age 56 ± 10 years, BMI 37.9 ± 7.9 kg/m2, A1C 8.9 ± 1.3% …
Cellular Redox Imbalance and Changes of Protein S-glutathionylation Patterns Are Associated with Senescence Induced by Oncogenic H-Ras

H-Ras oncogene requires deregulation of additional oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins to increase cell proliferation rate and transform cells. In fact, the expression of the constitutively activated H-RasV12 induces cell growth arrest and premature senescence, which act like barriers in pre-neoplastic lesions. In our experimental model, human fibroblasts transfected with H-RasV12 show a dramatic modification of morphology. H-RasV12 expressing cells also show premature senescence followed by cell death, induced by autophagy and apoptosis. In this context, we provide evidence that in H-RasV12 expressing cells, the premature senescence is associated with cellular redox imbalance as well as with altered post-translation protein modification. In particular, redox imbalance is due to a strong reduction of total antioxidant capacity, and significant decrease of glutathione level. As the reversible addition of glutathione to cysteinyl residues of proteins is an important post-translational regulative modification, we investigated S-glutathionylation in cells expressing active H-Ras. In this contest we observed different S-glutathionylation patterns in control and H-RasV12 expressing cells. Particularly, the GAPDH enzyme showed S-glutathionylation increase and significant enzyme activity depletion in H-Ras V12 cells. In conclusion, we proposed that antioxidant defense reduction, glutathione depletion and subsequent modification of S-glutathionylation of target proteins contribute to arrest cell growth, leading to death of fibroblasts expressing constitutively active H-Ras oncogene, thus acting as oncogenic barriers that obstacle the progression of cell transformation.
Multi-Ring ERP Network Design: A Traffic Engineering Approach

The recent Ethernet Ring Protection (ERP) method brings new challenges into the design of next generation Ethernet carrier networks. This letter addresses one of the design challenges that may confront a network operator in its migration to provide ERP capabilities over an existing network. The objective of the design is to properly allocate network resources to maximize the service provider's revenue given the per-link deployed capacity. We formulate this problem of resource allocation as an optimization model with the objective of maximizing the network flow using the well-known max-min approach. Our proposed model ensures fairness among the admissible flows and the design of a proper protection plan to survive against any single link failure. Numerical results show that the proposed design approach can increase the overall network flow by up to 44.7% in comparison to an arbitrarily designed ERP network while it allocates bandwidth 29.3% more fairly among the sessions.
Does the East Get What Would Otherwise Flow to the South? FDI Diversion in Europe

This paper examines the FDI flows towards two regions in the periphery of Europe: the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) and the countries of Southern Europe. We investigate whether evidence exists for FDI diversion from Southern Europe to the CEECs. A cursory observation of recent FDI trends might give rise to such claims of diversion. On the basis of gravity model equations, this paper compares the expected and actual FDI figures. The findings lead us to conclude that there is no evidence of FDI diversion between these two regions.
Protective Effects of Chinese Traditional Medicine Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Myocardial Injury

Many clinical studies have reported that Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) has a protective effect on ischemic heart disease (IHD). In the present study, the protective effect of BYHWD on myocardial ischemia was investigated. Different doses of BYHWD and Compound Danshen Dropping Pills (CDDP) were lavaged to rats, respectively, isoproterenol (ISO) was intraperitoneally injected in to all animals to induce myocardial ischemia except the control group. Electrocardiogram (ECG) of each animal was recorded; activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were detected. As the results of ECG showed, pre-treatment with BYHWD inhibited ischemic myocardial injury, and the activities of LDH, CK and AST were lower than those in the myocardial ischemia model group, which suggests that BYHWD rescues the myocardium from ischemia status. To research the potential mechanism, the level of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide syntheses (NOS) and inducible nitric oxide syntheses (iNOS), the expression of iNOS and ligand of cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40L) were detected. The results revealed that BYHWD significantly decreased the level of NO, NOS and iNOS in serum. Moreover, BYHWD decreased the expression of iNOS and CD40L in myocardial tissues. These results indicate that the protective effect of BYHWD on myocardial ischemia and mechanism are associated with inhibition of iNOS and CD40L expression.
Information management infrastructure: the new competitive weapon?

Managers and researchers are beginning to realize that competitive advantage from information accrues from long-term investments in information management infrastructure. We survey many infrastructure building initiatives in firms to understand its importance as a source of advantage, what constitutes a good infrastructure, and how managers can successfully plan for infrastructure over time. We conclude that infrastructures must be built to support broad business processes, that they must advance incrementally, and that they must be driven both by technology developments and by specific business initiatives. <<ETX>>
Conditional random field with high-order dependencies for sequence labeling and segmentation

Dependencies among neighboring labels in a sequence are important sources of information for sequence labeling and segmentation. However, only first-order dependencies, which are dependencies between adjacent labels or segments, are commonly exploited in practice because of the high computational complexity of typical inference algorithms when longer distance dependencies are taken into account. In this paper, we give effcient inference algorithms to handle high-order dependencies between labels or segments in conditional random fields, under the assumption that the number of distinct label patterns used in the features is small. This leads to effcient learning algorithms for these conditional random fields. We show experimentally that exploiting high-order dependencies can lead to substantial performance improvements for some problems, and we discuss conditions under which high-order features can be effective.
Modern approaches to augmented reality

This tutorial discusses the Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) concept, its advantages and limitations. It will present examples of state-of-the-art display configurations, appropriate real-time rendering techniques, details about hardware and software implementations, and current areas of application. Specifically, it will describe techniques for optical combination using single/multiple spatially aligned mirror-beam splitters, image sources, transparent screens and optical holograms. Furthermore, it presents techniques for projectorbased augmentation of geometrically complex and textured display surfaces, and (along with optical combination) methods for achieving consistent illumination and occlusion effects. Emerging technologies that have the potential of enhancing future augmented reality displays will be surveyed.
HyLTL: a temporal logic for model checking hybrid systems

The model-checking problem for hybrid systems is a well known challenge in the scientific community. Most of the existing approaches and tools are limited to safety properties only, or operates by transforming the hybrid system to be verified into a discrete one, thus loosing information on the continuous dynamics of the system. In this paper we present a logic for specifying complex properties of hybrid systems called HyLTL, and we show how it is possible to solve the model checking problem by translating the formula into an equivalent hybrid automaton. In this way the problem is reduced to a reachability problem on hybrid automata that can be solved by using existing tools.
The Talent Show: Meeting the Needs of the Healthy Elderly

This paper describes the use of the talent show to meet the needs of the healthy elderly-those elderly people who remain healthy, active and productive, but whose emotional and psychological stability may be threatened by the aging process. An explanation is given of the role of music therapy in a senior activity center, the evolution of the talent show, and the procedures involved in the process. Thera­ peutic benefits of participation in the talent show are described and case examples provided. The dynamics underlying the talent show and the reasons for its usefulness are explored. Elderly. Aged. Geriatrics. These terms often conjure up images associated with frailty, dependence, disorientation, and confusion-all part of the physical or mental deterioration widely associated with the aging process. This negative, stereotypic view neglects a wide portion of elderly people who remain healthy, active, and productive. The higher functioning elderly represent a fast-growing and significant segment of out society, people whose emotional and psychological needs must be recog­ nized and dealt with. This paper explores how the production of a musical talent show brought about therapeutic change among the members of a senior activity center. Although most of the seniors were relatively healthy and high functioning, they nonetheless shared with all elderly people the vulnerabil­ ity to a decline in self-esteem due to the inevitable problems of aging. An explanation is therefore given of the role of music therapy in the senior activity center, the evolution of the talent show, and the procedures involved in the process. Typical problems encountered and treated are
Negotiating the principles and practice of school leadership

This paper aims to provide an account of how school leaders in Kazakhstan learn about leadership and management, and what strategies are in place to support leadership development. The paper draws on empirical data collected over three years, derived mainly from interviews and focus groups with school leaders and teachers. The findings suggest that a hierarchical education system and strict policy regulations diminish the likelihood that the changes needed to encourage leadership practice by teachers will take place. The paper examines Kazakhstani school leaders’ learning opportunities, and focuses on the implications of borrowing leadership theories from the West. The key argument is that, if genuine change is to occur, these leaders will require time and space for critical reflection about what it is they need to learn and to do. The paper raises important issues about the conceptualisation of leadership learning and development in non-Western contexts.
A novel TRIAC dimming LED driver by variable switched capacitance for power regulation

A novel TRIAC dimming LED driver that can control the brightness of LED arrays for a wide range of source voltage variation is proposed. Contrary to conventional PWM LED drivers, proposed LED driver uses TRIAC as a main switch, which inherently guarantees zero current switching and proven to be quite reliable. These characteristics can significantly improve switching loss and provide a long lifetime, which is requisite for LED drivers. The power of the proposed LED is regulated by variable switched capacitance, which is modulated by the TRIAC turn-on timing. Moreover, dimming control is obtained, in the same way of conventional TRIAC dimmers of lamps, by a volume resistor, which changes the current slope of a controlled current mirror of the proposed feedback control circuit. A prototype LED driver of 80 W was implemented with a TRIAC and DIAC, and verified by experiments, where the power factor and total harmonic distortion are 0.94 and 18.9 %, respectively. The maximum LED power variation was well mitigated below 2.5 W for 190 V <; Vs <; 250 V by using the proposed simple control circuit.
SCAI/ACC/AHA expert consensus document: 2014 update on percutaneous coronary intervention without on-site surgical backup.

In 2007, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) published an Expert Consensus Document titled “The Current Status and Future Direction of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention without On-Site Surgical Backup. ”1 This document summarized the available data on the performance of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) without on-site surgery in the United States (US), reviewed the existing literature, examined the recommendations for the performance of PCI in this setting from several professional organizations abroad and from experienced programs in the US, defined the best practices for facilities engaged in PCI without on-site surgery and made recommendations for the future role of PCI without on-site surgery. Since publication of that document, new studies, meta-analyses, and randomized trials have been published comparing PCI with and without on-site surgery. In addition, the total number of PCIs performed annually has decreased, reports about the overuse of PCI have emerged, and appropriate use criteria for coronary revascularization have been published. A noteworthy change occurred in the 2011 PCI guideline in which elective PCI was upgraded to Class IIb and primary PCI was upgraded to Class IIa at facilities without on-site surgery.2 Several tables on the structure and operation of programs without on-site surgery from the 2007 SCAI Expert Consensus Document were used in the 2011 PCI guideline recommendations. Finally, new updates of the ACCF/SCAI Expert Consensus Document on Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Standards and the ACCF/AHA/SCAI Clinical Competence in Coronary Artery Interventional Procedures have been published.3,4 Although many of the concerns about the safety of PCI without on-site surgery have been resolved, there are new issues to consider as the delivery of PCI continues to evolve in the US. Accordingly, the SCAI, ACCF, and AHA have engaged in this effort to reevaluate the current status of PCI without on-site surgery in the US. …
The Neurobiology of Mutualistic Behavior: The Cleanerfish Swims into the Spotlight

One of the most notorious examples of cooperation between different species happens in the cleaner-client fish mutualism. The best known cleaner fish species, the bluestreak Indo-Pacific cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus has been a model system to study the evolution of cooperation between unrelated animals and between distinct species during the last couple of decades. Given that the cleanerfish mutualism is well-established for behavioral studies of cooperation, it offered an outstanding opportunity to identify the link between cooperation, social cognition, and to undertake proximate studies, which were severely in need. This review surveys the current achievements of several recent studies, pointing towards the potential of the cleanerfish mutualism as a relevant model system for future accomplishments in neuroendocrine research.