Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Organization of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum in Hippocampal CA1 Dendrites and Dendritic Spines of the Immature and Mature Rat

Recent studies have shown high levels of calcium in activated dendritic spines, where the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is likely to be important for regulating calcium. Here, the dimensions and organization of the SER in hippocampal spines and dendrites were measured through serial electron microscopy and three-dimensional analysis. SER of some form was found in 58% of the immature spines and in 48% of the adult spines. Less than 50% of the small spines at either age contained SER, suggesting that other mechanisms, such as cytoplasmic buffers, regulate ion fluxes within their small volumes. In contrast, >80% of the large mushroom spines of the adult had a spine apparatus, an organelle containing stacks of SER and dense-staining plates. Reconstructed SER occupied 0.001–0.022 μm3, which was only 2–3.5% of the total spine volume; however, the convoluted SER membranes had surface areas of 0.12–2.19 μm2, which were 12 to 40% of the spine surface area. Coated vesicles and multivesicular bodies occurred in some spines, suggesting local endocytotic activity. Smooth vesicles and tubules of SER were found in continuity with the spine plasma membrane and margins of the postsynaptic density (PSD), respectively, suggesting a role for the SER in the addition and recycling of spine membranes and synapses. The amount of SER in the parent dendrites was proportional to the number of spines and synapses originating along their lengths. These measurements support the hypothesis that the SER regulates the ionic and structural milieu of some, but not all, hippocampal dendritic spines.
Shorted annular patch antennas for multipath rejection in GPS‐based attitude determination systems

In the past years, ESA has been considering the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) as a medium-accuracy attitude sensor for low-earth-orbit missions. This paper describes the design of a compact GPS antenna with improved multipath rejection to counteract the effects of the spurious reflections. In particular, a shorted annular patch that is a variant of the classical annular patch and has its inner edge shorted by a cylindrical conducting wall is proposed. It is shown that the radiation characteristics of the antenna offer the possibility to fulfill the multipath rejection radiation requirements without using an array solution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 47–51, 2001.
Homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian structures of class T 2 on low-dimensional generalized symmetric spaces

We give a contribution about the study of homogeneous pseudoRiemannian structures on a type of homogeneous spaces, namely, the pseudo-Riemannian generalized symmetric spaces of low dimensions. It is well known that generalized symmetric Riemannian spaces admit homogeneous structures of the class T2 ⊕ T3. The same property holds in the pseudo-Riemannian context. The aim of the present paper is to improve this result, showing that in the pseudo-Riemannian case threeand four-dimensional generalized symmetric spaces, not symmetric, admit homogeneous structures of class T2. M.S.C. 2010: 53C20, 53C30, 53C50
Identification of TIFY Family Genes and Analysis of Their Expression Profiles in Response to Phytohormone Treatments and Melampsora larici-populina Infection in Poplar

The TIFY domain contains approximately 36 conserved amino acids that form the core motif TIF[F/Y]XG, and they were reported to play important roles in plant growth, tissue development and defense regulation. Moreover, more and more evidence has shown that some members of the TIFY gene family perform their functions by modulating plant hormone signaling pathways. Poplar trees are found worldwide, and they comprise approximately 30 species. Benefit from the importance of poplar and its advanced platform, this tree is considered to be the model perennial plant. Here, we conducted a genome-wide identification of TIFY genes in poplar, and 24 TIFY genes were found. These 24 TIFY genes were assigned to different subfamilies according to the presence or absence of domains and motifs that they harbored. Careful analyses of their locations, structures, evolution and duplication patterns revealed an overview of this gene family in poplar. The expression profiles of these 24 TIFY genes were then analyzed in different tissues using publicly available expression data; their expression profiles following different JA/SA treatments and infection with leaf rust pathogen were also carefully examined by qRT-PCR assays. Based on their expression profiles, the functions of a number of TIFY genes could be predicted. By performing this study, we have provided valuable information for further functional characterisation of TIFY genes in poplar and candidate genes for the improvement of poplar disease resistance.
Unbalanced Allocations

We consider the unbalanced allocation of m balls into n bins by a randomized algorithm using the “power of two choices”. For each ball, we select a set of bins at random, then place the ball in the fullest bin within the set. Applications of this generic algorithm range from cost minimization to condensed matter physics. In this paper, we analyze the distribution of the bin loads produced by this algorithm, considering, for example, largest and smallest loads, loads of subsets of the bins, and the likelihood of bins having equal loads.
Justificatory Fables of Ordoliberalism: Laissez-faire and the “Third Way”

This article critically examines two conceptualisations of ordoliberalism. In one, it is defined, together with neoliberalism, against 19th-century liberalism (in its social liberal and laissez-faire variants). This reading was common among ordoliberals themselves, and early neoliberals such as Friedrich von Hayek, as well as among critics, notably Michel Foucault. In another, ordoliberalism is contrasted to neoliberalism, with the latter presumed to be a species of laissez-faire economics. This reading is commonly accompanied by the supposition that ordoliberalism represents a “Third Way” between capitalism and socialism, or between laissez-faire liberalism and state planning. The main body of this contribution presents a critical analysis of both positions, by way of analysis of ordoliberal texts and a history of the discourse of laissez-faire.
Epidemiological Panel Studies of Older Adults: New Frontiers in the Research on Human– Animal Interaction

ABSTRACT This paper discusses epidemiological studies of older adults and human–animal interaction (HAI), and potential relevance to future research on HAI and animal-assisted interventions (AAI) in aging populations. Key issues in epidemiological work are discussed, including target populations, treatment/exposures, follow up, and endpoint measures as they relate to interacting with or owning companion animals. In outlining the limits in our current state of knowledge, we also make recommendations for the design and analysis of epidemiological studies to advance research on HAI and aging.
Cognitive architecture and second-order systematicity: categorical compositionality and a (co)recursion model of systematic learning

Systematicity commonly means that having certain cognitive capacities entails having certain other cognitive capacities. Learning is a cognitive capacity central to cognitive science, but systematic learning of cognitive capacities—second-order systematicity—has received little investigation. We proposed associative learning as an instance of second-order systematicity that poses a paradox for classical theory, because this form of systematicity involves the kinds of associative constructions that were explicitly rejected by the classical explanation. In fact, both first and second-order forms of systematicity can be derived from the formal, category-theoretic concept of universal morphisms to address this problem. In this paper, we derived a model of systematic associative learning based on (co)recursion, which is another kind of universal construction. This result increases the extent to which category theory provides a foundation for cognitive architecture.
X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 (XRCC1) Genetic Polymorphisms and Cervical Cancer Risk: A HuGE Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Previous studies investigating the association between X-ray repair cross-complementation group 1(XRCC1) polymorphisms and cervical cancer (CC) risk has provided inconsistent results. The aim of our study was to assess the association between the XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp, Arg280His polymorphisms and risk of CC. Methods Two investigators independently searched the Medline, Embase, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedicine Databases for studies published before March 2011.Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for XRCC1 polymorphisms and CC were calculated in a fixed-effects model or a random-effects model when appropriate. Results Ultimately, 9, 5 and 2 studies were found to be eligible for meta-analyses of Arg399Gln, Arg194Trp and Arg280His, respectively. Our analysis suggested that the variant genotypes of Arg194Trp were associated with a significantly increased CC risk (Trp/Trp vs Arg/Arg, OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.60–3.06; Arg/Trp vs Arg/Arg, OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.02–1.49; dominant model, OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.14–1.63; recessive model, OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.51–2.82). For Arg280His polymorphism, no obvious associations were found for all genetic models. For Arg399Gln polymorphism, also no obvious associations were found for all genetic models. In the subgroup analyses by ethnicity/country, a significantly increased risk was observed among Asian, especially among Chinese. To get more precise evidences, adjusted ORs (95%CI) by potential confounders (such as age, ethnicity or smoking, etc) were also calculated for XRCC1 Arg399Gln and Arg194Trp, however, the estimated pooled adjusted OR still did not change at all. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that Arg194Trp polymorphism may be associated with CC risk, Arg399Gln polymorphism might be a low-penetrent risk factor for CC only in Asians, and there may be no association between Arg280His polymorphism and CC risk.
Reflection on the interactions between social determinants of food insecurity and health problems in an urban context

The interdependence between social conditions and health conditions are established and the reduction of poverty and promotion of food security are fundamental on the road to better health of populations. Strengthening food security was recognised as one of the cornerstones in the perspective of the social determinants of health. Food insecurity is a daily reality for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Despite its more often obvious extreme signs, it is more difficult to identify other signs that are revealed in families that face constraints on access to food. In urban areas, food insecurity is related to income, but also to access to food, with the possibility of these situations in urban areas generating another cause of poverty increasing related health problems. In this brief review we seek to reflect on the challenges in terms of social determinants of food security and their interactions with health problems in rapid urbanization contexts, focusing on the African context.
Representation and character theory of finite categorical groups

We study the gerbal representations of a finite group $G$ or, equivalently, module categories over Ostrik's category $Vec_G^\alpha$ for a 3-cocycle $\alpha$. We adapt Bartlett's string diagram formalism to this situation to prove that the categorical character of a gerbal representation is a module over the twisted Drinfeld double $D^\alpha(G)$. We interpret this twisted Drinfeld double in terms of the inertia groupoid of a categorical group.
Enabling Replicative Immortality

Molecular aspects of cancer continue to be uncovered by researchers around the world. Theses aspects will need to be exploited in the next generation of cancer treatments. Specific tumor suppressor genes such as p53 can serve as novel therapeutic targets as well. Although the scientific understanding of the actual steps in tumorigenesis is rather muddled, the differences between cancer and normal cells can be exploited throughout the tumor development process and used in therapy to destroy as much of the tumor as possible. Finally, differences in cancer mortality by age group might provide some insight into the primary causes of pediatric and adult cancers.
ON CERTAINTY EFFECT IN EXPECTED UTILITY THEORY

A phenomenon of certainty effect is well known as a typical paradox in expected utility theory and is often observed in the laboratory gambling to test the axiomatic system of utility theory. A necessary and sufficient condition that the certainty effect is obselved is demonstrated by means of a generalized utility function and some properties of individual's behavior derived from the condition are discussed.
Parenting Skills Workshop Series©, 2005-2012 Excerpted From: Parenting Skills Workshops Series: a Manual for Par- an Introduction to the Parenting Skills a Brief Overview of the Program Parenting Skills Workshop Series: a Manual For

The Parenting Skills Workshop Series©, (PSWS) was created in 1986 in response to a Tompkins County family court judge who identified a community need: families facing charges of child neglect and abuse required par-enting education and support to break recurrent cycles of maltreatment. The goal of PSWS is to replace impulsive behaviors with rational behaviors and ineffective or hurtful parenting styles with effective, child-friendly parenting skills. Program developers collaborated with experts across a wide spectrum of fields to integrate theories on education, social-work, child development and family development, as well as research in the field of education by Arnold Gold-stein (Changing the Abusive Parent, Goldstein et al, Champaign, IL.: Research Press, 1985) on changing abusive behaviors and interpersonal communication. Improved communication skills, which are considered important tools for self-empowerment and development, became the central focus of this strength-based educational program. A theory-based evaluation (Tischler, 2000, see Appendix B) found consistency among program theory, design and implementation and reported outcomes. Respecting Feelings are presented , practiced and reinforced through a structured-learning curriculum, grounded in adult learning theory. PSWS is co-facilitated by two trained parenting educators. Groups of 8-15 people meet for eight two-hour sessions, typically once a week. Participants in PSWS groups can be court-mandated or voluntary, agency or self referred. The PSWS consists of five foundational parenting skills: Encouragement helps children feel good about who they are and what they do and helps parents discover and value their children's evolving strengths. Can Do teaches parents how to redirect children's behavior. Children are able to change unacceptable behaviors to acceptable ones; parents gain a constructive limit-setting technique. Choices builds on the Encouragement and Can Do skills to build cooperation between parent and child. Parents help children learn how to make decisions that affect their lives. Self-Control helps parents avoid acting hurtfully toward their children. Parents learn to manage their response to strong emotions; children learn by example how to handle their feelings. Respecting Feelings helps parents and children understand and accept a wide range of emotions. It is an empathy-building skill with which parents show that they respect their children. Parenting Skills Workshop Series© (PSWS) participants learn skills to replace impulsive behaviors with rational behaviors and ineffective or hurtful parenting styles with effective, child-friendly parenting skills. In program evaluations from 2005-2012, participants (n=352) reported statistically significant improvement in their ability to use the five foundational parenting skills, their confidence in parenting, …
The preservation of ultrastructure in saturated phosphatidyl cholines by tannic acid in model systems and type II pneumocytes

The preservation for electron microscopy of saturated phospholipids in general, and phosphatidyl choline (PC)in particular, remains and unsolved problem since OsO(4) and glutaraldehyde are incapable of interacting with PC directly. However, by introducing tannic acid preceding osmication, we were able to demonstrate highly ordered, preserved lamellar structures in model experiments with saturated PC, and in vivo experiments type II pneumocytes of lung tissue. The secretory bodies of the latter are known to contain a high proportion of these saturated phospholipids. In both cases, the repeating periodicity approximated 45 A. It was determined that tannic acid interacts with the choline component of PC to form a "complex," which then could be stabilized by treatment with OsO(4). In the absence of osmication, the PC-tannic acid complex acid did not survive conventional dehydration techniques, but osmication permitted conventional Epon embedment. Sphingomyelin (SPH), which contains choline, behaved similarly in model experiments. But there was no evidence of a comparable reaction with tannic acid using phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEA), phosphatidyl serine (PS), or phosphstidy inositol (PI). Chemical studies indicted a high pH dependency for the formation of the PC- tannic acid complex. Also, experiments demonstrated its dissociation in various organic solvents. Sharp delineation and great contrast of the polar zones in the ordered lamellar structures was achieved by additional staining with lead citrate thus leading to the conclusion that tannic acid serves as a multivalent agent, capable of simultaneous interaction with saturated PC, OsO(4), and lead citrate stains.
Seizures and praziquantel. A case report.

Un paciente de sexo masculino de 27 anos de edad desarrollo convulsiones luego de recibir una dosis unica de 20 mg/kg de praziquantel para el tratamiento de una infeccion intestinal por Hymenolepis nana. Ulteriores evaluaciones clinicas y de laboratorio mostraron que el paciente sufria de una hasta ese momento asintomatica cisticercosis dei parenquima cerebral. Praziquantel debe ser utilizado con precaucion en aquellas areas en las cuales la cisticercosis representa un problema importante de salud publica. La ocurrencia de convulsiones inesperadas en un individuo que este siendo tratado con el compuesto, hace necesario la exclusion de cisticercosis del SNC.
More efficient optimization of long‐term water supply portfolios

The use of temporary transfers, such as options and leases, has grown as utilities attempt to meet increases in demand while reducing dependence on the expansion of costly infrastructure capacity (e.g., reservoirs). Earlier work has been done to construct optimal portfolios comprising firm capacity and transfers, using decision rules that determine the timing and volume of transfers. However, such work has only focused on the short‐term (e.g., 1‐year scenarios), which limits the utility of these planning efforts. Developing multiyear portfolios can lead to the exploration of a wider range of alternatives but also increases the computational burden. This work utilizes a coupled hydrologic‐economic model to simulate the long‐term performance of a city's water supply portfolio. This stochastic model is linked with an optimization search algorithm that is designed to handle the high‐frequency, low‐amplitude noise inherent in many simulations, particularly those involving expected values. This noise is detrimental to the accuracy and precision of the optimized solution and has traditionally been controlled by investing greater computational effort in the simulation. However, the increased computational effort can be substantial. This work describes the integration of a variance reduction technique (control variate method) within the simulation/optimization as a means of more efficiently identifying minimum cost portfolios. Random variation in model output (i.e., noise) is moderated using knowledge of random variations in stochastic input variables (e.g., reservoir inflows, demand), thereby reducing the computing time by 50% or more. Using these efficiency gains, water supply portfolios are evaluated over a 10‐year period in order to assess their ability to reduce costs and adapt to demand growth, while still meeting reliability goals. As a part of the evaluation, several multiyear option contract structures are explored and compared.
Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from photon irradiation—an update

A comprehensive set of photon fluence-to-dose response functions (DRFs) is presented for two radiosensitive skeletal tissues—active and total shallow marrow—within 15 and 32 bone sites, respectively, of the ICRP reference adult male. The functions were developed using fractional skeletal masses and associated electron-absorbed fractions as reported for the UF hybrid adult male phantom, which in turn is based upon micro-CT images of trabecular spongiosa taken from a 40 year male cadaver. The new DRFs expand upon both the original set of seven functions produced in 1985, and a 2007 update calculated under the assumption of secondary electron escape from spongiosa. In this study, it is assumed that photon irradiation of the skeleton will yield charged particle equilibrium across all spongiosa regions at energies exceeding 200 keV. Kerma coefficients for active marrow, inactive marrow, trabecular bone and spongiosa at higher energies are calculated using the DRF algorithm setting the electron-absorbed fraction for self-irradiation to unity. By comparing kerma coefficients and DRF functions, dose enhancement factors and mass energy-absorption coefficient (MEAC) ratios for active marrow to spongiosa were derived. These MEAC ratios compared well with those provided by the NIST Physical Reference Data Library (mean difference of 0.8%), and the dose enhancement factors for active marrow compared favorably with values calculated in the well-known study published by King and Spiers (1985 Br. J. Radiol. 58 345–56) (mean absolute difference of 1.9 percentage points). Additionally, dose enhancement factors for active marrow were shown to correlate well with the shallow marrow volume fraction (R2 = 0.91). Dose enhancement factors for the total shallow marrow were also calculated for 32 bone sites representing the first such derivation for this target tissue.
A 12GHz 67% tuning range 0.37pS RJrms PLL with LC-VCO temperature compensation scheme in 0.13μm CMOS

This paper presents a PLL designed in 0. 13μm CMOS for multi-data rate serial link applications. A novel temperature compensation scheme is proposed to reduce the LC-VCO temperature frequency drift without sacrificing the tuning range. Thus, the PLL covers a 5.6GHz to 13.4GHz tuning range by using just two VCO cores while remaining locked from -40°C to 85°C. At 25°C, the PLL has an RMS random jitter (RJrms) of 0.37pS at 11.44GHz. The integrated jitter is less than 0.7pS over the tuning range and varies less than 50fS over temperature. The PLL consumes 50.88mW of power from a 1.2V supply at 12GHz and 25°C.