Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nanoscale Study of Carbon and Nitrogen Fluxes in Mats of Purple Sulfur Bacteria: Implications for Carbon Cycling at the Surface of Coastal Sediments

Mass blooms of purple sulfur bacteria growing seasonally on green stranded macroalgae have a major impact on the microbial composition and functionality of intertidal mats. To explore the active anoxygenic phototrophic community in purple bacterial mats from the Roscoff Aber Bay (Brittany, France), we conducted a combined approach including molecular and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses. To investigate the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen assimilation activities, NanoSIMS was coupled with a stable isotope probing (SIP) experiment and a compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Sediment samples were incubated with 13C- and/or 15N-labeled acetate, pyruvate, bicarbonate and ammonium. NanoSIMS analysis of 13C - and 15N -incubated samples showed elevated incorporations of 13C - and 15N in the light and of 13C -acetate in the dark into dense populations of spherical cells that unambiguously dominated the mats. These results confirmed CSIA data that ranked vaccenic acid, an unambiguous marker of purple sulfur bacteria, as the most strongly enriched in the light after 13C -acetate amendment and indicated that acetate uptake, the most active in the mat, was not light-dependent. Analysis of DNA- and cDNA-derived pufM gene sequences revealed that Thiohalocapsa-related clones dominated both libraries and were the most photosynthetically active members of the mat samples. This study provides novel insights into the contribution of purple sulfur bacteria to the carbon cycle during their seasonal developments at the sediment surface in the intertidal zone.
MLog: Towards Declarative In-Database Machine Learning

We demonstrate MLog, a high-level language that integrates machine learning into data management systems. Unlike existing machine learning frameworks (e.g., TensorFlow, Theano, and Caffe), MLog is declarative, in the sense that the system manages all data movement, data persistency, and machine-learning related optimizations (such as data batching) automatically. Our interactive demonstration will show audience how this is achieved based on the novel notion of tensoral views (TViews), which are similar to relational views but operate over tensors with linear algebra. With MLog, users can succinctly specify not only simple models such as SVM (in just two lines), but also sophisticated deep learning models that are not supported by existing in-database analytics systems (e.g., MADlib, PAL, and SciDB), as a series of cascaded TViews. Given the declarative nature of MLog, we further demonstrate how query/program optimization techniques can be leveraged to translate MLog programs into native TensorFlow programs. The performance of the automatically generated Tensor-Flow programs is comparable to that of hand-optimized ones.
Harm to Others

In this volume, Feinberg focuses on the meanings of "interest," the relationship between interests and wants, and the distinction between want-regarding and ideal-regarding analyses on interest and hard cases for the applications of the concept of harm. Examples of the "hard cases" are harm to character, vicarious harm, and prenatal and posthumous harm. Feinberg also discusses the relationship between harm and rights, the concept of a victim, and the distinctions of various quantitative dimensions of harm, consent, and offense, including the magnitude, probability, risk, and "importance" of harm.
Problems in the initial teaching of programming using Java: the case for replacing J2SE with J2ME

In their analysis of the use of Java as a first teaching language, the ACM Java Task Force (JTF) identified a number of issues with the Java language and APIs which caused significant pedagogic problems. The focus of their work, and hence of their characterisation of the issues, was the Java "Standard Edition" (J2SE). This paper contends that the version of Java designed for programming small devices (Java 2 Micro Edition, J2ME) does not suffer from these problems identified by the JTF to the extent that the (more familiar) J2SE does, and suggests a number of other reasons why J2ME represents a good choice as a first programming language.
Chinese Word Segmentation by Mining Maximized Substrings

A major problem in the field of Chinese word segmentation is the identification of out-ofvocabulary words. We propose a simple yet effective approach for extracting maximized substrings, which provide good estimations of unknown word boundaries. We also develop a new semi-supervised segmentation technique that incorporates retrieved substrings using discriminative learning. The effectiveness of this novel approach is demonstrated through experiments using both in-domain and out-ofdomain data.
Narratives of the Science Classroom: An Approach to Dialogic/Performance Analysis.

The focus of this paper is a discussion of methodological dilemmas arising from the application of a dialogic/performative approach to narrative analysis in a study of student identity and agency in science classrooms. There has been a call for a focus on student identity within science education research to address a widespread and persistent trend of student disengagement with science in the middle years of schooling. Responding to this call, the study has used a poststructuralist theoretical framework to investigate the fluid and multiple identities students occupied in two different science classrooms, and provided insight into student learning and meaning making within ‘pipeline’ (Aikenhead 2005) science curricula. The study utilised rich classroom video data filmed with the support of the International Centre for Classroom Research at The University of Melbourne. Focusing on lived narratives within science classrooms, the study is differentiated from traditional approaches to narrative research that focus on narratives told. This paper contributes to contemporary discussions about research conducted within the borderland between narrative and poststructuralist approaches to educational research. Reissman (2008) describes dialogic/performance analysis as a broad and varied interpretive approach to oral narrative that makes selective use of elements of both thematic and structural analysis to interrogate how talk among speakers is dialogically produced and performed as narrative. Like the examples provided by Reissman, this study is concerned with the way identities are dialogically enacted in social contexts. However, rather than narratives told, the study focussed on narratives enacted. This difference follows a shift from representational narrativity to ontological narrativity, in recognition that narrative is an ontological condition for social life (Somers 1994). As Reissman points out, the dialogic/performance approach pushes the boundaries of what is and is not considered to be narrative analysis. The approach utilised in this classroom study sits within Rosiek and Clandinin’s (Rosiek and Clandinin 2007) mapping of the territory of narrative research in the borderland between narrative and poststructuralist approaches. The paper
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition and health benefits: The Robin Hood effect

This review discusses two distinct, yet related, mechanisms of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition: Calorie restriction mimicry (CRM) and pro-ketogenic effect, which may explain their cardiovascular benefits. We term these adaptive CRM and pro-ketogenic effects of SGLT2 inhibition, the Robin Hood hypothesis. In English history, Robin Hood was a “good person,” who stole from the rich and helped the poor. He supported redistribution of resources as he deemed fit for the common good. In a similar fashion, SGLT2 inhibition provides respite to the overloaded glucose metabolism while utilizing lipid stores for energy production.
Futuristic model of Electric Vehicle charging queues

The big hurdle in the PEVs (Plug-in Electric Vehicles) penetration is the short driving range and long battery charging time. Even though widespread deployment of public charging stations are soon expected, the public is concerned about being stranded or waiting for long time in charging stations. To effectively address this problem, this paper develops two fold solutions. First, computer models for estimating various discharging profiles of PEV batteries considering different regional driving cycles is developed. It is found that each driving cycle generates a unique discharging profile. Moreover, a unique utility function is construed which is optimized to minimize the overall waiting time for consumers and to harmonize the queue size in each charging station. This model uses Toronto downtown area as a case study, and suggests potential locations for the new charging stations to minimize driving distance to the charging station and overall wait time.
Separable Image Denoising Based on the Relative Intersection of Confidence Intervals Rule

In this paper we have proposed a novel method for image denoising using local polynomial approximation (LPA) combined with the relative intersection of confidence intervals (RICI) rule. The algorithm performs separable column-wise and row-wise image denoising (i.e., independently by rows and by columns), combining the obtained results into the final image estimate. The newly developed method performs competitively among recently published state-of-the-art denoising methods in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), even outperforming them for small to medium noise variances for images that are piecewise constant along their rows and columns.
PRODUCTION AND STUDIES OF PHOTOCATHODES FOR HIGH INTENSITY ELECTRON BEAMS

For short, high-intensity electron bunches, alkali-tellurides have proved to be a reliable photo-cathode material. Measurements of lifetimes in an RF gun of the CLIC Test Facility II at field strengths greater than 100 MV/m are presented. Before and after using them in this gun, the spectral response of the Cs-Te and Rb-Te cathodes were determined with the help of an optical parametric oscillator. The behaviour of both materials can be described by Spicer’s 3-step model. Whereas during the use the threshold for photo-emission in Cs-Te was shifted to higher photon energies, that of Rb-Te did not change. Our latest investigations on the stoichiometric ratio of the components are shown. The preparation of the photo-cathodes was monitored with 320 nm wavelength light, with the aim of improving the measurement sensitivity. The latest results on the protection of Cs-Te cathode surfaces with CsBr against pollution are summarized. New investigations on high mean current production are presented.
The use of inertial sensors for the classification of rehabilitation exercises

The benefits of exercise in rehabilitation after orthopaedic surgery or following a musculoskeletal injury has been widely established. Within a hospital or clinical environment, adherence levels to rehabilitation exercise programs are high due to the supervision of the patient during the rehabilitation process. However, adherence levels drop significantly when patients are asked to perform the program at home. This paper describes the use of simple inertial sensors for the purpose of developing a biofeedback system to monitor adherence to rehabilitation programs. The results show that a single sensor can accurately distinguish between seven commonly prescribed rehabilitation exercises with accuracies between 93% and 95%. Results also show that the use of multiple sensor units does not significantly improve results therefore suggesting that a single sensor unit can be used as an input to an exercise biofeedback system.
MODELLING THE FUTURE IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

This paper presents the results of research aiming to forecast the course of business-as-usual (BAU) trends in logistics and related environmental impacts within the UK. A series of seven focus group discussions with supply chain experts has resulted in the identification of the key logistics trends likely to affect the supply chains in the future. A spreadsheet model has been developed which simulates the relationship between economic growth and a series of freight transport-related externalities, including CO2 emissions, air pollution, noise and congestion and attaches the monetary values to them. The total external costs of road freight transport in the UK have been estimated at £7.2 billion. Furthermore, the taxes paid by the HGV-users in Britain should increase by around 10 per cent to internalise the externalities associated with air pollution, noise, accidents and damage to the infrastructure caused by the lorry transport. However, an increase by as much as 79 per cent would be needed to fully cover all the externalities, including congestion, related to the HGV traffic.
Histologic Investigation of the Macula Flava of the Human Vocal Fold

An investigation was carried out to determine the histologic structure of the maculae flavae of human adult vocal folds. Excised human adult larynges served as the materials for this study. Light microscopic, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic observations were made. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The maculae flavae are located at the anterior and posterior ends of the bilateral vocal folds. Vocal fold ligaments run between the anterior and posterior maculae flavae. 2) The maculae flavae are elliptical in shape and about 1.5 × 1.5 × 1 mm in size. 3) The maculae flavae are composed of fibroblasts, elastic fibers, collagenous fibers, and ground substance. 4) Fibroblasts in the maculae flavae synthesize, and occasionally engulf, the elastic and collagenous fibers. 5) The maculae flavae seem to control the synthesis of fibrous components in the vocal ligament.
Brain Contains a Functional Glucose-6-Phosphatase Complex Capable of Endogenous Glucose Production*

Glucose is absolutely essential for the survival and function of the brain. In our current understanding, there is no endogenous glucose production in the brain, and it is totally dependent upon blood glucose. This glucose is generated between meals by the hydrolysis of glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) in the liver and the kidney. Recently, we reported a ubiquitously expressed Glc-6-P hydrolase, glucose-6-phosphatase-β (Glc-6-Pase-β), that can couple with the Glc-6-P transporter to hydrolyze Glc-6-P to glucose in the terminal stages of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Here we show that astrocytes, the main reservoir of brain glycogen, express both the Glc-6-Pase-β and Glc-6-P transporter activities and that these activities can couple to form an active Glc-6-Pase complex, suggesting that astrocytes may provide an endogenous source of brain glucose.
Exploring the Perspectives of Substance Abusing Black Men Who Have Sex With Men and Women in Addiction Treatment Programs

This study examined the perspectives of African American male injection drug users who have sex with both men and women (IDU-MSM/W) and who are involved in sex trade regarding the need for a human sexuality educational model (HSEM) for addiction professionals. Focus groups were conducted involving an exploratory sample (N = 105) of men who met the following parameters: aged 18 to 40 years, African American, engage in injection drug using behavior, have sex with male and female partners, and who frequent parks and other sex working areas in Baltimore City and surrounding areas. Data suggest that an HSEM may be useful for addiction professionals who work with substance abusing Black MSM/W. Moreover, the model should include opportunities for addiction professionals to (a) identify their personal biases about homosexuality in general (acknowledging personal biases so not to allow those personal biases to influence service); (b) understand the diversity within the Black MSM/W community (e.g., challenge assumptions that all Black MSM/W self-identify as gay); (c) understand how to, and the need for, assessing sexual trauma in Black MSM/W; and (d) understand the need to incorporate risk factors and safer sex practices that may be of concern to a subpopulation of Black MSM/W, such as “barebacking. ” These findings suggest the need for, and topics to include in, an HSEM that assists professionals with exploring their biases about sexuality and MSM/W and better prepares counselors to address HIV prevention and risky behavior using language that is appropriate for the Black IDU-MSM/W population.
Young Children’s Analogical Reasoning

In this study, a computerized measure, Interactive Analogical Measure (IAM), was developed and used to assess young children’s ability to reason analogically. The IAM was equipped to provide corrective feedback and the effects of that feedback were tested for experimental and control groups. A group of 5-year-olds (N = 80) participated in the study. Children were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group and the IAM was similarly implemented with the exception of the feedback indicators. There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups for overall performance. Data suggested that the effect of immediate, corrective feedback emerged very early during the test and manifested a cumulative effect across the entire test. It seems that an interactive measure provides meaningful problem-solving experience for young children.
A Solid Model Based Virtual Hairy Brush

We present the detailed modeling of the hairy brush used typically in Chinese calligraphy. The complex model, which includes also a model for the ink and the paper, covers the various stages of the brush going through a calligraphy process. The model relies on the concept of writing primitives, which are the smallest units of hair clusters, to reduce the load on the simulation. Each such primitive is constructed through the general sweeping operation in CAD and described by a NURBS surface. The writing primitives dynamically adjust themselves during the virtual writing process, leaving an imprint on the virtual paper as they move. The behavior of the brush is an aggregation of the behavior of all the writing primitives. A software system based on the model has been built and tested. Samples of imitation artwork from using the system were obtained and found to be nearly indistinguishable from the real artwork.
The Latent Membrane Protein 1 of Epstein-Barr Virus Establishes an Antiviral State via Induction of Interferon-stimulated Genes*

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with several human cancers. Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is one of the key viral proteins required for transformation of primary B cells in vitro and establishment of EBV latency. In this report, we show that LMP-1 is able to induce the expression of several interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral properties such as 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), stimulated trans-acting factor of 50 kDa (STAF-50), and ISG-15. LMP-1 inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication at low multiplicity of infection (0.1 pfu/cell). The antiviral effect of LMP-1 is associated with the ability of LMP-1 to induce ISGs; an LMP-1 mutant that cannot induce ISGs fails to induce an antiviral state. High levels of ISGs are expressed in EBV latency cells in which LMP-1 is expressed. EBV latency cells have antiviral activity that inhibits replication of superinfecting VSV. The antiviral activity of LMP-1 is apparently not related to IFN production in our experimental systems. In addition, EBV latency is responsive to viral superinfection: LMP-1 is induced and EBV latency is disrupted by EBV lytic replication during VSV superinfection of EBV latency cells. These data suggest that LMP-1 has antiviral effect, which may be an intrinsic part of EBV latency program to assist the establishment and/or maintenance of EBV latency.
The psychological effects of parental human immunodeficiency virus infection on uninfected children.

OBJECTIVES To assess the mental health of children of mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. DESIGNS Matched comparison of 26 children of mothers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and 26 children with no experience of human immunodeficiency virus infection within their families. SETTINGS Subject children were identified through hospital acquired immunodeficiency syndrome clinics and comparison children were identified through the primary care center of the same hospital. PARTICIPANTS Subjects and controls were aged 6 to 16 years and matched by age, sex, race, and maternal marital and employment status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and the children completed the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Children's Depression Inventory. RESULTS Controlling for confounding variables, subjects were found by the Child Behavior Checklist to be significantly more withdrawn (P < .05) and to have more problems with attention (P < .005) than controls, although total Child Behavior Checklist scores were not significantly different. Compared with control children, the subject children reported more depression on the Children's Depression Inventory (P < .05) but were not more anxious. However, compared with children of asymptomatic mothers, the children of symptomatic mothers were reported to be significantly more anxious and/or depressed on the Child Behavior Checklist (P < .01) and the children reported more anxiety on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study focusing specifically on uninfected children in families affected by the human immunodeficiency virus demonstrates some of the psychological ramifications of this disease. Larger studies are required to identify factors that contribute to the vulnerabilities and resilience of such children. Attention needs to focus on ameliorating these adverse effects on the children of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic.
(Non-) Behavioral Economics - A Programmatic Assessment

Economic theory has evolved without paying proper attention to behavioral approaches, especially to social, economic, and cognitive psychology. This has recently changed by including behavioral economics courses in many doctoral study programs. Although this new development is most welcome, the typical topics of the behavioral economics courses are not truly behavioral. More specifically, we question whether eoclassical repairs or game fitting exercises as well as more or less mechanic adaptation processes qualify as behavioral approaches. To avoid criticizing without offering alternatives, we suggest some truly behavioral concepts, especially the satisficing approach.
Teacher Attitudes and the Social inclusion of Students with Asperger Syndrome

ideas not concrete observations. For this research, rules of correspondence were used in an attempt to link the conceptual definitions of the abstract constructs to specific indicators that measured these constructs. Neuman (2006) defines rules of correspondence as “logical statements of how an indicator corresponds to an abstract concept” (p. 185).
Linked Data for Network Science

Network science is an emerging research area focused on developing general network-based approaches for studying phenomena across a range of fields from social science to biology. Techniques from network science include network analysis, network modeling and visualization. A key difficulty facing networks science is data acquisition. Network data must often be mined and converted from non-network sources, which is often a laborious and error prone process. In this paper, we present a simplified approach for extracting networks from Linked Data. These extracted networks can then be analyzed through network analysis algorithms, and the results of these analyses can be published back as Linked Data. The aim is to provide a corpus of well-described networks for use in network science. We describe LinkedDataLens, an implementation of this framework that uses the Wings workflow system to represent multi-step network extraction and analysis processes. Additionally, we describe initial networks that have been extracted and characterized with this framework.