Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factorized Groomed Jet Mass Distribution in Inclusive Jet Processes

We consider the factorized groomed jet mass distribution in inclusive jet processes by using a modified mass drop tagger (mMDT), corresponding to a soft drop with angular exponent β = 0. A grooming procedure is implemented rather than tagging in the sense that grooming always returns a groomed jet, while tagging dose not return a jet when a single particle remains after tagging. We find that the grooming procedure makes the jet mass distribution infrared safe and that only ultraviolet divergences appear in each factorized part. The groomed jet mass distributions are investigated over a wide range of the jet mass considering various limits on the jet mass variable ρ = MJ2/(pTJR)2 and the grooming cut yc. Appropriate effective theories in different kinematic regions are employed to resum large logarithms, in which the analysis in the region ρ ~ yc ≪ 1 is included due to the different type of factorization. The analytic computation of the factorized groomed jet mass distribution is presented by resumming the large logarithms in the jet mass, and yc. Numerically, the effect of the resummation is notably enhanced, compared with the calculation at next-to-leading order, and nonglobal logarithms are estimated to be small.
Spherical D-brane by Tachyon Condensation

We find a novel tachyon condensation which provides a D-brane system with spherical worldvolume in the flat spacetime. The tachyon profile is a deformation of a known D0-brane solution on non-BPS D3-branes in type IIA superstring theory, which realizes a bound state of a spherical D2-brane and a D0-brane. The D0-brane is resolved into the sphere as a $U(1)$ monopole flux of the unit magnetic charge. We show that the system has the correct tension and the RR-coupling. Although the low energy effective action of the system is the same as that of the dual description of the fuzzy sphere solution of multiple D0-branes, our system cannot be equivalent to the fuzzy sphere. We argue that the sphere can be stable in a certain RR-flux background. The use of projective modules in describing the tachyon condensation is emphasized.
Emergence of Wigner molecules in one-dimensional systems of repulsive fermions under harmonic confinement

A Bethe-Ansatz spin-density functional approach is developed to evaluate the ground-state density profile in a system of repulsively interacting spin-1/2 fermions inside a quasi-one-dimensional harmonic well. The approach allows for the formation of antiferromagnetic quasi-order with increasing coupling strength and reproduces with high accuracy the exact solution that is available for the two-fermion system.
Nanolithography based on real-time electrically controlled indentation with an atomic force microscope for nanocontact elaboration

We report on the fabrication of nanocontacts by indentation of an ultrathin insulating photoresist layer deposited on various types of conductive structures. A modified atomic force microscope (AFM) designed for local resistance measurements is used as a nanoindenter. The nanoindentation is performed while measuring continuously the resistance between the conductive tip of the AFM and the conductive layer, which is used as the trigger parameter to stop the indentation. This allows a very accurate control of the indentation process, The indented hole is subsequently filled by a metal to create a contact on the underlying layer. We show that nanocontacts; in the range of 1 to 10 nm(2) can be created with this technique.
Kubo formulae for the shear and bulk viscosity relaxation times and the scalar field theory shear $τ_π$ calculation

In this paper we provide a quantum field theoretical study on the shear and bulk relaxation times. First, we find Kubo formulas for the shear and the bulk relaxation times, respectively. They are found by examining response functions of the stress-energy tensor. We use general properties of correlation functions and the gravitational Ward identity to parametrize analytical structures of the Green functions describing both sound and diffusion mode. We find that the hydrodynamic limits of the real parts of the respective energy-momentum tensor correlation functions provide us with the method of computing both the shear and bulk viscosity relaxation times. Next, we calculate the shear viscosity relaxation time using the diagrammatic approach in the Keldysh basis for the massless $\lambda\phi^4$ theory. We derive a respective integral equation which enables us to compute $\eta\tau_\pi$ and then we extract the shear relaxation time. The relaxation time is shown to be inversely related to the thermal width as it should be.
MELANOCYTES/MELANOGENESIS Key Discoveries in Melanocyte Development

Melanocytes are melanin pigment-pro-ducing cells. Mammalian melanocytes are categorized as ‘‘cutaneous’’ (follic-ular and epidermal) and ‘‘extracuta-neous’’ (e.g., choroidal, cochlear). Epidermal melanocytes contribute to photoprotection and thermoregulation by packaging melanin pigment into melanosomes and delivering them to neighboring keratinocytes.
STARR-DCS

This article presents a novel framework for data-centric storage (DCS) in a wireless sensor and actor network (WSAN) that employs a randomly selected set of data replication nodes, which also change over time. This enables reductions in the average network traffic and energy consumption by adapting the number of replicas to applications' traffic, while balancing energy burdens by varying their locations. To that end, we propose and validate a simple model to determine the optimal number of replicas, in terms of minimizing average traffic/energy consumption, based on measurements of applications' production and consumption traffic. Simple mechanisms are proposed to decide when the current set of replication nodes should be changed, to enable new applications and nodes to efficiently bootstrap into a working WSAN, to recover from failing nodes, and to adapt to changing conditions. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our approach can extend a WSAN's lifetime by at least 60%, and up to a factor of 10× depending on the lifetime criterion being considered. The feasibility of the proposed framework has been validated in a prototype with 20 resource-constrained motes, and the results obtained via simulation for large WSANs have been also corroborated in that prototype.
Stellar energetic particle ionization in protoplanetary disks around T Tauri stars

Context. Anomalies in the abundance measurements of short lived radionuclides in meteorites indicate that the protosolar nebulae was irradiated by a large number of energetic particles ( E ≳ 10 MeV). The particle flux of the contemporary Sun cannot explain these anomalies. However, similar to T Tauri stars the young Sun was more active and probably produced enough high energy particles to explain those anomalies. Aims. We aim to study the interaction of stellar energetic particles with the gas component of the disk (i.e. ionization of molecular hydrogen) and identify possible observational tracers of this interaction. Methods. We used a 2D radiation thermo-chemical protoplanetary disk code to model a disk representative for T Tauri stars. We used a particle energy distribution derived from solar flare observations and an enhanced stellar particle flux proposed for T Tauri stars. For this particle spectrum we calculated the stellar particle ionization rate throughout the disk with an accurate particle transport model. We studied the impact of stellar particles for models with varying X-ray and cosmic-ray ionization rates. Results. We find that stellar particle ionization has a significant impact on the abundances of the common disk ionization tracers HCO + and N 2 H + , especially in models with low cosmic-ray ionization rates (e.g. 10 -19 s -1 for molecular hydrogen). In contrast to cosmic rays and X-rays, stellar particles cannot reach the midplane of the disk. Therefore molecular ions residing in the disk surface layers are more affected by stellar particle ionization than molecular ions tracing the cold layers and midplane of the disk. Conclusions. Spatially resolved observations of molecular ions tracing different vertical layers of the disk allow to disentangle the contribution of stellar particle ionization from other competing ionization sources. Modelling such observations with a model like the one presented here allows to constrain the stellar particle flux in disks around T Tauri stars.
Biopsychosocial Multidisciplinary Treatment Impact on Risk of Opioid Misuse

From 1999 to 2014, over 165,000 persons in the United States died from an overdose related to prescription opioids (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). In response, the CDC released guidelines that propose nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic therapy as preferred methods for chronic pain control (Dowell et al., 2016). The purpose of this project was to examine the biopsychosocial multidisciplinary treatment impact on risk of opioid medication misuse among adult chronic opioid-dependent noncancer pain clinic patients with and without a psychiatric disorder. Engel’s (1977) biopsychosocial model was used to evaluate whether multidisciplinary treatment impacted the risk of opioid misuse for noncancer chronic pain patients at San Diego Pain Institute pain management clinic. A quantitative retrospective four-group design study was completed to determine whether biopsychosocial multidisciplinary treatment impacts the risk of opioid medication misuse. A medical chart review was used to identify those patients with and without a psychiatric disorder who are participating in a biopsychosocial treatment program comprising (a) a pain management program, (b) a physical therapy program, and (c) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and those who are not participating in a treatment program with those three services. The Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ) was used to compare the risk of opioid medication misuse between the four groups (Adams et al., 2004). The results showed a biopsychosocial multidisciplinary treatment approach comprising pain management, physical therapy, and CBT reduced the risk of opioid medication misuse among chronic pain patients with a psychiatric disorder and may provide patients and providers an alternative method for opioid misuse prevention. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT iv
Forward modeling of space borne gravitational wave detectors

Planning is underway for several space-borne gravitational wave observatories to be built in the next ten to twenty years. Realistic and efficient forward modeling will play a key role in the design and operation of these observatories. Space-borne interferometric gravitational wave detectors operate very differently from their ground based counterparts. Complex orbital motion, virtual interferometry, and finite size effects complicate the description of space-based systems, while nonlinear control systems complicate the description of ground based systems. Here we explore the forward modeling of space-based gravitational wave detectors and introduce an adiabatic approximation to the detector response that significantly extends the range of the standard low frequency approximation. The adiabatic approximation will aid in the development of data analysis techniques, and improve the modeling of astrophysical parameter extraction.
Carbon line formation and spectroscopy in O-type stars

Context. The determination of chemical abundances constitutes a fundamental requirement for obtaining a complete picture of a star. Particularly in massive stars, CNO abundances are of prime interest, due to the nuclear CNO-cycle, and various mixing processes which bring these elements to the surface. The precise determination of carbon abundances, together with N and O, is thus a key ingredient for understanding the different phases of stellar evolution. Aims. We aim to enable a reliable carbon spectroscopy for our unified non-LTE atmosphere code FASTWIND. Methods. We have developed a new carbon model atom including C II/III/IV/V, and we discuss specific problems related to carbon spectroscopy in O-type stars. We describe different tests we have performed to examine the reliability of our implementation, and investigate which mechanisms influence the carbon ionization balance. By comparing with high-resolution spectra from six O-type stars, we verified to what extent observational constraints can be reproduced by our new carbon line synthesis. Results. Carbon lines are even more sensitive to a variation of Teff, log g, and Ṁ, than hydrogen and helium lines. We are able to reproduce most of the observed lines from our stellar sample, and to estimate those specific carbon abundances which bring the lines from different ions into agreement (three stages in parallel for cool objects, two for intermediate O-types). For hot dwarfs and supergiants earlier than O7, X-rays from wind-embedded shocks can have an impact on the synthesized line strengths, particularly for C IV, potentially affecting the abundance determination. Dielectronic recombination has a significant impact on the ionization balance in the wind. Conclusions. We demonstrate our capability to derive realistic carbon abundances by means of FASTWIND, using our recently developed model atom. We find that complex effects can have a strong influence on the carbon ionization balance in hot stars. For a further understanding, the UV range needs to be explored as well. By means of detailed and available nitrogen and oxygen model atoms, we will be able to perform a complete CNO abundance analysis for larger samples of massive stars, and to provide constraints on corresponding evolutionary models and aspects.
Intravital Imaging of IL-1 b Production in Skin

IL-1 is a prototypic inflammatory cytokine that has pathogenic roles in various skin disorders. Although Langerhans cells (LCs) have been reported to express IL-1 b mRNA upon application of contact sensitizers, it remains unclear whether other cell types produce IL-1 b in skin. Thus, we sought to directly identify IL-1 b producing cells in living animals by construction of transgenic mice expressing DsRed fluorescence protein gene under the control of IL-1 b promoter. Little DsRed fluorescence signal was detected in skin under steady-state conditions. Striking increases in DsRed signal were observed after topical application of a contact sensitizer, oxazolone, which also induced markedly elevated IL-1 b mRNA and protein expression. DsRed signal was expressed primarily by CD45 þ /CD11b þ myeloid leukocytes in both epidermal and dermal compartments and was detected only in small fractions of epidermal LCs. Interestingly, DsRed þ cells emerged preferentially as clusters around hair follicles. Intravital confocal imaging experiments revealed highly motile potentials of DsRed þ cells—they constantly crawled around hair follicles via amoeba-like movements with a mean velocity of 1.0 ± 0.4 m m min –1 (epidermis) or 2.7 ± 1.4 m m min –1 (dermis). The newly developed in vivo imaging system represents a useful tool for studying spatial regulation of IL-1 b production in skin.
Measurement of the topological Chern number by continuous probing of a qubit subject to a slowly varying Hamiltonian

We analyze a measurement scheme that allows determination of the Berry curvature and the topological Chern number of a Hamiltonian with parameters exploring a two-dimensional closed manifold. Our method uses continuous monitoring of the gradient of the Hamiltonian with respect to one parameter during a quasi-adiabatic quench of the other. Measurement back-action leads to disturbance of the system dynamics, but we show that this can be compensated by a feedback Hamiltonian. As an example, we analyze the implementation with a superconducting qubit subject to time varying, near resonant microwave fields; equivalent to a spin 1/2 particle in a magnetic field.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Improved Dimension Reduction of Gabor Feature and Two-against-Two Multi-Class SVM Classification

The facial expression recognition technology has been widespread concerned and researched, and many methods have been presented. This paper focuses on studying and analyzing the feature extraction, feature dimension reduction and two-against-two multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, and an algorithm is proposed for recognition of six basic facial expressions. According to expression feature information in the different face region, the algorithm adopts local nonuniform feature point extraction to reduce the feature dimension. After transforming the feature points with Gabor filters, the Gabor expression features are obtained. And the feature dimension is further reduced by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT). At last, the tow-against-two classification method and an optimum decision scheme are used to realize quick and accurate expression classification. Experimental results show the algorithm can achieve higher recognition rate, recognition speed and stronger robust.
Malware Detection in Android Apps Using Static Analysis

Frequency of malware attacks because Android apps are increasing day by day. Current studies have revealed startling facts about data harvesting incidents, where user’s personal data is at stake. To preserve privacy of users, a permission induced risk interface MalApp to identify privacy violations rising from granting permissions during app installation is proposed. It comprises of multi-fold process that performs static analysis based on app’s category. First, concept of reverse engineering is applied to extract app permissions to construct a Boolean-valued permission matrix. Second, ranking of permissions is done to identify the risky permissions across category. Third, machine learning and ensembling techniques have been incorporated to test the efficacy of the proposed approach on a data set of 404 benign and 409 malicious apps. The empirical studies have identified that our proposed algorithm gives a best case malware detection rate of 98.33%. The highlight of interface is that any app can be classified as benign or malicious even before running it using static analysis.
Synthetic turbulent inflow generator using machine learning

We propose a methodology for generating time-dependent turbulent inflow data with the aid of machine learning (ML), which has a possibility to replace conventional driver simulations or synthetic turbulent inflow generators. As for the ML model, we use an auto-encoder type convolutional neural network (CNN) with a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). For the test case, we study a fully-developed turbulent channel flow at the friction Reynolds number of ${\rm Re}_{\tau} = 180$ for easiness of assessment. The ML models are trained using a time series of instantaneous velocity fields in a single cross-section obtained by direct numerical simulation (DNS) so as to output the cross-sectional velocity field at a specified future time instant. From the a priori test in which the output from the trained ML model are recycled to the input, the spatio-temporal evolution of cross-sectional structure is found to be reasonably well reproduced by the proposed method. The turbulence statistics obtained in the a priori test are also, in general, in reasonable agreement with the DNS data, although some deviation in the flow rate was found. It is also found that the present machine-learned inflow generator is free from the spurious periodicity, unlike the conventional driver DNS in a periodic domain. As an a posteriori test, we perform DNS of inflow-outflow turbulent channel flow with the trained ML model used as a machine-learned turbulent inflow generator (MLTG) at the inlet. It is shown that the present MLTG can maintain the turbulent channel flow for a long time period sufficient to accumulate turbulent statistics, with much lower computational cost than the corresponding driver simulation. It is also demonstrated that we can obtain accurate turbulent statistics by properly correcting the deviation in the flow rate.
Anopheles gambiae Trehalase Inhibitors for Malaria Vector Control: A Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study

Simple Summary Anopheles gambiae is a major malaria vector. This vector is controlled mainly using insecticide, thereby reducing malaria transmission. Since many insecticides are toxic to non-target species, and there is increasing insecticide resistance, there is a need to identify other safer molecules that can be used to control the vector. Molecules inhibiting trehalase have been proposed as safer options for insecticide and fungicide development since humans do not produce trehalose. This work screens several trehalase inhibitors against trehalase of Anopheles gambiae (AgTre) and assesses their safety in humans using in silico methods. Four trehalase inhibitors had a high affinity for AgTre and were predicted to be relatively safe. The compounds also interacted well with trehalase of Aedes aegypti, another important mosquito vector. The results suggest these molecules are safer options for insecticide development to control mosquito-borne diseases. Abstract Trehalase inhibitors are considered safe alternatives for insecticides and fungicides. However, there are no studies testing these compounds on Anopheles gambiae, a major vector of human malaria. This study predicted the three-dimensional structure of Anopheles gambiae trehalase (AgTre) and identified potential inhibitors using molecular docking and molecular dynamics methods. Robetta server, C-I-TASSER, and I-TASSER were used to predict the protein structure, while the structural assessment was carried out using SWISS-MODEL, ERRAT, and VERIFY3D. Molecular docking and screening of 3022 compounds was carried out using AutoDock Vina in PyRx, and MD simulation was carried out using NAMD. The Robetta model outperformed all other models and was used for docking and simulation studies. After a post-screening analysis and ADMET studies, uniflorine, 67837201, 10406567, and Compound 2 were considered the best hits with binding energies of −6.9, −8.9, −9, and −8.4 kcal/mol, respectively, better than validamycin A standard (−5.4 kcal/mol). These four compounds were predicted to have no eco-toxicity, Brenk, or PAINS alerts. Similarly, they were predicted to be non-mutagenic, carcinogenic, or hepatoxic. 67837201, 10406567, and Compound 2 showed excellent stability during simulation. The study highlights uniflorine, 67837201, 10406567, and Compound 2 as good inhibitors of AgTre and possible compounds for malaria vector control.
Duality and universal transport in mixed-dimension electrodynamics

We consider a theory of a two-component Dirac fermion localized on a (2+1) dimensional brane coupled to a (3+1) dimensional bulk. Using the fermionic particle-vortex duality, we show that the theory has a strong-weak duality that maps the coupling $e$ to $\tilde e=(8\pi)/e$. We explore the theory at $e^2=8\pi$ where it is self-dual. The electrical conductivity of the theory is a constant independent of frequency. When the system is at finite density and magnetic field at filling factor $\nu=\frac12$, the longitudinal and Hall conductivity satisfies a semicircle law, and the ratio of the longitudinal and Hall thermal electric coefficients is completely determined by the Hall angle. The thermal Hall conductivity is directly related to the thermal electric coefficients.