Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct vs. Two-Step Approach for Unique Word Generation in UW-OFDM

Unique word OFDM is a novel technique for constructing OFDM symbols, that has many advantages over cyclic prefix OFDM. In this paper we investigate two different approaches for the generation of an OFDM symbol containing a unique word in its time domain representation. The two-step and the direct approach seem very similar at first sight, but actually produce completely different OFDM symbols. Also the overall system's bit error ratio differs significantly for the two approaches. We will prove these propositions analytically, and we will give simulation results for further illustration.
Temporal and spatial variations of urban heat island effect in Beijing using ASTER and TM data

More and more questions were emerged with the development of Beijing's urbanization. One of them is urban heat island (UHI) effect. This paper focuses on the monitoring of urban heat island effect with the temporal and spatial change using ASTER and TM data. Our study area is located in the central urban area of Beijing which mainly the area surrounded by the fifth ring road. 4 ASTER images almost in summer in 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2006 were collected, and 2 TM data also in summer in 2002 and 2005 were collected. In order to calculate the urban heat island intensity, the land surface temperatures were retrieved using an iterative way to compare the temperature difference between the urban and surrounding rural area. Based on the relative temperature method, the UHI intensity was obtained for all of the satellite images. The UHI was divided into normal, weak, strong, very strong, severe and extreme by which the temporal and spatial changes of the UHI effect were compared. Generally speaking, the results indicate that the UHI effect was increased with the development of the urbanization. And the extreme UHI effect was occurred in the southeastern part of the Beijing city where almost of the industrial factories were located. The UHI effect in the old city enclosed by the second ring road was generally weak because of the relatively lager areas of water body and grassland.
Intuitionistic Logic Programming for SQL (Extended Abstract)

Intuitionistic logic programming provides the notion of embedded implication in rule bodies, which can be used to reason about a current database modified by the antecedent. This can be applied to a system that translates SQL to Datalog to solve SQL WITH queries, for which relations are locally defined and can therefore be understood as added to the current database. In addition, assumptions in SQL queries as either adding or removing data can be modelled in this way as well, which is an interesting feature for decision-support scenarios. This work suggests a way to apply intuitionistic logic programming to SQL, and provides a pointer to a working system implementing this idea.
New Colour Transformations for the Sloan Photometry, and Revised Metallicity Calibration and Equations for Photometric Parallax Estimation

Abstract We evaluated new colour transformations for the Sloan photometry by 224 standards and used them to revise both the equations for photometric parallax estimation and metallicity calibration cited by Karaali et al. (2003). This process improves the metallicity and absolute magnitude estimations by [Fe/H] ≤ 0.3 dex and M g′ H ≥ 0.1 mag respectively. There is a high correlation for metallicities and absolute magnitudes derived for two systems, UBV and Sloan, by means of the revised calibrations.
Language, Identity, and Social Divides: Medium of Instruction Debates in Bangladeshi Print Media

This article critically examines the role of language as medium of instruction (MOI) in shaping students’ self-perceptions, worldviews, and identities in a globalizing world. We draw on identity and social positioning theories and on Bourdieu’s concepts of capital and symbolic struggle to frame our investigation. Using an analytical framework comprising critical discourse analysis and qualitative content analysis, we analyze letters written by Bangla- and English-medium writers to the editor of a Bangladeshi English newspaper to illustrate how discursive identity construction for “self” and “other” engaged the two groups in identity battles. We argue that (a) discursive identity politics may not be characterized in essentialist or nonessentialist terms exclusively but may actually draw on both depending on whether the representation is of self or other; and (b) although MOI is inextricably linked to social divides, the roots of the divides may lie in the social rather than in the discursive space.
Size matters: ontogenetic variation in the three-dimensional kinematics of steady-speed locomotion in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis.

Although many studies have investigated how locomotor capacities change with size, few studies have examined whether different-sized individuals within a species have similar kinematics during locomotion. We quantified the skeletal limb morphology and the three-dimensional kinematics of the hindlimb of four sizes (4-66 g) of the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis moving steadily at both the walk-run transition (50 % duty factor) and at a moderately fast speed of 250 cm s(-)(1). We used analyses of variance to test whether limb movements changed with size and to determine whether size and speed had interactive effects on kinematics. The disproportionately long hindlimbs of smaller lizards partly contributed to their relatively greater (i.e. adjusted by snout-vent length) values of linear kinematic variables. Both relative linear and angular kinematics changed significantly with both size and speed, both of which had widespread interactive effects. By having more extension of the knee and ankle joints, and thus a relatively higher hip height during stance, the slow-speed movements of small lizards displayed some of the characteristics of the fast-speed movements in larger lizards. Further, approximately one-fifth and two-fifths of the strides of the two smallest size classes were digitigrade at the lower and higher speeds, respectively, whereas the two largest size classes always had a plantigrade foot posture. Some of the most striking effects of size on kinematics were most evident at the lower of the two speeds. Unlike interspecific studies, which show that the limbs often become more crouched with decreased size, the more extended limbs of smaller lizards in this study suggest that variation in size alone cannot be the causal reason for differences in limb posture.
Further Steps in TANGO: improved taxonomic assignment in metagenomics

MOTIVATION TANGO is one of the most accurate tools for the taxonomic assignment of sequence reads. However, because of the differences in the taxonomy structures, performing a taxonomic assignment on different reference taxonomies will produce divergent results. RESULTS We have improved the TANGO pipeline to be able to perform the taxonomic assignment of a metagenomic sample using alternative reference taxonomies, coming from different sources. We highlight the novel pre-processing step, necessary to accomplish this task, and describe the improvements in the assignment process. We present the new TANGO pipeline in details, and, finally, we show its performance on four real metagenomic datasets and also on synthetic datasets. AVAILABILITY The new version of TANGO, including implementation improvements and novel developments to perform the assignment on different reference taxonomies, is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/taxoassignment/.
Separating complexity classes using structural properties

We study the robustness of complete sets for various complexity classes. A complete set A is robust if for any f(n)-dense set S /spl isin/ P, A - S is still complete, where f(n) ranges from log(n), polynomial, to subexponential. We show that robustness can be used to separate complexity classes: For every /spl les//sub m//sup p/-complete set A for EXP and any subexponential dense sets S /spl isin/ P, A - S is still Turing complete and under a reasonable hardness assumption even /spl les//sub m//sup p/-complete. For EXP and the delta levels of the exponential hierarchy we show that for every Turing complete set A and any log-dense set S /spl isin/ P, A - S is still Turing complete. There exists a 3-truth-table complete set A for EEXPSPACE, and a log-dense set S /spl isin/ P such that A - S is not Turing complete. This implies that settling this issue for EEXP will either separate P from PSPACE or PUfrom EXP. We show that the robustness results for EXP and the delta levels of the exponential hierarchy do not relativize.
Dissociating spatial and spatiotemporal aspects of navigation ability in chronic stroke patients.

OBJECTIVE The notion of distinguishable processing mechanisms for spatial and spatiotemporal information has largely been neglected in the context of navigation. Only a recent neuropsychological case study has provided initial evidence for the idea that these elements can be differentiated at a functional level. The aim of the current study was therefore to critically verify this double dissociation by adopting a systematic, large-scale approach. METHOD Sixty-five chronic stroke patients and 60 matched healthy controls watched a route through a realistic virtual environment. They were assessed on their knowledge of this route in 4 different tasks after the learning phase. Performance on the scene recognition and route continuation tasks was taken as an indication of knowledge of the spatial route aspects. By contrast, spatiotemporal knowledge of the route was assessed in the route order and route progression tasks. RESULTS Based on single case statistics, 6 patients showed an exceptionally large difference in their performance on the spatial and spatiotemporal tasks. Moreover, 2 patients satisfied formal criteria for a classical dissociation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that spatial and spatiotemporal performance was closely associated in most patients. Nonetheless, the study also provided partial support for the notion of separate space- and time-based processing mechanisms in the context of navigation. This distinction is of particular relevance to the investigation into the cognitive structure underlying navigation behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record
Online Pricing with Impatient Bidders

In this paper we consider the following online pricing problem. An auctioneer is selling identical items in unlimited supply, whereas each bidder from a given set is interested in purchasing a single copy of the item. Each bidder is characterized by a budget and a time interval, in which he is considering to buy the item. Bidders are willing to buy the item at the earliest time provided it is within their time intervals and the price at that time is within their budgets. We call such bidders impatient bidders. The problem is considered in the online setting, i.e., each bidder arrives at the start of his time interval, and only then an algorithm learns of his existence and his budget. The goal of the seller is to set the price of the item over time so that the total revenue is maximized. We study two versions of the impatient bidders problem: the one introduced by Bansal et al. [TALG'10], and a more restricted setting in which the deadline of each bidder remains unknown until it is hit. We give tight bounds for both settings. Rather surprisingly, in both cases the optimum competitive ratios are the same. In particular we prove that the competitive ratio of an optimum deterministic algorithm is Θ(log h/log log h), whereas for randomized algorithms it is Θ(log log h).
Preliminary Validation of the Motor Skills Rating Scale

This study examined psychometric properties of the Motor Skills Rating Scale (MSRS), a questionnaire designed for classroom teachers of children in early elementary school. Items were developed with the guidance of two occupational therapists, and factor structure was examined with an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The resulting model showed good fit with 19 items that loaded on 3 subscales: Shapes and Letters, Classroom Fine Motor, and Body Awareness. In tests of concurrent criterion validity, each scale was correlated in the expected direction with direct assessments of children’s (N = 242) visuospatial processing, sensorimotor functioning, and executive function (EF) obtained using a direct neuropsychological assessment. Children with higher ratings on the Classroom Fine Motor scale of the MSRS also had higher teacher-rated and directly assessed mathematics achievement. Study findings provided preliminary support for the utility and validity of a brief teacher report of elementary children’s motor skills.
Public Assistance Use among U.S.-Born Children of Immigrants 1

U.S.-born children of immigrants may be less likely to receive some social services than are children of native-born parents if foreign-born parents who are themselves ineligible are less likely to apply on their children's behalf. We use retrospective data from a sample of about 2,400 low-income households in three U.S. cities to determine whether children with foreign-born caregivers are less likely than children with native-born caregivers to receive benefits from any of five programs over a two-year period: TANF, SSI, Food Stamps, Medicaid, and WIC. The most significant disparities between children of citizen and noncitizen caregivers are in TANF and food stamp use.
The Role of Melodic and Verbal Organization in the Reproduction of Rhythmic Groups by Children

Children of 5 to 6 years are generally thought not to have acquired a sense of stable key in music. This experiment shows that specialized tutoring allows them to acquire and use the specific functions of the tonic and dominant as points of stability and boundaries for grouping rhythmic sequences in a reproduction task. Untrained children of the same age do not use the cues provided by the tonal system, but lean rather upon verbal boundaries (in the sense of syntactic constituents). Three analyses of the results demonstrated that (a) verbal and melodic cues superimposed onto rhythmic models were used differently according to the musical competence of the child; (b) children do not always respect tempo or accentuation, but generally produce highly structured sequence; (c) the temporal sequences reproduced have a hierarchical organization on two levels: local organization, which can be considered related to episodic memory and global organization, which is related to semantic memory and so is dependent on the subject9s musical knowledge.
Effect of Hydropriming and Biopriming on Seed Germination and Growth of Two Mexican Fir Tree Species in Danger of Extinction

Abies spp. in general have been shown to need a period of cold stratification to break dormancy and germinate, but this can be very time consuming. In this study, hydropriming by itself and in combination with biopriming was carried out on Abies hickelii and Abies religiosa seeds. For biopriming, three species of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ( Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and Bacillus subtilis) were tested. The purpose was to determine if germination and growth could be improved for these two endangered species. Our results demonstrated that treating A. hickelii and A. religiosa with both hydropriming and biopriming with certain strains of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) could improve germination rates up to 91% for A. hickelii and up to 68% for A. religiosa. Importantly, these treatments showed no significant negative impact on the growth of A. religiosa and actually improved growth in A. hickelii. The application of both hydropriming and biopriming offer possibly an alternative methodology to improve germination, survival and preservation of these fir tree species of Mexico that are at risk of extinction.
Immunological Suppression of Idiotypic Specificities

The suppression of the capacity of an animal to produce antibody of a particular idiotype specificity bears an obvious relationship to the induction of immune tolerance, with the distinction that the tolerant state is restricted to the production of antibody directed to a particular idiotype rather than to an antigen. There is perhaps a closer analogy to the suppression of an allotypic specificity through maternal transfer or direct administration of the corresponding antiallotypic antibody (Dray 1962, Mage 1967). Since most antigens elicit antibodies bearing many different idiotypic specificities, the reagent that must be used to recognize and selectively suppress an individual idiotype is antiidiotypic antibody rather than antigen. The antiidiotypic antibody necessarily exerts its effect through interaction with receptors bearing the idiotype on lymphoid cells. For experimental purposes it is highly advantageous if antibody of the same idiotype is produced in response to a given antigen by different animals of the same species. This permits the use of antiidiotypic antibody, prepared against the antibodies from one animal (or group of animals), to suppress the appearance of the same idiotype in other members of the same species. The occurrence of an intraspecies cross-reactive idiotype was first noted among the antistreptococcal antibodies of partially inbred rabbits by Eichmann & Kindt (1971). Such cross-reactions have proved to be more frequent
Human Natures: Psychological Essentialism in Thinking about Differences between People

‘Psychological essentialism’ is the belief that members of a category share deep-seated properties that determine their identity. In the case of social categories, such beliefs have a variety of important implications. We review recent research that shows a central role for essentialist thinking in stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Special attention is paid to beliefs about race and ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, mental disorder, and personality. Lingering questions about essentialist thinking are discussed, and several directions for future research are suggested.
Level of Knowledge and Risk of Contracting HIV/AIDS Amongst Young Adults with Mild/Moderate Intellectual Disability

This study was designed to explore the level of knowledge and risk of contracting HIV/AIDS among a sample of 60 young adults with mild/moderate intellectual disability. In comparison to a sample of undergraduate students they showed greater deficits in their general knowledge of the disease and in methods to minimize risk of infection. They also had less adaptive attitudes regarding AIDS in general and specifically with regard to condom use and they had lower confidence in their capacity to accomplish safe-sex practices. Furthermore when presented with hypothetical risk situations they were more likely to present unsafe sexual solutions to the interpersonal dilemmas. These indications of potential risk were compounded by the finding that the majority were either sexually active or had strong intentions to become so and that poor performance on the range of measures was associated with greater behavioral risk as assessed by actual or anticipated sexual activities. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to the need for urgent implementation and ongoing evaluation of multifaceted educational programs. (authors)
Defective cellular localization of mutant ATP7B in Wilson's disease patients and hepatoma cell lines.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Wilson's disease, a hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the Wilson's disease gene (ATP7B), leads to hepatic and/or neurological pathology resulting from cellular copper overload. In vitro studies showed that ATP7B, located in the trans-Golgi network, traffics to a cytoplasmic vesicular compartment in response to increased copper concentration. Mislocalization and failed intracellular trafficking of ATP7B mutants are suggested to be among disease-causing mechanisms; however, the effect of mutations on ATP7B localization in human tissues has not been directly shown. Therefore, we characterized the subcellular localization of normal and mutant ATP7B in human livers and in hepatoma cell lines. METHODS Subcellular distribution of ATP7B in liver tissue from 3 control individuals and 3 Wilson's disease patients harboring a homozygous H1069Q-ATP7B mutation was analyzed by using immunogold electron microscopy. In addition, 14 ATP7B mutants tagged to green fluorescent protein were generated and expressed in HuH-7 and HepG2 cells; intracellular localization of these mutants was characterized by confocal microscopy. RESULTS In hepatocytes, ATP7B was localized in trans-Golgi vesicles, whereas H1069Q-ATP7B was trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum. Similar results were observed for wild-type ATP7B and H1069Q-ATP7B expressed in hepatoma cells. Most ATP7B proteins harboring missense mutations were distributed similarly to wild-type ATP7B. In contrast, truncated ATP7B mutants showed a diffuse, clustered, cytoplasmic pattern, distinct from the trans-Golgi network or endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a detailed demonstration of the ATP7B distribution in control and diseased human livers and indicate that several Wilson's disease mutations lead to incorrect localization of ATP7B to distinct cell compartments.
Child language as evidence for grammatical description: preschoolers’ construal of transitivity in the verb system of Hebrew

Accepted analyses of the binyan system of verb patterns in Hebrew are reviewed, and an alternative analysis is suggested, claiming that: (i) the system is more regular and productive in current usage than is generally conceded; and (ii) the traditional division of Hebrew grammars and lexicography between verbs and nonverbs is well-motivated (Section 1). Evidence for these claims is provided by two types of nonstandard usage in the speech of Israeli children aged four to six: a) errors of pattern-mixing, where a given verb-root is used in an inappropriate pattern — in terms of the current adult lexicon of Hebrew — to express notions of causation, reflexivity, reciprocality, and of passive or middle voice; and b) innovative verbs created by children to fill gaps in their lexicon (Section 2). It transpires that these deviations from the adult norm are non-random, being clearly divided along the axis of transitivity; thus, children treat verbs as either: active, transitive, causative OR passive, intransitive, reflexive/ reciprocal, grouping them in ways which correspond ίο a natural, structurally motivated division of verbs into major morpho-syntactic pattern classes. The implications of these findings are considered (in Section 3) with respect to the grammatical analysis of the root-plus-pattern based lexicon of Hebrew, the nature of the Hebrew verb system and how it relates to nonverbal elements of the lexicon, and the more general issue of language change. In another context (Berman, forthcoming: a), I argued that young children's construal of a particular linguistic subsystem is not necessarily a valid source of evidence for the correctness of a given grammatical theory. The issue there was the abstractness of phonological representation, and I tried to show that while young children clearly rely heavily on concrete input data in construing the phonemic system of their language and the morphophonological alternations which it incurs, older speakers of Linguistics 18 (1980), 677-701. 0024-3949/80/0018-0677 $2.00 © Mouton Publishers, The Hague
Young People's Time Perspectives: From Youth to Adulthood

The article examines three bodies of theory: individualization, the lifecourse, and concepts of time. It interrogates these theories with respect to the following questions: how young people speak about the future; and the bearing of young people's situations and time perspectives upon the way they envisage the transition to adulthood. It draws upon empirical research from a five-country European study, in particular material from focus group discussions conducted with young people in two west-European countries, Britain and Norway. It analyses variations in young peoples' ways of thinking about their future lives, and proposes, as a basis for further research, three ideal typical models.