Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Story of Equine Atypical Myopathy: A Review from the Beginning to a Possible End

Atypical myopathy (AM) is a frequently fatal seasonal pasture myopathy that emerges in Europe. Outbreaks are of an acute and unexpected nature and practitioners should be prepared to handle these critically ill patients. This review retraces the history of AM and describes results of epidemiological investigations that were conducted to raise hypotheses concerning the etiology of this devastating disease as well as to be able to suggest potential preventive measures. Also, clinical studies have contributed to a better definition and recognition of the syndrome, whereas elucidation of the pathological process, identified as a multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), was a great step forward improving medical management of AM and guiding the search for the etiological agent towards toxins that reproduce the identified defect. Treatment plans can be extrapolated from the described clinical signs and metabolic problems, but they remain limited to supportive care until the causative agent has been identified with certainty. Since treatment is still unsuccessful in the majority of cases, the main emphasis is currently still on prevention. This paper aims at being a practical support for equine clinicians dealing with AM and is based on discussion and comparison of the currently available scientific data.
Comparing scanning behaviour in web search on small and large screens

Although web search on mobile devices is common, little is known about how users read search result lists on a small screen. We used eye tracking to compare users' scanning behaviour of web search engine result pages on a small screen (hand-held devices) and a large screen (desktops or laptops). The objective was to determine whether search result pages should be designed differently for mobile devices. To compare scanning behaviour, we considered only the fixation time and scanning strategy using our new method called 'Trackback'. The results showed that on a small screen, users spend relatively more time to conduct a search than they do on a large screen, despite tending to look less far ahead beyond the link that they eventually select. They also show a stronger tendency to seek information within the top three results on a small screen than on a large screen. The reason for this tendency may be difficulties in reading and the relative location of page folds. The results clearly indicated that scanning behaviour during web search on a small screen is different from that on a large screen. Thus, research efforts should be invested in improving the presentation of search engine result pages on small screens, taking scanning behaviour into account. This will help provide a better search experience in terms of search time, accuracy of finding correct links, and user satisfaction.
Structural Divisions of Personality and the Classification of Traits

Structural models divide the personality system and its associated traits into distinct areas. Four structural models are examined in regard to how well they do this. Three of the models—the trilogy of mind, Freud's structural model, and the recently introduced systems set—divide personality and its traits on conceptual bases. The last model, the 5-factor model, divides personality on an empirical basis. Two demonstration studies showed that expert judges who used the trilogy of mind and the systems set could reliably classify traits according to each set's conceptual divisions. The systems set provided a more reliable, comprehensive organization of traits than the trilogy of mind and generated a division of traits that contrasted provocatively with the 5-factor division.
Moving Subjects, Stagnant Paradigms: Can the ‘Mobilities Paradigm’ Transcend Methodological Nationalism?

This article contends that an emerging ‘mobilities paradigm’ within the social sciences reproduces an analytical gaze that is predominantly fixated on the movement of people across national borders. This privileging of state borders and categories in many of the mobilities studies should alert us to the extent to which it brings novelty to our examination of human mobility in the world. By analysing the flow of migrant workers from rural China to Israel, this article demonstrates how new insights regarding the importance and meaning of crossing national borders can be generated by looking at mobilities through the eyes of those involved in them, allowing state categories and national borders to prefigure in the analysis to an extent and form that are relevant for migrants. The article depicts the mobility-ridden life of Tseng, who comes from a small village in Fujian province and who, after migrating internally in China several times, decides to go to Israel. Highlighting the importance of unequal capital accumulation in shaping human mobility, the article questions some taken-for-granted assumptions about the motivation and situation of those who exercise international mobility; it particularly upsets a prevalent association in migration studies between physical and socio-economic mobility.
Perifosine sensitizes curcumin‐induced anti‐colorectal cancer effects by targeting multiple signaling pathways both in vivo and in vitro

Our study shows that coadministration of curcumin and an orally bioactive alkylphospholipid perifosine results in a significant increase in colorectal cancer cell apoptosis and a marked inhibition of cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. This novel combinatorial regimen leads to changes of multiple cell signaling pathways including inactivation of Akt and nuclear factor‐κB as well as activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Further, perifosine and curcumin synergistically increase intracellular level of reactive oxygen species and ceramide, and downregulate the expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl‐2 in colorectal cancer cells. These changes at molecular level together account for the cancer cell apoptosis and growth inhibition. We conclude that perifosine sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to curcumin by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Adding perifosine with curcumin may represent an effective therapy regimen against colorectal cancers, and possible other aggressive tumors.
What Effects Does Necrotic Area of Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Have on Further Compression and Clinical Outcome?

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between further compression and necrotic area in osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) patients with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI). In addition, we investigated the radiological and clinical outcome according to the range of the necrotic area. Methods Between 2012 and 2014, the study subjects were 82 OVF patients who did not undergo vertebroplasty or surgical treatment. The fracture areas examined on CEMRI at admission were defined as edematous if enhancement was seen and as necrotic if no enhancement was seen. The correlation between further compression and the necrotic and edematous areas of CEMRI, age, and bone mineral density was examined. Also, necrotic areas were classified into those with less than 25% (non-necrosis group) and those with more than 25% (necrosis group) according to the percentages of the entire vertebral body. For both groups, further compression and the changes in wedge and kyphotic angles were examined at admission and at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after admission, while the clinical outcomes were compared using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status grade. Results Further compression was 14.78±11.11% at 1 month and 21.75±14.43% at 6 months. There was a very strong correlation between the necrotic lesion of CEMRI and further compression (r=0.690, p<0.001). The compression of the necrosis group was 33.52±12.96%, which was higher than that of the non-necrosis group, 14.96±10.34% (p<0.005). Also, there was a statistically significantly higher number of intervertebral cleft development and surgical treatments being performed in the necrosis group than in the non-necrosis group (p<0.005). Moreover, there was a statistical difference in the decrease in the height of the vertebral body, and an increase was observed in the kyphotic change of wedge angle progression. There was also a difference in the VAS and ECOG performance scales. Conclusion The necrotic area of CEMRI in OVF had a strong correlation with further compression over time. In addition, with increasing necrosis, intervertebral clefts occurred more frequently, which induced kyphotic changes and resulted in poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, identifying necrotic areas by performing CEMRI on OVF patients would be helpful in determining their prognosis and treatment course.
The predictive values of beta1‐adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptor autoantibodies for sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic heart failure

Clinical and animal studies suggest that beta1‐adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptor autoantibodies (beta1‐AAbs and M2‐AAbs) play important roles in the pathophysiological process of chronic heart failure (CHF). Removal of these autoantibodies improved haemodynamic parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction patients with CHF. The goal of this project is to evaluate whether beta1‐AAbs and M2‐AAbs predict prognosis and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in CHF.
Unveiling the Novel Dual Specificity Protein Kinases in Bacillus anthracis

Background: Characterization of Ser/Thr protein kinases present in Bacillus anthracis genome. Results: Dual specificity protein kinases were identified, of which one is similar to the eukaryotic DYRK superfamily. Conclusion: B. anthracis has lost key tyrosine kinases and gained novel dual specificity kinases. Significance: Reporting the first prokaryotic enzyme similar to DYRKs shows that this class of enzymes is not restricted to eukaryotes. Dual specificity protein kinases (DSPKs) are unique enzymes that can execute multiple functions in the cell, which are otherwise performed exclusively by serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. In this study, we have characterized the protein kinases Bas2152 (PrkD) and Bas2037 (PrkG) from Bacillus anthracis. Transcriptional analyses of these kinases showed that they are expressed in all phases of growth. In a serendipitous discovery, both kinases were found to be DSPKs. PrkD was found to be similar to the eukaryotic dual specificity Tyr phosphorylation-regulated kinase class of dual specificity kinases, which autophosphorylates on Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues and phosphorylates Ser and Thr residues on substrates. PrkG was found to be a bona fide dual specificity protein kinase that mediates autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation on Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. The sites of phosphorylation in both of the kinases were identified through mass spectrometry. Phosphorylation on Tyr residues regulates the kinase activity of PrkD and PrkG. PrpC, the only known Ser/Thr protein phosphatase, was also found to possess dual specificity. Genistein, a known Tyr kinase inhibitor, was found to inhibit the activities of PrkD and PrkG and affect the growth of B. anthracis cells, indicating a possible role of these kinases in cell growth and development. In addition, the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase was found to be phosphorylated by PrkD on Ser and Thr residues but not by PrkG. Thus, this study provides the first evidence of DSPKs in B. anthracis that belong to different classes and have different modes of regulation.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor associated with induction treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia: a randomized trial by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Cooperative Group.

PURPOSE To assess the value of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for induction treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), both for priming of leukemic cells and for acceleration of hematopoietic recovery. PATIENTS AND METHODS GM-CSF was administered 5 micrograms/kg/d by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion during induction therapy with daunorubicin (DNR) (days 1 to 3) and cytarabine (ARA-C) (days 1 to 7). A total of 102 patients were randomized onto four arms, as follows: (1) GM-CSF 24 hours before and during chemotherapy (arm +/-); (2) GM-CSF after chemotherapy until day 28 or recovery of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (arm -/+);(3) GM-CSF before, during, and after chemotherapy (arm +/+); or (4) no GM-CSF (arm -/-). Stopping rules were applied in case of an initial WBC count greater than 30 x 10(9)/L or a secondary increase of circulating blast cells. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS The complete remission (CR) rates were 77% (arm -/-), 72% (arm +/-), 48% (arm -/+), and 46% (arm +/+). Patients randomized to receive GM-CSF after induction (arms -/+ and +/+) had a significantly lower CR rate (P = .008) and a trend toward accelerated recovery of neutrophils, but no fewer infections or induction deaths. The lower CR rate appeared to be related to an increased resistance rate, with persistent leukemia. The main side effects of GM-CSF were fluid retention and hypotension. CONCLUSION GM-CSF administered during induction treatment of AML with a DNR/Ara-C combination did not provide any clinical benefit. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the CR rate with more persistent leukemia when GM-CSF was administered during the hypoplastic phase after the chemotherapy courses.
Cost reduction and evaluation of temporary faults detecting technique

IC technologies are approaching the ultimate limits of silicon in terms of channel width, power supply and speed. By approaching these limits, circuits are becoming increasingly sensitive to noise, which will result in unacceptable rates of soft-errors. Furthermore, defect behavior is becoming increasingly complex resulting in increasing number of timing faults that can escape detection by fabrication testing. Thus, fault tolerant techniques will become necessary even for commodity applications. This work considers the implementation and improvements of a new soft error and timing error detecting technique based on time redundancy. Arithmetic circuits were used as test vehicle to validate the approach. Simulations and performance evaluations of the proposed detection technique were made using time and logic simulators. The obtained results show that detection of such temporal faults can be achieved by means of meaningful hardware and performance cost.
Increase in Salicylic Acid at the Onset of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Cucumber

In an effort to identify the signal compound that mediates systemic acquired resistance (SAR), changes in the content of phloem sap were monitored in cucumber plants inoculated with either tobacco necrosis virus or the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lagenarium. The concentration of a fluorescent metabolite was observed to increase transiently after inoculation, with a peak reached before SAR was detected. The compound was purified and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as salicylic acid, a known exogenous inducer of resistance. The data suggest that salicylic acid could function as the endogenous signal in the transmission of SAR in cucumber.
College Students' Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Men's and Women's Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise

Despite the many clear benefits of an active lifestyle, lack of physical activity is a significant health problem in the college population. A key issue in physical activity research is developing an understanding of motivation. Although physical activity takes many forms, most research designed to enhance motivation for and adherence to physical activity focuses on exercise behavior and ignores sport participation. In this study, the authors compare motivations for sport participation versus exercise among college students. Results indicate that participants were more likely to report intrinsic motives, such as enjoyment and challenge, for engaging in sport, whereas motivations for exercise were more extrinsic and focused on appearance and weight and stress management. The findings suggest that motives for sport participation are more desirable than those for exercise and may facilitate improved adherence to physical activity recommendations.
Pediatric Jejunoileitis:: A Severe Crohn's Disease Phenotype That Requires Intensive Nutritional Management

Background:Jejunoileitis (JI) is an unusual manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD) that has been associated with high morbidity and the frequent need for surgical intervention. Although the disease has been well-described in adults, the true prevalence and clinical phenotype in children is unknown. Aim:To compare the clinical course and nutritional impact of CD in children with and without proximal small bowel involvement. Methods:Patients with either Crohn's jejunitis or JI with or without colonic involvement were identified through a clinical database (1996–2002). All radiologic studies were reviewed by an experienced radiologist blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Thirty-six patients with CD without histologic or radiologic signs of proximal small bowel involvement were used for comparison. All medical, surgical, and hematologic parameters were compared in both disease groups. Results:Among the 134 patients with CD, 23 (17%) had radiologic signs of JI, including intestinal fold thickening (57%), luminal narrowing (31%), and skip lesions (13%). Enteric fistula (6%) and strictures (6%) were less common. Patients with JI were likely to be stunted at the time of diagnosis, require surgical intervention (P < 0.03) and nutritional therapy in the form of nasogastric tube feeds (P < 0.03). Nutritional therapy was also associated with an improvement in height in patients with proximal small bowel disease (OR:5.87). Discussion:JI is a relatively common disease phenotype in children with CD that requires aggressive nutritional and surgical intervention. Future studies are required to determine if the early detection and use of immune modulators may lessen the morbidity associated with proximal small bowel disease.
Who am I? Mothers’ shifting identities, loss and sensemaking after workplace exit

We analyse mothers’ retrospective accounts of their transition from professional worker to stay-at-home mother using a framework that integrates sensemaking and border theory. The data come from in-depth interviews with former professional and managerial women in London. Continuing struggles to reconcile professional and maternal identities before and after workplace exit illustrate how identity change is integral to workplace exit. The concept of ‘choice’, which takes place at one point in time, obfuscates this drawn-out process. Mothers pay a high cost in lost professional identities, especially in the initial stages after workplace exit. They cope with this loss and the disjuncture of leaving employment by moving back and forth across the border between home and work – a classic action of sensemaking. Subsequent communal sensemaking and community action bolster mothers’ fragile status at home, eventually leading to reconciliation of their loss and finally enabling them to view their exit ‘choice’ as right.
Diversification, Biotic Interchange, and the Universal Trade-Off Hypothesis

Competition theory predicts that multispecies coexistence requires that species have traits that fall on the same interspecific trade-off surface. Fossil records for mollusks, mammals, trees, and other taxa show that with rare exception, ecologically similar species have coexisted for a million years or more after interchange between formerly isolated realms. This coexistence suggests the possibility, termed the universal trade-off hypothesis, that ecologically similar species of different realms have been bound to the same interspecific trade-off surface despite millions of years of independent evolution. Such persistence fails to support the biogeographic superiority hypothesis, which posits that genetic drift, recombination, mutation, and selection would cause taxa of one realm to gain superiority over those of another realm during long periods of isolation. Analysis of the lengths of time that species have persisted once in contact suggests that the trade-off surfaces of realms differed by <0.1% at the time of interchange. This implies that macroevolutionary patterns of differentiation and speciation within and between realms were more likely the movement of traits on a common trade-off surface rather than directional selection achieved without compensatory trade-offs and costs. The existence of transrealm trade-offs, should further work support this possibility, has deep implications for ecology and evolution.
The Influence of an In-service Teacher Training (INSET) Programme on Attitudes towards Inclusion by Regular Classroom Teachers Who Teach Deaf Students in Primary Schools in Turkey

Abstract The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of an INSET programme on regular classroom teachers' attitudes towards deaf students educated in regular primary schools. In this research project, a quantitative research approach is used involving randomised allocation of subjects to groups, and a pre-test — post-test design. The sample for each group consisted of a random allocation of 61 teachers to an experimental group and 61 teachers to a control group. The research instruments were: 1) a programme of INSET courses based on the Deaf Friendly Teaching: Practical Guidance for Teachers Working with Deaf Children (National Deaf Children's Society, 2004), and 2) ‘The Opinions Relative to Mainstreaming’ survey, which was developed by Antonak and Larrivee (1995), and was translated and adapted by Krcaali-Iftar (1997) in Turkey. The results indicated that the teachers in the experimental group increased their knowledge about deafness and that their attitudes were significantly more positive. In particular, the teachers' attitudes changed in relation to classroom management and knowledge about the education of deaf students in inclusive settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Release of cartilage and bone macromolecules into synovial fluid: differences between psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE To elucidate whether differences in the destructive tissue process in cartilage and bone in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be recognised by different release patterns of molecular fragments derived from joint tissue. METHODS Aggrecan, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were quantified by immunoassays in knee joint synovial fluid samples. These were obtained early in the disease course of patients with PsA and RA. At the time of arthrocentesis radiographs of their knee and hip joints were normal. RESULTS At follow up no destruction had developed in the knees and hips of most patients with PsA (n=18), whereas the patients with RA could be separated into one “destructive” group (n=18) and one “non-destructive” group (n=25). Patients with PsA had low synovial fluid aggrecan concentrations (p<0.001 v the RA destructive group) but high COMP concentrations (p<0.01 and p<0.05v destructive and non-destructive RA groups, respectively). Consequently, the aggrecan/COMP ratio was lowest in the PsA group (p<0.001 and p<0.01 v the destructive and non-destructive RA group, respectively). The synovial fluid concentrations of BSP did not differ between the three patient groups. CONCLUSIONS The release pattern of aggrecan and COMP, reflecting cartilage turnover, differed between the PsA group and, particularly, the destructive RA group. This suggests that different pathophysiological mechanisms for cartilage involvement operate in these conditions, with different destructive potential. The BSP concentrations did not differ between the patients groups, which indicates similar levels of bone involvement.