Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Citrus fruit intake and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Abstract Epidemiological studies have investigated the association between citrus fruit and bladder cancer risk; however, the results are inconsistent. To assess these issues, we conducted a meta-analysis of currently available studies. We identified relevant articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We calculated the summary relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random effect model. We included eight case–control studies and six cohort studies in the meta-analysis. There was a significant inverse association between citrus fruit intake and bladder cancer risk in all pooled studies (RR: 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76–0.94) and case–control studies (RR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.92), but not in the cohort studies (RR: 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87–1.07). Our results suggest that citrus fruit intake is related to decreased bladder cancer risk. Subsequent well-designed, large prospective studies are needed to obtain better understanding of this relationship.
First Nations Education in Canada: The Circle Unfolds

Introduction Eastern Door: Reconceptualizing First Nations Education 1. Towards a Redefinition of Indian Education 2. Peacekeeping Actions at Home: A Medicine Wheel Model for a Peacekeeping Pedagogy 3. Redefining Science Education for Aboriginal Students Southern Door: Connecting with and Maintaining Our Relations 4. Aboriginal Epistemology 5. Quaslametko and Yetko: Two Grandmother Models for Contemporary Native Education Pedagogy 6. Language and Cultural Content in Native Education 7. Learning Processes and Teaching Roles in Native Education: Cultural Base and Cultural Brokerage Western Door: Meeting the Challenge of Incoherence 8. A Major Challenge for the Education System: Aboriginal Retention and Dropout 9. Teacher Education and Aboriginal Opposition 10. The Challenge for Universities 11. Non-Native Teachers Teaching in Native Communities Northern Door: Transforming First Nations Education 12. Treaties and Indian Education 13. Taking Control: Contradiction and First Nations Adult Education 14. Locally Developed Native Studies Curriculum: An Historical and Philosophical Rationale 15. The Sacred Circle: An Aboriginal Approach to Healing Education at an Urban High School Bibliography of First Nations Pedagogy Contributors Index
A sense of place: Ecological identity as a driver for catchment volunteering

This paper is based on the results of a study of people who volunteer for environmental organisations with a catchment focus. The aim of the study was to capture all of the ways that participants experience catchment volunteering, to gain a deep understanding of why people might undertake such work, and what the social and environmental benefits might be. Data were collected through a qualitative research approach known as phenomenography which seeks variation in the ways individuals experience certain phenomena (Marton 1994; Saljo 1988). One of the major themes that emerged from this study was that developing and maintaining an ecological identity is important in sustaining catchment volunteer commitment. Results suggest that many respondents strongly identified with the physical location where the catchment volunteering took place, and that this ‘sense of place’ can be cultivated to foster active volunteer groups. Identity centred on a particular place can be acquired through the development of shared values, beliefs and interests of the volunteers. These are built over time through collective experiences. The paper concludes by suggesting that both a ‘sense of place’ and the development of an ecological identity can be a strong motivator for further volunteering.
A General Framework For Task-Oriented Network Inference

We present a brief introduction to a flexible, general network inference framework which models data as a network space, sampled to optimize network structure to a particular task. We introduce a formal problem statement related to influence maximization in networks, where the network structure is not given as input, but learned jointly with an influence maximization solution.
Involvement of CRFR1 in the Basolateral Amygdala in the Immediate Fear Extinction Deficit

Abstract Several animal and clinical studies have highlighted the ineffectiveness of fear extinction sessions delivered shortly after trauma exposure. This phenomenon, termed the immediate extinction deficit, refers to situations in which extinction programs applied shortly after fear conditioning may result in the reduction of fear behaviors (in rodents, frequently measured as freezing responses to the conditioned cue) during extinction training, but failure to consolidate this reduction in the long term. The molecular mechanisms driving this immediate extinction resistance remain unclear. Here we present evidence for the involvement of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in male Wistar rats. Intra-BLA microinfusion of the CRFR1 antagonist NBI30775 enhances extinction recall, whereas administration of the CRF agonist CRF6–33 before delayed extinction disrupts recall of extinction. We link the immediate fear extinction deficit with dephosphorylation of GluA1 glutamate receptors at Ser845 and enhanced activity of the protein phosphatase calcineurin in the BLA. Their reversal after treatment with the CRFR1 antagonist indicates their dependence on CRFR1 actions. These findings can have important implications for the improvement of therapeutic approaches to trauma, as well as furthering our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying fear-related disorders.
Prevalence of Helicobacter spp in chronic cholecystitis and correlation with changes on the histological pattern of the gallbladder.

PURPOSE Establish the prevalence of Helicobacter spp in chronic cholecystitis and its correlation with the gallbladder's histological findings. METHODS 100 patients were operated for chronic cholecystitis with cholecystolithiasis. In pathological examination of the gallbladder, were evaluated the presence of metaplasia, dysplasia, lymphoid follicles, anaplasia and tumors that might be related to the presence of Helicobacter plus the presence of the bacilli Giemsa(+) by optical microscopy. From the DNA extracted from the gallbladder's bile, PCR was performed by using specific primers for the identification of Helicobacter spp with amplification of the 400bp segment of rRNA gene16S, with positive control DNA from Helicobacter pylori. All the cases negative for isolation of genetic material were excluded. The cases of PCRTheta and GiemsaTheta were used as negative control group. The histological findings were compared to the presence of bacilli and PCR data using a chi-square and Fisher's Exact test (CI = 95.0%, p <0.05). RESULTS Of 68 patients, 42 (61.8%) were PCR(+) for Helicobacter spp and 19 (27.9%) had Giemsa(+). There was no correlation between the two findings. The PCR(+) for Helicobacter spp was not correlated to the histological findings. The presence of lymphoid follicles and metaplasia was related to the Giemsa(+) (p = 0.025 and p= 0.039). CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of Helicobacter spp in patients with chronic cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis without be correlated with the histological patterns studied.
Evaluation of the TSI aerosol impactor 3306/3321 system using a redesigned impactor stage with solution and suspension metered-dose inhalers

The purpose of this research was to evaluate a redesigned impactor stage for the TSI Model 3306 Impactor Inlet with nozzles adjusted to obtain a target cut-point of 4.7 μm. It has been determined that the previous cut-point used in the Model 3306 was nominally closer to 4.14 μm, thus potentially impacting the characterization of aerosol mass. The reassessment of the Model 3306 was performed on 4 solution and 2 suspension metered-dose inhaler (MDI) formulations. The redesigned impactor stage resulted in a 5% to 6% increase in aerosol mass when compared with the previous impactor stage for the products Ventolin-HFA, Proventil-HFA, and 2 cyclosporin solution formulations with high ethanol concentrations (15% wt/wt). For the formulations with low ethanol concentrations (3% wt/wt), minimal differences were observed between the 2 cut-points. In addition, this study reevaluated the requirement of a vertical inlet extension length when using the TSI 3306/3321 system with the redesigned cut-point. It was shown that the use of a 20-cm extension provides mass and aerosol size distributions that are comparable to the Andersen 8-stage Cascade Impactor, for both solution and suspension MDIs. This work indicates that the TSI 3306/3321 system is suitable for preformulation studies of both suspension and solution MDI systems.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PREDICTORS OF THE SUBJECTIVE MANAGERIAL CAREER SUCCESS IN TURKEY

Ozet: Bu calisma ulkemizdeki yoneticilerin oznel yonetimsel kariyer basarilarinin belirleyicilerini incelemeyi amaclamistir. Calismada fmansal basarilar, hiyararsik basarilar ve kariyer tatmini oznel yonetimsel kariyer basarilari olarak ele alinmistir. Oznel yonetimsel kariyer basarilarinin belirleyicileri olarak demografik ozellikler, insan sermayesi, is degeri, aile ve orgiH-yapj degiskenleri secilmistir, 246 yoneticimizden elde edilen verilere regresyon analizi uygulanmistir. Analiz sonuclarina gore, agirlikli olarak, demografik ozelikler, is degeri ve orgiit-yapi bagimsiz degiskenleri, bagimli degisken olarak ele alinan oznel yonetimsel kariyer basarilarinin uc yonu uzerinde etkili olmustur. Abstract: The main purpose of this research is to examine the nature of the predictors of subjective career success of the managers in Turkey. Career satisfaction, hierarchical success, and financial success were used as subjective career success in the study. Demographic variables, human capital, work values, family, and structural or work variables were selected for the study as determinants of subjective career success. Regression was analysed the data obtained from 246 managers. According to the analysis result, independent variables including demographic, work value and structural variables have affected the three dimensions of subjective career success.
The Power and Authority of Materials in the Classroom Ecology

The article discusses the use of teaching materials, such as textbooks, in the teaching of languages, using the 2013 article "Materials in the Classroom Ecology" by Anne Marie Guerrettaz and Bill Johnston. Topics discussed include the power and authority of these materials, the use of these materials as curriculum, and the relationship between these materials and language acquisition.
CONVERGENT VALIDITY BETWEEN FIELD TESTS OF ISOMETRIC CORE STRENGTH, FUNCTIONAL CORE STRENGTH, AND SPORT PERFORMANCE VARIABLES IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS

The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Jeffrey Scott Wagner, and they evaluated his presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing this thesis was one of the most difficult yet rewarding experiences that I have embarked on, both personally and educationally. My development through this process would not have been possible without the contributions of so many others. Most of all I would like to thank my parents, Eric and Jeanne, and my brother, Chris, for all of their support and words of encouragement. I strived to make them proud of the work I did; they were my motivation to succeed. Thanks to all my friends for their support and for providing me with a life outside of school, which produced so many fun memories, while at Boise State. Thanks to Raj Issuree, MPT, for his guidance in the development of this thesis. The knowledge he passed on to me was invaluable. Thanks to Niki Taylor and the College of Idaho women's soccer team for taking part in my study. A special thanks to Bill Sando and John Thornton for being a constant reminder and driving force behind me to finish what I started. Thank you to my thesis committee chairperson, Dr. Simonson. He has worked with me from the start of this process and I cannot begin to thank him enough for all of the time he spent reviewing my work. Thanks to my thesis committee members, Dr. Ransdell and Dr. Dugan, for all of their input, which helped strengthen my work. I am truly indebted to my thesis committee for their guidance, which helped shape this thesis. Once again, thank you to everyone for all of your help and support. You were as big a part of this as I was and this would not have been possible without all of you.
Plaintext Recovery Attacks against SSH

This paper presents a variety of plaintext-recovering attacks against SSH. We implemented a proof of concept of our attacks against OpenSSH, where we can verifiably recover 14 bits of plaintext from an arbitrary block of ciphertext with probability $2^{-14}$ and 32 bits of plaintext from an arbitrary block of ciphertext with probability $2^{-18}$. These attacks assume the default configuration of a 128-bit block cipher operating in CBC mode. The paper explains why a combination of flaws in the basic design of SSH leads implementations such as OpenSSH to be open to our attacks, why current provable security results for SSH do not cover our attacks, and how the attacks can be prevented in practice.
Targeted disruption of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored surface antigen SAG3 gene in Toxoplasma gondii decreases host cell adhesion and drastically reduces virulence in mice

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is able to invade a broad range of cells within its mammalian hosts through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Several glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored antigens found in the parasite membrane are considered as major determinants in the critical interactions with the host cell. We have discovered that two of these surface antigens, SAG1 and SAG3, share significant identity, with considerable similarities in structure, suggesting an overall conserved topology. To investigate their physiological roles further, we have generated T. gondii mutants deficient in SAG3 through gene disruption. The disrupted strains display at least a twofold reduction in host cell invasion when compared with wild‐type parasites. This correlated with a similar decrease in host cell adhesion in the SAG3 null mutants. Importantly, the null SAG3 mutants show attenuated infectivity, with a markedly reduced capacity to cause mortality in mice, whereas both wild‐type and complemented mutants that re‐expressed SAG3 were lethal at the same doses. Taken together, our results indicate that SAG3 is one member of the redundant system of T. gondii receptors that act as ligands mediating host cell recognition and attachment.
Galectin-3-independent Down-regulation of GABABR1 due to Treatment with Korean Herbal Extract HAD-B Reduces Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cells

Objectives: Many efforts have shown multi-oncologic roles of galectin-3 for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which galectin-3 is involved in cell proliferation are not yet fully understood, especially in human colon cancer cells. Methods: To cluster genes showing positively or negatively correlated expression with galectin-3, we employed human colon cancer cell lines, SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-769B, SNU-C4 and SNU-C5 in high-throughput gene expression profiling. Gene and protein expression levels were determined by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The proliferation rate of human colon cancer cells was measured by using a 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: Expression of γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 (GABABR1) showed a positive correlation with galectin-3 at both the transcriptional and the translational levels. Downregulation of galectin-3 decreased not only GABABR1 expression but also the proliferation rate of human colon cancer cells. However, Korean herbal extract, HangAmDan-B (HAD-B), decreased expression of GABABR1 without any expressional change of galectin-3, and offset γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enhanced human colon cancer cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our present study confirmed that GABABR1 expression was regulated by galectin-3. HAD-B induced galectin-3-independent down-regulation of GABABR1, which resulted in a decreased proliferation of human colon cancer cells. The therapeutic effect of HAD-B for the treatment of human colon cancer needs to be further validated.
Width/length ratios of normal clinical crowns of the maxillary anterior dentition in man.

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the clinical crown of the 3 tooth groups of the maxillary anterior sextant of the permanent dentition of normal subjects with respect to (i) width, length and the width/length ratios and (ii) determine if there is a correlation between tooth dimensions or tooth group ratios and subject height. Subjects (> or = 20 y.o.) were recruited for this study if (i) the free gingival margin on the facial surface of teeth in the maxillary sextant was positioned apical to the cervical bulge, (ii) there was no evidence of attachment loss; as determined by lack of a detectable CEJ and (iii) the marginal tissue was knife edged in form, firm in consistency and coral pink in color. Teeth were excluded if (i) there was evidence of gingival alteration, i.e., gingival overgrowth/hyperplasia, inflammation, altered passive eruption, attachment loss, gingival recession or history of periodontal surgery, or (ii) there was evidence or history of incisal edge/proximal tooth alteration as in, i.e., restorative intervention, traumatic injury or occlusal wear into dentin. At least 1 suitable tooth from each tooth group of the maxillary anterior dentition had to be present. A maxillary impression was taken and poured in yellow die stone. The widest mesial-distal portion and the longest apical-coronal portion of the test teeth were measured. Gender, ethnicity and subject height (SH) were recorded for each participant. Due to a limited ethnic diversity only data from the Caucasian group were analyzed. The mean coronal tooth width (mm) of males versus females was CI: 8.59 versus 8.06, LI: 6.59 versus 6.13 and CA: 7.64 versus 07.15. The mean coronal tooth length (mm) of males versus females was CI: 10.19 versus 9.39, LI: 8.70 versus 7.79 and CA: 10.06 versus 8.89. All width and length measures were significantly greater for males than for females. The mean coronal tooth width/length ratios for males versus females was CI: 0.85 versus 0.86, LI: 0.76 versus 0.79 and CA: 0.77 versus 0.81. A comparison between genders of the width/length ratios of the CI and LI were found not to differ, however the CA ratio for females was significantly greater than for males. A statistically significant difference was found to exist between the mean (cm) SH for males versus females: 181.2 versus 164.0. A positive correlation (p < or = 0.0001 to 0.0691) was found to exist between tooth group width/height ratios within genders. No significant correlation was found between any of the tooth dimensions or tooth group ratios and SH. The results of this study indicate that within male and female Caucasians, the mean width/length ratio of the maxillary 3 anterior tooth groups is 0.81. As well, within both genders there is a positive correlation between tooth group width/length ratios. The significance of these findings with respect to periodontal mucogingival plastic surgical procedures is discussed.
Vision Based Hand Gesture Recognition for Indian Sign Languages Using Local Binary Patterns with Support Vector Machine Classifier

Sign Language is a language which uses visually transmitted sign patterns to convey meaning by simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to fluently express one's thoughts / communicate with others and is commonly used by the physically impaired people who cannot speak or hear. Automatic Sign Language system requires fast and accurate techniques for identifying static signs or a sequence of produced signs to help interpret their correct meaning. Major components of a Sign Languages are Hand Gesture. In this paper, a robust approach for recognition of bare-handed static sign language is presented, using a novel combination of features. These include Local Binary Patterns (LBP) histogram features based on color and depth information, and also geometric features of the hand. Linear binary Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers are used for recognition, coupled with template matching in the case of multiple matches. This research aim towards working on hand gesture recognition for sign language interpretation as a Human Computer Interaction application.
Maximum entropy methods for biological sequence modeling

Many of the same modeling methods used in natural languages, specifically Markov models and HMM's, have also been applied to biological sequence analysis. In recent years, natural language models have been improved upon by using maximum entropy methods which allow information based upon the entire history of a sequence to be considered. This is in contrast to the Markov models, whose predictions generally are based on some fixed number of previous emissions, that have been the standard for most biological sequence models. To test the utility of Maximum Entropy modeling for biological sequence analysis, we used these methods to model amino acid sequences. Our results show that there is significant long-distance information in amino acid sequences and suggests that maximum entropy techniques may be beneficial for a range of biological sequence analysis problems.
The effect of whole-body hyperthermia combined with 'metronomic' chemotherapy on rat mammary adenocarcinoma metastases

Many women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer have undetected occult metastases at the time of their primary tumour diagnosis. The development and growth of these micro-metastases relies heavily on angiogenesis. Therefore, administering an angiogenesis-blocking treatment from the time of diagnosis could reduce the incidence of metastasis and, ultimately, increase patient survival. It is hypothesized that an antiangiogenesis strategy combining fever-range whole-body hyperthermia (FR-WBH) and metronomic chemotherapy could inhibit the development of metastatic disease with minimal toxicity. To test this theory, a low, daily dose of the topoisomerase-I inhibitor irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) was administered over a prolonged period of time to rats bearing the highly metastatic MTLn3 mammary adenocarcinoma primary tumour surgically excised on day 12 after implantation. The metronomic CPT-11 was combined with long-duration, low-temperature, fever-range whole body hyperthermia (FR-WBH). This systemic hyperthermia enhances chemotherapy-induced cytotoxicity as well as immunological activity. Both the group treated with FR-WBH alone and the combined FR-WBH+CPT-11 group had delayed onset and reduced incidence of axillary lymph node metastases compared to control ( p < 0.05). Combination therapy of FR-WBH+CPT-11 resulted in a significantly greater inhibition of axillary lymph node metastasis volume compared to both control and CPT-11 alone ( p < 0.02) at day 16. Interestingly, none of the therapies significantly affected inguinal lymph node metastases. Lung metastases were decreased by 36% at the time of death in rats treated with FR-WBH+CPT-11, by 25% in the CPT-11 alone group and by 14% in the FR-WBH alone group. Rats treated with FR-WBH, + CPT-11 survived significantly longer (35%) than control animals ( p < 0.04). Neither significant body weight loss nor gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in any group. These data suggest that, after excision of the primary tumour, FR-WBH and metronomic CPT-11 can be safely combined to reduce distant lymph node and lung metastases and, thus, to increase survival.