Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhythmic expression of BMAL1 mRNA is altered in Clock mutant mice: differential regulation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues.

BMAL1 is a putative clock gene which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)-PAS transcription factor. To examine whether the CLOCK protein is required for the circadian expression of BMAL1 mRNA, in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis were performed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissues of homozygous Clock mutant mice. In the SCN of Clock mutants, BMAL1 mRNA did not oscillate significantly but apparently expressed with low levels, while in wild-type mice the mRNA was robustly oscillated in a circadian manner. The peak-trough amplitudes of BMAL1 mRNA levels were 6.5-, 8.6-, and 6.7-fold in liver, heart, and kidney of wild-type mice, respectively. In Clock mutants, the amplitudes were extremely damped to 1.2-, 2.1-, and 1.4-fold, respectively. Furthermore, expressions of BMAL1 mRNA in the peripheral of Clock mutant mice were close to the peak level in wild-type mice, whereas mPer2 mRNA levels were severely blunted at trough values. Daily expression of albumin site D-binding protein (DBP), a clock controlled output gene (CCG), was also abolished at trough values by the Clock mutation in all tissues examined. These observations suggest that the circadian expression of BMAL1 mRNA is affected by the CLOCK-induced transcriptional feedback loop in the SCN and peripheral tissues in a different way and that the regulation mechanism appeared to be different from those in mPer2 and DBP expressions in vivo.
The Competent Boundary Spanner

Inter-organizational frameworks of intervention dominate the resolution of complex societal problems facing the UK and many other countries. Strategic alliances, joint working arrangements, networks, partnerships and many other forms of collaboration across sectoral and organizational boundaries currently proliferate across the policy landscape. However, the discourse is positioned at an institutional and organizational level, and comparatively little attention is accorded to the pivotal role of individual actors in the management of inter-organizational relationships. This paper attempts to redress this balance by focusing on the skills, competencies and behaviour of boundary spanners. A critical review of the relevant literature, both from an institutional and relational perspective, is undertaken. This is complemented by some new empirical research that involves an engagement with groups of particular types of boundary spanner using a combination of surveys and in-depth interviews. Finally, a discussion makes connections between the existing literature and the research findings and offers suggestions for future areas of enquiry.
Long-Term Stability of the Child Behavior Checklist in a Clinical Sample of Youth With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Evaluated the long-term stability of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in a longitudinal clinical sample of youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), testing the hypothesis that the CBCL scales will show stability over time. Participants were 105 Caucasian, non-Hispanic boys with ADHD between the ages of 6 and 17 assessed at baseline and at a 4-year follow-up. Stability of CBCL scales were computed for dimensional (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs], Pearson correlations) and dichotomized scale scores (kappa coefficients and odds ratios [ORs]). Evidence was found for stability of the categorical and dimensional types of scores, as demonstrated by statistically significant stability of the Pearson correlation coefficients, kappas, and ORs. The robust findings obtained from ICCs and kappa coefficients document substantial stability for CBCL scales over time within individuals with ADHD. These results support the informativeness of the CBCL as a useful measure of longitudinal course in clinical samples of youth with ADHD.
« Peurs en milieu carcéral : quand sentiments et expériences diffèrent »

Depuis les annees 1980 et surtout tout au long des annees 1990, de nombreux auteurs se sont penches sur le travail des agents de correction en milieu carceral, mettant en lumiere les difficultes auxquelles ils doivent faire face. Pour plusieurs, la prison serait a l’heure actuelle un lieu de travail potentiellement dangereux, dans lequel peur, stress, incertitude et sentiment d’insecurite constituent les realites quotidiennes des gardiens. Notre recherche avait pour objet d’approfondir ce sentiment d’insecurite chez les agents correctionnels selon une demarche quantitative. Quelque 368 agents de correction des etablissements federaux pour hommes du Quebec ont repondu aux questionnaires qui leur ont ete distribues. Tenus d’effectuer un certain nombre de tâches particulierement intrusives ou coercitives et devant faire face, dans de nombreux cas, a une forte population dans des lieux ou le controle est difficile, un nombre important de gardiens ne se sentent pas en securite dans leur milieu. Toutefois, si les craintes sont manifestes, ces dernieres ne s’appuient pas sur un phenomene de victimisation marque. Il ressort ainsi des donnees recueillies que ce milieu est un univers de paradoxes tant sur le plan de l’absence de concordance entre les risques reels encourus que sur le plan de l’absence de concordance entre la position d’autorite des surveillants et leur sentiment de vulnerabilite et d’impuissance. Dans l’exercice de leur travail et malgre les mesures de controle et de coercition mises en place dans les institutions carcerales, les agents de correction se sentent vulnerables.
Quick Victories?

Recent scholarship suggests that democracies tend to fight shorter conflicts that can be easily won. This is most likely due to the accountability incentives that constrain democratic leaders. Fearing removal from office, democratic leaders will try to choose short conflicts against weaker opponents. The authors question this argument by presenting an alternative explanation for the connection between democracy and shorter disputes and victories. Building on prior works that have identified a territorial peace, this article argues that democracies often have few territorial issues over which to contend. In fact, rarely do democracies have territorial disputes with their neighbors. Thus, democracies have less difficult issues to resolve, and this makes conflict escalation less likely against neighbors. Without neighbors ready to attack the homeland, states at territorial peace can more easily choose favorable conflicts to escalate. This logic applies to all states at territorial peace, of which democratic states are just a subset. Analyses of directed-dispute dyads between 1816 and 2001 provide confirmation for our argument. Regime type does not predict conflict selection or victory once controls are added for issue salience.
Parties and Democracy: Coalition Formation and Government Functioning in Twenty States

1. Explaining Democratic Government: Background Considerations 2. The General Theory of Party Government 3. Government Formation 4. The Distribution of Ministries 5. Party Influences on Government Policy 6. Government Termination: Causes and Effects 7. Parties Steering the State: Evaluation and Development of the Theory Appendix A: Party Factions and Cabinet Reshuffles Appendix B: Data: Sources and Preparation
Possibility that high energy neutrino telescopes could detect supernovae.

We have simulated the response of a high energy neutrino telescope to the stream of low energy neutrinos produced by a supernova. The nominal threshold of such detectors is in the GeV energy range. The passage of a large flux of MeV neutrinos during a period of seconds will nevertheless be detected as an excess of single counting rates in all individual optical modules. Detectors under construction, which consist of roughly 200 modules, will be able to detect a galactic supernova at or above the 5\ensuremath{\sigma} level. The rate of fake signals is, however, too large for the telescope to serve as a neutrino watch. Such capability requires detectors with roughly 3 times the number of optical modules; thus, this will be within easy reach of the next generation detectors.
The Partisan Affinities of Independent ‘Leaners’

For almost a decade we have taken issue with the prevailing view of independent voters. We showed that Independents, as they were usually defined, had nothing in common, and in fact were more diverse than either Democrats or Republicans. Virtually no generalizations about Independents were correct, except by accident, because they comprise three very different kinds of people. Most Independents acknowledge that they are closer to one or the other party. The crux of our argument was that this ‘leaning’ should outweigh an initial claim of independence when deciding how to classify respondents. Our most striking finding was that leaners vote like outright partisans. We interpreted this as evidence that most professed Independents are not neutral between the parties, but are nearly as partisan as avowed Democrats and Republicans. This conclusion had major implications for both mainstream and revisionist views of American politics, all the more so because of the growing numbers of Independents, who accounted for 38 per cent of the adult population by 1978, thus matching the Democrats and leaving Republicans in a distant third place.
Restoring the rights of future generations

This paper promotes the idea of Rights for Future Generations as one of the ethical principles on which politics, economics and justice in the 21st century should be based. It argues that environmental damage caused by current generations has already impaired the ability of future generations to meet their basic needs. As a result of this, it argues that the concept of Sustainable Development is now flawed and should be augmented by the concept of Restorative Development. This paper highlights areas where restoration can be effected and some of the mechanisms that will be required in economics, law and politics to support this restoration.
Platelet-rich plasma therapy: A novel application in regenerative medicine

Quick Response Code: Department of Transfusion Medicine, PGIMER, 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India Plasma samples with platelet concentration above base line values are referred to as plateletrich plasma (PRP). [1,2] The clinical effi cacy of the PRP was discovered in early 1990s when new “biological glues” were being discovered. They are at present being extensively used in many clinical and surgical fields requiring tissue regeneration such as orthopedics, dentistry, wound healing, and maxillofacial surgeries. [3] The therapeutic effect of PRP is attributed to the abundance of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and also some cytokines[4] primarily stored in alpha granules.
The prevention of money laundering in India

Outlines legislation in a country which was one of the first in the world to introduce anti‐money laundering legislation, a wartime measure in 1939, with later foreign exchange control laws up to 1973; more recent laws include the Foreign Exchange Management Act 1999 and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002. Summarises the provision of these two laws as they cover the offence of money laundering and its punishment; attachment, adjudication and confiscation; composition and powers of the adjudicating authorities; obligations of financial institutions and intermediaries, powers of summons and survey, search and seizure, the appellate tribunal, special courts, officers to assist in inquiry, and mutual assistance between India and other countries over information exchange, investigation, confiscation of illegally acquired property etc.
Polarimetric analysis of the MIMO-UWB channel in laboratories

In this paper, a 4 × 4 indoor multiple-input multiple-output ultra-wideband (MIMO-UWB) measurement campaign in the 2–5 GHz bandwidth is presented. The aim of this work is analyze the effect of radio-wave polarization as well as the effect of frequency dependence on MIMO-UWB systems working in laboratories environment. To achieve this, many parameters such as the mean path loss, the RMS delay spread, and the system capacity are analyzed, taking into account polarization and bandwidth.
Japanese Women Entrepreneurs: Implications for Family Firms

Japanese women entrepreneurs and their predominately family‐owned firms are a growing economic segment in apan. The number of entrepreneurs of both genders in apan is proportionately very small compared to other countries. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of Japanese women entrepreneurs and their family firms, identify barriers and resources that affect their success. A customized long‐term support system with strong connections between family business supporters and women business owners by both the governmental and private agencies was identified as important for further growth of Japanese women entrepreneurs. Implications are discussed.
Arbitrage-free market models for liquid options

Consider a financial market consisting of a bank account paying no interest, a stock S, and a collection of European call options C on S with various strikes K and maturities T . Assume that all these assets are traded liquidly. Our goal is to construct an arbitrage-free model of this market by specifying the joint dynamics of all traded assets explicitly via an SDE system. If the option collection consists of a single call C = C , it is natural to define the price process via its implied volatility σ. In an arbitrage-free framework, the process (S, σ) may then assume any value in (0,∞), and the corresponding option price automatically satisfies the static arbitrage bounds (St −K) ≤ Ct ≤ St and the terminal condition CT = (ST − K). But for more than one traded option, the prices C have to satisfy additional static arbitrage conditions across different strikes K and maturities T . These conditions take complex forms when expressed in implied volatilities, making it very difficult to specify arbitrage-free dynamics of the processes σ explicitly. We therefore propose to replace implied volatilities by new parametrizations of option prices. We consider three cases for our tradable options: • calls with one fixed strike K and all maturities T > 0. • calls with one fixed maturity T and all strikes K > 0. • finitely many calls with different strikes and maturities. For the first case we (re-)introduce forward implied volatilities, and for the last two cases local implied volatilities as new fundamental quantities. Each of them are deterministic functions of the corresponding C and parametrize in a natural and simple way the prices which are consistent with the static arbitrage conditions across maturities and/or strikes, respectively. We can then characterize absence of arbitrage in the model in terms of drift restrictions, i.e., conditions on the dynamics of the forward and local implied volatilities. For the resulting system of SDEs, we study the question of solvability and obtain sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of a solution. We provide explicit classes of coefficients satisfying the required assumptions,
From Bounded Rationality to Behavioral Economics: Comment on Amitai Etzioni Statement on Behavioral Economics, SASE, July, 2009

Amitai Etzioni’s short statement opens a very wide range of issues that I think cannot be adequately addressed in a panel of this kind. But it seems to me that the main question posed in the context of the Annual Meetings of SASE is that of how we should understand socio-economics as an intellectual endeavor and where we should look for help and support. For me, speaking here as an economist, what is interesting about the endeavor is that it represents an attempt to temper the almost exclusive emphasis in the discipline of economics upon the individual – an emphasis which is moreover both analytical and normative – with a recognition of and concern for the role of the society in which the individual is embedded. From this point of view, I think the emphasis on Herbert Simon’s notion of bounded rationality is misdirected. The issues once addressed in economics under this heading have since been reinterpreted, partly in response to the kinds of criticisms which Etzioni makes in his statement. They are now being explored in two research programs. One of these, which Etzioni does not mention, is economic institutionalism (a term which I use to distinguish the concern with institutions in economics from institutional concerns in other social science fields). The basic “assumption” here is that much of what Simon calls “rules of thumb,” which overcome the limits of rationality (or more exactly, the limits of our models of rationality), are actually legal rules and social norms. The discipline has come to make a distinction, following Douglass North (North, 1990), between formal rules and informal rules. The former are subject to overt contestation by the economic actors. North, and most economists as well, would have us model the behavior of the actors in that contest in terms of rational choice. But the
Private-Labels and the Channel Relationship: A Cross-Category Analysis

Retailers introduce private labels in a category not only to gain profits directly from the private label but also to use as a strategic weapon to elicit concessions from the national brand manufacturers. The authors show that, in certain categories, the retailer can gain better terms of trade by introducing a private label. The ability of the retailer to use the private label for this purpose is hypothesized to be inversely related to the risks consumers associate with purchasing in that category. The implications of the authors' model are supported by data from a cross section of grocery categories. Copyright 1998 by University of Chicago Press.
Variegation in Drosophila and the Inert Chromosome Regions.

At the time of their discovery, the variegated races of Drosophila (D. virilis, Demerec ('26); D. melanogaster, Muller ('30)) seemed to be promising material for the study of mutation. They have since developed rather into a puzzle sui generis. Members of the group have been discussed variously as mutable genes (Demerec ('28)), unstable translocations (Muller ('30), Patterson and Painter ('31, '32)) and, more recently, as a rather special type of duplication undergoing frequent somatic crossingover (Stern ('35)). The discussions have not been very satisfactory; partly because the data themselves have been inadequate for the formulation of general rules, excepting only Muller's correlation of the "eversporting" types in D. melanogaster with the occurrence of chromosome rearrangement. This paper summarizes the results of experiments with thirteen different variegations in Drosophila melanogaster. All of these belong tq.Tyuller's "eversporting displacements"-they are associated with chromosome rearrangements. Five involve the region around the white locus in chromosome 1; two the yellow region of the same chromosome; and the six remaining, the brown region of the second chromosome. I have attempted to determine what relation there might be between the nature of the rearrangements and the production of variegation. To this end, I have studied the characteristics of the rearrangements cytologically, in the salivary gland chromosomes; and the characteristics of the variegations, genetically, in relation to the different affected genes. Both series of data show a relation between variegation and the so-called "inert" regions. The first evidence of the sort came from the work of Gowen and Gay ('34), on the suppression of white-variegation by a supernumerary Y chromosome. This may now be extended; extent of variegation, that is, the proportion of "mutant" to wild type tissue, depends upon a quantitative relation between active and "inert" chromosome regions. In addition, however, the "inert" regions are involved in the rearrangements themselves. Thus both the chromosome structure associated with variegation and the extent of variegation are related to the "inert" chromosome regions. The variegated races form abnormal configurations of the salivary gland chromosomes as a direct result of their relation to the "inert" regions. In a nucleus with normal chromosomes, the "inert" regions are aggregated to VOL. 22, 1936 27
Segmenting American and Japanese Tourists on Novelty-seeking at Night Markets in Taiwan

Night markets are an essential part of Taiwanese life. Tourists wish to experience new things and visit different environments away from their homes. Thus, night markets can stimulate international tourists' novelty-seeking motives when visiting Taiwan. This research segments and profiles international tourists based on their novelty-seeking motives in visiting night markets. One hundred and forty Japanese tourists are segmented into three groups: enthusiastic novelty-seekers, local culture explorers and moderate familiarity observers. In comparison, 138 American tourists are segmented into two groups: independence-seekers and adaptable participants. Significant differences between the segments are found in gender, marital status, age, occupation and purpose of travel among Japanese tourists, while a similar situation exists among American groups, except that no significant difference exists in occupation. In addition, statistical differences were found with number of visits and companions on tourists' traveling characteristics when both American and Japanese tourists visited night markets. Furthermore, the differences in novelty-seeking between American and Japanese tourists when traveling to night markets are confirmed.
Levels of ability and functioning of persons living with HIV and AIDS using the WHO DAS II in a South African context

The study aimed to explore the relationships between socio-demographic variables and the domains of ability and functioning of the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule. The sample was made up of 607 persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Convenience sampling was used to identify participants. The results indicate that 66% classified themselves as having AIDS, 48% indicated that they were on ART, and 35% reported that they were currently on disability grant. Specific disability domains’ most affected among PLHIV included household activities, participation in society and mobility. The disease variables of lower CD4 counts and higher frequency of HIV symptoms, were associated with overall disability, while AIDS diagnosis and being on ART were principally not associated with disability. Most socio-demographic variables including disability grant status, age and marital status were not associated with overall disability, while lower educational level and not having a flush toilet, were associated with higher overall disability. KEYWORDS: Levels of disability, WHODAS II, disease variables, socio-economic variables, persons living with HIV, South Africa