Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Perspectives on the Role of Text and Agency in Constituting Organizations

Organizational discourse analysis, as an area of research, has grown in the past decade. Most scholars posit that language, regardless of the discursive form, is critical to the very nature of an organization. This article contends that discourse is more than an artifact or a reflection of an organization; rather it forms the foundation for organizing and for developing the notion oforganization as an entity. The articles in this volume present different perspectives on the role of text and agency in contributing to the constitution of organizations. Although the concept of text has different meanings in these articles, it refers, in general, to the medium of communication, collection of interactions, and assemblages of oral and written forms. Whether influenced by interaction analysis, structuration theory, text/conversation analysis or textual agency, these essays demonstrate how textuality in all its various forms participates in the production and reproduction of organizational life.
The relationship between epistemological beliefs, learning conceptions, and approaches to study: a cross-cultural structural model?

Recent research has shown interest in studying the relationship between epistemological beliefs and numerous aspects of learning. A new question interests us: Is this kind of relationship homogeneous across cultures? This study focuses on the relationship between epistemological beliefs, learning conceptions, and approaches to study. A sample of Chinese (n = 299) and Flemish (n = 324) first-year university students in Beijing, China and Flanders were involved in the study. A structural equation model (SEM) relating the three concepts was applied to the sample data, largely confirming the theoretical assumptions. The results validated the postulation that epistemological beliefs predict students' conceptions of learning, which in turn are related to specific approaches to study. Multiple group analysis using SEM was applied and the structural weights model was confirmed across the two cultural groups. Mean level variations of the three main concepts were detected between the Chinese and Flemish groups. The results identified in the study offer valuable contributions to a deeper understanding of the interplay between epistemological beliefs and student learning from a cross-cultural perspective. Implications for learning and instruction are discussed.
ATP Hydrolysis Is Critically Required for Function of CaV1.3 Channels in Cochlear Inner Hair Cells via Fueling Ca2+ Clearance

Sound encoding is mediated by Ca2+ influx-evoked release of glutamate at the ribbon synapse of inner hair cells. Here we studied the role of ATP in this process focusing on Ca2+ current through CaV1.3 channels and Ca2+ homeostasis in mouse inner hair cells. Patch-clamp recordings and Ca2+ imaging demonstrate that hydrolyzable ATP is essential to maintain synaptic Ca2+ influx in inner hair cells via fueling Ca2+-ATPases to avoid an increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] and subsequent Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent inactivation of CaV1.3 channels.
Heat Shock Proteins in Dermatophytes: Current Advances and Perspectives

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proteins whose transcription responds rapidly to temperature shifts. They constitute a family of molecular chaperones, involved in the proper folding and stabilisation of proteins under physiological and adverse conditions. HSPs also assist in the protection and recovery of cells exposed to a variety of stressful conditions, including heat. The role of HSPs extends beyond chaperoning proteins, as they also participate in diverse cellular functions, such as the assembly of macromolecular complexes, protein transport and sorting, dissociation of denatured protein aggregates, cell cycle control, and programmed cell death. They are also important antigens from a variety of pathogens, are able to stimulate innate immune cells, and are implicated in acquired immunity. In fungi, HSPs have been implicated in virulence, dimorphic transition, and drug resistance. Some HSPs are potential targets for therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of HSPs in dermatophytes, which are a group of keratinophilic fungi responsible for superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Computational analyses were performed to characterise the group of proteins in these dermatophytes, as well as to assess their conservation and to identify DNA-binding domains (5′-nGAAn-3′) in the promoter regions of the hsp genes. In addition, the quantification of the transcript levels of few genes in a pacC background helped in the development of an extended model for the regulation of the expression of the hsp genes, which supports the participation of the pH-responsive transcriptional regulator PacC in this process.
Transnational AIDS-HIV News Narratives: A Critical Exploration of Overarching Frames

This macrolevel study employs a social constructionist approach to analyze AIDS-HIV coverage in the 1990s by 5 transnational wire services: the Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, Reuters, Telegrafnoye Agenstvo Sovetskovo Soyuza, and Inter Press Service. Content was mainly analyzed for prominent themes, news makers, and representations of various world regions. Notions of news framing, characteristics of AIDS-HIV news discourse, and the politics of international news flow provided theoretical guidance. The findings indicate a slight shift away from the biomedical discourse foregrounded in AIDS news in the 1980s. Socioeconomic, public policy, and human-rights themes have gained ground. Prevention and education, and the projection of AIDS-HIV as a globally interrelated phenomenon receive peripheral treatment. Coverage assumes mostly Western cultural perspectives, and the volume of stories has declined through the 1990s. Ideation of AIDS as a moral tale has diminished. Strategies for sociopolitical contestation of mainstream global AIDS news discourse are discussed.
Punishment and reputation in spatial public goods games

The puzzle of the emergence of cooperation between unrelated individuals is shared across diverse fields of behavioural sciences and economics. In this article we combine the public goods game originating in economics with evolutionary approaches traditionally used in biology. Instead of pairwise encounters, we consider the more complex case of groups of three interacting individuals. We show that territoriality is capable of promoting cooperative behaviour, as in the case of the Prisoner's Dilemma. Moreover, by adding punishment opportunities, the readiness to cooperate is greatly enhanced and asocial strategies can be largely suppressed. Finally, as soon as players carry a reputation for being willing or unwilling to punish, highly cooperative and fair outcomes are achieved. This group–beneficial result is obtained, intriguingly, by making individuals more likely to exploit their co–players if they can get away with it. Thus, less–cooperative individuals make more-cooperative societies.
Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Mutation, and Impairment of Antioxidant Enzymes in Aging 1

Mitochondria do not only produce less ATP, but they also increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of aerobic metabolism in the aging tissues of the human and animals. It is now generally accepted that aging-associated respiratory function decline can result in enhanced production of ROS in mitochondria. Moreover, the activities of free radical-scavenging enzymes are altered in the aging process. The concurrent age-related changes of these two systems result in the elevation of oxidative stress in aging tissues. Within a certain concentration range, ROS may induce stress response of the cells by altering expression of respiratory genes to uphold the energy metabolism to rescue the cell. However, beyond the threshold, ROS may cause a wide spectrum of oxidative damage to various cellular components to result in cell death or elicit apoptosis by induction of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and release of apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c. Moreover, oxidative damage and large-scale deletion and duplication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been found to increase with age in various tissues of the human. Mitochondria act like a biosensor of oxidative stress and they enable cell to undergo changes in aging and age-related diseases. On the other hand, it has recently been demonstrated that impairment in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation elicits an increase in oxidative stress and causes a host of mtDNA rearrangements and deletions. Here, we review work done in the past few years to support our view that oxidative stress and oxidative damage are a result of concurrent accumulation of mtDNA mutations and defective antioxidant enzymes in human aging.
Towards scalable symbolic routing for multi-objective networked embedded system design and optimization

Symbolic encoding for resource allocation, task binding, and message routing during multi-objective design space exploration (DSE) has gained significant attention in recent years. To determine the message routing, existing symbolic approaches typically rely on an explicit encoding of routing hops which results in a huge number of required variables and/or constraints. As a result, these approaches fail in case of large network diameters and/or a huge number of messages or resources and even for smaller problems, the convergence of the involved optimization process suffers. To tackle this shortcomings, this work proposes three novel symbolic routing encoding strategies that all avoid to encode hops explicitly, but are based on an encoding of individual links or complete sender-receiver paths, but still cover the same design space. The result is a more compact problem representation with less constraints and, in particular, less variables; the latter eliminates ineffective degrees of freedom from the search space and significantly enhances the optimization quality of a multi-objective optimization with even non-linear objectives. In an extensive test-suite, three major classes of wired networked embedded systems are considered: (a) hierarchical stars as in MPSoCs or automotive, (b) redundant backbone buses as common in rail systems or avionics, and (c) mesh-based architectures that often occur in NoC-based MPSoCs. For all three classes, the proposed approaches significantly outperform existing techniques in both scalability and optimization quality and, thus, considerably enlarge the field of application of a multi-objective DSE for the networked embedded system design.
Application of orthogonal experimental design to MIMO detection

A novel Multiple-input Multiple-output (MIMO) detection scheme based on orthogonal experimental design (OED) is proposed in this paper. By exploiting the initial solutions given by linear detection and non-linear detection algorithms, a searching subspace is constructed to obtain additional performance gain. Exhaustive searching method is optimal in the subspace, but with quite high complexity. Then OED, which is widely used in chemical experiments and statistics, is applied to reduce the computational complexity. The minimal required complexity of OED-MIMO is only 6.25% needed but just with insignificantly performance lost compared with exhaustive method for the 8×8 MIMO system and 16-QAM modulation scheme. The proposed OED-MIMO scheme provides nearly 10 dB gain compared with MMSE and 5 dB gain with ZF-VBLAST.
Quantum Č erenkov Radiation : Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum

Ido Kaminer, Maor Mutzafi, Amir Levy, Gal Harari, Hanan Herzig Sheinfux, Scott Skirlo, Jonathan Nemirovsky, John D. Joannopoulos, Mordechai Segev, and Marin Soljačić Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA Physics Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel (Received 9 July 2015; revised manuscript received 5 October 2015; published 25 January 2016)
Assisted folding of D‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase by trigger factor

The Escherichia coli trigger factor is a peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase that catalyzes proline‐limited protein folding extremely well. Here, refolding of D‐glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the presence of trigger factor was investigated. The regain of activity of GAPDH was markedly increased by trigger factor after either long‐or short‐term denaturation, and detectable aggregation of GAPDH intermediates was prevented. In both cases, time courses of refolding of GAPDH were decelerated by trigger factor. The reactivation yield of GAPDH showed a slow down‐turn when molar ratios of trigger factor to GAPDH were above 5, due to tight binding between trigger factor and GAPDH intermediates. Such inactive bound GAPDH could be partially rescued from trigger factor by addition of reduced αLA as competitor, by further diluting the refolding mixture, or by disrupting hydrophobic interactions in the complexes. A model for trigger factor assisted refolding of GAPDH is proposed. We also suggest that assisted refolding of GAPDH is due mainly to the chaperone function of trigger factor.
Brivaracetam Differentially Affects Voltage‐Gated Sodium Currents Without Impairing Sustained Repetitive Firing in Neurons

Brivaracetam (BRV) is an antiepileptic drug in Phase III clinical development. BRV binds to synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein and is also suggested to inhibit voltage‐gated sodium channels (VGSCs). To evaluate whether the effect of BRV on VGSCs represents a relevant mechanism participating in its antiepileptic properties, we explored the pharmacology of BRV on VGSCs in different cell systems and tested its efficacy at reducing the sustained repetitive firing (SRF).
Intravenous Minocycline in Acute Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study and Meta-analysis

Background and Purpose— Minocycline, in animal models and 2 small randomized controlled human trials, is a promising neuroprotective agent in acute stroke. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of intravenous minocycline in acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods— A multicenter prospective randomized open-label blinded end point evaluation pilot study of minocycline 100 mg administered intravenously, commenced within 24 hours of onset of stroke, and continued 12 hourly for a total of 5 doses, versus no minocycline. All participants received routine stroke care. Primary end point was survival free of handicap (modified Rankin Scale, ⩽2) at day 90. Results— Ninety-five participants were randomized; 47 to minocycline and 48 to no minocycline. In the intention-to-treat population, 29 of 47 (65.9%) allocated minocycline survived free of handicap compared with 33 of 48 (70.2%) allocated no minocycline (rate ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.25 and odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.31–1.71). A meta-analysis of the 3 human trials suggests minocycline may increase the odds of handicap-free survival by 3-fold (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.74–5.16) but there was substantial heterogeneity among the trials. Conclusions— In this pilot study of a small sample of acute stroke patients, intravenous minocycline was safe but not efficacious. The study was not powered to identify reliably or exclude a modest but clinically important treatment effect of minocycline. Larger trials would improve the precision of the estimates of any treatment effect of minocycline. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.anzctr. org.au. Unique identifier: ACTRN12612000237886.
A Model for the Universal Space for Proper Actions of a Hyperbolic Group

Let G be a word hyperbolic group in the sense of Gromov and P its associated Rips complex. We prove that the fixed point set P H iscontractible for every finite subgroup H of G. Thisisthe main ingredient for proving that P is a finite model for the universal space EG for proper actions. As a corollary we get that a hyperbolic group hasonly finitely many conjugacy classes of finite subgroups.
L'apprentissage par observation d'habiletés motrices: un processus d'apprentissage spécifique?

It is generally agreed that the first determinant of motor learning is physical practice. However, physical practice is not always a suitable first step or is not always possible. This is the case, for example, when the task involves a certain degree of danger or when an injury requires that certain skills be relearned. In such instances, observation of a model performing the task may prove to be beneficial for learning or to reduce the amount of physical practice needed to reach proficiency (Ferrari, 1996 ; McCullagh, 1994). In fact, research indicates that observation facilitates learning of a large variety of tasks such as action pattern production (Carroll et Bandura, 1982), coincidence anticipation (Blandin et Proteau, 2000 ; Weeks, 1992) and gross (Southard et Higgins, 1987) as well as fine motor skills (Pollock et Lee, 1992). Sheffield (1961) and more recently Bandura (1986) proposed that observation of a model results in the observer developing a standard of reference of the task to be learned (named a « perceptual blueprint » by Sheffield) as well as of mechanisms for the detection and correction of errors. These hypothesized mechanisms are not totally estranged to mechanisms believed to develop during physical practice and to be responsible for motor learning. In fact, it has been hypothesized that observational learning and learning through physical practice might be mediated by similar cognitive processes (Adams, 1986). The goal of this contribution is to present the current research on observational learning in order to test this hypothesis and to determine the best conditions to favor observational learning.
Strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy and diagnostics: Lessons learned from high throughput and profiling approaches

Over the last decade, numerous small and high‐dimensional profiling analyses have been performed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which address different levels of regulation and modulation. Because comprehensive analyses are lacking, the following review summarizes some of the general results and compares them with insights from other tumor entities. Particular attention is given to the impact of these results on future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
A new convergent algorithm for online empirical risk minimization

The generalization ability of learning algorithms is the focus of machine learning research, where the empirical risk minimization (ERM) plays an important role when the population distribution of observations is unknown. Most of the previous results are mainly based on computational learning theory, which is interested in how many samples are needed to make sure the estimated expected risk satisfies a given accuracy with high probability. In this paper, we will propose a new algorithm by combining the advantages of both random search and gradient descent algorithms, and show that given an accuracy level of the estimated expected risk, we can generate a hypothesis by our algorithm to guarantee the accuracy with probability 1, and our algorithm will converge in finite steps. In addition, we will relax the conventional independently and identically distributed(i.i.d.) assumption on the observations to a kind of weakly dependent condition. We will also provide some simulations to demonstrate our algorithm's advantages over either random search or gradient descent algorithms.
Race, Class, Gender and Community College Persistence Among African American Women

This inquiry is an exploration of the educational trajectories of African American women community college students. We compare the persistence of African American women to African American men and to all women college students using the 1996/2001 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Survey and the 1993/2003 Baccalaureate and Beyond Longitudinal Survey. We find that the propensity of African American women to enroll notwithstanding, African American women attending community colleges are less likely to graduate than their African American male peers and than their female peers. However, we also find that African American women who start at community colleges and complete a Bachelor degree are similar to African American men and all women who pursue graduate degrees. This implies that greater attention to the trajectories of African American women through the community college is warranted as the majority of those entering postsecondary education do so at the community college. Assisting these women in succeeding in community colleges and in transferring is critical because Bachelor degree attainment is key to ensuring equitable outcomes.
University-based graduate training of community agency workers: A pilot collaboration project.

The 1996 Welfare to Work Mandate has had a significant impact on the lives of families that use public assistance. What role can university counseling and psychology training programs play in the facilitation of this mandate that is intended to return welfare recipients to work? The Welfare Reform Act is discussed in relation to an innovative program that provides graduate-level training for bachelor's-level social service workers to meet the challenges of new service-delivery mandates. Relevance of this collaborative effort to professional psychology is explored, and implications for training master's-level graduate students are discussed.
Gang-related crime: the social, psychological and behavioral correlates

Abstract This study examined the behavioral, social and psychological factors associated with gang-related crime. By comparing group crime committed by non-gang youth and gang members, this study sought to identify the kinds of criminal activity gang members engage in and identify the specific characteristics that differentiate gang-related crime from other group crimes. We found that gangs map out their territory with graffiti and intimidate others via threats. We also found that high levels of individual delinquency and the presence of neighborhood gangs were significant predictors of gang-related crime. Contrary to our expectations, the perceived importance of social status, moral disengagement and anti-authority attitudes did not predict gang-related crime; however, further analyses showed that the perceived importance of social status and high levels of moral disengagement predicted gang-related crime with anti-authority attitudes acting as mediator. These findings highlight a need to examine more closely, the psychological and social factors that contribute to gang membership and gang-related crime.
Climate change and air quality--measures with co-benefits in China.

This article examines the links between climate change and air quality and the health and environmental benefits associated with alternative measures and policies for carbon dioxide mitigation in China. The methods used to estimate the costs and benefits of policies to reduce emissions are outlined. A case study is presented for the co-control of carbon dioxide and air pollution in Shanxi province focusing on its capital Taiyuan. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects, where industrial countries can invest in projects in developing countries that will reduce greenhouse gases, are shown to potentially benefit China. Indoor pollution due to dirty household fuels is likely to be responsible for some deaths in China. Details are given of emissions related to coal use. The prospects for future greenhouse gas abatement in China are considered. It is argued that the potential to cut greenhouse gas emissions whilst simultaneously reducing air pollution should make cooperation on climate control strategies more attractive to China.