Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength Superoutburst Observations of T Leonis

We present results of simultaneous superoutburst observations in the X‐ray, EUV, optical, and IR bands of the tremendous outburst amplitude dwarf novae T Leonis. Near peak luminosity, a single blackbody represents a good fit to T Leo's observed continuum in the EUV spectral region, yielding a boundary layer temperature of 71,000–97,000 K. Inclusion of the longer wavelength observations, UV to the IR, indicates that a blackbody fit is inappropriate. A single‐temperature fit to only the UV and redward data for T Leo works well but yields a much lower temperature, near 28,000 K. Using our own observations and previously obtained EUV, UV, and optical (super)outburst observations for the dwarf novae U Gem and SS Cyg, the SU UMa star VW Hyi, and the TOADs, TV Crv, BC UMa, and SW UMa, we find that in all cases, high‐energy observations yield high‐temperature, small emitting regions, while fits to UV and redward data produce cooler temperatures from much larger emitting regions. These results are consistent with the idea that high‐energy data provide a direct measurement of the boundary layer, while the lower energy data measure a much larger, multitemperature region, likely to be dominated by the outburst heated inner accretion disk. High‐energy outburst observations show that the boundary layer temperature decreases with decreasing orbital period, and UV outburst observations provide evidence for a missing or weak inner disk in the TOADs. We present a simple model of mass accretion onto the white dwarf during (super)outburst, which can account for the observed correlation between orbital period and boundary layer temperature.
A Viable model of locally anisotropic space-time and the Finslerian generalization of the relativity theory

The work is devoted to the construction of a viable model of locally anisotropic, i.e. Finslerian, space-time and to the generalization, on this basis, of the relativistic theory of gravitation. Arguments in favour of this model are considered. From physical considerations the concrete form of the Finslerian metric has been reconstructed and within the framework of the correspondence principle a formalism of the theory has been developed. The approach suggested is aimed at developing unified gauge theories of all fundamental interactions. Much attention is given to the nontrivial physical manifestations of local space anisotropy and to the possibility of its experimental detection.
An efficient algorithm for computing bounds on the average transmitted power in generalized partial response

An algorithm for computing bounds on the average transmitted power in generalized partial response signaling, also known as Tomlinson-Harashima (TH) precoding, is presented and its derivation is outlined. This algorithm requires knowledge of the marginal probability distributions of the input signal constellation, and is only appropriate when the domains of the marginal distributions are a subset of the set of even integers or a subset of the set of odd integers. These computed bounds are a generalization of the closed form bounds derived by Maze and Salt (1976) for symmetrical PAM constellations and rectangular QAM constellations with equally probable symbols. <<ETX>>
A hybrid technique based on combining ray tracing and FDTD methods for site-specific modeling of indoor radio wave propagation

The paper presents a hybrid technique based on combining ray tracing and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods for site-specific modeling of indoor radio wave propagation. Ray tracing is used to analyze the wide area and FDTD is used to study areas close to complex discontinuities where ray-based solutions are not sufficiently accurate. The hybrid technique ensures improved accuracy and practicality in terms of computational resources at the same time since FDTD is only applied to a small portion of the entire modeling environment. Examples of applying the method for studying indoor structures and penetration of wave from outdoor to indoor are given at 2.4 GHz. Numerical results are compared with known exact solutions or results of the full wave analysis or traditional ray model to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the novel method. Numerical results are also compared with reported measurement results for waves at 1.29 GHz penetrating an external wall with metal-framed windows. Cumulative distributions of field envelope obtained from the hybrid method show close resemblance to the Rayleigh distribution, which conforms to the reported measurement results.
The dual double scroll equation

This paper extends the Poincare half-map technique, developed for the double scroll equation, in order to analyze the quite different dynamics of the dual double scroll equation. Two new uses of the Poincare half-maps are presented: they are used to locate the boundaries between the return/transfer/escape regions and to detect a period-one limit cycle. The Poincare half-map technique is also used to detect homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits and to locate the region in parameter space for which stable attracting sets exist.
Companion: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Test an Integrated Two-Way Communication and Near-Real-Time Sensing System for Detecting and Modifying Daily Inactivity among Adults >60 Years—Design and Protocol

Supervised personal training is most effective in improving the health effects of exercise in older adults. Yet, low frequency (60 min, 1–3 sessions/week) of trainer contact limits influence on behavior change outside sessions. Strategies to extend the effect of trainer contact outside of supervision and that integrate meaningful and intelligent two-way communication to provide complex and interactive problem solving may motivate older adults to “move more and sit less” and sustain positive behaviors to further improve health. This paper describes the experimental protocol of a 16-week pilot RCT (N = 46) that tests the impact of supplementing supervised exercise (i.e., control) with a technology-based behavior-aware text-based virtual “Companion” that integrates a human-in-the-loop approach with wirelessly transmitted sensor-based activity measurement to deliver behavior change strategies using socially engaging, contextually salient, and tailored text message conversations in near-real-time. Primary outcomes are total-daily and patterns of habitual physical behaviors after 16 and 24 weeks. Exploratory analyses aim to understand Companion’s longitudinal behavior effects, its user engagement and relationship to behavior, and changes in cardiometabolic and cognitive outcomes. Our findings may allow the development of a more scalable hybrid AI Companion to impact the ever-growing public health epidemic of sedentariness contributing to poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and early death.
The Advection of Mesoscale Atmospheric Vortices over Reykjavík

AbstractOn 12 August 2009, a series of satellite images revealed asymmetric shedding of atmospheric vortices in the lee of Mt. Snaefellsjokull, and their passage a distance of 120 km across Faxafloi Bay and over the city of Reykjavik in West Iceland. After landfall, the vortices were detected by a network of surface weather stations. These observations are presented and with the aid of a numerical simulation, they are discussed in view of existing theories of orographic wakes and vortex shedding. In general, the flow is in line with existing knowledge, but there is a remarkable absence of vortices with anticyclonic rotation. Atmospheric conditions for vortices of this kind are most often favorable in late winter and spring and they are a forecasting challenge.
Energy Efficient Circuit Design of Single Edge Triggered Ternary Shift Registers Using CNT Technology

With the miniaturization of digital integrated circuits, electronic systems with increased functionality and enhanced performance are preferred. Multi-valued logic design is a promising alternative that offers a higher number of data/information which leads to energy efficiency, higher information density and reduced circuit overheads in terms of interconnect complexity. Hence in this work multi-valued logic design benefits of increased computational capability and reduced interconnect complexity are being explored for the implementation of sequential elements viz. ternary shift registers. Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors(CNTFETs) unique feature of alteration of threshold voltage by variations in CNT diameter further favor its suitability to implement ternary logic designs. Here single-edge triggered ternary shift registers design methodology is presented using multiplexer based D-flip-flop cells. The design of D-flip-flops is performed using multiplexer based positive and negative latches. After this series connection of D-flip-flop is performed to construct serial input serial output and parallel input serial output registers. The parallel input serial output registers can operate in two modes of loading and shifting and three different configurations of AND-OR logic, NAND logic and latch based selection circuitry are proposed. For performance analysis Synopsis HSPICE simulations are conducted using the 32 nm CNTFET Stanford model. According to simulation results, for the proposed ternary shift registers maximum reduction in power consumption and energy consumption of more than 80% are obtained as compared to recent counterparts.
Altered frontoparietal activity in acoustic startle priming tasks during reticulospinal tract facilitation: An fNIRS study

Background Because it is one of the important pathways for promoting motor recovery after cortical injury, the function of the reticulospinal tract (RST) has received increasing attention in recent years. However, the central regulatory mechanism of RST facilitation and reduction of apparent response time is not well understood. Objectives To explore the potential role of RST facilitation in the acoustic startle priming (ASP) paradigm and observe the cortical changes induced by ASP reaching tasks. Methods Twenty healthy participants were included in this study. The reaching tasks were performed with their left and right hands. Participants were instructed to get ready after the warning cue and complete the reach as soon as they heard the Go cue. Half of the testing trials were set as control trials with an 80-dB Go cue. The other half of the trials had the Go cue replaced with 114-dB white noise to evoke the StartleReact effect, inducing reticulospinal tract facilitation. The response of the bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and the anterior deltoid was recorded via surface electromyography. Startle trials were labeled as exhibiting a positive or negative StartleReact effect, according to whether the SCM was activated early (30–130 ms after the Go cue) or late, respectively. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to synchronously record the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin fluctuations in bilateral motor-related cortical regions. The β values representing cortical responses were estimated via the statistical parametric mapping technique and included in the final analyses. Results Separate analyses of data from movements of the left or right side revealed significant activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during RST facilitation. Moreover, left frontopolar cortex activation was greater in positive startle trials than in control or negative startle trials during left-side movements. Furthermore, decreased activity of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex in positive startle trials during ASP reaching tasks was observed. Conclusion The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the frontoparietal network to which it belongs may be the regulatory center for the StartleReact effect and RST facilitation. In addition, the ascending reticular activating system may be involved. The decreased activity of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex suggests enhanced inhibition of the non-moving side during the ASP reaching task. These findings provide further insight into the SE and into RST facilitation.
On the estimation of the parameters for the Littlewood model in software reliability

A very well-known model in software reliability theory is that of Littlewood (1980). The (three) parameters in this model are usually estimated by means of the maximum likelihood method. The system of likelihood equations can have more than one solution. Only one of them will be consistent, however. In this paper we present a different, more analytical approach, exploiting the mathematical properties of the log-likelihood function itself. Our belief is that the ideas and methods developed in this paper could also be of interest for statisticians working on the estimation of the parameters of the generalised Pareto distribution. For those more generally interested in maximum likelihood the paper provides a ‘practical case’, indicating how complex matters may become when only three parameters are involved. Moreover, readers not familiar with counting process theory and software reliability are given a first introduction.
A long-wave model for the surface elastic wave in a coated half-space

The paper deals with the three-dimensional problem in linear isotropic elasticity for a coated half-space. The coating is modelled via the effective boundary conditions on the surface of the substrate initially established on the basis of an ad hoc approach and justified in the paper at a long-wave limit. An explicit model is derived for the surface wave using the perturbation technique, along with the theory of harmonic functions and Radon transform. The model consists of three-dimensional ‘quasi-static’ elliptic equations over the interior subject to the boundary conditions on the surface which involve relations expressing wave potentials through each other as well as a two-dimensional hyperbolic equation singularly perturbed by a pseudo-differential (or integro-differential) operator. The latter equation governs dispersive surface wave propagation, whereas the elliptic equations describe spatial decay of displacements and stresses. As an illustration, the dynamic response is calculated for impulse and moving surface loads. The explicit analytical solutions obtained for these cases may be used for the non-destructive testing of the thickness of the coating and the elastic moduli of the substrate.
Experimental Measurement of Enhanced and Hindered Particle Settling in Turbulent Gas‐Particle Suspensions, and Geophysical Implications

The dynamics of geophysical dilute turbulent gas‐particles mixtures depends to a large extent on particle concentration, which in turn depends predominantly on the particle settling velocity. We experimentally investigate air‐particle mixtures contained in a vertical pipe in which the velocity of an ascending air flux matches the settling velocity of glass particles. To obtain local particle concentrations in these mixtures, we use acoustic probing and air pressure measurements and show that these independent techniques yield similar results for a range of particle sizes and particle concentrations. Moreover, we find that in suspensions of small particles (78 μm) the settling velocity increases with the local particle concentration due to the formation of particle clusters. These clusters settle with a velocity that is four times faster than the terminal settling velocity of single particles, and they double settling speeds of the suspensions. In contrast, in suspensions of larger particles (467 μm) the settling velocity decreases with increasing particle concentration. Although particle clusters are still present in this case, the settling velocity is decreased by 30%, which is captured by a hindered settling model. These results suggest an interplay between hindered settling and cluster‐induced enhanced settling, which in our experiments occur respectively at Stokes number O(100) and O(1). We discuss implications for volcanic plumes and pyroclastic currents. Our study suggests that clustering and related enhanced or hindered particle settling velocities should be considered in models of volcanic phenomena and that drag law corrections are needed for reliable predictions and hazard assessment.
Shape and displacement measurement of discontinuous surfaces by combining fringe projection and digital image correlation

We describe how a shape-measurement system (SMS) based on fringe projection can be combined with a two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) technique to accurately measure both surface profile and displacement fields at the same time. Whereas the measurement of all three displacement components by traditional DIC requires the use of at least two cameras, the approach presented here provides the full three-dimensional (3-D) displacement field from a single-camera, single-projector SMS with no additional hardware requirements. Furthermore, the single-pixel spatial resolution of the fringe projection technique can be exploited to prevent the correlation peak-splitting phenomenon that occurs when a DIC subimage straddles a global geometrical discontinuity. Thus, unlike traditional 3-D DIC techniques, the proposed method can measure displacement fields on discontinuous surfaces as easily as on smooth ones. Details of the algorithm are given together with experimental results of a rigid-body translation test. Measurements made during a routine fatigue test on a part of a wing panel are also presented.
Efficient eigenspace-based array signal processing using multiple shift-invariant subarrays

This paper deals with the construction of eigensubspaces for adaptive array signal processing. An efficient technique for extracting the eigensubspaces spanned by the data vector received by an N-element adaptive array is presented. We first decompose the original array into several subarrays with multiple shift invariances and find the eigensubspaces corresponding to each of the subarrays. By solving a least-squares (LS) or total least-squares (TLS) problem, the signal and noise subspaces corresponding to the original array can be found from the eigensubspaces spanned by the subarray data vectors. Hence, there is no need to perform the eigenvalue decomposition of the N/spl times/N correlation matrix of the received data vector. The proposed technique significantly reduces the required computational complexity as compared to the conventional eigenspace-based (ESB) methods. In conjunction with the spatial smoothing scheme or a proposed cross-correlation method, this technique can also deal with the case of coherent signals. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by several computer simulations.
Effect of short-term prehabilitation of older patients with colorectal cancer: A propensity score-matched analysis

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of short-term, hospital-based, supervised multimodal prehabilitation on elderly patients with colorectal cancer. Methods A single-center, retrospective study was conducted from October 2020 to December 2021, which included a total of 587 CRC patients who were scheduled to undergo radical resection. A propensity score-matching analysis was performed to reduce selection bias. All patients were treated within a standardized enhanced recovery pathway, and patients in the prehabilitation group received an additional supervised, short-term multimodal preoperative prehabilitation intervention. Short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results Among the participants, 62 patients were excluded; 95 participants were included in the prehabilitation group and 430 in the non-prehabilitation group. After PSM analysis, 95 pairs of well-matched patients were included in the comparative study. Participants in the prehabilitation group had better preoperative functional capacity (402.78 m vs. 390.09 m, P<0.001), preoperative anxiety status (9% vs. 28%, P<0.001), time to first ambulation[25.0(8.0) hours vs. 28.0(12.4) hours, P=0.008], time to first flatus [39.0(22.0) hours vs. 47.7(34.0) hours, P=0.006], duration of the postoperative length of hospital stay [8.0(3.0) days vs. 10.0(5.0) days, P=0.007), and quality of life in terms of psychological dimensions at 1 month postoperatively [53.0(8.0) vs. 49.0(5.0), P<0.001]. Conclusion The short-term, hospital-based, supervised multimodal prehabilitation is feasible with a high degree of compliance in older CRC patients, which improves their short-term clinical outcomes.
Pairwise Metric Learning With Angular Margin for Tag Recommendation

The users on the Internet have been growing exponentially, and tag recommendation can automatically provide users with a selection of tags of interest to meet their personalized needs. Users can utilize these tags to freely annotate their favorite resources, making them efficient and fast in retrieving related resources. Tensor factorization methods are commonly used in tag recommendation at present. These methods model the user $\times $ item $\times $ tag interactions, transform the latent feature representations of users, items and tags into low-rank matrices and use inner products for prediction. However, the problem of using inner product is that it does not satisfy the triangle inequality, it ignores the distance relationship among entity pairs and cannot capture the fine-grained preference information. Metric learning in recommendation domains focus on using pairwise loss, which assumes that different categories (such as users, items and tags) have fixed margins. Different categories often have different intra-class variations. With fixed margins, it is often difficult to accurately distinguish between positive and negative samples, thus reducing recommendation performance and limiting the expression ability of the model. In this study, the metric learning method is used to explore the distance relationship among user $\times $ item $\times $ tag triplet, and the existing metric learning based methods (namely LRML, CML, SML) are applied to the tag recommendation. A pairwise metric learning method with angular margin is proposed, named PMLT. The pairwise distance relationship between user-tag and item-tag is modeled for the information of different entities. And an extra angular margin regularizer is added to the original pairwise loss to control the size of angular margin for user-tag and item-tag respectively. The strength of the constrained angular margin regularizer is controlled to dynamically adjust the distance changes of entity. This method constrains the fixed margin and also the angular margin of user-tag and item-tag. Compared with the traditional metric learning method, this method can capture additional relationship structure and has good recommendation performance. Finally, we conducted extensive experiments on two datasets, LastFm and Movielens, and the experimental results showed that the proposed method PMLT outperform the state-of-the-art baseline in the evaluation metrics Recall@N and NDCG@N, and obtain better prediction quality. We also analyze the influence of different parameters and internal components on the performance of the proposed method, which improves the interpretability of the proposed method.