Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stable HIV Reservoir Despite Prolonged Low-Dose Mycophenolate to Limit CD4+ T-cell Proliferation

Abstract Background The HIV reservoir of latently infected CD4+ T cells represents the barrier to cure. CD4+ T-cell proliferation is a mechanism that sustains the reservoir even during prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART). Blocking proliferation may therefore deplete the reservoir. Methods We conducted an unblinded, uncontrolled clinical trial of mycophenolate, a T-cell antiproliferative compound, in people with HIV on chronic suppressive ART. Study drug dose selection was based on calibration to an observed ex vivo antiproliferative effect. The primary outcome was clinically significant reduction (>0.25 log10) in the HIV reservoir, measured by total and intact HIV DNA per million T cells in blood over 48 weeks. Results Five participants enrolled in the trial. Four participants took mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). One had a per-protocol switch to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (Myfortic) due to nausea but left the study for personal reasons. One participant developed finger cellulitis, but there were no opportunistic infections. In the 4 participants who completed the protocol, there was no clinically significant reduction in total or intact HIV DNA. There was no change in blood CD4+ T-cell subset composition within the HIV reservoir or the entire CD4+ T-cell population, although total CD4+ T cells decreased slightly in all 4 participants. An ex vivo antiproliferative effect was observed using participant serum obtained 1 hour after dosing, but this effect was severely diminished at drug trough. Conclusions Mycophenolate given over 48 weeks did not reduce the volume or composition of the HIV reservoir. Clinical Trials registration NCT03262441.
A simulation study of a nested sequence of binomial regression models

The inference problem we consider is that of model choice from a nested sequence of binomial regression models. The approach we take is to test successively, from most general to most specific, the corresponding sequence of composite hypotheses. This approach is based on the very general class of divergence measures, the φ-divergence. An approximation to the power function of the new family of test statistics proposed is obtained. An extensive simulation study is carried out by obtaining new test statistics that are a good alternative to the traditional loglikelihood test statistic.
Black hole scalar hair in asymptotically anti de Sitter spacetimes

The unexpected discovery of hairy black hole solutions in theories with scalar fields simply by considering asymptotically Anti de-Sitter, rather than asymptotically flat, boundary conditions is analyzed in a way that exhibits in a clear manner the differences between the two situations. It is shown that the trivial Schwarzschild Anti de Sitter becomes unstable in some of these situations, and the possible relevance of this fact for the ADS/CFT conjecture is pointed out.
On the rate of convergence of an estimate of a functional of a probability density

Abstract Bhattacharyya & Roussas (1970) have proposed that one estimates T(f) = ∫ ∞−∞f 2(u)du by estimates of the form T(fn ) where fn is a suitably chosen kernel estimator of the density f of the type studied by Rosenblatt (1956), Parzen (1962), and others. In this paper we first give the rate of strong uniform convergence of the distribution estimators Fn (x) = ∫x−∞ f (u)du to the population cdf F(x) = ∫x−∞ f(u)du. We then interpret T(f) as T(f, F) = ∫x−∞ f(u)dF(u) and estimate T(f, F) by T(fn , Fn ). Looking at the estimates in this fashion allows us to use both the properties of fn and Fn in establishing the rate of strong consistency of T(fn ) to T(f). We then consider the computationally simpler estimate where is the usual empirical distribution function. The rate of convergence remains the same.
Massive quasi-normal mode

This paper proposes to study quasi-normal modes due to massive scalar fields. We, in particular, investigate the dependence of quasi-normal mode (QNM) frequencies on the field mass. From this research, we find that there are quasi-normal modes with arbitrarily long life when the field mass has specific values. It is also found that QNM may disappear when the field mass exceeds these values.
A CANDIDATE PLANETARY-MASS OBJECT WITH A PHOTOEVAPORATING DISK IN ORION

In this work, we report the discovery of a candidate planetary-mass object with a photoevaporating protoplanetary disk, Proplyd 133-353, which is near the massive star θ1 Ori C at the center of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The object was known to have extended emission pointing away from θ1 Ori C, indicating ongoing external photoevaporation. Our near-infrared spectroscopic data and the location on the H–R diagram suggest that the central source of Proplyd 133-353 is substellar (∼M9.5) and has a mass probably less than 13 Jupiter mass and an age younger than 0.5 Myr. Proplyd 133-353 shows a similar ratio of X-ray luminosity to stellar luminosity to other young stars in the ONC with a similar stellar luminosity and has a similar proper motion to the mean one of confirmed ONC members. We propose that Proplyd 133-353 formed in a very low-mass dusty cloud or an evaporating gas globule near θ1 Ori C as a second generation of star formation, which can explain both its young age and the presence of its disk.
Dark and bright exciton formation, thermalization, and photoluminescence in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides

The remarkably strong Coulomb interaction in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) results in an extraordinarily rich many-particle physics including the formation of tightly bound excitons. Besides optically accessible bright excitonic states, these materials also exhibit a variety of dark excitons. Since they can even lie below the bright states, they have a strong influence on the exciton dynamics, lifetimes, and photoluminescence. While very recently, the presence of dark excitonic states has been experimentally demonstrated, the origin of these states, their formation, and dynamics have not been revealed yet. Here, we present a microscopic study shedding light on time- and energy-resolved formation and thermalization of bright and dark intra- and intervalley excitons as well as their impact on the photoluminescence in different TMD materials. We demonstrate that intervalley dark excitons, so far widely overlooked in current literature, play a crucial role in tungsten-based TMDs giving rise to an enhanced photoluminescence and reduced exciton lifetimes at elevated temperatures.
Optimization of vitamin c extraction of roselle petals (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
assisted with microwaves using response surface methodology

Vitamin C contained in roselle petals acts as an antioxidant that provides health benefits. In order to make it easier to use, vitamin C needs to be extracted out of the roselle petal cells in the form of extracted raw roselle juice. The commonly used conventional method has disadvantages that can damage heat-sensitive compounds such as vitamin C. An alternative extraction method used was microwave-assisted extraction. The success of this method in extracting vitamin C was influenced by a few factors, such as the ratio of the roselle petals-water, microwave power, and extraction time. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of vitamin C in roselle extract and to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of roselle extract produced in the optimum conditions. This study utilized response surface methodology (RSM) in a central composite design (CCD). The optimized factors included the roselle petals-water ratio (5 - 10%), microwave power (150 - 350 W), and extraction time (3 - 7 mins). The parameter response tested in this study was vitamin C. While the extract produced under optimum conditions was also characterized by the total anthocyanin content, total phenols, antioxidant activity, pH value and colour (L, a* and b*). The results showed that the recommended optimum conditions were a 5% roselle petals-water ratio, 250 W of microwave power, and 6.09 mins of extraction time. The verification results show that this optimum condition produced vitamin C higher than the conventional method. The characteristics of roselle extract produced by microwave-assisted extraction at optimum conditions were vitamin C at 9.973±0.508 mg/g, total anthocyanins at 1.771±0.124 mg/100 g, phenol at 30.848±1;899 m/g, IC50 at 6.699±0.627 ppm, pH at 2.133±0.057, colour with an L value of 31.033±0.404, a* value of 1.066±0.155, and b* value of 18.100±0.458.
Detection of Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia in Migratory and Native Birds in Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces, Iran

Background: A variety of haemoprotozoa including Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon cause infections in birds and are transmitted by some known vectors. These parasites cause anemia, low appetite, weakness and ultimately death in birds. The present study was aimed to determine these parasites, in birds of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in Iran. Methods: The project was performed on 340 live birds in 2016. The samples were collected from February to September 2016, from each bird, two thin and thick blood smears were prepared and the remaining blood about 1ml was kept in EDTA-containing tubes for molecular studies. The slides were stained with 10% Giemsa, then examined microscopically. About ten percent of the negative samples were considered for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, using specific primers to diagnose Plasmodium and Haemoproteus spp. Electrophoresis was done for PCR products and relevant bands to the parasites were identified based on the size. The considered birds belonged to ducks, chickens, roosters, and pigeons. Results: From 340 microscopically examined blood samples 32 (9.5%) samples were positive. Twenty-five (7.35%) of them were infected with the genus Haemoproteus. Seven samples (14%) out of 50 microscopically negative samples were found as Haemoproteus or Plasmodium spp when PCR technique was employed. Conclusion: This study revealed the existence of malaria parasites and other haemosporidia in birds in Iran. Employing molecular methods (PCR examination) could detect more infections.
Observations of Saturn's Ribbon Wave 14 Years after Its Discovery

Abstract A singular feature in planetary atmospheres, the saturnian midnorthern latitude “ribbon” wave, was discovered in images obtained during the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters with the planet in 1980 and 1981. Here we present evidence of its first detection 14 years later (about half a Saturn year later) using archived Hubble Space Telescope images. The properties of the recovered wave (latitude location, dominant wavenumber, meridional amplitude, and reflectivity contrast) in 1994–1995 are similar to those observed during the Voyager era.
Lattice dynamics and phase transition in 
CrI3
 single crystals

The vibrational properties of $\mathrm{CrI_3}$ single crystals were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and were analyzed with respect to the changes of the crystal structure. All but one mode are observed for both the low-temperature $R\bar{3}$ and the high-temperature C2/$m$ phase. For all observed modes the energies and symmetries are in good agreement with DFT calculations. The symmetry of a single-layer was identified as $p\bar{3}1/m$. In contrast to previous studies we observe the transition from the $R\bar{3}$ to the $\mathrm{C2}/m$ phase at 180\,K and find no evidence for coexistence of both phases over a wide temperature range.
Locking characteristics of a 40-GHz hybrid mode-locked monolithic quantum dot laser

Hybrid mode-locking in monolithic quantum dot lasers is studied experimentally and theoretically. A strong asymmetry of the locking range with respect to the passive mode locking frequency is observed. The width of this range increases linearly with the modulation amplitude for all operating parameters. Maximum locking range found is 30 MHz. The results of a numerical analysis performed using a set of five delay-differential equations taking into account carrier exchange between quantum dots and wetting layer are in agreement with experiments and indicate that a spectral filtering element could improve locking characteristics. Asymptotic analysis of the dependence of the locking range on the laser parameters is performed with the help of a more simple laser model consisting of three delay differential equations.
The joint effect of investors’ trait scepticism and the familiarity and readability of key audit matters on the communicative value of audit reports

ABSTRACT Accounting studies have inconsistent conclusions about whether including Key Audit Matters (KAM) improves the communicative value of audit reports. We experimentally investigate the joint effect of investors’ trait scepticism and the familiarity and readability of KAM on the communicative value of audit reports. Our results indicate that KAM readability enhances the communicative value of audit reports for less (more) sceptical investors when they are less (more) familiar with the issues discussed in the KAM. Additionally, using an eye-tracking device, we find that the communicative value of audit reports for nonprofessional investors depends on their visual attention paid to the KAM. These findings show that the positive effect of including KAM in audit reports is contingent on the user’s trait scepticism and the content and form of the KAM. Our conclusions should be of interest to regulators and auditors when considering what and how to communicate to different financial statement users.
Cosmological Breaking of Supersymmetry?

: It is conjectured that M-theory in asymptotically ﬂat spacetime must be supersymmetric, and that the observed SUSY breaking in the low energy world must be attributed to the existence of a nonzero cosmological constant. This would be consistent with experiment, if the critical exponent α in the relation M SUSY ∼ M P (Λ /M 4 P ) α took on the value 1 / 8 , rather than its classical value 1 / 4. We attribute this large renormalization to the eﬀect of large virtual black holes via the UV/IR correspondence.
Three-dimensional trapping with a focused Bessel beam

A Bessel beam generated with an axicon lens is focused by a low numerical aperture objective lens to create an optical levitation trap. This configuration allows a full three dimensional trapping of solid glass spheres of few microns in diameter immerse in water. We establish a comparison with an optical levitation trap generated with a Gaussian beam under the same focusing conditions. In both cases the particles are lifted up in an axial position above the focal region that depends on the incident power. The spatial stability is investigated in both cases as a function of axial position, which in turn depends on the input optical power.
Application and Analysis of Big Data Mining in the Foreign Affairs Translation System

Based on the expansion of scientific and technological capabilities, the trend of global integration has further strengthened, and the relations between countries have become closer and closer. Therefore, the foreign affairs translation system plays a very important role. Many scientific and technological projects have carried out research and analysis around the foreign affairs translation system. Nowadays, the wide variety of data and the complexity of languages in various countries force the processing structure of the foreign affairs translation system to be changed to adapt to the development of big data. In this context, this article studies the foreign affairs translation system based on big data mining technology and designs the application of a new foreign affairs translation system model. The results of the experiment are as follows: (1) The development status of big data mining technology and the problems existing in the current foreign affairs translation system are analyzed, and the research direction of the experiment is determined. The foreign affairs translation system is analyzed according to big data mining technology, which determines the technical guarantee for the research of this article. (2) In keeping with the traditional effective foreign affairs translation system, this article uses big data mining algorithm analysis, the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, and the BP neural network algorithm to identify and analyze the problems of the foreign affairs translation model about data analysis ability technology, which quickly and accurately analyzes the problems of the system and optimizes and improves according to the specific problems.
Moving horizon H∞-control of constrained periodically time-varying systems*

Abstract The paper presents a moving horizon H ∞ -control approach for the class of linear periodically time-varying systems. By solving repeatedly online a semi-definite program subject to linear matrix inequality constraints, the l 2 gain from the energy bounded external disturbance to the performance output is minimized at each sampling instant. The resulting feedback control strategy guarantees satisfaction of state and input constraints. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed moving horizon H ∞ -controller.
Quark mass dependence of the nucleon axial-vector coupling constant

We study the quark mass expansion of the axial-vector coupling constant g_A of the nucleon. The aim is to explore the feasibility of chiral effective field theory methods for extrapolation of lattice QCD results - so far determined at relatively large quark masses corresponding to pion masses larger than 0.6 GeV - down to the physical value of the pion mass. We compare two versions of non-relativistic chiral effective field theory: One scheme restricted to pion and nucleon degrees of freedom only, and an alternative approach which incorporates explicit Delta(1230) resonance degrees of freedom. It turns out that, in order to approach the physical value of g_A in a leading-one-loop calculation, the inclusion of the explicit Delta(1230) degrees of freedom is crucial. With information on important higher order couplings constrained from analyses of inelastic pion production processes, a chiral extrapolation function for g_A is obtained, which works well from the chiral limit across the physical point into the region of present lattice data. The resulting enhancement of our extrapolation function near the physical pion mass is found to arise from an interplay between long- and short- distance physics.
The Mass of the Cepheid V350 Sgr

V350 Sgr is a classical Cepheid suitable for mass determination. It has a hot companion which is prominent in the ultraviolet (UV) and which is not itself a binary. We have obtained two high-resolution echelle spectra of the companion at orbital velocity maximum and minimum with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope in the 1320 to 1510 Å region. By cross-correlating these spectra we obtained the orbital velocity amplitude of the companion with an uncertainty in the companion amplitude of 1.9 km s−1. This provides a mass ratio of the Cepheid to the companion of 2.1. The UV energy distribution of the companion provides the mass of the companion, yielding a Cepheid mass of 5.2 ± 0.3 M⊙. This mass requires some combination of moderate main sequence core convective overshoot and rotation to match evolutionary tracks.
Late-time Flattening of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves: Constraints from SN 2014J in M82

The very nearby Type Ia supernova 2014J in M82 offers a rare opportunity to study the physics of thermonuclear supernovae at extremely late phases (≳800 days). Using the Hubble Space Telescope, we obtained 6 epochs of high-precision photometry for SN 2014J from 277 days to 1181 days past the B-band maximum light. The reprocessing of electrons and X-rays emitted by the radioactive decay chain is needed to explain the significant flattening of both the F606W-band and the pseudo-bolometric light curves. The flattening confirms previous predictions that the late-time evolution of type Ia supernova luminosities requires additional energy input from the decay of 57Co. By assuming the F606W-band luminosity scales with the bolometric luminosity at ∼500 days after the B-band maximum light, a mass ratio is required. This mass ratio is roughly ∼3 times the solar ratio and favors a progenitor white dwarf with a mass near the Chandrasekhar limit. A similar fit using the constructed pseudo-bolometric luminosity gives a mass ratio . Astrometric tests based on the multi-epoch HST ACS/WFC images reveal no significant circumstellar light echoes in between 0.3 and 100 pc from the supernova.
Adult Children as Caregivers: Preliminary Study on the Experiences and Coping Strategies of Adult Children as Primary Caregivers of Parents with Alzheimer’s Disease in Malaysia

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder that affects thinking, memory, reasoning, and daily functioning. According to World Health Organization (2020), there are approximately 50 million people diagnosed with AD, and nearly 60% of them are living in low- and middle-income countries. In Malaysia, the prevalence of dementia is 8.5% among older adults aged 60 and above. Listed as one of the leading causes of death in 2020, curbing AD is not only a burden to the public health system but also brings perpetual stress to the family members who often undertake the primary caregiving role. The research has indicated that adult children as AD patients' primary caregivers (adult-child caregivers) experience higher psychological burdens than other caregiver groups. This qualitative study intended to explore the experiences and coping strategies of adult children as the primary caregivers of AD patients in Malaysia. The recruitment was conducted with the assistance of the Alzheimer’s Disease Foundation Malaysia, whereby eight participants took part in the in-depth interviews. Both face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted to facilitate the full engagement of the participants in the research. Thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The results showed that, at the personal level, adult children constantly felt emotional burnout, as they were overwhelmed by not knowing how to manage the stress they experienced. The findings reflected that caregiving for parents with AD involves a process that was depicted as the discovery of behavior changes, having difficulties accepting the diagnosis, making an adjustment to the role of a caregiver, and finally accepting their function and the reality of the disease. Recommendations for interventions and further research have been discussed.
Constraining QCD multijet background in the $\textit{t}$-channel single-top quark production at $\sqrt{s}=13\ TeV$

Precision measurement of the cross section for single top production is an important test of the Standard Model (SM). The purity of the collected data in single top events is limited by the understanding of the shape and yield of background contributions. Besides electroweak and $\rm{t\bar{t}}$ processes, QCD multijet events constitute a non-negligible background for the considered signal bq$'\rightarrow$ tq ($\textit{t}$-channel) process. The data-driven technique for constraining QCD contribution, employed in the measurement of the $\textit{t}$-channel single top-quark cross section using the very first LHC proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\ TeV$ with the CMS detector, is described. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $\mathcal{L}=42\ pb^{\mathrm{-1}}$.
One step RSB scheme for the rate distortion function

We apply statistical mechanics to an inverse problem of linear mapping to investigate the physics of the irreversible compression. We use the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) technique with a toy model to demonstrate the Shannon result. The rate distortion function, which is widely known as the theoretical limit of the compression with a fidelity criterion, is derived using the Parisi one step RSB scheme. The bound cannot be achieved in the sparsely-connected systems, where suboptimal solutions dominate the capacity.