Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Child-based Theoretical Reading Constructs with Struggling Adult Readers Recommended Citation Modeling Child-based Theoretical Reading Constructs with Struggling Adult Readers Reading Achievement Measurement Model Reading Fluency Also Seems to Be Problematic for Struggling Adult Readers Cor

(2010). Modeling child-based theoretical reading constructs with struggling adult readers. Abstract This study examined whether measurement constructs behind reading-related tests for struggling adult readers are similar to what is known about measurement constructs for children. The sample included 371 adults reading between the third-and fifth-grade levels, including 127 men and 153 English speakers of other languages. Using measures of skills and subskills, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test child-based theoretical measurement models of reading: an achievement model of reading skills, a core deficit model of reading subskills, and an integrated model containing achievement and deficit variables. Although the findings present the best measurement models, the contribution of this article is the description of the difficulties encountered when applying child-based assumptions to developing measurement models for struggling adult readers. As indicated by the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy, 43% of adults in the United States have difficulty reading materials encountered in their houses, neighborhoods , and workplaces (Kutner et al., 2007). There is a pau-city of research on struggling adult readers, and therefore researchers interested in investigating the reading skills and processes of struggling adult readers rely on the extensive literature describing children's reading development (e. The appropriateness of this reliance has not been tested, and therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate child-based measurement models of reading constructs with struggling adult readers. Such an evaluation will help elucidate reading skills and subskills, their interrelationships, and their measures for this specific group of struggling readers. Three measurement models are investigated: a reading achievement skill model, a reading subskill-based model referred to as the core deficit model, and an integrated model of both reading achievement skills and reading subskills. Reading achievement skills, including word reading, nonword reading, reading fluency, and reading comprehension, are important areas of reading performance. Reading subskills, or underlying processes, including phonological awareness, rapid automatic naming (RAN), and oral vocabulary are subskills that affect overall reading performance but do not involve actual reading. This study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test child-based theoretical measurement models of reading constructs with struggling adult readers. Measurement models, as tested with CFA, specify the number of factors (or constructs), reveal how the factors correlate, and show how the indicators (or observed variables) relate to the factors. Based on theory, these models are specified a priori and then tested for fit. When a tested model meets fit criteria, it …
Comparing Percutaneous Vertebroplasty and Conservative Therapy for Treating Osteoporotic Compression Fractures in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine

Background: Vertebral compression fractures are a common complication of osteoporosis and are often treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). The ability of this procedure to relieve pain better than conservative treatment is still debated. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree and duration of pain relief following PVP with that following conservative treatment for osteoporotic compression fractures by means of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Anaphylaxis—a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis

Collaborators: Natalie Riblet, MD, MPH, Aiyana M. P. Bobrownicki, MPH, MBA, Teresa Bontrager, RN, BSN, MSNed, CPEN, Jarrod Dusin, MS, RD, LD, Jennifer Foley, RT(R)(N), CNMT, Becky Frederick, PharmD, Eyitemi Fregene, MD, MPH, Sage Hellerstedt, MPH, Ferdaus Hassan, PhD, Kori Hess, PharmD, Caroline Horner, MD, Kelly Huntington, RN, BSN, CPN, Poojita Kasireddy, MPH, David Keeler, RN, BSN, CPN, Bertha Kim, MPH, Phil Lieberman, MD, Erin Lindhorst, MS, RD, LD, Fiona McEnany, MPH, Jennifer Milbank, MPH, Helen Murphy, BHS RRT AE-C, Oriana Pando, MPH, Ami K. Patel, MPH, Nicole Ratliff, BS RT(R), Robert Rhodes, MHA, RRT-NPS, Kim Robertson, MBA, MT-BC, Hope Scott, RN, CPEN, Audrey Snell, MS, RD, CSP, LD, Rhonda Sullivan, MS, RD, LD, Varahi Trivedi, MPH, and AzadehWickham,MS, FNP-BC
Reproductive Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study Epidemiology and Prevention

P <0.0001). Net reclassification for women with events was not improved (net reclassification index events, 0.007; P =0.18); and, for women without events, net reclassification was marginally improved (net reclassification index nonevents, 0.002; P =0.04) Conclusions —Key reproductive factors are associated with CHD independently of established CHD risk factors, very modestly improve model discrimination, and do not materially improve net reclassification. ( Circulation . 2016;133: Words: factor and CHD associations by socioeconomic status (SES), we added income, education, and a neighborhood/zipcode–based SES indicator 15 to age-adjusted reproductive factor CHD models. We explored models that contained BMI, physical activity index, and a family history of premature CHD (<60 years of age) 16 in addition to reproductive and established risk factors given that these are com- mon clinically measured risk factors that have traditionally aided clinicians in CHD risk stratification of patients. All analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.3 and R version 2.15. The study was approved by an institutional review committee at the University of California San Francisco, and the subjects gave informed consent.
Suppression of DRP1‑mediated mitophagy increases the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in the setting of chemotherapy

The efficacy of chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory, primarily due to inherent self‑defense mechanisms (e.g., mitophagy and autophagy). In the present study, we aimed to explore the pro‑apoptotic effects of targeting mitophagy to potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy for HCC. HCC cells were subjected to cisplatin, after which cisplatin‑induced mitophagy was quantified by immunofluorescence. Mdivi‑1, a specific dynamin‑related protein 1 (DRP1) inhibitor, was used to study the role of DRP1 in cisplatin‑induced HCC mitophagy. The synergistic effect of cisplatin and the DRP1 inhibitor on HCC was assessed in vitro and in vivo . Accordingly, cisplatin induced mitophagy in surviving HCC cells by activating DRP1. The DRP1 inhibitor (Mdivi‑1) increased the apoptosis of cisplatin‑treated HCC cells by targeting mitophagy. Mechanistically, Mdivi‑1 upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl‑xL, leading to an increase in mitochondrial membrane permeability and subsequent release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, thereby aggravating cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in HCC cells. Moreover, Mdivi‑1 acted synergistically with cisplatin to suppress HCC xenograft growth in vivo . Our results indicate that targeting cisplatin‑mediated mitophagy increases HCC apoptosis via DRP1 inhibition, providing preclinical proof of concept for combination therapy targeting mitophagy to potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Slip instability and state variable friction laws

The dependence of the friction force on slip history is described by an experimentally motivated constitutive law where the friction force is dependent on slip rate and state variables. The state variables are defined macroscopically by evolution equations for their rates of change in terms of their present values and slip rate. Experiments may strongly suggest that one state variable is adequate or prove that one is inadequate. Analysis of steady slip governed by a single state variable in a spring and (massless) slider predict oscillations at a critical spring stiffness k = kcrit. The critical stiffness kcrit is given by a simple formula and steady slip is stable for k > kcrit and unstable for k < kcrit. State variable friction laws may superficially appear as a simple slip rate dependence, slip distance dependence, or time dependent static friction, depending on experiment and testing machinery. Truly complicated motion is possible in a spring-slider model if more than one state variable is used. Further consequences of state variable friction laws can include creep waves and apparent rate independence for some phenomena.
Specification of an Elevator Control System -- An AutoFocus Case Study

In this paper we present a case study with AutoFocus, a tool prototype for the development of distributed embedded systems. We develop a controller of an elevator system using different description techniques to illustrate the development process. Furthermore we use the simulation component of AutoFocus, SimCenter, to validate the behavior of the specified system. Using a device independent interface SimCenter can control both external multimedia applications for visualization as well as real hardware for rapid prototyping. We use the AutoFocus specification of the elevator control system to control a Fischertechnik model of an elevator.
Water temperature dynamics in High Arctic river basins

Despite the high sensitivity of polar regions to climate change and the strong influence of temperature upon ecosystem processes, contemporary understanding of water temperature dynamics in Arctic river systems is limited. This research gap was addressed by exploring high‐resolution water column thermal regimes for glacier‐fed and non‐glacial rivers at eight sites across Svalbard during the 2010 melt season. Mean water column temperatures in glacier‐fed rivers (0.3–3.2 °C) were lowest and least variable near the glacier terminus but increased downstream (0.7–2.3 °C km–1). Non‐glacial rivers, where discharge was sourced primarily from snowmelt runoff, were warmer (mean: 2.9–5.7 °C) and more variable, indicating increased water residence times in shallow alluvial zones and increased potential for atmospheric influence. Mean summer water temperature and the magnitude of daily thermal variation were similar to those of some Alaskan Arctic rivers but low at all sites when compared with alpine glacierized environments at lower latitudes. Thermal regimes were correlated strongly (p < 0.01) with incoming short‐wave radiation, air temperature, and river discharge. Principal drivers of thermal variability were inferred to be (i) water source (i.e. glacier melt, snowmelt, groundwater); (ii) exposure time to the atmosphere; (iii) prevailing meteorological conditions; (iv) river discharge; (v) runoff interaction with permafrost and buried ice; and (vi) basin‐specific geomorphological features (e.g. channel morphology). These results provide insight into the potential changes in high‐latitude river systems in the context of projected warming in polar regions. We hypothesize that warmer and more variable temperature regimes may prevail in the future as the proportion of bulk discharge sourced from glacial meltwater declines and rivers undergo a progressive shift towards snow water and groundwater sources. Importantly, such changes could have implications for aquatic species diversity and abundance and influence rates of ecosystem functioning in high‐latitude river systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipid rafts mediate internalization of (cid:1) 1 -integrin in migrating intestinal epithelial cells

mediate internalization of (cid:1) 1 -integrin in migrating intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G965–G976, 2008. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00082. 2008. —In-testinal mucosal inﬂammation is associated with epithelial wounds that rapidly reseal by migration of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Cell migration involves cycles of cell-matrix adhesion/deadhesion that is mediated by dynamic turnover (assembly and disassembly) of integrin-based focal adhesions. Integrin endocytosis appears to be critical for deadhesion of motile cells. However, mechanisms of integrin internalization during remodeling of focal adhesions of migrating IECs are not understood. This study was designed to deﬁne the endocytic pathway that mediates internalization of (cid:1) 1 -integrin in migrating model IECs. We observed that, in SK-CO15 and T84 colonic epithelial cells, (cid:1) 1 -integrin is internalized in a dynamin-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis or macropinocytosis and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knock down of clathrin did not prevent (cid:1) 1 -integrin internalization. However, (cid:1) 1 -integrin internalization was inhibited following cholesterol extraction and after overexpression of lipid raft protein, caveolin-1. Furthermore, internalized (cid:1) 1 -integrin colocalized with the lipid rafts marker cholera toxin, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of caveolin-1 and ﬂotillin-1/2 increased (cid:1) 1 -integrin endocytosis. Our data suggest that, in migrating IEC, (cid:1) 1 -integrin is internalized via a dynamin-dependent lipid raft-mediated pathway. Such endocytosis is likely to be important for disassembly of integrin-based cell-matrix adhesions and therefore in regulating IEC migration and wound closure. include pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis, colocalization with known pathway markers, use of dominant-negative constructs, and small-interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of target proteins. Our results suggest that, in motile intestinal epithelia, (cid:1) 1 -integrin is internalized via a dynamin-dependent lipid raft-mediated pathway. mM methyl- (cid:1) -cyclodextrin (M (cid:1) CD), 50 (cid:3) M 5-( N -ethyl- N -isopro-pyl)amiloride (EIPA), or 50 (cid:3) M 5-( N , N -dimethyl)amiloride (DMA). Stock solutions of water-insoluble inhibitors were prepared in di- methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The same concentration of DMSO (0.001%) was used in control experiments. Statistical analysis. Statistical signiﬁcance of the difference between the means was analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t -test for comparison between two groups of data, with statistical signiﬁcance assumed at P (cid:6) 0.05.
Equatorial Kelvin and Inertio-Gravity Waves in Zonal Shear Flow

Abstract The interaction of geostrophic zonal mean currents in an equatorial ocean with free, neutrally stable, internal Kelvin and inertio-gravity waves is investigated using a two-layer, reduced-gravity model. Solutions in the inertio-gravity range are obtained by a simple numerical integration scheme that allows several different background flows to be tested. It is found that, due to the interaction, the amplitudes and latitudinal distributions of wave zonal velocity are substantially altered from those which would occur in the absence of mean flow. Meanders of currents similar to those observed during GATE may be interpreted as advections of mean currents by wave meridional velocity. On the other hand, wave pressure (sea level) and meridional velocities are not greatly affected by the mean flow. These results may be of importance in attempting to fit equatorial wave theories to observations of zonal current, on the one hand, and of sea level fluctuations on the other. Kelvin waves are treated using a.
Abstract: Somatic MAP2K1 Mutations in Arteriovenous Malformation Constitutively Activate the RAS/MAPK Pathway

M oday, O cber 1, 2018 to predict tissue viability is intra-operative angiography. We present an alternative method that determines the relative proportions of oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin through multispectral reflectance imaging (MSRI). This cost-effective and hand-held device does not require injectable material and may be used in the operative, inpatient or clinic setting. In initial studies, this method has been successful for wound and flap assessment. In this study, we compare the accuracy of predicting flap necrosis using MSRI and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in clinical patients and experimental animals.
An Integrated Software System for Analyzing Chip-chip and Chip-seq Data (supplementary Information)

A review of ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq data analysis ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq are powerful technologies to study transcriptional regulation in complex genomes, however, mining information from the huge datasets generated by these high-throughput technologies remains to be a non-trivial task. To analyze a ChIP-chip experiment, one usually starts with data exploration and then goes through normalization, binding region detection, adding gene annotations and finding enriched sequence motifs. This is a multiple step procedure, and the data involved are heterogeneous. In the past few years, a number of tools targeting each individual steps of the ChIP-chip analysis have been developed. For example, microarray blob remover (MBR) 24 has been developed to detect and remove blob-like defects from array images. Quantile normalization 50 which was originally developed for normalizing probe intensities across multiple expression arrays, is also used widely in the tiling array analysis.
Global historical climatology network (GHCN) quality control of monthly temperature data

All geophysical data bases need some form of quality assurance. Otherwise, erroneous data points may produce faulty analyses. However, simplistic quality control procedures have been known to contribute to erroneous conclusions by removing valid data points that were more extreme than the data set compilers expected. In producing version 2 of the global historical climatology network's (GHCN's) temperature data sets, a variety of quality control tests were evaluated and a specialized suite of procedures was developed. Quality control traditionally relies primarily on checks for outliers from both a time series and spatial perspective, the latter accomplished by comparisons with neighbouring stations. This traditional approach was used, and it was determined that there are many data problems that require additional tests to detect. In this paper a suite of quality control tests are justified and documented and applied to this global temperature data base, emphasizing the logic and limitations of each test. © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society.
Antagonistic Pleiotropy: The Role of Smurf2 in Cancer and Aging: A Dissertation

In response to telomere shortening, oxidative stress, DNA damage or aberrant activation of oncogenes, normal somatic cells exit the cell cycle and enter an irreversible growth arrest termed senescence. The limited proliferative capacity imposed by senescence on cells impedes the accumulation of mutations necessary for tumorigenesis and prevents proliferation of cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. Opposite to the tumor suppressor function, accumulation of senescent cells in adult organisms is thought to contribute to aging by depleting the renewal capacity of tissues and stem/progenitor cells, and by interfering with tissue homeostasis and functions. The Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theory of senescence proposes that senescence is beneficial early in life by acting as a tumor suppressor, but harmful late in life by contributing to aging. Recent studies have provided evidence strongly supporting the tumor suppressor function of senescence, however, direct evidence supporting the role of senescence in aging remains largely elusive. In this thesis, I describe studies to test the Antagonistic Pleiotropy Theory of senescence in tumorigenesis and aging. The approach that I have taken is to alter the senescence response in vivo by changing the expression of a senescence regulator in mice. The consequence of altered senescence response on tumorigenesis and stem cell self-renewal was investigated. The senescence regulator I studied is Smurf2, which has been shown previously to activate senescence in culture. I hypothesized that the senescence response will be
Early Middle Pleistocene mammalian faunas from Kärlich and Miesenheim I and their biostratigraphical implications

The Kärlich and Miesenheim I localities are situated in the Neuwied Basin, in the Central Rhineland of Germany. The Pleistocene deposits in the Kärlich clay-pit have yielded several stratified faunas within which the Mimomys-Arvicola transition occurs. Based on palaeomagnetic data and heavy mineral associations, these are correlated with phases within the Dutch 'Cromerian-Complex'. The older Cromerian faunas from Kärlich indicate the presence of very high-crowned Mimomys molars; whereas in the younger faunas Arvicola is represented. Remarkable is the occurrence of Mammuthus (M.) trogontherii in deposits below the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary whereas Mammuthus (A.) meridionalis, a more primitive form of the Mammuthus (A.) meridionalis-Mammuthus (M.) trogontherii lineage has been recorded from above the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary. The very rich fauna from Miesenheim I, a locality situated about four kilometres from the Kärlich pit, yielded further information on the faunal history of the Neuwied Basin. The assemblage with, for example, Sorex (Drepanosorex) savini, the primitive Arvicola terrestris cantiana, Canis lupus mosbachensis and Capreolus capreolus, represents an interglacial fauna correlated with the later part of the 'Cromerian Complex'.
Detection of fires from satellite images using a nonparametric algorithm of pattern recognition in space of the informative parameters

The problem of early detection of small-sized fires is very urgent, especially for almost inaccessible and sparsely populated territories. In this connection, a necessity arises of using satellite information to solve problems of real-time detecting sources of thermal anomalies suspicious of a fire. Among the Earth's artificial satellites most frequently orbited above a given locality that allow problems of monitoring of the Earth's underlying surface (EUS) to be solved, it is natural to choose satellites of NOAA series and to use the data of the AVHRR instrument that records radiobrightness values in five spectral ranges, including thermal ones, in the form of images. Unfortunately, low resolution of the AVHRR instrument and comparatively narrow range of radiobrightness values registered with it do not allow the problem of early detection of small-sized fires to be solved efficiently by conventional methods. Let us consider an approach based on theoretical methods of statistical hypothesis testing (pattern recognition) used for solving problems with high degree of statistical uncertainty and unknown conditional probability density functions. Probabilistic models of situations to be recognized, one of which belongs to class 'Fires' and the remaining belong to 'Fire-like' interference classes, are reconstructed in spaces of the parameters informative for the minimum risk criterion. The detection of fires based only on the temperature does not allow this problem to be solved efficiently. Let us assume that examined images have already been preprocessed: geometrical distortions have been eliminated from videodata, they have been fixed geographically, their fragment with the territory of the Tomsk Region (TR) and its environs has been cut out, and the radiobrightness correction and calibration of videodata recorded with the AVHRR instrument have been performed with determination of albedos in channels 1 and 2 and thermodynamic temperatures in channels 3, 4, and 5. Thus, we have a matrix of 1024 X 1024 five-dimensional vectors to be analyzed.