Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Roles of Cytosolic Hsp70 and Hsp40 Molecular Chaperones in Post-translational Translocation of Presecretory Proteins into the Endoplasmic Reticulum*

Hsp70 molecular chaperones and their co-chaperones work together in various cellular compartments to guide the folding of proteins and to aid the translocation of proteins across membranes. Hsp70s stimulate protein folding by binding exposed hydrophobic sequences thereby preventing irreversible aggregation. Hsp40s stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp70s and target unfolded proteins to Hsp70s. Genetic and biochemical evidence supports a role for cytosolic Hsp70s and Hsp40s in the post-translational translocation of precursor proteins into endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. To gain mechanistic insight, we measured the effects ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae Ssa1p (Hsp70) and Ydj1p (Hsp40) on the translocation of histidine-tagged prepro-α-factor (ppαF6H) into microsomes. Radiolabeled ppαF6H was affinity purified from wheat germ translation reactions (or Escherichia coli) to remove endogenous chaperones. We demonstrated that either Ssa1p or Ydj1p stimulates post-translational translocation by preventing ppαF6H aggregation. The binding and/or hydrolysis of ATP by Ssa1p were required to maintain the translocation competence of ppαF6H. To clarify the contributions of membrane-bound and cytosolic Ydj1p, we compared the efficiency of chaperone-dependent translocation into wild-type and Ydj1p-deficient microsomes. Neither soluble nor membrane-bound Ydj1p was essential for post-translational protein translocation. The ability of Ssa1p, Ydj1p, or both chaperones to restore the translocation competence of aggregated ppαF6H was negligible.
Purification and Characterization of a Substrate-Size-Recognizing Metalloendopeptidase from Streptococcus cremoris H61

During the ripening of Gouda-type cheese, two kinds of endopeptidases were found to participate in the degradation of αs1-CN(f1-23), a specific product from αs1-casein hydrolyzed by chymosin. One of the endopeptidases, lactic acid bacteria endopeptidase (LEP-II), which can recognize the size of its substrates, has already been purified and characterized (T. R. Yan, N. Azuma, S. Kaminogawa, and K. Yamauchi, Eur. J. Biochem. 163:259-265, 1987). The other endopeptidase, LEP-I, was purified to homogeneity by conventional chromatographic techniques from Streptococcus cremoris H61. The enzyme appeared to be monomeric, with an apparent molecular weight of 98,000, and its isoelectric point was 5.1. For the hydrolysis of αs1-CN(f1-23), the enzyme had an optimum pH and temperature of 7.0 to 7.5 and 40�C, respectively. Its activity was inhibited by such chelating agents as EDTA and 1,10-phenanthrolin, and it could be fully reactivated by Mn2+. Inhibitors specific for serine and thiol proteases had no effect on the protease activity. The enzyme showed a high affinity toward the Glu-Asn peptide bond of αs1-CN(f1-23) and αs1-CN(f91-100) but showed no hydrolysis activity toward αs1-CN(f1-52), αs1-CN(61-122), αs1-CN(136-196), αs1-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin. The Km and Vmax of LEP-I for αs1-CN(f1-23) were 14.2 pM and 139 U, respectively.
WLBT News in the Deregulation Era

The Federal Communications Commission no longer keeps a microscopic watch on television stations as it did in years past. This being the case, could stations falter in their public interest obligations? This is an important question because of the power of television news. The present research examines WLBT News in Jackson, Mississippi. This article does not contend that WLBT News should adhere to a higher standard for public interest than the other stations in its market. WLBT holds a distinctive place in broadcast history. WLBT was the first television station to lose its broadcast license for anti-public interest reasons during an era of heavy broadcast regulation. The content of the newscasts were read as “text” and interpreted with semiotic methodolgy in terms of their symbolic and cultural meanings about race. The results of the study suggest that there is more to the messages in the newscasts than what meets the eye at first glance.
Europe's identity problem

Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU Richard K. Herrmann, Thomas Risse, and Marilynn B. Brewer (Eds) Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD, 2004, viii + 305 pp., £22.95, ISBN 0-7425-3.
On Superposition Coding for the Wyner-Ziv Problem

In problems of lossy source/noisy channel coding with side information, the theoretical bounds are achieved using "good" source/channel codes that can be partitioned into "good" channel/source codes. A scheme that achieves optimality in channel coding with side information at the encoder using independent channel and source codes was outlined in previous works. In practice, the original problem is transformed into a multiple-access problem in which the superposition of the two independent codes can be decoded using successive interference cancellation. Inspired by this work, we analyze the superposition approach for source coding with side information at the decoder. We present a random coding analysis that shows achievability of the Wyner-Ziv bound. Then, we discuss some issues related to the practical implementation of this method.
A Method to Predict Human Emotion Using Sentimental Similarity

In this paper, we propose a method to predict human emotion based on a multidimensional emotion model using sentimental similarity. The proposed framework predicts the user's level of emotional response to an emotional stimulus, based on a sensitivity database that consists of self-assessment manikin-based integer-scale data, rated on various object stimulations by many users. We experimented on 72 users, with 1,073 stimulation objects, based on the International Affective Picture System, and used Thayer's arousalvalence 2-dimensional emotion model to verify the proposed framework. As a result, we have confirmed that the proposed framework can predict user emotion using an arousal-valence model.
Reproductive tract calculi, their induction, age incidence, composition and biological effects in Balb/c Crgl mice injected as newborns with estradiol-17 beta.

Preputial and vaginal stone formation and a variety of other severe effects on the reproductive tract were observed in 5- and 1 0-month-old Balb/c mice after injection of 50 �g estradiol-1 713/day for the first 5 days of life. Weight and frequency of stones in females increased with age and urine pH. Urine pH and weight of stones increased but frequency of stones decreased with age in males. Vaginal calculi contained more calcium, but their elemental composition was otherwise similar to preputial stones. Crystalline structure varied with age and sex and the shift from apatite to struvite coincided with the presence of inflammation in both sexes. A syndrome of infertility, severe genital infection, testicular atrophy and necrosis, seminal vesicle and prostatic atrophy, formation of epididymal cysts and senile epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia was also present in males. Stone deposition was not dependent on the presence of urine stasis. Female mice injected with testosterone as newborns developed small concretions in the vaginal fornix in 37% of animals by 10 months of age. Similar urinary and reproductive tract abnormalities are induced by perinatal estrogen in female humans and rodents. Our studies show that there are also major reproductive and urinary effects of perinatal estradiol in male rodents. Male humans should be closely monitored for similar sequelae after early life exposure to estradiol.
A new curriculum using active learning methods and standardized patients to train residents in smoking cessation

Physicians can play a key role in smoking cessation but often fail to advise smokers effectively, mainly because they lack counseling skills. We need effective training programs starting during residency to improve physicians’ smoking cessation interventions and smokers’ quit rates. To achieve this goal, we developed a curriculum using active learning methods and the stages-of-change model. A randomized trial demonstrated that this program increased the quality of physician’s counseling and smokers’ quit rates at 1 year. This paper describes the educational content and methods of this program. Participants learn to assess smokers’ stage of change, to use counseling strategies matching the smoker’s stage, and to prescribe pharmacological therapy. This 2 half-day training program includes observation of video-clips, interactive workshops, role plays, practice with standardized patients, and written material for physicians and patients. Participants reached learning objectives and appreciated the content and active methods of the program.
Effects of lipid nanocarriers on the performance of topical vehicles in vivo

Background/aims Nanocarrier systems have been extensively studied for their suitability in personal care formulations. Theoretically, they could enhance skin delivery of active compounds, thereby improving in vivo efficacy of the products. As such the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a lipid nanocarrier (LNC) system loaded with tocopheryl acetate (TA) on the hydration, biomechanical properties, and antioxidant capacity of human skin, when used in two different vehicles, and compare it with a non‐LNC formulation.
Cellulose Synthesis and Cell Expansion Are Regulated by Different Mechanisms in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls[OPEN]

The production of cellulose in the plant cell wall is controlled by metabolic signals, while the expansion of cells is regulated by changes in cell wall properties controlled by the biological clock. Plant growth is sustained by two complementary processes: biomass biosynthesis and cell expansion. The cell wall is crucial to both as it forms the majority of biomass, while its extensibility limits cell expansion. Cellulose is a major component of the cell wall and cellulose synthesis is pivotal to plant cell growth, and its regulation is poorly understood. Using periodic diurnal variation in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl growth, we found that cellulose synthesis and cell expansion can be uncoupled and are regulated by different mechanisms. We grew Arabidopsis plants in very short photoperiods and used a combination of extended nights, continuous light, sucrose feeding experiments, and photosynthesis inhibition to tease apart the influences of light, metabolic, and circadian clock signaling on rates of cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall biomechanics. We demonstrate that cell expansion is regulated by protein-mediated changes in cell wall extensibility driven by the circadian clock. By contrast, the biosynthesis of cellulose is controlled through intracellular trafficking of cellulose synthase enzyme complexes regulated exclusively by metabolic signaling related to the carbon status of the plant and independently of the circadian clock or light signaling.
¿El lado oscuro? Análisis sobre la percepción que tienen los periodistas de los profesionales de las relaciones públicas

A traves de una aproximacion exploratoria y cualitativa, esta investigacion se orienta a conocer la percepcion que tienen los periodistas de la labor de los profesionales de las relaciones publicas en Espana. De forma mas especifica, se asume un doble objetivo: identificar las practicas profesionales de relaciones publicas que son mas aceptadas y conocer los perfiles publirrelacionistas que son mejor valorados por los profesionales de la prensa. Para cumplir ambos objetivos, 40 periodistas han sido entrevistados. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a que la labor de los profesionales de las relaciones publicas tiende a ser considerada como necesaria y util por los periodistas. Sin embargo, determinadas actuaciones del campo de las relaciones publicas son etiquetadas como malas practicas y, en consecuencia, se convierten en potenciales fuentes de conflicto entre ambos roles comunicativos. Aunque la investigacion realizada carece de representatividad estadistica, en algunos aspectos se evidencia un claro consenso. Ademas de las conclusiones genericas sobre la percepcion que los periodistas tienen de los profesionales de las relaciones publicas y de sus actuaciones, esta investigacion tambien ha generado –a modo de subproducto no menos valioso– una serie de recomendaciones. Tales recomendaciones pueden ayudar a los relaciones publicas a optimizar su labor cuando se orienta a la obtencion de atencion mediatica para sus empresas o instituciones. Taking an exploratory and qualitative approach, this research seeks to understand journalists’ perception of public relations practice in Spain. More specifically, a twofold objective is pursued: to identify the most accepted PR practices and to know what PR practitioner profiles are best valued by media professionals. To achieve both objectives, 40 journalists have been interviewed. The results obtained point to journalists tending to consider public relations activity as necessary and useful. However, some public relations practices are labelled as bad practices and, therefore, they become a potential source of conflict between both communication disciplines. Although the research conducted is not statistically representative, a clear consensus emerges in some issues. Besides the general conclusions concerning journalists' perception of PR professionals and their practices, this research has also provided – as a not less valuable sub-product – a set of recommendations. Such recommendations can help PR practitioners to optimize their work when they aim to earn media attention for their companies or institutions.
Privacy Preserving Classification Algorithm Based Random Diffusion Map

In this paper, a privacy preserving classification algorithm based random Diffusion Map is presented. We first alter the selection of the parameter dimension $d$ and metaparameter fixed value $\varepsilon$ for satisfying the security of privacy-preserving classification. Further the sensitive attributes are embedded into random(even higher) dimension feature space using random Diffusion Map, thus the sensitive attributes are transformed and protected. Because the transformed space dimension $d$ and the $\varepsilon$ are both stochastic, this algorithm is not easily be breached. In addition, diffusion Map can keep topology structure of dataset, so the classification precision after encryption are kept well. The experiment shows that the present method can provide sensitive information enough protect without much loss of the classification precision.
Charcot neuroarthropathy in simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation: report of two cases

Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is considered a major complication in diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is estimated that 1% of diabetic patients may develop this complication. Simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantation (SKPT) is one of the most effective therapies for patients with type 1 DM and end-stage diabetic nephropathy. Some cases with a Charcot-modified clinical presentation during the postoperative convalescence period after SKPT have been described. The clinical presentation may condition severe destructive lesions, and good practices include systematic follow-up. Based on the cases described, SKPT is one more entity that might lead to CN ‘foot-at-risk’. The aim of this article is to describe two cases of neuropathic arthropathy with rapid progression in the short term after SKPT.
A drug safety evaluation of everolimus in kidney transplantation

Introduction: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) have greatly reduced the rate of acute rejection and improved short-term graft survival after organ transplantation, however, long-term survival has hardly changed since their introduction. CNIs are believed to contribute to graft fibrosis, have side effects that adversely affect cardiovascular risk, and are associated with an increased rate of post-transplant malignancies. Everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, is not associated with graft fibrosis, has a superior cardiovascular risk profile to CNI therapy and has shown potential for the prevention and treatment of diverse forms of cancer. Areas covered: This review summarizes key aspects of everolimus, including its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug–drug interactions and pivotal clinical studies with a focus on safety and efficacy. Expert opinion: Everolimus is effective in improving graft function in selected kidney transplant patients. Most adverse events are present for a short time after the introduction of everolimus, and are manageable. Everolimus has the potential to become an important agent in de novo and maintenance immunotherapy in kidney transplant recipients.
ARTICLE WITH PEER COMMENTARIES AND RESPONSE Infants' reasoning about hidden objects: evidence for event-general and event-specific expectations

Research over the past 20 years has revealed that even very young infants possess expectations about physical events, and that these expectations undergo significant developments during the first year of life. In this article, I first review some of this research, focusing on infants’ expectations about occlusion, containment, and covering events, all of which involve hidden objects. Next, I present an account of infants’ physical reasoning that integrates these various findings, and describe new experiments that test predictions from this account. Finally, because all of the research I discuss uses the violation-of-expectation method, I address recent concerns about this method and summarize new findings that help alleviate these concerns.
Revisiting the concept of a cytopathic viral infection

The outcome of a viral infection with respect to cellular fate is a fundamental aspect of viral biology. Different virus families have vastly different interactions with their host cells, but they have long been broadly grouped as causing either persistent or cytopathic infections. Persistent infections are established through a variety of mechanisms, but all result in a long-term infection of the host cell. Other viruses cause a lytic (or cytopathic) infection that leads to cellular death shortly after viral infection. But what if cellular death was not the only outcome of a cytopathic viral infection? What if additional cell fates not only occurred but also were important for viral pathogenesis? The focus of this review will be on the evidence for cellular survival after cytopathic virus infections and the importance of these uncharacterized cell populations.
Objectness-aware Semantic Segmentation

Recent advances in semantic segmentation are driven by the success of fully convolutional neural network (FCN). However, the coarse label map from the network and the object discrimination ability for semantic segmentation weaken the performance of those FCN-based models. To address these issues, we propose an objectness-aware semantic segmentation framework (OA-Seg) by jointly learning an object proposal network (OPN) and a lightweight deconvolutional neural network (Light-DCNN). First, OPN is learned based on a fully convolutional architecture to simultaneously predict object bounding boxes and their objectness scores. Second, we design a Light-DCNN to provide a finer upsampling way than FCN. The Light-DCNN is constructed with convolutional layers in VGG-net and their mirrored deconvolutional structure, where all fully-connected layers are removed. And hierarchical classification layers are added to multi-scale deconvolutional features to introduce more contextual information for pixel-wise label prediction. Compared with previous works, our approach performs an obvious decrease on model size and convergence time. Thorough evaluations are performed on the PASCAL VOC 2012 benchmark, and our model yields impressive results on its validation data (70.3% mean IoU) and test data (74.1% mean IoU).
Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to modify existing sex-specific health risk appraisal functions (profile functions) for the prediction of first stroke that better assess the effects of the use of antihypertensive medication. METHODS Health risk appraisal functions were previously developed from the Framingham Study cohort. These functions were Cox proportional hazards regression models relating age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, prior cardiovascular disease, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram, and the use of antihypertensive medication to the occurrence of stroke. Closer examination of the data indicated that antihypertensive therapy effect is present only for systolic blood pressures between 110 and 200 mm Hg. Adjustments to the regressions to better fit the observed data were developed and tested for statistical significance and goodness-of-fit of the model residuals. RESULTS Modified functions more consistent with the data were developed, and, from these, tables to evaluate 10-year risk of first stroke were computed. CONCLUSIONS The stroke profile can be used for evaluation of the risk of stroke and suggestion of risk factor modification to reduce risk. The effect of antihypertensive therapy in the evaluation of stroke risk can now be better evaluated.
Global Distribution and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits high genetic diversity, characterized by regional variations in genotype prevalence. This poses a challenge to the improved development of vaccines and pan‐genotypic treatments, which require the consideration of global trends in HCV genotype prevalence. Here we provide the first comprehensive survey of these trends. To approximate national HCV genotype prevalence, studies published between 1989 and 2013 reporting HCV genotypes are reviewed and combined with overall HCV prevalence estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project. We also generate regional and global genotype prevalence estimates, inferring data for countries lacking genotype information. We include 1,217 studies in our analysis, representing 117 countries and 90% of the global population. We calculate that HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide, comprising 83.4 million cases (46.2% of all HCV cases), approximately one‐third of which are in East Asia. Genotype 3 is the next most prevalent globally (54.3 million, 30.1%); genotypes 2, 4, and 6 are responsible for a total 22.8% of all cases; genotype 5 comprises the remaining <1%. While genotypes 1 and 3 dominate in most countries irrespective of economic status, the largest proportions of genotypes 4 and 5 are in lower‐income countries. Conclusion: Although genotype 1 is most common worldwide, nongenotype 1 HCV cases—which are less well served by advances in vaccine and drug development—still comprise over half of all HCV cases. Relative genotype proportions are needed to inform healthcare models, which must be geographically tailored to specific countries or regions in order to improve access to new treatments. Genotype surveillance data are needed from many countries to improve estimates of unmet need. (Hepatology 2015;61:77–87)