Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The T309G MDM2 Gene Polymorphism Is a Novel Risk Factor for Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is still the major cause of failure in retinal detachment (RD) surgery. It is believed that down-regulation in the p53 pathway could be an important key in PVR pathogenesis. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of T309G MDM2 polymorphism (rs2279744) in PVR. Distribution of T309G MDM2 genotypes among European subjects undergoing RD surgery was evaluated. Proportions of genotypes between subsamples from different countries were analyzed. Also, a genetic interaction between rs2279744 in MDM2 and rs1042522 in p53 gene was analyzed. Significant differences were observed comparing MDM2 genotype frequencies at position 309 of intron 1 between cases (GG: 21.6%, TG: 54.5%, TT: 23.8%) and controls (GG: 7.3%, TG: 43.9%, TT: 48.7%). The proportions of genotypes between sub-samples from different countries showed a significant difference. Distribution of GG genotype revealed differences in Spain (35.1–53.0)/(22.6–32.9), Portugal (39.0–74.4)/(21.4–38.9), Netherlands (40.6–66.3)/(25.3–38.8) and UK (37.5–62.4)/(23.3–34.2). The OR of G carriers in the global sample was 5.9 (95% CI: 3.2 to 11.2). The OR of G carriers from Spain and Portugal was 5.4 (95% CI: 2.2–12.7), whereas in the UK and the Netherlands was 7.3 (95% CI: 2.8–19.1). Results indicate that the G allele of rs2279744 is associated with a higher risk of developing PVR in patients undergoing a RD surgery. Further studies are necessary to understand the role of this SNP in the development of PVR.
Pose estimation for generalized imaging device via solving non-perspective N point problem

In this paper we present a systematic method for pose estimation of such a generalized imaging device. We reformulate it as a non-perspective n point (NPnP) problem. The case with exact solutions, for n=3, is investigated comprehensively. Approximate solutions can also be found for n>3 with our approach in a least-squared-error manner. The proposed method can be used not only to perspective imaging devices, but also non-perspective ones.
Statistical Modelling and phylogenetic Analysis of a Deaminase Domain

Deamination reactions are catalyzed by a variety of enzymes including those involved in nucleoside/nucleotide metabolism and cytosine to uracil (C-->U) and adenosine to inosine (A-->I) mRNA editing. The active site of the deaminase (DM) domain in these enzymes contains a conserved histidine (or rarely cysteine), two cysteines and a glutamate proposed to act as a proton shuttle during deamination. Here, a statistical model, a hidden Markov model (HMM), of the DM domain has been created which identifies currently known DM domains and suggests new DM domains in viral, bacterial and eucaryotic proteins. However, no DM domains were identified in the currently predicted proteins from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii and possible causes for, and a potential means to ameliorate this situation are discussed. In some of the newly identified DM domains, the glutamate is changed to a residue that could not function as a proton shuttle and in one instance (Mus musculus spermatid protein TENR) the cysteines are also changed to lysine and serine. These may be non-competent DM domains able to bind but not act upon their substrate. Phylogenetic analysis using an HMM-generated alignment of DM domains reveals three branches with clear substructure in each branch. The results suggest DM domains that are candidates for yeast, platyhelminth, plant and mammalian C-->U and A-->I mRNA editing enzymes. Some bacterial and eucaryotic DM domains form distinct branches in the phylogenetic tree suggesting the existence of common, novel substrates.
Nonoperative Treatment of Proximal Humerus Fractures 2

Proximal humerus fractures are common but debilitating injuries, which result in significant dysfunction for the patient and both diagnostic and treatment challenges for the physician. Knowledge of the complex bone and soft tissue anatomy of the shoulder is paramount in successful treatment of proximal humerus fractures. Proximal humerus fractures account for 5 % of all fractures, and they are third in frequency among the most common types of fractures [1–3]. In general, there is a unimodal distribution of these injuries. The vast majority are low energy fractures occurring in elderly individuals with more high energy and complex fractures in younger patients happening less frequently [4–6]. Incidence does tend to increase with age, and elderly individuals who sustain these fractures are more commonly female, over the age of 60, and have a history of osteoporosis [3, 7, 8]. Nearly 3⁄4 of proximal humerus fractures occur in patients older than 60 who have fallen from a standing height [2, 4]. The majority of proximal humerus fractures in this demographic are relatively non-displaced and can be treated successfully without surgery [9]. Risk factors for proximal humerus fractures include elderly patients, low bone mineral density, impaired vision and balance, no history of hormone replacement therapy, smoking, >3 chronic illnesses, and previous fragility fracture [4, 10, 11]. Younger patients sustain proximal humerus fractures as a result of motor vehicle accidents, seizures, electric shock, and fall from greater than a standing height [12]. These injuries tend to involve more significant bony and soft tissue disruption and accordingly are treated with surgical intervention [2, 11]. Regardless of the age of the patient or mechanism of injury, restoration of pain-free functional range of motion remains the primary treatment goal of these injuries [13]. Some difficulty in clinical assessment and classification of proximal humerus fractures has resulted in a lack of standardization over treatment protocols [9]. Numerous factors contribute to post injury functional outcomes; therefore, a large debate exists over appropriate treatment [14, 15]. In addition, a lack of high-level evidence with regards to treatment and outcomes after proximal humerus fractures despite the relative frequency of the injury has resulted in a lack of consensus based protocol driven treatment [14, 16, 17]. Recent advances in technology have provided new treatment options without substantiation over historical options [9]. There currently exists several dilemmas such as when to perform surgery and which surgery is the most appropriate method of treatment, which have yet to be definitively determined. High-level outcome based studies are currently being performed to help answer questions but uncertainty still remains [18]. Regardless of T. Twiss (*) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Freeman Health System, 3105 McClelland Boulevard, Joplin, MO 64804-1640, USA e-mail: toddtwiss@yahoo.com
Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association.

OBJECTIVE Hypothyroidism has multiple etiologies and manifestations. Appropriate treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting medical conditions. This paper describes evidence-based clinical guidelines for the clinical management of hypothyroidism in ambulatory patients. METHODS The development of these guidelines was commissioned by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) in association with American Thyroid Association (ATA). AACE and the ATA assembled a task force of expert clinicians who authored this article. The authors examined relevant literature and took an evidence-based medicine approach that incorporated their knowledge and experience to develop a series of specific recommendations and the rationale for these recommendations. The strength of the recommendations and the quality of evidence supporting each was rated according to the approach outlined in the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Protocol for Standardized Production of Clinical Guidelines-2010 update. RESULTS Topics addressed include the etiology, epidemiology, clinical and laboratory evaluation, management, and consequences of hypothyroidism. Screening, treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, pregnancy, and areas for future research are also covered. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-two evidence-based recommendations and subrecommendations were developed to aid in the care of patients with hypothyroidism and to share what the authors believe is current, rational, and optimal medical practice for the diagnosis and care of hypothyroidism. A serum thyrotropin is the single best screening test for primary thyroid dysfunction for the vast majority of outpatient clinical situations. The standard treatment is replacement with L-thyroxine. The decision to treat subclinical hypothyroidism when the serum thyrotropin is less than 10 mIU/L should be tailored to the individual patient.
Efferent modulation of hair cell function

Purpose of reviewThis review covers the articles published between 2010 and early 2011 that presented new findings on inner-ear efferents and their ability to modulate hair cell function. Recent findingsStudies published within the review period have increased our understanding of efferent mechanisms on hair cells in the cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium and provide insights on efferent contributions to the plasticity of bilateral auditory processing. The central nervous system controls the sensitivity of hair cells to physiological stimuli by regulating the gain of hair cell electromechanical amplification and modulating the efficiency of hair cell–eighth nerve transmission. A notable advance in the last year has been animal and human studies that have examined the contribution of the olivocochlear efferents to sound localization, particularly in a noisy environment. SummaryAcoustic activation of olivocochlear fibers provides a clinical test for the integrity of the peripheral auditory system and has provided new understanding about the function and limitations of the cochlear amplifier. Although similar tests may be possible in the efferent vestibular system, they have not yet been developed. The structural and functional similarities of the sensory epithelia in the inner ear offer hope that testing procedures may be developed that will allow reliable testing of the vestibular hair cell function.
The Drug Resistance Strategies Intervention: Program Effects on Substance Use

This study evaluates the Drug Resistance Strategies (DRS) project, a culturally grounded, communication-based substance use prevention program implemented in 35 middle schools in Phoenix, Arizona. The intervention consisted of 10 lessons taught by the classroom teacher that imparted the knowledge, motivation, and skills needed to resist drug offers. The evaluation used growth modeling to analyze significant differences in average postintervention substance use (alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) and growth of use over the course of the study. The study involved 6,298 seventh graders (65% Mexican/Mexican American) who responded to at least 1 of 4 questionnaires (1 pretest and 3 follow-up measures). When compared to a control group, the DRS intervention appeared to significantly limit the increase in the number of students reporting recent substance use, especially alcohol and marijuana use. The multicultural version of the curriculum proved most broadly effective, followed by the version targeting Mexican American youth. The development of a culturally grounded prevention curriculum for Mexican American youth expands the population being served by interventions. Moreover, the success of the multicultural curriculum version, which has the broadest application, provides particular promise, and the article demonstrates how a growth modeling approach can be used to evaluate a communication-based intervention by analyzing changes over time rather than differences between the pretest and posttest scores.
Immediate Postoperative Aspirin Improves Vein Graft Patency Early and Late After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Study

BackgroundThe efficacy of aspirin for prevention of thrombotic graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) depends both on the dosage and time window of administration. Early and late graft patency were therefore assessed in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of aspirin, 324 mg daily, given within 1 hour of CABG. Methods and ResultsAngiographic graft patency was determined at 1 week (231 patients) and year (219 patients) after CABG. The early vein graft occlusion rate was 1.6% on aspirin and 6.2% on placebo (p = 0.004), and late graft occlusion rate was 5.8% on continued aspirin and 11.6% on placebo (p = 0.01). New graft occlusion between 1 week and 1 year was less common in patients on aspirin than on placebo (4.3% versus 7.4%, p = 0.013). The protective effect of aspirin against occlusion persisted in most subgroups of graft type, graft flow, diameter of recipient artery, location of grafted artery, and endarterectomy. Mean chest tube blood loss for the first 24 hours was 571 ml for the aspirin group and 563 ml for the placebo group. Red cell transfusion requirements were 902 ml in the aspirin group and 934 ml in the placebo group (p=NS). The reoperation rate was 4.8% in the aspirin group and 1% in the placebo group (p = 0.1). ConclusionsImmediate postoperative administration of aspirin (324 mg) improves early graft patency and, with continued usage, protects against further occlusion up to 1 year after CABG. Postoperative blood loss was similar in the two groups; however, aspirin was associated with a nonsignificant higher rate of reoperation.
The Populist Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lithuania: From Criticism to Conspiracy Theories

The COVID-19 crisis became a great opportunity to spread populistic discourses that were usually accompanied by conspiracy theories. The article reveals a gradual process of politicization of the crisis by various Lithuanian populist actors, transforming the COVID-19 pandemic from a medical issue into a political one. Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism combined with William Felstiner’s framework of politicization conceptualize these processes. The research showed that populist actors used a specific discourse dynamic to make the pandemic a political issue, moving from criticism of the specific measures to manage the pandemic, to an abstract and negative assessment of the situation as a whole.
5HT1B Receptor Agonists Inhibit Light-Induced Phase Shifts of Behavioral Circadian Rhythms and Expression of the Immediate–Early Gene c-fos in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator and a critical component of the mammalian circadian system. It receives afferents from the retina and the mesencephalic raphe. Retinal afferents mediate photic entrainment of the SCN, whereas the serotonergic afferents originating from the midbrain modulate photic responses in the SCN; however, the serotonin (5HT) receptor subtypes in the SCN responsible for these modulatory effects are not well characterized. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that 5HT1B receptors are located presynaptically on retinal axon terminals in the SCN and that activation of these receptors inhibits retinal input. The 5HT1B receptor agonists TFMPP and CGS 12066A, administered systemically, inhibited light-induced phase shifts of the circadian activity rhythm in a dose-dependent manner at phase delay and phase advance time points. This inhibition was not affected by previous systemic application of either the selective 5HT1A receptor antagonist (+)WAY 100135 or by the 5HT2 receptor antagonist mesulergine, whereas pretreatment with the nonselective 5HT1 antagonist methiothepin significantly attenuated the effect of TFMPP. TFMPP also produced a dose-dependent reduction in light-stimulated Fos expression in the SCN, although a small subset of cells in the dorsolateral aspect of the caudal SCN were TFMPP-insensitive. TFMPP (1 mm) infused into the SCN produced complete inhibition of light-induced phase advances. Finally, bilateral orbital enucleation reduced the density of SCN 5HT1B receptors as determined using [125I]-iodocyanopindolol to define 5HT1Bbinding sites. These results are consistent with the interpretation that 5HT1B receptors are localized presynaptically on retinal terminals in the SCN and that activation of these receptors by 5HT1B agonists inhibits retinohypothalamic input.
Wavefront Propagation and Fuzzy Based Autonomous Navigation

Path planning and obstacle avoidance are the two major issues in any navigation system. Wavefront propagation algorithm, as a good path planner, can be used to determine an optimal path. Obstacle avoidance can be achieved using possibility theory. Combining these two functions enable a robot to autonomously navigate to its destination. This paper presents the approach and results in implementing an autonomous navigation system for an indoor mobile robot. The system developed is based on a laser sensor used to retrieve data to update a two dimensional world model of therobot environment. Waypoints in the path are incorporated into the obstacle avoidance. Features such as ageing of objects and smooth motion planning are implemented to enhance efficiency and also to cater for dynamic environments.
On reality property of Wronski maps

We prove that if all roots of the discrete Wronskian with step 1 of a set of quasi-exponentials with real bases are real, simple and differ by at least 1, then the complex span of this set of quasi-exponentials has a basis consisting of quasi-exponentials with real coefficients. This result generalizes the B. and M.Shapiro conjecture about spaces of polynomials. The proof is based on the Bethe ansatz method for the XXX model.
Single-case experimental designs. Uses in applied clinical research.

The difficulty of developing and evaluating effective treatments in psychiatry and clinical psychology points out the inadequacy of current research methodology involving comparisons of large groups. An alternative approach firmly founded in the scientific method, but particularly appropriate to the study of complex behavior disorders, is the single-case experimental design. In this paper, examples of different single-case designs actually employed in applied clinical research are presented and discussed. Practical problems arising during the course of research are highlighted and some basic procedures outlined. General questions on variability, representativeness of finidings, and clinical versus statistical significance are briefly discussed.
Optimization of prediction approach for improving students orientation in university: Case of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdelah University (SMBAU)

Determine the right size of the tree is a crucial operation in the construction of a decision tree from a large volume of data. It largely determines its performance when deployed in the population. This is to avoid two extremes: the sub-study, defined by a tree too small, poorly capturing useful information of the training data; overfitting, defined by a exaggerated size of tree, capturing the specific training data, characteristics that can not be transposed in the population. In both cases, we have a little performance prediction model. Our work is summarized by optimizing a predictive model with the CART method for pre-university orientation s[1]; This is a compromise between the reliability of the model on the training set and the generalization of the model case University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdelah (SMBAU) of Fez.
Expression of DNA transposable elements during nervous system development

Transposable elements (retrotransposons and DNA transposons) comprise a large proportion of animal genomes, for example 20% in D. melanogaster, 36% in X. tropicalis and 45% in humans. After invading a new genome, the transposable element increases its copy number and subsequently accumulates mutations. These may eventually result in inactive copies. Until recent days transposons have been considered “junk” DNA and no clear function have been assigned for this important amount of information on genomes.
A conserved flagella-associated protein in Chlamydomonas, FAP234, is essential for axonemal localization of tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL9

A novel axonemal protein, FAP234, of Chlamydomonas is found to form a complex with a tubulin-polyglutamylating enzyme, TTLL9, and function in the stabilization and intraflagellar transport of TTLL9. These proteins are conserved in most ciliated organisms and may be specialized for regulation of ciliary motility.
Multi-view learning of acoustic features for speaker recognition

We consider learning acoustic feature transformations using an additional view of the data, in this case video of the speaker's face. Specifically, we consider a scenario in which clean audio and video is available at training time, while at test time only noisy audio is available. We use canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to learn linear projections of the acoustic observations that have maximum correlation with the video frames. We provide an initial demonstration of the approach on a speaker recognition task using data from the VidTIMIT corpus. The projected features, in combination with baseline MFCCs, outperform the baseline recognizer in noisy conditions. The techniques we present are quite general, although here we apply them to the case of a specific speaker recognition task. This is the first work of which we are aware in which multiple views are used to learn an acoustic feature projection at training time, while using only the acoustics at test time.
Layers of Interpretation: On Grammar and Compositionality

With the recent resurgence of interest in semantic annotation of corpora for improved semantic parsing, we observe a tendency which we view as ill-advised, to conflate sentence meaning and speaker meaning into a single mapping, whether done by annotators or by a parser. We argue instead for the more traditional hypothesis that sentence meaning, but not speaker meaning, is compositional, and accordingly that NLP systems would benefit from reusable, automatically derivable, taskindependent semantic representations which target sentence meaning, in order to capture exactly the information in the linguistic signal itself. We further argue that compositional construction of such sentence meaning representations affords better consistency, more comprehensiveness, greater scalability, and less duplication of effort for each new NLP application. For concreteness, we describe one well-tested grammar-based method for producing sentence meaning representations which is efficient for annotators, and which exhibits many of the above benefits. We then report on a small inter-annotator agreement study to quantify the consistency of semantic representations produced via this grammar-based method.
Three-Dimensional Face Recognition Using Shapes of Facial Curves

We study shapes of facial surfaces for the purpose of face recognition. The main idea is to 1) represent surfaces by unions of level curves, called facial curves, of the depth function and 2) compare shapes of surfaces implicitly using shapes of facial curves. The latter is performed using a differential geometric approach that computes geodesic lengths between closed curves on a shape manifold. These ideas are demonstrated using a nearest-neighbor classifier on two 3D face databases: Florida State University and Notre Dame, highlighting a good recognition performance