Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The handbook of social welfare management

PART ONE: WHAT IS SOCIAL WELFARE MANAGEMENT? MAPPING THE FIELD OF PRACTICE The Landscape of Social Welfare Management - Rino J Patti Social Work and Social Welfare Administration - David M Austin A Historical Perspective The Environmental Context of Social Welfare Administration - Lawrence L Martin Administrative Ethics - Frederick G Reamer PART TWO: UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS Social Welfare Administration and Organizational Theory - Yeheskel Hasenfeld Structural and Fiscal Characteristics of Social Service Agencies - Margaret Gibelman Hillel Schmid Agency-Environment Relations Understanding Task Environments Organizational Structure and Performance - David F Gillespie Motivating Work Performance in Social Services - Diane Vinokur-Kaplan and Daniel Bogin Organizational Climate and Culture - Charles Glisson The Individual in the Organization - Gary F Koeske and Randi Koeske The Impact of Human Service Workers' Attributes on Job Response PART THREE: DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL WELFARE MANAGEMENT: ISSUES, FUNCTIONS AND TASKS What Managers Do and Why They Do It - David Menefee Managing for Service Outcomes - John Poertner The Critical Role of Information Interorganizational Collaboration in the Task Environment - Catherine Foster Alter The Manager as Leader - David Bargal Managing Information for Decision Making - Dick Schoech Managing the Planning Process - Michael J Austin and Jeffrey R Solomon Manager as Resource Developer - Phillip McCallion Financial Management - Mark Ezell Managing Personnel - Peter J Pecora and Michael Wagner Managing for Diversity and Empowerment in Social Services - Alfreda P Iglehart Initiating and Implementing Change - Felice Davidson Perlmutter PART FOUR: MANAGING IN FIELDS OF SERVICE: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Points of Tension - Barbara J Friesen Mental Health Administration in a Managed Care Environment Services for Families and Children - Marie Weil The Changing Context and New Challenges Health Care and Social Work - Andrew Weissman and Gary Rosenberg Dilemmas and Opportunities Aging - Katherine H Wilber
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Aging Neuroscience Mammalian Aging and Brain Mitochondrial Impairment in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging, Neurodegeneration, and Parkinson's Disease

Mitochondria were brought to attention in aging biology due to the central role of mitochondria in producing biochemical energy (ATP) to meet cellular requirements in aerobic cells and to the decline of basal metabolic rate and of physical performance that are characteristic of aging. Moreover, mitochondria are considered likely pacemakers of tissue aging due to their continuous production of the free radicals superoxide (O 2-) and nitric oxide (NO), to the mitochondrial sensitivity to free radical mediated oxidative damage and to the accumulation of phospholipid, protein, and DNA oxidation products in aged animals In mammalian brain aging, more precisely in rats and mice, the accumulation of dysfunctional brain mitochondria with decreased rates of electron transfer in complexes I and IV and of ATP production is associated with the accumulation of oxidation products of phospholipids and proteins, and these characteristics appear as determining factors in brain aging. The evidence supporting this concept is the inverse relationships between accumulated oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and TBARS) and the rates of electron transfer and enzymatic activity (Figure 1A), the direct relationships between the rates of electron transfer in complexes I and IV and the enzymatic activity of mtNOS with Mammalian aging is characterized by a gradual and continuous loss, starting at full adulthood, of the quality of all physiological functions and responses involving all organs and tissues. However, the losses are more marked in the functions that depend on integrated responses of the central nervous system (Gilad and Gilad, 1995). The whole economy of the body is involved in the aging process and a decreased basal metabolic rate is recognized as one of the traits of old mammals. In the study of mammalian aging there is a continuous interplay between the concept of loosing physiological functions, adequately expressed by the fraction at a given age of the function at full adulthood, and the concept of survival or extension of life, that is expressed by the median or maximal life span. The free radical theory of aging is based on the works of Gerschaman et al. (1954) and Harman (1956) that considered that aging is caused by the continuous inactivation of biologically essential macromolecules due to chemical modifications produced in reactions mediated by oxygen free radicals. When the free radical theory of aging, that lacked the precision of the subcellular location of the oxidative reactions mediated by free radicals, is focused in mitochondria, it emerges …
Phosphorylation of Troponin I by Protein Kinase A Accelerates Relaxation and Crossbridge Cycle Kinetics in Mouse Ventricular Muscle

Abstract— Phosphorylation of cardiac myofibrils by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) can increase the intrinsic rate of myofibrillar relaxation, which may contribute to the shortening of the cardiac twitch during &bgr;-adrenoceptor stimulation. However, it is not known whether the acceleration of myofibrillar relaxation is due to phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) or of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C). To distinguish between these possibilities, we used transgenic mice that overexpress the nonphosphorylatable, slow skeletal isoform of TnI in the myocardium and do not express the normal, phosphorylatable cardiac TnI. The intrinsic rate of relaxation of myofibrils from wild-type and transgenic mice was measured using flash photolysis of diazo-2 to rapidly decrease the [Ca2+] within skinned muscles from the mouse ventricles. Incubation with PKA nearly doubled the intrinsic rate of myofibrillar relaxation in muscles from wild-type mice (relaxation half-time fell from ≈150 to ≈90 ms at 22°C) but had no effect on the relaxation rate of muscles from the transgenic mice. In parallel studies with intact muscles, we assessed crossbridge kinetics indirectly by determining fmin (the frequency for minimum dynamic stiffness) during tetanic contractions. Stimulation of &bgr;-adrenoceptors with isoproterenol increased fmin from 1.9 to 3.1 Hz in muscles from wild-type mice but had no effect on fmin in muscles from transgenic mice. We conclude that the acceleration of myofibrillar relaxation rate by PKA is due to phosphorylation of TnI, rather than MyBP-C, and that this may be due, at least in part, to faster crossbridge cycle kinetics.
Microalbuminuria and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Prospective studies have shown that increased urinary albumin excretion is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the nature of the association remains unknown. Eighty‐five patients aged less than 65 years and not treated with insulin were studied. The overnight albumin excretion rate (AER) was measured in each patient and analysed in relation to several putative risk factors for cardiovascular disease. AER was used both as a continuous variable and after dividing patients into high‐risk (AER ≥ 10 μg min−1) and low‐risk (AER < 10 μg min−1) groups. By both methods of analysis AER was significantly correlated with both seated and supine diastolic blood pressure levels and with resting heart rate. Body mass index and waist—hip ratio appeared higher and HDL‐cholesterol lower in the at‐risk group, but differences were not statistically significant. The level of Factor VII was not significantly lower in the at‐risk group. Little of the cardiovascular risk associated with raised AER can be attributed to associations with conventional risk factors.
Immunodetectable cyclin D 1 is associated with oestrogen receptor but not Ki67 in normal, cancerous and precancerous breast lesions

Cyclin D1 is associated with cell cycle regulation and has more recently been shown to stimulate the transcriptional functions of the oestrogen receptor (ER). Furthermore, in normal breast there is a negative association between expression of ER and the proliferation marker Ki67 indicating that either ER positive cells are non-dividing or that the receptor is down-regulated as cells enter cycle. This important relationship breaks down in many ER-positive cancers and precancerous breast lesions where the receptor is often detected on proliferating cells. The aims of the present study were to determine the interplay between ER, Ki67 and cyclin D1in individual cells within the spectrum of human breast lesions ranging from normal to invasive carcinoma by using dual staining immunofluorescence. We found that in normal breast there was a strong positive association between ER and cyclin D1expression. In contrast there was a strong negative association between cyclin D1and Ki67 expression. Similar findings were seen for the other precancerous and cancerous breast lesions. Thus immunodetectable cyclin D1within individual cells does not appear to be associated with cell cycle progression in the benign or malignant breast but instead may have important interactions with ER. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign
Acute Interstitial Pneumopathy Associated with Docetaxel Hypersensitivity

Background: Acute pulmonary toxicity in cancer patients treated with docetaxel has been reported in previous phase II studies and case reports. Unlike transient pulmonary infiltrates, it is demonstrated that docetaxel-induced interstitial pneumopathy is a severe clinical condition that generally leads to respiratory failure. Case Report: We report a patient with breast cancer who received 2 cycles of docetaxel in 3-week intervals and developed respiratory failure. The clinical, pathologic, and radiographic data supported pulmonary toxicity caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to docetaxel as the most likely etiology. The patient developed the same symptoms and radiological findings after 1 cycle of paclitaxel administration. Unlike other more severe examples in the literature, this patient’s condition did not require mechanical ventilation, and she recovered after corticosteroid treatment. Conclusion: The present case raises the possibility that taxanes, as a group of chemotherapeutic agents, may cause the same type of adverse reaction in the pulmonary parenchyma. The authors recommend that any patient who develops a taxane- induced pulmonary toxic reaction, not be rechallenged or treated with another agent of the same class.
Real-time running detection from a moving camera

In this paper, we present a real-time running detection system from a moving camera. 11 fps and satisfying detection accuracy in outdoor surveillance environment can be achieved in the system, using only one processing thread without resorting to special hardware like GPU. Real-time and high accuracy detection are made possible by two contributions. First, we use a succession of preprocessing methods to extract regions of interest (ROI), including spatial domain analysis, computing the optical flow of every two consecutive images and predefining a threshold based on optical flow to choose effective areas as ROIs. Second, we use relative small-batch samples to train our 5-layer CNN in order to achieve a satisfying detection rate. Experiments on various videos shot in different time and places have proved that the proposed system can detect running pedestrians in outdoors effectively and robustly and meet the real-time requirement with a high detection rate.
The problem of concept drift: definitions and related work

Alexey Tsymbal Department of Computer Science Trinity College Dublin, Ireland tsymbalo@tcd.ie April 29, 2004 Abstract In the real world concepts are often not stable but change with time. Typical examples of this are weather prediction rules and customers’ preferences. The underlying data distribution may change as well. Often these changes make the model built on old data inconsistent with the new data, and regular updating of the model is necessary. This problem, known as concept drift, complicates the task of learning a model from data and requires special approaches, different from commonly used techniques, which treat arriving instances as equally important contributors to the final concept. This paper considers different types of concept drift, peculiarities of the problem, and gives a critical review of existing approaches to the problem. 1. Definitions and peculiarities of the problem A difficult problem with learning in many real-world domains is that the concept of interest may depend on some hidden context, not given explicitly in the form of pre-dictive features. A typical example is weather prediction rules that may vary radically with the season. Another example is the patterns of customers’ buying preferences that may change with time, depending on the current day of the week, availability of alter-natives, inflation rate, etc. Often the cause of change is hidden, not known a priori, making the learning task more complicated. Changes in the hidden context can induce more or less radical changes in the target concept, which is generally known as con-cept drift (Widmer and Kubat, 1996). An effective learner should be able to track such changes and to quickly adapt to them. A difficult problem in handling concept drift is distinguishing between true concept drift and noise. Some algorithms may overreact to noise, erroneously interpreting it as concept drift, while others may be highly robust to noise, adjusting to the changes too slowly. An ideal learner should combine robustness to noise and sensitivity to concept drift (Widmer and Kubat, 1996). In many domains, hidden contexts may be expected to recur. Recurring contexts may be due to cyclic phenomena, such as seasons of the year or may be associated with irregular phenomena, such as inflation rates or market mood (Harries and Sam-mut, 1998). In such domains, in order to adapt more quickly to concept drift, concept
Inside the Content: The Breadth and Depth of Early Learning Standards.

SERVE (under contract no. ED-01-CO-0015). The findings and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the position or policies of IES or the U.S. Department of Education. ii Acknowledgments We would like to thank a number of persons who were instrumental to our efforts to bring this work to fruition. Kunzman's assistance in development of the document was invaluable. We would also like to thank Victoria Seitz for her insightful assistance with data analysis for the report. We especially would like to thank the early childhood specialists in state departments of education who participated in the interviews for Phase 1 of this study and have continued to provide us with updated standards documents and insights on early learning standards. We are grateful to each of the informants for their interest in this study and their tireless dedication to their work on behalf of families and children. Our hope is that insights illuminated in this report will be useful to persons involved in developing and implementing early learning standards. The authors are also grateful to four anonymous reviewers from the Institute of Education Sciences and the following persons who contributed their time and expertise toward reviewing the draft report. Their comments and suggestions were invaluable toward strengthening the quality of this research report. 1 Inside the Content: The Breadth and Depth of Early Learning Standards Background and Purposes for This Study
Visualising and Mining Digital Bibliographic Data

Finding related publications and their correct bibliographical data is getting harder and harder due to the mass of unrequested information and the decreasing precision of many information providers. The DBLP Computer Science Bibliography is a service used by thousands of computer scientists which provides fundamental support for scientists searching for publications or other scientists in similar communities. This paper describes a user–friendly interface which plays the central role in searching, browsing, and mining of bibliographical data. After introducing the concept of multi–layered browsing and an integrated smart component for entering new data, DBL–Browser itself and various visualisations are described.
Trends in the prescription of antiretroviral drugs and impact on plasma HIV-RNA measurements.

BACKGROUND The choice of antiretroviral drugs has evolved over the last decade. Recognition of trends and determinants of changes may help to make predictions on prescription patterns. METHODS Longitudinal analyses were performed every 6 months from 1996 to 2006, of all HIV-infected individuals who attended at one HIV/AIDS referral centre located in Madrid, Spain. RESULTS A total of 2602 different individuals attending during the study period were examined over 23 consecutive time-points. The number and proportion of patients under antiretroviral therapy significantly increased in the period 1996-99, with a plateau since then around 1100 patients, which represented around two-thirds of the patients seen at each time-point after the year 2000. The proportion of patients under antiretroviral therapy having undetectable viraemia significantly increased from 34.5% in 1996 to 80% in 2006. The relative use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) has risen in recent years, while prescription of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors has declined compared with the period 1999-2001, when it peaked. Among NRTIs, the use of zalcitabine, stavudine and didanosine has dramatically declined or vanished, while zidovudine, lamivudine, abacavir and tenofovir have gained relevance. Among PIs, indinavir and nelfinavir have almost disappeared, being replaced by ritonavir-boosted PIs, mainly atazanavir and lopinavir. After its first introduction in the year 1999, efavirenz has been generally preferred over nevirapine. CONCLUSIONS The choice of antiretroviral drugs has evolved during the last decade, with safety and convenience issues driving most changes in prescription patterns, while antiviral success has dramatically increased.
Cognitive Factors in Adoption of Instant Messaging: A Survey

This study investigates what cognitive factors affect the adoption of Instant Messaging. A theoretical model based on the Technology Acceptance Model within a cognitive perspective is developed, and a pilot study for an empirical analysis is conducted. A questionnaire is designed and uploaded to the professional research website. Through analysis using SEM, the key influencing factors are found including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived number of users. Then some recommendations are proposed to the internet companies based on the result.
Solution structure of the 2-amino-1- methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine C8-deoxyguanosine adduct in duplex DNA

The carcinogenic heterocyclic amine (HA) 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is formed during the cooking of various meats. To enable structure/activity studies aimed at understanding how DNA damaged by a member of the HA class of compounds can ultimately lead to cancer, we have determined the first solution structure of an 11-mer duplex containing the C8-dG adduct formed by reaction with N-acetoxy-PhIP. A slow conformational exchange is observed in which the PhIP ligand either intercalates into the DNA helix by denaturing and displacing the modified base pair (main form) or is located outside the helix in a minimally perturbed B-DNA duplex (minor form). In the main base-displaced intercalation structure, the minor groove is widened, and the major groove is compressed at the lesion site because of the location of the bulky PhIP-N-methyl and phenyl ring in the minor groove; this distortion causes significant bending of the helix. The PhIP phenyl ring interacts with the phosphodiester-sugar ring backbone of the complementary strand and its fast rotation with respect to the intercalated imidazopyridine ring causes substantial distortions at this site, such as unwinding and bulging-out of the strand. The glycosidic torsion angle of the [PhIP]dG residue is syn, and the displaced guanine base is directed toward the 3′ end of the modified strand. This study contributes, to our knowledge, the first structural information on the biologically relevant HA class to a growing body of knowledge about how conformational similarities and differences for a variety of types of lesions can influence protein interactions and ultimately biological outcome.
Relative Nondeterministic Information Logic is EXPTIME-complete

We define a relative version of the logic NIL introduced by Orlowska, Pawlak and Vakarelov and we show that its satisfiability is not only decidable but also EXPTIME-complete. Such a logic combines two ingredients that are seldom present simultaneously in information logics: frame conditions involving more than one information relation and relative frames. The EXPTIME upper bound is obtained by designing a well-suited decision procedure based on the nonemptiness problem of Buchi automata on infinite trees. The paper provides evidence that Buchi automata on infinite trees are crucial language acceptors even for relative information logics with multiple types of relations.
Systems biology approaches to toll-like receptor signaling

Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways constitute an evolutionarily conserved host defense system that protects against a broad range of infectious agents. Modeling of TLR signaling has been carried out at several levels. Structural models of TLRs and their adaptors, which utilize a small number of structural domains to recognize a diverse range of pathogens, provide a starting point for understanding how pathogens are recognized and signaling events initiated. Various experimental and computational techniques have been used to construct models of downstream signal transduction networks from the measurements of gene expression and chromatin structure under resting and perturbed conditions along with predicted regulatory sequence motifs. Although a complete and accurate mathematical model of all TLR signaling pathways has yet to be derived, many important modules have been identified and investigated, enhancing our understanding of innate immune responses. Extensions of these models based on emerging experimental techniques are discussed. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2012 doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1178