Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer aided periapical lesion diagnosis using quantized texture analysis

Periapical lesion is a common disease in oral health. While many studies have been devoted to image-based diagnosis of periapical lesion, these studies usually require clinicians to perform the task. In this paper we investigate the automatic solutions toward periapical lesion classification using quantized texture analysis. Specifically, we adapt the bag-of-visual-words model for periapical root image representation, which captures the texture information by collecting local patch statistics. Then we investigate several similarity measure approaches with the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier for the diagnosis task. To evaluate these classifiers we have collected a digitized oral X-Ray image dataset from 21 patients, resulting 139 root images in total. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that the KNN classifier based on the bagof- words model can achieve very promising performance for periapical lesion classification.
Last Word on Viewpoint: Looking beyond macrovenitlatory parameters and rethinking ventilator-induced lung injury.

Michaela C. Kollisch-Singule, Sumeet V. Jain, Penny L. Andrews, Joshua Satalin, Louis A. Gatto, Jesús Villar, Daniel De Backer, Luciano Gattinoni, Gary F. Nieman, and Nader M. Habashi Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Trauma Critical Care Medicine, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, New York; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Intensive Care, CHIREC Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; and Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
How Should We Understand Implicit and Explicit Processes in Scientific Thinking

Raising a question as controversial as that in this title leads me into more than one level of development in the psychology of science. At one level, I sketch the standard cognitive theory of the conscious explicit and unconscious implicit, and contrast it with a mentalistic theory I have variously presented, e.g. (Dulany, 1997). It is a theory in which deliberative (explicit) and evocative (implicit) mental episodes carry different forms of conscious contents interrelated by different forms of nonconscious mental operations. Supporting research, separating the deliberative and evocative, shows the role of awareness in both forms of learning and the superiority of the deliberative in handling novelty. Other research shows explicit deliberative processing in causal learning. At another level, this calls for a quite deliberative (explicit) logic of competitive support— a combination of Duhem-Quine thesis, network logic, and Bayesian inference--especially when the issues involve realistically interpreted constructs and strong controversy. At still another level, I argue that various historically significant metatheoretical and ideological positions have not only lead to the standard cognitive view—but continue to inspire a list of conceptual and methodological limitations and biases that have provided support for the standard view. Theory of explicit and implicit processes, a logic of competitive support, and metatheoretical and ideological influences all fall within the psychology of science. Key Terms: Mentalism, deliberative, evocative, conscious, unconscious, symbol, metatheory, ideology, Bayesian, competitive-support
Successful outcome after endovascular thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke with basis on perfusion-diffusion mismatch after 24 h of symptoms onset

Background: Although intravenous thrombolysis is the Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 3 h, combined intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis with endovascular techniques may be able to extend this traditional time window. Case Description: We present the clinical evolution of a 45-year-old male presenting with acute left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a small diffusion restriction at the right basal ganglia with perfusion compromise in the entire right middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Angiography revealed a complete occlusion of MCA at its M1 segment. The patient underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy with additional intra-arterial thrombolysis more than 24 hours after the onset of the initial symptoms and experienced complete vessel recanalization. At 1 year, the patient had global independence with minor residual motor impairment in the left arm. Conclusions: We report the case of a successful thrombolytic therapy following AIS performed more than 24 h after the initial symptoms based on the presence of a perfusion-diffusion mismatch. This report is expected to stimulate the development of future prospective studies with special focus on the role of perfusion-diffusion mismatch in patient selection for treatment of AIS, especially in those presenting outside the traditional time window.
Analysis-driven Engineering of Comparison-based Sorting Algorithms on GPUs

We study the relationship between memory accesses, bank conflicts, thread multiplicity (also known as over-subscription) and instruction-level parallelism in comparison-based sorting algorithms for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We experimentally validate a proposed formula that relates these parameters with asymptotic analysis of the number of memory accesses by an algorithm. Using this formula we analyze and compare several GPU sorting algorithms, identifying key performance bottlenecks in each one of them. Based on this analysis we propose a GPU-efficient multiway merge-sort algorithm, GPU-MMS, which minimizes or eliminates these bottlenecks and balances various limiting factors for specific hardware. We realize an implementation of GPU-MMS and compare it to sorting algorithm implementations in state-of-the-art GPU libraries on three GPU architectures. Despite these library implementations being highly optimized, we find that GPU-MMS outperforms them by an average of 21% for random integer inputs and 14% for random key-value pairs.
Whole-Exome Sequencing of Sinonasal Small Cell Carcinoma Arising within a Papillary Schneiderian Carcinoma In Situ

Objective The pathogenetic underpinnings of extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCCs) of the head and neck are poorly understood. We sought to describe the clinical case and whole-exome DNA sequencing data of a patient with sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ whose tumor progressed to small cell carcinoma (SCC). Study Design Case report and whole-exome sequencing of tumor DNA. Setting Academic medical center. Subjects and Methods A 52-year-old man with sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ whose tumor progressed to small cell carcinoma. We performed whole-exome genetic sequencing and copy-number variation (CNV) analysis of tumor and normal DNA extracted from flash-frozen, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Results A total of 93 high-confidence, nonsynonymous somatic mutation events were identified in sinonasal SCC, including loss-of-function mutations in TP53, MAML3, a transcriptional coactivator of the Notch pathway, and GAS6, an activating ligand of the TAM family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Focal amplifications of chromosomal regions 6p25-11.1, containing SOX4 and VEGFA, and 14q32.1-32.3, containing AKT1 and the Notch inhibitory ligand DLK1, were also seen. Further CNV analysis revealed deletions in the critical cell cycle regulators CDKN2A, RB1, RBL1, and RBL2 and the chromatin modifier EP300. Conclusions Small cell carcinoma may rarely arise from sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ and exhibits similar genomic aberrations (eg, SOX amplification, Notch pathway inactivation) to pulmonary small cell carcinoma.
Hot melt extrusion method for preparation of ibuprofen / sucroester WE 15 solid dispersions : evaluation and stability assessment

Article history: Received on: 15/01/2017 Accepted on: 11/04/2017 Available online: 30/08/2017 Low melting points Sucroesters (SEs) are used in hot-melt extrusion technology (HME). However, there are few literatures studying the effect of SEs on drug release and their storage stability. In this study, SE  WE15 was proposed to prepare sustained-release solid dispersions with Iburpofen (IBU), containing 60 & 30% w/w, by HME, fusion method and compared to physical mixtures. The fresh and stored samples were evaluated by a well-established release rate study (USP Apparatus IV), DSC and XRD. Results revealed that HME technique succeeded to produce sustained-release patterns for IBU. Stored samples (6 months at 40C / 75 % RH) were unstable and showed gradual decrease in IBU release rate for both IBU loadings. HME formula (60% w/w IBU) showed an increase in the amount of drug released. Long term stability, one year at room temperature, showed a marked increase in IBU release rate for both drug loadings. Only HME containing 30% w/w IBU gave stable form among others. DSC and XRD suggested that increase of SE content led to almost complete IBU dissolved in this carrier, and considerable decrease in IBU release rate. This has been proven by DSC and XRD data analysis for IBU and SE (enthalpy and counts).
Effect of tert-butyl hydroquinone on bull semen cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND Many studies have been shown that freezing induced oxidative stress has detrimental effect on post-thaw sperm quality. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) on bull semen crtopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, four different levels of tBHQ [Optidyl containing zero (T0), 2.5 (T2.5), 5 (T5), and 7.5 µM (T7.5) tBHQ] was used to study the effect of tBHQ on freezability of bull semen. On each collection day, four ejaculates were collected (a total of 24 ejaculates from four bulls), pooled and divided to four equal parts. Each part was diluted with one of the above-mentioned extenders and frozen. After thawing, sperm motility, plasma membrane functionality and integrity, apoptosis status and mitochondrial activity were assessed. RESULTS The results show that total sperm motility was significantly higher in T5 compared to other groups. The value of VSL was significantly lower in T5 compared to T0. Also, T5 resulted in lower LIN and STR versus T0 and T2.5 groups. All extenders containing tBHQ resulted in a significantly higher percentage of sperm with functional membrane compared to T0 groups. Finally, Apoptosis related parameters and mitochondrial activity were not significantly difference between the groups. CONCLUSION adding 5 µM tBHQ to the bull semen extender can be beneficial for post-thaw sperm quality. Also, in vivo or in vitro fertility test is recommended to test fertilizing ability of tBHQ exposed sperm.
Bioactivities and Biochemical Effects of Marjoram Essential Oil used against Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller ( Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae )

The bioactivities of marjoram essential oil against immature stages and adults of potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller were evaluated. The essential oil showed significant contact and fumigation insecticidal activities against different stages. The oil revealed strong contact toxicity and moderate fumigant activity against immature stages. Both adult males and females showed high susceptibility to the fumigation. Oviposition deterrent effects were found to be insignificant. Furthermore, the results showed that treatment of immature stages with the essential oil produced adult deformations. The essential oil tested had some biochemical effects on the last larval instar treated by the contact method, based on LC50 during metamorphosis to the adult. The results showed increases in the total protein and triacylglycerol content of most post-treatment days. Insignificant increases were found in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and chitinase. These results suggested that marjoram essential oil could be used as a potential control agent for potato tuber moth in storage facilities. [Mona F. Abd El-Aziz. Bioactivities and Biochemical Effects of Marjoram Essential Oil used against Potato Tuber Moth Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Life Science Journal. 2011;8(1):288297] (ISSN:1097–8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com.
Hierarchical Temporal Memory Using Memristor Networks: A Survey

This paper presents a survey of the currently available hardware designs for implementation of the human cortex inspired algorithm, Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM). In this review, we focus on the state-of-the-art advances of memristive HTM implementation and related HTM applications. With the advent of edge computing, HTM can be a potential algorithm to implement on-chip near sensor data processing. The comparison of analog memristive circuit implementations with the digital and mixed-signal solutions is provided. The advantages of memristive HTM over digital implementations against performance metrics such as processing speed, reduced on-chip area, and power dissipation are discussed. The limitations and open problems concerning the memristive HTM, such as the design scalability, sneak currents, leakage, parasitic effects, lack of the analog learning circuits implementations, and unreliability of the memristive devices integrated with CMOS circuits are also discussed.
The Biological Activities of Oleocanthal from a Molecular Perspective

Oleocanthal is a minor constituent of olive oil with strong anti-inflammatory activities. Since the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases involves inflammatory and oxidative components, oleocanthal is a promising agent to prevent these conditions. This review aimed to summarise the current beneficial health effects of oleocanthal and the molecular basis of its biological actions. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancer and neuroprotective activities of oleocanthal have been examined by previous studies. Of these, studies on the anticancer effects have been the most extensive. Oleocanthal was reported to suppress melanoma, breast, liver, and colon cancer cells. Neurological studies focused on the effects of oleocanthal against Alzheimer’s disease. Oleocanthal improved clearance of the amyloid beta protein from neurons and reduced the inflammation of astrocytes. Despite the positive results, validation of the biological effects of oleocanthal in animal disease models is limited and should be emphasized in the future. As a conclusion, oleocanthal may act together with other bioactive compounds in olive oil to achieve its therapeutic potential. The use of oleocanthal alone as a single therapeutic measure awaits validation from future studies.
Narrativity from the Perspectives of Economics and Philosophy: Davis, Ross, Multipleselves Models... and Behavioral Economics

Narrativity broadly refers to the way humans construct and use stories, be them the widely known ones in a given culture or the more private ones people tell to each other or to themselves. The main goal of this paper is to clarify the extent to which the notion of narrativity can play a role in economic analysis with respect to the representation of economic agents in models of individual behaviors. To do so, we scrutinize a set of contributions from a twofold perspective. From the perspective of economics, we seek to clarify the issues regarding which we, as economists, should be interest in narrativity. From the perspective of philosophy, we, as economic methodologists or philosopher of economics, seek to clarify the conceptual issues inherent to the notion of narrativity that are not trivial or can be of some use for economic analysis. To some extent, this twofold perspective on narrativity and economics has already been taken by John Davis (2009; 2011) and Don Ross (2005; 2014), who use the notion of narrativity to account for individuals’ sense of a unified self and identity, notably with respect to the recent surge of multipleselves models in economics. We propose to further Davis’ and Ross’ efforts in at least three respects: firstly, through a comparative study of their contributions focused on narrativity from the perspective of economics; secondly, by discussing the connections between their contributions and the set of existing contributions related to narrativity in behavioral economics that none of them discuss; and, thirdly, by taking, at least for the sake of argument, a philosophically critical perspective on narrativity.
Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of Talaromyces species isolated from cucurbit plants in China and description of two new species, T. cucurbitiradicus and T. endophyticus

ABSTRACT During a survey of endophytic fungi from cucurbit plants in China, 21 Talaromyces strains were isolated from ten symptomless plants. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit gene (RPB2) showed that the strains belong to Talaromyces sections Talaromyces and Islandici. Based on morphological characters and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), calmodulin (CaM), and β-tubulin (TUB) genes, the strains were identified as four known species, T. cnidii, T. pinophilus, T. radicus, and T. wortmannii, and two new species. Two new species, T. cucurbitiradicus from pumpkin roots and T. endophyticus from cucumber stems, are described in this study. Talaromyces cucurbitiradicus is morphologically similar to T. funiculosus but differs in the number of phialides per metula and by the production of chlamydospores. Talaromyces endophyticus is morphologically similar to T. cerinus and T. chlamydosporus but differs by producing yellowish colonies and by lacking chlamydospores. Further analyses of polymorphisms in ITS and TUB sequences supported the distinctions among T. cucurbitiradicus, T. endophyticus, and similar species.
Bleaching Text: Abstract Features for Cross-lingual Gender Prediction

Gender prediction has typically focused on lexical and social network features, yielding good performance, but making systems highly language-, topic-, and platform dependent. Cross-lingual embeddings circumvent some of these limitations, but capture gender-specific style less. We propose an alternative: bleaching text, i.e., transforming lexical strings into more abstract features. This study provides evidence that such features allow for better transfer across languages. Moreover, we present a first study on the ability of humans to perform cross-lingual gender prediction. We find that human predictive power proves similar to that of our bleached models, and both perform better than lexical models.
Sensitivity analysis of geometrical parameters to study haemodynamics and thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage

The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a complex and heterogeneous protruding structure of the left atrium (LA). In atrial fibrillation patients, it is the location where 90% of the thrombi are formed. However, the role of the LAA in thrombus formation is not fully known yet. The main goal of this work is to perform a sensitivity analysis to identify the most relevant LA and LAA morphological parameters in atrial blood flow dynamics. Simulations were run on synthetic ellipsoidal left atria models where different parameters were individually studied: pulmonary veins and mitral valve dimensions; LAA shape; and LA volume. Our computational analysis confirmed the relation between large LAA ostia, low blood flow velocities and thrombus formation. Additionally, we found that pulmonary vein configuration exerted a critical influence on LAA blood flow patterns. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the LAA and to support clinical decisions for atrial fibrillation patients.
Parental emotional reactions and their role in therapy for traumatized children and adolescents. A Norwegian treatment study with traumatized children and adolescents

Background: Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) has been shown to efficiently treat children and youth exposed to traumatizing events. However, few studies have looked into mechanisms that may distinguish this treatment from other treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the parents’ emotional reactions and depressive symptoms change over the course of therapy in the treatment conditions of TF-CBT and Therapy as Usual (TAU), and whether changes in the reactions mediate the difference between the treatment conditions on child post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and child depressive symptoms. Method: A sample of 135 caregivers of 135 traumatized children and youth (M age = 14.8, SD = 2.2, 80% girls) was randomly assigned to receive either TF-CBT or TAU. The parents’ emotional reactions were measured using the Parental Emotional Reaction Questionnaire (PERQ), and their depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The children’s outcomes were post-traumatic stress (PTS) reactions and depression, as measured by the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA) and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ), respectively. Results: The parents’ emotional reactions and depressive symptoms decreased significantly from preto post-therapy, but no significant differences between the two treatment conditions were found. The changes in reactions did not significantly mediate the treatment difference between TF-CBT and TAU on child PTS symptoms. However a mediating effect was found on child depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results showed that although the parents experienced reductions in emotional reactions and depressive symptoms when their child received therapy, this was only significantly related to the difference in outcome between TF-CBT and TAU on child depressive symptoms. Possible explanations for these results are discussed along with the implications for clinicians and suggestions for future research. Trial registration: Clinical Trials identifier: NCT00635752
Prevalence of furcation‐involved molars in a Swedish adult population. A radiographic epidemiological study

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of molars with furcation involvements grades II and III in adults participating in the Jönköping Oral Health Study 2003. The second aim was to study correlations between different variables and the presence of furcation involvement in these individuals. The present study was performed using bitewing and apical radiographs from 329 subjects. Furcations were considered healthy if the furcation was filled with bone up to the fornix. Two thousand fourteen molars fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of molars with furcation involvements was 8.3%. Univariate analysis showed that plaque, age, and presence of periodontal pockets were significantly correlated with furcation‐involved molar/s (P ˂ 0.0001). Gingivitis and education were also significantly correlated to the presence of furcation involvement (P ˂ 0.006) and (P ≤ 0.01), respectively. Gender had no association with presence of involvements. Multivariate analysis showed that age and presence of periodontal pockets were significantly correlated with furcation involvement (P ˂ 0.0001). Smoking was also found to be associated with furcation involvement (P ˂ 0.04). The tooth most frequently and least likely displaying furcation involvement was the maxillary first molar and the mandibular second molar, respectively. Periodontal pockets, age, and smoking were risk indicators for furcation involvement.