Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tradition and Critique

Anthony Giddens has recently located modernity's fault lines in the loss of the binding normative character of traditions. This loss is countered by attempts to reestablish or create “new” traditions. Such attempts do not represent a nostalgic bid for something irretrievably lost, but rather “an incipient move beyond a world dominated by internally referential systems. ” Giddens recommends “life-political issues” as the vehicles for “the return of the institutionally repressed” tradition. Tradition is not buried in the past but something latent in everyday life which may still be reactivated. Gidden's approach, however, is to use traditions as psychological props. He robs them of their moral force by reducing them to security blankets which “we moderns” have never quite managed to do without.
REVISITING THE AGENT OF SOCIAL CONTROL ROLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT

The agent of social control role and its responsibilities and goals provide an important function in social work practice. Workers in varied positions often combine this role with others that define the profession. Yet in the not too distant past, a debate arose as to whether this role, focusing on promoting and protecting the general welfare of society, could be congruent with also fostering the improved functioning and self‐determination of individual clients. Periodically, this topic emerges to challenge the appropriateness of these dual activities in satisfactorily and equitably serving both constituents. Within the field of substance abuse, court‐mandated referrals have established a need for practitioners to perform social control tasks to monitor and report clients' compliance with and progress in treatment. This has created a conflict for many who consider their practice to be client‐centered. This article will explore the dilemmas experienced in attempting to simultaneously carry out both roles and the guidance provided from the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics. In addition, proposed strategies to reduce the duality of difficulties will be summarized.
Randomized clinical trials in dentistry: Risks of bias, risks of random errors, reporting quality, and methodologic quality over the years 1955–2013

Objectives To examine the risks of bias, risks of random errors, reporting quality, and methodological quality of randomized clinical trials of oral health interventions and the development of these aspects over time. Methods We included 540 randomized clinical trials from 64 selected systematic reviews. We extracted, in duplicate, details from each of the selected randomized clinical trials with respect to publication and trial characteristics, reporting and methodologic characteristics, and Cochrane risk of bias domains. We analyzed data using logistic regression and Chi-square statistics. Results Sequence generation was assessed to be inadequate (at unclear or high risk of bias) in 68% (n = 367) of the trials, while allocation concealment was inadequate in the majority of trials (n = 464; 85.9%). Blinding of participants and blinding of the outcome assessment were judged to be inadequate in 28.5% (n = 154) and 40.5% (n = 219) of the trials, respectively. A sample size calculation before the initiation of the study was not performed/reported in 79.1% (n = 427) of the trials, while the sample size was assessed as adequate in only 17.6% (n = 95) of the trials. Two thirds of the trials were not described as double blinded (n = 358; 66.3%), while the method of blinding was appropriate in 53% (n = 286) of the trials. We identified a significant decrease over time (1955–2013) in the proportion of trials assessed as having inadequately addressed methodological quality items (P < 0.05) in 30 out of the 40 quality criteria, or as being inadequate (at high or unclear risk of bias) in five domains of the Cochrane risk of bias tool: sequence generation, allocation concealment, incomplete outcome data, other sources of bias, and overall risk of bias. Conclusions The risks of bias, risks of random errors, reporting quality, and methodological quality of randomized clinical trials of oral health interventions have improved over time; however, further efforts that contribute to the development of more stringent methodology and detailed reporting of trials are still needed.
HIV testing in developing countries: What is required?

HIV diagnostic and follow up testing are usually done in laboratory settings. However, in developing countries there is a need to decentralize testing as the majority of the population lives in rural settings. In developing countries stringent quality assurance (QA) practices, which include appropriate training, development of standard operating procedures, maintenance of operator proficiency, routine use of quality control (QC) specimens, standardized data management, equipment calibration and maintenance, and biohazard safety with proper disinfection/disposal procedures are not routinely followed to ensure reliability of results and a safe work environment. The introduction of point-of-care testing technologies involving the use of non-laboratorians in routine testing has further increased the complexity of QA. Therefore, a careful approach towards improvement of laboratories that encourages best practices, coupled with incentives, and review of government policies in point-of-care testing is needed to improve quality of testing as decentralization takes place. Development of a functional laboratory tiered network that facilitates communication, referral, training and problem solving could further enhance confidence in laboratory testing. There is also a need for special considerations in implementing a step-wise approach towards quality improvement, strengthening of the supply chain management, human capacity development, infrastructure upgrade, and strong public private partnerships to ensure long term sustainability of these efforts.
A Phase Ia Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of New Malaria Vaccine Candidates ChAd63 CS Administered Alone and with MVA CS

Background Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) malaria remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Development of an effective vaccine would be a key intervention to reduce the considerable social and economic impact of malaria. Methodology We conducted a Phase Ia, non-randomized, clinical trial in 24 healthy, malaria-naïve adults of the chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) replication-deficient viral vectored vaccines encoding the circumsporozoite protein (CS) of P. falciparum. Results ChAd63-MVA CS administered in a heterologous prime-boost regime was shown to be safe and immunogenic, inducing high-level T cell responses to CS. With a priming ChAd63 CS dose of 5×109 vp responses peaked at a mean of 1947 SFC/million PBMC (median 1524) measured by ELIspot 7 days after the MVA boost and showed a mixed CD4+/CD8+ phenotype. With a higher priming dose of ChAd63 CS dose 5×1010 vp T cell responses did not increase (mean 1659 SFC/million PBMC, median 1049). Serum IgG responses to CS were modest and peaked at day 14 post ChAd63 CS (median antibody concentration for all groups at day 14 of 1.3 µg/ml (range 0–11.9), but persisted throughout late follow-up (day 140 median antibody concentration groups 1B & 2B 0.9 µg/ml (range 0–4.7). Conclusions ChAd63-MVA is a safe and highly immunogenic delivery platform for the CS antigen in humans which warrants efficacy testing. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01450280
Regulation of Flagellar Assembly by Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ABSTRACT Chlamydomonas reinhardtii controls flagellar assembly such that flagella are of an equal and predetermined length. Previous studies demonstrated that lithium, an inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), induced flagellar elongation, suggesting that a lithium-sensitive signal transduction pathway regulated flagellar length (S. Nakamura, H. Takino, and M. K. Kojima, Cell Struct. Funct. 12:369-374, 1987). Here, we demonstrate that lithium treatment depletes the pool of flagellar proteins from the cell body and that the heterotrimeric kinesin Fla10p accumulates in flagella. We identify GSK3 in Chlamydomonas and demonstrate that its kinase activity is inhibited by lithium in vitro. The tyrosine-phosphorylated, active form of GSK3 was enriched in flagella and GSK3 associated with the axoneme in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The level of active GSK3 correlated with flagellar length; early during flagellar regeneration, active GSK3 increased over basal levels. This increase in active GSK3 was rapidly lost within 30 min of regeneration as the level of active GSK3 decreased relative to the predeflagellation level. Taken together, these results suggest a possible role for GSK3 in regulating the assembly and length of flagella.
Using a Weighted Semantic Network for Lexical Semantic Relatedness

The measurement of semantic relatedness between two words is an important metric for many natural language processing applications. In this paper, we present a novel approach for measuring semantic relatedness that is based on a weighted semantic network. This approach explores the use of a lexicon, semantic relation types as weights, and word definitions as a basis to calculate semantic relatedness. Our results show that our approach outperforms many lexicon-based methods to semantic relatedness, especially on the TOEFL synonym test, achieving an accuracy of 91.25%.
Salivary Thromboxane A2-Binding Proteins from Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease Inhibit Platelet-Mediated Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Formation and Arterial Thrombosis

Background The saliva of blood-feeding arthropods contains a notable diversity of molecules that target the hemostatic and immune systems of the host. Dipetalodipin and triplatin are triatomine salivary proteins that exhibit high affinity binding to prostanoids, such as TXA2, thus resulting in potent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation in vitro. It was recently demonstrated that platelet-derived TXA2 mediates the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a newly recognized link between inflammation and thrombosis that promote thrombus growth and stability. Methodology/Principal Findings This study evaluated the ability of dipetalodipin and triplatin to block NETs formation in vitro. We also investigated the in vivo antithrombotic activity of TXA2 binding proteins by employing two murine models of experimental thrombosis. Remarkably, we observed that both inhibitors abolished the platelet-mediated formation of NETs in vitro. Dipetalodipin and triplatin significantly increased carotid artery occlusion time in a FeCl3-induced injury model. Treatment with TXA2-binding proteins also protected mice from lethal pulmonary thromboembolism evoked by the intravenous injection of collagen and epinephrine. Effective antithrombotic doses of dipetalodipin and triplatin did not increase blood loss, which was estimated using the tail transection method. Conclusions/Significance Salivary TXA2-binding proteins, dipetalodipin and triplatin, are capable to prevent platelet-mediated NETs formation in vitro. This ability may contribute to the antithrombotic effects in vivo. Notably, both molecules inhibit arterial thrombosis without promoting excessive bleeding. Our results provide new insight into the antihemostatic effects of TXA2-binding proteins and may have important significance in elucidating the mechanisms of saliva to avoid host’s hemostatic responses and innate immune system.
Spatial and Temporal EEG-fMRI Changes During Preictal and Postictal Phases in a Patient With Posttraumatic Epilepsy

The combined use of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) in epilepsy allows the noninvasive hemodynamic characterization of epileptic discharge-related neuronal activations. The aim of this study was to investigate pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying epileptic activity by exploring the spatial and temporal distribution of fMRI signal modifications during seizure in a single patient with posttraumatic epilepsy. EEG and fMRI data were acquired during two scanning sessions: a spontaneous critical episode was observed during the first, and interictal events were recorded during the second. The EEG-fMRI data were analyzed using the general linear model (GLM). Blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) localization derived from the preictal and artifact-free postictal phase was concordant with the BOLD localization of the interictal epileptiform discharges identified in the second session, pointing to a left perilesional mesiofrontal area. Of note, BOLD signal modifications were already visible several seconds before seizure onset. In brief, BOLD activations from the preictal, postictal, and interictal epileptiform discharge analysis appear to be concordant with the clinically driven localization hypothesis, whereas a widespread network of activations is detected during the ictal phase in a partial seizure.
Time Lag Effects of Utterance to Communicative Actions on CG Character-Human Greeting Interaction

The timing involved in generating communicative actions and utterances in a face-to-face greeting interaction is analyzed by synthesis for application in CG character-human interaction support systems. First, an analysis by synthesis is performed by using an CG character system. This analysis confirms that the variation in the pause and the lag in the utterance to communicative actions produce different communicative effects, for example, a lag of about 0.3 s is desirable for a familiar greeting and a longer lag is appropriate for a polite greeting. These results demonstrate the effects of timing control on the utterances generated by electronic CG characters as well as physical robots, and the applicability of such interactions in advanced communications with robots and CG characters
Free Action and Free Will

(i) Two features of freedom. One old-fashioned way of classifying conceptions of free agency is to distinguish between 'liberty of indifference' and 'liberty of spontaneity'. This classification is unobjectionable as a way of bringing out importantly different emphases in different writers. It is seriously misleading, however, if it is meant to isolate competing conceptions of freedom. For what these two labels signify are interpretations of two different features of freedom that must be captured in any reasonable conception-namely, self-determination (or autonomy) and the availability of alternative possibilities. Any adequate notion of free agency must provide for possibility and autonomy in some sense, and, in my view, the traditional conceptions that are still taken seriously were meant to do so. 1 Even classical compatibilism made room, or tried to make room, for both. Its basic tenet, that freedom is dependence of action upon the will, provides a way of interpreting both features. Alternative possibilities are to be identified relatively and counterfactually, by what is possible relative to the subject's will. And the relevant dependency relation defines the relevant notion of self-determination; the self is the will. Hence self-determination is determination by the will.2
Core Power Management Issues in Asymmectric Multi / Many-Core Processors

Power managing is a major issue in designing the future asymmectric multi/many-core processors. The challenge is to provide a solution that has low power consumption, in addition to trade off a small decrease in performance and throughput. Our design includes asymmetric cores in consideration of different points in the view of power-performance efficiency during an application’s execution. In this situation, system software dynamically chooses the most appropriate core to satisfy specific performance and power requirements. In this paper, the authors consider power-aware core management issues based on efficient control of the core resources on asymmectric multi/many-core processors as a mechanism to reduce the huge latency and the power dissipation for powering the core up from powered down. Operation is based on distinct scenarios by tightly-coupled hardware and software-level methods. To verify this objective, we use Sniper simulator to estimate power-performance efficiency using a well-known benchmark. Keywords—Asymmectric Multi/Many-Core Processors; Hardware/Software-Level Power Control Schemes; Thread Management; Power-Performance Efficiency
Dobutamine: a hemodynamic evaluation in human septic shock

The hemodynamic effect of dobutamine infusion (DI) was studied in 19 patients with septic shock. DI resulted in hemodynamic improvement as indicated by a significant increase in cardiac index (+36%, p < 0.001), stroke index (+15%, p < 0.01), mean arterial pressure (+20%, p < 0.01), and a significant decrease in avDo2 (-27%, p < 0.01). This hemodynamic improvement occurred concomitantly with a fall in both right and left filling pressures. Mean systemic arterial resistance remained unchanged with a scatter of individual responses depending on other factors, such as infusion rate, initial vascular resistance, and underlying hemodynamic setting.In patients mechanically ventilated, venous admixture in the lung (Qs/Qt) during DI increased significantly (+30%, p < 0.001) and insignificantly reduced Pao2, but this adverse effect was not observed when PEEP was used in patients mechanically ventilated.It is concluded that dobutamine can be useful in management of septic shock, particularly when filling pressures are high because of fluid overload or cardiac failure.
Rosuvastatin Enhances Angiogenesis via eNOS-Dependent Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (circEPCs) of bone marrow (BM) origin contribute to postnatal neovascularization and represent a potential therapeutic target for ischemic disease. Statins are beneficial for ischemia disease and have been implicated to increase neovascularization via mechanisms independent of lipid lowering. However, the effect of Statins on EPC function is not completely understood. Here we sought to investigate the effects of Rosuvastatin (Ros) on EPC mobilization and EPC-mediated neovascularization during ischemic injury. In a mouse model of surgically-induced hindlimb ischemia (HLI), treatment of mice with low dose (0.1 mg/kg) but not high dose (5 mg/kg) significantly increased capillary density and accelerated blood flow recovery, as compared to saline-treated group. When HLI was induced in mice that had received Tie2/LacZ BM transplantation, Ros treatment led a significantly larger amount of endothelial cells (ECs) of BM origin incorporated at ischemic sites than saline. After treatment of mice with a single low dose of Ros, circEPCs significantly increased from 2 h, peaked at 4 h, declined until 8 h. In a growth-factor reduced Matrigel plug-in assay, Ros treatment for 5 d induced endothelial lineage differentiation in vivo. Interestingly, the enhanced circEPCs and post-HLI neovascularization stimulated by Ros were blunted in mice deficient in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Ros increased p-Akt/p-eNOS levels in EPCs in vitro, indicating these effects of Ros are dependent on eNOS activity. We conclude that Ros increases circEPCs and promotes their de novo differentiation through eNOS pathway.
The Wnt Receptor, Lrp5, Is Expressed by Mouse Mammary Stem Cells and Is Required to Maintain the Basal Lineage

Background Ectopic Wnt signaling induces increased stem/progenitor cell activity in the mouse mammary gland, followed by tumor development. The Wnt signaling receptors, Lrp5/6, are uniquely required for canonical Wnt activity. Previous data has shown that the absence of Lrp5 confers resistance to Wnt1-induced tumor development. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we show that all basal mammary cells express Lrp5, and co-express Lrp6 in a similar fashion. Though Wnt dependent transcription of key target genes is relatively unchanged in mammary epithelial cell cultures, the absence of Lrp5 specifically depletes adult regenerative stem cell activity (to less than 1%). Stem cell activity can be enriched by >200 fold (over 80% of activity), based on high Lrp5 expression alone. Though Lrp5 null glands have apparent normal function, the basal lineage is relatively reduced (from 42% basal/total epithelial cells to 22%) and Lrp5−/− mammary epithelial cells show enhanced expression of senescence-associated markers in vitro, as measured by expression of p16Ink4a and TA-p63. Conclusions/Significance This is the first single biomarker that has been demonstrated to be functionally involved in stem cell maintenance. Together, these results demonstrate that Wnt signaling through Lrp5 is an important component of normal mammary stem cell function.
Collaborative Assistance in a Highly Prescribed School Reform Model: The Case of Success for All

This article focuses on how the Success for All Foundation (SFAF)—the nonprofit intermediary organization that promotes Success for All—works with educators in schools to increase capacity for learning and instruction. Success for All is a comprehensive school reform model that primarily centers on early literacy intervention. Building on research on intermediary organizations and situated learning, we examine how SFAF structures professional development and the types of relationships the organization cultivates with practitioners. At a glance, although much of the theory, strategy, and tools driving the SFAF's approach to school reform seem technically oriented and highly prescribed, our investigation indicates that the deeper process of creating knowledge for school improvement is a collaborative, situated endeavor. Moreover, the study reveals that the process of learning and professional development within the program is a result of the ongoing, dynamic interplay among the SFAF, local conditions, and the broader policy context. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
MAKING HEALTH MANAGEMENT MORE CONCISE AND EFFICIENT : AIRCRAFT CONDITION MONITORING BASED ON COMPRESSED SENSING

With the development of aircraft, the amount of monitoring data becomes larger and larger, and the transmission channel bandwidth limitation and the onboard computational capability limitation become challenges for aircraft condition monitoring system. In this study, from the view point of aircraft condition monitoring, a remote fault diagnosis scheme based on compressed sensing is proposed, the monitoring data are compressed on-board after acquisition, and the compressed data can be either used for on-board diagnosis directly, or transmitted to the ground for data reconstruction, and later used for enhanced diagnosis or preventive maintenance. From the view point of compressed sensing, a bi-step compression method is presented, considering the requirements and characteristics of aircraft condition monitoring. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with a hydraulic plunger pump, and the results indicate that the monitoring data is well recovered from the compressed data, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis is satisfactory.
Basal levels of AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit phosphorylation at threonine 840 and serine 845 in hippocampal neurons

Dephosphorylation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 subunits at two sites, serine 845 (S845) and threonine 840 (T840), is thought to be involved in NMDA receptor-dependent forms of long-term depression (LTD). Importantly, the notion that dephosphorylation of these sites contributes to LTD assumes that a significant fraction of GluA1 subunits are basally phosphorylated at these sites. To examine this question, we used immunoprecipitation/depletion assays to estimate the proportion of GluA1 subunits basally phosphorylated at S845 and T840. Although dephosphorylation of S845 is thought to have a key role in LTD, our results indicate that few GluA1 subunits in hippocampal neurons are phosphorylated at this site. In contrast, ∼50% of GluA1 subunits are basally phosphorylated at T840, suggesting that dephosphorylation of this site can contribute to the down-regulation of AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in LTD.