Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm 2 : Image-Based Face Search Engine

Classically, face recognition depends on computing the similarity (or distance) between a pair of face images and/or their respective representations, where each subject is represented by one image. Template-based face recognition was introduced by the release of IARPA’s Janus Benchmark-A (IJB-A) dataset, in which each enrolled subject is represented by a group of one or more images, called a template. The group of images comprising a template might have been acquired using different head poses, illuminations, ages and facial expressions. Template images could come from still images or video frames. Therefore, measuring the similarity between templates representing two subjects significantly increases the number of pairwise image comparisons (i.e., O(NM), where N and M are the number of image templates being compared). As the number of enrolled subjects, K, increases, both computational and space requirements become computationally prohibitive. To address this challenge, we present a novel approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) searchbased solution. Given a query template, ANN methods are used to find similar face images. Retrieved images are used to construct a template pool that is used to find the correct identity of the query subject. The proposed approach largely reduces the number of imposter template-pair comparisons. Experimental results on the IJB-A dataset show that the proposed approach achieves significant speed-up and storage savings, without sacrificing accuracy.
Production and Profits

T HE influence of production on profits has always been obvious and methods of reducing costs by increasing production have received very general attention since Mr. F. W. Taylor's careful analysis of the factor of overhead expense; but the influence of profits on production, though always a very real factor in industrial engineering, becomes obvious only under special conditions. In England during the war, in those cases where the earnings of the wage worker were increased to a point sufficient to fulfill all his ordinary desires, the final disposition of the profits arising in connection with his efforts became a very real force in spurring him on or holding him back. In spite of possibilities of increasing his own earnings, a normal human being will find his efforts lessened by the knowledge that he is also increasing an already liberal return to some absent stockholder; or will be moved to demand a larger share for himself and to stop work in support of that demand, and even to relax his efforts after the demand has been granted. On the other hand, there are millions of instances the world over of almost superhuman energy given forth week in and week out for four long years where the sole advantage beyond the pay envelope accrued. to the worker's country and its allies. American business men have taught their fellows that each business venture is an undertaking for profits and that they cannot be surprised if the profits of a business and the people to whom they go are subjects of real interest to every employee. Wherever, to the minds of employees, the distribution of profits has the flavor of justice, of a reasonable connection of ause and effect, of reward and dessert, the great majority of them feel a mild sense of satisfaction. None but that almost negligible percentage of true radicals, which is always with us, begrudges the reward of an Edison, a Vail or a Henry Ford, nor the reasonable reward of those who have risked their money in useful ventures. However, unr st begins and restless propositions arise where increased profits are known to be going to those who are inactive and w ose public service is invisible. Today, when production to support life is as seriously needed by the world s was production to destroy life during the war, this influence of the distribution of profits upon the primary agent of production is a challenge to all men interested in the profession of management. When we have to face any of the mechanical problems which the industrial process presents to us by the hundred thousand, we know that a careful analysis of causes and effects of the elemental forces and their interrelations is essential and we waste no time in cursing the crotchet of the machine or the crankiness of the material, but set to work finding the sources of trouble. Not so many managers have yet learned the value of maintaining the same clear-sighted, common-sense attitude when the problem lies within the field of labor. Yet it is obvious that the forces at work, brewing and stewing among a thousand employees, are as vital or as fatal as those in any electric furnace. I know many
Multiclass SVM-Based Isolated-Digit Recognition using a HMM-Guided Segmentation

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is essentially a problem of pattern classification, however, the time dimension of the speech signal has prevented to pose ASR as a simple static classification problem. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers could provide an appropriate solution, since they are very well adapted to high-dimensional classification problems. Nevertheless, the use of SVMs for ASR is by no means straightforward, because SVM classifiers are well developed for binary problems but not so for the multiclass case. In this paper we compare two approaches to implement the multiclass SVM from binary SVMs (1-vs-all and 1-vs-1) for a specific ASR task. We show that the 1-vs-all multiclass SVM clearly outperforms the conventional HMM-based ASR system (the largest improvement, 18.23 %, is achieved for speech corrupted with white noise).
Hidden Profiles: A Brief History

In 1985, we challenged the idea that group decisions are more informed than individual decisions (Stasser & Titus, 1985). This idea had, and still has, intuitive appeal. After all, group discussion allows members to pool their disparate knowledge about decision alternatives. Thus, Jack and Jill considering which route to take up the hill can combine their knowledge of the obstacles and dangers of the various routes. Assuming that each knows some things that the other does not, their collective decision should be more informed than a decision make by either alone. Of course, this advantage to collective choice presupposes that Jill and Jack actually exchange their unique knowledge and that Jack listens to Jill and Jill listens to Jack. But why should they not listen to each other if they both want to get up the hill as safely? Seems reasonable, but our findings suggest that Jack and Jill would choose the route that was favored by their common knowledge—that is, the information they both knew before discussing the issue. Moreover, this common knowledge solution would likely persist even when their combined or collective knowledge clearly favored another route. Because Stasser and Titus (1985) falls in the category of an “overlooked gem,” we do not assume here that the findings are widely known. The study has attracted the attention of some, primarily those interested in team performance and group process, but probably is not common knowledge among the readership of Psychological Inquiry. Thus, we describe the study and results in sufficient detail to set the stage for other points that this article addresses. Those other points address two questions. First, how did we have the insight or, perhaps more aptly, the luck to explore the impact of common and unique knowledge on group decisions? A related question that we have often pondered in retrospect is “Why didn’t someone else do it before we did? ” Unfortunately, we cannot answer this related question, but hindsight suggests that it was a study waiting to be done. The second question that we address is, “What other empirical and theoretical work has been spawned or inspired by this study? ” Unfortunately, our answer to the second question must be brief and selective, omitting too much notable and sophisticated work by others. Hopefully, our answer, like a good book review, albeit not telling the whole story, will entice the reader to read more. For those wanting to read more, we suggest two recent chapters: Stasser (1999) and Stasser and Birchmeier (2003).
Politics in command: Development studies and the rediscovery of social science

From the early 1980s, a good 15 years before New Political Economy first saw the light of day, the obituaries for development studies were already being written. Although some celebrated its demise and others mourned its passing, it is the central thrust of this article that announcements of its death have been premature. Moreover, if development studies are dead, then so too is social science. I shall argue from the premise that the most influential and perceptive social scientists, from Adam Smith onwards, have always sought to explore, explain and, sometimes, seek directly to promote the processes by which human welfare has been, and can be, progressively enhanced. Crucially, they have not sought to do so in terms of a single disciplinary framework, but through analysing the complex relations between social, political and economic institutions, within and between societies. As the distinguished American anthropologist, Marvin Harris, observed many years ago: ‘My excuse for venturing across disciplines, continents, and centuries is that the world extends across disciplines. Nothing in nature is quite so separate as two mounds of expertise. ’ Just so: the same is true for ‘development’ – its analysis and promotion extends across disciplines. At the core of these concerns has, naturally, been how ‘the wealth of nations’, understood essentially as economic growth and development, is best achieved. Accordingly, the economy – that is, the character, organisation and control of the system of material production and distribution – has normally been the central focus. Yet many of those working in mainstream economics itself, or in the sometimes narrowly conceived economics of development, drifted into their own and somewhat detached domains, evacuated from interdisciplinary and institutional contexts. To the extent that they did, they lost contact with these essentially society-wide interactions and relations, internal and external, that we now know to have been historically crucial in either promoting or restraining New Political Economy, Vol. 10, No. 4, December 2005
Flint_Chapter 10.indd

tions and interactions, genetic mapping by linkage and association, then genome sequences, catalogues of every gene, every genetic variant, genomic technology that consumes a budget large enough to run a small country, the weight of 21st-century molecular genetics is enough to win an argument that genes produce behavior. But of course they don’t. Genes, in fact, merely serve as a library that each cell draws upon when it needs to make proteins. Behavior comes out of the ensemble of cellular activities, and the cells that usually matter most are those in the nervous system. Genetic variations that affect behavior often do so by modifying the activity of neurons, and such modifi cations result from altering the timing, placement, amount, or effectiveness of a gene’s product. The relevant neurons, in turn, take part in the brain’s complex circuitry. So we need to look at circuits to understand how behavior is produced out of genetic variation.
On the various and changing meanings of organizational membership: A field study of organizational identification

The primary aim of this study was to analyze and interpret some aspects of the process of organizational identification in a corporate field setting. Specifically, the study focused on how an individual's identification (or identifying) with an employing organization influences on‐the‐job decision making. Past research efforts have been limited by their treatment of organizational identification as a product or state, rather than as a process. The wider perspective on identification is well represented by Herbert A. Simon and Kenneth Burke, whose writings were integrated to provide a theoretical framework for this study. While this study neither examined the phenomenon of identification over time nor placed it in a clearly‐defined causal chain, it explicitly recognized identification as a continuing development involving many changes. The study employed two methodologies for the examination of identification in a corporate field setting: moderately‐scheduled interviews that produced largely qualitative da.
Simulating the use of macro-actions through action reordering

The use of macro-actions in planning introduces a trade-off. Macro-actions can offer search guidance by suggesting sequences of actions; but can potentially make search more expensive by increasing the branching factor. In this paper we present a technique for simulating the use of macro actions by altering the order in which actions are considered for application during enforced hill-climbing search. Actions are ordered based on the number of times they have occurred, in past solution plans, following the last action added to the plan. We demonstrate that the action-reordering technique used can offer improved search performance without the negative performance impacts often observed when using macro-actions.
A CMOS MEMS Humidity Sensor Enhanced by a Capacitive Coupling Structure

A capacitive coupling structure is developed to improve the performances of a capacitive complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) humidity sensor. The humidity sensor was fabricated by a post-CMOS process. Silver nanowires were dispersed onto the top of a conventional interdigitated capacitive structure to form a coupling electrode. Unlike a conventional structure, a thinner sensitive layer was employed to increase the coupling capacitance which dominated the sensitive capacitance of the humidity sensor. Not only static properties but also dynamic properties were found to be better with the aid of coupling capacitance. At 25 °C, the sensitive capacitance was 11.3 pF, the sensitivity of the sensor was measured to be 32.8 fF/%RH and the hysteresis was measured to be 1.0 %RH. Both a low temperature coefficient and a fast response (10 s)/recovery time (17 s) were obtained.
Prevention of glycogen supercompensation prolongs the increase in muscle GLUT4 after exercise.

Exercise induces an increase in GLUT4 in skeletal muscle with a proportional increase in glucose transport capacity. This adaptation results in enhanced glycogen accumulation, i.e., "supercompensation," in response to carbohydrate feeding after glycogen-depleting exercise. The increase in GLUT4 reverses within 40 h after exercise in carbohydrate-fed rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prevention of skeletal muscle glycogen supercompensation after exercise results in maintenance of the increases in GLUT4 and the capacity for glycogen supercompensation. Rats were exercised by means of three daily bouts of swimming. GLUT4 mRNA was increased approximately 3-fold and GLUT4 protein was increased approximately 2-fold 18 h in epitrochlearis muscle after exercise. These increases in GLUT4 mRNA and protein reversed completely within 42 h after exercise in rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet. In contrast, the increases in GLUT4 protein, insulin-stimulated glucose transport, and increased capacity for glycogen supercompensation persisted unchanged for 66 h in rats fed a carbohydrate-free diet that prevented glycogen supercompensation after exercise. GLUT4 mRNA was still elevated at 42 h but had returned to baseline by 66 h after exercise in rats fed the carbohydrate-free diet. Glycogen-depleted rats fed carbohydrate 66 h after exercise underwent muscle glycogen supercompensation with concomitant reversal of the increase in GLUT4. These findings provide evidence that prevention of glycogen supercompensation after exercise results in persistence of exercise-induced increases in GLUT4 protein and enhanced capacity for glycogen supercompensation.
NKU at TREC 2016: Clinical Decision Support Track

This paper describes the participation of the NKU team at TREC2016 Clinical Decision Support track (CDS2016). The core problem is to find the most relevant literatures from the massive biomedical literatures according to the patient's condition and the needs of doctors. Unlike previous years’ games, CDS2016 adds the note type querys[1], which are the original records from real clinical environment, apart from the summary and description topics. Our work involves three aspects: the expansion of the query, medical literature preprocessing and weight model selection. We use Terrier as the search engine to test the query expansion methods such as pseudo relevance feedback(PRF), MeSH synonym expansion, query type vocabulary expansion, and weighting models such as TF_IDF, BB2, In_expB2 and In_expC2. In the experiment, we build the model based on the CDS2015 data set and do performance evaluation. For both summary and description, we get NDCG values over 0.3.
Force‐Frequency Characteristics of the Left Ventricle in the Conscious Dog

The early and late alterations in left ventricular function which follow a change in contraction frequency were assessed in 10 conscious dogs. Chronically implanted pulse-transit ultrasonic dimension transducers were wed to measure the dynamic geometry of the left ventricle and a high-fidelity micromanometer was employed to measmre left ventricular pressure. The heart was paced from the atrium and, after every 20th regular beat, an extrasystole and a postextrasystole were introduced into the basic pacing rhythm. The ratio of the maximum derivative of left ventricular pressure (Pmax) of the postextrasystolic beat to the Pmax of the control beat was used as a measure of the degree of postextrasystolic potentiation of ventricular function. This postextrasystolic ratio was found to be significantly influenced by the interval preceding the postextrasystolic beat; as this interval was increased, the end-diastolic volume and the Pmax of the postextrasystole also increased. When the end-diastolic geometry of the control and postextrasystolic beats were made identical, the postextrasystolic ratio reflected postextrasystolic potentiation of the inotropic state. The degree of postextrasystolic inotropic potentiation was found to be a direct linear function of the change in contraction frequency induced by the extrasystole (r 2= 0.97). Thus, end-diastolic geometry and the magnitude of the frequency perturbation must be carefully controlled when postextrasystolic potentiation is used to evaluate left ventricular function. In contrast to postextrasystolic potentiation, steady state changes in contraction frequency did not significantly alter Pmax (P > 0.20). However, significant decreases in end-diastolic volume were observed with increasing steady state heart rates (P < 0.0S). This decrease in end-diastolic volume may be partially responsible for the lack of potentiation of steady state Pmax after a sustained increase in contraction frequency.
On the Notion of Culture in L2 Lectures

This article reports on one aspect of the findings of a 3-year ethnographic study into academic lectures conducted at a university in Hong Kong, where native speakers of English lecture to ethnic Chinese ESL students. Based on ethnographic data, the article develops a framework for the analysis of L2 lectures. The framework has four dimensions: ethnic culture, local culture, academic culture, and disciplinary culture. Each of the dimensions is illustrated by means of data from the ethnographic research. The article suggests that application of the model, because of its potential for developing cultural synergy, is likely to be of interest for those involved in the lecture preparation of lecturers and students in an L2, both in Hong Kong and elsewhere.
k-clique Communities in the Internet AS-level Topology Graph

A significant challenge for researchers analysing the Internet AS-level topology graph is how to interpret the global organization of the graph as the coexistence of its structural blocks (communities) associated with more highly interconnected parts. While a huge number of papers have already been published on the issue of community detection, very little attention has so far been devoted to the discovery and interpretation of Internet communities at the various levels of abstractions (e.g. Autonomous System level, Point of Presence level). We believe that by discovering and interpreting a priori these unknown building blocks (i.e. communities), this will then pave the way for new types of analysis which are crucial in understanding of the structural and functional properties of the Internet at least at the AS level of abstraction. We thus propose a novel type of analysis of the Internet AS-level topology graph by exploiting the k-clique community definition. First, we show that detected communities can be described by a tree representation. Then we show the presence of two classes of k-clique communities: those that are strictly affected by the nesting process which is embedded in the k-clique community definition, and, on the other hand, those that appear as branches in the tree. We conclude our analysis by highlighting the properties that characterize k-clique communities with different k values by exploiting both geographical data and information related to Internet exchange Points (IXPs).
New technology, new pedagogy? Employing video podcasts in learning and teaching about exotic ecosystems

This paper examines the experiences of undergraduate university students in response to the employment of video podcasts to support learning and teaching about exotic ecosystems. Six, 15–20‐minute podcasts were made accessible to students through a virtual learning environment, either online or to download to mobile technology. The students were free to watch the podcasts whenever and wherever they chose to. The perceived and actual effectiveness of the technology was assessed by written questionnaire, focus groups and summative assessment results. Students agreed that the podcasts were effective in supporting learning and teaching on the course, largely by offering a flexible and visual learning experience. The podcasts were also perceived as a useful resource for revision and assessment, providing visual images that stimulated factual recall and highlighted knowledge gaps. There were no significant differences, however, in examination essay grades comparing cohorts prior to and post adoption of podcasts. The key to improving the student learning experience appears to lie not in adopting new pedagogy, but in reflexively developing the existing pedagogic strategies employed by both teachers and learners. Of primary importance is uniting the individual learning experience of podcasts with group exploration and critical discussion in a collaborative learning framework.