Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die Differenzierung der Selbstaufmerksamkeit im Jugendalter

Die dimensionale Struktur der Selbstaufmerksamkeit Jugendlicher und deren Zusammenhang zum Selbstwertgefuehl werden untersucht. Hierzu wurde eine Stichprobe von 480 Jugendlichen im Alter zwischen zwoelf und 16 Jahren anhand der deutschen Version der "Self-Consciousness Scale" von Fenigstein und Koautoren untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten entsprechend bisherigen Befunden bei studentischen Stichproben auch bei Jugendlichen eine bidimensionale Struktur der Selbstaufmerksamkeit. Die beiden Dimensionen weisen allerdings eine andere inhaltliche Akzentuierung auf: Es liess sich eine kognitiv-reflexive Selbstaufmerksamkeit von einer Aufmerksamkeitszentrierung auf die aeussere Erscheinung abgrenzen. Bei beiden Merkmalen wiesen Maedchen ueber die untersuchte Altersspanne eine hoehere Auspraegung auf als Jungen. Altersbezogene Veraenderungen liessen sich lediglich fuer die auf die aeussere Erscheinung bezogene, nicht aber fuer die kognitiv-reflexive Selbstaufmerksamkeit feststellen. Weiterhin zeigten sich nur schwache Zusammenhaenge zwischen der Selbstaufmerksamkeit und dem Selbstwertgefuehl der Jugendlichen. Letzterer Befund, der gegen die Annahmen der Theorie der Selbstaufmerksamkeit spricht, laesst vermuten, dass bei Jugendlichen die Selbstaufmerksamkeit als notwendiger Bestandteil ihrer Identitaetsentwicklung angesehen werden kann.
Changing the Rules: A Board Game Lets Homeless Women Tell Their Stories

ABSTRACT This article describes a project carried out at Auberge Madeleine, a shelter for homeless women in Montreal, Canada, the objective of which was to better understand the strategies used by homeless women to deal with the difficulties they encounter in their day-to-day lives. Working in partnership with shelter workers, the authors sought to amplify the voices of a population whose strength and life skills are often devalued. To create a setting that would support the women's narratives, the workers created an original board game that would give participants new ways to think and talk about themselves. This article examines how this game, in addition to serving as an interesting data collection instrument, also turned out to be a promising intervention tool with excellent potential for practioners interested in group work with marginalized populations.
NEURAL NETWORK MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL APPLIED TO A FED-BATCH SUGAR CRYSTALLIZATION

This paper is focused on a comprehensive study of neural network (NN) model based predictive control (MPC), as an operation strategy for a fed-batch sugar crystallizer. The process is divided into four subsequent control loops and for each of them an individual NN-based MPC is designed. The operation is tested for a number of scenarios and is compared with alternative (linear and batch nonlinear MPC) control solutions. The results demonstrate that the NN-MPC is a promising alternative of the traditionally applied linear controllers when the process is strongly nonlinear and input-output data is the only process information available.
L'individualisation des fonctions exécutives : historique et repères

On retrace l’evolution des idees et les travaux realises sur les fonctions du lobe frontal par les neuropsychologues au cours de la premiere moitie du XX e siecle. La contribution des approches cliniques et psychometriques chez l’homme et des approches plus experimentales chez l’animal sont evoquees. On souligne dans le meme temps l’absence de cadre theorique integrateur qui caracterise les travaux de la premiere moitie du XX e siecle et l’apport, a ce propos, des propositions theoriques avancees par Luria. On signale, enfin, l’apparition des approches issues de la psychologie cognitive tout en soulignant qu’il faudra attendre les contributions de Shallice et de Damasio avant de voir emerger des propositions theoriques suffisamment integrees.
High response rate and manageable toxicity with an intensive, short‐term chemotherapy programme for Burkitt's lymphoma in adults

A very short, intensive paediatric chemotherapy programme was tested in a consecutive monoinstitutional group of 22 adult Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) patients. After a 5‐week induction phase of weekly infusions consisting of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, high‐dose (HD) methotrexate (MTX) plus leukovorin rescue, and intrathecal MTX or cytarabine (ARA‐C), a consolidation phase including HD ARA‐C plus cisplatin was given. Responding patients achieving less than complete response (CR) after completion of the initial induction phase, were promptly shifted to a high‐dose, stem cell supported sequential chemotherapy schema (R‐HDS). Patient characteristics: median age, 35·5 (range 18–76) years; Ann Arbor stage I–II/III–IV, 11/11; bulky disease, 15 patients; LDH ≥ 460 U/l, 11 patients. The median duration of the chemotherapy programme was 62 d (range, 43–94 d). Seventeen patients achieved a CR (77%), one patient died of progressive disease and four partial responders following induction were converted to CR following R‐HDS. Of 17 patients in CR, one died of infectious toxicity while in CR, and one relapsed at 30 months and died of progressive disease. After a median follow‐up of 28·7 months (range, 6–158 months), 16 patients (73%) were in continued CR. Overall survival and progression‐free survival were 77% [95% confidence interval (CI), 52–99%] and 68% (95% CI, 43–99%) respectively. Confirmation of these excellent efficacy and feasibility results by larger, multicentre and prospective studies is warranted.
Laboratory Apprenticeship through a Student Research Project.

There has been a long tradition of laboratory activities associated with science instruction. Despite constructivists' claims advocating open-ended inquiry and mentoring, little is known about what students are thinking when engaged in laboratory activities. Laboratory learning as a process of cognitive apprenticeship has been proposed as a metaphor to guide teacher practice and student learning. The viability of cognitive apprenticeship for learning science in school is discussed in relation to findings from an investigation of a research project involving high school students working in a university chemical engineering laboratory under the mentorship of a university-based scientist. Data from a variety of techniques were analyzed in an interpretive style. We found that the students were empowered to seek empirically viable knowledge claims as they became independent researchers. However, we argue that caution needs to be exercised before advocating open-ended inquiry as a general model for laboratory learning without additional studies in different contexts.
Markov Models for Directional Field and Singularity Extraction in Fingerprint Images

A Bayesian formulation is proposed for reliable and robust extraction of the directional field in fingerprint images using a class of spatially smooth priors. The spatial smoothness allows for robust directional field estimation in the presence of moderate noise levels. Parametric template models are suggested as candidate singularity models for singularity detection. The parametric models enable joint extraction of the directional field and the singularities in fingerprint impressions by dynamic updating of feature information. This allows for the detection of singularities that may have previously been missed, as well as better aligning the directional field around detected singularities. A criteria is presented for selecting an optimal block size to reduce the number of spurious singularity detections. The best rates of spurious detection and missed singularities given by the algorithm are 4.9% and 7.1%, respectively, based on the NIST 4 database.
Gingival crevicular fluid leptin levels in periodontitis patients with long-term and heavy smoking.

BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) leptin levels and the influence of long-term and heavy smoking on GCF leptin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS In this study, 143 individuals were divided into three groups: non-smokers (NS), smokers (S), and control (C). Three subgroups of NS and S were grouped as follows: a) probing depth (PD) <or=3 mm; b) PD = 4 to 5 mm; and c) PD >5 mm. For each patient, PD, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding time index (GBTI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) values were recorded. The GCF leptin levels obtained from sampling sites were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS The GCF leptin levels were found significantly lower in the a and b subgroups in the S group than those in the NS group (P <0.05). The inflammatory markers GI and GBTI showed significant correlations with leptin in NS (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher leptin GCF levels in healthy sites in periodontitis patients may play a protective role in periodontal disease. Further studies are needed to determine the cellular origin of the leptin in the gingiva and the effect of plasma leptin levels on GCF leptin concentrations.
Hiring Criminology and Criminal Justice Academics: The Perceived Importance of Job Candidates’ Attributes

Scant research is currently available on the characteristics that criminology and criminal justice (CCJ) departments believe are important for academic job applicants. The current study uses a nationally representative sample of faculty members to assess the perceived importance of a wide array of applicants’ attributes, to explore the extent of agreement about valued attributes among current criminal justice and criminology faculty members, and to analyze correlates of these ratings. We find that many characteristics are considered at least moderately important. At the extremes, involvement in research, publishing, and teaching stand out as particularly important, and demographic characteristics are relatively unimportant. We also find considerable consensus among faculty regarding the value of various candidate attributes. We discuss our implications in terms of what they reveal about preparing for the job market and about the discipline of criminal justice more broadly.
Identification and discussion of open issues in perceptual video coding based on image analysis and completion

Perceptual video coding (VC) based on image analysis and completion (IAC) has enjoyed increasing awareness during the past few years. Many related approaches have been proposed that follow diverging strategies: from full compatibility to hybrid block transform coding to alternative codec design. Hence, in this paper, the most significant issues in IAC coding will be identified and their relevance for the IAC VC design highlighted. It will be analyzed where the most promising pathways lie and justified why others may be limited in their potentialities. Discussions will be substantiated using new methods developed by the authors for block-based and region-based IAC coding additionally to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Us and them: Mood effects on intergroup discrimination.

What is the role of mood in intergroup discrimination ? In three experiments, people in happy, sad, or neutral moods made reward allocation decisions and formed impressions about in-group and outgroup members. When the personal relevance of the group was low, positive mood resulted in faster, more heuristic processing and greater intergroup discrimination. In contrast, when group relevance was high, it was negative mood that enhanced intergroup discrimination following slower, motivated processing, as predicted by the recent Affect Infusion Model (J. P. Forgas, 1995a). Reaction time data and mediational analyses confirmed these processing differences. Results are interpreted as evidence for mood-induced selectivity in the way people process information about groups. The implications of the findings for real-life intergroup behavior and for contemporary affect-cognition theories are considered.
Parasocial Interaction: A Review of the Literature and a Model for Future Research

This paper considers the phenomenon of parasocial interaction (PSI) used by media researchers to describe the relationship between media users and media figures (from celebrities to fictional characters). Although the concept has been used consistently across the past two decades in media research, it is argued here that it has not been sufficiently developed at a theoretical level to be taken up by psychologists. A number of key issues have not been addressed: firstly, how PSI might, as its originators put it, be "integrated into the matrix of usual social activity" (Horton & Wohl, 1956); secondly, how PSI might vary according to different types of media figure; and thirdly, what processes over time and media use bind user and figure into a "parasocial relationship. " In this paper the existing literature on PSI is extensively reviewed, and an original model of PSI is developed for use in future social psychological research, which places PSI within the realm of ordinary social interaction and suggests ways in which different media use and different types of media figure interact to produce different styles of relationship. Finally, some applications of more detailed research into PSI are suggested.
Logical Reasoning in Science and Technology:

This article describes a new science textbook, Logical jgeasoning in Science & Technology, LoRST , which teaches traditional scientific facts, principles, and processes embedded in a social and technological context meaningful to an adolescent. Critical-thinking and decision-making skills are developed explicitly in the textbook. Students are guided to construct their own knowledge as they learn scientific facts and principles from physics, chemistry, and biology, in a way that connects those facts and principles with the students’ everyday world. The interdisciplinary nature of LoRST corresponds to the approach to grade 10 science found in many Canadian provinces and in NSTA’s &dquo;Scope, Sequence, and Coordination. &dquo;(2) The textbook is appropriate for 15 to 17 year olds of average academic ability.
Parsing religiosity, guilt and materialism on consumer ethics

Purpose – This study examines the differential influence of religiosity, materialism and guilt on consumer ethical judgment. It further investigates how the influence may differ across two religiosity dimensions (intrinsic and extrinsic) and two types of unethical behaviour (active and passive). Design/methodology/approach – A quasi-experimental approach assigned Pakistani university students randomly to two groups. One group (n=144) answered a survey regarding an active unethical behaviour (changing price tag), while the other (n=123) answered a similar survey but regarding a passive unethical behaviour (given and pocketing surplus change). This paper used projective technique to help reduce respondents' sensitiveness to the two scenarios. The data was methodologically analysed and fitted using structural equation modelling. Findings – Religiosity does not influence ethical judgment directly, but is mediated by guilt. As expected, materialism negatively determines ethical judgment, and the influence is s.
Quercetin suppresses DNA double-strand break repair and enhances the radiosensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells via p53-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway

Quercetin is proven to have anticancer effects for many cancers. However, the role of tumor suppressor p53 on quercetin’s radiosensitization and regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in this process remains obscure. Here, quercetin exposure resulted in ER stress, prolonged DNA repair, and the expression of p53 protein; phosphorylation on serine 15 and 20 increased in combination with X-irradiation. Quercetin pretreatment could potentiate radiation-induced cell death. The combination of irradiation and quercetin treatment aggravated DNA damages and caused typical apoptotic cell death; as well the expression of Bax and p21 elevated and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. Knocking down of p53 could reverse all the above effects under quercetin in combination with radiation. In addition, quercetin-induced radiosensitization was through stimulation of ATM phosphorylation. In human ovarian cancer xenograft model, combined treatment of quercetin and radiation significantly restrained the growth of tumors, accompanied with the activation of p53, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, and γ-H2AX. Overall, these results indicated that quercetin acted as a promising radiosensitizer through p53-dependent ER stress signals.
The Chagas Vector, Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera:Reduviidae), is Panmictic within and Among Adjacent Villages in Guatemala

Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi, the hemoflagellate parasite and cause of Chagas disease in Latin America, is carried by Triatomine vectors, principally Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus in Central America. To assist control efforts and to understand the epidemiology of the disease in Guatemala, the population genetics of T. dimidiata was analyzed among three houses within a village and two adjacent villages in Guatemala. Eleven Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) primers were screened and three used to amplify bands, 29 of which were scored, from T. dimidiata DNA of ≈50 bugs per house from three houses within a village and from 66 and 33 bugs, respectively, from adjacent villages. Results show very small genetic distances among the three T. dimidiata subpopulations from the houses (D = 0.013–0.022) and the two villages (D = 0.0199). The amount of differentiation among houses (fixation index, FST) was also very small, FST = 0.025 among the houses and the two villages FST = 0.019. These fixation indices give an average number of mating migrants per generation (Nm) of 9.7 (among houses) and 12 (among villages). Average heterozygosity (H) appears to be high, ranging from H = 0.299–0.325 among the houses and H = 0.273 among the villages. The low genetic distance and fixation indices, and high heterozygosity suggest that the subpopulations in the houses and in the adjacent villages are not reproductively isolated but are in fact, one large panmictic population. Therefore the geographic coverage necessary for effective control must include, at least, the area encompassing adjacent villages.
Using parliamentary Brazilian open data to improve transparency and public participation in Brazil

Government concerns about transparency date from 1957, but current technological advances and real-time worldwide communications hold great promise to transform accountability, transparency, citizen participation and collaboration, in addition to offering better public services, by increasing efficiency and effectiveness and decreasing corruption in government. With these goals in mind, this paper describes Meu Congresso Nacional (My National Congress), a first prize winner application developed during the First Brazilian Parliament Hackathon focused on parliamentarians transparency by obtaining and analyzing data from several sources and displaying them on a user-friendly website. In addition, based on this development experience, this paper discusses the difficulties and challenges of developing applications based on Brazilian government data.
Temperature Adaptations in the Terminal Processes of Anaerobic Decomposition of Yellowstone National Park and Icelandic Hot Spring Microbial Mats

The optimum temperatures for methanogenesis in microbial mats of four neutral to alkaline, low-sulfate hot springs in Yellowstone National Park were between 50 and 60°C, which was 13 to 23°C lower than the upper temperature for mat development. Significant methanogenesis at 65°C was only observed in one of the springs. Methane production in samples collected at a 51 or 62°C site in Octopus Spring was increased by incubation at higher temperatures and was maximal at 70°C. Strains of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were isolated from 50, 55, 60, and 65°C sites in Octopus Spring at the temperatures of the collection sites. The optimum temperature for growth and methanogenesis of each isolate was 65°C. Similar results were found for the potential rate of sulfate reduction in an Icelandic hot spring microbial mat in which sulfate reduction dominated methane production as a terminal process in anaerobic decomposition. The potential rate of sulfate reduction along the thermal gradient of the mat was greatest at 50°C, but incubation at 60°C of the samples obtained at 50°C increased the rate. Adaptation to different mat temperatures, common among various microorganisms and processes in the mats, did not appear to occur in the processes and microorganisms which terminate the anaerobic food chain. Other factors must explain why the maximal rates of these processes are restricted to moderate temperatures of the mat ecosystem.
Clustering patterns of obesity-related multiple lifestyle behaviours and their associations with overweight and family environments: a cross-sectional study in Japanese preschool children

Objectives The purpose of this study is (1) to identify obesity-related lifestyle behaviour patterns of diet, physical activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours in preschool children, (2) to examine the association between identified behaviour clusters and overweight/obesity and (3) to investigate differences in children's family environments according to clusters. Design setting and participants A cross-sectional study on 2114 preschool children aged 3–6 years who attended childcare facilities (24 nursery schools and 10 kindergartens) in Tsuruoka city, Japan in April 2003 was conducted. Main outcome measures Children's principal caregivers completed a questionnaire on children's lifestyle behaviours (dinner timing, outside playtime, screen time and night-time sleep duration), family environment (family members, maternal employment, mealtime regularity and parents' habitual exercise and screen time) and measurements of weight and height. Cluster analysis was performed using children's 4 lifestyle behaviours based on those non-missing values (n=1545). The χ2 tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) estimated cluster differences in overweight/obesity and family environments. Results 6 clusters were identified. Children's overweight/obesity varied across clusters (p=0.007). The cluster with the most screen time, shorter night-time sleep duration, average dinner timing and outside playtime had the highest overweight/obesity prevalence (15.1%), while the cluster with the least screen time, the longest sleep duration, the earliest dinner timing and average outside playtime had the lowest prevalence (4.0%). Family environments regarding mealtime regularity and both parents' screen time also significantly varied across clusters. The cluster having the highest overweight/obesity prevalence had the highest proportion of irregular mealtimes and the most screen time for both parents. Conclusions This study suggests that public health approaches to prevent children's overweight/obesity should focus on decreasing screen time and increasing night-time sleep duration. To shape those behaviours, regular mealtimes and decreasing parents' screen time within family environments need to be targeted among family members.
On the High-Frequency Dynamics of Hedge Fund Risk Exposures

We propose a new method to model hedge fund risk exposures using relatively high frequency conditioning variables. In a large sample of funds, we find substantial evidence that hedge fund risk exposures vary across and within months, and that capturing within-month variation is more important for hedge funds than for mutual funds. We consider different within-month functional forms, and uncover patterns such as day-of-the-month variation in risk exposures. We also find that changes in portfolio allocations, rather than changes in the risk exposures of the underlying assets, are the main drivers of hedge funds' risk exposure variation.