Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive description of postpartum pain after cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE To describe women's experiences with the perception of, evaluation of, and response to postpartum pain after cesarean delivery through the sensory, affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of pain. The secondary aim of this research was to differentiate pain described with nociceptive and neuropathic pain descriptors. DESIGN Longitudinal, concurrent mixed methods design. SETTING Large, university-based, midwestern medical center. PARTICIPANTS Convenience sample of 30 low-risk women scheduled for cesarean deliveries. METHODS The PAINReportIt, a computerized version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, was administered in person to participants at two visits: between 24 and 48 hours postcesarean delivery and at 6 weeks postpartum. Descriptive statistics, t tests, and χ(2) tests were calculated from these data and pain descriptor selections were compared with established nociceptive and neuropathic pain descriptor lists. RESULTS Pain was reported in all dimensions at both visits. The abdomen was most frequently selected for pain location; mean intensity was 2.75/10 at the first visit, 1.1/10 at the 6-week visit. Pain in the sensory and cognitive dimensions decreased significantly between visits. Affective dimension pain decreased, but the difference was not significant. Participants reported activities that increased and decreased pain in the behavioral dimension. Pain descriptors indicative of nociceptive (e.g., tender, sore) and neuropathic (e.g. aching) pain were selected at both visits. CONCLUSION Postpartum pain after cesarean delivery is multidimensional and has been described with words indicative of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Nurses should complete a thorough and comprehensive pain assessment throughout the postpartum for patients experiencing cesarean deliveries.
Rewiring of an ancestral Tbx1/10-Ebf-Mrf network for pharyngeal muscle specification in distinct embryonic lineages

Skeletal muscles arise from diverse embryonic origins in vertebrates, yet converge on extensively shared regulatory programs that require muscle regulatory factor (MRF)-family genes. Myogenesis in the tail of the simple chordate Ciona exhibits a similar reliance on its single MRF-family gene, and diverse mechanisms activate Ci-Mrf. Here, we show that myogenesis in the atrial siphon muscles (ASMs) and oral siphon muscles (OSMs), which control the exhalant and inhalant siphons, respectively, also requires Mrf. We characterize the ontogeny of OSM progenitors and compare the molecular basis of Mrf activation in OSM versus ASM. In both muscle types, Ebf and Tbx1/10 are expressed and function upstream of Mrf. However, we demonstrate that regulatory relationships between Tbx1/10, Ebf and Mrf differ between the OSM and ASM lineages. We propose that Tbx1, Ebf and Mrf homologs form an ancient conserved regulatory state for pharyngeal muscle specification, whereas their regulatory relationships might be more evolutionarily variable. Summary: Ciona Tbx1, Ebf and Mrf homologs form an ancient conserved regulatory state for pharyngeal muscle specification, whereas their regulatory relationships are more evolutionarily variable.
Leadership as an Organizational Quality

In this article, leadership is conceptualized as an organizational quality. Adopting a perspective on organizations offered by institutional theory, the authors offer a view of leadership that builds on the following points: Leadership flows through the networks of roles that comprise organizations. The medium of leadership and the currency of leadership lie in the personal resources of people. And, leadership shapes the systems that produce patterns of interaction and the meanings that other participants attach to organizational events.
Reforming leasehold: discursive events and outcomes 1984-2000

This article uses discourse analysis to explore and explain the limits of ongoing efforts to resolve the problems experienced by long leaseholders living in private flats in England and Wales. Attention is focused on the position of leasehold within the three discourses of property law, housing, and housing law, as revealed through the language used in legislation, consultation papers, Law Commission reports, political statements, media representations, and the accounts of leaseholders themselves. The implementation gap between legislative intentions and effects, so often neglected in discussion of housing policy, is explored. The article considers policy and legislation in the light of a metanarrative encompassing all aspects of the multi-occupancy of blocks of flats.
TrajRank: Exploring travel behaviour on a route by trajectory ranking

In this paper, we propose a novel visual analysis method TrajRank to study the travel behaviour of vehicles along one route. We focus on the spatial-temporal distribution of travel time, i.e., the time spent on each road segment and the travel time variation in rush/non-rush hours. TrajRank first allows users to interactively select a route, and segment it into several road segments. Then trajectories passing this route are automatically extracted. These trajectories are ranked on each road segment according to travel time and further clustered according to the rankings on all road segments. Based on the above ranking analysis, we provide a temporal distribution view showing the temporal distribution of travel time and a ranking diagram view showing the spatial variation of travel time. With real taxi GPS data, we present three use cases and an informal user study to show the effectiveness and usability of our method.
Sea Ice Classification Using Cryosat-2 Altimeter Data by Optimal Classifier–Feature Assembly

Sea ice type is one of the most sensitive variables in Arctic ice monitoring and detailed information about it is essential for ice situation evaluation, vessel navigation, and climate prediction. Many machine-learning methods including deep learning can be employed for ice-type detection, and most classifiers tend to prefer different feature combinations. In order to find the optimal classifier–feature assembly (OCF) for sea ice classification, it is necessary to assess their performance differences. The objective of this letter is to make a recommendation for the OCF for sea ice classification using Cryosat-2 (CS-2) data. Six classifiers including convolutional neural network (CNN), Bayesian, $K$ nearest-neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and back propagation neural network (BPNN) were studied. CS-2 altimeter data of November 2015 and May 2016 in the whole Arctic were used. The overall accuracy was estimated using multivalidation to evaluate the performances of individual classifiers with different feature combinations. Overall, RF achieved a mean accuracy of 89.15%, followed by Bayesian, SVM, and BPNN (~86%), outperforming the worst (CNN and KNN) by 7%. Trailing-edge width (TeW) and leading-edge width (LeW) were the most important features, and feature combination of TeW, LeW, Sigma0, maximum of the returned power waveform (MAX), and pulse peakiness (PP) was the best choice. RF with feature combination of TeW, LeW, Sigma0, MAX, and PP was finally selected as the OCF for sea ice classification and the results that demonstrated this method achieved a mean accuracy of 91.45%, which outperformed the other state-of-art methods by 9%.
Multimodal autonomous tool analyses and appropriate application

In this work we propose a method to extract visual features from a tool in the hand of a robot to derive basic properties how to handle this tool correctly. We want to show how a robot can improve its accuracy in certain tasks by a visual exploration of geometric features. We also show methods to extend the proprioception of the robots arm to the new end-effector including the tool. By a combination of 3D and 2D data, it is possible to extract features like geometric edges, flat surfaces and concavities. From those features we can distinguish several classes of objects and make basic measurements of potential contact areas and other properties relevant for performing tasks. We also present a controller that uses the relative position or orientation of such features as constraints for manipulation tasks in the world. Such a controller allows to easily model complex tasks like pancake flipping or sausage fishing. The extension of the proprioception is achieved by a generalized filter setup for a set of force torque sensors, that allows the detection of indirect contacts performed over a tool and extract basic information like the approximated direction from the sensor data.
Lipid metabolism in myelinating glial cells: lessons from human inherited disorders and mouse models

The integrity of central and peripheral nervous system myelin is affected in numerous lipid metabolism disorders. This vulnerability was so far mostly attributed to the extraordinarily high level of lipid synthesis that is required for the formation of myelin, and to the relative autonomy in lipid synthesis of myelinating glial cells because of blood barriers shielding the nervous system from circulating lipids. Recent insights from analysis of inherited lipid disorders, especially those with prevailing lipid depletion and from mouse models with glia-specific disruption of lipid metabolism, shed new light on this issue. The particular lipid composition of myelin, the transport of lipid-associated myelin proteins, and the necessity for timely assembly of the myelin sheath all contribute to the observed vulnerability of myelin to perturbed lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the uptake of external lipids may also play a role in the formation of myelin membranes. In addition to an improved understanding of basic myelin biology, these data provide a foundation for future therapeutic interventions aiming at preserving glial cell integrity in metabolic disorders.
Utilising generation Y: United States hospitality and tourism students' perceptions of careers in the industry

This purpose of this study is to ascertain U.S. hospitality and tourism management student's perceptions of jobs in the industry. To undertake this, students were asked to identify which factors were important when choosing a career and whether the hospitality and tourism offers these. Additionally, students were asked their perceptions towards a number of dimensions relating to careers in the hospitality and tourism industry. Overall, it is clear that respondents are generally happy with the careers being offered in hospitality and tourism and are committed to pursuing careers in the industry.
Development of a macroscopic model on recent fashion trends on the basis of consumer emotion

In the fashion industry, one of the most important things is to accurately analyse the consumers’ emotional response to current fashion trends and to forecast trends for the forthcoming season based on the analysed results. In this study, it was assumed that a more accurate trend-forecasting for a market would be possible, if the fluctuation of consumer emotion could be represented on a kind of macroscopic model of recent fashion trends. For an exploratory attempt to acquire such macroscopic information on trends, this research aimed to (1) propose a systematic method to derive a macroscopic model on trends on the basis of consumer emotion; and (2) develop a macroscopic model on recent fashion trends, applying the method. This research was based on three assumptions: (1) Fashion trend is a representation of change in consumers’ emotions; (2) A linguistic representation can be a useful medium to access consumers’ emotions; and (3) Consumers’ emotions can be represented as a concrete model. As a method of developing the macroscopic model, a five-step procedure was proposed and executed in this research. According to the five-step procedure, a total of four surveys were serially conducted and the data sets were analysed quantitatively or qualitatively. As a result, a two-dimensional macroscopic model on recent fashion trend was developed, in which 79 major emotion descriptors were positioned and categorized into 14 subgroups. ‘artificial-natural’ (for the first dimension) and ‘simple-complicated’ (for the second dimension) appeared as the two-dimensional axes passing through the macroscopic model on recent fashion trends. The 14 subgroups in the model corresponded to the main themes of recent fashion trends reported in the literature on fashion.
Metabolism of 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin by human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoforms

1. The metabolism of 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BFC) to 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (HFC) was studied in human liver microsomal preparations and in cDNA-expressed human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. 2. Kinetic analysis of the NADPH-dependent metabolism of BFC to HFC in four preparations of pooled human liver microsomes revealed mean (±SEM) Km and Vmax of 8.3±1.3 μM and 454±98 pmol/min/mg protein respectively. 3. The metabolism of BFC to HFC was determined in a characterized bank of 24 individual human liver microsomal preparations employing BFC substrate concentrations of 20 and 50 μM (i.e. about two and six times Km respectively). With 20 μM BFC the highest correlations were observed between BFC metabolism and markers of CYP1A2 (r2 = 0.784-0.797) and then with CYP3A (r2 = 0.434-0.547) isoforms, whereas with 50 μM BFC the highest correlations were observed between BFC metabolism and markers of CYP3A (r2 = 0.679-0.837) and then with CYP1A2 (r2 = 0.421-0.427) isoforms. At both BFC substrate concentrations, lower correlations were observed between BFC metabolism and enzymatic markers for CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP4A9/11. 4. Using human β-lymphoblastoid cell microsomes containing cDNA-expressed CYP isoforms, 20 μM BFC was metabolized by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, with lower rates of metabolism being observed with CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Kinetic studies with the CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 preparations demonstrated a lower Km with the CYP1A2 preparation, but a higher Vmax with the CYP3A4 preparation. 5. The metabolism of 20 μM BFC in human liver microsomes was inhibited to 37-48% of control by 5-100 μM of the mechanism-based CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline and to 64-69% of control by 5-100 μM of the mechanism-based CYP3A4 inhibitor roleandomycin. While some inhibition of BFC metabolism was observed in the presence of 100 and 200 μM diethyldithiocarbamate, the addition of 2-50 μM sulphaphenazole, 50-500 μM Smephenytoin and 2-50 μM quinidine had little effect. 6. The metabolism of 20 μM BFC to HFC in human liver microsomes was also inhibited by an antibody to CYP3A4, whereas antibodies to CYP2C8}9 and CYP2D6 had no effect. 7. In summary, by correlation analysis, use of cDNA-expressed CYP isoforms, chemical inhibition and inhibitory antibodies, BFC appears metabolized by a number of CYP isoforms in human liver. BFC metabolism appears to be primarily catalysed by CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, with possibly some contribution by CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and perhaps other CYP isoforms. 8. The results also demonstrate the importance of the selection of an appropriate substrate concentration when conducting reaction phenotyping studies with human hepatic CYP isoforms.
Biopolitics and Thanatopolitics at Guantánamo, and the Weapons of the Weak in the Lawfare over Force-Feeding

Abstract This essay provides readers with an ideological analysis of the biopolitical and thanatopolitical rhetorics that swirled around the 2013 Guantánamo hunger strikes. The author contends that these hunger strikes are examples of contemporary tactical weapons of the weak, improvised ideological tools that are used by the disempowered during times of political and social struggle. The author also notes that when the Guantánamo detainees and their lawyers mentioned “force-feeding” they were gesturing toward some well-known tropes and historical tactics that had been used by suffragettes and other hunger strikers. However, these detainees faced their own unique challenges because they had to deal with skeptical US audiences who refused to view these foreigners as aggrieved victims in distress. At the same time the US military deployed their own counter-tactics as they configured “enteral” feeding as “live-saving” measures.
Psychosocial interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and mental ill-health

Purpose of review To summarize recent research on psychosocial interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and mental ill-health. Recent findings Psychosocial interventions for people with intellectual disabilities and mental ill-health are poorly developed. Recent research has focused upon individual therapeutic interventions and the evaluation of structures for the delivery of services to people with intellectual disabilities and mental ill-health. There is little research that has examined psychosocial interventions with carers or families, and the impact of housing, leisure and employment for this group of people. Summary As people with intellectual disabilities are increasingly recognized as having severe and enduring mental ill-health, the development of an evidence base for psychosocial intervention is of considerable importance.
Age, Spatial, and Temporal Variations in Hospital Admissions with Malaria in Kilifi County, Kenya: A 25-Year Longitudinal Observational Study

Background Encouraging progress has been seen with reductions in Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in some parts of Africa. Reduced transmission might lead to increasing susceptibility to malaria among older children due to lower acquired immunity, and this has implications for ongoing control strategies. Methods and Findings We conducted a longitudinal observational study of children admitted to Kilifi County Hospital in Kenya and linked it to data on residence and insecticide-treated net (ITN) use. This included data from 69,104 children aged from 3 mo to 13 y admitted to Kilifi County Hospital between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 2014. The variation in malaria slide positivity among admissions was examined in logistic regression models using the following predictors: location of the residence, calendar time, the child’s age, ITN use, and the enhanced vegetation index (a proxy for soil moisture). The proportion of malaria slide-positive admissions declined from 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.58) in 1998 to 0.07 (95% CI 0.06–0.08) in 2009 but then increased again through to 0.24 (95% CI 0.22–0.25) in 2014. Older children accounted for most of the increase after 2009 (0.035 [95% CI 0.030–0.040] among young children compared to 0.22 [95% CI 0.21–0.23] in older children). There was a nonlinear relationship between malaria risk and prevalence of ITN use within a 2 km radius of an admitted child’s residence such that the predicted malaria positive fraction varied from ~0.4 to <0.1 as the prevalence of ITN use varied from 20% to 80%. In this observational analysis, we were unable to determine the cause of the decline in malaria between 1998 and 2009, which pre-dated the dramatic scale-up in ITN distribution and use. Conclusion Following a period of reduced transmission, a cohort of older children emerged who have increased susceptibility to malaria. Further reductions in malaria transmission are needed to mitigate the increasing burden among older children, and universal ITN coverage is a promising strategy to achieve this goal.
Phrase processing methods for Japanese text retrieval

This paper examines the effectiveness of different phrase identification and weighting methods for Japanese text retrieval in an operational information retrieval (IR) system, called NACSIS-IR. Based on our previous experiments, we used character-based indexing with positional information and word-or phrase-based query processing, which allowed us to implement sophisticated linguistic analysis on large-scale databases while maintaining adequate efficiency. The results of retrieval experiments on a large-scale Japanese test collection showed that the combination of enhanced phrase identification using patterns defined over part-of-speech tags and our algorithms Phrase2 and Phrase5 made a significant positive contribution to retrieval effectiveness. The paper also discusses indexing and phrase processing of Japanese or East Asian languages.
Vector-valued Laplace Transforms and Cauchy Problems

This monograph gives a systematic account of the theory of vector-valued Laplace transforms, ranging from representation theory to Tauberian theorems. In parallel, the theory of linear Cauchy problems and semigroups of operators is developed completely in the spirit of Laplace transforms. Existence and uniqueness, regularity, approximation and above all asymptotic behaviour of solutions are studied. Diverse applications to partial differential equations are given. The book contains an introduction to the Bochner integral and several appendices on background material. It is addressed to students and researchers interested in evolution equations, Laplace and Fourier transforms, and functional analysis.
The Federal Role in Early Childhood Special Education Policy in the Next Century

This article describes the relationship of federal, state, and local policy as it relates to early childhood special education (ECSE) policies. The article describes the balance of power among the three levels of government established by a system of federalism, such as the U.S. form of government. The author hypothesizes that efforts on behalf of young children with special needs and their families need to be increasingly focused on local action rather than federal. The role of the federal government in ECSE policy may diminish in the future, and the goals of policy, whether federal or local policies, are more likely to be met if individuals at the local level commit to local action. The author proposes that future federal, state, or local policy gains will be dependent on actions taken by individuals at the state and local level.
Social media use in emergency management.

OBJECTIVE To identify and illustrate the range of strategies and tactics available for emergency managers using social media. DESIGN This study uses content analysis of more than 80 related journal articles, research reports, and government documents as well as more than 120 newspaper articles, identified through LexisNexis search queries. RESULTS Three strategies, information dissemination, monitoring real-time data, and engaging the public in a conversation and/or crowdsourcing, are available to emergency managers to augment communication practices via face-to-face contact and through traditional media outlets. Academic research has identified several message types disseminated during response operations. (1,2) Message types during other emergency phases have received less attention; however, news reporting and government reports provide best practices and inform this study. This article provides the foundation for a more complete typology of emergency management messages. Relatedly, despite limited attention in the academic research, monitoring social media feeds to accrue situational awareness and interacting with others to generate a conversation and/or to coordinate collective action also take place in various forms and are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Findings integrate the fragmented body of knowledge into a more coherent whole and suggest that practitioners might maximize outcomes through a three-step process of information dissemination, data monitoring, and the direct engagement of diverse sets of actors to spur risk reduction efforts. However, these steps require time, personnel, and resources, which present obstacles for agencies operating under conditions of personnel and resource scarcity.