Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extracting and Normalizing Entity-Actions from Users’ Comments

With the growing popularity of opinion-rich resources on the Web, new opportunities and challenges arise and aid people in actively using such information to understand the opinions of others. Opinion mining process currently focuses on extracting the sentiments of the users on products, social, political and economical issues. In many instances, users not only express their sentiments but also contribute their ideas, requests and suggestions through comments. Such comments are useful for domain experts and are referred to as actionable content. Extracting actionable knowledge from online social media has attracted a growing interest from both academia and the industry. We define a new problem in this line which is extracting entity-actionable knowledge from the users’ comments. The problem aims at extracting and normalizing the entity-action pairs. We propose a principled approach to solve this problem and detect exactly matched entities with 75.1% F-score and exactly matched actions with 76.43% F-score. We could achieve an average precision of 81.15% for entity-action normalization.
IFN-γ production by alloantigen-reactive regulatory T cells is important for their regulatory function in vivo

The significance of cytokine production by CD4+ regulatory T (T reg) cells after antigen exposure in vivo and its impact on their regulatory activity remains unclear. Pretreatment with donor alloantigen under the cover of anti-CD4 therapy generates alloantigen reactive T reg cells that can prevent rejection of donor-specific skin grafts that are mediated by naive CD45RBhighCD4+ T cells. To examine the kinetics and importance of cytokine gene transcription by such alloantigen-reactive T reg cells, pretreated mice were rechallenged with donor alloantigen in vivo. CD25+CD4+ T cells, but not CD25−CD4+ T cells, showed a fivefold increase in IFN-γ mRNA expression within 24 h of reencountering alloantigen in vivo. This expression kinetic was highly antigen-specific and was of functional significance. Neutralizing IFN-γ at the time of cotransfer of alloantigen reactive T reg cells, together with CD45RBhighCD4+ effector T cells into Rag −/− skin graft recipients, resulted in skin graft necrosis in all recipients; the generation and function of alloantigen-reactive T reg cells was impaired dramatically in IFN-γ–deficient mice. These data support a unique role for IFN-γ in the functional activity of alloantigen-reactive T reg cells during the development of operational tolerance to donor alloantigens in vivo.
A high-temperature device for in situ measurement of X-ray absorption spectra

Description of a high temperature cell designed to record the X-ray absorption spectra of samples heated in situ up to 1500 °C under the vacuum (10~4 torr) of a synchrotron Xray beam line. Application to determination of the transition (at ca. 220 °C) from incommensurately-modulated to normal structure in Ca2Co[Si207l melilite and the coordination of Ti on K20-Ti02-Si02-melts.
Mother Tongue Affecting the English Vowel Pronounciation of Batak Toba Adults

The paper focuses on description of mother tongue affecting the Batak Toba adults’ in pronouncing English vowel sounds. This qualitative study used 12 vowel sounds of English. The 40 respondents are 20 to 40 years old originated Batak Toba male and female adults who live in Batam. The techniques of data collection were recording and one-on-one interviewing. The analysis applied the theory of Finegan (2015). The result showed that the respondents could not pronounce the vowel /æ/ as in word mat, almost all of them could not pronounce vowel /3:/ as in the word of bird, the vowel /i:/ as in eat, and vowel /O:/ as in saw. Then, all of the respondents could pronounce the vowel /I/ as in it, /e/ as in get, and vowel /O/ as in dog. Additionally, almost of them could pronounce the vowel /2/ as in word cut and vowel /U/ as in put. Almost all of the respondents could pronounce the word of two /u:/ and half of them could pronounce the word of ago /@/. This phenomenon happened because there is a language contact between Bahasa Indonesia and Batak Toba language. Even though there is no long vowel sounds in Batak Toba language as on Toba’s Surat Batak, the vowel sounds are /2/, /I/, /e/, /U/, and /5/, but In Bahasa Indonesia, there are vowel sounds of /@/ for mereka, bersih and /u:/ for bu.
The structure and environment of young stellar clusters in spiral galaxies

A search for stellar clusters has been carried out in 18 nearby spiral galaxies, using archive images from the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. All of the galaxies have previously been imaged from the ground in UBVI. A catalogue of structural parameters, photometry and comments based on visual inspection of the clusters is compiled and used to investigate correlations between cluster structure, environment, age and mass. Least-squares fits to the data suggest correlations between both the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and half-light radius (Reff )o f the clusters and their masses (M) at about the 3σ level. Although both relations show a large scatter, the fits have substantially shallower slopes than for a constant-density relation (size ∝ M 1/3 ). However, many of the youngest clusters have extended halos which make the Reff determinations uncertain. There is no evidence for galaxy-to-galaxy variations in the mean cluster sizes. In particular, the mean sizes do not appear to depend on the host galaxy star formation rate surface density. Many of the youngest objects (age < 10 7 years) are located in strongly crowded regions, and about 1/3-1/2 of them are double or multiple sources. The HST images are also used to check the nature of cluster candidates identified in a previous ground-based survey. The contamination rate in the ground-based sample is generally less than about 20%, but some cluster identifications remain ambiguous because of crowding even with HST imaging, especially for the youngest objects.
Characterization of a Novel Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Subtype (H16) Obtained from Black-Headed Gulls

ABSTRACT In wild aquatic birds and poultry around the world, influenza A viruses carrying 15 antigenic subtypes of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 antigenic subtypes of neuraminidase (NA) have been described. Here we describe a previously unidentified antigenic subtype of HA (H16), detected in viruses circulating in black-headed gulls in Sweden. In agreement with established criteria for the definition of antigenic subtypes, hemagglutination inhibition assays and immunodiffusion assays failed to detect specific reactivity between H16 and the previously described subtypes H1 to H15. Genetically, H16 HA was found to be distantly related to H13 HA, a subtype also detected exclusively in shorebirds, and the amino acid composition of the putative receptor-binding site of H13 and H16 HAs was found to be distinct from that in HA subtypes circulating in ducks and geese. The H16 viruses contained NA genes that were similar to those of other Eurasian shorebirds but genetically distinct from N3 genes detected in other birds and geographical locations. The European gull viruses were further distinguishable from other influenza A viruses based on their PB2, NP, and NS genes. Gaining information on the full spectrum of avian influenza A viruses and creating reagents for their detection and identification will remain an important task for influenza surveillance, outbreak control, and animal and public health. We propose that sequence analyses of HA and NA genes of influenza A viruses be used for the rapid identification of existing and novel HA and NA subtypes.
Polynomial chaos based variability analysis of multiport systems

A novel technique for the variability analysis of generic multiport systems (e.g. interconnections, filters, connectors) is presented. The proposed method describes the statistical properties of a multiport system using the Polynomial Chaos expansion, starting from a set of univariate macromodels of the system transfer function. A numerical example shows the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach with respect to standard Monte Carlo analysis.
Inside and Out: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Young-Adult Friendships

INSIDE AND OUT: INTRAPERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL EMOTION REGULATION IN YOUNG-ADULT FRIENDSHIPS Samantha A. Chesney, M.S. Marquette University, 2018 To date, the field of emotion regulation has been held captive by inquiries into processes that unfold at an intrapersonal, or individual, level. As such, experts know a great deal about how individual choices to engage in a particular regulatory strategy are related to psychosocial outcomes. Recently the spotlight for theoretical and empirical attention has shifted to address an inarguable truth: humans are social beings. Research must break from the view of emotion regulation as intrapersonal or interpersonal, instead employing person-centered approaches that represent both levels as an interdependent system. The current study evaluated emotion regulation as a dynamic system to explore the complex regulatory processes in young-adult friendships. Pairs of female friends were recruited to model the bidirectional relationships between trait-level intraand interpersonal regulation. Results of a latent profile analysis categorized participants as having one of four, intrapersonal emotion regulation profiles: Adaptive regulators, Accepting regulators, High Regulators, and Maladaptive regulators. These trait profiles were entered into a series of Actor-Partner Interdependence Models predicting participants’ use of trait interpersonal regulation. Findings showed that the intrapersonal regulatory profiles were not associated with one’s own, or a friend’s, use of interpersonal strategies. The friendship dyads also engaged in conversations about positive and negative shared experiences, and state-level regulatory processes were explored. Analyses indicated that participants believed their effect on regulating a friend’s emotion was diminished in negative, as compared to positive, emotional contexts. Still, selfassessments confirmed that interpersonal regulation reliably influenced state affect. In particular, the strategy of enhancing positive affect was related to emotionality, regardless of the conversation valence. This interpersonal strategy was the only one that was also implicated in how participants felt about the overall quality of their friendship; stronger friendships were observed in those who more often used up-regulation of positive affect. Thus, the current findings confirm that interpersonal regulation directed at upregulating positive affect holds significance for how individuals feel during emotionallycharged conversations, as well as the quality they ascribe to their friendship. This is distinct from interpersonal regulation aimed at down-regulating negative affect, which appears to be less related to state affect and friendship quality.
Kinetics of Electron Transfer and Oxygen Evolution in the Reaction of [Ru(bpy)3]3+ with Colloidal Iridium Oxide

The kinetics of electron transfer and oxygen evolution at citrate-stabilized IrOx·nH2O colloids were studied by time-resolved UV−visible spectrosopy and by steady-state photolysis of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridyl) and persulfate in a hexafluorosilicate/bicarbonate buffer. Time-resolved studies of the reaction of [Ru(bpy)3]3+ with these colloids show an initial fast electron transfer, corresponding to oxidation of Ir(III) to Ir(IV). Further oxidation of surface Ir atoms occurs concomitantly with oxygen evolution with a second-order rate constant of 1.3 × 106 M-1 s-1. Both the time-resolved reduction of [Ru(bpy)3]3+ by IrOx·nH2O and the photocatalytic oxygen evolution under non-light-limited photolysis conditions have a H/D kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of 1.0. This contrasts with significantly higher KIE values for oxygen evolution from molecular cis,cis-[(bpy)2Ru(OH2)]2O]4+ and [(terpy)(H2O)MnIII(O)2(OH2)terpy)]3+ water oxidation catalysts. This is consistent with the conclusion that, under the condit.
Multidimensional 16-QAM constellation labeling of BI-STCM-ID with the Alamouti scheme

We propose a multidimensional constellation labeling for bit interleaved space time coded modulation with iterative decoding (BI-STCM-ID) using the Alamouti scheme and one receive antenna. The labeling of two 16-QAM signals are designed jointly and optimized using the reactive tabu search (RTS) algorithm with a slight modification in the fitness function of the two dimensional labeling. The proposed multidimensional labeling provided 4 dB coding gain over the best known two dimensional labeling
Temporal Regulation of the Transformasome and Competence Development in Streptococcus suis

In S. suis the ComX-inducing peptide (XIP) pheromone regulates ComR-dependent transcriptional activation of comX (or sigX) the regulator of the late competence regulon. The aims of this study were to identify the ComR-regulated genes and in S. suis using genome-wide transcriptomics and identify their function based on orthology and the construction of specific knockout mutants. The ComX regulon we identified, includes all homologs of the “transformasome” a type 4-like pilus DNA binding and transport apparatus identified in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus thermophilus. A conserved CIN-box (YTACGAAYW), predicted to be bound by ComX, was found in the promoters of operons encoding genes involved in expression of the transformasome. Mutants lacking the major pilin gene comYC were not transformable demonstrating that the DNA uptake pilus is indeed required for competence development in S. suis. Competence was a transient state with the comX regulon shut down after ~15 min even when transcription of comX had not returned to basal levels, indicating other mechanisms control the exit from competence. The ComX regulon also included genes involved in DNA repair including cinA which we showed to be required for high efficiency transformation. In contrast to S. pneumoniae and S. mutans the ComX regulon of S. suis did not include endA which converts the transforming DNA into ssDNA, or ssbA, which protects the transforming ssDNA from degradation. EndA appeared to be essential in S. suis so we could not generate mutants and confirm its role in DNA transformation. Finally, we identified a putative homolog of fratricin, and a putative bacteriocin gene cluster, that were also part of the CIN-box regulon and thus may play a role in DNA release from non-competent cells, enabling gene transfer between S. suis pherotypes or S. suis and other species. S. suis mutants of oppA, the binding subunit of the general oligopeptide transporter were not transformable, suggesting that it is required for the import of XIP.
Activity discovery from video employing soft computing relations

The present work presents a novel approach for activity extraction and knowledge discovery from video. Spatial and temporal properties from detected mobile objects are modeled employing fuzzy relations. These can then be aggregated employing typical soft-computing algebra. A clustering algorithm based on the transitive closure calculation of the fuzzy relations allows finding spatio-temporal patterns of activity. We employ trajectory-based analysis of mobiles in the video to discover the points of entry and exit of mobiles appearing in the scene and ultimately deduce the different areas of activity in the scene. These areas can be reported as activity maps with different granularities thanks to the analysis of the transitive closure matrix of the mobile fuzzy spatial relations. Discovered activity zones and spatio-temporal patterns of activity can be labeled in a human-like language. We present results obtained on real videos corresponding to apron monitoring in the Toulouse airport in France.
NMR Structures of Apo L. casei Dihydrofolate Reductase and Its Complexes with Trimethoprim and NADPH: Contributions to Positive Cooperative Binding from Ligand-Induced Refolding, Conformational Changes, and Interligand Hydrophobic Interactions

In order to examine the origins of the large positive cooperativity (ΔG0coop = −2.9 kcal mol−1) of trimethoprim (TMP) binding to a bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in the presence of NADPH, we have determined and compared NMR solution structures of L. casei apo DHFR and its binary and ternary complexes with TMP and NADPH and made complementary thermodynamic measurements. The DHFR structures are generally very similar except for the A−B loop region and part of helix B (residues 15−31) which could not be directly detected for L. casei apo DHFR because of line broadening from exchange between folded and unfolded forms. Thermodynamic and NMR measurements suggested that a significant contribution to the cooperativity comes from refolding of apo DHFR on binding the first ligand (up to −0.95 kcals mol−1 if 80% of A−B loop requires refolding). Comparisons of Cα−Cα distance differences and domain rotation angles between apo DHFR and its complexes indicated that generally similar conformational changes involving domain movements accompany formation of the binary complexes with either TMP or NADPH and that the binary structures are approaching that of the ternary complex as would be expected for positive cooperativity. These favorable ligand-induced structural changes upon binding the first ligand will also contribute significantly to the cooperative binding. A further substantial contribution to cooperative binding results from the proximity of the bound ligands in the ternary complex: this reduces the solvent accessible area of the ligand and provides a favorable entropic hydrophobic contribution (up to −1.4 kcal mol−1).
Elderly Women in Rural Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, one of the world’s poorest countries, a significant proportion of its most deprived citizens are elderly women living in rural areas, where healthcare access remains difficult. This article argues that as citizens, such elderly women, too, should have a constitutional right to healthcare access. Meeting this constitutional and human rights challenge is a joint obligation for the government and healthcare professionals. Yet, socio-economic discrimination and several cultural factors at individual, societal and institutional levels are known to limit access to healthcare services for elderly rural women in Bangladesh, who represent a highly vulnerable population group in Bangladesh regarding healthcare and healthcare access. This article first examines demographic ageing trends and then highlights key issues concerning the necessity of securing better healthcare for rural elderly women (REW) in Bangladesh.
Tourism Competitiveness of South Sulawesi Province

The purpose of this study was to analyze competing strategies in tourist destinations. The research method was a survey. The sample units were 149 respondents. Data collection technique used a questionnaire instrument with Likert scale measurement. Respondents were asked to provide answers to closing statements. Respondents are visitors to the leading tourist areas in South Sulawesi Province. Data analysis method used descriptive statistics to describe the research variables. The results show that tourists choose differentiation strategies compared to cost leadership strategies and focus strategies in determining tourist sites. The results of this analysis reinforce that tourist visitors use differentiation strategies as the main competitive weapon compared to cost leadership strategies and focus strategies on determining tourist attractions. Keywords—competitiveness, cost leadership strategies, differentiation strategies, focus strategies
Perceived foreign accent in first language attrition and second language acquisition: The impact of age of acquisition and bilingualism

ABSTRACT This study investigates constraints on ultimate attainment in second language (L2) pronunciation in a direct comparison of perceived foreign accent of 40 late L2 learners and 40 late first language (L1) attriters of German. Both groups were compared with 20 predominantly monolingual controls. Contrasting participants who acquired the target language from birth (monolinguals, L1 attriters) with late L2 learners, on the one hand, and bilinguals (L1 attriters, L2ers) with monolinguals, on the other hand, allowed us to disentangle the impacts of age of onset and bilingualism in speech production. At the group level, the attriters performed indistinguishably from controls, and both differed from the L2 group. However, 80% of all L2ers scored within the native (attriter) range. Correlational analyses with background factors further found some effects of use and language aptitude. These results show that acquiring a language from birth is not sufficient to guarantee nativelike pronunciation, and late acquisition does not necessarily prevent it. The results are discussed in the light of models on the role of age and cross-linguistic influence in L2 acquisition.
Reconceptualising prosumption beyond the ‘cultural turn’: Passive fashion prosumption in Korea and China

While the processes of production and consumption are increasingly interrelated in society, there is a bourgeoning literature on consumers’ increased power through the prosumption process and its evolutions and manifestations in various industries, markets and social contexts. This article challenges the theoretical assumption that all types of ‘prosumers’ become directly empowered by digital technology or have an equal opportunity to participate in the production process through Web 2.0. By extending Ritzer’s reconceptualised idea of prosumption beyond the Global North, our research analysed two specific East Asian cases of fashion consumers whose countries shared rapidly rising economic status and cultural significance yet underwent different sociocultural trajectories. Using focus group interview, we investigated how these consumers interact differentially with the existing social structure, cultural values and other emergent social agents, and the extent to which they are able to exert an influence on the production of immaterial fashion. Contesting the expressivist take of the ‘cultural turn’ which overemphasises consumers’ awareness of and control over symbolic fashion, this article’s major theoretical contribution relates to symbolic consumption in the case of fashion – as a unique case blending material, immaterial and symbolic consumption – among young Chinese and Korean consumers geographically located out of the global fashion centres. We explored prosumption’s vicissitudes and limits as a theoretical concept, challenging its universality across different cultures, political-economic models and product categories, also demonstrating the multifaceted relationships and dissimilar types of power balances between production/producer and consumption/consumer. The study concluded with the new and differing orders of fashion consumption in Korea and China: the recognition of the overlapping effects of economic, sociocultural, habitual and technological factors which constitute different levels of empowerment and create different types of ‘prosumers’, including ‘elite prosumers’ and ‘passive prosumers’; and the power reshuffling among fashion producers, emergent social agents and consumers in the digital age.