Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sexing of Embryos at the Time of Twin Reduction: A Clinical Approach

Simple Summary In dairy cows, twin pregnancies and twinning are highly undesirable as they compromise health, welfare, and productive lifespans. We propose that the negative effects of twinning can be avoided by inducing twin reduction. Among dairy cows in their third lactation or more, the incidence of twin pregnancies may be as high as 30%, and different-sex twins represent around 50% of all twin pregnancies. This study provides new unique information on twin pairs during the late embryonic period (28–34 days of pregnancy) that allows for sex selection at the time of embryo reduction, such as differential ultrasound size measurements in heterosexual twins, different intrauterine embryonic growth patterns, and the different vulnerability of female and male embryos following the induced reduction in their co-twins. After heterosexual twin reduction, when the survival embryos were male, pregnancy loss was null. Abstract This study provides new unique information on bovine twin pairs during the late embryonic period (28–34 days of pregnancy) in relation to (1) a predictive ultrasound measurement that was differential for sexing heterosexual twins; (2) intrauterine embryonic growth patterns in twin pairs; and (3) a higher vulnerability of female embryos compared to males following an induced embryo reduction in heterosexual twins. The study population comprised 92 dairy cows carrying bilateral twins. A length difference between co-twins equal to or greater than 25% in around 50% of pregnancies served to determine the sex of embryos with 100% accuracy in heterosexual twins, which was assessed four weeks later on the remaining fetus after twin reduction. The apparent rates of growth of twin pairs and of individual male and female embryos from day 28 to 34 of gestation were similar to established growth pattern standards for singletons. Mean embryo sizes in relation to gestational age were smaller by some 5 days’ growth equivalent in twins compared to singletons. After the reduction in the female embryo in heterosexual twins, the risk of male embryo loss was null. This new information allowed for sex selection at the time of twin reduction.
Reverse roll coating flow with non-Newtonian Fluids

In this study an incompressible flow with non-Newtonian fluids in the reverse roll coating process was investigated. Non-Newtonian behavior of the coating fluid was accounted by using power law model with power index, n, ranging from 0.8 to 1.2. Effect of roll speed ratio (V2/V1) of the panel roll to the applicator roll and gap distance on the coating film thickness were also investigated. Numerical results were in good agreement with those of experimental data within 15%-20%. Results indicated that the film thickness ratios are function of power-law index, roll speed ration and ratio of roll radius to gap distance. The equations for film thickness ratio were obtained from numerical results as shown below: t2 t1 =0.89n ( V2 V1 −0.83 H0 Rm 0.0025 , t3 t1 =65.6n ( V2 V1 −0.043 H0 Rm 0.624 , where t1, t2 and t3 are inlet film, transferred film and leakage film thickness, respectively, n is power-law index, V1 and V2 are roll speed of applicator roll and panel roll, Rm is average radius of two rolls and H0 is gap distance. The correlations are accurate within 10% for 0.8≤n≤1.2, 0.5≤V2/V1 ≤2, and 7.7×10 ≤H0/Rm ≤1.54×10 −4. AMS subject classifications: 76A05
The Relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals in the United States

(1) Background: With the aging demographic shift in society, there is a growing number of middle-aged and elderly individuals affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor contributing to all causes of mortality. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of MetS. This study aims to examine the correlation between MetS and pro-inflammatory diets in middle-aged and elderly individuals, utilizing the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) as a measure. (2) Methods: Data were extracted from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for individuals who were 45 years of age or older. The DII was determined for each participant through 24-h dietary recall interviews. The relationship between DII and MetS was assessed using binary logistic regression analysis, and the association between DII and MetS-related indicators was further explored through generalized linear model (GLM) and quantile regression analysis. (3) Results: A total of 3843 middle-aged and elderly individuals were included in the study. After controlling for confounding factors, the highest quartile of DII was associated with a higher risk of MetS (ORQ4:Q1 = 1.339; 95% CI: 1.013, 1.769; p for trend = 0.018). The top DII quartile also increased the risk of reduced HDL-C (ORQ4:Q1 = 1.499; 95% CI: 1.005, 2.234; p for trend = 0.048) and raised FG (ORQ4:Q1 = 1.432; 95% CI: 1.095, 1.873; p for trend = 0.010) compared to the lowest DII quartile. The levels of DII were found to be positively correlated with BMI (β = 0.258, p = 0.001), FPG (β = 0.019, p = 0.049), TG (β = 2.043, p = 0.013), waistline (β = 0.580, p = 0.002), and negatively correlated with HDL-C (β = −0.672, p = 0.003). (4) Conclusions: In middle-aged and elderly individuals in the United States, a high DII score has been linked to the presence of MetS, low HDL-C, and hyperglycemia. Therefore, dietary recommendations for the middle-aged and elderly should focus on reducing the DII by choosing foods rich in antioxidants, dietary fiber, and unsaturated fatty acids.
Ovarian cancer detection in computed tomography images using ensembled deep optimized learning classifier

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common deadly diseases threatening women worldwide. In day to day life, a challenging task still exists for identifying OC in the early stages. There are different existing deep learning (DL) classification methods applied for OC detection but has some limitations: difficult to locate the exact position of the tumor and more complex. In order to overcome these problems, the proposed ensemble deep optimized classifier‐improved aquila optimization (EDOC‐IAO) classifier is introduced to detect different types of OC in computed tomography images. The image is resized and filtered in pre‐processing using the modified wiener filter (MWF). The pre‐processed image is given to the optimized ensemble classifier (ResNet, VGG‐16, and LeNet). The IAO is utilized for improving accuracy and overfitting. The fusion is done by average weighted fusion (AWF), and the image features are extracted. Finally, the softmax layer performs the OC classification and detects different ovarian tumor classes. Python is the simulation tool used. The open source TCGA‐OV dataset is used for OC classification. The proposed OC classification using the EDOC‐IAO model obtained higher accuracy (96.532%) for detecting OC than other methods.
The Panofsky-Wenzel theorem and general relations for the wake potential

Somegeneral relations are derived for the wake potential, that is, the integrated Lorentz force acting on a unit charge that passes, with constant velocity, through a region of electromagnetic fields. The wake potential is irrotational and nearly "source-free. " The longitudinal component satisfies the Laplace equation for the transverse coordinates in the case of highly relativistic motion.
TRANSVERSE ISOTROPIC ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF VERTEBRAL TRABECULAR BONE MATRIX MEASURED USING MICROINDENTATION UNDER DRY CONDITIONS (EFFECTS OF AGE, GENDER, AND VERTEBRAL LEVEL)

The mechanical properties of bone extracellular matrix have become of increasing interest for the understanding of vertebral fracture risk. Depth-sensing indentation techniques allow the measurement of directional elastic properties of trabecular bone ex vivo with a high spatial resolution. Transverse isotropic elastic properties of vertebral trabecular bone obtained from two orthogonal directions were investigated using microindentation under dry conditions focusing on the influence of microanatomical location, age, gender, vertebral level, and anatomic direction on these properties. Biopsies were obtained from 104 human vertebrae (T1–L3) with a median age of 65 (21–94) years. Significantly, higher indentation moduli were found for indentations on axial than on transverse cross-sections of trabeculae (p 0.05) and different ages (p > 0.5). Vertebral level showed a weak correlation (p = 0.073, r2 ≈ 0.17). These results provide insights in the transverse isotropic properties of trabecular bone matrix related to age, gender, microanatomical location, and anatomic direction for a broad spectrum of human vertebrae.
Enhancement and Restoration of Microscopic Images Corrupted with Poisson's Noise Using a Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation-based Filter

An inherent characteristic of the many imaging modalities such as fluorescence microscopy and other microscopic modalities is the presence of intrinsic Poisson noise that may lead to degradation of the captured image during its formation. A nonlinear complex diffusion-based filter adapted to Poisson noise is proposed in this paper to restore and enhance the degraded microscopic images captured by imaging devices having photon limited light detectors. The proposed filter is based on a maximum a posterior approach to the image reconstruction problem. The formulation of the filtering problem as maximisation of a posterior is useful because it allows one to incorporate the Poisson likelihood term as a data attachment which can be added to an image prior model. Here, the Gibb's image prior model-based on energy functional defined in terms of gradient norm of the image is used. The performance of the proposed scheme has been compared with other standard techniques available in literature such as Wiener filter, regularised filter, Lucy-Richardson filter and another proposed nonlinear anisotropic diffusion-based filter in terms of mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, correlation parameter and mean structure similarity index map.The results shows that the proposed complex diffusion-based filter adapted to Poisson noise performs better in comparison to other filters and is better choice for reduction of intrinsic Poisson noise from the digital microscopic images and it is also well capable of preserving edges and radiometric information such as luminance and contrast of the restored image. Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.452-461 , DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/dsj.61. 1181
The Spectral Clustering Based on the Most Similar Relation Diagram

In this paper we present a spectral clustering method based on the MSRD (Most Similar Relation Diagram). The feature of this method is that both the constructing of the adjacency matrix and the clustering are achieved by spectral algorithm. Experiment on an artificial datasets demonstrate that our method can generate balanced partition and detect the manifold clusters no matter the unnormalized or normalized Laplassian is used and can generate partitions with different features if different MSRD is used. Experiments on some real datasets proved that our method is valid and effective.
Electronic properties and passivation mechanism of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction with vacancies: a DFT study

A significant issue for GaN-based high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in high power devices is the material defect, particularly the defect states generated by the defects, which has a negative impact on the device carrier concentration and carrier transport. Based on density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the microscopic properties of different type point vacancies in the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. It is found that N vacancy introduces defect states near the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the GaN layer and AlGaN/GaN interface. Ga and Al vacancies introduce defect states near the valence band maximum (VBM) in bulk and interface of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. Moreover, Al vacancy is more likely to be an effective candidate for acceptor defect than Ga vacancy. We further study several AlGaN/GaN interface passivation schemes by introducing F, V group element P, and III group element B at the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction interface to analyze the passivation mechanism. According to the results of the passivation models, B passivation of Ga and Al vacancies is an effective method to completely remove the defect states from Ga and Al vacancy defects. Combining the III and V groups elements into the passivated process may be effective in achieving high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterojunction interface for the future GaN-based HEMTs fabrication.
Adult Patients with Cancer Have Impaired Humoral Responses to Complete and Booster COVID-19 Vaccination, Especially Those with Hematologic Cancer on Active Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary Taking into consideration the high risk of patients with cancer for severe COVID-19 infection, prioritization has been given to primary prevention with both primary and booster vaccination. However, robust evidence for vaccination efficacy remains limited, due to the lack of available clinical trials including patients with active cancer. The rates of both humoral and cellular immune response remain rather vague, and they are mainly based on data deriving from retrospective studies of limited internal and external validity. We aimed to gather and analyze the current available literature on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination among patients with different types of malignancies receiving different treatments. Our results highlight that patients with cancer present suboptimal immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination, which is more prominent among patients with hematological malignancies. Abstract The exclusion of patients with cancer in clinical trials evaluating COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety, in combination with the high rate of severe infections, highlights the need for optimizing vaccination strategies. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published available data from prospective and retrospective cohort studies that included patients with either solid or hematological malignancies according to the PRISMA Guidelines. A literature search was performed in the following databases: Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, CENTRAL and Google Scholar. Overall, 70 studies were included for the first and second vaccine dose and 60 studies for the third dose. The Effect Size (ES) of the seroconversion rate after the first dose was 0.41 (95%CI: 0.33–0.50) for hematological malignancies and 0.56 (95%CI: 0.47–0.64) for solid tumors. The seroconversion rates after the second dose were 0.62 (95%CI: 0.57–0.67) for hematological malignancies and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.82–0.93) for solid tumors. After the third dose, the ES for seroconversion was estimated at 0.63 (95%CI: 0.54–0.72) for hematological cancer and 0.88 (95%CI: 0.75–0.97) for solid tumors. A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate potential factors affecting immune response. Production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was found to be more affected in patients with hematological malignancies, which was attributed to the type of malignancy and treatment with monoclonal antibodies according to the subgroup analyses. Overall, this study highlights that patients with cancer present suboptimal humoral responses after COVID-19 vaccination. Several factors including timing of vaccination in relevance with active therapy, type of therapy, and type of cancer should be considered throughout the immunization process.
β-Cyclodextrin Polymer-Based Fluorescence Enhancement Strategy via Host–Guest Interaction for Sensitive Assay of SARS-CoV-2

Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is an appropriate target for early determination of viral antigen-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We have found that β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP) has shown a significant fluorescence enhancement effect for fluorophore pyrene via host–guest interaction. Herein, we developed a sensitive and selective N protein-sensing method that combined the host–guest interaction fluorescence enhancement strategy with high recognition of aptamer. The DNA aptamer of N protein modified with pyrene at its 3′ terminal was designed as the sensing probe. The added exonuclease I (Exo I) could digest the probe, and the obtained free pyrene as a guest could easily enter into the hydrophobic cavity of host β-CDP, thus inducing outstanding luminescent enhancement. While in the presence of N protein, the probe could combine with it to form a complex owing to the high affinity between the aptamer and the target, which prevented the digestion of Exo I. The steric hindrance of the complex prevented pyrene from entering the cavity of β-CDP, resulting in a tiny fluorescence change. N protein has been selectively analyzed with a low detection limit (11.27 nM) through the detection of the fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the sensing of spiked N protein from human serum and throat swabs samples of three volunteers has been achieved. These results indicated that our proposed method has broad application prospects for early diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019.
Anaplasma Species in Ticks Infesting Mammals of Sardinia, Italy

Simple Summary Bacteria in the Anaplasma genus are intracellular parasites of mammal blood cells transmitted by ticks of genera Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. In this study, the presence of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum in ticks was molecularly confirmed in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Rhipicephalus bursa ticks, suggesting that these tick species are of importance in the transmission of potential zoonotic infections. Due to the nature of the Anaplasma species detected here, our results, together with data obtained to date in Sardinia, suggest that from a public health point of view, the potential zoonotic Anaplasma species should be further investigated in the island. Additional studies are needed to clarify whether these tick species can transmit these zoonotic bacteria both to human and animal hosts. Abstract Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that are recognized for their ability to vector a wide variety of pathogens of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and helminthic nature to vertebrate hosts. Among the different diseases transmitted by ticks, also called “Tick-Borne Diseases” (TBD), many are zoonotic. Pathogens of the genus Anaplasma refer to obligate intracellular bacteria within the Rickettsiales order transmitted mainly through tick bites and considered as well-established threats to domestic animals, livestock, and humans, worldwide. In this retrospective study, 156 ticks collected from twenty goats, one marten, and one cattle from several Sardinian sites, were examined by molecular analyses to detect the presence of Anaplasma species. A total of 10 (10/156; 6.4%) ticks were shown to be Anaplasma-positive by PCR screening. After sequence analyses, A. phagocytophilum was detected in four Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (3.3%) and four Rh. bursa (11%) ticks from goats, while one Rh. sanguineus s.l. (0.8%) and one Rh. bursa (2.8%) collected from the marten and cattle, respectively, exhibited 100% of identity with A. marginale strains. In this study, we provide the first description and molecular detection of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum in ticks of the Rhiphicephalus genus in Sardinia. Considering the growing impact of tick-borne Anaplasma pathogens on human health, further studies are necessary to monitor the prevalence of these pathogens in Sardinia.
Graphene Metasurface Inspired Cyanide Detecting Sensor With Encoding Capabilities of Two, Three, and Four Bits

In this article, we have proposed graphene metasurfaces capable of achieving an encoding of 4 bits. A graphene metasurface placed over a glass substrate is presented. The proposed graphene metasurface can also be applied for the detection of sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The detection capacity of all three graphene metasurface sensor (GMSS) structures has been investigated and the structure with higher functionality has been identified. In addition, the device as a sensor has been investigated based on several parameters, and it has been observed that the proposed device generates comparatively higher results. The proposed device has multifunctionality and can be employed either as a sensor or as an encoder. We claim that this is the first graphene metasurface inspired 4-bit encoding device as per the best of our knowledge and can be employed in various applications. The anti-counterfeiting, dynamic information encryption, information authentication, optical data storage, and other related fields stand to benefit greatly from the proposed tunable GMSS and its information encryption and anticounterfeiting applications.
A less conservative approach for the reconstruction of state and estimation of unknown inputs of a discrete nonlinear system

This paper presents a less conservative approach for the synthesis of a multiobserver able to estimate the states and unknown inputs of a discrete nonlinear system. The stabilization of the error observation is guaranteed by the use of the second Lyapunov approch. The stability conditions obtained are expressed in term of Linear Matrices Inequalities (LMI) and are got from the use of the Lyapunov quadratic functions in a first study and from the Lyapunov polyquadratic functions in a second study which appears less conservative and less constraining than the first. Illustrative examples are also presented in this paper.
Influence of Radiation on the Temperature Sensor Mounted on the Swiss Radiosonde

Abstract The Swiss radiosonde (SRS400) measures the air temperature with a very thin copper–constantan thermocouple. The influence of the visible and infrared radiation, as well as the dependency of the air pressure on the measured temperature, is analyzed. After a brief review of the heat transfer by convection, diffusion, and radiation, two independent ways of estimating the difference of temperature between the sensor of the sonde and its environment are presented: 1) laboratory experiments followed by 2) a statistical analysis of aerological soundings. Good agreement between theory, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses (based on day–night differences) was found. The overall influence of radiation amounts to about 0.8 K at 100 hPa (1.8 K at 10 hPa). At high altitude (low pressure), the heat transfer by diffusion equals the one by convection. Therefore, the diffusion term should not be neglected, as it is often reasonable for the larger sensors or at atmospheric pressure close to ground. As .
Evaluation of the Lorentz group Lie algebra map using the Baker-Cambell-Hausdorff formula

This paper presents a formulation of a numerical integrator for charged particles. The original idea of the integrator scheme was given several years ago. The main topics of this paper is the reformulation of the integrator as the Lorentz group Lie algebra map and modifications for practical use. Two numerical simulation examples, trapped electron motion in a cusp magnetic field and electron pendulum motion in the free electron laser (FEL), show the validity of this new formulation.