Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Waveform Optimizations Using Virtual Arrays in Broadband Radar Communications

This letter proposes a virtual-array-based waveform optimization scheme for broadband joint radar-communication systems. We first formulate a problem of minimizing Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of radar subject to communication constraints. To reduce the high complexity of directly solving the problem, we allocate the virtual arrays to users according to their communication thresholds and minimize the largest eigenvalue of the CRB matrix. Then, the optimization problem can be solved by semi-definite programming but the solutions are not always available. We finally propose a low-complexity solution that minimizes the CRB first and then transforms the optimization results to meet the constraints on communications. Simulation results are provided and verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
MODEL SELECTION FOR PENALIZED SPLINE SMOOTHING USING AKAIKE INFORMATION CRITERIA

Two different forms of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) are compared for selecting the smooth terms in penalized spline additive mixed models. The conditional AIC (cAIC) has been used traditionally as a criterion for both estimating penalty parameters and selecting covariates in smoothing, and is based on the conditional likelihood given the smooth mean and on the effective degrees of freedom for a model fit. By comparison, the marginal AIC (mAIC) is based on the marginal likelihood from the mixed‐model formulation of penalized splines which has recently become popular for estimating smoothing parameters. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the use of mAIC for selecting covariates for smoothing in additive models is new. In the competing models considered for selection, covariates may have a nonlinear effect on the response, with the possibility of group‐specific curves. Simulations are used to compare the performance of cAIC and mAIC in model selection settings that have correlated and hierarchical smooth terms. In moderately large samples, both formulations of AIC perform extremely well at detecting the function that generated the data. The mAIC does better for simple functions, whereas the cAIC is more sensitive to detecting a true model that has complex and hierarchical terms.
The new block pixel sort algorithm for TVC-encrypted medical image

Abstract To transfer the medical image from one place to another place or to store a medical image in a particular place with secure manner has become a challenge. In order to solve those problems, the medical image is encrypting and compressing before sending or saving at a place. In this paper, a new block pixel sort algorithm has been proposed for compressing the encrypted medical image. The encrypted medical image acts as an input for this compression process. During the compression, encrypted secret image E12(;) is compressed by the pixel block sort encoding (PBSE). The image is divided into four identical blocks, similar to 2×2 matrix. The minimum occurrence pixel(s) are found out from every block and the positions of the minimum occurrence pixel(s) are found using the verdict occurrence process. The pixel positions are shortened with the help of a shortening process. The features (symbols and shortened pixel positions) are extracted from each block and the extracted features are stored in a particular place, and the values of these features put together as a compressed medical image. The next process of PBSE is pixel block short decoding (PBSD) process. In the decoding process, there are nine steps involved while decompressing the compressed encrypted medical image. The feature extraction value of compressed information is found out from the feature extraction, the symbols are split and the positions are shortened in a separate manner. The position is retrieved from the rescheduled process and the symbols and reconstructed positions of the minimum occurrence pixels are taken block wise. Every symbol is placed based on the position in each block: if the minimum occurrence pixel is ‘0’, then the rest of the places are automatically allocated as ‘1’ or if the minimum occurrence pixel is ‘1’ the remaining place is automatically allocated as ‘0’. Both the blocks are merged as per order 2×2. The final output is the reconstructed encrypted medical image. From this compression method, we can achieve the high compression ratio, minimum time, less compression size and lossless compression, which are the things experimented and proved.
Characterization and application of 3D-printed phantoms for biophotonic imaging

The emerging technique of three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a simple, fast, and flexible way to fabricate structures with arbitrary spatial features and may prove useful in the development of standardized, phantom-based performance test methods for biophotonic imaging. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is commonly used in the printing process, given its low cost and strength. In this study, we evaluate 3D printing as an approach for fabricating biologically-relevant optical phantoms for hyperspectral reflectance imaging (HRI). The initial phase of this work involved characterization of absorption and scattering coefficients using spectrophotometry. The morphology of phantoms incorporating vessel-like channels with diameters on the order of hundreds of microns was examined by microscopy and OCT. A near-infrared absorbing dye was injected into channels located at a range of depths within the phantom and imaged with a near-infrared HRI system (650-1100 nm). ABS was found to have scattering coefficients comparable to biological tissue and low absorption throughout much of the visible and infrared range. Channels with dimensions on the order of the resolution limit of the 3D printer (~0.2 mm) exhibited pixelation effects as well as a degree of distortion along their edges. Furthermore, phantom porosity sometimes resulted in leakage from channel regions. Contrast-enhanced channel visualization with HRI was possible to a depth of nearly 1 mm – a level similar to that seen previously in biological tissue. Overall, our ABS phantoms demonstrated a high level of optical similarity to biological tissue. While limitations in printer resolution, matrix homogeneity and optical property tunability remain challenging, 3D printed phantoms have significant promise as samples for objective, quantitative evaluation of performance for biophotonic imaging modalities such as HRI.
Ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) noise reduction from horizontal and vertical components using harmonic–percussive separation algorithms

Abstract. Records from ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) are highly contaminated by noise, which is much stronger compared to data from most land stations, especially on the horizontal components. As a consequence, the high energy of the oceanic noise at frequencies below 1 Hz considerably complicates the analysis of the teleseismic earthquake signals recorded by OBSs. Previous studies suggested different approaches to remove low-frequency noises from OBS recordings but mainly focused on the vertical component. The records of horizontal components, which are crucial for the application of many methods in passive seismological analysis of body and surface waves, could not be much improved in the teleseismic frequency band. Here we introduce a noise reduction method, which is derived from the harmonic–percussive separation algorithms used in Zali et al. (2021), in order to separate long-lasting narrowband signals from broadband transients in the OBS signal. This leads to significant noise reduction of OBS records on both the vertical and horizontal components and increases the earthquake signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) without distortion of the broadband earthquake waveforms. This is demonstrated through tests with synthetic data. Both SNR and cross-correlation coefficients showed significant improvements for different realistic noise realizations. The application of denoised signals in surface wave analysis and receiver functions is discussed through tests with synthetic and real data.
Configural relations in humans and deep convolutional neural networks

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have attracted considerable interest as useful devices and as possible windows into understanding perception and cognition in biological systems. In earlier work, we showed that DCNNs differ dramatically from human perceivers in that they have no sensitivity to global object shape. Here, we investigated whether those findings are symptomatic of broader limitations of DCNNs regarding the use of relations. We tested learning and generalization of DCNNs (AlexNet and ResNet-50) for several relations involving objects. One involved classifying two shapes in an otherwise empty field as same or different. Another involved enclosure. Every display contained a closed figure among contour noise fragments and one dot; correct responding depended on whether the dot was inside or outside the figure. The third relation we tested involved a classification that depended on which of two polygons had more sides. One polygon always contained a dot, and correct classification of each display depended on whether the polygon with the dot had a greater number of sides. We used DCNNs that had been trained on the ImageNet database, and we used both restricted and unrestricted transfer learning (connection weights at all layers could change with training). For the same-different experiment, there was little restricted transfer learning (82.2%). Generalization tests showed near chance performance for new shapes. Results for enclosure were at chance for restricted transfer learning and somewhat better for unrestricted (74%). Generalization with two new kinds of shapes showed reduced but above-chance performance (≈66%). Follow-up studies indicated that the networks did not access the enclosure relation in their responses. For the relation of more or fewer sides of polygons, DCNNs showed successful learning with polygons having 3–5 sides under unrestricted transfer learning, but showed chance performance in generalization tests with polygons having 6–10 sides. Experiments with human observers showed learning from relatively few examples of all of the relations tested and complete generalization of relational learning to new stimuli. These results using several different relations suggest that DCNNs have crucial limitations that derive from their lack of computations involving abstraction and relational processing of the sort that are fundamental in human perception.
Inverse Problems for Time-Dependent Singular Heat Conductivities: Multi-Dimensional Case

We consider an inverse boundary value problem for the heat equation ∂ t u = div (γ∇ x u) in (0, T) × Ω, u = f on (0, T) × ∂Ω, u| t=0 = u 0, in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ n , n ≥ 2, where the heat conductivity γ(t, x) is piecewise constant and the surface of discontinuity depends on time: γ(t, x) = k 2 (x ∈ D(t)), γ(t, x) = 1 (x ∈ Ω∖D(t)). Fix a direction e* ∈ 𝕊 n−1 arbitrarily. Assuming that ∂D(t) is strictly convex for 0 ≤ t ≤ T, we show that k and sup {e*·x; x ∈ D(t)} (0 ≤ t ≤ T), in particular D(t) itself, are determined from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map : f → ∂ν u(t, x)|(0, T)×∂Ω. The knowledge of the initial data u 0 is not used in the proof. If we know min0≤t≤T (sup x∈D(t) x·e*), we have the same conclusion from the local Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Numerical examples of stationary and moving circles inside the unit disk are shown. The results have applications to nondestructive testing. Consider a physical body consisting of homogeneous material with constant heat conductivity except for a moving inclusion with different conductivity. Then the location and shape of the inclusion can be monitored from temperature and heat flux measurements performed at the boundary of the body. Such a situation appears for example in blast furnaces used in ironmaking.
Plane models for Riemann surfaces admitting certain half-canonical linear series. II

For r > 2, closed Riemann surfaces of genus 3r + 2 admitting two simple half-canonical linear series gr +1, h r+ I are characterized by the existence of certain plane models of degree 2r + 3 where the linear series are apparent. The plane curves have r 2 3-fold singularities, one (2r 1)-fold singularity Q, and two other double points (typically tacnodes) whose tangents pass through Q. The lines through Q cut out a g4 which is unique. The case where the g4 is the set of orbits of a noncycic group of automorphisms of order four is characterized by the existence of 3r + 3 pairs of half-canonical linear series of dimension r 1, where the sum of the two linear series in any pair is linearly equivalent to g3rr + h3r+ P
4d–4f emission resonances in laser-produced plasmas

Using targets containing compounds of the elements cesium through lutetium, we studied the spectra of laser-produced plasmas in the grazing-incidence region from 40 to 200 A. The spectra are characterized by strong regions of resonancelike emission extending typically over 9–18 eV. With increasing Z, the spectra show certain systematic variations in character and move monotonically toward shorter wavelengths. From a collisional-radiative plasma model, the ion stages responsible for the emission are identified as viii through xvi. The resonances are attributed to 4d–4f transitions that, because Δn = 0, tend to overlap for different ion stages of the same element.
Relationship between broadening of auditory filter bandwidth near 2 kHz and speech discrimination/identification of monosyllables /de/ and /ge/ by young and elderly Japanese listeners

and speech discrimination/identification of monosyllables /de/ and /ge/ by young and elderly Japanese listeners Keiichi Yasu ,, Takayuki Arai, Tatsunori Endoh, Kei Kobayashi and Mitsuko Shindo Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7–1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102–8554 Japan Section of Audiology, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, 261 Morrin Road, Glen Innes, Auckland, New Zealand Research Center for Communication Disorders, Sophia University, 7–1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102–8554 Japan
Pockel’s coefficient enhancement of poled electro-optic polymers with a hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gel cladding layer

Ultraefficient poling of electro-optic polymers is reported using an organically modified sol-gel cladding layer. This poling technique has resulted in a Pockel’s coefficient enhancement of up to a factor of 2.5, going from 26pm∕V when poled without a sol-gel cladding to 65pm∕V when optimally poled with a sol-gel cladding. The poling process directly applies to a previously reported hybrid electro-optic polymer/sol-gel waveguide modulator and may have applications in other poled polymer based devices.
Pregabalin and hyperbaric oxygen therapy on pain thresholds and anxio-depressive behaviors in a preclinical fibromyalgia pain model

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic, widespread pain disorder generally of a non-inflammatory nature with many known affective and cognitive comorbidities. There is promise in the implementation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) for alleviating FM pain and comorbidities, despite no work investigating the efficacy of this treatment in prominent preclinical FM models. This project aimed to investigate the affective components, specifically anhedonia and anxiety, associated with an acidic saline model of FM in rats. We investigated the acidic saline model's ability to produce the sensory component of FM through reduced mechanical thresholds, as well as anxiety-like and avoidance behaviors through measures of open field and place escape/avoidance. We further investigated the use of pregabalin, a known FM therapeutic agent, in reducing negative sensory and affective measures within the model. Results revealed insignificant between-group differences for measures of anxiety, despite animals in the FM condition showing significantly reduced mechanical thresholds. Results further revealed that the acidic saline model was effective in increasing place escape/avoidance behavior among animals in the FM condition, with pregabalin reducing avoidance behaviors. In addition, we investigated the role of HBO2 [two 60-minute treatments at 2.0 ATA (atmospheres absolute)] in alleviating FM-like pain, anxiety, and anhedonia in the acidic saline model, utilizing mechanical paw withdrawal thresholds, open field, and sucrose preference measures. Results revealed that the acidic saline model produced reduced thresholds indicative of FM-like pain. Data did not provide support for the presence of anxio-depressive comorbidities associated with the FM model. HBO2 treatment did not significantly increase mechanical thresholds as expected. Future studies should seek to investigate the experimental circumstances within which the acidic saline model produces negative affect alongside hyperalgesia in order to contribute to the development of a multidimensional FM treatment methodology.
Micro-assembly using optically controlled bubble microrobots

Bubbles controlled by optically induced heating were made to function as novel microrobots for micromanipulation and micro-assembly. Using light patterns generated by a commercial computer projector, bubble microrobots were controlled and used to manipulate glass microbeads and perform the micro-assembly of micro-blocks and cell-encapsulating hydrogel beads. Two manipulation modes, pulling and pushing, were used to move micro-objects into place and manipulate glass beads with a velocity of up to 350 μm/s. The simultaneous independent control of three bubble robots was also demonstrated.
Brassica napus Plants Gain Improved Salt-Stress Tolerance and Increased Storage Oil Biosynthesis by Interfering with CRL3BPM Activities

Generating new strategies to improve plant performance and yield in crop plants becomes increasingly relevant with ongoing and predicted global climate changes. E3 ligases that function as key regulators within the ubiquitin proteasome pathway often are involved in abiotic stress responses, development, and metabolism in plants. The aim of this research was to transiently downregulate an E3 ligase that uses BTB/POZ-MATH proteins as substrate adaptors in a tissue-specific manner. Interfering with the E3 ligase at the seedling stage and in developing seeds results in increased salt-stress tolerance and elevated fatty acid levels, respectively. This novel approach can help to improve specific traits in crop plants to maintain sustainable agriculture.
Social media interventions for autistic individuals: Systematic review

Background Research on the use of digital technologies for delivering behavioral interventions has shown mixed evidence on their efficacy for improving both autistic symptoms and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Little knowledge exists on the specific use or efficacy of using social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals. Objective To review and describe the current existing evidence-based research on the use of social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals. Methods A search was conducted across 8 databases (PubMed; EMBASE; Cochrane Library; PsycInfo; ERIC; Education Source; Web of Science; and IEEE Xplore). We included primary studies and reviews that dealt with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); described interventions that use social media; and reported results from the intervention. The quality of the evidence of the included primary studies was graded according to the GRADE criteria, and the risk of bias in systematic reviews was assessed by drawing on the AMSTAR guidelines. Results were synthesized and sorted by quality of evidence. Results A total of nine articles were included in this review: eight primary studies (five non-randomized interventions and three randomized interventions) and one systematic review. The total number of participants with an ASD-diagnosis in the included studies was 164 (aged 5 to 22 years old). Studies weighted as being of moderate quality of evidence have reported significant positive effects in the groups that received the social media interventions: increased social engagement and participation in life situations; increased physical activity level; increased improvement on occupational performance, specified goals, and behavioral problems; and decreased plaque scores coupled with parent reports of intervention success. None of the studies have reported any negative effects linked to social media interventions. Conclusion There is very little evidence of good quality on the use of social media in interventions aimed at autistic individuals. While there is a need for more high-quality studies, all the included studies, with one exception found positive results of the interventions. These findings are encouraging, suggesting that social media-based interventions may in fact be useful for supporting behavioral changes in autistic individuals. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. php? RecordID=337185, identifier CRD42022337185.
The Effect-Size Benchmark That Matters Most: Education Interventions Often Fail

It is a healthy exercise to debate the merits of using effect-size benchmarks to interpret research findings. However, these debates obscure a more central insight that emerges from empirical distributions of effect-size estimates in the literature: Efforts to improve education often fail to move the needle. I find that 36% of effect sizes from randomized control trials of education interventions with standardized achievement outcomes are less than 0.05 SD. Publication bias surely masks many more failed efforts from our view. Recognizing the frequency of these failures should be at the core of any approach to interpreting the policy relevance of effect sizes. We can aim high without dismissing as trivial those effects sizes that represent more incremental improvement.
A Detailed Analysis of the Dynamical State of the Cluster of Galaxies A2218 in X-Rays

We reanalyze ROSAT PSPC and HRI data of the cluster of galaxies A2218 in order to investigate its dynamical state. To reveal the cluster's substructure in X-rays, we construct symmetric cluster models by fitting a two-dimensional isothermal β-model, which we subsequently subtract from the original data. Study of the remaining structures and their significance gives new insight into existing substructure, and therefore indications concerning the dynamical state of the cluster, which has not yet been clearly visualized in X-rays. The present analysis enables us not only to qualitatively determine the dynamical state of the clusters, but also to draw conclusions about the significance of existing substructure in giving real numbers. A2218 reveals significant structure after the subtraction, providing clear evidence that it is going through a merger phase. The X-ray morphology is in agreement with the surface mass density map obtained by analysis based on weak lensing. The subgroup falling in the center of A2218 is most likely on its first infall.
Strain-wave shapes in rock near explosions

The shapes of displacement, velocity, acceleration and strain‐wave pulses in solid elastic media near a spherical cavity in which the applied pressure pulse is of the general form p=p0[e-αt-e-βt] have been calculated. The computed strain‐wave pulse shapes at various distances from the cavity are compared with typical experimentally recorded strain‐wave pulses and are shown to have similar characteristics. The shapes of the wave pulses, that is, the rise time, pulse width, etc., are shown to be functions of the applied pressure pulse, the distance from the cavity and the properties of the solid medium.