Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution of 3D time-domain electromagnetic problems using optimal subspace projection

ABSTRACTTime-domain problems for controlled-source electromagnetic exploration require accurate discretization of the solution for multiple spacial and temporal scales. Therefore, forward simulation using conventional computational methods becomes computationally expensive, even without accounting for induced-polarization (IP) effects. These effects create another complication caused by the presence of a convolution integral in the time-domain Maxwell system. We suggested a novel, fast, and robust algorithm to solve the 3D time-domain electromagnetic (EM) problems that can be considered as a generalization of the spectral Lanczos decomposition method. The new method also allowed us to incorporate the IP effects without significant cost increase. The discretized large-scale Maxwell system was projected onto a small subspace consisting of the Laplace-domain solutions (the so-called parameter-dependent Krylov subspace) for an optimally chosen set of Laplace parameters. The projected system preserved stabilit.
A Bayesian Non‐parametric Approach to Survival Analysis Using Polya Trees

This paper presents a Bayesian non‐parametric approach to survival analysis based on arbitrarily right censored data. The analysis is based on posterior predictive probabilities using a Polya tree prior distribution on the space of probability measures on [0, ∞). In particular we show that the estimate generalizes the classical Kaplanndash;Meier non‐parametric estimator, which is obtained in the limiting case as the weight of prior information tends to zero.
Vibrational excitation of water by low-energy electron scattering: Calculations and experiments

Vibrationally inelastic cross-sections of the water molecule by low-energy electron collisions are computed by solving the rigorous vibrational coupled channel (VCC) equations within a body-fixed (BF) formulation. The results have been obtained down to very low energies above the threshold openings for the three normal modes of the target. A comparison with existing experiments, and with the most recent calculations, clearly shows the good agreement with measurements achieved by our present results, especially at collision energies of less than 1 eV never analysed in previous work.
An analytic and computer study of the jump phenomenon in ferroresonant regulators

At certain ac input levels, discontinuous jumps appear in the ferroresonant regulator's steady-state output-versus-input characteristic. The conditions are derived under which this action, known as jump resonance, can occur. The describing function method of nonlinear system analysis is used to derive the range of circuit parameters in which the jump can occur. It is found that the conditions for the jump can be expressed in terms of the values of the linear energy storage elements and the character of the non-linearity, and that there exists a unit circle in the Nyquist plane which must be avoided to assure the nonoccurrence of the jump. The theoretical analysis is supplemented with a computer study of the circuit using an analog computer simulation program.
Sabahia polypodii gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Evacantihinae) and its Phylogenetic Position within the Nirvanini Tribe

In this paper, a new genus Sabahia Walczak & Gębicki with a new species Sabahia polypodii Walczak & Gębicki within the tribe Nirvanini is described. It originates from Sabah Province on Borneo (Malaysia, Sabah) and is most closely related to Decursusnirvana Gao & Zhang and Sinonirvana Gao & Zhang. It differs from these genera primarily with regard to the morphology of the male genitalia. Although it shows some resemblance to representatives of the genus Chudania Distant in the structure of the aedeagus, it can be clearly separated from this genus by the absence of a median carina from the facial part of the head. Details of the external morphology, as well as those of the male and female genitalia are documented (including scanning microscopy images). In addition, the phylogenetic relationships of several species within the subfamily Evacanthinae and related groups are discussed, based on comparative analyses of the genetic sequences for histone (H3) and the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome oxidase c (COI).
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FLARING LOOPS OBSERVED BY NOBEYAMA RADIOHELIOGRAPH. I. COMPARISON OF LOOPTOP AND FOOTPOINTS

Twenty-four events with looplike structures at 17 and 34 GHz are selected from the flare list of Nobeyama Radioheliograph. We obtained the brightness temperatures at 17 and 34 GHz, the polarization degrees at 17 GHz, and the power-law spectral indices at the radio peak time for one looptop (LT) and two footpoints (FPs) of each event. We also calculated the magnetic field strengths and the column depths of nonthermal electrons in the LT and FPs of each event, using the equations modified from the gyrosynchrotron equations by Dulk. The main statistical results from those data are summarized as follows. (1) The spectral indices, the brightness temperatures at 17 and 34 GHz, the polarization degrees at 17 GHz, the calculated magnetic field strengths, and the calculated column densities of nonthermal electrons are always positively correlated between the LT and the two FPs of the selected events. (2) About one-half of the events have the brightest LT at 17 and 34 GHz. (3) The spectral indices in the two FPs are larger (softer) than those in the corresponding LT in most events. (4) The calculated magnetic field strengths in the two FPs are always larger than those in the corresponding LT. (5) Most of the events have the same positive or negative polarization sense in the LT and the two FPs. (6) The brightness temperatures at 17 and 34 GHz in each of the LT and the two FPs statistically decrease with their spectral indices and the calculated magnetic field strengths, but increase with their calculated column densities of nonthermal electrons. Moreover, we try to discuss the possible causes of the present statistical results.
LPS-Induced Liver Injury of Magang Geese through Toll-like Receptor and MAPK Signaling Pathway

Simple Summary LPS is one of the main virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria. In the breeding process of geese, due to the influence of environmental factors, harmful bacteria easily breed in the water body, resulting in an increase in the concentration of LPS in the goose. The liver has an important function of clearing LPS, but excess LPS can induce liver damage, resulting in a reduced production performance for the goose. In our study, we found that LPS induces inflammatory damage in the liver. Further, through transcriptome sequencing analysis, we screened 727 differentially expressed genes for LPS-induced liver injury, and we performed enrichment analysis. The results showed that LPS-induced liver injury in geese may be the result of the joint action of Toll-like receptor, MAPK, NOD-like receptor, FoxO, and PPAR signaling pathway. Among them, the TLR7-mediated MAPK signaling pathway plays a major role. Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the main virulence factors of Gram-negative bacteria. In the process of waterfowl breeding, an inflammatory reaction due to LPS infection is easily produced, which leads to a decline in waterfowl performance. The liver plays a vital role in the immune response and the removal of toxic components. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of liver injury induced by LPS in goose. In this study, a total of 100 1-day-old goslings were randomly divided into a control group and LPS group after 3 days of pre-feeding. On days 21, 23, and 25 of the formal experiment, the control group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL normal saline, and the LPS group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS 2 mg/(kg body weight) once a day. On day 25 of the experiment, liver samples were collected 3 h after the injection of saline and LPS. The results of histopathology and biochemical indexes showed that the livers of the LPS group had liver morphological structure destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the levels of ALT and AST were increased. Next, RNA sequencing analysis was used to determine the abundances and characteristics of the transcripts, as well as the associated somatic mutations and alternative splicing. We screened 727 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with p < 0.05 and |log2(Fold Change)| ≥ 1, as the thresholds; GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that LPS-induced liver injury may be involved in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, FoxO, and PPAR signaling pathway. Finally, we intersected the genes enriched in the key pathway of LPS-induced liver injury with the top 50 key genes in protein–protein interaction networks to obtain 28 more critical genes. Among them, 17 genes were enriched in Toll-like signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, these results suggest that LPS-induced liver injury in geese may be the result of the joint action of Toll-like receptor, MAPK, NOD-like receptor, FoxO, and PPAR signaling pathway. Among them, the TLR7-mediated MAPK signaling pathway plays a major role.
Thermal and transport properties of the Heusler-type Fe2 VAl1-x Gex (0?x?0.20) alloys: Effect of doping on lattice thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient

We report on the thermoelectric properties of the Heusler-type ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{VAl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{x}$ alloys with compositions $0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.20$. While ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}\mathrm{VAl}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(x=0)$ exhibits a semiconductorlike behavior in electrical resistivity, a slight substitution of Ge for Al causes a significant decrease in the low-temperature resistivity and a large enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient, reaching $\ensuremath{-}130\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{K}$ for $x=0.05$ at around room temperature. Comparison with the ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{VAl}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{x}$ system demonstrates that the compositional variation of the Seebeck coefficient falls on a universal curve irrespective of the doping elements (Ge and Si), both of which are isoelectronic elements. The net effect of doping is most likely to cause a rigid-bandlike shift of the Fermi level from the central region in the pseudogap. In spite of a similar decrease in the electrical resistivity with composition of Ge and Si, the thermal conductivity decreases more rapidly for the Ge substitution. It is concluded that doping of heavier atoms such as Ge reduces more effectively the lattice thermal conductivity while retaining the low electrical resistivity as well as the large Seebeck coefficient.
Band-stop magnetostatic waves micromachined resonators

Band-stop magnetostatic wave (MSW) resonators based on microstrip transducers realized on low-resistivity silicon (LRS) wafers and on micromachined silicon membranes have been studied. Frequency tunable MSW straight edge resonators made of yttrium–iron–garnet film have been used as selective frequency components. The frequency tunability ranged between 5 and 7.5 GHz for bulk devices and between 3.5 and 9.5 GHz for the membrane supported ones, with better rejection and wider bandwidth with respect to the bulk configuration. From measurements of the transmission parameter suppression of more than 20 dB of high-order modes and a rejection ratio better than 20 dB for the membrane supported resonators have been obtained. As a result, the possibility to manufacture microwave resonators characterized by high rejection ratios on low-cost, LRS membranes is demonstrated.
Research of the Process of Purification of Sulfate Zinc Solution from Iron Ions Using Anodic Oxidation

The possibility of using a membrane electrolytic cell for the electrochemical oxidation of Fe(II) and purification from impurities of real industrial solutions obtained by atmospheric leaching of low-grade zinc concentrates is considered. The average indicators for carrying out the electrooxidation process are given. The principal possibility of conditioning a zinc sulfate solution by hydrolytic purification with preliminary oxidation of iron in a membrane electrolytic cell with an anion-exchange membrane MA-41 TU 2255-062-05761695-2009 is considered. Carrying out direct electrooxidation of iron (II) in sulfate zinc solutions in the anode chamber of a flow membrane electrolyzer ensures good filterability of precipitates after hydrolytic precipitation of iron, since this solution does not contain Fe(II) ions, the presence of which leads to significant difficulties in the operations of separating solid and liquid phases. This makes it possible to exclude the thickening operation from the technological scheme. The degree of oxidation of iron during the test period was 99.8–99.9%. The residual concentration of iron after precipitation from solutions obtained after electrochemical oxidation in the form of oxide and hydroxide compounds was less than 0.01 g/dm3.
Solar atlas revised

Context. Present knowledge of the solar spectrum is limited because it is very difficult to observe the integrated solar spectrum at high resolution. The reflected solar light from asteroids has been shown to provide a relatively straightforward integrated and unmodified solar spectrum. Aims. We exploit this methodology to improve our knowledge of solar photospheric line positions both in terms of line number and precision with respect to the available solar line atlas. Methods. We used the DAOSPEC program to measure solar line positions automatically in high signal-to-noise spectra of Ceres obtained with HARPS at the 3.6 m ESO telescope. The line positions were then verified with the solar HARPS spectra of Ganymede and daylight as well as with a new FTS solar spectra. Results. A new atlas with 2334 lines in the range 4000−6859 A is provided. The new atlas is consistent with that based on FTS solar spectra but the new line list improves the precision of individual lines by at least a factor 3−5. Conclusions. The new atlas provides a benchmark for 3D models of the solar photosphere and can be used to trace possible line drifts related to solar activity or to calibrate space and ground spectrographs.
Snow Surface Microbial Diversity at the Detection Limit within the Vicinity of the Concordia Station, Antarctica

The Concordia Research Station provides a unique location for preparatory activities for future human journey to Mars, to explore microbial diversity at subzero temperatures, and monitor the dissemination of human-associated microorganisms within the pristine surrounding environment. Amplicon sequencing was leveraged to investigate the microbial diversity of surface snow samples collected monthly over a two-year period, at three distances from the Station (10, 500, and 1000 m). Even when the extracted total DNA was below the detection limit, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was successfully performed on all samples, while 18S rRNA was amplified on 19 samples out of 51. No significant relationships were observed between microbial diversity and seasonality (summer or winter) or distance from the Concordia base. This suggested that if present, the anthropogenic impact should have been below the detectable limit. While harboring low microbial diversity, the surface snow samples were characterized by heterogeneous microbiomes. Ultimately, our study corroborated the use of DNA sequencing-based techniques for revealing microbial presence in remote and hostile environments, with implications for Planetary Protection during space missions and for life-detection in astrobiology relevant targets.
Bioanalytical Assay Strategies and Considerations for Measuring Cellular Kinetics

A vast evolution of drug modalities has occurred over the last several decades. Novel modalities such as cell and gene therapies have proven to be efficacious for numerous clinical indications–primarily in rare disease and immune oncology. Because of this success, drug developers are heavily investing in these novel modalities. Given the complexity of these therapeutics, a variety of bioanalytical techniques are employed to fully characterize the pharmacokinetics of these therapies in clinical studies. Industry trends indicate that quantitative PCR (qPCR) and multiparameter flow cytometry are both valuable in determining the pharmacokinetics, i.e. cellular kinetics, of cell therapies. This manuscript will evaluate the pros and cons of both techniques and highlight regulatory guidance on assays for measuring cellular kinetics. Moreover, common considerations when developing these assays will be addressed.
The unexpected effects of dayli- ght-saving time: Traffic accidents in Mexican municipalities Los efectos inesperados del horario de verano: Accidentes de tránsito en mu- nicipios mexicanos

* Hugo Salas Rodriguez, Recidiviz, e-mail: hugo@recidiviz.org. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-9498. ** Pedro I. Hancevic, Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), México; Universidad Panamericana Campus Aguascalientes, México; and Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), Argentina, e-mail: pedro.hancevic@cide.edu. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-6378. Abstract Objective: Several countries implement the daylight saving time (DST) policy for energy saving purposes. However, by artificially changing the distribution of daylight, this practice can have unforeseen effects. The objective of this work is to measure the impact of DST on road accidents in Mexico. Methodology: Using hourly data, two empirical strategies are used: regression discontinuity (RDD) and difference-in-differences (DD). Results: The main finding is that DST significantly reduces the total number of accidents in metropolitan areas. However, there are no clear effects on the number of fatal accidents. Limitations/Implications: DST is implemented regardless of demand conditions and the economic cycle. Seasonal changes in prices and production can be difficult to capture before and after the time change. We introduce variables that mitigate the (potential) identification problem. Originality: this is the only study measuring these effects in Mexico (and one of the few with data from emerging countries). Conclusions: The DST is currently being discussed in Mexico, and our study offers a more comprehensive evaluation of the policy, not only from the standpoint of energy efficiency.
Identification of Hazard and Socio-Demographic Patterns of Dengue Infections in a Colombian Subtropical Region from 2015 to 2020: Cox Regression Models and Statistical Analysis

Dengue is a disease of high interest for public health in the affected localities. Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes species and presents hyperendemic behaviors in tropical and subtropical regions. Colombia is one of the countries most affected by the dengue virus in the Americas. Its central-west region is a hot spot in dengue transmission, especially the Department of Antioquia, which has suffered from multiple dengue outbreaks in recent years (2015–2016 and 2019–2020). In this article, we perform a retrospective analysis of the confirmed dengue cases in Antioquia, discriminating by both subregions and dengue severity from 2015 to 2020. First, we conduct an exploratory analysis of the epidemic data, and then a statistical survival analysis is carried out using a Cox regression model. Our findings allow the identification of the hazard and socio-demographic patterns of dengue infections in the Colombian subtropical region of Antioquia from 2015 to 2020.
The impact of changes in the fundamental drivers of trade – Productivity, trade costs, and trade policies

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii Acronyms and abbreviations ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� vii Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 1� Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3 Chapter 2 Analytical framework . 5 2 � Analytical framework ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7 2�1 Productivity gap scenarios ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 2�2 Improving infrastructure and institutions scenarios ����������������������������������������������������������������������11 2�3 Global and regional integration scenarios �������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Chapter 3 Model . 13 3� Model ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Chapter 4 Data . 19 4� Data ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21 Chapter 5 Results . 23 5� Results ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 5�1 Productivity gap ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26 5�2 Improving infrastructure and institutions ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 5�3 Global and regional integration ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������36 Chapter 6 Conclusions . 43 6 � Conclusions ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 REFERENCES . 47
FAST satellite observations of electric field structures in the auroral zone

Electric field and energetic particle observations by the Fast Auroral Snapshot (FAST) satellite provide convincing evidence of particle acceleration by quasi‐static, magnetic‐field‐aligned (parallel) electric fields in both the upward and downward current regions of the auroral zone. We demonstrate this by comparing the inferred parallel potentials of electrostatic shocks with particle energies. We also report nonlinear electric field structures which may play a role in supporting parallel electric fields. These structures include large‐amplitude ion cyclotron waves in the upward current region, and intense, spiky electric fields in the downward current region. The observed structures had substantial parallel components and correlative electron flux modulations. Observations of parallel electric fields in two distinct plasmas suggest that parallel electric fields may be a fundamental particle acceleration mechanism in astrophysical plasmas.
Accurate Evaluation of the Loss Coefficient and the Entrance Length of the Inlet Region of a Channel

Evaluations of loss coefﬁcient and entrance length in the inlet region of a channel arepresented. Correlations and numerical values of these quantities are provided for Rey-nolds number ranging from 0.01 to 2200. The results provide an accurate benchmark forengineering design. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1493813#
Modifications of QIC and CIC for Selecting a Working Correlation Structure in the Generalized Estimating Equation Method

The generalized estimating equation (GEE) method is a popular method for analyzing longitudinal data. An inappropriate specification of the working correlation structure reduces the effciency of the GEE estimation. Pan (2001a) and Hin and Wang (2009) proposed a quasi-likelihood under the independence model criterion (QIC) and a correlation information criterion (CIC) for selecting a proper working correlation structure, respectively. In this study, we proposed modifications to the QIC and CIC using the variance estimators of the GEE with improved small-sample properties. In a simulation study, the performance of the modified QIC and CIC was better than that of the original QIC and CIC. The modified methods were illustrated using the data for an air pollution study.