Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of a QTL region for ashy stem blight resistance using genome-wide association and linage analysis in common bean recombinant inbred lines derived from BAT 477 and NY6020-4

Ashy stem blight (ASB), caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich is an important disease of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). It is important to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ASB resistance and introgress into susceptible cultivars of the common bean. The objective of this research was to identify QTL and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with ASB resistance in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross between BAT 477 and NY6020-4 common bean. One hundred and twenty-six F6:7 RIL were phenotyped for ASB in the greenhouse. Disease severity was scored on a scale of 1–9. Genotyping was performed using whole genome resequencing with 2x common bean genome size coverage, and over six million SNPs were obtained. After being filtered, 72,017 SNPs distributed on 11 chromosomes were used to conduct the genome-wide association study (GWAS) and QTL mapping. A novel QTL region of ~4.28 Mbp from 35,546,329 bp to 39,826,434 bp on chromosome Pv03 was identified for ASB resistance. The two SNPs, Chr03_39824257 and Chr03_39824268 located at 39,824,257 bp and 39,824,268 bp on Pv03, respectively, were identified as the strongest markers associated with ASB resistance. The gene Phvul.003G175900 (drought sensitive, WD repeat-containing protein 76) located at 39,822,021 – 39,824,655 bp on Pv03 was recognized as one candidate for ASB resistance in the RIL, and the gene contained the two SNP markers. QTL and SNP markers may be used to select plants and lines for ASB resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS) in common bean breeding.
Spectrally assisted target tracking

There has been interest in overhead tracking of automobiles on our roadways using optical sensors. Tracking of multiple vehicles can be accomplished with a single band high-resolution sensor as long as the vehicles are continuously in view. However, in many cases the vehicles pass through or behind blackouts, such as through tunnels or behind tall buildings. In these cases, the vehicles of interest must be reacquired and recognized from the collection of vehicles present after the blackout. The approach considered here is to add an additional sensor to assist a single band high-resolution tracking sensor, where the adjunct sensor measures the vehicle signatures for recognition and reacquisition. The subject of this paper is the recognition of targets of interest amongst the observed objects and the reacquisition after a blackout. A Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) algorithm is compared with the Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Euclidian distance algorithms. All three algorithms were evaluated on a database of signatures created by measuring samples from old automobile gas doors. The GLRT was the most successful in recognizing the target after a blackout and could achieve a 95% correct reacquisition rate. The results show the feasibility of using a hyper spectral sensor to assist a multi target tracking sensor by providing target recognition for reacquisition.
Android Malware Classification by CNN-LSTM

Mobile devices play a crucial role and have become an essential part of people's life particularly with online applications such as shopping, learning, mailing, etc. Android OS has continued to drive the market for other operating systems since 2012. Traditional Android malware detection methods, such as static, dynamic, hybrid analysis, or the Bayesian model, may show less accuracy to detect recent Android malware. We propose a deep learning method for Android malware detection using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). CNN provides efficient feature extraction from data and the use of additional LSTM layers improves prediction accuracy. According to the test results, CNN-LSTM can provide reliable malware prediction in Android applications. We train and test our approach using the CICMalDroid2020 dataset. The test results show that the CNN-LSTM classifier exceeds with an accuracy of 94%.
Exploring the Impact of a Family-Focused, Gender-Transformative Intervention on Adolescent Girls’ Well-Being in a Humanitarian Context

While family functioning interventions show promise for improving adolescent girls’ well-being in humanitarian contexts, few programs employ a gender-transformative approach to maximize benefits for adolescent girls. This paper presents findings from a mixed-methods pilot evaluation of a whole-family, gender-transformative intervention conducted with Syrian refugee families in Jordan. The Siblings Support of Adolescent Girls in Emergencies program was implemented with 60 Syrian refugee households in Azraq and Za’atari camps in Jordan. A quantitative survey was administered to 18 households at baseline and endline, and researchers conducted qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with caregivers, paired interviews and participatory discussions with adolescents, and key informant interviews with program mentors. Paired t-tests revealed statistically significant improvements in mental distress, resilience, and gender equitable attitudes in the full sample and for girls only and marginally significant improvements in family functioning. Qualitative findings revealed improvements in four domains of girls’ well-being—self-efficacy, self-confidence, pro-social behavior, and mental health—through three primary pathways: family members’ increased gender equitable attitudes, healthier intrahousehold communication, and greater affective involvement. Findings from this mixed-methods evaluation point to the potential value in merging gender-transformative and whole-family approaches in humanitarian programming to maximize positive impacts for adolescent girls.
Anisotropic Polarization and Piezoelectricity of KBa2Nb5O15 Ceramics Derived from Pressureless Sintering

The piezoelectric properties of tetragonal tungsten-bronze (TB) KBa2Nb5O15 ceramics derived from pressureless sintering have been evaluated. Two kinds of samples were prepared by cutting parallel (Sample A) and perpendicular (Sample B) to the uniaxial pressing direction. For Sample A, columnar KBa2Nb5O15 grains with their longitudinal direction matching the c-axis, which is the direction of spontaneous polarization in the TB structure, were oriented relative to the direction of the applied electric field. As a result, Sample A demonstrated higher ferroelectric remanent polarization and piezoelectric properties than Sample B. When Sample A was electrically poled under a field of 35 kV/cm at 150 °C, an electromechanical coupling ratio (kt) of 0.436 and a piezoelectric constant (d33) of 36 pC/N were obtained.
Micro-Raman Analysis of Sperm Cells on Glass Slide: Potential Label-Free Assessment of Sperm DNA toward Clinical Applications

Routine assessment of sperm DNA integrity involves the time-consuming and complex process of staining sperm chromatin. Here, we report a Raman spectroscopy method combined with extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) for the extraction of characteristic fingerprints of DNA-intact and DNA-damaged sperm cells directly on glass slides. Raman results of sperm cell DNA integrity on glass substrates were validated one-to-one with clinical sperm cell staining. Although the overall Raman spectral pattern showed considerable similarity between DNA-damaged and DNA-intact sperm cells, differences in specific Raman spectral responses were observed. We then employed and compared multivariate statistical analysis based on principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and the classifications were validated by leave-one-out-cross-validation (LOOCV) and k-fold cross-validation methods. In comparison, the PLS-DA model showed relatively better results in terms of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and the classification rate between the sperm DNA damaged group and the DNA intact group. Our results demonstrate the potential of Raman based label-free DNA assessment of sperm cell on glass substrates as a simple method toward clinical applications.
Development of Predictive Models for Survival among Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia

Prediction of survival probabilities based on models developed by other countries has shown inconsistent findings among Malaysian patients. This study aimed to develop predictive models for survival among women with breast cancer in Malaysia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients who were diagnosed between 2012 and 2016 in seven breast cancer centres, where their survival status was followed until 31 December 2021. A total of 13 predictors were selected to model five-year survival probabilities by applying Cox proportional hazards (PH), artificial neural networks (ANN), and decision tree (DT) classification analysis. The random-split dataset strategy was used to develop and measure the models’ performance. Among 1006 patients, the majority were Malay, with ductal carcinoma, hormone-sensitive, HER2-negative, at T2-, N1-stage, without metastasis, received surgery and chemotherapy. The estimated five-year survival rate was 60.5% (95% CI: 57.6, 63.6). For Cox PH, the c-index was 0.82 for model derivation and 0.81 for validation. The model was well-calibrated. The Cox PH model outperformed the DT and ANN models in most performance indices, with the Cox PH model having the highest accuracy of 0.841. The accuracies of the DT and ANN models were 0.811 and 0.821, respectively. The Cox PH model is more useful for survival prediction in this study’s setting.
SF-MVPA: A from raw data to statistical results and surface space-based MVPA toolbox

Compared with traditional volume space-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), surface space-based MVPA has many advantages and has received increasing attention. However, surface space-based MVPA requires considerable programming and is therefore difficult for people without a programming foundation. To address this, we developed a MATLAB toolbox based on a graphical interactive interface (GUI) called surface space-based multivariate pattern analysis (SF-MVPA) in this manuscript. Unlike the traditional MVPA toolboxes, which often only include MVPA calculation processes after data preprocessing, SF-MVPA covers the complete pipeline of surface space-based MVPA, including raw data format conversion, surface reconstruction, functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data preprocessing, comparative analysis, surface space-based MVPA, leave one-run out cross validation, and family-wise error correction. With SF-MVPA, users can complete the complete pipeline of surface space-based MVPA without programming. In addition, SF-MVPA is designed for parallel computing and hence has high computational efficiency. After introducing SF-MVPA, we analyzed a sample dataset of tonal working memory load. By comparison with another surface space-based MVPA toolbox named CoSMoMVPA, we found that the two toolboxes obtained consistent results. We hope that through this toolbox, users can more easily implement surface space-based MVPA.
The slope conjecture for Montesinos knots

The slope conjecture relates the degree of the colored Jones polynomial of a knot to boundary slopes of essential surfaces. We develop a general approach that matches a state-sum formula for the colored Jones polynomial with the parameters that describe surfaces in the complement. We apply this to Montesinos knots proving the slope conjecture for Montesinos knots, with some restrictions.
Does mass really depend on velocity, dad?

Relativistic mass is discussed in both a pedagogical and historical context. It is pointed out that its introduction into the theory of special relativity was much in the way of a historical accident. Gaining widespread use initially in instruction, the use of relativistic mass is showing signs of progressive disfavor. An analysis and criticism of the various ways relativistic mass is used in relativity is detailed and special attention is given to the frequent misuse of relativistic mass as an inertia.
ACM Check Dams in Concrete Gutters for Recirculation Filters of Wastewater from Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Aquaculture in Southern Thailand

Theresearch was aimed to recirculate the treated wastewater from Whiteleg shrimpfarms in following each other without interruptionby using concrete gutters containing ACM (Assembled ConstructedMaterials) check dams as the filters. Among the 2-inch diameter ofchipped-assembled-constructed materials, the ACM-Brick filterwas the most effective rather thanroof-tile, blocked cement, and rock, respectively. Three ACM-Brick check damswith 5-m space between them were indicated as 47.3 % treatment efficiencytogether with flow rates of 600 to 900 L/hr, and up to more 65 % and 85 % forfourth and fifth ACM-Brick checkdams while the first and second dams found13.0 % to 28.4 % efficiencies. Seemingly, irrespectiveof employing brick, roof-tile, blocked cement, or rock for constructing the ACM check dam was installedin concrete gutters with the size of 1-mwidth, 0.5-m depth, and more or less 20-m length that could be served needs inrecirculation aquaculture of Whitelegshrimps to gain satisfied benefits.Culturing Whiteleg shrimps in 3-sq.m. and 3-cu.m. concrete gutterscontaining only one of 0.5-sq.m. and 1-depth ACM-Brick filters by RCB design for 4 treatments (culturing shrimpdensities) and 3 replications found the density of 105 juveniles/3m2(6,606 kg/ha) with the most harvested-added weight 2,710 kg/ha (69.55 % of beginning weight), anddecreasing after increasing the density of 6,720, 8,371, and 11,382 kg/ha incorresponding to harvested-added weight 65.29 %, 46.36 %, and 42.33 %,respectively. The findings also informed that flow rate of 720 L/hr indicatedsomewhat high effective influences ondecreasing of water temperature, salinity, pH, DO, EC, alkalinity, TDS, BOD, NH4-N,NO2-N, and NO3-N which were conditioned for recirculationaquaculture of Whiteleg shrimps.
OH megamasers in high-luminosity IRAS galaxies

OH megamaser emission and H I and CO profiles from the distant infrared galaxies IRAS 10173 + 0828, III Zw 035, and Zw 475.056 are reported. The OH isotropic luminosities at 1667 MHz are 463, 534, and 6.6 solar luminosities, respectively. Far-infrared pumping efficiencies of the OH greater than 1 percent are found in IRAS 10173 + 0828 and III Zw 035. These two galaxies show anomalously large 1667/1665 MHz emission line ratios. OH megamasers reside in the nuclei of superluminous far-infrared galaxies that have a high content of molecular gas, high efficiency of star formation, and in some instances, a striking deficiency of atomic hydrogen. 15 references.
Metabolites enhance innate resistance to human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

To determine the mechanisms that mediate resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in household contacts (HHCs) of patients with tuberculosis (TB), we followed 452 latent TB infection–negative (LTBI–) HHCs for 2 years. Those who remained LTBI– throughout the study were identified as nonconverters. At baseline, nonconverters had a higher percentage of CD14+ and CD3–CD56+CD27+CCR7+ memory-like natural killer (NK) cells. Using a whole-transcriptome and metabolomic approach, we identified deoxycorticosterone acetate as a metabolite with elevated concentrations in the plasma of nonconverters, and further studies showed that this metabolite enhanced glycolytic ATP flux in macrophages and restricted M. tuberculosis growth by enhancing antimicrobial peptide production through the expression of the surface receptor sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin–14. Another metabolite, 4-hydroxypyridine, from the plasma of nonconverters significantly enhanced the expansion of memory-like NK cells. Our findings demonstrate that increased levels of specific metabolites can regulate innate resistance against M. tuberculosis infection in HHCs of patients with TB who never develop LTBI or active TB.
Covariance Matrices and Means of Atmospheric Planck Function Profiles for Application to Temperature Sounding from Satellite Measurements

Abstract The statistical minimum-rms inversion method used to obtain temperature profiles, requires estimates of covariance matrices and means for Planck function profiles of the atmosphere. In order to obtain these estimates over the pressure range of IWO to 0.01 mb, it was necessary to combine data from temperature measurements by radiosondes, rocketsondes and grenadesondes. Radiosonde data reaching the 10-mb level were extended to higher levels by means of a modified regression technique. Matrices and means have been obtained by this method for seasonal and geographical groupings in the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics. Details of the geographical and time changes in the matrices and the means are presented.
Experimental and numerical study of mass/heat transfer on an airfoil trailing-edge slots and lands

Proper cooling of the airfoil trailing edge is imperative in gas turbine designs since this area is often one of the life limiting areas of an airfoil. A common method of providing thermal protection to an airfoil trailing edge is by injecting a film of cooling air through slots located on the airfoil pressure side near the trailing edge, thereby providing a cooling buffer between the hot mainstream gas and the airfoil surface. In the conventional designs, at the breakout plane, a series of slots open to expanding tapered grooves in between the tapered lands and run the cooling air through the grooves to protect the trailing edge surface. In this study, naphthalene sublimation technique was used to measure area averaged mass/heat transfer coefficients downstream of the breakout plane on the slot and on the land surfaces. Three slot geometries were tested: (a) a baseline case simulating a typical conventional slot and land design; (b) the same geometry with a sudden outward step at the breakout plane around the opening; and (c) the sudden step was moved one-third away from the breakout plane in the slot. Mass/heat transfer results were compared for these slots geometries for a range of blowing ratios [M =(pu) s /(pu) m ] from 0 to 2. For the numerical investigation, a pressure-correction based, multiblock, multigrid, unstructured/adaptive commercial software was used in this investigation. Several turbulence models including the standard high Reynolds number k-e turbulence model in conjunction with the generalized wall function were used for turbulence closure. The applied thermal boundary conditions to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models matched the test boundary conditions. Effects of a sudden downward step (Coanda) in the slot on mass/heat transfer coefficients on the slot and on the land surfaces were compared both experimentally and numerically.
Drag and near wake characteristics of flat plates normal to the flow with fractal edge geometries

Past results have suggested that the drag coefficient and the shedding frequencies of regular polygon plates all fall within a very narrow band of values. In this study, we introduce a variety of length scales into the perimeter of a square plate and study the effects this has on the wake characteristics and overall drag. The perimeter of the plate can be made as long as allowed by practical constraints with as many length scales as desired under these constraints without changing the area of the plate. A total of eight fractal-perimeter plates were developed, split into two families of different fractal dimensions all of which had the same frontal area. It is found that by increasing the number of fractal iterations and thus the perimeter, the drag coefficient increases by up to 7%. For the family of fractal plates with the higher dimension, it is also found that when the perimeter increases above a certain threshold the drag coefficient drops back again. Furthermore, the shedding frequency remains the same but the intensity of the shedding decreases with increasing fractal dimension. The size of the wake also decreases with increasing fractal dimension and has some dependence on iteration without changing the area of the plate.
Design of a Smart IoT-AI Enabled Recycling Machine with Gamification Techniques

Recycling is a crucial process in decreasing pollution and waste materials. Unfortunately, many people find it a time-consuming task and are not incentivized enough to do it, thus the need for a system to simplify the process and make it more enjoyable. The system uses a Convolutional Neural Network to detect and classify the waste material and then a hardware mechanism to segregate the waste. The model utilizes a custom dataset and achieves a precision of 89%. The system is also equipped with a sensor network which connects to the Internet and views the results on an Internet-of-Things platform.
Exact sampling of first passage event of certain symmetric Levy processes with unbounded variation

We show that exact sampling of the first passage event can be done for a Levy process with unbounded variation, if the process can be embedded in a subordinated standard Brownian motion. By sampling a series of first exit events of the Brownian motion and first passage events of the subordinator, the first passage event of interest can be obtained. The sampling of the first exit time and pre-exit location of the Brownian motion may be of independent interest.
On convex optimization problems in quantum information theory

Convex optimization problems arise naturally in quantum information theory, often in terms of minimizing a convex function over a convex subset of the space of hermitian matrices. In most cases, finding exact solutions to these problems is usually impossible. As inspired by earlier investigations into the relative entropy of entanglement (REE) (Miranowicz and Ishizaka 2008 Phys. Rev. A 78 032310), we introduce a general method to solve the converse problem rather than find explicit solutions. That is, given a matrix in a convex set, we determine a family of convex functions that are minimized at this point. This method allows us find explicit formulae for the REE and the Rains bound, two well-known upper bounds on the distillable entanglement, and yields interesting information about these quantities, such as the fact that they coincide in the case where at least one subsystem of a multipartite state is a qubit.