Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant Disease Detection using VGG16

: Plant disease detection is very important for healthy growth of plants. Plants play an important role in every living orgnisams life. Their by-products not only provide livehood to human beings but also contribute to a country’s economy. Diseases have negative impact on both agricultural crop yield and health. Thus, it becomes important to monitor plants for any kind of diseases and take diagnostic actions according to reuirements. Disease detection can be done using machine learning algorithms. A novel plant disease detection technique based on deep learning is proposed in this work. VGG16 architecture is used for disease detection in tomato and potato plant species. This multi-class disease detection system significantly detect diseases and achieves an accuracy of respectively.
Recalibration of the NOAA microwave sounding unit

The microwave sounding unit (MSU) prelaunch thermal-vacuum chamber test data for eight MSU flight models that flew on TIROS-N, NOAA 7 through NOAA 12, and NOAA 14 were reanalyzed using an improved calibration algorithm, originally designed for the advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A) operations. The new calibration algorithm can automatically adjust for any channel gain shift in operation. Adoption of this calibration algorithm as the MSU calibration procedure in the recalibration project will make the data sets from the MSU and the AMSU-A more consistent. This will be useful for future blending of the climate trends generated from the MSU and AMSU-A data. A single nonlinearity parameter u, which appears in the new calibration algorithm, was obtained for each channel from analysis of the prelaunch calibration test data. A software package for implementing this new calibration algorithm was developed and applied to calculate the MSU time series for improvement of the accuracy of the climate record. Sample calculations of MSU antenna temperatures with the new calibration algorithm were made for two satellites and are compared with similar results obtained from the old MSU calibration algorithm. Significant differences are observed, and strong evidence indicates that the new calibration procedure will provide a more accurate quantification of climate trends.
Série Scientifique Scientific Series 2002 s-02 Financial Asset Returns , Market Timing , and Volatility Dynamics

partielle permise avec citation du document source, incluant la notice ©. Short sections may be quoted without explicit permission, if full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Ce document est publié dans l'intention de rendre accessibles les résultats préliminaires de la recherche effectuée au CIRANO, afin de susciter des échanges et des suggestions. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l'unique responsabilité des auteurs, et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents preliminary research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners. Résumé / Abstract Nous considérons trois ensembles de phénomènes qui sont souvent – et séparément-discutés dans la littérature d'économie financière, à savoir la dépendance de la moyenne conditionnelle (ou l'absence de dépendance) dans les rendements d'actifs, la dépendance (et donc prévisibilité) des signes de rendements d'actifs ainsi que leurs implications dans le timing du marché, et la dépendance (et donc prévisibilité) dans les volatilités des rendements d'actifs. Nous montrons que ces phénomènes sont étroitement interreliés et nous explorons leurs relations en détail. Entre autres, nous montrons que : 1) la dépendance de la volatilité produit une dépendance du signe tant que les rendements attendus sont non nuls. On devrait par conséquent s'attendre à une dépendance du signe, étant donné la présence notoire de dépendance de volatilité; 2) le résultat classique qui ne trouve que peu ou pas de dépendance de la moyenne conditionnelle est parfaitement compatible avec un degré significatif de dépendance de signe et de dépendance de volatilité. En particulier, la dépendance de signe n'implique pas une inefficacité du marché; 3) Il est peu probable qu'une analyse des autocorrélations de signes révèle une dépendance de signe, parce que la nature de la dépendance du signe est fortement non linéaire; 4) il est également peu probable que l'on retrouve une dépendance de signe dans des rendements à très haute fréquence (par exemple quotidiens) ou à très basse fréquence (par exemple annuels). Il est plus probable qu'on la trouve avec des horizons de rendements intermédiaires. We consider three sets of phenomena that feature prominently – and separately – in the financial economics literature: conditional mean dependence (or lack thereof) in asset returns, dependence (and hence forecastability) in asset return signs with …
Users` manual for LEHGC: A Lagrangian-Eulerian Finite-Element Model of Hydrogeochemical Transport Through Saturated-Unsaturated Media. Version 1.1

The computer program LEHGC is a Hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian Finite-Element Model of HydroGeo-Chemical (LEHGC) Transport Through Saturated-Unsaturated Media. LEHGC iteratively solves two-dimensional transport and geochemical equilibrium equations and is a descendant of HYDROGEOCHEM, a strictly Eulerian finite-element reactive transport code. The hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian scheme improves on the Eulerian scheme by allowing larger time steps to be used in the advection-dominant transport calculations. This causes less numerical dispersion and alleviates the problem of calculated negative concentrations at sharp concentration fronts. The code also is more computationally efficient than the strictly Eulerian version. LEHGC is designed for generic application to reactive transport problems associated with contaminant transport in subsurface media. Input to the program includes the geometry of the system, the spatial distribution of finite elements and nodes, the properties of the media, the potential chemical reactions, and the initial and boundary conditions. Output includes the spatial distribution of chemical element concentrations as a function of time and space and the chemical speciation at user-specified nodes. LEHGC Version 1.1 is a modification of LEHGC Version 1.0. The modification includes: (1) devising a tracking algorithm with the computational effort proportional to N where N is the number of computational grid nodes rather than N{sup 2} as in LEHGC Version 1.0, (2) including multiple adsorbing sites and multiple ion-exchange sites, (3) using four preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the solution of matrix equations, and (4) providing a model for some features of solute transport by colloids.
Unsupervised segmentation of defect images

In industrial inspection one of the key areas is detection of defects from textured surfaces. The goal is to differentiate between a good, normal surface texture and a defected surface texture. In this paper this is achieved with a two-class classifier that is taught only with fault-free samples of surface texture. An unsupervised segmentation scheme is formulated where an unknown sample is classified as a defect if it differs enough from the estimated distribution of texture features extracted from fault-free samples. The extension of the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm, the so-called statistical SOM, is used to estimate the distribution. Different versions of the statistical SOM are introduced and their computational requirements are discussed. The proposed methods are shown to perform well in segmentation of texture surface images with different kinds of defects.
Generalized model for NOx and N2O emissions from soils

We describe a submodel to simulate NOx and N2O emissions from soils and present comparisons of simulated NOx and N2O fluxes from the DAYCENT ecosystem model with observations from different soils. The N gas flux submodel assumes that nitrification and denitrification both contribute to N2O and NOx emissions but that NOx emissions are due mainly to nitrification. N2O emissions from nitrification are calculated as a function of modeled soil NH4+ concentration, water-filled pore space (WFPS), temperature, pH, and texture. N2O emissions from denitrification are a function of soil NO3− concentration, WFPS, heterotrophic respiration, and texture. NOx emissions are calculated by multiplying total N2O emissions by a NOx:N2O equation which is calculated as a function of soil parameters (bulk density, field capacity, and WFPS) that influence gas diffusivity. The NOx submodel also simulates NOx emission pulses initiated by rain events onto dry soils. The DAYCENT model was tested by comparing observed and simulated parameters in grassland soils across a range of soil textures and fertility levels. Simulated values of soil temperature, WFPS (during the non-winter months), and NOx gas flux agreed reasonably well with measured values (r2 = 0.79, 0.64, and 0.43, respectively). Winter season WFPS was poorly simulated (r2 = 0.27). Although the correlation between simulated and observed N2O flux was poor on a daily basis (r2 = 0.02), DAYCENT was able to reproduce soil textural and treatment differences and the observed seasonal patterns of gas flux emissions with r2 values of 0.26 and 0.27, for monthly and NOr flux rates, respectively.
Atlantic warm and cold water events and impact on African west coast precipitation

Variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical southeast Atlantic Ocean has previously been shown to significantly contribute to changes in summer rainfall along the West African as well as the Angolan coast. This study examines links between southeast Atlantic SST and African west coast precipitation variability for an extended 60‐year period from 1951 to 2010. In contrast to earlier studies, our analyses cover the whole Atlantic coast from Guinea to South Africa and are not limited to specific seasons. In addition to the analyses of the total variability, pronounced anomalies in terms of warm and cold water events and their impact on African west coast precipitation are analyzed. By using for the first time a new comprehensive classification of Atlantic Niño and Niña events, consistent results are achieved for a larger region of Africa, also considering Atlantic cold water events which have rather been neglected so far.
South-South Educational Migration, Humanitarianism and Development

This ground-breaking book is one of the first to analyse the important phenomenon of South-South educational migration for refugees. It focuses particularly on South-South scholarship programmes in Cuba and Libya, which have granted free education to children, adolescents and young adults from two of the world’s most protracted refugee situations: Sahrawis and Palestinians. Through in-depth multi-sited fieldwork conducted with and about Sahrawi and Palestinian refugee students in Cuba and Libya, and following their return to the desert-based Sahrawi refugee camps in Algeria and the urban Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, this highly pertinent study brings refugees’ views and voices to the forefront and sheds a unique light on their understandings of self-sufficiency, humanitarianism and hospitality. It critically assesses the impact of diverse policies designed to maximise self-sufficiency and to reduce both brain drain and ongoing dependency upon Northern aid providers, exploring the extent to which South-South scholarship systems have challenged the power imbalances that typically characterise North to South development models. Finally, this very timely study discusses the impact of the Arab Spring on Libya’s support mechanisms for Sahrawi and Palestinian refugees, and considers the changing nature of Cuba’s educational model in light of major ongoing political, ideological and economic shifts in the island state, asking whether there is a future for such alternative programmes and initiatives.
Removing free-surface multiples from teleseismic transmission and constructed reflection responses using reciprocity and the inverse scattering series

We develop a new way to remove free-surface multiples from teleseismic P- transmission and constructed reflection responses. We consider two types of teleseismic waves with the presence of the free surface: One is the recorded waves under the real transmission geometry; the other is the constructed waves under a virtual reflection geometry.The theory presented is limited to 1D plane wave acoustic media, but this approximation is reasonable for the teleseismic P-wave problem resulting from the steep emergence angle of the wavefield. Using one-way wavefield reciprocity, we show howtheteleseismicreflectionresponsescanbereconstructed from the teleseismic transmission responses. We use the inverse scattering series to remove free-surface multiples from the original transmission data and from the reconstructed reflection response. We derive an alternative algorithm for reconstructing the reflection response from the transmission data that is obtained by taking the difference between the teleseismic transmission waves before and after free-surface multiple removal. Numerical tests with 1D acoustic layered earthmodelsdemonstratethevalidityofthetheorywedevelop.NoisetestshowsthatthealgorithmcanworkwithS/Nratioaslowas5comparedtoactualdatawithS/Nratiofrom30 to 50. Testing with elastic synthetic data indicates that the acousticalgorithmisstilleffectiveforsmallincidenceangles oftypicalteleseismicwavefields.
Modelling the interactions between transient saturated and unsaturated groundwater flow. Off-line coupling of LGM and SWAP

Het Landelijk Grondwatermodel (LGM) en een een-dimensionaal model van de hydrologie van de onverzadigde zone (SWAP) zijn gekoppeld. Met dit gecombineerde model kunnen de waterstromen in het bodem- en grondwatersysteem, alsmede de stromingen vanuit het grondwater naar het oppervlaktewater, berekend worden. Het model kan zodoende de hydrologische invoer leveren voor studies naar de belasting van grond- en oppervlaktewater met nutrienten en gewasbeschermingsmiddelen. Een andere mogelijke toepassing van het model is de voorspelling van de variatie van de grondwaterstand in de tijd. Om de seizoensdynamiek correct te kunnen berekenen, worden zowel LGM als SWAP dynamisch toegepast. Het model kan op verschillende schalen worden toegepast. De prestaties van het model zijn getoetst in een studie in het Beerze Reusel gebied. In het algemeen bleek dat de overeenkomst tussen de gemiddelde diepte van het grondwaterpeil, zoals berekend met SWAP, goed overeenkwam met de gemiddelde diepte van het grondwaterpeil, zoals berekend met LGM. Het bleek echter ook dat de seizoensdynamiek onderschat werd door LGM. Nadere studie leerde dat dit veroorzaakt werd doordat de zogenaamde freatische bergingscoefficient onjuist van SWAP naar LGM werd overgedragen. Nadat dit hersteld was, was er een nagenoeg perfecte overeenkomst tussen de grondwaterstand berekend door SWAP en de grondwaterstand berekend door LGM. Een aanvullende studie moet aantonen in hoeverre de berekende grondwaterpeilen overeenkomen met de gemeten grondwaterpeilen. Deze studie moet aangeven of het gecombineerde model de hydrologische basis kan leveren voor verdrogingstudies en waterkwaliteitsberekeningen, zoals door het Milieu- en Natuurplanbureau worden uitgevoerd.
Conséquences moléculaires de l'exposition du tissu adipeux humain à des xénobiotiques environnementaux

Le tissu adipeux est un organe important pour la regulation de l'homeostasie energetique de l'organisme. Constitue majoritairement de lipides, ce tissu represente de plus un lieu de stockage pour de nombreux composes environnementaux lipophiles. Les consequences de cette accumulation, et plus generalement de l'exposition du tissu adipeux a des polluants environnementaux ont ete encore peu etudiees. Pourtant, en modulant les fonctions physiologiques ou le developpement de ce tissu, ces polluants pourraient jouer un role dans le developpement de pathologies telles que l'obesite ou le diabete. Le but de cette these etait d'ameliorer notre comprehension des consequences de l'exposition du tissu adipeux humain a des xenobiotiques environnementaux. Dans un premier temps, nous avons regarde les capacites de metabolisation des xenobiotiques in situ dans le tissu adipeux humain en caracterisant l'expression des 23 isoformes de cytochromes P450 impliquees dans le metabolisme des xenobiotiques. Nous avons montre que seuls les CYP1B1 et CYP2U1 etaient exprimes dans le tissu adipeux humain et que la voie d'induction AhR etait fonctionnelle, alors que les voies d'induction CAR et PXR ne semblaient pas l'etre. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons effectue une etude non ciblee par transcriptomique et metabonomique par 1H-RMN des perturbations induites par le traitement de cultures primaires de preadipocytes humains differencies in vitro avec 2 polluants en particulier : la 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxine (TCDD) et le mono-2-ethyl hexyl-phthalate (MEHP). L'integration de ces donnees a permis la generation d'un nombre important d'hypotheses quant aux mecanismes de toxicite induits par ces composes. Le MEHP en particulier semble posseder un effet pro-differenciateur sur les preadipocytes humains et induire la glyceroneogenese dans les adipocyte matures, deux mecanismes par lesquels ce polluant pourrait avoir un effet pro-obesifiant chez l'Homme.
Assessing RTK GPS for a suburban survey practice

This thesis analysed the use of RTK GPS and determined its feasibility for use as a one person operation within a suburban survey practice and its capacity to substitute for a two person total station field party. Cadastral surveying within Australia is regulated by legislation. This legislation should not exclude any valid measuring technique or system but in some cases the current legislation is heavily weighted towards the use of Total Station technology.
Población y deforestación en Costa Rica

■ En qué grado el rápido crecimiento poblacional es culpable de la masiva destrucción 6 del bosque tropical? Aunque covariaciones temporales y espaciales sugieren una conexión entre población y deforestación (Preston, 1994), investigaciones sugieren también complejas causas no demográficas. Entre ellas, las deficiencias en los mercados de créditos y capitales y en las instituciones de tenencia de la tierra; la pobreza, mala distribución de la propiedad de la tierra, ciertos hábitos de consumo, la codicia de compañías multinacionales y la ignorancia del colonizador de la frontera agrícola (Gillis and Repetto, 1988; Bilsborrow and Ogendo, 1992; Myers, 1984; Palloni, 1994). En Costa Rica, un país que ha experimentado una de las tasas de crecimiento poblacional y deforestación más altas del mundo, a menudo se invoca la tesis de que el rápido crecimiento poblacional es uno de los mayores culpables de la deforestación (Bonilla, 1985; Harthshorn, 1983; Pérez y Protti 1978). Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios han intentado probar empíricamente esta tesis. Más aún, los resultados de estos pocos estudios son contradictorios o no concluyentes.
Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Groundwater in the Lampang Basin, Northern Thailand

of hydrochemical and stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, 2 H and 18 O, were conducted on 76 water samples collected during September and October, 1997, and during January and December, 2002. The set included 10 rainwater samples, 16 river water samples, 2 surface water samples, and 48 groundwater samples, all within the Lampang basin. The analyses were done to document the chemical and isotopic characters of the natural waters, and to determine the origin of groundwater in three different aquifer units. These aquifer units are Holocene unconsolidated sediments, Pleistocene unconsolidated sediments, and Tertiary consolidated and semi-consolidated sediments. Hydrochemical data are classified on the basis of dominant ions by mean of Piper-trilinear diagram as hydrochemical facies. All the groundwater samples from the three aquifer units are similar in hydrochemical facies. This indicates that all of the groundwater is recharged by chemically similar waters, i.e., the groundwater is infiltrated by the same source of recharge water. It was not possible to define a meteoric water baseline for the Lampang basin. So, the meteoric water baseline for Thailand, δD = 7.35 δ 18 18 O and are very similar to local precipitation. This suggests that all of the groundwater in the system is recharged by isotopically similar water from local precipitation and from infiltration water that is not fractionated during passage through the aquifers. Equally, there is little or no effect from interactions between the water and rocks. The isotopic composition of the river water samples is enriched in heavy isotopes relative to the groundwater samples. The possible explanation for this is, that the river water may be derived from groundwaters that have been mixed with water derived from dams.
Statistical study of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesopause region observed by a lidar chain in eastern China

Atmospheric gravity wave activities in the mesopause region have been observed and statistically investigated with a sodium lidar chain in eastern China. In total, there were 471 gravity waves identified from over 5400 h of observations at Hainan (19.99°N, 110.34°E), Hefei (31.87°N, 117.23°E), and Beijing (40.47°N, 115.97°E). These waves typically had vertical wavelengths of λz = 2 − 4 km, observed periods of Tob = 1 − 4 h, amplitude growth factors of β = − 0.025 ~ + 0.05 km−1, and wave amplitudes of Aeβ * 90km = 1.5 − 6 %. Strong systematic parameter relationships were found, and they agree with the predictions of diffusive filtering theory. Statistical results show that the seasonal variability of gravity wave activity had a summer‐maximum and winter‐minimum characteristics in the mesopause region over eastern China. A qualitative interpretation is proposed regarding the seasonal and geographic variability observed by the lidar chain, based on analysis of source properties and influences from background wind, which vary by season.