Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on Improved Traffic Flow Prediction Network Based on CapsNet

Traffic flow prediction is the basis and key to the realization of an intelligent transportation system. The road traffic flow prediction of city-level complex road network can be realized using traffic big data. In the traffic prediction task, the limitation of the convolutional neural network (CNN) for modeling the spatial relationship of the road network and the insufficient feature extraction of the shallow network make it impossible to accurately predict the traffic flow. In order to improve the prediction performance of the model, this paper proposes an improved capsule network (MCapsNet) based on capsule network (CapsNet). First, in the preliminary feature extraction stage, a depthwise separable convolutional block is added to expand the feature channel to enrich channel information. Subsequently, in order to strengthen the reuse of important features and suppress useless information, channel attention is used to selectively reinforce learning of extended channel information so that the network can extract a large number of high-dimensional important features and improve the ability of network feature learning and expression. At the same time, in order to alleviate the feature degradation during training and the channel collapse problem easily caused by deep convolution, a shortcut connection, and a modified linear bottleneck layer structure are added to the convolution layer. The bottleneck layer adds the depth convolution and channel attention connection to the residual block of the network. Finally, the deep local feature information extracted from the improved convolutional layer is vectorized into the form of a capsule, which can more accurately model the details of road network attributes and features and improve the model expression power and prediction performance. The network is tested on the Wenyi Road dataset and the public dataset SZ-taxi. Compared with other models, the evaluation indicators of MCapsNet are better than other models in the tests of different time periods and predictors. Compared with CapsNet, the RMSE index of MCapsNet is reduced by 10.50% in the full period of Wenyi Road, 4.66% in the peak period, 9.78% in the off-peak period, and 6.07% in the SZ-tax dataset. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the model improvement.
Structural and Algorithmic Aspects of Chordal Graph Embeddings

In this thesis, we consider graph embeddings into the class o f chordal graphs (so-calledtriangulations), by which, for greater classes of graphs, we obtain new structural results and efficient algorithms for computing v arious graph parameters. The minimal separators in a graph play an important role for g raph triangulations. For this reason, we study different approaches to m odel the underlying structure that links the minimal separators in arbitrary gr aphs. In this context, we introduce theseparator graphand thestructure graphof graphs. One of our main results states that there is a 1-1 correspondence between th inclusion-minimal triangulations of a graph and the maximal cliques of its separat or graph. Because of that, we can reduce some graph problems to weighted clique pr oblems in the corresponding separator graph. This enables us to solve the treew idth and the minimum fill-in problem on a generalization of both the interval and t he permutation graphs, namely thed-trapezoid graphs. The structure graph models the lattice s ructure of minimal separators, which is well-known for fixed pairs of ve rtices. This approach leads to new characterizations and a polynomial time algori thm for computing the treewidth of graphs without asteroidal triples. Subsequen tly, we study the bandwidth and the ranking problem on subclasses of graphs withou t asteroidal triples. Eventually, for a generalization of the tolerance graphs, w e show the relation of the treewidth and pathwidth and solve the minimum fill-in proble m.
On complex quadratic fields with class number equal to one

Let R(V p) be a quadratic extension of the rationals, where p is a positive square free integer. For nine values of p, namely 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163, the integers of R(/ p) form a unique factorization domain. Heilbronn and Linfoot [1] have shown that there is at most one more such value of p, and Lehmer [2] has shown that p must be a prime greater than 5 * 109. In the present paper we verify and extend the lower bound of 5 * 109 for p. The result is
Improved Estimation of Coefficient Vector in a Regression Model

Abstract In this article we consider the problem of estimating the coefficient vector of a classical regression model when it is apriori suspected that the parameters vector may belong to a subspace. Two estimators; namely the positive-part of Stein-type estimator and the improved preliminary test estimator are proposed and it is demonstrated analytically as well as numerically that the proposed estimators dominate the usual Stein-type and pretest estimators respectively. The proposed estimators are also compared in terms of risks with that of the unrestricted estimator and we find that the positive-part of Stein-type estimator uniformly dominates the unrestricted estimator while the improved preliminary test estimator dominates the unrestricted estimator in a wider range than that of the usual pretest estimator.
Differential elastic scattering of electrons by the rare gases. I. Helium

Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons by helium have been measured in the angular range 20 degrees -90 degrees and the energy range 1.5-100 eV. Absolute calibrations from phase shift determinations at 19.1 eV and via normalization to the data of Vriens et al. (1968) and Chamberlain et al. (1970) at 100 eV are in agreement to 2%. The estimated accuracy of the cross sections is +or-12%. A detailed description of the experimental procedure is given and the results are compared with other recent experimental results and theoretical calculations.
Calculation of Auger recombination in long-wavelength lasers

The understanding and evaluation of the Auger coefficient, C, and its variation with band structure is essential for accurate device modeling of long wavelength quantum well devices. We have developed a calculation of the Auger coefficient C for both 'band-to-band' processes, which involve strict k-selection rules, and 'k-relaxed' processes, where the strict k-selection rule is relaxed by momentum from phonons. To identify which process is dominating in 1.5 micrometers QW devices we have compared hydrostatic pressure measurements of the lasing threshold current with theoretical predictions for each process. We find that the 'k-relaxing' models are in good agreement with experiment as a function of pressure while the 'band-to-band' processes overestimate the reduction of the non-radiative component of the threshold current with pressure. Based on these results, we predict the threshold current for a number of well characterized 1.5 micrometers QW devices in the literature with a variety of strains and well widths.
On Prediction and Control of Discrete‐Time First‐Order Linear Stochastic Systems with Prospective Strong Intervention

This paper is devoted to studying the issue of modeling, forecasting, and optimal feedback control of discrete‐time first‐order linear stochastic systems with prospective strong intervention (PSI). First, one type of PSI is formulated. Then, one class of induced mechanisms of PSI is characterized, and, with respect to the induced mechanisms, two multi‐step forecasting methods for estimating the occurrence time and terminal time of PSI are discussed. Based on these fundamental results, the problem of optimal control with respect to an improved minimum variance performance index is discussed. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed control strategy and approach are verified and demonstrated through numerical simulations.
Position-dependent electron swarm behaviour in steady-state Townsend discharges

The position-dependent swarm parameters and the energy distribution F( epsilon ,x) of electrons in argon gas have been analysed using a propagator method in which a proper relation between the trajectories of electrons and the cells in an energy epsilon and position x space were considered. The results showed fine structures of damped fluctuation in the swarm parameters, which has been seen from the results of a Monte Carlo method. When initial electrons with zero energy were ejected from the cathode, F( epsilon ,x) at E/N=283 Td could not reach the equilibrium condition even at the distance at which the equilibrium values of mean energy, drift velocity, etc. of electrons seemed to have already been obtained.
Nanotechnology enabled sensors and wireless sensing networks

The capabilities of future mobile communication devices will extend beyond merely transmitting and receiving voice, data, and video information. For example, first responders such as firefighters and emergency workers will wear environmentally- aware devices that will warn them of combustible and toxic gases as well as communicate that information wirelessly to the Command and Control Center. Similar sensor systems could alert warfighters of the presence of explosives or biological weapons. These systems can function either in the form of an individual stand-alone detector or part of a wireless sensor network. Novel sensors whose functionality is enhanced via nanotechnology will play a key role in realizing such systems. Such sensors are important because of their high sensitivity, low power consumption, and small size. This talk will provide an overview of some of the advances made in sensors through the use of nanotechnology, including those that make use of carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. Their applicability in mobile sensing and wireless sensor networks for use in national security and public safety will be described. Other technical challenges associated with the development of such systems and networks will also be discussed.
Viscometers having damped torsional oscillation

Two types of torsional pendulum viscometers, having only one solid-fluid boundary, have been developed specifically for use in fluidized solids investigations. They may have utility also in coarse or fibrous suspensions or in melts at high temperatures. The theory of these viscometers is discussed and empirical correlations are presented whereby any instrument of these two types may be used with minimal or no calibration.
Nonclassical states, measurements, and phenomena of light

On taking a positive operator-valued measure (POVM), we introduce nonclassical measurements, together with nonclassical phenomena, in a manner similar to that applied to nonclassical states. The quantitative measure of nonclassicality for the measurements is also defined, and any projective measurement is shown to be nonclassical. When the regularization process is applied to a projective measurement, it becomes a POVM measurement, and its nonclassical measure decreases to vanish at the end.
CURVED-IN-PLANE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

A mathematical model suitable for static and dynamic analyses of curved-in-plane cable-stayed bridges is proposed. By expressing the tensile forces of the cables in relation to the deck and pylon deformations, the problem is reduced to the solution of a beam curved-in-plane that is subjected to the usual permanent and external loads and to the tensile forces of the cables, the latter being functions of the deformation of the beam. The theoretical formulation presented is based on a continuum approach, which is suitable for the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of long span cable-supported bridges. Numerical examples will be analyzed to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
A numerical method for the study of shear band propagation in soft rocks

This paper investigates the possibility of interpreting progressive shear failure in hard soils and soft rocks as the result of shear propagation of a pre‐existing natural defect. This is done through the application of the principles of fracture mechanics, a slip‐weakening model (SWM) being used to simulate the non‐linear zone at the tips of the discontinuity. A numerical implementation of the SWM in a computation method based on the boundary element technique of the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) is presented. The crack and the non‐linear zone at the advancing tip are represented through a set of elements, where the displacement discontinuity (DD) in the tangential direction is determined on the basis of a friction law. A residual friction angle is assumed on the crack elements. Shear resistance decreases on elements in the non‐linear zone from a peak value at the tip, which is characteristic of intact material, to the residual value. The simulation of a uniaxial compressive test in plane strain conditions is carried out to exemplify the numerical methodology. The results emphasize the role played by the critical DD on the mechanical behaviour of the specimen. A validation of the model is shown through the back analysis of some experimental observations. The results of this back analysis show that a non‐linear fracture mechanics approach seems very promising to simulate experimental results, in particular with regards to the shear band evolution pattern. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small‐angle X‐ray scattering station at the SPring‐8 RIKEN beamline

RIKEN beamline I (BL45XU) is an undulator beamline with two branches. One is for protein crystallography (PX) and the other is for small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The beam is split into the two branches by a diamond monochromator so that two experiments can be done simultaneously [Yamamoto et al. (1995) Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 1833-1835]. The SAXS branch was designed for studying the weak interaction of proteins or subunits of fibrous or protein solutions especially using hydrostatic pressure. The optics makes use of the good parallelism of the undulator beam in order to reduce parasitic scattering. The beamline consists of a double crystal monochromator and a K-B type focusing mirror system. In order to cope with the high flux of the beam, an x-ray image intensifier (Hamamatsu Photonics, V5445P) with a cooled CCD camera (C4880-82) was used. As a result, decreases in both collection time and sample amount were realized in standard static experiments. These improvements will greatly facilitate SAXS experiments under high pressure.
Silicon monosulphide radiative association

Rate coefficients for radiative association of silicon and sulphur atoms to form silicon monosulphide (SiS) molecule are estimated. The radiative association is due mainly to approach in the E 1 E + and A 1 n states of SiS. For temperatures ranging from ∼1000 to ∼ 14 000 K, the rate coefficients are found to vary from 8.43 x 10 -17 to 2.69 x 10 -16 cm 3 s -1 . Our calculated rate coefficient is higher than the values used in modelling the chemistry of Type Ia supernovae.
Exact periodic solutions of the sixth-order generalized Boussinesq equation

This paper examines a class of nonlinear sixth-order generalized Boussinesq-like equations (SGBE): utt = uxx + 3(u2)xx + uxxxx + αuxxxxxx, α ∊ R, depending on the positive parameter α. Hirota's bilinear transformation method is applied to the above class of non-integrable equations and exact periodic solutions have been obtained. The results confirmed the well-known nonlinear superposition principle.
Piecewise Tendency Diagnosis of Dynamical Processes Governing the Development of an Upper-Tropospheric Mobile Trough

Abstract The intensification and evolution of midlatitude upper-tropospheric mobile troughs may be viewed in terms of the isentropic advection and deformation of the tropopause potential vorticity gradient. The potential vorticity viewpoint allows one to qualitatively assess observed events in the context of existing theories of mobile trough genesis, such as baroclinic instability or downstream development. In order to quantitatively determine the role of distinct dynamical process, the method of piecewise tendency diagnosis, or PTD, is developed. PTD is an extension of piecewise potential vorticity inversion applied to height tendencies, with the forcing terms in the quasigeostrophic height tendency equation partitioned into potential vorticity advection associated with distinct dynamical processes. A particular case of mobile trough genesis, which occurred during 1–4 December 1980 over North America is diagnosed using PTD. Although about 20% of the intensification of the trough was due to superposition.
Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow With Surfactant Additives Using PIV and PDA

Drag reduction of turbulent water flow with surfactant (CTAC) additives was experimentally investigated. By using PIV and PDA measurements, the spatial velocity distribution of surfactant solution flow was clarified in a two-dimensional water channel. With an increasing Reynolds number, it was found that drag reduction of surfactant solution flow is enhanced within the region of drag reduction. However, in the region of post drag reduction, the drag-reducing coefficient approaches one without surfactant when Reynolds number is increased. In the near-wall region, velocity profiles of the drag-reducing fluid are similar to, but not the same as, the laminar profiles of the Newtonian fluid. When compared to the case of water flow without surfactant, the velocity contour lines of the drag-reducing fluid run approximately parallel to the wall. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(2): 99–107, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20047
Mitigating the Scintillation Effect on GNSS Signals Using MP and ROTI

Ionospheric scintillation is one of the main error sources of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. The presence of scintillation may result in cycle slips, measurement errors or even losses of lock on satellites, eventually leading to complete failure of positioning. Typically, scintillation parameters S4 and σϕ are used to characterize amplitude and phase scintillation, respectively. However, the scintillation parameters can only be generated from data with a frequency of at least 1 Hz. Rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI) is often used as a proxy for scintillation parameters, which can be obtained from 1/30 Hz data. However, previous research has shown the inefficiency of ROTI to represent scintillation. Therefore, the multipath parameter (MP) has been proposed as another proxy for scintillation parameters, which can also be obtained from 1/30 Hz data. In this paper, both MP and ROTI (standard parameters) were used to mitigate scintillation effects on precise point positioning (PPP). To evaluate the effectiveness of MP and ROTI in mitigating scintillation effects, S4 and σϕ were also used for comparison and validation. Three strategies are proposed: (1) remove all observations from the satellite that is most affected by scintillation; (2) remove the scintillation-affected observations; (3) weight the measurement noise matrix in the Kalman Filter (KF) process. The results show that the observation removal and weighting strategies are considerably more effective than the satellite removal strategy. The results also show that the improvement of PPP outputs reaches 93.1% and the performance of standard parameters is comparable to that of scintillation parameters in the observation removal and weighting strategies.
The dependence of image quality on the number of high and low kVp projections in dual energy CT using the prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) algorithm

Dual energy CT using a fast kVp switching technique and the standard filtered back projection (FBP) image reconstruction method has recently been studied. With conventional FBP methods, high slew rates are required for acceptable image reconstruction with high image quality. However, high slew rates also require hardware changes to enable data acquisition. In this work, we aim at studying the necessary slew rate for dual energy CT imaging provided that the PICCS algorithm is used for image reconstruction. The results demonstrate that a slew rate of 7.5 kV / view (assuming 2,000 views were collected over 360o with a 60 kVp energy separation) was sufficient for dual energy imaging using PICCS.
Morphology-based algorithm for point target detection in infrared backgrounds

A morphology-based algorithm has been developed for point target detection in IRST applications. It exhibits comparable detection and false alarm performance to a median filter. The morphology-based algorithm has an efficient computational paradigm based on combinations of simple nonlinear grayscale operations, which makes it ideally suited to real- time, high data rate IRST applications. A detection filter based on morphological background estimation exhibits spatial high-pass characteristics emphasizing target-like peaks in the data and suppressing all other clutter. Example cases are presented which point out the detection performance differences between the morphological and median approaches. Overall performance results were generated in the form of ROC curves for cloud, horizon and sea clutter IRAMMP backgrounds.
A Dual Problem of Calibration of Design Weights Based on Multi-Auxiliary Variables

Singh (2013) considered the dual problem to the calibration of design weights to obtain a new generalized linear regression estimator (GREG) for the finite population total. In this work, we have made an attempt to suggest a way to use the dual calibration of the design weights in case of multi-auxiliary variables; in other words, we have made an attempt to give an answer to the concern in Remark 2 of Singh (2013) work. The same idea is also used to generalize the GREG estimator proposed by Deville and Sarndal (1992). It is not an easy task to find the optimum values of the parameters appear in our approach; therefore, few suggestions are mentioned to select values for such parameters based on a random sample. Based on real data set and under simple random sampling without replacement design, our approach is compared with other approaches mentioned in this paper and for different sample sizes. Simulation results show that all estimators have negligible relative bias, and the multivariate case of Singh (2013) estimator is more efficient than other estimators.