Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rickettsia association with two Macrolophus (Heteroptera: Miridae) species: A comparative study of phylogenies and within-host localization patterns

Many arthropods host bacterial symbionts, some of which are known to influence host nutrition and diet breadth. Omnivorous bugs of the genus Macrolophus (Heteroptera: Miridae) are mainly predatory, but may also feed on plants. The species M. pygmaeus and M. melanotoma (=M. caliginosus) are key natural enemies of various economically important agricultural pests, and are known to harbor two Rickettsia species, R. bellii and R. limoniae. To test for possible involvement of symbiotic bacteria in the nutritional ecology of these biocontrol agents, the abundance, phylogeny, and distribution patterns of the two Rickettsia species in M. pygmaeus and M. melanotoma were studied. Both of the Rickettsia species were found in 100 and 84% of all tested individuals of M. pygmaeus and M. melanotoma, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that a co-evolutionary process between Macrolophus species and their Rickettsia is infrequent. Localization of R. bellii and R. limoniae has been detected in both female and male of M. pygmaeus and M. melanotoma. FISH analysis of female gonads revealed the presence of both Rickettsia species in the germarium of both bug species. Each of the two Rickettsia species displayed a unique distribution pattern along the digestive system of the bugs, mostly occupying separate epithelial cells, unknown caeca-like organs, the Malpighian tubules and the salivary glands. This pattern differed between the two Macrolophus species: in M. pygmaeus, R. limoniae was distributed more broadly along the host digestive system and R. bellii was located primarily in the foregut and midgut. In contrast, in M. melanotoma, R. bellii was more broadly distributed along the digestive system than the clustered R. limoniae. Taken together, these results suggest that Rickettsia may have a role in the nutritional ecology of their plant-and prey-consuming hosts.
Exponential convergence of the Kalman filter based parameter estimation algorithm

In this paper we shall present a new method to analyse the convergence property of the Kalman filter based parameter estimation algorithms. This method for convergence analysis is mainly based on some matrix inequalities and is more simple than some of the existing approaches in the literature. This method can simultaneously provide both lower and upper bounds on the exponential convergence rate as the functions of bounds of the related matrices, such as the covariance matrices. A simulation example is provided to illustrate the convergence property of the Kalman filter based algorithms. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamical response of the magnetotail to changes of the solar wind direction: an MHD modeling perspective

We performed global MHD simulations to inves- tigate the magnetotail response to the solar wind directional changes (Vz-variations). These changes, although small, cause significant variations of the neutral sheet shape and lo- cation even in the near and middle tail regions. They dis- play a complicated temporal response, in which 60 to 80% of the final shift of the neutral sheet in Z direction occurs within first 10-15 min (less for faster solar wind), whereas a much longer time (exceeding half hour) is required to reach a new equilibrium. The asymptotic equilibrium shape of the simulated neutral sheet is consistent with predictions of Tsyganenko-Fairfield (2004) empirical model. To visualize a physical origin of the north-south tail motion we compared the values of the total pressure in the northern and south- ern tail lobes and found a considerable difference (10-15% for only 6 change of the solar wind direction used in the simulation). That difference builds up during the passage of the solar wind directional discontinuity and is responsible for the vertical shift of the neutral sheet, although some pressure difference remains in the near tail even near the new equilib- rium. Surprisingly, at a given tailward distance, the response was found to be first initiated in the tail center (the "leader ef- fect"), rather than near the flanks, which can be explained by the wave propagation in the tail, and which may have inter- esting implications for the substorm triggering studies. The present results have serious implications for the data-based modeling, as they place constraints on the accuracy of tail magnetic configurations to be derived for specific events us- ing data of multi-spacecraft missions, e.g. such as THEMIS.
Reconnection of skewed vortices

Abstract Based on experimental evidence that vortex reconnection commences with the approach of nearly antiparallel segments of vorticity, a linearised model is developed in which two Burgers-type vortices are driven together and stretched by an ambient irrotational strain field induced by more remote vorticity. When these Burgers vortices are exactly antiparallel, they are annihilated on the strain time-scale, independent of kinematic viscosity $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\nu $ in the limit $\nu \rightarrow 0$ . When the vortices are skew to each other, they are annihilated under this action over a local extent that increases exponentially in the stretching direction, with clear evidence of reconnection on the same strain time-scale. The initial helicity associated with the skewed geometry is eliminated during the process of reconnection. The model applies equally to the reconnection of weak magnetic flux tubes under the action of a strain field, when Lorentz forces are negligible.
Artificial Intelligence in Communication with Music Fans: An Example from South Korea

According to Kotler, Kartajaya, and Setiawan, there are five components of marketing 5.0: it is data-driven, predictive, contextual, augmented, and agile. This paper uses the case study method to investigate the presence of the 5.0 marketing components in promotional strategies employed by the South Korean popular music industry. The paper explores promotional strategies used by the BTS music group in particular. The group uses the 5.0 marketing method in its promotional strategies, especially in communication with the fans, and such communication thus enters the field of public relations. The case study analysis also indicates the use of data-driven marketing and predictive analytics, which are achieved using artificial intelligence. Additionally, elements of contextual marketing were used to improve the consumer experience, and augmented marketing was utilized to facilitate business, especially for front office staff. Finally, the analysis of BTS's promotional strategies shows a focus on innovation and flexibility, which are elements of agile marketing.
Effect of MgO Grain Boundaries on the Interfacial Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory: A First-Principles Study

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) requires large interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (iPMA) to be maintained even after many microfabrication steps. The data retention of STT-MRAM depends on the quality of the interface between the ferromagnetic layer and the insulating layer in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). We have investigated the effects of the grain boundary (GB) in the MgO layer on the iPMA using first-principles calculations. The results show that the iPMA is reduced by the presence of GBs, even though some iPMA remains. This is explained by a decrease in the peak of density of states (DOS) just above the Fermi energy, and that the DOS at high energy is increased in the down spin channel for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}_{xz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d_{yz}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> orbitals. Moreover, we found that the bond structure of Fe-d orbitals around the GB is a key factor controlling the iPMA, in addition to the well-known role of interfacial Fe–O bonds.
Cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations: the entropy equation

We discuss differences in simulation results that arise between the use of either the thermal energy or the entropy as an independent variable in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In this context, we derive a new version of SPH that, when appropriate, manifestly conserves both energy and entropy if smoothing lengths are allowed to adapt freely to the local mass resolution. To test various formulations of SPH, we consider point-like energy injection, as in certain models of supernova feedback, and find that powerful explosions are well represented by SPH even when the energy is deposited into a single particle, provided that the entropy equation is integrated. If the thermal energy is instead used as an independent variable, unphysical solutions can be obtained for this problem. We also examine the radiative cooling of gas spheres that collapse and virialize in isolation, and of haloes that form in cosmological simulations of structure formation. When applied to these problems, the thermal energy version of SPH leads to substantial overcooling in haloes that are resolved with up to a few thousand particles, while the entropy formulation is biased only moderately low for these haloes under the same circumstances. For objects resolved with much larger particle numbers, the two approaches yield consistent results. We trace the origin of the differences to systematic resolution effects in the outer parts of cooling flows. When the thermal energy equation is integrated and the resolution is low, the compressional heating of the gas in the inflow region is underestimated, violating entropy conservation and improperly accelerating cooling. The cumulative effect of this overcooling can be significant. In cosmological simulations of moderate size, we find that the fraction of baryons which cool and condense can be reduced by up to a factor ∼2 if the entropy equation is employed rather than the thermal energy equation, partly explaining discrepancies with semi-analytic treatments of galaxy formation. We also demonstrate that the entropy method leads to a greatly reduced scatter in the density–temperature relation of the low-density Lyα forest relative to the thermal energy approach, in accord with theoretical expectations.
SOME ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF THE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATORS OF A POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION WITH A HETEROSKEDASTIC ERROR

ABSTRACT We investigate asymptotic properties of the least squares estimators of the coefficients in a polynomial regression when the error is heteroskedastic and its variance increases with time varying. First, we show the weak consistency of the estimators under some assumptions on the covariance structure of the error. Second, the consistency of an estimator of the variance of the error is studied. Finally, we examine the asymptotic efficiency of the estimators of the coefficients when the errors are uncorrelated.
Discrete wavelet analysis of blade vortex interaction noise

The discrete wavelet transform, implemented in a multirate filter bank scheme using conjugate quadrature filters, is used to analyze blade vortex interaction (BVI) noise from helicopter rotors in different environments. The discrete wavelet transform successfully isolates the bursty, nonstationary nature of this impulsive noise source. The sub‐band coding scheme is then used for signal reconstruction of only the portion of helicopter noise related to blade vortex interaction by filtering in the frequency and time domains. By eliminating extraneous noise sources, the wavelet analysis can produce a more direct comparison between BVI noise generated in flight and in other environments such as a wind tunnel.
Single and Combined Mutations of Acetylcholinesterase Gene Giving Resistance to Pirimiphos-Methyl in Musca domestica Slaughterhouse Populations

Simple Summary The house fly is a worldwide public health pest associated with humans and livestock. The use of insecticides is still the main method of house fly management. The extensive use of insecticides is the main reason for the development of resistance in many insect species. The development of resistance in house flies was documented for numerous insecticides. Pirimiphos-methyl is used for house fly control in Saudi Arabia. This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of M. domestica field populations against pirimiphos-methyl. The field-collected populations of M. domestica displayed different levels of resistance. The samples collected from Riyadh city exhibited the highest resistance, followed by populations from Jeddah and Taif. We investigated the genetic mutations of the acetylcholinesterase (Ace) gene in field-collected flies and the survivors after exposure to pirimiphos-methyl. The outcomes of the present study provide valuable information that may help in house fly management in Saudi Arabia. Abstract The house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a worldwide medical and veterinary pest, causing great economic losses. Organophosphate insecticides have been widely used to control house fly populations. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the resistance levels of M. domestica slaughterhouse populations, collected from Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, against the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl and investigate the genetic mutations of the Ace gene associated with pirimiphos-methyl resistance. The obtained data showed that there were significant differences among pirimiphos-methyl LC50 values of the studied populations, where the highest LC50 was recorded for the Riyadh population (8.44 mM), followed by Jeddah and Taif populations (2.45 mM and 1.63 mM, respectively). Seven nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in the studied house flies. The Ile239Val and Glu243Lys mutations are reported for the first time, whereas Val260Leu, Ala316Ser, Gly342Ala, Gly342Val, and Phe407Tyr were previously reported in M. domestica field populations from other countries. Considering three mutations associated with insecticide resistance, at amino acid positions 260, 342, and 407 of acetylcholinesterase polypeptide, 17 combinations were recovered in this study. Three out of these seventeen combinations were frequently found both worldwide and in the three Saudi house fly field populations, as well as their pirimiphos-methyl-surviving flies. Overall, the single and combined Ace mutations are apparently associated with pirimiphos-methyl resistance, and the obtained data can be useful in managing house fly field populations in Saudi Arabia.
A SUPER-RESOLUTION NEAR-FIELD SCATTERING CENTERS EXTRACTION METHOD FOR SPHERICAL WAVEFRONT CURVATURE COMPENSATION

While a radar target is illuminated under the condition of spherical wave, two-dimensional ISAR image can be obtained in near fleld, and the wavefront curvature must be compensated. A novel two-dimensional mathematical model is set up, and a 2D- ESPRIT super-resolution algorithm based on matrix pencil is applied to estimate the accurate locations of the scattering centers in near fleld. Numerical simulations are conducted in difierent distances as well as with difierent SNRs. It is proved that the method can revise the spherical wavefront curvature with a high accuracy. Finally, near fleld ISAR imaging experiments were done outdoor, and raw data were processed with this super-resolution method, which verify that 2D-ESPRIT algorithm based on matrix pencil can compensate the spherical wavefront curvature efiectively in near fleld.
Adherence, reliability, and variability of home spirometry telemonitoring in cystic fibrosis

Introduction Forced spirometry is the gold standard to assess lung function, but its accessibility may be limited. By contrast, home spirometry telemonitoring allows a multi-weekly lung function follow-up but its real-life adherence, reliability, and variability according to age have been poorly studied in patients with CF (PwCF). We aimed to compare real-life adherence, reliability and variability of home spirometry between children, teenagers and adults with CF. Methods This real-life observational study included PwCF followed for six months in whom lung function (i.e, forced expiratory volume maximum in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF) and FEV1/FVC ratio) was monitored by both conventional and home spirometry between July 2015 and December 2021. The adherence, reliability and variability of home spirometry was assessed in all PwCF and compared between children (<12years old), teenagers (12–18 years old) and adults. Results 174 PwCF were included (74 children, 43 teenagers and 57 adults). Home spirometry was used at least one time per week by 64.1 ± 4.9% PwCF, more frequently in children and teenagers than in adults (79.4 ± 2.9%, 69.2 ± 5.5% and 40.4 ± 11.5% respectively). The reliability to conventional lung function testing was good for all assessed parameters (e.g., FEV1: r = 0.91, p < 0.01) and the variability over the 6 months of observation was low (FEV1 coefficient of variation = 11.5%). For each parameter, reliability was better, and the variability was lower in adults than in teenagers than in children Conclusion Home spirometry telemonitoring appears to be a reliable tool for multi-weekly lung function follow-up of PwCF.
SS-TMNet: Spatial-Spectral Transformer Network with Multi-Scale Convolution for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is a significant foundation for remote sensing image analysis, widely used in biology, aerospace, and other applications. Convolution neural networks (CNNs) and attention mechanisms have shown outstanding ability in HSI classification and have been widely studied in recent years. However, the existing CNN-based and attention mechanism-based methods cannot fully use spatial–spectral information, which is not conducive to further improving HSI classification accuracy. This paper proposes a new spatial–spectral Transformer network with multi-scale convolution (SS-TMNet), which can effectively extract local and global spatial–spectral information. SS-TMNet includes two key modules, i.e., multi-scale 3D convolution projection module (MSCP) and spatial–spectral attention module (SSAM). The MSCP uses multi-scale 3D convolutions with different depths to extract the fused spatial–spectral features. The spatial–spectral attention module includes three branches: height spatial attention, width spatial attention, and spectral attention, which can extract the fusion information of spatial and spectral features. The proposed SS-TMNet was tested on three widely used HSI datasets: Pavia University, IndianPines, and Houston2013. The experimental results show that the proposed SS-TMNet is superior to the existing methods.
Event-Related Potential-Based Collaborative Brain-Computer Interface for Augmenting Human Performance Using a Low-Cost, Custom Electroencephalogram Hyperscanning Infrastructure

The electroencephalogram (EEG) hyperscanning technique has been demonstrated to facilitate the applicability of a collaborative brain–computer interface (cBCI) to augment human performance with respect to the collective intelligence of multiple brains. However, assembling a hyperscanning platform with commercial products inevitably introduces practical and cost burdens regarding labor and hardware setup, hindering group scalability. This work thus explores how effectively a low-cost, custom-made EEG hyperscanning platform can be achieved by demonstrating a cBCI framework. This work quantifies brain–computer interface (BCI) performance in collaborative and single-brain scenarios applied to the EEG data set collected from three subjects simultaneously participating in a target-distractor differentiation task over ten days. This work also compares various brain-fusion scenarios with feature-extraction methods for multiple brains. Given the 30 pseudo brains (i.e., 3 subjects $\times10$ day sessions), the decision-level committee voting outperformed the single-brain BCI performance and considerably improved by leveraging more pseudo brains. The 27-brain setting achieved the best information transfer rate (ITR) of 116.6±5.6 bits/min, which was a nearly 817% enhancement over the single-brain ITR (12.7±9.2 bits/min). In addition, the cBCI decision augmented the actual button-pressing time by 25 ms. Such a low-cost, custom-made hyperscanning infrastructure economically and practically favors multiple-brain applications in a larger group.
In-orbit performance and calibration of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA)

The proportional counter array (PCA) is designed to perform microsecond timing of bright galactic sources and broad band, confusion limited, studies of faint extragalactic sources in the 2 - 60 keV x-ray band. The PCA was launched as part of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite into a circular orbit of altitude 580 km and 23 degrees inclination on December 30, 1995. The mission contains three experiments: a set of large area xenon proportional counters sensitive from 2 - 60 keV (proportional counter array: PCA), a set of large area sodium iodide scintillators sensitive from 15 - 200 keV (high energy x-ray timing experiment: HEXTE), and three wide field of view scanning detectors which monitor most of the sky each orbit (all sky monitor: ASM). The goals of the mission are summarized by Swank et al. We present performance and calibration data on the measured and predicted in-orbit background, energy response, relative and absolute timing performance, and the operational possibilities made available with the high performance experiment data system (EDS) designed and built by MIT.
Rule learning in fuzzy systems using evolutionary programs

The present paper considers the problem of automatically learning a set of optimised rules and membership functions from data, for the case of a rule-based fuzzy controller. The method applies evolutionary programs in a two step fashion. The first step produces the singleton conclusions for a reduced set of rules using symmetric triangular membership functions for the fuzzy variables in the premises. The second step then adjusts the triangular membership functions, whilst maintaining the fixed rules obtained in the first step. The steps are illustrated using a simulated DC motor. We present comparisons of the method for different sized rule-bases showing the average rule reduction obtained, and finally consider the problem of individual rule importance.