Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEsingle for detecting three types of differential expression in single-cell RNA-seq data

Summary The excessive amount of zeros in single-cell RNA-seq data include “real” zeros due to the on-off nature of gene transcription in single cells and “dropout” zeros due to technical reasons. Existing differential expression (DE) analysis methods cannot distinguish these two types of zeros. We developed an R package DEsingle which employed Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial model to estimate the proportion of real and dropout zeros and to define and detect 3 types of DE genes in single-cell RNA-seq data with higher accuracy. Availability and Implementation The R package DEsingle is freely available at https://github.com/miaozhun/DEsingle and is under Bioconductor’s consideration now. Contact zhangxg@tsinghua.edu. cn Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at bioRxiv online.
Gromov-Witten invariants of Fano threefolds of genera?6 and?8

The aim of the paper is to prove in the case of the Fano threefolds and Golyshev's conjecture on the modularity of the equations for smooth Fano threefolds with Picard group . More precisely, the counting matrices of prime two-pointed invariants of and are found with the help of a method allowing one to find the Gromov-Witten invariants of complete intersections in varieties for which these invariants are (partially) known.Bibliography: 33 titles.
Spatial variation in extreme winds predicts large wildfire locations in chaparral ecosystems

Fire plays a crucial role in many ecosystems, and a better understanding of different controls on fire activity is needed. Here we analyze spatial variation in fire danger during episodic wind events in coastal southern California, a densely populated Mediterranean‐climate region. By reconstructing almost a decade of fire weather patterns through detailed simulations of Santa Ana winds, we produced the first high‐resolution map of where these hot, dry winds are consistently most severe and which areas are relatively sheltered. We also analyzed over half a century of mapped fire history in chaparral ecosystems of the region, finding that our models successfully predict where the largest wildfires are most likely to occur. There is a surprising lack of information about extreme wind patterns worldwide, and more quantitative analyses of their spatial variation will be important for effective fire management and sustainable long‐term urban development on fire‐prone landscapes.
A SLA graph model for data services

Cloud computing has given rise to on-demand service provisioning and massive outsourcing of IT infrastructures and applications to virtual, commoditized ones. Despite the broad Service Level Agreement (SLA) usage in scientific settings, their role in cloud markets is peripheral and misinterpreted. The paper introduces a SLA graph data model that supports automated SLA formalization and data management through a property digraph. The data model is described as a directed graph (digraph). We elaborate on node and edge properties that indicate dependencies in the SLA data management flow. We sketch a realistic scenario of cloud data service provisioning to extract attributes that characterize the data service. The SLA graph model and data service attributes are used to demonstrate the formalization of a SLA template that is managed as a property graph. The graph structure enables the manipulation of SLA information in a modular, extensible way that considers the data flow and all inclusive data dependencies.
Comparing Professional and Academic Qualifications as a Route to Institutional Curriculum Change

There are many current initiatives concerned with achieving institutional changes to curricula. These include, inter alia, various versions of online learning, distance learning and work-based learning. This paper considers blending academic curricula and qualifications with professional body curricula and qualifications as a possible way of achieving cost-effective curricula change. The author’s home institution currently delivers Academic Qualifications in Facilities Management (FM); a BSc (Hons) and an MSc. The institution also delivers the Professional Qualifications for the relevant professional body, the British Institute of Facilities Management (BIFM), at levels 4, 5 and 6.All qualifications and awards are delivered by web-based distance learning. This paper analyses the content and assessment of the Professional Qualification and compares the Professional Qualification with the equivalent Academic Qualification. Using both quantitative and qualitative analysis the paper finds that the Professional Qualification is more challenging and more rigorous than the Academic Qualification. The expectations of the learners from the professional body are higher than the expectations of the students from the university. The implications of this finding are then considered. Given that the Professional Qualification is more challenging and rigorous, could the institutional curricula be changed so that the Professional Qualification could be integrated into an Academic Qualification, thus opening a vocational route for a degree? The paper concludes with a brief consideration of the financial costs and other implications of such an institutional curricula change.
High-speed gaze controller for millisecond-order pan/tilt camera

We developed an optical high-speed gaze controller, called the “Saccade Mirror”, and used it to realize a high-speed pan/tilt camera with a high-speed image processor. Generally, in a pan/tilt camera, the gaze is controlled mechanically by rotational actuators. However, because pan/tilt cameras will be expected to use high-speed image processing (≥ 1000 fps), sufficiently high-speed performance of the gaze controller, comparable to the high frame rate, cannot be obtained with the usual method. In our system, the camera itself was fixed, and an external Saccade Mirror subsystem was used for optical gaze control. An arbitrary gaze direction within ±30 deg could be achieved in less than 3.5 ms.
Effectiveness of Omega-3 Supplement on Lipid Profile and Lipid Peroxidation in Kidney Allograft Recipients

Background Omega-3 fatty acids carry major roles in mediating inflammation, immune response, lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism. Diversity of health benefits have been attributed to dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids in transplant and nontransplant settings. Several studies in renal transplantation have suggested that supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids may lead to significant clinical benefits. However, the extents of these benefits are variable and published data had not coincided with positive findings. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation on the lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in patients underwent kidney transplant. Patients and Methods Thirty cases had been selected with stable allograft function following at least six months of transplantation. The serum levels of lipids including triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol and indices of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde and APO a1) were measured by biochemical techniques at the baseline. Two months following prescription of oral omega-3 (3 g/day), the biochemical measurements were repeated and the differences were analyzed. Results Of thirty patients, 12 were male and 18 were female with the mean age of 45.3 ± 13.0 (18-65) years. At the baseline, the serum levels of MDA and APO B were 3.5 ± 1.3 and 148.3 ± 20.4 ng/dL respectively. At the end of two months following intervention, they were 3.2 ± 1.2 and 145.7 ± 19.0 ng/dL, respectively (P > 0.05). Correspondingly, at the baseline the serum levels of triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and total cholesterol were 171.1 ± 58.7, 106.9 ± 31.8, 42.2 ± 4.0, 145.7 ± 33.2 and 181.2 ± 35.1 mg/dL and after intervention they were 162.4 ± 82.5, 99.4 ± 35.1, 44.6 ± 6.3, 140.3 ± 33.1 and 170.9 ± 38.3 mg/dL, respectively (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the males and females in this instance. Conclusions Our results seem to indicate that oral omega-3 may promote the lipid profile and indices of lipid peroxidation in patients following kidney transplantation however extents of these effects are not significant.
A RAPID GENERATION SCHEME OF LARGE PRIMES

RSA is by far the most widely adopted standard in public key cryptography algorithm. Its security depends on the Integer Factorization Problem, that it is very easy to calculate the product of two large prime numbers, but the decomposition the product and get the prime factors are very difficult. Therefore, the generations of large primes are important research field. This paper presented a rapid generation scheme of it, and the techniques for the related software implementation were presented. To speed up the modular multiplication and squaring, Montgomery's algorithms were used with sliding window method. Three pretreatments were also described in details. In view of prime generation of RSA, a series of design methods for software implementation was proposed and give the optimization programs.
Temperature changes in the human leg during and after two methods of cryotherapy.

OBJECTIVE To compare the cooling and rewarming effects of two clinical 20-minute cryotherapy treatments on the temperature of the human leg. DESIGN AND SETTING Sixteen subjects were randomly treated with either 20 minutes of a 1.8-kg crushed-ice pack, placed directly over the left calf, or a 20-minute immersion in a cold (10 degrees C) whirlpool. Data were collected at a university human performance research laboratory. SUBJECTS Seventeen male and 15 female healthy college students. MEASUREMENTS Subcutaneous and muscle tissue temperatures were measured by 26-gauge hypodermic needle microprobe inserted in the calf, just below the skin, or 1 cm below the subcutaneous fat, respectively. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the decrease in intramuscular temperatures between treatments (t (30) = -1.76, P = . 09). The ice pack treatment significantly decreased the subcutaneous temperature more than the whirlpool (t (30) = -2.64, P = . 01). The subcutaneous temperature rewarmed significantly more in the ice pack group (12.3 +/- 3.3 degrees C) than the cold whirlpool (7.4 +/- 2.1 degrees C) (t (30) = 4.98, P = . 0000). The ice pack group's intramuscular temperature increased over each 5-minute interval of the 30-minute post-treatment period for an overall increase of 2.0 +/- 3.1 degrees C. During the 30-minute post- treatment the cold whirlpool group continued to cool, for an overall decrease of 1.8 +/- 1.4 degrees C. This difference between groups at the end of the 30-minute post-treatment was significant (t(30) = 4.44, P = . 0001). CONCLUSIONS As administered in our protocol, cold whirlpool is superior to crushed-ice packs in maintaining prolonged significant temperature reduction after treatment.
For Peer Review Pricing Bridges to Cross a River

Complete List of Authors: Bouhtou, Mustapha; France Telecom, Research & Development Grigoriev, Alexander; Maastricht University, Quantitative Economics van Hoesel, Stan; Maastricht University, Quantitative Economics van der Kraaij, Anton; Maastricht University, Quantitative Economics Spieksma, Frits; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Applied Economics Uetz, Marc; Maastricht University, Quantitative Economics
Resource allocation with LBS information for cellular based D2D communication networks

D2D (Device-to-Device) communication is emerging technique to increase resource utilization and spectrum efficiency. However, D2D communication has a problem that the efficiency decreases due to interference is increased. we propose a resource allocation scheme to decrease interference. D2D communication utilizes the location information and SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio). In this case, eNB (eNodeB) know the location of all devices. The proposed scheme ensures performance of the D2D communication when the D2D link share the resources of the cellular network in the uplink. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has the throughput better than scheme with location information.
The effectiveness and cost implications of task-shifting in the delivery of antiretroviral therapy to HIV-infected patients: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Human resource shortages are a challenge to the rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected patients, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Task-shifting has been recommended as an approach to reduce the impact of human resource shortages. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies to assess the effectiveness of task-shifting, and its impact on costs of ART provision. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge and the Current Controlled Trials Register for articles published up to January 2011. We included studies evaluating any task-shifting model against any other intervention using any of the following outcomes: mortality (all causes); occurrence of new AIDS-defining illness; virological outcomes; CD4 cell count; adherence to ART medicines (e.g. self-report and pill counts); hospital admissions; clinic visits; toxicity or adverse events; quality of life indicators; costs and cost-effectiveness. We did not pool the results because of high levels of clinical heterogeneity. RESULTS We identified six effectiveness studies including a total of 19 767 patients. Non-inferior patient outcomes were achieved with task-shifting from doctors to nurses, or from health care professionals to mid-level workers or lay health workers. However, most of the identified studies were underpowered to detect any difference. Three studies were identified on the cost implications of task-shifting. Task-shifting resulted in substantial cost and physician time savings. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence suggests that task-shifting from doctors to nurses, or from health care professionals to lay health workers can potentially reduce costs of ART provision without compromising health outcomes for patients. Task-shifting is therefore a potentially effective and cost-effective approach to addressing the human resource limitations to ART rollout. However, most of the studies conducted were relatively small and more evidence is needed for each task-shifting model as it is currently limited.
Exploring the Association Between HIV and Violence : Young People ’ s Experiences with Infidelity , Violence And Forced Sex in Dar es Salaam , Tanzania

International Family Planning Perspectives Studies throughout the world have found an association between gender-based violence and HIV risk behaviors and HIV serostatus.1 Research conducted in Soweto, South Africa, provided evidence supporting this association by finding that male partners who are abusive are more likely than those who are not to be HIV-positive.2 Moreover, a quantitative study conducted by our research team in 1999 to explore the association between HIV and violence among women at an HIV voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, found a strong and consistent association.3 HIV-infected women reported significantly more sexual violence in their relationships, a larger mean number of physically violent partners in their lifetime and a larger number of physically violent episodes with their current partner. An association between women’s history of violence and their HIV serostatus has been found in other settings. A study conducted in Kigali, Rwanda, revealed that women with a history of sexual coercion were more likely than those without such a history to be HIV-positive. The study also found that violent male partners had elevated odds of being HIVpositive.4 In the Soweto study mentioned earlier, women’s risk of being HIV-positive was associated with both intimate partner violence and high levels of male control in the current relationship after the effects of women’s risk behaviors were accounted for. The authors postulated that abusive men are more likely than nonabusive men to be HIV-positive and to practice risky sexual behaviors with their partners.5 In our previous research in Tanzania, we found a particularly strong association between history of violence and HIV serostatus among women younger than 30. In that agegroup, the odds of reporting physical violence with a current partner were 10 times as high among HIV-positive women as among HIV-negative women.6 This association between HIV and violence among youth in particular has since been documented by researchers in other countries.7
Failure detectors as first class objects

One of the fundamental differences between a centralized system and a distributed one is the notion of partial failures. The ability to efficiently and accurately detect failures is a key element underlying reliable distributed computing. In current distributed systems, however, failure detection is either left to the application developer or hidden from the programmer and provided in an ad-hoc manner behind the scenes. We plead for an intermediate approach where failure detectors are first-class objects. We view failure detection as an abstraction, the complexity of which is encapsulated behind well-defined interfaces. The various roles of a failure detection service are all represented as first-class objects. Following our approach, one can reuse existing failure detection protocols as they are, or, through composition or refinement, one can define new protocols that match the application requirements. We describe an interesting result of a composition that mixes push and pull failure monitoring, and we show how scalability issues may be addressed by using a hierarchical failure detection configuration. We also discuss the implementation of our failure service both in CORBA and in Java.
Summary Migrating glioma cells activate the PI 3K pathway and display decreased susceptibility to apoptosis

Current treatments for the most common form of brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are disappointing in their effectiveness. Most patients diagnosed with a GBM survive less than a year despite intensive treatment, which may include surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. Treatment failure is due, in part, to the infiltration of glioma cells into normal brain. Because they reside within normal brain, migrating glioma cells are not typically removed by surgical resection or targeted by radiation and chemotherapy. Therapies that effectively target invasive glioma cells may significantly improve therapeutic outcome. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that apoptosis is suppressed when cells adopt a migratory phenotype (Mariani et al., 2001). We have obtained the gene expression profile of human glioma cells that have invaded into normal brain tissue in vivo and compared it with the profile of the noninvasive glioma cells residing within the tumor core. Invasive glioma cells show a shift in the expression of several apoptosis regulatory genes consistent with a decreased ability to undergo apoptosis (Mariani et al., 2001). Other groups have obtained molecular evidence of a link between apoptosis and migration. There appears to be a
Significance of AntiC 1 q Antibodies in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as A Marker of Disease Activity and Lupus Nephritis

Anti-C1q autoantibodies have been proposed as a useful marker in SLE. This study aimed at measuring serum levels of anti-C1q antibodies in patients with SLE and investigates correlations of this level with the histopathological classes of renal biopsies and disease activity. The anti-C1q antibody level was measured in 30 females SLE patients and 20 controls. The activity of SLE disease was calculated according to the SLE disease activity index. A renal biopsy from patients with clinical manifestations of renal disease was obtained. There was a significant increase in the level of anti-C1q antibodies in SLE patients than controls and in patients with active LN than inactive LN (P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between anti-C1q antibody level and SLEDAI & rSLEDAI scores and activity index score of renal biopsies. Anti-C1q antibodies showed higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than anti-dsDNA antibodies. In conclusion, anti-C1q antibodies are useful and sensitive non-invasive biomarker with high specificity in combination with anti-dsDNA antibodies for the diagnosis of renal disease activity.
Base on human-computer interaction perspective to analyze the factors of Technology Acceptance Model on IRSSP for Taiwan recommendatory admission

The study purpose is aimed to explore the impact factors of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, and Attitude toward Using in Technology Acceptance Model on internal rating system for star plan in Taiwan based on the perspective of Human-Computer Interaction. A twenty-six-item questionnaire was developed according to literature review. Path analysis approach was employed for data analysis. Total 235 valid samples were selected from senior high school student at three grades. The convenience sampling strategy was implemented. The result support our hypothesis that Human-Computer Interaction can predict Perceived Usefulness (β=0.253; p<0.01), Perceived Ease of Use (β=0.160; p<0.01), and Attitude Toward Using (β=0.258; p<0.01) positively, meanwhile, Perceived Ease of Use can predict Perceived Usefulness (β=0.220; p<0.05) and Perceived Usefulness can predict Perceived Ease of Use (β=0.112; p<0.05), moreover, Perceived Ease of Use (β = 0.254; p<0.05) and Perceived Usefulness (β=0.716; p=0.000) can predict Attitude Toward Using. Conclusions and suggestions were made dependent on our research findings.
Model Misspecification When Excluding Instrumental Variables from PS Models in Settings Where Instruments Modify the Effects of Covariates on Treatment

Abstract Theory and simulations show that variables affecting the outcome only through exposure, known as instrumental variables (IVs), should be excluded from propensity score (PS) models. In pharmacoepidemiologic studies based on automated healthcare databases, researchers will sometimes use a single PS model to control for confounding when evaluating the effect of a treatment on multiple outcomes. Because these “full” models are not constructed with a specific outcome in mind, they will usually contain a large number of IVs for any individual study or outcome. If researchers subsequently decide to evaluate a subset of the outcomes in more detail, they can construct reduced “outcome-specific” models that exclude IVs for the particular study. Accurate estimates of PSs that do not condition on IVs, however, can be compromised when simply excluding instruments from the full PS model. This misspecification may have a negligible impact on effect estimates in many settings, but is likely to be more pronounced for situations where instruments modify the effects of covariates on treatment (instrument–confounder interactions). In studies evaluating drugs during early dissemination, the effects of covariates on treatment are likely modified over calendar time and IV–confounder interaction effects on treatment are likely to exist. In these settings, refitting more flexible PS models after excluding IVs and IV–confounder interactions can work well. The authors propose an alternative method based on the concept of marginalization that can be used to remove the negative effects of controlling for IVs and IV–confounder interactions without having to refit the full PS model. This method fits the full PS model, including IVs and IV–confounder interactions, but marginalizes over values of the instruments. Fitting more flexible PS models after excluding IVs or using the full model to marginalize over IVs can prevent model misspecification along with the negative effects of balancing instruments in certain settings.