Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Allergic Disorders among Primary School-Aged Children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia: Two-Stage Cross-Sectional Survey

Background There are limited data on the epidemiology of allergic disorders in Saudi Arabia. Such data are needed for, amongst other things, helping to plan service provision at a time when there is considerable investment taking place in national healthcare development. We sought to estimate the prevalence of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma in primary school children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Methods and Findings We conducted a two-stage cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren in Madinah. Children were recruited from 38 randomly selected schools. Questionnaires were sent to the parents of all 6,139 6–8 year old children in these schools. These parental-completed questionnaires incorporated questions from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), which had previously been validated for use in Arab populations. We undertook descriptive analyses, using the Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) to calculate 95% confidence intervals. The overall response rate was 85.9% (n = 5,188), 84.6% for girls and 86.2% for boys, respectively. Overall, parents reported symptoms suggestive of a history of eczema in 10.3% (95%CI 9.4, 11.4), rhinitis in 24.2% (95%CI 22.3, 26.2) and asthma in 23.6% (95%CI 21.3, 26.0) of children. Overall, 41.7% (95%CI 39.1, 44.4) of children had symptoms suggestive of at least one allergic disorder, with a substantial minority manifesting symptoms indicative of co-morbid allergic disease. Comparison of these symptom-based prevalence estimates with reports of clinician-diagnosed disease suggested that the majority of children with eczema and asthma had been diagnosed, but only a minority (17.4%) of children had been diagnosed with rhinitis. International comparisons indicated that children in Madinah have amongst the highest prevalence of allergic problems in the world. Conclusions Symptoms indicative of allergic disease are very common in primary school-aged children in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, with figures comparable to the highest risk regions in the world.
The climate response to CO2 of the Hadley Centre coupled AOGCM with and without flux adjustment

Coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models have a tendency to drift away from a realistic climatology. The modelled climate response to an increase of CO2 concentration may be incorrect if the simulation of the current climate has significant errors, so in many models, including ours, the drift is counteracted by applying prescribed fluxes of heat and fresh water at the ocean‐atmosphere interface in addition to the calculated surface exchanges. Since the additional fluxes do not have a physical basis, the use of this technique of “flux adjustment” itself introduces some uncertainty in the simulated response to increased CO2. We find that the global‐average temperature response of our model to CO2 increasing at 1% per year is about 30% less without flux adjustment than with flux adjustment. The geographical patterns of the response are similar, indicating that flux adjustment is not causing any gross distortion. The reduced size of the response is due to more effective vertical transport of heat into the ocean, and a somewhat smaller climate sensitivity. Although the response in both cases lies within the generally accepted range for the climate sensitivity, systematic uncertainties of this size are clearly undesirable, and the best strategy for future development is to improve the climate model in order to reduce the need for flux adjustment.
M2C: Concise Music Representation for 3D Dance Generation

Generating 3D dance motions that are synchronized with music is a difficult task, as it involves modelling the complex interplay between musical rhythms and human body movements. Most existing approaches focus on improving the dance generation network, often overlooking the importance of the music feature processing stage which plays a crucial role in dance motion generation. In this paper, we propose music codes, a better latent representation for music features using discrete variables. We present a comprehensive analysis of the music features and propose a different normalization procedure to address the scale imbalance issue within music features. We also introduce the Music-to-Codes (M2C) network, a VQ-VAE inspired network as a music code extractor to replace existing music feature processors. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we combine M2C with Stochastic Motion GPT (SM-GPT), our modification of a recent SoTA dance generation method. Our extensive evaluation and ablation study demonstrates that our dance generation pipeline (using M2C and SM-GPT) significantly improves the dance generation result both qualitatively and quantitatively across all evaluation metrics. Our work opens up new possibilities for exploring the relationship between music and dance, contributing to more effective music-conditioned 3D dance generation.
Late-Holocene climate in the Lower Narmada valley, Gujarat, western India, inferred using sedimentary carbon and oxygen isotope ratios

We report the late-Holocene climate and vegetation of the Lower Narmada valley, Gujarat, western India as inferred from the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) of sedimentary carbonates and the associated organic carbon. The alluvial plain from the surface to a depth of ~2 m consists of late-Holocene sediments, deposited during last ~3 kyr, probably by large historic and paleofloods. δ13C of both carbonates and organic carbon in the sediments suggest that climate was subhumid throughout the late Holocene (~ 3 kyr) as it is today, and the vegetation was of mixed C3-C4 type with little change in their relative proportions. The modern vegetation mostly comprises shrubs and scattered woody plants (C3) with a little grass (C4) in some places. The recent change in vegetation is attributable to anthropogenic disturbance: the natural grasslands (C4) are replaced by shrubs and woody plants (C3). Two comparatively drier events at ~2.1 ka and ~1.3 ka are observed, consistent with widespread proxy paleoclimatic records and are attributed to a weaker southwest monsoon rain. Marine influence on the isotopic compositions is observed in a cliff section of the Narmada estuary throughout its depositional history of ~4.2 kyr. The radiocarbon ages of the sediments are of the order of decades to a century at the surface and increase almost linearly with depth, being 1000–3000 yr at ~100 cm and 3200–4200 yr at ~200 cm.
Association of HLA-G 3 0 untranslated region variants with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Besides the well recognized association of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), linkage studies have identiﬁed a gene region close to the non-classical class I HLA-G gene as an independent susceptibility marker. HLA-G is constitutively expressed in the endocrine compartment of the human pancreas and may play a role in controlling autoimmune responses. We evaluated the genetic diversity of the 3 0 untranslated region (3 0 UTR) of HLA-G, which have been associated with HLA-G mRNA post-transcriptional regulation, in 120 Brazilian T1D patients and in 120 healthy controls. We found the +3001 T allele was observed only in T1D patients. Notably, the +3001 T allele was in linkage disequilibrium with polymorphic sites associated with low production of HLA-G mRNA or soluble HLA-G levels. Moreover, T1D patients showed a low frequency of the HLA-G 3 0 UTR-17 (14bpINS/+3001T/+3003T/+30 10C/+3027C/+3035T/+3142G/+3187A/+3196C). The +3010 CC genotype and the UTR-3 haplotype (14bp DEL/+3001C/+3003T/+3010C/+3027C/+3035C/+3142G/+3187A/+3196C), associated with low and moderate soluble HLA-G expression, respectively, were underrepresented in patients. The decreased expression of HLA-G at the pancreas level should be detrimental in individuals genetically prone to produce less HLA-G.
DinG – a corpus of transcriptions of real-life, oral, spontaneous multi-party dialogues between French-speaking players of Catan

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. DinG – a corpus of transcriptions of real-life, oral, spontaneous multi-party dialogues between French-speaking players of Catan Maria Boritchev, Maxime Amblard
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Technical Note: Continuity of Mipas-envisat Operational Ozone Data Quality from Full-to Reduced-spectral-resolution Operation Mode

MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is operating on the ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) since March 2002. After two years of nearly continuous limb scanning measurements, at the end of March 2004, the instrument was stopped due to problems with the mirror drive of the interferometer. Operations with reduced maximum path difference, corresponding to both a reduced-spectral-resolution and a shorter measurement time, were resumed on January 2005. In order to exploit the reduction in measurement time, the measurement scenario was changed adopting a finer vertical limb scanning. The change of spectral resolution and of measurement scenario entailed an update of the data processing strategy. The aim of this paper is the assessment of the differences in the quality of the MIPAS ozone data acquired before and after the stop of the operations. Two sets of MIPAS ozone profiles acquired in 2003–2004 (full-resolution measurements) and in 2005–2006 (reduced-resolution measurements) are compared with collocated ozone profiles obtained by GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars), itself also onboard ENVISAT. The continuity of the GOMOS data quality allows to assess a possible discontinuity of the MI-PAS performances. The relative bias and precision of MI-PAS ozone profiles with respect to the GOMOS ones have been compared for the measurements acquired before and after the stop of the MIPAS operations. The results of the comparison show that, in general, the quality of the MI-PAS ozone profiles retrieved from reduced-resolution measurements is comparable or better than that obtained from the full-resolution dataset. The only significant change in MIPAS performances is observed at pressures around 2 hPa, where the relative bias of the instruments increases by a factor of 2 from the 2003–2004 to 2005–2006 measurements.
Atlantic Water flow to the Kara Sea - comparing model results with observations

The Kara Sea, due to its geographic location downstream of the main eastward Atlantic Water inflow through the Barents Sea, is strongly influenced by the history of the Atlantic Water masses which enter at its western entrances: the Kara Strait and the passage between Franz Josef Land and Novaya Semlya. Little is known about the interannual variability of temperature, salinity and volume fluxes through these entrances.The present investigation analyzes model results from 1979 to 1999 and compares them to hydrographic observations in the Barents and Kara seas with respect to the interannual variability of Atlantic Water flow through the western entrances of the Kara Sea. Model results and observations suggest the propagation of sequences of warm and cold anomalies through the area of investigation. Most prominent are anomalously cold years 1986, 1993 and 1998 for the Kara Strait throughflow which are associated with weak eastward or even westward flow over periods up to several months. For the passage between Franz Josef Land and Novaya Semlya, the entire period of the 1990s is characterized by warm deep water temperatures. In the early and late 1990s also the eastward volume fluxes are at their maximum. We discuss an Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis of the velocity in the Barents and Kara Seas. The warm and cold phases are associated with the first two modes of the velocity pattern in the domain. The links of these velocity patterns with the large scale sea level pressure are discussed.
Understanding the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated alpine catchment in the Himalayan region using the J2000 hydrological model

This paper provides the results of hydrological modelling in a mesoscale glaciated alpine catchment of the Himalayan region. In the context of global climate change, the hydrological regime of an alpine mountain is likely to be affected, which might produce serious implications for downstream water availability. The main objective of this study was to understand the hydrological system dynamics of a glaciated catchment, the Dudh Kosi River basin, in Nepal, using the J2000 hydrological model and thereby understand how the rise in air temperature will affect the hydrological processes. The model is able to reproduce the overall hydrological dynamics quite well with an efficiency result of Nash–Sutcliffe (0.85), logarithm Nash–Sutcliffe (0.93) and coefficient of determination (0.85) for the study period. The average contribution from glacier areas to total streamflow is estimated to be 17%, and snowmelt (other than from glacier areas) accounts for another 17%. This indicates the significance of the snow and glacier runoff in the Himalayan region. The hypothetical rise in temperature scenarios at a rate of +2 and +4 °C indicated that the snowmelt process might be largely affected. An increase in snowmelt volume is noted during the premonsoon period, whereas the contribution during the monsoon season is significantly decreased. This occurs mainly because the rise in temperature will shift the snowline up to areas of higher altitude and thereby reduce the snow storage capacity of the basin. This indicates that the region is particularly vulnerable to global climate change and the associated risk of decreasing water availability to downstream areas. Under the assumed warming scenarios, it is likely that in the future, the river might shift from a ‘melt‐dominated river’ to a ‘rain‐dominated river’. The J2000 model should be considered a promising tool to better understand the hydrological dynamics in alpine mountain catchments of the Himalayan region. This understanding will be quite useful for further analysis of ‘what‐if scenarios’ in the context of global climate and land‐use changes and ultimately for sustainable Integrated Water Resources Management in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine: a pre-and post-exposure survey in Majmaah University, saudi Arabia

Background: Evidently, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a recognized medical practice that efficiently uses multiple treatment therapies and techniques in the prevention and management of a variety of human disorders. Many medical schools have integrated CAM curriculum in medical education system worldwide. Research in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of diverse health professionals exposed to CAM courses is important from many perspectives including improvement in KAP and teaching skills of faculty, together with capacity building and curriculum development. Objective and setting: This pre- and post-design cross-sectional study aimed to assess CAM-KAP of two intakes of medical students in Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The second-year medical students of the first (year 2012–2013) and second (year 2013–2014) intake (n = 26 and 39, respectively) were selected for this study. A reliable, 16-item self-administered questionnaire was distributed among all the students for answering before and after the 48-hour CAM course. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical test of significance. Results: Medical students’ knowledge and attitude toward CAM significantly improved across some subitems of CAM questionnaire with a positive trend in the rest of its items including their views on CAM practices. Conclusion: CAM course tends to have a positive impact on KAP of medical students. The preliminary results of this study call for further research with a larger sample in academic settings across the nation.
Prelaunch calibration and primary results from in-orbit calibration of the atmospheric correction microwave radiometer (ACMR) on the HY-2A satellite of China

The atmospheric correction microwave radiometer (ACMR) is one of the main payloads for correcting atmospheric path delay in the radar altimeter on the Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) satellite. The ACMR is a three-band microwave radiometer operating at 18.7, 23.8, and 37.0 GHz. Calibration of the ACMR is important for applying its measurements to correct for atmospheric effects on the HY-2A altimeter signal transmission in the air. Therefore, a detailed introduction to the principles and specifications of the ACMR system is given first. The thermal vacuum calibration method of the ACMR is discussed and analysed, and the microwave transfer functions and related coefficients are given, especially the nonlinear coefficients derived from a test for correcting nonlinear responses between the input of antenna temperature and the output of voltage at each channel of the ACMR. Furthermore, antenna pattern correction algorithms for removing the effects of side lobe and cross-polarization are derived and their coefficients are used for in-orbit data processing. Primary calibration results are given by comparing with the similar spaceborne Jason microwave radiometer (JMR) on the Jason-1 satellite and with the advanced microwave radiometer (AMR) on Jason-2. The results of this comparison show that the data from the ACMR match well to those from the JMR and AMR.
The effect and spread of a lidocaine or a lidocaine/bupivacaine mixture 1 administered into the infraorbital canal in dogs 2

Objective To determine onset, duration and spread of lidocaine (L) or lidocaine/ bupivacaine 32 (LB) administered into the infraorbital canal in dogs. Procedures Dogs were anesthetized with intravenous propofol, maintained with isoflurane in 37 oxygen and ventilated in lateral recumbency. Stimulating needles were inserted into the gingiva 38 lateral to both maxillary C, one P4 and one M2. Following noxious stimulation at each site the 39 digastricus reflex was recorded as a REMP. Values from three baseline measurements, made at 40 10 minute intervals, were averaged. Lidocaine (1 mL of 2%) or lidocaine and bupivacaine 41 (0.5%) (0.5 mL of each solution) were then deposited at about 2/3 the length of the infraorbital 42 canal. Recordings were made at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, then every 20 minutes for up 43 to 7 hours. The REMP area for the unblocked canine tooth was used to normalize results for all 44 three sites on the blocked side at each time and expressed as a percent of baseline. Results With both treatments 5/6 C were blocked by 5 minutes and one by 10 minutes and only 3/6 P4 and one M2 were blocked. The average duration of the block for C was 120 ± 54 and 277 ± 43 ( p =0.016), for P4, 168 ± 107 and 253 ± 83 and for M2, 15 and 45 minutes, for L and LB, 49 respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The deposition of 1 mL of L or LB, at about 2/3rds the length of the infraorbital canal, successfully blocked C but failed to consistently block P4 or M2. technique
Three‐dimensional structure of P‐wave anisotropy in the presence of small‐scale convection in the mantle wedge

As a possible explanation of “hot fingers” in the mantle wedge below the Tohoku region, Japan, the existence of small‐scale convection has been proposed. In this study, we performed numerical calculations around the subduction zone in 3D with composite rheology (i.e., a combination of linear and non‐linear rheology) and found that small‐scale convection could arise when the rheology determined from laboratory experiments is considered. We also calculated 3D structure of expected P‐wave anisotropy for the case with and without small‐scale convection based on a theory of LPO development and an assumption that anisotropy is approximately represented as hexagonal symmetry, and found that the fast axis of the P‐wave propagation projected on the horizontal cross‐sections is nearly in the same direction as that of plate motion in many places. It implies that effects of large‐scale mantle flow associated with subducting slab is still dominant even in the presence of small‐scale convection in mantle wedge. However, in vertical cross‐sections, the projected fast axis of the P‐wave propagation could tilt vertically while that without small‐scale convection is almost horizontal. Therefore, future seismological studies that determine the fast direction of P‐wave propagation in 3D would give us critical information on the possible existence of small‐scale convection in the mantle wedge.
Arsenic trioxide-mediated oxidative stress and genotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Background: Arsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, and abnormalities of the skin, lung, kidney, and liver are the most common outcomes of long-term arsenic exposure. This study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods and results: A mild cytotoxic response of arsenic trioxide was observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, as evident by (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and lactate dehydrogenase assays after 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Arsenic trioxide elicited a significant ( P , 0.01) reduction in glutathione (15.67% and 26.52%), with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde level (67.80% and 72.25%; P , 0.01), superoxide dismutase (76.42% and 81.09%; P , 0.01), catalase (73.33% and 76.47%; P , 0.01), and reactive oxygen species generation (44.04% and 56.14%; P , 0.01) after 24 and 48 hours of exposure, respectively. Statistically significant ( P , 0.01) induction of DNA damage was observed by the comet assay in cells exposed to arsenic trioxide. It was also observed that apoptosis occurred through activation of caspase-3 and phosphatidylserine externalization in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells exposed to arsenic trioxide. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that arsenic trioxide induces apoptosis and
Informatique Affective : Affichage, Reconnaissance, et Synthèse par Ordinateur des Émotions. (Affective Computing: Display, Recognition, and Computer Synthesis of Emotions)

L'informatique Affective regarde la computation que se rapporte, surgit de, ou influence deliberement les emotions et trouve son domaine d'application naturel dans les interactions homme-machine a haut niveau d'abstraction. L'informatique affective peut etre divisee en trois sujets principaux, a savoir: l'affichage,l'identification, et la synthese. La construction d'une machine intelligente capable dinteragir'de facon naturelle avec son utilisateur passe forcement par ce trois phases. Dans cette these nous proposions une architecture basee principalement sur le modele dite "Multimodal Affective User Interface" de Lisetti et la theorie psychologique des emotions nomme "Component Process Theory" de Scherer. Dans nos travaux nous avons donc recherche des techniques pour l'extraction automatique et en temps-reel des emotions par moyen des expressions faciales et de la prosodie vocale. Nous avons aussi traite les problematiques inherentes la generation d'expressions sur de differentes plateformes, soit elles des agents virtuel ou robotique. Finalement, nous avons propose et developpe une architecture pour des agents intelligents capable de simuler le processus humaine d'evaluation des emotions comme decrit par Scherer.