Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classifications of Odontoid Process Fractures: A Systematic Review and Proposal of a New Simplified Classification System Based on Embryology

Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical spine fractures in the elderly. Although many classification systems have been developed for them, the ambiguity in various definitions can potentially lead to misunderstandings. This paper aims to review the terminologies and current classification systems of odontoid fractures and propose a new, simplified anatomical classification. Given the descriptive variability of odontoid fractures in current classifications, we systematically reviewed the literature using PRISMA guidelines querying the National Library of Medicine PubMed database. The initial literature search yielded 175 publications. A total of seven reports met the inclusion criteria and were ultimately included for a full review. The classification systems previously used to categorize fractures of the odontoid process often need to be more transparent, imprecise, and incongruous. To simplify them, a new embryologically accurate system is proposed. A new embryological and anatomically-based system, combining the former systems' specific attributes, allows a more straightforward and adaptable classification of odontoid fractures.
Specificity Versus Generality: A Meta-Analytic Review Of The Association Between Trait Disgust Sensitivity And Moral Judgment

Disgust seems to play an important role in moral judgment. However, it is unclear whether the role of disgust in moral judgment is limited to certain kinds of moral domains (versus many) and/or certain types of disgust (versus many). To clarify these questions, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis (k = 512; N = 72,443) on relations between trait disgust sensitivity and moral judgment (disgust-immorality association). Main analyses revealed a significant overall mean disgust-immorality association (r = .23). Additionally, moderator analyses revealed significant specificity in disgust type and moral domain (grounded in Moral Foundations Theory): effects were stronger for (a) sexual disgust compared to pathogen disgust, (b) sanctity moral judgments compared to other domains of moral judgments, and (c) sexual-sanctity associations compared to other disgust type-moral domain pairings.
A New Tool for Determining and Monitoring Public Healthcare Systems

The challenge of maintaining a standard of treatment has become a core issue due to the COVID-19 outbreak, and many countries are currently addressing this issue. Since public health policymaking is a multidimensional issue, including different aspects, measures, features, and scales, and so forth, multidimensional definitions of reasonable medical treatments may improve planning and performance standards for public health systems. This study emphasizes the need to settle all of the dimensions in policymaking to aim to elicit reasonable medical treatment definitions and adequacy assessments from diverse healthcare stakeholders and offer a universally applicable reasonable medical treatment formula. Interviews of thirty-two stakeholders were qualitatively analyzed and mapped onto an innovative quadrilateral model. The findings showed that most interviewees viewed the system positively. However, they identified various lacunas—clinical/service, social/ethical, legal, and economically reasonable medical treatment aspects. A generic formula for the medical sub-services’ activity accounted for these, given any specific time period and technological development. The stakeholders’ positive assessment reflects an acquiescence for resource allocation and policy enforcement, rather than optimal healthcare. Nationally, this should be addressed. The quadrilateral mapping of the stakeholders enhances the translatability and generalizability of the systemic data. A comprehensive reasonable medical treatment formula will help the policymakers to optimize services, and it will render healthcare planning/implementation transparent, effective, and responsible.
15‐days duration of venetoclax combined with azacitidine in the treatment of relapsed/refractory high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: A retrospective single‐center study

The treatment of patients with refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR‐MDS) remains a daunting clinical challenge. Venetoclax is a selective BCL‐2 inhibitor, which combined with hypomethylating agents (HMAs), increased responses and prolonged survival in unfit and previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. We performed a retrospective study of patients with R/R HR‐MDS receiving combination azacytidine (AZA) plus 15‐days duration of venetoclax (VEN‐15d) in order to determine their efficacy and toxicity in this context. We showed that the overall response rate was 57.2% (20/35) and the median over survival was 14 months in R/R MDS. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were peripheral blood cytopenias and infectious complications. Our retrospective study showed that the real‐world experience of treating R/R MDS with AZA plus VEN‐15d highlights an encouraging response rate with myelosuppression being the major toxicity. Of note, VEN‐15d with AZA may salvage patients failing to respond optimally to HMAs and reduce the disease‐burden for subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplantation in our analysis. These data of combination AZA plus VEN‐15d in R/R MDS warrant further prospective evaluation in clinical trials.
Factors Associated with Sleep Quality Among Malaysian Undergraduate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Poor sleep quality has become a public health concern due to its association with several health risks. Recent studies had shown that university students had poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with sleep quality among undergraduate students in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study involved 377 undergraduates from public and private universities in Malaysia. The study ws conducted between 16 June 2021 to 31 July 2021. Respondents completed an online survey reagarding to their sociodemographic background, sleep quality, chronotype pattern, night eating syndrome, food security, physical activity, internet addiction and self-reported body weight and height. There was poor sleep quality in 62.3% of the respondents. Respondents who were Malay (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI =2.07-7.11), in the arts stream (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.20-5.42) and internet-addicted (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.22-3.77) had higher risk of poor sleep quality. Respondents who lived in a rented house (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.16-0.88), were sophomores (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.25-0.99) and were the morning chronotype (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17-0.72) had lower risk for developing poor sleep quality. This study underscored the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggested that by preventing internet addiction and the evening chronotype can improve sleep quality.
Structure of the H I near the Northeast Limb of the Cygnus Loop

Observations of the 21 cm neutral hydrogen line of the northeastern part of the Cygnus Loop have been made with the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory's Synthesis Telescope and the 26 m telescope. The northeast rim has a region almost free of confusing bright structures, allowing analysis of the velocity structure of the smoothly distributed H I near the limb. Spectral line maps in 128 channels with 1.65 km s-1 velocity separation were constructed for the region. The kinematic and positional data are evidence for a cloud of atomic material in the form of an expanding partial shell adjacent to the northeast limb of the Cygnus Loop. The partial shell is of relatively high density (≃4 cm-3), is expanding at ≃6 km s-1 with a velocity dispersion of ≃3 km s-1, is thick (~3 pc), and has a mass of ~8 M☉. Possible origins of the shell are discussed.
Fully recyclable multifunctional adhesive with high durability, transparency, flame retardancy, and harsh-environment resistance

Recyclable/reversible adhesives have attracted growing attention for sustainability and intelligence but suffer from low adhesion strength and poor durability in complex conditions. Here, we demonstrate an aromatic siloxane adhesive that exploits stimuli-responsive reversible assembly driven by π-π stacking, allowing for elimination and activation of interfacial interactions via infiltration-volatilization of ethanol. The robust cohesive energy from water-insensitive siloxane assembly enables durable strong adhesion (3.5 MPa shear strength on glasses) on diverse surfaces. Long-term adhesion performances are realized in underwater, salt, and acid/alkali solutions (pH 1-14) and at low/high temperatures (−10-90°C). With reversible assembly/disassembly, the adhesive is closed-loop recycled (~100%) and reused over 100 times without adhesion loss. Furthermore, the adhesive has unique combinations of high transparency (~98% in the visible light region of 400-800 nm) and flame retardancy. The experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the corresponding mechanism at the molecular level. This π-π stacking–driven siloxane assembly strategy opens up an avenue for high-performance adhesives with circular life and multifunctional integration.
Semibalance model : connection between geostrophic-type and balanced-type intermediate models

Abstract A hybrid intermediate model, called the semibalance model, is derived from a single truncation of the vector vorticity equation with a balanced vorticity approximation that neglects the advection and stretching–tilting of the unbalanced secondary flow vorticity. This approximation applies not only to straight fronts, like the semi-geostrophy (SG), but also to highly curved fronts and vortices in which the balanced leading-order velocity and unbalanced secondary vorticity are nearly parallel with slow spatial variations along the front or vortex flow. The semibalance model is similar to the balance equations based on momentum equations (BEM) except that the leading-order flow is nonlinearly balanced and the secondary circulation is not free of vertical vorticity. As in BEM, the truncated potential vorticity in the semibalance model is more accurate than in SG, and the problem with spurious high-frequency oscillation in BEM is eliminated in the semibalance model. The potential vorticity in the semi.
Three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix enhances chemically induced direct cardiac reprogramming

Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for cardiac regeneration. Full chemical reprogramming with small molecules to generate cardiomyocytes may be more amenable than genetic reprogramming for clinical applications as it avoids safety concerns associated with genetic manipulations. However, challenges remain regarding low conversion efficiency and incomplete cardiomyocyte maturation. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of chemically induced cardiomyocytes (CiCMs) has not been investigated. Here, we report that a three-dimensional microenvironment reconstituted with decellularized heart extracellular matrix can enhance chemical reprogramming and cardiac maturation of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes. The resultant CiCMs exhibit elevated cardiac marker expression, sarcomeric organization, and improved electrophysiological features and drug responses. We investigated the therapeutic potential of CiCMs reprogrammed in three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Our platform can facilitate the use of CiCMs for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening.
Modeling of Evaporation and Combustion of Droplets in a Spray Using the Unit Cell Approach: A Review

A comprehensive review of modeling of evaporation and combustion of liquid fuel droplets using “unit cell” approach is presented. The review starts with a general introduction to the different regimes of droplet combustion and a brief overview of other techniques used for evaluating mutual interaction of droplets before presenting the cell model in detail. In this review, the major developments in this approach, encompassing effects of gas-phase convection, high pressure, and multicomponent composition of fuels, are reviewed for both dense and dilute sprays.
Overcoming ray chaos

Computational difficulties associated with chaos may be overcome by solving eigenray problems with boundary‐value techniques rather than the initial‐value technique of shooting. The nonlinear differential equation for the ray paths is therefore somewhat analogous to stiff linear differential equations. The boundary‐value problem is solved using the bending method and simulated annealing. Numerical results are presented for problems that are ill‐posed as initial‐value problems but well posed as boundary‐value problems.
The Correlation of Built Environment on Hypertension, and Weight Status amongst Adolescence in Saudi Arabia

The prevalence of hypertension is becoming more common in children and adolescents than ever before. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between the built environment on physical activity, sedentary behaviour, waist circumference, and health amongst adolescents in Saudi Arabia. A systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate and waist circumference of 380 boys and girls aged between 15–19 years old (male = 199 and females = 181) were measured. The International physical activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to assess the physical activity levels and time spent sitting. The statistical analysis conducted were means and standard deviation, 2-way and 3-way of variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post hoc tests, Chi-squared distribution and Pearson’s correlations. Among males, 16.75% were classified as hypertensive, 12.69% as pre-hypertensive, and 70.56% as normal whereas, females, 23.20% were classified as hypertensive, 12.15% as pre-hypertensive and 64.64% as normal. There were significant differences (F1,379 = 16.50, p < 0.001) between males and females waist circumference. Pearson’s correlation also revealed significant positive relationships in sedentary time (r = 0.123, p < 0.016), WC (r = 0.104, p < 0.043), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.110, p < 0.032). The results revealed that systolic and diastolic blood pressure are significantly related to multiple measures of weight status, and sedentary behaviour. The results also highlight that active youth had lower resting heart rate compared to inactive peers. The present findings provide a foundation of knowledge for future research and highlight the major need for research and policy interventions, to address the concerning health habits of Al-Ahsa youth and broader Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
An Efficient Two‐Time‐Level Semi‐Lagrangian Semi‐Implicit Integration Scheme

The semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian integration technique enables numerical weather prediction models to be run with much longer timesteps than permitted by a semi-implicit Eulerian scheme. the choice of timestep can then be made on the basis of accuracy rather than stability requirements. to realize the full potential of the technique, it is important to maintain second-order accuracy in time; this has previously been achieved by applying it in the context of a three-time-level integration scheme. In this paper we present a two-time-level version of the technique which yields the same level of accuracy for half the computational effort. Unlike other efficient two-time-level schemes, ours does not rely on operator splitting. We apply this scheme to a variable-resolution barotropic finite-element regional model with a minimum gridlength of 100 km, using timesteps of up to three hours. the results are verified against a control run with uniformly high resolution, and are shown to be of similar accuracy to those of a semi-implicit Eulerian integration with a timestep of 10 minutes.
On the Exact Conditional Distribution for Peto's Combined Test for Carcinogenicity Assays

Abstract The most frequently used approach to analyze data from carcinogenicity assays is the method introduced by Peto et al. [Peto, R. , Pike, M. C. , Day, N. E. , Gray, R. G. , Lee, P. N. , Parish, S. , Peto, J., Richards, S. , Wahrendorf, J. (1980). Guidelines for simple, sensitive significance tests for carcinogenicity effects in long term animal experiments. In: Long Term and Short Term Screening Assays for Carcinogens: A Critical Appraisal. IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of the Carcenogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. Geneva: WHO, pp. 311–426, Annex to supplement 2]. These authors combine the logrank statistic used in the fatal context and the Mantel–Haenszel statistic appropriate for the incidental context into an overall test statistic. In this article, we investigate exact conditional distributions of this combined test statistic due to Peto et al. (1980), as well as that of its two components, within a rigorous mathematical framework. We derive exact distributions under different conditioning events, and we discuss their advantages and disadvantages. One of these conditioning events will lead to the well-known permutational distribution. These exact conditional distributions will be valid under the assumption of equal censoring distributions across the groups. An interesting result is that this assumption may be relaxed in the incidental context, at the expense of using a more restrictive condition than the one needed to obtain the permutational distribution. Clearly, less strict conditions lead to less discrete distributions and would therefore be preferable. However, relaxing the assumption of equal censoring across the experimental groups is an important goal because the censoring distributions usually differ across the experimental groups. We also show how these exact conditional distributions can be related to k × r tables and extended hypergeometric distributions. This is a very useful result because it allows one to apply efficient computer algorithms for k × r tables, such as those published by Mehta and Patel [Mehta, C. R. , Patel, N. R. (1983). A network algorithm for performing Fisher's exact test in rxc contingency tables. JASA 78:427–434] or Mehta et al. [Mehta, C. R. , Patel, N. R. , Tsiatis, A. A. (1984). Exact significance testing to establish treatment equivalence with ordered categorical data. Biometrics 40:819–825]. Further results include limit theorems about the exact conditional distributions, which converge to the same limit as the unconditional distribution of the combined test statistic, as derived by Heimann and Neuhaus [Heimann, G. , Neuhaus, G. (2001). On the asymptotic distribution for Peto's combined test for carcinogenicity assays under equal and unequal censoring. Biometrika 88:435–445] in an earlier article. We also discuss some previous proposals on how to obtain “exact” p values, and we show why these are wrong.
Three-Dimensionality of the BC87 Magnetotelluric Data Set Studied Using Mohr Circles

The BC87 magnetotelluric data are examined as Mohr circles. Examples are discussed which show two-dimensionality and three-dimensionality in the recorded data; there are only occasional instances of one-dimensionality, which are not consistent over wide frequency bands. Strong anisotropy and skeuw are common features of the impedance tensors, and from the Mohr circles it is clear that at some sites, the computed magnetotelluric phase will go outside the 0 → 90° range of the first quadrant
Efficient conditional preparation and assessment of single photon wavepackets based on spontaneous parametric downconversion in a KTP nonlinear waveguide (Invited Paper)

The reliable generation of true single-photon wavepackets with well-defined modal structure is a crucial ingredient for the realization of linear optical quantum computing. In this paper we present experimental results indicating the efficient generation of conditionally prepared single photons from parametric downconversion in a KTP nonlinear waveguide. In addition we present, theoretically and experimentally, a novel criterion for the assessment of conditional single photon sources which takes into account the contributions of heralded vacuum due to optical losses, of higher photon numbers and of the binary response of typical single photon detectors. Utilizing this criterion, we show that our KTP nonlinear waveguide represents a high fidelity source of conditionally prepared single photons.
N-Acetyl Cysteine-Mediated Improvements in Dental Restorative Material Biocompatibility

The fibroblast-rich gingival tissue is usually in contact with or adjacent to cytotoxic polymer-based dental restoration materials. The objective of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant amino acid, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), reduces the toxicity of dental restorative materials. Human oral fibroblasts were cultured with bis-acrylic, flowable composite, bulk-fill composite, self-curing acrylic, and titanium alloy test specimens. Cellular behavior and function were analyzed on and around the materials. Impregnation of the bulk-fill composite and self-curing acrylic with NAC reduced their toxicity, improving the attachment, growth, and function of human oral fibroblasts on and around the materials. These mitigating effects were NAC dose dependent. However, NAC impregnation of the bis-acrylic and flowable composite was ineffective, with no cells attaching to nor around the materials. Although supplementing the culture medium with NAC also effectively improved fibroblast behaviors, direct impregnation of materials with NAC was more effective than supplementing the cultures. NAC-mediated improvements in fibroblast behavior were associated with reduced production of reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione together with increased glutathione reserves, indicating that NAC effectively directly scavenged ROS from materials and reinforced the cellular antioxidant defense system. These results establish a proof of concept of NAC-mediated improvements in biocompatibility in the selected dental restorative materials.
A Weighted Network Evolution With Traffic Flow Under Preferential Attachment

With more attentions drawn to transportation, we find that it is available to analyze transportation system by using weighted networks. Distinguishing from traditional method, we introduce a dynamic weighted network model with evolutional size and weight. Additionally, the expected strength allocation vector of the model consists of a deterministic component reflecting preferential attachment and a random component, which can characterize the realistic network better. In this paper, we obtain the degree and strength distributions of the weighted network and we conclude that the network has scale-free characteristics.
Multi-Item Lot Size Scheduling by Heuristic Part I: With Fixed Resources

The multi-item lot size problem has been a formal management issue for some decades. The lot size decision of how much to produce and when usually considers the trade-off between lost productivity from frequent set-ups and short runs and the higher inventory costs arising from longer runs. When the decision must also consider shared limited production resources, the problem becomes complex. The paper is presented in two parts. Part I outlines a heuristic for solving the multi-item lot size problem given fixed production resources. The problem is initially structured as a network of unlimited capacity. An arc-cutting criterion is suggested, successively paring the unconstrained lot size optimum in low-cost increments until a feasible integer solution occurs. In Part II of this 2 part paper, the heuristic is extended to include variable capacity constraints. Computational results for both the fixed and variable capacity configurations and the bibliography conclude the presentation.