Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strange Bedfellows or Assortative Mates

attests, evolutionary theory is permeating nearly every researchhology. Editors Mark area in social psycSchaller, Jeff Simpson, and Doug Kenrick have chosen to represent a variety of new frontiers in evolutionary social psychology, including the self, relationships, group dynamics, aggression and altruism, stereotyping and prejudice, and judgment and decision-making. Overall, the volume makes a strong case for the adoption of an evolutionary perspective in social psychology. In many ways,
Macroprudential Policy: Its Effects and Relationship to Monetary Policy

This paper examines the interactions of macroprudential policy and monetary policy in a New Keynesian DSGE model with financial frictions. Macroprudential policy can stabilize credit cycles. However, a macroprudential instrument that aims to stabilize a specific segment of the credit market can cause regulatory arbitrage, that is, a reallocation of credit to a less regulated part of the market. Within this model, welfare-maximizing monetary policy aims to stabilize only inflation and macroprudential policy only stabilizes credit. Two aspects of the model account for this dichotomy. First, credit stabilization is welfare improving because lower volatility is compensated by higher mean equilibrium credit and capital. Second, monetary policy is sub-optimal for credit stabilization. The reason is that it operates on the decisions of borrowers and savers, while macroprudential policy operates only on the decisions of borrowers.
Post-Classification Change Detection of High Resolution Satellite Images Using AdaBoost Classifier

This paper presents a post-classification approach that can achieve efficient results for change detection by using AdaBoost classifier. In the first step, a land cover of satellite image is classified in the independent fashion. For the stable classification of man-made structures, 3D features are employed. 3D co-occurrence feature is used with 2D co-occurrence feature and Harr-like fea- ture. Adaboost classifier is implemented for the classification of a land cover in- to 4 classes: road, grass/bare-ground, foliage and building. In the second step, we perform the change detection for multi-temporal images. We carry out the simple comparison between terrain classification results. The experimental re- sults show that the resulting change map efficiently reflects a newly developed area.
Antifibrotic effect of lysophosphatidic acid receptors LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist on experimental murine scleroderma induced by bleomycin

The study of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor has recently focused on its involvement in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We examined the inhibitory effects of the antagonist for the LPA receptor, a selective LPA1 and LPA3 antagonist (Ki16425), on dermal and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of SSc. Ki16425 was administered intra‐dermally after 6 h on the same sites as bleomycin injection. Histopathological examination showed that skin lesions were markedly attenuated by treatment with Ki16425 at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg, along with reduced dermal thickness. Hydroxyproline contents in the Ki16425‐treated skin showed a decrease of 35% (1 mg/kg) and 45% (10 mg/kg) compared with those in the oil‐injected skin of the controls. The number of mast cells and phospho‐Smad2/3‐positive spindle cells of the Ki16425‐treated skin was significantly decreased compared with that in the controls. Additionally, RT‐PCR analysis showed that the mRNA levels of TGF‐β1, CTGF, MIP‐1α, IFN‐γ and collagen α1(I) were significantly decreased in both the 1‐mg/kg and 10‐mg/kg groups of the Ki16425‐treated mice compared with those in the controls. Furthermore, treatment with bleomycin and Ki16425 showed reduction in lung fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline contents in the lungs of the Ki16425‐treated mice showed a decrease of 25% (1 mg/kg) and 32% (10 mg/kg) compared with those in the lungs of the controls. Taken together, Ki16425 was found to improve dermal and lung fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin‐induced murine scleroderma. These results suggest that Ki16425 has the potential to be an effective new treatment for scleroderma.
Strict glucose control and artificial regulation of the NO–ADMA–DDAH system in order to prevent endothelial dysfunction

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a naturally occurring analogue of the conditionally essential amino acid arginine and a metabolic by-product of continual protein turnover processes in the cytoplasm of all human cells. Arginine is the precursor for nitric oxide (NO), an important regulator of immune function and organ circulation. Physiologically, NO is known to regulate the transport of insulin and uptake of glucose by several tissues including the endothelium, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. ADMA functions as an endogenous inhibitor of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) which forms NO and can therefore impair its bioavailability (see Fig. 1). The elimination of ADMA occurs via both urinary excretion and degradation by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) (Brinkmann et al. 2014). The discovery of ADMA and the observation of its reductive effects on NO synthesis in vitro and in vivo led to a large body of research attempting to discover its role in human metabolism. In insulin resistant (IR) subjects, the body fails to properly respond to endogenous insulin and as a result glucose accumulates extracellularly instead of being transported into the cell. Low levels of intracellular glucose diminish or even eliminate enzyme systems such as the NOS–ADMA–DDAH pathway (Lin et al. 2002; Lai & Ghebremariam, 2016). As consequence, IR results in a disturbed NO metabolism and subsequent endothelial dysfunction in the vascular wall, manifested by impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. In addition to alteration of the NOS–ADMA–DDAH pathway, some evidence points to a disruption of the
Stress and Coping: A Study of World Class Coaches

This study explored coaches’ responses to stress, the perceived effects of stress, and the coping strategies coaches employed. Transcribed interviews with 12 world class coaches, based in the UK, were inductively content analyzed. A range of themes emerged describing coaches’ responses to stressors and the effects of stress. Specifically, coaches discussed psychological reactions, and suggested that their negative responses to stress could be projected onto their athletes. While structuring and planning was reported as a coping strategy, coaches described a limited use of psychological skills and tended to avoid stressors that provoked strain responses in efforts to manage stress. Results suggest that coaches should be aware of how they respond to stressors and the influence their responses might have on their athletes. Sport psychologists should help coaches to identify and develop the psychological skills and strategies required to cope with the demands of world class coaching.
The Kinetics of Myelin Antigen Uptake by Myeloid Cells in the Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible animals requires reactivation of encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells by APCs in the CNS. However, it has remained unresolved from where APCs in the CNS acquire myelin Ag for T cell activation and under which conditions, that is, whether only during EAE or also in the naive CNS. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of myelin Ag uptake by CNS APCs during EAE and in the naive CNS. Our results show that during EAE CX3CR1+CD11b+ microglia were the first APCs in the CNS to contain myelin Ag upon induction of disease, albeit in very small numbers. Dendritic cells (DCs) arrived in the CNS in sizable numbers significantly later (day 5 postimmunization), without detectable myelin Ag, but acquired it by day 7 postimmunization. Furthermore, a sharp increase in neuroantigen-containing DCs coincided with the onset of EAE symptoms. Importantly, in naive mice a low but consistent number of microglia contained myelin Ag, suggesting release by oligodendrocytes under steady state conditions. Although microglia isolated from naive brain and spinal cord did not elicit a strong CD4+ T cell response in vitro, myelin Ag-containing microglia may still play a local role in modulating encephalitogenic CD4+ T cell responses in early EAE prior to the arrival of other professional APCs, such as DCs. Finally, newly arriving DCs in the CNS not yet loaded with myelin Ag before the onset of EAE may be a potential therapeutic target.
Economic and health consequences of the initial stage of Mobbing: the Spanish case

The objective of this paper is to analyze empirically the problem of mobbing in Spain. Based on the flfth Spanish survey on working conditions, we measure the cost of this problem in terms of health and medical expenses. We flnd that during 2003 mobbing afiected around 5% of workers who were at their workplace and had negative and signiflcative efiects on their health.
Adjustment of College Students in Relation to Their Well Being

Education in changing scenario meets the requirements for development of a country. Education is the best media for all round development of human personality. Education is the process to train the students for adjustment in the life situations. Main concern of teachers is to develop the capacity among the students for adjusting in home, school, college and in the society. The adjustment is a life long process and continuous till the end of life. Vonhaller (1975) defined adjustment as a psychological survival. Rizvi (2011) stated that an adjusted person enjoy in creating something new and useful for others.
Three-dimensional echocardiographic measurements using automated quantification software for big data processing.

OBJECTIVE To compare a full-automated software to quantify 3D transthoracic echocardiography namely, 3DE-HM (three-dimensional echocardiography HeartModel, Philips Healthcare) with the traditional manual quantitative method (3DE-manual) for assessing volumes of left atrial and ventricular volumes, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). METHODS 3D full volume images acquired from 156 subjects were collected and divided into 3 groups, which include 70 normal control cases (Group A), 17 patients with left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (Group B), and 69 patients with left atrial remodeling secondary to hypertension (Group C). The 3DE-HM method was used to quantify left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left atrial end-systolic volume (LAESV), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), respectively. The results were compared with those obtained with the 3DE-manual method for correlation and consistency analyses. The reproducibility of the 3DE-HM method was also evaluated. RESULTS There was a high correlation between LVEDV, LVESV, LAESV and LVEF values obtained with the 3DE-HM method and those obtained using the 3DE-manual method (r = 0.72 to 0.97). The correlation was strongest for Group B, patients with left ventricular remodeling post-AMI also demonstrated the greatest degree of morphologic changes. There was a significant difference in all parameters measured with the 3DE-HM method in different groups (P < 0.05). The difference in the measurements of LVEDV and LVESV between the two methods was greatest in patients in Group B compared with patients with hypertension-induced left ventricular remodeling (Group C) and in normal controls (Group A) (P < 0.05). Lastly, the difference in the measurement of LAESV between the two methods was greater in patients with hypertension-induced left ventricular remodeling (Group C) than that in the control group (Group A) (P < 0.05). The post-processing time of the 3DE-HM data was significantly shorter than that using the 3DE-manual method (P < 0.05). There was no significant variability in repeated measurements at different time points using the 3DE-HM method either between subjects in different groups or within the same subject. CONCLUSION 3DE-HM is a quick and feasible method for left ventricular quantification and is clinically applicable for evaluating patients with left atrial and left ventricular remodeling.
A MEMS-based quartz resonator technology for GHz applications

We report on the development of a new MEMS quartz resonator technology that allows for the processing and integration of VHF to UHF high-Q oscillators and filters with high-speed silicon or III-V electronics. The paper describes the successful demonstration of new wafer bonding and dry plasma etching processes that make quartz-MEMS technology possible. We present impedance, Q, and temperature sensitivity data along with comparison to 3D harmonic and thermal analysis of VHF-UHF resonators. We also show Coventor simulation data of our first two- and three-pole monolithic crystal filter designs as well as a filter array layout which facilitates integration with front-end RF electronics and switches. Finally, we demonstrate a mechanical tuning technique for our resonators utilizing focused-ion-beam (FIB) technology.
Cross-Cultural Evaluation of Item Wording Effects on an Attitudinal Scale

Previous studies have shown that method effects associated with item wording produce artifactual factors and threaten scale validity. This study examines item wording effects on a scale of attitudes toward learning mathematics for Taiwanese and U.S. samples. Analyses from a series of CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) models support the presence of method effects for both samples. In addition, findings show that U.S. students tended to report higher means on not only the substantive factors but also the method factor, compared to Taiwanese students. The effect sizes on the mean differences are medium to large.
Occupational Health among Latino Workers: A Needs Assessment and Recommended Interventions

Evidence suggests that Latino workers, along with other minority and low-income workers, face a higher risk for occupational disease than do other workers. Targeted surveillance and primary prevention interventions have been lacking or inadequate. The authors estimate the number of occupational disease deaths and new cases in Latino workers in the United States. Then, using data from New York City, they find that Latino workers are disproportionately employed in more hazardous occupations and under-represented in less hazardous jobs. They suggest a comprehensive approach to address workplace disease in Latino workers, which involves primary prevention interventions, clinical services, educational approaches, research and surveillance, unionization and organization of workers, and legislation and regulation.
Bioinformatics and Functional Analysis of an Entamoeba histolytica Mannosyltransferase Necessary for Parasite Complement Resistance and Hepatical Infection

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety is one of the ways by which many cell surface proteins, such as Gal/GalNAc lectin and proteophosphoglycans (PPGs) attach to the surface of Entamoeba histolytica, the agent of human amoebiasis. It is believed that these GPI-anchored molecules are involved in parasite adhesion to cells, mucus and the extracellular matrix. We identified an E. histolytica homolog of PIG-M, which is a mannosyltransferase required for synthesis of GPI. The sequence and structural analysis led to the conclusion that EhPIG-M1 is composed of one signal peptide and 11 transmembrane domains with two large intra luminal loops, one of which contains the DXD motif, involved in the enzymatic catalysis and conserved in most glycosyltransferases. Expressing a fragment of the EhPIG-M1 encoding gene in antisense orientation generated parasite lines diminished in EhPIG-M1 levels; these lines displayed reduced GPI production, were highly sensitive to complement and were dramatically inhibited for amoebic abscess formation. The data suggest a role for GPI surface anchored molecules in the survival of E. histolytica during pathogenesis.
Choroid plexus transplants in the treatment of brain diseases

Abstract: The choroid plexus (CP) produces and secretes numerous biologically active neurotrophic factors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These circulate throughout the brain and spinal cord, maintaining neuronal networks and associated cells. In neurodegenerative disease and in acute brain injury there is local up‐regulation of neurotrophin production close to the site of the lesion. Treatment by direct injection of neurotrophins and growth factors close to these lesion sites has repeatedly been demonstrated to improve recovery. It has therefore been proposed that transplanting viable choroid plexus cells close to the lesion might provide a novel means for continuous delivery of these molecules directly to the site of injury. Recent publications describe how transplanted CP, either free or in an immunoprotected encapsulated form, deliver therapeutic molecules to the desired site. This review briefly describes the accumulated evidence that CP cells support neuronal cells in vitro and have therapeutic properties when transplanted to treat acute and chronic brain disease and injury in animal models.
Plasmodium sporozoites trickle out of the injection site

Plasmodium sporozoites make a remarkable journey from the skin, where they are deposited by an infected Anopheline mosquito, to the liver, where they invade hepatocytes and develop into exoerythrocytic stages. Although much work has been done to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which sporozoites invade hepatocytes, little is known about the interactions between host and parasite before the sporozoite enters the blood circulation. It has always been assumed that sporozoites rapidly exit the injection site, making their interactions with the host at this site, brief and difficult to study. Using quantitative PCR, we determined the kinetics with which sporozoites leave the injection site and arrive in the liver and found that the majority of infective sporozoites remain in the skin for hours. We then performed sub‐inoculation experiments which confirmed these findings and showed that the pattern of sporozoite exit from the injection site resembles a slow trickle. Last, we found that drainage of approximately 20% of the sporozoite inoculum to the lymphatics is associated with a significant enlargement of the draining lymph node, a response not observed after intravenous inoculation. These findings indicate that there is ample time for host and parasite to interact at the inoculation site and are of relevance to the pre‐erythrocytic stage malaria vaccine effort.
An Actuarial Approach to Option Pricing under O-U Process and Stochastic Interest Rates

This paper discusses an actuarial approach to the option pricing problem for a market model where the interest rates are stochastic and the stock prices are driven by generalized Exp-Ornstein-Uhlenback process. According to the definition of actuarial pricing approach, the exact solutions of the general European option and the exchange option are obtained with the help of related theory of stochastic differential equation. Then the European call-put parity relation is derived naturally. Furthermore,the new prices of European call option and the put option with continuous dividend yield are deduced from the above results. At last, a comparative analysis of numerical simulation is made between the above-mentioned results and the B-S pricing formula. All the results are applicable to complex incomplete markets.
Discovering spatial context prototypes for object detection

Contextual information is widely exploited in the-state-of-art object detection systems, most of which utilize pre-defined spatial relationships (e.g., above, below, next to, etc.). However, we observe that the spatial arrangement of objects manifests heterogeneous statistical distribution for different object classes, which suggests mining class-specified prototypes of spatial contexts in a data-driven manner. This paper proposes a novel clustering-based method for automatically discovering spatial context prototypes to beyond the pre-defined spatial relationship representation in literature. Based on the learned prototypes, we further construct a compact representation on spatial context feature, by means of efficient coding method of soft-assignment quantization. Our experimental results on PASCAL VOC dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can capture meaningful spatial context prototypes for various object class pairs and thus boost recognition performance on object detection task.
The effect of linearization of range in skin detection

There is a wide range of work detailing the effect of colorspace on the detection of skin tone pixels. However, one important consideration which has been overlooked is the effect of dynamic range compression. Specifically, many very commonly used file formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF, etc.) use dynamic range compression to compensate for the range expansion implicit in many display systems. When building a model for skin tone detection, this range compression can be detrimental to the performance of a skin classifier. In this paper, we demonstrate how linearization of the range can aid in the exposure invariance of building a skin model. Two common colorspaces used in the classification of skin pixels are HSV and normalized RGB. We show why linearization of the range is important before transformation into either of these spaces. Experimental results are shown for each colorspace used.
Understanding and Managing Website Information Content: The WICS Method

This study describes and demonstrates the Website Information Content Survey (WICS), which is intended to provide practitioners and researchers with a means of systematically describing website information content. In an exploratory survey of twenty business-to-consumer websites across five e-commerce domains, we demonstrate how the survey can be used to make cross-website comparisons that can identify potential gaps in a website’s information content. The results of this study offer actionable guidance to practitioners seeking to match their website’s information mix to customers’ demands for product, company, and channel information. We also enable future investigations of hypothesized relationships between website information content and user-website interaction outcomes.
A Reversible Protection Strategy To Improve Fmoc‐SPPS of Peptide Thioesters by the N‐Acylurea Approach

C‐terminal peptide thioesters are an essential component of the native chemical ligation approach for the preparation of fully or semisynthetic proteins. However, the efficient generation of C‐terminal thioesters by Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis remains a challenge. The recent N‐acylurea approach to thioester synthesis relies on the deactivation of one amine of 3,4‐diaminobenzoic acid (Dbz) during Fmoc SPPS. Here, we demonstrate that this approach results in the formation of side products through the over‐acylation of Dbz, particularly when applied to Gly‐rich sequences. We find that orthogonal allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc) protection of a single Dbz amine eliminates these side products. We introduce a protected Fmoc‐Dbz(Alloc) base resin that may be directly used for synthesis with most C‐terminal amino acids. Following synthesis, quantitative removal of the Alloc group allows conversion to the active N‐acyl‐benzimidazolinone (Nbz) species, which can be purified and converted in situ to thioester under ligation conditions. This method is compatible with the automated preparation of peptide–Nbz conjugates. We demonstrate that Dbz protection improves the synthetic purity of Gly‐rich peptide sequences derived from histone H4, as well as a 44‐residue peptide from histone H3.