Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security protocol architecture for website authentications and content integrity

With the spread of the internet and networks, more people are relying on information sharing to research any subject. The number of Websites that are providing information on a single subject is huge. Some subjects and issues are somehow more sensitive to some people than others. However, there is no agreed upon mechanism for authenticating the content provider Web sites or preserving the integrity of its contents. One aim of this paper is to develop frame work architecture protocol for Web site content authentication to build a trusted Web sites directory called Islamic trust (ITRUST). We cannot treat all documents with the same measure of security. Another aim is to solely focus on the data integrity rather than intellectual property rights and to provide different documents with different security levels. The proposed protocol we will employ public key infrastructure (PKI) and Digital Certificates (DC) for Website authentication and watermarking techniques for document integrity.
A Fully Abstract Semantics for a Version of SynchronousConcurrent Constraint Programming

Concurrent constraint programming is classically based on asynchronous communication via a shared store. In previous work ([1, 2]), we presented a new version of the ask and tell primitives which features synchronicity, our approach being based on the idea of telling new information just in the case that a concurrently running process is asking for it. We turn in this paper to a semantic study of this new framework, called Scc. It is first shown to be different in nature from classical concurrent constraint programming and from CCS, a classical reference in traditional concurrency theory. This suggests the interest of new semantics for Scc. To that end, an operational semantics reporting the steps of the computations is presented. A denotational semantics is then proposed. It uses monotonic sequences of labelled pairs of input-output states, possibly containing gaps, and ending – according to the logic programming tradition – with marks reporting success or failure. This denotational semantics is proved to be correct with respect to the operational semantics as well as fully abstract. L. Brim and M. Křetínský thank the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, grant 201/97/0456, for supporting their research.
Toward Fine-grained Annotation of Modality in Text

We present a linguistically-informed schema for annotating modal expressions and describe its application to a subset of the MPQA corpus of English texts (Wiebe et al. 2005). The annotation is fine-grained in two respects: (i) in the range of expressions that are defined as modal targets and (ii) in the amount of information that is annotated for each target expression. We use inter-annotator reliability results to support a two-way distinction between priority and nonpriority modality types.
Lysosomal Dysfunction Produces Distinct Alterations in Synaptic &agr;-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methylisoxazolepropionic Acid and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Currents in Hippocampus

The early processes that lead to synaptic dysfunction during aging are not clearly understood. Dysregulation of &agr;-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors may cause age-related cognitive decline. Using hippocampal slice cultures exhibiting lysosomal dysfunction, an early marker of brain aging that is linked to pr otein accumulation, we identified alterations to AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents. The miniature and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents that were examined after 3, 6, and 9 days of lysosomal disruption showed progressive changes in amplitude, frequency, and rise and decay kinetics. To investigate whether modifications in specific channel properties of single synaptic receptors contributed to changes in the amplitude and time course of synaptic currents, we examined the single channel properties of synaptic AMPA and NMDA receptors. The channel open probability and the mean open times showed decreases in both receptor populations, whereas the closed times were increased without any change in the channel conductance. The Western blot analysis revealed a progressive decline in synaptic markers including glutamate receptor subunits. These results indicate that lysosomal dysfunction leads to progressive functional perturbation of AMPA and NMDA receptors in this slice model of protein accumulation, suggesting that age-related cognitive decline could result from altered glutamate receptor function before reductions in synaptic density.
Design of a Variable-Flux Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor for Adjustable-Speed Operation

This paper suggests a possible design of variable flux motor for adjustable speed operation. A method to calculate electrical parameters to meet variable speed conditions is suggested, and the basic motor shape is decided using the relationships between the calculated electrical parameters and motor geometry. The difference between coercivity of two types of magnet is used to control the flux. To prevent irreversible demagnetization of low-coercivity magnet, the approximate shape of magnet is decided by calculating the operating point of the magnet using an equivalent magnetic circuit. The optimum shape of magnet considering the nonlinear characteristics is suggested using a finite-element method. To validate the design, magnetizing/demagnetizing, and load operation tests are conducted.
Sometimes Less Is Not Enough: A Commentary on Greiff et al. (2015)

In this commentary, I discuss some critical issues in the study by Greiff, S. ; Stadler, M. ; Sonnleitner, P.; Wolff, C. ; Martin, R. , “Sometimes less is more: Comparing the validity of complex problem solving measures”, Intelligence 2015, 50, 100–113. I conclude that—counter to the claims made in the original study—the specific study design was not suitable for deriving conclusions about the validity of different complex problem-solving (CPS) measurement approaches. Furthermore, a more elaborate consideration of previous CPS research was found to challenge Greiff et al.’s conclusions even further. Therefore, I argue that researchers should be aware of the differences between several kinds of CPS assessment tools and conceptualizations when the validity of CPS assessment tools is examined in future research.
Longitudinal FGF23 and Klotho axis characterization in children treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis

Background Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23) and cofactor Klotho are key regulators of mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but little is known about the mechanisms that regulate their production. This study evaluates longitudinal changes of FGF23 and Klotho levels and their regulatory factors in children on chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods FGF23, Klotho, 25(OH) vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) plasma concentrations were measured during 1 year of follow-up in PD children. Anthropometric and dialytical parameters were evaluated in addition to mineral metabolism variables. Results Thirty-one patients under chronic PD were followed for 12 months. FGF23 mean plasma levels at Month 1 were significantly increased compared with controls, 215.1 ± 303.6 versus 9.4 ± 5.7 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). Baseline Klotho levels were 41% lower in patients compared with controls, 132.1 ± 58 versus 320 ± 119.4 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001), and did not correlate with FGF23 and phosphorus levels. At Month 12, FGF23 (195 ± 300 pg/mL) and Klotho levels (130 ± 34 pg/mL) remained similar to baseline values. Log-FGF23 correlated significantly with height/age Z score (r= −0.38) and residual renal function (r = −0.44), but no correlation was found with serum phosphorus, phosphate intake, PTH and vitamin D levels. The log-FGF23 strongly correlated with calcium levels at Months 1, 6 and 12, however, this relationship was blunted if serum phosphorus was >6 mg/dL. By multiple regression analysis, calcium was the strongest variable determining FGF23 levels. Conclusions In this longitudinal study, FGF23 levels are markedly increased, and Klotho levels are reduced in PD children compared with controls. FGF23 levels appeared to be regulated primarily by serum calcium, showing a significant correlation at each time of measurement. This relationship was lost in patients with phosphorus >6 mg/dL. These observations may have important consequences to the therapeutic management of phosphate homeostasis in CKD patients.
Bloodstain Segmentation in Color Images

The identification of bloodstains in color images is critical in some accident investigation cases. A suspected bloodstain segmentation method was proposed in this study. The algorithm transforms the RGB to the YCgCr color space after the image undergoes color histogram equalization. Determination of the decision thresholds (Cg, Cr) is based on the color distribution of the sample images in Cg-Cr plane. To accelerate bloodstain pixel detection, the transformed thresholds are used (Cg¡¦, Cr¡¦). After the bloodstain pixels are detected the fast 8-connected component labeling method is to formulate the clusters. The algorithm was tested by using the 75 images from accident scenes. The results show that su spected bloodstains can be detected successfully, and thus that this approach can be used as the basis for bloodstain identification in color images.
A distant supervised learning system for the TAC-KBP Slot Filling and Temporal Slot Filling Tasks

This paper describes the system implemented by the NLP GROUP AT UNED for our first participation in the Knowledge Base Population at the Text Analysis Conference (TACKBP). For this Slot Filling Task, our approach was to design a distant supervised learning system, which was then specialized for the Regular Slot Filling and Full Temporal Slot Filling subtasks. From the initial Knowledge Base and source document collection distributed by the organizers, we automatically gathered training data for supervised slot classifiers. We used a rich document representation, augmenting syntactic dependency trees with named entity recognition, coreference resolution, temporal events annotation and semantic graph transformations.
Seven Trends: The Transformation of the Teaching Force 1

Has the elementary and secondary teaching force changed in recent years? And, if so, how? Have the types and kinds of individuals going into teaching changed? Have the demographic characteristics of those working in classrooms altered? To answer these questions we embarked on an exploratory research project to try to discover what trends and changes have, or have not, occurred in the teaching force over the past few decades. We were surprised by what we found. We discovered that the teaching force has been, and is, greatly changing; yet, even the most dramatic trends appear to have been little noticed by researchers, policy makers, and the public. Disciplines Adult and Continuing Education and Teaching | Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research | Elementary Education and Teaching | Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching | Secondary Education and Teaching Comments View on the CPRE website. This report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/cpre_researchreports/79 CONSORTIUM FOR POLICY RESEARCH IN EDUCATION Seven Trends: The Transformation of the Teaching Force Updated April 2014 Richard Ingersoll Lisa Merrill Daniel Stuckey CPRE REPORT
Extraction of basic movement from whole-body movement, based on gait variability

The aim of this study was to quantify the step‐to‐step variability (SSV) in speed‐variant and speed‐invariant movement components of the whole‐body gait pattern during running. These separate aspects of variability can be used to gain insight into the neuromuscular control strategies that are engaged during running. Ten healthy, physically active, male recreational athletes performed five treadmill running trials at five different speeds (range: 1.3–4.9 m/sec). The whole‐body movement was separated into principal movements (PM) using a principal component analysis. The PMs were split into two groups: a speed‐variant group, where the range of motion (amplitude of PMs) changed with running speed; and a speed‐invariant group, where the range of motion was constant across various speeds. The step‐to‐step variability (SSV) of the two groups was then quantified. The absolute SSV was the summed variability across all gait cycles, whereas the relative SSV was the summed variability divided by the magnitude of the movement. The absolute SSV of the speed‐variant movements increased with running speed. By contrast, the relative SSV of the speed‐variant group (as normalized to the PM amplitude) decreased asymptotically toward a minimal level as running speed increased. Both the absolute and relative SSV of the speed‐invariant movements revealed a minimum at 3.1 m/sec. The whole‐body gait pattern during running can be subdivided into speed‐variant and speed‐invariant movements. An interpretation of the SSV based on minimal intervention theory suggests that speed‐variant movements are more tightly controlled, as evidenced by a lower degree of variability compared to the speed‐invariant movements.
An Energy-Efficient Data Dissemination protocol for Grid-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we present an energy-efficient data dissemination protocol (EEDD) for wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. This protocol considers energy-efficient consumption and network lifetime especially to sensor networks with high node density. The protocol is based on grid structure and location aware flooding of sensor networks to gain effective data dissemination between sources and mobile sinks. Our analysis shows that EEDD consumes less energy and has a longer network lifetime compared with other approaches.
Bayesian Prediction, Entropy, and Option Pricing In the U.S. Soybean Market, 1993-1997

This paper studies the performance of the Foster-Whiteman (1999) procedure for using a Bayesian predictive distribution for the future price of an asset to compute the price of a European option on that asset. A technical contribution of the paper is the description of a sequential importance sampling procedure for implementing an informative prior that reflects and rewards past optionpricing success. The risk-neutralization of the predictive distribution is accomplished by Stutzer’s (1996) constrained KLIC-minimizing change of measure. The procedure is used in weekly pricing of July and November options on Soybeans on the Chicago Board of Trade from 1993-1997, and produces option prices that mimic market prices much more closely than those of the Black model or those produced by risk-neutralizing a nonparametric predictive. 1 The authors thank Logical Information Machines for their extensive data support. Discussions with Tom Smith and Michael Stutzer substantially improved the paper. Earlier versions have been presented in seminars at APFA 2001, Iowa State University, the Melbourne Business School, The University of Melbourne, The University of Pennsylvania, Purdue University, The University of Queensland, and the University of Technology at Sydney; comments received at these sessions are greatly appreciated.
The Myth of Co-Moving Commodity Prices

There is a common perception that the prices of unrelated commodities move together. This paper re-examines this notion, using a measure of co-movement of economic time series called concordance. Concordance measures the proportion of time that the prices of two commodities are concurrently in the same boom period or same slump period. Using data on the prices of several unrelated commodities, the paper finds no evidence of co-movement in commodity prices. The results carry an important policy implication, as the study provides no support for earlier claims of irrational trading behaviour by participants in world commodity markets.
1600 Parallel Microchamber Microfluidic Device for Fast Sample Array Preparation Using the Immiscibility of Two Liquids

We present a 1600 parallel microchamber microfluidic device for fast sample array preparation using the immiscibility of two liquids. The trapping efficiency and size of the arrayed sample in the microchambers of a parallel microfluidic device were analyzed at various flow rates. The trapping efficiency of the sample was also inspected according to the position of the microchamber. Samples were successfully arrayed using the device. The trapping efficiency of the sample was 98.69% at 1 mL/h. The trapping efficiency and diameter of the sample decreased as the flow rate increased. Trapping efficiencies also changed according to the position of the microchambers. As the distance of the microchambers from the inlet increased, the sample trapping efficiency decreased. This tendency occurred more clearly at higher flow rates.
Optimization Analysis of a V-Twin Motorcycle Engine Using WAVE Cycle Analysis and an iSight Optimization Framework

This paper describes a practical methodology for engine concept design and analysis using thermodynamic cycle simulations coupled with design of experiments and optimization techniques. The methodology was applied to analyze the power output of a Harley-Davidson Sparkignition V-Twin engine as a function of fifteen complex design parameters (15 controllable factors.) The thermodynamic simulation program, WAVE, was used for power output computation using a calibrated baseline engine model representing the current design of the VTwin engine. A commercial Design of Experiments (DoE) and Optimization program, iSight, was used to set the framework of the optimization study, and integrate it with WAVE. The framework of the optimization entailed using a three-step optimization plan: 1. Design of Experiments technique (Latin Hypercubes) (1) to screen the design space, and estimate the optimal design 2. Calculation of an approximating 2 order response surface (2) using multiple linear regression (Response Surface Methodology) based on the discrete responses from the DoE screening design 3. Optimization technique (Modified Method of Feasible Directions) to further refine the DoE estimated optimal design, and find the absolute optimal solution The methodology described above enables optimization early in the engine design phases and minimizes the needs for expensive and time consuming hardware testing (Rapid Prototyping), thus reducing analysis as well as product development cycle time.
A Magnetically-Actuated Friction Feedback Mouse

We have designed and built a passive haptic display by inte- grating an electromagnet into an infra-red optical mouse. When the elec- tromagnet is not energized, the mouse acts normally, with the same low friction and only a slight increase in mass. Energizing the electromagnet attracts the mouse towards a ferromagnetic mouse pad, increasing the normal force, and thus the frictional force, between the mouse and the mouse pad. This allows a two-dimensional display of varying frictional forces. Our hypothesis was that an increase in friction over particular targets could enable the user to travel more quickly between those tar- gets. In addition to several demonstrations, we designed a performance experiment to quantitatively determine how user performance is aected by friction feedback during a targeting task. The results of this exper- iment show a conclusive relationship between the field strength of the magnet and the targeting time.
Use of Mapping and Spatial and Space-Time Modeling Approaches in Operational Control of Aedes aegypti and Dengue

The aims of this review paper are to 1) provide an overview of how mapping and spatial and space-time modeling approaches have been used to date to visualize and analyze mosquito vector and epidemiologic data for dengue; and 2) discuss the potential for these approaches to be included as routine activities in operational vector and dengue control programs. Geographical information system (GIS) software are becoming more user-friendly and now are complemented by free mapping software that provide access to satellite imagery and basic feature-making tools and have the capacity to generate static maps as well as dynamic time-series maps. Our challenge is now to move beyond the research arena by transferring mapping and GIS technologies and spatial statistical analysis techniques in user-friendly packages to operational vector and dengue control programs. This will enable control programs to, for example, generate risk maps for exposure to dengue virus, develop Priority Area Classifications for vector control, and explore socioeconomic associations with dengue risk.
Automated prediction of adverse post-surgical outcomes

Patients undergoing surgery can experience a range of adverse events, such as renal and cardiac injury, respiratory failure, and death. This study focuses on discovering relationships between perioperative physiological data and adverse post-surgical outcomes, with the goal of developing strategies to reduce the severity and frequency of these conditions. Analyzing the patient's preoperative demographic data, such as age and race, and perioperative physiologic data, such as blood pressure and anesthesia dosage, we use statistical models to predict whether a patient under anesthesia will develop renal or cardiac injury, respiratory failure, or death. Specifically, we compare generalized linear models, random forest models, and L1 regularized logistic regression models in predicting these adverse events. For each event, the random forest model generally outperformed its competitors, as shown in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and evidenced by the higher area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.85, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.82 for death, renal injury, respiratory failure, and cardiac injury, respectively. However, score tables indicate that at certain thresholds, the L1 regularized logistic regression predicts fewer false negatives than the random forest models. In general, our findings show the existence of a relationship between perioperative predictors and post-surgical complications. This relationship could provide the foundation for a surveillance and alert system.
Consistent multi-robot decentralized SLAM with unknown initial positions

This paper presents a multi-vehicle decentralized SLAM algorithm. We expose the different problems involved by this decentralized setting, such as network aspects (data losses, latencies or bandwidth requirements) or data incest (double-counting information), and address them. In order to ease the data association process and also guarantee the consistency of the vehicles localizations, we introduce a new model to represent the natural drift affecting SLAM algorithms. By integrating this model, loop closures, associations between robots and absolute information can be easily taken into account. A general framework has been designed thus allowing to use any SLAM algorithm. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we applied it to a monocular solution. It is the first time, to our knowledge, that a monocular decentralized SLAM is presented. A multi-robot data association algorithm, based on geometric constraints is also exposed in this paper. The validation is performed thanks to a simulator presenting a realistic physics. The results show that the localizations consistency is preserved. It also demonstrates that multi-vehicle monocular SLAM is viable in urban environments.