Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Role for Monomethylation of Histone H3-K27 in Gene Activity in Drosophila

N-terminal histone tails emanate from the chromatin fiber—providing docking surfaces for regulatory proteins—and are commonly modified by lysine methylation. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved chromatin-modifying enzyme that methylates histone H3 on lysine-27 (K27). PRC2 can add one, two, or three methyl groups and the fully methylated product, H3-K27me3, is a hallmark of Polycomb-silenced chromatin. Less is known about functions of K27me1 and K27me2 and the dynamics of flux through these states. These modifications could serve mainly as intermediates to produce K27me3 or they could each convey distinct epigenetic information. To investigate this, we engineered a variant of Drosophila melanogaster PRC2 which is converted into a monomethyltransferase. A single substitution, F738Y, in the lysine-substrate binding pocket of the catalytic subunit, E(Z), creates an enzyme that retains robust K27 monomethylation but dramatically reduced di- and trimethylation. Overexpression of E(Z)-F738Y in fly cells triggers desilencing of Polycomb target genes significantly more than comparable overexpression of catalytically deficient E(Z), suggesting that H3-K27me1 contributes positively to gene activity. Consistent with this, normal genomic distribution of H3-K27me1 is enriched on actively transcribed Drosophila genes, with localization overlapping the active H3-K36me2/3 chromatin marks. Thus, distinct K27 methylation states link to either repression or activation depending upon the number of added methyl groups. If so, then H3-K27me1 deposition may involve alternative methyltransferases beyond PRC2, which is primarily repressive. Indeed, assays on fly embryos with PRC2 genetically inactivated, and on fly cells with PRC2 chemically inhibited, show that substantial H3-K27me1 accumulates independently of PRC2. These findings imply distinct roles for K27me1 vs. K27me3 in transcriptional control and an expanded machinery for methylating H3-K27.
Survivable Network Design for Group Connectivity in Low-Treewidth Graphs

In the Group Steiner Tree problem (GST), we are given a (vertex or edge)-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices, a root vertex $r$ and a collection of groups $\{S_i\}_{i\in[h]}: S_i\subseteq V(G)$. The goal is to find a min-cost subgraph $H$ that connects the root to every group. We consider a fault-tolerant variant of GST, which we call Restricted (Rooted) Group SNDP. In this setting, each group $S_i$ has a demand $k_i\in[k],k\in\mathbb N$, and we wish to find a min-cost $H\subseteq G$ such that, for each group $S_i$, there is a vertex in $S_i$ connected to the root via $k_i$ (vertex or edge) disjoint paths. While GST admits $O(\log^2 n\log h)$ approximation, its high connectivity variants are Label-Cover hard, and for the vertex-weighted version, the hardness holds even when $k=2$. Previously, positive results were known only for the edge-weighted version when $k=2$ [Gupta et al., SODA 2010; Khandekar et al., Theor. Comput. Sci., 2012] and for a relaxed variant where the disjoint paths may end at different vertices in a group [Chalermsook et al., SODA 2015]. Our main result is an $O(\log n\log h)$ approximation for Restricted Group SNDP that runs in time $n^{f(k, w)}$, where $w$ is the treewidth of $G$. This nearly matches the lower bound when $k$ and $w$ are constant. The key to achieving this result is a non-trivial extension of the framework in [Chalermsook et al., SODA 2017], which embeds all feasible solutions to the problem into a dynamic program (DP) table. However, finding the optimal solution in the DP table remains intractable. We formulate a linear program relaxation for the DP and obtain an approximate solution via randomized rounding. This framework also allows us to systematically construct DP tables for high-connectivity problems. As a result, we present new exact algorithms for several variants of survivable network design problems in low-treewidth graphs.
Graphene audio voltage amplifier.

The main building block of analog electronics is a voltage amplifier: an electronic device capable of amplifying small alternating current (AC) voltage signals. Many graphene analog electronic devices, performing different functions, 1-5 have recently been proposed stemming from high carrier mobility 6,7 and ambipolar transport in graphene field effect transistors (FETs). However, none of these devices was capable of signal amplification, thus ultimately requiring integration with Si transistors for performing this most important task. Here we demonstrate an integrated graphene voltage amplifier paving the way for all graphene analog electronics. 8
A $\mu$ W Complementary Bridge Rectifier With Near Zero Turn-on Voltage in SOS CMOS for Wireless Power Supplies

An inherent shortcoming of rectifiers designed using standard CMOS devices is poor low input power performance. It is shown that this can be overcome through the use of intrinsic devices with close to zero-threshold voltage available in a 0.25 μm silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) CMOS process. A novel complementary bridge rectifier structure based on a combination of cross-connected and diode bridge rectifier topologies is introduced to avoid the excessive leakage current incurred through the use of intrinsic devices. A design strategy which maximizes efficiency and produces an input impedance which will interface well with the inductive coil type antennas used in biomedical implants is presented for this new rectifier type. The fabricated rectifier achieves a 1 μW DC output power for an input power of -26.5 dBm at 100 MHz. A peak measured power conversion efficiency of 67% is achieved at 100 MHz, but more importantly >;30% PCE is attained for a wide output power range which reaches as low as -40 dBm. At the target 1 μW output power a PCE of 44% was achieved.
Can we formally specify a medical decision support system?

A description is given of the Oxford System of Medicine, (OSM) project, the goal of which is a decision support system (DSS) that general practitioners can use during routine clinical work to support such decision-making tasks as diagnosing illnesses, planning investigations and patient treatment schedules, prescribing drugs, screening for disease, assessing the risk of a particular disease, and determining whether to refer a patient to a specialist. The OSM consists of the following modules: a user model, models of the decision-making tasks, an inference layer, and domain models for top-down development of the medical knowledge base. An abstract medical knowledge model that deals primarily with the static part of the knowledge base, defining the types of objects this contains and their interrelations, was developed, along with specialist domain theories that help to maintain the integrity of the knowledge. The model provides a specification of what is required in the knowledge base. <<ETX>>
Metallurgical Development in Steel‐plant‐internal Multi‐injection Hot Metal Desulphurisation

The use of thermodynamic, statistical, and light and electron‐optical microscopic methods has made it possible to analyse the course of reactions during steel‐plant‐internal hot metal desulphurisation. The theoretical dependence between oxygen and sulphur activity has been used to develop an EMF‐measurement‐based technique for determining the sulphur content as the hot metal is desulphurised. The absence of magnesium sulphide from the collection of phases in the final slag because of the greater stability and secondary formation of calcium sulphide has been explained with the aid of thermo‐chemical calculations.
Effects of air temperature during rice grain-filling period on the formation of rice grain yield and its quality

The grain-filling period of rice is critical to the formation of rice grain yield and its quality,whereas the air temperature in this period has significant effects on the rice grain-filling.With the global warming and the increasing frequency and amplitude of extreme temperature events,to study the response characteristics of rice grain-filling and grain quality to temperature stress and the related physiological and biochemical mechanisms is one of the research hotspots in rice cultivation.Taking the air temperature during rice grain-filling as the cut-in point,this paper discussed the appropriate temperature for the formation of rice grain yield and its quality,the critical period affected by temperature,and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rice under temperature stress.The key stage the temperature affected the rice grain yield and its quality was the early period of grain-filling(20 days after full heading). The optimum temperature,21-26 ℃,was conducive to the enrichment and deposition of starch in rice grain,while too high or too low temperature was unbeneficial to the grain yield and its quality.Under temperature stress,the physiological and biochemical activities of rice decreased,its photosynthetic functions declined,resistance to adversity lowered,and dry matter accumulation and translocation were restrained,resulting in the decline of rice production and the deterioration of rice grain quality.These findings could provide reference for the rice cultivation of high yield and high quality and the research of the temperature in rice grain-filling period.
Workplace‐related generational characteristics of nurses: A mixed‐method systematic review

AIMS The aim of this study was to describe and summarize workplace characteristics of three nursing generations: Baby Boomers, Generations X and Y. BACKGROUND Generational differences affect occupational well-being, nurses' performance, patient outcomes and safety; therefore, nurse managers, administrators and educators are interested increasingly in making evidence-based decisions about the multigenerational nursing workforce. DESIGN Mixed-method systematic review. DATA SOURCES Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Scopus (January 1991-January 2017). REVIEW METHODS (1) The Joanna Briggs Institute's method for conducting mixed-method systematic reviews; (2) the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and (3) the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines. The studies' methodological quality was assessed with the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative and mixed-method studies were transformed into qualitative methods using a convergent qualitative synthesis and qualitative findings were combined with a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included with three main themes and 11 subthemes: (1) Job attitudes (work engagement; turnover intentions, reasons for leaving; reasons, incentives/disincentives to continue nursing); (2) Emotion-related job aspects (stress/resilience; well-being/job satisfaction; affective commitment; unit climate; work ethic) and (3) Practice and leadership-related aspects (autonomy; perceived competence; leadership relationships and perceptions). Baby Boomers reported lower levels of stress and burnout than did Generations X and Y, different work engagement, factors affecting workplace well-being and retention and greater intention to leave compared with Generation Y, which was less resilient, but more cohesive. CONCLUSION Although several studies reported methodological limitations and conflicting findings, generational differences in nurses' job attitudes, emotional, practice and leadership factors should be considered to enhance workplace quality.
Targeted therapy for localized non-small-cell lung cancer: a review

Targeted therapies have markedly improved the management of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their efficacy in localized NSCLC is less well established. The aim of this review is to analyze trials of targeted therapies in localized NSCLC. In patients with wild-type EGFR, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown no efficacy in Phase III trials. Few data are available for EGFR-mutated localized NSCLC, as routine biological profiling is not recommended. Available studies are small, often retrospectives, and/or conducted in a single-center making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Ongoing prospective Phase III trials are comparing adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration versus adjuvant chemotherapy. By analogy with the indication of bevacizumab in advanced NSCLC, use of antiangiogenic agents in the perioperative setting is currently restricted to nonsquamous NSCLC. Several trials of adjuvant or neoadjuvant bevacizumab are planned or ongoing, but for the moment there is no evidence of efficacy. Data on perioperative use of biomarkers in early-stage NSCLC come mainly from small, retrospective, uncontrolled studies. Assessment of customized adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy in localized NSCLC (with or without oncogenic driver mutations) is a major challenge.
Improvement in Ovarian Tissue Quality with Supplementation of Antifreeze Protein during Warming of Vitrified Mouse Ovarian Tissue

Ice easily recrystallizes during warming after vitrification, and antifreeze protein (AFP) can inhibit the re-crystallization. However, no study has evaluated the effect of AFP treatment only thereon during warming. This study sought to compare AFP treatment protocols: a conventional protocol with AFP treatment during vitrification and first-step warming and a new protocol with AFP treatment during the first-step warming only. According to the protocols, 10 mg/mL of LeIBP (a type of AFP) was used. Five-week-old B6D2F1 mouse ovaries were randomly divided into a vitrified-warmed control and two experimental groups, one treated with the conventional AFP treatment protocol (LeIBP-all) and the other with the new AFP treatment protocol (LeIBP-w). For evaluation, ratios of ovarian follicle integrity, apoptosis, and DNA double-strand (DDS) damage/repairing were analyzed. The LeIBP-treated groups showed significantly higher intact follicle ratios than the control, and the results were similar between the LeIBP-treated groups. Apoptotic follicle ratios were significantly lower in both LeIBP-treated groups than the control, and the results were not significantly different between the LeIBP-treated groups. With regard to DDS damage/repairing follicle ratio, significantly lower ratios were recorded in both LeIBP-treated groups, compared to the control, and the results were similar between the LeIBP-treated groups. This study demonstrated that both protocols with LeIBP had a beneficial effect on maintaining follicle integrity and preventing follicle apoptosis and DDS damage. Moreover, the new protocol showed similar results to the conventional protocol. This new protocol could optimize the mouse ovary vitrification-warming procedure using AFP, while minimizing the treatment steps.
Automatic Web Page Classification

Aim of this paper is to describe a method of automatic web page classification to semantic domains and its evaluation. The classifica- tion method exploits machine learning algorithms and several morpho- logical as well as semantical text processing tools. In contrast to general text document classification, in the web document classification there are often problems with short web pages. In this paper we proposed two ap- proaches to eliminate the lack of information. In the first one we consider a wider context of a web page. That means we analyze web pages refer- enced from the investigated page. The second approach is based on so- phisticated term clustering by their similar grammatical context. This is done using statistic corpora tool the Sketch Engine.
Tanacetum vulgare: antiherpes virus activity of crude extract and the purified compound parthenolide

The present study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract and the isolated compound, parthenolide, from aerial parts of Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae), protected Vero cells from herpes simplex virus (HSV‐1) infection in vitro. The extract and parthenolide were assayed against HSV‐1 by the sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay and exhibited anti‐HSV‐1 activity with an EC50 of 40 µg/mL and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively. In order to determine which stage of the virus–cell interaction was affected by parthenolide, the pure compound was used. No effect was observed when both viruses and cells were pretreated, or during early stages of infection, suggesting that parthenolide interfered with virus replication after the penetration stage, inhibiting approximately 40% of plaques formed at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL when compared with an untreated control. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Help-Seeking on Facebook Versus More Traditional Sources of Help: Cross-Sectional Survey of Military Veterans

Background The media has devoted significant attention to anecdotes of individuals who post messages on Facebook prior to suicide. However, it is unclear to what extent social media is perceived as a source of help or how it compares to other sources of potential support for mental health problems. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the degree to which military veterans with depression use social media for help-seeking in comparison to other more traditional sources of help. Methods Cross-sectional self-report survey of 270 adult military veterans with probable major depression. Help-seeking intentions were measured with a modified General Help-Seeking Questionnaire. Facebook users and nonusers were compared via t tests, Chi-square, and mixed effects regression models. Associations between types of help-seeking were examined using mixed effects models. Results The majority of participants were users of social media, primarily Facebook (n=162). Mean overall help-seeking intentions were similar between Facebook users and nonusers, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Facebook users were very unlikely to turn to Facebook as a venue for support when experiencing either emotional problems or suicidal thoughts. Compared to help-seeking intentions for Facebook, help-seeking intentions for formal (eg, psychologists), informal (eg, friends), or phone helpline sources of support were significantly higher. Results did not substantially change when examining users of other social media, women, or younger adults. Conclusions In its current form, the social media platform Facebook is not seen as a venue to seek help for emotional problems or suicidality among veterans with major depression in the United States.
Distribution and Identification of Endophytic Streptomyces Species from Schima wallichii as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Plant Pathogens

Abstract The prospective of endophytic microorganisms allied with medicinal plants is disproportionally large compared to those in other biomes. The use of antagonistic microorganisms to control devastating fungal pathogens is an attractive and eco-friendly substitute for chemical pesticides. Many species of actinomycetes, especially the genus Streptomyces, are well known as biocontrol agents. We investigated the culturable community composition and biological control ability of endophytic Streptomyces sp. associated with an ethanobotanical plant Schima wallichi. A total of 22 actinobacterial strains were isolated from different organs of selected medicinal plants and screened for their biocontrol ability against seven fungal phytopathogens. Seven isolates showed significant inhibition activity against most of the selected pathogens. Their identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strongly indicated that all strains belonged to the genus Strepto myces. An endophytic strain BPSAC70 isolated from root tissues showed highest percentage of inhibition (98.3 %) against Fusarium culmorum with significant activity against other tested fungal pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that all seven strains shared 100 % similarity with the genus Streptomyces. In addition, the isolates were subjected to the amplification of antimicrobial genes encoding polyketide synthase type I (PKS-I) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and found to be present in most of the potent strains. Our results identified some potential endophytic Streptomyces species having antagonistic activity against multiple fungal phytopathogens that could be used as an effective biocontrol agent against pathogenic fungi.
The best models of metabolism

Biochemical systems are among of the oldest application areas of mathematical modeling. Spanning a time period of over one hundred years, the repertoire of options for structuring a model and for formulating reactions has been constantly growing, and yet, it is still unclear whether or to what degree some models are better than others and how the modeler is to choose among them. In fact, the variety of options has become overwhelming and difficult to maneuver for novices and experts alike. This review outlines the metabolic model design process and discusses the numerous choices for modeling frameworks and mathematical representations. It tries to be inclusive, even though it cannot be complete, and introduces the various modeling options in a manner that is as unbiased as that is feasible. However, the review does end with personal recommendations for the choices of default models. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1391. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1391
Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND Obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome are relatively unresponsive to the induction of ovulation by clomiphene. We hypothesized that reducing insulin secretion by administering metformin would increase the ovulatory response to clomiphene. METHODS We performed oral glucose-tolerance tests before and after the administration of 500 mg of metformin or placebo three times daily for 35 days in 61 obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Women who did not ovulate spontaneously were then given 50 mg of clomiphene daily for five days while continuing to take metformin or placebo. Serum progesterone was measured on days 14, 28, 35, 44, and 53, and ovulation was presumed to have occurred if the concentration exceeded 8 ng per milliliter (26 nmol per liter) on any of these days. RESULTS Twenty-one women in the metformin group and 25 women in the placebo group were given clomiphene because they did not ovulate spontaneously during the first phase of the study. Among the 21 women given metformin plus clomiphene, the mean (+/-SE) area under the serum insulin curve after oral glucose administration decreased from 6745+/-2021 to 3479+/-455 microU per milliliter per minute (40.5+/-12.1 to 20.9+/-2.7 nmol per liter per minute, P=0.03), but it did not change significantly in the 25 women given placebo plus clomiphene. Nineteen of the 21 women (90 percent) who received metformin plus clomiphene ovulated (mean peak serum progesterone concentration, 23.8+/-3.4 ng per milliliter [7.6+/-10.9 nmol per liter]). Two of the 25 women (8 percent) who received placebo plus clomiphene ovulated (P<0.001). Overall, 31 of the 35 women (89 percent) treated with metformin ovulated spontaneously or in response to clomiphene, as compared with 3 of the 26 women (12 percent) treated with placebo. CONCLUSIONS The ovulatory response to clomiphene can be increased in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome by decreasing insulin secretion with metformin.
DialBetics: Smartphone-Based Self-Management for Type 2 Diabetes Patients on Insulin Injections.

Self-management is the key to diabetes therapy.1 Information communication technology—including smartphone applications—is recognized as a promising means of allowing timely intervention to support self-management by diabetes patients.2 We developed a real-time automated interactive system—DialBetics—to help patients achieve that self-management.3 A randomized control trial for 54 type 2 diabetes patients who were not on insulin injections showed that hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of the group using DialBetics improved significantly after 3 months: from 7.1 ± 1.0% to 6.7 ± 0.7% versus the control group’s 7.0 ± 0.9% to 7.1 ± 1.1% (P = .019). 4 A pilot study was then conducted to assess the safety and usability for type 2 diabetes patients on insulin injections.