Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Database of Relations between Predicate Argument Structures for Recognizing Textual Entailment and Contradiction

In this paper, we present a database of logical relations between predicate argument structures (PASs) in Japanese for recognizing relations between statements. We have defined nine logical relations between PASs and manually collected argument structures and logical relations for verbs from definition sentences in a machine-readable Japanese dictionary. In addition, we augmented the relations in our database with a thesaurus of verb argument structures, which identifies synonymy and antonymy between PASs. Our database consists of 29,555 entries and 45,905 relations between PASs. In a preliminary experiment with this database, we constructed a system that recognizes synonymy between PASs in Web documents with a precision of about 0.80.
A Constructive Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for the Flowshop Scheduling Problem

Summary This paper introduces a technique for solving the flowshop scheduling problem. The major idea is to partition the set of feasible solutions into regions in order to diversify the search that is used on a Genetic Algorithm variation. The population is formed by every distinct subject and it is carried out constructively in such a way that any iteration guarantees a diversification on the search for a feasible solution. The problem is a very well known NP-Hard problem and it imposes great challenges for determining its optimal solution in the practice. Computational experiments are reported for the literature instances and the obtained results are compared with other techniques.
Hip flexor fatigue limits walking in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease results in distal lower limb weakness that affects walking. In this study we assess the role of the hip flexors in compensating for distal weakness while walking and the effects of prolonged walking on these putative compensatory strategies. Eighteen subjects with CMT disease were compared with 14 matched controls while they walked on a treadmill to a predetermined point of perceived effort. A significant reduction was observed in peak hip flexor velocity during walking and hip flexor maximal voluntary contraction. In a second session following selective fatigue of the hip flexors, hip flexor velocity decreased immediately on walking, and walking duration was greatly reduced. This study suggests that hip flexors compensate for distal weakness and that fatigue in the hip flexors can limit walking duration. Treatments directed toward improving proximal muscle strength may therefore help to delay onset of hip flexor fatigue and thus prolong walking duration. Muscle Nerve, 2009
A Shadowing Problem in the Detection of Overlapping Communities: Lifting the Resolution Limit through a Cascading Procedure

Community detection is the process of assigning nodes and links in significant communities (e.g. clusters, function modules) and its development has led to a better understanding of complex networks. When applied to sizable networks, we argue that most detection algorithms correctly identify prominent communities, but fail to do so across multiple scales. As a result, a significant fraction of the network is left uncharted. We show that this problem stems from larger or denser communities overshadowing smaller or sparser ones, and that this effect accounts for most of the undetected communities and unassigned links. We propose a generic cascading approach to community detection that circumvents the problem. Using real and artificial network datasets with three widely used community detection algorithms, we show how a simple cascading procedure allows for the detection of the missing communities. This work highlights a new detection limit of community structure, and we hope that our approach can inspire better community detection algorithms.
Vitamin C and the Risk of Preeclampsia— Results from Dietary Questionnaire and Plasma Assay

Background. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Methods. In a case-control study of 109 women with preeclampsia and 259 controls, maternal dietary and plasma vitamin C in relation to preeclampsia risk were assessed. Dietary intake during the periconceptional period and pregnancy was ascertained using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression procedures were used to derive odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Plasma ascorbic acid was determined using automated enzymatic procedures. Results. After adjusting for maternal age, parity, prepregnancy body mass index, and energy intake, women who consumed <85 mg of vitamin C daily (below the recommended dietary allowance), as compared with others, experienced a doubling in preeclampsia risk (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1–3.9). The OR for extreme quartiles of plasma ascorbic acid (<42.5 vs ≥ 63.3 &mgr;mol/liter) was 2.3 (95% CI = 1.1–4.6). Compared with women in the highest quartile, those with plasma ascorbic acid <34.6 &mgr;mol/liter (lowest decile) experienced a 3.8-fold increased risk of preeclampsia (95% CI = 1.7–8.8). Conclusions. Our results, if confirmed, would suggest that current public health efforts to increase intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants may reduce the risk of preeclampsia.
Cholestasis and lesions of the biliary tract in chronic pancreatitis.

The occurrence of jaundice in the course of chronic pancreatitis has been recognised since the 19th century" 2. But in the early papers it is uncertain whether the cases were due to acute, acute relapsing, or to chronic pancreatitis, or even to pancreatic cancer associated with pancreatitis or benign ampullary stenosis. With the introduction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), there has been a renewed interest in the biliary complications of chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, papers published recently by endoscopists have generally neglected the cholangiographic aspect of the lesions and are less precise and less well documented than papers published just after the second world war, following the introduction of manometric cholangiography3-5. Furthermore, the description of obstructive jaundice due to chronic pancreatitis, classical 20 years ago, seems to have been forgotten until the recent papers.
The impact of air pollutants on rainwater chemistry during “urban‐induced heavy rainfall” in downtown Tokyo, Japan

In order to clarify the impact of air pollution on the formation of sudden and locally distributed heavy rain in urban areas (hereafter UHR = urban‐induced heavy rain), we analyzed inorganic ions in rainwater samples collected on an event basis over 5 years from October 2012 to December 2016 in Shinjuku, Tokyo. Hourly rainfall amounts and wet deposition fluxes of acidic components (the sum of H+, NH4+, NO3−, and nonsea‐salt SO42−) in UHR were 13.1 and 17.8 times larger than those in normal rainfall, respectively, indicating that large amount of air pollutants were scavenged and deposited by UHR with large amounts of rainfall. The level of air pollutants, such as NO2, SO2, and potential ozone, in the ambient air increased just before the formation of UHR and decreased sharply at the end of the UHR event. These results indicate that NO2, which was formed secondarily by oxidants, was further oxidized by HO radicals and formed HNO3 just before the formation of UHR, which was subsequently scavenged by UHR.
Ciliary activity and the origin of metachrony in Paramecium: effects of increased viscosity.

1. In forward-swimming Paramecium the direction of metachronal wave propagation is turned progressively clockwise from forward-right to backward-left if the viscosity of the medium is increased to more than 100 cP. 2. With increasing viscosity the direction of the power stroke is turned clockwise at a lower rate than the direction of waves. This leads to a gradual transformation of the dexioplectic metachrony toward a symplectic pattern. 3. As viscosity is raised the polarization of the ciliary cycle in time and space is Progressively reduced, so that the beat becomes increasingly helicoidal. 4. Metachronal coordination gradually breaks down at viscosities of more than about 100 cP, but is retained better at the anterior end of the cell than in more posterior regions. 5. At viscosities above 12 cP the left-handed swimming helix of Paramecium is changed into a right-handed helix. This is produced primarily by the viscositydependent clockwise shift in the direction of the power stroke from backward-right to backward-left. 6. The frequency of peristomal cilia (32/s. at 20°C) decreases with rising viscosity. Under constant conditions, a posteriorly directed gradient of decreasing frequency can be observed with the stroboscope. 7. Raising the viscosity leads to an increase of the average wavelength from 10.7 µm at 1 cP to 14.3 µm at 40 cP. In the same range of viscosity the wave velocity, which is the product of frequency and wavelength, is reduced from 340 to 200 µm/s, since the drop in frequency exceeds the increase in wavelength. 8. The wave velocity tends to be stabilized by reciprocal relations between frequency and wavelength, if all other factors are kept constant. However, the wavelength is found to be different in forward-swimming and backward-swimming animals at 40 cP without a change in frequency (14.1 bps; 14.3 compared to 12.7 µm). This is explained if the metachronal wavelength is increased by decreasing polarization of the ciliary cycle. 9. A working hypothesis is put forward which explains the origin of a metachronal system by the distribution of forces parallel to the cell surface produced by polarized or unpolarized cycles of ciliary movement.
A 12-Channel, real-time near-infrared spectroscopy instrument for brain-computer interface applications

A continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications is presented. In the literature, experiments have been carried out on subjects with such motor degenerative diseases as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which have demonstrated the suitability of NIRS to access intentional functional activity, which could be used in a BCI as a communication aid. Specifically, a real-time, multiple channel NIRS tool is needed to realise access to even a few different mental states, for reasonable baud rates. The 12-channel instrument described here has a spatial resolution of 30mm, employing a flexible software demodulation scheme. Temporal resolution of ∼100ms is maintained since typical topographic imaging is not needed, since we are only interested in exploiting the vascular response for BCI control. A simple experiment demonstrates the ability of the system to report on haemodynamics during single trial mental arithmetic tasks. Multiple trial averaging is not required.
Comment on “Scaling the thermophysiological effects of radiofrequency radiation—revisited”

Dr. Eleanor Adair and colleagues have published results of an excellent study on the thermophysiological consequences of whole-body resonant exposure to 100 MHz in humans [Adair et al., 2003]. They recorded sweating and several other thermoeffectors in humans (in swim suits) exposed for 45 min to 100 MHz when maintained at ambient temperatures (T a ) of 24, 28, and 31 8 C. At a T a of 24 8 C (a relatively cool temperature in a swim suit), a threshold SAR to elicit sweating was estimated at 0.54 W/kg. Threshold SAR was as low at 0.26 W/kg at the warmer T a ’s. I would be remiss if I did not comment on the similarity between the threshold SARs reported by Adair et al. [2003] and the predicted threshold SARs for human responses that I made in 1982 [Gordon, 1982]. At the time of publication there were no data on the thermophysiological responses of humans when exposed to RF radiation. I reported on the threshold SAR to elicit an increase in evaporative heat loss (EHL) in unrestrained mice exposed to 2450 MHz for 90 min at a T a of 20 8 C. This T a is approximately 10 8 C below the mouse’s thermoneutral zone for basal metabolism, meaning that it is a relatively cool environment [Gordon, 1993]. The threshold SAR to increase EHL for the mouse was 29 W/kg. This SAR was more than 70 times greater than that of the 0.4 W/kg ANSI standard for human exposure. I used basic principles of allometry to scale the threshold SAR response of the mouse to that of an adult human [Gordon, 1982]. Allometric equations express empirically a physiological variable as a
Exploiting Wikipedia to Identify Domain-Specific Key Terms/Phrases from a Short-Text Collection

Extracting from a given document collection what we call “domain-specific” key terms/phrases is a challenging task. By “domainspecific” key terms/phrases we mean words/expressions representative of the topical areas specific to the focus of a document collection. For example, when a collection is related to academic research (i.e., its focus is related to topics dealing with academic research), the domain-specific key terms/phrases could be ‘Information Retrieval’, ‘Marine Biology’, ‘Science’, etc. In this contribution a technique for identifying domain-specific key terms/phrases from a collection of documents is proposed. The proposed technique works on short textual descriptions, and it makes use of the titles of Wikipedia articles and of the Wikipedia category graph. We performed some experiments over the document collection (html title text only) of eight post-graduate school Web sites of five different countries. The evaluations show promising results for the identification of domain-specific key terms/phrases.
HYPERTENSION, BLOOD LIPIDS, AND CIGARETTE SMOKING AS CO‐RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Many are skeptical that atherosclerosis can be retarded by controlling hypertension, and some even doubt whether high pressures are a major contributor to coronary heart disease (CHD) . l , * There is little justification for such skepticism. Of the three major varieties of vascular pathology associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis (the cause of coronary heart disease, most brain infarctions and peripheral arterial disease) is now by far the most commonly encountered. The fibrinoid arteriolar necrosis of accelerated, malignant hypertension is now seldom encountered and the Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms responsible for intracerebral hemorrhage are seen with less frequency. The sequelae for hypertension have changed radically over the past two decades, so that hypertensives these days seldom die of malignant hypertension, renal insufficiency, hypertensive encephalopathy, or massive intracerebral hemorrhage. We are now faced largely with atherosclerotic sequelae, principally coronary heart disease. As effective antihypertensive treatment has become available, the more severe and malignant grades of hypertension have become less life threatening. The more insidious form, primary hypertension, now produces most of the damage in the form of heart attacks, strokes, arteriolar nephrosclerosis, congestive heart failure, and peripheral arterial disease. Primary hypertension has received an unjustified reputation as “benign” because the highly lethal accelerated form was used as a standard of comparison. When the general population is more appropriately used as the standard, elevated blood pressure emerges as the most common and most powerful contributor to cardiovascular m~rtal i ty . ~ This is still true despite the availability of effective treatment. There is no escaping the fact that blood pressure is intimately related to the atherosclerotic process and to the development of coronary heart disease, now its major lethal clinical manifestation.4 Hypertension promotes atherosclerosis and, less frequently, atherosclerosis produces hypertension. The most favored explanation for this association is that the high blood pressure injures the vessel wall and produces metabolic changes that promote lipid dep~sit ion. ~ In fact, blood pressure appears to be a critical factor in atherogenesis. Despite being bathed by the same lipid-laden blood, low pressure parts of the circulation are seldom involved in the atherosclerotic process that afflicts the high pressure segments in the same person. Until pathology induces long-standing pulmonary hypertension, the low pressure pulmonary arterial circulation does not share in the atherosclerotic process.5 In coarctation of the aorta, lesions develop only in the high pressure circulation proximal to the obstr~ction. ~ In the few persons who have survived to middle age with the left coronary artery originating from the low pressure pulmonary artery, autopsies have shown atherosclerosis con-
Parthenolide induces MITF-M downregulation and senescence in patient-derived MITF-Mhigh melanoma cell populations

The activity of the M isoform of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M) has been attributed to regulation of differentiation, proliferation, survival and senescence of melanoma cells. MITF expression was shown to be antagonized by the activation of transcription factor NF-κB. Parthenolide, an inhibitor of NF-κB, has not been yet reported to affect MITF-M expression. Our results obtained in patient-derived melanoma cell populations indicate that parthenolide efficiently decreases the MITF-M level. This is neither dependent on p65/NF-κB signaling nor RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity as inhibition of MEK by GSK1120212 (trametinib) and induction of ERK1/2 activity by parthenolide itself do not interfere with parthenolide-triggered depletion of MITF-M in both wild-type BRAF and BRAFV600E melanoma populations. Parthenolide activity is not prevented by inhibitors of caspases, proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. As parthenolide reduces MITF-M transcript level and HDAC1 protein level, parthenolide-activated depletion of MITF-M protein may be considered as a result of transcriptional regulation, however, the influence of parthenolide on other elements of a dynamic control over MITF-M cannot be ruled out. Parthenolide induces diverse effects in melanoma cells, from death to senescence. The mode of the response to parthenolide is bound to the molecular characteristics of melanoma cells, particularly to the basal MITF-M expression level but other cell-autonomous differences such as NF-κB activity and MCL-1 level might also contribute. Our data suggest that parthenolide can be developed as a drug used in combination therapy against melanoma when simultaneous inhibition of MITF-M, NF-κB and HDAC1 is needed.
A Model for Correlated Rician Fading Channels Based on a Finite Queue

We study the problem of approximating the family of hard-decision frequency-shift keying demodulated correlated flat Rician fading channels via a recently introduced queue-based channel (QBC) model for binary communication channels with memory. For a given ldquodiscretizedrdquo fading channel, we construct a QBC whose noise process is statistically ldquocloserdquo in the Kullback-Leibler sense to the error or noise process that is generated by the fading channel, and the modeling accuracy is evaluated in terms of noise autocorrelation function (ACF) and channel capacity. Numerical results indicate that the QBC provides a good approximation of the fading channels for a wide range of channel conditions. Furthermore, it estimates the noise ACF more accurately than the finite-state Markov models that have been recently studied by Pimentel , while, at the same time, remaining mathematically tractable.
Characterization of serine hydroxymethyltransferase GlyA as a potential source of D-alanine in Chlamydia pneumoniae

For intracellular Chlamydiaceae, there is no need to withstand osmotic challenges, and a functional cell wall has not been detected in these pathogens so far. Nevertheless, penicillin inhibits cell division in Chlamydiaceae resulting in enlarged aberrant bodies, a phenomenon known as chlamydial anomaly. D-alanine is a unique and essential component in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. In free-living bacteria like Escherichia coli, penicillin-binding proteins such as monofunctional transpeptidases PBP2 and PBP3, the putative targets of penicillin in Chlamydiaceae, cross-link adjacent peptidoglycan strands via meso-diaminopimelic acid and D-Ala-D-Ala moieties of pentapeptide side chains. In the absence of genes coding for alanine racemase Alr and DadX homologs, the source of D-Ala and thus the presence of substrates for PBP2 and PBP3 activity in Chlamydiaceae has puzzled researchers for years. Interestingly, Chlamydiaceae genomes encode GlyA, a serine hydroxymethyltransferase that has been shown to exhibit slow racemization of D- and L-alanine as a side reaction in E. coli. We show that GlyA from Chlamydia pneumoniae can serve as a source of D-Ala. GlyA partially reversed the D-Ala auxotrophic phenotype of an E. coli racemase double mutant. Moreover, purified chlamydial GlyA had racemase activity on L-Ala in vitro and was inhibited by D-cycloserine, identifying GlyA, besides D-Ala ligase MurC/Ddl, as an additional target of this competitive inhibitor in Chlamydiaceae. Proof of D-Ala biosynthesis in Chlamydiaceae helps to clarify the structure of cell wall precursor lipid II and the role of chlamydial penicillin-binding proteins in the development of non-dividing aberrant chlamydial bodies and persistence in the presence of penicillin.
Neurocontrol of nonlinear dynamical systems with Kalman filter trained recurrent networks

Although the potential of the powerful mapping and representational capabilities of recurrent network architectures is generally recognized by the neural network research community, recurrent neural networks have not been widely used for the control of nonlinear dynamical systems, possibly due to the relative ineffectiveness of simple gradient descent training algorithms. Developments in the use of parameter-based extended Kalman filter algorithms for training recurrent networks may provide a mechanism by which these architectures will prove to be of practical value. This paper presents a decoupled extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm for training of recurrent networks with special emphasis on application to control problems. We demonstrate in simulation the application of the DEKF algorithm to a series of example control problems ranging from the well-known cart-pole and bioreactor benchmark problems to an automotive subsystem, engine idle speed control. These simulations suggest that recurrent controller networks trained by Kalman filter methods can combine the traditional features of state-space controllers and observers in a homogeneous architecture for nonlinear dynamical systems, while simultaneously exhibiting less sensitivity than do purely feedforward controller networks to changes in plant parameters and measurement noise.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Segmentasi Dan Klasifikasi Jerawat Dengan Metode Region Growing Dan Self Organizing Map

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease found in men of all ages and sexes. Acnes have different types according to their severity. In this research, an application were developed to detect, do segmentation, and process the classification an acne object in human’s face. The process begins with the insertion of several seed points on a photo. Each of those seed points were developed further into a region that mask the whole acne using Region Growing Method. Afterward, the regions were grouped together with other acne of similiar features using Self Organizing Map. According to the experiment’s result, the Region Growing Method gives a satisfying result to do a segmentation on an acne object. But it should be pointed out that every different acne object requires different threshold to achieve an ideal result. Self Organizing Map gives an undesirable result, as the input photos with different skin colors and lightning conditions affect the accuraccy of the result.