Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tail Estimates for Sums of Variables Sampled by a Random Walk

We prove tail estimates for variables of the form ∑if(Xi), where (Xi)i is a sequence of states drawn from a reversible Markov chain, or, equivalently, from a random walk on an undirected graph. The estimates are in terms of the range of the function f, its variance, and the spectrum of the graph. The purpose of our estimates is to determine the number of chain/walk samples which are required for approximating the expectation of a distribution on vertices of a graph, especially an expander. The estimates must therefore provide information for fixed number of samples (as in Gillman's [4]) rather than just asymptotic information. Our proofs are more elementary than other proofs in the literature, and our results are sharper. We obtain Bernstein- and Bennett-type inequalities, as well as an inequality for sub-Gaussian variables.
Channel model on various frequency bands for wearable Body Area Network

Body Area Network (BAN) is considered as a promising technology in supporting medical and healthcare services by combining with various biological sensors. In this paper, we look at wearable BAN, which provides communication links among sensors on body surface. In order to design a BAN that manages biologic information with high efficiency and high reliability, the propagation characteristics of BAN must be thoroughly investigated. As a preliminary effort, we measured the propagation characteristics of BAN at frequency bands of 400 MHz, 600 MHz, 900 MHz, and 2400 MHz respectively. Channel models for wearable BAN based on the measurement results were derived. Our results show that the channel models can be described by using a path loss model for all investigated frequency bands.
Detection of regions of interest and camouflage breaking by direct convexity estimation

Detection of regions of interest is usually based on edge maps. We suggest a novel nonedge-based mechanism for detection of regions of interest, which extracts 3D information from the image. Our operator detects smooth 3D convex and concave objects based on direct processing of intensity values. Invariance to a large family of functions is mathematically proved. It follows that our operator is robust to variation in illumination, or orientation, and scale, in contrast with most other attentional operators. The operator is also demonstrated to efficiently detect 3D objects camouflaged in noisy areas. An extensive comparison, with edge-based attentional operators is delineated.
Selection on codon bias in yeast: a transcriptional hypothesis

Codons that code for the same amino acid are often used with unequal frequencies. This phenomenon is termed codon bias. Here, we report a computational analysis of codon bias in yeast using experimental and theoretical genome-wide data. We show that the most used codons in highly expressed genes can be predicted by mRNA structural data and that the codon choice at each synonymous site within an mRNA is not random with respect to the local secondary structure. Because we also found that the folding stability of intron sequences is strongly correlated with codon bias and mRNA level, our results suggest that codon bias is linked to mRNA folding structure through a mechanism that, at least partially, operates before pre-mRNA splicing. Consistent with this, we report evidence supporting the adaptation of the tRNA pool to the codon profile of the most expressed genes rather than vice versa. We show that the correlation of codon usage with the gene expression level also includes the stop codons that are normally not decoded by aminoacyl-tRNAs. The results reported here are consistent with a role for transcriptional forces in driving codon usage bias via a mechanism that improves gene expression by optimizing mRNA folding structures.
An improved adaptive feedforward cancellation for tool trajectory tracking in diamond turning of freeform optics

Optical free-form surfaces can be realized by diamond turning based on Fast Tool Servo (FTS), which is an efficient, precise and low-cost processing method. In order to use diamond turning to manufacture optical free-form surface, this paper develops a great stroke FTS which is driven by voice coil, analyzes and establishes a transfer function model of the FTS, and improves adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC) control algorithm. Through simulation analysis, compare the performances of the control system in detail. The results show that the improved AFC in this paper betters the robustness of the control system, and it can be used to track the tool path of the FTS.
Chromatic dispersion estimation based on complementary Golay sequences for 80 Gb/s QPSK single-carrier system with frequency domain equalization

In this paper, we present a chromatic dispersion (CD) estimation technique based on complementary Golay sequences for systems employing single-carrier with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) format. By exploiting the unique correlation property of Golay sequences and using the sequences as channel estimation symbol (CES), chromatic dispersion can be estimated by measuring partial phase response and compensated using frequency domain equalization (FDE) with relatively low complexity in both the training sequences and estimation algorithm. The technique is verified by computer simulation to be able to estimate and compensate for up to 1500 km fiber with standard dispersion at high accuracy in 80 Gb/s coherent NRZ-QPSK system.
Sudakov resummation and finite order expansions of heavy quark hadroproduction cross sections

We resum Sudakov threshold enhancements in heavy quark hadroproduction for single-heavy-quark inclusive and pair-inclusive kinematics. We expand these resummed results and derive analytical finite-order cross sections through next-to-next-to-leading order. This involves the construction of next-to-leading order matching conditions in color space. For the scale dependent terms, we derive exact results using renormalization group methods. We study the effects of scale variations, scheme and kinematics choice on the partonic and hadronic cross sections, and provide estimates for top and bottom quark production cross sections.
Facilitation of ipsilateral actions of corticospinal tract neurons on feline motoneurons by transcranial direct current stimulation

Ipsilateral actions of pyramidal tract (PT) neurons are weak but may, if strengthened, compensate for deficient crossed PT actions following brain damage. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can strengthen ipsilateral PT (iPT) actions; in particular, those relayed by reticulospinal neurons co‐excited by axon collaterals of fibres descending in the iPT and contralateral PT (coPT) and of reticulospinal neurons descending in the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF). The effects of tDCS were assessed in acute experiments on deeply anaesthetized cats by comparing postsynaptic potentials evoked in hindlimb motoneurons and discharges recorded from their axons in a ventral root, before, during and after tDCS. tDCS was consistently found to facilitate joint actions of the iPT and coPT, especially when they were stimulated together with the MLF. Both excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked in motoneurons and the ensuing ventral root discharges were facilitated, even though the facilitatory effects of tDCS were not sufficient for activation of motoneurons by iPT neurons alone. Facilitation outlasted single tDCS periods by at least a few minutes, and the effects evoked by repeated tDCS by up to 2 h. The results of this study thus indicate that tDCS may increase the contribution of iPT actions to the recovery of motor functions after injuries to coPT neurons, and thereby assist rehabilitation, provided that corticoreticular and reticulospinal connections are preserved.
A Novel Maximum-likelihood-based Synchronization Algorithm for TH-UWB Signals

This paper deals with timing acquisition in ultra-wideband communications operating in a dense multipath environment. A novel symbol and frame synchronization algorithm is proposed based on the maximum-likelihood criterion. And it exploits the samples of the received signal to estimate the start of the individual frames with respect to a local reference (frame timing) and the location of the first frame in each symbol (symbol timing). Time-hopping modulation with binary symbols is assumed. The mean square error (MSE) of the timing acquisition algorithm is assessed by simulating a receiver employs RAKE structure
Partial Portal Vein Arterialization Attenuates Acute Bile Duct Injury Induced by Hepatic Dearterialization in a Rat Model

Hepatic infarcts or abscesses occur after hepatic artery interruption. We explored the mechanisms of hepatic deprivation-induced acute liver injury and determine whether partial portal vein arterialization attenuated this injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either complete hepatic arterial deprivation or partial portal vein arterialization, or both. Hepatic ischemia was evaluated using biochemical analysis, light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Hepatic ATP levels, the expression of hypoxia- and inflammation-associated genes and proteins, and the expression of bile transporter genes were assessed. Complete dearterialization of the liver induced acute liver injury, as evidenced by the histological changes, significantly increased serum biochemical markers, decreased ATP content, increased expression of hypoxia- and inflammation-associated genes and proteins, and decreased expression of bile transporter genes. These detrimental changes were extenuated but not fully reversed by partial portal vein arterialization, which also attenuated ductular reaction and fibrosis in completely dearterialized rat livers. Collectively, complete hepatic deprivation causes severe liver injury, including bile infarcts and biloma formation. Partial portal vein arterialization seems to protect against acute ischemia-hypoxia-induced liver injury.
Are You Feeling Lucky?: Lottery-based Scheduling for Public Displays

Scheduling content onto pervasive displays is a complex problem. Researchers have identified an array of potential requirements that can influence scheduling decisions, but the relative importance of these different requirements varies across deployments, with context, and over time. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a lottery-based scheduling approach that allows for the combination of multiple scheduling policies and is easily extensible to accommodate new scheduling requirements.
Open Access book publisher

Many handheld force-feedback devices have been proposed to provide a rich experience with mobile devices. However, previously reported devices have been unable to generate both constant and translational force. They can only generate transient rotational force since they use a change in angular momentum. Here, we exploit the nonlinearity of human perception to generate both constant and translational force. Specifically, a strong acceleration is generated for a very brief period in the desired direction, while a weaker acceleration is generated over a longer period in the opposite direction. The internal human haptic sensors do not detect the weaker acceleration, so the original position of the mass is "washed out". The result is that the user is tricked into perceiving a unidirectional force. This force can be made continuous by repeating the motions. This chapter describes the pseudo-attraction force technique, which is a new force feedback technique that enables mobile devices to create a the sensation of two-dimensional force. A prototype was fabricated in which four slider-crank mechanism pairs were arranged in a cross shape and embedded in a force feedback display. Each slider-crank mechanism generates a force vector. By using the sum of the generated vectors, which are linearly independent, the force feedback display can create a force sensation in any arbitrary direction on a two-dimensional plane. We also introduce an interactive application with the force feedback display, an interactive robot, and a vision-based positioning system.
NF-κB in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Oncogenic Functions in Leukemic and in Microenvironmental Cells

Two main NF-κB signaling pathways, canonical and noncanonical, performing distinct functions in organisms have been characterized. Identification of mutations in genes encoding components of these NF-κB signaling pathways in lymphoid malignancies confirmed their key role in leukemogenesis. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of thymocytes that despite significant therapeutic advances can still be fatal. Although mutations in NF-κB genes have not been reported in T-ALL, NF-κB constitutive activation in human T-ALL and in acute T-cell leukemia mouse models has been observed. Although these studies revealed activation of members of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways in acute T-cell leukemia, only inhibition of canonical NF-κB signaling was shown to impair leukemic T cell growth. Besides playing an important pro-oncogenic role in leukemic T cells, NF-κB signaling also appears to modulate T-cell leukemogenesis through its action in microenvironmental stromal cells. This article reviews recent data on the role of these transcription factors in T-ALL and pinpoints further research crucial to determine the value of NF-κB inhibition as a means to treat T-ALL.
between ileal conduit and Comparison of postoperative acute kidney injury neobladder urinary diversions after radical cystectomy A propensity score matching analysis

Ileal conduit and neobladder urinary diversions are frequently performed after radical cystectomy. However, complications after radical cystectomy may be different according to the type of urinary diversion. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after surgery and increases costs, morbidity, and mortality of hospitalized patients. This study was performed to compare the incidence of postoperative AKI between ileal conduit and neobladder urinary diversions after radical cystectomy. All consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy in 2004 to 2014 in a single tertiary care center were identified. The patients were divided into the ileal conduit and ileal neobladder groups. Preoperative variables, including demographics, cancerrelated data and laboratory values, as well as intraoperative data and postoperative outcomes, including AKI, intensive care unit admission rate, and the duration of hospital stay, were evaluated between the groups. Postoperative AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome criteria. Propensity scorematching analysis was performed to reduce the influence of possible confounding variables and adjust for intergroup differences. After performing 1:1 propensity score matching, the ileal conduit and ileal neobladder groups each included 101 patients. The overall incidence of AKI after radical cystectomy was 30.7% (62 out of 202) and the incidences did not significantly differ between the groups (27 [26.7%], ileal conduit group vs 35 [34.7%], ileal neobladder group, P=0.268). Intraoperative data, intensive care unit admission rate, and the duration of hospital stay were not significantly different between the groups. Postoperative AKI did not significantly differ between ileal conduit and neobladder urinary diversions after radical cystectomy. This finding provides additional information useful for appropriate selection of the urinary diversion type in conjunction with radical cystectomy. Abbreviations: AKI = acute kidney injury, AKIN = Acute Kidney Injury Network, KDIGO = Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome, RIFLE = Risk Injury Failure Loss End-Stage.
Influence of Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphisms and Adverse Life Events on Depressive Symptoms in the Elderly: A Population-Based Study

Background Depression is common in the elderly. The role of genetic and environmental factors in modulating depressive symptoms is not clear. Methods We evaluated the influence of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and recent adverse life events on depressive symptoms in an elderly Italian population. We used data from “InveCe.Ab”, a population-based study of 1321 subjects aged 70–74 years. We used the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to assess depressive symptoms–a GDS score ≥5 points (GDS≥5) indicated the presence of clinically relevant symptoms–and performed 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 genotyping to obtain the triallelic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter. We used the Geriatric Adverse Life Events Scale to measure adverse life events, and logistic regression models to evaluate the role of genotype and recent adverse life events in depressive symptoms, controlling for potential confounders and independent predictors. Results Two hundred subjects (15.76%) had a GDS≥5. The 5-HTTLPR triallelic polymorphism was significantly associated with GDS≥5. Only S′S′ carriers showed an increased risk of depressive symptoms (ORadj = 1.81, p = .022); one extra adverse life event increased this risk by 14% (p = .061) independently of genotype. Other factors significantly related to GDS≥5 were: female gender (ORadj = 2.49, p < .001), age (ORadj = 1.19, p = .007), a history of depression (ORadj = 4.73, p < .001), and comorbidity (ORadj = 1.23, p = .001). One extra adverse life event increased the risk of depressive symptoms by 57% (p = .005) only in the L′L′ carriers, while antidepressant intake was directly related to GDS≥5 in the L′S′ carriers (ORadj = 2.46, p = .036) and borderline significant in the S′S′ carriers (ORadj = 2.41, p = .081). Discussion The S′S′ genotype and recent exposure to adverse life events were independently associated with depressive symptoms. The S′S′ genotype, compared with the environment, exerted a predominant effect on depressive symptoms, suggesting that it reduces the efficacy of antidepressant therapy. We conclude that genetics may be an important risk factor for depressive symptoms in late adulthood.
Codebook Optimization in Vector Quantization Using Genetic Algorithm

This paper presents Genetic algorithm (GA) as a part of evolutionary computing for vector quantizer design in color image compression. Vector quantization, a lossy method to compress the image data in spatial domain. So the quality of the decompressed image is degraded. In order to achieve trade off between quality of compression along with good compression ratio, the vector quantizer must be designed optimally. Hence we have applied genetic algorithm on the optimal design of the codebook generation in VQ, where codebook could minimize the average distortion between a given training set and the codebook. The performance of decompression is observed by using image quality measure as PSNR for the images with RGB color space. Comparison of Genetic algorithm (GA) based codebook method and Random codebook method is done.
Psychological well-being: Spirituality and successful aging

Aging is a multidimensional change involving the physical, psychological as well as social aspects for an individual. India has earned the distinction of being a "greying nation" with about 7.7% of its population consisting of older adults. In the last few decades, however researchers have become increasingly interested in psychological well-being (PWB) of elderly persons. Spirituality has been found to be a major predictor of PWB and shapes individuals' perspectives on the world and is expressed in the way that they live life. This study examined the relationship between daily spiritual experiences and PWB among male and female elderly persons of above 65 years of age. Two hundred elderly persons were drawn randomly from various cities and old age homes situated in India. Of these, there were 100 female and 100 male. The daily spiritual experience scale (DSES), (Underwood&Teresi, 2002) and Ryff scale of PWB (Ryff, 1989) were administered on these subjects. Results showed significant positive relationship between DSES and PWB among male and female elderly persons.
Discovery of Related Terms in a corpus using Reflective Random Indexing

A significant challenge in electronic discovery is the ability to retrieve relevant documents from a corpus of unstru ctu ed text containing emails and other written forms of humanto-human communications. For such tasks, recall suffers grea tly since it is difficult to anticipate all variations of a traditi onal keyword search that an individual may employ to describe an event, ity or item of interest. In these situations, being able to aut matically identify conceptually related terms, with the goal of augmen ting an initial search, has significant value. We describe a method ology that identifies related terms using a novel approach tha t utilizes Reflective Random Indexing and present parameters t hat impact its effectiveness in addressing information retriev al needs for the TREC 2010 Enron corpus.
Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870 . 7600 Dermal Penetration

INTRODUCTION This guideline is one of a series of test guidelines that have been developed by the Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, United States Environmental Protection Agency for use in the testing of pesticides and toxic substances, and the development of test data that must be submitted to the Agency for review under Federal regulations.
Two‐dimensional Echocardiographic Recognition of Myocardial Injury in Man: Comparison with Postmortem Studies

To assess the accuracy of phased-array two-dimensional echocardiography in detecting, localizing and quantifying myocardial injury in man, the relationship of two-dimensional echocardiographic wall motion abnormalities to morphologic evidence of myocardial infarction was evaluated in 20 autopsied patients. Comparisons were made between independent two-dimensional echocardiographic readings of left ventricular segmental wall motion and morphologic evidence of myocardial injury. Of 15 infarcts, 14 were detected by regional akinesis, dyskinesis or hypokinesis. The relationship between abnormal segmental wall motion and morphologic evidence of myocardial necrosis or fibrosis was significant. Seventy-nine of 88 (90%) of infarcted segments showed abnormal wall motion, although 38 of 82 (46%) of morphologically normal segments also demonstrated wall motion abnormalities. Fifty-eight of 65 segments that showed regional akinesis or dyskinesis were transmurally infarcted. Twenty-five of 38 pathologically normal segments seen by two-dimensional echocardiography as akinetic or dyskinetic were adjacent to scar. Hypokinesis was nonspecific (31 segments normal, 21 subendocardial infarction). Normal wall motion excluded transmural infarction (0 of 46 segments), but in one patient was associated with subendocardial injury (nine/42 segments). We assessed circumferential extent of regional akinesis or dyskinesis in blind fashion with a light-pen system, expressed as a percentage of end-diastolic circumference, and compared this with the corresponding cross section of the left ventricle examined pathologically. By linear regression, extent of two-dimensional echocardiographic akinesis or dyskinesis and extent of left ventricular circumference demonstrating morphologic evidence of transmural infarction correlated well: pathologic percent circumference infarcted = 1.14 (two-dimensional echocardiographic percent circumference akinetic/dyskinetic) −14.48; r = 0.90. Wall motion abnormalities therefore overestimated the amount of myocardial circumference infarcted, possibly because of the proximity of morphologically normal segments to scar or because segments adjacent to the lesions were reversibly ischemic. The results suggest that two-dimensional echocardiographic evidence of regional wall motion abnormality is sensitive in detecting and localizing segmental pathologic myocardial lesions, but overestimates their extent.