Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Echoes of the Dear Departed Past: Some Work in Progress on Nostalgia

This paper provides a brief preview of some work in progress on the phenomenon of nostalgia in consumer behavior. It begins by introducing some background considerations and key definitions. It then reviews an initial finding on what appears to be a nostalgia-related preference peak in musical tastes. Three limitations in this study suggest directions for further research. The resulting work in progress involves three studies designed to address various aspects of these three limitations. NOSTALGIA IS OLD The phenomenon of nostalgia is almost as old as life itself. Metaphorically, when God banished Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden, they very soon had reason to look back with longing to how nice things had been in the good old days. Since then, a wistful desire to recapture the dear departed past has haunted humankind. Many agree with M. H. Abrams (1971) that this impulse to regain Paradise to achieve a reconciliation with Lost Innocence and a reunification with the Prelapsarian Beauty of the World is the essence of romanticism. Thus, Homer's Odysseus struggles to return home, and the hero of Joyce's Ulysses repeats a comparable journey. Poets like Milton in Paradise Lost, novelists like Proust in Remembrance of Things Past, songwriters like Lennon and-McCartney in "Yesterday," and screenwriters like George Lucas in "American Graffiti" have constantly reiterated similar themes. And, as Bart Giamatti (1989) never tired of reminding us, our National Pastime replays the urge to come home at least 52 times per game, weather permitting. In sum, then, it seems fair to say that the sense of nostalgia has always inextricably infused our consciousness of the basic human condition. NOSTALGIA IS NEW Nevertheless, nostalgia has recently received renewed attention from popular journalists and marketing practitioners observing the contemporary scene in America. Many commentators feel that the role of nostalgia in modern society is increasing, perhaps because the multitudinous Baby-Boom Generation has now started to reach an age at which nostalgia begins to matter in a Big Way. Thus, for example, Becky Holman recently told a columnist for the Minneapolis Star Tribune that "people are studying nostalgia today the way they studied sex in advertising three years ago" (Meyers 1990, p. 1D). We see evidence of this nostalgia boom everywhere we look in reruns of the old Jackie Gleason programs and the formation of the Royal Association for the Longevity and Preservation of the Honeymooners (R.A.L.P.H.); in the reassessment of Richard Nixon and a new willingness to reconsider him as something more human(e) than he seemed at the time of Viet Nam and Watergate; in the emergence of Victorian and Country-Kitchen fashion trends and the introduction of such fad-oriented magazines as Victoria, Memories, and Joe Franklin's Nostalgia; in the resurgence of 1950s Rock 'n' Roll and Member Login
A comprehensive assessment of health care utilization among homeless adults under a system of universal health insurance.

OBJECTIVES We comprehensively assessed health care utilization in a population-based sample of homeless adults and matched controls under a universal health insurance system. METHODS We assessed health care utilization by 1165 homeless single men and women and adults in families and their age- and gender-matched low-income controls in Toronto, Ontario, from 2005 to 2009, using repeated-measures general linear models to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Homeless participants had mean rates of 9.1 ambulatory care encounters (maximum = 141.1), 2.0 emergency department (ED) encounters (maximum = 104.9), 0.2 medical-surgical hospitalizations (maximum = 14.9), and 0.1 psychiatric hospitalizations per person-year (maximum = 4.8). Rate ratios for homeless participants compared with matched controls were 1.76 (95% CI = 1.58, 1.96) for ambulatory care encounters, 8.48 (95% CI = 6.72, 10.70) for ED encounters, 4.22 (95% CI = 2.99, 5.94) for medical-surgical hospitalizations, and 9.27 (95% CI = 4.42, 19.43) for psychiatric hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS In a universal health insurance system, homeless people had substantially higher rates of ED and hospital use than general population controls; these rates were largely driven by a subset of homeless persons with extremely high-intensity usage of health services.
Characteristics of Collaboration in the Emerging Practice of Open Data Analysis

The democratization of data science and open government data initiatives are inspiring groups from civic hackers to data journalists to use data to address social issues. The analysis of open government data is expected to encourage citizens to participate in government as well as to improve transparency and efficiency in government processes. Through interviews and survey responses we gathered information on forty projects that involved the analysis of open data. We found that collaborations were interdisciplinary, small in scale, with low turnover, and synchronous communication. Most of the projects asked exploratory questions and made use of descriptive statistics and visualizations. We discuss how these findings contribute to an understanding of the emerging practice of open data analysis and to a broader understanding of open collaboration.
Effects of Prescription Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs on Symptoms and Disease Progression Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

The effect of short‐term and long‐term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on structural change is equivocal. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent to which short‐ and long‐term use of prescription NSAIDs relieve symptoms and delay structural progression among patients with radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.
Monte Carlo simulation of chemistry following radiolysis with TOPAS-nBio

Simulation of water radiolysis and the subsequent chemistry provides important information on the effect of ionizing radiation on biological material. The Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit has added chemical processes via the Geant4-DNA project. The TOPAS tool simplifies the modeling of complex radiotherapy applications with Geant4 without requiring advanced computational skills, extending the pool of users. Thus, a new extension to TOPAS, TOPAS-nBio, is under development to facilitate the configuration of track-structure simulations as well as water radiolysis simulations with Geant4-DNA for radiobiological studies. In this work, radiolysis simulations were implemented in TOPAS-nBio. Users may now easily add chemical species and their reactions, and set parameters including branching ratios, dissociation schemes, diffusion coefficients, and reaction rates. In addition, parameters for the chemical stage were re-evaluated and updated from those used by default in Geant4-DNA to improve the accuracy of chemical yields. Simulation results of time-dependent and LET-dependent primary yields Gx (chemical species per 100 eV deposited) produced at neutral pH and 25 °C by short track-segments of charged particles were compared to published measurements. The LET range was 0.05–230 keV µm−1. The calculated Gx values for electrons satisfied the material balance equation within 0.3%, similar for protons albeit with long calculation time. A smaller geometry was used to speed up proton and alpha simulations, with an acceptable difference in the balance equation of 1.3%. Available experimental data of time-dependent G-values for agreed with simulated results within 7% ± 8% over the entire time range; for over the full time range within 3% ± 4%; for H2O2 from 49% ± 7% at earliest stages and 3% ± 12% at saturation. For the LET-dependent Gx, the mean ratios to the experimental data were 1.11 ± 0.98, 1.21 ± 1.11, 1.05 ± 0.52, 1.23 ± 0.59 and 1.49 ± 0.63 (1 standard deviation) for , , H2, H2O2 and , respectively. In conclusion, radiolysis and subsequent chemistry with Geant4-DNA has been successfully incorporated in TOPAS-nBio. Results are in reasonable agreement with published measured and simulated data.
The Role of Hippocampal GluR1 and GluR2 Receptors in Manic-Like Behavior

The cellular basis underlying the complex clinical symptomatology of bipolar disorder and the mechanisms underlying the actions of its effective treatments have not yet been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of hippocampal synaptic AMPA receptors. We found that chronic administration of the antimanic agents lithium and valproate (VPA) reduced synaptic AMPA receptor GluR1/2 in hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo. Electrophysiological studies confirmed that the AMPA/NMDA ratio was reduced in CA1 regions of hippocampal slices from lithium-treated animals. Reduction in GluR1 phosphorylation at its cAMP-dependent protein kinase A site by the synthetic peptide TAT-S845, which mimics the effects of lithium or VPA, was sufficient to attenuate surface and synaptic GluR1/2 levels in hippocampal neurons in vitro and in vivo. Intrahippocampal infusion studies with the AMPA-specific inhibitor GYKI 52466 [4-(8-methyl-9H-1,3-dioxolo[4,5-h][2,3]benzodiazepin-5-yl)-benzenamine hydrochloride], a GluR1-specific TAT-S845 peptide, showed that GluR1/2 was essential for the development of manic/hedonic-like behaviors such as amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. These studies provide novel insights into the role of hippocampal GluR1/2 receptors in mediating facets of the manic syndrome and offer avenues for the development of novel therapeutics for these disorders.
Cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotic medications in patients with Alzheimer's disease: outcomes from CATIE-AD.

OBJECTIVE The impact of the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease is unclear. The authors assessed the effects of time and treatment on neuropsychological functioning during the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness-Alzheimer's Disease study (CATIE-AD). METHOD CATIE-AD included 421 outpatients with Alzheimer's disease and psychosis or agitated/aggressive behavior who were randomly assigned to receive masked, flexible-dose olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or placebo. Based on their clinicians' judgment, patients could discontinue the originally assigned medication and receive another randomly assigned medication. Patients were followed for 36 weeks, and cognitive assessments were obtained at baseline and at 12, 24, and 36 weeks. Outcomes were compared for 357 patients for whom data were available for at least one cognitive measure at baseline and one follow-up assessment that took place after they had been on their prescribed medication or placebo for at least 2 weeks. RESULTS Overall, patients showed steady, significant declines over time in most cognitive areas, including in scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; -2.4 points over 36 weeks) and the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (-4.4 points). Cognitive function declined more in patients receiving antipsychotics than in those given placebo on multiple cognitive measures, including the MMSE, the cognitive subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and a cognitive summary score summarizing change on 18 cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS In CATIE-AD, atypical antipsychotics were associated with worsening cognitive function at a magnitude consistent with 1 year's deterioration compared with placebo. Further cognitive impairment is an additional risk of treatment with atypical antipsychotics that should be considered when treating patients with Alzheimer's disease.
A Systematic Review of Neoadjuvant Therapy Compared to the "Resection First" Approach for Patients with Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Background: Survival for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma continues to be poor. Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma that is deemed borderline resectable have imaging that shows disease involvement of the portal vein and/or superior mesenteric vein that is amenable to reconstruction or abutment (≤180 degrees) of the superior mesenteric artery. The best initial treatment for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma has yet to be determined. Proponents of neoadjuvant therapy purport its utility for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma with the intention of increasing the likelihood of a microscopically negative (R0) margin, but the consequences of this approach are not established. This study was undertaken to systematically review the outcomes for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma to compare neoadjuvant therapy to a “resection first” approach. Methods: A MEDLINE/PubMed search was undertaken to find all studies regarding patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results: A total of 112 studies were found regarding borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Fourteen studies contained cohorts of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma who received neoadjuvant therapy (n = 471 patients) or a resection-first approach (n = 76 patients). Resection after neoadjuvant therapy was undertaken for 233 (49%) patients. Neoadjuvant therapy followed by an R0 resection occurred for 42% of patients. For patients who underwent resection first, 71% (54/76) had an R0 margin. Conclusion: Patients with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were more often found to undergo neoadjuvant therapy than a “resection first” approach in the available literature. Although neoadjuvant therapy portends a high rate of R0 resections, less than half of the patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy for borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma undergo resection. Patients who undergo “resection first” for borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma have an increased chance for a resection and an R0 margin compared to patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy for borderline pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Negative Impact of IFN-γ on Early Host Immune Responses to Retroviral Infection

The immune system is tasked with defending against a myriad of microbial infections, and its response to a given infectious microbe may be strongly influenced by coinfection with another microbe. It was shown that infection of mice with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) impairs early adaptive immune responses to Friend virus (FV) coinfection. To investigate the mechanism of this impairment, we examined LDV-induced innate immune responses and found LDV-specific induction of IFN-α and IFN-γ. LDV-induced IFN-α had little effect on FV infection or immune responses, but unexpectedly, LDV-induced IFN-γ production dampened Th1 adaptive immune responses and enhanced FV infection. Two distinct effects were identified. First, LDV-induced IFN-γ signaling indirectly modulated FV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Second, intrinsic IFN-γ signaling in B cells promoted polyclonal B cell activation and enhanced early FV infection, despite promotion of germinal center formation and neutralizing Ab production. Results from this model reveal that IFN-γ production can have detrimental effects on early adaptive immune responses and virus control.
H3 Stalk-Based Chimeric Hemagglutinin Influenza Virus Constructs Protect Mice from H7N9 Challenge

ABSTRACT The recent outbreak of H7N9 influenza virus infections in humans in China has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of this strain. Here, we test the efficacy of H3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin universal influenza virus vaccine constructs to protect against H7N9 challenge in mice. Chimeric hemagglutinin constructs protected from viral challenge in the context of different administration routes as well as with a generic oil-in-water adjuvant similar to formulations licensed for use in humans.
Structural MR Imaging in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Dementia: Current Imaging Approach and Future Perspectives

With the rise of aging population, clinical concern and research attention has shifted towards neuroimaging of dementia. The advent of 3T, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has permitted the anatomical imaging of neurodegenerative disease, specifically dementia, with improved resolution. Furthermore, more powerful techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and magnetic transfer imaging have successfully emerged for the detection of micro-structural abnormalities. In the present review article, we provide a brief overview of Alzheimer's disease and explore recent neuroimaging developments in the field of dementia with an emphasis on structural MR imaging in order to propose a simple and easily applicable systematic approach to the imaging diagnosis of dementia.
A Low Molecular Weight Agonist Signals by Binding to the Transmembrane Domain of Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) and Luteinizing Hormone/Chorionic Gonadotropin Receptor (LHCGR)*

Many cognate low molecular weight (LMW) agonists bind to seven transmembrane-spanning receptors within their transmembrane helices (TMHs). The thienopyrimidine org41841 was identified previously as an agonist for the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and suggested to bind within its TMHs because it did not compete for LH binding to the LHCGR ectodomain. Because of its high homology with LHCGR, we predicted that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) might be activated by org41841 also. We show that org41841 is a partial agonist for TSHR but with lower potency than for LHCGR. Analysis of three-dimensional molecular models of TSHR and LHCGR predicted a binding pocket for org41841 in common clefts between TMHs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 and extracellular loop 2 in both receptors. Evidence for this binding pocket was obtained in signaling studies with chimeric receptors that exhibited improved responses to org41841. Furthermore, a key receptor-ligand interaction between the highly conserved negatively charged E3.37 and the amino group of org41841 predicted by docking of the ligand into the three-dimensional TSHR model was experimentally confirmed. These findings provide the first evidence that, in contrast to the ectodomain binding of cognate ligands, a LMW agonist can bind to and activate glycoprotein hormone receptors via interaction with their transmembrane domain.
Blowing in the wind: a study for Granger causality between managerial strategy and organizational performance

ABSTRACT Mixed findings on the impact of strategy on performance suggest that it is necessary to investigate the causal relationship between strategy and performance. We theorize that past negative performance may motivate public managers to be defenders, which will enable them to focus on core tasks. Using Texas school district data, we explore the reverse causality between strategy and performance through Granger causality test. Our findings suggest that poorly performing public organizations are more likely to be defenders, though past strategy does not significantly influence performance. The findings contribute to the literature by demonstrating that the strategy–performance link may run in reverse direction.
Type I IFN Induces Binding of STAT1 to Bcl6: Divergent Roles of STAT Family Transcription Factors in the T Follicular Helper Cell Genetic Program

CD4+ T follicular helper cells (TFH) are critical for the formation and function of B cell responses to infection or immunization, but also play an important role in autoimmunity. The factors that contribute to the differentiation of this helper cell subset are incompletely understood, although several cytokines including IL-6, IL-21, and IL-12 can promote TFH cell formation. Yet, none of these factors, nor their downstream cognate STATs, have emerged as nonredundant, essential drivers of TFH cells. This suggests a model in which multiple factors can contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of TFH cells. Because type I IFNs are often generated in immune responses, we set out to investigate whether these factors are relevant to TFH cell differentiation. Type I IFNs promote Th1 responses, thus one possibility was these factors antagonized TFH-expressed genes. However, we show that type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) induced B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) expression, the master regulator transcription factor for TFH cells, and CXCR5 and programmed cell death-1 (encoded by Pdcd1), key surface molecules expressed by TFH cells. In contrast, type I IFNs failed to induce IL-21, the signature cytokine for TFH cells. The induction of Bcl6 was regulated directly by STAT1, which bound to the Bcl6, Cxcr5, and Pdcd1 loci. These data suggest that type I IFNs (IFN-α/β) and STAT1 can contribute to some features of TFH cells but are inadequate in inducing complete programming of this subset.
Changes in guinea fowl fertility and hatching traits over a 4-month laying season with long-term egg storage conditions

This study was conducted to determine the effect of age on different reproductive traits of guinea fowl. A total of 350 female and 150 male guinea fowl were reared in a semi-intensive system. The birds were naturally mated, and eggs were collected for incubation in 6 batches beginning at 40 weeks. A total of 8,123 eggs were incubated between 40-52 weeks of age. The incubation period was 28 days. As a result of this study, the overall mean egg weight was 39.98 g, and the mean keet weight was 25.00 g. The mean fertility rate was 58.46%, the hatching rate was 80.53%, and the incubation yield was 47.01%. Fertility, hatching rate and incubation yield varied significantly by age (P<0.01). Evaluation of embryonic mortalities in unhatched eggs showed that late-period embryonic mortality increased with age (P<0.01). The overall rate of injured and dead keets per hatch basket was 1.93%, with a significantly higher rate (4.44%) in the eggs collected between 50-52 weeks. (P<0.01).
Generation and characterization of a paclitaxel-resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line

The main aim of this study was to establish a novel paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant human gastric carcinoma cell line and to investigate its biological significance. A cell line, MGC803/PTX, was established by gradually increasing PTX density on the basis of MGC803 over a period of 10 months. In addition, a pair of resistant cell lines (SW620 and SW620/PTX) were added to further explain the resistant mechanism of PTX. The drug resistance index and stability of MGC803/PTX cells were detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 method. The morphological features were observed using inverted microscopy. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. The distribution of the cell cycle was determined by FCM, and protein expressions of P-gp, Bcl-2, Bax, and PARP were detected by western blot analysis. When characterizing the resistance in vitro, we found that MGC803/PTX cells were 10.3-fold more resistant to PTX compared with MGC803 cells. In addition, MGC803/PTX cells showed cross-resistance to 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin. FCM and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining indicated that MGC803/PTX cells had a significantly lower percentage of apoptotic cells after treatment with PTX compared with MGC803 cells. Other differences between parental cells and resistant cells included morphology, proliferation rate, doubling time, cell cycle distribution, and colony-formation rate. Western blot analysis indicated that P-gp, Bcl-2, and PARP protein were more abundant in MGC803/PTX and SW620/PTX cells compared with MGC803 and SW620 cells, whereas Bax protein levels were lower in resistant cells. Furthermore, MGC803/PTX cells showed obvious resistance to PTX in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the establishment of a PTX-resistant MGC803 cell line, which is an important tool to explore the resistance of anticancer drugs and to overcome tumor drug resistance.