Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Solution for Mobile Environment Using Mobile Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has been the most prevalent technology in the past few years and many prominent enterprises have prompted their cloud systems, preparing for the coming age of cloud computing. We can predict that the mobile area will take on a boom with the advent of this new concept. While due to the inherent characteristics of mobile environment, challenges like mobility, heterogeneity and low band-width will hinder the advancement of this incorporation. In this paper we will introduce a new concept and an abstraction derived from mobile agent-Universal Mobile Service Cell to shield the unequivalence of heterogeneous distributed systems between mobile devices and the cloud. Then scheduling the cell plays a key role in the mobile cloud computing. Here we adopt the Genetic Algorithm to meet this challenge. This paper is aimed at proposing a whole solution from the architecture to the algorithm.
I Mobility Support Using Bloom Filter in Content Oriented Networks

Content oriented networks have been proposed as a new network architecture that does not rely on IP addresses, and these networks, content queries are routed based on the content name itself instead of a destination address. However, one problem that occurs with content oriented networks is the increased memory usage. This is because a huge amount of content exists in the network, and an entry is created in the routing table for each content item. One technique to address this problem is a routing scheme using Bloom filters, which are data structures capable of compressing data. However, this technique cannot cope with content that is moved or deleted. To solve this problem, we propose a method that can cope with moved or deleted content by using two Bloom filters. Simulations we conducted to evaluate the proposed scheme indicated the method was more effective than conventional schemes.
Characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced in wistar rats following four different diets

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased worldwide in parallel with overnutrition characterized by high-fat and high-carbohydrate intake. Our objective was to establish, in 16 weeks, a model of NAFLD in Wistar pathogen-free rats following four dietary types. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty (6 weeks old) healthy Wistar male rats, weighing an average of 150 g were randomly divided into four groups of ten and assigned a diet with the same quantity (15 g/rat/day), but with different composition. The moderate-fat (MF) group was fed a moderate-fat diet (31.5% fat and 50% carbohydrates), the high-fat (HF) group was fed a fat-rich diet (51% fat), the high-sucrose (HS) group and the high-fructose (HFr) group were fed a carbohydrate-rich diet (61%). The carbohydrate contents of the HS group was composed of 60.3% sucrose while that of the HFr group was composed of 59.3% fructose. RESULTS At week 16, the HF group had the highest percentage of cells enriched in fat (40%) and the highest weight and liver weight (P < 0.05). The HFr group showed significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin at week 16 as compared to week 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 15 g/rat/day diet composed of 51% fat or 61% carbohydrates enriched mainly in fructose may induce characteristics of NAFLD in rats.
Tikhonov Regularization and Randomized GSVD

The generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) is one of the essential tools in numerical linear algebra. This paper proposes a regularization method, combining Tikhonov regularization in general form with the truncated GSVD. Then the randomized algorithms are adopted to implement the truncation process. This randomized GSVD for the regularization of the large-scale ill-posed problems can achieve good accuracy with less computational time and memory requirement than the classical regularization methods. Finally, we present the error analyses for the randomized algorithms. Some illustrative numerical examples are provided.
Collocational Properties in Probabilistic Classifiers for Discourse Categorization

Properties can be mapped to features in a machine learning algorithm in different ways, potentially yielding different results. In previous work, we experimented with various approaches to organizing collocational properties into features in a probabilistic classifier. It was found that one type of organization in particular, which is rarely used in NLP, allows one to take advantage of infrequent but high quality properties for an abstract discourse interpretation task. Based on an analysis of the experimental results, this paper suggests criteria for recognizing beneficial ways to include collocational information in probabilistic classifiers.
Platelet–CD40 ligand interaction with melanoma cell and monocyte CD40 enhances cellular procoagulant activity

Platelet–tumor cell interactions are believed to be important in tumor metastasis. Tumor cell tissue factor (TF) expression enhances metastasis and angiogenesis, and is primarily responsible for tumor-induced thrombin generation and the formation of tumor cell–platelet aggregates. Activated platelets express and release CD40 ligand (CD40L), which induces endothelial TF expression by ligation to CD40. We investigated the effect of platelet-derived CD40L on the TF activity of human CD40-positive melanoma cells and monocytes by incubating supernatants from activated or resting platelets with tumor cells or monocytes, and by bringing resting or activated platelets into close apposition with tumor cell monolayers. CD40L was present on the surface of activated (but not resting) platelets and was also released following platelet activation. Both recombinant soluble CD40L (rsCD40L) and activated platelet supernatants increased procoagulant activity (PCA) and TF antigen in tumor cells and monocytes. The increase in TF activity induced by both rsCD40L and activated platelet supernatants was inhibited by anti-CD40L antibody. Furthermore, contact of activated platelets with tumor cells increased cellular PCA, and this effect was also inhibited by anti-CD40L. In malignancy, the increase in cellular TF activity via CD40 (tumor cell)–CD40L (platelet) interaction may possibly enhance intravascular coagulation and hematogenous metastasis.
How complex are random graphs in first order logic?

It is not hard to write a first order formula which is true for a given graph G but is false for any graph not isomorphic to G. The smallest number D(G) of nested quantifiers in such a formula can serve as a measure for the “first order complexity” of G. Here, this parameter is studied for random graphs. We determine it asymptotically when the edge probability p is constant; in fact, D(G) is of order log n then. For very sparse graphs its magnitude is Θ(n). On the other hand, for certain (carefully chosen) values of p the parameter D(G) can drop down to the very slow growing function log* n, the inverse of the TOWER‐function. The general picture, however, is still a mystery. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 2005
Perceptions of the Peer Group and Friendship in Early Adolescence

Perceptions of peer relationships were assessed in a sample of 335 boys and girls followed longitudinally from sixth through eighth grade. Semiannual interviews provided data on perceptions of the school peer group and individual friendships. As anticipated, the clique, or friendship group was found to be an important feature of the peer group, and both the importance attributed to cliques and positive attitudes towards cliques increased over time. Boys and girls considered the same qualities to be important for success in the peer group, although the relative importance attributed to these qualities differed by sex. Daily friendship interactions were found to take up a substantial portion of the adolescents' free time. Some aspects of intimacy were reported in same-sex friendships, particularly among girls. In most cases, however, this closeness did not replace closeness to parents. Intimacy in cross-sex friendships was rarely reported, but interest in the other sex and heterosocial interaction increased over the period studied.
Detecting Race Conditions in One-Sided Communication of MPI Programs

While one-sided communication introduced in MPI-2 is convenient to access remote memory, it is easier for programmers to make serious errors such as race conditions. Although there are several tools for detecting race conditions in MPI programs, these tools do not provide any mechanism to detect race conditions occurring in one-sided communication. In this paper, we present a technique to detect race conditions caused by unsafe accesses of one-sided operations. Our technique creates a mirror window whenever a process creates a window memory for one-sided communication, and uses it to monitor and detect race conditions. Whenever any one-sided operation accesses a window memory, the corresponding mirror window will be marked and checked to see if the window memory is unsafely accessed by any concurrent operation. In our experiment, we evaluate our technique using two public benchmark programs, and the results show that our technique can precisely detect race conditions. Therefore our technique is effective to detect race conditions in MPI programs and helpful to develop reliable parallel programs.
Effects of Oxygen on Anoxic Biodegradation of Benzoate during Continuous Culture

In this study, various amounts of oxygen were added to denitrifying chemostats receiving benzoate to mimic the input of oxygen to anoxic zones of biological nutrient removal systems. The effect of oxygen on the biodegradative capability of the mixed‐microbial culture for benzoate was investigated. The anoxic benzoate biodegradative capability of the culture was not significantly changed as the mass flowrate of oxygen was increased to 40% of the input benzoate chemical oxygen demand (COD) mass flowrate, but was decreased approximately 70% when the mass flowrate of oxygen was increased to 70% of the input benzoate COD mass flowrate. The decrease in the anoxic benzoate biodegradative capability was due primarily to the loss of the denitrifying enzymes (measured by the anoxic pyruvate‐degrading ability) and not to the loss of the key anoxic catabolic enzyme (benzoyl‐coenzyme A reductase). The proportional increase in the concentration of nitrate as the residual terminal electron acceptor and the lack of synthesis of aerobic ring‐cleavage enzymes as the oxygen input to the chemostat was increased suggest that the mixed microbial culture preferred oxygen to nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor, but degraded benzoate using the anoxic metabolic pathway. The concentration of the mixed microbial culture increased as the oxygen input to the chemostat was increased, suggesting that the oxygen was used by cytochrome cbb3 rather than quinol oxidase because the energetic yield of cytochrome cbb3 is higher than that of quinol oxidase or the nitrogen oxide reductases.
Dual Prosecutions: A Model for Concurrent Federal Jurisdiction

Examination of the federal government's policy on dual prosecutions has important implications for the debate over the federalization of crime. In response to concerns about the increasing federalization of crime, commentators frequently propose principles to restrict federal criminal jurisdiction. The U.S. Department of Justice's Petite Policy attends to similar concerns in one narrow context by establishing a strong presumption against federal reprosecution of a defendant already prosecuted by a state for the same conduct. The workings of the policy demonstrate that the problems that critics of federalization seek to solve with legislative restrictions can be solved at the level of prosecution policy. This approach, in contrast to legislative restrictions, ensures the possibility of a federal prosecution in exceptional cases that uncontroversially warrant federal involvement to vindicate important national interests. That insight points the way to a model of the role of the federal government in criminal law areas generally regulated by the states.
Modeling variability and irreproducibility of nanoelectronic resistive switches for circuit simulation

This paper presents a device model for nanoelectronic resistive switches which are based on the electrochemical metallization effect (ECM). The focus is set on modeling variability as well as irreproducibility which are essential properties of scaled nanoelectronic devices. In particular, a Poisson-based random ion deposition model and a non-linear filament surface effect are described. The model is especially useful for circuit simulation and can be implemented on standard circuit simulation platforms such as Spice or Spectre using inbuilt standard elements. Based on this model, effects of variability were examined by Monte Carlo simulation for a particular hybrid CMOS/nanoelectronic circuit. The results show that the proposed model is able to cover significant scaling effects, which is necessary for prospective design space exploration and circuit optimization.
Colouring the Near-Infrared

Current digital camera sensors are inherently sensitive to the near-infrared part of the spectrum. To prevent the near-IR contamination of images, an IR blocking filter (hot mirror) is placed in front of the sensor. In this work, we start by replacing the camera's hot mirror by a piece of clear glass, thus making the camera sensitive to both visible and near-IR light. Using a pair of lens-mounted filters, we explore the differences in operating the camera to take visible and near-IR images of a given scene. Our aim is to enhance the visible images using near-IR information. To do so, we first discuss the physical causes of differences between visible and near-IR natural images, and remark that these causes are not correlated with a particular colour, but with atmospheric conditions and surface characteristics. We then investigate image enhancement by considering the near-IR channel as either colour, luminance, or frequency counterpart to the visible image and conclude that using information from two different colour encodings, depending on the image content, produces vivid, contrasted images that are pleasing to the observers.
Laparoscopic optical biopsies: In vivo robotized mosaicing with probe-based confocal endomicroscopy

Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is a promising technology for performing minimally-invasive optical biopsies. With the help of mosaicing algorithms, several studies reported successful results in endoluminal surgery. In this paper, we present a prototype for making robotized optical biopsies on a variety of organs inside the abdominal cavity. We chose a macro-micro association, with a macropositioner, a micropositioner and a passive mechanical compensation of physiological motion. The probe is actuated by three hydraulic micro-balloons and can be moved on the surface of an organ to generate a mosaic. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a first in vivo trial on a porcine model.
Colon cancer information as a source of exercise motivation

Using a Protective Motivation Theory (PMT) framework, this study examined whether colon cancer is a meaningful source of exercise motivation. Participants were (N = 173) teaching and school staff randomly assigned into one of three treatment conditions: PMT present, PMT absent (attention control) and no information (non-contact control). Two separate DVD videos were developed (one incorporating the four major components of PMT; perceived vulnerability (PV), perceived severity (PS), response efficacy (RE) and self-efficacy (SE) featured colon cancer and exercise information while the other DVDs featured cancer and nutritional information). Following treatment, participants completed questionnaires which assessed their beliefs towards colon cancer and exercise as well as their intentions to do more exercise. Two weeks later (T1), self-reported measures of exercise behaviour were assessed and then repeated at 1 month (T2). Only physically inactive participants were used in subsequent analyses (n = 72). Results indicated that compared to the two control groups, the PMT present group scored significantly higher on RE and intention to engage in more exercise (p-values = 0.001). A trend effect in the expected direction also was noted for T1 exercise behaviour (p = 0.09). RE, SE and PV made significant and unique contributions to exercise intention scores, explaining 44% of the response variance. Intention was the only variable to show an association with T1 exercise behaviour, explaining 10% of the response variance. Overall, these findings suggest that a single exposure of media intervention grounded in theory can influence people's beliefs, motivation and initial behaviour.
La confiance en B to B: vers une approche dynamique et intégrative

La confiance en B to B représente aujourd'hui un concept éclaté de multiples manières. Cet éclatement a engendré une pluralité très riche de recherches mais il a aussi entravé L'émergence d'une théorie cohérente. Le but de cet article est de présenter une vision synthétique, claire et critique à partir des travaux empiriques consacrés à ce concept pendant les vingt dernières années. Tout en explicitant les différentes acceptions, modélisations et mesures de ce concept, nous mettons en lumière leurs principales faiblesses. De nouvelles pistes et perspectives permettant de clarifier le statut de la confiance sont également proposées.
Factorization of permutations

We consider the problem of factoring permutations as a product of special types of transpositions, namely, those transpositions involving two positions with bounded distances. In particular, we investigate the minimum number, $\delta$, such that every permutation can be factored into no more than $\delta$ special transpositions. This study is related to sorting algorithms, Cayley graphs, and genomics.
Accelerate convolutional neural networks for binary classification via cascading cost-sensitive feature

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have delivered impressive state-of-the-art performances for many vision tasks, while the computation costs of these networks during test-time are notorious. Empirical results have discovered that CNNs have learned the redundant representations both within and across different layers. When CNNs are applied for binary classification, we investigate a method to exploit this redundancy across layers, and construct a cascade of classifiers which explicitly balances classification accuracy and hierarchical feature extraction costs. Our method cost-sensitively selects feature points across several layers from trained networks and embeds non-expensive yet discriminative features into a cascade. Experiments on binary classification demonstrate that our framework leads to drastic test-time improvements, e.g., possible 47.2x speedup for TRECVID upper body detection, 2.82x speedup for Pascal VOC2007 People detection, 3.72x for INRIA Person detection with less than 0.5% drop in accuracies of the original networks.
Dynamic Changes in Neurexins' Alternative Splicing: Role of Rho-Associated Protein Kinases and Relevance to Memory Formation

The three neurexins genes (NRXN1/2/3) encode polymorphic synaptic membrane proteins that are involved in cognitive functioning. Neurexins' selectivity of function is presumably conferred through differential use of 2 promoters and 5 alternative splicing sites (SS#1/2/3/4/5). In day-old rat brain neurons grown in culture, activation (depolarization) induces reversible, calcium dependent, repression of NRXN2α SS#3 insert. The effects of depolarization on NRXN1/2/3α splicing and biochemical pathways mediating them were further studied in these neurons. NRXN1/2/3α splicing in the course of memory formation in vivo was also explored, using fear conditioning paradigm in rats in which the animals were trained to associate an aversive stimulus (electrical shock) with a neutral context (a tone), resulting in the expression of fear responses to the neutral context. In the cultured neurons depolarization induced, beside NRXN2α SS#3, repression of SS#3 and SS#4 exons in NRXN3α but not NRXN1α. The repressions were mediated by the calcium/protein kinase C/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. Fear conditioning induced significant and transient repressions of the NRXN1/2/3α SS#4 exons in the rat hippocampus. ROCK inhibition prior to training attenuated the behavioral fear response, the NRXN1/2/3α splicing repressions and subsequent recovery and the levels of excitatory (PSD95) and inhibitory (gephyrin) synaptic proteins in the hippocampus. No such effects were observed in the prefrontal cortex. Significant correlations existed between the fear response and hippocampal NRXN3α and NRXN2α SS#4 inserts as well as PSD95 protein levels. Hippocampal NRXN1α SS#4 insert and gephyrin levels did not correlate with the behavioral response but were negatively correlated with each other. These results show for the first time dynamic, experience related changes in NRXN1/2/3α alternative splicing in the rat brain and a role for ROCK in them. Specific neurexins' transcripts may be involved in synaptic remodeling occurring at an intermediate (hours) time scale in the course of memory formation.
The T helper cell response in Lyme arthritis: differential recognition of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein A in patients with treatment-resistant or treatment-responsive Lyme arthritis

The host response to Borrelia burgdorferi is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis. Whereas most patients with Lyme arthritis can be cured with antibiotic therapy, approximately 10% of the patients have persistent arthritis for months or even several years after antibiotic treatment. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the T cell response to one or more antigens of B. burgdorferi is different in patients with treatment-responsive or treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis. For this purpose, 313 B. burgdorferi-specific T cell lines were derived from the synovial fluid or peripheral blood of four patients with treatment-responsive Lyme arthritis and five patients with treatment-resistant arthritis. 87 T cell lines from treatment- responsive Lyme arthritis and 112 lines from the treatment-resistant group were examined for the recognition of five recombinant. B. burgdorferi proteins: outer surface proteins A (OspA), B, C, p39, and p93. In both groups of patients, the T cell lines frequently recognized OspB, and only occasionally recognized OspC, p39, and p93. In contrast, OspA was preferentially recognized by T cell lines from patients with treatment-resistant arthritis, but only rarely recognized by T cell lines from patients with treatment-responsive arthritis (odds ratio 28.4, 95% confidence interval 9.2-87.8, p < 0.005). These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the T cell response to B. burgdorferi OspA is involved in the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis.