Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Learning Environment in Online Learning

Learning environment possesses an important educational role in effective learning. The importance of the learning environment is to determine about the elements that could encourage students’ intense towards their studies and could impact on students’ academic achievement. Online learning is a type of delivery approach used in distance education that allows the synchronous and asynchronous exchange of resources over a communication network. Nowadays, teaching is more about assisting students in actively creating their own knowledge by giving those assignments that help this process instead of just delivering knowledge. Choosing the suitable teaching methods which congruent with specific learner needs and desired educational outcomes is critical to effective teaching. The most important factor in choosing teaching methods is to consider whether that method will help the students meeting the intended learning outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the four types of learning environments introduced by Bransford, Brown, and Cocking for online learning, including learner-centred, community-centred, assessment-centred and knowledge-centred for the purpose of facilitating effective learning among diploma level students. The study adopted a quantitative method survey utilizing Google Forms, involving 150 respondents purposely chosen from a major public university in Malaysia. The questionnaire instrument was adopted from a previous study conducted by Hassan, Majid & Hassan. There are four sections with related questions to measure the four types of learning environments under this study. Thus, the impact of this paper is that the researcher will achieve an effective learning by implementing the four types of learning environment. The result also revealed that students obtain an ideal learning environment at a public university in Malaysia.
Engaging preservice teachers in interdisciplinary collaboration and intervention in a reading clinic setting

Abstract This convergent parallel mixed-methods pilot study explored the collaboration of preservice teachers (PSTs) in a university reading clinic. PSTs from a reading course and special education course were paired and shared responsibility for tutoring one child. Tutor surveys and focus group interview transcripts were used as data sources. Topics addressed by tutors related to benefits and barriers of collaboration, including the influence of collaborative relationships on their personal growth and on the growth of their tutee, strategies for establishing relationships and trust, and the ways they perceive collaboration as practice for future teaching. This study has implications for how teacher preparation program faculty prepare teachers to work alongside colleagues of various disciplines in future school settings.
Chronic pain in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta and its relationship to appraisal, coping, and quality of life: A cross-sectional study

Chronic pain is a common experience in osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). However, there are few studies on this topic, and none of them emerge from psychology as a discipline. The purpose of this work is to describe the frequency of chronic pain and its characteristics in a large sample of adults with OI, as well as its relationship with clinical, sociodemographic, psychological, and quality of life variables. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 418 adults with OI who answered a battery of online questionnaires. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, pain parameters, participants’ appraisal of pain, coping strategies, interference in daily activities, and health-related quality of life were evaluated. A descriptive and correlational analysis was performed. Up to 83% of the sample reported experiencing pain frequently. Both the frequency and intensity of pain were related to the accumulation of fractures over the years (P < .05), but were independent of other variables like the severity of the pathology or the use of bisphosphonates. Higher threat appraisal of pain was associated with an increase in perceived pain intensity and its interference with daily activities, as well as a decrease in physical and mental health (P < .001). Chronic pain frequent condition in adults with OI, regardless of the severity of the pathology. It interferes with their usual activities and has an impact on their quality of life. The way in which participants appraise their pain also have an influence on its intensity and its consequences. Interventions aimed at training strategies for managing appraisals about pain could potentially improve adaptation to chronic pain.
Entropic and information inequality for nonlinearly transformed two-qubit X-states

The entropic and information inequalities for two-qubit X-states transformed by the nonlinear channels are given in explicit form. The subadditivity condition and non-negativity of the von Neumann quantum information are studied for both the initial X-state and the state after the action of the nonlinear channel. The partial case of the Werner state is considered in detail. We show that the von Neumann information increases due to the action of the nonlinear channel. We generalize the results obtained for the Werner state given in our earlier article (J. Russ. Laser Res., 35 (2014) 362) to the case of a X-state of a two-qubit system. We study the influence of a nonlinear channel acting on the X-state of a two-qubit system onto the von Neumann mutual information.
ALMA HCN and HCO+ J=3-2 observations of optical Seyfert and luminous infrared galaxies -- Confirmation of elevated HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratios in AGNs --

We present the results of our ALMA observations of three AGN-dominated nuclei in optical Seyfert 1 galaxies (NGC 7469, I Zw 1, and IC 4329 A) and eleven luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) with various levels of infrared estimated energetic contributions by AGNs at the HCN and HCO+ J=3-2 emission lines. The HCN and HCO+ J=3-2 emission lines are clearly detected at the main nuclei of all sources, except for IC 4329 A. The vibrationally excited (v2=1f) HCN J=3-2 and HCO+ J=3-2 emission lines are simultaneously covered, and HCN v2=1f J=3-2 emission line signatures are seen in the main nuclei of two LIRGs, IRAS 12112+0305 and IRAS 22491-1808, neither of which show clear buried AGN signatures in the infrared. If the vibrational excitation is dominated by infrared radiative pumping, through the absorption of infrared 14 um photons, primarily originating from AGN-heated hot dust emission, then these two LIRGs may contain infrared-elusive, but (sub)millimeter-detectable, extremely deeply buried AGNs. These vibrationally excited emission lines are not detected in the three AGN-dominated optical Seyfert 1 nuclei. However, the observed HCN v2=1f to v=0 flux ratios in these optical Seyferts are still consistent with the intrinsic flux ratios in LIRGs with detectable HCN v2=1f emission lines. The observed HCN-to-HCO+ J=3-2 flux ratios tend to be higher in galactic nuclei with luminous AGN signatures compared with starburst-dominated regions, as previously seen at J=1-0 and J=4-3.
Electronic origin of the incommensurate modulation in the structure of phosphorus IV

An incommensurate modulated structure was found recently in a light group V element phosphorous in the phase P-IV stable in the pressure range 107 – 137 GPa. We consider configurations of the Brillouin zone and Fermi sphere within a nearly-free-electron model in order to analyze the importance of these configurations for the crystal structure energy. For the phase P-IV with the base-centered orthorhombic structure, oC2, we consider a commensurate approximant with an 11- fold supercell along the c-axis and a modulation wave vector equal 3/11 which is close to the experimentally observed value of 0.267. Atomic shifts due to the modulation result in appearance of satellite reflections and hence in a formation of additional Brillouin zone planes. The stability of this structure is attributed to the lowering of the electronic band structure energy due to Brillouin zone – Fermi surface interactions.
The relation between optical beam propagation in free space and in strongly nonlocal nonlinear media

The relation between optical beam propagation in strongly nonlocal nonlinear (SNN) media and propagation in free space is demonstrated using the technique of variable transformation. The governing equation, integral and analytical solutions, and propagation properties in free space can be directly transferred to their counterparts in SNN media through a one-to-one correspondence. The one-to-one correspondence together with the Huygens-Fresnel integral yields an efficient numerical method to describe SNN propagation. The existence conditions and possible structures of solitons and breathers in SNN media are described in a unified manner by comparing propagation properties in SNN media with those in free space. The results can be employed in other contexts in which the governing equation for the evolution of waves is equivalent to that in SNN media, such as for quadratic graded-index media, or for harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates in the noninteracting limit.
Dynamics and variability of transcriptomic dysregulation in congenital myotonic dystrophy during pediatric development

Abstract Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multi-systemic disorder caused by expansion of CTG microsatellite repeats within DMPK. The most severe form, congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM), has symptom onset at birth due to large intergenerational repeat expansions. Despite a common mutation, CDM individuals present with a distinct clinical phenotype and absence of common DM1 symptoms. Given the clinical divergence, it is unknown if the hallmark of DM1 pathology, dysregulation of alternative splicing (AS) due to sequestration of MBNL proteins within toxic CUG repeat RNAs, contributes to disease throughout pediatric development. To evaluate global transcriptomic dysregulation, RNA-seq was performed on 36 CDM skeletal muscle biopsies ages 2 weeks to 16 years, including two longitudinal samples. Fifty DM1 and adult/pediatric controls were also sequenced as comparative groups. Despite a large CTG expansion and shared age of onset, CDM individuals presented with a heterogenous, MBNL-dependent mis-splicing signature. Estimation of intracellular MBNL concentrations from splicing responses of select events correlated with total spliceopathy and revealed a distinct, triphasic pattern of AS dysregulation across pediatric development. CDM infants (< 2 years) possess severe mis-splicing that significantly improves in early childhood (2–8 years) independent of sex or CTG repeat load. Adolescent individuals (8–16 years) stratified into two populations with a full range of global splicing dysregulation. DMPK expression changes correlated with alterations in splicing severity during development. This study reveals the complex dynamics of the CDM muscle transcriptome and provides insights into new therapeutic strategies, timing of therapeutic intervention, and biomarker development.
Yatch: Leaderless, Fault Tolerant Consensus Protocol

Nowadays, with the advancement of computing power and faster internet, more and more applications are built where the machines are separated geographically apart, working together to give combined computing power faster than supercomputers and quick response time, better availability, and reliability. The machines have to coordinate to work together and provide coordination and agreement. Consensus protocols are used for coordination among geographically distant machines. The consensus protocols should be fast and simple. Protocols like Paxos, Raft, EPaxos, etc. which, solve the consensus problem in distributed systems. Generally, protocols are leader-based protocols that make them simpler, but leader machines can become the bottleneck in performance due to a single leader handling all communication. There are also leaderless protocols that solve the single leader problem but take more round trips. The number of roundtrips is an important criterion in distributed algorithms since it decides the speed and throughput of the algorithm. Distributed algorithms generally take more rounds in case of concurrent operations. This paper proposes a leaderless algorithm that takes two roundtrips in case of concurrent conflicting write operations.
On the structure of concentrated atmospheric vortices in a gradient wind regime and its motion on synoptic scales

Three-dimensional concentrated atmospheric vortices with vertical extensions throughout the whole troposphere and diameters corresponding to the sub-synoptic gradient wind regime are studied in this work. Hurricane-like vortices are representative examples for this type of atmospheric flow phenomena. Research in recent years have shown that the complex interplay between atmospheric processes acting on different time and length scales strongly affect the motion, structure and development of hurricane-like vortices. It is well known that these interacting processes arise among others from the earth rotation, the environmental flow and small scale convective systems. It is against this background that this dissertation aims to derive reduced model equations that elucidate how scale interactions influence the motion and structure of concentrated atmospheric vortices. In particular, reduced model equations are derived that describe how the mesoscale structure of the vortex itself affects the synoptic scale vortex motion and vice versa, while taking the influence of a vertically sheared environmental flow and diabatic effects due to moisture conversion processes into account. For the derivation of such reduced model equations multiple scales asymptotic analysis based on matched asymptotic expansions are used. For various reasons a better understanding of the mechanisms determining the motion and structure of atmospheric vortices is of great interest. In operational use, for instance, an accurate forecast of the vortex trajectory is needed to avoid potential disasters caused by a landfalling storm systems. The reduced model equations derived in this work can be used to design hurricane track models that might contribute to improvements of hurricane track forecasts.
Soft Wearable Robots: Development Status and Technical Challenges

In recent years, more and more research has begun to focus on the flexible and lightweight design of wearable robots. During this process, many novel concepts and achievements have been continuously made and shown to the public, while new problems have emerged at the same time, which need to be solved. In this paper, we give an overview of the development status of soft wearable robots for human movement assistance. On the basis of a clear definition, we perform a system classification according to the target assisted joint and attempt to describe the overall prototype design level in related fields. Additionally, it is necessary to sort out the latest research progress of key technologies such as structure, actuation, control and evaluation, thereby analyzing the design ideas and basic characteristics of them. Finally, we discuss the possible application fields, and propose the main challenges of this valuable research direction.
AIBot: A Novel Botnet Capable of Performing Distributed Artificial Intelligence Computing

As an infrastructure platform for launching large-scale cyber attacks, botnets are one of the biggest threats to cyberspace security today. With the development of network technology and changes in the network environment, network attack intelligence has become a trend, and botnet designers are also committed to developing more destructive intelligent botnets. The feasibility of implementing distributed intelligent computing based on botnet node resources is analyzed with regard to the aspects of program size, communication traffic and resource occupancy. AIBot, a botnet model that can perform intelligent computation in a distributed manner, is proposed from the attacker’s perspective, which hierarchically deploys distributed neural network models in the botnet, thereby organizing nodes to collaboratively perform intelligent computation tasks. AIBot enables the distributed execution of intelligent computing tasks on a cluster of bot nodes by decomposing the computational load of a deep neural network model. A general algorithm for the distributed deployment of neural networks in AIBot is proposed, and the overall operational framework for AIBot is given. Two classical neural network models, CNN and RNN, are used as examples to illustrate specific schemes for deploying and running distributed intelligent computing in AIBot. Experimental scenarios were constructed to experimentally validate and briefly evaluate the performance of the two AIBot attack modes, and the overall efficiency of AIBot was evaluated in terms of execution time. This paper studies new forms of botnet attack techniques from a predictive perspective, aiming to increase defenders’ understanding of potential botnet threats, in order to propose effective defense strategies and improve the botnet defense system.
Vertical distribution of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond formed by ion implantation and annealing

Etching experiments were performed that reveal the vertical distribution of optically active nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond created in close proximity to a surface through ion implantation and annealing. The NV distribution depends strongly on the native nitrogen concentration, and spectral measurements of the neutral and negatively-charged NV peaks give evidence for electron depletion effects in lower-nitrogen material. The results are important for potential quantum information and magnetometer devices where NV centers must be created in close proximity to a surface for coupling to optical structures.
Phylogenomics and classification of Notropis and related shiners (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) and the utility of exon capture on lower taxonomic groups

North American minnows of the Shiner Clade, within the family Leuciscidae, represent one of the most taxonomically complex clades of the order Cypriniformes due to the large number of taxa coupled with conserved morphologies. Species within this clade were moved between genera and subgenera until the community decided to lump many of the unclassified taxa with similar morphologies into one genus, Notropis, which has held up to 325 species. Despite phylogentic studies that began to re-elevate some genera merged into Notropis, such as Cyprinella, Luxilus, Lythrurus, and Pteronotropis, the large genus Notropis remained as a taxonomic repository for many shiners of uncertain placement. Recent molecular advances in sequencing technologies have provided the opportunity to re-examine the Shiner Clade using phylogenomic markers. Using a fish probe kit, we sequenced 90 specimens in 87 species representing 16 genera included in the Shiner Clade, with a resulting dataset of 1,004 loci and 286,455 base pairs. Despite the large dataset, only 32,349 bp (11.29%) were phylogenetically informative. In our maximum likelihood tree, 78% of nodes are 100% bootstrap supported demonstrating the utility of the phylogenomic markers at lower taxonomic levels. Unsurprisingly, species within Notropis as well as Hudsonius, Luxilus, and Alburnops are not resolved as monophyletic groups. Cyprinella is monophyletic if Cyprinella callistia is excluded, and Pteronotropis is monophyletic if it includes Hudsonius cummingsae. Taxonomic changes we propose are: restriction of species included in Alburnops and Notropis, elevation of the subgenus Hydrophlox, expansion of species included in Miniellus, movement of Hudsonius cummingsae to Pteronotropis, and resurrection of the genera Coccotis and Paranotropis. We additionally had two specimens of three species, Notropis atherinoides, Ericymba amplamala, and Pimephales vigilax and found signficant differences between the localities (1,086, 1,424, and 845 nucleotides respectively).
JND4135, a New Type II TRK Inhibitor, Overcomes TRK xDFG and Other Mutation Resistance In Vitro and In Vivo

The tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKs) have been validated as effective targets in anticancer drug discovery. Two first-generation TRK inhibitors have been approved into market and displayed an encouraging therapeutic response in cancer patients harboring TRK fusion proteins. However, acquired resistance mediated by secondary TRK mutations especially in the xDFG motif remains an unsolved challenge in the clinic. Herein, we report the preclinical pharmacological results of JND4135, a new type II pan-TRK inhibitor, in overcoming TRK mutant resistance, including the xDFG mutations in vitro and in vivo. At a low nanomolar level, JND4135 displays a strong activity against wild-type TRKA/B/C and secondary mutations involving xDFG motif substitutions in kinase assays and cellular models; occupies the TRK proteins for an extended time; and has a slower dissociation rate than other TRK inhibitors. Moreover, by intraperitoneal injection, JND4135 exhibits tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 81.0% at a dose of 40 mg/kg in BaF3-CD74-TRKA-G667C mice xenograft model. Therefore, JND4135 can be considered as a lead compound for drug discovery overcoming the resistance of TRK inhibitor drugs mediated by xDFG mutations.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LEAF LITTER INSECT FAUNA IN DIFFERENT PLANTS COVERS - SERRA DO ITAJAÍ NATIONAL PARK

Insects stand out for their diversity, representativeness, ecological importance, and sensitivity to environmental changes that are affected by anthropogenic changes in natural ecosystems. This study aimed to characterize the leaf litter insect fauna in four different areas that included two native forests and two pastures in Serra do Itajaí National Park. Data were collected from August 2014 to August 2015 from pitfall trap installations. The abundance, richness, diversity, family composition, and functional groups were analyzed. In total, 16,062 individuals were collected that were distributed across 16 orders and 101 families. Abundance, family richness, and diversity were similar among the areas. However, the composition differed, demonstrating that the environments possessed different insect fauna communities based on the composition of families. The Coleoptera order with the Ptiliidae family was more abundant in the native forest, while the Hemiptera (Cercopidae and Cicadellidae) were more abundant in the pasture area. The composition of fungivores and phytophagous fungi differed significantly among the areas. The number of exclusive families and their composition demonstrated a leaf litter insect fauna that was adapted to the environmental conditions and resources available within each environment
The Vector Meson Mass in Chiral Effective Field Theory

A brief overview of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as a non-Abelian gauge field theory, including symmetries and formalism of interest, will precede a focused discussion on the use of an Effective Field Theory (EFT) as a low energy perturbative expansion technique. Regularization schemes involved in Chiral Perturbation Theory (\c{hi}PT) will be reviewed and compared with EFT. Lattices will be discussed as a useful procedure for studying large mass particles. An Effective Field Theory will be formulated, and the self energy of the \r{ho} meson for a Finite-Range Regulated (FRR) theory will be calculated. This will be performed in both full QCD and the simpler quenched approximation (QQCD). Finite-volume artefacts, due to the finite box size on the lattice, will be quantified. Currently known lattice results will be used to calculate the \r{ho} meson mass, and the possibility of unquenching will be explored. The aim of the research was to determine whether a stable unquenching procedure for the \r{ho} meson could be discovered. The results from the original research indicate that there is no such procedure because the \r{ho} mesons are unstable. Unless additional data involving lighter quark masses is available, an element of modelling is needed for successful unquenching.