Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
N ov 2 00 8 Stretch-twist dynamo torus maps and unsteady flows in compact Riemannian magnetic flux tubes

Earlier Arnold, Zeldovich, Ruzmaikin and Sokoloff [JETP (1982)] have computed the eigenvalue of a uniform stretching torus transformation which result on the first Riemann metric solution of the dynamo action problem. Recently some other attempts to obtain Riemann metrics representing dynamo action through conformal maps have been undertaken [Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007)]. Earlier, Gilbert [Proc. Roy. Soc. London A(2003)] has investigated a more realistic dynamo map solution than the one presented by Arnold et al by producing a shearing of the Arnold’s cat map, by eigenvalue problem of a dynamo operator. In this paper, the eigenvalue of the Riemann twisted torus dynamo flow metric is obtained as the ratio between the poloidal and toroidal components of the flow. This result is obtained from the Euler equation. In the twisted torus, the eigenvalue of the Riemann metric is m± = 1± √ 5 2 , which is quite close to the value obtained by Arnold. In the case the viscosity Reynolds number Re → ∞, the torus flow is unstable as one approaches the torus axis. In Arnold’s dynamo metric the eigenvalues are χ± = 3± √ 5 2 which are very close to the above value. Eigenvalues determine the growth rates of the velocity ratio between poloidal and toroidal components of the flow. The curved flow in torus follow previous work by Chen et al [Phys Fluids (2006)]. The α-effect dynamo is shown to be a second-order effect in the torus curvature and velocity flow. Loop dynamo flows and maps are also discussed.PACS numbers: 02.40. Hw:differential geometries.91. 25.Cw-dynamo theories.
REVISION OF THE NIPHARGUS STYGIUS - GROUP IN VENETIA AND TRENTINO (NORTHEASTERN ITALY), WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Niphargidae)

The first results of a revision of the species of the Niphargus stygius - group from Venetia and Trentino (caves and sources in the karstic massifs between Adige and Piave val­ leys) is presented; all the taxa were previously included in the species Niphargus stygius (Schi6dte, 1847). A detailed description is given for the following species: Niphargus costoz­ zae Schellenberg, 1935 from Berici mountains, Niphargus lessiniensis n. sp. from Lessinian Mountains, Niphargus tridentinus n. sp. from the "Altopiano dei Sette Comuni" along the Brenta valley, and Niphargus montellianus n. sp. from the isolated karstic massif of Montello. The exact taxonomic status of other populations from Lessinian Mountains (referred herein as Niphargus cf. costozzae and Niphargus cf. lessiniensis) require further analyses and will be defined in another paper. RIASSUNTO. Vengono riportati i primi risultati di una revisione del gruppo di specie di Niphargus stygius del Veneto e del Trentino, prendendo in esame grotte e sorgenti dei mas­ sicci carsici compresi tra le valli dei fiumi Adige e Piave; tutti i taxa illustrati erano sinora inclusi nella specie Niphargus stygius (Schi6dte, 1847). Una dettagliata descrizione viene for­ nita per le seguenti specie: Niphargus costozzae Schellenberg, 1935 dei Monti Berici , Niphar­ gus lessiniensis n. sp. dei Monti Lessini, Niphargus tridentinus n. sp. dell'Altopiano dei Sette Comuni lungo la valle del Brenta, e Niphargus montellianus n. sp. del massieco earsico iso­ lato del Montello. Lo status tassonomico di altre popolazioni dei Monti Lessini e dell' Altopia­ no dei Sette Comuni (riferite nel presente lavoro a Niphargus ef. costozzae e Niphargus cf. lessiniensis) richiede ulteriori indagini per essere precisato e verra trattato in un successivo lavoro. Parole chiave: Crustacea, Amphipoda, Niphargus gruppo stygius, ltalia settentrionale
3 2 2 Se p 20 05 Bosonic p-brane and A – D – M decomposition

A master action for the bosonic p-brane, interpolating between the Nambu–Goto and Polyakov formalisms, is discussed. The fundamental arbitrariness of extended structures (p-brane) embeded in space time manifold has been exploited to build an independent metric in the brane world volume. The cosmological term for the generic case follows naturally in the scheme. The dynamics of the structure leads to a natural emergence of the A–D–M like split of this world volume. The role of the gauge symmetries vis-à-vis reparametrization symmetries is analyzed by a constrained Hamiltonian approach. PAC codes: 11.15. -q, 11.25. -w
PSR J2021+3651: A Young Radio Pulsar Coincident with an Unidentified EGRET γ-Ray Source

We report on a deep search for radio pulsations toward five unidentified ASCA X-ray sources coincident with EGRET γ-ray sources. This search has led to the discovery of a young and energetic pulsar using data obtained with the new Wideband Arecibo Pulsar Processor. PSR J2021+3651 is likely associated with the X-ray source AX J2021.1+3651, which in turn is likely associated with the COS B high-energy γ-ray source 2CG 075+00, also known as GeV J2020+3658 or 3EG J2021+3716. PSR J2021+3651 has a rotation period of P ~ 104 ms and ~ 9.6 × 10-14, implying a characteristic age of τc ~ 17 kyr and a spin-down luminosity of ~ 3.4 ×1036 ergs s-1. The dispersion measure DM ~ 371 pc cm-3 is by far the highest of any observed pulsar in the Galactic longitude range 55° < l < 80°. This DM suggests a distance d ≳ 10 kpc and a high γ-ray efficiency of ~15%, but the true distance may be closer if there is a significant contribution to the DM from excess gas in the Cygnus region. The implied luminosity of the associated X-ray source suggests the X-ray emission is dominated by a pulsar wind nebula unresolved by ASCA.
Global Trends of Sea Ice: Small-Scale Roughness and Refractive Index

Abstract Sea ice is one of the most important parameters in the global climate system, specifically the exchange of energy and momentum between the ocean and the atmosphere. In previous studies, a steady decline in Arctic sea ice has been observed over recent decades. The aim of this study is to estimate and analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the averaged sea ice extent, surface roughness, and refractive index from March 2003 to September 2009. A unique inversion algorithm is used for deriving the surface roughness and refractive index from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) daily observations. Surface roughness significantly affects the microwave emission of the sea ice/snow surface. The sea ice, snow, and water show the dielectric contrast in the microwave frequencies. Consequently, the averaged roughness as well as the sea ice extent shows a downward trend, while the averaged refractive index shows the opposite signature. The increased trend of t.
A methane-driven microbial food web in a rice field soil.

Biological methane oxidation in wetland soils is a key process in the methane cycle, preventing large amounts of this greenhouse gas from escaping into the atmosphere. While methanotrophs are only a group of bacteria capable to oxidise and assimilate methane-C under aerobic conditions, the fate of assimilated methanotrophic biomass is largely unknown. We conducted a microcosm experiment, in which a thin layer of rice field soil was incubated under opposing gradients of oxygen and 13 C-labelled methane. 13 C-enriched “heavy” RNA could be affiliated not only to methanotrophs, but also to protozoan grazers including amoebae, ciliates, and flagellates, demonstrating a microbial food web driven by methane. The impact of protozoan grazing on methanotrophs was studied by another microcosm experiment, in which natural assemblages of bacterial community including methanotrophs retrieved from a rice field soil were reinoculated to sterilised soils with or without protozoan isolates. Microarray analysis of pmoA gene showed that a group of type I methanotrophs became dramatically prominent when protozoa were absent. Protozoa isolated from the soil demonstrated selective grazing on type I methanotrophs. A series of our studies demonstrates that protozoan grazing with selectivity may have a crucial impact on the methanotrophic community in a wetland rice field soil.
The Interferometric Fresnel Zone

We present a way to implement the virtual source (VS) method in a real scenario where a summation over all the available sources in the dataset may not be the optimal solution. Because the main contributions to the interferometric data construction come from sources at stationary locations, a target-oriented source selection could reduce artefacts improving the SNR. The requirements for a correct virtual-source gather construction in a constant velocity medium are summarized. A quantitative explanation of these qualitative considerations is given by the aim of the Fresnel zone concept. The stationary zone for VTI media is obtained both in case of zero and non-zero virtual offset (distance between VS and receiver) redatuming. The advantages of a partial summation just over the Fresnel zone are discussed by using an elastic 2D finite difference synthetic data example.
Italian and Alpine three‐dimensional crustal structure imaged by ambient‐noise surface‐wave dispersion

We derive the 3‐D crustal structure (S wave velocity) underneath Italy and the Alpine region, expanding and exploiting the database of ambient noise Rayleigh‐wave phase‐ and group‐velocity of Verbeke et al. (2012). We first complement the database of Verbeke et al. (2012) with a dense set of new ambient‐noise‐based phase‐velocity observations. We next conduct a suite of linear least squares inversion of both phase‐ and group‐velocity data, resulting in 2‐D maps of Rayleigh‐wave phase and group velocity at periods between 5 and 37 s. At relatively short periods, these maps clearly reflect the surface geology of the region, e.g., low velocity zones at the Po Plain; at longer periods, deeper structures such as Moho topography under Alps and Apennines, and lower‐crust anomalies are revealed. Our phase‐ and group‐velocity models are next inverted via the Neighbourhood Algorithm to determine a set of one‐dimensional shear‐velocity models (one per phase/group‐velocity pixel), resulting in a new three‐dimensional model of shear velocity (vS) parameterized in the same way as the European reference crustal model EPcrust. We also show how well vS is constrained by phase and group dispersion curves. The model shows the low velocity area beneath the Po Plain and the Molasse basin; the contrast between the low‐velocity crust of the Adriatic domain and the high‐velocity crust of the Tyrrhenian domain is clearly seen, as well as an almost uniform crystalline crust beneath the Alpine belt. Our results are discussed from the geological/geodynamical standpoint, and compared to those of other, interdisciplinary studies.
Hydroclimatology of flash flooding in Atlanta

The objective of this study is to characterize the climatology of extreme rainfall and flash flooding in Atlanta, Georgia using high‐resolution land surface, rainfall, and discharge datasets. We examine nine urban watersheds in the Atlanta area that range in size from 3.7 to 225 km2 and exhibit a range of urban development and land‐use characteristics. We develop a high‐resolution 15 min, 1 km2 radar rainfall data set for the 2002–2010 period using the Hydro‐NEXRAD system with volume scan reflectivity observations from the Atlanta WSR‐88D radar and rainfall observations from a dense network of 72 U.S. Geological Survey rain gauges. Bias‐corrected radar rainfall fields accurately capture the spatial and temporal structure of heavy rainfall. There is enhancement of heavy rainfall within and east of the urban core, and a rainfall minimum north and northwest of the city. There has been an increase in variability of annual flood peaks in Atlanta since the 1960s associated with urban impacts on runoff production. Flood response is dependent on a combination of basin size, drainage network structure, spatial distribution of land use, and basin storage in urban soils and storm water detention ponds. Future studies of urban rainfall modification in Atlanta and elsewhere should consider the influence of regional topography and other geographic features on the storm environment.
The influence of absolute thermal inversion on the relative humidity in the lower troposphere

Increasing temperature values in altitude, as a deviation from normal law, generates stability of air masses. The most typical situations occur outside the Carpathian chain. In particular cases, when the maximum barometric prevail on large European territories, absolute thermal inversions occur, which are characterized by large thickness, intensity, duration and amplitude. These types of thermal inversions block water vapour at lower levels and produce changes in atmospheric moisture regime by forming mists and low stratiform clouds. Geostatistical analysis of this climatic risk phenomena for aeronautical activity was carried out by processing temperature and moisture database from 7 aerological stations and analysis of synoptic maps. The results revealed a strong connection between the two meteorological phenomena, with the highest frequency in winter.
The Time Term Approach to Refraction Seismology

Summary> In all seismic refraction surveys, the problem is to determine the constants in a system of equations of the type tij= ai+ bj+Δij/v where ai and bjare “time terms” which are characteristic of the shot-point and seismograph station respectively, Δij is the distance between the shot point and the seismograph, tijis the time of propagation of a refracted wave and v is the velocity of propagation of seismic waves in an underlying marker layer. It is shown that the equations can be solved for interpenetrating networks of shot-points and seismographs provided that certain general conditions are satisfied. Factors which determine the uncertainties of the final solution are discussed, and methods of correcting for the effects of steeply dipping boundaries are included.
Using of Laser Scanning and Dense Stereo Matching for 3D Documentation and Virtual Reconstruction of the Ancient Sama Monastery/ Jordan

Sama Monastery is one of the best preserved architecture built in the third century AD at Jordan’s eastern desert. Before the twentieth century, the roofing materials of Monastery, even most of the arch stones, were carried off for the construction of bridges and ferries above the valleys and water channels in the region. Documenting the Monastery which remains in scientific and precise ways is an important goal in order to protect and preserve this important part of the cultural heritage of Jordan. In this study, laser scanner and digital photogrammetry have been used for this purpose. In spite of the potential of each single approach, the integration aims at supporting the visual quality as well as the geometric accuracy of the collected textured 3D models. The purpose of such visual information will serve as a tool for the identification of the nature, extent and severity of the
Scrubland birds at the Indian Town Trail archaeological site, Barbuda

ABSTRACT The scrubland bird fauna was studied at 18 sites within a 0.5 km 2 area in northern Barbuda in January 2007, using fixed radius point counts with bird sound playbacks. Fourteen species were recorded, all permanent residents, including the endemic Barbuda Warbler Dendroica subita . The most common species were the Caribbean Elaenia Elaenia martinica , Bananaquit Coeroba flaveola , Lesser Antillean Bullfinch Loxigilla noctis and Antillean Crested Hummingbird Orthorhynchus cristatus . Other common birds included the Barbuda Warbler, Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina , Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia , Black-faced Grassquit Tiaris bicolor , Green-throated Carib Eulampis holosericeus and Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus minor . The number of species and records (individuals) per site are similar to those recorded on Eleuthera (The Bahamas) but the total number of species is much lower on Barbuda. INTRODUCTON Barbuda is one of the Leeward islands of the Lesser Antilles on the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea. The island is a small (15 x 8 km) uplifted coral reef and the landscape is flat. Most of Barbuda is covered with xeric scrubland but mangroves fringe coastal and inland wetlands. The avifauna of Barbuda has not been described in any detail, and apparently no estimates of the species composition or density of land birds have been published. The CUNY archaeological expedition to Barbuda in January 2007 created an opportunity to study the birds of the scrubland habitat because one of the excavation sites (The Indian Town Trail site) was situated there. The present study is an attempt to describe the bird community of the scrublands of the northern part of Barbuda. METHODS The study area was at the Indian Town Trail archaeological site. The study plots were distributed within an approximate area of 0.5 km
Evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams

The present study proposes a method for evaluating the effectiveness of road‐crossing drainage culverts in ephemeral streams. This approach is focused on estimating the culvert capacity in road–stream crossings and the probable runoff generated on the road from hydrological thresholds associated with hydromorphological criteria. In particular, discharges at bankfull and flood‐prone stages have been used in combination with 2.5 and 100‐year peak discharges. Different hydraulic variables have been considered for calculating the discharge through culverts under these conditions (e.g. tailwater and headwater depth, inlet control, pipe roughness, pipe cross‐area and slope, pipe outlet velocity, critical water depth, and flow rate over the road). Geomorphological factors such as bed stability, bed load transport, and channel roughness have also been considered because of their potential for obstructing the drains in this type of channel. In addition, a potential obstruction index (PIOBSTR) has been calculated, as a dependent parameter of the obstacle index (IOBST) and the potential build‐up of coarse sediments (PBCS). The study has been carried out on the Mediterranean coast in the region of Murcia (Spain), where there are numerous examples of road–stream crossings equipped with culverts in ephemeral channels that could cause highly dangerous situations for road traffic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined inclusive diffractive cross sections measured with forward proton spectrometers in deep inelastic ep scattering at HERA

A combination of the inclusive diffractive cross section measurements made by the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations at HERA is presented. The analysis uses samples of diffractive deep inelastic ep scattering data at a centre-of-mass energy √ s = 318 GeV where leading protons are detected by dedicated spectrometers. Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account, resulting in an
CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY THROUGH PARKS CANADA'S VOLUNTEER PROGRAMME

This paper outlines how conservation volunteer programmes contribute to biodiversity protection and conservation in Canada’s national parks. An inventory of some of these volunteer programmes is summarized and specific examples of volunteer conservation activities are provided through a case study of Kejimkujik National Park’s volunteer programme. Observations from these conservation volunteer initiatives are combined with findings reported in scholarly literature to highlight factors that contribute to successful conservation volunteer programmes. Key outcomes arising from Parks Canada’s conservation volunteer programmes include: support of biodiversity conservation, enhanced visitor experience, broadened support for national parks, and the introduction of new ideas and skills by volunteers. Many volunteers participating in these programmes are tourists; the final section of this paper highlights which CBD Aichi Targets these volunteers are assisting Parks Canada to meet.
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation of the York River

Abstract Submerged aquatic vegetation or SAV are important components of shallow water areas of the York River estuary. The plants that comprise these communities are distributed in shallow water areas (<2m) along the estuary from polyhaline to freshwater areas according to their individual salinity tolerances. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is the only true seagrass and is found only in the lower York River where salinities average above 20 psu. It is a cool water species that decreases in abundance in the summer due to high water temperatures. SAV in this region have declined precipitously from historical abundances due to excessive levels of turbidity and nutrients. Infection of a marine slime mould-like protist, Labyrinthula zosterae, also impacted this species in the 1930s, nearly decimating it from this area. Widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) co-occurs with eelgrass but can also grow in low salinity areas. Pondweeds (Potamogeton) and many other SAV species grow in both low salinity and freshwater areas. Macroalgae or “seaweeds” are currently a minor component of SAV in the York River system. Several algal genera common in the area include: Agardhiella, Ulva, Enteromorpha and Chara. While there has been a great deal learned through research and monitoring relative to SAV communities in the Chesapeake Bay, in general, and the York River, in particular, more efforts are needed to advance SAV protection and restoration to achieve the SAV restoration goals. Research efforts are needed to further understand the relationships between environmental conditions and SAV response and the interactions between of various stressors on SAV. Other areas for further research focus include investigations of the relationships between natural and restored SAV growth, survival and bed persistence and biological stresses including herbivory or secondary physical disturbance through foraging, bioturbation or other activities. One important need is to quantify the short and long term relationships between SAV decline and recovery and climatic factors such as storms, droughts, and temperature extremes that may be influenced by climate change.
Deformed Quantum Field Theory, Thermodynamics at Low and High Energies, and Gravity. I

The present work is a natural continuation of the previous paper arXiv:0911.5597. In this work, within the scope of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, a model of the high energy deformation for a particular case of Einstein's equations is developed. In the process a thermodynamic description of General Relativity is used. And the deformation is understood as an extension of a particular theory by inclusion of one or several additional parameters in such a way that the initial theory appears in the limiting transition. The possibility for the high energy deformation of Einstein's equations within the scope of both equilibrium thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics is examined
Working Paper - WP/12/06- An Alternative Business Cycle Dating Procedure for South Africa

This paper applies a Markov switching model to the South African economy to provide an alternative classification of the business cycle. Principal components analysis (PCA) is applied to 114 of the 186 variables used in the dating of the business cycle by the South African Reserve Bank. PCA establishes the co-movement in the dataset to calculate the reference turning points over the period 1982 to 2009. The large dataset broadens the information set available to date the turning points. The number of factors are chosen using a modified Bai and Ng (2002) method. The Markov switching model is also applied to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as this is a commonly used variable to date the business cycle in the literature and provides a benchmark to the factor model. Our results indicate that the factor model accurately dates the South African business cycle and compares favourably to the SARB dating.