Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health perceptions, leisure time physical activity, meal frequency and body mass index in Portuguese male adolescents

Objective: The aims of this study were (i) to investigate the association of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), meal frequency (MF), and health perception (HP) with weight status and (ii) to analyze how the aggregation of different adverse behaviours is associated with weight status in a sample of Portuguese male adolescents. Design: The sample comprised 522 boys aged 13 to17 years old from one public secondary school in the North of Portugal. Weight and height were objectively measured. Overweight and obesity were defined according to age-and sex-specific body mass index cut-points. MF, PA and HP were assessed using questionnaires. Results: 18.4% of the participants were overweight/obese (OV/OB). A logistic regression analysis showed that those who ate fewer than four meals daily were at increased risk for being OV/OB (OR: 2.26; p<0.05). Non-active participants (OR: 1.99; p≤0.05) and those with poor HP (OR: 2.61; p<0.05) were also more likely to be classified as OV/OB. The odds of being OV/OB increased as the number of aggregated risk factors increased (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that meal frequency, health perception, leisure time physical activity and behavioural aggregation of these risk factors are associated with overweight/obesity (OV/OB) in Portuguese male adolescents. However, the direction of this relation cannot be established due to the cross-sectional nature of our study, and therefore it is also possible that some of these factors could likely be consequences of OV/OB. Future studies in Portuguese adolescents are necessary to better understand the relations between weight status and other health behaviours.
Magnetic Fabric, Flow Directions, and Source Area of the Lower Miocene Peach Springs Tuff in Arizona, California, and Nevada

We have used anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) to define the flow fabric and possible source area of the Peach Springs Tuff, a widespread rhyolitic ash flow tuff in the Mojave Desert and Great Basin of California, Arizona, and Nevada. The tuff is an important stratigraphic marker from the Colorado Plateau to Barstow, California, a distance of 350 km; however, the location of its source caldera is unknown. Dated at 18.5 Ma by 40Ar/39 Ar, the tuff erupted during the early stages of Miocene extension along the lower Colorado River. The thicker accumulations (>100 m) occur at Kingman, Arizona, and in the Piute Mountains, California, on opposite sides of the Colorado River extensional corridor. Our AMS studies produced well-defined magnetic lineations in 30 of 42 sites distributed throughout the tuff. Typical ratios of the principal AMS axes are 1.01 for the magnetic lineation (kmax/kint) and 1.02 for the foliation (kint/kmin); the bulk magnetic susceptibility of the Peach Springs Tuff averages 2.0×10−3 in the SI unit system. The subhorizontal lineations, which presumably parallel the flow directions, form a pattern radiating outward from the approximate center of the outcrop area. Magnetic foliations define an imbrication that generally dips away from the distal margins and toward the center of the outcrop of the tuff. The lineation and imbrication indicate a source region near the southern tip of Nevada. Defining the best intersection of the AMS lineations required restoration of major extension, strike-slip faulting, and associated tectonic rotation in the disrupted tuff. The optimum intersection of magnetic lineations lies in the southern Black Mountains of Arizona on the eastern side of the Colorado River extensional corridor. No caldera structures are known from that area, but the area contains thick sections of the Peach Springs Tuff above a silicic volcanic center. The caldera may be buried under younger deposits in the Mohave Valley of Arizona. Tertiary granite in the Newberry Mountains may represent a deeper level of the Peach Springs Tuff vent that has been exhumed by detachment faulting.
Accessibility in Second Language Acquisition : Re-examining the Binding Parameter

This paper re-examines the controversial issues of the binding parameter in second language acquisition or anaphoric-binding, suggesting that the first language, rather than universal grammar (UG). , plays an important role in interpreting the anaphora. In reviewing findings from other related disciplines, including linguistics and first language acquisition research, it is argued that the earlier claimed evidence, which suggested that second language learners (L2) were able to access UG by resetting their binding parameter, can be explained as the result of transfer from the learners' first languages. From this "transfer" perspective, some problems regarding long-distance anaphora in earlier studies can also be resolved more convincingly. It is further suggested that more attention should be given to L2 learners prior knowledge in their first language when investigating the effect of UG in second language acquisition. Examples are cited from Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. (Contains 33 references.) (Author/NAV) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ****************
Chemical weathering of sulfide mineralization on Mars

Pathways of chemical weathering of sulfide minerals on Mars are proposed based on Viking geochemical data, SNC meteorites and remote-sensed reflectance spectra. An oxidative weathering scheme is suggested, similar to that found occurring in terrestrial pyrrhotite-pentlandite ore deposits associated with Archean komatiites. To test this weathering model, pyrrhotite and troilite were reacted in heated sulfuric acid solutions (pH 2 and 4, at either 60 or 800 C), with or without aqueous Fe(III) cations (102M) added to simulate deep-weathering reactions. Reaction products were characterized by Mbssbauer spectroscopy using computer-fitted spectra obtained at 298K and 4.2K. Results indicate that acidic groundwater on Mars induces the following oxidative reaction pathway: pyrrhotite to FeS2 (pyrite or marcasite) to nanophase FeOOH ± jarosite and lepidocrocite, leading to the production of gossaniferous materials in the martian regolith. The reactions seem to be promoted by the presence of the Fe(III) cations in solution. Dehydration of the lepidocrocite, possibly during eolian processes, along with remnant pyrrhotite, is thought to account for the martian fines magnetic fraction discovered by the Viking landers. Pyrrhotite was also found to form from oxidation of troilite in sulfuric acid solutions. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Roger G. Burns Title: Professor of Mineralogy and Geochemistry
A numerical study on the atmospheric circulation over the midlatitude North Pacific during the last glacial maximum.

Abstract The dynamics of the atmospheric circulation change over the midlatitude North Pacific under the boundary conditions during the last glacial maximum (LGM) have been studied by atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) with different ocean feedbacks. Three boundary conditions in the LGM were different from those of the present day (PD): ice sheet with elevated topography and high albedo, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and insolation. The ocean component was treated as follows: a full-circulation ocean with dynamical and thermal ocean feedback [coupled general circulation model (CGCM)]; a slab ocean only with thermal feedback used to calculate the surface heat balance [slab ocean GCM (SGCM)]; and no ocean feedback by fixing sea surface temperature (SST) with pure atmospheric dynamics (AGCM). Both CGCM and SGCM simulated a weakened Pacific high pressure system in boreal summer during the LGM compared to the PD and an intensified Aleutian low pressure system in winter. Both in summer and winter, t.
Oceanic distributions and air-sea fluxes of biogenic halocarbons in the open ocean

[1] Surface seawater and atmospheric concentrations of methyl iodide, chloroiodomethane, bromoform, dichlorobromomethane, and chlorodibromethane were measured during three open ocean cruises in the Atlantic and Southern oceans. The measurements spanned a longitudinal range of 115°, between 50°N and 65°S. The saturation anomalies and the instantaneous air-sea fluxes of the gases during one of these cruises (ANT XVIII/1) are presented and discussed. Methyl iodide and chloroiodomethane were highly supersaturated (>1000%) throughout the temperate and tropical regions, with calculated mean fluxes of 15 and 5.5 nmol m−2 d−1, respectively. The oceanic emissions of the brominated compounds were less substantial, and a significant area of the temperate Atlantic Ocean was found to be a sink for bromoform. Correlation analyses have been used to investigate possible controls on the concentrations of these gases. In particular, the relationship of CH3I with sea surface temperature and light is discussed, with the tentative conclusion that this compound may be formed abiotically.
Japanese Tourism Geography in the 2000s: Researchers, Textbooks and Academic Papers in Japan

This article attempts to examine the changes in Japanese tourism geography in the 2000s, clarifying the results of its researchers, textbooks and academic papers, and consider future visions. The most notable development in the changing demographics of the researchers is a drop in the average age. Young researchers who are mainly university students have had the chance to learn tourism geography as a first discipline at their universities. However, judging by the evidence from textbooks, tourism geography in Japan only began to be admitted as an academic discipline in this decade and a statement of definition of tourism geography is going to be more related to ‘space’ mind rather than ‘region’ mind. On the other hand, however, none of the textbooks have introduced a common theory or models of tourism space. As regards academic papers in the 2000s, peer-reviewed papers tend to be in major geographical journals in Japan, but a higher number of papers are published in bulletins. This situation may arise from the fact that tourism geography is based mostly on regional studies. Also the methodology of Japanese tourism geography is not as advanced compared with the rest of the world, and more scientific methodology is needed in the research such as statistical method, qualitative survey methods, GIS or collaborative methods with the physical sciences.
Repeat-pass interferometric performance analysis for geosynchronous circular SAR

An interferometric performance analysis for repeat-pass geosynchronous circular SAR (GEOCSAR) is presented. The analysis mainly includes the errors caused by the following sources: radar thermal noise, spatial baseline decorrelation, images’ misregistration and the atmospheric effects. For circular SAR (CSAR) imaging on the geosynchronous orbit, the altitude is very high, the atmospheric effect is severe and the high sidelobe is existed in the focused GEOCSAR signal, the characteristics of the various error sources of GEOCSAR interferometry will behave differently from the conventional interferometric SAR.
The Harding Field, Block 9/23b

Abstract The Harding Field was discovered in 1988 and lies within Block 9/23b, 320 km NE of Aberdeen, on the western flank of the Crawford Ridge. Appraisal drilling found a series of Tertiary accumulations along the Crawford Ridge, and, though most have an apparent element of stratigraphic trapping, a larger structural closure is possible. The present development comprises two heavy oil accumulations, Central and South, reservoired in massive sands of the Eocene Balder Formation. Deposited by mass flow processes, these clean and well-sorted sands have been further homogenized by post depositional remobilization and injection. There are seven horizontal producers in Central and three in South, with pressure support by water injection. Reservoir quality is exceptional, with permeability in excess of ten darcies and Pi's for the horizontal producers in excess of 1000 STB/psi. Production started in April 1996 achieving a plateau rate in excess of 90 MMSTBPD with 40% of the estimated 200 MMSTB reserves recovered in the first three years. Four smaller Tertiary satellite pools are presently under appraisal and development by extended reach drilling from the platform.
Modeling the Spread of Asian Longhorned Beetle in New York City

Abstract earliest and most heavily damaged trees (the oldest exit hole found was made in 1998). Because Jersey City trees that were classified into the same damage code were found through dissection to have been infested in different years, the backdating algorithm can at best give an interval within which each tree was likely to have been infested. This means that there is also an interval within which beetles will have first begun to emerge and possibly infest other trees (Figure 1). Uncertain Timing and the Use of Likelihood Models In most epidemiological data there is uncertainty about the timing of events, such as when a node is first infested, first contagious, and first removed or no longer contagious ( t n , c n and r n ). We incorporated such uncertainty into a likelihood model of the spread of an infestation based on a ‘distance’ matrix D and associated distance function f ( d ij ). The distance function converts an element of D into a transmission rate T ij . Our model considers the problem of fitting various models to data of an epidemic spread of an infection on a set of nodes
The Elang Oil Discovery Bridges the Gap in the Eastern Timor Sea (Timor Gap Zone of Cooperation)

Abstract The Elang-1 oil discovery in the Timor Gap Zone of Cooperation (ZOC) has established a new oil province in the eastern Timor Sea and helped bridge the exploration gap in the Northern Bonaparte Basin. The discovery well, completed in February 1994, recorded a flow of 5800 BOPD from marine sandstone of the Late Jurassic Montara beds. The oil is a light 56° API), undersaturated oil with a GOR of approximately 550 SCF/STB as measured in the discovery well. Elang-1 was the first well drilled by the ZOCA 91–12 Joint Venture and only the fifth well in the ZOC since exploration of this frontier area resumed in 1992. The Elang Prospect, initially mapped by Petroz in the late 1970s on the basis of regional seismic data, was detailed by the 1992 Walet Seismic Survey. The prospect is the main crestal culmination on the Elang Trend, a prominent structural high to the north of the Flamingo High that was established during continental breakup in the Late Jurassic. The Elang Trend is bounded to the south by a series of en-echelon normal faults and connecting relay ramps and comprises a number of separate horst and tilted fault blocks. Elang-1 was a near crestal test of the Elang Prospect and intersected a 76.5 m gross oil column below 3006.5 m RT. Good quality reservoir sandstone in six discrete bodies were intersected within the Montara beds. Core measured porosity and permeability range up to 17 percent and 2.2 Darcies within the oil column. Subsequent to the Elang discovery, the Joint Venture recorded a 402 sq km 3D survey and drilled an appraisal well, Elang-2. Elang-2 established the lateral continuity of the Montara beds reservoirs and achieved flow rates of 6080 BOPD and 7500 BOPD. Further exploration has been rewarded with discoveries at Kakatua-1 and Elang West-1 in ZOCA 91–12, Bayu-1 in ZOCA 91–13 and Laminaria-1 in AC/P8 (adjacent to the ZOC).
Differentiating flavors of the Indian Ocean Dipole using dominant modes in tropical Indian Ocean rainfall

Phase locked to austral winter and spring, canonical positive Indian Ocean Dipoles (pIODs) generally peak in spring. In recent decades, there has been an increase in unseasonable pIODs which, different from canonical pIODs, peak and decay by September. Distinguishing unseasonable pIODs from canonical pIODs is important, as conditions leading to more frequent unseasonable events are projected to persist in a warming climate. Here using superimposition of the first two seasonally evolving dominant modes of tropical Indian Ocean rainfall variability, we differentiate these types of pIODs. The first mode reflects characteristics of canonical pIODs, in which anomalies intensify with seasonal evolution. However, the second mode, with cool and dry anomalies extending from the eastern pole, reverses from winter to spring, signifying the demise of unseasonable pIODs. Processes embedded in the second mode reflect timing of propagation in equatorial Kelvin waves and their relative importance to the first mode, in generating different pIODs.
Pragmatic models for the prediction and digital mapping of soil properties in eastern Australia

To help meet the increasing need for knowledge and data on the spatial distribution of soils, readily applied multiple linear regression models were developed for key soil properties over eastern Australia. Selected covariates were used to represent the key soil-forming factors of climate (annual precipitation and maximum temperature), parent material (a lithological silica index) topography (new topo-slope and aspect indices) and biota (a modified land disturbance index). The models are presented at three depth intervals (0–10, 10–30 and 30–100 cm) and are of variable but generally moderate statistical strength, with concordance correlation coefficients in the order of 0.7 for organic carbon (OC) upper depth, pHca, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and sand, but somewhat lower (0.4–0.6) for OC lower depths, total phosphorous, clay and silt. The pragmatic models facilitate soil property predictions at individual sites using only climate and field-collected data. They were also moderately effective for deriving digital soil maps over the state of New South Wales and a regional catchment. The models and derived maps compared well in predictive ability to those derived from more sophisticated techniques involving Cubist decision trees with remotely sensed covariates. The readily understood and interpreted nature of these products means they may provide a useful introduction to the more advanced digital soil modelling and mapping techniques. The models provide useful information and broader insights into the factors controlling soil distribution in eastern Australia and beyond, including the change in a soil property with a given unit change in a covariate.
Appendix 3. Effectiveness of a range of grazing system adaptations in ameliorating the impacts of shorter growing seasons

Introduction Modelling studies of pasture growth based on projections of future climate by different global circulation models (GCMs) commonly predict shorter growing seasons in southern Australia with higher winter growth rates. We have therefore undertaken a simulation study to identify potential strategies that may be adopted by managers of sheep enterprises in order to adapt to the effects of shorter, more intense growing seasons (SIGS).
The energy costs of commuting: a spatial microsimulation approach

Commuting is a daily ritual for a large proportion of the world's population. It is important materially, consuming large amounts of time, money and natural resources. As with many routine activities travel to work is often taken for granted but its energy consumption is of particular interest due to its heavy reliance on fossil fuels and the inflexibility of the demand for commuting. This understudied area of knowledge, the energy costs of travel to work, forms the basis of the thesis. There is much research into commuting and transport energy use as separate fields, but they have rarely been combined in the same analysis, let alone at high levels of geographical resolution. The well-established field of spatial microsimulation offers tools for investigating commuting patterns in detail at local and individual levels, with major potential benefits for transport planning. For the first time this method is deployed to investigate variability in commuter energy use both between and within small administrative zones. The maps of commuter energy use presented in this thesis illustrate this variability at national, regional and local levels. Supporting previous research, the results suggest that a range of geographical factors influence energy use for travel. This has important policy implications: when high transport energy use in commuting is due to lack of jobs in the vicinity, for example, modal shift (e.g.~from cars to bicycles) on its own has a limited potential to reduce energy costs. Such insights are quantified using existing aggregate data. The main methodological contribution of this work, however, is to add individual-level factors to the analysis - creating the potential for policy makers to also assess the distributional impacts of their interventions and target specific types of commuters having high transport energy costs, rather than treat areas as homogeneous blocks. This potential is demonstrated with a case study of South Yorkshire, where commuting energy use is cross-tabulated by socio-economic variables and disaggregated over geographical space. The areas where commuting energy use is less evenly distributed across the population, for example in urban centres, are likely to benefit most from policies that target the specific groups. Areas where commuter energy use is more even, such as Stocksbridge (in Northwest Sheffield), will benefit from more universal policies. The thesis contributes to human knowledge new information about the energy costs of commuting, its variability at various levels and insight into the implications. New methods of generating and analysing individual-level data for the analysis of commuter energy use have also been developed. These are reproducible (see the GitHub repository https://github.com/Robinlovelace/thesis-reproducible for example code and data) and will be of interest to researchers and policy makers investigating the energy security, resource efficiency and potential welfare impacts of interventions in personal travel systems.
Seasonal Dating Using Fish Otoliths: Results from the Shag River Mouth Site, New Zealand

Abstract Fish otoliths of Pseudophycis bachus (red cod) have been excavated from cultural deposits at the site of Shag River Mouth in North Otago, New Zealand. We sectioned the otoliths and examined the annual and seasonal growth rings formed during the fishes' life and compared them with an extensive number of modern examples to determine the season in which they were caught in prehistory. Using this method we estimated the seasons of prehistoric occupation of specific cultural layers. Otoliths from the uppermost layer of the site (layer 2) yielded a seasonal estimate of December–February whilst the majority of those from the main layer 4 shell midden yielded a series of September–November estimates. The results confirm earlier seasonal results determined from oxygen isotope analysis of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis aoteanus). The seasonal data obtained from the prehistoric otoliths also match the seasonality of the modern fishery. Red cod are common between November and May from Banks Peninsula to Timaru. The implications of the results for prehistoric seasonality in southern New Zealand are explored.