Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of locomotor pattern diversity and ageing on the lower limb joint mechanics and loading during human walking and running

Kulmala, Juha-Pekka The effects of locomotor pattern diversity and ageing on the lower limb joint mechanics and loading during human walking and running Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2015, 77 p. (Studies in Sport, Physical Education and Health ISSN 0356-1070; 218) ISBN 978-951-39-6085-8 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-6086-5 (PDF) Many lower limb problems are increasingly seen as disorders where mechanical loading plays a central role in both the development and progression of the pathological condition. Although locomotor patterns during human walking and running demonstrate clear differences due to inter-individual variability and ageing, there is a substantial lack of research evaluating whether or not these factors expose certain musculoskeletal structures to higher than normal loading. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to examine how locomotor pattern diversity and ageing affects lower limb joint mechanics and loading across different modes and intensities of locomotion. In line with previous studies, a clear inter-individual variability in both walking and running patterns were observed. Analysis of lower limb mechanics revealed that during walking, different gait strategies can considerably affect knee joint loading in that those individuals who demonstrated either knee extensor or flexor dominant gait patterns exhibited significantly higher medial knee joint loading compared with those who walked with a typical gait pattern. When running-induced joint loading profiles were compared between different running patterns, it was found that those who run with a forefoot striking pattern exhibit lower patellofemoral stress and medial knee joint loading than those who use a rearfoot striking pattern. However, parallel increases in ankle plantarflexor and Achilles tendon loading were observed among forefoot strikers. Finally, comparison of locomotor mechanics of different age-groups showed that the age-related propulsive deficit of the ankle joint becomes more severe as locomotion changes from walking to running to sprinting. As a result, old adults demonstrated higher muscular efforts of the more proximal lower limb muscles than their younger counterparts when walking and running at the same speed. During maximal sprinting, reduced muscular output of the hip and increased hip adduction but decreased trunk lateral flexion movements were also observed in older adults compared with their younger counterparts. Altogether, the findings of this work suggest that different walking and running patterns have considerable effects on the lower limb joint loading and thus may play a role in the development of stress-related joint injury. As a result, gait modification could be advisable for some individuals to manage their joint loading and consequent symptoms. In addition, the findings regarding age-related locomotor changes indicate that ankle propulsive deficit contributes most to the locomotor decline among older adults and therefore should be targeted when designing exercise interventions for this population.
Attempted Suicide by Breaking Pre-Electroconvulsive Therapy Fasting.

CASE REPORT A 64-year-old male bipolar I patient in a severe depressive episode was referred to outpatient electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Upon admission, at 7 AM of the first day of treatment, both the patient and his wife signed a document confirming the observance of preprocedure fasting, a routine in this hospital. A few minutes later, in the ECTroom,whenqueried again about fasting by the ECT nurse, the patient disclosed having eaten a large solid meal earlier in the morning, overreaching the watchfulness of his family. He also stated that by breaking the necessary fast for ECT, he intended to commit suicide, being killed by a compromised anesthetic procedure. His first ECT treatment was then postponed.
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (PAPVR) in a Patient with Sjogren's Syndrome

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare manifestation in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) and it can occur with or without interstitial lung disease (ILD). Patients with PH and ILD who show signs of exacerbation of dyspnea are commonly assessed for pure PH aggravation, ILD progression or pulmonary infection. However, the presence of congenital cardiac anomalies, such as partial anomalous pulmonary vein return (PAPVR), can also be a cause of dyspnea exacerbation. PAPVR is a rare congenital anomaly that involves drainage of 1 to 3 pulmonary veins into the right-sided heart circulation, resulting in a partial left-to-right shunt. Here we present a case of PAPVR as the cause of PH aggravation in a patient with pSS with accompanying PH.
Monocular vision based autonomous navigation for a cost-effective MAV in GPS-denied environments

In this paper, we present a monocular vision based autonomous navigation system for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) in GPS-denied environments. The major drawback of monocular systems is that the depth scale of the scene can not be determined without prior knowledge or other sensors. To address this problem, we minimize a cost function consisting of a drift-free altitude measurement and up-to-scale position estimate obtained using the visual sensor. We evaluate the scale estimator, state estimator and controller performance by comparing with ground truth data acquired using a motion capture system. All resources including source code, tutorial documentation and system models are available online4.
Development of the Academic Stereotype Threat Inventory

Abstract The authors describe the development and preliminary validation of the Academic Stereotype Threat Inventory, a self-report measurement of math-related stereotype threat among women. A preliminary version of the instrument was administered to 3 OS undergraduate women. Principal component analysis yielded a 3-factor solution. Convergent and incremental validity were suppored.
Only One Out of Five Archived Web Pages Existed as Presented

When a user retrieves a page from a web archive, the page is marked with the acquisition datetime of the root resource, which effectively asserts "this is how the page looked at a that datetime. " However, embedded resources, such as images, are often archived at different datetimes than the main page. The presentation appears temporally coherent, but is composed from resources acquired over a wide range of datetimes. We examine the completeness and temporal coherence of composite archived resources (composite mementos) under two selection heuristics. The completeness and temporal coherence achieved using a single archive was compared to the results achieved using multiple archives. We found that at most 38.7% of composite mementos are both temporally coherent and that at most only 17.9% (roughly 1 in 5) are temporally coherent and 100% complete. Using multiple archives increases mean completeness by 3.1-4.1% but also reduces temporal coherence.
Distributed dynamic resource allocation for multicell SDMA packet access net

This paper addresses the issues of distributed dynamic resource allocation (DRA) in the downlink of a SDMA broadband wireless packet network with multiple access points and adaptive antennas. Packet access and downlink beamforming make the intercell interference hard to predict, and how to handle it in order to efficiently perform slot and power allocation is still an open issue. We propose here new DRA strategies for efficient allocation in a distributed environment, which jointly consider spatial compatibility of users and an intercell interference estimation based on a fraction of the worst case interference measurements. The latter is independent of the actual allocation. We consider a low mobility TDD system with synchronized base stations and we assume perfect channel knowledge. The algorithms which are introduced and compared are the distributed max-min fit (DMMF) and the distributed reverse fit (DRF), which are based on the max-min fit criterion, the DMMF combined with the novel concept of nulls preallocation, where each AP reserves some beamforming nulls for the most interfered users of neighboring cells, and the power shaping technique (PS-DRA for SDMA), which efficiently exploits static power preallocation on time slots. The numerical results show that our techniques are able to significantly reduce the gap between a greedy centralized strategy that fully coordinates all the access ports and the baseline case of random distributed allocation, previously proposed for packet access. However, distributed power control in a packet switched environment with downlink beamforming still remains a hard task: nevertheless, PS-DRA is an efficient solution for joint slot-power allocation
Entecavir resistance is rare in nucleoside naïve patients with hepatitis B

Comprehensive monitoring of genotypic and phenotypic antiviral resistance was performed on 673 entecavir (ETV)‐treated nucleoside naïve hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients. ETV reduced HBV DNA levels to undetectable by PCR (<300 copies/mL, <57 IU/mL) in 91% of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive and ‐negative patients by Week 96. Thirteen percent (n = 88) of the comparator lamivudine (LVD)‐treated patients experienced a virologic rebound (≥1 log increase from nadir by PCR) in the first year, with 74% of these having LVD resistance (LVDr) substitutions evident. In contrast, only 3% (n = 22) of ETV‐treated patients exhibited virologic rebound by Week 96. Three ETV rebounds were attributable to LVDr virus present at baseline, with one having a S202G ETV resistance (ETVr) substitution emerge at Week 48. None of the other rebounding patients had emerging genotypic resistance or loss of ETV susceptibility. Genotyping all additional ETV patients with PCR‐detectable HBV DNA at Weeks 48, 96, or end of dosing identified seven additional patients with LVDr substitutions, including one with simultaneous emergence of LVDr/ETVr. Generally, ETV patients with LVDr were detectable at baseline (8/10) and most subsequently achieved undetectable HBV DNA levels on ETV therapy (7/10). No other emerging substitutions identified decreased ETV susceptibility. In conclusion, ETVr emergence in ETV‐treated nucleoside naïve patients over a 2‐year period is rare, occurring in two patients with LVDr variants. These findings suggest that the rapid, sustained suppression of HBV replication, combined with a requirement for multiple substitutions, creates a high genetic barrier to ETVr in nucleoside naïve patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:1656–1665.)
Les services de soins hospitaliers publics dans l’agglomération de Sfax : spécificités fonctionnelles et pouvoir spatial

Installees dans l’agglomeration de Sfax, les structures hospitalo-universitaires exercent une attraction sur son espace peripherique. Cela se materialise par des flux de patients qui frequentent l’agglomeration pour divers services de soins specialises offerts par ces structures. A travers les niveaux de soins de la consultation et de l’hospitalisation, nous analysons les aspects du pouvoir spatial des EPS de l’agglomeration de Sfax, en mettant l’accent sur la congestion dont souffrent celles-ci ainsi que l’effet des mesures adoptees jusqu’aujourd’hui pour y remedier. Pour ce faire, nous avons recours a des donnees, relatives a l’activite hospitaliere, illustrees par des indicateurs (DMS, TRL …). Ce travail debouchera sur l’analyse de la tendance de la congestion ainsi que sur des propositions qui pourraient permettre le decongestionnement des EPS de Sfax.
Setting the stage for equity-sensitive monitoring of the maternal and child health Millennium Development Goals.

OBJECTIVE This analysis seeks to set the stage for equity-sensitive monitoring of the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). METHODS We use data from international household-level surveys (Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)) to demonstrate that establishing an equity baseline is necessary and feasible, even in low-income and data-poor countries. We assess data from six countries using 11 health indicators and six social stratifiers. Simple bivariate stratification is complemented by simultaneous stratification to expose the compound effect of multiple forms of vulnerability. FINDINGS The data reveal that inequities are complex and interactive: inferences cannot be drawn about the nature or extent of inequities in health outcomes from a single stratifier or indicator. CONCLUSION The MDGs and other development initiatives must become more comprehensive and explicit in their analysis and tracking of inequities. The design of policies to narrow health gaps must take into account country-specific inequities.
An integrative review of attention biases and their contribution to treatment for anxiety disorders

Models of exposure therapy, one of the key components of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders, suggest that attention may play an important role in the extinction of fear and anxiety. Evidence from cognitive research suggests that individual differences may play a causal role in the onset and maintenance of anxiety disorders and so it is also likely to influence treatment. We review the evidence concerning attention and treatment outcomes in anxiety disorders. The evidence reviewed here suggests that that attention biases assessed at pre-treatment might actually predict improved response to treatment, and in particular that prolonged engagement with threat as measured in tasks such as the dot probe is associated with greater reductions in anxious symptoms following treatment. We examine this research within a fear learning framework, considering the possible role of individual differences in attention in the extinction of fear during exposure. Theoretical, experimental and clinical implications are discussed, particularly with reference to the potential for attention bias modification programs in augmenting treatment, and also with reference to how existing research in this area might inform best practice for clinicians.
An electrospun scaffold loaded with anti-androgen receptor compound for accelerating wound healing

Current dermal regenerative scafolds provide wound coverage, and structural support and guidance for tissue repair, but usually lack enough bio-signals needed for speeding up skin cell growth, migration, wound closure, and skin regeneration. In this study, an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor called ASC-J9 is used to demonstrate the concept and feasibility of fabricating drug-loaded scafolds via electrospinning. Inhibition of androgen is known to promote skin wound healing. The novel ASC-J9 — loaded porous scafold was fabricated for skin wound repair using electrospun fibers of collagen and polycaprolactone (PCL) blend. Our preliminary results indicated that ASC-J9 — loaded scafolds facilitated more efficient attachment and ingrowth of dermal fbroblasts, compared to the control collagen-PCL scafold. A signifcant increase of cell proliferation was observed with the drug-loaded scafold over a 28-day period. The drug-loaded scafold also accelerated keratinocyte migration and wound closure in a contraction-inhibited mouse wound model over 21 days. The data indicated a sustained release of ASC-J9 from the scafold and its potential to accelerate wound healing by promoting cell proliferation and migration over an extended period of time. More importantly, our results proved the concept and feasibility of fabricating drug-releasing or bioactive dermal scaffolds for more efective wound healing.
Subsets of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors during Activation and Endocytosis*

Mutation of the autophosphorylation sites of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases alters ligand dependent internalization and down-regulation, indicating a critical role for these sites in receptor processing. Currently, no differences in receptor processing based on an individual autophosphorylation site have been defined. By using a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the src homology 2 domains of phospholipase C-γ1 to specifically recognize tyrosine 992 on the EGF receptor (Tyr(P)992), we have found differences in this subpopulation of receptors. Following EGF stimulation, the number of Tyr(P)992 receptors increased 2-fold over receptors identified by an antibody that recognizes activated EGF receptors (α-Act. EGFR) in A431 cells. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that Tyr(P)992 receptors underwent endocytosis at a slower rate and did not rapidly concentrate in juxtanuclear bodies. Tyr(P)992 receptors were associated with more SOS, Ras-GTPase activating protein, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and SHPTP2/syp, but less Grb2, than receptors in the general population, and these receptors were more heavily phosphorylated than the general population of active receptors. These findings suggest that autophosphorylation status is relevant to the endocytosis, degradation, and effector molecule interaction of individual EGF receptors. Further investigations based on phosphorylation status should provide new insights into how receptor protein-tyrosine kinase signaling is regulated.
A Lightweight Trust-based Access Control Model in Cloud-Assisted Wireless Body Area Networks

The integration of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) with cloud computing will enable users (including physicians and nurses) to globally access the electronic healthcare data at competitive costs. However, some new issues on data access control are associated with the integration of WBANs and cloud computing. In order to address these issues, we propose a lightweight trust-based access control model, where the users can acquire their access control privileges for the electronic healthcare data according to the user role and trust value in the trust certificates. Simulation results show that our method can better alleviate the communication overhead and energy consumption problem.
THE NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S SOCIAL CAPITAL: TRANSITIONS, CO-PRESENCE, SHARED INTERESTS, AND EMOTIONAL CONNECTIONS

This paper presents findings from a study that explored the nature of social capital and how it is developed by young people. In-depth interviews with young people in Canada, aged 16 to 19 years, explored the development of networks of social capital as well as the changing nature of these networks over time. Narratives suggest that networks of social capital change in response to changing circumstances, transitions through life stages, and changing identities. They indicate also that social capital develops in networks in which there is regular face-to-face interaction, shared interests, and shared emotional experiences.
A Bird’s-Eye View of Molecular Changes in Plant Gravitropism Using Omics Techniques

During evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to adapt to a variety of environmental stresses, including drought, high salinity, changes in carbon dioxide levels and pathogens. Central signaling hubs and pathways that are regulated in response to these stimuli have been identified. In contrast to these well studied environmental stimuli, changes in transcript, protein and metabolite levels in response to a gravitational stimulus are less well understood. Amyloplasts, localized in statocytes of the root tip, in mesophyll cells of coleoptiles and in the elongation zone of the growing internodes comprise statoliths in higher plants. Deviations of the statocytes with respect to the earthly gravity vector lead to a displacement of statoliths relative to the cell due to their inertia and thus to gravity perception. Downstream signaling events, including the conversion from the biophysical signal of sedimentation of distinct heavy mass to a biochemical signal, however, remain elusive. More recently, technical advances, including clinostats, drop towers, parabolic flights, satellites, and the International Space Station, allowed researchers to study the effect of altered gravity conditions – real and simulated micro- as well as hypergravity on plants. This allows for a unique opportunity to study plant responses to a purely anthropogenic stress for which no evolutionary program exists. Furthermore, the requirement for plants as food and oxygen sources during prolonged manned space explorations led to an increased interest in the identi-fication of genes involved in the adaptation of plants to microgravity. Transcriptomic, proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and metabolomic profiling strategies provide a sensitive high-throughput approach to identify biochemical alterations in response to changes with respect to the influence of the gravitational vector and thus the acting gravitational force on the transcript, protein and metabolite level. This review aims at summarizing recent experimental approaches and discusses major observations.
Development of a criterion for response to therapy at 6 months in multiple myeloma

Abstract: To investigate the prognostic value of therapy at 6 months on survival in multiple myeloma, to develop a new criterion assessing response to initial therapy at 6 months, and to compare it to a current criterion. The types of initial and 6‐month therapy were considered in a prognostic factor analysis in 70 patients treated in routine practice. Using the response to initial therapy defined by the clinician's decision as grouping variable in this group, a discriminant analysis identified the characteristics of responder patients. The validity of the resulting criterion was tested in another test group. Its prognostic ability was compared to the CLMTF criterion (50% M‐component reduction from baseline). The therapy at 6 months, reflecting the clinician's appraisal of response to initial therapy, predicted survival significantly. A criterion combining two variables (M‐component change and haemoglobin level at 6 months) classified 70% and 72.4% of patients correctly regarding response status in the training and test groups respectively. This criterion was shown to perform better than the CLMTF criterion in predicting survival. Conclusion: A new criterion for response to therapy at 6 months, also presented in a nomogram, combines M‐component change and haemoglobin level at 6 months.
In the Shadow of the Cedars: the Spiritual Values of Old‐Growth Forests

Last on everyone’s list of the values of old-growth forests—after goods, services, information, and cultural, recreational, and scenic values—is the sometimes vexing and usually undefined category of spiritual values. Yet oldgrowth forests hold particular value for the human spirit, the imagining and feeling part of the human mind. The challenge is to articulate, in secular terms, the sources of an ancient forest’s spiritual values and their importance to human thriving. When the presence of spiritual values may be the best reason to conserve a forest, it will not do to be silent or confused about what those values are. For well over 200 years, Americans have valued forests as a means to the accumulation of personal or corporate wealth and the satisfaction of human material needs. A sign nailed to a sturdy Douglas-fir on an interpretive trail near my town identifies those values exactly:
Role of China in the Quest to Define and Control Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

China holds the key to solving many questions crucial to global control of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The disease appears to have originated in Guangdong Province, and the causative agent, SARS coronavirus, is likely to have originated from an animal host, perhaps sold in public markets. Epidemiologic findings, integral to defining an animal-human linkage, may then be confirmed by laboratory studies; once animal host(s) are confirmed, interventions may be needed to prevent further animal-to-human transmission. Community seroprevalence studies may help determine the basis for the decline in disease incidence in Guangdong Province after February 2002. China will also be able to contribute key data about how the causative agent is transmitted and how it is evolving, as well as identifying pivotal factors influencing disease outcome. There must be support for systematically addressing these fundamental questions in China and rapidly disseminating results.