Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Refined Localization Method for Underwater Tetherless Sensor Networks

An accurate localization scheme is essential to many underwater sensor applications. However, due to the persistent existence of uncertainties and measurement errors, an accurate localization is very difficult to achieve. The communication cost is much higher in underwater networks compared to terrestrial networks and this calls for more accurate localization schemes even if they involve more computational burden. In the paper, a scheme based on minimum mean absolute error (MMAE) is introduced and extensive simulation results are presented to compare this and the commonly used minimum mean squared error (MMSE) method. Both uniform error distribution and normal error distribution are considered. Our results indicate that MMAE clearly result in better localization accuracy when compared to MMSE.
High brightness temperatures and circular polarisation in extra-galactic radio sources

Context. Some rapidly variable extra-galactic radio sources show very high brightness temperatures T B > 10 12 K and high degrees of circular polarisation (∼1%). Standard synchrotron models that assume a power-law electron distribution cannot produce such high temperatures and have much lower degrees of intrinsic circular polarisation. Aims. We examine the synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation from a monoenergetic electron distribution and discuss the constraints placed upon it by radio, optical and hard X-ray/gamma-ray observations. Methods. The standard expressions of synchrotron theory are used. Observational constraints on the source parameters are found by formulating the results as functions of the source size, Doppler boosting factor, optical depth to synchrotron self-absorption and maximum frequency of synchrotron emission, together with a parameter governing the strength of the inverse Compton radiation. Results. The model gives brightness temperatures T B ∼ 10 13 to 10 14 K for moderate 0(? 10) Doppler boosting factors together with intrinsic degrees of circular polarisation at the percent level. It predicts a spectrum I v oc v 1/3 between the radio and the infra-red as well as emission in the MeV to GeV range. If the energy density in relativistic particles is comparable to or greater than the magnetic energy density, we show that electrons do not cool within the source, enabling the GHz emission to emerge without absorption and the potentially catastrophic energy losses by inverse Compton scattering to be avoided. Magnetically dominated sources can also fulfil these requirements at the cost of a slightly lower limit on the brightness temperature. Conclusions. We suggest that sources such as PKS 1519-273, PKS 0405-385 and J 1819+3845 can be understood within this scenario without invoking high Doppler boosting factors, coherent emission mechanisms, or the dominance of proton synchrotron radiation.
Noise in Real-time 3d Graphics Noise in Real-time 3d Graphics

Noise based techniques have for a long time been one of the most important tools in the creation of virtual three-dimensional environments. For instance, virtually all computer animated movies incorporate these algorithms for a variety of applications. Despite its power and usefulness, noise has been used exclusively for offline rendering purposes. Up until the last few years the real-time oriented graphics hardware has simply not had the power to facilitate these algorithms. Current generation hardware provides new possibilities for the creation of noise based effects. This report shows how modern graphics hardware can be used to generate a variety of noise algorithms in real-time. It also shows the algorithms successfully used for different purposes. Brus i realtidsbaserad 3D-grafik
The Effect of Low versus High Approach-Motivated Positive Affect on Attentional Blink

Attentional blink reflects the limitation of attention resource over time. This is the first study to explore the effect of low versus high approach-motivated positive affect on attentional blink. We used food and humor videos to induce high approach-motivated positive affect (desire) and low approach-motivated positive affect (amusement) separately. Subjects were required to complete classic attentional blink tasks. The performance of attentional blink was indicated by the accuracy of T2 when T1 was correct. Results showed both low and high approach-motivated positive affect improved the performance attetional blink, and this effect was bigger in low approach-motivated positive affect than high. Further analysis revealed that low approach-motivated positive affect improved the accuracy of T2 when T1 was correct on lag4 and lag5, however, high approach-mo- tivated positive affect improved the accuracy of T2 when T1 was correct on lag1 and lag2, which may indicate different mechanisms of effect of low versus high approach-motivation on attention- al blink. In the end, we summarized the deficiencies of this research and proposed future direc- tions.
Soliton-Mediated electron Pairing

We study electron-electron pairing in an one-dimensional model lattice system embedded into a three-dimensional environment. The electron pair potential is lowered by a single, localized lattice deformation. Such a deformation is related to solitons moving along the lattice. Yet the exact form and the time evolution of the lattice excitation are of secondary relevance as the electron pair is stable for sufficiently wide deformations which propagate on molecular time scales, e.g. velocity of sound ≪ electron velocity. The spatial structure of the pair potential and the electron-electron wave function bring a mechanism of pairing different from the exchange of phonons between the electrons and the lattice which leads to Cooper pairs, and different also from the formation of bipolarons.
Local-Global-Learning of Naive Bayesian Classifier

Naive Bayes (NB) models are among the simplest probabilistic classifiers. However, they often perform surprisingly well in practice, even though they are based on the strong assumption that all attributes are conditionally independent given the class variable. The vast majority of research on NB models assume that the conditional probability tables in the model are either learned by maximum likelihood or Bayesian methods, even though it is well documented that learning NB models in this way may harm the expressiveness of the models. In this paper, we focus on an alternative technique for learning the conditional probability tables from data. Instead of frequency counting (which leads to maximum likelihood parameters), we propose a learning method that we call "local-global-learning". We learn the (local) conditional probability tables under the guidance of the (global) NB model learnt thus far. The conditional probabilities learned by local-global-learning are therefore geared towards maximizing the classification accuracy of the models instead of maximizing the likelihood of the training data. We show through extensive experiments that local global learning can significantly improve the classification accuracy of NB models when compared to traditional maximum likelihood learning.
ATTENTION AND mulTITASkINg

In his seminal work, The Principles of Psychology, William James (1918) famously wrote that Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought (pp. 403404). His latter sentence contains two critical observations. The rst is that attention is inherently a process of selection and loss: As knowledge about a small bit of the world is ampli- ed, information about other unattended objects is attenuated or lost. This selection process is necessi-tated by the limited capacity of our cognitive system, and the loss of information plays a key role in under-standing how failures of attention occur even for experienced, conscientious operators in safety-critical environments. The second observation is that attend-ing is the act by which we become consciously aware of events in the world that guide our behavior. Unat-tended events do not hold the same consequences for our interpretation of the world. The practical signi -cance of this is that the proper management of atten-tion is central to situation awareness in operational environments (see Endsley, 1995). James also asserted that we have an intuitive understanding of attention. To an extent this is true. If admonished to pay attention or keep alert, we generally have little trouble understanding what is meant by this or of how to comply. The assumption that attending is simply the result of the intention to attend suggests that failures of attention result from failures of motivation or a breakdown in mental discipline. However, consider the case of Christo-pher Hill, who on September 9, 2008, ran a red light while texting a neighbor. He was going 45 mph when he collided with a vehicle driven by Linda Hoyle, who was pronounced dead shortly thereafter. By all accounts, Hill was a conscientious person who took pride in his clean driving record. When asked by a policeman at the accident scene what color the light had been, Mr. Hill responded that he never saw it (Richtel, 2009). A number of similar reports high-light the problems of using cell phones and texting while driving. Yet, people continue with the prac-tice, and accidents continue to occur. Despite using a headset that leaves the hands free during the con-versation, a persons attention can still be taken away from driving. Problems with the management of attention are not con ned to driving. A review of air traf c control and ight crew errors shows a high prevalence of failures of attention (Dismukes & Nowinski, 2007; Jones & Endsley, 1996; Shorrock, 2007). We can begin to understand the origin of these failures only when we have a clearer picture of how the task that we are doing in uences the infor-mation we take in from the world and why it is that we do not attend to critical tasks when needed.In this chapter, we present a sketch of how atten-tion works within our cognitive system. By probing
Cluster of galaxies around seven radio-loud QSOs at 1

We have conducted a NIR study of the environments of seven radio-loud quasars at redshifts 1< z< 1:6. In present paper we describe deep K band images obtained for the fields of 6 6 arcmin around the quasars with 3 limiting magnitudes of K 20:5. These fields were previously studied using deep B and R band images (Sanchez & Gonzalez-Serrano 1999). Using optical and NIR data together, a significant excess of galaxies has been found whose optical-NIR colours, luminosity, spatial scale, and number of galaxies are compatible with clusters at the redshift of the quasar. We have selected a sample of cluster candidates analyzing the R K vs. K diagram. A25% of the candidates present red optical-NIR colours and an ultraviolet excess. This population has been also found in clusters around quasars at the same redshifts (Tanaka et al. 2000; Haines et al. 2001). These galaxies seem to follow a mixed evolution: a main passive evolution plus late star formation processes. The quasars do not inhabit the core of the clusters, being found in the outer regions. This result agrees with the hypothesis that the origin/feeding mechanism of the nuclear activity is merging processes. The quasars inhabit the region where a collision is most likely to produce a merger.
Activation of the TRPV1 cation channel contributes to stress‐induced astrocyte migration

Astrocytes provide metabolic, structural, and synaptic support to neurons in normal physiology and also contribute widely to pathogenic processes in response to stress or injury. Reactive astrocytes can undergo cytoskeletal reorganization and increase migration through changes in intracellular Ca2+ mediated by a variety of potential modulators. Here we tested whether migration of isolated retinal astrocytes following mechanical injury (scratch wound) involves the transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 channel (TRPV1), which contributes to Ca2+‐mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement and migration in other systems. Application of the TRPV1‐specific antagonists, capsazepine (CPZ) or 5'‐iodoresiniferatoxin (IRTX), slowed migration by as much as 44%, depending on concentration. In contrast, treatment with the TRPV1‐specific agonists, capsaicin (CAP) or resiniferatoxin (RTX) produced only a slight acceleration over a range of concentrations. Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA (1 mM) slowed astrocyte migration by 35%. Ratiometric imaging indicated that scratch wound induced a sharp 20% rise in astrocyte Ca2+ that dissipated with distance from the wound. Treatment with IRTX both slowed and dramatically reduced the scratch‐induced Ca2+ increase. Both CPZ and IRTX influenced astrocyte cytoskeletal organization, especially near the wound edge. Taken together, our results indicate that astrocyte mobilization in response to mechanical stress involves influx of extracellular Ca2+ and cytoskeletal changes in part mediated by TRPV1 activation. GLIA 2014;62:1435–1451
Comprehensive survey of V2V communication for 4G mobile and wireless technology

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANet) enables Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication where vehicles exchange data while moving at different speeds. Since Ad Hoc network does not rely on any fixed infrastructure, vehicles are organized in a well-defined dynamic topology. However, the spectrum allocated to V2V suffered from lack of capacity due to increase in number of vehicles. On the other hand, Device to Device (D2D) communication enables direct communication between users in vicinity. The main concept is that devices should be in proximity. D2D is very important in terms of network control over communication sessions and minimum involvement of the network, called offloading Evolved Node B (eNB). Offloading will help to overcome the delay and timing issues which originate problems in V2V. This paper presents a comprehensive survey about the requirements for V2V communication over 4G and beyond (5G) network and focuses on localization for the purpose of device discovery. A detailed survey of D2D communication is also included. Various protocols are studied and a detailed summary is presented for various localization techniques used in VANet. Clustering of vehicles under VANet with distance metric is also discussed. The limitations and challenges of various algorithms are also presented.
Effective Population Size and Signatures of Selection Using Bovine 50K SNP Chips in Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo)

Inferring the effective population size and the pattern of selection signatures is of interest both from an evolutionary perspective and to improve models for mapping of quantitative trait genes. We used DNA samples of 61 sires and 486 progeny of the Hanwoo, genotyped by the Illumina Bovine SNP50 BeadChip, to analyze the genetic structure. Our study showed a persistent decline in effective population size throughout the period considered, but suggested a marked decline at one distinctive time point (100th generation) and two sharp decline intervals (50th-25th generation and 25th-10th generation). This pattern can be explained by Hanwoo formation and the modern breeding program. Our results revealed 95 regions exhibiting the footprint of recent positive selection at a threshold level of 0.01. We found an overlap of the 11 core regions presenting top P-values and those that had previously been identified as harboring quantitative trait loci from other breeds. The information generated from this study can be used to better understand the mechanism of selection in Hanwoo breeding, and provide important implications for the design and application of association studies in the Hanwoo population.
Investigating Medical Diagnosis: Qualitative Results from a Virtual Patient Simulation Pilot Study

Virtual patient simulation (VPS) has begun to gather interest as a method to train and assess clinical reasoning. However, the lack of published materials illustrating how to develop patient simulation scenarios coupled with concerns over the best way to assess clinical reasoning has slowed the adoption of VPS as an education platform. To remedy these concerns, we describe the use of a model of medical diagnosis to assist with the development of a diagnosis-based VPS and test the ability of VPS to administer measures of situation awareness as an assessment of clinician reasoning during the simulation scenario. A case example of one clinician's participation in the diagnosis-based VPS suggests the model-directed VPS provides a unique opportunity to observe clinical reasoning as the interplay between information collection and the participant's report of a presumptive diagnosis extracted from measures of situation awareness. Suggestions for future directions and implications of this research are provided.
Comparison of the morphogenesis of three genotypes of pea (Pisum sativum) grown in pure stands and wheat-based intercrops

In intercropping systems, plant morphology highly determines the amount of resources captured by each component species. However, morphogenesis of cultivated species has been mainly described in mono-specific growing conditions, although plasticity can occur in multi-specific stands. This paper reports on the variability of the morphogenesis of three pea genotypes grown in pure stands and mixed with wheat. Most morphogenetic parameters of pea were dependent on the genotype. However, there was low variability of pea morphogenesis between sole and mixed stands, except for plant height and branching of the long cycle cultivar.
Long-term Impact of Group Processes on Persistence of Individuals' Voluntary Behavior

Separate effects of received and exerted interpersonal influence on individuals' persistence in voluntary behaviors were examined. Eighty male subjects, four at a time, participated in the study as their one-day paid work. Pairs of subjects observed five tourist sites from the windows of a train and evaluated them through discussion. Exerted and received influence was measured in terms of changes in preferences for these sites before and after interactions with a partner. Persistence was measured by whether and how long subjects pursued a voluntary task up to two weeks after the day of work. Results indicated that received and exerted influence, which were not significantly correlated with each other, can predict the persistence. Furthermore, combined influence (i. e., the total amount of these two types of influence) was shown to be the strongest predictive variable for persistence. Implications for strengthening persistence through group settings are discussed.
Priming with real motion biases visual cortical response to bistable apparent motion

Apparent motion quartet is an ambiguous stimulus that elicits bistable perception, with the perceived motion alternating between two orthogonal paths. In human psychophysical experiments, the probability of perceiving motion in each path is greatly enhanced by a brief exposure to real motion along that path. To examine the neural mechanism underlying this priming effect, we used voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging to measure the spatiotemporal activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice. We found that a brief real motion stimulus transiently biased the cortical response to subsequent apparent motion toward the spatiotemporal pattern representing the real motion. Furthermore, intracellular recording from V1 neurons in anesthetized mice showed a similar increase in subthreshold depolarization in the neurons representing the path of real motion. Such short-term plasticity in early visual circuits may contribute to the priming effect in bistable visual perception.
THE IMPORTANCE OF BRAND AWARENESS IN CONSUMERS’ BUYING DECISION AND PERCEIVED RISK ASSESSMENT

Brand awareness, as one of the fundamental dimensions of brand equity, is often considered to be a prerequisite of consumers’ buying decision, as it represents the main factor for including a brand in the consideration set. Brand awareness can also influence consumers’ perceived risk assessment and their confidence in the purchase decision, due to familiarity with the brand and its characteristics. On the other hand, brand awareness can be depicted into at least two facets – unaided (brand recall) and aided (brand recognition) – each of the two facets having its more or less effective influence on buying decision and perceived risk assessment. This paper tries to reveal, on one hand, the importance of unaided brand awareness when it comes to consumers’ buying decision and, on the other hand, the importance of aided brand awareness when assessing the perceived risk associated with the purchase. The analysis is conducted in a comparative manner, considering the case of durable versus non-durable products, and with focus on urban Romanian consumers.
Physical layer IEEE 802.11 channel occupancy rate estimation

With the rapid growth of wireless communication networks, we are facing the challenge of integration of diverse wireless networks such as WLAN and WWAN. Therefore, it becomes important to think at vertical handoff solution where the user can move seamlessly among various type of networks, to provide the best QoS to the higher layers applications. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the channel occupancy rate metric of an IEEE 802.11 network from the physical layer. This method can be applied for any network that use the CSMA/CA protocol. Our theorical results are validated using experimental measurements captured by RAMMUS RF Plateform.
Rhizonin A from Burkholderia sp. KCTC11096 and Its Growth Promoting Role in Lettuce Seed Germination

We isolated and identified a gibberellin-producing Burkholderia sp. KCTC 11096 from agricultural field soils. The culture filtrate of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) significantly increased the germination and growth of lettuce and Chinese cabbage seeds. The ethyl acetate extract of the PGPR culture showed significantly higher rate of lettuce seed germination and growth as compared to the distilled water treated control. The ethyl acetate fraction of the Burkholderia sp. was subjected to bioassay-guided isolation and we obtained for the first time from a Burkholderia sp. the plant growth promoting compound rhizonin A (1), which was characterized through NMR and MS techniques. Application of various concentrations of 1 significantly promoted the lettuce seed germination as compared to control.
Vergleichende Wirksamkeit von IRRT und EMDR bei kriegstraumatisierten deutschen Soldaten

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Vergleichende Wirksamkeitsuntersuchungen verschiedener traumakonfrontativer Verfahren in der stationaren Behandlung von Kriegstraumatisierten sind unzureichend beforscht. Fragestellung: In einer Untersuchung an 40 traumatisierten deutschen Bundeswehrsoldaten mit einer PTBS Diagnose wird die vergleichende Wirksamkeit von EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy) und IRRT (Imagery Rescripting and Reprocessing Therapy) als traumatherapeutische Verfahren untersucht. Ergebnis: Beide Methoden erweisen sich in ihrer Wirksamkeit auf die Veranderung der Traumabeschwerden und komorbiden Begleitsymptomatik bei der Behandlung von Kampf- und Kriegstraumatisierten als signifikant. Der Reliable Change Index (RCI) liegt fur EMDR bei 77 % und fur die IRRT-Methode bei 67 %. In der Veranderung der komorbiden Symptomatik zeigen sich hohe Effektstarken fur beide Verfahren. Diskussion: Die Anwendung beider traumaverarbeitenden Verfahren in der stationaren Behandlung von kriegstraumatisierten Veteranen wird diskutiert.