Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin M-to-Immunoglobulin G Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Antibody Switching in Cardiac Transplant Recipients Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Cellular Rejection and Coronary Artery Disease

Background— Activation of T cells induces immunoglobulin (Ig)M-to-IgG B-cell isotype switching via costimulatory regulatory pathways. Because rejection of transplanted organs is preceded by alloantigen-dependent T-cell activation, we investigated whether B-cell isotype switching could predict acute cellular rejection and the subsequent development of transplantation-related coronary artery disease (TCAD) in cardiac transplant recipients. Methods and Results— Among 267 nonsensitized heart transplant recipients, switching from IgM to IgG anti-human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antibodies directed against class II but not against class I antigens was associated with a shorter duration to high-grade rejection, defined as International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3A or higher (P<0.001), a higher cumulative rejection frequency (P=0.002), accelerated development of TCAD (P=0.04), and decreased late survival (P=0.03). Conversely, the persistence of IgM anti-HLA antibodies against class II but not against class I antigens for >30 days and the lack of IgG isotype switching were associated with protection against both acute rejection (P=0.02) and TCAD (P=0.05). Alloisotype switching coincided with T-cell activation, as evidenced by increased serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand costimulatory molecules. Finally, a case-control study showed that reduction of cardiac allograft rejection by mycophenolic acid was accompanied by reduced CD40 ligand serum levels and the prevention of IgM-to-IgG anti-HLA class II antibody switching. Conclusions— T-cell-dependent B-cell isotype switching and the consequent production of IgG anti-HLA class II antibodies are strongly correlated with acute cellular rejection, a high incidence of recurrent rejections, TCAD, and poor long-term survival. Detecting this isotype switch is a clinically useful surrogate marker for in vivo T-cell activation and may provide a noninvasive approach for monitoring the efficacy of T-cell targeted immunosuppressive therapy in heart transplant recipients.
Cautious Steps towards Hybrid Connectionist Bilingual Phrase Alignment

Alignment Stefan Wermter International Computer Science Institute 1947 Center Street Berkeley, CA 94704-1198 USA wermter@icsi.berkeley. edu Joseph Chen University of Hamburg Computer Science Department Vogt-K olln-Stra e 30 D-22527 Hamburg, Germany chen@informatik.uni-hamburg.de Abstract 1We examine phrase alignment in a hybrid connectionist framework. We describe the architecture and the learning algorithm of our approach. Simulations have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using a real-world title phrase corpus. Although the results of our approach are still at an early stage, we found that a hybrid approach to phrase alignment has the potential to provide good results using relatively little training data. While there have been a lot of statistical approaches to alignment, to the best of our knowledge this is the rst hybrid connectionist approach for phrase alignment.
Towards A Metrics Suite for Aspect-Oriented Software (ソフトウェア工学 研究報告 テーマ:学生セッションおよび一般)

ABSTRACT Although a large body of resear h in software metri s has been fo used on pro edural or obje t-oriented software, there is no software metri for aspe t-oriented software until now. In this paper, we propose some metri s for aspe t-oriented software, whi h are spe i ally designed to quantify the information ows in an aspe t-oriented program. We de ne these metri s based on a dependen e model for aspe t-oriented software whi h onsists of a group of dependen e graphs ea h an be used to expli itly represent various dependen e relations at di erent levels of an aspe t-oriented program. The proposed metri s an be used to measure the omplexity of an aspe t-oriented program from various di erent
Dietary intake and cell membrane levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest.

OBJECTIVE To assess whether the dietary intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafood, assessed both directly and indirectly through a biomarker, is associated with a reduced risk of primary cardiac arrest. DESIGN Population-based case-control study. SETTING Seattle and suburban King County, Washington. PARTICIPANTS A total of 334 case patients with primary cardiac arrest, aged 25 to 74 years, attended by paramedics during 1988 to 1994 and 493 population-based control cases and controls, matched for age and sex, randomly identified from the community. All cases and controls were free of prior clinical heart disease, major comorbidity, and use of fish oil supplements. MEASURES OF EXPOSURE: Spouses of case patients and control subjects were interviewed to quantify dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake from seafood during the prior month and other clinical characteristics. Blood specimens from 82 cases (collected in the field) and 108 controls were analyzed to determine red blood cell membrane fatty acid composition, a biomarker of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. RESULTS Compared with no dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3), an intake of 5.5 g of n-3 fatty acids per month (the mean of the third quartile and the equivalent of one fatty fish meal per week) was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of primary cardiac arrest (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 0.8), after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Compared with a red blood cell membrane n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid level of 3.3% of total fatty acids (the mean of the lowest quartile), a red blood cell n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid level of 5.0% of total fatty acids (the mean of the third quartile) was associated with a 70% reduction in the risk of primary cardiac arrest (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.6). CONCLUSION Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seafood is associated with a reduced risk of primary cardiac arrest.
THE ARECIBO LEGACY FAST ALFA SURVEY. VII. A NEUTRAL HYDROGEN CLOUD COMPLEX IN THE VIRGO CLUSTER

We present observations of an H i cloud complex most likely located in the Virgo galaxy cluster, first reported by Kent et al. The complex consists of five clouds, detected in the dataset of the ALFALFA extragalactic H i survey at Arecibo. The clouds have radial velocities between cz☉∼ 480 and 610 km s−1. At the Virgo cluster distance, they are spread over a projected span of 170 kpc and have H i masses ranging from 0.48 to 1.7 ×108 M☉. The overall H i mass of the complex is 5.1 × 108 M☉. The clouds' velocity widths vary between 50 and 250 km s−1. New results of follow-up aperture synthesis observations conducted with the Very Large Array are also presented, which yield a higher-resolution view of two of the clouds in the complex. These two resolved clouds show no evidence of symmetry in the gas distribution or of any ordered motions. The possibility that the complex is a group of primordial objects, embedded in their own dark matter halo is thought to be unlikely. Scenarios in which the clouds have been removed from the disk of a galaxy traveling at high speed through the intracluster medium are considered. The most likely among those is thought to be one where the clouds were separated from NGC 4445 at a time >0.5 Gyr ago. The orbital velocity of the clouds and the putative parent galaxy would now be seen at a relatively large angle with respect to the line of sight.
Over-parameterisation, a major obstacle to the use of artificial neural networks in hydrology?

Abstract. Recently Feed-Forward Artificial Neural Networks (FNN) have been gaining popularity for stream flow forecasting. However, despite the promising results presented in recent papers, their use is questionable. In theory, their “universal approximator‿ property guarantees that, if a sufficient number of neurons is selected, good performance of the models for interpolation purposes can be achieved. But the choice of a more complex model does not ensure a better prediction. Models with many parameters have a high capacity to fit the noise and the particularities of the calibration dataset, at the cost of diminishing their generalisation capacity. In support of the principle of model parsimony, a model selection method based on the validation performance of the models, "traditionally" used in the context of conceptual rainfall-runoff modelling, was adapted to the choice of a FFN structure. This method was applied to two different case studies: river flow prediction based on knowledge of upstream flows, and rainfall-runoff modelling. The predictive powers of the neural networks selected are compared to the results obtained with a linear model and a conceptual model (GR4j). In both case studies, the method leads to the selection of neural network structures with a limited number of neurons in the hidden layer (two or three). Moreover, the validation results of the selected FNN and of the linear model are very close. The conceptual model, specifically dedicated to rainfall-runoff modelling, appears to outperform the other two approaches. These conclusions, drawn on specific case studies using a particular evaluation method, add to the debate on the usefulness of Artificial Neural Networks in hydrology. Keywords: forecasting; stream-flow; rainfall-runoff; Artificial Neural Networks
Modeling Noisy Annotated Data with Application to Social Annotation

We propose a probabilistic topic model for analyzing and extracting content-related annotations from noisy annotated discrete data such as webpages stored using social bookmarking services. With these services, because users can attach annotations freely, some annotations do not describe the semantics of the content, thus they are noisy, i.e., not content related. The extraction of content-related annotations can be used as a prepossessing step in machine learning tasks such as text classification and image recognition, or can improve information retrieval performance. The proposed model is a generative model for content and annotations, in which the annotations are assumed to originate either from topics that generated the content or from a general distribution unrelated to the content. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by using synthetic data and real social annotation data for text and images.
Coordination and Syntactic Hierarchy

This article discusses the syntax of coordinate structures, in particular the status of initial coordinators, multiple coordination, and the asymmetries between conjuncts with respect to c-command relations. The idea of coordinators as heads hence the COP - is endorsed, but not for initial coordinators; rather they figure in a separate 'distributive phrase', which is transparently correlated to the (often ambiguous) semantics of the construction. Furthermore, it is argued that the lack of c-command between conjuncts is an instance of a broader effect, namely the 'invisibility' of paratactic material in general - and of second conjuncts in particular. Therefore, the grammar must have means to attach a paratactic constituent to the rest of the structure in a way that will eventually block c-command relations from the context. As this is not standardly available, we are led to define an operation called b-Merge, which induces a special type of inclusion relation, 'behindance'. Thus, a modern revival of the 3D approach to coordination is brought about.
Differentiated Services with Statistical QoS Guarantees in Static-Priority Scheduling Networks

In this paper, we propose and analyze a methodology for providing statistical guarantees within the diffserv model in a network, that uses static-priority schedulers. We extend the previous work on statistical delay anal ysis and develop a method that can be used to derive delay bounds without specific information on flow population. With this new method, we are able to successfully employ a utilization-based admission control approach for flow admission. This approach does not require explicit delay computation at admission time and hence is scalable to large sys tems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the area to provide statistical end-to-end guarantees with in the diffserv model in the multi-node network. We systematically analyze the performance of our approaches in terms of system utilization. As expected, our experimental data sho w that statistical services can achieve much higher utilizat ion than deterministic services. Keywords—differentiated services, statistical service, realtime application, static-priority scheduling, utilizati onbased admission control.
The integrating between web usage mining and data mining techniques

Clickstream data is one of the most important sources of information in websites usage and customers' behavior in Banks e-services. A number of web usage mining scenarios are possible depending on the available information. While simple traffic analysis based on click stream data may easily be performed to improve the e-banks services. The banks need data mining techniques to substantially improve Banks e-services activities. The relationships between data mining techniques and the Web usage mining are studied. Web structure mining, has three types these types are web usage structure, mining data streams and web content. The integration between the Web usage mining and data mining techniques are presented for processes at different stages, including the pattern discovery phases, and introduces banks cases, that have analytical mining technique. A general framework for fully integrating domain Web usage mining and data mining techniques is represented for processes at different stages. Data Mining techniques can be very helpful to the banks for better performance, acquiring new customers, fraud detection in real time, providing segment based products, and analysis of the customers purchase patterns over time.
Autoepistemic logic as a basis for automating nonmonotonic reasoning

abstract. Autoepistemic logic is employed as a basis for automating nonmonotonic reasoning. In particular, a recent variant of autoepistemic logic based on L-hierarchic expansions is put forward as an interesting uniied approach. Basic results needed for automating autoepistemic reasoning are reviewed in a general setting where autoepistemic logic is deened on top of a given classical logic. A simple nitary characterization for autoepistemic reasoning is presented and recent decidability and complexity are surveyed. Building on the nitary characterization a novel general decision method for au-toepistemic reasoning is developed. Then it is shown how default logic, circumscription, logic programs with classical negation, and truth maintenance systems can be embedded into autoepistemic logic based on L-hierarchic expansions using simple local translations. Hence, the novel decision method provides a uniied approach to automating a wide range of formalizations of nonmonotonic reasoning.
Preservation Of Privacy And Integrity In WSN With Safeg Protocol

In two-tiered wireless sensor networks, storage nodes play an intermediary role between the sensors and the sink node. These storage nodes store data and processes queries. This technique preserves power and the memory for sensor nodes, as everything is managed by storage nodes including query processing. This importance of storage nodes grabs attackers to intrude storage node in order to affect its integrity and privacy. Thus, there is a need to protect storage node and we propose a new protocol named ‘SafeG’. If storage node is protected then, the attacker cannot infer about the data present and also the queries passed by sinks. SafeG provides both privacy and integrity. SafeG encodes both the data and query and so the encoded query acts upon encoded data. SafeG relies on authentication chain to provide
Slope traversal controls for planetary exploration rover on sandy terrain

In this paper, two control approaches are presented for exploration rovers traversing sandy‐sloped terrain. One of the proposed controls is a model‐based feed‐forward control using a characteristic diagram, called a thrust‐cornering characteristic diagram. It consists of various characteristic curves of wheel forces for varied wheel slip conditions. An appropriate steering maneuver for slope traversal can be found using the diagram with slope traversal criteria. The other control is a sensor‐based feedback control. A key approach to this feedback control is to compensate for three types of slip, namely, the vehicle sideslip and longitudinal/lateral slips of a wheel. The feedback control calculates both steering and driving maneuvers that can compensate for these slips and also allow the rover to successfully traverse a sandy slope. The performances of these two control approaches are confirmed in slope traversal experiments using a four‐wheeled rover test bed. The proposed controls are verified by quantitative evaluations of distance and orientation errors. Through the experiment, it was found that the two controls have advantages and disadvantages, and the possibility of merging the model‐based control and the sensor‐based control is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A polynomial approach to structural gene dynamics modelling

Abstract A new approach for modelling the dynamics of gene expression from time series microarray data is presented. A modelling method based on a continuous representation of Boolean functions in the form of Zhegalkin Polynomials is proposed. Structural information known from theoretical biology like the canalizing property can be included as well as continuous measurements of gene expression levels. As an example, its applicability to yeast data is demonstrated. The complexity of the problem requires efficient methods and tools. The discrete set of all Canalizing Boolean models consistent with the measurements is large and grows exponentially as the connectivity degree of each gene increases. This set can be defined in terms of the Zhegalkin Polynomial coefficients. Moreover, this paper gives two theorems on structural properties of Canalizing Zhegalkin Polynomials. An algorithm based upon them shows how these results can be used for identifying Canalizing Boolean functions.
Adaptive Importance Sampling Using Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines

This abstract presents the basic idea of a new adaptive methodology for reliability assessment using probabilistic classification vector machines (PCVMs) [1], a variant of support vector machines (SVMs) [2, 3]. The proposed method is pivoted around two principal concepts definition of an explicit failure boundary and its variability using PCVMs, and importance sampling (IS) [4–6]. The proposed method puts particular emphasis on the presence of multiple design points [7–10].
A design and implementation for ultrasound practice system for fetal echocardiography

In obstetrics, ultrasonography is an essential tool to analyze and diagnose fetus. To master such tool, obstetrician's long hours of practice are needed, but, practically, there are many limitations e.g. the limited number of instruments and patients, diversity and rarity of the patients' cases. Hence, we propose our ultrasound practice system. This paper describes the design, interface and implementation supporting the characteristics of the Ultrasound Practice Systems which allows user to familiarize oneself with ultrasound imaging device. The system is composed of a 3D multi-axis movement peripheral and a software simulation system. The function and logic of each component are described. The proposed system allows user to "examine" and interact with a CGI fetus. The fetus visualization responds according to the movement of the peripheral. The system is designed systematically, so it can be modified or extended with ease. SysML is used as a main tool for designing the system. Information about dependency, size, format and data are explained. The experimental results show that the system is a cost-effective realtime and portable Ultrasound Practice System for the radiologists or physicians who need training in ultrasonography.
Rational symplectic field theory over Z2 for exact Lagrangian cobordisms

We construct a version of rational Symplectic Field Theory for pairs $(X,L)$, where $X$ is an exact symplectic manifold, where $L\subset X$ is an exact Lagrangian submanifold with components subdivided into $k$ subsets, and where both $X$ and $L$ have cylindrical ends. The theory associates to $(X,L)$ a $\Z$-graded chain complex of vector spaces over $\Z_2$, filtered with $k$ filtration levels. The corresponding $k$-level spectral sequence is invariant under deformations of $(X,L)$ and has the following property: if $(X,L)$ is obtained by joining a negative end of a pair $(X',L')$ to a positive end of a pair $(X'',L'')$, then there are natural morphisms from the spectral sequences of $(X',L')$ and of $(X'',L'')$ to the spectral sequence of $(X,L)$. As an application, we show that if $\Lambda\subset Y$ is a Legendrian submanifold of a contact manifold then the spectral sequences associated to $(Y\times\R,\Lambda_k^s\times\R)$, where $Y\times\R$ is the symplectization of $Y$ and where $\Lambda_k^s\subset Y$ is the Legendrian submanifold consisting of $s$ parallel copies of $\Lambda$ subdivided into $k$ subsets, give Legendrian isotopy invariants of $\Lambda$.
Prevalence of Bronchiectasis in Asthma according to Oral Steroid Requirement: Influence of Immunoglobulin Levels

Purpose. To establish the prevalence of bronchiectasis in asthma in relation to patients' oral corticosteroid requirements and to explore whether the increased risk is due to blood immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration. Methods. Case-control cross-sectional study, including 100 sex- and age-matched patients, 50 with non-steroid-dependent asthma (NSDA) and 50 with steroid-dependent asthma (SDA). Study protocol: (a) measurement of Ig and gG subclass concentration; (b) forced spirometry; and (c) high-resolution thoracic computed tomography. When bronchiectasis was detected, a specific etiological protocol was applied to establish its etiology. Results. The overall prevalence of bronchiectasis was 12/50 in the SDA group and 6/50 in the NSDA group (p = ns). The etiology was documented in six patients (four NSDA and two SDA). After excluding these patients, the prevalence of bronchiectasis was 20% (10/50) in the SDA group and 2/50 (4%) in the NSDA group (P < 0.05). Patients with asthma-associated bronchiectasis presented lower FEV1 values than patients without bronchiectasis, but the levels of Ig and subclasses of IgG did not present differences. Conclusions. Steroid-dependent asthma seems to be associated with a greater risk of developing bronchiectasis than non-steroid-dependent asthma. This is probably due to the disease itself rather than to other influencing factors such as immunoglobulin levels.
The Effect of Extreme Markets on the Benefits of International Portfolio Diversification

We investigate the effects of bull and bear markets on correlations between developed and emerging country equity returns, and on the benefits of combining international markets in a portfolio. Contrary to most other studies we find that correlations fall in both bull and bear markets, although far more in the former; that emerging markets provide both additional diversification benefits for investors in developed markets and, especially, some protection during bear markets.