Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The job demand-control(-support) model and physical health outcomes: A review of the strain and buffer hypotheses

Abstract This review of the Job Demand-Control (JDC) model and the expanded Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model and employees' physical health, focuses on the two prevalent views on these models. According to their view on the models researchers study different hypotheses: (a) the (iso)strain hypothesis, stating that the highest level of ill health is expected when the job is characterized by high demand and low control (and low social sup port), ot (b) the buffer hypothesis, predicting that control (and social support) can buffer the potential negative effects of high demands on physical health. It is argued that these hypotheses reflect theoretical distinct models, and that the practical implications associated with these models differ. The review of 51 studies on the JDC(S) model reveals that the “strain” hypothesis predominates in studies of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) related and specific non-CVD related health outcomes. In contrast, the “buffer” hypothesis is most prevalent.
Book Reviews : JOURNALISM AND JUSTICE: HOW CRIME IS REPORTED. Peter Grabosky and Paul Wilson. Leichhardt, Pluto Press, 1989. 149 pp. $14.95 (paper)

research methodology. The way in which a theoretical focus is argued and put to work is described in a very clear manner. Furthermore, the techniques used are eclectic: qualitative open-ended interviews, quantitative closed questionnaire yielding statistics analysed both simply and by such methods as multiple regression analyses, and, finally, content analysis of the legal codes of two of the states. All the instruments are given in some 30 pages of appendices.
Elaborating the Mastery State and the Confidence Frame

In reversal theory (RT; e.g., Apter, 1982, 2001) the mastery metamotivational state is the motivational orientation that leads the individual to value having power and control, either over others or oneself. When it is operative, winning or success (i.e., gaining in felt transactional outcome) generates pleasant feelings such as pride and satisfaction. Losing or failure (i.e., losing in felt transactional outcome) generates negative emotions such as humiliation, and, when an athlete’s needs for power and control are not being met, this can result in tension-stress. This theoretical manuscript provides an elaboration of RT's mastery state and more clearly defines its relationship with protective confidence frames, its interaction with other metamotivational states, and its antecedents. The manuscript is set in the context of sport and exercise psychology, but the arguments presented have implications for other areas of psychology, and for human endeavour and performance in general. It is intended as a discussion document aimed at stimulating debate and rethinking about the nature and role of the mastery state in RT.
Mergers 101 (part two): training managers for culture, stress, and change challenges

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to establish what managers need in terms of being acculturated and trained to manage the implications of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) on their organizations considering the variables: change, communications, leadership, culture and stress.Design/methodology/approach – The paper compiles strategies gleaned from academic research literature with particular reference to the most common problems management encounters during M&A implementation and execution.Findings – The independent variables key for successful M&A implementation and execution are identified: communication, leadership and trust, organizational culture, change and stress. The literature review demonstrates the important roles played by each variable throughout the M&A process.Originality/value – The paper provides management with insights on how to prepare for M&A and design a sound behavioral approach in order to achieve the expected post M&A gains and opportunities in a timely manner. This is significant .
Children's Support Services: Providing a System of Care for Urban Preschoolers with Significant Behavioral Challenges

R esearch showing the critical importance of school readiness highlights the need for earl; intervention with children who are exhibiting significant behavior problems. Young children who are perceived as socially competent and well-adjusted have a higher probability of school success, while preschoolers who experience serious emotional difficulty are at greater risk for early school difficulty (Raver, 2002). The No Child Left Behind legislation acknowledges the importance of school readiness for children entering kindergarten. At the White House Summit on Early Childhood Cognitive Development in 2001, G. Reid Lyon, Chief, Child Development and Behavior Branch, National Institutes of Health, reported that the Bush administration has "charged us with developing and implementing a seamless, evidence-based early childhood educational program that builds and links critical cognitive, physical, social, and emotional abilities across transitions in ages, environments and classrooms to ensure school readiness and school success. " One critical aspect of school readiness is healthy social and emotional development. Inorder to successfully navigate the kindergarten routine, young children need to be able to follow directions, participate in group activities, express their needs and ideas, conform to classroom rules, and interact appropriately with adults and peers. Preschoolers who demonstrate chronically disruptive or destructive behaviors in early childhood settings are at greater risk for academic failure (Arnold et al., 1999; McLelland, Morrison, & Holmes, 2000). Urbanareas oftenhave a high percentageof familieslivingbelow the poverty line. The concomitant incidence of young children in those neighborhoods with emotional and behavioral difficulties presents a continuous challenge for classroom teachers (Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, 1999). As a result, the interventions that are implemented should not only stabilize and safeguard the classroom climate, but also support the child's positive social/emotional development. Research indicates that altering challenging behaviors in young children necessitates systemic intervention (Kazdin, 1987; Wahler & Dumas, 1986). One of the additional challenges to providing services to the preschool-age population in an urban environment is the issue of access. Children between Research indicates
Comparison of fidelity of reproduction of images after lossy compression using Standard and Non-Standard Wavelet decompositions

This paper presents results of a comparison of quality obtained using the Standard and Non-Standard decomposition techniques [1, 6] for lossy image compression using wavelets. The discrete wavelet transform with the Haar-wavelet [3] was applied to an international benchmark collection of images [4]. Thresholding was applied to the transformed data to reduce the information content of the images to several ratios. For all images the Non-Standard decomposition is markedly superior to the Standard method achieving over four times the compression for similar quality of reproduction.
Tracking human mobility at mass gathering events using WISP

Mass gathering events, where thousands of people meet in a confined area for a defined period of time, pose a severe strain on the safety and security of the gathering crowds. The process of managing and controlling crowd movements has been a challenge. Lack of good management and planning of high crowd density with restricted points of access may end up with tragic disasters and mortalities. With the significant advancement of wireless networks, mobile technologies, and communication protocols, many host organizers are embracing the use of modern technologies to assist in managing, controlling, and tracking crowds to ensure their security and safety. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) for tracking, monitoring, and managing human movement at mass gathering events. Individuals are offered WISP tags that store their basic identity and contact information. WISP readers and writers are positioned at various locations during a mass gathering event to monitor and control crowd movement. A central management system utilizes the collected data to provide assistance to crowd managers and trigger potential alerts.
Pharmacoepidemiologic investigation of a clonazepam‐valproic acid interaction by mixed effect modeling using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data in Japanese patients

Non‐linear Mixed Effects Modeling (NONMEM) was used to estimate the effects of clonazepam–valproic acid interaction on clearance values using 576 serum levels collected from 317 pediatric and adult epileptic patients (age range, 0·3–32·6 years) during their clinical routine care. Patients received the administration of clonazepam and/or valproic acid. The final model describing clonazepam clearance was CL = 144·0 TBW−0·172 1·14VPA, where CL is total body clearance (mL/kg/h); TBW is total body weight (kg); VPA = 1 for concomitant administration of valproic acid and VPA = zero otherwise. The final model describing valproic acid clearance was CL (mL/kg/h) = 17·2 TBW−0·264 DOSE0·159 0·821CZP 0·896GEN, where DOSE is the daily dose of valproic acid (mg/kg/day); CZP = 1 for concomitant administration of clonazepam and CZP = zero otherwise; GEN = 1 for female and GEN = zero otherwise. Concomitant administration of clonazepam and valproic acid resulted in a 14% increase in clonazepam clearance, and a 17·9% decrease in valproic acid clearance.
Production of Virus-Derived Ping-Pong-Dependent piRNA-like Small RNAs in the Mosquito Soma

The natural maintenance cycles of many mosquito-borne pathogens require establishment of persistent non-lethal infections in the invertebrate host. The mechanism by which this occurs is not well understood, but we have previously shown that an antiviral response directed by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is important in modulating the pathogenesis of alphavirus infections in the mosquito. However, we report here that infection of mosquitoes with an alphavirus also triggers the production of another class of virus-derived small RNAs that exhibit many similarities to ping-pong-dependent piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). However, unlike ping-pong-dependent piRNAs that have been described previously from repetitive elements or piRNA clusters, our work suggests production in the soma. We also present evidence that suggests virus-derived piRNA-like small RNAs are capable of modulating the pathogenesis of alphavirus infections in dicer-2 null mutant mosquito cell lines defective in viral siRNA production. Overall, our results suggest that a non-canonical piRNA pathway is present in the soma of vector mosquitoes and may be acting redundantly to the siRNA pathway to target alphavirus replication.
A Gendered Influence in Campaign Debates? Analysis of Mixed‐gender United States Senate and Gubernatorial Debates

Throughout the literature much of the research on political campaign debates has focused on presidential debates and has largely ignored non‐presidential debates, particularly those featuring candidates competing in mixed‐gender races. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to these non‐presidential debates and particularly those in which gender may play a pivotal role. Through our analysis of four debates—two gubernatorial and two U.S. Senate debates—we advance the notion of debatestyle as a useful analytic scheme to examine the verbal content of female and male candidate debate dialogue. While few differences in female and male debatestyles ultimately emerged, results of the current study indicate that female and male political candidates, when engaged in debate, adopt a strategy of gendered adaptiveness that offers important contributions to both research on political debates as well as research on gender and politics.
Gas assisted method synthesis nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and Hg (II) sensing

ABSTRACT Nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was prepared by gas-assisted method using cellulose as precursors under ammonia atmosphere, which not only exhibited excellent photoluminescent properties, but also showed highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury ion. The nitrogen-doped CQDs displayed excitation wavelength dependent fluorescent behavior with outstanding dispersibility. Moreover, they exhibited high tolerance to various external conditions, such as storage time, pH value, and ionic strength. The rapid detection of Hg (II) by one-step operation within 1 min and the good linear correlation between I0/I and Hg (II) concentration in the range of 10–100 nM made the nitrogen-doped CQDs a promising nanoprobe for Hg (II) detection. The detection limit of the nitrogen-doped CQDs is about 7.7 nM. Such a nanoprobe has been successfully applied for the analysis of Hg (II) in natural water samples, demonstrating excellent practical feasibility.
Water Privatization and Social Citizenship: The Case of Urban Water Sector in Ghana

The impact of globalization on citizenship has recently gathered considerable academic attention. In the literature it is assumed that globalization will alter citizenship, either by constraining or enabling it. The article explores this question through the relationship between water privatization and social citizenship. It asks to what extent privatization, as an aspect of globalization, alters people's social right to water. Drawing from interviews and documents collected in 2008 and 2009, and a review of secondary literature, the article argues that in Ghana's capital Accra, water privatization left people's social citizenship relatively unchanged. The study shows how social citizenship is rooted in its historical context of unequal access to water in a post-colonial society, and how the privatization policy was mediated by this context, bringing relatively little change. Instead, many flexible, self-enforced social citizenships are in place which challenge the universal notions of Western political theory and which continued to operate under the privatization arrangement. The article concludes that in some cases, globalization influences citizenship less than previous literature argues, and suggests that for making balanced arguments, debates about water privatization need to take the contextual dynamics of specific settings more carefully into account.
Academic Responsibilities and Representation of the Ok Tedi Crisis in Postcolonial Papua New Guinea

Since the start of the Ok Tedi mining project in Papua New Guinea in 1981, Broken Hill Proprietary has operated it. Weak environmental protection laws and a series of ecological disasters have endangered the greater Ok Tedi and Fly River socioecological region. A grassroots indigenous popular ecological resistance movement made an out-of-court settlement with the mining company in Melbourne in 1996. Early in 2000 the indigenous movement took Broken Hill Proprietary back to court in Melbourne to block the company's attempt to abandon the Ok Tedi mine. Research started with Wopkaimin subsistence ecology in the 1970s. Later the political ecology of the Ok Tedi crisis was evaluated, as was ecological change in social terms; both are illustrated through the politics of cultura and ecological representation. After the successful convergence of radical environmentalists and indigenous popular ecological resistance against the Ok Tedi mine, research shifted to liberation ecology to study the emancipatory potential of struggles and conflicts against environmental degradation. The responsibilities of academics conducting research in the Ok Tedi crisis are examined. The Ok Tedi crisis challenges the proposition that academics can act as honest brokers through mining companies to negotiate deals for local communities. Academics engaged by mining companies as consultants or employees must work according to managed science and circumscribed briefs. The approach of critical liberation ecology, which directs research to community empowerment, represents a freedom of critical inquiry only available in the academy.
One night at sea: effects of verbal priming on perceptions and recollections of wartime events

This study investigates perceptions of and memory for a filmed ambiguous event, intended to simulate features of a contentious naval incident that occurred during World War II. Participants viewed a short film that contained elements attributable to a storm or a battle at sea. In different conditions, test instructions mentioned speculation about the possibility of a storm or a battle, or were neutral. Participants exposed to the battle prime were significantly more likely to describe a battle taking place than were participants exposed to either,I storm or neutral prime. Evidence of the influence of expectations was also obtained via a recognition measure and confidence ratings. Memory biases were unchanged 7 weeks post the initial viewing. It is concluded that observers of ambiguous events during times of war are vulnerable to errors based oil schematic expectations and that these patterns of errors can be replicated in laboratory simulations.
Distinct sensitivity to caffeine-induced insomnia related to age

Caffeine acts by antagonizing the effect of the endogenous homeostatic sleep factor adenosine. In the current study we aimed to evaluate the pattern of caffeine-induced insomnia and its relation to age and sex in a general population sample derived from a web survey. The sample included 75,534 participants (28.1% men) from 18 to 75 years who answered self-report questionnaires by accessing a website in Brazilian Portuguese (BRAINSTEP project). In our sample, 3620 (17.0%) men and 9920 (18.3%) women reported insomnia due to caffeine intake. Caffeine-induced insomnia increased with aging in both men and women. This difference remained after adjusting for sociodemographic, psychiatric and sleep related variables as well as caffeine intake. Women showed higher proportion of caffeine-induced insomnia than men, but this difference did not remain after controlling for covariates. Also, individuals with caffeine-induced insomnia reported poorer sleep quality, higher latency to fall asleep and a higher proportion of psychiatric diagnoses and daily use of hypnotic drugs. In conclusion, our results show an age-associated increase in caffeine-induced insomnia and poorer mental health indicators among people with caffeine-induced insomnia complaints.
Maximum variance unfolding based co-location decision tree for remote sensing image classification

Since conventional decision tree (DT) induction methods cannot efficiently take advantage of geospatial knowledge in the classification of remotely sensed imagery, a co-location decision tree (CL-DT) method, combining the co-location technique with the conventional DT method, has been proposed by several researchers. However, the CL-DT method only considers the Euclidean distance of neighborhood events, which cannot truly reflect the co-location relationship between instances for which there is a nonlinear distribution in a high-dimensional space. For this reason, this paper develops the theory and method for a maximum variance unfolding (MVU)-based CL-DT method (known as MVU-based CL-DT). The presented method has been validated by classifying remote sensing image and is compared with CL-DT method and random forest (RF) method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can better construct decision tree and reach a high classification accuracy.
Multicenter Laboratory Validation of Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against Classical Second-Line and Newer Antimicrobial Drugs by Using the Radiometric BACTEC 460 Technique and the Proportion Method with Solid Media

ABSTRACT In a large multicenter study involving six major study sites in the United States, Canada, and Europe, the susceptibilities of 272Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains to classical second-line antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs (capreomycin, cycloserine, ethionamide, and kanamycin) and newer compounds (amikacin, clofazimine, ofloxacin, and rifabutin) were determined by the radiometric BACTEC 460 procedure and the conventional proportion method on Middlebrook 7H10 agar. Previously established critical concentrations for classical second-line anti-TB drugs were compared with several concentrations in liquid medium to establish equivalence. MICs of newer compounds determined in liquid medium were either the same or up to four times lower than those determined in agar medium. After establishing critical concentrations (breakpoints) in the extended testing of clinical isolates, we obtained an excellent overall correlation between the two systems, with no errors with amikacin, kanamycin, and ofloxacin and very few major or very major errors with the other drugs; however, for cycloserine, no breakpoint concentration could be recommended due to repeatedly inconsistent results by both methods. Based on these data we conclude that the BACTEC 460 procedure is a simple and rapid method requiring 4 to 8 days on average to generate accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results for eight anti-TB drugs other than those considered primary ones. These data not only fill a major gap of knowledge regarding the critical test concentrations of secondary anti-TB drugs but also provide a baseline for future evaluations ofM. tuberculosis AST with the more recently developed, nonradiometric broth-based culture systems.
Some Exemplars of Implementation

SUMMARY Several successful prevention programs are recognized as exemplars of implementation. Complicated multidimensional interventions with different goals and directed at different target populations have been conducted with a high degree of fidelity using a common set of strategies. Future research priorities involve identifying the specific factors that promote implementation and determining what levels of implementation are necessary to achieve maximum program impact.
Enhanced Temporal Response Properties of Anteroventral Cochlear Nucleus Neurons to Broadband Noise

Compared with auditory nerve (AN) fibers, trapezoid body (TB) fibers of the cat show enhanced synchronization to low-frequency tones. This phenomenon probably contributes to the high temporal resolution of binaural processing. We examined whether enhanced synchronization also occurs to sustained broadband noise. We recorded responses to a reference Gaussian noise and its polarity-inverted version in the TB of barbiturate-anesthetized cats. From these we constructed shuffled autocorrelograms (SACs) and quantified spike timing by measuring the amplitude and width of their central peak. Many TB fibers with low characteristic frequency (CF) showed SACs with higher and narrower central peaks than ever observed in the AN, indicating better consistency and precision of temporal coding. Larger peaks were also observed in TB fibers with high CF, but this was mostly caused by higher average firing rates, resulting in a larger number of coincident spikes across stimulus repetitions. The results document monaural preprocessing of the temporal information delivered to binaural nuclei in the olivary complex, which likely contributes to the high sensitivity to interaural time differences.