Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in proteolysis, sarcomere length, collagen content, and tenderness among major pork muscles.

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the extent of variation in proteolysis, sarcomere length, and collagen content among pork muscles and the association of those factors with tenderness variation among muscles at 1 d postmortem. Twenty-three white composite barrows were slaughtered and carcasses (66 kg) were chilled at 0 degrees C for 24 h. At 1 d postmortem, the longissimus lumborum, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and triceps brachii, long head were dissected from one side of each carcass and frozen. Trained sensory panelists evaluated tenderness, amount of connective tissue, juiciness, and pork flavor intensity of grilled (70 degrees C) chops on 8-point scales. Raw chops were used for total collagen content, sarcomere length, and the extent of desmin proteolysis. Tenderness ratings were highest (P < .05) for semitendinosus (7.2) and triceps brachii (7.1), followed by longissimus lumborum (6.4) and semimembranosus (5.7) and were lowest (P < .05) for biceps femorus (4.0). The simple correlations between longissimus lumborum tenderness and the tenderness of other muscles were . 54 (semimembranosus), . 34 (semitendinosus), . 36 (triceps branchii), and . 17 (biceps femorus). Total collagen was highest (P < .05) for biceps femorus (7.1 mg/g muscle), followed by triceps branchii (6.0 mg/g) and semitendinosus (5.3 mg/g), and lowest for semimembranosus (4.5 mg/g) and longissimus lumborum (4.1 mg/g). Sarcomere length was longest (P < .05) for semitendinosus (2.5 microm) and triceps branchii (2.4 microm), followed by semimembranosus (1.8 microm), longissimus lumborum (1.8 microm), and biceps femorus (1.7 microm). Proteolysis of desmin was greatest (P < .05) in longissimus lumborum (39.3%), followed by semimembranosus (21.0%) and biceps femoris (18.5%), then semitendinosus (.2%) and triceps brachii (.2%). Multiple linear regression using total collagen, sarcomere length, and proteolysis accounted for 57% of the variation in tenderness rating among all samples. Piecewise linear regression was used to account for the interaction of sarcomere length with proteolysis and collagen. This analysis accounted for 72% of the variation in tenderness rating. Variation in collagen, proteolysis, and sarcomere length and the degree of their interaction with one another determine the tenderness of individual muscles.
Exploiting Constructive Mutual Coupling in P2P MIMO by Analog-Digital Phase Alignment

In this paper, we propose a joint analog-digital (A/D) beamforming scheme for the point-to-point multiple-input-multiple-output system, where we exploit mutual coupling by optimizing the load impedances of the transmit antennas. Contrary to the common conception that mutual coupling strictly harms the system performance, we show that mutual coupling can be beneficial by exploiting the concept of constructive interference. By changing the value of each load impedance for the antenna array based on convex optimization, the mutual coupling effect can be manipulated so that the resulting interference aligns constructively to the useful signal vector. We first prove that the full elimination of mutual coupling effect is not achievable solely by tuning the values of the antenna load impedances. We then introduce the proposed A/D scheme for both PSK and QAM modulations, where performance gains with respect to conventional techniques are obtained. The implementation of the proposed schemes is also discussed, where a lookup table can be built to efficiently apply the calculated load impedances. The numerical results show that the proposed schemes can achieve an improved performance compared to systems with fixed mutual coupling, especially when the antenna spacing is small.
Maintainability Metrics of UML Design

The paper introduces a new object-oriented metric to evaluate maintainability of the software system at the design stage. Unlike well known object-oriented metrics applicable only to one class or to a category of several interconnected classes the proposed one evaluates the degree of extensibility for the whole static design. The metric is based on the main principles of objectoriented design and can be used by designers for evaluation and refining purposes. The results of the experiment on real projects to check this metric are reported. The Java plug-in for calculating this metric in UML Case tools is presented.
Introduction to the Special Section: The American Psychiatric Association's Research Agenda for the DSM–V

The articles provided within this special section of the Journal of Personality Disorders are abbreviated versions of papers presented at the first of ten international conferences that are intended to enrich the empirical base in preparation for the eventual development of the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This article provides the historical background for and a brief description of the first conference, which was concerned with the research that would help move the field toward a dimensional classification of personality disorder. The question of whether personality disorders are discrete clinical conditions or arbitrary distinctions along dimensions of general personality functioning has been a longstanding issue (Kendell, 1975; Blashfield, 1984; Schneider, 1923). Proposals for a dimensional model of personality disorder have been made throughout the history of the APA’s and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) diagnostic manuals (e.g., Eysenck, 1970; Presly & Walton, 1973; Tyrer & Alexander, 1979). The third edition of the APA’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–III; APA, 1980) was quite innovative in many respects (Frances, 1980; Millon, 1981) but it continued to diagnose personality disorders categorically despite the improvements in validity and clinical utility that would be obtained through a dimensional model of classification (Frances, 1982; Cloninger, 1987; Eysenck, 1987; Kiesler, 1986; Livesley, 1985; Walton, 1986; Widiger & Frances, 1985; Wiggins, 1982). The authors of the revised, third edition of the APA diagnostic manual attempted to address some of the problems inherent to the categorical model by using polythetic criterion sets in which multiple diagnostic criteria are provided, only a subset of which is necessary for the diagnosis (Widiger, Frances, Spitzer, & Williams, 1988). Compelling proposals for a more fundamental shift in how personality disorders are classified and diagnosed, however, continued to be made (e.g., Benjamin, 1993; Clark, 1992; Cloninger, Svrakic, & Przybeck, 1993; Costa & McCrae, 1990; Livesley, Jackson, & Schroeder, 1992; Oldham et al., 1992; Pincus & Wiggins, 1990; Siever & DaJournal of Personality Disorders, 19(2), 103-109, 2005 © 2005 The Guilford Press
Core percolation on complex networks

We analytically solve the core percolation problem for complex networks with arbitrary degree distributions. We find that purely scale-free networks have no core for any degree exponents. We show that for undirected networks if core percolation occurs then it is continuous while for directed networks it is discontinuous (and hybrid) if the in- and out-degree distributions differ. We also find that core percolations on undirected and directed networks have completely different critical exponents associated with their critical singularities.
Periarticular Osteoporosis Is a Prominent Feature in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Estimation Using Shaft to Periarticular Bone Mineral Density Ratio

We aimed to quantify periarticular osteoporosis and investigate its significance in 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 106 controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine the ratio of shaft to periarticular bone mineral density (BMD) as an index of periarticular demineralization. Periarticular osteoporosis was measured by conventional radiography. The BMDs of shaft and periarticular regions in eight designated areas on proximal phalanges were quantified. Clinical variables were examined to identify risk factors for periarticular osteoporosis. The assessment of periarticular osteoporosis on X-ray images reached a moderate degree of interobserver agreement among four physicians (ĸ = 0.47). For BMD quantification, we designed three types of mathematical formulae: the ratio of shaft to periarticular BMD, the mean of the ratios, and the ratio of the sums. These ratios were significantly higher in the patients with early RA (disease duration ≤ 3 yr) than in controls (P < 0.01). The findings were not as distinctive in patients with established RA. Body mass index, cumulative dose of corticosteroid, and C-terminal telopeptide were correlated with BMD ratios. Conclusively, DXA-assisted localized quantification and BMD ratio calculations are feasible for assessing periarticular demineralization. Periarticular osteoporosis is a relatively distinctive feature of early RA.
Chronic inflammation in asthma

It is now widely accepted that chronic airway inflammation plays a key role in asthma [1]. This fundamental feature has been included in the most recent definitions of the disease: hence the Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention reports that "asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which many cell types play a role, in particular mast cells, eosinophils and T-lymphocytes. In susceptible individuals the inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough, particularly at night and/or early morning. These symptoms are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is at least partly reversible either spontaneously or with treatment. The inflammation also causes an associated increase in airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli" [2]. Based on this consensus all treatment guidelines focus on the importance of anti-inflammatory drugs (mainly inhaled corticosteroids) to control the disease process [2, 3].
Development of a training program to support health care professionals to deliver the SPACE for COPD self-management program

Background With the growing burden of COPD and associated morbidity and mortality, a need for self-management has been identified. The Self-management Programme of Activity, Coping and Education for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (SPACE for COPD) manual was developed to support self-management in COPD patients. Currently, there is no literature available regarding health care professionals’ training needs when supporting patients with COPD on self-management. Aim This study sought to identify these needs to inform, design and develop a training program for health care professionals being trained to deliver a self-management program in COPD. Methods Fourteen health care professionals from both primary and secondary care COPD services participated in face-to-face semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to produce a framework and identify training needs and views on delivery of the SPACE for COPD self-management program. Components of training were web-based knowledge training, with pre-and posttraining knowledge questionnaires, and a 1-day program to introduce the self-management manual. Feedback was given after training to guide the development of the training program. Results Health care professionals were able to identify areas where they required increased knowledge to support patients. This was overwhelming in aspects of COPD seen to be outside of their current clinical role. Skills in goal setting and behavioral change were not elicited as a training need, suggesting a lack of understanding of components of supporting self-management. An increase in knowledge of COPD was demonstrated following the training program. Conclusion Both knowledge and skill gaps existed in those who would deliver self-management. Analysis of this has enabled a training program to be designed to address these gaps and enable health care professionals to support patients in self-management.
In Vitro Whole-Genome Analysis Identifies a Susceptibility Locus for HIV-1

Advances in large-scale analysis of human genomic variability provide unprecedented opportunities to study the genetic basis of susceptibility to infectious agents. We report here the use of an in vitro system for the identification of a locus on HSA8q24.3 associated with cellular susceptibility to HIV-1. This locus was mapped through quantitative linkage analysis using cell lines from multigeneration families, validated in vitro, and followed up by two independent association studies in HIV-positive individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs2572886, which is associated with cellular susceptibility to HIV-1 in lymphoblastoid B cells and in primary T cells, was also associated with accelerated disease progression in one of two cohorts of HIV-1–infected patients. Biological analysis suggests a role of the rs2572886 region in the regulation of the LY6 family of glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)–anchored proteins. Genetic analysis of in vitro cellular phenotypes provides an attractive approach for the discovery of susceptibility loci to infectious agents.
Helping Older, Struggling Readers

Abstract Despite what is known about the prevention of reading difficulties in young learners, many students reach upper elementary and middle school without having acquired strategies and skills to become strong, independent readers. Intervention that helps students build on what they know about reading and learn new skills is more successful than repetition of instructional practices that are appropriate for earlier grades.
Portfolio of FinFET memories: Innovative techniques for an emerging technology

A group of new memory circuit techniques with the emerging FinFET technology are evaluated in this paper. Three independent-gate FinFET SRAM cells and two multi-threshold-voltage (multi-Vt) work-function engineered SRAM cells are compared for data stability, leakage power consumption, and cell area. The highest read stability is provided by the technique based on dynamically tuning the threshold voltages of the data access transistors during the read and write operations with independent-gate-bias. The read stability is enhanced by up to 92% with the minimum sized dynamic independent-gate-bias FinFET SRAM cells as compared to the minimum sized low-threshold-voltage tied-gate FinFET SRAM cells in a 32 nm FinFET technology. Alternatively, the lowest leakage power consumption and the smallest cell area are provided with the work-function engineered multi-Vt FinFET memory cells. The idle mode leakage power and the cell area are reduced by up to 65X and 25.5%, respectively, with the work-function engineered multi-Vt FinFET SRAM cells as compared to a standard low-threshold-voltage (low-Vt) tied-gate FinFET SRAM cell sized for comparable read stability.
Sources and Levels of Stress in Relation to Locus of Control and Self Esteem in University Students

This study reports an investigation into the sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self esteem in university students. Two stress questionnaires (ASQ and LSQ) were used to assess students’ stress. The first deals with academic sources of stress, and the second assesses the student's life stress levels. The achievement scale of the Multidimensional Multi‐attributional Scale Causality (MMCS) was used to measure locus of control, and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale to assess students’ self esteem. The study sample consisted of 675 (202 males and 473 females) second‐year undergraduate students. The results indicated that examination and examination results were the highest causes of stress in students, followed by studying for exams, too much to do and the amount to learn, respectively. Results showed that 77.6% and 10.4% of the students fall into the moderate and serious stress categories, respectively, and that there were significant differences between females and males students .
Where Is the /b/ in “absurde” [apsyrd]? It Is in French Listeners' Minds

Abstract In French words such as “absurde” (“bs/bt” words), the underlying linguistic code /b/ corresponds both to the spelling “b” and to the morphophonemic code {ab-} + {surd}. Yet, because of voice assimilation, the phonetic-acoustic and perceptual realization of the labial stop is [p] not [b]. In a phoneme monitoring task, listeners detected /b/ more often but more slowly than /p/ in “bs/bt” words. A phonemic gating task revealed the time course of phonetic judgments. The /b/ responses gradually increased and eventually overcame the initially dominant /p/ responses before words were identified, as a classic word-guessing gating task showed. A further phoneme monitoring task with nonwords that mimicked the “bs/bt” words confirmed that the linguistic code inducing /b/ responses built up prelexically. We propose that this code is lexically mediated by a cohort of words sharing the graphic code “b. ” Alternatively, it could be conveyed by prefixes identified on-line, such as {ab-} in “absurde. ”
Culture, self-identity, and work

The focus of this book is the development and application of a middle-range theory of culture, self-identity and work behaviour. According to the authors' self-representative theory, three components are relevant to an individual's work behaviour: cultural and situational characteristics, cognitive representation of the self, and managerial practices and techniques used in an organization. Culture is viewed as a shared knowledge structure that results in decreased variability in individual interpretation of stimuli. The self is viewed as a dynamic interpretive structure that shapes an individual's interpretation of social milieu. Managerial practices influence work behaviour, and in this book the focus is on how these practices relate to the components of culture and the self. A final chapter provides a number of specific recommendations for how organizations might consider structuring their environment and managerial practices in order to match culture-self interaction.
A Necessary Condition for Transitivity of a Finite Permutation Group

Suppose the group G is generated by permutations gvg2,. ,g, acting on a set CI of size n, such that 8182--8, ' s the identity permutation. If the generator gt has exactly ci cycles (for 1 ^ / < s), and G is transitive on Ci, then n(s—2)—YJ'(-I c, + 2 is a non-negative even integer. This is proved using an elementary graph-theoretic argument. In this paper we give a simple proof of a necessary condition involving the number of cycles of any generating set for a finite permutation group. Specifically, we prove the following: THEOREM. Suppose G is a group of permutations of a set CI of size n, and G is generated by the elements g1,g2, .,gs, whose product is the identity permutation. If the generator gt has exactly c{ cycles on CI {for 1 ̂ / ^ s) and G is transitive on CI, then n(s—2) — X! i-i( + 2 must be a non-negative integer. Naturally we assume s ^ 2. The hypothesis g1g2--g8 = 1 simply requires that gg is the inverse of the product of the first s— 1 generators (which together generate G themselves). By 'cycles' we mean 1-cycles (fixed points) as well as 2-cycles (transpositions), 3-cycles, and so on. It is an easy exercise to show that if the permutation g o n f l has c cycles, then g is even if and only if c = n modulo 2. Further, because the product of the generators 8i>82>--'>8* °f G i the identity, all but an even number of them will be even permutations. It therefore follows that Y£-\ < = ns odulo 2, and hence
Barriers to the Open Government Data Agenda: Taking a Multi-Level Perspective

A loose coalition of advocates for Open Government Data (OGD) argue that such data has the potential to have a transformative impact by catalyzing innovation across sectors of the economy and by fostering democratic participation and engagement. However, there is limited evidence to date of the OGD agenda having such a transformative impact. This article applies the Multi-level Perspective (MLP); an approach more typically applied to study transitions to a sustainable society, to explore the nature of the barriers currently faced by the OGD agenda. It argues that such barriers exist in two forms: implementation barriers and barriers to use. The empirical results presented include survey responses measuring the perceptions of U.K. OGD community members of 33 barriers to the OGD data agenda. These results are analyzed to identify implications for OGD policy and practice. The article concludes with a start at establishing a theoretical grounding for the study of barriers to the OGD agenda.
Beyond the Bottom Line: The Theoretical Aims of Moral Theorizing

Moral theory is no substitute for virtue, but virtue is no substitute for moral theory. Many critics of moral theory, with Richard Posner being one prominent recent example, complain that moral theory is too abstract, that it cannot generally be used to derive particular rights and wrongs, and that it does not improve people's characters. Posner complains that it is thus of no use to legal theorists. This article defends moral theory, and to some degree, philosophical inquiry in general, against such pragmatic complaints. I argue that the primary goal of moral theorizing is not pragmatic, but theoretical. Moral theory aims at explanation, at answering certain kinds of questions about morality. Moral theory is meant to deepen our insight into morality but, to count as deepening our insight, it need not provide a formula for calculating what to do in a particular circumstance, nor must it make us more virtuous. I provide an account of the scope and nature of explanation provided by moral theory as well as an account of why such explanations can be worth having, even if they were to have few pragmatic consequences.
Does Being Bored Make Us More Creative?

Boredom has traditionally been associated with a range of negative outcomes, both within the workplace and outside it. More recently, however, it has been suggested that boredom can have positive outcomes, one of which might be increased creativity. This study addressed this proposition by examining the relationship between boredom and creative potential on a range of tasks. Two studies were carried out; the first involved 80 participants taking part in either a boring writing activity or not (control group) followed by a creative task. The second study involved a further 90 participants who varied in the type of boring activity they undertook (either a boring written activity, a boring reading activity, or a control) and the type of creative task that followed. Results suggested that boring activities resulted in increased creativity and that boring reading activities lead to more creativity in some circumstances (such as convergent tasks) than boring written activities. The role of daydreaming as a mediator between boredom and creativity is discussed and implications are outlined.