Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Sub Clinical Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in and Aronund Gondar, Northern Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted on 322 local (n = 57) and crossbred (n = 265) lactating hand milked small holder cows in and around Gondar. The objective of the study was to determine prevalence of clinical and sub clinical mastitis and the associated risk factors by clinical examination and using california mastitis test. Bacterial culture was also conducted to determine the casual agents of mastitis. The prevalence of clinical and sub clinical mastitis in the study area was 0.93 and 31.67%, respectively with an overall prevalence of 32.6%. Out of 1288 quarters examined 164 were infected while 39 were blind. The number of clinically and sub clinically infected quarters were 7 and 157, respectively. Several pyogenic bacteria have been isolated from cases of sub clinical mastitis during the study period. The major bacteria isolated in this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae with a prevalence of 16.5, 15.9 and 14.0%, respectively. Among the risk factors considered, breed, age, parity and stage of lactation have been shown statistically significant (p<0.05) difference in the prevalence of mastitis. Sub clinical mastitis in both breeds has been reported to be higher than clinical mastitis. The odds of occurrence of mastitis were two times more likely in crossbreds compared to local zebu. The present study disclosed that high prevalence of sub clinical mastitis and the occurrence Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp. as dominant bacterial species from mastitic milk of the study area. All the risk factors considered were significant effect on the prevalence of mastitis. Appropriate control and prevention methods should be applied to reduce the prevalence and effect of mastitis in dairy cows.
A magnetotelluric study of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand

SUMMARY Magnetotelluric soundings have been made at seven locations on a 4 km profile crossing the Alpine Fault in the South Island of New Zealand. The ‘distortion’ techniques of Groom & Bailey (1989) and Lilley (1998a,b) have been used to derive regional apparent resistivity and phase curves that correspond to electromagnetic induction in orientations parallel and perpendicular to the fault. 2-D inversion of the regional responses reveals that a narrow (<1 km wide) conductive zone is associated with the Alpine Fault. This conductor is most probably related to the heating of deep circulating meteoric water in a region in which enhanced temperatures occur at shallow depth due to the tectonic uplift of the Southern Alps.
Seismic anisotropy in sedimentary rocks, part 1: A single‐plug laboratory method

A single-plug method for measuring seismic velocities and transverse isotropy in rocks has been rigorously validated and laboratory tested. The method requires only one sample to measure the velocities needed to derive the five independent elastic constants for transversely isotropic materials. In this method, piezoelectric transducers are fitted to the top, bottom, and sides of the cylindrical sample. Laboratory velocity and anisotropy can be measured as functions of pressure, temperature, fluid saturation, and fluid displacement. Because this method uses a horizontal core plug that has much higher permeability than a vertical core plug, it is especially suitable for low-permeability shale measurements. It reduces the sample preparation and velocity measurement time by more than two-thirds.
Geostatistical analysis for estimation of mean rainfalls in Andhra Pradesh, India

Rainfall is a hydrological phenomenon that varies in magnitude in space as well as in time and requires suitable tools to predict mean values in space and time. Estimation of rainfall data is necessary in many natural resources and water resource studies. There are several methods to estimate rainfall among which interpolation is very useful approach. In this research, geostatistical interpolation methods are used to estimate monthly (June- December), seasonal (South-West and North-East Monsoon seasons) and annual rainfalls in Andhra Pradesh, India. Monthly rainfall data from a network of 23 meteorological stations for the period 1970- 2003 has been in the study. The main objectives of this work are: (1) to analyze and model the spatial variability of rainfall, (2) to interpolate kriging maps for different months as well as seasons, (3) to analyze and model the structural cross correlation of rainfall with elevation for different seasons, (4) to investigate whether co-kriging would improve the accuracy of rainfall estimates by including elevation as a secondary variable, and (5) to compare prediction errors and prediction variances with those of kriging and cokriging methods for different seasons. Rainfall surfaces have been predicted using ordinary kriging method for these analyses. Co-kriging analysis has been done to improve the accuracy of prediction, by including the elevation as a co-variate. It has not resulted in significant improvement in the prediction. It was observed that the rainfall data is skewed and Box-cox transformation has been used for converting the skewed data to normal. It is observed that the trend is present in all the cases, and is constant for November, North-East monsoon. The first order polynomial fits well for June, August, Sept, October, December, Annual period and South -West monsoon. The second order polynomial fits best for July. It has been observed that the directional effects are predominant in October, November, South-West Monsoon and Annual rainfall. Spherical model fits well for June, July, November, South-West and North-East monsoons, where as the Gaussian model fits well for August, September, October, December and annual rainfalls. Nugget effect is zero for June, November, and North-East monsoon. The cross-validation error statistics of OCK presented in terms of coefficient of determination (R2), kriged root mean square error (KRMSE), and kriged average error (KAE) are within the acceptable limits (KAE close to zero, R2 close to one, and KRMSE from 0.98 to 1.341). The exploratory data analysis, variogram model fitting, and generation of prediction map through kriging were accomplished by using ESRI'S ArcGIS and geostatistical analyst extension.
Effects of Anxious Depression on Antidepressant Treatment Response

Anxious depression represents a subtype of major depressive disorder and is associated with increased suicidality, severity, chronicity and lower treatment response. Only a few studies have investigated the differences between anxious depressed (aMDD) and non-anxious depressed (naMDD) patients regarding treatment dosage, serum-concentration and drug-specific treatment response. In our naturalistic and prospective study, we investigated whether the effectiveness of therapy including antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, NaSSA, tricyclics and combinations) in aMDD patients differs significantly from that in naMDD patients. In a sample of 346 patients, we calculated the anxiety somatization factor (ASF) and defined treatment response as a reduction (≥50%) in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)-21 score after 7 weeks of pharmacological treatment. We did not observe an association between therapy response and the baseline ASF-scores, or differences in therapy outcomes between aMDD and naMDD patients. However, non-responders had higher ASF-scores, and at week 7 aMDD patients displayed a worse therapy outcome than naMDD patients. In subgroup analyses for different antidepressant drugs, venlafaxine-treated aMDD patients showed a significantly worse outcome at week 7. Future prospective, randomized-controlled studies should address the question of a worse therapy outcome in aMDD patients for different psychopharmaceuticals individually.
Explainability and Real-Time in Music Information Retrieval: Motivations and Possible Scenarios

In recent years, various explainable artificial intelligence methods have been proposed for different Music Information Retrieval (MIR) applications. However, real-time aspects of explainability and the musical applications that they can enable have been largely overlooked by researchers. In this position paper, we propose a vision for real-time explanation systems in the context of MIR applications. We describe three application scenarios where such systems would be useful, although the same concepts can be applied to other musical cases. In the first scenario, we propose a system that provides explanations for an emotion recognition model in the context of music composition and production. In the second scenario, we investigate the benefits of explaining a music genre recognition system for live performances. In the third scenario, we explore the utility of an explanation system for an application in musical instrument learning. Subsequently, we discuss the main challenges associated with the envisioned real-time explanation systems and use cases, especially in relation to the need for easy-to-grasp explanations and to the possible embedding of such systems into smart musical instruments.
Sources de la variabilité interannuelle de la langue d'eau froide Atlantique

La langue d'eau froide Atlantique est un refroidissement saisonnier qui affecte les eaux superficielles au sud de l'equateur entre les cotes africaines et 30°W environ, pendant la " saison froide " (entre mai et octobre). Ce phenomene se produit tous les ans, mais son intensite, sa duree, ainsi que son extension spatiale sont tres variables d'une annee sur l'autre. En depit du couplage tres marque qui lie la langue d'eau froide et les premiers stades de la mousson africaine, les causes de cette variabilite interannuelle sont peu connues. Cette these a pour objectif de combler cette lacune en ameliorant notre comprehension des processus oceaniques controlant la variabilite interannuelle de la langue d'eau froide. Cette etude se focalise sur les evenements " intenses" de la langue d'eau froide, correspondant a des refroidissements anormalement forts (faibles), precedes par des anomalies negatives (positives) de vent zonal. On se focalise ainsi sur les evenements dits " canoniques ", les plus nombreux, et potentiellement similaires en terme de mecanisme. Cette classification, appliquee a une dizaine de reanalyses, permet de retenir, avec une robustesse certaine, cinq annees dans chacune des classes. Ces evenements sont etudies grâce a des simulations numeriques realistes. L'utilisation de bilans de chaleur nous a permis d'acceder aux processus physiques qui controlent la formation des evenements froids et chauds. Le melange vertical a la base de la couche de melange apparait comme le processus fondamental de la variabilite interannuelle de la langue d'eau froide. Lors des evenements froids, il accroit le refroidissement entre mars et juillet, alors que son role reste discret lors des evenements chauds. Au milieu de l'ete boreal, les anomalies de melange vertical sont contrebalancees par des anomalies d'advection horizontale de signes opposes. Ainsi les evenements froids comme chauds sont attenues en fin de saison. Cette these montre qu'il est plus pertinent de s'interesser au flux d'energie cinetique qui est plus directement lie a l'activation du melange vertical, qu'a la tension de vent en surface. Le flux d'energie cinetique semble d'autant plus pertinent qu'il joue aussi un role majeur lors des evenements intenses " non-canoniques ", i.e. evenements froids (chauds), precedes par des anomalies positives (negatives) de vent zonal. Enfin, la modulation de la vitesse verticale induite par le vent tend a ajuster i) la profondeur de la couche de melange, ii) la pente de la thermocline, et iii) le cisaillement vertical de courant zonal. Ce sont des parametres cles du melange vertical et donc du taux de refroidissement. La vitesse verticale joue donc un role indirect dans l'etablissement et la variabilite interannuelle de la langue d'eau froide.
Depositional Setting of the Upper Jurassic Hith Anhydrite of the Arabian Gulf: An Analog to Holocene Evaporites of the United Arab Emirates and Lake MacLeod of Western Australia

The Upper Jurassic Hith Anhydrite is a major hydrocarbon seal in the Arabian Gulf region. Outcrops, core samples from the subsurface, and the literature indicate that the Hith Formation is composed mainly of anhydrite. In most locations where a section of the Hith Formation has been measured, this unit contains less than 20% carbonate, much of which is in the form of thin laminations. This lack of carbonate, locally thick layers of salt, and the predominance of anhydrite favor a playa for the setting in which this sediment was accumulated. In fact, much of the Hith has the sedimentary characteristics of the Holocene Lake MacLeod playa of Western Australia, which is dominated by layers of gypsum and halite (what little carbonate that occurs is found in layers at the base o the section). Locally the Hith appears to have accumulated in a sabkha setting, particularly toward central Abu Dhabi where it pinches out into shallow-water, and peritidal carbonate. This sabkha setting is indicated by the interbedded relationship of the Hith anhydrites with these carbonates and the local predominance of horizontally flattened nodules and enterolithic layers of anhydrite. These latter features match some of the characteristic fabrics found in the Holocene coastal sabkhas of the United Arab Emirates. As with the local occurrences in the Hith, the Holocene sabkhas are dominated by carbonates and are divisible into a series of lateral facies belts. These are also expressed as equivalent vertical layers. Traced from seaward to landward, or from the base of the vertical sequence upward these facies are characterized by (1) algal mat, (2) a layer of a gypsum crystal mush (3) active anhydrite replacement of gypsum (4) anhydrite with no gypsum mush, and (5) recycled eolianite and storm-washover sediments.
Relationships between macroinfaunal invertebrates and physicochemical factors in two sandy beaches of Patagonia

Grupo de Ecologi ´a en Ambientes Costeros, Centro Nacional Patagonico (CENPAT–CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915(U9120ACD) Puerto Madryn, ArgentinaThe interest in the knowledge of the ecology of soft-sediment communities is increasing due to the importance that theseenvironments pose to ecologists and environmentalists. However, the ecology of Argentinean sandy beaches is almostunknown, in spite of being relatively common landscapes. In this work we describe and compare the macroinfaunal assem-blages in the two largest sandy beaches within the Monte Leo´n National Park, the ﬁrst marine-coastal park of Argentina.Macrobenthic samples were collected and environmental descriptions were performed by quantifying and comparing theorganic matter content, grain size distribution and depth of the substratum available for macroinfaunal colonization.Results show that polychaetes and crustaceans are the dominant taxa and that the two beaches differ in the physicochemicalcharacteristics, suggesting that a relation between the benthic fauna and physicochemical factors exists. Although theyappeared similar at the landscape scale in preliminary visual surveys, the geomorphological differences between habitatsare likely to drive strong differences in the structure of the macroinfaunal assemblages. The monitoring of visible landscapefeatures is likely to undermine the efﬁciency of protection and managing strategies if not complemented by geomorphologicaland ecological surveys of less visible ecosystem variables.Keywords: sandy shores, conservation, macroinfauna, organic matter content, grain size distribution
The development of the Belgian paediatric clinical trial network

ABSTRACT Paediatric clinical trials are critical to ensure that medications prescribed to children are safe and effective. However, evidence-based dosing and labelling of such medications remain limited, and most clinical trials in paediatrics fail. Factors for lack of trial completion include performance at site level (limited patient recruitment, limited site staff experience and lack of infrastructure), the sponsor team (limited paediatric specific expertise in design, uncertainties on robustness of biomarkers or outcome variables) as well as regulatory and administrative burdens. As a result of the growing demand for site support, the Belgian Paediatric Clinical Research Network (BPCRN) established in 2009 has been relaunched in 2018 to improve paediatric clinical trials, with the support of innovative-medicines-initiative 2 (IMI2) pan-European network conect4children (c4c) and the transatlantic network I-ACT for Children (US). This paper highlights the formation of the BPCRN and the practical insights it offers for advancing paediatric clinical trials through national networks. A national network can improve trial quality, safety and efficiency, provide clinical research expertise, identify suitable sites, and help with troubleshooting of common trial issues. The BPCRN’s centralized approach has advanced paediatric clinical trials by streamlining communication and standardizing trial conduct. Challenges and opportunities have arisen, including a relaunch in 2018, orphan medicine trials, and network sustainability. Collaboration between network activities, government support, site-level improvements, efficient communication, and interaction with industry are key to achieve lasting transformation in paediatric medicine research.
Experimental Study of Multiple Physical Parameters Monitoring during Uniaxial Loading Process of Sandstone

Aiming at the damage evolution and energy release characteristics of sandstone in failure process, uniaxial and cyclic loading experiments were conducted with the average temperature, infrared temperature field, acoustic emission (AE), and displacement field being monitored simultaneously. The results show that in the low stress stage, the initial pores and fissures are compressed and the thermoelastic effect is insignificant. At the same time, the AE events are active, but most of the events are released with low energy. Then, the surface of the specimen shows stratified displacement phenomenon in the vertical direction. In the following stage, the thermoelastic effect is significant, and the average temperature of specimens shows a linear correlation with stress, whereas the AE is relatively inactive, and vertical surface deformation shows further homogenization and saliency. Because of the top and bottom constraints, the horizontal displacement field shows axis symmetrical distribution of double half-ellipse like a drum. During the yielding phase and the rupture moment, the average temperature rises obviously because of the heat from the friction of the rupture surface, and the temperature field also appears the phenomenon of differentiation; in the meantime, a large amount of AE events occur and the proportion of high energy events increases; further, the deformation field is significantly gathered near the ruptured position. Finally, the time sequence of the multiple physical parameters (AE parameters, average temperature, temperature fields, horizontal and vertical displacement fields) is summarized, which can be a reference for the stress state and failure analysis.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Evidence from behavioural studies suggests that impaired motor response inhibition may be common to several externalizing child psychiatric disorders, although it has been proposed to be the core-deficit in AD/HD. Since similar overt behaviour may be accompanied by different covert brain activity, the aim of this study was to investigate both brain-electric-activity and performance measures in three groups of children with externalizing child psychiatric disorders and a group of normal controls. Methods: A Stop-task was used to measure specific aspects of response inhibition in 10 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), 8 children with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), 11 children with comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD and 11 normal controls. All children were between 8 and 14 years old. Event-related potentials and behavioural responses were recorded. An initial go-signal related microstate, a subsequent Stop-signal related N200, and performance measures were analyzed using ANCOVA with age as covariate. Results: Groups did not differ in accuracy or reaction time to the Go-stimuli. However, all clinical groups displayed reduced map strength in a microstate related to initial processing of the Go-stimulus compared to normal controls, whereas topography did not differ. Concerning motor response inhibition, the AD/HD-only and the ODD/CD-only groups displayed slower Stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) and Stop-failure reaction time compared to normal controls. In children with comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD, Stop-failure reaction-time was longer than in controls, but their SSRT was not slowed. Moreover, SSRT in AD/HD+ODD/CD was faster than in AD/HD-only or ODD/CD-only. The AD/HD-only and ODD/CD-only groups displayed reduced Stop-N200 mean amplitude over right-frontal electrodes. This effect reached only a trend for comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD. Conclusion: Following similar attenuations in initial processing of the Go-signal in all clinical groups compared to controls, distinct Stop-signal related deficits became evident in the clinical groups. Both children with AD/HD and ODD/ CD showed deficits in behavioural response-inhibition accompanied by decreased central conflict signalling or inhibition processes. Neither behavioural nor neural markers of inhibitory deficits as found in AD/HD-only and ODD/CD-only were additive. Instead, children with comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD showed similar or even less prominent inhibition deficits than the other clinical groups. Hence, the AD/HD+ODD/CD-group may represent a separate clinical entity. Published: 09 December 2005 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2005, 1:22 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-1-22 Received: 28 June 2005 Accepted: 09 December 2005 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/1/1/22 © 2005 Albrecht et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Detection of False Data Injection Attacks in Power Systems Using a Secured-Sensors and Graph-Based Method

False data injection (FDI) attacks pose a significant threat to the reliability of power system state estimation (PSSE). Recently, graph signal processing (GSP)-based detectors have been shown to enable the detection of well-designed cyber attacks named unobservable FDI attacks. However, current detectors, including GSP-based detectors, do not consider the impact of secured sensors on the detection process; thus, they may have limited power, especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. In this paper, we propose a novel FDI attack detection method that incorporates both knowledge of the locations of secured sensors and the GSP properties of power system states (voltages). We develop the secured-sensors-and-graph-Laplacian-based generalized likelihood ratio test (SSGL-GLRT) that integrates the secured data and the graph smoothness properties of the state variables. Furthermore, we introduce a generalization of the method that allows the use of different high-pass GSP filters together with prior knowledge of the locations of the secured sensors. Then, we develop the SSGL-GLRT for a distributed PSSE based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the probability of detecting FDI attacks compared to existing GSP-based detectors, achieving an increase of up to 30% in the detection probability for the same false alarm rate by integrating secured sensor location information.