Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Close Dark Matter Halos and MOND Are to Each Other: Three-Dimensional Tests Based on Gaia DR2

Aiming at discriminating different gravitational potential models of the Milky Way, we perform tests based on the kinematic data powered by the Gaia DR2 astrometry, over a large range of (R, z) locations. Invoking the complete form of Jeans equations that admit three integrals of motion, we use the independent R- and z-directional equations as two discriminators (TR and Tz). We apply the formula for spatial distributions of radial and vertical velocity dispersions proposed by Binney et al., and successfully extend it to azimuthal components, σθ(R, z) and Vθ(R, z); the analytic form avoids the numerical artifacts caused by numerical differentiation in Jeans-equations calculation given the limited spatial resolutions of observations, and more importantly reduces the impact of kinematic substructures in the Galactic disk. It turns out that whereas the current kinematic data are able to reject Moffat’s Modified Gravity (let alone the Newtonian baryon-only model), Milgrom’s MOND is still not rejected. In fact, both the carefully calibrated fiducial model invoking a spherical dark matter (DM) halo and MOND are equally consistent with the data at almost all spatial locations (except that probably both have respective problems at low-|z| locations), no matter which a tracer population or which a meaningful density profile is used. Because there is no free parameter at all in the quasi-linear MOND model we use, and the baryonic parameters are actually fine-tuned in the DM context, such an effective equivalence is surprising, and might be calling forth a transcending synthesis of the two paradigms.
TetraDiffusion: Tetrahedral Diffusion Models for 3D Shape Generation

Probabilistic denoising diffusion models (DDMs) have set a new standard for 2D image generation. Extending DDMs for 3D content creation is an active field of research. Here, we propose TetraDiffusion, a diffusion model that operates on a tetrahedral partitioning of 3D space to enable efficient, high-resolution 3D shape generation. Our model introduces operators for convolution and transpose convolution that act directly on the tetrahedral partition, and seamlessly includes additional attributes such as color. Remarkably, TetraDiffusion enables rapid sampling of detailed 3D objects in nearly real-time with unprecedented resolution. It's also adaptable for generating 3D shapes conditioned on 2D images. Compared to existing 3D mesh diffusion techniques, our method is up to 200 times faster in inference speed, works on standard consumer hardware, and delivers superior results.
Representations of the symmetric group are decomposable in polynomial time

We introduce an algorithm to decompose orthogonal matrix representations of the symmetric group over the reals into irreducible representations, which as a by-product also computes the multiplicities of the irreducible representations. The algorithm applied to a d -dimensional representation of S n is shown to have a complexity of O ( n 2 d 3 ) operations for determining multiplicities of irreducible representations and a further O ( nd 4 ) operations to fully decompose representations with non-trivial multiplicities. These complexity bounds are pessimistic and in a practical implementation using ﬂoating point arithmetic and exploiting sparsity we observe better complexity. We demonstrate this algorithm on the problem of computing multiplicities of two tensor products of irreducible representations (the Kronecker coeﬃcients problem) as well as higher order tensor products. For hook and hook-like irreducible representations the algorithm has polynomial complexity as n increases.
Unresolved Binaries and Multiples in the Intermediate Mass Range in Open Clusters: Pleiades, Alpha Per, Praesepe, and NGC 1039

In this study, we continue our project to search for unresolved binary and multiple systems in open clusters exploiting the photometric diagram (H–W2)–W1 versus W2–(BP–K) first introduced in Malofeeva et al. In particular, here we estimate the binary and multiple star ratios and the distribution of the component mass ratio q in the Galactic clusters Alpha Persei, Praesepe, and NGC 1039. We have modified the procedure outlined in our first study making star counts automatic and by introducing bootstrapping for error estimation. Basing on this, we reinvestigated the Pleiades star cluster in the same mass range as in our previous work and corrected an inaccuracy in the mass ratio q distribution. The binary and multiple star ratio in the four clusters is then found to lie between 0.45 ± 0.03 and 0.73 ± 0.03. On the other hand, the ratio of systems with multiplicity more than 2 is between 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.02. The distribution of the component mass ratio q is well fitted with a Gaussian having the mode between 0.22 ± 0.04 and 0.52 ± 0.01 and the dispersion between 0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.35 ± 0.07. All clusters show a large number of the very low-mass secondary components in the binary systems with primary components below 0.5 M ⊙.
Model-agnostic stochastic model predictive control

We propose a model-agnostic stochastic predictive control (MASMPC) algorithm for dynamical systems. The proposed approach first discovers \textit{interpretable} governing differential equations from data using a novel algorithm and blends it with a model predictive control algorithm. One salient feature of the proposed approach resides in the fact that it requires no input measurement (external excitation); the unknown excitation is instead treated as white noise, and a stochastic differential equation corresponding to the underlying system is identified. With the novel stochastic differential equation discovery framework, the proposed approach is able to generalize; this eliminates the repeated retraining phase -- a major bottleneck with other machine learning-based model agnostic control algorithms. Overall, the proposed MASMPC (a) is robust against measurement noise, (b) works with sparse measurements, (c) can tackle set-point changes, (d) works with multiple control variables, and (e) can incorporate dead time. We have obtained state-of-the-art results on several benchmark examples. Finally, we use the proposed approach for vibration mitigation of a 76-storey building under seismic loading.
High-resolution spectra from inner-shell transitions in highly ionised chromium (Cr XIX-XXIII)

High-resolution spectra of chromium in the wavelength interval from 2.18 to 2.24 AA have been obtained from TFR plasmas using a bent-crystal spectrometer. The authors observe the characteristic resonance, forbidden and intercombination lines of the helium-like Cr XXIII ion together with 1s2sq2pm-1s22sq2pm-1 transitions from Cr XXII down to Cr XIX. All observed features are identified as the most intense lines obtained from ab initio calculations. Electron temperatures and ion abundances are derived from relative line intensities.
FeatER: An Efficient Network for Human Reconstruction via Feature Map-Based TransformER

Recently, vision transformers have shown great success in a set of human reconstruction tasks such as 2D/3D human pose estimation (2D/3D HPE) and human mesh reconstruction (HMR) tasks. In these tasks, feature map representations of the human structural information are often extracted first from the image by a CNN (such as HRNet), and then further processed by transformer to predict the heatmaps for HPE or HMR. However, existing transformer architectures are not able to process these feature map inputs directly, forcing an unnatural flattening of the location-sensitive human structural information. Furthermore, much of the performance benefit in recent HPE and HMR methods has come at the cost of ever-increasing computation and memory needs. Therefore, to simultaneously address these problems, we propose FeatER, a novel transformer design that preserves the inherent structure of feature map representations when modeling attention while reducing memory and computational costs. Taking advantage of FeatER, we build an efficient network for a set of human reconstruction tasks including 2D HPE, 3D HPE, and HMR. A feature map reconstruction module is applied to improve the performance of the estimated human pose and mesh. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of FeatER on various human pose and mesh datasets. For instance, FeatER outperforms the SOTA method Mesh- Graphormer by requiring 5% of Params and 16% of MACs on Human3.6M and 3DPW datasets. The project webpage is https://zczcwh.github. io/feater_page/.
Set input-to-state stability under input delays for nonlinear systems with disturbances

— The study proposes new results on the set input-to-state stability (ISS) subject to a small input time delay for compact, invariant sets that contains the origin. First, using the nonlinear small-gain theory, we prove a Razumikhin-type theorem that ensures ISS for sets in the setup of functional differential equations (FDEs) with disturbances. Next we show how this theorem can be used to ensure set ISS for nonlinear systems with input delays and disturbances. In comparison to the existing research on set ISS robustness with respect to small time delays at the input, our results are rather broad, retaining the ISS gain and without any constraints on time delayed states. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated through two case-studies addressing set stability for classes of nonlinear oscillators of practical interest.
Higher order Grünwald approximations of fractional derivatives and fractional powers of operators

We give stability and consistency results for higher order Gr\"unwald-type formulae used in the approximation of solutions to fractional-in-space partial differential equations. We use a new Carlson-type inequality for periodic Fourier multipliers to gain regularity and stability results. We then generalise the theory to the case where the first derivative operator is replaced by the generator of a bounded group on an arbitrary Banach space.
Hopf structure of the Yangian Y(sln) in the Drinfel’d realization

The Yangian of the Lie algebra sln is known to have different presentations, in particular the RTT realization and the Drinfel’d realization. Using the isomorphism between them, the explicit expressions of the comultiplication, the antipode and the counit in the Drinfel’d realization of the Yangian Y(sln) are given. As examples, the cases of Y(sl2) and Y(sl3) are worked out.
Towards Evaluation of Multi-party Dialogue Systems

Recent research in the ﬁeld of conversational AI has emphasized the need for standardization of the metrics used in evaluation. In this work, we focus on evaluation methods used for multi-party dialogue systems. We present an expanded taxonomy focusing on multi-party dialogue based on the need for evaluation dimensions that address challenges associated with the presence of multiple participants. We also survey the evaluation metrics utilized in current multi-party dialogue research, and present our ﬁndings with regards to inconsistencies within existing work. Furthermore, we discuss the subsequent need to have more consistent evaluation methodologies and benchmarks. We motivate how consistency will contribute towards a better understanding of progress in the ﬁeld of multi-party dialogue systems.
The Formation of Edom: An Archaeological Critique of the “Early Edom” Hypothesis

According to the Early Edom hypothesis, the late Iron II kingdom of Edom in southern Jordan emerged from the complex copper-producing society of early Iron II Faynan. A review of the archaeological evidence from the final publication of the Faynan excavations demonstrates that the hypothesis is untenable. There was a chronological gap of 50 to 100+ years between the end of settlement at Faynan, at the end of the 9th century b.c.e. , and the earliest settlement in the Edom Highlands; evidence of decreasing social and political complexity at Faynan; no continuity in the scale or technology of copper production at Faynan between early and late Iron II; and completely different settlement patterns at early Iron II Faynan and in the late Iron II highlands, indicating a different economic and social basis. The evidence suggests that early Iron II Faynan was short-lived and linked to the contemporary society in the Negev Highlands, through administration, economy, and workforce. The kingdom of Edom and late Iron II settlement developed in the late 8th century b.c.e. under Assyrian stimulus, which had a direct impact on the expansion of settlement and agriculture, the production of pottery and other goods, and the Arabian trade across the Negev.
Towards Development of an Automated Health Coach

Human health coaching has been established as an effective intervention for improving clients’ health, but it is restricted in scale due to the availability of coaches and finances of the clients. We aim to build a scalable, automated system for physical activity coaching that is similarly grounded in behavior change theories. In this paper, we present our initial steps toward building a flexible system that is capable of carrying out a natural dialogue for goal setting as a health coach would while also offering additional support through just-in-time adaptive interventions. We outline our modular system design and approach to gathering and analyzing data to incrementally implement such a system.
Do Performance Aspirations Matter for Guiding Software Configuration Tuning? An Empirical Investigation under Dual Performance Objectives

Configurable software systems can be tuned for better performance. Leveraging on some Pareto optimizers, recent work has shifted from tuning for a single, time-related performance objective to two intrinsically different objectives that assess distinct performance aspects of the system, each with varying aspirations to be satisfied, e.g., “the latency is less than 10s” while “the memory usage is no more than 1GB”. Before we design better optimizers, a crucial engineering decision to make therein is how to handle the performance requirements with clear aspirations in the tuning process. For this, the community takes two alternative optimization models: either quantifying and incorporating the aspirations into the search objectives that guide the tuning, or not considering the aspirations during the search but purely using them in the later decision-making process only. However, despite being a crucial decision that determines how an optimizer can be designed and tailored, there is a rather limited understanding of which optimization model should be chosen under what particular circumstance, and why. In this article, we seek to close this gap. Firstly, we do that through a review of over 426 articles in the literature and 14 real-world requirements datasets, from which we summarize four performance requirement patterns that quantify the aspirations in the configuration tuning. Drawing on these, we then conduct a comprehensive empirical study that covers 15 combinations of the state-of-the-art performance requirement patterns, four types of aspiration space, three Pareto optimizers, and eight real-world systems/environments, leading to 1,296 cases of investigation. Our findings reveal that (1) the realism of aspirations is the key factor that determines whether they should be used to guide the tuning; (2) the given patterns and the position of the realistic aspirations in the objective landscape are less important for the choice, but they do matter to the extents of improvement; (3) the available tuning budget can also influence the choice for unrealistic aspirations but it is insignificant under realistic ones. To promote open science practice, we make our code and dataset publicly available at: https://github.com/ideas-labo/aspiration-study.
Coupled electron and phonon transport in one-dimensional atomic junctions

Employing the nonequilibrium Green's function method, we develop a fully quantum mechanical model to study the coupled electron-phonon transport in one-dimensional atomic junctions connecting to one-dimensional leads. This model enables us to study the electronic and phononic transport on an equal footing. We derive the electrical and energy currents of the coupled electron-phonon system and present a self-consistent picture of energy exchange between them. As an application, we study the heat dissipation in current-carrying atomic junctions with metallic and semiconductor leads. We find that the inclusion of phonon transport is important in determining the heat dissipation and temperature change of the atomic junctions.
AI education matters

I always say to my students "you are going to be the future data science leaders of the world". Wherever they end up, I hope they apply critical (Cotter, 2020; Dasgupta & Hill, 2020) and human-centered (Xu, 2019) thinking to the AI decisions they make. As AI algorithms become ever more omnipresent in our lives - from newsfeed organization to product recommendations and beyond - it is our responsibility as educators to equip our students with the necessary tools to interrogate the impacts of AI technology. Luckily, there has been a large push for the integration of ethics into AI curricula. Whether this is in Model AI assignments (Furey & Martin, 2019) or entire conferences (such as FAccT), there is a demand for integrated and critical algorithmic literacies both in the classroom and outside of it. As a social media researcher and AI educator, my work regularly contends with two pillars: Joy and Justice. In this article I intend to outline ways of integrating both play and critical interrogation into AI education, with examples from AI education scholarship (Druga, Vu, Likhith, & Qiu, 2019; Ko et al., 2020) as well as a light experience report highlighting student work. My students join me on this article as they are the main inspiration for innovative joy and justice practices!
A New Species of Holochroa Hulst (Geometridae: Ennominae) from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico

ABSTRACT. A new species of Holochroa from the mountains of Hidalgo, Mexico is described and illustrated. Holochroa encina Garzón-Orduña can be distinguished from the other four species in the genus by the chestnut colored forewing, the male valvae narrowing at the apex, the thinner sclerotized processes of the anellus and by the mtDNA barcode.
On the simultaneous cascades of energy, helicity, and enstrophy in incompressible homogeneous turbulence

Abstract We characterise the incompressible turbulence cascade in terms of the concurrent inter-scale and inter-space exchanges of the scale-by-scale energy, helicity and enstrophy. The governing equations for the scale-by-scale helicity and enstrophy are derived in a similar fashion to that of the second order structure function following Hill (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 468, 2002, pp. 317–326). We examine the instantaneous dynamics, applying these equations to forced periodic turbulence and a von Kármán flow focusing on scales in the dissipative range $r=2.5\eta$, the near-dissipative range $r=0.5\lambda$ and the onset inertial range $r=\lambda$ (where $\eta$ and $\lambda$ are the Kolmogorov and Taylor length scales, respectively). The signature of the random sweeping effect is observed in all three individual budgets and between the energy and enstrophy transfers. As in the energy cascade, the anti correlation of the pressure transport and non-linear transfer is identified also in the helicity cascade. Owing to its lack of positive definiteness, the helicity transfers are found to be decorrelated from the others. However a connection between the energy cascade and helicity is identified kinematically. This connection reveals the large-scale sweeping motions are a key element in the overall energy cascade and underpins previous observations of large-scale intermittency. Taken together, this work extends a classic framework to gain novel insight on turbulence dynamics that underlay the statistically steady state, and demonstrates how transfers are interconnected.
Revised mixing coefficient scaling for sheared stably stratified turbulence

Abstract We revisit and extend the turbulent Froude number ($Fr_k$) scaling for the mixing coefficient ($\varGamma$) introduced by Garanaik & Venayagamoorthy (GV) (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 867, 2019, pp. 323–333) by directly incorporating the effects of mean shear through the non-dimensional shear parameter $S_{\ast } = S k/\epsilon _k$. For flows where the effects of mean shear are stronger than the background vertical stratification, we find $\varGamma \sim Fr_k^{-2} S_\ast ^{-1}$ for weakly stratified sheared turbulence and $\varGamma \sim Fr_k^{-1}S_\ast ^{-1}$ for moderately stratified sheared turbulence. The scaling procedure is inconclusive for strongly stratified sheared turbulence, but using two independent datasets of homogeneous, sheared, stably stratified turbulence, we empirically observe $\varGamma \sim Fr_k^{-0.5} S_\ast ^{-1}$. Our revised scaling better collapses both datasets compared with the original GV scaling, and we note that the moderately stratified sheared regime is extremely narrow (or maybe even non-existent). We also apply our scaling to the time-varying open channel simulations of Issaev et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 935, 2022) and observe $\varGamma \sim Fr_k^{-2}S_\ast ^{-1}$ for weakly stratified sheared turbulence, but we observe deviations from our revised scaling for moderate and strong stratifications due to time-varying mean shear and vertical transport. Finally, we apply our revised scaling to field measurements of Conry, Kit & Fernando (Environ. Fluid Mech., vol. 20, 2020, pp. 1177–1197) and observe $\varGamma \sim Fr_k^{-2} S_\ast ^{-1}$. We emphasize that our revised scaling is applicable only for stably stratified, vertically sheared turbulence with weak spatio-temporal variations of the mean shear and stratification, and we expect different scaling to apply when additional effects such as depth-varying radiative heating/cooling are present or when the orientation of the mean shear relative to the gravity vector is modified (e.g. horizontal shear).
Seismic Activities and Hazards of the Seismic Gaps in the Haiyuan Fault in Northeastern Tibet: Insights From Numerical Modeling Earthquake Interaction

The 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan earthquake occurred in the Qilian‐Haiyuan fault system in northeastern Tibet. To investigate the mechanism behind the 2022 Menyuan earthquake and the seismic hazards (SHs) of the Tianzhu seismic gap, the spatiotemporal stress variations on the Qilian‐Haiyuan fault zone were assessed before and after 2022 by modeling the stress changes caused by 12 historical large earthquakes during the last century. The results showed that the 2022 Menyuan earthquake was delayed due to a stress shadow caused by the 1927 Mw 8.3 Gulang earthquake. The stress shadow also covers the middle section of the Tianzhu seismic gap and inhibits its seismic activities to some extent. By preventing the rupture of the Tianzhu seismic gap in a single event, this stress shadow may reduce the risk of a future earthquake with a magnitude of more than Mw 7.7 in the Tianzhu seismic gap (length = approximately 260 km). The western portion of the Tianzhu Seismic Gap (length = approximately 18 km) was stress‐loaded with the peak ΔCFS value of approximately 375.15 kPa due to the 2016 Mw 5.9 and 2022 Mw 6.6 Menyuan earthquakes, indicating its increased SHs. The eastern portion of the Tianzhu seismic gap (length = approximately 149 km) was stress‐loaded with the peak ΔCFS value of approximately 1,035 kPa due to the 1927 Mw 8.3 Gulang and 1920 Mw 8.5 Haiyuan earthquakes, indicating its increased SHs. Therefore, more efforts should be made to prepare for the future hazards prevention in the eastern portion of the Tianzhu seismic gap.