Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online {PCA} with Spectral Bounds

This paper revisits the online PCA problem. Given a stream of n vectors xt2 R d (columns of X) the algorithm must outputyt2 R ‘ (columns ofY ) before receivingxt+1. The goal of online PCA is to simultaneously minimize the target dimension‘ and the errorkX (XY + )Yk 2 . We describe two simple and deterministic algorithms. The first, receives a parameter and guarantees that kX (XY + )Yk 2 is not significantly larger than . It requires a target dimension of ‘ = O(k=") for any k;" such that " 2 1 + 2+1 , with i being the i’th singular value of X. The second receivesk and" and guarantees thatkX (XY + )Yk 2 " 2 + 2+1 . It requires a target dimension of O(k logn=" 2 ). Different models and algorithms for Online PCA were considered in the past.
Evolution of Software Product Development in Startup Companies

This position paper addresses the software engineering practices in startups. The focus of most software engineering research has been on established companies. However, startup technology companies have become important producers of innovative and software intensive products despite the fact that they are under severe time-to-market pressure. Given that software engineering is the core activity in said startups, inadequacies in such practices might be a substantial contributing factor to this pressure to keep up with the software industry competitive needs. Startups build non-traditional business architectures by taking the easy path to find a product-market fit and thus, accumulate large amounts of technical debt. We shed light on the major efforts in the domain and indicate the research directions we plan to explore further.
Hepatitis B virus infection in prisons: A seroepidemiological survey in prisoners and attending staff

SUMMARY Prisoners and attending staff from six houses of detention were screened for serum HBsAg, antiHBs, antiHBc and transaminases. Both prisoners and warders showed an increased prevalence of HBV serum markers with respect to age- and sex-matched general population control groups. The HBsAg carrier rate was 6·7% in prisoners and 6·6% in staff. Sixty-five per cent of the HBsAg-positive subjects were antiHBe-positive. When the blood samples were taken, all the HBsAg-positive subjects were asymptomatic; transaminases were normal in 80% and only slightly elevated in 20%. Illicit drug abuse was found to be a relevant risk factor for HBV infection among prisoners under 35 years of age, but not in the older group, whereas no correlation emerged between presence of HBV serum markers and tattoos or admitted homosexuality. A high prevalence of HBV serum markers was also found among young warders who had been in service for a short time: most of them, however, come from areas of Italy with a particularly elevated HBV circulation. Although the results suggest that many of the HBV infections are not recently acquired within the institution, this survey confirms that prisons should be regarded as high risk areas for HBV infection, both for prisoners and warders.
Programs of Active Aging – A Relation between BMI and Triglycerides

Objective: To enhance the importance of physical activity programs for elderly and their influence on BMI and triglycerides. Methods: The sample consisted of 91 elderly individuals, 63 females and 28 males aged between 65 and 78 years of age. All seniors practice water activities, including swimming and gymnastics. Were analyzed with respect to two aspects: BMI, Triglycerides and practice time, seniors who were physically active at least 2 months, and seniors who maintained habits of physical activity between 2 and 6 months and still accumulated 30 or more minutes of other activities. We have established contingency tables were confronted where the variables described in the analysis. Results: It was found that elderly who maintained physical activity programs were broader outnumbered those who were overweight and obesity rates in Table I of BMI, and lower triglycerides values. Conclusions: We concluded therefore that physical activity programs that contemplate 2 or more hours per week, duly organized and systematized constitute a positive factor in combating inactivity and turn into a more active and cheerful elderly.
Towards an ethics of video gaming

Video gaming continues to be an ethically contentious topic, not the least because of its claimed negative effects on individuals and the society they live within. By taking a consequentialist approach to the issue---setting out the consequences of video games and gaming, and assessing those consequences for their ethically relevant properties---video gaming can be given a partial moral defence against its critics.
An efficient multiple-groupcast coded multicasting scheme for finite fractional caching

Coded multicasting has been shown to improve the caching performance of content delivery networks with multiple caches downstream of a common multicast link. However, the schemes that have been shown to achieve order-optimal performance require content items to be partitioned into a number of packets that grows exponentially with the number of users [1]. In this paper, we first extend the analysis of the order-optimal multiple-groupcast coded multicasting scheme in [2] to the case of heterogeneous cache sizes and demand distributions, providing an achievable scheme and an upper bound on the optimal performance when the number of packets goes to infinity. We then show that the scheme achieving this upper bound can very quickly loose its promising multiplicative caching gain for finite content packetization. To overcome this limitation, we design a novel polynomial-time algorithm based on greedy local graph-coloring that, while keeping the same content packetization, recovers a significant part of the multiplicative caching gain. Our results show that the achievable schemes proposed to date to quantify the fundamental limiting performance, must be properly designed for practical regimes of finite content packetization.
Information behaviour meets social capital: a conceptual model

Much research has been done on the favourable influence of social environment and social networks on knowledge production. The aim of this article is to design a theoretical framework where both information behaviour (IB) research and social capital (SC) research are integrated. Integrating these areas is seen as an advantage when focusing on the social construction of knowledge, and a model is proposed to illuminate sources and consequences of social capital and knowledge sharing. This framework will function as a basis on which to build when the authors proceed with a number of empirical studies involving the university context, social networks of the unemployed, and virtual networks of young people.
Practical Web-based Delta Synchronization for Cloud Storage Services

Delta synchronization (sync) is known to be crucial for network-level efficiency of cloud storage services (e.g., Dropbox). Practical delta sync techniques are, however, only available for PC clients and mobile apps, but not web browsers--the most pervasive and OS-independent access method. To understand obstacles of web-based delta sync, we implemented a traditional delta sync solution (named WebRsync) for web browsers using JavaScript, and find that WebRsync severely suffers from the inefficiency of JavaScript execution inside web browsers, thus leading to frequent stagnation and even crashing. Given that the computation burden on the web browser mainly stems from data chunk search and comparison, we reverse the traditional delta sync approach by lifting all chunk search and comparison operations from the client side into the server side. Inevitably, this brings enormous computation overhead to the servers. Hence, we further leverage locality matching and a more efficient checksum to reduce the overhead. The resulting solution (called WebR2sync+) outpaces WebRsync by an order of magnitude, and it is able to simultaneously support ∼7300 web clients' delta sync using an ordinary VM server based on a Dropbox-like system architecture.
The impossibility of social choice and the possibilities of individual values: political and philosophical liberalism reconsidered

Though the social choice of social institutions or social results is impossible - there is, strictly speaking, no social choice - individual evaluations of social institutions or results trivially are possible. Such individual evaluations can be deemed liberal either because they emphasize political institutions that embody liberal values (political liberalism) or because individuals make up their mind in a specifically "liberal" way of forming ethical judgment (philosophical liberalism). Seen in this light the Paradox of Liberalism is of theoretical or philosophical interest but not a practical problem of political (institutional) liberalism.
Sagittal synostosis

This report concerns a 20-month-old boy, born at 31 weeks of gestation, being followed in the paediatric clinic because of prematurity. He was developing appropriately for his age and his head circumference was growing steadily (between the 75th and 90th centile), with weight and height on the 25th centile. An x-ray of his skull was performed at this stage because of his head shape, which was long and narrow (scaphocephalic)—in itself suggestive of sagittal synostosis. The x-ray confirmed the diagnosis. He was referred to a regional neurosurgical unit for further management. He had a successful surgical correction without major problems. It is to be emphasised that there is a higher morbidity and mortality if reconstructive surgery is not carried out at an early age, and therefore early diagnosis is vital in this congenital condition.
A Influência Das Redes De Relações Corporativas No Desempenho Das Empresas Do Novo Mercado Da BOVESPA (The Influence of Corporate Relationships Networks on the Performance of Firms in the Novo Mercado of BOVESPA)

The role played by the board of a firm is one of the main aspects considered in literature on corporate governance around of the world. simultaneously, the social and institutional relations have been seen as preponderant factor for the happened results of the performance of such boards of big companies. However not yet research is verified that analyze the role of the boards from the Social Network Analysis (SNA) in Brazil. In this manner, this study aims to verify the existence of associations between centrality level, density and cohesion of the boards of Brazilian companies and firmperformance. Then, we evaluate 615 individuals, that had formed the boards of the 90 listed companies in the Novo Mercado of the S˜ao Paulo Stock Exchange in 2007. The analysis was lead in two phases. In the first one we present the configuration of the networks of board members, in second place, we verify associations between structure of the network and performance. It was verified that the centrality, density and the cohesion of the firms, in terms of its board members, are related with performance, some times in terms of Return Over Assets (Roa), some times in debt. Of this form, we conclude that organizations most located in the networks of corporative relations tend to present greater yield and minor debt.
FLAW DETECTION IN WOVEN TEXTILES BY NEURALNETWORKJonathan

This paper describes a technique for detection of aws in woven textile fabric, using Fourier transform spectral texture features. Two chief attributes make it a particularly suitable approach to this problem: because of the repetitive nature of the woven pattern, patterns can be expressed by very few spectral components (features), and, the whole detection system { both the texture feature extractor and the subsequent decision mechanism { have potential for parallel implementation via a feed-forward neural network structure. The technique also has potential for self-calibration, and hence a capability for adaptive operation. The performance of the technique is evaluated on a set of samples of denim fabric, containing real aws. Constraints and trade-oos of practical implementation are discussed, including considerations of analog VLSI implementation of the neural network structure.
The extended BG-simulation and the characterization of t-resiliency

A distributed task T on n processors is an input/output relation between a collection of processors' inputs and outputs. While all tasks are solvable if no processor may ever crash, the FLP result revealed that the possibility of a failure of just a single processor precludes a solution to the task of consensus. That is consensus is not solvable 1-resiliently. Yet, some nontrivial tasks are wait-free solvable, i.e. n-1-resiliently. What tasks are solvable if at most <i>t<n</i> processors may crash? I.e. what tasks are solvable t-resiliently? The Herlihy-Shavit condition characterizes <i>wait-free</i> solvability, i.e., when t=n-1. The Borowsky-Gafni (BG) simulation extends this characterization to the t-resilient case for the case "colorless" tasks - tasks like consensus in which one processor can adopt the output of any other processor. It does this by reducing questions about t-resilient solvability, to a question of wait-free solvability. The latter question has been characterized. In this paper, we amend the BG-simulation to result in the Extended-BG-simulation, an extension that yields a full characterization of t-resilient solvability: A task T on n processors is solvable t-resiliently iff all tasks T' on t+1 simulators s<sub>0</sub>,. , s<sub>t</sub> created as follows are wait-free solvable. Simulator s<sub>i</sub> is given an input of processor p<sub>i</sub> as well as the input to a set of processors of size n-(t+1) with ids higher than i. Simulator s<sub>i</sub> outputs for p<sub>i</sub> as well as for a (possibly different) set of processors of size n-(t+1) with ids higher than i. The input/output of the t+1 simulators have to be a projection of a single original input/output tuple-pair in T. We demonstrate the convenience that the characterization provides, in two ways. First, we prove a new equivalence result: We show that n processes can solve t-resiliently weak renaming with n+(t+1)-2 names, where n>1 and 0<t<n, iff weak-renaming on t+1 processors is wait-free solvable with 2t names. Second, we reproduce the result that the solvability of n-processors tasks, t-resiliently, for t>1 and n>2, is undecidable, by a simple reduction to the undecidability of the wait-free solvability of 3-processors tasks.
Glutamate release by an Na+ load and oxidative stress in nerve terminals: relevance to ischemia/reperfusion

Previously we have reported that oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide exacerbates the effect of an Na+ load in isolated nerve terminals, with a consequence of an ATP depletion, [Ca2+]i and [Na+]i deregulation, and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. In the present study, the release of glutamate in response to a combined effect of an [Na+] load and oxidative stress was measured in isolated nerve terminals over an incubation for 15 min. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (100 µm) had no effect on the release of glutamate, but significantly enhanced the Ca2+‐independent glutamate release induced by a small [Na+] load achieved with 10 µm veratridine. The effect of a larger Na+ load induced by 40 µm veratridine was not further increased by hydrogen peroxide; in contrast the external Ca2+‐dependent glutamate release was completely eliminated by the oxidant under this condition. The effects of oxidative stress superimposed on a Na+ load are consistent with at least two factors: (i) a relatively modest Na+ load induced by veratridine is augmented by H2O2 giving rise to an increased Ca2+‐independent release of glutamate (ii) oxidative stress in combination with a larger Na+ load causes severe ATP depletion limiting the Ca2+‐dependent vesicular glutamate release. Given the concurrent presence of an Na+ load and oxidative stress in ischemia/reperfusion these results indicate that the extent of the Na+ load developing during the ischemic period could determine the release of glutamate induced by an oxidative stress during reperfusion.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF DENGAN BANTUAN TUTOR SEBAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI

Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ( Classroom Action Research) yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar pada Kompetensi Dasar Membuat Jurnal Penyesuaian Siswa Kelas X Akuntansi 1 SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 dengan menerapkan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif dengan Bantuan Tutor Sebaya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif selama dua siklus. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan observasi dan angket. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi siswa adalah secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif dengan Bantuan Tutor Sebaya dapat meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar pada Kompetensi Dasar Membuat Jurnal Penyesuaian Siswa Kelas X Akuntansi 1 SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 yang dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan persentase skor Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi sebesar 11,28% atau diperoleh skor sebesar 74,03% pada siklus I dan meningkat menjadi 85,31% pada siklus II. Selain itu berdasarkan angket yang didistibusikan kepada siswa dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan skor Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi siswa sebesar 4,09% dari skor siklus I 71,51% ke siklus II sebesar 75,60%. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Kooperatif, Tutor Sebaya, Motivasi Belajar Akuntansi
Minocycline attenuates T cell and microglia activity to impair cytokine production in T cell‐microglia interaction

Minocycline, a tetracycline with anti‐inflammatory properties, has been reported to down‐regulate the activity of microglia, whose activation occurs in inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. In these disorders, a T cell component is also evident, and we have demonstrated previously that the interaction of activated T cells with microglia led to the substantial increase in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) levels. Here, we report that minocycline decreases TNF‐α levels produced in human T cell‐microglia interaction. This effect is mediated by a direct action of minocycline on the activated T cells and on microglia, which resulted in the decreased ability of T cells to contact microglia. In correspondence, minocycline decreased the expression on T cells of the CD40 ligand (CD40L), a key molecule regulating the contact‐mediated interaction of T cells with microglia. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of minocycline involves not only microglia but also T cells and their subsequent activation of microglia. The capacity of minocycline to down‐regulate CD40L on T cells may provide a new means to target the CD40‐CD40L pathway, which regulates several inflammatory processes.
The Digital Signature Dilemma: To Preserve or Not to Preserve

Since the mid-1990s, dozens of States, including those of the EU, have reformed their evidence laws so as to grant digital signature technologies the same proof value as handwritten signatures, as a mechanism for proving identity of authorship, consentement to obligations, and integrity of electronic records after their transmission across time and space. Yet, several archival institutions (including the National Archives of Canada, Australia and France) have indicated they have no intention of preserving digitally signed records. This paper presents an overview of the development of digital signatures by the cryptographic research community, and the process of its legal codification as evidence of contractual relations. It argues that the process overlooked the problems induced by the need to preserve digital signatures over the long-term. It presents currently offered solutions to digital signature preservation, suggesting that they are in fact profoundly at odds with the principle of trusted custodianship at the heart of the archival profession.
Social Influence and Collective Action: An Experiment Investigating the Effects of Visibility and Social Information Moderated by Personality

This paper examines experimentally the effects of two forms of social influence — visibility and social information about the contributions of others — on collective action in a step-level public goods game. We find that visibility has an aggregate positive impact on individual contributions, but social information does not. However, both visibility and social information positively affect the overall likelihood of a collective good being funded, implying that social information induces strategic behaviour and more efficient use of resources. Individual difference variables relating to personality and personal values help to explain treatment effects. Social value orientation predicts differential responses to both treatments, while of the ‘Big Five’ personality traits, agreeableness and extraversion help to predict the impact of visibility.
Improved survival of patients with melanoma with an antibody response to immunization to a polyvalent melanoma vaccine

Background. Melanoma vaccine treatment appears to slow the progression of melanoma in some patients, particularly in patients in whom it stimulates cellular antimelanoma immune responses. The relationship of vaccine‐induced antibody responses to clinical outcome is less clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of antibody responses to melanoma vaccine immunization.
Easily instrumenting android applications for security purposes

Novel types of malware on mobile devices have raised researchers interest in implementing static and dynamic techniques for detecting and mitigating malicious behavior of mobile applications. In this hands-on tutorial we will demonstrate and explain different techniques for instrumenting Android applications using the Aspect Bench Compiler (abc) and the program analysis and transformation tool Soot. Through high-level abstractions such as AspectJ aspects and Tracematches, abc supports a declarative style of instrumentation that lends itself to the rapid prototyping of at least simple instrumentation schemes. Soot supports instrumentation in an imperative style, which requires more work but allows more fine-grained control. Both abc and Soot are inter operable, as they instrument the same intermediate program representation. Furthermore, as we show, both can be easily integrated with static program analyses that can be used to specialize instrumentation schemes based on additional information extracted from the static structure of the instrumented app.
Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning for Education and Training September 4 th , 2002

This paper presents an application of case-based reasoning to medical training. It builds on top of a knowledge-based decision-support system: the CARE-PARTNER system. CARE-PARTNER offers via the WWW decision-support assistance to clinicians responsible for the long-term follow-up of stem-cell post-transplant patients. CARE-PARTNER implements a multimodal reasoning framework for the cooperation of case-based reasoning, rule-based reasoning and information retrieval to solve problems. Starting from the knowledge-base, a methodology is proposed here to generate practice cases of different complexity levels from prototypical cases called pathways for medical students to use. An overview of the teaching assistant system architecture is also provided.