Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF DUST IN NGC 891

We produce three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer models of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891, a fast-rotating galaxy thought to be an analog to the Milky Way. The models contain realistic spiral arms and a fractal distribution of clumpy dust. We fit our models to Hubble Space Telescope images corresponding to the B and I bands, using shapelet analysis and a genetic algorithm to generate 30 statistically best-fitting models. These models have a strong preference for spirality and clumpiness, with average face-on attenuation decreasing from 0.24(0.16) to 0.03(0.03) mag in the B(I) band between 0.5 and 2 radial scale-lengths. Most of the attenuation comes from small high-density clumps with low (≲10%) filling factors. The fraction of dust in clumps is broadly consistent with results from fitting NGC 891's spectral energy distribution. Because of scattering effects and the intermixed nature of the dust and starlight, attenuation is smaller and less wavelength-dependent than the integrated dust column density. Our clumpy models typically have higher attenuation at low inclinations than previous radiative transfer models using smooth distributions of stars and dust, but similar attenuation at inclinations above 70°. At all inclinations, most clumpy models have less attenuation than expected from previous estimates based on minimizing scatter in the Tully–Fisher relation. Mass-to-light ratios are higher and the intrinsic scatter in the Tully–Fisher relation is larger than previously expected for galaxies similar to NGC 891. The attenuation curve changes as a function of inclination, with RB, B − I = AB/(E(B − I)) increasing by ∼0.75 from face-on to near-edge-on orientations.
Total reflection and transmission by epsilon-near-zero metamaterials with defects

In this work, we investigate wave transmission through an epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide embedded with defects. We show that by adjusting the geometric sizes and material properties of the defects, total reflection, and even transmission can be obtained, despite the impedance mismatch of epsilon-near-zero material with free space. Our work can greatly simplify the design of zero-index material waveguide applications by removing the dependence on permeability.
DEEP HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING IN NGC 6397: STELLAR DYNAMICS

Multi-epoch observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope provide a unique and comprehensive probe of stellar dynamics within NGC 6397. We are able to confront analytic models of the globular cluster with the observed stellar proper motions. The measured proper motions probe well along the main sequence from 0.8 to below 0.1 M☉ as well as white dwarfs younger than 1 Gyr. The observed field lies just beyond the half-light radius where standard models of globular cluster dynamics (e.g., based on a lowered Maxwellian phase–space distribution) make very robust predictions for the stellar proper motions as a function of mass. The observed proper motions show no evidence for anisotropy in the velocity distribution; furthermore, the observations agree in detail with a straightforward model of the stellar distribution function. We do not find any evidence that the young white dwarfs have received a natal kick in contradiction with earlier results. Using the observed proper motions of the main-sequence stars, we obtain a kinematic estimate of the distance to NGC 6397 of 2.2+0.5− 0.7 kpc and a mass of the cluster of 1.1 ± 0.1 × 105 M☉ at the photometric distance of 2.53 kpc. One of the main-sequence stars appears to travel on a trajectory that will escape the cluster, yielding an estimate of the evaporation timescale, over which the number of stars in the cluster decreases by a factor of e, of about 3 Gyr. The proper motions of the youngest white dwarfs appear to resemble those of the most massive main-sequence stars, providing the first direct constraint on the relaxation time of the stars in a globular cluster of greater than or about 0.7 Gyr.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS, ENSINO E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA: PARALELOS COM O FILME “MUDANÇA DE HÁBITO”

O uso de Tecnologias Digitais (TD) na Educação vai muito além da apropriação de conhecimentos técnicos acerca do funcionamento dos equipamentos. Entender não apenas o processo histórico de evolução tecnológica e a relação do homem com a tecnologia ao longo dos tempos, como também as demandas e subjetividades da contemporaneidade, são fundamentais para compreendermos o contexto atual e, assim, poder explorar melhor as possibilidades das TD na Educação. Neste texto, a partir das ideias de Hall (2006), Kenski (2012), Lemos (2009), Lévy (2010, 2010b), Santaella (2003), Serres (2013) e Veen e Vrakking (2009), e de uma leitura do filme “Mudança de Hábito” (1992), buscamos discutir algumas das necessidades e urgências na formação e na atuação de professoras e professores, especialmente de matemática. Mesmo com o crescimento da pesquisa no campo de formação de professores nos últimos anos, consideramos que algumas barreiras ainda precisam ser superadas para que as TD cumpram seu importante papel também no contexto educacional, a saber: a rigidez das diretrizes nacionais para os cursos de licenciatura, a visão dos próprios professores formadores e o condicionamento ao modelo de educação massiva imposto ao estudante que ingressa no Ensino Superior.
Extend the explanation of transformation optics in metamaterial-modified wireless power transfer system

Based on rigorous scattering theory we establish a systematic methodology for research of metamaterial-modified current-carrying conductors, from which we mathematically demonstrate the explanation of transformation optics could be extended in metamaterial-modified wireless power transfer system, and based on that we could establish a equivalent model. More important, our demonstration reveals that the equivalent model will still be applicable even when TO could not give a direct explanation, as the requirements of complementary media is not satisfied. And numerical results from our methodology as well as COMSOL verified our findings. The demonstration is not under specific frequency, the conclusion could be extended to a broad range of wavelength, and expected to be applicable for active cloak etc.
A Kolmogorov-Smirnov type statistic with application to test for nonlinearity in time series

Denote E[y I x], the conditional expectation of y given x, by qp(x) where y and x are real-valued random variables and let {(yi, x,)}=1 be a sample from (y, x). In order to know whether nonlinearity of cp(x) is significant in this sample, a Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic K. is introduced, and under some very mild conditions the asymptotic distribution of K,, is obtained. In this paper, these results are applied to solve the problems of testing linearity of time series models and regression models.
ATLASGAL --- Complete compact source catalogue: 280\degr\ $ <\ell <$ 60\degr

The APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (ATLASGAL) is the largest and most sensitive systematic survey of the inner Galactic plane in the submillimetre wavelength regime. The observations were carried out with the Large APEX Bolometer Camera (LABOCA), an array of 295 bolometers observing at 870\,$\mu$m (345 GHz). Aim: In this research note we present the compact source catalogue for the 280\degr\ $ <\ell <$ 330\degr\ and 21\degr\ $ <\ell <$ 60\degr\ regions of this survey. Method: The construction of this catalogue was made with the source extraction routine \sex\ using the same input parameters and procedures used to analyse the inner Galaxy region presented in an earlier publication (i.e., 330\degr\ $ <\ell <$ 21\degr). Results: We have identified 3523 compact sources and present a catalogue of their properties. When combined with the regions already published this provides a comprehensive and unbiased database of ~10163 massive, dense clumps located across the inner Galaxy.
A Comparative Study Using DCT, Delta Modulation, and Double Shift Coding for Compressing Electroencephalogram Data

Storing, transferring, and processing high-dimensional electroencephalogram (EGG) signals is a critical challenge. The goal of EEG compression is to remove redundant data in EEG signals. Medical signals like EEG must be of high quality for medical diagnosis. This paper uses a compression system with near-zero Mean Squared Error (MSE) based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and double shift coding for fast and efficient EEG data compression. This paper investigates and compares the use or non-use of delta modulation, which is applied to the transformed and quantized input signal. Double shift coding is applied after mapping the output to positive as a final step. The system performance is tested using EEG data files from the CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database. Compression Ratio (CR) is used to evaluate the compression system performance. The results are encouraging when compared with previous works on the same data samples.
A random walk through Canadian contributions on empirical processes and their applications in probability and statistics

In this article, we present a review of important results and statistical applications obtained or generalized by Canadian pioneers and their collaborators, for empirical processes of independent and identically distributed observations, pseudo‐observations, and time series. In particular, we consider weak convergence and strong approximations results, as well as tests for model adequacy such as tests of independence, tests of goodness‐of‐fit, tests of change point, and tests of serial dependence for time series. We also consider applications of empirical processes of interacting particle systems for the approximation of measure‐valued processes.
Quantum computation via measurements on the low-temperature state of a many-body system

We consider measurement-based quantum computation using the state of a spin-lattice system in equilibrium with a thermal bath and free to evolve under its own Hamiltonian. Any single qubit measurements disturb the system from equilibrium and, with adaptive measurements performed at a finite rate, the resulting dynamics reduces the fidelity of the computation. We show that it is possible to describe the loss in fidelity by a single quantum operation on the encoded quantum state that is independent of the measurement history. To achieve this simple description, we choose a particular form of spin-boson coupling to describe the interaction with the environment, and perform measurements periodically at a natural rate determined by the energy gap of the system. We found that an optimal cooling exists, which is a trade-off between keeping the system cool enough that the resource state remains close to the ground state, but also isolated enough that the cooling does not strongly interfere with the dynamics of the computation. For a sufficiently low temperature we obtain a fault-tolerant threshold for the couplings to the environment.
One-Way Analysis Of Variance

where μj is the mean for the j-th group, and the error terms are iid normal variables with mean zero and homogeneous variance, i.e., ij iid ∼ N(0, σ). The above form of the model is known as the “cell means” model form, given that it explicitly writes each group’s mean using the parameter μj. We could also write the model in the “treatment effects” model form, which decomposes the group’s means such as
THE HIGHEST-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS CANNOT BE DOMINANTLY PROTONS FROM STEADY SOURCES

The bulk of observed ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays could be light or heavier elements and originate from an either steady or transient population of sources. This leaves us with four general categories of sources. Energetic requirements set a lower limit on single-source luminosities, while the distribution of particle arrival directions in the sky sets a lower limit on the source number density. The latter constraint depends on the angular smearing in the skymap due to the magnetic deflections of the charged particles during their propagation from the source to the Earth. We contrast these limits with the luminosity functions from surveys of existing luminous steady objects in the nearby universe and strongly constrain one of the four categories of source models, namely, steady proton sources. The possibility that cosmic rays with energy >8 × 1019 eV are dominantly pure protons coming from steady sources is excluded at 95% confidence level, under the safe assumption that protons experience less than 30° magnetic deflection on flight.
New algorithms for image analysis, compression, and 2-D spectrum estimation in the radon space

New signal/image processing algorithms involving the Radon transform are presented. Algorithms that address computed tomography (CT) are motivated by the desire to process within the Radon space, instead of post-processing a reconstructed image. Algorithms that use the Radon transform as a tool, exploit the properties of the transform to simplify a 2-D processing task. New image-invariants based on the moments of the projections are developed. The notion of moment-patterns in the Radon space is introduced. A method of rendering the moment-patterns invariant to geometric transformations is presented. An alternative descriptor based on the moment-patterns, invariant to geometric transformations as well as contrast, is proposed. Selective reconstruction of objects from noisy projections is considered as an application of the 'instantaneous matched-filter'. It involves a combination of the ideas of detection of an object of known shape and location, and an estimation of the associated parameter. A new approach to binary image compression is proposed, based on a representation of binary objects by a small number of projections. Additional compression is obtained by coding the 1-D non-binary projections. The approach finds applications (i) in CT, involving binary densities, and (ii) as a method of compressing binary images. A new algorithm developed for reconstructing binary images from their projections, turns out to be a variant of the algebraic reconstruction technique. Two-dimensional spectral factorization in the Radon space is discussed, and some new applications are indicated. The theory suggests a new approach to 2-D spectrum estimation using the Radon transform, which is considered in the sequel. Some of the issues associated with the Radon transform of a stationary random field are brought out. A new representation for the Radon transform of a stationary random field (valid upto second-order statistics), is used to study the second-order properties of the transform. Limitations pertaining to the theory and its application to random field data over a finite support, are discussed. A novel approach to spectrum estimation based on the Radon transform of 2-D autocorrelation of the stationary random field data is investigated. Estimation by autoregressive modeling is considered, and an extension to the maximum entropy method is discussed
Transport properties and superconductivity in Ba1-xMxFe2As2 (M=La and K) with double FeAs layers

We synthesized the samples Ba1-xMxFe2As2 (M=La and K) with a ThCr2Si2-type structure. These samples were systematically characterized by resistivity, thermoelectric power (TEP) and Hall coefficient (RH). BaFe2As2 shows an anomaly in resistivity at about 140 K. The substitution of La for Ba leads to a shift of the anomaly to low temperature, but no superconducting transition is observed. Potassium doping leads to the suppression of the anomaly in resistivity and induces superconductivity at 38 K. The Hall coefficient and TEP measurements indicate that the TEP is negative for BaFe2As2 and La-doped BaFe2As2, indicating an n-type carrier; while potassium doping leads to a change of the sign in RH and TEP. It definitely indicates a p-type carrier in the superconducting Ba1-xKxFe2As2 with double FeAs layers, being in contrast to the case of LnO1-xFxFeAs with a single FeAs layer.
Uterine Artery Embolization and Double-J (DJ) Stenting in a Case of Urinary Retention Due to a Massive Cervical Fibroid: A Case Report

In women, the most common solid tumor of the pelvis is a uterine fibroid. A large cervical fibroid can also cause urinary incontinence in women. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with urinary retention that was initially diagnosed as an anterior wall uterine fibroid in the peripheral health center but turned out to be a massive cervical fibroid. After the initial evaluation, it was determined that the cervical fibroid was huge and impacted the pelvis, and there was a possibility of a torrential operative hemorrhage. Thus, preoperative uterine artery embolization (UAE) was performed to prevent intraoperative blood loss, and Double-J (DJ) stenting was performed to avoid ureteric injury. This was followed by a total abdominal hysterectomy, without facing any intraoperative complications. This case demonstrates the importance of proper clinical assessment and the use of skilled interventional radiology procedures such as UAE and DJ stenting in the treatment of a massive cervical fibroid.
Connecting Through Obstruction; Relating Gauge Gravity and String Theory

We consider topological constraints that must be satisfied by formulations of gravitation as a gauge theory. To facilitate the analysis we review and further justify the composite bundle formalism of Tresguerres as a consistent underlying structure capable of incorporating both the local Lorentz and translational degrees of freedom. Identifying an important global structure required by the composite construction, we translate this into conditions on the underlying manifold. We find that in addition to admitting the expected orientability, causality and spin structures, the underlying manifold must also admit a string structure. We take this to imply that even before considerations of quantum consistency, topological considerations of gauge gravity provide a classical motivation for extended degrees of freedom.
Reducing the Purification Period of Congo Red Dye Solution By Using Co-Exposure to Ultraviolet and Green Laser as A Photocatalysit Source

Attempts were made over the years to achieve economic and easy methods for water purification. This could well save time, cost, and earn a good process quality for many countries. This study aims to enhance the purification process parameters for Congo red dye polluted water and introduce a developed methodology with an impact on many associated parameters such as the time for water purification process. The research proposes a method to achieve this time reduction by mixing gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) (prepared by chemical reduction method) with Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) (prepared by sol-gel techniques). The resulting mixture is incorporated into PVA host to synthesize a hard disk used as a purification disk to treat the pollutant water. The pollutant solution was exposed to different light sources to complete the photocatalyst process. In this respect, sunlight, UV ligh, green laser, blue laser, and combined UV light and green laser were used as a photocatalysis sources. Experimental work was conducted to adjust the right mixture and the right combination of light sources. Results were recorded accordingly and showed a significant reduction in the purification time with less than half the standard period when the conventional purification process is used.
Spark range data reduction using a Gauss collocation method

A new method is proposed for reducing spark range data using a Gauss pseudospectral collocation. Existing methods use numerical integration to propagate the differential equation model and its sensitivities forward in time. Here, a collocation method is used to transcribe the differential equations into algebraic ones that are easily solved. Realizing that the auxiliary equations used to find model sensitivities are linear, a second transcription renders a set of linear algebraic equations that solve exactly for the needed sensitivities without iteration. Thus, measurement sensitivities with respect to initial conditions and aerodynamic parameters are easily found through solution of a set of linear algebraic equations. The method is demonstrated on a set of actual data from the M898 155-mm projectile. For models using fixed-plane coordinates, and only the 10 most influential aerodynamic coefficients, the new method produces results that rival established commercial codes in accuracy.
Axial-vector mesons from $\tau\to AP\nu_\tau$ decays

Axial-vector mesons $a_1(1260)$, $f_1(1285)$, $h_1(1170)$, $K_1(1270)$, and $K_1(1400)$ can be produced in semileptonic $\tau\to A P \nu_{\tau}$ decays, where $P$ stands for the pseudoscalar mesons $\pi$ or $K$. We calculate the branching ratios based in a meson dominance model. The exclusive channels $\tau^-\to a_1(1260)^-\pi^0\nu$, $\tau^-\to a_1(1260)^0\pi^-\nu$, and $\tau^-\to h_1(1170)\pi^-\nu$ turn out to be of order ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$, the channel $\tau^-\to f_1(1285)\pi^-\nu$ of order ${\cal O}(10^{-4})$, and channels $\tau^-\to K_1(1270)^-\pi^0\nu$, $\tau^-\to K_1(1270)^0\pi^-\nu$, $\tau^-\to K_1(1400)^-\pi^0\nu$, and $\tau^-\to K_1(1400)^0\pi^-\nu$ of order ${\cal O}(10^{-6})$. These results indicate that the branching ratios could be measured in experiments.
Hierarchical cosmic shear power spectrum inference

We develop a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach for cosmic shear power spectrum inference, jointly sampling from the posterior distribution of the cosmic shear eld and its (tomographic) power spectra. Inference of the shear power spectrum is a powerful intermediate product for a cosmic shear analysis, since it requires very few model assumptions and can be used to perform inference on a wide range of cosmological models a posteriori without loss of information. We show that joint posterior for the shear map and power spectrum can be sampled eectively by Gibbs sampling, iteratively drawing samples from the map and power spectrum, each conditional on the other. This approach neatly circumvents diculties associated with complicated survey geometry and masks that plague frequentist power spectrum estimators, since the power spectrum inference provides prior information about the eld in masked regions at every sampling step. We demonstrate this approach for inference of tomographic shear E-mode, B-mode and EB-cross power spectra from a simulated galaxy shear catalogue with a number of important features; galaxies distributed on the sky and in redshift with photometric redshift uncertainties, realistic random ellipticity noise for every galaxy and a complicated survey mask. The obtained posterior distributions for the tomographic power spectrum coecients recover the underlying simulated power spectra for both E- and B-modes, where the latter are recovered at a level of 1-2 orders of magnitude below the ellipticity noise level.
Analyzing Factors Affecting Purchase Intention of Electric Vehicle in Indonesia; Moderation Role of Personal Innovativeness on Those Factors

Abstract. Electric vehicles as a sustainable innovation have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions and fossil fuels consumption, it is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by burning fossil energy. However, the reality is that until 2021 sales of electric vehicles in Indonesia have not reached the desired target. This study identified the factors that influence consumer intentions to adopt electric vehicles in Indonesia using the Combined Theory Acceptance Model-Theory of Planned Behavior (C-TAM-TPB). The result is perceived usefulness does not directly affect the purchase intention of electric vehicles but can affect indirectly together with perceived of ease of use and price value through attitudes. Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, environmental self-image, price value, and personal innovativeness positively as well as can decrease perceived risk to intention to buy electric vehicle and perceived risks and infrastructure barrier, negatively can affect the intention to buy electric vehicles in Indonesia. Keywords: electric vehicle; consumer behaviour; Theory Acceptance Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, purchase intention