Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength Observations of Dusty Star Formation at Low and High Redshift

If high-redshift galaxies resemble rapidly star-forming galaxies in the local universe, most of the luminosity produced by their massive stars will have been absorbed by dust and reradiated as far-infrared photons that cannot be detected with existing facilities. This paper examines what can be learned about high-redshift star formation from the small fraction of high-redshift galaxies' luminosities that is emitted at accessible wavelengths. We first consider the most basic ingredient in the analysis of high-redshift surveys: the estimation of star formation rates for detected galaxies. Standard techniques require an estimate of the bolometric luminosity produced by their massive stars. We review and quantify empirical correlations between bolometric luminosities produced by star formation and the UV, mid-IR, sub-mm, and radio luminosities of galaxies in the local universe. These correlations suggest that observations of high-redshift galaxies at any of these wavelengths should constrain their star formation rates to within ~0.2-0.3 dex. We assemble the limited evidence that high-redshift galaxies obey these locally calibrated correlations. The second part of the paper assesses whether existing surveys have found the galaxies that host the majority of star formation at high redshift even though they directly detect only a small fraction of the luminosities of individual galaxies. We describe the characteristic luminosities and dust obscurations of galaxies at z ~ 0, z ~ 1, and z ~ 3. After discussing the relationship between the high-redshift populations selected in surveys at different wavelengths, we calculate the contribution to the 850 μm background from each and argue that these known galaxy populations can together have produced the entire observed background. The available data show that a correlation between star formation rate and dust obscuration Lbol,dust/LUV exists at low and high redshift alike. The existence of this correlation plays a central role in the major conclusion of this paper: most star formation at high redshift occurred in galaxies with moderate dust obscurations 1 ≲ Lbol,dust/LUV ≲ 100 similar to those that host the majority of star formation in the local universe and to those that are detected in UV-selected surveys.
Easily testable and fault-tolerant FFT butterfly networks

With the advent of deep submicron very large scale integration technology, the integration of a large fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) network into a single chip is becoming possible. However, a practical FFT chip is normally very big, so effective testing and fault-tolerance techniques usually are required. In this paper, we first propose a C-testable FFT network design. Only 20 test patterns are required to cover all combinational single-cell faults and interconnect stuck-at and break faults for the FFT network, regardless of its size. A spare-row based fault-tolerant FFT network design is subsequently proposed. Compared with previous works, our approach shows higher reliability and lower hardware overhead, and only three bit-level cell types are needed for repairing a faulty row in the multiply-subtract-add module. Also, special cell design is not required to implement the reconfiguration scheme. The hardware overhead for the testable design is low-about 4% for 16-bit numbers, regardless of the FFT network size.
The Effect of Executive Compensation on Firm Performance through the Dot-Com Bubble

This thesis examines firm performance through the dot-com bubble through the lens of executive compensation. Hypotheses based on the theoretical literature of Bolton, Scheinkman and Xiong (2006) as well as Bertrand and Mullainathan (2001) in regards to management compensation in a speculative bubble motivate three regression models with differing market-cap-growth based dependent variables and specific compensation variables. Regression analyses test the models using public compensation and security data from S&P’s Execucomp and Compustat databases. Synthesizing regression results show that stock option vesting schedules and executives’ status on the board of directors may significantly affect firm performance through the dot-com bubble, but more analysis, using more robust data, is necessary to verify either claim.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: Debates, Models and Practices Across Government, Law and Business

Contents: Preface Foreword 1. Corporate Social Responsibility's Contemporary Global Context 2. Concepts and Elements of Corporate Social Responsibility 3. Classic and New Debates About Corporate Social Responsibility 4. Mapping Governmental Frameworks and Roles on Corporate Social Responsibility 5. Charting the Regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Reform 6. Sensitizing Boardroom Obligations to Corporate Social Responsibility 7. Recasting UK Corporate Law for the 21st Century 8. Putting Corporate Social Responsibility into Practice for Business 9. Corporate Social Responsibility's Emerging Human Rights Challenges 10. Advancing the 21st Century Corporate Social Responsibility Agenda References
Sum power minimization in access point selection with superposition coding scheme

How to minimize the sum power is a major concern when allocating multiple users to several access points in a downlink wireless communication system. In this paper, we propose an optimal superposition coding scheme and a very simple sub-optimal scheme. Then, we compare them with time-sharing schemes. Simulation results show that the superposition coding schemes perform much better than the time-sharing schemes because it uses much less transmit power at the same outage probability. In addition, the sub-optimal superposition coding scheme is close to the optimal superposition coding scheme in performance but with a lower complexity.
NBTI performance enhancement with process integration of High Current Fluorine incorporation and O2 gas asher process in 45nm CMOS technology

In common agreement with Negative Bias Temperature instability (NBTI) as a serious Front-end reliability issue, great efforts were made in recent years to investigate NBTI mechanism, characterization techniques and performance improvement. In this work authors focused on device NBTI performance improvement from combined impact of multiple process steps integration relating to SiON/Si interface quality. The effect of process integration of High Current Fluorine incorporation in Source/Drain extension along with O2 gas Asher process for post poly resist strip (PRS) and spacer etch process (SPE) on NBTI performance for thin gate regular Vt transistor and SRAM were investigated. Through our work, we demonstrated that by correctly chosen thermal budget and nitrogen profile, the high current fluorine implantation in S/D extension and O2 gas asher process decrease interface state component of NBTI to greater extent and thus facilitate to achieve enhanced NBTI performance to meet end-of-lifetime specifications.
Tomographic image reconstruction using the cell broadband engine (CBE) general purpose hardware

Tomographic image reconstruction, such as the reconstruction of CT projection values, of tomosynthesis data, PET or SPECT events, is computational very demanding. In filtered backprojection as well as in iterative reconstruction schemes, the most time-consuming steps are forward- and backprojection which are often limited by the memory bandwidth. Recently, a novel general purpose architecture optimized for distributed computing became available: the Cell Broadband Engine (CBE). Its eight synergistic processing elements (SPEs) currently allow for a theoretical performance of 192 GFlops (3 GHz, 8 units, 4 floats per vector, 2 instructions, multiply and add, per clock). To maximize image reconstruction speed we modified our parallel-beam and perspective backprojection algorithms which are highly optimized for standard PCs, and optimized the code for the CBE processor.1-3 In addition, we implemented an optimized perspective forwardprojection on the CBE which allows us to perform statistical image reconstructions like the ordered subset convex (OSC) algorithm.4 Performance was measured using simulated data with 512 projections per rotation and 5122 detector elements. The data were backprojected into an image of 5123 voxels using our PC-based approaches and the new CBE- based algorithms. Both the PC and the CBE timings were scaled to a 3 GHz clock frequency. On the CBE, we obtain total reconstruction times of 4.04 s for the parallel backprojection, 13.6 s for the perspective backprojection and 192 s for a complete OSC reconstruction, consisting of one initial Feldkamp reconstruction, followed by 4 OSC iterations.
RippleTouch: initial exploration of a wave resonant based full body haptic interface

We propose RippleTouch, a low resolution haptic interface that is capable of providing haptic stimulation to multiple areas of the body via a single point of contact actuator. Concept is based on the low frequency acoustic wave propagation properties of the human body. By stimulating the body with different amplitude modulated frequencies at a single contact point, we were able to dissipate the wave energy in a particular region of the body, creating a haptic stimulation without direct contact. The RippleTouch system was implemented on a regular chair, in which, four base range speakers were mounted underneath the seat and driven by a simple stereo audio interface. The system was evaluated to investigate the effect of frequency characteristics of the amplitude modulation system. Results demonstrate that we can effectively create haptic sensations at different parts of the body with a single contact point (i.e. chair surface). We believe RippleTouch concept would serve as a scalable solution for providing full-body haptic feedback in variety of situations including entertainment, communication, public spaces and vehicular applications.
Online Share Trading, Time Constraints and Decision Making: Where less is better

The nature of investing in share markets is undergoing significant changes due to the growth in electronic or online trading. Online trading has meant increased trading by new types of traders, often relatively inexpert. This paper reports a study that investigated whether more active trading by novice traders, meaning reduced decision making time, was associated with lower trading performance. The results of an experiment with 39 novice traders and a simulated online market, using the Financial Trading System of O’Brien and Srivastava (1991), confirmed the hypothesis that time constraints on decision making adversely affected performance. The cognitive abilities of traders were measured with an online instrument, ebilities®, as a control. Higher crystalline intelligence was related to higher performance, though fluid intelligence was not. The results suggest that in online trading, less is not more, and more considered decision making can yield greater returns. Relatively inexpert traders with less well developed cognitive abilities relevant to trading may also be at a disadvantage.
Ectodermal Wnt Function as a Neural Crest Inducer

Neural crest cells, which generate peripheral nervous system and facial skeleton, arise at the neural plate/ectodermal border via an inductive interaction between these tissues. Wnts and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play roles in neural crest induction in amphibians and zebrafish. Here, we show that, in avians, Wnt6 is localized in ectoderm and in vivo inhibition of Wnt signaling perturbs neural crest formation. Furthermore, Wnts induce neural crest from naı̈ve neural plates in vitro in a defined medium without added factors, whereas BMPs require additives. Our data suggest that Wnt molecules are necessary and sufficient to induce neural crest cells in avian embryos.
Pathways for motion analysis: Cortical connections of the medial superior temporal and fundus of the superior temporal visual areas in the macaque

To identify the cortical connections of the medial superior temporal (MST) and fundus of the superior temporal (FST) visual areas in the extrastriate cortex of the macaque, we injected multiple tracers, both anterograde and retrograde, in each of seven macaques under physiological control. We found that, in addition to connections with each other, both MST and FST have widespread connections with visual and polysensory areas in posterior prestriate, parietal, temporal, and frontal cortex. In prestriate cortex, both areas have connections with area V3A. MST alone has connections with the far peripheral field representations of V1 and V2, the parieto‐occipital (PO) visual area, and the dorsal prelunate area (DP), whereas FST alone has connections with area V4 and the dorsal portion of area V3. Within the caudal superior temporal sulcus, both areas have extensive connections with the middle temporal area (MT), MST alone has connections with area PP, and FST alone has connections with area V4t. In the rostral superior temporal sulcus, both areas have extensive connections with the superior temporal polysensory area (STP) in the upper bank of the sulcus and with area IPa in the sulcal floor. FST also has connections with the cortex in the lower bank of the sulcus, involving area TEa. In the parietal cortex, both the central field representation of MST and FST have connections with the ventral intraparietal (VIP) and lateral intraparietal (LIP) areas, whereas MST alone has connections with the inferior parietal gyrus. In the temporal cortex, the central field representation of MST as well as FST has connections with visual area TEO and cytoarchitectonic area TF. In the frontal cortex, both MST and FST have connections with the frontal eye field.
Application of Shape from Shading Algorithm in Wear Debris 3D Surface Shape Recovery

More detailed surface information is included in the three-dimensional surface topography image of wear debris compared with two-dimensional image of wear debris. So it is crucial to conduct wear debris analysis based on 3D surface topography of wear debris. A shape from shading (SFS) algorithm used in the 3D recovery of wear debris is studied in this paper and finally the algorithm is applied in several typical ferrography images. The experimental results show that this algorithm is simple to implement, images recovered are stereoscopic and supply the 3D information for the analysis of wear debris. This method does not need expensive equipments, so it has a high value in engineering field.
A fast and efficient fuzzy color transfer method

Each image has its own color content that greatly influences the perception of human observer. Being able to transfer the color content of an image into another image, while preserving other features, (like texture), opens a new horizon in human-perception-based image processing. In this paper, after a brief review on the few efficient works performed in the field, a novel fuzzy principle component analysis (PCA) based color transfer method is proposed. The proposed method accomplishes the transformation based on a set of corresponding user-selected regions in images along with a blending ratio parameter set by the user. Results show more robustness and higher speed when comparing our proposed method with other available approaches.
THE RELATIONSHIP AND UNDERLYING NEURONAL ACTIVITIES OF CORTICAL AND THALAMIC VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS OF SLEEPING AND WAKING

Flash evoked thalamic field potentials recorded from the lateral geniculate nucleus are compared with corresponding potentials recorded from the surface of the visual cortex. The high similarities in waveforms and temporal characteristics between these potentials, together with an identical modulation by the state of vigilance, supports the assumption that cortical evoked potentials are primarily the reflections of activities originating from thalamocortical fibers. The cortical potentials follow the thalamic response with a delay of 2 msec and have a less detailed character. The difference in amplitudes of the potentials and their reversed polarity can be ascribed to the laminated ’open field’ structure of the cortex and the ’closed field’ structure of the thalamic nucleus. When the underlying neuronal activities of thalamic evoked potentials are studied, it can be inferred that positive waves are associated with neuronal excitations and negative waves with neuronal inhibitions. The state dependent modulation of evoked potentials, whereby larger waves are visible during sleep than during wakefulness, is caused by the effects on the underlying neuronal responses. Intrathalamic inhibitions increase with lower levels of vigilance: the ’tonic’ firing mode of wakefulness is replaced by the ’burst’ firing mode of slow wave sleep. In the latter situation a stimulus causes strong burst-pause synchronizations with large amplitudes in evoked potentials. It is not the amount of evoked activity, being higher during wakefulness than during sleep, but the high synchronizations which seem responsible for the large components in evoked potentials during sleep. Thalamic activities are conveyed to the cortical surface forming field potentials which are measured as cortical evoked potentials by electroencephalographic surface electrodes. In these potentials negative components are presumably caused by excitatory postsynaptic potentials evoked by corticothalamic volleys.
Modeling and Analysis MAC Layer Performance for IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Network in Smart Grid

IEEE 802.11s based wireless mesh networks (WMN) recently have been proposed as an important networking technology to deploy in Smart Grid (SG) for data collection and remote control purposes. In this paper, we focus on modeling and analyzing the MAC layer performance of EDCA for IEEE 802.11s wireless mesh networks in the smart grid, taking into account the impact of hidden nodes and different QoS requirements of smart grid applications. We first develop a new Markov chain model to analyze the back-off process for different applications with hidden nodes problem. Then based on the analytical model, we derive a few MAC layer performance metrics. Finally, the proposed analytical model is validated via comparing the analytical results with simulation results by ns3 in NAN scenarios with various applications.
Generating diverse pools of Steiner trees for VLSI routing

Global routing is an important and time-consuming step in the VLSI design cycle. The interconnection pattern for each set of pins (net) that must be connected is a Steiner tree, and the primary sub-problem in global routing is to find a pool of dissimilar, low-cost Steiner trees. In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm, called stochastic Shrubbery (SS), for constructing a diverse pool of Steiner trees for routing multi-terminal nets. SS has a worst-case run-time complexity of O(E log V) and produces trees with tree length similar to that produced by the popular batched iterated-1-Steiner (Kahng and G. Robins, 1990) algorithm. Most importantly, the trees produced by SS are highly dissimilar, allowing for numerous routing possibilities for each net
Family Matters: The Effects of CEO Parental Status in Family Firms

References Anderson, R. C. and Reeb, D. M. “Founding-Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500. ” The Journal of Finance (2003) 58: 1301–1327. Bennedsen, M. , Nielsen, K.P., and Wolfenzon, D. “The Family Behind the Family Firm: Evidence from Seccessions in Danish Firms. ” Social Science Research Network (2005). Malmendier, U. and Tate, G. “Superstar CEOs. ” The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2009) 124(4): 1593-1638. Miller, D. , Le Breton-Miller, I. , Lester, R.H. , Cannella Jr., A.A. “Are Family Firms Really Superior Performers? ” Journl of Corporate Finance (2007). Perez-Gonalez, F. “Inherited Control and Firm Performance. ” The American Economic Review (2006). Villalonga, B. and Amit, R. “How Do Family Ownership, Control, and Management Affect Firm Value? ” The Journal of Financial Economics (2006) 80(2): 385-417. Yore, A and Nicolosi, G. “”I Do”: Does Marital Status Affect How Much CEOs “Do”? ” The Financial Review (2014) 50(1): 57-87. Aim
Risk assessment of social-media utilization in an enterprise

The purpose of this study contributes to safe improvement in consideration of security in addition to convenience by the social media utilization in the company. The company uses the marketing using social media, but a lot of risks exist. We contribute to safe improvement by performing an example investigation in this study, and doing risk assessment. In this study, in order to extract a risk event, the RBS method was used. And we divided it into next four risk classifications by risk matrix method, "Risk Mitigation", "Risk Avoidance", "Risk Transference", and "Risk Acceptance". As a result, it became clear that it was necessary for the company to take risk measures mainly on "recognition of cost effectiveness", "the countermeasure against blog flaming", and "information leakage measure of employee". It is necessary for the company to take these risks measures from this result with precedence. Based on this, it is believed that the company can utilize social media effectively if the company follows these measures.
Activation of an NLRP3 Inflammasome Restricts Mycobacterium kansasii Infection

Mycobacterium kansasii has emerged as an important nontuberculous mycobacterium pathogen, whose incidence and prevalence have been increasing in the last decade. M. kansasii can cause pulmonary tuberculosis clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Unlike the widely-studied M. tuberculosis, little is known about the innate immune response against M. kansasii infection. Although inflammasome activation plays an important role in host defense against bacterial infection, its role against atypical mycobacteria remains poorly understood. In this report, the role of inflammasome activity in THP-1 macrophages against M. kansasii infection was studied. Results indicated that viable, but not heat-killed, M. kansasii induced caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion in macrophages. The underlying mechanism was found to be through activation of an inflammasome containing the NLR (Nod-like receptor) family member NLRP3 and the adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD). Further, potassium efflux, lysosomal acidification, ROS production and cathepsin B release played a role in M. kansasii-induced inflammasome activation. Finally, the secreted IL-1β derived from caspase-1 activation was shown to restrict intracellular M. kansasii. These findings demonstrate a biological role for the NLRP3 inflammasome in host defense against M. kansasii.
A workflow model based on temporal logic

This work proposes a workflow model based on temporal logic, called TLWS model. This formal model supports the formal specifications for a workflow system, such as the abstraction of activities, the synchronization among activities, and the step-wise refinement design procedure of a workflow. The most important advantage of this model is that it can specify the workflow process and its evolution, which are difficult to be supported by the previous models. Using this model, we have designed a workflow editing tool and are developing an interactive workflow design environment.