Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paramagnetic ion effects on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of transfer ribonucleic acid: assignment of the 15--48 tertiary resonance.

We have studied the effects of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions on the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of pure class 1 transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) species. With 1.2 mM tRNA in the presence of 15 mM MgCl2 discrete paramagnetic effects were observed for Co2+ at concentrations in the range 0.02--0.1 mM and for Mn2+ in the range 0.002--0.01 mM, indicating fast exchange of these cations with tRNA. Both of these cations paramagnetically relax the s4U8--A14 resonance as well as other resonances from proximal base pairs. The Co2+ site appears to be the same site on G15 which was observed crystallographically [Jack, A. , Ladner, J. E. , Rhodes, D. , Brown, R. S. , & Klug, A. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 111, 315-328]; the initially occupied tight Mn2+ site is the cation site involving the phosphate of U8. There are three base pairs within 10 A of both sites, namely, G15--C48, A14--s4U8, and C13--G22; this has led to the assignment of the G15--C48 and C13--G22 resonances in the NMR spectrum [Jack, A. , Ladner, J. E. , Rhodes, D. , Brown, R. S. , & Klug, A. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 111, 315--328; Holbrook, S. R. , Sussman, J. L. , Warrant, R. W. , Church, G. M. , & Kim, Sung-Hou (1977) Nucleic Acids Res. 4, 2811--2820; Quigley, G. J., Teeter, M. M. , & Rich, A. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 64--68].
Ajudas externas à memória na intervenção em pessoas idosas com comprometimento mnésico

Compensation strategies are one of the most effective ways in memory rehabilitation, including internal and external aids as well as environmental adaptations. External aids attach importance to external objects or the environment, in favor of cognitive or behavioral interventions. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficacy and bio-psycho-social indicators associated with the use of external aids, by older people with memory impairment. It was reviewed a variety of scientific studies, mostly in English, with inclusion criteria of intervention for older people with memory impairment. Exclusion criteria included youths or children and assessment of other compensation strategies. The findings presented them as the most commonly used compensatory mechanisms as age goes by, decreasing in dementia. It is concluded that older people should be integrated into training systems, adjusted to mnesic impairment, enhancing stimulation and maintenance of memory and independence.
Reliability of the six-minute walk test after total hip arthroplasty

Background Walking ability is a crucial component of lower extremity function. Assessment of walking after total hip arthroplasty (THA) provides important information about the healing process. Walking endurance, an important functional component of walking, can be reliably measured with the 6-minute walk test (6 mWT). Even though the 6 mWT is commonly used in patients with THA, its reliability has never been reported for this patient population. The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of the test-retest 6 mWT after THA. Methods Thirty-four patients with THA performed two test trials on the same day, separated by a one hour seated rest. To assess reliability, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,1 ), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest real difference (SRD) were calculated. Results The 6 mWT showed a high reliability. The patients walked 3.71 metres more at the end of the second 6 mWT in comparison with the first test. The ICC2,1 (AS95 ), SEM (m), SEM95 (m) and SRD95 (m) were 0.96 (0.92), 3.67, 7.19, and 10.17 m respectively. Conclusions Reliability of the 6 mWT was high in patients with THA. The 6 mWT is a simple and sensitive method to measure the functional performance in patients with THA in the clinical setting. Moreover, clinicians and researchers can use the 6 mWT to quantify even small changes in functional performance after THA.
The Sharing Economy in Computing

The sharing economy has quickly become a very prominent subject of research in the broader computing literature and the in human--computer interaction (HCI) literature more specifically. When other computing research areas have experienced similarly rapid growth (e.g. human computation, eco-feedback technology), early stage literature reviews have proved useful and influential by identifying trends and gaps in the literature of interest and by providing key directions for short- and long-term future work. In this paper, we seek to provide the same benefits with respect to computing research on the sharing economy. Specifically, following the suggested approach of prior computing literature reviews, we conducted a systematic review of sharing economy articles published in the Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library to investigate the state of sharing economy research in computing. We performed this review with two simultaneous foci: a broad focus toward the computing literature more generally and a narrow focus specifically on HCI literature. We collected a total of 112 sharing economy articles published between 2008 and 2017 and through our analysis of these papers, we make two core contributions: (1) an understanding of the computing community's contributions to our knowledge about the sharing economy, and specifically the role of the HCI community in these contributions (i.e.what has been done) and (2) a discussion of under-explored and unexplored aspects of the sharing economy that can serve as a partial research agenda moving forward (i.e.what is next to do).
The Mechanisms by Which Family 10 Glycoside Hydrolases Bind Decorated Substrates*

Endo-β-1,4-xylanases (xylanases), which cleave β-1,4 glycosidic bonds in the xylan backbone, are important components of the repertoire of enzymes that catalyze plant cell wall degradation. The mechanism by which these enzymes are able to hydrolyze a range of decorated xylans remains unclear. Here we reveal the three-dimensional structure, determined by x-ray crystallography, and the catalytic properties of the Cellvibrio mixtus enzyme Xyn10B (CmXyn10B), the most active GH10 xylanase described to date. The crystal structure of the enzyme in complex with xylopentaose reveals that at the +1 subsite the xylose moiety is sandwiched between hydrophobic residues, which is likely to mediate tighter binding than in other GH10 xylanases. The crystal structure of the xylanase in complex with a range of decorated xylooligosaccharides reveals how this enzyme is able to hydrolyze substituted xylan. Solvent exposure of the O-2 groups of xylose at the +4, +3, +1, and -3 subsites may allow accommodation of the α-1,2-linked 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid side chain in glucuronoxylan at these locations. Furthermore, the uronic acid makes hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the enzyme at the +1 subsite, indicating that the sugar decorations in glucuronoxylan are targeted to this proximal aglycone binding site. Accommodation of 3′-linked l-arabinofuranoside decorations is observed in the -2 subsite and could, most likely, be tolerated when bound to xylosides in -3 and +4. A notable feature of the binding mode of decorated substrates is the way in which the subsite specificities are tailored both to prevent the formation of “dead-end” reaction products and to facilitate synergy with the xylan degradation-accessory enzymes such as α-glucuronidase. The data described in this report and in the accompanying paper (Fujimoto, Z., Kaneko, S., Kuno, A., Kobayashi, H., Kusakabe, I., and Mizuno, H. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 9606-9614) indicate that the complementarity in the binding of decorated substrates between the glycone and aglycone regions appears to be a conserved feature of GH10 xylanases.
A two-view approach to constructing user interfaces

This paper describes a system for constructing graphical user interfaces following a two-view paradigm: one view contains a textual representation of the interface in a special-purpose, "little" language, and the other view contains a direct manipulation, interactive editor for the user interface. The user interface can be edited in either view, and the changes are reflected in the other view. The language allows dialog boxes to be expressed in a simple and natural way, and has a well-defined mapping into the interactive editor. A base set of interactors is currently available, but the system can be easily extended with more interactors. We believe this approach to building user interfaces combines the advantages of the direct manipulation, WYSIWYG approach with the advantages of the textual, descriptive approach, and does not suffer from the limitations of either approach.
Electrical impedance analysis in plant tissues : impedance measurement in leaves

Electrical impedance spectra (100 Hz-800 kHz) were measured in leaves of Peperomia obtusifolia L. (a succulent) and Brassica oleracea L. (cabbage). By measuring impedances at three or more inter-electrode distances in a single leaf, electrode impedance and specific tissue impedance were separated. Analysis of impedance data from B. oleracea leaves in relation to an equivalent circuit model showed that leaf development was accompanied by increases in extracellular resistance, cytoplasmic resistance and vacuole interior resistance, together with decreases in plasma membrane capacitance and tonoplast capacitance. After B. oleracea leaves were subjected to a — 6 °C freeze-thaw stress, extracellular resistance, cytoplasmic resistance and vacuole interior resistance decreased, but plasma membrane capacitance and tonoplast capacitance did not change. These results indicate that useful measurements of leaf parameters can be obtained by this technique. Examination of the electrode impedance spectrum showed that electrode insertion produced a damaged collar, 0-4-0-5 mm wide, around the electrode. This was confirmed by visual observation of the damage in P. obtusifolia leaf.
Purification, molecular properties and ontogeny of carbonic anhydrase isozymes. Evidence for A, B and C isozymes in avian and mammalian tissues.

Carbonic anhydrase A from sheep and chicken red skeletal muscles and carbonic anhydrases B and C from chicken intestine and red cells respectively have been isolated in a high state of purity by affinity chromatography. The subunit and native molecular weights of sheep carbonic anhydrase A determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex gel filtration respectively were both approximately 34000. In contrast, carbonic anhydrases A, B and C from chicken exhibited a molecular weight determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis of 30000. The amino acid composition of sheep muscle carbonic anhydrase A was distinct from the B and C isozymes, particularly in basic amino acid content, which was significantly higher for the A isozyme (38 cf. 24–29/mol). The zinc content of sheep carbonic anhydrase A was found to be 0.81 g atom Zn/mol. The specific activities of chicken carbonic anhydrase isozyme differed significantly according to the ratio A:B:C = 1:6:47. In addition, these isozymes differed in their affinities for sulphonamide. Chicken carbonic anhydrase A was approximately 100 times less sensitive to acetazolamide inhibition than the chicken C isozyme. Ontogenetic studies in cats showed carbonic anhydrase C to be the only form of the enzyme present in mid-term fetal animals, with carbonic anhydrase A appearing in muscle in the late stages, and carbonic anhydrase B appearing in caecum within 2 days of birth. The evidence is consistent with previous proposals for a third locus encoding carbonic anhydrase in mammalian and avian species. This isozyme (A) is a monomeric, zinc metalloenzyme, which differs from the extensively studied B and C isozymes of carbonic anhydrase in terms of catalytic efficiency, amino acid composition, molecular weight (in sheep), time of ontogenic appearance, sulphonamide inhibition and tissue distribution.
Extrinsic and intrinsic control by EKLF (KLF1) within a specialized erythroid niche

The erythroblastic island provides an important nutritional and survival support niche for efficient erythropoietic differentiation. Island integrity is reliant on adhesive interactions between erythroid and macrophage cells. We show that erythroblastic islands can be formed from single progenitor cells present in differentiating embryoid bodies, and that these correspond to erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) that first appear in the yolk sac of the early developing embryo. Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF; KLF1), a crucial zinc finger transcription factor, is expressed in the EMPs, and plays an extrinsic role in erythroid maturation by being expressed in the supportive macrophage of the erythroblastic island and regulating relevant genes important for island integrity within these cells. Together with its well-established intrinsic contributions to erythropoiesis, EKLF thus plays a coordinating role between two different cell types whose interaction provides the optimal environment to generate a mature red blood cell.
Green Subsidies in Agriculture: Estimating the Adoption Costs of Conservation Tillage from Observed Behavior (Revised)

Because of payoff uncertainties combined with risk aversion and/or real options, farmers may demand a premium in order to adopt conservation tillage practices, over and above the compensation for the expected profit losses (if any). We propose a method of directly estimating the financial incentives for adopting conservation tillage and distinguishing between the expected payoff and premium of adoption based on observed behavior. We find that the premium may play a significant role in farmers' adoption decisions.
Optimal Bucket Allocation Design of k-ary MKH Files for Partial Match Retrieval

The paper first shows that the bucket allocation problem of an MKH (multiple key hashing) file for partial match retrieval can be reduced to that of a smaller sized subfile, called the remainder of the file. And it is pointed out that the remainder type MKH file is the hardest MKH file for which to design an optimal allocation scheme. The authors then particularly concentrate on the allocation of an important remainder type MKH file; namely, the k-ary MKH file. They present various sufficient conditions on the number of available disks and the number of attributes for a k-ary MKH file to have a perfectly optimal allocation among the disks for partial match queries. Based upon these perfectly optimal allocations, they further present a heuristic method, called the CH (cyclic hashing) method, to produce near optimal allocations for the general k-ary MKH files. Finally, a comparison, by experiment, between the performances of the proposed method and an "ideal" perfectly optimal method, shows that the CH method is indeed satisfactorily good for the general k-ary MKH files.
Lower limb osteoarthritis: biomechanical alterations and implications for therapy

Purpose of reviewTo review the role of biomechanics in the pathogenesis of lower-extremity osteoarthritis and recent advances in biomechanically active intervention strategies for osteoarthritis. Recent findingsThe conventional approach to treating knee osteoarthritis with analgesics and physical therapy has not been shown to alter the natural history of the disease, suggesting that novel strategies are necessary. Progression of lower-extremity osteoarthritis is mediated by aberrant biomechanics, which can be assessed using gait analyses and validated markers of dynamic knee loading such as the peak adduction moment (AddM) and adduction angular impulse (AddImp). Recognition of the mechanical component of osteoarthritis progression has led to intervention strategies that seek to reduce functional loads at the knee, and thereby, potentially, to palliate pain and retard disease progression. SummaryBiomechanically active interventions have been demonstrated to reduce dynamic loading of the knees in patients with osteoarthritis, and are potentially promising strategies to treat symptoms as well as to alter disease progression in osteoarthritis.
The topographical and age distributions of neuroendocrine cells in the normal human appendix

In order to clarify the histogenesis of appendiceal carcinoid tumours, epithelial (ENC) and subepithelial (SNC) neuroendocrine cells were counted at four sites in 50 normal appendices stained by standard argyrophil and argentaffin techniques. In general, ENC were present in similar number at all sites within the appendix, whereas SNC were more numerous at the tip than at the base. The number of ENC was similar throughout life, apart from an increase in one neonate and some elderly patients, whereas SNC were maximal in young adults. Thus, the topographical and age distributions of SNC, but not those of ENC, parallels the topographical and age incidence of appendiceal carcinoid tamours, suggesting that most appendiceal carcinoid tumours arise from SNC rather than ENC.
Non-Coronary Arterial Disease ( V ) Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Renovascular Disease

Correspondence: Dr. V. Riambau. Cirugía Vascular. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. España. increases in our general population in parallel with the increase in life expectancy and the decrease in cardiovascular mortality. Its rupture is the major clinical consequence. Aneurysm rupture is associated with an overall mortality rate of nearly 90%. Rupture is avoided with early surgical resection and prosthetic replacement. However, the mortality with elective treatment is around 5%. More recently, the introduction of endovascular treatment has enabled elective and emergency treatment, with more promising initial results owing to the utilization of this less aggressive technique. Aneurysmal disease mainly affects older men and white smokers. In population-based studies, the Recent technological advances in the diagnosis and therapy of abdominal aortic aneurysm and renovascular disease are continuing to bring about changes in the way patients suffering from these conditions are treated. The prevalence of both these conditions is increasing. This is due to greater life-expectancy in patients with arteriosclerosis, a pathogenetic factor underlying both conditions. The application of diagnostic imaging techniques to non-vascular conditions has led to the early diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clinical suspicion of reno-vascular disease can be confirmed easily using high-resolution diagnostic imaging modalities such as CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. Endovascular intervention is successfully replacing conventional surgical repair techniques, with the result that it may be possible to improve outcome in both conditions using effective and minimally invasive approaches. Future technological developments will enable these endovascular techniques to be applied in the large majority of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm or renovascular disease.
Waveform diversity for SAR ECCM based on random phase and code rate transition

Waveform diversity is considered to be an effective scheme for Electronic counter measures(ECM) jammers. Phase coded waveforms can be easily utilized in this Electronic counter-counter measures(ECCM) technique for conventional radar system, but they tend to suffer from severe losses caused by Doppler effects and may be inadequate to apply for SAR operation. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to generate polyphase codes that can be used for ECM application while Doppler tolerance property is modestly preserved. The proposed RPCR(Random Phase and Code Rate transition) waveforms can be arbitrarily generated having low cross-correlation and are robust to Doppler shift effects. SAR ECCM simulations are performed using the proposed waveforms and the its applications for future SAR mission is discussed.
Adaptive Error Damping in the Vertical Channel of the Ins / Gps / Baro-Altimeter Integrated Navigation System

In the inertial navigation system (INS), the altitude error diverges exponentially, especially in low-cost sensors. To suppress divergence of the altitude error, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and a barometric altimeter (baro-altimeter) are utilized. This paper describes the error dumping of the vertical channel in the integrated navigation system INS/GPS and the baro-altimeter by using the 3 order vertical channel damping loop and the application of the adaptive error damp coefficients. The integration is done with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) with control signals. The characteristics of the proposed model for the integration of the INS, the GPS and the baro-altimeter were analyzed by a computer simulation as well as experimentally, using a vehicle. The results of the analysis show that the navigation solutions of the INS/GPS/Baroaltimeter navigation system could improve the accuracywith the adaptive error control coefficients in the EKF control signal.
Auditory Perceptual Abilities Are Associated with Specific Auditory Experience

The extent to which auditory experience can shape general auditory perceptual abilities is still under constant debate. Some studies show that specific auditory expertise may have a general effect on auditory perceptual abilities, while others show a more limited influence, exhibited only in a relatively narrow range associated with the area of expertise. The current study addresses this issue by examining experience-dependent enhancement in perceptual abilities in the auditory domain. Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, 12 pop and rock musicians and 15 non-musicians were tested in frequency discrimination (DLF), intensity discrimination, spectrum discrimination (DLS), and time discrimination (DLT). Results showed significant superiority of the musician group only for the DLF and DLT tasks, illuminating enhanced perceptual skills in the key features of pop music, in which miniscule changes in amplitude and spectrum are not critical to performance. The next two experiments attempted to differentiate between generalization and specificity in the influence of auditory experience, by comparing subgroups of specialists. First, seven guitar players and eight percussionists were tested in the DLF and DLT tasks that were found superior for musicians. Results showed superior abilities on the DLF task for guitar players, though no difference between the groups in DLT, demonstrating some dependency of auditory learning on the specific area of expertise. Subsequently, a third experiment was conducted, testing a possible influence of vowel density in native language on auditory perceptual abilities. Ten native speakers of German (a language characterized by a dense vowel system of 14 vowels), and 10 native speakers of Hebrew (characterized by a sparse vowel system of five vowels), were tested in a formant discrimination task. This is the linguistic equivalent of a DLS task. Results showed that German speakers had superior formant discrimination, demonstrating highly specific effects for auditory linguistic experience as well. Overall, results suggest that auditory superiority is associated with the specific auditory exposure.