Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comments on the interplay between Anderson localisation and electron-electron interactions

A Hubbard model with randomised site energies is used to investigate electron localisation effect associated with both disorder and electron-electron interactions. The ground-state properties of this system are illustrated in a phase diagram. It is shown that electron localisation dominated by interactions is physically distinct from localisation dominated by disorder. Electrons localised through interactions have antiferromagnetic order (at T=0) and electrons localised primarily by disorder have a spin glass magnetic disorder. In this model, true non-magnetic Anderson localisation is a limiting case which applies only for non-interacting electrons.
Segmentation of Multi-Band Images Using Watershed Arcs

Watershed Arcs Removal for node-weighted graphs method addressed the over-segmentation problem of classical watershed transformation, in a significantly shorter run-time. In this study, a variation of Watershed Arcs Removal is proposed that generates hierarchical partitioning in an edge-weighted graph. In the proposed method, regions are grown from the nodes having high local similarity to find the initial arcs, and neighbouring regions are merged by gradually removing arcs with low local dissimilarity. The arcs to be removed in a level are selected solely from the arc-graph constructed from the existing arcs in the previous level, weighted by their local dissimilarity. In contrast to the node-weighted variation, a strategy is employed here to preserve the critical arcs. Although the proposed method can be effectively applied to any multi-band image by transforming it into an edge-weighted graph, in this study we evaluated its performance particularly in RGB image segmentation.
Review on Spectral asymptotics for the semiclassical Bochner Laplacian of a line bundle

We ﬁrst give a short introduction to the Bochner Laplacian on a Riemannian manifold, and explain why it acts locally as a magnetic Laplacian. Then we review recent results on the semiclassical properties of semi-excited spectrum with inhomogeneous magnetic ﬁeld, including Weyl estimates and eigenvalue asymptotics. These results show under speciﬁc assumptions that the spectrum is well described by a familly of operators whose symbols are space-dependent Landau levels. Finally we discuss the strength and limitations of these theorems, in terms of possible crossings between Landau levels.
The XYZ Conjecture and the FKG Inequality

Consider random variables x1,⋯,xn, independently and uniformly distributed on the unit interval. Suppose we are given partial information, Γ, about the unknown ordering of the x's; e.g., Γ = {x1 < x12, x7 < x5,⋯}. We prove the "XYZ conjecture" (originally due to Ivan Rival, Bill Sands, and extended by Peter Winkler, R. L. Graham, and other participants of the Symposium on Ordered Sets at Banff, 1981) that P(x1<<em>x2|Γ) ≤ P(x1<<em>x2| Γ,x1<<em>x3). The proof is based on the FKG inequality for correlations and shows by example that even when the hypothesis of the FKG inequality fails it may be possible to redefine the partial ordering so that the conclusion of the FKG inequality still holds.
Star formation on galactic scales

Abstract New multi-wavelength data on nearby galaxies are providing a much more accurate and complete observational picture of star formation on galactic scales. Here I briefly report on recent results from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS). These provide new constraints on the frequency and lifetime of deeply obscured star-forming regions in galaxies, the measurement of dust-corrected star formation rates in galaxies, and the form of the spatially-resolved Schmidt law.
Projective indecomposable modules and quivers for monoid algebras

ABSTRACT We give a construction of the projective indecomposable modules and a description of the quiver for a large class of monoid algebras including the algebra of any finite monoid whose principal right ideals have at most one idempotent generator. Our results include essentially all families of finite monoids for which this has been done previously, for example, left regular bands, 𝒥-trivial and ℛ-trivial monoids and left regular bands of groups.
Pterygium Screening and Lesion Area Segmentation Based on Deep Learning

A two-category model and a segmentation model of pterygium were proposed to assist ophthalmologists in establishing the diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. A total of 367 normal anterior segment images and 367 pterygium anterior segment images were collected at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet18, and ResNet50 models were used to train the two-category pterygium models. A total of 150 normal and 150 pterygium anterior segment images were used to test the models, and the results were compared. The main evaluation indicators, including sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve, kappa value, and receiver operator characteristic curves of the four models, were compared. Simultaneously, 367 pterygium anterior segment images were used to train two improved pterygium segmentation models based on PSPNet. A total of 150 pterygium images were used to test the models, and the results were compared with those of the other four segmentation models. The main evaluation indicators included mean intersection over union (MIOU), IOU, mean average precision (MPA), and PA. Among the two-category models of pterygium, the best diagnostic result was obtained using the VGG16 model. The diagnostic accuracy, kappa value, diagnostic sensitivity of pterygium, diagnostic specificity of pterygium, and F1-score were 99%, 98%, 98.67%, 99.33%, and 99%, respectively. Among the pterygium segmentation models, the double phase-fusion PSPNet model had the best results, with MIOU, IOU, MPA, and PA of 86.57%, 78.1%, 92.3%, and 86.96%, respectively. This study designed a pterygium two-category model and a pterygium segmentation model for the images of the normal anterior and pterygium anterior segments, which could help patients self-screen easily and assist ophthalmologists in establishing the diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases and marking the actual scope of surgery.
Appearance and Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Supplements, Eating Disorders Symptoms, Drive for Muscularity, and Sexual Orientation in a Sample of Young Men

In an anonymous online study (N = 824), we investigated the frequency of use of appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) in a sample of young men (15–30 years) in Sweden, along with their self-reported eating disorder (ED) symptoms, drive for muscularity and sexual orientation. A total of 129 participants (16.1%) reported regular use of supplements (at least once a week), including one individual using anabolic steroids (0.1%), while a lifetime use of APEDS was reported by 32.3%. The overlap between those using protein supplements and creatine was large (83.6%). Some symptoms of ED (e.g., dietary restraint, objective binge eating, self-induced vomiting, and excessive exercise) significantly predicted the use of APEDS. In addition, the use of APEDS was significantly predicted by the drive for muscularity. The prediction was stronger for the behavioral component of drive for muscularity (Exponential B = 8.50, B = 2.14, SE = 0.16, p < 0.001, Negelkerke R2 = 0.517) than for its attitudinal component (Exponential B = 1.52, B = 0.42, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001, Negelkerke R2 = 0.088). A significantly larger proportion of those identifying as heterosexual reported using APEDS (34.4%) compared to those identifying themselves as homosexual (25.0%), bisexual (19.2%) or other (23.7%). Overall, our results suggest that the use of APEDS might be more related to the drive for muscularity and sexual orientation than symptoms of ED.
An elementary method of calculating an explicit form of Young measures in some special cases

We present an elementary method of explicit calculation of Young measures for a certain class of functions. This class contains, in particular, functions of a highly oscillatory nature which appear in optimization problems and homogenization theory. In engineering such situation occurs, for instance, in nonlinear elasticity (solid–solid phase transition in certain elastic crystals). Young measures associated with oscillating minimizing sequences gather information about their oscillatory nature and therefore about underlying microstructure. The method presented in this article makes no use of functional analytic tools. There is no need to use a generalized version of the Riemann–Lebesgue lemma and to calculate weak* limits of functions. The main tool is the change of variable theorem. The method applies both to sequences of periodic and nonperiodic functions.
Existence and stability properties of entire solutions to the polyharmonic equation $(-\Delta)^m u=e^u$ for any $m\ge 1$

We study existence and stability properties of entire solutions of a polyharmonic equation with an exponential nonlinearity. We study existence of radial entire solutions and we provide some asymptotic estimates on their behavior at infinity. As a first result on stability we prove that stable solutions (not necessarily radial) in dimensions lower than the conformal one never exist. On the other hand, we prove that radial entire solutions which are stable outside a compact always exist both in high and low dimensions. In order to prove stability of solutions outside a compact set we prove some new Hardy-Rellich type inequalities in low dimensions.
Low noise wideband accelerometer using an inductive displacement sensor

A wideband (dc to 500 Hz) low noise accelerometer has been developed. It makes use of a suspended mass whose displacement relative to the supporting structure is sensed by a linear variable differential transformer. It works both in horizontal and in vertical direction. The electronics is connected to the mechanical structure through 12 m long cables. The spectral sensitivity is 7×10−10 (m/s2)/√Hz below 6 Hz. The accelerometer will be used to perform an inertial damping of the resonances of the suspension of the mirrors in VIRGO, an interferometric antenna for gravitational waves detection.
A Cryptographically Secured Real-Time Peer-to-Peer Multiplayer Framework For Browser WebRTC

P2P(peer-to-peer) multiplayer protocols, such as lockstep and rollback net-code, have historically been the cheaper, direct alternative to the Client-Server model. Recent advances in WebRTC technology raise interesting prospects for independent developers to build serverless, P2P multiplayer games on the browser. P2P has several advantages over the Client-Server model in multiplayer games, such as reduced latency, significantly cheaper servers that only handle handshakes, etc. However, as the browser environment does not allow for third-party anti-cheat software, having a secure protocol that catches potential cheaters is crucial. Furthermore, traditional P2P protocols, such as deterministic lockstep, are unusable in the browser environment because different players could be running the game on different browser engines. This paper introduces a framework called Peercraft for P2P WebRTC games with both security and synchronization. We propose two P2P cheat-proofing protocols, Random Authority Shuffle and Speculation-Based State Verification. Both are built on known secure cryptographic primitives. We also propose a time-based synchronization protocol that does not require determinism, Resynchronizing-at-Root, which tolerates desynchronizations due to browser instability while fixing the entire desynchronization chain with only one re-simulation call, greatly improving the browser game’s performance.
Hydrothermal alteration and corresponding reservoir significance of the Permian Emeishan basaltic lavas, west Sichuan, China

Abstract Reservoir spaces, such as vesicles, ‘secondary’ amygdales, dissolution caverns and geodes, are widely developed in the Emeishan basaltic lavas in the Zhoudaping section, Leshan, west Sichuan, China. The dissolution characteristics, cementation sequences, hydrothermal activity stages, as well as fluid types, and their effects on the reservoir capacity were investigated for each stage. Macroscopically, the dissolution features present as irregular dissolution zones, which are characterised by a light red colour. Microscopically, in the dissolved zone, the cementation-filling minerals are associated with complex fill sequences, such as quartz/laumontite/chlorite–chlorite/saponite–epidote/celadonite–cryptocrystalline chlorite–laumontite/calcite/quartz. The U–Pb geochronology shows that the age of chlorite fill in amygdales is 235.3 ± 19.6 Ma; the coarse-crystalline quartz inside dissolution caverns/geodes, 124.47 ± 5.63 to 123.84 ± 5.63 Ma; and the siliceous mineral-filled amygdales, 118.34 ± 3.70 to 114.08 ± 3.76 Ma, which correspond to the early Late Triassic and the mid–late Early Cretaceous, respectively. Combined with geochemical characteristics of post-dissolution fill, the amygdales are affected by two stages of hydrothermal activity: chlorite filling of the amygdales corresponds to post-magma hydrothermal fluids during the early Late Triassic, and the siliceous mineral-fill in amygdales corresponds to deep-sourced hydrothermal fluids during the mid–late Early Cretaceous. The geodes/dissolution caverns result from a single stage of hydrothermal activity related to the mid–late Early Cretaceous deep-source low-temperature hydrothermal fluid. The Late Triassic post-magma hydrothermal fluids are generally destructive to pores, and tectonic-related dissolution of deep-sourced hydrothermal fluids has a positive effect on the formation of reservoir spaces, greatly enhancing fluid storage and flow capacities of the volcanic lavas. We recommend the multi-stage hydrothermal dissolution during Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous and faults, fractures and columnar joints be the focus of hydrocarbon exploration. KEY POINTS The reservoir spaces developed in the Zhoudaping section, such as amygdales, dissolution caverns and geodes, were controlled by different stages and types of hydrothermal alteration. Amygdales are the product of two hydrothermal events, which correspond to post-magma hydrothermal fluids during the early Late Triassic and the deep-sourced hydrothermal fluids of the mid–late Early Cretaceous. Geodes/dissolution caverns are affected by deep-source low-temperature hydrothermal fluids in the mid–late Early Cretaceous. The multi-stage hydrothermal dissolution during the Late Triassic–Early Cretaceous and faults, fractures and columnar joints should be the focus of hydrocarbon exploration.
Viscoelastic Dynamic Response of Asphalt Pavement in Long Slope Sections

To deeply understand the performance of asphalt pavement in long slope sections, the object of this paper is to obtain the viscoelastic dynamic response of asphalt pavement in long slope sections considering interface bonding conditions. An asphalt pavement model is built, and then for solving the problem, the Laplace-Hankel transformation is used to transfer the partial differential equations to the ordinary differential equations. Transfer matrices are adopted to present the relationship of stress and displacement between the pavement surface and any pavement depth, and a special transfer matrix characterizes the interface bonding condition. By this method, the analytical solution of the stress and displacement at any pavement position is received. After that, an example of asphalt pavement in a long slope section is introduced considering the distribution of stress and displacement, the magnitude of the horizontal load, and the interface bonding strength. The horizontal vehicle load affects the distribution of shear stress τrz in the pavement. The interface bonding strength is more important in long slope sections than in any other normal section of asphalt pavement.
Influence of transitional care on the clinical manifestations among patients with COVID‑19: A single‑center, double‑blinded, randomized survey

Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the major complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Transitional care is indispensable in successfully transitioning patients with COVID-19 from hospital to home and preventing adverse events of this disease. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of transitional care on improvements in inflammation and pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19. Data of all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (n=242) discharged from Mudanjiang Medical University (Mudanjiang, China) between May 2020 and October 2020 were retrospectively collected. Patients with COVID-19 had been hospitalized and assigned to receive transitional care (n=126) or usual care (n=116) and were followed up for 12 months. Hospital stay, inflammation and pulmonary function were compared in patients with COVID-19 between the transitional care and usual care group. Transitional care significantly improved physical symptoms, anxiety, depression and empathy of the patients for other patients affected. Compared to the usual care group, marked improvements in typical symptoms, including dyspnea, asthenia, cough, nausea, chest pain, myalgia, headache, fever, diarrhea, chest pain, dizziness, conjunctivitis, as well as disorders of smell and taste, were observed in the transitional care group. Patients in the transitional care group had a shorter hospital stay than those patients in the usual care group. Furthermore, transitional care decreased inflammation and ameliorated pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19. In conclusion, transitional care has an essential role in the improvement of physical symptoms, inflammation and pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19 [Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) registration no. ChiCTR2200060295; 26.05. 2022].
Tunable synchrotron radiation used to induce γ-emission from the 31 year isomer of 178Hf

A process for transferring energy from electron shells into nuclear excitation, NEET, has offered the promise for modulating nuclear properties at accessible levels of power. It had been proven recently by exciting a nuclear level of 197Au with synchrotron radiation, but measured couplings were far below theoretical objectives. Reported here is an extension of that approach for excitation to 178Hf m2 isomeric nuclei. Isomeric targets were irradiated with X-rays in the beamline BL01B1 at the synchrotron radiation source SPring-8. Energies were tuned from 9 to 13 keV. In this range an excitation branch attributed to NEET was found to have a probability of 2 × 10−3 relative to L-shell photoionization. The resulting emission of exoergic γ-photons was observed from the target at a rate approaching the theoretical maximum.
Platelets’ morphology, metabolic profile, exocytosis, and heterotypic aggregation with leukocytes in relation to severity and mortality of COVID-19-patients

Roles of platelets during infections surpass the classical thrombus function and are now known to modulate innate immune cells. Leukocyte-platelet aggregations and activation-induced secretome are among factors recently gaining interest but little is known about their interplay with severity and mortality during the course of SARS-Cov-2 infection. The aim of the present work is to follow platelets’ bioenergetics, redox balance, and calcium homeostasis as regulators of leukocyte-platelet interactions in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with variable clinical severity and mortality outcomes. We investigated COVID-19 infection-related changes in platelet counts, activation, morphology (by flow cytometry and electron microscopy), bioenergetics (by Seahorse analyzer), mitochondria function (by high resolution respirometry), intracellular calcium (by flow cytometry), reactive oxygen species (ROS, by flow cytometry), and leukocyte-platelet aggregates (by flow cytometry) in non-intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Non-ICU, n=15), ICU-survivors of severe COVID-19 (ICU-S, n=35), non-survivors of severe COVID-19 (ICU-NS, n=60) relative to control subjects (n=31). Additionally, molecular studies were carried out to follow gene and protein expressions of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (ETC) in representative samples of isolated platelets from the studied groups. Our results revealed that COVID-19 infection leads to global metabolic depression especially in severe patients despite the lack of significant impacts on levels of mitochondrial ETC genes and proteins. We also report that severe patients’ platelets exhibit hyperpolarized mitochondria and significantly lowered intracellular calcium, concomitantly with increased aggregations with neutrophil. These changes were associated with increased populations of giant platelets and morphological transformations usually correlated with platelets activation and inflammatory signatures, but with impaired exocytosis. Our data suggest that hyperactive platelets with impaired exocytosis may be integral parts in the pathophysiology dictating severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Youth E-Cigarette Use and Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Waves 3 and 4

Respiratory effects of e-cigarette use among youth are not fully understood. This study investigated the longitudinal association between e-cigarette use and a validated index of functionally important respiratory symptoms among US youth. Data from Waves 3–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study were analyzed. The sample included youth (aged 12–17) without asthma at baseline (Wave 3), who completed a follow-up survey (Wave 4), and were not missing data for analytic variables (n = 3899). Exposure was e-cigarette use status (never, former, or current) at baseline. The outcome was a respiratory symptom index based on responses for seven wheezing items at Wave 4. An index of ≥2 was defined as having functionally important respiratory symptoms. Lagged logistic regression models examined the association between baseline e-cigarette use and functionally important respiratory symptoms at follow-up by combustible tobacco use status (never or ever), and controlling for baseline covariates. At baseline, 13.7% of participants reported former e-cigarette use, and 4.3% reported current use. Baseline e-cigarette use did not increase the odds of having functionally important respiratory symptoms at follow-up regardless of combustible tobacco use status. Future research on larger populations of e-cigarette users with longer follow-up periods will improve our understanding of the respiratory risks associated with e-cigarette use among youth.
A Sequential Approach to the Behrens-Fisher Problem

Abstract This article reexamines the scope of a two-stage methodology for constructing a fixed-width confidence interval for the difference between two independent normal population means. We address directly the problem in a Behrens-Fisher situation, that is, when the variances of the two populations are both unknown and unequal. However, we show that the proposed methodology remains valid when the two variances are equal but unknown. We apply a two-stage procedure to the Behrens-Fisher situation using two approaches. In the first approach, we work with the differences of each observation in the first sample with all observations in the second sample. In the second approach, we work with the differences of paired observations from samples 1 and 2. Next, to overcome the problem of oversampling associated with the two-stage procedures, we apply the bootstrap methodology to modify the two-stage procedures. These methods, with and without bootstrapping, are compared with the help of a large-scale simulation study.