Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterizing internet radio stations at scale

In this paper we build and characterize a large-scale dataset of internet radio streams. More than 25 million snapshots of more than 75 thousand different radio stations were collected from the SHOUTcast service between December 2016 and April 2017. We characterized several attributes of the dataset, such as audience and music genre distributions among radio stations, advertisement and seasonal content dynamics, as well as bit rates and media formats of the radio streams. Finally, we analyzed to which extent these features affect audience size. We hope these and the other findings of our study may provide valuable information for content personalization and better advertisement placement in internet radio streams.
Application of Kalman Filter Method to the Date Processing of GPS Deformation Monitoring

As a dynamic data processing method, Kalman filter is widely applied in deformation monitoring data processing. Kalman filter can effectively remove the noise to extract the real deformation information. It’s a process of anticipation and amendment constantly. In the solution, a new state of the system can be got by the use of new observation values, and it is convenient to the real-time processing of observations. In this paper, GPS deformation monitoring data is processed by recursive Kalman filter. The method works well in eliminating the noise with evident effect, which has certainly profits to processes the monitor data of distortion by GPS .
Ca2+ Release from the Endoplasmic Reticulum of NY-ESO-1–Specific T Cells Is Modulated by the Affinity of TCR and by the Use of the CD8 Coreceptor

Although several cancer immunotherapy strategies are based on the use of analog peptides and on the modulation of the TCR affinity of adoptively transferred T cells, it remains unclear whether tumor-specific T cell activation by strong and weak TCR stimuli evoke different Ca2+ signatures from the Ca2+ intracellular stores and whether the amplitude of Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be further modulated by coreceptor binding to peptide/MHC. In this study, we combined functional, structural, and kinetic measurements to correlate the intensity of Ca2+ signals triggered by the stimulation of the 1G4 T cell clone specific to the tumor epitope NY-ESO-1157–165. Two analogs of the NY-ESO-1157–165 peptide, having similar affinity to HLA-A2 molecules, but a 6-fold difference in binding affinity for the 1G4 TCR, resulted in different Ca2+ signals and T cell activation. 1G4 stimulation by the stronger stimulus emptied the ER of stored Ca2+, even in the absence of CD8 binding, resulting in sustained Ca2+ influx. In contrast, the weaker stimulus induced only partial emptying of stored Ca2+, resulting in significantly diminished and oscillatory Ca2+ signals, which were enhanced by CD8 binding. Our data define the range of TCR/peptide MHC affinities required to induce depletion of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and provide insights into the ability of T cells to tailor the use of the CD8 coreceptor to enhance Ca2+ release from the ER. This, in turn, modulates Ca2+ influx from the extracellular environment, ultimately controlling T cell activation.
Parameters affecting water-hammer wave attenuation, shape and timing—Part 1: Mathematical tools

This two-part paper investigates key parameters that may affect the pressurewaveform predicted by the classical theory ofwater-hammer. Shortcomings in the prediction of pressure wave attenuation, shape and timing originate from violation of assumptions made in the derivation of the classical waterhammer equations. Possible mechanisms that may significantly affect pressure waveforms include unsteady friction, cavitation (including column separation and trapped air pockets), a number of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effects, viscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wall material, leakages and blockages. Engineers should be able to identify and evaluate the influence of these mechanisms, because first these are usually not included in standard water-hammer software packages and second these are often “hidden” in practical systems. Part 1 of the two-part paper describes mathematical tools for modelling the aforementioned mechanisms. The method of characteristics transformation of the classical water-hammer equations is used herein as the basic solution tool. In separate additions: a convolution-based unsteady friction model is explicitly incorporated; discrete vapour and gas cavity models allow cavities to form at computational sections; coupled extended water-hammer and steel-hammer equations describe FSI; viscoelastic behaviour of the pipe-wall material is governed by a generalised Kelvin–Voigt model; and blockages and leakages are modelled as end or internal boundary conditions
What are Their Beliefs? What is Their Approach in Practice? What is the Profile of Their Science Teachers and Professors?

This qualitative study was conducted with six senior student teachers in the field of science to examine the beliefs of student science teachers, their classroom practices, and the profile of their junior high science teachers and the professors in the education department. The data from this study were collected through individual interviews and observations as well as DASST-C. According to the findings of the study, five of the student teachers held to a conceptual model, one held to an exploratory mental model. When the junior high science teachers of these student science teachers were examined, it was found that four employed an explicit approach, one used a conceptual approach and one had an exploratory approach. When the views of the student teachers’ professors in the department of education were examined, most of the faculty members had a teacher-centered approach, but the most popular faculty members employed a student-centered approach. Therefore, we see that the beliefs of the student teachers about the learning-teaching process were passed on from their junior high science teachers and the professors in the education department.
Diagnosing Potentially Preventable Hospitalisations (DaPPHne): protocol for a mixed-methods data-linkage study

Introduction Rates of potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) are used as a proxy measure of effectiveness of, or access to community-based health services. The validity of PPH as an indicator in Australia has not been confirmed. Available evidence suggests that patient-related, clinician-related and systems-related factors are associated with PPH, with differences between rural and metropolitan settings. Furthermore, the proportion of PPHs which are actually preventable is unknown. The Diagnosing Potentially Preventable Hospitalisations study will determine the proportion of PPHs for chronic conditions that are deemed preventable and identify potentially modifiable factors driving these, in order to develop effective interventions to reduce admissions and improve measures of health system performance. Methods and analysis This mixed methods data linkage study of approximately 1000 eligible patients with chronic PPH admissions to one metropolitan and two regional hospitals over 12 months will combine data from multiple sources to assess the: extent of preventability of chronic PPH admissions; validity of the Preventability Assessment Tool (PAT) in identifying preventable admissions; factors contributing to chronic PPH admissions. Data collected from patients (quantitative and qualitative methods), their general practitioners, hospital clinicians and hospital records, will be linked with routinely collected New South Wales (NSW) Admitted Patient Data Collection, the NSW Registry of Births, Death and Marriages death registration and Australian Bureau of Statistics mortality data. The validity of the PAT will be assessed by determining concordance between clinician assessment and that of a ‘gold standard’ panel. Multivariable logistic regression will identify the main predictor variables of admissions deemed preventable, using study-specific and linked data. Ethics and dissemination The NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval. Dissemination mechanisms include engagement of policy stakeholders through a project Steering Committee, and the production of summary reports for policy and clinical audiences in addition to peer-review papers.
Measuring and modeling bipartite graphs with community structure

Network science is a powerful tool for analyzing complex systems in fields ranging from sociology to engineering to biology. This paper is focused on generative models of large-scale bipartite graphs, also known as two-way graphs or two-mode networks. We propose two generative models that can be easily tuned to reproduce the characteristics of real-world networks, not just qualitatively, but quantitatively. The characteristics we consider are the degree distributions and the metamorphosis coefficient. The metamorphosis coefficient, a bipartite analogue of the clustering coefficient, is the proportion of length-three paths that participate in length-four cycles. Having a high metamorphosis coefficient is a necessary condition for close-knit community structure. We define edge, node, and degreewise metamorphosis coefficients, enabling a more detailed understanding of the bipartite connectivity that is not explained by degree distribution alone. Our first model, bipartite Chung-Lu (CL), is able to reproduce real-world degree distributions, and our second model, bipartite block two-level Erd\"os-R\'enyi (BTER), reproduces both the degree distributions as well as the degreewise metamorphosis coefficients. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these models on several real-world data sets.
The Enemy within: Propagation of Aberrant Corticostriatal Learning to Cortical Function in Parkinson’s Disease

Motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease is believed to arise primarily from pathophysiology in the dorsal striatum and its related corticostriatal and thalamostriatal circuits during progressive dopamine denervation. One function of these circuits is to provide a filter that selectively facilitates or inhibits cortical activity to optimize cortical processing, making motor responses rapid and efficient. Corticostriatal synaptic plasticity mediates the learning that underlies this performance-optimizing filter. Under dopamine denervation, corticostriatal plasticity is altered, resulting in aberrant learning that induces inappropriate basal ganglia filtering that impedes rather than optimizes cortical processing. Human imaging suggests that increased cortical activity may compensate for striatal dysfunction in PD patients. In this Perspective article, we consider how aberrant learning at corticostriatal synapses may impair cortical processing and learning and undermine potential cortical compensatory mechanisms. Blocking or remediating aberrant corticostriatal plasticity may protect cortical function and support cortical compensatory mechanisms mitigating the functional decline associated with progressive dopamine denervation.
A Stochastic Model of Multivirus Dynamics

Understanding the spreading dynamics of computer viruses (worms, attacks) is an important research problem, and has received much attention from the communities of both computer security and statistical physics. However, previous studies have mainly focused on single-virus spreading dynamics. In this paper, we study multivirus spreading dynamics, where multiple viruses attempt to infect computers while possibly combating against each other because, for example, they are controlled by multiple botmasters. Specifically, we propose and analyze a general model (and its two special cases) of multivirus spreading dynamics in arbitrary networks (i.e., we do not make any restriction on network topologies), where the viruses may or may not coreside on computers. Our model offers analytical results for addressing questions such as: What are the sufficient conditions (also known as epidemic thresholds) under which the multiple viruses will die out? What if some viruses can "rob” others? What characteristics does the multivirus epidemic dynamics exhibit when the viruses are (approximately) equally powerful? The analytical results make a fundamental connection between two types of factors: defense capability and network connectivity. This allows us to draw various insights that can be used to guide security defense.
Neighborhood Experiences and Community Integration

Abstract This exploratory study examines the social interactional aspect of community integration among persons with psychiatric disabilities. Six focus groups were conducted with 18 mental health consumers in three publicly sponsored community residential programs and 11 staff members providing services to these consumers. Mental health consumers reported both positive and negative experiences in their interactions with community residents. Despite perceived differences between persons with psychiatric disabilities and their neighbors, consumers considered reciprocity and mutual accommodation to be critical for building social relationships in their communities. Mental health providers suggested that social integration can be facilitated by developing independent living and social skills, by overcoming self-stigma and institutional and homeless mindsets, and by having a supportive community of consumers.
Evaluation of reliability of object oriented software system using fuzzy approach

To develop efficient software system, reliability plays major role. Many methods and words have been developed for reliability evaluation. But few of them took consideration of object oriented features. In this paper, fuzzy approach is used to measure the reliability of object oriented software system. It also incorporates CK metrics as input metrics to evaluate the reliability. The result shows that by using given methodology one can select better reliability model among the several available software system.
Discounting Pleasure? Lay Intuitions About the Value of Deferred Hedonic Experience

This research explores the role of discounting as a lay belief that people use to evaluate consumption at different temporal distances. We find that people have an intuition that money in the future is worth less than money in the present, and they apply this intuition uniformly when evaluating future hedonic experiences in terms of monetary value. However, they are less likely to hold such intuitions for relatively unquantifiable measures of value, such as rated enjoyment. Hence future hedonic experiences are not discounted as systematically depending on how the consumption is temporally framed (i.e. consider the immediate or delayed consumption first).
Effect of airway opening manoeuvres on thoraco-abdominal asynchrony in anaesthetized children.

Thoraco-abdominal asynchrony is frequently encountered during inhalation anaesthesia in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy causing an upper airway obstruction. The study goal was to evaluate the impact of different airway opening manoeuvres on thoraco-abdominal asynchrony as a measure of airway obstruction. Thirty anaesthetized children (aged 2-8 yrs; sevoflurane 3% in 50% oxygen/nitrous oxide) were studied prior to elective adenotonsillectomy using respiratory inductance plethysmography to record ribeage and abdominal wave forms as a basis for calculation of the phase angle. Five airway situations were compared: 1) baseline (unsupported mandible); 2) chin lift; 3) chin lift combined with continuous positive airway pressure of 10 cmH2O; 4) jaw thrust; and 5) jaw thrust combined with continuous positive airway pressure of 10 cmH2O. Three children had complete upper airway obstruction at baseline and were excluded from the study. With chin lift, thoraco-abdominal asynchrony improved in three patients, worsened in three patients and was unchanged in 21 patients. Additional continuous positive airway pressure during chin lift did not markedly reduce thoraco-abdominal asynchrony (phase angle 89 +/- 43 , p = 0.33). Jaw thrust resulted in a significant decrease of the phase angle (from 106 +/- 53 at baseline to 65 +/- 49 , p < 0.01); when combined with continuous positive airway pressure, no further effect on thoraco-abdominal asynchrony was found (72 +/- 44). In anaesthetized children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, airway opening manoeuvres have distinct effects on thoraco-abdominal asynchrony. Delivery of continuous positive airway pressure and jaw thrust can be the first airway opening manoeuvres to improve breathing patterns. Chin lift without additional continuous positive airway pressure should be used with caution in these patients because it may convert partial into almost complete airway obstruction.
Using Speech Input for Image Interpretation, Annotation, and Retrieval

This research explores the interaction of textual and photographic information in an integrated text/image database environment. Specifically, three different applications involving the exploitation of linguistic context in vision are presented. Linguistic context is qualitative in nature and is obtained dynamically. By understanding text accompanying images or video, we are able to extract information useful in retrieving the picture and directing an image interpretation system to identify relevant objects (e.g., faces) in the picture. The latter constitutes a powerful technique for automatically indexing images.
Interdependent Encoding of Pitch, Timbre, and Spatial Location in Auditory Cortex

Because we can perceive the pitch, timbre, and spatial location of a sound source independently, it seems natural to suppose that cortical processing of sounds might separate out spatial from nonspatial attributes. Indeed, recent studies support the existence of anatomically segregated “what” and “where” cortical processing streams. However, few attempts have been made to measure the responses of individual neurons in different cortical fields to sounds that vary simultaneously across spatial and nonspatial dimensions. We recorded responses to artificial vowels presented in virtual acoustic space to investigate the representations of pitch, timbre, and sound source azimuth in both core and belt areas of ferret auditory cortex. A variance decomposition technique was used to quantify the way in which altering each parameter changed neural responses. Most units were sensitive to two or more of these stimulus attributes. Although indicating that neural encoding of pitch, location, and timbre cues is distributed across auditory cortex, significant differences in average neuronal sensitivity were observed across cortical areas and depths, which could form the basis for the segregation of spatial and nonspatial cues at higher cortical levels. Some units exhibited significant nonlinear interactions between particular combinations of pitch, timbre, and azimuth. These interactions were most pronounced for pitch and timbre and were less commonly observed between spatial and nonspatial attributes. Such nonlinearities were most prevalent in primary auditory cortex, although they tended to be small compared with stimulus main effects.
Reasoning about multicast in Opportunistic Networks

Mobile computing services are becoming highly personalized and influenced by user location, social attitudes and interests. This trend is often synthesized with the term behavior-awareness. Behavioral services characterize most of the applications of Opportunistic Networks and advocate a single communication paradigm: multicast. Despite that, multicast is less studied than unicast and broadcast. We believe that there is not correspondence between problem relevance and research attention. This paper focuses on the multicast best effort service in opportunistic networks with the aim of better understanding the problem and defining the guidelines for the design of a novel multicast protocol.
A cognitive model of caching by corvids

Caching and recovery of food by corvids is well-studied, but some ambiguous results remain. To help clarify these, we built a computational cognitive model. It is inspired by similar models built for humans, and it assumes that memory strength depends on frequency and recency of use. We compared our model’s behavior to that of real birds in previously published experiments. Our model successfully replicated the outcomes of two experiments on recovery behavior and two experiments on cache site choice. Our ‘virtual birds’ reproduced declines in recovery accuracy across sessions, revisits to previously emptied cache sites, a lack of correlation between caching and recovery order, and a preference for caching in safe locations. The model also produced two new explanations. First, that Clark’s nutcrackers may become less accurate as recovery progresses not due to differential memory for different cache sites, as was once assumed, but due to chance effects. And second, that Western scrub jays may choose their cache sites not on the basis of negative recovery experiences only, as was previously thought, but on the basis of positive recovery experiences instead. Alternatively, both ‘punishment’ and ‘reward’ may be playing a role. We conclude with a set of new insights, a testable prediction, and directions for future work. A version of this chapter previously appeared as: van der Vaart, E. , Verbrugge, R. & Hemelrijk, C.K. (2011). Corvid caching: Insights from a cognitive model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 37, 330 – 340.
A Fast Algorithm for Predicting the Exhaustion and Occupation of Cell Bandwidth Based on Integrated Poisson Mode

Bandwidth is an important parameter in communication field and there have been many estimation algorithms on the bandwidth occupation which gave support to some applications such as bandwidth allocation and resource management. Yet, a parameter, bandwidth exhaustion time, which is so important for administrator to make adjustment in advance when the bandwidth occupation is fluctuating too much, is always neglected by those algorithms. In this article, a new prediction model on cell bandwidth occupation is proposed and corresponding theoretic prediction formula is derived, and further more, a fast dynamic prediction algorithm is introduced. Simulation result shows that the prediction result is precise.
Trading and Returns under Periodic Market Closures

This paper studies how market closures affect investors' trading policies and the resulting return-generating process. It shows that closures generate rich patterns of time variation in trading and returns, including those consistent with empirical findings: (1) U-shaped patterns in the mean and volatility of returns over trading periods, (2) higher trading activity around the close and open, (3) more volatile open-to-open returns than close-to-close returns, (4) higher returns over trading periods than over nontrading periods, (5) more volatile returns over trading periods than over nontrading periods. It also shows that closures can make prices more informative about future payoffs. Copyright The American Finance Association 2000.
SenseSim: An agent-based and discrete event simulator for Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet of Things

This paper presents the concept and the main design aspects of the new sensor network simulator called SenseSim. It is also a tool which can be used for researches on the Internet of Things. In contrast to most of existing simulators in this area, SenseSim does not mainly focus on the wireless communication issues. It has been designed to simulate heterogeneous sensor network as an autonomous system which observes changing phenomena. Moreover, the behavior of the devices can be modified by macroporgramming the network. Both sensors and phenomena can be easily configured. SenseSim uses efficient simulation engine called DisSim and its modular design allows to expand its functionality and interoperate with real devices.