Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional array foci of generalized Fibonacci photon sieves

We present a new kind of photon sieves on the basis of the generalized Fibonacci sequences. The required numbers and locations of axial foci can be designed by generalized Fibonacci photon sieves (GFiPS). Furthermore, the three-dimensional array foci can be controllable and adjustable by the optical path difference scaling factor (OPDSF) when the amplitude modulation is replaced with the phase modulation. Multi-focal technologies can be applied to nano-imaging, THZ, laser communications, direct laser writing, optical tweezers or atom trapping, etc.
A cross-sectional study of Jamaican adolescents’ risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Objectives To compare obese versus non-obese Jamaican adolescents’ risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); and to explore a suitable and economical method of screening for these risk factors in the school settings. Design A descriptive cross-sectional study of adolescents’ risk for T2D and CVD. All the participants were examined at their respective schools. Setting Jamaica, West Indies. Population 276 Jamaican adolescents aged 14–19 years, randomly selected from grades 9 to 12 from 10 high schools on the island and included both boys and girls. All ethnicities on the island were represented. Main outcome measures High fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, family history of obesity, T2D and CVDs, low physical activity, and presence of Acanthosis Nigricans. All blood measures were analysed using the finger prick procedure. Results Waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, Acanthosis Nigricans, total cholesterol, family history of T2D and blood pressure were the strongest predictors of BMI (p=0.001). Over one-third of the participants were overweight. Jamaican adolescent females had a significantly higher number of risk factors and were less physically active than males (p<0.05). Over 80% of participants reported ≥3 risk factors for T2D and CVD. Participants with BMI ≥25 reported five or more risk factors. One-third of the overweight participants were classified with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions Jamaican adolescents are at risk of T2D and CVD. Family history of disease and anthropometric measures identified more participants at risk than did the blood measures. Jamaican adolescent females reported more risk factors for T2D and CVD as compared to males. Collection of this type of data was feasible within the school settings. All data were collected in 1 day per school. Intervention measures are needed to educate Jamaican adolescents to reduce overweight and subsequently the risk factors.
EPR before EPR: a 1930 Einstein–Bohr thought experiment revisited

In 1930, Einstein argued against the consistency of the time–energy uncertainty relation by discussing a thought experiment involving a measurement of the mass of the box which emitted a photon. Bohr seemingly prevailed over Einstein by arguing that Einstein's own general theory of relativity saves the consistency of quantum mechanics. We revisit this thought experiment from a modern point of view at a level suitable for an undergraduate readership and find that neither Einstein nor Bohr was correct. Instead, this thought experiment should be thought of as an early example of a system demonstrating nonlocal ‘EPR’ quantum correlations, five years before the famous Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paper.
WISE J163940.83−684738.6: A Y DWARF IDENTIFIED BY METHANE IMAGING

We have used methane imaging techniques to identify the near-infrared counterpart of the bright Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) source WISE J163940.83−684738.6. The large proper motion of this source (≈3.″0 yr−1) has moved it, since its original WISE identification, very close to a much brighter background star—it currently lies within 1. ″5 of the J = 14.90 ± 0.04 star 2MASS 16394085−6847446. Observations in good seeing conditions using methane-sensitive filters in the near-infrared J band with the FourStar instrument on the Magellan 6.5 m Baade telescope, however, have enabled us to detect a near-infrared counterpart. We have defined a photometric system for use with the FourStar J2 and J3 filters, and this photometry indicates strong methane absorption, which unequivocally identifies it as the source of the WISE flux. Using these imaging observations we were then able to steer this object down the slit of the Folded-port Infrared Echellette spectrograph on a night of 0. ″6 seeing, and so obtain near-infrared spectroscopy confirming a Y0–Y0.5 spectral type. This is in line with the object's near-infrared-to-WISE J3 − W2 color. Preliminary astrometry using both WISE and FourStar data indicates a distance of 5.0 ± 0.5 pc and a substantial tangential velocity of 73 ± 8 km s−1. WISE J163940.83−684738.6 is the brightest confirmed Y dwarf in the WISE W2 passband and its distance measurement places it among the lowest luminosity sources detected to date.
Project-Team ALCOVE Interacting with complex objects in collaborative virtual environment

which does not impose a shared discrete timeline for the simulated objects [12]. The framework may be seen as a multi-agent system where each autonomous agent is a simulated object that can maintain its simulation state and maintain its behavior by checking its environment. Decision schemes are provided to agents allowing them to control their computation time, in order to maintain global synchronization and simulation realism. This thesis also focuses on collision detection frameworks (usually centralized processes) to handle collision detection for autonomous simulated objects.
Adaptive robust optimization with objective uncertainty

In this work, we study optimization problems where some cost parameters are not known at decision time and the decision ﬂow is modeled as a two-stage process within a robust optimization setting. We address general problems in which all constraints (including those linking the ﬁrst and the second stages) are deﬁned by convex functions and involve mixed-integer variables, thus extending the existing literature to a much wider class of problems. We show how these problems can be reformulated using Fenchel duality, allowing to derive an enumerative exact algorithm, for which we prove (cid:15) -convergence in a ﬁnite number of operations. An implementation of the resulting algorithm, embedding a column generation scheme, is then computationally evaluated on two diﬀerent problems, using instances that are derived starting from the existing literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst approach providing results on the practical solution of this class of problems.
Cosmic shear statistics in cosmologies with non-Gaussian initial conditions

We computed the power spectrum of weak cosmic shear in models with non-Gaussian primordial density fluctuations. Cosmological initial condit ions deviating from Gaussianity have recently attracted much attention in the literature, espec ially with respect to their effect on the formation of non-linear structures and because of the bounds that they can put on the inflationary epoch. The fully non-linear matter power spect rum was evaluated with the use of the physically motivated, semi-analytic halo model, where the mass function and linear halo bias were suitably corrected for non-Gaussian cosmologies. In agreement with previous work, we found that a level of non-Gaussianity compatible with CMB bounds and with positive skewness produces an increase in power of the order of a few percent at intermediate scales. We then used the matter power spectrum, together with observationally motivated background source redshift distributions in order to compute the cosmological weak lensing power spectrum. We found that the degree of deviation from the power spectrum of the reference Gaussian model is small compared to the statistical error expected from even future weak lensing surveys. However, summing the signal over a large range of multipoles can beat down the noise, bringing to a significant detection of non-Ga ussianity at the level ofj fNLj ' few tens, when all other cosmological parameters are held fix ed. Finally, we have shown that the constraints on the level of non-Gaussianity can be improved by�20% with the use of weak lensing tomography.
Interleaved and progressive training in multilayer perceptrons

Here we demonstrate that different training schedules can guide even very simple agents to learn fundamentally different task representations which, in turn, affects generalisation. Across multiple independent runs, we trained multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) with 6 different architectures to perform a set of binary discriminations similar in structure to our fMRI task (see Figure 1B). These discriminations were presented either progressively (one after another), or in an interleaved order (see Figures 1C and 1D). We then tested the perceptrons on both explicitly trained (premise) and transitively inferred discriminations.
AN ASYMMETRIC THE

A famous result of Rado characterises those integer matrices A which are partition regular, i.e. for which any ﬁnite colouring of the positive integers gives rise to a monochromatic solution to the equation Ax = 0. Aigner-Horev and Person recently stated a conjecture on the probability threshold for the binomial random set [ n ] p having the asymmetric random Rado property: given partition regular matrices A 1 , . , A r (for a ﬁxed r ≥ 2), however one r -colours [ n ] p , there is always a colour i ∈ [ r ] such that there is an i -coloured solution to A i x = 0. This generalises the symmetric case, which was resolved by R¨odl and Ruci´nski, and Friedgut, R¨odl and Schacht. Aigner-Horev and Person proved the 1-statement of their asymmetric conjecture. In this paper, we resolve the 0-statement in the case where the A i x = 0 correspond to single linear equations. Additionally we close a gap in the original proof of the 0-statement of the (symmetric) random Rado theorem.
On the complete integrability of the periodic quantum Toda lattice

Abstract We prove that the periodic quantum Toda lattice corresponding to any extended Dynkin diagram is completely integrable. This has been conjectured and proved in all classical cases and E 6 {E_{6}} by Goodman and Wallach at the beginning of the 1980s. As a direct application, in the context of quantum cohomology of affine flag manifolds, results that were known to hold only for some particular Lie types can now be extended to all types.
The Efficacy and Safety of Adjuvant Lomustine to Chemotherapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies

Introduction Lomustine is regarded as 1 common anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agent. The efficacy of adjuvant lomustine to chemotherapy remains controversial for recurrent glioblastoma. We conduct this meta-analysis to explore the influence of adjuvant lomustine on treatment efficacy of recurrent glioblastoma. Methods We have searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases through August 2019 and included randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of adjuvant lomustine for recurrent glioblastoma. Results Four randomized controlled trials are included in the meta-analysis. Overall, compared with the control group for recurrent glioblastoma, adjuvant lomustine has no substantial effect on objective response (risk ratio [RR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.93; P = 0.15), complete response (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.26–11.90; P = 0.56), progressive response (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.88–1.99; P = 0.18), median progression-free survival (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.73; 95% CI, −0.65 to 2.11; P = 0.30), or median overall survival (SMD, 0.26; 95% CI, −0.30–0.83; P = 0.36), but results in the increase in 6-month progression-free survival (SMD, 1.71; 95% CI, 0.38–3.04; P = 0.01). There is no increase in grade ≥3 adverse events after adjuvant lomustine treatment (RR, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.84–2.89; P = 0.16) compared with control intervention. Conclusions Adjuvant lomustine to other chemotherapy may provide no obvious benefits for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma.
On the Anomalously Large Extension of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137

The very high energy gamma-ray emission reported from a number of pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) is naturally explained by the inverse Compton scattering of multi-TeV electrons. However, the physical dimensions of some gamma-ray-emitting PWNe significantly exceed the scales anticipated by the standard hydrodynamical paradigm of PWN formation. The most “disturbing” case in this regard is HESS J1825-137, which extends to distances of r ≈ 70 pc from the central pulsar PSR J1826−1334. If the gamma-ray emission is indeed produced inside the PWN, but not by electrons that escaped the nebula and diffuse in the interstellar medium (ISM), the formation of such an anomalously extended plerion could be realized, in a diluted environment with the hydrogen number density . In this paper, we explore an alternative scenario assuming that the pulsar responsible for the formation of the nebula initially had a very short rotation period. In this case, the sizes of both the PWN and the surrounding supernova remnant depend on the initial pulsar period, the braking index, and the ISM density. To check the feasibility of this scenario, we study the parameter space that would reproduce the size of HESS J1825-137. We show that this demand can be achieved if the braking index is small, , and the pulsar birth period is short, . This scenario can reproduce the wind termination position, which is expected at , only in a dense environment with . The requirement of the dense surrounding gas is supported by the presence of molecular clouds found in the source vicinity.
BL LAC OBJECT PKS B1144−379: AN EXTREME SCINTILLATOR

Rapid variability in the radio flux density of the BL Lac object PKS B1144−379 has been observed at four frequencies, ranging from 1.5 to 15 GHz, with the Very Large Array and the University of Tasmania's Ceduna antenna. Intrinsic and line-of-sight effects were examined as possible causes of this variability, with interstellar scintillation best explaining the frequency dependence of the variability timescales and modulation indices. This scintillation is consistent with a compact source 20–40 μas or 0.15–0.3 pc in size. The inferred brightness temperature for PKS B1144−379 (assuming that the observed variations are due to scintillation) is 6.2 × 1012 K at 4.9 GHz, with approximately 10% of the total flux in the scintillating component. We show that scintillation surveys aimed at identifying variability timescales of days to weeks are an effective way to identify the active galactic nuclei with the highest brightness temperatures.
Red Blood Cell Parameters and Their Correlation with Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetic Adult Patients in Eastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes has been proposed to inflict an insult on the hematopoietic milieu marked by changes in hematological indices including red blood cell parameters. Thus, this study aimed to assess the red blood cell parameters and their correlation with glycemic control in type 2 diabetic adult patients in comparison with apparently healthy individuals. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at the chronic illness clinic of Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized University Hospital from May 20 to July 10, 2022. A total of 220 (110 type 2 diabetic patients and 110 controls) study participants were selected by a simple random sampling technique. Five milliliters of venous blood were collected by the vacutainer blood collection technique. Red blood cell parameters and blood glucose levels were determined using UniCel DxH 800 and Biosystems A25 analyzers, respectively. Independent sample t -test and Pearson correlation test were used for the data analysis. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in RBC parameters of T2DM patients and the control group. The mean RBC count, Hgb, Hct (P < 0.001), and MCHC (P = 0.002) in patients with type 2 diabetes was significantly lower than in the control group. However, the mean of RDW was significantly increased in type 2 diabetic patient groups than in the control group (P < 0.001). The mean RBC count, Hct, and Hgb in patients with good glycemic control were significantly higher than the patients with poor glycemic control. Besides, a statistically significant negative correlation was observed between glycemic control and RBC count, Hgb, and Hct level in diabetic patients. Conclusion: In this study, a statistically significant difference was observed in red blood cell parameters of type 2 diabetic patients compared to the control group. A significant negative correlation was noted between glycemic control and RBC parameters in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, evaluation of RBC parameters should be considered for better management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Searching for planetary-mass T-dwarfs in the core of Serpens

We searched for isolated planetary-mass T-dwarfs in the 3Myr old Serpens Core cluster. We performed a deep imaging survey of the central part of this cluster using the WIRCam camera at the CFHT. Observations were performed through the narrow-band CH4_off and CH4_on filters, to identify young T-dwarfs from their 1.6micr methane absorption bands, and the broad-band JHK filters, to better characterize the selected candidates. We complemented our WIRCam photometry with optical imaging data from MegaCam at CFHT and Suprime-Cam at the Subaru telescope and mid-IR flux measurements from the Spitzer c2d Legacy Survey. We report four faint T-dwarf candidates in the direction of the Serpens Core with CH4_on-CH4_off above 0.2 mag, estimated visual extinction in the range 1-9 mag and spectral type in the range T1-T5 based on their dereddened CH4_on-CH4_off colors. Comparisons with T-dwarf spectral models and optical to mid-IR color-color and color-magnitude diagrams, indicate that two of our candidates (ID1 and 2) are background contaminants (most likely heavily reddened low-redshift quasars). The properties of the other two candidates (ID3 and 4) are consistent with them being young members of the Serpens Core cluster, although our analysis can not be considered conclusive. In particular, ID3 may also be a foreground T-dwarf. It is detected by the Spitzer c2d survey but only flux upper limits are available above 5.8 microns and, hence, we can not assess the presence of a possible disk around this object. However, it presents some similarities with other young T-dwarf candidates (SOri70 in the Sigma Ori cluster and CFHTJ0344+3206 in the direction of IC348). If ID3 and 4 belong to Serpens, they would have a mass of a few Jupiter masses and would be amongst the youngest, lowest mass objects detected in a star-forming region so far.
Grover search with lackadaisical quantum walks

The lazy random walk, where the walker has some probability of staying put, is a useful tool in classical algorithms. We propose a quantum analogue, the lackadaisical quantum walk, where each vertex is given l self-loops, and we investigate its effects on Grover’s algorithm when formulated as search for a marked vertex on the complete graph of N vertices. For the discrete-time quantum walk using the phase flip coin, adding a self-loop to each vertex boosts the success probability from 1/2 to 1. Additional self-loops, however, decrease the success probability. Using instead the Shenvi, Kempe, and Whaley (2003) coin, adding self-loops simply slows down the search. These coins also differ in that the first is faster than classical when l scales less than N, while the second requires that l scale less than N2. Finally, continuous-time quantum walks differ from both of these discrete-time examples—the self-loops make no difference at all. These behaviors generalize to multiple marked vertices.
Quantum gravitational Kasner transitions in Bianchi-I spacetime

Due to non-perturbative quantum gravitational effects, the classical big bang singularity is replaced by a quantum big bounce of the mean scale factor in loop quantization of Bianchi-I spacetime. An important issue is to understand various differences in the physical properties of the spacetime across the bounce. We investigate this issue in the context of various geometrical structures, identified by Kasner exponents of the metric, which arise on approach to the singularity in the classical theory. Using effective spacetime description of Bianchi-I model in loop quantum cosmology with dust, radiation and stiff matter, we find that as in the classical theory, geometrical structures such as a cigar or a pancake form, but they are finite and non-singular. Depending on the initial conditions of matter and anisotropies, different geometric structures are possible in the pre- and post-bounce phases in physical evolution. Thus, quantum gravitational effects can cause a Kasner transition in Bianchi-I spacetime, which is not possible at the classical level. Interestingly, we find that not all transitions are allowed at the level of effective dynamics in loop quantum cosmology. We find the selection rules and underlying conditions for all allowed and forbidden transitions. Selection rules suggest that for a given set of initial conditions on anisotropies, occurrence of Kasner transitions follows a distinct pattern, and certain transitions are more favored than others.
Exciting flavored bound states

We study ground and radial excitations of flavor singlet and flavored pseudoscalar mesons within the framework of the rainbow-ladder truncation using an infrared massive and finite interaction in agreement with recent results for the gluon-dressing function from lattice QCD and Dyson-Schwinger equations. Whereas the ground-state masses and decay constants of the light mesons as well as charmonia are well described, we confirm previous observations that this truncation is inadequate to provide realistic predictions for the spectrum of excited and exotic states. Moreover, we find a complex conjugate pair of eigenvalues for the excited $D_{(s)}$ mesons, which indicates a non-Hermiticity of the interaction kernel in the case of heavy-light systems and the present truncation. Nevertheless, limiting ourselves to the leading contributions of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes, we find a reasonable description of the charmed ground states and their respective decay constants.
Energy-momentum distribution of a general plane symmetric spacetime in metric f(R) gravity

In this paper, the exact vacuum solution of a general plane symmetric spacetime is investigated in metric f(R) gravity with the assumption of constant Ricci scalar. For this solution, we have studied the generalized Landau-Lifshitz energy-momentum complex in this theory to determine the energy distribution expressions for some specific f(R) models. Also, we show that these models satisfy the constant curvature condition.
Family of Bell inequalities violated by higher-dimensional bound entangled states

We construct ($d\times d$)-dimensional bound entangled states, which violate, for any $d>2$, a bipartite Bell inequality introduced in this paper. We conjecture that the proposed class of Bell inequalities acts as a dimension witness for bound entangled states: For any $d>2$ there exists a Bell inequality from this class that can be violated with bound entangled states only if their Hilbert space dimension is at least $d\times d$. Numerics supports this conjecture up to $d=8$.