Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techniques for the creation of digital watermarks in sequentialcircuit designs

We present a methodology for the watermarking of synchronous sequential circuits that makes it possible to identify the authorship of designs by imposing a digital watermark on the state transition graph (STG) of the circuit. The methodology is applicable to sequential designs that are made available as firm intellectual property, the designation commonly used to characterize designs specified as structural hardware description languages or circuit netlists. The watermarking is obtained by manipulating the STG of the design in such a way as to make it exhibit a chosen property that is extremely rare in nonwatermarked circuits while, at the same time, not changing the functionality of the circuit. This manipulation is performed without ever actually computing this graph in either implicit or explicit form. Instead, the digital watermark is obtained by direct manipulation of the circuit description. We present evidence that no known algorithms for circuit manipulation can be used to efficiently remove or change the watermark and that the process is immune to a variety of other attacks. We present both theoretical and experimental results that show that the watermarking can be created and verified efficiently. We also test possible attack strategies and verify that they are inapplicable to realistic designs of medium to large complexity.
Recherche d'information sur le VIH/sida et communications sur les soins de santé en Afrique subsaharienne

L’Afrique subsaharienne est la region du monde la plus durement touchee par le sida, qui menace de decimer des populations entieres. Bien qu’elle ne compte que 10% de la population mondiale, la region represente 63% des personnes vivant avec le VIH/sida. Sur les 2,1 millions de deces estimes lies au sida en 2006, 72% d’entre eux ont eu lieu en Afrique (UNAIDS/WHO, 2006). Si l’epidemie s’est stabilisee dans la region, cela signifie seulement que le nombre de personnes nouvellement touchees par le VIH est a peu pres equivalent au nombre de personnes qui meurent du sida.
Performance Comparison of RAODV and MRAODV Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In mobile ad hoc networks, mobile devices wander autonomously for the use of wireless links and dynamically varying network topology. AODV (Ad-hoc on-demand Distance vector routing) is a representative among the most widely studied on-demand ad hoc routing protocols. AODV and most of the on demand ad hoc routing protocols use single route reply along reverse path. Rapid change of topology causes that the route reply could not arrive to the source node, i.e. after a source node sends several route request messages, the node obtains a reply message, especially on high speed mobility. This increases both in communication delay and power consumption as well as decrease in packet delivery ratio. To avoid these problems, a reverse AODV was proposed which tries multiple route replies. The extended AODV is called reverse AODV (R-AODV), which has a novel aspect compared to other on-demand routing protocols on Ad- hoc Networks: it reduces path fail correction messages and obtains better performance than the AODV and other protocols have. In Modified Reverse Ad Hoc On-demand Vector (MRAODV), the route request packet didn't change and it is like as AODV, but rout reply packet must be changed for route stability estimation purpose. By doing this we applied link stability in RAODV for decrease overhead of discovery and maintenance of routing. This protocol also increased the packet delivery ratio in mobile ad hoc networks.
Unstructured intermediate states in single protein force experiments

Recent single‐molecule force measurements on single‐domain proteins have highlighted a three‐state folding mechanism where a stabilized intermediate state ($ {\cal I} $) is observed on the folding trajectory between the stretched state and the native state. Here we investigate on‐lattice protein‐like heteropolymer models that lead to a three‐state mechanism and show that force experiments can be useful to determine the structure of $ {\cal I} $. We have mostly found that $ {\cal I} $ is composed of a core stabilized by a high number of native contacts, plus an unstructured extended chain. The lifetime of $ {\cal I} $ is shown to be sensitive to modifications of the protein that spoil the core. We then propose three types of modifications–point mutations, cuts, and circular permutations–aiming at: (1) confirming the presence of the core and (2) determining its location, within one amino acid accuracy, along the polypeptide chain. We also propose force jump protocols aiming to probe the on/off‐pathway nature of $ {\cal I} $. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deal Size, Acquisition Premia and Shareholder Gains

This study examines the contradictory predictions regarding the association between the premium paid in acquisitions and deal size. We document a robust negative relation between offer premia and target size, indicating that acquirers tend to pay less for large firms, not more. We also find that the overpayment potential is lower in acquisitions of large targets. Yet, they still destroy more value for acquirers around deal announcements, implying that target size may proxy, among others, for the unobserved complexity inherent in large deals. We provide evidence in favor of this interpretation.
Sleep Quality in Chronic Pain Patients

Objective: Chronic pain patients have been reported to complain about poor sleep quality. Research aimed at delineating the predictors of poor sleep has produced conflicting results. Depressive mood and pain severity are the most frequently encountered predictors. This study aimed to find out whether chronic pain patients differed from healthy control subjects who had no pain on subjective sleep quality measures and, if so, which factors contributed most to poorer sleep quality. Method: We compared 40 patients with chronic pain who met inclusion criteria with 40 healthy control subjects on the measures of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression. The predictors of sleep quality were investigated with multiple regression in the pain group. Results: Chronic pain patients had higher scores than did healthy control subjects on the Beck Anxiety Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). At the bivariate level, pain intensity, anxiety, and depression correlated significantly with poorer sleep quality. At the multivariate level, depression was found to be the only significant factor correlating with the quality of sleep, and the model explained 34% of the variance. Conclusions: Chronic pain patients suffer from poor sleep quality—a function of depressed mood rather than pain intensity, duration, or anxiety. However, it is difficult to draw a causal relation in this relatively small sample size. Besides, our study sample comprised a mostly psychiatric population and may not represent the general group of patients with chronic pain.
A CA MODEL OF CULTURE INFORMATION DISSEMINATION IN THE NETWORK ERA AND THE SIMULATION OF ITS DYNAMIC CHARACTER

Through analyzing the characteristics of the culture information dissemination of the network era, the complex network theory is used to study it deeply. It shows that the process of network information dissemination has typical network topology structure. The kind of network structure has both small world and scale-free features, and the self-organization characteristic. On the basis of the features and main influence factors of the network information dissemination, a two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) model is presented to simulate the evolutionary process and dynamics characteristics of the network information dissemination in different conditions. The result shows that the value of the information is the key point that affects the dissemination speed and efficiency. If the value of a key node degree is relatively higher, the role it plays will be more important. The existence of key node is an important reason that the information could spread quickly in network era. The information dissemination in the network has latent and hysteresis quality.
B.i.e.n. International Congress Vouchers and Personal Welfare Accounts

For some time now, the path of the welfare state has appeared to be proceeding constantly uphill without, however, affording those who travel it any clear and nonfragmentary overview of the panorama. The welfare system’s characteristics of real sociality and effective redistributive capacity, rather than mere discriminatively distributive allocation, have been broadly called into question, especially in Italy, not to mention its long-term “sustainability”, an issue on which misgivings have been expressed all over the world due to the international scale of the problem. It is in any case hardly surprising that forms of “rent seeking” and “capture” on the part of reasonably well-to-do classes at the expense of those in real need should generally prove dominant factors in determining the area of effective welfare coverage. These are in
Performance and overhead of semantic cache management

The emergence of query-based online data services and e-commerce applications has prompted much recent research on data caching. This article studies semantic caching, a caching architecture for such applications, that caches the results of selection queries. The primary contribution of this article is to revisit the performance and overhead of semantic caching using a modern database server and modern hardware. Initially, the performance study focuses on simple workloads and demonstrates several benefits of semantic caching, including low overhead, insensitivity to the physical layout of the database, reduced network traffic, and the ability to answer some queries without contacting the server. With moderately complex workloads, careful coding of remainder queries is required to maintain efficient query processing at the server. Using very complex workloads, we demonstrate that semantic caching works well in a range of applications, especially in network-constrained environments.
Visualizing Sentiment Divergence Dynamics in Social Media Through SocialHelix

Social media allow people to express and propagate different opinions, in which people’s sentiments to a subject often diverge when their opinions conflict. An intuitive visualization that allows for unfolding the process of sentiment divergence from the rich and massive social media data will have far-reaching impact in various domains including social, political and economic. In this poster, we propose a visualization system, SocialHelix, to achieve this goal. SocialHelix is a novel visual design which enables users to detect and trace occurring in social media, and to understand when and why conflicts occurred and how they evolved among different social groups. We demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of SocialHelix by conducting in-depth case studies based on Twitter data regarding to the national political debates.
Chern-Simons: Fano and Calabi-Yau

We present the complete classification of smooth toric Fano threefolds, known to the algebraic geometry literature, and perform some preliminary analyses in the context of brane tilings and Chern-Simons theory on M2-branes probing Calabi-Yau fourfold singularities. We emphasise that these 18 spaces should be as intensely studied as their well-known counterparts: the del Pezzo surfaces.
Probability Theory for Pickpockets — ec-PIN Guessing

This abstract briefly describes an algorithm for determining the most likely 4-digit PINs associated with a debit card used at EuroCheque (ec) ATMs. We determine the probability of every PIN based on knowledge of the PIN-generation method and the data on the magnetic stripe. A card thief could use this strategy to optimally select the three PINs that he can try on a stolen card before it will be invalidated. The analysis shows a significant security problem of the PIN-generation algorithm, which allows the presented PIN-guess strategy to achieve a considerably higher success rate than a random guess would. The reader is assumed to be familiar with basic probability theory. The analyzed PIN-generation algorithm has been used by German banks from 1981 until 1997 according to documents available to the author.
Integrity Protocols for Recovering from Distributable Real-Time Thread Failures with Assured Timeliness in Dynamic Systems

We consider the problem of recovering from failures of distributable threads with assured timeliness in dynamic systems with overloads, and node and (permanent/transient) network failures. When a distributable thread encounters a failure that prevents its timely execution, the thread must be terminated. Thread termination involves detecting and aborting thread orphans, and delivering exceptions to the farthest, contiguous surviving thread segment for possible execution resumption. Thread termination operations must optimize system-wide timeliness. We present a scheduling algorithm called HUA and two thread integrity protocols called D-TPR and W-TPR. We show that they bound the orphan cleanup and recovery time with bounded loss of the best-effort property—i.e., high importance threads are always favored over low importance ones (for feasible completion), irrespective of thread urgency. Our implementation experience using the emerging Reference Implementation of Sun’s Distributed Real-Time Specification for Java demonstrates the algorithm/protocols’ effectiveness.
Metal Abundances of KISS Galaxies. III. Nebular Abundances for Fourteen Galaxies and the Luminosity-Metallicity Relationship for H II Galaxies

We report results from the third in a series of nebular abundance studies of emission-line galaxies from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS). Galaxies with coarse metallicity estimates of 12 + log(O/H) less than 8.2 dex were selected for observation. Spectra of 14 galaxies, which cover the full optical region from [O II] λλ3727, 3729 to beyond [S II] λλ6717, 6731, are presented, and abundance ratios of N, O, Ne, S, and Ar are computed. The auroral [O III] λ4363 line is detected in all 14 galaxies. Oxygen abundances determined through the direct electron temperature (Te) method confirm that the sample is metal-poor with 7.61 ≤ 12 + log(O/H) ≤ 8.32. By using these abundances in conjunction with other Te-based measurements from the literature, we demonstrate that H II galaxies and more quiescent dwarf irregular galaxies follow similar metallicity-luminosity (L-Z) relationships. The primary difference is a zero-point shift between the correlations such that H II galaxies are brighter by an average of 0.8 B magnitudes at a given metallicity. This offset can be used as evidence to argue that low-luminosity H II galaxies typically undergo factor of 2 luminosity enhancements, and starbursts that elevate the luminosities of their host galaxies by 2-3 mag are not as common. We also demonstrate that the inclusion of interacting galaxies can increase the scatter in the L-Z relation and may force the observed correlation toward lower metallicities and/or larger luminosities. This must be taken into account when attempting to infer metal abundance evolution by comparing local L-Z relations with ones based on higher redshift samples, since the fraction of interacting galaxies should increase with look-back time.
There Are No Further Counterexamples to S. Piccard's Theorem

In 1977, G. S. Bloom, in the J. Combinatorial Theory, showed that Sophie Piccard's ldquotheoremrdquo had counterexamples for six-mark rulers. Subsequent research into finding additional counterexamples has focused on a variety of computer algorithms, such as searching the space of rulers with relatively few marks in an attempt to find another counterexample. Recent analytic effort has made use of Golomb's ldquopolynomial method,rdquo which made strides in eliminating specific types of rulers which cannot contain counterexamples. The question as to whether other larger length ruler counterexamples exist, however, was left unanswered. In this correspondence, a geometric manipulation of the ldquopolynomial methodrdquo is used to demonstrate that no additional counterexamples are possible.
A Study on Different Mining Operations on RFID Dataset

When the raw data is collected from different users and the sources and managed in a centralized warehouse. Then major problem is to identify the most co-related attributes and information from different sources and maintain them at single source. The work also includes to discard the missing value records and to identify the irrelevant attributes from the different data sources. The presented paper is the study of different dataset filtration approaches such as association mining, apriori algorithm etc. The work is here defined for the RFID data. The work also includes the study of different mining operations on large RFID dataset to perform the cleaning and classification.
Anti-Tumour Effects of a Specific Anti-ADAM17 Antibody in an Ovarian Cancer Model In Vivo

ADAM 17 (TNF-α converting enzyme, TACE) is a potential target for cancer therapy, but the small molecule inhibitors reported to date are not specific to this ADAM family member. This membrane-bound metalloproteinase is responsible for ectodomain shedding of pathologically significant substrates including TNF-α and EGFR ligands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and anti-tumour efficacy of the first specific inhibitor, an anti-human ADAM17 IgG antibody, clone D1(A12). We used intraperitoneal xenografts of the human ovarian cancer cell line IGROV1-Luc in Balb/c nude mice, chosen because it was previously reported that growth of these xenografts is inhibited by knock-down of TNF-α. In vitro, 200 nM D1(A12) inhibited shedding of ADAM17 substrates TNF-α, TNFR1-α, TGF-α, amphiregulin (AREG), HB-EGF and IL-6Rα, from IGROV1-Luc cells, (4.7 nM IC50 for TNF-α shedding). In IGROV1-Luc xenografts in vivo, D1(A12) IgG showed pharmacokinetic properties suitable for efficacy studies, with a single i.p. dose of 10 mg/kg D1(A12) sufficient to maintain IgG plasma and ascites fluid concentrations above 100 nM for more than 7 days. The plasma half life was 8.6 days. Next, an efficacy study was performed, dosing D1(A12) or anti-human TNF-α antibody infliximab at 10 mg/kg q7d, quantifying IGROV1-Luc tumour burden by bioluminescence. D1(A12) IgG showed a significant reduction in tumour growth (p = 0.005), 56% of vehicle control. Surprisingly, D1(A12) did not reduce the concentration of circulating human TNF-α, suggesting that another enzyme may compensate for inhibition of ADAM17 in vivo (but not in vitro). However, D1(A12) did show clear pharmacodynamic effects in the mice, with significant inhibition of shedding from tumour of ADAM17 substrates TNFR1-α, AREG, and TGF-α (4–15-fold reductions, p<0.0001 for all three). Thus, D1(A12) has anti-ADAM17 activity in vivo, inhibits shedding of EGFR ligands and has potential for use in EGF ligand-dependent tumours.
Sparse based similarity measure for mono-modal image registration

Similarity measure is an important key in image registration. Most traditional intensity-based similarity measures (e.g., SSD, CC, MI, and CR) assume stationary image and pixel by pixel independence. Hence, perfect image registration cannot be achieved especially in presence of spatially-varying intensity distortions and outlier objects that appear in one image but not in the other. Here, we suppose that non stationary intensity distortion (such as Bias field or Outlier) has sparse representation in transformation domain. Based on this as-sumption, the zero norm (ℓ0)of the residual image between two registered images in transform domain is introduced as a new similarity measure in presence of non-stationary inten-sity. In this paper we replace ℓ0 norm with ℓ1 norm which is a popular sparseness measure. This measure produces accurate registration results in compare to other similarity measure such as SSD, MI and Residual Complexity RC.
The Copper Metabolism MURR1 Domain Protein 1 (COMMD1) Modulates the Aggregation of Misfolded Protein Species in a Client-Specific Manner

The Copper Metabolism MURR1 domain protein 1 (COMMD1) is a protein involved in multiple cellular pathways, including copper homeostasis, NF-κB and hypoxia signalling. Acting as a scaffold protein, COMMD1 mediates the levels, stability and proteolysis of its substrates (e.g. the copper-transporters ATP7B and ATP7A, RELA and HIF-1α). Recently, we established an interaction between the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and COMMD1, resulting in a decreased maturation and activation of SOD1. Mutations in SOD1, associated with the progressive neurodegenerative disorder Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), cause misfolding and aggregation of the mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) protein. Here, we identify COMMD1 as a novel regulator of misfolded protein aggregation as it enhances the formation of mSOD1 aggregates upon binding. Interestingly, COMMD1 co-localizes to the sites of mSOD1 inclusions and forms high molecular weight complexes in the presence of mSOD1. The effect of COMMD1 on protein aggregation is client-specific as, in contrast to mSOD1, COMMD1 decreases the abundance of mutant Parkin inclusions, associated with Parkinson’s disease. Aggregation of a polyglutamine-expanded Huntingtin, causative of Huntington’s disease, appears unaltered by COMMD1. Altogether, this study offers new research directions to expand our current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying aggregation disease pathologies.
The impact of decadal‐scale Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomalies on Sahelian rainfall and the North Atlantic Oscillation

The sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the tropical Indian Ocean show a pronounced warming since the 1950s. We have analyzed the impact of this warming on Sahelian rainfall and on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) by conducting ensemble experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. Additionally, we investigate the impact of the other two tropical oceans on these two climate parameters. Our results suggest that the warming trend in the Indian Ocean played a crucial role for the drying trend over the West Sahel from the 1950s to 1990s and may also have contributed to the strengthening of the NAO during the most recent decades.
COOPERATIONS AND FEDERATIONS OF TRADERS IN AN INFORMATION MARKET

We observe the increasing value of information in o ur society. A consequence is the development of an information market, where the "product" information is dealt un der the law of supply and demand. In this paper, we present a trading service for an information market, which as sists in the location and selection of appropriate providers for the special demand of a customer. One main idea describ d in this paper is to increase the efficiency of t he single traders by cooperations and federations of traders. We show t e realisation of our approach in an agent platfo rm for a market of scientific literature.