Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of experienced secondary science teachers' beliefs about inquiry: An examination of competing belief sets

The purpose of this study was to investigate the beliefs of six experienced high school science teachers about (1) what is successful science learning; (2) what are the purposes of laboratory in science teaching; and (3) how inquiry is implemented in the classroom. An interpretive multiple case study with an ethnographic orientation was used. The teachers' beliefs about successful science learning were substantively linked to their beliefs about laboratory and inquiry implementation. For example, two teachers who believed that successful science learning was deep conceptual understanding, used verification labs primarily to illustrate these concepts and used inquiry as a type of isolated problem-solving experience. Another teacher who believed that successful science learning was enculturation into scientific practices used inquiry-based labs extensively to teach the practices of science. Tension in competing beliefs sets and implications for reform are discussed. 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 936-960, 2004.
Regional coal companies environmental control model in large-scale system

Considering the environmental benefit of eliminating the pollution of coal enterprises has regional cumulative effects, we use the principle of large-scale system to establish regional coal companies economic coordination control model, and make an empirical study as the coal industry in Henan Province. The conclusion is that the environmental economic development level of the coal industry in Henan Province upgrade continually especially in the “Eleventh Five-Year” period, but taking into account energy efficiency, resource recovery rate, the level of coal mining mechanization, and the actual situation of widespread small coal mines, Henan coal industry is still relatively serious waste of energy and energy saving and emission reduction pressure is still larger.
Context as a Factor of Self-Regulated Learning in Higher Education

This study analyzes the influence that the environment has on developing self-regulated learning in university students as well as the teacher’s accountability for learning to teach. It describes the results of an ongoing study, which have been obtained by observing class documents and ongoing classes in the school of Medicine of a private Argentinean university. The analysis was based on the model offered by Grounded Theory Approach; its purpose was to elaborate a theoretical frame than can enhance understanding of how the connection between teacher and student happens, what teaching strategies are used in the classroom to forward the development of AAR and what characteristics the self regulated process undertaken in class have. The study concludes that both student and teacher must acknowledge their positions and understand the characteristics of the context on which they are in order to generate better learning.
A wide-band active-RC filter with a fast tuning scheme for wireless communication receivers

The paper presents the design of a wide-band active-RC filter with a fast tuning circuit for wireless communication receiver applications. The filter topology is the 5/sup th/-order Chebyshev-II lowpass filter type and the programmable bandwidth can be extended up to 10MHz while the stopband attenuation larger than 40dB is obtained. The successive approximation register (SAR) scheme is incorporated for a prompt on-chip tuning operation that should be needed for compensating RC variations. The filter is fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m standard digital CMOS technology and dissipates 20.7mW for a supply voltage of 1.8V. The measured 3/sup rd/-order harmonic input intercept point (IIP3) is larger than 32dBm.
Collective Bargaining and Professional Associations in the Library Field

This article readdresses the issue, prominent in the literature a decade ago, of the viability of the American Library Association (ALA) as a quasi-union. It highlights the concerns raised in the debate over whether ALA should accept the role of collective bargaining agent for librarians. Although ALA chose not to accept that role, three professional associations in other fields (the American Nurses Association, the National Education Association, and the American Association of University Professors) did become quasi-unions. The experiences of these organizations are studied to ascertain the impact of collective bargaining activities. Although earlier articles postulated that ALA would lose membership and prestige by rejecting collective bargaining, this study found no such results. In fact, problems predicted by opponents of collective bargaining did occur within the professional associations that became quasi-unions. It is therefore concluded that ALA's decision was consonant with its statement of purpose and professional goals.
Personality traits, loneliness, and attitudes toward aloneness in adolescence

Within a dual-level model of personality, loneliness, and attitudes toward aloneness can be regarded as phase-specific adaptations that are influenced by personality traits. Therefore, we examined the associations between personality traits (i.e., the Big Five, sociotropy, and autonomy), loneliness, and attitudes toward aloneness in two samples of late adolescents (N = 1388 and N = 419). A specific pattern of associations was found that replicated across samples. Lower scores on agreeableness and stronger concerns about independence (i.e., greater autonomy) were positive predictors of both peer-related and parent-related loneliness. Extraversion was a predictor of lower affinity for and greater aversion to aloneness. The other personality traits were predictors of a particular type of loneliness or a specific attitude toward aloneness.
Inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD cascade mitigates the anti-neurogenic effects of the carbamate pesticide carbofuran

The widely used carbamate pesticide carbofuran causes neurophysiological and neurobehavioral deficits in rodents and humans and therefore poses serious health hazards around the world. Previously, we reported that gestational carbofuran exposure has detrimental effects on hippocampal neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons from neural stem cells (NSC), in offspring. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for carbofuran-impaired neurogenesis remain unknown. Herein, we observed that chronic carbofuran exposure from gestational day 7 to postnatal day 21 altered expression of genes and transcription factors and levels of proteins involved in neurogenesis and the TGF-β pathway (i.e. TGF-β; SMAD-2, -3, and -7; and SMURF-2) in the rat hippocampus. We found that carbofuran increases TGF-β signaling (i.e. increased phosphorylated SMAD-2/3 and reduced SMAD-7 expression) in the hippocampus, which reduced NSC proliferation because of increased p21 levels and reduced cyclin D1 levels. Moreover, the carbofuran-altered TGF-β signaling impaired neuronal differentiation (BrdU/DCX+ and BrdU/NeuN+ cells) and increased apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. Blockade of the TGF-β pathway with the specific inhibitor SB431542 and via SMAD-3 siRNA prevented carbofuran-mediated inhibition of neurogenesis in both hippocampal NSC cultures and the hippocampus, suggesting the specific involvement of this pathway. Of note, both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that TGF-β pathway attenuation reverses carbofuran's inhibitory effects on neurogenesis and associated learning and memory deficits. These results suggest that carbofuran inhibits NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation by altering TGF-β signaling. Therefore, we conclude that TGF-β may represent a potential therapeutic target against carbofuran-mediated neurotoxicity and neurogenesis disruption.
A Post-modern Turn in Policing: Policing as Pastiche?

Abstract This paper evaluates the contention that a number of developments in late modern times will serve to undermine the role of the police. The thesis that the public police are operating in the context of a hollowed-out moral order and according to post-modern versions of authority and subjectivity is challenged. It is contended that this version of policing today is one which relies on a top-down synthesis which does not pay adequate attention to the continuities of policing from the ground-up. From the point of view of the ‘low culture’ of the craft, high modern reflections on policing are just catching up to the pragmatism and realism which ethnographies on the police have been pointing out for almost half a century.
Advanced Light Material Interaction for Direct Volume Rendering

In this paper we present a heuristic approach for simulating advanced light material interactions in the context of interactive volume rendering. In contrast to previous work, we are able to incorporate complex material functions, which allow to simulate reflectance and scattering. We exploit a common representation of these material properties based on spherical harmonic basis functions, to combine the achieved reflectance and scattering effects with natural lighting conditions, i. e. , incorporating colored area light sources. To achieve these goals, we introduce a modified SH projection technique, which is not just tailored at a single material category, but adapts to the present material. Thus, reflecting and scattering materials as assigned trough the transfer function can be captured in a unified approach. We will describe the required extensions to the standard volume rendering integral and present an approximation which allows to realize the material effects in order to achieve interactive frame rates. By exploiting a combination of CPU and GPU processing, we are able to modify material properties and can change the illumination conditions interactively. We will demonstrate the outcome of the proposed approach based on renderings of real-world data sets and report the achieved computation times.
Credit Building in IDA Programs

Objective: This article reports on the impact of the Individual Development Account (IDA) program on credit. Method: Using a convenience sample of IDA participants (N = 165), data were analyzed using paired sample t tests, independent sample t test, one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U Tests, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests. Results: Results indicate that participants improved their credit history and score, as compared with nonparticipants, and those who completed the program within a year experienced the most positive change in credit score. Conclusion: IDAs facilitate improvement in credit score and history.
Plagiarism, cultural diversity and metaphor—implications for academic staff development

Plagiarism is a complex, culturally loaded concept which causes much anxiety for both academics and students. Exactly what constitutes plagiarism is dependent on a number of contextual factors. Despite the difficulties associated with defining and detecting plagiarism, it is said to be on the increase, and students from ‘other cultures’ are frequently highlighted as being perpetrators of this crime against the academic community of enlightened Western scholars. Metaphors of war and battle are common in the discourse of plagiarism which also has clear links to the discourse of Orientalism as described by Edward Said. The paper argues that it is time to change the metaphor and to see teaching to avoid plagiarism as an intercultural encounter rather than a battle that needs to be won. It discusses the implications of viewing plagiarism as a culturally constructed concept and describes four Focus Areas for academic staff development designed to create an academic culture that deters plagiarism by encouraging recognition of and engagement with cultural diversity.
Eye Movements , Strabismus , Amblyopia , and Neuro-Ophthalmology Horizontal and Vertical Optokinetic Eye Movements in Macaque Monkeys With Infantile Strabismus : Directional Bias and Crosstalk

Citation: Ghasia F, Tychsen L. Horizontal and vertical optokinetic eye movements in macaque monkeys with infantile strabismus: directional bias and crosstalk. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:265–274. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12330 PURPOSE. Optokinetic eye movements stabilize gaze by tracking motion of the visual scene during sustained movement of a creature’s body. The purpose of this study was to describe vertical and horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in nonhuman primates (NHPs) with normal binocular vision, and to compare their responses to NHPs with binocular maldevelopment induced by prism-rearing. METHODS. Optical strabismus was created in infant macaques (n 1⁄4 6) by fitting them with prism goggles. The goggles were removed after 3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks to determine the effects of increasing durations of binocular noncorrespondence. Infant NHPs (n 1⁄4 2) reared wearing plano goggles served as controls. OKN was evoked by horizontal or vertical stripe motion. Eye movements were recorded by using binocular search coils.
Fast and Robust Support Recovery for Compressive Sensing with Continuous Alphabet

In this paper, we consider the compressive sensing (CS) problem in the presence of noise. The problem is to recover a K-sparse signal s ∈ R from noisy linear measurements y = As+w. We propose the Fast-Continuous algorithm with large fraction recovery guarantee and full recovery guarantee. Specifically, with high probability, to recover an arbitrarily large fraction of the support of the sparse signal, the algorithm uses Θ(K log(n) log log(n)) samples and Θ(K log(n)) computational cost, where r > 0 is an arbitrarily small constant. The sample and time complexities are almost order optimal. To recover the full support, the algorithm uses sample and time complexities Θ(K log(K) log(n) log log(n)) and Θ(K log(K) log(n)), respectively. With a mild technical assumption, our algorithm can have Θ(K log(n)) sample and time complexities for the large fraction recovery and Θ(K log(K) log(n)) sample and time complexities for the full support recovery. The design of measurements and the recovery algorithm are based on sparse graph codes. The main contribution of our algorithm compared with previous CS algorithms based on sparse graph codes is that our algorithm relax the assumption that the non-zero elements of the sparse signal lie in finite constellation points, i.e., we allow the non-zero elements taking continuous-valued real numbers. The algorithm that we propose also provides a general framework for the sparse-graph-code based algorithms in other problems such as compressive phase retrieval and sparse covariance estimation to work with continuous-valued signals.
The Quest for Spectacle Independence: A Comparison of Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implants and Pseudophakic Monovision for Patients with Presbyopia

ABSTRACT We performed a literature review comparing multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with pseudophakic monovision to treat presbyopia. Multifocal IOLs utilize refractive or diffractive principles to treat both distance and near vision, with a single lens implant. Monovision uses traditional monofocal lens implants to treat the dominant eye for emmotropia, and the non-dominant eye for myopia. This planned anisometropia is designed to enhance intermediate or near vision. Generally, distance vision was similar with both types of lens implantation, near vision was better with multifocal IOLs, and intermediate vision appeared to be better in the monovision group. For patients requiring cataract surgery, both multifocal IOLs and monovision appear to address presbyopia with a high level of patient satisfaction. More patients reported complete spectacle independence with multifocal IOLs, but more glare and halos were reported by multifocal IOL patients as well.
Nuclear Egress and Envelopment of Herpes Simplex Virus Capsids Analyzed with Dual-Color Fluorescence HSV1(17+)

ABSTRACT To analyze the assembly of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) by triple-label fluorescence microscopy, we generated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and inserted eukaryotic Cre recombinase, as well as β-galactosidase expression cassettes. When the BAC pHSV1(17+)blueLox was transfected back into eukaryotic cells, the Cre recombinase excised the BAC sequences, which had been flanked with loxP sites, from the viral genome, leading to HSV1(17+)blueLox. We then tagged the capsid protein VP26 and the envelope protein glycoprotein D (gD) with fluorescent protein domains to obtain HSV1(17+)blueLox-GFPVP26-gDRFP and -RFPVP26-gDGFP. All HSV1 BACs had variations in the a-sequences and lost the oriL but were fully infectious. The tagged proteins behaved as their corresponding wild type, and were incorporated into virions. Fluorescent gD first accumulated in cytoplasmic membranes but was later also detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Initially, cytoplasmic capsids did not colocalize with viral glycoproteins, indicating that they were naked, cytosolic capsids. As the infection progressed, they were enveloped and colocalized with the viral membrane proteins. We then analyzed the subcellular distribution of capsids, envelope proteins, and nuclear pores during a synchronous infection. Although the nuclear pore network had changed in ca. 20% of the cells, an HSV1-induced reorganization of the nuclear pore architecture was not required for efficient nuclear egress of capsids. Our data are consistent with an HSV1 assembly model involving primary envelopment of nuclear capsids at the inner nuclear membrane and primary fusion to transfer capsids into the cytosol, followed by their secondary envelopment on cytoplasmic membranes.
The role of linguistic perception in later phonological development

ABSTRACT This study tested the hypothesis that certain sound substitutions in older, normally developing children are perceptually based substitutions, typified by poor discrimination, while others are phonetic substitutions – phonemic distinctions that are maintained by the child in a phonetically non-adult fashion. The perception and production of English voiceless fricatives in twelve normally developing monolingual children aged 3;2–5;6 was investigated using a picture-pointing task, audio recordings, and acoustic analysis. Results include significant correlations between production and perception scores for /θ/ but not /s/ and significant acoustic differences in substitutions of [θ] for /s/ (versus productions of [θ] for /θ/) but not in substitutions of [f] or [s] for /θ/. It is suggested that substitutions for /θ/, with the correlated poor discrimination, may indicate a non-adult phonemic representation, while substitutions for /s/ tend to have a motoric basis in older children. Stages in the acquisition of /θ/ are hypothesized.
Risks of Plastic Debris: Unravelling Fact, Opinion, Perception, and Belief

Researcher and media alarms have caused plastic debris to be perceived as a major threat to humans and animals. However, although the waste of plastic in the environment is clearly undesirable for aesthetic and economic reasons, the actual environmental risks of different plastics and their associated chemicals remain largely unknown. Here we show how a systematic assessment of adverse outcome pathways based on ecologically relevant metrics for exposure and effect can bring risk assessment within reach. Results of such an assessment will help to respond to the current public worry in a balanced way and allow policy makers to take measures for scientifically sound reasons.
Assessing business-school students' attitude towards business ethics: a study from India

Ethics in business is an issue that has long received substantial attention. Business schools (b-schools) differ significantly in the degree to which the dealing of subjects in their curriculum is coordinated. Introducing ethics courses into the b-school curriculum has been advocated for some time now in India. It is imperative to analyse the attitude of b-school students towards business ethics. The present study focuses on examining the difference in students’ attitude towards business ethics based on gender, age and work experience. The study reveals that individual characteristic and knowledge of a course in ethics did not significantly affect students’ attitudes.
Defragging Computer/Videogame Implementation and Assessment in the Social Studies

Students in this post-industrial technological age require opportunities for the acquisition of new skills, especially in the marketplace of innovation. A pedagogical strategy that is becoming more and more popular within social studies classrooms is the use of computer and video games as enhancements to everyday lesson plans. Computer/video games provide a rich experience for students when synthesizing information to solve a problem, a critical element in higher-order thinking and democratic processes. Particular computer/video games today support social studies content and cognitive processes that elicit the option for students to experience history in a hands-on and authentic fashion in which they solve problems and feel immersed in the learning process (Devlin-Scherer and Sardone 2010). This current exploration highlights research in video/computer game implementation and assessment best practices and twenty-first-century social studies education best practices. In addition, this exploration provides a practical roadmap for social studies teachers to implement and assess their students prior, during, and after gameplay in the face-to-face and online classroom.
Spectator motives for attending professional women's tennis events: linking marketing and Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

The major purpose of this study was to assess spectator motives for attending a major event on the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tour, and to determine whether spectator motives varied by gender and other relevant variables. Several hypotheses derived from Maslow's (1970) hierarchy of needs theory, as well as from theories of social class and consumer behaviour, were tested. It was found that spectator motives varied significantly by gender, social class, and by whether spectators were active participants in the sport of tennis. The implications of these findings for marketing professional women's sports are examined.
Modulation of BK Channel Gating by the β2 Subunit Involves Both Membrane-Spanning and Cytoplasmic Domains of Slo1

Large-conductance, Ca2+- and voltage-sensitive K+ (BK) channels regulate neuronal functions such as spike frequency adaptation and transmitter release. BK channels are composed of four Slo1 subunits, which contain the voltage-sensing and pore-gate domains in the membrane and Ca2+ binding sites in the cytoplasmic domain, and accessory β subunits. Four types of BK channel β subunits (β1–β4) show differential tissue distribution and unique functional modulation, resulting in diverse phenotypes of BK channels. Previous studies show that both the β1 and β2 subunits increase Ca2+ sensitivity, but different mechanisms may underline these modulations. However, the structural domains in Slo1 that are critical for Ca2+-dependent activation and targeted by these β subunits are not known. Here, we report that the N termini of both the transmembrane (including S0) and cytoplasmic domains of Slo1 are critical for β2 modulation based on the study of differential effects of the β2 subunit on two orthologs, mouse Slo1 and Drosophila Slo1. The N terminus of the cytoplasmic domain of Slo1, including the AC region (βA–αC) of the RCK1 (regulator of K+ conductance) domain and the peptide linking it to S6, both of which have been shown previously to mediate the coupling between Ca2+ binding and channel opening, is specifically required for the β2 but not for the β1 modulation. These results suggest that the β2 subunit modulates the coupling between Ca2+ binding and channel opening, and, although sharing structural homology, the BK channel β subunits interact with structural domains in the Slo1 subunit differently to enhance channel activity.