Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemometric analysis of first order chemical data

This thesis considers issues related to the multivariate analysis and calibration of chemical data collected in a vector format (one–way data). The work is designed to facilitate the task of the analytical chemist, focusing on methods of maximizing the amount of information that can be obtained by multivariate modeling from full sets of data generated by instruments or experiments. It is shown that more complex problems can be solved using a multivariate modeling methodology than by using the traditional univariate approach. The thesis is based on five papers that address different aspects of the multivariate analysis of one-way data, organized in a two-way matrix, with the aid of various chemometric techniques. The methodologies used cover variance analysis, predictive modeling, compression and alignment of data expressed as responses from various types of analytical instruments. The instrumental techniques used to acquire the chemical data considered in the thesis include Near Infrared (NIR), Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-VIS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Other types of data (e.g. FT-IR and GC signals) are also used for testing different solution spaces to different problems that has been encountered. Paper I. In the work described in Paper I, NIR reflectance data and multivariate calibration are used for building calibration models predicting yield, kappa number, Klason lignin, glucose, xylose and uronic acid contents in birch chips sampled during controlled Kraft digestion. The combination of NIR reflectance and multivariate calibration models predicts the descriptors well. Paper II. In the work described in Paper II, UV-VIS spectrometry and multivariate calibration are used to determine the nitrate ( 3 NO ) concentration in municipal wastewater. The method is based on scanned spectra of calibration samples measured as raw, unfiltered wastewater. The proposed method has a working range of 0.5-13.7 mg/l with a relative error of 3.4%. The method can also be used for the determination of total phosphorous, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and iron.
On Necessary Conditions for Secure Distributed Computation

What assumptions are required to achieve an unconditionally secure distributed circuit evaluation in a fully connected network? This question was addressed with respect to the allowed number of malicious players [BGW, CCD, RB], given that every channel is unconditionally secure. In this paper we investigate whether the security of all channels is also a necessary condition. [BGW, CCD] showed how secure computation can be achieved, provided that a constant fraction of the total number of players is honest. An insecure channel can be modeled as faults on both ends of the channel. Thus, as long as the number of such \faulty" players is smaller then the fraction established in [BGW, CCD], the channels can be made insecure. However, an insecure channel seems to be a much weaker fault than a corruption of both players. Thus, can a bigger fraction of insecure channels be tolerated? In this paper we show that this is not the case. That is, we show that in some cases the perfect security of multi-party protocols in a fully connected network requires all the channels to be physically secure. In particular, we show a simple protocol (for three parties) for which if privacy of even one channel is compromised, the protocol can not be computed securely. Thus, we establish that the security of all channels is not only su cient (by the work of [BGW, CCD]), but also necessary . The lower bound holds even if players follow the protocol. That is, we establish our impossibility result even if all the players are honest but curious | if they follow the protocol exactly, but try to extract additional information \on the side". Thus, our result gives a pure security perspective of the impossibility. An additional feature of our result is its extreme simplicity, which is usually hard to come by for the lower bound proofs. AMS(MOS) Subject Classi cation: 68M10, 68P25, 68Q05. MIT Lab. for Computer Science Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail to: \raf@theory.lcs. mit.edu". Part of this work was done while the author was at the IBM Research, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598. IBM Research, T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598. E-mail to: \moti@ibm.com".
Activated CD34-Derived Langerhans Cells Mediate Transinfection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Langerhans cells (LCs) are a subset of dendritic cells (DCs) that reside within epidermal and mucosal tissue. Because of their location, LCs are potentially the first cells to encounter human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during sexual transmission. We report that LCs purified from CD34+-derived DCs can facilitate the transinfection of target cells but only after activation. Virions were observed in an intracellular compartment that contains several tetraspanins, in addition to the unique LC markers langerin and CD1a. This reveals that the trafficking of HIV within LCs is reminiscent of that which occurs in mature monocyte-derived DCs and that it varies with the activation state of the cell. The observation that activated LCs can mediate transinfection suggests a potential role for these cells in the known increase in HIV transmission associated with sexually transmitted infections that would cause inflammation of the genital lining.
Airway management in severe post-burn contracture of the neck using Airtraq: A case series

Burns due to a variety of reasons are an important medico-social issue in developing countries, including India. Patients with chronic contracture of the neck and face following burns are among the most common patients visiting plastic and cosmetic surgery clinics in our hospital for reconstruction procedures. The airway management in these patients is difficult and challenging because of restricted neck movements and reduced mouth opening due to this fixed flexion deformity of the neck. Securing the airway in a timely and effective manner is a priority in these patients. The options are limited, and range from awake fibreoptic to release of contractures under ketamine anaesthesia. [1] Certain newer airway devices are presently available and have been used to facilitate airway management in difficult situations. There has been no case series available on the use of Airtraq in post-burn contractures of the neck and face. The Airtraq® optical laryngoscope is a recently introduced airway device to facilitate tracheal intubation in patients with both normal and difficult airways. The Airtraq® is anatomically shaped and standard Endotracheal tubes of all sizes can be used [Figure 1]. We report a series of five cases with severe contracture of the face and neck presenting with difficult airway, as these patients presented with, specifically, fixed flexion deformity of the neck and distortion of the mouth opening and were successfully intubated using Airtraq®.
Posttranslational Modifications of p 53 in Replicative Senescence Overlapping but Distinct from Those Induced by DNA Damage

Replicative senescence in human fibroblasts is absolutely dependent on the function of the phosphoprotein p53 and correlates with activation of p53-dependent transcription. However, no evidence for posttranslational modification of p53 in senescence has been presented, raising the possibility that changes in transcriptional activity result from upregulation of a coactivator. Using a series of antibodies with phosphorylation-sensitive epitopes, we now show that senescence is associated with major changes at putative regulatory sites in the N and C termini of p53 consistent with increased phosphorylation at serine-15, threonine-18, and serine-376 and decreased phosphorylation at serine-392. Ionizing and UV radiation generated overlapping but distinct profiles of response, with increased serine-15 phosphorylation being the only common change. These results support a direct role for p53 in signaling replicative senescence and are consistent with the generation by telomere erosion of a signal which shares some but not all of the features of DNA double-strand breaks.
Towards a Framework for Constructing Context-Specific Migration Methods for Test Cases

Test case reuse in migration projects brings double beneﬁt: reuse of valuable knowledge as well as time and cost savings. Due to system changes, a direct reuse of test cases might be impossible. To facilitate reuse, the migration context, from both system migration as well as testing perspective, has to be considered. For example, system changes need to be detected, understood and then reﬂected to the test cases or the characteristics of the target testing framework have to be identiﬁed. In this paper, we present a novel framework that enables construction of context-speciﬁc migration methods for test cases.
Computed Tomography (CT) of the Chest at Less Than 1 mSv: An Ongoing Prospective Clinical Trial of Chest CT at Submillisievert Radiation Doses with Iterative Model Image Reconstruction and iDose4 Technique

Purpose To assess lesion detection and diagnostic confidence of computed tomography (CT) of the chest performed at less than 1 mSv with 2 iterative reconstruction (IR) techniques. Materials and Methods Ten patients gave written informed consent for the acquisitions of images at submillisievert dose (0.9 mSv), in addition to clinical standard-dose (SD) chest CT (2.9 mSv). Submillisievert images were reconstructed with iDose4 and iterative model reconstruction (IMR). Two radiologists assessed lesion detection, margins, diagnostic confidence, and visibility of small structures. Objective noise and noise spectral density were measured. Results Lesion detection was identical for standard-dose filtered back projection (FBP), submSv iDose4, and submSv IMR. Lesion margins were better seen for 30% of detected lung lesions with submSv IMR compared to standard-dose FBP and submSv iDose4 (P < 0.05). Visibility of abdominal structures, and diagnostic confidence with submSv iDose4 and submSv IMR were similar to standard-dose FBP. There was 21% to 64% noise reduction with submSv IMR and 1% to 15% higher noise with iDose4 compared to standard-dose FBP (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Submillisievert IMR improves delineation of lesion margins compared to standard-dose FBP and submSv iDose4.
Twin Transformer using Gated Dynamic Learnable Attention mechanism for Fault Detection and Diagnosis in the Tennessee Eastman Process

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) is a crucial task for ensuring the safety and efficiency of industrial processes. We propose a novel FDD methodology for the Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP), a widely used benchmark for chemical process control. The model employs two separate Transformer branches, enabling independent processing of input data and potential extraction of diverse information. A novel attention mechanism, Gated Dynamic Learnable Attention (GDLAttention), is introduced which integrates a gating mechanism and dynamic learning capabilities. The gating mechanism modulates the attention weights, allowing the model to focus on the most relevant parts of the input. The dynamic learning approach adapts the attention strategy during training, potentially leading to improved performance. The attention mechanism uses a bilinear similarity function, providing greater flexibility in capturing complex relationships between query and key vectors. In order to assess the effectiveness of our approach, we tested it against 21 and 18 distinct fault scenarios in TEP, and compared its performance with several established FDD techniques. The outcomes indicate that the method outperforms others in terms of accuracy, false alarm rate, and misclassification rate. This underscores the robustness and efficacy of the approach for FDD in intricate industrial processes.
p53 gene and protein status: the role of p53 alterations in predicting outcome in patients with bladder cancer.

PURPOSE The p53 gene status (mutation) and protein alterations (nuclear accumulation detectable by immunohistochemistry; p53 protein status) are associated with bladder cancer progression. Substantial discordance is documented between the p53 protein and gene status, yet no studies have examined the relationship between the gene-protein status and clinical outcome. This study evaluated the clinical relationship of the p53 gene and protein statuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The complete coding region of the p53 gene was queried using DNA from paraffin-embedded tissues and employing a p53 gene-sequencing chip. We compared p53 gene status, mutation site, and protein status with time to recurrence. RESULTS The p53 gene and protein statuses show significant concordance, yet 35% of cases showed discordance. Exon 5 mutations demonstrated a wild-type protein status in 18 of 22 samples. Both the p53 gene and protein statuses were significantly associated with stage and clinical outcome. Specific mutation sites were associated with clinical outcome; tumors with exon 5 mutations showed the same outcome as those with the wild-type gene. Combining the p53 gene and protein statuses stratifies patients into three distinct groups, based on recurrence-free intervals: patients showing the best outcome (wild-type gene and unaltered protein), an intermediate outcome (either a mutated gene or an altered protein) and the worst outcome (a mutated gene and an altered protein). CONCLUSION We show that evaluation of both the p53 gene and protein statuses provides information in assessing the clinical recurrence risk in bladder cancer and that the specific mutation site may be important in assessing recurrence risk. These findings may substantially impact the assessment of p53 alterations and the management of bladder cancer.
Slot-coupled circularly polarized square patch antenna for electronic toll collection system

A right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) square patch microstrip antenna for the on board unit (OBU) of electronic toll collection (ETC) system is designed, according to the national standard of GB/T 20851.1-2007. Wide bandwidth is achieved by choosing two suitable coupling slots in the ground plane of the stripline structure. The simulated return loss, radiation patterns, and the influence of via holes in the substrate are presented. The measured results show that a wide 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 1.2 GHz (or about 21% with center frequency at 5.8 GHz) is obtained, and a RHCP gain of 6.6 dB is reached.
Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Classification and Vascular Territory of Ischemic Stroke Lesions Diagnosed by Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging

Background The association between the location and the mechanism of a stroke lesion remains unclear. A diffusion‐weighted imaging study may help resolve this lack of clarity. Methods and Results We studied a consecutive series of 2702 acute ischemic stroke patients whose stroke lesions were confirmed by diffusion‐weighted imaging and who underwent a thorough etiological investigation. The vascular territory in which an ischemic lesion was situated was identified using standard anatomic maps of the dominant arterial territories. Stroke subtype was based on the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, or TOAST, classification. Large‐artery atherosclerosis (37.3%) was the most common stroke subtype, and middle cerebral artery (49.6%) was the most frequently involved territory. Large‐artery atherosclerosis was the most common subtype for anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, vertebral, and anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarctions. Small vessel occlusion was the leading subtype in basilar and posterior cerebral artery territories. Cardioembolism was the leading cause in superior cerebellar artery territory. Compared with carotid territory stroke, vertebrobasilar territory stroke was more likely to be caused by small vessel occlusion (21.4% versus 30.1%, P<0.001) and less likely to be caused by cardioembolism (23.2% versus 13.8%, P<0.001). Multiple‐vascular‐territory infarction was frequently caused by cardioembolism (44.2%) in carotid territory and by large‐artery atherosclerosis (52.1%) in vertebrobasilar territory. Conclusions Information on vascular territory of a stroke lesion may be helpful in timely investigation and accurate diagnosis of stroke etiology.
Diagnosis and treatment of anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Anemia represents one of the most frequent complications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and severely impairs the quality of life of affected patients. The etiology of anemia in IBD patients can be multifactorial, often involving a combination of iron deficiency (ID) and anemia of chronic disease (ACD). Although current guidelines recommend screening for and treatment of anemia in IBD patients, current observational data suggest that it still remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Besides basic laboratory parameters (e.g. mean corpuscular volume, reticulocyte count, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, etc.), the concentration of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and novel parameters such as the sTfR/log ferritin index can guide the challenging task of differentiating between ID and ACD. Once identified, causes of anemia should be treated accordingly. This review summarizes our current understanding of anemia in IBD patients, including the underlying pathology, diagnostic approaches and appropriate anemia treatment regimens.
Introducing a multifaceted traceability approach to support software evolution

Software traceability is becoming increasingly significant element in software development life cycle. From the software evolution point of view, software traceability is one of importance factor in facilitating software evolution. Unfortunately, practicing software traceability is much harder than it would appear. On the other hand, software evolution is inevitable since software must be continually changed to remain satisfactory in use. Research has shown that evolution is the most expensive activity in the software process. Therefore, in order for software to remain useful in its business domain, it has to utilize some support mechanisms to facilitate software evolution process. This position paper aims at hypothesizing that utilizing a multifaceted approach to traceability generation and recovery can provide significant support for facilitating software evolution process. The multifaceted traceability approach contains three main facets that compose the whole traceability approach, and are run on top of a particular ready-to-use integrated environment development (IDE) in order to facilitate the traceability generation and recovery as well as to ease the artifacts maintenance.
Genetics of Intersexuality

ABSTRACT Intersexuality is not rare. In its traditional definition-the impossibility of distinguishing whether the individual is male or female-the incidence is estimated at 1/4,500 births. If all minor variants of the shape of genitalia are included in the definition of intersex, the incidence rises to close to 1%. These numbers show that, although not spoken about as openly as other conditions, intersexuality is present at a high frequency throughout the world. Understanding intersexuality from a biological perspective has been a challenge. The main cause of the slow rate of progress in this field is the tremendous genetic heterogeneity that may correspond to an intersex situation. More than a dozen medical diagnoses can be associated with the same appearance of genitalia, which taken alone may give the observer little or no clue to the pathophysiology. Dissecting the various causes of intersexuality is essential at many levels: to understand the fundamental biological events of sexual development, to better interpret long-term follow-up studies on intersex patients, and to better predict psychosexual outcome and therefore improve the clinical management of intersex patients. This paper illustrates that the biological mechanisms of intersexuality are complex, and for the most part, understanding them is still a work in progress. Despite understanding the embryology of the genitalia, the mechanisms of action of sex hormones and of a number of sex-determining genes, many intersex babies are born without a clear biological explanation. The pressing question in this field is the social issue of gender assignment and early genital surgery. The author argues that the most important criteria in assigning a gender to an intersexed newborn is the future gender identity, regardless of the chromosomal constitution, gonadal secretions, and aspect of the genitalia.
Defective mitochondrial translation caused by a ribosomal protein (MRPS16) mutation

The mitochondrial respiratory chain comprises 85 subunits, 13 of which are mitochondrial encoded. The synthesis of these 13 proteins requires many nuclear‐encoded proteins that participate in mitochondrial DNA replication, transcript production, and a distinctive mitochondrial translation apparatus. We report a patient with agenesis of corpus callosum, dysmorphism, and fatal neonatal lactic acidosis with markedly decreased complex I and IV activity in muscle and liver and a generalized mitochondrial translation defect identified in pulse‐label experiments. The defect was associated with marked reduction of the 12S rRNA transcript level likely attributed to a nonsense mutation in the MRPS16 gene. A new group of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders is proposed, resulting from mutations in nuclear encoded components of the mitochondrial translation apparatus. Ann Neurol 2004;56:734–738
Perceptions of Chicano/Latino Students Who Have Dropped Out of School

Chicano/Latino drop out was investigated in a qualitative study, conducting focus group interviews with Chicano/Latinos who had dropped out of high school. Participant responses revealed themes of alienation and discrimination in the school setting. The roles of school counselors as multicultural advocates and community-family-school liaisons are discussed.
A Comparison between Regression, Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machines for Predicting Stock Market Index

Obtaining accurate prediction of stock index sig-nificantly helps decision maker to take correct actions to develop a better economy. The inability to predict fluctuation of the stock market might cause serious profit loss. The challenge is that we always deal with dynamic market which is influenced by many factors. They include political, financial and reserve occasions. Thus, stable, robust and adaptive approaches which can provide models have the capability to accurately predict stock index are urgently needed. In this paper, we explore the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) to build prediction models for the S&P 500 stock index. We will also show how traditional models such as multiple linear regression (MLR) behave in this case. The developed models will be evaluated and compared based on a number of evaluation criteria.