Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a new actuator for a small biped entertainment robot which has suitable functions for humanoid robots

In November 2000, we proposed a small biped entertainment robot SDR-3X (Sony dream robot, a prototype) which realized the dynamic and elegant motion performances. Then, in March 2002, we released the development of SDR-4X which was an advanced model and had a capability of a real-time integrated adaptive motion control. And then, in March 2003, we released the latest prototype model SDR-4XII which realizes advanced motion control functions for safe in addition to its previous models. To realize the capabilities of SDR robot, there are many required performances for its actuators. In this paper, we describe the outline of the robotic actuator development and specific functions which are contributed to SDR-4XII's control.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF NURSING STUDENTS

Background & Objective: The professional socialization process of the field of nursing begins with entry into nursing education programs and continues with the completion of nursing education and entry into the work environment. In order to improve this process, its reinforcing factors must be identified. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and professional socialization of nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Methods: In this correlational study, after calculating the sample size, all nursing students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in their 6 th, 7th , and 8th semesters were studied. Data collection tools consisted of demographic characteristics questionnaire, Toit’s Professional Socialization Scale, and Shiring/Siberia Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: The professional socialization and emotional intelligence of nursing students was above average level. Total emotional intelligence and its subscales had no significant correlation with students’ professional socialization score. However, professional socialization had significant correlation with gender, grade point average of previous semesters, and hope for future career. Conclusion: It seems that the professional socialization of nursing students is impacted by learning in cognitive and psychomotor domains more than by their emotional intelligence. However, considering the importance of the emotional domain in comprehensive and humane care, emotional intelligence skills training seems necessary for students. Key Words: Socialization, Emotional intelligence, Nursing, Students
Results of screening colonoscopy among persons 40 to 49 years of age.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of colorectal lesions in persons 40 to 49 years of age, as identified on colonoscopy, has not been determined. METHODS We reviewed the procedure and pathology reports for 906 consecutive persons 40 to 49 years of age who voluntarily participated in an employer-based screening-colonoscopy program. The histologic features of lesions that were identified and removed on endoscopy were categorized according to those of the most advanced lesion removed proximally (up to the junction of the splenic flexure and the descending colon) and the most advanced lesion removed distally. An advanced lesion was defined as an adenoma at least 1 cm in diameter, a polyp with villous histologic features or severe dysplasia, or a cancer. RESULTS Among those who underwent colonoscopic screening, 78.9 percent had no detected lesions, 10.0 percent had hyperplastic polyps, 8.7 percent had tubular adenomas, and 3.5 percent had advanced neoplasms, none of which were cancerous (95 percent confidence interval for cancer, 0 to 0.4 percent). Eighteen of 33 advanced neoplasms (55 percent) were located distally and were potentially within reach of a sigmoidoscope. If these results are applicable to the general population, at least 250 persons, and perhaps 1000 or more, would need to be screened to detect one cancer in this age group. CONCLUSIONS Colonoscopic detection of colorectal cancer is uncommon in asymptomatic persons 40 to 49 years of age. The noncancerous lesions are equally distributed proximally and distally. The low yield of screening colonoscopy in this age group is consistent with current recommendations about the age at which to begin screening in persons at average risk.
CELL‐CELL INTERACTION IN THE EUKARYOTE‐PROKARYOTE MODEL OF THE MICROALGAE CHLORELLA VULGARIS AND THE BACTERIUM AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE IMMOBILIZED IN POLYMER BEADS 1

Cell‐cell interaction in the eukaryote‐prokaryote model of the unicellular, freshwater microalga Chlorella vulgaris Beij. and the plant growth‐promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, when jointly immobilized in small polymer alginate beads, was evaluated by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with SEM. This step revealed significant changes, with an increase in the populations of both partners, cluster (mixed colonies) mode of colonization of the bead by the two microorganisms, increase in the size of microalgae‐bacterial clusters, movement of the motile bacteria cells toward the immotile microalgae cells within solid matrix, and formation of firm structures among the bacteria, microalgae cells, and the inert matrix that creates a biofilm. This biofilm was sufficiently strong to keep the two species attached to each other, even after eliminating the alginate support. This study showed that the common structural phenotypic interaction of Azospirillum with roots of higher plants, via fibrils and sheath material, is also formed and maintained during the interaction of this bacterium with the surface of rootless single‐cell microalgae.
Homo Heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences

Heuristics are efficient cognitive processes that ignore information. In contrast to the widely held view that less processing reduces accuracy, the study of heuristics shows that less information, computation, and time can in fact improve accuracy. We review the major progress made so far: (a) the discovery of less-is-more effects; (b) the study of the ecological rationality of heuristics, which examines in which environments a given strategy succeeds or fails, and why; (c) an advancement from vague labels to computational models of heuristics; (d) the development of a systematic theory of heuristics that identifies their building blocks and the evolved capacities they exploit, and views the cognitive system as relying on an "adaptive toolbox;" and (e) the development of an empirical methodology that accounts for individual differences, conducts competitive tests, and has provided evidence for people's adaptive use of heuristics. Homo heuristicus has a biased mind and ignores part of the available information, yet a biased mind can handle uncertainty more efficiently and robustly than an unbiased mind relying on more resource-intensive and general-purpose processing strategies.
Contribution of ligand desolvation to binding thermodynamics in a ligand-protein interaction.

Introduction Despite enormous advances in the structure determination of protein complexes, our ability to predict binding affinity from structure remains severely limited. Affinities are governed by both structure and dynamics, including solvent rearrangement. While a number of studies have examined the contribution of water molecules in the protein binding pocket, ligand solvation has received little attention. Here, we examine the latter in the major urinary protein (MUP), an abundant pheromone-binding protein where subtle recognition of a series of related compounds is essential to its biological function. Our approach involves the experimental determination of solvation thermodynamics of relevant ligands using air/water partition coefficient measurements supported by free energy perturbation calculations. These are interpreted in the context of thermodynamic binding data, leading to a decomposition of interaction thermodynamics at a level of detail unreported for any system.
Evaluation of the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine after third-molar extraction.

BACKGROUND Pain, swelling and trismus are undesirable effects of extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine when used as a supplement to cryotherapeutic, antibiotic and steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment with the aim of reducing undesirable consequences after third-molar extraction. METHODS The authors conducted a prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 50 participants aged 18 to 29 years randomly assigned to receive cyclobenzaprine or the placebo. The authors used a split-mouth design, so each participant acted as his or her own control. For each participant, the authors extracted one impacted mandibular third molar on each side of the mouth at different times. Participants received 10 milligrams of cyclobenzaprine or a placebo once per day the day before surgery, the day of surgery and the first day after surgery. The authors assessed the participants' postoperative pain by means of a visual analog scale at four, six, eight, 12, 24 and 48 hours. They measured the participants' swelling and maximal interincisor distance at 48 hours and seven days. RESULTS The authors assessed both sides of each participant's mouth for differences in pain, swelling and trismus. They found no statistically significant differences between sides of the mouth regarding these three variables. CONCLUSIONS The results of this trial indicate that the influence of cyclobenzaprine over pain, swelling and trismus does not justify prescribing additional medication for patients undergoing third-molar extraction. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine was ineffective in reducing pain, swelling and trismus after third-molar extraction.
A STUDY ON ADULT LEARNING SYSTEM

In the provision of ESL teaching, adult education has become more prevalent as more adult students are seeking higher education. The positive outcome of this global trend is educational institutions are having big volume of nontraditional student- populations seeking linguistic competence which is, however, comparatively a new challenge to adult educators and programme developers. Adult students are, in a large-scale, expected to balance the needs of work, family, and related obligations. Because of their age, knowledge, and experience, adult learners have different orientations and emphases than traditional learners. Furthermore, adult instructors can, oftentimes, come across adult learners having acute economical insolvency, pressures of normal day-to-day tasks, previous experience of hopeless academic situations which may raise the bar of perplexity. As an adult educator, one can tailor instruction that helps adults overcome their fears, anxieties, and concerns and increases their self-confidence to be interactive. Appropriate teaching strategies, relevant lesson plans and productive learning environment lead them to self- discovery, to transferring of knowledge by bridging the gap between the old skills and the emerging new skills and professional competence. This paper intends to explore what exactly an adult learner is, and also to review adult learning principles and their implications for the mentors. From here, the focus is on what pedagogical and other techniques and methods would be appropriate to best support the needs of adult learners.
Agreeing and disagreeing with assessments: some features of preferred/dispreferred turn shapes

Two type of organization are explicated: 1) the relationship between experiencing an event and assessing the event, and 2) the relationship of the status of a conversational action and the turn shape in which it is performed. Second assessments are performed when a recipient has had access to the referent assessed by a prior speaker. When the referent of an assessment is unrelated to the co-participants, respondents orient to agreeing as preferred. When the prior assessment is a self-deprecation, respondents orient to agreement as dispreferred. When the prior assessment is a compliment, recipients orient to multiple constraints. Comments The concept of preference has been used in numerous ways, sometimes to describe disparate phenomena. In each new study, it is crucial to explicate just what phenomenon is being investigated rather than just use the concept as if it is adequately explanatory. Recommended Citation Pomerantz, A. , & Heritage, J. (2012). Preference. In J. Sidnell & T. Stivers (Eds.), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis (pp. 210-228). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
Investigations into the anti-fertility effect of intra-uterine devices in the ewe.

Ovum fertilization after natural mating was inhibited in both oviducts after the insertion of a plastic spiral into one uterine horn. Spermatozoa were found in oviducts ofcontrol ewes between 4 and 24 hr after mating, but were almost totally absent from both oviducts of ewes with a spiral in one horn. Sperm numbers in the uterus were relatively low in `spiral' ewes. Spirals had these effects both 2 to 4 weeks and 8 to 10 months after insertion. Ova were fertilized in `spiral' as well as control ewes after injection of semen into the uterus, but there were fewer accessory spermatozoa in ova from `spiral' ewes. After injection of semen into one uterine horn, spermatozoa were found throughout reproductive tracts of `spiral' and control ewes, but most spermatozoa in horns containing a spiral were broken into heads and tails. Similarly, when semen was injected into ligated uterine compartments, most spermatozoa recovered 5 hr later from spiral compartments were tailless; most spermatozoa recovered from non-spiral compartments of the same ewes were intact. Spirals inhibited sperm transport following natural mating, and they also promoted spermicidal conditions in the uterine lumen.
Two Birds With One Myth-Debunking Campaign

Misconceptions of psychological phenomena are widespread and often not easily eliminated—even among students completing college-level psychology courses. As part of a research methods psychology course, students developed public-service-announcement-style posters as part of a psychology myth-debunking campaign and presented these to students enrolled in introductory psychology courses on campus. Results revealed that both the introductory students who were exposed to the myth-debunking campaign and the research method students who created the campaign endorsed significantly fewer myths than their respective comparison groups. The research methods students viewed their experiences with the myth-debunking campaign as enjoyable and valuable in developing scientific inquiry skills.
How to measure balance in clinical practice. A systematic review of the psychometrics and clinical utility of measures of balance activity for neurological conditions

Objective: To identify psychometrically robust and clinically feasible measurement tools of balance activity in people with neurological conditions to recommend for use in clinical practice. Data sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PEDro and AMED. Review methods: Independent reviewers selected and extracted data from articles that assessed the reliability, validity, sensitivity to change and clinical utility of measures of balance activity in adult neurological conditions. Quality assessment was based on Jorstad et al. Measures with ‘good' psychometrics and ≥9/10 clinical utility scores were recommended. Results: Nineteen measurement tools were selected. Of these, the Brunel Balance Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, Trunk Impairment Scale, arm raise and forward reach tests in sitting and standing, weight shift, step/tap and step-up tests reached the required standards and are usable in clinical practice. The Brunel Balance Assessment and its associated functional performance tests have the additional advantages of being a hierarchical scale with established lack of redundancy. Conclusion: The measurement tools identified above are psychometrically robust and feasible to use in clinical practice. Future objective measure development should consider the theoretical construct of the measure, the minimal detectable change and use in clinical populations other than stroke.
Carbon dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau during the 20th century: an analysis with a process-based biogeochemical model

Aim The Tibetan Plateau accounts for about a quarter of the total land area of China and has a variety of ecosystems ranging from alpine tundra to evergreen tropics. Its soils are dominated by permafrost and are rich in organic carbon. Its climate is unique due to the influence of theAsian monsoon and its complex topography.To date,the carbon dynamics of the Tibetan Plateau have not been well quantified under changes of climate and permafrost conditions. Here we use a process-based biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), which was incorporated with a soil thermal model, to examine the permafrost dynamics and their effects on carbon dynamics on the plateau during the past century. Location The Tibetan Plateau. Methods We parameterize and verify the TEM using the existing data for soil temperature, permafrost distribution and carbon and nitrogen from the region. We then extrapolate the model and parameters to the whole plateau. Results During the 20th century, the Tibetan Plateau changed from a small carbon source or neutral in the early part of the century to a sink later, with a large inter-annual and spatial variability due to changes of climate and permafrost conditions. Net primary production and soil respiration increased by 0.52 and 0.22 Tg C year -1 ,respectively,resulting in a regional carbon sink increase of 0.3 Tg C year -1
Simultaneous screening of targeted and non-targeted contaminants using an LC-QTOF-MS system and automated MS/MS library searching.

Simultaneous high-resolution full-scan and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis using time of flight mass spectrometry brings an answer for increasing demand of retrospective and non-targeted data analysis. Such analysis combined with spectral library searching is a promising tool for targeted and untargeted screening of small molecules. Despite considerable extension of the panel of compounds of tandem mass spectral libraries, the heterogeneity of spectral data poses a major challenge against the effective usage of spectral libraries. Performance evaluation of available LC-MS/MS libraries will significantly increase credibility in the search results. The present work was aimed to evaluate fluctuation of MS/MS pattern, in the peak intensities distribution together with mass accuracy measurements, and in consequence, performance compliant with ion ratio and mass error criteria as principles in identification processes for targeted and untargeted contaminants at trace levels. Matrix effect and ultra-trace levels of concentration (from 50 ng l(-1) to 1000 ng l(-1) were evaluated as potential source of inaccuracy in the performance of spectral matching. Matrix-matched samples and real samples were screened for proof of applicability. By manual review of data and application of ion ratio and ppm error criteria, false negatives were obtained; this number diminished when in-house library was used, while with on-line MS/MS databases 100% of positive samples were found. In our experience, intensity of peaks across spectra was highly correlated to the concentration effect and matrix complexity. In turn, analysis of spectra acquired at trace concentrations and in different matrices results in better performance in providing correct and reliable identification.
Thiazide diuretics do not protect against changes that accompany renal aging.

BACKGROUND During the normal aging process, changes are produced in renal structure that are indistinguishable from those provoked by uncomplicated elevated arterial pressure. Our objective was to evaluate whether long-term treatment with thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide [HCT]) prevented the changes that occur during kidney aging. METHODS Fifty CF1 female mice were divided into 2 groups: control group without treatment and HCT group which received 25 mg/L HCT in their drinking water, after weaning and during their entire existence. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was evaluated per semester, and proteinuria at end of study. At months 6, 12, 18 and 24 of treatment, 5 animals were sacrificed per group. Aortic blood samples were taken to measure plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. Morphometric analysis of glomeruli measured number per mm(2), diameter, percentage of mesangial area and percentage glomerulosclerosis (%GS). Using immunolabeling with anti- alpha-SM-actin percentage, we evaluated percentage glomerular alpha-SM-actin as a marker for early GS. Through electron microscopy we evaluated podocytes and thickness of the glomerular basement membrane. RESULTS MAP was lower in the HCT group in all periods, while proteinuria was higher in the HCT group during month 24. Progressive decline in number of glomeruli and %GS was not modified by treatment. Expansion of mesangial matrix and alpha-SM-actin immunolabeling was greater in the HCT group. CONCLUSIONS GS and loss of renal function are changes produced during aging. Although thiazide diuretics do help reduce arterial pressure, they do not prevent and, furthermore, appear to favor these changes in the normal CF1 mouse.
An Emotion Model for Music Using Brain Waves

Every person reacts differently to music. The task then is to identify a specific set of music features that have a significant effect on emotion for an individual. Previous research have used self-reported emotions or tags to annotate short segments of music using discrete labels. Our approach uses an electroencephalograph to record the subject’s reaction to music. Emotion spectrum analysis method is used to analyse the electric potentials and provide continuousvalued annotations of four emotional states for different segments of the music. Music features are obtained by processing music information from the MIDI files which are separated into several segments using a windowing technique. The music features extracted are used in two separate supervised classification algorithms to build the emotion models. Classifiers have a minimum error rate of 5% predicting the emotion labels.
Joint Binding of OTX2 and MYC in Promotor Regions Is Associated with High Gene Expression in Medulloblastoma

Both OTX2 and MYC are important oncogenes in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Much is known about MYC binding to promoter regions, but OTX2 binding is hardly investigated. We used ChIP-on-chip data to analyze the binding patterns of both transcription factors in D425 medulloblastoma cells. When combining the data for all promoter regions in the genome, OTX2 binding showed a remarkable bi-modal distribution pattern with peaks around −250 bp upstream and +650 bp downstream of the transcription start sites (TSSs). Indeed, 40.2% of all OTX2-bound TSSs had more than one significant OTX2-binding peak. This OTX2-binding pattern was very different from the TSS-centered single peak binding pattern observed for MYC and other known transcription factors. However, in individual promoter regions, OTX2 and MYC have a strong tendency to bind in proximity of each other. OTX2-binding sequences are depleted near TSSs in the genome, providing an explanation for the observed bi-modal distribution of OTX2 binding. This contrasts to the enrichment of E-box sequences at TSSs. Both OTX2 and MYC binding independently correlated with higher gene expression. Interestingly, genes of promoter regions with multiple OTX2 binding as well as MYC binding showed the highest expression levels in D425 cells and in primary medulloblastomas. Genes within this class of promoter regions were enriched for medulloblastoma and stem cell specific genes. Our data suggest an important functional interaction between OTX2 and MYC in regulating gene expression in medulloblastoma.