Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics Original Paper Independent Component Analysis-based Penalized Discriminant Method for Tumor Classification Using Gene Expression Data

Motivation: Microarrays are capable of determining the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. One important application of gene expression data is classification of samples into categories. In combination with classification methods, this technology can be useful to support clinical management decisions for individual patients, e.g. in oncology. Standard statistic methodologies in classification or prediction do not work well when the number of variables p (genes) far too exceeds the number of samples n. So, modification of existing statistical methodologies or development of new metho-dologies is needed for the analysis of microarray data. Results: This paper proposes a new method for tumor classification using gene expression data. In this method, we first employ independent component analysis to model the gene expression data, then apply optimal scoring algorithm to classify them. Further speaking, this approach can first make full use of the high-order statistical information contained in the gene expression data. Second, this approach also employs regularized regression models to handle the situation of large numbers of correlated predictor variables. Finally, the predictive models are developed for classifying tumors based on the entire gene expression profile. To show the validity of the proposed method, we apply it to classify four DNA microarray datasets involving various human normal and tumor tissue samples. The experimental results show that the method is efficient and feasible. Availability: Matlab scripts are available on request.
Correlation Between Frequency Doubling Technology and Heidelberg Retina Tomograph

To evaluate the association between Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) parameters and the Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) indices in ocular hypertension or primary open angle glaucoma patients. Methods:One eye was randomly chosen from 85 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (abnormal visual field and/or abnormal optic nerve and untreated IOP > 21 mm Hg) and ocular hypertension (normal visual field and normal optic nerve and untreated IOP > 21 mm Hg). All the patients were examined with Humphrey Perimeter program 30-2 full threshold, FDT program C 20-5, and HRT. Findings were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results:Within the entire sample of studied subjects we found a statistically significant correlation (Pearson's r) (P < 0.05) between FDT mean deviation and RA, CA, RV, CSM, RNFLt, and RNFLc of HRT, and between FDT pattern standard deviation and RA, CA, VOLC, CV, RV, CSM, RNFLt, and RNFLc of HRT. Linear regression analysis showed that cup shape measure was the most predictive parameter for FDT MD. No correlation was found between HRT parameters and FDT PSD indices in the glaucoma subgroup; in the ocular hypertensive subgroup some correlation was found between FDT PSD and some of the HRT parameters. Conclusion:In the entire group, cup shape measure showed to be the most significant factor correlating functional and morphologic changes. The presence of significant correlations between some HRT parameters and visual field indices in the ocular hypertensive and glaucoma subgroup suggested that HRT parameters and FDT indices could detect glaucoma damage differently.
The principle of good continuation in space and time can guide visual search in absence of priming or contextual cueing

Previous research has shown that repetition of the same target features and/or spatial location over time can improve detection, discrimination, and identification. It has also been shown that repetition of the same distractor features or spatial layout can similarly improve search performance. Thus, it appears that target and distractor features and positions are stored in memory and used to guide visual processes such as object recognition and search. Here we introduce a new paradigm for manipulating the sequential structure of target position across trials independently of target features, position priming, and contextual configuration. Results show that facilitation or inhibition in visual search occurs when the target appears at an implicitly expected or unexpected location, respectively, according to the Gestalt's principle of good continuation of the target's successive positions across trials. These findings provide evidence that the simple rule of good continuation can act as a spatiotemporal cue and guide where to attend while searching for the target.
Cross-Layer Design of Influence Maximization in Mobile Social Networks

Most prior algorithms for influence maximization focused are designed for Online Social Networks (OSNs) and require centralized computation. Directly deploying the above algorithms in distributed Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) will overwhelm the networks due to an enormous number of messages required for seed selection. In this paper, therefore, we design a new cross-layer strategy to jointly examine MSN and mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) to facilitate efficient seed selection, by extracting a subset of nodes as agents to represent nearby friends during the distributed computation. Specifically, we formulate a new optimization problem, named Agent Selection Problem (ASP), to minimize the message overhead transmitted in MANET. We prove that ASP is NP-Hard and design an effectively distributed algorithm. Simulation results in real and synthetic datasets manifest that the message overhead can be significantly reduced compared with the existing approaches.
Effects of morning-night differences and sleep deprivation on situation awareness and driving performance

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of morning-night differences and sleep deprivation on situation awareness and driving performance. Twelve male students (mean of age 21.0±0.7 years old) participated in this study. They drove in following driving scenarios under three conditions: night condition, morning condition with and without sleep deprivation, on a driving simulator. Statistical analysis on situation awareness (SA) data shows that morning-night differences and sleep deprived condition during driving significantly affect Level 1 SA (F(2,22)=18.54, P<;0.01), Level 2 SA (F(2,22)=14.47, P<;0.01), and Level 3 SA (F(2,22)=4.54, P=0.03). There are also significantly higher risky driving behavior score when driving in the morning with sleep deprived condition, as compared to driving in the Morning with proper sleep (P<;0.01). The results of this study suggested that sleep deprivation or driving at night produced a degradation of situation awareness and a higher risky driving behavior.
Accurate and Robust 3D Facial Capture Using a Single RGBD Camera

This paper presents an automatic and robust approach that accurately captures high-quality 3D facial performances using a single RGBD camera. The key of our approach is to combine the power of automatic facial feature detection and image-based 3D nonrigid registration techniques for 3D facial reconstruction. In particular, we develop a robust and accurate image-based nonrigid registration algorithm that incrementally deforms a 3D template mesh model to best match observed depth image data and important facial features detected from single RGBD images. The whole process is fully automatic and robust because it is based on single frame facial registration framework. The system is flexible because it does not require any strong 3D facial priors such as blend shape models. We demonstrate the power of our approach by capturing a wide range of 3D facial expressions using a single RGBD camera and achieve state-of-the-art accuracy by comparing against alternative methods.
BRCA1 and Its Network of Interacting Partners

BRCA1 is a large multi-domain protein with a pivotal role in maintaining genome stability and cell cycle progression. Germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene confer an estimated lifetime risk of 60%–80% for breast cancer and 15%–60% for ovarian cancer. Many of the germline mutations associated with cancer development are concentrated in the amino terminal RING domain and the carboxyl terminal BRCT motifs of BRCA1, which are the most well-characterized regions of the protein. The function of BRCA1 in DNA repair, transcription and cell cycle control through the DNA damage response is orchestrated through its association with an impressive repertoire of protein complexes. The association of BRCA1 with ATM/ATR, CHK2 and Aurora A protein kinases regulates cell cycle progression, whilst its association with RAD51 has a direct impact on the repair of double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). BRCA1 interactions with the MRN complex of proteins, with the BRCC complex of proteins that exhibit E3 ligase activity and with the phosphor proteins CtIP, BACH1 (BRIP1) and Abraxas (CCDC98) are also implicated in DNA repair mechanisms and cell cycle checkpoint control. BRCA1 through its association with specific proteins and multi-protein complexes is a sentinel of the normal cell cycle control and DNA repair.
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Density-based Multi-feature Background Subtraction with Support Vector Machine

—Background modeling and subtraction is a natural technique for object detection in videos captured by a static camera, and also a critical preprocessing step in various high level computer vision applications. However, there have not been many studies concerning useful features and binary segmentation algorithms for this problem. We propose a pixel-wise background modeling and subtraction technique using multiple features, where generative and discriminative techniques are combined for classification. In our algorithm, color, gradient and Haar-like features are integrated to handle spatio-temporal variations for each pixel. A pixel-wise generative background model is obtained for each feature efficiently and effectively by Kernel Density Approximation (KDA). Background subtraction is performed in a discriminative manner using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) over background likelihood vectors for a set of features. The proposed algorithm is robust to shadow, illumination changes, spatial variations of background. We compare the performance of the algorithm with other density-based methods using several different feature combinations and modeling techniques, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
The formation of the optic fibre projection after partial tectal removal in Xenopus.

The formation of retinotectal connexions in Xenopus has been investigated by mapping the visual field projections of animals after various partial tectal removals. Following removal of a sufficiently extensive piece of the left rostral, caudal, medial or lateral tectum with, in addition, section of the contralateral optic nerve, a consistent defect in the nasal, temporal, superior or inferior visual fields respectively was obtained. The various scotomas indicated that optic axons did not regenerate into the residual tectum from all regions of the retina. The conclusion drawn from the present experiments is that optic fibres tend to connect, in a residual half-tectum, only with appropriate tectal loci.
Face in Chinese, Japanese, and U.S. American cultures

This paper delved into the nature of face as a socio-psycho-linguistic concept through the examination of its varying conceptualizations and components in three different cultures: Chinese, Japanese, and U.S. American. The points of investigation are as follows: (1) semantic fields of the terms which signify ‘face’ in the Chinese, Japanese, and English languages, (2) cultures, social behaviors, and social systems of the three peoples, (3) differences between face and other similar concepts, such as prestige and honor, (4) comparative weights of attributes comprising face, such as formal position, personal reputation, conformity, and integrity of social being, which may vary significantly according to culture.
Catecholamine Measurements in Phaeochromocytoma: A Review

The early diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma by measurement of catecholamines or their metabolites is important, since it brings the prospect of permanent cure to a small but significant proportion of the hypertensive population. The development of sensitive and specific methods for the analysis of catecholamines has led to the increased use of such measurements in the biochemical diagnosis and localisation of this rare tumour.
Twenty-year follow-up of the prevailing opinion on the posttraumatic or postconcussional syndrome

Abstract A replication of the 1967 Auerback et al. survey on postconcussional syndrome was conducted. The survey was mailed to 500 neurosurgeons and neuropsychologists. Several areas of changing neurosurgical opinion are identified. Differences in current neurosurgical and neuropsychological opinion are described. Finally, these results confirm the presence of some beliefs, widely held by professionals, but not supported by the current literature. By way of recommendation, it is suggested that the term post head injury syndrome be used in preference to postconcussional or posttraumatic syndrome. Suggestions for further research are presented.
A global meta‐analysis of Tuber ITS rDNA sequences: species diversity, host associations and long‐distance dispersal

Truffles (Tuber) are ectomycorrhizal fungi characterized by hypogeous fruitbodies. Their biodiversity, host associations and geographical distributions are not well documented. ITS rDNA sequences of Tuber are commonly recovered from molecular surveys of fungal communities, but most remain insufficiently identified making it difficult to determine whether these sequences represent conspecific or novel taxa. In this meta‐analysis, over 2000 insufficiently identified Tuber sequences from 76 independent studies were analysed within a phylogenetic framework. Species ranges, host associates, geographical distributions and intra‐ and interspecific ITS variability were assessed. Over 99% of the insufficiently identified Tuber sequences grouped within clades composed of species with little culinary value (Maculatum, Puberulum and Rufum). Sixty‐four novel phylotypes were distinguished including 36 known only from ectomycorrhizae or soil. Most species of Tuber showed 1‐3% intraspecific ITS variability and >4% interspecific ITS sequence variation. We found 123 distinct phylotypes based on 96% ITS sequence similarity and estimated that Tuber contains a minimum of 180 species. Based on this meta‐analysis, species in Excavatum, Maculatum and Rufum clades exhibit preference for angiosperm hosts, whereas those in the Gibbosum clade are preferential towards gymnosperms. Sixteen Tuber species (>13% of the known diversity) have putatively been introduced to continents or islands outside their native range.
Women Scientists in India: Their Position and Role

AbstractWomen in India joined modern science professions at the beginning of this century. Starting with medicine they have since been entering all fields of science, including engineering. Almost one-third of women are engaged in bio sciences. Recently, pure sciences such as physics and chemistry have also been drawing greater number of women. In proportion to their number seeking employment, women scientists are well represented in public sector research and development laboratories; there is a greater tendency among women scientists to go in for teaching. The private sector seems to prefer employing men in the application areas. In professions such as engineering, some discrimination exists. So far, the number of women at the higher policy-making levels in organisations is small, and many women scientists do not feel accepted professionally by their male colleague and superiors. Women scientists in India have shown serious interest in science. There are, and have been, many individual women scientists .
The Effect of Propofol on Normal and Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Isolated Perfused Rabbit Lung

The effects of propofol and its intralipid vehicle on increased and normal pulmonary vascular resistances (PVR) were studied in an in situ perfused rabbit lung model which controlled all major determinants of PVR.Propofol at both 5 and 10 micro gram/mL significantly reduced PVR increases by the thromboxane mimetic, U46619. In contrast, similar volumes of intralipid further increased PVR. Neither propofol nor intralipid had any effect on normal PVR. We conclude that propofol at 5 and 10 micro gram/mL is able to reduce increased PVR but has no effect on normal PVR. (Anesth Analg 1995;80:577-82)
Patterns of lesions of bovine tuberculosis in wild red deer and wild boar

The data obtained from a survey of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) conducted in France in the 2005/06 hunting season were used to describe and quantify the pathological findings in the two species. The red deer had caseous abscessed lesions in their organs and lymph nodes, whereas in the wild boar the lesions were predominantly caseocalcareous and occurred mainly in the lymph nodes. The severity of the gross tuberculosis-like lesions was estimated on the basis of a numerical score. The significant difference between the distribution of the scores in the two species indicated that the disease was more serious in the red deer than in the wild boar. Unlike the red deer, the wild boar did not show a generalised pattern of disease. Among the lymph nodes examined systematically, gross lesions were most frequently observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes in the red deer and in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes in the wild boar. In both species, the presence of gross lesions showed the closest agreement with the isolation of M bovis from the same lymph nodes. The different patterns of the lesions of tuberculosis in the two species suggest that red deer might play an important role in the intraspecies and interspecies dissemination of the infection, whereas in wild boar the spread of the infection would be more likely to be restricted to other wild boar.
The activation of multiletter units in visual word recognition

A growing body of evidence supports a multi-level view of visual word recognition incorporating representations at an intermediate level where multiletter units can be activated directly by supraletter features (e.g. Drewnowski & Healy, 1977). In the present study, priming in an alphabetic decision task was exploited to investigate the existence of directly activated multiletter units. Subjects were required to make a discrimination response to test stimuli that could be targets or foils. Targets were single letters or consonant-bigrams that were present or absent in an immediately preceding word, and foils were single keyboard characters or a character plus a letter. Experiment I verified an earlier finding that responses to consonantbigrams are facilitated when they appear in a prime word, whereas responses to the constituent letters of those bigrams are not facilitated (Greenberg & Vellutino, 1988). In addition, responses to primed bigrams were faster than responses to primed single letters. Experiments 2 to 4 revealed that bigram priming in the absence of letter priming occurs only when both primes and targets appear in lower-case type. It is concluded that separable multiletter units are represented in the visual word recognition system and are directly activated by supraletter visual features. The findings are discussed in the context of current theories of visual word recognition.
Thoughts on Natal Dispersal Author ( s ) :

—Natal dispersal (i.e., movement of wandering individuals from their birthplaces to their first breeding locations) is one of the most important yet least understood features of ecology, population biology, and evolution. The analysis of the dispersal process from the perspective of the unusual lifehistories of raptors (typically less-studied species, because of the difficulties inherent in working with them) may enhance our understanding of some additional aspects of dispersal. Here we comment on the potential offered by studies on raptor natal dispersal, in particular: (a) the importance of floaters in the dynamics, stability, and persistence of breeding populations; (b) the complexity of dispersal as a multistep process characterized by several shifts in behavior; (c) the importance of studying patterns of animal movement, which influence the patterns of population spatial structure; (d) the crucial conservation implications of dispersal studies.
Public awareness of autism spectrum disorder

Objective: Examine the awareness of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in our community which would help in early recognition and improved support of affected families. Methods: A focused 20-item questionnaire was designed to survey the public awareness and knowledge of ASD. Personal interviews were conducted during an ASD awareness day, which was organized in a major shopping mall on February 20, 2015 in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 259 individuals participated in the study with 47% being <30 years of age and 57% being females. Most participants (60%) were married, educated (68% university level), and employed (54%). When asked if they knew what autism is, 88% responded positively. However, when asked to rate their degree of knowledge, 41% felt that it is weak. Females and those older than 30 years of age were more likely to feel knowledgeable (p=0.04 for females and p=0.013 for those >30 years of age). Females were more likely to think that autistic children can be employed in the future (p=0.008), whereas males were more likely to think that autism is similar to mental retardation (p=0.005). Conclusions: The public awareness of ASD needs improvement. Areas for targeted education were identified to help improve the quality of life of autistic children and their families.
The International Reference Ionosphere 2012 – a model of international collaboration

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) project was established jointly by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) in the late sixties with the goal to develop an international standard for the specification of plasma parameters in the Earth’s ionosphere. COSPAR needed such a specification for the evaluation of environmental effects on spacecraft and experiments in space, and URSI for radiowave propagation studies and applications. At the request of COSPAR and URSI, IRI was developed as a data-based model to avoid the uncertainty of theory-based models which are only as good as the evolving theoretical understanding. Being based on most of the available and reliable observations of the ionospheric plasma from the ground and from space, IRI describes monthly averages of electron density, electron temperature, ion temperature, ion composition, and several additional parameters in the altitude range from 60 km to 2000 km. A working group of about 50 international ionospheric experts is in charge of developing and improving the IRI model. Over time as new data became available and new modeling techniques emerged, steadily improved editions of the IRI model have been published. This paper gives a brief history of the IRI project and describes the latest version of the model, IRI-2012. It also briefly discusses efforts to develop a real-time IRI model. The IRI homepage is at http://IRImodel.org.
Crowned dens syndrome developed after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure

We present a unique case of crowned dens syndrome (CDS) that developed after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a patient who presented with fever and neck pain. Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was extremely effective for relieving fever and neck pain, and in the improvement of inflammatory markers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of CDS caused by an ERCP procedure. In a patient with fever and neck pain after an ERCP procedure, CDS should be considered in the differential diagnosis.