Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of irrigation on consumptive use, water use efficiency and crop coefficient of sesame (Sesamum indicum L. )

Sesame was grown for two successive seasons (2001/2002 - 2002/2003) at Shambat, Sudan. The aim of the study was to investigate five irrigation water quantities on actual evapotranspiration as compared with estimated evapotranspiration using Penman-Monteith method, modified Penman formula and pan evaporation. Water use efficiency and crop factors were calculated and the best water use efficiency was obtained under irrigation water 650 mm. Under all irrigation treatments, there was a large deviation of pan evaporation, modified Penman and Penman-monteith estimate from actually measured evapotranspiration. Crop coefficients were decreased with decreased water quantities in all treatments. Crop coefficients computed by pan evaporation were under all circumstances, lower than these obtained by modified Penman and Penman- Monteiths methods. Key words: Water quantities, consumptive use, water use efficiency, crop coefficient, sesame.
Analyzing Deixis of English Speech by Kim Namjoon (BTS) at the United Nations

Humans, as social beings, naturally interact to fulfill various life needs. This study aimed to analyze different deixis types in Kim Namjoon's speech and understand their meanings. The research employed Stephen C. Levinson's Theory and utilized a descriptive qualitative method with a content analysis approach. The findings revealed five deixis categories in Kim Namjoon's speech: personal, spatial, temporal, discourse, and social. These were distributed as follows: 129 (65.8%) personal deixis, 15 (7.7%) spatial deixis, 10 (5.1%) temporal deixis, 31 (15.8%) discourse deixis, and 11 (5.6%) social deixis. In total, 196 deixis instances were identified in Kim Namjoon's speech. His speech, titled "Speak Yourself," aimed to inspire young people to embrace self-love, discover their inner voices, and confidently express themselves to the world. The significance of this research lies in enhancing our understanding of deixis and its role as a linguistic resource, particularly in terms of usage and significance within utterances.
Patch-gap Analysis Of Presence-absence Data In Vegetation Transects Using Hidden Markov Models, With Application To The Characterisation Of Post-fire Plant Pattern Disturbance In A Semiarid Pine Forest

We discuss the application of hidden Markov models (HMMs) to estimate the distributions of patch and gap sizes from vegetation transects with presenceabsence data. Different models of HMMs are considered. A first basic model, expected to be appropriate for vegetation communities with simple pattern structure and relatively homogeneous patches and gaps, consists of two hidden states, patch and gap, and two symbols, corresponding to presence or absence of vegetation. When the spatial pattern of the vegetation is expected to be more complex, such as in communities with a diversity of plant growth forms, the topology of the HMM should be selected more carefully. We propose models with three and four hidden states, expected to be more adequate when two levels of patchiness are involved, as is the case in many patchy semiarid plant communities. For each model, their parameters, transition and emission probabilities, are estimated from the observed transect data using the BaumWelch algorithm, the sequence of states that maximises the posterior probability is obtained using the Viterbi algorithm and the distributions of the patch and gap sizes are thus described. The method is applied to characterise the vegetation patterns in two contiguous burned and unburned zones of a semiarid pine forest, Pinus halepensis Mill. , in Southeast Spain. The analysis suggests a certain inertia of the spatial plant pattern after the occurrence of a wildf~e. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 46, © 2001 WIT Press, www.witpress. com, ISSN 1743-3541
Using eHealth Data to Inform CPD for Medical Practitioners: A Scoping Review with a Consultation Exercise with International Experts

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Introduction: eHealth data analytics is widely used in health care research. However, there is limited knowledge on the role of eHealth data analysis to inform continuing professional development (CPD). The aim of this study was to collate available research evidence on the use of eHealth data for the development of CPD programs and plans for medical practitioners. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the six-stage Arksey and O'Malley Framework. A consultation exercise (stage 6) was performed with 15 international experts in the fields of learning and practice analytics to deepen the insights. Results: Scoping review. The literature searches identified 9876 articles published from January 2010 to May 2022. After screening and full-text review, a total of nine articles were deemed relevant for inclusion. The results provide varied—and at times partial or diverging—answers to the scoping review research questions. Consultation exercise. Research rigor, field of investigation, and developing the field were the three themes emerged from analysis. Participants validated the scoping review methodology and confirmed its results. Moreover, they provided a meta-analysis of the literature, a description of the current CPD ecosystem, and clear indications of what is and should be next for the field. Discussion: This study shows that there is no formal or well-established correlation between eHealth data and CPD planning and programming. Overall findings fill a gap in the literature and provide a basis for further investigation. More foundational work, multidisciplinary collaborations, and stakeholders' engagement are necessary to advance the use of eHealth data analysis for CPD purposes.
An experimental study on the performance of collaborative filtering based on user reviews for large-scale datasets

Collaborative filtering (CF) approaches generate user recommendations based on user similarities. These similarities are calculated based on the overall (explicit) user ratings. However, in some domains, such ratings may be sparse or unavailable. User reviews can play a significant role in such cases, as implicit ratings can be derived from the reviews using sentiment analysis, a natural language processing technique. However, most current studies calculate the implicit ratings by simply aggregating the scores of all sentiment words appearing in reviews and, thus, ignoring the elements of sentiment degrees and aspects of user reviews. This study addresses this issue by calculating the implicit rating differently, leveraging the rich information in user reviews by using both sentiment words and aspect–sentiment word pairs to enhance the CF performance. It proposes four methods to calculate the implicit ratings on large-scale datasets: the first considers the degree of sentiment words, while the second exploits the aspects by extracting aspect-sentiment word pairs to calculate the implicit ratings. The remaining two methods combine explicit ratings with the implicit ratings generated by the first two methods. The generated ratings are then incorporated into different CF rating prediction algorithms to evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing the CF performance. Evaluative experiments of the proposed methods are conducted on two large-scale datasets: Amazon and Yelp. Results of the experiments show that the proposed ratings improved the accuracy of CF rating prediction algorithms and outperformed the explicit ratings in terms of three predictive accuracy metrics.
Cancer Vaccines

Recent advances in immuno-oncology have allowed for the design of more specific and efficient cancer vaccine approaches. There has been an improvement in molecular biology techniques, as well as a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the activation and regulation of T cells and the interplay between the components of the immune system and the escape mechanisms used by cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment. As a result, many interesting developments in therapeutic cancer vaccines are ongoing, with influence on survival still to be proven. The spectrum of tumour antigens that are recognised by T cells is still largely unchartered and, most importantly, dynamically evolving over time, driven by clonal evolution and treatment-driven selection. Vaccine approaches currently in development and tested in clinical studies are based on tumour antigens specifically identified for each tumour type, on tumour cells or dendritic cells, the latter having the potential to be modified to incorporate immunostimulatory genes. However, interplay between the immune system and the tumour and the inhibitory mechanisms developed by tumour cells to subvert immune responses are crucial issues that will need to be targeted in order for efficient therapeutic vaccines to emerge.
The Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Stakeholders in Different Business Contexts

The authors explore two important topics related to this special issue. One is how corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities impacts stakeholders, more specifically customers and shareholders/investors. Second is understanding customer recognition and demand for CSR activities. Insight into these topics is gained through the study of contextual differences in this value creation. Previous studies suggest that two important contextual differences have the potential to impact CSR-based value creation, the product versus service nature of the firm and whether the firm operates primarily in a business-to-business (B2B) versus business-to-consumer (B2C) channel. The lower innovative capabilities of service firms and the relative intangibility of services should hamper the impact of CSR activities in service versus product contexts. The impact should be higher, however, in a B2B versus B2C context based on the need for greater organizational alignment, adaptation, and relationship-specific investments. Results from a large-scale secondary dataset reinforce prior findings that CSR activities influence firm value through customer satisfaction. Moreover, the results reveal that this effect is weaker for service (vs. product) firms and stronger for B2B (vs. B2C) firms. The findings offer important implications for marketing theory and practice. Graphical Abstract
‘The show must go on’: event dramaturgy as consolidation of community

Event dramaturgy and cultural performance have not been examined in the literature from a strategic standpoint of fostering the social value of events. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the case of the Water Carnival, a celebratory event in a rural community of Southwest Texas, demonstrating the essence of this event as a symbolic social space, wherein event participants instantiate a shared and valued sense of community. A hermeneutical approach was employed, interpreting the event and its symbolisms as a text, combined with findings from ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observation, in-depth interviews and analysis of archival documents. The study examines the ways that dramaturgy in the Water Carnival helps frame the ongoing public discourse for community improvement and enhances social capital. The implications of the study for social leverage of events are discussed. It is suggested that a foundation for strategic social planning is the understanding of events as symbolic social spaces and their embeddedness in community development, which can be accomplished when events are pertinent to public discourse, address community issues, represent an inclusive range of stakeholders, and promote cooperation.
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft

Tritium in first wall materials of fusion machines is a matter of concern not only for inventory purposes but also for safety reasons. In the first wall carbon tiles, tritium is found predominantly in a very thin co-deposited layer and/or implanted in the surface layers. Since the tiles must eventually be disposed off in a repository it is necessary to reduce the total tritium inventory in the tiles down to the corresponding Low Level Waste (LLW) category. In this context, the development of detritiation techniques for graphite and CFC tiles removed from the first wall of fusion machines is of paramount importance. However, the experimental techniques investigated until now are limited by the conditions and techniques permissible inside the torus. Nevertheless, for tiles removed from the reactor more severe treatment techniques are acceptable. Working in that direction, numerous screening tests have been carried out at the Tritium Laboratory in Karlsruhe (TLK).
Assessing the Short-Term Hazard of Spacecraft Collision Breakup Debris

The computing flow of collision probability between spacecraft and short-term debris cloud was discussed.Based on the number of debris in cloud,spacecraft cross section and collision probability risk threshold,the method of 'risk region criterion' was presented for quickly determining that whether collision risk of spacecraft and debris cloud is existent or not.Space debris delta-velocity probability density function was deduced by NASA's standard breakup model,and time integral algorithm of collision probability between spacecraft and any debris was built.Due to data quantity quickly rises in computing collision probability between spacecraft and whole debris cloud,the approximate simplified method of 'quasi mean probability' was presented,and computation efficiency is enhanced effectively.Then,effect of objects' orbit error is discussed.Finally,these algorithms are verified by computing and analyzing simulation case.
State-of-the-art of high power gyro-devices and free electron masers update 2001

Gyrotron oscillators (gyromonotrons) are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH), electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD), stability control and diagnostics of magnetically confined plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. The maximum pulse length of commercially available 0.5-1.0 MW gyrotrons is 5 s at 110 GHz and 10 s at 140 GHz and 170 GHz, with efficiencies slightly above 30%. The energy world record of 90 MJ (0.64 MW at 140 s pulse length and 140 GHz) has been achieved by the European FZK-CRPP-TED-CEA collaboration. Total efficiencies around 50 % have been obtained using single-stage depressed collectors. Diagnostic gyrotrons deliver Pout = 40 kW with τ = 40 μs at frequencies up to 650 GHz (η > 4%). Gyrotron oscillators have also been successfully used in materials processing. Such technological applications require gyrotrons with the following parameters: f > 24 GHz, Pout = 10-50 kW, CW, η > 30%. This paper gives an update of the experimental achievements related to the development of high power gyrotron oscillators for long pulse or CW operation and pulsed diagnostic gyrotrons. In addition, this work gives a short overview of the present development status of coaxial cavity gyrotrons, gyrotrons for technological applications, relativistic gyrotrons, quasi-optical gyrotrons, fast- and slow-wave cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs), gyroklystrons, gyro-TWT amplifiers, gyrotwystron amplifiers, gyro-BWO's, gyropeniotrons, magnicons, gyroharmonic converters, free electron masers (FEMs) and of vacuum windows for such high-power mm-wave sources. The highest CW powers produced by gyrotron oscillators, gyroklystrons and FEMs are, respectively, 340 kW (28 GHz), 10 kW (94 GHz) and 36 W (15 GHz). The IR (3.1 μ m) FEL at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility obtained a record average power of 1.72 kW.
Charge transfer during individual collisions in ice growing from vapor deposition

Measurements of charge transfer during individual collisions between ice spheres and a target growing from vapor deposition have been performed in order to establish the importance of fragmentation in the charging process. It is found that when the target is a few degrees colder than the environment, the charge pulses have mixed signs but the number of positive ones becomes dominant as the target temperature decreases. This behavior is reproduced in collisions with dielectric particles and a target in the same growth conditions. Reversal in the temperature gradient reversed the sign of the charge transfer. Direct evidence of fragments produced during collisions suggests that they are responsible for the measured charge transfer.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VALUE-ADDED, REMOTELY SENSED PRODUCT FOR COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION*

Applications developed from remotely sensed data can provide natural and agricultural resource managers with critical information on vegetation health and vigor. The usefulness of such applications is dependent upon the timeliness of the data delivery and the ability of users to extract meaningful information. Although remotely sensed data have been readily available for over 25 years, developing products that were both timely in delivery and useful for strategic planning was cost prohibitive due to technological limitations in the processing and delivery systems. To overcome these limitations, in 1991 the Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (KARS) Program at the University of Kansas joined with a private company to establish TerraMetrics, Inc., formed to develop and distribute value-added remote sensing and GIS products. The first product to be developed was The GreenReport®, which is a set of four maps produced each week from AVHRR composites for the conterminous United States, that illustrate vegetation/crop condition and progress. Agrimetrix was formed in April of 1999 to create products that combine historical and real-time remotely sensed data with historic weather data, to model and predict trends in vegetation growth and condition.
Proposal : Type Theory for Mobility and Locality

In this thesis, we consider distributed programming from a type-theoretic, logical perspective. We develop a calculus for distributed programming based on a constructive modal logic. Through a Curry-Howard interpretation of proof terms as programs and propositions as types, we show that logical necessity is connected to mobility, and possibility to remote locality. We give an operational interpretation based on process configurations, where each process serves as an abstract location. We then show how to extend the calculus in various ways, raising the question of what a proper typetheoretic notion of immobility would be. Finally, we discuss issues that arise when one considers implementation of the calculus, both promising opportunities and practical
Proposal : Design and Evaluation of the Hamal Parallel Computer

We wish to investigate design principles for general-purpose shared memory computers. Specific areas of interest are silicon efficiency, scalability, and RAM integration. Experiments will be performed using a cycle accurate simulator for the Hamal parallel computer. In this proposal we present an overview of the Hamal architecture and our plans for evaluating various mechanisms.
Preservation of shell microstructure in silicified brachiopods from the Upper Cretaceous Wilmington Sands of Devon

Summary From a study of silicified fossils, and in particular the microstructure of brachiopods, from the Wilmington Sands (Upper Cretaceous) of Devon, a model of skeletal silicification is proposed. Three distinct morphologies of silica were formed, controlled by the relative rates of silica supply and carbonate dissolution: (a) a fine-scale replacement of the original shell microstructure where silica was abundant; (b) a concentric ring morphology called ‘beekite’ where silica supply was limited, and (c) a granular white crust formed where carbonate dissolution was restricted. Silicification occurred during early diagenesis as a result of bacterial decay of organic matter intimately associated with skeletal fragments, within a sediment of restricted permeability. A build-up of CO2 probably caused dissolution of skeletal carbonate, and bicarbonate released from this caused local precipitation of silica. The proposed mechanism is belived to be of general applicability to micrite-rich carbonate sediments.
Some speculations on the Paleogene and Neogene tectonics of Jamaica

Many neotectonic structures (<15 Ma) in Jamaica are best understood as reactivations (or inversion) of Paleogene structures (65–22 Ma). In the Paleocene, Jamaica underwent crustal extension which formed north‐northwest‐trending listric normal faults, including those of the Wagwater Belt which occupied a half‐graben formed over the northeast‐dipping Wagwater Fault. From the Middle Eocene (45 Ma) to Late Oligocene (23 Ma), further subsidence (possibly thermally induced following lithospheric thinning) resulted in the accumulation of a carbonate bank. Beginning in the Early to Middle Miocene, the tectonic regime changed to one of active east–west‐trending, left‐lateral, strike‐slip motion that persists to the present day. New east–west‐trending faults formed during this phase, but secondary northeast–southwest shortening produced in this regime reactivated many of the older, Paleogene north‐northwest‐trending structures. In eastern Jamaica, oblique thrust motion is concentrated on the Wagwater Fault, tectonically inverting the Wagwater Belt. The Long Mountain anticline may be a fault propagation fold over a thrust that branched from the main Wagwater Fault surface. Motion on the Silver Hill Plantain Garden Fault system resulted in the northward rotation of the Blue Mountain Block around an approximately horizontal axis and revealing the upper crustal structure of eastern Jamaica. In the central part of Jamaica, north‐northwest‐trending faults divide the terrane into a series of blocks. Evidence of right‐lateral, horizontal‐slip on some of the faults and palaeomagnetic results may suggest a domino‐style, anticlockwise rotation around vertical axis by about 10°. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Livingstone 1236H, a Desiccation-Resistant Strain That Poses a Salmonellosis Hazard in Low-Moisture Foods

Salmonella enterica serovar Livingstone 1236H was isolated originally from peanut butter and represents a health risk in low-moisture foods. The current work presents the strain’s genome sequencing results, which show a 4,824,729-bp genome sequence and 4,435 protein coding sequences, including some that are involved in adaptation to low-moisture environments. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Livingstone 1236H was isolated originally from peanut butter and represents a health risk in low-moisture foods. The current work presents the strain’s genome sequencing results, which show a 4,824,729-bp genome sequence and 4,435 protein coding sequences, including some that are involved in adaptation to low-moisture environments.