Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFECTO DE GLUCOSA SOBRE CÉLULAS RENALES EFFECT OF GLUCOSE ON RENAL CELLS

RESUMEN La hiperglicemia es la principal causa de las complicaciones vasculares en la diabetes, tales como la nefropatia diabetica, pero los mecanismos de estos efectos daninos no se conocen. Diversas moleculas han sido involucradas en la senalizacion entre estas se incluyen citocinas proinflamatorias como IL-6 y TGF-β1. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los efectos de la hiperglucemia sobre el citoesqueleto y la produccion de citocinas en cultivos de celulas renales humanas. La induccion de la hiperglucemia en cultivos celulares (HEK-293), fue mediante la adicion de 20mM D-glucosa, durante 48 y 72 h y la concentracion de glucosa de las celulas control, fue de 5.5mM. Las fibras de actina fueron analizadas con faloidina –FITC y la produccion de IL-6 y TGF-β1 fue determinada mediante kits de ELISA. Los resultados muestran que la exposicion de celulas a altas concentraciones de glucosa estimulan la produccion de IL-6 y TGF-β1, ademas el citoesqueleto de actina es alterado presentandose agregados de actina en la region cortical de la membrana. En conclusion la glucosa induce alteracion de citocinas y estructuras celulares, danando el epitelio renal y consecuentemente se presenta la nefropatia diabetica. Palabras Clave: citoesqueleto, citocinas, hiperglucemia, nefropatia. ABSTRACT Hyperglycemia is one of the major causes of vascular complications in diabetes, such as diabetic nephrophaty but the mechanism of its detrimental effects is not clear. Molecules involved in signalling are diverse and include proinflamatories cytokines as Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-β1) and Interleukin -6 (IL-6). The aim of the present study was to determine in human renal cell culture the effects of hyperglycemia on cytoskeleton and cytokines levels. The induction of hyperglycemia in cell culture (HEK-293), was by addition of 20mM D- glucose, during 48 and 72 h and the control cell has normal glucose concentration (5.5mM). Using Plloidin-FITC as analized of actin fibers and IL-6 and TGF-β1 were determined by ELISA kits. These results shown that exposure of cells to hyperglycemia stimulates IL-6 and TGF-β1 production, moreover actin cytoskeleton is altered i.e. actin cumulus in region cortical of membrane was observed. In conclusion the glucose induced alteration of cytokines and cell structures injured renal epithelial and consequently is present the diabetic nephropathy. Key Words: cytoskeleton, cytokines, hyperglycemia, nephropathy.
Improved Ray Casting of Procedural Distance Bounds

In this article, we present performance and quality enhancements for ray casting procedural distance bounds using sphere tracing: First, we propose a safe overrelaxation method for accelerating the tracing process and evaluate different variants of the algorithm. Second, we introduce a technique for preventing self-intersections, which enables controlling the precision and rendering performance. In addition, we show a method for significant acceleration of the intersection test when sphere tracing convex objects. We further present a screen-space metric for retrieval of intersection point candidates, in case sphere tracing does not converge. Thereby, we allow for an increase of the rendering quality without sacrificing performance. Further, we reduce common discontinuity artifacts in sphere tracing using a fixed-point iteration algorithm. The algorithms depicted in this article are universally applicable beyond rendering complex procedurally generated scenes in real time. We demonstrate this by integratin.
Regional aerobic glycolysis in the human brain

Aerobic glycolysis is defined as glucose utilization in excess of that used for oxidative phosphorylation despite sufficient oxygen to completely metabolize glucose to carbon dioxide and water. Aerobic glycolysis is present in the normal human brain at rest and increases locally during increased neuronal activity; yet its many biological functions have received scant attention because of a prevailing energy-centric focus on the role of glucose as substrate for oxidative phosphorylation. As an initial step in redressing this neglect, we measured the regional distribution of aerobic glycolysis with positron emission tomography in 33 neurologically normal young adults at rest. We show that the distribution of aerobic glycolysis in the brain is differentially present in previously well-described functional areas. In particular, aerobic glycolysis is significantly elevated in medial and lateral parietal and prefrontal cortices. In contrast, the cerebellum and medial temporal lobes have levels of aerobic glycolysis significantly below the brain mean. The levels of aerobic glycolysis are not strictly related to the levels of brain energy metabolism. For example, sensory cortices exhibit high metabolic rates for glucose and oxygen consumption but low rates of aerobic glycolysis. These striking regional variations in aerobic glycolysis in the normal human brain provide an opportunity to explore how brain systems differentially use the diverse cell biology of glucose in support of their functional specializations in health and disease.
Fixed Point Probability Field for Occlusion Handling ( EPFL Technical Report ID : IC / 2004 / 87 )

In this paper, we show that in a multi-camera context, we can effectively handle occlusions at each time frame independently, even when the only available data comes from the binary output of a fairly primitive motion detector. We start from occupancy probability estimates in a top view and rely on a generative model to yield probability images to be compared with the actual input images. We then refine the estimates so that the probability images match the binary input images as well as possible. We demonstrate the quality of our results on several sequences involving complex occlusions.
The influence of age and the initial clinical presentations of patients with an arteriovenous malformation on the risk of hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The major determinants of hemorrhage in an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) include its angioarchitecture, as well as the patient's age and clinical presentation. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the risk of hemorrhage in an AVM differs based on the different clinical presentations and the initial age at diagnosis. METHODS A consecutive case series of 496 patients having a brain AVM was retrospectively analyzed. The radiological evidence of hemorrhage was established in 84 of these cases after the initial diagnosis of AVM had been made. These cases were analyzed using univariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves with respect to age at diagnosis, the clinical presentation of patients harboring the AVM as well as the Spetzler-Martin grade of the AVM. RESULTS Hemorrage occurred in 84 patients with an AVM during a mean duration of 2.5 years (range, 1month-28 years). In univariate analysis, a subsequent hemorrhage within an AVM was associated with the following factors: When the patients initially presented with a hemorrhage, and, had a younger age (<30 years), female gender, and Spetzler-Martin III and IV grades. By analysis of the Kaplan-Meier curves, it was estimated that the annual hemorrhage rate was 12.3% in those cases who initially presented with hemorrhage, compared with 3.5% for those cases whose initial presentation was not associated with AVM bleed. In the latter category (i.e., patients who did not have hemorrhage as the initial presentation), the annual rate of subsequent hemorrhage was lower for those patients who initially presented with seizures than those who had other initial presentations (such as those having neurological deficits, headaches, or those incidentally detected to be having an AVM) (with the bleeding rate being 1.9% in those with seizures as the initial presentation vs. 4.6% for the other presentations or those with incidentally detected AVMs, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The subsequent occurrence of hemorrhage in an AVM was associated with the initial presentation of hemorrhage, a younger patient's age (<30 years), the female gender, and Spetzler-Martin grades III and IV. The risk of subsequent hemorrhage in patients with an initial presentation of a seizure was lower than the risk of hemorrhage that occurred with other presentations. Patients with an AVM who present with recurrent headaches, and those in whom the AVM has been detected incidentally, should also be kept under surveillance as they too manifest a risk of a subsequent hemorrhage.
A Comparative Review of Migration of Legacy Systems

— The Modernization of Legacy System is made appealing by several features of SOA in today’s world and migration of applications to the Cloud. In order to carry out a comparative review on the decades old migration approaches are classified in to Early Migration Approaches, SOA Migration Approaches and Cloud Migration. A comparative review is presented among this categories to depict the migration requirements. This paper also provides the research opportunities in the context of migration of legacy systems focusing on Legacy System Understanding, Study of Artefacts and their Relationships .
Infectious complications occurring in liver transplant recipients receiving mycophenolate mofetil.

BACKGROUND Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a new immunosuppressive agent that is gaining widespread use in solid organ transplantation recipients. A comprehensive assessment of infectious complications after its use after liver transplantation has never been assessed. METHODS Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections occurring after transplantation were compared for a cohort of consecutive liver transplant recipients who received MMF (because of suspected tacrolimus-related nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity) and a cohort who did not receive the drug. All patients received a tacrolimus-based primary immunosuppressive protocol. RESULTS Biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes within the first 6 months after transplant occurred in 6% of MMF-treated patients but in 30% of those who did not receive MMF (P=0.07). No significant differences were found in occurrence of cytomegalovirus infection or disease, Pneumocystis carinii, Aspergillus, or other fungal infection and hepatitis C virus recurrence between MMF-treated and untreated patients. Bacterial infections were more common in MMF-treated patients, but this cohort had a prolonged intensive care unit stay compared with patients who did not receive MMF. None of the MMF-treated patients with bacterial infection had leukopenia. CONCLUSIONS MMF use does not appear to be associated with an significantly increased risk of infection occurring after liver transplantation and is associated with fewer episodes of acute rejection.
CHOP alone compared with CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma in elderly patients: a study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte.

PURPOSE Chemoradiotherapy has been considered standard treatment for patients with limited-stage aggressive lymphoma on the basis of trials conducted before the introduction of the International Prognostic Index. To evaluate this approach in elderly patients with low-risk localized lymphoma, we conducted a trial comparing chemoradiotherapy with chemotherapy alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Previously untreated patients older than 60 years with localized stage I or II histologically aggressive lymphoma and no adverse prognostic factors of the International Prognostic Index were randomly assigned to receive either four cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) plus involved-field radiotherapy (299 patients) or chemotherapy alone with four cycles of CHOP (277 patients). RESULTS With a median follow-up time of 7 years, event-free and overall survival did not differ between the two treatment groups (P = .6 and P = .5, respectively). The 5-year estimates of event-free survival were 61% for patients receiving chemotherapy alone and 64% for patients receiving CHOP plus radiotherapy; the 5-year estimates of overall survival were 72% and 68%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, overall survival was affected by stage II disease (P < .001) and male sex (P = .03). CONCLUSION In this large prospective study, CHOP plus radiotherapy did not provide any advantage over CHOP alone for the treatment of low-risk localized aggressive lymphoma in elderly patients.
Mertk Deficiency Affects Macrophage Directional Migration via Disruption of Cytoskeletal Organization

Mertk belongs to the Tyro3, Axl and Mertk (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, and plays a pivotal role in regulation of cytoskeletal rearrangement during phagocytosis. Phagocytosis by either professional or non-professional phagocytes is impaired in the Mertk deficient individual. In the present study, we further investigated the effects of Mertk mutation on peritoneal macrophage morphology, attachment, spreading and movement. Mertk-mutated macrophages exhibited decreased attachment, weak spreading, loss of spindle-like body shape and lack of clear leading and trailing edges within the first few hours of culture, as observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. Time-lapse video photography recording showed that macrophage without Mertk conducted mainly random movement with oscillating swing around the cell body, and lost the directional migration action seen on the WT cells. Western blotting showed a decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Immunocytochemistry revealed that actin filaments and dynamic protein myosin II failed to concentrate in the leading edge of migrating cells. Microtubules were localized mainly in one side of mutant cell body, with no clear MTOC and associated radially-distributed microtubule bundles, which were clearly evident in the WT cells. Our results suggest that Mertk deficiency affects not only phagocytosis but also cell shape and migration, likely through a common regulatory mechanism on cytoskeletons.
Is Evaluating Visual Search Interfaces in Digital Libraries Still an Issue?

Although various visual interfaces for digital libraries have been developed in prototypical systems, very few of these visual approaches have been integrated into today's digital libraries. In this position paper we argue that this is most likely due to the fact that the evaluation results of most visual systems lack comparability. There is no fix standard on how to evaluate visual interactive user interfaces. Therefore it is not possible to identify which approach is more suitable for a certain context. We feel that the comparability of evaluation results could be improved by building a common evaluation setup consisting of a reference system, based on a standardized corpus with fixed tasks and a panel for possible participants.
Auxiliary variables in conditional Gaussian mixtures for automatic speech recognition

In previous work, we presented a case study using an estimated pitch value as the conditioning variable in conditional Gaussians that showed the utility of hiding the pitch values in certain situations or in modeling it independently of the hidden state in others. Since only single conditional Gaussians were used in that work, we extend that work here to using conditional Gaussian mixtures in the emission distributions to make this work more comparable to state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition. We also introduce a rate-of-speech (ROS) variable within the conditional Gaussian mixtures. We find that, under the current methods, using observed pitch or ROS in the recognition phase does not provide improvement. However, systems trained on pitch or ROS may provide improvement in the recognition phase over the baseline when the pitch or ROS is marginalized out.
Loss of NSCL-2 in Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Neurons Leads to Reduction of Pro-Opiomelanocortin Neurons in Specific Hypothalamic Nuclei and Causes Visceral Obesity

Regulation of sexual reproduction and energy homeostasis are closely interconnected, but only few efforts were made to explore the impact of gonadotropic neurons on metabolic processes. We have used Nscl-2 mutant mice suffering from adult onset of obesity and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to study effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons on neuronal circuits controlling energy balance. Inactivation of Nscl-2 in GnRH neurons but not in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons reduced POMC neurons and increased visceral fat mass, suggesting a critical role of GnRH cells in the regulation of POMC neurons. In contrast, absence of POMC processing in the majority of Nscl-2-deficient POMC neurons had no effect on energy homeostasis. Finally, we investigated the cellular basis of the reduction of GnRH neurons in NSCL-2 mutants using a lineage tracing approach. We found that loss of Nscl-2 results in aberrant migration of GnRH neurons in Nscl-2 mutant mice causing a lineage switch of ectopically located GnRH neurons.
!N )NTEGRATIVE 2EVIEW OF 9OUTH $EVELOPMENT 2ESEARCH IN 3ELECTED 5NITED 3TATES 2ECREATION *OURNALS

*ASONN"OCARRO 0"RIANN'REENWOOD +ARLAA! (ENDERSONN %8%#54)6%%35-! 29Youth have been a focus of recreation and leisure programmers for over a century. During that time, assumptions have been made about the value of recreation for young people. More recently, a resurgence of interest has occurred related to positive youth development. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of an integrative review done to examine research conducted with youth as a focal point in four prominent U.S. based recreation journals over the past 21 years (1985-2005). We sought to discern thematic patterns in topical areas and to review the approaches and methods used. Systematic content and thematic analyses of the Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, Therapeutic Recreation Journal, Leisure Sciences, and the Journal of Leisure Research were used. Findings showed that the research done about youth related to some aspect of recreation or leisure in the past ten years eclipsed what was done from 1985-1996. A variety of research methods were used with an equitable distribution of survey, literature reviews, experimental designs, and qualitative methods. The youth examined were primarily mixed gender groups, but boys were twice as likely to be studied as girls when single sex studies were undertaken. Most of the research was done with adolescent (ages 10-18 years) youth. Almost no research has been done in the recreation field related to early childhood (ages 1-4 years). The 11 major themes or topics that were studied in the past 21 years included: youth culture and leisure; leisure programming, treatment , and intervention; research, measurement, and evaluation; demographic factors; management, administration, and policy of youth programs; benefits of leisure for youth; youth and family leisure; recreation settings and leisure spaces; risk behaviors and delinquency; human development and developmental issues; and social behavior. In the integrative review, the focus on benefits and accountability relative to youth programs was obvious. The parallels between social change and youth development were also evident in the review. Recommendations for future research include more evidence-based work that links the program or intervention directly to youth development outcomes, as well as a focus on emerging topics such as physical inactivity
A Twelve-Ports Dual-Polarized MIMO Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna for UWB Applications

A twelve-port dual-polarized multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is proposed in this paper. In the MIMO antenna, there are 12 antennas, six for horizontal polarization and six for vertical polarization. In order to achieve dual linear polarizations and beam switching, six horizontal antennas are placed in a sequential, rotating arrangement on a horizontal substrate panel with an equal inclination angle of 60° to form a symmetrical structure, while the other six antennas for vertical polarization are inserted through slots made on the horizontal substrate panel. In addition, all twelve antennas share a hexagon common ground on the back of substrate and feed by micro-strip line. A prototype of the MIMO antenna is manufactured and the reflection coefficients, coupling isolation, radiation pattern and peak gain are measured. The MIMO performance of the MIMO LPDA antenna is predicted and evaluated by envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and total active reflection coefficient (TARC).
ABR Engineering : Roles and Guidelines for Setting ABR Parameters

This paper discusses the role of parameters negotiated and used for ow control in the ATM ABR service, and gives guidelines for setting each parameter. The e ect of the speed of the links on the path from the source to the destination, and the round trip time of the connection, on the ABR parameter values is discussed. We also give simulation results to illustrate the e ect of various parameter values on the performance of the ABR connection, in terms of both throughput and queue lengths.
Habituation of Backward Escape Swimming in the Marbled Crayfish

In the present study, we performed behavioral analyses of the habituation of backward escape swimming in the marbled crayfish, Procambarus fallax. Application of rapid mechanical stimulation to the rostrum elicited backward swimming following rapid abdominal flexion of crayfish. Response latency was very short—tens of msec—suggesting that backward swimming is mediated by MG neurons. When stimulation was repeated with 10 sec interstimulus intervals the MG-like tailflip did not occur, as the animals showed habituation. Retention of habituation was rather short, with most animals recovering from habituation within 10 min. Previous experience of habituation was remembered and animals habituated faster during a second series of experiments with similar repetitive stimuli. About half the number of stimulus trials was necessary to habituate in the second test compared to the first test. This promotion of habituation was observed in animals with delay periods of rest within 60 min following the first habituation. After 90 min of rest from the first habitation, animals showed a similar time course for the second habituation. With five stimuli at 15 min interval during 90 min of the rest, trained animals showed rapid habituation, indicating reinforcement of the memory of previous experiments. Crayfish also showed dishabituation when mechanical stimulation was applied to the tail following habituation.
Mathematical model of the general problem of state classification in wireless sensor networks

This paper considers a mathematical model of the general classification problem in wireless sensor networks. We present the fields of application of sensor networks, the existing types of sensors used in data networks are listed, as well as the most typical conditions of sensor networks. The main attention is paid to the analysis of mathematical models of classification tasks, evaluating its parameters. As a result, there has been developed a mathematical model of the problem of the classification of states in wireless sensor networks, taking into account factors such as inaccuracies in the sensor readings, the dynamics of the number of sensors, dynamic network conditions, and their priority. This object allows you to move on to the next stage of the classification network conditions, the development of the classification algorithm.