Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global tropospheric ozone modeling: Quantifying errors due to grid resolution

[1] Ozone production in global chemical models is dependent on model resolution because ozone chemistry is inherently nonlinear, the timescales for chemical production are short, and precursors are artificially distributed over the spatial scale of the model grid. In this study we examine the sensitivity of ozone, its precursors, and its production to resolution by running a global chemical transport model at four different resolutions between T21 (5.6� � 5.6� ) and T106 (1.1� � 1.1� ) and by quantifying the errors in regional and global budgets. The sensitivity to vertical mixing through the parameterization of boundary layer turbulence is also examined. We find less ozone production in the boundary layer at higher resolution, consistent with slower chemical production in polluted emission regions and greater export of precursors. Agreement with ozonesonde and aircraft measurements made during the NASA TRACE-P campaign over the western Pacific in spring 2001 is consistently better at higher resolution. We demonstrate that the numerical errors in transport processes on a given resolution converge geometrically for a tracer at successively higher resolutions. The convergence in ozone production on progressing from T21 to T42, T63, and T106 resolution is likewise monotonic but indicates that there are still large errors at 120 km scales, suggesting that T106 resolution is too coarse to resolve regional ozone production. Diagnosing the ozone production and precursor transport that follow a short pulse of emissions over east Asia in springtime allows us to quantify the impacts of resolution on both regional and global ozone. Production close to continental emission regions is overestimated by 27% at T21 resolution, by 13% at T42 resolution, and by 5% at T106 resolution. However, subsequent ozone production in the free troposphere is not greatly affected. We find that the export of short-lived precursors such as NOx by convection is overestimated at coarse resolution.
A Cascade Multilevel Converter of Switched Reluctance Motor and Its Control Timing Sequence

A kind of cells cascaded multilevel converter of switched reluctance motor was proposed, which can be made up of low voltage power electronic devices and can be applied to drive high voltage switched reluctance motor. Based on introducing the main circuit topology, the operating modes and the voltage superposition law of proposed converter, the control strategy for the switched reluctance drive by the use of proposed converter was analyzed and a kind of corresponding control time sequence was established. By means of Matlab/Simulink simulation and actual system experiment, the system controlled under proposed timing sequence was validated to have good driving performance. In addition, the experiment result shows that the power converter has almost no harmonic pollution to the power source and has a high grid-side power factor because of employing phase-shifting transformer and multi-pulse rectifier in the input port, the threat against insulation of the motor winding decreased with the lessening of voltage gradient of the motor winding by making the winding voltage to vary in multi-level. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.
The Increasing Annuitization of the Elderly- Estimates and Implications for Intergenerational Tranfers, Inequality, and National Saving

This paper examines changes over time in the degree to which the resources (human plus nonhuman wealth) of the elderly have been annuitized. Using data from the 1962 and 1983 Federal Reserve Surveys of Consumer Finances we find evidence of an increase in annuitization which is particularly pronounced among the older elderly (those over 75) and among women. The estimated 1983 flow of aggregate bequests to children and grandchildren would have been 20% larger were it not for this increase in annuitization. The change in annuitization may have contributed significantly to the recent decline of the U.S. national saving rate.
Using Risk Dominance Strategy in Poker

Risk dominance strategy is a complementary part of game theory decision strategy besides payoﬀ dominance. It is widely used in decision of economic behavior and other game conditions with risk characters. In research of imperfect information games, the rationality of risk dominance strategy has been proved while it is also wildly adopted by human players. In this paper, a decision model guided by risk dominance is introduced. The novel model provides poker agents of rational strategies which is relative but not equals simply decision of “bluﬃng or no”. Neural networks and speciﬁed probability tables are applied to improve its performance. In our experiments, agent with the novel model shows an improved performance when playing against our former version of poker agent named HITSZ CS 13 which participated Annual Computer Poker Competition of 2013. The macroscopical results and analysis of details all coﬁrms the eﬀectiveness of works provided in this paper.
Immunomodulation of Nanoparticles in Nanomedicine Applications

Nanoparticles (NPs) have promising applications in medicine. Immune system is an important protective system to defend organisms from non-self matters. NPs interact with the immune system and modulate its function, leading to immunosuppression or immunostimulation. These modulating effects may bring benefits or danger. Compositions, sizes, and surface chemistry, and so forth, affect these immunomodulations. Here we give an overview of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of NPs, which are candidates to be applied in medicine, and their immunomodulation properties.
Changes in the root‐associated fungal communities along a primary succession gradient analysed by 454 pyrosequencing

We investigated changes in the root‐associated fungal communities associated with the ectomycorrhizal herb Bistorta vivipara along a primary succession gradient using 454 amplicon sequencing. Our main objective was to assess the degree of variation in fungal richness and community composition as vegetation cover increases along the chronosequence. Sixty root systems of B. vivipara were sampled in vegetation zones delimited by dated moraines in front of a retreating glacier in Norway. We extracted DNA from rinsed root systems, amplified the ITS1 region using fungal‐specific primers and analysed the amplicons using 454 sequencing. Between 437 and 5063 sequences were obtained from each root system. Clustering analyses using a 98.5% sequence similarity cut‐off yielded a total of 470 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), excluding singletons. Between eight and 41 fungal OTUs were detected within each root system. Already in the first stage of succession, a high fungal diversity was present in the B. vivipara root systems. Total number of OTUs increased significantly along the gradient towards climax vegetation, but the average number of OTUs per root system stayed unchanged. There was a high patchiness in distribution of fungal OTUs across root systems, indicating that stochastic processes to a large extent structure the fungal communities. However, time since deglaciation had impact on the fungal community structure, as a systematic shift in the community composition was observed along the chronosequence. Ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes were the dominant fungi in the roots of B. vivipara, when it comes to both number of OTUs and number of sequences.
Oblivious Search and Updates for Outsourced Tree-Structured Data on Untrusted Servers

Although tree-based index structures, such as B+ -trees, R-trees, have proven their advantages to both traditional and modern database applications, they introduce numerous research challenges as database services are outsourced to untrusted servers. In the outsourced database service (ODBS) model, the crucial security research questions mainly relate to data confidentiality, data and user privacy, authentication and data integrity. To the best of our knowledge, however, none of the previous research has radically addressed the problem of pr eserving privacy for basic operations on such outsourced search trees. Basic operations of search trees/tree-based index structures include search (to answer different types of queries) and updates (modification, insert, delete). In this paper, we will discuss security issues in outsourced databases that come together with search trees, and present techniques to ensure privacy in the execution of these trees’ basic operations on the untrusted server. Our techniques allow clients to operate on their outsourced tree-structured data on untrusted servers without revealing information about the query, result, and the outsourced data itself.
A Declarative Approach to Stateful Intrusion Detection and Network Monitoring

In this paper we present a new approach to stateful intrusion detection. It is based on a temporal logic which has the capability to express temporary properties, which are properties lying between events. The detection of those events can in turn depend of others temporary properties. The aim of this logic is to model knowledge gathering. It is basically propositional logic, to which we’ve added a single temporal operator, which allows to define limits of temporary properties.
A Double-Slot Structure as the metasurface geometric phase generating atom for beam controlling

In this paper, a Double-Slot Structure is employed as an atom of metasurfaces for generation of the geometric phase variation on the surface plane. This atom is used for constructing super cells for generating the extraordinary reflection and transmission beams. The numerical results demonstrate that this kind of metasurface can generate the extraordinary reflection and refraction beams up to 54.1 degrees. Note that the structure contains only metal in free space. If loaded with a dielectric substrate, it is expected to further reduce the size of the resonant atom, and hence further increase the extraordinary reflection angle and transmission angles. Because this structure is resonating at the working frequency, both the extraordinary reflection and refraction are significant. The structure is very simple, and is also easy to fabricate for use in very high frequency, for instance in Terahertz domain.
Multiple enhanced self-protected spanning trees based architecture for recovery from single failure in metro ethernet

Carriers and service providers are rushing to provide Ethernet-based virtual private network services in metro area network (MAN) as the most cost effective way to address the needs of the enterprise network market. To address the fast recovery from any signal failure issue in the Metro Ethernet, we propose a metro Ethernet architecture based on multiple Enhanced Self-protected Spanning Trees (ESST). The recovery mechanism, named Birthday-based Link Replacing Mechanism (BLRM), in this architecture is able to transform a self-protected spanning tree into another spanning tree after any signal link or node failure. Simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the BLRM in achieving fast recovery.
Cell Surface Trk Receptors Mediate NGF-Induced Survival While Internalized Receptors Regulate NGF-Induced Differentiation

Internalization and transport of a ligand-receptor complex are required to initiate cell body responses to target-derived neurotrophin. However, it is not known whether internalized receptors and cell surface receptors initiate the same signaling pathways and biological responses. Here we use a temperature-sensitive mutant of dynamin (G273D) to control the subcellular localization of activated NGF receptors (Trks). We show that dynamin function is required for ligand-dependent endocytosis of Trk receptors. In PC12 cells, nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation promotes both survival and neuronal differentiation. These distinct biological responses to NGF are controlled by receptors signaling from different locations within the cell. Neuronal differentiation is promoted by catalytically active Trks within endosomes in the cell interior. In contrast, survival responses are initiated by activated receptors at the cell surface where they orchestrate prolonged activation of the kinase Akt. Thus, interactions between Trk receptor tyrosine kinases and intracellular signaling molecules are dictated both by phosphotyrosine motifs within the receptors and by the intracellular location of phosphorylated receptors.
Aid and Growth Revisited: Policy, Economic Vulnerability and Political Instability

This paper revisits the relationship between aid and growth, adding new assumptions to the standard Burnside-Dollar model, where aid effectiveness depends only on policy: 1) policy itself depends on aid, which involves a dynamic formulation of the standard model, 2) aid effectiveness (positively) depends on structural economic vulnerability, 3) it depends (negatively) on political instability. An augmented model including these assumptions is estimated on 5-year subperiods from 1965 to 1999 for 59 developing countries, using the Arellano-Bond GMM estimator and new composite indicators of policy, economic vulnerability, political instability. None of the previous assumptions is rejected. It follows that an "efficient" allocation of aid has to consider not only the quality of the present policy, but also its potential improvement, the economic vulnerability faced by the recipient country (more aid needed), and its political instability as well (aid less effective).
Case-control study of human papillomavirus and oropharyngeal cancer.

BACKGROUND Substantial molecular evidence suggests a role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma, but epidemiologic data have been inconsistent. METHODS We performed a hospital-based, case-control study of 100 patients with newly diagnosed oropharyngeal cancer and 200 control patients without cancer to evaluate associations between HPV infection and oropharyngeal cancer. Multivariate logistic-regression models were used for case-control comparisons. RESULTS A high lifetime number of vaginal-sex partners (26 or more) was associated with oropharyngeal cancer (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 6.5), as was a high lifetime number of oral-sex partners (6 or more) (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 8.8). The degree of association increased with the number of vaginal-sex and oral-sex partners (P values for trend, 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). Oropharyngeal cancer was significantly associated with oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) infection (odds ratio, 14.6; 95% CI, 6.3 to 36.6), oral infection with any of 37 types of HPV (odds ratio, 12.3; 95% CI, 5.4 to 26.4), and seropositivity for the HPV-16 L1 capsid protein (odds ratio, 32.2; 95% CI, 14.6 to 71.3). HPV-16 DNA was detected in 72% (95% CI, 62 to 81) of 100 paraffin-embedded tumor specimens, and 64% of patients with cancer were seropositive for the HPV-16 oncoprotein E6, E7, or both. HPV-16 L1 seropositivity was highly associated with oropharyngeal cancer among subjects with a history of heavy tobacco and alcohol use (odds ratio, 19.4; 95% CI, 3.3 to 113.9) and among those without such a history (odds ratio, 33.6; 95% CI, 13.3 to 84.8). The association was similarly increased among subjects with oral HPV-16 infection, regardless of their tobacco and alcohol use. By contrast, tobacco and alcohol use increased the association with oropharyngeal cancer primarily among subjects without exposure to HPV-16. CONCLUSIONS Oral HPV infection is strongly associated with oropharyngeal cancer among subjects with or without the established risk factors of tobacco and alcohol use.
Efficient Multicast Routing Techniques in ZigBee Provides Efficient Communication between Sensor Nodes to the Same Group through Wireless Sensor Network

Data transmission in the wireless sensor network is more unreliable than it is in the wired network whereas the wireless network provides a low data rate and higher bit error rate ratio as compared to the wired network. Group communication in wireless sensor network (WSN) requires an efficient multicast routing due to inherent resources and computing constraint of sensor nodes. IEEE 802.15. 4/Zigbee has been considered as a promising technology for wireless sensor network. Zigbee protocol stack provide selectable levels of security using AES-128 mechanism for privacy, sender authentication, message integrity. In this, a group is defined as a set of nodes that will share the same sensory information. The main contribution of this paper is we will propose an efficient multicast routing mechanism for groups by using favorable algorithm in a cluster of wireless sensor network to increase the efficiency and reliability of the network with the standard specification. Keywords— Zigbee, Wireless Sensor Network, Multicast, Routing, Reliability.
Hippocampal context processing is critical for interference free recall of odor memories in rats

Interference is a critical problem for memory systems and a primary cause of retrieval failure. One strategy for minimizing interference is to associate the items to be remembered with the context in which they were learned. For example, human subjects who learn two lists of words in separate contexts experience less interference and better recall than subjects who learn both lists in the same context. The hippocampus has long been known to be involved in processing contextual information and recent studies have shown that hippocampal neurons exhibit context‐unique firing patterns that could serve as a neural representation of the context. These observations suggest that hippocampal context processing may play a critical role in overcoming interference. To test this hypothesis, we adapted the context based list learning procedure for use with rats. Control rats and rats given temporary lesions of the hippocampus were trained on two lists of eight odor pairs, either in the same context or in different contexts. To induce interference, some of the odors appeared on both lists with their predictive value reversed. As with human subjects, rats that learned the two lists in different contexts performed significantly better than rats that learned the lists in the same context. However, hippocampal lesions completely abolished this contextual learning advantage. We also trained rats on a low interference version of the task by using lists that did not contain any common items. Interestingly, rats with hippocampal lesions were entirely unimpaired when the learning situation did not involve high levels of interference. These findings are consistent with the idea that the hippocampus encodes contexts and further suggest that hippocampal context coding is beneficial because it provides a means of overcoming interference. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two-Stream convolutional nets for action recognition in untrimmed video

We extend the two-stream convolutional net architecture developed by Simonyan for action recognition in untrimmed video clips. The main challenges of this project are first replicating the results of Simonyan et al, and then extending the pipeline to apply it to much longer video clips in which no actions of interest are taking place most of the time. We explore aspects of the performance of the two-stream model on UCF101 to elucidate the current barriers to better performance in both UCF101 and untrimmed video. We also explore whether or not training on the background videos from the Thumos Challenge dataset (in which no actions of interest occur in the video) improves action recognition.
Collective Bargaining, Macroeconomic Performance, and the Sectoral Composition of Trade Unions

Strong exposed-sector unions and weak public-sector unions are seen as having beneficial effects on macroeconomic performance. Although these effects must work through the bargaining structure, the interaction with union composition is unclarified. This paper argues that the interaction effect qualitatively differs with the bargaining type. The findings show that the performance of pattern bargaining significantly increases with growing exposed-sector union strength whereas uncoordinated bargaining and centrally coordinated bargaining do not interact with union composition.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Reading the Single- and Interactive-Mind

Understanding minds is the cognitive basis of successful social interaction. In everyday life, human mental activity often happens at the moment of social interaction among two or multiple persons instead of only one-person. Understanding the interactive mind of two- or multi-person is more complex and higher than understanding the single-person mind in the hierarchical structure of theory of mind. Understanding the interactive mind maybe differentiate from understanding the single mind. In order to examine the dissociative electrophysiological correlates of reading the single mind and reading the interactive mind, the 64 channels event-related potentials were recorded while 16 normal adults were observing three kinds of Chinese idioms depicted physical scenes, one-person with mental activity, and two- or multi-person with mental interaction. After the equivalent N400, in the 500- to 700-ms epoch, the mean amplitudes of late positive component (LPC) over frontal for reading the single mind and reading the interactive mind were significantly more positive than for physical representation, while there was no difference between the former two. In the 700- to 800-ms epoch, the mean amplitudes of LPC over frontal–central for reading the interactive mind were more positive than for reading the single mind and physical representation, while there was no difference between the latter two. The present study provides electrophysiological signature of the dissociations between reading the single mind and reading the interactive mind.
Design and implementation of a personal mobile medical assistant

With the growing popularity of wireless technology in the healthcare area, there is a pressing need to have a proper system in place for patient identification. Errors in patient identification and hence improper administration of medication for example can lead to disastrous results. Also an efficient algorithm needs to be in place to allocate patients to nurses. This paper proposes a wireless medical system with the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology incorporated for correct patient identification. It also suggests a possible model for a resource allocation system, used to allocate patients to nurses.
Feature extraction using coordinate logic filters and Artificial Neural Networks

This paper presents a novel feature extraction method using the combination of the Coordinate Logic Filters (CLF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) applied to 2D signals (Images). The method consists of image enhancement by histogram adaptive equalization technique, features extraction by modifying gray levels applying a nonlinear adaptive transformation function and edge detection by Coordinate Logic Filters (CLF), generation, clustering and labelling of suboptimal features vectors by Self Organizing Map (SOM) Neural Network. For the detection we applied Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN). This method is tested to detect Microcalcifications (MCs) in Regions of Interest (ROI) from mammograms. The experiment results show that the proposed method can locate MCs in an efficient way, moreover the method promise interesting advances in Medical Industry.