Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibulin-4 promotes osteosarcoma invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

This study explored the role of fibulin-4 in osteosarcoma progression and the possible signaling pathway involved. Fibulin-4 mRNA and protein expression in normal tissue, benign fibrous dysplasia, osteosarcoma, osteosarcoma cell lines, the normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB, and different invasive subclones were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR). Using in vitro functional assays, we analyzed the invasive and proliferative abilities of different osteosarcoma cell lines and subclones with differing invasive potential. To assess the role of fibulin-4 in the invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells, lentiviral vectors with fibulin-4 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and pLVX-fibulin-4 were constructed and used to infect the highly invasive and low invasive subclones and osteosarcoma cell lines. The effects of fibulin-4 knockdown and upregulation on the biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells were investigated by functional in vitro and in vivo assays. The results revealed that fibulin-4 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma, and was positively correlated with low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Fibulin-4 was also found to be over-expressed in highly invasive cell lines and in the highly invasive subclones. Fibulin-4 could promote osteosarcoma cell invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fibulin-4 is a promoter of osteosarcoma development and progression, and suggest a novel therapeutic target for future studies.
A Genetic Algorithm-Based Solver for Very Large Jigsaw Puzzles

In this paper we propose the first effective automated, genetic algorithm (GA)-based jigsaw puzzle solver. We introduce a novel procedure of merging two "parent" solutions to an improved "child" solution by detecting, extracting, and combining correctly assembled puzzle segments. The solver proposed exhibits state-of-the-art performance solving previously attempted puzzles faster and far more accurately, and also puzzles of size never before attempted. Other contributions include the creation of a benchmark of large images, previously unavailable. We share the data sets and all of our results for future testing and comparative evaluation of jigsaw puzzle solvers.
Muscle Contraction

Background During isotonic contraction, skeletal muscle shortens against a load. The velocity of muscle shortening is related to the load applied and can be graphically represented by the Hill equation: (F + a)(V + b) = (F o + a)b Equation 1 Where F is the load, V is the velocity of shortening, F o is the maximum force that can be developed by the muscle during an isometric contraction, and a and b are constants. This equation results in a hyperbolic curve. To make it more useful as a tool, this equation can be linearized to produce the following equation: F = b [(F o – F)/V] – a Equation 2 Now if we graph [(F o – F)/V] and load we get a straight line with a slope of b and a y-intercept of –a. This is a useful form of the equation that allows us to use the power of regression to calculate the constants and to predict certain variables from measured parameters. More specifically, it allows us to calculate the velocity of muscle shortening when applying any load. In animal systems, muscles provide locomotor capacity by attaching to the skeletal system and moving the bones in a lever fashion. There are three major classes of levers (1 st class, 2 nd class, and 3 rd class) and most of the lever systems in animals are 3 rd class with the muscle contraction closer to the fulcrum and on the same side as the load. However, other lever systems do exist in animal systems and the one we are going to focus on today is the 2 nd class lever of the gastrocnemius muscle. 2 nd class levers also have the load and muscle contraction on the same side of the fulcrum, but in this case the load is between the fulcrum and the lever. We can use torques (torque = force x moment Muscle Contraction 2 arm) to measure the mechanical advantage of a lever system and to determine the force of contraction necessary in a given musculoskeletal system. We can also look at the animal's velocity attributable to contraction of the gastrocnemius. To do this, we use rotational physics with the fulcrum as the pivot point and the load and muscle contractions as points rotating about the pivot. In a rotating body, all points along a line have the same angular speed (ω), however, not …
Reach and Gaze Representations in Macaque Parietal and Premotor Grasp Areas

Voluntary movements are frequently composed of several actions that are combined to achieve a specific behavior. For example, prehension involves reaching and grasping actions to transport the hand to a target to grasp or manipulate it. For controlling these actions, separate parietofrontal networks have been described for generating reaching and grasping actions. However, this separation has been challenged recently for the dorsomedial part of this network (area V6A). Here we report that the anterior intraparietal (AIP) and the rostral ventral premotor area (F5) in the macaque, which are both part of the dorsolateral parietofrontal network and causally linked to hand grasping movements, also represent spatial information during the execution of a reach-to-grasp task. In addition to grip type information, gaze and target positions were represented in AIP and F5 and could be readily decoded from single unit activity in these areas. Whereas the fraction of grip type tuned units increased toward movement execution, the number of cells with spatial representations stayed relatively constant throughout the task, although more prominently in AIP than in F5. Furthermore, the recorded target position signals were substantially encoded in retinotopic coordinates. In conclusion, the simultaneous presence of grasp-related and spatial information in AIP and F5 suggests at least a supportive role of these spatial signals for the planning of grasp actions. Whether these spatial signals in AIP and F5 also play a causal role for the planning of reach actions would need to be the subject of further investigations.
Stability of memories of parental rearing among psychiatric inpatients

Information about childhood experiences, particularly parental rearing behaviour, is of importance in the clinical investigation of psychiatric patients and in research. As concerns assessment among adult individuals, it has the shortcoming that these data are exclusively retrospective by nature implying the risk of various biases. An influence of mood states, mostly depression, onto autobiographical memories has been established in different studies on the background of mood-dependent recall. Investigations by Gerlsma et al. have shown the independence of memories of parental rearing behaviour of significant changes in depressed mood. A consecutive sample of 162 psychiatric inpatients, mainly unipolar depressives, were investigated at admission and discharge by means of the EMBU (perceived parental rearing), the BDI and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale in the present study. The results underline once again the high stability of reported parental rearing behaviour during significant clinical changes in severity of depression and more specific of depressive disorders during changes in dysfunctional attitudes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influences of information processing and disengagement in infants' looking behaviour

The present study considers the joint influences of information processing and disengagement in looking behaviour within a habituation paradigm. Six-month-old infants were habituated, during which their heart rate (HR) was measured. A parametric model of habituation yielded for each infant parameter estimates of their habituation performance. These parameters were interpreted as assessing information processing and disengagement. Corresponding measures were obtained from the HR data. The HR measures and habituation model parameter estimates were significantly correlated, as predicted. In addition, an attention getter, presented prior to each habituation trial, influenced indicators of information processing, but not of disengagement. Results confirmed the advantages of a modelling approach. In addition, and more importantly, findings led to the conclusion that both information processing as well as disengagement are involved in infants' looking behaviour in visual habituation. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Level crossing rate over multiple independent random processes-an extension of the applicability of the rice formula

This paper presents general expressions for the calculation of the level crossing rate of various combinations of multiple independent random processes. These new formulas are then applied to obtain the outage rate of several communication systems and networks of current interest. Applications include for example multihop communication systems with and without selection combining as well as communication networks with routing diversity.
Genomic Deletions Classify the Beijing/W Strains as a Distinct Genetic Lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ABSTRACT Beijing/W strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are geographically widespread and hypervirulent. To enhance our understanding of their origin and evolution, we sought phylogenetically informative large sequence polymorphisms (LSPs) within the Beijing/W family. Comparative whole-genome hybridization of Beijing/W strains revealed 21 LSPs, 7 of which were previously unreported. We show that some of these LSPs are unique event polymorphisms that can be used to define and subdivide the Beijing/W family. One LSP (RD105) was seen in all Beijing/W strains and thus serves as a useful marker for the identification of this family of strains. Additional LSPs (RD142, RD150, and RD181) further divided this family into four monophyletic subgroups, demonstrating a deeper population structure than previously appreciated. All Beijing/W strains were also observed to have an intact pks15/1 gene that is involved in the biosynthesis of a phenolic glycolipid, a putative virulence factor. A simple PCR assay using these Beijing/W strain-defining deletions will facilitate molecular epidemiological studies and may assist in the identification of the molecular basis of phenotypes associated with this important lineage of M. tuberculosis.
Radiation fosters dose-dependent and chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death

Established tumors are typified by an immunosuppresive microenvironment. Countering this naturally occurring phenomenon, emerging evidence suggests that radiation promotes a proimmunogenic milieu within the tumor capable of stimulating host cancer-specific immune responses. Three cryptic immunogenic components of cytotoxic-agent induced cell death—namely, calreticulin cell surface exposure, the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, and the liberation of ATP—have been previously shown to be critical for dendritic cell (DC) activation and effector T-cell priming. Thus, these immune-mobilizing components commonly presage tumor rejection in response to treatment. We initially set out to address the hypothesis that radiation-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) is dose-dependent. Next, we hypothesized that radiation would enhance chemotherapy-induced ICD when given concomitantly, as suggested by the favorable clinical outcomes observed in response to analogous concurrent chemoradiation regimens. Thus, we designed an in vitro assay to examine the 3 hallmark features of ICD at clinically relevant doses of radiation. We then tested the immunogenic-death inducing effects of radiation combined with carboplatin or paclitaxel, focusing on these combinations to mimic chemoradiation regimens actually used in clinical trials of early stage triple negative [NCT0128953/NYU-10–01969] and locally advanced [NYU-06209] breast cancer patients, respectively. Despite the obvious limitations of an in vitro model, radiotherapy produced both a dose-dependent induction and chemotherapeutic enhancement of ICD. These findings provide preliminary evidence that ICD stimulated by either high-dose radiotherapy alone, or concurrent chemoradiation regimens, may contribute to the establishment of a peritumoral proimmunogenic milieu.
A mutation in either dsbA or dsbB, a gene encoding a component of a periplasmic disulfide bond-catalyzing system, is required for high-level expression of the Bacteroides fragilis metallo-beta-lactamase, CcrA, in Escherichia coli

The metallo-beta-lactamase gene, ccrA, from Bacteroides fragilis is functionally expressed in Escherichia coli only in the presence of a genomic mutation in iarA or iarB (increased ampicillin resistance), identified in this study as dsbA or dsbB, respectively. DsbA and DsbB are components of a periplasmic protein disulfide bond-catalyzing system. Data indicated that DsbA interacted with CcrA, creating aberrant disulfide bond linkages that render CcrA proteolytically unstable. Mutations in dsbA or dsbB permissive for CcrA expression eliminated or greatly reduced DsbA activity, allowing CcrA to assume a disulfide bond-free and proteolytically stable conformation.
Visual navigation in insects: coupling of egocentric and geocentric information

Social hymenopterans such as bees and ants are central-place foragers; they regularly depart from and return to fixed positions in their environment. In returning to the starting point of their foraging excursion or to any other point, they could resort to two fundamentally different ways of navigation by using either egocentric or geocentric systems of reference. In the first case, they would rely on information continuously collected en route (path integration, dead reckoning), i.e. integrate all angles steered and all distances covered into a mean home vector. In the second case, they are expected, at least by some authors, to use a map-based system of navigation, i.e. to obtain positional information by virtue of the spatial position they occupy within a larger environmental framework. In bees and ants, path integration employing a skylight compass is the predominant mechanism of navigation, but geocentred landmark-based information is used as well. This information is obtained while the animal is dead-reckoning and, hence, added to the vector course. For example, the image of the horizon skyline surrounding the nest entrance is retinotopically stored while the animal approaches the goal along its vector course. As shown in desert ants (genus Cataglyphis), there is neither interocular nor intraocular transfer of landmark information. Furthermore, this retinotopically fixed, and hence egocentred, neural snapshot is linked to an external (geocentred) system of reference. In this way, geocentred information might more and more complement and potentially even supersede the egocentred information provided by the path-integration system. In competition experiments, however, Cataglyphis never frees itself of its homeward-bound vector - its safety-line, so to speak - by which it is always linked to home. Vector information can also be transferred to a longer-lasting (higher-order) memory. There is no need to invoke the concept of the mental analogue of a topographic map - a metric map - assembled by the insect navigator. The flexible use of vectors, snapshots and landmark-based routes suffices to interpret the insect's behaviour. The cognitive-map approach in particular, and the representational paradigm in general, are discussed.
Multi-objective ranking of comments on web

With the explosion of information on any topic, the need for ranking is becoming very critical. Ranking typically depends on several aspects. Products, for example, have several aspects like price, recency, rating, etc. Product ranking has to bring the "best" product which is recent and highly rated. Hence ranking has to satisfy multiple objectives. In this paper, we explore multi-objective ranking of comments using Hodge decomposition. While Hodge decomposition produces a globally consistent ranking, a globally inconsistent component is also present. We propose an active learning strategy for the reduction of this component. Finally, we develop techniques for online Hodge decomposition. We experimentally validate the ideas presented in this paper.
Text Analysis for Automatic Image Annotation

We present a novel approach to automatically annotate images using associated text. We detect and classify all entities (persons and objects) in the text after which we determine the salience (the importance of an entity in a text) and visualness (the extent to which an entity can be perceived visually) of these entities. We combine these measures to compute the probability that an entity is present in the image. The suitability of our approach was successfully tested on 50 image-text pairs of Yahoo! News.
TheQMUL system description for IWSLT 2008.

The QMUL system to the IWSLT 2008 evaluation campaign is a phrase-based statistical MT system implemented in C++. The decoder employs a multi-stack architecture, and uses a beam to manage the search space. We participated in both BTEC Arabic ! English and Chinese ! English tracks, as well as the PIVOT task. In our first submission to IWSLT, we are particularly interested in seeing how our SMT system performs with speech input, having so far only worked with and translated newswire data sets.
Authoring and Generation of Individualized Patient Education Materials

Although the pre-surgical patient-surgeon encounter is the opportunity to educate the patient, it is essential that the patient be given educational materials to complement the face-to-face exchange. This is virtu-ally impossible to do well with brochures, because many combinations of procedures are possible, dif-ferent patients have different concerns, and patients have varying levels of literacy and knowledge. In the extreme, a patient would either be given a set of bro-chures selected from 100s of variants, or all patients would be given the same set of brochures without regard for differing needs. We have been developing an information brochure generator that customizes material for every individual patient regardless of the complexity of the surgical intervention.
Transcending Boundaries: The Network Concept in Nineteenth-Century American Philosophy and Literature

The network is a figure of thought that began to emerge as a concrete physical formation and as a conceptual model long before the digital revolution. Following recent scholarship on historical network epistemology, this essay traces such network thinking in nineteenth-century US philosophical and literary discourses with an emphasis on Ralph Waldo Emerson's transcendentalist philosophy and Walt Whitman's poetry. Features associated with networks, such as relationality, reciprocal interaction, decentralized self-organization, and emergent properties significantly shaped US thought and played a crucial part in national, cultural, and political processes of self-reflection and -identification in the early days of the American Republic. Demonstrating how network epistemology has informed and in turn been generated by US literature and philosophy of the nineteenth century, Schober examines the network not only as a universal model, but also as a historically contingent conceptual model. The specifically Romantic concept of the network that comes to the fore in the texts under scrutiny responds to an increased impact of concrete technological network structures, while reflecting and affecting particular notions of (spiritual) interconnectivity, community, and national unity. In Emerson's and Whitman's writing in particular, conceptions of the network serve to integrate the Romantic quest for unity within an optimistic vision of an original US identity, establishing the network as a key figure for future self-reflection and -definition at a time particularly shaped by cultural renewal and social reform. The network, as combining both concrete, material reality and epistemological, theoretical discourses, thus represents a central image in the project of (re)defining personal and national identity in the early Republic.
Microprints: A Pixel-based Semantically Rich Visualization of Methods

Understanding classes and methods is a key activity in object-oriented programming, since classes represent the primary abstractions from which applications are built, while methods contain the actual program logic. The main problem of this task is to quickly grasp the purpose and inner structure of a class. To achieve this goal, one must be able to overview multiple methods at once. In this paper, we present microprints, pixel-based representations of methods enriched with semantical information. We present three specialized microprints each dealing with a specific aspect we want to understand of methods: (1) state access, (2) control flow, and (3) invocation relationship. We present the microprints in conjunction with the class blueprints of the CODECRAWLER visualization tool [12] and also integrated into the default code browser of the Smalltalk VisualWorks development environment.
The Contributing Role of Prevalent Belief Systems to Intergroup Attitudes and Behaviors

Abundant research shows that prevalent belief systems across cultures contribute to people’s levels of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Such popular belief systems are often communicated by everyday sayings (e.g., the belief that hard work leads to success, as captured by “Madruga y veras, trabaja y tendras” [Colombia], “Kung may tiyaga, may nilaga” [Philippines], "The early bird catches the worm" [U.S.A.]). We review the relations between intergroup processes and the following belief systems: entity theory, incremental theory, multiculturalism, colorblindness, polyculturalism, and the Protestant work ethic. We discuss factors that affect the development, maintenance, and potential change in these belief systems, and ways that this knowledge may be used to reduce prejudice are discussed. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu. edu/orpc/vol5/iss1/2