Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p53 Activates the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) Gene in Response to DNA Damage by Anticancer Drugs

Chemotherapeutic drugs cause DNA damage and kill cancer cells mainly by apoptosis. p53 mediates apoptosis after DNA damage. To explore the pathway of p53-dependent cell death, we investigated if p53-dependent apoptosis after DNA damage is mediated by the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor/ligand system. We investigated hepatoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer cell lines upon treatment with different anticancer agents known to act via p53 accumulation. Cisplatin, mitomycin, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, doxorubicin, and bleomycin at concentrations present in the sera of patients during therapy led to an upregulation of both CD95 receptor and CD95 ligand. Induction of the CD95 ligand occurred in p53 wild-type (wt), p53 mutant (mt), and p53 deficient (p53−/−) cell lines and at wt and mt conformation of temperature-sensitive p53 mutants. In contrast, upregulation of the CD95 receptor was observed only in cells with wt p53, not in cells with mt or without any p53. Restitution of inducible wt p53 function restored the ability of p53−/− Hep3B cells to upregulate the CD95 receptor in response to anticancer drugs. This rendered the cells sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis. In an attempt to understand how CD95 expression is regulated by p53, we identified a p53-responsive element within the first intron of the CD95 gene, as well as three putative elements within the promoter. The intronic element conferred transcriptional activation by p53 and cooperated with p53-responsive elements in the promoter of the CD95 gene. wt p53 bound to and transactivated the CD95 gene, whereas mt p53 failed to induce apoptosis via activation of the CD95 gene. These observations provide a mechanistic explanation for the ability of p53 to contribute to tumor progression and to resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
The cannabis withdrawal syndrome

Purpose of review The demand for treatment for cannabis dependence has grown dramatically. The majority of the people who enter the treatment have difficulty in achieving and maintaining abstinence from cannabis. Understanding the impact of cannabis withdrawal syndrome on quit attempts is of obvious importance. Cannabis, however, has long been considered a ‘soft’ drug, and many continue to question whether one can truly become dependent on cannabis. Skepticism is typically focused on whether cannabis use can result in ‘physiological’ dependence or withdrawal, and whether withdrawal is of clinical importance. Recent findings The neurobiological basis for cannabis withdrawal has been established via discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system, identification of cannabinoid receptors, and demonstrations of precipitated withdrawal with cannabinoid receptor antagonists. Laboratory studies have established the reliability, validity, and time course of a cannabis withdrawal syndrome and have begun to explore the effect of various medications on such withdrawal. Reports from clinical samples indicate that the syndrome is common among treatment seekers. Summary A clinically important withdrawal syndrome associated with cannabis dependence has been established. Additional research must determine how cannabis withdrawal affects cessation attempts and the best way to treat its symptoms.
Effect of light curing modes and light curing time on the microhardness of a hybrid composite resin.

AIMS The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of light curing modes and curing time on the microhardness of a hybrid composite resin. METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty-five Z250 composite resin specimens (3M-ESPE Dental Products, St. Paul, MN, USA) were randomly divided into nine groups (n=5): three polymerization modes (conventional-550 mW/cm2; light-emitting diodes (LED)-360 mW/cm2, and high intensity-1160 mW/cm2) and three light curing times (once, twice, and three times the manufacturer's recommendations). All samples were polymerized with the light tip 8 mm from the specimen. Knoop microhardness measurements were obtained on the top and bottom surfaces of the sample. RESULTS Conventional and LED polymerization modes resulted in higher hardness means and were statistically different from the high intensity mode in almost all experimental conditions. Tripling manufacturers' recommended light curing times resulted in higher hardness means; this was statistically different from the other times for all polymerization modes in the bottom surface of specimens. This was also true of the top surface of specimens cured using the high intensity mode but not of conventional and LED modes using any of the chosen curing times. Top surfaces showed higher hardness than bottom surfaces. CONCLUSIONS It is important to increase the light curing time and use appropriate light curing devices to polymerize resin composite in deep cavities to maximize the hardness of hybrid composite resins.
Disabling and Fatal Occupational Claim Rates, Risks, and Costs in the Oregon Construction Industry 1990–1997

This study estimated injury and illness rates, risk factors, and costs associated with construction work in Oregon from 1990–1997 using all accepted workers' compensation claims by Oregon construction employees (N = 20,680). Claim rates and risk estimates were estimated using a baseline calculated from Current Population Survey data of the Oregon work force. The average annual rate of lost-time claims was 3.5 per 100 workers. More than 50% of claims were by workers under 35 years and with less than 1 year of tenure. The majority of claimants (96.1%) were male. There were 52 total fatalities reported over the period examined, representing an average annual death rate of 8.5 per 100,000 construction workers. Average claim cost was $10,084 and mean indemnity time was 57.3 days. Structural metalworkers had the highest average days of indemnity of all workers (72.1), highest average costs per claim ($16,472), and highest odds ratio of injury of all occupations examined. Sprains were the most frequently reported injury type, constituting 46.4% of all claims. The greatest accident risk occurred during the third hour of work. Training interventions should be extensively utilized for inexperienced workers, and prework exercises could potentially reduce injury frequency and severity.
Packet Error Probability in Multi-Path Diversity Scheme with Majority Combining

In this paper, we derive the exact expression for the packet error probability in the case of m-path diversity scheme with packet combining using majority decision technique. The individual paths are modeled as independent and slow-varying binary symmetric channels with distinct values for bit error probabilities. We introduce an equivalent channel probability and spreading coefficients to analyze the derived expression. MATLAB code for numerical evaluations and an illustrative example for cases m = 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 were also presented.
The development of velocity and acceleration in sprints

analysed the races of female junior athletes aged 14 and 15 and mathematically modelled a total of 86 performances. The following comparison is based on data from 22 juvenile sprinters who recorded times faster than 13.0s at the German national championships for multi-events and the same number of elite performers, the data for which was obtained from official IAAF reports.
Query Optimization Techniques In Graph Databases

Graph databases (GDB) have recently been arisen to overcome the limits of traditional databases for storing and managing data with graph-like structure. Today, they represent a requirement for many applications that manage graph-like data, like social networks. Most of the techniques, applied to optimize queries in graph databases, have been used in traditional databases, distribution systems. or they are inspired from graph theory. However, their reuse in graph databases should take care of the main characteristics of graph databases, such as dynamic structure, highly interconnected data, and ability to efficiently access data relationships. In this paper, we survey the query optimization techniques in graph databases. In particular, we focus on the features they have introduced to improve querying graph-like data.
Literature review: Phytoaccumulation of chromium, uranium, and plutonium in plant systems

Phytoremediation is an integrated multidisciplinary approach to the cleanup of contaminated soils, which combines the disciplines of plant physiology, soil chemistry, and soil microbiology. Metal hyperaccumulator plants are attracting increasing attention because of their potential application in decontamination of metal-polluted soils. Traditional engineering technologies may be too expensive for the remediation of most sites. Removal of metals from these soils using accumulator plants is the goal of phytoremediation. The emphasis of this review has been placed on chromium (Cr), plutonium (Pu), and uranium (U). With the exception of Cr, these metals and their decay products exhibit two problems, specifically, radiation dose hazards and their chemical toxicity. The radiation hazard introduces the need for special precautions in reclamation beyond that associated with non-radioactive metals. The uptake of beneficial metals by plants occurs predominantly by way of channels, pores, and transporters in the root plasma membrane. Plants characteristically exhibit a remarkable capacity to absorb what they need and exclude what they don`t need. But most vascular plants absorb toxic and heavy metals through their roots to some extent, though to varying degrees, from negligible to substantial. Sometimes absorption occurs because of the chemical similarity between beneficial and toxic metals. Some plants utilize exclusion mechanisms, where there is a reduced uptake by the roots or a restricted transport of the metal from root to shoot. At the other extreme, hyperaccumulator plants absorb and concentrate metals in both roots and shoots. Some plant species endemic to metalliferous soils accumulate metals in percent concentrations in the leaf dry matter.
Prognostic impact of total and tyrosine phosphorylated GIV/Girdin in breast cancers

Gα‐interacting vesicle‐associated protein (GIV, aka Girdin) is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the trimeric G protein Gαi and a bona fide metastasis‐related gene that serves as a platform for amplification of tyrosinebased signals via G‐protein intermediates. Here we present the first exploratory biomarker study conducted on a cohort of 187 patients with breast cancer to evaluate the prognostic role of total GIV (tGIV) and tyrosine phosphorylated GIV (pYGIV) across the various molecular subtypes. A Kaplan‐Meier analysis of recurrence‐free survival showed that the presence of tGIV, either cytoplasmic or nuclear, carried poor prognosis, but that nuclear tGIV had a greater prognostic impact (P = 0.007 in early and P = 0.0048 in late clinical stages). Activated pYGIV in the cytoplasm hadthe greatest prognosticimpact inlate clinical stages (P = 0.006). Furthermore, wefound that theprognostic impacts of cytoplasmic pYGIV and nuclear tGIV were additive (hazard ratio 19.0548; P = 0.0002). Surprisingly, this additive effect of nuclear tGIV/cytoplasmic pYGIV was observed in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive tumors (hazard ratio 16.918; P = 0.0005)butnot in triple‐negative breast cancers. Intriple‐negative breast cancers, tGIV and cytoplasmic pYGIV had no prognostic impact; however, membrane‐association of pYGIV carried a poor prognosis (P = 0.026). Both tGIV and pYGIV showed no correlationwith clinical stage, tumor size, pathologic type, lymph node involvement, and BRCA1/2 status. We conclude that immunocytochemical detection of pYGIV and tGIV can serve as an effective prognosticator. On the basis of the differential prognostic impact of tGIV/pYGIV within each molecular subtype, we propose a diagnostic algorithm. Further studies on larger cohorts are essential to rigorously assess the effectiveness and robustness of this algorithm in prognosticating outcome among patients with breast cancer. —Dunkel, Y. , Diao, K. , Aznar, N. , Swanson, L. , Liu, L. , Zhu, W. , Mi, X. ‐Y. , Ghosh, P. Prognostic impact of total and tyrosine phosphorylated GIV/Girdin in breast cancers. FASEB J. 30, 3702–3713 (2016) www.fasebj. org
Assessment of internet addiction and loneliness in secondary and high school students.

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of Internet addiction and loneliness in secondary and high school students. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted between May 7 and June 8, 2012, among secondary and high school students in Sivrihisar, which is a district in rural part of Anatolia, Turkey. The study group consisted of 1157 students. Young Internet Addiction Scale was used to assess the internet addiction. University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale was used for the evaluation of the level of loneliness. SPSS 15 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 1157 students, there were 636 (55.0%) male and 521 (45.0%) female aged 11 to 19 years (mean: 15.13 ± 1.71 years). According to the Internet Addiction Scale, 91 (7.9%) of the subjects were addicted to the internet. Obesity (odds ratio: 9.57), "Type A" personality (odds ratio: 1.83), first time usage of internet before age 12 (odds ratio: 2.18), using the internet every day (odds ratio: 2.47) and use the internet more than 2 hours a day (odds ratio: 4.96) were risk factors of internet addiction (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the internet addiction and loneliness (rs = 0.121; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Internet addiction was found to be a major health problem in middle and high school students. A positive correlation between loneliness and internet addiction was also found.
Power-Efficient Asynchronous Design

The potential advantage of low power consumption is one of the main reasons why asynchronous logic attracts attention from both industrial and academic circles. A number of low-power asynchronous designs have been proposed since the 1990s. In this paper, an attempt is made to compare the power-efficiency of asynchronous and synchronous designs, and to evaluate low-power asynchronous techniques
Field Curvature Correction Using Focal Sweep

Camera optics design has become increasingly complex to keep pace with the demand for ever increasing imaging resolution. This complexity results in several disadvantages, including significant increase in size, cost, and weight of the camera. In this paper, we propose methods to simplify the lens of an imaging system without sacrificing resolution. Our approach is to use either the focal stack or the focal sweep method to emulate a curved image sensor. This enables us to design a lens without the need to correct for field curvature. The end result is a lens with significantly lower complexity than a lens that is corrected for field curvature. We have verified the performance and practical viability of our approach using both simulations and experiments with prototype focal stack and focal sweep cameras.
Interactive spectral volume rendering

We describe a method for volume rendering using a spectral representation of colour instead of the traditional RGB model. It is shown how to use this framework for a novel exploration of datasets through enhanced transfer function design. Furthermore, our framework is extended to allow real-time re-lighting of the scene created with any rendering method. The technique of post-illumination is introduced to generate new spectral images for arbitrary light colours in real-time. Also a tool is described to design a palette of lights and materials having certain properties such as selective metamerism or colour constancy. Applied to spectral transfer functions, different light colours can accentuate or hide specific qualities of the data. In connection with post-illumination this provides a new degree of freedom for guided exploration of volumetric data, which cannot be achieved using the RGB model.
Characterisation of the effects of thin radomes on antennas for space applications

For aperture type antennas in space applications, a thin radome in the mouth of the antenna is often employed. This radome is typically constructed of a layer of dielectric with a coating of paint on the exterior surface. Usually, the dielectric and paint can be made to be very thin as compared to the free space wavelength, and thus one anticipates that (for reasonably low loss material) the effect of the radome on the far-field is negligibly small. One must consider the antenna and radome interactions to properly account for the effects of the radome since the radome is typically in the near-field of the antenna. When the full interactions are taken into consideration, the loss can be considerably larger than the loss predicted by a simple plane wave transmission loss. For applications like scatterometer systems where the gain level in extended angular range is critical, or in systems for which the G/T level must be predicted accurately, the net radome loss can be significant. This radome loss is studied for a specific antenna geometry. It is shown that the loss in peak gain due to a radome is noticeably larger than that predicted by a plane wave analysis. <<ETX>>
Logical Differential Prediction Bayes Net, improving breast cancer diagnosis for older women

Overdiagnosis is a phenomenon in which screening identities cancer which may not go on to cause symptoms or death. Women over 65 who develop breast cancer bear the heaviest burden of overdiagnosis. This work introduces novel machine learning algorithms to improve diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer in aging populations. At the same time, we aim at minimizing unnecessary invasive procedures (thus decreasing false positives) and concomitantly addressing overdiagnosis. We develop a novel algorithm. Logical Differential Prediction Bayes Net (LDP-BN), that calculates the risk of breast disease based on mammography findings. LDP-BN uses Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) to learn relational rules, selects older-specific differentially predictive rules, and incorporates them into a Bayes Net, significantly improving its performance. In addition, LDP-BN offers valuable insight into the classification process, revealing novel older-specific rules that link mass presence to invasive, and calcification presence and lack of detectable mass to DCIS.
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANETs): A Review

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network or VANET is a sub form of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network or MANET that provides communication between vehicles and between vehicles and road-side base stations with an aim of providing efficient and safe transportation. A vehicle in VANET is considered to be an intelligent mobile node capable of communicating with its neighbours and other vehicles in the network. VANET introduces more challenges aspects as compare to MANET because of high mobility of nodes and fast topology changes in VANET. Various routing protocols have been designed and presented by researchers after considering the major challenges involved in VANETs This paper provides a survey of routing protocols for VANET . It covers application areas, challenges and security issues prevailing in VANETs.
Depth filtering for auto-stereoscopic mobile devices

In this work we address a scenario where 3D content is transmitted to a mobile terminal with 3D display capabilities. We consider the use of 2D plus depth format to represent the 3D content and focus on the generation of synthetic views in the terminal. We evaluate different types of smoothing filters that are applied to depth maps with the aim of reducing the disoccluded regions. The evaluation takes into account the reduction of holes in the synthetic view as well as the presence of geometrical distortion caused by the smoothing operation. The selected filter has been included within an implemented module for the VideoLan Client (VLC) software in order to render 3D content from the 2D plus depth data format.
QM and STR: The Combining of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Theory

Combining quantum mechanics with special relativity requires (i) that a spacetime representation of quantum states be found; (ii) that such states, represented as extended along equal-time hyperplanes, be invariant when transformed from one frame to another; and (iii) that collapses of states be instantaneous in every frame. These requirements are met using branching spacetime, in which probabilities of outcomes are represented by the numerical proportions of branches on which the outcomes occur. Quantum states of systems are then identified with the probability values, built into spacetime along spacelike hypersurfaces, of all possible outcomes of all possible tests to which the systems can be subjected.
Methods and techniques to help quality function deployment (QFD)

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a management tool that provides a visual connective process to help teams focus on the needs of the customers throughout the total development cycle of a product or process. It provides the means for translating customer needs into appropriate technical requirements for each stage of a product/process‐development life‐cycle. It helps to develop more customer‐oriented, higher‐quality products. While the structure provided by QFD can be significantly beneficial, it is not a simple tool to use. This article outlines how techniques such as fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, and the Taguchi method can be combined with QFD to resolve some of its drawbacks, and proposes a synergy between QFD and the three methods and techniques reviewed.
Decision-directed fine synchronization in OFDM systems

A new decision-directed (DD) synchronization scheme is proposed for joint estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling clock frequency offset (SFO) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. By exploiting the hard decisions, we report accurate estimators of residual CFO and small SFO. The performance analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed novel DD scheme achieves much better performance than the conventional pilot-based schemes in both additive white Gaussian noise and frequency-selective channels.
Separation of cochannel signals under imperfect timing and carrier synchronization

We propose a complete receiver for separating cochannel signals in a time-division multiple-access type system when the timing and carrier synchronization are imperfect or only nominally accomplished. The receiver is all digital, data aided, assumes the presence of multiple antennas at the receiver, and has three functional components. The first part computes the timing offsets of the different cochannel users through a maximum likelihood search. The second part uses a bank of filters on an oversampled version of the baseband signals to obtain a new symbol rate sampled signal in which the different users are all synchronous but are still spatially mixed and rotated with unknown carrier offsets. The third part uses an extended Kalman-filter-based algorithm to estimate the parameters of this model and to separate and decode the transmitted signals of the different users. The performance of this receiver is demonstrated with simulations. This work is significant in the context of smart antenna technology, considered as a potentially significant improvement to wireless systems, since it is a complete solution encompassing flat fading, timing error, and frequency offsets for multiple cochannel users.