Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting

People routinely engage in dishonest acts without feeling guilty about their behavior. When and why does this occur? Across four studies, people justified their dishonest deeds through moral disengagement and exhibited motivated forgetting of information that might otherwise limit their dishonesty. Using hypothetical scenarios (Studies 1 and 2) and real tasks involving the opportunity to cheat (Studies 3 and 4), the authors find that one’s own dishonest behavior increased moral disengagement and motivated forgetting of moral rules. Such changes did not occur in the case of honest behavior or consideration of the dishonest behavior of others. In addition, increasing moral saliency by having participants read or sign an honor code significantly reduced unethical behavior and prevented subsequent moral disengagement. Although dishonest behavior motivated moral leniency and led to forgetting of moral rules, honest behavior motivated moral stringency and diligent recollection of moral rules.
Safe execution of untrusted applications on embedded network processors

This paper summarises research conducted in 2002 on the programmability of network processors. Controlling the function of embedded network processor systems has so far been confined to simple configuration languages while full programmability is available only to trusted system-level programmers. In this paper, we enable the safe execution of untrusted code on IXP network processors. We extend techniques used in extensible OS kernels, adapting them to the characteristics of network processing to produce a restricted execution model trading off some flexibility for robustness, yet enabling a wide range of low-level applications not presently possible.
Large Crown Root Number Improves Topsoil Foraging and Phosphorus Acquisition1[OPEN]

Maize genotypes with more crown roots have more intensive topsoil foraging and superior phosphorus acquisition, growth, and yield in low-phosphorus soil. Suboptimal phosphorus (P) availability is a primary constraint to plant growth on Earth. We tested the hypothesis that maize (Zea mays) genotypes with large crown root number (CN) will have shallower rooting depth and improved P acquisition from low-P soils. Maize recombinant inbred lines with contrasting CN were evaluated under suboptimal P availability in greenhouse mesocosms and the field. Under P stress in mesocosms, the large-CN phenotype had 48% greater root respiration, 24% shallower rooting depth, 32% greater root length density in the topsoil, 37% greater leaf P concentration, 48% greater leaf photosynthesis, 33% greater stomatal conductance, and 44% greater shoot biomass than the small-CN phenotype. Under P stress in the field, the large-CN phenotype had 32% shallower rooting depth, 51% greater root length density in the topsoil, 44% greater leaf P concentration, 18% greater leaf photosynthesis, 21% greater stomatal conductance, 23% greater shoot biomass at anthesis, and 28% greater yield than the small-CN phenotype. These results support the hypothesis that large CN improves plant P acquisition from low-P soils by reducing rooting depth and increasing topsoil foraging. The large-CN phenotype merits consideration as a selection target to improve P capture in maize and possibly other cereal crops.
Heterogeneous Differential Evolution for Numerical Optimization

Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based stochastic search algorithm which has shown a good performance in solving many benchmarks and real-world optimization problems. Individuals in the standard DE, and most of its modifications, exhibit the same search characteristics because of the use of the same DE scheme. This paper proposes a simple and effective heterogeneous DE (HDE) to balance exploration and exploitation. In HDE, individuals are allowed to follow different search behaviors randomly selected from a DE scheme pool. Experiments are conducted on a comprehensive set of benchmark functions, including classical problems and shifted large-scale problems. The results show that heterogeneous DE achieves promising performance on a majority of the test problems.
Leaf Traits and Histochemistry of Trichomes of Conocarpus lancifolius a Combretaceae in Semi-Arid Conditions

Leaf traits, structure and water status of Conocarpus lancifolius, a Combretaceae were investigated under semi-arid conditions. The leaf traits examined included leaf area and thickness, stomatal distribution, sclerophylly, succulence and relative water content. Additionally, the types of secretory structures, histochemistry of trichomes, and chemical nature of the cuticlular waxes were evaluated. Leaves showed xerophytic characteristics including a high degree of sclerophylly, thick cuticle and outer epidermal cell wall, low relative water content and high trichome density on younger leaves. The species has two types of trichomes; a secretory, short-stalked capitate trichome and a non-secretory trichome with a bulbous base and a pointed tip. The leaves also have a pair of extrafloral nectaries on both sides of the distal end of the petiole, 3-4 pairs near the leaf apex and two secretory ducts or cavities on mature leaves that secreted polysaccharides, epicuticlar waxes and polyphenols. Compared to young leaves mature leaves had almost 3 times total cuticular wax deposit or load. The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, nondecanoic, behenic and arachidic acids. The leaf traits and structures are discussed in relation to semi-arid habitat.
A Study on the Presence of Islets Cell Autoantibodies in Non-Insulin Requiring Young Diabetic Patients

Type 1 diabetes is hypothesized to pass through several stages where patients still do not need insulin but found to have serum autoantibody against islets cell. These patients were found to be in great risk of quickly developing insulin dependency. This study aims to find the presence of islets cell autoantibody in noninsulin requiring young diabetic patients of Bangladesh. To compare the Islets Cell Autoantibody (ICA) and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65) autoantibody level in the non-insulin requiring young diabetic patient and non-diabetic control group we have taken 120 noninsulin requiring diabetic patient and 60 age and sex matched non-diabetic control subjects. ELISA kit was taken from DRG inc. There was moderately strong negative correlation between age of onset of diabetes mellitus and ICA level. But no correlation was found between age of onset and GAD 65 level. Therefore, we may conclude that ICA is present in young diabetic patient of our country and its value is negatively correlated with the age of the patient.
Systematic Review: Laparoscopic Gastrectomy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: Is It Viable?

The gastric cancer is one of the most important pathologies of the digestive tract, representing the fifth most common cause of cancer, with the adenocarcinoma being the main histological type [1]. It is staged according to the 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual for gastric cancer, in which it was determined that the early stage (T1) is when the tumor remains confined to the sub mucous tissue, with or without lymph node metastasis, and the advanced stage being the one with invasion of submucous tissues [2]. According to the Brazilian Consensus of Gastric Cancer, issued in 2013 and following AJCC staging parameters, the locally invasive gastric cancer is the one classified by the TNM system as T4N02M0, meaning that there is invasion of visceral peritoneum (serosa), with lymph node metastasis up to 6 regional lymph nodes, without metastatic disease (M0) [3,4]. Being the abovementioned parameters the ones used to assess the level of invasion of gastric tumors in this study. Review Article Volume 5 Issue 2 May 2017 DOI: 10.19080/ARGH.2017. 05.555657 Adv Res Gastroentero Hepatol
Closed-loop adaptive filtering for supressing chest compression oscillations in the capnogram during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Capnography is widely used by the advanced-life-support during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Continuous analysis of the capnogram allows guidance of adequate ventilation rate, currently 10 breaths/min for intubated patients. We used 60 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest episodes containing both clean and CC corrupted capnograms. Chest compressions (CC) induce high-frequency oscillations in the capnography waveform impeding reliable detection of ventilations. Thus, a clean capnogram is essential for a better ventilation detection performance. To clean the capnogram, an adaptive noise cancellation notch filter was designed using a Least Mean Square algorithm to minimize filtering error. A fixed-coefficient low-pass filter was optimized for comparison. For the whole test set, global Se/PPV improved from 93.0/92.2% to 97.6/96.2% after adaptive filtering and to 97.7/94.8% after fixed-coefficient filtering. For the clean subset, Se/PPV maintained stable and for the corrupted subset, Se/PPV improved from 84.8/84.0% to 95.2/92.7% and 95.4/90.3%, respectively. Filtering allowed reliable automated detection of ventilations in the capnogram even in the presence of CC oscillations during CPR. Nevertheless, further evaluation of these techniques in large datasets is warranted.
Empathy, schizotypy, and visuospatial transformations

Introduction. Adopting another person's visuospatial perspective has been associated with empathy, which involves adopting the psychological perspective of another individual. Both reduced empathy and abnormal visuospatial processing have been observed in those with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related personality traits. In the current study, we sought to explore the relationship between empathy, schizotypy, and visuospatial transformation ability. Methods. 32 subjects (16 women) performed a visuospatial perspective-taking task and a mental letter rotation task. Response times and accuracy were analysed in relation to dimensions of self-reported empathy, indexed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and schizotypy, as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Results. We found that: (1) greater cognitive and affective empathy were associated with reduced negative schizotypy, and, in men, greater cognitive empathy was associated with reduced positive schizotypy; (2) improved accuracy for imagined self–other transformations in the perspective-taking task was associated with greater self-reported cognitive empathy in women and higher positive schizotypy across genders; (3) faster mental letter rotation was associated with reduced cognitive empathy and increased negative schizotypy in women. Conclusions. Together, the findings partially support the commonalities in visuospatial transformation ability, empathy, and schizotypy, and posit an interesting link between spatial manipulations of our internal representations and interactions with the physical world.
Successful treatment of cardiogenic shock with an intraaortic balloon pump following aluminium phosphide poisoning

Summary Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is a highly toxic pesticide that inhibits cytochrome oxidase c and causes oxidative stress. Death results from refractory cardiogenic shock due to myocardial dysfunction. There is very little information regarding extracorporeal life support in severe AlP poisoning. Although several therapies are available, none are curative. We report on the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in a 24-year-old woman brought to our hospital after an intentional ingestion of a tablet of AlP (3 g), which caused refractory AlP-induced cardiogenic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The patient underwent gastric lavage with potassium permanganate, received sodium bicarbonate intravenously, and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Echocardiography at 36 h post ingestion showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <20 %. An IABP was inserted and the patient’s vital signs stabilised. After eight days, the IABP was removed and on day 20, the patient’s LVEF increased to 50 %. IABP was successfully used and may improve future prognoses for severely poisoned AlP patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. We encourage clinical toxicologists to examine this new treatment. Sažetak Aluminijev fosfid (AlP) visoko je toksičan pesticid koji inhibira citokrom c oksidazu i uzrokuje oksidacijski stres. Smrt nastupa nakon refraktornog kardiogenog šoka uslijed miokardijalne disfunkcije. Vrlo je malo literature o izvantjelesnim sredstvima održavanja na životu nakon otrovanja AlP-om. Iako postoji određeni broj terapija, nijedna ne vodi do potpunoga izlječenja. Prikazan je slučaj uporabe intra-aortne balonske pumpe (IABP) kod 24-godišnje žene otrovane namjernim uzimanjem AlP-a (3 g), što je uzrokovalo refraktorni kardiogeni šok i akutni respiratorni distres sindrom (ARDS). Pacijentici je želudac ispran kalijevim permanganatom, intravenozno je primila natrijev bikarbonat te je zbrinuta u jedinici za intenzivnu skrb. Ehokardiografija 36 h nakon uzimanja tablete AlP-a pokazala je ejekcijsku frakciju lijevog ventrikula (LVEF) od < 20 %. Nakon umetanja IABP-a vitalni su se znakovi su se poboljšali. Pumpa je uklonjena nakon osam dana, a dvadesetoga dana LVEF je iznosio 50 %. Naši rezultati pokazuju da bi primjena IABP-a mogla poboljšati prognoze pacijenata s refraktornim kardiogenim šokom uslijed teškog otrovanja s AlPom. Stoga preporučujemo kliničkim toksikolozima da razmotre ovaj novi tretman.
Microstructure and properties of as-cast intermetallic Mg2Si-Al alloys

Materials based on the intermetallic compound Mg 2 Si have a high potential for the application as light weight material, if casting parts with sufficient ductility can be produced. This can be reached in principle by embedding the brittle intermetallic phase Mg 2 Si as a fine dispersion in a ductile Al matrix. In the pseudobinary system of Al-Mg 2 Si the Mg 2 Si grains crystallize in coarse dendritic morphology, especially at low Al content. By small additions of a phosphorus containing grain refiner a fine dispersion of Mg 2 Si in the Al matrix was obtained with two alloys of 45 and 50 mole% Mg 2 Si, respectively. The microstructures were characterized in detail. Some macroscopic properties were measured
Who is producing more technical debt?: a personalized assessment of TD principal

Technical debt (TD) impedes software projects by reducing the velocity of development teams during software evolution. Although TD is usually assessed on either the entire system or on individual software artifacts, it is the actual craftsmanship of developers that causes the accumulation of TD. In the light of extremely high maintenance costs, efficient software project management cannot occur without recognizing the relation between developer characteristics and the tendency to evoke violations that lead to TD. In this paper, we investigate three research questions related to the distribution of TD among the developers of a software project, the types of violations caused by each developer and the relation between developers' maturity and the tendency to accumulate TD. The study has been performed on four widely employed PHP open-source projects. All developers' personal characteristics have been anonymized in the study.
Multiuser detection based MAC design for Ad Hoc networks

Recent technological advances in code division multiple access (CDMA) with multiuser detection (MUD) allow to consider this technology for future wireless Ad Hoc networks. Due to the fundamentally different physical layer architecture, application of MUD in Ad Hoc networks requires novel approaches for medium access control (MAC) and scheduling mechanisms in order to take advantage of the new features. This paper proposes a new MAC and scheduling paradigm which addresses three design issues: distributed dynamic code assignment that avoids code collision, distributed scheduling scheme that provides fairness among contending nodes, and organization of the data transmission based on multiuser detection. Simulation model is used to verify the performance gains from the increased spectrum reuse due to multiuser reception and from the reduced interference due to multiuser detection. This is done by comparisons with existing MAC paradigms, such as CSMA/CA and parallel CDMA.
Drug resistance originating from a TGF-β/FGF-2-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its reversion in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines harboring an EGFR mutation

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a malignant cancer phenotype characterized by augmented invasion and metastasis, chemoresistance, and escape from host-immunity. This study sought to identify efficient methods for inducing EMT reversion, to evaluate alterations in chemosensitivity and immune-protectiveness, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines PC-9 and HCC-827, harboring an EGFR mutation, were treated with TGF-β and FGF-2 to induce EMT. The phenotypic alterations were evaluated by RT-PCR, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, cell-mobility, and flow cytometry. Chemosensitivity to gefitinib and cisplatin was evaluated using an MTT assay and apoptosis. Immune-protectiveness was evaluated by PD-L1 expression. A combination of TGF-β and FGF-2 efficiently induced EMT in both cell lines: through Smad3 pathway in PC-9, and through Smad3, MEK/Erk, and mTOR pathways in HCC-827. The mTOR inhibitor PP242, metformin, and DMSO reverted EMT to different extent and through different pathways, depending on the cell lines. EMT induction reduced the sensitivity to gefitinib in both cell lines and to cisplatin in HCC-827, and it increased PD-L1 expression in both cell lines. EMT reversion using each of the 3 agents partly restored chemosensitivity and suppressed PD-L1 expression. Thus, chemoresistance and increased PD-L1 expression caused by EMT can be successfully reverted by EMT-reverting agents.
A Supramolecular Approach for Liver Radioembolization

Hepatic radioembolization therapies can suffer from discrepancies between diagnostic planning (scout-scan) and the therapeutic delivery itself, resulting in unwanted side-effects such as pulmonary shunting. We reasoned that a nanotechnology-based pre-targeting strategy could help overcome this shortcoming by directly linking pre-interventional diagnostics to the local delivery of therapy. Methods: The host-guest interaction between adamantane and cyclodextrin was employed in an in vivo pre-targeting set-up. Adamantane (guest)-functionalized macro albumin aggregates (MAA-Ad; d = 18 μm) and (radiolabeled) Cy5 and β-cyclodextrin (host)-containing PIBMA polymers (99mTc-Cy50.5CD10PIBMA39; MW ~ 18.8 kDa) functioned as the reactive pair. Following liver or lung embolization with (99mTc)-MAA-Ad or (99mTc)-MAA (control), the utility of the pre-targeting concept was evaluated after intravenous administration of 99mTc-Cy50.5CD10PIBMA39. Results: Interactions between MAA-Ad and Cy50.5CD10PIBMA39 could be monitored in solution using confocal microscopy and were quantified by radioisotope-based binding experiments. In vivo the accumulation of the MAA-Ad particles in the liver or lungs yielded an approximate ten-fold increase in accumulation of 99mTc-Cy50.5CD10PIBMA39 in these organs (16.2 %ID/g and 10.5 %ID/g, respectively) compared to the control. Pre-targeting with MAA alone was shown to be only half as efficient. Uniquely, for the first time, this data demonstrates that the formation of supramolecular interactions between cyclodextrin and adamantane can be used to drive complex formation in the chemically challenging in vivo environment. Conclusion: The in vivo distribution pattern of the cyclodextrin host could be guided by the pre-administration of the adamantane guest, thereby creating a direct link between the scout-scan (MAA-Ad) and delivery of therapy.
High-performance dual-gate carbon nanotube FETs with 40-nm gate length

We report on a high-performance back-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET) with a peak transconductance of 12.5 /spl mu/S and a delay time per unit length of /spl tau//L=19 ps//spl mu/m. In order to minimize the parasitic capacitances and optimize the performance of scaled CNFETs, we have utilized a dual-gate design and have fabricated a 40-nm-gate CNFET possessing excellent subthreshold and output characteristics without exhibiting short-channel effects.
Continued decline in blood lead levels among adults in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

BACKGROUND Declines in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1991 among US adults have been previously reported. More recent trends in blood lead levels and the association of lower blood lead levels with chronic disease have not been reported. METHODS Data from 2 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994 (n = 16,609) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1999-2002 (n = 9961) were analyzed. RESULTS The geometric mean blood lead level declined 41% from 2.76 microg/dL (0.13 micromol/L) in 1988-1994 to 1.64 microg/dL (0.08 micromol/L) in 1999-2002. The percentage of adults with blood lead levels of 10 microg/dL (0.48 micromol/L) or higher declined from 3.3% in 1988-1994 to 0.7% in 1999-2002 (P<.001). In 1999-2002, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of having a blood lead level of 10 microg/dL (0.48 micromol/L) or higher was 2.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-4.84) and 3.26 (1.83-5.81) for non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans, respectively, compared with non-Hispanic whites. After multivariable adjustment, persons in the highest quartile (>or=2.47 microg/dL [>or=0.12 micromol/L]) compared with those in the lowest quartile (<1.06 microg/dL [<0.05 micromol/L]) of blood lead levels were 2.72 (95% CI, 1.47-5.04) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.02-3.61) times more likely to have chronic kidney disease and peripheral arterial disease, respectively. In addition, higher blood lead levels were associated with a higher multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of hypertension among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans. CONCLUSIONS Blood lead levels continue to decline among US adults, but racial and ethnic disparities persist. Higher blood lead levels remain associated with a higher burden of chronic kidney and peripheral arterial diseases among the overall population and with hypertension among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans.