Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rice Bran: A Novel Functional Ingredient

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East and South Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and the West Indies. It provides more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by the human. It is the second leading cereal crop and staple food of half of the world's population. It is grown in at least 114 countries with global production of 645 million tons; share of Asian farmers is about 90% of the total produce. Rice bran, brown outer layer of rice kernel, is mainly composed of pericarp, aleurone, subaleurone layer, and germ. It contains appreciable quantities of nutrients like protein, fat, and dietary fiber. Furthermore, it contains substantial amount of minerals like K, Ca, Mg, and Fe. Presence of antioxidants like tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol also brighten prospects of rice bran utilization for humans as functional ingredient to mitigate the life-threatening disorders. Moreover, in the developing countries, budding dilemma of food crisis, arising due to lower crop yields and escalating population, needs to utilize each pent of available resources. To provide enough food to all people, there is the holistic approach of using the by-products generated during food processing and preparations. Rice is being processed in well-established industry, but the major apprehension is the utilization of its by-products; rice bran (5–8%) and polishing (2–3%) that are going as waste. Rice processing or milling produces several streams of materials including milled rice, bran, and husk. In developing countries, rice bran is considered as a by-product of the milling process and commonly used in animal feed or discarded as a waste. The potential of producing rice bran at the global level is 29.3 million tons annually, whereas the share of Pakistan is worked out to be 0.5 million tons. In present paper, attempt has been made to highlight the significance of these valuable but neglected ingredients under various headings.
Osteoporotic fractures Target whole population for prevention

EDITOR, - Tuan Nguyen and colleagues combined measurements of bone mineral density, muscle strength, and postural stability to predict osteoporotic fractures.1 This outperforms many previous protocols, but their use of discriminant function analysis to derive sensitivity figures in excess of 80% is both unusual and potentially misleading. The term sensitivity should have been reserved for the proportion of people subsequently sustaining fractures who had had a positive test result (in this case a combination of poor results for bone mineral density, muscle …
Dairy farm wastewater treatment using horizontal subsurface flow wetlands with Typha domingensis and different substrates

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of different substrates in the performance of a horizontal flow constructed wetland employed in dairy farm wastewater treatment. Typha domingensis was chosen for this study due to its high productivity and efficiency in nutrient removal. Fifteen microcosm-scale reactors simulating horizontal flow constructed wetlands were disposed in a greenhouse in triplicate. Five substrates (river gravel, gravel, LECA, river gravel + zeolite and gravel + zeolite) were evaluated. Real effluent with previous treatment was used. Dairy farm effluents favoured T. domingensis growth, probably due to their high nutrient concentrations. The treatments with the different substrates studied were efficient in the treatment of the dairy farm effluent obtaining ammonium () and total phosphorus (TP) removals between 88–99% and 86–99%, respectively. Removal efficiencies were significantly higher in treatments using LECA and combined substrate (gravel + zeolite). After treatment, the quality of the final effluent was significantly improved. Outlet effluent complied with regulations and could be discharged into the environment.
EEG and sLORETA: The Dichotic Listening test preliminary results

Dichotic Listening (DL) paradigm which indicates the brain asymmetry behaviorally is a non-invasive neurocognitive method. Phonetic combinations are used in this method. During the DL paradigm, recently developed system is able to mark the time point on the continuous electroencephalography (EEG) at which the DL stimulus is applied to the person in real time. By applying this new method, DL paradigm, we can evaluate the event related potentials of each ear advantages. Also we can elucidate how auditory system processes the knowledge. In this preliminary study, the main aim was to apply the standardized “Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography“ (sLORETA) method to EEG data of DL paradigm. Secondly, sLORETA was applied to different ear advantage (heteronymous and homonymous) event related potentials (ERPs) as a new approach. The preliminary results indicate that for the heteronymous condition the activation found in the superior temporal gyrus in the early stages, moves to central frontal gyrus in the late stages. The differences between the conditions of heteronymous and homonymous arise in frontal activation in the late stages. These findings which indicate the spatial-temporal resolution of the brain's dynamic processing can be beneficial for the clinical applications.
SURVIVOR CURVES OF BACTERIA EXPOSED TO SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS

Reports on bacterial death studies since the basic work of Kronig and Paul (1896) have generally recognized that the death process of bacteria exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions follows a uniform and consistent course. The constancy of the rate of death is the outstanding feature; the term, "constant death rate," means that the number of bacteria that die per time unit is a constant percentage of the number of living organisms at the beginning of this time unit (Rahn, 1945). The order of death of organisms may be determined by computation of the value of the death rate constant, K, in the formula:
Rehabilitative Guidelines after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review

Abstract Rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to pose a challenge for both patients and providers. In addition, guidelines vary considerably between institutions, which often leave therapy regimens to the discretion of the provider. The lack of clear guidelines for rehabilitation may contribute to inadequate recovery of strength and range-of-motion, resulting in less optimal functional outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight and discuss a variety of post-TKA rehabilitative modalities currently available and to provide evidence regarding efficacy and practicality. Specifically, we assessed the role of and evidence for exercise therapy, aquatic therapy, balance training, continuous passive motion, cold therapy and compression, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and instrument-assisted soft-tissue therapy. Additionally, we proposed general recommendations for rehabilitation after TKA, and as we specifically described active and obese patients, we have included guidelines for these subsets as well. Our review examines the various rehabilitative modalities to offer suggestions for recovery of strength and range-of-motion after TKA, with a focus on the early incorporation of exercise therapy, balance training, aquatic therapy, cryopneumatic therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Dedication and commitment to rehabilitation may help patients attain and exceed their preoperative activity levels.
Normal appearing endometrial cells in cervical smears of asymptomatic postmenopausal women have predictive value for significant endometrial pathology

The objective of this study was to determine whether postmenopausal asymptomatic women with normal endometrial cells in their smear are at higher risk for endometrial pathology compared with women without these cells. Histologic follow-up outcome and otherwise cytologic follow-up of 29,144 asymptomatic postmenopausal women was determined. Presence of normal endometrial cells, age, use of hormones, and reported elevated maturation index were assessed. The effect of each variable on outcome as well as the combined effect were evaluated. Prevalence rate of (pre)malignant uterine disease was significantly higher when normal endometrial cells were found in the cervical smear (6.5%) as compared to smears without these cells (0.2%), resulting in a relative risk of 40.2 (95% CI 9.4–172.2). Neither age nor hormone use or elevated maturation index showed significant impact on the outcome. Asymptomatic postmenopausal women with normal endometrial cells in their smear are at significant higher risk for (pre)cancerous endometrial lesion than women without these cells. These cases should be reported to the physician with an explicit comment that normal endometrial cells in a smear of a postmenopausal woman is an abnormal finding, possibly associated with significant endometrial pathology. It raises the question whether further gynecological examination would be more appropriate.
Experimental Evaluation of Estimating Living-Body Direction Using Array Antenna for Multipath Environment

In this letter, we introduce a method that uses the radar system to observe the waves reflected from the target with the single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) array configuration to estimate living-body directions in a multipath environment for applications such as elderly monitoring. Directions of living body are estimated by the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) method, where the Fourier transformed channel matrix is used. Our use of the 2.4-GHz band allows greater miniaturization of the antenna than is possible with the low-frequency band used by conventional systems. Also, this method can be used in multipath-rich environments such as indoors. The experiments are carried out in a specific indoor environment as a demonstration, and the SIMO channel is measured with various subject numbers and positions. The results indicate that the proposed method can estimate living-body directions with high accuracy even in multipath environments.
Discovering and Disciplining Computer Abuse in Organizations: A Field Study

As information systems (IS) managers and computer security administrators attempt to address what may be a serious and persistent problem of computer abuse in organizations, two important aspects must be considered: discovery of abuse incidents and discipline of perpetrators. This field study examines how IS managers address these two activities.Data for the study were gathered using victimization surveys of 1,063 randomly selected members of the DPMA (Data Processing Management Association). Results of the study suggest that purposeful detection of abuse incidents is used less than other methods of discovering abuse. Furthermore, the results show that certain perpetrators are able to hide their identities and abusive activities. Based on these results, the study conclusions present a model that shows how security efforts should be managed in terms of security effort allocations and disciplinary actions.
A hybrid approach to exchange rates: How do macro news and order flow affect exchange rate volatility?

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the impact of information, both public macro news and private information, on exchange rate volatility in an integrated framework. Design/methodology/approach – The authors apply real-time data of macro announcements and high-frequency trading data (German Deutsche Mark to US dollar, DEM/USD, from 1 May to 31August 1996) to GARCH models and examine various model specifications. Findings – Data analysis demonstrates real-time macro news and market makers’ private information both have a significant impact on exchange rate volatility, but there is no interaction between macro and micro information in the information transmission process. Originality/value – This study contributes to empirical hybrid studies of examining exchange rates volatility, which is in line with literature that combine both macro and micro fundamentals in examining exchange rates variation. Particularly, a key element of this study is to use a microstructure fundamental variable, namely, order .
Detection of chromosome imbalances in retinoblastoma by parallel karyotype and CGH analyses

We have studied a series of 20 primary retinoblastomas by karyotypic analysis and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), to perform an exhaustive evaluation of chromosome imbalances in this tumor. In addition, 4 tumors were studied by CGH only. On the whole, CGH results were largely in agreement with those of karyotypic analysis and with known cytogenetic data. The most frequent imbalances were +6p (13/24 cases), +1q (12/24), −16/−16q (11/24), and +2p (9/24). Recurrent high‐level amplifications were observed in 2p23–25 and 1q21. Amplification of 2p23–25, present in 4 cases among which 3 showed double‐minute chromosomes, was related to MYCN amplification, as demonstrated by FISH and PCR. No evident correlation was found in this small series between any of the imbalances identified and either the differentiation or the histoprognostic risk. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 28:370–379, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Therapeutic Use of Music for Dyspnea and Anxiety in Patients with COPD who Live at Home

The purposes of this repeated measures study were to examine the feasibility of using music as an intervention for dyspnea and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulminary disease (COPD) who live in their homes and to examine the effect of music on anxiety and dyspnea. Twenty-four participants who experienced dyspnea at least once a week were studied over a 5-week period. Baseline data were collected on Week 1. Measures of anxiety and dyspnea were taken on Week 2, prior to and immediately following the use of music. These measures were repeated on Week 5. There was a significant decrease in dyspnea following the use of music as reported in the music diary (p < .001). There was a significant decline in anxiety (p < .05) and dyspnea (p < .01) following the use of music on Week 2. There was no significant change in anxiety or dyspnea over the 5-week period.
Complexity of Host Micro‐RNA Response to Cytomegalovirus Reactivation After Organ Transplantation

Human (Homo sapiens) micro‐RNAs (hsa‐miRNAs) regulate virus and host‐gene translation, but the biological impact in patients with human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection is not well defined in a clinically relevant model. First, we compared hsa‐miRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 35 transplant recipients with and without CMV viremia by using a microarray chip covering 847 hsa‐miRNAs. This approach demonstrated a set of 142 differentially expressed hsa‐miRNAs. Next, we examined the effect of each of these miRNAs on viral growth by using human fibroblasts (human foreskin fibroblast‐1) infected with the hCMV Towne strain, identifying a subset of proviral and antiviral hsa‐miRNAs. miRNA‐target prediction software indicated potential binding sites within the hCMV genome (e.g., hCMV‐UL52 and ‐UL100 [UL = unique long]) and host‐genes (e.g., interleukin‐1 receptor, IRF1). Luciferase‐expressing plasmid constructs and immunoblotting confirmed several predicted miRNA targets. Finally, we determined the expression of selected proviral and antiviral hsa‐miRNAs in 242 transplant recipients with hCMV‐viremia. We measured hsa‐miRNAs before and after antiviral therapy and correlated hsa‐miRNA expression levels to hCMV‐replication dynamics. One of six antiviral hsa‐miRNAs showed a significant increase during treatment, concurrent with viral decline. In contrast, six of eight proviral hsa‐miRNAs showed a decrease during viral decline. Our results indicate that a complex and multitargeted hsa‐miRNA response occurs during CMV replication in immunosuppressed patients. This study provides mechanistic insight and potential novel biomarkers for CMV replication.
A Distributed Set of Interactions Controls μ2 Functionality in the Role of AP-2 as a Sorting Adaptor in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis*♦

The mechanisms of how, following exocytosis, the approximately nine types of synaptic vesicle (SV) transmembrane proteins are accurately resorted to form SVs are poorly understood. The time course of SV endocytosis is very sensitive to perturbations in clathrin and dynamin, supporting the model that SV endocytosis occurs through a clathrin-mediated pathway. We recently demonstrated that removal of the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2, the key protein thought to coordinate cargo selection into clathrin-coated pits, results in a significant impairment in endocytosis kinetics. Endocytosis, however, still proceeds in the absence of AP-2, bringing into question the role of AP-2 in cargo sorting in this process. Using quantitative endocytosis assays at nerve terminals, we examined how endocytosis depends on the integrity of μ2 function. Our experiments indicate that no single perturbation in μ2 prevents restoration of endocytic function when mutated μ2 replaces native μ2, whereas introduction of multiple distributed mutations significantly impairs endocytosis. We also examined whether the presence of AP-2 is important for the functionality of the previously identified endocytic motif in an SV cargo protein, the dileucine motif in vGlut-1. These data show that while mutations in the dileucine motif slow the retrieval of vGlut-1, they only do so in the presence of AP-2. These data thus indicate that AP-2 plays a role in cargo selection but that no single aspect of μ2 function is critical, implying that a more distributed network of interactions supports AP-2 function in SV endocytosis.
Therapeutic potential of curcumin in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may be associated with a number of clinical conditions, but it occurs most commonly in patients with insulin resistance. There is as yet no established disease-modifying treatment, and a safe and broadly available agent that targets hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation and fibrosis is necessary. The polyphenolic compound curcumin exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits NF-κB and activates PPAR-γ. In rodents, curcumin prevents dietary-induced hepatic steatosis, hepatic stellate cell activation and production of fibrotic proteins, and ameliorates steatohepatitis induced by the intake of alcohol or a methionine–choline-deficient diet. Indirect evidence suggests that curcumin may improve insulin sensitivity in diabetes and inflammatory states. The present paper reviews the numerous cellular and animal studies indicating that curcumin attenuates many of the pathophysiological processes involved in the development and progression of NASH. It is suggested that basic and clinical studies on curcumin in the development and progression of NASH are indicated.
Repression of Phenazine Antibiotic Production in Pseudomonas aureofaciens Strain 30-84 by RpeA

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 30-84 is a biological control bacterium that utilizes a two-component GacS/GacA regulatory system interconnected with the PhzR/PhzI quorum sensing system to positively regulate biosynthesis of phenazine antibiotics that contribute to its association with plant hosts. To date, no negative regulators of phenazine production have been identified, nor has the role of repression been studied. Here we describe a novel repressor of secondary metabolism in P. aureofaciens strain 30-84, RpeA, whose deduced amino acid sequence is similar to those of a group of putative two-component regulatory systems of unknown function found in several animal and plant-pathogenic bacteria. In minimal medium where phenazine production is very low, inactivation of the rpeA gene enhanced phenazine biosynthetic gene expression and increased phenazine production but did not increase quorum sensing signal accumulation. Furthermore, RpeA functioned to block phenazine biosynthetic gene transcription in minimal medium even when quorum-sensing signals were at a level that was sufficient for induction of phenazine gene expression in rich medium. Additionally, in the absence of rpeA, the quorum sensor PhzR was not required for phenazine production. Although repression plays a critical role in phenazine regulation, the rpeA mutation could not bypass the requirement for a functional GacS/GacA system, demonstrating that activation is required even in the absence of the RpeA repressor. This study reinforces that multiple signals, including nutrition and population density, are integrated to control the appropriate expression of phenazine antibiotics.
Stochastic design of switching controller for quadrotor UAV under intermittent localization.

This paper presents a novel methodology for the design of motion controllers for UAV's of quad-rotor type. The developed controllers are of time switching type, where discrete modes are determined by the momentary availability of global positioning information. Relevant application scenarios are found, where the availability of GPS or generally GNSS is scarce, e.g. in case of indoor flight. For indoor flight dedicated indoor positioning technology may be applied, such as the ultra-sound/radio solution from [1]. Even with such technology available, due to reflection, interference and absorption, the required positioning service cannot be provided continuously without intermittency. A control model is presented, for which a general observer based controller framework is suggested. Feedback and observer gains are then allowed to switch according to the availability of positioning information. The mechanical states of the UAV are inherently un-observable in the absence of positioning information. Therefore the controller, in that case, will be unstable. However, by designing a set of feedback/observer gains to obtain stochastic stability under a given stochastic model for the switching process, an overall well functioning controller is obtained.
Performance and Reporting of Clinical Breast Examination: A Review of the Literature

Clinical breast examination (CBE) seeks to detect breast abnormalities or evaluate patient reports of symptoms to find palpable breast cancers at an earlier stage of progression, when treatment is more effective and treatment options are greater than for later stage disease. Evidence suggests that, for some women, CBE can be an important complement to mammography in the earlier detection of breast cancer; CBE identifies some cancers missed by mammography and provides an important screening tool among women for whom mammography is not recommended or women who do not receive high‐quality screening mammography according to recommended guidelines. But CBE performance and reporting approaches are inconsistent. Health care providers indicate that they are not confident in their CBE skills and would welcome training. Studies demonstrate that training can enhance CBE performance, measured in terms of execution of CBE components and accuracy. This literature review provides evidence to the extent that it is available, to support the specific recommendations of Saslow, et al. 1 for optimizing CBE performance and reporting and to guide further research on CBE performance characteristics, reporting systems, barriers to high‐quality CBE performance, and training.