Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dynamics of Capital Structure

The determinants of capital structure in a dynamics context have been analysed by investigating the derivatives of gearing ratios with respect to the hypothesised determinants. Data from 651 UK listed companies for a period of 16-years from 1985 to 2000 have been used. Moving windows regressions have been used and the results of two alternative methodologies have been compared in order to determine their relative merits. It has been found that traditional OLS-regressions perform as well as structural equation modelling (SEM) in the analysis of adjustment towards the optimal capital structure. Supportive of prior literature, gearing ratios appear to respond positively to changes in firm size and changes in corporate taxes. Also consistent with the theory, gearing ratios respond negatively to changes in non-debt tax shields, profitability, and cash holdings. However, gearing responds negatively to growth only in the short-term, and there is no consistent relationship between changes in tangibility and gearing over time.
Challenges facing women entrepreneurs in Nigeria

Purpose - This study seeks to examine the business and social profiles of 67 women entrepreneurs in three regions of Nigeria in order to identify patterns of entrepreneurship and social and economic challenges facing women business owners in Nigeria. The study aims to support and encourage sustainable small-scale economic development activities by Nigerian women and determine ways to integrate these small businesses into existing urban economic development projects and strategies for poverty alleviation, expand understanding of the business and social profiles of women entrepreneurs in Nigeria, examine the contextual influences on their work, raise the level of awareness of women entrepreneurs amongst all economically active agents and researchers, influence social and economic policy addressing issues of women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach - A survey was developed and administered to a sample of 62 practicing Nigerian female entrepreneurs. The survey was divided into sections that recorded personal demographics, the entrepreneur's perceptions of the business environment and their venture and the motivations and drives that led to the birth of their business. Data were collected and processed to produce frequency distributions on every question/variable in the survey followed by cross-tabulations between all variables and Findings - With no or few significant differences shown to exist between male and female business owners or managers once they have already started an enterprise, there is a strong indication that Africa has sizeable hidden growth potential in its women. From the results presented, it is evident that female entrepreneurship in Nigeria is driven by micro-financing as well as family dynamics that work to shape and influence the birth of a business. Research limitations/implications - Future research initiatives need to explore the gender dimension and the influence of education levels on the role models that influence and drive female entrepreneurship. In addition, the evolution of the complete life cycle of the entrepreneur's business should be examined and dependencies on the variables presented should be investigated. Finally, research should focus studies whose aim is to influence social and educational policy that encourages women's entrepreneurship in the fight for poverty alleviation in Africa. Originality/value - Unique contribution with information being provided regarding an area that has not been studied before with a quantitative and qualitative method both within the same study.
Development and Environment in Urmia Lake of Iran

Since the end of the Second World War, the development paradigm has become the dominant discourse in the world. During the more than 6 decades that the concept of development discourse has been dominant, many theoretical and practical developments have accompanied it. At first, attention was solely centered on economic development and nature was considered as a facilitator of economic growth. However, it was gradually recognized that development with this economic growth approach changes the natural systems of the planet and leads to numerous environmental hazards that can threaten the economic and political systems of countries. Therefore, it is very possible for a political entity to attain development, but sustained development will be faced with serious doubts because environmental aspects are ignored. Therefore, the concept of sustainable development replaced development. Given the above- mentioned approach, this descriptive-analytic research studied the relationship between economic development and the environment, with Urmia Lake as a case example. Findings of the research show that implementation of Development Plans has been one of the main reasons for the drying up of the Lake. Key Words: Sustainable Development, Environment, Urmia Lake.
Contrasting involvements : a study of management accounting practices in Britain and Germany

Drawing on interviews and observations in matched pairs of firms, Contrasting Involvements explores the differences between management accounting practices in Britain and Germany. The author deals with contrasting Anglo-German approaches, particularly regarding how organizational members verbally mobilize accounting, how management accountants relate their craft to processes of strategy-making, and how accounting becomes implicated in organizational processes of accountability. These three themes point towards specific appreciations of the reality of accounting and management by organizational members in the two countries. Ahrens gives readers a sense of the immediacy with which accounting practitioners in both countries appreciate their craft, while emphasizing that they have different kinds of knowledge. Detailed examples illustrate how different enactments of organizational structures can be related to management accountants' contrasting involvements in organizational action.
Lessons Learned from Urban Latinas with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

This study focused on Latinas (female Hispanics) with Type 2 diabetes because this disease has a high prevalence and incidence among this population and cultural norms may affect women's experiences with diabetes. The study used a descriptive phenomenology design with a purposive sample of 13 Latina volunteers recruited from a local community health center in southern New England. Data were collected via interviews in English or Spanish. Six themes emerged from the analysis: stress as a cause and effect; too little, too late; profound sadness, diabetic anger, and loss of control; obsession with diet; life under a magnifying glass; and religion as a lifeline. Further research should pursue development of a culturally relevant approach to the health care management of Latinos.
Stochastic optimal power flow with wind generator based on stochastic response surface method (SRSM) and interior point methods

In order to describe the randomness of the wind speed, analyze its influence to the optimal power flow with wind power generator, and reduce simulation time, this paper proposes a calculation method for stochastic optimal power flow with wind generator based on stochastic response surface method (SRSM) and interior point methods. The stochastic response surface method is applied to transform the problem of probability evaluations of the output power to the deterministic problem and shorten calculation time. The interior point method is used to deal with the randomness of wind speed and solve the deterministic problem stochastic optimal power flow with wind generator. Compared with the Monte Carlo method on IEEE 14-bus systems, the stochastic response surface method requires smaller amount of computation and achieves higher accuracy. The results also indicate that the proposed compound method are more practical and effective in reducing simulation time.
Information, Education, and Indoctrination: The Federation of American Scientists and Public Communication Strategies in the Atomic Age.

UNLABELLED [[ KEYWORDS atomic energy, public relations, indoctrination, education, scientists’ movement, social science]] Immediately following World War II, atomic scientists and their colleagues in other disciplines formed the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) and dedicated themselves to increasing public knowledge about atomic energy and the need for international control. FAS scientists began their campaign with faith in the role a well-informed public could play in a democracy. Recognizing their inexperience in public relations, scientists sought the assistance of social scientists and PR experts to help them communicate their message effectively. Confronting in their advisors’ recommendations a radically different conception of how to reach the public, FAS scientists faced a choice: relinquish their cherished self-image as objective experts and embrace techniques of indoctrination, or maintain their focus on informing or educating the public. Examining the Federation’s dilemma sheds new light upon the changing motivations and public communication strategies of scientists in post-World War II America.
An Integrated Computational Approach for Plant-Based Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 1 Inhibitors

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 is a therapeutic target for the type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the International Diabetes Federation 2015 report, one out of 11 adults suffers from diabetes mellitus globally. Objective: Current anti-diabetic drugs can cause life-threatening side-effects. The present study proposes a pipeline for the development of effective and plant-derived anti-diabetic drugs that may be safer and better tolerated. Methods: Plant-derived protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 inhibitors possessing antidiabetic activity less than 10μM were used as a training set. A common feature pharmacophore model was generated. Pharmacophore-based screening of plant-derived compounds of the ZINC database was conducted using ZINCpharmer. Screened hits were assessed to evaluate their drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, detailed binding behavior, and aggregator possibility based on their physiochemical properties and chemical similarity with reported aggregators. Results: Through virtual screening and in silico pharmacology protocol isosilybin (ZINC30731533) was identified as a lead compound with optimal properties. This compound can be recommended for laboratory tests and further analyses to confirm its activity as protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 inhibitor. Conclusion: The present study has identified plant-derived anti-diabetic virtual lead compound with the potential to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1, which may be helpful to enhance insulin production. This computer-aided study could facilitate the development of novel pharmacological inhibitors for diabetes treatment.
Comparison of the distribution of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive and other synapses onto the somata of callosal projection neurons in mouse visual and somatosensory cortex

The distribution of synapses made by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive (pv‐ir) and nonimmunoreactive terminals was determined for the cell bodies of callosal projection neurons in the somatosensory and visual areas of mouse cerebral cortex. Callosal neurons were labeled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase applied to the contralateral hemisphere. The surface areas of somata belonging to callosal cells in somatosensory cortex ranged from 230 to 243 μm2 in size and received roughly one‐third of their synapses from pv‐ir terminals. Visual cortex, in contrast, contained two populations of callosal cell bodies: relatively large ones ranging in size from 255 to 279 μm2 that received 3–9% of their synapses from pv‐ir terminals and smaller cell bodies that both in size (232–237 μm2) and in the proportion of synapses received from pv‐ir terminals resemble the callosal cells examined in somatosensory cortex. That different functional areas of the cortex have populations of callosal cells similar in size, and displaying similar patterns of somatic synapses, supports the notion that a common plan of synaptic connectivity characterizes different functional areas. Results in visual cortex indicate that functional areas contain, in addition, area‐specific patterns of synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 379:198–210, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zoning and the Tax Treatment of Housing

Decentralization—or suburbanization—is probably the single most important fact of recent urban development. Peter Mieszkowski and Edwin Mills have convincingly argued that suburbanization has been occurring in most developed countries throughout most of the twentieth century.1 Decentralization in the United States has been particularly rapid, and it has been associated with considerable geographic sorting by income. Lower-income households have become increasingly concentrated in American central cities, while more wealthy households have opted for suburban communities.2 The rapid pace of U.S. decentralization is often seen as the reflection of the intrinsic tastes of the American public, and hence some argue that it should not be an issue for public policy.3 Persistent concerns about central-city decline and suburban sprawl, however, suggest some dissatisfaction with current patterns of metropolitan development. Observed patterns of decentralization are broadly consistent with the implications of the basic monocentric urban model developed by Edwin Mills, Richard F. Muth, and William Alonso more than thirty years ago.4 In the basic model and the generalizations that followed, land prices adjust to compensate for differential commuting costs across residential locations. This model implies that, as rising incomes increase the demand for residential land and
Degradation and adsorption of terbuthylazine and chlorpyrifos in biobed biomixtures from composted cotton crop residues.

BACKGROUND Biobeds have been well studied in northern Europe, whereas little is known regarding their use in southern Europe. The degradation and adsorption of terbuthylazine (TA) and chlorpyrifos (CP) were studied in three different biomixtures composed of composted cotton crop residues, soil and straw in various proportions, and also in sterilised and non-sterilised soil. RESULTS Compost biomixtures degraded the less hydrophobic TA at a faster rate than soil, while the opposite was evident for the more hydrophobic CP. These results were attributed to the rapid abiotic hydrolysis of CP in the alkaline soil (pH 8.5) compared with the lower pH of the compost (6.6), but also to the increasing adsorption (K(d) = 746 mL g(-1)) and reduced bioavailability of CP in the biomixtures compared with soil (K(d) = 17 mL g(-1)), as verified by the adsorption studies. CONCLUSIONS Compost had a dual but contrasting effect on degradation that depended on the chemical nature of the pesticide studied: a positive effect towards TA owing to increasing biodegradation and a negative effect towards CP owing to increasing adsorption. Overall, composted cotton crop residues could be potentially used in local biobed systems in Greece, as they promoted the degradation of hydrophilic pesticides and the adsorption of hydrophobic pesticides.
Design for learning: Adapting the microscopic anatomy laboratory to adult learners

Medical school curricula are undergoing transformational change in response to calls for integrating content across courses and years to enable better retention and application and for individualizing learning to meet the diverse backgrounds and thus differing needs of students. To address the related teaching challenges, faculty can employ solid principles of adult learning and instructional design and use teaching strategies that stimulate different learning styles. We developed laboratory sessions that follow a learner‐centered instructional design model we refer to as “PLHET,” reflecting the steps of preparing, linking, hooking, engaging, and transferring learning, and also applied teaching strategies that reflect Kolb's four styles of learning (accommodative, divergent, assimilative, and convergent). We utilized a group learning format to promote active learning, teamwork, and self‐direction. Preliminary data based on student surveys of laboratory activity show positive responses. In the future, we will test the hypothesis that this design will improve medical students' performance. Anat Sci Educ © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
Sequence analysis of the MHC class II DPB1 gene in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

The diversity of the MHC class II region in non‐human primates is a focus of biomedical research because this region plays a crucial role in the recognition of antigens in the immune system. In particular, the chimpanzee [Pan troglodytes (Patr)], which belongs to the superfamily Hominoidea, has been used as a human model for the study of diseases such as human hepatitis C virus (HCV), human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, to which only humans and chimpanzees are susceptible. In the present study, polymorphisms of the MHC‐DPB1 gene (Patr‐DPB1) in a chimpanzee colony in Japan were examined using a stepwise polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. In order to design a suitable primer pair which would amplify exon 2 of the Patr‐DPB1 gene, a fragment of approximately 8 kb from exon 1 to exon 3 was amplified from chimpanzee genomic DNA. After designing a 500‐bp primer pair at the 3′ region of intron 1 and the 5′ region of intron 2, analysis of DPB1 exon 2 alleles of each chimpanzee was carried out. Twenty‐two chimpanzees were used in our study, and we identified seven alleles by sequence analysis on the Patr‐DPB1 gene, including one new allele. The obtained nucleotide sequence patterns suggest that Patr‐DPB1 alleles emerge by genetic variations such as the exchange of sequence motifs and the accumulation of point mutations.
Successful Internal Mammary Visualization With Periareolar Injections of Tc-99m Antimony Sulfur Colloid in Sentinel Node Breast Lymphoscintigraphy

Purpose: The subareolar and periareolar injection techniques result in higher detection rates and do not require tumor localization in impalpable lesions when compared with the peritumoral technique. One of the main criticisms, however, is the widely reported inability to detect internal mammary nodes. This contrasts with our clinical experience using Tc-99m antimony sulfur colloid, in which internal mammary nodes are commonly seen. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 241 patients over 38 months was performed to investigate the ability of our periareolar injection technique to detect internal mammary lymph node drainage in breast cancer sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy. Four injections of 5 to 10 MBq (0.14–0.27 mCi) Tc-99m antimony sulfur colloid were administered on the day of surgery followed by massage and imaging. The radioisotope was suspended in 0.1 mL with a 0.5-mL air lock. Each injection was performed over 2 seconds with a 25-gauge needle at a depth of 1.1 to 1.3 cm. Patients whose records could not be retrieved or who underwent an injection technique apart from periareolar or peritumoral were removed from the analysis. Results: One hundred thirty-three patients underwent the periareolar technique, 72 patients underwent the peritumoral technique, and 36 patients were excluded from the analysis. Internal mammary drainage was seen in 24 of 133 (18.0%) patients, of which 12 (9%) were seen only in the internal mammary chain. This is much higher than previous studies quoting 0.0% to 4.3% and is similar to previously reported rates using the peritumoral technique. Conclusions: Our periareolar injection technique using Tc-99m antimony sulfur colloid is able to detect internal mammary lymph nodes in at least 18.0% of patients.
Work in progress: Analysis of change in engineering construct knowledge

Interview transcripts from students (grades 2-4) were examined to measure change in understanding of engineering constructs using a coding scheme that is in development. The participants were students of teachers from a large, urban school-district that participated in two summer teacher professional development (TPD) engineering education academies and received continued support from a university center devoted to P-12 engineering education. To analyze the interviews, the overarching themes were broken into eight constructs that were points of focus during the TPD. Sample results show change in all mean scores. The inter-coder reliability for this iteration of scheme development was 91.3%. Scored level of understanding of the constructs (on a scale of 0-3) produced 75% agreement. The coding scheme continues to be refined in an effort to provide a form of evaluation of TPD and teacher effectiveness that identifies weaknesses in curriculum design and implementation.
Effect of polo-like kinase 1 gene silence on cell cycle and drug resistance in K562/A02 cell.

像马球的 kinase (PLK1 ) 1 在许多 cell-cycle-relatedevents 起一个重要作用。 在 G_2/M 转变， PLK1 由 phosphorylation ofCdc25C 贡献 cyclinB/Cdc 的激活，中心体功能的成熟，双极的锭子形成。 在有丝分裂的以后的舞台， PLK1 涉及为有丝分裂的出口调整支持后期的建筑群(APC ) 的部件并且在胞质分裂的实行。 而且，最近的报告证明了 PLK1 涉及 G_2 和有丝分裂的 DNA 损坏检查点。 当 G_2/M DNA 损坏发生时， PLK1 活动被压制，房间周期逮捕修理损坏 DNA。 到目前为止， deregulated 表示 ofPLK1 在人的肿瘤的许多类型被检测了， PLK1 为几个肿瘤被看作一个新奇预示的标记。 其肿瘤证明那 highPLK1 表情糟糕有药品效果，并且对化疗抵抗的 Non-small- 房间肺癌症(NSCLC ) 病人，它暗示了 thatPLK1 可能与药抵抗被联系。 K562/A02 是一古典多药抵抗(MDR ) 人的肿瘤房间线与过去药流出蛋白质的表示， P-glycoprotein 编码了 bymultidrug 抵抗 1 (mdr1 ) 基因。 我们利用了基于向量的小 RNA 介入明确地弄空的技术在为在房间周期前进和药抵抗调查 PLK1 的功能的 K562/A02 房间的 PLK1。
Monte Carlo mean-field theory and frustrated systems in two and three dimensions.

A new method, combining mean-field and Monte Carlo approaches, is applied to frustrated Ising systems in d=2 and 3, in zero and nonzero uniform fields. The method brings to mean-field theory the hard-spin condition and uses much less sampling than the Monte Carlo simulation. The phase diagram of the d=2 triangular antiferromagnet is easily obtained. The phase diagram of the d=3 stacked triangular antiferromagnet shows three ordered phases, in a new multicritical topology of lines of XY, Ising, and three-state Potts transitions