Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synaptotagmin Interaction with SNAP-25 Governs Vesicle Docking, Priming, and Fusion Triggering

SNARE complex assembly constitutes a key step in exocytosis that is rendered Ca2+-dependent by interactions with synaptotagmin-1. Two putative sites for synaptotagmin binding have recently been identified in SNAP-25 using biochemical methods: one located around the center and another at the C-terminal end of the SNARE bundle. However, it is still unclear whether and how synaptotagmin-1 × SNARE interactions at these sites are involved in regulating fast neurotransmitter release. Here, we have used electrophysiological techniques with high time-resolution to directly investigate the mechanistic ramifications of proposed SNAP-25 × synaptotagmin-1 interaction in mouse chromaffin cells. We demonstrate that the postulated central binding domain surrounding layer zero covers both SNARE motifs of SNAP-25 and is essential for vesicle docking, priming, and fast fusion-triggering. Mutation of this site caused no further functional alterations in synaptotagmin-1-deficient cells, indicating that the central acidic patch indeed constitutes a mechanistically relevant synaptotagmin-1 interaction site. Moreover, our data show that the C-terminal binding interface only plays a subsidiary role in triggering but is required for the full size of the readily releasable pool. Intriguingly, we also found that mutation of synaptotagmin-1 interaction sites led to more pronounced phenotypes in the context of the adult neuronal isoform SNAP-25B than in the embryonic isoform SNAP-25A. Further experiments demonstrated that stronger synaptotagmin-1 × SNAP-25B interactions allow for the larger primed vesicle pool supported by SNAP-25 isoform B. Thus, synaptotagmin-1 × SNARE interactions are not only required for multiple mechanistic steps en route to fusion but also underlie the developmental control of the releasable vesicle pool.
A supervised POS tagger for written Arabic social networking corpora

This paper presents an implementation of Brill's Transformation-Based Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging algorithm trained on a manually-annotated Twitter-based Egyptian Arabic corpus of 423,691 tokens and 70,163 types. Unlike standard POS morphosyntactic annotation schemes which label each word based on its word-level morphosyntactic features, we use a function-based annotation scheme in which words are labeled based on their grammatical functions rather than their morpho-syntactic structures given that these two do not necessarily map. While a standard morpho-syntactic scheme makes comparisons with other work easier, the function-based scheme is assumed to be more efficient for building higher-up tools such as base-phrase chunkers, dependency parsers and for NLP applications like subjectivity and sentiment analysis. The function-based scheme also gives new insights about linguistic structural realizations specific to Egyptian Arabic which is currently an under-resourced language.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy in Tumor Cells: Implications for p53

Autophagy is an essential process of the eukaryotic cell allowing degradation and recycling of dysfunctional cellular components in response to either physiological or pathological changes. Inhibition of autophagy in combination with chemotherapeutic treatment has emerged as a novel approach in cancer treatment leading to cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Suberoyl hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) suppressing family members in multiple HDAC classes. Increasing evidence indicates that SAHA and other HDACi can, in addition to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, also promote caspase-independent autophagy. SAHA-induced mTOR inactivation as a major regulator of autophagy activating the remaining autophagic core machinery is by far the most reported pathway in several tumor models. However, the question of which upstream mechanisms regulate SAHA-induced mTOR inactivation that consequently initiate autophagy has been mainly left unexplored. To elucidate this issue, we recently initiated a study clarifying different modes of SAHA-induced cell death in two human uterine sarcoma cell lines which led to the conclusion that the tumor suppressor protein p53 could act as a molecular switch between SAHA-triggered autophagic or apoptotic cell death. In this review, we present current research evidence about HDACi-mediated apoptotic and autophagic pathways, in particular with regard to p53 and its therapeutic implications.
Evaluation of Carbon Sequestration Potential in Cropland Soil of Lower Reaches of Liaohe River Plain

Lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain is one of the areas where has a long history of planting in China, thus the enhancement of the capacity of soil carbon sequestration in cropland of this area has an important influence on global green house gases mitigation.Based on the 2nd National Soil Inventory data and the latest results from cropland productivity evaluation,the statistical model of soil carbon sequestration potential established by Qin et al. [, the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential was estimated and the differences of carbon sequestration ability between dry land and paddy field were compared according to the SOC spatio-temporal changes in cropland of Lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain over the last 30 years.The results show that the organic carbon density (SOCP) is 4.95 kg m-2 when the cropland soil organic carbon is saturated. The organic carbon storage in soil surface is 127.33 Tg in this area with an increase of 57.52 Tg. The organic carbon sequestration ability in paddy field is bigger than dry land in Lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain.
Single-cell transcriptome sequencing: recent advances and remaining challenges

Single-cell RNA-sequencing methods are now robust and economically practical and are becoming a powerful tool for high-throughput, high-resolution transcriptomic analysis of cell states and dynamics. Single-cell approaches circumvent the averaging artifacts associated with traditional bulk population data, yielding new insights into the cellular diversity underlying superficially homogeneous populations. Thus far, single-cell RNA-sequencing has already shown great effectiveness in unraveling complex cell populations, reconstructing developmental trajectories, and modeling transcriptional dynamics. Ongoing technical improvements to single-cell RNA-sequencing throughput and sensitivity, the development of more sophisticated analytical frameworks for single-cell data, and an increasing array of complementary single-cell assays all promise to expand the usefulness and potential applications of single-cell transcriptomic profiling.
BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF CIRCULARLY POLARIZED SQUARE SLOT ANTENNA

Bandwidth enhancement technique of circularly polarized square slot antenna is presented in this paper. A square slot antenna with the components of L-probe separated could achieve an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 33.84%. Placing Stubs in the slot by studying the electric fleld behaviour could enhance the AR bandwidth by around 10%. Creating an L-shaped slot on the ground plane, where the electric fleld rotates in the desired clockwise direction, can further enhance the bandwidth by 7%. A < i10dB S11 bandwidth of 46.15% and < 3dB AR bandwidth of 50.35% could be achieved with the present design. Unidirectional patters are obtained by having a cavity at the wide slot of the antenna and shows a measured bandwidth of 41.79% in S11 and 44.97% in AR. Both antennas show a cross polarization discrimination of more than 15dB on a wide azimuth range. The measured results well comply with the simulated results.
Linear parameter varying control for actuator failure

A robust linear parameter varying (LPV) control synthesis is carried out for an HiMAT vehicle subject to loss of control effectiveness. The scheduling parameter is selected to be a function of the estimates of the control effectiveness factors. The estimates are provided on-line by a two-stage Kalman estimator. The inherent conservatism of the LPV design is reducing through the use of a scaling factor on the uncertainty block that represents the estimation errors of the effectiveness factors. Simulations of the controlled system with the on-line estimator show that a superior fault-tolerance can be achieved.
Energy Conversion and Phase Regulation in Transient States of Frequency Entrainment Described by van der Pol and Phase-Locked Loop Equations

We study the role of energy conversion in phase regulation of frequency entrainment. For an open dynamical system that interacts with its environment, energy conversion in the system is the key to a wide variety of nonlinear phenomena including frequency entrainment. In this paper, using the standard notion of energy, we study the phenomena of frequency entrainment by periodic forces in two different types of oscillations: libration and rotation. Theoretical analysis shows a relationship between phase regulation and energy conversion in the entrainment phenomena. Both of them are explained as a common phase regulation. On the other hand, no common relationship between transient behaviors and energy conversion is identified for the two different types of oscillations. For libration, the development of frequency entrainment does not depend on the energy conversion. The energy input to the oscillator affects the amplitude of libration. For the rotation, the development of frequency entrainment is governed by the amount of energy conversion. The energy input to the system directly regulates the phase of rotation, in other words, controls the entrainment phenomenon. These results suggest a different dynamical and control origin behind the two types of entrainment phenomena as the energy conversion in the systems. key words: synchronization, energy conversion, phase regulation, libration, rotation
Design of a clinically relevant upper-limb exoskeleton robot for stroke patients with spasticity

The purpose of this research is to propose a design of a clinically relevant upper-limb (hand, wrist, and elbow) exoskeleton that meets the clinical requirements. At first, the proposed robot was designed to have sufficient torque for passive exercise therapy and spasticity measurement of post-stroke patients with spasticity (grade 3 or lower in Modified Ashworth Scale). Because the therapy of patients with high level spasticity could be laborious for therapists by increased muscle tone, and the patients tend not to get enough rehabilitation treatment. Secondly, this robot was designed to have user friendly features like as modularity, so that users have easy approach to assemble and disassemble for practical use. Thirdly, this robot system was designed to guarantee the safety for robot-aided passive training of patients with spasticity. As a result, we were able to see the usability of the robot system, even though it was a pilot test. This shows the possibility of measuring and classifying the spasticity.
Context-Aware Resource Management for Mobile Servers

Mobile operators wishing to deploy higher-level value-added services face various costs attributable to the introduction of new software and hardware components into their networks. Considering that today’s wireless devices are becoming increasingly capable of running complex applications with server-like features, we could envision the case where mobile operators “outsource” value-added services provision to subscribers equipped with such devices, which will thus be acting as mobile servers. Services may either be attributed to these mobile servers by the mobile operator or be created in an ad-hoc manner by the subscribers and could range from file sharing applications to location based, context-aware service offerings, such as real-time road traffic information. Network operators benefit from this scheme not only because they enrich their offerings at minimal cost, but also because traffic towards the outside of their networks (to obtain similar services) is limited. Clients benefit because these “internal” services are accessed from within the core network of the provider at high-speed since external and potentially congested routes are avoided.
An IDS Alert Aggregation Method Based on Clustering

How to aggregate and reduce duplicated alerts is one of the most important tasks in IDSs. This paper proposed an alert aggregation method, which clustering similar alerts into a hyper alert based on category and feature similarity. For each feature we define an appropriate similarity function. The overall similarity is weighted by a specifiable expectation of similarity. Experiments on DARPA2000 data set have demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.
What functional brain imaging reveals about the semantic representation of object knowledge

We propose a generative classifier which models the hidden factors that underpin the neural representation of objects with a multivariate multiple linear regression model. Our results indicate that object features derived from a feature norming study or word cooccurrences in web corpus can capture some of these hidden factors and explain a significant portion of the systematic variance in the neural activity observed in an object-contemplation task. Furthermore, the resulting regression model is useful for decoding mental states, can generalize across people, and allows us to extrapolate the neural activity for unseen objects, which cannot be done with a discriminative classifier.
Micro fluidic channel actuator using optical force induced by evanescent field material coupling

A hollow optical fiber (HOF) has an unique modal distribution of a central evanescent field due to its structure. The HOF consists of a central air hole, a Ge-doped ring core placed at the inmost layer, and silica cladding, which induces the weak evanescent field at the central hole. By the structure with geometric symmetry, it is possible to inject a refractive fluid into the hole and to modify the modal distribution. When a refractive index of the fluid is same with or higher than the core's, guiding of light becomes dominant at the center and the ringshaped field turns into a LP01 mode. During the process, optical force is induced and the net momentum of the fluid is changed. The direction of optical force is opposite to that of light propagation, and the fluid come to be dragged along the central channel in the HOF. In order to further investigate the phenomenon, we have changed the refractive index of the fluid and measured resultant optical force. The direction and strength of the optical force was dependent on the refractive index of the central fluid, which shows ample potential of the HOF as a refractive index sensor.
Teaching problem-solving through a cooperative learning environment

The Biology Sleuth was developed to provide a testbed in which the distribution of critical resources could be varied and the consequent effects on group dynamics and individual learning could be studied. The primary teaching goal of The Biology Sleuth is to teach important problem-solving skills (specifically, diagnostic reasoning) to high school students. In order to meet this goal a cooperative learning [3] environment has been developed in which students work in groups, aided by each other, software, and the classroom teacher,
An Empirical Examination of Knowledge-Sharing Model in Information Systems Groups

Knowledge-sharing represents a key ingredient for group performance and success in work projects. Thus, understanding factors affecting knowledge-sharing in group work settings is critical for group effectiveness and success. Based on organisational behaviour and information systems (IS) literatures, the present study suggests that group efficacy and group cohesion will have direct effects on perceived loafing. In turn, perceived loafing, group efficacy, and group cohesion are posited to have direct effects on a member's behavioural intention to share knowledge with other group members. The results revealed that group efficacy and group cohesion had negative effects on perceived loafing which, in turn, demonstrated a negative effect on behavioural intention to share knowledge. Group efficacy and group cohesion demonstrated non-significant direct effects on behavioural intention. These results provide valuable implications for research and practice.
Genome Structure and Reproductive Behaviour Influence the Evolutionary Potential of a Fungal Phytopathogen

Modern agriculture favours the selection and spread of novel plant diseases. Furthermore, crop genetic resistance against pathogens is often rendered ineffective within a few years of its commercial deployment. Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of phoma stem canker of oilseed rape, develops gene-for-gene interactions with its host plant, and has a high evolutionary potential to render ineffective novel sources of resistance in crops. Here, we established a four-year field experiment to monitor the evolution of populations confronted with the newly released Rlm7 resistance and to investigate the nature of the mutations responsible for virulence against Rlm7. A total of 2551 fungal isolates were collected from experimental crops of a Rlm7 cultivar or a cultivar without Rlm7. All isolates were phenotyped for virulence and a subset was genotyped with neutral genetic markers. Virulent isolates were investigated for molecular events at the AvrLm4-7 locus. Whilst virulent isolates were not found in neighbouring crops, their frequency had reached 36% in the experimental field after four years. An extreme diversity of independent molecular events leading to virulence was identified in populations, with large-scale Repeat Induced Point mutations or complete deletion of AvrLm4-7 being the most frequent. Our data suggest that increased mutability of fungal genes involved in the interactions with plants is directly related to their genomic environment and reproductive system. Thus, rapid allelic diversification of avirulence genes can be generated in L. maculans populations in a single field provided that large population sizes and sexual reproduction are favoured by agricultural practices.
AN ANALYSIS OF RAW MATERIALS FOR CONCRETES AS METAL SHEETS FOR SOLAR RADIATION ABSORBER

Various researches have been made in terms of materials for absorping heat and their usages. Previous researches have not started from testing the basic materials for cast concrete, therefore it is necessary to investigate the materials as heat absorbers from the solar radiation. In this present research, an experimental method was employed to test the basic materials for cast concrete (cement, fine and har aggregates). This study is intended to know the specific weight, cement quality, heat-affordability treatment , and test for solar radiation-heat absorption and storage. From the research results, it can be concluded that dealing with materials, the best type of sand is that of iron sand and the the best cast stone is that of hulled cast stone. From the specific weight, heat-affordability treatment, and solar radiation-heat absorbsion and storage, the type or trademark of the best cement is that of Puger-Jmeber. It is also the case for the mortar-pressure power, heat affordability treatment, and solar radiation-heat absorption and storage.
Astral microtubules control redistribution of dynein at the cell cortex to facilitate spindle positioning

Cytoplasmic dynein is recruited to the cell cortex in early mitosis, where it can generate pulling forces on astral microtubules to position the mitotic spindle. Recent work has shown that dynein displays a dynamic asymmetric cortical localization, and that dynein recruitment is negatively regulated by spindle pole-proximity. This results in oscillating dynein recruitment to opposite sides of the cortex to center the mitotic spindle. However, although the centrosome-derived signal that promotes displacement of dynein has been identified, it is currently unknown how dynein is re-recruited to the cortex once it has been displaced. Here we show that re-recruitment of cortical dynein requires astral microtubules. We find that microtubules are necessary for the sustained localized enrichment of dynein at the cortex. Furthermore, we show that stabilization of astral microtubules causes spindle misorientation, followed by mispositioning of dynein at the cortex. Thus, our results demonstrate the importance of astral microtubules in the dynamic regulation of cortical dynein recruitment in mitosis.
Thread Allocation in Chip Multiprocessor Based Multithreaded Network Processors

This work tries to derive ideas for thread allocation in chip multiprocessor (CMP)-based network processors performing general applications by continuous-time Markov chain modeling and Petri net simulations. The concept of P-M ratio, where P and M indicate the computational and memory access overhead when processing a packet, is introduced and the relation to thread allocation is explored. Results indicate that the demand of threads in a processor diminishes rapidly as P-M ratio increases to 0.066, and decreases slowly afterwards. Observations from a certain P-M ratio can be applied to various software-hardware combinations having the same ratio.
Synopsis Construction in Data Streams 2.1 Introduction

Unlike traditional data sets, stream data flow in and out of a computer system continuously and with varying update rates. It may be impossible to store an entire data stream due to its tremendous volume. To discover knowledge or patterns from data streams, it is necessary to develop data stream summarization techniques. Lots of work has been done to summarize the contents of data streams in order to produce an approximate but controlled result. A strong constraint both in querying and mining data streams is to process data 'on the fly', facing variations in input streams. For many applications, it is nevertheless necessary to keep track of information related to a maximum number of elements of the stream but in bounded space. Lots of work has been done to summarize the contents of data streams in order to produce an approximate but controlled result. Creating synopsis of data refers to the process of applying summarization techniques that are capable of summarizing the incoming stream for further analysis. Since synopsis of data does not represent all the characteristics of the dataset, approximate answers are produced when using data synopsis. Synopses structures can be used both for answering queries and applying data mining algorithms to streams. The goal of the frequent pattern mining issues in data streams is depicted as the following: input a sequence of data item x 1 , x 2 ,. , x N ,. , where N denotes the current length of the stream, support sЄ(0,l) and error ε Є(0,l), ε<<s, at any point of time, these algorithms can produce a list of item(set)s along with their estimated frequencies. With finite space of main memory, precise frequent patterns cannot be mined when plenty of data streams arrive, which requires to drop some data items or data packets and only compute an approximate count of the data set. The algorithms on this statistical counting problem can be classified into two categories: Deterministic bounds: an approximate answer which bounds on error is computed within a factor ± ε of the actual answer; Probabilistic bounds: an approximate answer with high probability is computed within a factor ± ε of the actual answer; Approximate answers with probabilistic bounds can handle the item(set)s evaluated over a sample of the data streams rather than over the entire data streams, which leads to better results when the speed of processor is fast but the speed of data …