Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Construction of Dynamic Traffic Pattern Recognition and Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning in the Background of Intelligent Cities

To reduce traffic congestion, it is particularly important to use advanced technology to predict urban traffic flow. Therefore, a dynamic traffic pattern prediction model is proposed, which includes convolutional neural network, long and short term memory network and attention mechanism. The validity of the prediction model is verified by the loss function and the average absolute percentage error. In addition, the study also constructs a model for user travel pattern and parking point recognition based on deep learning and mobile signaling data. The performance of the recognition model is verified by the accuracy and other indicators. The research outcomes demonstrated that the max average absolute percentage error of the dynamic traffic mode prediction model was 7.8%, and the mini value was 2.9%. The average accuracy of the user travel pattern recognition model was 83.34%, and that of the parking point recognition model was 88.56%. The dynamic traffic model recognition and prediction model designed by the research institute has better results, and has practical guiding significance in smart city traffic management.
The essence of the effect of strain rate on the mechanical behavior of the Fe14.6Ni (at%) elastocaloric refrigeration alloy: a molecular dynamics study

In this research, a molecular dynamics (MD) model was adopted to investigate the essence of the effect of strain rate on the mechanical behavior of the Fe14.6Ni (at%) elastocaloric refrigeration alloy. The study showed that the mechanical behavior of the Fe14.6Ni (at%) alloy was dependent on the strain rate. Besides, the investigation of temperature demonstrated that the strain rate influenced mechanical behavior by changing the transient temperatures. Furthermore, it was found that the adiabatic temperature change (ΔTadi) was high and up to 51 K, which was a 1.57 times improvement. Finally, the conclusion was drawn that the strain rate influenced the mechanical behavior by changing the transient total kinetic energy and the phase content evolution processes, which was the essence of the effect of strain rate on the mechanical behavior. This work has clarified the essence and enriched the theory of the effect of strain rate on the mechanical behavior of elastocaloric refrigeration alloys.
Social Preferences? Google Answers!1

We study the pricing and tipping behaviour of users of the online service ‘Google Answers’. While they set a price for the answer to their question ex ante, they can additionally give a tip to the researcher ex post. We develop a model that is based on reciprocal theories of social preferences pioneered by Rabin (1993) and extended by Dufwenberg and Kirchsteiger (2004). The predictions of our model are empirically tested with the field data we obtained. In line with the related experimental literature we conclude that an open contracts design encourages people to tip. This is motivated by reciprocity when people are socially-minded, but also by strategic considerations to build up a good reputation. Moreover, researchers seem to adjust their effort based on the user’s previous tipping behaviour. Higher effort levels are reached when a sufficient tip history is available and efficiency is increased. 1 I am grateful to Maija Halonen-Akatwijuka and Sebastien Mitraille for valuable discussions and to seminar participants at the University of Bristol, the Royal Economic Society Annual Congress 2005, the World Congress of the Econometric Society 2005, the Max-Planck Institute Jena summer school 2005 in particular to David Winter, Juergen Bracht and Osiris Parcero for their comments.
ISCom: Interest-Aware Semantic Communication Scheme for Point Cloud Video Streaming on Metaverse XR Devices

In the metaverse era, point cloud video (PCV) streaming on mobile XR devices is pivotal. While most current methods focus on PCV compression from traditional 3-DoF video services, emerging AI techniques extract vital semantic information, producing content resembling the original. However, these are early-stage and computationally intensive. To enhance the inference efficacy of AI-based approaches, accommodate dynamic environments, and facilitate applicability to metaverse XR devices, we present ISCom, an interest-aware semantic communication scheme for lightweight PCV streaming. ISCom is featured with a region-of-interest (ROI) selection module, a lightweight encoder-decoder training module, and a learning-based scheduler to achieve real-time PCV decoding and rendering on resource-constrained devices. ISCom’s dual-stage ROI selection provides significantly reduces data volume according to real-time interest. The lightweight PCV encoder-decoder training is tailored to resource-constrained devices and adapts to the heterogeneous computing capabilities of devices. Furthermore, We provide a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based scheduler to select optimal encoder-decoder model for various devices adaptivelly, considering the dynamic network environments and device computing capabilities. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that ISCom outperforms baselines on mobile devices, achieving a minimum rendering frame rate improvement of 10 FPS and up to 22 FPS. Furthermore, our method significantly reduces memory usage by 41.7% compared to the state-of-the-art AITransfer method. These results highlight the effectiveness of ISCom in enabling lightweight PCV streaming and its potential to improve immersive experiences for emerging metaverse application.
Evaluation of Downward Shortwave Radiation Products Over the Loess Plateau

Downward shortwave radiation (DSR) is a key component of the surface energy budget, influencing atmospheric circulation and climate change. DSR products derived from remote sensing observations or generated from reanalysis systems are commonly used as inputs for ecohydrological and climate models. The Loess Plateau is severely affected by soil erosion and has experienced frequent extreme weather events in recent years. Therefore, an accurate DSR product is crucial for accurately simulating climate change and surface-atmosphere processes on the Loess Plateau. In this study, newly released satellite DSR products CLouds, Albedo and Radiation Edition 3 data (CLARA-A3) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land surface Downward Shortwave Radiation Version 6.1 data (MCD18A1 V6.1), along with the reanalysis product Land component of the Fifth Generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA5-Land), were evaluated over the Loess Plateau and its surrounding areas. Intraday, daily, monthly, and seasonal DSR were evaluated against ground measurements which were collected from five observation networks. CLARA-A3 outperformed MCD18A1 and ERA5-Land on both monthly and daily scales. The root-mean-square error for monthly (daily) DSR from CLARA-A3, ERA5-Land, and MCD18A1 were 19.31 (31.3) W/m2, 25.36 (39.74) W/m2, and 25.03 (46.14) W/m2, respectively. The study explored potential factors contributing to significant errors in DSR products. Results indicated that snow cover was one possible factor influencing the error in MCD18A1, and CLARA-A3 exhibited greater sensitivity to terrain influence compared to ERA5-Land and MCD18A1. The findings can be the reference for selecting DSR products over the Loess Plateau.
High-repetition-rate relativistic electron acceleration in plasma wakefields driven by few-cycle laser pulses

Le progres continu de la technologie laser a recemment permis l’avancement spectaculaire d’accelerateurs de particules par onde de sillage. Cette technique permet la generation de champs electriques tres forts, pouvant depasser de trois ordres de grandeurs ceux presents dans les accelerateurs conventionnels. L’acceleration resultante a lieu sur une distance tres courte, par consequent les effets de la charge d’espace et de la dispersion de vitesse sont considerablement reduits. Les paquets de particules ainsi generes peuvent alors atteindre des durees de l’ordre de la femtoseconde, qui en fait un outil prometteur pour la realisation d’experiences de diffraction ultra-rapide avec une resolution inegalee de l’ordre de quelques femtosecondes. La generation de tels paquets d’electrons avec des lasers de 1 J et d’une duree de 30 fs est a present bien etablie. Ces parametres permettent de produire des faisceaux d’electrons de quelques centaines de MeV, et sont donc inadaptes aux experiences de diffraction. De plus, le taux de repetition de ces lasers de haute puissance est limite a quelques Hz, ce qui est insuffisant pour des experiences exigeant une bonne statistique de mesure. Notre groupe a utilise un laser de pointe developpe au laboratoire par le groupe PCO generant des impulsions de quelques millijoules, d’une duree de 3.4 fs - a peine 1.3 cycle optique - a une cadence de 1 kHz, pour accelerer des electrons par onde de sillage. Ce travail de these presente d’une part la premiere demonstration d’un accelerateur des particules relativistes opere dans le regime de la bulle a haute cadence. L’utilisation de buses microscopiques a permis l’obtention de charges de dizaines de pC par tir. De plus, cette these vise a l’elargissement de notre comprehension des lois d’echelle d’acceleration laser-plasma. Nous esperons que notre travail visant a la fiabilisation et l’optimisation de cette source permettra a terme de proposer un instrument accessible et fiable a la communaute scientifique, que ce soit pour la diffraction d’electrons, l’irradiation ultra-breve d’echantillons ou la generation de rayons X.
VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF THE GOME-2 LEVEL-1 CLOUD PRODUCT

GOME-2 on MetOp will continue and improve the GOME data record, which started in 1995 for global monitoring of UV-visible trace gases, like ozone, NO2, and BrO. One of the main problems in the detection of trace gases is the presence of clouds. Clouds affect trace gas retrievals in various ways: they shield the tropospheric trace gas column, but also cause increased path lengths for absorption. Detection of clouds and correction for their effects is therefore necessary to reduce errors in trace gas retrievals. For GOME-2 the oxygen A-band around 760 nm can be used for the detection of clouds. The cloud algorithm used in the GOME-2 level-1 processor is FRESCO (Fast retrieval scheme for clouds in the O2 A-band). FRESCO uses three 1-nm wide windows in and around the O2 A-band, and assumes the cloud to be a Lambertian reflector. The cloud parameters retrieved by FRESCO are the effective cloud fraction and the cloud pressure. FRESCO is used extensively for GOME on ERS-2 and SCIAMACHY on Envisat for many years already, and has been validated for these instruments (see http://www.temis.nl). We will analyse the FRESCO cloud parameters from GOME-2 in the following ways: 1. Verify the internal consistency of the GOME-2 cloud parameters, using our experience with the FRESCO algorithm. 2. Verify the quality of the GOME-2 cloud parameters, on the basis of comparison with statistics from the GOME and SCIAMACHY FRESCO cloud products, and other cloud climatologies. 3. Validate the GOME-2 cloud parameters by intercomparison with other colocated satellite cloud parameters, from imagers like SEVIRI on MSG and AVHRR on MetOp. 4. Validate the GOME-2 cloud parameters by comparison with groundbased measurements of clouds in Cabauw (NL), where lidar and radar instruments are operated continuously.
Metabolomic Profiling of the Secretome from Human Neural Stem Cells Flown into Space

The change in gravitational force has a significant effect on biological tissues and the entire organism. As with any alteration in the environment, microgravity (µG) produces modifications in the system inducing adaptation to the new condition. In this study, we analyzed the effect of µG on neural stem cells (NSCs) following a space flight to the International Space Station (ISS). After 3 days in space, analysis of the metabolome in culture medium revealed increased glycolysis with augmented pyruvate and glycerate levels, and activated catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and glutamine. NSCs flown into space (SPC-NSCs) also showed increased synthesis of NADH and formation of polyamine spermidine when compared to ground controls (GC-NSCs). Overall, the space environment appears to increase energy demands in response to the µG setting.
Floristic Similarities between the Lichen Flora of Both Sides of the Drake Passage: A Biogeographical Approach

This paper analyses the lichen flora of Navarino Island (Tierra del Fuego, Cape Horn Region, Chile), identifying species shared with the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic Peninsula). In this common flora, species are grouped by their biogeographic origin (Antarctic–subantarctic endemic, austral, bipolar, and cosmopolitan), their habitat on Navarino Island (coastal, forest, and alpine), their morphotype (crustaceous, foliaceous, fruticulose, and cladonioid), and the substrate from which they were collected (epiphytic, terricolous and humicolous, and saxicolous). A total of 124 species have been recognised as common on both sides of the Drake Passage, predominantly bipolar, crustaceous, and saxicolous species, and with an alpine distribution on Navarino Island. The most interesting fact is that more than 30% of the flora is shared between the southern tip of South America and the western Antarctic Peninsula, which is an indication of the existence of a meridian flow of propagules capable of crossing the Antarctic polar front.
The Development and Validation of The Indonesian Insulin Adherence Influence Factor Questionnaire (IIAIFQ)

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a metabolic disease due to abnormalities in insulin secretion. Insulin is one of DMT2 therapy. Objective: This study aimed to validate a modified the insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire based on the health belief model (HBM) among Indonesian patients with DMT2. Methods: The Indonesian insulin adherence influence factor questionnaire (IIAIFQ) was developed based on modified some literature reviews and internal expert discussions. The study included 30 participants aged ≥ 17 y.o years old who had been taking insulin in the previous two months. The questionnaire consists of seven dimensions to measure HBM : perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, cues to action and insulin adherence. Results: The construct validity test showed that of the 34 question items in the questionnaire, 10 items were invalid, 24 others were demonstrated valid based on the Pearson Correlation (>r table 0.361; p<0.05; loading factor > 0.5). Furthermore, 24 valid items were tested for reliability at a significance level of 0.05, and the results showed that each size had a Cronbach's Alpa > 0.6 with an overall score was 0.858, indicating that all domains in the questionnaire were reliable. Conclusion: IIAIFQ based The HBM theory is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing insulin adherence in diabetes mellitus patients.
INFORMATION EXCHANGES OF SOCIAL MEDIA EVANGELISTS DURING FLOOD: A SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS

Information dissemination during disaster is very crucial, but inherits several complexities associated with the dynamic characteristics of the disaster. Social media evangelists (activists) play an important role in disseminating critical updates at on-site locations. However, there is limited understanding on the network structure formed and its evolution and the types of information shared. To address these questions, this study employs Social Network Analysis technique on a dataset containing 157 social media posts from an influential civilian fan page during Malaysia’s flood. The finding demonstrates three different network structures emerged during the flood period. The network structure evolves depending on the current state of the flood, the amount of information available and the need of information. Through content analysis, there were seven types of information exchanges discovered. These information exchanges evolved as the scale and magnitude of flood changes. In conclusion, this study shows the emergence of different network structures, density and identification of influential information brokers among civilians that use social media during disaster. Despite the low number of influential information brokers, they successfully manage their specific cluster in conveying information about the disaster and most importantly coordinating the rescue mission.
Are Ride-Hailing Services and Public Transport Complements or Substitutes?: Evidence from the Opening of Jakarta’s MRT System

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.
Assessing climate change vulnerability in fisheries and aquaculture

From relatively limited and narrow uses two decades ago, the concept of vulnerability has emerged as a key dimension of the development debate. Be it in relation to climate change, disasters, globalization and economic development, and social–ecological system changes more generally, vulnerability is a complex and multifaceted concept that has attracted the attention of scholars and development practitioners from all disciplines. The many interpretations of vulnerability and its many scales (e.g. individual, community, ecosystem, countries, continents) and fields of application have led to a wide array of propositions regarding ways and means by which vulnerability could be studied, characterized, understood, and acted upon. This multiplication of approaches and methodologies of assessment has enabled new insights into the causes and consequences of vulnerability, but has also caused some confusion among practitioners and led to the voicing of a need for clarification and guidance on how best to approach the study of vulnerability. This publication provides an overview of vulnerability assessment concepts and methodologies. It sheds light on the different vulnerability assessment methodologies that have been developed, and on how these are conditioned by the disciplinary traditions from which they have emerged. It also analyses how these methodologies have been applied in the context of fisheries and aquaculture, with illustrative examples of their application. A series of practical steps to assess vulnerability in the fisheries and aquaculture sector is proposed in order to support climate change specialists working with communities dependent on fisheries and aquaculture, as well as fisheries and aquaculture practitioners wishing to incorporate adaptation planning into the sector’s management and development. FAO. 2015. Assessing climate change vulnerability in fisheries and aquaculture: Available methodologies and their relevance for the sector, by Cecile Brugère and Cassandra De Young. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 597. Rome, Italy.
Utility optimization–based bandwidth allocation for elastic and inelastic services in peer–to–peer networks

Abstract This paper considers reasonable bandwidth allocation for multiclass services in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, measures the satisfaction of each peer as a customer by a utility function when acquiring one service, and develops an optimization model for bandwidth allocation with the objective of utility maximization. Elastic services with concave utilities are first considered and the exact expression of optimal bandwidth allocation for each peer is deduced. In order to obtain an optimum in distributed P2P networks, we develop a gradient-based bandwidth allocation scheme and illustrate the performance with numerical examples. Then we investigate bandwidth allocation for inelastic services with sigmoidal utilities, which is a nonconvex optimization problem. In order to solve it, we analyze provider capacity provisioning for bandwidth allocation of inelastic services and modify the update rule for prices that service customers should pay. Numerical examples are finally given to illustrate that the improved scheme can also efficiently converge to the global optimum.
Improved antimicrobial activities of Boswellia sacra essential oils nanoencapsulated into hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins

Natural antimicrobials have recently gained increasing interest over synthetic antimicrobials to overcome foodborne pathogens and food microbial contamination. Essential oils (EOs) obtained from Boswellia sacra resins (BO) were utilized for respiratory disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, malignant tumors, and viral infections. Like other EOs, the therapeutic potential of BO is hindered by its low solubility and bioavailability, poor stability, and high volatility. Several studies have shown excellent physicochemical properties and outstanding therapeutic capabilities of EOs encapsulated into various nanocarriers. This study extracted BO from B. sacra resins via hydrodistillation and encapsulated it into hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (HPβCD) using the freeze-drying method. The developed inclusion complexes of BO (BO-ICs) had high encapsulation efficiency (96.79 ± 1.17%) and a polydispersity index of 0.1045 ± 0.0006. BO-ICs showed presumably spherical vesicles (38.5 to 59.9 nm) forming multiple agglomerations (136.9 to 336.8 nm), as determined by UHR-TEM. Also, the formation and stability of BO-ICs were investigated using DSC, FTIR, FE-SEM, UHR-TEM, 1H NMR, and 2D HNMR (NOESY). BO-ICs showed greater thermal stability (362.7 °C). Moreover, compared to free BO, a remarkable enhancement in the antimicrobial activities of BO-ICs was shown against three different bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BO-ICs displayed significant antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC90 of 3.93 mg mL−1 and an MIC50 of 0.57 mg mL−1. Also, BO-ICs showed an increase in BO activity against Escherichia coli with an MIC95 of 3.97 mg mL−1, compared to free BO, which failed to show an MIC95. Additionally, BO-ICs showed a more significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC95 of 3.92 mg mL−1. BO encapsulation showed significantly improved antimicrobial activities owing to the better stability, bioavailability, and penetration ability imparted by encapsulation into HPβCD.
The mechanisms of nature-based therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction: examining mindfulness in a two-wave mediation model

Background Nature-based therapy (NBT), which centers around engaging in activities within natural surroundings, has consistently demonstrated therapeutic benefits for mental health. While NBT highlights the potential of nature as a therapeutic resource for promoting mental health, there is limited knowledge regarding its underlying mechanisms. Methods Two hundred seventy-six Korean participants (204 women, mean age = 54.99 ± 23.25 years) participated in a 30-session gardening program held twice weekly for 15 weeks. Structural equation modeling with a two-wave autoregressive cross-lagged model was used to investigate the mediating effects of mindfulness. Results NBT significantly improved the mean scores of all psychological variables. The mediation model was partially confirmed, with mindfulness at post-intervention (T2) mediating the relationship between baseline (T1) depression and anxiety and post-intervention (T2) life satisfaction. However, no significant indirect effect was observed between the path from stress (T1) to life satisfaction (T2). Conclusion Mindfulness is a crucial component for improving mental health outcomes. This study underscores the need to prioritize and emphasize mindfulness practices in NBT.