Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a Theory of Political Recruitment

developing in recent studies of political recruitment. In those studies, recruitment has been conceptualized &dquo;as a process by which individuals possessing certain personality traits and occupying specified social positions . are screened by political institutions for elective office. &dquo; 1 The logic behind this conceptualization seems to be as follows: (a) certain personality traits (plus the individual’s expectations’2 or predispositions3 about politics) constitute the motivation to seek offices (b) specified social backgrounds and positions tend to be regularly associated with such motivation5 (e.g., high SES-types tends to feel more efhcacious in politics and [therefore? ] to aspire more frequently to political positions than do persons scoring low on SES dimensions&dquo;) ; (c) social positions also constitute resources useful to the individual in seeking offices (e.g., visibility, prestige) ; (d) the preferences of the screening institutions (e.g., political party recruiters) partially define the recruitment situation, making certain motives and resources more important than others8 (which should help to explain the differences between successful and unsuccessful aspirants) . This developing model has been neither widely nor uniformly tested. While the social backgrounds of successful candidates have been rather extensively investigated (at least in conventional, easily observable SES terms), unsuccessful candidates have been less well studied and very little systematic empirical inquiry has
The Role of Information for Retirement Behavior: Evidence Based on the Stepwise Introduction of the Social Security Statement

In 1995, the Social Security Administration started sending out the annual Social Security Statement. It contains information about the worker’s estimated benefits at the ages 62, 65, and 70. I use this unique natural experiment to analyze the retirement and claiming decision-making. First, I find that, despite the previous availability of information, the Statement has a significant impact on workers’ knowledge about their benefits. These findings are consistent with a model where workers need to gather costly information in order to improve their retirement decision. Second, I use this exogenous variation in knowledge to analyze the optimality of workers’ decisions. Several findings suggest that workers do not change their retirement behavior: i) Workers do not change their expected age of retirement after receiving the Statement; ii) monthly claiming patterns do not show any change after the introduction of the Social Security Statement; iii) workers do not become more sensitive to Social Security incentives after receiving the Statement. Either, workers are already behaving optimally, or the information contained in the Statement is not sufficient to improve their retirement behavior.
2010 Update of the international ASAS recommendations for the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

This paper presents the second update of the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) consensus statement on the use of anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). A major change from the previous recommendations is that patients fulfilling the ASAS axial SpA criteria, which also include patients fulfilling the modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis, can be treated with anti-TNF agents. This makes an earlier start in the disease process possible. A second major change is the mandatory pretreatment before anti-TNF agents can be started. All patients should have tried a minimum of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a minimum of 4 weeks in total. This is significantly shorter than the previous requirement of 3 months. As previously, patients with axial symptoms require no further pretreatment. Patients with symptomatic peripheral symptoms should normally have had an adequate therapeutic trial of a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, preferably sulfasalazine. Sulfasalazine is no longer mandatory in this group of patients. Finally, efficacy should be evaluated after at least 12 weeks. The remaining recommendations stayed largely unchanged.
The HILDA Survey: a case study in the design and development of a successful household panel study

The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey is one of only a small number of well established, large nationally representative household panel studies conducted in the world. With annual data collection commencing in 2001 there are now over 10 years of unit record data available to researchers, with the promise of many more to come. While the design of the HILDA Survey owes much to other older household panel studies conducted elsewhere, it has a number of features which make it relatively unique. This paper provides a brief history of the HILDA Survey’s progress to date, focusing first on its design, content and data collection processes, before reviewing its achievements with respect to survey response and usage.
Relationships Among Experiential Marketing, Experiential Value, and Customer Satisfaction

Although experience is recognized as a major benefit the hospitality and tourism industry offers, the use of experiential marketing in this industry is not well documented. Therefore, this study aims to examine experiential marketing in regard to hospitality and tourism operations. Ten hypotheses were developed to examine relationships among experiential marketing, experiential value, and customer satisfaction. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed at four Starbucks in different districts in Taipei, Taiwan, in January 2003. Results of the linear structural relation analyses (LISREL 8.5) indicate that both the measurement and structural equation models have good overall model fit. Moreover, the overall outcome suggests that experiential marketing should induce customer satisfaction through emotional and functional values provided by feel perception, think perception, and service quality. Hospitality managers can use the outcome of this study to gain in-depth understanding of customer experiences, develop effective marketing strategies, and further stage the operational environment that can maximize customers' perceived experiential value.
Interpretation and Sustainable Tourism: The Potential and the Pitfalls

Abstract From the outset, proponents of sustainable tourism have, consciously or not, set great store by interpretation, and gradually the linkages between sustainable tourism and interpretation have begun to be developed. This discussion examines the potential benefits of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism and assesses a number of the pitfalls or difficulties which are involved. The potential benefits include improved visitor management, local economic and environmental gains and fuller community involvement. Among the several pitfalls of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism which are considered are the dangers of over-interpretation, intrusion, creating ‘quaint’ tourist landscapes, and those of elitism.
Mainstream First-Grade Teachers' Understanding of Strategies for Accommodating the Needs of English Language Learners.

In this time of high stakes testing, teachers' work with English Language Learners (ELLs) becomes itself a high-stakes teaching act. Nationally, mandated testing is increasing in the schools even as school demographics are changing. The growing numbers of language-minority students come with varying levels of English proficiency, from little or none to fluent ■■■■■■■■■■ bilingualism. Teachers find it difficult to bring all Clare E. Hite is an their native-English-speaking children along to an associate professor with acceptable level of performance in literacy and the Department of content-area subjects; ELLs present an even greater Education at Dalton challenge, particularly for the elementary main State College, Dalton, stream classroom teachers who are the primary lan Georgia, and Linda S. guage teachers for most young ELLs, yet typically Evans is an assistant have little training in ESOL (English for Speakers of professor in the College Other Languages) methods. A National Center for of Education at the Education Statistics survey found that only 29.5% University of South of teachers of ELLs (including those teaching ESOL Florida, Tampa, orbilingualclasses)haveanyrelatedtraining(NCES, Florida. 1997). It is important to note that "training" in this
Minimum alveolar concentration: ongoing relevance and clinical utility

Since its introduction in 1965, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) has served as the standard measure of potency for volatile anaesthetic agents. It is defined as the minimum alveolar concentration of inhaled anaesthetic at which 50% of people do not move in response to a noxious stimulus. Within the last 20 years, it has been discovered that volatile anaesthetics inhibit mobility largely through action on the spinal cord, whereas the amnesic and hypnotic effects are mediated by the brain. Studies suggest that the concentration of volatile anaesthetic needed to prevent explicit memory from developing, and to produce unconsciousness, is usually substantially lower than the concentration required to prevent movement in response to surgery. This review highlights the contributions and limitations of MAC and its derivatives as metrics of anaesthetic potency with respect to particular behavioural outcomes. Recent evidence is presented suggesting that a protocol that alerts anaesthetists whenever MAC falls to < 0.5 or 0.7 has the potential to decrease intra‐operative awareness with explicit recall, possibly to a similar extent as does a protocol based on processed electroencephalography‐driven alerting.
Farmer First Revisited: Innovation for Agricultural Research and Development

This is the third in a series of key texts – the first being Farmer First, edited by Robert Chambers and published in 1989, which was followed by Beyond Farmer First in 1994. Identifying an overall thesis is tricky, but this book presents a clear picture of successes and failures in farmer-first agricultural research and development, along with many case studies and ideas for the future. Farmer First focused on improving research by starting at the farm, while Beyond Farmer First considered issues of knowledge and power. Farmer First Revisited expands on these themes and also considers the politics of demand, networked innovation systems, and education, among other subjects. Part One sets the scene by looking back at the last twenty years and introducing the ideas that will be dealt with in the rest of the book. It highlights some interesting points. Contributors agree that farmer participation is often merely bolted on to the old methods. Another issue raised is that of looking at wider networks; ‘Beyond the farm gate’. This author also recognises that many changes have resulted from phone, text, video, and television communication techniques. In his chapter, Andy Hall states that the approach for the future needs to be a ‘shift from technology delivery to capacity strengthening’, meaning that the ability to respond to changing situations will assist a country in coping with shock. The chapters in Part Two consider some examples of how farmer-first approaches have been applied; looking in particular at ‘Systems of innovation’. These contributions cover past experiences, current situations, and ideas for the future. One issue discussed relates to the fact that the majority of farmers get their seeds from local informal systems, whereas the research mostly feeds into commercial systems. This contributor predicts a future marrying of these two approaches through increasing technological communication. C. Prasad discusses ‘learning alliances’ with reference to SRI (the System of Rice Intensification) in India. He raises the idea of activists and academics working together without diluting their respective ideals. This
Effects of Oral Sensory Afferents on Mastication in the Miniature Pig

The performance of mastication is presumed to be influenced by afferent stimulation, but little information is available from awake, intact animals. Thirteen experiments were carried out with four miniature pigs. Electromyographic signals from the jaw muscles were recorded simultaneously with jaw movements during natural chewing of foods of differing hardnesses. Harder foods were found to be associated with higher activity levels of jaw-closing muscles and greater lateral deviation, but reduced jaw opening. The sensory supply from one side of the oral cavity was then removed by injected local anesthetic, and the recordings repeated. In addition to decreased activity levels, the jaw-closing muscles showed reduced ability to adjust to different foods. The frequency of mastication fell slightly, and the animals preferred to chew on the uninjected side. Lateral deviation was reduced, but at the same time the jaw-opening muscles usually became more active, and accordingly the jaw opened more widely. These findings provide new information on the role of oral sensory afferents in regulating natural chewing patterns. The decreased activities of the jaw-closing muscles are consistent with, although they do not demonstrate, the existence of a positive feedback from periodontal afferents.
Human Breathing Rate Estimation from Radar Returns Using Harmonically Related Filters

Radar-based noncontact sensing of life sign signals is often used in safety and rescue missions during disasters such as earthquakes and avalanches and for home care applications. The radar returns obtained from a human target contain the breathing frequency along with its strong higher harmonics depending on the target’s posture. As a consequence, well understood, computationally efficient, and the most popular traditional FFT-based estimators that rely only on the strongest peak for estimates of breathing rates may be inaccurate. The paper proposes a solution for correcting the estimation errors of such single peak-based algorithms. The proposed method is based on using harmonically related comb filters over a set of all possible breathing frequencies. The method is tested on three subjects for different postures, for different distances between the radar and the subject, and for two different radar platforms: PN-UWB and phase modulated-CW (PM-CW) radars. Simplified algorithms more suitable for real-time implementation have also been proposed and compared using accuracy and computational complexity. The proposed breathing rate estimation algorithms provide a reduction of about 81% and 80% in the mean absolute error of breathing rates in comparison to the traditional FFT-based methods using strongest peak detection, for PN-UWB and PM-CW radars, respectively.
Lindahl Pricing, Nonrival Infrastructure, and Endogenous Growth

The paper constructs a model of endogenous growth where infrastructure is an accumulable stock generating a nonrival input service. A typical market economy cannot attain the socially optimum steady state path, since nonrivalry precludes competitive pricing of infrastructure. However, there exist agent specific prices for the infrastructural service, a price for the infrastructural stock, a rate of interest, and a subsidy for the representative household that can sustain the optimal path as a dynamic Lindahl equilibrium. The rates of return from physical and infrastructural capital equal the rate of interest. Investment programs are socially optimum. The government's budget is balanced.
Workplace Representatives: Strategic Actors of Union Renewal?

Workplace representatives (shop stewards) provide insight into union transformations. This article explores the renewed research interest in terms of the representativeness of unionism and of workplace representatives, the complexity of the sites of representation and employer strategies, the search for new references and the centrality of workplace representatives in union renewal strategies.
Terminal 3p deletions in two families—Correlation between molecular karyotype and phenotype

The 3p deletion syndrome is a rare disorder caused by deletions of different sizes in the 3p25‐pter region. It is characterized by growth retardation, developmental delay, mental retardation, dysmorphism, microcephaly, and ptosis. The phenotype of individuals with deletions varies from normal to severe. Most cases occur de novo, but a few familial cases have been reported. We describe two families with terminal 3p deletions and extremely variable clinical features. In family A, the mother and daughter were extremely mildly affected whereas the son had more severe clinical features. In family B, the mother was normal and her son was affected, having some symptoms that had not been described in the 3p deletion syndrome before. The deletions were characterized by genome‐wide SNP array analysis and were 9 and 1.1 Mb in size. Sequencing analysis of the CHL1, CNTN4, and CRBN genes did not reveal any masked recessive alleles that might explain the more severe phenotypes in the probands. In family A, the 9 Mb deletion can be considered causal for the 3p deletion syndrome in the proband, but the extremely mild phenotype in the other family members remains unexplained. In family B, the 1.1 Mb terminal deletion encompasses only the CHL1 gene, which is insufficient to cause 3p deletion symptoms; thus the clinical features observed in this family may have a different cause. The variable penetrance of 3p deletions creates challenges in genetic counseling, as the phenotype of the offspring cannot be predicted based on chromosomal and/or genome‐wide array analytical findings. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gifted Indigenous Programs: Unmasking Potential in Minority Cultures

Throughout Australia and North America gifted indigenous/minority students are under-represented in gifted programs. There is a paucity of research in this area, particularly in Australia. What research has been conducted confirms that globally, attitudes towards the identification of Indigenous and minority students need to be further challenged. Overall a more concerted effort is required by all educational systems in having practitioners understand the needs of the gifted and the identification and significant features of culturally inclusive provision. A Churchill Fellowship study, undertaken by the author of this paper, has revealed that a transformative agenda for meeting the needs of the gifted indigenous student is required. Some successful practice both in America and Australia provide a foundation for this transformative agenda. The Moorditji Kulungar (‘bright children’) program in Western Australia, which is outlined in this paper, is a start.
The Influence of Gender on the Relationship Between Wildlife Value Orientations, Beliefs, and the Acceptability of Lethal Deer Control in Cuyahoga Valley National Park

This study examines how wildlife value orientations, attitudes, and gender influence acceptance of lethal actions to control deer in Cuyahoga Valley National Park in Ohio. Data were collected from female and male residents (n=659) in a nine-county area, the primary service area of the park. Females and males demonstrated significant differences in their wildlife value orientations, attitudes toward lethal deer control, beliefs about the outcome of lethal deer control, and perceived personal impacts of lethal deer control. Gender also acted as a moderator of the relationship between values, beliefs and attitudes. Results indicate that a focus on understanding differences between males and females is essential to public participation in decision making concerning this and similar issues.
Manufacturing strategy: a pictorial representation

This article describes an updateable picture of manufacturing strategy content, called a “strategy chart”. It is based on established manufacturing and business strategy theory and is designed for use by managers in a wider strategy development process. Three cases are used to examine and improve methods for constructing a strategy chart; to explore the biases inherent in this representation of strategy; and to assess its utility. Preliminary conclusions are that charts present manufacturing strategy content more holistically than normally achieved and can make “strategy” a more understandable and communicable concept for manufacturing managers and workforce. The approach also provides useful insight into the development of a firm’s manufacturing strategy over time, providing the potential for managers to examine their strategy process and to learn from the past.
EncephalomyelitisExperimental Autoimmune Tolerogenic Vaccine That Inhibits Protein Constitutes an Antigen-Specific Encephalitogenic Peptide of Myelin Basic A Fusion Protein Consisting of IL-16 and the

To test a novel concept for the generation of tolerogenic vaccines, fusion proteins were constructed encompassing a tolerogenic or biasing cytokine and the major encephalitogenic peptide of guinea pig myelin basic protein (GPMBP; i.e., neuroantigen or NAg). The cytokine domain was predicted to condition APC while simultaneously targeting the covalently linked encephalitogenic peptide to the MHC class II Ag processing pathway of those conditioned APC. Rats were given three s.c. injections of cytokine-NAg in saline 1–2 wk apart and then at least 1 wk later were challenged with NAg in CFA. The rank order of tolerogenic activity in the Lewis rat model of EAE was NAgIL16 > IL2NAg > IL1RA-NAg, IL13NAg > IL10NAg, GPMBP, GP69–88, and saline. NAgIL16 was also an effective inhibitor of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis when administered after an encephalitogenic challenge during the onset of clinical signs. Covalent linkage of the NAg and IL-16 was required for inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These data identify IL-16 as an optimal cytokine partner for the generation of tolerogenic vaccines and indicate that such vaccines may serve as Ag-speciﬁc tolerogens for the treatment of autoimmune disease. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 179: 1458–1465.
The Payment of Hospital Services: a Waiting Lists Model

Abstract This paper analyses the incentive properties of prospective payment systems for hospital contracts, a key feature in many health systems’ reforms. Building on current literature, the model explicitly allows for the existence of waiting time, modelled as adversely affecting patients’ utility and therefore reducing social welfare. The model shows that rewarding hospitals for their demand leads to the first best solution, identified with respect to the relevant quality and quantity variables. The additional separate payment of a price per case is instead required when the social cost of waiting is introduced alongside the private costs.
The influence of macroeconomic factors on personal income distribution in developing countries: a parametric modelling approach

This article examines the influence of macroeconomic factors on personal income distribution in developing countries using a parametric modelling approach. The technique is based on the selection and estimation of a theoretical parametric model (a Dagum distribution) which fits accurately to the empirical income distributions of the countries examined. The parameters of the model specifically related to inequality are subsequently used as dependent variables in econometric models in order to examine the impact that certain macroeconomic variables (GDP growth, inflation, employment and real interest rates) have on inequality. The results reveal that GDP growth, employment rate and real interest rate are the macroeconomic factors with greater impact in shaping personal income distribution in developing countries.