Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Reactivity Evaluated by Transcranial Doppler: Reproducibility of Different Methods

Transcranial Doppler is routinely used to assess the cerebrovascular reactivity, despite scarce information on its reproducibility. We evaluated the reproducibility of cerebrovascular reactivity measurements by this method utilizing different vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor stimuli. The cerebrovascular reactivity was measured in 45 healthy volunteers during hypercapnia induced by inhalation of a mixture of 5% CO2 and 95% O2, breath holding and rebreathing, and during hypocapnia induced by voluntary hyperventilation. Three sets of measurements were performed at times 0, 1, and 24 h to assess the within-observer short- and long-term reproducibility. The reproducibility was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. For the CO2 inhalation method, a good short-term (rI = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.39–0.68) and a good long-term (rI = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.25–0.59) reproducibility was found. For the breath-holding method a good short-term agreement was found (rI = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.22–0.57), while the long-term reproducibility was poor (rI = 0.17; 95% CI = –0.03–0.36). Rebreathing showed a fair (rI = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11–0.48) short-term and a poor (rI = 0.17; 95% CI = –0.03–0.36) long-term reproducibility. For voluntary hyperventilation, the short-term reproducibility was good (rI = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.36–0.66), and the long- term reproducibility was fair (rI = 0.31; 95% CI = 0.11–0.48). In our study, CO2 inhalation and voluntary hyperventilation had the highest reproducibility and should be preferred when assessing cerebral vasoreactivity, especially in follow-up studies.
Protein kinase C immunoreactivity in the pigmented and albino rat retina

The albino retina is abnormal. The central region is under‐developed and some cell populations are reduced or increased in number. Not least of these anomalies is the deficit in the rod population in hypopigmented rodents and carnivores. Given this abnormality we have examined the distribution of rod bipolar cells in albino rats to determine whether this subsequent stage in the rod pathway is similarly disrupted. A monoclonal antibody to protein kinase C was used to determine the distribution of rod bipolar cells in juvenile and adult pigmented and albino rats. Immunoreactive rod bipolar cells and their processes were counted in transverse sections passing through both the central and peripheral retina. The mean densities of immunoreactive cells were significantly reduced in albino retinas at both juvenile (postnatal day 15) and adult stages, in the former by 14% and the latter by 9%. This was evident across the entire central‐to‐peripheral extent of the retina. The reduced rod photoreceptor population found in albinos appears therefore to be consequential for the magnitude of their major target population, rod bipolar cells. The decrease in the rod bipolar population indicates a change in retinal cytoarchitecture and implies a disruption of functional organization of the albino retina, especially that underlying the scotopic channel. This, coupled with observations that some other retinal interneuronal populations may be disrupted, implies disordered retinal processing in albinos and emphasizes the likelihood that abnormal visual function in albinos may be as much a result of anomalous retinal circuitry as of the known photoreceptor deficit or chiasmatic misrouting.
Designing Programs for Eliminating Canine Rabies from Islands: Bali, Indonesia as a Case Study

Background Canine rabies is one of the most important and feared zoonotic diseases in the world. In some regions rabies elimination is being successfully coordinated, whereas in others rabies is endemic and continues to spread to uninfected areas. As epidemics emerge, both accepted and contentious control methods are used, as questions remain over the most effective strategy to eliminate rabies. The Indonesian island of Bali was rabies-free until 2008 when an epidemic in domestic dogs began, resulting in the deaths of over 100 people. Here we analyze data from the epidemic and compare the effectiveness of control methods at eliminating rabies. Methodology/Principal Findings Using data from Bali, we estimated the basic reproductive number, R 0, of rabies in dogs, to be ∼1·2, almost identical to that obtained in ten–fold less dense dog populations and suggesting rabies will not be effectively controlled by reducing dog density. We then developed a model to compare options for mass dog vaccination. Comprehensive high coverage was the single most important factor for achieving elimination, with omission of even small areas (<0.5% of the dog population) jeopardizing success. Parameterizing the model with data from the 2010 and 2011 vaccination campaigns, we show that a comprehensive high coverage campaign in 2012 would likely result in elimination, saving ∼550 human lives and ∼$15 million in prophylaxis costs over the next ten years. Conclusions/Significance The elimination of rabies from Bali will not be achieved through achievable reductions in dog density. To ensure elimination, concerted high coverage, repeated, mass dog vaccination campaigns are necessary and the cooperation of all regions of the island is critical. Momentum is building towards development of a strategy for the global elimination of canine rabies, and this study offers valuable new insights about the dynamics and control of this disease, with immediate practical relevance.
Working Time in Transition: The Political Economy of Working Hours in Industrial Nations

1. From Standardization to Flexibility Changes in the Political Economy of Working Time - Karl Hinrichs, William Roche, and Carmen Sirianni 2. Working Time Development in West Germany: Departure to a New Stage - Karl Hinrichs 3. Working Time Policies in France - Jean-Pierre Jallade 4. The Chimera of Changing Employee Time Preferences: Working Hours In British Industrial Relations since the Second World War - William Roche 5. Where Have All the Hours Gone? Working Time Reduction Policies in the Netherlands - Chris de Neubourg 6. The Reduction of Working Hours in Belgium: Stakes and Confrontations - Annik de Ronge and Michel Molitor 7. Trading Time for Consumption: The Failure of Working Hours Reduction in the United States - Susan Christopherson 8. The Working-Bee Syndrome in Japan: An Analysis of Working Time Practices - Christoph Deutschmann 9. On the Road to a Society of Free Choke: The Politics of Working Time in Sweden - Ulla Weigeit 10. The Self-Management of Time in Post-lndustrial Society - Carmen Sirianni About the Contributors
Testing Marx: Some new results from UK data

Analysing UK economic data over an extended historical timespan, from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries, the authors use ‘quantitative’ or ‘empirical’ Marxist techniques to test key Marxian theses and categories. They argue that Marxian economics has nothing to fear from a confrontation with empirical data.
Consensus methods using phylogenetic databases

With the increasing use and size of phytogenies, the output of reconstruction programs must be stored for future reference, in which case post-tree analyses such as consensus must be run from a database. We set out to determine whether such analyses can be run at a reasonable cost; we chose consensus (which summarizes the information from many trees into a single tree) because of its general applicability and because it creates a severe demand on the database by requiring examination of every edge of every tree. We preprocess the data (trees) to create tables that support consensus computations, using our own extensions to the PhyloDB schema of Nakhleh et al. For each of the three consensus methods (strict, majority, and greedy), we compare the database computation with the memory-resident computation using the Phylip consensus programs. We use a large selection of datasets of varying sizes (up to 1,000 trees of up to 1,500 taxa each) and of varying degrees of commonality. The computations from the database are very practical: they often run faster, and never run more than 5 times slower, than the computations in main memory using Phylip. The additional storage costs are easily handled by any database system, while the preprocessing costs remain reasonable. Thus suitable preprocessing of phylogenetic data allows post-tree analyses to be run directly from the database at much the same cost as current memory-resident analyses.
Gaussian Process Optimization with Mutual Information

In this paper, we analyze a generic algorithm scheme for sequential global optimization using Gaussian processes. The upper bounds we derive on the cumulative regret for this generic algorithm improve by an exponential factor the previously known bounds for algorithms like GP-UCB. We also introduce the novel Gaussian Process Mutual Information algorithm (GP-MI), which significantly improves further these upper bounds for the cumulative regret. We confirm the efficiency of this algorithm on synthetic and real tasks against the natural competitor, GP-UCB, and also the Expected Improvement heuristic.
Desistance from Sex Offending: Motivating Change, Enriching Practice

In this article we draw from desistance research and a strength-based rehabilitation theory, the Good Lives Model (GLM), to present a richer way of intervening with sex offenders. First, we define the concept of desistance and outline some of the major research findings concerning the factors that help offenders to cease offending. Second we briefly describe current best practice sex offender treatment and discuss its efficacy. Third, we explore the relationship between desistance research and the GLM, arguing that the GLM provides a useful conduit for desistance ideas into sex offender treatment programs. Fourth, we briefly consider the treatment implications of an integrated desistance-GLM approach.
Filament-based stimulated Raman spectroscopy

A new multiplexed stimulated Raman spectroscopic technique encompassing a single-shot spectral measurement range of over 3900 cm-1 is presented. Impulsive excitation of all Raman active vibrational modes present in a medium is achieved by self-compression of a laser pulse undergoing filamentation in air, creating coherent vibrational wave-packets. These wave-packets create a macroscopic polarization of the medium that imparts sidebands on a delayed narrowband probe pulse. The background-free measurement of impulsively excited Raman modes in gas-phase N2, O2, H2, CO2, toluene, ammonia, and chloroform with a spectral resolution of 25 cm-1 is presented.
An energy recovery approach for a charge redistribution successive approximation ADC

This paper presents a new method to recover energy in an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) based on the principle of adiabatic charging. The ADC comprises an Adiabatic Charging Charge Redistribution (ACCR) DAC, a dynamic comparator, and a Successive-Approximation-Register (SAR) counter. Charges in the ACCR DAC can be recovered through a resonant power supply and adiabatic switch. These charges can then be stored for reuse, thus, provide a design approach for highly energy efficient ADC. The adiabatic switch is designed with two operation modes - Fast Switching Mode and Adiabatic Mode. Therefore, the ACCR DAC can operate at its fastest possible sampling rate during Fast Switching Mode and achieve highest energy efficiency during Adiabatic Mode. A 10-bit ACCR DAC using 0. 18µm CMOS technology is simulated with SPICE. Simulation results show that the ACCR DAC achieves an energy efficiency of 30.42 fJ/conversion-step during Adiabatic Mode at a sampling rate of 100kS/s with 2V supply voltage. This is translated into an improvement of 69% as compared to the conventional switching method.
Neurodegenerative and Neuroprotective Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in Retinal Ischemia: Opposite Roles of TNF Receptor 1 and TNF Receptor 2

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an important factor in various acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. In retinal ischemia, we show early, transient upregulation of TNF, TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1), and TNF-R2 6 hr after reperfusion preceding neuronal cell loss. To assess the specific role of TNF and its receptors, we compared ischemia-reperfusion-induced retinal damage in mice deficient for TNF-R1, TNF-R2, or TNF by quantifying neuronal cell loss 8 d after the insult. Surprisingly, TNF deficiency did not affect overall cell loss, yet absence of TNF-R1 led to a strong reduction of neurodegeneration and lack of TNF-R2 led to an enhancement of neurodegeneration, indicative of TNF-independent and TNF-dependent processes in the retina, with TNF-R1 augmenting neuronal death and TNF-R2 promoting neuroprotection. Western blot analyses of retinas revealed that reduction of neuronal cell loss in TNF-R1/ animals correlated with the presence of activated Akt/protein kinase B (PKB). Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway reverted neuroprotection in TNF-R1-deficient mice, indicating an instrumental role of Akt/PKB in neuroprotection and TNF-R2 dependence of this pathway. Selective inhibition of TNF-R1 function may represent a new approach to reduce ischemia-induced neuronal damage, being potentially superior to strategies aimed at suppression of TNF activity in general.
Decentring Regulation: Understanding the Role of Regulation and Self-Regulation in a ‘Post-Regulatory’ World

This article addresses three basic analytical questions: what is 'decentring regulation', what is 'self regulation' and how does it fit in the decentring analysis, and what meaning is given to 'regulation' to allow it analytically to be 'decentred' - how do we know 'decentred regulation' when we see it? Decentring is a term which is often used to encompass a number of notions, and has both positive and normative dimensions. It is used to express the observation that governments do not, and proposition that they should not, have a monopoly on regulation and that regulation is occurring within and between other social actors: there is 'regulation in many rooms'. Decentring is also part of the globalisation debate on the one hand, and of the debate on the developments of mezzo-levels of government (regionalism, devolution, federalism) on the other. Decentring is also used in a positive sense to describe the consequence of a particular analysis of social systems, in which politics and administration are, like law or economics, are described as being self referentially closed sub-systems of society, incapable of observing other systems except through their own distorted lenses; decentring is thus the removal of government and administration from the conceptual centre of society. Finally, developing from these observations (and mixing metaphors), decentring can be used, positively and normatively, to express 'de-apexing': the removal of the state from the conceptual hierarchy of state-society, and the move to a heterarchical relationship in which the roles of governors and governed are both shifting and ill-defined. The themes of 'decentring' are reflected in a changed understanding of regulation. In that changed understanding, self regulation plays a particular role both in practical policy debates and in more conceptual discussions. The role ascribed to self regulation, however, differs quite fundamentally in those debates. For some self regulation is the solution to the limits of 'centred' regulation; for others it is the challenge that has to be addressed: regulation of self regulation is the new challenge. The prescription is for governments to regulate self regulation in a 'post regulatory' way. But what conception of 'regulation' is thereby entailed? The article deconstructs the notion of 'regulation' and attempts to build an understanding of 'regulation' that can withstand 'decentring'.
Selbstbeurteilung beruflicher Leistung

Zusammenfassung. Es wird ein Uberblick zum Forschungsstand und zu den offenen Fragen der Selbstbeurteilung beruflicher Leistung gegeben. Zunachst werden die vielfaltigen Funktionen der Selbstbeurteilung in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung vorgestellt. Dann wird auf der Grundlage von drei Metaanalysen auf Urteilstendenzen und psychometrische Gutekriterien der Selbstbeurteilung eingegangen. Die Validitat von Selbstbeurteilung, gemessen als Korrelation mit Vorgesetztenurteilen, wird von verschiedenen Moderatoren beeinflust, wobei sich die Erwartung einer Validierung als wichtigster Moderator erweist. Abschliesend werden als Erklarungen fur die erheblich variierende Validitat von Selbstbeurteilungen Selbstwertschutzbestrebungen, Impression Management sowie die Erzeugung von Verantwortlichkeit (accountability) der Beurteiler diskutiert.
A Study on Term Weighting for Text Categorization: A Novel Supervised Variant of tf.idf

Within text categorization and other data mining tasks, the use of suitable methods for term weighting can bring a substantial boost in effectiveness. Several term weighting methods have been presented throughout literature, based on assumptions commonly derived from observation of distribution of words in documents. For example, the idf assumption states that words appearing in many documents are usually not as important as less frequent ones. Contrarily to tf.idf and other weighting methods derived from information retrieval, schemes proposed more recently are supervised, i.e. based on knownledge of membership of training documents to categories. We propose here a supervised variant of the tf.idf scheme, based on computing the usual idf factor without considering documents of the category to be recognized, so that importance of terms frequently appearing only within it is not underestimated. A further proposed variant is additionally based on relevance frequency, considering occurrences of words within the category itself. In extensive experiments on two recurring text collections with several unsupervised and supervised weighting schemes, we show that the ones we propose generally perform better than or comparably to other ones in terms of accuracy, using two different learning methods.
Subdural Recording of Ictal DC Shifts in Neocortical Seizures in Humans

Summary: Purpose: Invasive ictal EEG recording is often necessary to delineate epileptogenic areas in patients with intractable partial epilepsy, but even intracranial ictal recordings often reveal ill‐defined onset zones in neocortical epilepsy. We studied the physiologic significance of ictal direct current (DC) potentials recorded intracranially in human epilepsy.
A Zone of Ambiguity: The Political Economy of Cigarette Bootlegging

This paper examines the development of cigarette bootlegging within the United Kingdom by way of a case study of an entrepreneurial criminal firm which sought to capitalize upon the cigarette price disparities within the European Union, through its professional supply of contraband goods to a highly receptive UK market. The paper contends that by way of the relaxation of trading barriers via European Union legislation, an enterprising criminal firm exploited the emergence of ambiguous zones of trading opportunities within the shifting terrain of the political economy produced by European integration.
Hybrid integration of microwave oscillators with Josephson series arrays for the use as voltage standards

We have designed and fabricated a new type of Josephson device to be hybrid integrated with microstripline oscillators. For optimum matching of the Josephson series array to the oscillator the samples make use of a new stripline design. The first circuits were fabricated in a simplified Nb/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//Nb technology and exhibit excellent dc characteristics and good microwave coupling to the junctions of the array. At 70 GHz constant voltage steps up to 350 mV could be observed. By hybrid integrating different samples with a new 10-GHz oscillator, constant voltage steps were created. For this experiment the Josephson current density had to be low enough to reduce the plasma frequency of the junctions to well below the driving frequency. <<ETX>>
Mantle cell lymphoma: from pathology and molecular pathogenesis to new therapeutic perspectives.

Thislymphoma is composed of a monomorphic prolifera-tion of small to medium sized lymphoid cells with ir reg-ular nuclei of mature B-cell phenotype commonly co-expressing CD5. The correlations between these specif-ic pathological characteristics and the genetic andmolecular alterations have been crucial in defining thislymphoma and recognizing its broad morphologicaland clinical manifestations, which in turn have lead to abetter understanding of the molecular mechanismsunderlying the development and progression of the dis-ease. The clinical behavior is very aggressive and fewpatients reach long survival with current therapeuticprotocols and even fewer may be considered cured. Thebetter knowledge of this disease, the development ofnew preclinical models, and the emergence of a newgeneration of drugs are facilitating the design of newtherapeutic strategies that may overcome the resistanceof this aggressive lymphoma to conventional treatmentsand may improve the life expectancy of the patients.
A hierarchical high-throughput and low power architecture for longest prefix matching for packet forwarding

Internet routing must employ a network processor with very fast routing mechanism to maintain required high throughputs. Each packet must be forwarded to its most suitable hop based on the information stored in the routing table. Therefore to select the best suited prefix (highest subnet mask) amongst all the matched ones, it is required for the IP networking to perform Longest Prefix Match. To meet the requirement of high-speed (multi-gigabits/sec) IP processing, a low-power high-throughput lookup architecture has been presented in this paper to reduce power consumption and to increase the efficiency of finding the destination address at a faster rate. This architecture avoids the necessity of arranging prefixes according to their prefix lengths as in existing ternary CAM solutions and also provides simple and fast updates. Additionally, the proposed architecture reduces the TCAM area requirements by involving both BiCAM and TCAM for storing prefixes and therefore saves power. It further saves power through smart search operations by decomposing entire table into sub tables, where only one sub table is active at a time.
Mobility Management as a Service for 5G Networks

Mobility Management (MM) techniques have conventionally been centralized in nature, wherein a single network entity has been responsible for handling the mobility related tasks of the mobile nodes attached to the network. However, an exponential growth in network traffic and the number of users has ushered in the concept of providing Mobility Management as a Service (MMaaS) to the wireless nodes attached to the 5G networks. Allowing for on-demand mobility management solutions will not only provide the network with the flexibility that it needs to accommodate the many different use cases that are to be served by future networks, but it will also provide the network with the scalability that is needed alongside the flexibility to serve future networks. And hence, in this paper, a detailed study of MMaaS has been provided, highlighting its benefits and challenges for 5G networks. Additionally, the very important property of granularity of service which is deeply intertwined with the scalability and flexibility requirements of the future wireless networks, and a consequence of MMaaS, has also been discussed in detail.