Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POST‐INJURY MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE: THE ROLE OF THE GUT

ABSTRACT— Despite intensive investigation, the pathogenesis of post‐injury multiple organ failure (MOF) remains elusive. Laboratory and clinical research strongly suggests that the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., the gut) plays a pivotal pathogenic role. Since its inception in 1988, the Trauma Research Center (TRC) at the University of Texas‐Houston Medical School (UTHMS) has focused its efforts on elucidating the role of the gut in post‐injury MOF. On the basis of our observations and those of others, we believe that 1) shock with resulting gut hypoperfusion is an important inciting event, 2) the reperfused gut is a source of proinflammatory mediators that can amplify the early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and thus contribute to early MOF, 3) early gut hypoperfusion causes an ileus in both the stomach and small bowel that sets the stage for progressive gut dysfunction so that the proximal gut becomes a reservoir for pathogens and toxins that contribute to late sepsis‐associated MOF, and 4) late infections cause further worsening of this gut dysfunction. Thus, the gut can be both an instigator and a victim of MOF. The purpose of this article is to provide the rationale behind these beliefs and to provide a brief overview of the ongoing research projects in the TRC at UTHMS.
A Posteriori Error and Optimal Reduced Basis for Stochastic Processes Defined by a Finite Set of Realizations

The use of reduced basis has spread to many scientific fields for the past 50 years to condense the statistical properties of stochastic processes. Among these bases, the classical Karhunen--Loeve basis corresponds to the Hilbertian basis that is constructed as the eigenfunctions of the covariance operator of the stochastic process of interest. The importance of this basis stems from its optimality in the sense that it minimizes the total mean square error. When the available information about this stochastic process is characterized by a limited set of independent realizations, the covariance operator is not perfectly known. In this case, there is no reason for the Karhunen--Loeve basis associated with any estimator of the covariance that is not converged to still be optimal. This paper therefore presents an adaptation of the Karhunen--Loeve expansion in order to characterize optimal basis for projection of stochastic processes that are characterized only by a relatively small set of independent realizat.
Analysis of phenotype–genotype connection: the story of dissecting disease pathogenesis in genomic era in China, and beyond

DNA is the ultimate depository of biological complexity. Thus, in order to understand life and gain insights into disease pathogenesis, genetic information embedded in the sequence of DNA base pairs comprising chromosomes should be deciphered. The stories of investigating the association between phenotype and genotype in China and other countries further demonstrate that genomics can serve as a probe for disease biology. We now know that in Mendelian disorders, one gene is not only a dictator of one phenotype but also a dictator of two or more distinct disorders. Dissecting genetic abnormalities of complex diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, mental diseases, coronary heart disease and cancer, may unravel the complicated networks and crosstalks, and help to simplify the complexity of the disease. The transcriptome and proteomic analysis for medicine not only deepen our understanding of disease pathogenesis, but also provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Taken together, genomic research offers a new opportunity for determining how diseases occur, by taking advantage of experiments of nature and a growing array of sophisticated research tools to identify the molecular abnormalities underlying disease processes. We should be ready for the advent of genomic medicine, and put the genome into the doctors' bag, so that we can help patients to conquer diseases.
Disturbed Diurnal Rhythm Alters Gene Expression and Exacerbates Cardiovascular Disease With Rescue by Resynchronization

Day/night rhythms are recognized as important to normal cardiovascular physiology and timing of adverse cardiovascular events; however, their significance in disease has not been determined. We demonstrate that day/night rhythms play a critical role in compensatory remodeling of cardiovascular tissue, and disruption exacerbates disease pathophysiology. We use a murine model of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy (transverse aortic constriction) in a rhythm-disruptive 20-hour versus 24-hour environment. Echocardiography reveals increased left ventricular end-systolic and -diastolic dimensions and reduced contractility in rhythm-disturbed transverse aortic constriction animals. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit reduced hypertrophy, despite increased pressure load. Microarray and real-time PCR demonstrate altered gene cycling in transverse aortic constriction myocardium and hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. With rhythm disturbance, there is a consequent altered cellular clock mechanism (per2 and bmal), whereas key genes in hypertrophic pathways (ANF, BNP, ACE, and collagen) are downregulated paradoxical to the increased pressure. Phenotypic rescue, including reversal/attenuation of abnormal pathology and genes, only occurs when the external rhythm is allowed to correspond with the animals’ innate 24-hour internal rhythm. Our study establishes the importance of diurnal rhythm as a vital determinant in heart disease. Disrupted rhythms contribute to progression of organ dysfunction; restoration of normal diurnal schedules appears to be important for effective treatment of disease.
The Effect of Teacher Attitudes to Individual Students on the Written Feedback Given

Providing written feedback to students is one of EFL writing teachers' most important tasks. As teachers, we know experientially that our students grapple not only with a writtencode but also with a linguistic code that is still being acquired,thus they place value on teacher written feedback; also we hope that our students could benefit from our feedback in their
Intencionalidad y memoria: el mantenimiento y protección de las intenciones pospuestas ante la aparición de obstáculos a la acción Intentionality and memory: The maintenance and protection of postponed intentions to deal with obstacles of action

ResumenEn este trabajo se aborda el estudio de los procesos volitivos o autorregula dores de los que deben valerse las personas para hacer frente a los obstaculos que aparecen en el curso de la accion. La tarea experimental pedia a los sujetos que eligieran entre dos candidatos (presentados a traves de una serie de atributos o rasgos de personalidad) aquel con el que posteriormente pasarian a mantener una conversacion sobre «problemas intimos». Se analiza como proceden las personas ante la aparicion de un obstaculo (informacion adicional que contradice la eleccion o el rechazo realizado) que impide el curso de la accion en la que estan embarcados obligandoles a posponer la intencion en curso. En concreto se estudian que contenidos intencionales almacenados en memoria se activan (se reconocen despues mas rapido), o se desactivan (se reconocen despues mas lentamente) ante esta situacion. Los resultados obtenidos: 1) dan apoyo al estatus especial que la informacion intencional tiene en la memoria; 2) confirm.
The Impact of Admission Diagnosis on Recurrent or Frequent Hospitalizations in 3 Dementia Subtypes

AbstractIncreasing numbers of patients with different types of dementia have resulted in the increasing medical care loads. It is not known whether explanatory factors for recurrent or prolong hospitalization were driven by the subtypes of dementia. We analyzed 203 dementia patients aged >65-year-old with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or Parkinsonism-related dementia (PRD). With a 4-year follow-up period, logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of dementia diagnosis, cerebrovascular risk factors, chronic systemic diseases, and the etiology for admission for recurrent (>4 times/4 years) or prolonged hospitalization stay (>14 days per hospitalization). There were 48 AD, 96 VaD, and 59 PRD patients that completed the 4-year study. The average length of hospital stay was significant, the shortest in AD and the longest in PRD (P = 0.01), whereas the frequency of hospitalization was not different among 3 dementia subtypes. Although delirium is the most common etiology for admission in the patients, diabetes mellitus (Odds ratio, OR = 2.79, P = 0.02), pneumonia (OR = 11.21, P < 0.001), and fall-related hip fracture (OR = 4.762, P = 0.029) were significantly associated with prolong hospitalization. Patients with coronary artery disease (OR = 9.87, P = 0.02), pneumonia (OR = 84.48, P < 0.001), urinary tract infection (OR = 55.09, P < 0.001), and fall-related fracture (OR = 141.7, P < 0.001) predict recurrent hospitalization. Dementia subtypes did not influence directly on the hospitalization courses. The etiologies for admission carried higher clinical significance, compared with the coexisted systemic diseases.
Fecal shedding of coliform bacteria during the periparturient period in dairy cows.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether numbers of coliform bacteria in feces of dairy cattle changed during the periparturient period and whether fluctuations were associated with changes in dry-matter intake. ANIMALS 12 healthy Holstein cows. PROCEDURE Fecal samples were collected on a semi-regular basis (i.e., 3 to 7 times/wk) beginning 4 to 6 weeks before the anticipated parturition date and continuing through the third day (5 cows) or second week (7 cows) after parturition, and total numbers of fecal coliform bacteria were determined. Daily feed intake of 7 cows was monitored. RESULTS For 11 cows, fecal coliform bacterial counts between 34 and 25 days prior to parturition were low and relatively constant (< 102 change in number of bacteria). Coliform bacteria were not detected in 4 to 8% of fecal samples from 10 cows. All cows had a 10(4) to 10(7) increase in number of colony forming units/g of feces near the time of parturition. Number of fecal coliform bacteria peaked within 7 days of parturition in 9 cows and within 12 days of parturition in 3. Number of fecal coliform bacteria was not correlated with feed intake. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cows may have large increases in fecal coliform bacteria count during the periparturient period; however, periparturient cows do not continually shed high numbers of coliform bacteria, and coliform bacteria may not always be detectable by conventional culture methods. Changes in fecal coliform bacteria count did not correlate with changes in dry-matter intake.
Lumenal interactions in nuclear pore complex assembly and stability

A mechanism of nuclear pore complex assembly into intact nuclear envelopes remains elusive. We explore roles of conserved inner nuclear membrane proteins, Heh1p and Heh2p, in this process. The data support the existence of a lumenal bridge between Heh1p and the nucleoporin Pom152p, which might facilitate early nuclear pore complex assembly events.
Adiponectin knockout mice on high fat diet develop fibrosing steatohepatitis

Background and Aim: Low levels of serum adiponectin have been reported to be associated with obesity, diabetes, and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as well as several malignancies. Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice have been reported to cause insulin resistance and neointimal formation of the artery. We used adiponectin KO mice fed a high fat (HF) diet, and investigated the effect of adiponectin on the progression of steatohepatitis and carcinogenesis in vivo.
Heuristics for minimizing the number of tardy jobs on a single machine with release time

This paper considers the problem of minimizing the number of tardy jobs with release time on a single machine. Given that the problem has been classified as strongly NP-Hard, three heuristics (EOO, HR2, and HR3) are proposed for this problem. They are compared with a heuristic by Dauzere-Perez (selected from the literature). Randomly-generated problems ranging from 3 to 500 jobs are solved. Experimental results show that one of the proposed heuristics (EOO) outperforms other heuristics, both in terms of quality of solution (effectiveness) and speed of execution (efficiency). OPSOMMING Die navorsing behandel die ministering van voltooiingstyd van die aantal draaltake by ‘n enkele werktuig. As aanvaar word dat die problem geklassifiseer word as hoofsaaklike NP-hard, word voorgestel dat die vraagstuk bestudeer word deur gebruik te maak van drie heuristiese metodes (EOO, HR2, HR3). Die metodes word vergelyk ten opsigte van vertoning met die Dauzere-Perez-metode. Toevalsgegenereerde probleme wat strek vanaf 3 tot 500 draaltake word behandel. Die eksperimentele werk lewer bewys dat die EOO-metode ander metodes die loef afsteek ten opsigte van oplossingsgoedheid en –snelheid.
Influence of large intrahepatic blood vessels on the gross and histological characteristics of lesions produced by radiofrequency ablation in a pig liver model

Abstract: Aims: To determine whether the presence of large intrahepatic blood vessels (≥3 mm) affect radiofrequency (RF)‐induced coagulation necrosis, the gross and histological characteristics of RF‐ablated areas proximal to or around vessels were examined in normal pig livers.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hemophilic Arthropathy of the Knee

The MR findings at the examination of 16 knees in 9 hemophilic patients were reviewed. The hemophilic arthropathy was demonstrated in great detail. The state of the joint cartilage, menisci, posterior cruciate ligaments and synovial tissue could be assessed. The presence of intraarticular hemorrhage and cyst fluid in bone cavities was recorded. MRI may become a valuable tool for assessment of early treatment of hemophilic arthropathy.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and intestinal parasitosis in children of the Xingu Indian Reservation.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its association with intestinal parasitoses in children from indigenous communities of the Xingu Indian Reservation, in Brazil. METHODS A total of 245 Native Brazilian children between 2 and 9 years of age, from six villages of the Xingu River region, a tributary of the Amazon River, were assessed. H. pylori was detected using the (13)C-urea breath test. Breath samples were collected at baseline and 30 minutes after ingestion of 50 mg of (13)C-urea diluted with 100 mL of water flavored with passion fruit juice and sweetener. Stool samples were collected for the stool ova and parasites exam for 202/245 (82.4%) children. RESULTS The overall prevalence of H. pylori was 73.5%. A significant association of H. pylori with increased age was observed among the different villages and ethnic groups. Positive results for the presence of parasites - 97.5% (198/202) - from the stool samples collected showed no association with H. pylori. Giardia showed an association with H. pylori in the multivariate analysis. Risk factors for H. pylori infection were observed in Kisêjê and Kaibi ethnic groups (OR [odds ratio] = 3.36 and 4.00, respectively), as well as in Tuiararé, Ngojwere, Capivara, Diauarum, and Pavuru villages (OR = 8.10, 4.10, 4.88, 1.85, and 1.40, respectively). CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection is highly prevalent in these communities, as well as intestinal parasitoses. However, there were significant differences in the prevalence of H. pylori among the diverse villages studied. Giardia was closely associated with H. pylori infection.
Contribution of pregnancy, fetuses, fetal placentas and deciduomas to mammary gland and uterine development.

In rats, the influence of pregnancy, fetuses, fetal placentas and pseudopregnancy with and without deciduomas on mammary and uterine development (DNA content) and metabolism (RNA content) was studied. Mammary nucleic acid content increased throughout pregnancy. Removal of fetuses before midpregnancy, but not after, interfered with normal increases in mammary DNA and RNA content. Excision of fetal placentas caused mammary development to regress to nonpregnant control values. Mammary development during the first 12 days of pseudopregnancy was 29–33% less than that observed in 12-day pregnant rats. It is suggested that maternal hormones are the primary stimulant of mammary development during the first half of pregnancy. However, the fetal placentas commence to stimulate mammary development before midpregnancy, and they may be the primary limiting factor for mammary development during the second half of pregnancy. Uterine DNA increased 2.8-fold, whereas uterine RNA and weight increased 5.8- and 4.6-fold, resp.
Software engineering code of ethics and professional practice

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE (Version 5.2) as recommended by the IEEE-CS/ACM Joint Task Force on Software Engineering Ethics and Professional Practices Short Version PREAMBLE The short version of the code summarizes aspirations at a high level of abstraction. The clauses that are included in the full version give examples and details of how these aspirations change the way we act as software engineering professionals. Without the aspirations, the details can become legalistic and tedious; without the details, the aspirations can become high sounding but empty; together, the aspirations and the details form a cohesive code. Software engineers shall commit themselves to making the analysis, specification, design, development, testing and maintenance of software a beneficial and respected profession. In accordance with their commitment to the health, safety and welfare of the public, software engineers shall adhere to the following Eight Principles: 1 PUBLIC Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest. 2 CLIENT AND EMPLOYER Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best interests of their client and employer, consistent with the public interest. 3 PRODUCT Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications meet the highest professional standards possible. 4 JUDGMENT Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their professional judgment. 5 MANAGEMENT Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical approach to the management of software development and maintenance.
Learning Super-Resolution Jointly From External and Internal Examples

Single image super-resolution (SR) aims to estimate a high-resolution (HR) image from a low-resolution (LR) input. Image priors are commonly learned to regularize the, otherwise, seriously ill-posed SR problem, either using external LR-HR pairs or internal similar patterns. We propose joint SR to adaptively combine the advantages of both external and internal SR methods. We define two loss functions using sparse coding-based external examples, and epitomic matching based on internal examples, as well as a corresponding adaptive weight to automatically balance their contributions according to their reconstruction errors. Extensive SR results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method over the existing state-of-the-art methods, and is also verified by our subjective evaluation study.
A new consensus function based on dual-similarity measurements for clustering ensemble

Clustering ensemble is an unsupervised learning method, which combines a number of partitions in order to produce a better clustering result. In this paper, we have proposed a clustering ensemble algorithm named Dual-Similarity Clustering Ensemble (DSCE). The core of our ensemble is a consensus function, consists of three stages. The first stage is to transform the initial clusters into a binary representation, and the second is to measure the similarity between initial clusters and merge the most similar ones. The third is to identify candidate clusters, which contain only certain objects, and calculate their quality. The final clustering result is produced by an iterative process assigning the uncertain objects to a cluster that has a minimum effect on its quality. The number of clusters in the final clustering result converges to a stable value from the generated member, in contrast to most existing methods that require the user to provide the number of clusters in advance. The Experimental results on real datasets indicate that our method is statistically significant better than other state-of-the-art clustering ensemble methods including CO and DICLENS algorithms.
Psychometric features of temporomandibular disorders patients in relation to pain diffusion, location, intensity and duration.

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the psychological profile of a sample of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to compare the psychometric scores between patients with pain of different diffusion, location, intensity and duration. One hundred and ten (N = 110) patients with painful TMD fulfilled three psychometric instruments. Pain features were assessed as categorical variables as concerns its diffusion, viz., diffuse or localised, duration, viz., more or <6 months, and location, viz., joint and/or muscles. Pain intensity was scored on a 0-100 Visual Analog Scale (VAS) rating. Patients with diffuse pain showed higher psychometric scores than patients with localised pain. No significant differences were detected between patients with pain lasting from more or equal than 6 months and those with pain lasting from <6 months as well as between patients with pain localised in the jaw muscles, joints or both, even if a trend for lower scores for patients with joint pain alone was observed. Pain intensity was significantly related with anxiety (ANX), depression (DEP) and somatisation(SOM) scores. In conclusion, pain diffusion and intensity were strongly related with high levels of SOM, ANX and DEP, while no differences in psychometric scores were detected between patients with pain of different duration and location.
Bone marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease.

Background We investigated the risks and benefits of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children with complications of sickle cell disease. Methods Twenty-two children less than 16 years of age who had symptomatic sickle cell disease received marrow allografts from HLA-identical siblings between September 1991 and April 1995. The indications for transplantation included a history of stroke (n = 12), recurrent acute chest syndrome (n = 5), and recurrent painful crises (n = 5). Patients were prepared for transplantation with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin. Results Twenty of the 22 patients survived, with a median follow-up of 23.9 months (range, 10.1 to 51.0), and 16 patients had stable engraftment of donor hematopoietic cells. In three patients the graft was rejected and sickle cell disease recurred; in a fourth patient graft rejection was accompanied by marrow aplasia. In 1 of the 16 patients with engraftment, there was stable mixed chimerism. Two patients died of central ne.