Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovering Yelp Elites : Reifying Yelp Elite Selection Criterion

Yelp Elite is a privileged title granted to users by Yelp. Being Elite comes with perks such as exclusive invitations to Yelp Events. Users must apply or be nominated to become Elite, and once applied, Yelp will approve and reject the application based on certain criteria. These criteria are nebulous, often leading to confused aspiring Elites asking for clarification on the Yelp forums. In this study, we study the requirements for becoming a Yelp Elite. We explore the Yelp Challenge Dataset and train machine learning models for classifying Yelp Elites from non-Elites. From these models, we examine features which are predictive of Elite status and draw conclusions on their meaning relative to the official Elite criteria defined by Yelp.
Chaotic Characteristic Analysis of Strong Earthquake Ground Motions

This paper aims to analyze and understand the irregularity and complexity of earthquake ground motions from the perspective of nonlinear dynamics. Chaotic dynamics theory and chaotic time series analysis are suggested to examine the nonlinear dynamical characteristic of strong earthquake ground motions. Based on the power spectral analysis, principal component analysis and modified false nearest neighbors method, it is illustrated qualitatively that the acceleration time series of earthquake ground motions exhibit chaotic property. Next, the chaotic time series analysis is proposed to calculate quantitatively the nonlinear characteristic parameters of acceleration time histories of near-fault ground motions. Numerical results show that the correlation dimension of these ground motions is fractal dimension. Their Kolmogorov entropy is a limited positive value, and their maximal Lyapunov exponent is larger than 0. It is demonstrated that the strong earthquake ground motions present the chaotic property rather than the pure random signals, and the severe irregularity and complexity of ground motions are the reflection of high nonlinearity of earthquake physical process.
Skola - idrott - hälsa: Studier av ämnet idrott och hälsa samt av barns och ungdomars fysiska aktivitet, fysiska kapacitet och hälsotillstånd

Denna rapport ar, vid sidan av publicerade artiklar, den forsta i en rapportserie fran ”paraplyprojektet” Skola – Idrott – Halsa (SIH-projekten). Projektbenamningen innefattar flera kompletterande .
Regional Anesthesia and The Patient With Preexisting Neuropathy

The benefits of providing regional anesthesia for patients undergoing a variety of surgical interventions have been well established. In 1999, Alon P. Winnie, MD, a pioneer of regional anesthesia and co-founder of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) in 1975, outlined 8 major advantages of regional blocks in Pain Management and Regional Anesthesia in Trauma, which continue to be recognized and increasingly appreciated today. The advantages of regional blocks, according to Dr Winnie, compared with use of opioids or central neuraxial blocks, include the following: 1. superior postoperative analgesia; 2. improved rehabilitation efforts; 3. decreased perioperative nausea and vomiting; 4. faster emergence and recovery; 5. earlier mobilization (unilateral block); 6. unilateral, postganglionic sympathetic block with less associated trespass; 7. extended benefits via continuous catheters; and 8. faster outpatient discharge. The proliferation of outpatient surgical centers and performance of an ever-increasing volume of surgical cases in the outpatient setting have led to the increased KENNETH D. CANDIDO, MD
Psychosocial work stressors and risk of type 2 diabetes : effect, impact and mechanisms

BACKGROUND: As early as the 17th century diabetes was linked to psychosocial stressors, yet this association still remains elusive. The impact of psychosocial work stressors on diabetes is also unknown, as are the pathways involved. AIM: To investigate the prospective effect and impact of psychosocial work stressors on incident T2DM and elucidate direct and indirect pathways in this association. METHODS: Prospective analysis (1991-2004) among 5895 Caucasian middle-aged civil servants free from baseline diabetes in the Whitehall II cohort study. T2DM was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test supplemented by self-reports over four consecutive waves of data collection. The demand/control/support and effort-reward imbalance models were used to assess psychosocial work stressors. RESULTS: Job strain (high job demands/low job control), iso-strain (high demands/low control/low work social support) and effort-reward imbalance (high efforts/low rewards at work) are associated with 60% to 2-fold higher risk of T2DM among women but not men. This effect is higher among obese and lower socioeconomic position individuals. An estimated 35-44% of T2DM cases are attributed to psychosocial work stressors among exposed women, while 10-15% of all cases in the study population are estimated to result from exposure to work stressors, assuming a causal association. Biological factors (obesity, HDL-cholesterol and markers of inflammation) explain 1/3 of the effect of psychosocial work stressors on T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: The observed association between psychosocial work stressors and T2DM is internally valid, temporal and biologically plausible, thus most likely causal. The external validity is questionable however as the effect was observed among a very specific sample of white-collar, Caucasian female civil servants. Given the interaction with body weight status, reduction of psychosocial work stressors would offer some benefits in light of the huge impact of the growing obesity epidemic on T2DM. Even though cardiometabolic and inflammatory factors explain a substantial part of the psychosocial effect on T2DM, other novel mediating factors should be identified. These results should be confirmed by other studies, preferably experimental, with special attention on gender differences. Policies for reduction of psychosocial work stressors should be informed by findings from such studies.
The Implications of Distance and Envy in Organizations: An Exploration of Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

As organizations continue to expand across the country and around the globe, the context in which the average subordinate works becomes modified. Previous research has suggested that increased physical and psychological distance between leaders and their followers negatively impacts the relational quality between supervisor and subordinate. Additionally, studies have shown that workplace variations in leader-member exchange may promote general and relational envy on the part of subordinates. This research project presents findings into an investigation of the effect of physical and psychological distance on the supervisor-subordinate relationship, as well as the effect of general and relational envy in organizations. Outcomes of over 120 leaderfollower dyads were analyzed for leader-member exchange, organizational citizenship behaviors, general and relational envy, and task performance. Findings suggest that both relational and general envy are significantly and negatively related to leader-member exchange quality and that psychological distance moderates the relationship between leader-member exchange and relational envy. Suggestions for industry professionals and implications for future research are discussed.
Conserved relative timing of cranial ossification patterns in early mammalian evolution

SUMMARY We analyzed a comprehensive data set of ossification sequences including seven marsupial, 13 placental and seven sauropsid species. Data are provided for the first time for two major mammalian clades, Chiroptera and Soricidae, and for two rodent species; the published sequences of three species were improved with additional sampling. The relative timing of the onset of ossification in 17 cranial elements was recorded, resulting in 136 event pairs, which were treated as characters for each species. Half of these characters are constant across all taxa, 30% are variable but phylogenetically uninformative, and 19% potentially deliver diagnostic features for clades of two or more taxa. Using the conservative estimate of heterochronic changes provided by the program Parsimov, only a few heterochronies were found to diagnose mammals, marsupials, or placentals. A later onset of ossification of the pterygoid with respect to six other cranial bones characterizes therian mammals. This result may relate to the relatively small size of this bone in this clade. One change in relative onset of ossification is hypothesized as a potential human autapomorphy in the context of the sampling made: the earlier onset of the ossification of the periotic with respect to the lacrimal and to three basicranial bones. Using the standard error of scaled ranks across all species as a measure of each element's lability in developmental timing, we found that ossification of early, middle, and late events are similarly labile, with basicranial traits the most labile in timing of onset of ossification. Despite marsupials and placental mammals diverging at least 130 Ma, few heterochronic shifts in cranial ossification diagnose these clades.
Leukemia-Related Mortality in Inner Mongolia, 2008–2012

In this study, we aimed to determine the leukemia-related mortality rates and associated sociodemographic characteristics in the Inner Mongolia region of China. We obtained data for the period 2008–2012 from the Death Registry System maintained by the Inner Mongolia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We computed the percentages of leukemia-related deaths and controls diagnosed by various methods and at different levels of hospitals. The χ2 test was used to examine differences in leukemia-related mortality according to sex. We also calculated potential years of life lost (PYLL) and average years of life lost. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the effect of sociodemographic characteristics. The sex-adjusted leukemia-related mortality rate was 3.74/100 000. The mortality rate in men (4.27/100 000) was significantly higher than that in women (3.17/100 000), as was the respective PYLL (8040.5 vs. 6000.5 person-years). Mortality increased with increasing age in both men and women. The highest mortality rate was observed in those over 70 years of age for both men (18.36/100 000) and women (7.68/100 000). Men with a higher education level showed an increased risk of leukemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–2.07, P = 0.04). In men, unemployment was associated with leukemia-related death (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42–0.95, P = 0.03). The leukemia-related mortality rate in Inner Mongolia was higher than that worldwide and that in China. A higher level of education and unemployment were associated with leukemia-related mortality in Inner Mongolia.
Slrtool: A Tool to Support Collaborative Systematic Literature Reviews

Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) are used in a number of fields to produce unbiased accounts of specific research topics. SLRs and meta-analysis techniques are increasingly being used in other fields as well, from Social Sciences to Software Engineering. This paper presents the SLRTool tool - an open source, web based, multi-user tool that supports the SLR process for a range of research areas. The tool is available at http://www.slrtool. org and is developed using a model-driven approach to enable its adaptation to different disciplines. The functionality of the tool is presented in the context of support for various phases of the SLR process. The use of the tool is illustrated by means of a simulated SLR aiming to map out existing research in the domain of Enterprise Architecture (EA). Commentary on the use of the tool and potential additional benefits are discussed, for example, the role of the tool in non-medical meta-studies.The SLRTool tool supports all phases of the SLR process and lends itself to creating and supporting research communities geared to SLR oriented activities. In particular, the tool could be suitable for the novice researcher community.
Force Field-Based Control of Dynamic Particles with User-Specified Paths

We present a framework to design force fields that drive particles to follow a path under the physics-based animation system. In this framework, a user interactively specifies the desired path, represented by a Bezier curve using a GUI and the attraction force that drives a particle toward the target location. Then, the framework automatically defines the steering force to make a particle follow the desired path. To this end, we use Bsplines to define the steering force that best approximates the user-specified path. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by showing a large number of particles following the desired path and forming an animated human figure. Our method creates a stable behavior of particles and is fast enough to run in real time.
Cortically evoked motor responses in patients with Xp22.3‐linked Kallmann's syndrome and in female gene carriers

Patients with Kallmann's syndrome show hypothalamic hypogonadism, hyposmia, and congenital mirror movements. As a correlate, a defect of gonadotropic neuron migration into the brain was recently detected. Considering abnormal outgrowth of neurons also as a possible substrate underlying mirror movements, we studied 3 patients and 2 asymptomatic female gene carriers from a kindred with proven linkage to Xp22.3, using focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex hand areas with a figure‐eight coil. In all 3 affected brothers, bilateral responses could be evoked almost simultaneously in their thenar muscles (slight latency differences were statistically insignificant). In contrast, the mother and the maternal aunt showed only unilateral, normal thenar responses, even with maximum tolerable stimulator output and high signal amplification. Correspondingly, mirror movements were present in the patients, but not in the gene carriers. Bilaterality of cortically evoked hand muscle responses and mirror movements, therefore, behaved as X‐chromosomal recessive traits. A likely cause might be a disorder of neuronal outgrowth in the motor system, particularly of inhibitory callosal fibers. For normal anatomical development of the motor system, one intact Xp22.3 gene seems necessary.
Acute, Repeated-Dose and Residual Effects of Amphetamines on Psychological Measures in Humans

Acute, Repeated-Dose and Residual Effects of Amphetamines on Psychological Measures in Humans Allison Turza Bajger Despite the fact that the database documenting amphetamine-related effects in humans has increased over the past decade, there remain important gaps in our knowledge of the effects of these drugs in humans. The current investigations, which examined the acute, repeated-dose and residual effects of amphetamine derivatives on various psychological measures in humans, addressed two of these gaps. The first was the lack of empirical evidence directly comparing damphetamine and methamphetamine. Study 1 was the first direct comparison of the regulatory focus effects of intranasal d-amphetamine and methamphetamine (12, 50 mg/70kg). Results indicate that the drugs produced overlapping effects on most measures (e.g. increased “prevention” focus state and task engagement). Under the low dose condition, only methamphetamine increased “prevention” focus. Study 2 was a within-participant investigation on the impact of three 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) administrations (12 and 24 hours intervals) on physiological, subjective, and behavioral measures in experienced MDMA users. Heart rate, blood pressure, oral temperature, subjective effects, psychomotor performance, and sleep were assessed repeatedly throughout the study. Acute administration of MDMA produced systematic increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and subjective effects, but oral temperature was unaltered. Following repeated drug administration, heart rate elevations were no longer statistically significant; blood pressure and subjective-effect ratings remained significantly increased, but such increases were diminished relative to acute drug effects. Measures of sleep were decreased only on the evening following two active MDMA administrations. Performance alterations were not observed nor were MDMA-related toxic effects. Overall, the data from both studies do not support either: 1) the conventional notion that d-amphetamine and methamphetamine produce markedly different effects in humans; or 2) the general perception that MDMA produces dangerous cardiovascular and subjective effects in humans following repeated administration.
An Empirical Test of a Possible Solution to “the Central Theoretical Problem of Human Sociobiology”

KANAZAWA (2004) suggests that there is a negative association between social class and reproduction because lower-class individuals, who tend to have lower general intelligence, have greater difficulty employing evolutionarily-novel modern contraception. I derive three hypotheses from KANAZAWA's theory: 1) There are no class differences in the number of desired children; 2) The effect of sexual activity on reproduction is weaker among the more intelligent; and 3) The interaction between sexual activity and intelligence is stronger among men. The analyses of the U.S. General Social Surveys support all three hypotheses. Modern evolutionary psychology predicts that, because women prefer to mate with men with greater resources and higher status, such men attain greater reproductive success (BUSS 1994). Throughout human history, wealthy and powerful men of high status have had a greater number of mates and produced more children than poor and powerless men of low status (BETZIG 1986). In ancient civilizations, kings, emperors and sultans maintained large harems, consisting of hundreds and thousands of virgins, and local chiefs and noblemen kept several wives or concubines, while countless poor men in the countryside died mateless and childless (BETZIG 1993). And these wealthy and powerful men of high status often left a large number of descendants. In contrast, a strong positive correlation between social class and reproduction does not exist in the contemporary society. Marriage and successful reproduction are no longer the privilege of the wealthy and powerful only, and men's reproductive success is not related to social class. If anything, the correlation appears negative; in contemporary industrial societies like the United States, poor families tend to have more children than wealthy families. This is in contradiction to the prediction of evolutionary psychology.
Sputtering of grains in C-type shocks

Sputtering yields are reported for the release of Mg, Fe, Si and O under impact of He, C, O, Si and Fe on grain material composed of Mg- and Fe-bearing silicates. The yields were derived using the trim code, which simulates the results of the transport of ions in matter by means of classical Monte Carlo techniques. The energetics of the sputtering process are a key factor in the sputtering calculations, and so detailed determinations have been made of the energy with which atoms are bound to the lattice, using solid-state simulation programs. The probability of ejection of an atom is computed at a given energy, for a number of angles of incidence, and integrated to obtain the mean yield at that energy. These numerical results are then fitted with a simple function of energy for convenience in subsequent applications. A grid of C-type shock models has been computed, using our new sputtering yields, for pre-shock densities in the range 104nHn(H)+2n(H2)106 cm−3 and shock speeds 20vs45 km s−1. Sputtered fractions can be high, exceeding 50 per cent for shock speeds in excess of approximately 40 km s−1. The column densities of Si and SiO were also computed, for comparison with observations.
Planned Protest Modeling in News and Social Media

Civil unrest (protests, strikes, and “occupy” events) is a common occurrence in both democracies and authoritarian regimes. The study of civil unrest is a key topic for political scientists as it helps capture an important mechanism by which citizenry express themselves. In countries where civil unrest is lawful, qualitative analysis has revealed that more than 75% of the protests are planned, organized, and/or announced in advance; therefore detecting future time mentions in relevant news and social media is a direct way to develop a protest forecasting system. We develop such a system in this paper, using a combination of key phrase learning to identify what to look for, probabilistic soft logic to reason about location occurrences in extracted results, and time normalization to resolve future tense mentions. We illustrate the application of our system to 10 countries in Latin America, viz. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Results demonstrate our successes in capturing significant societal unrest in these countries with an average lead time of 4.08 days. We also study the selective superiorities of news media versus social media (Twitter, Facebook) to identify relevant tradeoffs.
Adaptive distortion compensation with integrated optical finite impulse response filters in high bitrate optical communication systems

In high-bit-rate optical transmission systems, distortions due to dynamic chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, and power changes are larger than the distortion tolerances of the system. To meet the tolerances and the desired quality of service, an adaptive equalizer is necessary. We demonstrate the capabilities of planar lightwave circuit integrated optical finite impulse response filters for mitigating distortions of the transmission channel, and we investigate two adaptive equalization approaches. The first approach uses an adaptive feedback generated from electrical spectrum monitoring; the second one uses intersymbol interference minimization with a least mean square error algorithm. We successfully demonstrated adaptive equalization of chromatic dispersion, self-phase modulation, and polarization mode dispersion, as well as combinations of these distortions.