Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Migration Status Shapes Susceptibility of Individuals’ Loneliness to Social Isolation

Objectives: Our research provides competing hypotheses and empirical evidence how associations between objectively social isolation and subjective loneliness differ between host populations, migrants, and refugees. Methods: The analysis uses data of 25,171 participants from a random sample of the German population (SOEP v.35). We estimate regression models for the host population, migrants, and refugees and test five hypotheses on the association between social isolation and loneliness using a Bayesian approach in a multiverse framework. Results: We find the strongest relative support for an increased need for social inclusion among refugees, indicated by a higher Bayes factor compared to the hosts and migrants. However, all theoretically developed hypotheses perform poorly in explaining the major pattern in our data: The association of social isolation and loneliness is persistently lower for migrants (0.15 SD−0.29 SD), with similar sizes of associations for refugees and the host population (0.38 SD−0.67 SD). Conclusion: The migration history must be actively considered in health service provision and support programs to better cater to the needs of the different groups.
Diet and disturbance: Seaside Sparrow resource use driven by oiling and Hurricane Isaac

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster led to extensive oil deposition in Louisiana’s coastal wetlands, followed two years later by Hurricane Isaac. These disturbances led to changes in saltmarsh invertebrate communities, potentially affecting higher-level predators and the saltmarsh food web. Seaside Sparrows (Ammospiza maritima) are ubiquitous, year-round residents of the coastal saltmarsh affected by the DWH spill, where they consume diverse invertebrates and may be considered an indicator species for the ecosystem’s integrity. We used DNA metabarcoding to evaluate prey consumed by Seaside Sparrows to understand how sparrows responded to residual contamination from the DWH oil spill and ecosystem disturbance caused by Hurricane Isaac. To do so, we evaluated metrics of diet (prey richness, diversity, overall diet composition) and resource use (total niche width, individual specialization) from 2011 to 2017 on oiled, unoiled, and reference sites. We found that while diet composition varied across years and site type, Hurricane Isaac had an even greater effect on the richness and diversity of prey consumed. Resource use—as measured by the total niche width of the populations and degree of individual specialization—was most stable on unoiled sites compared to unoiled and reference sites. Finally, we analyzed resource use for each combination of site type and year (i.e.: “2014 oiled sites”), which indicated a strong correlation between individual specialization and total niche width: as total niche width increased, individuals became more specialized, following the predictions of the Niche Variation Hypothesis.
Efficient catalytic degradation of methylene blue by a novel Fe3+-TiO2@CGS three-dimensional photoelectric system

In this study, a novel three-dimensional photoelectric system was designed and constructed for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) via photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photoelectric catalysis. To this end, a Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2-CeO2 electrode was prepared via a thermal oxidation coating method and used as a dimensionally-stable anode (DSA). The cathode was made of a titanium sheet with Fe3+-doped TiO2 loaded on coal gasification slag (CGS) (Fe3+-TiO2@CGS) as a photocatalyst. The factors affecting the degradation efficiency, such as the supporting electrolyte, current density, and initial pH were systematically investigated. The results revealed Fe3+-TiO2@CGS three-dimensional photoelectric system exhibiting efficient synergistic performance of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis with a synergistic factor of 1.11. Photo-generated holes (h+) were generated by light irradiation and direct anodic oxidation. Furthermore, hydroxyl radicals (HO·) radicals were induced via other pathways. Such active species showed highly-oxidizing abilities, beneficial to the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The representative Fe3+-TiO2@CGS three-dimensional photoelectric system showed super high degradation efficiency at pH 11 and current density of 18.76 mA cm−2. Using NaCl as a supporting electrolyte, the degradation yield reached 99.98% after 60 min of photoelectrical treatment. Overall, the novel Fe3+-TiO2@CGS three-dimensional photoelectrical system looks very promising for the highly efficient catalytic degradation of organic contaminants. Graphical Abstract
Intergroup trust as a mediator between compassion and positive attitudes toward sexual minorities

Nurturing compassion is not only beneficial for one’s well-being in terms of feelings and cognitions directed toward oneself, but it can also have positive effects on attitudes toward other people through associated humanity and recognition of the universality of suffering. Having compassion toward others may be particularly beneficial in intergroup relations, as minority and stigmatized groups often experience a lack of compassion from the majority. The present study (N = 244) examines the relation between self-compassion, compassion toward others, and the level of trust and positive attitudes toward members of sexual minorities. The results of path analysis suggest that the relationship between compassion for others and attitudes toward people belonging to sexual minorities is mediated by intergroup trust. Fostering compassion could therefore play an important role in increasing trust and improving attitudes toward the people belonging to stigmatized minorities.
Associations between parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction: The role of parent–child relationship and adolescents' grades

Introduction Family factors, such as parental mediation on Internet use and parent-child relationships, have been shown to play a crucial role in preventing adolescents' internet addiction. Previous studies have shown a change in characteristics of online risk during adolescents' development. However, it is still of great interest whether such differences applied in the relationships among parent-child relationships, different types of parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction level. In this study, we investigated the associations between different types of parental mediators and adolescents' internet addiction level and how the associations were mediated by father-child and mother-child relationships. We further investigated whether mediating effect differs between primary and secondary school children. Methods Based on a sample of 3,026 school children aged 9–14 years (M = 11.56, SD = 0.71; 55.25% primary school adolescents, 44.75% secondary school adolescents), a series of Structural Equation Models were applied to investigate the relationships among internet addiction, parental mediation, and parent-child relationship. In addition, a series of multi-group analysis were applied to detect whether there are differences in these relationships between the primary and secondary school group. Results The internet addiction level and intensity of parental mediation was higher among primary school adolescents than secondary school adolescents. Parental active mediation and monitoring on internet use were associated with reduced and increased adolescents' internet addiction. Father-child relationship had stronger partial mediating effects on the relationships between parental mediation and adolescents' internet addiction than the mother-child relationship. The relationships among parental mediation, parent-child relationship and internet addiction were more pronounced among primary school adolescents than secondary school adolescents. Discussion The findings suggest that good father-child relationships and adequate parental mediation approach, such as active mediation, may contribute to reduction of internet addiction risk in adolescents, especially in primary school adolescents.
Simultaneous U, B, V, and X-ray measurements of a burst from 4U/MXB 1636-53

Data are presented on the first simultaneous X-ray and optical burst to be measured in more than one optical color. Various analyses agree that, to a first approximation, the optical burst is produced through blackbody reprocessing of the X-ray burst, with a short delay. Depending on the technique used, the value of the delay is 2 or 3 s. The smearing of the optical signal is determined to be less than 3 s. The temperature of the optical reprocessor ranges from approximately 25,000 K at quiescence to approximately 50,000 K at burst maximum. An extinction toward the source is derived from the color-color diagram, suggesting a distance greater than or approximately equal to 2 kpc. The projected effective area of the blackbody reprocessor is approximately 5 x 10 to the 21st (D/5 kpc)-squared sq cm. The fraction of the total X-ray burst energy converted into optical energy at all wavelengths is, within an order of magnitude, approximately 3 percent. These parameters are discussed in relation to the 4 hr orbital periodicity in the system reported by Pedersen et al. (1981).
Modulation of sirtuins during monolayer chondrocyte culture influences cartilage regeneration upon transfer to a 3D culture environment

This study examined the role of sirtuins in the regenerative potential of articular chondrocytes. Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) play a key role in regulating cartilage homeostasis. By inhibiting pro-inflammatory pathways responsible for cartilage degradation and promoting the expression of key matrix components, sirtuins have the potential to drive a favourable balance between anabolic and catabolic processes critical to regenerative medicine. When subjected to osmolarity and glucose concentrations representative of the in vivo niche, freshly isolated bovine chondrocytes exhibited increases in SIRT1 but not SIRT3 gene expression. Replicating methods adopted for the in vitro monolayer expansion of chondrocytes for cartilage regenerative therapies, we found that SIRT1 gene expression declined during expansion. Manipulation of sirtuin activity during in vitro expansion by supplementation with the SIRT1-specific activator SRT1720, nicotinamide mononucleotide, or the pan-sirtuin inhibitor nicotinamide, significantly influenced cartilage regeneration in subsequent 3D culture. Tissue mass, cellularity and extracellular matrix content were reduced in response to sirtuin inhibition during expansion, whilst sirtuin activation enhanced these measures of cartilage tissue regeneration. Modulation of sirtuin activity during monolayer expansion influenced H3K27me3, a heterochromatin mark with an important role in development and differentiation. Unexpectedly, treatment of primary chondrocytes with sirtuin activators in 3D culture reduced their matrix synthesis. Thus, modulating sirtuin activity during the in vitro monolayer expansion phase may represent a distinct opportunity to enhance the outcome of cartilage regenerative medicine techniques.
Study on particle cluster dynamics behavior in settling and the influence by fiber barrier

The dispersion of particle clusters is relevant to a high concentration carrying fluid such as fracturing and drilling fluid, and the fiber-containing fluid could improve the carrying performance of particles. In the present study, the settling dynamics behavior of clusters is investigated using the CFD-DEM method. The numerical simulation method employed was able to accurately predict the deformation and velocity change rules, which express the cluster settling dynamics behavior. The velocity variation of particles is affected by hindrance and contact inside the cluster, and the velocity contrast leads to particle leakage and cluster deformation. The cluster will have regular shape changes and break up in the settlement process under gravity and fluid drag force. According to the sensitivity parameter analysis, the deformation of clusters is mainly affected by the fluid rheological properties. Different from glycerol, the settling cluster in viscoelastic HPG has a more complex dynamic behavior and a better fiber barrier effect. The fiber barrier between particles in the cluster can be regarded as a weakly constrained fiber grid structure. Due to the contact force, fiber grid structure formed in the cluster could effectively restrain the shape change and break up trend in the settlement process. The design also considers the influence of fiber and HPG concentration, and we analyze the settling velocity of the mixed-fiber cluster. Overall, the research on the cluster settling dynamics behavior is helpful in analyzing the effect of fiber-containing fluid in the carrying performance of particles.
Selective vulnerability of the intermediate retinal capillary plexus precedes retinal ganglion cell loss in ocular hypertension

Introduction: Glaucoma, a disease of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury and potentially devastating vision loss, is associated with both ocular hypertension (OHT) and reduced ocular blood flow. However, the relationship between OHT and retinal capillary architecture is not well understood. In this project, we studied microvasculature damage in mice exposed to mild levels of induced OHT. Methods: Mild OHT was induced with the microbead model for 2 weeks. At this time point, some retinas were immunostained with CD31 (endothelium), Collagen IV (basement membrane), and RBPMS (RGCs) for z-stack confocal microscopy. We processed these confocal images to distinguish the three retinal capillary plexi (superficial, intermediate, and deep). We manually counted RGC density, analyzed vascular complexity, and identified topographical and spatial vascular features of the retinal capillaries using a combination of novel manual and automated workflows. Other retinas were dissociated and immunopanned to isolate RGCs and amacrine cells (ACs) for hypoxia gene array analysis. Results: RGC counts were normal but there was decreased overall retinal capillary complexity. This reduced complexity could be explained by abnormalities in the intermediate retinal capillary plexus (IRCP) that spared the other plexi. Capillary junction density, vessel length, and vascular area were all significantly reduced, and the number of acellular capillaries was dramatically increased. ACs, which share a neurovascular unit (NVU) with the IRCP, displayed a marked increase in the relative expression of many hypoxia-related genes compared to RGCs from the same preparations. Discussion: We have discovered a rapidly occurring, IRCP-specific, OHT-induced vascular phenotype that precedes RGC loss. AC/IRCP NVU dysfunction may be a mechanistic link for early vascular remodeling in glaucoma.
Interrater reliability and experiences of Assessment, Intervention, and Moving-on 3 Assessment Model in a multidisciplinary Norwegian sample

Background Assessing minors with harmful sexual behavior (HSB) is a complex and sensitive task. The AIM3 Assessment Model was developed to assist practitioners with information collection and HSB evaluations. Objective In this study, we explore the interrater reliability and the practitioners’ experience with the AIM3. Participants and setting The multidisciplinary sample (n = 56) was recruited in Norway. The participants’ mean age is 43.2 years (SD 9.5). The sample is 79% female and 21% male. Mean years of experience is 17.6 years (SD 9.5). Methods The participants used the Norwegian version of the AIM3 to score three case vignettes. A survey containing questions about competence and experience was filled out. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to estimate interrater reliability as well as descriptive statistics to show experience. Results The estimated ICC for overall AIM3 factors is 0.547 (95% CI = 0.471, 0.634); for domain scores, the estimated ICC is 0.697 (95% CI = 0.548, 0.852). Both are in the moderate range. The majority of the participants reported that they will probably use the AIM3 in the future and that their experience with the AIM3 was highly useful with, for example, empirically informed decision-making and for intervention and safety planning. Conclusion The moderate ICC results and the sample’s generally positive experience with the AIM3 may indicate further usefulness in a Norwegian multidisciplinary setting. We provide recommendations on how the AIM3 and similar HSB assessments can be further evaluated and developed.
Predicting the probability of pT3 or higher pathological stage at radical prostatectomy: COVID19-specific considerations

Background We tested whether a model identifying prostate cancer (PCa) patients at risk of pT3-4/pN1 can be developed for use during COVID19 pandemic, in order to guarantee appropriate treatment to patients harboring advanced disease patients without compromising sustainability of care delivery. Methods Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database 2010-2016, we identified 27,529 patients with localized PCa and treated with radical prostatectomy. A multivariable logistic regression model predicting presence of pT3-4/pN1 disease was fitted within a development cohort (n=13,977, 50.8%). Subsequently, external validation (n=13,552, 49.2%) and head-to-head comparison with NCCN risk group stratification was performed. Results In model development, age, PSA, biopsy Gleason Grade Group (GGG) and percentage of positive biopsy cores were independent predictors of pT3-4/pN1 stage. In external validation, prediction of pT3-4/pN1 with novel nomogram was 74% accurate versus 68% for NCCN risk group stratification. Nomogram achieved better calibration and showed net-benefit over NCCN risk group stratification in decision curve analyses. The use of nomogram cut-off of 49% resulted in pT3-4/pN1 rate of 65%, instead of the average 35%. Conclusion The newly developed, externally validated nomogram predicts presence of pT3-4/pN1 better than NCCN risk group stratification and allows to focus radical prostatectomy treatment on individuals at highest risk of pT3-4/pN1.
Role of miRNAs in regulation of SA-mediated upregulation of genes involved in folate and methionine metabolism in foxtail millet

The effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) on folate metabolism and the related gene regulatory mechanisms is still unclear. In this study, the panicle of foxtail millet treated with different SA concentrations showed that 6 mM SA doubled the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate content compared to that of the control. An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 275 metabolites were enriched in amino acid metabolic pathways. Significantly, the relative content of methionine (Met) after 6 mM SA treatment was 3.14 times higher than the control. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the folate and amino acid biosynthesis pathways (including Met, Cys, Pro, Ser et al.). The miRNA−mRNA interactions related to the folate and Met metabolic pathways were analyzed and several likely structural gene targets for miRNAs were identified, miRNA-seq analysis revealed that 33 and 51 miRNAs targeted 11 and 15 genes related to the folate and Met pathways, respectively. Eight key genes in the folate metabolism pathway were likely to be up-regulated by 14 new miRNAs and 20 new miRNAs up-regulated the 9 key genes in the Met metabolism pathway. The 6 miRNA−mRNA interactions related to the folate and Met metabolism pathways were verified by qRT−PCR, and consistent with the prediction. The results showed that DHFR1 gene expression level related to folate synthesis was directly up-regulated by Nov-m0139-3p with 3.8 times, but DHFR2 was down-regulated by Nov-m0731-5p with 0.62 times. The expression level of CYSC1 and APIP related to Met synthesis were up-regulated by Nov-m0461-5p and Nov-m0664-3p with 4.27 and 1.32 times, respectively. Our results suggested that exogenous SA could induce the folate and Met accumulated in the panicle of foxtail millet. The higher expression level of DHFR1, FTHFD, CYSC1 and APIP in the folate and Met metabolism pathway and their regulators, including Nov-m0139-3p, Nov-m0717-5p, Nov-m0461-5p and Nov-m0664-3p, could be responsible for these metabolites accumulation. This study lays the theoretical foundation for elucidating the post-transcription regulatory mechanisms of folate and Met metabolism.
Therapeutic potential of compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 helicase

The economical and societal impact of COVID-19 has made the development of vaccines and drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection a priority. While the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been widely explored as a drug target, the SARS-CoV-2 helicase (nsp13) does not have any approved medication. The helicase shares 99.8% similarity with its SARS-CoV-1 homolog and was shown to be essential for viral replication. This review summarizes and builds on existing research on inhibitors of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 helicases. Our analysis on the toxicity and specificity of these compounds, set the road going forward for the repurposing of existing drugs and the development of new SARS-CoV-2 helicase inhibitors.
Perinatal exposure to foodborne inorganic nanoparticles: A role in the susceptibility to food allergy?

Food allergy (FA) is an inappropriate immune response against dietary antigens. Various environmental factors during perinatal life may alter the establishment of intestinal homeostasis, thereby predisposing individuals to the development of such immune-related diseases. Among these factors, recent studies have emphasized the chronic dietary exposure of the mother to foodborne inorganic nanoparticles (NP) such as nano-sized silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) or silver (Ag). Indeed, there is growing evidence that these inorganic agents, used as food additives in various products, as processing aids during food manufacturing or in food contact materials, can cross the placental barrier and reach the developing fetus. Excretion in milk is also suggested, hence continuing to expose the neonate during a critical window of susceptibility. Due to their immunotoxical and biocidal properties, such exposure may disrupt the host-intestinal microbiota's beneficial exchanges and may interfere with intestinal barrier and gut-associated immune system development in fetuses then the neonates. The resulting dysregulated intestinal homeostasis in the infant may significantly impede the induction of oral tolerance, a crucial process of immune unresponsiveness to food antigens. The current review focuses on the possible impacts of perinatal exposure to foodborne NP during pregnancy and early life on the susceptibility to developing FA. Graphical abstract