Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Looking into overcharging in model colloids through electrophoresis: Asymmetric electrolytes

Some theories claim that the Poisson–Boltzmann approach could fail to describe the electric double layer of colloids under certain conditions as a result of neglecting ion size correlations. For instance, if the surface charge density and/or the electrolyte concentration are high enough, the counterion local density in the vicinity of charged surface could become so large that the particle charge would be overcompensated. This phenomenon is theoretically known as overcharging and, sometimes, should involve a ζ-potential reversal. Accordingly, this work looks into overcharging through electrophoresis experiments. The electrophoretic mobility has been measured for latex particles with moderate and large surface charge density in solutions of asymmetric electrolytes z:1 (symmetric electrolytes have been studied in a previous work). In order to find out the relevance of ion size correlations, results are analyzed within the so-called hypernetted-chain/mean-spherical approximation (HNC/MSA) as well as a Poisso.
Decentralized Ranking in Large-Scale Overlay Networks

Modern distributed systems are often characterized by very large scale, poor reliability, and extreme dynamism of the participating nodes, with a continuous flow of nodes joining and leaving the system. In order to develop robust applications in such environments, middleware services aimed at dealing with the inherent unpredictability of the underlying networks are required. One such service is aggregation. In the aggregation problem, each node is assumed to have attributes. The task is to extract global information about these attributes and make it available to the nodes. Examples include the total free storage, the average load, or the size of the network. Efficient protocols for computing several aggregates such as average, count, and variance have already been proposed. In this paper, we consider calculating the rank of nodes, where the set of nodes has to be sorted according to a numeric attribute and each node must be informed about its own rank in the global sorting. This information has a number of applications, such as slicing. It can also be applied to calculate the median or any other percentile. We propose T-Rank, a robust and completely decentralized algorithm for solving the ranking problem with minimal assumptions. Due to the characteristics of the targeted environment, we aim for a probabilistic approach and accept minor errors in the output. We present extensive empirical results that suggest near logarithmic time complexity, scalability and robustness in different failure scenarios.
Migrate Web documents into web data

According to Internet Users able to use the Web to carry out tasks like Searching, Retrieving and Storing the information on to the Web. However, Machines can't execute these tasks without interaction of human, because Web Pages are designed to be read only by people, not Machines'. Another view, increasing volume of heterogeneous information on the Web, there exist issues, effective retrieval of information, during searching of users' interest. A very optimal approach is the Semantic Web, it is Web Data, which permits to share, reused the data across various application, enterprise and community boundaries. Although, these relatively new and revolutionary language have many advantages, so that lack of Web administration and effective information retrieval, it is need of situation migrate most of the Web documents into web data, Semantic Web.
Diversity Multiplexing Trade-off in MIMO Systems

This report describes my method of increasing the capacity of any wireless network through the application of MIMO technology. The Shannon capacity of wireless networks has been calculated in different instances by MATLAB. Using Simulink, the various parameters of a wireless Rayleigh Multipath fading channel are calculated. This is done in order to experimentally prove the advantages of a MIMO system in any wireless system. Also to find the right balance before which adding more antennas will not a make a difference
Merging Stories with Shallow Semantics

We demonstrate a proof-of-concept system that uses a shallow chunking-based technique for knowledge extraction from natural language text, in particular looking at the task of story understanding. This technique is extended with a reasoning engine that borrows techniques from dynamic ontology refinement to discover the semantic similarity of stories and to merge them together.
Photon and graviton mass limits

Efforts to place limits on deviations from canonical formulations of electromagnetism and gravity have probed length scales increasing dramatically over time. Historically, these studies have passed through three stages: (1) testing the power in the inverse-square laws of Newton and Coulomb, (2) seeking a nonzero value for the rest mass of photon or graviton, and (3) considering more degrees of freedom, allowing mass while preserving explicit gauge or general-coordinate invariance. Since the previous review the lower limit on the photon Compton wavelength has improved by four orders of magnitude, to about one astronomical unit, and rapid current progress in astronomy makes further advance likely. For gravity there have been vigorous debates about even the concept of graviton rest mass. Meanwhile there are striking observations of astronomical motions that do not fit Einstein gravity with visible sources. ''Cold dark matter'' (slow, invisible classical particles) fits well at large scales. ''Modified Newtonian dynamics'' provides the best phenomenology at galactic scales. Satisfying this phenomenology is a requirement if dark matter, perhaps as invisible classical fields, could be correct here too. ''Dark energy''might be explained by a graviton-mass-like effect, with associated Compton wavelength comparable to the radius of the visible universe. Significant mass limitsmore » are summarized in a table. « less
Coupling-aware force driven placement of TSVs and shields in 3D-IC layouts

In 3D ICs, TSV cross coupling can seriously degrade circuit performance if it is not sufficiently considered in a design. Cross coupling is heavily dependent on how TSVs are placed, and should be considered during the floorplanning of the chip. In this work we propose a coupling-aware TSV placement algorithm that attempts to reduce both wirelength and TSV cross coupling. TSV shielding is another method for coupling mitigation, and the proposed algorithm combines coupling-aware TSV placement with shield insertion to yield better results than either technique alone. With regard to the most heavily coupled TSV pair in a design, our results show that applying both techniques simultaneously produces a 12.3% improvement in maximum S-parameter compared to traditional TSV placement which optimizes wirelength only. Using coupling-aware TSV placement or shield insertion alone produces a 4.2% and 4.8% improvement respectively. The improvement offered by using both techniques simultaneously is actually more than the sum of the improvement offered by using each technique on its own. This implies that the two techniques are not independent of one another, and that when used simultaneously each technique increases the effectiveness of the other, giving strong motivation for using them both simultaneously. Furthermore, the percent increase in wirelength due to using these two techniques is an order of magnitude less than the percent improvement to coupling, justifying the tradeoff made by our algorithm.
Bioinspired self-healing of advanced composite structures using hollow glass fibres

Self-healing is receiving an increasing amount of worldwide interest as a method to autonomously address damage in materials. The incorporation of a self-healing capability within fibre-reinforced polymers has been investigated by a number of workers previously. The use of functional repair components stored inside hollow glass fibres (HGF) is one such bioinspired approach being considered. This paper considers the placement of self-healing HGF plies within both glass fibre/epoxy and carbon fibre/epoxy laminates to mitigate damage occurrence and restore mechanical strength. The study investigates the effect of embedded HGF on the host laminates mechanical properties and also the healing efficiency of the laminates after they were subjected to quasi-static impact damage. The results of flexural testing have shown that a significant fraction of flexural strength can be restored by the self-repairing effect of a healing resin stored within hollow fibres.
The Optimal Development of Water Resources in the Region Based on Fuzzy Optimization and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm

This article focused on sustainable development, and proposed bounded conditions for reasonable use of water resources, then constructed the coordination and decomposition model. As the water resources have the multi-objectives, the first layer in the model put forward Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm, and use its unique ability of group research to make the optimal development of water resources simulate for biological evolution, It exist many ambiguous and uncertain problems because of the result based on different Decision-makers with his targets. Therefore, the second layer used fuzzy optimization. It greatly enhanced the accuracy and speed of the model. Experiments proved that we get the best coordinating relationships of utilizing the water resources and sustainable developed strategy.
Translation of the F protein of hepatitis C virus is initiated at a non-AUG codon in a +1 reading frame relative to the polyprotein

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) followed by a large open reading frame coding for a polyprotein that is cleaved into 10 proteins. An additional HCV protein, the F protein, was recently suggested to result from a +1 frameshift by a minority of ribosomes that initiated translation at the HCV AUG initiator codon of the polyprotein. In the present study, we reassessed the mechanism accounting for the synthesis of the F protein by measuring the expression in cultured cells of a luciferase reporter gene with an insertion encompassing the IRES plus the beginning of the HCV-coding region preceding the luciferase-coding sequence. The insertion was such that luciferase expression was either in the +1 reading frame relative to the HCV AUG initiator codon, mimicking the expression of the F protein, or in-frame with this AUG, mimicking the expression of the polyprotein. Introduction of a stop codon at various positions in-frame with the AUG initiator codon and substitution of this AUG with UAC inhibited luciferase expression in the 0 reading frame but not in the +1 reading frame, ruling out that the synthesis of the F protein results from a +1 frameshift. Introduction of a stop codon at various positions in the +1 reading frame identified the codon overlapping codon 26 of the polyprotein in the +1 reading frame as the translation start site for the F protein. This codon 26(+1) is either GUG or GCG in the viral variants. Expression of the F protein strongly increased when codon 26(+1) was replaced with AUG, or when its context was mutated into an optimal Kozak context, but was severely decreased in the presence of low concentrations of edeine. These observations are consistent with a Met-tRNAi-dependent initiation of translation at a non-AUG codon for the synthesis of the F protein.
A Distributed Dynamic Mobility Management Scheme Designed for Flat IP Architectures

Current mobility management approaches are highly centralized and hierarchical. They make use of centralized anchors located in core networks, responsible for forwarding traffic to/from mobile nodes' location. Emerging networks standards developed for new broadband cellular radio interfaces are use flat architecture where control functions are deployed in network edges such as evolved base stations. In order to better fit to such distributed logic while optimizing handover efficiency and minimizing traffic encapsulation, we propose a new scheme designed for mobility management in flat architectures. Our scheme dynamically anchors mobile nodes' traffic in access nodes, depending on their location when sessions are set up. A first estimation shows that we can obtain low handover delays, promising for future adoption and development of our distributed and dynamic approach.
Information Transmission over the Postal Channel with and without Feedback

The postal channel models a postal system in which letters, each consisting of a number of characters, are sometimes lost. We study the postal channel with variable-length letters and variable-length coding over letters, both with and without letter-by-letter feedback. Without allowing letter lengths to encode information, we examine one feedback strategy consisting of automatic repeat-request (ARQ) with exponentially increasing letter lengths. For this strategy we investigate an alternative notion of information rate per character, based upon the total, random number of characters required to convey the messages instead of its expectation. This information rate exhibits a phase transition in its convergence as the number of messages becomes large: if the letter lengths increase by a factor less than the inverse of the probability that a letter is lost, it converges to the channel capacity; otherwise, it converges to a number strictly larger than channel capacity. More generally, when we allow both the characters and the length of a letter to convey information, we compute the corresponding channel capacity with and without feedback, and find that it is twice the channel capacity of the original postal channel without allowing letter lengths to encode information
Feasibility and Economics of Continuous Assurance

Given the growing interest in the topic, both in practice and academia, it is timely and important to examine the concept of continuous assurance (CA) and the possible paths along which such services will evolve. There has been a tendency to see CA purely from the point of view of its technological enablers. As such, it has virtually been taken for granted that CA will follow as a matter of course. What has been less thought through is the business architecture that must underlie CA. In particular, we show that the key driver of CA is the demand for it. While there may be many economic transactions between the company and its stakeholders that could benefit from the provision of CA, there is no guarantee that CA is either cost effective—the only way of enhancing efficiency—or actually has to be continuous. Other factors that will affect the development of CA are the need for a new infrastructure to pay for it, as well as concerns about the independence of the assurors. We also identify some important rese.
Single Image Fog Removal Using Depth Estimation Based on Blur Estimation

Visibility in poor weather condition is severely degraded by scattering of light due to suspended particles in the atmosphere such as haze and fog. In this paper, we propose defogging method from a single image based on depth estimation using blur. Formation of fog is the function of the depth. Estimation of depth information is under constraint problem if single image is available. Hence, removal of fog requires assumptions or prior information. The accurate thickness of haze or fog from a single image in these bad weather environments is still a challenging task In this paper a method is proposed to estimate the depth of the image based on blur estimation. In an image that includes objects in focus and out of focus are perceived with various blur. Measure of blur can be used for segmentation of image in terms of depth.
Back handspring robot: target dynamics-based control

This paper reports on a gymnastic robot, which are developed for various floor exercises such as jumping, somersault and back handspring. The robot is a planar and serially connected four-link robot, whose joints are fully actuated by electric servomotors. In this paper, the modeling and the controller for back handspring are addressed. The controller is derived from task-specific target dynamics and its model matching. The use of global physical quantities such as center of mass, or angular momentum allows even simple target dynamics to generate complex gymnastic motions of multi-body system. The effectiveness of the controller is confirmed via simulations and experiments.
IgM Repertoire Biodiversity is Reduced in HIV-1 Infection and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background: HIV-1 infection or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disrupt B cell homeostasis, reduce memory B cells, and impair function of IgG and IgM antibodies. Objective: To determine how disturbances in B cell populations producing polyclonal antibodies relate to the IgM repertoire, the IgM transcriptome in health and disease was explored at the complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) sequence level. Methods: 454-deep pyrosequencing in combination with a novel analysis pipeline was applied to define populations of IGHM CDRH3 sequences based on absence or presence of somatic hypermutations (SHM) in peripheral blood B cells. Results: HIV or SLE subjects have reduced biodiversity within their IGHM transcriptome compared to healthy subjects, mainly due to a significant decrease in the number of unique combinations of alleles, although recombination machinery was intact. While major differences between sequences without or with SHM occurred among all groups, IGHD and IGHJ allele use, CDRH3 length distribution, or generation of SHM were similar among study cohorts. Antiretroviral therapy failed to normalize IGHM biodiversity in HIV-infected individuals. All subjects had a low frequency of allelic combinations within the IGHM repertoire similar to known broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies. Conclusion: Polyclonal expansion would decrease overall IgM biodiversity independent of other mechanisms for development of the B cell repertoire. Applying deep sequencing as a strategy to follow development of the IgM repertoire in health and disease provides a novel molecular assessment of multiple points along the B cell differentiation pathway that is highly sensitive for detecting perturbations within the repertoire at the population level.
Broad-Spectrum Effects of 4-Aminopyridine to Modulate Amyloid β1–42-Induced Cell Signaling and Functional Responses in Human Microglia

We investigated the modulating actions of the nonselective K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on amyloid β (Aβ1–42)-induced human microglial signaling pathways and functional processes. Whole-cell patch-clamp studies showed acute application of Aβ1–42 (5 μm) to human microglia led to rapid expression of a 4-AP-sensitive, non-inactivating outwardly rectifying K+ current (IK). Intracellular application of the nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, GTPγS, induced an outward K+ current with similar properties to the Aβ1–42-induced IK including sensitivity to 4-AP (IC50 = 5 mm). Reverse transcriptase-PCR showed a rapid expression of a delayed rectifier Kv3.1 channel in Aβ1–42-treated microglia. Aβ1–42 peptide also caused a slow, progressive increase in levels of [Ca2+]i (intracellular calcium) that was partially blocked by 4-AP. Chronic exposure of human microglia to Aβ1–42 led to enhanced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor κB expression with factors inhibited by 4-AP. Aβ1–42 also induced the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, the chemokine IL-8, and the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2; 4-AP was effective in reducing all of these pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, toxicity of supernatant from Aβ1–42-treated microglia on cultured rat hippocampal neurons was reduced if 4-AP was included with peptide. In vivo, injection of Aβ1–42 into rat hippocampus induced neuronal damage and increased microglial activation. Daily administration of 1 mg/kg 4-AP was found to suppress microglial activation and exhibited neuroprotection. The overall results suggest that 4-AP modulation of an Aβ1–42-induced IK (candidate channel Kv3.1) and intracellular signaling pathways in human microglia could serve as a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Assessing semantic similarity measures for the characterization of human regulatory pathways

MOTIVATION Pathway modeling requires the integration of multiple data including prior knowledge. In this study, we quantitatively assess the application of Gene Ontology (GO)-derived similarity measures for the characterization of direct and indirect interactions within human regulatory pathways. The characterization would help the integration of prior pathway knowledge for the modeling. RESULTS Our analysis indicates information content-based measures outperform graph structure-based measures for stratifying protein interactions. Measures in terms of GO biological process and molecular function annotations can be used alone or together for the validation of protein interactions involved in the pathways. However, GO cellular component-derived measures may not have the ability to separate true positives from noise. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the functional similarity of proteins within known regulatory pathways decays rapidly as the path length between two proteins increases. Several logistic regression models are built to estimate the confidence of both direct and indirect interactions within a pathway, which may be used to score putative pathways inferred from a scaffold of molecular interactions.
Hyperaccretion after the Blandford-Znajek Process: A New Model for GRBs with X-Ray Flares Observed in Early Afterglows

We propose a three-stage model with Blandford-Znajek (BZ) and hyperaccretion process to interpret the recent observations of early afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). In the first stage, the prompt GRB is powered by a rotating black hole (BH) invoking the BZ process. The second stage is a quiet stage, in which the BZ process is shut off, and the accretion onto the BH is depressed by the torque exerted by the magnetic coupling (MC) process. Part of the rotational energy transported by the MC process from the BH is stored in the disk as magnetic energy. In the third stage, the MC process is shut off when the magnetic energy in the disk accumulates and triggers magnetic instability. At this moment, the hyperaccretion process may set in, and the jet launched in this restarted central engine generates the observed X-ray flares. This model can account for the energies and timescales of GRBs with X-ray flares observed in early afterglows.
Meta-cognitive Learning in a Fully Complex-valued Radial Basis Function Neural Network

Recent studies on human learning reveal that self-regulated learning in a meta-cognitive framework is the best strategy for efficient learning. As the machine learning algorithms are inspired by the principles of human learning, one needs to incorporate the meta-cognition concept to develop efficient machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we present such a meta-cognitive learning framework that controls the learning process of a fully complex-valued radial basis function network and is referred to as, a ‘Meta-cognitive Fully Complex-valued Radial Basis Function (Mc-FCRBF)’ network. Mc-FCRBF has two components, namely, a cognitive component containing the FCRBF network and a meta-cognitive component which regulates the learning process of FC-RBF. In every epoch, when a sample is presented to Mc-FCRBF, the meta-cognitive component decides what-to-learn, when-to-learn and how-to-learn based on the knowledge acquired by FC-RBF network and the new information contained in the sample. The Mc-FCRBF learning algorithm is described in detail and both its approximation and classification abilities are evaluated using a set of benchmark and practical problems. Performance results indicate the superior approximation and classification performance of Mc-FCRBF compared to existing methods in the literature.