Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Induces the Transcriptional Activity of MEF2 Proteins during Muscle Differentiation*

The activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) is essential for the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells by largely unknown mechanisms. Here we show that inhibition of PI3-K activity by the pharmacological agent LY294002 affects early processes of myoblast differentiation including the transcriptional activation of myogenin. Previous studies indicated that transcription of myogenin was dependent on MyoD and MEF2 proteins. We find that expression of a dominant negative form of PI3-K or growth in the presence of LY294002 inhibits cellular activity of MEF2 but not of MyoD. Evidence reveals that whereas MEF2 transcriptional activity is inhibited, its DNA binding activity remains unaffected. Recent studies demonstrated that phosphorylation by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced transcriptional activity of MEF2 proteins. We show that the phosphorylation of MEF2 occurring during muscle differentiation is prevented if the activity of PI3-K is inhibited. However, our results also indicate that p38 MAPK is not affected by PI3-K in muscle cells. Nevertheless, p38 MAPK can substitute for PI3-K in the induction of MEF2 and muscle transcription. Together, these findings indicate that PI3-K affects skeletal muscle differentiation by inducing phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of MEF2 proteins in a parallel but distinct route from p38 MAPK.
The Effect of Ellis Rational-Emotional Therapy on Reduce of Test Anxiety

Abstract Background: Test Anxiety is a worldwide phenomenon. It is a big educational problem experienced by millions of students all over the world. Researches showed that the epidemic rate of Test Anxiety of students is 30 present and their educational improvement is lower than normal students. Methods: The propose of this experimental study was to compare and analysis of Test Anxiety between the guidance school girl students that randomically divided into experimental (90 girls) and control (90 girls) groups. We used testâ€“retest method and validated Test Anxiety Inventory questionnaire was employed to assess to the data. One-way ANOVA were investigated. Findings: Comparison of groups showed the mean of pretest and posttest were significantly changed (F = 4.824, P < 0.029). In the other hand, Test Anxiety of girl students which contributed in treatment programs decreased. Conclusion: Cognitive, Rational-Emotional Therapy affected in reducing girlsâ€™ Test Anxiety. Keywords: Rational-Emotional Therapy, Test Anxiety.
Development and Field Experiments of a Generator Terminal Subsynchronous Damper

This paper presents a novel controlling device, named generator terminal subsynchronous damper (GTSSD), to mitigate subsynchronous resonance (SSR) in the power system. The proposed GTSSD consists of a multimodal complementary current calculator (MCCC) and a complementary current generator (CCG). The CCG is composed of a current tracking controller and a power-electronic converter. The rotor speed deviation of the generator is fed back to the MCCC to calculate the current references of the CCG. The outputs of CCG consist of both sub- and supersynchronous complementary current, part of which flows into the generator and creates damping torque on the rotor. The relationship between the control parameters of the GTSSD and the resultant damping improvement is derived. A 10-MVA GTSSD prototype has been developed and tested in an actual series-compensated power system. The experimental results fully demonstrate its ability to enhance torsional damping and to depress subsynchronous oscillation, proving that the GTSSD provides a new and effective approach to solve SSR problems.
Note on circular flows of graphs

In this paper, we get some sufficient conditions for graphs with circular flow index less than 4. As an immediate corollary, we give a simple proof of a result obtained recently by Galluccio and Goddyn (Combinatorica, 2002), and obtain a larger family of such graphs.
Effect of Bout Duration on Exercise Intensity and Technical Performance of Small-Sided Games in Soccer

Fanchini, M, Azzalin, A, Castagna, C, Schena, F, McCall, A, and Impellizzeri, FM. Effect of bout duration on exercise intensity and technical performance of small-sided games in soccer J Strength Cond Res 25(2): 453-458, 2011-To examine whether the increase in bout duration would affect the exercise intensity and technical actions, we manipulated bout duration during a typical small-sided game drill (SSG) in male soccer players. Nineteen players (mean ± SD: age 24 ± 4 years, body mass 74 ± 4 kg, and height 180 ± 5 cm) completed three bouts of a 3-a-side drill at three different bout durations: 2, 4, and 6 minutes. Exercise intensity was quantified using heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). A nonsignificant duration × bout interaction was found for HR (p = 0.757). Heart rates of bout 1 were significantly lower than bout 2 (p = 0.004) and bout 3 (p = 0.049). The effect of duration was close to significance for HR (p = 0.057) with 6-minute SSG significantly lower than 4-minute SSG (p = 0.004). Duration × bout interaction did not reach the significance for RPE (p = 0.096). The RPE significantly increased along the bouts (p < 0.001) but was not affected by duration (p = 0.763). No effect of duration was found for number of technical actions per minute (p > 0.111). A significant effect of bout was only found for successful passes (p = 0.018). Partially confirming our hypothesis, the increase in bout duration from 2 to 6 minutes resulted in a decrease in intensity only between the 4- and 6-min SSG. However, duration did not influence the technical actions and proficiency. The magnitude of changes in HR (89.5 vs. 87.8 of maximum) is probably not enough to induce different training adaptations. Therefore, coaches can use different bout durations with minimal impact on exercise intensity and without compromising technical proficiency.
THK's Natural Logic-based Compositional Textual Entailment Model at NTCIR-10 RITE-2

Equivalence (couch ≡ sofa) Forward-ent. (crow ⊂ bird) Backward-ent. (bird ⊃ crow) Negation (human ^ non-human) Alternation (dog | cat) Cover (animal ∪ non-human) Independence (hungry # hippo) u Originally proposed by [MacCartney and Manning 2008] u Assumption: the entailments of a compound expression are a function of the entailments of its parts (compositionality) u A transformation from T to H represents a decomposition of its parts and is represented by a set of alignment edits (insertion, deletion and substitution) u Sentence-level semantic relations are inferred from semantic relations of alignment edits
Generalized Dual-Mode Index Modulation Aided OFDM

Dual-mode index modulation aided orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DM-OFDM) is recently proposed, where subcarriers are partitioned into OFDM subblocks, divided into two groups within each subblock, and modulated by two differentiable constellation alphabets. In DM-OFDM, additional bits can be transmitted through indices of subcarriers modulated by the same constellation alphabet. In this letter, generalized DM-OFDM (GDM-OFDM) is proposed, where the number of subcarriers modulated by the same constellation mode in each subblock is alterable. By applying such enhancements, the spectral efficiency can be improved at the cost of marginal performance loss. Moreover, since the bit error rate performance of GDM-OFDM degrades at low signal-to-noise ratios, an interleaving technique is employed to address this issue. At the receiver, a maximum-likelihood detector and a reduced-complexity log-likelihood ratio detector are employed for demodulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GDM-OFDM is capable of enhancing the spectral efficiency compared with DM-OFDM at the cost of negligible performance loss, and the interleaved GDM-OFDM can harvest on performance gain over GDM-OFDM.
Poisson–Dirichlet distribution for random Belyi surfaces

Brooks and Makover introduced an approach to studying the global geometric quantities (in particular, the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian, injectivity radius and diameter) of a "typical" compact Riemann surface of large genus based on compactifying finite-area Riemann surfaces associated with random cubic graphs; by a theorem of Belyi, these are "dense" in the space of compact Riemann surfaces. The question as to how these surfaces are distributed in the Teichmuller spaces depends on the study of oriented cycles in random cubic graphs with random orientation; Brooks and Makover conjectured that asymptotically normalized cycle lengths follow Poisson-Dirichlet distribution. We present a proof of this conjecture using representation theory of the symmetric group.
Gene expression profiling of isogenic cells with different TP53 gene dosage reveals numerous genes that are affected by TP53 dosage and identifies CSPG2 as a direct target of p53

TP53 does not fully comply with the Knudson model [Knudson, A. G. , Jr. (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 820–823] in that a reduction of constitutional expression of p53 may be sufficient for tumor predisposition . This finding suggests a gene-dosage effect for p53 function. To determine whether TP53 gene dosage affects the transcriptional regulation of target genes, we performed oligonucleotide-array gene expression analysis by using human cells with wild-type p53 (p53 +/+), or with one (p53 +/−), or both (p53 −/−) TP53 alleles disrupted by homologous recombination. We identified 35 genes whose expression is significantly correlated to the dosage of TP53. These genes are involved in a variety of cellular processes including signal transduction, cell adhesion, and transcription regulation. Several of them are involved in neurogenesis and neural crest migration, developmental processes in which p53 is known to play a role. Motif search analysis revealed that of the genes highly expressed in p53 +/+ and +/− cells, several contain a putative p53 consensus binding site (bs), suggesting that they could be directly regulated by p53. Among those genes, we chose CSPG2 (which encodes versican) for further study because it contains a bona fide p53 bs in its first intron and its expression highly correlates with TP53 dosage. By using in vitro and in vivo assays, we showed CSPG2 to be directly transactivated by p53. In conclusion, we developed a strategy to demonstrate that many genes are affected by TP53 gene dosage for their expression. We report several candidate genes as potential downstream targets of p53 in nonstressed cells. Among them, CSPG2 is validated as being directly transactivated by p53. Our method provides a useful tool to elucidate additional mechanisms by which p53 exerts its functions.
Evaluation of patients with advanced cancer using the karnofsky performance status

The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was designed to measure the level of patient activity and medical care requirements. It is a general measure of patient independence and has been widely used as a general assessment of patients with cancer. Although there is a long history of use of the KPS for judging cancer patients, its reliability and validity have been assumed without formal investigation. The interrater reliability of the KPS was investigated in two ways, both of which gave evidence of moderately high reliability. The patients evaluated in their home were usually assigned a lower KPS score compared with a similar evaluation at the same time done in the outpatient clinic. Construct validity of the KPS was demonstrated by strong correlation with several variables relating to physical function. On‐study KPS scores accurately predicted early death, but high initial KPS scores did not necessarily predict long survival. Patient deterioration with subsequent death within a few months could be predicted to a limited extent by a rapidly dropping KPS. These results suggest that the KPS has considerable validity as a global indicator of the functional status of patients with cancer and might be helpful for following other patients with chronic disease.
T 3 : Rapid Prototyping of High-Resolution Tabletop Applications

Multi-person tabletop applications that require a high display resolution, such as collaborative web-browsing and collaborative spreadsheets, are currently very difficult to create. As a consequence, there has been little investigation of important tabletop applications, despite promising early results. In this position paper we present T3, a software toolkit that addresses these challenges. T3 allows researchers to rapidly create highresolution multi-person tabletop applications for co-located collaborators. It uses multiple projectors to create a single seamless high-resolution tabletop display. Furthermore, it supports existing user interface components, including buttons, web-browsers and spreadsheets, allowing the rapid creation of complex tabletop applications. We show how we have used T3 to create five novel tabletop applications that would previously have been very difficult to build.
On emotional aspects in mission-oriented opportunistic networks

In Mission-Oriented Opportunistic Networks (MOONs), the human users, who possess the mobile devices, also participate as part of the network. In this study, the authors study an aspect of human-network interplay in MOONs, by considering the effects of human emotions on the network operations. This study differs from the related existing works, which focus on detecting emotions of the users based on their activities, for example, their smart phone usage patterns. The study uses Meftah's computational model of the emotions, which itself is based on Plutchik's model. The authors model the current emotion of any user as a function of the individual's previous state of emotion and the content of the messages received by them. Specifically, the authors consider how the variation in individual emotions affect the traffic generation rate in the network. Further, they model the scenarios in which the users switch off their devices' radios, and their effects on the message delivery ratio. The results of performance evaluation show that the delivery ratio of the messages tends to zero because of increased traffic load and inactivity of the devices' radios, which, in turn, calls for efficient traffic management and forwarding schemes.
Analysis of slc19a2, on 1q23.3 encoding a thiamine transporter as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus in pima indians.

Mutations in the SLC19A2 gene cause thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) frequently combined with diabetes mellitus and deafness. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is heritable and a region on 1q21-q23 encompassing SLC19A2 was linked with the disease in Pima Indians and Caucasians. We therefore investigated this candidate gene in selected diabetic and nondiabetic Pimas and found no variants. We conclude that mutations in SLC19A2 do not contribute to type 2 diabetes in this population.
The Evolution of Altruism: A Brief Comment on Stern's "Why Do People Sacrifice for Their Nations?"

Why is altruism such an important test case for individualist theories of human behavior? The main reason is that we find it difficult to imagine what calculations persuade the individualist maximizer of self-interest to sacrifice when, though there is a benefit to the group, there is a personal loss. Obviously, the maximizer must be bamboozled into sacrificing, or must make a mistake in the calculations. The often suggested solutions are that the calculations are too difficult or that emotional appeals of one sort or another overcome the creature's rationality. The appeals of nationalists are one such. This is the line that Stern takes in his "prototheory" of sacrifice. He tells us that emotional bonds to primary groups and socially transmitted norms and rules are successful in preempting self-interest calculations because "it is easier to follow rules than to make utility calculations" (this journal, Vol. 16(2), pp. 217-235). This does go some way toward a solution, but it preserves individualism, though of a faulty and reduced kind. The extraordinary thing is that individualist approaches to human behavior still survive in spite of the evidence that people everywhere identify with schools, companies, families, nations, ethnic groups, political parties, or religious movements (Wilson & Sober, 1994). You name it and we'll join it. It's assumed that these are somehow aberrations. Why? What is the metatheory lying behind our theoretical preference for individualism? In the background is one version of an evolutionary theory which goes as follows: Individuals must calculate and if possible maximize their own interests in order to survive. Therefore, any deviation from self-interested calculation can only
Serum ZAG Levels Were Associated with eGFR Mild Decrease in T2DM Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Objective. To investigate the changes of serum zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with eGFR mild decrease. Subjects and Methods. A total of 438 T2DM patients (61.3 ± 4.0 y) were recruited and the demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters were all collected. Serum ZAG levels were determined by commercially available ELISA kits. Results. The proportion of T2DM patients with the high tertile ZAG levels was 11.9% higher in patients with mildly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (<90 mL/min/1.73 m2) than those with the low tertile ZAG levels (P = 0.038). The probability of the eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 in patients with the high ZAG levels was 94% higher than those with the low serum ZAG levels after adjusting for age, gender, and education [OR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.17–3.23), P = 0.0094]. This phenomenon was more likely to be observed in the condition of uACR ≥ 2.7 mg/mmol, WC ≥ 90 cm for men, or WC ≥ 85 cm for women. Conclusion. Serum ZAG levels were firstly found to be related with eGFR in T2DM patients. The patients with the high tertile ZAG levels were more likely to have mildly eGFR decrease, especially for female patients with higher uACR and bigger WC.
The Challenge of Integration: A Review of the M&A Integration Literature

The integration of acquired or merging firms is a key driver of the success or failure of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Over the last 30 years, a substantial body of research has addressed M&A integration, offering rich but widely dispersed insights into this phenomenon. This paper takes stock of the current knowledge, based on a review of articles published in scholarly journals. The review advances the conceptual understanding of the phenomenon by inductively developing an overarching framework for the M&A integration literature, where integration success is a function of context, structural and communication-based interventions, which interact with collective sensemaking processes and negotiations among integration stakeholders. Based on this framework, a research agenda is suggested. I proposes that, in particular, the interaction between structural interventions and leadership warrants further study. Also, little is known about integration project management and integration team composition or the interaction between integration context and collective sensemaking processes. Finally, there is a shortage of research on temporal dynamics within integration projects. The review demonstrates that M&A scholars made substantial progress regarding our understanding of the M&A integration process, yet much remains to be done.
Genetic fuzzy classifier with fuzzy rough sets for imprecise data

The main problem addressed in this paper is to handle adequately imprecision of input data by means of a combination of fuzzy methods with the rough set theory. We will make use of fuzzy rough sets derived as rough approximations of fuzzy antecedent sets by non-singleton fuzzy premise sets in a fuzzy classifier. Adaptation of the parameters of this system will be done by the standard genetic algorithm.
Alternative 3′ Pre-mRNA Processing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Modulated by Nab4/Hrp1 In Vivo

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA-binding protein Nab4/Hrp1 is a component of the cleavage factor complex required for 3′ pre-mRNA processing. Although the precise role of Nab4/Hrp1 remains unclear, it has been implicated in correct positioning of the cleavage site in vitro. Here, we show that mutation or overexpression of NAB4/HRP1 alters polyA cleavage site selection in vivo. Using bioinformatic analysis, we identified four related motifs that are statistically enriched in Nab4-associated transcripts; each motif is similar to the known binding site for Nab4/Hrp1. Site-directed mutations in predicted Nab4/Hrp1 binding elements result in decreased use of adjacent cleavage sites. Additionally, we show that the nab4-7 mutant displays a striking resistance to toxicity from excess copper. We identify a novel target of alternative 3′ pre-mRNA processing, CTR2, and demonstrate that CTR2 is required for the copper resistance phenotype in the nab4-7 strain. We propose that alternative 3′ pre-mRNA processing is mediated by a Nab4-based mechanism and that these alternative processing events could help control gene expression as part of a physiological response in S. cerevisiae.
A Light Illumination Enhancement Device for Photoacoustic Imaging: In Vivo Animal Study

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging detects acoustic signals generated by thermal expansion of a light-excited tissue or contrast agents. PA signal amplitude and image quality directly depend on the light fluence at the target depth. With conventional PA imaging systems, approximately 30% energy of incident light at the near-infrared region would be lost due to reflection on the skin surface. Such light loss directly leads to a reduction of PA signal and image quality. A new light delivery scheme that collects and redistributes reflected light energy was recently suggested, which is called the light catcher. In our previous study, proof of concept using a finite-element simulation model was shown and a laboratory-built prototype of the light catcher was applied on tissue-mimicking phantoms. In this paper, we present an elaborate prototype of a high-frequency PA probe with the light catcher fabricated using 3-D printing technology, which is conformal to a subcutaneous tumor in mice. The in vivo usefulness of the developed prototype was evaluated in a mouse tumor model. Equipped with the light catcher, PA signal amplitude from the clinical photosensitizer injected into the mouse tumor was enhanced by 33.7%, which is approximately equivalent to the percent light loss due to reflection on the skin.
Impacts of insect herbivory on cactus population dynamics: experimental demography across an environmental gradient

Understanding the role of consumers in plant population dynamics is important, both conceptually and practically. Yet, while the negative effects of herbivory on plant performance have been well documented, we know much less about how individual-level damage translates to impacts on population growth or whether spatial variation in herbivory affects patterns of plant distribution. We studied the role of insect herbivory in the dynamics and distribution of the tree cholla cactus (Opuntia imbricata), a long-lived perennial plant, across an elevational gradient in central New Mexico, USA, from low-elevation grassland (1670 m) to a grassland–mountain transition zone (1720 m) to the rocky slopes of the Los Pinos Mountains (1790 m). Tree cholla density increased significantly with elevation, while abundance of and damage by a suite of native, cactus-feeding insects decreased. We combined field experiments and demographic models to test the hypothesis that systematic spatial variation in chronic insect herbivory.