Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Research on Diniyah Formal Early Implementation in Pesantren

Introduction: The government and Islamic boarding schools strategically improve the quality of the implementation of Formal Diniyah Education, known as Formal Diniyah Education (PDF), professionally and effectively. In this regard, Islamic boarding schools and the government must prepare policies on PDF development. However, PDF in Islamic boarding schools is not optimal, so it is strategic to be evaluated as material for improving the quality of PDF in Islamic boarding schools in the future. Method: This evaluation research uses a qualitative approach by taking cases from several PDFs in the pilot project of Indonesian Islamic boarding schools. Result: Among the research findings, it is stated that: The level of PDF quality is primarily determined by the optimal level and whether PDF implementation in Islamic boarding schools is exemplary. Among the findings: the recognition of PDF in Islamic boarding schools must be accompanied by professional monitoring of the quality context of the application of PDF in Islamic boarding schools, the PDF curriculum still overlaps with Ma'had Ali's curriculum, lack of learning management and lack of optimal professional guidance for PDF, PDF achievements of non-Muslims. Academic (psychomotor) in pesantren is not too much attention. Conclusion: The government and Islamic boarding schools need to pay attention to the effectiveness of the application of PDF in Islamic boarding schools so that the quality of PDF in Islamic boarding schools is always maintained, through several strategic efforts, namely: in collaboration with the Ministry of Religion, Balitbang need to recommend to Pusdiklat and Pusdiklat, and pesantren need to pay attention to the optimal performance of students PDF at the boarding school.
On the dispersion in direction of interstellar polarization

The spatial distribution of polarization angle is summarized for 15 dark clouds that lack prominent star formation, for four star clusters embedded in dark clouds, for one evolved cluster with little associated extinction, and for six dark cloud complexes. Most clouds have either one well-defined mean direction over their spatial extent or two or three spatial zones having noticeably different mean directions. Nearly all regions have a single local maximum in their number distribution of polarization angle. Clouds with embedded clusters have a more complex distribution of polarization direction than do clouds without clusters. It is proposed that the enhanced dispersion of polarization angle in clusters may be more closely associated with young stars and/or with dense gas, than simply with the number of stars in the cluster. The greatest dispersion in direction among clouds without clusters, 0.7 radians, occurs in L1689 in Ophiuchus. 54 refs.
Analysing Researchers’ Engagement in Research Hospitals: A Pilot Study in IRCCS—Italian Research Hospitals

Despite universities in the UK, USA and Australia having developed tools and strategies to enhance academic engagement, there is a paucity of information from universities and research hospitals where conceptual and theoretical research still appears more heterogeneous. In Italy, there is a growing recognition that more needs to be done to define strategies to improve research engagement. Italian research hospitals are represented by the Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (named IRCCS from the Italian acronym of these organisations), representing the best of Italian research and the National Health Service System. This article provided a pilot description of research engagement in a representative Italian IRCCS hospital for the first time. A pilot study was developed, and a brief questionnaire was validated to explore research engagement. The identified clusters of researchers’ engagement were provided to describe an initial theory-grounded framework. Based on the perspective of research administrators and the Ministry of Health during round tables, the developed questionnaire identified two clusters of researchers’ engagement and measured “Project-oriented” and “Organisation-oriented” engagement. Among the responders, IRCCS senior researchers tended to have higher project-oriented engagement, while young researchers had slightly higher organisation-oriented engagement. The contribution of this article is a hypothesised two-level theory-grounded framework to study and improve research engagement activities and strategies in a research hospital, with the potential for an overlap with other European research institutions.
An Exploration of Relationships Between Perceptual and Cognitive Racial Biases

People are often biased in how they evaluate characteristics of individuals of different races. Some of these biases are perceptual: for example, the “race-lightness effect” demonstrates that for grayscale photos at equivalent luminance values, the faces of black individuals are frequently judged to be darker than the faces of white individuals. Other biases are cognitive: the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and direct assessments of racial attitudes demonstrate that people hold both negative implicit and explicit racial prejudices. Despite extensive literature on both topics, no study has explored the relationship between perceptual and cognitive racial biases in the same individuals in a within-subjects design. In this experiment, these relationships were explored in 28 individuals using three tasks: in one task, deemed the Race-Lightness Task (RLT), participants completed a 2-interval forced-choice procedure where they were shown pairs of faces (some with European features, some with African features) and asked to judge whether the second face was lighter or darker than the first. In a second task, individuals completed the IAT to measure their associations between race and positive/negative adjectives. Lastly, subjects answered a series of questions to measure explicit attitudes about different racial groups. While results from the RLT and IAT were uncorrelated, a significant correlation was shown between the IAT and a survey question about systemic racism. These results provide preliminary support for the independence of perception and cognition for racially based tasks, and provide insight into the pervasive nature of implicit and explicit racial prejudice.
Prediction of fMRI time series of a single voxel using radial basis function neural network

A great deal of current literature regarding functional neuroimaging has elucidated the relationships of neurons distributed all over the brain. Modern neuroimaging techniques, such as the functional MRI (fMRI), provide a convenient tool for people to study the correlation among different voxels as well as the spatio-temporal patterns of brain activity. In this study, we present a computational model using radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) to predict the fMRI voxel activation with the activation of other voxels acquired at the same time. The fMRI data from a visual images stimuli presentation experiment was separated into two sets; one was used to train the model, and the other to validate the accuracy or generalizability of the model. In the visual stimuli presentation experiment, the subject did simple one-back-repetition tasks when four categories of stimuli (houses, faces, cars, and cats) were presented. Voxel sets A and B were selected from fMRI data by two different voxel selection criterion: (1) Voxel set A are those activated for any kind of object stronger than the other three objects in regions of interest (ROIs) without correction (P=0.001); (2) Voxel set B are those activated for at least one of the categories of stimuli within the ROIs (FWE correction, P=0.05). RBF-NN regression models construct the nonlinear relationship between the activation of voxels in A and B. Our test results showed that RBF-NN can capture the nonlinear relationship existing in neurons and reveal the relationship between voxel's activation from different brain regions.
Effectiveness of the use of therapeutic bandage method in the third molar surgery: a randomized, controlled, single-blind, split-mouth

Objective: Extraction of semi-impacted or impacted, lower, third molars is one of the most performed procedures in the maxillofacial surgery, and inherent to it, there may be post-operative inflammatory response. Among the most common factors related to this response, pain, swelling, and trismus are the main ones. In this sense, therapeutic bandage has been used in the post-operative physiotherapy for several specialties so that muscular functions can be fully resumed and swelling, muscle spasms and pain reduced. Materials and Methods: The randomized, split-mouth, clinical trial was to assess 20 post-operative patients who underwent extraction of lower third molars with therapeutic bandage. Seven days after the extraction, swelling and trismus were the variables evaluated and pain was assessed according to the visual analogue scale (VAS). The Student’s t-test was used for comparison at significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). Results: With the results found, it was not possible to state that the therapeutic bandage protocol used in this study, given the evaluated signs and symptoms, were favorable, even providing greater comfort to patients. Conclusion: Therefore, we suggest that further studies should be performed in order to develop a protocol for application of therapeutic bandage for stomatognathic system. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03393533. 12/05/2017 retrospectively registered.
One-dimensional dislocations IV. Dynamics

Tho equations of motion of the one-dimensional dislocation model are studied, and all solutions representing disturbances propagated without change of form are obtained. These comprise: (i) dislocations, and regular sequences of the same, either of like or of alternating sign, travelling with velocity less than c, the characteristic wave velocity of the system; (ii) an iddislocations, and sequences of the spme, travelling with velocity greater than c; and (iii) waves of infinitesimal amplitude, belonging to two branches travelling respectively with velocities less than and greater than c. Only dislocations or sequences of dislocations of like sign, and waves of velocity less than c, correspond to stable equilibria. The dislocations exhibit ‘relativistic’ behaviour. The relevance of anti-dislocations to very fast slip in solids is considered, and rejected.
Sentiment analysis of vegan related tweets using mutual information for feature selection

Nowadays, people get increasingly attached to social media to connect with other people, to study, and to work. The presented article uses Twitter posts to better understand public opinion regarding the vegan (plant-based) diet that has traditionally been portrayed negatively on social media. However, in recent years, studies on health benefits, COVID-19, and global warming have increased the awareness of plant-based diets. The study employs a dataset derived from a collection of vegan-related tweets and uses a sentiment analysis technique for identifying the emotions represented in them. The purpose of sentiment analysis is to determine whether a piece of text (tweet in our case) conveys a negative or positive viewpoint. We use the mutual information approach to perform feature selection in this study. We chose this method because it is suitable for mining the complicated features from vegan tweets and extracting users’ feelings and emotions. The results revealed that the vegan diet is becoming more popular and is currently framed more positively than in previous years. However, the emotions of fear were mostly strong throughout the period, which is in sharp contrast to other types of emotions. Our findings place new information in the public domain, which has significant implications. The article provides evidence that the vegan trend is growing and new insights into the key emotions associated with this growth from 2010 to 2022. By gaining a deeper understanding of the public perception of veganism, medical experts can create appropriate health programs and encourage more people to stick to a healthy vegan diet. These results can be used to devise appropriate government action plans to promote healthy veganism and reduce the associated emotion of fear.
Characterization of terahertz emission from a laser-induced air plasma with a dc biased field

The generation of terahertz (THz) wave from a single-color femtosecond (fs) laser-induced air plasma with a dc biased field is studied. A systemic investigations of the THz wave polarization by changing the direction of dc biased field in parallel or perpendicular to pump pulse polarization. The results demonstrate that the THz wave generation is the sum of ponderomotive force and the dc biased field, and the external dc biased field can amplify and modulate the total THz waveform.
Automatic signature verification based on the wavelet descriptor

To extract relevant features hidden in signatures is an important step in signature verification system. A `good' feature makes it easier and more efficient to discriminate forgery signatures from genuine ones. In this research, a new technique employing the wavelet feature for automatic signature verification is proposed. Signatures can be characterized by their position information either in the time domain with a graphic tablet or in the space domain with the off-line tracing algorithm. An efficient tracing and representation algorithm for off-line signatures is considered here. First, the dynamic position function of static signatures can be recovered by a new tracing algorithm. Then, we develop a hierarchical feature extraction method to represent signatures by using the planar wavelet descriptor. The wavelet descriptor has many nice properties such as multiresolution, invariance, uniqueness, stability, and spatial localization. With the wavelet descriptor, stable, efficient and representative features are extracted from signatures. It has been demonstrated with experimental results that features described by the wavelet descriptor have a better performance than Fourier descriptors in the signature verification application. Finally, we perform extensive system evaluation, and show that the wavelet descriptor technique provides significant advantages in feature extraction and information reduction for signature verification.
Experimental validation of an analog spiking neural network with STDP learning rule in CMOS technology

We report the design in CMOS technology and the experimental characterization of an analog spiking neural network with on-chip unsupervised learning. Long-term synaptic memory is implemented using a floating-gate device in a standard 150 nm CMOS process. The neurons are operated with a voltage supply of only 0.4V, allowing an extremely low power dissipation with an energy dissipation per synaptic operation of about 55 fJ. The CMOS chip includes the circuits for implementing real-time learning of the network based on the Spike Time Dependent Plasticity algorithm. During the learning, the neurons produce pulses of ±4.5 V that change the synaptic weight by activating tunneling currents to change the charge in the floating gates.
Effect of Bulk Density on Reaction Propagation in Nanothermites and Micron Thermites

The thermite reaction of nanoscale aluminum and molybdenum trioxide particles has revealed a paradoxical relationship between Al particle size and mixture bulk density. Specifically, with micron-scale Al particles, the thermite demonstrates an expected growth in flame speed with increased density, but nanoscale-Al-particle mixtures exhibit an opposing trend. This paper presents new experimental measurements of the thermal properties of this thermite as a function of Al particle size and applies a new oxidation mechanism in an effort to explain the paradoxical results between Al particle size and mixture bulk density. Results show that the nanocomposite's behavior is consistent with a new melt-dispersion oxidation mechanism and convective mode of flame propagation. Compaction-induced damage of the oxide shell and distortion of the shape of spherical particles, as well as reduced free space around Al nanoparticles suppress the melt-dispersion mechanism and reduce flame speed. An additional mode of energy transfer is proposed that is associated with molten Al clusters from the melt-dispersion mechanism that advance faster than the flame velocity. Micron-scale particle reactions may be governed by diffusion such that increased bulk density coincides with increased thermal properties and increased flame speeds.
Thermal Properties of Porous Silicon Nanomaterials

The thermal properties, including the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, effusivity, diffusivity, and phonon density of states of silicon-based nanomaterials are analyzed using a molecular dynamics calculation. These quantities are calculated in more detail for bulk silicon, porous silicon, and a silicon aerocrystal (aerogel), including the passivation of the porous internal surfaces with hydrogen, hydroxide, and oxygen ions. It is found that the heat capacity of these materials increases monotonically by up to 30% with an increase in the area of the porous inner surface and upon its passivation with these ions. This phenomenon is explained by a shift of the phonon density of states of the materials under study to the low-frequency region. In addition, it is shown that the thermal conductivity of the investigated materials depends on the degree of their porosity and can be changed significantly upon the passivation of their inner surface with different ions. It is demonstrated that, in the various simulated types of porous silicon, the thermal conductivity changes by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared with the value for bulk silicon. At the same time, it is found that the nature of the passivation of the internal nanosilicon surfaces affects the thermal conductivity. For example, the passivation of the surfaces with hydrogen does not significantly change this parameter, whereas a passivation with oxygen ions reduces it by a factor of two on average, and passivation with hydroxyl ions increases the thermal conductivity by a factor of 2–3. Similar trends are observed for the thermal effusivities and diffusivities of all the types of nanoporous silicon under passivation, but, in that case, the changes are weaker (by a factor of 1.5–2). The ways of tuning the thermal properties of the new nanostructured materials are outlined, which is important for their application.
Revisiting transverse optical binding

In their pioneering work, Burns et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1233 (1989)] discovered a laser-induced optical interaction between dielectric microparticles dispersed in water. This interaction occurred in the plane transversal to the laser beam and, interestingly, induced bound pairs of particles. Accordingly, the observed phenomenon was termed "transverse optical binding" (TOB). Burns et al. argued that TOB arises from coherently induced electric dipoles in the microspheres. Indeed, this explanation verified the experimental observation that the spatial periodicity of the TOB interaction matched the laser wavelength in water. However, relatively little experimental evidence has been provided, to date, for both the strength and functional dependence of this effect on the particle distance. In our study, we used an experimental method which allowed us to directly measure the TOB interaction. As a result, we found that this interaction is surprisingly long-ranged.
On species frequency models

SUMMARY An extension of the negative binomial model as a species frequency distribution is given by allowing the shape parameter k to take values between -1 and 0. Different estimation methods are assessed for this extended negative binomial model and the logarithmic series model. Tables for standard errors are given. Many successful attempts have been made to fit mathematical models to populations of many species. Fisher's logarithmic series model (Fisher, Corbet & Williams, 1943), Preston's log normal model (Preston, 1948), the negative binomial model (Brian, 1953) and McArthur's broken stick model (McArthur, 1957) have all proved useful, giving a reasonably good fit to biological data. The purpose of this paper is to give an extension of the negative binomial model by allowing the parameter, usually symbolized by k, to take values between - 1 and 0, and to assess different estimation methods for this extended negative binomial model and the logarithmic series model. The extended model seems to fit well in situations where the negative binomial fails and has usually been substituted by the log normal model, which is more complicated to handle mathematically.
Minimization Algorithms Making Use of Non-quadratic Properties of the Objective Function

This paper proposes modifications to the matrix updating formulae used in the FletcherPowell (1963), Broyden (1970) and Fletcher (1970) methods for function minimization, and discusses some properties of these modified formulae. A function minimization algorithm incorporating the new expressions has been programmed and the results of tests with some well-known functions are reported.
Inhibition of Aflatoxin B1 Synthesis in Aspergillus flavus by Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extracts: Relation with Extract Antioxidant Capacity and Fungal Oxidative Stress Response Modulation

Plant extracts may represent an ecofriendly alternative to chemical fungicides to limit aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of foods and feeds. Mate (Ilex paraguariensis), rosemary (Romarinus officinalis) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) are well known for their beneficial properties, which are mainly related to their richness in bioactive phenolic compounds. AFB1 production is inhibited, with varying efficiency, by acetone/water extracts from these three plants. At 0.45 µg dry matter (DM)/mL of culture medium, mate and green tea extracts were able to completely inhibit AFB1 production in Aspergillus flavus, and rosemary extract completely blocked AFB1 biosynthesis at 3.6 µg DM/mL of culture medium. The anti-AFB1 capacity of the extracts correlated strongly with their phenolic content, but, surprisingly, no such correlation was evident with their antioxidative ability, which is consistent with the ineffectiveness of these extracts against fungal catalase activity. Anti-AFB1 activity correlated more strongly with the radical scavenging capacity of the extracts. This is consistent with the modulation of SOD induced by mate and green tea in Aspergillus flavus. Finally, rutin, a phenolic compound present in the three plants tested in this work, was shown to inhibit AFB1 synthesis and may be responsible for the anti-mycotoxin effect reported herein.
Elastic Moduli of GaAs at Moderate Pressures and the Evaluation of Compression to 250 kbar

Ultrasonic wave velocities in GaAs have been measured at 25°C as a function of hydrostatic pressure. The adiabatic ``zero‐electric‐field'' stiffness moduli calculated from these velocities are as follows: c11=1.1877± 0.0006, c12=0.5372±0.0009, c44=0.5944±0.0003. All moduli are in units of 1012 dyn/cm2 and are based on a density of 5.3169 g/cm3 taken as exact with respect to estimates of errors. Hydrostatic pressure derivatives for c11, c12, and c44, are, respectively, 4.63±0.03, 4.42±0.05, and 1.10±0.02. From the isothermal bulk modulus (BT) of 746.6 kbar and its pressure derivative (∂BT/∂P) of 4.67 calculated using the above data, the static compression of GaAs has been computed to a pressure of 250 kbar.