Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate and Efficient HTML Differencing

Recognizing the differences between subsequent versions of HTML documents is an important problem. It is useful for managers of multi-authored Web sites who need to review and approve the changes to their Web-site content. It is also necessary for users who want to be able to easily recognize changes to the pages they visit regularly. Comparing HTML documents at the lexical level, as if they were regular text documents, is neither informative nor intuitive. Instead, their internal tree structure has to be taken into account. In this paper, we discuss VDiff an algorithm we have developed for HTML differencing, based on the Zhang-Shasha tree-edit distance algorithm. Our algorithm reports which nodes in the two compared documents match, have been deleted (inserted) from(in) the original (subsequent) document, or have been, moved in the HTML structure. We have evaluated the accuracy and performance of our algorithm with a case study
Dyna ( k ) : A Multi-Step Dyna Planning

Dyna planning is an efficient way of learning from real and imaginary experience. Existing tabular and linear Dyna algorithms are single-step, because an “imaginary” feature is predicted only one step into the future. In this paper, we introduce a multi-step Dyna planning that predicts more steps into the future. Multi-step Dyna is able to figure out a sequence of multi-step results when a real instance happens, given that the instance itself, or a similar experience has been imagined (i.e., simulated from the model) and planned. Our multi-step Dyna is based on a multi-step model, which we call the λ-model. The λ-model interpolates between the onestep model and an infinite-step model, and can be learned efficiently online. The multistep Dyna algorithm, Dyna(k), uses the λmodel to generate predictions k steps ahead of the imagined feature, and applies TD on this imaginary multi-step transitioning.
Curvelet Transform and its Application in Seismic Data Denoising

Curvelet transform is a new multi-scale transform developed upon wavelet transform. Beside scale and position, its constructive factors still include directions. All these make curvelet transform have a better directional characteristic. Based on these properties, we transform seismic data into curvelet domain, apply a window-shrinking algorithm to attenuate the random noises and improve the quality of seismic data finally. Both model and real data all obtain good results. It is available and necessary to set shrinking window size as 3*3 or 5*5 and the value of σ as 6-7% of maximum amplitude in seismic data denoising.
Motion estimation from range images in dynamic outdoor scenes

Object-class independent motion estimation from range data is a challenging task. We present here a novel approach that is able to derive a dense motion field based on range images only. We propose to first segment the range image into segments using a recently proposed segmentation criterion. Motion is then estimated segment-wise with full 6 degrees of freedom. To that end, we introduce dynamic mapping, i.e. the accumulation of measurements for moving objects. We show experimentally that the approach is able to deliver a dense motion field which can then be used for object-class independent trajectory estimation.
Department chairs as change agents

Change process research often discusses barriers that impede organizational change (e.g., Banta, 1997; Cavacuiti and Locke, 2013; Mutchler, 1990; Stewart et al., 2012); however, no empirical research has addressed how behaviors established in leadership models counteract these barriers. This study explored these two interconnected constructs of leadership and change in stories of secondary school department chair change attempts, and identified specific leadership behaviors described within their stories that aided the conversion of change barriers into conditions that enhanced the change process. Leadership behavior identification within department chair stories of change was guided by Blake and Mouton’s (1962) leadership theory, which has been further delineated by Yukl et al. (2002), and identification of change process barriers was guided by Ely’s (1990a) eight conditions for change. From the combined descriptions of six successful and four unsuccessful narratives of department chair-led change emerged essential conditions for change and commonly occurring change barriers. Specific leadership behaviors capable of overcoming these change barriers were also identified. Unexpectedly, this investigation also unearthed a change barrier seemingly unrelated to previously identified conditions of change: the contentious resistor. The contentious resistor was described as the most detrimental barrier to department chairs’ leadership of the change process.
Advances in gene therapy and immunotherapy for brain tumors

Purpose of reviewTreatments for malignant glioma, the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, are undergoing a dramatic evolution led by biological and technological advancements. This review focuses on developments in novel areas of gene therapy and immunotherapy, particularly vaccine development. Recent findingsAdvances in basic research of antigen-presenting cells and applications of cytokines and immunogenic antigens have contributed to recent vaccine development for the treatment of intracranial malignant glioma. We have reviewed various vaccine designs, such as utilization of tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells. Many immunotherapeutic manipulations require the use of recombinant genetic technologies. Here we present the findings on improved techniques for suicide gene therapy and various oncolytic viral therapies. Some of these constructs have induced an immune response at tumor sites in animal models of glioma. SummaryThe intense investigation of therapies for glioma has made significant advances in designing diverse therapies with great potential. However, vaccine development has been hampered by the lack of universal tumor-specific antigens and a limited understanding of the mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression. The success of gene therapy is limited by ineffective delivery systems and possible risk of infecting normal cells. As a result of the genetic heterogeneity of glioma cells and their invasive nature, future treatment approaches are likely to combine different agents in synergistic strategies that will hopefully be successful in stopping the growth and recurrence of glioma.
User grouping method for downlink beamforming in massive MIMO system

Base station (BS) can transmit directional beams towards specific users by downlink beamforming. However, the inter-beam interference can affect the achievable capacity severely. In this paper, we propose a user grouping method for downlink beamforming in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Our method aims to group users according to the severity of inter-beam interference: users which won't cause serious inter-beam interference are allocated into the identical group while users that cause serious inter-beam interference are distributed into different groups. By such method, users in identical group are served simultaneously while users in different groups are served in different time slots.Then we demonstrate that downlink beamforming using our method achieves better performance than using conventional SDM scheme by simulation.
Introduction to Braided Geometry and $q$-Minkowski Space

We present a systematic introduction to the geometry of linear braided spaces. These are versions of $\R^n$ in which the coordinates $x_i$ have braid-statistics described by an R-matrix. From this starting point we survey the author's braided-approach to $q$-deformation: braided differentiation, exponentials, Gaussians, integration and forms, i.e. the basic ingredients for $q$-deformed physics are covered. The braided approach includes natural $q$-Euclidean and $q$-Minkowski spaces in R-matrix form.
Robust Exception Handling in an Asynchronous Environment

While distributed computing is becoming more and more mainstream, it becomes apparent that error handling is an aspect that deserves more attention. We place ourselves in the context of distributed objects, and we try to hide the network behind the usual remote method call semantic. More precisely, we concentrate on the case where method calls are asynchronous, which complicates the error handling. We start with a state of the art in this research field, and then propose our approach, detailing the problems we faced and how we solved them. Our achievement was to provide the well-known way of handling exceptions using the try/catch construction to programs written using asynchronous method calls. Unfortunately, the usage is not totally transparent because of Java limitations. The main part of the approach is to build an exception mask stack following the Java one.
Online Voting Project - New Developments in the Voting System and Consequently Implemented Improvement in the Representation of Legal Principles

For several years, T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH has been researching the creation of a highly secure voting system that meets the latest cryptological standards. With exclusive responsibility for the W.I.E.N (Wahlen in elektronischen Netzwerken, Voting in electronic networks) research project supported by the government since 2005, T-Systems are studying the implementation of online voting in non-parliamentary elections. The voting system previously designed in this project was subjected to a thorough review by a renowned cryptologist from a German university in the summer of 2005. Some encryption processes were then modified, resulting in a highly secure voting protocol with the provisional working title of t-voting, which is simpler and quicker to implement. By adding important new steps within the core architecture, the strenuously disputed claims to the publicness of voting and its transparency are demonstrated. A public notice displayed on the bulletin board gives voters an overview of votes cast. Considering that online voting is seen as an alternative to postal voting, this actually increases the element of being “public”. The principle of universality is augmented in online voting as the access options are simplified, which means that more voters can participate in the election.
RECOGNITION AND AGE PREDICTION WITH DIGITAL IMAGES OF MISSING CHILDREN

Principal Components Analysis is a dimensionality reduction technique that determines eigenvectors (principal components) and corresponding eigenvalues from the covariance matrix of a data set. The eigenvectors that do not contribute much to scatter are truncated without excessive data loss. The remaining eigenvectors represent a new coordinate system in lower dimensional space, allowing a more compact and efficient representation of the original data. In this project, we age-progress digital face images of children by applying PCA to training images that maps young to aged faces. Once we compute the principal components from the training images, we project an input image onto the principal components to obtain a weight vector. The coefficients of the weight vector represent proportions of each corresponding principal component needed to approximately reconstruct the original input image by a weighted summation. We want the weight vector to be in close proximity to a cluster of projected training images. As a result, the reconstructed image should capture the aged features by resembling a weighted average result. In this report, we explain the mathematical derivation of PCA, and the eigenface approach that applies PCA to image data. We then cover the design and development of our age progression program that applies PCA to grayscale images of whole faces. Next, we discuss the extension of the program to support color images, and a feature-based approach to age progression. Finally, we show results of tests performed to evaluate the performance of the age progression program using various training image sets of young and aged face images.
Assessment of Predictors for Early Resistance to Hepatitis C Virus Treatment

The current standard of treatment for HCV is the combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Response to therapy is influenced by different factors related to virus or host characteristics. In this study we detected HCV genotype in some patients with chronic HCV infection—who received interferon plus ribavirin therapy and evaluating some risk factors in early resistance to treatment. These risk factors included age, gender, ALT& AST levels, HCV viral load & genotype. This study included 60 patients with chronic HCV infection and subjected to PEG-INF plus RBV therapy. 40 (gp I) had developed resistance after 12 weeks; while group II are the responders. on comparing patients in group I n = 40 (who developed resistance) to patients in group 2, no = 20 (responders), it has been found that the most important risk factors for developing resistance are the increased viral load of HCV-RNA, and AST.HCV-genotype as a risk factor was significantly higher among cases with genotype 1 and 4 and P value was 0.004. This was followed by ALT and AFP as risk factors with P value 0.004 for each and age with P value 0.026. However, regarding sex of the patients there was no significant difference between group I and II. In conclusion: the most frequent HCV genotype in resistant group were genotype I and IV, while in responder patient were genotype 2 & 3. The most important risk factor in this study is viral load and HCV genotype.
340 years of atmospheric circulation characteristics reconstructed from an eastern Antarctic Peninsula ice core

Precipitation delivery mechanisms for Dolleman Island (DI), located off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, are investigated using reanalysis and back trajectory data. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and ENSO are both shown to influence precipitation delivery and event size. Precipitation delivery variability is compared against the interannual variation of chemical data from two DI ice cores. Nitrate concentration in the cores is strongly linked with the ratio of easterly to westerly back trajectories arriving at DI, as described by a Cross‐Peninsula Index (CPI) defined in this paper. This CPI is used subsequently to reconstruct the atmospheric circulation characteristics for the 340‐year ice core record. The analysis highlights a period of increased easterlies during 1720–1780 and an increase in westerlies for 1950–1980, the latter concomitant with a positive SAM trend and western Peninsula warming. The reconstruction also reveals periods when polynyas may have been present in the Weddell Sea.
Crowdsourcing for Rating Image Aesthetic Appeal: Better a Paid or a Volunteer Crowd?

Crowdsourcing has the potential to become a preferred tool to study image aesthetic appeal preferences of users. Nevertheless, some reliability issues still exist, partially due to the sometimes doubtful commitment of paid workers to perform the rating task properly. In this paper we compare the reliability in scoring image aesthetic appeal of both a paid and a volunteer crowd. We recruit our volunteers through Facebook and our paid users via Microworkers. We conclude that, whereas volunteer participants are more likely to leave the rating task unfinished, when they complete it they do so more reliably than paid users.
Sensemymood: uma aplicação móvel para identificação dos estados emocionais na cidade

4. Conclusões A Psicologia Ambiental demonstrou já que cada local tem um impacto emocional (Canter et al., 1988; Clayton, 2012) em que lá passa ou o visita, seja em vinculação ou em sentimento de insegurança (Brantingham & Brantingham, 1981). Atualmente a tecnologia invadiu o nosso dia-a-dia (Rosen et al.,2015), existindo aplicações para telemóveis capazes de medir o comportamento. Descreve-se a aplicação e resultados preliminares do projeto SenseMyMood, que mede estados emocionais através de curtos questionários esporádicos apresentados em telemóveis.
Understanding differences among coding club students

Scholars and instructors have been carrying out a multitude of actions to increase students' interest in computer science during the past years. Still, there is a need for knowledge on how these attempts develop student interest. In this qualitative study, we construct illustrative categories out of students who have attended our K-12 coding club and game programming summer course activities. We found four categories: Inactivity, Lack of self-direction, Experimenting, and Professionalism. We also briefly project this abstraction onto a four-phase model of interest development.
Output feedback control of a class of time-delay nonlinear systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of global stabilization by output feedback for a class of time-delay nonlinear systems that are dominated by a triangular system satisfying linear growth condition. By constructing the appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals (LKF), the linear and memoryless output feedback controller making the closed-loop system globally asymptotically stable (GAS) is explicitly constructed. An example is given to show that the proposed design procedures are very simple and efficient.
2 The Finite Differences Algorithm and Common Coding Faults

This chapter presents the PARTYPES framework to statically verify C programs that use the Message Passing Interface, the widely used standard for message-based parallel applications. Programs are checked against a protocol specification that captures the interaction in an MPI program. The protocol language is based on a dependent type system that is able to express various MPI communication primitives, including point-to-point and collective operations. The verification uses VCC, a mechanical verifier for concurrent C programs. It takes the program protocol written in VCC format, an annotated version of the MPI library, and the program to verify, and checks whether the program complies with the protocol.
NOTCH blockade combined with radiation therapy and temozolomide prolongs survival of orthotopic glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults. The current standard of care includes surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Treatment often fails due to the radiation resistance and intrinsic or acquired TMZ resistance of a small percentage of cells with stem cell-like behavior (CSC). The NOTCH signaling pathway is expressed and active in human glioblastoma and NOTCH inhibitors attenuate tumor growth in vivo in xenograft models. Here we show using an image guided micro-CT and precision radiotherapy platform that a combination of the clinically approved NOTCH/γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) RO4929097 with standard of care (TMZ + RT) reduces tumor growth and prolongs survival compared to dual combinations. We show that GSI in combination with RT and TMZ attenuates proliferation, decreases 3D spheroid growth and results into a marked reduction in clonogenic survival in primary and established glioma cell lines. We found that the glioma stem cell marker CD133, SOX2 and Nestin were reduced following combination treatments and NOTCH inhibitors albeit in a different manner. These findings indicate that NOTCH inhibition combined with standard of care treatment has an anti-glioma stem cell effect which provides an improved survival benefit for GBM and encourages further translational and clinical studies.
Enriched syntax-based meaning representation for answer extraction

In Question Answering a major challenge is the fact that similar meaning is very often expressed with different surface realizations in questions and in sentences containing the answer. In this paper we propose an enriched syntax-based representation which helps deal with this widespread variability and provides a degree of generalization. We encode uncertainty about the syntactic structure of the question by using multiple alternative dependency parse trees. We then augment the question meaning representation by including multiple paraphrases of each dependency path, derived from distributional analysis of a large corpus.
Protein Design in a Lattice Model of Hydrophobic and Polar Amino Acids

A general strategy is described for finding which amino acid sequences have native states in a desired conformation (inverse design). The approach is used to design sequences of 48 hydrophobic and polar amino acids on three-dimensional lattice structures. Previous studies employing a sequence-space Monte Carlo technique resulted in the successful design of one sequence in ten attempts. The present work also entails the exploration of conformations that compete significantly with the target structure for being its ground state. The design procedure is successful in all the ten cases.
Mechanisms of Brain Aging Regulation by Insulin: Implications for Neurodegeneration in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Insulin and IGF seem to be important players in modulating brain aging. Neurons share more similarities with islet cells than any other human cell type. Insulin and insulin receptors are diffusely found in the brain, especially so in the hippocampus. Caloric restriction decreases insulin resistance, and it is the only proven mechanism to expand lifespan. Conversely, insulin resistance increases with age, obesity, and sedentarism, all of which have been shown to be risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hyperphagia and obesity potentiate the production of oxidative reactive species (ROS), and chronic hyperglycemia accelerates the formation of advanced glucose end products (AGEs) in (pre)diabetes—both mechanisms favoring a neurodegenerative milieu. Prolonged high cerebral insulin concentrations cause microvascular endothelium proliferation, chronic hypoperfusion, and energy deficit, triggering β-amyloid oligomerization and tau hyperphosphorylation. Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) seems to be the main mechanism in clearing β-amyloid from the brain. Hyperinsulinemic states may deviate IDE utilization towards insulin processing, decreasing β-amyloid degradation.
Template-based Nepali Natural Handwritten Alphanumeric Character Recognition

In this paper, we explore the efficacy of various stroke-based handwriting analysis strategies in classifring Nepalese handwritten alphanumeric characters by using a template-based approach. Writing units are variable from time to time, even within the drawings of a specific character from the same user. Writing units include the properties of stroke such as, number, shape and size, order and writing speed. We propose to use structural properties of writing samples having such variability in writing units. We employ a "Dynamic Time Warping" (DTW) algorithm to align two on-line handwritten strokes and to estimate the similarity. We use two different features for stroke identification, a sequence of direction at every pen-tip position along the pen trajectory and inclusion of pen-tip position with the direction as the feature of the stroke. For each fype of feature, two different systems are trained by using both original and pre-processed samples. To evaluate the system, we collected examples of 46 different alphanumeric characters from 25 Nepalese natives, and then performed a series ofdifferent experiments. Use ofspecific-stroke pre-processing and a sequence of both pen-tip position and slope at every position as a feature of a stroke, yield improved results, which are confidently supported by a five-fold cross validation. The superiority of the present work over several related works on Devanagari script, is the recognition ofstroke number and stroke order free natural handwritten alphanumeric characters.