Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Indexing Method Based on Sentences

Traditional indexing methods often record physical positions for the specified words, thus fail to recognize context information. We suggest that Chinese text index should work on the layer of sentences. This paper presents an indexing method based on sentences and demonstrates how to use this method to help compute the mutual information of word pairs in a running text. It brings many conveniences to work of natural language processing.
Reconstruction and location of fractional revivals of coherent state wave-packets for potentials associated with exceptional Xm Jacobi-polynomials

Gazeau-Klauder coherent states of the extended trigonometric Scarf potential, underlying the quadratic energy spectrum and associated with Jacobi-type Xm exceptional orthogonal polynomials P(a,b,m) n (x), are constructed. The temporal evolution of wave-packet coherent states are performed by means of an autocorrelation function and the full revival properties are investigated in the usual time-domain analysis. This latter seems to be less useful for describing the fractional revivals due to the complicated nature of coherent wave-packet. Fortunately the autocorrelation function revels a little signature of fractional revivals at the vicinity of quarters of the revival time Trev due to the quadratic energy spectrum and the use of the wavelet-based time-frequency analysis of the autocorrelation function provides an analytical and numerical observation of the fractional revivals at different orders of the system.
Mathematics and evolutionary biology make bioinformatics education comprehensible

The patterns of variation within a molecular sequence data set result from the interplay between population genetic, molecular evolutionary and macroevolutionary processes—the standard purview of evolutionary biologists. Elucidating these patterns, particularly for large data sets, requires an understanding of the structure, assumptions and limitations of the algorithms used by bioinformatics software—the domain of mathematicians and computer scientists. As a result, bioinformatics often suffers a ‘two-culture’ problem because of the lack of broad overlapping expertise between these two groups. Collaboration among specialists in different fields has greatly mitigated this problem among active bioinformaticians. However, science education researchers report that much of bioinformatics education does little to bridge the cultural divide, the curriculum too focused on solving narrow problems (e.g. interpreting pre-built phylogenetic trees) rather than on exploring broader ones (e.g. exploring alternative phylogenetic strategies for different kinds of data sets). Herein, we present an introduction to the mathematics of tree enumeration, tree construction, split decomposition and sequence alignment. We also introduce off-line downloadable software tools developed by the BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium to help students learn how to interpret and critically evaluate the results of standard bioinformatics analyses.
Determinants and Outcomes of Decision-Making, Group Coordination and Social Interactions during a Foraging Experiment in a Wild Primate

Social animals have to coordinate joint movements to maintain group cohesion, but the latter is often compromised by diverging individual interests. A widespread behavioral mechanism to achieve coordination relies on shared or unshared consensus decision-making. If consensus costs are high, group fission represents an alternative tactic. Exploring determinants and outcomes of spontaneous group decisions and coordination of free-ranging animals is methodologically challenging. We therefore conducted a foraging experiment with a group of wild redfronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons) to study decision outcomes, coordination of movements, individual foraging benefits and social interactions in response to the presentation of drinking platforms with varying baiting patterns. Behavioral observations were complemented with data from recordings of motion detector cameras installed at the platforms. The animal's behavior in the experimental conditions was compared to natural group movements. We could not determine the type of consensus decision-making because the group visited platforms randomly. The group fissioned during 23.3% of platform visits, and fissioning resulted in more individuals drinking simultaneously. As under natural conditions, adult females initiated most group movements, but overtaking by individuals of different age and sex classes occurred in 67% of movements to platforms, compared to only 18% during other movements. As a result, individual resource intake at the platforms did not depend on departure position, age or sex, but on arrival order. Aggression at the platforms did not affect resource intake, presumably due to low supplanting rates. Our findings highlight the diversity of coordination processes and related consequences for individual foraging benefits in a primate group living under natural conditions.
Comparison of Direct Site Endovascular Repair Utilizing Expandable PTFE Stent Grafts Vs. Standard Vascular Shunts in a Porcine (Sus Scrofa) Model.

INTRODUCTION The small diameter of temporary vascular shunts for vascular trauma management may restrict flow and result in ischemia or early thrombosis. We have previously reported a clinical experience with direct, open surgical reconstruction using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) stent grafts to create a "sutureless" anastomosis as an alternative to standard temporary vascular shunts. We sought to characterize patency and flow characteristics of these grafts compared to standard shunts in a survival model of porcine vascular injury. METHODS 12 Yorkshire-cross swine received a 2cm long near-circumferential defect in the bilateral iliac arteries. A14-French Argyle shunt was inserted into one randomly assigned artery, with a self-expanding ePTFE stent deployed in the other. At 72 hours, conduit patency was evaluated by angiography. Arterial flow measurements were obtained at baseline, immediately after intervention, and after 72 hours via direct measurement with perivascular flow meters. Blood pressure proximal and distal to the conduits and arterial samples for histopathology were obtained during the terminal procedure. RESULTS Angiography revealed no difference in patency at 72 hours (P=1.0). While there was no difference in baseline arterial flow between arteries (P=0.63), the stent grafts demonstrated significantly improved blood flow compared to shunts both immediately after intervention (390±36mL/min vs 265±25mL/min, p=0.002) and at 72 hours (261±29mL/min vs 170±36mL/min, p=0.005). The pressure gradient across the shunts was greater than that of the stent grafts (11.5mmHg IQR[3-19] vs. 3mmHg IQR[3-5], p=0.013). The speed of deployment was similar between the two devices. CONCLUSION Open "sutureless" direct site repair using commercially available stent grafts to treat vascular injury is a technically feasible strategy for damage control management of peripheral vascular injury and offers increased blood flow when compared to temporary shunts. Furthermore, stent grafts may offer improved durability to extend the window until definitive vascular repair. The combination of these traits may improve outcomes after vascular injury. STUDY TYPE Therapeutic LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I.
SUPERIOR'S UPWARD INFLUENCE, SATISFACTION, AND OPENNESS IN SUPERIOR-SUBORDINATE COMMUNICATION: A REEXAMINATION OF THE “PELZ EFFECT”

Utilizing questionnaire data collected from subordinates (Ss) in three different organizations, this study reexamined the validity of the “Pelz Effect. ” Specifically, the investigation explored the House et al. assertion that, for subordinates who perceive their supervisors as supportive leaders, there exists a curvilinear rather than positive linear association between supervisors’ upward influence and subordinates’ openness and satisfaction with supervision. Results, in general, did not support the House et al. position, but rather Pelz's original findings. However, analyses suggest the additional conclusion that the “Pelz Effect” is viable for subordinates who perceive their superiors as supportive or nonsupportive leaders, but has its greatest effects for subordinates in the former group.
Antimicrobial activity of Ro 23-9424, a novel ester-linked codrug of fleroxacin and desacetylcefotaxime

Ro 23-9424 is a novel ester-linked codrug of fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240; AM-833) and the cefotaxime metabolite desacetylcefotaxime. Its potency was determined against over 1,000 organisms and found to be intermediate between those of the two components. More than 99% of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by greater than or equal micrograms of Ro 23-9424 per ml; its MIC for 50% of strains tested ranged from greater than or equal to 0.06 to 1 micrograms/ml. Staphylococci, streptococci, Branhamella catarrhalis, Corynebacterium jeikeium, Bacillus spp. , Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, and the pathogenic Neisseria spp. , including oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase-producing strains, and penicillin-resistant pneumococci, were also inhibited by Ro 23-9424. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp. , and Bacteroides fragilis group isolates were more refractory to Ro 23-9424 (the MIC for 90% of strains tested was less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml). Overall, Ro 23-9424 inhibited 97% of the aerobic strains, compared with 90% for ceftazidime and 92% for cefoperazone. Ro 23-9424 was bactericidal, was relatively stable to inoculum effects on MICs at 10(7) CFU/ml, and was determined to be highly active against organisms resistant to fluoroquinolones or ceftazidime. Preliminary quality control guidelines were determined, and a 30-micrograms disk concentration appears to be the most usable form.
Continuation pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse following electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is highly effective for treatment of major depression, but naturalistic studies show a high rate of relapse after discontinuation of ECT. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of continuation pharmacotherapy with nortriptyline hydrochloride or combination nortriptyline and lithium carbonate in preventing post-ECT relapse. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from 1993 to 1998, stratified by medication resistance or presence of psychotic depression in the index episode. SETTING Two university-based hospitals and 1 private psychiatric hospital. PATIENTS Of 290 patients with unipolar major depression recruited through clinical referral who completed an open ECT treatment phase, 159 patients met remitter criteria; 84 remitting patients were eligible and agreed to participate in the continuation study. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to receive continuation treatment for 24 weeks with placebo (n = 29), nortriptyline (target steady-state level, 75-125 ng/mL) (n = 27), or combination nortriptyline and lithium (target steady-state level, 0.5-0.9 mEq/L) (n = 28). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Relapse of major depressive episode, compared among the 3 continuation groups. RESULTS Nortriptyline-lithium combination therapy had a marked advantage in time to relapse, superior to both placebo and nortriptyline alone. Over the 24-week trial, the relapse rate for placebo was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70%-99%); for nortriptyline, 60% (95% CI, 41%-79%); and for nortriptyline-lithium, 39% (95% CI, 19%-59%). All but 1 instance of relapse with nortriptyline-lithium occurred within 5 weeks of ECT termination, while relapse continued throughout treatment with placebo or nortriptyline alone. Medication-resistant patients, female patients, and those with more severe depressive symptoms following ECT had more rapid relapse. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that without active treatment, virtually all remitted patients relapse within 6 months of stopping ECT. Monotherapy with nortriptyline has limited efficacy. The combination of nortriptyline and lithium is more effective, but the relapse rate is still high, particularly during the first month of continuation therapy.
Culturas Políticas em Angola e Moçambique. Elementos para uma agenda de investigação

O objectivo deste apontamento e duplo. Por um lado, pretende chamar a atencao para a importância de a analise dos processos politicos em Africa incluir a dimensao subjectiva, captada por meio de instrumentos adequados. Por outro lado, apresenta elementos recolhidos atraves de entrevistas abertas, durante a fase exploratoria de uma pesquisa sobre as culturas politicas contemporâneas em Angola e Mocambique. Referindo o destaque dado pelos entrevistados aos valores politicos e a diferentes tipos de representacoes sociais sobre o politico, e as atitudes afectivas que resultam de ambos, o texto assinala as diferencas tendenciais existentes entre os dois paises abrangidos, e formula conclusoes genericas para a investigacao sistematica que se pretende levar a efeito.
A multiple-classifier system for recognition of printed mathematical symbols

This paper deals with recognition of printed mathematical symbols. A group of classifiers arranged hierarchically is used to achieve robust recognition of the large number of symbols appearing in expressions. The classifier used at the top level employs stroke-based classification technique to recognize some of the frequently occurring symbols. The second level uses three classifiers to recognize the rest of the expression symbols. Different combination techniques have been attempted to integrate the second level classifiers to achieve high recognition accuracy. Experiment shows that the proposed approach is quite robust for recognition of a large number of symbols appearing in various expressions.
A Framework for Understanding the Emerging Role of Corticolimbic-Ventral Striatal Networks in OCD-Associated Repetitive Behaviors

Significant interest in the mechanistic underpinnings of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has fueled research on the neural origins of compulsive behaviors. Converging clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that abnormal repetitive behaviors are driven by dysfunction in cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuits. These findings suggest that compulsive behaviors arise, in part, from aberrant communication between lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and dorsal striatum. An important body of work focused on the role of this network in OCD has been instrumental to progress in the field. Disease models focused primarily on these regions, however, fail to capture an important aspect of the disorder: affective dysregulation. High levels of anxiety are extremely prevalent in OCD, as is comorbidity with major depressive disorder. Furthermore, deficits in processing rewards and abnormalities in processing emotional stimuli are suggestive of aberrant encoding of affective information. Accordingly, OCD can be partially characterized as a disease in which behavioral selection is corrupted by exaggerated or dysregulated emotional states. This suggests that the networks producing OCD symptoms likely expand beyond traditional lateral OFC and dorsal striatum circuit models, and highlights the need to cast a wider net in our investigation of the circuits involved in generating and sustaining OCD symptoms. Here, we address the emerging role of medial OFC, amygdala, and ventral tegmental area projections to the ventral striatum (VS) in OCD pathophysiology. The VS receives strong innervation from these affect and reward processing regions, and is therefore poised to integrate information crucial to the generation of compulsive behaviors. Though it complements functions of dorsal striatum and lateral OFC, this corticolimbic-VS network is less commonly explored as a potential source of the pathology underlying OCD. In this review, we discuss this network’s potential role as a locus of OCD pathology and effective treatment.
Pratiques Inter-organisationnelles Innovantes (P2I) dans le Supply Chain Management : Développement et validation d'un instrument de mesure

Innover est devenu aujourd’hui un element determinant dans la performance des entreprises. Une des voies de l’innovation passe par le management ses relations inter-organisationnelles. Pour cela, les organisations doivent aller au-dela de la conception traditionnelle de l’innovation technologique et produit, en developpant l’innovation manageriale. L’emergence, ces dernieres annees, de pratiques de Supply Chain Management (SCM), telles que le CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forcasting and Replenishment), la GMA (Gestion Mutualisee des Approvisionnements), le Kanban fournisseur ou le MAF (Magasin Avance Fournisseur), temoigne de l’engouement managerial pour ce type d’innovations et doit pousser les chercheurs a les etudier. Pour comprendre de telles pratiques, il est necessaire de disposer d'un instrument de mesure. Or, dans le cas de notre objet d'etude, l'instrument de mesure n'existe pas, car les echelles utilisees dans la litterature sont peu adaptees. L'objectif de notre recherche est donc de developper et de valider un instrument de mesure des Pratiques Inter-organisationnelles Innovantes (P2I) dans le Supply Chain Management (SCM). Cet instrument de mesure se compose de trois echelles de mesure : les conditions et le contexte de deploiement, la capacite d'innovation de l'organisation, et la performance de l'innovation. Pour chacune d'elles, nous avons suivi la demarche methodologique canonique en trois etapes : construction, purification et validation.
e-Research applications for tracking online socio-political capital in the Asia-Pacific region

Online content offers with it the potential to provide a rich source of data for academic researchers. To capture this data an e-Research tool was developed to utilise results from prominent Korean search engine Naver in the analysis of online political presence, thereby bridging a lack of coverage for this approach in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper will outline the development of this specific tool as well as highlight e-Research tool development in general. Whilst e-Research tools offer greater access to large datasets from online sources than more established data collection methods, they also present challenges to implementation and a lack of consensus exists on the responsibilities when collecting and handling public data. The practice of online data collection and how this can inform an analysis of social capital will be discussed, as well as addressing some of the challenges involved in the development and analysis stages. Suggestions for researchers from a social science background planning to embark on e-Research tool development in an Asian context are offered.
Deriving meaning through context: Interpreting bare nominals in second language Japanese

Previous studies on the second language acquisition of telicity have suggested that learners can use morphosyntactic cues to interpret sentences as telic or atelic even in cases where the cues differ in the first language (L1) and second language (L2) (Slabakova, 2001, 2005; Gabriele, 2008; Kaku et al., 2008a, 2008b). The present study extends this line of research by focusing on a case in which learners cannot rely on morphosyntactic cues in order to reach the appropriate aspectual interpretation. We examine the acquisition of telicity by English-speaking learners of Japanese, focusing on how learners interpret bare count nouns such as kaado ‘card’ that obligatorily display count noun morphosyntax in English. In Japanese, a bare noun such as kaado is ambiguous with respect to number and therefore a verb phrase such as kaado-o kakimashita ‘wrote card’ can be interpreted as either telic ‘wrote the cards’ or atelic ‘wrote cards’ depending on the context. The results of two studies with both intermediate (Study 1: n = 38; Study 2: n = 38) and advanced (Study 1: n = 7; Study 2: n = 10) learners of Japanese show that there are learners at both levels of proficiency that have difficulty with the interpretation of bare count nouns and assign an exclusively telic reading to a verb phrase such as kaado-o kakimashita ‘wrote card’. We argue that this interpretation is due to the boundedness of count nouns in L1 English and propose that a retreat from negative transfer is difficult when there is variability in the native speaker input and when meaning has to be derived from context in the absence of morphosyntactic cues.
Novel and Conserved Micrornas in Dalian Purple Urchin (Strongylocentrotus Nudus) Identified by Next Generation Sequencing

MicroRNAs are regulators in regulation of broad range of phenotypes. The purple urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus, is one of the most important marine economic animals that widely distributed in the cold seas along the coasts of eastern pacific area. To date, only 45 microRNAs have been identified in a related species, Strongylocentrotus purpurtus, and there is no report on S. nudus microRNAs. Herein, solexa sequencing technology was used to high throughput sequencing analysis of microRNAs in small RNA library isolated from five tissues of S. nudus. Totally, 8,966,865 reads were yielded, 131,015 of which were related to 415 unique microRNAs including 345 deuterostoma conserved and 70 urchin specific microRNAs, as well as 5 microRNA* sequences. The miRNA features including length distribution, end variations and genomic locations were characterized. Annotation of targets revealed a broad range of biological processes and signal transduction pathways that regulated by urchin miRNAs, of which signal transduction mechanisms was the subgroup containing the maximum targets. In addition, the expression of 100 miRNAs in female gonad was confirmed using microRNA microarray analysis. This study provides a first large scale cloning and characterization of S.nudus miRNAs and their potential targets, providing the foundation for further characterization for their role in the regulation of diversity of physiological processes.
Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

Dynamic properties of n-alkyl monolayers covalently bonded to Si(111) were studied by broadband admittance spectroscopy as a function of the temperature and the applied voltage using rectifying Hg/C12H25/n-type Si junctions. Partial substitution of methyl end groups by polar (carboxylic acid) moieties was used to enhance the chain end relaxation response. Two thermally activated dissipation mechanisms (B1 and B2, with fB1 < fB2) are evidenced for all reverse bias values. The strong decrease of both relaxation frequencies with increasing reverse dc bias reveals increasing motional constraints, attributed to electrostatic pressure applied to the densely-packed nanometer-thick monolayer. Spectral decomposition of the frequency response shows a power-law dependence of their activation energies on |VDC|. A large reverse bias reversibly increases the B2 response attributed to the distribution of gauche defects, in contrast with the constant strength of the acid dipole loss (B1). A trans–gauche isomerization energy of 50 meV is derived from the temperature dependence of the B2 dipolar strength. For both dissipation mechanisms, the observed linear correlation between activation energy and logarithm of pre-exponential factor is consistent with a multi-excitation entropy model, in which the molecular reorientation path is strongly coupled with a large number of low energy excitations (here the n-alkyl bending vibrational mode) collected from the thermal bath. This collective dynamic behavior of alkyl chains tethered to Si is also confirmed by the asymmetric relaxation peak shape related to many-body interactions in complex systems.