Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is ethnic density associated with health in a context of social disadvantage? Findings from the Born in Bradford cohort

Objectives. In this study we aimed to test the associations between area-level ethnic density and health for Pakistani and White British residents of Bradford, England. Design. The sample consisted of 8610 mothers and infant taking part in the Born in Bradford cohort. Ethnic density was measured as the percentage of Pakistani, White British or South Asian residents living in a Lower Super Output Area. Health outcomes included birth weight, preterm birth and smoking during pregnancy. Associations between ethnic density and health were tested in multilevel regression models, adjusted for individual covariates and area deprivation. Results. In the Pakistani sample, higher own ethnic density was associated with lower birth weight (β = −0.82, 95% CI: −1.63, −0.02), and higher South Asian density was associated with a lower probability of smoking during pregnancy (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00). Pakistani women in areas with 50−70% South Asian residents were less likely to smoke than those living in areas with less than 10% South Asian residents (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.97). In the White British sample, neither birth weight nor preterm birth was associated with own ethnic density. The probability of smoking during pregnancy was lower in areas with 10−29.99% compared to <10% South Asian density (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.98). Conclusion. In this sample, ethnic density was associated with lower odds of smoking during pregnancy but not with higher birth weight or lower odds of preterm birth. Possibly, high levels of social disadvantage inhibit positive effects of ethnic density on health.
A Novel Function for Fatty Acid Translocase (FAT)/CD36

Fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36 is a long chain fatty acid transporter present at the plasma membrane, as well as in intracellular pools of skeletal muscle. In this study, we assessed the unexpected presence of FAT/CD36 in both subsarcolemmal and intermyofibril fractions of highly purified mitochondria. Functional assessments demonstrated that the mitochondria could bind 14C-labeled palmitate, but could only oxidize it in the presence of carnitine. However, the addition of sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate, a known inhibitor of FAT/CD36, resulted in an 87 and 85% reduction of palmitate oxidation in subsarcolemmal and intermyofibril fractions, respectively. Further studies revealed that maximal carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) activity in vitro was inhibited by succinimidyl oleate (42 and 48% reduction). Interestingly, CPTI immunoprecipitated with FAT/CD36, indicating a physical pairing. Tissue differences in mitochondrial FAT/CD36 protein follow the same pattern as the capacity for fatty acid oxidation (heart » red muscle > white muscle). Additionally, chronic stimulation of hindlimb muscles (7 days) increased FAT/CD36 expression and also resulted in a concomitant increase in mitochondrial FAT/CD36 content (46 and 47% increase). Interestingly, with acute electrical stimulation of hindlimb muscles (30 min), FAT/CD36 expression was not altered, but there was an increase in the mitochondrial content of FAT/CD36 compared with the non-stimulated control limb (35 and 37% increase). Together, these data suggest a role for FAT/CD36 in mitochondrial long chain fatty acid uptake and demonstrate system flexibility to match FAT/CD36 mitochondrial content with an increased capacity for fatty acid oxidation, possibly involving translocation of FAT/CD36 to the mitochondria.
Glucocorticoid-Mediated Repression of REDD1 mRNA Expression in Rat Fetal Distal Lung Epithelial Cells

REDD1 (Regulated in Development and DNA Damage-1) is a stress-response gene that represses mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) thus decreasing protein synthesis. In contrast to studies using cell lines and adult alveolar type II (ATII) cells, we find that REDD1 mRNA levels did not increase in rat fetal distal lung epithelia (FDLE) or fetal lung fibroblasts grown in primary cultures and then exposed to 3% O2. REDD1 mRNA expression was repressed by dexamethasone (DEX) in FDLE and ATII, but induced by DEX in fibroblasts. Lung epithelial cell lines, A549 and MLE-15, showed increases in REDD1 mRNA in response to hypoxia and DEX. The effect of DEX on REDD1 mRNA and protein in FDLE and fibroblasts was dose- and time-dependent. Inhibitor studies support repression of REDD1 mRNA by DEX in FDLE was mediated via glucocorticoid receptor and not by nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids via MAPK pathways. The half-life of REDD1 mRNA was shorter in DEX-exposed FDLE compared with hormone-free media suggesting that DEX reduced REDD1 mRNA stability in FDLE. These studies indicate that REDD1 expression in response to hypoxia and DEX is cell-type specific and that physiologically appropriate levels of PO2 should be used when investigating fetal lung development.
Sport expertise development and the constraints-led approach

Objective: This review article delineates some important theoretical concepts that inform sport expertise acquisition studies. In particular, the principles of ecological psychology and dynamical systems theory have united together to form the ecological dynamics, a framework that provides the perfect platform through which to study the role of socio-cultural constraints upon sport expertise. Methodology: The body of information collected for this article was primarily extracted from peer- reviewed articles and academic books. This review article used Brazilian soccer as the case study. Results and discussion: Whilst the sports expertise literature has been guilty of somewhat polarising the influence of either practice or inherited attributes upon motor learning there are nonetheless many useful lessons to be learnt from this review article. For example, sport expertise development takes place over many years and includes numerous formal and informal pathways that athletes can take to excel. Conclusion: The constraints-led approach has been promoted as a framework for understanding how people acquire perceptual-motor skills for sport and physical activities. On a practical level, this approach suggests that the major role of the coach or teacher is to manipulate key constraints in order to facilitate discovery of functional movement behavior.
The societal acceptance of private electro mobility in Germany and its perception by consumers: An empirical analysis of the status quo and the medium-term future expectations

The combustion engine has a history of development for far more than 100 years. The last few decades has resulted in an increasing interest in electro mobility and can be described as a new technology era regarding road transport. Due to climate changes and the growing scarcity of energy resources, countries and cities are constantly trying to reduce CO2 emissions. Road transport is considered to be a large part of these emissions. The majority of vehicle manufacturers (such as BMW, Volkswagen and Renault) as well as new entrants such as Tesla are developing and realizing EVs with high speed. The following study recaptures the acceptance of private electro mobility in Germany. Potential users associate EVs with driving pleasure and fun. On the other hand, top speed is not considered to be a critical argument for purchasing an EV. Nowadays users place increasing importance on environmentally friendliness (which can be described as a “lifestyle" nowadays) and cost efficiency. The typical EV customer is considered to be technique affine with a modern lifestyle. These users are ready to pay a higher purchasing price for an EV, however are not yet willing to pay the current market prices which are demanded. Furthermore, the research summarizes the disadvantages of EVs which affect the consumer demand, such as the current charging infrastructure which is perceived as not fully developed yet. Additionally, individuals criticized security standards of EVs, as long term tests have not been conducted sufficiently, especially regarding the liability of both the electric engine and lithium-ion batteries. It is of great importance for EV manufacturers to work on improving the range and the purchasing cost. Concluding, the overall willingness of purchasing an EV in the future as well as to date is considered to be high. However, in the foreseeable future, the internal combustion engine will keep its importance.
A plea for adoption of ethical compliance: Avoiding pitfalls of compliance groupthink and consulting

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the evolution of regulation and compliance in the past 20 years, to the current state of affairs. Despite earlier calls for ethical compliance within financial institutions, there remains scope for improvement within practice (as evidenced by on-going regulatory issues in the banking sector). Design/methodology/approach – Pre-crisis academic models of regulation and compliance are reviewed for evidence of use in practice. Some preliminary inductive research evidence is presented, following data collection via interviews with individuals impacted by compliance in financial service organisations. The interview data, facilitated by repertory grid, provide a post-crisis assessment of the issues faced by practitioners to comply with a new regulation. Findings – An over-reliance on group think and consulting services in compliance approach is potentially holding back progress in compliance service. Due to the limited recent empirical data offered in the literature, we believ.
NMR solution structure of the reduced form of thioredoxin 1 from Sacharomyces cerevisiae

Keywords NMR Saccharomyces cerevisiae Structure Thioredoxin 2 YeastAbbreviationsTrx thioredoxinBiological contextThioredoxins (Trxs) are ubiquitous heat-stable pro-teins of molecular mass approximately 12,000 Da thatfunction as dithiol oxidoreductases, and are impor-tant for cellular defense against oxidative stress(Monje-Casas et al. 2004). Trxs act as hydrogen do-nors for reductive enzymes such as ribonucleotidereductases (Laurent et al. 1964) and thioredoxinperoxidases (Kang et al. 1998), as a general reductantfor disulﬁdes in proteins (Holmgren 1985), and asregulatory factors for enzymes or receptors inphotosynthetic systems (Buchanan 1991). They alsopromote DNA binding of transcription factors, suchas NF-jB and YAP-1 (Schenk et al. 1994), amongothers.In yeast, there are two cytoplasmic (Trx1 and Trx2)and one mitochondrial (Trx3) isoforms. Some authorsconsider that the preservation of the two cytoplasmicisoforms during evolution is not related to function,meaning that they are redundant. Recently, Monje-Casas et al. (2004) described some differences inexpression levels under normal and oxidative stressconditions. The basal level of both thioredoxins is thesame, but becomes different after treatment withhydrogen peroxide. Trx2 shows an increase of 14 foldin its expression, whereas Trx1 remains unaffected.Gene duplication is widespread, but it is not alwayspreserved in evolution. In Saccharomyces cerevisiaethere might be an explanation for the preservation ofboth Trx1 and Trx2. The parallel evolution of yeastthioredoxins occurred possibly because they exerteddifferent regulatory function. Since regulation occursthrough binding to different cellular targets, Trx1 andTrx2 might be specialized to bind to different targets.Three-dimensional structures of several thioredoxinshave been determined. We have determined the NMRstructure of the two cytoplasmic isoforms. In this note,we report the structure of thioredoxin 2 (PDB ID:2HSY) and compare it to other thioredoxins.Methods and resultsExpression and puriﬁcationIndividual colonies of the transformants were grown inLB medium containing 100 lg/ml ampicillin at 37 Cfor
Chemical characterization of the aroma of Grenache rosé wines: aroma extract dilution analysis, quantitative determination, and sensory reconstitution studies.

The aroma of a Grenache rosé wine from Calatayud (Zaragoza, Spain) has been elucidated following a strategy consisting of an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), followed by the quantitative analysis of the main odorants and the determination of odor activities values (OAVs) and, finally, by a series of reconstitution and omission tests with synthetic aroma models. Thirty-eight aroma compounds were found in the AEDA study, 35 of which were identified. Twenty-one compounds were at concentrations higher than their corresponding odor thresholds. An aroma model prepared by mixing the 24 compounds with OAV > 0.5 in a synthetic wine showed a high qualitative similarity with the aroma of the rosé wine. The addition of compounds with OAV < 0.5 did not improve the model, whereas the aroma of a model containing only odorants with OAV > 10 was very different from that of the wine. Omission tests revealed that the most important odorant of this Grenache rosé wine was 3-mercapto-1-hexanol, with a deep impact on the wine fruity and citric notes. The synergic action of Furaneol and homofuraneol also had an important impact on wine aroma, particularly in its fruity and caramel notes. The omission of beta-damascenone, which had the second highest OAV, caused only a slight decrease on the intensity of the aroma model. Still weaker was the sensory effect caused by the omission of 10 other compounds, such as fatty acids and their ethyl esters, isoamyl acetate, and higher alcohols.
Oxidation of Acetovanillone by Photochemical Processes and Hydroxyl Radicals

Acetovanillone [Ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-metoxyphenyl)] is one of the major pollutants that is present in the wastewater produced during the boiling of raw material in the cork industry. The oxidation of its aqueous solutions by monochromatic UV radiation alone and combined with hydrogen peroxide, Fenton's reagent and the photo-Fenton system has been investigated. In the single UV radiation process, the apparent rate constants and the quantum yields are determined, and in the UV/H2O2combination, the additional efficiency in the oxidation process due to the presence of hydrogen peroxide is established. The influence of some operating variables, such as initial concentrations of H2O2 and Fe(II), as well as the pH, is discussed in the Fenton and photo-Fenton systems, and the partial contribution of the radical pathways to the global oxidation rates are evaluated. The rate constant for the reaction of acetovanillone with hydroxyl radicals is also determined by means of a competition kinetics model, its value being 5.62× 109 M−1s−1. Finally, chemical oxidation experiments of wastewaters generated in this industry were carried out by using the same advanced oxidation processes. Specifically, the elimination of acetovanillone in these effluents was determined, and the removal of the global organic pollutant content was also evaluated.
Uncertainty quantification of electroosmotic flow in a microchannel

هلاقم تاعلاطا هدیکچ لماک یشهوژپ هلاقم :تفایرد 27 یدرورف ن 1396 :شریذپ 25 ریت 1396 :تیاس رد هئارا 20 دادرم 1396 ینحنم رد یبرجت ریداقم هب اطخ راون تروص هب ًلاومعم یبرجت جیاتن رد تیعطق مدع دوجو اه یم هفاضا نآ زا . ددرگ هدمع شخب هک اج توافت زا یا نتفرگ رظن رد اب یددع و یبرجت جیاتن هسیاقم ،تسا یددع لح یدورو یاهرتماراپ رد تیعطق مدع دوجو زا یشان ،یددع و یبرجت جیاتن نایم ینعم یعطقریغ یاهرتماراپ رثا نایرج . تسا رتراد جو هک تسا یدراوم هلمج زا کیتومساورتکلا رتماراپ دو مدع دوجو یسررب ،رثؤم یعطقریغ یاه هیبش جیاتن رد ار تیعطق یم یرورض نآ یزاس . دیامن یت لاناکورکیم کی رد کیتومساورتکلا نایرج تیعطق مدع لیلحت ،هعلاطم نیا رد هئارا لکش هیبش جیاتن ،تیعطق مدع لیلحت زا شیپ . تسا هدش رو یاهرتماراپ نتفرگ رظن رد اب یددع یزاس هداد اب یعطق یدو و هدش هسیاقم یبرجت یاه هیبش یجنسرابتعا هلحرم رد . تسا هتفرگ تروص یددع یزاس هنومن ،تیعطق مدع لیلحت لوا ی رتماراپ زا نیتلا بعکمربا شور هب یرادرب یاه هلحرم رد . تسا هدش ماجنا یعطقریغ املا شور هب هنومن ره یارب کیتومساورتکلا نایرج تلاداعم ،یدعب ی یمرج یبد . تسا هدش لح دودحم ن هب تعرس نادیم و هبساحم روظنم هب و هدیدرگ باختنا فده عباوت ناونع هلحرم رد . تسا هدش هدافتسا یقاحلا شور زا فده عباوت قتشم ی ،ینایاپ تنوم شور هب فده عباوت رد تیعطق مدع ناشن یقاحلا شور زا لصاح جیاتن . تسا هدش نییعت هتفای دوبهب ولراک یم یاهرتماراپ هک دنهد شیب لایس تجزل و یسدنه یم فده عباوت یور رب ار ریثأت نیرتمک امد و لایس یلاگچ و نیرت هیبش جیاتن نینچمه . دنراذگ تنوم یزاس دوجو ولراک نازیم هب تیعطق مدع 11.2% تیعطق مدع و یمرج یبد جیاتن رد 6.3% هب ار تعرس نادیم رد نیگنایم تروص ناشن یم دنهد . :ناگژاو دیلک کیتومساورتکلا نایرج یقاحلا شور تیعطق مدع نییعت تنوم شور هتفایدوبهب ولراک تیساسح زیلانآ
Intramuscular stimulation as a novel alternative method of pain management after thoracic surgery.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine whether electrical twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation (ETOIMS) can be an alternative to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) for postoperative pain management in pneumothorax patients undergoing single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods This preliminary prospective randomized study was conducted between March 2017 and July 2017. A total of 26 patients undergoing single-port VATS were randomly assigned to two groups: the ETOIMS group (n=12), which received intramuscular stimulation prior to chest tube insertion toward the end of procedure, and the IV-PCA group (n=14), which received continuous infusion of fentanyl with a basal rate of 10 µg/mL/h. To measure postoperative pain, visual analogue scale (VAS; range, 0-10) was used as the primary endpoint. Results Baseline characteristics were not different between the two groups. According to the linear mixed model, there was statistical difference in the serial VAS score between the two groups (P=0.007). The ETOIMS group showed a significantly lower VAS score compared with the IV-PCA group, especially at postoperatively hour 8, day 1, and day 2. Conclusions We showed that ETOIMS may be a safe, effective, and simple alternative for pain management after single-port VATS.
Hemofiltration for Cytokine-Driven Illnesses: The Mediator Delivery Hypothesis

Hemofiltration is evolving as an adjunctive therapy for sepsis and other forms of systemic inflammation. Designed as a substitute for lost renal function, it is sometimes employed prior to the onset of renal failure to facilitate the nonspecific clearance of pro-inflammatory mediators. Prevailing theories suggest that hemofiltration attenuates the immune response when a threshold amount of excess cytokine is removed at the semi-permeable membrane. In this article we introduce an alternative hypothesis, in which hemofiltration exerts its effect by reinvigorating lymphatic flow and function. Crystalloid “replacement” solution, as much as 48 to 72 liters daily, is infused to restore intravascular volume lost through production of ultrafiltrate. Partial redistribution into interstitium and lymph mobilizes inflammatory mediators and other proteins, cellular byproducts, excessive ground matrix, fragments of apoptotic cells and free DNA. These substances are then metabolized, scavenged or cleared at multiple sites, including the reticuloendothelial system, liver, kidney, erythrocyte, and hemofilter.
Changes in the Relationship between Particulate Matter and Surface Temperature in Seoul from 2002–2017

This study focuses on the changes over time in the relationship between surface temperature and particulate matter (PM) concentration over Seoul using long-term observational data. Correlation coefficients between the daily mean PM10 concentration and surface temperature were calculated to investigate the relationship between the two. The PM10 and temperature displayed a strong positive correlation, suggesting the increase in PM was driven by large-scale synoptic patterns accompanying such high temperatures. It was found that the correlation coefficient in 2002–2009 was significantly higher than that of 2010–2017, indicating that the relationship between PM10 concentration and temperature has weakened over time in recent decades. Correlation coefficients between daily averaged temperature and the PM10 of each year were calculated to account for the decreased correlation in the most recent decade. We found that the correlation coefficients between surface temperature and PM of each year exhibited a clear negative correlation with the longitudinal position of the Siberian High, suggesting that the position of the Siberian High might affect the strength of the relationship between PM concentration and temperature over Seoul. We also found that the eastward shift of the Siberian High reduces the standard deviation of pressure over Seoul, indicating reduction of synoptic perturbation. These results imply that the eastward shift of the Siberian High in recent decades might weaken the relationship between the PM and surface temperature over Seoul. This study suggests that the relationship between PM and meteorological variables is changing over time through changes in large climate variability.
A Multi-Mode Scannable Memory Element for High Test Application Efficiency and Delay Testing

This paper introduces a new multi-mode scannable memory element which allows pseudorandom testing to be integrated with scan in sequential circuits without the need of any design changes. As in the case of scan, the new element is used in place of regular flip-flops in the design library. Concurrent with normal operation, the design can accumulate a signature of the state variables in the scan-register configured as a multiple input signature analyzer (MISA). Thus virtually complete state observability is achieved without the need of scanning-out the state for each test-input. The pseudorandom states of the MISA can also be utilized as state inputs in pseudorandom testing. In this way, most faults are covered in a pseudorandom, “test per clock” mode. Only a few random pattern resistant faults require scan, greatly reducing test application time. Pseudorandom delay testing of the true normally active circuit paths is also possible. Two-pattern tests are supported. Finally, we show that the new memory element can also be used for fault-tolerant design.
The analytics mandate

As more organizations make better use of data, the path to value with analytics is getting crowded and longer. Many companies find they must reconsider and refresh not only their analytical insights, but also the organizational factors necessary to turn insight into advantage. This report, based on a survey of 2,037 professionals and interviews with more than 30 executives, reveals the pressure companies are under to both improve their analytics capabilities and find unique and relevant insights in their data to try to be as good as their last prediction every single day. A joint collaboration between MIT Sloan Management Review and SAS Institute, this research analyzes the changing data landscape. It discusses the five key factors that can keep a company ahead of the analytics crowd. And it unravels the complexities of the most influential factor: the analytics culture.
Fixed ratio dosing of pramlintide with regular insulin before a standard meal in patients with type 1 diabetes

Amylin is co‐secreted with insulin and is therefore lacking in patients with type 1 diabetes. Replacement with fixed ratio co‐administration of insulin and the amylin analogue pramlintide may be superior to separate dosing. This concept was evaluated in a ratio‐finding study. Patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled in a randomized, single‐masked, standard breakfast crossover study using regular human insulin injected simultaneously with pramlintide 6, 9 or 12 mcg/unit insulin or placebo. Insulin dosage was reduced by 30% from patients' usual estimates. Plasma glucose, glucagon and pramlintide and adverse events were assessed. All ratios reduced 0–3‐h glucose and glucagon increments by >50%. No hypoglycaemia occurred. Adverse events were infrequent and generally mild. All pramlintide/insulin ratios markedly and safely reduced glycaemic excursions and suppressed glucagon secretion in the immediate postprandial state. Further study using one of these ratios to explore the efficacy and safety of longer‐term meal‐time and basal hormone replacement is warranted.