Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Adaptive mutations in influenza A / California / 07 / 2009 2 enhance polymerase activity and infectious virion 3 production 4

Mice are not natural hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs), but they are useful models for 17 studying antiviral immune responses and pathogenesis. Serial passage of IAV in mice invariably 18 causes the emergence of adaptive mutations and increased virulence. Typically, mouse-adaptation 19 studies are conducted in inbred laboratory strains BALB/c and C57BL/6, which have defects in the 20 antiviral Mx1 gene that results in increased susceptibility to infection and disease severity. Here, we 21 report the adaptation of IAV reference strain A/California/07/2009(H1N1) (a.k.a. CA/07) in outbred 22 Swiss Webster mice. Serial passage led to increased virulence and lung titers, and dissemination of 23 the virus to brains. We adapted a deep-sequencing protocol to identify and enumerate adaptive 24 mutations across all genome segments. Among mutations that emerged during mouse-adaptation, 25 we focused on amino acid substitutions in polymerase subunits: polymerase basic-1 (PB1) T156A 26 and F740L, and polymerase acidic (PA) E349G. These mutations were evaluated singly and in 27 combination in minigenome replicon assays, which revealed that PA E349G increased polymerase 28 activity. By selectively engineering these three adaptive PB1 and PA mutations into the parental 29 CA/07 strain, we demonstrated that adaptive mutations in polymerase subunits decreased the 30 production of defective viral genome segments with internal deletions, and dramatically increased 31 the release of infectious virions from mouse cells. Together, these findings increase our 32 understanding of the contribution of polymerase subunits to successful host adaptation. 33
The Effectiveness of Employee Referral as a Recruitment Source

An employee referral scheme encourages a company’s existing employees to select and recruit the suitable candidates from their social networks. As a reward, the employer typically pays the referring employee a referral bonus. Recruiting candidates using employee referral is widely acknowledged as being the most cost effective and efficient recruitment method to recruit candidates and as such, employers of all sizes, across all industries are trying to increase the volumes they recruit through this channel.The present study has made a comparative assessment of various recruitment sources utilized by the organizations. The study attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of Employee Referral program in one of the esteemed organization dealing with IT and ITES. The data was analyzed using Correlation, Ratio analysis and Chi Square. Results indicated that the quality of applicants generated by E-referral is comparatively better or equivalent to other sources.Research concluded that Employee Referral as a recruitment source in the organization has highest conversion rate, offer rate, and offer acceptance rate. Overall the research has provided evidence to support the need for organizations to develop recruitment strategy which incorporates a diverse range of sources to reach quality applicants in the desired target market. The organization should also improve the awareness and satisfaction level among the employees about the Employee Referral Program in order to gain maximum advantage from this source of recruitment.
arly detection of human actions — A hybrid approach kta

Early detection of human actions is essential in a wide spectrum of applications ranging from video surveillance to health-care. While human action recognition has been extensively studied, little attention is paid to the problem of detecting ongoing human action early, i.e. detecting an action as soon as it begins, but before it finishes. This study aims at training a detector to be capable of recognizing a human action when only partial action sample is seen. To do so, a hybrid technique is proposed in this work which
A closed contact cycle on the ideal trefoil

Numerical computations suggest that each point on a certain optimized shape called the ideal trefoil is in contact with two other points. We consider sequences of such contact points, such that each point is in contact with its predecessor and call it a billiard. Our numerics suggest that a particular billiard on the ideal trefoil closes to a periodic cycle after nine steps. This cycle also seems to be an attractor: all billiards converge to it.
The wrapped Fukaya category for semi-toric SYZ fibrations

We introduce the wrapped Donaldson-Fukaya category of a (generalized) semi-toric SYZ fibration with Lagrangian section satisfying a tameness condition at infinity. Examples include the Gross fibration on the complement of an anti-canonical divisor in a toric Calabi-Yau 3-fold. We compute the wrapped Floer cohomology of a Lagrangian section and find that it is the algebra of functions on the Hori-Vafa mirror. The latter result is the key step in proving homological mirror symmetry for this case. The techniques developed here allow the construction in general of the wrapped Fukaya category on an open Calabi-Yau manifold carrying an SYZ fibration with nice behavior at infinity. We discuss the relation of this to the algebraic vs analytic aspects of mirror symmetry.
Studies of Thermo-Chemical Interactions of Aqueous L-Proline with 2-Ethoxyethanol System at 308.15K and at Various Concentrations

The thermo-chemical parameters viz. density (ρ), viscosity (ɳ), and ultrasonic velocity (u) have been measured for aqueous l-proline with 2-ethoxyethanol system at 0.1 to 1 mole fractions and at 308.15K. The concentration increases of 2-ethoxyethanol the density, viscosity and ultrasonic velocity decreases; due to weak solute-solvent interactions. It results structure-breaking of the solvent. Thus it is confirmed from the above parameters that; there is a weak association between present systems showing hydrophobic nature.
Further Studies to Support the Use of Coproporphyrin I and III as Novel Clinical Biomarkers for Evaluating the Potential for Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 and OATP1B3 Inhibition

In a recent study, limited to South Asian Indian subjects (n = 12), coproporphyrin (CP) I and CPIII demonstrated properties appropriate for an organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B endogenous probe. The current studies were conducted in healthy volunteers of mixed ethnicities, including black, white, and Hispanic subjects, to better understand the utility of these biomarkers in broader populations. After oral administration with 600 mg rifampin, AUC(0–24h) values were 2.8-, 3.7-, and 3.6-fold higher than predose levels for CPI and 2.6-, 3.1-, and 2.4-fold higher for CPIII, for the three populations, respectively. These changes in response to rifampin were consistent with previous results. The sensitivity toward OATP1B inhibition was also investigated by evaluating changes of plasma CP levels in the presence of diltiazem and itraconazole [administered as part of an unrelated drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigation], two compounds that were predicted to have minimal inhibitory effect on OATP1B. Administration of diltiazem and itraconazole did not increase plasma CPI and CPIII concentrations relative to prestudy levels, in agreement with predictions from in vitro parameters. Additionally, the basal CP concentrations in subjects with SLCO1B1 c.521TT genotype were comparable to those with SLCO1B1 c.521TC genotype, similar to studies with probe substrates. However, subjects with SLCO1B1 c.388AG and c.388GG genotypes (i.e., increased OATP1B1 transport activity for certain substrates) had lower concentrations of CPI than those with SLCO1B1 c.388AA. Collectively, these findings provide further evidence supporting the translational value of CPI and CPIII as suitable endogenous clinical probes to gauge OATP1B activity and potential for OATP1B-mediated DDIs.
ESTIMATION OF CENTER OF MASS VELOCITY BY RIGHT POSTERIOR SPINE ILIAC LANDMARK DURING COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP

When the impulse phase is proceeded by approach movement (e.g. volleyball spike jump), the vertical velocity of CoM at the beginning of the impulse phase must be known. To reduce the number of landmarks, the aim of this study was to verify the concordance between the velocity of CoM and the Right Posterior Spine Iliac at touchdown after flight phase. Ten female volleyball players of the first national volleyball league of Austria performed ten maximal CMJ without arm movement. Paired t-test was used to compare velocities between the two methods. No significant differences between the methods with maximal individual differences lower than 0.1m/s at touchdown could be found. If only the landing velocity at touchdown must be known, it seems to be sufficient to determine the velocity of Right Posterior Spine Iliac landmark.
Honey bee hairs and pollenkitt are essential for pollen capture and removal

While insect grooming has been observed and documented for over one hundred years, we present the first quantitative analysis of this highly dynamic process. Pollinating insects, like honey bees, purposely cover themselves with millions of pollen particles that, if left ungroomed, would make sensing and controlled flight difficult. How do they get clean? We show that the hairs on insect eyes are tuned to the pollen they collect; namely, the hairs are spaced so that they suspend pollen above the body for easy removal by the forelegs. In turn, hair spacing on the foreleg dictates the leg’s ability to store the pollen removed during each swipe. In tests with wax-covered honey bees, we show that hairy forelegs are necessary for pollen removal. Moreover, the viscous fluid found on the surface of pollen grains, or pollenkitt, greatly enhances adhesion. We find that bees accumulate twice as much pollen if pollenkitt is present. This study may help further understand pollination, as well as inform designs for mechanically-sensitive functional surfaces with micro- and nano-structures that are easier to keep clean.
Stem cells for spinal cord regeneration: Current status

Background: Nearly 11,000 cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) are reported in the United States annually. Current management options give a median survival time of 38 years; however, no rehabilitative measures are available. Stem cells have been under constant research given their ability to differentiate into neural cell lines replacing non functional tissue. Efforts have been made to establish new synapses and provide a conducive environment, by grafting cells from autologous and fetal sources; including embryonic or adult stem cells, Schwann cells, genetically modified fibroblasts, bone stromal cells, and olfactory ensheathing cells and combinations/ variants thereof. Methods: In order to discuss the underlying mechanism of SCI along with the previously mentioned sources of stem cells in context to SCI, a simple review of literature was conducted. An extensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed data base and online search engines and articles published in the last 15 years were considered along with some historical articles where a background was required. Results: Stem cell transplantation for SCI is at the forefront with animal and in vitro studies providing a solid platform to enable well-designed human studies. Olfactory ensheathing cells seem to be the most promising; whilst bone marrow stromal cells appear as strong candidates for an adjunctive role. Conclusion: The key strategy in developing the therapeutic basis of stem cell transplantation for spinal cord regeneration is to weed out the pseudo-science and opportunism. All the trials should be based on stringent scientific criteria and effort to bypass that should be strongly discouraged at the international level.
Geo-Strategic Dimensions of India’s Foreign Policy

The present study “geostrategic dimensions of India’s foreign policy” gives a specific understanding of India’s place on the earth focusing on its strengths and shortcomings from the geo-strategic point of view as a nation. Himalayas and oceans were considered as natural formidable barriers from the security point of view for India once upon a time but the developments in science and technology have changed the meanings of security. Location, size, population, natural resources and many other related aspects have been highlighted in this study, whereas a histro-analytical approach has been used while writing this research paper and predominantly, a comparative study has been also undertaken into account by giving a glimpse of international perspectives particularly of those nations regarded to be having a stronger foreign policy and enjoying a lot of privileges because of their geo-strategic positions.
Molecular and phenotypic biomarkers of aging

Individuals of the same age may not age at the same rate. Quantitative biomarkers of aging are valuable tools to measure physiological age, assess the extent of ‘healthy aging’, and potentially predict health span and life span for an individual. Given the complex nature of the aging process, the biomarkers of aging are multilayered and multifaceted. Here, we review the phenotypic and molecular biomarkers of aging. Identifying and using biomarkers of aging to improve human health, prevent age-associated diseases, and extend healthy life span are now facilitated by the fast-growing capacity of multilevel cross-sectional and longitudinal data acquisition, storage, and analysis, particularly for data related to general human populations. Combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, reliable panels of biomarkers of aging will have tremendous potential to improve human health in aging societies.
Innate and adaptive immunity gene expression of human keratinocytes cultured of severe burn injury 1

PURPOSE: Evaluate the expression profile of genes related to Innate and Adaptive Immune System (IAIS) of human Primary Epidermal keratinocytes (hPEKP) of patients with severe burns. METHODS: After obtaining viable fragments of skin with and without burning, culture hKEP was initiated by the enzymatic method using Dispase (Sigma-Aldrich). These cells were treated with Trizol® (Life Technologies) for extraction of total RNA. This was quantified and analyzed for purity for obtaining cDNA for the analysis of gene expression using specific IAIS PCR Arrays plates (SA Biosciences). RESULTS: After the analysis of gene expression we found that 63% of these genes were differentially expressed, of which 77% were repressed and 23% were hyper-regulated. Among these, the following genes (fold increase or decrease): IL8 (41), IL6 (32), TNF (-92), HLA-E (-86), LYS (-74), CCR6 (73), CD86 (-41) and HLA-A (-35). CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying wound infection caused by the burn. Furthermore, it may provide new strategies to restore normal expression of these genes and thereby change the healing process and improve clinical outcome.
A shifting mutational landscape in 6 nutritional states: Stress-induced mutagenesis as a series of distinct stress input–mutation output relationships

Environmental stresses increase genetic variation in bacteria, plants, and human cancer cells. The linkage between various environments and mutational outcomes has not been systematically investigated, however. Here, we established the influence of nutritional stresses commonly found in the biosphere (carbon, phosphate, nitrogen, oxygen, or iron limitation) on both the rate and spectrum of mutations in Escherichia coli. We found that each limitation was associated with a remarkably distinct mutational profile. Overall mutation rates were not always elevated, and nitrogen, iron, and oxygen limitation resulted in major spectral changes but no net increase in rate. Our results thus suggest that stress-induced mutagenesis is a diverse series of stress input–mutation output linkages that is distinct in every condition. Environment-specific spectra resulted in the differential emergence of traits needing particular mutations in these settings. Mutations requiring transpositions were highest under iron and oxygen limitation, whereas base-pair substitutions and indels were highest under phosphate limitation. The unexpected diversity of input–output effects explains some important phenomena in the mutational biases of evolving genomes. The prevalence of bacterial insertion sequence transpositions in the mammalian gut or in anaerobically stored cultures is due to environmentally determined mutation availability. Likewise, the much-discussed genomic bias towards transition base substitutions in evolving genomes can now be explained as an environment-specific output. Altogether, our conclusion is that environments influence genetic variation as well as selection.
Context Aware Location Identification in Social Media Environment

: The explosive growth of photos/videos and the advent of media sharing services have drastically increased the volume of user contributed multimedia resources, which bring profound social impacts to the society and pose new challenges for the design of efficient search, mining, and visualization methods for manipulation. Besides plain visual or audio signals, such large-scale media are augmented with rich context such as user-provided tags, geolocations, time, device metadata, and so on, benefiting a wide variety of potential applications such as annotation, automatic training data acquisition, contextual advertising, and visualization. We review the research advances for enabling such applications and present a brief outlook on open issues and major opportunities.
A Routing Method based on Nearest Via Assignment for 2-Layer Ball Grid Array Packages

In this paper, we propose a routing method for 2-layer ball grid array packages that generates a routing pattern satisfying the constraint of wire congestions. In the proposed method, the via of a net is restricted to be placed near the ball of the net, and a routing pattern that satisfies the constraints is formulated as a mixed integer programming. In experiments with several data, we obtain a routing pattern that satisfies the constraints of wire congestion within a practical time by using a mixed integer programming solver.
Use Mobility Devices Services on Semantic Web

Growingly, companies are looking for methods to provide client with higher levels of personalization that capture different elements of a user’s operation context, such as position, currently tasks that client engaged in, user’s colleagues and friends who can access to different Classified data about client. These different tasks have different sources which may vary from client to client and time to time. Managing the Virtual content to mobility devices client based on their references and positions are now a leading trend in a mobility devices electronic commerce. These features will operate in semantic virtual services. In this structure computers will be able to analyze, process, and reason about the contents of Virtual pages . In this method we should have a standard and unique language so service stations broadcast their services in description logic based ontology language . To achieve these goals different telecommunication technologies have been used Describing context, evaluating it, identifying the most relevant data and then reasoning and filtering through the contextual data and introducing relevant telecommunication technologies are the most aspect in this paper. [Atousa Haseli, Seyyed Mohsen Hashemi, Peiman Tahmasebi. Use Mobility Devices Services on Semantic Web. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):1239-1244]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 176
Growth and metal uptake of microalgae produced using salt groundwaters from the Bay of Bourgneuf

The Bay of Bourgneuf, France, is a main site of shellfish production. In the marshes along the bay, oyster intensive rearing and fattening need the mass production of microalgae. Salt groundwaters, available in this region, support a large part of this production for aquaculture. Studies carried out by local authorities have brought to the fore the accumulation of lead (Pb) in several samples of algal pastes derived from cultures using salt groundwater. The aim of this study was to compare growth, nutritional value and metal (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) uptake of four microalgae grown in two salt groundwaters or in enriched coastal seawater. Cultures of microalgae used in aquaculture (Haslea ostrearia, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum and Tetraselmis suecica) were realised at the laboratory under controlled experimental conditions. Results indicated that salt groundwaters provided cultures with, at least, an equal biomass and a nutritional value similar to cultures grown in enriched seawater. There was no difference regarding metal accumulation whatever the culture medium, except when S. costatum was grown in one of the salt groundwater in which case its cadmium levels were higher and could be above the French guideline level. These observations questioned on the bioavailability of metals in salt groundwaters. It also underlines the specificity of metal uptake and accumulation by microalgae.
Who frames nuclear testing? Understanding frames and news sources in the US and South Korean news coverage of North Korean nuclear testing

ABSTRACT This study investigated how US and South Korean newspapers framed the North Korean nuclear test on 9 October 2006 and the diversity of news sources in constructing such frames. A content analysis of news articles in the New York Times, Washington Post, Chosun Ilbo, and Hankyore Daily found that US and South Korean newspapers framed the North Korean nuclear test differently. Results also showed that US and South Korean newspapers used news sources differently to support certain frames of the nuclear test coverage, implicating strategic media framing by which news media strategically construct aspects or meaning of the events by selecting different types of news sources. Findings are discussed in relation to news frames and news sources.