Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Studies Of Biobased Fabrication Of Silver Nanoparticle And Its Delivering Pathway Analysis Inside The Breast Cancer HER2 Protein

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women globally, posing a major public health burden. This study primly aimed to theoretically prove the formation of silver nanoparticles by Dimocarpus longan fruit phytoconstituents and the targeted delivery of phytoconstituent by silver nanoparticles inside the cavity of the HER2 protein. The algorithm adsorption location and CHARMm-based docking were used to find the interaction between atoms of 9 phytoconstituents and active site amino acids, respectively. The result of the adsorption locator revealed that silver metal atom π and metal acceptor type interaction with four fragments of Rutin compare to other molecules. The caped complex of silver and Rutin complex CHARMm protocol run resulted that the silver atom standing outside the protein and only the Rutin getting inside the cancer protein HER2's binding pocket formed multiple hydrogen bonds and π-alkyl interaction with the energy of -71.0249 Kcal/mol. The overall result concluded that the Rutin fabricates the silver nanoparticle and the capped silver delivers the Rutin inside the cancer protein HER2's binding pocket. Which leads to the apoptosis of breast cancer cells.
Measuring changes in mathematics teachers' belief systems

Although research in mathematics education has yielded a great number of results on mathematics teachers’ beliefs in recent decades, it is still an open question as to whether these teachers’ beliefs are stable or not. However, since mathematics teachers’ beliefs are perceived to be the default of their classroom practices, it is important to gain insight into these beliefs and into their development. In this paper, we contribute to this field of research by providing an approach designed to analyse a change in teachers’ belief systems. We study a sample of 20 prospective teachers during their first practical experience. We analyse the structure of teachers’ belief systems with interviews and a questionnaire set twice within one year. To analyse development of these teachers’ belief systems, we assigned the young teachers of the first and second survey to clusters that were developed in a former study and re-analysed for our purposes here. Our results show considerable changes in mathematics teachers’ central beliefs during their first practical experience. However, a general pattern of belief changes is not found.
Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of nickelthin films deposited on Si (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition

Nickel thin films have been deposited on silicon (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at various substrate temperatures, Ts , in the range 100 - 700 ºC. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms nickel phases are present for Ts in the range 100 - 300 ºC, while above 500 ºC Ni-Si phases were observed. The grain size and roughness of thin films were in the range 30 nm - 590 nm and 4.3 - 15.7 nm respectively for thickness of the films is in the range 45 nm - 100 nm. Systematic variation with Ts was found for these morphological parameters, as well as the ratio of the remnant to saturation magnetic moment, magnetic coercivity and magnetoresistance.
Determinants of rural credit access decision-making among small-scale rice farmers in Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

Informal sources of credit prevail in the rural areas of developing countries mostly cater farm households. Hence, this study was conducted to analyze the determinants of rural credit access decision among small-scale rice farmers in Calintaan, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines using binary logistic regression. A total of 74 randomly selected farm household heads, who have direct supervision in rice farming activities, participated in the study. The results of the binary logistic regression indicated that gender, age and education were the significant determinants of rural credit decision. This research recommends other factors, working sectors and settings for future research.
Problems in determining the surface density of the Galactic disk

A new method is presented for determining the local surface density of the Galactic disk from distance and velocity measurements of stars toward the Galactic poles. The procedure is fully three-dimensional, approximating the Galactic potential by a potential of Staeckel form and using the analytic third integral to treat the tilt and the change of shape of the velocity ellipsoid consistently. Applying the procedure to artificial data superficially resembling the K dwarf sample of Kuijken and Gilmore (1988, 1989), it is shown that the current best estimates of local disk surface density are uncertain by at least 30 percent. Of this, about 25 percent is due to the size of the velocity sample, about 15 percent comes from uncertainties in the rotation curve and the solar galactocentric distance, and about 10 percent from ignorance of the shape of the velocity distribution above z = 1 kpc, the errors adding in quadrature. Increasing the sample size by a factor of 3 will reduce the error to 20 percent. To achieve 10 percent accuracy, observations will be needed along other lines of sight to constrain the shape of the velocity ellipsoid. 32 refs.
Railway efficiency analysis from larger Europe during the period 1994-2003

This paper represents efficiency analysis of European railways during the period of 1994â€“2003 with the measurement interval of 1 year. We have separated freight and passenger transports in our Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, and have used in each case two different input oriented DEA models. However, freight and passenger models are brought together in terms of graphical joint-evaluation. Results of our research show that in a 10-year period, European railways have either been efficient in cargo or freight operations, and the number of countries showing good performance in both of the dimensions is scarce. In addition to this, we also find that in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, efficiency has declined during the observation period, and therefore, especially passenger operations in these countries, are in need of considerable output increase or input restructuring. However, the sample also contains a number of CEE countries, where both freight and passenger operations are in need of considerable efficiency improvement. In a 'better performing' Europe, improvement need lies primarily in freight operations.
3-D Shape Measurement of Objects in Liquid with a Laser Range Finder

In this paper, we propose a three dimensional (3-D) measurement method at objects in liquid with a laser range finder. When applying vision sensors to measuring objects in liquid, we meet the problem of an image distortion. It is caused by the refraction of the light on the boundary between the air and the liquid, and the distorted image brings errors in a triangulation for the range measurement. Our proposed method can measure the accurate 3-D coordinates of object surfaces in liquid taken for calculating the refraction effect by using a ray tracing technique. We also construct calibration method of relationship between the laser range finder and the object. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is shown through experiments. The accuracy of the 3-D measurement is 0.7mm for objects located about 250mm from the laser range finder when considering the refraction of the light, although that is 2.9 mm without the consideration of it.
Measurement of the linear density dependence of thermal decay of square-wave recordings

Using a unique referencing technique, the signal decay of thin-film media is studied as a function of recorded linear density and temperature with great precision. It is found that the signal decay behavior as a function of linear density is very complex: the maximum decay does not always occur at the highest linear density as expected. Only for media with strong thermal decay is the signal decay found to increase monotonically with the recorded linear density. It is confirmed that increasing temperature generally accelerates signal decay.
Topological states of thermoelectric Yb-filled skutterudites

The effects of topological states on the thermoelectric performance of a highly efﬁcient thermoelectric Yb-ﬁlled CoSb 3 skutterudite are investigated through combined ab initio calculations and electrical transport measurements. The nontrivial topological states are revealed by ab initio calculations and inferred from anomalous Hall conductivity and magnetoresistance. The linear bands associated with the topological states lead to low single-band effective mass and high carrier mobility, and consequently high power factor. Furthermore, the additional band minima due to ﬁlling the voids with Yb atoms raise the valley degeneracy, which favors the density-of-states effective mass and thus the Seebeck coefﬁcient but scarcely changing the carrier mobility. These effects together contribute to the high power factor of Yb-ﬁlled CoSb 3 skutterudite. Our results show that topological states play a crucial role in improving the performance of thermoelectric materials
Anxiety in Parkinson’s Patients: What’s Timing Got to Do with It?

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) affects over 10 million people worldwide. Many PD patients experience comorbid anxiety disorders, which have been correlated with reduced quality of life and can manifest at any time during the course of PD, including prior to motor symptom onset. Purpose: Prior work has demonstrated that patients diagnosed with depression following a PD diagnosis are less likely to receive depression treatment, but no such study has been conducted for anxiety. Research Design: A cross-sectional analysis of secondary electronhic health record data was conducted. Study Sample: Data was obtained through Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset, using ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnosis codes to determine PD status and comparing index date of anxiety and PD diagnoses to classify patients by relative time of diagnosis. Data Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with receipt of mental health treatment. Results: Of PD patients with anxiety, 52% documented a diagnosis of anxiety prior to PD. Overall, 69% documented some treatment, with 79% of those diagnosed with anxiety prior to PD receiving some treatment compared to 59% of those diagnosed with anxiety on or after PD (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with PD and subsequent anxiety diagnoses are less likely to receive treatment. Further study could explore reasons for variations in mental health care within the context of an existing PD diagnosis.
The Effect Of Radiation Velocity Potentials On TheDrift Force On A Submerged Sphere

The effect of the motion of a submerged sphere on the horizontal drift force is investigated analytically. The multipole expansion method is used to derive analytical solutions for the diffraction and radiation velocity potentials in a series of associated Legendre functions. The second-order steady force is obtained by the far field method. The effect of all velocity potentials is taken into account in derivation of the horizontal drift force. The total contribution of the radiation velocity potential is minimal to the horizontal drift force if the center of mass is at a distance less than twenty percent of the radius from the center of the sphere. The effect of the radiation velocity potential in vicinity of the resonant frequency is augmented and may create a relatively large horizontal drift force.
The Use of Prebiotics from Pregnancy and Its Complications: Health for Mother and Offspring—A Narrative Review

Pregnancy involves a metabolic reprogramming that includes changes in the gut microbiota composition in women. Evidence shows that maternal dysbiosis is linked to neonatal dysbiosis, and this factor can determine health status in adulthood. Although there is little literature available on this topic, high heterogeneity is a limitation when examining nutritional interventions. Information has been gathered to contrast the benefits of prebiotic usage, specifically in pregnancy, in its possible complications and in newborns’ gut microbiota development. The objective pursued in this brief narrative review is to provide a clear summary of relevant content when searching with regard to the use of prebiotics in pregnancy, the effects in prenatal and postnatal periods, and to help in clinical decision-making in pregnancy management and lactation. A search has found that the nutritional status of the pregnant mother is key for the earliest microbial colonization in newborns, and thus intervention programs from pregnancy could assure better outcomes in both the mother and offspring. In this sense, prebiotics (administered to mothers who breastfeed or provided in formula milk) are feasible and cost-effective elements that can prevent allergies, colic, and other maladies in newborns.
3D and Inkjet Printing by Colored Mie-Resonant Silicon Nanoparticles Produced by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Optically resonant silicon nanoparticles have emerged as a prospective platform for the structural coloration of surfaces because of their strong and spectrally selective light scattering. In this work, we developed colorful inks based on polymer mixed with monodisperse Mie-resonant silicon nanoparticles for 3D and inkjet printing. We applied a laser ablation method in a flow cell for the mass production of silicon nanoparticles in water and separated the resulting nanoparticles with different sizes by density-gradient centrifugation. Mixing the colorful nanoparticles with the polymer allows for the printing of 3D objects with various shapes and colors, which are rigid against environmental conditions.
Predicting life satisfaction based on the emotion words in self-statement texts

Measuring people's life satisfaction in real time on a large scale is quite valuable for monitoring and promoting public mental health; however, the traditional questionnaire method cannot fully meet this need. This study utilized the emotion words in self-statement texts to train machine learning predictive models to identify an individual's life satisfaction. The SVR model was found to have the best performance, with the correlation between predicted scores and self-reported questionnaire scores achieving 0.42 and the split-half reliability achieving 0.939. This result demonstrates the possibility of identifying life satisfaction through emotional expressions and provides a method to measure the public's life satisfaction online. The word categories selected through the modeling process were happy (PA), sorrow (NB), boredom (NE), reproach (NN), glad (MH), aversion (ME), and N (negation + positive), which reveal the specific emotions in self-expression relevant to life satisfaction.
Cytokines in equine platelet lysate and related blood products

In equine medicine, the use of regenerative therapeutics has gained growing attention, but is still a new and complex field with room for improvement. Platelet lysate (PL) can be used as therapeutic agent but is also a promising supplement for the culture of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. To enable a targeted use of PL both in clinic and laboratory, it is crucial to learn more details on its effective ingredients. While so far, mainly growth factor components have been analyzed in platelet-based products such as PL, the current study focuses on the content of cytokines in serum, plasma, platelet concentrate and PL. Blood was harvested from 20 clinically healthy horses and subjected to blood count and chemistry analysis, as well as to further processing to PL. Plasma and platelet concentrate were produced by a buffy-coat-based method and PL was produced from the concentrate by freeze-thawing. Samples from each horse were analyzed regarding interleukin (IL)-1β, −4, −6 and −10, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations using sandwich ELISAs. Cytokine concentrations in serum, plasma, concentrate and PL were similar and correlated significantly. However, there was a large inter-individual variability in cytokine concentrations between the different donor horses. The samples from some donor animals had overall very high cytokine concentrations, while samples from other donors had no measurable cytokine ingredient. This pattern was observed for all cytokines. There was a noticeable link between high cytokine concentrations in the blood products and abnormal findings in blood chemistry. Cytokine concentrations in samples from horses with abnormal findings were significantly higher than in samples from the remaining horses. The interindividual differences in cytokine concentrations could be highly relevant when using PL for therapy and cell culture, as the mode of action of the PL is likely changed depending on the presence of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Blood chemistry might be useful to predict cytokine concentrations in blood products.
Variational Information Maximization in Stochastic Environments

Information maximization is a common framework of unsupervised learning, which may be used for extracting informative representations y of the observed patterns x. The key idea there is to maximize mutual information (MI), which is a formal measure of coding efficiency. Unfortunately, exact maximization of MI is computationally tractable only in a few special cases; more generally, approximations need to be considered. Here we describe a family of variational lower bounds on mutual information which gives rise to a formal and theoretically rigorous approach to information maximization in large-scale stochastic channels. We hope that the results presented in this work are potentially interesting for maximizing mutual information from several perspectives. First of all, our method optimizes a proper lower bound, rather than a surrogate objective criterion or an approximation of MI (which may only be accurate under specific asymptotic assumptions, and weak or even undefined when the assumptions are violated). Secondly, the flexibility of the choice of the variational distribution makes it possible to generalize and improve simple bounds on MI. For example, we may introduce tractable auxiliary variational bounds on MI, which may be used to improve on any simple generic approach without altering properties of the original channel. Thirdly, the suggested variational framework is typically simpler than standard variational approaches to maximizing the conditional likelihood in stochastic autoencoder models, while it leads to the same fixed points in its simplest formulation; this gives rise to more efficient optimization procedures. Finally, in some cases the variational framework results in optimization procedures which only require local computations, which may be particularly attractive from the neuro-biological perspective. Possibly the most important contribution of this work is a rigorous and general framework for maximizing the mutual information in intrinsically intractable channels. We show that it gives rise to simple, stable, and easily generalizable optimization procedures, which outperform and supersede many of the common approximate information-maximizing techniques. We demonstrate our results by considering clustering, dimensionality reduction, and binary stochastic coding problems, and discuss a link to approximate statistical inference.
Class Size Effects on Fourth-Grade Mathematics Achievement: Evidence From TIMSS 2011

ABSTRACT Class size reduction policies have been widely implemented around the world in recent years. However, findings about the effects of class size on student achievement have been mixed. This study examines class size effects on fourth-grade mathematics achievement in 14 European countries using data from TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) 2011. We employ quasi-experimental methodology (i.e., instrumental variables and regression discontinuity) to facilitate causal inferences of class size effects. Although we find some evidence of class size effects in Romania and the Slovak Republic, overall there are no systematic patterns of class size effects across countries. The results indicate that in most European countries class size reduction may not improve mathematics achievement in fourth grade.
Individualized Scan Protocol Based on Body Mass Index in Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography to Reduce Radiation and Contrast Doses with Improved Image Quality

Background We evaluated an individualized dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scan protocol by combining optimal monochromatic images with an appropriate ASIR-V reconstruction strength in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) to reduce radiation and iodine doses and superior vena cava (SVC) artifacts. Material/Methods A total of 127 patients who underwent CTPA were prospectively enrolled and randomly divided into a standard (n=63) and individualized group (n=64). The standard group used 120 kVp, 150 mAs, and 60 mL contrast media at an injection rate of 5 mL/s; the individualized group used DECT imaging mode with tube current selected according to patients’ BMI (BMI ≤20 kg/m2, 200 mA; 20< BMI ≤23 kg/m2, 240 mA; 23< BMI ≤25 kg/m2, 280 mA; BMI >25 kg/m2, 320 mA). Contrast media intake was 130 mgI/kg with an injection time of 7 s. The data in the individualized group was reconstructed to 55–70 keV (5 keV interval) monochromatic images combined with 40–80% ASIR-V (10% interval). Radiation dose, contrast dose, and image quality were compared between the groups. Results There were no significant differences in patient habitus. Compared with the standard group, the individualized group significantly decreased radiation dose by 33.93% (3.31±0.57 mSv vs 5.01±0.34 mSv) and contrast dose by 56.95% (9.04±1.40 gI vs 21.00±0.00 gI). The 60 keV image with 80%ASIR-V in the individualized group provided the best image quality and further reduced SVC beam-hardening artifacts. Conclusions The use of BMI-dependent DECT protocol in CTPA further reduces radiation dose, contrast agent dose, and SVC artifacts, with the 60 keV images reconstructed using 80%ASiR-V having the best image quality.