Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lazy query evaluation for Active XML

In this paper, we study query evaluation on Active XML documents (AXML for short), a new generation of XML documents that has recently gained popularity. AXML documents are XML documents whose content is given partly extensionally, by explicit data elements, and partly intensionally, by embedded calls to Web services, which can be invoked to generate data.A major challenge in the efficient evaluation of queries over such documents is to detect which calls may bring data that is relevant for the query execution, and to avoid the materialization of irrelevant information. The problem is intricate, as service calls may be embedded anywhere in the document, and service invocations possibly return data containing calls to new services. Hence, the detection of relevant calls becomes a continuous process. Also, a good analysis must take the service signatures into consideration.We formalize the problem, and provide algorithms to solve it. We also present an implementation that is compliant with XML and Web services standards, and is used as part of the ActiveXML system. Finally, we experimentally measure the performance gains obtained by a careful filtering of the service calls to be triggered.
Role of the Hct in the treatment of thrombocytopenic patients

Chimerism after BMT has been documented by various genetic markers, RBC antigens, and, less frequently, by immunoglobulin allotypes. These markers are less sensitive than short tandem repeats (STRs), which provides a powerful tool for analysis of human polymorphisms. Application of STR analysis in patients undergoing allogeneic BMT has been used to detect mixed or complete chimerism, recurrent leukemia, and endogenous repopulation of marrow in early and late phases after transplant. It can detect minor populations of DNA in the period after transplant with adequate sensitivity, whereas traditional immunohematologic evaluation is limited because of the necessity of transfusing RBCs. 1
Outcome of preventive surgery and screening for breast and ovarian cancer in BRCA mutation carriers.

PURPOSE To prospectively determine the impact of genetic counseling and testing on risk-reduction strategies and cancer incidence in a cohort of individuals at hereditary risk for breast and ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred fifty-one individuals with BRCA mutations were identified at a single comprehensive cancer center from May 1, 1995, through October 31, 2000. Uniform recommendations regarding screening and preventive surgery were provided in the context of genetic counseling. Patients were followed for a mean of 24.8 months (range, 1.6 to 66.0 months) using standardized questionnaires, chart reviews, and contact with primary physicians. RESULTS Frequency of cancer surveillance by physical examinations and imaging studies increased after genetic counseling and testing. Twenty-one breast, ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancers were detected after receipt of genetic test results. Among 29 individuals choosing risk-reducing mastectomy after testing, two were found to have occult intraductal breast cancers. Among 90 individuals who underwent risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, one early-stage ovarian neoplasm and one early-stage fallopian tube neoplasm were found. Radiographic or tumor marker-based screening detected six breast cancers, five of which were stage 0/I, one early-stage primary peritoneal cancer, and three stage I or II ovarian cancers. Six additional breast cancers were detected by physical examination between radiographic screening intervals; four of these six tumors were stage I. No stage III or stage IV malignancies were detected after genetic testing. CONCLUSION This study provides prospective evidence that genetic counseling and testing increased surveillance and led to risk-reducing operations, which resulted in diagnosis of early-stage tumors in patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
Spherepix: A Data Structure for Spherical Image Processing

This letter introduces the “spherepix” data structure for efficient implementation of low-level image processing operations on spherical images. Efficient implementation of low-level image processing depends heavily on separability of the convolution kernels that form the fundamental building blocks of most algorithms. Due to the curvature of the sphere, it is not possible to place an orthogonal grid pixelation globally on its surface, making direct application of classical separable kernel convolutions impossible. In the spherepix data structure, we propose an alternative approach consisting of a collection of overlapping (near orthogonal) grid patches covering the sphere's surface. Close to the boundaries of patches, we introduce data interpolation between patch grids to ensure information flow between grid patches. After each image processing subroutine, we reconcile data in the overlapping regions to homogenize the global data representation. We claim that the additional computational cost of data interpolation and data reconciliation is easily compensated by the computational saving and algorithmic simplicity of applying existing image processing subroutines in the grid patches. The approach is demonstrated by implementing a SIFT feature point algorithm in spherepix coordinates and comparing precision, recall, and computational cost of the proposed approach to documented modifications of the SIFT algorithm specifically developed for implementation on spherical images.
Estimating the Number of Motor Units in a Muscle

A loss of motor units is the primary defect in many neurogenic disorders. The number of motor units remaining in a muscle or group of muscles can be estimated by a number of methods on either needle electromyography or as part of nerve-conduction studies. Comparison of the methods of motor unit number estimates (MUNE) and their underlying assumptions shows that each method can provide reliable and useful clinical information. Each method relies on obtaining an estimate of the average size of single motor units, and compares that size with the size of a maximal compound muscle action potential in which all motor units are activated. The potential errors of all the methods are similar and relate primarily to adequacy of sampling of the size of single motor units. The method of statistical estimates of MUNE does not attempt to isolate and measure individual motor unit potential sizes. Rather it estimates the size of single motor units from the variation in size of a muscle action potential when individual motor units in a group of motor units fire randomly.
Additive Effects Characterize the Interaction of Antibodies Involved in Neutralization of the Primary Dualtropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate 89.6

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus-type I (HIV-1) infection elicits antibodies (Abs) directed against several regions of the gp120 and gp41 envelope glycoproteins. Many of these Abs are able to neutralize T-cell-line-adapted strains (TCLA) of HIV-1, but only a few effectively neutralize primary HIV-1 isolates. The nature of HIV-1 neutralization has been carefully studied using human monoclonal Abs (MAbs), and the ability of such MAbs to act in synergy to neutralize HIV-1 has also been extensively studied. However, most synergy studies have been conducted using TCLA strains. To determine the nature of Ab interaction in HIV-1 primary isolate neutralization, a panel of 12 anti-HIV-1 human immunoglobulin G (IgG) MAbs, specific for epitopes in gp120 and gp41, were used. Initial tests showed that six of these MAbs, as well as sCD4, used individually, were able to neutralize the dualtropic primary isolate HIV-189.6; MAbs giving significant neutralization at 2 to 10 μg/ml included 2F5 (anti-gp41), 50-69 (anti-gp41), IgG1b12 (anti-gp120CD4bd), 447-52D (anti-gp120V3), 2G12 (anti-gp120), and 670-D (anti-gp120C5). For studies of reagent interaction, 16 binary combinations of reagents were tested for their ability to neutralize HIV-189.6. Reagent combinations tested included one neutralizing MAb with sCD4, six pairs consisting of two neutralizing MAbs, and nine pairs consisting of one neutralizing MAb with another non-neutralizing MAb. To assess the interaction of the latter type of combination, a new mathematical treatment of reagent interaction was developed since previously used methods could be used only when both reagents neutralize. Synergy was noted between sCD4 and a neutralizing anti-gp120V3 MAb. Antagonism was noted between two pairs of anti-gp41 MAbs (one neutralizing and one non-neutralizing). All of the other 13 pairs of MAbs tested displayed only additive effects. These studies suggest that Abs rarely act in synergy to neutralize primary isolate HIV-189.6; many anti-HIV-1 Abs act additively to mediate this biological function.
Implementation with Interdependent Valuations PRELIMINARY AND INCOMPLETE

There is a large literature aimed at characterizing the social choice functions that can be implemented in Bayes Nash equilibria. This literature typically takes agentsinformation as exogenously given and xed throughout the analysis. While for some problems this may be appropriate, the assumption is problematic for others. A typical analysis, relying on the revelation principle, maximizes some objective function subject to truthful revelation being a Bayes equilibrium. It is often the case that truthful revelation is not ex post incentive compatible, that is, for a given agent, there are some vectors of the other agentstypes for which the agent may be better o¤ by misreporting his type than truthfully revealing it. Truthful revelation, of course, may still be a Bayes equilibrium, because agents announce their types without knowing other agents types: choices must be made on the basis of their beliefs about other agentstypes. The di¢ culty with assuming that agentsinformation is exogenous is that when truthful revelation is not ex post incentive compatible, agents have incentives to learn other agentstypes. To the extent that an agent can, at some cost, learn something about other agents types, agentsbeliefs when a mechanism is applied must be treated as endogenous. A planner who designs a mechanism for which truthful revelation is ex post incentive compatible can legitimately ignore agentsincentives to engage in espionage to discover other agentstypes, and consequently, ex post incentive compatibility is desirable. The Clarke-Groves-Vickrey mechanism (hereafter CGV)1 for
Learning Geographical Hierarchy Features for Social Image Location Prediction

Image location prediction is to estimate the geolocation where an image is taken. Social image contains heterogeneous contents, which makes image location prediction nontrivial. Moreover, it is observed that image content patterns and location preferences correlate hierarchically. Traditional image location prediction methods mainly adopt a single-level architecture, which is not directly adaptable to the hierarchical correlation. In this paper, we propose a geographically hierarchical bi-modal deep belief network model (GH-BDBN), which is a compositional learning architecture that integrates multi-modal deep learning model with non-parametric hierarchical prior model. GH-BDBN learns a joint representation capturing the correlations among different types of image content using a bi-modal DBN, with a geographically hierarchical prior over the joint representation to model the hierarchical correlation between image content and location. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our model for image location prediction
Stereopsis and magnocellular sensitivity in schizophrenia

There is evidence to indicate that schizophrenic individuals, in addition to cognitive deficiencies, also suffer from visual deficits. These deficits, it has been proposed, are the result of a deficiency in the magnocellular portion of the early visual system. A number of approaches have been used in attempts to assess the sensitivity of the magnocellular system in individuals with schizophrenia. It has recently been proposed that magnocellular sensitivity can be tested by measuring stereo acuity, i.e. by measuring the accuracy with which visual depth can be detected based on differences in the retinal images in the two eyes. This suggestion was based on early claims which linked stereopsis, i.e. the visual perception of depth generated from differences in the two retinal images, to the magnocellular system. We here review more recent results which indicate that stereopsis and stereo acuity are more closely linked to the parvocellular system. It is concluded that stereo acuity is not an appropriate test for assessing magnocellular sensitivity. The present considerations undermine the claim that magnocellular deficits are linked to schizophrenia.
Blood supply of pulmonary metastases

There is a widely held belief that metastases to the lung (like primary lung tumors) are supplied by the bronchial arteries and that pulmonary neovascularization does not occur. In 17 human lungs, we have demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, pulmonary circulation to metastases. We have confirmed this in a series of animal studies in which we implanted tumors of various histologies into rats' tails and induced metastases from these tumors into the lungs. Forty-eight percent of these metastases had an entirely pulmonary circulation, 36% a primarily pulmonary circulation with a small bronchial component, and only 16% of metastases, located in the central one third of the lung, had an exclusively bronchial circulation. We have now shown that these supplying pulmonary vessels to metastases can be clearly demonstrated on thin-section computed tomography of the lungs. This may prove to be a helpful, noninterventional diagnostic criterion for distinguishing a primary from a metastatic lesion.
A self-organizing neural network for detecting novelties

In order to detect new events, a system must support on-line learning, adapting to pattern dynamic characteristics. Studies of such adaptation have originated the novelty detection area, which aims at identifying unexpected or unknown patterns. These researches have motivated this work to propose the on-line and unsupervised Self-Organizing Novelty Detection (SONDE) neural network. In this network, the creation of new neurons points out novelties. Experiments evaluated the influence of SONDE parameters and their capability to detect novelty events. These evaluations considered the datasets Biomed, ALL-AML Leukemia and DLBCL. Results are compared to others from GWR.
Regularization of inverse problems with adaptive discrepancy terms: application to multispectral data

In this paper, a general framework for the inversion of a linear operator in the case where one seeks several components from several observations is presented. The estimation is done by minimizing a functional balancing discrepancy terms by regularization terms. The regularization terms are adapted norms that enforce the desired properties of each component. The main focus of this paper is the definition of the discrepancy terms. Classically, these are quadratic. We present novel discrepancy terms adapt to the observations. They rely on adaptive projections that emphasize important information in the observations. Iterative algorithms to minimize the functionals with adaptive discrepancy terms are derived and their convergence and stability is studied. The methods obtained are compared for the problem of reconstruction of astrophysical maps from multifrequency observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background. We show the added flexibility provided by the adaptive discrepancy terms.
The five factors of personality and regional cortical variability in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging

Although personality changes have been associated with brain lesions and atrophy caused by neurodegenerative diseases and aging, neuroanatomical correlates of personality in healthy individuals and their stability over time have received relatively little investigation. In this study, we explored regional gray matter (GM) volumetric associations of the five‐factor model of personality. Eighty‐seven healthy older adults took the NEO Personality Inventory and had brain MRI at two time points 2 years apart. We performed GM segmentation followed by regional analysis of volumes examined in normalized space map creation and voxel based morphometry‐type statistical inference in SPM8. We created a regression model including all five factors and important covariates. Next, a conjunction analysis identified associations between personality scores and GM volumes that were replicable across time, also using cluster‐level Family‐Wise‐Error correction. Larger right orbitofrontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and rolandic operculum were associated with lower Neuroticism; larger left temporal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and anterior cingulate cortices with higher Extraversion; larger right frontopolar and smaller orbitofrontal and insular cortices with higher Openness; larger right orbitofrontal cortex with higher Agreeableness; larger dorsolateral prefrontal and smaller frontopolar cortices with higher Conscientiousness. In summary, distinct personality traits were associated with stable individual differences in GM volumes. As expected for higher‐order traits, regions performing a large number of cognitive and affective functions were implicated. Our findings highlight personality‐related variation that may be related to individual differences in brain structure that merit additional attention in neuroimaging research. Hum Brain Mapp 34:2829–2840, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Podocytes in glomerulus of rat kidney express a characteristic 44 KD protein.

We describe a new monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes), generated by immunization with isolated rat kidney glomeruli. In immunoblotting experiments this MAb (IgG1 subclass) reacted with a 44 KD protein. In cryostat sections of normal rat kidney the MAb stained glomerular podocytes; therefore, we called the antigen pp44 (podocyte protein 44 KD). On 0.5-micron cryostat sections the signal could be more precisely ascribed to the podocyte foot processes, whereas the cell bodies appeared virtually unreactive. On ultra-thin frozen sections pp44 was found within the cytoplasm of podocyte foot processes at their origin from their parent processes. The podocyte cell membrane was not labeled. All other parts of the nephron were unreactive. An additional but weaker immunoreaction was found in the arterial endothelium; the endothelia of other vessels (peritubular capillaries, veins) were negative. In human kidney anti-pp44 revealed the same staining pattern as in rat kidney. The expression of pp44 was also studied in newborn rat kidney. The early stages of glomerular development (renal vesicle, S-shaped body) were negative. pp44 first appeared during the capillary loop stage, i.e., when formation of podocyte foot processes commences. In comparing the present results with published data, pp44 is clearly different from other antigens thus far described in podocytes. From the results of this investigation we conclude that pp44 represents a novel cytoplasmic protein of podocytes. Our data suggest a cytoskeletal role for pp44 in preserving the complex architecture of podocytes. This idea is confirmed by the simultaneous appearance of foot processes and anti-pp44 immunoreactivity during glomerular development.
Raman Microspectroscopy as a Valuable Additional Method to X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Microscope/Microprobe Analysis in the Study of Iron Arsenates in Environmental Samples

In this paper, we demonstrate that combined application of X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscope/microprobe analysis (EMPA), and Raman microspectroscopy is an available and powerful approach for identification and characterization of iron arsenate minerals in complex environmental samples. Arsenic-rich material from the medieval mining dump close to the Giftkies mine in the Jáchymov ore district (Czech Republic) has been studied. Scorodite, kaňkite, amorphous iron arsenate (pitticite), and, to a lesser extent, native sulfur were determined in the studied samples as products of low-temperature arsenopyrite weathering. Scorodite and kaňkite form mixed nodules and crusts, which are locally coated by hardened gel-like amorphous pitticite. Pitticite also borders fractures in the mineralized rock fragments in the dump. Native sulfur, in microscopic crystals and grainy aggregates, originates directly in places with dissolved arsenopyrite and forms pseudomorphs. The Raman spectra presented in the paper can serve as comparative data for phase identification in other contaminated areas. New Raman data for the hydroxyl stretching region of scorodite (important bands: 3514, 3427, and 3600 cm−1) and the whole Raman spectrum for pitticite (important bands: 472, 831, 884, 2935, 3091, 3213, 3400, and 3533 cm−1) are a valuable output of this paper.
Computational Modeling Approaches For Task Analysis In Robotic-Assisted Surgery

COMPUTATIONAL MODELING APPROACHES FOR TASK ANALYSIS IN ROBOTIC-ASSISTED SURGERY by MAHTAB JAHANBANI FARD May 2016 Advisor: Dr. R. Darin Ellis Major: Industrial Engineering Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Surgery is continuously subject to technological innovations including the introduction of robotic surgical devices. The ultimate goal is to program the surgical robot to perform certain difficult or complex surgical tasks in an autonomous manner. The feasibility of current robotic surgery systems to record quantitative motion and video data motivates developing descriptive mathematical models to recognize, classify and analyze surgical tasks. Recent advances in machine learning research for uncovering concealed patterns in huge data sets, like kinematic and video data, offer a possibility to better understand surgical procedures from a system point of view. This dissertation focuses on bridging the gap between these two lines of the research by developing computational models for task analysis in robotic-assisted surgery. The key step for advance study in robotic-assisted surgery and autonomous skill assess- ment is to develop techniques that are capable of recognizing fundamental surgical tasks intelligently. Surgical tasks and at a more granular level, surgical gestures, need to be quan- tified to make them amenable for further study. To answer to this query, we introduce a new framework, namely DTW-kNN, to recognize and classify three important surgical tasks including suturing, needle passing and knot tying based on kinematic data captured using da Vinci robotic surgery system. Our proposed method needs minimum preprocessing that