Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and molecular features of 40 Chinese patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Background Male idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a heterogeneous clinical rare genetic disorder that can be divided into two forms: Kallmann syndrome (KS) and olfactory normal IHH (nIHH). Nearly half of unknown pathogenic genes and related pathogenic mechanisms have yet to be explored. Methods Clinical data of 40 IHH patients (22 KS and 18 nIHH) were retrospectively recorded. All patients were diagnosed at the Department of Endocrinology of Jinling Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital, and the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from 2014 to 2021. The proband genomic DNA (gDNA) was confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing. Results Ten new genetic mutations related to IHH in four families and eight sporadic unrelated IHH patients were identified. The total positive detection rate of 40 patients was 30% (nIHH 8/18 + KS 4/22), and the FGFR1 mutation rate accounted for 7.5% (3/40). Mutation rates of ANOS1, CHD7, and KISS1R were 5% (2/40), respectively. The mutation rates of SEMA3E, PROKR2, and SOX10 were 2.5% (1/40), respectively. After analysis by SIFT and PolyPhen-2 software, all missense mutation sites, such as SEMA3E (p.P323S), CHD7 (p.W1785C), PROKR2 (p.Y223D and p.R298C), were harmful; all nonsense mutation sites, such as FGFR1 (p.R661X) and KISS1R (p.R331X, p.Y103X), analyzed were pathogenic by Mutation Taster software. The comparison of MEGA5 software showed that all the variants had extremely high homology among different species and were extremely conservative in evolution. Conclusions The study aims to expand the genotype mutation spectrum of IHH and provide evidence for the follow-up clinical treatment and genetic counseling of the disease.
Cross-Cutting Skills: The Role of Major

Employers want recent college graduates prepared with skills that cut across majors, such as written and oral communication, teamwork, ethical decision-making, critical thinking, and applying knowledge in real-life situations. What is largely unknown is if some fields of study lend themselves to producing these desired skills over others. This is particularly relevant to schools of business, which strive to help students develop professional career skills and often emphasize a range of practical, hands-on, engaged learning activities. This study focused on obtaining the insights of hiring managers about desired skills and areas of study that prepare students with these skills. Survey results were analyzed using ANOVA and Holm post hoc tests. Findings indicat ed that hiring managers’ preferences focused on three main sets of skills: People and Culture, Analysis and Application, and Staying Current. Business dominated the People and Cultures cluster, while STEM dominated the Analysis and Application and Staying Current clusters.
Methane output and rumen microbiota in dairy cows in response to long-term supplementation with linseed or rapeseed of grass silage- or pasture-based diets

The long-term (>12 months) effect of fat supplementation on methane (CH4) output and rumen microbiota was measured in dairy cows. Twenty lactating dairy cows were fed indoor with grass silage/hay (Period 1), then outdoor with pasture-based diets (Period 2), and allocated to three dietary treatments for two consecutive entire lactations. Diets were not supplemented (C) or supplemented with 2-3% dry matter of extruded linseed (EL) or extruded rapeseed (ER). Individual intake, milk and CH4 production (sulphur hexafluoride tracer technique) were measured on five consecutive days in both periods. Rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and microbial numbers were measured on rumen fluid samples collected before feeding. For both periods, CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) was lower for EL (-15%; P <0.001), and numerically higher for ER (+14%) compared to C. The unexpected effect of ER on CH4 emissions remains difficult to explain. Measured as g/kg fat corrected milk, CH4 output remained lower for EL (-26%, P <0.05) than for C and ER, for both periods. Diet EL did not modify rumen VFA profiles and microbial numbers compared to C. Our work highlights the long term efficacy of EL supplementation of grass-based diets as a CH4 mitigation option.
Real-time image super-resolution reconstruction for system on chip FPGA

In recent years, image super-resolution (SR) techniques based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have achieved impressive attention from computer vision scholars and artificial intelligence (AI) companies. �Due to the necessity of using the SR algorithms in real-world applications, designing an efficient and lightweight SR algorithm that improves the sharpness and visual quality of the SR results is a critical issue in real-time hardware implementation. To address these issues, we proposed the Multi-FusNet of Cross Channel Network (MFCC) network by constructing the groups of Residual-in-Residual architecture under the multi-path cascading framework. Additionally, a residual connection is used to transfer the low-level features of the early layer to the reconstructed SR image. The proposed SR model is initially trained with the GPU's training image dataset. To implement our trained model in System on Chip FPGA, the size of the proposed model is required to reduce. We convert the floating-point checkpoint into a fixed-point integer checkpoint in the quantization procedure. According to the experimental results, the proposed method reduces the number of network parameters significantly (8.4 times compared to RCAN), can execute fast�in System On Chip FPGA, around 30 frames per second, and image accuracy of the proposed method in terms of PSNR value does not decrease over 1 dB.
Food Insecurity during the Pandemic in South Korea: The Effects of University Students’ Perceived Food Insecurity on Psychological Well-Being, Self-Efficacy, and Life Satisfaction

This study examined the impact of university students’ perceptions of food insecurity on psychological well-being, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction and observed that the students’ gender plays a moderating role in this causal relationship, based on a total of 491 university students who participated in this empirical study. This study used SPSS (Version 22.0) and AMOS (Version 20.0) for the analyses. This study examines the structural relationship of this causal model. Our findings suggest that students’ perceived food insecurity negatively affects the status of their psychological well-being and self-efficacy. However, contrary to expectations, perceived food insecurity has no negative effects on students’ life satisfaction. In addition, the level of students’ psychological well-being positively influences their life satisfaction, while self-efficacy does not. The moderating effects of gender differences in this research were also disclosed. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
REMOVABLE SINGULARITIES FOR div v = f IN WEIGHTED LEBESGUE SPACES LAURENT MOONENS, EMMANUEL RUSS AND HELI TUOMINEN

In the past years, removable singularities of bounded vector fields satisfying div v = 0 in the distributional sense have been studied, e.g. by the first author [26], Silhavy [33] and Phuc and Torres [30]. It has been shown, in particular, that a compact set S ⊆ R can contain a non void support of the distributional divergence of a bounded vector field on R, if and only if its (n − 1)-dimensional Hausdorff measure is positive. As a matter of fact, all those results have immediate counterparts for vector fields defined on an open subset Ω of R, satisfying the equation div v = f , where f is a locally integrable function on Ω, in case the latter equation admits at least one solution in L∞(Ω). Given n/(n− 1) < p <∞, Phuc and Torres in [30] showed a corresponding result for L-vector fields. More precisely, given an open set Ω ⊆ R and a locally integrable function f in Ω for which the equation div v = f is solvable in L(Ω), their results imply that a compact set S ⊆ Ω contains a non void support of the distributional divergence of an L-vector field in R, if and only if capp′(S) > 0, where capp′ is the capacity associated to the Sobolev space W 1,p ′ (R) (see Definition 4.4 below) and p′ is the conjugate exponent to p verifying 1/p+ 1/p′ = 1. On the other hand, given a (bounded) domain Ω ⊂ R, it may happen that it is not possible to find a constant C > 0 such that given any f ∈ L∞(Ω), the equation
Investigation of Tumor Heterogeneity Using Integrated Single-Cell RNA Sequence Analysis to Focus on Genes Related to Breast Cancer-, EMT-, CSC-, and Metastasis-Related Markers in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein, which is characterized by the amplification of ERBB2, is a molecular target for HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Many targeted HER2 strategies have been well developed thus far. Furthermore, intratumoral heterogeneity in HER2 cases has been observed with immunohistochemical staining and has been considered one of the reasons for drug resistance. Therefore, we conducted an integrated analysis of the breast cancer single-cell gene expression data for HER2-positive breast cancer cases from both scRNA-seq data from public datasets and data from our cohort and compared them with those for luminal breast cancer datasets. In our results, heterogeneous distribution of the expression of breast cancer-related genes (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, and MKI67) was observed. Various gene expression levels differed at the single-cell level between the ERBB2-high group and ERBB2-low group. Moreover, molecular functions and ERBB2 expression levels differed between estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and ER-negative HER2 cases. Additionally, the gene expression levels of typical breast cancer-, CSC-, EMT-, and metastasis-related markers were also different across each patient. These results suggest that diversity in gene expression could occur not only in the presence of ERBB2 expression and ER status but also in the molecular characteristics of each patient.
Comparison of Delay-Interferometer and Time- Lens-Based All-Optical OFDM Demultiplexers

In this letter, we present the first detailed numerical comparison of two promising all-optical schemes to demultiplex orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The investigated schemes are the optical discrete Fourier transformation (O-DFT) and the optical spectral magnification (SM) based on time lenses. In the former scheme, cascaded delay-interferometers (DIs) are used to perform the O-DFT, with subsequent active optical gating to remove the intercarrier interference (ICI). Here, a reduced-complexity partial O-DFT, realized by replacing a number of DIs with optical bandpass filters, is investigated. In the latter scheme, the OFDM spectrum is magnified, allowing for simple optical bandpass filtering of the individual subcarriers with reduced ICI. Ideally, only a single unit consisting of two time lenses is needed, reducing the complexity and potentially the energy consumption compared with the type of O-DFT scheme relying on many active gates. The bit-error-rate is estimated down to ~10-6 by Monte Carlo bit-error counting for a 32-subcarrier OFDM input signal, showing that a performance close to the ideal O-DFT is achievable for both the reduced-complexity O-DFT and the SM scheme.
Methods in Ecology and Evolution

1. Forests provide multiple services, and in the face of global change adaptive management strategies are needed, which inevitably must be based on models. However, most locally accurate forest models are tied to the stand scale and cannot readily be applied across large areas. Empirical data for model initialisation are often not available at large spatial scales. National Forest Inventories (NFIs) provide spatially representative tree and stand samples, but their samples are typically small, i.e. only a few trees are measured per plot, and they are truncated, i.e. not each tree has the same probability of being observed. To overcome these issues, we develop and apply a methodology to derive stand descriptions from small sample data, taking the Swiss NFI as a case study. 2. We extended the traditional Weibull function to (multi-)truncated unimodal and bimodal forms that are suitable for the representation of samples from survey designs with multiple callipering thresholds. Subsequently, we applied these functions in an extended parameter prediction method to derive stand diameter distributions from representative samples. Additionally, we predicted species compositions using a multinomial logistic regression model and assigned them to the diameter distributions of the stands. 3. The diameter distribution of 9.1% of the Swiss NFI samples was better described by a bimodal than a unimodal Weibull function. The uni-and bimodal diameter model in combination with the model to determine species composition can be used to predict stand descriptions from single small samples or entire forest types in the target area. Thereby, the bimodal form is suitable
Fungal melanins and their potential applications: A Review

Melanins are complex molecules found in many organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals that have protective functions against stress. In fungi there are several biochemical routes for their synthesis, and their diversity and structural complexity have made their analysis and characterization difficult. However, the possible specific functions of melanins in organisms have been determined. Based on their physicochemical properties, their potential in the application in various areas of interest and benefit of the human being have been visualized, such as in health and medicine, in bioremediation, and in the food industry. In this review, the type of melanins produced by fungi are discussed, as well as their main biological functions, the main biochemical routes involved in their synthesis, and potential applications in various areas. An important research area is visualized to find the best melanin-producing fungi as well as the conditions in which their production is maximized, in order to continue investigating the relationship of the structure of melanin with its biological functions as well as the determination of its physicochemical properties to establish its applications.
Dispositional mindfulness associated with less academic burnout among Muslim students during the COVID-19 pandemic

In the study reported on here we examined the potential mediating role of perceived stress in the association between dispositional mindfulness and academic burnout among Muslim students. Seven hundred and seventy-five Yemeni university students were enlisted to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The results show that dispositional mindfulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy. Moreover, perceived stress was positively related to emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced academic efficacy. Structural equation modeling revealed that the mediation model fit the data well. That is, perceived stress partly mediated the dispositional mindfulness-burnout association. We found that dispositional mindfulness could predict academic burnout among Muslim students, and perceived stress may be one of the underlying factors of this association.
A 1-bit phase reconfigurable fixed-frequency wide-angle steering leaky-wave antenna

A 1-bit phase reconfigurable fixed-frequency beam steering leaky-wave antenna (FBSLWA) with wide-angle steering is proposed in this paper. By controlling two p–i–n diodes on the branches of the element, a stable 180° phase difference is realized. Moreover, the open stop-band effect at the broadside radiation is suppressed by reducing the reflection coefficients of the element. The proposed FBSLWA can achieve wide-angle steering within a frequency bandwidth of 10.4 GHz–11.8 GHz. As for the measured results, they show that the achievable beam steering ranges of the FBSLWA at 10.4 GHz, 11.0 GHz, and 11.8 GHz are −61° to +59°, −64° to +71°, and −62° to +58° respectively, with measured peak gains of 12.1 dBi, 13.9 dBi, and 11.7 dBi.
Semen quality , testicular B-mode and Doppler ultrasound and serum testosterone 1 concentrations in dogs with established infertility 2 3

Semen quality, testicular B-mode and Doppler ultrasound and serum testosterone 1 concentrations in dogs with established infertility 2 3 Mírley Barbosa de Souza; Gary C W England; Antônio Cavalcante Mota Filho; 4 Camila Louise Ackermann; Carmen Vládia Soares Sousa; Gabriela Guedelha de 5 Carvalho; Herlon Victor Rodrigues Silva; José Nicodemos Pinto; Jussiara Candeira 6 Spíndola Linhares; Eunice Oba; Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva 7 8 Laboratory of Carnivore Reproduction, Veterinary School, Ceara State University, 9 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 10 2 School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton 11 Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK. 12
From Semantics to Computer Science: Grammars as software libraries

Grammars of natural languages are needed in programs like natural language interfaces and dialogue systems, but also more generally, in software localization. To write grammar implementations is a highly specialized task. For various reasons, no libraries have been available to ease this task. This paper shows how grammar libraries can be written in GF (Grammatical Framework), focusing on the software engineering aspects rather than the linguistic aspects. As an example of the approach, the GF Resource Grammar Library currently comprises ten languages. As an application, a translation system from formalized mathematics to grammatically correct text in three languages is outlined.
The plasma metabolome of long COVID-19 patients two years after infection

Background: One of the major challenges currently faced by global health systems is the prolonged COVID-19 syndrome (also known as long COVID) which has emerged as a consequence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized long COVID as a distinct clinical entity in 2021. It is estimated that at least 30% of patients who have had COVID-19 will develop long COVID. This has put a tremendous strain on still-overstretched healthcare systems around the world. Methods: In this study, our goal was to assess the plasma metabolome in a total of 108 samples collected from healthy controls, COVID-19 patients, and long COVID patients recruited in Mexico between 2020 and 2022. A targeted metabolomics approach using a combination of LC-MS/MS and FIA MS/MS was performed to quantify 108 metabolites. IL-17 and leptin concentrations were measured in long COVID patients by immunoenzymatic assay. Results: The comparison of paired COVID-19/post-COVID-19 samples revealed 53 metabolites that were statistically different (FDR < 0.05). Compared to controls, 29 metabolites remained dysregulated even after two years. Notably, glucose, kynurenine, and certain acylcarnitines continued to exhibit altered concentrations similar to the COVID-19 phase, while sphingomyelins and long saturated and monounsaturated LysoPCs, phenylalanine, butyric acid, and propionic acid levels normalized. Post-COVID-19 patients displayed a heterogeneous metabolic profile, with some showing no symptoms while others exhibiting a variable number of symptoms. Lactic acid, lactate/pyruvate ratio, ornithine/citrulline ratio, sarcosine, and arginine were identified as the most relevant metabolites for distinguishing patients with more complicated long COVID evolution. Additionally, IL-17 levels were significantly increased in these patients. Conclusions: Mitochondrial dysfunction, redox state imbalance, impaired energy metabolism, and chronic immune dysregulation are likely to be the main hallmarks of long COVID even two years after acute COVID-19 infection.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PANEL DATA ESTIMATES OF THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION AND PRODUCT AND LABOR MARKET IMPERFECTIONS

We are grateful to Susantu Basu, Stéphane Bonhomme, Michael Burda, Ferre De Graeve, Bronwyn Hall, Benoit Mulkay, Mark Rogers, Chad Syversson, Philip Vermeulen, and other participants at the ZEW Conference on the Economics of Innovation and Patenting (Mannheim, 2005), the International Industrial Organization Conference (Boston, MA, 2006), the NBER Productivity Seminar (Cambridge, MA, 2006), the ECB/CEPR 2006 Labour Market Workshop on Wage and Labour Cost Dynamics (Frankfurt, 2006), the ZEW Workshop on Institutions and the Labour Market (Mannheim, 2007), the Far Eastern Meeting of the Econometric Society (Taipei, 2007), the International Conference on Panel Data (Xiamen, 2007) and the European Meeting of the Econometric Society (Budapest, 2007) for helpful comments and suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
Fast switching beam steering based on ferroelectric liquid crystal phase shutter and polarisation grating

ABSTRACT We report on fast-switching and high-efficient optical beam steering based on a polymerisable liquid crystal polarisation grating (PG) in combination with ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) phase shutter. The PG was fabricated in a convenient single-step holographic exposure process using photo-sensitive azo-dye material as alignment layer for liquid crystal (LC) director. A binary electro-optical FLC was employed for circular polarisation selection, which enables the electro-tunable steering of the combined system. The efficiency of 95.7% with 82 μs switching time is obtained for 1064 nm laser. This work provides a versatile candidate for non-mechanical beam steering devices. Graphical Abstract