Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capturing the structure of Internet auctions: the ratio of winning bids to the total number of bids

Internet auctions have become popular and have a significant role in the further development of electronic commerce. Capturing the structure of Internet auctions, however, has not been sufficiently attained. An important feature in Internet auction is the existence of micro-macro link. As a first step to analyze micro-macro link we investigate the process from the macro-level phenomena to the micro-level behaviors. We focus on bidders’ learning ability of the quoting prices and examine the real auction data in a certain period for the identical goods. To enable the analysis, we introduce the ratio of winning bids to the total number of bids (RWT). An interesting feature of RWT is that it pays attention to losing bids as well as winning bids. The results showed that the winners are superior in learning the quoting prices compared to the losers.
Design and development of one degree of freedom upper limb exoskeleton

Exoskeleton robots are categorized as rehabilitating and assisting robots which could be applied in other applications such as power augmentation systems, haptic systems, and virtual reality. Considering the increasing number of old people and those who suffer from physical weakness and some kinds of disabilities, the need of exploiting the rehabilitation mechanisms and processes is one of the most important issues in this field. In this paper a simple upper limb exoskeleton with one degree of freedom is studied and developed. The joint torque estimation corresponding to the biological movements as well as safety issues are considered. Kinematic parameters of the upper limb are needed to design the robot, thus a mechanism is designed to derive this set of data. Then a prototype of the exoskeleton is introduced, whose mechanical design, actuation and power transmission method as well as its selection criteria are discussed here. The mechanical design section is followed by electrical circuits and devices. Finally, the performance of robot is evaluated using a test-rig mechanism which examines how the kinematical parameters of arm could be tracked by our approach.
The Constitutionality of Durational Residence Requirements

The Supreme. Court decision invalidating durational residence requirements as an eligibility condition for receipt of public assistance has implications that go far beyond the question of residence. The following commentary was adapted by Professor Margaret K. Rosenheim, director of the Center for the Study of Social Welfare Policy in the School of Social Service Administration, from an article she prepared for Supreme Court Review 1969. Professor Philip Kurland, editor, has kindly granted us permission to include a long excerpt from her article.
A hybrid method for online rotor parameters estimation

The precise knowledge of motor parameters is very important for a vector control system. However, motor parameters, especially rotor parameters, are varying during operation. So the rotor parameters need to be online identified and the controller gains should be modified in real-time. Based on the combination of least square (LS) method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms 2 (NSGA2), this paper proposes a hybrid method for online rotor parameters identification. The NSGA2 is applied for initial estimation, while LS is used after certain iterative steps, so that the hybrid method is able to take the advantages of both algorithms. The contrast tests show that the new approach converges faster than LS and performs better than NSGA2 in accuracy after longer iteration. The simulation results show that the vector control system, whose controllers are modified with the results of this method, can achieve a good performance of dynamic and steady state responses.
Security Patterns for Capturing Encryption-Based Access Control to Sensor Data

A security pattern describes a particular recurring security problem that arises in specific contexts, and presents a well-proven generic solution for it [1]. This paper describes a generic solution that ensures end-to-end access control for data generated by wireless sensors and consumed by business applications, based on a new approach for encryption-based access control. The existing security mechanism is captured as serenity ("system engineering for security and dependability") security patterns that describe a security problem and its solution in an abstract way. The structured description makes the security solution better understandable for non-security experts and helps to disseminate the security knowledge among application developers.
FOOD PLANT DERIVED DISEASE TOLERANCE AND RESISTANCE IN A NATURAL BUTTERFLY‐PLANT‐PARASITE INTERACTIONS

Organisms can protect themselves against parasite‐induced fitness costs through resistance or tolerance. Resistance includes mechanisms that prevent infection or limit parasite growth while tolerance alleviates the fitness costs from parasitism without limiting infection. Although tolerance and resistance affect host–parasite coevolution in fundamentally different ways, tolerance has often been ignored in animal–parasite systems. Where it has been studied, tolerance has been assumed to be a genetic mechanism, unaffected by the host environment. Here we studied the effects of host ecology on tolerance and resistance to infection by rearing monarch butterflies on 12 different species of milkweed food plants and infecting them with a naturally occurring protozoan parasite. Our results show that monarch butterflies experience different levels of tolerance to parasitism depending on the species of milkweed that they feed on, with some species providing over twofold greater tolerance than other milkweed species. Resistance was also affected by milkweed species, but there was no relationship between milkweed‐conferred resistance and tolerance. Chemical analysis suggests that infected monarchs obtain highest fitness when reared on milkweeds with an intermediate concentration, diversity, and polarity of toxic secondary plant chemicals known as cardenolides. Our results demonstrate that environmental factors—such as interacting species in ecological food webs—are important drivers of disease tolerance.
Monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready

X-ray analyses of macaque vocal tract movements show that monkeys’ inability to speak is not due to limitations of peripheral anatomy. For four decades, the inability of nonhuman primates to produce human speech sounds has been claimed to stem from limitations in their vocal tract anatomy, a conclusion based on plaster casts made from the vocal tract of a monkey cadaver. We used x-ray videos to quantify vocal tract dynamics in living macaques during vocalization, facial displays, and feeding. We demonstrate that the macaque vocal tract could easily produce an adequate range of speech sounds to support spoken language, showing that previous techniques based on postmortem samples drastically underestimated primate vocal capabilities. Our findings imply that the evolution of human speech capabilities required neural changes rather than modifications of vocal anatomy. Macaques have a speech-ready vocal tract but lack a speech-ready brain to control it.
Identifying refactoring opportunities using logic meta programming

We show how automated support can be provided for identifying refactoring opportunities, e.g., when an application's design should be refactored and which refactoring(s) in particular should be applied. Such support is achieved by using the technique of logic meta programming to detect so-called bad smells and by defining a framework that uses this information to propose adequate refactorings. We report on some initial but promising experiments that were applied using the proposed techniques.
Cooperative Tracking of Moving Targets by a Team of Autonomous UAVs

This paper summarizes current work on theoretical and experimental cooperative tracking of moving targets by a team of UAVs. The Insitu Group is leading a diverse group of researchers to develop building block foundations for cooperative tracking. The building block algorithms have been maturing through the partners, and the team led by Insitu is now pulling the technologies together for demonstration and commercialization. The work reported here focuses on cooperative tracking using multiple UAVs, with the ability for one operator to control many UAVs which are tasked to 1) provide autonomous tracking of moving and evading targets, and 2) report to a centralized database (without operator attention): the position, position history, velocity vector of the target being tracked. Flock guidance algorithms have been developed and simulated to enable a flock of UAVs to track an evading vehicle. Algorithms have been demonstrated in simulation that: dynamically allocate tasks and compute near-optimal paths in real-time; minimize the probability that vehicles are destroyed due to collision or damage from threat; and accommodate moving targets, time-on-targets, and sequencing, as well as the effects of weather (especially wind) and terrain. Additionally geolocation estimation algorithms and software have been developed which exchange information among vehicles, process the information robustly and in real time, and have demonstrated that the joint accuracy is improved. Work has also focused on accurate probabilistic analysis of the estimates, especially considering variations across multiple vehicle sets of ScanEagle UAVs
Mixed time/frequency-domain based robust identification

In this paper we propose a new robust identification framework that combines both frequency and time-domain experimental data. The main result of the paper shows that the problems of establishing consistency of the data and of obtaining a nominal model and bounds on the identification error can be recast as a constrained finite-dimensional convex optimisation problem that can be efficiently solved using linear matrix inequalities techniques. This approach, based upon a generalised interpolation theory, contains as special cases the Caratheodory-Fejer (purely time-domain) and Nevanlinna-Pick (purely frequency-domain) problems. The proposed procedure interpolates the frequency and time domain experimental data while restricting the identified system to be in an a priori given class of models, resulting in a nominal model consistent with both sources of data. Thus, it is convergent and optimal up to a factor of 2 (with respect to central algorithms).
Review article ABL TYROSINE KINASES AND DNA METHYLATION MAY MEDIATE IN HIGH GLUCOSE INDUCED HYPEROSMOLALITY; ROLE OF TARGET PROTEINS

Phosphorylation of proteins on their threonine, serine, and tyrosine residues is one of the most commonly occurring posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. Cellular phosphorylation cascades facilitates the amplification of extracellular signals following changes in environmental conditions via the ability of phosphorylated activators to modulate the expression of numerous genes. Because these reactions are rapidly reversible, they are important for the regulation of many cellular functions including signal transduction, cell division, and proliferation. Hyperosmolality can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of TonEBP/OREBP. Tyrosine phosphorylation by Abl kinases of several target proteins is a key mechanism for modulating signal transduction in hyperosmolar conditions. In this review article we discuss the role of Abl tyrosine kinases and DNA methylation during glucose induced hyperosmolality.
Expression of nuclear factor one A and ‐B in the olfactory bulb

The nuclear factor one (NFI) family of transcription factors consists of four members in vertebrates, NFIA, NFIB, NFIC, and NFIX, which share a highly conserved N‐terminal DNA‐binding domain. NFI genes are widely expressed in the developing mouse brain, and mouse mutants lacking NFIA, NFIB, or NFIX exhibit developmental deficits in several areas, including the cortex, hippocampus, pons, and cerebellum. Here we analyzed the expression of NFIA and NFIB in the developing and adult olfactory bulb (OB), rostral migratory stream (RMS), and subventricular zone (SVZ). We found that NFIA and NFIB are expressed within these regions during embryonic and postnatal development and in the adult. Immunohistochemical analysis using cell‐type‐specific markers revealed that migrating neuroblasts in the adult brain express NFI transcription factors, as do astrocytes within the RMS and progenitor cells within the SVZ. Moreover, astrocytes within the OB express NFIA, whereas mitral cells within the OB express NFIB. Taken together these data show that NFIA and NFIB are expressed in both the developing and the adult OB and in the RMS and SVZ, indicative of a regulatory role for these transcription factors in the development of this facet of the olfactory system. J. Comp. Neurol. , 520:3135–3149, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics, computation, and the “edge of chaos”: a re-examination

In this paper we review previous work and present new work concerning the relationship be tween dynamical systems theory and computation In particular we review work by Langton and Packard on the relationship between dynamical behavior and computational capability in cellular automata CAs We present results from an experiment similar to the one described by Packard which was cited as evidence for the hypothesis that rules capable of performing complex computations are most likely to be found at a phase tran sition between ordered and chaotic behavioral regimes for CAs the edge of chaos Our experiment produced very di erent results from the original experiment and we suggest that the interpretation of the original results is not correct We conclude by discussing general issues related to dynamics computation and the edge of chaos in cellular automata
Does a formal common-basket peg in East Asia make economic sense?

Before the financial crisis, a number of east Asian economies managed their exchange rates with the aim of stabilising the value of their currency against a basket of key major currencies, but overwhelmingly the US dollar (Frankel and Wei 1994). This suited these economies in the first half of the 1990s as the yen appreciated against the dollar, diverting trade and investment their way and stimulating economic growth. But as the dollar appreciated against the yen from 1995, these countries lost competitiveness relative to Japan and Europe, and their trading positions deteriorated, leaving them vulnerable to changes in investor sentiment.
Using feature selection for intrusion detection system

A good intrusion system gives an accurate and efficient classification results. This ability is an essential functionality to build an intrusion detection system. In this paper, we focused on using various training functions with feature selection to achieve high accurate results. The data we used in our experiments are NSL-KDD. However, the training and testing time to build the model is very high. To address this, we proposed feature selection based on information gain, which can contribute to detect several attack types with high accurate result and low false rate. Moreover, we performed experiments to classify each of the five classes (normal, probe, denial of service (DoS), user to super-user (U2R), and remote to local (R2L). Our proposed outperform other state-of-art methods.
Expression of Rotavirus NSP4 Alters the Actin Network Organization through the Actin Remodeling Protein Cofilin

ABSTRACT Rotavirus is a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis with a multifactorial pathogenesis. As with many other pathogens, rotavirus infection and replication leads to rearrangement of the cytoskeleton with disorganization of cytoskeletal elements such as actin and cytokeratin through a calcium-dependent process that has not been fully characterized. The rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4, shown previously to elevate intracellular calcium levels when added exogenously as well as when expressed intracellularly, is a key player in intracellular calcium regulation during rotavirus infection. Here, we investigated the role NSP4 may play in actin rearrangement. Expression of NSP4 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (NSP4-EGFP), but not expression of EGFP alone, caused stabilization of long cellular projections in fully confluent HEK 293 cells. Cells expressing NSP4-EGFP for 24 h were also resistant to cell rounding induced by cytochalasin D. Quantification of filamentous actin (F-actin) content by using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin and flow cytometry showed an elevated F-actin content in NSP4-EGFP-expressing and rotavirus-infected cells in comparison with that in nonexpressing and noninfected cells. Normalization of intracellular calcium levels prevented alterations of F-actin content. Observed changes in F-actin amounts correlated with the increased activation of the actin-remodeling protein cofilin. These calcium-dependent actin rearrangements induced by intracellular NSP4 expression may contribute to rotavirus pathogenesis by interfering with cellular processes dependent on subcortical actin remodeling, including ion transport and viral release.
Design-To-Time Learning

Humans have the ability to flexibly adjust their information processing strategy according to situational characteristics. However, such ability has been largely overlooked in computational modeling research of human cognition, particularly in learning. The present work introduces frameworks of cognitive models of human learning that take contextual factors into account. Such factors include the cognitive time relative to the typical length of a knowledge volume embedded in a learning unit. Another factor includes the effective knowledge distilled from a learning unit. This factor describes the utility value or semantic density of a knowledge resource. The framework described in this paper provides a realistic model for human cognitive processes which are mapped into knowledge construction algorithms. In one proposed algorithm, knowledge construction is pre-planned to optimize knowledge quality based on the allocated learning time. This clairvoyant approach, lends itself to an automated knowledge construction process as knowledge utility is statically determined prior to exposing any material to the learner. In an alternative –greedyapproach, labeled in this paper a myopic, the learner participates directly in the utility optimization process throughout a progressive knowledge construction session . This approach is greedy as it is shortsighted in the sense that it takes decisions on the basis of information at hand without worrying about the effect these decisions may have in the future. A performance evaluation of both approaches is also presented in this paper. The results show interesting performance tradeoffs in scaling up knowledge quality when the allocated learning time increases.
Making non-volatile nanomagnet logic non-volatile

Field-coupled nanomagnets can offer significant energy savings at iso-performance versus CMOS equivalents. Magnetic logic could be integrated with CMOS, operate in environments that CMOS cannot, and retain state without power. Clocking requirements lead to inherently pipelined circuits, and high throughput further improves application-level performance. However, bit conflicts - that will occur in defect free, pipelined ensembles - can make non-volatile logic volatile. Assuming a field-based clock, we present hardware designs to improve steady state non-volatility, and explain how design enhancements could increase clock energy. We then suggest materials-related design levers that could simultaneously deliver non-volatility and low clock energy.
Change-oriented adaptive software engineering by using agile methodology: CFDD

Changes are very common issues to software development. In this modern competitive software environment the changes are very frequent to any software product. Most software companies nowadays aim to produce valuable software in sort time period with minimal cost within unstable and changing environment. With the time new requirement are coming so a change oriented technique is needed. In this paper a change oriented adaptive software engineering model is presented that use an agile methodology: CFDD (cognizant feature driven development). In this model changes are handled separately from the development phase. Two techniques are used in combination: Adaptive development and CFDD (an Agile methodology). The key benefit of this model is its simplicity and full proof quick development with less chance of failure that is change oriented (feature oriented).
PARALLEL INTERNET TRAFFIC SIMULATOR WITH SELF-SIMILAR SCALE-FREE NETWORK MODELS

The paper presents a platform, named Parallel Internet Traffic Simulator (PITS), which allows simulating Internet traffic and accurately replicating appropriate stochastic processes using scale-free models with self-similar topology. The experiments compare simulation of large-size scale-free networks when using different number of CPU's running in parallel in the platform cluster and note the differences in simulation time as well as some characteristics related to the efficiency of the simulation distribution is possible and if there are limitations in single-CPU simulation. We consider that PITS shows interesting properties when compared to other traffic generators and therefore it represents a real simulation tool for controlled traffic generation over real networks which allows to accurately analyze and evaluate the performance of network, transport, and application-level protocols.
Mining Developer Mailing List to Predict Software Defects

It has been studied that the communication among software stakeholders can be used to predict potential software defects. Yet researchers have rarely studied the relations between the software and the mailing lists of the developers. In this paper, we research on how to predict software defects by mining the mailing lists of the software developers. First, we extract both the structural and the unstructured information from mailing lists as metrics. The structural information is calculated through analyzing the social network hidden in the mailing lists, and the unstructured information is obtained through taking topical and textual analysis of the lists. Second, we design a mailing list-based approach to predicting software defects. We have also analyzed the software repository of several open source projects by linking their bug tracking data-bases to the mailing list archives. The experimental results provide empirical evidence that the mailing list metrics are related to software quality and can be used as predictors of defect-proneness. Furthermore, we found that (1) messages having certain structures may indicate some defect related files, (2) the sentiment and some topic-specific mailing models are of strong correlations with the software defects.
Periodic solutions for evolution equations

We study the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for evolution equations. First we analyze the one-dimensional case. Then for arbitrary dimensions (finite or not), we consider linear symmetric operators. We also prove the same results for non-linear sub-differential operators \(A = \partial \varphi\) where \(\varphi\) is convex.