Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoiding Message-Dependent Deadlock in Network-Based Systems on Chip

Networks on chip (NoCs) are an essential component of systems on chip (SoCs) and much research is devoted to deadlock avoidance in NoCs. Prior work focuses on the router network while protocol interactions between NoC and intellectual property (IP) modules are not considered. These interactions introduce message dependencies that affect deadlock properties of the SoC as a whole. Even when NoC and IP dependency graphs are cycle-free in isolation, put together they may still create cycles. Traditionally, SoCs rely solely on request-response protocols. However, emerging SoCs adopt higher-level protocols for cache coherency, slave locking, and peer-to-peer streaming, thereby increasing the complexity in the interaction between the NoC and the IPs. In this paper, we analyze message-dependent deadlock, arising due to protocol interactions between the NoC and the IP modules. We compare the possible solutions and show that deadlock avoidance, in the presence of higher-level protocols, poses a serious challenge for many current NoC architectures. We evaluate the solutions qualitatively, and for a number of designs we quantify the area cost for the two most economical solutions, strict ordering and end-to-end flow control. We show that the latter, which avoids deadlock for all protocols, adds an area and power cost of 4% and 6%, respectively, of a typical hereal NoC instance.
Que sera, sera: evolution of the swine H1N1 influenza A virus

A new human influenza A virus (IAV) strain of swine-like origin emerged in Mexico and the United States in March and April of 2009 [1]. The virus disseminated globally with sufficient celerity that on June 11, 2009 the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the Flu Pandemic Alert Level to Phase 6, officially designating a new global pandemic. At this time there were 30,000 confirmed cases in 74 countries. Less than a month later (as of July 1, 2009), the WHO confirmed over 77,000 cases with 332 deaths. The collaborative nature of the global response to the outbreak has been remarkable. Within days of the initial reporting of the virus, researchers completely sequenced the genome of several viral isolates and posted the sequences on the internet. Sequences of new isolates continue to be uploaded daily on websites such as the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (http:platform.gisaid.org) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/SwineFlu/html). Nearly in real time, phylogeneticists identified the complex origins of the virus. Within weeks, a vaccine seed stock was isolated, and the private and public sector began intense collaborative efforts to produce a vaccine post-haste [2]. This is the first major introduction of a pandemic influenza strain since 1977, and the first to benefit from the biotechnology revolution. Those looking to defend the investment of world governments into biomedical research have another shining example of the enormous payoff in both lives and money gained from achieving a better understanding of biology. Retrospectively, concerns over the pandemic potential of avian IAVs prepared society well for the current pandemic, as recently upgraded resources have played critical roles in monitoring and responding rapidly. Scientists, physicians, administrators, and politicians who fought for these resources deserve the gratitude of their nations. Clearly, appropriate actions have been taken to limit disease and death associated with the new virus. The contrast with the 1918 pandemic, whose causative agent was not known for 13 years, could not be starker. Despite our advances, it is critical to recognize that today, as in 1918, humanity can neither control nor predict the genetic and antigenic evolution of this virus. Here we discuss factors in the evolution of 2009 swine-origin H1N1 IAV (hereafter referred to as S-IAV-2009).
Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults: Results From Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Objective: This study examined associations between lifetime trauma exposures, PTSD and partial PTSD, and past-year medical conditions in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 34,653 participants in the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations of trauma exposure, PTSD, and partial PTSD with respondent-reported medical diagnoses. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid Axis I and II disorders, respondents with full PTSD were more likely than traumatized respondents without full or partial PTSD (comparison group) to report diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, noncirrhotic liver disease, angina pectoris, tachycardia, hypercholesterolemia, other heart disease, stomach ulcer, human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity, gastritis, and arthritis (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.2-2.5). Respondents with partial PTSD were more likely than the comparison group to report past-year diagnoses of stomach ulcer, angina pectoris, tachycardia, and arthritis (ORs = 1.3-1.6). Men with full and partial PTSD were more likely than controls to report diagnoses of hypertension (both ORs = 1.6), and both men and women with PTSD (OR = 1.8 and OR = 1.6, respectively) and men with partial PTSD (OR = 2.0) were more likely to report gastritis. The total number of lifetime traumatic event types was associated with many assessed medical conditions (ORs = 1.04-1.16), reducing the magnitudes and rendering some of the associations between PTSD status and medical conditions nonsignificant. Conclusions: Greater lifetime trauma exposure and PTSD are associated with numerous medical conditions, many of which are stress-related and chronic, in US adults. Partial PTSD is associated with intermediate odds of some of these conditions.PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; NCS-R = National Comorbidity Survey-Replication; NESARC = National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; AUDADIS-IV = Alcohol Use Disorderand Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV version; SF-12v2 = Short-Form 12-item Health Survey, version 2; HIV= human immunodeficiency virus; MDD = major depressive disorder; AOR = adjusted odds ratio; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval
Targeting the endothelial glycocalyx in acute critical illness as a challenge for clinical and laboratory medicine

Abstract The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) in the field of critical and perioperative medicine and to discuss possible future directions for investigations in this area. Under physiological conditions, EG has several well-defined functions aimed to prevent the disruption of vessel wall integrity. Under pathological conditions, the EG represent one of the earliest sites of injury during inflammation. EG structure and function distortion contribute to organ dysfunction related to sepsis, trauma, or global ischemia of any origin. Discovering new therapeutic approaches (either pharmacological or non-pharmacological) aimed to protect the EG against injury represents a promising direction in clinical medicine. Further, the currently-used common interventions in the acutely ill – fluids, blood products, nutritional support, organ-supporting techniques (e.g. continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal circulation), temperature modulation and many others – should be re-evaluated during acute illness in terms of their EG “friendliness”. To assess new therapies that protect the EG, or to evaluate the effect of currently-used interventions on EG integrity, a relevant marker or method to determine EG damage is needed. Such marker or method should be available to clinicians within hours, preferably in the form of a point-of-care test at the bedside. Collaborative research between clinical disciplines and laboratory medicine is warranted, and targeting the EG represents major challenges for both.
La transmission de la notion de travail bien fait dans l’entreprise : une enquête sur le rôle de la mémoire des communautés de travail à ENEDIS (ex-ERDF)

L’objectif de cette these est de montrer comment se transmet une connaissance commune de la notion de « travail bien fait » au sein de l’entreprise. Dans les economies modernes, la question de la connaissance est l'une des plus essentielles mais egalement l'une des plus complexes a gerer pour les organisations. Le propre de l’entreprise est d’assurer la production continue de la qualite des produits ou service dans lesquels elle se specialise. Pour cela, le travail doit etre evalue et valorise a differents niveaux, ce qui permet d’apprehender la question du travail bien fait. Cette these se focalise sur la constitution et l’apprentissage d’une notion commune du travail bien fait. Cette approche s’eloigne d’une comprehension abstraite des connaissances pour integrer la realite subjective, objective et collective du travail dans l’entreprise.La recherche empirique consiste en une etude qualitative approfondie du travail au sein de differents sites d’ENEDIS (ex-ERDF), societe qui gere et exploite le reseau electrique francais. L’analyse des donnees issues de l’observation du travail et des entretiens montre que la notion de travail bien fait est transmise parce qu’elle est appliquee, justifiee, incarnee, eprouvee par une communaute de travail. C’est donc moins l’organisation et le management que la memoire des communautes de travail qui expliquent la transmission de la notion de travail bien fait. Le modele theorique qui emerge des donnees empiriques indique que la memoire des communautes de travail se compose de quatre types de connaissances communes : les recettes conventionnelles du travail bien fait, la memoire des fondements identitaires, la memoire des epreuves communes, la memoire des figures du travail. La description detaillee de chaque composante de la memoire communautaire restitue une vision generale mais precise et concrete des relations de transmission. Elle met aussi en evidence la structure necessaire pour qu’une communaute de travail elabore et transmette une connaissance partagee du travail bien fait. La these precise les conditions de l’apprentissage et du developpement chez les travailleurs moins experimentes d’une aptitude au travail bien fait. Finalement, il apparait qu’en l’absence de communautes de travail vivantes, un niveau de qualite partage ne peut etre maintenu dans l’entreprise.
Modeling The Economic And Health Impact Of Increasing Children's Physical Activity In The United States.

Increasing physical activity among children is a potentially important public health intervention. Quantifying the economic and health effects of the intervention would help decision makers understand its impact and priority. Using a computational simulation model that we developed to represent all US children ages 8-11 years, we estimated that maintaining the current physical activity levels (only 31.9 percent of children get twenty-five minutes of high-calorie-burning physical activity three times a week) would result each year in a net present value of $1.1 trillion in direct medical costs and $1.7 trillion in lost productivity over the course of their lifetimes. If 50 percent of children would exercise, the number of obese and overweight youth would decrease by 4.18 percent, averting $8.1 billion in direct medical costs and $13.8 billion in lost productivity. Increasing the proportion of children who exercised to 75 percent would avert $16.6 billion and $23.6 billion, respectively.
Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications Dufs: Families in Search of Function

Domains of unknown function (DUFs) are a large set of uncharacterized protein families that are found in the Pfam database. Here, the scale and growth of functionally uncharacterized families in biological databases are surveyed and the prospects for discovering their function are examined. In particular, the important role that structural genomics can play in identifying potential function is evaluated.
"Hindering" effects of feedback in the TRACE model of spoken word recognition: Simulations of phonological gang and embedding effects

Results of simulations are presented that illustrate lexical conditions that encourage phonological gang effects, and related inhibitory effects in the TRACE model of speech processing. The report is structured as follows. An introduction outlines the context within which the simulations were prepared. Details of simulation setup are given, results presented, and a short discussion. The report functions as an extended appendix to Magnuson, Strauss, Harris and Mirman (submitted).
Chapter Five. Macroecological Patterns of Body Size in Mammals across Time and Space

Macroecology is a way of thinking, exploring, and asking questions about complex ecological phenomena. By examining large-scale patterns across temporal, spatial, or taxonomic scales, consistent, common patterns emerge that suggest common underlying causes and processes. The fi eld is expanding rapidly, and macroecological approaches to biology have led to new insights into the operation of general mechanistic processes that govern the structure and dynamics of individuals, populations, and complex ecological systems (Smith et al. 2008). Here we are using a macroecological approach to examine patterns in mammalian body size distributions at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Body size is arguably one of the most fundamental attributes of an organism and has long been of interest to scientists. Many physiological and ecological traits scale with body size (Brown 1995). As a result, information about the body size of an organism can provide considerable information about its ecology and life history. There is enormous variation in the body size of extant organisms, encompassing approximately twenty-four orders of magnitude (Peters 1983; Calder 1984; Niklas 1994), and within mammals body size spans approximately ten orders of magnitude (Brown and Nicoletto 1991; Brown 1995; Alroy 1998; Marquet and Cofre 1999; Bakker and Kelt 2000; Lyons et al. 2004; Smith et al. 2004). Much effort has focused on the consequences of being a certain size and whether taxa exhibit an optimal size (e.g., Brown and Nicoletto 1991;
Spilling over

Existing research has suggested that work–family conflict is associated with a host of negative consequences. One dimension of work–family conflict, known as strain-based conflict, occurs when workplace problems negatively impact the quality of home life. Unfortunately, there has been limited research on strain-based conflict among police officers, especially those in non-Western nations, and the existing research has failed to examine the relationships between a full range of relevant workplace characteristics and strain-based work–family conflict. Using survey data from Indian police officers, this study examined the association of time-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, role underload, perceived dangerousness of the job, supervision, views on training, job autonomy, and job variety with strain-based conflict. This study’s findings indicate that time-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, role conflict, and role overload were associated with higher levels of strain-based conflict in an ordinary least squares regression analysis. Job autonomy and views of training were associated with lower levels of strain-based conflict in a multivariate analysis. The findings also suggest a need to further study the impact of how work environment variables affect work–family conflict, particularly strain-based conflict, among police officers across a variety of nations.
Innate Lymphoid Cells (Non‐NK ILCs)

Until a decade ago, natural killer (NK) cells constituted the major—if not the sole— player of innate lymphoid cell populations. The discovery of the presence and execution of curial functions by lymphoid tissue inducer‐like cells (LTi) in adults is followed by the discovery of Th2‐like innate cells and later Th1‐like helper group 1 ILCs. With these findings, the innate lymphocyte family has expanded and a new paradigm has emerged. Apparently, innate versions of helper subsets of CD4+ T cells existed in humans and mice. These cells, unlike their adaptive counterparts, lack CD3, T and B cell receptors, do not rearrange their antigen receptors and get activated by microbial products or cytokines. Furthermore, these cells rely on similar transcription factors that helper CD4+ T cells use for their development and functions (such as T‐bet, Gata3 and Rorγt); they produce similar effector cytokines (such as IFN‐γ; IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐4; IL‐17A, IL‐22, GMCSF, respec ‐ tively). Moreover, these cells assume crucial functions as an immediate, first line source of cytokines/chemokines against pathogens during protective immune responses. Lastly, very much like their adaptive counterparts, they are present and contribute to patho‐ genesis in various chronic inflammatory diseases of mice and humans in several tissues.
Understanding early-onset drug and alcohol outcomes among youth: The role of family structure, social factors, and interpersonal perceptions of use

Research on adolescents focuses increasingly on features of the family in predicting and preventing illicit substance use. Multivariate analyses of data from the National Survey of Parents and Youth (N = 4173) revealed numerous significant differences on risk variables associated with family structure on adolescent drug-related perceptions and substance use. Youth from dual-parent households were least likely to use drugs and were monitored more closely than single-parent youth (p < 0.001). A path analytic model estimated to illuminate linkages among theoretically implicated variables revealed that family income and child's gender (p < 0.001), along with family structure (p < 0.05), affected parental monitoring, but not parental warmth. Monitoring and warmth, in turn, predicted adolescents' social and interpersonal perceptions of drug use (p < 0.001), and both variables anticipated adolescents' actual drug use one year later (p < 0.001). Results reconfirm the importance of parental monitoring and warmth and demonstrate the link between these variables, adolescents' social and intrapersonal beliefs, and their use of illicit substances.
Grifolin , a potent antitumour natural product inhibits the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro

Grifolin, a natural biologically production, has been reported to have an anti-cancer effect in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and osteosarcoma. In this study, we found that grifolin also could inhibit the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro. Our results demonstrated that grifolin suppressed proliferation and invasion by ERK1/2 pathway, and induced apoptosis in BGC823 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines. Grifolin increased the release of cytochrome c accompanied by activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. This result provided comprehensive evidence for grifolin’s antitumor effect in gastric cancer in vitro, which might give a new approach for clinical treatment of gastric cancer.
A Randomized, Placebo - controlled Clinical Trial of Combined Citalopram and Clozapine in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of citalopram combined with clozapine in the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Methods: In this double - blinded, placebo -controlled clinical trial, 61 in-patients with schizophrenia were randomized to Group A treated with citalopram and clozapine and Group B with clozapine and placebo. Efficacy and safety were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale (TESS) respectively before and 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks after treatment. Results; More patients in group A improved significantly than in group B (56.7% vs 25. 8% , X2 = 6. 00, P = 0. 014) . Since week 3, the total score, Negative Symptom subscale score and General Pathology subscale score were lower than those in group B (P 0. 05 or P 0. 01) . The difference of Positive Syndrome subscale score between two groups was not statistically significant. The rate of side effects in both groups were similar. Conclusion: The combined citalopram and clozapine is more effective than Clozapine in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia while it does not increase the rate of side effects.
The role of type I interferons in intestinal infection, homeostasis, and inflammation

Type I interferons are a widely expressed family of effector cytokines that promote innate antiviral and antibacterial immunity. Paradoxically, they can also suppress immune responses by driving production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and dysregulation of these cytokines can contribute to host‐mediated immunopathology and disease progression. Recent studies describe their anti‐inflammatory role in intestinal inflammation and the locus containing IFNAR, a heterodimeric receptor for the type I interferons has been identified as a susceptibility region for human inflammatory bowel disease. This review focuses on the role of type I IFNs in the intestine in health and disease and their emerging role as immune modulators. Clear understanding of type I IFN‐mediated immune responses may provide avenues for fine‐tuning existing IFN treatment for infection and intestinal inflammation.
Parameter optimization for image denoising based on block matching and 3D collaborative filtering

Clinical MRI images are generally corrupted by random noise during acquisition with blurred subtle structure features. Many denoising methods have been proposed to remove noise from corrupted images at the expense of distorted structure features. Therefore, there is always compromise between removing noise and preserving structure information for denoising methods. For a specific denoising method, it is crucial to tune it so that the best tradeoff can be obtained. In this paper, we define several cost functions to assess the quality of noise removal and that of structure information preserved in the denoised image. Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2) is utilized to simultaneously optimize the cost functions by modifying parameters associated with the denoising methods. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by applying the proposed optimization procedure to enhance the image denoising results using block matching and 3D collaborative filtering. Experimental results show that the proposed optimization algorithm can significantly improve the performance of image denoising methods in terms of noise removal and structure information preservation.
LISF: An Invariant Local Shape Features Descriptor Robust to Occlusion

In this work an invariant shape features extraction, description and matching method (LISF) is proposed. In order to balance the discriminative power and the robustness to noise and occlusion in the contour, local features are extracted from contour to describe shape, which are later matched globally. The proposed extraction, description and matching methods are invariant to rotation, translation, and scale and present certain robustness to partial occlusion. Its invariability and robustness are validated by the performed experiments in shape retrieval and classification tasks. Experiments were carried out in the Shape99, Shape216, and MPEG-7 datasets, where different artifacts were artificially added to obtain partial occlusion as high as 60%. For the highest occlusion levels the proposed method outperformed other popular shape description methods, with about 20% higher bull's eye score and 25% higher accuracy in classification.