Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Human Decision Field Theory to Estimation of Airto-Ground Combat Identification Latencies

This paper describes the development and use of a “Speed of Service” Fixed Wing to Ground simulation model incorporating decision field theory to provide a bounded variable analysis of latency in the FCS system. Latency is described in terms of Time-to-ID based on a CID notional model – CID need, transponder internal delays and duty cycle, digital transmission time, CID message extraction time, data link (shooter–target–shooter–ground station), time to ground platform display, and human decision-making. Simulation runs demonstrate effects of target density, confidence, and network delay on total latency and number of decision cycles. The results of the model will be applied to technology requirements and specifications.
Detection of Absorption Features in the X-Ray Spectrum of the Narrow-Line Quasar PG 1404+226: Possible Evidence of Accretion Disk Winds

We present the results of an analysis of data from XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the high-luminosity narrow-line quasar PG 1404+226. We confirm a strong soft X-ray excess in the X-ray spectrum, and we find rapid variability (a factor of 2 in about 5000 s). When the X-ray spectrum is fitted with a two-component model that includes a power-law and a blackbody component, we find that low-energy absorption lines are required to fit the data. If we interpret these lines as due to highly ionized species of heavy elements in an outflowing accretion disk wind, an outflow velocity of ~26,000 km s-1 could be derived. One interesting feature of the present observation is the possible detection of variability in the absorption features: the absorption lines are visible only when the source is bright. From the upper limits of the equivalent widths of the absorption lines during the low-flux states and also from the model-independent pulse-height ratios, we argue that the strength of absorption is lower during the low-flux states. This constrains the physical size of the absorbing medium within 100 Schwarzschild radius (RS) of the putative supermassive black hole. We also find a marginal evidence of a correlation between the strength of the absorption line and the X-ray luminosity.
Comparison among Methods of Ensemble Learning

Ensemble learning refers to a collection of methods that learn a target function by training a number of individual learners and combining their predictions. We explore four popular methods (bagging, boosting, stacking and random forest) of combining their outputs, for classification and training time and regression problems. Following this, experimental evaluations are performed on UCI datasets.
Human-Automation Collaboration in Dynamic Mission Planning: A Challenge Requiring an Ecological Approach

The US Navy is funding the development of advanced automation systems to plan and execute unmanned vehicles missions, pushing towards a higher level of autonomy for automated planning systems. With effective systems, the human could play a role of mission manager and automation systems could perform mission planning and execution tasks with limited human involvement. Evaluations of the automation systems currently under development are identifying critical conflicts between human operator expectations and automated planning results. This paper presents a model of this human-automation interaction system and summarizes the resulting system design effort. This model provides a theory explaining the source of conflict between human and automation, and predicts that an ecological approach to display design would reduce that conflict. Based on that prediction, the paper describes initial results of an ecological approach to system analysis and design, intended to improve human-automation interaction for these types of advanced automation systems.
What’s the problem? Investigation of Dutch policy statements in search of causes of stagnating citizenship education

Based on the findings of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement notes in 2010 that the development of citizenship education is stagnating. In response to this stagnation, some countries, including the Netherlands, are tempted to act more prescriptively in matters of citizenship education. Prior to and in the interest of the search for a solution, we think it is first and foremost important to gain insight into the extent to which the Dutch policy on citizenship education itself contributes to the stagnation. Reconstruction of the policy theory (as a part of document analysis) is used as a method to analyse the various policy statements. Our analysis demonstrates that there are sufficient indications to state that what the Dutch government wants and why is unclear and that there are specific normative beliefs underlying the policy which may conflict with beliefs of the implementers. We assume that the indicators found are not conducive to enable or motivate school leaders to implement the policy as desired by the government.
Can statistical propagation models be saved by real 3D city data?: A regionalized study of radio coverage in New York City

Accurate radio propagation models are critical for interference and spectrum management, especially in scenarios involving dynamic spectrum access and/or inter-system coexistence in dense heterogeneous networks, due to the effect of aggregate error margins in the interference estimate. Despite their established limited accuracy, statistical path loss models often continue to be used to predict radio coverage for emerging wireless networks. In reality, urban radio coverage is highly influenced by the complex idiosyncratic structure of a given city propagation environment. In this paper, we present a joint study of the radio coverage - via detailed propagation simulations in WinProp - and statistics of the urban layout from 3D city data for seven regions of New York City (NYC). Our results reveal a very large variability in the received signal strength (RSS) among the regions (difference of up to 13.5 dB in the median RSS), demonstrating the inadequacy of simple urban propagation models for setting interference limits with bounded safety margins. A few works in the early literature had proposed to improve the accuracy of statistical propagation models by incorporating correction terms that are site-specific, as derived from 3D building data. However, the validity of such an approach is supported solely by a few localized measurement campaigns. The results of our detailed regionalized study of radio coverage over 250 km2 of NYC suggest that urban coverage prediction errors depend on the city layout in a much more nuanced manner. We show that the distribution of building heights shows no apparent correlation with RSS, and that although building density is coarsely correlated with RSS for different areas of Manhattan, this does not hold for the Bronx. We thus argue that much more sophisticated correction factors would need to be developed to substantially improve the accuracy of statistical propagation models; alternatively, if this is not feasible, site-specific coverage estimate calibration is unavoidable.
Fourier analysis on the affine group, quantization and noncompact Connes geometries

Dedicated to Orietta Protti, who started it all Abstract. We find the Stratonovich-Weyl quantizer for the nonunimodular affine group of the line. A noncommutative product of functions on the half-plane, underlying a noncompact spectral triple in the sense of Connes, is obtained from it. The corresponding Wigner functions reproduce the time-frequency distributions of signal processing. The same construction leads to scalar Fourier transformations on the affine group, simplifying and extending the Fourier transformation proposed by Kirillov.
C-10 EFFICIENT COHERENT NOISE FILTERING: AN APPLICATION OF SHIFT-INVARIANT WAVELET DENOISING

Coherent noise or surface waves filtering represents one of the most complex issues in land seismic data processing. Wavelet based filtering has recently begun to challenge the popular and robust frequencywavenumber ( - - ) filter. Wavelet filters provide fine time-scale representations and non linear filtering capabilities that yield in some instances better results on dispersive coherence noise. We propose in this work an improvement over the classical discrete wavelets filtering via the use of shift-invariant wavelets. Though relatively computationally expensive, their theoretical framework enables a closer approximation to the continuous wavelets, which results in finer filtering, less subject to aliasing and to wavelet ringing artifacts. Results are demonstrated on real seismic data sets. Improvements on ground-roll filtering show shift-invariant wavelets to be promising denoising techniques.
Revisiting non-Gaussianity of multiple-field inflation from the field equation

In the present paper, we study the non-Gaussianity of multiple-field inflation model using the method of the field equation. We start from reviewing the background and the perturbation theory of multiple-field inflation, and then derive the Klein-Gorden equation for the perturbations at second order. Afterward, we calculate the tree-level bispectrum of the fields' perturbations and finally give the corresponding parameter $f_{NL}$ for the curvature perturbation $\zeta$ in virtue of the $\delta N$ formalism. We also compare our result with the one already obtained from the Lagrangian formalism, and find they are consistent. This work may help us understand perturbation theory of inflation more deeply.
Microwave Three-Channel Selector Using Tri-Mode Synthesized Transmission Lines

A microwave three-channel selector, showing twofold symmetry using tri-operational mode synthesized transmission lines, is proposed and investigated in this paper. On one hand, just like a typical triplexer, the three-channel selector provides independent transmission paths at three different frequencies; however, on the other hand, the twofold symmetry makes each of the ports able to serve as the common input. The arrangement of the proposed channel selector is unique and can be applied to synthesize a tri-mode heterogeneous integrated beam-switching/Van Atta/phase-conjugating array. The operational principle is introduced first, followed by the details of the synthesized lines as the core building blocks; design formulas are discussed along with the results. Experimental validation verifies the design concept, and discussions on its potential applications are provided.
A Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality, with application to duality-based a posteriori error estimation in the L 1 norm

We establish the Gagliardo-Nirenberg-type multiplicative interpolation inequality $ \[ \|v\|_{{\rm L}1(\mathbb{R}^n)} \leq C \|v\|^{1/2}_{{\rm Lip}'(\mathbb{R}^n)} \|v\|^{1/2}_{{\rm BV}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\qquad \forall v \in {\rm BV}(\mathbb{R}^n), \] $ where $C$ is a positive constant, independent of $v$. We then use a local version of this inequality to derive an a posteriori error bound in the ${\rm L}1(\Omega')$ norm, with $\bar\Omega' \subset\Omega=(0,1)^n$, for a finite-element approximation to a boundary value problem for a first-order linear hyperbolic equation, under the limited regularity requirement that the solution to the problem belongs to ${\rm BV}(\Omega)$. Dedicated to Professor Bosko S Jovanovic on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday
Disparity Expression of Notch1 in Benign and Malignant Colorectal Diseases

Background and Objectives Although there was growing evidence supporting the hypothesis that Notch1 was one of the few candidate genes linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility, the precise level of Notch1 protein expression in benign and malignant colorectal diseases was still unknown. Our study has investigated the Notch1 expression in benign and malignant colorectal diseases as well as to investigate the role and clinicopathological significance of aberrant expression of Notch1 in CRC. Methods The protein expression of Notch1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 901 clinical specimens with colorectal diseases, including 220 patients with ulcerative colitis, 232 patients with colorectal adenoma and 449 patients with colorectal cancer. Associations between the expression of Notch1 and various clinicopathological features, as well as survival status, were studied. Results Cytoplasmic Notch1 was expressed in 7.7% of patients with ulcerative colitis, 14.7% of patients with colorectal adenoma and 58.0% of patients with colorectal cancer, respectively. Colorectal cancer patients with high expression levels of Notch1 showed lower overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than those patients with low Notch1 expression. Conclusions Expression level of Notch1 was gradually increased from precancerous lesions to cancer. It might play as an oncogene in the CRC development, and might be potentially used as a biomarker for prognosis of CRCs.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease involves substantial health-care service and social benefit costs.

INTRODUCTION The present study compared health care-related costs and the use of social benefits and transfer payments in participants with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and related the costs to the severity of the COPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Spirometry data from a cohort study performed in Denmark during 2004-2006 were linked with national register data that identified the costs of social benefits and health-care services. The cohort comprised 546 participants with COPD (forced expiratory volume in the first sec. (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio<0.7 following bronchodilator administration) and 3,995 without COPD (in addition, 9,435 invited participants were non-responders and 331 were excluded). The costs were adjusted for gender, age, co-morbidity and educational level. RESULTS Health care-related costs were 4,779 (2,404-7,154) Danish kroner (DKK) higher for participants with COPD than for those without COPD, and 2,882 (556-5,208) DKK higher than for non-responders. The higher costs were mainly due to the cost of medicines and inpatient care. The health-care costs increased with disease severity Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD grade). In participants<65 years of age, the annual cost of social benefits and transfer payments was 15,901 (5,966-25,837) DKK higher and the total costs were 20,454 (7,559-33,350) DKK higher in those with COPD than in those without COPD; this was due mostly to the high cost of dis-ability pensions. CONCLUSION Health care-related costs and costs for social benefits and transfer payments were higher for participants with COPD than for non-COPD participants and non-responders. FUNDING This study was supported by The Obel Family Foundation, The Danish Lung Association and The Health Insurance Foundation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not relevant.
The Role of Mindfulness in Reducing the Adverse Effects of Childhood Stress and Trauma

Research suggests that many children are exposed to adverse experiences in childhood. Such adverse childhood exposures may result in stress and trauma, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality into adulthood. In general populations and trauma-exposed adults, mindfulness interventions have demonstrated reduced depression and anxiety, reduced trauma-related symptoms, enhanced coping and mood, and improved quality of life. Studies in children and youth also demonstrate that mindfulness interventions improve mental, behavioral, and physical outcomes. Taken together, this research suggests that high-quality, structured mindfulness instruction may mitigate the negative effects of stress and trauma related to adverse childhood exposures, improving short- and long-term outcomes, and potentially reducing poor health outcomes in adulthood. Future work is needed to optimize implementation of youth-based mindfulness programs and to study long-term outcomes into adulthood.
07 17 7 v 2 2 4 Ju l 2 00 0 Geometric Bounds on Kaluza-Klein Masses

We point out geometric upper and lower bounds on the masses of bosonic and fermionic Kaluza-Klein excitations in the context of theories with large extra dimensions. The characteristic compactification length scale is set by the diameter of the internal manifold. Based on geometrical and topological considerations, we find that certain choices of compactification manifolds are more favoured for phenomenological purposes.
Revisiting the Influence of Numerical Language Characteristics on Mathematics Achievement: Comparison among China, Romania, and U.S.

Eastern Asian students repeatedly outperform U.S. students in mathematics. Some suggest that number-naming languages consistent with the base-10 number system found in many Eastern Asian countries presumably contribute to their students’ better understanding of the base-10 system and consequential performance. Such language features do not exist in English or other Western languages. The current study tests this assumption by comparing base-10 knowledge of students in kindergarten and first-grade from China, Romania, and U.S. who have developed number-naming language abilities but received relatively little formal school instruction. It is expected that since Chinese number-naming is linguistically more transparent and consistent with the base-10 system, Chinese students should outperform both their Romanian and U.S. peers. Romanians should show intermediate performance between Chinese and U.S. students since Romanian language is somewhat transparent and consistent with a base-10 system while English numbernaming language is least consistent. However, the analysis of this study revealed that although Chinese children outperformed both Romanian and U.S. counterparts in accomplishing base-10 tasks, there were no significant differences between Romanian and U.S. children. This finding suggests that the extent to which number-naming language is linguistically transparent and consistent with the base-10 system may not necessarily align with the level of children’s understanding of the base-10 system and relevant mathematics performances.
Search Result Diversification via Filling Up Multiple Knapsacks

Result diversification is a topic of great value for enhancing user experience in many fields, such as web search and recommender systems. Many existing methods generate a diversified result in a sequential manner, but they work well only if the preceding choices are optimal or close to the optimal solution. Moreover, a manually tuned parameter (say,λ) is often required to trade off relevance and diversity. This makes it difficult to know whether the failures are caused by the optimization criterion or the setting of λ. In context of web search, we formulate the result diversification task as a 0-1 multiple subtopic knapsack problem (MSKP), where a subset of documents are optimally chosen like filling up multiple subtopic knapsacks. This formulation yields no trade-off parameters to be specified beforehand. Solving the 0-1 MSKP is NP-hard, we treat the optimization of 0-1 MSKP using a graphical model over latent binary variables as a maximum posterior inference problem, and tackle it with the max-sum belief propagation algorithm. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed 0-1 MSKP model, we conduct a series of experiments on two TREC diversity collections. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods significantly, not only in terms of standard diversity metrics (α-nDCG, nERRIA and subtopic recall), but also in terms of efficiency.
Magnetic control of potential microrobotic drug delivery systems: Nanoparticles, magnetotactic bacteria and self-propelled microjets

Development of targeted drug delivery systems using magnetic microrobots increases the therapeutic indices of drugs. These systems have to be incorporated with precise motion controllers. We demonstrate closed-loop motion control of microrobots under the influence of controlled magnetic fields. Point-to-point motion control of a cluster of iron oxide nanoparticles (diameter of 250 nm) is achieved by pulling the cluster towards a reference position using magnetic field gradients. Magnetotactic bacterium (MTB) is controlled by orienting the magnetic fields towards a reference position. MTB with membrane length of 5 μm moves towards the reference position using the propulsion force generated by its flagella. Similarly, self-propelled microjet with length of 50 μm is controlled by directing the microjet towards a reference position by external magnetic torque. The microjet moves along the field lines using the thrust force generated by the ejecting oxygen bubbles from one of its ends. Our control system positions the cluster of nanoparticles, an MTB and a microjet at an average velocity of 190 μm/s, 28 μm/s, 90 μm/s and within an average region-of-convergence of 132 μm, 40 μm, 235 μm, respectively.
Building a Knowledge Base for Implementing a Web-Based Computerized Recommendation System

Understanding the web user browsing behaviour in order to adapt a web site to the needs of a particular user represents a key issue for many commercial companies that do their business over the Internet. This paper presents the implementation of a Knowledge Base (KB) for building web-based computerized recommender systems. The Knowledge Base consists of a Pattern Repository that contains patterns extracted from web logs and web pages, by applying various web mining tools, and a Rule Repository containing rules that describe the use of discovered patterns for building navigation or web site modification recommendations. The paper also focuses on testing the effectiveness of the proposed online and offline recommendations. An ample real-world experiment is carried out on a web site of a bank.
Optimization of the Higher Density Discrete Wavelet Transform and of Its Dual Tree

We propose a parameterization of the finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters that generate the higher density discrete wavelet transform (HD-DWT). The parameterization has the form of a linear system whose variables are the coefficients of two positive trigonometric polynomials. The parameterization allows the easy separation of independent variables and can be used to transform the optimization of HD-DWT into semidefinite programming (SDP) form. Using the parameterization, we are able to optimize filters whose length is greater than the minimal one imposed by regularity constraints. We also propose two optimization methods for the dual-tree HD-DWT. The first generalizes the design based on allpass approximation of the half sample delay. The second is a brute force optimization based on generating values for the independent variables by using successive sections through the admissible set. As optimization criteria, we use an analyticity measure in the latter method and stopband energy in the former ones. For each type of design, we present examples and compare them with previous work.
The _{} version of Newman’s Inequality for lacunary polynomials

The principal result of this paper is the establishment of the essentially sharp Markov-type inequality $$\|xP^{\prime}(x)\|_{L_p[0,1]} \leq \left(1/p+12 \left(F{\sum^n_{j=0}} (\lambda_j + 1/p)\right)\right) \|P\|_{L_p[0,1]}$$ for every $P \in \text{span}\{x^{\lambda_0}, x^{\lambda_1}, \ldots, x^{\lambda_n}\}$ with distinct real exponents $\lambda_j$ greater than $-1/p$ and for every $p \in [1, \infty]$. A remarkable corollary of the above is the Nikolskii-type inequality $$\|y^{1/p}P(y)\|_{L_\infty[0,1]} \leq 13 \left({\sum^n_{j=0}} (\lambda_j + 1/p)\right)^{1/p} \|P\|_{L_p[0,1]}$$ for every $P \in \text{\rm span}\{x^{\lambda_0}, x^{\lambda_1}, \ldots, x^{\lambda_n}\}$ with distinct real exponents $\lambda_j$ greater than $-1/p$ and for every $p \in [1, \infty]$. Some related results are also discussed.