Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In situ formation of the massive stars around SgrA

The formation of the massive young stars surrounding SgrA* is still an open question. In this paper, we simulate the infall of an isothermal, turbulent molecular cloud towards the Galactic Centre (GC). As it spirals towards the GC, the molecular cloud forms a small and dense disc around SgrA*. Efficient star formation (SF) is expected to take place in such a dense disc. We model SF by means of sink particles. At ~6x10^5 yr, ~6000 solar masses of stars have formed, and are confined within a thin disc with inner and outer radius of 0.06 and 0.5 pc, respectively. Thus, this preliminary study shows that the infall of a molecular cloud is a viable scenario for the formation of massive stars around SgrA*. Further studies with more realistic radiation physics and SF will be required to better constrain this intriguing scenario.
An approach to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through virtual machine migrations in a sustainable cloud federation

Nowadays, Cloud federation is paving the way toward new business scenarios in which it is possible to enforce more flexible energy management strategies. Considering independent Cloud providers, each one is exclusively bound to the specific energy supplier powering its datacenter. The situation radically changes if we consider a federation of cooperating Cloud providers. In such a context, a proper migration of virtual machines among providers can lead to a global energy sustainability strategy. In this paper, we present a new strategy to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in federated Cloud ecosystems. More specifically, we propose a solution that allows providers to determine the best green destination where virtual machines should be migrated in order to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions of the whole federated environment.
Assessing the Current Market of Sunscreen: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sunscreen Availability in Three Metropolitan Counties in the United States

Sunscreen use is recommended for the prevention of sunburn and skin cancer. Little is known regarding sunscreen availability in high versus low income communities. We analyzed sunscreen availability in three large metropolitan counties to determine the relationship between availability and community demographics. We included sun care products in all pharmacies and supermarkets open as of July 2013 in representative high and low income zip codes in Cook County, Illinois, Miami-Dade County, Florida, and San Diego County, California. We recorded the percentage of tanning oil, sunscreens with a sun protection factor (SPF) < 15, SPF > 15, physical sunscreens, spray sunscreens, mean price per ounce (PPO), and mean SPF. Of the total products assessed, 11.0% were tanning oils, with physical sunscreens accounting for only 3.4% of the available sunscreens and 46.2% of sunscreens being spray-on. A comparison between higher and lower income zip codes demonstrated a significantly increased percentage of sunscreens with SPF < 15 in high income zip codes. Lower income zip codes had higher percentages of sunscreens with SPF > 15 and higher PPO, even when taking into account SPF. Further studies of sunscreen usage patterns in different populations must take into account sunscreen availability and price, as these significantly differ based on the community demographic.
Low discrepancy holographic image sampling

Self‐similar progressive image sampling schemes that have been recently proposed for holographic image representations are shown to generate two‐dimensional low discrepancy sequences. The discrepancy of a planar set of points is a measure of the uniformity of their placement in the plane. Sequences, or planar sets of points with low discrepancy, cover the image domain as uniformly as possible. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 155–167, 2005
Parking system with space modeling to improve parking efficiency and parking revenue

It has been observed that last five years the sale of cars has been increased drastically because the ownership of car not restricted to rich people but it is extended to upper middle class people. Rich peoples are preferred the size of vehicle in luxury segment, as the slot size are fixed it is very difficult to park this type of vehicle which required more space to park. To overcome this problem a Matlab based system is used to park different size vehicle, according to the requirements slot can be managed. This paper deals with the development of simulation model for parking system with space modeling that emphasizes on the performance, namely the parking probability. This system is very useful to vehicle owner as well as public or private parking owners, with the help of this system parking efficiency and parking revenue can be increased. This system is very effectively useful as compared to the existing parking system because it use to minimize the time consumed for finding the nearest available slot and increase the utility of space.
Semantic-Aware Components and Services of ActiveMath The ActiveMath group :

ActiveMath is a complex Web-based adaptive learning environment with a number of components and interactive learning tools. The basis for handling semantics of learning content is provided by its semantic (mathematics) content markup which is additionally annotated with educational metadata. Several components, tools, and external services can make use of that content markup, for instance a course generator, a semantic search engine, and user input evaluation services. The components and services have to communicate, pass content and state changes, actions, etc including mathematical semantics and educational markup. The novel event infrastructure supports this communication. This article focuses on usage of the content’s semantics by selected novel components and sketches the communication.
CLCuMuB βC1 Subverts Ubiquitination by Interacting with NbSKP1s to Enhance Geminivirus Infection in Nicotiana benthamiana

Viruses interfere with and usurp host machinery and circumvent defense responses to create a suitable cellular environment for successful infection. This is usually achieved through interactions between viral proteins and host factors. Geminiviruses are a group of plant-infecting DNA viruses, of which some contain a betasatellite, known as DNAβ. Here, we report that Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) uses its sole satellite-encoded protein βC1 to regulate the plant ubiquitination pathway for effective infection. We found that CLCuMu betasatellite (CLCuMuB) βC1 interacts with NbSKP1, and interrupts the interaction of NbSKP1s with NbCUL1. Silencing of either NbSKP1s or NbCUL1 enhances the accumulation of CLCuMuV genomic DNA and results in severe disease symptoms in plants. βC1 impairs the integrity of SCFCOI1 and the stabilization of GAI, a substrate of the SCFSYL1 to hinder responses to jasmonates (JA) and gibberellins (GA). Moreover, JA treatment reduces viral accumulation and symptoms. These results suggest that CLCuMuB βC1 inhibits the ubiquitination function of SCF E3 ligases through interacting with NbSKP1s to enhance CLCuMuV infection and symptom induction in plants.
Prospective Memory: A New Focus for Research

Prospective memory is required for many aspects of everyday cognition, its breakdown may be as debilitating as impairments in retrospective memory, and yet, the former has received relatively little attention by memory researchers. This article outlines a strategy for changing the fortunes of prospective memory, for guiding new research to shore up the claim that prospective memory is a distinct aspect of cognition, and to obtain evidence for clear performance dissociations between prospective memory and other memory functions. We begin by identifying the unique requirements of prospective memory tasks and by dividing memory's prospective functions into subdomains that are analogous to divisions in retrospective memory (e.g., short- versus long-term memory). We focus on one prospective function, called prospective memory proper; we define this function in the spirit of James (1890) as requiring that we are aware of a plan, of which meanwhile we have not been thinking, with the additional consciousness that we made the plan earlier. We give an operational definition of prospective memory proper and specify how it differs from explicit and implicit retrospective memory and how it might be empirically assessed.
Reconstruction of Elderly Toy Design Tactics Based on Cognitive Aging Characteristics

Starting from the function of toys for the aged,it analyzed the important base role of cognitive.Based on the information processing of cognitive behavior,it analyzed the related cognitive psychology factors involved sensory organ function,processing speed,working memory and inhibition,and also analyzed the effects of cognitive habits and living environment.It drew the conclusions that elderly cognitive was declining with age and characterized by the declining in abilities of information perception,processing and anti-interference,and decreasing in the sensitivity of information.Based on this,it proposed three strategies of toy design for the aged: according with the cognitive habits,easy to use,enhancing intelligence tactics.
SPEED SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF SENSORLESS INDUCTION MACHINE

In this paper, a direct field-oriented induction motor drive with a sliding mode controller (SMC) is presented. The design includes rotor speed estimation from measured stator terminal voltages and currents. For that reason we have defined a simple speed estimator. The (SMC) technique finds its stronger justification in the utilization of a robust nonlinear control law to model uncertainties. The used control algorithm is a sliding mode associated with a particular function “sat” to limit chattering effects that presents a serious problem in applications to variable structure systems. Simulation tests under load disturbances and parameter uncertainties are provided to evaluate the consistency and performance of the proposed control technique. K e y w o r d s: induction machine, motor drives, sliding mode control, sensorless machine The control of the induction machine (IM) must take into account machine specifics: the high order of the model, nonlinear functioning as well as the coupling between the different variables of control. Furthermore, the machine parameters depend generally on the operating point and vary either on the temperature (resistance), or with the magnetic state of the induction machine, without taking into account the variation. These parametric variations modify the performances of the control system when we use a regulator or a control law with fixed parameters. The new industrial applications necessitate speed variators having high dynamic performances, good precision in permanent regime, high capacity of overload in the whole range of speed and robustness to different perturbations. Thus, the recourse to robust control algorithms is desirable in stabilization and in tracking trajectories. The variable structure control (VSC) possesses this robustness using the sliding mode control that can offer many good properties such as good performance against unmodelled dynamics, insensitivity to parameter variation, external disturbance rejection and fast dynamic [5–11]. These advantages of sliding mode control can be employed in the position and speed control of an alternative current servo system. Using field oriented control (FOC) of the induction machine, the knowledge of rotor speed and flux is necessary. Tachogenerators or digital shaft-position encoders are usually used to detect the rotor speed of motors. These speed sensors lower the system reliability and require special attention to noise. In addition, for some special applications such as very high-speed motor drives, there exist difficulties in mounting these speed sensors. Recently many researches have been carried on the design of speed sensorless control schemes. In this work the speed is obtained based on the measurement of stator voltages and currents. However, the estimation is usually complex and heavily dependent on machine parameters. Therefore, although sensorless vector-controlled drives are commercially available at this time, the parameter uncertainties impose a challenge in the control performances. In this paper, we begin with the IM oriented model �
Getting into shape: epidermal morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos

The change in shape of the C. elegans embryo from an ovoid ball of cells into a worm‐shaped larva is driven by three events within the cells of the hypodermis (epidermis): (1) intercalation of two rows of dorsal cells, (2) enclosure of the ventral surface by hypodermis, and (3) elongation of the embryo. While the behavior of the hypodermal cells involved in each of these processes differs dramatically, it is clear that F‐actin and microtubules have essential functions in each of these processes, whereas contraction of actomyosin structures appears to be involved specifically in elongation. Molecular analysis of these processes is revealing components specific to C. elegans as well as components found in other systems. Since C. elegans hypodermal cells demonstrate dramatically different behaviors during intercalation, enclosure and elongation, the study of cytoskeletal dynamics in these processes may reveal both unique and conserved activities during distinct epithelial morphogenetic movements. BioEssays 23:12–23, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitative Evaluation of Human Cerebellum-Dependent Motor Learning through Prism Adaptation of Hand-Reaching Movement

The cerebellum plays important roles in motor coordination and learning. However, motor learning has not been quantitatively evaluated clinically. It thus remains unclear how motor learning is influenced by cerebellar diseases or aging, and is related with incoordination. Here, we present a new application for testing human cerebellum-dependent motor learning using prism adaptation. In our paradigm, the participant wearing prism-equipped goggles touches their index finger to the target presented on a touchscreen in every trial. The whole test consisted of three consecutive sessions: (1) 50 trials with normal vision (BASELINE), (2) 100 trials wearing the prism that shifts the visual field 25° rightward (PRISM), and (3) 50 trials without the prism (REMOVAL). In healthy subjects, the prism-induced finger-touch error, i.e., the distance between touch and target positions, was decreased gradually by motor learning through repetition of trials. We found that such motor learning could be quantified using the “adaptability index (AI)”, which was calculated by multiplying each probability of [acquisition in the last 10 trials of PRISM], [retention in the initial five trials of REMOVAL], and [extinction in the last 10 trials of REMOVAL]. The AI of cerebellar patients less than 70 years old (mean, 0.227; n = 62) was lower than that of age-matched healthy subjects (0.867, n = 21; p < 0.0001). While AI did not correlate with the magnitude of dysmetria in ataxic patients, it declined in parallel with disease progression, suggesting a close correlation between the impaired cerebellar motor leaning and the dysmetria. Furthermore, AI decreased with aging in the healthy subjects over 70 years old compared with that in the healthy subjects less than 70 years old. We suggest that our paradigm of prism adaptation may allow us to quantitatively assess cerebellar motor learning in both normal and diseased conditions.
Performance evaluation in trust enhanced decentralised content distribution networks

Content Delivery Networks (CDN) have become a key architecture in the provision of today's Internet based services like Video on Demand. A higher degree of decentralisation in the implementation of CDNs is the next possible step to ensure quality levels but also to be more Internet Service Provider (ISP) friendly in the operation of CDNs. This paper discusses the impact of trust enhancements into peer-to-peer (P2P) based content distribution protocols using the BitTorrent protocol as an example.
QrnPro: New Processor Architecture for Accelerating Quran Applications

Quran applications include image/video processing, voice recognition, encrypting/decrypting data, etc., which are based on data parallelism. These applications are characterized by structured and regular computations on large data sets. In this paper, new processor architecture called QrnPro is proposed to accelerate Quran applications. QrnPro exploits data parallelism found in Quran applications by adding the vector processing technique to VLIW architecture. QrnPro uses VLIW architecture for processing multiple independent scalar instructions concurrently on parallel execution units. Moreover, data parallelism is expressed by vector instructions and processed on the same parallel execution units of the VLIW architecture. This combination between VLIW and vector processing makes efficient exploitation of resources even though the percentage of data parallelism is not 100%. Instruction memory of size 256×128-bit stores scalar/vector instructions of Quran applications in the form of 128-bit VLIW. A single register file (8-vector×16-element×32-bit or 128×32-bit registers) is used for storing both multi-scalar/vector elements. The control unit feeds the parallel execution units by the required operands (multi-scalar/vector elements) and can produce up to 4×32-bit results each clock cycle. Scalar/vector loads/stores take place from/to the data memory (512×128-bit) of QrnPro in a rate of 128-bit (4×32-bit elements) per clock cycle. Finally, the writeback stage writes up to four results (4×32-bit) per clock cycle coming from the memory system or from the execution units into the QrnPro register file. The design of our proposed QrnPro is implemented using VHDL targeting the Xilinx FPGA Virtex-5, XC5VLX110T-3FF1136 device and its performance is evaluated.
Running Head: VERBS AND NOUNS 24-Month-Old Infants’ Interpretations of Novel Verbs and Nouns in Dynamic Scenes

The current experiments address several concerns, both empirical and theoretical in nature, that have surfaced within the verb-learning literature. They begin to reconcile what, until now, has been a large and largely unexplained gap between infants’ well-documented ability to acquire verbs in the natural course of their lives and their rather surprising failures to do so in many laboratory-based tasks. We presented 24-month-old infants with dynamic scenes (e.g., a man waving a balloon), and asked a) whether infants could construe these scenes flexibly, noticing the consistent action (e.g., waving) as well as the consistent object (e.g., the balloon) and b) whether their construals of the scenes were influenced by the grammatical form of a novel word used to describe them (verb or noun). Infants successfully mapped novel verbs to event categories (e.g., waving events) and novel nouns to object categories (e.g., balloons). Moreover, infants’ representations were sufficiently abstract to permit them to extend novel verbs and nouns appropriately beyond the precise scenes on which they had been taught.
Wavelet-Based Multiscale Anisotropic Diffusion With Adaptive Statistical Analysis for Image Restoration

The anisotropic diffusion techniques are in general efficient to preserve image edges when they are used to reduce noise. However, they are not very effective to denoise those images that are corrupted by a high level of noise mainly for the lack of a reliable edge-stopping criterion in the partial differential equation (PDE). In this paper, a new algorithm is developed to tackle this problem. The main contribution of this paper is in the construction of a new regularization method for the PDE by using the over-complete dyadic wavelet transform (DWT). It proposes to perform anisotropic diffusion in the more stationary DWT domain rather than directly in the raw noisy image domain. In the DWT domain, since noise tends to decrease as the scale increases, at each scale, noise has less influence on the PDE than that in the raw noisy image domain. As a result, the edge-stopping criterion and other partial derivative measurements in the PDE become more reliable. Furthermore, there is no need to do Gaussian smoothing or any other smoothing operations. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce noise while preserving image edges.
GEOMATICS FOR COLLABORATIVE INNOVATION

: Twenty-ﬁrst century systemic global change in health, water, environment, energy, business and socio-economic structures is challenging our communities’ management of resources. For a community to adapt to this systemic change, while maintaining and even enhancing its economy and quality of life, the World Economic Forum has recognized the need for new approaches to enable collaborative innovation (CI) and related action among both the leadership and concerned members of the community. Many see the web as an approach to CI and as a new form of creativity machine that can augment our intelligence. This paper outlines the concepts of an approach to CI based on asset mapping and how it has been supported through a web-based technological framework. Based on the experience using the framework in designing and building over 50 systems that incorporate asset-mapping CI, it is clear that CI takes many forms. We illustrate some of these forms through speciﬁc examples in environment and socio-economic development and planning. We conclude that it is not possible to build a single set of tools to support CI. Rather a framework and a set of meta-tools is needed which can be used to build tailored systems to ﬁt speciﬁc situations that arise when web-based collaboration is to occur. The Centre for Community Mapping and the Computer Systems Group at the University of Waterloo are using the Web Informatics Development Environment (WIDE) to support collaborative innovation, with services related to temporal and spatial data, distributed role-based access controls, reporting, document management, social networks and other collaboration tools. Two examples are discussed:
Structured Testing of Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis Methods

Knowing the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of a program is necessary when designing and verifying real-time systems. When WCET analysis tools are used to estimate the WCET, the tool is a critical part of the system design and must be correct. In this paper we present a methodology for systematically testing WCET analysis tools. The methodology is based on a decomposition of WCET analysis into a set of components that should be tested and validated in isolation. Our testing methodology does not require that we have a perfect model of the hardware, and the validation of the hardware model is considered as a separate problem. We illustrate the usage of our testing methodlogy for the pipeline analysis and calculation phase of our WCET analysis method.
Gamifying Fitness or Fitnessifying Games: a Comparative Study

Fitnessor exergames are ubiquitously available, but often lack the main ingredient of successfully gamified systems: fun. This can be attributed to the typical way of designing such games – highly focusing on specific physical activities, thus, gamifying fitness. Instead, we propose a novel alternate approach to improve motivation for exergaming, which we call fitnessification: integrating physical exercise into very popular games that have been developed keeping fun in mind and frequently are played for long periods of time – so-called AAA games. In order to evaluate this concept, we have conducted a comparative study examining voluntary participants’ reactions to testing an ergometer controlled casual game as well as a modified AAA game. Results indicate strong tendencies of players preferring the newly introduced AAA approach over the casual fitness game.