Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Existence of Maximum Likelihood Estimates in Regression Models for Grouped and Ungrouped data

SUMMARY In general, concavity of the log likelihood alone does not imply that the MLE exists always. For a class of linear regression models for grouped and ungrouped data, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of the maximum likelihood estimator. This condition has an intuitively simple interpretation. Further, it turns out that there are similar necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maximum likelihood estimates for a number of other non-linear models such as Cox's Regression Model. For a given set of data, these conditions may be verified by Linear Programming Methods.
Power-Efficient and Aging-Aware Primary/Backup Technique for Heterogeneous Embedded Systems

One of the essential requirements of embedded systems is a guaranteed level of reliability. In this regard, fault-tolerance techniques are broadly applied to these systems to enhance reliability. However, fault-tolerance techniques may increase power consumption due to their inherent redundancy. For this purpose, power management techniques are applied, along with fault-tolerance techniques, which generally prolong the system lifespan by decreasing the temperature and leading to an aging rate reduction. Yet, some power management techniques, such as Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), increase the transient fault rate and timing error. For this reason, heterogeneous multicore platforms have received much attention due to their ability to make a trade-off between power consumption and performance. Still, it is more complicated to map and schedule tasks in a heterogeneous multicore system. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a power management method for a heterogeneous multicore system that reduces power consumption and tolerates both transient and permanent faults through primary/backup technique while considering core-level power constraint, real-time constraint, and aging effect. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed method in terms of reducing power consumption compared to the state-of-the-art schemes, together with guaranteeing reliability and considering the aging effect.
Effect of Non-Metallic Inclusions on the Hot Ductility of High-Mn Steels

The aim of the work was to determine the effect of non-metallic inclusions on the hot ductility of two newly de - veloped high-Mn austenitic steels (27Mn-4Si-2Al and 24Mn-3Si-1.5Al-Ti). For this purpose, a hot tensile test was carried out in the temperature range from 1050°C to 1200°C with a constant strain rate of 2.5⸱10 -3 s -1 . The tests were performed on the Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator. Hot ductility of tested steels was defined by determining the reduction in area (% RA). Examined steels demonstrate diversified hot ductility. Clearly higher hot ductility was noted for the 24Mn-3Si-1.5Al-Ti steel. The reduction in area of this steel in the temperature range from 1050°C to 1200°C decreases from approx. 90% to about 58%, while the reduction in area of the 27Mn-4Si-2Al steel, in the same temperature range, decreases from approx. 66% to about 34%. The presence of single, reg-ular-shaped AlN particles and complex MnS-AlN-type non-metallic inclusions was revealed in the 27Mn-4Si-2Al steel. Whereas fine (Ce, La, Nd)S-type sulphides, properly modified with rare earth elements, were identified in the 24Mn-3Si-1.5Al-Ti steel. The AlN-type inclusions and complex MnS-AlN-type inclusions were not revealed in the 24Mn-3Si-1.5Al-Ti steel. This is due to the presence of Ti microaddition, the concentration of which guaranteed binding of the whole nitrogen into stable TiN-type nitrides. Sulphides, disclosed in the 24Mn-3Si-1.5Al-Ti steel, are globular or slightly elongated in the direction of plastic deformation, as confirmed by a very low value of the elongation factor equal 1.48. This creates the opportunity to produce sheets of high strength and ductility and low anisotropy of mechanical properties.
PHENOTYPIC, GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATIONS

and in many instances the estimate of a phenotypic correlation is reported smaller in magnitude than that of the corresponding genetic correlation, e.g. with certain poultry records, in Lerner & Cruden [1948], sheep records in Morley [1951] and with certain dairy records in VanVleck [1960] and Searle [1961]. Such results may seem a little unexpected at first sight since phenotype includes genotype and one might anticipate the correlation between phenotypes to be larger than that between genotypes. When estimates have not followed this pattern the explanation is sometimes given that a phenotypic correlation less than a genetic correlation is the result of a negative environmental correlation in the records of the two traits. This paper investigates the relationship between these three correlations on the basis of a linear model, and demonstrates the situations in which this explanation is correct. Other comparisons are also made.
Comparison of Allocation Strategies of Specialized Physicians

As an aging population increases the demand for medical care, hospitals will have to increase the number of medical equipment and examiners to cope with the surge in demand for medical tests due to increased dependence on diagnostic equipment. However, doctors have different abilities and patients have a variety of diseases. Therefore, less skilled physicians cannot serve patients with complex diseases and need to consult jointly with more skilled physicians. This paper considers the influence of setting the service ability of physician system separately, studies the waiting time and queue length of patients in two systems with and without specialized physicians, and optimizes the configuration mode of physicians. It is found that when the consultation rate is higher than the threshold value, the optimal decision under the condition of not overloading is not to set a specialist. When the consultation rate is below the threshold, a specialist is appointed.
HAPSEA: Hydraulically Amplified Soft Electromagnetic Actuator for Haptics

Novel actuators that can provide squeeze, vibration, and localized forces while remaining soft and comfortable are essential for next-generation augmented reality applications. Despite this need, there are currently few soft actuator topologies that can provide high forces and high bandwidths at low voltages and temperatures. In this work, we present a new type of soft electromagnetic actuator architecture for haptics. These low-cost, easy-to-manufacture, and conformal actuators are composed of a coil, magnet, thin-film material, and water. Adding a thin ferromagnetic sheet further enables the creation of a latching actuator variant, which can improve force output while reducing power consumption. Each actuator combines low voltage (up to 2 V), high-bandwidth electromagnetics with hydraulics to amplify force output. In addition to force amplification, the hydraulics provide cooling and thermal mass, which enable the actuator to be used safely in wearables for longer durations. In this work, we characterize the output forces, frequency response, efficiency, and thermal profiles of the prototype actuators. Results from tabletop experiments show that with hydraulic amplification, a nonlatching actuator is able to exert 1.3 N of force at 4 A, and a latching actuator is able to exert up to 5.2 N when preloaded with 3.7 N of compression. Furthermore, the prototype actuator has a bandwidth of 30 Hz when operating in air. After 120 s of continuous operation (1.3 W) in ambient air (26$^{\circ }$C), the maximum actuator temperature reaches 36$^{\circ }$C, making it safe for haptic applications. Using these designs, we develop a prototype wearable wristband device that can render body-grounded squeeze and vibration. By expanding on the operating principles described in this work, novel augmented reality applications can potentially become possible.
Study of Hidden-Charm and Hidden-Bottom Pentaquark Resonances in the Quark Model

Inspired by the LHCb observation of hidden-charm pentaquarks, i.e., Pc(4312), Pc(4440), and Pc(4457) in the J/ψp invariant mass spectrum, a calculation of the J/ψp scattering cross-section was performed using the quark-delocalization color screening model. The results show that Pc(4312) can be identified as a hidden-charm molecular state ΣcD with JP=12−. The two-peak structure can be reproduced around 4450 MeV, which corresponds to Pc(4440) and Pc(4457). They are the resonances molecular states ΣcD* of JP=12− and JP=32−. Moreover, the Σc*D* of both JP=12− and JP=32− are possible molecular pentaquarks. Moreover, in the same theoretical frame, the calculation is extended to the Pc-like molecular pentaquarks, denoted as Pb. Several hidden-bottom pentaquarks with masses above 11 GeV and narrow widths were obtained. All of these heavy pentaquarks are worth exploring in future experiments.
Impact of Music Therapy on Fetus and Mother by sonography

— Pregnancy is one of the remarkable and noble services imposed by nature for the continuity of species results in birth of children. Music therapy used as Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) now a days. Pregnancy is a condition in which mother have to face various psychological and mood changes activates, gynecologist always trying to handle them without using a drug, because drug in form of chemical can affect growth and development of fetus. Many congenital disorders are the result of the use of various types of drugs such as Ectromelia, Phocomelia etc. use in pregnancy. To avoid such conditions gynecologists are always trying to minimize the use of drugs during pregnancy. The present study is aimed to use the pleasant sounds for emotional regulation, relaxation and pain management, help in parturition, anxiety, stress and facilitate the child’s growth and development. Present study prove that if pleasant sounds used scientifically, it will be helpful to control pregnancy mood swing and pain management of mothers and growth and development of fetus. Music increases the unborn child’s heartbeat, movement, sound stimulation enhances the brain’s maturation, the Mozart effect boosts creativity and cognitive skills, and in utero listening to lullabies improves postnatal sleeping habits. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of music therapy on cardiac activity parameters of fetus and movement of fetus through abdominal ultrasonography in antenatal mother in the 8 week to 36(till delivery) through different types of music (Pop, Classical, Folk, Instrumental, Punjabi, Religious).
Innovation Pattern Heterogeneity and Crisis Resilience

We use the new taxonomy for innovative firms developed based on microlevel data from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS2018) on a sample of 6360 Norwegian firms, and information on users of COVID-19-related compensation schemes for firms with significant loss of turnover and furloughed employees to analyse how resilient different innovative firms have been to the crisis (in both the short and the long run). By using different probabilistic regression models, we study the probability of firms being affected negatively during the pandemic period between March 2020 and February 2022 covering three waves of societal restrictions in Norway. Our main assumption is that all firms were hit by a shock at an early stage due to a complete lockdown in March 2020, but that firms were more resilient if they either did not use the compensation schemes or used them for a briefer period than the less resilient firms. We find “active R&D doers” to be most resilient, while “strategic adapters” (firms with a main strategy of producing high-quality products for a specific group of customers) are found to be least resilient. These results imply that pre-existing innovation capabilities are important for meeting the crisis.
Face Recognition and Semantic Features

The authors present a face recognition scheme based on semantic features' extraction from faces and tensor subspace analysis. These semantic features consist of eyes and mouth, plus the region outlined by three weight centres of the edges of these features. The extracted features are compared over images in tensor subspace domain. Singular value decomposition is used to solve the eigenvalue problem and to project the geometrical properties to the face manifold. They compare the performance of the proposed scheme with that of other established techniques, where the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
Study on Instability Characteristics of the Directional Borehole on the Coal-Seam Roof: A Case Study of the Tingnan Coal Mine

Directional long drilling on the roof is an effective gas control measure in the goaf, but there is little research on the stability of the surrounding rock. In this study, the geological conditions of the #4 coal seam in the Tingnan Coal Mine, Shaanxi Province, China taken as the application background, and the deformation characteristics of boreholes under four typical coal and rock conditions were first analyzed based on the Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) numerical simulation. Secondly, the stress, strain, and plastic deformation of the rock surrounding the borehole with different diameters were carried out using the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua 3D (FLAC 3D). The effect of the casing on the stability of the borehole was also simulated. The results showed that the borehole stability of coal and mudstone was lower than that of fine-grained sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone. The larger the borehole diameter, the lower the stability. The borehole tended to be unstable, especially when the diameter was 160 mm and 200 mm. Traditional pipes can provide some protection, but for large boreholes, the protection is poor. Based on the above research, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on various internal support tubes, such as ‘line-shaped’, ‘Y-shaped’, and ‘cross-shaped’. The results showed that the cross-shaped pipe had the highest compressive strength, which was 4–5 times that of the other types of protective pipe and had a good protective effect. The research results can provide reliable technical support for the protection of directional boreholes on roofs through strata and have important implications for the popularization and application of the directional long borehole technique.
Rethinking the Person Localization for Single-Stage Multi-Person Pose Estimation

Single-stage models for multi-person pose estimation have garnered significant attention due to their streamlined approach in generating person position localization and body structure perception in a single pass. These two parts, however, are processed individually by existing methods, leading to suboptimal results, e.g., candidates with high confidences for person localization while poor structure estimations. To this end, we propose a simple yet effective approach, namely Structure-guided Person Localization (SPL), jointly leveraging the advantages of the two aspects to solve the multi-person pose estimation problem, with two complementary novelties. First, we propose to incorporate body structure perception to guide person position localization, consequently, we introduce the Structure-guided Center Learning (SCL) to unify the quality of the body structure perception in the displacement map with the confidence of the person existence in the center map, thus achieving more accurate keypoint position localization results even with extreme poses. Second, to facilitate the end-to-end training of SPL, we propose the efficient Agency-based Scale-adaptive Learning (ASL). Specifically, we predict an agency map of the same size as the center map, which focuses on the foreground area and can adaptively adjust the scale size for each central area with the body structure perception confidence. Comprehensive experiments on challenging benchmarks including COCO and CrowdPose clearly verify the superiority of our framework, which achieves new state-of-the-art single-stage multi-person pose estimation results. Specifically, SPL obtains 72.1 AP scores and 69.5 AP scores in COCO test-dev2017 and CrowdPose test set, respectively.
The Contribution of GPR to the Historical Research of Urban and Rural Landscapes of Antiquity

This article observes the main trends in GPR research through a bibliometric analysis of a large corpus of contributions published between 1996 and 2021. This review aims to identify the scope of a flourishing methodology that has changed with technological advances and improvements. GPR research is at a similar development stage to other geophysical analysis techniques. Among archaeologists and historians interested in applying new techniques, the use of GPR has emerged as a critical tool to review historical themes. Covering from a new perspective with possibilities of success to the extent that there is active collaboration with experts who bring to the research experience an appropriate multidisciplinary prism. This allowed us to highlight positive experiences and errors that help us improve and move forward. This article is presented in two distinct but ultimately complementary parts. First, bibliometric analysis of the use of GPR in archaeology is addressed based on Publish or Perish Software. Second, we narrow the discussion using GPR results applied to rural/urban archaeological contexts from Roman times and how they can contribute to the knowledge of past societies, being an essential resource for understanding the historical expression of the occupation, management, and uses of the territory and landscape.
Robust control synthesis of mechanical systems under unilateral constraints with an application to a biped robot

approved by: Dr. Yury Orlov Thesis Co-Director Dr. Yannick Aoustin Thesis Co-Director The primary concern of the work is robust control of hybrid mechanical systems under unilateral constraints of co-dimension one. Sufficient conditions for a local solution of the underlying H∞ control problem to exist are given in terms of the appropriate solvability of Hamilton–Jacobi–Isaacs partial differential inequalities, coupled to an extra condition on the plant reset in the closed-loop. Nonlinear H∞ output feedback synthesis is thus developed in the hybrid setting, covering collision phenomena. First, the regulation and orbital stabilization of a simple pendulum, impacting a barrier, illustrate the capability of the proposed approach via position feedback design. A reference model for such an illustration is designed by performing a bifurcation study for a hybrid modification of the popular Van der Pol oscillator, using the well-known method of Poincaré sections, and determining the set of damping parameters that allows to obtain a periodic motion. To add a practical value to the present investigation, the tracking synthesis of a walking gait is then addressed for a complex bipedal robot with actuated feet. Finally, the developed theory is extended towards the orbital stabilization of underactuated mechanical systems subject to unilateral constraints with underactuation degree one, and then applied to an underactuated bipedal robot periodically touching the ground. In our illustrative example and both applications, good performances are achieved despite imperfect measurements, and the presence of both external disturbances affecting the collision-free motion phase and uncertainties that occur in the collision phase.
Experiential Learning in an Online Setting: HOW Entrepreneurship Education Changed During the COVID-19 Pandemic

In March 2020, when the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, more than 90% of the world’s student population went through an unprecedented and sudden transition to distance learning. Although this was a challenging time for instructors across all disciplines, entrepreneurship educators faced the unique dilemma of preserving the experiential nature of entrepreneurship education in the online environment. We look at how entrepreneurship educators addressed experiential learning through online education during the pandemic and some of the solutions adopted given the experiential, hands-on nature of entrepreneurship education. We review the first wave of literature on the topic, and we offer the results of a recent survey of entrepreneurship educators who are members of the United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (USASBE). In doing this, we have added to a growing literature on the shift of entrepreneurial education to an online setting.
Computer-Mediated Communication Usage and Perceptions Amongst Rural Elderly in the Ningo-Prampram District

With the advancement of technology, the widespread use of mobile phones for internet access has become routine for many people. This trend has also impacted how the elderly maintain social relationships, which is a crucial aspect of healthy aging. To address this research question, a survey employing questionnaires was conducted, targeting a large sample of elderly individuals aged 50 years and above in the Ningo-Prampram district of Ghana. The study revealed that a significant number of respondents were hesitant to use social media, primarily due to the perception that it could disrupt communal culture and social relations. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the usage and perception of computer-mediated communication (CMC) among the elderly, including those from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Exploring these aspects could uncover valuable opportunities to improve the digital experiences and social well-being of the elderly population.
Food-Waste Valorisation: Synergistic Effects of Enabling Technologies and Eutectic Solvents on the Recovery of Bioactives from Violet Potato Peels

The recovery of valuable bioactive compounds from the main underutilised by-products of the food industry is one of the greatest challenges to be addressed in circular economy. Potato peels are the largest waste generated during potato processing. However, they could be a potential source of valuable bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, that can be reused as natural antioxidants. Currently, environmentally benign enabling technologies and new types of non-toxic organic solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds may dramatically improve the sustainability of these processes. This paper focuses on the potential inherent in the valorisation of violet potato peels (VPPs) by recovering antioxidants using natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) under ultrasound (US)- and microwave (MW)-assisted extraction. Both the enabling technologies provided performances that were superior to those of conventional extractions in terms of antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH· (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. In particular, the most promising approach using NaDES is proven to be the acoustic cavitation with a Trolox eq. of 1874.0 mmolTE/gExtr (40 °C, 500 W, 30 min), vs. the 510.1 mmolTE/gExtr of hydroalcoholic extraction (80 °C, 4 h). The shelf-life of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts have been assessed over a period of 24 months, and found that NaDES granted a 5.6-fold shelf-life extension. Finally, the antiproliferative activity of both hydroalcoholic and NaDES-VPPs extracts was evaluated in vitro using the MTS assay on human tumour Caco-2 cells and normal human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). In particular, NaDES-VPPs extracts exhibited a significantly more pronounced antiproliferative activity compared to the ethanolic extracts without a noteworthy difference between effects on the two cell lines.