Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FILTERING STRUCTURAL MODES IN AIRCRAFT: NOTCH FILTERS VS KALMAN FILTERS

Abstract The disturbances to an airframe's sensors caused by the flexibility of the airframe is called structural coupling. Notch filters are currently used to attenuate the effect that the structural modes have on the aircraft's inertial flight control sensors. However, this approach is becoming more problematic with modern combat aircraft. A complex model which is representative of an agile combat aircraft has been developed, and a Kalman filter has been designed to reduce the effects of structural coupling. This work forms part of an ongoing project in conjunction with BAE Systems.
Spatial Distribution Analysis of Wild Bird Migration in Qinghai Lake Based on Maximum Entropy Modeling

Species distribution analysis is becoming imperative in recent years. In this paper, we proposed the application of Maximum Entropy model to predict the species distribution from satellite tracking data and remote sensing data. We construct the 2-D geographic lattice to address the problem of huge calculating amounts resulting from the large amount GPS tracking records. The results of experiment showed the maxent model outperform the traditional classification in prediction, and the prediction results represented that the changing environment condition have directly impacts on wild species selection. We believe our method provide a useful step to understand the changing environment.
DIDIX: A D IGITAL D IVIDE I NDEX FOR M EASURING I NEQUALITY IN IT D IFFUSION T OBIAS H ÜSING

This article proposes a relatively simple indicator, DIDIX, that was developed in an EU -funded project to benchmark and track national digital divides within EU member states. Based on the relative diffusion of computers and the Internet in four disadvantaged socio-demographic groups (compared to national averages), the index is intended as a descriptive metric to compare basic levels of inclusion in EU-member states. Because it reaches lower levels at higher rates of diffusion, however, DIDIX is neither proposed as a way to identify diffusion patterns at an early stage
Juveniles adjudicated for sexual offenses: Fallacies, facts, and faulty policy

Significant changes to the juvenile justice system emerged in the last quarter of the twentieth century as a response to concern regarding increases in juvenile crime.1 On the whole, such changes increased the severity of sanctions applied to juvenile offenders, including, but not limited to, new mechanisms for juvenile waiver to adult court, blended sentencing options,2 and juvenile life without parole sentences.3 Concerns about an epidemic of juvenile violent crime coincided with an increasing focus on juvenile sexual crime, rooted in research indicating that many adult sex offenders’ deviant sexuality emerged during adolescence,4 as well as an increasing awareness that juveniles represent a significant proportion of arrests for sexual offenses each year (e.g., 15.56% of arrests for forcible rape and 16.97% of arrests for other sexual offenses in 20145). The resulting sudden demand for policy and treatment approaches to manage these juveniles led to the adoption of strategies based on what was known about adult sex offenders rather than a sound, developmentally informed approach.
Is Econometrics Useful for Private Policy Making ?

The goal of this paper is to illustrate the potential usefulness of econometrics as a tool to assist private policy makers. We provide a case study and detailed econometric analysis of the automobile replacement policy adopted by a large car rental company. Unlike public policy making — where the benefits from using econometric models and “science-based” approaches to policy making are hard to quantify because the outcomes of interest are typically subjective quantities such as “social welfare” — in the case of firms there is an objective, easily quantifiable criterion for judging whether policy A is better than policy B: profits. We introduce and estimate an econometric model of the rental histories of individual cars in the company’s fleet. Via stochastic simulations, we show that the model provides a good approximation to the company’s actual operations. In particular, the econometric model is able to reproduce the extraordinarily high rates of return that the company obtains on its rental cars, with average internal rates of return between purchase and sale of approximately 50%. However, the econometric model can simulate outcomes under a range of counterfactual vehicle replacement policies. We use the econometric model to simulate the profitability of an alternative replacement policy under pessimistic assumptions about the rate maintenance costs would increase and rental rates would have to be decreased if the company were to keep its rental cars longer than it does under the status quo. Depending on the vehicle type, we find that the company’s expected discounted profits would be between 6% to over 140% higher under the suggested alternative operating strategy where vehicles are kept longer and rental rates of older vehicles are discounted to induce customers to rent them. The company found this analysis to be sufficiently convincing that it undertook an experiment to verify the predictions of the econometric model.
Faster Clustering Coefficient Using Vertex Covers

Clustering coefficients, also called triangle counting, is a widely-used graph analytic for measuring the closeness in which vertices cluster together. Intuitively, clustering coefficients can be thought of as the ratio of common friends versus all possible connections a person might have in a social network. The best known time complexity for computing clustering coefficients uses adjacency list intersection and is O(V · dmax2), where dmax is the size of the largest adjacency list of all the vertices in the graph. In this work, we show a novel approach for computing the clustering coefficients in an undirected and unweighted graphs by exploiting the use of a vertex cover, V̂ ⊆ V. This new approach reduces the number of times that a triangle is counted by as many as 3 times per triangle. The complexity of the new algorithm is O(V̂ · ĥmax2 + tVC) where d̂max is the size of the largest adjacency list in the vertex cover and tVC is the time needed for finding the vertex cover. Even for a simple vertex cover algorithm this can reduce the execution time 10-30% while counting the exact number of triangles (3-circuits). We extend the use of the vertex cover to support counting squares (4-circuits) and clustering coefficients for dynamic graphs.
Land-use/land-cover classification with multispectral and hyperspectral EO-1 data

We compared the capability of the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion hyperspectral (HS) data with that of the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (ALI) multispectral (MS) data for discriminating different land-use and land-cover classes in Fremont, California. We designed a classification scheme of two levels with level I including general classes and level II including more specific classes. Classification shows that the HS data does not produce better results than the MS data when we directly applied a Mahalanobis distance (MD) classifier. We tested a number of feature reduction and extraction algorithms for the HS image. These algorithms include principal component analysis (PCA), segmented PCA (SEGPCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), segmented LDA (SEGLDA), penalized discriminant analysis (PDA) and segmented PDA (SEGPDA). Feature reductions were all followed by an MD classifier for image classification. With SEGPDA, SEGLDA, PDA, and LDA, similar accuracies were achieved while a segmentation-based approach we proposed (SEGPDA or SEGLDA) greatly improved computation efficiency. They all outperformed SEGPCA and PCA by 4 to 5 percent (level II) and 1 to 3 percent (level I) in classification accuracy. For level II classification, overall accuracies obtained by using the features extracted from the HS image were 2 to 3 percent greater than those obtained with the MS image. For various vegetation class and impervious land use categories, the HS data consistently produced better results than the MS data. For level I classification, the HS image generated a thematic map that is � 0.01 greater in kappa coefficient comparing to the MS image. When we collapsed the level II classification map to a level I map, 5 percent (HS) to 7 percent (MS) improvements were achieved.
Estimating the vertical variation of cloud droplet effective radius using multispectral near‐infrared satellite measurements

[1] This paper presents a satellite-based retrieval method for inferring the vertical variation of cloud droplet effective radius (DER) by utilizing multispectral near-infrared (NIR) measurements at 1.25, 1.65, 2.15, and 3.75 μm, available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite observations. The method is based on the principle that these multispectral NIR measurements convey DER information from different heights within a cloud, which is sufficient to allow for the retrieval of a linear DER vertical profile. The method is applicable to low-level, nonprecipitating, stratiform clouds as their DER often increases monotonically from cloud bottom to cloud top. As such, an optimum linear DER profile can be derived by comparing multispectral NIR measurements to corresponding model values generated for a large set of linear DER profiles. The retrieval method was evaluated and compared to the conventional 3.7-μm retrieval method by applying both methods to some marine stratocumulus clouds with in situ observations of microphysical profiles. Capable of capturing the DER variation trend, the retrieved linear DER profiles showed large improvement over the conventional 3.75-μm retrievals. Mean differences between the linear DER retrievals and observed profiles were generally small for both cloud top and bottom (<1.0 μm), whereas the conventional retrievals are prone to systematic overestimation near cloud bottom. The sensitivities of the linear DER retrieval to various parameters, as well as the error analyses, were also investigated extensively.
Bidimensional EMD infinite sifting

Calculating mean envelope is defined as an operation (mean envelope operation) in empirical mode decomposition (EMD). According to the filter bank structure of the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD), the hypothesis about the mean envelope operation on the band limited two-dimensional signal is brought out. With this hypothesis, the guess of the BEMD infinite sifting is deduced. In the end, the guess is validated primarily with some experiments.
Clinical Interventions in Aging Dovepress Behavioral Emergency in the Elderly: a Descriptive Study of Patients Referred to an Aggression Response Team in an Acute Hospital

hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Aim: The management of severely agitated elderly patients is not easy, and limited guidelines are available to assist practitioners. At a Sydney hospital, an Aggression Response Team (ART) comprising clinical and security staff can be alerted when a staff member has safety concerns. Our aims were to describe the patient population referred for ART calls, reasons for and interventions during ART calls, and complications following them. Methods: Patients 65 years and older referred for ART calls in the emergency department or wards during 2014 were identified using the Incident Information Management System database and medical records were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: Of 43 elderly patients with ART calls, 30 had repeat ART calls. Thirty-one patients (72%) had underlying dementia, and 22 (51%) were agitated at the time of admission. The main reasons for ART calls were wandering and physical aggression. Pharmacological sedation was used in 88% of the ART calls, with a range of psychotropics, doses, and routes of administration , including intravenous (19%) and, most commonly, midazolam (53%). Complications were documented in 14% of cases where sedation was used. Conclusion: We observed a high frequency of pharmacological sedation among the severely agitated elderly, with significant variance in the choice and dose of sedation and a high rate of complications arising from sedation, which may be an underestimate given the lack of post-sedation monitoring. We recommend the development of guidelines on the management of behavioral emergency in the elderly patients, including de-escalation strategies and standardized psychotropic guidelines.
Temporal Contiguity Training Influences Behavioral and Neural Measures of Viewpoint Tolerance

Humans can often recognize faces across viewpoints despite the large changes in low-level image properties a shift in viewpoint introduces. We present a behavioral and an fMRI adaptation experiment to investigate whether this viewpoint tolerance is reflected in the neural visual system and whether it can be manipulated through training. Participants saw training sequences of face images creating the appearance of a rotating head. Half of the sequences showed faces undergoing veridical changes in appearance across the rotation (non-morph condition). The other half were non-veridical: during rotation, the face simultaneously morphed into another face. This procedure should successfully associate frontal face views with side views of the same or a different identity, and, according to the temporal contiguity hypothesis, thus enhance viewpoint tolerance in the non-morph condition and/or break tolerance in the morph condition. Performance on the same/different task in the behavioral experiment (N = 20) was affected by training. There was a significant interaction between training (associated/not associated) and identity (same/different), mostly reflecting a higher confusion of different identities when they were associated during training. In the fMRI study (N = 20), fMRI adaptation effects were found for same-viewpoint images of untrained faces, but no adaptation for untrained faces was present across viewpoints. Only trained faces which were not morphed during training elicited a slight adaptation across viewpoints in face-selective regions. However, both in the behavioral and in the neural data the effects were small and weak from a statistical point of view. Overall, we conclude that the findings are not inconsistent with the proposal that temporal contiguity can influence viewpoint tolerance, with more evidence for tolerance when faces are not morphed during training.
Testing Top Monotonicity

Top monotonicity is a relaxation of various well-known domain restrictions such as single-peaked and single-crossing for which negative impossibility results are circumvented and for which the median-voter theorem still holds. We examine the problem of testing top monotonicity and present a characterization of top monotonicity with respect to non-betweenness constraints. We then extend the definition of top monotonicity to partial orders and show that testing top monotonicity of partial orders is NP-complete.
Detection of Moving Objects with a Mobile Omni-directional Camera

The omni-directional camera has a full range in all directions, which gains the complete field of view. In the past, a moving object can be detected, only when the camera is static or moving with a known speed. In this paper, we assume an omni-directional camera is mounted on a moving platform, which travels with a planar motion. The region of floor in the omni-directional image and the brightness constraint equation are applied to estimate the ego-motion. Using the estimated ego-motion, the optical flow caused by the floor motion can be computed. Therefore, comparing its direction with the direction of the optical flow on the image leads to detection of a moving object. Even if the camera is in the condition that combining translational and rotational motions, a moving object can still be accurately identified.
The development of disability concepts in childhood : a domain-specific cognition perspective

of Thesis This thesis examines the development of children's disability concepts from a domainspecific cognition perspective. Previous research into children's concepts of disability is lacking and has been rarely linked to cognitive developmental theories. One particular set of theories suggest that children represent knowledge in domain-specific ways and that prior to formal education, children evidence three core knowledge domains; a naive physics, a naive psychology and a naive biology, which provide causalexplanatory frameworks for interpreting everyday events (Wellman & Gelman, 1992; Hirschfeld & Gelman, 1994). Children's disability concepts are employed to explore how children utilise these foundational knowledge domains in their reasoning of complex phenomena. There were two principal objectives. Firstly, to examine the role of core knowledge domains in children's reasoning about disability and how this may change with age. Secondly, to provide a more comprehensive overview of the content, structure and development of children's disability concepts. Studies la and lb explored which core knowledge domains children use to reason about disability. Using a semi-structured interview schedule, four to five, six to seven, nine to ten and eleven to twelve year-olds (N = 77) were asked open-ended questions about the consequences (Study la), causes, controllability and chronicity of different disabilities (Study lb). The results showed that by age seven, children's disability concepts are mainly conceptualised within naive physics and naive biology. The use of multiple causal-explanatory frameworks did not emerge until eleven years of age. Older children had significantly more cohesive concepts of disability and were able to differentiate the causes of various disabilities. The results showed an early appreciation of the physical and biological nature of disabilities but highlights methodological limitations of open-ended interview methods.
Rechts-, Wirtschafts-und Verwaltungswissenschaftliche Sektion Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften Diskussionspapiere Der Dfg- Forschergruppe (nr.: 3468269275): Heterogene Arbeit: Positive Und Normative Aspekte Der Qualifikationsstruktur Der Arbeit Firm Foundations and Human Capital Investments: th

The current analysis introduces human capital investments which – as all other investment projects – must be carried out given ex-ante uncertain returns. This return uncertainty reflects that particular ex-post ability realizations may or may not induce the possibility to engage in profitable entrepreneurial activity. Managed firms which recruit randomly while offering a certain wage-income cannot be kept from entering the industry. However, if it is individual beneficial to seek employment in such firms, given that human capital investments are sunk, the resulting industry structure provides less incentives to invest than a purely entrepreneurial industry. While it remains true that entrepreneurial firms – if they exist – are founded by teams of superior realized abilities, the equilibrium analysis reveals a rather different perspective of the incentive mechanism. Human capital investments are not so much necessary in order to induce entrepreneurial activity. Rather, entrepreneurial activity provides the effective incentives to invest in human capital. This distinction is important to note. Due to the risk-shifting property associated with employment in managed firms, policies directed at maximizing entrepreneurial activities will generally fail to implement an efficient solution. As with every other incentive mechanism, incentive compatibility constitutes a constraint on the possibility to achieve a first-best solution.
Business intelligence software as a service (SAAS)

One of the scariest aspects of doing business is the failure to come up with the right decision. This is one of the reasons why many businesses have failed because of one small wrong decision. So the aim of this paper is to develop web based business intelligence software as a service to help the enterprise to maximize the profit by analyzing the data and providing detailed graphical view of the business performance and to be able to take decision based on facts, and with the cloud computing technique the user will be able to access the data from anywhere.
A Performance Comparison of the Ad Hoc Network Protocols

Simulation and comparison of the routing protocols for network topology hold a significant position in the performance evaluation of wireless networks. This paper aims to experimentally compare and analyze the performance of four wireless network protocols in ad hoc network: AODV, DSR, DSDV, and OLSR. In the experiments, these protocols are simulated using NS2 environment. The comparison results suggest that DSDV and OLSR perform better in the small networks or the network with strict requirement on time, whereas AODV and DSR are more adaptable in the large scale networks or networks with high throughputs.
MPEG-7 Scalable Robust Audio Fingerprinting

Much interest has recently been received by systems for audio fingerprinting which enable automatic identification of audio content by extracting unique signatures from the signal. Requirements for such systems include robustness to a wide range of signal distortions and availability of fast search methods, even for large fingerprint databases. This paper describes the provisions of the MPEG-7 standard for audio fingerprinting which allow for interoperability of fingerprint information generated according to the open standardized specification for extraction. In particular, it discusses the ability to generate scalable fingerprints providing different trade-offs between fingerprint compactness, temporal coverage and robustness of recognition, and gives experimental results for various system configurations. KASTNER ET AL. MPEG-7 SCALABLE ROBUST AUDIO FINGERPRINTING
Exploring the role of social capital in community-based physical activity: qualitative insights from parkrun

Abstract There is a need to address social inequalities related to health and physical activity. Taking a practice-led approach to intervention research, this paper uses the case of parkrun – a rapidly growing weekly running initiative – to explore the potential of free, community-based opportunities to improve physical activity in low socio-economic groups. Our approach departs from individualistic behavioural research and draws on the concept of social capital in order to add to the sociological understanding of physical (in)activity. Interviews were carried out with previously inactive parkrun participants and were analysed thematically through the lens of social capital. Our analysis illustrates how: (1) participants often draw on existing social ties (family, friends, neighbours and colleagues) to initiate their participation in parkrun, (2) participants invest in and benefit from the aggregate labour of the wider parkrun community (their network of social relations) and therefore are privy to significant practical and affective support and (3) participants utilise acquired social capital to accumulate cultural capital related to injury management, performance and health. These findings add qualitative insight into existing literature highlighting social capital as a key resource in the initiation and maintenance of physical activity. In the ongoing effort to provide viable physical activity opportunities for low socio-economic groups, we optimistically argue that volunteer-led, community-based initiatives have the capacity to mobilise resource through social networks. However, in the context of persistent socio-economic inequalities, it is likely that relying on existing social capital to promote health-enhancing behaviour will limit the impact of this approach.