Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport Optimism Bias Study Recommended Adjustments to Optimism Bias

Authors Bert De Reyck, Professor and Director, UCL School of Management, University College London Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Associate Professor, Darden School of Business, University of Virginia Ioannis Fragkos, Assistant Professor, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam Jeremy Harrison, Honorary Research Associate, University College London and Director, Faithfields Daniel Read, Professor, Warwick Business School
Medical Policy Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Newborns Subject : Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Newborns

1. Technology Assessment Nitric Oxide inhalation (iNO) therapy is a noninvasive treatment for PPHN that involves inhalation of gaseous nitric oxide in conjunction with ventilator support. The potential of exogenous NO as a therapeutic agent is based on its potent vasodilator properties and its ability to be delivered as a gas to the lung. Exogenous NO increases the partial pressure of arterial oxygen by dilating pulmonary vessels in better ventilated areas of the lung. NO inhalation therapy, in conjunction with ventilatory support, has been investigated for the treatment of term and near-term newborns, ≥ 34 weeks gestational age, with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with clinical or echocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension.
Drunk driving and drowsiness detection

Development of safety features to prevent drunk and drowsy driving is one of the major technical challenges in the automobile industry. Driving while being drunk or drowsy is a major reason behind road accidents especially in the modern age. Driving when drowsy can lead to higher crash risk than being in alert state. Therefore, by using assistive systems to monitor driver's level of alertness can be of significant help in prevention of accidents. This paper aims towards the detection of driver's drowsiness using the visual features approach along with drunk detection using alcohol sensor. Driver drowsiness is based on real-time detection of the driver's head, face and mouth, where-in HAAR-Cascade classifier for face and eye detection and template matching in the mouth region for yawning detection. The system will also have an alcohol detection sensor which will determine whether the driver is drunk or not, thus covering the major reasons behind road accidents.
Dominant peak-means clustering for color image segmentation

This paper presents a fully automatic color image segmentation. Colors of the pixels are used to partition the color space into clusters. Firstly the dominant peaks of the histograms of Red, Green, and Blue planes are detected using a peak detection algorithm. Then dominant peaks of these three histograms are used to define the initial number of clusters and their centroids. Finally a clustering algorithm is used to update the number of clusters and their centroids. Using these final cluster centroids each pixel is labeled to one of these clusters to segment the color image. The proposed algorithm is validated using Berkeley and Corel image data set. The result shows that our proposed method is faster and better in comparison to one of the land mark method JSEG.
Epoxy/α‐alumina nanocomposite with decreased dielectric constant and dielectric loss

In this work, the dielectric spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal spectroscopy of neat epoxy and epoxy nanocomposites modified by boehmite, γ-alumina and α-alumina nanoparticles, respectively, were investigated. The dielectric behavior of epoxy resin was significantly affected by the incorporation of α-alumina nanofiller. The values of real and imaginary part of relative permittivity of epoxy/α-alumina nanocomposite were even lower than these of neat epoxy. On the contrary, these values of boehmite and γ-alumina nanocomposites were higher than these of neat epoxy. The glass transition temperature (Tg) determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) was obviously decreased when boehmite nanofiller was added into the epoxy nanocomposite. The value of Tg was slightly decreased by γ-alumina and apparently increased by α-alumina nanofiller. These changes of performance may be attributed to that the existence of α-alumina nanoparticles restricted the mobility of polymer molecular chains. POLYM. COMPOS. , 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparision of OELs with EL and LCD and Their Application Prospects

Performances of organic EL,inorganic EL and LCD(liquid crystalline display) are compared and bright future has been brought forward. Because inorganic thin film EL has no blue color component and must work in alternating current with high voltage up to 100V,fabrication of color super-thin displays will be difficult; and super-thin displays with high resolution will also be fabricated with difficulty using powder phosphors with several μm. Therefore,inorganic thin film ELD and powder ELD can not compared with OELDs. The volume of OELD will be a half of LCD and power consuming of OELD will be intensively lower than that of LCD. Newest trends of OELD development are also reviewed: there are two kinds of device structures used,that is:electro-fluorescent devices with blurry interface structure with fluorescent dye-dopant, electro-phosphorescent devices with phosphorescent dye dopant,are the main current in the development of OELD.
Viewport-Driven Rate-Distortion Optimized 360º Video Streaming

The growing popularity of virtual and augmented reality communications and $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ video streaming is moving video communication systems into much more dynamic and resource-limited operating settings. The enormous data volume of $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ videos requires an efficient use of network bandwidth to maintain the desired quality of experience for the end user. To this end, we propose a framework for viewport-driven rate-distortion optimized $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ video streaming that integrates the user view navigation pattern and the spatiotemporal rate-distortion characteristics of the $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ video content to maximize the delivered user quality of experience for the given network/system resources. The framework comprises a methodology for constructing dynamic heat maps that capture the likelihood of navigating different spatial segments of a $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ video over time by the user, an analysis and characterization of its spatiotemporal rate-distortion characteristics that leverage preprocessed spatial tilling of the $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ view sphere, and an optimization problem formulation that characterizes the delivered user quality of experience given the user navigation patterns, $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ video encoding decisions, and the available system/network resources. Our experimental results demonstrate the advantages of our framework over the conventional approach of streaming a monolithic uniformly-encoded $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ video and a state-of-the-art reference method. Considerable video quality gains of 4 - 5 dB are demonstrated in the case of two popular 4K $\mathbf{360^\circ}$ videos.
Mangafodipir as a cardioprotective adjunct to reperfusion therapy: a feasibility study in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

AIMS The aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of applying the catalytic antioxidant mangafodipir [MnDPDP, manganese (Mn) dipyridoxyl diphosphate] as a cardioprotective adjunct to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation (STE) myocardial infarction (STEMI). Both MnDPDP and a metabolite (Mn dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine) possess properties as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetics and iron chelators, and combat oxidative stress in various tissues and conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS The study tested MnDPDP (n = 10) vs. saline placebo (n = 10), given as a brief intravenous (i.v.) infusion prior to balloon inflation during pPCI in patients with STEMI. Mangafodipir was well tolerated and did not affect heart rate or blood pressure. Despite longer ischaemic time (205 vs. 144 min, P = 0.019) in the MnDPDP group, plasma biomarker releases were identical for the two groups. With placebo vs. MnDPDP, mean STE resolutions were 69.8 vs. 81.9% (P = 0.224) at 6 h and 73.1 vs. 84.3% (P = 0.077) at 48 h. Cardiac magnetic resonance revealed mean infarct sizes of 32.5 vs. 26.2% (P = 0.406) and mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fractions of 41.8 vs. 47.7% (P = 0.617) with placebo vs. MnDPDP. More LV thrombi were detected in placebo hearts (5 of 8) than MnDPDP-treated hearts (1 of 10; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Mangafodipir is a safe drug for use as an adjunct to reperfusion therapy. A tendency to benefit of MnDPDP needs confirmation in a larger population. The study revealed important information for the design of a Phase II trial.
Global localization in SLAM in bilinear time

In this paper we study the global localization problem in SLAM: the determination of the vehicle location in a previously mapped environment with no other prior information. We show that, using a grid sampling representation of the configuration space, it is possible to evaluate all vehicle location hypotheses in the environment (up to a certain resolution) with a computational cost that is bilinear: linear both in the number of map features and in the number of sensor measurements. We propose a pairing-driven algorithm that considers only individual measurement-feature pairings and thus, in contrast with current correspondence space algorithms, it avoids searching in the exponential correspondence space. It uses a voting strategy that accumulates evidence for each vehicle location hypothesis, assuring robustness to noise in the sensor measurements and environment models. The general nature of the proposed strategy allows the consideration of different types of features and sensor measurements. Using the popular Victoria Park dataset, we compare its performance with location-driven algorithms where the solution space is usually randomly sampled. We show that the proposed pairing-driven technique is computationally more efficient in proportion to the density of features in the environment.
Non-genetic resistant mechanism to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitory therapy

Despite initial high response rate to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose tumors harbour activating mutation in their epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) gene invariably develop TKI resistance. Secondary mutation T790M in EGFR and MET amplification were found in over 50% tumors. However, there are up to 30% of cases, whose mechanisms underlying the acquired resistance remains unknown. In this study, we used whole-genome loss-of-function shRNA library screen and mRNA expression microarray to identify LAYN, EPDR1 and DNMT1 that could potentially confer TKI resistance in NSCLC cell lines. Unfortunately, knockdown of them using shRNA hairpins did not restore drug sensitivity in drug resistant models. Further studies are needed to investigate the resistance mechanism of TKI resistant NSCLC cell lines.
Critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions

Ex situ conservation tools, such as captive breeding for reintroduction, are considered a last resort to recover threatened or endangered species, but they may also help reduce anthropogenic threats where it is difficult or impossible to address them directly. Headstarting, or captive rearing of eggs or neonate animals for subsequent release into the wild, is controversial because it treats only a symptom of a larger conservation problem; however, it may provide a mechanism to address multiple threats, particularly near population centers. We conducted a population viability analysis of Australia's most widespread freshwater turtle, Chelodina longicollis, to determine the effect of adult roadkill (death by collision with motor vehicles), which is increasing, and reduced recruitment through nest predation from introduced European red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). We also modeled management scenarios to test the effectiveness of headstarting, fox management, and measures to reduce mortality on roads. Only scenarios with headstarting from source populations eliminated all risks of extinction and allowed population growth. Small increases in adult mortality (2%) had the greatest effect on population growth and extinction risk. Where threats simultaneously affected other life‐history stages (e.g., recruitment), eliminating harvest pressures on adult females alone did not eliminate the risk of population extinction. In our models, one source population could supply enough hatchlings annually to supplement 25 other similar‐sized populations such that extinction was avoided. Based on our results, we believe headstarting should be a primary tool for managing freshwater turtles for which threats affect multiple life‐history stages. We advocate the creation of source populations for managing freshwater turtles that are greatly threatened at multiple life‐history stages, such as depredation of eggs by invasive species and adult mortality via roadkill.
Shear Correction Factors in Creep-Damage Analysis of Beams, Plates and Shells

Modern design rules for thin-walled structures which operate at elevated temperatures are based on the demand that the creep and may be the damage behaviour should be taken into account. In the last four decades various models including the scalar or tensor valued hardening and damage variables are established. These models reflect the influence of the deformation or the damage induced anisotropy on the creep response. One problem in creep analysis of thin-walled structures is the selection of the structural mechanics model which has to be adequate to the choice of the constitutive equations. Considering complex loading conditions the structural mechanics model has to reflect for instance the different constitutive behaviour in tension and compression. Below the applicability of classical engineering models for beams, plates and shells to the creep-damage analysis is discussed. It will be shown that a first improvement of the classical approach can be given within the assumptions of the first order shear deformation theory. Based on the beam equations we demonstrate that the shear correction factors have to be modified within the time-step analysis.
Boosting Adversarial Attacks with Momentum

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which poses security concerns on these algorithms due to the potentially severe consequences. Adversarial attacks serve as an important surrogate to evaluate the robustness of deep learning models before they are deployed. However, most of existing adversarial attacks can only fool a black-box model with a low success rate. To address this issue, we propose a broad class of momentum-based iterative algorithms to boost adversarial attacks. By integrating the momentum term into the iterative process for attacks, our methods can stabilize update directions and escape from poor local maxima during the iterations, resulting in more transferable adversarial examples. To further improve the success rates for black-box attacks, we apply momentum iterative algorithms to an ensemble of models, and show that the adversarially trained models with a strong defense ability are also vulnerable to our black-box attacks. We hope that the proposed methods will serve as a benchmark for evaluating the robustness of various deep models and defense methods. With this method, we won the first places in NIPS 2017 Non-targeted Adversarial Attack and Targeted Adversarial Attack competitions.
Upper‐body kinematics in team‐handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike

Overarm movements are essential skills in many different sport games; however, the adaptations to different sports are not well understood. The aim of the study was to analyze upper‐body kinematics in the team‐handball throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike, and to calculate differences in the proximal‐to‐distal sequencing and joint movements. Three‐dimensional kinematic data were analyzed via the Vicon motion capturing system. The subjects (elite players) were instructed to perform a team‐handball jump throw, tennis serve, and volleyball spike with a maximal ball velocity and to hit a specific target. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three overarm movements were found in 17 of 24 variables. The order of the proximal‐to‐distal sequencing was equal in the three analyzed overarm movements. Equal order of the proximal‐to‐distal sequencing and similar angles in the acceleration phase suggest there is a general motor pattern in overarm movements. However, overarm movements appear to be modifiable in situations such as for throwing or hitting a ball with or without a racket, and due to differences at takeoff (with one or two legs).
Evaluation of acellular dermal graft (AlloDerm) sheet for soft tissue augmentation: a 1-year follow-up of clinical observations and histological findings.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the long-term clinical persistence and histological appearance of subdermally implanted acellular dermal graft (AlloDerm) sheets and intradermal type I bovine collagen cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (Zyplast). PATIENTS Ten adult patients (5 men and 5 women; average age, 46 years; age range, 37-59 years) not allergic to bovine collagen. METHODS AlloDerm sheets were implanted surgically in a subdermal plane in one postauricular crease, and Zyplast was injected intradermally on the opposite side. AlloDerm and Zyplast implants were digitally photographed and their apparent volumes calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after implantation. A specimen was removed at 3 and 12 months and examined histologically for collagen persistence, host tissue invasion, and inflammatory reaction. RESULTS The apparent implant volume of the AlloDerm sheets decreased during the first 6 months and then stabilized over the next 6 months. By contrast, Zyplast was progressively absorbed, with complete loss of clinical effect by 6 months. Histological analysis of implanted AlloDerm sheets demonstrated progressive repopulation of the graft with minimal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS AlloDerm sheets seem to provide stable soft tissue augmentation after an early period of resorption and are clearly superior to Zyplast injections for long-term, large-volume, soft tissue correction. Recommendations for clinical use include routine overcorrection, with subsequent augmentation delayed by at least 6 months.
Assessment of changes in the nasal airway after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion in young adults.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate changes in the volume and cross-sectional area of the nasal airway before and 1 year after nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME) in young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen patients (mean age, 22.7 years; 10 women, four men) with a transverse discrepancy who underwent cone beam computed tomography before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 year after (T2) expansion were retrospectively included in this study. The volume of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx and the cross-sectional area of the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of the nasal airway were measured and compared among the three timepoints using paired t-tests. RESULTS The volume of the nasal cavity showed a significant increase at T1 and T2 ( P < .05), while that of the nasopharynx increased only at T2 ( P < .05). The anterior and middle cross-sectional areas significantly increased at T1 and T2 ( P < .05), while the posterior cross-sectional area showed no significant change throughout the observation period ( P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the volume and cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity increased after MARME and were maintained at 1 year after expansion. Therefore, MARME may be helpful in expanding the nasal airway.
Image denoising using wavelet and support vector regression

Wavelet image denoising has been well acknowledged as an important method of denoising in image processing. This paper describers a new method for the suppression of noise in image by fusing the wavelet denoising technique with support vector regression (SVR). Based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), a new denoising operators used in the wavelet domain are obtained. Simulated noise images are used to evaluate the denoising performance of the proposed algorithm along with the other wavelet-based denoising algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed denoising method outperforms standard wavelet denoising techniques in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio and the prevented edge information in most cases. It also achieves better performance than the median filter.
East or west: the energetic cost of being a gray whale and the consequence of losing energy to disturbance

: Western gray whales (WGW) Eschrichtius robustus are considered one of the world’s most endangered baleen whale populations. Development of oil and gas fields in northeastern Sakhalin, Russia, is a concern, because they overlap with WGW feeding grounds. Some WGW migrate ~10 000 km from feeding grounds around Sakhalin Island (Russia), to breeding grounds in Baja California (BajaC; Mexico) and possibly ~6000 km to the South China Sea (China). We developed a WGW female bioenergetics model to examine potential consequences of energy lost from foraging cessation caused by anthropogenic disturbance, and compared it to eastern gray whales (EGW). Energy loss was then linked to potential reductions in reproduction and survival. Mean total energy requirements were 11 and 15% greater for WGW breeding in BajaC and China, respectively, compared to EGW, due to longer migration distance (25%) to BajaC and higher metabolic rates at foraging grounds. However, this difference is minimal for EGW that use the northern extent of their foraging range. On average, WGW breeding in BajaC and China need 9 and 17% more energy for survival than EGW. Our model predicts that WGW mortality would likely occur at 38 to 40% annual energetic loss. Long-term yearly energy loss of <30% would re duce population growth due to lower reproductive rates. Ongoing yearly energy losses of >30% would result in adult female mortality the first year, followed by lower reproductive rates of survivors. Our model suggests that energy losses of >30% caused by disturbance should be considered a threshold for concern for this Critically Endangered population.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior of Bangkok Metropolitan Women Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening.

PURPOSE To assess knowledge, attitudes and cervical cancer screening behavior of Bangkok Metropolitan women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thai women, aged 25-to-65 years old, having lived in Bangkok for 5 years or more were invited to participate in the study. After signing informed consent, all women were asked to complete a self-questionnaire (Thai language) with literate assistance if needed. The questionnaire was divided into 3 parts: (I) demographic data; (II) knowledge about cervical cancer screening; and (III) behavior and attitudes, towards cervical cancer screening. Adequate screening was defined as women who had ≥two cervical cancer screening tests except women aged 25-30 years who may have only one screening, and the last screen was within 5 year or had had regular screening. RESULTS Of 4,339 women, there were 1,857 (42.8%) with adequate screening and 2,482 (57.2%) with inadequate screening. Significant factors associated with inadequate screening included age < 45 years, pre-menopausal status, family monthly income <625 USD, no reported sexual intercourse, nulliparous, no knowledge, lack of awareness and poor attitudes. Three major reasons provided by women for inadequate screening were no symptoms (54.4%), fear of pain (33.2%), and embarrassment (34.6%). CONCLUSIONS Personal features, knowledge, and attitudes influence screening behavior of Bangkok Metropolitan women. The three most common reasons of women for not undergoinging screening are no symptoms, fear of pain, and embarrassment. These factors should be the focus of attention to improve coverage of cervical cancer screening in Bangkok.