Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in VLSI Testing at MultiGb per Second Rates

1 Abstract: Today's high performance manufacturing of digital systems requires VLSI testing at speeds of multigigabits per second (multiGbps). Testing at Gbps needs high transfer rates among channels and functi onal units, and requires readdressing of data format and communication within a serial mode. This implies that a physical phenomena-jitter, is becomi ng very essential to tester operation. This establishes functional and design s hift, which in turn dictates a corresponding shift in test and DFT (Design for Tes tability) methods. We, here, review various approaches and discuss the tradeoffs in testing actual devices. For industry, volume-production stage and testing o f multigigahertz have economic challenges. A particular solution based on the conventional ATE (Au- tomated Test Equipment) resources, that will be dis cussed, allows for accurate testing of ICs with many channels and this systems can test ICs at 2.5 Gbps over 144 cannels, with extensions planned that will have test rates exceeding 5 Gbps. Yield improvement requires understanding failures a nd identifying potential sources of yield loss. This text focuses on diagnos ing of random logic circuits and classifying faults. An interesting scan-based diagn osis flow, which leverages the ATPG (Automatic Test Pattern Generator) patterns originally generated for fault coverage, will be described. This flow shows an ade quate link between the design automation tools and the testers, and a correlation between the ATPG patterns and the tester failure reports.
Single-Chip 220-GHz Active Heterodyne Receiver and Transmitter MMICs With On-Chip Integrated Antenna

This paper presents the design and characterization of single-chip 220-GHz heterodyne receiver (RX) and transmitter (TX) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) with integrated antennas fabricated in 0.1- μm GaAs metamorphic high electron-mobility transistor technology. The MMIC receiver consists of a modified square-slot antenna, a three-stage low-noise amplifier, and a sub-harmonically pumped resistive mixer with on-chip local oscillator frequency multiplication chain. The transmitter chip is the dual of the receiver chip by inverting the direction of the RF amplifier. The chips are mounted on 5-mm silicon lenses in order to interface the antenna to the free space and are packaged into two separate modules.
Clustering Vehicle Trajectories with Hidden Markov Models Application to Automated Traffic Safety Analysis

The importance of reducing the social and economic costs associated with traffic collisions can not be over-stated. The first goal of this research is to develop a method for automated road safety analysis using video sensors in order to address the problem of a dependency on the deteriorating collision data. The method will automate the extraction of traffic conflicts (near misses) from video sensor data. To our knowledge, there is limited research primarily applied to traffic conflicts. In this paper a method based on the clustering of vehicle trajectories is presented. The clustering uses a k-means approach with hidden Markov models and a simple heuristic to find the number of clusters automatically. Traffic conflicts can then be detected by identifying and adapting pairs of models of conflicting trajectories. The technique is demonstrated on real world video sequences of traffic conflicts.
Attitudes and beliefs of an albino population toward sun avoidance: advice and services provided by an outreach albino clinic in Tanzania.

OBJECTIVE To determine an albino population's expectations from an outreach albino clinic, understanding of skin cancer risk, and attitudes toward sun protection behavior. DESIGN Survey, June 1, 1997, to September 30, 1997. SETTING Outreach albino clinics in Tanzania. PARTICIPANTS All albinos 13 years and older and accompanying adults of younger children attending clinics. Unaccompanied children younger than 13 years and those too sick to answer questions were excluded. Ninety-four questionnaires were completed in 5 villages, with a 100% response rate. INTERVENTIONS Interview-based questionnaire with scoring system for pictures depicting poorly sun-protected albinos. RESULTS The most common reasons for attending the clinic were health education and skin examination. Thirteen respondents (14%) believed albinism was inherited; it was more common to believe in superstitious causes of albinism than inheritance. Seventy-three respondents (78%) believed skin cancer was preventable, and 60 (63%) believed skin cancer was related to the sun. Seventy-two subjects (77%) thought sunscreen provided protection from the sun; 9 (10%) also applied it at night. Reasons for not wearing sun-protective clothing included fashion, culture, and heat. The hats provided were thought to have too soft a brim, to shrink, and to be ridiculed. Suggestions for additional clinic services centered on education and employment. Albinos who had read the educational booklet had no better understanding of sun avoidance than those who had not (P =.49). CONCLUSIONS There was a reasonable understanding of risks of skin cancer and sun-avoidance methods. Clinical advice was often not followed for cultural reasons. The hats provided were unsuitable, and there was some confusion about the use of sunscreen. A lack of understanding of the cause of albinism led to many superstitions.
An Example of a Hierarchical System Model Using SEAM and its Formalization in Alloy

SEAM is an enterprise architecture method based on RM-ODP part 2. In this paper, we present an example of a SEAM hierarchical model where the behavioral part is formalized in Alloy. We introduce four kinds of actions and their relationships to properties that specify object state. We show that the Alloy formalization enables us to check that the SEAM model conforms to the required aspects of the universe of discourse.
Feature mapping based on GMM supervector

The channel or inter-session variability problem is one of the most important factors causing recognition errors in speaker recognition systems. In this paper, we have proposed three methods to estimate the channel supervector in the GMM supervector space to deal with this problem, namely EM clustering, PCA and NAP algorithms. Furthermore, feature mapping is applied to the MFCC after the estimation of channel supervector. The EER of the feature mapping system decreases by 34% relatively over the baseline GMM system in the NIST 2006 SRE core test.
Trace transitioning and exception handling in a trace-based JIT compiler for java

Trace-based Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation generates machine code for frequently executed paths (so-called traces) instead of whole methods. While this has several advantages, it complicates invocation of compiled traces as well as exception handling, so that previous trace-based compilers limited the way in which traces could be invoked. We present a significantly enhanced trace-based compiler where arbitrary transitions between interpreted and compiled traces are possible. For that, we introduce suitable trace calling conventions and extend exception handling to work both within traces and across trace boundaries. Furthermore, we use the recorded trace information for optimizations and combine the tracing ideas with ideas from partial-method compilation to avoid code bloat. An extensive evaluation with the benchmark suites DaCapo 9.12 Bach and SPECjvm2008 shows that our trace-based compiler achieves up to 59% higher peak performance than the method-based Java HotSpot client compiler. On a few benchmarks, our fairly simple trace-based compiler shows a higher peak performance than the Java HotSpot server compiler, which is one of today's best optimizing JIT compilers for Java.
Comparison of surgical conditions in 2 different anesthesia techniques of esmolol-induced controlled hypotension in breast reduction surgery

Background: Breast reduction surgery is a common cosmetic surgery with a high incidence of blood loss and transfusion. In this surgery, the reduction of blood loss related to surgical manipulation and the volume of resected tissue is a target. In the present study, we compared the effects of esmolol-induced controlled hypotension on surgical visibility, surgical bleeding, and the duration of surgery in patients anesthetized with propofol/remifentanil (PR) or sevoflurane/remifentanil (SR). Methods: Patients in the American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II risk group undergoing breast reduction surgery were prospectively randomized into PR (n = 25) and SR (n = 25) groups. Controlled hypotension was induced with esmolol in both groups. During the intraoperative period, the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), operation duration, volume of intraoperative blood loss, volume of blood received through postoperative drains, volume of resected tissues, and surgical area bleeding score were recorded. Results: The duration of operation in the incisional period was shorter in group PR compared to group SR (P = 0.04). The change in HR was lower in incision and hemostasis periods in the group PR compared to the group SR (P < 0.001). Total intraoperative intraoperative bleeding volume and volume of blood received through drains on postoperative postoperative day 1, day 2, and in total were found to be significantly lower in group PR compared to group SR. Surgical visibility scoring was more effective in group PR compared to SR. Conclusion: In the breast reduction surgery performed under esmolol-induced controlled hypotension, the effect of propofol + remifentanil anesthesia on the duration of incisional surgery, surgical visibility, and volume of surgical blood loss was more reliable and effective compared to that of sevoflurane + remifentanil, which seems to be an advantage.
Fatalism, Causal Reasoning, and Natural Hazards

Fatalism about natural disasters hinders action to prepare for those disasters, and overcoming this fatalism is one key element to preparing people for these disasters. Research by Bostrom and colleagues shows that failure to act often reflects gaps and misconceptions in citizen’s mental models of disasters. Research by McClure and colleagues shows that fatalistic attitudes reflect people’s attributing damage to uncontrollable natural causes rather than controllable human actions, such as preparation. Research shows which precise features of risk communications lead people to see damage as preventable and to attribute damage to controllable human actions. Messages that enhance the accuracy of mental models of disasters by including human factors recognized by experts lead to increased preparedness. Effective messages also communicate that major damage in disasters is often distinctive and reflects controllable causes. These messages underpin causal judgments that reduce fatalism and enhance preparation. Many of these messages are not only beneficial but also newsworthy. Messages that are logically equivalent but are differently framed have varying effects on risk judgments and preparedness. The causes of harm in disasters are often contested, because they often imply human responsibility for the outcomes and entail significant cost.
Progressive shape models

In this paper we address the problem of recovering both the topology and the geometry of a deformable shape using temporal mesh sequences. The interest arises in multi-camera applications when unknown natural dynamic scenes are captured. While several approaches allow recovery of shape models from static scenes, few consider dynamic scenes with evolving topology and without prior knowledge. In this nonetheless generic situation, a single time observation is not necessarily sufficient to infer the correct topology of the observed shape and evidences must be accumulated over time in order to learn the topology and to enable temporally consistent modelling. This appears to be a new problem for which no formal solution exists. We propose a principled approach based on the assumption that the observed objects have a fixed topology. Under this assumption, we can progressively learn the topology meanwhile capturing the deformation of the dynamic scene. The approach has been successfully experimented on several standard 4D datasets.
Ex Vivo Derived Primary Melanoma Cells: Implications for Immunotherapeutic Vaccines

Transformation of the pigment producing melanocytes into melanoma is a complex multi-step process involving the enhanced expression of various antigens considered as immunotherapeutic targets. Significant progress in melanoma research has been made over the years and has resulted in the identification of various antigens over expressed in melanoma as well as advances in immunotherapeutic treatments, which focus on modulating the immune systems response to melanoma. Despite these advances, incidences of melanoma are still on the rise thus warranting additional research in identifying new therapeutic treatments. Our focus is on developing a multivalent immunotherapeutic vaccine that targets various melanoma associated antigens. The approach focuses on the use of five primary patient derived melanoma cells (MEL-2, MEL-V, 3MM, KFM, and GLM-2, which have been characterized in this study. These cells express differential amounts of various melanoma associated antigens such as MART-1, gp100 (Pmel17), MAGE-A1 and tyrosinase as well a cell surface antigens essential for melanoma cell metastasis, such as CD146 and CD71. In addition these cells display differential in vitro migratory and invasive properties as well as have the ability to form solid tumors when implanted into BALB/c nude mice. The retention of the innate phenotype of these primary patient derived cells together with the expression of a multitude repertoire of melanoma associated antigens offers a novel opportunity to target melanoma so as to avoid immune evasion.
Cost Minimization for Big Data Processing in Geo-Distributed Data Centers

The explosive growth of demands on big data processing imposes a heavy burden on computation, storage, and communication in data centers, which hence incurs considerable operational expenditure to data center providers. Therefore, cost minimization has become an emergent issue for the upcoming big data era. Different from conventional cloud services, one of the main features of big data services is the tight coupling between data and computation as computation tasks can be conducted only when the corresponding data are available. As a result, three factors, i.e., task assignment, data placement, and data movement, deeply influence the operational expenditure of data centers. In this paper, we are motivated to study the cost minimization problem via a joint optimization of these three factors for big data services in geo-distributed data centers. To describe the task completion time with the consideration of both data transmission and computation, we propose a 2-D Markov chain and derive the average task completion time in closed-form. Furthermore, we model the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming and propose an efficient solution to linearize it. The high efficiency of our proposal is validated by extensive simulation-based studies.
Enterprise-wide Decision Support Systems : An Intelligent Approach July 1999

Organizations that operate from multiple locations have data and model resources distributed at various sites of the organization. Decision making is facilitated when these resources are brought to bear as part of an enterprise-wide decision support system. In this paper, we present an enterprise-wide decision support system (EDSS) that leverages existing model and data resources distributed at various organizational sites to facilitate decision making. The EDSS supports remote model executions and database access via a variety of methods. The EDSS architecture relies on an intelligent rule-based approach for generating and executing a sequence of models in response to user queries. An important feature of the our approach is that rules are independent of model and data resources and therefore support ease of maintenance as well as partitioning of domain knowledge, both desirable features in a distributed environment. Our rule-based approach also supports data hierarchies, queries that require integrating information from multiple sources, and user-controlled automation of model composition and execution. We present details of a research prototype that validates ideas presented in this paper.
Far-Ultraviolet Observations of the North Ecliptic Pole with SPEAR

We present SPEAR/FIMS far-ultraviolet observations near the north ecliptic pole. This area, at b ~ 30° and with intermediate H I column, seems to be a fairly typical line of sight that is representative of general processes in the diffuse interstellar medium. We detect a surprising number of emission lines of many elements at various ionization states, representing gas phases from the warm neutral medium to the hot ionized medium. We also detect fluorescence bands of H2, which may be due to the ubiquitous diffuse H2 previously observed in absorption.
Spatio-temporal patterns of gun violence in Syracuse, New York 2009-2015

Gun violence in the United States of America is a large public health problem that disproportionately affects urban areas. The epidemiology of gun violence reflects various aspects of an infectious disease including spatial and temporal clustering. We examined the spatial and temporal trends of gun violence in Syracuse, New York, a city of 145,000. We used a spatial scan statistic to reveal spatio-temporal clusters of gunshots investigated and corroborated by Syracuse City Police Department for the years 2009–2015. We also examined predictors of areas with increased gun violence using a multi-level zero-inflated Poisson regression with data from the 2010 census. Two space-time clusters of gun violence were revealed in the city. Higher rates of segregation, poverty and the summer months were all associated with increased risk of gun violence. Previous gunshots in the area were associated with a 26.8% increase in the risk of gun violence. Gun violence in Syracuse, NY is both spatially and temporally stable, with some neighborhoods of the city greatly afflicted.
Real time keyword extraction for e-learning system supporting quiz

In this paper, we propose a method to extract keywords from answers of a quiz. Teachers often do quizzes to grasp students' misunderstandings. But, quizzes in a large class are hard for teachers, especially in a descriptive answer type. Teachers grasp misunderstandings from descriptive answers by following procedure: (1) skimming keywords, (2) grasping usage of keywords, (3) read answers if necessary. Supporting step (1) and (2), teachers' burden would be reduced. We proposed the method extracting keywords by their frequency in answers and corpus. It is based on the idea: important words to answer a quiz are used frequently in its answers, and words also used frequently in corpus are common words, and not important. Since our method does not require complex analysis, it accept incomplete answers. Consequently, our method extracts keywords even during quizzes. With appropriate interface based on extracted keywords, teachers would grasp students' misunderstandings quickly and can improve their classes just after quizzes.
Heuristic for Simulation Checking

Equivalence checking is a common problem in formal software design. It is the process of determining whether two systems are equivalent to each other according to some mathematically deflned notion of equivalence. In this paper to improve e‐ciency we present a procedure, based on heuristic searches, for checking the well-know simulation relation deflned by Milner. We use heuristic mechanisms for the exploration of the search space, in order to avoid the construction of the complete state graph.
Social Status Moderates the Relationship Between Facial Structure and Aggression

A growing body of evidence has linked individual differences in facial structure—in particular, the facial width-to-height ratio (FWHR)—to social behaviors, including aggression, cheating, and nonreciprocation of trust. In the research reported here, we extended this work by demonstrating that the association between FWHR and aggression is moderated by subjective and objective measures of social status. In Study 1 (N = 237 college students), FWHR was positively correlated with aggressive behavior, but only among men reporting relatively low social status. In Study 2 (N = 891 professional hockey players), FWHR was positively correlated with penalty minutes, but only among players who earned relatively low salaries. Collectively, these studies provide compelling evidence for the role of social status in moderating the relationship between facial structure and aggression, indicating that FWHR is a robust predictor of aggressive behavior, but only in the context of relatively low social status.
Study on Pastures Ecological Footprint of Baotou Region

The ecological footprint, as an excellent tool, has received much attention as an indicator for sustainable development over the 10 years. Pasture is one important natural resource. How can we calculate the pasture footprint dominant by agriculture and animal husbandry in Northern China. We take different approaches calculation the pasture. First we use the conventional ecological footprint method. Second we induct ‘standard sheep unit’ concept calculating the ecological footprint of pasture. Then we contrast the result of different method and China pasture footprint in ASIA-PACIFIC 2005. We think that use standard sheep unit calculating the pasture footprint can give the accurate result that help us can catch hold of the question.
Towards Context Aware Business Process Modelling

For surviving in their complex and dynamic environments, organisations should be adaptable and interoperable with these environments. Stakeholders’ expectations change unpredictably and are often dependent on the contextual information. A context sensitive BP model is able to adapt the execution of the instances to the changing contexts and then to the stakeholders’ requirements. Our objective is to overcome the challenging issues related to the contextual factors. To this end, we discuss in this paper the relevance of context awareness for the adequate design of business processes (BP) and present a new approach for modelling BP that supports the description of the execution context.
Simplified power consumption modeling and identification for wheeled skid-steer robotic vehicles on hard horizontal ground

Autonomous mobile robots have limited energy sources. This work studies power consumption of the locomotion system of wheeled skid-steer vehicles on hard horizontal terrain at walking speeds. This issue is very important for this kind of vehicles due to relevant power losses associated to dynamic friction during turnings. The paper adopts a kinematics approach to provide a simplified power model. This static model estimates motor power consumption as a function of the left- and right-side wheels' speeds. The model is defined through three constant parameters: the x-coordinate of the treads' instantaneous center of rotation on the ground plane, a traction resistance constant, and the ground-wheel friction coefficient. Furthermore, a simple experimental identification procedure is proposed to obtain the model parameters. A power analysis of the four-wheel skid-steer mobile robot Quadriga has been performed with different loads on concrete and marble floorings.