Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-existence of Pseudomonas-derived cephalosporinase among plasmid encoded CMY-2 harbouring isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in north India.

CONTEXT In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, AmpC β-lactamases are often responsible for high-level resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The co-production of plasmid-mediated AmpC along with chromosomal Pseudomonas-derived cephalosporinases thus remain a serious clinical concern owing to high resistance spectrum towards antibiotics. AIM The present study was performed to investigate the co-existence of both chromosomally-encoded and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. SETTING AND DESIGN It is a cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Microbiology in a tertiary referral hospital of northern India. METHODS AND METHODS A total of 329 consecutive, non-duplicate clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, were selected for the detection of AmpC β-lactamases and confirmed for AmpC production by modified three dimensional (M3D) test. Ceftazidime -imipenem antagonism test was used to detect inducible AmpC producers. Molecular characterisation of chromosomally-encoded blaPDC and plasmid-mediated AmpC gene was studied by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULT A total of 214 (65%) isolates were confirmed for AmpC production by M3D test. On performing multiplex PCR, 27 isolates were detected posessing blaCMY type of plasmid-mediated AmpC gene. While 48 isolates were found to harbour chromosomally-encoded blaPDC gene co-production of both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded AmpC was reported in eleven isolates. CONCLUSIONS Although these chromosomally-encoded cephalosporinases might spread more slowly than mobilised AmpC, but it is likely that in the present scenario of intense antibiotic pressure, this will become an increasing problem and may further limit our antibiotic choices.
A 55-GHz power-efficient frequency quadrupler with high harmonic rejection in 0.1-µm SiGe BiCMOS technology

This paper presents a V-band frequency quadrupler in 0.1-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology with 3-dB bandwidth from 44.8 to 57.2 GHz. The circuit employs cascode stacks comprising in-phase class-C common-emitter and anti-phase class-AB cascode devices to obtain current pulses at ×4 frequency. Four such cascodes driven with differential and tunable quadrature increase the 4th harmonic output power while suppressing all other harmonics 22 dB or more. Measurements show >7.4-dBm 4th harmonic output power, and >5.2% power efficiency for the core of the multiplier.
Experiences of military CRNAs with service personnel who are emerging from general anesthesia.

We conducted this qualitative study to understand the experiences of military Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs) working with service personnel who have traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are emerging from general anesthesia. This study is important because there are no studies in the literature that describe the experiences of anesthetists working with patients with these specific problems. The leading questions were: "Out of all the anesthesia cases both abroad and stateside (post 9/11/2001), have you noticed service members wake from general anesthesia (not utilizing total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), in a state of delirium? If so, can you tell me your experiences and thought processes as to why it was occurring? " Five themes emerged: (1) Emergence delirium (ED) exists and to a much higher degree in the military than in the general population. (2) ED was much more prevalent in the younger military population. (3) TIVA was a superior anesthetic for patients thought to have TBI and/or PTSD. (4) Talking to all patients suspected of having TBI and/or PTSD before surgery and on emergence was vital for a smooth emergence. (5) There is something profound happening in regard to ketamine and PTSD and TBI.
Role of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists in the treatment of insomnia

Insomnia encompasses a difficulty in falling asleep (sleep-onset insomnia) and/or a difficulty in staying asleep (SMI). Several selective serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor antagonists have been in development as potential treatments for SMI. However, none have shown a sufficiently robust benefit-to-risk ratio, and none have reached market approval. We review the role of the 5-HT2A mechanism in sleep, the preclinical and clinical data supporting a role for 5-HT2A receptor antagonism in improving sleep maintenance, and the status of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists in clinical development. Overall, the polysomnography data strongly support an increase in slow-wave sleep and a decrease in waking after sleep onset following treatment with 5-HT2A receptor antagonists, although it has been more difficult to show subjective improvements in sleep with these agents. The incidence and prevalence of SMI, whether primary or secondary to psychiatric, neurologic, or other medical conditions, will increase as our population ages. There will be an increased need for safe and efficacious treatments of insomnia characterized by difficulty maintaining sleep, and there remains much promise for 5-HT2A receptor antagonism to play a role in these future treatments.
A New Class of Cache Memory Cotnrollers

There is a lack of flexibility in a fixed page location system because every location within a page has a determined mapping within a page buffer. This causes the buffer to contain locations that are unlikely to be used. A more flexible system introduced in this paper, called variable page location, allows a page to begin at the first location needed so that the page buffer will be filled with sequential locations that are likely to be used. This is not easily accomplished or practical if a conventional replacement policy, such as FIFO or LRU, is used in a variable page location system; therefore, a new class of replacement policies, called location policies, is introduced. To see how well a location policy system compares to a conventional system, a performance model for each system is developed. Both models are a function of cache size, program size, and program behavior. As a preliminary step for performance modeling, a stochastic model of program behavior based on the difference between successive word references is presented.
Molecular and Cellular Dissection of Mating-Type Switching Steps in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

ABSTRACT A strand-specific imprint (break) controls mating-type switching in fission yeast. By introducing a thiamine repressible promoter upstream of the mat1 locus, we can force transcription through the imprinted region, erasing the imprint and inhibiting further mating-type switching, in a reversible manner. Starting from a synchronized, virgin M-cell population, we show that the site- and strand-specific break is formed when DNA replication intermediates appear at mat1 during the first S phase. The formation of the break is concomitant with a replication fork pause and binding of the Swi1 protein at mat1 until early G2 and then rapidly disappears. Upon its formation, the break remains stable throughout the cell cycle and triggers mating-type switching during the second S phase. Finally, we have recreated the mating-type switching pedigree at the molecular and single-cell levels, allowing for the first time separation between the establishment of imprinting and its developmental fate.
ACCURATE DYNAMIC IDD TESTING AND LOCALIZATION OF DEFECTIVE PARTS IN MIXED-SIGNAL CIRCUITS

The dynamic supply current testing based on the measurement of voltage drop across a parasitic resistance of the supply voltage metal routing is presented. Auto-zero technique for voltage comparator offset cancelation, which provides very accurate and sensitive low voltage drop measurement across the sensing resistor is proposed. Therefore, the proposed sensor might be used as a current monitor for dynamic current testing of mixed-signal circuits without any additional element necessarily connected in series with the power supply line. In the proposed defect localization methodology, the mixed-signal chip is split into smaller blocks and each block is tested independently. Then the results are evaluated in the common control part, which provides the information about a defective part and shifts this data to a serial data output pin. Therefore, with only one additional pin we may exactly localize the defective part of the integrated system. A USB (universal serial bus) high side power distribution switch was used as an experimental mixed-signal device under test (DUT). The proposed current monitor together with the localization technique was implemented into a circuit under test and the whole experimental chip was designed in a standard 0. 35µm CMOS technology. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency ofthe proposed test and localization methodology were evaluated and the obtained results are presented. K e y w o r d s: built-in current sensor, IDD testing, mixed-signal circuits, auto-zero technique, low offset comparator, defect localization
Slow dynamics in glassy soft matter

Measuring, characterizing, and modelling the slow dynamics of glassy soft matter is a great challenge, with an impact that ranges from industrial applications to fundamental issues in modern statistical physics, such as the glass transition and the description of out-of-equilibrium systems. Although our understanding of these phenomena is still far from complete, recent simulations and novel theoretical approaches and experimental methods have shed new light on the dynamics of soft glassy materials. In this paper, we review the work of the last few years, with an emphasis on experiments in four distinct and yet related areas: the existence of two different glass states (attractive and repulsive), the dynamics of systems very far from equilibrium, the effect of an external perturbation on glassy materials, and dynamical heterogeneity.
Influence of the physical activity on the cognitive functions with people depending on their age.

In comparison with the number of studies which have examined the physical activity influence on the cognitive capabilities with the adults (above 60 years of age), researches for children, adolescents and young adult population are rarely done. The examination of the potential connection, role or influence between Physi-cal Activity and cognition during early age (the first third of the human life) is very complex and subtle due to a large number of external factors which are present in the period during which the cognitive capabilities are still being developed. Regular physical activity improves the physiological and psychological aspect of human health. Due to the well known advantages and benefits from the physical activity, one would expect it to be more present in the life of contemporary man. But it is a fact that the level of physical activity with people decreases in the course of life-time, especially in the period when young people move from secondary school to university. The decrease of the physical activity additionally increases the pressure over the young academic persons. There is not enough literature which examines the connection of the neuropsychological indicators and physical activity with young adults. It is obvious the need for further researches in this field which will create a solid base for the connection of the physical activity and cognition, the same one that is found for the adult population. Within the frame of positive role the physical activity has over the cognitive health, it is suggested as a means of reducing the risk of developing cognitive decrease connected with getting old. Future vast random-ized researches and interventions would have to test the quantity and the type of physical activity which would be recommended in order to prevent or postpone the cognitive decrease.
Measures of injury severity in childhood: a critical overview

Many different methods for assessing injury severity have appeared in the literature. This paper discusses the commonly used measures, many of which are subjective and depend on clinical practice or sociological factors. Even if apparently objective measures are used their appropriateness for use in children is questionable. Particular problems occur with scoring or categorising events such as poisoning, choking, and near drowning. Researchers need to reach a consensus on injury severity reporting to ensure comparability between studies and programs for injury prevention.
Role of the supplementary motor area in motor deficit following medial frontal lobe surgery

Objective: Patients undergoing surgical resection of medial frontal lesions may present a transient postoperative deficit that remains largely unpredictable. The authors studied the role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the occurrence of this deficit using fMRI. Methods: Twenty-three patients underwent a preoperative fMRI before resection of medial frontal lesions. Tasks included self-paced flexion/extension of the left and right hand, successively. Preoperative fMRI data were compared with postoperative MRI data and with neurologic outcome. Results: Following surgery, 11 patients had a motor deficit from which all patients recovered within a few weeks or months. The deficit was similar across patients, consisting of a global reduction in spontaneous movements contralateral to the operated side with variable severity. SMA activation was observed in all patients. The deficit was observed when the area activated in the posterior part of the SMA (SMA proper) was resected. Conclusions: fMRI is able to identify the area at risk in the SMA proper whose resection is highly related to the occurrence of the motor deficit. The clinical characteristics of this deficit support the role of the SMA proper in the initiation and execution of the movement.
Reconstructing phylogenies of metastatic cancers

Reconstructing the evolutionary history of metastases is critical for understanding their basic biological principles and has profound clinical implications1–3. Genome-wide sequencing data has enabled modern phylogenomic methods to accurately dissect subclones and their phylogenies from noisy and impure bulk tumor samples at unprecedented depth4–7. However, existing methods are not designed to infer metastatic seeding patterns. We have developed a tool, called Treeomics, that utilizes Bayesian inference and Integer Linear Programming to reconstruct the phylogeny of metastases. Treeomics allowed us to infer comprehensive seeding patterns for pancreatic8, ovarian9, and prostate cancers10,11. Moreover, Treeomics correctly disambiguated true seeding patterns from sequencing artifacts; 7% of variants were misclassified by conventional statistical methods. These artifacts can skew phylogenies by creating illusory tumor heterogeneity among distinct samples. Last, we performed in silico benchmarking on simulated tumor phylogenies across a wide range of sample purities (30-90%) and sequencing depths (50-800x) to demonstrate the high accuracy of Treeomics compared to existing methods.
Personal Robots as Ubiquitous-Multimedial-Mobile Web Interfaces

Personal robots are designed to provide entertainment, companion and communication interfaces. They can play an important role as natural, flexible and non-invasive interfaces to access the Web. The use of personal robots as Web interfaces is in concordance with the tendency of integrating Web technologies in the normal human activities. In general terms, we propose that personal robots can implement the everyday computing paradigm, which basically scales ubiquitous computing with respect to time. In this context, the main objective of this paper is to propose the use of personal robots as ubiquitous, multimedial, mobile, self-personalized, natural and empathic Web and Internet interfaces. We introduce Bender, a personal robot whose design incorporates these ideas.
Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in great cormorants and mallards in Central Europe.

OBJECTIVES Faecal Escherichia coli strains were isolated from great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), which are commonly occurring waterbirds in Europe, and studied for resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. METHODS Cloacal swabs or faeces from great cormorants and mallards in Central Europe were cultivated to isolate Escherichia coli strains with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. RESULTS Ten ESBL-producing E. coli with the bla(CTX-M-15) or bla(CTX-M-27) gene were isolated from eight great cormorants (1.6%, n = 499). The bla(CTX-M) genes were harboured by plasmids of F and I1 incompatibility groups. CTX-M-27-producing isolates were identified as the epidemiologically important B2-O25b-ST131 clone. No ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 305 mallards. Eight E. coli isolates with PMQR genes [six aac(6')-Ib-cr and two qnrS1] were detected in six great cormorants (1.2%). Seventeen strains with qnrS1 were detected in 17 mallards (6%). The PMQR genes were located on plasmids of incompatibility groups F, N or X2. ESBL and PMQR genes were found on conjugative plasmids, enabling the horizontal spread of resistance. CONCLUSIONS Both great cormorants and mallards can spread epidemiologically important antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates to water bodies throughout Europe.
Estimating the mixing matrix in Sparse Component Analysis (SCA) using EM algorithm and iterative Bayesian clustering

In this paper, we focus on the mixing matrix estimation which is the first step of Sparse Component Analysis. We propose a novel algorithm based on Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm in the case of two-sensor set up. Then, a novel iterative Bayesian clustering is applied to yield better results in estimating the mixing matrix. Also, we compute the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimates of the elements of the second row of the mixing matrix based on each cluster. The simulations show that the proposed method has better accuracy and less failure than the EM-Laplacian Mixture Model (EM-LMM) method.
A Pilot Study of Quantitative MRI Measurements of Ventricular Volume and Cortical Atrophy for the Differential Diagnosis of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Current radiologic diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) requires a subjective judgment of whether lateral ventricular enlargement is disproportionate to cerebral atrophy based on visual inspection of brain images. We investigated whether quantitative measurements of lateral ventricular volume and total cortical thickness (a correlate of cerebral atrophy) could be used to more objectively distinguish NPH from normal controls (NC), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Volumetric MRIs were obtained prospectively from patients with NPH (n = 5), PD (n = 5), and NC (5). Additional NC (n = 5) and AD patients (n = 10) from the ADNI cohort were examined. Although mean ventricular volume was significantly greater in the NPH group than all others, the range of values overlapped those of the AD group. Individuals with NPH could be better distinguished when ventricular volume and total cortical thickness were considered in combination. This pilot study suggests that volumetric MRI measurements hold promise for improving NPH differential diagnosis.
Usefulness of portal vein pressure for predicting the effects of tolvaptan in cirrhotic patients.

AIM To elucidate influencing factors of treatment response, then tolvaptan has been approved in Japan for liquid retention. METHODS We herein conducted this study to clarify the influencing factors in 40 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis complicated by liquid retention. Tolvaptan was administered at a dosage of 7.5 mg once a day for patients with conventional diuretic-resistant hepatic edema for 7 d. At the initiation of tolvaptan, the estimated hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) value which was estimated portal vein pressure was measured using hepatic venous catheterization. We analyzed the effects of tolvaptan and influencing factors associated with treatment response. RESULTS Subjects comprised patients with a median age of 65 (range, 40-82) years. According to the Child-Pugh classification, class A was 3 patients, class B was 19, and class C was 18. Changes from the baseline in body weight were -1.0 kg (P = 2.04 × 10(-6)) and -1.3 kg (P = 1.83 × 10(-5)), respectively. The median HVPG value was 240 (range, 105-580) mmH2O. HVPG was only significant influencing factor of the weight loss effect. When patients with body weight loss of 2 kg or greater from the baseline was defined as responders, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal HVPG cutoff value was 190 mmH2O in predicting treatment response. The response rate was 87.5% (7/8) in patients with HVPG of 190 mmH2O or less, whereas it was only 12.5% (2/16) in those with HVPG of greater than 190 mmH2O (P = 7.46 × 10(-4)). We compared each characteristics factors between responders and non-responders. As a result, HVPG (P = 0.045) and serum hyaluronic acid (P = 0.017) were detected as useful factors. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that tolvaptan in the treatment of liquid retention could be more effective for patients with lower portal vein pressure.
Contribution of Postprandial Amino Acid Levels to Stimulation of Insulin, Glucagon, and Pancreatic Polypeptide in Humans

The present study was designed to examine the contribution of the postprandial increase of plasma amino acids after ingestion of a protein-rich meal to the rise of the three pancreatic hormones insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). A mixed amino acid solution was designed, which permitted a fairly close imitation of the arterial plasma pattern of the 21 amino acids that rise after ingestion of a 200-g porcine steak meal. In 10 healthy subjects the intravenous infusion of this mixed amino acid solution at a rate of 10 g/h elicited a rise of the 21 amino acids examined that correlated well with the postprandial increase (r = 0.89, p <0.001). The maximal rise of plasma insulin (64 ± 5 pmoVL) and glucagon (630 ± 21 ng/L) was not significantly different from the postprandial increase of these two hormones (49 ± 4 pmol/L and 780 ± 28 ng/L, respectively). PP levels rose by 316 ± 33 ng/L postprandially, which was clearly above the increase of 112 ± 13 ng/L during intravenous amino acids (p <0.01). In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that the postprandial rise of amino acid levels in arterialized venous plasma can account for most if not all of the postprandial increase of insulin and glucagon during the ingestion of a protein-rich meal. In contrast, only 35% of postprandial PP levels can be ascribed to the rise of plasma amino acids. In contrast to the effect of carbohydrate-rich meals, an enteric augmentation of insulin release seems to be of minor and possibly of no importance during ingestion of protein-rich meals.