Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Technical Refinement in the Management of Circumferentially Avulsed Skin of the Leg

&NA; Between 1989 and 1994, 42 patients with circumferential skin avulsion of lower extremities were treated with full‐thickness skin graft from defatted avulsed flap. Among them, 39 patients were run over by rubber tires during car accidents; the remaining 3 patients were victims of industrial accidents by roller machines. The full‐thickness skin grafts were prepared from the avulsed skin flap in attachment to avoid junctional hypertrophic scarring. They were then secured with multiple skin staples to their anatomical position to improve skin graft take. Initial take of graft averaged 91 percent (ranged from 75 percent to 100 percent). Twelve patients underwent secondary overgrafting after tangential excision of non‐viable skin graft. Follow‐up averaging 2.6 years revealed stable wounds in most of the patients. Ten patients experienced occasional breakdown of skin graft in the patella and popliteal fossa, which was treated conservatively. Except for five who had deformed contours of the leg due to muscle transfers, the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic appearance of their legs. Compared with conventional methods, this approach provided better appearance and less contracture. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 100: 1434, 1997.)
Extraintestinal Spread and Replication of a Homologous EC Rotavirus Strain and a Heterologous Rhesus Rotavirus in BALB/c Mice

ABSTRACT Although rotavirus infection has generally been felt to be restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, over the last two decades there have been sporadic reports of children with acute or fatal cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis testing positive for rotavirus antigen and/or nucleic acid in various extraintestinal locations such as serum, liver, kidney, bladder, testes, nasal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, and the central nervous system. Recently, studies in animals and people have demonstrated that rotavirus antigenemia is a common event during natural infection. In this study, we extend these observations and compare the intestinal and extraintestinal spread of wild-type homologous murine rotavirus EC and a heterologous strain, rhesus rotavirus (RRV), in newborn mice. A strand-specific quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (ssQRT-PCR) assay was used to quantify the ability of different rotavirus strains to spread and replicate extraintestinally. Both strain EC and RRV were detected extraintestinally in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), livers, lungs, blood, and kidneys. Extraintestinal replication, as measured by ssQRT-PCR, was most prominent in the MLN and occurred to a lesser degree in the livers, kidneys, and lungs. In the MLN, strain EC and RRV had similar (P < 0.05) RNA copy numbers, although EC was present at a 10,000-fold excess over RRV in the small intestine. Rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) and/or assembled triple-layered particles, indicated by immunostaining with the VP7 conformation-dependent monoclonal antibody 159, were detected in the MLN, lungs, and livers of EC- and RRV-inoculated mice, confirming the ssQRT-PCR findings. Infectious RRV was detected in the MLN in quantities exceeding the amount present in the small intestines or blood. The cells in the MLN that supported rotavirus replication included dendritic cells and potentially B cells and macrophages. These data indicate that extraintestinal spread and replication occurs commonly during homologous and some heterologous rotaviral infections; that the substantial host range restrictions for rhesus rotavirus, a heterologous strain present in the intestine, are not necessarily apparent at systemic sites; that the level and location of extraintestinal replication varies between strains; that replication can occur in several leukocytes subsets; and that extraintestinal replication is likely a part of the normal pathogenic sequence of homologous rotavirus infection.
Context-specific adaptation of saccade gain in parabolic flight.

Previous studies established that vestibular reflexes can have two adapted states (e.g., gains) simultaneously, and that a context cue (e.g., vertical eye position) can switch between the two states. Our earlier work demonstrated this phenomenon of context-specific adaptation for saccadic eye movements: we asked for gain decrease in one context state and gain increase in another context state, and then determined if a change in the context state would invoke switching between the adapted states. Horizontal and vertical eye position and head orientation could serve, to varying degrees, as cues for switching between two different saccade gains. In the present study, we asked whether gravity magnitude could serve as a context cue: saccade adaptation was performed during parabolic flight, which provides alternating levels of gravitoinertial force (0 g and 1.8 g). Results were less robust than those from ground experiments, but established that different saccade magnitudes could be associated with different gravity levels.
WiMAX fractional frequency reuse for rural environments

WiMAX paves the way for wireless DSL to play a significant role in the broadband wireless access market, especially for rural areas with low population density. Conventional cellular planning methods can be used for point-to-multipoint network design. As an alternative, the Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) planning strategy has been recently proposed for cellular systems based on the OFDMA/OFDM radio interface (e.g., WiMAX). In this article we analyze the FFR scheme in rural areas evaluating the increase of the overall system capacity. FFR performances are reported in terms of the average number of bits that can be transmitted per symbol in the area. Finally, comparisons with classical frequency reuse planning are analyzed taking into consideration rural environment characteristics. We show that the FFR scheme can provide extra capacity, slightly penalizing the users at the cell edge.
Long-term Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on Growth and Productivity of Super-High Density Hedgerow Olive Orchards (cv. Arbequina)

Intra-row spacing is known to determine early productivity of super-high density olive orchards depending on growing conditions, cultivar growth characteristics, planting geometry and subsequent pruning management but few experiments have been carried out in this olive hedgerow orchard design. In 2008 an experiment of 4-m spaced hedgerows was established with 8 intra-row spacings (from 1.0 to 2.5 m) in Toledo (Spain) resulting in orchards of density ranging from 2,500 to 1,000 trees ha−1. Tree growth was evaluated as height, trunk diameter and leaf area during the first 4 years. Hedgerow porosity was calculated from the 4th until the 9th year. In the 8th year hedgerow height, width, leaf area and branch angles were measured. Olives were harvested from 3rd to 9th year for measurements of fruit characteristics and productivity. Tree growth was not affected by intra-row spacing during the first 4 years. In the 8th year leaf area, external surface area and volume per tree were significantly greater in the more spaced trees; but hedgerow characteristics of leaf area per hectare, number of effective leaf layers horizontally through the hedgerow, and leaf density were not affected. In the more spaced trees insertion angles of branches to the vertical were significantly greater, mainly in the lower canopy. Intra-row spacing did not affect fruit characteristics. Oil production ha−1 decreased linearly with spacing during the first 4 harvests while production per tree increased significantly with spacing after the 3rd harvest. As a result, oil production ha−1 from the seven harvests combined only increased for tree spacing less than 1.2 m; wider spacing had no effect. Annual oil production ha−1 increased linearly as porosity was reduced by greater tree density and canopy development along the seasons.
No correlation between mandibular and non-mandibular measurements in osteoporotic men

Background: Screening for low bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been the traditional method for determining osteoporosis. Panoramic radiography is widely used in dentistry. Purpose: To determine the relationships between the values of dental panoramic indices (the mental index (MI), antegonial index (AI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI)) and the values of skeletal BMD (femoral BMD (f-BMD), and vertebral BMD (v-BMD)) in 25 osteoporotic men. Material and Methods: In the panoramic radiographs obtained from a total of 25 male individuals with osteoporosis, the means were calculated for MI, AI, and PMI values measured in the right and left mandible. DXA measurements of the femur and lumbar vertebrae BMD were also calculated. The correlation between these variables was assessed. Results: No correlation was found between the BMD values of the femur and lumbar vertebrae and values of MI, AI, and PMI. Conclusion: No significant correlation was found between the mandibular and non-mandibular measurements in men with osteoporosis. MI, AI, and PMI indices should not be used in the evaluation of the skeletal status, because they are not reliable tools in screening for osteoporosis.
The cultural value of Shakespeare in twenty-first-century publicly-funded theatre in England

This thesis argues that in the plural cultural context of the twenty-first century the value of Shakespeare resides in his identity as a free and flexible resource. This adaptable Shakespeare is valuable to theatres because they are dialectical spaces. Free-resource Shakespeare is able to contain a range of different cultural values and theatres provide a space for producers and consumers of culture to negotiate between them. It has been established that tensions of cultural value, for example innovation/tradition or commercial/non-commercial govern the production, dissemination and critique of culture. Building on this idea, this work shows that when tensions are dealt with as negotiations rather than confrontations, new cultural value is generated. It identifies Shakespeare as a site for the debate of value tensions and contends that he can be simultaneously commercial and non-commercial, traditional and innovative. Cultural value is thus created because Shakespeare is reinvigorated and redefined through a process which negotiates between tensions. In publicly-funded theatre this process manifests itself in an ambiguous relationship to the market, myriad adaptations and a move towards event-theatre. The cultural value of Shakespeare in publicly-funded theatre mirrors the continual redefinition of the Shakespearean object and, rather than being a concrete ‘thing’, is better defined as a constant process.
The Value of Ultrasound Monitoring of Adnexal Masses for Early Detection of Ovarian Cancer

Although ultrasound has so far been found to be ineffective as a screening tool for ovarian cancer, it is commonly used as a means of evaluating or following ovarian or adnexal masses once they are detected. We review the use of serial ultrasound for the management of adnexal masses and propose an approach to monitoring based on an understanding of the overall risk of cancer among the population in question and an assessment of how the potential benefit of monitoring compares with potential risk. In our approach, masses that are symptomatic, large (>10 cm), associated with an elevated CA 125 level or overt signs of malignancy, or that are determined to have a worrisome appearance by stringent ultrasound criteria should be evaluated surgically. Women with masses that have none of these characteristics should be offered monitoring. Short-term initial ultrasound monitoring carries significant potential benefit in terms of aiding detection of early malignancy and avoidance of unnecessary surgery. However, if a mass remains stable but persistent, the potential benefit of ongoing monitoring wanes with time, whereas the potential harms, in terms of patient anxiety, cost, and the risk of incidental findings and unnecessary surgery increase. Therefore, monitoring of stable lesions should be limited in duration in order to limit potential harms from overtreatment and overdiagnosis.
Structural Characterization and Evolutionary Relationship of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Genes in Roegneria nakaii and Roegneria alashanica

The Roegneria of Triticeae is a large genus including about 130 allopolyploid species. Little is known about its high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs). Here, we reported six novel HMW-GS genes from R. nakaii and R. alashanica. Sequencing indicated that Rny1, Rny3, and Ray1 possessed intact open reading frames (ORFs), whereas Rny2, Rny4, and Ray2 harbored in-frame stop codons. All of the six genes possessed a similar primary structure to known HMW-GS, while showing some unique characteristics. Their coding regions were significantly shorter than Glu-1 genes in wheat. The amino acid sequences revealed that all of the six genes were intermediate towards the y-type. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HMW-GSs from species with St, StY, or StH genome(s) clustered in an independent clade, varying from the typical x- and y-type clusters. Thus, the Glu-1 locus in R. nakaii and R. alashanica is a very primitive glutenin locus across evolution. The six genes were phylogenetically split into two groups clustered to different clades, respectively, each of the two clades included the HMW-GSs from species with St (diploid and tetraploid species), StY, and StH genomes. Hence, it is concluded that the six Roegneria HMW-GS genes are from two St genomes undergoing slight differentiation.
Auxin and Cell Wall Invertase Related Signaling during Rice Grain Development

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis is required for grain-fill in maize and appears to be regulated by cell-wall invertase (CWIN) activity. OsYUC12 is one of three IAA biosynthesis genes we previously reported as expressed during early rice grain development, correlating with a large increase in IAA content of the grain. This work aimed to investigate further the role of OsYUC12 and its relationship to CWIN activity and invertase inhibitors (INVINH). The analysis shows a brief peak of OsYUC12 expression early in endosperm development. Meta-analysis of microarray data, confirmed by quantitative expression analysis, revealed that OsYUC12 is coexpressed with OsIAA29, which encodes an unusual AUX/IAA transcription factor previously reported as poorly expressed. Maximum expression of OsYUC12 and OsIAA29 coincided with maximum CWIN activity, but also with a peak in INVINH expression. Unlike ZmYUC1, OsYUC12 expression is not reduced in the rice CWIN mutant, gif1. Several reports have investigated CWIN expression in rice grains but none has reported on expression of INVINH in this species. We show that rice has 54 genes encoding putative invertase/pectin methylesterase inhibitors, seven of which are expressed exclusively during grain development. Our results suggest a more complex relationship between IAA, CWIN, and INVINH than previously proposed.
Dependency Parsing and Projection Based on Word-Pair Classification

In this paper we describe an intuitionistic method for dependency parsing, where a classifier is used to determine whether a pair of words forms a dependency edge. And we also propose an effective strategy for dependency projection, where the dependency relationships of the word pairs in the source language are projected to the word pairs of the target language, leading to a set of classification instances rather than a complete tree. Experiments show that, the classifier trained on the projected classification instances significantly outperforms previous projected dependency parsers. More importantly, when this classifier is integrated into a maximum spanning tree (MST) dependency parser, obvious improvement is obtained over the MST baseline.
Efficient Algorithm for Detecting Layered Space-Time Codes

Layered space-time codes have been designed to exploit the capacity advantage of multiple antenna systems in Rayleigh fading environments. In this paper, we present a new efficient detection algorithm based on a sorted QR decomposition. It only needs a fraction of computational effort compared to the standard detection algorithm requiring multiple calculations of the pseudo inverse of the channel matrix. The derived algorithm is not restricted to layered space-time architectures, but can generally be used for detection in vector channel systems. Keywords— Layered space-time codes, diversity, MIMO system, wireless communication.
Editorial: History of Chemoattractant Research

This Research Topic entitled “History of Chemoattractant Research” collects a series of personal stories by numerous experts in the field of chemoattractant research. The individual contributions portray some key discoveries that helped to transform cell migration research into a global playing field within immunology (and beyond). Early progress had a profound effect on both academia and industry. Today, numerous academic laboratories are fully engaged in compiling a detailed road map describing the highly complex network of immune and tissue cells that respond to chemoattractants. Industrial research, on the other hand, centers on drugs that interfere with immune cell traffic in inflammatory diseases and cancer. By definition, chemoattractants include early (“classical”) chemoattractants of variable chemical composition and the large family of chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) that greatly outnumber the former compounds. As inferred from their name, all chemoattractants share the ability to induce cell migration (chemotaxis) via binding to a single class of G-protein-coupled receptors on target cells. Chemoattractant research was originally viewed as a specialty subject within cell biology. However, due to the increasing number of chemoattractants being discovered and their effect on every type of immune cells distributed throughout our body, it became quickly clear that chemoattractants constitute essential regulators of all aspects in immunity. Defects in the chemoattractant system are frequently associated with immunodeficiencies or autoimmunity/chronic diseases. We now know that the complexity of the chemokine and classical chemoattractant system perfectly mirrors the multitude of immune cells distinguished by lineage relationship, function, and tissue location.
Performance analysis of general order selection in decentralized cognitive radio networks

In this paper, we consider an underlay secondary network comprising of K transmitter-receiver pairs sharing the spectrum of a primary network, which is divided into n non-overlapping frequency bands (subchannels). Each secondary pair can communicate over only one subchannel and should keep the interference generated to the primary network below a threshold. A decentralized multiple access algorithm is used by the secondary pairs to select a proper subchannel. We study the performance of a modified version of the medium access control (MAC) protocol proposed by Elkashlan et al., referred to as the general order selection algorithm. We obtain the statistics of the output signal-to-noise ratio of the algorithm, and the statistics of the achievable capacity per secondary pair. Closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit error rate of the secondary users, and the aggregate throughput of the secondary network are derived. Assessment of the analytical work of this paper is done through comparisons with simulation.
Conformal field theory, (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity and the BTZ black hole

In three spacetime dimensions, general relativity becomes a topological field theory, whose dynamics can be largely described holographically by a two-dimensional conformal field theory at the ‘boundary’ of spacetime. I review what is known about this reduction—mainly within the context of pure (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity—and discuss its implications for our understanding of the statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics of black holes.
Les configurations de l’apprentissage organisationnel dans les moyennes entreprises familiales : Exploration de quatre cas en contexte marocain

Face aux multiples evolutions que connait le monde des affaires, les entreprises sont amenees a s'ajuster continuellement a leur environnement. Dans notre these, nous avons fait le choix de nous interesser aux Moyennes Entreprises Familiales car la litterature suggere qu'elles ont des specificites qui donnent naissance a une dynamique d'apprentissage particuliere. Dans le but de comprendre quels sont les acteurs, les objets et les vecteurs de l'apprentissage organisationnel dans ce type d'entreprises, nous avons mene quatre etudes de cas dans le contexte marocain. Nos resultats montrent qu'au-dela de certains elements communs, les Moyennes Entreprises Familiales peuvent avoir des configurations d'apprentissage tres differentes et parfois non specifiques. Ce travail constitue un premier pas pour combler le vide theorique et empirique qui existe sur le sujet et lance le debat sur la question de la specificite.
Processes of disengagement and engagement in assertive outreach patients: qualitative study

Background Assertive outreach has been established to care for ‘difficult to engage’ patients, yet little is known about how patients experience their disengagement with mainstream services and later engagement with outreach teams. Aims To explore the views of disengagement and engagement held by patients of assertive outreach teams. Method In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 purposefully selected patients and analysed using components of both thematic analysis and grounded theory. Results Patients reported a desire to be independent, a poor therapeutic relationship and a loss of control due to medication effects as most important for disengagement. Time and commitment of staff, social support and engagement without a focus on medication, and a partnership model of the therapeutic relationship were most relevant for engagement. Conclusions The findings underline the importance of a comprehensive care model, committed staff with sufficient time, and a focus on relationship issues in dealing with ‘ifficultto engage'patients.