Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SEMI-SUPERVISED CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED ON ACTIVE LEARNING 1

In order to solve the difficult questions such as i n the presence of the cluster deviation and high di mensional data processing in traditional semi-supervised clus tering algorithm, a semi-supervised clustering algo rithm based on active learning was proposed, this algorit hm can effectively solve the above two problems. Us ing active learning strategies in algorithm can obtain large amount of information of pairwise constrain ts therefore enhance the proportion of prior knowledge . And the use of this constraint set projection spa ce, finally in the mapping of the subspace, the improve d K-means algorithm implemented for data clustering , as the algorithm clustering object is a low dimensi o al data, and prior knowledge increased, clusterin g in time efficiency can be guaranteed, and also can sol ve the deviation problem of clustering. The experim nt results show that, with active learning algorithm c lustering performance improvement, was superior to the other two semi-supervised clustering algorithms.
Concurrency Concerns in Rich Internet Applications

Linguistic constructs for concurrent programming, such as atomic regions, typically intend to orchestrate low-level code and strive to support generalpurpose programming. We show that concurrency concerns (1) exist also at a higher-level of software design and (2) are somewhat domain-specific in nature. This observation motivates domain-specific high-level abstractions. Specifically, we look at Rich Internetions. Specifically, we look at Rich Internet Applications, exemplified by Google Maps and the Web version of Microsoft Outlook, which are written using scripting frameworks such as AJAX and Flash. These frameworks provide event-driven programming models that are single-threaded and non-preemptive. While these models avoid the need for low-level synchronization, they are inadequate for preventing concurrency problems at the higher level of the program. We identify three fundamental sources of concurrency in these applications: asynchronous server data exchange, script execution during loading, and animation. We present preliminary ideas for suitable abstractions that would simplify correctness validation and expose parallelism.
PARTITIONING PERMUTATION NETWORKS : THE UNDERLYING THEORY

—The age of the microcomputer has made feasible large-scale multiprocessor systems. In order to use this parallel processing power in the form of a flexible multiple-SIMD (MSIMD> system , the interconnection network must be parti-tionable and dynamically reconfigurable. The theory underlying the partitioning of MSIMD system permutation networks into independent subnet-works is explored. Conditions for determining if a network can be partitioned into independent subnetworks and the ways in which it can be partitioned are presented. The use of the theory is demonstrated by applying it to a variety of SIMD networks. An SIMD (single instruction stream-multiple data stream) machine [8] typically consists of a set of N processors, N memories, an interconnec-tion network, and a control unit (e.g., the Illi-ac IV [1,5]). The control unit broadcasts instructions to the processing elements (PEs), where each PE is a processor/memory pair. All active ("turned on") PEs execute the same instruction at the same time. Each PE executes instructions using data taken from a memory with which only it is associated. The interconnection network allows interprocessor communication. When the interconnection network connects at most one input to each output it is also called a permutation network.
Determinants of Underemployment During the Early Career: A Longitudinal Multi-country Study

AbstractThis paper explores the relative effects of individual, organizational, labor market, andsocietal components on underemployment of young adults during their early career.Quantitative underemployment, defined as periods of unemployment, temporaryemployment, and part -time employmen t is of psychological importance, because it delays orhinders the integration of career starters into the world of work by excluding them from theexperience needed to develop competencies and knowledge essential for functionalparticipation in the labor force. A first step to decrease the occurrence of underemployment forcareer starters involves a better under standing of the relative importance of contributing factors.This paper used a longitudinal multi -country study to explore the relative weight of individual,organizational, and macro level factors on the occurrence of underemployment. From a sampleof career starters in two occupational groups with relatively good employment prospects in sixEuropean countries, the results confirmed the relationships of underemployment to gender,education, initial experience, labor market outlook, and the socio -economic and socio -politicalsituation of the country. The country specific variance in underemployment proved to be themost important predictor of youngsters later probability to be underemployed: its effect wasabout 2.5 times as large as the variance explained by the initial labor market experience and 10times as large as the effect of the educational level. _____________________________We like to thank George W. England and Sarosh Kuruvilla for comments on an earlier draft ofthis manuscript.
Uncertainty, Capacity and Flexibility: the Monopoly Case

It is generally expected that profit maximisation leads a firm to choose a more flexible plant the more uncertain its demand function is and/or the more variable is the sequence of quantities to produce. In this paper we make explicit the precise conditions under which this intuitive argument is valid. We show that a sufficient condition is that the increase in uncertainty must involve only those states of demand for which the firm is initially active, that is for which it is able to cover quasi-fixed and variable costs. These are common assumptions in most flexibility choice models. But we also show that a reverse relation between the variability in demand and plant flexibility may exist under reasonable cost and demand conditions, even under the most common definition of increased uncertainty in demand and the most acceptable notion of plant flexibility. We give an example of such an inverse relation. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
A New Camera Calibration Method Based on Rectangle Constraint

A new approach to camera calibration is proposed in this paper. If the camera observes a scene plane including more than one rectangle at the different unknown directions, all the five intrinsic parameters can be determined linearly by this proposed method. Experimental results from simulated data and real images show that the proposed method is accurate and robust. Because the constraint equations are derived from circular points and vanishing points, the intrinsic parameters and extrinsic parameters can be easily solved.
Complete genome sequence of Marinobacter adhaerens type strain (HP15), a diatom-interacting marine microorganism

Marinobacter adhaerens HP15 is the type strain of a newly identified marine species, which is phylogenetically related to M. flavimaris, M. algicola, and M. aquaeolei. It is of special interest for research on marine aggregate formation because it showed specific attachment to diatom cells. In vitro it led to exopolymer formation and aggregation of these algal cells to form marine snow particles. M. adhaerens HP15 is a free-living, motile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium, which was originally isolated from marine particles sampled in the German Wadden Sea. M. adhaerens HP15 grows heterotrophically on various media, is easy to access genetically, and serves as a model organism to investigate the cellular and molecular interactions with the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Here we describe the complete and annotated genome sequence of M. adhaerens HP15 as well as some details on flagella-associated genes. M. adhaerens HP15 possesses three replicons; the chromosome comprises 4,422,725 bp and codes for 4,180 protein-coding genes, 51 tRNAs and three rRNA operons, while the two circular plasmids are ∼187 kb and ∼42 kb in size and contain 178 and 52 protein-coding genes, respectively.
Musical soundscapes for an Accessible Aquarium: Bringing Dynamic Exhibits to the Visually Impaired

In an effort to make an aquarium, zoo, or other dynamic “informal learning environment” more accessible to the visually impaired, we track the fish (and other creatures) with computer vision, then use the movement data to create meaningful and aesthetic music. Here we present four new classes of “soundscapes”, which demonstrate a range of data-to-music mapping approaches. This follows on the initial prototype work, discussed previously. A systematic exploration of the possible composition and design space is leading to music that communicates the dynamic aspects of the exhibit (e.g., how many fish, what kinds, where they are, what they are doing), as well as conveying the emotional content (e.g., amazement and wonder at the massive whale shark gliding by). Informal evaluations have been very successful; formal evaluations are ongoing.
Detecting salient fragments for video human action detection and recognition using an associative memory

This paper presents a novel approach to locate action objects in video and recognize their action types simultaneously using an associative memory model. The system uses a preprocessing procedure to extract key-frames from a video sequence and provide a compact representation for this video. Every training key-frame is partitioned into multiple overlapping patches in which image and motion features are extracted to generate an appearance-motion codebook. The training procedure also constructs a two-directional associative memory based on the learnt codebook to facilitate the system detecting and recognizing video action events using salient fragments, patch groups with common motion vectors. Our approach proposes the recently-developed Hough voting model as a framework for human action learning and memory. For each key-frame, the Hough voting framework employs Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) which constructs a graphical structure based on key-frame codewords to learn the mapping between action objects and a Hough space. To determine which patches explicitly represent an action object, the system detects salient fragments whose member patches are used to infer the associative memory and retrieve matched patches from the Hough model. These model patches are then used to locate the target action object and classify the action type simultaneously using a probabilistic Hough voting scheme. Results show that the proposed method gives good performance on several publicly available datasets in terms of detection accuracy and recognition rate.
A DC-DC Charge Pump Based on Voltage Doublers

A new organization of switched capacitor charge pump circuits based on voltage doubler structures is presented in this paper. Each voltage doubler takes a DC input and outputs a doubled DC voltage. By cascading n voltage doublers the output voltage increases up to 2 times. A two phase and a multiphase voltage doubler structures are proposed and their properties discussed. The multiphase voltage charge pump is a minimum capacitance realization of the switched-capacitor based voltage multiplier. A simulator working in the Q-V realm was used for simplified circuit level simulation and to estimate the number of required clock cycles to pump the output to a desired voltage. In order to evaluate the power delivered by a charge pump, a resistive load is attached to the output of the charge pump and an equivalent capacitance is evaluated. Power analysis is performed using an equivalent R-C circuit. A comparison of the proposed circuits with Dickson charge pump and Makowski’s voltage multiplier is presented in terms of the area requirements, the voltage gain, and the power level. This paper also shows the results of computer simulation that identifies optimum loading conditions for different configurations of the charge pumps. Design guidelines for the desired voltage and power levels are discussed.
The Initial Step in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 GagProPol Processing Can Be Regulated by Reversible Oxidation

Background Maturation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs upon activation of HIV-1 protease embedded within GagProPol precursors and cleavage of Gag and GagProPol polyproteins. Although reversible oxidation can regulate mature protease activity as well as retrovirus maturation, it is possible that the effects of oxidation on viral maturation are mediated in whole, or part, through effects on the initial intramolecular cleavage event of GagProPol. In order assess the effect of reversible oxidation on this event, we developed a system to isolate the first step in protease activation involving GagProPol. Methodology/Principal Findings To determine if oxidation influences this step, we created a GagProPol plasmid construct (pGPfs-1C) that encoded mutations at all cleavage sites except p2/NC, the initial cleavage site in GagProPol. pGPfs-1C was used in an in vitro translation assay to observe the behavior of this initial step without interference from subsequent processing events. Diamide, a sulfhydral oxidizing agent, inhibited processing at p2/NC by >60% for pGPfs-1C and was readily reversed with the reductant, dithiothreitol. The ability to regulate processing by reversible oxidation was lost when the cysteines of the embedded protease were mutated to alanine. Unlike mature protease, which requires only oxidation of cys95 for inhibition, both cysteines of the embedded protease contributed to this inhibition. Conclusions/Significance We developed a system that can be used to study the first step in the cascade of HIV-1 GagProPol processing and show that reversible oxidation of cysteines of HIV-1 protease embedded in GagProPol can block this initial GagProPol autoprocessing. This type of regulation may be broadly applied to the majority of retroviruses.
The Interstellar Environment of Filled-Center Supernova Remnants. III. The Crab Nebula

The H I environment of the Crab Nebula is investigated using 2. ′75 and 9′ resolution data from the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Synthesis and Effelsberg 100 m Radio Telescopes, respectively. No clear evidence for an interaction between the Crab and the surrounding H I is found; the Crab probably lies within the boundaries of a large-scale, low-density void in the H I distribution. The presence of a wind-blown H I bubble near the Crab is confirmed, and it is suggested that the unidentified star that powers this bubble is responsible for the stellar wind material detected along the line of sight toward the Crab.
Accuracy of clinical diagnosis in tremulous parkinsonian patients: a blinded video study

Background This study examines the clinical accuracy of movement disorder specialists in distinguishing tremor dominant Parkinson's disease (TDPD) from other tremulous movement disorders by the use of standardised patient videos. Patients and methods Two movement disorder specialists were asked to distinguish TDPD from patients with atypical tremor and dystonic tremor, who had no evidence of presynaptic dopaminergic deficit (subjects without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDDs)) according to 123I-N-ω-fluoro-propyl- 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ([123I] FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), by ‘blinded’ video analysis in 38 patients. A diagnosis of parkinsonism was made if the step 1 criteria of the Queen Square Brain Bank criteria for Parkinson's disease were fulfilled. The reviewer diagnosis was compared with the working clinical diagnosis drawn from the medical history, SPECT scan result, long term follow-up and in some cases the known response to dopaminergic medications. This comparison allowed a calculation for false positive and false negative rate of diagnosis of PD. Results High false positive (17.4-26.1%) and negative (6.7-20%) rates were found for the diagnosis of PD. The diagnostic distinction of TDPD from dystonic tremor was reduced by the presence of dystonic features in treated and untreated PD patients. Conclusion Clinical distinction of TDPD from atypical tremor, monosymptomatic rest tremor and dystonic tremor can be difficult due to the presence of parkinsonian features in tremulous SWEDD patients. The diagnosis of bradykinesia was particularly challenging. This study highlights the difficulty of differentiation of some cases of SWEDD from PD.
The Accretion luminosity of a massive black hole in an elliptical galaxy

Most large elliptical galaxies should now host a massive black hole leftover from an earlier quasar phase. Such galaxies also have an extensive hot gaseous halo. Here we consider why the nuclei of elliptical galaxies are not luminous sources due to the accretion of the hot gas by the central black hole, yet have weak radio sources. In particular we suggest that accretion from the hot medium has low radiative efficiency and forms a hot ion torus surrounding the black hole. Synchrotron emission from the torus can account for at least part of the weak radio sources commonly seen in otherwise normal elliptical galaxies. The inner funnel of the ion torus can also begin the collimation of a narrow jet. We speculate on the difference between jets from the nuclei of spiral and elliptical galaxies and suggest that the extensive hot atmosphere seen in ellipticals is essential for maintaining the collimation and provoking the observed radio structures of radio galaxies. We also note that low radiative efficiency, and not necessarity a large change in accretion rate, may be responsible for the demise of quasars and may contribute to the hard X-ray Background. Hot ion tori may be common in galactic nuclei.
Using calligraphies features for off line writer identification

This work proposes an off-line writer identification approach based on graphometrical and forensic features. We selected a set of features with independence of the text and some stability degree to natural changes in the writing. The system uses the LS-SVM classifier with RBF kernel, reaching up to 99.1% of success rate for an own database composed by 100 users with 10 samples per each one.
A CPU Resource Consumption Prediction Mechanism for EJB deployment on a federation of servers

In this paper, we describe a model for characterizing EJB performances in terms of CPU load. Our model aims at deploying EJB on a federation of heterogeneous servers. Deployed EJB are provided by external clients that want them to be hosted on the federation with a guaranteed execution time. That guarantee has a cost which is defined by the model. In our model, candidate EJBs are firstly benchmarked in order to characterize their consumption in CPU. Then, having an idea of their consumption there is a negotiation with the client and a contract that guarantees an execution response time for a certain amount of concurrent clients. We show in this paper that it is possible to evaluate the performance of an EJB on a dedicated server and deduce the performance on a real production server. We also show that the response time for an EJB is a factor of its own characteristics and the total number of clients accessing the application server on which it is deployed.
A probabilistic reconciliation of coherence-driven and centering-driven theories of pronoun interpretation

Abstract Two classic theories of pronoun interpretation have each sought to specify the relationship between pronoun use and discourse coherence, but make seemingly irreconcilable claims. According to Hobbs (1979, 1990), pronoun interpretation is not governed by an independent mechanism, but instead comes about as a by-product of utilizing world knowledge during the inferential establishment of discourse coherence relations. Factors pertaining to the grammatical form and information structure of utterances do not come into play. According to Centering Theory (Grosz, Joshi & Weinstein 1995; inter alia), on the other hand, pronoun interpretation is predominantly determined by information structural relationships within and between utterances (e.g., topic transitions) and the grammatical roles occupied by potential referents. Factors pertaining to world knowledge and the establishment of informational coherence relations do not come into play. In this paper, we describe a series of psycholinguistic experiments that ultimately suggest a reconciliation of these diverse approaches. These experiments reveal a definitive role for coherence relationships of the Hobbsian sort, demonstrating that pronoun interpretation is affected by (i) probabilistic expectations that comprehenders have about what coherence relationships will ensue, and (ii) their expectations about what entities will be mentioned next which, crucially, are conditioned on those coherence relationships. However, these experiments also reveal a role played by the topichood status of potential referents. These data are reconciled by a probabilistic model that combines the comprehender's prior coherence-driven expectations about what entities will be referred to next and Centering-driven likelihoods that govern the speaker's choice of referential form. The approach therefore situates pronoun interpretation within a larger body of work in psycholinguistics, according to which language interpretation results when top-down predictions about the ensuing message meet bottomup linguistic evidence.
Subsistence Agriculture in Transition Economies: its Roles and Determinants

In line with recent suggestions about the potential positive effects of subsistence agriculture in fragile economies, this paper discusses and explains the effects of subsistence agriculture with emphasis on transition countries. Some micro-economic models of subsistence agriculture are reviewed and a two-stage decision model, combining risk aversion and transaction costs explanations for subsistence is put forward. The role of subsistence agriculture is addressed in terms of a static comparison to a commercial only agriculture. It is shown that, under some conditions, subsistence can play a stabilising role and have positive impacts on total agriculture. Employing the concept of a subsistence level of consumption, the paper demonstrates that these static effects can be valid in a dynamic perspective, provided additional conditions are met. Policy recommendations and a future research agenda with regard to possible agricultural commercialisation are drawn from the analysis.
Design and dynamic response analysis of a flexure-based nano-positioning system

This paper proposes a nano-positioning system driven by a high force density voice coil motor (VCM) and supported by a complex parallel four-bar flexure mechanism. The VCM employs bilateral Halbach permanent magnet (PM) arrays and triple-segment coils to achieve high force-current ratio and low force ripple. Complex parallel four-bar flexure mechanism is designed to obtain high stiffness and good dynamic performance. The stiffness model of the positioning system is derived with analytical method. The finite element analysis (FEA) shows that the stiffness is approximately linear within the elastic deformation. On the other hand, the vibration modal of the nano-positioning system is analyzed with hammering test with LMS test. lab, FEA and sine-sweep frequency test respectively. The analysis and experimental results prove the dynamic responses and vibration modes derived from these three methods are nearly identical, and the first-order resonance frequency is highly increased.