Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term sport experience influences general action-related lexical semantic processing: ERP evidence

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate whether long-term domain-specific sport experience influences general action-related lexical semantic processing. Wushu (martial arts) athletes and non-athletes were asked to complete a lexical decision task in which nouns served as targets primed by general action-related or action-unrelated verbs. Event-related potential (ERP) results showed that target nouns primed by action-related verbs elicited reduced N400s compared to those primed by action-unrelated verbs for both groups. Moreover, target nouns primed by action-related verbs elicited larger late positive components (LPCs) than those primed by action-unrelated verbs only for wushu athletes and not for non-athletes. These results suggest that long-term domain-specific sport experience facilitates general action-related lexical semantic processing and support an association between the sensory-motor system and language comprehension.
Model reduction for calibration of American options

American put options are among the most frequently traded single stock options, and their calibration is computationally challenging since no closed-form expression is available. Due to the higher flexibility in comparison to European options, the mathematical model involves additional constraints, and a variational inequality is obtained. We use the Heston stochastic volatility model to describe the price of a single stock option. In order to speed up the calibration process, we apply two model reduction strategies. Firstly, a reduced basis method (RBM) is used to define a suitable low-dimensional basis for the numerical approximation of the parameter-dependent partial differential equation ($\mu$PDE) model. By doing so the computational complexity for solving the $\mu$PDE is drastically reduced, and applications of standard minimization algorithms for the calibration are significantly faster than working with a high-dimensional finite element basis. Secondly, so-called de-Americanization strategies are applied. Here, the main idea is to reformulate the calibration problem for American options as a problem for European options and to exploit closed-form solutions. Both reduction techniques are systematically compared and tested for both synthetic and market data sets.
Parameter Optimization of Staircase Shaped Co-Planar Waveguide Monopole Antenna with Modified Ground Plane for Radio-Frequency Energy Harvesting Application

Co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole antenna is a compact wideband antenna that is easy to fabricate and integrate with any RF circuitry. However, this antenna often suffers low gain and modifications are needed to create a deep resonance. In this work, a compact CPW fed monopole antenna is designed and optimized to resonate at 5.85 GHz Wi-Fi frequency band for RF energy harvesting application. The proposed antenna with a small size of 40 mm × 30 mm × 1 mm is composed of a staircase shaped radiating element fed by a CPW feed line, and an inverted stair-style ground. The antenna yields a high gain of 4.152 dB and wide bandwidth of 1.63 GHz or 27.86% impedance bandwidth. The optimization of the length of feedline and ground radiating elements through parametric sweeps show the most significant improvement of performance in terms of gain. The surface current is evenly distributed across the antenna with a higher concentration on the feeding area and edges of the main patch due to the stair-case shape and optimization of the feedline’s length. The performance of the antenna is evaluated for feasibility in energy harvesting application using Friis transmission approximation and it was found that the antenna has an average of 34.77% improvement in received power when compared to a reference antenna with the same size and operating frequency. The monopole antenna proposed in this work manages to have a high gain while maintaining miniature size without the need of any parasitic material.
LogiQA 2.0—An Improved Dataset for Logical Reasoning in Natural Language Understanding

NLP research on logical reasoning regains momentum with the recent releases of a handful of datasets, notably LogiQA and Reclor. Logical reasoning is exploited in many probing tasks over large Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) and downstream tasks like question-answering and dialogue systems. In this article, we release LogiQA 2.0. The dataset is an amendment and re-annotation of LogiQA in 2020, a large-scale logical reasoning reading comprehension dataset adapted from the Chinese Civil Service Examination. We increase the data size, refine the texts with manual translation by professionals, and improve the quality by removing items with distinctive cultural features like Chinese idioms. Furthermore, we conduct a fine-grained annotation on the dataset and turn it into a two-way natural language inference (NLI) task, resulting in 35 k premise-hypothesis pairs with gold labels, making it the first large-scale NLI dataset for complex logical reasoning. Compared to Question Answering, Natural Language Inference excels in generalizability and helps downstream tasks better. We establish a baseline for logical reasoning in NLI and incite further research.
Global convergence properties of conjugate gradient methods for optimal control problems

The conjugate gradient technique has been broadly used to solve various unconstrained problems. In this paper, we present an extension of a nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm for the solution of nonlinear optimal control problems with different parameters. Firstly, we converted the optimal control problems to an unconstrained form by the gradient trajectory of Hamilton function. Then we propose a different conjugate gradient parameter β k , and the corresponding method successfully generates a sufficient descent direction independent of the Wolfe conditions employed. In addition, the global weak and strong convergence properties of the conjugate gradient approach with this parameter are obtained under a guaranteed descent and an efficient line search. Finally, the numerical experiment results show that the proposed method can efficiently solve the nonlinear optimal control problem and therefore is promising.
Bayesian CV@R/super-quantile regression

ABSTRACT In this paper we provide a Bayesian interpretation of the conditional value at risk, CV@R, or super-quantile regression recently developed by Rockafellar et al. [Super-quantile regression with applications to buffered reliability, uncertainty quantification, and conditional value-at-risk, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 234 (2014), pp. 140–154]. Computations are based on particle filtering using a special posterior distribution consistent with the super-quantile concept. An empirical application to data used by RRM as well to another data set on energy prices confirms their results and shows the applicability of the new techniques.
Time Stepping and Linear Stability of Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin Methods on Triangular Grids

Abstract. The influence of element shape on the stability of a Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method is systematically investigated, in order to improve the time step calculation in practical simulation. The maximum time step for stability is determined by comparing the eigenvalue spectrum of the semi-discrete scalar advection operator to the stability region of the Runge-Kutta integrator. Stability analyses are performed with a broad range of structured periodic triangular grids, all elements of each grid having the same shape, so that each element shape can be associated to a stability bound. Maximum Courant numbers are computed for Carpenter’s low-storage (4,5) Runge-Kutta scheme, based on three different measures of the element size. Lower values of the maximum Courant number, to be used in practical simulations, are provided, and the accuracy of the CFL condition is assessed for each element size measure. In order to remedy the relative lack of reliability of CFL conditions, a simplified procedure for stability analysis is presented, that can be used for maximum time step calculation in practical simulations. It is shown in two examples involving respectively an unstructured and a hybrid grid, that it compares favorably to the CFL conditions.
König's Infinity Lemma and Beth's Tree Theorem

König, D. [1926. ‘Sur les correspondances multivoques des ensembles’, Fundamenta Mathematica, 8, 114–34] includes a result subsequently called König's Infinity Lemma. Konig, D. [1927. ‘Über eine Schlussweise aus dem Endlichen ins Unendliche’, Acta Litterarum ac Scientiarum, Szeged, 3, 121–30] includes a graph theoretic formulation: an infinite, locally finite and connected (undirected) graph includes an infinite path. Contemporary applications of the infinity lemma in logic frequently refer to a consequence of the infinity lemma: an infinite, locally finite (undirected) tree with a root has a infinite branch. This tree lemma can be traced to [Beth, E. W. 1955. ‘Semantic entailment and formal derivability’, Mededelingen der Kon. Ned. Akad. v. Wet. , new series 18, 13, 309–42]. It is argued that Beth independently discovered the tree lemma in the early 1950s and that it was later recognized among logicians that Beth's result was a consequence of the infinity lemma. The equivalence of these lemmas is an easy consequence of a well known result in graph theory: every connected, locally finite graph has among its partial subgraphs a spanning tree.
Domestication Process Influencing the Growth, Gonadal Development and Haematology of the Endangered Spiny Eel (Mastacembelus armatus)

A study was conducted to determine the suitable rearing technique for the endangered Mastacembelus armatus , also known as spiny eel, in captive conditions. Three different domestication methods were used: T 1 (control), T 2 (muddy bed) and T 3 (biofloc). A total of 90 adult M. armatus fish were obtained from the Narashunda River in the Kishorganj area of Bangladesh. After 90 days, all treatments showed a decrease in growth tendency, but T 3 recorded higher growth performance than the other two treatments. Moreover, gonadal development progress was higher in T
Top-quark pair hadroproduction and a precise determination of the top-quark pole mass using the principle of maximum conformality

The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) systematically eliminates the renormalization scheme and renormalization scale uncertainties for high-energy processes. The resulting PMC predictions are scheme independent, and the residual renormalization scale dependence due to unknown high-order terms are negligible at the next-to-next-to-leading order level. By applying the PMC scale-setting, one obtains comprehensive and self-consistent pQCD predictions for the top-quark pair total cross-section and the top-quark pair forward-backward asymmetry in agreement with the experimental measurements at the Tevatron and LHC. As a step forward, we determine the top-quark pole mass via a detailed comparison of the top-quark pair cross-section with the measurements at the Tevatron and LHC. The results for the top-quark pole mass are $m_t=174.6^{+3.1}_{-3.2}$ GeV for the Tevatron with $\sqrt{S}=1.96$ TeV, $m_t=173.7\pm1.5$ GeV and $174.2\pm1.7$ GeV for the LHC with $\sqrt{S} = 7$ TeV and $8$ TeV, respectively. These scale-independent predictions agree with the average, $173.34\pm0.76$ GeV, obtained from various collaborations via direct measurements. The consistency of the pQCD predictions using the PMC with all of the collider measurements at different energies provides an important verification of QCD.
Consistency on Two Kinds of Localized Centers Examined from Temperature-Dependent and Time-Resolved Photoluminescence in InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells

Due to structural imperfection and indium content fluctuation, carriers’ localization in an InGaN-based active layer can produce efficient luminescence and unusual thermodynamic behaviors. Spectral features associated with localization, such as the “S-shaped” shift of peak energy in temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) and the nonexponential decay in time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), have not yet formed a comprehensive physical interpretation. In this work, the thermal evolution of carriers’ decay process is examined by spectroscopic approaches in high-efficiency InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) samples. Based on the localized-state ensemble model, the peak shift in temperature-dependent PL is excellently fitted by the “red” and “blue” localization centers, which perfectly match with the fast and slow processes resolved from TRPL using biexponential model. All variations in emission peak, line shape, filling position, and lifetime with temperature are elucidated by carriers redistributi.
Electron affinity of lead

A beam of Pb− ions produced by a cesium sputtering ion source is photodetached in the presence of an electric field, inside a linear optical cavity. Amplification of the light flux by the resonant cavity makes it possible to record exploitable photoelectron interferograms, even though the Pb− current does not exceed a few pA. The laser wavenumber is set either just above the first 3P1 fine-structure excited threshold of neutral Pb, or above the higher 3P2 threshold. The photoelectron kinetic energy is deduced from the electron interferograms with a precision high enough to provide a new experimental value of the electron affinity of lead, 8 times more precise and slightly lower than the one measured in 2016: e A ( Pb ) = 287 714.9 ( 1.5 ) m − 1 or 0.356 721(2) eV, instead of 287 733(13) m−1 or 0.356 743(16) eV.
Star Excursion Balance Test as a Predictor of Musculoskeletal Injury and Lower Back Pain in Non-Professional Soccer Players

Soccer is a sport with worldwide popularity but has a substantial risk of injury. Clinical screening tools are an important factor in strategies of injury prevention. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and injury and lower back pain (LBP) in amateur soccer players. The research was performed as a longitudinal cohort study on 42 amateur male soccer players with 15.8 ± 6.6 years of soccer playing (age: 25.5 ± 6 years). Participants were surveyed with regard to their soccer playing, injuries, and LBP, and the SEBT was performed. They were followed for 3.5 months. At the follow-up, an additional set of data regarding injuries and LBP was gathered. Significant differences were found in all directions and in the composite score of the SEBT between uninjured and injured players. Shorter distance in all directions and a lower composite score were associated with injury in general. Shorter distances in all but the anterior direction and a lower composite score were associated with lower extremity injury, and shorter anterior distance was associated with LBP. Amateur soccer players with lower SEBT scores are more prone to injuries in general, as well as injuries of the lower extremities. SEBT presents as a useful clinical screening tool in identifying amateur soccer players at risk of injury.
The String Revolver: How Rotation Of Background Galaxies Could Be A Smoking Gun For The Existence Of Cosmic Strings

Vector perturbations sourced by topological defects can generate rotations in the lensing of background galaxies. This is a potential smoking gun for the existence of defects since rotation generates a curl-like component in the weak lensing signal that is not generated by standard density perturbations at linear order. Future large scale weak lensing surveys should be able to detect this signal even for string tensions an order of magnitude lower than current constraints. See Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 181301 (2009) for more detail.
Relationship between stem diameter and whole‐tree transpiration across young, mature and old‐growth ponderosa pine forests under wet and dry soil conditions

Previous studies have reported cross‐site relationships between stem diameter at breast height (DBH) and whole‐tree transpiration (Qt) across a variety of species and locations. These relationships enable us to estimate canopy transpiration rates using DBH data from forest inventory networks worldwide. However, transpiration responses to environmental conditions such as soil moisture often depend on tree species and age, suggesting that the DBH–Qt relationship varies with soil moisture conditions. In the present study, we collated Qt of 41 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws.) trees in young (23‐year‐old), mature (90‐year‐old) and old‐growth (250‐year‐old) forests using the sap flow technique. Sap flux density considering the radial decline (u) was three times higher in young trees than mature and old‐growth trees under wet soil conditions. The largest declines in u were observed in young trees and then mature trees when soil moisture condition changed from wet to dry. Decreases in u were smaller for old‐growth trees than for young and mature trees. The DBH–Qt relationship differed with soil moisture conditions, showing a strong linear correlation under wet condition across all four age groups but a non‐linear correlation under dry condition. u was overestimated by up to 50%, particularly in the young trees when neglecting differences in the response of u to soil water deficit among different ages. These results suggest that differences in u and its responses to soil water deficit among stand ages should be considered when applying the DBH–Qt relationship for other tree species.
Design of a Beam-steering Metamaterial Inspired LPDA Array for 5G Applications

|This article presents the design and implementation of a beam-steering antenna array using a 4 (cid:2) 4 Butler matrix feed network (BMN) for 5G applications. The proposed antenna array can achieve a gain of 14 dBi and a steering range of (+16 ◦ , (cid:0) 47 ◦ , +46.5 ◦ , (cid:0) 15 : 7 ◦ ) to cover angular range extending from 45 ◦ to 135 ◦ . To achieve that, a simple, 4 (cid:2) 4 Butler matrix etched on a single-layer microstrip structure is designed, optimized, and fabricated. The proposed design incorporates phase shifters, 3-dB couplers, and cross-over couplers. The proposed matrix is employed as a feeding network for 4-element wideband LPDA antenna array. The fabrication results of the feeding matrix and antenna array show very good agreement with the simulated results.
Detailed real-time infrared radiation simulation applied to the sea surface

In this paper, the infrared radiation characteristics of sea background have been studied. First, MODTRAN4.0 was used to calculate the transmittance of mid-infrared and far-infrared, and the solar spectral irradiance, the atmospheric and sea surface radiation. Secondly, according to the JONSWAP sea spectrum model, the different sea conditions grid model based on gravity wave theory was generated. The spectral scattering of the sun and the atmospheric background radiation was studied. The total infrared radiation of the sea surface was calculated. Finally, the infrared radiation of a piece of sea surface was mapped to each pixel of the detector, and the infrared radiation is simulated. The conclusion is that solar radiance has a great influence on the infrared radiance. When the detector angle is close to the sun’s height angle, there will be bright spots on the sea surface.
Optimizing the Video Game Multi-Jump: Player Strategy, AI, and Level Design

Abstract This article initiates the mathematical study of multi-jumping in video games. We begin by proving a necessary, and frequently sufficient, condition for a multi-jump to be optimal, i.e., achieve the highest possible height after traveling a given horizontal distance. We then give strategies that can be used by human players and by AI to select successful multi-jumps in real time. We also show how a video game designer can build the ground around a platform to guarantee that the platform is reachable—or unreachable—by a multi-jump beginning at any point on the ground.
Practical Techniques in Ghost Fluid Method for Compressible Multi-Medium Flows

The modified ghost fluid method (MGFM), due to its reasonable treatment for ghost fluid state, has been shown to be robust and efficient when applied to compressible multi-medium flows. Other feasible definitions of the ghost fluid state, however, have yet to be systematically presented. By analyzing all possible wave structures and relations for a multi-medium Riemann problem, we derive all the conditions to define the ghost fluid state. Under these conditions, the solution in the real fluid region can be obtained exactly, regardless of the wave pattern in the ghost fluid region. According to the analysis herein, a practical ghost fluid method (PGFM) is proposed to simulate compressible multi-medium flows. In contrast with the MGFM where three degrees of freedomat the interface are required to define the ghost fluid state, only one degree of freedomis required in this treatment. However, when these methods proved correct in theory are used in computations for the multi-medium Riemann problem, numerical errors at the material interface may be inevitable. We show that these errors are mainly induced by the single-medium numerical scheme in essence, rather than the ghost fluid method itself. Equipped with some density-correction techniques, the PGFM is found to be able to suppress these unphysical solutions dramatically.
Characterization of planetary subsurfaces with permittivity probes : analysis of the SESAME-PP/Philae and PWA-MIP/HASI/Huygens data

Permittivity probes are non-destructive geophysical prospecting instruments that give access to the low frequency (10 Hz – 10 kHz) electrical properties of the close subsurface. This provides us with information on the composition, porosity, temperature, and heterogeneity of the first meters of the subsurface.Using 4 electrodes, the technique consists in injecting a sinusoidal current of known phase and amplitude between two electrodes (transmitting dipole) and measuring the mutual impedance (complex ratio of measured potential over injected current) between this dipole and a receiving dipole. The complex permittivity (i.e. dielectric constant and conductivity) of the subsurface material is derived from the measured phase and amplitude of the mutual impedance. The frequency range of operation of permittivity probes is low, therefore the quasi static approximation applies. To this day the electrical properties of only two extra-terrestrial surfaces have been studied by permittivity probes, the surface of Titan by the instrument PWA-MIP/HASI/Huygens/Cassini-Huygens and the surface of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by SESAME-PP/Philae/Rosetta.We present a first analysis of the data collected by SESAME-PP at the surface of the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. With the help of (1) precise numerical models of the instrument, (2) field measurements (in a controlled and natural environment) in order to validate the analysis method, and (3) realistic hypothesis on the close environment we were able to constrain the composition and porosity of the first meters of the comet’s nucleus, showing that the subsurface is more compact than its interior. We also reanalysed of the data collected in 2005 by PWA-MIP, offering new explanations for the abrupt change in the electrical properties observed 11 minutes after the landing of Huygens. These new scenarios were built in the light of lab measurements performed at LATMOS on samples of organic matter (tholins), possible analogue of Titan’s surface material.