Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple approximation algorithm for nonoverlapping local alignments

Problem We study the following maximization prob lem called the Independent subset of Rectangles IR problem We are a given a set S ofN positively weighted axis parallel rectangles such that for each axis the pro jection of a rectangle on this axis does not enclose that of another De ne two rectangles to be independent if for each axis the projection of one rectangle does not overlap that of another The goal of the IR problem is to select a subset S S of independent rectangles of total maximum weight Motivation A fundamental problem in Computa tional Molecular Biology is to elucidate similarities be tween sequences See for detailed case A corner stone result in this area is that given two strings of length n and m there are local alignment algorithms that will score pairs of substrings for similarity ac cording to various biologically meaningful scoring func tions and we can pull out all similar or high scor ing substring pairs Having found the high scoring substring pairs a global description of the similarity be tween two sequences is obtained by choosing the disjoint subset of these pairs of highest total score This prob lem was formulated as the IR problem by Bafna et al with each output substring pair being represented as a rectangle Previous Results Bafna et al proved this problem to be NP Hard and presented an N time approx imation algorithm with a performance ratio of The current best approximation algorithm for the IR problem is due to Berman which has a performance ratio of for any constant and takes N running time Construct the con ict graph of the input
Design-Space Reduction for Architectural Optimization of Automotive Embedded Systems

A key decision for the synthesis of automotive embedded systems is the allocation of application software components to ECUs. Design Space Exploration (DSE) supports the decision by automatically characterizing and evaluating a large number of possible design alternatives, and thereby suggesting the optimal ones. A primary challenge for applying DSE methods to support this decision is to reduce the computation time of the DSE process while maintaining the generality and optimality. This paper exploits legacy system architectures and the AUTOSAR standard to preemptively reduce the design space, because both artifacts limit the flexibility of certain design variables. A new DES formulation incorporating the constraints of the legacy system architectures and the AUTOSAR standard is proposed in this paper. Computation result shows a large reduction of the computation time comparing to traditional modeling and formulations. The scalability of our method is also analyzed by testing it on a set of random problem instances.
‘Sex education should be taught, fine…but we make sure they control themselves’: teachers' beliefs and attitudes towards young people's sexual and reproductive health in a Ugandan secondary school

Although schools have been identified as important settings in which young people's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) can be promoted, there has been limited research into the role of teachers in delivering sex education programmes. This paper describes findings from a qualitative study of teachers' beliefs and attitudes towards young people's SRH in a Ugandan secondary school, and discusses the ways in which conservative attitudes to young people's sexual activity and an adherence to gender stereotypes can limit students' access to SRH information and services. Teachers' attitudes, beliefs and often superstitions relating to young people's sexual activity inevitably affect the content and nature of school-based sex education. Findings from this preliminary study suggest that, rather than assuming teachers act as neutral delivery mechanisms in schools, these attitudes and beliefs must be taken into consideration and addressed in the development of school-based sex education programmes.
Decreased brain activation along with increased interstimulus interval in the Posner task

In experimental paradigms, voluntary orienting of visual-spatial attention is conventionally achieved through the Posner task in which predictive central cues are presented to indicate the location of an upcoming peripheral target, followed by varying inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Previous studies have indicated that the effects of ISI on spatial attention can occur. However, to date, brain mechanisms associated with ISI effects remain unclear. We investigated the brain activity changes along with increased ISI. Behaviorally, subjects exhibited no difference in the different ISI conditions. However, neuroimaging data revealed reduced activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) as ISI becomes longer. We propose that, as time went on, the strength of visual-spatial bias reduced, resulting in decreased PCC activation.
Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Multipair Two-Way Full-Duplex Relay Systems With Massive MIMO

In this paper, we consider a multipair amplify-and-forward two-way relay channel, where multiple pairs of full-duplex users exchange information through a full-duplex relay with massive antennas. For improving the energy efficiency, four typical power-scaling schemes are proposed based on the maximum-ratio combining/maximum-ratio transmission (MRC/MRT) and zero-forcing reception/zero-forcing transmission (ZFR/ZFT) at the relay. When the number of relay antennas tends to infinity, we quantify the asymptotic spectral efficiencies and energy efficiencies for the proposed power-scaling schemes. We show that the loop interference can be reduced by decreasing the transmit power under massive relay antennas. Besides, the inter-pair interference and inter-user interference in such systems can also be eliminated in large number of antennas. Moreover, we analytically compare the performance between MRC/MRT and ZFR/ZFT, and describe the impact of the number of user pairs on the spectral efficiency. We also evaluate the energy efficiency performance based on the practical power consumption model, and depict the impact of the relay antenna number on the energy efficiencies for the proposed schemes. Furthermore, we provide the available regions where full-duplex systems can outperform half-duplex systems. Finally, we show that the proposed schemes achieve good performance tradeoffs between the spectral efficiency and the energy efficiency.
Zygosity diagnosis of twins by questionnaire.

Subjects were 189 twin pairs, 165 MZ and 24 same-sexed DZ, who entered the junior high school affiliated to Tokyo University (sample T), and 93 twin pairs, 71 MZ and 22 same-sexed DZ, who were registered at Kinki University (sample K). The zygosity was previously identified by many genetic markers, and this study aimed at zygosity diagnosis by questionnaire. The latter included three questions: "How are you alike? ", "How often are you mistaken? ", and "By whom are you mistaken? ". According to the degree, 1-3 points, 1-3 points, and 1-4 points were given for each question, and the sum of the points of each pair of twins was calculated. Zygosity was determined by the sum of points, distributed from 6 to 20. Namely, if the sum was 6-13, the twin pair was considered MZ, and if the sum was 14-20, DZ. More than 90% of twins were diagnosed correctly by use of this cutting point. This result was in accordance with that obtained by use of discriminated function analysis. It is concluded that zygosity diagnosis by questionnaire is convenient and useful, in particular for epidemiological research.
Running of Gauge Couplings in AdS 5 via Deconstruction

Running of gauge couplings on a slice of AdS5 is examined using the deconstruction setup. Logarithmic running instead of (linear) power law is justified when the cutoff is lower than the curvature scale. Most of interesting features including the localization of Kaluza-Klein modes and the widening of higher Kaluza-Klein spectrum spacing are well captured within the framework of deconstruction.
Argument Structure in TimeML

TimeML is a specification language for the annotation of events and temporal expressions in natural language text. In addition, the language introduces three relational tags linking temporal objects and events to one another. These links impose both aspectual and temporal ordering over time objects, as well as mark up subordination contexts introduced by modality, evidentiality, and factivity. Given the richness of this specification, the TimeML working group decided not to include the arguments of events within the language specification itself. Full reasoning and inference over natural language texts clearly requires knowledge of events along with their participants. In this paper, we define the appropriate role of argumenthood within event markup and propose that TimeML should make a basic distinction between arguments that are events and those that are entities. We first review how TimeML treats event arguments in subordinating and aspectual contexts, creating event-event relations between predicate and argument. As it turns out, these constructions cover a large number of the argument types selected for by event predicates. We suggest that TimeML be enriched to include certain temporally-related discourse relations, such as those that involve causal predicates, since these also involve event-event relations. We propose that all other verbal arguments be ignored by the specification, and any predicate-argument binding of participants to an event should be performed by independent means. In fact, except for the event-denoting arguments handled by the extension to TimeML proposed here, almost full temporal ordering of the events in a text can be computed without argument identification.
Studying Partner Abuse in Lesbian Relationships: A Case for the Feminist Participatory Research Model

Research on sensitive topics with a stigmatized and largely closeted population such as lesbians can be a daunting enterprise. Nevertheless, such research is valuable for revealing the serious social problems that lesbians experience, for documentating the extent of these problematic experiences, for uncovering the causes of the problems, and for suggesting solutions. In this article, the author argues that the methodological difficulties inherent in undertaking such research can often be best addressed by utilizing a feminist participatory research model. The benefits of this model, examined in the context of one researcher's experience in studying partner abuse in lesbian relationships, include allowing members of invisible and oppressed groups to shape research about themselves and to give voice to their experiences; allowing researchers to share their professional skills, but also become learners during the research process; improving the quality and accuracy of the data; and facilitating personal and.
Distance perception in visual-to-tactile sensory substitution

• Biasing subjects toward attending to the light itself (DA), as opposed to proximal variables only (CT), improved distance judgments. Subjects that experience the light as a “solid object” perform the task better. This is evidence that sensory substitution devices enable their users to perceive distal objects, rather than simply learn about the environment through conscious inferences on proximal stimulation.
Images of pain : exploration of the characteristics and functions of pain-related mental imagery in chronic pain

Introduction A recent study by Potter et al. (in submission) reported that many chronic pain sufferers experience a spontaneous mental image of their pain, and that these individuals also report higher levels of anxiety and depression. However, little is known about the nature of pain-related mental imagery or the role it might have in chronic pain problems. Research Aims This project aimed to replicate these findings with a larger sample, and to discover more about the characteristics of pain-related mental imagery. It also aimed to explore the possible function of mental imagery in inducing physiological arousal and negative emotional reactivity. Methodology The research consisted of two discrete studies. In the first study, questionnaire measures of mental imagery, pain self-report, depression, anxiety, and use of imagery in everyday life were obtained from a naturalistic sample of chronic pain sufferers (N=105). The second study interviewed fourteen participants who reported experiencing pain-related mental imagery. These participants were also asked to intentionally generate their image and subjective measures of physiological and emotional reactivity were recorded.
Online Value Function Improvement

Our goal is to develop broadly competent agents that can dynamically construct an appropriate value function for tasks with large state spaces so that they can effectively and efficiently learn using reinforcement learning. We study the case where an agent’s state is determined by a small number of continuous dimensions, so that the problem of determining the relevant features corresponds roughly to that of determining the appropriate level of discretization of the continuous values. We adopt hierarchical tile coding, which applies state aggregation at multiple levels of state abstraction simultaneously. Using our formulation, it is possible to capture the advantages of learning with state abstractions ranging from general to specific using linear function approximation. We then develop a novel algorithm for incrementally refining the degree of state abstraction, based on cumulative absolute temporal difference error, which produces a sparse nonuniform tile coding. We empirically evaluate our approach in the Puddle World and Mountain Car environments. The results demonstrate that the static and incremental hierarchical tile codings significantly outperform individual tilings and multilevel tile codings (CMACs) for initial learning. Our results also indicate that the incrementally constructed tilings perform nearly as well as the full hierarchical tile coding while requiring an order of magnitude fewer weights.
State Crime: Governments, Violence and Corruption

alongside deregulation of business activities. These poisonous results follow from policies that were developed in economic and business-led think-tanks, and which have been adopted around the world over the last thirty years or so. If the description that the authors offer of this process were taken a little further, then we could see something like class action behind globalisation, as the ruling class captures government, dispossesses public services, and silences labour unions. Once again, the question could be raised as to whether this is a result of the system being run by bad people, or whether such excesses of inequality and power always follow as accumulation proceeds and crises develop. The final chapter offers a brief sketch of movements against globalisation in its current form. The authors include a short paragraph on everything from politically aware pop music to labour unions and anarchist groups. The strength of this approach is to demonstrate the wide variety that opposition can take, and to show that it is potentially as global as capital itself. None of the material contained in this book is entirely new. What the authors do is to bring it together in a new and accessible format. As such, it forms an excellent basic introduction, and I am already using it with some of my Japanese English-language students.
STIMULATION EXPERIMENTS ON THE AMYGDALOID NUCLEAR COMPLEX AND RELATED STRUCTURES EFFECTS UPON THE RENAL VOLUME, URINARY SECRETION, MOVEMENTS OF THE URINARY BLADDER, BLOOD PRESSURE AND RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS

We hove sought to verify the possible role of the amygdala effecting on the renal function and urinary bladder movements by investigating the changes of the renal volume, urinary secretion, movements of urinary bladder, blood pressure, heart rate and respiration induced by stimulation on the basal telencephalon and diencephalon, especially on the amygdaloid nuclear complex and obtained following results:
Unusual Topological Arrangement of Structural Motifs in the Baboon Reovirus Fusion-Associated Small Transmembrane Protein

ABSTRACT Select members of the Reoviridae are the only nonenveloped viruses known to induce syncytium formation. The fusogenic orthoreoviruses accomplish cell-cell fusion through a distinct class of membrane fusion-inducing proteins referred to as the fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins. The p15 membrane fusion protein of baboon reovirus is unique among the FAST proteins in that it contains two hydrophobic regions (H1 and H2) recognized as potential transmembrane (TM) domains, suggesting a polytopic topology. However, detailed topological analysis of p15 indicated only the H1 domain is membrane spanning. In the absence of an N-terminal signal peptide, the H1 TM domain serves as a reverse signal-anchor to direct p15 membrane insertion and a bitopic Nexoplasmic/Ccytoplasmic topology. This topology results in the translocation of the smallest ectodomain (∼20 residues) of any known viral fusion protein, with the majority of p15 positioned on the cytosolic side of the membrane. Mutagenic analysis indicated the unusual presence of an N-terminal myristic acid on the small p15 ectodomain is essential to the fusion process. Furthermore, the only other hydrophobic region (H2) present in p15, aside from the TM domain, is located within the endodomain. Consequently, the p15 ectodomain is devoid of a fusion peptide motif, a hallmark feature of membrane fusion proteins. The exceedingly small, myristoylated ectodomain and the unusual topological distribution of structural motifs in this nonenveloped virus membrane fusion protein necessitate alternate models of protein-mediated membrane fusion.
Deformable Object Modeling with MultiView Imaging

Household robots operate in unstructured environments and may encounter unknown objects. However, in order to manipulate an object safely, the robot must have some sort of internal representation of the object. For many cases, a rigid model may be assumed, but it is often the case that the object in question is best represented by a deformable model. This paper presents an algorithm for constructing a piecewise-rigid decomposition of an object given a series of images from an inexpensive color and depth camera. We demonstrate this method on a series of household objects and evaluate the performance of our algorithm at various stages in the model construction pipeline.
CDP-Diacylglycerol Synthetase Coordinates Cell Growth and Fat Storage through Phosphatidylinositol Metabolism and the Insulin Pathway

During development, animals usually undergo a rapid growth phase followed by a homeostatic stage when growth has ceased. The increase in cell size and number during the growth phase requires a large amount of lipids; while in the static state, excess lipids are usually stored in adipose tissues in preparation for nutrient-limited conditions. How cells coordinate growth and fat storage is not fully understood. Through a genetic screen we identified Drosophila melanogaster CDP-diacylglycerol synthetase (CDS/CdsA), which diverts phosphatidic acid from triacylglycerol synthesis to phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis and coordinates cell growth and fat storage. Loss of CdsA function causes significant accumulation of neutral lipids in many tissues along with reduced cell/organ size. These phenotypes can be traced back to reduced PI levels and, subsequently, low insulin pathway activity. Overexpressing CdsA rescues the fat storage and cell growth phenotypes of insulin pathway mutants, suggesting that CdsA coordinates cell/tissue growth and lipid storage through the insulin pathway. We also revealed that a DAG-to-PE route mediated by the choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase Bbc may contribute to the growth of fat cells in CdsA RNAi.
Managing Energy Balance During the Transition Period

The period immediately prior to and following calving, is associated with extensive biological and logistical adaptations. During this time frame, cows and heifers must adjust to the physical and biological transition from pregnancy to lactation as well as environmental changes such as new rations (ingredient and energy density alterations) and pen relocation. In addition, cows in this transition phase characteristically secrete more energy (fat, protein and lactose) in their milk than they consume via the diet. As a consequence, animals experience a substantial negative energy balance (NEBAL), which is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and health problems (milk fever, ketosis, fatty liver, displaced abomasums, etc.) as well as reduced reproductive performance (days to first service, conception rates, etc.). For decades the primary management method utilized to alleviate the magnitude of NEBAL was feeding additional energy in the form of either grains or fats. Unfortunately, the incidence and magnitude of NEBAL continues to be the primary issue surrounding transition period failures. Transition period failures are economically costly for producers. A decrease in milk yield combined with an increase in health care, labor and animal replacement costs can reduce or even eliminate potential net income. Recent research at The University of Arizona indicates that energy balance parameters can be improved during the transition period providing producers with a potential management tool to reduce transition period failures and consequently increase profits.
Cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule expression mediated by MAPKs in human corneal fibroblasts exposed to poly(I:C).

PURPOSE Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], an analog of viral double-stranded RNA, interacts with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and thereby elicits immunoinflammatory responses characteristic of viral infection. The effects of poly(I:C) on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, as well as the signaling pathways that underlie such effects, were investigated in cultured human corneal fibroblasts. METHODS Expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 was evaluated by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses. Release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and of the chemokines interleukin (IL)-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, eotaxin, and RANTES was measured with assay kits. Subcellular localization of the p65 subunit of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF-kappaB) was examined by immunofluorescence analysis. Expression of TLR3, phosphorylation (activation) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and phosphorylation and degradation of the NF-kappaB-inhibitory protein IkappaB-alpha was assessed by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Poly(I:C) induced the up-regulation of TLR3, the release of IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, MIP-1beta, eotaxin, and RANTES, and the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in corneal fibroblasts. It also activated the MAPKs ERK, p38, and JNK and induced the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB-alpha and the nuclear translocation of p65 in these cells. Poly(I:C)-induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, MIP-1beta, exotaxin, RANTES, and ICAM-1 was inhibited differentially by the MAPK inhibitors PD98059 and SB203580 and by JNK inhibitor II. CONCLUSIONS Poly(I:C) induces the up-regulation of TLR3, the MAPK-dependent expression of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules and the activation of NF-kappaB in human corneal fibroblasts. Corneal fibroblasts may thus play an important role in the modulation of local immune and inflammatory responses to viral infection in the corneal stroma.