Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Anatomical studying of the tear trough area].

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of the aging deformity of tear trough through the anatomic study of the tear trough region. METHODS 13 adult cadaveric heads (26 sides), including 9 male heads (18 sides) and 4 female heads (8 sides), aged 22-78 years old, were used. Anatomic study was performed around the orbital, especially tear trough region, with microsurgery instrument under microscope( x 10 times). The lower orbicularis retaining ligament was dissected and exposed. The anatomic location was recorded and photographed. RESULTS (1) The anatomic layers of the tear trough region contains skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi muscle, periosteal membrane. There is no subcutaneous fat above the tear trough, while it exists below the tear trough, called malar fat pad. (2) There is a natural boundary between the septal and the orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle of lower eyelid at surface of the orbital bone. The natural boundary, projected on the body surface corresponds to tear trough. The width of boundary is (2.06 +/- 0.15) mm on the vertical line through inner canthus and (3.25 +/- 0.12) mm on the vertical line through the lateral margin of the ala. The septal portion and the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle began to merge in (16.56 +/- 0.51) mm to inner canthus. (3) There is ligament attachment in the medial, upper and lower orbital and no ligament attachment in the lateral orbital. Orbicularis retaining ligament of lower eyelid is divided into two layers. (4) The medial of the upper layer of the orbicularis retaining ligament in lower eyelid originates from orbital margin and from preorbital walls laterally in (16.10 +/- 0.43) mm to the medial of lateral orbital margin, through orbicularis oculi muscle and ends at the skin. The lower layer of the orbicularis retaining ligament of lower eyelid originates from preorbital walls through orbicularis oculi muscle and its superficial fat, then ends at the skin. CONCLUSIONS The length of tear trough is (16.56 +/- 0.51) mm, the width of tear trough is (2.06 +/- 0.15) mm and (3.25 +/- 0.12) mm on the vertical line through inner canthus and the lateral margin of the ala nasi respectively. The main reason of the aging deformity of tear trough attributes to the increased distance between the upper and lower layers of the orbicularis retaining ligament in lower eyelid, which is caused by loose of the orbicularis retaining ligament and its underlying fat atrophy or decline.
Effect of HIV-1 infection on malaria treatment outcome in Ugandan patients.

BACKGROUND Malaria and HIV-1 infection cause significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-1 increases risk for malaria with the risk increasing as immunity declines. The effect of HIV-1 infection on antimalarial treatment outcome is still inconclusive. OBJECTIVE To compare antimalarial treatment outcome among HIV-1 positive and negative patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (CQ+SP). METHODS Ninety eight HIV-1 positive patients aged 18 months or older with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated with CQ+SP and followed for 28 days to monitor outcome. Treatment outcome of HIV-1 positive patients was compared to that of 193 HIV-1 negative historical controls. The primary study outcome for both groups was treatment failure. RESULTS HIV-1 positive patients older than 5 years of age were less likely to have treatment failure compared to HIV-1 negative patients in the same age group (RR 0.59 95% CI 0.4-0.8, p < 0.001) and HIV-1 positive patients on routine cotrimoxazole prophylaxis were less likely to have treatment failure following CQ+SP treatment compared to HIV negative patients (RR 0.6 95% CI 0.43-0.92, p = 0.006). There was no difference in treatment outcome according to HIV-1 status for children younger than 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis should be reinforced in HIV positive patients and it should be reassessed if these patients present with acute episodes of malaria.
Achieving Accurate Compound Concentration in Cell-Based Screening: Validation of Acoustic Droplet Ejection Technology

Compound handling is a fundamental and critical step in compound screening throughout the drug discovery process. Although most compound-handling processes within compound management facilities use 100% DMSO solvent, conventional methods of manual or robotic liquid-handling systems in screening workflows often perform dilutions in aqueous solutions to maintain solvent tolerance of the biological assay. However, the use of aqueous media in these applications can lead to suboptimal data quality due to compound carryover or precipitation during the dilution steps. In cell-based assays, this effect is worsened by the unpredictable physical characteristics of compounds and the low DMSO tolerance within the assay. In some cases, the conventional approaches using manual or automated liquid handling resulted in variable IC50 dose responses. This study examines the cause of this variability and evaluates the accuracy of screening data in these case studies. A number of liquid-handling options have been explored to address the issues and establish a generic compound-handling workflow to support cell-based screening across our screening functions. The authors discuss the validation of the Labcyte Echo reformatter as an effective noncontact solution for generic compound-handling applications against diverse compound classes using triple-quad liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The successful validation and implementation challenges of this technology for direct dosing onto cells in cell-based screening is discussed. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:452-459)
Understanding how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence disease

Combinations of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) genes have been associated with diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, reproductive failure, and now cancer. Much as early observations of disease associations with HLA polymorphism preceded a detailed knowledge of HLA recognition by T cell receptors, the recently reported disease associations with HLA–KIR gene combinations beg for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Universal Statistical Behavior of Neural Spike Trains

The statistical properties of spike trains generated by a sensory neuron are studied. It is shown that the spike trains exhibit universal statistical behavior over short times, modulated by a strongly stimulusdependent behavior over long times. This decomposition is accounted for by a “frequency integrator” model, under conditions of time scale separation. We provide explicit formulas for the statistical properties in both the universal and the stimulus-dependent regimes, which are in very good agreement with the data. The universal regime is characterized by a dimensionless free parameter, which is observed experimentally to remain constant under different external stimuli. [S0031-9007(98)07566-8]
Tensors, !-graphs, and non-commutative quantum structures (extended version)

-graphs provide a means of reasoning about infinite families of string diagrams and have proven useful in manipulation of (co)algebraic structures like Hopf algebras, Frobenius algebras, and compositions thereof. However, they have previously been limited by an inability to express families of diagrams involving non-commutative structures which play a central role in algebraic quantum information and the theory of quantum groups. In this paper, we fix this shortcoming by offering a new semantics for non-commutative ! -graphs using an enriched version of Penrose's abstract tensor notation.
EEG Source Localization for Brain-Computer-Interfaces

While most EEG based brain-computer-interfaces (BCIs) employ machine learning algorithms for classification, we propose to utilize source localization procedures for this purpose. Although the computational demand is considerably higher, this approach could allow the simultaneous classification of a multitude of conditions. We present an extension of independent component analysis (ICA) - based source localization that is fully automatic, and apply this method to the classification of EEG data generated by imaginary movements of the right and left index finger. The results demonstrate that source localization provides a viable alternative to machine learning algorithms for BCIs
Survey on Extractive Text Summarization Approaches

Due to increasing use of internet and online technologies or online data, there is vast increase in the electronic documents. When a data is being retrieved from such a huge collection of electronic documents, hundreds and thousands of documents are retrieved. Hence, for user, it is not possible to read all the retrieved documents. Also, these documents contain redundant information. In such situation summarization proves to be very useful that summarizes the retrieved documents. This has lead to intensive research in the area of automatic text summarization. It is widely used in other fields like natural language processing and machine learning. Text summarization is the process of generating summary of one or more documents which conveys information present in the documents and is usually less than the original documents. This research paper provides an overview of the extractive techniques for text summarization. Two main approaches focused are clustering techniques and machine learning technique (SVM). Keywords— abstractive summarization, clustering, extractive summarization, pre-processing, SVM
Non-iterative planar visual odometry using a monocular camera

This paper presents a visual odometry system for ground vehicles using a single downward-facing camera. Our method calculates the motion from a monocular camera without using any probabilistic (non-deterministic) or iterative routines neither for motion estimation nor for outliers rejection. Accordingly, the proposed method improves the accuracy, the certainty, and the speed of the algorithm. Our method is validated for real data sets and shows competitive accuracy and robustness with a loop closure error reaching as low as 1.25% for a run of 460 meters.
Human Papillomaviruses: Genetic Basis of Carcinogenicity

Persistent infection by specific oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is established as the necessary cause of cervix cancer. DNA sequence differences between HPV genomes determine whether an HPV has the potential to cause cancer. Of the more than 100 HPV genotypes characterized at the genetic level, at least 15 are associated, to varying degrees, with cervical cancer. Classification based on nucleotide similarity places nearly all HPVs that infect the cervicovaginal area within the α-PV genus. Within this genus, phylogenetic trees inferred from the entire viral genome cluster all cancer-causing types together, suggesting the existence of a common ancestor for the oncogenic HPVs. However, in separate trees built from the early open reading frames (ORFs; i.e. E1, E2, E6, E7) or the late ORFs (i.e. L1, L2), the carcinogenic potential sorts with the early region of the genome, but not the late region. Thus, genetic differences within the early region specify the pathogenic potential of α-HPV infections. Since the HPV genomes are monophyletic and sites are highly correlated across the genome, diagnosis of oncogenic types and non-oncogenic types can be accomplished using any region across the genome. Here we review our current understanding of the evolutionary history of the oncogenic HPVs, in particular, we focus on the importance of viral genome heterogeneity and discuss the genetic basis for the oncogenic phenotype in some but not all α-PVs.
Personalized Reuse of Business Process through the Metamodel for Process Model Registration

In service-oriented computing, business process is the foundation for developing Web services based applications. In order to facilitate service composition for personalized requests, it is needed to customize business process in an efficient and user-friendly way. Reuse of business process can benefit customization of processes. Since registration is the basis for reusing business process, this paper refines a general metamodel for process model registration to support reuse of heterogeneous business processes. In this way, common structure and semantic of various processes provided by the registration mechanism can help different users discover, reuse and reconstruct required business processes in different levels of abstraction and granularity.
A study of the phases of radiation response in the rat. I. The effects of uniform whole body irradiation.

Observations on the growth curves of young rats subjected to single doses of whole body irradiation clearly indicate the existence of various phases of the radiation response. The “initial” phase is marked by a period of weight loss for a few days immediately following the irradiation. For doses of radiation up to 500 r or 600 r this phase is then generally followed by a recovery phase, so far as growth rate is concerned. The second period of reaction may then appear at nine to twelve days after irradiation, and is marked by a sudden fall in food intake and loss of weight. The dose of radiation used in the present experiments has for the most part been 400 r or 450 r, and with this dosage level generalised infection is not observed in either period of weight loss. For a given dose of radiation blood counts have not indicated a correlation between the severity of the weight loss in either period and the extent of the fall of the lymphocyte or polymorph count, though with the radiation dose given in these e.
Volatile FPGA design security – a survey Saar Drimer

Volatile FPGAs, the dominant type of programmable logic devices, are used for space, military, automotive, and consumer electronics applications which require them to operate in a wide range of environments. Their continuous growth in both capability and capacity now requires significant resources to be invested in the designs that are created for them. This has brought increased interest in their security attributes; specifically, how well does the FPGA protect the information processed within it, how are FPGA designs protected during distribution, and how developers’ ownership rights are protected while designs from multiple sources are combined. This survey, which assumes very basic logic design and security understanding, establishes the foundations for discussing “FPGA security”, examines a wide range of attacks and defenses along with the current state of industry offerings, and finally, outlines on-going research and latest developments.
High School Community Service as a Predictor of Adult Voting and Volunteering

The influences of high school community service participation, extracurricular involvement, and civic knowledge on voting and volunteering in early adulthood were examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The major finding in this study is that both voluntary and school-required community service in high school were strong predictors of adult voting and volunteering. In addition, involvement in high school extracurricular activities was predictive of voting and volunteering. Civic knowledge was related only to voting. The authors consider the findings for their policy relevance and their contributions to theoretical debates.
Energy consumption considerations in dynamic wireless sensor networks with nodes and base stations mobility

Energy conservation is a critical issue in the design of sensor networks since the sensor nodes are battery-powered. This paper proposes a wireless sensor network with mobile sensor nodes and base stations to prolong the network lifetime. The movement of base stations inside the covered region is done according to the evolution of current events. The proposed scheme is based on minimising the average consumed energy for every active sensor when data is transmitted. Performance evaluation of the proposed wireless dynamic sensor network is done with a comparison of the network lifetime with the case of static sensor nodes and the base stations.
Sphingolipid Transport: Rafts and Translocators*

Until some 15 years ago, sphingolipids were generally believed to protect the cell surface against harmful factors in the environment by forming a mechanically stable and chemically resistant outer leaflet of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer. Furthermore, complex glycosphingolipids were found to be involved in specific functions like recognition and signaling (1). Whereas the first feature would depend on physical properties of the sphingolipids, the signaling functions involve specific interactions of the complex glycan structures on the glycosphingolipids with similar lipids on neighboring cells or with proteins. Since then, two findings have revolutionized the field. (i) Simple sphingolipid metabolites, like ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, have been found to be important mediators in signaling cascades of apoptosis, proliferation, and stress responses (reviews by Hannun and Obeid (66) and Spiegel and Milstien (67)). (ii) It has been realized that ceramidebased lipids self-aggregate in cellular membranes to form a separate phase that is less fluid (liquid-ordered) than the bulk liquid-disordered phospholipids based on diacylglycerol. Sphingolipid-based microdomains or “rafts” were originally proposed to sort membrane proteins along the cellular pathways of membrane transport (2). Presently, most excitement focuses on their organizing functions in signal transduction (3). Sphingolipids are synthesized in the ER 1 and the Golgi but are enriched in plasma membrane and endosomes where they perform many of their functions. Thus, sphingolipids travel between organelles. Transport occurs via transport vesicles and via monomeric transport through the cytosol. Furthermore, some sphingolipids efficiently translocate across cellular membranes. That transport is not random is clear from the heterogeneous distribution of sphingolipids over the cell; sphingolipids are virtually absent from mitochondria and the ER but constitute 20 –35 mol % of the plasma membrane lipids (Table I). Furthermore, signaling pools of sphingolipids do not freely mix with pools of biosynthesis and degradation (reviews by Hannun and Obeid (66), Merrill (68), and Spiegel and Milstien (67)). The specificity in sphingolipid transport is the topic of the present review.
Projection of the lateral part of the entorhinal area to the hippocampus and fascia dentata

The hippocampus and fascia dentata receive their major extrinsic input from the entorhinal area through the so‐called perforant path. This pathway is now shown to be composed of at least two distinct fiber systems: (1) A medial perforant path coming from the medial part of the entorhinal area and terminating in the middle of the dentate molecular layer and in the deep half of the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of the hippocampal subfield CA3. (2) A lateral perforant path from the lateral part of the entorhinal area to a superficial zone in the dentate molecular layer and to the superfcial part of the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of CA3. This paper deals specifically with the lateral perforant path. A third group of perforant fibers, bing intermediate to the others with regard to both origin and termination has been noticed in one animal.
Phosphorylation status of Fas‐associated death domain‐containing protein (FADD) is associated with prostate cancer progression

It has recently been demonstrated that phosphorylation of FADD at serine 194 plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis by anti‐cancer drugs in human prostate cancer cells. The present study has assessed whether this phosphorylation status is valuable as a marker for human prostate cancer progression, and has investigated its biological role in cell growth. Immunohistochemical studies revealed much higher phosphorylation of FADD at serine 194 in normal epithelial cells than in cancer cells, although FADD was found to be highly expressed to the same extent in both cases. The positivity for phosphorylated FADD was significantly lower for patients with a Gleason score greater than or equal to 7, a positive surgical margin, extracapsular or seminal vesicle invasion. In addition, a relationship was also apparent in cancer cells refractory to neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Interestingly, in Gleason score 3 + 4 tumours, the positivity for FADD phosphorylation was statistically increased by neoadjuvant hormonal therapy, resulting in a reduced percentage of cases with a positive surgical margin and extracapsular invasion. In vitro data showed different functions of phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated FADD: in normal epithelial cells, overexpression of a phosphorylation‐mimicking mutant FADD (S194E) caused G2/M cell‐cycle arrest, while a non‐phosphorylation‐mimicking mutant (S194A) had no effect, whereas S194A overexpression resulted in cell cycle progression and enhanced colony‐forming activity in cancer cells, but S194E FADD was without influence. These results clearly demonstrate that transition from phosphorylated FADD to the non‐phosphorylated form might be associated with carcinogenesis and that induction of FADD phosphorylation could therefore be a target for chemohormonal therapy of human prostate cancer. Moreover, assessment of FADD phosphorylation may be useful as a new biomarker to predict cancer progression. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Out-Group Stereotyping in Perceptions of Susceptibility to Effects

The third-person perception as it relates to the issue of television violence is examined here via survey responses of 624 adults from three regions in the United States. Rather than being asked about generally defined groups of “others,” respondents were instructed to specify which social/demographic groups they deemed more susceptible to negative television influence than others. Social categorization and social identity theories as well as the concept of negative out-group stereotyping are used to explain results that provide preliminary support that some social groups (e.g., children and teens, those with less education, and those with less income) are perceived as more likely to be negatively influenced by television violence than others. The relationship between estimates of groups’ susceptibility to effects and respondents’ thirdperson perception is also tested. The third-person effect posits that individuals believe that the mass media are more likely to adversely affect others than they believe such effects occur for themselves (Davison, 1983). The discrepancy between estimates of effects for self compared to others is a robust finding supported across many different types of negative media effects and in reasonably varied audience populations (Paul, Salwen, & Dupagne, 2000; Perloff, 1999). The perceptual hypothesis of the third-person effect, the notion that people perceive the media to persuade or influence others more than themselves, was the subject of a recent meta-analysis conducted by Paul et al. (2000), who examined 32 studies comprising 121 effects sizes. They found solid support for the perceptual hypothesis across studies, with an overall effect size of r = . 50. Because the