Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parameterized Matching: Solutions and Extensions

Parameterized matching is a string searching variant in which two equallength strings parameterized-match if there exists a bijective function g for which every text symbol in one string is equal to the image under g of the corresponding symbol in the other string. Baker was the first researcher to have addressed this problem [15], and many others since have followed Baker’s work. She did, indeed, open up a wide field of extensive research. Over the years, other lines of research that have been pursued are: parameterized matching under edit and Hamming distance, multiple parameterized matching, 2-dimensional parameterized matching, structural matching and function matching. This accelerated research could only be justified by the usefulness of its practical applications such as in software maintenance, image processing and bioinformatics. In this paper, we present an overview of the most notable contributions in this
eskimo: Experimenting with Skeletons in the Shared Address Model

We discuss the lack of expressivity in some skeleton-based parallel programming frameworks. The problem is further exacerbated when approaching irregular problems and dealing with dynamic data structures. Shared memory programming has been argued to have substantial ease of programming advantages for this class of problems. We present the [Formula: see text] library which represents an attempt to merge the two programming models by introducing skeletons in a shared memory framework.
p130(Cas), an assembling molecule of actin filaments, promotes cell movement, cell migration, and cell spreading in fibroblasts.

p130(Cas) (Cas) is an adaptor molecule which becomes tyrosine phosphorylated by v-Src- or v-Crk-triggered transformation and several physiological stimuli, such as cell attachment to fibronectin. We previously generated mice lacking Cas and demonstrated that Cas functions as an assembling molecule of actin filaments. To further explore Cas role in cellular function, we established Cas-deficient and Cas-re-expressing fibroblasts and compared their behaviors in response to several biological stimuli. We found that Cas-deficient fibroblasts showed significant defects in cell movement after mechanical wounding and in cell migration toward fibronectin as compared with Cas-re-expressing cells. In addition, when plated on fibronectin-coated dishes, Cas-deficient cells exhibited a significant delay in cell spreading as compared with Cas-re-expressing cells albeit that protein-tyrosine phosphorylation was similarly induced. These results demonstrated that Cas functions as a molecule promoting cell movement, cell migration, and cell spreading and suggest that Cas would be implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, such as would healing, chemotaxis, and tumor invasion.
Photoreceptor Regulation of CONSTANS Protein in Photoperiodic Flowering

Many plants flower in response to seasonal fluctuations in day length. The CONSTANS (CO) gene of Arabidopsis promotes flowering in long days. Flowering is induced when CO messenger RNA expression coincides with the exposure of plants to light. However, how this promotes CO activity is unknown. We show that light stabilizes nuclear CO protein in the evening, whereas in the morning or in darkness the protein is degraded by the proteasome. Photoreceptors regulate CO stability and act antagonistically to generate daily rhythms in CO abundance. This layer of regulation refines the circadian rhythm in CO messenger RNA and is central to the mechanism by which day length controls flowering.
Resource Allocation for On-Demand Data Delivery to High-Speed Trains via Trackside Infostations

In this paper, we investigate the on-demand data delivery to high-speed trains via trackside infostations. The optimal resource allocation problem is formulated by considering the trajectory of a train, quality of service (QoS) requirements, and network resources. The original problem is transformed into a single-machine preemptive scheduling problem based on a time-capacity mapping. As the service demands are not known a priori, an online resource allocation algorithm is proposed based on the Smith ratio and exponential capacity. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated based on a real high-speed train schedule. Compared with the existing approaches, our proposed algorithm can achieve the best performance in terms of the total reward of delivered services over the trip of a train.
Developmental pathways from childhood conduct problems to early adult depression: findings from the ALSPAC cohort

Background Pathways from early-life conduct problems to young adult depression remain poorly understood. Aims To test developmental pathways from early-life conduct problems to depression at age 18. Method Data (n = 3542) came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Previously derived conduct problem trajectories (ages 4-13 years) were used to examine associations with depression from ages 10 to 18 years, and the role of early childhood factors as potential confounders. Results Over 43% of young adults with depression in the ALSPAC cohort had a history of child or adolescent conduct problems, yielding a population attributable fraction of 0.15 (95% CI 0.08-0.22). The association between conduct problems and depression at age 18 was considerable even after adjusting for prior depression (odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.24-1.94). Early-onset persistent conduct problems carried the highest risk for later depression. Irritability characterised depression for those with a history of conduct problems. Conclusions Early-life conduct problems are robustly associated with later depressive disorder and may be useful targets for early intervention.
US studies may overestimate effect sizes in softer research

Many biases affect scientific research, causing a waste of resources, posing a threat to human health, and hampering scientific progress. These problems are hypothesized to be worsened by lack of consensus on theories and methods, by selective publication processes, and by career systems too heavily oriented toward productivity, such as those adopted in the United States (US). Here, we extracted 1,174 primary outcomes appearing in 82 meta-analyses published in health-related biological and behavioral research sampled from the Web of Science categories Genetics & Heredity and Psychiatry and measured how individual results deviated from the overall summary effect size within their respective meta-analysis. We found that primary studies whose outcome included behavioral parameters were generally more likely to report extreme effects, and those with a corresponding author based in the US were more likely to deviate in the direction predicted by their experimental hypotheses, particularly when their outcome did not include additional biological parameters. Nonbehavioral studies showed no such “US effect” and were subject mainly to sampling variance and small-study effects, which were stronger for non-US countries. Although this latter finding could be interpreted as a publication bias against non-US authors, the US effect observed in behavioral research is unlikely to be generated by editorial biases. Behavioral studies have lower methodological consensus and higher noise, making US researchers potentially more likely to express an underlying propensity to report strong and significant findings.
Social Networking Meets Software Development: Perspectives from GitHub, MSDN, Stack Exchange, and TopCoder

Many successful software companies use social networking as a way to improve the services or products they provide. To gain an understanding of the role social networking plays in today's software development world, the guest editors of the January/February 2013 issue conducted semistructured interviews with leaders from four successful companies: Brian Doll, an engineer who manages GitHub's marketing; Doug Laundry, a principal group program manager at Microsoft; David Fullerton, vice president of engineering at Stack Exchange; and Robert Hughes, the president and chief operating officer of TopCoder. The first Web extra at http://try.github. com is a video of Joel Spolsky discussing the structure, software, technology, and culture of Stack Exchange. The second Web extra at http://blip.tv/play/gvUBgqLbRgI.html is a video of Matthew McCullough and Tim Berglund demonstrating how Git not only incorporates the best features of existing source control systems but also includes unique distributed capabilities that make version control commands available without connectivity, allowing you to choose when to interact with a network. The third Web extra at http://blip.tv/play/gvUBgqLbRgI.html is a video of Matthew McCullough and Tim Berglund demonstrating how to leverage Git's powerful yet underused advanced features. The last Web extra at http://youtu.be/SK6TBI1bNLI is a video of Thomas Baden, Chief Information Officer, State of Minnesota, Department of Human Services, describing the experience of working on the TopCoder Platform and with the members of the TopCoder Community.
Evaluation of various node configurations for fine-grain multithreading on stock processors

It becomes more and more interesting to construct multi-threaded parallel machines using stock processors due to their high performance/price ratio. However no quantitative analysis has been reported on the effectiveness of various node configurations and its impact on the overall performance. In this paper we explore three different node configurations in detail and compare their dynamic characteristics through instruction-level simulation with six benchmark programs. Our experiments show that employing a dedicated processor for communication and synchronization is a reasonable approach because it can almost double the performance. Several factors that limit the overall speedup are also presented.
Toxicity and therapeutic effects in mice of liposome-encapsulated nystatin for systemic fungal infections

The therapeutic activity of nystatin (NYS) incorporated in multilamellar liposomes (L-NYS) was studied in vivo. Hale-Stoner mice injected intravenously with various doses of L-NYS and free NYS showed a significant reduction in toxicity of NYS after the NYS was incorporated into liposomes (maximal tolerated doses, 16 and 4 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). The maximal tolerated dose of free NYS had no effect in the treatment of mice infected with Candida albicans, whereas L-NYS at an equivalent dose improved the survival of mice. A marked increase in survival was observed when L-NYS was administered in higher and multiple doses (total doses up to 80 mg/kg). Liposome encapsulation thus provided a means for intravenous administration of NYS, reducing its toxicity and making it an active systemic antifungal agent.
Factors Affecting Accident Severity Inside and Outside Urban Areas in Greece

Objectives: This research aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting accident severity through a macroscopic analysis, with a focus on the comparison between inside and outside urban areas. Disaggregate road accident data for Greece for the year 2008 were used. Methods: Two models were developed, one for inside and one for outside urban areas. Because the dependent variable had 2 categories, killed/severely injured (KSI) and slightly injured (SI), the binary logistic regression analysis was selected. Furthermore, this research aims to estimate the probability of fatality/severe injury versus slight injury as well as to calculate the odds ratios (relative probabilities) for various road accident configurations. The Hosmer and Lemeshow statistic and other diagnostic tests were conducted in order to assess the goodness-of-fit of the model. Results: From the application of the models, it appears that inside urban areas 3 types of collisions (sideswipe, rear-end, with fixed object/parked car), as well as involvement of motorcycles, bicycles, buses, 2 age groups (18–30 and older than 60 years old), time of accident, and location of the accident, seem to affect accident severity. Outside urban areas, 4 types of collisions (head-on, rear-end, side, sideswipe), weather conditions, time of accident, one age group (older than 60 years old), and involvement of motorcycles and buses were found to be significant. Conclusions: Factors affecting road accident severity only inside urban areas include young driver age, bicycles, intersections, and collision with fixed objects, whereas factors affecting severity only outside urban areas are weather conditions and head-on and side collisions, demonstrating the particular road users and traffic situations that should be focused on for road safety interventions for the 2 different types of networks (inside and outside urban areas). The methodology and the results of this research may provide a promising tool to prioritize programs and measures to improve road safety in Greece and worldwide.
Study of ensemble learning-based fusion prognostics

In this paper we explore the effectiveness of ensemble learning in the failure prognosis field by MLP neural network. An effective ensemble should consist of a set of learners that are both accurate and diverse. In the training stage, we use the Adaboost.R2 technique to train several weak learners (multi layer perceptron network-MLP) to increase the diversity of the individual models. In the prediction stage, we focus on the design of the fusion of the weak learner ensemble. In contrast with the traditional static weight allocation method based on the overall data set, we propose a dynamic weight allocation method, based on the performance of an individual weak learner on the subset. The idea behind this method was to use a test sample's neighbors to estimate the accuracy and bias of the individual weak learner when the learner is used to make the prediction. An improved hyperrectangle neighborhood defining method is proposed in this paper. Some experiments using MLP neural network as a weak learner on a NASA turbofan engine degradation simulation dataset were carried out. The preliminary empirical comparisons showed higher performance of the novel ensemble learning methodology for the RUL estimation of engineering systems.
An Ionic Liquid Solution of Chitosan as Organocatalyst

Chitosan, which is derived from the biopolymer chitin, can be readily dissolved in different ionic liquids. The resulting homogeneous solutions were applied in an asymmetric Aldol reaction. Depending on the type of ionic liquid used, high asymmetric inductions were found. The influence of different additives was also studied. The best results were obtained in [BMIM][Br] without an additive.
Health promotion or pharmacological treatment for chronic diseases?

Summary Over the last years medicine has progressed very rapidly. Communicable diseases, which were the leading causes of mortalities, are not anymore, especially in developed countries. Currently, non-communicable diseases are more prevalent, and most of them are related to changes in our daily habits and degenerative processes. Most of these diseases are chronic, need continuous care and treatment with limited improvement and high costs. The General Assembly of the United Nations in its resolution 65/238 recognized the primary role and responsibility of Governments in responding to the challenge of noncommunicable diseases and the essential need for the efforts and engagement of all sectors of society to generate an effective response. Special emphasis has been concentrated on pharmacological treatments for most of chronic non-communicable diseases with the challenge to discover new drugs for treating, in most cases, chronic irreversible degenerative diseases associated with aging. Little care was given to non-pharmacological lines of treatment.
To total amount of activity….. and beyond: perspectives on measuring physical behavior

The aim of this paper is to describe and discuss some perspectives on definitions, constructs, and outcome parameters of physical behavior. The paper focuses on the following constructs: Physical activity and active lifestyle vs. sedentary behavior and sedentary lifestyle; Amount of physical activity vs. amount of walking; Detailed body posture and movement data vs. overall physical activity data; Behavioral context of activities; Quantity vs. quality; Physical behavior vs. physiological response. Subsequently, the following outcome parameters provided by data reduction procedures are discussed: Distribution of length of bouts; Variability in bout length; Time window; Intensity and intensity threshold. The overview indicates that physical behavior is a multi-dimensional construct, and it stresses the importance and relevance of constructs and parameters other than total amount of physical activity. It is concluded that the challenge for the future will be to determine which parameters are most relevant, valid and responsive. This is a matter for physical behavior researchers to consider, that is critical to multi-disciplinary collaboration.
Focal-Plane Spatially Oversampling CMOS Image Compression Sensor

Image compression algorithms employ computationally expensive spatial convolutional transforms. The CMOS image sensor performs spatially compressing image quantization on the focal plane yielding digital output at a rate proportional to the mere information rate of the video. A bank of column-parallel first-order incremental DeltaSigma-modulated analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) performs column-wise distributed focal-plane oversampling of up to eight adjacent pixels and concurrent weighted average quantization. Number of samples per pixel and switched-capacitor sampling sequence order set the amplitude and sign of the pixel coefficient, respectively. A simple digital delay and adder loop performs spatial accumulation over up to eight adjacent ADC outputs during readout. This amounts to computing a two-dimensional block matrix transform with up to 8times8-pixel programmable kernel in parallel for all columns. Noise shaping reduces power dissipation below that of a conventional digital imager while the need for a peripheral DSP is eliminated. A 128times128 active pixel array integrated with a bank of 128 DeltaSigma-modulated ADCs was fabricated in a 0.35-mum CMOS technology. The 3.1 mm times 1.9-mm prototype captures 8-bit digital video at 30 frames/s and yields 4 GMACS projected computational throughput when scaled to HDTV 1080i resolution in discrete cosine transform (DCT) compression
More characterizations of triangulated graphs

New characterizations of triangulated and cotriangulated graphs are pre- sented. Cotriangulated graphs form a natural subclass of the class of strongly perfect graphs, and they are also characterized in terms of the shellability of some associated collection of sets. Finally, the notion of stability function of a graph is introduced, and it is proved that a graph is triangulated if and only if the polynomial representing its stability func- tion has all its coefficients equal to 0, +1 or -1.
Comparison of texture features based on Gabor filters

The performance of a number of texture feature operators is evaluated. The features are all based on the local spectrum which is obtained by a bank of Gabor filters. The comparison is made using a quantitative method which is based on Fisher's criterion. It is shown that, in general, the discrimination effectiveness of the features increases with the amount of post-Gabor processing.
Effects of duty cycle and positive end-expiratory pressure on mucus clearance during mechanical ventilation*

Objectives:During mechanical ventilation, air flows may play a role in mucus transport via two-phase gas liquid flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of duty cycles and positive end-expiratory pressure on mucus clearance in pigs using mechanical ventilation, and to assess their safety. Design:Prospective randomized animal study. Setting:Animal research facility, University of Barcelona, Spain. Subjects:Eight healthy pigs. Interventions:Pigs were intubated and on volume-control mechanical ventilation for up to 84 hrs. After 4, 24, 48, and 72 hrs of mechanical ventilation, six levels of duty cycle (0.26, 0.33, 0.41, 0.50, 0.60, and 0.75) with no associated positive end-expiratory pressure or 5 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure were randomly applied. Surgical bed was oriented 30 degrees in the reverse Trendelenburg position, as in the semirecumbent position. Measurement and Main Results:Inspiratory and expiratory flows and hemodynamics were measured after each 30-min ventilation period. Mucus movement was assessed through fluoroscopy tracking of radio-opaque markers. Mucus velocity was described by a positive vector (toward the glottis) or negative vector (toward the lungs). No effect of positive end-expiratory pressure was found; however, as duty cycle was increasingly prolonged, a trend toward reduced velocity of mucus moving toward the lungs and increased outward mucus velocity was found (p = .064). Two clusters of mucus velocities were identified as duty cycle was prolonged beyond 0.41. Thus, duty cycle >0.41 increased mean expiratory–inspiratory flow bias from −4.1 ± 4.6 to 7.9 ± 5.9 L/min (p < .0001) and promoted outward mucus velocity from −0.22 ± 1.71 mm/min (range, −5.78 to 2.42) to 0.53 ± 1.06 mm/min (−1.91 to 3.88; p = .0048). Duty cycle of 0.75 resulted in intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (2.1 ± 1.1 cm H2O [p < .0001] vs. duty cycle 0.26–0.5), with no hemodynamic compromise. Conclusions:In the semirecumbent position, mucus clearance is improved with prolongation of the duty cycle. However, in clinical practice, positive findings must be balanced against the potentially adverse hemodynamic and respiratory effects.
Dermatitis venenata from Phacelia crenulata.

Shortly after one of us (S. I. S.) started practicing dermatology in Tucson, Ariz. , in 1949, he noticed that every few years, in the spring, there was quite a number of cases of dermatitis venenata with linear vesicles on the exposed areas of the extremities, very similar to poison ivy or poison oak dermatitis. Many of these patients gave the history of living, walking, or riding horseback in the foothills or the adjacent desert. It was suspected that this was a plant dermatitis, but since there is no Rhus present in this area at this altitude it was concluded that a different plant was involved. Finally, about 1957, one of the patients with the dermatitis said that she thought it was caused by a plant known as "desert (or false) heliotrope" (identified as Phacelia crenulata). It blooms profusely in March and April, in the desert areas of the West and
Temporal perception in visual processing as a research tool

Accumulated evidence has shown that the subjective time in the sub-second range can be altered by different factors; some are related to stimulus features such as luminance contrast and spatial frequency, others are processes like perceptual grouping and contextual modulation. These findings indicate that temporal perception uses neural signals involved in non-temporal feature processes and that perceptual organization plays an important role in shaping the experience of elapsed time. We suggest that the temporal representation of objects can be treated as a feature of objects. This new concept implies that psychological time can serve as a tool to study the principles of neural codes in the perception of objects like “reaction time (RT). ” Whereas “RT” usually reflects the state of transient signals crossing decision thresholds, “apparent time” in addition reveals the dynamics of sustained signals, thus providing complementary information of what has been obtained from “RT” studies.