Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Friendship as a Value in Academic Ethos

The aim of the research work reported here was to clarify the semantics of the notion of “friendship”. The main research question is to what extent friendship is recognised by students and teachers as a value constituting the identity of the Jagiellonian University’s (JU) academic community. From it follows another one: what role does friendship play in the value system of the academic ethos– does it have the potential to clarify or transform values enshrined in documents and recognised as enduring? This study uses qualitative data generated from the collected research material: semi-structured interviews and online surveys with closed questions, single and multiple choice. Content analysis was used to examine the interviews by identifying words, phrases and sentences related to the research tasks. The conclusions can be summarised as: 1.Friendship functions in horizontal relationships; 2. Friendship is an essential value of university ethos, realised through its other, already recognised and acknowledged, values: fair treatment, kindness, responsibility and respect for the other; 3. Friendship evolves in the system of references; 4. Friendship realised as a value of the ethos leads to a merger of the professional and the private spheres; 5. Friendship is automatically excluded when a vertical relationship appears.
Spectral and Timing Properties of the Low-mass X-ray Binary 4U 0614+09 with XMM-Newton

4U 0614+09 is a low-mass X-ray binary with a weakly magnetized neutron star primary. It shows variability on time scales that range from years down to ~0.8 milliseconds. Before the Chandra and XMM-Newton era, emission features around 0.7 keV have been reported from this source, but recent Chandra observations failed to detect them. Instead, these observations suggest an overabundance of Ne in the absorbing material, which may be common to ultracompact (P_{orb} \simless 1 hour) systems with a neon-rich degenerate dwarf secondary. We observed 4U 0614+09 with XMM-Newton in March 2001. Here we present the energy spectra, both from the RGS and EPIC cameras, and the Fourier power spectra from EPIC high-time resolution light curves, which we use to characterize the spectral state of the source.
Environment of 1 ≤ z ≤ 2 MIR selected obscured and unobscured AGNs in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South

Context. In unified models, different types of active galaxy nuclei (AGN) correspond to a single class of objects, where their observed differences are solely due to the different orientations of the obscuring material around the central inner regions. Recent studies also show that this obscuring material can even extend at galactic scales due to debris from galaxy interactions and/or mergers. In standard unified models the different AGN types are expected to show similar galaxy environments. Aims. We aim to investigate properties and environment of obscured and unobscured AGNs selected from mid-infrared (MIR) bands from the Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC), in order to test the unified model and evolutionary scenarios. Methods. The sample of AGNs was selected from images obtained with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) mounted on the Spitzer Space Telescope, based on their MIR colors centered at wavelengths [3.6], [4.5], [5.8] and [8.0] microns. We selected two samples of AGNs with redshifts in the range 1 ≤ z ≤ 2 and rest-frame absolute magnitudes M v ≤ −21: obscured and unobscured AGNs by means of a simple optical-MIR color cut criterion ( R − [4.5] = 3.05.) Results. We find that obscured AGNs are intrinsically optically faint in the R band, suggesting that luminous IR-selected AGNs have a significant dust extinction. From a cross-correlation with several X-ray surveys, we find that the majority of the AGNs in our sample have X-ray luminosities similar to those found in Seyfert-like galaxies. We study the properties of galaxies surrounding these two samples. Neighbouring galaxies located close to (~200 kpc) obscured AGNs tend to have redder colors, compared to the local environment of unobscured AGNs. Results obtained from a KS test show that the two color distributions are different at ~95% confidence level. We find that obscured AGNs are located in denser local galaxy environments compared to the unobscured AGN sample. Conclusions. Our results suggest that AGN obscuration can occur at galactic scales, possibly due to galaxy interactions or mergers, and that the simple unified model based solely on the local torus orientation may not be sufficient to explain all the observations.
Multidecadal Variation in the Seasonal Predictability of Winter PNA and Its Sources

Based on reanalysis and ensemble hindcasts data, this work investigates the multidecadal variation in the seasonal predictability of the Pacific‐North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern during the winter and its sources. The results show that at the two ends of the 20th century, the PNA is mostly driven by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and a good seasonal prediction of the PNA is expected if models can accurately predict the PNA‐ENSO relationship. During the middle 20th century, the PNA is not only driven by ENSO but also closely linked to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation through the air‐sea coupling process in the extratropical North Pacific. Improvements in the seasonal prediction of the PNA require models to accurately predict both the PNA‐ENSO relationship and the air‐sea coupling in the northern extratropical Pacific.
“Most people don’t like a client group that tell you to get fucked”: Choice and control in Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme for formerly incarcerated people

Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is a substantial policy reform aiming to radically transform the design and delivery of disability services. Choice and control are key tenets of the scheme, however challenges and limitations exist with respect to inequities and difficulties posed by boundaries between the NDIS and mainstream services. People with disability who have been incarcerated are particularly at risk of experiencing these limitations. However there has been little academic exploration of these issues for this group. This paper explores whether NDIS services are readily accessible for people with disability who were formerly incarcerated, outlining some of the challenges this group encounters. The research is based on interviews with 28 stakeholders from government and non-government organisations that interact with and provide support or services to people with disability within the criminal justice system. Our findings confirm the importance of a functioning NDIS plan to help prevent some individuals encountering the criminal justice system, outlining several challenges that formerly incarcerated people with disability experience with the scheme. We conclude that ideas of choice and control are inhibited for some formerly incarcerated people with disability and highlight actions that can be taken regarding specialist support coordination, advocacy services and market stewardship to address these issues.
Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 39 GeV

A systematic study is presented for centrality, transverse momentum ($p_T$) and pseudorapidity ($\eta$) dependence of the inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow ($v_2$) at midrapidity($|\eta|<1.0$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27 and 39 GeV. The results obtained with different methods, including correlations with the event plane reconstructed in a region separated by a large pseudorapidity gap and 4-particle cumulants ($v_2{4}$), are presented in order to investigate non-flow correlations and $v_2$ fluctuations. We observe that the difference between $v_2{2}$ and $v_2{4}$ is smaller at the lower collision energies. Values of $v_2$, scaled by the initial coordinate space eccentricity, $v_{2}/\varepsilon$, as a function of $p_T$ are larger in more central collisions, suggesting stronger collective flow develops in more central collisions, similar to the results at higher collision energies. These results are compared to measurements at higher energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 and 200 GeV) and at the Large Hadron Collider (Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV). The $v_2(p_T)$ values for fixed $p_T$ rise with increasing collision energy within the $p_T$ range studied ($<2 {\rm GeV}/c$). A comparison to viscous hydrodynamic simulations is made to potentially help understand the energy dependence of $v_{2}(p_{T})$. We also compare the $v_2$ results to UrQMD and AMPT transport model calculations, and physics implications on the dominance of partonic versus hadronic phases in the system created at Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies are discussed.
The Far-Field Hubble Constant

We used the Hubble Space Telescope to obtain surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) observations of four nearby brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) to calibrate the BCG Hubble diagram of Lauer & Postman. This BCG Hubble diagram contains 114 galaxies covering the full celestial sphere and is volume-limited to 15,000 km s-1, providing excellent sampling of the far-field Hubble flow. The SBF zero point is based on the Cepheid calibration of the ground IKC method as extended to the WFPC2 F814W filter by Ajhar and coworkers. The BCG globular cluster luminosity functions give distances essentially identical to the SBF results. Using the velocities and SBF distances of the four BCGs alone gives H0 = 82 ± 8 km s-1 Mpc-1 in the CMB frame, valid on ~4500 km s-1 scales; the error includes both systematic and random contributions. Use of BCGs as photometric redshift estimators allows the BCG Hubble diagram to be calibrated independently of recession velocities of the four nearby BCGs, yielding a far-field H0 = 89 ± 10 km s-1 Mpc-1 with an effective depth of ~11,000 km s-1. The larger error in this case is due to the photometric cosmic scatter in using BCGs as redshift estimators; this H0 is not significantly different from the more local value. The concordance of the present results with other recent H0 determinations and a review of theoretical treatments on perturbations in the near-field Hubble flow argue that going to the far field removes an important source of uncertainty, but that there is not a large systematic error to be corrected for to begin with. Further improvements in H0 depend more on understanding nearby calibrators than on improved sampling of the distant flow.
Ultra‐Oligotrophic Waters Expansion in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre Revealed by 21 Years of Satellite Observations

The North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASTG) has experienced the fastest expansion of oligotrophic waters worldwide in response to ocean warming. We study the trophic regime changes in the NASTG by using 21 years (1998–2018) of satellite chlorophyll‐a (CHL) data, complemented with other variables such as Sea Surface Temperature, optical backscatter coefficients (bbp), Secchi disk (zSD), and Mixed Layer Depth. To this aim, we describe the spatial/temporal variability of waters with the lowest CHL concentrations (CHL ≤ 0.04 mg m−3) with an inter‐annual variability analysis of key environmental variables. Main results demonstrate that these ultra‐oligotrophic waters are spatially expanding and increasing in frequency, shifting the NASTG to a dominant quasi‐permanent ultra‐oligotrophic condition, thus confirming the ongoing ocean desertification.
THE HYADES CLUSTER: IDENTIFICATION OF A PLANETARY SYSTEM AND ESCAPING WHITE DWARFS

Recently, some hot DA-type white dwarfs have been proposed to plausibly be escaping members of the Hyades. We used hydrogen Balmer lines to measure the radial velocities of seven such stars and confirm that three, and perhaps two others, are/were indeed cluster members and one is not. The other candidate Hyad is strongly magnetic and its membership status remains uncertain. The photospheres of at least one quarter of field white dwarf stars are “polluted” by elements heavier than helium that have been accreted. These stars are orbited by extended planetary systems that contain both debris belts and major planets. We surveyed the seven classical single Hyades white dwarfs and the newly identified (escaping) Hyades white dwarfs and found calcium in the photosphere of LP 475-242 of type DBA (now DBAZ), thus implying the presence of an orbiting planetary system. The spectrum of white dwarf GD 31, which may be, but probably is not, an escaping member of the Hyades, displays calcium absorption lines; these originate either from the interstellar medium or, less likely, from a gaseous circumstellar disk. If GD 31 was once a Hyades member, then it would be the first identified white dwarf Hyad with a cooling age >340 Myr.
Force-Free Time-Harmonic Plasmoids

Abstract : A heretofore unexplored solution of Maxwell's equations is investigated for time-harmonic waves in a partially ionized gas. The analysis is focused on the spherically symmetric cases that behave like electromagnetic energy trapped in the form of a plasmoid . It will be shown that a critical frequency exists, below which the current cannot be carried by electrons and the plasmoid remains stable. Resonant sizes will be shown to exist such that plasmoids will not exchange energy with their external surroundings, and their boundary conditions can be met by vacuum solutions to Maxwell's equations. Virial analysis calculates free-change density and critical frequency to be consistent with Newtonian mechanics and classical electromagnetics. A stable vortical motion of the plasma will be shown to exactly cancel the dominant component of the electromechanical stresses, with the residual stresses being a strongly decreasing function of frequency.
Association between Copeptin and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Background Copeptin, a reliable marker for vasopressin release, has been associated with cardiometabolic diseases including metabolic syndrome (MetS). This systematic review aims to evaluate the association between copeptin and MetS. Methods We searched in Pubmed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases until March 2021 and included observational studies (cohort studies, cross-sectional, and case-control) reporting the risk or prevalence of having MetS in patients with elevated copeptin levels compared to patients without elevated copeptin levels. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was not performed because of the heterogeneity of the copeptin cut-off values. Results A total of 7 studies (5 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, and 1 cohort) were included comprising 11,699 participants. Most of them were performed in the adult general population. Two cross-sectional and one case-control studies found a positive significant association between higher levels of copeptin and MetS. While three cross-sectional and one cohort studies found no association. The case-control study had several methodological limitations, most cross-sectional studies were methodologically adequate and the cohort study had no methodological issues. Conclusions The association between copeptin and MetS is inconsistent. However, the arginine-vasopressin system impairment contributes to metabolic disorders, expressing plasma copeptin changes. Thus, more longitudinal studies are required to corroborate the association of copeptin and MetS.
Institutional Design and Policy Responsiveness in US States

There is significant disagreement on the moderating role of institutions on policy responsive- ness, yet overwhelmingly research in state politics has focused on single institutions. This project leverages a new aggregate scale of state institutions to evaluate if the collective insti- tutional context moderates the influence of public opinion on policy. I use a recently released latent scale of institutional context and find that high levels of accountability pressure strongly strengthen public opinion’s influence on policy for both economic and social policy, while the strength of a state’s checks and balance system is largely unrelated to policy responsiveness. These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating aggregate institutional design into our understanding of the role of institutions in state politics, and that collectively institutions play a large role in determining how public opinion is translated into policy.
Super-resolved three-dimensional near-field mapping by defocused imaging and tracking of fluorescent emitters

Abstract Near-field optics is essential in many nanotechnology applications, such as implementing sensitive biosensing and imaging systems with extreme precision. Understanding optical near-fields at the nanoscale has so attracted the considerable research interest, which use a variety of analytical approaches, most notably near-field scanning microscopy. Here, we show defocused point localization mapped accumulation (DePLOMA), which can overcome many weaknesses of conventional analytical methods. DePLOMA is based on imaging fluorescence emitters at an out-of-focal plane. The acquisition, collection, and accumulation of the position and fluorescence intensity of emitters moving above nanostructures can generate three-dimensional near-field maps of light distribution. The idea enables super-resolution liquid-phase measurements, as demonstrated by reconstruction of near-field created by nanoslits with a resolution determined by emitter size. We employed fluorescent emitters with a radius of 50 and 100 nm for confirmation. The axial resolution was found to be enhanced by more than 6 times above that of diffraction-limited confocal laser scanning microscopy when DePLOMA was used.
Multiple Outliers in Linear Regression: Advances in Detection Methods, Robust Estimation, and Variable Selection

Abstract : Empirical evidence suggests unusual or outlying observations in data sets are much more prevalent than one might expect; 5 to 10% on average for many industries. This research addresses multiple outliers in the linear regression model. Although reliable for a single or a few outliers, standard diagnostic techniques from an ordinary least squares (OLS) fit can fail to identify multiple outliers. The parameter estimates, diagnostic quantities and model inferences from the contaminated data set can be significantly different from those obtained with the clean data. The researcher requires a dependable method to identify and accommodate these multiple outliers. This research tests both direct methods from algorithms and indirect methods from robust regression estimators to identify multiple outliers. A comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study evaluates the impact that outlier density and geometry, regressor variable dimension, and outlying distance have on numerous published methods. The performance study focuses on outlier configurations likely to be encountered in practice and uses a designed experiment approach. The results for each scenario provide insight and limitations in performance for each technique. Recommendations are given for each technique. OLS is the optimal regression estimator under a set of assumptions on the distribution of the error term and predictor variables. Compound robust regression estimators have been proposed as alternatives when some OLS assumptions fail. Compound estimators can accommodate multiple outliers and limit the influence of the observations with remote levels of predictor variables. This research proposes a new compound estimator that is more effective for extreme observations in X space and high dimension than currently published methods. This research also addresses the variable selection problem for compound robust regression estimators.
Forming disc galaxies in major mergers – III. The effect of angular momentum on the radial density profiles of disc galaxies

We study the effect of angular momentum on the surface density profiles of disc galaxies, using high‐resolution simulations of major mergers whose remnants have downbending radial density profiles (type II). As described in the previous papers of this series, in this scenario, most of the disc mass is acquired after the collision via accretion from a hot gaseous halo. We find that the inner and outer disc scalelengths, as well as the break radius, correlate with the total angular momentum of the initial merging system, and are larger for high‐angular momentum systems. We follow the angular momentum redistribution in our simulated galaxies, and find that like the mass, the disc angular momentum is acquired via accretion, i.e. to the detriment of the gaseous halo. Furthermore, high‐angular momentum systems give more angular momentum to their discs, which directly affects their radial density profile. Adding simulations of isolated galaxies to our sample, we find that the correlations are valid also for disc galaxies evolved in isolation. We show that the outer part of the disc at the end of the simulation is populated mainly by inside‐out stellar migration, and that in galaxies with higher angular momentum, stars travel radially further out. This, however, does not mean that outer disc stars (in type II discs) were mostly born in the inner disc. Indeed, generally the break radius increases over time, and not taking this into account leads to overestimating the number of stars born in the inner disc.
Testing extreme-axion wave-like dark matter using the BOSS Lyman-alpha forest data

Using cosmological particle hydrodynamical simulations and uniform ultraviolet backgrounds, we compare Lyman-$\alpha$ forest flux spectra predicted by the conventional cold dark matter (CDM) model, the free-particle wave dark matter (FP$\psi$DM) model and extreme-axion wave dark matter (EA$\psi$DM) models of different initial axion field angles against the BOSS Lyman-$\alpha$ forest absorption spectra with a fixed boson mass $m_b\sim 10^{-22}$eV. We recover results reported previously (Irsic et al. 2017b; Armengaud et al. 2017) that the CDM model agrees better with the BOSS data than the FP$\psi$DM model by a large margin, and we find the difference of total $\chi^2$'s is $120$ for $420$ data bins. These previous results demand a larger boson mass by a factor $>10$ to be consistent with the date and are in tension with the favoured value determined from local satellite galaxies. We however find that such tension is removed as some EA$\psi$DM models predict Lyman-$\alpha$ flux spectra agreeing better with the BOSS data than the CDM model, and the difference of total $\chi^2$'s can be as large as $24$ for the same bin number. This finding arises with no surprise since EA$\psi$DM models have unique spectral shapes with spectral bumps in excess of the CDM power near the small-scale cutoff typical of $\psi$DM linear matter power spectra as well as more extended cutoffs than FP$\psi$DM (Zhang & Chiueh 2017a,b).
Selection rules in alliance formation: strategic decisions or abundance of choice?

We study how firms select partners using a large database of publicly announced R&D alliances over a period of 25 years. We identify, for the first time, two distinct behavioral strategies of firms in forming these alliances. By reconstructing and analysing the temporal R&D network of 14,000 international firms and 21.000 publicly announced alliances, we find a "universal" behavior in firms changing between these strategies. In the first strategy, newcomers and nodes of low centrality initially establish links to nodes of similar or higher centrality. After these firms have consolidated their position and increased their centrality, they switch to the second strategy, and preferably form links to less central nodes. In addition, we show that $k$-core centrality can be established as a measure of firm's success that correlates e.g. with the number of patents (obtained from a dataset of 3 Mio patents). To synthesize our findings, we provide a network growth model based on $k$-core centrality which reproduces the strategic behavior of firms, as well as other properties of the empirical network.