Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary organic aerosol formation in northern Europe: A model study

This paper describes a set of studies which has attempted to make a first estimate of the contribution of biogenic emissions to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation over the Nordic countries. The studies comprise first simulations of smog-chamber experiments and second atmospheric modeling. The α-pinene chemical mechanism suggested by Kamens et al. [1999] has been extended for use in regional oxidant models. Inclusion of dimer-formation in this scheme substantially improved performance for some experimental conditions. Although the modified scheme is necessarily tentative, it fits with experimental findings over a wide range of conditions, covering α-pinene concentrations of between 20 and 900 ppb and NOx concentrations of between zero and 240 ppb. The EMEP oxidant model has been used to estimate SOA formation in northern Europe using this chemical scheme and modified gas/particle partitioning methods. The results suggest that biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute far more than anthropogenic VOC to SOA formation. SOA is calculated to be a very variable fraction, between 2 and 50%, of total organic carbon mass in aerosols over the Nordic countries. This fraction is least at coastal sites in southern Norway and Denmark, and much greater for inland sites and sites further north, reflecting the relative distribution of biogenic precursors. There are great uncertainties in these figures, however, and we have had to neglect important primary sources of organic carbon (OC), notably plant waxes, which probably also contribute significantly to total OC. Further progress will be difficult until more measurements are available to characterize the ambient organic aerosol.
The Glioblastoma CircularRNAome

Glioblastoma remains one of the most aggressive cancers of the brain, warranting new methods for early diagnosis and more efficient treatment options. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are rather new entities with increased stability compared to their linear counterparts that interact with proteins and act as microRNA sponges, among other functions. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the recently described glioblastoma-related circRNAs in the literature, focusing on their roles on glioblastoma cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance. The main roles of circRNAs in regulating cancer processes are due to their regulatory roles in essential oncogenic pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and Wnt, which are influenced by various circRNAs. The present work pictures the wide implication of circRNAs in glioblastoma, thus highlighting their potential as future biomarkers and therapeutic targets/agents.
High Speed Ethernet to USB Interface for Embedded System Communication

The producer of patient monitoring systems GE HealthCare has had the need to provide a wired IP communication interface for one of its monitoring USB devices. This was done by using the embedded micro-controller on the charging station of the monitoring device as a data interface between USB and Ethernet. The software solution was designed to have support for Communication Device Classes ACM, ECM, and EEM, for both USB full-speed and high-speed settings. The software developed was tested using a variety of tools to measure the network performance of the data path, including throughput, latency and packet loss measurements for different packet pattern configurations. The functional and non-functional requirements for the charging device were met, as it was able to provide the USB monitoring device speeds of 94 Mbps through the 10/100 Mbps Ethernet interface, with minimal packet losses, as well as sustaining a stable connection under high load scenarios.
Subparallel dipping heterogeneities in the mid-lower mantle

[1] Data from western U.S. short-period seismic networks show anomalous later phases which we interpret as S-to-P converted waves from heterogeneities in the mid-lower mantle (depths of ∼1000–1850 km) northeast of the Mariana subduction zone. The geometry of the objects is mapped by a two-step approach: (1) computing the S-to-P scattering likelihood with the arrival time, slowness, and azimuth of the later arrivals measured by array techniques relative to direct P waves, and (2) by direct use of the waveforms using semblance. At least three subparallel objects are detected in the lower mantle study region, with the dips of 30° to 40° southward and with a lateral extent larger than 500 km by 300 km. The elastic properties associated with the heterogeneous objects appear to change within several kilometers, considering their high efficiency at converting short-period waves (wavelengths of 5–10 km). Previous seismic tomography studies have not predicted significant velocity anomalies around the heterogeneities. This is probably because they are below the resolution limit of present methods. The three major heterogeneities are separated from each other nearly 300 km vertically, and significant anomalies seem absent between each object. Nevertheless, semblance cross sections with a finer grid size (0.1° × 0.1° × 10 km) of the clearest intermediate object (at 1400–1600 km) show a hint that the object is not a single interface but is actually composed of double interfaces nearly 50 km apart. Purely thermal anomalies of kilometers scale must be transient features in the mantle and thus are highly unlikely to be the cause of the heterogeneities. They should rather represent either sharp chemical variations in major element composition or sharp changes in preferred orientations of anisotropic lattice of the lower mantle minerals. Thermal anomalies, however, may be superimposed on such variations because of heat generation either by concentrated radioactive nuclei or by viscous shear heating due to deformations. A plausible tectonic interpretation of these dipping objects is that they represent remnants of subducted lithospheric plates which preceded the current subduction of the Pacific plate. Although we cannot make conclusive arguments on what the mechanism of creating such heterogeneities from these observations alone, we suggest that they may represent stretched, thinned, and duplexed rocks within chaotic mantle flows.
Research on the Discourse of Libraries During COVID-19 in YouTube Videos Using Topic Modeling and Social Network Analysis

This study explored issues related to the library in the COVID-19 era in YouTube videos in Korea. This study performed social network analysis and topic modeling analysis by collecting 479 YouTube videos, 20,545 words, and 8,379 channels related to COVID-19 and the library from 2019 to 2020. The study results confirmed that YouTube, a social media platform, was used as an important medium to connect users and physical libraries and provide/promote online library services. In the study, major topics and keywords such as quarantine, vlog, and library identity during the COVID-19 pandemic, library services and functions, and introductions and user guides of libraries were derived. Additionally, it was identified that videos about COVID-19 and the library are being produced by various actors (news and media channels, libraries, government agencies, librarians, and individual users). However, the study also identified that the actor network is fragmented through the channel network, showing a low density or weak linkage, and that the centrality of the library in the actor network is weak.
DepNet: An Automated Intelligent System using Deep Learning for Video-based Depression Analysis

tion for depression analysis. More importantly, the distinct characteristic of depression on faces can be mined to assist the clinicians to diagnose the severity of the depressed subjects. Multi-scale experiments, carried out on AVEC2013 and AVEC2014 databases have shown the excellent performance of the intelligent approach. The root mean square error (RMSE) between the predicted values and the BDI-II scores is respectively 9.17 and 9.01 on the two databases, which are lower that those of the state of the art video-based depression recognition methods.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Reciprocal developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety in adolescence

Significant anxiety often occurs in the presence of ADHD symptoms; however, the reasons are not well-understood. We examined the developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms across adolescence (ages 13, 15 and 17) in a community-ascertained, normative longitudinal sample of 1483 youth (52% male). We used an autoregressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to examine within-person developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms and determine whether it is ADHD symptoms that lead to anxiety symptoms and/or the reverse. Results suggested that there are reciprocal within-person developmental relations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms. These findings support the recommendation that targeting ADHD symptoms can be fruitful for addressing anxiety symptoms; however, they suggest that targeting anxiety symptoms may also benefit ADHD symptoms. Results also underline the importance of careful assessment for underlying ADHD symptoms among adolescents presenting with anxiety.
SOIL ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT OF A TYPIC ARGIUDOLL IN URUGUAY UNDER FORAGE CROPS AND PASTURES FOR DIRECT GRAZING: EFFECT OF TILLAGE INTENSITY AND ROTATION SYSTEM

Reduced information exists r egarding tillage intensity effect on soil carbon (SOC) in r otation systems that combine forage cr ops and pastur es grazed dir ectly. A 72 ha experiment comparing 4 soil use intensities (SUI) was installed in 1995 in Uruguay on a Typic Argiudol. SUI
Last stage of the Japan Sea back‐arc opening deduced from the seismic velocity structure using wide‐angle data

The Japan Sea is one of the most well studied back‐arc basins in the northwestern Pacific. The seismic crustal model, however, has been inadequate to elucidate the detailed opening model of the Japan Sea. In 2002, to clarify the late stage of the formation style of the Japan Sea opening, a seismic experiment using 35 ocean bottom seismographs (OBSs), an air gun array, and a multichannel hydrophone streamer was undertaken in the areas from the southwestern Yamato Basin, the Oki Ridge, and the southwestern Oki Trough to the coast of the southwestern Japan Island Arc. The crusts beneath the southwestern Yamato Basin and the Oki Ridge are estimated as having approximately 13 km and 19.5 km, respectively. The upper and lower crusts of the southwestern Yamato Basin are approximately 3.2 km and 8 km thick, respectively. Those of the Oki Ridge are approximately 8.2 km and 10.5 km thick, respectively. The upper crust of the Oki Ridge thickens more steeply than that of the southwestern Yamato Basin; however, the lower crust thickens more gently. The crustal structure of the southwestern Yamato Basin shows the extended continental crust accompanied with the opening of the Japan Sea. A remarkable structural characteristic, the upper crust being thinner than the lower crust, caused by listric or complicated normal faults developed in the upper crust of the southwestern Yamato Basin. This deformed upper crust is a common structural characteristic in the southern Japan Sea, which includes the Yamato Basin. The southern Yamato Basin, including the southwestern Yamato Basin, has the thinnest upper and lower crusts in the Japan Sea. For that reason, it is suggested that the southern Yamato Basin had the strongest deformation by a back‐arc opening and that the period of the opening in the southern Yamato Basin had been longest in the southern Japan Sea. The formation process of the southern Yamato Basin is inferred to have two stages: rifting and extension of continental crust separating the northeastern and southwestern Japan Island Arcs from the Asian continent and, further, the extension affected by the rotation of the southwestern Japan Island Arc.
Immediate and updated forecasting of aftershock hazard

It is well known that the detection rate of aftershocks is extremely low during the period immediately after a large earthquake due to the contamination of arriving seismic waves. This has led to considerable difficulties in obtaining estimates of the empirical laws of aftershock decay and magnitude frequency immediately after main shocks. This paper presents an estimation method for predicting the underlying occurrence rate of aftershocks of any magnitude range, based on a magnitude frequency model that combines the Gutenberg‐Richter law with the detection rate function. This procedure enables real‐time probability forecasting of aftershocks immediately after the mainshock, when the majority of large aftershocks are likely to occur.
Currency Devaluations , Aggregate Demand , and Debt Dynamics in an Economy with Foreign Currency Liabilities

The paper employs a post-Kaleckian model to address the question of how currency devaluations affect aggregate demand, capital accumulation, and debt in an economy with foreign currency liabilities. In benchmark post-Kaleckian open economy models currency devaluations have two key effects. First, they change international price competitiveness and thus affect net exports. Second, devaluations change income distribution and thereby affect consumption and investment demand. The overall effect on aggregate demand and investment is ambiguous and depends on parameter values. Existing models, however, disregard balance sheet effects that arise from foreign currency-denominated external debt. The paper develops a novel post-Kaleckian open economy model that introduces foreign currency-denominated external debt and balance sheet effects. The model is then used to analyse the effects of a currency devaluation on aggregate demand, growth, and debt dynamics in small open economies with a fixed exchange rate in the shortto medium-run. The main findings are that the existence of foreign currency-denominated debt means that devaluations are more likely to take a contractionary form, and that foreign interest rate hikes, and high illiquidity and risk premia compromise debt sustainability. Devaluations only stabilise debt ratios if they succeed in boosting domestic capital accumulation.
SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATES

This paper studies the identification and estimation of treatment response with heterogeneous spillovers in a network model. We generalize the standard linear-in-means model to allow for multiple groups with between and within-group interactions. We provide a set of identification conditions of peer effects and consider a 2SLS estimation approach. Large sample properties of the proposed estimators are derived. Simulation experiments show that the estimators perform well in finite samples. The model is used to study the effectiveness of policies where peer effects are seen as a mechanism through which the treatments could propagate through the network. When interactions among groups are at work, a shock on a treated group has effects on the non-treated. Our framework allows for quantifying how much of the indirect treatment effect is due to variations in the characteristics of treated peers (treatment contextual effects) and how much is because of variations in peer outcomes (peer effects).
Directed Incremental Symbolic Execution

The last few years have seen a resurgence of interest in the use of symbolic execution—a program analysis technique developed more than three decades ago to analyze program execution paths. Scaling symbolic execution to real systems remains challenging despite recent algorithmic and technological advances. An effective approach to address scalability is to reduce the scope of the analysis. For example, in regression analysis, differences between two related program versions are used to guide the analysis. While such an approach is intuitive, finding efficient and precise ways to identify program differences, and characterize their impact on how the program executes has proved challenging in practice. In this article, we present Directed Incremental Symbolic Execution (DiSE), a novel technique for detecting and characterizing the impact of program changes to scale symbolic execution. The novelty of DiSE is to combine the efficiencies of static analysis techniques to compute program difference information with the precision of symbolic execution to explore program execution paths and generate path conditions affected by the differences. DiSE complements other reduction and bounding techniques for improving symbolic execution. Furthermore, DiSE does not require analysis results to be carried forward as the software evolves—only the source code for two related program versions is required. An experimental evaluation using our implementation of DiSE illustrates its effectiveness at detecting and characterizing the effects of program changes.
Monitoring water quality parameters in the marine area of Danube Delta using satellite remote sensing: preliminary results

The aim of this work was to produce water quality parameter maps for the marine area of the Danube Delta using remotely sensed data and to validate the results with in-situ measurements. For this reason, satellite images from ENVISAT/MERIS and Aqua/MODIS were used along with collocated in-situ measurements. The latter were in-sync with the satellite images acquisition so that rigorous and validation could be performed. Chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended matter were estimated using the CASE-II algorithm and MERIS satellite images, while sea surface temperature was estimated from MODIS Ocean Team products. The results show that the satellite images covered the study area completely, with some data gaps due to cloud coverage. Comparisons show a good correspondence with in-situ measurements. Thus, the time series of satellite images that was produced suggests that it is possible to monitor the biological changes on an operational basis. The produced maps described a detailed spatial pattern of chlorophyll-a and total suspended matter that could not have been identified from the sparse in-situ measurements.
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching and Learning over Time

This study is an attempt to review the main language teaching approaches and methods used in the last hundred and fifty years or so. This is justified by the fact that though some teachers, native and non-native, may have some knowledge of the theoretical underpinnings of their classroom practices and techniques, they may lack an understanding of some other related past and present teaching methods and approaches. Those methods and approaches are reviewed in a simple and straightforward fashion. The theoretical, economic, political, and educational factors affecting their development, implementation, and change are touched upon in order for teachers to better understand their classroom implementation and seek to improve it and justify it with reference to a clearer, simpler, and more straightforward reading of the literature on the topic in focus.
PRÁCTICAS PRESUPUESTARIAS APLICADAS A LAS EMPRESAS HOTELERAS DE BRASIL Un estudio en la ciudad de Florianópolis

** Abstract: Budget Practices Applied in Hotel Companies of Brazil: a Study in the City of Florianopolis. This study aims to explore the budgeting practices of hotel companies in the city of Florianopolis (SC). To achieve this objective an empirical research was realized with a questionnaire that was sent to all the hotels associated with ABIH-SC (Hotel Industry Association of Santa Catarina), the initial population is composed of 66 hotels in Florianopolis. From this initial population were selected 41 hotels that have a formal budgeting, with the return of 14 questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were applied to the results, to improve the basis for discussions. The results show that most of the hotels have a formal budget and the bottom-up budgeting process is predominant. The research reveals that budgets are formulated with greater frequency, using economic indicators and results from previous years. The role of the budget is largely linked to the monitoring of organizational performance. In the control of the budget, are frequently applied, benchmarking and analysis of the
Application of Linear Inversion Theory Toward the Estimation of Seismic Source Parameters

A discussion is given concerning the development of methods for obtaining an accurate representation of the forward elastostatic problem of describing the processes which accompany faulting. A method is suggested by which a more complicated and arbitrary static dislocation function could be approximated with the formulations derived for simple dislocation sources. A stochastic inverse is used to provide optimum estimates of the source description when observed elastostatic phenomena are systematically related to the media response of the various source parameters. This method is applied to the observed static displacement data from the 1964 Alaska earthquake and the 1971 San Fernando, California, earthquake. For the Alaskan event, the surface static displacements are calculated with the finite-element numerical modeling technique in which the effects of known geologic heterogeneities of the region are taken into account. The fault model used is that of a shallow angle fault underthrusting the Alaskan continental block. The calculated optimum static offset, stress drop, and strain energy density along the fault were found to be variable with a maximum offset of about 30 m. The region of maximum stress drop (218 bars) and maximum strain energy density change is found to correspond to the region of maximum compressional wave radiation. The resolution and resolvability of the calculated static fault model is discussed. For the San Fernando earthquake, the static dislocation along the assumed fault plane was also found to vary considerably. The observed surface displacements are fit to a high degree of accuracy by the given model. Included in the inversion data set are changes in the local gravity field caused by the earthquake. These changes can be predicted from known changes in elevation when a Bouguer correction is applied to the gravity data. The spatial and frequency distribution of path-corrected Rayleigh waves from the San Fernando earthquake are systematically related to the faulting process. The surface wave source is taken to be a depth-distributed set of double couples. A least-squares inversion is used to find the set of source parameters which optimally fit the variance-weighted data. The inversion results indicate a depth-distributed moment of 1.7 x 1026 dyne-cm. The slip angles of the sources varied in such a way along the fault that the displacements became more predominantly dip slip as the dislocation propagated upward from the point of initial rupture at about 3.0 km/sec. A sophisticated error analysis is performed to estimate the uncertainties of the calculated model variables. An appendix is included in which the analytical expressions are derived for the complete strain field due to a dislocation on an arbitrarily inclined fault in a homogeneous half-space. Although the expressions are lengthy, the strain values can be calculated quickly on a computer since no numerical integration is necessary.
Multi-Period Corporate Failure Prediction with Stochastic Covariates

We provide maximum likelihood estimators of term structures of conditional probabilities of bankruptcy over relatively long time horizons, incorporating the dynamics of firm-specific and macroeconomic covariates. We find evidence in the U.S. industrial machinery and instruments sector, based on over 28,000 firm-quarters of data spanning 1971 to 2001, of significant dependence of the level and shape of the term structure of conditional future bankruptcy probabilities on a firm's distance to default (a volatility-adjusted measure of leverage) and on U.S. personal income growth, among other covariates. Variation in a firm's distance to default has a greater relative effect on the term structure of future failure hazard rates than does a comparatively sized change in U.S. personal income growth, especially at dates more than a year into the future.