Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Time Series Classification Techniques Used in Biomedical Applications

Background: Digital clinical measures collected via various digital sensing technologies such as smartphones, smartwatches, wearables, and ingestible and implantable sensors are increasingly used by individuals and clinicians to capture the health outcomes or behavioral and physiological characteristics of individuals. Time series classification (TSC) is very commonly used for modeling digital clinical measures. While deep learning models for TSC are very common and powerful, there exist some fundamental challenges. This review presents the non-deep learning models that are commonly used for time series classification in biomedical applications that can achieve high performance. Objective: We performed a systematic review to characterize the techniques that are used in time series classification of digital clinical measures throughout all the stages of data processing and model building. Methods: We conducted a literature search on PubMed, as well as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases using a range of search terms to retrieve peer-reviewed articles that report on the academic research about digital clinical measures from a five-year period between June 2016 and June 2021. We identified and categorized the research studies based on the types of classification algorithms and sensor input types. Results: We found 452 papers in total from four different databases: PubMed, IEEE, Web of Science Database, and SCOPUS. After removing duplicates and irrelevant papers, 135 articles remained for detailed review and data extraction. Among these, engineered features using time series methods that were subsequently fed into widely used machine learning classifiers were the most commonly used technique, and also most frequently achieved the best performance metrics (77 out of 135 articles). Statistical modeling (24 out of 135 articles) algorithms were the second most common and also the second-best classification technique. Conclusions: In this review paper, summaries of the time series classification models and interpretation methods for biomedical applications are summarized and categorized. While high time series classification performance has been achieved in digital clinical, physiological, or biomedical measures, no standard benchmark datasets, modeling methods, or reporting methodology exist. There is no single widely used method for time series model development or feature interpretation, however many different methods have proven successful.
MetaEar: Imperceptible Acoustic Side Channel Continuous Authentication Based on ERTF

With the development of ubiquitous mobile devices, biometrics authentication has received much attention from researchers. For immersive experiences in AR (augmented reality), convenient continuous biometric authentication technologies are required to provide security for electronic assets and transactions through head-mounted devices. Existing fingerprint or face authentication methods are vulnerable to spoof attacks and replay attacks. In this paper, we propose MetaEar, which harnesses head-mounted devices to send FMCW (Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave) ultrasonic signals for continuous biometric authentication of the human ear. CIR (channel impulse response) leveraged the channel estimation theory to model the physiological structure of the human ear, called the Ear Related Transfer Function (ERTF). It extracts unique representations of the human ear’s intrinsic and extrinsic biometric features. To overcome the data dependency of Deep Learning and improve its deployability in mobile devices, we use the lightweight learning approach for classification and authentication. Our implementation and evaluation show that the average accuracy can reach about 96% in different scenarios with small amounts of data. MetaEar enables one to handle immersive deployable authentication and be more sensitive to replay and impersonation attacks.
Menisporopsisaquatica sp. nov. (Sordariomycetes, Chaetosphaeriales, Chaetosphaeriaceae), from freshwater habitat in China

Abstract Background Freshwater fungi are an integral part of freshwater ecosystems. They promote the carbon cycle of the ecosystem by decomposing wood substrates. Menisporopsis is a fungal genus of Chaetosphaeriales in Sordariomycetes, which has been commonly collected from aquatic and marine environments. Most species of this genus are saprophytes. New information Here, a new freshwater hyphomycetous fungus, Menisporopsisaquatica, reported from submerged rotten wood samples collected in a stream in Zhejiang Province, south-eastern China. The new species is characterised by hyaline conidia appendiculate with 1-2 setulae at each end and synnematous conidiophores growing closely around a black central seta. Molecular phylogeny of Menisporopsis was studied using a combined two-loci dataset, including the internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit gene sequences (nrLSU). The new species is illustrated and a synopsis of the Menisporopsis species is presented in this paper.
Study of the X-ray properties of the neutron star binary 4U 1728–34 from the soft-to-hard state

We studied five XMM-Newton observations of the neutron star binary 4U 1728-34 covering the hard, intermediate and soft spectral states. By jointly fitting the spectra with several reflection models, we obtained an inclination angle of 25 degrees-53 degrees and an iron abundance up to 10 times the solar. From the fits with reflection models, we found that the fluxes of the reflection and the Comptonized components vary inconsistently; since the latter is assumed to be the illuminating source, this result possibly indicates the contribution of the neutron star surface/boundary layer to the disc reflection. As the source evolved from the relatively soft to the intermediate state, the disc inner radius decreased, opposite to the prediction of the standard accretion disc model. We also explore the possible reasons why the supersolar iron abundance is required by the data and found that this high value is probably caused by the absence of the hard photons in the XMM-Newton data.
Direct MALDI-TOF MS and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Positive Blood Cultures Using the FASTTM System and FAST-PBC Prep Cartridges—Performance Evaluation in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Serving High-Risk Patients

Bloodstream infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The rapid diagnostic testing of positive blood cultures (PBCs) shortens times to effective therapy and the de-escalation of broad-spectrum empiric therapy. This is the first study examining the Qvella FASTTM System for the rapid (~20 min) purification of microorganisms directly from PBCs using BacT/Alert® FA/FAN bottles in the bioMérieux Virtuo instrument. We compared the performance of the FASTTM System Liquid ColonyTM (LC), for immediate downstream ID and phenotypic AST, to standard workflow involving colonies obtained by overnight subculture. The LC yielded a concordant species ID by VITEK MS in 121/138 (87.7%) samples, identifying 32 different Gram-positive and Gram-negative species with 3/123 (2.6%) discordances. Compared to standard workflow, direct AST of the LC using VITEK® 2 yielded 98.4% categorical agreement and 98.0% essential agreement. Very major error, major error, and minor error rates were 1.0%, 0.0%, and 1.8%, respectively, for Gram-negative organisms; and 1.9%, 0.2%, and 1.2%, respectively, for Gram-positive organisms. The median times from positive blood culture flag to results by FASTTM System for ID and AST were 7.8 h and 15.7 h, respectively, versus 22.4 h and 36.6 h for standard workflow, respectively. In conclusion, the FASTTM System provides reliable results for direct ID and AST from PBCs with significantly decreased turnaround times.
Low NETosis Induced in Anaplasma phagocytophilum-Infected Cells

Anaplasma phagocytophilum are obligatory intracellular bacteria that preferentially replicate inside leukocytes by utilizing biological compounds and processes of these primary host defensive cells. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further characterize A. phagocytophilum–host interactions using the neutrophil-like model of human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. We detected a hierarchy of molecules involved in A. phagocytophilum-HL60 interactions with overrepresentation in infected human cells of proteins involved in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and cell surface monocyte markers. As A. phagocytophilum phagocytosis by neutrophils is inhibited, the results suggested a possible explanation for our bioinformatics data: radical oxygen compounds could induce the killing of bacteria activating NETosis, a unique form of defense mechanism resulting in cell death that is characterized by the release of decondensed chromatin and granular contents to the extracellular space, forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to eliminate invading microorganisms. Thus, we confirmed the existence of a low NETosis induced in A. phagocytophilum-infected cells by immunofluorescence (IF) experiments. These results provide new insights into the complex mechanisms that govern immune response during A. phagocytophilum host interactions.
Strengthening Community Participation in Spatial Planning of Riverflow Regions in Medan City

Due to the impact of the flooding issues in Medan City, which are driven by the occurrence of sedimentation, narrowing, and law enforcement, it is required to offer alternate options for watershed management through a strategy to increase community involvement in spatial design. This study uses a qualitative, descriptive methodology. Techniques for gathering data include documentation, holding FGDs with seven stakeholders, and conducting in-depth interviews with riverside communities. According to the study's findings, Medan City's watershed management has not been carried out to its full potential through community participation. The situation gets worse as a result, as evidenced by the growth of riverbank communities, deteriorating water quality, poor health, and extensive floods. The primary issue that has to be fixed is the lack of communication between the community and the government. Low public knowledge and ineffective law enforcement in policing and securing river borders are barriers to community participation in spatial planning. This study suggests that pertinent organizations set up a watershed management coordination forum and educate and engage the local population in watershed management. This study offers a thorough understanding of how the quantity and quality of watersheds in Medan City are worsened by poor community participation.
Entanglement quantification from incomplete measurements: applications using photon-number-resolving weak homodyne detectors

The certificate of success for a number of important quantum information processing protocols, such as entanglement distillation, is based on the difference in the entanglement content of the system quantum states before and after the protocol. In such cases, effective bounds need to be placed on the entanglement of non-local states consistent with statistics obtained from local measurements. In this paper, we study numerically the ability of a hybrid homodyne detector that combines phase sensitivity and photon-number resolution to set accurate bounds on the entanglement content of two-mode quadrature squeezed states without the need for full state tomography. We show that it is possible to set tight lower bounds on the entanglement of a family of two-mode degaussified states using only a few measurements. This presents a significant improvement over the resource requirements for the experimental demonstration of continuous-variable entanglement distillation, which traditionally relies on full quantum state tomography.
Anthocyanin Accumulation Provides Protection against High Light Stress While Reducing Photosynthesis in Apple Leaves

The photoprotective role of anthocyanin remains controversial. In this study, we explored the effects of anthocyanin on photosynthesis and photoprotection using transgenic ‘Galaxy Gala’ apple plants overexpressing MdMYB10 under high light stress. The overexpression of MdMYB10 dramatically enhanced leaf anthocyanin accumulation, allowing more visible light to be absorbed, particularly in the green region. However, through post-transcriptional regulation, anthocyanin accumulation lowered leaf photosynthesis in both photochemical reaction and CO2 fixation capacities. Anthocyanin accumulation also led to a decreased de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle and antioxidant capacities, but this is most likely a response to the light-shielding effect of anthocyanin, as indicated by a higher chlorophyll concentration and lower chlorophyll a/b ratio. Under laboratory conditions when detached leaves lost carbon fixation capacity due to the limitation of CO2 supply, the photoinhibition of detached transgenic red leaves was less severe under strong white, green, or blue light, but it became more severe in response to strong red light compared with that of the wild type. In field conditions when photosynthesis was performed normally in both green and transgenic red leaves, the degree of photoinhibition was comparable between transgenic red leaves and wild type leaves, but it was less severe in transgenic young shoot bark compared with the wild type. Taken together, these data show that anthocyanin protects plants from high light stress by absorbing excessive visible light despite reducing photosynthesis.
Folic Acid Improves Parkin-Null Drosophila Phenotypes and Transiently Reduces Vulnerable Dopaminergic Neuron Mitochondrial Hydrogen Peroxide Levels and Glutathione Redox Equilibrium

Loss-of-function parkin mutations cause oxidative stress and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Several consequences of parkin mutations have been described; to what degree they contribute to selective neurodegeneration remains unclear. Specific factors initiating excessive reactive oxygen species production, inefficient antioxidant capacity, or a combination are elusive. Identifying key oxidative stress contributors could inform targeted therapy. The absence of Drosophila parkin causes selective degeneration of a dopaminergic neuron cluster that is functionally homologous to the substantia nigra. By comparing observations in these to similar non-degenerating neurons, we may begin to understand mechanisms by which parkin loss of function causes selective degeneration. Using mitochondrially targeted redox-sensitive GFP2 fused with redox enzymes, we observed a sustained increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels in vulnerable dopaminergic neurons of parkin-null flies. Only transient increases in hydrogen peroxide were observed in similar but non-degenerating neurons. Glutathione redox equilibrium is preferentially dysregulated in vulnerable neuron mitochondria. To shed light on whether dysregulated glutathione redox equilibrium primarily contributes to oxidative stress, we supplemented food with folic acid, which can increase cysteine and glutathione levels. Folic acid improved survival, climbing, and transiently decreased hydrogen peroxide and glutathione redox equilibrium but did not mitigate whole-brain oxidative stress.
Thermo-stamping shear characteristics of thermoplastics based on X-ray micro-CT

ABSTRACT Understanding the thermo-stamping shear characteristics is not only essential to improve the forming quality of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GFRPP) products but also critical to ensure their structure design reliability. Most previous studies primarily focused on the fiber yarn shear characteristics in the outer surface of the composite product, and omitted the shear angle variations of the inner layers, which might increase the failure risk to the product design. In this study, the U-shaped GFRPP rail was manufactured by the thermo-stamping process and scanned layer-by-layer through the X-ray micro-CT technology. Based on the scanning results, the differences in the shear angle variations of different layers at the same position, and within the same layer but different zones were analyzed, respectively. Finally, the effect of the temperature variation on the shear angle variation was analyzed by the simulation method. Results indicate that the interlaminar shear forces and slippages lead to the differences in shear angle variations among different layers. Intralaminar fiber yarn slippages and bending deformations caused the differences in shear angle variations within the same layer. The heat loss of the stamping molds resulted in a lower stamping temperature and further led to shear angle variation reduction. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Probing the interstellar dust towards the Galactic Centre: dust-scattering halo around AX J1745.6−2901

AX J1745.6-2901 is an X-ray binary located at only 1.45 arcmin from Sgr A*, showcasing a strong X-ray dust scattering halo. We combine Chandra and XMM-Newton observations to study the halo around this X-ray binary. Our study shows two major thick dust layers along the line of sight (LOS) towards AX J1745.6-2901. The LOS position and $N_{H}$ of these two layers depend on the dust grain models with different grain size distribution and abundances. But for all the 19 dust grain models considered, dust Layer-1 is consistently found to be within a fractional distance of 0.11 (mean value: 0.05) to AX J1745.6-2901 and contains only (19-34)% (mean value: 26%) of the total LOS dust. The remaining dust is contained in Layer-2, which is distributed from the Earth up to a mean fractional distance of 0.64. A significant separation between the two layers is found for all the dust grain models, with a mean fractional distance of 0.31. Besides, an extended wing component is discovered in the halo, which implies a higher fraction of dust grains with typical sizes $\lesssim$ 590 \AA\ than considered in current dust grain models. Assuming AX J1745.6-2901 is 8 kpc away, dust Layer-2 would be located in the Galactic disk several kpc away from the Galactic Centre (GC). The dust scattering halo biases the observed spectrum of AX J1745.6-2901 severely in both spectral shape and flux, and also introduces a strong dependence on the size of the instrumental point spread function and the source extraction region. We build Xspec models to account for this spectral bias, which allow us to recover the intrinsic spectrum of AX J1745.6-2901 free from dust scattering opacity. If dust Layer-2 also intervenes along the LOS to Sgr A* and other nearby GC sources, a significant spectral correction for the dust scattering opacity would be necessary for all these GC sources.
Endothelial Damage and Muscle Wasting in Cardiac Surgery Patients

This is a post-hoc analysis to assess the effect of anesthesia, surgical trauma, and extracorporeal circuit on endothelial integrity, microvascular permeability, and extracellular fluid balance, as well as on skeletal muscle catabolism, in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. We included 127 well-nourished patients undergoing “on-pump” elective cardiac surgery. One day prior to surgery (D0) and again on postoperative day 7 (POD7), body mass index, body composition assessment, hand-grip strength (HGS), and mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were measured. Patients were assigned to early recovery (ER) and late recovery (LR) groups, depending on the duration of ICU stay (cut-off 48 hours). The magnitude of change (Δ) in all parameters studied was assessed in ER versus LR groups, regarding (i) epithelial tissue dysfunction (Δ-Extra-Cellular Water percentage (Δ-ECW%), Δ-Phase Angle (Δ-PhA)), (ii) skeletal muscle mass catabolism (Δ-Skeletal muscle mass reduction%, Δ-Hand Grip Strength (Δ-HGS) and Δ-Mid Upper-Arm Muscle Circumference (Δ-MAMC)). Baseline measurements were similar in both groups. A significant difference was observed in all Δ-parameters studied (Δ-ECW%, Δ-PhA and muscle catabolism, Δ-HGS, Δ-MAMC), the worse results being correlated to the LR group. The results raise the issue that patients with early recovery may silently have pathological conditions, continuing even on the day of discharge - further research should be planned.
Suppressed star formation by a merging cluster system

We examine the effects of an impending cluster merger on galaxies in the large-scale structure (LSS) RX J0910 at z =1.105. Using multiwavelength data, including 102 spectral members drawn from the Observations of Redshift Evolution in Large Scale Environments (ORELSE) survey and precise photometric redshifts, we calculate star formation rates and map the specific star formation rate density of the LSS galaxies. These analyses along with an investigation of the colour–magnitude properties of LSS galaxies indicate lower levels of star formation activity in the region between the merging clusters relative to the outskirts of the system. We suggest that gravitational tidal forces due to the potential of the merging haloes may be the physical mechanism responsible for the observed suppression of star formation in galaxies caught between the merging clusters.
On the eclipsing cataclysmic variable star HBHA 4705-03

We present observations and analysis of a new eclipsing binary HBHA 4705-03. Using decomposition of the light curve into accretion disk and hot spot components, we estimated photometrically the mass ratio of the studied system to be q=0.62 +-0.07. Other fundamental parameters was found with modeling. This approach gave: white dwarf mass M_1 = (0.8 +- 0.2) M_sun, secondary mass M_2=(0.497 +- 0.05) M_sun, orbital radius a=1.418 R_sun, orbital inclination i = (81.58 +- 0.5) deg, accretion disk radius r_d/a = 0.366 +- 0.002, and accretion rate dot{M} = (2.5 +- 2) * 10^{18}[g/s], (3*10^{-8} [M_sun/yr]). Power spectrum analysis revealed ambiguous low-period Quasi Periodic Oscillations centered at the frequencies f_{1}=0.00076 Hz, f_2=0.00048 Hz and f_3=0.00036 Hz. The B-V=0.04 [mag] color corresponds to a dwarf novae during an outburst. The examined light curves suggest that HBHA 4705-03 is a nova-like variable star.
Description of nuclear collective excitations in the interacting-boson model

A unified description of nuclear collective motion is proposed which treats the collective states as excitations of a system of interacting bosons. The method includes the finite dimension of the shell-model space participating in formation of collective states. The Hamiltonian of quadrupole bosons in the vibrational limit is solved first in a simple analytic form. The anharmonicity caused by the interaction of quadrupole bosons is included. We also obtain simple expressions for the B(E2) values and classify the states. Further, using the perturbation method, and later exactly, we include the effect of those parts of the Hamiltonian which determine the interaction of bosons with different multipolarities. The theoretical results for /sup 74/Se, /sup 106,108/Pd, /sup 110/Cd, and /sup 190/Pt are compared with the experimental data.