Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Improving big data security and Service

– The paradigm of big data has been one of the most interesting concepts that have been evolving in the recent years. The big data is extremely difficult to analyze and effectively process to achieve insightful information. The security management of big data that has extremely high velocity and volume of data becomes a mammoth task. The mismanagement of this data can lead to the theft of confidential or sensitive information that can be highly problematic in the event of a data leak. A number of approaches has been designed to combat this effect but there has been a lack of efficiency in these approaches. Therefore an effective methodology has been implemented that it effectively classifies and partitions big data queries which are mapped for parallel computation on to a mongo DB database. The approach specified in this research article also utilizes the concept of bilinear pairing through implementation of hashing and the detection of avalanche effect for the purpose of tamper detection and the forensic analysis for effective security report generation.
Effect Of Al 2 O 3 Barrier On The Field Emission Properties Of Tungsten Single-Tip Field Emitters

—This research aims to obtain a more in-depth understanding of the field emission properties of tungsten single-tip field emitters (STFEs) coated with a several tens of nanometer thin barrier of Al 2 O 3 . The introduction of an additional barrier into the metal-vacuum interface system of the emitter can be beneficial to improve its performance. The tungsten emitters were prepared using a two-step electrochemical drop-off etching technique. Thin oxide barrier coatings were prepared by using low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD), a chemical vapor deposition technique. Field emission was studied in an internally developed field emission microscope (FEM) working in UHV vacuum (< 1·10−7 Pa), and the experimental field emission data were analyzed by the so-called Murphy-Good plotsThe value of the local work function of the grown oxide layer were investigated using Ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS).
The Meridional Structure of Baroclinic Waves

Abstract The two-layer model is used to study how horizontal shear in a baroclinic zonal flow affects the structure of growing baroclinic waves. The solution is simplified by assuming that the radius of deformation is small compared to the planetary scale. The method of solution yields results for waves near neutral stability. For these waves, solutions are found for many different wind profiles. These solutions show: 1) that the waves have a natural meridional scale equal to the radius of deformation, the same as the zonal scale; 2) that the wave perturbation in the lower atmosphere is primarily confined to regions where the vertical shear of the unperturbed zonal flow is greatest; and 3) the horizontal eddy stresses always transport momentum against the horizontal gradient of the zonal flow. Thus, the baroclinic waves tend to increase the intensity of any jets present in the unperturbed zonal flow, no matter what their number or position, and they are accompanied by horizontal shearing and stretching de.
FLUCTUATIONS IN AN EQUILIBRIUM GAS.

Equations for the correlation functions of the number density in μ space are derived, for a neutral gas and a plasma in equilibrium, from the two time Liouville equation. For the neutral gas, after sufficient smoothing has taken place the equation becomes the linearized Boltzmann equation. For the plasma the “collision” term is approximated and the equation solved for the correlation functions in space. The electron‐electron function is examined in the limit of zero wavenumber and lowest order in the mass ratios and shows that, due to electron‐ion collisions, the resonance is shifted from the collisionless result ωe and has a width proportional to ωe times the plasma parameter.
ROTATIONAL STATES OF EVEN–EVEN NUCLEI

Rotational energy levels of axially asymmetric nuclei were calculated in the manner of Davydov and Filippov, and a comparison with experiment shows good quantitative agreement. It is suggested that agreement may be improved by introducing the Bohr-Mottelson vibrationrotation interaction and a centrifugal stretching correction analogous to the type used in molecular spectra. The D-F method seems to be particularly useful for nuclei in the transition regions between"rotational" and"near-harmonic" modes of collective excitation. (auth)
Automatic subpixel target detection for multispectral remotely sensed imagery

Least square unmixing approach has been successfully applied to hyperspectral remotely sensed images for subpixel target detection. It can detect target with size less than a pixel by estimating its abundance fraction resident in each pixel. In order for the this approach to be effective, the number of bands must be larger than or equal to that of signatures to be classified, i.e., the number of equations should be no less than the number of unknowns. This ensures that there are sufficient dimensions to accommodate orthogonal projections resulting from the individual signatures. It is known as band number constraint (BNC). Such inherent constraint is not an issue for hyperspectral images since they generally have hundreds of bands, which is more than the number of signatures resident within images. However, this may not be true for multispectral images where the number of signatures to be classified might be greater than the number of bands. In order to relax this constraint, an extension of the least square approach is presented. With a set of least square filters that are nonlinearly combined, endmember detection for multispectral images can be realized. Furthermore, to detect targets in unknown background is a greater challenge. That is the well known Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) programs. In this paper, we also proposed a Multispectral Target Generation Process (MTGP) that will automatic search for potential targets in the image scene. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by SPOT images. The experimental results show significantly improves in classification performance than Orthogonal Subspace Projection (OSP) and Automatic Target Detection and Classification Algorithm (ATDCA).
Single-lock: a stable Fabry-Perot based wavelength calibrator

Pushing the RV technique to the precision required to detect Earth-like planets around Solar-type stars requires extreme stability in the wavelength calibrator. We are developing a wavelength calibration technique based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer locked to a stabilized laser. This approach offers advantages over other methods: it produces a broadband, emission comb output from 380-790 nm that is difficult to achieve with a laser frequency comb; by injecting into the science fibers before and after observations, weak signals from velocities in the stellar photosphere that would be masked by iodine reference lines can be now be identified; and by locking the laser to an atomic transition, the spectrum will be stabilized to better than 1 part in 10 e-11, corresponding to a wavelength solution that is known to better than 1 cms-1.
On the $\tau $-Decomposition Method of Stability Analysis for Retarded Dynamical Systems

This paper deals with a method of studying the effects of the amount of time delay on the stability of dynamical. systems. The method of analysis involves first decomposing the positive time delay axis into many intervals within each of which the stability character remains unchanged. For the change of stability character from interval to interval the result is expressed geometrically in terms of leaving or entering of a unit circle by a curve which is determined by a rational function. The paper extends the work of Krall and extends and modifies the earlier work of Sokolov and Miasnikov.
Global robustness of nonlinear systems to state measurement disturbances

We consider nonlinear control systems for which an estimate x/spl circ/ of the system state x is available for feedback. We assume x/spl circ/=x+d/sub m/, where d/sub m/(t) is an unknown locally bounded state measurement disturbance. We present conditions under which we can design a smooth feedback law u=/spl mu/(x/spl circ/) which renders the mapping from d/sub m/ to x globally input/output stable. For any initial condition, such a feedback law will guarantee that no finite escape times occur, that bounded disturbances d/sub m/ produce bounded signals, and that x/spl rarr/0 when d/sub m//spl rarr/0. We show that the class of systems for which such feedback laws exist include systems in strict feedback form. One important application is in the output feedback stabilization problem, where the disturbance d/sub m/ comes from a separately designed observer. <<ETX>>
The integral Newton's and MacLaurin's theorems in tensor form

The current paper deals with the investigation of the gravitational potential of heterogeneous ellipsoids and its extension to the tensor potential, since little attention has been given to this point in the last century. In this view, both integral Newton's and integral MacLaurin's theorems are formulated in tensor form. The generalization is extended to heterogeneous homeoids and focaloidally striated ellipsoids, respectively. A discontinuity in the tensor potential is found across a homogeneous, infinitely thin focaloid, which vanishes in the spherical limit. The potential-energy tensors related to focaloidally striated ellipsoids are expressed in integral form, depending on the density profile. All the results are particularized to the spherical limit, for which both Newton's and MacLaurin's theorems hold. With the aim of illustrating the procedure, an explicit calculation of the potential-energy tensors is outlined in the special case of homogeneous, spherical configurations. Finally, an application is made to the Coma cluster of galaxies.
Surface and boundary‐layer modelling for the Mars Exploration Rover sites

The boundary layer and surface temperatures at the two Mars Exploration Rover sites (Spirit at Gusev Crater; Opportunity at Meridiani plains) were simulated with a soil–atmosphere column model and compared with the observations retrieved from scans through the thin and dusty CO2 atmosphere by the miniature thermal emission spectrometers (mini‐TES) onboard the two rovers.
Molecular profiling of breast cancer using high-frequency ultrasound

In addition to the traditional classifications based on histopathology, breast cancer can also be classified by gene expression profiling into five molecular subtypes that have been found to be more predictive of patient prognosis and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to determine if high-frequency (HF) ultrasound (20-80 MHz) is sensitive to the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and can differentiate between the more aggressive subtypes such as triple-negative and Her2+ from the less aggressive, more treatable subtypes. Recently, mutations associated with triple-negative and Her2+ have been discovered that are associated with the actin cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix (ECM), and integrin signaling. These mutations may alter the biomechanical and thus ultrasonic properties of tumor cells. This hypothesis was tested using both numerical and cell culture studies. Multipole expansions were used to simulate micro-level ultrasonic scattering from malignant cells with a range of cytoskeletal and ECM properties. Modest property changes produced large variations in simulated spectra. Cell lines of different molecular subtypes were also cultured as monolayers and tested with HF ultrasound. Results from the cell culture tests and their correlation to the models will be discussed. This work was supported by a Utah Valley University Presidential Fellowship Award.
Development of optimized segmentation map in dual energy computed tomography

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) has been widely used in clinical practice and has been particularly effective for tissue diagnosis. In DECT the difference of two attenuation coefficients acquired by two kinds of X-ray energy enables tissue segmentation. One problem in conventional DECT is that the segmentation deteriorates in some cases, such as bone removal. This is due to two reasons. Firstly, the segmentation map is optimized without considering the Xray condition (tube voltage and current). If we consider the tube voltage, it is possible to create an optimized map, but unfortunately we cannot consider the tube current. Secondly, the X-ray condition is not optimized. The condition can be set empirically, but this means that the optimized condition is not used correctly. To solve these problems, we have developed methods for optimizing the map (Method-1) and the condition (Method-2). In Method-1, the map is optimized to minimize segmentation errors. The distribution of the attenuation coefficient is modeled by considering the tube current. In Method-2, the optimized condition is decided to minimize segmentation errors depending on tube voltagecurrent combinations while keeping the total exposure constant. We evaluated the effectiveness of Method-1 by performing a phantom experiment under the fixed condition and of Method-2 by performing a phantom experiment under different combinations calculated from the total exposure constant. When Method-1 was followed with Method-2, the segmentation error was reduced from 37.8 to 13.5 %. These results demonstrate that our developed methods can achieve highly accurate segmentation while keeping the total exposure constant.
Sensitivity analysis of the t-distribution under truncated normal populations

In recent literature, the truncated normal distribution has been used to model the stochastic structure for a variety of random structures. In this paper, the sensitivity of the t-random variable under a left-truncated normal population is explored. Simulation results are used to assess the errors associated when applying the student t-distribution to the case of an underlying left-truncated normal population. The maximum errors are modelled as a linear function of the magnitude of the truncation and sample size. In the case of a left-truncated normal population, adjustments to standard inferences for the mean, namely confidence intervals and observed significance levels, based on the t-random variable are introduced.
Reliability of normalized surface electromyographic signals of maximal upper-body isokinetic strength

BACKGROUND: Normalization in surface electromyography (SEMG) has been the object of numerous investigations. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of normalized SEMG amplitude, as well as the reliability of different normalization coefficients during isokinetic upper-body strength assessment. METHODS: Thirteen male subjects performed a maximal isokinetic elbow flexion test and test-retest separated by 5 to 7 days. Three normalization coefficients were extracted from the tests: 1) mean value of the rectified SEMG signal (MeanTask); 2) peak value of the rectified SEMG signal (PeakTask); 3) maximal value of the rectified SEMG signal of the peak torque repetition (Isokinetic-specMVC). These normalization coefficients, as well as the root mean square value (RMS) of the signal before and after normalization by described coefficients (RMS-MeanTask; RMS-PeakTask; RMS-Isokinetic-specMVC) were evaluated in terms of absolute and relative reliability. RESULTS: None of the normalization coefficients presented acceptable levels of absolute reliability (bias range in limits of agreement greater than 27%). However MeanTask and Isokinetic-specMVC presented good levels of relative reliability (ICC > 0.80). RMS-MeanTask was the only amplitude parameter that demonstrated satisfactory indices of absolute (bias range lower than 5% and CV 0.80) reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Normalizing SEMG amplitude by MeanTask is a reasonable strategy to reduce day-to-day amplitude discrepancies during isokinetic upper-body strength assessment.
Observations of CO circumstellar absorption in the 4. 6 Micron spectrum of alpha Orionis

First observations of circumstellar absorption lines of the 1--0 vibration rotation band of CO in the 4.6 . mu.m spectrum of the M supergiant . cap alpha. Orionis are reported. We are able to distinguish components at the two distinct radial velocities observed in the K I lambda7699 line and derive rotational temperatures of 200 (+50, -10) K and 70 ( +- 10) K and /sup 12/C/sup 16/O column densities of 4.7 x 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/ and 1.2 x 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -2/ for the components expanding at 11 km s/sup -1/, respectively. Weak /sup 13/C/sup 16/O features are positively identified in the lower-velocity component, tentatively in the higher, confirming the photospheric origin of the expanding matter. We find /sup 12/C//sup 13/Capprox. =6 in both components.
Parametric Estimation of a Boolean Segment Process with Stochastic Restoration Estimation

Abstract We propose a stochastic restoration estimation (SRE) algorithm to estimate the parameters of the length distribution of a boolean segment process. A boolean segment process is a stochastic process obtained by considering the union of independent random segments attached to random points independently scattered on the plane. Each iteration of the SRE algorithm has two steps: first, censored segments are restored; second, based on these restored data, parameter estimations are updated. With a usually straightforward implementation, this algorithm is particularly interesting when censoring effects are difficult to take into account. We illustrate this method in two situations where the parameter of interest is either the mean of the segment length distribution or the variance of its logarithm. Its application to vine shoot length distribution estimation is presented.
Statistical Inference of Adaptive Designs with Binary Responses

Adaptive designs of clinical trials are ethical alternatives when the traditional randomization becomes ethically infeasible in desperate medical situations. However, such a design creates a dependency among trial data and its statistical analysis becomes more complex than the analysis for traditional randomized clinical trials. In this article, we examine adaptive designs with dichotomous responses from two treatments and extend some commonly used statistical methods for independent data. Under a regularity condition, the estimated odds ratio and its logarithm are shown to follow asymptotically normal distributions. Moreover, the ordinary goodness-of-fit test statistic for two-by-two contingency tables with dependent data is shown to be asymptotically chi-square distributed. We also discuss the consistency of maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters for a wide class of adaptive designs.
Induced‐frequency shift of copropagating ultrafast optical pulses

The combined effects of cross‐phase modulation and pulse walk‐off on copropagating optical pulses are investigated. It is shown that ultrafast pulses which overlap in a nonlinear dispersive medium undergo a substantial shift of their carrier frequencies. This new coherent phenomenon of induced‐frequency shift has been demonstrated using strong infrared picosecond pulses which shift the frequency of weak green picosecond pulses propagating in a 1‐m‐long single‐mode optical fiber.
A 3mm multipixel SIS receiver for IRAM 30-m Pico Veleta Telescope

A 3mm band focal plane array heterodyne receiver is being developed for Nasmyth focus of the IRAM 30-m Pico Veleta Radio Telescope located in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, south of Spain. This receiver will comprise 25 dual linear polarization pixels operating across the 80-116GHz nominal band. Design efforts are being made to enlarge the band to cover the full 3mm atmospheric transmission window available at Pico Veleta, i.e. 72-116GHz. The instrument will be coupled to the Pico Veleta Telescope via a purely reflective low-loss optical system that includes a de-rotator. The receiver will be based on 5 x 5 cryogenically cooled dual-linear polarized feed horns cascaded with Ortho Mode Transducers (OMT) and side band separating SIS mixers, a technology which offers state-of-the-art performances for millimeter and sub-millimeter receivers.
The Zeeman Effect on Lines in the (1,0) Band of the F4Δ-X4Δ Transition of the FeH Radical

We report measurements of the magnetic tuning and broadening of single rotational lines in the (1,0) band of the F4Δ-X4Δ transition of FeH. Since the Zeeman effect of FeH in the lowest rotational levels of the ground X4Δ state has been measured previously, the present measurements provide information on g-factors for two upper state rotational levels. The Zeeman splitting in the Q(7/2) line of the (1,0) band of the F4Δ7/2-X4Δ7/2 transition was successfully modeled using a phenomenological approach. The observation of Zeeman broadening in the corresponding R(7/2) line has also made it possible to extract an approximate g-factor for the J = 9/2 level of the F4Δ7/2(v = 1) vibronic state. The g-factors determined have been used to predict spectral patterns for numerous rotational lines in the F4Δ7/2-X4Δ7/2 system; these are compared with observed features in the sunspot umbral spectrum.
A Simple Method for Generating Correlated Binary Variates

Abstract Correlated binary data are frequently analyzed in studies of repeated measurements, reliability analysis, and others. In such studies correlations among binary variables are usually nonnegative. This article provides a simple algorithm for generating an arbitrary dimensional random vector of non-negatively correlated binary variables. In some frequently encountered situations the algorithm reduces to explicit expressions. The correlated binary variables are generated from correlated Poisson variables. The key idea lies in the property that any Poisson random variable can be expressed as a convolution of other independent Poisson random variables. The binary variables have desired correlations by sharing common independent Poisson variables.
Optoelectronic measurement of picosecond turn‐on delay in InGaAsP laser diodes

A tandem photoconductive switch, producing nearly rectangular electrical pulses with variable duration from 25 ps to 1 ns, was used for accurate turn‐on delay measurements of a laser diode. Maximum electrical pulse amplitude was 75 V and both rise and fall times were 15 ps. The shortest delay recorded was 60 ps. The carrier lifetime at the lasing threshold was found to be 3.89 ns.
Closing the Creator-Consumer Gap in XAI: A Call for Participatory XAI Design with End-users

Despite the proliferation of explainable AI (XAI) methods, little is understood about end-users’ explainability needs and perceptions of XAI explanations. To address this gap, we interviewed 20 end-users of a real-world AI application, the Merlin app for bird identification, and found that participants’ AI background and domain interest play a critical role in shaping their XAI needs and perceptions. Further, participants exposed gaps in existing methods and offered valuable solutions. In this position paper, we reflect on our findings and make a call for participatory XAI design with end-users, towards developing methods that serve the needs of diverse end-users and closing the creator-consumer gap in XAI.