Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methods of Annotating and Identifying Metaphors in the Field of Natural Language Processing

Metaphors are an integral and important part of human communication and greatly impact the way our thinking is formed and how we understand the world. The theory of the conceptual metaphor has shifted the focus of research from words to thinking, and also influenced research of the linguistic metaphor, which deals with the issue of how metaphors are expressed in language or speech. With the development of natural language processing over the past few decades, new methods and approaches to metaphor identification have been developed. The aim of the paper is to map the methods of annotating and identifying metaphors in the field of natural language processing and to give a systematic overview of how relevant linguistic theories and natural language processing intersect. The paper provides an outline of cognitive linguistic metaphor theory and an overview of relevant methods of annotating linguistic and conceptual metaphors as well as publicly available datasets. Identification methods are presented chronologically, from early approaches and hand-coded knowledge to statistical methods of machine learning and contemporary methods of using neural networks and contextual word embeddings.
Design of Single-Polarized Single-mode Photonic Crystal Fiber Without Air Holes in the Cladding

This study proposes a novel single-polarized single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) without air holes in the cladding, and the silicon nitride holes and air holes in the core of the PCF are staggered. Based on the full vector finite element method, the birefringence characteristics with different hole sizes have been discussed in detail, and a SPSM-PCF is achieved through optimizing the core structure. Moreover, the extinction ratio, effective refractive index, dispersion, confinement loss and nonlinearity of the PCF are analyzed. Simulation results show that the PCF can obtain a high birefringence value of 2.142 × 10−3 , a large negative dispersion of −2750 ps/(nm · km), a low confinement loss of 1.57 × 10−7dB/m and a high nonlinear coefficient of 90.5W−1 · km−1 at the wavelength of 1.55 μm. In this paper, the proposed structure has the properties of high birefringence and high negative dispersion, which can be used in fiber laser, optical fiber sensing, dispersion compensation and other fields.
SDPNet: A Novel DeepLearning Method for Ocean Surface Current Prediction

Ocean surface currents (OSC), abiotic features of the environment, are continuous and directed movements of ocean water. Prediction to OSC is of significant interests in physical oceanography. Recently, deep learning technology has shown feasibility in mining the intrinsic change pattern of marine numerical values, such as SSS, SST and SSHA, but not been applied to OSC prediction yet. In this work, a deep learning method, named skipped dual path network (SDPNet), is proposed for OSC prediction. Specifically, SDPNet has a convolutional neural network (CNN) module with a one-dimensional convolution layer, and a recurrent neural network (RNN) module with a dual-path structure. Each path consists of a stack of three layers of long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU), respectively. As well, a skipped-connection structure is added in the both paths. It aims to gradually mine the intrinsic change pattern contained in OSC time series data itself. Experiments are conducted on the South China Sea OSC data set in REDOS. SDPNet achieves accuracy 80.83%, 75.9%, 74.9%, 73.9%, 72.58%, 70.35%, 69.93% in predicting the coming 7 days OSC values and directions. It performs better than state-of-the-art machine learning methods, include Artificial Neural Network, Simple RNN, LSTM and GRU.
Preliminary validation for an eddy-resolving Global Ocean Forecasting System –NMEFC-NEMO

This paper details the dynamical framework of the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Centre high-resolution global numerical ocean forecasting system (hereinafter referred to as NMEFC-NEMO) and provides a preliminary assessment of its simulation capability in the ocean climatic state. NMEFC-NEMO is developed based on the NEMO version 3.6 and the LIM version 3, and the Local Error Subspace Transform Kalman Filter (LESTKF) ensemble assimilation method is used. The preliminary climatic state assessment shows that the model can reproduce the temperature, salinity and current structure in the observational and reanalysis well, and the results of sea surface temperature and sea surface salinity are 0.05°C and 0.29 PSU colder and saltier, respectively, compared to WOA09. The difference of standard deviation for sea surface height is 0.027 compared to AVISO. We also find that the global mean salinity and kinetic energy of the NMEFC-NEMO are slightly larger in the upper layer relative to the other dataset, which could related to the model parameters setting or insufficient dynamic adjustment.
Searching in H i for Massive Low Surface Brightness Galaxies: Samples from HyperLeda and the UGC

A search has been made for 21 cm H i line emission in a total of 350 unique galaxies from two samples whose optical properties indicate they may be massive. The first consists of 241 low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies of morphological type Sb and later selected from the HyperLeda database and the second consists of 119 LSB galaxies from the UGC with morphological types Sd-m and later. Of the 350 unique galaxies, 239 were observed at the Nançay Radio Telescope, 161 at the Green Bank Telescope, and 66 at the Arecibo telescope. A total of 295 (84.3%) were detected, of which 253 (72.3%) appear to be uncontaminated by any other galaxies within the telescope beam. Finally, of the total detected, uncontaminated galaxies, at least 31 appear to be massive LSB galaxies, with a total H i mass ≥ 1010 M ⊙, for H 0 = 70 kms−1 Mpc−1. If we expand the definition to also include galaxies with significant total (rather than just gas) mass, i.e., those with an inclination-corrected H i line width W 50,cor > 500 km s−1, this brings the total number of massive LSB galaxies to 41. There are no obvious trends between the various measured global galaxy properties, particularly between mean surface brightness and galaxy mass.
Development of the Operational Oceanography Forecasting System in the Northwest Pacific

An operational oceanography forecasting system is established on the base of ROMS and data assimilation method to provide operational predictions and maritime safety applications for the Northwest Pacific. After 10 years spun up through integration, the system reaches a stable field of annual circulation. The model was then integrated from 1990 to 2012 to obtain the assimilation background. After the evaluation of observation data, the ocean forecasting system has been put into operation since 2013 and has been updated for several times. Through the validation of 2018, the system can accurately simulate the main marine environmental characteristics of the northwest pacific. The system can provide high-resolution marine environment fields for red tide, green tide drift and diffusion, oil spill, marine fishery, marine resources development, marine search and rescue, etc.
Application of Hydro-morphodynamic Modelling in Coastal Salt Marsh Management

Salt marshes are widespread in estuarine coastal areas and are one of the most productive natural ecosystems in the world. More importantly, the role of salt marshes in coastal protection is of increasing interest, as salt marshes significantly reduce wave height and stabilize substrates. However, the application of hydrodynamic models for coastal salt marsh management is still uncommon. In this study, TELEMAC is used to set up a hydro-morphodynamic model to simulate the dynamic process in the study area. After that, the influence of hydrodynamic stress on the salt marshes under natural conditions was analysed and the feasibility of applying artificial structures to restore salt marshes was discussed. Finally, the long-term evolution of salt marsh platform is modelled. The results show that salt marsh vegetation is strongly influenced by coastal dynamics. The artificial restoration measures such as submerged dikes have the potential to restore or rehabilitate salt marshes by attenuating the currents on tidal flats. The long-term marsh evolution contains both platform raising and channel incision, which forms the unique landscape of tidal salt marsh. The research results of the study can provide theoretical support for the management and restoration of coastal salt marsh wetlands and contribute to disaster prevention and mitigation in the coastal areas.
The Effect of Storm Surge on Three-dimensional Tidal Current Characteristics: A Case Study of “Lekima”

This study simulated the process of storm surge in the Eastern China Sea (ECS) during typhoon Lekima, based on the MIKE3 wind-surge model driven by the reconstructed typhoon wind field, which was calculated by the Holland empirical formula. The results show that, affected by shoreline and topography, the storm surge in the Hangzhou Bay and the Taizhou Bay can be more than 3.0 m during typhoon Lekima. During the typhoon, the maximum storm surge on the right side of the track was relatively larger than that on the left side, especially along the coast. And the value of maximum current speed was more than 2.5 m/s, which can be obtained in the coast of Zhejiang. The storm current speed at stations presented logarithmic distribution along the depth generally, either the astronomical tide or storm tide. The vertical structure of current velocity responded to typhoon Lekima presented obvious layered distribution. The value of current speed inner the layers was more than that in the side of the layer.
Comparison of molecular methods for Bartonella henselae detection in blood donors

The Bartonella genus consists of neglected pathogens associated with potentially transfusional-transmitted and fatal human diseases. We aimed to evaluate Bartonella sp. prevalence in 500 blood donors and compare the results with the data already published about these samples. We used molecular diagnostic methods to detect Bartonella sp. -DNA from blood and liquid culture samples: (A) conventional PCR for two gene regions, the ITS targeting the genus Bartonella and the specific gltA Bartonella henselae; (B) nested PCR for the ftsZ gene and (C) qualitative real-time PCR for the gltA gene, both B. henselae specific. We obtained 30/500 (6%) DNA detections from the blood samples; 77/500 (15.4%) DNA detections from liquid culture samples and five (1%) samples had DNA detection from both. In total, we detected B. henselae DNA from 102/500 (20.4%) donors. The samples used in this study had already been submitted for Bartonella sp. -DNA detection using only a conventional PCR in liquid culture. Sixteen samples (3.2%) were positive previously, and from these 16 samples, 13 were negative in the new investigation. We concluded that the use of liquid culture combined with different molecular tests increases the possibility of detecting Bartonella sp. -DNA, but the tests do not avoid false-negative results. More than a fifth of blood donors had at least one PCR that detected Bartonella sp. -DNA among the eight molecular reactions performed now (four reactions in whole blood and four in liquid culture). Seven percent had B. henselae-DNA detection for two or more distinct regions. Considering the results obtained previously, the DNA of Bartonella spp. was detected or the agent isolated in 23% of analyzed blood donors. The results establish that the low bacteremia and the fastidious characteristics of the bacterium are challenges to laboratory diagnosis and can make it difficult to confirm the infection in patients with bartonelloses.
A trial-based cost-utility analysis of sugemalimab vs. placebo as consolidation therapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC in China

Objective The effectiveness of sugemalimab vs. placebo in post-chemoradiotherapy patients with locally advanced, unresectable stage III NSCLC has been demonstrated and approved by China National Medical Products Administration. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of sugemalimab vs. placebo for consolidation treatment of stage III NSCLC from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. Methods A 3-state Markov model with a 3-week cycle length was performed to appraise the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of sugemalimab consolidation therapy based on the GEMSTONE-301 clinical trial over a 10-year time horizon. Only direct medical costs, including costs of drug (maintenance and subsequent treatment), routine follow-up, best supportive care, and terminal care in end of life were considered in this model. Costs and health utilities were obtained from local databases and published articles. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were adopted to evaluate the model uncertainty. Internal and external data sources were used to justify the plausibility of the extrapolated portion of the survival model chosen. Results In comparison with the placebo, sugemalimab consolidation therapy was not cost-effective as it yielded an ICUR value of $90,277 and $49,692 for the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) and the sequential chemoradiotherapy (sCRT) population at the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $37,663/QALYs, respectively. When taking the sugemalimab patient assistance program (PAP) into consideration, sugemalimab consolidation therapy was cost-effective with an ICUR dramatic decreases below the WTP. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that the ICUR was most sensitive to the discount rate and subsequent treatment. However, none of the sensitive parameters could affect the cost-effective conclusions without or with PAP. Scenario analyses revealed that the model was particularly affected by assumptions regarding discount in sugemalimab, time horizon, mean duration of sugemalimab maintenance treatment. Conclusions From the perspective of Chinese healthcare system, sugemalimab consolidation therapy was not a cost-effective strategy in cCRT and sCRT patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC. Given that the sugemalimab PAP was available, sugemalimab consolidation therapy became a cost-effective option.
Analysis the Statistical Parameters of the Wavelet Coefficients for Image Denoising

Image denoising is aimed at the removal of noise which may corrupt an image during its acquisition or transmission. De-noising of the corrupted image by Gaussian noise using wavelet transform is very effective way because of its ability to capture the energy of a signal in few larger values. This paper proposes a threshold selection method for image de-noising based on the statistical parameters which depended on sub-band data. The threshold value is computed based on the number of coefficients in each scale j of wavelet decomposition and the noise variance in various sub-band. Experimental results in PSNR on several test images are compared for different de-noise techniques.
Comparative genomics uncovered differences between clinical and environmental populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in New Zealand

Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been identified as an emerging human pathogen worldwide with cases undergoing a global expansion over recent decades in phase with climate change. New Zealand had remained free of outbreaks until 2019, but different outbreaks have been reported consecutively since then. To provide new insights into the recent emergence of cases associated with outbreak clones over recent years, a comparative genomic study was carried out using a selection of clinical (mostly outbreak) and environmental isolates of V. parahaemolyticus obtained in New Zealand between 1973 and 2021. Among 151 isolates of clinical (n=60) and environmental (n=91) origin, 47 sequence types (STs) were identified, including 31 novel STs. The population of environmental isolates generated 30 novel STs, whereas only 1 novel ST (ST2658) was identified among the population of clinical isolates. The novel clinical ST was a single-locus variant of the pandemic ST36 strain, indicating further evolution of this pandemic strain. The environmental isolates exhibited a significant genetic heterogeneity compared to the clinical isolates. The whole-genome phylogeny separated the population of clinical isolates from their environmental counterparts, clearly indicating their distant genetic relatedness. In addition to differences in ancestral profiles and genetic relatedness, these two groups of isolates exhibited a profound difference in their virulence profiles. While the entire population of clinical isolates harboured the thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) and/or the thermostable-related haemolysin (trh), only a few isolates of environmental origin possessed the same virulence genes. In contrast to tdh and trh, adhesin-encoding genes, vpadF and MSHA, showed a significantly (P<0.001) greater association with the environmental isolates compared to the clinical isolates. The effectors, VopQ, VPA0450 and VopS, which belong to T3SS1, were ubiquitous, being present in each isolate regardless of its origin. The effectors VopC and VopA, which belong to T3SS2, were rarely detected in any of the examined isolates. Our data indicate that the clinical and environmental isolates of V. parahaemolyticus from New Zealand differ in their population structures, ancestral profiles, genetic relatedness and virulence profiles. In addition, we identified numerous unique non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in adhesins and effectors, exclusively associated with the clinical isolates tested, which may suggest a possible role of these mutations in the overall virulence of the clinical isolates.
Lifelong Dual Generative Adversarial Nets Learning in Tandem

Continually capturing novel concepts without forgetting is one of the most critical functions sought for in artificial intelligence systems. However, even the most advanced deep learning networks are prone to quickly forgetting previously learned knowledge after training with new data. The proposed lifelong dual generative adversarial networks (LD-GANs) consist of two generative adversarial networks (GANs), namely, a Teacher and an Assistant teaching each other in tandem while successively learning a series of tasks. A single discriminator is used to decide the realism of generated images by the dual GANs. A new training algorithm, called the lifelong self knowledge distillation (LSKD) is proposed for training the LD-GAN while learning each new task during lifelong learning (LLL). LSKD enables the transfer of knowledge from one more knowledgeable player to the other jointly with learning the information from a newly given dataset, within an adversarial playing game setting. In contrast to other LLL models, LD-GANs are memory efficient and does not require freezing any parameters after learning each given task. Furthermore, we extend the LD-GANs to being the Teacher module in a Teacher–Student network for assimilating data representations across several domains during LLL. Experimental results indicate a better performance for the proposed framework in unsupervised lifelong representation learning when compared to other methods.
The significance of endoscopic Kyoto classification of gastritis in the gastric cancer risk assessment: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Background: Kyoto Classification of Gastritis is a newly proposed gastric cancer risk assessment in recent years. It selects important gastroscopic manifestations that have been reported and calculates score values. Although it has been extensively employed in clinical practice, there is no thorough review or systematic summary of its usage. Methods: We looked for works published before May 2022 on the correlation between the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis and gastric cancer (GC) risk in Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Wanfang database, and other suitable sources. Statistical analysis was carried out using Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.40. Two statistical methods were employed. Results: Eight case-control studies involving 6927 patients (continuous variables group: 1961 patients; dichotomy variables group: 4966 patients) were included, and the meta-analysis results showed a significant association between Kyoto Classification of Gastritis and GC. A Kyoto classification score ≥ 4 might indicate a risk of GC (odds ratios 7.30; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 3.62–14.72; P < .00001. There was a significant difference between gastritis and GC scores (mean difference [MD] 0.86; 95% CI 0.73–0.99; P < .00001). Moreover, we found that intestinal metaplasia and atrophy highly affected the Kyoto Classification score (MD = 0.35, MD = 0.72 95% CI 0.20–0.50,0.56–0.88). However, there was considerable heterogeneity in both statistical analyses. We found the source of heterogeneity in the first analysis method but failed to find it in the second analysis method, which may be due to the small number of studies. Conclusions: The Kyoto Classification of gastritis score is crucial for detecting early stomach cancer. A score >4 suggests a significant risk for gastric cancer, with atrophy and intestinal metaplasia having the most impact. This score may be promoted at primary hospitals; however, because of the small number and quality of included studies, the results mentioned above need to be verified by randomized control trials with large samples and high-quality methods.
Complete pathological response of hormone receptor positive invasive breast cancer in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with ixazomib

Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer characterized by relapse after treatment and poor prognosis. Ixazomib, a second-generation protease inhibitor, is one of the most recently available treatments for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, while it has also shown good potential as antitumoral agent in preclinical solid tumor models such as breast cancer cell lines. Here we report the case of a 68-year-old female with multiple myeloma and an incidental cT1b (9 mm) hormone receptor positive breast cancer lesion that showed a complete pathological response to a three-month combination therapy with Ixazomib, bendamustine and dexamethasone and no signs of disease relapse during the later follow-up. This is the first case report describing such clinical outcome in breast cancer following Ixazomib, bendamustine and dexamethasone combination therapy. To investigate the potential antitumoral activity of Ixazomib in breast cancer, we performed in vitro experiments using two hormone receptor positive breast cancer cell lines. We assessed the synergism between Ixazomib and bendamustine and the antiproliferative effect of Ixazomib. We found no synergistic interaction between the two drugs, while Ixazomib alone showed an antiproliferative effect against tumoral cells, suggesting that this drug has been responsible for tumor regression in our case.
Diagnostic accuracy of water‐soluble contrast enema, contrast‐enema computed tomography and endoscopy in detecting anastomotic leakage after (Colo) proctectomy: A meta‐analysis

Anastomotic leakage (AL) as a result of creation of a colorectal/anal anastomosis still represents a frequent complication of colorectal surgery, with short‐ and long‐term consequences on postoperative morbidity, quality of life and oncological outcomes. However, early diagnosis of AL may result in improved outcomes. The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of water‐soluble contrast enema (WSCE), contrast enema computed tomography (CECT) and endoscopy in identifying AL and to identify the diagnostic procedure that is most accurate.