Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism: Past, present and future

Summary Patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), i.e. those with shock or hypotension at presentation, are at high risk of in-hospital death, particularly during the first hours after admission. A meta-analysis of trials which included haemodynamically compromised patients indicated that thrombolytic treatment significantly reduces the rate of inhospital death or PE recurrence. Therefore, thrombolysis should be administered to patients with high-risk PE unless there are absolute contraindications to its use. Uncontrolled data further suggest that thrombolysis may be a safe and effective alternative to surgery in patients with PE and free-floating thrombi in the right heart. On the other hand, normotensive patients generally have a favourable short-term prognosis if heparin anticoagulation is instituted promptly, and they are thus considered to have non-high-risk PE. Generally, the bleeding risk of thrombolysis appears to outweigh the clinical benefits of this treatment in patients without haemodynamic compromise. However, within the group of normotensive patients with PE, some may have evidence of right ventricular dysfunction on echocardiography or computed tomography, or of myocardial injury based on elevated cardiac biomarkers (troponin I or T, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein). These patients have an intermediate risk of an adverse outcome in the acute phase of PE. Existing data suggest that selected patients with intermediate-risk PE may benefit from early thrombolytic treatment, particularly if they have a low bleeding risk. However, controversy will continue to surround the optimal treatment for this group until the results of a large ongoing thrombolysis trial are available in a few years.
Metabolic adaptation recorded during one lactation does not allow predicting longevity in dairy cows.

INTRODUCTION Metabolic and health disorders account distinctly for culling in dairy cows. This study investigated if metabolic status obtained once in life during a negative energy balance in early lactation allows to predict age and lifetime performance animals achieved at culling. Metabolically stressed cows entering at least their 3rd lactation (n = 200, parity: 5.0 ± 2.1, mean ± SD) were selected from a field study conducted in Switzerland. Age of cows at culling ranged from 4.7 to 20.2 years with parities from 3 to 17. From cows with known reasons of culling, 28.4% were culled because of fertility, 16.4% due to udder health, 15.5% due to high age and 10.4% because of claw health/lameness. A retrospective classification of the one-time recorded metabolic adaptation in week 4 post partum did not differ between animals of different parities at culling. Furthermore, there was no relationship neither between the metabolic adaptation recorded in a preceding lactation and the number of lactations achieved, nor to the lifetime milk production. Contrary to the wide spread assumptions, an inadequate adaptation due to a high metabolic load in early lactation may not result in an earlier culling of dairy cows, although they are more prone to metabolic disorders.
Understanding the Behavior of Co-training

Recently there has been signi cant interest in supervised learning algorithms that combine labeled and unlabeled data for text learning tasks. The co-training setting (Blum & Mitchell, 1998) applies to datasets that have a natural separation of their features into two disjoint sets. We demonstrate that when learning from labeled and unlabeled data, algorithms explicitly leveraging a natural independent split of the features outperform algorithms that do not. When a natural split does not exist, co-training algorithms that manufacture a feature split may out-perform algorithms not using a split. These results help explain why co-training algorithms are both discriminative in nature and robust to the assumptions of their embedded classi ers.
Critical Realism: An Introduction to Roy Bhaskar's Philosophy

This text offers a user's guide to the philosophical work of Roy Bhaskar. The author expounds the main concepts of Bhaskar's work and defends his theory of knowledge. Part One deals with the philosophy of experimental science and discusses the stratification of nature, showing how biological structures are founded on chemical ones, yet are not reducible to them. Part Two discusses the human sciences, exploring Bhaskar's understanding of the human world and the ways in which it is studied in ethics, politics, economics, psychoanalysis and linguistics. His concept of an "explanatory critique" (an explanation that is also a criticism, not in addition to, but by virtue of, its explanatory work) is discussed at length as a key concept for ethics and politics. Collier concludes by looking at the uses to which critical realism has been put in clarifying disputes within the human sciences, with particular reference to linguistics, psychoanalysis, economics and politics.
Domain Ontology Usage Analysis Framework

The Semantic Web (also known as Web of Data) is growing fast and becoming a decentralized knowledge platform for publishing and sharing information. The web ontologies promote the establishment of a shared understanding between data providers and data consumers, allowing for automated information processing and effective and efficient information retrieval. The majority of existing research efforts is focused around ontology engineering, ontology evaluation and ontology evolution. This work goes a step further and evaluates the ontology usage. In this paper, we present an Ontology USage Analysis Framework (OUSAF) and a set of metrics used to measure the ontology usage. The implementation of the proposed framework is illustrated using the example of Good Relations ontology (GRO). GRO has been well adopted by the semantic ecommerce community, and the OUSAF approach has been used to analyse GRO usage in the dataset comprised of RDF data collected from the web.
Frame Semantics in NLP A Workshop in Honor of Chuck Fillmore

Prof. Charles J. Fillmore had a lifelong interest in lexical semantics, and this culminated in the latter part of his life in a major research project, the FrameNet Project at the International Computer Science Institute in Berkeley, California (http://framenet. icsi.berkeley.edu). This paper reports on the background of this ongoing project, its connections to Fillmore’s other research interests, and briefly outlines applications and current directions of growth for FrameNet, including FrameNets in languages other than English.
EncephalomyelitisMice Resistant to Autoimmune Immunoregulatory Phenotype and Renders Kv1.3 Deletion Biases T Cells toward an

Increasing evidence suggests ion channels have critical functions in the differentiation and plasticityof T cells. Kv1.3, avoltage-gated K + channel, is a functional marker and a pharmacological target for activated effector memory T cells. Selective Kv1.3 blockers have been shown to inhibit proliferation and cytokine production by human and rat effector memory T cells. We used Kv1.3 knockout (KO) mice to investigate the mechanism by which Kv1.3 blockade affects CD4 + T cell differentiation during an inﬂammatory immune-mediated disease. Kv1.3 KO animals displayed signiﬁcantly lower incidence and severity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Kv1.3 was the only K V channel expressed in MOG 35–55-speciﬁc CD4 + T cell blasts, and no K V current was present in MOG-speciﬁc CD4 + T cell-blasts from Kv1.3 KO mice. Fewer CD4 + T cells migrated to the CNS in Kv1.3 KO mice following disease induction, and Ag-speciﬁc proliferation of CD4 + T cells from these mice was impaired with a corresponding cell-cycle delay. Kv1.3 was required for optimal expression of IFN- g and IL-17, whereas its absence led to increased IL-10 production. Dendritic cells from Kv1.3 KO mice fully activated wild-type CD4 + T cells, indicating a T cell-intrinsic defect in Kv1.3 KO mice. The loss of Kv1.3 led to a suppressive phenotype, which may contribute to the mechanism by which deletion of Kv1.3 produces an immunotherapeutic effect. Skewing of this important potassium channel. Our data demonstrate that Kv1.3 plays an important role in Ag-speciﬁc activation of CD4 + T cells during the course of EAE and show that this is due, at least in part, to intrinsic defects in the T cells themselves. Moreover, we provide the ﬁrst evidence, to our knowledge, that deletion of Kv1.3 can affect the differentiation of CD4 + T cells, resulting in the development of CD4 + T cells with regulatory properties. These results indicate that speciﬁc and effective blockade of Kv1.3 could be beneﬁcial for the treatment of inﬂammatory immune-mediated diseases such as MS.
Cooperative heterogeneous framework for spectrum harvesting in cognitive cellular network

With the proliferation of mobile devices and emerging data-hungry applications, mobile data has been increasing dramatically. To accommodate massive mobile data, the cellular network has been straining to meet the need due to the scarcity of spectrum. As a promising technology, cognitive radio can be leveraged by the cellular network to harvest spectrum holes on demand. By employing cognitive radio, the cellular network becomes a cognitive cellular network. In this article, we first provide an overview of the cognitive cellular network, including the network architecture and main applications. Then existing spectrum harvesting approaches are reviewed, and the limitations are identified. To better explore spectrum access opportunities, three types of cooperation-based approaches are introduced for different scenarios, based on which an integrated cooperative framework is devised to fully harvest spectrum holes. Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed cooperative approaches.
Frontiers of DRM Knowledge and Technology

digital world digital information can be copied and distributed with ease and little expense. While this makes life easier for law-abiding citizens, it also facilitates misuse, mass piracy and the violation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) causing revenue loss to many rights holders. Consumers are also concerned about their privacy, and therefore experience a need to be able to have control over their own personal information, including the manner of its acquisition and the use to which it is put. In the future world of ambient intelligence, digital content will be ubiquitous and people will interact with it in all areas of their lives, a situation that presents new challenges in the area of Digital Rights Management (DRM). There are many techniques that can be used by a DRM system to curtail infringements of IPR. Each one has its strengths and weaknesses, which must be weighed against each other along with the cost of acquiring, integrating and maintaining them. This paper likewise gives an overview of the frontiers of DRM knowledge and technology in the form of a brief survey. On the basis of this review of the present state of the art and activities in the field of DRM, the paper also charts trends and predicts developments.
Effects of prenatal micronutrient and early food supplementation on maternal hemoglobin, birth weight, and infant mortality among children in Bangladesh: the MINIMat randomized trial.

CONTEXT Nutritional insult in fetal life and small size at birth are common in low-income countries and are associated with serious health consequences. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation (MMS) and an early invitation to food supplementation would increase maternal hemoglobin level and birth weight and decrease infant mortality, and to assess whether a combination of these interventions would further enhance these outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized trial with a factorial design in Matlab, Bangladesh, of 4436 pregnant women, recruited between November 11, 2001, and October 30, 2003, with follow-up until June 23, 2009. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized into 6 groups; a double-masked supplementation with capsules of 30 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid, 60 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid, or MMS containing a daily allowance of 15 micronutrients, including 30 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid, was combined with food supplementation (608 kcal 6 days per week) randomized to either early invitation (9 weeks' gestation) or usual invitation (20 weeks' gestation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal hemoglobin level at 30 weeks' gestation, birth weight, and infant mortality. Under 5-year mortality was also assessed. RESULTS Adjusted maternal hemoglobin level at 30 weeks' gestation was 115.0 g/L (95% CI, 114.4-115.5 g/L), with no significant differences among micronutrient groups. Mean maternal hemoglobin level was lower in the early vs usual invitation groups (114.5 vs 115.4 g/L; difference, -0.9 g/L; 95% CI, -1.7 to -0.1; P = .04). There were 3625 live births out of 4436 pregnancies. Mean birth weight among 3267 singletons was 2694 g (95% CI, 2680-2708 g), with no significant differences among groups. The early invitation with MMS group had an infant mortality rate of 16.8 per 1000 live births vs 44.1 per 1000 live births for usual invitation with 60 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid (hazard ratio [HR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18-0.78). Early invitation with MMS group had an under 5-year mortality rate of 18 per 1000 live births (54 per 1000 live births for usual invitation with 60 mg of iron and 400 μg of folic acid; HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.65). Usual invitation with MMS group had the highest incidence of spontaneous abortions and the highest infant mortality rate. CONCLUSION Among pregnant women in poor communities in Bangladesh, treatment with multiple micronutrients, including iron and folic acid combined with early food supplementation, vs a standard program that included treatment with iron and folic acid and usual food supplementation, resulted in decreased childhood mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN16581394.
Give Me a Break! Can Strategic Recess Scheduling Increase On-Task Behaviour for First Graders?.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether strategically scheduled recess breaks throughout the school day will increase student on-task behaviours during the time when they work independently. As an intervention for this action research study, recess breaks were given more often but for less time; recess breaks were scheduled before and after academic lessons throughout the whole day. Methodology included observations with checklist and field notes. Results of the study suggest that recess breaks scheduled directly before or after academic lessons positively affect student on-task behaviours.
A K-Means Clustering Algorithm Based on Double Attributes of Objects

The K-means clustering algorithm have played an important role in the data analysis, pattern recognition, image processing, and market research. Classical K-means algorithm randomly selected initial cluster centers, so that the clustering results unstable. In this paper, through deeply study on classical k-means algorithm, we proposed a new K - means algorithm of Clustering based on double attributes of objects. The algorithm is based on the dissimilarity degree matrix which generated by high density set to construct the Huffman tree, and then according to K value to select initial cluster centers points in the Huffman tree, using this method effectively overcomes the defects of classical K-means algorithm for clustering random selection caused the initial cluster centers result unstable defects. In this paper, the new algorithm uses two UCI data sets to validate. The results of experiment show that the new k-means algorithm can choose the initial cluster center of high quality stable, so as to get better clustering results.
Photo-Consistent Reconstruction of Semitransparent Scenes by Density-Sheet Decomposition

This paper considers the problem of reconstructing visually realistic 3D models of dynamic semitransparent scenes, such as fire, from a very small set of simultaneous views (even two). We show that this problem is equivalent to a severely underconstrained computerized tomography problem, for which traditional methods break down. Our approach is based on the observation that every pair of photographs of a semitransparent scene defines a unique density field, called a density sheet, that 1) concentrates all its density on one connected, semitransparent surface, 2) reproduces the two photos exactly, and 3) is the most spatially compact density field that does so. From this observation, we reduce reconstruction to the convex combination of sheet-like density fields, each of which is derived from the density sheet of two input views. We have applied this method specifically to the problem of reconstructing 3D models of fire. Experimental results suggest that this method enables high-quality view synthesis without overfitting artifacts
Discovery of New Ultracool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We report the discovery of five new white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Four are ultracool, exhibiting strong collision-induced absorption (CIA) from molecular hydrogen and are similar in color to the three previously known coolest white dwarfs, SDSS J1337+00, LHS 3250, and LHS 1402. The fifth star shows milder CIA flux suppression and has a color and spectral shape similar to WD 0346+246. All five new white dwarfs are faint (g > 18.9) and have significant proper motions. One of the new ultracool white dwarfs, SDSS J0947, appears to be in a binary system with a slightly warmer (Teff ~ 5000 K) white dwarf companion.
Adventitious roots, leaf abscission and nutrient status of flooded Gmelina and Tectona seedlings.

When flooded, seedlings of Gmelina arborea Roxb. produced more adventitious roots, had lower foliar Mn concentrations and lost fewer leaves than seedlings of Tectona grandis L.f. Severing the adventitious roots produced by flooded Gmelina seedlings increased leaf Mn concentration and leaf abscission and reduced whole-plant dry matter production. Flooded Gmelina cuttings, which do not produce adventitious roots, abscised few leaves until foliar concentrations of Mn and Fe had risen substantially above those of unflooded cuttings, at which time most leaves were shed. The results indicate that the development of adventitious roots in flooded seedlings of Gmelina suppressed uptake of Mn thereby minimizing leaf abscission.
Comparison of Different Adult Stem Cell Types for Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia

Background— A comparative analysis of the efficacy of different cell candidates for the treatment of heart disease remains to be described. This study is designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 4 cell types in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— Bone marrow mononuclear cells (MN), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), skeletal myoblasts (SkMb), and fibroblasts (Fibro) expressing firefly luciferase (Fluc) and green fluorescence protein (GFP) were characterized by flow cytometry, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and luminometry. Female FVB mice (n=70) underwent LAD ligation and intramyocardially received one cell type (5×105) or PBS. Cell survival was measured by BLI and by TaqMan PCR. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic measurements. Fluc expression correlated with cell number in all groups (r2>0.93). In vivo BLI revealed acute donor cell death of MSC, SkMb, and Fibro within 3 weeks after transplantation. By contrast, cardiac signals were still present after 6 weeks in the MN group, as confirmed by TaqMan PCR (P<0.01). Echocardiography showed significant preservation of fractional shortening in the MN group compared to controls (P<0.05). Measurements of left ventricular end-systolic/diastolic volumes revealed that the least amount of ventricular dilatation occurred in the MN group (P<0.05). Histology confirmed the presence of MN, although there was no evidence of transdifferentiation by donor MN into cardiomyocytes. Conclusions— This is the first study to show that compared to MSC, SkMB, and Fibro, MN exhibit a more favorable survival pattern, which translates into a more robust preservation of cardiac function.
Pyruvate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase Is Coupled to Light-independent Hydrogen Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii*

Background: The pathway(s) of light-independent H2 production in green algae are yet unknown. Results: Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase PFR1 and [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase HYDA1 of Chlamydomonas can be coupled for pyruvate-dependent H2 production. Conclusion: H2 production by green algae in the dark is similar to bacterial PFOR-dependent fermentation. Significance: Understanding the fermentation metabolism of green algae allows insights into plastid bioenergetic pathways. In anaerobiosis, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii evolves molecular hydrogen (H2) as one of several fermentation products. H2 is generated mostly by the [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase HYDA1, which uses plant type ferredoxin PETF/FDX1 (PETF) as an electron donor. Dark fermentation of the alga is mainly of the mixed acid type, because formate, ethanol, and acetate are generated by a pyruvate:formate lyase pathway similar to Escherichia coli. However, C. reinhardtii also possesses the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase PFR1, which, like pyruvate:formate lyase and HYDA1, is localized in the chloroplast. PFR1 has long been suggested to be responsible for the low but significant H2 accumulation in the dark because the catalytic mechanism of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase involves the reduction of ferredoxin. With the aim of proving the biochemical feasibility of the postulated reaction, we have heterologously expressed the PFR1 gene in E. coli. Purified recombinant PFR1 is able to transfer electrons from pyruvate to HYDA1, using the ferredoxins PETF and FDX2 as electron carriers. The high reactivity of PFR1 toward oxaloacetate indicates that in vivo, fermentation might also be coupled to an anaerobically active glyoxylate cycle. Our results suggest that C. reinhardtii employs a clostridial type H2 production pathway in the dark, especially because C. reinhardtii PFR1 was also able to allow H2 evolution in reaction mixtures containing Clostridium acetobutylicum 2[4Fe-4S]-ferredoxin and [Fe-Fe]-hydrogenase HYDA.
Research review of development of novel routing algorithms for mobile Ad-hoc networks

Routing in mobile adhoc networks is always an issue of great significance and key focus of researchers from last decade. The design of legacy routing protocols was simpler due to little dependency of applications on routing algorithms. However the large scale inception of mobile devices in market drives application developers to develop many novel applications. The applications require high processing speeds, larger memory, more battery power and high utilization of bandwidth. These applications on one hand created challenges for hardware designers to design fast and efficient processors and other entities and on the other hand challenged network engineers to research newer routing algorithms which satisfy the needs of these applications. In this paper we investigate various routing algorithms proposed for MANETs and the inherent problems which drive the development of these schemes.