Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ieee Transactions on Computer Graphics and Visualization the Effect on Lower Spine Muscle Activation of Walking on a Narrow Beam in Virtual Reality

— To what extent do people behave in immersive virtual environments as they would in similar situations in a physical environment? There are many ways to address this question, ranging from questionnaires, behavioral studies, and the use of physiological measures. Here we compare the onsets of muscle activity using surface electromyography (EMG) while participants were walking under three different conditions: on a normal floor surface, on a narrow ribbon along the floor, and on a narrow platform raised off the floor. The same situation was rendered in an immersive virtual environment (IVE) Cave-like system, and 12 participants did the three types of walking in a counterbalanced within-groups design. The mean number of EMG activity onsets per unit time followed the same pattern in the virtual environment as in the physical environment – significantly higher for walking on the platform compared to walking on the floor. Even though participants knew that they were in fact really walking at floor level in the virtual environment condition, the visual illusion of walking on a raised platform was sufficient to influence their behavior in a measurable way. This opens up the door for this technique to be used in gait and posture related scenarios including rehabilitation.
Stochastic Gene Expression: from Single Molecules to the Proteome This Review Comes from a Themed Issue on Chromosomes and Expression Mechanisms Edited Measuring Noise Mrna Fluctuations

1 Protein production involves a series of stochastic chemical steps. One consequence of this fact is that the copy number of any given protein varies substantially from cell to cell, even within isogenic populations. Recent experiments have measured this variation for thousands of different proteins, revealing a linear relationship between variance and mean level of expression for much of the proteome. This simple relationship is frequently thought to arise from the random production and degradation of mRNAs, but several lines of evidence suggest that infrequent gene activation events also bear responsibility. In support of the latter hypothesis, single-molecule experiments have demonstrated that mRNA transcripts are often produced in large bursts. Moreover, the temporal pattern of these bursts appears to be correlated for chromosomally proximal genes, suggesting the existence of an upstream player. Introduction Within the confines of individual cells, minute changes in the concentration or spatial arrangement of molecular species can produce substantial effects. For example, a transcription factor equally prevalent in two Escherichia coli might be bound to a promoter in one and unbound in another, subject to the dictates of statistical mechanics. Protein production would consequently begin in one cell and not the other, amplifying the fluctuation and propelling each cell to a different fate. Identical genotype and growth environment are thus insufficient to ensure that two cells will develop the same phenotypes, an observation with a long history of investigation (for example, see [1–6]). A major goal of recent research has been to identify and differentiate between the myriad possible origins of this variability, to understand which are important and which are not, and to put firm numbers on each of them. Although biochemical fluctuations influence all stages of gene expression, those involving molecules in extremely low abundance are expected from a statistical standpoint to be larger in magnitude and therefore to contribute disproportionately to the overall variation between cells. Validating this idea has required technological feats, described in part below, that include novel single-molecule assays and genome-wide noise surveys. As a result, a clear picture of which types of noise exist in cells and how they influence biological processes is now emerging. Noise experiments commonly begin with the insertion of a reporter gene (e.g. green fluorescent protein driven by a promoter of interest) into the genome. Cells are then cultured, usually in a swirling flask to provide a uniform environment. Finally, the fluorescence of many individual …
Élites, alternancia y partidos políticos en el Estado de México: entre la pluralidad, la búsqueda del voto y el debilitamiento institucional

Este trabajo analiza las dificultades que enfrentaron las elites partidarias ante el incremento de la competencia de cara a la eleccion por la gubernatura mexiquense. Partiendo de la centralidad de las elites en la democracia competitiva, se revisa la relacion favorable entre desarrollo socioeconomico y alternancia; y se muestra como la alternancia no se alcanza, a pesar de que exista un panorama alentador para el arribo de la oposicion al pri. Se examina el proceso de distanciamiento observado en los partidos politicos ante el incremento de la complejidad politica y sus dificultades para cohesionarse durante las disputas electorales. Por ultimo, se presentan los comportamientos de las elites partidarias locales en la eleccion de 2005 y los efectos de estos en los resultados.
Worked Over: The Corporate Sabotage of an American Community

Worked Over tells the story of the rise and fall of the quality of life in New York State’s Mohawk River Valley. Doukas, an anthropologist, blends her 18-month ethnographic experience with an acute reading of history to tell us how the Remington Arms Company’s business practices help to shape community life. It is a compelling and important read. Unbeknownst to the author, she has begun to answer the recent calls for organization theorists to examine the effects of corporations on society (Stern and Barley, 1996; Perrow, 2000; Hinings and Greenwood, 2002; Margolis and Walsh, 2003; Walsh, Weber, and Margolis, 2003). While she spends some time looking at Remington Arms, her abiding focus is on the people and community life around Ilion, New York. This is the book’s great strength. Organization theorists might be inclined to examine Remington’s changing business fortunes, missing this opportunity to consider how these changes affected the local population.
Source/Drain Formation of Self-Aligned Top-Gate Amorphous GaInZnO Thin-Film Transistors by $\hbox{NH}_{3}$ Plasma Treatment

The source/drain region of amorphous GaInZnO thin-film transistor with self-aligned top-gate structure was defined by simple NH3 plasma treatment instead of complicated processes, such as ion implantation and activation. When the source/drain region of active layer was exposed to NH3 gas plasma, the series resistance of the transistor decreased considerably. It exhibited electrical properties, such as a field-effect mobility of 6 cm2/V middots, a threshold voltage of 0.21 V, and a subthreshold swing of 0.23 V/dec.
Mathematical logic

Alan Turing There is a strong tradition in mathematical logic at Manchester. The first logician at Manchester was Alan Turing, now considered to be the father of artificial intelligence and one of the great visionaries of the twentieth century. Turing was followed at Manchester by his former student, Robin Gandy, who made important contributions to the foundations of proof theory and constructive mathematics. Two of Gandy's students have held chairs in at Manchester, Mike Yates (now retired), and Jeff Paris.
Secondary Pupils’ Experiences of Name-calling Behaviour

Studies carried out in Scandinavia and the UK have identified name-calling as highly problematic for young people. The research described in this paper, conducted by Peer and School Counsellors, examines name-calling behaviour through the personal accounts of first-year pupils in a secondary school. Moving on from anonymous questionnaires, discourse analysis of individual interviews is shown to reveal the dilemma for those most vulnerable. Parental advice and primary school experience affect the repertoire of pupils’ responses adopted, with varying degrees of success, in secondary school.
Comparative Evaluation of Urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2: ERG Scores and Serum PHI in Predicting Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness

It has been suggested that urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion tests and serum PHI correlate to cancer aggressiveness-related pathological criteria at prostatectomy. To evaluate and compare their ability in predicting prostate cancer aggressiveness, PHI and urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG (T2) scores were assessed in 154 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for biopsy-proven prostate cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression and decision curve analyses were performed. All three markers were predictors of a tumor volume ≥0.5 mL. Only PHI predicted Gleason score ≥7. T2 score and PHI were both independent predictors of extracapsular extension (≥pT3), while multifocality was only predicted by PCA3 score. Moreover, when compared to a base model (age, digital rectal examination, serum PSA, and Gleason sum at biopsy), the addition of both PCA3 score and PHI to the base model induced a significant increase (+12%) when predicting tumor volume >0.5 mL. PHI and urinary PCA3 and T2 scores can be considered as complementary predictors of cancer aggressiveness at prostatectomy.
Cremenolide, a new antifungal, 10-member lactone from Trichoderma cremeum with plant growth promotion activity

Abstract Trichoderma based products are considered an alternative to synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. These Trichoderma spp. are among the most studied and applied fungal BCAs in industry and agriculture and are known to secrete several secondary metabolites with different biological activities. The analysis of metabolic profiles (the ‘metabolome’) of Trichoderma species is complex because of the wide range of compounds produced and the molecular activities identified, including the recently determined role in the activation of plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and growth promotion. A new 10-member lactone, but-2-enoic acid 7-acetoxy-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-10-oxo-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-2H-oxecin-5-yl ester, named cremenolide (1), has been isolated from culture filtrates of Trichoderma cremeum. The structure of cremenolide was determined by spectroscopic methods, including UV, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR analyses. In vitro tests showed that the purified compound inhibited the radial mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani, and exerted a significant promotion of growth of tomato seedlings.
What Matters When Explaining Environmentalism at the Watershed Level

This research was conducted in the southeastern United States, one of the most rapidly developing regions in the country. The study included two sets of predictor variables: environmental experiences and perceptions (i.e., observation of pollution and assessment of pollution’s impact) and residential factors (i.e., rural vs. urban residence and upstream vs. downstream watershed location); sociodemographic characteristics served as control variables. Sequential regression was performed on survey data of watershed residents to isolate the predictors of environmentalism. Observation of pollution and assessment of pollution’s impact on water quality were most important for explaining environmental concern, self-reported household-based behaviors, and self-reported likelihood of engaging in water quality improvement efforts. The sociodemographic variables were also significant predictors; the residential variables had limited influence on the dependent variables. These results indicate that stormwater educators should account for experiential factors and perceptions of pollution when designing strategies for encouraging environmentalism.
Design Principles for Online Communities: Lessons from Early Settlements

The key challenges the Internet community will face in the future are not simply technological, but also sociological: the challenges of social interaction and social organization. This is not to diminish the difficulties of creating new technologies, but rather to emphasize that even these tasks will pale besides the problems of facilitating and encouraging successful online interaction and online communities.
Individual and group tracking with the evaluation of social interactions

Tracking groups of people is a challenging problem. Groups may grow or shrink dynamically with merging and splitting of individuals and conventional trackers are not designed to handle such cases. In this study, the authors present a conjoint individual and group tracking (CIGT) framework based on particle filter and online learning. CIGT has four complementary phases: two-phase association, false positive elimination, tracking and learning. First, reliable tracklets are created and detection responses are associated to tracklets in two-phase association. Then, hierarchal false positive elimination is performed for unassociated detection responses. In the tracking phase, CIGT calculates multiple weights from the observation and jointly models individuals and groups. Particle advection is used in the motion model of CIGT to facilitate tracking of dense groups. In the learning phase, the discriminative appearance model, consisting of shape, colour and texture features, is extracted and used in AdaBoost online learning. Using the discriminative learning model, state estimation is performed on both individuals and groups. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed framework compares favourably with other individual and group-tracking methods for both real and synthetic datasets.
Increasing children's lunchtime consumption of fruit and vegetables: an evaluation of the Food Dudes programme

Abstract Objectives Although previous research has shown that the Food Dudes programme increases children's fruit and vegetable consumption at school, there has been limited evaluation of the extent to which changes are maintained in the long term. Furthermore, despite knowledge that the nutritional content of home-supplied meals is lower than that of school-supplied meals, little consideration has been given to the programme's impact on meals provided from home. The present study therefore assessed the long-term effectiveness of the Food Dudes programme for both school- and home-supplied lunches. Design Two cohorts of children participated, one receiving the Food Dudes intervention and a matched control group who did not receive any intervention. Consumption of fruit and vegetables was assessed pre-intervention, then at 3 and 12 months post-intervention. Consumption was measured across five consecutive days in each school using weighed intake (school-provided meals) and digital photography (home-provided meals). Setting Fifteen primary schools, six intervention (n 1282) and seven control schools (n 1151). Subjects Participants were children aged 4–11 years. Results A significant increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables was found at 3 months for children in the intervention schools, but only for those eating school-supplied lunches. However, increases were not maintained at 12 months. Conclusions The Food Dudes programme has a limited effect in producing even short-term changes in children's fruit and vegetable consumption at lunchtime. Further development work is required to ensure the short- and long-term effectiveness of interventions promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in children such as the Food Dudes programme.
Stiripentol – characteristic of a new antiepileptic drug

Background: As 20 – 30% of patients are refractory to the presently available antiepileptic drugs, there is a strong need for the development of newer antiepileptics. Objective: A question arises whether stiripentol fulfills the criteria for a promising newer antiepileptic drug. Methods: A literature search, including experimental and clinical studies, with no time limit was performed. Results/conclusion: Stiripentol represents a group of drugs indirectly enhancing GABA-ergic neurotransmission and it exerts a protective activity in some experimental seizure models, including maximal electroshock (MES)-, pentylenetetrazol-, bicuculline-, strychnine-, and cocaine-induced convulsions. The drug potently inhibits metabolism of other antiepileptic drugs, significantly elevating their plasma and brain concentrations. This requires dosage adjustments of the concomitant antiepileptic drugs used in combination. In the form of an add-on therapy, stiripentol has proved to be effective in partial and atypical absence epilepsies. Considering its particular efficacy against severe myoclonic seizures in infancy (Dravet's syndrome), stiripentol has been awarded an orphan drug status for an adjunctive therapy of this difficult-to-treat condition.
A query processing strategy for the decomposed storage model

Handling parallelism in database systems involves the specification of a storage model, a placement strategy, and a query processing strategy. An important goal is to determine the appropriate combination of these three strategies in order to obtain the best performance advantages. In this paper we present a novel and promising query processing strategy for a decomposed storage model. We discuss some of the qualitative advantages of the scheme. We also compare the performance of the proposed “pivot” strategy with conventional query processing for the n-ary storage model. The comparison is performed using the Wisconsin Benchmarks.
The Simple Location Heuristic is Better at Predicting Students' Changes in Error Rate Over Time Compared to the Simple Temporal Heuristic

In a previous study on a physics dataset from the Andes tutor, we found that the simple location heuristic was better at making error attribution than the simple temporal heuristic when evaluated on the learning curve standard. In this study, we investigated the generality of performance of the simple location heuristic and the simple temporal heuristic in the math domain to see if previous results generalized to other Intelligent Tutoring System domains. In support of past results, we found that the simple location heuristic provided a better goodness of fit to the learning curve standard, that is, it was better at performing error attribution than the simple temporal heuristic. One observation is that for tutors where the knowledge components can be determined by the interface location in which an action appears, using the simple location heuristic is likely to show better results than the simple temporal heuristic. It is possible that the simple temporal heuristic is better in situations where the different problem subgoals can be associated with a single location. However, our prior results with a physics data set indicated that even in such situations the simple location heuristic may be better. Further research should explore this issue.
Adjuvant androgen deprivation for high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: SWOG S9921 study.

PURPOSE Men with high-risk features (extraprostatic extension or high Gleason grade) face a high risk of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Clinical trials of adjuvant systemic therapy for such patients have been limited. PATIENTS AND METHODS The SWOG (Southwest Oncology Group) S9921 study randomly assigned 983 men with high-risk features at prostatectomy to receive adjuvant therapy with androgen deprivation (ADT) alone or in combination with mitoxantrone chemotherapy. ADT consisted of goserelin and bicalutamide for 2 years. RESULTS Although the final primary treatment comparison results are not ready for publication, this article reports results in the ADT-alone control arm with a median follow-up of 4.4 years. For these 481 men, the estimated 5-year biochemical failure-free survival is 92.5% (95% CI, 90 to 95), and 5-year overall survival is 95.9% (95% CI, 93.9 to 97.9). CONCLUSION The results of this trial, taken in context, make a compelling argument for counseling all high-risk patients with prostate cancer about adjuvant ADT. This article discusses the challenges in the design and implementation of clinical trials to take the next step forward in adjuvant therapy for prostate cancer because of the excellent survival achieved with currently available therapies and highlights the need for better molecular markers to personalize care.
Nutritional assessment and fate of dna of soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans using rats

This study was conducted to compare the safety of soybean meal prepared from genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready; RR) soybeans and conventional soybeans. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats (40 males and 40 females) were randomly allotted to one of four groups according to sex and body weight for a 13-week feeding experiment. The rats were fed corn-based diets containing 60% conventional soybean meal, a mixture of 30% conventional and 30% RR soybean meal, 60% or 90% RR soybean meal. All diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level except the 90% RR diet. The two soybean meals were similar in chemical analysis and amino acid composition. During the 13-week growth trial, body weight (P < 0.05) and feed intake (P < 0.05) decreased only in rats fed with 90% RR soybean meal at the first week. No treatment-related deaths occurred during the experiment. Gross necropsy findings, haematological or urinalysis values and clinical serum parameters showed no meaningful differences between rats fed the control and RR soybean meals. A 145 bp of cp4 epsps gene specific for the GM constructs from RR soybean meal or a 407 bp of lec gene from endogenous soybean DNA could not be detected in investigated masseter muscle samples. No adverse effects of glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal on rats were seen even at levels as high as 90% of the diet.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2005 The Technological Construction of Quasi-Markets for Education

A fundamental assumption in this article is that not only the public administration but also semiprivate and private agencies provide electronic intermediaries between public services and citizens in a quasi-market situation. The theoretical framework of this study views markets as constructed in contrast to natural phenomena. In these processes of construction the role of technologies such as the Internet is seen as decisive. This view will be applied to the quasi-market for upper secondary education using empirical experiences from Sweden. Two questions are addressed in the article: (1) How is the choice of education and available alternatives embodied in the electronic intermediaries and what are the accompanying consequences for citizens? (2) In what ways do public, semi-private and private actors take part in the design of electronic intermediaries in quasi-markets for education featuring as an element in quasi-market construction?
Judgeability Concerns: The Interplay of Information, Applicability, and Accountability in the Overattribution Bias

In 3 studies, the authors examined the impact of judgeability concerns in the overattribution bias (OAB; G. A. Quattrone, 1982) by manipulating the presence-absence of a constrained essay, the participants' accountability, and the applicability of the available information. A constrained essay was neither necessary nor sufficient to anchor a judgment. When no essay was circulated, no OAB occurred in the cases of accountability or of inapplicability (Studies 1 and 2). When the essay was provided, however, both accountability and inapplicability were needed to eliminate the OAB (Studies 2 and 3). These findings did not result from conversational rules or demand characteristics. They illustrate that people control the expression of a judgment made under uncertainty; people express the judgment to the extent they feel entitled to do so. The results are discussed in the wider context of current multistage models of the dispositional inference process.