Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopy and Robotics Understanding Cognitive Performance During Robot-Assisted Surgery

a 2015 Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved forming robot-assisted surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an Internal Review Board approved study, National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationTask Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire with surgical field notes were simultaneously completed. A wireless electroencephalography (EEG) headset was used to monitor brain activity during all procedures. Three key portions were evaluated: lysis of adhesions, extended lymph node dissection, and urethro-vesical anastomosis (UVA). Cognitive metrics extracted were distraction, mental workload, and mental state. RESULTS In evaluating lysis of adhesions, mental state (EEG) was associated with better performance (NASA-TLX). Utilizing more mental resources resulted in better performance as self-reported. Outcomes of lysis were highly dependent on cognitive function and decision-making skills. In evaluating extended lymph node dissection, there was a negative correlation between distraction level (EEG) and mental demand, physical demand and effort (NASA-TLX). Similar to lysis of adhesion, utilizing more mental resources resulted in better performance (NASA-TLX). Lastly, with UVA, workload (EEG) negatively correlated with mental and temporal demand and was associated with better performance (NASA-TLX). The EEG recorded workload as seen here was a combination of both cognitive performance (finding solution) and motor workload (execution). Majority of workload was contributed by motor workload of an expert surgeon. During UVA, muscle memory and motor skills of expert are keys to completing the UVA. CONCLUSION Cognitive analysis shows that expert surgeons utilized different mental resources based on their need. UROLOGY 86: 751e757, 2015. 2015 Elsevier Inc.
Additional file 1 for : Characterizing dynamic communication in online eating disorder communities : a multiplex network approach

1 ED-related hashtags We identify ED-related users by searching for users who posted an ED-related hashtag in tweets. The ED-related hashtags are obtained by (i) detecting clusters of hashtags that frequently co-occur in a tweet posted by 3,380 ED users, using a similar method that we used to detect topics of conversations in the main text; (ii) selecting ED-related clusters of tags based on prior evidence from language use in online ED-related content [1, 2, 3]; and (iii) removing generic tags (e.g., “#skinny” and “#food”) from the selected clusters. Ref. [4] for details. We obtain 375 ED-related hashtags in total and Table S1 lists examples of these hashtags.
Voting Processes in Complex Adaptive Systems to Combine Perspectives of Disparate Social Simulations into a Coherent Picture

If computational social science is to find practical application in informing policy decisions and proportionately analyzing courses of action, then it will have to make progress in the area of composition of social models. Since a single simulation cannot hold a world of information, policy makers need to switch in and out modules in federations of simulations to test policies against all possible social environments. Voting processes as they occur in nature, both in the form of cognition in a human mind of disparate world views, and in the form of equilibria seeking coevolution of species, inform how to combine model results externally and deeply, respectively. These algorithms, which use the same principles of soft computation found in nature, enable any models to mesh together, even if they have different ontologies, or their data conflict, regardless of the degree they overlap. A whiteboard architecture in which models report in their own ontologies how other models may inform them and what they have to offer other models, is a framework for the arbitrary meshing of social models.
Unprotected Sex with Injecting Drug Users among Iranian Female Sex Workers: Unhide HIV Risk Study

Purpose. To assess the prevalence and associated factors of unprotected sex with injecting drug users (IDUs) among a sample of female sex workers (FSWs) in Iran. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 144 FSWs who were interviewed as a part of Unhide HIV Risk Study, a national behavioral survey focusing on various high-risk populations, including IDUs, FSWs, and Men who have Sex with Men (MSMs) in 2009. The survey was conducted in eight provinces in Iran using respondent-driven sampling. Participants' sociodemographic status, HIV knowledge, and HIV attitude were analyzed via logistic regression to determine the predictors of unprotected sex with IDU(s) during the past month. Results. Nineteen percent of FSWs reported at least one occasion of unprotected sex with IDU(s) in the month preceding the study. Higher educational level (OR = −0.653, 95%CI = −1.192 to −0.115), perceived HIV risk (OR = −1.047, 95%CI = −2.076 to −0.019), and perceived family intimacy during childhood (OR = −1.104, 95%CI = −1.957 to −0.251) were all independently associated with lower odds of having unprotected sex with IDU(s) in the month preceding the study. Age, marital status, living condition, HIV knowledge, and perceived behavioral control did not affect the odds of FSWs having sex with IDUs. Conclusion. Perceived HIV risk, which is a modifiable factor, seems to be a promising target for harm reduction interventions amongst Iranian female sex workers. Data presented here may aid in reducing or eliminating the role of sex workers as a bridge for HIV transmission from IDUs to the general population in Iran.
Exact overflow asymptotics for queues with many Gaussian inputs

In this paper we consider a queue fed by a large number of independent continuous-time Gaussian processes with stationary increments. After scaling the buffer exceedance threshold and the (constant) service capacity by the number of sources, we present asymptotically exact results for the probability that the buffer threshold is exceeded. We consider both the stationary overflow probability and the (transient) probability of overflow at a finite time horizon. We give detailed results for the practically important cases in which the inputs are fractional Brownian motion processes or integrated Gaussian processes.
Reliability of the Dark Matter Clustering in Cosmological N-Body Simulations on Scales below the Mean Separation Length of Particles

We critically examine the reliability of the dark matter clustering in high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations on scales below the mean separation length of particles. The particle discreteness effect imposes the two fundamental limitations on those scales: the lack of the initial fluctuation power and the finite mass resolution. We address this problem applying the dark halo approach and are able to discuss separately how those two limitations affect the dark matter clustering in N-body simulations at early epochs. We find that limitations of the dark matter clustering are primarily determined by the mass of particles. By a detailed comparison with three major cosmological simulations, we also find that in order to reproduce a proper amplitude of the dark matter clustering on small scales, halos with a characteristic nonlinear mass, MNL(z), defined by σR(MNL; z) = 1, must be resolved in the simulation. This leads to a critical redshift zcrit determined by MNL(zcrit) = nhalompart, where nhalo is the number of particles necessary to resolve the typical nonlinear mass halo (~10). We conclude that, at least as far as the two-point correlation functions are concerned, the dark matter clustering in high-resolution N-body simulations on scales below the mean particle separation is reliable down to the gravitational force resolution length only for z < zcrit, while it is strongly affected by the finite mass resolution for z > zcrit.
The market in the factory: co-ordinating employment and organisational relations in the Italian motor industry

In-house outsourcing, where activities are maintained under the same roof, is a major organizational innovation. This paper conducts in-depth analysis of ‘in-house’ outsourcing strategies at Fiat Auto in Italy. It grasps the complex nature of the implications of such a strategy for the organisation of production and social and industrial relations by providing a rich material for such analysis. The Fiat case shows that the implementation of outsourcing increased the complexity of inter-firm contractual relationships which led to the development of a strategy of co-ordination on both organisational and labour relations matters. Whereas the study illustrates the emergence of four different organisational patterns of outsourcing, employment relations are not affected by diverse paths of market contracts. However, an increase in the complexity of labour relations emerges as the result of the fragmentation of labour which led to ‘active’ union responses.
Patterned linear systems: Rings, chains, and trees

In a first paper we studied system theoretic properties of patterned systems and solved classical control synthesis problems with the added requirement to preserve the system pattern. In this second paper we study canonical patterns: rings, chains, and trees, and we give examples drawn from multiagent systems, cellular chemistry, and control of diffusion processes.
Refinement and Verification of CBC Casper

Decentralised ledgers are a prime application case for consensus protocols. Changing sets of validators have to agree on a set of transactions in an asynchronous network and in the presence of Byzantine behaviour. Major research efforts focus on creating consensus protocols under such conditions, with proof-of-stake (PoS) representing a promising candidate. PoS aims to reduce the waste of energy inherent to proof-of-work (PoW) consensus protocols. However, a significant challenge is to get PoS protocols "right", i.e. ensure that they are secure w.r. t. safety and liveness. The "Correct-by-Construction" (CBC) Casper approach by the Ethereum project employs pen-and-paper proofs to ensure its security. CBC Casper is a framework to define consensus protocols and aims to prove safety without loss of abstractness. Each member of the CBC Casper family of protocols is defined by five parameters. CBC Casper models the protocol by a state of each validator and messages sent by validators. Each validator can transition its state using messages by other validators that include their current consensus value and a justification (i.e. their previous messages). We extend CBC Casper in three ways. First, we summarise the research of CBC Casper and extend the definitions of safety and liveness properties. To this end, we discuss an instance of CBC Casper called Casper The Friendly GHOST (TFG), a consensus protocol using a variant of the GHOST fork-choice rule. Second, we refine the properties of messages and states in CBC Casper and give a definition of blockchain safety for Casper TFG. Third, we formally verify the CBC Casper framework together with our refined message and state properties as well as our blockchain safety definition in the Isabelle/HOL proof assistant.
Preliminary Monetary Policy in a Data-Rich Environment

1 Monetary policy-makers are inundated by economic data. Research departments throughout the Federal Reserve System, as in other central banks, monitor and analyze literally hundreds of data series from disparate sources. Central bank analysts examine data at a wide range of frequencies and levels of aggregation, with and without seasonal and other adjustments, and in preliminary, revised, and " finally revised " versions. Nor is exhaustive data analysis performed only by professionals employed in part for that purpose; observers of Greenspan's chairmanship, for example, have emphasized his own meticulous attention to a wide variety of data series (Beckner, 1996). The very fact that central banks bear the costs of analyzing a wide range of data series suggests that policy-makers view these activities as relevant to their decisions. Indeed, recent econometric analyses have confirmed the longstanding view of professional forecasters, that the use of large number of data series may significantly improve forecasts of key macroeconomic variables (Stock and Watson, 1999a,b; Watson, 2000). Central bankers' reputations as data fiends may also reflect other motivations besides minimizing average forecast errors per se, including multiple and shifting policy objectives, uncertainty about the correct model of the economy, and the central bank's political need to demonstrate that it is taking all potentially relevant factors into account 1. Despite this reality of central bank practice, in recent years most empirical analyses of monetary policy have been confined to frameworks in which the Fed is implicitly assumed to exploit only a limited amount of information, typically from eight or fewer macroeconomic time series. For example, the well-known vector 1 A related motivation, consistent with the approach of our paper, is that the Fed thinks of concepts like " economic activity " as being latent variables in a large system. Such a viewpoint would be consistent with 2 autoregression (VAR) methodology, used in many recent attempts to characterize the determinants and effects of monetary policy, generally limits the analysis to eight variables or less. 2 Small models have many advantages, including most obviously simplicity and tractability. However, we believe that this divide between central bank practice and most formal models of the Fed reflects at least in part researchers' difficulties in capturing formally the central banker's approach to data analysis, which typically mixes the use of large macroeconometric models, smaller statistical models (such as VARs), heuristic and judgmental analyses, and informal weighting of information from diverse sources. …
A Mobile IPv 6-Based Architecture for Mobility of Mobile Terminals in Heterogeneous Networks

The evaluation toward next-generation wireless networking brought life to the concept of technology and services integration. The success attained by the Internet, on one side, and by cell phone networks, on the other, led to visions of “next-generation networks,” integrating the two different philosophies. On one hand, Internet protocol (IP) technology has been developed in order to support a new range and variety of services, previously only possible with circuit switching technologies, due to the very low cost of Internet access. On the other hand, cellular telephony technology also boomed during this Internet evolution, bringing commodities now very keen to humans: mobility and reachability. It was then natural to associate both concepts as a universal data-based mobile access network. In wireless networks, efficient management of mobility is a crucial issue to support mobile users. The Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP) has been proposed to support global mobility in IP networks. Several mobility management strategies have been proposed which aim reducing the signaling traffic related to the Mobile Terminals (MTs) registration with the Home Agents (HAs) whenever their Care-of-Addresses (CoAs) change.
The Content and Context of Change of Shift Report on Medical and Surgical Units

Objective: This study was conducted to describe the current content and context of change of shift report (CoSR) on medical and surgical units and explore whether nurses use computerized support during the CoSR process. Background: Change of shift report is a commonly occurring handoff that could contribute to gaps in care. Methods: Bedside, face-to-face, and audiotaped CoSRs were audiotaped and observed on 7 medical and surgical units in 3 acute care facilities in the Western United States. Results: Conventional content analysis revealed 4 themes: the Dance of Report, Just the Facts, Professional Nursing Practice, and Lightening the Load. Observations exposed the lack of content structure, high noise levels, interruptions, and no use of electronic health records in these facilities as a part of the report process. Conclusion: Improvements to CoSR include determining a consistent and tailored structure for report, evaluating types of report suitable for particular units, reducing interruptions and noise, and determining content amenable to computerization.
Understanding Manycore Scalability of File Systems

We analyze the manycore scalability of five widely-deployed file systems, namely, ext4, XFS, btrfs, F2FS, and tmpfs, by using our open source benchmark suite, FXMARK. FXMARK implements 19 microbenchmarks to stress specific components of each file system and includes three application benchmarks to measure the macroscopic scalability behavior. We observe that file systems are hidden scalability bottlenecks in many I/O-intensive applications even when there is no apparent contention at the application level. We found 25 scalability bottlenecks in file systems, many of which are unexpected or counterintuitive. We draw a set of observations on file system scalability behavior and unveil several core aspects of file system design that systems researchers must address.
Overhead reduction techniques for software dynamic translation

Summary form only given. Software dynamic translation (SDT) is a technology that allows programs to be modified as they are running. The overhead of monitoring and modifying a running program's instructions is often substantial in SDT systems. As a result, SDT can be impractically slow, especially in SDT systems that do not or cannot employ dynamic optimization to offset overhead. This is unfortunate since SDT has obvious advantages in modern computing environments and interesting applications of SDT continue to emerge. We investigate several overhead reduction techniques, including indirect branch translation caching, fast returns, and static trace formation that can improve SDT performances significantly.
Kalman filtering with measurement delay for electro-optical tracking systems

Electro-optical tracking devices in the television or infrared automatic tracking system, miss distance lag system overshoot increased, lengthened the transitional period, affecting the stability control system and reduce the tracking precision.Feedforward control technology is to improve the tracking accuracy and to maintain the stability of the system an effective way. The speed of introduction of the forecast information as feedforward control signals constitute the equivalent composite control can be approximated to achieve feedforward control technology. The filter for the synthesis of the target location information with lag, interference is the key problem of compound control technology. In order to obtain the high-precision forecasting velocity of moving target, Kalman filter with the measurement lag is designed. Forecasting velocity of moving target can obtain by forecasting the synthesis target position with measurement lag. The actual Electro-optical tracking equivalent compound control system simulation and experimental results show that the velocity of moving target can be forecasted by using the methods and tracking precision can be improved in servo-control system.
Implementing authentication in an Openstack environment-survey

Analyzing the implementation of private cloud and Openstack authentication is necessary to work in an Openstack environment. Private cloud is implemented using Openstack and the aim is to provide a better performance in using Openstack and focus is on the underlying infrastructure on the performance of private cloud deployment.This Openstack is highly beneficial for the Research Centre Communities and Organizations that do not have enough funds in deploying high grade cloud services.
Requesting Pervasive Services by Touching RFID Tags

As the vision of pervasive computing gradually becomes a reality, we are seeing an increasing number of services in our everyday environments. We don't just access them at desktop computers but everywhere our activities lead us-using mobile terminals and built-in technology. Although a positive phenomenon, this transition also introduces considerable challenges to discovering and selecting services. The authors propose a general framework for requesting pervasive services by touching RFID tags. Visual symbols communicate to users the objects that they can touch and that activate services. When a user touches such a symbol with a mobile phone, the data stored in the tag and other contextual information related to the situation trigger the requested service. The authors designed a set of visual symbols and implemented the required functionality as component-based middleware. They studied this novel system's usability and user experience. This article is part of a special issue on RFID Technology.
Evaluation Modelling and Optimization of Investment Options

This paper discusses evaluation modelling of investment options in path integral framework with the help of Geske-Johnson's analytical approximation for American options. Detailed procedure is presented with assumption that underlying assets price follows a geometric Brownian motion, the particular algorithm is summarized and the evaluation is optimized by using Lagrangian interpolation polynomial approximation.
Network Cartography: Seeing the Forest and the Trees

Real-world networks are often complex and large with millions of nodes, posing a great challenge for analysts to quickly see the big picture for more productive subsequent analysis. We aim at facilitating exploration of node-attributed networks by creating representations with conciseness, expressiveness, interpretability, and multi-resolution views. We develop such a representation as a {\it map} --- among the first to explore principled network cartography for general networks. In parallel with common maps, ours has landmarks, which aggregate nodes homogeneous in their traits and interactions with nodes elsewhere, and roads, which represent the interactions between the landmarks. We capture such homogeneity by the similar roles the nodes played. Next, to concretely model the landmarks, we propose a probabilistic generative model of networks with roles as latent factors. Furthermore, to enable interactive zooming, we formulate novel model-based constrained optimization. Then, we design efficient linear-time algorithms for the optimizations. Experiments using real-world and synthetic networks show that our method produces more expressive maps than existing methods, with up to 10 times improvement in network reconstruction quality. We also show that our method extracts landmarks with more homogeneous nodes, with up to 90\% improvement in the average attribute/link entropy among the nodes over each landmark. Sense-making of a real-world network using a map computed by our method qualitatively verify the effectiveness of our method.