Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Importance of Early Intervention and Special Educational Support for High School Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate problems relating to education, past situations and treatments in high school students with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to discuss appropriate considerations. Methods: Participants were 6 students who were diagnosed with ADHD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria. Results: In total, 6 cases of high-school students with ADHD showed dominantly inattention features. They had notably not been diagnosed with ADHD or received appropriate special support education until they were of high-school age, although they had clearly shown characteristic features of the disorder from childhood. As a result, they had decreased motivation to study and showed indolence, and suffered from low self-esteem. Conclusion: This case report suggests that early diagnosis of ADHD and early intervention with special support education are of great importance. To support these students, better educational and medical support systems are warranted.
un 2 00 3 On the Spectrum of Curved Quantum Waveguides

The spectrum of the Laplace operator in a curved strip of constant width built along an infinite plane curve, subject to three different types of boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and a combination of these ones, respectively), is investigated. We prove that the essential spectrum as a set is stable under any curvature of the reference curve which vanishes at infinity and find various sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence of geometrically induced discrete spectrum. Furthermore, we derive a lower bound on the gap between the essential spectrum and the spectral threshold for locally curved strips. The paper is also intended as an overview of some new and old results on spectral properties of curved quantum waveguides.
A study on a novel scoring system for the evaluation of expected mortality in ICU-patients

Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) require huge resources because of the dysfunction of several of their vital organs. The heterogeneity and complexity of the ICU patients have generated interest in systems able to measure severity of illness as a method of predicting outcome, compare quality-of-care, analyze the costs of treating critically ill patients, evaluate stratification of clinical trials. The present work aims at developing a new scoring system to assess the severity of illness of patients admitted to general ICUs, by an observational, prospective, cohort study. The model will be developed in the period of study considering a population of the general ICU at the University Hospital Polyclinic of Tor Vergata so that the data obtained will be usable for Italian health care resource management and ICU performance evaluation within the hospital, the region, and nationwide. The proposed scoring system will revise the presently available systems, in the attempt to overcome their major drawbacks in the definition of the input variables, in the mathematical model employed to process them and the considered outcome. An important and qualifying point of this work lies in the attention paid to quantify and process the different sources of uncertainty, originated by the approximations introduced in the considered model and in the collection stage of the predictor variables.
A system architecture solution for unreliable nanoelectronic devices

The shrinking of electronic devices will inevitably introduce a growing number of defects and even make these devices more sensitive to external influences. It is, therefore, likely that the emerging nanometer-scale devices will eventually suffer from more errors than classical silicon devices in large scale integrated circuits. In order to make systems based on nanometer-scale devices reliable, the design of fault-tolerant architectures will be necessary. Initiated by von Neumann, the NAND multiplexing technique, based on a massive duplication of imperfect devices and randomized imperfect interconnects, had been studied in the past using an extreme high degree of redundancy. In this paper, this NAND multiplexing is extended to a rather low degree of redundancy, and the stochastic Markov nature in the heart of the system is discovered and studied, leading to a comprehensive fault-tolerant theory. A system architecture based on NAND multiplexing is investigated by studying the problem of the random background charges in single electron tunneling (SET) circuits. It might be a system solution for an ultra large integration of highly unreliable nanometer-scale devices.
Risk Factors for Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease

AbstractThe risk factors influencing the natural course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are complex and heterogeneous, and few systematic reviews to date have focused on this issue. The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors for disease development and progression in each stage of CKD. We conducted electronic literature searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library up to October 15, 2012, for observational studies evaluating the risk factors on the development or progression of CKD. Eligible studies should have collected repeated information that could evaluate changes in renal function. Extracted information from all the included studies was synthesized narratively. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. An exploratory random-effects meta-analysis was performed where feasible to pool effect sizes across studies for a specific risk factor in a specific outcome. We identified 38 cohort studies and 2 case-control studies from 40 articles, with a total of 318,898 participants from 14 countries. The follow-up duration ranged from 1.5 to 16 years. The majority of the included studies were of high quality. The baseline CKD stages of the included studies ranged from normal to later stages, and only 19 studies could be classified into a specific range of CKD stages during follow-up. Three risk factors from studies of the same baseline and follow-up CKD stages were eligible for the exploratory meta-analysis, including male sex, substantial proteinuria, and diabetes. The hazard ratios for the progression from CKD stages 3–5 to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.17–1.62), 1.64 (1.01–2.66), and 1.16 (0.98–1.38) for male sex, substantial proteinuria, and diabetes, respectively. In conclusion, our analyses comprehensively summarize the initiating and perpetuating factors for CKD. Male sex and substantial proteinuria are significant perpetuating factors for the progression from late stage CKD to ESRD, and diabetes may play a minor role for the outcome of ESRD among patients with later stages of CKD.
The Disk Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-forming Region

We present a census of circumstellar disks in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. Using the Infrared Array Camera and the Multiband Imaging Photometer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have obtained images of Chamaeleon I at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, and 24 μm. To search for new disk-bearing members of the cluster, we have performed spectroscopy on objects that have red colors in these data. Through this work, we have discovered four new members of Chamaeleon I with spectral types of M4, M6, M7.5, and L0. The first three objects are highly embedded (AJ ∼ 5) and reside near known protostars, indicating that they may be among the youngest low-mass sources in the cluster (τ < 1 Myr ). The L0 source is the coolest known member of Chamaeleon I. Its luminosity implies a mass of 0.004-0.01 M☉, making it the least massive brown dwarf for which a circumstellar disk has been reliably detected. To characterize the disk population in Chamaeleon I, we have classified the infrared spectral energy distributions of the 203 known members that are encompassed by the Spitzer images. Through these classifications, we find that the disk fraction in Chamaeleon I is roughly constant at ~50% from 0.01 to 0.3 M☉. These data are similar to the disk fraction of IC 348, which is a denser cluster at the same age as Chamaeleon I. However, the disk fraction at M≳ 1 M☉ is significantly higher in Chamaeleon I than in IC 348 (65% vs. 20%), indicating longer disk lifetimes in Chamaeleon I for this mass range. Thus, low-density star-forming regions like Chamaeleon I may offer more time for planet formation around solar-type stars than denser clusters.
Review: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adipose tissue--understanding obesity-related changes in regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism.

CONTEXT Adipose tissue is a metabolically dynamic organ, serving as a buffer to control fatty acid flux and a regulator of endocrine function. In obese subjects, and those with type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome, adipose tissue function is altered (i.e. adipocytes display morphological differences alongside aberrant endocrine and metabolic function and low-grade inflammation). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Articles on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in adipose tissue of healthy individuals and those with obesity, metabolic syndrome, or type 2 diabetes were sourced using MEDLINE (1990-2006). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Articles were assessed to provide a comprehensive overview of how PPARgamma-activating ligands improve adipose tissue function, and how this links to improvements in insulin resistance and the progression to type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS PPARgamma is highly expressed in adipose tissue, where its activation with thiazolidinediones alters fat topography and adipocyte phenotype and up-regulates genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride storage. Furthermore, PPARgamma activation is associated with potentially beneficial effects on the expression and secretion of a range of factors, including adiponectin, resistin, IL-6, TNFalpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and angiotensinogen, as well as a reduction in plasma nonesterified fatty acid supply. The effects of PPARgamma also extend to macrophages, where they suppress production of inflammatory mediators. As such, PPARgamma activation appears to have a beneficial effect on the relationship between the macrophage and adipocyte that is distorted in obesity. Thus, PPARgamma-activating ligands improve adipose tissue function and may have a role in preventing progression of insulin resistance to diabetes and endothelial dysfunction to atherosclerosis.
Automatic Action Video Dataset Construction from Web using Density-based Cluster Anaysis and Outlier Detection

High quality datasets play important roles in computer vision and pattern recognition tasks. Constructing high quality datasets using noisy data such as Web data without extensive human effort of manual annotation has received increasing attention of researchers in this field recently [2], [6], [10]. In this paper, we introduce a fully automatic approach to construct a large-scale action dataset from noisy Web video search results. Previous work which also aimed to obtain data for specific action concept from noisy data with minimal manual annotation effort [4], [8] generally require additional information provided together with videos such as movie script [8] or metadata (tags) [4]. In this work, we propose an approach which exploits only visual features of videos retrieved from Web and does not require any additional material. Our idea is based on combining cluster structure analysis and density-based outlier detection. For a specific action concept, first, we download its Web top search videos and segment them into video shots. We then organize these shots into subsets using density-based hierarchy clustering. Clusters are sets of density-connected shots. For each set, we rank its shots by their outlier degrees which are determined as their isolatedness with respect to their surroundings. Finally, we collect top ranked shots as training data for the action concept. Our work is inspired by [2] which uses density analysis of Web images for automatic image dataset construction.
ON SUMS INVOLVING RECIPROCALS OF THE LARGEST PRIME FACTOR OF AN INTEGER

Sum of reciprocals of P(n), the largest prime factor of n, is precisely evaluated asymptotically . Asymptotic formulas for some related sums, involving the function 0 (n) and w (n) (the number of distinct and the total number of prime factors of n) are also derived. §l. Introduction and statement of results Let as usual w (n) and 0(n) denote the number of distinct prime factors of n and the total number of prime factors of n, respectively . Let P (n) denote the largest prime factor of an integer n~ 2, and let P (1)=1 . Several results involving sums of reciprocals of P (n) and some related additive functions were obtained recently in [4], Ch . 6, [6], [7], [9] and [10] . Thus it was shown in [9] that 1] 1/P(n)=xexp {(2logxloglogx)'i'+ n<x +0 ((l og Xl og l og l og X )1/2) The proof of this result depended on _estimates for ~ (x, y), the number of positive integers n 5 x with P (n) ,< y. The connection is seen via the easy identity Y 1/P (n)=1 + E p-'0 (xP ',p), (1 .2) n_x p_ . x where p denotes a general prime throughout the paper . By using a better estimate for 0 (x, y) (see [3]), the result (1 .1) was slightly sharpened and more general sums were estimated in [10], namely S,, (x) Y 1/Pr (n), Tr (x) Y, 1/Pr (n), n_<x n<x,P'(n)In Mathematics subject classifications (1980) : 10H15, 1OH25 .
Sentiment Analysis of Mail and Books

In this paper, we show how sentiment analysis can be used in tandem with eective visualizations to quantify and track emotions in mail and books. We study a number of specic datasets and show, among other things, how collections of texts can be organized for aect-based search and how books portray dierent entities through co-occurring emotion words. Analysis of the Enron Email Corpus reveals that there are marked dierences across genders in how they use emotion words in work-place email. Finally, we show that fairy tales have more extreme emotion densities than novels.
Recommending Tours and Places-of-Interest based on User Interests from Geo-tagged Photos

Photo sharing sites like Flickr and Instagram have grown increasingly popular in recent years, resulting in a large amount of uploaded photos. In addition, these photos contain useful meta-data such as the taken time and geo-location. Using such geo-tagged photos and Wikipedia, we propose an approach for recommending tours based on user interests from his/her visit history. We evaluate our proposed approach on a Flickr dataset comprising three cities and find that our approach is able to recommend tours that are more popular and comprise more places/points-of-interest, compared to various baselines. More importantly, we find that our recommended tours reflect the ground truth of real-life tours taken by users, based on measures of recall, precision and F1-score.
On demand temporary route recovery for frequent link failures in adhoc networks

Adhoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node acts as a router by itself and forwards all the packets which it receives. There is a frequent link failure in adhoc Networks, which causes packet to be lost or packets doubt to reach destination. In this scenario a different mechanism and a scheme is proposed and implemented to make the important time critical data like real time or voice data to reach the destination without any loss. The mechanism used is a special propagation which propagates a unique kind of route discovery for real time application scenario to send the time critical data safely. The scheme used is temporary path between the nodes during link failure. The important node then forwards the buffered packets to the destination without any loss which is on-demand based on type of information a node forwards. Special buffer is allocated for the nodes marked important during special propagation. The significant nodes are assumed and simulated by using a simulation tool GloMoSim. This extensive model is compared with standard models performance metrics such as throughput, retransmission and end-to-end delay are analysed.
Camera Calibration Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

A novel camera calibration approach based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is put forward in this paper. Firstly, we designed 35 sample points on the calibration box; Secondly, the 3D point and their corresponding 2D image coordi- nate of these sample points were obtained; In this approach, PSO algorithm was adopted to obtain the camera intrinsic parameters. Among the 35 sample points, 30 points were used for training, and other 5 points were mainly used to evaluate the effectiveness of camera calibration. The techniques presented in this paper have been implemented and tested with both synthetic and real data. Our experimental results show that the method can obtain satisfying calibration accuracy.
Design of state observer for modular multilevel converter

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an attractive choice for transformer-less and filter-less high power conversion system due to its ability to upscale to high voltage levels by the use of semiconductors. The capacitor voltages on each converter cell are important variables to be monitored not only for the proper control of MMC but also for the fault detection and protection. At the same time, a series of problems can arise by the use of a large number of sensors to measure the capacitor voltages such as high components counts, complex implementation, and comprised reliability of the MMC system. In order to decrease the number of sensors, lower the cost and improve the reliability, a state observer is proposed in this paper to estimate the capacitor voltages by the measurement of the output currents. First a state space model of the MMC system is developed, and then a closed-loop state observer is established to obtain the capacitor voltages. In this paper the observability of the MMC system is displayed and the calculation of the gain matrix is also described detailedly. No additional sensor is required by this technique and it can easily be implemented in a DSP or microcontroller. The operation and robustness of the proposed state observer are confirmed by the simulation results under different loading conditions, even under typical AC grid faults.
A scalable and low delay communication scheme for networked virtual environments

Massively multiplayer online games and other multi-user based networked applications are becoming a big business today. With the recent deployment of broadband access technologies, the increase of the number of participants is putting pressure on such kind of systems which is called networked virtual environments. This paper presents a scalable communication scheme for constructing large-scale networked virtual environments. In our approach, each of the participating entities connects to other entities with unicast based on the importance of the relationship in the virtual environment, thus we minimize the latency between users and make the system scalable. Furthermore, we use distributed hash table (DHT)-based divided network reorganization scheme in order to overcome the network division problem of the peer-to-peer network. This communication scheme can reduce the latency between interacting entities in a scalable manner.
Spread of cattle led to the loss of matrilineal descent in Africa: a coevolutionary analysis

Matrilineal descent is rare in human societies that keep large livestock. However, this negative correlation does not provide reliable evidence that livestock and descent rules are functionally related, because human cultures are not statistically independent owing to their historical relationships (Galton's problem). We tested the hypothesis that when matrilineal cultures acquire cattle they become patrilineal using a sample of 68 Bantu– and Bantoid–speaking populations from sub–Saharan Africa. We used a phylogenetic comparative method to control for Galton's problem, and a maximum–parsimony Bantu language tree as a model of population history. We tested for coevolution between cattle and descent. We also tested the direction of cultural evolution––were cattle acquired before matriliny was lost? The results support the hypothesis that acquiring cattle led formerly matrilineal Bantu–speaking cultures to change to patrilineal or mixed descent. We discuss possible reasons for matriliny's association with horticulture and its rarity in pastoralist societies. We outline the daughter–biased parental investment hypothesis for matriliny, which is supported by data on sex, wealth and reproductive success from two African societies, the matrilineal Chewa in Malawi and the patrilineal Gabbra in Kenya.
Lifetime optimization for Wireless Sensor Networks

In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), nodes are battery powered, therefore, there are energy constrained. Network lifetime is one of the most important characteristics of performance for wireless sensor networks. A number of routing schemes, energy efficient and energy-aware, have been proposed to maximize the network lifetime. These schemes typically try to find the minimum energy path to optimize energy usage at a node. In this paper, we consider the lifetime maximization problem, we propose a routing protocols that take into account the battery residual energy in sensor nodes and the energy required for transmission along the path 1. For each transmission round, only the nodes which have their remaining energies greater than a threshold can participate as relays for other nodes data in addition to sensing the environment. This choice allows the distribution of energy load among any sensor nodes, thus extends network lifetime. Simulation results show that the network lifetimes is increased largely comparable to Direct and MTE schemes.
Diversity and evolutionary history of plastids and their hosts.

By synthesizing data from individual gene phylogenies, large concatenated gene trees, and other kinds of molecular, morphological, and biochemical markers, we begin to see the broad outlines of a global phylogenetic tree of eukaryotes. This tree is apparently composed of five large assemblages, or "supergroups. " Plants and algae, or more generally eukaryotes with plastids (the photosynthetic organelle of plants and algae and their nonphotosynthetic derivatives) are scattered among four of the five supergroups. This is because plastids have had a complex evolutionary history involving several endosymbiotic events that have led to their transmission from one group to another. Here, the history of the plastid and of its various hosts is reviewed with particular attention to the number and nature of the endosymbiotic events that led to the current distribution of plastids. There is accumulating evidence to support a single primary origin of plastids from a cyanobacterium (with one intriguing possible exception in the little-studied amoeba Paulinella), followed by the diversification of glaucophytes, red and green algae, with plants evolving from green algae. Following this, some of these algae were themselves involved in secondary endosymbiotic events. The best current evidence indicates that two independent secondary endosymbioses involving green algae gave rise to euglenids and chlorarachniophytes, whereas a single endosymbiosis with a red algae gave rise to the chromalveolates, a diverse group including cryptomonads, haptophytes, heterokonts, and alveolates. Dinoflagellates (alveolates) have since taken up other algae in serial secondary and tertiary endosymbioses, raising a number of controversies over the origin of their plastids, and by extension, the recently discovered cryptic plastid of the closely related apicomplexan parasites.