Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
So I Just Took Over ” : African American Daughters Caregiving for Parents With Heart Failure

(2011). " So I just took over " : African American daughters caregiving for parents with heart failure. This article examines the experiences of African American women who are caring for a parent with heart failure. Seven adult daughter caregiv-ers completed in-depth, qualitative interviews, and a phenomenological approach was used for data analysis. Results suggest the presence of caregiving stressors, including heart failure symptoms and comorbidity, caregiving duties, social–emotional stressors, and distrust of the health system. Relevant coping strategies included valuing the caregiving role, coordinating care with siblings, taking charge, and spirituality. Social workers can play a critical role in supporting and advocating for caregivers of persons with heart failure, helping them to cope with stressors associated with advanced illness, connecting families with culturally acceptable services, and facilitating communication between families and health care providers. • Social workers can help to reduce racial health disparities by addressing barriers such as families' negative perceptions of hospitals, limitations in communication between health care providers and the individual's caregiver(s), and the lack of continuity of health care provided after hospital discharge. F amilies struggle to meet the burgeoning care needs of elders with chronic illness that are sometimes complicated by the interplay of health conditions and factors of race/ethnicity, gender, and geographical location. The culture of African American families often stresses the importance of caring for family members within the home and avoiding institutional care, suggesting the essential role of caregiving for those with chronic illness (Turner, Wallace, Anderson, & Bird, 2004). heart failure is one chronic condition that poses particular challenges, because this condition has a particularly high prevalence in African American communities Given the prominent role played by daughters in caring for chronically ill parents (Pandya, 2005; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2005), the explicit role expectations for women in African American families re-, and the growing need for more culturally appropriate heart failure care (Fiscella & Williams, 2004), there is a clear need for greater understanding of the daughters' experience in caring for older parents with heart failure. however, despite the importance of this issue, very little information is available on caregiving provided to persons with heart failure by African American daughters. Therefore, this study is based on an exploration of the lived experience of African American daughters caring for a parent with advanced heart failure, including stressors and coping strategies, as they navigate the health care system.
Atmospheric data over a solar cycle: no connection between galactic cosmic rays and new particle formation

Abstract. Aerosol particles affect the Earth's radiative balance by directly scattering and absorbing solar radiation and, indirectly, through their activation into cloud droplets. Both effects are known with considerable uncertainty only, and translate into even bigger uncertainties in future climate predictions. More than a decade ago, variations in galactic cosmic rays were suggested to closely correlate with variations in atmospheric cloud cover and therefore constitute a driving force behind aerosol-cloud-climate interactions. Later, the enhancement of atmospheric aerosol particle formation by ions generated from cosmic rays was proposed as a physical mechanism explaining this correlation. Here, we report unique observations on atmospheric aerosol formation based on measurements at the SMEAR II station, Finland, over a solar cycle (years 1996–2008) that shed new light on these presumed relationships. Our analysis shows that none of the quantities related to aerosol formation correlates with the cosmic ray-induced ionisation intensity (CRII). We also examined the contribution of ions to new particle formation on the basis of novel ground-based and airborne observations. A consistent result is that ion-induced formation contributes typically significantly less than 10% to the number of new particles, which would explain the missing correlation between CRII and aerosol formation. Our main conclusion is that galactic cosmic rays appear to play a minor role for atmospheric aerosol formation events, and so for the connected aerosol-climate effects as well.
Composition of human thrombus assessed by quantitative colorimetric angioscopic analysis.

BACKGROUND Angioscopy surpasses other diagnostic tools, such as angiography and intravascular ultrasound, in detecting arterial thrombus. This capability arises in part from the unique ability of angioscopy to assess true color during imaging. In practice, hardware-induced chromatic distortions and the subjectivity of human color perception substantially limit the theoretic potential of angioscopic color. We used a novel application of tristimulus colorimetry to quantify thrombus color to both aid in its detection and assess its composition. METHODS AND RESULTS A series of human thrombus models were constructed in vitro. Spatial homogeneity was ensured by light and electron microscopy. Quantitative colorimetric angioscopic analysis demonstrated excellent measurement reproducibility (mean difference, 0.07% to 0.17%), unaffected by illuminating light intensity (coefficient of variation, 0.21% to 3.67%). Colorimetric parameters C1 and C2 were strongly correlated (r=.99, P<.0001) with thrombus erythrocyte concentration. Principal components analysis transformed these parameters into a single value, the thrombus erythrocyte index, with little (0.06%) loss of content. Measured and predicted concentrations were similar (mean difference, 0.16 erythrocytes per 1 ng). Randomly ordered images were also subjected to visual analysis by three experienced angioscopists, with suboptimal levels of both intraobserver (mean kappa=0.63) and interobserver (mean kappa=0.48) agreement. In addition, visual ranking resulted in a Kendall rank coefficient of 0.72 to 0.76 versus a perfect 1.00 from quantitative measurement. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative colorimetric angioscopic analysis provides a new, objective, and reproducible analytic tool for assessing angioscopic images of human thrombus. Even under ideal circumstances, experienced angioscopists do a poor job of assessing color (and therefore composition) of human thrombi. This technique can, for the first time, provide quantitative information of thrombus composition during routine diagnostic imaging.
Mixed Effects Models with Censored Data with Application to HIV RNA Levels

Summary. Mixed effects models are often used for estimating fixed effects and variance components in longitudinal studies of continuous data. When the outcome being modelled is a laboratory measurement, however, it may be subject to lower and upper detection limits (i.e., censoring). In this paper, the usual EM estimation procedure for mixed effects models is modified to account for left and/or right censoring.
Tracking Mobility in the Syrian Desert. Potential of Simple Features for Mapping Landscapes of Mobile Pastoralists

This paper presents a brief overview of an archaeological prospection in the steppe of eastern Syria based on highresolution satellite images. While earlier research often stressed the extremely limited visibility of nomadic pastoralists in the archaeological record this study illustrates the high density of nomadic traits in arid areas which can be traced in satellite imagery. Using Ikonos (1m) imagery, a 200 km2 study area 125 km southeast of Palmyra, Syria, was visually searched for evidence for nomadic use of the steppe. Features such as abandoned tent sites, animal feeding sites, stone corrals, cross-wall fields and animal trail networks centered on wells (piospheres) could be readily identified due to their simple characteristic signatures: • Abandoned tent sites appear as small, regular white (high-reflectance) or sub-white colored rectangles. In just the small study area over 2300 tent sites were visually plotted. • Sheep are herded together by pastoralists for feeding and drinking where thick layers of dung accumulate. The resulting features are typically dark brown and have a diameter of about 35m. • Given sufficient rainfall the pastoralists engage in rainwater-harvesting—parallel alignments of low retaining walls in the flat beds of wadis disclose this mode of farming. • Vast radial networks of narrow animal trails centering on wells, form dramatic patterns over several kilometers. However, as a single piosphere with a radius of six kilometers is composed of around five thousand linear elements it is not efficient to manually map these features in detail. The tent site rectangles, the circular brown dung patches, the parallel lines of wadi walls and the radial linear piospheres are highly suitable for semi-automated detection due to their simple form, the repetition and configuration of the form and their sheer abundance against the background of a largely uniform barren steppe landscape. This range of features will be of particular interest to scholars looking for a body of data with which to test algorithms in semi-automated archaeological prospection with good chances of achieving high levels of detection. Semi-automated pattern recognition would thus be an efficient method to map the extensive patterns of nomadic activity known to exist and assist in documenting range degradation in arid landscapes across the Near East.
Direct Demodulation Method Applied in Remote Sensing Images of SJ-9A Satellite

J-9A satellites are the Chinese first two technical test satellites of the SJ satellite series, of which the SJ-9A satellite carries a high resolution multispectral camera. The remote sensing images of SJ-9A satellite will be used in land resource survey and monitoring, agriculture and forestry, environmental protection,disaster prevention and mitigation, and so on. In this paper, direct demodulation(D-D) method which is put forward by Chinese scientists is used in full-color remote sensing image restoration of SJ-9A satellite. By analyzing the MTF and PSF of Dunhuang target image and French target image before and after processing, it is shown that the image definition and MTF processed by D-D method are improved greatly. D-D method could enhance the quality of full-color remote sensing images and it has reached a high level of remote sensing image restoration methods.
The rehabilitation of black bears (Ursus americanus) in North America : a survey of current practices

ii Preface . iii Table of contents. iv List of tables . vii List of figures . viii Acknowledgements . ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Population status and distribution . 3 1.2 Natural history. 3 1.2. 1 Description . 3 1.2. 2 Reproduction . 4 1.2. 3 Dispersal, home range, and habitat use . 4 1.2. 4 Diet . 5 1.2. 5 Hibernation. 5 1.2. 6 Longevity . 7 1.2. 7 Learning and development . 7 1.3 Objectives. 7 Chapter 2: A survey of black bear rehabilitators in Canada and the United States . 9 2.
Role of p14ARF and p15INK4B promoter methylation in patients with lung cancer: a systematic meta-analysis

Background The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p14ARF and p15INK4B are tumor suppressor genes that have been reported to be silenced through promoter methylation in many human cancers. However, the strength of association between p14ARF or p15INK4B promoter methylation and lung cancer remains unclear. Thus, we first determined whether p14ARF and p15INK4B promoter methylation played a key role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. Methods Eligible studies were selected from the online electronic databases. The pooled odds ratios or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and summarized. Results Finally, 12 studies with 625 lung cancer samples and 488 nontumor samples were included under the fixed-effects model. The pooled odds ratio showed that p14ARF promoter methylation was observed to be significantly higher in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than in nontumor samples (P<0.001). No significant correlation was found between p15INK4B promoter methylation and lung cancer (P=0.27). Subgroup analysis of ethnicity revealed that p14ARF promoter methylation was significantly related to the risk of NSCLC in Asian and Caucasian populations. Subgroup analysis of sample type demonstrated that p14ARF promoter methylation was correlated with the risk of NSCLC in tissue samples (P<0.001), but not in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples. P14ARF promoter methylation from one study was not significantly correlated with overall survival of patients with NSCLC. Promoter methylation of p14ARF and p15INK4B was not correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, such as gender status, smoking status, tumor differentiation, and tumor stage (P>0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that p14ARF promoter methylation may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer, but not p15INK4B promoter methylation. Promoter methylation of p14ARF and p15INK4B was not associated with clinicopathological parameters. However, more extensive large-scale studies are essential to further validate our study.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS FOR COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY : THE THIRTIETH ANNUAL SYSTEMATICS SYMPOSIUM

This symposium brings together seven systematic biologists to discuss the relationship between phylogenetic systematics (cladistics) and various branches of comparative biology. Cladistic theory and method were not the focus of this symposium, but rather it addressed how the results of cladistics-that is, hypotheses about phylogenetic pattern-are an essential component of historical analysis. Thus, the papers presented here illustrate six specific problems that, directly or indirectly, rely on cladistic analysis for their solution. Cladistics became an important force within systematic biology following the English translation of Willi Hennig's "Grundzuge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik" (1950), which was updated in 1966 as "Phylogenetic Systematics. " From that time, cladistics has steadily increased in influence, first within zoology, and somewhat later in botany (for an introduction to cladistics, see Eldredge & Cracraft, 1980; Wiley, 1980, 1981; Patterson, 1980; Nelson & Platnick, 1981; Cracraft, 1983; Humphries& Funk, 1984). During this period many workers have discussed the pros and cons of cladistics, and frequent misunderstandings about the theoretical and methodological content of cladistics have arisen. Perhaps contributing to this situation is the fact that the views of cladistic theoreticians have also evolved, often along divergent pathways so that the field of cladistics is now broader, and consequently more internally contentious, than it was 15 years ago. Despite this diversity, the question can be asked whether cladistics is united by any underlying principles so as to form a coherent research program. An answer to this question is of interest beyond being able to differentiate cladists or their work, because it also helps to place the various transformations of cladistics into a common framework and to gain a perspective on some of the arguments that are currently being expressed over the meaning and content of cladistic thought.
THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED FIRMS: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING EFFORT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION

This paper contributes to the existing research by integrating the notions of organizational learning and entrepreneurial orientation into the body of international entrepreneurship. Our primary framework combines learning theory and the new venture theory of internationalization to study the extent to which small and medium-sized companies engage in international activities. In order to focus on firms likely to engage in significant cross-border activity, we used a survey instrument to collect data from small and medium-sized firms located in Belgium. We found that the firms’ international learning effort and entrepreneurial orientation are positively associated with internationalization intent whereas domestic learning effort is negatively related with internationalization intent. Overall, our results suggest (1) that intensive knowledge renewal and exploitation regarding foreign markets and the internationalization process itself may increase internationalization by affecting the perceptions of opportunities offered by further international expansion, and (2) that firms with an entrepreneurial mindset may be more likely to develop a long-term, substantial presence in the international arena, compared to firms that are more reactive or conservative. However, our results also suggest that firms that invest in domestic learning activities, as opposed to international learning activities, may be less likely to internationalize further.
Expansion of Foxp3+ T-cell populations by Candida albicans enhances both Th17-cell responses and fungal dissemination after intravenous challenge

Candida albicans remains the fungus most frequently associated with nosocomial bloodstream infection. In disseminated candidiasis, the role of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells remains largely unexplored. Our aims were to characterize Foxp3+ Treg‐cell activation in a murine intravenous challenge model of disseminated C. albicans infection, and determine the contribution to disease. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated that C. albicans infection drove in vivo expansion of a splenic CD4+Foxp3+ population that correlated positively with fungal burden. Depletion from Foxp3hCD2 reporter mice in vivo confirmed that Foxp3+ cells exacerbated fungal burden and inflammatory renal disease. The CD4+Foxp3+ population expanded further after in vitro stimulation with C. albicans antigens (Ags), and included at least three cell types. These arose from proliferation of the natural Treg‐cell subset, together with conversion of Foxp3− cells to the induced Treg‐cell form, and to a cell type sharing effector Th17‐cell characteristics, expressing ROR‐γt, and secreting IL‐17A. The expanded Foxp3+ T cells inhibited Th1 and Th2 responses, but enhanced Th17‐cell responses to C. albicans Ags in vitro, and in vivo depletion confirmed their ability to enhance the Th17‐cell response. These data lead to a model for disseminated candidiasis whereby expansion of Foxp3+ T cells promotes Th17‐cell responses that drive pathology.
SemEval-2016 Task 3: Community Question Answering

This paper describes the SemEval–2016 Task 3 on Community Question Answering, which we offered in English and Arabic. For English, we had three subtasks: Question–Comment Similarity (subtask A), Question–Question Similarity (B), and Question–External Comment Similarity (C). For Arabic, we had another subtask: Rerank the correct answers for a new question (D). Eighteen teams participated in the task, submitting a total of 95 runs (38 primary and 57 contrastive) for the four subtasks. A variety of approaches and features were used by the participating systems to address the different subtasks, which are summarized in this paper. The best systems achieved an official score (MAP) of 79.19, 76.70, 55.41, and 45.83 in subtasks A, B, C, and D, respectively. These scores are significantly better than those for the baselines that we provided. For subtask A, the best system improved over the 2015 winner by 3 points absolute in terms of Accuracy.
Estimation of IFOV of Rosette Scan System

The methods of estimating the minimum allowed value of IFOV (instantaneous field of view) of the detector in a rosette scan system are investigated. The common method for the estimation of IFOV is described. A new method which uses the maximum distance between two neighboring petals as the estimated value of IFOV is developed and a comparison between the common method and the new method is given. It is concluded that the minimum allowed value of IFOV of rosette scanning is over estimated by the common method while this value can be calculated accurately with the new method.
THE FIRST STEPS OF THE BEAM INTENSITY MEASUREMENT OF THE SPIRAL 2 INJECTOR

The Spiral2 Injector [3] includes several diagnostics. The first ones implemented are Faraday cups, Emittancemeters and DCCTs. Two types of acquisition for the beam intensity measurement on the Faraday cup are being developed. They are based on different industrial electronic boards. The goal of the first type of acquisition is to determine an average intensity value using a traditional acquisition VME board (32 multiplexed channels). This was carried out for the beam tests on the low beam energy line at LPSC Grenoble in May 2009. The second type of acquisition is to perform a measurement synchronized with the beam pulse, the purpose of which is to provide the peak value. Due to the bandwidth of the expected signals, it is necessary to be able to sample at 1 Msamples/second with ADCs of which the resolution is greater or equal to 14 bits. We chose the couple of ADAS ICV108 (4 Megabytes buffer, event and flip/flop modes) and ICV178 (8 analogue inputs with high accuracy) COTS VME boards. The associated EPICS software is in progress and will also be integrated into the Emittancemeters acquisition. AVERAGE INTENSITY MEASUREMENT
Functional Composites and Structures

We prepared a series of composites consisting of FeCoNi/graphene and paraffin wax with a different weight ratio to tune the electromagnetic (EM) properties. The permittivity, permeability and microwave absorption of the fabricated composites were evaluated, and the effective synergistic effect of the dielectric and magnetic loss mechanism were investigated. The minimum reflective loss (RL) can be tuned to −33.0 dB and 1.74 GHz bandwidth (RL ⩽ −10 dB) for a thickness of 7 mm and to −18.4 dB RL and 2.44 GHz bandwidth for a thickness of 2 mm, depending on the amount of FeCoNi/graphene. Moreover, the quantity of FeCoNi/graphene gives selectivity to the absorbers for efficient absorption. Our results demonstrate that the selective tuning of FeCoNi/graphene ratios is a promising candidate for various applications, such as communication devices, high speed processors, information security, electronic countermeasures, electromagnetic absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding. PAPER 2019 RECEIVED 23 February 2019 ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION 26 February 2019 PUBLISHED 29 March 2019 https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ab0c7f Funct. Compos. Struct. 1 (2019) 015003
Aspects of possible magmatic disruption of a high-level radioactive waste repository in southern Nevada

The Nevada Test Site (NTS) region is located within the central section of a north-northeast-trending basaltic volcanic belt of late Cenozoic age, a part of the Quaternary volcanic province of the Great Basin. Future volcanism within the belt represents a potential hazard to storage of high-level radioactive waste within a buried repository located in the southwestern NTS. The hazards of future volcanism in the region are being characterized through a combination of volcanic hazards studies, probability determinations, and consequence analyses. Basaltic activity within the NTS regions is divided into two age groups consisting of relatively large-volume silicic cycle basalts (8 to 10 Myr) and rift basalts (< 8 to 0.3 Myr). This paper describes the processes of basaltic magmatism ranging from derivation of basalt melts at depth, through ascent through the upper mantle and crust, to surface eruption. Each stage in the evolution and dispersal of basaltic magma is described, and the disruption and potential dispersal of stored radioactive waste is evaluated. These data document areas of knowns and unknowns in the processes of basaltic volcanisms and provide background data necessary to assist calculations of radiation release levels due to disruption of a repository. 9 figures, 11 tables.