Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tetrasomic Recombination Is Surprisingly Frequent in Allotetraploid Arachis

Arachis hypogaea L. (cultivated peanut) is an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) with an AABB genome type. Based on cytogenetic studies it has been assumed that peanut and wild-derived induced AABB allotetraploids have classic allotetraploid genetic behavior with diploid-like disomic recombination only between homologous chromosomes, at the exclusion of recombination between homeologous chromosomes. Using this assumption, numerous linkage map and quantitative trait loci studies have been carried out. Here, with a systematic analysis of genotyping and gene expression data, we show that this assumption is not entirely valid. In fact, autotetraploid-like tetrasomic recombination is surprisingly frequent in recombinant inbred lines generated from a cross of cultivated peanut and an induced allotetraploid derived from peanut’s most probable ancestral species. We suggest that a better, more predictive genetic model for peanut is that of a “segmental allotetraploid” with partly disomic, partly tetrasomic genetic behavior. This intermediate genetic behavior has probably had a previously overseen, but significant, impact on the genome and genetics of cultivated peanut.
Generation of multi-formalism state-space analysis tools

As software evolves from early architectural sketches to final code, a variety of representations are appropriate. Moreover, at most points in development, different portions of a software system are at different stages in development, and consequently in different representations. State-space analysis techniques (reachability analysis, model checking, simulation, etc.) have been developed for several representations of concurrent systems, but each tool or technique has typically been targeted to a single design or program notation.We describe an approach to constructing space analysis tools using a core set of basic representations and components. Such a tool generation approach differs from translation to a common formalism. We need not map every supported design formalism to a single internal form that completely captures the original semantics; rather, a shared "inframodel" represents only the essential information for interpretation by tool components that can be customized to reflect the semantics of each formalism. This results in more natural and compact internal representations, and more efficient analysis, than a purely translational approach.We illustrate the approach by applying the prototype tool to a small example problem, coordination of access to a coffee machine. The coffee machine is controlled by an Ada program, and the protocol of human users is modeled with Petri nets. Nets and process graph models are represented in the common internal form, and their composite behavior is analyzed by the prototype tool.
LP Distance and Equivalence of Probabilistic Automata

This paper presents an exhaustive analysis of the problem of computing the Lp distance of two probabilistic automata. It gives efficient exact and approximate algorithms for computing these distances for p even and proves the problem to be NP-hard for all odd values of p, thereby completing previously known hardness results. It further proves the hardness of approximating the Lp distance of two probabilistic automata for odd values of p. Similar techniques to those used for computing the Lp distance also yield efficient algorithms for computing the Hellinger distance of two unambiguous probabilistic automata both exactly and approximately. A problem closely related to the computation of a distance between probabilistic automata is that of testing their equivalence. This paper also describes an efficient algorithm for testing the equivalence of two arbitrary probabilistic automata A1 and A2 in time O(|Σ|(|A1| + |A2|)3), a significant improvement over the previously best reported algorithm for this problem.
A New Multi-Edge Metric-Constrained PEG Algorithm for Designing Binary LDPC Code With Improved Cycle-Structure

The progressive edge-growth (PEG) algorithm constructs an edge in each stage to maximize the variable node (VN) of interest’s local girth in real time. Thus, this VN’s local girths, after more than one edge is added to the current tanner graph (TG) setting, may not be maximized relative to that TG setting. To address this problem, we define the multi-edge local girth and edge-trial, and based on these definitions, propose a new multi-edge metric-constrained PEG algorithm (MM-PEGA) to improve the design at each VN. The MM-PEGA constructs an edge in each stage that, relative to the current TG setting, can potentially maximize the VN of interest’s local girth after a certain number (up to the edge-trial) of edges are added to the TG setting. We first analyze the properties of the multi-edge local girth, and then propose an algorithm for calculating the multi-edge local girth. We also propose a method for accelerating the MM-PEGA. Moreover, we generalize the MM-PEGA for improving different PEG-like designs. According to the theoretical analysis, increasing the edge-trial of the MM-PEGA is expected to positively affect the cycle-structure and the error performance of resulting low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. This expectation is verified by simulations.
An evidence-based review: Efficacy of safety helmets in the reduction of head injuries in recreational skiers and snowboarders

BACKGROUND Approximately 600,000 ski- and snowboarding-related injuries occur in North America each year, with head injuries accounting for up to 20% of all injuries. Currently, there are no major institutional recommendations regarding helmet use for skiers and snowboaders in the United States, in part owing to previous conflicting evidence regarding their efficacy. The objective of this review was to evaluate existing evidence on the efficacy of safety helmets during skiing and snowboarding, particularly in regard to head injuries, neck and cervical spine injuries, and risk compensation behaviors. These data will then be used for potential recommendations regarding helmet use during alpine winter sports. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched using the search string helmet OR head protective devices AND (skiing OR snowboarding OR skier OR snowboarder) for articles on human participants of all ages published between January 1980 and April 2011. The search yielded 83, 0, and 96 results in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, respectively. Studies published in English describing the analysis of original data on helmet use in relation to outcomes of interest, including death, head injury, severity of head injury, neck or cervical spine injury, and risk compensation behavior, were selected. Sixteen published studies met a priori inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail by authors. RESULTS Level I recommendation is that all recreational skiers and snowboarders should wear safety helmets to reduce the incidence and severity of head injury during these sports. Level II recommendation/observation is that helmets do not seem to increase risk compensation behavior, neck injuries, or cervical spine injuries among skiers and snowboarders. Policies and interventions to increase helmet use should be promoted to reduce mortality and head injury among skiers and snowboarders. CONCLUSION Safety helmets clearly decrease the risk and severity of head injuries in skiing and snowboarding and do not seem to increase the risk of neck injury, cervical spine injury, or risk compensation behavior. Helmets are strongly recommended during recreational skiing and snowboarding.
Antibiotic resistant pattern of wound isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

Rapid resistance to most of the antibiotics has been problematic in therapy of Staphylococcal infection. Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus was cured by vancomycin earlier. Later on vancomycin resistance S. aureus was emerged. The study was attempted to observe the antibiotic resistance pattern of wound infecting S. aureus. Altogether 55 S. aureus isolates were studied from 253 wound samples. Among them, 19 (34.54%) exhibited complete resistant to methicillin. In context of vancomycin, 4 (7.27%) were detected as resistant and 27(49.01%) appeared to be resistant to multiple drugs. Only 13.55% organism were susceptible to all antibiotics, 15.25% of them resistant to more than seven antibiotics. Majority (27.12%) were resistant up to three antibiotics. Multidrug resistance and Methicillin resistant isolates have statistically significant association (χ2 =7.025; p<0.05). More than 85% isolates were resistant to β-lactams, 13% was intermediate to methicillin and oxacillin. Vancomycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin and streptomycin remained sensitive to more than 70%. Minimum inhibitory concentration of MRSA, ranged 8-256µg/ml and 1-32 µg/ml for oxacillin and vancomycin respectively with positive correlation (r=0.85) between both antibiotics.
A Simulation of Hand Written Characters using Neural Networks Techniques

The lay out of any character in any language can be considered as a collection of lines and dots. These lines and dots can be looked at as special features or marks, gathered together to give the character its final shape. Although, character shapes and meanings vary from one language to the other, they may be obtained by using the same set of feature patterns. A statistical study of the feature availability in various characters of one chosen language and their frequency of occurrence is presented. The circuit used was implementing a neural network model based on Fukushima’s neocognitron (learning without tutor) for its feature extracting stage. This study is conducted toward the aim of full and accurate character recognition of hand written script. It must be stated that the training patterns used can be extended further for more concrete recognition rate by increasing the number of training patterns as well as using more pixels at the input layer.
Brief announcement: scalable anonymous communication with byzantine adversary

We describe an algorithm for fully-anonymous broadcast in large-scale networks. The protocol is similar to the dining cryptographers networks (DC-Nets) in that both are based on secure multi-party computation (MPC) techniques. However, we address the weaknesses of DC-Nets, which are poor scalability and vulnerability to jamming attacks. When compared to the state-of-the-art, our protocol reduces the total bit complexity from O(n2) to Õ(n) per anonymous message sent in a network of size n at the expense of an increase in total latency from O(1) to polylog(n). Our protocol can tolerate up to 1/3 dishonest parties, which are controlled by a static computationally-unbounded Byzantine adversary.
Sharp increase in the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran

Background: The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed in recent decades. Objectives: This study aimed to give an update on the prevalence and incidence of MS in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: The study population was all residents of Isfahan province during the period from April 2003 to July 2010. In April 2003, a registry of MS patients was created at the Isfahan MS Society (IMSS), which is the only referral center for MS patients in the province. Nearly all MS patients in Isfahan province are now registered with IMSS and were included in the analysis. Results: Among the 3522 registered patients, 2716 were female and 806 were male (sex ratio: 3.37 : 1), and 431 were diagnosed in 2009. This results in a prevalence figure of 73.3 (95% CI: 70.9–75.8) and an incidence of 9.1 (95% CI: 8.3–10.0) per 100,000. Conclusion: The reported prevalence and incidence figures in our study were higher than in our previous report of 2007, in which the prevalence and incidence of MS were reported to be 43.8 and 3.64 per 100,000, respectively. This dramatic increase in the prevalence of MS puts Isfahan amongst the regions with the highest prevalence of MS in Asia and Oceania and is mostly due to changing environmental factors, amongst which vitamin D deficiency seems an important factor in our population.
Identification and characterization of the ilvR gene encoding a LysR-type regulator of Caulobacter crescentus

The ilvR gene was located upstream of and transcribed divergently from the ilvD gene of Caulobacter crescentus. DNA nucleotide analysis determined that the ilvR and ilvD translation initiation codons are 98 bp apart. The promoter activity of the DNA region containing the divergent promoters was analyzed by using transcriptional fusions to promoterless reporter genes and immunoblot assays. The results indicate that the ilvR gene product positively regulates the expression of the ilvD gene while negatively autoregulating its own expression. The ilvR gene codes for a protein of 296 amino acid residues (M(r), 37,212). The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the IlvR protein contains a helix-turn-helix motif, suggesting that it is involved in protein-DNA interactions. Protein extracts from both wild-type and merodiploid strains showed specific DNA binding to a 227-bp DNA fragment spanning the ilvD-ilvR promoter region, while no protein-DNA complexes were observed in cell extracts from an ilvR mutant strain. Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the IlvR protein is a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators.
The effect of duration of thermal manipulation during broiler chick embryogenesis on body weight and body temperature of post-hatched chicks

La selection genetique des poulets de chair a croissance rapide s'est accompagnee d'un developpement insuffisant de leurs organes internes qui limite leur capacite a resister a la chaleur. Les manipulations thermiques (MT) de l'embryon visent a ameliorer l'acquisition de la thermotolerance du poulet. Leur duree pourrait affecter le poids vif (BW) et la temperature corporelle (T b ) des poussins. Cette etude a pour but de rechercher les effets de differentes durees de MT pendant les jours E16 a El 8 de l'embryogenese sur le taux d'eclosion, T b et BW des poussins a la naissance (jO), ainsi qu'a 3 jours (j3) pendant une exposition ou non a un coup de chaleur de 6 h a 41 °C. Les oeufs temoins sont incubes a 37,8 °C pendant 21 jours, tandis que les embryons traites sont en plus soumis a 39,5 °C pendant 3 (Dl), 6 (D2), 12 (D3) ou 24 (D4) h par jour de E16 a E18. Les traitements n'affectent pas BW a j0, mais les taux d'eclosion sont plus eleves chez les embryons D3 et D4 compares aux D1. Tous les traitements diminuent significativement T b par rapport aux temoins a jO, resultat retrouve chez les poussins exposes a un coup de chaleur (C) a j3. Dix-huit heures apres le coup de chaleur, les poussins exposes D1C maintiennent une T b significativement plus faible que celle des poussins D2C, D3C et D4C. Chez les poussins non exposes (N), BW continue a etre similaire entre traitements, alors que chez les poussins exposes (C), BW est plus eleve chez les poussins D2C et D3C que chez les temoins et D1C. Il apparait donc que la meilleure duree de MT dans nos conditions est de 3 h par jour de E16 a El 8 pour l'amelioration de la thermotolerance du poussin, et de 6 a 12 h par jour pour l'initiation de la croissance. Des recherches complementaires sont necessaires pour evaluer ces deux types de reponses a plus long terme.
Loopy Belief Propagation in Bayesian Networks : origin and possibilistic perspectives

In this paper we present a synthesis of the work pe rformed on two inference algorithms: the Pearl’s belief propagation (BP) algorithm applied t o Bayesian networks without loops (i.e. polytree) and the Loopy belief propagation (LBP) al gorithm (inspired from the BP) which is applied to networks containing undirected cycles. I t is known that the BP algorithm, applied to Bayesian networks with loops, gives incorrect numerical results i.e. incorrect posterior probabilities. Murphy and al. [7] find that the LBP algorithm converges on several networks and when this occurs, LBP gives a good approximation of the exact posterior probabilities. However this algorithm presents an oscillatory behaviour wh en it is applied to QMR (Quick Medical Reference) network [15]. This phenomenon prevents the LBP algorithm from converging towards a good approximation of posterior probabili ties. We believe that the translation of the inference computation problem from the probabilisti c framework to the possibilistic framework will allow performance improvement of LBP algorithm. We hope that an adaptation of this algorithm to a possibilistic causal network will sh ow an improvement of the convergence of LBP.
Impacts Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on Electric Utilities and Regional US Power Grids: Part 1: Technical Analysis

This initial paper estimates the regional percentages of the energy requirements for the U.S. light duty vehicle stock that could be supported by the existing grid, based on 12 NERC regions. This paper also discusses the impact of overall emissions of criteria gases and greenhouse gases as a result of shifting emission from millions of tailpipes to a relatively few power plants. The paper concludes with an outlook of the technology requirements necessary to manage the additional and potentially sizable new load to maintain grid reliability.
Indexing Natural Products for Their Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity: Filtering and Mapping Discriminative Physicochemical Properties

Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a major health problem, for which there is an unmet need to develop novel drugs. The application of in silico techniques and optimization algorithms is instrumental to achieving this goal. A set of 97 approved anti-diabetic drugs, representing the active domain, and a set of 2892 natural products, representing the inactive domain, were used to construct predictive models and to index anti-diabetic bioactivity. Our recently-developed approach of ‘iterative stochastic elimination’ was utilized. This article describes a highly discriminative and robust model, with an area under the curve above 0.96. Using the indexing model and a mix ratio of 1:1000 (active/inactive), 65% of the anti-diabetic drugs in the sample were captured in the top 1% of the screened compounds, compared to 1% in the random model. Some of the natural products that scored highly as potential anti-diabetic drug candidates are disclosed. One of those natural products is caffeine, which is noted in the scientific literature as having the capability to decrease blood glucose levels. The other nine phytochemicals await evaluation in a wet lab for their anti-diabetic activity. The indexing model proposed herein is useful for the virtual screening of large chemical databases and for the construction of anti-diabetes focused libraries.
IRCI free colocated mimo radar based on sufficient cyclic prefix OFDM waveforms

In this paper, we propose a cyclic prefix (CP)-based multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) range reconstruction method and its corresponding MIMO-OFDM waveform design for colocated MIMO radar systems. Our proposed MIMO-OFDM waveform design achieves the maximum signal-to-noise ratio gain after the range reconstruction, and its peak-to-average power ratio in the discrete time domain is also optimal, i.e., 0 dB, when Zadoff-Chu sequences are used in the discrete frequency domain as the weighting coefficients for the subcarriers. We also investigate the performance when there are transmit and receive digital beamforming (DBF) pointing errors. It is shown that our proposed CP-based MIMO-OFDM range reconstruction is interrange cell interference free no matter whether there are transmit and receive DBF pointing errors or not. Simulation results are presented to verify the theory and compare it with the conventional OFDM and linear frequency modulation colocated MIMO radars.
Feature Selection and Cancer Classification via Sparse Logistic Regression with the Hybrid L1/2 +2 Regularization

Cancer classification and feature (gene) selection plays an important role in knowledge discovery in genomic data. Although logistic regression is one of the most popular classification methods, it does not induce feature selection. In this paper, we presented a new hybrid L1/2 +2 regularization (HLR) function, a linear combination of L1/2 and L2 penalties, to select the relevant gene in the logistic regression. The HLR approach inherits some fascinating characteristics from L1/2 (sparsity) and L2 (grouping effect where highly correlated variables are in or out a model together) penalties. We also proposed a novel univariate HLR thresholding approach to update the estimated coefficients and developed the coordinate descent algorithm for the HLR penalized logistic regression model. The empirical results and simulations indicate that the proposed method is highly competitive amongst several state-of-the-art methods.
PENGEMBANGAN SUPLEMEN PEMBELAJARAN BERBASISPOGIL PADA MATERI SISTEM PEREDARAN DARAHTINGKAT SMP

POGIL (Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning) merupakan pembelajaran inquiry terbimbing yang melatih siswa menguasai kemampuankemampuan esensial seperti berpikir kritis, menyelesaikan masalah, bekerja dalam kelompok, berkomunikasi, memanajemen, dan mengevaluasi dalam proses menemukan konsep. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan suplemen pembelajaran berbasis POGIL pada materi sistem peredaran darah dan mengetahui efektivitasnya apabila diujicobakan terhadap siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian research and development (R & D). Langkah-langkah penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis potensi dan masalah, mendesain produk, validasi desain, revisi I, uji coba keterterapan, revisi II, uji coba pemakaian, revisi III, dan produk final. Suplemen pembelajaran yang dikembangkan terdiri atas LDS berbasis POGIL dan video pembelajaran, dilengkapi silabus dan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) sebagai panduan pelaksanaan. Validasi produk dilakukan oleh ahli materi dan kurikulum dari jurusan Biologi Universitas Negeri Semarang. Uji coba suplemen pembelajaran dilakukan pada siswa SMP N 1 Kalibawang Wonosobo. Uji coba keterterapan dilakukan terhadap 26 siswa kelas IX A. Uji coba pemakaian dilakukan pada 27 siswa kelas VIII A dan 26 siswa kelas VIII B menggunakan desain one shoot case study. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah validitas suplemen pembelajaran oleh ahli materi dan ahli kurikulum, penilaian siswa terhadap suplemen pembelajaran, hasil belajar siswa, aktifitas siswa, dan tanggapan guru serta siswa. Data-data tersebut dianalisis secara deskriptif persentase. Suplemen pembelajaran berbasis POGIL pada materi sistem peredaran darah yang dikembangkan dinilai valid oleh validator ahli materi dan ahli kurikulum dengan skor berturut-turut 44, persentase 84,6% (kriteria sangat valid) dan skor 112, persentase 100% (kriteria sangat valid). Hasil belajar siswa mencapai ketuntasan klasikal 88,7%. Siswa yang beraktifitas tinggi mencapai 98,15%. Guru memberikan skor tanggapan 10 dengan persentase 100% (kriteria sangat baik) serta siswa memberikan skor tanggapan 22,95 dengan persentase 88,45% (kriteria sangat baik). Tingginya aktifitas siswa (98,15%) menunjukkan berkembangnya kemampuan esensial. Kemampuan siswa pada kegiatan evaluasi diri menunjukkan perkembangan kemampuan metakognisi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplemen pembelajaran berbasis POGIL pada materi sistem peredaran darah efektif diterapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di tingkat SMP.