Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EEG Entropy Values During Isoflurane, Sevoflurane and Halothane Anesthesia With and Without Nitrous Oxide

We hypothesized that like bispectral index, entropy may be anesthetic agent specific. We carried out a study to assess the entropy values of different anesthetics at equi-minimal alveolar concentrations (MACs) with air and nitrous oxide as carrier gases. Thirty adult patients undergoing spine surgery were randomized to receive halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane, in 2 stages, (a) with air/oxygen mixture (2:1) and (b) in nitrous oxide/oxygen (2:1). Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, response entropy (RE), and state entropy (SE) were noted at 1.0 and 1.5 MACs for each agent. Statistical analysis was done using the 2-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni correction and Student t test for paired data. P value of less than 0.05 were considered significant. The demographics and baseline values of heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, RE, and SE were comparable. Changing from air/oxygen as carrier gas to 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen resulted in significant increase in both RE and SE at 1.0 MAC for all the agents (P<0.05). Among the agents, it was found that both RE and SE values were significantly higher during halothane anesthesia as compared with sevoflurane and isoflurane (P<0.05). At 1.5 MAC for all agents, after addition of nitrous oxide, there was an insignificant reduction in both RE and SE (P>0.05). Again the values of RE and SE remained high for halothane as compared with isoflurane and sevoflurane. In conclusion, our data suggest a possibility of misinterpretation of anesthetic hypnosis when entropy values increase with addition of nitrous oxide to 1 MAC isoflurane and sevoflurane.
Preventing Diabetic Foot Ulcer Recurrence in High-Risk Patients

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a temperature monitoring instrument to reduce the incidence of foot ulcers in individuals with diabetes who have a high risk for lower extremity complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this physician-blinded, randomized, 15-month, multicenter trial, 173 subjects with a previous history of diabetic foot ulceration were assigned to standard therapy, structured foot examination, or enhanced therapy groups. Each group received therapeutic footwear, diabetic foot education, and regular foot care. Subjects in the structured foot examination group performed a structured foot inspection daily and recorded their findings in a logbook. If standard therapy or structured foot examinations identified any foot abnormalities, subjects were instructed to contact the study nurse immediately. Subjects in the enhanced therapy group used an infrared skin thermometer to measure temperatures on six foot sites each day. Temperature differences >4°F (>2.2°C) between left and right corresponding sites triggered patients to contact the study nurse and reduce activity until temperatures normalized. RESULTS—The enhanced therapy group had fewer foot ulcers than the standard therapy and structured foot examination groups (enhanced therapy 8.5 vs. standard therapy 29.3%, P = 0.0046 and enhanced therapy vs. structured foot examination 30.4%, P = 0.0029). Patients in the standard therapy and structured foot examination groups were 4.37 and 4.71 times more likely to develop ulcers than patients in the enhanced therapy group. CONCLUSIONS—Infrared temperature home monitoring, in serving as an “early warning sign,” appears to be a simple and useful adjunct in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcerations.
Design of Poly-Si Junctionless Fin-Channel FET With Quantum-Mechanical Drift-Diffusion Models for Sub-10-nm Technology Nodes

In this paper, a junctionless FinFET (JLFinFET) having polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) channel has been optimally designed and characterized by stringent device simulation aiming 10-nm-and-beyond Si technology node. Replacing the silicon-on-insulator platform employed for realizing the JLFETs in most cases by bulk Si substrate featuring deposited oxide and poly-Si channel would warrant highly cost-effective process integration. Here, the high-κ/metal-gate technology is also adopted to enhance the gate controllability, prevent the gate leakage current, and obtain appropriate gate work function. It is demonstrated from the device simulation results with higher accuracy and credibility by multiple models, particularly including the quantum-mechanical models in drift and diffusion conductions that the poly-Si JL FinFET has the strong potential for the 10-nm-and-beyond Si CMOS technology with little performance degradation in comparison with the JL FinFET with crystalline Si channel.
Cubic or Orthorhombic? Revealing the Crystal Structure of Metastable Black-Phase CsPbI3 by Theory and Experiment

Room-temperature films of black-phase cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) are widely thought to be trapped in a cubic perovskite polymorph. Here, we challenge this assumption. We present structural refinement of room-temperature black-phase CsPbI3 in an orthorhombic polymorph. We demonstrate that this polymorph is adopted by both powders and thin films of black-phase CsPbI3, fabricated either by high- or low-temperature processes. We perform electronic band structure calculations for the orthorhombic polymorph and find agreement with experimental data and close similarities with orthorhombic methylammonium lead iodide. We investigate the structural transitions and thermodynamic stability of the various polymorphs of CsPbI3 and show that the orthorhombic polymorph is the most stable among its other perovskite polymorphs, but it remains less stable than the yellow nonperovskite polymorph.
Physiological and anatomic evidence for regulation of the heart by suprachiasmatic nucleus in rats.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the mammalian biological clock that generates the daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. Light can phase shift the rhythm of the SCN but can also acutely affect SCN activity and output, e.g., output to the pineal. Recently, multisynaptic SCN connections to other organs were also demonstrated. Moreover, they were shown to affect those organs functionally. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the SCN in the regulation of the heart. First, we demonstrated that heart rate (HR) in SCN-intact, but not SCN-lesioned (SCNx), male Wistar rats had a clear circadian rhythm, which was not caused by locomotor activity. Second, we demonstrated that light at night reduces HR in intact but not in SCNx rats. Finally, we demonstrated the presence of a multisynaptic autonomic connection from SCN neurons to the heart with the retrograde pseudorabies virus tracing technique. Together, these results demonstrate that the SCN affects the heart in rats and suggest that this is mediated by a neuronal mechanism.
Self-locked orthogonal polarized dual comb in a microresonator

Dual combs are an emerging tool to obtain unprecedented resolution, high sensitivity, ultrahigh accuracy, broad bandwidth, and ultrafast data updating rate in the fields of molecular spectroscopy, optical metrology, as well as optical frequency synthesis. The recent progress in chip-based microcombs has promoted the on-chip dual-comb measuring systems to a new phase attributed to the large frequency spacing and broad spectrum. In this paper, we demonstrate proof-of-concept dual-comb generation with orthogonal polarization in a single microresonator through pumping both the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) modes simultaneously. The two orthogonal polarized pumps are self-oscillating in a fiber ring cavity. The generated dual comb exhibits excellent stability due to the intrinsic feedback mechanism of the self-locked scheme. The repetition rate of the two orthogonal combs is slightly different because of the mode spacing difference between the TE and TM modes. Such orthogonal polarized dual-combs could be a new comb source for out-of-lab applications in the fields of integrated spectroscopy, ranging measurement, optical frequency synthesis, and microwave comb generation.
Novel, Objective, Multivariate Biomarkers Composed of Plasma Amino Acid Profiles for the Diagnosis and Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder that is associated with a limited number of clinical biomarkers. In order to facilitate the diagnosis of IBD and assess its disease activity, we investigated the potential of novel multivariate indexes using statistical modeling of plasma amino acid concentrations (aminogram). Methodology and Principal Findings We measured fasting plasma aminograms in 387 IBD patients (Crohn's disease (CD), n = 165; ulcerative colitis (UC), n = 222) and 210 healthy controls. Based on Fisher linear classifiers, multivariate indexes were developed from the aminogram in discovery samples (CD, n = 102; UC, n = 102; age and sex-matched healthy controls, n = 102) and internally validated. The indexes were used to discriminate between CD or UC patients and healthy controls, as well as between patients with active disease and those in remission. We assessed index performances using the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC AUC). We observed significant alterations to the plasma aminogram, including histidine and tryptophan. The multivariate indexes established from plasma aminograms were able to distinguish CD or UC patients from healthy controls with ROC AUCs of 0.940 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.898–0.983) and 0.894 (95%CI: 0.853–0.935), respectively in validation samples (CD, n = 63; UC, n = 120; healthy controls, n = 108). In addition, other indexes appeared to be a measure of disease activity. These indexes distinguished active CD or UC patients from each remission patients with ROC AUCs of 0.894 (95%CI: 0.853–0.935) and 0.849 (95%CI: 0.770–0.928), and correlated with clinical disease activity indexes for CD (rs = 0.592, 95%CI: 0.385–0.742, p<0.001) or UC (rs = 0.598, 95%CI: 0.452–0.713, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusions and Significance In this study, we demonstrated that established multivariate indexes composed of plasma amino acid profiles can serve as novel, non-invasive, objective biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD, providing us with new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease.
Pregnancy in Patients With Organ Transplantation: A Review

Women can undergo organ transplantation before or during childbearing years. Most pregnancies have been reported in women with renal allografts, but pregnancy is possible in women with various solid organ transplants. No specific structural malformations have been reported after immunosuppressant use in pregnancy; however, the perinatal risks of hypertension, growth restriction, and preterm delivery exist. Immunosuppressive therapy must be maintained and monitored during pregnancy to prevent rejection. Immunosuppressant therapy for allograft protection continues to change faster than safety information regarding human pregnancy is accumulated. This review discusses the pregnancy management for women with various organ transplants. Each group of recipients must deal with specific issues related to the organ transplanted and the underlying medical condition for which the transplant was necessary. Pregnancy in women with organ transplants is now not only common, but often successful for both mother and infant. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to describe the variables affecting birthweight and graft survival in pregnancies complicated by organ transplantation, to list the perinatal risks associated with allografts, and to summarize the prenatal care for gravidas with organ transplantations.
Improving Nutritional Quality of Cocoa Pod (Theobroma cacao) through Chemical and Biological Treatments for Ruminant Feeding: In vitro and In vivo Evaluation

Cocoa pod is among the by-products of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) plantations. The aim of this study was to apply a number of treatments in order to improve nutritional quality of cocoa pod for feeding of ruminants. Cocoa pod was subjected to different treatments, i.e. C (cocoa pod without any treatment or control), CAm (cocoa pod+1.5% urea), CMo (cocoa pod+3% molasses), CRu (cocoa pod+3% rumen content) and CPh (cocoa pod+3% molasses+Phanerochaete chrysosporium inoculum). Analysis of proximate and Van Soest’s fiber fraction were performed on the respective treatments. The pods were then subjected to an in vitro digestibility evaluation by incubation in rumen fluid-buffer medium, employing a randomized complete block design (n = 3 replicates). Further, an in vivo evaluation of the pods (35% inclusion level in total mixed ration) was conducted by feeding to young Holstein steers (average body weight of 145±3.6 kg) with a 5×5 latin square design arrangement (n = 5 replicates). Each experimental period lasted for 30 d; the first 20 d was for feed adaptation, the next 3 d was for sampling of rumen liquid, and the last 7 d was for measurements of digestibility and N balance. Results revealed that lignin content was reduced significantly when cocoa pod was treated with urea, molasses, rumen content or P. chrysosporium (p<0.01) with the following order of effectiveness: CPh>CAm>CRu>CMo. Among all treatments, CAm and CPh treatments significantly improved the in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (p<0.05) of cocoa pod. Average daily gain of steers receiving CAm or CPh treatment was significantly higher than that of control (p<0.01) with an increase of 105% and 92%, respectively. Such higher daily gain was concomitant with higher N retention and proportion of N retention to N intake in CAm and CPh treatments than those of control (p<0.05). It can be concluded from this study that treatment with either urea or P. chrysosporium is effective in improving the nutritive value of cocoa pod.
Catalytic upgrading of wood-plastic composite fast pyrolysis vapors with USY/ HUSY catalysts

Ultra stable Y type(USY) zeolite and HUSY zeolite were applied to catalytic cracking of wood-plastic composite(WPC) fast pyrolysis vapors using analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Compared with the results of non-catalytic pyrolysis, there was a dramatic increase in the concentration of olefins and aromatic compounds of the derived pyrolytic products. The catalysts significantly reduced aldehydes, acetic acid and ketones. In addition, levoglucosan was completely eliminated after catalysis. The results showed that both USY and HUSY zeolite exhibited high activity in the decarboxylation and decarbonylation of the pyrolytic products, and USY performed better than HUSY.
Local Field Potential Modeling Predicts Dense Activation in Cerebellar Granule Cells Clusters under LTP and LTD Control

Local field-potentials (LFPs) are generated by neuronal ensembles and contain information about the activity of single neurons. Here, the LFPs of the cerebellar granular layer and their changes during long-term synaptic plasticity (LTP and LTD) were recorded in response to punctate facial stimulation in the rat in vivo. The LFP comprised a trigeminal (T) and a cortical (C) wave. T and C, which derived from independent granule cell clusters, co-varied during LTP and LTD. To extract information about the underlying cellular activities, the LFP was reconstructed using a repetitive convolution (ReConv) of the extracellular potential generated by a detailed multicompartmental model of the granule cell. The mossy fiber input patterns were determined using a Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithm. The major component of the LFP was generated by the granule cell spike Na+ current, which caused a powerful sink in the axon initial segment with the source located in the soma and dendrites. Reproducing the LFP changes observed during LTP and LTD required modifications in both release probability and intrinsic excitability at the mossy fiber-granule cells relay. Synaptic plasticity and Golgi cell feed-forward inhibition proved critical for controlling the percentage of active granule cells, which was 11% in standard conditions but ranged from 3% during LTD to 21% during LTP and raised over 50% when inhibition was reduced. The emerging picture is that of independent (but neighboring) trigeminal and cortical channels, in which synaptic plasticity and feed-forward inhibition effectively regulate the number of discharging granule cells and emitted spikes generating “dense” activity clusters in the cerebellar granular layer.
Combining data and instruction memory energy optimizations for embedded applications

This paper studies the overhead of data memory optimizations on the instruction memories in embedded processors. First, it is shown that this overhead is significant, but methods exist to alleviate it. For every data optimization step causing overhead, there exists an appropriate countermeasure such that both instruction and data energy is kept low. Results on two driver applications show that although the overhead in both energy and performance can reach up to 250%, the countermeasures reduce this, such that the final result has up to four times less energy consumption and up seven times better performance compared to the original implementation.
StaTube: facilitating state management in instant messaging systems

Instant messaging systems, such as Skype, offer text, audio and video channels for one-on-one and group conversations, both for personal and professional communication. They are commonly used at a distance, i.e., across countries and continents. To avoid disrupting other tasks, they display personal states to signal others when to contact someone and when not. This mechanism, however, heavily relies on users setting their own state correctly. In an online survey with 46 participants we found that neglecting state updates leads to unwanted messages, either because the state is incorrect or others disrespect it because they assume it to be wrong anyway. We address this situation with the StaTube, a tangible object offering (1) peripheral interaction for setting one's own state and (2) peripheral awareness of selected others' state. In an in-situ evaluation we found first indicators that (1) peripheral interaction fosters more frequent state updates and more accurate state information, and (2) that our participants felt more aware of their contacts' states due to the physical ambient representation.
The acidity of the tumor microenvironment is a mechanism of immune escape that can be overcome by proton pump inhibitors

We have recently reported that lowering the pH to values that are frequently detected in tumors causes reversible anergy in both human and mouse CD8+ T lymphocytes in vitro. The same occurs in vivo, in the tumor microenvironment and the administration of proton pump inhibitors, which buffer tumor acidity, can revert T-cell anergy and increase the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Dependence Balance Based Outer Bounds for Gaussian Networks With Cooperation and Feedback

We obtain new outer bounds on the capacity regions of the two-user multiple access channel with generalized feedback (MAC-GF) and the two-user interference channel with generalized feedback (IC-GF). These outer bounds are based on the idea of dependence balance which was proposed by Hekstra and Willems. To illustrate the usefulness of our outer bounds, we investigate three different channel models. We first consider a Gaussian MAC with noisy feedback (MAC-NF), where transmitter k, k = 1, 2, receives a feedback Y(Fk), which is the channel output Y corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise Zk. For this channel model, the cut-set outer bound is not sensitive to the feedback noise variances. We demonstrate that our outer bound improves upon the cut-set bound for all nonzero values of the feedback noise variances. Moreover, in the limit as σ(Zk)2 → ∞, k = 1, 2, our outer bound collapses to the capacity region of the Gaussian MAC without feedback. Secondly, we investigate a Gaussian MAC with user-cooperation (MAC-UC), where each transmitter receives an additive white Gaussian noise corrupted version of the channel input of the other transmitter. For this channel model, the cut-set bound is sensitive to the cooperation noises, but not sensitive enough. For all nonzero values of cooperation noise variances, our outer bound strictly improves upon the cut-set outer bound. Moreover, as the cooperation noises become large, our outer bound collapses to the capacity region of the Gaussian MAC without cooperation. Thirdly, we investigate a Gaussian IC with user-cooperation (IC UC). For this channel model, the cut-set bound is again sensitive to cooperation noise variances as in the case of MAC-UC channel model, but not sensitive enough. We demonstrate that our outer bound strictly improves upon the cut-set bound for all nonzero values of cooperation noise variances.
Frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the P‐glycoprotein drug transporter MDR1 gene in white subjects

P‐glycoprotein, the gene product of MDR1, confers multidrug resistance against antineoplastic agents but also plays an important role in the bioavailability of common drugs in medical treatment. Various polymorphisms in the MDR1 gene were recently identified. A silent mutation in exon 26 (C3435T) was correlated with intestinal P‐glycoprotein expression and oral bioavailability of digoxin.
Automatic Annotation Suggestions and Custom Annotation Layers in WebAnno

In this paper, we present a flexible approach to the efficient and exhaustive manual annotation of text documents. For this purpose, we extend WebAnno (Yimam et al., 2013) an open-source web-based annotation tool. 1 While it was previously limited to specific annotation layers, our extension allows adding and configuring an arbitrary number of layers through a web-based UI. These layers can be annotated separately or simultaneously, and support most types of linguistic annotations such as spans, semantic classes, dependency relations, lexical chains, and morphology. Further, we tightly integrate a generic machine learning component for automatic annotation suggestions of span annotations. In two case studies, we show that automatic annotation suggestions, combined with our split-pane UI concept, significantly reduces annotation time.
MicroRNA-target pairs in human renal epithelial cells treated with transforming growth factor β1: a novel role of miR-382

We reported previously an approach for identifying microRNA (miRNA)-target pairs by combining miRNA and proteomic analyses. The approach was applied in the present study to examine human renal epithelial cells treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a model of epithelial–mesenchymal transition important for the development of renal interstitial fibrosis. Treatment of human renal epithelial cells with TGFβ1 resulted in upregulation of 16 miRNAs and 18 proteins and downregulation of 17 miRNAs and 16 proteins. Of the miRNAs and proteins that exhibited reciprocal changes in expression, 77 pairs met the sequence criteria for miRNA–target interactions. Knockdown of miR-382, which was up-regulated by TGFβ1, attenuated TGFβ1-induced loss of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. miR-382 was confirmed by 3′-untranslated region reporter assay to target five genes that were downregulated at the protein level by TGFβ1, including superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). Knockdown of miR-382 attenuated TGFβ1-induced downregulation of SOD2. Overexpression of SOD2 ameliorated TGFβ1-induced loss of the epithelial marker. The study provided experimental evidence in the form of reciprocal expression at the protein level for a large number of predicted miRNA-target pairs and discovered a novel role of miR-382 and SOD2 in the loss of epithelial characteristics induced by TGFβ1.