Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Many Pathways to Literacy: Young Children Learning with Siblings, Grandparents, Peers and Communities

This unique and visionary text is a compilation of fascinating studies conducted in a variety of cross-cultural settings where children learn language and literacy with siblings, grandparents, peers and community members. Focusing on the knowledge and skills of children often invisible to educators, these illuminating studies highlight how children skilfully draw from their varied cultural and linguistic worlds to make sense of new experiences. The vastly experienced team of contributors provide powerful demonstrations of the generative activity of young children and their mediating partners - family members, peers, and community members - as they syncretise languages, literacies and cultural practices from varied contexts. Through studies grounded in home, school, community school, nursery and church settings, we see how children create for themselves radical forms of teaching and learning in ways that are not typically recognised, understood or valued in schools. This book will be invaluable reading for teachers, teacher educators, researchers and policy-makers who seek to understand the many pathways to literacy and use that knowledge to affect real change in schools.
MRI features of renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the MRI features of the pathologically related entities renal oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight cases of histologically proven renal oncocytoma and 15 of chromophobe RCC evaluated with preoperative MRI from January 2003 through June 2009 at our institution were independently reviewed for an array of MRI features by two radiologists blinded to the final histopathologic diagnosis. These features were tabulated and compared between chromophobe RCC and renal oncocytoma by use of the Mann-Whitney test and binary logistic regression. RESULTS Renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC showed no significant difference in size or any of 16 qualitative imaging features (p = 0.0842-1.0, reader 1; p = 0.0611-1.0, reader 2). Microscopic fat, hemorrhage, cysts, infiltrative margins, perinephric fat invasion, renal vein invasion, enhancement homogeneity, and hypervascularity were each observed in less than 20% of cases by both readers. A central scar and segmental enhancement inversion (a recently described finding in which early contrast-enhanced images show relatively more enhanced and less enhanced intralesional components with inversion of their relative enhancement on later images) were observed by both readers in at least 10% of cases of both renal oncocytoma and of chromophobe RCC with no significant difference between the two entities (p = 0.2092-0.2960). CONCLUSION We have presented the largest series to date of the MRI features of both renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC. These related entities exhibited similar findings, and no MRI features were reliable in distinguishing between them.
Silicon sycophants: the effects of computers that flatter

A laboratory experiment examines the claims that (1) humans are susceptible to flattery from computers and (2) the effects of flattery from computers are the same as the effects of flattery from humans. In a cooperative task with a computer, subjects (N=41) received one of three types of feedback from a computer: “sincere praise”, “flattery” (insincere praise) or “generic feedback”. Compared to generic-feedback subjects, flattery subjects reported more positive affect, better performance, more positive evaluations of the interaction and more positive regard for the computer, even though subjects knew that the flattery from the computer was simply noncontingent feedback. Subjects in the sincere praise condition responded similarly to those in the flattery condition. The study concludes that the effects of flattery from a computer can produce the same general effects as flattery from humans, as described in the psychology literature. These findings may suggest significant implications for the design of interactive technologies.
Being a Catalyst of Innovation: The Role of Knowledge Diversity and Network Closure

Whereas recent research on organizational innovation suggests that there is an ecology of roles supporting the innovation process, the majority of network research has concentrated on the role of inventors. In this paper, we contribute to research on organizational innovation by studying the social structural conditions conducive to individuals supporting, facilitating, and promoting the innovativeness of their colleagues-a role we refer to as catalysts of innovation. We consider an individual's network position and the type of knowledge available to her through her network as key enabling conditions. We argue that the unique configuration of having access to diverse knowledge through a closed network enables individuals to act as innovation catalysts. Based on a study of 276 researchers in the research and development division of a large multinational high-tech company, we find strong support for our prediction and demonstrate that catalysts make important contributions to the innovative outputs of other researchers in terms of their colleagues' patent applications.
The reduction of cytochrome c by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.

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Across the Stream: An Ethnography of Biculturating

This study explores cross-cultural adaptation process from an ethnographic perspective. The data come from my own experience of adapting to a new culture and place, combined with the observations from numerous other individuals, international students and emigrants going through the same process. The biculturating patterns emerged through using Wolcott’s ethnographic techniques on data gathered primarily through observations, interviewing numerous international students and immigrants, and my own experience of moving across cultures over a decade in Northern Colorado. After summarizing the previous research, explaining the method and the culture, the paper describes biculturating patterns as acculturation, biculturating, and becoming bicultural. The interpretation and conclusion of the paper is that biculturation could not be studied in model. Biculturation is the outcome from the combination of the background of the settler, the motives for crossing cultures, and the host culture environment, where the motivation is the driving wheel of the process.
Effets de formation et dynamiques de l’espace d’intéressement

Pendant trois ans, des enseignants du Limousin ont conduit une recherche sur leurs ecoles, avec l’aide methodologique d’une equipe academique comprenant des chercheurs. Apres une rapide description du dispositif, l’article se focalise sur les effets de formation analyses apres-coup. Lors d’une enquete a posteriori, les acteurs ont ete conduits a expliciter les savoirs construits individuellement et collectivement et l’usage qu’ils en ont fait en situation professionnelle. La rapidite des reinvestissements qui ont soutenu et favorise la dynamique de recherche pendant les trois ans, montre la pertinence d’une analyse en termes « d’espace d’interessement ».
Mechanisms Linking Colorectal Cancer to the Consumption of (Processed) Red Meat: A Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The vast majority of CRC cases have been linked to environmental causes rather than to heritable genetic changes. Over the last decades, epidemiological evidence linking the consumption of red and, more convincingly, of processed red meat to CRC has accumulated. In parallel, hypotheses on carcinogenic mechanisms underlying an association between CRC and the intake of red and processed red meat have been proposed and investigated in biological studies. The hypotheses that have received most attention until now include (1) the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines, two groups of compounds recognized as carcinogenic, (2) the enhancing effect of (nitrosyl)heme on the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and lipid peroxidation. However, none of these hypotheses completely explains the link between red and processed red meat intake and the CRC risk. Consequently, scientists have proposed additional mechanisms or refined their hypotheses. This review first briefly summarizes the development of CRC followed by an in-depth overview and critical discussion of the different potential carcinogenic mechanisms underlying the increased CRC risk associated with the consumption of red and processed red meat.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Nocardia asteroides

Testing of the susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin, was performed by broth microdilution on 78 consecutive clinical isolates of Nocardia asteroides. Surprisingly, a limited number of patterns of susceptibility were identified that included all drug classes, with 95% of isolates exhibiting one of five patterns. One group (17%) exhibited resistance to the broad-spectrum cephalosporins, one group (18%) was susceptible to both ampicillin and erythromycin, one group (17%) was susceptible to ampicillin and carbenicillin but intermediate in susceptibility to imipenem, and the most common group (35%) was resistant to ampicillin but susceptible to the broad-spectrum cephalosporins and imipenem. The most active parenteral agents were amikacin (95%), imipenem (88%), ceftriaxone (82%), and cefotaxime (82%), while the most active oral agents were the sulfonamides (100%), minocycline (100%), and ampicillin (40%). Additional studies are needed to determine whether differences in beta-lactamases relate to varying beta-lactam resistance and whether taxonomic differences that correlate with the different susceptibility groups can be identified.
Análise comparativa de processos de desenvolvimento de software sob a luz da gestão do conhecimento: um estudo de caso de empresas mineiras

Resumo: A Gestao do Conhecimento e considerada como alternativa a outras praticas administrativas, convivendo bem com a atual estrategia de negocios das empresas, tendo como seu diferencial o auxilio na melhoria dos processos organizacionais. A interacao dos conhecimentos tacitos e explicitos para a criacao do conhecimento organizacional deve ser promovida e permanecer em consequente e continua melhoria. Diante disso, e reconhecendo que a engenharia de software esta intimamente orientada ao conhecimento e relacionada com a experiencia das pessoas envolvidas no processo, analisam-se tres empresas da regiao metropolitana de Belo Horizonte com tamanhos diferenciados, com o intuito de se verificar o real impacto do processo de desenvolvimento de software adotado sobre o conhecimento, em diferentes ambientes organizacionais. Para tanto, descrevem-se os modelos de gestao do conhecimento e de processos de desenvolvimento de softwares selecionados, relata-se a metodologia utilizada e os resultados alcancados, apontando a direcao para trabalhos futuros. Palavras-chave: Gestao do conhecimento, Engenharia de software, Processo de desenvolvimento de software, XP, RUP.
Pädagogik und Psychologie im Wörterbuch. Zur Normalität der Erziehungswissenschaft

Anhand einer Inhaltsanalyse von zwei Worterbuchern wird die Begrifflichkeit der Padagogik mit derjenigen der Psychologie verglichen. Es zeigen sich Differenzen in wissenschaftstheoretischer, methodischer und thematischer Hinsicht, die verstandlich machen, weshalb die Disziplinen nur schwer zueinander finden. Anders als die Psychologie, deren Begriffe von disziplin-immanenten Kriterien bestimmt werden, weist die Padagogik eine starke institutionelle und berufspraktische Orientierung auf. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf die Normalitat der Erziehungswissenschaft diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.) On the basis of a content analysis of two dictionaries, the terminology of pedagogy is compared to that of psychology. Differences in theoretical, methodological, and subject-related aspects are revealed which explain why the two disciplines have a hard time finding common ground. In contrast to psychology, the terms of which are determined by discipline-immanent criteria, pedagogy shows a strong institutional and profession-related practical orientation. The results are discussed with regard to the normality of educational science. (DIPF/Orig.)
Autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome: natural history of a disease due to COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene.

BACKGROUND Alport syndrome is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous nephropathy. The majority of cases are transmitted as an X-linked semidominant condition due to COL4A5 mutations. In this form males are more severely affected than females. Less than 10% of cases are autosomal recessive due to mutation in either COL4A3 or COL4A4. In this rarer form, both males and females are severely affected. Only two cases of autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome have been reported, one due to a COL4A3 mutation and the other due to a COL4A4 mutation. Because of the paucity of the reported families, the natural history of autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome is mostly unknown. METHODS Four families with likely autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome were investigated. COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes were analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Automated sequencing was performed to identify the underlying mutation. RESULTS Two families had a mutation in the COL4A4 gene and two in the COL4A3. Accurate clinical evaluation of family members showed interesting results. Affected individuals (22 persons) had a wide range of phenotypes from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the fifth decade to a nonprogressive isolated microhematuria. Finally, three heterozygous individuals (90, 22 and 11 years old, respectively) were completely asymptomatic. CONCLUSION This paper demonstrated that patients affected by autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome have a high clinical variability. Moreover, a reduced penetrance of about 90% (3 of 25) may be considered for the assessment of recurrence risk during genetic counseling of these families.
Tau mutations in familial frontotemporal dementia.

The discovery of close to 20 different mutations in the gene encoding the microtubule-associated protein tau in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) has shown that dysfunction of tau protein causes neurodegeneration and dementia (Hutton et al ., 1998; Poorkaj et al ., 1998; Spillantini et al ., 1998; reviewed in Spillantini et al ., 2000). It has implications for an understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). All these diseases are characterized neuropathologically by an abundant filamentous tau pathology in nerve cells and, for some, in glial cells. The paper by Stanford and colleagues published in this issue of Brain is the latest in a series of studies reporting novel mutations in the tau gene in FTDP-17 (Stanford et al ., 2000). It adds to our understanding of how tau mutations lead to neurodegeneration and throws light on the pathogenesis of PSP. Six tau isoforms are expressed in adult human brain by alternative mRNA splicing from a single gene (Fig. 1). They differ from each other by the presence or absence of three inserts encoded by exons 2, 3 and 10. Inclusion of exon 10 gives rise to the three tau isoforms with four repeats each. The other three isoforms have three repeats each. Normal adult human brain expresses similar levels of three- and four-repeat tau isoforms. The repeats and some adjoining sequences constitute the microtubule-binding domains of tau. Tau protein promotes microtubule assembly and binds to microtubules, which are stabilized as a result. Tau mutations in FTDP-17 are either missense, deletion or silent mutations …
Grip strength, postural control, and functional leg power in a representative cohort of British men and women: associations with physical activity, health status, and socioeconomic conditions.

BACKGROUND Understanding the health, behavioral, and social factors that influence physical performance in midlife may provide clues to the origins of frailty in old age and the future health of elderly populations. The authors evaluated muscle strength, postural control, and chair rise performance in a large representative prospective cohort of 53-year-old British men and women in relation to functional limitations, body size, health and activity, and socioeconomic conditions. METHODS Nurses interviewed 2984 men and women in their own homes in England, Scotland, and Wales and conducted physical examinations in 2956 of them. Objective measures were height, weight, and three physical performance tests: handgrip strength, one-legged standing balance time, and time to complete 10 chair rises. Functional limitations (difficulties walking, stair climbing, gripping, and falls), health status, physical activity, and social class were obtained using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS Those with the worst scores on the physical performance tests had higher rates of functional limitations for both upper and lower limbs. Women had much weaker handgrip strength, somewhat poorer balance time, and only slightly poorer chair rise time compared with men. In women, health problems and low levels of physical activity contributed to poor physical performance on all three measures. In men, physical activity was the predominant influence. Heavier weight and poorer socioeconomic conditions contributed to poorer balance and chair rise times. CONCLUSIONS In this representative middle-aged group, physical performance levels varied widely, and women were seriously disadvantaged compared with men. In general, physical performance was worse for men and women living in poorer socioeconomic conditions with greater body weight, poorer health status, and inactive lifestyles. These findings support recommendations for controlling excess body weight, effective health interventions, and the maintenance of active lifestyles during aging.
The usefulness of dynamically categorizing search results.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to determine whether dynamic categorization, a new technique for organizing search results, is more useful than the two existing organizational techniques: relevance ranking and clustering. They define a useful tool as one that helps users learn about the kinds of information that pertain to their query, find answers to their questions efficiently and easily, and feel satisfied with their search experience. DESIGN Fifteen patients with breast cancer and their family members completed query-related tasks using all three tools. The authors measured the time it took the subjects to accomplish their tasks, the number of answers to the query that the subjects found in four minutes, and the number of new answers that they could recall at the end of the study. Subjects also completed a user-satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS The results showed that patients with breast cancer and their family members could find significantly (P: < 0.05) more answers in a fixed amount of time and were significantly (P: < 0.05) more satisfied with their search experience when they used the dynamic categorization tool than when they used either the cluster tool or the ranking tool. Subjects indicated that the dynamic categorization tool provided an organization of search results that was more clear, easy to use, accurate, precise, and helpful than those of the other tools. CONCLUSION The experiments indicate that dynamic categorization is an effective and useful approach for organizing search results. Tools that use this technique will help patients and their families gain quick and easy access to important medical information.
Art-directed muscle simulation for high-end facial animation

We propose a new framework for the simulation of facial muscle and flesh that so significantly improves the technique that it allows for immediate mainstream use of anatomically and biomechanically accurate muscle models as a bread and butter technique in a high-end production quality pipeline. The key idea is to create a blendshape system for the muscles that gives the precise directability and controllability required in a high-end production environment. The blendshape muscles are used to drive the underlying anatomically and biomechanically motivated simulation in a way that is unbound by the typical restrictions of a simulation system while still retaining the desirable degree of freedom richness that leads to high quality results. We show that we are able to target production quality facial shapes, whether from scans or an animation system, and illustrate that the resulting nonlinear simulation in-betweens are of higher quality than those obtained from traditional linear blendshapes. We also demonstrate the ability to selectively improve areas on a given blendshape using the results of a simulation, as well as the ability to edit muscle shapes and paths in order to produce directability for animator control. Then, we show how these techniques can be used to transition from one blendshape to another or even track and selectively modify an entire performance. The efficacy of our system is further demonstrated by using it to retarget animation onto new creature models given only a single static rest pose as input.