Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fuzzy Lyapunov Function Approach to Positive Ll Observer Design for Positive Fuzzy Semi-Markovian Switching Systems With Its Application

This paper concerns a positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer for positive nonlinear semi-Markovian switching systems (MSSs) via the expansion of Taylor formula and the fuzzy Lyapunov function approach, in which semi-Markovian switching parameters, positivity, Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy, and external disturbance are all considered in a unified framework. A fuzzy Lyapunov function approach with less conservativeness is introduced into the research of positive systems. In the system under consideration, positive S-MSSs with the semi-Markovian process can describe more complex systems in a practical control process. The main motivation of this paper is that the practical system subject to positivity and abrupt changes can be described by positive nonlinear S-MSSs, which always needs to consider the external disturbance. First, by using the normalized membership function approach, positive nonlinear S-MSSs can be represented by local positive T–S fuzzy S-MSSs. Second, by constructing the fuzzy Lyapunov function, some sufficient conditions are proposed for stochastic stability and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-gain performance analysis, respectively. Then, a positive <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> observer in a novel standard linear programming condition is designed to guarantee the resulting closed–loop augmented system is positive and stochastically stable with a required <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-gain performance. Finally, a practical example about the epidemiological model is introduced to show the effectiveness of the main theory.
Magnetic field effects on the crust structure of neutron stars

We study the effects of high magnetic fields on the structure and on the geometry of the crust in neutron stars. We find that the crust geometry is substantially modified by the magnetic field inside the star. We build stationary and axis-symmetric magnetized stellar models by using well-known equations of state to describe the neutron star crust, namely the Skyrme model (Sky) for the inner crust and the Baym, Pethick, and Sutherland (BPS) equation of state for the outer crust. We show that the magnetic field has a dual role, contributing to the crust deformation via the electromagnetic interaction (manifested in this case as the Lorentz force) and by contributing to curvature due to the energy stored in it. We also study a direct consequence of the crust deformation due to the magnetic field: the thermal relaxation time. This quantity, which is of great importance to the thermal evolution of neutron stars is sensitive to the crust properties and, as such, we show that it may be strongly affected by the magnetic field.
Direct Assimilation of Radar Reflectivity without Tangent Linear and Adjoint of the Nonlinear Observation Operator in the GSI-Based EnVar System: Methodology and Experiment with the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Tornadic Supercell

AbstractA GSI-based EnVar data assimilation system is extended to directly assimilate radar reflectivity to initialize convective-scale forecasts. When hydrometeor mixing ratios are used as state variables (method mixing ratio), large differences of the cost function gradients with respect to the small hydrometeor mixing ratios and wind prevent efficient convergence. Using logarithmic mixing ratios as state variables (method logarithm) fixes this problem, but generates spuriously large hydrometeor increments partly due to the transform to and from the logarithmic space. The tangent linear of the reflectivity operators further contributes to spuriously small and large hydrometeor increments in method mixing ratio and method logarithm, respectively. A new method is proposed by directly adding the reflectivity as a state variable (method dBZ). Without the tangent linear and adjoint of the nonlinear operator, the new method therefore avoids the aforementioned problems.The newly proposed method is examined on .
HISTOGRAM-BASED METHOD FOR NO-REFERENCE MEASUREMENT OF GENERALIZED CONTRAST OF COMPLEX IMAGES

Background. Nowadays the task of automatically measuring of image quality in real time is extremely relevant for the vast majority of practical applications. No-reference quantitative assessment of image quality is one of the most pressing and difficult problems of image processing. Generalized contrast is the most important quantitative characteristic which determines the objective quality of the image. Currently, the development of new effective methods of no-reference measuring of generalized contrast for complex image in automatic mode with the level of computing costs, which are acceptable to implement the processing in real time, is one of the most urgent tasks of image preprocessing. Objective. Development of new histogram-based method for no-reference measurement of generalized contrast of complex (multi-element) images based on the average contrast of image elements (objects and background) for different definitions of contrast kernel. Methods. Analysis of known approaches to measurement of a local contrast of the image elements, of known methods of the quantitative assessment of generalized contrast of complex images as well as of the experimental research results for a series of complex real and test images allowed revealing inherent patterns (accordance to basic requirements to the definition of contrast, the nature and the dynamic of contrast changes at the linear transformations of the brightness scale), which are manifested depending on the use of the different definitions of the contrast kernels and the metrics of generalized contrast of images. Results. No-reference contrast metrics for the histogram-based measuring of generalized contrast of complex images based on the average contrast of image elements for different definitions of contrast kernel is proposed. Conclusions. Proposed no-reference metrics based on the average contrast of image elements for proposed contrast kernels allow providing accurate quantitative assessment (measurement) of generalized contrast of the real complex images and enable to evaluate (predict) with reasonable accuracy the perceived image quality at carrying out of subjective (qualitative) expert estimates.
In vitro and in vivo scolicidal action of pumpkin seed oil alone or combined with nitazoxanide and their alleviative effects on clinicopathological changes in experimentally infected rats with hydatid cyst protoscolices

: The current study aimed to evaluate the in vitro scolicidal action of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) alone or combined with nitazoxanide (NTZ). Also, the clinical efficacy and protective effect of PSO alone or combined with NTZ against complications of secondary hydatidosis were detected in vivo. Collected protoscolices (PSCs) from camels were exposed to concentrations of 10 µg/ml and 750 mg/ml from NTZ and PSO, respectively or their combination for 5-,15-, 30- and 60-min in vitro. Viability reduction and ultrastructure changes were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. Fifty-six rats were divided into eight equal groups: Groups1,2, negative and vehicle; group 3, received 500 PSCs of hydatid cyst intraperitoneally; group 4, received NTZ at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW; group 5, received PSO at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW; groups 68, animals infected as group 3 and treated as groups 4, 5 and their combination, respectively. Treatments continued orally for 14 days then samples collected for anti-echinococcus immunoglobulin G and cytokines estimation, hemato-biochemical study and histopathological examination. The combination treatment in vitro provoked greater scolicidal action and ultrastructural alterations in PSCs compared to the monotherapy. The combined treatment group produced effective scolicidal action in vivo, inhibited inflammatory condition, induced immunomodulatory effect and improved the alterations in hemato-biochemical parameters and histopathological picture in examined tissues. In conclusion, this treatment strategy may provide a new efficient and safe way for echinococcosis treatment in the future and may recommend the use it before, during and after surgical removal
Association between ultra-processed food intake and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Although some epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between high intake of ultra-processed food (UPF) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), the results remain inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between UPF intake and CRC risk. Methods PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wan fang databases were used to search the relevant studies published up to February 2023. The summary relative risks (RRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by comparing the highest category vs. the lowest category of UPF intake, using the random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method). Heterogeneity between studies was explored using the Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I2). Publication bias was assessed by examining the funnel plots, and quantified by Begg’s or Egger’s tests. Results A total of seven articles (three cohort and four case-control studies), involving 18,673 CRC cases and 462,292 participants, were included in our study. Combining nine effect sizes from seven articles, an increased risk of CRC was shown in the highest compared with the lowest category of UPF intake (RR = 1.26; 95%CI:1.14–1.38, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analyses showed a positive association between UPF intake and CRC risk in case–control studies (RR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.22–1.63, p < 0.0001). When we conducted analyses separately by study area, there was a significant association between UPF intake and CRC risk in developed countries (RR = 1.20; 95%CI: 1.11–1.30, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our results show that high UPF intake is significantly associated with a higher risk of CRC, in the absence, however, of a dose–response association. Further studies in particular of large prospective cohort studies are necessary to confirm these results.
Empowering parents: Understanding adolescents' psychological development through the psychoeducation program "Mengenal Remajaku"

Adolescents experience abrupt physical and psychological changes. These changes impacted adolescent behavior and the way adolescents respond to their environment. If parents do not understand the changes that occur in their adolescents, parents can experience difficulties in applying their parenting and eventually will impact the quality of the parent-child relationship. Parents need to be educated to understand the characteristics of adolescent development. Therefore, an Online workshop that aims to provide an understanding of the characteristics of adolescent development was conducted. The participant of this online workshop are parents who have adolescents. They were 26 parents aged 35-44 years (average 40.13 years) which were dominated by mothers (92.31%). This three-hour program used the online-zoom platform. It consists of lectures, question and answers session, small group discussions, and making an action plan to be implemented in relation to their adolescents. The results of the reaction evaluation showed that the participants perceived the program as interesting, fun, and useful. The material presented is considered good and applicable in accordance with the conditions of youth and the environment.
Field evaluation of low-cost electrochemical air quality gas sensors under extreme temperature and relative humidity conditions

Abstract. Modern electrochemical gas sensors hold great potential for improving practices in air quality (AQ) monitoring as their low cost, ease of operation and compact design can enable dense observational networks and mobile measurements. Despite that, however, numerous studies have shown that the performance of these sensors depends on a number of factors (e.g. environmental conditions, sensor quality, maintenance and calibration), thereby adding significant uncertainties in the reported measurements and large discrepancies from those recorded by reference-grade instruments. In this work we investigate the performance of electrochemical sensors, provided by two manufacturers (namely Alphasense and Winsen), for measuring the concentrations of CO, NO2, O3 and SO2. To achieve that we carried out collocated yearlong measurements with reference-grade instruments at a traffic AQ monitoring station in Nicosia, Cyprus, where temperatures ranged from ca. 0 ∘C in the winter to almost 45 ∘C in the summer. The CO sensors exhibit the best performance among all the ones we tested, having minimal mean relative error (MRE) compared to reference instruments (ca. −5 %), although a significant difference in their response was observed before and after the summer period. At the other end of the spectrum, the SO2 sensors reported concentration values that were at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the respective reference measurements (with MREs being more than 1000 % for Alphasense and almost 400 % for Winsen throughout the entire measurement period), which can be justified by the fact that the concentrations of SO2 at our measuring site were below their limit of detection. In general, variabilities in the environmental conditions (i.e. temperature and relative humidity) appear to significantly affect the performance of the sensors. When compared with reference instruments, the CO and NO2 electrochemical sensors provide measurements that exhibit increasing errors and decreasing correlations as temperature increases (from below 10 to above 30 ∘C) and RH decreases (from >75 % to below 30 %). Interestingly, the performance of the sensors was affected irreversibly during the hot summer period, exhibiting different responses before and after that, resulting in a signal deterioration that was more than twice that reported by the manufacturers. With the exception of the Alphasense NO2 sensor, all low-cost sensors (LCSs) exhibited measurement uncertainties that were much higher, even at the beginning of our measurement period, compared to those required for qualifying the sensors for indicative air quality measurements according to the respective European Commission (EC) Directive. Overall, our results show that the response of all LCSs is strongly affected by the environmental conditions, warranting further investigations on how they are manufactured, calibrated and employed in the field.
Neural encoding of the vertical plane in freely-moving rats

Grid cells produce a periodic hexagonal array of firing fields when the rat navigates on a horizontal 2D surface, and such regularity supports the hypothesis that they encode distances covered by the animal. This computation is thought to form the neural basis for path integration, and the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), where grid cells are mostly found, is now believed to play a major role for the establishment of a cognitive map in the brain. However, while grid cells on the horizontal plane are invariant across different environments (they provide fixed spatial metrics), it is currently not known whether those distances vary in 3D space. Previous findings suggested that grid cells may be substantially incapable to perform path integration in the vertical plane and this thesis aimed to test a number of hypothesis to explain such an impairment. These results show that grid cells are not affected by experience with 3D locomotion; they are modulated by the orientation of the locomotion plane and on a climbing wall they display heavily distorted firing patterns with expanded but fewer fields. Based on these findings, the hypothesis that the inconsistency between horizontal and vertical maps may be due to the miscomputation of instantaneous speed was suggested. Preliminary results support the view that the speed signal carried by speed cells (single-unit level) and LFP theta oscillation (large ensembles) was substantially reduced suggesting an underestimation of speed during climbing. Put together these results support the hypothesis that the speed signal plays a crucial role for the generation of a regular grid. In the vertical dimension the speed signal is reduced and such impairment drives grid cells to expand and become more irregular. Overall these results demonstrate that the neural representation of space is therefore not symmetrical across dimensions but is instead anisotropic.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS TRANSLANGUAGING STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION CLASSROOMS

This quantitative investigation delves into the employment of translanguaging strategies within classrooms of an English education study program at an Indonesian public university. As an emerging pedagogical approach in bilingual and multilingual educational settings, translanguaging encompasses the dynamic utilization of students' linguistic repertoires to bolster learning and communication. This study seeks to explore students' attitudes towards the enactment of translanguaging during their presentation and discussion sessions and assess its potential impact on their learning experiences. A purposive sample of 50 second and third-year undergraduate students majoring in English language education study, actively engaged in translanguaging practices during presentations and discussions, was selected for this study. Data collection entailed administering a survey questionnaire comprising Likert scale items formulated to evaluate students' attitudes towards translanguaging. The gathered data were analyzed employing descriptive statistical techniques. The findings reveal that participants exhibit a favorable attitude towards the practice of translanguaging in their presentation and discussion sessions. Students reported that translanguaging amplified their comprehension of subject matter, facilitated communication with peers, and cultivated a more inclusive and diverse learning environment. The study's results suggest that integrating translanguaging strategies within English education study program classrooms can positively impact students' learning experiences and foster a constructive attitude towards linguistic diversity. Further inquiry is recommended to probe the enduring effects of translanguaging practices on students' language competence and scholastic achievements, in addition to examining potential impediments and obstacles to implementing translanguaging across various educational contexts.
Analysis of the Incidence of Macrosomia in Japan by Parental Nationalities at 5-year Intervals From 1995 to 2020

Objectives We investigated trends in the incidence rate of macrosomia and its association with parental nationalities using Vital Statistics data in Japan. Methods We used singleton birth data every 5 years from 1995 to 2020. The incidence rate of macrosomia was calculated according to specific attributes (maternal age, infant’s sex, parental nationalities, parity, and household occupation) over time (years). In addition, a log-binomial model was used to investigate the relationship between the incidence of macrosomia and the attributes. This study compared Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries with Japan in terms of parental nationalities. “Other countries” indicates countries except for Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and Brazil. Results The study included 6 180 787 births. The rate of macrosomia in Japan decreased from 1.43% in 1995 to 0.88% in 2020, and the decrease was observed across all parental nationalities. The rates for Japanese parents were the lowest values among parental nationalities during the timespan investigated. Multivariate regression analysis showed that mothers from Korea, China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia than those from Japan (risk ratio, 1.91, 2.82, 1.59, 1.74, and 1.64, respectively). Furthermore, fathers from China, the Philippines, Brazil, and other countries had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia than those from Japan (risk ratio, 1.66, 1.38, 1.88, and 3.02, respectively). Conclusions The rate of macrosomia decreased from 1995 to 2020 in Japan for parents of all nationalities, and the risk of macrosomia incidence was associated with parental nationality.
The Stability Of Pexider Type Functional Equation In Intuitionistic Fuzzy Banach Spaces via Fixed Point Technique

The object of the present paper is to appraise generalization of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability theorem of the Pexider type functional equation f ( 2 x+y ) - f ( x+2 y ) = 3 g ( x ) - 3 h ( y ) . ( 1 ) in intuitionistic fuzzy Banach spaces . The stability results have been obtained by a fixed point method . This method shows that the stability is related to some fixed point of a suitable operator .
A Literature Review on Detecting, Verifying, and Mitigating Online Misinformation

— Social media use has transformed communication and made social interaction more accessible. Public microblogs allow people to share and access news through existing and social media created social connections as well as access to public news sources. These benefits also create opportunities for the spread of false information. False information online can mislead people, decrease the benefits derived from social media and reduce trust in genuine news. We divide false information into two categories: unintentional false information, also known as misinformation; and intentionally false information, also known as disinformation and fake news. Given the increasing prevalence of misinformation, it is imperative to address its dissemination on social media platforms. This survey focuses on six key aspects related to misinformation: (1) clarify the definition of misinformation to differentiate it from intentional forms of false information; (2) categorize proposed approaches to manage misinformation into three types: detection, verification, and mitigation; (3) review the platforms and languages for which these techniques have been proposed and tested (4); describe the specific features that are considered in each category; (5) compare public datasets created to address misinformation and categorize into prelabeled content-only datasets and those including users and their connections; (6) survey fact-checking websites that can be used to verify the accuracy of information. This survey offers a comprehensive and unprecedented review of misinformation, integrating various methodological approaches, datasets, and content-based, user-based, and network-based approaches, which will undoubtedly benefit future research in this field.
A Novel Zigzag SRAM Bitcell Design in the Complementary FET Framework

This article proposes a novel zigzag-cell design for the six-transistor static random access memory (SRAM) bitcell in the complementary field-effect transistor (CFET) framework. The zigzag-cell design not only maintains the aggressive area reduction but also allows for shorter bitlines, directly benefiting from the circuit layout changes caused by the CFET architecture. The specific layouts of the zigzag-cell design are introduced by incorporating them into two process flows with different complexity. The first assumed process flow contains only the essential steps of CFET SRAM, and according to which the zigzag-cell bitcell can achieve an area reduction of more than 20% over the thin-cell bitcell. Moreover, the performance of zigzag-cell SRAM is also improved by 4.6% and 16.3% in read time and write margin, respectively. Following the second more complicated process flow, the zigzag-cell design does not offer further area reduction compared with the thin-cell design, but it needs fewer metal layers. The proposed design is a promising choice for the CFET SRAM bitcell layout.