Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chlamydial Protease-Like Activity Factor Induces Protective Immunity against Genital Chlamydial Infection in Transgenic Mice That Express the Human HLA-DR4 Allele

ABSTRACT There is no licensed vaccine available against Chlamydia trachomatis, the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease. We have found that intranasal immunization with recombinant chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF) induces CD4+ T-cell- and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-dependent protective immunity against murine genital chlamydial infection, thus making CPAF a viable vaccine candidate for further characterization. HLA-DR4 is the predominant allele involved in chlamydial antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells in humans. We used engineered mice that lack endogenous major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) alleles but express a human HLA allele (HLA-DR4 transgenic [tg] mice) to examine primary immune and CPAF-mediated responses against genital Chlamydia muridarum challenge. Upon primary bacterial exposure, HLA-DR4 tg mice developed Chlamydia-specific IFN-γ and antibody production and resolved the infection within 30 days, similar to challenged conventional C57BL/6 animals. Moreover, C. muridarum-challenged HLA-DR4 tg mice exhibited CPAF-specific antibody and IFN-γ production. Upon CPAF-plus-interleukin-12 (IL-12) vaccination, HLA-DR4 tg animals exhibited robust CPAF-specific IFN-γ production and elevated titers of anti-CPAF total antibody and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and lower titers of IgG2b and IgG1 antibodies. HLA-DR4 tg and C57BL/6 mice vaccinated with CPAF plus IL-12 resolved the primary genital chlamydial infection significantly earlier than mock-immunized animals, whereas similarly vaccinated MHC class II-deficient mice displayed minimal antigen-specific immune responses and failed to resolve the infection even at 30 days postchallenge. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of human HLA-DR4 molecules in the recognition and presentation of CPAF epitopes, leading to the generation of protective antichlamydial immunity and making these mice a valuable model for mapping HLA-DR4-restricted chlamydial epitopes.
Are metallic A-F giants evolved Am stars? Rotation and rate of binaries among giant F stars

We test the hypothesis of Berthet (1992) which foresees that Am stars become giant metallic A and F stars (dened by an enhanced value of the blanketing parameter m2 of the Geneva photometry) when they evolve. If this hypothesis is right, Am and metallic A-FIII stars need to have the same rate of binaries and a similar dis- tribution of v sini. From our new spectroscopic data and from v sini and radial velocities in the literature, we show that it is not the case. The metallic giant stars are of- ten fast rotators with v sini larger than 100 km s 1 , while the maximum rotational velocity for Am stars is about 100 km s 1 . The rate of tight binaries with periods less than 1000 days is less than 30% among metallic giants, which is incompatible with the value of 75% for Am stars (Abt & Levy 1985). Therefore, the simplest way to explain the existence of giant metallic F stars is to suggest that all normal A and early F stars might go through a short \metallic" phase when they are nishing their life on the main sequence. Besides, it is shown that only giant stars with spec- tral type comprised between F0 and F6 may have a really enhanced m2 value, while all A-type giants seem to be normal.
Atlas.ti for qualitative data analysis : research paper

In this article I discuss a variety of theoretical and conceptual dimensions of Atlas.ti (Muhr, 1994, 1997a, 1997b). I draw on my own Atlas.ti experiences (Smit, 2001), and discuss advantages and disadvantages of using computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) (Lee & Fielding, 1995). How can the quality of a research project be enhanced and how will the end product be affected? These are some questions I intend to answer. Firstly, I introduce qualitative data analysis in general. Secondly, I discuss the relevance of computer-aided qualitative data analysis software in qualitative research and how Atlas.ti, focuses on coding procedures, (cf. Miles & Huberman, 1994; Dey, 1993) which supports a grounded theory approach for data analysis. Thirdly, I illustrate some facets of my Atlas.ti project and explain some technical aspects, such as the VISE principles, visualisation, integration, serendipity and exploration as the main strategic modes of operation that may enhance the quality in the data analysis.
The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences

Capturing a scientific change in thinking about personality and individual differences that has been building over the past 15 years, this volume stands at an important moment in the development of psychology as a discipline. Rather than viewing individual differences as merely the raw material upon which selection operates, the contributing authors provide theories and empirical evidence which suggest that personality and individual differences are central to evolved psychological mechanisms and behavioral functioning. The book draws theoretical inspiration from life history theory, evolutionary genetics, molecular genetics, developmental psychology, personality psychology, and evolutionary psychology, while utilizing the theories of the "best and the brightest" international scientists working on this cutting edge paradigm shift. In the first of three sections, the authors analyze personality and the adaptive landscape; here, the authors offer a novel conceptual framework for examing "personality assessment adaptations. " Because individuals in a social environment have momentous consquences for creating and solving adaptive problems, humans have evolved "difference-detecting mechanisms" designed to make crucial social decisions such as mate selection, friend selection, kin investment, coalition formation, and hierarchy negotiation. In the second section, the authors examine developmental and life-history theoretical perspectives to explore the origins and development of personality over the lifespan. The third section focuses on the relatively new field of evolutionary genetics and explores which of the major evolutionary forces-such as balancing selection, mutation, co-evolutionary arms races, and drift-are responsible for the origins of personality and individual differences. Existing as a seminal work in the newly emerging evolutionary psychology field, this book is a "must-read" for anyone invested in the development of psychology as a field.
Time Course of Evoked-potential Changes in Different Forms of Anomia in Aphasia

Impaired word production after brain damage can be due to impairment at lexical–semantic or at lexical–phonological levels of word encoding. These processes are thought to involve different brain regions and to have different time courses. The present study investigated the time course of electrophysiological correlates of anomia in 16 aphasic speakers, divided in two subgroups according to their anomic pattern (8 with lexical–semantic impairment and 8 with lexical–phonological impairment), in comparison to 16 healthy control subjects performing the same picture naming task. Differences in amplitudes and in topographic maps between groups were differently distributed when the whole heterogeneous group of aphasic patients was compared to the control group and when the two more homogeneous subgroups of anomic patients were analyzed. The entire aphasic group expressed different waveforms and topographic patterns than the control group starting about 100 msec after picture presentation. When two subgroups of aphasic patients are considered according to the underlying cognitive impairment, early event-related potential (ERP) abnormalities (100–250 msec) appeared only in the lexical–semantic subgroup, whereas later ERP abnormalities (300–450 msec) occurred only in the lexical–phonological subgroup. These results indicate that the time windows of ERP abnormalities vary depending on the underlying anomic impairment. Moreover, the findings give support to current hypotheses on the time course of processes involved in word production during picture naming.
Infra-humanization: The wall of group differences

Infra-humanizing outgroups involves considering outgroups less human and more animal-like than the ingroup, which is perceived, in essence, as fully human. In this article, the first section presents the theoretical background of infra-humanization and distinguishes it from related concepts, such as dehumanization. The three basic hypotheses of the theory are then presented with a summary of empirical evidence. Social implications follow. Reasons for the pervasiveness of the phenomenon are examined as well as conditions that lead a specific outgroup to be infra-humanized. We also explore the consequences of infra-humanization, such as a lack of forgiveness for the outgroup and the ingroup's justification for past misdeeds against the outgroup, rather than guilt. Policy issues center on ways to combat essentialism, walls of difference between groups, and irrational symbols of superiority. The roles of egalitarian values and of deprovincialized intergroup contact are emphasized.
An Evaluative Study on Tourism in Bangladesh

The study sought to examine the impact of Kuria clans’ categorization on perceived similarities and differences among clan and its contribution on inter-clan prejudice. The used in this study were collected from sixty six respondents who were purposively selected from government officials and members of the Kira, Nchari and Renchoka using interview and focus group discussion. The findings indicated that categorization has laid the feeling of indifferences and prejudice among the Kuria clans. The findings also indicated that the deep rooted perceptions of differences have caused each clan to perceive itself as an independent tribe and not clan of the same Kuria ethnic group. Additionally, categorization has lead clan groups to share the available resources based on the existing groups. This evokes prejudices and inter-clan competition over resources which consequently lead to inter- clan conflict. It was concluded that strategies such as seminars, use of media and integrated education can be used to reduce the perceived inter clan differences, cultivate inclusive identity and increase inter clan social cohesion. Key Words: Categorization, Similarities, Differences, Prejudice, Conflicts.
Treatment of recurrent depression

ContributorsIntroduction to the Review of Psychiatry SeriesChapter 1. Recurrent depression and its overwhelming burdenChapter 2. Recurrent depression in women throughout the life spanChapter 3. Chronic and recurrent depression: Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy combinationsChapter 4. Prevention of recurrences in patients with bipolar disorder: The best of the old and the newChapter 5. New depression treatment strategies: What does the future hold for therapeutic uses of minimally invasive brain stimulation? Chapter 6. Clinical prevention of recurrent depression: The need for paradigm shiftsIndex
Dynamic Function Placement in Active Storage Clusters (CMU-CS-99-140)

Optimally partitioning application and filesystem functionality within a cluster of clients and servers is a difficult problem due to dynamic variations in application behavior, resource availability and workload mixes. This paper presents ABACUS, a run-time system that monitors and dynamically changes function placement for applications that manipulate large data sets. Several examples of data-intensive workloads are used to show the importance of proper function placement and its dependence on dynamic runtime characteristics, with performance differences frequently reaching 2–10X. We evaluate how well the ABACUS prototype adapts to run-time system behavior, including both long-term variation (e.g., filter selectivity) and short-term variation (e.g., multi-phase applications and inter-application resource contention). Our experiments with ABACUS indicate that it is possible to adapt in all of these situations and that the adaptation converges most quickly in those cases where the performance impact is most significant. This research is sponsored by DARPA/ITO through DARPA Order D306, and issued by Indian Head Division, NSWC under contract N00174–96–0002. Additional support was provided by the member companies of the Parallel Data Consortium, including: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, Quantum, Seagate Technology, Siemens, Storage Technology, Wind River Systems, 3Com Corporation, Data General/Clariion, and LSI Logic.
Inspiring and Challenging Laboratory Exercise in Multivariable Control Theory – The Four-rotor Helicopter

Engineering students in a module on multivariable control theory are given a laboratory exercise for developing their skills in practical implementation of control systems. This is done in an effort to create a more complete module that gives the students experiences in the practical sides of implementing control systems, while still being theoretically challenging and inspiring. Presenting students with this kind of real-life challenges like sub-optimal models, limited processing time and large degree of uncertainty, is a challenging task, partly due to the need of adapting the level of complexity to the student or group of students doing the exercise in order to keep them engaged throughout the exercise, and in part due to the university’s need to reduce expenses related to the administration, supervision, and execution of laboratory exercises. The possibility of adapting the complexity of the exercise to each student’s skill level is important, both through the design of the exercise and through the students choosing between different models. The eager student might be tempted by the better performing, but more complex models, while the struggling student can find satisfaction in stabilising the aircraft using the less complex models. The laboratory setup presented uses low-cost components, giving low investment and maintenance costs.
Science for managing ecosystem services: Beyond the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) introduced a new framework for analyzing social–ecological systems that has had wide influence in the policy and scientific communities. Studies after the MA are taking up new challenges in the basic science needed to assess, project, and manage flows of ecosystem services and effects on human well-being. Yet, our ability to draw general conclusions remains limited by focus on discipline-bound sectors of the full social–ecological system. At the same time, some polices and practices intended to improve ecosystem services and human well-being are based on untested assumptions and sparse information. The people who are affected and those who provide resources are increasingly asking for evidence that interventions improve ecosystem services and human well-being. New research is needed that considers the full ensemble of processes and feedbacks, for a range of biophysical and social systems, to better understand and manage the dynamics of the relationship between humans and the ecosystems on which they rely. Such research will expand the capacity to address fundamental questions about complex social–ecological systems while evaluating assumptions of policies and practices intended to advance human well-being through improved ecosystem services.
Clinical applications of the adult attachment interview

Part I: The AAI in Clinical Context. H. Steele, M. Steele, The Clinical Relevance of the AAI. Hesse, Main, Goldwyn, Reflecting on the Move to the Level of Representation. van IJzendoorn, Bakermans-Kranenburg, The Distribution of Adult Attachment Representations in Clinical Groups: A Meta-analytic Search for Patterns of Attachment. Part II: Intervention Research with Mothers, Infants, and Toddlers. Heinicke, Levine, The AAI Anticipates the Outcome of a Relation-based Early Intervention. Teti, Killeen, Candelaria, Miller, Reiner Hess, O'Connell, Adult Attachment, Parental Commitment to Early Intervention, and Developmental Outcomes in an African American Sample. Toth, Rogosch, Cicchetti, Attachment-theory-informed Intervention and Reflective Functioning in Depressed Mothers. Part III: Parent-Infant Relationships, Adolescents, and Adults in Psychotherapy. Jones, The AAI as a Clinical Tool. Baradon, M. Steele, Integrating the AAI in the Clinical Process of Psychoanalytic Parent-Infant Psychotherapy in a Case of Relational Trauma. Ivarsson, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Adolescence: An AAI Perspective. Ammaniti, Dazzi, Muscetta, The AAI in a Clinical Context: Some Experiences and Illustrations. Diamond, Yeomans, Clarkin, Levy, Kernberg, The Reciprocal Impact of Attachment and Transference-focused Psychotherapy with Borderline Patients. Part IV: The AAI and Trauma. S. G. de Millan, S. Millan, The AAI and its Contribution to a Therapeutic Intervention Project for Violent, Traumatized and Suicidal Cases. Stovall-McClough, Cloitre, McClough, Adult Attachment and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women with Histories of Childhood Abuse. Crowell, Hauser, AAIs in a High-risk Sample: Stability and Relation to Functioning from Adolescence to 39 Years. Moran, Bailey, Gleason, DeOliveira, Pederson, Exploring the Mind Behind Unresolved Attachment: Lessons From and For Attachment-based Interventions with Infants and Their Traumatized Mothers. Melnick, Finger, Hans, Patrick, Lyons-Ruth, Hostile-helpless States of Mind in the AAI: A Proposed Additional AAI Category with Implications for Identifying Disorganized Infant Attachment in High-risk Samples. Part V: The AAI, Foster Care, and Adoptive Placements. M. Steele, Hodges, Kanuik, H. Steele, Hillman, Asquith, Forecasting Outcomes in Previously Maltreated Children: The Use of the AAI in a Longitudinal Adoption Study. Bick, Dozier, Helping Foster Parents Change: The Role of Parental State of Mind. Jacobvitz, Afterword.
Tagging Spoken Language Using Written Language Statistics

This paper reports on two experiments with a probabilistic part-of-speech tagger, trained on a tagged corpus of written Swedish, being used to tag a corpus of (transcribed) spoken Swedish. The results indicate that with very little adaptations an accuracy rate of 85% can be achieved, with an accuracy rate for known words of 90%. In addition, two different treatments of pauses were explored but with no significant gain in accuracy under either condition.
Information system metaphors

Metaphors are useful because they are efficient: they transfer a complex of meaning in a few words. Information systems are social constructs. Therefore, metaphors seem to be especially useful for explaining the space of possible meaning complexes or designs of information systems. Three information system metaphors and the associated meaning complexes are explained: the mill, the cell, and the mind. An information system as a mill is characterized by the efficient processing of large quantities of information. The processing has to be done using fixed, that is, invariant, rules en patterns that may be very complex. An information system as a cell is characterized by its fluent and adequate interaction with people. The information system consists of objects that take care of preserving their own integrity and that react on events. The cell metaphor is characterized by interaction and integrity. The information system as a mind appears as an intelligent assistant embodying that mind. An information system as a mind is characterized by capabilities like knowledge use, autonomy and learning. These three metaphors can be combined, and are combined, in real-life organizations.
Trajectory Reconstruction Using Long Sequences of Digital Images From an Omnidirectional Camera

Wir prasentieren einen Ansatz, um lange Bildfolgen einer omnidirektionalen Kamera mittels Bundelausgleichung auszuwerten. Wir nutzen Bilder des Multikamerasystems Ladybug3 von PointGrey, welches aus sechs Einzelkameras besteht. Die gegenseitige Uberdeckung aufeinanderfolgender Bilder ist gros; Verknupfungen zwischen weit entfernten Bildern kommen nur uber Schleifenschlusse zustande. Zwei Probleme sind zu losen: (1) Die Bundelausgleichung muss Bilder einer omnidirektionalen Kamera verarbeiten und (2) Ausreissersuche und Naherungswertbestimmung mussen mit der speziellen Aufnahmegeometrie umgehen konnen. Wir losen Problem (1) indem wir die Einzelkameras der Ladybug zu einer virtuellen Kamera zusammenfassen und fur die Bundelausgleichung ein spharisches Modell verwenden. Die Ausreisserdetektion (2) erfolgt uber lokale Bundelausgleichungen benachbarter Bilder und anschliesende robuste Gesamtbundelausgleichung. Ein Inertialnavigationssystem liefert die benotigten Naherungswerte fur die Kamerapositionen. We present a method to perform bundle adjustment using long sequences of digital images from an omnidirectional camera. We use the Ladybug3 camera from PointGrey, which consists of six individual cameras pointing in different directions. There is large overlap between successive images but only a few loop closures provide connections between distant camera positions. We face two challenges: (1) to perform a bundle adjustment with images of an omnidirectional camera and (2) implement outlier detection and estimation of initial parameters for the geometry described above. Our program combines the Ladybug’s individual cameras to a single virtual camera and uses a spherical imaging model within the bundle adjustment, solving problem (1). Outlier detection (2) is done using bundle adjustments with small subsets of images followed by a robust adjustment of all images. Approximate values in our context are taken from an on-board inertial navigation system.
Measuring and reporting the effect of an intervention: relative measures

Criteriaforcomparisonsoftwoormoreinterventionsmustbeclearlystatedwhendesigningsuchstudies.Oftenthe aim of the intervention is to prevent an undesirableevent (e.g., a bleed) and patients are simply classiﬁed ashavingexperienceditornot,givingabinaryresponse.Theprobability that patients who receive the experimentaltreatment experience the event is denoted by
Cyclic partitions of complete nonuniform hypergraphs and complete multipartite hypergraphs

A {\em cyclic $q$-partition} of a hypergraph $(V,E)$ is a partition of the edge set $E$ of the form $\{F,F^\theta,F^{\theta^2}, \ldots, F^{\theta^{q-1}}\}$ for some permutation $\theta$ of the vertex set $V$. Let $V_n = \{ 1,2,\ldots,n\}$. For a positive integer $k$, $V_n\choose k$ denotes the set of all $k$-subsets of $V_n$. For a nonempty subset $K$ of $V_{n-1}$, we let $\mathcal{K}_n^{(K)}$ denote the hypergraph $\left(V_n, \bigcup_{k\in K} {V_n\choose k}\right)$. In this paper, we find a necessary and sufficient condition on $n, q$ and $k$ for the existence of a cyclic $q$-partition of $\mathcal{K}_n^{(V_{k})}$. In particular, we prove that if $p$ is prime then there is a cyclic $p^{\alpha}$-partition of $\mathcal{K}^{(V_k)}_n$ if and only if $p^{\alpha + \beta}$ divides $n$, where $\beta = \lfloor \log_p k\rfloor$. As an application of this result, we obtain two sufficient conditions on $n_1,n_2,\ldots,n_t, k$, $\alpha$ and a prime $p$ for the existence of a cyclic $p^\alpha$-partition of the complete $t$-partite $k$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal K^{(k)}_{n_1,n_2,\ldots,n_t}$.