Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent broadcast in wireless ad hoc networks using live packet information

Broadcasting is one of the most important operations for wireless ad hoc networks. A conventional broadcast method is to flood packets where each node rebroadcasts received packets. This approach is simple and reliable, but it suffers from the problems of network congestion, resource contention and signal collision. In this paper we propose new approaches to improve broadcast efficiency by stamping the information of visited nodes and their neighbor knowledge along the broadcasted packets. The live packet information is utilized intelligently to reduce broadcast redundancy in wireless ad hoc networks. Several stamping schemes are evaluated and the simulation results show that they can improve broadcast efficiency very significantly.
The impact of ICT sophistication on geographically distant networks: the case of space physics as seen from France

This paper examines scientific collaboration between French public research teams and distant partners. We first analyse the role and the development of trust and then, the relation between the degree of sophistication of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the constraint of geographical proximity. In that purpose, we present a typology of the different kinds of knowledge and a classification of technologies. A case study in the field of space physics allows us to confront our theoretical elements to real life. We study the evolution of ICT sophistication parallel to collaboration patterns. Finally, we give some recommendations for public funding of virtual networks.
CORPORATE DIVIDEND PAY-OUT BEHAVIOUR IN AN EMERGING MARKET: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN / LE COMPORTAMENT DE LA SOCIÉTÉ DANS LA DISTRIBUTION DES DIVIDENDS DANS UN MARCHE EMERGENT: LE CAS DU PAKISTAN

The modified Lintner dividend model is applied to firms in the emerging capital market of Pakistan with a purpose to empirically explain the aggregate corporate dividend pay out behaviour during 1964-90. The post-tax prof its and change in share price index explain the aggregate dividend behaviour significantly. Institutional reforms observed during the 80's impact positively on dividend behaviour. However in Pakistan, firms are under less pressure to declare dividend due to easy accessibility of capital through institutional sources. LE COMPORTAMENT DE LA SOCIETE DANS LA DISTRIBUTION DES DIVIDENDS DANS UN MARCHE EMERGENT: LE CAS DU PAKISTAN Resume Le" Lintner dividend model" est applique aux societes du marche emergent du Pakistan avec le but d'expliquer empiriquement le comportement global des entreprises dans la distribution des dividendes dans les annees 1964-90. Le profit apres-taxes et le changement de I'indice des prix des actions expliquent significativement le comportement global des societes dans la distribution des dividends. Les reformes institutionnelles observes pendant les annees '80 influencentpositivement /'orientation des societes dans la distribution des dividendes. En tout cas, en Pakistan, les societes sont moins sollicites a declarer les dividendes a cause de la facilite d'acces au credit des sources institutionnelles.
Effect of early treatment with transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation (TEDS) on pulmonary inflammation induced by bleomycin

Background Bleomycin (B) is an antineoplastic drug that has pulmonary fibrosis as a side effect. There are few experimental studies about the effects of physical therapy treatment in this case. Objective The objective was to study rat lungs treated with B and precocious intervention by transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation (TEDS). Method Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=5): a control group (C); a stimulated group (TEDS); a group treated with a single dose of B (intratracheally, 2.5 mg/kg) (B); and a group treated with B and electric stimulation (B + TEDS). After the B instillation, the electrical stimulation was applied for 7 days, for a duration of 20 minutes. Lung fragments were histologically processed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and 8-isoprostane-PGF2α (8-iso-PGF2α). The density of the alveolar area was determined by planimetry, the inflammatory profile was defined by the number of cells, and the level of oxidative stress in the pulmonary tissue was evaluated by 8-iso-PGF2α. For statistical analysis of the data, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, followed by a one-way ANOVA with the post-hoc Bonferroni test (p≤0.05). Results The B group exhibited a significant reduction in the area density, and the acute treatment with B + TEDS prevented this reduction. There were increased numbers of fibroblasts, leukocytes, and macrophages in the B group, as well as increased lipid peroxidation, which was observed only in this group. Conclusion B promoted a reduction in the alveolar density area, thereby inducing the inflammatory process and increasing the production of free radicals. These effects were minimized by the application of TEDS at the initial treatment stage.
Efficient Full Duplex Links for Long Distance Wireless Mesh Networks

The paper addresses the design of long distance wireless mesh networks (LDWMNs) and deals with implementing and managing wireless links in the wireless mesh backbone. The paper first examines the features of LDWMNs and some issues they impose. Then, the paper describes a solution based on the use of full duplex wireless links and discusses the way these links are implemented and managed to overcome the previously identified problems.
Remote ischaemic preconditioning down-regulates kinin receptor expression in neutrophils of patients undergoing heart surgery.

OBJECTIVES Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) may protect distant organs against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated the impact of RIPC on kinin receptor expression in neutrophils following RIPC in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS Patients undergoing elective CABG with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomized to RIPC (n = 15) or control (n = 15) groups. The study group underwent RIPC by inflation of a blood pressure cuff on the arm. Expression of kinin receptors, plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and neutrophil elastase were determined at baseline (before RIPC/sham), immediately before surgery (after RIPC/sham) and 30 min and 24 h after surgery. Plasma bradykinin levels were assessed before and after RIPC/sham, and at 30 min, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Serum creatine kinase (CK), troponin I, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate levels were measured immediately prior to surgery and 30 min, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS Kinin B2 receptor expression did not differ between the groups at baseline (pre-RIPC), but was significantly lower in the RIPC group than in the control group after RIPC/sham (P < 0.05). Expressions of both kinin B1 and B2 receptors were significantly down-regulated in the RIPC group, and this persisted to 24 h after surgery (P < 0.001). Neutrophil elastase levels were significantly increased after surgery. There were no differences in CK, CRP, cytokine, lactate or troponin I levels between the groups. CONCLUSIONS RIPC down-regulated the expression of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in neutrophils of patients undergoing CABG.
Q A ] 8 S ep 2 00 4 The H-Covariant Strong Picard Groupoid

The notion of H-covariant strong Morita equivalence is introduced for ∗-algebras over C = R(i) with an ordered ring R which are equipped with a ∗-action of a Hopf ∗-algebra H . This defines a corresponding H-covariant strong Picard groupoid which encodes the entire Morita theory. Dropping the positivity conditions one obtains H-covariant ∗-Morita equivalence with its H-covariant ∗-Picard groupoid. We discuss various groupoid morphisms between the corresponding notions of the Picard groupoids. Moreover, we realize several Morita invariants in this context as arising from actions of the H-covariant strong Picard groupoid. Crossed products and their Morita theory are investigated using a groupoid morphism from the H-covariant strong Picard groupoid into the strong Picard groupoid of the crossed products. E-mail: Stefan.Jansen@physik.uni-freiburg.de E-mail: Stefan.Waldmann@physik.uni-freiburg.de
Chronic Inactivation of a Neural Circuit Enhances LTP by Inducing Silent Synapse Formation

Chronic inactivation of a neural network is known to induce homeostatic upregulation of synaptic strength, a form of synaptic plasticity that differs from Hebbian-type synaptic plasticity in that it is not input-specific, but involves all synapses of an individual neuron. However, it is unclear how homeostatic and Hebbian synaptic plasticity interact in the same neuron. Here we show that long-term potentiation (LTP) at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses is greatly enhanced in cultured mouse hippocampal slices after chronic (60 h) network-activity blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX). This increase in LTP is not due to an altered synaptic NMDA receptor composition or presynaptic function. Instead, we found that silencing neural network activity not only increases the abundance of both AMPA and NMDA receptors at existing synapses as previously described, but also promotes the presence of new glutamatergic synapses that contain only NMDA receptors—a class of synapses that are functionally silent due to the absence of AMPA receptors. Induction of LTP in TTX-treated neurons leads to insertion of AMPA receptors into the silent synapses, thereby “switching on” these silent synapses, which produces the observed enhancement of LTP magnitude. Our findings suggest that homeostatic synaptic plasticity manifests not only in the adjustment of the strength of existing synapses, but also in the modulation of new synapse formation/maintenance. Moreover, presence of new but functionally silent synapses enables more robust LTP to occur through rapid conversion of silent synapses to active synapses, resulting in a stronger input-specific modulation of synapses following prolonged network silencing.
Local 4/5-law and energy dissipation anomaly in turbulence

A strong local form of the `4/3-law' in turbulent flow has been proved recently by Duchon and Robert for a triple moment of velocity increments averaged over both a bounded spacetime region and separation vector directions, and for energy dissipation averaged over the same spacetime region. Under precisely stated hypotheses, the two are proved to be proportional, by a constant 4/3, and to appear as a non-negative defect measure in the local energy balance of singular (distributional) solutions of the incompressible Euler equations. Here, we prove that the energy defect measure can also be represented by a triple moment of purely longitudinal velocity increments and by a mixed moment with one longitudinal and two tranverse velocity increments. Thus, we prove that the traditional 4/5- and 4/15-laws of Kolmogorov hold in the same local sense as demonstrated for the 4/3-law by Duchon–Robert.
Phytoplankton Productivity in an Arctic Fjord (West Greenland): Estimating Electron Requirements for Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Production

Accurate quantification of pelagic primary production is essential for quantifying the marine carbon turnover and the energy supply to the food web. Knowing the electron requirement (Κ) for carbon (C) fixation (Κ C) and oxygen (O2) production (Κ O2), variable fluorescence has the potential to quantify primary production in microalgae, and hereby increasing spatial and temporal resolution of measurements compared to traditional methods. Here we quantify Κ C and Κ O2 through measures of Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry, C fixation and O2 production in an Arctic fjord (Godthåbsfjorden, W Greenland). Through short- (2h) and long-term (24h) experiments, rates of electron transfer (ETRPSII), C fixation and/or O2 production were quantified and compared. Absolute rates of ETR were derived by accounting for Photosystem II light absorption and spectral light composition. Two-hour incubations revealed a linear relationship between ETRPSII and gross 14C fixation (R2 = 0.81) during light-limited photosynthesis, giving a Κ C of 7.6 ± 0.6 (mean ± S.E.) mol é (mol C)−1. Diel net rates also demonstrated a linear relationship between ETRPSII and C fixation giving a Κ C of 11.2 ± 1.3 mol é (mol C)−1 (R2 = 0.86). For net O2 production the electron requirement was lower than for net C fixation giving 6.5 ± 0.9 mol é (mol O2)−1 (R2 = 0.94). This, however, still is an electron requirement 1.6 times higher than the theoretical minimum for O2 production [i.e. 4 mol é (mol O2)−1]. The discrepancy is explained by respiratory activity and non-photochemical electron requirements and the variability is discussed. In conclusion, the bio-optical method and derived electron requirement support conversion of ETR to units of C or O2, paving the road for improved spatial and temporal resolution of primary production estimates.
Demo: Real-time Ethernet in-car backbones: First insights into an automotive prototype

The communication infrastructure of today's automobiles forms a complex composition of heterogeneously interconnected components. At the same time, demands for higher bandwidth and low-latency communication are emerging from chassis control, camera based driver assistance and infotainment that cannot be accommodated by established technologies. A new approach towards a flexible highly scalable network is real-time Ethernet. The RECBAR research project develops and evaluates concepts and technologies for next-generation in-car backbones. In this demo we show a prototype based on a 2014 Volkswagen Golf 7 series car additionally equipped with high-bandwidth sensors, such as HD cameras and 3D laser scanners. The car uses a backbone network utilising time-triggered real-time Ethernet for the deterministic transmission of messages with hard realtime as well as rate-limiting and best-effort frames for messages with relaxed timing requirements. On the physical layer the setup utilises the OPEN Alliance 100Mbit/s BroadR-Reach (OABR or 100 BASE-T1) in addition to 100BASE-TX.
Multi-modal Mutual Topic Reinforce Modeling for Cross-media Retrieval

As an important and challenging problem in the multimedia area, multi-modal data understanding aims to explore the intrinsic semantic information across different modalities in a collaborative manner. To address this problem, a possible solution is to effectively and adaptively capture the common cross-modal semantic information by modeling the inherent correlations between the latent topics from different modalities. Motivated by this task, we propose a supervised multi-modal mutual topic reinforce modeling (M$^3$R) approach, which seeks to build a joint cross-modal probabilistic graphical model for discovering the mutually consistent semantic topics via appropriate interactions between model factors (e.g., categories, latent topics and observed multi-modal data). In principle, M$^3$R is capable of simultaneously accomplishing the following two learning tasks: 1) modality-specific (e.g., image-specific or text-specific ) latent topic learning; and 2) cross-modal mutual topic consistency learning. By investigating the cross-modal topic-related distribution information, M$^3$R encourages to disentangle the semantically consistent cross-modal topics (containing some common semantic information across different modalities). In other words, the semantically co-occurring cross-modal topics are reinforced by M$^3$R through adaptively passing the mutually reinforced messages to each other in the model-learning process. To further enhance the discriminative power of the learned latent topic representations, M$^3$R incorporates the auxiliary information (i.e., categories or labels) into the process of Bayesian modeling, which boosts the modeling capability of capturing the inter-class discriminative information. Experimental results over two benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed M$^3$R in cross-modal retrieval.
Chemiluminescence: sensitive detection technology for reporter gene assays.

A series of enzyme-activated chemiluminescence-based assays of reporter gene expression, useful in many biomedical applications, has been developed. The chemiluminescence detection systems for beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase (GUS), and secreted placental alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter enzymes are all based on use of 1,2-dioxetane substrates. This detection technology also permits the combined luminescence detection of two different reporter enzymes in the same tube, e.g., a dual assay for beta-galactosidase and luciferase. The sensitivity of these chemiluminescence assays is several orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional colorimetric or fluorometric detection methods; e.g., the detection limit for beta-galactosidase by the chemiluminescence assay is 8 fg and by a fluorometric assay is 2 pg. Furthermore, chemiluminescence enables detection of beta-galactosidase, GUS, and SEAP enzyme concentrations over a dynamic range of more than five to six orders in magnitude. These assays offer highly sensitive, quantitative, rapid, nonisotopic detection of reporter enzymes that are widely used in both mammalian cells and plant cells.
FIXED STRUCTURE PID CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR STANDARD H∞ CONTROL PROBLEM

Abstract A frequency domain design method of fixed structure multivariable PID controllers that satisfy the performance index of the standard H ∞ control problem with the LMI (linear matrix inequality) constraints of the PID gains is proposed. Frequency dependent bilinear matrix inequalities on the PID gain are derived and they are approximated by LMI's for each frequency. By solving an LMI problem iteratively starting from a stabilizing PID gain, the proposed method gives a convergent sequence of PID gains so that the sequence of H ∞ norm may be non-increasing.
Multi-robot Formation Control Based on Behavior

Aiming at the shortcomings of following leader's method based on the feedback control, behavior-based feedback laws have been introduced in multi-robot formation control. Through the experiment based on the AmigoBot platform, it is proved that the method can meet the problem which can not converge fleetly in in the course of obstacles avoidance in the control method based on the feedback.
Ectopic expression of Mn-SOD in Lycopersicon esculentum leads to enhanced tolerance to salt and oxidative stress

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with a number of physiological disorders in plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the breakdown of superoxide (O2 -) into O2 and H2O2 and provides the  rst line of defense against the toxic effects of elevated levels of ROS. The effect of increased expression of Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) on salt stress tolerance was studied using transformed tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Zhongshu No. 5) plants. Northern blots con rmed expression of the heterologous Mn-SOD in transgenic plants. Strong Mn-SOD enzyme activity was detected by native PAGE in transformed plants. Transgenic plants showed resistance to the superoxide-generating herbicide methyl viologen (MV, 10-4 M). The total SOD activity was one and one halfto two-fold higher, and APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity was six to seven fold higher in transgenic, than in wild-type (WT) plant under MV stress. Germination of transgenic tomato seeds at a NaCl concentration of 150 mM was greater than wild-type seeds. When exposed to salt stress, roots of transgenic plants were less stunted and leaf injury was lower than that observed in WT plants. Also, the total APX activity of transgenic plants was 4 to 5 fold higher than that of WT under NaCl (200 mM) stress.
Geodesic curves on Shimura surfaces

We parametrize the commensurability classes of curves on Shimura surfaces that are totally geodesic, i.e., the commensurability classes of so-called $\mathbb{C}$-Fuchsian subgroups. In particular, if a Shimura surface contains one commensurability class of totally geodesic curves, it contains infinitely many.
Choice of new attributes in the 'Elimination by Aspects' duopoly

The "Elimination by aspects" (EBA) duopoly of product differentiation (Laurent, 2006a) was constructed from the discrete model of probabilistic choice worked out by Tversky (1972a,b). In this framework, an unique price equilibrium exists with a "differentiation by attributes", which embodies horizontal and vertical differentiations as possible special cases. This paper extends this analysis by studying a two-stage game in which firms choose the specific attributes of their product and then compete in prices. At the price equilibrium, the "competitive effect", present in pure vertical differentiation models, is replaced by a "differentiation effect" in this EBA duopoly. Subgame perfect Nash equilibria are shown to exist with exogenous costs but also with attributes-dependent unit and fixed costs. At the equilibrium, products are generally differentiated both horizontally and vertically. But a purely vertical outcome may also occur when costs of innovation are strongly convex or when consumers are very sensible to the price levels. When costs are endogenous, the social optimum is achieved for a pure horizontal differentiation. Thus, there is too much differentiation at the equilibrium: the vertical dimension induces a strong raise of prices, which also reduces the welfare.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF ANCESTRALLIMIT PROCESSES ARISING IN HAPLOIDPOPULATION GENETICS

The classical n-coalescent introduced by Kingman is not the only possible limit process arising in ancestral population genetics. Under smooth conditions other limit processes do appear, where multiple mergers of ancestral lines happen with positive probability. This processes are characterized by a probability measure on the interval 0; 1]. The classical n-coalescent is the special case when this measure is the point measure in 0 and in this case only pairwise coalescent events appear. Simple necessary and suucient conditions on the underlying haploid population model are presented which ensure that the ancestral process converges weakly to such a limit process if the population size tends to innnity.
No Exit: The Failure of Bottom-up Strategic Processes and the Role of Top-down Disinvestment

A method for treating a waste system containing an oil phase dispersed on a water phase is disclosed that includes adding a polysalt having an anionic polymer component and a cationic polymer component wherein the weight ratio of the anionic polymer component to the cationic polymer component ranges from about 5:95 to 40:60, on an active basis.
IMM-PF visual tracking based on multi-feature fusion

To overcome the tracking problems caused on the one hand by the complex environment and target's appearance changes and on the other hand by maneuvering motion, tracking algorithm was proposed based on multi-feature fusion for particle filter to construct a robust appearance model, and a multi dynamic model under the interactive multiple models (IMM) to describe the target's motion. The proposed method is tested on a variety of videos that present different conditions. Experiences and comparisons conducted show the robustness of our methods in different tracking conditions.