Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INELASTIC SCATTERING OF HIGH ENERGY NUCLEONS BY COMPLEX NUCLEI. I. SEMI- CLASSICAL FORMALISM

A formalism is developed for treating scattering processes in the several hundred MeV range in which the target nucleus is left in its ground state or in a low excited state. These processes will be described in terms of collisions between the incident particle and single nucleons of the nucleus, using approximations of a semi-classical nature. The inelastic processes can be regarded as single particle excitations, the effects of scattering by other nucleons being included in a distorting potential. The target nucleons are assumed stationary during the passage of the incident particle; it is demonstrated that this is a reasonable approximation.
Through a Glass Less Darkly

I'm sure most of you are familiar with the phrase, "Through a Glass Darkly. " The reason I'm sure it's familiar is that, after a fairly thorough computer search, I found that the phrase, along with being found in I Corinthians 13, also appears in the title of some 40 books and 20 parts of books. In addition, it is either the title or is mentioned in 7 poems, 1 film, 3 musical scores, 15 theses, 7 plays, and 1 opera. Now, given its wide use, I've chosen to modify the phrase to "Through a Glass Less Darkly" so that this discussion would not be lost in a crowd of dark glasses. I also found it interesting to see the many ways in which the phrase is interpreted and used. The first of the two most prominent meanings centered around gloomy or dire predictions, and the second, the difficulty in finding unambiguous empirical truth and the need to deal with uncertainty. It is this second interpretation of "Through a Glass Darkly"-the difficulty in finding unambiguous empirical truth and the need to deal with uncertainty-that I want to discuss with you. But to get to that discussion, I have to first deal with some gloomy or dire predictions.
Temporal variations of pulsar dispersion measures

We present observations of dispersion measure (DM) variability in the directions of pulsars PSR 1821-24, PSR 1855+09, PSR 1937+21, and PSR 1951+32, and relate these results to previously reported work. Temporal variations of pulsar dispersion measures provide a direct sample of the integrated spectrum of electron density fluctuations in the intervening plasma. The spectrum is sampled over a range of length scales from 10 13 to 10 15 cm owing to the relative peculiar motion of the Sun and the pulsar with respect to their local standards of rest. The amplitude of the variations over a fixed time interval appears to depend on the square root of the distance
Lasing eigenvalue problems: the electromagnetic modelling of microlasers

Comprehensive microcavity laser models should account for several physical mechanisms, e.g. carrier transport, heating and optical confinement, coupled by non-linear effects. Nevertheless, considerable useful information can still be obtained if all non-electromagnetic effects are neglected, often within an additional effective-index reduction to an equivalent 2D problem, and the optical modes viewed as solutions of Maxwell's equations. Integral equation (IE) formulations have many advantages over numerical techniques such as FDTD for the study of such microcavity laser problems. The most notable advantages of an IE approach are computational efficiency, the correct description of cavity boundaries without stair-step errors, and the direct solution of an eigenvalue problem rather than the spectral analysis of a transient signal. Boundary IE (BIE) formulations are more economic that volume IE (VIE) ones, because of their lower dimensionality, but they are only applicable to the constant cavity refractive index case. The Muller BIE, being free of 'defect' frequencies and having smooth or integrable kernels, provides a reliable tool for the modal analysis of microcavities. Whilst such an approach can readily identify complex-valued natural frequencies and Q-factors, the lasing condition is not addressed directly. We have thus suggested using a Muller BIE approach to solve a lasing eigenvalue problem (LEP), i.e. a linear eigenvalue solution in the form of two real-valued numbers (lasing wavelength and threshold information) when macroscopic gain is introduced into the cavity material within an active region. Such an approach yields clear insight into the lasing thresholds of individual cavities with uniform and non-uniform gain, cavities coupled as photonic molecules and cavities equipped with one or more quantum dots.
Quantifying speech rhythm deficits in dysarthria

Disturbances in speech rhythm are common in dysarthria, and deficit patterns vary among dysarthria subtypes. Attempts to quantify differences in disordered rhythm patterns have met with limited success. Here, we attempt to differentiate various forms of dysarthria using metrics designed to quantify linguistic rhythm on a stress‐timed versus syllable‐timed continuum. Speakers with hypokinetic, ataxic, hyperkinetic, or mixed flaccid‐spastic dysarthria read sentences. Rhythm metrics were calculated for these utterances based on vocalic and consonantal interval durations. Differences among groups were discovered for %V (percentage of utterance duration comprised of vocalic intervals), VarcoV (rate‐normalized standard deviation of vocalic interval durations), and nPVI‐V (normalized pairwise variability index for vocalic intervals). Differences were independent of variable speaking rates among groups. All dysarthric groups produced rhythm patterns less stress‐timed than the control American English speakers, wi.
Innovative electrochemical water quality sensing platform based on sub-micron MexRu3+xO7+x electrodes (Me = Cu, Zn, 0.4 ≤ x ≤ 2): impact of sintering conditions

In these studies, planar potentiometric dissolved oxygen (DO) sensors were fabricated. They are based on sub-micron films of RuO2–Cu2O (20 mol%) and RuO2–ZnO (20 mol%) sensing electrodes (SEs) which were applied to alumina substrates using a screen-printing method and sintered at different temperatures in order to understand the optimum preparation conditions for sensing. To gain insight into their structural and electrochemical sensing properties they were closely examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). SEM showed that the different sintering temperatures generated contrasting surface morphologies which went some way towards explaining the SE performance. Furthermore, FTIR and CV conducted on the sintered SEs showed differences in the spectra of samples sintered at different temperatures. The relationship between the DO and the electrochemical sensor's response at sintering temperatures of 800 and 850 °C was found to be relatively linear for all four sintering temperatures for both RuO2–Cu2O and RuO2–ZnO sub-micron SEs. The experiments conducted confirmed that the optimum results were obtained when the SEs were sintered at 800 and 850 °C, respectively. In addition, the correlation between pH and SE response was found to be linear regardless of the sintering temperature of the SE.
Effect of Displacement Current in Magneto-Electro-Elastic 3D Beam Subjected to Dynamic Loading

Dynamic loading will generate time varying electric and magnetic fields in magneto-electro-elastic continuum. Displacement current is associated with the generation of magnetic field due to time varying electric field. The non-conservative electric field is represented using a magnetic vector potential. Studies are carried out for clamped-free and clamped-clamped boundary conditions of the structure excited with harmonic mechanical loading. The magnetic flux density in axial direction is not affected by the electric displacement current. The transverse y-direction and z-direction components of magnetic flux density are showing significant variation at higher frequencies when displacement current is accounted.
Vegetation cover changes and species composition: preliminary results from agroforestry system in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Indonesia

As a mitigation target for Indonesia’s Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) has a high potential. However, there is a lack of data on tree species composition and vegetation cover, particularly in the traditional zone (TZ). This study aims to estimate the vegetation cover of GHSNP in 2016, 2019, and 2022, as well as tree species composition in the TZ compared to the wilderness zone (WZ). This study used Sentinel-2 imagery and plot establishment for vegetation analysis in both zones. The most dominant class of vegetation cover in GHSNP from 2016 to 2022 is in class 5 which has highly dense vegetation. The large area class 5 increased by around 2.17% from 2016 to 2022. There were 17 species found in TZ and 24 species in WZ. Local communities are applying the traditional agroforestry of Poh-pohan (Pilea trinervia) as the main commodity and Pinus merkusii for the shade trees. P. merkusii and Maesopsis eminii are the most frequently found in TZ and WZ due to the former status of GHSNP as a production forest. Agroforestry systems can enhance biodiversity as a conservation effort and Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030 actions.
Non-integrable lattice equations supporting kink and soliton solutions

Nonintegrable differential-difference equations are constructed which support two-kink and two-soliton solutions. These equations are related to the discrete Burgers hierarchy and a discrete form of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. In particular, discretisations of equations related to the Fitzhugh-Nagumo-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov, Satsuma-Burgers-Huxley equations are derived. Methods presented here can also be used to derive non-integrable differential-difference equations describing the elastic collision of more than two kinks or solitary waves.
A Reinforcement Learning–Based Follow-up Framework

Classification and characterization of variable and transient phenomena are critical for astrophysics and cosmology. Given the volume of nightly data produced by ongoing and future surveys such as LSST, it is critical to develop automatic tools that assist in observation decision-making, maximizing scientific output without resource wastage. We propose a reinforcement learning–based recommendation system for real-time astronomical observation of sources. We assess whether it is worth making further observations and recommend the best instrument from a preexisting candidate set of instruments. Current possible choices include single-band, multiband, and spectroscopic observations, although it is generalizable to any other kind of instrumentation. We rely on a reward metric to make recommendations, which incorporates the gain in a classification sense and the cost incurred for the queried observations. This metric is flexible and easily adaptable to different application scenarios. We run 24 simulations in an offline setting with preexisting observations from Gaia DR2 and SDSS DR14. We propose four comparison strategies, including the baseline strategy, which recommends based on the most similar past cases to the current case. Our strategy surpasses all other strategies in regard to reward. We reach an accuracy of 0.932, comparable to using the accuracy reached using all possible resources (0.948) but with half the number of photometric observations and 1000 times fewer spectroscopic resources. The baseline strategy lacks the complexity to achieve competitive results with our proposed strategy. Our framework is meant to aid continuous online observation decision-making and can be extended to incorporate multiple environmental and observation conditions.
Mathematical Modeling of Near-Field Optics☆

Consider a time-harmonic electromagnetic plane wave incident on a periodic (grating) structure. An inhomogeneous (subwavelength) object is placed inside the periodic structure. The scattering problem is to study the electromagnetic field distributions. The problem arises in the study of near-field optics and has many physical and biological applications. This work is devoted to modeling and analysis of a near-field optics problem. An integral representation approach is presented to solve the problem. It is shown particularly that the perturbation due to the object decays exponentially along the periodic direction of the structure, provided that no surface waves occur. Based on the approach, a general solution method is discussed and the well-posedness of the model problems are established.
Passion fruit plants alter the soil microbial community with continuous cropping and improve plant disease resistance by recruiting beneficial microorganisms

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions, showing high economic and ornamental value. Microorganisms are indicators for the stability and health of the soil ecosystem, which can affect the yield and quality of passion fruit under continuous cropping. High-throughput sequencing and interactive analysis were used to analyse the variation of microbial communities in the noncultivated soil (NCS), cultivated soil (CS), and the rhizosphere soil of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis ×Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, RP) and yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, RY). An average of 98,001 high-quality fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, mainly from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota and Glomeromycota, as well as an average of 71,299 high-quality bacterial 16S rRNA sequences, mainly from Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, were obtained per sample. It was found that the continuous cropping of passion fruit increased the richness but reduced the diversity of soil fungi, while it dramatically increased the richness and diversity of soil bacteria. In addition, during the continuous cropping, grafting different scions in the same rootstock contributed to the aggregation of differential rhizosphere microbial communities. Among fungal genera, Trichoderma showed higher abundance in RY than in RP and CS, while the opposite was observed in the pathogen Fusarium. Moreover, the co-occurrence network and potential function analyses also showed that the appearance of Trichoderma was related to Fusarium and its contribution to plant metabolism was significantly greater in RY than in RP and CS. In conclusion, the rhizosphere of yellow passion fruit may be beneficial for the enrichment of disease-resistant microbes, such as Trichoderma, which may be an important factor inducing stronger resistance to stem rot. It will help to form a potential strategy for overcoming the pathogen-mediated obstacles in passion fruit and improve its yield and quality.
A simple and accessible CRISPR genome editing laboratory exercise using yeast

CRISPR is a revolutionary tool to engineer the genome. Herein, we describe a laboratory exercise designed to introduce students to CRISPR by editing the genome of yeast to disrupt the ADE2 gene, which results in yeast that form red colored colonies. The experiment was constructed to be performed in a single laboratory session and to be accessible to students and instructors without experience working with yeast.
Protocol for pragmatic randomized clinical trial to evaluate the completion of treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with Isoniazid in the 300 mg formulation

Introduction It is essential to strengthen the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to break the chain of transmission. The drug used worldwide for the treatment of LTBI is Isoniazid. A clinical trial conducted in Brazil has demonstrated the bioequivalence of Isoniazid in the 300 mg formulation with 3 tablets in the 100 mg formulation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the completion of treatment with Isoniazid 300 mg single tablet. Objective Describing a protocol for a clinical trial to evaluate the completion of treatment of LTBI with the drug Isoniazid in 300 mg tablet formulation compared to the use of Isoniazid in 100 mg tablet formulation. Methods This is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial registered on the Rebec RBR-2wsdt6 platform. Individuals 18 years of age or older with an indication for treatment of LTBI will be included, with only 1 individual per family nucleus. Individuals whose index case of active TB is categorized as retreatment, multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant, individuals transferred from the original center two or more weeks after the onset of treatment, and persons deprived of liberty will be excluded. The study intervention will be the treatment of LTBI with 1 tablet of Isoniazid 300 mg. The control group will receive the treatment of LTBI with 3 tablets of Isoniazid 100 mg. Follow-up will be performed at month 1, month 2 and at the end of treatment. The primary outcome will be completion of treatment. Conclusion It is expected that with the treatment with the 300 mg formulation, more patients will complete the treatment based on the complexity index of pharmacotherapy. Our study intends to substantiate theoretical and operational strategies that respond to the demand for incorporation of a new formulation of the drug for the treatment of LTBI in the Unified Health System network.
The elastic constants of GaAs from 2 K to 320 K

The adiabatic elastic constants of GaAs (n type carrier density 1.3*1016 cm-3) have been obtained between 2 K and 320 K from measurements of ultrasonic wave velocities by the pulse superposition technique. One aim has been to compare the results with the somewhat scattered data obtained at room temperature by previous workers: particular attention has been paid to estimation of the overall uncertainty in the elastic constants. At 298 K, C11=1.1841+or-0.0037, C12=0.537+or-0.016 and C44=0.5912+or-0.0018 in units of 1012 dynes cm-2. The Debye temperature (346.8 K) computed from the data extrapolated to 0 K is in excellent agreement with that (346.7 K) derived from low temperature specific heat measurements. The temperature dependence of the elastic constants have been fitted by an anharmonic oscillator model. The force constants and effective charge have been calculated on the basis of a rigid-ion model. The Gruneisen parameter, particle displacement and energy-flux vectors and cross-sections of the Young's modulus and wave velocity surfaces have been compiled.
Relationship of masked obesity to self-reported lifestyle habits, ideal body image, and anthropometric measures in Japanese university students: A cross-sectional study

Introduction Masked obesity (MO) is defined as a normal body mass index (BMI) with a high body fat percentage (%BF), and is associated with the onset of lifestyle-related diseases. However, little is known about the current status of MO. Therefore, we investigated the relationship of MO to physical characteristics and lifestyle habits among Japanese university students. Methods Between 2011 and 2019, we conducted a survey of 10,168 males and 4,954 females with BMI within the normal range (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2). MO was defined as %BF ≥ 20% in males and %BF ≥ 30% in females. Students completed a questionnaire containing items about lifestyle habits. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured, and hypertension was defined as systolic above 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships as follows: the relationship of masked obesity to self-reported lifestyle habits, ideal body image, and anthropometric measures; the relationship between hypertension and body indices. Results The proportion of students with MO in 2019 was 13.4% in males and 25.8% in females, and the proportion of females increased over time. MO was associated with desire for weight loss (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.76, 1.53–2.02), intake of five macronutrients (0.79, 0.67–0.93), rice and wheat intakes (1.22, 1.01–1.47), sleep duration of < 7hr (0.85, 0.74–0.98), and exercise habit (0.71, 0.63–0.81) in males; and with balanced diet intake (0.79, 0.64–0.99) and exercise habit (0.65, 0.51–0.82) in females. There was a significant association of MO with hypertension in males (1.29, 1.09–1.53). Conclusion The percentage of female students with MO increased during the study period, and in males, MO may be a risk factor for hypertension. These results suggest that intervention for MO is needed in Japanese university students.
Effect of MBSR, DBT and CBT on the hypertension patients with depression/anxiety: Protocol of a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis

Introduction Hypertension, one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide, usually requires lifetime managing blood pressure (BP) with medications. Due to quite large number of hypertension patients co-exist with depression and/or anxiety, and non-cooperated with medical instruction, consequently management of BP is impaired with serious complications, resulting in compromised quality of life. Consequently quality of life of such patients is impaired with serious complications. Therefore, management of depression and/or anxiety is equally important as the treatment of hypertension. Depression and/or anxiety are independent risk factors of hypertension, which is supported by the finding that there is close correlation between hypertension are depression/or anxiety. Psychotherapy (non-drug treatment) maybe useful for hypertensive patients with depression and/or anxiety to improve their negative emotions. We aim to quantify the effective of psychological therapies in the management of hypertension patients with depression or anxiety, by comparing and ranking a network meta-analysis (NMA). Materials and methods Literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) will be performed in five electronic databases from inception to December 2021, including PubMed, the Cochrane library, Embase, Web of Science, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM). The search terms mainly include “hypertension”, “mindfulness-based stress reduction” (MBSR), “cognitive behavioral therapy” (CBT) and “dialectical behavior therapy” (DBT). Cochrane Collaboration quality assessment tool will be used for the risk of bias assessment. A Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed, using WinBUGS 1.4. 3, and Stata 14 will be applied to draw the network diagram, while RevMan 5.3. 5 will be used to produce funnel plot for assessing the risk of publication bias. Recommended rating, development and grade methodology will also be utilized to assess the quality of evidence. Results Effect of MBSR, CBT and DBT will be evaluated by traditional meta-analysis directly and Bayesian network meta-analysis indirectly. Our study will provide the evidence on the efficacy and safety of psychological treatments in the hypertension patients with anxiety. There is no research ethical requirement because this is a systematic review of published literature. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration Prospero registration number: CRD42021248566.