Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term Results of Operative Treatment of Calcaneal Fractures.

BACKGROUND This paper presents the long-term results of surgical treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures, including subjective evaluation, orthopaedic examination and radiographic evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 126 patients with 135 calcaneal fractures were treated surgically at the Department of Traumatology of the Military Medical Institute in Warsaw between 2008 and 2012. The analysis involves 73 patients (53 persons were lost to follow-up), including 45 men (61.6%). The mean age of the patients was 46.2 years (18-77 years). Based on imaging studies, patients required specific surgical techniques: the minimally invasive Westhues method involving fixation with a bundle of K-wires or open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws. The outcomes of the surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures were assessed on the basis of a subjective evaluation and orthopaedic and radiographic examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS Based on the Creighton-Nebraska scores, in the group of patients treated with a bundle of K-wires (minimally invasive Westhues method), there were 12 excellent results (42.8%), 5 good (17.9%), 6 satisfactory (21.4%) and 5 poor (17.9%). In the group of patients treated with a plate and screws, excellent and good results (58.1%) prevailed in Sanders type II fractures. Most of the poor results were recorded in patients with type IV fractures. In general, radiographic results were better than functional and subjective evaluation. A statistically significant relationship between the subjective outcome of treatment and patient age was found (p <0.001). The least satisfying results were found for patients younger than 39 years of age. CONCLUSIONS 1. The key to success in the surgical treatment of calcaneal fractures is appropriate restoration of Bôhler's angle 2. A good or excellent radiographic outcome did not always coincide with good functional results and good subjective evaluation 3. The poorer subjective scores in younger patients resulted from their inability to return to pre-injury activity levels.
REAL-TIME AND EXACT COLLISION DETECTION FOR INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING

Many companies have started to investigate Virtual Reality as a tool for evaluating digital mock-ups. One of the key functions needed for interactive evaluation is real-time collision detection. An algorithm for exact collision detection is presented which can handle arbitrary non-convex polyhedra efficiently. The approach attains its speed by a hierarchical adaptive space subdivision scheme, the BoxTree, and an associated divide-andconquer traversal algorithm, which exploits the very special geometry of boxes. The traversal algorithm is generic, so it can be endowed with other semantics operating on polyhedra, e.g., distance computations. The algorithm is fairly simple to implement and it is described in great detail in an “ftp-able” appendix to facilitate easy implementation. Pre-computation of auxiliary data structures is very simple and fast. The efficiency of the approach is shown by timing results and two real-world digital mock-up scenarios.
Seismic imaging in the curvelet domain and its implications for the curvelet design

This paper is a first attempt towards the migration of seismic data in the curvelet domain for heterogeneous background velocity models. We first explain how to build a simple curvelet decomposition/reconstruction code, based on the use of Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs). It is directly related to ideas from Candes (Candes et al., 2005), but appears to be slightly more general. We then show how to derive simple operations (image shift, rotation and stretch) directly in the curvelet domain. The basic transforms are needed for subsequent seismic migration. We demonstrate how to interpolate in the curvelet domain, using the Shannon interpolation formula. It appears that the interpolation scheme imposes some specific conditions on the shapes of the filters used for the curvelet decomposition. In particular, the transform has to be redundant. Finally, we combine the basic operations to migrate seismic data in the curvelet domain. The 2‐D common offset section is first decomposed into curvelet coefficients. All coefficients are map‐migrated independently using the notion of direction inherent to curvelets. The final depth section is obtained by performing an inverse curvelet transform. The curvelet migration is applied on a very simple background velocity model but for a complex reflectivity structure. The results are as good as for the Kirchhoff migration, but are obtained by map‐migrating the curvelet coefficients instead of smearing energy along isochrones. In previous papers (Candes and Demanet, 2005; Douma and de Hoop, 2005), the authors had the hope that it would be possible to only consider after map‐migration the nearest coefficient in the curvelet domain. We show that this approach unfortunately does not provide in practice the expected quality for the result. An interpolation in the curvelet domain as developed here is indeed necessary.
Dynamic Specifications in Optimizing Trend-Deviation Macro Models

As noted in surveys by Goodfriend and King (1997) and Walsh (1998) and exemplified by models analyzed in Taylor (1999), there is encouraging progress in developing optimizing trend-deviation macro models that provide useful insights into the transmission and design of monetary policy. Several controversial features of a minimalist trend-deviation model, with optimizing households, firms, and bond traders, are examined. Dynamic specifications are suggested to improve the data-based realism, while preserving the simplicity, of the minimalist model.
Large Margin Multiple Hyperplane Classification for Content-based Multimedia Retrieval

This introductory note considers an application of content-based multimedia retrieval, where a semantic concept of a user query must be learned from only a few documents, provided as relevance feedback, that are vastly outnumbered by the irrelevant items of the collection. Formally, the problem in question is situated in the context of asymmetric classification where due to substantial imbalance, different classes are not treated equally. In contrast to the popular optimal separating hyperplane techniques that use only one hyperplane, an attempt is made to further exploit the asymmetric problem setting by incorporating multiple hyperplanes in a classifier so as to favor the under-represented class. Although the introduced modification leads to a more difficult optimization problem, a preliminary empirical evaluation of such a method in the asymmetric “one-against-all” classification setting provides encouraging results, which warrants further investigation.
Weakly supervised learning of component-based hierarchical model for object detection

In this paper, we present a hierarchical framework for detecting and localizing object by components. The system is structured with a root detector and several component detectors that are trained to separately find the object and different parts of the object on the first level. On the second level the spatial relations model performs detection by combining the root detector and the component detectors. We learn the component models in a weakly supervised manner, where object labels are provided but component labels are not. The root model and each component model are learned by using boosting. The weak classifiers are vector-valued HOG features which are projected from d-dimensional to 1-dimensional subspace by Fischer Linear Discriminant (FLD). The experimental results demonstrate that our method is comparable with the previous ones.
Progression and Resistance Training

Progression in a resistance training program has both anecdotal and scientific support and can provide the variation needed to keep the workouts fun as well as effective over the long haul. In 1998, the American College of Sports Medicine published a position stand entitled “The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and flexibility in healthy adults. ” In this document, an initial starting point consisting of performance of 1 set per exercise (8-10 exercises) for 8-12 repetitions (10-15 for older adults) 2-3 days per week was recommended. This initial recommendation has been shown to be effective for progression during the first few months of training, but then benefits can plateau during subsequent months when variation in the program design is minimal. To move beyond the plateaus in strength fitness further progression in program stress is needed. There are numerous ways to progress as long as one adheres to basic tenets regarding the proper manipulation of the acute program variables. How much one can progress depends on the individual’s genetic makeup, program design and implementation, and training status or level of fitness (i.e., slower rates of improvement are observed as one advances). In this paper, we will discuss the critical elements to progression during resistance training and the current recommendations for manipulating the acute program variables. It is important to note that the amount of progression sought is individual-specific, as moderate improvements have been shown to elicit significant health benefits. Once the desired fitness level is achieved, maintenance programs can be used to maintain that current level of fitness.
Combining Fuzzy Description Logics and Fuzzy Logic Programs

Integrating rules and ontologies has become a key requirement for applications in the semantic Web. Web applications in general have also motivated another requirement, that of handling uncertainty, an intrinsic feature of the real world. In this paper, we present a fuzzy extension to description logic programs (DLP), called fhDLP. fhDLP not only combines DL with LP, as in DLP, but also supports uncertainty representation. More specifically, fuzzy hybrid knowledge bases layered on fhDLP consist of fuzzy hybrid rules with embedded DL queries to fuzzy DL concepts, roles, and axioms.
AURKA, DLGAP5, TPX2, KIF11 and CKAP5: Five specific mitosis-associated genes correlate with poor prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer patients

The growth of a tumor depends to a certain extent on an increase in mitotic events. Key steps during mitosis are the regulated assembly of the spindle apparatus and the separation of the sister chromatids. The microtubule-associated protein Aurora kinase A phosphorylates DLGAP5 in order to correctly segregate the chromatids. Its activity and recruitment to the spindle apparatus is regulated by TPX2. KIF11 and CKAP5 control the correct arrangement of the microtubules and prevent their degradation. In the present study, we investigated the role of these five molecules in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the expression of the five genes in a large cohort of NSCLC patients (n=362) by quantitative real-time PCR. Each of the genes was highly overexpressed in the tumor tissues compared to corresponding normal lung tissue. The correlation of the expression of the individual genes depended on the histology. An increased expression of AURKA, DLGAP5, TPX2, KIF11 and CKAP5 was associated with poor overall survival (P=0.001–0.065). AURKA was a significant prognostic marker using multivariate analyses (P=0.006). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the five mitosis-associated proteins co-localized with the spindle apparatus during cell division. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the expression of the mitosis-associated genes AURKA, DLGAP5, TPX2, KIF11 and CKAP5 is associated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
Modeling pre-attentive stereo grouping by intracortical interactions in early visual cortex

Background: The responses of disparity selective cells in V2 can be influenced by stimuli outside their receptive fields. In particular, the response is often higher when the receptive field is near a depth edge, e.g., a border between two different depth planes composed of random dots (von der Heydt, Zhou, and Friedman, Vision Research, 2000). In addition, cell responses can reflect the phenomenon of disparity capture, in which global surfaces or grouping cues dictate the local interpretation of stimulus depth. Hence, cell responses to the surface area of a depth plane are tuned to the depth values at the surface boundary beyond the receptive fields (Bakin, Nakayama, and Gilbert, J. Neuroscience, 2000). Method: A model of the cortex with intra-cortical interactions is constructed to study how contextual influences contribute to the stereo grouping and segmentation phenomena observed physiologically. Nearby model pyramidal cells influence each other via monosynaptic facilitation or disynaptic inhibition. Input and neural representation focuses on the stereo domain. Hence, the input stimuli are dots in depth space without orientation, color, or motion information. The model cells are binocular and receive inputs from both the correct and false matches between stimuli dots in the left and right eyes, as suggested from the physiological data about the responses of V1 cells (Cumming and Parker, J. Neuroscience, 2000), which provide inputs to V2. Hence, the initial responses to an input pattern come from many model cells corresponding to all possible stereo matches. Contextual influences modify the cell responses, such that after the initial transient, the responses from the model are significant only from cells whose receptive fields correspond to the correct matches only. In particular, the model reproduces the physiological disparity capture and depth edge highlights.
External transpedicular spine fixation in severe spondylodiscitis – salvage procedure

Specific and non-specific infections of the spine are rare. Due to their potential for severe instabilities, deformities and the impairment of neurological structures, the treatment is often prolonged and needs an interdisciplinary management. The clinical presentation is uncharacteristic, therefore diagnosis is often delayed. There are no prospective randomized studies for therapy recommendation. The surgical concept includes eradication of the infection and the reliable stabilization of involved segments. This concept is successful in most cases of endogenous vertebral osteomyelitis. The therapy of the exogenous spine infections after macro and micro surgery is more difficult, due to the critical wound situation and the involvement of the posterior parts of the spine. In these cases, infection-associated instability of the anterior part is complicated by critical posterior wound conditions. We present three cases of severe exogenous vertebral infections, where temporary external transpedicular spine fixation was used for salvage procedure, till soft tissue conditions have permitted a definitive internal stabilization.
Contour integration in striate cortex. Classic cell responses or cooperative selection?

Psychophysics has established various rules of contour integration in gestalt perception. We tested the rule of good continuation by stimulating behaving monkeys with simple figures composed of Gabor patches, while recording from upper layer cells in visual cortex (V1). By decomposing these figures into their components and stimulating receptive field centers and surrounds separately with this stimulus set, we tested center-surround interaction for linearity. In pure-fixation tasks, the interaction was negative for the early strong evoked response, i.e., in this phase figural context rather inhibited the cells. However, in the following tonic response phase, a subgroup of neurons showed positive interaction during the whole stimulus presentation period of at least 1,000 ms. Attention to the figure in discrimination tasks only slightly improved this positive interaction between 150 and 300 ms. We interpret these results as selective cooperation and mutual facilitation of cortical V1 cells, thereby supporting the saliency of borders and contours in perception of visual scenes.
Effect of fluconazole on fungicidal activity of flucytosine in murine cryptococcal meningitis

Both animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated that combinations of flucytosine with amphotericin B and with fluconazole have significantly improved activity against cryptococcal meningitis compared with the activity of each drug used alone. However, very few dose levels of these agents have been tested in combination. This study evaluated the efficacy of fluconazole plus flucytosine in a murine model of cryptococcal meningitis over a broad range of dose combinations (fluconazole, 0 to 40 micrograms/g of body weight per day; flucytosine, 0 to 200 micrograms/g/day). Both drugs were dissolved in drinking water, with treatment on days 2 to 11. In this highly reproducible model, fluconazole had a dramatic effect on the fungicidal activity of flucytosine. Flucytosine at dose levels of as much as 200 micrograms/g/day alone or in combination with low doses of fluconazole had minimal fungicidal activity, whereas in combination with fluconazole at 24 to 40 micrograms/g/day, flucytosine showed fungicidal activity in the range of 45 to 65% of the animals treated at doses of 40 to 100 micrograms/g/day. This striking effect of fluconazole is consistent with the results of both in vitro and clinical studies. In the clinic, the use of flucytosine is often limited by severe toxicity, while toxicity is rarely observed with fluconazole. These results suggest that when flucytosine is given with higher doses of fluconazole, the maximum therapeutic effect of the former in the clinic may be observed at dose levels that are far less than the doses commonly employed (150 micrograms/g daily).
BK Channel-Mediated Relaxation of Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle: A Novel Paradigm for Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Regulation of Bladder Function

Elevation of intracellular cAMP and activation of protein kinase A (PKA) lead to activation of large conductance voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels, thus attenuation of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) contractility. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which pharmacological inhibition of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with rolipram or Ro-20-1724 (C15H22N2O3) suppresses guinea pig DSM excitability and contractility. We used high-speed line-scanning confocal microscopy, ratiometric fluorescence Ca2+ imaging, and perforated whole-cell patch-clamp techniques on freshly isolated DSM cells, along with isometric tension recordings of DSM isolated strips. Rolipram caused an increase in the frequency of Ca2+ sparks and the spontaneous transient BK currents (TBKCs), hyperpolarized the cell membrane potential (MP), and decreased the intracellular Ca2+ levels. Blocking BK channels with paxilline reversed the hyperpolarizing effect of rolipram and depolarized the MP back to the control levels. In the presence of H-89 [N-[2-[[3-(4-bromophenyl)-2-propenyl]amino]ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride], a PKA inhibitor, rolipram did not cause MP hyperpolarization. Rolipram or Ro-20-1724 reduced DSM spontaneous and carbachol-induced phasic contraction amplitude, muscle force, duration, and frequency, and electrical field stimulation-induced contraction amplitude, muscle force, and tone. Paxilline recovered DSM contractility, which was suppressed by pretreatment with PDE4 inhibitors. Rolipram had reduced inhibitory effects on DSM contractility in DSM strips pretreated with paxilline. This study revealed a novel cellular mechanism whereby pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 leads to suppression of guinea pig DSM contractility by increasing the frequency of Ca2+ sparks and the functionally coupled TBKCs, consequently hyperpolarizing DSM cell MP. Collectively, this decreases the global intracellular Ca2+ levels and DSM contractility in a BK channel-dependent manner.
A Swedish Road to Socialism: Ernst Wigforss and the Ideological Foundations of Swedish Social Democracy

The reputation of Ernst Wigforss (1881–1977), the foremost ideologist of Swedish Social Democracy, has suffered from the lack of a coherent treatment of his work in English. This article briefly surveys Wigforss' historical contributions to Swedish Social Democracy. Then it examines the structure of Wigforss' thought, analyzing first the conceptions of equality, liberty, democracy, security, economic efficiency, and solidarity that serve for Wigforss as the aims of Social Democracy. Then it considers the reformist measures Wigforss espoused to achieve these aims–social welfare policy, progressive taxation, economic planning, industrial democracy, and socialization of industry. It concludes with an assessment of Wigforss' importance as a Social Democratic theorist and suggests the relevance of his ideas to American politics and social science.
Delay-minimized Energy-efficient Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Data aggregation is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks that has attracted great attention in recent years. To design a data aggregation scheme, delay and energy efficiencies are two crucial issues that require much consideration. In this paper, we propose a distributed, energy-efficient algorithm for collecting data from all sensor nodes with minimum latency called Delay-minimized Energy-efficient Data Aggregation algorithm (DEDA). The DEDA algorithm minimizes data aggregation latency by building a delay-efficient network structure. At the same time, it also considers the distances between network nodes for saving sensor transmission power and network energy. Energy consumption is also well-balanced between sensors to achieve an acceptable network lifetime. The simulation results show that the scheme could significantly decrease data aggregation delay and obtain a reasonable network lifetime compared with other approaches.
A protocol for a smoke-free mental health facility

It is not uncommon for staff of mental health facilities to have diverging opinions regarding the tobacco use of their patients. Surveys have shown that a significant proportion of staff believe that the smoke free policies are harsh and difficult to implement in health facilities where patient compliance is a matter of serious concern (Lawn, 2004, Wye et al., 2010). Intra-staff disputes and arguments with patients as to how to implement these policies, if at all, occur frequently. This protocol was developed at the request of staff at a mental health facility for HIV AIDS patients afflicted with dementia. Staff were concerned about imminent smoke-free regulations thatwould impact on their unit.