Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Los sitios arqueológicos del Pleistoceno Final de Fuego-Patagonia austral: nuevos hallazgos, nuevos problemas

Los sitios arqueológicos finipleistocénicos de Fuego-Patagonia austral son bastante escasos. Se cuenta con apenas cinco de ellos para comprender un período que se extiende por cerca de 1000 años. Estos yacimientos coinciden con una etapa de cambios ambientales muy marcados y asisten a la extinción de la megafauna en la región, al igual que en el resto del continente americano. Todos ellos se ubican en cuevas y aleros rocosos. Los intentos por hallar nuevos emplazamientos en otros contextos del área no han dado los frutos esperados aún. Sin embargo, se analizan otras posibilidades de búsqueda a la luz de los resultados de los trabajos recientes de los paleobiólogos comprometidos en obtener registros cada vez más acuciosos del cambio climático y sus causas.
Uniform Representations for Syntax-Semantics Arbitration

Psychological investigations have led to considerable insight into the working of the human language comprehension system. In this article, we look at a set of principles derived from psychological findings to argue for a particular organization of linguistic knowledge along with a particular processing strategy and present a computational model of sentence processing based on those principles. Many studies have shown that human sentence comprehension is an incremental and interactive process in which semantic and other higher-level information interacts with syntactic information to make informed commitments as early as possible at a local ambiguity. Early commitments may be made by using top-down guidance from knowledge of different types, each of which must be applicable independently of others. Further evidence from studies of error recovery and delayed decisions points toward an arbitration mechanism for combining syntactic and semantic information in resolving ambiguities. In order to account for all of the above, we propose that all types of linguistic knowledge must be represented in a common form but must be separable so that they can be applied independently of each other and integrated at processing time by the arbitrator. We present such a uniform representation and a computational model called COMPERE based on the representation and the processing strategy.
3D printed capacitive pressure sensor with corrugated surface

In this work a novel 3D printed capacitive pressure sensor with a corrugated surface is presented. The design composed of top and bottom plates. The sensor is 3D printed using a commercially available polymer material and then coated with Cr and Au with sputtering process. The dimensions of produced structure that designed is 11 × 11 × 4.6mm3. Due to the corrugated surface, the area of the plates is increased 19.46% compared to a standard flat surface parallel plate capacitive sensor in the same bulk area. The design process of the sensor, simulation and the experimental results are given and explained in detail. The performance of the sensor is tested with various pressure levels between 0 Pa and 8.88 kPa. The experimental results show that the capacitance range of the sensor is 2.7 pF-4.3 pF. The maximum sensitivity of the sensor is obtained as 0.14 pF / kPa. The results confirm that the presented capacitive sensor can be utilized for carrying out pressure measurements.
Loss-of-function mutation in GATA4 causes anomalies of human testicular development

Approximately 1 of every 250 newborns has some abnormality of genital and/or gonadal development. However, a specific molecular cause is identified in only 20% of these cases of disorder of sex development (DSD). We identified a family of French origin presenting with 46,XY DSD and congenital heart disease. Sequencing of the ORF of GATA4 identified a heterozygous missense mutation (p.Gly221Arg) in the conserved N-terminal zinc finger of GATA4. This mutation was not observed in 450 ancestry-matched control individuals. The mutation compromised the ability of the protein to bind to and transactivate the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) promoter. The mutation does not interfere with the direct protein–protein interaction, but it disrupts synergistic activation of the AMH promoter by GATA4 and NR5A1. The p.Gly221Arg mutant protein also failed to bind to a known protein partner FOG2 that is essential for gonad formation. Our data demonstrate the key role of GATA4 in human testicular development.
Potential role of autoantibodies in the regulation of cytokine responses during bacterial infections

An immunoregulatory mechanism involving release of neutralizing autoantibodies (Aabs) to self cytokines during bacterial infections is presented herein. Intraperitoneal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae type b into Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in a self-limiting meningitis. High levels of cells expressing mRNA for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected 12 to 48 h postinoculation (p.i.) in splenocytes, and large numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells were present in the spleen on day 3 p.i. These levels were undetectable at days 9 and 14 p.i. Increased titers of Aabs of immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes to both cytokines were observed, with a peak at day 7 p.i. and with very low levels at day 30. Upon reinoculation with H. influenzae type b at day 30, regeneration of Aabs was recorded 7 days later (i.e., at day 37). To elucidate their regulatory importance, Aabs dose-dependently inhibited IFN-gamma production by splenocytes, IFN-gamma-induced major histocompatibility complex expression by peritoneal macrophages, and TNF-alpha-induced thymocyte proliferation. To control the specificity of these Aabs, Fab fragments of purified serum Igs from day p.i. exhibited binding and neutralizing effects. Furthermore, preincubation of the sera with a cytokine inhibited the binding and neutralization effects of that particular cytokine, but not those of any other cytokine. Aab-producing B cells were cloned, and their supernatants had similar effects. Our data suggest a role for autoimmunity in cytokine regulation and suggest that a maintained balance of this mechanism may protect from sequelae.
Compensating a string PDE in the actuation or sensing path of an unstable ODE

How to control an unstable linear system with a long pure delay in the actuator path? This question was resolved using ‘predictor’ or ‘finite spectrum assignment’ designs in the 1970s. Here we address a more challenging question: How to control an unstable linear system with a wave PDE in the actuation path? Physically one can think of this problem as having to stabilize a system to whose input one has access through a string. The challenges of overcoming string/wave dynamics in the actuation path include their infinite dimension, finite propagation speed of the control signal, and the fact that all of their (infinitely many) eigenvalues are on the imaginary axis. In this paper we provide an explicit feedback law that compensates the wave PDE dynamics at the input of an LTI ODE and stabilizes the overall system. In addition, we prove robustness of the feedback to the error in a priori knowledge of the propagation speed in the wave PDE. Finally, we consider a dual problem where the wave PDE is in the sensing path and design an exponentially convergent observer.
Molecular characterization of the early activation antigen CD69: A type II membrane glycoprotein related to a family of natural killer cell activation antigens

CD69 is a disulfide‐linked homo‐dimer expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils and platelets. Antibody cross‐linking of CD69 in the presence of phorbol ester results in cellular activation events including proliferation and the induction of specific genes. Using an expression cloning strategy we have isolated cDNA encoding human CD69 from a CD4+ T cell clone. Transfection of the cDNA clone in CV‐1/EBNA cells results in the expression of a covalently linked homodimer. The cDNA insert hybridizes to a 1.7‐kb mRNA in phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate‐ or phytohemoagglutinin‐stimulated human T cells. Using the human clone we have isolated cDNA encoding mouse CD69, which, when expressed in human T cells allowed those cells to respond to anti‐mouse CD69 antibodies by secreting interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ. Sequence analysis showed that both mouse and human CD69 are type II membrane glycoproteins related to the NKR‐P1 and Ly‐49 families of natural killer cell activation molecules.
Convexity and Bayesian constrained local models

The accurate localization of facial features plays a fundamental role in any face recognition pipeline. Constrained local models (CLM) provide an effective approach to localization by coupling ensembles of local patch detectors for non-rigid object alignment. A recent improvement has been made by using generic convex quadratic fitting (CQF), which elegantly addresses the CLM warp update by enforcing convexity of the patch response surfaces. In this paper, CQF is generalized to a Bayesian inference problem, in which it appears as a particular maximum likelihood solution. The Bayesian viewpoint holds many advantages: for example, the task of feature localization can explicitly build on previous face detection stages, and multiple sets of patch responses can be seamlessly incorporated. A second contribution of the paper is an analytic solution to finding convex approximations to patch response surfaces, which removes CQF's reliance on a numeric optimizer. Improvements in feature localization performance are illustrated on the Labeled Faces in the Wild and BioID data sets.
Calculating the burden of disease of suicide, attempted suicide, and suicide ideation by estimating disability weights.

A new application of a comprehensive method for assessing the burden of disease for suicidal behavior has been applied to epidemiological data in The Netherlands. Calculating the burden of disease of suicide in DALYs (disability adjusted life years) puts suicide at 21st in the list of most important diseases in The Netherlands with 43,500 DALYs. However, nonfatal suicide attempts also cause suffering, both physical and mental. If this suffering is taken into account, suicide and nonfatal attempted suicide climb to position 11 in this ranking of diseases with 90,700 DALYs. This places suicidal behaviors between dementia (rank 10) and breast cancer (rank 12). If the mental suffering from suicidal thoughts is taken into account as well, the number of DALYs increases to a total of 257,000, so that the full range of suicidal behaviors including suicidal thoughts rank among the most important diseases in The Netherlands. These figures are useful for setting priorities in health care and research funding. They result from a study by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), and the Vrije Universiteit (Hoeymans & Schoemaker, 2010; Van Spijker, Van Straten, Kerkhof, Hoeymans, & Smit, 2011). Below I summarize the most important aspects of this study.
Scaling of the shear rupture process from nucleation to dynamic propagation: Implications of geometric irregularity of the rupturing surfaces

A series of systematic, high-resolution laboratory experiments have been performed on the nucleation of propagating slip failure on preexisting faults having different surface roughnesses to demonstrate how the size scale and duration of shear rupture nucleation are affected by geometric irregularity of the rupturing surfaces. On the basis of the experimental results it has been discussed theoretically how consistently scale-dependent physical quantities inherent in shear rupture are scaled. The experiments led to conclusive results that the nucleation process consists of two phases (phase I, an initial, quasi-static phase, and phase II, a subsequent accelerating phase) and that the nucleation process is greatly affected by geometric irregularities on the rupturing surfaces. In phase I the rupture grows at a slow, steady speed which is independent of the rupture growth length L. In contrast, during phase II the rupture develops at accelerating speeds V, which increase with an increase in L, obeying a power law V/VS = α(L/λc)n, where VS is the shear wave velocity, λc is the characteristic length representing the geometric irregularity of the fault surfaces, and α and n are constants (α = 8.87 × 10−29 and n = 7.31). Scale dependency of scale-dependent physical quantities, including the nucleation zone size and its duration, is commonly ascribed to scale dependency of the slip-dependent constitutive law parameter Dc, which is in turn governed by λc. It has been discussed that a unified comprehension can be provided for shear rupture of any size scale if the constitutive law for shear rupture is formulated as a slip-dependent law.
An apple is more than just a fruit: cross-classification in children's concepts.

This research explored children's use of multiple forms of conceptual organization. Experiments 1 and 2 examined script (e.g., breakfast foods), taxonomic (e.g., fruits), and evaluative (e.g., junk foods) categories. The results showed that 4- and 7-year-olds categorized foods into all 3 categories, and 3-year-olds used both taxonomic and script categories. Experiment 3 found that 4- and 7-year-olds can cross-classify items, that is, classify a single food into both taxonomic and script categories. Experiments 4 and 5 showed that 7-year-olds and to some degree 4-year-olds can selectively use categories to make inductive inferences about foods. The results reveal that children do not rely solely on one form of categorization but are flexible in the types of categories they form and use.
The Inhibitory Circuit Architecture of the Lateral Hypothalamus Orchestrates Feeding

The Overeating Connection Obesity has become a major global health problem. Working in mice, Jennings et al. (p. 1517) identified an important brain circuit within the lateral hypothalamus that modulates food intake. The findings reveal the neuronal connections that drive the consumption of highly palatable food even when energy needs are satisfied. Inhibition of this circuit suppressed feeding. A specific brain circuit drives the consumption of highly palatable food, even when energy needs are satisfied. The growing prevalence of overeating disorders is a key contributor to the worldwide obesity epidemic. Dysfunction of particular neural circuits may trigger deviations from adaptive feeding behaviors. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a crucial neural substrate for motivated behavior, including feeding, but the precise functional neurocircuitry that controls LH neuronal activity to engage feeding has not been defined. We observed that inhibitory synaptic inputs from the extended amygdala preferentially innervate and suppress the activity of LH glutamatergic neurons to control food intake. These findings help explain how dysregulated activity at a number of unique nodes can result in a cascading failure within a defined brain network to produce maladaptive feeding.
14C ages of hydrothermal petroleum and carbonate in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California: Implications for oil generation, expulsion, and migration

{sup 14}C dates have been obtained by accelerator mass spectrometry and by conventional techniques from hydrothermally derived petroleum, calcite, and vent water from the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. The ages for petroleum range from 4240 to 5705 B.P., whereas those for calcite range from 7340 to 33,168 B.P. The CO{sub 2} in a sample of hydrothermal vent fluid (24% end member) yielded an apparent age of 14,820 B.P., which is within the calcite age range. These are not true ages, but rather they reflect the age of carbon within these materials. The data indicate that the conversion of sedimentary organic matter to petroleum occurs very rapidly and that the petroleum is mobilized from sedimentary organic matter in the upper 30 m of the sediment column ({le}500 m thick) underlying the sea-floor deposits. The large difference in ages between the petroleum and most of the calcites indicates that the carbon source in the calcites is more complex. The inorganic carbon pool probably originates from the dissolution of older detrital carbonates and autochthonous biogenic carbonates in the shallow sediments, and/or the decarboxylation of organic matter at greater depth, with a magmatic component of dead carbon.
MGF and high order moment of channel capacity in log-normal fading environment

The analytical expression for the MGF (Moment Generating Function) of the channel capacity in log-normal fading environment is derived. Using MGF, the closed form expression for higher order moments of channel capacity are computed as a rapidly convergent infinite series. Explicit expression for error and its upper bound resulting on account of truncation of series are obtained. Numerical results based on truncated infinite series are found to be in excellent agreement with those based on Monte Carlo simulation and Gauss Hermite method. Statistical measures like coefficient of variation, skewness and kurtosis are obtained for different values of shadowing level over a range of practical interest. It is found on the basis of skewness and kurtosis that gaussian approximation for channel capacity in log-normal fading environment is not in general valid over the entire range of dBspread.
Beyond K-Anonymity: Protect Your Trajectory from Semantic Attack

Nowadays, human trajectories are widely collected and utilized for scientific research and business purpose. However, publishing trajectory data without proper handling might cause severe privacy leakage. A large body of works are dedicated to merging one's trajectory with others', so as to avoid any individual trajectory being re-identified. Yet their solutions do not provide enough protection since they cannot prevent semantic attack, which means the attackers are able to acquire individual's private information by using the semantics features of frequently- visited locations in the trajectory even without re- identification. In this work, we are the first to recognize the semantic attack, which is another severe privacy problem in publishing trajectory datasets. We propose an algorithm providing strong privacy protection against both the semantic and re- identification attack while reserving high data utility. Extensive evaluations based on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our solution improves the quality of privacy protection by 3 times, sacrificing only 36% and 30% of spatial and temporal resolution, respectively.
AP cooperative diversity in wireless network using interference-aware channel segregation based dynamic channel assignment

Recently, we proposed interference-aware channel segregation based dynamic channel assignment (IACS-DCA) which forms a channel reuse pattern with low co-channel interference (CCI) in a distributed manner. The transmission performance of a wireless station (STA) located far from access points (APs) degrades due to path loss and shadowing loss. AP cooperative diversity is a well-known technique to improve the transmission performance. Since IACS-DCA operates so as to assign different channels to different APs located nearby each other, it is not an easy task to introduce AP cooperative diversity to a wireless network using IACS-DCA. In this paper, we propose an AP grouping and channel selection method for AP cooperative diversity in a wireless network using IACS-DCA. By computer simulation, we show that the proposed AP cooperative diversity can improve the transmission performance.
The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification

Acid History As human activity continues to pump nearly 50-fold more CO2 into the atmosphere than any existing natural sources, the oceans absorb it. Over time, this vast quantity of excess oceanic CO2 is expected to decrease oceanic pH and have marked effects on calcifying marine species. Looking to the past for records of the consequences, other instances of ocean acidification in geologic history caused by large natural events, such as volcanism, may help predict the oceans' response to contemporary CO2 levels. Hönisch et al. (p. 1058) review the geological events that potentially altered oceanic pH, from the last deglaciation to the largest mass extinction in Earth's history. The current rate of anthropogenic CO2 input into the oceans is much faster than at any other instance in the past, but yet it is unclear whether or not future ocean pH will be significantly affected. Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO2, global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth’s history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry—a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO2 release currently taking place.
Composite restoration wear analysis: conventional methods vs. three-dimensional laser digitizer.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to compare three-dimensional laser digitizing with subjective evaluations of wear in posterior resin-based composite restorations during a 24-month period. BACKGROUND The authors describe an indirect method of analyzing wear in resin-based composite restorations. A computer-driven laser was used to scan stone casts of restorations and create three-dimensional computerized surface models of the teeth. A standard computer algorithm was used to superimpose the follow-up model images over the baseline model images and to calculate the amount of wear within 10 micrometers. METHODS Patients were selected whose treatment plans required a Class II restoration. A total of 100 restorations were inserted at baseline and evaluated at six months, 12 months and 24 months. Polyether quadrant impressions were taken and casts were made. Twenty-one casts were selected for the three-dimensional laser digitizing technique. The same casts were evaluated via subjective evaluations using sets of 18 calibrated standard models, following the method developed by Leinfelder. RESULTS Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed significant differences (P < .01) between subjective wear evaluation and the three-dimensional laser digitizing wear analysis. CONCLUSION The normalized three-dimensional laser digitizing technique is significantly more effective than subjective evaluations in establishing restoration wear rates.
Simultaneous measurements of the atmospheric electric potential gradient at Nagycenk observatory by means of two individual equipments

In addition to the original equipment, a new measuring set has been constructed for observing the atmospheric electric potential gradient (PG) at Nagycenk station. The study describes this new set and reports on PG variations derived from data obtained by the two simultaneous measurements. Both runs of the mean diurnal variations determined on the basis of the two data sets are quite similar, as well as they resemble the appropriate diurnal variation derived from earlier Nagycenk data, or fairly the ‘Carnegie Curve’. Nevertheless, the measured PG level is somewhat higher in the case of the new equipment (PG 2) than that measured with the original set (PG 1). This is also true in the case of single days diurnal variations, however, the daily runs derived from the individual measurements are hardly different. Whichever of the two data sets is applied, the PG’s seasonal (annual) variation shows a distinct maximum in winter, even if this maximum is again higher for PG 2 than that for PG 1. Certain ideas on this behaviour are also suggested by the study.