Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and fabrication of nanostructures for light-trapping in ultra-thin solar cells

Reducing the absorber thickness is an attractive solution to decrease the production cost of solar cells. Furthermore, it allows to reduce the amount of material needed and improve the current collection in the cell. This thesis has been focused on the design of nanostructures to enhance light absorption in very small semiconductor volumes in order to achieve efficient ultra-thin solar cells. First, we have proposed an original light-trapping concept for ultra-thin amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells. A one-dimensional metallic grating is patterned on the front surface of the cell deposited on a metallic mirror. Broadband multi-resonant absorption has been demonstrated for both light polarizations. The metallic grating is also used as an alternative transparent electrode in order to reduce optical losses in the front contact. A detailed analysis of the multi-resonant absorption mechanism has been carried out through numerical calculations. The fabrication and optical characterization of ultra-thin a-Si:H solar cells with metallic gratings have validated the multi-resonant approach.Second, we have proposed a design with a two-dimensional metallic grid as a resonant front contact for very thin (25 nm) gallium arsenide (GaAs) layers. We have shown through the design and fabrication of a proof-of-concept structure the potential of metallic nanogrids to confine efficiently light absorption with an ultra-thin GaAs layer.Finally, advanced light-trapping structures could also allow a thickness reduction of crystalline silicon wafers of a factor 20 to 100 with respect to state-of-the-art cells. We have developed a process to transfer micron-thick epitaxial crystalline silicon (c-Si) layers onto a low-cost host substrate. Inverted nanopyramids have also been fabricated in crystalline silicon in order to achieve a broadband anti-reflection effect. It opens promising perspectives towards the realization of double-sided nanopatterned ultra-thin c-Si cells.
Clozapine reinitiation following a “red result” secondary to chemotherapy

We describe a case of a patient whose clozapine was discontinued after a “red result” following R-CHOP (rituximab with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, and prednisolone) chemotherapy for large B-cell lymphoma. In some cases, manufacturers grant permission, on compassionate grounds, for clozapine to be continued or reinitiated following assessment by their consultant hematologist. Other than a recent case report, there is not much literature surrounding this medical issue. However, since the two leading causes of mortality in schizophrenia are cancer and cardiac disease, this is not an uncommon occurrence. Clinicians are reluctant to prescribe clozapine in view of its side-effect profile, despite its proven efficacy for managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The alternative is to prescribe two antipsychotics to manage symptoms. This approach may be associated with increased side effects, and evidence for actual benefits is scant. The consequences were disastrous in this case, as the individual not only relapsed following clozapine discontinuation, but the therapy for this treatable form of lymphoma had to be delayed. He was eventually admitted to an inpatient unit after having been stable for 15 years. We managed to stabilize him with olanzapine and aripiprazole which enabled the heme-oncology group to resume R-CHOP therapy with filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor). Even so, he continued to exhibit severe psychotic symptoms, with religious delusions and auditory hallucinations. We therefore applied for permission to rechallenge him on clozapine. Permission was granted when protocol conditions were met, and reinitiation went without any adverse events. The patient’s symptoms showed improvement within a few weeks, and the other antipsychotics were discontinued once clozapine was titrated up to 300 mg. The decision to reinitiate clozapine following a red result is not to be taken lightly, but needs to be considered in terms of the risks versus benefits. More literature surrounding this issue would be of great benefit to clinicians, patients, and their families.
Modeling interactions based on consistent patterns

Providers of Web based services are interested in monitoring the usage of their services in combination with those of other providers. The identification of services frequently accessed together may be valuable as a basis for strategic collaboration among their owners. We propose data mining to discover services of different providers which could complement one another, based on their usage. In particular we model the activities of a user as a sequence of service invocations recorded in a log, on which pattern discovery techniques can be applied. However we claim that conventional sequence mining is not adequate for this type of application. This is because, conventional mining concentrates on frequent (or infrequent) patterns of access, while we also require a notion of the consistency of these access patterns as a basis for collaboration. We present a model for constructing patterns that depict consistently used sequences of activities. This model is general enough to be applied to any system of autonomous entities, where relationships between entities are dynamic. For testing our model, we have analyzed the behavior of users in a news group, in order to determine consistent patterns in the way users respond to questions posed to the group.
Space-Aware Modeling of Two-Phase Electric Charging Stations

In order to match the energy demand of electric vehicles to the capacity of the power grid, it is fundamental to understand the occupancy of charging stations and to react accordingly. A Markov model of a fast charging station for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, i.e., the most prevalent type today, is proposed. Li-Ion batteries present a two-step charging profile, making energy management particularly challenging. A wide range of situations is covered by considering three types of scenarios with and without waiting lines. The analytical results obtained from the steady-state solution of the Markov model reveal the behavior of multiple variables of interest: availability of the charging station to accept new customers (in terms of space and energy), number of customers, energy consumption, and power utilization. From the results, indicators for assessing the quality of service of the charging station are derived. Based on these indicators, customers may decide either to wait or to head toward another station. The owners of the stations, in turn, can predict the impact of investments in space and energy provisioning, when devising capacity planning strategies.
Sarcomas After Inoculation of Newborn Hamsters with Herpes virus hominis Type 2 Strains 1

Summary Inoculation of newborn hamsters with virus doses greater than 103 TCD50 of types 1 or 2 Herpes virus hominis (HVH) strains caused a mortality approaching 100%. With lesser virus doses, nine sarcomas have been found 5–28 months after inoculation of four different noninactivated HVH type 2 strains and one other ultraviolet-inactivated type 2 strain. None of the animals inoculated with HVH type 1 strains developed tumors, and one newborn hamster inoculated intrathoracically with Eagle's MEM developed a cheek-pouch well-differentiated fibrosarcoma. Eight of the nine tumors with HVH type 2 strains were at or close to the site of inoculation and the histological characteristics of some of these tumors differ from those associated with other viral-induced hamster sarcomas. No clear-cut evidence of a relationship between HVH and the tumors by a variety of virological and serological assays has been obtained as yet. The finding of C-type particles in two of three tumors or their explants by electron microscopy has raised further questions about the role of HVH in the causation of the tumors found.
Isolation Enhancement between Two Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antennas Using EBG Structure without Common Ground Plane

In order to enhance the isolation level between two dual-band E-slot microstrip patch antennas, EBG structure which operates in UMTS Tx(1.92~1.98 GHz) and Rx(2.11~2.17 GHz) band is proposed. The proposed EBG structure made with a periodic array of two different size EBG unit cells which has a modified mushroom-type for isolation improvement between two antennas. They do not share a common ground plane of the microstrip patch antenna. Overall size of the fabricated antenna is . The two different EBG unit cell sizes are and , respectively. It was etched on the FR-4 substrate(thickness
Collaborative interaction with volumetric displays

Volumetric displays possess a number of unique properties which potentially make them particularly suitable for collaborative 3D applications. Because such displays have only recently become available, interaction techniques for collaborative usage have yet to be explored. In this paper, we initiate this exploration. We present a prototype collaborative 3D model viewing application, which served as a platform for our explorations. We outline three design goals, discuss the key interaction issues which were encountered, and describe a suite of new techniques in detail. In initial user observation sessions, we found that our techniques allowed users to successfully complete a variety of 3D tasks. Furthermore, interviews with experts in potential usage domains indicated that the techniques we developed can serve as a baseline for future collaborative applications for volumetric displays.
Neural correlates of shape from shading

&NA; Psychophysical studies have shown that human observers resolve shape‐from‐shading ambiguities by assuming that light is coming from above‐left. Using event‐related potentials (ERPs), we measured the processing time of the perception of an ambiguous shaded pattern. We found that the N2 component followed the change of perceived shape with stimulus orientation.We also found that the P1 component in occipital and temporal areas was correlated with the observers' idiosyncratic bias for light source position. The precocity of the correlated ERP components suggests that the light source is represented early in the visual system. Altogether, our results indicate that shape‐from‐shading is a mostly bottom‐up mechanism. NeuroReport 14:971–975 © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Forecasting the Impact of Heart Failure in the United States: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association

Background—Heart failure (HF) is an important contributor to both the burden and cost of national healthcare expenditures, with more older Americans hospitalized for HF than for any other medical condition. With the aging of the population, the impact of HF is expected to increase substantially. Methods and Results—We estimated future costs of HF by adapting a methodology developed by the American Heart Association to project the epidemiology and future costs of HF from 2012 to 2030 without double counting the costs attributed to comorbid conditions. The model assumes that HF prevalence will remain constant by age, sex, and race/ethnicity and that rising costs and technological innovation will continue at the same rate. By 2030, >8 million people in the United States (1 in every 33) will have HF. Between 2012 and 2030, real (2010$) total direct medical costs of HF are projected to increase from $21 billion to $53 billion. Total costs, including indirect costs for HF, are estimated to increase from $31 billion in 2012 to $70 billion in 2030. If one assumes all costs of cardiac care for HF patients are attributable to HF (no cost attribution to comorbid conditions), the 2030 projected cost estimates of treating patients with HF will be 3-fold higher ($160 billion in direct costs). Conclusions—The estimated prevalence and cost of care for HF will increase markedly because of aging of the population. Strategies to prevent HF and improve the efficiency of care are needed.
The Antinociceptive Effects of JWH-015 in Chronic Inflammatory Pain Are Produced by Nitric Oxide-cGMP-PKG-KATP Pathway Activation Mediated by Opioids

Background Cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) agonists attenuate inflammatory pain but the precise mechanism implicated in these effects is not completely elucidated. We investigated if the peripheral nitric oxide-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG)-ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels signaling pathway triggered by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) and modulated by opioids, participates in the local antinociceptive effects produced by a CB2R agonist (JWH-015) during chronic inflammatory pain. Methodology/Principal Findings In wild type (WT) and NOS1 knockout (NOS1-KO) mice, at 10 days after the subplantar administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), we evaluated the antiallodynic (von Frey filaments) and antihyperalgesic (plantar test) effects produced by the subplantar administration of JWH-015 and the reversion of their effects by the local co-administration with CB2R (AM630), peripheral opioid receptor (naloxone methiodide, NX-ME) or CB1R (AM251) antagonists. Expression of CB2R and NOS1 as well as the antinociceptive effects produced by a high dose of JWH-015 combined with different doses of selective L-guanylate cyclase (ODQ) or PKG (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs) inhibitors or a KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide), were also assessed. Results show that the local administration of JWH-015 dose-dependently inhibited the mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity induced by CFA which effects were completely reversed by the local co-administration of AM630 or NX-ME, but not AM251. Inflammatory pain increased the paw expression of CB2R and the dorsal root ganglia transcription of NOS1. Moreover, the antinociceptive effects of JWH-015 were absent in NOS1-KO mice and diminished by their co-administration with ODQ, Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs or glibenclamide. Conclusions/Significance These data indicate that the peripheral antinociceptive effects of JWH-015 during chronic inflammatory pain are mainly produced by the local activation of the nitric oxide-cGMP-PKG-KATP signaling pathway, triggered by NOS1 and mediated by endogenous opioids. These findings suggest that the activation of this pathway might be an interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain with cannabinoids.
Individual Differences in Environmental Sensitivity

A fundamental trait found in most organisms is the ability to register, process, and respond to external factors. Although such environmental sensitivity is critical for adapting successfully to contextual conditions, individuals tend to differ in their sensitivity to the environment, with some more sensitive than others. Such differences in environmental sensitivity can be seen across many species, including humans. Although the notion of variability in environmental sensitivity is reflected indirectly in many traditional concepts of human psychology, several new frameworks address individual differences in environmental sensitivity more directly and from a perspective of developmental and evolutionary theory. In this article, I integrate these perspectives into a broad meta-framework before proposing ideas for research on individual differences in environmental sensitivity. I also emphasize that inter-individual variability in environmental sensitivity be considered in both theoretical and applied work.
The contribution of post-copulatory mechanisms to incipient ecological speciation in sticklebacks

Ecology can play a major role in species diversification. As individuals are adapting to contrasting habitats, reproductive barriers may evolve at multiple levels. While pre-mating barriers have been extensively studied, the evolution of post-mating reproductive isolation during early stages of ecological speciation remains poorly understood. In diverging three-spined stickleback ecotypes from two lakes and two rivers, we observed differences in sperm traits between lake and river males. Interestingly, these differences did not translate into ecotype-specific gamete precedence for sympatric males in competitive in vitro fertilization experiments, potentially owing to antagonistic compensatory effects. However, we observed indirect evidence for impeded development of inter-ecotype zygotes, possibly suggesting an early stage of genetic incompatibility between ecotypes. Our results show that pre-zygotic post-copulatory mechanisms play a minor role during this first stage of ecotype divergence, but suggest that genetic incompatibilities may arise at early stages of ecological speciation.
A Distributed Algorithm for Maximal Throughput and Optimal Fairness in Wireless Networks with a General Interference Model

In multi-hop wireless networks, earlier research on joint scheduling and congestion control has suggested that MAClayer scheduling is the bottleneck. Distributed scheduling for maximal throughput is difficult since the conflicting relationship between different links is complex. Existing works on maximalthroughput scheduling usually assumes synchronized time s lots, and in each slot, a maximal-weighted “independent set” need s to be found or approximated. However, this is hard to implement in distributed networks. On the other hand, a distributed greedy protocol similar to IEEE 802.11 can only achieve a fraction of the throughput region. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive CSMA algorithm, which can achieve the maximal throughput distributedly under some assumptions. The intuitive idea i s that each link should adjust its aggressiveness of transmission based on its backlog. Furthermore, we combine the algorithm with endto-end flow control to achieve fairness among competing flows . The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by simulation s.
Transcription Profiling of the Metal-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (J. & C. PRESL)

Abstract Thlaspi caerulescens is a well-studied metal-hyperaccumulator of zinc, cadmium and nickel, belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Moreover it is one of the few hyperaccumulators that occur on different metalliferous soil types, as well as on nonmetalliferous soils. We are interested in the development of systems to improve phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils through improved metal-accumulation. About 1900 cDNAs isolated from T. caerulescens roots were hybridized with reverse transcribed RNA from zinc-treated T. caerulescens plants of two accessions originating from two different soil types. This comparative transcript profiling of T. caerulescens plants resulted in the identification of genes that are affected by heavy metals. The developed microarray proved to be an appropriate tool for a large scale analysis of gene expression in this metal-accumulator species.
Abnormal behavior analysis using LDA

An abnormal behavior analysis method based on bag-of-words model and Latent Dirichlet Allocation was proposed. A video is representedas a collection of spatial-temporal words by using a Gabor filter to extractspace-time interest points. As the noise of the camera and the movement in neighboring frame can also be detected by the filter, we remove the redundant points. Using the 3D-sift features to describe the points and k-means algorithm to cluster the points into words. A video is processing as a text, and the interest points are the words. The LDA assuming that there are some latent topics between the words and the text, and analyzingthe video by the distributing of topic. Although our method uses fewer interest points, it can get a good accuracy. The algorithm was tested on the challenging datasets: Weizmann human action datasets and KTH datasets.
The tear ferning test: a simple clinical technique to evaluate the ocular tear film

A healthy tear film is very important for many major functions of the ocular surface. Dry eye disease is a significant clinical problem that needs to be solved but the poor correlation between clinical signs and reported symptoms makes it difficult for the clinician to apply a scientific basis to his clinical management. The problem is compounded by the difficulties of evaluating the tear film due to its transparency, small volume and complex composition. Practical insight into tear film composition would be very useful to the clinician for patient diagnosis and treatment but detailed analysis is restricted to expensive, laboratory‐based systems. There is a pressing need for a simple test. The tear ferning test is a laboratory test but it has the potential to be applied in the clinic setting to investigate the tear film in a simple way. Drying a small sample of tear fluid onto a clean, glass microscope slide produces a characteristic crystallisation pattern, described as a ‘tear fern’. This test is currently not widely used because of some limitations that need to be overcome but several studies have demonstrated its potential. Such limitations need to be resolved so that tear ferning could be used in the clinic setting to assess the tear film.
L 3 receptor-dependent therapeutic targeting of BCR-ABL-driven lymphoid eukemias

Despite the development of intensive combination chemotherpy, many leukemia patients still succumb to drug-resistant eukemia. In contrast to the success of ‘targeted’ tyrosine kinase nhibitor (TKI) therapy in BCR-ABL-driven chronic myelogenous eukemia (CML) [particularly in chronic phase (CP)], BCR-ABLriven acute lymphoblastic leukemias (including ‘de novo’ Ph+ LLs, and CML patients in lymphoid blast-crisis [LBC]) invariably elapse while on single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy [1]. n these TKI-resistant leukemias, a number of well-characterized rug-resistant BCR-ABL Kinase Domain (KD) mutations frequently merge in the dominant drug-resistant leukemic clone(s) [2]. hile tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be safely added to intenive combination chemotherapy regimens and improve outcome 3], BCR-ABL-driven lymphoid leukemias still remain one of the highest-risk’ leukemias, especially in adult populations. In this issue of Leukemia Research, Kim et al. [4] present vidence that targeting the Interleukin-3 (IL3) receptor within CR-ABL-driven lymphoid leukemias represents a viable theraeutic strategy worthy of further investigation. The IL3 (or IL-3) ytokine functions by binding the hetero-dimeric IL3 cell surace receptor complex comprised of the cytokine-specific IL3RA also referred to as IL-3R , CD123) and the common CSF2RB ubunit (commonly referred to as IL3R or CD131, a compoent of receptor complexes for the IL-5 and GM-CSF cytokines). L3 binding to this hetero-dimeric complex activates a JAK2ependent signaling cascade, culminating in a STAT5-dependent ranscriptional program [5]. Recognition of the frequent and levated cell surface expression of IL3 receptor subunits in priary leukemic myeloblasts, including leukemic stem cells (see elow), and IL3’s growth-stimulatory effects on patient-derived yeloblasts (reviewed in Ref. [6]) has prompted the develpment of IL-3-targeted therapeutics. The Frankel and Hogge esearch groups have developed [7] and pre-clinically validated 8,9] the utility of the diphtheria toxin-IL3 fusion (DT-IL3) protein T388IL3 that selectively binds to the extra-cellular IL3 recepor complex and eliminates IL3 receptor-expressing leukemic