Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The interplay of institution and family caregiving: relations between patient hassles, nursing home hassles and caregivers' burnout

This population‐based study investigated the relationship between stresses (hassles) and burnout for 30 family caregivers and their institutionalized demented elderly. The Burnout Measure, the Patient Hassles Scales and the Nursing Home Hassles Scale were used. Hassles included: patient hassles (cognitive, behavior, basic ADL) and nursing home hassles (caregiver – staff, patient – staff, practical/logistical). The caregiver's characteristics are described in relation to burnout and the caregiver's most frequent hassles are discussed. All subscales except basic ADL were correlated to burnout. However, regression analysis showed the nursing home hassles to be the most important stresses explaining variance in burnout among family caregivers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene-Environment Interplay in Twin Models

In this article, we respond to Shultziner's critique that argues that identical twins are more alike not because of genetic similarity, but because they select into more similar environments and respond to stimuli in comparable ways, and that these effects bias twin model estimates to such an extent that they are invalid. The essay further argues that the theory and methods that undergird twin models, as well as the empirical studies which rely upon them, are unaware of these potential biases. We correct this and other misunderstandings in the essay and find that gene-environment (GE) interplay is a well-articulated concept in behavior genetics and political science, operationalized as gene-environment correlation and gene-environment interaction. Both are incorporated into interpretations of the classical twin design (CTD) and estimated in numerous empirical studies through extensions of the CTD. We then conduct simulations to quantify the influence of GE interplay on estimates from the CTD. Due to the criticism's mischaracterization of the CTD and GE interplay, combined with the absence of any empirical evidence to counter what is presented in the extant literature and this article, we conclude that the critique does not enhance our understanding of the processes that drive political traits, genetic or otherwise.
The Role of Provenance Management in Accelerating the Rate of Astronomical Research

The availability of vast quantities of data through electronic archives has transformed astronomical research. It has also enabled the creation of new products, models and simulations, often from distributed input data and models, that are themselves made electronically available. These products will only provide maximal long-term value to astronomers when accompanied by records of their provenance; that is, records of the data and processes used in the creation of such products. We use the creation of image mosaics with the Montage grid-enabled mosaic engine to emphasize the necessity of provenance management and to understand the science requirements that higher-level products impose on provenance management technologies. We describe experiments with one technology, the "Provenance Aware Service Oriented Architecture" (PASOA), that stores provenance information at each step in the computation of a mosaic. The results inform the technical specifications of provenance management systems, including the need for extensible systems built on common standards. Finally, we describe examples of provenance management technology emerging from the fields of geophysics and oceanography that have applicability to astronomy applications.
Differences in the subregional and cellular distribution of GABAA receptor binding in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic brain

Recent postmortem studies have reported a marked upregulation of GABAA receptor binding activity in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices of schizophrenic subjects. Because the hippocampal formation is a key corticolimbic region that has also been implicated by both postmortem and brain imaging studies in the pathophysiology of this disorder, the current report has sought to determine whether alterations of GABAA receptor binding might also be detected in this region from 15 normal controls and 8 schizophrenic subjects. Using a low resolution autoradiographic approach, the results show a significant increase of specific GABAA receptor binding activity in the area dentata (granule cell layer), CA4, CA3 (str. oriens, str. pyramidale), subiculum, and presubiculum of the schizophrenic group. The magnitude of the increase was greatest in CA3 and lowest in the CA1 sector. When high resolution analyses were performed on emulsion‐coverslip preparations, a modest increase of binding (43%, P = 0.05) was observed on pyramidal, but not non‐pyramidal neurons in sector CA1. Rather unexpectedly, GABAA binding in sector CA3 was not significantly different on pyramidal cells, but was almost three‐fold higher (P = 0.015) on non‐pyramidal neurons of the schizophrenic group. There was no relationship of age or the postmortem interval to the parameters showing significant changes in the schizophrenic group. Moreover, patients both with and without neuroleptic exposure showed upregulation of GABAA receptor binding activity. Taking together the rather modest increase of binding activity in CA1 and the more marked upregulation in CA3, as well as the differential changes on pyramidal neurons of CA1 vs. non‐pyramidal neurons in CA3, the findings reported here are consistent with the possibility that a disturbance of brain development could have occurred either perinatally or perhaps even well into the postnatal period, and have given rise to discreet subregional and cellular alterations of disinhibitory GABAergic modulation in sector CA3 of schizophrenics. Overall, the data reported here provide further evidence that alterations of GABAergic activity may occur in the hippocampal formation of schizophrenic patients. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors and periodontal bone loss.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bone loss caused by enhanced osteoclast activity is a significant feature of periodontitis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can suppress osteoclast-mediated bone loss in vitro and in vivo. This study investigated whether HDACi can suppress bone loss in experimental periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice by oral inoculation with Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Mice were treated orally with olive oil alone, with olive oil and a novel compound - 1179.4b - which targets both Class I and Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) or with olive oil and MS-275, which targets Class I HDACs. Micro-computed tomography scans of live mice, stereo imaging and histological analyses were used to detect changes in bone. RESULTS In the absence of treatment there was a 13.2% increase in bone volume in controls compared with a 7.4% decrease in P. gingivalis-inoculated mice. 1179.4b significantly reduced bone loss, with a 3.4% increase in bone volume (p < 0.01). MS-275 did not have a significant effect on P. gingivalis-induced bone loss. Histological analysis revealed that 1179.4b reduced bone loss despite having no effect on inflammation. CONCLUSION HDACi were found to effectively suppress bone loss in the mouse model of periodontitis. 1179.4b - the inhibitor of Class I and Class II HDACs - was more effective at suppressing bone loss than MS-275, which targets Class I HDACs only. These compounds may therefore have the potential to be used for the management of periodontitis.
Utilisation d'une méthode optique sans contact pour décrire le comportement mécanique de composites bois/plastique

On etudie dans cet article le comportement en traction de composites fibre de bois/polyethylene (WPC) avec et sans additif en utilisant des mesures de champs par stereo-correlation d’images numeriques. Les valeurs de deformation macroscopique mesurees sont comparables a celles obtenues par extensometrie mecanique classique. Le module d’Young est evalue sur un modele de Maxwell-Binhgam ajuste sur les courbes experimentales. D’autre part, on analyse le comportement endommageable de WPC a 30% de bois et le degre d’heterogeneite pour differents pourcentages de bois a l’aide des valeurs de l’ecart type spatial du champ de deformation longitudinale.
Electrophysiological characteristics of renorenal reflexes in the cat.

1. Experiments were done in anaesthetized, paralysed and artificially ventilated cats to determine the fibre composition of renal nerves and to study the functional characteristics of reflex responses recorded in efferent renal nerves during electrical stimulation of contralateral and ipsilateral afferent renal nerves. 2. Renal nerves were found to contain three afferent fibre groups (Abeta, Adelta and C); the majority of these fibres reach the sympathetic chain through the least splanchnic nerve. Efferent sympathetic nerves to the kidney were found to originate from the greater, lesser and least splanchnic nerves through a synapse in the coeliac ganglion. 3. Two contralateral renorenal reflex responses were demonstrated during selective stimulation of renal afferent A and C fibres. The first (A renorenal reflex) was elicited by stimulation with trains of pulses at low voltage and high frequency (200 Hz), had an onset latency of approximately 100 msec and was followed by post‐excitatory depression. The second (C renorenal reflex) was demonstrated by trains of pulses at high voltage and low frequency (20‐‐30 Hz), had an onset latency of approximately 350 msec and was also followed by post‐excitatory depression. 4. Ipsilateral renorenal reflexes with characteristics similar to the contralateral reflexes were also demonstrated. 5. Renorenal reflexes were abolished by destruction of the spinal cord and administration of nicotine sulphate (5‐‐20 mg/kg, i.v.), but were not affected by bicuculline (0.4 mg/kg, i.f.). 6. The significance and the physiological role of these renorenal reflexes as well as their pathways within the central nervous system remain to be determined.
Purinergic control of intercellular communication between Hensen's cells of the guinea‐pig cochlea

1 Hensen's cells in the isolated cochlea were stimulated by extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) applied to their endolymphatic surface while changes in membrane current and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured simultaneously. The response consisted of (i) an initial rapid inward current accompanied by elevation of the [Ca2+]i, (ii) a more slowly rising inward current accompanied by a rise of the [Ca2+]i and (iii) a slowly developing reduction of input conductance. 2 The slower responses were maintained in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Similar responses were produced by increasing the [Ca2+]i via UV flash photolysis of intracellular d‐myo‐inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate, P4(5)‐(1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl) ester (caged InsP3) loaded at pipette concentrations of 8–16 μm. 3 The slow inward current, reversing around 0 mV, was blocked by 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (DIDS). 4 Bath application of U‐73122 (1 μm), a phospholipase C inhibitor, eliminated the slow Ca2+‐release component of the response to ATP. It is proposed that the effects of ATP are mediated by the co‐activation of ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. 5 Immunohistochemistry using light and electron microscopy revealed that inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors delineate a network within the cells. 6 The coupling ratio (CR) between cell pairs measured in dual patch‐clamp recordings was 0.356 ± 0.024. The coupling reversibly decreased to 51 % of the control within 2 min of applying 100 μm ATP. Flash photolysis of 32 μm intracellular caged InsP3 and 1 mm caged Ca2+ reduced CR to 42 and 62 % of the control, respectively. 7 We propose that endolymphatic ATP via P2X and P2Y receptors can control intercellular communication amongst Hensen's cells by reducing gap junction conductance in a Ca2+‐ and InsP3‐dependent manner.
Fully Secure and Succinct Attribute Based Encryption for Circuits from Multi-linear Maps

We propose new fully secure attribute based encryption (ABE) systems for polynomialsize circuits in both key-policy and ciphertext-policy flavors. All the previous ABE systems for circuits were proved only selectively secure. Our schemes are based on asymmetric graded encoding systems in composite-order settings. The assumptions consist of the Subgroup Decision assumptions and two assumptions which are similar to Multi-linear Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption (but more complex) and are proved to hold in the generic graded encoding model. Both of our systems enjoy succinctness: key and ciphertext sizes are proportional to their corresponding circuit and input string sizes. Our ciphertext-policy ABE for circuits is the first to achieve succinctness, and the first that can deal with unbounded-size circuits (even among selectively secure systems). We develop new techniques for proving co-selective security of keypolicy ABE for circuits, which is the main ingredient for the dual-system encryption framework that uses computational arguments for enforcing full security.
Guaranteeing Deadlines for Inter-Data Center Transfers

Inter-data center wide area networks (inter-DC WANs) carry a significant amount of data transfers that require to be completed within certain time periods, or deadlines. However, very little work has been done to guarantee such deadlines. The crux is that the current inter-DC WAN lacks an interface for users to specify their transfer deadlines and a mechanism for provider to ensure the completion while maintaining high WAN utilization. In this paper, we address the problem by introducing a deadline-based network abstraction (DNA) for inter-DC WANs. DNA allows users to explicitly specify the amount of data to be delivered and the deadline by which it has to be completed. The malleability of DNA provides flexibility in resource allocation. Based on this, we develop a system called Amoeba that implements DNA. Our simulations and test bed experiments show that Amoeba, by harnessing DNA’s malleability, accommodates 15% more user requests with deadlines, while achieving 60% higher WAN utilization than prior solutions.
Cloxacillin as an antibiotic lock solution for prevention of catheter-associated infection.

INTRODUCTION Catheter-related infection is associated with increased all-cause mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to evaluate an antimicrobial lock solution (cloxacillin and heparin) in temporary noncuffed double-lumen catheters for long-term intermittent hemodialysis as a method of preventing catheter-related infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients on hemodialysis with noncuffed temporary double lumen catheter were randomly divided into 2 groups. Fifty patients received a solution containing cloxacillin, 100 mg/mL, plus heparin, 1000 IU/mL as a 2.5-mL solution instilled in each of catheter lumens after dialysis session. Another 50 patients received only heparin. They were allowed to dwell until the next session of dialysis. RESULTS One catheter-related bacteremia was observed in the antibiotic group whereas catheter-related bacteremia was observed in 8 of those who received heparin only. The rate of catheter-related bacteremia episodes were 0.5 per 1000 catheter-days in the antibiotic group versus 7.8 per 1000 catheter-days in the control group (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, application of cloxacillin as antibiotic lock solution for dialysis catheters resulted in a considerable reduction in catheter-related bacteremia rate.
Using the UML Testing Profile for Enterprise Service Choreographies

In this paper we present an approach of using model-driven technologies for testing of service component interactions. We report on an industrial experiment with a novel combination of existing UML standards, i.e., the UML Testing Profile (U2TP), in conjunction with proprietary domain specific languages (DSLs). Many model-based testing (MBT) approaches use the UML 2 standard, but very few of them use also U2TP. Moreover, in practice UML coexists with DSLs which makes the overall integration not easy. We present our experiences and challenges of a U2TP-enabled MBT approach for a DSL for enterprise service choreographies, which describe the communication protocols between service components. The proposed workflow directly translates choreographies into UML models augmented with U2TP stereotypes, which are further loaded into our FOKUS! MBT tool chain. The tool provides an implementation of the U2TP standalone meta-model along with test case and test data generators to describe a holistic test process within one dedicated meta-model for testing concerns.
Comprehensive study of several general and type-specific primer pairs for detection of human papillomavirus DNA by PCR in paraffin-embedded cervical carcinomas

We have compared the efficacies of three general primer pairs for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinomas. The use of these primer pairs leads to underestimates of the HPV prevalence (GP5/6, 61.1%; CPI/IIG, 57.4%; MY09/11, 46.9%; combined, 72.8%). The efficacy of each primer pair seemed to be inversely correlated to the length of the amplimer produced. By using newly developed type-specific primer pairs (amplimer length, approximately 100 bp), an increase in HPV DNA detection (87.6%) was found.
Two Leading ENSO Modes and El Niño Types in the Zebiak-Cane Model

AbstractModern instrumental records reveal that El Nino events differ in their spatial patterns and temporal evolutions. Attempts have been made to categorize them roughly into two main types: eastern Pacific (EP; or cold tongue) and central Pacific (CP; or warm pool) El Nino events. In this study, we use a modified version of Zebiak-Cane (MZC) coupled model to examine the dynamics of these two types of El Nino events. We conducted linear eigen-analysis of the model to show that there are two leading ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) modes with their SST patterns resembling those of two types of El Nino. Thus, we refer them as the EP and CP ENSO modes. These two modes sensitively depend on the changes in the mean states. The heat budget analyses demonstrate that the EP (CP) mode is dominated by thermocline (zonal advective) feedback. Therefore, weak (strong) mean wind stress and deep (shallow) mean thermocline prefers the EP (CP) ENSO mode because of the relatively dominance of thermocline (zonal advect.
Developing a suite of demand parameters for Inner Sydney public transport

Transport Performance and Analytics of Transport for NSW (TfNSW) has developed a public transport project model to forecast patronage from changes in public transport provision. Parameters describing how passengers respond to different aspects of their journey such as frequency, onboard time, vehicle quality, stop quality and fare are an important input into the model. The paper describes how a suite of parameters was developed through literature review and market research. The literature review identified parameter gaps and benchmark values. The market research involved three Stated Preference (SP) surveys and one rating survey of vehicle and stop quality. Altogether 6,710 passengers were surveyed by interview using computer tablets or by onboard self completion questionnaire.
Anti-inflammatory effects of troglitazone in nondiabetic obese subjects independent of changes in insulin sensitivity.

BACKGROUND Obesity is characterised by insulin resistance and by elevated levels of proinflammatory markers. We investigated whether, in the absence of changes in glucose, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have anti-inflammatory effects and whether improvement of insulin sensitivity correlates with suppression of inflammatory markers. METHODS We performed a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with troglitazone (400 mg daily for eight weeks) in 15 normoglycaemic obese subjects. We measured plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) after each of the two treatment periods and in 13 age- and sex-matched lean individuals. RESULTS Obese subjects were insulin resistant (decreased glucose infusion rate (GIR) during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp) and had higher plasma levels of hsCRP, IL-6, leptin, tPA, and PAI-1 compared with lean subjects. TNF-alpha also tended to be higher. Troglitazone improved insulin sensitivity (mean increase in whole body glucose uptake 23.1 +/- 10.5% (p = 0.047)) and normalised plasma concentrations of hsCRP, tPA and TNF-alpha, whereas it did not significantly change IL-6, leptin and PAI-1. Changes in GIR did not correlate with changes in inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Troglitazone induces suppression of some of the inflammatory markers that are elevated in normoglycaemic obese subjects. The suppression of inflammatory markers, however, does not correlate with improvement in insulin sensitivity, suggesting involvement of partially differential mechanisms in these effects of TZDs.
Advanced diagnosis: SBST and BIST integration in automotive E/E architectures

The constantly growing amount of semiconductors in automotive systems increases the number of possible defect mechanisms, and therefore raises also the effort to maintain a sufficient level of quality and reliability. A promising solution to this problem is the on-line application of structural tests in key components, typically ECUs. In this work, an approach for the optimized integration of both Software-Based Self-Tests (SBST) and Built-In Self-Tests (BIST) into E/E architectures is presented. The approach integrates the execution of the tests non-intrusively, i. e. , it (a) does not affect functional applications and (b) does not require costly changes in the communication schedules or additional communication overhead. Via design space exploration, optimized implementations with respect to multiple conflicting objectives, i. e. , monetary costs, safety, test quality, and required execution time are derived.
Practical Techniques for Regeneration and Immunization of COTS Applications ∗

In this paper, we describe RAMSES, a system for immunizing COTS applications from exploitation of common security vulnerabilities. RAMSES defends applications from many classes of attacks prevalent today. These attacks either have no effect on a RAMSES-protected application, or at worst, they cause an application crash. For attacks that do cause a crash, RAMSES learns from attack instances to generate improved responses that can then be deployed to protect application integrity as well as availability. Unlike many previous efforts in this area that required heavy-weight taint analysis, RAMSES achieves these benefits using light-weight techniques that typically introduce less than 5% overhead. Our experiments demonstrate that RAMSES is very effective for protecting a range of applications on the Microsoft Windows operating system. Thus, our techniques provide some of the benefits typically associated with vendor patches, while mitigating their drawback