Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LOP_RE: Range encoding for low power packet classification

State-of-the-art hardware based techniques achieve high performance and maximize efficiency of packet classification applications. The predominant example of these, Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) based packet classification systems can achieve much higher throughput than software-based techniques. However, they suffer from high power consumption due to the highly parallel architecture and lack high-throughput range encoding techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel SRAM-based packet classification architecture with packet-side search key range encoding units, significantly reducing energy consumption without reducing the throughput from that of TCAM and additionally allowing range matching at wire speed. LOP_RE is a flexible packet classification system which can be customized to the requirement of the application. Ten different benchmarks were tested, with results showing that LOP_RE architectures provide high lookup rates and throughput, and consume low power and energy. Compared with a TCAM-based packet classification system (without range encoding) implemented in 65nm CMOS technology, LOP_RE can save 65% energy consumption for the same rule set over these benchmarks.
Fractures of allografts. Frequency, treatment, and end-results.

One of the major complications of implantation of a massive frozen cadaveric allograft in the treatment of a tumor is fracture of the allograft. To determine the incidence, risk factors, appropriate management, and results of treatment of this complication, the records of the Orthopaedic Oncology Unit of the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed. Forty-three patients were identified in whom a tumor had been treated with an allograft that had subsequently fractured. The over-all incidence of fracture was almost 16 per cent. When the several risk factors (age and sex of the patient, stage and site of the lesion, and so on) for the forty-three patients who had a fracture were compared with those for the rest of the series, the only correlation was the incidence of non-union at the site of the host-donor junction, which was significantly higher in the patients who had a fracture. The mean time to fracture was 28.6 months after the operation. Three types of fractures occurred: Type I (two patients), rapid dissolution of the graft; Type II (twenty-two patients), fracture of the shaft, which was observed more frequently in male patients and which occurred a mean of 27.6 months after the operation; and Type III (nineteen patients), fragmentation of the joint, which usually occurred later (a mean of 31.6 months postoperatively) and was found more frequently in female patients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combined coagulation phase-directed factor Xa inhibition with heparin compounds and DX-9065a - A direct and selective antagonist

The development of novel anticoagulants for use in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has evolved steadily, emphasizing the importance of cellular surface biochemistry and the highly integrated contribution of platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells in the thrombotic process. Accordingly, tissue factor and its primary complexing coagulation proteases, factor VIIa and Xa, represent attractive targets for pharmacologic inhibition of thrombin generation. Although combined or “multi-site directed” pharmacologic therapy is an appealing construct for the attenuation of vascular thrombosis in ACS, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationships that may potentially influence safety, efficacy and dosing must be considered carefully. DX-9065a is the first in a class of synthetic, small-molecule, .
The methanogenic CO2 reducing-and-fixing enzyme is bifunctional and contains 46 [4Fe-4S] clusters

The long and winding road to methane The process by which archaea make methane involves a series of reactions and enzymes. First, CO2 and methanofuran (MFR) are reduced to formyl-MFR by an as yet unresolved mechanism. Wagner et al. solved the x-ray crystal structure of a tungsten-containing formyl-MFR dehydrogenase complex. Two active sites in the complex are separated by a 43-Å tunnel, which is responsible for transferring the formate made after CO2 reduction. The complex also contains a chain of 46 iron-sulfur clusters. Although the exact function of this chain is unclear, it may electronically couple the four tungsten redox centers. Science, this issue p. 114 The structural details of a CO2 reducing enzyme reveal long-distance coupling of active sites and tungsten redox centers. Biological methane formation starts with a challenging adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–independent carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation process. We explored this enzymatic process by solving the x-ray crystal structure of formyl-methanofuran dehydrogenase, determined here as Fwd(ABCDFG)2 and Fwd(ABCDFG)4 complexes, from Methanothermobacter wolfeii. The latter 800-kilodalton apparatus consists of four peripheral catalytic sections and an electron-supplying core with 46 electronically coupled [4Fe-4S] clusters. Catalysis is separately performed by subunits FwdBD (FwdB and FwdD), which are related to tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenase, and subunit FwdA, a binuclear metal center carrying amidohydrolase. CO2 is first reduced to formate in FwdBD, which then diffuses through a 43-angstrom-long tunnel to FwdA, where it condenses with methanofuran to formyl-methanofuran. The arrangement of [4Fe-4S] clusters functions as an electron relay but potentially also couples the four tungstopterin active sites over 206 angstroms.
p21WAF1/CIP1 antisense therapy radiosensitizes human colon cancer by converting growth arrest to apoptosis.

Substantial evidence suggests that loss of cellular p21WAF1/CIP1 results in increased apoptotic killing by ionizing radiation. We hypothesized that a p21 antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) could be used to sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy. In vitro treatment of colon cancer cells (HCT116/p21+/+) with p21 AS ODN (200 nM) led to inhibition of radiation-induced p21 expression (>95% inhibition, 0-30 Gy), resulting in a loss of G1 arrest and an enhancement of apoptosis to comparable levels and with similar kinetics to HCT116/p21-/- cells (approximately 60% apoptotic cells at 96 h after 10 Gy). In vivo, p21 AS ODN in combination with radiation (i.p. ODN for 6 days at 20 mg/kg/day and 15 Gy) increased apoptosis in s.c. p21+/+ tumors in nude mice to levels similar to those of p21-/- tumors (2-fold at 24 h postirradiation) and improved radiocurability of p21+/+ tumors to levels comparable to those of p21-/- tumors (p21+/+, two of eight cures versus p21-/-, two of nine cures). Our findings suggest that p21 AS treatment may be a rational approach to improve conventional radiotherapy outcomes.
Comparing alternatives for capturing dynamic information in Bag-of-Visual-Features approaches applied to human actions recognition

Bag-of-Visual-Features (BoVF) representations have achieved a great success when used for object recognition, mainly because of their robustness to several kinds of variations and occlusion. Recently, a number of BoVF approaches has been proposed also for recognition of human actions from videos. One important issue that arises when using BoVF for videos is how to take dynamic information into account, and most proposals rely on 3D extensions of 2D visual descriptors for this. However, we envision alternative approaches based on 2D descriptors applied to the spatio-temporal video planes, instead of to the traditionally explored by previous work. Thus, in this paper, we address the following question: what is the cost-effectiveness of a BoVF approach built from such 2D descriptors when compared to one based on the state-of-the-art 3D Spatio-Temporal Interest Points (STIPs) descriptor? We evaluate the recognition rate and time complexity of alternative 2D descriptors applied to different sets of spatio-temporal planes, and the state-of-the-art STIPs. Experimental results show that, with proper settings, 2D descriptors can yield the same recognition results as those provided by STIP, but at a significantly higher time complexity.
Relationship and Pattern of Adults and Minors Visitor at the Federal University of Agriculture Zoo Park, Abeokuta, Ogun State

Population influx and the relationship between adults and minorsvisitantsto the Federal University of Agriculture Zoological Park were investigated within six months. This was necessary in order to determine their population difference and relationship. Total population of two thousands, four hundred and twenty-nine (2,429) visitors majorly made up of one thousand, eight hundred and twenty-nine (1,829) minor visitors and six hundred (600) adults visitors were recorded in the Zoo Park within period of six months.Monthly visitation pattern from December, 2012 – May, 2013 showed that the highest peak occurred in the Month of May, 2013 followed by March, 2013. Total mean population of adults and minors visitors within the six months was 100±21 adults and 304±115 minors respectively. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relationship between adults and minors visitors. The relationship between these variables was significant, X2 (5, N = 2429) = 232, p <0.05and revealed that minors are found of visiting the zoo more than the adults within the period of study. It was concluded that notable public holiday and mid-term might be factor responsible for the minors’ attendants. Improved exhibitions and educational programs that encourage adult visitants and as well improve minors visit are recommended. Key Words: Zoo Park, Visitants, Pattern, Relationship
L0-Norm-Based Sparse Representation Through Alternate Projections

We present a simple and robust method for finding sparse representations in overcomplete transforms, based on minimization of the L0-norm. Our method is better than current solutions based on minimization of the L1-norm in terms of energy compaction. These results strongly question the equivalence of minimizing both norms in real conditions. We also show application to in-painting (interpolation of lost pixels).
Joint Relay and Jammer Selection for Secure Decode-and-Forward Two-Way Relay Communications

In this paper, we investigate joint relay and jammer selection in a two-way relay network with secrecy constraints, in which there are two sources, a cluster of intermediate nodes, and one eavesdropper. Under a decode-and-forward (DF) protocol, the considered two-way relay network implements a complete transmission in three phases. An intermediate node is selected as conventional relay and another two are selected as jammers during these phases, in order to improve security against the malicious eavesdropper. We find that when the jamming power is higher than that of source nodes, the proposed scheme has a better and more stable secrecy performance than the conventional non- jamming schemes. In addition, the system's security status gets increasingly better when more intermediate nodes are added into the relay/jamming cluster.
Measuring the Complexity of Ultra-Large-Scale Adaptive Systems

Ultra-large scale (ULS) systems are becoming pervasive. They are inherently complex, which makes their design and control a challenge for traditional methods. Here we propose the design and analysis of ULS systems using measures of complexity, emergence, self-organization, and homeostasis based on information theory. These measures allow the evaluation of ULS systems and thus can be used to guide their design. We evaluate the proposal with a ULS computing system provided with adaptation mechanisms. We show the evolution of the system with stable and also changing workload, using different fitness functions. When the adaptive plan forces the system to converge to a predefined performance level, the nodes may result in highly unstable configurations, that correspond to a high variance in time of the measured complexity. Conversely, if the adaptive plan is less "aggressive", the system may be more stable, but the optimal performance may not be achieved.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

More than 25,000 hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) are performed each year for the treatment of lymphoma, leukemia, immune-deficiency illnesses, congenital metabolic defects, hemoglobinopathies, and myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes. Before transplantation, patients receive intensive myeloablative chemoradiotherapy followed by stem cell “rescue. ” Autologous HSCT is performed using the patient’s own hematopoietic stem cells, which are harvested before transplantation and reinfused after myeloablation. Allogeneic HSCT uses human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched stem cells derived from a donor. Survival after allogeneic transplantation depends on donor–recipient matching, the graft-versus-host response, and the development of a graft versus leukemia effect. This article reviews the biology of stem cells, clinical efficacy of HSCT, transplantation procedures, and potential complications.
Pubs and violence : violence, public drinking, and public policy. by Ross Homel and Steve Tomsen

tag=1 data=Pubs and violence : violence, public drinking, and public policy. by Ross Homel and Steve Tomsen tag=2 data=Homel, Ross%Tomsen, Steve tag=3 data=Current Affairs Bulletin, tag=4 data=68 tag=5 data=7 tag=6 data=December 1991 tag=7 data=20-27. tag=8 data=ALCOHOL tag=10 data=Violence in and around licensed premises is a neglected problem, although every year in Australia thousands of people are injured. tag=11 data=1992/4/1 tag=12 data=92/0058 tag=13 data=CAB
Using a Markov network as a surrogate fitness function in a genetic algorithm

Surrogate models of fitness have been presented as a way of reducing the number of fitness evaluations required by an evolutionary algorithm. This is of particular interest with expensive fitness functions where the cost of building the model is outweighed by the saving of using fewer function evaluations. In this paper we show how a Markov network model can be used as a surrogate fitness function in a genetic algorithm. We demonstrate this applied to a number of well-known benchmark functions and although the results are good in terms of function evaluations the model-building overhead requires a substantially more expensive fitness function to be worthwhile. We move on to describe a fitness function for feature selection in Case-Based Reasoning, which is considerably more expensive than the other benchmark functions we used. We show that for this problem using the surrogate offers a significant decrease in total run time compared to a GA using the true fitness function.
Escherichia coli Expressing EAST1 Toxin Did Not Cause an Increase of cAMP or cGMP Levels in Cells, and No Diarrhea in 5-Day Old Gnotobiotic Pigs

Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea to humans and farm animals. These ETEC strains produce heat-labile toxin (LT) and/or heat-stable toxins that include type I (STa), type II (STb), and enteroaggregative heat-stable toxin 1 (EAST1). LT, STa, and STb (in pigs) are proven the virulence determinants in ETEC diarrhea. However, significance of EAST1 in ETEC-associated diarrheal has not been determined, even though EAST1 is highly prevalent among ETEC strains. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we constructed E. coli strains to express EAST1 toxin as the only toxin and studied them in cell lines and five-day old gnotobiotic piglets to determine significance of EAST1 toxin. Data from in vitro studies indicated that EAST1 did not stimulate an increase of intracellular cyclic AMP or GMP levels in T-84 cells or porcine cell line IPEC-J2, nor did it enhance LT or STa toxin of ETEC strains in stimulation of cAMP or cGMP in T-84 cells. In addition, 5-day old gnotobiotic pigs challenged with E. coli strains expressing EAST1 as the only toxin did not developed diarrhea or signs of clinical disease during 72 h post-inoculation. Conclusion/Significance Results from this study indicated that EAST1 alone is not sufficient to cause diarrhea in five-day old gnotobiotic pigs, and suggest that EAST1 likely is not a virulence determinant in ETEC-associated diarrhea.
Bi‐hemispheric contribution to functional motor recovery of the affected forelimb following focal ischemic brain injury in rats

In many recovering hemiparetic stroke patients, movement of the affected limb elicits ipsilateral activation of sensorimotor areas within the undamaged hemisphere, which is not observed in control subjects. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, rats received intensive enriched‐rehabilitation (ER) of the impaired forelimb for 4 weeks. Weekly assessments on a skilled reaching test demonstrated significant improvement in ischemic animals over 4 weeks of ER (P < 0.05). We hypothesized that if the undamaged forelimb motor cortex contributed to improved forelimb function, then inhibition of neural activity within this region should reinstate (at least some of) the initial motor impairment. After 3 and 4 weeks of ER, animals received a microinjection of lidocaine hydrochloride into the undamaged motor cortex and were re‐assessed on reaching ability. The behavioral effect of lidocaine challenge was dependent on the size of the infarct: animals with large infarcts were rendered unable to retrieve any food pellets and had great difficulty even contacting a pellet with the affected forepaw. Small‐infarct animals were only moderately affected (25% reduction in success) by lidocaine, an effect similar to that observed in control animals. Qualitative assessments of recovered reaching after 4 weeks of rehabilitation revealed that impairments in forelimb lift, advance and aim were exacerbated (P < 0.05) following lidocaine‐inactivation of the undamaged motor cortex of animals with large ischemic infarcts. In animals with small infarcts, lidocaine challenge only impaired limb advance. Thus, recruitment of the undamaged hemisphere may depend on the functional integrity of the remaining sensorimotor system. These data suggest that, in the rat, the undamaged (ipsilateral) motor system may contribute to compensatory recovery of the affected forelimb.
Help an Agent Out : Student / Teacher Learning in Sequential Decision Tasks

Research on agents has led to the development of algorithms for learning from experience, accepting guidance from humans, and imitating experts. This paper explores a new direction for agents: the ability to teach other agents. In particular, we focus on situations where the teacher has limited expertise and instructs the student through action advice. The paper proposes and evaluates several teaching algorithms based on providing advice at a gradually decreasing rate. A crucial component of these algorithms is the ability of an agent to estimate its confidence in a state. We also contribute a student/teacher framework for implementing teaching strategies, which we hope will spur additional development in this relatively unexplored area.
Second-Ordered Reputation and Incentive Mechanism in Ad Hoc Networks

The incentive mechanisms based on reputation are often used to induce cooperation among selfish nodes to route and forward packets in ad hoc networks. Those mechanisms propose that nodes with lower reputation value will receive less benefit. This class of schemes suffers from a new problem of second-ordered free riding. Refusing service request from nodes with low reputation will increase the defector's own reputation, so refusing isn't always a favorable choice for selfish node. Modifying the basic scheme to mitigate this new selfish behavior is important to improve the cooperation in ad hoc networks and enhance system robustness. The paper discusses the second-ordered free-riding problem in incentive mechanism for packet forwarding in ad hoc networks and proposes a new scheme based on second-ordered reputation combining with a probabilistic service assignment rule. It is proved that the new scheme is available and cooperation can be built in various network settings. An evolutionary game model is introduced and the discrimination strategy may dominate the whole network gradually. It is also robust in the case there are various errors.
Did the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Help Those Most in Need? A County-Level Analysis

One of the statements of purpose of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) was to help those most in need. We refer to this as state-contingent fiscal federalism: the distribution of more funds to sub-jurisdictions where the need is amplified by the depth of the recession. This concept fits squarely into the risk-sharing literature which focuses on the role of private and public insurance mechanisms in mitigating the cross-sectional variance of income and consumption. Assessment of the success or failure of the ARRA in helping those most in need boils down to estimating the covariance between the level of disbursement to individual counties and the unexpected change in income. In this paper, the unexpected change of income is estimated from a model of panel income dynamics at the county level (using the deviation of county income from the national average to parse out aggregate uninsurable risk). We find that the halflife of a deviation from the national cycle is about one year, indicating potentially large welfare gains from risk-sharing. Pooling all counties, we estimate a fiscal risk-sharing parameter of -0.131, meaning that about 13% of a typical county-level shock is offset by the state-contingent facet of the policy. While statistically and economically large, it is obviously a long way from the value of -1.0 predicted by full fiscal insurance. Interestingly, when the estimation is stratified by quartiles of the income distribution the fiscal risk-sharing parameter is 0.085 for the first quartile of the income distribution and not statistically significant. The second and third quartiles of the income distribution are predicted to have an offset of 25.6% and 15.7%, respectively. By the metric of preexisting levels of need in terms of the wealth distribution, the ARRA was not successful in meeting its goal of helping those most in need. Results are even more surprising when the sample is stratified by majority party affiliation and the poverty line; ARRA transfers to Democrat leaning counties were more skewed to above poverty line counties than was the case for Republican leaning counties. All of our results come with the caveat that automatic stabilizers and grants to state governments are not part of this investigation. These programs may have been more effective in getting funds to those most in need because they often expanding existing automatic stabilizers with well-known risksharing features (e.g., unemployment insurance). However, the lesson seems to be that discretionary spending through the grant, loan and possibly contracting channels are not consistent with a principle of helping those most in need. JEL Classifications: E0, E6