Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of isometric exercise types on pain and muscle activity in patients with low back pain

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of isometric exercise types on low back pain (LBP) patients. Isometric exercise types were mat exercise and I-Zer exercise. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: LBP control group, LBP mat exercise group, and LBP I-Zer exercise group in 23–25 aged men. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and electromyography (EMG) were used to evaluate the degree of pain and the muscle activity in LBP patients. Root mean square (RMS), median frequency (MDF), and mean frequency (MNF) were checked by EMG power spectrum analysis on longissimus thoracic (LT), iliocostalis lumborum (IL), mulitifidus (M), and rectus abdominis (RA). LBP mat exercise program and LBP I-Zer exercise program were conducted 5 sets once time, 3 times per week during 6 weeks. The two-way ANOVA with repeated measure was used to check the pain degree and muscle activity. The present results showed that muscle activity in the LBP I-Zer exercise group was increased compared to the LBP mat exercise group and LBP control group (P<0.05). LBP I-Zer exercise group and LBP mat exercise group showed increased mean frequency in LT, IL, M, and RA muscles than the LBP control group. Therefore, LBP patients performed isometric exercise may have positive effect to reduce pain degree and to increase muscle activity. Especially, LBP I-Zer exercise type showed more effectiveness in reducing pain degree and enhancing muscle activity.
Paper Gestalt

Peer reviews of conference paper submissions is an integral part of the research cycle, though it has unknown origins. For the computer vision community, this process has become significantly more difficult in recent years due to the volume of submissions. For example, the number of submissions to the CVPR conference has tripled in the last ten years. For this reason, the community has been forced to reach out to a less than ideal pool of reviewers, which unfortunately includes uninformed junior graduate students, disgruntled senior graduate students, and tenured faculty. In this work we take the simple intuition that the quality of a paper can be estimated by merely glancing through the general layout, and use this intuition to build a system that employs basic computer vision techniques to predict if the paper should be accepted or rejected. This system can then be used as a first cascade layer during the review process. Our results show that while rejecting 15% of " good papers " , we can cut down the number of " bad papers " by more than 50%, saving valuable time of reviewers. Finally, we fed this very paper into our system and are happy to report that it received a posterior probability of 88.4% of being " good " .
Optimal tracking of a mobile robot with path determined by Random Particle Optimization and genetic algorithms

This work considers optimal tracking of difficult paths for mobile robots in 2D space in the presence of obstacles. For determination of optimal trajectory, heuristic methods such as Genetic Algorithms and Random Particle Optimization (RPO) method are used due to their computational efficiency for NP-hard problems. The optimal path thus found is fed as a reference trajectory to compute the optimal control required to enable the robot to follow the path. This paper uses the Linear Quadratic formulation with a variational approach for the robot represented by Newton's second law of motion. The adequacy of a linear model and the effect of the sampling time on numerical convergence is examined to determine its accuracy i.e in maintaining low off-track error.
Planar radiative shock experiments and their comparison to simulations

Recent experiments have obtained radiographic data from shock waves driven at >100km∕s in xenon gas, and Thomson scattering data from similar experiments using argon gas. Presented here is a review of these experiments, followed by an outline of the discrepancies between the data and the results of one-dimensional simulations. Simulations using procedures that work well for similar but nonradiative experiments show inconsistencies between the measured position of the interface of the beryllium and xenon and the calculated position for these experiments. Sources of the discrepancy are explored.
Depolarization properties of the optic nerve head: the effect of age

The degree of polarization (DOP) of the light reflected from the optic nerve head has been assessed by means of a polarimetric scanning laser ophthalmoscope as a function of the age of the participants. Four fundus images corresponding to independent polarization states in the recording pathway were used to compute the spatially‐resolved DOP. This was not uniform across the optic nerve head and depended on both the location and the participant’s age. Along a peripapillary annulus the DOP followed a double‐peak pattern. Moreover, the values along this annulus decreased significantly with increasing age. This depolarization appears to originate in part in the retinal nerve fiber layer. Detailed age‐dependent knowledge of the ocular depolarization properties may help to improve clinical diagnosis of the retinal nerve fiber layer.
Effect of training in minimalist footwear on oxygen consumption during walking and running

The present study sought to examine the effect of 5 weeks of training with minimalist footwear on oxygen consumption during walking and running. Thirteen college-aged students (male n = 7, female n = 6, age: 21.7±1.4 years, height: 168.9±8.8 cm, weight: 70.4±15.8 kg, VO2max: 46.6±6.6 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated in the present investigation. The participants did not have experience with minimalist footwear. Participants underwent metabolic testing during walking (5.6 km·hr−1), light running (7.2 km·hr−1), and moderate running (9.6 km·hr−1). The participants completed this assessment barefoot, in running shoes, and in minimalist footwear in a randomized order. The participants underwent 5 weeks of training with the minimalist footwear. Afterwards, participants repeated the metabolic testing. Data was analyzed via repeated measures ANOVA. The analysis revealed a significant (F4,32= 7.576, ηp2=0.408, p ≤ 0.001) interaction effect (time × treatment × speed). During the initial assessment, the minimalist footwear condition resulted in greater oxygen consumption at 9.6 km·hr−1 (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the barefoot condition, while the running shoe condition resulted in greater oxygen consumption than both the barefoot and minimalist condition at 7.2 and 9.6 km·hr−1. At post-testing the minimalist footwear was not different at any speed compared to the barefoot condition (p> 0.12). This study suggests that initially minimalist footwear results in greater oxygen consumption than running barefoot, however; with utilization the oxygen consumption becomes similar.
TOWARDS USABLE CONTEXT-AWARE MOBILE HANDHELD APPLICATIONS

This paper presents author’s PhD research in progress on human-computer interaction with context-aware mobile handheld devices. The HCI related possibilities and problems are charted with several studies concerning different aspects of context-aware applications, including such as users’ perceptions of context, user defined rule-based user interfaces, and privacy. The thesis aims to provide design guidelines for context-aware mobile applications.
EEG extraction for meditation

In this study, the focus is placed on measures of brain activities that are associated with meditation. With the intention that a physiological common ground that is universal across differing meditative activities could be found here. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the selected method of measurement. EEG measurement produces a time series signal that represents the neural activity of the brain. It holds the advantage of being a painless, noninvasive, relatively quick, and economical procedure. Electrodes are placed on the scalp of the subject.
Improved Sheep Flock Heredity Algorithm based fault detection and localization in power transmission lines

Power transmission is one of the fields drastically growing in the world presently. In this paper, it is aimed to provide a solution for detecting the fault and its location accurately by utilizing ISFHA-[Improved Sheep Flock Heredity Algorithm]. It is necessary to satisfy the customer in terms of power quality transmission. Power quality damages occur due to short circuit, natural disasters and other problems. The estimation of fault and location of the fault can be detected using the local and global searching techniques of ISFH algorithm. Since the ISFHA utilizes the optimization methodology the accuracy of fault detection and localization is high. Also, the effects of ISFHA parameters such as population, crossover and chromosome generation including fitness function to achieve the optimized result. The simulation results are compared with the existing results obtained using GA is compared to evaluating the performance of the ISFHA.
The Chinese Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure Model and Analysis

Based on the characteristics of urban-rural dual economic structure in China, we build a dynamic endogenous urban-rural dual economic model closely linked to China's reality, and carry out mathematical economics analysis of optimized conditions for urban and rural sectors. The main results show that: (i) The labor growth rate of urban-rural sectors must be greater than the time discount rate, or else there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors; (ii) The accumulation rate of physical capital and human capital of urban-rural sectors, and the rate of technological progress, need to be greater than the corresponding depreciation rate plus the time discount rate, otherwise there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors; (iii) The low accumulation rate in the rural sector, and the occurrence of labor outflow, human capital loss and lack of investment, will expand income gap between urban and rural areas, which is a reason for solidification of urban-rural dual economic structure.
Complete amino acid sequence and in vitro expression of rat NF-M, the middle molecular weight neurofilament protein

A lambda gtII expression library was prepared from rat brain and screened with a polyclonal antiserum, which recognizes both NF-H and NF- M. An NF-M cDNA clone (pNF-M3C = 1.6 kb) was isolated and characterized. The fusion protein of NF-M3C, when used as an affinity matrix for the anti-neurofilament serum, isolated a subpopulation of antibodies specific for NF-M. Northern analysis demonstrates a single band of approximately 3000 nt and a constant message level for NF-M during postnatal development from postnatal day 0 (PO) to adulthood. Using pNF-M3C as a probe, a second cDNA clone was isolated from a lambda gtII rat brain expression library (pNF-M2D = 2.7 kb). The 2 clones were sequenced and pNF-M2D was found to encode the entire rat NF- M protein. The calculated molecular weight is 95,600, which is only 65% of the molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE. The amino acid sequence of rat NF-M shows the conserved rod segment present in all intermediate filament proteins. The molecule also contains an unusual C-terminal extension with stretches of glutamic acid, which could contribute to the anomalous migration of this protein on SDS-PAGE and the fact that NF-M does not readily assemble into filaments. The pNF-M2D clone was transcribed and translated in vitro utilizing a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The resulting radiolabeled translation products were unexpectedly shown to comigrate with purified rat NF-M on 1- and 2- dimensional gels, even though the translated protein is not phosphorylated.
A novel Modelica signal analysis tool towards design of more electric aircraft

The development of future more electric aircraft systems is a challenging process: The respective subsystems are highly integrated to achieve an optimum efficiency and performance both at aircraft and at systems level. For master this multi-disciplinary challenge, the use of powerful modeling and simulation technologies such as Modelica in all phases of the system development process is a key success factor. In this paper, a novel Modelica signal analysis tool - Modelica Scope that is suitable for the virtual testing activities in the verification and validation phase is presented. The Modelica Scope tool is implemented in the Modelica language incorporating diverse signal measurement and analysis capabilities and can be easily integrated in all simulation environments supporting Modelica such as Dymola, SimulationX etc. The motivation, design concept as well as implementation and distinct features of the tool are discussed and illustrated.
Chronic Nicotine Selectively Enhances α4β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Nigrostriatal Dopamine Pathway

These electrophysiological experiments, in slices and intact animals, study the effects of in vivo chronic exposure to nicotine on functional α4β2* nAChRs in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway. Recordings were made in wild-type and α4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit knock-out mice. Chronic nicotine enhanced methyllycaconitine citrate hydrate-resistant, dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide-sensitive nicotinic currents elicited by 3–1000 μm ACh in GABAergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), but not in DA neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). This enhancement leads to higher firing rates of SNr GABAergic neurons and consequently to increased GABAergic inhibition of the SNc DA neurons. In the dorsal striatum, functional α4* nAChRs were not found on the neuronal somata; however, nicotine acts via α4β2* nAChRs in the DA terminals to modulate glutamate release onto the medium spiny neurons. Chronic nicotine also increased the number and/or function of these α4β2* nAChRs. These data suggest that in nigrostriatal DA pathway, chronic nicotine enhancement of α4β2* nAChRs displays selectivity in cell type and in nAChR subtype as well as in cellular compartment. These selective events augment inhibition of SNc DA neurons by SNr GABAergic neurons and also temper the release of glutamate in the dorsal striatum. The effects may reduce the risk of excitotoxicity in SNc DA neurons and may also counteract the increased effectiveness of corticostriatal glutamatergic inputs during degeneration of the DA system. These processes may contribute to the inverse correlation between tobacco use and Parkinson's disease.
SEXUAL SELECTION AND ALLOMETRY: A CRITICAL REAPPRAISAL Of THE EVIDENCE AND IDEAS

Abstract One of the most pervasive ideas in the sexual selection literature is the belief that sexually selected traits almost universally exhibit positive static allometries (i.e., within a sample of conspecific adults, larger individuals have disproportionally larger traits). In this review, I show that this idea is contradicted by empirical evidence and theory. Although positive allometry is a typical attribute of some sexual traits in certain groups, the preponderance of positively allometric sexual traits in the empirical literature apparently results from a sampling bias reflecting a fascination with unusually exaggerated (bizarre) traits. I review empirical examples from a broad range of taxa illustrating the diversity of allometric patterns exhibited by signal, weapon, clasping and genital traits, as well as nonsexual traits. This evidence suggests that positive allometry may be the exception rather than the rule in sexual traits, that directional sexual selection does not necessarily lead to the evolution of positive allometry and, conversely, that positive allometry is not necessarily a consequence of sexual selection, and that many sexual traits exhibit sex differences in allometric intercept rather than slope. Such diversity in the allometries of secondary sexual traits is to be expected, given that optimal allometry should reflect resource allocation trade-offs, and patterns of sexual and viability selection on both trait size and body size. An unbiased empirical assessment of the relation between sexual selection and allometry is an essential step towards an understanding of this diversity.
Cell-type specific modulation of intrinsic firing properties and subthreshold membrane oscillations by the M ( Kv 7 )-current in neurons of the entorhinal cortex Running head : Modulation of the M ( Kv 7 )-current in the entorhinal cortex

The M-current (current through Kv7 channels) is a low-threshold non-inactivating potassium current that is suppressed by muscarinic agonists. Recent studies have shown its role in spike burst generation and intrinsic subthreshold theta resonance, both of which are important for memory function. However, little is known about its role in principal cells of the entorhinal cortex (EC). In this study, using whole-cell patch recording techniques in a rat EC slice preparation, we have examined the effects of the M-current blockers linopirdine and XE991 on the membrane dynamics of principal cells in the EC. When the M-current was blocked, layer II non-stellate cells (non-SCs) and layer III cells switched from tonic discharge to intermittent firing mode, during which layer II non-SCs showed high-frequency short-duration spike bursts due to increased fast spike after-depolarization (ADP). When three spikes were elicited at 50 Hz, these two types of cells reacted with a slow ADP that drove delayed firing. In contrast, layer II stellate cells (SCs) and layer V cells never displayed intermittent firing, bursting behavior and delayed firing. Under the M-current block, intrinsic excitability increased significantly in layer III and V cells but not in layer II SCs and non-SCs. The M-current block also had contrasting effects on the subthreshold excitability, greatly suppressing the subthreshold membrane potential oscillations in layer V cells but not in layer II SCs. The modulation of the M-current, therefore, shifts the firing behavior, intrinsic excitability and subthreshold membrane potential oscillations of EC principal cells in a cell-type dependent manner. Page 2 of 65
Characterization of small defects using ultrasonic arrays: a scattering coefficient matrix approach

The ultrasonic scattering coefficient matrix defines the far field scattering behaviour of a defect as a function of incident and scattering angles. An ultrasonic array with a large aperture can then be used to interrogate a defect over a range of angles and hence extract parts of this matrix. Experimental results are presented using a commercial 64-element, 5-MHz array on two aluminium test samples that contain a number of simulated defects including machined slots and side-drilled circular holes. A sub-array approach is used in which a group of 8 elements are excited in order interrogate the defect from a given angle as well as providing spatial discrimination. In this way a neighbouring circular hole and slot can be spatially resolved and clearly distinguished by their different scattering coefficients over a range of incident angles and scattering angles. Using signals reflected from a known-size side-drilled circular hole as the reference, scattering coefficients of a defect can be normalized. These measured scattering coefficients show a good agreement with scattering coefficients predicted from finite element modelling. For example, the orientations of defects directly below the array are extracted to an accuracy of a few degrees and their lengths were determined with an error of ±10%.
Contextual information based recommender system using Singular Value Decomposition

The web contains a large collection of data, this is where the need for recommender system arises. A recommender system helps user to come to a decision quickly. In the conventional recommendation system only the reviewer's ratings are taken into consideration. However, contextual information pertaining to each user should be incorporated in the recommendation system, making the recommendation personalized. As some features can enhance the performance of a recommendation system and also certain irrelevant features might degrade it, feature selection becomes an essential aspect of context aware recommendation system. In our paper we have devised a novel approach which first selects relevant contextual variables based on the contextual information of the reviewers and their ratings for a class of entities, with naive Bayes classifier. Once the relevant contextual variables are extracted, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is applied for extracting most significant features corresponding to each entity. This information is used by the recommendation system in analyzing the contextual information of the user in recommending him entities that are of interest to him. The proposed method also determines the best contextual variable and feature space for each entity. This enables the context aware recommendation system more efficient and personalized. Moreover, with the proposed method an overall increase in F-score of 30% was obtained thereby improving the reliability of the recommender system.
Origin Tracking in Primitive Recursive Schemes.

Algebraicspeci(cid:5)cationsofprogramminglanguagescan be used togeneratelanguage(cid:6)speci(cid:5)cprogramming support tools(cid:4) Someof thesecan be obtainedina straightforwardway by executinglanguagespeci(cid:5)cations astermrewritingsystems(cid:4) Moreadvancedtoolscanbeobtainedifthetermrewritingmachineryisextended with origin tracking (cid:4) Origin tracking is a technique which automaticallyestablishesa relationbetween subterms of the result value (cid:7)normal form(cid:8) and their origins (cid:9) which are subterms of the initial term(cid:4) For speci(cid:5)cations having a syntax(cid:6)directed nature(cid:9) as formalized by the class of so(cid:6)called primitive recursive schemes (cid:9) high(cid:6)quality origins can be established(cid:4) The de(cid:5)nition(cid:9) properties(cid:9) extensions(cid:9) and implementation of these so(cid:6)called syntax(cid:2)directed origins are discussed(cid:4) AMS Subject Classi(cid:3)cation (cid:4)(cid:5)(cid:6)(cid:6)(cid:5)(cid:7)(cid:8) (cid:10)(cid:11)N(cid:12)(cid:13)(cid:9) (cid:10)(cid:11)Q(cid:14)(cid:14)(cid:9)
Low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and risk of tobacco-related cancer.

BACKGROUND Tobacco smoke chemicals may influence vitamin D metabolism and function, and conversely vitamin D may modify the carcinogenicity of tobacco smoke chemicals. We tested the hypothesis that lower plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is associated with a higher risk of tobacco-related cancer in the general population. METHODS A prospective population-based cohort of 9791 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study who were free of cancer at baseline was followed from 1981-1983 until December 2008 with 100% complete follow-up. RESULTS During up to 28 years of follow-up, 1081 participants developed a tobacco-related cancer and 1506 developed other cancers. Decreasing 25(OH)D concentrations, subdivided by clinical categories or by seasonally adjusted percentile categories, were associated with increasing cumulative incidence of tobacco-related cancer (log-rank trend P = 2 × 10(-6) and P = 5 × 10(-9)). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios of tobacco-related cancer were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.33-2.30) for 25(OH)D <5 vs ≥20 ng/mL, and 2.07 (1.63-2.62) for ≤5th vs >66th percentile. Also, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for a 50% reduction in 25(OH)D were 1.20 (1.13-1.28) for any tobacco-related cancer, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.09-1.31) for lung cancer, 1.44 (1.19-1.73) for head and neck cancer, 1.28 (1.06-1.54) for bladder cancer, 1.34 (1.04-1.73) for kidney cancer, and 0.95 (0.89-1.01) for other cancers. CONCLUSIONS Lower plasma 25(OH)D was associated with higher risk of tobacco-related cancers, but not with risk of other cancers.