Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yoga as an Intervention for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder: AReview of the Evidence and Future Directions

Background: The increase in prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has led to a corresponding surge in demand for novel, effective, and safe clinical interventions. Evidence-based treatment options for ASD are limited, resulting in a high utilization rate of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments in the ASD population. Yoga is a CAM practiced by over 20 million people in the United States, and multiple studies have investigated yoga as a possible effective treatment intervention for patients with ASD. Patients with ASD could potentially benefit from yoga either directly, through the targeting of core ASD symptoms, or indirectly through the improvement of commonly occurring co-morbid psychiatric conditions. Objective: To review the evidence for yoga as an effective treatment option for patients with ASD. Method: Using a variety of online databases, including PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, published studies meeting the authors' selection criteria were reviewed for evidence of improvement in core ASD and related symptoms in patients with ASD. Results: There is a paucity of studies published in peer-reviewed journals that met the search criteria. While each of the studies investigated the use of yoga with ASD subjects, they targeted a broad range of symptom clusters, and varied greatly in overall quality, methods, outcome measures, and results. Conclusion: Based on published studies, there is little current evidence that yoga improves core autism symptoms and co-morbid psychiatric symptoms in patients with ASD. However, there is a clear need for additional, larger randomized trials targeting both core ASD symptoms and co-morbid psychiatric conditions. Future clinical trials should utilize more uniform intervention methods, a standardized set of outcome measures, and blinded raters in order to determine whether yoga is indeed an evidence-based treatment option for patients with ASD.
A Bayesian Method to Incorporate Background Knowledge during Automatic Text Summarization

In order to summarize a document, it is often useful to have a background set of documents from the domain to serve as a reference for determining new and important information in the input document. We present a model based on Bayesian surprise which provides an intuitive way to identify surprising information from a summarization input with respect to a background corpus. Specifically, the method quantifies the degree to which pieces of information in the input change one’s beliefs’ about the world represented in the background. We develop systems for generic and update summarization based on this idea. Our method provides competitive content selection performance with particular advantages in the update task where systems are given a small and topical background corpus.
An Algorithm for Guiding Temporal Resolution ?

The clausal resolution method developed for discrete tempo ral l gics involves translation to a normal form, classical resolu ti n on formulae within states (termed step resolution) and temporal resolution be tween states. Step resolution may generate an unnecessarily large set of clauses. In addition, the most expensive part of the method is the application of the tempor al resolution operation. In this paper we develop an algorithm to guide the sear ch for the set of clauses needed for the application of temporal resolution. The algorithm is based on the outputs of a refined temporal resolution rule which all ows us to generate temporal resolvents earlier within the process. In particu lar, this can also help us to avoid unnecessary step resolution and focus search for t e most relevant clauses.
ON THE EQUALITY OF THE QUENCHED AND AVERAGED RATE FUNCTIONS FOR RWRE

We consider large deviations for nearest-neighbor random walk in a uniformly elliptic i.i. d. environment. It is easy to see that the quenched and averaged rate functions are not identically equal. When the dimension is at least four and Sznitman’s transience condition (T) is satisfied, we prove that these rate functions are finite and equal on a closed set whose interior contains every nonzero velocity at which the rate functions vanish.
High-Pressure Physics: Sustained Static Generation of 1.36 to 1.72 Megabars

The pressure in experiments with the diamond-window pressure cell exceeded 1.7 megabars (at 25�C). This is the highest sustained pressure ever generated under static conditions where the pressure in the sample itself was measured. At 1.72 megabars, macroscopic flow of one of the diamond pressure faces was observed.
Display Clutter

Objective: We aimed to synthesize the literature on display clutter by reviewing definitions and measurement techniques and to develop a comprehensive, ergonomics-oriented perspective on clutter. We provide guidance for the selection of measurement approaches that can capture the various aspects and effects of clutter on visual search in particular. Background: There is agreement that clutter may represent a significant problem to operators. The challenge is to determine the ideal middle ground between excessive data and insufficient information. However, definitions of clutter vary widely, which explains the range of measurement approaches, including image-processing algorithms, performance evaluation, subjective evaluation, and eye tracking. It is important to understand the affordances of each technique and provide guidance for their use. Method: We provide a systematic review of clutter definitions and develop a performance-oriented perspective for ergonomics research. Next, we present a critical overview of clutter measurement approaches. The benefits and limitations of each technique are detailed, and recommendations for best practice are provided. Results: From an ergonomics perspective, clutter matters to the extent that it affects performance, particularly, visual search. A combination of measurement techniques can be employed in order to assess the performance costs stemming from the multiple aspects of clutter. Conclusion: Display clutter is a multifaceted construct that is a problem when it results in performance and attentional costs. The assessment of these costs is critical and requires the use of appropriate and complementary techniques. Application: It is important that the performance costs of clutter are detected reliably to be able to better support attention management.
D-Mod-K Routing Providing Non-Blocking Traffic for Shift Permutations on Real Life Fat Trees

As the size of High Performance Computing clusters grows, the increasing probability of interconnect hot spots degrades the latency and effective bandwidth experienced by MPI collectives. This report presents a proof that using D-ModK routing scheme for real life constant bisectional-bandwidth fattree topologies solves this problem for Shift Permutations traffic patterns.
The DNA virus Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 is a target of the Drosophila RNAi machinery

RNA viruses in insects are targets of an RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral immune response, in which viral replication intermediates or viral dsRNA genomes are processed by Dicer-2 (Dcr-2) into viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs). Whether dsDNA virus infections are controlled by the RNAi pathway remains to be determined. Here, we analyzed the role of RNAi in DNA virus infection using Drosophila melanogaster infected with Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV-6) as a model. We show that Dcr-2 and Argonaute-2 mutant flies are more sensitive to virus infection, suggesting that vsiRNAs contribute to the control of DNA virus infection. Indeed, small RNA sequencing of IIV-6–infected WT and RNAi mutant flies identified abundant vsiRNAs that were produced in a Dcr-2–dependent manner. We observed a highly uneven distribution with strong clustering of vsiRNAs to small defined regions (hotspots) and modest coverage at other regions (coldspots). vsiRNAs mapped in similar proportions to both strands of the viral genome, suggesting that long dsRNA derived from convergent overlapping transcripts serves as a substrate for Dcr-2. In agreement, strand-specific RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses indicated that antisense transcripts are produced during infection. Moreover, we show that vsiRNAs are functional in silencing reporter constructs carrying fragments of the IIV-6 genome. Together, our data indicate that RNAi provides antiviral defense against dsDNA viruses in animals. Thus, RNAi is the predominant antiviral defense mechanism in insects that provides protection against all major classes of viruses.
Transcriptional regulatory network during development in the olfactory epithelium

Regeneration, a process of reconstitution of the entire tissue, occurs throughout life in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Regeneration of OE consists of several stages: proliferation of progenitors, cell fate determination between neuronal and non-neuronal lineages, their differentiation and maturation. How the differentiated cell types that comprise the OE are regenerated, is one of the central questions in olfactory developmental neurobiology. The past decade has witnessed considerable progress regarding the regulation of transcription factors (TFs) involved in the remarkable regenerative potential of OE. Here, we review current state of knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory networks that are powerful modulators of the acquisition and maintenance of developmental stages during regeneration in the OE. Advance in our understanding of regeneration will not only shed light on the basic principles of adult plasticity of cell identity, but may also lead to new approaches for using stem cells and reprogramming after injury or degenerative neurological diseases. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(11): 599-608]
Switching lemma for small restrictions and lower bounds for k-DNF resolution

We prove a new switching lemma that works for restrictions that set only a small fraction of the variables and is applicable to DNFs with small conjunctions. We use this to prove lower bounds for the Res(k) propositional proof system, an extension of resolution which works with k-DNFs instead of clauses. We also obtain an exponential separation between depth d circuits of bottom fan-in k and depth d circuits of bottom fan-in k+1. Our results for Res(k) are: 1. The 2n to n weak pigeonhole principle requires exponential size to refute in Res(k), for k /spl les/ /spl radic/(log n/ log log n). 2. For each constant k, there exists a constant w > k so that random w-CNFs require exponential size to refute in Res(k). 3. For each constant k, there are sets of clauses which have polynomial size Res(k+1) refutations, but which require exponential size Res(k) refutations.
The effect of relaxin on the musculoskeletal system

Relaxin is a hormone structurally related to insulin and insulin‐like growth factor, which exerts its regulatory effect on the musculoskeletal and other systems through binding to its receptor in various tissues, mediated by different signaling pathways. Relaxin alters the properties of cartilage and tendon by activating collagenase. This hormone is also involved in bone remodeling and healing of injured ligaments and skeletal muscle. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the effect of relaxin in musculoskeletal system to provide a broad perspective for future studies in this field.
Sketching Free-form Surfaces Using Network of Curves

This work addresses the issue of generating free-form surfaces using a 2D sketch interface. As the first step in this process, we develop a methodology to sketch 3D space curves from 2D sketches. Since the inverse projection from 2D sketches to 3D curve or surface is a one to many function, there is no unique solution. Hence we propose to interpret the given 2D curve to be the projection of the 3D curve that has minimum curvature among all the candidates in 3D. We present an algorithm to efficiently find a close approximation of this minimum curvature 3D space curve. In the second step, this network of curves along with the boundary information are given to the surface fitting method to generate free-form surfaces.
The Impact of Mobile Technology on a UK Police Force and Their Knowledge Sharing

The paper discusses an evaluation study that investigates the impact of mobile technology on a UK police force and on knowledge sharing processes. An empirical, ethnographic approach to the research was adopted, using a mixed method approach of focus groups, questionnaires, observational "work shadowing" and interviews with a total of 42 staff involved in a trial of mobile technology. The findings from the various methods are consistent, suggesting that mobile technology has a positive impact on policing and knowledge sharing. The timeliness of information improved, increasing the availability of information for decision-making. Reductions in information overload were apparent due to mobile technology providing greater control over information. There was a positive impact on knowledge sharing in the course of operational duties. Information and knowledge could be shared more quickly with officers in the field; and mobile technology provided a new avenue for keeping each other up to date with events. The paper contributes towards an understanding of the upcoming concept of "mobile knowledge management" and offers a set of recommendations to manage the possible long-term risk of mobile technology on knowledge sharing.
Afocal digital holographic microscopy and its advantages

Applying afocal optical systems in microscopy, especially in digital holographic microscopy (DHM) have several advantages. We have investigated some possible implementations theoretically and experimentally as well. Space bandwidth product of an afocal system can exceed that of the conventional ones. Afocal systems provide higher resolution and much less distortions. Furthermore, the computational cost of the numerical reconstruction and correction phase is also lower in the case of an afocal optical setup, as it ensures constant lateral magnification within the whole measured volume. We show that the advantage of low distortion is especially enhanced in the case of color DHM. GPU implementation of reconstruction software is demonstrated.
Histone H4 Acetylation of Euchromatin and Heterochromatin Is Cell Cycle Dependent and Correlated with Replication Rather Than with Transcription

Reversible acetylation of nucleosomal histones H3 and H4 generally is believed to be correlated with potential transcriptional activity of eukaryotic chromatin domains. Here, we report that the extent of H4 acetylation within euchromatin and heterochromatic domains is linked with DNA replication rather than with transcriptional activity, whereas H3 acetylation remains fairly constant throughout the cell cycle. Compared with euchromatin, plant nucleolus organizers were more strongly acetylated at H4 during mitosis but less acetylated during S phase, when the nucleolus appeared to be (at least transiently) devoid of nucleosomes. Deposition-related acetylation of lysines 5 and 12 of H4 seems to be conserved in animals and plants and extended to K16 in plants. A possibly species-specific above-average acetylation at lysines 9/18 and 14 of H3 appeared in 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)–stained heterochromatin fractions. These results were obtained by combining immunodetection of all acetylatable isoforms of H3 and H4 on mitotic chromosomes and nuclei in G1, early S, mid-S, late S, and G2 phases of the field bean with identification of specific chromatin domains by fluorescence in situ hybridization or DAPI staining. In addition, the histone acetylation patterns of distinct domains were compared with their replication and transcription patterns.
Dynamics and Control of the Transmission of Gonorrhea

Calculations revealed that approximately a third of the reported cases of gonorrhea in women during 1973–1975 were discoveries of the screening program. Theoretical models and epidemiologic data showed that the prevalence of gonorrhea adjusts rapidly to changes in social behavior, medical treatment, and control programs, that prevalence oscillates seasonally around an equilibrium state determined by the current social and medical conditions, and that this equilibrium moves as epidemiologic conditions change. The incidence of gonorrhea is theoretically limited by saturation in a sexually active core population, and this core causes gonorrhea to remain endemic.
The metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: role of the adipocyte

Introduction Much of the increased coronary heart disease risk in obese individuals [1] is mediated by an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, elevated plasma triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol [2]. T2DM is characterized by progressive resistance to the effects of insulin, followed by an eventual failure of the b cell to compensate by further increasing insulin secretion. Obesity has increased dramatically in North America over the last 20 years [3] and is a major etiological factor in the development of insulin resistance. With few exceptions, a degree of adiposity is necessary for the development of T2DM [4], but the vast majority of patients with a body mass index in the obese category (430 kg/m) are not diabetic and, indeed, have fasting and postprandial blood glucose and HbA1c levels in the normal range. Of particular relevance are genes and gene products involved in adipocyte free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism, adipocytokine expression and secretion, insulin signaling and its downstream effectors of glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and regulation of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle [5]. This review will focus on the central role of adipose tissue in the etiology of insulin resistance. Role of the adipocyte in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus Adipose tissue triglyceride is an energy reserve for longterm metabolic needs. Adipocytes also play an important role in the control of circulating levels of FFAs, mediating the rapid clearance of FFAs in the postprandial phase and the release of FFAs during lipolysis of the core lipid droplet. FFAs play an important role in insulin resistance by inhibiting muscle glucose transport and oxidation via effects on serine/threonine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) [6–8]. Chronic exposure to elevated concentrations of FFAs impairs insulin secretory responses to glucose [9] and Carpentier and coworkers [10] demonstrated that insulin secretion in response to glucose fails to compensate for increased insulin resistance induced by a prolonged elevation of FFAs in healthy individuals. The capacity of the adipocyte for FFA uptake and storage is controlled at a number of levels including regulation of preadipocyte differentiation, synthesis and secretion of lipoprotein lipase, regulation of fatty acid and glucose transporters, triglyceride synthesis and lipolysis. Although visceral fat accounts for only about 10% of total body fat, this depot is most strongly related to insulin resistance [11], in part related to higher lipolytic activity and the capacity to release FFAs directly to the liver via the portal circulation [12].
Performance Improvement in Local Feature Based Camera-Captured Character Recognition

Concerning camera-captured Japanese character recognition, we have proposed a method to recognize characters, both simple and complex, that may not be linearly aligned and may be printed with a complex background. Recognition is performed based on local features and their arrangement. The arrangement is validated with an algorithm called local RANSAC. However, at least four corresponding local features are required. To relax that condition, we propose a new recognition method making it possible to recognize a character region with at least three corresponding local features. This method enables recall and precision to be improved with the simpler characters using more corresponding local features and computation times to be reduced by 7%.
Fractional two-branes, toric orbifolds and the quantum McKay correspondence

We systematically study and obtain the large-volume analogues of fractional two-branes on resolutions of the orbifolds 3/n. We also study a generalisation of the McKay correspondence proposed in hep-th/0504164 called the quantum McKay correspondence by constructing duals to the fractional two-branes. Details are explicitly worked out for two examples – the crepant resolutions of 3/3 and 3/5.
Complex Recombination Patterns Arising during Geminivirus Coinfections Preserve and Demarcate Biologically Important Intra-Genome Interaction Networks

Genetic recombination is an important process during the evolution of many virus species and occurs particularly frequently amongst begomoviruses in the single stranded DNA virus family, Geminiviridae. As in many other recombining viruses it is apparent that non-random recombination breakpoint distributions observable within begomovirus genomes sampled from nature are the product of variations both in basal recombination rates across genomes and in the over-all viability of different recombinant genomes. Whereas factors influencing basal recombination rates might include local degrees of sequence similarity between recombining genomes, nucleic acid secondary structures and genomic sensitivity to nuclease attack or breakage, the viability of recombinant genomes could be influenced by the degree to which their co-evolved protein-protein and protein-nucleotide and nucleotide-nucleotide interactions are disreputable by recombination. Here we investigate patterns of recombination that occur over 120 day long experimental infections of tomato plants with the begomoviruses Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato leaf curl Comoros virus. We show that patterns of sequence exchange between these viruses can be extraordinarily complex and present clear evidence that factors such as local degrees of sequence similarity but not genomic secondary structure strongly influence where recombination breakpoints occur. It is also apparent from our experiment that over-all patterns of recombination are strongly influenced by selection against individual recombinants displaying disrupted intra-genomic interactions such as those required for proper protein and nucleic acid folding. Crucially, we find that selection favoring the preservation of co-evolved longer-range protein-protein and protein DNA interactions is so strong that its imprint can even be used to identify the exact sequence tracts involved in these interactions.
Location Prediction in Social Media Based on Contents and Graphs

The location information in social media often provides insight on the repercussions of events and is becoming more and more vital to the applications such as localized search, local news recommendation and emergency detection. However, for the security and privacy concerns, most users in social media are unwilling to publish their location, and they may post non-existing places or submit unspecific place names. We focus on analysis post content and social graph to predict users' resident location in city-level level. Based on a fraction of the users with known locations in their profiles, we propose a new filter to identify location sensitive words in posts content. We also expand the social relationships of users and combine these two approaches to propose a mixture probabilistic model to estimate user location. The experimental results on a large scale of dataset crawled from Tencent weibo demonstrate that our approach achieve an accuracy of 60.2% in city level and outperform state-of-the-art approaches.