Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission capacity analysis of relay-assisted device-to-device communication in cellular networks

Device-to-device (D2D) communication can effectively meet the demands of high data rate by providing a direct link between two mobile users in cellular networks. In this paper, we analyze the transmission capacity of relay-assisted D2D communication coexisting with cellular networks in an underlay way. Based on stochastic geometry, cellular networks, D2D users and relay nodes (RNs) in the networks are all modeled as Poisson point process. We calculate the RN existence probability and the expectation of relay link distance to obtain the successful transmission probabilities for D2D communication. According to two relay mechanisms for enhancing D2D transmission distance and capacity, we further obtain the transmission capacity of D2D communication with the assistance of RNs, which reflects the influence from D2D density and power. Moreover, the transmission gain with variable D2D link distance is also presented. Finally, numerical results verify the D2D transmission capacity can be enhanced by relay transmission and influenced by not only the user density, power and D2D link distance, but also the mechanisms of using RNs for D2D communication in the networks.
FAST NEAREST NEIGHBORS IN LARGE AND COMPOSITE NETWORKS

We address the problem of k Nearest Neighbor ( kNN) search in networks using a random walk based proximity measure. Our ap proach retrieves the exact top neighbors at query time without relying on off-line indexing or summaries of the entire network. This makes it suitable for very large networks, as well as for comp site network overlays mixed at query time. We provide scalabi lity and flexibility without compromising the quality of results due to theoretical bound guarantees that we develop and incorpora te in our search procedure. We incrementally construct a subgrap h of the underlying network, sufficient to obtain the exact top k neighbors. We guide the construction of the relevant subgraph in o rder to achieve fast refinement of the lower and upper proximity boun ds, which in turn enables effective pruning of infeasible candi dates. We apply ourkNN search algorithm on social, information and biological networks and demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our approach. For networks in the order of a million nodes, our method retrieves the exact top 20 using less than0.2% of the network edges in a fraction of a second on a conventional desk top machine without prior indexing. When employed for neare st neighbors search in composite network overlays, it scales l in arly with the number of networks mixed in the overlay.
The Cost of Improving the Quality of the Environment

The analysis in this paper is directed at comparing the relative effectiveness of two different methods of meeting the Bush Administration's goals outlined in the Clean Air Plan. The analytical vehicle used in the analysis consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of twelve producing sectors, thirteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income, a foreign sector, and a government. First, it is found that irrespective of what type of strategy is followed to improve environmental quality, both output and consumption decline as does household utility. Hence, there is a quantifiable trade-off between economic activity (economic growth) and the quality of the environment. Beyond this, the aggregate loss in production and economic welfare (measured by consumption expenditures and utility) is less under a policy which stresses reliance on alternative fuels (brought about by taxation) than through one that requires the installation of pollution-abatement devices (that is, regulation).
Descent of the ancient Farallon slab drives localized mantle flow below the New Madrid seismic zone

The great earthquake sequence that occurred in the central Mississippi River Valley during the winter of 1811–1812 is unprecedented in the historical record of seismicity within stable continental plate interiors. We show, using viscous flow models based on high resolution seismic tomography, that the descent of the ancient Farallon slab into the deep mantle beneath central North America induces a highly localized flow directly below the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ). This localization arises because of structural variability in the Farallon slab and the low‐viscosity of the sub‐lithospheric upper mantle, and it represents a heretofore unrecognized and possibly significant driving mechanism for the enigmatic intraplate seismicity.
Scoped broadcast in structured P2P networks

DHT-based structured P2P networks have difficulties in supporting complex queries due to the use of hashing. A work around is to use flooding, as in unstructured P2P networks, to disseminate the queries. The question is how to reach a sufficient number of nodes so that the query may be answered. A k-node scoped broadcast is a broadcast operation that reaches at least k nodes. It can be controlled by setting an appropriate TTL value. Because of the dynamic nature of P2P networks, the TTL value must be chosen carefully to reach at least k nodes while keeping the number of messages to a minimum. In this paper, we investigate ways of performing k-node scoped broadcast in DHT-based P2P networks. We evaluate our approaches through simulations.
Formation of novel hairpin structures by telomeric C-strand oligonucleotides.

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of chromosomes that are required for long term chromosome stability and replication of the chromosomal terminus. Telomeric DNA consists of simple repetitive sequences with one strand G-rich relative to the other, C-rich, strand. Evolutionary conservation of this feature of telomeric repeat sequences suggests that they have specific structural characteristics involved in telomere function. Absorbance thermal denaturation, chemical modification and non-denaturing gel electrophoretic analyses showed that telomeric C-strand oligonucleotides form stable non-Watson-Crick hairpin structures containing C.C+ base pairs. Formation of such hairpins may facilitate previously reported G-strand exclusive interactions.
O debate sobre a homossexualidade mediado por representações sociais: perspectivas homossexuais e heterossexuais

The objective of this work was to study the social representations of homosexuality among college students, according to sexual orientation and sex. One free association question about the word homosexuality and another about is possible causes were answered. The data was analyzed according to the principles of content analysis. There were significant differences among the groups, allowing us to find out different ways of understanding/dealing with homosexuality and facing prejudice/discrimination. The homosexual men publicly justified/legitimated (rights, freedom) homosexuality with the argument/representation that it is uncontrollable/natural, while the homosexual women preferred to build and improve interaction agreements on the interpersonal level (family, love affair) to obtain social recognition. Yet the heterosexual men and women, with many references to normality and others contents that reinforce the social conventions, pointed out less possibility of recognition towards homosexuality.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Johannesen-Schmidt, Eagly / STEREOTYPES OF WAGE EARNERS Diminishing Returns: The Effects of Income on the Content of Stereotypes of Wage Earners

This study examined stereotypes of wage earners who varied in annual income from $10,000 to $190,000. As income increased, these stereotypes increased strongly in positive agentic characteristics and moderately in negative agentic characteristics and decreased slightly in communal characteristics. Findings were consistent with the interpretation that these stereotypic beliefs resulted from the influence of wage earners’ income on participants’ beliefs about earners’ role behavior on the job and in caring relationships.
Myoelectric Controlled Prosthetic Hand with Continuous Force-Feedback Mechanism

In this paper, we propose a novel method to support learning of grasping behavior with a myoelectric hand through the use of force-feedback. A force transfer mechanism is implemented in the developed prosthetic hand, which creates a force stimulus that is synchronized with opening and closing of the gripper. For a person with congenital forearm defects, learning how to operate a myoelectric prosthetic hand is quite difficult. The force-feedback is presented at the end of the forearm of the affected side to assist the process of creating a body image. Several experiments were conducted to confirm the ability to generate real-time feedback with the developed hand. An extensive study was carried out on a subject with a congenital forearm defect, and the ability to perceive the stimulus of pressing force applied at the end of the forearm of the affected side was confirmed.
The Tec Family Tyrosine Kinase Btk Regulates RANKL-induced Osteoclast Maturation*

A spontaneous mutation in Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) induces a defect in B-cell development that results in the immunodeficiency diseases X-linked agammaglobulinemia in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Here we show an unexpected role of Btk in osteoclast formation. When bone marrow cells derived from Xid mice were stimulated with receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, an osteoclast differentiation factor, they did not completely differentiate into mature multinucleated osteoclasts. Moreover, we found that the defects appeared to occur at the stage in which mononuclear preosteoclasts fuse to generate multinucleated cells. Supporting this notion, macrophages from Xid mice also failed to form multinucleated foreign body giant cells. The fusion defect of the Xid mutant osteoclasts was caused by decreased expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), a master regulator of osteoclast differentiation, as well as reduced expression of various osteoclast fusion-related molecules, such as the d2 isoform of vacuolar H+-ATPase V0 domain and the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein. This deficiency was completely rescued by the introduction of a constitutively active form of NFATc1 into bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our data provide strong evidence that Btk plays a critical role in osteoclast multinucleation by modulating the activity of NFATc1.
Controlling insider threats with information security policies

Over the past decade, several studies, industry reports and surveys have revealed that insider threats constitute a significant role in information security. Following the literature, we categorized insider threats as intentional and unintentional. Computer misuse and fraud are considered as the two most common intentional threats, whereas, user errors and negligence are considered as the two most common unintentional threats. Building on the organizational behavior, psychology and criminology literatures, in this paper, we introduce different socio-behavioral control mechanisms to mitigate insider threats to information security. These mechanisms include employees’ integration and commitment to their job and organization, deterrence measures, management of work related stress, awareness of security issues, and motivation of employees. These socio-behavioral mechanisms are also accompanied by technical aspects such as user interface of security tools and technology-based controls. Lastly, the integrative and reinforcing role of security policies within the proposed framework is discussed.
Identification of Nominated Classes for Software Refactoring Using Object-Oriented Cohesion Metrics

The production of well-developed software reduces the cost of the software maintainability. Therefore, many software metrics have been developed to measure the quality of the software design. Measuring class cohesion is considered as one of the most important software quality measurements. Unfortunately, most of approaches that have been proposed on cohesion metrics do not consider the inherited attributes and methods in measuring class cohesion. This paper provides a novel assessment criterion for measuring the quality of a software design. In this context, inherited attributes and methods are considered in the assessment. This offers a guideline for choosing the proper Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT) that refers to the nominated classes for refactoring. Experiments are carried out on more than 35K classes from more than 16 open-source projects using the most used cohesion metrics.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci underlying ethanol metabolism in BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains.

BACKGROUND Genetic factors are well known to play an important role in determining individual differences in the metabolism of ethanol (EtOH), and several specific polymorphic loci have been identified that significantly contribute to the variability of EtOH metabolism in humans. However, these variant genes are either alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases, and the identification of new gene products that contribute to variation in alcohol metabolism would be useful. METHODS To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we correlated variation in polymorphic markers with blood EtOH concentration and the rate of EtOH metabolism (beta) in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains and in 25 of their recombinant inbred strains after 2 and 3 g/kg of EtOH intraperitoneally. RESULTS A QTL associated with beta values for both doses was definitively mapped to the proximal region of chromosome 17, syntenic with human chromosome 6q25-27. Seven to 12 chromosomal regions were provisionally identified for each phenotype; several were associated with 2 or more phenotypes. Each QTL suggests the location of a gene or genes affecting EtOH pharmacokinetics. Candidate genes suggested by these analyses included several whose gene products are known to be induced by EtOH (e.g., superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, and cytochrome P450 2E1), as well as several whose gene products have signaling functions likely to contribute to this induction. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide evidence for the existence of genes affecting EtOH metabolism in multiple chromosomal regions. Future studies will be required to identify the chromosome 17 gene product. Use of other genetic populations, such as B6D2F2 crosses, will be required to determine which of the provisional loci represent true and which represent false-positive associations.
Macrophage-derived transforming growth factor-beta1 induces hepatocellular injury via apoptosis in rat severe acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND The mechanism of acute pancreatitis-induced hepatocellular injury is unclear. We have observed hepatocyte apoptosis in rat acute necrotizing pancreatitis. These studies were designed to determine the mediator(s) responsible for hepatocyte apoptosis and to clarify the significance of macrophages as its source. METHODS A rat sodium deoxycholate-induced pancreatitis model was used. Immunohistochemical studies for apoptosis-inducing mediators on hepatocytes were examined in the liver and on the peritoneal macrophages. The levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were also evaluated quantitatively with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Induction of apoptosis on the hepatocytes was evaluated by in situ nick-end labeling and tissue DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Finally, the effects of TGF-beta1 neutralization and macrophage depletion were examined. RESULTS In the liver and the peritoneal macrophages, strong expression of TGF-beta1 was detected early in the course of pancreatitis. In sodium deoxycholate-induced pancreatitis, the levels of TGF-beta1 were also elevated in the plasma (9.2 +/- 0.8 ng/mL), in the pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (11.5 +/- 0.6 ng/mL), and in the liver homogenate (2.8 +/- 0.3 ng/g of liver tissue). Moreover, the amount of fragmented DNA of the liver with pancreatitis was 290% +/- 20% of that with a sham operation and serum alanine aminotransferase levels elevated to 248.2 +/- 67.0 IU/L. TGF-beta1 neutralization partly blocked the positive labeling on the nuclei of the hepatocytes, the elevation of the amounts of fragmented DNA (205% +/- 10% of sham operation), and the serum alanine aminotransferase level (144.2 +/- 14.9 IU/L). On the other hand, the macrophage depletion caused a marked decrease in the TGF-beta1 protein level in the plasma (4.8 +/- 1.2 ng/mL) or in the pancreatitis-associated ascitic fluid (8.0 +/- 1.0 ng/mL). Moreover, the macrophage depletion completely inhibited the elevation of the TGF-beta1 protein level in the liver homogenate (1.5 +/- 0.4 ng/g of liver tissue), and thereafter decreased the amounts of the positive labeling on the nuclei of the hepatocytes and decreased the amount of fragmented DNA (120% +/- 18% of sham operation) and the serum alanine aminotransferase elevation (119.2 +/- 24.2 IU/L). CONCLUSIONS In a model of sodium deoxycholate-induced pancreatitis, macrophages are responsible for pancreatitis-induced hepatocellular injury by means of apoptosis, and macrophage-derived TGF-beta1 is one of the major factors inducing the hepatocyte apoptosis.
The Role of Party-Led Dissent in Redemocratization

A previous study (Franklin, 1999) shows that when competitive regimes are overthrown, political parties often take part in active resistance under the subsequent authoritarian regime. This study examines whether such party-led dissent has an impact on the redemocratization process by comparing the length of time that passed before re-establishment of democracy in 22 countries. The primary finding is that a relatively early redemocratization only occurred in countries that experienced party-led dissent under authoritarian rule. However, party-led dissent alone is not sufficient for an early return to democracy, as seven of the 17 countries experiencing such dissent took longer to redemocratize. Therefore, some consideration is given here to other factors that may combine with the presence of party-led dissent in causing authoritarian leaders to relent and allow a return to democracy. These possible factors include the timing of dissent, the level of instability in the authoritarian government, the level of unity in the opposition, and the international political context.
Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Salience Network of Adolescent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Neural network investigations are currently absent in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). In this study, we examine whether the core intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) are altered in adolescent CFS patients. Eighteen adolescent patients with CFS and 18 aged matched healthy adolescent control subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rfMRI). Data was analyzed using dual-regression independent components analysis, which is a data-driven approach for the identification of independent brain networks. Intrinsic connectivity was evaluated in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). Associations between network characteristics and symptoms of CFS were also explored. Adolescent CFS patients displayed a significant decrease in SN functional connectivity to the right posterior insula compared to healthy comparison participants, which was related to fatigue symptoms. Additionally, there was an association between pain intensity and SN functional connectivity to the left middle insula and caudate that differed between adolescent patients and healthy comparison participants. Our findings of insula dysfunction and its association with fatigue severity and pain intensity in adolescent CFS demonstrate an aberration of the salience network which might play a role in CFS pathophysiology.
Dense nuclear cataract caused by the gammaB-crystallin S11R point mutation.

PURPOSE To identify the causative gene mutation for a new dominant cataract in mice and to investigate the molecular basis for how the mutated gene leads to a dense nuclear cataract. METHODS Genomewide linkage analysis and DNA sequencing were used to determine the gene mutation. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to characterize lens phenotypes. Ion concentrations were measured by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). RESULTS A point mutation (A to C) of the gammaB-crystallin gene, which results in the gammaB-S11R mutant protein, was identified in this cataractous mouse line. Homozygous mutant mice developed dense nuclear cataracts associated with disrupted inner lens fiber cells. Immunohistochemistry data revealed gamma-crystallin aggregates at the cell boundaries of inner mature fibers that lose actin filaments. Western blotting showed an increased degradation of crystallin proteins correlated with the nuclear cataract. ICP-OES confirmed a substantial elevation of calcium concentration in mutant lenses. CONCLUSIONS This dominant cataract was caused by the gammaB-S11R mutation. Mutant gammaB-S11R proteins triggered the gamma-crystallin aggregation that probably disrupted membrane-cytoskeleton structures of inner fiber cells, causing increased calcium influxes. Subsequent activation of calcium-dependent protein degradation and degeneration of inner mature fiber cells led to the dense nuclear cataract.
Models of Respiratory Infections: Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations and Beyond

Respiratory infections are one of the main health problems worldwide. They are a challenging field of study due to an intricate relationship between the pathogenicity of microbes and the host's defenses. To better understand mechanisms of respiratory infections, different models have been developed. A model is the reproduction of a disease in a system that mimics human pathophysiology. For this reason, the best models should closely resemble real-life conditions. Thus, the human model is the best. However, human models of respiratory infections have some disadvantages that limit their role. Therefore, other models, including animal, in vitro, and mathematical ones, have been developed. We will discuss advantages and limitations of available models and focus on models of viral infections as triggers of asthma exacerbations, viral infections being one of the most frequent causes of exacerbating disease. Future studies should focus on the interrelation of various models.
All kinesin superfamily protein, KIF, genes in mouse and human

Intracellular transport is essential for morphogenesis and functioning of the cell. The kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) have been shown to transport membranous organelles and protein complexes in a microtubule- and ATP-dependent manner. More than 30 KIFs have been reported in mice. However, the nomenclature of KIFs has not been clearly established, resulting in various designations and redundant names for a single KIF. Here, we report the identification and classification of all KIFs in mouse and human genome transcripts. Previously unidentified murine KIFs were found by a PCR-based search. The identification of all KIFs was confirmed by a database search of the total human genome. As a result, there are a total of 45 KIFs. The nomenclature of all KIFs is presented. To understand the function of KIFs in intracellular transport in a single tissue, we focused on the brain. The expression of 38 KIFs was detected in brain tissue by Northern blotting or PCR using cDNA. The brain, mainly composed of highly differentiated and polarized cells such as neurons and glia, requires a highly complex intracellular transport system as indicated by the increased number of KIFs for their sophisticated functions. It is becoming increasingly clear that the cell uses a number of KIFs and tightly controls the direction, destination, and velocity of transportation of various important functional molecules, including mRNA. This report will set the foundation of KIF and intracellular transport research.