Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elderly Patients Treated with Tinzaparin (Innohep®) Administered once Daily (175 Anti-Xa IU/kg): Anti-Xa and Anti-IIa Activities over 10 Days

Summary Since low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are partly eliminated by renal excretion, their pharmacodynamic profile may be modified in very elderly patients with age-related renal impairment. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether tinzaparin (Innohep®) 175 anti-Xa IU/kg administered subcutaneously once daily over 10 days does accumulate in hospital patients greater than 70 years of age. Plasma anti-Xa and anti-IIa amidolytic levels and APTT were determined prior to the first injection (day 0), and then, at peak level i.e. 5 h after the second injection (day 2) and subsequently on days 5, 7 and 10. Thirty consecutive inpatients (6 men, 24 women) requiring LMWHs at a curative dose for acute thromboembolic disease were included. Patients’ characteristics (mean ± SD) were: age 87.0 ± 5.9 years (range 71–96), body weight 62.7 ± 14.6 kg (range 38-90) and creatinine clearance 40.6 ± 15.3 mL/min (range 20–72). The mean actual dose of tinzaparin delivered was 174.8 anti-Xa IU/kg. Since no patient had an anti-Xa activity above 1.5 IU/mL, the dose of tinzaparin remained fixed over 10 days. Anti-Xa and anti-IIa peak levels measured on day 2 were 0.66 ± 0.20 IU/mL (range 0.26–1.04) and 0.33 ± 0.10 IU/mL (range 0.18–0.55), respectively. Ex vivo anti-Xa/anti-IIa ratios were close to 2.1. APTT ratios (patient/control) were strongly correlated with anti-IIa activity (p <0.01). There was no progressive increase of the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities after repeated administration of tinzaparin over the 10 day treatment period. No correlation was found between anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities and age, weight, or creatinine clearance. No major bleeding occurred during the study and only one minor haematoma at the injection site was reported. No thromboembolic complication or death occurred. Tinzaparin may thus be administered safely at a treatment dose (175 anti-Xa IU/kg) in older patients with age-related renal impairment. Neither dose adjustment, nor serial anti-Xa activity monitoring seems to be required in patients with creatinine clearance above 20 mL/min during the first ten day treatment.
Colloidal Nanocrystals with Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Surface Ligands

Colloidal Nanocrystal Compounds Colloidal nanocrystals have properties that fall between those of the individual atoms but also differ from bulk due to confinement effects. They can thus be thought of as analogs of atoms, and, like atoms, there is a desire to bond together neighboring particles, which will also affect their properties. During synthesis, organic ligands are used to prevent the colloidal nanocrystals from growing too large or agglomerating, but these ligands result in poor interparticle coupling and communication. Kovalenko et al. (p. 1417) show that chalcogenide complexes (compounds based on S, Se, or Te) can effectively link together neighboring particles. Upon gentle heating, the ligands can be converted from insulating to semiconducting without altering the chemistry of the nanocrystals. Chalcogenide-based ligands are used to link colloidal nanocrystals together and can be converted into semiconducting complexes. Similar to the way that atoms bond to form molecules and crystalline structures, colloidal nanocrystals can be combined together to form larger assemblies. The properties of these structures are determined by the properties of individual nanocrystals and by their interactions. The insulating nature of organic ligands typically used in nanocrystal synthesis results in very poor interparticle coupling. We found that various molecular metal chalcogenide complexes can serve as convenient ligands for colloidal nanocrystals and nanowires. These ligands can be converted into semiconducting phases upon gentle heat treatment, generating inorganic nanocrystal solids. The utility of the inorganic ligands is demonstrated for model systems, including highly conductive arrays of gold nanocrystals capped with Sn2S64– ions and field-effect transistors on cadmium selenide nanocrystals.
Conflict of Interest or Community of Collaboration: Leadership, SME Network Dialectics and Dialogs?

In this chapter we aim to consider both dialectical and dialogical systems, local and regional policies and practice implications for the communication and management of the creative as well as destructive conflict within networks and what else may be needed by cooperating parties as a support infrastructure to assist the development and growth of SME innovation networks. We firstly outline key terms, concepts and issues about innovation, collaboration and the goals set for business incubators by the European Union and globally, contrasting these with each other. We provide an overview of the role of key stakeholders, systems and research analyses, discussion and recommendations indicating our own. These recommendations will be informed by some case studies we have been engaged in as well as the wider research literature canon on these topics.
Kidney Exchange and the Alliance for Paired Donation: Operations Research Changes the Way Kidneys Are Transplanted

Many end-stage renal disease sufferers who require a kidney transplant to prolong their lives have a relative or friend who has volunteered to donate a kidney to them, but whose kidney is incompatible with the intended recipient. This incompatibility can sometimes be overcome by exchanging a kidney with another incompatible patient-donor pair. Such kidney exchanges have emerged as a standard mode of kidney transplantation in the United States. The Alliance for Paired Donation APD developed and implemented nonsimultaneous extended altruistic donor NEAD chains, an innovative technique that allows a previously binding constraint of simultaneity to be relaxed; thus, it permits longer chains and better-optimized matching of potential donors to patients, greatly increasing the number of possible transplants. Since 2006, the APD has saved more than 220 lives through its kidney exchange program, with more than 75 percent of these achieved through nonsimultaneous chains. Other kidney exchange programs have adopted the technology and methods pioneered by APD, resulting in more than 1,000 lives already saved, with the promise of increasing impact in coming years. In 2013, the percentage of transplants from nonsimultaneous chains reached more than six percent of the number of transplants from living donors. In this paper, we describe the long-term optimization and market design research that supports this innovation. We also describe how a team of physicians and operations researchers worked to overcome the skepticism and resistance of the medical community to the NEAD innovation.
Promises and challenges of nanoplasmonic devices for refractometric biosensing

Abstract Optical biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in metallic thin films are currently standard tools for measuring molecular binding kinetics and affinities – an important task for biophysical studies and pharmaceutical development. Motivated by recent progress in the design and fabrication of metallic nanostructures, such as nanoparticles or nanoholes of various shapes, researchers have been pursuing a new generation of biosensors harnessing tailored plasmonic effects in these engineered nanostructures. Nanoplasmonic devices, while demanding nanofabrication, offer tunability with respect to sensor dimension and physical properties, thereby enabling novel biological interfacing opportunities and extreme miniaturization. Here we provide an integrated overview of refractometric biosensing with nanoplasmonic devices and highlight some recent examples of nanoplasmonic sensors capable of unique functions that are difficult to accomplish with conventional SPR. For example, since the local field strength and spatial distribution can be readily tuned by varying the shape and arrangement of nanostructures, biomolecular interactions can be controlled to occur in regions of high field strength. This may improve signal-to-noise and also enable sensing a small number of molecules. Furthermore, the nanoscale plasmonic sensor elements may, in combination with nanofabrication and materials-selective surface-modifications, make it possible to merge affinity biosensing with nanofluidic liquid handling.
Very early combination antiretroviral therapy in infants: prospects for cure

Purpose of reviewA single case of sustained HIV control in the absence of antiretroviral therapy or HIV-specific immune responses ensued following 18 months of combination antiretroviral therapy initiated at 30 h of age in a perinatally HIV-infected child (the Mississippi child). This case provides proof-of-concept that delay in HIV viremic rebound may ensue following very early treatment (VET) in perinatal infection, likely through marked reduction of latent replication-competent HIV reservoirs. Recent findingsThe latent HIV reservoir remains the critical barrier to remission. Several studies indicate that the earlier effective combination antiretroviral therapy is initiated, the smaller the size of the HIV reservoir. The unique ability of perinatally infected neonates to initiate VET at the time of birth maximizes the potential benefits of limiting latent reservoir size and permitting reservoir decay, likely lengthening the duration of remission and limiting the capacity for re-establishment of viremia. SummaryThis article covers the rationale and feasibility of VET to achieve sustained virologic remission in perinatal infection. Recent studies highlighting the effects of VET on biomarkers of HIV persistence in perinatal HIV infection are reviewed as well as implications and challenges for cure research in pediatric populations.
Speech Parameter Extraction by a Cooperative Feature & Pattern Selector Approach

This paper proposes an hybrid method for efficient feature and pattern selection for speech recognition. First a signal processing tool, segments and extracts a large number of speech parameters (LPC, cepstral, PLP, formants, derivatives) from a multiple speaker digit-database in Italian language. Then, the resulting codified phones are input to a data reduction algorithm for reducing in both, feature and pattern dimensions. The feature selection stage is based on a statistical approach that eliminates the lower covariance feature fields. The pattern reduction takes place with a multidimensional geometric approach that selects the most relevant patterns of each class. The stop condition for both types of reductions, is controlled by a preset tolerance error present for speech recognition evaluation. Experimental results have shown reductions up to 65% of original data set dimensions maintaining word recognition rates above a 92% level.
Chlorpyrifos exposure affects fgf8, sox9, and bmp4 expression required for cranial neural crest morphogenesis and chondrogenesis in Xenopus laevis embryos

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide used primarily to control foliage and soil‐borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In mammals, maternal exposure to CPF has been reported to induce dose‐related abnormalities such as slower brain growth and cerebral cortex thinning. In lower vertebrates, for example, fish and amphibians, teratogenic activity of this compound is correlated with several anatomical alterations. Little is known about the effects of CPF on mRNA expression of genes involved in early development of the anatomical structures appearing abnormal in embryos. This study investigated the effects of exposure to different CPF concentrations (10, 15 and 20 mg/L) on Xenopus laevis embryos from stage 4/8 to stage 46. Some of the morphological changes we detected in CPF‐exposed embryos included cranial neural crest cell (NCC)‐derived structures. For this reason, we analyzed the expression of select genes involved in hindbrain patterning (egr2), cranial neural crest chondrogenesis, and craniofacial development (fgf8, bmp4, sox9, hoxa2 and hoxb2). We found that CPF exposure induced a reduction in transcription of all the genes involved in NCC‐dependent chondrogenesis, with largest reductions in fgf8 and sox9; whereas, in hindbrain, we did not find any alterations in egr2 expression. Changes in the expression of fgf8, bmp4, and sox9, which are master regulators of several developmental pathways, have important implications. If these changes are confirmed to belong to a general pattern of alterations in vertebrates prenatally exposed to OP, they might be useful to assess damage during vertebrate embryo development. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:589–604, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastasis and its Related Factors in Female Breast Cancer Patients in Kerman, Iran

Background: Metastasis is important in survival and the quality of life of female breast cancer patients. This study was run in order to investigate metastasis and its related factors in female breast cancer patients in Kerman province from 2005 to 2015. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with secondary metastasis in female breast cancer patients in the largest province of Iran (Kerman). Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, medical records of women diagnosed with breast cancer between the years of 2005 to 2015 were studied. Among them, 200 breast cancer patients with secondary metastasis were randomly selected as cases and 400 patients without metastasis were selected as the control group. Backward logistic regression, chi-square test, t-test and Mann-Whitney-U test were performed for comparing the two groups in SPSS 22. Results: Disease stage at diagnosis was significantly associated with secondary metastasis (p<0.001). Female patients with stage III breast cancer at the time of diagnosis had a higher chance OR=9.11 (CI 95%=2.99-27.76) of metastasis than women with stage 0 and 1 at diagnosis. Also, patients from rural areas had a higher chance for metastasis OR=1.89 (CI 95%=1.04-3.41). Other factors such as age, tumor size, tumor grade at diagnosis, hormone receptor status of estrogen and progesterone and Her-2 showed no significant association with metastasis (p>0.05). Conclusion: Stage at diagnosis and the residential location of patients were the most important factors related to secondary metastasis. These results emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, adequate education and awareness for breast cancer screening.
Acute and chronic diuretic effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diles in normal rats.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic diuretic effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diles. METHODS The ethanolic extract was administered (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) in Wistar rats. In the acute study, rats received drugs orally and urine was collected after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h. The chronic study involved repeated administration of ethanolic extract for 28 days and urine was collected on day 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The parameters were total urine volume, concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl- ions, creatinine in urine and serum. Urine output, electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl- ions) and creatinine were determined on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. KEY FINDINGS The highest dose (400 mg/kg) of the ethanolic extract significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced urine output. Excretion of cations (Na+ and K+ ions) and anions (Cl- ions) increased significantly with respect to the control (gum acacia 2% dissolved in saline, 10 ml/kg) group. The increase of cations in the urine after treatment with ethanolic extract was dose dependent. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. hirsutus (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and furosemide (10 mg/kg) did not significantly change the concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl- ions in serum. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. hirsutus (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and furosemide (10 mg/kg) increased the excretion of creatinine in urine but with a corresponding decrease in serum. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. hirsutus (400 mg/kg) had significant diuretic effect in rats.
Study of the Optimal Search and Rescue Model of Helicopter on Sea

First we give the concept of the search rescue mode of helicopter on sea and then the kinetic models of the target in danger and the helicopter and the observers' spotting probability model are built by applying the human engineering theory and the operations research principles. Using the method of comparison and selection, the optimal search rescue model of helicopter on sea is obtained based on the simulation results.
Influence of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Hyperglycemic Response to Foods in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus as Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System: A Pilot Study

Background: The purpose of this prospective open-label trial was (1) to assess the Influence of oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) on the glycemic index (GI), glucose response curves (GRCs), daily mean plasma glucose (MPG) and (2) to compare the GI of foods in persons with OAD-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the respective GI in healthy persons (HP). Methods: Tested foods containing 50 g of carbohydrates were eaten for breakfast and dinner after 10 and 4 h of fasting, respectively. Glycemic index, GRC, and MPG were obtained using the CGMS® System Gold™ (CGMS). In T2DM patients [n = 16; age (mean ± standard error) 56.0 ± 2.25 years], foods were tested four times: tests 1, 2, and 3 were performed within one week in which placebo was introduced on day 2, and test 4 was carried out five weeks after reintroduction of OAD. Glycemic indexes, GRC, and MPG from tests 1, 2, 3, and 4 were compared. In a control group of 20 HP (age 24.4 ± 0.71 years), the mean GIs were calculated as the mean from 20 subject-related GIs. Results: In T2DM patients, subject-related assessment of GIs, GRC, and MPG distinguished persons with and without OAD effect. Nevertheless, the group-related GIs and the MPG on days 2, 8, and 39 showed no significant difference. There was no significant difference between the GIs in OAD-treated T2DM patients (test 4) versus HP (except in apple baby food). Glucose response curves were significantly larger in T2DM patients (test 4) versus HP. Conclusions: Determination of GRC and subject-related GI using the CGMS appears to be a potential means for the evaluation of efficacy of OAD treatment. Further studies are underway.
Porous silicon passivation for applications in sensors and photovoltaics: Optical characterization

Porous silicon monolayers with different porosities were produced by etching p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) in HF-based electrolytes. Mesoporous structures were achieved in heavily doped c-Si anodized into HF:ethanol, whereas for macroporous ones slightly doped c-Si was etched in HF and dimethylformamide solution. After electrochemical oxidation of them, it was found that depending on both the porosity and remaining cSi size, the thickness of them becomes contracted, while the reduction of the effective refractive index (ERI) is associated to the presence of silicon oxide within the structures. The optical reflectance of the as-etched, oxidized and polymer deposited macroporous silicon shows that they are excellent materials for sensor and photovoltaic application.
Towards the Improvement of Automated Scientific Document Categorization by Deep Learning

This master thesis describes an algorithm for automated categorization of scientific documents using deep learning techniques and compares the results to the results of existing classification algorithms. As an additional goal a reusable API is to be developed allowing the automation of classification tasks in existing software. A design will be proposed using a convolutional neural network as a classifier and integrating this into a REST based API. This is then used as the basis for an actual proof of concept implementation presented as well in this thesis. It will be shown that the deep learning classifier provides very good result in the context of multi-class document categorization and that it is feasible to integrate such classifiers into a larger ecosystem using REST based services.
Testing Maternal-fetal Genotype Incompatibility With Mother-offspring Pair Data

1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA 2. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202 USA 3. Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA 4. Department of Mathematical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871 5. Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48201 USA
Beyond vandalism: Wikipedia trolls

Research on trolls is scarce, but their activities challenge online communities; one of the main challenges of the Wikipedia community is to fight against vandalism and trolls. This study identifies Wikipedia trolls’ behaviours and motivations, and compares and contrasts hackers with trolls; it extends our knowledge about this type of vandalism and concludes that Wikipedia trolls are one type of hacker. This study reports that boredom, attention seeking, and revenge motivate trolls; they regard Wikipedia as an entertainment venue, and find pleasure from causing damage to the community and other people. Findings also suggest that trolls’ behaviours are characterized as repetitive, intentional, and harmful actions that are undertaken in isolation and under hidden virtual identities, involving violations of Wikipedia policies, and consisting of destructive participation in the community.