Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bibliography on the occurrence and intrusion of saltwater in aquifers along the Atlantic Coast of the United States

Freshwater aquifers along the Atlantic coast of the United States are vulnerable to the intrusion of saltwater from saline waters that bound the aquifers along their seaward margins. Incidences of saltwater intrusion have been documented along the Atlantic coast for more than 100 years. This report provides a bibliography of published literature relating to the occurrence and intrusion of saltwater along the Atlantic coast of the United States, including all of the coastal States from Maine to Florida (including the coast of Florida along the Gulf of Mexico). The bibliography contains 549 references that date from 1896 to 2001. The bibliography contains references to books, journal articles, and government and other technical reports and maps that could be readily obtained through a scientific library. Conference papers and abstracts, unpublished manuscripts, publications in press, newspaper articles, consulting reports, and reports prepared by local or regional water companies or water districts are omitted from the bibliography.
South Pacific intermediate water oxygen depletion at the onset of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum as depicted in New Zealand margin sections

[1] Extreme global warming and massive input of 13C-depleted carbon into the exogenic carbon cycle characterize the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) circa 55.5 Ma. Previous work indicates that dissolved O2 concentrations dropped in some regions of the ocean during this event, but spatial, temporal, and causal relationships between warming, carbon input, and O2 deficiency remain elusive. We present lithologic, carbon isotopic, and trace fossil results from outcrops in New Zealand that clarify this issue. Sections exposed at Mead and Dee Streams in eastern Marlborough, South Island, contain expanded sedimentary intervals that were deposited before, during, and after the PETM on an upper continental slope. The PETM in these intervals is characterized by enhanced siliciclastic deposition, a hallmark negative carbon isotope excursion, and a loss of bioturbation. Importantly, however, the latter only occurs during the prominent drop in δ13C and not during its recovery. Our results suggest that South Pacific intermediate waters became hypoxic coincident to carbon injection at the start of the PETM. While higher sea surface temperatures throughout the PETM would have decreased the dissolved oxygen content of sinking surface waters, we argue here that oxygen depletion was driven by some combination of elevated temperature, water column stratification, and intermediate water methane oxidation.
Large scale dynamics and MJO forcing of ENSO variability

A simple two‐predictor regression model is developed to estimate the relative influence of large‐scale low frequency ocean‐atmosphere dynamics and high frequency atmospheric forcing on peak sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variations for the period 1980–2005. One predictor is equatorial warm water volume (WWV), which is an index for the role that upper ocean heat content plays in regulating ENSO variability. The other predictor characterizes high frequency atmospheric forcing in the western Pacific linked to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). The two‐predictor model accounts for about 60–65% of peak Nino3.4 SST anomaly variance at 2–3 season lead times and suggests about equal influence (on average) of low frequency dynamical processes and the MJO on peak ENSO SST anomalies over the past 25 years. The implications of these results for ENSO prediction are discussed.
2.5‐D surface deformation of M6.1 earthquake near Mt Iwate detected by SAR interferometry

The two‐dimensional displacement vector field on the Earth's surface associated with a large earthquake near Iwate volcano in Japan, was mapped by combining satellite radar interferometry images from two different track directions. The displacement reveals not only large main ruptures, but details of many small faults movement of aftershocks and volcanic earthquakes. The displacements of the aftershock faults coincide with a stress field reorganized by the main earthquake that accelerated the aftershock fault movements. The displacements mimic the topography, suggesting that repeated movements of the same faults in the Quaternary have led to the presently existing topography.
Supranational study of population potential: Spain and France

Nowadays, people divide their activities into different spaces and times, often depending on information and transport networks. Moreover, each social group generates an interaction with others in terms of social, economic and functional activities. These relationships are complicated to display, however an approach can be made from potential models. Population potential is one of the most fruitful adaptations of Physics laws to the field of Human Geography. The gravity model suggests that two separate groups of people, say in two cities, generate a mutual interaction proportional to the product of their sizes, and that this interaction is impeded by the frictional effect of the intervening distance over which it must take place (Rich, 1980. Potential models in human geography. Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, 26. University of East Anglia, Norwich). Population potential indicates the intensity of possible interactions between social or economic groups at different locations. Therefore, it is an index of the nearness of people to one another and a measure of the influence of people at a distance. This study uses a variant of the gravity model, adding the population of each cell to the total potential calculated for it. The result of this work is a raster map (5-km cell size) for Spain and France in 2008, at a scale of 1:5,350,000. This map uses a sequential color scheme to represent population potential and to illustrate the broad spatial distributions and interactions of population. This is a useful tool for functional and demographic analysis which supplements other population representations by density or symbol size.
On ENSO impacts on European wintertime rainfalls and their modulation by the NAO and the Pacific multi‐decadal variability described through the PDO index

While strong relationships have previously been established between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and climate variability in many parts of the world, previous analyses of ENSO impacts on European rainfalls have been variable and inconclusive. In this paper, the role and apparent interactions of a range of known teleconnections are assessed. It is shown that ENSO events do indeed appear to impact European rainfalls and that these impacts are likely to also depend on the concurrent state of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In particular, it is demonstrated that ENSO impacts most significantly on European wintertime rainfalls during positive (warm) phases of the PDO. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
NEW AUSTRALIAN OLIGOCENE TO MIOCENE RINGTAIL POSSUMS (PSEUDOCHEIRIDAE) AND REVISION OF THE GENUS MARLU

Abstract: Four genera of extinct ringtail possums have been reported from Australian Oligocene to Miocene sediments since 1987. The genus Marlu was described from two species, M. kutjamarpensis and M. praecursor (Woodburne, Tedford and Archer), from the Miocene Kutjamarpu Local Fauna (Leaf Locality) and late Oligocene Wadikali Local Fauna respectively, of northern South Australia. New fossil material referable to this genus has been collected from the Leaf Locality and the Oligocene to Miocene Riversleigh World Heritage Area in northwest Queensland. Three new species, Marlu karya sp. nov. from middle Miocene Riversleigh local faunas and Marlu syke sp. nov. and Marlu ampelos sp. nov. from the Leaf Locality as well as early to middle Miocene Riversleigh local faunas are described. A revision and rediagnosis of the genus and published species are made following the re‐examination of referred material in conjunction with the new material. Marlu is characterized by simple dentition and synapomorphies with extant pseudocheirids such as a conjoined postmetacristid and preentocristid on m1 and the loss of the entostylid ridge. New material from middle Miocene Riversleigh deposits has been referred to M. kutjamarpensis, extending the known distribution and age of that species. Re‐examination of M. praecursor has revealed the presence of a small m1 entostylid ridge, contributing further to differences between M. praecursor and all other Marlu species and raising the possibility that Marlu is paraphyletic. The new material does not contradict a sister group relationship between ‘Marlu’ (excluding M. praecursor) and the Pliocene–Pleistocene genus Pseudokoala. Homology of the pseudocheirid m1 protostylid identified in species of Paljara, Pildra and Marlu with that observed in extant species is reconsidered. The ‘protostylid’ of the extinct genera is herein described as the buccal stylid.
Use of Airborne Gamma Radiometrics to Infer Soil Properties for a Forested Area in British Columbia, Canada

We obtained radiometric data from a public-domain archive maintained by Natural Resources Canada and processed them to produce a ternary image for a portion of the Cariboo region. A field program was used to evaluate what information could be reliably inferred from the available data. This initial investigation confirmed that the radiometrics for this area exhibited consistent and useful patterns to interpret the lithology, mineralogy, depth, and moisture status of the surficial materials. Different colour patterns in the ternary image correlated well with different compositions of the various tills. We noted a clear association between higher values of radioactive emission and more recently deposited aeolian, alluvial, and glaciofluvial sediments that contained higher concentrations of relatively unweathered minerals. We observed a clear pattern of lower emission from wetlands and areas of wet soil. Airborne radiometrics, even at 500-m line spacing, provided invaluable and precise information—not otherwise obtainable—for mapping or modelling spatial variation in properties of the surficial material within the forested study area in British Columbia. We recommend further investigations to develop operational procedures for the use of such data in mapping surficial materials.
Taphonomy and Taxonomy of the Early Ordovician Gastropod Ceratopea canadensis (Billings), 1865

Several hundred silicified specimens of Pleurotomaria canadensis Billings, 1865 and other rare fossils indicative of a late Canadian age have been collected from the Oxford Formation, southwest of Ottawa, Ontario. Redescription of this neglected gastropod species permits its assignment to the genus Ceratopea, even though no ceratopean opercula have been found.Rare faunal elements include ribeirioids and open coiled gastropods that may have lived, respectively, in and on a mud bottom. There is no evidence that they have been transported. It is suggested that Ceratopea canadensis lived on algal mats some distance away from the shore and from where it is now found. After death, the soft parts of this gastropod decayed and the heavy operculum rotted off. The lightened shell, filled with gas, floated shoreward, likely under conditions of relatively calm water. Discovery of opercula within the Oxford Formation would provide evidence to support this hypothesis.
Implicit sensorimotor adaptation is preserved in Parkinson’s disease

Our ability to enact successful goal-directed actions involves multiple learning processes. Among these processes, implicit motor adaptation ensures that the sensorimotor system remains finely tuned in response to changes in the body and environment. Whether Parkinson’s Disease (PD) impacts implicit motor adaptation remains a contentious area of research: whereas multiple reports show impaired performance in this population, many others show intact performance. While there are a range of methodological differences across studies, one critical issue is that performance in many of the studies may reflect a combination of implicit adaptation and strategic re-aiming. Here, we revisited this controversy using a visuomotor task designed to isolate implicit adaptation. In two experiments, we found that adaptation in response to a wide range of visual perturbations (3° - 45°) was similar in PD and matched control participants. Moreover, in a meta-analysis of previously published work, we found that the mean effect size contrasting PD and controls across 16 experiments was not significant. Together, these analyses indicate that implicit adaptation is preserved in PD, offering a fresh perspective on the role of the basal ganglia in sensorimotor learning. Significance statement Among multiple motor learning processes, implicit adaptation ensures that our motor system remains exquisitely calibrated. Whether Parkinson’s disease affects implicit motor adaptation has been a point of controversy. We revisited this issue using a visuomotor task designed to isolate implicit adaptation and found that individuals with PD and matched controls showed indistinguishable performance. A meta-analysis based on data from 16 previous experiments yielded a similar null result, strongly supporting the notion that implicit adaptation is preserved in PD.
Gastric Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI)-1 Is Associated with Hyperphagia and Obesity in Mice

The adipokine plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is increased in plasma of obese individuals and exhibits increased expression in the stomachs of individuals infected with Helicobacter. To investigate the relevance of gastric PAI-1, we used 1.1 kb of the H+/K+β subunit promoter to overexpress PAI-1 specifically in mouse gastric parietal cells (PAI-1-H/Kβ mice). We studied the physiological, biochemical, and behavioral characteristics of these and mice null for PAI-1 or a putative receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). PAI-1-H/Kβ mice had increased plasma concentrations of PAI-1 and increased body mass, adiposity, and hyperphagia compared with wild-type mice. In the latter, food intake was inhibited by cholecystokinin (CCK)8s, but PAI-1-H/Kβ mice were insensitive to the satiating effects of CCK8s. PAI-1-H/Kβ mice also had significantly reduced expression of c-fos in the nucleus tractus solitarius in response to CCK8s and refeeding compared with wild-type mice. Exogenous PAI-1 reversed the effects of CCK8s on food intake and c-fos levels in the nucleus tractus solitarius of wild-type mice, but not uPAR-null mice. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with Helicobacter felis increased gastric abundance of PAI-1 and reduced the satiating effects of CCK8s, whereas the response to CCK8s was maintained in infected PAI-1–null mice. In cultured vagal afferent neurons, PAI-1 inhibited stimulation of neuropeptide Y type 2 receptor (Y2R) expression by CCK8s. Thus, gastric expression of PAI-1 is associated with hyperphagia, moderate obesity, and resistance to the satiating effects of CCK indicating a new role in suppressing signals from the upper gut that inhibit food intake.
Discovery of a Chemical Tool Inhibitor Targeting the Bromodomains of TRIM24 and BRPF

TRIM24 is a transcriptional regulator as well as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. It is overexpressed in diverse tumors, and high expression levels have been linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. TRIM24 contains a PHD/bromodomain offering the opportunity to develop protein interaction inhibitors that target this protein interaction module. Here we identified potent acetyl-lysine mimetic benzimidazolones TRIM24 bromodomain inhibitors. The best compound of this series is a selective BRPF1B/TRIM24 dual inhibitor that bound with a KD of 137 and 222 nM, respectively, but exerted good selectivity over other bromodomains. Cellular activity of the inhibitor was demonstrated using FRAP assays as well as cell viability data.
A vadose zone water fluxmeter with divergence control

Unsaturated water flux densities are needed to quantify water and contaminant transfer within the vadose zone. However, water flux densities are seldom measured directly and often are predicted with uncertainties of an order or magnitude or more. A water fluxmeter was designed, constructed, and tested to directly measure drainage fluxes in field soils. The fluxmeter was designed to minimize divergence. It concentrates flow into a narrow sensing region filled with a fiberglass wick. The wick applies suction, proportional to its length, and passively drains the meter. The meter can be installed in an augured borehole at almost any depth below the root zone. Water flux through the meter is measured with a self‐calibrating tipping bucket, with a sensitivity of ∼4 mL tip−1. For our meter this is equivalent to detection limit of ∼0.1 mm. Passive‐wick devices previously have not properly corrected for flow divergence. Laboratory measurements supported predictions of a two‐dimensional (2‐D) numerical model, which showed that control of the collector height H and knowledge of soil hydraulic properties are required for improving divergence control, particularly at fluxes below 1000 mm yr−1. The water fluxmeter is simple in concept, is inexpensive, and has the capability of providing continuous and reliable monitoring of unsaturated water fluxes ranging from less than 1 mm yr−1 to more than 1000 mm yr−1.
The anthropology of St. Catherines Island. 4, The St. Catherines period mortuary complex. Anthropological papers of the AMNH ; v. 57, pt. 4

Resultats des fouilles archeologiques de deux mottes funeraires de la periode de St. Catherines. Datation fin 12 debut 13 s. apr. J.-C. Etude des squelettes humains et des dents, ainsi que des restes de faune: porc domestique et mollusques.
Tremor source location using time reversal: Selecting the appropriate imaging field

Studying triggered Non Volcanic Tremor (NVT) is important because it may help to map the depth of the locked zones of faults associated with high seismic risk. The success of this mapping depends on precisely locating the depth of tremor. Tremor, like other long‐lived signals (e.g., Earth hum) lacks distinct sharp timing features making it impossible to locate with classical approaches. Time Reversal has the advantage of exploiting the full waveform with no a priori assumption regarding the source or the observed signal. We perform a synthetic study of time reversal location of a long‐lasting source in the Los Angeles basin with a realistic 3D velocity model and sparse station set. We show that, the key to successfully locating NVT, is application of suitable imaging fields, such as the wave divergence, curl and energy current.
A new method of center orientation for glass thickness image processing

The on-line float glass thickness measurement system is based on digital image technology. LCCD is employed to capture a set of images of the delivering glass ribbon in real-time, and accordingly the measured thickness computation is carried out through the center orientated images. A new method for extracting the central line of the glass thickness image has been put forward for the blurring edge and distortion of noise problems occurred in the thickness image. Firstly, Canny algorithm is employed to detect the light-stripe edge precisely. Secondly, an improved barycenter method is employed to acquire each stripe image center accurately within the edge region. Comparing to other center orientation algorithms, the improved barycenter method can remove the image noise more effectively. The experiment results indicate that the extraction precision can be improved to 0.1% and the relative error of the thin glass plates is less than 0.14%, therefore it provides a thickness measurement system in high precision and high stability.
Solar activity‐total column ozone relationships: Observations and model studies with heterogeneous chemistry

In the present paper we examine the effect of long-term solar variability on total column ozone using the longest available ground-based (1964-1994) and satellite (1979-1992) zonally averaged total column ozone records. Numerical simulations with a two-dimensional (2-D) model, which incorporates heterogeneous chemistry, transport, and the representation of the long-term solar variability, are compared to the observations. Our analysis of the total column ozone records shows that the solar activity signal in total column ozone is better seen in the tropics and during periods with no volcanoes and no synergistic effects from El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and quasibiennial oscillation (QBO). On decadal timescales the solar activity component in total column ozone is confirmed to have a relatively small amplitude (1-2% of the 1964-1994 mean). The slowly varying decadal solar activity component in total column ozone has an amplitude 3 to 5 times larger than that of the 27-day solar rotation oscillation as seen in total ozone. The observations confirm model calculations of a larger amplitude in total column ozone at solar maximum as compared to solar activity minimum conditions for the 27-day period. The heterogeneous 2-D chemical transport model results are in good agreement with the long-term ground-based observations. It is noted that in the tropics both the interannual variability of total column ozone and the long-term impact from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) through the action of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are small and therefore the 1-2% solar activity signal in the data can be more clearly seen above the noise level at these lower latitudes.
Improvement of automatic acquisition of moving objects in long-distance imaging by blind image restoration

Automatic acquisition of moving objects from long-distance video sequence is a fundamental task in many applications such as surveillance and reconnaissance. However, the atmospheric degradations, which include blur and spatiotemporal-varying distortions, may reduce the quality of such videos, and therefore, the ability to acquire moving targets automatically. Pervious studies in the field of automatic acquisition of moving objects ignored the blur in the video frames. They usually employed simple methods for noise reduction (such as temporal and spatial smoothing) and motion compensation (registration of frames). The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of image restoration (de-blurring) on the ability to acquire moving objects (such as humans and vehicles) automatically. This is done here by first, restoring the long-distance thermal videos using a novel blind image deconvolution method developed recently, and then comparing the automatic acquisition capabilities in the restored videos versus the non-restored versions. Results show that image restoration can significantly improve the automatic acquisition capability. These results correspond to a previous study which demonstrated that image restoration can significantly improve the ability of human observers to acquire moving objects from a long-range thermal video.