Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Force Sensing in Wheel Slip Control

Highly nonlinear tire dynamics have been a concern in the automotive industry for decades. Wheel slip control is a prime example where the control problem is caused by nonlinear tire to road friction curves. To overcome this, conventional braking systems use wheel slip measurement and very complex rule based algorithms. Vehicle speed is however difficult to measure accurately, causing wheel slip measurement to be inexact and making slip-based control extremely difficult. This thesis introduces a control design using force measurement and a minimum of inaccurate measurements such as wheel slip and vehicle velocity. The proposed method is a 4-phase hybrid controller requiring accurate measurements of wheel deceleration and friction force alone. The controller is set up to cope with large parameter uncertainties and its design is relatively simple. While accurate measurements of vehicle speed and wheel slip are no longer required, the use of a force sensor leaves room for simple controller design. A deterministic approach proves controller robustness mathematically. In order to test the wheel slip controller, a practical setup has been made available. A model of this test bench is made so that simulation prior to physical testing is possible. The test bench is also modified so that wheel slip controller testing and vehicle simulation is possible. The force sensing controller is tested both in simulation and on a physical test bench and is compared to a conventional wheel slip controller. These tests show superior performance of the force sensing controller, even when force measurement errors of up to 20% are introduced. Slip measurement error can be as high as 25% before the force sensing controller performance is affected.
What are learners actually regulating when given feedback?

e-Assessment cannot benefit learners, and so education, unless it supports them in doing something differently in future. What, however, are learners trying to do better? This paper adopts a perspective in which learners simultaneously self-regulate multiple variables that are relevant to learning, and develops a theoretical argument that a key issue is the ambiguity of feedback events (such as a failed task or a poor mark) as to which variable should be adjusted. A common tacit assumption is that the relevant loop is about technical expertise, but in reality, students must and do also adjust effort, learning methods and course choices. Two methods for helping learners by resolving this ambiguity are discussed: telling learners directly which interpretation is relevant, and structuring learning activities to focus on one variable. Which loops are most important to learners generally shifts in the transition from school to university, implying that the role of feedback also changes. e-Assessment needs a major rethink to address these needs, and to understand why feedback is so often apparently ignored by students. Conversely, attending to all these loops would be to open new dialogues with learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Local Multicoloring Algorithms: Computing a Nearly-Optimal TDMA Schedule in Constant Time

We are given a set $V$ of autonomous agents (e.g.\ the computers of a distributed system) that are connected to each other by a graph $G=(V,E)$ (e.g.\ by a communication network connecting the agents). Assume that all agents have a unique ID between $1$ and $N$ for a parameter $N\ge|V|$ and that each agent knows its ID as well as the IDs of its neighbors in $G$. Based on this limited information, every agent $v$ must autonomously compute a set of colors $S_v\subseteq C$ such that the color sets $S_u$ and $S_v$ of adjacent agents $u$ and $v$ are disjoint. We prove that there is a deterministic algorithm that uses a total of $|C|=\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}(\Delta^2\log(N)/\ensuremath{\varepsilon}^2)$ colors such that for every node $v$ of $G$ (i.e., for every agent), we have $|S_v|\ge |C|\cdot(1-\ensuremath{\varepsilon})/(\delta_v+1)$, where $\delta_v$ is the degree of $v$ and where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of $G$. For $N=\Omega(\Delta^2\log\Delta)$, $\Omega(\Delta^2+\log\log N)$ colors are necessary even to assign at least one color to every node (i.e., to compute a standard vertex coloring). Using randomization, it is possible to assign an $(1-\ensuremath{\varepsilon})/(\delta+1)$-fraction of all colors to every node of degree $\delta$ using only $\ensuremath{\mathcal{O}}(\Delta\log|V|/\ensuremath{\varepsilon}^2)$ colors w.h. p. We show that this is asymptotically almost optimal. For graphs with maximum degree $\Delta=\Omega(\log|V|)$, $\Omega(\Delta\log|V|/\log\log|V|)$ colors are needed in expectation, even to compute a valid coloring. The described multicoloring problem has direct applications in the context of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. In order to coordinate the access to the shared wireless medium, the nodes of such a network need to employ some medium access control (MAC) protocol. Typical MAC protocols control the access to the shared channel by time (TDMA), frequency (FDMA), or code division multiple access (CDMA) schemes. Many channel access schemes assign a fixed set of time slots, frequencies, or (orthogonal) codes to the nodes of a network such that nodes that interfere with each other receive disjoint sets of time slots, frequencies, or code sets. Finding a valid assignment of time slots, frequencies, or codes hence directly corresponds to computing a multicoloring of a graph $G$. The scarcity of bandwidth, energy, and computing resources in ad hoc and sensor networks, as well as the often highly dynamic nature of these networks require that the multicoloring can be computed based on as little and as local information as possible.
Disinfection Techniques for Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, is hearty in the environment and resistant to commonly used disinfectants. Additionally, many species of Cryptosporidium are zoonotic. To prevent disease transmission and contamination of the water table, the proper disinfectant must be selected. This review will highlight the proper techniques needed to prevent the spread of disease in a cryptosporidiosis outbreak.
Ecoacoustics: A Quantitative Approach to Investigate the Ecological Role of Environmental Sounds

Ecoacoustics is a recent ecological discipline focusing on the ecological role of sounds. Sounds from the geophysical, biological, and anthropic environment represent important cues used by animals to navigate, communicate, and transform unknown environments in well-known habitats. Sounds are utilized to evaluate relevant ecological parameters adopted as proxies for biodiversity, environmental health, and human wellbeing assessment due to the availability of autonomous audio recorders and of quantitative metrics. Ecoacoustics is an important ecological tool to establish an innovative biosemiotic narrative to ensure a strategic connection between nature and humanity, to help in-situ field and remote-sensing surveys, and to develop long-term monitoring programs. Acoustic entropy, acoustic richness, acoustic dissimilarity index, acoustic complexity indices (ACItf and ACIft and their evenness), normalized difference soundscape index, ecoacoustic event detection and identification routine, and their fractal structure are some of the most popular indices successfully applied in ecoacoustics. Ecoacoustics offers great opportunities to investigate ecological complexity across a full range of operational scales (from individual species to landscapes), but requires an implementation of its foundations and of quantitative metrics to ameliorate its competency on physical, biological, and anthropic sonic contexts.
Evaluation of Ability of Dentifrices to Remineralize Artificial Caries-Like Lesions

Background: Human endeavors to prevent dental caries have led to the use of different modalities and agents, the most commonly used of which is fluoridated dentifrice. An in situ study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices in achieving remineralization of initial caries-like lesions using surface microhardness measurements and to study the qualitative changes by scan-ning electron microscopy. Methods: Sixteen children 12-16 years of age wore a specially fabricated appliance with an artificially demineralized enamel slab for 24 hours a day, for four weeks. The children were divided into two groups, A and B. Following one week use of placebo dentifrice by both groups, group A used a fluoride dentifrice containing l000 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate, whereas group B used a placebo twice daily for 5 minutes for 21 days. Surface microhardness test carried out using a Knoop diamond indenter followed by scanning electron microscopy to evaluate the lesions. The results were statistically analyzed using the student t test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average hardness recovery for the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fluoride significantly enhances remineralization of initial caries-like lesions. Conclusion : Regular use of fluoridated dentifrices significantly enhances remineralization of white spot lesions.
All-Sky Analysis of the General Relativistic Galaxy Power Spectrum

We perform an all-sky analysis of the general relativistic galaxy power spectrum using the well-developed spherical Fourier decomposition. Spherical Fourier analysis expresses the observed galaxy fluctuation in terms of the spherical harmonics and spherical Bessel functions that are angular and radial eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz equation, providing a natural orthogonal basis for all-sky analysis of the large-scale mode measurements. Accounting for all the relativistic effects in galaxy clustering, we compute the spherical power spectrum and its covariance matrix and compare it to the standard three-dimensional power spectrum to establish a connection. The spherical power spectrum recovers the three-dimensional power spectrum at each wave number k with its angular dependence μk encoded in angular multipole l, and the contributions of the line-of-sight projection to galaxy clustering such as the gravitational lensing effect can be readily accommodated in the spherical Fourier analysis. A complete list of formulas for computing the relativistic spherical galaxy power spectrum is also presented.
Polytopes and the simplex method

Defining a polytope by affine inequalities and defining it as a convex hull are dual modes of specification. Thus we arrive immediately at the most basic computational problem concerned with convex polytopes— given a polytope specified in one of these ways, to find an explicit specification in the other. More specifically, if a polytope is specified as the intersection of a finite number of half-spaces fi(x) ≥ 0, how can one find its vertices and extremal rays? If a region is specified as the convex hull of a finite set of points, how can one find its vertices among this finite set? How can one find a finite number of half-spaces whose intersection is the polytope?
Atkinesin-13A Modulates Cell-Wall Synthesis and Cell Expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana via the THESEUS1 Pathway

Growth of plant organs relies on cell proliferation and expansion. While an increasingly detailed picture about the control of cell proliferation is emerging, our knowledge about the control of cell expansion remains more limited. We demonstrate here that the internal-motor kinesin AtKINESIN-13A (AtKIN13A) limits cell expansion and cell size in Arabidopsis thaliana, with loss-of-function atkin13a mutants forming larger petals with larger cells. The homolog, AtKINESIN-13B, also affects cell expansion and double mutants display growth, gametophytic and early embryonic defects, indicating a redundant role of the two genes. AtKIN13A is known to depolymerize microtubules and influence Golgi motility and distribution. Consistent with this function, AtKIN13A interacts genetically with ANGUSTIFOLIA, encoding a regulator of Golgi dynamics. Reduced AtKIN13A activity alters cell wall structure as assessed by Fourier-transformed infrared-spectroscopy and triggers signalling via the THESEUS1-dependent cell-wall integrity pathway, which in turn promotes the excess cell expansion in the atkin13a mutant. Thus, our results indicate that the intracellular activity of AtKIN13A regulates cell expansion and wall architecture via THESEUS1, providing a compelling case of interplay between cell wall integrity sensing and expansion.
Anti-V3 Monoclonal Antibodies Display Broad Neutralizing Activities against Multiple HIV-1 Subtypes

Background The V3 loop of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein gp120 was identified as the “principal neutralizing domain” of HIV-1, but has been considered too variable to serve as a neutralizing antibody (Ab) target. Structural and immunochemical data suggest, however, that V3 contains conserved elements which explain its role in binding to virus co-receptors despite its sequence variability. Despite this evidence of V3 conservation, the ability of anti-V3 Abs to neutralize a significant proportion of HIV-1 isolates from different subtypes (clades) has remained controversial. Methods HIV-1 neutralization experiments were conducted in two independent laboratories to test human anti-V3 monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against pseudoviruses (psVs) expressing Envs of diverse HIV-1 subtypes from subjects with acute and chronic infections. Neutralization was defined by 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50), and was statistically assessed based on the area under the neutralization titration curves (AUC). Results Using AUC analyses, statistically significant neutralization was observed by ≥1 anti-V3 mAbs against 56/98 (57%) psVs expressing Envs of diverse subtypes, including subtypes A, AG, B, C and D. Even when the 10 Tier 1 psVs tested were excluded from the analysis, significant neutralization was detected by ≥1 anti-V3 mAbs against 46/88 (52%) psVs from diverse HIV-1 subtypes. Furthermore, 9/24 (37.5%) Tier 2 viruses from the clade B and C standard reference panels were neutralized by ≥1 anti-V3 mAbs. Each anti-V3 mAb tested was able to neutralize 28–42% of the psVs tested. By IC50 criteria, 40/98 (41%) psVs were neutralized by ≥1 anti-V3 mAbs. Conclusions Using standard and new statistical methods of data analysis, 6/7 anti-V3 human mAbs displayed cross-clade neutralizing activity and revealed that a significant proportion of viruses can be neutralized by anti-V3 Abs. The new statistical method for analysis of neutralization data provides many advantages to previously used analyses.
Network Topologies , Power Laws , and Hierarchy Sigcomm Submission

It has long been thought that the Internet, and its constitue nt n tworks, arehierarchicalin nature. Consequently, the network topology generators most widely used b y the Internet research community, GT-ITM [7] and Tiers [11], create networks with a deliberately hierarc hical structure. However, recent work by Faloutsos et al. [13] revealed that the Internet’s degree distribution — the distribution of the number of connections routers or Autonomous Systems (ASs) have — is a power-law. Th e degree distributions produced by the GT-ITM and Tiers generators are not power-laws. To rectify this problem, several new network generators hav e recently been proposed that produce more realistic degree distributions; these new generators do no t attempt to create a hierarchical structure but instead focus solely on the degree distribution. There are thu s two families of network generators, tructural generators that treat hierarchy as fundamental and degree-basedgenerators that treat the degree distribution as fundamental. In this paper we use several topology metrics to compare the n etworks produced by these two families of generators to current measurements of the Internet graph. W e find that the degree-based generators produce better models, at least according to our topology metrics, o f both the AS-level and router-level Internet graphs. We then seek to resolve the seeming paradox that while the Int ernet certainly has hierarchy, it appears that the Internet graphs are better modeled by generators that do not explicitly construct hierarchies. We conclude our paper with a brief study of other network structures, suc h as the pointer structure in the web and the set of airline routes, some of which turn out to have metric prope rties similar to that of the Internet.
InAs quantum-well MOSFET (Lg = 100 nm) with record high gm, fT and fmax

This paper reports InAs quantum-well (QW) MOSFETs with record transconductance (g<sub>m,max</sub> = 1.73 mS/μm) and high-frequency performance (f<sub>T</sub> = 245 GHz and f<sub>max</sub> = 355 GHz) at L<sub>g</sub> = 100 nm. This record performance is achieved by using a low D<sub>it</sub> composite Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/InP gate stack, optimized layer design and a high mobility InAs channel. This work is significant because it shows a possible III-V material pathway from In<sub>1-x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>As to InAs with similar processing and generalized characterization, including D<sub>it</sub>.
Physician Organization in Relation to Quality and Efficiency of Care: A Synthesis of Recent Literature

Health care providers, researchers, policymakers, and the public have a growing recognition that today’s health care delivery system is not organized to take advantage of the many drivers of quality and efficiency, and that the system suffers from underuse, overuse, and misuse of care. Many experts believe that greater (and different) delivery system organization is fundamental to improved quality and efficiency. This report summarizes and presents a framework for understanding recent research literature linking delivery system organizational attributes with health care efficiency and quality. The focus is on physician groups, as physicians represent the core of any organized delivery system. The report also highlights areas for further research and refinement of the framework and discusses whether and how policymakers can promote specific physician group attributes as a means of improving value. Support for this research was provided by The Commonwealth Fund. The views presented here are those of the author and not necessarily those of The Commonwealth Fund or its directors, officers, or staff. This and other Fund publications are available online at www.commonwealthfund. org. To learn more about new publications when they become available, visit the Fund’s Web site and register to receive e-mail alerts. Commonwealth Fund pub. no. 1121.
Information Visualization of Attributed Relational Data

Traditional graph drawing is only concerned with viewing of abstract data and relations amount data items. It uses a graph model to present the data items and the relations and tries to geometrically convert the abstract graph into a 2D plane for visualization. There are many applications in this area, such as family trees, software design diagrams and web site-maps.The real world data that we want to visualize, however, is more complex than those that can be simply presented with traditional techniques, because it contains many domain-specific attributes.For example, in a web site-map (visualization) a simple graphical node can be used to represent a web page. However, this node is unable to represent some domain-specific attributes associated with the web page, such as the access frequency and the connectivity of the page in the web locality.This paper introduces a new model for Attributed Information Visualization that can be used to visualize the relational data with many associated attributes. We split the visualization model into two mappings between the abstract data and physical pictures, Geometric Mapping and Graphical Mapping.
The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party With 41 Illustrations 123

Most normal-hearing listeners can understand a conversational partner in an everyday setting with an ease that is unmatched by any computational algorithm available today. This ability to reliably extract meaning from a sound source in a mixture of competing sources relies on the fact that natural, meaningful sounds have structure in both time and frequency. Such structure supports two processes that enable humans and animals to solve the cocktail party problem: auditory object formation and auditory object selection. These processes, which are closely intertwined and difficult to isolate, are linked to previous work on auditory scene analysis and auditory attention, respectively. This chapter considers how the brain may implement object formation and object selection. Specifically, the chapter focuses on how different regions of the brain cooperate to isolate the neural representation of sound coming from a source of interest and enhance it while suppressing the responses to distracting or unimportant sounds in a sound mixture.
Context awareness using environmental noise classification

Context-awareness is essential to the development of adaptive information systems. Environmental noise can provide a rich source of information about the current context. We describe our approach for automatically sensing and recognising noise from typical environments of daily life, such as office, car and city street. In this paper we present our hidden Markov model based noise classifier. We describe the architecture of the system, compare classification results from the system with human listening tests, and discuss open issues in environmental noise classification for mobile computing.
Decision Sciences

Assistant Professors: S. Gawankar (Visiting), J. Hall (Visiting), J. Qi COURSES Explanation of Course Numbers • Courses in the 1000s are primarily introductory undergraduate courses • Those in the 2000s to 4000s are upper-level undergraduate courses that also may be taken for graduate credit with permission and additional work assigned • Those in the 6000s and 8000s are for master’s, doctoral, and professional-level students • The 6000s are open to advanced undergraduate students with approval of the instructor and the dean or advising office
Salivary Secretion Volume Related Ruminal Distension and Suppression of Dry Forage Intake in Large-type Goats

Two experiments under sham feeding conditions were conducted to determine whether or not ruminal distension brought about by feed boluses entering the rumen is a factor in the marked suppression of feed intake after 40 min of feeding. In experiment 1, a comparison was made between the intraruminal insertion of a water filled balloon (RIB) treatment and normal control (non-insertion of a balloon, NIB). In experiment 2, saliva lost due to sham feeding conditions was replenished via an intraruminal infusion of iso-osmotic artificial saliva. A comparison of dry forage intake was then conducted between the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-RIB) treatment, and the intraruminal replenishment of iso-osmotic artificial saliva and non-insertion of a balloon (RRIAS-NIB) control. In experiment 1, eating rates in the RIB treatment 30 min after the commencement of feeding tended to be lower than those in the NIB control. In comparison with the NIB control, cumulative dry forage intake in the RIB treatment was 29.7% less (p