Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF UNCONTROLLED MOTION BEHAVIOR IN HUMAN CROWDS

Analysis of crowd behavior using surveillance videos is an issue for public security. Crowd behavior can be analyzed using two approaches, first one is analyzing individuals behavior in a crowd which is termed as object based and the other one is analyzing the crowd as a whole which is termed as holistic based approach. Identifying and tracking the crowd motion is a major interesting research topic in vision analysis, crowd dynamics and visual surveillance fields. In order to develop the proposed work holistic approach is used. Crowd is the agglomeration of many people in the same area at same time. Music festivals, sports events, pilgrimage are the mass events. In such mass gatherings, the density of the people is more and this may often lead to crowd disasters. Due to this, people will die by suffocating high pressure on their chest. This system is developed to overcome such situations. The proposed system will help the security personnel to evaluate the situation to take necessary actions against the crowd disasters. The decision “if and how to” react solely based on the expert knowledge of the security personnel. The proposed system is based on the optical flow computations and detects the patterns in crowd motion that indicate the dangerous situations. Lucas – Kanade method is used to find the optical flow. Here two input videos are used to conduct the experiment. System will allow only authorized person to use it by entering the “Username and Password”. The videos consist of many numbers of frames and this system will extract those frames in the input video. After extracting the frames from the input video, it will divide each frame into sub parts for easy and efficient processing of video sequences and for the respective subpart optical flow vectors are calculated. Threshold optical flow values are chosen in such a way that the tracking of congested region in video is easily performed by comparing it with respective subpart’s estimated optical flow values. The system will automatically detect the congested area and also represent the result by plotting the graphs. The proposed system is developed using MATLAB tool. Here videos with . avi format are used as the input to the system. This system gives result for the videos taken from the top view and for the crowd with extreme density. This system preserves privacy of people being monitored at the mass event, since it does not detect and track individual people.
Variable Frequency Drives and Power Factor

Variable frequency drives are being used in many applications which were previously fixed speed induction motor applications. The predominant ones are centrifugal pumps and fans where substantial energy savings can be realized with adjustable speed operation. The power factor of variable frequency drives when applied to centrifugal pumps and fans is discussed. The power factor characteristics of the three most commonly used controllers¿variable voltage input (VVI), current source input (CSI), and pulsewidth modulated (PWM)¿will be reviewed in detail. Also application guidelines on selection and installation of power factor correction capacitors will be reviewed.
Retention Strategies in France and Sweden

Knowing how to retain employees, especially those who are well educated, experienced and contribute to company’s competitive advantage, is important. However, with an increasing number of companies operating with subsidiaries outside the home country, retention also needs to be viewed from a cultural perspective. In this theoretical article, focus is on the interrelatedness between retention strategies and national culture in two countries with different cultures: France and Sweden. The GLOBE study framework is used, and national culture is measured in terms of Future Orientation, Assertiveness, Institutional Collectivism, Power Distance, Humane Orientation and Uncertainty Avoidance. Retention is measured as Remuneration, Career Opportunities, Training and Development of Skills, Leadership Style, Physical Working Conditions and Work–Life Balance. As a result of the study, seven hypotheses, aiming to test the interrelatedness between the areas of retention and national culture in France and Sweden, are proposed.
Supranationalization through Socialization in the Council of the European Union

It is an academic truism that enlargement affected the functioning of the European Union and its institutions, and that effects of enlargement are especially noticeable in the Council and its sub-structures. Many researchers expected procedures in the Council to become more intergovernmental and decision-making to become more complicated. However, enlargement also contributed to institutional change in the Committee of Permanent Representatives in quite another—unexpected—way: it strengthened the influence of supranational and “quasi-supranational” actors within the Council, such as the Commission, the Presidency and the General Secretariat, and it made decision-making considerably easier in cases where profound national interests of the newcomers were not directly concerned. Four institutional mechanisms can be identified that contributed to this unexpected institutional evolution: The mechanism of socialization, the mechanism of specific and unspecific reciprocity, the mechanism of lack of interest and the mechanism of presidential impartiality. These mechanisms helped to overcome the cleavage between old and new as well as to uphold the strong and often cited esprit de corps within the Council and its preparatory bodies. The paper analyzes these processes and tries to answer the question: how did these mechanisms contribute to a kind of supranationalization of the Council and its substructures after the last rounds of enlargement? The analysis is based on 51 semi-structured, intensive interviews with experts from the Council General Secretariat and from member states’ Permanent Representations.
Student Performance in the Pittsburgh Public Schools

The RAND unrestricted draft series is intended to transmit preliminary results of RAND research. Unrestricted drafts have not been formally reviewed or edited. The views and conclusions expressed are tentative. A draft should not be cited or quoted without permission of the author, unless the preface grants such permission. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND's publications and drafts do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. a private, not-for-profit research and analysis organization, to provide technical assistance to the Commission to understand issues related to student performance in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. The following discussion is based on RAND's findings, previously reported to the Commission, regarding student outcomes in Pittsburgh, the operational characteristics of high-performing school districts, and the academic operations of the Pittsburgh Public Schools. The research was conducted by RAND Education, the division within RAND that seeks to bring accurate data and objective analysis to the national debate on education policy. Although this report is part of RAND's unrestricted draft series, and as such has not been formally edited, it is intended to be available to the citizens of Pittsburgh and therefore may be cited and quoted. Acknowledgements Our first thanks go to the teachers, principals, and staff of the Pittsburgh Public Schools, who opened their schools to us, provided essential data, and spoke frankly of their experiences, needs, and concerns. We also owe thanks to the members of the Mayor's Commission on Public Education and to Eloise Hirsh, Dina Vargo, and Judith Hall of the Commission staff for inviting us to participate in the Commission's study and for working closely with us every step of the way. Finally, this project involved a variety of RAND staff in gathering and analyzing data on student performance and the operation of the Pittsburgh Public Schools. We could not have completed this report without the assistance and advice of Louay Constant, Summary Substantial numbers of Pittsburgh's students are failing to achieve at levels that will prepare them for success in higher education and the job market. Despite recent improvements in test scores, over half of the students in the Pittsburgh Public Schools do not achieve proficiency in reading and math, as measured by the standards set by the state of Pennsylvania. One-fourth of ninth-graders fail to graduate from high school. And the statistics are substantially worse for …
A MDA based SoC Modeling Approach using UML and SystemC

Modeling is an efficient way to improve SoC design efficiency. In this paper, a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) based approach is proposed to combine the capability of newly released Unified Modeling Language 2.0 (UML) with SystemC, extending UML to express SystemC concept while maintaining the mappings between them. This approach will consequently promote stepwise semiautomatic conversion from UML specification to executable SystemC code. We intend to build a smooth SoC design flow in which implementation can be derived from specification directly. The proposed design flow will make use of the graphical modeling capability of UML, and produce SystemC code for further analysis.
The Artificial Immune System for Network Intrusion Detection : An Investigation of Clonal Selection with a Negative Selection Operator

This paper explores the use of an artificial immune system (AIS) for network intrusion detection. As one significant component for a complete AIS, static clonal selection with a negative selection operator is developed and the system is described in detail. Two important factors, the detector sample size and the antigen sample size, are investigated in order to generate an appropriate mixture of general and specific detectors for learning non-self antigen patterns. By investigating the results of series of experiments, this paper suggests how to choose appropriate detector and antigen sample sizes. These ideal sizes allow the AIS to achieve a good non-self antigen detection rate with a very low rate of self antigen detection. Furthermore, this paper concludes that the embedded negative selection operator plays an important role in the AIS by helping it to maintain a low false positive detection rate.
Back to the Future Once More

I began this chapter attempting to duly credit each contributor appropriately. It soon became clear that either the chapter would degenerate to an encyclopedia of credits, or that it would be full of unfair omissions. I have chosen instead to take the point of view that I write for the entire Squeak community that has worked tirelessly and selflessly to make Squeak what it is. “We” did this together, and so it will be reported here. Most of the important contributions are credited elsewhere.
Professionalising Teaching Practice in Higher Education: A study of disciplinary variation and 'teaching-scholarship'

There has been extensive research in the last few years on adapting teaching to differences among learners, on the social and institutional context of teaching in higher education and, more recently, on the theory and methods of research on teaching. Less attention has been paid to how academics from different discipline areas actually prefer to engage in teaching-scholarship. The terms 'teaching-scholarship' and the 'scholarship of teaching' are used interchangeably in this article to include both ongoing learning about teaching and the demonstration of teaching knowledge. Most studies in this regard have been normative or descriptive. The 'professionalisation' of teaching practice in higher education is becoming more important as universities try to respond to an increasingly diverse and discerning student population, issues relating to standards and quality, growing international competition, and generally 'doing more with less'. This study sought to inquire into the relationship between a number of factors that characterise academics working in higher education and their approaches to the scholarship of teaching. Findings from this exploratory study suggest that discipline and teaching conceptualisation have the strongest influence on teaching scholarship, while qualifications and years of teaching have a moderate impact, and gender and post do not appear to play a significant part. General strategies in support of teaching scholarship that emerge from the study and the literature relate to the importance of educational and organisational development. Future investigations might examine institutional ethos, work distribution and climate factors and their relationship to promoting teaching scholarship in different types of higher education institutions.
Overcoming the challenges of designing CMOS Software Defined Radio Receivers front-ends embedding analog signal conditioning

Today's mobile terminals are real multiple media platforms compatible to a rather large number of wireless standards. The ideal candidate for such a mobile terminal radio receiver front-end is the Software Defined Radio Receiver (SDRR). The main challenge the designer must overcome is the SDRR circuit level design optimization, while considering the large amount of information comprised in the envisaged wireless standards. By driving the SDRR design through an initial system level analysis, based on a standard independent systematic methodology, the useful information is structured. Thus, a SDRR design recipe is developed based on the circuit / transistor level designer perspective.
Combining Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Subset Feature Selection Technique For Class Imbalance Problem

Building an effective classification model when the high dimensional data is suffering from class imbalance problem is a major challenge. The problem is severe when negative samples have large percentages than positive samples. To surmount the class imbalance and high dimensionality issues in the dataset, we propose a SFS framework that comprises of SMOTE filters, which are used for balancing the datasets, as well as feature ranker for pre-processing of data. The framework is developed using R language and various R packages. Then the performance of SFS framework is evaluated and found that proposed framework outperforms than other state-of-the-art methods.
A module of the public safety information management system based on streaming data

This paper describes the management of the public safety information, a module is proposed to the public safety information management system which can be applied to multi-relational streaming data circumstances. The process of the multi-relational streaming data in the system model has been introduced in details. Finally, the paper discusses both the data synopsis method of the multi-relational streaming data circumstances and the multi-relational streaming data mining algorithm.
The Battle for Employment Guarantee

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) is a unique initiative in the history of social security-it is not just an employment scheme but also a potential tool of economic and social change in rural areas. This volume presents the first comprehensive account of the 'battle for employment guarantee' in rural India. Staying clear of the propaganda and mud-slinging that has characterized much of the NREGA debate so far, the book presents an informed and authentic picture of the ground realities. The essays are based on field studies of NREGA by a team of researchers who have been actively involved in the campaign for the right to work. They examine a wide-range of issues such as entitlements, corruption, people's perceptions of NREGA, women's empowerment, mobilization of unorganized workers, and socio-economic impact of NREGA. They also provide a comparative analysis of the challenges and successes in the implementation of NREGA in different states including Orissa, Himachal Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
Safety assessment of Chinese RVSM airspace with Multi- agent based simulation

RVSM (reduced vertical minimum separation) means reducing vertical minimum separation from 2000 feet to 1000 feet between FL290 (flight level) and FL410 (inclusive). However, it must be sure that it is safe to implement RVSM. The internationally accepted collision risk model-Reich model with a target level of safety is used to determine whether it is safe or not to implement RVSM. RVSM airspace includes discrete-event model and continuous-time model, while both the discrete-event model and continuous-time model are unable to simulate the airspace system accurately, Multi-agent based simulation can merge different types of simulation models into a combined simulation model. Therefore, this paper used multi-agent based simulation to establish several agent models and an environment model of Chinese RVSM airspace firstly, then through adopting the proper timing mechanisms, safety of Chinese RVSM airspace was estimated based on the internationally accepted collision risk model.
EMIS: building an extended mobile interface space using projection-based mobile phone

These days, the mobile phone has been developed as a smart device which has various applications and services. However, most interfaces are manipulated on a small display panel and that imposes restrictions on the natural interface. For example, detailed touch is required for users to select a specific region, and that can be solved by making a large screen. However, larger screen reduces mobility which is the important characteristic of mobile device.
Finite Substitutions and Integer Weighted Finite Automata

In this work we present a new chain of undecidability reductions, which begins from the classical halting problem of Turing machines and ends to the undecidability proof of the equivalence problem for finite substitutions on regular languages in Chapter 4. This undecidability result was originally proved by L. Lisovik in 1997. We present a new proof, which is shorter and more elementary than the original one. Our proof uses the undecidability of the universe problem for the integer weighted finite automata. An integer weighted finite automaton is a finite automaton, which has integer weights on its edges. This automaton accepts an input word, if there exists a path reading the word such that the sum of the weights of the used edges is zero. In the universe problem we ask whether a given integer weighted finite automaton accepts all its input words. This problem is proved undecidable in Chapter 3. The proof uses the undecidability of a certain modification of the Post Correspondence Problem, proved in Chapter 2. We also compare integer weighted finite automata to some other counter automata and consider the closure properties of the languages accepted by the integer weighted finite automata. Further, we also compare Lisovik''s original chain of undecidability reduction to the one presented in this work.
MATCH for the Prosumer Smart Grid The Algorithmics of Real-Time Power Balance

Prosumers or proactive consumers are steadily on the rise in emerging Smart Grid systems. These consumers, apart from their traditonal role of using energy from the grid, also are actively involved in individually transferring stored energy from renewable sources such as wind and solar, to the grid. The large-scale integration of renewable generation in the emerging grid will re-define ways of meeting consumer energy demands, and more importantly drive greener and cost-effective utility operations. In this paper, we investigate the problem of matching consumer demand with the grid supply in real-time, and in the presence of renewables. We formulate this problem as a stochastic optimization problem and propose MATCH, a fast distributed real-time algorithm that accounts for the uncertainties in (i) renewable generation, (ii) the latter's transmission through the grid network, (iii) loads, and (iv) energy prices, and balances power in the Smart Grid at all times. MATCH is based on the Lyapunov stochastic optimization framework and scales to localities with a large number of networked renewable generation sources. We validate the efficacy of MATCH through experiments conducted using data modelled on proprietary data obtained from two public utilities. As part of the main results of this work, we show that (a) MATCH outputs unique approximate-optimal grid parameter configuration vectors in real-time that ensure perennial supplydemand balance in the grid at a minimum cost, and (b) mesh transmission network topologies lead to better MATCH outputs when compared to other existing transmission network topologies.
The value of interdisciplinary research: lessons from the 2017 Nobel Prize in chronobiology

Since 1901, the nobel Prize has been awarded to scientists who have made the most important discoveries for the benefit of humanity. The 2017 nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Jeffrey C. hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm. ” It may be surprising to learn that those three scientists dedicated their entire careers to research on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster . however, as their studies progressed, it became increasingly clear that the mechanism of the biological clock that they discovered in Drosophila is very similar to a timekeeping mechanism present in mammals, including humans. Through interdisciplinary work between scientists performing basic research on model organisms and doctors working in medical schools, we have learned over time that daily rhythms support human health while disruption of these rhythms is associated with a range of pathological disorders such as cardiovascular problems, metabolic, neurological, and many other diseases. This short review will highlight critical milestones on the way to understanding biological clocks, focusing on the roles played by the three nobel Prize winners.