Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fast and Precise Indoor Localization Algorithm Based on an Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine †

Nowadays, developing indoor positioning systems (IPSs) has become an attractive research topic due to the increasing demands on location-based service (LBS) in indoor environments. WiFi technology has been studied and explored to provide indoor positioning service for years in view of the wide deployment and availability of existing WiFi infrastructures in indoor environments. A large body of WiFi-based IPSs adopt fingerprinting approaches for localization. However, these IPSs suffer from two major problems: the intensive costs of manpower and time for offline site survey and the inflexibility to environmental dynamics. In this paper, we propose an indoor localization algorithm based on an online sequential extreme learning machine (OS-ELM) to address the above problems accordingly. The fast learning speed of OS-ELM can reduce the time and manpower costs for the offline site survey. Meanwhile, its online sequential learning ability enables the proposed localization algorithm to adapt in a timely manner to environmental dynamics. Experiments under specific environmental changes, such as variations of occupancy distribution and events of opening or closing of doors, are conducted to evaluate the performance of OS-ELM. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed localization algorithm can provide higher localization accuracy than traditional approaches, due to its fast adaptation to various environmental dynamics.
Talent in the taxi: a model system for exploring expertise

While there is widespread interest in and admiration of individuals with exceptional talents, surprisingly little is known about the cognitive and neural mechanisms underpinning talent, and indeed how talent relates to expertise. Because many talents are first identified and nurtured in childhood, it can be difficult to determine whether talent is innate, can be acquired through extensive practice or can only be acquired in the presence of the developing brain. We sought to address some of these issues by studying healthy adults who acquired expertise in adulthood. We focused on the domain of memory and used licensed London taxi drivers as a model system. Taxi drivers have to learn the layout of 25 000 streets in London and the locations of thousands of places of interest, and pass stringent examinations in order to obtain an operating licence. Using neuropsychological assessment and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we addressed a range of key questions: in the context of a fully developed brain and an average IQ, can people acquire expertise to an exceptional level; what are the neural signatures, both structural and functional, associated with the use of expertise; does expertise change the brain compared with unskilled control participants; does it confer any cognitive advantages, and similarly, does it come at a cost to other functions? By studying retired taxi drivers, we also consider what happens to their brains and behaviour when experts stop using their skill. Finally, we discuss how the expertise of taxi drivers might relate to the issue of talent and innate abilities. We suggest that exploring talent and expertise in this manner could have implications for education, rehabilitation of patients with cognitive impairments, understanding individual differences and possibly conditions such as autism where exceptional abilities can be a feature.
An uncalibrated 2MHz, 6mW, 63.5dB SNDR discrete-time input VCO-based ΔΣ ADC

A 63.5dB, 2MHz bandwidth ΔΣ ADC using two ICOs pseudo-differentially as an integrator/quantizer and a combined front-end switched-capacitor V-I converter and feedback DAC in 0. 18μm without performance-enhancing calibration is presented. A novel high-linearity, temperature-independent, and voltage-independent ring oscillator architecture provides a high resolution quantizer output, and a digital ΔΣ loop truncates this for a 17-level feedback DAC. The custom portion of the design consumes 6.08mW of analog power from a 1.8V supply and occupies 0.152mm2.
Image‐based Shaving

Many categories of objects, such as human faces, can be naturally viewed as a composition of several different layers. For example, a bearded face with glasses can be decomposed into three layers: a layer for glasses, a layer for the beard and a layer for other permanent facial features. While modeling such a face with a linear subspace model could be very difficult, layer separation allows for easy modeling and modification of some certain structures while leaving others unchanged. In this paper, we present a method for automatic layer extraction and its applications to face synthesis and editing. Layers are automatically extracted by utilizing the differences between subspaces and modeled separately. We show that our method can be used for tasks such beard removal (virtual shaving), beard synthesis, and beard transfer, among others.
Novel foot-and-mouth disease virus in Korea, July-August 2014

Despite nation-wide immunization with O, A, and Asia 1 type vaccines in Republic of Korea, foot-and-mouth disease type O occurred again in July 2014 after three years and three months. This virus was a Mya-98 strain of the Southeast Asian topotype and was most similar to the identified type that circulated in East Asia in 2014. This was new virus with the deletion of 23 amino acids in 3A/3B1 region and low pathogenic property.
The Role of Buoy and Argo Observations in Two SST Analyses in the Global and Tropical Pacific Oceans

The relative roles of buoy and Argo observations in two sea surface temperature (SST) analyses are studied in the global ocean and tropical Pacific Ocean over 2000–16 using monthly Extended Reconstructed SST version 5 (ERSSTv5) and Daily Optimum Interpolation SST version 2 (DOISST). Experiments show an overall higher impact by buoys than Argo floats over the global oceans and an increasing impact by Argo floats. The impact by Argo floats is generally larger in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. The impact on trends and anomalies of globally averaged SST by either one is small when the other is used. The warming trend over 2000–16 remains significant by including either buoys or Argo floats or both. In the tropical Pacific, the impact by buoys was large over 2000–05 when the number of Argo floats was low, and became smaller over 2010–16 when the number and area coverage of Argo floats increased. The magnitude of El Niño and La Niña events decreases when the observations from buoys, Argo floats, or both are excluded. The impact by the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) and Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) is small in normal years and during El Niño events. The impact by TAO/TRITON buoys on La Niña events is small when Argo floats are included in the analysis systems, and large when Argo floats are not included. The reason for the different impact on El Niño and La Niña events is that the drifting buoys are more dispersed from the equatorial Pacific region by stronger trade winds during La Niña events.
MycoCosm portal: gearing up for 1000 fungal genomes

MycoCosm is a fungal genomics portal (http://jgi.doe.gov/fungi), developed by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute to support integration, analysis and dissemination of fungal genome sequences and other ‘omics’ data by providing interactive web-based tools. MycoCosm also promotes and facilitates user community participation through the nomination of new species of fungi for sequencing, and the annotation and analysis of resulting data. By efficiently filling gaps in the Fungal Tree of Life, MycoCosm will help address important problems associated with energy and the environment, taking advantage of growing fungal genomics resources.
SOFT LATTICES ( IDEALS , FILTERS ) RELATED TO FUZZY POINT

Inspired by the study of algebraic structures of soft sets, our aim in this paper is to initiate research on the connection between soft sets and lattices. We apply the notion of soft sets to lattices. Some related notions are defined and several basic properties are discussed by using the soft set theory. Furthermore, the concept of ∈-soft set, q-soft set and qk-soft set is introduced and some interesting properties are investigated. Using the notion of “belongingness” and “quasicoincidence” of fuzzy points and fuzzy sets, characterizations for an ∈-soft set, q-soft set and qk-soft set to be a soft ideal(filter) are established.
Movie Recommendation on Web using Ontology and User Defined Tags

Internet provides great amount of heterogeneous information. Thousands of news articles and blogs post each day. Millions of movies, books, music tracks are becoming available on internet. But we really need and consume only few of them. To recommend to us something we may like, we need an intelligent Web Recommendation system. Recommendation Systems are limited by several problems, of which are sparsity, and the new user problem[1]. They also fail to make full use and harness the power of domain knowledge and semantic web ontology[1]. Use of Ontology with relations provides better interpretability of recommendation results. Diversity of standards, languages, protocols, and hardware components leads to important incompatibility issues when designing and developing multiplatform multimedia systems. Furthermore, user and community requirements and preferences should be taken into account when instantiating and configuring these kind of systems [11]. The goal of the proposed system is to develop a web recommendation system by using the concept of domain ontology and user provided tags. Introduction of user provided tags which acts as the labels or meta data are becoming very familiar and popular. In the proposed system tags and the concepts of domain ontology are processed using hybrid similarity to provide the results of recommendation. The system would benefit those users who have to scroll through pages of results to find relevant contents. The proposed measure based on hybrid similarity can be adopted effectively in this application of movie recommendation. General Terms Recommendation, weblog, sparsity. MS Word, web.
Hydrodynamic Facilitation of Gregarious Settlement of a Reef-Building Tube Worm

Experiments testing the effects of hydrodynamic processes and chemical cues on substrate selection were conducted with larvae of the marine tube worm Phragmatopoma lapidosa californica. In flume experiments, larvae were presented an array of sand treatments, including two substrates previously shown to induce metamorphosis in this species, under fast and slow flow regimes. Larvae preferentially metamorphosed on the inductive substrates in both flows. Delivery to the array was higher in fast flow because larvae tumbled along the bottom, whereas in slow flow, larvae were observed swimming in the water column. Thus, in addition to chemical cues, behavioral responses to flow conditions may play an important role in larval recruitment to the benthos.
Sources of Error in Mammalian Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are invaluable tools for dissection of biological phenomena. Optimization of such screens to enhance discovery of candidate genes and minimize false positives is thus a critical aim. Here, we report several sources of error common to pooled genetic screening techniques used in mammalian cell culture systems, and demonstrate methods to eliminate these errors. We find that reverse transcriptase-mediated recombination during retroviral replication can lead to uncoupling of molecular tags, such as DNA barcodes (BCs), from their associated library elements, leading to chimeric proviral genomes in which BCs are paired to incorrect ORFs, shRNAs, etc. This effect depends on the length of homologous sequence between unique elements, and can be minimized with careful vector design. Furthermore, we report that residual plasmid DNA from viral packaging procedures can contaminate transduced cells. These plasmids serve as additional copies of the PCR template during library amplification, resulting in substantial inaccuracies in measurement of initial reference populations for screen normalization. The overabundance of template in some samples causes an imbalance between PCR cycles of contaminated and uncontaminated samples, which results in a systematic artifactual depletion of GC-rich library elements. Elimination of contaminating plasmid DNA using the bacterial endonuclease Benzonase can restore faithful measurements of template abundance and minimize GC bias.
Lichnicolous macrofungi from Turkey and Iran

Thirty-two species of Aphyllophorales, consisting of polypores, stereoid Corticiaceae and Schizophyllaceae, are reported from Turkey and Iran. The most notable finds are Stereum gausapatum (Fr.) Fr. , S. insignitum Que! , Coltricia spathulata (Hook .) Murr. , Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond. & Borisov, Fistulina hepatica Fr. , Daedaleopsis confragosa (Fr.) J. Schroet. s.lat. , Lenzites warnieri Dur. & Mont. , Podofomes trogii (Fr.) Pouzar, Buglossoporus pulvinus (Pers.) Donk and Incrustoporia nivea (Jungh.) Ryv . The list contains several species evidently recorded for the first time from Turkey or Iran.
Dealing with Spurious Ambiguity in Learning ITG-based Word Alignment

Word alignment has an exponentially large search space, which often makes exact inference infeasible. Recent studies have shown that inversion transduction grammars are reasonable constraints for word alignment, and that the constrained space could be efficiently searched using synchronous parsing algorithms. However, spurious ambiguity may occur in synchronous parsing and cause problems in both search efficiency and accuracy. In this paper, we conduct a detailed study of the causes of spurious ambiguity and how it effects parsing and discriminative learning. We also propose a variant of the grammar which eliminates those ambiguities. Our grammar shows advantages over previous grammars in both synthetic and real-world experiments.
Signi fi cance of the Genetic Landscape of Pancreatic Cancer and Implications for Identi fi cation of Potential Long-term Survivors

Purpose: Genetic alterations of KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4 are the most frequent events in pancreatic cancer. We determined the extent to which these 4 alterations are coexistent in the same carcinoma, and their impact on patient outcome. Experimental Design: Pancreatic cancer patients who underwent an autopsy were studied (n 1⁄4 79). Matched primary and metastasis tissues were evaluated for intragenic mutations in KRAS, CDKN2A, and TP53 and immunolabeled for CDKN2A, TP53, and SMAD4 protein products. The number of altered driver genes in each carcinoma was correlated to clinicopathologic features. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to determinemedian disease free and overall survival, and aCox proportional hazardsmodel used to compare
Implementation of Imaging Compressive Sensing Algorithms on Mobile Handset Devices

Compressive Sensing (CS) is a remarkable framework that efficiently senses a signal taking a set of random projections from the underlying signal. Using the random projections, a CS reconstruction algorithm is then used to reconstruct the initial signal. Extensive efforts have been made in CS to determine the minimum number of required random projections and to design efficient optimization algorithms for correct signal reconstruction. In practice, the huge number of operations required for these reconstruction algorithms have restricted CS techniques to be implemented on high performance computational architectures, such as personal computers, servers, and Graphical Processing Units (GPU). This work determines the computational requirements to implement CS techniques on a limited memory mobile device. The results show the computational time and the energy consumption of two CS image reconstruction algorithms on a mobile device as a function of the size and sparsity of the underlying image. Results in the quality of the images recovered in smartphones show a Peak Signal to Noise Ratio of about 39 dB. Regarding the energy consumption, both greedy algorithms dissipated the same energy during the compression/reconstruction process.
Cerebral white matter lesions and cognitive function: The Rotterdam scan study

Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) have been associated with cognitive dysfunction. Whether periventricular or subcortical WMLs relate differently to cognitive function is still uncertain. In addition, it is unclear whether WMLs are related to specific cognitive domains such as memory or psychomotor speed. We examined the relationship between periventricular and subcortical WMLs and cognitive functioning in 1,077 elderly subjects randomly sampled from the general population. Quantification of WMLs was assessed by means of an extensive rating scale on 1.5‐T magnetic resonance imaging scans. Cognitive function was assessed by using multiple neuropsychological tests from which we constructed compound scores for psychomotor speed, memory performance, and global cognitive function. When analyzed separately, both periventricular and subcortical WMLs were related to all neuropsychological measures. When periventricular WMLs were analyzed conditional on subcortical WMLs and vice versa, the relationship between periventricular WMLs and global cognitive function remained unaltered whereas the relationship with subcortical WMLs disappeared. Subjects with most severe periventricular WMLs performed nearly 1 SD below average on tasks involving psychomotor speed, and more than 0.5 SD below average for global cognitive function. Tasks that involve speed of cognitive processes appear to be more affected by WMLs than memory tasks. Ann Neurol 2000;47:145–151.
NeuroMap: A Spline-Based Interactive Open-Source Software for Spatiotemporal Mapping of 2D and 3D MEA Data

A major characteristic of neural networks is the complexity of their organization at various spatial scales, from microscopic local circuits to macroscopic brain-scale areas. Understanding how neural information is processed thus entails the ability to study them at multiple scales simultaneously. This is made possible using microelectrodes array (MEA) technology. Indeed, high-density MEAs provide large-scale coverage (several square millimeters) of whole neural structures combined with microscopic resolution (about 50 μm) of unit activity. Yet, current options for spatiotemporal representation of MEA-collected data remain limited. Here we present NeuroMap, a new interactive Matlab-based software for spatiotemporal mapping of MEA data. NeuroMap uses thin plate spline interpolation, which provides several assets with respect to conventional mapping methods used currently. First, any MEA design can be considered, including 2D or 3D, regular or irregular, arrangements of electrodes. Second, spline interpolation allows the estimation of activity across the tissue with local extrema not necessarily at recording sites. Finally, this interpolation approach provides a straightforward analytical estimation of the spatial Laplacian for better current sources localization. In this software, coregistration of 2D MEA data on the anatomy of the neural tissue is made possible by fine matching of anatomical data with electrode positions using rigid-deformation-based correction of anatomical pictures. Overall, NeuroMap provides substantial material for detailed spatiotemporal analysis of MEA data. The package is distributed under GNU General Public License and available at http://sites.google. com/site/neuromapsoftware.
Path Planning in an Anisotropic Medium

Many of the optimal path finding problems studied to-date are restricted to a direction-independent metric. In this paper we discuss path planning in an anisotropic medium illustrated by the fastest-path problem where speed is direction-dependent. Such problems arise in vessel routing, robotics, and aircraft navigation, where the agent’s speed is affected by the direction of waves, winds or slope of the terrain. The difficulty of optimal-path finding in a direction-dependent medium comes from the fact that our travel-time function is asymmetric, and in general, violates the triangle inequality. We present an analytical form solution for the fastest-path finding problem in an obstacle-free domain without making any assumptions on the structure of the speed function. Subsequently, we merge these results with visibility graph search methods to develop an obstacle-avoiding fastest-path finding algorithm for a direction-dependent speed function. Our results provide computationally fast techniques for finding a closed form solution to a very large class of applied problems.
MicroRNA-mediated Systemic Down-regulation of Copper Protein Expression in Response to Low Copper Availability in Arabidopsis*

In plants, copper is an essential micronutrient required for photosynthesis. Two of the most abundant copper proteins, plastocyanin and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, are found in chloroplasts. Whereas plastocyanin is essential for photo-autotrophic growth, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase is dispensable and in plastids can be replaced by an iron superoxide dismutase when copper is limiting. The down-regulation of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase expression in response to low copper involves a microRNA, miR398. Interestingly, in Arabidopsis and other plants, three additional microRNA families, miR397, miR408, and miR857, are predicted to target the transcripts for the copper protein plantacyanin and members of the laccase copper protein family. We confirmed the predicted targets of miR397, miR408, and miR857 experimentally by cleavage site analysis. To study the spatial expression pattern of these microRNAs and the effect of copper on their expression, we analyzed Arabidopsis grown hydroponically on different copper regimes. On low amounts of copper the plants accumulated miR397, miR408, and miR857. The microRNA expression pattern was negatively correlated with the accumulation of transcripts for plantacyanin and laccases. Furthermore, the expression of other laccases that are not predicted targets for known microRNAs was similarly regulated in response to copper. For some of these laccases, the regulation was disrupted in a microRNA maturation mutant (hen1-1), suggesting the presence of other copper-regulated microRNAs. Thus, in Arabidopsis, microRNA-mediated down-regulation is a general mechanism to regulate nonessential copper proteins. We propose that this mechanism allows plants to save copper for the most essential functions during limited copper supply.
A Portable Photovoltaic Powerplant for Emergency Electrical Power Supply in Disaster Affected Areas

We propose a novel portable photo voltaic electric generator capable of tracking sunlight in all directions essential for disaster areas. Such occurrence often results in disruptions of public services especially power grids. The system prototype consists of a 10W solar panels capable of two axes motion of 120° horizontal and 360° azimuth driven by ATMega8535 micro controller. Two-axis movement is based on two types of sensors capable of 360° directional movements based on the HMC5883 compass sensor. This compass sensor panel is also configured to always directs towards the sun so that if the direction of the base plate was changed, it will automatically direct the panel to the direction of the sun; while 120° vertical movement based on three pieces of LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) as sun sensors. Thus the amount of light received and hence the power output are maximized.