Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Termination and Reduction Checking in the Logical Framework

The logical framework LF [HHP93] offers concise encodings of deductive systems and their meta-theory. Twelf [SP98] is a realization of LF. It provides a higher-order logic programming language for the implementation of deductive systems as well as a higher-order inductive theorem prover to automatically prove properties about these systems. The inductive theorem prover has been used successfully to prove several challenging theorems like cut-admissibility of intuitionistic logic and the Church-Rosser theorem. Under the proofs-asprograms paradigm the application of the induction hypothesis (IH) in a proof corresponds to the recursive call in a program. To check that the IH application is valid, we need to show that the induction hypothesis is smaller than the induction conclusion according to a well-founded order. This corresponds to proving that the arguments in the recursive call decrease according to a well-founded order, i.e., a program terminates. Twelf uses a termination checker based on structural ordering [RP96] to check termination of programs and to generate valid induction hypotheses according to a given order. We are interested in extending the power of the induction component to enable complete induction or so called course-of-value ind. Complete induction plays an important role in proofs about sequences of computation. These proofs follow by induction on the structure of the computation sequence. Often we do not only want to apply the induction hypothesis to immediate subsequences, but to all smaller subsequences. In general, we also want to be able to apply the induction hypothesis to the outcome of a previous IH application. This can be done by first showing that the computation sequence resulting from the IH application is smaller than the sequence we applied the IH to. Then we verify that each IH application itself is valid, i.e. the sequence we apply the IH to is smaller than the original sequence. To show that a subcomputation is smaller than the original sequence of computation we need to reason about orders relating subsequences. In this paper, we present a reduction and termination checker which reasons about orders. The reduction checker verifies properties relating input and out-
MixPad : Augmenting Interactive Paper with Mice & Keyboards for Bimanual , Cross-media and Fine-grained Interaction with Documents

Paper and Computers have complementary advantages and are used side by side in many scenarios. Interactive paper systems aim to combine the two media. However, most such systems only allow fingers and pens to interact with content on paper. This finger-pen-only input suffers from low precision, lag, instability and occlusion. Moreover, it incurs frequent device switch (e.g. pen vs. mouse) in users’ hand during cross-media interactions, yielding inefficiency and interruptions of a document workspace continuum. To address these limitations, we propose MixPad, a novel interactive paper system which incorporates mice and keyboards to enhance the conventional pen-finger-based paper interaction. Similar to many other systems, MixPad adopts a mobile camera-projector unit to recognize paper documents, detect pen and finger gestures and provide visual feedback. Unlike these systems, MixPad supports users to use mice and keyboards to select fine-grained content and create annotation on paper, and to facilitate bimanual operations for more efficient and smoother crossmedia interaction. This novel interaction style combines the advantages of mice, keyboards, pens and fingers, enabling richer digital functions on paper. Author
Peritoneal Cavity Is Dominated by IFNγ-Secreting CXCR3+ Th1 Cells

The chemokine receptor CXCR3, which was shown to take part in many inflammatory processes, is considered as a Th1 specific marker. Here, we show in a mouse model that CXCR3 expressing CD4+ cells preferentially migrate to the peritoneal cavity under steady-state conditions. The peritoneal cavity milieu leads to an up-regulated expression of CXCR3. However, blocking of known ligands of this chemokine receptor did not alter the preferential migration. The peritoneal cavity environment also results in an increased percentage of memory cells producing cytokines. Up-regulation of IFNγ production occurs mostly in CXCR3+ cells considered as Th1, whereas the up-regulation of IL-4 affects mostly in CXCR3− cells which are considered as Th2. We conclude that the peritoneal cavity does not change the Th-lineage of the cells, but that domination of this anatomic niche by Th1 cells rather results from preferential migration to this compartment.
IRIS - Image retrieval for images and videos

The large amount of available multimedia information (e.g. videos, audio, images) requires eecient and eeective annotation and retrieval methods. The System IRIS (Image Retrieval for Information Systems), which was developed at the University of Bremen in the AI group, is designed for content-based retrieval of single images. As videos become a more important role in the frame of multimedia, we want to make videos available for IRIS.The rst step is the detection and extraction of shots from a video using a histogram based method. The second step is to combine the images in a shot to a single image. This image describes the shot (Mosaicing-technique) and can be analyzed with IRIS. 1 The IRIS-System In order to retrieve images it is more sophisticated and usual for human beings to use natural language concepts, e.g. mountainlake, than syntactical features, e.g. red region left up. This leads to a content-based image retrieval. Furthermore, it is unreasonable for any human being to make the content description for thousands of images manually. IRIS combines methods and techniques from computer vision and Artiicial Intelligence to generate content descriptions of images in a textual form automatically. The text retrieval can be done by an ordinary text-retrieval system. We use the IBM 1 SearchManager for AIX 2. The system is implemented on IBM RS6000 3 operating under AIX. The two dominating goals of this system are an automatic processing of the images and a comfortable user interface with a query vocabulary to formulate higher order queries by using concepts. Therefore the IRIS-System is divided into two modules; one for the image analysis to build up the database and a second one for the retrieval.
Resting State Networks' Corticotopy: The Dual Intertwined Rings Architecture

How does the brain integrate multiple sources of information to support normal sensorimotor and cognitive functions? To investigate this question we present an overall brain architecture (called “the dual intertwined rings architecture”) that relates the functional specialization of cortical networks to their spatial distribution over the cerebral cortex (or “corticotopy”). Recent results suggest that the resting state networks (RSNs) are organized into two large families: 1) a sensorimotor family that includes visual, somatic, and auditory areas and 2) a large association family that comprises parietal, temporal, and frontal regions and also includes the default mode network. We used two large databases of resting state fMRI data, from which we extracted 32 robust RSNs. We estimated: (1) the RSN functional roles by using a projection of the results on task based networks (TBNs) as referenced in large databases of fMRI activation studies; and (2) relationship of the RSNs with the Brodmann Areas. In both classifications, the 32 RSNs are organized into a remarkable architecture of two intertwined rings per hemisphere and so four rings linked by homotopic connections. The first ring forms a continuous ensemble and includes visual, somatic, and auditory cortices, with interspersed bimodal cortices (auditory-visual, visual-somatic and auditory-somatic, abbreviated as VSA ring). The second ring integrates distant parietal, temporal and frontal regions (PTF ring) through a network of association fiber tracts which closes the ring anatomically and ensures a functional continuity within the ring. The PTF ring relates association cortices specialized in attention, language and working memory, to the networks involved in motivation and biological regulation and rhythms. This “dual intertwined architecture” suggests a dual integrative process: the VSA ring performs fast real-time multimodal integration of sensorimotor information whereas the PTF ring performs multi-temporal integration (i.e., relates past, present, and future representations at different temporal scales).
Target tracking using mean-shift and affine structure

In this paper, we present a new approach for tracking targets with their size and shape time-varying, based on a combination of mean-shift and affine structure. Although the well-known mean-shift colour-based tracking algorithm is an effective tracking tool, difficulties arise when it is applied to track a size-changing visual target due to the fixed kernel-bandwidth. To improve this, the present study employs a corner detector on the object candidate from mean-shift and reconstructs the target position and relative scale between frames using the affine structure available from two or three views. In comparison experiments against previous algorithms, the present model shows better tracking-consistency and good efficiency. Our algorithm is also demonstrated in a real-time implement controlling the pan-tilt-zoom parameters of an active camera. The results indicate the modelpsilas tracking capability in the presence of scale change and partial occlusions.
Tumor Suppressive Effects of Bromodomain-Containing Protein 7 (BRD7) in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma

Purpose: Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7), which is a subunit of SWI/SNF complex, has been recently suggested as a novel tumor suppressor in several cancers. In this study, we investigated the tumor suppressive effect of BRD7 in epithelial ovarian cancer. Experimental Design: We analyzed the expression of BRD7 in human ovarian tissues with real-time PCR. To investigate the functional role of BRD7, we transfected ovarian cancer cells (A2780 and SKOV3) with BRD7 plasmid and checked the cell viability, apoptosis, and invasion. The activities of BRD7 in the signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis were also tested. In addition, we used the orthotopic mouse model for ovarian cancer to evaluate tumor growth-inhibiting effect by administration of BRD7 plasmid. Results: The BRD7 expression was downregulated in the ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal (P < 0.05), high-grade serous cancer exhibited significantly decreased expression of BRD7 compared with low-grade (P < 0.01) serous cancer. Transfection of BRD7 plasmid to A2780 (p53-wild) or SKOV3 (p53-null) ovarian cancer cells showed the tumor suppressive effects assessed by cell viability, apoptosis, and invasion assay and especially significantly decreased tumor weight in orthotopic mouse model (A2780). Moreover, we found that tumor suppressive effects of BRD7 are independent to the presence of p53 activity in ovarian cancer cells. BRD7 negatively regulated β-catenin pathway, resulting in decreased its accumulation in the nucleus. Conclusions: These results suggested that BRD7 acts as a tumor suppressor in epithelial ovarian cancers independently of p53 activity, via negative regulation of β-catenin pathway. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 565–75. ©2013 AACR.
Setting the record straight on organizational ecology.

In July 1988 the American Journal of Sociology published a commentary on the authors study "Is Population Ecology a Useful Paradigm for the Study of Organizations? " The commentary confused numerous issues made no effort to address the motivations and goals and ignored the authors recent empirical work. In response five lines of research that have advanced the understanding of the ecology of organizations are discussed. The first line examines competition among interacting populations of organizations using variations on Lotka-Volterra (LV) models. Nielsen and Hannan (1977) and Carroll (1981) analyzed the expansion and connection of populations of educational organizations. Britain and Wholey (1988) analyzed interactions among subpopulations of semiconductor manufacturers. A second thrust considered the ecological implications of aging of organizations. Only organizational ecologists addressed the liability of newness using appropriate data and methods. Carroll and Delacroix (1982) found a liability of newness for newspapers in Argentina and Ireland during the 19th and 20th centuries and Carroll (1983) found a similar pattern in analyzing data on 56 populations as diverse as retail stores chemical manufacturers and saloons. Third ecological research considers the effects of environmental turbulence on rates of founding and mortality. Carroll and Delacroix (1982) and Delacroix and Carroll (1983) discovered that the founding rates and mortality rates of newspapers rise during periods of political turmoil and revolutions. Fourth the authors explored why one form of organization has not expanded to take on all or most of the activities of modern societies. The mainline view of organizational sociology that environmental variation always favors generalism was challenged. A fifth direction of research studies the effects of competition within and between populations on rates of founding and mortality. The authors study of national labor unions found the predicted nonmonotonic effect of density on rates of founding (Hannan and Freeman 1987) and mortality (Hannan and Freeman 1988).
It is Not the Length That Matters, It is How You Control It

The length of test cases is a little investigated topic in search-based test generation for object oriented software, where test cases are sequences of method calls. While intuitively longer tests can achieve higher overall code coverage, there is always the threat of bloat - a complex phenomenon in evolutionary computation, where the length abnormally grows over time. In this paper, we show that bloat indeed also occurs in the context of test generation for object oriented software. We present different techniques to overcome the problem of length bloat, and evaluate all possible combinations of these techniques using different search lengths. Experiments on a set of difficult search targets selected from several open source and industrial projects show that the important choice in search-based testing is not the length of test cases, but how to make sure that this length does not become bloated.
Cognitive Architectures and General Intelligent Systems

In this article, I claim that research on cognitive architectures is an important path to the development of general intelligent systems. I contrast this paradigm with other approaches to constructing such systems, and I review the theoretical commitments associated with a cognitive architecture. I illustrate these ideas using a particular architecture--ICARUS---by examining its claims about memories, about the representation and organization of knowledge, and about the performance and learning mechanisms that affect memory structures. I also consider the high-level programming language that embodies these commitments, drawing examples from the domain of in-city driving. In closing, I consider ICARUS'S relation to other cognitive architectures and discuss some open issues that deserve increased attention.
Probabilistic symbolic execution

The continued development of efficient automated decision procedures has spurred the resurgence of research on symbolic execution over the past decade. Researchers have applied symbolic execution to a wide range of software analysis problems including: checking programs against contract specifications, inferring bounds on worst-case execution performance, and generating path-adequate test suites for widely used library code. In this paper, we explore the adaptation of symbolic execution to perform a more quantitative type of reasoning --- the calculation of estimates of the probability of executing portions of a program. We present an extension of the widely used Symbolic PathFinder symbolic execution system that calculates path probabilities. We exploit state-of-the-art computational algebra techniques to count the number of solutions to path conditions, yielding exact results for path probabilities. To mitigate the cost of using these techniques, we present two optimizations, PC slicing and count memoization, that significantly reduce the cost of probabilistic symbolic execution. Finally, we present the results of an empirical evaluation applying our technique to challenging library container implementations and illustrate the benefits that adding probabilities to program analyses may offer.
Data items ordering scheme for multi channel data broadcasting in a mobile computing environment

Data broadcasting is a scalable mechanism for information dissemination in a mobile computing environment. However, a very large number of broadcast items increase the access time of mobile clients to obtain data item of interest. In this paper, we propose a novel broadcast ordering scheme, which aims to minimize query access time of mobile clients. The proposed scheme considers single and multiple data items request and involves data broadcasting over multiple wireless channels. Moreover, it incorporates a certain degree of replication so that the most frequently accessed data items will be broadcast more often. A simulation model is developed to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. We found that the scheme provides a substantially lower access time as compared to the conventional method.
The MediaEval 2011 Affect Task: Violent Scenes Detection in Hollywood movies

This paper provides a description of the MediaEval 2011 Affect Task: Violent Scenes Detection. This task derives directly from a Technicolor use case which aims at easing a user's selection process from a movie database. This task will therefore apply to movie content. We provide some insight into the Technicolor use case, before giving details on the task itself. Dataset, annotations, and evaluation criteria as well as the two required and optional runs are described.
Diseño, construcción y validación de una escala para medir la eficacia y beneficios de los programas de bienestar en el trabajo

La salud es importante para la ejecucion de cualquier tarea y actualmente muchos trabajadores pasan la mayor parte de sus dias sentados en un escritorio o en el interior de una oficina por causa de sus responsabilidades laborales, por lo cual, la implementacion de programas de salud en el lugar de trabajo se ha convertido en una pieza esencial para obtener un estilo de vida saludable para el empleado. Objetivo: diseno, construccion y validacion de una escala para medir la eficacia y beneficios de los programas de bienestar en el trabajo. Metodo: La escala fue sometida a un panel de jueces expertos, donde se obtuvo una validez de contenido de . 82. Asi mismo fue administrada a una muestra de 231 participantes, seleccionados por disponibilidad, de los cuales resulto un indice de confiabilidad de . 87. Resultados: el instrumento permite determinar si los programas de bienestar en el trabajo son eficaces en promover un estilo de vida saludable en los empleados y si las organizaciones impulsan una cultura de salud corporativa. Conclusiones: Los investigadores esperan que este instrumento pueda ser utilizado por otros investigadores y que sirva como una herramienta para las organizaciones para indagar sobre el estilo y calidad de vida del empleado, asi como los programas de bienestar del patrono.
An Assessment of hub-ports competitiveness and its impact on theMediterranean container market structure.

Globalisation and the development of the international transport network have increased the role of ports as nodes in the global logistics and supply chain systems. Meanwhile, seaports encounter great challenges, uncertainties and risks than ever before. The development of different markets has contributed to intensifying competition in the port industry (Haezendonck & Notteboom, 2002). The reform of liner shipping service networks as well as the increased bargaining power of the shipping lines, has contributed to the deterioration of existing ports and to the development of new ones which, in turn, causes change in market structure and port hierarchy. Container ports, in particular, have not only encountered competition from the large load centers in the same port range but also from the medium and small load centers having the same hinterland and, to some extent, from load centers in other port ranges. The hub-and-spoke system that has emerged in liner shipping operation patterns has increased pressure on the supply chain network around load centers. Thus, the concept of containerisation has enlarged the geographical coverage of seaports to the extent that the concept of a captive market is no longer valid. The aim of this paper is to assess the competitiveness level of hub-ports and to analyse the impact of inter-port competition on the Mediterranean container market structure. In doing so, the research is divided into five sections. The first section comprises a general introduction that includes research aims and the research plan. The second section reviews the literature related to port competition and the methodologies being used to assess ports’ competitiveness. The third section demonstrates the area of study, research problem and methodologies used to measure the impact of port competitiveness on the Mediterranean port market structure. The fourth section assesses the competitiveness of hub-ports in the Mediterranean container market. The last section introduces a comprehensive conclusion for the research outcomes.
Economic Returns to Schooling in Urban China , 1988-19991

This study provides the first set of estimates on schooling returns over a long time span in urban China. There has been a dramatic and consistent increase in returns to education in urban China. In 1988, the rate of return to education was only 4.7%. By 1999, it has risen to 11.5%. Most of the rise in returns to education occurred after 1992 and reflected in the wage premium for college (or above) educated workers. The rise is consistently observed across gender, experience groups, regions, ownership forms, and is robust to adding other control variables. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Direct Grant), Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (N_CUHK417/01), National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Visiting Research Fellowship awarded to Yaohui Zhao by the World Bank. Xiaoqing Song and Ching-yi Kung provided excellent research assistance. 1
Don’t Name Them, Don’t Show Them, But Report Everything Else: A Pragmatic Proposal for Denying Mass Killers the Attention They Seek and Deterring Future Offenders

Prior research has shown that many mass shooters have explicitly admitted they want fame and have directly reached out to media organizations to get it. These fame-seeking offenders are particularly dangerous because they kill and wound significantly more victims than other active shooters, they often compete for attention by attempting to maximize victim fatalities, and they can inspire contagion and copycat effects. However, if the media changes how they cover mass shooters, they may be able to deny many offenders the attention they seek and deter some future perpetrators from attacking. We propose that media organizations should no longer publish the names or photos of mass shooters (except during ongoing searches for escaped suspects), but report everything else about these crimes in as much detail as desired. In this article, we (1) review the consequences of media coverage of mass shooters, (2) outline our proposal, (3) show that its implementation is realistic and has precedent, (4) discuss anticipated challenges, and (5) recommend future steps for consensus building and implementation.