Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In a small multideterminant peptide, each determinant is recognized by a different V beta gene segment

Given the vast potential for diversification of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and the fact that V(a) beta mice exist in the wild, it would have been predicted that in spite of the absence of 10 TCR V beta gene segments, V(a) beta mice would still have been able to produce an antigen-specific T cell response to all determinants. We have recently shown that Vb beta mice, with a wild-type TCR V beta repertoire, respond to peptide 110-121 of sperm whale myoglobin, with a majority of T cells expressing TCR V beta 8.2 and restricted to a hybrid I-A(d)/I- E(d) major histocompatibility complex molecule, and a smaller number of T cells expressing TCR V beta 8.1 and restricted to the I-A(d) molecule. However, V(a) beta mice, lacking members of the TCR V beta 8 gene family, responded only with I-A(d)-restricted T cells. Thus, it appeared that the I-A(d)-restricted response was less constrained, or more plastic. We now show that the two separate panels of I-A(d)- restricted T cell hybrids derived from V(a) beta or Vb beta mice in fact recognize distinct determinants within the same peptide 110-121. The determinant recognized by V(a) beta T cells is NH2 terminal (core: 110-118) with an absolute requirement for the residue Ala-110 for a successful interaction with TCRs. On the other hand, Vb beta T cells recognize the COOH-terminal region (core: 112-118) on the same peptide with an absolute requirement for COOH-terminal residue 118. In the dominance hierarchy displayed by the three distinct determinants of peptide 110-121, V(a) beta mice cannot recognize the two most dominant: the hybrid I-A(d)/I-E(d)-restricted determinant and the COOH-terminal, I-A(d)-restricted determinant. They instead respond with T cells specific for a third, distinctly NH2-terminal determinant. Our results show a strict association between recognition of a particular specificity and TCR V beta usage. This evidence suggests that even when a small peptide induces a heterogenous group of TCR V beta S, this need not be considered evidence for plasticity. Rather, at the level of individual determinants within the peptide, the results can point in the opposite direction, towards serious constraints in recognition at the level of V beta expression.
Baroreflex Control of Sodium Excretion and Arterial Pressure Baroreceptors , baroreceptor unloading , and the long-term control of blood pressure

Thrasher, Terry N. Baroreceptors, baroreceptor unloading, and the long-term control of blood pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R819– R827, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00813. 2004. —Whether arterial baroreceptors play a role in setting the long-term level of mean arterial pressure (MAP) has been debated for more than 75 years. Because baroreceptor input is reciprocally related to efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), it is obvious that baroreceptor unloading would cause an increase in MAP. Experimental proof of concept is evident acutely after baroreceptor denervation. Chronically, however, baroreceptor denervation is associated with highly variable changes in MAP but not sustained hypertension. The ability of baroreceptors to buffer imposed increases in MAP appears limited by a process termed “resetting,” in which the threshold to fire shifts in the direction of the pressure change and if the pressure elevation is maintained, it leads to a rightward shift in the relationship between baroreceptor firing and MAP. The most common hypothesis linking baroreceptors to changes in MAP proposes that reduced vascular distensibility in baroreceptive areas would cause reduced firing at the same pulsatile pressure and, thus, reflexively increase SNA. This review focuses on effects of baroreceptor denervation in the regulation of MAP in human subjects compared with animal studies; the relationship between vascular compliance, MAP, and baroreceptor resetting; and, finally, the effect of chronic baroreceptor unloading on the regulation of MAP.
Toward the Design of a Nursing Ontology System

The unambiguous and consistent representation of the healthcare domain is the foundation of modernized healthcare (eg, electronic medical records). However, the nursing domain often fails to meet this requirement. In this article, we address this challenge by presenting a three-stage methodological approach that can be used to (1) capture knowledge in a nursing domain; (2) design a nursing ontology, composed of data models linked with terminology concepts in a multirelational property graph; and (3) implement and (4) evaluate the ontology. Through the feasibility, development, and evaluation phases of our methodological approach, we modeled a nursing domain (ontology) and the indices that partition the domain into an efficient, searchable space, where the solution to a nursing problem is seen as abstractly defined traversals through its graph vertices and edges. Thus, the use of the three-phase ontology development process and multirelational property graph was sufficiently comprehensive for achieving the representation of a nursing domain ontology and its instantiation.
On the rectification of vibratory motion

The author establishes a theoretical framework for analyzing and classifying actuators which generate their output by rectifying small-amplitude mechanical vibrations such as might be generated by piezoelectric elements. These ideas are of interest when designing for microfabrication because motors based on these principles: (1) can generate translational output directly without use of rotary bearings; (2) appear to be scalable over several orders of magnitude of the length scale; and (3) appear to be capable of generating mechanical power proportional to driving frequency over several orders of magnitude of frequency. Achieving this performance is dependent on being able to fabricate features, or at least control surface irregularities, on the scale v/w where v is the velocity of the actuator and w is the operating frequency. <<ETX>>
Accessmonkey: a collaborative scripting framework for web users and developers

Efficient access to web content remains elusive for individuals accessing the web using assistive technology. Previous efforts to improve web accessibility have focused on developer awareness, technological improvement, and legislation, but these approaches have left remaining concerns. First, while many tools can help produce accessible content, these tools are generally difficult to integrate into existing developer workflows and rarely offer specific suggestions that developers can implement. Second, tools that automatically improve web content for users generally solve specific problems and are difficult to combine and use on a diversity of existing assistive technology. Finally, although blind web users have proven adept at overcoming the shortcomings of the web and existing tools, they have been only marginally involved in improving the accessibility of their own web experience. As a first step toward addressing these concerns, we introduce Accessmonkey, a common scripting framework that web users, web developers and web researchers can use to collaboratively improve accessibility. This framework advances the idea that Javascript and dynamic web content can be used to improve inaccessible content instead of being a cause of it. Using Accessmonkey, web users and developers on different platforms with potentially different goals can collaboratively make the web more accessible. In this paper we first present the Accessmonkey framework, describe three implementations of it that we have created and offer several example scripts that demonstrate its utility. We conclude by discussing future extensions of this work that will provide efficient access to scripts as users browse the web and allow non-technical users be involved in creating scripts.
The Effect of Translation Quality in MT-Based Cross-Language Information Retrieval

This paper explores the relationship between the translation quality and the retrieval effectiveness in Machine Translation (MT) based Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR). To obtain MT systems of different translation quality, we degrade a rule-based MT system by decreasing the size of the rule base and the size of the dictionary. We use the degraded MT systems to translate queries and submit the translated queries of varying quality to the IR system. Retrieval effectiveness is found to correlate highly with the translation quality of the queries. We further analyze the factors that affect the retrieval effectiveness. Title queries are found to be preferred in MT-based CLIR. In addition, dictionary-based degradation is shown to have stronger impact than rule-based degradation in MT-based CLIR.
Crossings and Nestings for Arc-Coloured Permutations and Automation

Symmetric joint distribution between crossings and nestings was established in several combinatorial objects. Recently, Marberg extended Chen and Guo's result on coloured matchings to coloured set partitions following a multi-dimensional generalization of the bijection and enumerative methods from Chen, Deng, Du, Stanley, and Yan. We complete the study for arc-coloured permutations by establishing symmetric joint distribution for crossings and nestings and by showing that the ordinary generating functions for $j$-noncrossing, $k$-nonnesting, $r$-coloured permutations according to size $n$ are rational functions. Finally, we automate the generation of these rational functions and analyse the first $70$ series.
Overexpression of CUG Triplet Repeat-binding Protein, CUGBP1, in Mice Inhibits Myogenesis*

Accumulation of RNA CUG repeats in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients leads to the induction of a CUG-binding protein, CUGBP1, which increases translation of several proteins that are required for myogenesis. In this paper, we examine the role of overexpression of CUGBP1 in DM1 muscle pathology using transgenic mice that overexpress CUGBP1 in skeletal muscle. Our data demonstrate that the elevation of CUGBP1 in skeletal muscle causes overexpression of MEF2A and p21 to levels that are significantly higher than those in skeletal muscle of wild type animals. A similar induction of these proteins is observed in skeletal muscle of DM1 patients with increased levels of CUGBP1. Immunohistological analysis showed that the skeletal muscle from mice overexpressing CUGBP1 is characterized by a developmental delay, muscular dystrophy, and myofiber-type switch: increase of slow/oxidative fibers and the reduction of fast fibers. Examination of molecular mechanisms by which CUGBP1 up-regulates MEF2A shows that CUGBP1 increases translation of MEF2A via direct interaction with GCN repeats located within MEF2A mRNA. Our data suggest that CUGBP1-mediated overexpression of MEF2A and p21 inhibits myogenesis and contributes to the development of muscle deficiency in DM1 patients.
Fault Detection for a Class of Uncertain State-Feedback Control Systems

This brief studies the problem of fault detection for a class of uncertain state-feedback tracking control systems with constant reference inputs and bounded disturbances. The considered systems are modeled via multiple modes, namely, fault-free case and faulty cases. Actuator stuck faults, including outage cases, are considered. With the aid of the finite-frequency positive-realness approach, a new linear-matrix-inequality-based fault detection method for control systems is obtained and applied to fault detection for flight control systems. An F-18 aircraft model is included in the simulation to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Experimental Investigations of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Seawater

It is often preferable to avoid using divers to undertake sub-sea activities, the alternatives being autonomous or remotely operated robotic vehicles and manipulators. This will only be achievable if robust communications can be established through seawater. Presently for such sub-sea activities it is necessary to use acoustic modems, which are only capable of operating with data rates of up to 50kbs-1. Optical sensors can also be used but these rely on clear water and in many sea conditions propagation beyond 10m is not possible. This paper presents new experimental results for electromagnetic wave propagation through seawater at MHz frequencies. These frequencies would enable the use of high speed data rates, suitable for a wide range of sub-sea activities
PubMed-cited research articles on the Middle East respiratory syndrome

Table 1: Number and categories of PubMed-cited articles on Middle East respiratory syndrome Variable All (n=634) Saudi Arabia (n=70) Collaborative articles (n=56) Other countries (n=508) Year n (%) 2012 16 (2.5) 2 (2.9) 3 (5.4) 11 (2.2) 2013 158 (24.9) 14 (20) 9 (16.1) 135 (26.6) 2014 250 (39.4) 32 (45.7) 26 (46.4) 192 (37.8) 2015 210 (33.1) 22 (31.4) 18 (32.1) 170 (33.4) Main category n (%) Reviews/commentary/ editorial/experiences 215 (33.9) 40 (57.1) 14 (25) 161 (31.7)
Spherical Aberration and the Sign of Defocus

Purpose Visual sensing of the sign of defocus is important not only for the rapid control of accommodation but also for regulating the slower long-term growth of the eye. Methods We examined the possibility that ocular spherical aberration (SA) elicits a sign of defocus by optical modeling of image formation using the principles of physical optics. Results Retinal image contrast, as measured by the area under the visually weighted modulation-transfer function, depends on both the magnitude and the sign of defocus relative to the sign of the SA. Image contrast is greater for hyperopic blur than for myopic blur when SA is positive and vice versa when SA is negative. Conclusions When coupled with Wallman’s hypothesis that retinal activity caused by image contrast inhibits eye growth, these results provide a testable hypothesis to account for myopia progression. For example, we suggest that hyperopic blur is a risk factor for myopia progression only when the eye has a negative SA because that is the combination leading to relatively low contrast in the defocused retinal image. Because the likelihood of a negative SA increases with accommodation, avoiding long hours of near work in the presence of accommodative lag may help prevent the onset and progression of myopia.
ON THE SYSTEMATICITY OF LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT

The last twenty years or so have seen a lot of discussion about systematicity-roughly the idea that if a person's repertoire contains the sentence/thought thatJohn loves Mary, then her repertoire also contains the sentence/thought that Mary loves John. ' Much of the discussion of systematicity has focused on the technical question of whether and how connectionists can explain the systematicity of cognitive capacities without simply implementing a classical architecture. That is, the debate has centered on whether connectionist systems offer a genuinely novel way to understand the empirical phenomenon of systematicity. Discussions of systematicity have not been confined to the connectionism/classicism debate. Systematicity (sometimes under the name "generality" or "recombinability") has also been discussed frequently in other areas of the philosophy of mind.2 Two common threads unite these discussions of systematicity.
Proteosome-adjuvanted intranasal influenza vaccines: advantages, progress and future considerations

The development of a safe and effective non-live intranasal influenza vaccine has been an elusive target in vaccinology for many decades. It is perceived that intranasal immunization, by offering a more convenient and less invasive vaccination modality, will boost vaccination rates against influenza, a disease that continues to inflict a significant annual health and economic burden worldwide. Intranasal immunization may also confer additional immunoprotective benefits by eliciting mucosal secretory antibodies at the site of entry of the virus, which are typically more broadly cross-reactive and cross-protective compared with those induced by systemic routes of vaccination. This property is highly desirable for confering improved protection against variant strains of influenza virus. Here we review the current status of intranasal proteosome-based influenza vaccines that comprise commercial detergent-split influenza antigens and proteosome adjuvants derived from purified bacterial outer membrane proteins. We demonstrate that these vaccines exhibit the desired advantages expected from immunization via the intranasal route. Furthermore, in clinical trials proteosome-based influenza vaccines were shown to be safe and protective in humans. The future possibilities for commercializing intranasal proteosome–influenza vaccines are also discussed.
Numerical study on notched steel plate with center hole strengthened by CFRP

Abstract Steel members could be damaged and fail to fulfill the requirements of safety after long-term service. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening turns out to be an excellent method for prolonging its service life. The strengthening technique has been extensively studied in recent decades, however, few researchers concerned about the simulation of steel plates with center hole strengthened by CFRP. Therefore, its mechanical performance was investigated numerically in this study. The numerical results were compared with the experimental results and an acceptable agreement was reached, which verified the validity of the numerical model. A parametric study was conducted, in which the interfacial stress distribution change with CFRP elastic modulus, thickness and strengthening form was analyzed. For fully covered CFRP strengthening, increasing of elastic modulus and thickness of CFRP plates can enhance the stiffness of steel plates, however, it has insignificant effect on debonding load and obvious decrease on ultimate load. While the partially covered CFRP bonding strengthening can also upgrade the stiffness with CFRP elastic modulus and thickness, the effect to both of debonding load and ultimate load is minimal.
Practical approach to semantics

All knowledge representation techniques have to solve the problem of semantics, i.e. how to represent the meaning of the represented knowledge. Basically, there are two possible approaches: explicit and implicit context approaches. Actually, all known knowledge representation techniques are based on the explicit context representation where the meanings of the represented concepts, properties and relations are defined by names. The explicit context approach is illustrated on the example of Linked Data concept for the structured representation of data on the Web. The implicit context representation is based on contexts defined by natural language structures (words, phrases, paragraphs, documents) and the meaning is defined using semantic categories representing semantically relevant words and phrases in different contexts. Unlike the explicit context approach, which requires an effort of specialized experts, the implicit context approach is based on various kinds of learning, where human support is only needed in supervised learning.
A Fast Algorithm for Depth Segmentation

We present a fast algorithm for depth segmentation. The algorithm uses pre-computed disparity maps to detect regions of the scene that are not at predetermined depths. The form of the algorithm allows it to take advantage of the single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set extensions that have recently become commonly available in consumer-grade microprocessors. We also present the application of the algorithm to the problem of detecting contact between a foreground object (a hand) and a geometrically static background (a display surface) in real-time video sequences. Due to the geometric nature of the segmentation algorithm, the touch detector is invariant to lighting, color, and motion. It threfore is applicable to interactive frontand back-projected displays. A simple extension to the algorithm allows for the background surface to be given analytically.
EXTRACTION OF THE RADIORESISTANT FACTOR OF MICROCOCCUS RADIODURANS.

In 1956, Anderson et al. (1) reported the isolation of Micrococcus radiodurans, an interesting organism of startling radioresistance, from meat that had been exposed to 2 to 6 x 106 rep. Their evidence (2, 3) suggested that the resistance involved the metabolic products of the sulfur amino acids. The deep-red pigmentation of the tetrad cells prompted Kilburn et al. (4) to test the possibility that the pigment acted as an energy sink. Evidence did not support this hypothesis.
Ag–TiO2 doped photo catalytic degradation of Procion blue H-B dye in textile washwater

The photocatalytic degradation of Procion blue H-B dye in biodegraded textile washwater has been investigated for the complete removal of color and maximum reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Pseudomonas putida was utilized for obtaining biodegraded textile washwater. In this process, silver-doped TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared and experiments were carried out to study the effects of UV and mercury lamp irradiations on COD reduction and removal of color. The thus prepared silver-doped TiO2 catalyst was characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, UV-visible spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and BET surface area techniques. Adsorption studies were also carried out to evaluate the fitness of isotherm models. The results show that the silver-doped TiO2 has enhanced the photodegradation of Procion blue H-B dye under UV and mercury lamp irradiations. The enhanced activity of silver-doped TiO2 is due to the enrichment of electron–hole separation by electron trapping of silver particles.