Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blocking Formation of Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes is Beneficial Following Stroke

Microglia and astrocytes play an important role in the neuroinflammatory response and contribute to both the destruction of neighboring tissue as well as the resolution of inflammation following stroke. These reactive glial cells are highly heterogeneous at both the transcriptomic and functional level. Depending upon the stimulus, microglia and astrocytes mount a complex, and specific response composed of distinct microglial and astrocyte substates. These substates ultimately drive the landscape of the initiation and recovery from the adverse stimulus. In one state, inflammation- and damage-induced microglia release tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 1α (IL1α), and complement component 1q (C1q), together ‘TIC’. This cocktail of cytokines drives astrocytes into a neurotoxic reactive astrocyte (nRA) substate. This nRA substate is associated with loss of many physiological astrocyte functions (e.g., synapse formation and maturation, phagocytosis, among others), as well as a gain-of-function release of neurotoxic long-chain fatty acids which kill neighboring cells. Here we report that transgenic removal of TIC led to reduction of gliosis, infarct expansion, and worsened functional deficits in the acute and delayed stages following stroke. Our results suggest that TIC cytokines, and likely nRAs play an important role that may maintain neuroinflammation and inhibit functional motor recovery after ischemic stroke. This is the first report that this paradigm is relevant in stroke and that therapies against nRAs may be a novel means to treat patients. Since nRAs are evolutionarily conserved from rodents to humans and present in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and injuries, further identification of mechanistic role of nRAs will lead to a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory response and the development of new therapies.
NODDI-derived measures of microstructural integrity in medial temporal lobe white matter pathways are associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and cognitive outcomes

INTRODUCTION Diffusion tensor imaging has been used to assess white matter (WM) changes in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the tensor model is necessarily limited by its assumptions. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) can offer insights into microstructural features of WM change. We assessed whether NODDI more sensitively detects AD-related changes in medial temporal lobe WM than traditional tensor metrics. METHODS Standard diffusion and NODDI metrics were calculated for medial temporal WM tracts from 199 older adults drawn from ADNI3 who also received PET to measure pathology and neuropsychological testing. RESULTS NODDI measures in medial temporal tracts were more strongly correlated to cognitive performance and pathology than standard measures. The combination of NODDI and standard metrics exhibited the strongest prediction of cognitive performance in random forest analyses. CONCLUSIONS NODDI metrics offer additional insights into contributions of WM degeneration to cognitive outcomes in the aging brain.
Manu Militari: The Institutional Contingencies of Stakeholder Relationships on Entrepreneurial Performance

This study examines how ventures can leverage relationships with heterogeneous government stakeholders to enhance survival in different institutional environments. We consider how the distinct resources provided from venture ties to military and political actors represent complementary strategic assets that differentially influence performance in varying political and economic environments as well as under conditions of violence and political conflict. Empirically, we examine the effect of these respective stakeholder relationships on new venture survival across 10 countries over a 65-year period. By distinguishing between the resources obtained through relationships with different types of government stakeholders and showing how the value of these resources varies in different contexts, this study contributes to nonmarket strategy and stakeholder management research and highlights the need for studies to take a pluralistic view of government stakeholders. This paper also presents managerial insights to f.
Plakins are involved in the maintenance of epithelial polarity

As epithelia are the interface between the organism and the external environment, they are often subject to damage and must be frequently renewed. However, maintaining epithelial integrity during this renewal is challenging, and loss of cell polarity is a potent inducer of tumorigenesis. In this study, we used transcriptomic data from breast cancer cells at different stages of tumor development to identify molecular changes associated with the early stages of tumor transformation. We correlated these protein expression profiles with either cell polarity defects or cell progression along the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We identified plakins, namely epiplakin (EPPK1), desmoplakin (DSP) and periplakin (PPL), that were downregulated in cells that had lost their epithelial polarity and also downregulated in cells that had progressed through EMT. We further tested them experimentally by knocking down their expression in a non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cell line (MCF10A). We demonstrated their causal role in the loss of polarity, as revealed by the misorientation of the nuclear centrosome vector. We also found that vimentin, a marker of EMT, was overexpressed in plakin knocked-down cells, suggesting that plakins may have both a structural and a regulatory role in maintaining the epithelial state.
CAG repeat expansions create splicing acceptor sites and produce aberrant repeat-containing RNAs

Expansions of CAG trinucleotide repeats cause several rare neurodegenerative diseases. The disease-causing repeats are translated in multiple reading frames, without an identifiable initiation codon. The molecular mechanism of this repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation is not known. We find that expanded CAG repeats create new splice acceptor sites. Splicing of proximal donors to the repeats produces unexpected repeat-containing transcripts. Upon splicing, depending on the sequences surrounding the donor, CAG repeats may become embedded in AUG-initiated open reading frames. Canonical AUG-initiated translation of these aberrant RNAs accounts for proteins that are attributed to RAN translation. Disruption of the relevant splice donors or the in-frame AUG initiation codons is sufficient to abrogate RAN translation. Our findings provide a molecular explanation for the abnormal translation products observed in CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion disorders and add to the repertoire of mechanisms by which repeat expansion mutations disrupt cellular functions.
Protein condensate fusion mapping using Hippopede curve

Protein and nucleic acid condensation in cells has been a major focus of biophysical studies in recent years. Such droplets, condensates, or membraneless cellular organelles that form by condensation have been shown to behave like liquid or viscoelastic fluids. In vitro reconstitution of condensates of purified protein and nucleic acid have been used to better understand the phenomena, specifically to quantify the material properties of these condensates. One of the signature properties of a liquid-like condensate is the fusion of two round droplets into a larger droplet. Quantitative imaging and analysis of the fusion process can report the biophysical properties of the condensates, such as surface tension and viscosity in a non-invasive way. Here we take advantage of a model in soft matter physics, hippopede curves, to the condensate fusion problem to estimate these biophysical properties directly and compare the results with existing models in the field. In addition, this method approximates additional parameters such as the surface area and surface curvatures during the fusion process over time.
Scaling the fitness effects of mutations with respect to differentially adapted Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under natural conditions

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation for natural selection to act upon. A major question in evolutionary biology is the extent to which new mutations can generate genetic variation under natural conditions to permit adaptive evolution over ecological time scales. Here we collected fitness data for chemically induced (ethylmethane sulfonate, EMS) mutant lines descended from two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes that show differential adaptation to the local environment of our common garden plot. Using a novel nonparametric Bayesian statistical approach, we found that both ecotypes accumulated substantial proportions of beneficial mutations. The poorly adapted ecotype showed higher variance in the fitness effect of mutations than the well-adapted ecotype. Furthermore, we predict that it takes less than 4000 generations for the fitness space of the two ecotypes to overlap through mutation accumulation, and that a single founder, through mutation accumulation, is able to achieve the species-wide genetic variation in less than 10,000 generations. Our results provide evidence for relatively rapid local adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana in natural conditions through new mutations, as well as the utility of nonparametric Bayesian method for modeling the distribution of fitness effects for field-collected data.
Dual Ethanolamine Head Groups in Ionizable Lipids Facilitate Phospholipid-free Stable Nanoparticle Formulation for Augmented and Safer mRNA Delivery

The accelerated advent of mRNA-based therapeutics and vaccines, highlighted by the battle against SARS-CoV-2, underscores the urgency to refine lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for efficient mRNA delivery. In this work, we introduce a novel series of ionizable lipids characterized by double ethanolamine head groups, significantly amplifying mRNA binding affinity. A succinct three-component formulation is subsequently delineated, obviating the conventional dependency on phospholipids inherent in traditional four-component LNPs. Intriguingly, this formulation enables particle formation under neutral pH conditions, a notable departure from the acidic milieu traditionally required, attributable to the enhanced nonionic interactions predominating in mRNA encapsulation. The resultant particles exhibit exceptional stability, superior mRNA encapsulation efficiency, and maintain robust delivery efficacy. When deployed as a vaccine platform, the formulation elicited pronounced humoral and T-cell immune responses, concurrently exhibiting a favorable toxicity profile with a reduced induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. Our exploration suggests that by fine-tuning the non-electrostatic interactions between the ionizable lipid and mRNA, the dynamics of particle formation can be considerably divergent from the prevailing paradigms of mRNA-LNP formation, hinting at a broader horizon for lipid optimization within the realm of mRNA delivery systems.
The Time Drift of Temperature and Conductivity Sensors of TRITON Buoy and the Correction of Conductivity Data

*4 The Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network (TRITON) buoys have been deployed in order to observe water tempera- ture and salinity with CT (conductivity and temperature: SBE 37) sensors in the western tropical Pacific Ocean. The drift with time of CT sensors were investigated by the calibrations in laboratory before deployment and after recovery of TRITON buoy, and also by the comparison with in-situ hydrographic cast data. The results of calibrations in labora- tory, show that the drifts of temperature sensors are quite small (less than 3mK/year) for all sensors, however, the char- acteristics of drifts of conductivity sensors are different depending on the classified depth ranges. After one year moor- ing, the average drift of conductivity in the shallowest layer above 100 meters was 0.010 S/m/year (corresponding to 0.065psu/year with standard deviation of 0.005 S/m at 6 S/m). In the deeper layer below 250 meters, the average drift of conductivity was quite small and stable as it was less than 0.0001 S/m (0.0006psu) with standard deviation of 0.001 S/m. The results from in-situ comparison of TRITON salinity with shipboard CTD (SBE9/11 plus) salinity also sup- ported the positive conductivity drift with time in the shallow layers. Finally, assuming the linear trend of conductivity drift with time, correction of conductivity data from the post calibration data was also made.
Augmented Sparsifiers for Generalized Hypergraph Cuts

Hypergraph generalizations of many graph cut problems and algorithms have recently been introduced to better model data and systems characterized by multiway relationships. Recent work in machine learning and theoretical computer science uses a generalized cut function for a hypergraph H = ( V, E ) that associates each hyperedge e ∈ E with a splitting function w e , which assigns a penalty to each way of separating the nodes of e . When each w e satisﬁes w e ( S ) = g ( | S | ) for some concave function g , previous work has shown how to reduce the generalized hypergraph cut problem to a directed graph cut problem, although the resulting graph may be very dense. We introduce a framework for sparsifying hypergraph-to-graph reductions, where the hypergraph cut function is (1+ ε )-approximated by a cut on a directed graph. For ε > 0 we need at most O ( ε − 1 | e | log | e | ) edges to reduce any hyperedge e , while only O ( | e | ε − 1 / 2 log log 1 ε ) edges are needed to approximate the clique expansion, a widely used heuristic in hypergraph clustering. Our framework leads to improved results for solving cut problems in co-occurrence graphs
Experimental Comparison of Bohm-like Theories with Different Ontologies

The de Broglie-Bohm theory is a hidden variable interpretation of quantum mechanics which involves particles moving through space with definite trajectories. This theory singles out position as the primary ontological variable. Mathematically, it is possible to construct a similar theory where particles are moving through momentum space, and momentum is singled out as the primary ontological variable. In this paper we experimentally show how the two theories lead to different ontological descriptions. We construct the putative particle trajectories for a two-slit experiment in both the position and momentum space theories by simulating particle dynamics with coherent light. Using a method for constructing trajectories through the primary and derived (i.e. non-primary) spaces, we compare the ontological pictures offered by the two theories and show that they do not agree. This contradictory behaviour brings into question which ontology for Bohmian mechanics is to be preferred.
Diversity of Bornean viverrids and other small carnivores in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

We used camera-trapping and night spotlight surveys to investigate carnivores in a lowland tropical rainforest in Borneo. Here we report records of 14 small carnivore species from Deramakot, a commercial forest reserve, where a reduced impact selective logging system is practised. Some of the recorded species like the Otter Civet Cynogale bennettii or the Hairy-nosed Otter Lutra sumatrana have rarely or never been recorded with camera-traps in Borneo. The observed very high diversity of carnivores, especially of globally threatened wetland species, highlights the importance of this lowland forest complex and suggests that even commercially used forests may harbour a high diversity of carnivores.
Molecular Detection of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Among Sudanese Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Several risk factors have been incriminated for the development of esophageal cancer such as; viruses [3], tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking [4], gastro-esophageal reflux [5], susceptibility genes [6], low levels of intake of fruits and vegetables [7]. The association between viral infection and esophageal cancer was well established for several viruses including; human papillomavirus, particularly subtype 16, herpes simplex virus 1, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Nevertheless, the exact pathogenesis of the viral action in addition to geographic variations in infection rates of these viruses yet requires more work [8]. EBV is one of the oncogenic viruses that have been found to be linked to Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, breast cancer, and leiomyosarcoma [9]. However, whether EBV is associated to esophageal SCC still controversial: there are limited studies and their conclusions vary [10]. The association between EBV and several cancers have been reported in many studies from Sudan. Most of these studies inspected the relationship between EBV and cancers such as, Burkitt’s lymphoma [11], nasopharyngeal carcinoma [12] and breast cancer [13]. Therefore, the aim of this present study was to identify (if any) EBV in Tissue specimens obtained from Sudanese patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer.
Texture mapping based on multiple aerial imageries in urban areas

In the realistic 3D model reconstruction, the requirement of the texture is very high. Texture is one of the key factors that affecting realistic of the model and using texture mapping technology to realize. In this paper we present a practical approach of texture mapping based on photogrammetry theory from multiple aerial imageries in urban areas. By collinearity equation to matching the model and imageries, and in order to improving the quality of texture, we describe an automatic approach for select the optimal texture to realized 3D building from the aerial imageries of many strip. The texture of buildings can be automatically matching by the algorithm. The experimental results show that the platform of texture mapping process has a high degree of automation and improve the efficiency of the 3D modeling reconstruction.
REDUCING WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORKS ENERGY CONSUMPTION USING P-MEDIAN MODELLING AND OPTIMIZATION

: Despite significant progress in wireless sensor network’s (WSN) applications in recent years, major problems persist, notably the efficiency of the battery power use for data exchange. In fact, sensor nodes are known to be energy-limited, they are powered by a relatively low capacity, non-rechargeable battery, and in most cases, the nodes are deployed in inhospitable or hard-to-reach areas and are unlikely to be recoverable. Therefore, any program running on a smart sensor must consider energy management. This paper describes, for the first time, a comprehensive p-median based mathematical model of the WSN-IoT network's clustering problem. A set of decision variables is defined in order to express the objective of minimizing the energy consumption as a mathematical function to be minimized taking into consideration the residual energy of the nodes, among
A PROPOSED MODEL FOR ENHANCING E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES TO ACHIEVE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN EGYPT " CASE STUDY"

In light of the increasing interest of governments in e-government and achieving the sustainable development goals 2030, the governments seek to provide new e-government services and develop strategic plans to achieve the SDGs. This study clarifies the contribution of E-government services in achieving SDGs and the relationship between them and describes how can Enhance e-Government services to achieve SDGs in Egypt. The primary goal of this paper is to present a model for Enhancing E-government services in order to contribute to achieving some sustainable development goals. and also to enhance the researchers and anyone who wants to improve, add a new service to E-government services, or to achieve the SDGs and their domains with data and methods that help them ease of choice and decision making. This study proved that there is a relationship between E-government services and sustainable development goals, and there is an effect of Enhancing E-government services on achieving the sustainable development goals.in this study, the Blockchain technology was being integrated into the E-voting system to submit the prototype of the Egyptian E-Voting System, and that is the significant improvement point against the traditional voting system as the users can cast the vote and check the results after completing all processes by using the web application. the improvement of This service will contribute to the achievement of 18 targets from SDGs.
Eddy-induced mixing in the Southern Ocean

There is an ongoing debate concerning the distribution of eddy-induced mixing across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the nature of its controlling processes. The problem is addressed here by estimating the isentropic eddy diffusivity κ from a collection of hydrographic and altimetric observations, analyzed in a mixing length theoretical framework. It is shown that, typically, κ is suppressed by an order of magnitude in the upper kilometre of the ACC frontal jets relative to their surroundings, primarily as a result of the modulation of the mixing length by eddy mean flow interaction. This observation is reproduced by a quasi-geostrophic theory of eddy-induced mixing across a broad barotropic jet based on the scaling law derived by Ferrari and Nikurashin in a companion paper. The theory indicates that the observed widespread reduction of κ in the upper layers of frontal jets is the kinematic consequence of eddy propagation relative to the mean flow within jet cores. Pronounced deviations from this prevalent mixing regime are encountered in a few special sites, where mixing suppression breaks down at the core of upper-ocean jets. Such leaky jet segments appear to be associated with sharp stationary meanders of the mean flow that exhibit non-parallel structure on length scales comparable to those of the eddies, and that are generated by the interaction of the ACC with major topographic features. It is contended that the characteristic thermohaline structure of the Southern Ocean, consisting of multiple upper-ocean thermohaline fronts separating and underlaid by regions of homogenized properties, is largely a result of the widespread suppression of eddy-induced mixing by parallel jets. The hypothesis is put forward that the sparse and localized occurrence of non-parallel, leaky jet segments provides the focus for mixing and subduction of upper-ocean water masses across the ACC.
A P ] 1 9 N ov 2 01 8 Erratum : “ On the nonlocal Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman and Cahn-Hilliard-Hele-Shaw systems

In this note, we want to highlight and correct an error in [3, Prop.2. 4] which has consequences on the proof of [3, Thm.6. 1]. Referring to [3] for the notation, the correct statement in [3, Prop.2. 4] is that u ∈ L2(0, T ; [H1(Ω)]d) and not u ∈ L2(0, T ;Vdiv) as incorrectly written. Therefore we have v(t) = u(t) − uν(t) ∈ [H1(Ω)]d for almost any t ∈ (0, T ) and the boundary trace of v(t) is not necessarily zero. Estimates as the one in [3, Thm.6. 1] are in general difficult to obtain due to the presence of a boundary layer. A common approach to obtain such estimates is to introduce a corrector so that the difference between the solution and the corrector has zero trace (see, e.g., [5]). Here we devise a simpler way to obtain an estimate quite similar to the one reported in [3, Thm.6. 1] without introducing a corrector. However, the order of convergence with respect to ν is no longer 12 . More precisely, the corrected result reads as follows
2D/3D Geophysical Modeling of Mezozoic Onshore Rocks and Tertiary Offshore Sediments

SUMMARY 2D/3D technique of geomechanical modeling combined with paleotectonic restorations is presented. It highlights spatial distribution of pore pressure and localization of intense fracturing. Implementation of the technique in West Siberia (Russia) and offshore Louisiana (USA) provided better understanding of origins of oil/gas accumulations and helped delineate productive parts of the two areas.