Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on the effective slip properties for microchannel flows with ultrahydrophobic surfaces

A type of superhydrophobic surface consists of a solid plane boundary with an array of grooves which, due to the effect of surface tension, prevent a complete wetting of the wall. The effect is greatest when the grooves are aligned with the flow. The pressure difference between the liquid and the gas in the grooves causes a curvature of the liquid surface resisted by surface tension. The effects of this surface deformation are studied in this paper. The corrections to the effective slip length produced by the curvature are analyzed theoretically and a comparison with available data and related mathematical models is presented.
KEK-TH-1025 Sugawara form for AdS superstring

We show that the stress-energy tensor for a superstring in the AdS5×S background is written in a supersymmetric generalized “Sugawara” form. It is the “supertrace” of the square of the right-invariant current which is the Noether current satisfying the flatness condition. The Wess-Zumino term is taken into account through the supersymmetric gauge connection in the right-invariant currents, therefore the obtained stress-energy tensor is κ invariant. The integrability of the AdS superstring provides an infinite number of the conserved “local” currents which are supertraces of the n-th power of the right-invariant current. For even n the “local” current reduces to terms proportional to the Virasoro constraint and the κ symmetry constraint, while for odd n it reduces to a term proportional to the κ symmetry constraint . PACS: 11.30. Pb;11.17. +y;11.25. -w
Knowledge-Driven Event Extraction in Russian: Corpus-Based Linguistic Resources

Automatic event extraction form text is an important step in knowledge acquisition and knowledge base population. Manual work in development of extraction system is indispensable either in corpus annotation or in vocabularies and pattern creation for a knowledge-based system. Recent works have been focused on adaptation of existing system (for extraction from English texts) to new domains. Event extraction in other languages was not studied due to the lack of resources and algorithms necessary for natural language processing. In this paper we define a set of linguistic resources that are necessary in development of a knowledge-based event extraction system in Russian: a vocabulary of subordination models, a vocabulary of event triggers, and a vocabulary of Frame Elements that are basic building blocks for semantic patterns. We propose a set of methods for creation of such vocabularies in Russian and other languages using Google Books NGram Corpus. The methods are evaluated in development of event extraction system for Russian.
FAMOOSr 2008: Workshop on FAMIX and Moose in Software Reengineering

The increasing amount of data available about software systems poses new challenges for re- and reverse engineering research, as the proposed approaches need to scale. In this context, concerns about meta-modeling and analysis techniques need to be augmented by technical concerns about how to reuse and how to build upon the efforts of previous research. Moose is an extensive infrastructure for reverse engineering evolved for over 10 years that promotes the reuse of engineering efforts in research. Moose accommodates various types of data modeled in the FAMIX family of meta-models. The goal of this half-day workshop is to strengthen the community of researchers and practitioners who are working in re- and reverse engineering, by providing a forum for building future research starting from Moose and FAMIX as shared infrastructure.
The Nuclear Vitamin D Receptor: Biological and Molecular Regulatory Properties Revealed

IN THE DECADE SINCE THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR) was cloned and recognized as a member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors that regulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner, the central role of VDR in the biology of vitamin D action has been illuminated and is being defined at the molecular level. Following renal production as the hormonal metabolite of vitamin D, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) functions as the ligand for VDR, with the hormone–receptor complex inducing calcemic and phosphatemic effects that result in normal bone mineralization and remodeling. VDR not only mediates the action of 1,25(OH)2D3 in calcium/phosphate translocating tissues, primarily intestine, but also elicits a myriad of apparent bioactivities in other major cell systems in the organism, including immune, neural, epithelial, and endocrine. The scope of this review will be limited to highlighting the actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 mediated by nuclear VDR and discussing new developments in the structure/function analysis of the receptor, including the phenotype of VDR knockout mice and the biochemical classification of patients with point mutations in the receptor. These new advances, along with other recent research, will be interpreted to update our understanding of the molecular role of VDR, ranging from characterization of its natural gene and clinically significant polymorphisms, through its DNA contact sites and protein partners, to novel ligand analogs that hold the promise of influencing VDR conformation in a therapeutically beneficial fashion. VDR BIOLOGY
A Hybrid-Based RFID Authentication Protocol Supporting Distributed Database

Many authentication protocols for RFID have been proposed. However, all the protocols seem to fail to simultaneously satisfy both untraceability and forward secrecy, and support distributed database. In this case, we think that a hybrid-based approach which has both properties of static-ID and dynamic-ID based approach may be an alternative solution. In this paper, we show that a hybrid approach can provide untraceability and support distributed database, while providing only a partial forward secrecy.
Cytochrome P450 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Response to Prasugrel: Relationship to Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Clinical Outcomes

Background— Both clopidogrel and prasugrel require biotransformation to active metabolites by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Among persons treated with clopidogrel, carriers of reduced-function CYP2C19 alleles have significantly lower levels of active metabolite, diminished platelet inhibition, and higher rates of adverse cardiovascular events. The effect of CYP polymorphisms on the clinical outcomes in patients treated with prasugrel remains unknown. Methods and Results— The associations between functional variants in CYP genes, plasma concentrations of active drug metabolite, and platelet inhibition in response to prasugrel were tested in 238 healthy subjects. We then examined the association of these genetic variants with cardiovascular outcomes in a cohort of 1466 patients with acute coronary syndromes allocated to treatment with prasugrel in the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38 trial. Among the healthy subjects, no significant attenuation of the pharmacokinetic or the pharmacodynamic response to prasugrel was observed in carriers versus noncarriers of at least 1 reduced-function allele for any of the CYP genes tested (CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, CYP3A5, and CYP1A2). Consistent with these findings, in subjects with acute coronary syndromes treated with prasugrel, no significant associations were found between any of the tested CYP genotypes and risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Conclusions— Common functional CYP genetic variants do not affect active drug metabolite levels, inhibition of platelet aggregation, or clinical cardiovascular event rates in persons treated with prasugrel. These pharmacogenetic findings are in contrast to observations with clopidogrel, which may explain, in part, the different pharmacological and clinical responses to the 2 medications.
From message posting to learning dialogues: Factors affecting learner participation in asynchronous discussion

Generating true learning dialogue as opposed to a collection of loosely affiliated posted messages on a class discussion board can be challenging. This paper presents the results of a cross‐case analysis of nine naturalistic case studies of online classes, looking at how activity design and facilitation factors affected various dimensions of student participation. Findings show that use of guidelines, deadlines and feedback and type of instructor presence affect the resulting discourse in an online class. Additionally, the paper explores how particular types of learning activities are better suited to generating discussion than others and how the integration of discussion activities with the rest of the course activities and requirements impacts learner motivation and participation.
Technological innovation in Dutch cattle breeding and dairy farming, 1850-2000

This article attempts to present the broad outlines of technological change in Dutch cattle breeding and dairy farming over the last 150 years. After 1850, Dutch dairy farmers and cattle breeders profited from the rapidly increasing opportunities offered by expanding foreign markets. Herd book organisations were established to meet the demand for breeding cattle from abroad. In 1904, the Dutch Herd Book Organisation was reorganised, aiming its breeding policy at three well-defined types of cattle according the pure-line breeding principle. After 1950 aims in cattle breeding were changed, as it appeared likely that in the near future the production of cheese would become more important than that of butter. At the same time it became clear that the one sided concentration on exterior appearance had led cattle breeding into a cul-de-sac. Consequently breeding programmes had to be developed which used new technologies in breeding, centralised milk recording and artificial insemination. At the same time, the need for a higher labour productivity encouraged the rapid spread of milking machines. To cope with the increasing number of cattle per farm, new types of stall and foddering systems were introduced and the transportation of milk from farm to factory changed fundamentally with the introduction of bulk milk tankers.
Warrants for Prescription: Analytically and Empirically Based Approaches to Improving Decision Making

Efforts to improve decision making must appeal to some source of warrant - that is, specific criteria or models for guiding and evaluating decision-making performance. We examine and compare the warrants for two approaches to decision aids, decision training, and consulting: analytically based prescription, which obtains warrant from formal models, and empirically based prescription, which obtains warrant from descriptive models of successful performance. We argue that empirically based warrants can provide a meaningful and valid basis for prescriptive intervention without committing the naturalistic fallacy (i.e., confusing what is with what ought to be) and without the use of formal deduction from first principles. We describe points of divergence as well as convergence in the types of warrant appealed to by naturalistic decision making and decision analysis, letting each approach shed light on the other, and explore the application of empirically based prescription to cognitive engineering. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of training programs to improve various aspects of naturalistic decision making.
Treelike Snarks

We study snarks whose edges cannot be covered by fewer than five perfect matchings. Esperet and Mazzuoccolo found an infinite family of such snarks, generalising an example provided by Hägglund. We construct another infinite family, arising from a generalisation in a different direction. The proof that this family has the requested property is computer-assisted. In addition, we prove that the snarks from this family (we call them treelike snarks) have circular flow number φC(G) ≥ 5 and admit a 5-cycle double cover.
The End of Exceptionalism in American Education: The Changing Politics of School Reform

Over the past fifty years, the ""special"" status of education decision-making has been eroded. Once the province of local and state school boards, decisions about schools and schooling have begun to emerge in every level and branch of government. In The End of Exceptionalism in American Education , Jeffrey R. Henig traces the roots of this tectonic shift in school governance. Carefully reasoned, astutely observed, and thoughtfully presented, this volume promises to become a classic work in our understanding of education policy and an invaluable resource for those seeking to influence its future trajectory.
Towards Merging Recursion and Comonads

Comonads are mathematical structures that account naturally for eeects that derive from the context in which a program is executed. This paper reports ongoing work on the interaction between recursion and comonads. Two applications are shown that naturally lead to versions of a comonadic fold operator on the product comonad. Both versions capture functions that require extra arguments for their computation and are related with the notion of strong datatype.
Temperature effects on metal oxide semiconductor dosimeters during switched bias irradiation

The responses to gamma-irradiation of 70 nm and 140 nm gate oxide thickness MOS dosimeters are characterized at different temperatures during oxide charge buildup and radiation induced charge neutralization. Three contributions to the threshold voltage evolution are observed at different ranges of temperatures and gate voltages: a shift in VT caused by a change in the built in potential, thermal annealing which occurs even during irradiation, and a third contribution probably associated with changes of transport or capture parameters with temperature.
Visual Prognosis of Retinoblastoma in the Posterior Pole Treated with Primary Chemotherapy Plus Local Treatments

Purpose To evaluate the visual outcomes of retinoblastoma in the posterior pole (RBPP) treated with chemotherapy plus local treatments and to address the prognostic factors that influence such outcomes. Methods The medical records of patients with RBPP diagnosed at the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital between August 1987 and September 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. Only those patients treated via primary chemotherapy plus local treatments were included. The presence of foveal involvement and tumors in the posterior pole before and after treatment, the type of regression pattern and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of each patient were evaluated. Results A total of 13 eyes in 12 patients were included. The mean final BCVA for treated RBPP was 20/210 (range, hand motion to 20/16). However, eight eyes (61.5%) had an acuity of 20/200 or better and seven eyes (53.8%) had an acuity of 20/50 or better. The mean final BCVA was significantly better in cases with negative foveal involvement; however, four eyes (37.5%) with positive foveal involvement had an acuity of 20/200 or better. Tumors area in the posterior pole and the type of regression pattern were not significantly related to final BCVA. Conclusions Over one half of the studied RBPP patients had working vision. Although the eyes had RBPP with positive foveal involvement, about one-third of the patients had working vision. Vision preservation should be considered when deciding on RBPP treatment.
Clec11a/osteolectin is an osteogenic growth factor that promotes the maintenance of the adult skeleton

Bone marrow stromal cells maintain the adult skeleton by forming osteoblasts throughout life that regenerate bone and repair fractures. We discovered that subsets of these stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and hypertrophic chondrocytes secrete a C-type lectin domain protein, Clec11a, which promotes osteogenesis. Clec11a-deficient mice appeared developmentally normal and had normal hematopoiesis but reduced limb and vertebral bone. Clec11a-deficient mice exhibited accelerated bone loss during aging, reduced bone strength, and delayed fracture healing. Bone marrow stromal cells from Clec11a-deficient mice showed impaired osteogenic differentiation, but normal adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Recombinant Clec11a promoted osteogenesis by stromal cells in culture and increased bone mass in osteoporotic mice in vivo. Recombinant human Clec11a promoted osteogenesis by human bone marrow stromal cells in culture and in vivo. Clec11a thus maintains the adult skeleton by promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors into mature osteoblasts. In light of this, we propose to call this factor Osteolectin. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18782. 001
Speech recognition error correction using maximum entropy language model

A speech interface is often required in many application environments, such as telephone-based information retrieval, car navigation systems, and user-friendly interfaces, but the low speech recognition rate makes it difficult to extend its application to new fields. We propose a domain adaptation technique via error correction with a maximum entropy language model, which is a general and elegant framework to combine higher level linguistic knowledge. Our approach has the ability to correct both semantic and lexical errors in 1-best output from the black-box style speech recognizer, and can improve the performance of speech recognition and application system. Through extensive experiments using a speechdriven in-vehicle telematics information retrieval and spoken language understanding, we demonstrate the superior performance of our approach and some advantages over previous lexical-oriented error correction approaches.
Storage Performance over Fast Ethernet, Giga Ethernet, Giga Ethernet TOE and InfiniBand

The performance of network storage systems is often limited by overheads in the I/O path, such as memory copying, network access costs, and protocol overhead. As a result, I/O remains the bottleneck for high-performance data-intensive applications. This paper examines different communication transports and their effect on network storage system’s performance. To accomplish the proposed study, we have utilized a parallel network storage system and different communication transports like Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, TOE and IP over InfiniBand (IPoIB). The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of parallel storage systems over the aforementioned transport access protocols.
Beyond the market : designing nonmarket accounts for the United States

The national income and product accounts that underlie gross domestic product (GDP), together with other key economic dataa "price and employment statisticsa " are widely used as indicators of how well the nation is doing. GDP, however, is focused on the production of goods and services sold in markets and reveals relatively little about important production in the home and other areas outside of markets. A set of satellite accountsa "in areas such as health, education, volunteer and home production, and environmental improvement or pollutiona "would contribute to a better understanding of major issues related to economic growth and societal well-being. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States hopes to encourage social scientists to make further efforts and contributions in the analysis of nonmarket activities and in corresponding data collection and accounting systems. The book illustrates new data sources and new ideas that have improved the prospects for progress.
An Approach to Select a Best Suitable Video Server

Today, many institutions begin to employ services to distribute multimedia content to their customers. Especially in the areas of tele-learning and tele-medicine, the requirements on the availability and the achieved transmission quality are very high. Therefore, multiple video servers for a particular service are distributed over the internet in order to allow the clients to choose the ’best’ one. The term ’best’ can be defined in various manners. Typically, the client uses a try-and-error based selection mechanism to choose a best fitting server. Additionally, methods have been developed to choose an optimum server based on its current load. The presented approach goes a little further. Quality of service (QoS) based mechanisms are employed for the selection process. In order to find the server which fits best for a particular service a quick check is started before the connection to the selected server is set up. This check includes the test of the availability of the server and the particular service as well as the measurement of the currently available quality of service from the server towards the client. This is done by initiating a packet stream for testing reasons only. The client analyzes the stream to calculate values such as the delay, the delay variation (the jitter), and the packet loss ratio. Based on the results of these measurements the ’best’ server can be chosen.
Identifiability Scaling Laws in Bilinear Inverse Problems

A number of ill-posed inverse problems in signal processing, like blind deconvolution, matrix factorization, dictionary learning and blind source separation share the common characteristic of being bilinear inverse problems (BIPs), i.e. the observation model is a function of two variables and conditioned on one variable being known, the observation is a linear function of the other variable. A key issue that arises for such inverse problems is that of identifiability, i.e. whether the observation is sufficient to unambiguously determine the pair of inputs that generated the observation. Identifiability is a key concern for applications like blind equalization in wireless communications and data mining in machine learning. Herein, a unifying and flexible approach to identifiability analysis for general conic prior constrained BIPs is presented, exploiting a connection to low-rank matrix recovery via lifting. We develop deterministic identifiability conditions on the input signals and examine their satisfiability in practice for three classes of signal distributions, viz. dependent but uncorrelated, independent Gaussian, and independent Bernoulli. In each case, scaling laws are developed that trade-off probability of robust identifiability with the complexity of the rank two null space. An added appeal of our approach is that the rank two null space can be partly or fully characterized for many bilinear problems of interest (e.g. blind deconvolution). We present numerical experiments involving variations on the blind deconvolution problem that exploit a characterization of the rank two null space and demonstrate that the scaling laws offer good estimates of identifiability.