Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enabling students to participate in school improvement through a Students as Researchers programme

This article explores students' potential to make a difference to their school through a Students as Researchers programme. It begins by discussing the impetus for the current increase in student voice initiatives in schools. It continues the debate around issues of student empowerment and students' identity as change agents through an analysis of the development of a Students as Researchers (SAR) programme designed to support school improvement. The article investigates the possibilities for impact offered by a stepped approach to the student research process, early planning for impact and a strong student/teacher partnership. Issues are illuminated though reference to the authors' work with Students as Researchers groups in several UK schools. The article concludes with an exploration of ways of enhancing the impact of students' work on the development of their schools.
Cancerous tweets: Socially sharing sensitive health information

Social networks provide opportunities to overshare information in a secondhand nature as information passes from primary to secondary to tertiary sources. This information can be supplemented with geographical information to obtain the approximate location of the primary information source without the primary source's consent, presenting a potential breach of privacy. Messages regarding severe illness were obtained from the popular social media site Twitter to understand how sensitive information may propagate unregulated through secondhand information sharing. Results indicate that 59% of tweets concerning severe illness are Retweets distributed without explicit consent from the primary source. A majority of these Retweets were propagated by family and friends of the primary source.
LDP-02 (Millenium).

Millennium (formerly LeukoSite) and Genentech are developing LDP-02, a humanized monoclonal antibody to the alpha4beta7 integrin receptor on leukocytes, for potential use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis [274580]. LeukoSite intended to develop iv and sc formulations of LDP-02 for acute IBD [315156]. In December 1997, Genentech entered into a collaboration with LeukoSite to develop and commercialize LDP-02 for the treatment of IBD [275395], [279420]. A phase II SBIR grant was awarded to LeukoSite in September 1996. The US $750,000 grant was used to develop LDP-02 and to conduct preclinical tests on the antibody for the treatment of IBD [218689]. In February 1999, Lehman Brothers predicted the drug had a 10% probability of reaching market. Assuming a successful launch, Lehman Brothers analysts estimated peak sales would occur in 2011 with sales at that time of US $250 million [319225].
Dynamic Neighbourhood Cellular Automata

We propose a defi nition of Cellular Automaton in which links between cells can change during the computation. This is done locally by each cell, which can reach the neighbours of its neighbours in a single computational step. We suggest that Dynamic Neighbourhood Cellular Automata can serve as a theoretical model for studying Algorithmic and Computational Complexity issues in the are of Ubiquitous Computing. We illustrate this approach by giving an optimal logarithmic time solution of the Firing Squad Synchronisation problem in our model, which is an exponential speed-up over classical Cellular Automata.
HERBIG-HARO FLOWS: Probes of Early Stellar Evolution

▪ Abstract Outflow activity is associated with all stages of early stellar evolution, from deeply embedded protostellar objects to visible young stars. Herbig-Haro (HH) objects are the optical manifestations of this powerful mass loss. Analysis of HH flows, and in particular of the subset of highly collimated HH jets, provides indirect but important insights into the nature of the accretion and mass-loss processes that govern the formation of stars. The recent recognition that HH flows may attain parsec-scale dimensions opens up the possibility of partially reconstructing the mass-ejection history of the newly born driving sources and, therefore, their mass-accretion history. Furthermore, HH flows are astrophysical laboratories for the analysis of shock structures, of hydrodynamics in collimated flows, and of their interaction with the surrounding environment. HH flows may be an important source of turbulence in molecular clouds. Recent technological developments have enabled detailed observations of outf.
Social Practice and the Evolution of Personal Environmental Values

How and why people's environmental values change is a topical research issue, with major implications for sustainability policy. However, approaches based on individualistic models have had limited success in explaining the emergence of values, or developing interventions to change them. Work drawing on social practice theory takes an alternative approach, seeing values and practice as co-constructive. This paper examines how personal environmental values evolve through performance of practice, experience within specific contexts and social interaction. Drawing on a narrative-based study of UK climate change campaigners, it aims to contribute to a much-needed dialogue between sociological and psychological approaches to environmental values.
Costly Information Acquisition: Is It Better to Toss a Coin?

This paper presents a strategic model of common value elections with endogenous information acquisition. It proves that majoritarian elections can fail to aggregate information when voters have heterogeneous skills and provides necessary and sufficient conditions for information aggregation. Inefficiencies can be partially corrected by limiting participation to the most competent citizens, a result which provides a rational foundation for epistocratic government.
PhenomeNET: a whole-phenome approach to disease gene discovery

Phenotypes are investigated in model organisms to understand and reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying disease. Phenotype ontologies were developed to capture and compare phenotypes within the context of a single species. Recently, these ontologies were augmented with formal class definitions that may be utilized to integrate phenotypic data and enable the direct comparison of phenotypes between different species. We have developed a method to transform phenotype ontologies into a formal representation, combine phenotype ontologies with anatomy ontologies, and apply a measure of semantic similarity to construct the PhenomeNET cross-species phenotype network. We demonstrate that PhenomeNET can identify orthologous genes, genes involved in the same pathway and gene–disease associations through the comparison of mutant phenotypes. We provide evidence that the Adam19 and Fgf15 genes in mice are involved in the tetralogy of Fallot, and, using zebrafish phenotypes, propose the hypothesis that the mammalian homologs of Cx36.7 and Nkx2.5 lie in a pathway controlling cardiac morphogenesis and electrical conductivity which, when defective, cause the tetralogy of Fallot phenotype. Our method implements a whole-phenome approach toward disease gene discovery and can be applied to prioritize genes for rare and orphan diseases for which the molecular basis is unknown.
Assessing the Historical Water Flow Allocation in the Lower Rio Grande between Mexico and the United States

Abstract Allocation of water resources between Mexico and the United States is a sensitive agenda in the lower Rio Grande, mainly in stages of hard drought. It has allowed surface water allocation practices to evolve and continue to be refined. This work applies the cointegration theory on historical data of water flows with the aim of showing empirical evidence on volumes of water running along the lower Rio Grande. The analysis suggests that misleading conclusions can be obtained about water distribution if the presence of structural breaks is not taken into account when assessing the fulfillment of contracts. The estimations indicate that water flows have not been constant over time; nevertheless, this pattern seems to respond to external events such as changes in the treaties, drought stages, and infrastructure conditions that possibly altered the water flows. After one structural break is controlled for, it is possible to determine that water volumes were according with the laws during 1933–2004.
State-Clusters shared cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning

To hire multiple agents cooperating to solve realworld problem with large state space, a precondition is to provide an interaction medium for knowledge exchange and share among agents. We propose an interaction medium: State-Clusters, computed from the state trajectory that the agent wandered in state space. The State-Clusters of a state includes acyclic state paths from other states to this state, which represents the state space knowledge the agent learned. The State-Clusters brings two advantages: 1) it speeds up the convergence of value function, because the refined value function of a state can immediately propagate back to every states in its State-Clusters along the state path between them instead of requiring the agent wanders these state paths again; 2) it forms the substantial interaction medium with which agents can exchange and share state space knowledge with one another. Based on the State-Clusters, we extend Q-learning to multi-agent setting, to be a new cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning approach. In this approach, each agent can use all State-Clusters produced by it and other agents to propagate refined value function to other states, even to these it never reached. This makes the value function converge faster, thus shorten the learning process. The experiments show this approach applied in two agents Q-learning outperform significantly single-agent Q-learning.
Foxc 1 controls the growth of the murine frontal bone rudiment by direct regulation of a Bmp response threshold of Msx 2

INTRODUCTION Knowing how signaling molecules elicit transcriptional responses of target genes at specific thresholds is crucial for understanding cell specification during embryonic patterning. A key element of such mechanisms is the complement of transcription factors that respond to the signal and influence the expression of downstream genes (Gurdon et al., 1995; Gurdon and Bourillot, 2001). Although a number of these factors have been identified, how their transcription regulatory activity is translated into events at the level of cell specification and patterned growth is still incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the role of Foxc1 in modulating the influence of Bmp signaling on the expression of the Bmp effector Msx2, and the specification of osteogenic precursor cells in the developing skull vault. The mammalian skull vault consists of a group of intricately patterned bones that develop in close coordination (Morriss-Kay and Wilkie, 2005; Chai and Maxson, 2006). These include the paired frontal and parietal bones. The frontal bones are derived from cranial neural crest and the parietal bones from head mesoderm. In the mouse embryo, skull vault precursor cell populations migrate into positions above the eye by E12.5. There they condense and begin to differentiate into the calvarial rudiments. From E13.5 into postnatal development, the paired frontal and parietal bone rudiments grow apically, coming into apposition at the midline at the frontal and sagittal sutures, and laterally at the coronal suture. The morphogenetic mechanisms underlying the patterned growth of the calvarial bones are under active investigation. Proliferation of osteogenic cells within the rudiments contributes to growth (Ishii et al., 2003), as does the apical migration of osteogenic precursor cells. DiI labeling experiments show that a population of such migratory osteogenic precursor (MOP) cells is located outside
Groundwater Quality Impacts from a Full‐Scale Integrated Constructed Wetland

The concept of integrated constructed wetlands (ICW) promotes in‐situ soils to construct and line wetland cells. The integrity of soil material, however, may provide a potential pathway for contaminants to flow into the underlying groundwater. This study assessed the extent of groundwater quality deterioration due to the establishment of a full‐scale ICW system treating domestic wastewater in Ireland. The ICW is located at Glaslough in Co. Monaghan, Ireland. It consists of two sedimentation ponds and a sequence of five shallow vegetated wetland cells. The ICW cells were lined with 500‐mm thick local subsoil material, which comprised a mixture of alluvium, organic soils, tills, and gravel. Groundwater samples and head data were collected from eight piezometers, which were installed around the ICW cells. The groundwater and wetland water samples were analysed for water quality parameters such as bulk organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens. Overall, the quality of groundwater underlying the ICW system recorded some contamination with bulk organic matter and some inorganic nutrients. Significantly higher contaminant concentrations were recorded in monitoring wells upgradient and near to the distal wetland cells than downgradient ones, which were near to the proximal cells. For the downgradient piezometers, concentrations seldomly exceeded the natural background levels. Detailed analyses through the application of chemometrics models indicated that the source of contamination was largely of geogenic origin. Findings suggest that ICW systems pose a minimal risk to the groundwater quality; the greatest risk was associated with the distal wetland cells.
Being a terrorist: Video game simulations of the other side of the War on Terror

Some of the most theoretically significant moments of video games set in the War on Terror occur in the rare instances when these games allow players to assume a terrorist’s point of view. This perspectival shift raises the possibility that games might offer a humanizing look at the enemies in the War on Terror and that they might give players greater insight into terrorists’ motives and ideologies. This article examines three popular video games that allow players to become terrorists: America’s Army, Modern Warfare 2, and Medal of Honor: Warfighter. The author argues that the simulated experience of being a terrorist holds the potential to deepen players’ understanding of terrorism, but that popular games ultimately deliver experiences of terrorist subjectivities that have virtually no content and that leave terrorists almost indistinguishable from the games’ heroes. The terrorists whose viewpoints are shown are portrayed as people who engage in senseless acts of violence that are disconnected from motives or grievances. This leads the games to confirm the overarching War on Terror narrative that terrorists are irrational and evil enemies who are unworthy of respect.
Diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy

The purpose of diagnostic procedure is to classify a sting reaction by history, identify the underlying pathogenetic mechanism, and identify the offending insect. Diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy thus forms the basis for the treatment. In the central and northern Europe vespid (mainly Vespula spp.) and honeybee stings are the most prevalent, whereas in the Mediterranean area stings from Polistes and Vespula are more frequent than honeybee stings; bumblebee stings are rare throughout Europe and more of an occupational hazard. Several major allergens, usually glycoproteins with a molecular weight of 10–50 kDa, have been identified in venoms of bees, vespids. and ants. The sequences and structures of the majority of venom allergens have been determined and several have been expressed in recombinant form. A particular problem in the field of cross‐reactivity are specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed against carbohydrate epitopes, which may induce multiple positive test results (skin test, in vitro tests) of still unknown clinical significance. Venom hypersensitivity may be mediated by immunologic mechanisms (IgE‐mediated or non‐IgE‐mediated venom allergy) but also by nonimmunologic mechanisms. Reactions to Hymenoptera stings are classified into normal local reactions, large local reactions, systemic toxic reactions, systemic anaphylactic reactions, and unusual reactions. For most venom‐allergic patients an anaphylactic reaction after a sting is very traumatic event, resulting in an altered health‐related quality of life. Risk factors influencing the outcome of an anaphylactic reaction include the time interval between stings, the number of stings, the severity of the preceding reaction, age, cardiovascular diseases and drug intake, insect type, elevated serum tryptase, and mastocytosis. Diagnostic tests should be carried out in all patients with a history of a systemic sting reaction to detect sensitization. They are not recommended in subjects with a history of large local reaction or no history of a systemic reaction. Testing comprises skin tests with Hymenoptera venoms and analysis of the serum for Hymenoptera venom‐specific IgE. Stepwise skin testing with incremental venom concentrations is recommended. If diagnostic tests are negative they should be repeated several weeks later. Serum tryptase should be analyzed in patients with a history of a severe sting reaction.
Biocompatibility and physical properties of doped bioactive glass ceramics.

Biocompatibility of a new bioactive glass composition for medical applications was evaluated with the addition of fluorides, such as CaF 2 and MgF 2, for the substitution of Na 2O in the conventional bioactive glass composition (SiO 2-CaO-Na 2O-P2O5). Also, the physical properties of these glass ceramics were investigated. When B 2O3 was added as a Na 2O substitution, the thermal expansion coefficient was decreased in sintered samples. Compared to the low flexural strength and Vickers hardness of sintered bioactive glass ceramics without fluoride and B 2O3 additions, new bioactive glass ceramics substituted with 10 mol% MgF 2 for Na 2O showed more higher mechanical properties.
Role of Interleukin-1&bgr; in Acute Inflammation and Graft Death After Cell Transplantation to the Heart

Background—Poor survival of grafted cells is a major factor hindering the therapeutic effect of cell transplantation; however, the causes of cell death remain unclear. We hypothesized that interleukin-1&bgr; (IL-1&bgr;) might play a role in the acute inflammatory response and graft death after cell transplantation and that inhibition of IL-1&bgr; might improve graft survival. Methods and Results—14C-labeled male skeletal muscle precursor cells were implanted into female mouse hearts by direct intramuscular injection. The amount of 14C-label provides an estimate of the surviving cell number, whereas the amount of male-specific Smcy gene measured by polymerase chain reaction indicates the total (surviving+proliferated) number of donor-derived cells. At 10 minutes after implantation, 44.8±2.4% of the grafted cells survived and this steadily decreased to 14.6±1.1% by 24 hours, and to 7.9±0.6% by 72 hours (n=6 in each point). Proliferation of the surviving cells, which began after 24 hours, resulted in an increase in the total cell number from 15.5±0.8% at 24 hours to 24.4±1.6% at 72 hours. Acute inflammation was prominent at 24 hours and was reduced by 72 hours, in parallel with IL-1&bgr; expression. Administration of anti–IL-1&bgr; antibody improved graft survival at both 24 (25.6±1.6%) and 72 hours (14.8±1.1%) and resulted in a 2-fold increase in the total cell number at 72 hours (45.8±2.4%). The effects of IL-1&bgr; inhibition corresponded with a reduced inflammatory response. Conclusion—IL-1&bgr; is involved in acute inflammation and graft death after direct intramyocardial cell transplantation. Targeted inhibition of IL-1&bgr; may be a useful strategy to improve graft survival.
Novel Molecular Subtypes of Serous and Endometrioid Ovarian Cancer Linked to Clinical Outcome

Purpose: The study aim to identify novel molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer by gene expression profiling with linkage to clinical and pathologic features. Experimental Design: Microarray gene expression profiling was done on 285 serous and endometrioid tumors of the ovary, peritoneum, and fallopian tube. K-means clustering was applied to identify robust molecular subtypes. Statistical analysis identified differentially expressed genes, pathways, and gene ontologies. Laser capture microdissection, pathology review, and immunohistochemistry validated the array-based findings. Patient survival within k-means groups was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Class prediction validated k-means groups in an independent dataset. A semisupervised survival analysis of the array data was used to compare against unsupervised clustering results. Results: Optimal clustering of array data identified six molecular subtypes. Two subtypes represented predominantly serous low malignant potential and low-grade endometrioid subtypes, respectively. The remaining four subtypes represented higher grade and advanced stage cancers of serous and endometrioid morphology. A novel subtype of high-grade serous cancers reflected a mesenchymal cell type, characterized by overexpression of N-cadherin and P-cadherin and low expression of differentiation markers, including CA125 and MUC1. A poor prognosis subtype was defined by a reactive stroma gene expression signature, correlating with extensive desmoplasia in such samples. A similar poor prognosis signature could be found using a semisupervised analysis. Each subtype displayed distinct levels and patterns of immune cell infiltration. Class prediction identified similar subtypes in an independent ovarian dataset with similar prognostic trends. Conclusion: Gene expression profiling identified molecular subtypes of ovarian cancer of biological and clinical importance.
Golf science research at the beginning of the twenty-first century

Abstract At the beginning of the twenty-first century, there are 30,000 golf courses and 55 million people who play golf worldwide. In the USA alone, the value of golf club memberships sold in the 1990s was US$3.2 billion. Underpinning this significant human activity is a wide variety of people researching and applying science to sustain and develop the game. The 11 golf science disciplines recognized by the World Scientific Congress of Golf have reported 311 papers at four world congresses since 1990. Additionally, scientific papers have been published in discipline-specific peer-reviewed journals, research has been sponsored by the two governing bodies of golf, the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St. Andrews and the United States Golf Association, and confidential research is undertaken by commercial companies, especially equipment manufacturers. This paper reviews much of this human endeavour and points the way forward for future research into golf.
Victimisation : réalité préoccupante pour les jeunes pris en charge par la DPJ

Cet article compare la violence annuellement vecue par un echantillon de jeunes (2 a 17 ans) Quebecois pris en charge par la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse (DPJ) et celle subie par les jeunes de la population generale. Les resultats demontrent que les jeunes pris en charge vivent significativement plus de violence et qu’une grande partie d’entre eux font face a de la violence chronique dans plusieurs spheres de leur vie. Les trajectoires susceptibles d’expliquer leur risque accru de victimisation et les implications pour l’intervention sont discutees. Les besoins multiples de ces jeunes soulignent l’importance de developper une vision plus holistique de leur vecu de victimisation et de leurs problemes. Une plus grande collaboration des divers intervenants et organismes impliques aupres des jeunes est susceptible de favoriser une approche moins fragmentee et une intervention mieux adaptee.