Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La reformulación de los trastornos de la personalidad en el DSM-V.

El diagnostico de los trastornos de personalidad en la actual edicion del DSM-IV implica dos aspectos centrales. El primero es el referido al concepto mismo de trastorno de la personalidad, que es definido como un patron de conductas y de experiencias internas que esta generalizado, es estable y se mantiene al menos desde la adolescencia. El segundo aspecto se refiere a la identificacion de un trastorno de personalidad en una lista de diez, con una categoria adicional de �no especifico�. Hay muchos problemas con el sistema actualmente vigente: los diferentes tipos de personalidad aparecen definidos de una forma muy pobre y hay un gran solapamiento de los criterios diagnosticos. La revision propuesta en el borrador del DSM-V resulta mas bien compleja y tiene tres caracteristicas principales: una nueva definicion de lo que es un trastorno de personalidad, centrada en los fallos de adaptacion, que implican alteraciones de la identidad o en las relaciones interpersonales efectivas; cinco categorias diagnosticas (antisocial/psicopata, evitativo, limite, obsesivo- compulsivo y esquizotipico); y una serie de seis dominios de personalidad, cada uno de los cuales con un subconjunto de facetas o rasgos. Este nuevo sistema propuesto para el diagnostico de los trastornos de la personalidad puede resultar controvertido. Por ultimo, se comentan los desafios para el proximo futuro.
Importance of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity for Cell Growth*

The intracellular redox potential, which is determined by the level of oxidants and reductants, has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cell growth. The principal intracellular reductant is NADPH, which is mainly produced by the pentose phosphate pathway through the actions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, and by 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Previous research has suggested that an increase in G6PD activity is important for cell growth. In this article, we suggest that G6PD activity plays a critical role in cell growth by providing NADPH for redox regulation. The results show the following: 1) inhibition of G6PD activity abrogated growth factor stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation in all cell lines tested; 2) overexpression of G6PD stimulated cell growth, as measured by an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporations as compared with cells transfected with vector alone; 3) inhibition of G6PD caused cells to be more susceptible to the growth inhibitory effects of H2O2; 4) inhibition of G6PD led to a 30–40% decrease in the NADPH/NADP ratio; and 5) inhibition of G6PD inhibited cell anchorage and significantly decreased the growth-related stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation.
45S rDNA external transcribed spacer organization reveals new phylogenetic relationships in Avena genus

The genus Avena comprises four distinct genomes organized in diploid (AA or CC), tetraploid (AABB or AACC) and hexaploid species (AACCDD), constituting an interesting model for phylogenetic analysis. The aim of this work was to characterize 45S rDNA intergenic spacer (IGS) variability in distinct species representative of Avena genome diversity–A. strigosa (AA), A. ventricosa (CvCv), A. eriantha (CpCp), A. barbata (AABB), A. murphyi (AACC), A. sativa (AACCDD) and A. sterilis (AACCDD) through the assessment of the 5’ external transcribed spacer (5’-ETS), a promising IGS region for phylogenetic studies poorly studied in Avena genus. In this work, IGS length polymorphisms were detected mainly due to distinct 5’-ETS sequence types resulting from major differences in the number and organization of repeated motifs. Although species with A genome revealed a 5’-ETS organization (A-organization) similar to the one previously described in A. sativa, a distinct organization was unraveled in C genome diploid species (C-organization). Interestingly, such new organization presents a higher similarity with other Poaceae species than A-genome sequences, supporting the hypothesis of C-genome being the ancestral Avena genome. Additionally, polyploid species with both genomes mainly retain the A-genome 5’-ETS organization, confirming the preferential elimination of C-genome sequences in Avena polyploid species. Moreover, 5’-ETS sequences phylogenetic analysis consistently clustered the species studied according to ploidy and genomic constitution supporting the use of ribosomal genes to highlight Avena species evolutive pathways.
Living to Die and Dying to Live: The Survival Strategy behind Leaf Senescence1

Leaf senescence is a highly dynamic process that has a major impact on crop production and quality. Senescence represents the final developmental act of the leaf, during which the leaf cell is dismantled in a coordinated manner to remobilize nutrients and to secure reproductive success. The process of senescence provides the plant with phenotypic plasticity to help it adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the factors and mechanisms that control the onset of senescence. We explain how the competence to senesce is established during leaf development, as depicted by the senescence window model. We also discuss the mechanisms by which phytohormones and environmental stresses control senescence as well as the impact of source-sink relationships on plant yield and stress tolerance. In addition, we discuss the role of senescence as a strategy for stress adaptation and how crop production and food quality could benefit from engineering or breeding crops with altered onset of senescence.
Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Immune Responses

A large number of human RNA transcripts, which do not encode proteins are defined as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These ncRNAs are divided into two classes of different lengths; short and long ncRNAs. MicroRNAs are a major class of short ncRNAs, ~22 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are more than 200 nucleotides in length and play roles in various biological pathways. In this review, we summarize the functions of lncRNAs which regulate immune responses.
An AC/DC power system with an auxiliary three-level converter under voltage sags

This study proposed an AC/DC power system with an auxiliary three-level converter. The auxiliary three-level converter provides harmonic current compensation and regeneration capability. Thus the auxiliary three-level converter can accomplish the functionalities of an active front-end converter, but with only 0.3-0.5 pu of converter rating. Furthermore, a voltage sags ride-through solution is proposed for the auxiliary three-level converter. Test results are presented to validate the performances of the proposed AC/DC power system with an auxiliary three-level converter.
Functional Heterogeneity in the Default Mode Network Edges

The brain's default mode network (DMN) has attracted tremendous attention, but its topology still lacks a substantial and operative definition. At the same time, recent efforts based on coactivation analysis suggest significant involvement of concomitant activation as an origin of synchronous activity, which is the basis of the network detection. Therefore, to establish the biological significance of the intrinsic remote connectivity, understanding such co-occurrence networks may be crucial. This study shows the results of monitoring the network's signal variation during random transitions among two divergent tasks and rest epochs. The subset of the DMN nodes showed three distinct activity levels; it was simultaneously characterized by the lack of a transition response between blocks. Additional connectivity analysis revealed components covering the other DMN nodes showing overshooting in response to a transition that were still connected to the posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), but by different signal components. The overall finding of multiple connectivity modes in the DMN provides a relevant explanation about the two seemingly contradictory characteristics of the network, robustness and variation.
The influence of self-regulated learning and prior knowledge on knowledge acquisition in computer-based learning environments

This study examined how learners construct textbase and situation model knowledge in hypertext computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) and documented the influence of specific self-regulated learning (SRL) tactics, prior knowledge, and characteristics of the learner on posttest knowledge scores from exposure to a hypertext. A sample of 160 undergraduate education majors completed measures of prior knowledge, goal orientation, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy to self-regulate learning, and a demographic survey. They were trained in the use of nStudy, a learning environment designed to facilitate self-regulated learning from web-based media including hypertext and to trace learners’ actions while they learned online. Learners completed a 20-minute study session learning about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and a posttest to assess changes in knowledge scores. Results indicate that employment of individual SRL tactics including tendency to highlight was found to be associated with increased posttest knowledge scores across learners. Goal orientation and prior knowledge also significantly predicted posttest knowledge scores in regression models. These findings can be used to inform the design and use of hypertext in order to individualize computer-based instruction and maximize knowledge acquisition for students, based upon their individual characteristics.
A linkage study of autism using multipoint sib-pair analysis

Autism is a severe developmental disorder that was first described by Kanner in 1943. It is characterised by four major criteria: marked social deficits, delay in language development, a restricted range of stereotyped repetitive behaviours and onset of the disease within the first three years of life. The last decade of research has provided support for a strong genetic basis in the aetiology of autism. Firstly, a number of genetic conditions, such as fragile X syndrome, chromosome 15 anomalies and tuberous sclerosis, have been associated with autism. Secondly, family studies have demonstrated that the recurrence risk for autism among siblings of autistic children is 50-200 times higher compared to the risk of autism in the general population (4-5 in 10 OOO births). Thirdly, twin studies show a significantly higher concordance rate among monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. To explore the theory of a biological basis of autism, molecular genetic strategies were employed in this study. Two collaborative groups (Stanford University in the U.S.A. and Edith Cowan University/Graylands Hospital in Perth, Australia) scanned the entire human genome for autism susceptibility genes in 90 American multiplex families, making this the largest genome screen in autism to date. Candidate regions were also run in an additional group of 41 Australian multiplex families. One hundred of the total of 519 markers were analysed as part of this PhD project. Since autism is most likely a complex disorder involving interacting genes with unknown modes of inheritance, non-parametric linkage analysis utilising the multipoint sib-pair approach is the best method presently available for identifying these susceptibility genes.
Mining DEOPS Records: Big Data's Insights into Dictatorship

Historical data provide valuable information for the nderstanding of human interactions through time. However, mining this data is challenging as the available records are generally noise digitized handwritten, typewritten or press printed documents. In this research proposal, we plan to develop tools and techniques for pre-processing and extracting information from documents of the military dictatorship period that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. The data to be analyzed consists of digitized images of records from DEOPS/SP (São Paulo State Department of Political and Social Order), an emblematic police agency which have monitored (and in some cases, harassed and tortured) hundreds of thousands Brazilian citizens during that period. The idea is to use state-of-the-art powerful artificial intelligence algorithms in conjunction with crowd sourcing techniques to pre-process and extract information from this important period of the Brazilian History.
Modeling and simulation on information propagation on instant messaging network based on two-layer scale-free networks with tunable clustering

Since Instant Messaging Network is one of the most important ways to propagate information, in order to monitor and forecast the propagation behaviors on Instant Messaging Network, it is necessary to study information propagation nature, discipline and methods. Scale-free network with tunable clustering can be used to build instant messaging. Based on it, we propose a new two-layer model of Instant Messaging Network, and formulate its information propagation rules as well. We have simulated this model and observed the diversification of group numbers, clustering coefficient, spreader and stifler. Results show that the more the number of group network is, the larger cluster coefficient and the higher maximum spreader and the higher final value of stifler are. Thus group network and cluster coefficient effect the information propagation.
School phobia and agoraphobia

SYSNOPSIS The incidence of past school phobia was surveyed by questionnaire in 786 women under 60 years of age who were members of an agoraphobia correspondence club. Twenty-two per cent admitted to previous school phobia, a proportion similar to that found in 57 non-agoraphobic neurotic controls. Past school phobia predicted an earlier onset of subsequent agoraphobia and a more severe psychiatric state as far as symptoms not specifically agoraphobic were concerned. Adolescent agoraphobic difficulties were more associated with school phobia than with agoraphobia in adult life. It was concluded that school phobia leads to agoraphobia in only a small proportion of cases. Although school phobia may predispose to later agoraphobia, it seems more likely that both conditions reflect a lasting tendency to neurotic illness.
Developmental regulation of subunit composition of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in neocortical neurones

NMDA receptors undergo drastic changes in their subunit composition during development of the mammalian neocortex. An increase in the expression of the NR2A subunit correlates with developmental changes in the properties of synaptic NMDA receptors. In this study, we investigated whether these developmental alterations are restricted to synaptic NMDA receptors or whether similar developmental changes also occur at extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. To analyse the properties of extrasynaptic receptors, glutamate-evoked ion currents mediated by extrasynaptic NMDA receptors were isolated by irreversibly blocking synaptic NMDA receptors with MK-801. Whole-cell ion currents mediated by extrasynaptic receptors showed developmental changes in their sensitivity against the NR2B subunit-specific antagonist ifenprodil similar to that of synaptic receptors. In summary, our results strongly suggest that NR2A subunit-containing NMDA receptors increasingly contribute also to extrasynaptic NMDA receptors during in vitro differentiation.
Domain-Specific Corpus Expansion with Focused Webcrawling

This work presents a straightforward method for extending or creating in-domain web corpora by focused webcrawling. The focused webcrawler uses statistical N-gram language models to estimate the relatedness of documents and weblinks and needs as input only N-grams or plain texts of a predefined domain and seed URLs as starting points. Two experiments demonstrate that our focused crawler is able to stay focused in domain and language. The first experiment shows that the crawler stays in a focused domain, the second experiment demonstrates that language models trained on focused crawls obtain better perplexity scores on in-domain corpora. We distribute the focused crawler as open source software.
Extended objects from warped compactifications of M theory

We study the massive spectrum of fully wrapped branes in warped M-theory compactifications, including regimes where these states are parametrically lighter than the Planck scale or string scale. We show that many such states behave classically as extended objects in the noncompact directions in the sense that their mass grows with their size as measured along the Poincare slices making up the noncompact dimensions. On the other hand these states can be quantized in a nontrivial regime: in particular their spectrum of excitations in a limited regime can be obtained by a warped Kaluza-Klein reduction from ten dimensions. We briefly discuss scattering processes and loop effects involving these states, and also note the possibility of an exponential growth in the number of bound states of these objects as a function of energy.
Constructing the Self, Constructing America. A Cultural History of Psychotherapy

PHILIP CUSHMAN: Constructing the Self, Constructing America. A Cultural History of Psychotherapy. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1995, 430 pp., $27.50. Philip Cushman, member of the core faculty of the California School of Professional Psychology, Alameda/Berkeley Campus, has alerted us for some years to the extent to which psychological theories and ensuing therapeutic practices reflect the socioeconomic, historical, and above all, political context of the era in which they arise. His massive new book Constructing the Self, Constructing America, is devoted to this important subject. The author draws a parallel between American socio-political history, mostly of the 19th and 20th century and its changing psychological theories and practices, which he views not only as reflecting, but also ultimately serving the needs of the political and economic power structure of each period. Cushman's particular interest is in the many different possible constructions of the self of each period. Indeed, a highlight of the book, and in some ways a partial review of its themes, is the Appendix: The Self in Western Society (pp. 357-87). Starting with antiquity Cushman uses historical literature to illustrate the many steps that have only recently led to " t he masterful bounded self of today" (p. 357), "a self that needs to be 'therapied'" (p. 1) and one "with.many subjective 'inner' feelings. " (p. 357). The whole book presents alternate sections of American socio-economic history and the corresponding psychic healing practices. The author demonstrates how Americans have constructed "the other," be they African-Americans, Native Americans or Communists to carry repudiated aspects of themselves. Cushman's purpose is to show the extent to which "most healing technologies in the United States have been subtly complicit in the sexims, racism, and economic injustice of their eras" (p.5). Psychotherapy, here, is not the scientifically based, value-neutral enterprise its practitioners claim it to be but instead, "a moral discourse with political consequences" (p. 281). In the course of the book we learn about the history of healing practices in the last two centuries, from the establishment, reform, and decline of asylums, (Chap. 4, Healing through Self-Domination) to Mesmerism (Chap. 5, Healing through Self-Liberation) to the history of the mental-hygiene movement, onward to "the Americanization of Psychoanalysis" (p. 117) and beyond. Cushman makes an interesting contrast between Melanie Klein who would pave the way for Object Relations and Self Psychology with the location of psychic conflict inside the self, and Harry Stack Sullivan who situated social interactions and psychological problems in "the space between people" (p. …
The Role of Apoptosis in the Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) give rise to cells of all hematopoietic lineages, many of which are short lived. HSC face developmental choices: self-renewal (remain an HSC with long-term multilineage repopulating potential) or differentiation (become an HSC with short-term multilineage repopulating potential and, eventually, a mature cell). There is a large overcapacity of differentiating hematopoietic cells and apoptosis plays a role in regulating their numbers. It is not clear whether apoptosis plays a direct role in regulating HSC numbers. To address this, we have employed a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses BCL-2 in all hematopoietic cells, including HSC: H2K-BCL-2. Cells from H2K-BCL-2 mice have been shown to be protected against a wide variety of apoptosis-inducing challenges. This block in apoptosis affects their HSC compartment. H2K-BCL-2–transgenic mice have increased numbers of HSC in bone marrow (2.4× wild type), but fewer of these cells are in the S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle (0.6× wild type). Their HSC have an increased plating efficiency in vitro, engraft at least as well as wild-type HSC in vivo, and have an advantage following competitive reconstitution with wild-type HSC.
Cyclin-dependent kinases govern formation and maintenance of the nucleolus

In higher eukaryotic cells, the nucleolus is a nuclear compartment assembled at the beginning of interphase, maintained during interphase, and disorganized during mitosis. Even if its structural organization appears to be undissociable from its function in ribosome biogenesis, the mechanisms that govern the formation and maintenance of the nucleolus are not elucidated. To determine if cell cycle regulators are implicated, we investigated the putative role of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) on ribosome biogenesis and nucleolar organization. Inhibition of CDK1–cyclin B during mitosis leads to resumption of rDNA transcription, but is not sufficient to induce proper processing of the pre-rRNA and total relocalization of the processing machinery into rDNA transcription sites. Similarly, at the exit from mitosis, both translocation of the late processing machinery and pre-rRNA processing are impaired in a reversible manner by CDK inhibitors. Therefore, CDK activity seems indispensable for the building of functional nucleoli. Furthermore, inhibition of CDKs in interphasic cells also hampered proper pre-rRNA processing and induced a dramatic disorganization of the nucleolus. Thus, we propose that the mechanisms governing both formation and maintenance of functional nucleoli involve CDK activities and couple the cell cycle to ribosome biogenesis.