Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementing Data Hiding Approach by Neural Network and Retrieval of Audio , Video and Text Files

Hiding Messages in image data, which is generally known as Steganography is used for both illegal and legal scenarios. In such applications various file formats are used as cover-object which contains confidential data. As the new research field the techniques introduces Artificial Neural Network. This newly developed technique uses Multilayer Perceptron algorithm of Neural Network for data security. Results are observed through different Media file as cover-objects. In the proposed method, MLP algorithm is implemented with traditional substitution method to obtain high embedding capacity with no visibility. The system provides confidentiality and integrity to the data during communication through open channels.
Perceptually Guided End-to-End Text-to-Speech

Several fast text-to-speech (TTS) models have been proposed for real-time processing, but there is room for improvement in speech quality. Meanwhile, there is a mismatch between the loss function for training and the mean opinion score (MOS) for evaluation, which may limit the speech quality of TTS models. In this work, we propose a method that can improve the speech quality of a fast TTS model while maintaining the inference speed. To do so, we train a TTS model using a perceptual loss based on the predicted MOS. Under the supervision of a MOS prediction model, a TTS model can learn to increase the perceptual quality of speech directly. In experiments, we train FastSpeech on our internal Korean dataset using the MOS prediction model pre-trained on the Voice Conversion Challenge 2018 evaluation results. The MOS test results show that our proposed approach outperforms FastSpeech in speech quality.
Experimental Studies of Diffusion in Olivine

Knowledge of the rates and mechanisms of diffusion in olivine can be used, among other things, to elucidate timescales of magmatic processes, determine closure temperatures of radiogenic systems, quantify the robustness of melt inclusions and aid in development of point defect models. Firstly, however, the diffusion process itself must be well understood. This is only possible when diffusion studies are closely coupled with considerations of equilibrium thermodynamics. In this thesis, the diffusion of Mg, Be, Sc, Zr, Hf, Cr, Cr, Ti, Ti and H in olivine are presented at various temperatures between 900-1600 °C, and pressures from 1 bar to 2.5 GPa under controlled oxygen fugacity, silica activity and crystal orientation. The interface concentration (at the crystal edge) of trace element diffusants should be at equilibrium with external conditions (such as silica activity, oxygen fugacity, temperature and pressure). This assumption must be satisfied in order to draw any conclusions regarding diffusion rates. The silica activity of a system affects both the concentration and diffusion rate of trace elements in olivine, with all cations (except H and Be) diffusing faster at high silica activity than when silica activity is low. Oxygen fugacity affects the diffusion rate and interface concentrations of Ti and Cr – these both (generally) diffuse faster and at higher concentrations in more reducing conditions, where Cr and Ti are more prevalent. The concentration of trivalent cations in olivine can affect their diffusion rate – the rate of Sc diffusion is positively correlated with its interface concentration. The ionic radius of cations that substitute onto the M sites in olivine strongly affect the diffusive anisotropy (the difference in diffusion coefficients between the fastest and slowest axes), relating to preferential ordering onto the M1 sites, which are aligned into closely spaced chains along one crystallographic axis. There is no apparent causal relationship between ionic charge and diffusivity of M-site cations in olivine. More important are atomic mass, site preference and ionic radii. Taken together, the results from these studies show firstly that diffusion in olivine is more complex than previously thought, and secondly that the effect of thermodynamic variables must be considered when studying diffusion.
Massively Distributed Authorship of Academic Papers

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE THIS PAGE Tomlinso, B, Ross, J, Andre, P, Baumer, E, Patterson, D, Corneli, J, Mauhaux, m, Nobarany, S, Lazzari, M, Penzenstadler, B, torrance, a, Callele, D, Olson, G, Silberman, S, Stander, M, Palamedi, F, Salah, A, Morrill, E, Franch, X, Mueller, F, Kaye, J, Black, R, Cohn, M, Shih, P, Brewer, J, Goyal, N, Nakki, P, Huang, J, Baghaei, N and Sapher, C 2012, 'Massively distributed authorship of academic papers', in Joseph A. Konstan (ed.) CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, United States, 05-10 May 2012, pp. 11-20. http://researchbank.rmit. edu.au/view/rmit:15722 Accepted Manuscript 2012 ACM
Estimating transmissivity fields and their influence on flow and transport: The case of Champagne mounts

This paper presents a flexible and general methodology that combines hydrogeological and geostatistical modeling techniques to estimate a set of transmissivity fields and their influence on flow and transport. The methodology may be applied to any case with only hydraulic head observations, even if most of them are concentrated inside a small part of the entire domain of interest. It is applied here to the case of the Champagne chalk aquifer (France), where it is shown to be very efficient. The methodology is decomposed in three independent parts. First, a reference head distribution is constructed by kriging in order to constrain the inverse problem. As hydraulic heads and elevations are correlated, a smoothed digital elevation model is used as external drift. The inverse problem is then solved by using a simplified pilot point method with an efficient and easy‐to‐use minimization algorithm. Finally, geostatistical simulations combined with flow simulations lead to a set of acceptable transmissivity fields. The induced uncertainty is evaluated by calculating tracer concentrations, pointing out areas where flow behavior is uncertain and where new borings would be advantageously drilled.
Computers in Human Behavior

Research on social in ﬂ uence shows that di ﬀ erent patterns take place when this phenomenon happens within computer-mediated-communication (CMC), if compared to face-to-face interaction. Informational social in ﬂ u-ence can still easily take place also by means of CMC, however normative in ﬂ uence seems to be more a ﬀ ected by the environmental characteristics. Di ﬀ erent authors have theorized that deindividuation nulli ﬁ es the e ﬀ ects of normative in ﬂ uence, but the Social Identity Model of Deindividuation E ﬀ ects theorizes that users will conform even when deindividuated, but only if social identity is made salient. The two typologies of social in ﬂ uence have never been studied in comparison, therefore in our work, we decided to create an online experiment to observe how the same variables a ﬀ ect them, and in particular how deindividuation works in both cases. The 181 experimental subjects that took part, performed 3 tasks: one aiming to elicit normative in ﬂ uence, and two semantic tasks created to test informational in ﬂ uence. Entropy has been used as a mathematical assessment of information availability. Our results show that normative in ﬂ uence becomes almost ine ﬀ ective within CMC (1.4% of conformity) when subjects are deindividuated. Informational in ﬂ uence is generally more e ﬀ ective than normative in ﬂ uence within CMC (15 – 29% of conformity), but similarly to normative in ﬂ uence, it is inhibited by deindividuation.
AIS Electronic

User profiling using big data raises critical issues regarding personal data and privacy. Until recently, privacy studies were focused on the control of personal data; due to big data analysis, however, new privacy issues have emerged with unidentified implications. This paper identifies and investigates privacy threats that stem from data-driven profiling using a multi-level approach: individual, group and society, to analyze the privacy implications stemming from the generation of new knowledge used for automated predictions and decisions. We also argue that mechanisms are required to protect the privacy interests of groups as entities, independently of the interests of their individual members. Finally, this paper discusses privacy threats resulting from the cumulative effect of big data profiling.
When Paul Berg meets Donald Crothers: an achiral connection through protein biosynthesis

Abstract Outliers in scientific observations are often ignored and mostly remain unreported. However, presenting them is always beneficial since they could reflect the actual anomalies that might open new avenues. Here, we describe two examples of the above that came out of the laboratories of two of the pioneers of nucleic acid research in the area of protein biosynthesis, Paul Berg and Donald Crothers. Their work on the identification of D-aminoacyl-tRNA deacylase (DTD) and ‘Discriminator hypothesis’, respectively, were hugely ahead of their time and were partly against the general paradigm at that time. In both of the above works, the smallest and the only achiral amino acid turned out to be an outlier as DTD can act weakly on glycine charged tRNAs with a unique discriminator base of ‘Uracil’. This peculiar nature of glycine remained an enigma for nearly half a century. With a load of available information on the subject by the turn of the century, our work on ‘chiral proofreading’ mechanisms during protein biosynthesis serendipitously led us to revisit these findings. Here, we describe how we uncovered an unexpected connection between them that has implications for evolution of different eukaryotic life forms.
Recent Changes in Patterns of Mammal Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Worldwide

We reviewed information about mammals naturally infected by highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus subtype H5N1 during 2 periods: the current panzootic (2020–2023) and previous waves of infection (2003–2019). In the current panzootic, 26 countries have reported >48 mammal species infected by H5N1 virus; in some cases, the virus has affected thousands of individual animals. The geographic area and the number of species affected by the current event are considerably larger than in previous waves of infection. The most plausible source of mammal infection in both periods appears to be close contact with infected birds, including their ingestion. Some studies, especially in the current panzootic, suggest that mammal-to-mammal transmission might be responsible for some infections; some mutations found could help this avian pathogen replicate in mammals. H5N1 virus may be changing and adapting to infect mammals. Continuous surveillance is essential to mitigate the risk for a global pandemic.
Intercomparison of a Lumped Model and a Distributed Model for Streamflow Simulation in the Naoli River Watershed, Northeast China

Water supply availability has significant impacts on the biggest base for commodity grain production: The Sanjiang Plain in northeast China. The SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model and IHACRES (identification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evapotranspiration and streamflow data) model were used for modelling streamflow variability in the upper Naoli River watershed to determine the applicability of hydrological models to the marsh rivers. Both the SWAT and IHACRES models were suitable for streamflow simulation, having R2 (coefficient of determination) and NS (Nash–Sutcliffe) values greater than 0.7, and PBIAS (percent bias) smaller than 25%. The IHACRES model was easy to use, with less data-preparation, and was found to be a better choice for runoff simulation in a watershed less affected by human activity. The simulation result was better in primeval times, i.e., 1956–1966, than the period 1967–2005, when its performance was found to be unfavorable. In contrast, the complex, processes-based SWAT model was found to be more appropriate for simultaneously simulating streamflow variability. In addition, the effects of land use change and human activities in the watershed—where agricultural activities are intensive—were evaluated. The study found that the SWAT model was potentially suitable for water resource planning and management.
A signal-detection account of item-based and ensemble-based visual change detection: A reply to Harrison, McMaster, and Bays

Growing empirical evidence shows that ensemble information (e.g., the average feature or feature variance of a set of objects) affects visual working memory for individual items. Recently, Harrison, McMaster, and Bays (2021) used a change detection task to test whether observers explicitly rely on ensemble representations to improve their memory for individual objects. They found that sensitivity to simultaneous changes in all memorized items (which also globally changed set summary statistics) rarely exceeded a level predicted by the so-called optimal summation model within the signal-detection framework. This model implies simple integration of evidence for change from all individual items and no additional evidence coming from ensemble. Here, we argue that performance at the level of optimal summation does not rule out the use of ensemble information. First, in two experiments, we show that, even if evidence from only one item is available at test, the statistics of the whole memory set affect performance. Second, we argue that optimal summation itself can be conceptually interpreted as one of the strategies of holistic, ensemble-based decision. We also redefine the reference level for the item-based strategy as the so-called “minimum rule,” which predicts performance far below the optimum. We found that that both our and Harrison et al. (2021)’s observers consistently outperformed this level. We conclude that observers can rely on ensemble information when performing visual change detection. Overall, our work clarifies and refines the use of signal-detection analysis in measuring and modeling working memory.
Immune Profiling of Vulvar Squamous Cell Cancer Discovers a Macrophage-rich Subtype Associated with Poor Prognosis

Abstract The incidence rates of vulvar squamous cell cancer (VSCC) have increased over the past decades, requiring personalized oncologic approaches. Currently, lymph node involvement is a key factor in determining prognosis and treatment options. However, there is a need for additional immune-related biomarkers to provide more precise treatment and prognostic information. Here, we used IHC and expression data to characterize immune cells and their spatial distribution in VSCC. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified distinct immune subtypes, of which the macrophage-rich subtype was associated with adverse outcome. This is consistent with our findings of increased lymphogenesis, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement associated with high macrophage infiltration. Further in vitro studies showed that VSCC-associated macrophages expressed VEGF-A and subsequently induced VEGF-A in the VSCC cell line A-431, providing experimental support for a pro-lymphangiogenic role of macrophages in VSCC. Taken together, immune profiling in VSCC revealed tumor processes, identified a subset of patients with adverse outcome, and provided a valuable biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic decision making for anti-VEGF treatment, ultimately contributing to the advancement of precision medicine in VSCC. Significance: Immunoprofiling in VSCC reveals subtypes with distinct clinical and biological behavior. Of these, the macrophage-rich VSCC subtype is characterized by poor clinical outcome and increased VEGF-A expression, providing a biomarker for risk stratification and therapeutic sensitivity.
Revealing the preservation of First World War shell hole landscapes based on a landscape change study and LiDAR

ABSTRACT The surface scars of the First World War (WWI; 1914–1918) are rapidly disappearing due to modern and fast changing landscapes. Therefore, there is a need to monitor landscape relicts that mark our past. This study examines depressions caused by shelling. These shell holes are still present today and are one of the last remains of the military impact during the 4 years long stalemate on the Western Front. Shell hole landscapes are until now overlooked in landscape research and little attention is given to the causes behind the absence or presence of these shell holes in the present-day micro-topography. This paper aims to identify these causes by using digital interdisciplinary techniques on a landscape scale: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) giving insights into the presence of the shell holes today, landscape maps indicating the evolution of land use/land cover in the past century and a shell hole density map representing the situation of 1918. Results revealed that the WWI shell hole landscape is still abundantly present today, and where it has disappeared, a direct link was found to land use/land cover transformations and the intensity level of cultivated fields from past to present. To work towards a sustainable management of WWI heritage, these findings are indispensable.
Multi-Optical Network on Chip for Large Scale MPSoC

Optical Network on Chip (ONoC) architectures are emerging as promising contenders to solve bandwidth and latency issues in MPSoC. However, current optical interconnect on-chip integration technologies allows to interconnect only dozens of IPs. Scaling with MPSoCs composed by hundreds of IPs thus relies on unpredictable technological innovations. In this work, we propose a method combining multiple ONoCs. Each ONoC is small enough to rely on already existing and proved technologies. We evaluate the approach on various interconnect scenarios, showing that it allows scaling with large MPSoC architectures.
Genomic epidemiology and ceftazidime-avibactam high-level resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China from 2010 to 2022

ABSTRACT Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance is a huge threat in the clinic; however, the underlying mechanism responsible for high-level CZA resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolates remains unknown. In this study, a total of 5,763 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from 2010 to 2022 to investigate the ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) high-level resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolates in China. Fifty-six PER-producing isolates were identified, including 50 isolates carrying blaPER-1 in PA, and 6 isolates carrying blaPER-4. Of these, 82.1% (46/56) were classified as DTR-PA isolates, and 76.79% (43/56) were resistant to CZA. Importantly, blaPER-1 and blaPER-4 overexpression led to 16-fold and >1024-fold increases in the MICs of CZA, respectively. WGS revealed that the blaPER-1 gene was located in two different transferable IncP-2-type plasmids and chromosomes, whereas blaPER-4 was found only on chromosomes and was carried by a class 1 integron embedded in a Tn6485-like transposon. Overexpression of efflux pumps may be associated with high-level CZA resistance in blaPER-1-positive strains. Kinetic parameter analysis revealed that PER-4 exhibited a similar kcat/Km with ceftazidime and a high (∼3359-fold) IC50 value with avibactam compared to PER-1. Our study found that overexpression of PER-1 combined with enhanced efflux pump expression and the low affinity of PER-4 for avibactam contributes to high-level resistance to CZA. Additionally, the Tn6485-like transposon plays a significant role in disseminating blaPER. Urgent active surveillance is required to prevent the further spread of high-level CZA resistance in DTR-PA isolates.
Help-Seeking, Support, and Engagement in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Online Communities on Facebook: Content Analysis

Background The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has drastically risen in recent years. For some, self-management includes the use of GDM online communities on Facebook. Such communities can fill gaps in information and support that participants are not able to access elsewhere to address unmet needs. Given the popularity of sharing information about pregnancy on Facebook and the documented benefits of diabetes online communities, the same may be true of GDM online communities. Objective This study aimed to categorize and quantify what is being discussed in GDM Facebook groups, including informational and emotional help-seeking behavior, and how this support and engagement may be demonstrated by peers through comments and reactions. Methods We sourced the data from the 2 largest Facebook groups focused on GDM in Australia. A summative content analysis was conducted on original posts across the 2 groups and coded for topics as well as help-seeking types. The coding scheme was based on the previous work of Liang and Scammon. Visible indicators of engagement, including the number of comments and “reactions,” were tabled and manually evaluated. Results There were 388 original posts, and the analysis produced 6 topics: GDM self-management (199/388, 51.3%), GDM clinical management (120/388, 30.9%), preparing for birth (40/388, 10.3%), mental distress (35/388, 9%), birth announcement (29/388, 7.5%), and GDM journey reflections (21/388, 5.4%). Secondary coding of help-seeking type revealed more than half of the posts were informational help-seeking (224/388, 57.7%), while a small proportion were both informational and emotional help-seeking (44/388, 11.3%), and some (12/388, 3.1%) were emotional help-seeking only. Self-disclosure was identified as a fourth category, comprising almost a quarter of all posts (90/388, 23.2%). A total of 6022 comments were posted in response to the original posts, and there were 4452 reactions across all posts. Emotional help-seeking attracted the most comments per thread (mean 21.5, SD 19.8), followed by informational and emotional help-seeking (mean 20.2, SD 14.7), informational help-seeking (mean 15.6, SD 14.6), and self-disclosure (mean 14.3, SD 21.8). Across all help-seeking categories, few reactions occurred compared to comments; in contrast, self-disclosure attracted a large number of reactions (mean 9.4, SD 45.3). Conclusions This is one of the first studies to examine peer support in a GDM online community on Facebook. Our findings suggest that active participants’ needs around information and support in relation to GDM are being somewhat met by peer-led online communities. Given the practical limitations of formal health care, including the provision of ongoing social support, it is important to recognize how GDM online communities can complement formal health care and help address unmet needs.
Right anterior mini-thoracotomy aortic valve replacement versus transcatheter aortic valve implantation in octogenarians: a single center experience: a retrospective study.

Background The aim of this study was to compare the early outcomes of octogenarians undergoing minimally invasive right anterior mini-thoracotomy aortic valve replacement (RAT-AVR) with those undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic valve disease. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, data were collected from octogenarians before and after RAT-AVR and TAVI between January 2021 and July 2022. Short-term outcomes, including the length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, all-cause mortality, and other major postoperative complications, were compared and analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality, stroke, acute kidney dysfunction requiring renal replacement therapy, length of intensive care unit stay, or length of hospital stay. However, the TAVI group had a higher incidence of permanent pacemaker insertion (10% vs. 0%, p=0.54) and paravalvular leaks (75% vs. 0%, p<0.001). Conclusion In the present study on octogenarians, both TAVI and RAT-AVR showed comparable short-term results. Although both procedures were considered safe and effective in the selected group, RAT-AVR had a lower incidence of complete atrioventricular block and paravalvular regurgitation.