Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation into the dynamic relationships between global economic uncertainty and price volatilities of commodities, raw materials, and energy

Purpose This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the relationship between global economic uncertainty and price volatility, specifically focusing on commodity, industrial materials and energy price indices as proxies for global inflation, analyzing data from 1997 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach The dynamic conditional correlation generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model is used to study the dynamic relationship between variables over a while. Findings The results demonstrated a positive relationship between commodity prices and the global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU). Except for 1999–2000 and 2006–2008, the results of the energy price index model were very similar to those of the commodity price index. A predominant positive relationship is observed focusing on the connection between GEPU and the industrial material price index. The results of the pairwise Granger causality reveal a unidirectional relationship between the GEPU – the Global Commodity Price Index – and the GEPU – the Global Industrial Material Price Index. However, there is bidirectional causality between the GEPU – the Global Energy Price Index. In sum, changes in price indices can be driven by GEPU as a political factor indicating unfavorable economic conditions. Originality/value This paper provides a deeper understanding of the role of global uncertainty in the global inflation process. It fills the gap in the literature by empirically investigating the dynamic movements of global uncertainty and the three most important groups of prices.
Time-dependent Photoionization Modeling of Warm Absorbers: High-resolution Spectra and Response to Flaring Light Curves

Time-dependent photoionization modeling of warm absorber (WA) outflows in active galactic nuclei can play an important role in understanding the interaction between WAs and the central black hole. The WA may be out of the equilibrium state because of the variable nature of the central continuum. In this paper, with the help of time dependent photoionization modeling, we study how the WA gas properties change with time and how it reacts to changing radiation fields. Incorporating a flaring incident light curve, we investigate the behavior of WAs using a photoionization code that simultaneously and consistently solves the time-dependent equations of level population, heating and cooling, and radiative transfer. We simulate the physical processes in the gas clouds, such as ionization, recombination, heating, cooling, and the transfer of ionizing radiation through the cloud and present high-resolution time-resolved absorption spectra. We demonstrate that time-dependent radiative transfer is important and the calculations that omit this effect quantitatively and systematically underestimate the absorption. Time-dependent photoionization models provide crucial insights into the characteristics of WAs and can be used to constrain their density and spatial distribution.
A review of water fault diagnosis of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are well-known as efficiency, affordability, and environmental friendliness. However, inadequate dependability and poor durability are significant concerns that limit their development. The two most frequent errors are flooding and drying. Consequently, a correct diagnosis of these two PEMFC defects is required. In this work, we outline the diagnosis approaches for PEMFC flooding and drying faults, with a focus on model-based methods, experimental methods, and data-driven methods. We summarize and examine online diagnosis methods based on data generated for flooding and drying problems, along with the diagnostic performance, benefits, and drawbacks of various diagnostic procedures. We propose relevant suggestions and prospects, such as setting up real vehicle operating conditions, developing high-power and multi-stack flooding and drying diagnosis technologies, optimizing fault location techniques in multiple stacks, and enhancing the adaptive performance of fault diagnosis techniques, given the limitations of current fault diagnosis techniques for flooding and drying in PEMFCs. These suggestions provide a reference for promoting the commercialization of PEMFCs.
Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Mangosteen Pericarp and Its Associated Molecular Signatures in Endothelial Cells

The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp is known to be rich in potent bioactive phytochemical compounds such as xanthones, which possess pharmacologically important antioxidant activity and beneficial cardiometabolic properties. Mangosteen pericarp is typically classified as unavoidable food waste and discarded, despite being rich in bioactive phytochemical compounds that therefore present an exciting opportunity for valorization. Thus, this study aims to extract phytochemical compounds from mangosteen pericarp using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and determine its biological effects in endothelial cells using RNA sequencing. Liquid chromatography with MS/MS (LC/MSMS) and UV detection (LC/UV) was subsequently used to identify three key phytochemical compounds extracted from the mangosteen pericarp: α-Mangostin, γ-Mangostin, and Gartanin. Within the tested range of extraction temperatures by PHWE, our results demonstrated that an extraction temperature of 120 °C yielded the highest concentrations of α-Mangostin, γ-Mangostin, and Gartanin with a concomitant improvement in antioxidant capacity compared to other extraction temperatures. Using global transcriptomic profiling and bioinformatic analysis, the treatment of endothelial cells with mangosteen pericarp extracts (120 °C PHWE) for 48 h caused 408 genes to be differentially expressed. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that key biological processes related to “steroid biosynthesis and metabolism”, likely involving the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway, were upregulated by mangosteen pericarp extract treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests a green extraction method to valorize phytochemical compounds from mangosteen pericarp as a natural product with potential beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health.
Advancing Decentralized IoT with Privacy-preserving AI: Harnessing Federated Learning and NLP Techniques

This study introduces a cross-platform application built on the Flutter framework that employs federated learning (FL) and natural language processing (NLP) for personalized event discovery. The system includes an NLP-based chatbot and utilizes a second-generation Matrix homeserver known as Dendrite for decentralized communication. The system design is configured to ensure data privacy. The FL model runs on users’ devices, employing data such as browsing history and application usage patterns to build user-interest profiles and provide personalized event suggestions. A practical use case underscores the implementation of end-to-end encrypted communication, indicating the system’s commitment to ensuring privacy and security. The integration of FL and NLP into an IoT context demonstrates a significant advancement in privacy-preserving, personalized applications.
5 and L Shaped ACS Fed MIMO Antenna with Improved Isolation and Diversity Metrics

An antenna having the ability of operating in 2.19GHz – 2.38 GHz, 3.37GHz – 3.65 GHz and 4.73GHz – 6.69 GHz bandwidths is recommended in this paper. The capability of the designed antenna is attained using 5 and L shape. This MIMO antenna is designed with $53\times 53\times 1.6\ mm^{3}$ configuration to control the capacity of the system. The interference and impedance matching of the system is controlled by the orthogonal positioning of elements and it is presented as return loss graph with a value ¡−15 dB. The results section presents the designed antenna performance in the graphs of gain, efficiency and radiation patterns. For the detailed control of antenna the diversity metrics like ECC, MEG, CCL, TARC and DG are presented with graphs having acceptable ranges.
LILO: Learning Interpretable Libraries by Compressing and Documenting Code

While large language models (LLMs) now excel at code generation, a key aspect of software development is the art of refactoring: consolidating code into libraries of reusable and readable programs. In this paper, we introduce LILO, a neurosymbolic framework that iteratively synthesizes, compresses, and documents code to build libraries tailored to particular problem domains. LILO combines LLM-guided program synthesis with recent algorithmic advances in automated refactoring from Stitch: a symbolic compression system that efficiently identifies optimal lambda abstractions across large code corpora. To make these abstractions interpretable, we introduce an auto-documentation (AutoDoc) procedure that infers natural language names and docstrings based on contextual examples of usage. In addition to improving human readability, we find that AutoDoc boosts performance by helping LILO's synthesizer to interpret and deploy learned abstractions. We evaluate LILO on three inductive program synthesis benchmarks for string editing, scene reasoning, and graphics composition. Compared to existing neural and symbolic methods - including the state-of-the-art library learning algorithm DreamCoder - LILO solves more complex tasks and learns richer libraries that are grounded in linguistic knowledge.
Determination of the Earthquake Source Parameters in the Aswan Area, Egypt

The Aswan region is seismically active, according to Egypt's seismotectonic studies. This region served as the epicenter of the November 14, 1981, ML, 5.5 earthquake that seriously destroyed Aswan and the neighborhood. The source parameters of Aswan earthquakes that occurred between 2014 and 2018 and had ML magnitudes of 2.8 to 3.9 are identified in this study using spectral inversion. To construct the spectrum analysis code, the authors acquired the seismic analysis code (SAC) and MATLAB. We determined the source parameters (seismic moment, static stress drop, and source radius) and their scaling relations using the displacement source spectra from P-waves. If the activities in this area are technically created or caused by the Nasser Lake, it can be determined by a comparison with regional cases using stress reduction. The main conclusion is that the source radius ranges from (407-790) m, the corner frequencies of the examined events range from (3.6-6.9) Hz, stress decrease, and (0.04-6.7) bar, and the seismic moment ranges from (3.22E+19-2.88E+21) dyne-cm. These results are mostly in agreement with earlier studies done in the same seismic zone. Although the anticipated stress declines are not depth-dependent, they can occasionally be greater where the N-S and E-W trend fault systems converge. However, reservoir-induced activity might have a low stress drop when compared to earthquakes with tectonic
Conditional gradients for total variation regularization with PDE constraints: a graph cuts approach

Total variation regularization has proven to be a valuable tool in the context of optimal control of differential equations. This is particularly attributed to the observation that TV-penalties often favor piecewise constant minimizers with well-behaved jumpsets. On the downside, their intricate properties significantly complicate every aspect of their analysis, from the derivation of first-order optimality conditions to their discrete approximation and the choice of a suitable solution algorithm. In this paper, we investigate a general class of minimization problems with TV-regularization, comprising both continuous and discretized control spaces, from a convex geometry perspective. This leads to a variety of novel theoretical insights on minimization problems with total variation regularization as well as tools for their practical realization. First, by studying the extremal points of the respective total variation unit balls, we enable their efficient solution by geometry exploiting algorithms, e.g. fully-corrective generalized conditional gradient methods. We give a detailed account on the practical realization of such a method for piecewise constant finite element approximations of the control on triangulations of the spatial domain. Second, in the same setting and for suitable sequences of uniformly refined meshes, it is shown that minimizers to discretized PDE-constrained optimal control problems approximate solutions to a continuous limit problem involving an anisotropic total variation reflecting the fine-scale geometry of the mesh.
Efficiency Assessment of Mobile Game-based Learning based on Fingerstroke Level Model (FLM)

The development of digital games, including digital game-based learning (DGBL), has rapidly grown over the past decade. DGBL is an alternative learning model that aims to increase student motivation and analyze the learning process. However, subjective assessments are commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of DGBL, which has limitations, particularly in measuring player motivation in real-time during gameplay. Objective assessment approaches, such as the Fingerstroke Level Model (FLM), which quantitatively measures the speed of a user in completing a task based on the interface design, are necessary to evaluate usability features. The FLM has been implemented in educational games on mobile touch input devices and provides objective feedback for users and game-based learning developers. This research focuses on the efficiency of digital game-based learning that has been developed, whether it meets the standards of stakeholders and game developers. The results of the study show that there are several operators that are not applied by the user ideally, but with the leveling of these operators the efficiency increases because of the learning process at each level.
Efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

At present, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often applied to patients who are not suitable or are unwilling to undergo surgical treatment. However, to the best of our knowledge, the efficacy and safety of HAIC combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in HCC have not been fully demonstrated. Published studies involving the treatment of patients with HCC with HAIC, ICIs and TKIs were searched from public databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Sinomed. Efficacy and safety data for each study, including progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events (AEs) were collected. The present study included 17 treatment groups from 15 studies, including 1,987 patients with HCC in the systematic review. The target population was dominated by those unsuitable for surgical treatment, with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B or C, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2 and Child-Pugh score A or B. The results showed that the longest estimated median PFS (95% CI) in the HAIC + ICI/TKI therapy group (group C) was 9.37 months (95% CI, 6.81–11.93); in the HAIC therapy group (group B) was 7.45 months (95% CI, 6.45–8.46); and in the ICIs + other systemic therapies group (group A) was 5.92 months (95% CI, 5.31–6.54). There was no significant difference in the expected OS among the three groups, which may be because OS events were not reached in numerous studies during the follow-up time. The incidence of treatment-related adverse effects, such as increased AST [14/221 (6.33%)], increased ALT [13/221 (5.88%)], and decreased platelet count [13/221 (5.88%)], was not significantly increased in group C when compared with groups A or B (P>0.05). In conclusion, the effectiveness of HAIC + ICI/TKI for the treatment of advanced HCC was better than that of ICIs + other systemic therapies or HAIC alone. In addition, the incidence of AEs above grade 3 was not significantly higher compared with that in the other treatment groups, and the safety profile was good.
A Qualitative Exploration of Perceived Medication Adherence Determinants Conducted Among Older Adults with HIV and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background People living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Both chronic conditions require individuals to adhere to medication regimens, yet few studies have sought to explore medication-taking behaviors among individuals with comorbid HIV and T2DM (HIV+T2DM). Objective This qualitative study sought to: 1) identify and compare perceived determinants of medication adherence for HIV and, separately, for T2DM, and 2) explore how participants prioritize conditions. Methods Between October 2022 and January 2023, we conducted in-depth interviews with individuals aged 50 or older, living with comorbid HIV+T2DM. Participants were prescribed oral medications to treat their conditions and had recent clinical measures indicating probable challenges with medication adherence. Interviews with consented participants from a large academic health center in the Midwest were conducted remotely. Questions largely drew from the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a widely used implementation science framework. Additional questions explored the prioritization of conditions. Analysis employed the Framework Method and a side-by-side comparison of key determinants of medication adherence by condition. Results A total of 19 interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Participants were an average age of 61, mostly male (89.5%), and Non-Hispanic White (47.4%). Although results revealed many commonalities between perceived determinants of medication adherence for HIV and for T2DM, differences relating to two TDF domains were noted: nature of the behavior (taking medications as prescribed), and motivations and goals. Many participants viewed their conditions as equally important, though they suggested T2DM was more difficult to manage, largely due to lifestyle modifications. Conclusion As individuals with HIV develop chronic conditions, such as T2DM, they may require additional medication adherence support. Attention should be paid to offering support early. Disease perceptions may differ by condition, and as such, one’s motivations to take medication as prescribed may also differ by condition.
Basin scale controls on CO2 and CH4 emissions from the Upper Mississippi River

The Upper Mississippi River, engineered for river navigation in the 1930s, includes a series of low‐head dams and navigation pools receiving elevated sediment and nutrient loads from the mostly agricultural basin. Using high‐resolution, spatially resolved water quality sensor measurements along 1385 river kilometers, we show that primary productivity and organic matter accumulation affect river carbon dioxide and methane emissions to the atmosphere. Phytoplankton drive CO2 to near or below atmospheric equilibrium during the growing season, while anaerobic carbon oxidation supports a large proportion of the CO2 and CH4 production. Reductions of suspended sediment load, absent of dramatic reductions in nutrients, will likely further reduce net CO2 emissions from the river. Large river pools, like Lake Pepin, which removes the majority of upstream sediments, and large agricultural tributaries downstream that deliver significant quantities of sediments and nutrients, are likely to persist as major geographical drivers of greenhouse gas emissions.
Ten Issues for Updating in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: An Expert Review

Community-acquired pneumonia represents the third-highest cause of mortality in industrialized countries and the first due to infection. Although guidelines for the approach to this infection model are widely implemented in international health schemes, information continually emerges that generates controversy or requires updating its management. This paper reviews the most important issues in the approach to this process, such as an aetiologic update using new molecular platforms or imaging techniques, including the diagnostic stewardship in different clinical settings. It also reviews both the Intensive Care Unit admission criteria and those of clinical stability to discharge. An update in antibiotic, in oxygen, or steroidal therapy is presented. It also analyzes the management out-of-hospital in CAP requiring hospitalization, the main factors for readmission, and an approach to therapeutic failure or rescue. Finally, the main strategies for prevention and vaccination in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts are reviewed.
Geographical Aspects of the First International Polar Year, 1882–1883

marks the centennial of a milestone event in the history of scientific research in the polar regions, the First International Polar Year. A total of 14 stations was established in the polar regions by 12 different nations, along with a number of subsidiary stations. Focusing primarily on meteorology, geomagnetism, and auroral studies, scientists at these stations car- ried out a standardized, synchronized program of observations for a full calendar year. In terms of the geographical spinoff from the project, several of the expeditions made notable contri- butions in the area of exploration and mapping, particularly the American expedition to Elles- mere Island and the French expedition to Cab0 de Hornos (Cape Horn). The meteorological program naturally produced a wealth of raw data, which are now of great value as a basis for comparisons. Although geomorphology was not part of the official program, several of the scientists made very useful observations, particularly in the area of periglacial forms and pro- cesses. Concerning the marine environment the Dutch expedition, whose ship was adrift in the ice of the Kara Sea for the entire year, contributed very valuable observations on the nature and behavior of sea ice. Its oceanographic contribution was also extremely significant, as was that of the French expedition to Cab0 de Hornos. Scientists from several of the expeditions also made extensive and valuable pioneer observations of the indigenous peoples in their re- spective areas. Worthy of particular mention here are studies of the Eskimo of the North Slope by the American expedition to Point Barrow, of the Inuit of Cumberland Sound by a scientist with the German expedition to Baffin Island, and of the Yahgan Indians of Tierra del Fuego by the French expedition to Cab0 de Hornos.