Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TO BALANCE OR UNBALANCE LOAD IN SIZE-INTERVAL TASK ALLOCATION

Server farms, consisting of a collection of hosts and a front-end router that dispatches incoming jobs to hosts, are now commonplace. It is well known that when job service requirements (job sizes) are highly variable, then the Size-Interval task assignment policy is an excellent rule for assigning jobs to hosts, since it provides isolation for short jobs by directing short jobs to one host's queue and long jobs to another host's queue. What is not understood is how to classify a “short” job versus a “long” job. For a long time it was believed that the size cutoff separating “short” jobs from “long” ones should be chosen to balance the load at the hosts in the server farm. However, recent literature has provided empirical evidence that load balancing is not always optimal for minimizing mean response time. This article provides the first analytical criteria for when it is preferable to unbalance load between two hosts using Size-Interval task assignment and in which direction the load should be unbalanced. Some very simple sufficient criteria are provided under which we prove that the short job host should be underloaded, and likewise for the long job host. These criteria are then used to prove that the direction of load imbalance depends on moment index properties related to the job size distribution. For example, under the Bounded Pareto (BP) job size distribution with parameter α and a sufficiently high upper bound (the BP is well known to be a good model of empirical computer system workloads), we show that α determines the direction of load imbalance. For α<1, the short job host should be underloaded; for α=1, load should be balanced; and for α>1, the long job host should be underloaded. Many other job size distributions are considered as well. We end by showing that load unbalancing can have a dramatic impact on performance, reducing mean response time by an order of magnitude compared to load balancing in many common cases.
Interacting higher-spin gauge fields on the light front

In the light-front formulation of particle dynamics the authors introduce transverse creation and annihilation operators. Using these they formulate a free-field theory containing all massless bosonic representations of the Poincare group. They then derive a cubic vertex as a non-linear realisation in four dimensions. This vertex reproduces previously known cubic interaction terms for arbitrary integer helicity as well as interactions between different helicities. The authors also give a complete list of all possible cubic couplings between massless Bose fields.
What pre-whitened music can tell us about multi-instrument compositions

We have discovered remarkable temporal associations between instruments in multi-instrument musical pieces after elimination of melody. This indicates the presence of a compositional ‘structural’ framework among instruments based on dynamic, temporal interactions. We hypothesize that such a framework is at the heart of the process of musical composition. Since similar melodies can be arranged in different ways, resulting in unique compositions, the instrument framework above may be a fundamental aspect of the musical arrangement in the composer's palette.
OH spectroscopy and chemistry investigated with astronomical sky spectra

This study summarizes the use of a large catalog of astronomical sky spectra to study different aspects of OH spectroscopy and chemistry in the terrestrial night sky. The sky spectra are unique in that they have high spectral resolution, cover the entire visible wavelength region in one exposure, and are intensity-calibrated with respect to standard stars. The intensity calibration, in particular, allows a significant revision to the OH Meinel band intensity distribution that has been in use for 43~years and permits critical evaluation of the many available sets of OH emission coefficients. The spectra further allow the OH rovibrational population distributions to be monitored throughout many nights. The OH vibrational population distribution is found to change during the night, with the population ratio between the extreme high-v and low-v levels that we can detect, v = 9 and v = 3, varying by as much as a factor of two; the low-v levels being predominant earlier in the night. It has been common to deter.
Constraining the Neutron Star Radius with Joint Gravitational-wave and Short Gamma-Ray Burst Observations of Neutron Star–Black Hole Coalescing Binaries

Coalescing neutron star (NS)–black hole (BH) binaries are promising sources of gravitational-waves (GWs) that are predicted to be detected within the next few years by current GW observatories. If the NS is tidally disrupted outside the BH innermost stable circular orbit, an accretion torus may form, and this could eventually power a short gamma-ray burst (SGRB). The observation of an SGRB in coincidence with gravitational radiation from an NS–BH coalescence would confirm the association between the two phenomena and also give us new insights into NS physics. We present here a new method to measure NS radii and thus constrain the NS equation of state using joint SGRB and GW observations of NS–BH mergers. We show that in the event of a joint detection with a realistic GW signal-to-noise ratio of 10, the NS radius can be constrained to ≲20% accuracy at 90% confidence.
Simulations of electrothermal instability growth in solid aluminum rodsa)

A recent publication [K. J. Peterson et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 092701 (2012)] describes simulations and experiments of electrothermal instability growth on well characterized initially solid aluminum and copper rods driven with a 20 MA, 100 ns rise time current pulse on Sandia National Laboratories Z accelerator. Quantitative analysis of the high precision radiography data obtained in the experiments showed excellent agreement with simulations and demonstrated levels of instability growth in dense matter that could not be explained by magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities alone. This paper extends the previous one by examining the nature of the instability growth in 2D simulations in much greater detail. The initial instability growth in the simulations is shown via several considerations to be predominantly electrothermal in nature and provides a seed for subsequent magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor growth.
Neutrino oscillations in the galactic dark matter halo

The observation of PeV neutrinos is an open window to study New Physics processes. Among all possible neutrino observables, the neutrino flavor composition can reveal underlying interactions during the neutrino propagation. We study the effects on neutrino oscillations of dark matter-neutrino interactions. We estimate the size of the interaction strength to produce a sizable deviation with respect to the flavor composition from oscillations in vacuum. We found that the dark matter distribution produces flavor compositions non reproducible by other New Physics phenomena. Besides, the dark matter effect predicts flavor compositions which depend on the neutrino's arrival direction. This feature might be observed in neutrino telescopes like IceCube and KM3NET with access to different sky sections. This effect presents a novel way to test Dark Matter particle models.
Constructing a thyroid cancer prognostic risk model based on CD8+ T cell associated genes

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a common and curable endocrine tumor occurring in the head and neck characterized by a low mortality rate compared to other malignancies. In this study, the immune microenvironment of TC was investigated to identify biomarkers. The mRNA and clinical data available in this study were accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) dataset. Differences in immune infiltration levels of TC and normal samples were assessed by CIBERSORT. Thyroid cancer samples were classified into high- and low-abundance groups according to the median abundance of immune cell infiltration, and CD8+ T cells were notably correlated with the survival status. Differential expression analysis was conducted on CD8+ T cells to obtain immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequently, a prognostic risk model was established through Cox regression analysis. According to the median risk score, samples in the training set and validation set were assigned to high- and low-risk groups. The survival and ROC curves demonstrated that the model possesses favorable prognostic prediction ability. Furthermore, the results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated differences between the high- and low-risk groups in terms of ECM receptor interaction and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathways. The tumor microenvironment of TC samples was evaluated by ESTIMATE, which showed that stromal scores were higher in the high-risk group. Finally, simple-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was performed on TC samples. The results indicated a higher infiltration level of NK cells in the low-risk group, as well as a lower level in the high-risk group. In terms of immune function-related gene sets, genes related to APC co-inhibition, cytolytic activity, HLA and T cell co-inhibition were observed to present higher expression levels in the low-risk group. In general, this study built a 6-gene prognostic risk assessment model based on CD8+ T cells through bioinformatics analysis, which is expected to be a reference for clinicians to judge the prognosis of TC patients.
Superconformal field theories from M-theory crystal lattices

We propose a brane configuration for the $(2+1)\mathrm{d}$, $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal theories (${\mathrm{CFT}}_{3}$) arising from M2 branes probing toric Calabi-Yau 4-fold cones, using a T-duality transformation of M theory. We obtain intersections of M5-branes on a three-torus which form a 3d bipartite crystal lattice in a way similar to the 2d dimer models for ${\mathrm{CFT}}_{4}$. The fundamental fields of the ${\mathrm{CFT}}_{3}$ are M2-brane discs localized around the intersections, and the superpotential terms are identified with the atoms of the crystal. The model correctly reproduces the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) spectrum of mesons.
Fabrication of BaHfO3 doped Gd1Ba2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors with the high Ic of 85 A/cm-w under 3 T at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K)

The introduction of effective artificial pinning centers into pulsed laser deposition derived Gd1Ba2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors has been studied with a view to improving the Ic–B–θ properties. BaMOx (M = metal) was introduced into Gd1Ba2Cu3O7−δ film, with the expectation of forming fine nanorods such as BaZrO3 ones. BaHfO3 doped Gd1Ba2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors showed remarkably good Ic–B–θ characteristics, even at high temperature. A short sample with 1 µm film thickness prepared using a reel-to-reel system showed a minimum Ic value of 30 A/cm-w@77 K (A/cm-w@77 K to be read as ‘amps per centimeter width, at 77 K’) at 3 T. The minimum Jc value of ∼0.3 MA cm−2@77 K at 3 T was independent of the film thickness up to 2.9 µm. The 2.9 µm thick film showed a minimum Ic value of 84.8 A/cm-w@77 K at 3 T, corresponding to >200 A/cm-w@65 K at 5 T.
Collaborative Content Caching and Task Offloading in Multi-Access Edge Computing

Mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications are gaining popularity. There are significant challenges in handling the latency-sensitive and computation-intensive tasks generated by MAR applications on mobile devices. The emergence of mobile edge computing (MEC) provides a new idea to improve the computing capability of resource-constrained mobile terminals. In this paper, we study the task offloading and cache placement of MAR tasks in multi-MEC server cooperation system. The problem of the task offloading and cache placement is formulated to maximize the hit ratio and minimize the service latency under the constraints of MEC server's computing resources and cache space. To solve this problem, we propose a task offloading and cache placement (MOTOCP) algorithm based on multi-objective artificial bee colony. Pareto optimal relation is introduced in the optimization process to find the optimal solution. Extensive evaluation verifies that our proposed algorithm has better performance.
The Representative Potential of Interest Groups: Internal Voice in Post-Communist and Western European Countries

Why do some interest group systems provide group members with more elaborate voice opportunities than other systems? We argue that evaluating membership voice is important for understanding the representative potential of interest group systems. An adequate understanding of “voice” forms the basis of “context”-embedded assessments of benchmarks such as interest group bias, interest group representational distortion, and interest group-driven policy overload. We examine two competing hypotheses on the differences in internal voice in Eastern and Western Europe. Primarily, case-specific arguments lead us to expect a weaker internal voice in post-communist Eastern Europe compared to Western Europe. Conversely, some theoretical approaches, such as population ecological organisational theory, lead us to expect a relatively weak membership voice in the organisationally saturated Western European systems. We assess these two hypotheses on the basis of an international survey of interest group leaders and observe, in line with the population ecological hypothesis, that members of Western European interest groups, compared to those in post-communist countries, are perceived as having less influential voices in internal decisions on policy positions. We conclude, neither optimistically nor pessimistically, that there is a meaningful representative potential of interest group systems supporting democratic societies, also, or even especially, in the post-communist countries studied.
Local stereo matching using binary weighted normalized cross-correlation

Significant achievements have been attained in the field of dense stereo correspondence by local algorithms since the emergence of adaptive support weight by Yoon [1]. However, most algorithms suffer from photometric distortions and low-texture areas. In this paper, we present a novel stereo matching algorithm that can be sensitive to low-texture changes within support windows while keep insensitive to radiometric variations between left and right images. The algorithm performs Normalized Cross-Correlation with Binary Weighted support window (BWNCC) using k-nearest neighbors algorithm to resolve boundary problems. And, the proposed algorithm can be accelerated with transform domain convolution. We also propose to accelerate the BWNCC with transform domain computation. Experiment results confirm that the proposed method is robust, and has the comparable accuracy as the state-of-the-art.
Wavelet based fractal method in early human development

Fractal methods have found to be useful in characterizing biomedical signals. The use of fractal estimation requires the estimation of parameter H, which is directly related to the fractal dimension D. However, traditional fractal analysis requires that the biomedical signals be stationary. Here, the authors propose a novel approach which is a combination of the wavelet transform and fractal estimators to characterize the human fetal breathing signals. This study was performed on 26 fetuses. The variances of the wavelet coefficients were estimated at each scale. The slope of the representation on a logarithmic plot from the scales 5 to 1 was used to estimate the fractal dimension of the fetal breathing signals. The authors' results suggested that fetal breathing rates have a rough structure.
Proof of the Bulk-Edge Correspondence through a Link between Topological Photonics and Fluctuation-Electrodynamics

The bulk-edge correspondence links the Chern-topological numbers with the net number of unidirectional states supported at an interface of the relevant materials. This fundamental principle is perhaps the most consequential result of topological photonics, as it determines the precise physical manifestations of nontrivial topological features. Even though the bulk-edge correspondence has been extensively discussed and used in the literature, it seems that in the general photonic case with dispersive materials it has no solid mathematical foundation and is essentially a conjecture. Here, I present a rigorous demonstration of this fundamental principle by showing that the thermal fluctuation-induced light-angular momentum spectral density in a closed cavity can be expressed in terms of the photonic gap Chern number, as well as in terms of the net number of unidirectional edge states. In particular, I highlight the rather fundamental connections between topological numbers in Chern-type photonic insulators and the fluctuation-induced light-momentum
On Quantum A/D and D/A Conversion

An algorithm is proposed which transfers the quantum information of a wave function (analogue signal) into a register of qubits (digital signal) such that n qubits describe the amplitudes and phases of 2 n points of a suﬃciently smooth wave function. We assume that the continuous degree of freedom couples to one or more qubits of a quantum register via a Jaynes Cummings Hamiltonian and that we have universal quantum computation capabilities on the register as well as the possibility to perform bang-bang control on the qubits. The transfer of information is mainly based on the application of the quantum phase-estimation algorithm in both direc-tions. Here, the running time increases exponentially with the number of qubits. We pose it as an open question which interactions would allow polynomial running time. One example would be interactions which enable squeezing operations.
Climate Risk Measures: A Review

The increasing concern about the far-reaching effects of climate change-related risk on sustainability has engendered the need to develop alternative indices to measure it. In this study, we review the existing measures of climate risk and offer useful areas for future research. We hope to revisit this exercise as new developments unfold and more robust measures become available.
Cellular Automaton Mimicking Colliding Bodies for Topology Optimization

Needs and demands of contemporary engineering stimulate continuous and intensive development of design methods. Topology optimization is a modern approach which has been successfully implemented in a daily engineering design practice. Decades of progress resulted in numerous applications of topology optimization to many research and engineering fields. Since the design process starts already at the conceptual stage, innovative, efficient, and versatile topology algorithms play a crucial role. In the present study, the concept of the original heuristic topology generator is proposed. The main idea that stands behind this proposal is to take advantage of the colliding bodies phenomenon and to use the governing laws to derive original Cellular Automata rules which can efficiently perform the process of optimal topologies generation. The derived algorithm has been successfully combined with ANSYS, a commercial finite element software package, to illustrate its versatility and to make a step toward engineering applications. Based on the results of the tests performed, it can be concluded that the proposed concept of the automaton mimicking colliding bodies may be an alternative algorithm to other existing topology generators oriented toward engineering applications.
Cosmic-ray propagation in the bi-stable interstellar medium

Context. Cosmic rays propagate through the galactic scales down to the smaller scales at which stars form. Cosmic rays are close to energy equipartition with the other components of the interstellar medium and can provide a support against gravity if pressure gradients develop. Aims. We study the propagation of cosmic rays within the turbulent and magnetised bi-stable interstellar gas. The conditions necessary for cosmic-ray trapping and cosmic-ray pressure gradient development are investigated. Methods. We derived an analytical value of the critical diffusion coefficient for cosmic-ray trapping within a turbulent medium, which follows the observed scaling relations. We then presented a numerical study using 3D simulations of the evolution of a mixture of interstellar gas and cosmic rays, in which turbulence is driven at varying scales by stochastic forcing within a box of 40 pc. We explored a large parameter space in which the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficient, the magnetisation, the driving scale, and the amplitude of the turbulence forcing, as well as the initial cosmic-ray energy density, vary. Results. We identify a clear transition in the interstellar dynamics for cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients below a critical value deduced from observed scaling relations. This critical diffusion depends on the characteristic length scale L of Dcrit ≃ 3.1 × 1023 cm2 s−1(L/1 pc)q+1, where the exponent q relates the turbulent velocity dispersion σ to the length scale as σ ~ Lq. Hence, in our simulations this transition occurs around Dcrit ≃ 1024–1025 cm2 s−1. The transition is recovered in all cases of our parameter study and is in very good agreement with our simple analytical estimate. In the trapped cosmic-ray regime, the induced cosmic-ray pressure gradients can modify the gas flow and provide a support against the thermal instability development. We discuss possible mechanisms that can significantly reduce the cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients within the interstellar medium. Conclusions. Cosmic-ray pressure gradients can develop and modify the evolution of thermally bi-stable gas for diffusion coefficients D0 ≤ 1025 cm2 s−1 or in regions where the cosmic-ray pressure exceeds the thermal one by more than a factor of ten. This study provides the basis for further works including more realistic cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients, as well as local cosmic-ray sources.
Effect of Soil Type on Native Pterocypsela laciniata Performance under Single Invasion and Co-Invasion

Native and invasive plant competition is usually controlled by the soil properties and the soil type underlying interspecific interactions. However, many uncertainties exist regarding the impact of soil type on native plant growth under single invasion and co-invasion despite the significant number of previous studies that focused on plant invasion. This study aims to elucidate the effects of soil type on the response of the native plant Pterocypsela laciniata under single invasion and co-invasion. Three different soils were used: natural soil, nutrient soil, and nutrient sterilized soil. The native P. laciniata was grown in monoculture and under single invasion and co-invasion with Solidago canadensis and Aster subulatus Michx. The results show that the native plant height and total biomass were 75% and 93.33% higher, respectively, in nutrient sterilized soil in monoculture than in natural and nutrient soil. In contrast, the native P. laciniata presents its best competitive ability in nutrient sterilized soil, being about 100% higher than in natural and nutrient soil under single invasion and co-invasion. However, no significant increase was observed in its growth parameters under co-invasion compared to single invasion. Conclusively, this study shows that nutrient soil sterilization positively affects native plant growth in monoculture and under single invasion, contrasting co-invasion in which more pronounced negative effects were observed on the native plant response.