Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Assign Individualized Scores on a Group Project: An Empirical Evaluation

One major challenge in using group projects to assess student learning is accounting for the differences of contribution among group members so that the mark assigned to each individual actually reflects their performance. This research addresses the validity of grading group projects by evaluating different methods that derive individualized scores from group work. Both Monte Carlo simulation and real test data analyses were conducted. The four investigated methods are the within-group adjustment method, the partial adjustment method, the between-group adjustment method, and the expected contribution adjustment method. For all methods, a weighting factor is computed based on the peer and self ratings of contributions to the group project by group members. This study finds that individual differences have to be taken into account if group grades are going to be assigned and utilized for evaluating individual performance at all. Adjusting contribution differences based on peer and self ratings could be an effective way to improve the validity of group grades. Among the four studied methods, adjusting both the within-group and between-group contribution differences is the most effective, and is thus recommended for classroom use.
A Time 'the like of which was never before experienced': Changing Community loyalties in Ipswich, 1900-12

During the nineteenth century, Ipswich was Queensland's premier industrial centre outside the colony's capital, its prosperity resting on the district's coal mines and railway workshops. Yet, despite Ipswich being an overwhelming working class town, organised labour remained a marginal force. Instead, Ipswich's workers and their families placed local loyalties ahead of industrial allegiances. The strength of these local ties reflected the importance of family owned concerns, which allowed the town's patriarchs to dominate Ipswich's political and social life. After 1900, however, Ipswich's political-economy underwent a profound transformation as the town's old families lost their position of pre-eminence to outside firms. As new avenues for employment emerged, organised labour found the social space in which to develop its own sense of identity. This labour identity was, however, shaped by the experience of Ipswich's various locations, producing not a united working class, but one fractured by differing goals and aspirations.
Service–Learning in the Social Studies: Civic Outcomes of the 3rd–12th Grade CiviConnections Program

Abstract This article describes a service-learning intervention, the CivicConnections Program, as implemented by 96 teachers in 32 site-based teams in 21 states during 2004–2005. Each of the 32 teams was responsible for multiple service-based, social studies classrooms serving a total of more than 2500 students in grades 3–12. The individual classroom-level projects demonstrated much diversity. Student responses to pre-surveys and retrospective pre- and post-surveys indicated consistent and important growth regardless of ethnic background or grade level. Students reported significant increases in their knowledge and sense of efficacy and participation. The magnitude of reported outcomes differed considerably depending on the site where students participated, even though all 32 sites demonstrated some significant growth on the retrospective pre- to post-survey comparisons.
Parental Accounts of Children's Asthma Care: The Role of Cultural and Social Capital in Health Disparities

Abstract This article explores the roles of cultural and social capital in shaping parental experiences with children's health care in order to better understand how socioeconomic status (SES) functions as a fundamental cause of health disparities. Specifically, accounts given by 53 socioeconomic and racially/ethnically diverse parents about their experiences managing their child's asthmatic health care are considered. Key sources of cultural capital include a college education, being born or raised in the U.S., and employment in the health care field. Cultural capital helped parents solve problems and make informed decisions about health care. Important sources of social capital included relationships with doctors, school nurses, and friends. Social capital helped parents acquire useful recommendations about providers and assisted them in meeting basic health needs. Parents with little economic and cultural capital deployed social capital as a substitute, which was less effective in the health care field. Abilities to harness cultural and social capital varied based on race, ethnicity, and social class with non-Hispanic white/affluent parents being most successful at deploying cultural and social resources. Considerations of how social and cultural capital influence parents' strategies for managing children's chronic illness shed light on the processes that contribute to the persistence of SES-based health disparities.
Evaluation of a systemic antibiotic treatment of toxic puerperal metritis in dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and economic efficiency of a systemic treatment of toxic puerperal metritis in dairy cows with ceftiofur. Cows with abnormal vaginal discharge at a postpartum examination (d 4 to 6 after calving) and a rectal temperature > or = 39.5 degrees C were assigned to three treatment groups. Cows in group 1 (n = 70) received 600 mg of ceftiofur intramuscularly (i.m.) on 3 consecutive days. Cows in group 2 (n = 79) received an intrauterine treatment with antibiotic pills consisting of 2500 mg of ampicillin and 2500 mg of cloxacillin and an additional 6000 mg (i.m.) of ampicillin. This treatment was performed on 3 consecutive days. Cows in group 3 (n = 78) received the same intrauterine treatment as in group 2. In addition, 600 mg of ceftiofur was administered i.m. on 3 consecutive days. Body temperature was recorded daily for 6 d after first treatment. There were no significant differences among the groups regarding clinical efficacy at d 6 after first treatment. The cure rates based on rectal temperatures declining to below 39.5 degrees C on d 6 after treatment were 82.9, 84.8, and 84.6% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Reproductive performance did not differ significantly between group 1 and groups 2 and 3 for any of the measures tested. A financial analysis with 87 different cost scenarios demonstrated that a systemic treatment of toxic puerperal metritis in cattle with ceftiofur is an effective alternative to the combination of local and systemic treatments.
Behavior, organization, substance: Three gestalts of general systems theory

The term gestalt, when used in the context of general systems theory, assumes the value of “systemic touchstone”, namely a figure of reference useful to categorize the properties or qualities of a set of systems. Typical gestalts used, e.g., in biology, are those based on anatomical or physiological characteristics, which correspond respectively to architectural and organizational design choices in natural and artificial systems. In this paper we discuss three gestalts of general systems theory: behavior, organization, and substance, which refer respectively to the works of Wiener, Boulding, and Leibniz. Our major focus here is the system introduced by the latter. Through a discussion of some of the elements of the Leibnitian System, and by means of several novel interpretations of those elements in terms of today's computer science, we highlight the debt that contemporary research still has with this Giant among the giant scholars of the past.
DNA Microarray Analysis of Cyanobacterial Gene Expression during Acclimation to High Light

DNA microarrays bearing nearly all of the genes of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 were used to examine the temporal program of gene expression during acclimation from low to high light intensity. A complete pattern is provided of gene expression during acclimation of a photosynthetic organism to changing light intensity. More than 160 responsive genes were identified and classified into distinct sets. Genes involved in light absorption and photochemical reactions were downregulated within 15 min of exposure to high light intensity, whereas those associated with CO2 fixation and protection from photoinhibition were upregulated. Changes in the expression of genes involved in replication, transcription, and translation, which were induced to support cellular proliferation, occurred later. Several unidentified open reading frames were induced or repressed. The possible involvement of these genes in the acclimation to high light conditions is discussed.
A high efficiency step-up DC-DC converter for thermoelectric generator with wide input voltage range

The thermoelectric generator (TEG) system is a dc power source based on Seebeck effect of TEG modules, which utilize the temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side to generate electric power. The output voltage of the TEG system is highly dependent on the temperature difference between the two sides of the thermoelectric modules and varies with a wide range. In this paper, a step-up DC-DC converter with wide input voltage range, low input current ripple for TEG application is developed. A two-stage cascade Boost converter topology is used to fulfill the requirement of wide input voltage range, which consists of input stage and output stage. A new control strategy is proposed to achieve lower input current ripple and improve the conversion efficiency by coordinating the operations of input stage and output stage. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
N-in-1 Retransmission with Network Coding

Retransmission (ReTX) mechanisms, i.e. Automatic Retransmission reQuest (ARQ) protocols are widely used for error control in mobile communications. Using ARQ, corrupted data frames are retransmitted in several attempts for eventual error recovery at the receiver. Error correction coding and soft combining have also been used in Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) protocols to increase efficiency. However, the evolution of ARQ protocols to date has been limited to the paradigm of ONE ReTX attempt for (the recovery of) ONE data frame, which often leads to excessive redundancies. In this paper we propose a new N-in-1 ReTX scheme. Using Random Network Coding, the scheme further improves the efficiency of ReTX by transforming a data frame into a series of equally-useful blocks for error recovery and sharing every ReTX attempt among multiple frames. Results from extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme achieves a significant throughput gain of up to 106% against the conventional HARQ-CC protocol.
Data Pre-processing for More Effective Gene Clustering

The high-throughput experimental data from the new gene microarray technology has spurred numerous efforts to find effective ways of processing microarray data for revealing real biological relationships among genes. This work proposes an innovative data pre-processing approach to identify noise data in the data sets and eliminate or reduce the impact of the noise data on gene clustering, With the proposed algorithm, the pre-processed data sets make the clustering results stable across clustering algorithms with different similarity metrics, the important information of genes and features is kept, and the clustering quality is improved. The primary evaluation on real microarray data sets has shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Society, London, v.149, pp.607–613.

Fig. 1. The most characteristic parts of the theropod skeleton, labelled on the Upper Jurassic North American allosaurid Allosaurus. The skeleton is 9 m in total length. At present, the Charnian fauna (and its correlatives overseas) remains a unique assemblage of very late Precambrian forerunners to the rest of the fossil record, possibly Cnidarians (Coelenterates), possibly not. Only much more research both in Charnwood Forest and in far-off lands will provide any answers.
In Search of Synergy in Small Group Performance

1. Introduction: Mapping the Territory. 2. Tasks: What Groups Do. 3. Idea Generation: Creative Thinking in Groups. 4. Problem Solving: Performing Tasks with Correct Solutions. 5. Judgment Calls: Performing Tasks with Hard-to-Demonstrate Correct Answers. 6. Decision Making: Selecting from Among Discrete Choice Alternatives. 7. Learning and Memory: Acquiring, Retaining, and Retrieving Knowledge in Groups. 8. Motivation: Energizing and Directing Behavior in Groups. 9. Group Composition: The Problem of Diversity within Groups. 10. Conclusion: Prospects for the Future in the Search for Synergy.
Contribution of Fault Current Sources in Multiterminal HVDC Cable Networks

The scope of this paper is the investigation of the development of fault currents in a circuit breaker (CB) during a pole-to-ground fault in a generic multiterminal HVDC cable system based on voltage-source converters. It aims to contribute to the current discussion of which requirements on breaking time and peak current HVDC CBs need to fulfill in such networks. Therefore, the fault current is broken down into the individual contributions from the different network components, and the influence of the key parameters on the development of the fault current in the CB of the faulted cable is illustrated.
Characterisation of the triple negative breast cancer phenotype associated with the development of central nervous system metastases

Aims Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent tumour in women, representing 20–30% of all malignancies, and continues to be the leading cause of cancer deaths among European women. Triple-negative (TN) BC biological aggressiveness is associated with a higher dissemination rate, with central nervous system (CNS) metastases common. This study aims to elucidate the association between gene expression profiles of PTGS2, HBEGF and ST6GALNAC5 and the development of CNS metastases in TNBC. Methods This is a case-controlled retrospective study comparing patients (pts) with CNS metastases versus patients without them after adjuvant treatment. The selection of the samples was performed including 30 samples in both case and control groups. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were retrieved from the Hospital 12 de Octubre Biobank. Five 10 µm sections from each FFPE sample were deparaffinised with xylene and washed with ethanol, and the RNA was then extracted with the RecoverAll Kit (Ambion). Gene expression was assessed using TaqMan assays. Results A total of 53 patients were included in the study. The average age was 55 years (range 25–85). About 47 patients (88.67%) had ductal histology and presented high grade (III) tumours (40 patients; 75.47%). Eight women in the case group presented first distant recurrence in the CNS (34.80%), local recurrence (three patients, 13.04%), lungs (two patients; 8.7%), bone (one patient; 4.34%) and other locations (seven patients; 30.38%). In the control group, first distant recurrence occurred locally (six patients; 46.1%), in bone (two patients; 15.4%), lungs (one patient; 7.7%) and other sites (four patients; 23.1%). RNA was successfully obtained from 53 out of 60 samples. PTGS2, HBEGF, and ST6GALNAC5 expression values were not related to metastasis location. Conclusion TN tumours frequently metastasise to the visceral organs, particularly lungs and brain, and are less common in bone. The literature suggests that expression of the three genes of interest (PTGS2, HBEGF, and ST6GALNAC5) could be different in TNBC patients with CNS metastasis when compared to patients without it. We did not find a differential expression pattern in PTGS2, HBEGF, and ST6GALNAC5 genes in primary TNBC showing CNS metastases. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of these genes in CNS metastases in TNBC patients.
Pathogenic roles of alterations in vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in gastric tumorigenesis

Gastric cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, especially in Japan, Korea and China, and the 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer is less than 30%. Thus, it is important to shed more lights on novel agents to prevent gastric cancer or to improve survival rate of the patients. Vitamin D not only maintains calcium and bone homeostasis, but also mostly inhibits tumor genesis, invasion, and metastasis through activation of vitamin D receptor. Although epidemiological results are not consistent, accumulating evidence from gastric cancer cells, animal models, and clinical trials suggest that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk and mortality of gastric cancer, but vitamin D supplement might be a safe and economical way to prevent or treat gastric cancer. Here, we reviewed the current studies on vitamin D and its receptor and focused on the pathogenic roles of their alterations in gastric tumorigenesis.
Inverse Thio Effects in the Hepatitis Delta Virus Ribozyme Reveal that the Reaction Pathway Is Controlled by Metal Ion Charge Density

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme self-cleaves in the presence of a wide range of monovalent and divalent ions. Prior theoretical studies provided evidence that self-cleavage proceeds via a concerted or stepwise pathway, with the outcome dictated by the valency of the metal ion. In the present study, we measure stereospecific thio effects at the nonbridging oxygens of the scissile phosphate under a wide range of experimental conditions, including varying concentrations of diverse monovalent and divalent ions, and combine these with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) free energy simulations on the stereospecific thio substrates. The RP substrate gives large normal thio effects in the presence of all monovalent ions. The SP substrate also gives normal or no thio effects, but only for smaller monovalent and divalent cations, such as Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+; in contrast, sizable inverse thio effects are found for larger monovalent and divalent cations, including Na+, K+, NH4+, and Ba2+. Proton inventories are found to be unity in the presence of the larger monovalent and divalent ions, but two in the presence of Mg2+. Additionally, rate–pH profiles are inverted for the low charge density ions, and only imidazole plus ammonium ions rescue an inactive C75Δ variant in the absence of Mg2+. Results from the thio effect experiments, rate–pH profiles, proton inventories, and ammonium/imidazole rescue experiments, combined with QM/MM free energy simulations, support a change in the mechanism of HDV ribozyme self-cleavage from concerted and metal ion-stabilized to stepwise and proton transfer-stabilized as the charge density of the metal ion decreases.
School factors that facilitate or hinder the ability of teaching assistants to effectively support pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in mainstream secondary schools

Growing numbers of pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are attending mainstream schools, and increasing numbers of teaching assistants (TAs) are being deployed into classrooms to support them. Evidence suggests, however, that pupils who have a TA may underperform academically, receive less attention from their teachers and be isolated from their peer group. Issues relating to the deployment and training of these staff, and their relationships with class teachers have been raised as contributing to the negative impact of TAs. However, school factors – such as inclusive school culture and teacher training – have been overlooked. In light of this, the objectives of the current study were to (1) develop understanding of the aspects of school culture that TAs feel contribute to the development of inclusion, and (2) identify aspects of school culture, policies and practices that facilitate or hinder their ability to effectively support pupils with ASD. Fifteen TAs supporting pupils with ASD in four mainstream secondary schools were interviewed. Thematic analysis identified positive attitudes towards pupils with special educational needs, school leadership support for inclusion, collaboration and respect as components of an inclusive school culture. The factors perceived as facilitating or hindering the ability of TAs to effectively include pupils with ASD included access to expertise, communication within school and teaching staff awareness of ASD. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing literature on inclusive education for pupils with ASD.
The Irrelevant Sound Effect: What Needs Modelling, and a Tentative Model

This paper reviews the literature on the irrelevant sound effect and concludes that, contrary to some claims, the data consistently show that irrelevant sound and articulatory suppression are not functionally equivalent. We evaluate the contribution of Larsen and Baddeley (2003 in this issue) and briefly discuss additional data in support of their position. We perform an error analysis on data from their third experiment and simulate detailed aspects of those data using our primacy model of immediate serial recall. Our model is briefly related to a number of findings in the literature on irrelevant sound.
An algorithmic comparison of the Hyper-Reduction and the Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method for a nonlinear thermal problem

A novel algorithmic discussion of the methodological and numerical differences of competing parametric model reduction techniques for nonlinear problems is presented. First, the Galerkin reduced basis (RB) formulation is presented, which fails at providing significant gains with respect to the computational efficiency for nonlinear problems. Renowned methods for the reduction of the computing time of nonlinear reduced order models are the Hyper-Reduction and the (Discrete) Empirical Interpolation Method (EIM, DEIM). An algorithmic description and a methodological comparison of both methods are provided. The accuracy of the predictions of the hyper-reduced model and the (D)EIM in comparison to the Galerkin RB is investigated. All three approaches are applied to a simple uncertainty quantification of a planar nonlinear thermal conduction problem. The results are compared to computationally intense finite element simulations.
The Economic and Career Effects of Sexual Harassment on Working Women

Many working women will experience sexual harassment at some point in their careers. While some report this harassment, many leave their jobs to escape the harassing environment. This mixed-methods study examines whether sexual harassment and subsequent career disruption affect women’s careers. Using in-depth interviews and longitudinal survey data from the Youth Development Study, we examine the effect of sexual harassment for women in the early career. We find that sexual harassment increases financial stress, largely by precipitating job change, and can significantly alter women’s career attainment.