Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les temps du passe francais et leur enseignement (review)

serious shortcomings. The discussion of the verb phrase, the hinge pin of English grammar in the eyes of many, is often confusing, and users looking for clear definitions of mood, tense and aspect are unlikely to come away satisfied and well informed. Thus, at the risk of being labelled a grammatical Luddite, I can conclude that the CamG is unlikely to replace or even displace the CompG on my shelf. For those with an interest in sentence-level grammar, however, Huddleston and Pullum’s work might well prove more appealing than Quirk et al.’s and ultimately come to be their grammar of predilection.
Protein histidine phosphatase 1 negatively regulates CD4 T cells by inhibiting the K+ channel KCa3.1

The calcium activated K+ channel KCa3.1 plays an important role in T lymphocyte Ca2+ signaling by helping to maintain a negative membrane potential, which provides an electrochemical gradient to drive Ca2+ influx. We previously showed that nucleoside diphosphate kinase beta (NDPK-B), a mammalian histidine kinase, is required for KCa3.1 channel activation in human CD4 T lymphocytes. We now show that the mammalian protein histidine phosphatase (PHPT-1) directly binds and inhibits KCa3.1 by dephosphorylating histidine 358 on KCa3.1. Overexpression of wild-type, but not a phosphatase dead, PHPT-1 inhibited KCa3.1 channel activity. Decreased expression of PHPT-1 by siRNA in human CD4 T cells resulted in an increase in KCa3.1 channel activity and increased Ca2+ influx and proliferation after T cell receptor (TCR) activation, indicating that endogenous PHPT-1 functions to negatively regulate CD4 T cells. Our findings provide a previously unrecognized example of a mammalian histidine phosphatase negatively regulating TCR signaling and are one of the few examples of histidine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation influencing a biological process in mammals.
Optimal Asset Allocation Towards the End of the Life Cycle: To Annuitize or Not to Annuitize?

Most individuals must decide how much, if any, of their wealth should be annuitized at about the time they retire. For many people a large portion of wealth is forcefully annuitized, for example pensions and government social security. In other cases and with remaining marketable wealth consumers have discretion in the matter. In its most general form, purchasing an immediate life annuity involves paying a non-refundable lump sum to an insurance company in exchange for a guaranteed constant life-long consumption stream that can not be outlived. The natural alternative to annuitization is individual strategic asset allocation amongst the various investment classes, such as equity, fixed income and real estate, together with a fixed periodic consumption from capital, dividends and interest. Unfortunately, this do it yourself strategy runs the financial risk of under-funding retirement in the event of long-run inferior investment returns in conjunction with unexpected human longevity. This paper develops a normative model that will provide a relevant framework for the choice between asset allocation and discretionary annuitization at retirement. The paradigm will be rich enough to accommodate the altruistic desire for bequest as well as the fundamental pre-occupation with consumption security. Our methodology deviates somewhat from the traditional financial economic approach to asset allocation and insurance, where the investor in question is assumed to maximize a well defined microeconomic utility function over all states of nature. Rather, we focus on the probability of consumption shortfall as the implicit risk measure and operational objective function. Our model allows individuals to input their own parameters for stochastic market performance and obtain the optimal age at which to annuitize, based on a probabilistic tolerance level. As a byproduct, using our own estimates, we are able to confirm the intuition shared by many in the financial planning community. Namely, given the empirical evidence on the cost structure of annuities, the adverse selection implicit in annuity mortality tables together with the long- run propensity for equities to outperform fixed income investments, otherwise known as time-diversification, it makes very little sense for consumers under the age of 80 to annuitize any additional marketable wealth. In essence, the rate of return from a life annuity can easily be "beaten" using alternative investment assets. The exception to this rule is the event in which (mean reverting) interest rates are extraordinarily high or when consumers have private (asymmetric) health information that would lead them to believe that they are much healthier than average, both of which rarely occur.
Characterization of Gene Expression Patterns among Artificially Developed Cancer Stem Cells Using Spherical Self-Organizing Map

We performed gene expression microarray analysis coupled with spherical self-organizing map (sSOM) for artificially developed cancer stem cells (CSCs). The CSCs were developed from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with the conditioned media of cancer cell lines, whereas the CSCs were induced from primary cell culture of human cancer tissues with defined factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4). These cells commonly expressed human embryonic stem cell (hESC)/hiPSC-specific genes (POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, and SALL4) at a level equivalent to those of control hiPSC 201B7. The sSOM with unsupervised method demonstrated that the CSCs could be divided into three groups based on their culture conditions and original cancer tissues. Furthermore, with supervised method, sSOM nominated TMED9, RNASE1, NGFR, ST3GAL1, TNS4, BTG2, SLC16A3, CD177, CES1, GDF15, STMN2, FAM20A, NPPB, CD99, MYL7, PRSS23, AHNAK, and LOC152573 genes commonly upregulating among the CSCs compared to hiPSC, suggesting the gene signature of the CSCs.
Metaphors in Conversation: How Are They Understood? Why Are They Used?

Literal and nonliteral expressions are compared with respect to how they are understood in ordinary conversation. Analysis suggests that literal expressions have the same recognition problems as metaphors; namely, they both require listeners to classify utterances as to propositional types. Literal and metaphorical expressions also do not differ with respect to priority of understanding (i.e., nonliteral interpretation is not an option that depends on a prior derivation of literal meaning). Similarly, literal and nonliteral interpretation depend equally on contextual information, and both require the same kinds of such information. Passive theories of metaphor comprehension are examined and rejected in favor of a conversational-interactive account that treats both literal and nonliteral comprehension in terms of discourse processes. Finally, some reasons why people use nonliteral expressions are suggested, and I propose that, under certain circumstances, metaphors permit more precise and informative commu.
Coordination of grip force and load force in developmental coordination disorder: A case study

In adults, moving an object using precision grip involves anticipatory adjustment of grip force for fluctuations in inertial load force. These adjustments suggest that motion planning is based on an internal model of the effector system and the environment. In the current study, we evaluate the coordination of grip force with load force in a child with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and a matched, normally developing, control child. The children completed five tasks: (i) lifting an object; (ii) moving an object upwards; (iii) moving an object downwards; (iv) holding an object subject to unpredictable perturbation; (v) a time production (tapping) task. A number of differences were observed between the children. In particular, compared to the control, the child with DCD showed an earlier rise in grip force when making both upward and downward movements. We discuss this result in relation to the greater variability in explicit timing and longer reflex delays observed in the child with DCD. We conclude that this paradigm offers insight into the motion planning difficulties seen in DCD, providing a useful new methodology for the investigation of the observed coordination difficulties.
Strategies for survival in the war of talent

One‐third of employees plan to resign from their jobs within the next two years, according to a new international report, The Retention Dilemma, by Hay Group. However, with economists forecasting a downturn, this is not good news for companies struggling to stay successful. This article explores why people are moving jobs and identifies some of the ways in which a company can retain its best people.
Is someone watching me? - consideration of social facilitation effects in human-robot interaction experiments

This discussion paper considers the implications of the psychological phenomena of social facilitation effects for human-robot interaction (HRI) studies. Research studies in HRI have significantly increased over the past few years. Such studies investigate, for example, robot appearance and behaviour, and the responses of subjects to robots. However, the possible effects of the experimental context on results from human-robot interaction studies have attracted little attention. In this paper, we provide an overview of robot trials with children and adults, as part of the Cogniron project. Observations from video footage are reported, with particular consideration for the influence of the social context and social facilitation effects, including task complexity, evaluation context and type of presence on outcomes of human-robot interaction studies. Lessons learnt and future design implications for human-robot interaction studies are provided.
Structural Requirements of Astrovirus Virus-Like Particles Assembled in Insect Cells

ABSTRACT Expression of the complete ORF2 of human astrovirus serotype 1 (HAstV-1) in the baculovirus system led to the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) of around 38 nm. The same kind of VLPs were also obtained either with the expression of a truncated form of ORF2 lacking the first 70 amino acids (aa), or with the same truncated form in which those 70 aa were replaced by the green fluorescent protein. All three kinds of VLPs were equally recognized by an anti-HAstV-1 polyclonal antibody and by two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs; 8E7 and 5B7), indicating a nonessential role of those amino acids neither in the capsid assembly nor in the antigen structure. A second type of structure consisting of 16-nm ring-like units was observed in all of the cases, mostly after disassembling the 38-nm VLPs through the addition of EDTA. The removal of the EDTA and the addition of Mg2+ ions promoted the reassembly of the 38-nm VLPs. The nature of these 16-nm ring-like structures, capsomers or T = 1 VLPs, still remains unclear. Biochemical analysis revealed no differences between the 38-nm VLPs and the 16-nm structures, whereas antigenically, they shared the 8E7 MAb epitope but differed in the 5B7 MAb epitope, with the latter structures being more readily recognized.
Defense Responses in Aspen with Altered Pectin Methylesterase Activity Reveal the Hormonal Inducers of Tyloses1[OPEN]

Suppression of pectin methyl esterase and jasmonates in synergy with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid acting via the ethylene signaling pathway induces tyloses in intact, healthy aspen plants. Tyloses are ingrowths of parenchyma cells into the lumen of embolized xylem vessels, thereby protecting the remaining xylem from pathogens. They are found in heartwood, sapwood, and in abscission zones and can be induced by various stresses, but their molecular triggers are unknown. Here, we report that down-regulation of PECTIN METHYLESTERASE1 (PtxtPME1) in aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) triggers the formation of tyloses and activation of oxidative stress. We tested whether any of the oxidative stress-related hormones could induce tyloses in intact plantlets grown in sterile culture. Jasmonates, including jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate, induced the formation of tyloses, whereas treatments with salicylic acid (SA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were ineffective. SA abolished the induction of tyloses by JA, whereas ACC was synergistic with JA. The ability of ACC to stimulate tyloses formation when combined with JA depended on ethylene (ET) signaling, as shown by a decrease in the response in ET-insensitive plants. Measurements of internal ACC and JA concentrations in wild-type and ET-insensitive plants treated simultaneously with these two compounds indicated that ACC and JA regulate each other’s concentration in an ET-dependent manner. The findings indicate that jasmonates acting synergistically with ethylene are the key molecular triggers of tyloses.
Critical Factors Contributing to the Thromboelastography Trace

The thromboelastography trace provides a graphical and numerical representation of the viscoelastic changes associated with fibrin polymerization. When used with whole blood, the shape of this trace is a composite of the effects of white and red cell content and composition, platelet number and function, fibrinogen concentration, as well as coagulation protein function and balance. The trace is also influenced by pharmacological agents such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet therapy, and coagulation factor supplementation. As such the main role of this technology has been as a point-of-care device to guide transfusion of blood components. Recently the technology has moved from the cardiac and hepatic surgical settings, where most of the early work was focused, into other areas of hemostatic monitoring. New applications for pharmaceutical monitoring and patient screening are being explored. This review gives a broad overview of the applications of the technology. In particular it considers the factors that most influence the characteristics of the trace, be they preanalytical, analytical, or clinical.
A Hubble Space Telescope survey of the host galaxies of Superluminous Supernovae

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 UV and near-IR (nIR) imaging of 21 Superluminous Supernovae (SLSNe) host galaxies, providing a sensitive probe of star formation and stellar mass within the hosts. Comparing the photometric and morphological properties of these host galaxies with those of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs), we find SLSN hosts are fainter and more compact at both UV and nIR wavelengths, in some cases we barely recover hosts with absolute magnitude around M_V ≈ −14. With the addition of ground based optical observations and archival results, we produce spectral energy distribution fits to these hosts, and show that SLSN hosts possess lower stellar mass and star formation rates. This is most pronounced for the hydrogen deficient Type-I SLSN hosts, although Type-II H-rich SLSN host galaxies remain distinct from the bulk of CCSNe, spanning a remarkably broad range of absolute magnitudes, with ∼30 per cent of SLSNe-II arising from galaxies fainter than M_(nIR) ∼ −14. The detection of our faintest SLSN hosts increases the confidence that SLSNe-I hosts are distinct from those of LGRBs in star formation rate and stellar mass, and suggests that apparent similarities in metallicity may be due to the limited fraction of hosts for which emission line metallicity measurements are feasible. The broad range of luminosities of SLSN-II hosts is difficult to describe by metallicity cuts, and does not match the expectations of any reasonable UV-weighted luminosity function, suggesting additional environmental constraints are likely necessary to yield hydrogen rich SLSNe.
Conditions Affecting the Viability of Spheroplasts in Urine

Penicillin-induced spheroplasts from Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris, which at neutral pH had little resistance to osmotic lysis, retained viability in media of low osmolality at pH 5.0 to 5.5. In the presence of 1,000 IU of penicillin per ml (pH 5.0) in liquid media, E. coli remained in rod form without conspicuous growth. On hypotonic agar media at pH 5.2 with 1,000 IU of penicillin per ml, the bacteria grew out as L-type colonies. These findings are discussed in relation to penicillin therapy.
Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of chlamydial infections in urogenital specimens

A total of 194 male urethral and 402 cervical specimens were obtained from patients at the venereal disease outpatient clinic of University Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, to evaluate the IDEIA test (Boots Celltech) for the detection of chlamydial infections. The prevalences of culture-positive males and females were 17.5 and 8.2%, respectively. The respective overall sensitivities and specificities found were 67.6 and 93.7% for the males and 63.6 and 93.8% for the females. The highest sensitivity (83.3%) was found in male patients with more than 20 leukocytes per field in the sediment of the first-voided urine (magnification, X250) and in women with more than 10 leukocytes per field in a cervical Gram stain (magnification, X800). However, in men without urethritis and in women with fewer than 10 leukocytes per field in the Gram stain, sensitivities of 44.4 and 40%, respectively, were found. Culture-positive, IDEIA-negative results were predominantly observed in samples with few inclusions in the culture.
Improvement of language identification performance using generalized phone recognizer

Two popular and better performing approaches to language Identification (LID) are Phone Recognition followed by Language Modeling (PRLM) and Parallel PRLM. In this paper, we report several improvements in Phone Recognition which reduces error rate in PRLM and PPRLM based LID systems. In our previous paper, we introduced APRLM approach that reduces error rate for about 1.3% in LID tasks. In this paper, we suggest other solution that overcomes APRLM. This new LID approach is named Generalized PRLM or GPRLM. Several language identification experiments were conducted and the proposed improvements were evaluated using OGI-MLTS corpus. Our results show that GPRLM overcomes PPRLM and APRLM about 2.5% and 1.2% respectively in two language classification tasks.
Viral Infection of the Heart: Pathogenesis and Diagnosis

Abstract Viral infections of the heart cause serious clinical problems, either as infectious myocarditis, which usually is a consequence of acute infection or as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, resulting rather from a chronic infection. This minireview presents an up-to-date view on patho- mechanisms of viral infection of the heart tissues, the role of immune system in controlling infectious process at its various stages and current possibilities of recognizing viral infection of the heart with use of both cardiological and virological methods. Our goal was to present the variety of known viral agents causing heart infection, level of complexity in mutual virus-cell interactions, and consequent clinical scenarios.
Improved three-point formulas considering the interface conditions in the finite-difference analysis of step-index optical devices

A general relation, considering the interface conditions, between a sampled point and its nearby points is derived. Making use of the derived relation and the generalized Douglas scheme, the three point formulas in the finite-difference modeling of step-index optical devices are extended to fourth order accuracy irrespective of the existence of the step-index interfaces. With numerical analysis and numerical assessment, several frequently used formulas are investigated.
The EMSS catalog of x-ray-selected clusters of galaxies. 1. An atlas of CCD images of 41 distant clusters

An atlas of deep, wide-field R-band charge coupled device (CCD) images of a complete sample of distant, X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies is presented. These clusters are the 41 most distant (z is greater than or equal to 0.15) and most X-ray-luminous (L(sub x) is greater than or equal to 2 x 10(exp 44) ergs/s) clusters in the Einstein Observatory Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) catalog that are observable from Mauna Kea (delta is greater than -40 deg). The sample spans a redshift range of 0.15 is less than or equal to z is less than or equal to 0.81 and includes at least two and possibly as many as six rich clusters with z is greater than 0.5. For the most part, the data are of superior quality, with a median seeing of 0.8 sec full width half-maximum (FWHM) and coverage of at least 1 Mpc x 1 Mpc in the cluster frame (H(sub 0) = 50; q(sub 0) = 1/2). In addition, we update the available optical, X-ray, and radio data on the entire EMSS sample of 104 clusters. We outline the cluster selection criteria in detail and emphasize that X-ray-selected cluster samples may prove to be more useful for cosmological studies than optically selected samples. The EMSS cluster sample in particular can be exploited for diverse cosmological investigations, as demonstrated by the detection of evolution in the X-ray luminosity function previously reported, and more recently by the discovery of a large number of gravitationally lensed images in these clusters.
Are Norms of Disclosure of Online and Offline Personal Information Associated with the Disclosure of Personal Information Online

This study investigated whether norms of self-disclosure of one's online and offline identity are linked to online disclosure of personal and intimate information. We expected online disclosure of personal and intimate information to be associated with norms of online disclosure. Secondary analysis of the 2006 Pew and American Life Survey of parents and teens data set was conducted to test the study's hypotheses. A weak relationship emerged between adherence to norms supporting the disclosure of offline and online personal information. Supporting theories of computer-mediated communication, our findings show a strong relationship between adherence to norms of online identity disclosure and the disclosure of personal information online through the posting of personal photos, videos, and an online profile.
Panoramic view reconstruction for stereoscopic teleoperation of a humanoid robot

In recent years, robots have become more commonplace as a method for humans to remotely conduct observations or interactions, with commercial applications ranging from customer service to assembly line work. Virtual and augmented reality have shown much promise as methods to visualize and assist with teleoperation of these robots. However, a number of problems still exist with such bidirectional teleoperator relationships, including the intersensory conflict induced by delay of images received on the teleoperator side of a remote session. This can result in nausea, simulation sickness, and unnatural interaction, especially when stereoscopic cameras are present. As a step towards addressing this problem, we introduce the use of stereo panoramic reconstruction in conjunction with an augmented reality interface to improve both the interaction and the sense of embodiment of a teleoperator working through a robot's perspective. Unlike current methods that send latent streams of the robot's eye-cameras to the user, we view reconstruction that also incorporates direct control of the robot's head. This algorithm uses queued time and angle stamped images to reconstruct the robot's stereoscopic view for the teleoperator, which allows for low-latency viewing and field of view expansion. We then conduct experiments comparing our method against a direct camera feed from the robot's eyes. In addition to measuring latency at every point of the data pipeline, we show that this panoramic representation reduces perceived visual delay and elicits positive user feedback.