Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Incidence of Post‐Kidney Transplant Anemia in Children

Anemia status at 1‐year post‐kidney transplant was documented retrospectively in 231 pediatric recipients (mean age: 12.6 ± 5.0, range: 1.9–20.7 years) at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between 1978 and 2003. Anemia was present in 59 (25.5%) patients. The prevalence of anemia has increased in the more recent eras (1978–1985: 7.8%, 1986–1997: 29%; 1998–2003: 32%, p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis determined that the use of calcineurin inhibitors or impaired allograft function predicted anemia at 1‐year post‐transplant. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that children with anemia at 1‐year post‐transplant had a significantly worse overall allograft survival than children without anemia (p = 0.02). However, when data were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model, only lower allograft function at 1‐year post‐transplant, black race and older era, but not anemia, independently predicted worse graft survival in children. This study suggests that the recent increase in the incidence of anemia post‐kidney transplant is related to modern immunosuppressive therapy and that post‐transplant anemia is more likely a marker of allograft dysfunction in children rather than its cause.
Distribution of Gains from Research and Promotion in Multistage Production Systems: Reply

pivotal supply shift in my analysis. My response to this claim is twofold. First, I never did claim that ". farm production generates greater returns to producers than research on marketing service or consumer promotion. " Second, while the mathematics of CK's claim that rankings of research and promotion can be reversed with a pivotal supply shift is correct, the economic significance of this point is questionable. In addition to elaborating on these two points, I will also discuss what I consider to be some more serious reservations about welfare measurement related to esti-
Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) monitoring of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer using sensitive (second-generation) immunometric assays can be disrupted by false-negative and false-positive serum thyroglobulin autoantibody misclassifications.

CONTEXT Reliable thyroglobulin (Tg) autoantibody (TgAb) detection before Tg testing for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is critical when TgAb status (positive/negative) is used to authenticate sensitive second-generation immunometric assay ((2G)IMA) measurements as free from TgAb interference and when reflexing "TgAb-positive" sera to TgAb-resistant, but less sensitive, Tg methodologies (radioimmunoassay [RIA] or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess how different Kronus (K) vs Roche (R) TgAb method cutoffs for "positivity" influence false-negative vs false-positive serum TgAb misclassifications that may reduce the clinical utility of reflex Tg testing. METHODS Serum Tg(2G)IMA, TgRIA, and TgLC-MS/MS measurements for 52 TgAb-positive and 37 TgAb-negative patients with persistent/recurrent DTC were compared. A total of 1426 DTC sera with TgRIA of ≥ 1.0 μg/L had false-negative and false-positive TgAb frequencies determined using low Tg(2G)IMA/TgRIA ratios (<75%) to indicate TgAb interference. RESULTS TgAb-negative patients with disease displayed Tg(2G)IMA, TgRIA, and TgLC-MS/MS serum discordances (% coefficient of variation = 24 ± 20%, range, 0%-100%). Of the TgAb-positive patients with disease, 98% had undetectable/lower Tg(2G)IMA vs either TgRIA or TgLC-MS/MS (P < .01), whereas 8 of 52 (15%) had undetectable Tg(2G)IMA + TgLC-MS/MS associated with TgRIA of ≥ 1.0 μg/L. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis reported more sensitivity for TgAb method K vs R (81.9% vs 69.1%, P < .001), but receiver operating characteristic curve cutoffs (>0.6 kIU/L [K] vs >40 kIU/L [R]) had unacceptably high false-negative frequencies (22%-32%), whereas false positives approximated 12%. Functional sensitivity cutoffs minimized false negatives (13.5% [K] vs 21.3% [R], P < .01) and severe interferences (Tg(2G)IMA, <0.10 μg/L) (0.7% [K] vs 2.4% [R], P < .05) but false positives approximated 23%. CONCLUSIONS Reliable detection of interfering TgAbs is method and cutoff dependent. No cutoff eliminated both false-negative and false-positive TgAb misclassifications. Functional sensitivity cutoffs were optimal for minimizing false negatives but have inherent imprecision (20% coefficient of variation) that, exacerbated by TgAb biologic variability during DTC monitoring, could cause TgAb status to fluctuate for patients with low TgAb concentrations, prompting unnecessary Tg method changes and disrupting Tg monitoring. Laboratories using reflexing should limit Tg method changes by considering a patient's Tg + TgAb testing history in addition to current TgAb status before Tg method selection.
A nomogram prediction of postoperative surgical site infections in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the major morbidities after radical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC). This study aimed to clarify the risk factors and construct a nomogram to predict SSIs in patients with PHCC. A total of 335 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy combined with hepaticojejunostomy between January 2013 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. SSIs, including incisional (superficial and deep) and space/organ infection, were defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) system. Risk factors associated with postoperative SSIs were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. A nomogram was developed on the basis of results from the multivariate logistic model and the discriminatory ability of the model was analyzed. PHCC patients had higher organ/space SSI rate than incisional SSI rate after radical resection. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors indicating postoperative overall SSIs (incisional and organ/space) included coexisting cholangiolithiasis [odds ratio (OR): 6.77; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.40–19.11; P < . 001], blood loss >1500 mL (OR: 4.77; 95% CI: 1.45–15.65; P = .010), having abdominal surgical history (OR: 5.85; 95% CI: 1.91–17.97; P = .002), and bile leakage (OR: 15.28; 95% CI: 5.90–39.62; P < .001). The &bgr; coefficients from the multivariate logistic model were used to construct the model for estimation of SSI risk. The scoring model was as follows: −4.12 +1.91 × (coexisting cholangiolithiasis = 1) + 1.77 × (having previous abdominal surgical history = 1) +1.56 × (blood loss >1500 mL = 1) + 2.73 × (bile leakage = 1). The discriminatory ability of the model was good and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.851. In PHCC patients, there may be a relationship between postoperative SSIs and abdominal surgical history, coexisting cholangiolithiasis, bile leakage, and blood loss. The nomogram can be used to estimate the risk of postoperative SSIs in patients with PHCC.
Needs, Motivations, and Expectations of a Commercial Whitewater Rafting Experience

Whitewater rafting is examined as an example of the adventure tourism market. Separately, the needs, motivations, and expectations of whitewater rafting participants are surveyed before and after rafting. An analysis that compares these participants with and without prior rafting experience recommends a different form of marketing strategy for each group.
Incidence of cervical cancer and age‐specific survival of small cell cervical carcinoma in Taiwan

Objective. To determine the incidence of cervical cancer and the age‐specific survival from small cell cervical carcinoma in Taiwan. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Taiwan. Population. Women diagnosed with cervical cancer from 1991 to 2005. Methods. Analysis of data from the National Cancer Registration System and National Death Certification System. Main Outcome Measures. Incidence and age at diagnosis of cervical carcinoma and age‐specific and overall survival from small cell cervical carcinoma. Results. During the study period, 36 122 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 81.8% had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). For the periods 1991–1995, 1996–2000 and 2001–2005, the mean age at diagnosis increased from 53.9±13.3 to 55.0±14.9 and then to 56.7±14.7 years, respectively. The incidence of SCC decreased from 1991 to 2005. During the same period, non‐significant increases of adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma were noted. For SCC, occurrence peaked in 1991–1995 in patients 50–59 years of age. From 1996 to 2005, it peaked in patients 40–49 years of age. For cervical adenocarcinoma, occurrence peaked in patients 40–49 years of age, with a steady increase in this age group from 1991 to 2005. Occurrence of small cell cervical carcinoma peaked in the period 1991–1995 in patients 30–39 years of age. During the 15 years of the study, the overall mortality rate of the 198 patients with small cell cervical carcinoma was 65.7%. Conclusions. In Taiwan, the incidence of small cell cervical carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tended to increase, but the incidence of squamous cell cervical carcinoma significantly decreased during the period 1991–2005.
Industrial ecology, information and sustainability

This article defines the new field of industrial ecology and identifies the fundamental premises which make this approach to the information society a significant improvement over current practices. The article compares the environment as overhead paradigm with the industrial ecology paradigm and uses a conceptual framework to clarify the relationships between industrial ecology, sustainable development and technology. The hypothesis that the information revolution and sustainability are aligned, mutually dependent directions of societal evolution is supported by the analogy of the automotive sector. Over the past 25 years the automobile industry has undergone an almost revolutionary change and the modern automobile is now a profitable product which also offers much improved environmental and social performance and is altogether a more complex system with a far higher information content than its predecessors. However, the limitations of technological evolution in achieving economic, environmental and social sustainability show that simply relying on technology will not avoid the need for difficult and complex political decisions.
Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology

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Archetypes of Pedagogical Innovation for Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: Model and Illustrations

Observing the dearth of research-grounded discussions on the quality of pedagogical innovations in entrepreneurship education, and more specifically, on what makes pedagogical innovations ‘work’, we develop an analytical framework that highlights the core characteristics of pedagogical innovations, and the coherence relationships between these characteristics. We illustrate the import of the framework by analyzing four innovations in entrepreneurship education from four institutions in four different countries: the Oregon State University’s Austin Entrepreneurship Program (USA); the Master in Management Global’s Parcours Entrepreneuriat from l’Universite Paris-Dauphine (France); the High-TEPP initiative from the Universities of Bamberg, Jena and Regensburg (Germany), and the University of Victoria’s Entrepreneurship Program (Canada). By analyzing these cases, we show that from the diversity of initiatives in entrepreneurship education, one can identify at least four archetypes of innovative practices. More importantly, we develop a research-grounded framework that can be used to study the similarities and differences between different pedagogical innovations in entrepreneurship education, but also to evaluate their degree of internal coherence. In turn, we provide a practical tool for entrepreneur educators to reflect upon their own innovative practices.
D ATA MINING ON LARGE VIDEO RECORDINGS

L’exploration de larges données vidéo est une tâche qui devient possible grâce aux avancées techniques dans la détection et suivi d’objets. Les méthodes de fouille d’information comme le clustering sont typiquement employées. Celles-ci ont été principalement appliquées pour la segmentation/indexation vidéo mais l’extraction de connaissances sur l’activité présente dans la vidéo a été seulement partiellement adressée. Dans cet article nous présentons comment ces techniques peuvent être
A Signaling Theory of Accounting Conservatism

In this paper, we offer a new theory for the economic demand of accounting conservatism, which emphasizes the signaling role of conservatism in a debt market with asymmetric information. In our model, accounting conservatism serves as a signal by which the borrower firm can convey their private information about its own operating risk to the lenders, prior to signing the debt contract. In developing this signaling theory of conservatism, our paper achieves two major outcomes: (1) we analytically derive four basic properties of accounting conservatism, based on Basu's (1997) asymmetric timeliness of earnings definition of conservatism; (2) we develop a signaling model of the debt market, where accounting conservatism serves as a signaling device. Our conservatism-signaling model has a dominant separating equilibrium, in which the low risk firms choose a high level of conservatism and the high risk firms choose a low (zero) level of conservatism. We show that this is the only stable equilibrium in our model that can pass Cho and Kreps's Intuitive Criterion (1987). Our results indicate that conservatism benefits the debt market by reducing the information asymmetry in the debt market.
IDA's Partnership for Poverty Reduction: An Independent Evaluation of Fiscal Years 1994-2000

Over the seven-year period covered by this review, the International Development Association (IDA) significantly enhanced its relevance, and improved its portfolio performance, repositioning its country assistance programs, increasing its responsiveness to borrowers, strengthening its field presence, and diversifying its lending instruments. And lately, IDA intensified its aid coordination efforts in the context of the Comprehensive Development Framework (CDF) and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) initiatives. IDA has helped many borrowers move into position to direct efforts toward poverty reduction goals, and, while IDA was slow in complying with its IDA10 governance undertakings, over the past four years, has given priority to public sector reform in country assistance programs. However, IDA has made limited progress in integrating gender and environment (partly due to lack of country interest), but accountability was also lacking. The report suggests fine-tuning of the replenishment process, perceived to be both over-determined, and overloaded; rather, this process requires stronger connections with all development partners. A longer-term vision in consultation with borrowers, should be developed, focused on results, while engagement with developing countries could lead to defined commitments in terms of monitoring, and achieving objectives.
Grand theories as barriers to using IC concepts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to answer the question “What are the barriers to the use of IC concepts? ” by discussing and critiquing two contemporary grand theories about IC, being market‐to‐book ratios as a representation of IC and that disclosing IC leads to greater profitability.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews contemporary IC literature and explores reasons why these grand theories of IC hinder its adoption.Findings – The research finds that these grand theories mislead because they cannot be proven empirically. Therefore, managers should attempt to better understand the possible causal relationships between their people, processes and stakeholders (human, structural and relational capital) rather than adopting someone else's mousetrap.Practical implications – In order to improve the use of IC concepts they should be examined as differentiation theories of practice that take into account the agent (people) as a unit of analysis, the actual practice of IC and the resultant chang.
Investigating the nature of intangible brain-machine interaction

The hypothesis that direct human intention can modulate the concurrent outcomes of a stochastic process has been under test for over 35 years, surrounded by inconclusive evidence and a great amount of ambiguity. An increased interest has recently and prematurely risen concerning possible scientific applications of such effects. The amassed information around the purported phenomena, as presented in a meta-analysis, is thoroughly re-examined here through the application of several recognised mathematical tools. It is shown that there exists no validation of the hypothesis of brain-machine interaction precisely in absence of interface devices. It is concluded that any evidence in favour of the alleged intangible brain-machine effects, must have resulted from unintended errors during data collection and treatment, known as the experimenter expectancy effect.
Design of high power density converter for aircraft applications

This paper presents a design methodology for high power density converter (HPDC) operating as an AC aircraft bus provider, which presents a particular gravimetric power density challenge. High power rating 3-phase AC-DC converter design with weight minimization is elaborated. By considering sizing of major converter parts that contribute to total converter weight, optimal switching frequency to yield highest power density is evaluated. The design evaluation for 50 kW converter with SiC power modules yields overall gravimetric power density of 3.76-5.35 kW/kg at optimal switching frequency of 60 kHz and volumetric power density of 7.04-7.38 kW/l respectively.
Role of pigment epithelium-derived factor on proliferation and migration of choroidal capillary endothelium induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.

BACKGROUND Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is expressed in several normal organs and identified as an inhibitor of neovascularization. In the present study, we investigated the effect of PEDF in an in vitro model of ocular choroidal neovascularization. METHODS Microdissection was used to isolate the human choroidal endothelial cells (CECs), followed by the use of superparamagnetic beads (Dynabeads) coated with the CD31 antibody, which selectively binds to the endothelial cell surface. The mitogenic and motogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on cultured choroidal capillary endothelial cells were examined in the presence or absence of PEDF (1, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml) using cell counts and migration assays. RESULTS Cells bound to the beads were isolated using a magnetic particle concentrator and they were successfully cultured and characterized to be endothelial cells that possessed greater than 95% immunoreactivity to von Willebrand factor. PEDF suppressed the proliferation and migration of VEGF-induced choroidal capillary endothelial cells. However, the concentration of PEDF which we used has little effect on normal CECs. CONCLUSIONS PEDF played an important role on the growth and migration of VEGF-stimulated choroidal endothelial cell. These findings suggest that PEDF may be an effective approach to the treatment of choroidal neovascular disorders.
Strategic management in the public sector: a rational, political or collaborative approach?

Although experimented within public organisations for over 30 years, strategic planning and management still raise a number of questions and doubts as to their ability to improve public performance. The purpose of this article is to look into the strategy formulation processes in the public sector and the type of strategic approach that best matches the characteristics of this sector. It sets out to do so by first drawing up a theoretical analysis grid, based on the three main approaches to strategy in the public sector. This is followed by an exploratory case study that brings to light a complex strategic process that combines and alternates rational, collaborative and political decision-making logics, and a planned and incremental development. Points for practitioners This research highlights the need to combine different logics and approaches in the strategic control of public organisations: a rational logic, a political logic and a collaborative logic. It underlines, in particular, the importance for public managers to build skills in the development and management of inter-organisational networks and interpersonal relationships. The ability to create interactions between a variety of stakeholders, both internal and external, to mobilise and channel collective intelligence towards the definition and implementation of public projects and policies is a key component of the strategic management of public organisations.
Stream Processing Systems Have Arrived at the Big Data Party. But Where Are All the Benchmarks?

Stream processing systems have now become an integral part of the Big Data ecosystem. Unfortunately, streaming benchmarks have not followed suit leading to non-representative benchmarking of systems. Benchmarks in general have many use cases including: (a) comparing two or more systems, (b) matching applications and workloads to systems, and (c) configuring and optimizing a system. Due to these factors, the Big Data domain has many benchmarks including TPC for DBMS, workload traces for MapReduce, and synthetic workload generators for NoSQL stores and filesystems. In contrast, the stream processing community only has a single benchmark: Linear Road [2]. Even this benchmark is outdated now as at the time of its development, stream processing was numerical-data centric due to the focus on sensor networks and financial transactions while now a large class of Web 2.0 applications requires text analysis. As a result, almost all recent scholarly work has relied on non-standard benchmarks [1, 3]. To remedy this, stream processing benchmarks need to be designed by taking production applications and workloads into consideration. These benchmark suites need to also be mindful of the idiosyncrasies of streaming applications, such as tuple data type and cardinality, and data rate and distribution while allowing different characteristics of the target systems to be tested, such as performance, scalability, and fault-tolerance. To enable this, real-world Web 2.0 production environments need to share their workload traces with the community and academia needs to think benchmarks first. Only then can stream processing systems be properly compared, contrasted, and enhanced. BODY The ubiquity of stream processing systems and applications necessitates the development of a real-world TPC-like benchmark suite.