Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notes On The Design Of An Internet Adversary

HP Labs, Palo Alto, CAAbstract. The design of the defenses Internetsystems can deploy againstattack, especially adaptive and resilient defenses, must start from a real-istic model of the threat. This requires an assessment of the capabilitiesof the adversary. The design typically evolves through a process of sim-ulating both the system and the adversary. This requires the design andimplementation of a simulated adversary based on the capability assess-ment. Consensus on the capabilities of a suitable adversary is not evident.Part of the recent redesign of the protocol used by peers in the LOCKSSdigital preservation system included a conservative assessment of the ad-versary’s capabilities. We present our assessment and the implicationswe drew from it as a step towards a reusable adversary speciﬁcation.
Eigenanalysis applied to speaker identification using gammatone auditory filterbank and independent component analysis

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm specifically designed for speaker identification applications. The proposed algorithm is an extension of the previously developed Gammatone auditory filterbank and independent component analysis (GTF-ICA) method. GTF-ICA extracts features which emphasis the difference in the statistical structures in human cochlea frequency bands among the speakers. This method results in significant improvements in identification accuracy over conventional methods when speech is corrupted by additive noise or the training and testing environments are mismatched. However GTF-ICA introduces high computational cost during identifying the speaker. In our proposed algorithm, eigenanalysis is applied to the extracted features to capture the most important features. Therefore the proposed algorithm reduces the dimension of the feature so as to decrease the computation load. In addition, it increases the identification rate in noisy environment since the noise elements are deleted by the eigenanalysis process.
Modeling the adaptive immune system: predictions and simulations

Abstract Motivation: Immunological bioinformatics methods are applicable to a broad range of scientific areas. The specifics of how and where they might be implemented have recently been reviewed in the literature. However, the background and concerns for selecting between the different available methods have so far not been adequately covered. Summary: Before using predictions systems, it is necessary to not only understand how the methods are constructed but also their strength and limitations. The prediction systems in humoral epitope discovery are still in their infancy, but have reached a reasonable level of predictive strength. In cellular immunology, MHC class I binding predictions are now very strong and cover most of the known HLA specificities. These systems work well for epitope discovery, and predictions of the MHC class I pathway have been further improved by integration with state-of-the-art prediction tools for proteasomal cleavage and TAP binding. By comparison, class II MHC binding predictions have not developed to a comparable accuracy level, but new tools have emerged that deliver significantly improved predictions not only in terms of accuracy, but also in MHC specificity coverage. Simulation systems and mathematical modeling are also now beginning to reach a level where these methods will be able to answer more complex immunological questions. Contact: lunde@cbs.dtu. dk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Semantic-Oriented 3 D Model Classification and Retrieval Using Gaussian Processes

The need of retrieving 3D models is constantly emerging. To improve the performance of a shape-based 3D model retrieval system, an approach is introduced to classify and retrieve 3D model by integrating shape features and semantic information. First, a new type of shape feature based on 2D views (called ZA) is proposed. Then we use Gaussian processes as supervised learning to mode the mapping from low-level features to query concepts. At last the method ranks models by the overall distance determined by a weighted sum of the semantic distance and the shape feature distance. Experimental results show that the performance of the 3D model’s multiclass classifier using proposed method is significantly higher than those of other supervised learning methods, and the retrieval can capture the query model’s high-level semantics, the retrieval performance is improved.
Evidence for Distinct Mechanisms of Starch Granule Breakdown in Plants*

The aim of this work was to understand the initial steps of starch breakdown inside chloroplasts. In the non-living endosperm of germinating cereal grains, starch breakdown is initiated by α-amylase secreted from surrounding cells. However, loss of α-amylase from Arabidopsis does not prevent chloroplastic starch breakdown (Yu, T.-S., Zeeman, S. C., Thorneycroft, D., Fulton, D. C., Dunstan, H., Lue, W.-L., Hegemann, B., Tung, S.-Y., Umemoto, T., Chapple, A., Tsai, D.-L., Wang, S.-M, Smith, A. M., Chen, J., and Smith, S. M. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 9773-9779), implying that other enzymes must attack the starch granule. Here, we present evidence that the debranching enzyme isoamylase 3 (ISA3) acts at the surface of the starch granule. Atisa3 mutants have more leaf starch and a slower rate of starch breakdown than wild-type plants. The amylopectin of Atisa3 contains many very short branches and ISA3-GFP localizes to granule-like structures inside chloroplasts. We suggest that ISA3 removes short branches from the granule surface. To understand how some starch is still degraded in Atisa3 mutants we eliminated a second debranching enzyme, limit dextrinase (pullulanase-type). Atlda mutants are indistinguishable from the wild type. However, the Atisa3/Atlda double mutant has a more severe starch-excess phenotype and a slower rate of starch breakdown than Atisa3 single mutants. The double mutant accumulates soluble branched oligosaccharides (limit dextrins) that are undetectable in the wild-type and the single mutants. Together these results suggest that glucan debranching occurs primarily at the granule surface via ISA3, but in its absence soluble branched glucans are debranched in the stroma via limit dextrinase. Consistent with this model, chloroplastic α-amylase AtAMY3, which could release soluble branched glucans, is induced in Atisa3 and in the Atisa3/Atlda double mutant.
Retrospective Evaluation of Autoacoustic Emission Test and Auditory Brainstem Response in Risky Newborns

Correspondence (İletişim): Gürkan Atay, M.D. Istanbul Universitesi, Istanbul Tip Fakultesi, Cocuk Yogun Bakim Anabilim Dali, Istanbul, Turkey Phone (Telefon): +90 505 440 91 27 E-mail (E-posta): drgurkanatay@yahoo.com Submitted Date (Başvuru Tarihi): 23.07. 2018 Accepted Date (Kabul Tarihi): 26.07. 2018 Copyright 2020 Haydarpaşa Numune Medical Journal OPEN ACCESS This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 2 Yavanoğlu Atay et al., Autoacoustic Emission Test and Auditory Brainstem Response in Risky Newborns / doi: 10.14744/hnhj.2018. 43760 ing. These are evoked auto acoustic emissions (EOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) methods. Both methods work automatically, provide results in a short time and do not require invasive procedures [9, 10]. In this study, we planned the EOAE and ABR results of newborns with risk factors to contribute to and evaluate the national data. Materials and Methods Otoacoustic emission tests are performed for every newborn in Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital. The babies are evaluated by a pediatrician before being discharged and the Hearing Screening Information Form stated in the circular published on 31.01. 2007 by the General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning of the Ministry of Health is completed. Each baby is subjected to a TEOAE test before discharge, and the remaining infants are called for a checkup. ABR test is applied to all babies with risk factors and failed in the TEOAE test. All the tests are performed by experienced audiologists at the ENT Clinic under appropriate conditions. One hundred four babies with risk factors born in our hospital between January 2011 and July 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Risk factors were obtained from the Hearing Screening Information Form. Statistical Analysis In this study, statistical analysis was performed using NCSS (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) package. For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation), independent t-test was used for comparison of two groups, chi-square test and odds ratio were used for comparison of qualitative data. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting hearing loss. The results were evaluated at p<0.05 level of significance.
Autapses and Networks of Hippocampal Neurons Exhibit Distinct Synaptic Transmission Phenotypes in the Absence of Synaptotagmin I

Synaptotagmin-I (syt-I) is required for rapid neurotransmitter release in mouse hippocampal neurons. However, contradictory results have been reported regarding evoked and spontaneous secretion from syt-I knock-out (KO) neurons. Here, we compared synaptic transmission in two different hippocampal neuron preparations: autaptic cultures in which a single isolated cell innervates itself, and dissociated mass cultures in which individual cells are innervated by neighboring cells. In autaptic cultures, the total extent of evoked release, size of readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, and release probability were unchanged in syt-I KO neurons. In contrast, in cultures containing multiple interconnected neurons, total evoked release, the number of docked vesicles, and release probability, were significantly reduced in syt-I KO neurons. Using a micronetwork system in which we varied the number of cells on an island, we found that the frequency of spontaneous synaptic vesicle fusion events (minis) was unchanged in syt-I KO neurons when two or fewer cells were present on an island. However, in micronetworks composed of three or more neurons, mini frequency was increased threefold to fivefold in syt-I KO neurons compared with wild type. Moreover, interneuronal synapses exhibited higher rates of spontaneous release than autaptic synapses. This higher rate was attributable to an increase in release probability because excitatory hippocampal neurons in micronetworks formed a set number of synapses per cell regardless of the number of connected neurons. Thus, aspects of synaptic transmission differ between autaptic and dissociated cultures, and the synaptic transmission phenotype, resulting from loss of syt-I, is dictated by the connectivity of neurons.
Learning ordered word representations with γ-decay dropout

Learning distributed word representations (word embeddings) has gained much popularity recently. Current learning approaches usually treat all dimensions of the embeddings as homogeneous, which leads to non-structured representations where the dimensions are neither interpretable nor comparable. This paper proposes a method to generate ordered word embed-dings where the significance of the dimensions is in descending order. The ordering mechanism may benefit a wide range of applications such as fast search, vector tailor, and so on. Our method employs a γ-decay dropout algorithm to make sure in the learning process the lower dimensions are more likely to be updated than the higher dimensions so that the lower dimensions can encode more information. The experimental results on the WordSimilarity-353, MEN3000, SCWS and SimLex-999 tasks show that compared to the non-ordered counterparts the proposed method indeed produced more meaningful ordered embeddings and achieved better performance.
One Simple Ontology for Linked Data Sets

The Linking Open Data (LOD) cloud includes over 26 billion RDF triples from various domains. In order to access linked data sets, Semantic Web users have to understand the ontology schema of the data sets. However, understanding all the ontologies used in the LOD cloud is not feasible and is time-consuming. A simple and easily understandable ontology that integrates ontology schema from different data sets is a solution to this problem. This paper proposes an automatic ontology learning method that integrates ontologies from different linked data sets, and presents case studies to show the advantages of our approach.
A Unified Bellman Equation for Causal Information and Value in Markov Decision Processes

The interaction between an artificial agent and its environment is bi-directional. The agent extracts relevant information from the environment, and affects the environment by its actions in return to accumulate high expected reward. Standard reinforcement learning (RL) deals with the expected reward maximization. However, there are always information-theoretic limitations that restrict the expected reward, which are not properly considered by the standard RL. In this work we consider RL objectives with information-theoretic limitations. For the first time we derive a Bellman-type recursive equa- tion for the causal information between the environment and the agent, which is combined plausibly with the Bellman recursion for the value function. The unified equitation serves to explore the typical behavior of artificial agents in an infinite time horizon.
HIDDEN JARGON: EVERYDAY WORDS WITH MEANINGS SPECIFIC TO STATISTICS

If students of statistics or our collaborators from other disciplines do not immediately understand the terms “probit regression” or “kriging”, we are not surprised and are happy to carefully explain these advanced statistical terms and concepts. A different class of words has one or more distinct statistical meanings in addition to their standard English definitions and is ripe for confusion among students. More subtly, some of the key words of statistics, such as design, parameters, model and analysis, are also the key words of other disciplines. Each discipline has assigned subtle associations to these words beyond their standard dictionary definitions with hidden connotations and implied connections to concepts. We consider some multi-discipline keywords, discuss how to build awareness about the potential for confusion by interdisciplinary collaborators or out-of-major students, and how to resolve the communication gap.
Holistic Analysis for Deadline Scheduled Real-Time Distributed Systems

The holistic theory is a very interesting approach formerly proposed by Tindell and Clark~\cite{Tin94b} for assessing the feasibility of fixed priority real-time systems. Its major merit is to make the analysis of distributed systems tractable, without being at the same time too pessimistic. In this paper we extend the holistic theory to the analysis of deadline scheduled real-time distributed systems. Owing to its predictability, the Timed Token MAC protocol is assumed to arbitrate network accesses among host processors. Furthermore, in order to achieve a large resource utilization, outgoing packets are assumed to be locally queued earliest deadline first. A procedure for the computation of worst-case message communication delays is also given. The theory described in the paper is validated by means of a case study application, in which worst-case response times of {\em end-to-end} computations are tightly bounded. The example has confirmed the effectiveness of a global deadline scheduling approach.
Title : Decision Support for Iteration Scheduling in Agile Environments

Today's software business development projects often lay claim to low-risk value to the customers in order to be financed. Emerging agile processes o er shorter investment periods, faster time-to-market and better customer satisfaction. To date, however, in agile environments there is no sound methodological schedule support contrary to the traditional plan-based approaches. To address this situation, we present an agile iteration scheduling method whose usefulness is evaluated with post-mortem simulation. It demonstrates that the method can significantly improve load balancing of resources (cca. 5 ), produce higher quality and lower-risk feasible schedule, and provide more informed and established decisions by optimized schedule production. Finally, the paper analyzes bene ts and issues from the use
Comments on "A Semi-blind Digital Watermarking Scheme Based on Singular Value Decomposition"

For original paper see J. Shich, D.Lou and M. Chang, ibid., vol.28, p.428-440, (2006). In a recent paper, a robust water-marking approach for hiding grayscale image watermark into digital images based on SVD (singular value decomposition) is proposed by Shich et al. This comment demonstrates that the high robustness of the proposed scheme against various attacks is a result of improper algorithm design. The extracted watermark is just determined by the reference watermark used during the extraction process no matter what the input suspected image is.
On Developing 2-D Signal Processing Applications KP Lam Computer Science

The rapid growth in capability and performance of modern computer systems can be attrib uted to the underlying Very Large Scale Integration technology, which enables an unpr ecedented number of components to fit on a c hip and clock rates to incr ease. However, such a remarkable pr ogress in modular systems construction, used successfully in the recent r evolution in digital telecommunications, has yet to be matc hed by softwar e design (even) in the same field.This paper discusses softwar e development issues on two-dimensional digital signal pr ocessing, and assesses the cr edentials of J ava as a pr actical programming language. Using previous work as a case study , it attempts to further under stand the for egoing architectural evolution which may bring about a con vergence of the tr aditionally disparate appr oaches of softwar e and hardware design.
Variable Helper Effects, Ecological Conditions, and the Evolution of Cooperative Breeding in the Acorn Woodpecker

The ecological conditions leading to delayed dispersal and helping behavior are generally thought to follow one of two contrasting scenarios: that conditions are stable and predictable, resulting in young being ecologically forced to remain as helpers (extrinsic constraints and the habitat saturation hypothesis), or that conditions are highly variable and unpredictable, leading to the need for helpers to raise young, at least when conditions are poor (intrinsic constraints and the hard life hypothesis). We investigated how variability in ecological conditions influences the degree to which helpers augment breeder fitness in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), a species in which the acorn crop, territory quality, and prior breeding experience all vary in ways that have important effects on fitness. We found that the relationship between ecological conditions and the probability that birds would remain as helpers was variable but that helpers generally yielded greater fitness benefits when ecological conditions were favorable, rather than unfavorable, for breeding. These results affirm the importance of extrinsic constraints to delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding in this species, despite its dependence on a highly variable and unpredictable acorn crop. Our findings also confirm that helpers can have very different fitness effects, depending on conditions, but that those effects are not necessarily greater when breeding conditions are unfavorable.
Hot-melt extrusion and prilling as contemporary and promising techniques in the solvent free production of solid oral dosage forms, based on solid dispersions

Hot melt extrusion and prilling are gaining importance as solvent free and continuous techniques in the production of solid oral dosage forms with added value, by incorporating active compound in a molten carrier which is further solidified to form solid dispersion. This article reviews these two techniques in terms of understanding process basics, equipment characteristics, required properties of processed materials and application of the processes for development of solid oral dosage forms. Studies revealed that both hot-melt extrusion and prilling are regarded as simple, robust and continuous methods for processing different types of materials and production of solid dosage forms based on solid matrices. However, understanding of their concepts and requirements together with careful material selection is crucial for stable material processing and obtaining stable products of high-quality. Hot-melt extrusion proved to be a suitable method for production of modified release dosage forms, taste masked dosage forms and dosage forms offering improved drug dissolution rate and solubility. Prilling till now has been successfully applied just in the production of multiple unit drug delivery systems for immediate and sustained drug delivery. Further studies on product development and process understanding are required for full implementation of prilling in the pharmaceutical field.
A Secure Communication Model for Voting Application Using Multiple Mobile Agents

Communicating with confidential data requires special attention in a Mobile Agents environment, especially when the other hosts must be prevented from eavesdropping the communication. We propose a communication model for secured communication between the agents belonging to different entities for a web based application like voting involving multiple agents. We have used BRAHMS agent modeling, simulation and execution environment for the purpose. Data confidentiality is ensured using our on the fly EncryptionDecryption sequence using ElGamal system. We also explain how the homomorphic property of ElGamal scheme can be integrated with our model. Our minimal simulation results using BRAHMS give a faithful picture of the state of the agents as they move around the different servers and exchange data with other agents.
Extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease

SUMMARY Global climate change is expected to affect the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme water-related weather events such as excessive precipitation, floods, and drought. We conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events. Four medical and meteorological databases (Medline, Embase, GeoRef, PubMed) and a global electronic reporting system (ProMED) were searched, from 1910 to 2010. Eighty-seven waterborne outbreaks involving extreme water-related weather events were identified and included, alongside 235 ProMED reports. Heavy rainfall and flooding were the most common events preceding outbreaks associated with extreme weather and were reported in 55·2% and 52·9% of accounts, respectively. The most common pathogens reported in these outbreaks were Vibrio spp. (21·6%) and Leptospira spp. (12·7%). Outbreaks following extreme water-related weather events were often the result of contamination of the drinking-water supply (53·7%). Differences in reporting of outbreaks were seen between the scientific literature and ProMED. Extreme water-related weather events represent a risk to public health in both developed and developing countries, but impact will be disproportionate and likely to compound existing health disparities.