Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Historical causes for the greater proportion of polyploid plants in higher latitudes

Premise of the Study The proportion of polyploid plants in a community increases with latitude, and different hypotheses have been proposed about which factors drive this pattern. Here, we aim to understand the historical causes of the latitudinal polyploidy gradient using a combination of ancestral state reconstruction methods. Specifically, we assess whether (1) polyploidization enables movement to higher latitudes (i.e., polyploidization precedes occurrences in higher latitudes) or (2) higher latitudes facilitate polyploidization (i.e., occurrence in higher latitudes precedes polyploidization). Methods We reconstruct the ploidy states and ancestral niches of 1,032 angiosperm species at four paleoclimatic time slices ranging from 3.3 million years ago to the present, comprising taxa from four well-represented clades: Onagraceae, Primulaceae, Solanum (Solanaceae), and Pooideae (Poaceae). We use ancestral niche reconstruction models alongside a customized discrete character evolution model to allow reconstruction of states at specific time slices. Patterns of latitudinal movement are reconstructed and compared in relation to inferred ploidy shifts. Key Results We find that no single hypothesis applies equally well across all analyzed clades. While significant differences in median latitudinal occurrence were detected in the largest clade, Pooideae, no significant differences were detected in latitudinal movement in any clade. Conclusions Our preliminary study is the first to attempt to connect ploidy changes to continuous latitudinal movement, but we cannot favor one hypothesis over another. Given that patterns seem to be clade-specific, a larger number of clades must be analyzed in future studies for generalities to be drawn.
Distinct basal ganglia contributions to learning from implicit and explicit value signals in perceptual decision-making

Metacognitive evaluations of confidence provide an estimate of decision accuracy that could guide learning in the absence of explicit feedback. We examine how humans might learn from this implicit feedback in direct comparison with that of explicit feedback, using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. Participants performed a motion direction discrimination task where stimulus difficulty was increased to maintain performance, with intermixed explicit- and no-feedback trials. We isolate single-trial estimates of post-decision confidence using EEG decoding, and find these neural signatures re-emerge at the time of feedback together with separable signatures of explicit feedback. We identified these signatures of implicit versus explicit feedback along a dorsal-ventral gradient in the striatum, a finding uniquely enabled by an EEG-fMRI fusion. These two signals are then integrated into an aggregate representation in the external globus pallidus, which broadcasts updates to improve cortical decision processing via the thalamus and insular cortex, irrespective of the source of feedback.
The Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss

Foreword * An Emerging Consensus on Biodiversity Loss * A Framework for Analysing Biodiversity Loss * Ten Case Studies: an Overview * Main Findings and Conclusions of the Root Cause Project * Recommendations on Addressing the Root Causes of Biodiversity Loss * Brazil: Cerrado * Cameroon: Bushmeat and Wildlife Trade * China: South-Western Forests * Danube River Basin: Wetlands and Floodplains * India: Chilika Lake * Mexico: Clakmul Biosphere Reserve * Pakistan: Cebu, Negros and Palawan * Tanzania: Rufiji, Ruvu and Wami Mangroves * Vietnam: North and Central Highlands * Notes * References * Index
Counting connected components of the complement of the image of a codimension $1$ map

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L G ] 3 0 M ay 2 00 5 A linear memory algorithm for Baum-Welch training

Background: Baum-Welch training is an expectation-maximisation algorithm for training the emission and transition probabilities of hidden Markov models. Until know, no memory-efficient algorithm was available. Methods and results: We introduce a linear space algorithm for Baum-Welch training. For a hidden Markov model with M states, T free transition and E free emission parameters, and an input sequence of length L, our new algorithm requires O(M) memory and O(LMmax (T + E + M)) time for one Baum-Welch iteration, where Mmax is the maximum number of states that any state is connected to. The most memory efficient algorithm until now was the checkpointing algorithm with O(log(L)M) memory and O(log(L)LMmax (T + E + M)) running time. For an n-hidden Markov model and n input sequences of length L, the requirement of O(log(L)LM) memory and O(log(L)LMmax (T + E + M)) time is reduced to O(L M) memory and O(LMmax (T + E + M)) time. An added advantage of our algorithm is that it is very simple to implement because it does not require sophisticated programming techniques like checkpoints or recursive functions. Conclusions: We present the first linear space algorithm for Baum-Welch training. For hidden Markov models whose number of states does not scale with the length of the input sequence, our novel algorithm significantly reduces both the memory and time requirement by a factor log(L) with respect to the best existing algorithm.
A phylogenetics-based nomenclature system for steroid receptors in teleost fishes

Teleost fishes have emerged as tractable models for studying the neuroendocrine regulation of social behavior via molecular genetic techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Moreover, teleosts provide an opportunity to investigate the evolution of steroid receptors and their functions, as species within this lineage possess novel steroid receptor paralogs that resulted from a teleost-specific whole genome duplication. Although teleost fishes have grown in popularity as models for behavioral neuroendocrinology, there is not a consistent nomenclature system for steroid receptors and their genes, which may impede a clear understanding of steroid receptor paralogs and their functions. Here, we used a phylogenetic approach to assess the relatedness of protein sequences encoding steroid receptor paralogs in 18 species from 12 different orders of the Infraclass Teleostei. While most similarly named sequences grouped based on the established phylogeny of the teleost fish lineage, our analysis revealed several inconsistencies in the nomenclature of steroid receptor paralogs, particularly for sequences encoding estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Based on our results, we propose a nomenclature system for teleosts in which Greek symbols refer to proteins and numbers refer to genes encoding different subtypes of steroid receptors within the five major groups of this nuclear receptor subfamily. Collectively, our results bridge a critical gap by providing a cohesive naming system for steroid receptors in teleost fishes, which will serve to improve communication, promote collaboration, and enhance our understanding of the evolution and function of steroid receptors across vertebrates.
Kicker-magnet for the 5.0 MeV polarimeter at MESA

The Mainz Energy recovering Superconducting Accelerator (MESA) is designed for high-precision measurements of parity violating observables which requires accurate knowledge of the spin polarization of the electron beam. A chain of polarimeters at different beam energies is planned, including a Mott polarimeter operating at 5 . 0 MeV. We present a preliminary design for an extraction beam line towards the Mott polarimeter. A special design of a kicker-magnet is introduced which offers advantages in comparison to conventional magnets
Energy Beam Position Monitor Button Array Electronics for the European XFEL

The European XFEL (X-Ray Free Electron Laser) at DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) in Hamburg/Schenefeld started commissioning in early 2017. Before the pulsed electron beam is accelerated to its final energy of 14 GeV, the energy of the bunch can be compressed in three bunch compression chicanes at 130 MeV, 700 MeV and 2400 MeV. The vacuum chamber in these sections is tapered from 40 mm round beam pipe to a 40 cm rectangular shaped vacuum section. A custom made button array type of BPM(Beam position Monitor) is installed in this section with 26 button electrode feed-throughs. The analog and digital readout electronics for this monitor and the first experience with the calibration and operational aspects of this system are presented in this poster.
Discriminant Function Analysis Reveals Which Combination of Measures from the NFL Scouting Combine Predict NFL Performance

The National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine (the Combine), is an annual track-meet style event where NFL scouts and general managers evaluate newly-eligible players before the upcoming draft. During the Combine, players’ height, weight, speed, agility, acceleration, jumping, explosive movement, and strength are measured through their participation in multiple drills such as the 40-yard dash, vertical jump, and bench press. Although numerous studies have tested which individual drills predict NFL success for different positions, the results are often inconsistent across studies. These previous studies rely largely on individual predictors without considering how the various abilities measured at the Combine work together to predict performance. In this study, using discriminate function analysis, we analyze 20 years of data to identify the best combination of skills necessary to achieve varying levels of success for each player position. To date, this study represents the largest, most comprehensive study on the topic. We found that for offensive positions, single measures were often the best predictors of success. By contrast, for defensive positions, we found significant discriminant functions identifying unique combinations of traits that predicted success. We examined success using multiple benchmarks: draft status, number of games played, number of games started, and honors received. All significance tests were two-tailed, alpha = . 05. These results indicate that, at least for some NFL positions, scouts and general managers should consider relative performance across multiple drills. Differences between the predictors presumably used by scouts and general managers when drafting players and those which predict actual NFL success are discussed.
UvA-DARE Cultural norms influence non-verbal emotion communication: Japanese vocalizations of socially disengaging emotions

Nonverbal vocalizations of some emotions have been found to be recognizable both within and across cultures. However, East Asians tend to suppress socially disengaging emotions because of interdependent views on self-other relationships. Here we tested the possibility that norms in interdependent cultures around socially disengaging emotions may influence nonverbal vocal communication of emotions. Specifically, we predicted that East Asians’ vocalizations of socially disengaging emotions would be less recognizable to Westerners than those of other emotions. To test this hypothesis, we performed a balanced cross-cultural experiment in which 30 Dutch and 30 Japanese listeners categorized and rated Dutch and Japanese vocalizations expressing nine emotions including anger and triumph, two socially disengaging emotions. The only condition for which recognition performance failed to exceed chance level was Dutch listeners’ judgments of Japanese anger vocalizations, p (cid:2) . 302. The magnitude of the in-group advantage (i.e., enhanced recognition accuracy when producer and perceiver cultures match) was also largest for Japanese anger vocalizations out of all the 18 conditions investigated, p (cid:3) . 001. The second largest in-group advantage was obtained for Japanese triumph vocalizations, p (cid:3) . 001. In addition, Dutch listeners rated Japanese vocalizations of anger and triumph as less intense, negative/ positive, and aroused than did Japanese listeners, p s (cid:3) . 001. Taken together, these findings suggest that East Asian-specific cultural norms of interpersonal relationships are associated with specificity in nonverbal vocal communication of socially disengaging emotions, especially anger, to the point that some signals can only be understood by individuals who are culturally familiar with them.
3D Numerical Modelling of Hydropeaking Scenarios in Norwegian Regulated Rivers

Abstract The objective of this masters thesis has been to investigate the capabilities of the CFD packages Star CCM+ and SSIIM to model hydro-peaking scenarios in regulated natural rivers in 3D using a RANS method. Two Norwegian regulated rivers are modeled, Surna and Lundesokna. In Surna, flow fields and bed shear-forces are compared for the Star CCM+ and SSIIM models. In Lundesokna flow fields and water surface elevations from simulations in Star CCM+ are compared to field data at steady flow conditions. For unsteady flow a Star CCM+ simulation are compared to video footage of a hydro-peaking event. The Surna Star CCM+ numerical model predicts a comparable flow field to SSIIM for both steady and unsteady flow. The magnitudes of velocities and shear-forces, however, deviate. Unphysical velocities and shear forces were found in parts of the cells in the Star CCM+ model. A review of the model shows that the unphysical velocity errors are likely caused by a too coarse grid and problems with the VOF method. Efforts to run simulations on a finer grid were discontinued because of a lack of available computational resources. Both the Surna numerical models achieved convergent solutions for unsteady flow. However, due to the quasi-unsteady treatment of the flow in SSIIM the SSIIM model is not able to capture wave effects. In consequence the SSIIM model predicts peaks about 600 seconds earlier than the Star CCM+ model for unsteady flow. When accounting for this effect the models show similar flow fields but deviating velocity and shear-force magnitudes as for the steady flow. Comparison to field data show that the Lundesokna Star CCM+ model is able to predict flow fields and water surface elevation with high accuracy for steady flow between 10 m3/s and 20 m3/s discharge. The unsteady flow simulation shows visual resemblance with the video footage, however, field data measurements are required to quantify the accuracy of the numerical model for transient conditions.
The Landscape of Committing Authenticated Encryption

Authenticated encryption (AE) currently aims to provide privacy and authenticity of the communicated data. Recent attacks and applications [3, 4, 8, 15, 16, 21] motivate an additional security attribute, namely to be committing. This means a ciphertext should be a commitment to the key, and beyond that, possibly to all the inputs to the encryption algorithm. In the proposed talk, we will start by surveying the landscape of committing AE, listing available schemes and comparing then along a set of metrics involving both security and cost. We will see that committing security can be achieved quite cheaply if one is content with 64-bit security, but we will argue that, due to offline attacks, standards should target 128bit security. But current schemes for this all pay in increased ciphertext size compared to the underlying (non-committing) AE scheme. We present a new, general, and arguably surprising technique that succeeds in eliminating this overhead, providing 128 bits of committing security, with no increase in ciphertext size compared to the underlying AE scheme. We report on implementation-based performance assessments that show that our new schemes compare well in computation time to alternatives.
Tracking inﬂuences of Asian urban greenhouse gas emissions for sustainability policies: Preliminary report

While nations have made commitments to address climate change, scholars estimate that even if these commitments are met, there remains an emissions gap between where we are and where we want to be to keep the globe under 1.5 ◦ C. Cities around the world are working to reduce this gap. Asian cities are large greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and will be so over the next few decades. It is therefore urgent to identify ways in which the region’s cities can become more efficient and less polluting. This study is an APN research project that examines the GHG emissions at the sub-city level across 5 Asian cities (Tokyo, Beijing, Taipei, Seoul and Bangkok) as well as in New York City. The attempt is to identifypotentialstrategiesforlow-carbonpathways.Theresearch demonstrates that, in most cases, national and urban emissions are increasing, although the APN research teams identiﬁed stable emissions over the past few years in Beijing and Tokyo. However, the emissions proﬁles are different. Therefore, reducing emissions will require different strategies across the region’s cities. The study identiﬁes some general policy priorities for cities based on the results of case studies.
Statement of Research Interests

My research focuses on the investigation of cause-effect-relationships in different fields of Psychology, primarily Applied Psychology. I am particularly interested in analyzing how different kinds of " environments "-natural, man-made, social or work related – influence our perceptions, our well-being, our behavior, and how individuals try to cope with these demands in the sense of reducing stress by applying different coping strategies (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). To date, I worked in three different research areas: the theoretical background of my work in the environmental field lies in the theory of affordances (Gibson, 1977), Barkers' behavior setting approach (1968), the transactional stress theory (Lazarus & Launier, 1978) and the notion of environmental stressors (Evans & Cohen, 1987) (capitalize all or none). In the field of Social Psychology, I applied Fishbein & Ajzens' " theory of reasoned action " (1975) on the environmental field. My work in the field of Organizational Psycholgy is influenced by Hackers' action theory (1997) and Ulichs' approach of socio-technical systems (1989) as well as by Clarks' psycholinguistical theory of common ground (1996). Since I regard ecological validity as very important in the field of Applied Psychology, most of my studies are field studies of quasi-experimental design. Even though my research is predominantly quantitative and questionnaire-based, I have recently begun to use more qualitative and process-oriented approaches such as learning histories (Kleiner & Roth, 1997) and observation-oriented methods such as video analyses and diary methods. In my studies in the environmental field, I implemented new methods to assess industrial and environmental odors as " environmental stressors " and correlated the results with either physiological measures or questionnaire-based evaluations of the stressor. My masters' thesis in Psychology analyzed the effects of the time structure of traffic noise on subjects in a laboratory setting by assessing physiological and psychological parameters as well as an online-assessment of annoyance. The results showed good accordance between the different measures (Steinheider, 1990; Steinheider et al., 1989). In my Ph.D. thesis, I established new methods for estimating the odor emission on residents and validated those methods in several field studies In these studies, I was one of the first to prove direct associations between odors and health related effects. I concluded that industrial odors should thus be considered as environmental stressors. In all these studies, my colleagues and I observed individual differences as well as different reactions in order to cope with the stressor. Since …
For a joint operator-centric approach to assessing network management effort

Even for experts, networks are complicated to troubleshoot, manage, and plan. Adopting human-centered design methods has the potential to facilitate the creation of more manageable networks. In this paper, we investigate a quantitative method that involves defining and measuring the complexity of operating different types of architectures from the perspective of the space of network parameters that need to be monitored and configured. We present OPLEX, a novel framework based on the analysis of YANG data models of network implementations that enables operators to compare architecture options based on the dimension of the parameter space. The benefits of the proposed framework are illustrated in the use case of Internet Exchange Point (IXP) network architectures, for which we take advantage of the rich set of publicly available data. We also exploit the survey results and direct consultations we conducted with operators and vendors of IXPs on their perception of complexity when operating different architectures. OPLEX is flexible, builds upon data models with widespread usage in the community, and provides a practical solution geared towards operators for characterizing the complexity of network architecture options.
Exact solution for shear deformable model of free damped vibration of magnetorheological fluid sandwich beam

Abstract An exact procedure is proposed to analyze vibration suppression of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) sandwich beams based on the Timoshenko shear deformable beam model. The equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions are extracted using Hamilton’s principle. Then, by introducing four innovative functions, five highly coupled equations of motion are divided into three coupled equations and two independent equations. Employing a systematic procedure, the displacement fields and consequently frequency characteristic equation of the beam are exactly derived. High accuracy and stability of the exact natural frequencies and corresponding loss factors are shown in comparison with those available in literature.
Fertility preservation in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer: Quality of clinical practice guidelines and variations in recommendations

Fertility preservation care for children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYAs) with cancer is not uniform among practitioners. To ensure high‐quality care, evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are essential. The authors identified existing CPGs for fertility preservation in CAYAs with cancer, evaluated their quality, and explored differences in recommendations.
INDENTIFYING AND FILTERING HASHTAGS IN INSTAGRAM USING HITS ALGORITHM

1.ABSTRACT Analysing specific tags for images and other sorts of multimedia is quite easy with Instagram. The combination of tags and images are utilized to furnish automatic image annotation (AIA) systems that learn through real time approach. Many unrelated images are accompanied by a multitude of irrelevant hashtags, also known as stop-hashtags, solely for the purpose of attracting clicks and improving their discoverability. Typically, around 20% of hashtags on Instagram are associated with or illustrative to the image's visual content. In this proposal, a novel approach is presented that utilizes the principles of communal intelligence to discovering appropriate hashtags. More specifically, we picturesque the altered version of the renowed algorithm called HITS which was used in community tagging environment that bestows to be a trustworthy and efficient way to create an exemplary and error-free training sets for the retrieval of image based on the content. We have chosen hashtags as a proof-of principles, by utilizing the Figure-eight crowdsourcing platform which enables the gathering of collective knowledge. Bipartite networks were constructed using the crowdsourcing data, with the first kind of nodes representing annotators and the second kind representing hashtags that have picked out. After ranking the annotators based on their effectiveness in the crowd tagging activity, the HITS algorithm was used to choose the relevant hashtags for each image.