Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlating Calmodulin Landscapes with Chemical Catalysis in Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase using Time-Resolved FRET and a 5-Deazaflavin Thermodynamic Trap

A major challenge in enzymology is the need to correlate the dynamic properties of enzymes with, and understand the impact on, their catalytic cycles. This is especially the case with large, multicenter enzymes such as the nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), where the importance of dynamics has been inferred from a variety of structural, single-molecule, and ensemble spectroscopic approaches but where motions have not been correlated experimentally with mechanistic steps in the reaction cycle. Here we take such an approach. Using time-resolved spectroscopy employing absorbance and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and exploiting the properties of a flavin analogue (5-deazaflavin mononucleotide (5-dFMN)) and isotopically labeled nicotinamide coenzymes, we correlate the timing of CaM structural changes when bound to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with the nNOS catalytic cycle. We show that remodeling of CaM occurs early in the electron transfer sequence (FAD reduction), not at later points in the reaction cycle (e.g., FMN reduction). Conformational changes are tightly correlated with FAD reduction kinetics and reflect a transient “opening” and then “closure” of the bound CaM molecule. We infer that displacement of the C-terminal tail on binding NADPH and subsequent FAD reduction are the likely triggers of conformational change. By combining the use of cofactor/coenzyme analogues and time-resolved FRET/absorbance spectrophotometry, we show how the reaction cycles of complex enzymes can be simplified, enabling a detailed study of the relationship between protein dynamics and reaction cycle chemistry—an approach that can also be used with other complex multicenter enzymes.
Optimal Distributed Beamforming for Two-Way Relay Networks

In this paper, we consider a relay network which consists of two single-antenna transceivers and nr single-antenna relay nodes. Considering a two time slot two-way relaying scheme, each relay adjusts the phase and the amplitude of the mixture signal it receives from the two transceivers during the first time slot, by multiplying it with a complex beamforming coefficient. Then each relay transmits the so-obtained signal in the second time slot. Aiming at optimally calculating the beamforming coefficients as well as the transceiver transmit powers, we study two different approaches. In the first approach, we minimize the total transmit power (dissipated in the whole network) subject to two constraints on the transceivers' received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). We prove that such a power minimization technique has a unique solution. We also show that the optimal weight vector can be obtained through a simple iterative algorithm which enjoys a linear computational complexity per iteration. We also prove that for symmetric relaying schemes (where the two constraints on the transceiver SNRs are the same), half of the minimum total transmit power will be allocated to the two transceivers and the remaining half will be shared among the relaying nodes. In the second approach, we will study an SNR balancing technique. In this technique, the smaller of the two transceiver SNRs is maximized while the total transmit power is kept below a certain power budget. We show that this problem has also a unique solution which can be obtained through an iterative procedure with a linear computational complexity per iteration. We also prove that this approach leads to a power allocation scheme, where half of the maximum power budget is allocated to the two transceivers and the remaining half will be shared among all the relay nodes. For both approaches, we devise distributed schemes which require a minimal cooperation among the two transceivers and the relays. In fact, we show that both techniques can be implemented such that the bandwidth, required to obtain the beamforming weights in a distributed manner, remains constant as the size of the network grows.
The correspondence problem

• Whyisthe correspondence problem difficult? -Some points in each image will have nocorresponding points in the other image. (1) the cameras might have different fields of view. (2) due to occlusion. -As tereo system must be able to determine the image parts that should not be matched.
Investigation of DG-FinFET Based Half Adder Cell

The Multi-gate CMOS procedure provide to user an epoch of transistors with good scaling veracity, which forces to change traditional approaches to designing low power digital logic, combinational and sequential elements previously used in high performance single-gate devices. In CMOS technology scaling of devices leads to short channel effects and increase in parasitic leakage. Arithmetic and logic circuit in ALU occupy the large area of chip, due to this leakage which is a major factor in new era of technology FinFET devices became a better choice for deep submicron technology. Since in this proposed paper half adder circuit which is composed of XOR and AND logic gate are implemented using shorted gate, double gate finfet structure and compare the leakage current and power. In favor of Double or dual gate MOSFET (DG MOSFET) the gate control above the channel that formed in between source and drain terminal efficiently. As a result the numerous short channel effects like sub-threshold swing, DIBL, gate leakage current, punch through are effects the circuit parameters which is not include growing the no. of carrier concentration addicted to the channel. The simulation work has been performed and compares the analysis of leakage, total power and signal to noise ratio of the circuit, on Cadence virtuoso simulation tool in 45 nm technology.
Affective multimodal mirror: sensing and eliciting laughter

In this paper, we present a multimodal affective mirror that senses and elicits laughter. Currently, the mirror contains a vocal and a facial affect-sensing module, a component that fuses the output of these two modules to achieve a user-state assessment, a user state transition model, and a component to present audiovisual affective feedback that should keep or bring the user in the intended state. Interaction with this intelligent interface involves a full cyclic process of sensing, interpreting, reacting, sensing (of the reaction effects), interpreting & The intention of the mirror is to evoke positive emotions, to make people laugh and to increase the laughter. The first user experiences tests showed that users show cooperative behavior, resulting in mutual user-mirror action-reaction cycles. Most users enjoyed the interaction with the mirror and immersed in an excellent user experience.
The CS 5 Peptide Is a Second Site in the IIICS Region of Fibronectin Recognized by the Integrin

The alternatively spliced type I11 connecting segment (IIICS) region of fibronectin contains two distinct sites that support the adhesion of melanoma cells. These sites are contained within the synthetic peptides CS1 and CS5 (residues 1-25 and 90-109 of the IIICS, respectively). Recently, the cellular receptor for the CS1 site has been identified as the integrin heterodimer a4D1. In this report, we have investigated the role of the CS5 sequence in melanoma cell adhesion and the identity of its receptor. Adhesion to CS5, when presented to cells as an immobilized IgG conjugate, was blocked by antifunctional monoclonal antibodies directed against either the a4 or Dl integrin subunits, but not by antibodies against other subunits, implying that a481 is also the receptor for CS5. In peptide inhibition experiments, CS5 was inhibitory for melanoma cell spreading on both CS5-IgG and CS1-IgG conjugates; conversely, CS1 inhibited spreading on both CS1-IgG and CS5-IgG. In both cases, peptide inhibition could be outcompeted by increasing the concentration of sub-strate-bound conjugate. These results suggest that CS1 and CS5 are recognized by the same or overlapping sites on a4/31. The minimal active sequence within CS5, the tetrapeptide Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV), is somewhat related to the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) sequence that represents a major active site in the central cell-binding domain (CCBD) of fibronectin. When RGDS peptide homologues were tested for their ability to inhibit spreading of melanoma cells on CS1-and CS5-IgG conjugates, GRGES, GRGES, and REDV were found to be inhibitory, while G R E S had no effect. In contrast, spreading on a fibronectin fragment containing the CCBD was inhibited by GRGES only. GRGDS was also able to elute a4D1 specifically from a CS1 affinity column, confirming directly that a4f11-IIICS interactions are sensitive to peptides containing this recognition motif. Because the minimal active sequence within CS1 is the tripeptide Leu-Asp-Val (LDV; Komoriya et aZ., manuscript submitted for publication), these findings together define a new adhesive recognition sequence, X-Asp-Y, used by a4B1 for binding to fibronectin. The central aspartate residue in this tri-peptide is almost always essential, but some flexibility in the amino acid residues at X (glycine, leucine, or glutamic acid) and Y (serine or valine) is tolerated. * These studies were supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust and the Wigan and District Cancer Research Committee (to M. J. H.). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article …
Managing Source Quality Changes in a Data Integration System

This thesis addresses the problem of source quality changes in Data Integration Systems. Its main goal is to propose techniques for maintaining as much as possible the satisfaction of users’ quality requirements. It proposes an approach that bases on a proactive strategy, where probabilistic techniques are applied. These techniques allow to model source quality behavior, and to calculate quality reliability of the system. On the other hand, it proposes a reactive strategy that must be applied for compensating source quality changes. Its detailed solutions focus on freshness and accuracy quality properties.
Effects of Compatible versus Competing Rhythmic Grouping on Errors and Timing Variability in Speech

In typical speech words are grouped into prosodic constituents. This study investigates how such grouping interacts with segmental sequencing patterns in the production of repetitive word sequences. We experimentally manipulated grouping behavior using a rhythmic repetition task to elicit speech for perceptual and acoustic analysis to test the hypothesis that prosodic structure and patterns of segmental alternation can interact in the production planning process. Talkers produced alternating sequences of two words (top cop) and non-alternating controls (top top and cop cop), organized into six-word sequences. These sequences were further organized into prosodic groupings of three two-word pairs or two three-word triples by means of visual cues and audible metronome clicks. Results for six speakers showed more speech errors in triples, that is, when pairwise word alternation was mismatched with prosodic subgrouping in triples. This result suggests that the planning process for the segmental units of an utterance interacts with the planning process for the prosodic grouping of its words. It also highlights the importance of extending commonly used experimental speech elicitation methods to include more complex prosodic patterns, in order to evoke the kinds of interaction between prosodic structure and planning that occur in the production of lexical forms in continuous communicative speech.
Abundance, distribution and dynamics of retrotransposable elements and transposons: similarities and differences

Retrotransposable elements and transposons are generally both found in most eukaryotes. These two classes of elements are usually distinguished on the basis of their differing mechanisms of transposition. However, their respective frequencies, their intragenomic dynamics and distributions, and the frequencies of their horizontal transfer from one species to another can also differ. The main objective of this review is to compare these two types of elements from a new perspective, using data provided by genome sequencing projects and relating this to the theoretical and observed dynamics. It is shown that the traditional division into two classes, based on the transposition mechanisms, becomes less obvious when other factors are taken into consideration. A great diversity in distribution and dynamics within each class is observed. In contrast, the impact on and the interactions with the genome can show striking similarities between families of the two classes.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for fixative-modified aspartate: immunocytochemical localization in the rat CNS

Aspartate is a putative excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that is widely distributed in the CNS. To study its distribution, monoclonal antibodies were produced against beta-L-aspartyl-L-aspartate (beta-Asp- Asp) conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) using glutaraldehyde- borohydride. Three monoclonal antibodies, Asp1-3, were obtained with high degrees of selectivity for aldehyde-fixed aspartate. The immunocytochemical staining pattern of rat CNS was found to be similar for all 3 antibodies but differed in some regions from staining patterns produced by Glu1, a monoclonal antibody with high selectivity for a form of amide-linked glutamate. Tissue staining produced by Asp1- 3 could be inhibited using aspartate conjugated to carrier proteins. Staining by Asp1 and Asp2 was also inhibited by free small molecules containing aspartate. Specificity of the 3 antibodies was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) as follows: (1) reactivity of antibodies for conjugates of small molecules coated on ELISA plates; (2) ability of free small molecules to inhibit reactivity of antibodies for beta-Asp-Asp/KLH coated on ELISA plates; and (3) ability of conjugates to inhibit reactivity of antibodies for beta-Asp-Asp/KLH coated on ELISA plates. In all 3 types of assays, Asp1 and Asp2 displayed strong reactivity for small molecules and conjugates containing aspartate and little reactivity for small molecules and conjugates containing glutamate or GABA. Asp3 was highly reactive with conjugates containing aspartate using both directed and inhibition ELISA assays. For all 3 antibodies the precise staining pattern varied with the fixative used. Following glutaraldehyde fixation, dense immunocytochemical staining was observed in cerebral cortical neurons, some cerebellar granule cells, hippocampal pyramidal cells, and neurons of the inferior olivary nucleus. In addition, some putative GABAergic neurons, e.g., cerebellar basket and stellate cells, appeared to be stained. In general, acrolein fixation resulted in a more selective staining pattern in the CNS. For example, putative GABAergic neurons were no longer immunoreactive nor were hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Semi-Blind Color Image Watermarking on High Frequency Band Using DWT-SVD

:- In this paper, robust color image watermarking technique based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition (DWT-SVD) is proposed. Today the increasing of multimedia content has created an urgent need for copyright enforcement technologies that can protect copyright ownership of multimedia data. Digital Image Watermarking is a technology that developed to protect digital image from illegal manipulations. Watermarking is different from encryption in the sense that it allows the user to interpret, view and access the image but protect the ownership of the digital content. To protect the ownership of content service provider is a crucial area of research. Robustness against geometric distortions is crucial issue in watermarking. We use DWT and IDWT transform to obtain four different frequency images. Watermark is embedded in high-frequency band by svd. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that proposed algorithm is able to withstand variety of attacks including common geometric attacks.
T-Warehouse: Visual OLAP analysis on trajectory data

Technological advances in sensing technologies and wireless telecommunication devices enable novel research fields related to the management of trajectory data. As it usually happens in the data management world, the challenge after storing the data is the implementation of appropriate analytics for extracting useful knowledge. However, traditional data warehousing systems and techniques were not designed for analyzing trajectory data. Thus, in this work, we demonstrate a framework that transforms the traditional data cube model into a trajectory warehouse. As a proof-of-concept, we implemented T-WAREHOUSE, a system that incorporates all the required steps for Visual Trajectory Data Warehousing, from trajectory reconstruction and ETL processing to Visual OLAP analysis on mobility data.
Purely Functional Monadic Scheme

This paper describes a purely functional dialect of the algorithmic programming language Scheme. Mutable variables, assignment operations and impure control operations (call-with-current-continuation) have been omitted, while side effecting input and output operations are incorporated into the purely functional language using monads, similar to the approach taken in the lazy programming language Haskell.
The Effect of Participation in a Game of Tag, an Activity Promoting Helping Behavior, on Children’s Helping Behavior-Related Self-Efficacy

With a breakdown in classroom discipline, bullying and social withdrawal have become social problems in recent years; there is a heightened expectation toward physical education for developing proper social attitudes and cultivating morality. In this study, children were instructed to play “Nakama-oni (helping tag)”, a tag game variant promoting helping behavior through physical education. Thereafter, the frequency of helping behavior in Nakama-oni was checked, and the effect of participation in physical education through Nakama-oni on children’s helping behavior-related self-efficacy was discussed. Sixty elementary school children in the fifth grade played both Nakama-oni and normal tag. The results suggested that: 1) children experienced helping behavior more often in Nakama-oni, compared to normal tag; and 2) participation in Nakama-oni enhanced children’s helping behavior-related self-efficacy. In conclusion, results suggest that incorporating Nakama-oni that promotes helping behavior in physical education enhances children’s helping behavior-related self-efficacy.
Preparation and Electrical Properties of Insulation Paper Composed of SiO 2 Hollow Spheres

SiO 2 hollow spheres and low relative permittivity insulation paper handsheets composed of these SiO 2 hollow spheres with different weight percentages were successfully prepared. Low-content SiO 2 hollow spheres were uniformly dispersed in the insulation paper handsheets. The relative permittivity of the immersed oil Kraft-SiO 2 hollow sphere handsheets (K-SiO 2 ) initially decreased and then increased with increased amount of SiO 2 hollow spheres. K-5% SiO 2 possessed the lowest relative permittivity of approximately 1.68 at 50 Hz. The breakdown voltage of the paper-oil-paper composite insulation system increased from 26.4 kV to 30.5 kV with decreased relative permittivity of the paper from 2.55 to 1.68. The relationship between the relative permittivity and electric field strength of typical samples were also calculated.
Review on 3D Facial Animation Techniques

Generating facial animation has always been a challenge towards the graphical visualization area. Numerous efforts had been carried out in order to achieve high realism in facial animation. This paper surveys techniques applied in facial animation targeting towards realistic facial animation. We discuss the facial modeling techniques from different viewpoints; related geometric-based manipulation (that can be further categorized into interpolations, parameterization, muscle-based and pseudo–muscle-based model) and facial animation techniques involving speech-driven, image-based and data-captured. The paper will summarize and describe the related theories, strength and weaknesses for each technique.
An Eye Feature Extraction Based on Harris Algorithm

In order to improve the recognition rate of the fac ial recognition system and the efficiency of the al gorithm, a method based on Harris algorithm and changes of threshold to extract eye contour automatically is proposed. T his method uses the idea of minimum extremal region. It makes use of the dynamic change of threshold form low to high. After location the eye area initially, the location of th e eye pupil is located accurately by means of the m ethod of gray statistic. Then Harris algorithm is used to confirm the eye point position. Finally, the characteristi cs of the eye contour are fitted. The experimental result shows t hat his method can extract the feature of eye cont our effectively and has the better robustness about illumination an d f cial expression. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of GCSE 2011
Embedding and Clustered Graph Planarity

A 2-page book embedding of a graph places the vertices linearly on a spine (a line segment) and the edges on two pages (two half planes sharing the spine) so that each edge is embedded in one of the pages without edge crossings. Testing whether a given graph admits a 2-page book embedding is known to be NP-complete. In this paper, we study the problem of testing whether a given graph admits a 2-page book embedding with a fixed edge partition. Based on structural properties of planar graphs, we prove that the problem of testing and finding a 2-page book embedding of a graph with a partitioned edge set can be solved in linear time. As an application of our main result, we consider the problem of testing planarity of clustered graphs. The complexity of testing clustered graph planarity is a long standing open problem in Graph Drawing. Recently, polynomial time algorithms have been found for several classes of clustered graphs in which both the structure of the underlying graphs and clustering structure are restricted. However, when the underlying graph is disconnected, the problem remains open. Our book embedding results imply that the clustered planarity problem can be solved in linear time for a certain class of clustered graphs with arbitrary underlying graphs (i.e. possibly disconnected).
Complex I deficiency: clinical features, biochemistry and molecular genetics

Complex I deficiency is the most frequent mitochondrial disorder presenting in childhood, accounting for up to 30% of cases. As with many mitochondrial disorders, complex I deficiency is characterised by marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity, leading to considerable diagnostic challenges for the clinician, not least because of the involvement of two genomes. The most prevalent clinical presentations include Leigh syndrome, leukoencephalopathy and other early-onset neurodegenerative disorders; fatal infantile lactic acidosis; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; and exercise intolerance. Causative genetic defects may involve the seven mitochondrial-encoded or 38 nuclear-encoded subunits of the enzyme, or any of an increasing number of assembly factors implicated in the correct biosynthesis of complex I within the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we discuss recent advances in knowledge of the structure, function and assembly of complex I and how these advances, together with new high-throughput genetic screening techniques, have translated into improved genetic diagnosis for affected patients and their families. Approximately 25% of cases have mitochondrial DNA mutations, while a further ∼25% have mutations in a nuclear subunit or in one of nine known assembly factors. We also present a systematic review of all published cases of nuclear-encoded complex I deficiency, including 117 cases with nuclear subunit mutations and 55 with assembly factor mutations, and highlight clinical, radiological and biochemical clues that may expedite genetic diagnosis.