Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast growth factor receptor‐4 shows novel features in genomic structure, ligand binding and signal transduction.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) gene family consists of at least four receptor tyrosine kinases that transduce signals important in a variety of developmental and physiological processes related to cell growth and differentiation. Here we have characterized the binding of different FGFs to FGFR‐4. Our results establish an FGF binding profile for FGFR‐4 with aFGF having the highest affinity, followed by K‐FGF/hst‐1 and bFGF. In addition, FGF‐6 was found to bind to FGFR‐4 in ligand competition experiments. Interestingly, the FGFR‐4 gene was found to encode only the prototype receptor in a region where both FGFR‐1 and FGFR‐2 show alternative splicing leading to differences in their ligand binding specificities and to secreted forms of these receptors. Ligands binding to FGFR‐4 induced receptor autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of a set of cellular polypeptides, which differed from those phosphorylated in FGFR‐1‐expressing cells. Specifically, the FGFR‐1‐expressing cells showed a considerably more extensive tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC‐gamma than the FGFR‐4‐expressing cells. Structural and functional specificity within the FGFR family exemplified by FGFR‐4 may help to explain how FGFs perform their diverse functions.
Process cycle optimization in press forming of paperboard

Three‐dimensional forming of paperboard is commonly done by a press forming process, which has been widely researched. However, the process cycle of the press forming of paperboard trays has not yet been completely optimized due to limited adjustability and unsophisticated mechanical structure of commonly used forming equipment. The object of this study is to optimize the force curve of stroke to improve product quality without compromising the production rate using LUT Adjustable Packaging Line prototype for practical evaluation of formability and multibody dynamics software MSC Adams for simulation. Several process parameters were investigated with different process cycles to study their effect on the quality of the formed products. With optimized male mould speed, acceleration and speed of the blank could be reduced, which led to significantly reduced rupturing tendency without compromising the production speed. It was also found that a constant blank holding force should be used to achieve acceptable tray quality, although this results in a significantly increased surface pressure applied to the formed substrate. It was also discovered that a novel male mould attachment, which included a pressing force adjustment system that utilized a spring set with an adjustable preload, made it possible to control the force distribution between different forming tools during the dwelling phase of the process cycle in an improved way. Utilization of the method used in this paper leads to a better tray quality without compromising the production efficiency. Furthermore, this can increase the number of possible package applications for sustainable materials, such as paperboard.
Enabling Context-adaptive Collaboration for Knowledge-intense Processes

Knowledge workers solve complex problems. Their work seems not to be routinisable because of the unique results and constellation of actors involved. For distributed collaboration knowledge workers need many different tools, which leads to knowledge dispersed over different locations, artifacts, and systems. Contextbased adaptation can be used to support teams by shared workspace environments best meeting their needs. We propose an ontology representing context in a shared workspace environment, and a conceptual architecture for context sensing, reasoning, and adaptation. We report on first experiences demonstrating the applicability of our approach and give an outlook on directions of future work.
Efficient Partition Trees for Range Searching

We have seen the use of partition trees for range searching earlier. In this lecture an efficient partition scheme which achieves the optimal query time within polylog factors is described. See [4] and [5] for more details. There are several new ideas on which this scheme relies. The existence of “good” cuttings are central to the algorithm. In the next section some of the definitions and results on cuttings are reviewed.
Achieving the Dispatchability of Distribution Feeders Through Prosumers Data Driven Forecasting and Model Predictive Control of Electrochemical Storage

We propose and experimentally validate a process to dispatch the operation of a distribution feeder with heterogeneous prosumers according to a trajectory with 5 min resolution, called dispatch plan, established the day before the operation. The controllable element is a utility-scale grid-connected battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated with a minimally pervasive monitoring infrastructure. The process consists of two stages: day-ahead, where the dispatch plan is determined by using forecast of the aggregated consumption and local distributed generation (prosumption), and real-time operation, where the mismatch between the actual prosumption realization and dispatch plan is compensated for thanks to adjusting the real power injections of the BESS with model predictive control (MPC). MPC accounts for BESS operational constraints thank to reduced order dynamic grey-box models identified from online measurements. The experimental validation is performed by using a grid-connected 720 kVA/500 kWh BESS to dispatch the operation of a 20-kV distribution feeder of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne campus with both conventional consumption and distributed photo-voltaic generation.
Global Diversity of Sponges (Porifera)

With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all ‘known’ sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future.
Synchronous Rewriting in Treebanks

Several formalisms have been proposed for modeling trees with discontinuous phrases. Some of these formalisms allow for synchronous rewriting. However, it is unclear whether synchronous rewriting is a necessary feature. This is an important question, since synchronous rewriting greatly increases parsing complexity. We present a characterization of recursive synchronous rewriting in constituent tree-banks with discontinuous annotation. An empirical investigation reveals that synchronous rewriting is actually a necessary feature. Furthermore, we transfer this property to grammars extracted from tree-banks.
Role Oriented Test Case Generation for Agent Based System

— Agent Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) is a rapidly developing area of research. Current research and development primarily focuses on the analysis, design and implementation of agent based software whereas testing is less prioritised. Software testing is an important and indispensable part of software development process. Test case generation is the primary step of any testing process which is followed by test execution and test evaluation. Test case generation is not an easy task but upon automating the test case generation process serves many advantages such as time saving, effort saving and more importantly reduces number of errors and faults. This paper investigates about generating test cases for testing agent based software. We propose a novel approach, which takes advantage of agent’s role as the basis for generating test cases. Role is an important mental attribute of an agent which is simply defined as the set of capabilities that an agent can perform. The main objective of this paper is to generate test cases from role diagram upon converting it to activity diagram.
Red algal parasites: Models for a life history evolution that leaves photosynthesis behind again and again

Many of the most virulent and problematic eukaryotic pathogens have evolved from photosynthetic ancestors, such as apicomplexans, which are responsible for a wide range of diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. The primary barrier to understanding the early stages of evolution of these parasites has been the difficulty in finding parasites with closely related free‐living lineages with which to make comparisons. Parasites found throughout the florideophyte red algal lineage, however, provide a unique and powerful model to investigate the genetic origins of a parasitic lifestyle. This is because they share a recent common ancestor with an extant free‐living red algal species and parasitism has independently arisen over 100 times within this group. Here, we synthesize the relevant hypotheses with respect to how these parasites have proliferated. We also place red algal research in the context of recent developments in understanding the genome evolution of other eukaryotic photosynthesizers turned parasites.
Novelty-based restarts for evolution strategies

A major limitation in applying evolution strategies to black box optimization is the possibility of convergence into bad local optima. Many techniques address this problem, mostly through restarting the search. However, deciding the new start location is nontrivial since neither a good location nor a good scale for sampling a random restart position are known. A black box search algorithm can nonetheless obtain some information about this location and scale from past exploration. The method proposed here makes explicit use of such experience, through the construction of an archive of novel solutions during the run. Upon convergence, the most “novel” individual found so far is used to position the new start in the least explored region of the search space, actively looking for a new basin of attraction. We demonstrate the working principle of the method on two multi-modal test problems.
Epilepsy: The Quintessential Pathology of Consciousness

Alterations in consciousness are central to epileptic manifestations, and involve changes in both the level of awareness and subjective content of consciousness. Generalised seizures are characterised by minimal responsiveness and subjective experience whereas simple and complex partial seizures demonstrate more selective disturbances. Despite variations in ictal origin, behaviour and electrophysiology, the individual seizure types share common neuroanatomical foundations generating impaired consciousness. This article provides a description of the phenomenology of ictal consciousness and reviews the underlying shared neural network, dubbed the 'consciousness system', which overlaps with the 'default mode' network. In addition, clinical and experimental models for the study of the brain correlates of ictal alterations of consciousness are discussed. It is argued that further investigation into both human and animal models will permit greater understanding of brain mechanisms and associated behavioural consequences, possibly leading to the development of new targeted treatments.
Improved Least Median of Squares Localization for Non-Line-of-Sight Mitigation

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation is one of the major problems that cause errors in localization systems. There exist many algorithms to reduce NLOS caused errors. Most of these algorithms require a priori information about the NLOS links, which limits their application. The least median of squares (LMedS) method is an exception and is thus attractive for its simplicity. LMedS selects only a subset of the anchors with the smallest residue for location calculation, but it tends to discard more range measurements than necessary. Its performance can be improved significantly, particularly when the percentage of NLOS links is not high. In this paper, we present an improved LMedS method, which maximizes the subset of reliable anchors to be used. We show via simulation that, compared with the existing LMedS method, the proposed algorithm has significantly higher localization accuracy and is more stable.
Learning face similarity for re-identification from real surveillance video: A deep metric solution

Person re-identification (ReID) is the task of automatically matching persons across surveillance cameras with location or time differences. Nearly all proposed ReID approaches exploit body features. Even if successfully captured in the scene, faces are often assumed to be unhelpful to the ReID process[3]. As cameras and surveillance systems improve, ‘Facial ReID’ approaches deserve attention. The following contributions are made in this work: 1) We describe a high-quality dataset for person re-identification featuring faces. This dataset was collected from a real surveillance network in a municipal rapid transit system, and includes the same people appearing in multiple sites at multiple times wearing different attire. 2) We employ new DNN architectures and patch matching techniques to handle face misalignment in quality regimes where landmarking fails. We further boost the performance by adopting the fully convolutional structure and spatial pyramid pooling (SPP).
The Controller Placement Problem in Software Defined Networking: A Survey

Recently, a variety of solutions have been proposed to tackle the controller placement problem in SDN. The objectives include minimizing the latency between controllers and their associated switches, enhancing reliability and resilience of the network, and minimizing deployment cost and energy consumption. In this article, we first survey the state-of-the-art solutions and draw a taxonomy based on their objectives, and then propose a new approach to minimize the packet propagation latency between controllers and switches. In order to encourage future research, we also identify the ongoing research challenges and open issues relevant to this problem.
Indisputable facts when implementing spiking neuron networks

In this article, our wish is to demystify some aspects of coding with spike-timing, through a simple review of well-understood technical facts regarding spike coding. The goal is to help better understanding to which extend computing and modelling with spiking neuron networks can be biologically plausible and computationally efficient. We intentionally restrict ourselves to a deterministic dynamics, in this review, and we consider that the dynamics of the network is defined by a non-stochastic mapping. This allows us to stay in a rather simple framework and to propose a review with concrete numerical values, results and formula on (i) general time constraints, (ii) links between continuous signals and spike trains, (iii) spiking networks parameter adjustments. When implementing spiking neuron networks, for computational or biological simulation purposes, it is important to take into account the indisputable facts here reviewed. This precaution could prevent from implementing mechanisms meaningless with regards to obvious time constraints, or from introducing spikes artificially, when continuous calculations would be sufficient and simpler. It is also pointed out that implementing a spiking neuron network is finally a simple task, unless complex neural codes are considered.
The XML stream query processor SPEX

Data streams are an emerging technology for data dissemination in cases where the data throughput or size makes it unfeasible to rely on the conventional approach based on storing the data before processing it. SPEX evaluates XPath queries against XML data streams. SPEX is built upon formal frameworks for (1) rewriting XPath queries into equivalent XPath queries without reverse axes and (2) correct query evaluation with polynomial combined complexity using networks of pushdown transducers. Such transducers are simple, independent, and can be connected in a flexible manner, thus allowing not only easy extensions but also extensive query optimization. Querying XML streams with SPEX consists in four steps: first, the input XPath query is rewritten into an XPath query without reverse axes. Second, the forward XPath query is compiled into a logical query plan abstracting out details of the concrete XPath syntax. Then, a physical query plan is generated by extending the logical query plan with operators for determination and collection of answers. In the last step, the XML stream is processed continuously with the physical query plan, and the output stream conveying the answers to the original query is generated progressively.
Runtime Leakage Minimization Through Probability-Aware Optimization

Runtime leakage current, defined as circuit leakage during normal operation (i.e., nonstandby mode), has become a major concern in very advanced technologies along with traditional standby mode leakage. In this paper, we propose a new leakage reduction method that specifically targets runtime leakage current. We first observe that the state probabilities of nodes in a circuit tend to be skewed, meaning that they have either high or low values. We then propose a method that exploits these skewed state probabilities by setting only those transistors to high-Vt (thick-oxide) that have a high likelihood of being off (on) and, hence, contributing significantly to the total runtime leakage. Accordingly, we also propose a library specifically tailored to the proposed approach, where Vt and Tox assignment with favorable tradeoffs under skewed input probabilities is provided. For further leakage reduction, we also introduce circuit resynthesis using pin reordering, pin rewiring, mapping, and decomposition. The optimization algorithm shows substantial leakage improvement over probability unaware optimization using a traditional standard cell library
New integrable sectors in the Skyrme and four-dimensional CPn models

The application of a weak integrability concept to the Skyrme and CPn models in four dimensions is investigated. A new integrable subsystem of the Skyrme model, allowing also for non-holomorphic configurations, is derived. This procedure can be applied to the massive Skyrme model as well. Moreover, an example of a family of chiral Lagrangians providing exact, finite energy Skyrme-like solitons with arbitrary value of the topological charge is given. In the case of CPn models a tower of integrable subsystems is obtained. In particular, in (2+1) dimensions a one-to-one correspondence between the standard integrable submodel and the BPS sector is proved. Additionally, it is shown that weak integrable submodels allow also for non-BPS solutions. Geometric as well as algebraic interpretations of the integrability conditions are also given.
Comparative Evaluation of Permissiveness to Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Infection in Primary Rodent Macrophages

Infection with dengue virus presents a broad clinical spectrum, which can range from asymptomatic cases to severe cases that are characterised by haemorrhagic syndrome and/or shock. The reason for such variability remains unknown. This work evaluated the in vitro permissiveness of mouse, rat, hamster and guinea pig macrophages to infection by dengue virus 2 (DENV2). The results established that macrophages derived from the BALB/c mouse strain showed higher permissiveness to DENV2 infection than macrophages from other rodent species, although all rodent species studied had the C820T mutation in the oligoadenylate synthetase 1b gene, indicating no relationship to the different in vitro susceptibilities of mouse cells at this locus. Other molecular mechanisms related to flavivirus susceptibility remain to be explored.
Leveraging access control mechanism of Android smartphone using context-related role-based access control model

The revolution of mobile phones era has brought the innovative smartphones technology. As a result, research addressing information access in smartphones environment has proliferated. The important feature of smartphones is to restrict the behavior of users using applications and services to a certain level and the existing access control mechanism on smartphones mostly holds a coarsegrained. To enhance this into fine-grained manner, it is practical to use context-related information to specify what resources and services an application should be authorized access to. This paper proposes a finer access control mechanism which is context-related role based access control (CtRBAC). CtRBAC is based on traditional role based access control by incorporating with the contextual information of user and system environment. CtRBAC categorizes the mobile phone users according to their access rights of device's resources and services. By using simple policy and context, the system fulfills necessity of existing access control mechanism.
Rapid registration for wide field of view freehand three-dimensional ultrasound

A freehand scanning protocol is the only way to acquire arbitrary large volumes of three-dimensional ultrasound (US) data. For some applications, multiple freehand sweeps are required to cover the area of interest. Aligning these multiple sweeps is difficult, typically requiring nonrigid image-based registration as well as the readings from the spatial locator attached to the US probe. Conventionally, nonrigid warps are achieved through general elastic spline deformations, which are expensive to compute and difficult to constrain. This paper presents an alternative registration technique, where the warp's degrees of freedom are carefully linked to the mechanics of the freehand scanning process. The technique is assessed through an extensive series of in vivo experiments, which reveal a registration precision of a few pixels with comparatively little computational load.
Application of a pore-blockage--cake-filtration model to protein fouling during microfiltration.

Although protein fouling is a critical factor governing the performance of microfiltration systems, there have been relatively few studies comparing the fouling behavior of different proteins. Flux-decline data were obtained for the filtration of bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, pepsin, immunoglobulin G, and myoglobin through polycarbonate track-etch membranes. The data were analyzed using a recently developed model that accounts for simultaneous pore blockage and cake formation. The model was in very good agreement with the data for all five proteins, demonstrating the general applicability of this new theoretical framework. The initial fouling due to pore blockage is directly related to the concentration of protein aggregates in solution, which was measured independently by quasi-elastic light scattering. The results provide important insights into the mechanisms of protein fouling during microfiltration.