Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A remark on projective limits of function spaces

Let Omega subset of C^d be an open set and Km, m = 1, 2, . an exhaustion of Omega by compact subsets of Omega. We set Omega_m = int(Km) and let Xm(Omega_m) be a topological space of holomorphic functions on Omega_m between A^ infinity (Omega_m) and H(Omega_m). Then we show that the projective limit of the family Xm(Omega_m), m = 1, 2, . , under the restriction maps is homeomorphic and linearly isomorphic to the Frechet space H(Omega), idependently of the choice of the spaces Xm(Omega_m).
Gender Differences in Pain-Physical Activity Linkages among Older Adults: Lessons Learned from Daily Life Approaches

Background. Many older adults know about the health benefits of an active lifestyle, but, frequently, pain prevents them from engaging in physical activity. The majority of older adults experience pain, a complex experience that can vary across time and is shaped by sociocultural factors like gender. Objectives. To describe the time-varying associations between daily pain and physical activity and to explore differences in these associations between women and men. Methods. One hundred and twenty-eight community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older were asked to report their pain levels three times daily over a 10-day period and wear an accelerometer to objectively capture their daily physical activity (step counts and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity). Results. Increased daily step counts and minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity were associated with increased daily pain, especially among women. Confirming past literature and contrasting findings for daily pain reports, overall pain levels across the study period were negatively associated with minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Conclusions. Findings highlight that pain is significantly associated with physical activity in old age. The nature of this association depends on the time scale that is considered and differs between women and men.
Analysis of Gene Coexpression by B-Spline Based CoD Estimation

The gene coexpression study has emerged as a novel holistic approach for microarray data analysis. Different indices have been used in exploring coexpression relationship, but each is associated with certain pitfalls. The Pearson's correlation coefficient, for example, is not capable of uncovering nonlinear pattern and directionality of coexpression. Mutual information can detect nonlinearity but fails to show directionality. The coefficient of determination (CoD) is unique in exploring different patterns of gene coexpression, but so far only applied to discrete data and the conversion of continuous microarray data to the discrete format could lead to information loss. Here, we proposed an effective algorithm, CoexPro, for gene coexpression analysis. The new algorithm is based on B-spline approximation of coexpression between a pair of genes, followed by CoD estimation. The algorithm was justified by simulation studies and by functional semantic similarity analysis. The proposed algorithm is capable of uncovering both linear and a specific class of nonlinear relationships from continuous microarray data. It can also provide suggestions for possible directionality of coexpression to the researchers. The new algorithm presents a novel model for gene coexpression and will be a valuable tool for a variety of gene expression and network studies. The application of the algorithm was demonstrated by an analysis on ligand-receptor coexpression in cancerous and noncancerous cells. The software implementing the algorithm is available upon request to the authors.
How to Login from an Internet Cafe Without Worrying about Keyloggers

Roaming users who use untrusted machines to access password protected accounts have few good options. An internet cafe machine can easily be running a keylogger. The roaming user has no reliable way of determining whether it is safe, and has no alternative to typing the password. We describe a simple trick the user can employ that is entirely effective in concealing the password. We verify its efficacy against the most popular keylogging programs.
Renegar's Condition Number, Sharpness and Compressed Sensing Performance

We show that several quantities controlling compressed sensing performance also directly control algorithmic complexity. We describe linearly convergent restart schemes solving a broad range of compressed sensing problems using first-order methods. The key term controlling convergence measures the sharpness of the optimum and can be interpreted as a condition number, computed as the ratio between the true signal sparsity and the maximum signal size that can be recovered by the observation matrix. In a similar vein, Renegar’s condition number is a data-driven computational complexity measure for convex programs, generalizing classical condition numbers for linear systems. We provide evidence that for a broad class of compressed sensing problems, the worst case value of this algorithmic complexity measure taken over all signals matches the restricted eigenvalue of the observation matrix, which controls compressed sensing performance. This condition number also measures the robustness of the recovered solution with respect to a misspecification of the observation matrix A, a point rarely addressed by classical recovery results. Overall, this means that, in compressed sensing problems, a single parameter directly controls computational complexity and recovery performance.
An efficient hardware architecture of the optimised SIFT descriptor generation

Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm has the potential of detecting a large number of features from images, which makes the feature descriptor generation become a bottleneck of the processing speed and hence degrade the overall performance of the algorithm. To tackle this problem, we propose an efficient hardware architecture based on the polar sampled descriptor in this paper. It takes only 7.57us to generate a feature descriptor of 72 dimensions with a system frequency of 100MHz, which is equivalent to approximately 132100 feature descriptors per second. It can generate feature descriptors for VGA (640×480 pixels) resolution video at 60 frames per second (fps), provided that there are no more than 2200 features per frame. As far as we know, our hardware architecture has the highest processing speed for descriptor generation, compared with other existing architectures.
The head the construct: Construct state nominals as a novel window to syntactic movement difficulties in hearing impairment

Children with hearing-impairment often show difficulties related to different kinds of syntactic movement. According to current syntactic analyses, Hebrew construct state nominals (CSN) involve syntactic movement, in which the noun moves to the determiner position. This kind of movement has never been tested in individuals with hearing-impairment. In this study we examined how Hebrew-speaking hearing-impaired children produce definite CSNs. A well-functioning movement of N to D prevents an overt determiner before the head of the definite CSN, and therefore we took the (incorrect) addition of a determiner before the head noun as an indication of a difficulty in moving the N to D.The participants were 32 children with hearing-impairment aged 9;1–12;2 whose performance was compared to 18 hearing children aged 8;10–10;7. We tested their oral reading of 63 CSNs in texts. The results showed that the children with hearing-impairment had a remarkable difficulty in reading the CSNs. The most noticeable error they made was that they incorrectly added a determiner before the head of the definite CSN, in addition to the determiner preceding the complement of the noun. The hearing control children virtually never made this error.Since the D position before the head should not be available if the noun had moved to D, we concluded that they could not properly move the noun to D. This illustrates, for the first time, a deficit in N-to-D movement in this population. The difficulty in N-to-D movement in the nominal domain is consistent with these children’s difficulties in other movement-derived structures in the clausal domain such as object A-bar movement and V-to-C movement. More broadly, these results support a movement analysis of CSN.
Probabilistic Obstacle Partitioning of Monocular Video for Autonomous Vehicles

This paper reports on visual obstacle detection from a monocular camera for autonomous vehicles. By leveraging a textured prior map, we propose a probabilistic formulation for finding the optimal image partition that separates obstacles from groundplane. Our key insight is the use of a prior map that enables ground appearance models conditioned on prior map texture and a probabilistic optical flow vector formulation derived from known scene structure and camera egomotion. We evaluate our methods on a challenging urban setting using data collected on our autonomous platform and we demonstrate that a notion of obstacles in the camera frame can improve visual localization quality.
Incremental Value of MR Cholangiopancreatography in Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia

Purpose To evaluate the incremental value of a combination of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ultrasonography (US), compared to US alone, for diagnosing biliary atresia (BA) in neonates and young infants with cholestasis. Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. The US and MRCP studies were both performed on 64 neonates and young infants with BA (n = 41) or without BA (non-BA) (n = 23). Two observers reviewed independently the US alone set and the combined US and MRCP set, and graded them using a five-point scale. Diagnostic performance was compared using pairwise comparison of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value were assessed. Results The diagnostic performance (the area under the ROC curve [Az]) for diagnosing BA improved significantly after additional review of MRCP images; Az improved from 0.688 to 0.901 (P = .015) for observer 1 and from 0.676 to 0.901 (P = .011) for observer 2. The accuracy of MRCP combined with US (observer 1, 95% [61/64]; observer 2 92% [59/64]) and PPV (observer 1, 95% [40/42]; observer 2 91% [40/44]) were significantly higher than those of US alone for both observers (accuracy: observer 1, 73% [47/64], P = 0.003; observer 2, 72% [46/64], P = 0.004; PPV: observer 1, 76% [35/46], P = 0.016; observer 2, 76% [34/45], P = 0.013). Interobserver agreement of confidence levels was good for US alone (ĸ = 0.658, P < .001) and was excellent for the combined set of US and MRCP (ĸ = 0.929, P < .001). Conclusion Better diagnostic performance was achieved with the combination of US and MRCP than with US alone for the evaluation of BA in neonates and young infants with cholestasis.
The developing mind in action: measuring manual dynamics in childhood

ABSTRACT Developmental theory has long emphasized the importance of linking perception, cognition, and action. Techniques designed to record the spatial and temporal characteristics of hand movements (i.e., manual dynamics) present new opportunities to study the nature of these links across development by providing a window into how perceptual, cognitive, and motoric processes interact and unfold over time. Although manual dynamics are commonly used to explore a range of topics with adults, including language processing, numerical cognition, social perception, and cognitive control, comparatively little research has used hand-tracking techniques to explore these topics with children. The current article aims to bring attention to this methodological gap and discuss how and why developmental researchers might want to address it. The article introduces two hand-tracking techniques, contrasts how the techniques have been used with adults relative to children, and explores how manual dynamics might fit into the broader landscape of research in child development.
Determining the Number of Communication Sources Using a Sensor Array

Determining the number of sources in a received wave-field is a well known and a well investigated problem. In this problem, the number of sources impinging on an array of sensors is to be estimated. The common approach for solving this problem is to use an information theoretic criterion like the Minimum Description Length (MDL), or the Akaike Information Criterion. Under the assumption that the transmitted signals are Gaussian, the MDL estimator takes both simple and intuitive form. Therefore, this estimator is commonly used even when the signals known to be non-Gaussian communication signals. However, its ability to resolve signals (resolution capacity) is limited by the number of sensors, minus one. In this paper, we study the MDL estimator that is based the correct, non-Gaussian signal distribution of digital signals. We show that this approach leads to both improved performance and improved resolution capacity, that is-the number of signals that can be detected by the resulting MDL processor is larger than the number of array sensors. In addition, a novel asymptotic performance analysis, which can be used to predict the performance of the MDL estimator analytically, is presented. Simulation results support the theoretical conclusions.
Dictionary-based discriminative HMM parameter estimation for continuous speech recognition systems

The estimation of the HMM parameters has always been a major issue in the design of speech recognition systems. Discriminative objectives like maximum mutual information (MMI) or minimum classification error (MCE) have proved to be superior over the common maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in cases where a robust estimation of the probabilistic density functions (PDFs) is not possible. The determination of the overall likelihood of an acoustic observation is the most crucial point of the MMI-parameter estimation when applied to continuous speech systems. Contrary to the common approaches that estimate the overall likelihood of the training observations by evaluating the most confusing sentences or by applying global state frequencies, this paper suggests a dictionary analysis in order to get estimates for the dictionary-based risk of mixing two HMM states. These estimates are used to estimate the observations' likelihood and to control the discriminative MMI training procedure. Results on a monophone SCHMM speech recognition system are presented that prove the practicability of the new approach.
Functionally Weighted Lagrange Interpolation of Band-Limited Signals From Nonuniform Samples

A modification of the conventional Lagrange interpolator is proposed in this paper, that allows one to approximate a band-limited signal from its own nonuniform samples with high accuracy. The modification consists in applying the Lagrange method to the signal, but pre-multiplied by a fixed function, and then solving for the desired signal value. Its efficiency lies in the fact that the fixed function is independent of the sampling instants. It is shown in this paper that the function can be selected so that the interpolation error decreases exponentially with the number of samples, for the case in which the sampling instants have a maximum deviation from a uniform grid. This paper includes a low-complexity recursive implementation of the method. Its accuracy is validated in the numerical examples by comparison with several interpolators in the literature, and by deriving upper and lower bounds for its maximum error.
Performance Evaluation of ABR Routing in Malicious Network

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) include wireless communication and mobile nodes. High node mobility and limited wireless communication range mean that nodes have to cooperate in order to ensure networking, with the network changing to meet needs continually. Protocols' dynamic nature enables MANET operation to ensure deployment in extreme/volatile circumstances. Hence, MANETs are very popular research topics and have been used in areas like tactical operations, rescue operations and environmental monitoring. This paper proposes a method to mitigate malicious nodes forming Denial of service attacks in associativity based ad hoc network. It is divided into two phases: detection before route establishment and avoiding malicious nodes in data forwarding. Simplicity and effectively detecting malicious nodes are the main points of the proposed scheme.
EE-597 Class Notes - Sub-Band Coding

Figure 1: Simplified MPEG-style audio coding system. • Fig. 2 illustrates a generic subband coder. In short, the input signal is passed through a parallel bank of analysis filters {Hi(z)} and the outputs are “downsampled” by a factor of N . Downsampling-byN is a process which passes every N th sample and ignores the rest, effectively decreasing the data rate by factor N . The downsampled outputs are quantized (using a potentially different number of bits per branch—as in transform coding) for storage or transmission. Downsampling ensures that the number of data samples to store is not any larger than the number of data samples entering the coder; in Fig. 2, N sub-band outputs are generated for every N system inputs.
Potential based routing for ICN

In this paper we address two of the problems, namely routing and content caching. For the routing problem, we introduce the Potential Based Routing (PBR) which provides not only availability but also diversity and adaptability. In addition, we examine three caching policies to select a possible candidate for ICN. The integrated system of both PBR and a content caching policy is called the Cache Aware Target idenTiŒcation (CATT). We present some simulation results to evaluate its performance.
Determinants of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic in Europe: Implications for Real-Time Modelling

Influenza pandemics in the last century were characterized by successive waves and differences in impact and timing between different regions, for reasons not clearly understood. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic showed rapid global spread, but with substantial heterogeneity in timing within each hemisphere. Even within Europe substantial variation was observed, with the UK being unique in experiencing a major first wave of transmission in early summer and all other countries having a single major epidemic in the autumn/winter, with a West to East pattern of spread. Here we show that a microsimulation model, parameterised using data about H1N1pdm collected by the beginning of June 2009, explains the occurrence of two waves in UK and a single wave in the rest of Europe as a consequence of timing of H1N1pdm spread, fluxes of travels from US and Mexico, and timing of school vacations. The model provides a description of pandemic spread through Europe, depending on intra-European mobility patterns and socio-demographic structure of the European populations, which is in broad agreement with observed timing of the pandemic in different countries. Attack rates are predicted to depend on the socio-demographic structure, with age dependent attack rates broadly agreeing with available serological data. Results suggest that the observed heterogeneity can be partly explained by the between country differences in Europe: marked differences in school calendars, mobility patterns and sociodemographic structures. Moreover, higher susceptibility of children to infection played a key role in determining the epidemiology of the 2009 pandemic. Our work shows that it would have been possible to obtain a broad-brush prediction of timing of the European pandemic well before the autumn of 2009, much more difficult to achieve with simpler models or pre-pandemic parameterisation. This supports the use of models accounting for the structure of complex modern societies for giving insight to policy makers.
The Bacterial Species Challenge: Making Sense of Genetic and Ecological Diversity

The Bacteria and Archaea are the most genetically diverse superkingdoms of life, and techniques for exploring that diversity are only just becoming widespread. Taxonomists classify these organisms into species in much the same way as they classify eukaryotes, but differences in their biology—including horizontal gene transfer between distantly related taxa and variable rates of homologous recombination—mean that we still do not understand what a bacterial species is. This is not merely a semantic question; evolutionary theory should be able to explain why species exist at all levels of the tree of life, and we need to be able to define species for practical applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine. Recent studies have emphasized the need to combine genetic diversity and distinct ecology in an attempt to define species in a coherent and convincing fashion. The resulting data may help to discriminate among the many theories of prokaryotic species that have been produced to date.
A Probabilistic Method for Planning Collision-free Trajectories of Multiple Mobile Robots

This paper considers the problem of path planning for teams of mobile robots. It presents a decoupled and prioritized approach to coordinate the movements of the mobile robots in their environment. Our algorithm computes the paths for the individual robots in the configuration-time space. Thereby it trades off the distance to both static objects as well as other robots and the length of the path to be traveled. To estimate the risk of colliding with other robots it uses a probabilistic model of the robots motions. The approach has been implemented and tested on real robots as well as in extensive simulation runs. In different experiments we demonstrate that our approach is well suited to control the motions of a team of robots in a typical office environment and illustrate its advantages over other techniques developed so far.
The Cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 Decreases Specificity Protein Transcription Factors and the Oncogenic Cap Protein eIF4E in Colon Cancer Cells

2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-([morpholinyl]methyl)pyrollo(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazinyl]-[1-naphthaleny]methanone [WIN 55,212-2, (WIN)] is a synthetic cannabinoid that inhibits RKO, HT-29, and SW480 cell growth, induced apoptosis, and downregulated expression of survivin, cyclin D1, EGF receptor (EGFR), VEGF, and its receptor (VEGFR1). WIN also decreased expression of specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, and this is consistent with the observed downregulation of the aforementioned Sp-regulated genes. In addition, we also observed by RNA interference (RNAi) that the oncogenic cap protein eIF4E was an Sp-regulated gene also downregulated by WIN in colon cancer cells. WIN-mediated repression of Sp proteins was not affected by cannabinoid receptor antagonists or by knockdown of the receptor but was attenuated by the phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate or by knockdown of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). WIN-mediated repression of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4 was due to PP2A-dependent downregulation of microRNA-27a (miR-27a) and induction of miR-27a–regulated ZBTB10, which has previously been characterized as an “Sp repressor. ” The results show that the anticancer activity of WIN is due, in part, to PP2A-dependent disruption of miR-27a:ZBTB10 and ZBTB10-mediated repression of Sp transcription factors and Sp-regulated genes, including eIF4E. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(11); 2483–93. ©2013 AACR.