Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer: from epidemiology to current treatment

Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the second most frequent cancer in Europe in 2004, responsible for 13% (376,400) of all incident cancer cases. It is also the second most frequent cause of cancer mortality in Europe, with 11.9% (203,700) annual deaths (1). When localized, CRC is often a curable disease, but the overall prognosis is determined by the extent of local and particularly metastatic tumour spread. The disease outlook is relatively poor, because advanced disease is a significant cause of worldwide cancer-related mortality. Thus, estimated 5-year survival rates range from nearly 90% in stage I disease (Dukes’ A) to less than 10% in patients with metastatic disease (Dukes’ D) (1). Comprehensive cancer care in the 21st century is dependent on a multidisciplinary approach to patients with malignant disease. Large bowel cancer is no exception, as there is increasing clinical trial data supporting multimodal treatment for both localized and advanced tumours. This review will focus on the important aspects in CRC including the latest treatment strategies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and the targeted therapies).
Model Checking Business Processes for Web Service Compositions in mCRL2

BPEL has emerged as the de facto industry standard for composing web services. In this paper, we focus on a core subset of BPEL, called BPEL*, and provide a set of rules for translating BPEL* into the process algebra language mCRL2, which can be used to verify properties of BPEL processes. An employee travel arrangement example is provided to show our approach.
Refining deep brain stimulation to emulate optogenetic treatment of synaptic pathology

within the four cells of the quiescent center, whereas expression in the nww mutant expanded to include a larger number of cells (Fig. 3, I and J). Because WOX5 has been shown to be downstream of auxin signaling, we also analyzed pDR5-GFP expression to determine whether auxin signaling is altered in the nww mutant root (Fig. 3, K and L, and fig. S7). In WT roots, pDR5-GFP was observed in only the quiescent center and columella cells. In the rescued roots of the nww mutant, pDR5-GFP was misexpres-sed throughout the presumptive root cap. Although auxin signaling still occurs in the nww mutant, the altered pDR5-GFP expression pattern suggests that the roots are unable to respond to auxin in an appropriate manner. Thus, the NWW genes are required for appropriate development of the qui-escent center and the distal root meristem. Misexpression of NTT might be sufficient to transform other stem cells within the root meri-stem into a distal fate. To test this prediction, we created an inducible line by fusing NTT to the glucocorticoid receptor (p35S-NTT-GR) (16). In the wild type, columella cells are restricted to the distal region within the root meristem. In contrast , induction of NTT activity within mature root meristems caused ectopic production of col-umella cells (Fig. 4, A and B). The QC25 marker, normally expressed only in the quiescent center, was ectopically expressed in the proximal region when NTT activity was induced. Thus, NTT is both necessary and sufficient to pattern distal stem cell identity within the root meristem. The p35S-NTT-GR line can also mimic the root-inducing effects of exogenous auxin application. When WT seedlings were transferred to normal media after germinating on 10-mm 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), extra roots were produced. Similarly, extra roots formed after p35S-NTT-GR seeds were germinated in the presence of the dexamethasone inducer and then transferred to normal media (fig. S8). This is consistent with a role of the NWW genes in mediating an auxin signal for root initiation. NTT misexpression can also change stem cell fate within the embryo. In WT embryos, the apical region gives rise to the shoot apical meri-stem and two groups of primordial cells known as the cotyledon initials. The AS1 gene is strongly expressed in the cotyledon initials in transition-stage embryos (17). Misexpression of NTT under the control of the AS1 promoter caused roots to form instead of cotyledons in the resultant seedlings (Fig. 4, C …
Ethnographic decision tree modeling: A research method for counseling psychology.

This article describes ethnographic decision tree modeling (EDTM; C. H. Gladwin, 1989) as a mixed method design appropriate for counseling psychology research. EDTM is introduced and located within a postpositivist research paradigm. Decision theory that informs EDTM is reviewed, and the 2 phases of EDTM are highlighted. The 1st phase, model building, is an inductive process consisting of a series of ethnographic interviews designed to describe and diagram the choices of decision makers. The 2nd phase, model validation, utilizes linear hypothesis testing borrowed from a quantitative research paradigm. During model validation, the group decision model is tested using a separate group of participants from the same population. Strengths and limitations of EDTM, and its potential applications in counseling psychology research, are emphasized.
Yeast Transcription Termination Factor Rtt103 Functions in DNA Damage Response

YKu70/YKu80 is a heterodimer that is essential for repair of DNA double strand breaks through non-homologous end joining pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yku70/80 proteins are associated with telomeres and are important for maintaining the integrity of telomeres. These proteins protect telomeres from recombination events, nuclease attacks, support the formation of heterochromatin at telomeres and anchor telomeres to the nuclear periphery. To identify components in molecular networks involved in the multiple functions of Yku70/80 complex, we performed a genetic screen for suppressors of yku70 deletion. One of the suppressors identified was RTT103, which encodes a protein implicated in transcription termination. We show that rtt103Δ are sensitive to multiple forms of genome insults and that RTT103 is essential for recovery from DNA double strand breaks in the chromosome. We further show that Rtt103 associates with sites of DNA breaks and hence is likely to play a direct role in response to DNA damage.
Confocal Adaptive Optics Imaging of Peripapillary Nerve Fiber Bundles: Implications for Glaucomatous Damage Seen on Circumpapillary OCT Scans.

PURPOSE To improve our understanding of glaucomatous damage as seen on circumpapillary disc scans obtained with frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (fdOCT), fdOCT scans were compared to images of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber (RNF) bundles obtained with an adaptive optics-scanning light ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO). METHODS The AO-SLO images and fdOCT scans were obtained on 6 eyes of 6 patients with deep arcuate defects (5 points ≤-15 db) on 10-2 visual fields. The AO-SLO images were montaged and aligned with the fdOCT images to compare the RNF bundles seen with AO-SLO to the RNF layer thickness measured with fdOCT. RESULTS All 6 eyes had an abnormally thin (1% confidence limit) RNF layer (RNFL) on fdOCT and abnormal (hyporeflective) regions of RNF bundles on AO-SLO in corresponding regions. However, regions of abnormal, but equal, RNFL thickness on fdOCT scans varied in appearance on AO-SLO images. These regions could be largely devoid of RNF bundles (5 eyes), have abnormal-appearing bundles of lower contrast (6 eyes), or have isolated areas with a few relatively normal-appearing bundles (2 eyes). There also were local variations in reflectivity of the fdOCT RNFL that corresponded to the variations in AO-SLO RNF bundle appearance. CONCLUSIONS Relatively similar 10-2 defects with similar fdOCT RNFL thickness profiles can have very different degrees of RNF bundle damage as seen on fdOCT and AO-SLO. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE While the results point to limitations of fdOCT RNFL thickness as typically analyzed, they also illustrate the potential for improving fdOCT by attending to variations in local intensity.
Cytotoxic Activity of Piper cubeba Extract in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a crude extract of Piper cubeba against normal and breast cancer cell lines. To prepare the extract, P. cubeba seeds were ground, soaked in methanol and dichloromethane and isolated by column chromatography. Fractions were tested for cytotoxicity effects on normal fibroblast (L929), normal breast (MCF-12A) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231). The most effective fraction was selected for DNA fragmentation assay to detect apoptotic activity. The results showed that the methanolic crude extract had a higher cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 than a dichloromethane crude extract. Then, the methanolic crude extract was separated into six fractions, designated A to F. Fraction C was highly active against breast cancer cell lines with an IC50 value less than 4 μg/mL. Therefore, Fraction C was further separated into seven fractions, CA to CG. The 1H-NMR profile showed that Fraction CE was long chain hydrocarbons. Moreover, Fraction CE demonstrated the highest activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 value of 2.69 ± 0.09 μg/mL and lower cytotoxicity against normal fibroblast L929 cells with an IC50 value of 4.17 ± 0.77 μg/mL. Finally, DNA fragmentation with a ladder pattern characteristic of apoptosis was observed in MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231 and L929 cells, but not in MCF-12A cells.
Cooperative intelligence and recipient design as drivers for language biases in homesign systems

In discussing the resilient properties of language, evidenced in homesign communication systems, Goldin-Meadow observes that children, faced with genuine poverty of the stimulus, appear to be bringing their own biases to language construction/acquisition. How, then, do we account for such biases? One possibility is that the cooperative intelligence that makes language possible provides a basis for recipient design which brings such biases with it. These may arise from an embodied basis of communication, thereby providing the design space for a communication system fit for purpose.
Investigation of cross-coupling in 1-3 piezocomposite arrays

Plate waves inside the piezoelectric layer are much involved in the element cross-coupling in transducer arrays for medical imaging. In this work, such waves are analyzed in 1-3 piezocomposite materials on the basis of conventional guided modes formalism in which the piezocomposite is considered as a homogeneous medium. Cross-coupling measurements have been made on two different transducer arrays using a network analyzer and a laser interferometric probe. It is shown how the analysis in terms of symmetrical Lamb waves gives an interesting qualitative interpretation, explaining most of the cross-coupling amplitude variations with frequency. Results show that the 0th and 3rd symmetrical Lamb waves are mainly involved in coupling inside composite plates. The S/sub 0/ mode is responsible for the inter-element coupling, whereas the S/sub 3/ mode widens the effective width of the excited element.
Radius based Block Local Binary Pattern on T-Zone Face Area for Face Recognition

This study presents a comparison of recognition performance between feature extraction on the T-Zone face area and Radius based block on the critical point. A T-Zone face image is first divided into small regions where Local Binary Pattern (LBP) histograms are extracted and then concatenated into a single feature vector. This feature vector will further reduce the dimensionality scope by using the well established Principle Component Analysis (PCA) technique. On the other hand, while the original LBP techniques focus in dividing the whole image into certain regions, we proposed a new scheme, which focuses on critical region, which gives more impact to the recognition performance. This technique is known as Radius Based Block Local Binary Pattern (RBB-LBP). Here we focus on three main area which is eye (including eyebrow), mouth and nose. We defined four critical point represent left eye, right eye, nose and mouth, from this four main point we derived the next nine point. This approach will automatically create the redundancy in various regions and for every radius size window a robust histogram with all possible labels constructed. Experiments have been carried out on the different sets of the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) database. RBB-LBP obtained high recognition rates when compared to standard LBP, LBP+PCA and also on T-Zone area. Our result shows of 16% improvement compared with LBP+PCA and 6% improvement compared with LBP. Our studies proves that the RBB-LBP method, reduce the length of the feature vector, while the recognition performance is improved.
Charge-Sensitive Infrared Phototransisotrs: Ultra-sensitive Detectors in the Wavelength Range of 5-50µm

Novel ultrasensitive detectors in the wavelength range of λ = 5-50 μm have developed. The detectors are charge-sensitive infrared phototransistors (CSIPs) fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well structures. The devices serve as a phototransistor capable of counting single photons, while a function is similarly to CMOS image sensors. The excellent noise equivalent power (NEP = 6.8x10-19 W/Hz1/2) and specific detectivity (D* = 1.2x1015 cmHz1/2/W) are demonstrated for λ = 14.7 μm, which are by a few orders of magnitude superior to those of the other state-of-the-art detectors. These figures of merit persist up to 23K. Temperature dependence of the performance is studied and wavelength range expansion is attempted. The simple planar structure of CSIPs is feasible for array fabrication including future monolithic integration with reading circuits.
Basic hope as a world-view: an outline of a concept

After Erikson`s (1963, 1964) conceptualization, a new theory of basic hope is proposed. Basic hope is considered a fundamental constituent of an individual`s world view, mostly unconscious and learned very early. It consists of the belief in two characteristics of the world: its higher order and sense and its general positivity towards a human being. Basic Hope Inventory (BHI) was developed to measure the strength of basic hope. The first data indicates that basic hope correlates positively with adaptive reactions to personal loss and with constructive long-term consequences of it and that these correlations are autonomous from optimism and hope for success (Snyder, 1994). Basic hope seems to predict positive effects in psychotherapy, it correlates positively with well-being and negatively with anxiety, depression and psychosomatic symptoms.
SEGMENTATION OF NON-CONVEX REGIONS WITHIN UTERINE CERVIX IMAGES

The National Cancer Institute has collected a large database of uterine cervix images, termed "cervigrams" for cervical cancer screening research. Tissues of interest within the cervigram, in particular the lesions, are of varying sizes and complex, non-convex shapes. The current work proposes a new methodology that enables the segmentation of non-convex regions, thus providing a major step forward towards cervigram tissue detection and lesion delineation. The framework transitions from pixels to a set of small coherent regions (superpixels), which are grouped bottom-up into larger, non-convex, perceptually similar regions, utilizing a new graph-cut criterion and agglomerative clustering. Superpixels similarity is computed via a combined region and boundary information measure. Results for a set of 120 cervigrams, manually marked by a medical expert, are shown.
Locoregional radiation therapy in patients with high-risk breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: 20-year results of the British Columbia randomized trial.

BACKGROUND The British Columbia randomized radiation trial was designed to determine the survival impact of locoregional radiation therapy in premenopausal patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer treated by modified radical mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Three hundred eighteen patients were assigned to receive no further therapy or radiation therapy (37.5 Gy in 16 fractions). Previous analysis at the 15-year follow-up showed that radiation therapy was associated with a statistically significant improvement in breast cancer survival but that improvement in overall survival was of only borderline statistical significance. We report the analysis of data from the 20-year follow-up. METHODS Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Relative risk estimates were calculated by the Wald test from the proportional hazards regression model. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS At the 20 year follow up (median follow up for live patients: 249 months) chemotherapy and radiation therapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, were associated with a statistically significant improvement in all end points analyzed, including survival free of isolated locoregional recurrences (74% versus 90%, respectively; relative risk [RR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18 to 0.71; P = .002), systemic relapse-free survival (31% versus 48%; RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.88; P = .004), breast cancer-free survival (48% versus 30%; RR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.83; P = .001), event-free survival (35% versus 25%; RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.92; P = .009), breast cancer-specific survival (53% versus 38%; RR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.90; P = .008), and, in contrast to the 15-year follow-up results, overall survival (47% versus 37%; RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.98; P = .03). Long-term toxicities, including cardiac deaths (1.8% versus 0.6%), were minimal for both arms. CONCLUSION For patients with high-risk breast cancer treated with modified radical mastectomy, treatment with radiation therapy (schedule of 16 fractions) and adjuvant chemotherapy leads to better survival outcomes than chemotherapy alone, and it is well tolerated, with acceptable long-term toxicity.
Reinventing the role of the project manager in mobilising knowledge in construction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how the more tacit dimension of knowledge is shared in projects in a construction contracting organisation and whether explicit organisational knowledge management initiatives can help resolve and better manage project‐based challenges.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a single in‐depth case study and uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods.Findings – The findings demonstrate how the more tacit dimension of knowledge is fundamentally important to resolving project‐based challenges, such as adjusting the detail of or re‐sequencing tasks, that major contractors frequently face. Even though a number of organisational initiatives were in place, knowledge was most successfully mobilised due to project managers, who competently orchestrate a number of inter‐ and intra‐organisational relationships amongst a host of stakeholders who are relevant to the delivery of projects.Research limitations/implications – The resear.
γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptors Are Constitutively Internalized via the Clathrin-dependent Pathway and Targeted to Lysosomes for Degradation*

Receptor internalization is recognized as an important mechanism for rapidly regulating cell surface numbers of receptors. However, there are conflicting results on the existence of rapid endocytosis of γ-aminobutyric acid, type B (GABAB) receptors. Therefore, we analyzed internalization of GABAB receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells qualitatively and quantitatively using immunocytochemical, cell surface enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and biotinylation methods. The data indicate the existence of rapid constitutive receptor internalization, with the first endocytosed receptors being observed in proximity of the plasma membrane after 10 min. After 120 min, a loss of about 40–50% of cell surface receptors was detected. Stimulation of GABAB receptors with GABA or baclofen did not enhance endocytosis of receptors, indicating the lack of agonist-induced internalization. The data suggest that GABAB receptors were endocytosed via the classical dynamin- and clathrin-dependent pathway and accumulated in an endosomal sorting compartment before being targeted to lysosomes for degradation. No evidence for recycling of receptors back to the cell surface was found. In conclusion, the results indicate the presence of constitutive internalization of GABAB receptors via clathrin-coated pits, which resulted in lysosomal degradation of the receptors.
Making Difference Count: A Demographic Study of Overseas Born Teachers

This article reports on the findings of a demographic study which is part of an Australian Research Council funded case study. It seeks to better understand the experiences and challenges facing teachers who are overseas born and educated non-native speakers of English. The investigation has been carried out in Victorian government metropolitan, regional city and rural secondary schools. A statewide survey has provided data about this previously ‘invisible’ population of teachers, their demographic location, their qualifications, backgrounds and the nature of their teaching experiences. The findings raise a number of concerns in relation to overseas born teachers of ethnic difference in rural schools where cultural and professional isolation may be of particular concern. We explore some of the implications for teacher education in the light of increasing numbers of overseas born students entering teacher education courses.
Epoxy‐resin injection of the cerebral arterial microvasculature: An evaluation of the limits of spatial resolution in 8 Tesla MRI

The purpose of this study was to quantify the spatial resolution of microscopic arteries on magnetic resonance images acquired at 8 Tesla (T). Techniques similar to those used for standard MRI of the human brain in vivo at 8 T were utilized to generate high‐resolution gradient echo (GE) images of a whole postmortem human brain whose common carotid arterial system had been injected with an epoxy‐resin. Single slice images, along with summed images of up to 5 contiguous slices, were then compared to color digital photographs detailing the distribution of the arterial system on the surface of the same injected brain. There was excellent MR visualization of the microscopic cerebral arteries down to a spatial resolution of 200 μm. Through the use of an 8 T whole‐body MRI scanner and standard GE imaging sequences, microscopic arterial structures can be clearly resolved down to a dimension of 200 μm. Clin. Anat. 18:164–170, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noninvasive wearable brain sensing

Transforming the field of portable noninvasive brain monitoring from cumbersome, inconvenient and obtrusive sensing systems into new ergonomic, user-friendly solutions requires solid evidence from practice. Multi-modal sensing of brain signals digitized at the sensor level, minimization of noise using active sensors and shielding, and flexible and reconfigurable dry electrodes are essential components of such solutions. Usefulness of these basic ingredients has been demonstrated in several research publications, however deficiencies of novel brain sensing systems and their components over traditional gel-based systems and their clinical relevance have rarely been discussed. Here we present state-of-the-art and illustrate some of the latest developments in imec's wearable brain sensing systems and identify latest research trends and needs.