Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cameras in the classroom – media competence through student teachers’ theoretical reflections on the use of classroom videos?

Abstract Classroom videos are effective in teacher education, allowing students to repeatedly observe authentic lessons without being physically present. This study investigates the extent to which this authenticity exists, given the influence of media technology (e.g. recording devices) inside the classroom and the online reception of such methods outside the classroom. From the perspective of media studies, this influence is evident; nevertheless, it is rarely examined in teacher training. This deficiency was addressed using a compact online survey. The results showed that student teachers’ media competence is not very well-developed under this media studies focus. Approximately half the respondents did not realize that recorded classroom situations differed from non-recorded ones; additionally, none stated that their own perception of these situations online via video is very different from that on site in the classroom. However, the survey represents a compact method for triggering students’ media studies reflection using the example of videography and training them in the critical use of media.
On the generation of enhanced sunward convection and transpolar aurora in the high-latitude ionosphere by magnetic merging

[1] The IMAGE Wideband Imaging Camera (WIC) instrument observed the duskside development of an oval-aligned transpolar auroral arc (TPA) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) on 16 December 2001 during strong IMF ∣B∣ ∼ 18 nT and a generally steady ∼56° clock angle (positive IMF By and Bz). Observational evidence suggests that the dayside part of the duskside TPA formed due to quasi-continuous merging between the IMF and the lobe magnetic field tailward of the cusp while the nightside part is associated with the Harang discontinuity. The low-altitude CHAMP satellite confirms an upward northward IMF Bz (NBZ) field-aligned current (FAC) over the dayside TPA while associating a downward NBZ current with the region of diminished WIC emissions in between the auroral oval and the TPA. DMSP F14 suggests that the dayside region of the downward NBZ current coincides with precipitating magnetosheath-like ions of reversed energy-latitude dispersion consistent with high-latitude reconnection. SuperDARN observes enhanced ionospheric sunward flows generally centered between the oppositely directed NBZ currents. We associate these flows with a clockwise lobe convection vortex and the dayside part of the TPA. The nightside TPA, however, is related to stagnant or antisunward flow and the upward FAC region of the Harang discontinuity. Cluster observations confirm the simultaneous presence of rotational discontinuities across the duskside magnetopause with changes in the magnetosheath plasma velocity that indicate an active merging region poleward of Cluster. A global MHD simulation generates sunward flow between a pair of opposite FACs on either side of a lobe reconnection site near (X, Y, Z)GSM = (−4.7, 5.4, 10.2) RE thus conforming with Cluster and SuperDARN expectations. The sense of these FACs agrees with the low-altitude NBZ observations.
On Conspiracy Thought Models in Thinking Climate Change

People make mistakes in their thinking. Errors in human thinking and incorrect information contents in people’s mental representations can be found in everyday context such as in arguments about the current climate crisis. Erroneous thinking can cause false thought models such as climate change denialism and conspiracy thinking. Therefore, it is important to analyze the information contents of incorrect schemas or thought models. This can be done with an approach called content-based psychology. In this research we analyzed 2980 public opinions posted in Finnish Social Media Platform Suomi24 to study how people think about and what kinds of illusory contents they use in constructing their representations on climate issues. We wanted to ask whether one can find illusory thinking in social media posts and to outline a typical construction of a false thought model in conspiracy thinking related to climate change. As a result, we found that conspiracy thinking can be found in online media discussions, and it is strongly associated with climate change denialism. Also, different fallacious or biased thought models have combined effects in constructing active mental representations in conspiracy thought models. Analyzing mental contents makes it possible to understand denialist and illusory thinking, but it requires further work. Keywords: Climate change thinking,, Erroneous thinking, Content-based psychology, Denialism, Conspiracy thinking
The Synthetic Peptide GA-Hecate and Its Analogs Inhibit Multiple Steps of the Chikungunya Virus Infection Cycle In Vitro

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus and is responsible for significant outbreaks worldwide. Currently, there is no approved antiviral therapy against CHIKV. Bioactive peptides have great potential for new drug development. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the synthetic peptide GA-Hecate and its analogs PSSct1905 and PSSct1910 against CHIKV infection. Initial screening showed that all three peptides inhibited the CHIKV replication cycle in baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) and human hepatocarcinoma epithelial cells (Huh-7). GA-Hecate and its analog PSSct1905 were the most active, demonstrating suppression of viral infection by more than 91%. The analog PSSct1905 exhibited a protective effect in cells against CHIKV infection. We also observed that the analogs PSSct1905 and PSSct1910 affected CHIKV entry into both cell lines, inhibiting viral attachment and internalization. Finally, all tested compounds presented antiviral activity on the post-entry steps of CHIKV infection in all cells evaluated. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the peptide GA-Hecate and its analogs as novel anti-CHIKV compounds targeting different stages of the viral replication cycle, warranting the development of GA-Hecate-based compounds with broad antiviral activity.
Modelling and Feedback Control for Reversing a Nonholonomic Mobile Robot Platoon

This paper addresses the control problem of a platoon of nonholonomic mobile robots in the case of backward motion of the leading robot. By using a virtual non-static with respect to the lead robot reference frame as a target, a kinematic model of the robot platoon in error coordinates is developed. A nonlinear feedback controller based on the entire platoon model is designed by means of high-gain control. Asymptotic stability property of the closed-loop system is established using Lyapunov theory. For backward motion of the leading robot along a circular path, at steady-state, the two-robot platoon should travel concentric arcs of same radii with prescribed inter-robot spacing. The performance of the proposed tracking controller is illustrated through numerical simulations.
Interactions between continental breakup dynamics and large‐scale delta system evolution: Insights from the Cretaceous Ceduna delta system, Bight Basin, Southern Australian margin

The interpretation of two regional seismic reflection profiles and the construction of a balanced cross section through the southern Australian margin (Bight Basin) are designed to analyze the influence of the Australia‐Antarctica continental breakup process on the kinematic evolution of the Cretaceous Ceduna delta system. The data show that the structural architecture of this delta system consists of two stacked delta systems. The lower White Pointer delta system (Late Albian‐Santonian) is an unstable tectonic wedge, regionally detached seaward above Late Albian ductile shales. Sequential restoration suggests that the overall gravitational sliding behavior of the White Pointer delta wedge (∼45 km of seaward extension, i.e., ∼27%) is partially balanced by the tectonic denudation of the subcontinental mantle. We are able to estimate the horizontal stretching rate of the mantle exhumation between ∼2 and 5 km Ma−1. The associated uplift of the distal part of the margin and associated flexural subsidence in the proximal part of the basin are partially responsible for the decrease of the gravitational sliding of the White Pointer delta system. Lithospheric failure occurs at ∼84 Ma through the rapid exhumation of the mantle. The upper Hammerhead delta system (Late Santonian‐Maastrichtian) forms a stable tectonic wedge developed during initial, slow seafloor spreading and sag basin evolution of the Australian side margin. Lateral variation of basin slope (related to the geometry of the underlying White Pointer delta wedge) is associated with distal raft tectonic structures sustained by high sedimentation rates. Finally, we propose a conceptual low‐angle detachment fault model for the evolution of the Australian‐Antarctic conjugate margins, in which the Antarctic margin corresponds to the upper plate and the Australian margin to the lower plate.
Holocene Evolution of the East Texas Coast and Inner Continental Shelf: Along-Strike Variability in Coastal Retreat Rates

ABSTRACT The low gradient east Texas coast and inner-continental shelf, from Sabine Lake at the Texas-Louisiana border to the western end of Galveston Island, experienced extreme along-strike variations in rates of Holocene coastal retreat. Around 7.7 ka a barrier shoreline was located approximately 55 km offshore. Toward the western end of Galveston Island, the shoreline retreated 55 km, occupying a position on the lagoon side of the Island by about 5.3 ka. Toward the Texas-Louisiana border, the shoreline retreated more gradually, occupying a position seaward of Sabine Bank by 5.3 ka. Between 4.7 ka and 2.8 ka the shoreline at Sabine Bank retreated 30 km, while Galveston Island prograded seaward. Bolivar Peninsula began to accrete around 1.5 ka. Heald and Sabine banks, located on the inner continental shelf above terraced fluvial deposits of the Trinity-Sabine incised valley, are the only preserved remnants of these former shoreline positions. Fluctuating rates of sea-level rise were not the forcing mechanism behind episodes of rapid shoreline retreat because these events were localized. Rather, along-strike variations in the rate of transgression were caused by the variable inner-shelf gradients, which increase towards the west, and the orientation of the Sabine incised valley and associated terraced fluvial deposits, which trend northeast-southwest (parallel to shore). As shorelines retreated over fluvial deposits, these served as local sand sources that enabled barrier islands to persist Figure 1. Map of the east Texas inner shelf showing locations of Sabine, Heald, and Shepard banks. Paleotopographic map of the Pleistocene surface (thin contours; Siringan 1993) delineates the Trinity-Sabine incised valley, which formed during the last lowstand of sea level (Thomas and Anderson 1994). Bathymetric contours are shown as thick lines with bold numbers. Dots are core locations. End_Page 405------------------------ offshore, out of equilibrium with sea level. Once these sand sources became depleted, and/or sea level reached some critical threshold, barrier shorelines became stranded offshore as banks, and new shorelines formed landward. The geologic setting of coastal areas, specifically antecedent topography, plays a primary role in controlling coastal evolution. To accurately forecast long-term (centennial to millennial) coastal evolution, it is essential that impacts associated with variations in the underlying geology of coastal areas be incorporated into coastal forecasting models.
Discrimination of glacier facies using multi-temporal SAR data

Abstract Glacier facies from the Greenland ice sheet and the Wrangell-St Elias Mountains, Alaska, are analyzed using multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the European Space Agency ERS-1 satellite. Distinct zones and facies are visible in multi-temporal SAR data, including the dry-snow facies, the combined percolation and wet-snow facies, the ice facies, transient melt areas and moraine. In Greenland and south-central Alaska, very similar multi-temporal signatures are evident for the same facies, although these facies are found at lower altitude in West Greenland where the equilibrium line appears to be found at sea level at 71°30? N during the year analyzed (1992-93), probably because of the cooling effect of the eruption of Mount Pinatubo. In Greenland, both the percolation and dry-snow facies are excellent distributed targets for sensor calibration, with backscatter coefficients stable to within 0.2 dB. However, the percolation facies near the top of Mount Wrangell are more complex and less easily delineated than in Greenland, and at high altitude the glacier facies have a multi-temporal signature which depends sensitively on slope orientation.
Sharpness of the mantle discontinuities

Seismic estimates of sharpness of the mantle discontinuities are important for constraining models of composition and temperature in the deep Earth but these data are difficult to obtain. We explore a possibility to determine sharpness of the major mantle discontinuities (those at depths around 400 and 650 km) from the broad-band records of phases converted from P to S underneath the receiver. Our estimates are obtained from a comparative analysis of waveforms of the converted phases and those of the P waves in the teleseismic records of BRV (Kazakhstan), GRF (Germany), NRE0 (Norway) and YKW (Canada). The data indicate that the shape of the pulse converted at the 400-km discontinuity is close to that of the P wave whereas the pulse of the 650-km conversion is substantially broader. We infer from this comparison that the 400-km discontinuity is sharp (width of the transition zone is less than 5–7 km). The 650-km transition is modelled by a linear gradient zone 20–30 km thick.
The Impact of Charter Schools on Student Academic Achievement

The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of charter schools on student academic achievement. Using school level data from Massachusetts for the period 2011-2017, it was found that charter schools had higher average SAT scores in both math and reading than non-charter public schools, holding all other factors constant. Using a random effects model, it was found that the average math SAT score was 17.6 points higher in charter schools, and the average reading SAT score was 28.6 points higher in charter schools. These results corroborate the findings of prior studies, especially Angrist, Cohodes, Dynarski, Pathak, and Walters (2016).
A view of Hurricane Katrina with early 21st century technology

Observing, modeling, and forecasting systems have been undergoing rapid development in the past two to three decades. For example, Atlantic hurricanes are closely monitored by the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service through a significantly improved upper-air and ground-based observational network supplemented by aircraft, ship, and ocean buoy data. Given initial conditions and lateral boundary conditions provided by larger-scale model analyses, regional models have been widely utilized to predict hurricane track and intensity. Nowadays, satellite observations are playing an increasingly important role in providing global estimations of precipitation, radiative fluxes, clouds, and winds, with unprecedented temporal and spatial coverage. Global atmospheric models and global operational analyses are moving toward providing forecasts and products at resolutions ranging from 0.1° to 0.5° (10–50 kilometers). There is evidence that improved hurricane structure and track forecasts could result in part from such increases in model resolution.
Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone

[1] GPS measurements of interseismic horizontal surface velocities reveal the degree of kinematic coupling of the plate boundary thrust along the Kamchatka subduction zone from about 51 degrees to 57 degrees N latitude. Inversions for the distribution of aseismic slip rate along the similar to 15 degrees NW dipping underthrust suggest a nonslipping plate interface in southern Kamchatka above similar to 50 km depth, along the segment that ruptured in the M-w = 9, 1952 earthquake. North of similar to 53 degrees N, the subduction interface experiences significant aseismic slip, consistent with the lower seismic moment release in M <= 8.5 earthquakes along this portion of the subduction zone. The GPS velocities are consistent with a boundary element forward model in which historic earthquake rupture zones are represented as locked asperities, surrounded by a zero shear stress subduction interface loaded by plate convergence. Models in which the complete rupture zones of historic earthquakes are considered locked greatly overpredict the degree of kinematic coupling. Reducing the area of the locked model asperities to the central 25% area of historic rupture zones fits the data well, suggesting that large earthquakes involve small fully locked core asperities surrounded by conditionally stable portions of the plate interface. Areas of low aseismic slip rate appear to be roughly correlated with areas of low isostatic gravity anomalies over offshore forearc basins, while less coupled portions of the Kamchatka subduction zone coincide with high-gravity anomalies offshore of two peninsulas, possibly related to the subduction of the Emperor-Meji seamount chain and the Kruzenstern fracture zone.
IntegrityEffects of Age and Gender on White Matter

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI provides a sensitive measure of change in the microstructure of white matter integrity. The purpose of our study was to investigate age-related changes, sex differences, and age-by-sex interactions in white matter integrity (FA, AD, and RD) across the whole brain with a large sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 857 healthy subjects (mean age (cid:1) 56.1 (cid:2) 9.9 years; age range (cid:1) 24.9–84.8 years) were included in this study. All subjects were scanned at 3T. With use of TBSS, we examined the effects of age and sex on FA, AD, and RD in the white matter. RESULTS: Global FA was negatively correlated with age ( R 2 (cid:1) 0.18, P (cid:3) . 0001), and global AD and RD were positively correlated with age (AD: R 2 (cid:1) 0.02, P (cid:3) . 0001; RD: R 2 (cid:1) 0.19, P (cid:3) . 0001). The correlation between age and global AD, however, was weak. Voxelwise analysis revealed a number of regions where FA was negatively correlated with age, with most of these regions showing a significant positive correlation between RD and age. There was a significant age-related FA increase in several white matter regions. Voxelwise analysis also revealed many regions where FA, AD, or RD differed between men and women; however, no region showed a significant interaction between age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that age-related changes in white matter integrity are more strongly associated with myelin sheath degeneration than with axonal degeneration, and that, in some specific regions, the number of remyelinated axons might increase with age. Our results also suggest that there are no sex differences in the aging process of the white matter.
Reconstruction of stereoscopic image using adaptive disparity estimation scheme

In this paper, a new stereoscopic image reconstruction technique using an adaptive disparity estimation algorithm is proposed and its performance is analyzed in terms of PSNR through comparison to that of the conventional disparity estimation algorithms. In the proposed method, the feature-based disparity estimation method in which Canny mask operator is used for detecting the edge information from the input stereo pair are used for extracting the feature value. And, the matching window size for reconstruction of stereoscopic image is adaptively selected depending on the magnitude of the feature value of the input stereo pair by comparing with the predetermined threshold value. That is, coarse matching is carried out in the region having a small feature value while dense matching is carried out in the region having a large feature value. This new approach can not only reduce mismatching possibility of the disparity vector mostly happened in the conventional dense disparity estimation with a small matching window size, but also reduce the blocking effect occurred in the disparity estimation with a large matching window size. From some experimental results, it is found that the proposed algorithm improves PSNR of the reconstructed image about 5.36~7.76 dB on the average than that of the conventional algorithms.
Uncertainties in the temperature sensitivity of decomposition in tropical and subtropical ecosystems: Implications for models

Tropical ecosystems play a central role in the global carbon cycle. Large changes in tropical temperature over geologic time and the significant responses of tropical ecosystems to shorter‐term variations such as El Niño/La Niña argue for a robust understanding of the temperature sensitivity of tropical decomposition. To examine the responsiveness of heterotrophic respiration to temperature, we measured rates of heterotrophic respiration from a wide range of tropical soils in a series of laboratory incubations. Under conditions of optimal soil water and nonlimiting substrate availability, heterotrophic respiration rose exponentially with rising temperature. The meanQ10measured across all temperature ranges in these short‐term incubations was 2.37, but there was significant variation inQ10s across sites. The source of this variation could not be explained by soil carbon or nitrogen content, soil texture, site climate, or lignin to nitrogen ratio. At the beginning of the incubation, heterotrophic respiration increased exponentially with temperature for all sites, despite the fact that the fluxes differed by an order of magnitude. When substrate availability became limiting later in the incubation, the temperature response changed, and heterotrophic response declined above 35°C. The documented changes in temperature sensitivity with substrate availability argue for using temperature relationships developed under optimal conditions of substrate availability for models which include temperature regulation of heterotrophic respiration. To evaluate the significance of this natural variation in temperature control over decomposition, we used the Century ecosystem model gridded for the areas between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. These simulations used the mean and upper and lower confidence limits of the normalized exponential temperature response of our experimental studies. We found that systems with the lowest temperature sensitivity accumulated a total of 70 Pg more carbon in soil organic carbon and respired 5.5 Pg yr−1 less carbon compared to the systems with the highest sensitivity.