Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional and cognitive recovery of patients with traumatic brain injury: prediction tree model versus general model.

raumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. As a result of TBI, 1.5 million persons die every year and nearly 2% of the world population has a long-term or lifelong need for help in performing activities of daily living. A patient’s condition during the first few weeks after a TBI is extremely unstable and life-threatening. During such critical periods, accurate neurological assessment is essential for predicting recovery. Many researchers have evaluated various clinical variables as prognostic indicators. For critical care nurses, data from neurological assessments are particularly important, both for evaluating the severity of TBIs and for planning the short-term management and early rehabilitation of patients with TBI. The care team and the families of patients with TBI are concerned about the prognosis for death/survival and degrees of disability and about possible complications during critical Functional and Cognitive Recovery of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Prediction Tree Model Versus General Model Cover Article
Institute for Mathematical Physics Entropy of Three–dimensional Asymptotically Flat Cosmological Solutions Entropy of Three-dimensional Asymptotically Flat Cosmological Solutions

The thermodynamics of three-dimensional asymptotically flat cos-mological solutions that play the same role than the BTZ black holes in the anti-de Sitter case is derived and explained from holographic properties of flat space. It is shown to coincide with the flat-space limit of the thermodynamics of the inner black hole horizon on the one hand and the semi-classical approximation to the gravitational partition function associated to the entropy of the outer horizon on the other. This leads to the insight that it is the Massieu function that is universal in the sense that it can be computed at either horizon.
Probability and Statistics Applied to the Practice of Financial Risk Management: The Case of JP Morgan's RiskMetricsTM

This work describes applications of probability and statistics in RiskMetrics TM , J P Morgan's methodology for quantifying market risk. The methodology implements an analytical approach to nancial risk in trading, arbitrage, and investment based on the statistics of market moves in equities, bonds, currencies and commodities. The public unveiling of RiskMetrics TM in October of 1994 attracted widespread interest among regulators, competing nancial institutions, investment managers, and corporate treasurers, while the available technical documentation oers us a unique opportunity for informed statistical research on the theory and practice of nancial risk management. For the purpose of identifying problems for further research, this discussion focuses on ve applications of statistics in RiskMetrics TM , which range from data analysis of daily returns and locally Gaussian processes to stochastic volatility models and It^ o processes for the term structure of interest rates. The latter problems re BLOCKINect the author's particular interest in stochastic inference for Markov processes and multivariate dependencies. Another important theme of this discussion, however, is devoted to attracting statisticians to the study of nancial risk management and developing the foundations for collaborative w ork with nancial economists and practicing risk managers. For this reason, this is also an expository document that touches several areas of active statistical research with applications to problems of risk management.
Implementation of a tracking system based on UWB technology in a retail environment

This paper proposes a tracking system based on Ultra-wideband technology. The system provides the use of several Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) antennas properly positioned inside a predetermined area and powered battery tags free to move inside the area. This system finds wide application in retail field. In fact, through the analysis of the collected tracking data, it allows to derive several information on the shoppers behaviour inside the store. Behaviours that concern flows of walking, most visited areas inside the space dedicated to the shopping and average travel times.
Channel selection with Rayleigh fading: A multi-armed bandit framework

Channel Selection in fading environments with no prior information on the channels' quality is a challenging issue. In the case of `Rayleigh channels' the measured Signal-To-Noise Ratio follows exponential distributions. Thus, we suggest in this paper a simple algorithm that deals with resource selection when the measured samples are drawn from exponential distributions. This strategy, referred to as Multiplicative Upper Confidence Bound Algorithm (MUCB), associates a utility index to every available arm, and then selects the arm with the highest index. For every arm, the associated index is equal to the product of a multiplicative factor by the sample mean of the rewards collected by this arm. We show that MUCB policies are order optimal. Moreover simulations illustrate and validate the stated theoretical results.
Advances in Molecular Imaging of Locally Delivered Targeted Therapeutics for Central Nervous System Tumors

Thanks to the recent advances in the development of chemotherapeutics, the morbidity and mortality of many cancers has decreased significantly. However, compared to oncology in general, the field of neuro-oncology has lagged behind. While new molecularly targeted chemotherapeutics have emerged, the impermeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) renders systemic delivery of these clinical agents suboptimal. To circumvent the BBB, novel routes of administration are being applied in the clinic, ranging from intra-arterial infusion and direct infusion into the target tissue (convection enhanced delivery (CED)) to the use of focused ultrasound to temporarily disrupt the BBB. However, the current system depends on a “wait-and-see” approach, whereby drug delivery is deemed successful only when a specific clinical outcome is observed. The shortcomings of this approach are evident, as a failed delivery that needs immediate refinement cannot be observed and corrected. In response to this problem, new theranostic agents, compounds with both imaging and therapeutic potential, are being developed, paving the way for improved and monitored delivery to central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. In this review, we focus on the advances and the challenges to improve early cancer detection, selection of targeted therapy, and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, brought forth by the development of these new agents.
Brain tumours: incidence, survival, and aetiology

The term “brain tumours” refers to a mixed group of neoplasms originating from intracranial tissues and the meninges with degrees of malignancy ranging from benign to aggressive. Each type of tumour has its own biology, treatment, and prognosis and each is likely to be caused by different risk factors. Even “benign” tumours can be lethal due to their site in the brain, their ability to infiltrate locally, and their propensity to transform to malignancy. This makes the classification of brain tumours a difficult science and creates problems in describing the epidemiology of these conditions. Public perception generally fails to distinguish between different tumour subtypes and although treatments and prognosis may vary, the functional neurological consequences are frequently similar. This article will give an overview of the burden of brain tumours in the population, looking at the major subtypes where possible, in addition to giving a summary of current views on possible causes. The descriptions in this paper focus on primary tumours of the brain. It excludes data on spinal cord tumours, metastatic tumours, whose origins are external to the central nervous system, and primary brain lymphomas, which are essentially haematological malignancies. Malignant tumours of the brain are a rare occurrence accounting for approximately 2% of all cancers in adults. Approximately 4400 people are newly diagnosed with a brain tumour each year in the UK compared to over 40 000 women with breast cancer and approximately 25 000 men with prostate cancer. Figure 1 shows additional comparative data for different cancers. The overall annual incidence rate of all brain tumours is 7 per 100 000 population. UK data are listed in table 1. View this table: Table 1 Brain and central nervous system tumours: UK incidence 1999 Figure 1 UK incidence 1999: cancers which contribute 1% or more to total cancer burden. The greatest proportion of adult tumours …
The ETSI extended distributed speech recognition (DSR) standards: server-side speech reconstruction

In this paper we present work that has been carried out in developing the ETSI Extended DSR standards ES 202 211 and ES 202 212. These standards extend the previous ETSI DSR standards: basic front-end ES 201 108 and advanced (noise robust) front-end ES 202 050 respectively. The extensions enable enhanced tonal language recognition as well as server-side speech reconstruction capability. This paper discusses the server-side speech reconstruction whereas a companion paper discusses the front-end extension and tonal language recognition. Experimental results show that the reconstructed speech produced by the standards is highly intelligible under clean and noisy background conditions with the DRT (diagnostic rhyme test) and TT (transcription test) scores meeting or exceeding the objective values corresponding to the USA DoD (Department of Defence) federal standard MELP (mixed-excitation linear predictive) coder operating at 2400 bit/s.
Callous-Unemotional Traits, Relational and Social Aggression, and Interpersonal Maturity in a Sample of Behaviorally Disordered Adolescents

ABSTRACT The authors examined the degree to which callous-unemotional traits and narcissism predict relational aggression, social aggression, and prosocial skills in a sample of 79 adolescent offenders (13–18 years old; 26% girls; 74% boys) attending a school for youth with behavior disorders in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Narcissism made a significant contribution to the prediction of both relational aggression and social aggression, accounting for most of the unique variance in the prediction of these indirect forms of aggression. Conversely, callous-unemotional traits—but not narcissism—made a significant contribution to the prediction of lower prosocial skills. Furthermore, in contrast to the large number of studies indicating gender differences in the expression of aggression, no significant gender differences in the present study were found.
Impaired D2 Dopamine Receptor Function in Mice Lacking Type 5 Adenylyl Cyclase

Dopamine receptor subtypes D1 and D2, and many other seven-transmembrane receptors including adenosine receptor A2A, are colocalized in striatum of brain. These receptors stimulate or inhibit adenylyl cyclases (ACs) to produce distinct physiological and pharmacological responses and interact with each other synergistically or antagonistically at various levels. The identity of the AC isoform that is coupled to each of these receptors, however, remains unknown. To investigate the in vivo role of the type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5), which is preferentially expressed in striatum, mice deficient for the AC5 gene were generated. The genetic ablation of the AC5 gene eliminated >80% of forskolin-induced AC activity and 85–90% of AC activity stimulated by either D1 or A2A receptor agonists in striatum. However, D1- or A2A-specific pharmaco-behaviors were basically preserved, whereas the signal cascade from D2 to AC was completely abolished inAC5−/−, and motor activity of AC5−/− was not suppressed by treatment of cataleptic doses of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and sulpiride. Interestingly, both haloperidol and clozapine at low doses remarkably increased the locomotion ofAC5−/− in the open field test that was produced in part by a common mechanism that involved the increased activation of D1 dopamine receptors. Together, these results suggest that AC5 is the principal AC integrating signals from multiple receptors including D1, D2, and A2A in striatum and the cascade involving AC5 among diverse D2 signaling pathways is essential for neuroleptic effects of antipsychotic drugs.
A Study on Anticipation System of Shudder Distinction by the Physical Shape Alteration in Static Condition

Moving techniques is made up the physical moving status of the flow distinction modulus (FDM) and stream distinction modulus (SDM) on the shudder moving shape. Condition of the distinction modulus by the shudder moving shape is organized the dangle moving system. As to define the physical moving of special signal on the matter, we compared a shudder value of the flow distinction modulus on the flow state. The concept of stream distinction modulus is analyzed the reference of stream distinction signal and stream distinction signal by the stream state. For detecting a variation of the FDM-SDM of the maximum-minimum and average in terms of the moving shape, and shudder moving value that is a shudder value of the top variation of the Top- ε MAX-MIN-AVG with (-0.817)±0.15 units, that is a shudder value of the peripheral variation of the Per- ε MAX-MIN-AVG with (-2.53)±(-0.11) units, that is a shudder value of the limbus variation of the Lim- ε MAX-MIN-AVG with (-0.29)±0.03 units, that is a shudder value of the center variation of the Cen- ε MAX-MIN-AVG with (-0.09)±(-0.01) units. The dangle moving will be to assess at the capacity of the physical moving shape for the control degree of distinction modulus on the FDM-SDM that is showed the flow and stream shape by the distinction modulus system. Dangle distinction system is adjusted of a shape by the special moving and is included a shudder data of dangle moving modulus.
Contextualized explanations

The aim is to fill the gap between theory and practice in the production of explanations by a system. One reason of this gap arises from the fact that a problem is often solved thanks to a cooperation between the user and the system, and both participants in the cooperation need explanations. Explanations essentially depend on the context in which the user and the system interact. Such contextualized explanations are the result of a process and constitute a medium of communication between the user and the system during the problem solving. We focus on the need to make the context notion explicit in the explanation process. We analyze explanation and context in terms of chunks of knowledge. Then we point out the contribution of context to explanation. An example, drawn from a real application, introduces the problem. <<ETX>>
THERAPEUTICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

The introduction of the first antipsychotic medication in the early 1950s revolutionized mental health care strategies and led to the era of deinstitutionalization, a period in which patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders were released from state hospitals in large numbers to be cared for in the community (1). Nonetheless, with the growing understanding that a significant percentage of patients responds poorly to conventional antipsychotics, as well as the recognition of discouraging long-term outcomes for schizophrenia, the need to develop new therapeutic agents that work rapidly, potently, broadly, and with fewer side effects has become increasingly appreciated. The reintroduction of clozapine heralded the second generation of atypical antipsychotic drugs and a new pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. To date, the greater benefits of the atypical antipsychotic drugs in many outcome domains have been demonstrated (2), and novel medications are replacing the conventional antipsychotics as treatments of choice. The development of additional novel strategies to obtain potentially new antipsychotic compounds possessing unique pharmacologic profiles with few side effects is being pursued based on specific hypotheses (3). This chapter provides a review and critique of currently available pharmacologic and psychosocial treatments in schizophrenia, and focuses on investigational treatments and potential strategies for future pharmacotherapy.
Comparıson of the Heart Rate and Blood Lactate Responses of Different Small Sided Games in Young Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), blood lactate (La−), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE, CR-10) responses across different formats of small-sided games (SSG) in elite young soccer players. Fourteen players (average age 16.7 ± 0.6 years; height 177.6 ± 4.1 cm; body mass 66.3 ± 4.7 kg; average training age 6.7 ± 1.6 years; percentage of body fat 8.4 ± 2.6%) volunteered to perform the YoYo intermittent recovery test (level 1) and eight bouts of soccer drills including 2-a-side, 3-a-side, and 4-a-side games without goalkeepers in random order at two-day intervals. Heart rates were monitored throughout the SSGs, whereas the RPE and venous blood lactate were determined at the end of the last bout of each SSG. The differences in La−, %HRmax, and RPE either across the different SSGs or between the bouts were identified using 3 × 8 (games × exercise bouts) two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Significant differences were found in terms of La−, RPE, and %HRmax among the different types of SSG (p ≤ 0.05). 3-a-side and 4-a-side games elicited significantly higher responses than 2-a-side games in terms of %HRmax (p ≤ 0.05), whereas 4-a-side games resulted in significantly lower La− and RPE responses compared to 2-a-side and 3-a-side games. The results of this study show that physiological responses differ according to the numbers of players involved in small-sided games. Therefore, it can be concluded that 3-a-side and 4-a-side games could be more effective in improving high intensity aerobic performance than 2-a-side games, which in turn are more appropriate for developing anaerobic performance.
On the Parallel Complexity of Hamiltonian Cycle and Matching Problem on Dense Graphs

Dirac? s classical theorem asserts that, if every vertex of a graph G on n vertices has degree at least n/2 then G has a Hamiltonian cycle. We give a fast parallel algorithm on a CREW-PRAM to find a Hamiltonian cycle in such graphs. Our algorithm uses a linear number of processors and is optimal up to a polylogarithmic factor. The algorithm works in O(log4n) parallel time and uses linear number of processors on a CREW-PRAM. Our method bears some resemblance to Anderson? s RNC algorithm for maximal paths: we, too, start from a system of disjoint paths and try to glue them together. We are, however, able to perform the base step (perfect matching) deterministically. We also prove that a perfect matching in dense graphs can be found in NC2. The cost of improved time is a quadratic number of processors. On the negative side, we prove that finding an NC algorithm for perfect matching in slightly less dense graphs (minimum degree is at least (12 ? )|V|)is as hard as the same problem for all graphs, and interestingly the problem of finding a Hamiltonian cycle becomes NP-complete.
Identifying intentions: Latvian policy-makers’ perceptions of Russia’s intentions

ABSTRACT There is much disagreement on the specific aspects of behavior that are the most useful for estimating intentions of potential adversaries. One view is that military capabilities are the most useful. Alternative views consider that an adversary’s domestic politics, or symbolic-normative aspects of its behavior, contain valuable information for assessing its intentions. This article tests these three competing views on Latvia as a case study, based on in-depth interviews with 10 high-ranking decision-makers. The article concludes that although the interviewees regarded information on the potential adversary’s military capabilities to be crucial for inferring its intentions, other indicators were also regarded as important.
An Approach of Memory Mapping Intuition Inversion about Criminal Reasoning System

On purpose of improving the research in artificial intuition system (AIS) when the information in hand is not sufficient, a learning model of memory mapping intuition discovered (MMID) based on experience process is presented, and poses a skeleton of intuitive reasoning. Through the relationship construction of practical intuitive model and on-the-spot model, it sets up a couple of mapping models intuitive information acquisition. The study shows that the premise of intuitive reasoning is to set up patterns of memory mapping intuition inversion (MMII). The paper proposed the basic principles of experience or study and intuition sub-optimum selection from the single of human perception behavior.
Fourth Generation Phosphorus-Containing Dendrimers: Prospective Drug and Gene Delivery Carrier

Research concerning new targeting delivery systems for pharmacologically active molecules and genetic material is of great importance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of fourth generation (P4) cationic phosphorus-containing dendrimers to bind fluorescent probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), anti-neoplastic drug cisplatin, anti-HIV siRNA siP24 and its capability to deliver green fluorescent protein gene (pGFP) into cells. The interaction between P4 and ANS (as the model drug) was investigated. The binding constant and the number of binding centers per one molecule of P4 were determined. In addition, the dendriplex between P4 and anti-HIV siRNA siP24 was characterized using circular dichroism, fluorescence polarization and zeta-potential methods; the average hydrodynamic diameter of the dendriplex was calculated using zeta-size measurements. The efficiency of transfection of pGFP using P4 was determined in HEK293 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells, and the cytotoxicity of the P4-pGFP dendriplex was studied. Furthermore, enhancement of the toxic action of the anti-neoplastic drug cisplatin by P4 dendrimers was estimated. Based on the results, the fourth generation cationic phosphorus-containing dendrimers seem to be a good drug and gene delivery carrier candidate.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) A definition of normovolaemia and consequences for cardiovascular control during orthostatic and environmental stress

The Frank–Starling mechanism describes the relationship between stroke volume and preload to the heart, or the volume of blood that is available to the heart— the central blood volume. Understanding the role of the central blood volume for cardiovascular control has been complicated by the fact that a given central blood volume may be associated with markedly different central vascular pressures. The central blood volume varies with posture and, consequently, stroke volume and cardiac output ( _ Q) are affected, but with the increased central blood volume during head-down tilt, stroke volume and _ Q do not increase further indicating that in the supine resting position the heart operates on the plateau of the Frank–Starling curve which, therefore, may be taken as a functional definition of normovolaemia. Since the capacity of the vascular system surpasses the blood volume, orthostatic and environmental stress including bed rest/microgravity, exercise and training, thermal loading, illness, and trauma/haemorrhage is likely to restrict venous return and _ Q. Consequently the cardiovascular responses are determined primarily by their effect on the central blood volume. Thus during environmental stress, flow redistribution becomes dependent on sympathetic activation affecting not only skin and splanchnic blood flow, but also flow to skeletal muscles and the brain. This review addresses the hypothesis that deviations from normovolaemia significantly influence these cardiovascular responses.