Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Neural Morphology and Input Distribution on Synaptic Processing by Global and Focal NMDA-Spikes

Cortical neurons can respond to glutamatergic stimulation with regenerative N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-spikes. NMDA-spikes were initially thought to depend on clustered synaptic activation. Recent work had shown however a new variety of a global NMDA-spike, which can be generated by randomly distributed inputs. Very little is known about the factors that influence the generation of these global NMDA-spikes, as well the potentially distinct rules of synaptic integration and the computational significance conferred by the two types of NMDA-spikes. Here I show that the input resistance (RIN) plays a major role in influencing spike initiation; while the classical, focal NMDA-spike depended upon the local (dendritic) RIN, the threshold of global NMDA-spike generation was set by the somatic RIN. As cellular morphology can exert a large influence on RIN, morphologically distinct neuron types can have dissimilar rules for NMDA-spikes generation. For example, cortical neurons in superficial layers were found to be generally prone to global NMDA-spike generation. In contrast, electric properties of cortical layer 5b cells clearly favor focal NMDA-spikes. These differences can translate into diverse synaptic integration rules for the different classes of cortical cells; simulated superficial layers neurons were found to exhibit strong synaptic interactions between different dendritic branches, giving rise to a single integrative compartment mediated by the global NMDA-spike. In these cells, efficiency of postsynaptic activation was relatively little dependent on synaptic distribution. By contrast, layer 5b neurons were capable of true multi-unit computation involving independent integrative compartments formed by clustered synaptic input which could trigger focal NMDA-spikes. In a sharp contrast to superficial layers neurons, randomly distributed synaptic inputs were not very effective in driving firing the layer 5b cells, indicating a possibility for different computation performed by these important cortical neurons.
Electromagnetic Polarization in Partially Ionized Plasmas with Strong Magnetic Fields and Neutron Star Atmosphere Models

The polarizability tensor of a strongly magnetized plasma and the polarization vectors and opacities of normal electromagnetic waves are studied for conditions typical of neutron star atmospheres, taking account of partial ionization effects. Vacuum polarization is also included, and a new set of fitting formulae are used that are accurate for wide range of field strengths. The full account of the coupling of the quantum mechanical structure of the atoms to their center-of-mass motion across the magnetic field is shown to be crucial for the correct evaluation of the polarization properties and opacities of the plasma. The self-consistent treatment of the polarizability and absorption coefficients proves to be necessary if the ionization degree of the plasma is low, which can occur in the atmospheres of cool or ultramagnetized neutron stars. Atmosphere models and spectra are presented to illustrate the importance of such self-consistent treatment.
The Combinations of Frequent Pattern Tree and Candidate Generation for Mining Frequent Patterns

Many approaches have been proposed for mining frequent pattern. However, either the search space or memory space is huge, such that the performance for the previous approach degrades when the database is massive or the threshold for mining frequent patterns is low. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for mining frequent patterns. Our algorithm only needs to construct a FP-tree and traverse each subtree of the FP-tree to generate all the frequent patterns for an item without constructing any other subtrees. After traversing a subtree for an item, our approach merges and removes the subtree to reduce the FP-tree smaller and smaller. By this way, only a subtree of the reduced FP-tree needs to be traversed to generate frequent patterns for the other item. Since there is no extra trees constructed and the frequent patterns generated for an item only need to traverse a subtree, our approach is much more efficient than FP-Growth algorithm. The experimental results also show that our approach outperforms FP-Growth algorithm.
A Combinatorial Algebraic Approach for the Identifiability of Low-Rank Matrix Completion

In this paper, we review the problem of matrix completion and expose its intimate relations with algebraic geometry, combinatorics and graph theory. We present the first necessary and sufficient combinatorial conditions for matrices of arbitrary rank to be identifiable from a set of matrix entries, yielding theoretical constraints and new algorithms for the problem of matrix completion. We conclude by algorithmically evaluating the tightness of the given conditions and algorithms for practically relevant matrix sizes, showing that the algebraic-combinatoric approach can lead to improvements over state-of-the-art matrix completion methods.
Transitioning From Pediatric to Adult Care

Diabetes research and health care have traditionally been divided into two distinct areas for receiving medical care: pediatric and adult. We propose a fresh approach to providing care in which we consider the period of development after high school as a period of “emerging adulthood” for youth with diabetes. We argue that the traditional conceptualization of only two distinct groups of patients misses the unique personal needs of individuals immediately post–high school. We frame this discussion about the needs of these post–high school patients (∼18–30 years of age) within the context of a contemporary theory of post-adolescent development. With this developmental context in hand, we then review psychosocial research on youth with type 1 diabetes. Next we discuss current clinical perspectives and knowledge about the natural course of diabetes during these years. Armed with an understanding of development, psychosocial functioning, and overall health, we then consider the literature regarding transition programs for youth with chronic diseases—both diabetes and other illnesses. We conclude by presenting specific strategies and recommendations to help both pediatric and adult providers care for the transition needs of this vulnerable population of individuals with diabetes. Over the past century, traditional developmental psychology defined the time immediately after adolescence as the “young adult period” (3,4). In contrast, a leading contemporary developmental theorist (1,2) has argued that young adulthood does not begin until youth are in their late twenties or thirties and that the developmental stage between ∼l8 and 25 years defines a period called “emerging adulthood. ” Recent cultural trends in America for young people in their twenties lead to delays in assuming adult roles with respect to marriage, parenting, and work. Arnett (2) suggests that today's young people “explore the possibilities available to them in love and work, and move gradually toward making enduring …
Cloud Broker: Bringing Intelligence into the Cloud

Handling changes of business processes, and making sure systems are up and running after a change in the business process with minimum downtime is something which has been of interest to researchers for long and there have been several approaches proposed for it. With Cloud computing becoming increasingly popular businesses require a strong system for cloud based implementations which can handle change management of processes. In this paper we propose a change management approach for cloud backed business process models.
Implementation of a novel architecture for DFT-based channel estimators in OFDM systems

A new architecture for Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based channel estimation has been analyzed, implemented and synthesized for ASIC. The core concept of the proposed estimation algorithm is to process the channel increments rather than the channel coefficients. With strong enough time correlation, we can reduce the wordlength of processing blocks compared to standard channel estimators and hence the resulting area and power. We provide an analytical tool to predict the potential gains in bit reduction for different mobility scenarios. Our simulations show that the wordlength can be reduced from 9 to 3 bits when operating in low mobility scenarios, with 5Hz Doppler frequency, while maintaining acceptable performance. Synthesis results show up to 40% reduction in area, compared to the original DFT-based approach, in a 65nm CMOS process.
A Stable System of Mutual Nuclear Deterrence in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Many professional observers have come to the conclusion that, despite denials and technical problems whose solutions are not publicly known, Israel already has nuclear weapons or has completed all but the final steps in their fabrication. It is also widely believed that one or more Arab states will come into atomic possession within a 10 to 15 year time frame. The present analysis explores the consequences of the establishment of a regional mini-balance of terror. The central hypothesis is that apocalyptic images and doomsday visions have been accepted too readily and out of proportion to the arguments that are given, and that a stable system of mutual deterrence may be viable in the Middle East and may make a positive contribution to the process of political settlement. Problems of rationality, credibility, second-strike force survivability, escalation, tactical nuclear weapons, accidents, permissive action links, terrorism, preventive war, and the disclosure of nuclear weapons possession are discussed.
Resolvin D1 controls inflammation initiated by glutathione‐lipid conjugates formed during oxidative stress

Background and purpose: Inflammation is associated with oxidative stress and local generation of lipid peroxidation‐derived aldehydes, such as 4‐hydroxy‐trans‐2‐nonenal (HNE). In most tissues, HNE is readily conjugated with glutathione and presently it is unknown whether glutathionyl‐HNE (GS‐HNE) plays a functional role in inflammation. Here, we sought to determine whether GS‐HNE is a mediator of oxidative stress‐initiated inflammation and if its actions can be regulated by the anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving lipid mediator, resolvin D1 (RvD1).
Bayesian Supply Chain Tracking Using Serial-Level Information

Supply chain visibility is one of the main levers for achieving operational efficiency. Modern supply chain tracking systems can deliver serial-level information about the location of items progressing through the chain. However, these systems still fail to meet the managers' visibility requirements in full, since they provide discrete information about product location at specific time instances only. This paper proposes a model that uses the data provided by these tracking systems to deliver enhanced tracking information to the final user. Following a Bayesian approach, the model produces realistic continuous estimates about the current and future locations of products across a supply network, taking into account the characteristics of the product behavior as well as the configuration of the data-collection points. These estimates can then be used to optimize operational decisions that depend on product availability at different locations. This paper demonstrates how the proposed model can enhance tracking information delivered by the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and the electronic product code (EPC) network. The enhancement of tracking information quality is highlighted through an example.
When the local becomes international: The lexicogrammar of rhetorical moves in English and Spanish Sociology abstracts

Abstracts play a major role as time-saving and information-managing devices in our globalized world of scientific communication. In many non-Anglophone academic journals the pressure to disseminate results internationally is manifested in the requirement to write an English version of the abstract, usually a requisite for the journal to be included in international databases and citation indexes. In this paper it is my aim to investigate the main lexicogrammatical choices which contribute to the identification of rhetorical moves in research article (RA) abstracts translated into English by Spanish academics, and which are published in prestigious national journals as a requisite for those journals to be included in international databases. To carry out this analysis, three sets of texts have been compiled: (i) Spanish abstracts published in prestigious Spanish journals, (ii) their corresponding English translations published in the same journals; (iii) RA abstracts written in English by Anglophone academics (affiliated to Anglophone institutions) and published in leading international journals whose language of publication is English. I will focus on the discipline of Sociology, an emergent field for Spanish academics in terms of their contribution to the international arena. My ultimate aim is to explore how English translations compare with English L1 abstracts in terms of lexicogrammatical choices.
Statistical Significance Testing From Three Perspectives

LET ME BEGIN by extending accolades to the authors of these provocative papers for awakening our consciousness about the potential problems and pitfalls of advancing science through significance testing. The operative word in the pre ceding sentence is potential, however, for in my generic comments I will attempt to make a case? albeit a rudimentary one? in defense of significance testing. I will do so for two reasons.
Android Application for Secret Image Transmission and Reception Using Chaotic Steganography

Information hiding is an art which has been used since long back for covert communication. Steganography is the art of hiding secret message within a larger image or a secret image in another cover image, such that the hidden message or an image is undetectable. Chaotic systems are known for its randomness, it can be made utilized in achieving the encryption. In this paper chaos-based encryption algorithm for images is used. This algorithm is based on pixel scrambling where in the randomness of the chaos is made utilized to scramble the position of the pixels. Random pixel insertion method is used for hiding the secrete image in cover image. This Application is developed using the Java programming language in Android Software Development Kit. This application created for the Android operating system can be used in smart mobile phones for sending any image in a secrete manner by hiding it in another larger image.
Assessing the Influence of Political Parties on Public Opinion: The Challenge from Pretreatment Effects

Despite generations of research, political scientists have trouble pinpointing the influence of political parties on public opinion. Recently, scholars have made headway in exploring whether parties in fact shape policy preferences by relying on experimental designs. Yet, the evidence from this work is mixed. I argue that the typical experiment faces a design problem that likely minimizes the extent to which parties apparently matter. Because parties have policy reputations, experimental participants may already know from real-world exposure to political debate where the parties stand before they are told in the experiment—they are “pretreated. ” This study investigates how real-world political context interferes with party cue stimulus in experiments. In two experiments I show that two types of “pretreatment” from outside the experiment—exposure-based and reputation-based—dramatically moderate the effects of party cues in experiments. Moreover, the politically aware participants—who are most likely to have been pretreated before entering the experiment—are the most sensitive to this interference from real-world context. Paradoxically, experimenters are most likely to find no effect of parties at the very time that their influence is strongest outside the experiment. These findings emphasize the importance of keeping real-world context in mind when designing and analyzing experiments on political communication effects and might help reconcile disparate results of previous party cue experiments.
A ‘ MICROFLUIDIC PINBALL ’ FOR CONTINUOUS GENERATION OF LAYER-BY-LAYER POLYELECTROLYTE MICROCAPSULES

We present a novel approach for Layer-by-Layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte deposition in a “microfluidic pinball” device. Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) were coated on oil droplets by guiding them through parallel laminar streams of alternatively charged polyelectrolytes. Conventional LbL process is a time consuming and laborious process [1]. Past microfluidics based LbL approaches add operational and interfacial complexities with each deposited layer. Our microfluidic pinball approach utilizes a row of micropillars within a microfluidic channel to guide droplets while maintaining a fixed number of interface components. Uniform sized droplets were generated and six layers of PEMs were deposited, more than any existing technology [2-4].
Automatic System Level Test a Fault Location for Large Digital Systems

A system for automatic test generation and fault location, FLT-700, is described in this paper. It can treat large digital systems with 100K blocks (logic gates) or more. This is realized by utilizing Scan-Path concept, automatic partitioning and test generation techniques and automatic fault location technique. Serviceability for large computer systems can, therefore, be improved and easy maintenance realized.
FORTHCOMING IN OXFORD HANDBOOK ON INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST ECONOMICS

Standards are all around us. Screws fit into nuts thanks to standards. There are standards for weights and measures, professional certifications, time zones, money, wireless communications, plumbing fixtures, electrical components and green buildings to name just a few of the very many categories of economic activity impacted by standards. Despite the vast number of standards that impact commerce and daily life, standards often impress by their absence. Fire engines responding to the 1991 Oakland firestorm carried hoses that were incompatible with the local fire hydrants (Seek and Evans, 2004). The charger that refreshes my cell phone is unlikely to work on yours, my word processor may not be fully compatible with your word processor (or with an earlier version of my own word processor), and if we travel abroad we should bring adapter plugs – lots of them.
The chemokine SDF‐lα triggers CXCR4 receptor dimerization and activates the JAK/STAT pathway

The chemokine stromal cell‐derived factor (SDF‐1α), the ligand for the CXCR4 receptor, induces a wide variety of effects that include calcium mobilization, chemotactic responses, bone marrow myelopoiesis, neuronal patterning, and prevention of HIV‐1 infection. Nonetheless, little is known of the biochemical pathways required to achieve this variety of responses triggered after receptor—chemokine interaction. We developed a set of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the CXCR4 receptor and used them to identify the signaling pathway activated after SDF‐1α binding in human T cell lines. Here we demonstrate that SDF‐1α activation promotes the physical association of Gαi with the CXCR4. Furthermore, within seconds of SDF‐1α activation, the CXCR4 receptor becomes tyrosine phosphorylated through the activation and association with the receptor of JAK2 and JAK3 kinases. After SDF‐1α binding, JAK2 and JAK3 associate with CXCR4 and are activated, probably by transphosphorylation, in a Gαi‐independent manner. This activation enables the recruitment and tyrosine phosphorylation of several members of the STAT family of transcription factors. Finally, we have also observed SDF‐1α‐induced activation and association of the tyrosine phosphatase Shpl with the CXCR4 in a Gαi‐dependent manner. As occurs with the cytokine receptors in response to cytokines, the CXCR4 undergoes receptor dimerization after SDF‐1α binding and is a critical step in triggering biological responses. We present compelling evidence that the chemokines signal through mechanisms similar to those activated by cytokines. —Vila‐Coro, A. J., Rodríguez‐Frade, J. M. , Martín de Ana, A. , Moreno‐Ortíz, M. C. , Martínez‐A. , C. , Mellado, M. The chemokine SDF‐1 α triggers CXCR4 receptor dimerization and activates the JAK/STAT pathway. FASEB J. 13, 1699–1710 (1999)
Model-Based Audio Source Separation

Most audio signals are mixtures of several audio sources which are active simultaneously. Audio source separation is the problem of recovering each source signal from a given mixture signal. Historically, audio source separation systems relied on beamforming algorithms, which do not require any prior knowledge about the source signals and can be applied whenever the mixture is recorded from a set of microphones with known relative positions. Their performance is often very good when the number of microphones is large, but it decreases quickly when the number of microphones is small. An alternative approach is to rely on models of the source signals to make better use of the available information. Existing models rely on some form of independence of the sources along with other assumptions. This report provides a tutorial review of model-based audio source separation algorithms, focusing on situations where the number of mixture channels is limited and possibly smaller than the number of sources. We highlight the exact assumptions made by each algorithm and discuss their validity and limitations for real-world audio signals. To this aim, approaches relating to different historical viewpoints are interpreted within a general statistical framework. We do not discuss implementation issues, but provide bibliographical and software references for more details.