Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deficient Collagen-Induced Activation in the Newborn Platelet

ABSTRACT: We have investigated the impaired secretion response of neonatal platelets. We compared the response of washed neonatal and adult platelets to thrombin and collagen, and to specific activators of calcium flux (inositol trisphosphate) and protein kinase C activation (oleoylacetyl glycerol). Neonatal platelets show no impairment of aggregation, secretion of [14 C]serotonin or phosphorylation of specific intracellular proteins in response to thrombin, inositol trisphosphate, or oleoyl-acetyl glycerol. However, neonatal platelets have a markedly decreased response to collagen. To further evaluate this deficient response, we examined specific aspects of the collagen activation pathway. Collagen-platelet interaction as measured by adhesion of platelets to collagen-coated dishes showed no difference in adhesion of neonatal platelets compared to adult controls (20.1 ±11.6 versus 18.6 ± 9.3%). The presence of GPIa/Ila, a Mg2+-dependent collagen receptor, was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of binding of fluorescein-tagged monoclonal antibody, 6F1 (directed against GPIa/IIa). There was no difference either in the percent of platelets that bound antibody (80 versus 81%) or in the mean fluorescence intensity of the adult and neonatal samples. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was decreased in neonatal platelets in response to collagen but normal in response to thrombin. Neonatal platelets released more arachidonic acid than adult platelets in response to thrombin (29.5 ± 3.2 versus 19.6 ± 1.8%) but less than adult platelets in response to 10 μg/mL collagen (3.2 ± 1.1 versus 9.3 ± 3.0%). Thromboxane B2 production was also decreased in response to collagen (52.7 ± 12.6 versus 101.4 ± 18.7 ng/mL). These results suggest that the deficient collagen response in neonatal platelets may lie in transduction of the collagen signal to phospholipases A2and C.
TET2 promoter methylation in low-grade diffuse gliomas lacking IDH1/2 mutations

Background Miscoding mutations of the TET2 gene, which encodes the α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzyme that catalyses the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, thus producing DNA demethylation, have been detected in 10–25% of acute myeloid leukaemias lacking IDH1/2 mutations. Most low-grade diffuse gliomas carry IDH1/2 mutations (>85%), but molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in those lacking IDH1/2 mutations remain to be elucidated. Methods Miscoding mutations and promoter methylation of the TET2 gene were screened for in 29 low-grade diffuse gliomas lacking IDH1/2 mutations. Results Single-strand conformational polymorphism followed by direct sequencing showed the absence of miscoding mutations in TET2. Methylation-specific PCR revealed methylation of the TET2 promoter in 5 of 35 cases (14%). In contrast, none of 38 low-grade diffuse gliomas with IDH1/2 mutations had TET2 promoter methylation (p=0.0216). Conclusion Results suggest that TET2 promoter methylation, but not TET2 mutation, may be an alternative mechanism of pathogenesis in a small fraction of low-grade diffuse gliomas lacking IDH1/2 mutations.
Accounts Receivable Management Policy: Theory and Evidence

This paper develops and tests hypotheses that explain the choice of accounts receivable management policies. The tests focus on both cross-sectional explanations of policy-choice determinants, as well as incentives to establish captives. The authors find size, concentration, and credit standing of the firm's traded debt and commercial paper are each important in explaining the use of factoring, accounts receivable secured debt, captive finance subsidiaries, and general corporate credit. They also offer evidence that captive formation allows more flexible financial contracting. However, the authors find no evidence that captive formation expropriates bondholder wealth. Copyright 1992 by American Finance Association.
A comment on predicting continuous positive airway pressure from a modified split-night protocol in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

To the Editor I read with interest “Predicting Continuous Positive Airway pressure from A Modified Split-Night Protocol in Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apneahypnea Syndrome” (1). For those individuals with an Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) from 5 events per hour to moderate OSAHS, whether or not the presented model helps is an issue to be clarified. Since the model is said to be helpful for those from moderate to severe OSAHS, it can also be argued that subjects with complaints of poor sleep and mild OSAHS require a diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) in order to explain their clinical symptoms (2-5). BMI and neck circumference have been the variables that have most often been shown to predict OSAHS and therefore it is not surprising that BMI is used in the presented equation. Furthermore, since the variable of desaturation index (DI) is incorporated in the equation, it is worthwhile to mention the difference between 1999 and 2007 two different American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. The difference between AASM’s 1999 and 2007 criteria in AHI follows (6, 7). For example, the recommended hypopnea definition of 2007 has to meet the following criteria: 1) The nasal pressure signal excursions drop by 30% of baseline. 2) The duration of this drop occurs for a period lasting 10 seconds. 3) There is a 4% desaturation for pre-event baseline. 4) At least 90% of the event’s duration must meet the amplitude reduction of the criteria for hypopnea. The aforementioned definition of AASM’s 2007 criteria is somehow different from that of AASM’s 1999 criteria. If the AASM 2007 criteria are used rather than the 1999 criteria, it would result in the deletion of some hypopnea cases in the classification. Such a consideration in the aforementioned difference is applicable to the model reported in that article. Next, it was noticed that visceral fat accumulation of obese and overweight patients should be considered. The secondary increase of the negative intrathoracic pressure by respiratory efforts may play a role in the pathophysiology of sleep disordered breathing. The standard PSG used in most sleep studies does not include the measurement of esophageal pressure (Pes), which represents the intrathoracic pressure. Hence, the upper airway resistance syndrome is often overlooked because the severity of OSA has already been ‘evaluated’ by the AHI. It appears to be important to know whether or not the model introduced in that article can shed some light on the upper airway resistance syndrome. Finally, the literature has shown that the total sleep time (TST) is not very different in OSA patients and normal subjects. Hence, the exclusion of TST from the equation reported is reasonable.
The Public Service Bargain in the United Kingdom: The Whitehall Model in Decline?

Three decades of public sector reform have altered politico/administrative relations in the UK. This article looks into the changing relationships between senior civil servants and their ministers in British central administration. Using the concept of the public service bargain (PBS), three dimensions of this relationship are investigated: rewards, competencies and loyalty/responsibility. The main findings of the research point towards an emerging ‘hybrid’ public service bargain, instead of a full blown ‘managerial’ bargain, as much of the current literature suggests. The article concludes with some future prospects for the public service bargain in the United Kingdom.
Intelligent enterprise, intelligent careers

Executive Overview While the new paradigm of the “intelligent enterprise” has captivated the imagination of managers and management scholars alike, few have considered its impact on people's careers.1 Thus, as a point of departure, we take up that challenge. By exploring the competency-based, learning-centered view of the intelligent enterprise, we suggest its complement, the “intelligent career. ” The intelligent career involves the development of “knowing why. ” “knowing how. ” and “knowing whom” competencies, and, as we will show, promotes a new set of principles to underlie intelligent enterprise employment arrangements. Finally, we suggest how career actors, managers, and human resource professionals can rethink popular employment practices and prepare for the new career world.
Socially Responsible Processes of Small Family Business Owners: Exploratory Evidence from the National Family Business Survey

The purpose of this exploratory study is to ascertain the impact of family, business, and community factors on the socially responsible processes of small family businesses, and investigate the influence of financial success and attitudes toward community on these processes. The research is grounded in the Sustainable Family Business Theory, which has been enhanced to include the interactive and collaborative action, both economically and socially, of family businesses and their communities. Data are from the National Family Business Survey, 2000 panel. The processes studied include interpersonal transactions in the form of community leadership and holding an elected or appointed office, and resource transactions in the form of providing financial or technical assistance in community development, and providing donations to local programs. Models assessed the probability and intensity of assistance provided by family businesses. The findings indicate that the social and economic climate of the community may contribute to the performance of responsible actions by businesses because human, social and financial capital resources from both the family and the business can be used to solve problems in the community. The most robust result was that individuals with very positive attitudes about their local communities were more likely to serve in leadership positions and make financial and technical contributions to the community. Business owners in economically vulnerable communities were willing to assume more responsibility to fill leadership positions in the community and make substantial contributions of financial and technical assistance than those in less vulnerable communities. Policymakers must recognize the many contributions of family businesses and forge rural developmentpolicies that not only help sustain existing businesses and fuel the engine of economic growth, but encourage human capital development, and, in turn, enhance the contributions of the family and the business to their community.
Absenteeism and Employee Sharing: An Empirical Analysis Based on French Panel Data, 1981–1991

The authors investigate the effects on absenteeism of two types of employee sharing plans—profit-sharing and employee share ownership—in 127 French firms over the years 1981–91. Both types of plan were associated with statistically significant reductions in absenteeism. Most effective was the presence of a share ownership plan by itself (not in combination with profit-sharing), which was associated with a reduction in employee absence of approximately 14%. The presence of both plans together reduced absence by about 11%, and the presence of only a profit-sharing plan reduced absence by about 7%. Among firms in which both types of plan were present, a given sharing plan reduced absence more effectively when it was introduced second than when it was introduced first; in fact, where employee share ownership already existed, the introduction of profit-sharing actually increased absence slightly.
Cancer progression: The ultimate challenge

I present a new hypothesis for cancer progression, based on observations with experimental tumors and on our growing understanding of the regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells. The experimental observations demonstrate that progression has a stochastic course and is associated with profound perturbations of cell differentiation. The hypothesis proposes that an initial event (such as the activation of an oncogene) alters the state of the regulatory network that controls the expression of cellular genes, directing it to evolve in a direction not consonant with the developmental program of the genome. Possible consequences of this epigenetic hypothesis for cancer research are discussed.
Does REM sleep contribute to subjective wake time in primary insomnia? A comparison of polysomnographic and subjective sleep in 100 patients

Primary insomnia (PI) is characterized by low subjective sleep quality which cannot always be verified using polysomnography (PSG). To shed light on this discrepancy, subjective estimates of sleep and PSG variables were compared in patients with PI and good sleeper controls (GSC). 100 patients with PI (age: 42.57 ± 12.50 years, medication free for at least 14 days) and 100 GSC (41.12 ± 13.99 years) with a sex distribution of 46 men and 54 women in each group were included. Both PSG and questionnaire variables showed clear impairments of sleep quality in PI compared with GSC. The arousal index within total sleep time was increased, which was mainly because of a strong increase within rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Subjectively, more PI than GSC subjects estimated wake times longer than obtained from PSG. Linear modeling analysis of subjective wake time in terms of PSG parameters revealed that in addition to PSG defined wake time, REM sleep time contributed significantly to subjective wake time. This REM sleep contribution was larger for PI than for GSC subjects. The findings suggest that REM sleep‐related processes might contribute to subjectively disturbed sleep and the perception of waking time in patients with PI.
Social environment and industrial clusters: the effects on public investment distribution

Using balance sheet data from a sample of 6,996 public firms in the manufacturing industry, we analyse the distribution of public investments in Iran at a very detailed geographical level, i.e., the provincial level, a region which comprises an urban area and the limited geographical area surrounding it. In this paper, we test the impact that unplanned economies and social capital have on the distribution of public investments. While the findings regarding the social variables are mixed, the important role played by unplanned economies is confirmed. Our analysis shows that investments by people are attracted by those areas that combine industrial cluster characteristics with an unplanned economy.
Towards a History of the Junk Bond Market, 1910-1955

We present a new monthly index of the yield on junk (high yield) bonds from 1910-1955. We then use the index to reexamine some of the main debates about the financial history of the interwar years. A close look at junk bond yields: (1) strengthens the view that the decline in lending standards in the late 1920s was modest at best: (2) casts doubt on the view that the banking crisis that began in 1930 disrupted financial markets because banks liquidated their holdings of risky bonds; (3) strengthens the view that the cost of capital rose substantially in the early 1930s and remained high for the rest of the decade; (4) casts doubt on the view that financial markets entered a liquidity trap in the second half of the 1930s; and (5) strengthens the case for believing that junk bond yields contain some information useful for making economic forecasts.
Building Transnational Civil Liberties: Transgovernmental Entrepreneurs and the European Data Privacy Directive

Democratic nations have long struggled to set the proper balance between individual freedom and government control. The rise of digital communications networks, market integration, and international terrorism has transformed many national civil liberties issues into important international debates. The European Union was among the first jurisdictions to manage these new transnational civil liberties with the adoption of a data privacy directive in 1995. The directive substantially expanded privacy protection within Europe and had far-reaching consequences internationally. While international relations scholars have paid considerable attention to the global ramifications of these rules, research has not yet explained the origins of the European data privacy directive. Given the resistance from the European Commission, powerful member states, and industry to their introduction, the adoption of supranational rules presents a striking empirical puzzle. This article conducts a structured evaluation of conventional approaches to European integration—liberal intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism—against the historical record and uncovers an alternative driver: transgovernmental actors. These transgovernmental actors are endowed with power resources—expertise, delegated political authority, and network ties—that they employ to promote their regional policy goals. This article uses the historical narrative of the data privacy directive to explain the origins of a critical piece of international civil liberties legislation and to advance a theoretical discussion about the role of transgovernmental actors as policy entrepreneurs within the multilevel structure of the European Union.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Philadelphia, 28–31 August 2003. I would like to thank David Bach, Tim Büthe, Burkard Eberlein, Pat Egan, Henry Farrell, Orfeo Fioretos, Jane Gingrich, Virginia Haufler, Jonah Levy, Kate McNamara, Sophie Meunier, Craig Pollack, Mark Pollack, Elliot Posner, Kathryn Sikkink, Wolfgang Streeck, Steve Weber, Nick Ziegler, and John Zysman for extensive comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Funding for this research was provided by the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy and the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, Germany.
Building a personal brand through social networking

Purpose – The “digital divide” between the “haves” and the “have nots” in the developed world is now less about access to the web than it is about understanding how to actively participate in the networked society. The paper shows how people with the skills, time and confidence to navigate and manage the online chaos will gain access to new career opportunities, find audiences for their work and enrich the lives of others. Those without such initiative risk being marginalized or left behind.Design – This work draws upon the results of an ongoing research project which is investigating the use of new technologies by entrepreneurs and small businesses in the South East of England.Findings – The paper demonstrates how various online services such as blogging and social networking can be harnessed to develop and enhance a personal brand.Practical implications – Finding a job and managing career progression increasingly involves understanding how today's networks work and how to deploy them effectively to buil.
Gender differences in response of hippocampus to chronic glucocorticoid stress: Role of glutamate receptors

Glucocorticoids (GC) play critical roles in the pathophysiological reactions to environmental stress. In brain, morphological changes were examined in hippocampal CA3 neurons with 2 weeks of chronic elevation of GC in male and female mice. Molecular correlates and underlying mechanisms paralleling these morphologic changes in hippocampus were investigated. Although the hippocampal neurons in the CA3 area in male mice atrophy with chronically elevated GC, female mice show minimal morphological changes with comparable GC regimens. These sexual morphological differences correlate with differences in the postsynaptic dense protein (PSD95) as well as the spectrum of glutamate receptors induced by GC treatment in male and female mice, including NMDA, AMPA, and KA receptors. These findings suggest that synaptic receptor composition is adapted to the unique physiological requirements of males and females and illuminate underlying mechanisms of GC/stress responses in the brain. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Analysis of Public- and Private-Sector Wages Allowing for Endogenous Choices of Both Government and Union Status

A general selection model is estimated in which workers select across four labor markets-private/nonunion, private/union, public/nonunion, and public/union. Evidence is found of positive selection bias in the private/nonunion sector and of negative selection bias in the public/union sector. Union wage differentials in the public and private sectors as well as public/private wage differentials are then calculated. Two different types of wage differentials are contrasted. We discuss when it is appropriate to use each type of differential.
DESIS (DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer for the ISS-MUSES platform)

Over the past 20 years, the DLR Institute of Optical Sensor Systems has been responsible for a variety of multi and hyperspectral instruments. This responsibility has included the design, manufacturing, calibration, verification and in orbit validation. In some programs the institute also participates at the subcomponent level, such as the VNIR-FPA (Boremann, 2001) on EnMAP (Janesick, 2001). Heritage missions and instruments from the institute also include MKS on IK21, MOS on MIR, MOS on IRS, MeRTIS on Bepi Colombo and Sentinel 4/5. A forthcoming instrument from the institute will be DESIS - the DLR Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer. DESIS will be the first instrument to be installed on ISS attached to the MUSES platform, which provides power, data-flow, and inertial pointing stabilization for up to four instruments. DESIS is a hyperspectral instrument with additional steering capability. The spectral sensitivity of DESIS will be optimized for the range of 400 nm-1000 nm based on an Offner spectrograph design and 235 equi-distant spectral bands. The scientific goals of the mission are to develop standard hyperspectral applications and an operational Earth-sensing capability in the VNIR and to use the BRDF as additional information source to proof the current atmospheric correction calculations (ISO/DTS 19159-1, 2014). The GSD of the DESIS instrument will be 30 m when aboard ISS at a 400 km orbital altitude (Jahn and Reulke, 2012). The paper will give an overview over the MUSES platform and the DESIS design in detail and will show the advantage by using the BRDF.
A THEORY OF RETAIL PRICING

After surveying existing models of retailing, this paper concentrates on the idea that the shop saves its customers costs by assembling goods in one p lace. This introduces an essential nonconvexity and importantly affec ts the conditions under which shops compete with each other and the c onstraints on their price setting. Under the admittedly unrealistic a ssumption of full buyer information, a theory of retail pricing is de veloped. Copyright 1988 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
The Optimal Assignment of Prerogatives to Different Levels of Government in the EU

In the search for an optimal institutional design in the European Union, efficiency criteria for the allocation of prerogatives to different levels of government are greatly needed. The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework for the optimal allocation of prerogatives by stressing the role of economic convergence in allowing for efficient centralization of policies. Harmonization of policies can be harmful when local economies are diverging too much. However, citizens or governments may agree through deliberation on the appropriateness of making their economies converge in order to be able to implement an efficient common policy that internalizes externalities.
Empirical Properties of the Black Market Zloty-Dollar Exchange Rate, 1955-1990

This paper tests the properties of the zloty-dollar exchange rate for the possible presence of unknown non-linearities. It concludes that there is strong evidence for the presence of an underlying non-linear process which is possibly chaotic. A non-linear model which allows for discrete switching between regimes seems to capture most of the non-linear behaviour. Copyright @ 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved.