Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-level transgene expression by homologous recombination-mediated gene transfer

Gene transfer and expression in eukaryotes is often limited by a number of stably maintained gene copies and by epigenetic silencing effects. Silencing may be limited by the use of epigenetic regulatory sequences such as matrix attachment regions (MAR). Here, we show that successive transfections of MAR-containing vectors allow a synergistic increase of transgene expression. This finding is partly explained by an increased entry into the cell nuclei and genomic integration of the DNA, an effect that requires both the MAR element and iterative transfections. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis often showed single integration events, indicating that DNAs introduced in successive transfections could recombine. High expression was also linked to the cell division cycle, so that nuclear transport of the DNA occurs when homologous recombination is most active. Use of cells deficient in either non-homologous end-joining or homologous recombination suggested that efficient integration and expression may require homologous recombination-based genomic integration of MAR-containing plasmids and the lack of epigenetic silencing events associated with tandem gene copies. We conclude that MAR elements may promote homologous recombination, and that cells and vectors can be engineered to take advantage of this property to mediate highly efficient gene transfer and expression.
Hydrological Cycles Change in the Yellow River Basin during the Last Half of the Twentieth Century

Abstract A distributed biosphere hydrological (DBH) model system was used to explore the internal relations among the climate system, human society, and the hydrological system in the Yellow River basin, and to interpret possible mechanisms for observed changes in Yellow River streamflow from 1960 to 2000. Several scenarios were evaluated to elucidate the hydrological response to climate system, land cover, and irrigation. The results show that climate change is the dominant cause of annual streamflow changes in the upper and middle reaches, but human activities dominate annual streamflow changes in the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. The annual river discharge at the mouth is affected by climate change and by human activities in nearly equal proportion. The linear component of climate change contributes to the observed annual streamflow decrease, but changes in the climate temporal pattern have a larger impact on annual river discharge than does the linear component of climate change. Low flow i.
A multi-scale model for simulating liquid-hair interactions

The diverse interactions between hair and liquid are complex and span multiple length scales, yet are central to the appearance of humans and animals in many situations. We therefore propose a novel multi-component simulation framework that treats many of the key physical mechanisms governing the dynamics of wet hair. The foundations of our approach are a discrete rod model for hair and a particle-in-cell model for fluids. To treat the thin layer of liquid that clings to the hair, we augment each hair strand with a height field representation. Our contribution is to develop the necessary physical and numerical models to evolve this new system and the interactions among its components. We develop a new reduced-dimensional liquid model to solve the motion of the liquid along the length of each hair, while accounting for its moving reference frame and influence on the hair dynamics. We derive a faithful model for surface tension-induced cohesion effects between adjacent hairs, based on the geometry of the liquid bridges that connect them. We adopt an empirically-validated drag model to treat the effects of coarse-scale interactions between hair and surrounding fluid, and propose new volume-conserving dripping and absorption strategies to transfer liquid between the reduced and particle-in-cell liquid representations. The synthesis of these techniques yields an effective wet hair simulator, which we use to animate hair flipping, an animal shaking itself dry, a spinning car wash roller brush dunked in liquid, and intricate hair coalescence effects, among several additional scenarios.
STRATIGRAPHY AND METAMORPHISM IN A PART OF THE NORTHERN BLACK HILLS AND THE HOMESTAKE MINE, LEAD, SOUTH DAKOTA

The pre-Cambrian rocks of the northern Black Hills which have been mapped and studied by the staff of the Homestake Mining Company comprise sedimentary formations with a total stratigraphic thickness of about 20,000 feet. The oldest formations, the Poorman and Homestake, are dominantly ankeritic carbonate and iron-magnesium carbonate respectively. The younger formations, the Ellison, Northwestern, Grizzly, and Flag Rock, are dominantly argillaceous rocks with some quartzites and other rock types. Pre-Cambrian intrusive rocks, originally gabbroic, cut the pre-Cambrian sedimentary rocks; and the whole succession is overlain unconformably by the Cambrian Deadwood formation, and everything is cut by Tertiary intrusive rocks. Regional metamorphism of pre-Cambrian age, presumably related to an undisclosed granitic intrusion somewhere northeast of the district, has developed metamorphic zones of the Scottish Highlands types. Three metamorphic zones are developed in the argillaceous rocks: a biotite zone; a garnet zone; and a staurolite zone. The iron-magnesium carbonate, sideroplesite, the essential mineral of the Homestake formation, is converted to the iron-magnesium silicate, cummingtonite, during this metamorphism. Some of the mineralogic changes that took place during this regional metamorphism suggest that there were changes in the bulk composition of the rocks whereby potash migrated outward from zones of higher metamorphic grade ahead of the advancing isothermal surfaces.
High‐resolution proton metabolic mapping of the human brain at 7 T using free induction decay rosette spectroscopic imaging

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provides information about the spatial distribution of metabolites in the brain. These metabolite maps can be valuable in diagnosing central nervous system pathology. However, MRSI generally suffers from a long acquisition time, poor spatial resolution, and a low metabolite signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Ultrahigh field strengths (≥ 7 T) can benefit MRSI with an improved SNR and allow high‐resolution metabolic mapping. Non‐Cartesian spatial‐spectral encoding techniques, such as rosette spectroscopic imaging, can efficiently sample spatial and temporal domains, which significantly reduces the imaging time and enables high‐resolution metabolic mapping in a clinically relevant scan time. In the current study, high‐resolution (in‐plane resolution of 2 × 2 mm2) mapping of proton (1H) metabolites in the human brain at 7 T, is demonstrated. Five healthy subjects participated in the study. Using a time‐efficient rosette trajectory and short TR/TE free induction decay MRSI, high‐resolution maps of 1H metabolites were obtained in a clinically relevant imaging time (6 min). Suppression of the water signal was achieved with an optimized water suppression enhanced through T1 effects approach and lipid removal was performed using L2‐regularization in the postprocessing. Spatial distributions of N‐acetyl‐aspartate, total choline, creatine, N‐acetyl‐aspartyl glutamate, myo‐inositol, and glutamate were generated with Cramer–Rao lower bounds of less than 20%.
Evidence from GPS measurements for contemporary interplate coupling on the southern Hikurangi subduction thrust and for partitioning of strain in the upper plate

The spatial extent and strength of contemporary coupling between the Pacific and Australian plates on the Hikurangi subduction interface beneath the Wellington region of New Zealand are not well known. Consequently, the potential for the plate interface to produce great thrust earthquakes, or to load the major Wellington and Wairarapa faults in the overlying plate, is also unknown. To address these issues, a GPS network across the southern North Island has been partially or wholly surveyed six times between 1992 and 1999 and yields well-determined relative velocities between 82 points. The relative velocity of the east coast with respect to the west coast across the 80-km width of the southern end of the North Island is ∼14 mm yr -1 at an azimuth of 258°. This is about one third of, and closely parallel to, the NUVEL-1A relative velocity of the Pacific with respect to the Australian Plate (39.4 mm yr -1 at 261°). Strain rate solutions indicate partitioning of contemporary strain, with a 35° change in principal axis orientations across the network. Using elastic dislocation theory, an inversion of the observed point velocities and their full variance-covariance matrix determines the variation with depth of contemporary coupling at the subduction interface. If uniform coupling is assumed, then 100% coupling occurs from very shallow depths down to ∼29 ± 1 km. However, if variable coupling is assumed, it reaches 100% at depths between 16 and 24 km. At greater depths, there is a transition zone at least 20 km wide, down to a depth of at least 40 km, over which contemporary coupling diminishes to zero. These depth ranges correlate moderately well with low-angle thrust focal mechanisms recently obtained by other workers and indicate that the downdip width of the interface, over which a great thrust earthquake could occur, exceeds 100 km. Elastic dislocation models also explain the observed partitioning of strain, with Coulomb stress calculations indicating that the Wairarapa fault is being loaded at seismogenic depths.
Research scanning polarimeter and airborne usage for remote sensing of aerosols

Accurate multi-spectral, multi-angle polarimetric measurements are a key remote sensing tool for the determination of the burden and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols and, as an adjunct, for the correction of these atmospheric effects in spectroradiometric remote sensing applications. This paper describes the performance of the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), provides examples of using the RSP for aerosol remote sensing, and assesses the potential synergy between spectroradiometric and polarimetric measurements.
Seismic images of the Grenville Orogen in Ontario

In 1990, Lithoprobe acquired 240 km of seismic-reflection data across parts of the Central Gneiss Belt (CGB) and the Central Metasedimentary Belt (CMB) within the western Grenville Province of southern Ontario. Interpretation of these data in conjunction with geological constraints provided by bedrock mapping supports a model of northwest-directed thrusting and crustal shortening for the Grenville Orogen. Within the CGB, the Parry Sound shear zone is imaged as a 3 km wide zone of reflections dipping southeastward at 20–25° and soling at depths < 7 km in the north and < 3 km in the south beneath Parry Sound domain. Parry Sound domain and the immediately adjacent domains are underlain by a gently southeast-dipping reflective zone at 4.5–12.0 km depth interpreted as a detachment surface, likely associated with the central Britt shear zone. This zone may have accommodated northwesterly transport of Parry Sound, southern Britt, and northwestern Rosseau domains over Britt domain during Grenvillian thrusting.Wit.
How Does Shifting Pacific Ocean Warming Modulate on Tropical Cyclone Frequency over the South China Sea

AbstractThe different modulation of El Nino Modoki and canonical El Nino events on tropical cyclone (TC) frequency over the South China Sea (SCS) during boreal summer and fall for 1960–2009 is investigated. The bootstrap resampling method and two-sample permutation procedure are applied to simulate sampling distributions and conduct statistical tests, respectively. Results from the hypothesis testing indicate that the above-normal TC frequency over the SCS occurs during June–August (JJA) for the El Nino Modoki years, whereas the below-normal TC frequency is significant during September–November (SON) for the canonical El Nino years. The remarkably opposite modulations can be attributed to the different large-scale circulation anomalies, which are consistent with Matsuno–Gill-type responses to the tropical heating source/sink over the western North Pacific (WNP) and Maritime Continent for two kinds of Pacific Ocean warming events. In response to a broad-scale convection anomaly over the WNP during JJA for .
Long‐term features of drifting and standing non‐dipole fields as determined from Holocene palaeomagnetic secular variations

SUMMARY Geomagnetic field motions of Holocene secular variations are investigated using a separation method. The palaeomagnetic secular variations from Britain, North America and Australia have been subjected to maximum-entropy method analyses. Based on the results of spectral analyses, the secular variations are separated by band-pass filters into low-frequency components, generally including the period band 1800-3600 yr, and high-frequency components, generally including the period band 1000-1200 yr. There is an interval, from 4200 to 1700 yr BP, which shows clockwise rotational motions in the low-frequency components of all three sites. Westward drifting of geomagnetic fields may be globally dominant. Swinging or elliptical looping motions constrained to a certain direction were observed in the low-frequency components of the British data. The time duration for the persistence of the swinging motion constrained to a certain direction was 3500 years or so, which could be the lifetime of an oscillating stationary field. The duration of the transitional motion was 1000-1300 years, which may indicate the recurrence time of a stationary field.
Adsorption of line segments on a square lattice.

We study the deposition of line segments on a two-dimensional square lattice. The estimates for the coverage at jamming obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and by seventh-order time-series expansion are successfully compared. The nontrivial limit of adsorption of infinitely long segments is studied, and the lattice coverage is consistently obtained using these two approaches.
Determination of the unit hydrograph of a typical urban basin using genetic programming and artificial neural networks

An application of genetic programming (GP) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in hydrology is proposed, showing how these two techniques can work together to solve the problem of modelling the effect of rain on the runoff flow in a typical urban basin. The ability of GP to include the physical basis of a problem and even to analyse the results is discussed, and a case study is included as an example. We propose a solution to this problem by using an ANN for the prediction of the daily flow due to human activity of the citizens and the use of GP for the prediction of the flow rate resulting from the rain. Finally, it is shown that the methodology can be used to solve similar problems by combining both techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Inquiry to Enhance the Learning and Appreciation of Geography.

Abstract To meet national geography standards, instructional materials using issues-based inquiry are needed. This paper reports on national classroom trials of drafts of Geographic Inquiry into Global Issues (GIGI), a set of inquiry modules for secondary geography. The analysis focuses on three modules about environmental issues, tried by 480 students in 18 schools. Students made significant gains in learning the modules' cognitive and skills objectives, but they showed no change in interest toward studying geography or these environmental issues. Student comments about the modules underscored the necessity of connecting classroom materials about global issues more closely to local experiences. These findings support current models in environmental education. Reflecting this analysis, the published modules now include activities emphasizing inquiry into local issues, to complement the study of global environmental problems. The improved GIGI materials can better meet the goals of both geography and envir.
Generalization of TOPMODEL for a power law transmissivity profile

Keywords: Hydrologie Reference HYDRAM-ARTICLE-1997-003doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9 3.0. CO;2-UView record in Web of Science Record created on 2005-10-11, modified on 2016-08-08
Análisis de la incorporación de una plataforma wiki a la docencia de la asignatura 'nuevas tecnologías de la información'

RESUMEN Este documento describe el estudio realizado con el fin de analizar y evaluar el uso de una plataforma basada en el paradigma “Wiki” como elemento de apoyo en el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos y como herramienta de utilidad en la docencia de una materia relacionada con las Nuevas Tecnologias de la Informacion y Comunicaciones (TIC). Ademas, este trabajo trata de obtener las metricas necesarias para establecer patrones de uso y comportamiento que permitan caracterizar la interaccion con la plataforma y puedan ayudar a describir la actitud de los alumnos a la hora de enfrentarse a la realizacion de tareas cooperativas que exijan coordinacion y organizacion de esfuerzos. ABSTRACT This paper describes the study carried out in order to analyze and evaluate the use of a wiki-based platform as a supporting element in the student learning process. The Wiki platform is also analyzed as a tool providing services in teaching of subjects related to New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Moreover, this work focuses on the necessary metrics to be obtained in order to establish use and behavioural patterns which allow to characterize the user-platform relationships and may lead to describe possible students’ attitudes when facing tasks demanding cooperative and collaborative efforts.
The near‐surface information gap for time and depth imaging

The shallowest few hundred metres of the earth cannot be adequately imaged by conventional seismic when tuned for deeper targets. Adding independent measurements (such as uphole or shallow refraction surveys) reduces this information gap, but in some arid areas (such as Saudi Arabia) the near‐surface complexities are not well resolved, even in this way. The joint tomographic inversion of different wave types can contribute to reducing these ambiguities further, by complementing the different penetration ranges and propagation directions of reflected, refracted and diving waves. Here, we demonstrate the weakness of diving waves when used alone, and the value of complementing them by available reflected and refracted arrivals.
Mechanical behaviour of expansive soils after several drying and wetting cycles

This paper presents results from an experimental study performed on natural and compacted expansive soils in different loose and dense states using principally osmotic oedometers. The loose soils showed significant shrinkage, while the dense soils produced a swelling accumulation during the suction cycles. These cycles induced an equilibrium stage, which indicates an elastic behaviour of the samples under suction cycles. At the end of suction cycles, a loading/unloading test was performed on all samples at different constant suctions to define LC (loading collapse) yield curve as well as the newly defined SC (saturation curve) yield curve. Generally, the suction cycles for the looser soils approached the LC and SC yield curves while they became the same at the equilibrium state. For the denser soils producing the swelling strain accumulation, the unique LC and SC curves were activated together. Additionally, we found that at the equilibrium stage, both initially loose and dense samples presented the same mechanical parameters. In other words, the LC or SC yield curves superimposed for different initial states of the samples at the equilibrium stage. Moreover, these compression curves provided sufficient data to propose a simplified model for the mechanical behaviour of the swelling soils at the equilibrium stage.
CO2 Emissions Determined by HadGEM2-ES to be Compatible with the Representative Concentration Pathway Scenarios and Their Extensions

AbstractThis paper presents the fossil fuel–derived CO2 emissions simulated by the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) to be compatible with four representative concentration pathways (RCPs) from 2006 to 2100. For three of the four RCPs, the analysis is extended to 2300. The compatible emissions compare well with those generated by integrated assessment models from which the RCPs were constructed. Historical compatible emissions are also presented, which closely match observation-based estimates from 1860 to 2005 (cumulatively 330 and 319 GtC, respectively). Simulated land and ocean carbon uptake, which determines the compatible emissions, is examined, with an emphasis on changes in vegetation carbon. In addition, historical land and ocean carbon uptake is compared with observations. The influences of climate change and the carbon cycle on compatible emissions are investigated individually through two additional experiments in which either aspect is decoupled fro.
A field study of thermal environments and comfort in office buildings

This paper presents the initial findings of ASHRAE research project RP-462, a field study of environmental conditions and occupant comfort in ten office buildings in the San Francisco Bay region. We made a total of 2342 visits to 304 participants during two seasons, collecting a full set of physical measurements and subjective responses at each visit. In this paper we describe the building environments and their conformity to the requirements of tire thermal standards, the distribution of thermal sensation responses, neutral and preferred temperatures, conditions of thermal acceptability, and gender and seasonal effects on comfort responses. A few of the results are as follows: 78.2% (winter) and 52.8% (summer) of the workstation measurements fell within the ASHRAE Standard 55-81 comfort zones; the higher summer comfort zone was judged as too warm based on several rating scales; neutral temperatures were 22.0°C (winter) and 22.6°C (summer), and preferred temperatures were 0.3-0.6°C cooler.
A measurement study of peer-to-peer applications

P2P applications for file-sharing and video streaming have become tremendously popular in recent years, and it is now accounting for a significant share of the total network traffic. As P2P applications nowadays tend to use arbitrary ports to camouflage their communications, traditional methods like port-based identification have become highly inaccurate. In this paper, we propose a measurement system to detect and measure the real-time P2P traffic more reliably. The measurement methodology is based on using application level signatures implemented by netfilter extension as well as packet classifier. We further present the results from a P2P traffic analysis at a campus network, which show that this P2P traffic measurement system can provide the performance and scalability required for practical applications.