Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Virtual network construction with K‐shortest path algorithm and optimization problems for robust physical networks

In network virtualization, it has been considered that virtual networks are constructed over a physical network where conventional data transmission services have been utilized. Here, virtual networks have to be constructed while keeping qualities of the conventional services. In this paper, we propose a new virtual network construction in order to construct many virtual networks while keeping the robustness of a physical network by using network resources effectively. The proposed method consists of three processes: K‐shortest path algorithm and Prim's minimum spanning tree algorithm, path splitting, and path migration. In the proposed method, at first, multiple topologies are designed by using the K‐shortest path algorithm and the Prim's MST algorithm according to the user's request. After the topology design is completed, an admission control with network robustness of the physical network is performed. Then, if one of the designed topologies can satisfy the construction conditions, a virtual network is constructed and provided with the user. Otherwise, the path splitting and path migration are performed. Here, the path splitting is utilized to design another topology of a virtual network and path migration is used to change the topologies of the virtual networks that have already been constructed. These processes are formulated as optimization problems and those are processed by solving the optimization problems. In numerical examples, we show that our proposed method can construct a higher number of virtual networks while keeping the robustness of a physical network by comparing with the conventional method where only the Kou–Markowsky–Berman algorithm is used. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling and precalculation of additional losses of inverter fed asynchronous induction machines of traction drives

The evaluation of additional losses of inverter fed asynchronous induction machines with design and operation is an important task for many years. On the other hand, asynchronous induction machines used with traction drives of rail transportation vehicles have different design strategies compared against commonly used standard machines. Since such machines have a very high utilization additionally, accurate modelling and precalculation of the additional losses caused by the inverter are an important task with both tender phase as well as electromagnetic and thermal initial design of these machines. Thus, the main components of these additional losses are discussed based on the spectrum of the non-sinusoidal voltages supplied by the inverter. An important viewpoint of modelling and precalculation presented herein is given to the comparison with detailed measurements from different already built machines.
Success rate and risk factors associated with mini-implants reinstalled in the maxilla.

OBJECTIVE To determine the difference in the success rate for two types of oral installed mini-implants (OMIs): one type of initially installed OMI and a new implant of the same type that is reinstalled. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects consisted of 58 patients (19 male, 39 female; mean age = 21.78 +/- 5.85 years) who had received at least one OMI (self-drilling type, conical shape with 2.0-mm upper diameter and 5-mm length) in the attached gingiva of the upper buccal posterior regions for maximum anchorage during en masse retraction. If an OMI failed, a new one was immediately installed in the same area after 4 to 6 weeks or in an adjacent area immediately. The total number of initially installed OMIs (II-OMI) was 109 and the total number of reinstalled OMIs (RI-OMI) was 34. Statistical analysis was performed using chi2 test, Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The success rate and mean duration were 75.2% and 10.0 months, respectively, for II-OMI and 66.7% and 6.4 months, respectively, for RI-OMI. Age, vertical skeletal pattern, and site and side of implantation were not related to the success rates of II-OMI and RI-OMI. Log-rank test showed that II-OMI in males and Class III malocclusions were more prone to failure. The relative risk of II-OMI failure in Class III malocclusions as opposed to Class I malocclusions was 5.36 (95% confidence interval, 2.008 to 14.31, P = .001). CONCLUSION The success rate of the II-OMI was not statistically different from that of the RI-OMI. Sex and ANB angle might be more important factors for better II-OMI results.
Recognize: A Social Norms Campaign to Reduce Rumor Spreading in a Junior High School

This article studied changes in rumor spreading and perceptions of peers’ rumor spreading among students atone public junior high school following a social norms marketing campaign. Results of the study show that perceptions of peer rumor spreading fell following the campaign, but self-reports of rumor spreading did not decrease. Results suggest that a social norms marketing campaign conducted by a professional school counselor and delivered to students in a junior’ high can reduce misperceptions of negative social behaviors.
Malapportionment Party Competition, and the Functional Distribution of Governmental Expenditures

Most students of American politics traditionally have argued that it is desirable that legislative apportionment systems conform as closely as possible to an ideal of numerical equality, and that it is desirable that major political parties actively compete for elective office. Admittedly this argument has been in large part only implicit, but, since most theoretical argument in political science has been implicit, this does not imply that apportionment or party competition have not been considered to be important by students of politics. Indeed several recent articles in professional journals have been published which seem to derive at least a portion of their appeal and raison d'être from a “demonstration” that students of politics have been guilty of the sin of credulity by holding these implicit beliefs. The tone of much of this work is aptly expressed by the title of a popularizing article by David Brady and Douglas Edmonds, “One Man, One Vote—So What? ” Brady and Edmonds—after some extensive, but, unfornately not very discriminating statistical computations—concluded “that the whole Pandora's box of evil consequences which supposedly result from malapportionment—from right-to-work laws to not spending enough on school children—really has little to do with malapportionment. ” Although somewhat more cautious in his approach, Thomas R. Dye reached the similar conclusion that “on the whole, the policy choices of malapportioned legislatures are not noticeably different from policy choices of well-apportioned legislatures. ”
Parents' and caregivers' perspectives on the Manitoba Dental Association's Free First Visit program.

OBJECTIVES The Free First Visit (FFV) program was implemented in 2010 to promote early preventive dental visits for children <36 months of age in Manitoba, Canada. The purpose was to understand parents' and caregivers' perspectives on the program. METHODS Three focus groups with 21 participants were conducted in Winnipeg, Canada using an interview guide in this qualitative study. RESULTS Most participants were aware of the FFV program and the appropriate age for a child's first visit. Almost all agreed with the recommendation to see a dentist by one year of age. Some reported that general dentists advised them to bring their child after three years of age. Participants appreciated that the program was free, and some noted that the program made them aware of the appropriate age for a first visit. About half of the participants had taken their child for a FFV. Reasons for not taking their child for a FFV included: nothing wrong with their child's teeth, they believed there was still time as their child was not three years old, they had government insurance, child's temperament, and feelings of apathy. There were mixed opinions regarding whether the program was helping those who needed it the most. CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants liked the FFV program and believed that it should continue. Parents would benefit from further education and encouragement to seek oral care for their child by age one. Some general dentists may need further training and skills to meet the recommendations for first dental visits.
The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History

Prologue: 1932 1: The Modernization of Fatherhood 2: The Historical Roots of Standard North American Fatherhood 3: Fatherhood and the Baby Doctors 4: Men and Infants 5: Fathercraft 6: Fatherhood and the Popular Press 7: "Dear Mr. Patri" 8: "Honor Thy Father" 9: Conclusion Acknowledgments Notes Index
Comparative Management Theory: Jungle, Zoo or Fossil Bed?

Earlier reviews of the state of comparative management theory are considered and summarized and lead to the following conclusions: the literature suffers from an excess of simple empirical reportage; theoretical development is weak in the middle ground and at higher levels; there is a bias away from ethnographic work; perspectives tend to be narrow and partial. Some progress is visible as a result of the unifying work of Hofstede but its contribution also entails new avenues of enquiry about the determinants and consequences of culture. Some middle-range theory building is now occurring in specific fields such as expatriation, leadership, and HRM techniques, but it remains tentative. Dilemmas stemming from altern ative frameworks of meaning and complex causation pose severe epistemological challenges and require new approaches to comparison. The economics-based positivist paradigm is seriously inadequate for such challenges, but dangerously imperialist. A new, more theoretically sophisticated, approach is advocated and outlined as a route for progress.
J. G. de Villiers and P. A. de Villiers, Language acquisition . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 1978. Pp. xii+312.

heavily on the overall shape of a word. In addition, Jeffrey and Samuels (1967) have shown that children trained, in experimental conditions, by a phonic method are more able to transfer their knowledge to the reading of new words than are children trained by a whole-word method. Smith rightly draws attention to the complexity of grapheme-phoneme correspondences in English. But, as so often, he overstates his case. He refers, scathingly, to the 166 rules that are needed to account for the letter-sound correspondences in some six thousand of the words most commonly read by children. But such rules are based on the simplest notion of a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds. It is more accurate and helpful to consider morphophonemic rules for the English writing system, since so often the spelling of a root morpheme is retained in derived words, despite pronunciation changes, e.g., photo, photography, where the vowel letters are retained in the derived word although the /au/ sounds in photo have been replaced by /a/ and /D/ in photography. Rather than referring to 'the fallacy of phonics' (51) and suggesting that the teacher who ensures that 'phonic skills are learned and used' is interfering unhelpfully in the child's learning (138), Smith could help teachers more by giving a clear account of morphophonemic rules and showing how they can be used in the classroom as Chomsky (1970), for example, has done. It must be said that this book has nothing to offer linguists. It could be used to provoke discussion amongst education students; it is not sound enough to be used as a handbook by the teachers of reading for whom it is intended.
Lymphatic spread among women with primary peritoneal carcinoma

Our knowledge regarding the pathologic lymphatic spread pattern of primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC) is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and the pathologic patterns of pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node metastases among women with PPC and those with papillary serous ovarian carcinoma (PSOC).
Design and implementation of a memory architecture in dsp for wireless communication

Digital signal processors (DSP) play an important role in signal processing, wireless communication and many other fields. With the improvement of DSP's computing performance, memory architecture became the neck of the whole DSP's efficiency. A new memory architecture which can be accessed by two computation slots, DMA controller, debug module and wishbone bus in parallel is presented in this paper. Our data memory capacity is 1MB and instruction memory capacity is 256KB. After synthesized, placed, and routed in a commercial 65nm low power process, the area of our data memory is about 8, 600, 600μm2, and the area of our instruction memory is about 2, 140, 000μm2. The delay result of our data memory is 1.65ns (SS), and the delay result of our instruction memory is 1.78ns (SS).
Individual music listening in workplace settings

Increasing access to listening technologies (MP3 players and digital file formats) and the internet has contributed to a new era of listening to music in offices, where many employees listen to music through computers and personal listening devices. While many studies in the past have examined the effects of researcher-selected music on work performance, no studies to date have explored office workers’ music-listening patterns, what they listen to and why. This article reports the findings of a survey that used a holistic approach to examine music-listening practices and experiences in office settings in the UK. Nearly three hundred (295) office employees provided quantitative and qualitative data on listening patterns and experience. Previous research has focused on positive mood and negative effects of distraction on task performance, but this study identified additional significant functions: inspiration, concentration, positive distraction, stress relief and managing personal space. Employees listened to music for a third of their working week, and reported listening to a wide variety of music styles and artists. Music helped them to both engage in and escape from work, and they often used music to seal themselves off from the office environment. Employees managed their listening practices so as not to disturb colleagues or appear unprofessional in front of clients. Managers and employees can benefit from recognizing the importance of employees being able to select their own music, and the multidimensionality of workplace music listening is also of interest to therapists, office designers and music technology developers.
Leveraging FOND Planning Technology to Solve Multi-Agent Planning Problems

Single-agent planning in a multi-agent environment is challenging because the actions of other agents can affect our ability to achieve a goal. From a given agent’s perspective, actions of others can be viewed as non-deterministic outcomes of that agent’s actions. While simple conceptually, this interpretation of planning in a multi-agent environment as non-deterministic planning is challenging due to the nondeterminism resulting from others’ actions, and because it is not clear how to compactly model the possible actions of others in the environment. In this paper, we cast the problem of planning in a multi-agent environment as one of FullyObservable Non-Deterministic (FOND) planning. We extend a non-deterministic planner to plan in a multi-agent setting, given the goals and possible actions of other agents. We use the other agents’ goals to reduce their set of possible actions to a set of plausible actions, allowing non-deterministic planning technology to solve a new class of planning problems in first-person multi-agent environments. We demonstrate our approach on new and existing multi-agent benchmarks, demonstrating that modelling the other agents’ goals reduces
"But I first... and then he kept picking" Narrative skill in Mandarin-speaking children with language impairment

This study investigates the narrative skill of school-aged children with language impairment in Taiwan. Twelve children, 6 children with language impairment (LI) and 6 children with typical language development (TLD), aged from 8;0 to 9;5 participated in this study. They were asked to tell three personally experienced stories and the longest one was selected and coded along four dimensions, i.e., narrative structure, conjunction, referential strategies, and discourse context. The revision of the Chinese Narrative Assessment Profile (NAP) was also used to score children’s narrative performance. Results show that the children with LI had more difficulties in producing clear, coherent narratives. In comparison with the stories narrated by children with TLD, the stories produced by children with LI exhibited fewer narrative components, evaluation devices, and connectives, but more ambiguous referencing information was evident in their narratives. The narrative profile of each child with LI, however, varied. Limitations of this study and suggestions for further research on narrative skill in children with LI were provided.
Impact of Alzheimer's-type dementia and information source on the assessment of depression

Assessment of depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complicated by uncertainty regarding the accuracy of information supplied by the patient and collateral informants. Agreement between these two sources in completing the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; M. Hamilton, 1960) was compared in patients with AD (n = 185) and two groups of nondemented outpatients: patients with Parkinson's disease (n = 57) and geriatric referrals (n = 54). The correlation between HRSD scores generated from structured interviews with patients and collateral sources was attenuated in AD (r =.29) in comparison with Parkinson's disease (r =.92) and geriatric outpatients (r =.85). Differences in scores between interview methods in AD reflected a generally low rate of symptom endorsement by patients. These findings highlight the potential insensitivity of patient report in AD and support the use of collateral informants as an alternative source of clinical information in persons with significant cognitive impairment
An Automated Decision System for Computer Adaptive Testing Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper proposes an approach to solve the triangle decision tree problem for computer adaptive testing (CAT) using genetic algorithms (GAs). In this approach, item response theory (IRT) parameters composed of discrimination, difficulty, and guess are firstly obtained and stored in an item bank. Then a fitness function, which is based on IRT parameters, of GAs for obtaining an optimal solution is set up. Finally, the GAs is applied to the parameters of the item bank so that an optimal decision tree is generated. Based on a six-level triangle-decision tree for examination items, the experimental results show that the optimal decision tree can be generated correctly when compared with the standard patterns.
Covariance matrix repairing in Gaussian based EDAs

Gaussian models are widely adopted in continuous Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs). In this paper, we analyze continuous EDAs and show that they don't always work because of computation error: covariance matrix of Gaussian model can be ill-posed and Gaussian based EDAs using full covariance matrix will fail under specific conditions. It is a universal problem that all existing Gaussian based EDAs using full covariance matrix suffer from. Through theoretical analysis with examples of simulated data and experiments, we show that the ill-posed covariance matrix strongly affects those EDAs. This paper proposes a Covariance Matrix Repairing (CMR) method to fix ill-posed covariance matrix. CMR significantly improves the robustness of EDAs. Even some EDA's performance that was previously thought inefficient can be improved surprisingly with the help of CMR. CMR can also guarantee those EDAs to be used with small scale of population (but still should be large enough to find the global optimum) to accelerate the convergence rate while maintaining the quality of solutions.
Reliability and validity of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) who participated in two clinical trials. METHODS A secondary analysis of data from two randomized clinical trials was performed. NEI VFQ-25 data were collected from 1134 of 1146 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization due to AMD with minimally classic or occult with no classic types and predominantly classic type. The NEI VFQ-25 was administered at baseline and months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12, and the SF-36 Health survey was administered at baseline and months 6 and 12. Visual acuity assessments were completed monthly throughout the studies. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were examined. RESULTS The average age was 77 years (SD = 7.5; range, 52-96) with 59% women. At baseline, internal consistency reliability was 0.96 for the NEI VFQ-25 total score and ranged from 0.62 (ocular pain) to 0.91 (near activities) for the subscales. NEI VFQ-25 total and subscale scores correlated significantly with SF-36 scores (P < 0.05), and total, near activities, distance activities, and dependency scores correlated significantly with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better (P < 0.0001) and worse seeing eye (P < 0.0001). Mean NEI VFQ-25 total and subscale scores, except for ocular pain and general health, varied by BCVA group (P < 0.001), with higher impairment scores seen in the lower visual acuity groups. CONCLUSIONS The NEI VFQ-25 demonstrated good reliability and construct validity as a measure of vision-related functioning outcomes in patients with AMD.
Mentoring Younger Faculty

Mentoring new faculty into vocations of teaching falls squarely on the shoulders of those entrusted with setting the course for the next generation of faculty. Often the role of new teacher development is assigned to senior faculty. In this essay the author provides an autobiographical account of experiences both as a mentor and as one who had been mentored. Carefully weaving threads of experience with pedagogical insight, the author crafts a tapestry that accentuates how mentors can play important roles in the maturation of newer faculty by attention to research and publication, teaching, and service. A list of recommendations pertaining to the beneficial aspects of mentoring for faculty and schools is provided.
A General Regression Methodology for ROC Curve Estimation

A method for applying generalized ordinal regression models to categorical rating data to estimate and analyze receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is presented. These models permit parsimonious adjustment of ROC curve parameters for relevant covariates through two regression equations that correspond to location and scale. Particular shapes of ROC curves are interpreted in relation to the kind of covariates included in the two regressions. The model is shown to be flexible because it is not restricted to the assumption of binormality that is commonly employed in smoothed ROC curve estimation, although the binormal model is one particular form of the more general model. The new method provides a mechanism for pinpointing the effect that interobserver variability has on the ROC curve. It also allows for the adjustment of ROC curves for temporal variation and case mix, and provides a way to assess the incremental diagnostic value of a test. The new methodology is recommended because it substantially improves the ability to assess diagnostic tests using ROC curves. Key words: ROC curves; ordinal regression; technology assessment; diagnostic tests. (Med Decis Making 8:204-215, 1988)