Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconsidering the Effects of Marital Disruption

This article identifies predivorce individual and family characteristics that explain a portion of the effect of parental separation on the long-term well-being of children. Using longitudinal data from the National Survey of Children (NSC), the authors discuss how much of the relationship between a separation and measures of adult well-being (including educational and economic attainment, patterns of family formation, delinquency, and psychological well-being) is due to selectivity of parents into more fragile marriages and to family conflict that often precedes the physical departure of a parent from the household. The results of the study indicate that divorce is associated with some outcomes, although much of its putative effect diminishes when predivorce factors are accounted for. The authors suggest that researchers give more careful consideration to the processes leading up to a separation as part of the divorce experience of children.
Some clinical problems in patients with airways obstruction.

T he physiologic approach to the clinical problem of airway obstruction is too often limited to laboratory measurements made on one or a few occasions, on an individual patient or upon a group of patients. The observations are then summarized by the unwary physician by labels, which have the implication of well recognized lung pathology, but for which in the individual in whom they are applied there is in fact little or no evidence. Thus, on the basis of apparent irreversible airway obstruction, the term chronic bronchitis may be applied when there is no history of cough or sputum and no longitudinal records of airway resistance measurements; on the basis of large lung volumes, emphysema is applied when the radiograph is incompatible; and on the basis of wheeziness and airflow obstruction, the term asthma is applied when, on the measurements available, there is no evidence of reversibility. In attempts to avoid these well-known piffalls, the intellectually elite have sometimes used the term, chronic obstructive airway disease. This term has the virtue of avoiding one set of disadvantages, but promptly presents equally great ones, in that it fails to make important practical distinctions so necessary for good management. As it bears no relation to any recognized pathology, it thus, by including all, means virtually nothing. If the clinician is to predict pathology, and thus apply treatment rationally, we have to do better; but to be practical, we have to be simple. There still remains a considerable gulf between the physiologist, with his increasingly sophisticated laboratory tests, and the clinician, caring for large numbers of patients suffering from these exceedingly common conditions. The clinicians often fail to make the most of what the physiologist has to offer, but the physiologists have all too often failed to reach out and recognize the subtleties of the clinical problems. Even to a group of international experts, it is appropriate to illustrate some of the real clinical
Knowledge and Beliefs about Bullying in Schools

A questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about bullying used in a study of pre-service teachers in the United Kingdom was replicated on a sample of 82 pre-service teachers in the United States. Results were similar for both groups of pre- service teachers. Participants had some accurate knowledge as well as some beliefs and attitudes that would not be consistent with effective teacher behaviours towards students involved in bullying. Both samples were interested in further training as part of their teacher preparation programs. Implications for training of pre-service teachers are discussed.
Presence of activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients predicts impaired prognosis

Conclusions. The results indicate that a high level of peripheral blood (PB) T-lymphocyte activation in vivo predicts impaired prognosis with and without adjustment for TNM stage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Objective. To determine if PB T-lymphocyte activation in vivo is associated with the presence of, stage of and prognosis of HNSCC. Materials and methods. Sixty-two patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC and 15 control patients were studied. PB T-lymphocyte activation was assessed by measuring by flow cytometry the percentage of PB T lymphocytes (CD3 + ) showing the early activation-related cell surface epitopes CD69+ or CD71+ (transferrin receptor) or the late activation epitopes CD25+ (IL-2 receptor) or HLA-DR+. Results. There was no significant difference in expression of T-lymphocyte activation markers between HNSCC patients and control patients, or any difference dependent on TNMG stage. In HNSCC patients a high percentage of CD71+ T lymphocytes predicted worse prognosis with a relative risk (RR) of 2.38 (confidence interval (CI): 1.04–5.47). A high mean value of the early (CD69 + /CD71 + ) (RR 2.37; CI: 1.06–5.29) or late (CD25 + /HLA-DR + ) (RR 3.31; CI: 1.39–7.88) activation markers also predicted worse prognosis. Following adjustment for TNM stage, high mean value of the early activation epitopes CD71+ (RR 2.89; CI: 1.22–6.85), the mean value of CD69 + /CD71+ (RR 2.58; CI: 1.12–5.91) and CD25 + /HLA-DR+ (RR 2.75; CI: 1.14–6.62) predicted worse prognosis.
Drive matching issues in multi gate CMOS inverter

In nanowire CMOS design matching n-FET and p-FET current drive and threshold voltage for symmetric performance is a challenging problem. In this paper, we investigate different approaches to match the n- and p-FET drives in silicon nanowire (Si-NW) CMOS inverter. Device design parameters: gate length (LG), number of nanowire (NNW), wire diameter (DNW) and source/drain (S/D) implantation dose (Φ) are used as drive tuning parameters to match the n-FET and p-FET drives. We find that in comparison to use of LG or NNW as tuning parameters, the DNW or Φ tuned CMOS inverters provide significant reduction in circuit active area and active power dissipation. However, the increase of DNW in p-FET required to match the n-FET drive results in a large amount of increase in leakage current in DNW tuned CMOS as compared to Φ tuned NW CMOS inverter. Also, it is found that the effect of process variation on NW device performance is more sensitive with DNW as compared to Φ. It is seen that among all methods, Φ tuned NW CMOS has better overall performance. When compared with the conventional matching approach (multi-NW in p-FET to match the n-FET drive), the Φ tuned NW CMOS inverter shows 38% saving in active power dissipation, and 28% saving in the active area. Hence, Φ tuned NW CMOS inverter is an excellent option for low power applications in Si-NW technology.
Listening to the Birds: A Pragmatic Proposal for Forestry

Recently, natural scientists have begun to support an interpretive turn in ecology. Yet the ethical implications of interpreting nature have not been sufficiently addressed. In this essay, I use different interpretations of nature to make three distinct but related points relevant to forestry: (1) ecological narratives should be evaluated on the basis of ethical norms, (2) the choice of which interpretations of nature and ethical norms to use in environmental policy should be conducted by a process of public deliberation, and (3) scientific narratives should be denied a priori privilege over non-scientific interpretations of nature for policy purposes.
Applying array contraction to a sequence of DOALL loops

Efficient program execution on multiprocessor computers requires both sufficient parallelism and good data locality. Recent research found that, using a combination of loop shifting, loop fusion, and array contraction, one can reduce the memory required to execute a sequence of serial loops, thereby to improve the cache locality. This paper studies how to extend such a memory-reduction scheme to a sequence of DOALL loops, which are executed in parallel on multiprocessors. Two methods are proposed to overcome difficulties caused by loop-carried dependences. Data copy-in is performed to remove anti-dependences between different parallel threads, and computation duplication is performed to remove flow dependences. Experiments performed on a number of benchmark programs show that the proposed technique improves both cache locality and parallel execution speed for the DOALL loops. The scheme achieves an average speedup of 1.41 for 17 programs on a 4-processor SUN machine.
INTELLIGENCE COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH CENTER 531 Design and Management of Complex Technical Processes and Systems by means of Computational Intelligence Methods Approximations by OBDDs and the Variable Ordering Problem

Ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs) and their variants are motivated by the need to represent Boolean functions in applications. Research concerning these applications leads also to problems and results interesting from theoretical point of view. In this paper, methods from communication complexity and information theory are combined to prove that the direct storage access function and the inner product function have the following property. They have linear -OBDD size for some variable ordering and, for most variable orderings 0, all functions which approximate them on considerably more than half of the inputs, need exponential 0-OBDD size. These results have implications for the use of OBDDs in genetic programming.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for UGT1A1 and Atazanavir Prescribing

The antiretroviral protease inhibitor atazanavir inhibits hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, thereby preventing the glucuronidation and elimination of bilirubin. Resultant indirect hyperbilirubinemia with jaundice can cause premature discontinuation of atazanavir. Risk for bilirubin‐related discontinuation is highest among individuals who carry two UGT1A1 decreased function alleles (UGT1A1*28 or *37). We summarize published literature that supports this association and provide recommendations for atazanavir prescribing when UGT1A1 genotype is known (updates at www.pharmgkb.org).
Syntactic annotation of spontaneous speech: application to call-center conversation data

This paper describes the syntactic annotation process of the DECODA corpus. This corpus contains manual transcriptions of spoken conversations recorded in the French call-center of the Paris Public Transport Authority (RATP). Three levels of syntactic annotation have been performed with a semi-supervised approach: POS tags, Syntactic Chunks and Dependency parses. The main idea is to use off-the-shelf NLP tools and models, originaly developped and trained on written text, to perform a first automatic annotation on the manually transcribed corpus. At the same time a fully manual annotation process is performed on a subset of the original corpus, called the GOLD corpus. An iterative process is then applied, consisting in manually correcting errors found in the automatic annotations, retraining the linguistic models of the NLP tools on this corrected corpus, then checking the quality of the adapted models on the fully manual annotations of the GOLD corpus. This process iterates until a certain error rate is reached. This paper describes this process, the main issues raising when adapting NLP tools to process speech transcriptions, and presents the first evaluations performed with these new adapted tools.
Separating geometry from texture to improve face analysis

This article studies the effect of preprocessing a classical PCA decomposition using a modified self organizing map (SOM) in order to find shape clusters to improve the texture analysis by means of a pool of PCAs. In most successful view-based recognition systems, shape and texture are jointly used to model statistically a linear or piece-wise linear subspace that optimally explains the face space for a specific database. Our work is aimed at separating the influence that variance in face shape stamps on the set of eigenfaces in the classical PCA decomposition. A set of experiments show the reliability of this new system.
Neuronal central nervous system syndromes probably mediated by autoantibodies

In the last few years, a rapidly growing number of autoantibodies targeting neuronal cell‐surface antigens have been identified in patients presenting with neurological symptoms. Targeted antigens include ionotropic receptors such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor or the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, metabotropic receptors such as mGluR1 and mGluR5, and other synaptic proteins, some of them belonging to the voltage‐gated potassium channel complex. Importantly, the cell‐surface location of these antigens makes them vulnerable to direct antibody‐mediated modulation. Some of these autoantibodies, generally targeting ionotropic channels or their partner proteins, define clinical syndromes resembling models of pharmacological or genetic disruption of the corresponding antigen, suggesting a direct pathogenic role of the associated autoantibodies. Moreover, the associated neurological symptoms are usually immunotherapy‐responsive, further arguing for a pathogenic effect of the antibodies. Some studies have shown that some patients’ antibodies may have structural and functional in vitro effects on the targeted antigens. Definite proof of the pathogenicity of these autoantibodies has been obtained for just a few through passive transfer experiments in animal models. In this review we present existing and converging evidence suggesting a pathogenic role of some autoantibodies directed against neuronal cell‐surface antigens observed in patients with central nervous system disorders. We describe the main clinical symptoms characterizing the patients and discuss conflicting arguments regarding the pathogenicity of these antibodies.
The dynamics of employee relationships in an ethnically diverse workforce

This article explores and analyses the dynamics of workplace relationships in an organization characterized by a highly ethnically diverse workforce. The specific objectives are: 1) to understand the factors that are contributing to high levels of ethnic diversity; 2) to uncover the ways in which such diversity is manifested in an organizational setting; and 3) to explore the ramifications that this diversity and its manifestations may have for individuals and groups of employees on the one hand and for relations between management and groups of employees on the other. The article concludes by discussing the implications that such ethnic diversity may have for extant research and conceptualization of ethnic minorities in the workplace.
A Simulation Framework for Evaluating Mobile Robots

Abstract : As robotic technologies mature, we are moving from simple systems that roam our laboratories to heterogeneous groups of systems that operate in complex nonstructured environments. The novel and extremely complex nature of these autonomous systems generates a great deal of subsystem interdependencies that makes team, individual system, and subsystem validation and performance measurement difficult. Simple simulations or laboratory experimentation are no longer sufficient. To assist in evaluating these components and making design decisions, we are developing an integrated real-virtual environment. It is our hope that this will greatly facilitate the design, development, and understanding of how to configure and use multi-robot teams and will accelerate the robots' deployment.
Young children's understanding of photo self-representations

This experiment examined delayed self-recognition in 24 2.5-year-old and 24 3-year-old children. Children were marked covertly with a sticker on their forehead while playing a game, after which their photograph was taken. When show this photograph, the 3- but not the 2.5-year-olds reached to remove this sticker reliably. However, the older children reached reliably only when first shown how a recently taken photograph can be used to guide their search for an object in the testing room that was not directly visible to the unaided eye. Implications of the findings in terms of the development of a temporally extended sense of self are discussed.
Relationship of IL-1 and TNF-α polymorphisms with Helicobacter pylori in gastric diseases in a Brazilian population

It is well known that the risk of development of gastric cancer (GC) in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients depends on several factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms for IL-1β, IL-1RN and TNF-α on the development of GC in a Brazilian population. A total of 202 biopsies obtained from Brazilian patients with chronic gastritis and GC were included in the study. Infection with H. pylori cagA+ was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as previously described. IL-1β, IL-1RN and TNF-α polymorphism genotyping was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. Associations between gene polymorphisms, clinical diseases and virulence markers were evaluated using either the X2 test or the Fisher exact test. Our results demonstrated that the IL-1β -511 C/C and IL-1β -511 C/T alleles were associated with chronic gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively) and the IL-1β -511 C/C genotype was associated with GC (P = 0.03). The frequency of IL-1RN alleles from patients with chronic gastritis and GC indicated that there was no difference between the genotypes of the groups studied. Similar results were found for TNF-α -308 gene polymorphisms. Our results indicate that the IL-1β -511 C/C and C/T gene polymorphisms are associated with chronic gastritis and GC development in H. pylori-infected individuals.
Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency, and all healthcare professionals should be familiar with its recognition and acute and ongoing management. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Taskforce on Anaphylaxis. They aim to provide evidence‐based recommendations for the recognition, risk factor assessment, and the management of patients who are at risk of, are experiencing, or have experienced anaphylaxis. While the primary audience is allergists, these guidelines are also relevant to all other healthcare professionals. The development of these guidelines has been underpinned by two systematic reviews of the literature, both on the epidemiology and on clinical management of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a potentially life‐threatening condition whose clinical diagnosis is based on recognition of a constellation of presenting features. First‐line treatment for anaphylaxis is intramuscular adrenaline. Useful second‐line interventions may include removing the trigger where possible, calling for help, correct positioning of the patient, high‐flow oxygen, intravenous fluids, inhaled short‐acting bronchodilators, and nebulized adrenaline. Discharge arrangements should involve an assessment of the risk of further reactions, a management plan with an anaphylaxis emergency action plan, and, where appropriate, prescribing an adrenaline auto‐injector. If an adrenaline auto‐injector is prescribed, education on when and how to use the device should be provided. Specialist follow‐up is essential to investigate possible triggers, to perform a comprehensive risk assessment, and to prevent future episodes by developing personalized risk reduction strategies including, where possible, commencing allergen immunotherapy. Training for the patient and all caregivers is essential. There are still many gaps in the evidence base for anaphylaxis.
GEOMETRIC ASPECTS CONCERNING THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC WORKFLOW OF THE DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERA ULTRACAMX

In this paper we give a detailed description of the photogrammetric workflow recommended for the large format digital aerial camera UltraCamX. This includes image pre-processing, automated aerotriangulation (AAT) and the derivation of the final product (DTM, orthophotos, etc.) High quality geometric camera calibration is a prerequisite for photogrammetric applications. We will therefore also describe the initial camera calibration performed by Vexcel and the temperature dependent model (TDM), which compensates for systematic sensor drift during OPC post-processing. Geometric properties of the image also depend on the (variable) flight conditions (e.g. radial distortion caused by refraction). Self-calibration should therefore be applied in the final bundle adjustment to achieve the highest possible accuracies. We present self-calibration parameters suitable for the UltraCamX, consisting of traditional parameter sets and parameters specially designed for the UltraCamX. Geometric corrections described by these parameters must be applied to avoid systematic errors in the final product. To document this, we simulate systematic errors in the exterior orientation parameters and the DTM surface caused by systematic image errors.
Effects of computer monitor-emitted radiation on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and lens from rats

Purpose This study aims to investigate the possible effects of computer monitor-emitted radiation on the oxidant/antioxidant balance in corneal and lens tissues and to observe any protective effects of vitamin C (vit C). Methods Four groups (PC monitor, PC monitor plus vitamin C, vitamin C, and control) each consisting of ten Wistar rats were studied. The study lasted for three weeks. Vitamin C was administered in oral doses of 250 mg/kg/day. The computer and computer plus vitamin C groups were exposed to computer monitors while the other groups were not. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in corneal and lens tissues of the rats. Results In corneal tissue, MDA levels and CAT activity were found to increase in the computer group compared with the control group. In the computer plus vitamin C group, MDA level, SOD, and GSH-Px activities were higher and CAT activity lower than those in the computer and control groups. Regarding lens tissue, in the computer group, MDA levels and GSH-Px activity were found to increase, as compared to the control and computer plus vitamin C groups, and SOD activity was higher than that of the control group. In the computer plus vitamin C group, SOD activity was found to be higher and CAT activity to be lower than those in the control group. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that computer-monitor radiation leads to oxidative stress in the corneal and lens tissues, and that vitamin C may prevent oxidative effects in the lens.
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Intracellular Adhesion Molecule (sICAM‐1) Level in Serum and Follicular Fluid of Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Endometriosis and Tubal Damage, and their Effect on ICSI Outcome

PROBLEM: The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and soluble intracellular adhesions molecule (sICAM‐1) in serum and follicular fluid (FF) of polycystic ovary (PCO), endometriosis and tubal factor infertility and male factor infertility patients, and to investigate the relationship between these parameters and the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).