Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recommendations and treatment strategies for the management of acute ischemic stroke

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. From the establishment of the penumbra concept, ischemic stroke has been recognized as a dynamic process and two main therapeutic strategies have been designed: one that tries to reopen the occluded artery and the second aims to protect the penumbra brain tissue until the physiologic mechanisms–or the treatment–stop the ischemia. Objective: To review the most recent, high-quality evidence for acute stroke treatment. Methods: Systematic review of relevant published studies focused in several aspects of acute ischemic stroke management, from neuroprotection to thrombolysis. Conclusions: After the publication of NINDS rt-PA study, the classical nihilistic approach to ischemic stroke started to change and thrombolytic treatment was approved in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting within 3 h from onset of symptoms. Advances in this field are proceeding on several fronts, including the use of next-generation plasminogen activators and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, refined patient selection with advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences, endovascular approaches to thrombolysis and thrombectomy, and adjuvant use of ultrasound. Abrupt deprivation of oxygen and glucose to neuronal tissues elicits a series of pathologic cascades, leading to the spread of neuronal death. Of the numerous pathways identified, excessive activation of glutamate receptors, accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ cations, abnormal recruitment of inflammatory cells, excessive production of free radicals and initiation of pathologic apoptosis are believed to play critical roles in ischemic damage, especially in the penumbral zone. Several neuroprotective agents designed to block these cascades have been investigated in animal models of cerebral ischemia and numerous agents have been found to reduce infarct size. However, translation of neuroprotective benefits from the laboratory bench to the emergency room has not been successful. Other measures, such as the relevance of body position in the acute phase of stroke, anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents or the effects of statins and antihypertensive therapy, are discussed in this paper, with an overview of the relevance of stroke units.
Anthocyanins standards (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside) isolation from freeze-dried açaí (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.) by HPLC

Disponibilidade de padroes analiticos e um aspecto critico no desenvolvimento de metodos de analises quantitativas de antocianinas. Para a obtencao dos padroes isolados de antocianinas cianidina-3-O-glicosideo e cianidina-3-O-rutinosideo foram utilizadas amostras liofilizadas de acai (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.), que e um conhecido fruto de palmeiras no Brasil de forma arredondada e roxo. O isolamento das antocianinas foi realizado por Cromatografia Liquida de Alta Eficiencia (CLAE), utilizando uma valvula seletora de seis canais. A identificacao de antocianinas no acai foi baseada em dados publicados na literatura e por espectrometria de massas. Apos a coleta, padroes com um alto grau de pureza foram obtidos e uma curva para padronizacao externa de cada antocianina foi feita.
Synthesis of Substituted Phenyl Diaziridines and Characterization as Mechanism-Based Inactivators of Human Cytochrome P450 2B6

The metabolism of arylhydrazines by cytochromes P450 (P450s) has previously been shown to yield aryl-iron complexes that inhibit P450 enzymes as a result of heme modification. These modifications of the heme have been used to probe the topology of the active site of several P450s. Therefore, diaziridines containing one or more substitutions on the phenyl ring were synthesized and evaluated as potential mechanism-based inactivators of P450 2B enzymes that could be used to elucidate the active site topology. Five of the six trifluoroaryldiaziridines tested selectively inactivated P450 2B6 in the reconstituted system in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner as measured using the 7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin O-deethylation assay. The kinetic parameters for P450 2B6 inactivation by the five compounds were calculated. Analysis of the P450 heme from P450s inactivated by the five substituted diaziridines suggested that the activity loss was not due to heme destruction as measured by the reduced-CO spectrum or high-performance liquid chromatography of the P450 heme. Dialysis experiments indicated the irreversible nature of the inactivation and the reaction between the diaziridine compounds and the P450 enzyme. Interestingly, a thiomethyl-substituted phenyl diaziridine had no effect on the activity of P450 2B6 in the reconstituted system, but competitively inhibited the O-debenzylation activity of P450 3A4 with 7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin as substrate. Binding spectra suggest that this compound bound reversibly to P450 2B6, and preliminary results indicate that 3-(4-methylthiophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)diaziridine is metabolized by P450 2B6.
New biological treatments for gynecological tumors: focus on angiogenesis

Introduction: Gynecological tumors are a group of heterogeneous malignancies, with only modest results having been observed thus far with chemotherapy in advanced disease. New insights from pathobiology of these tumors have shed new light on potential new therapeutic targets. Angiogenesis is one of the most important processes involved in tumorigenesis, and effective treatments targeting the angiogenic machinery are now available. Areas covered: In this review, we will focus on angiogenesis as a therapeutic target in gynecological cancer patients. After a brief introduction on the angiogenesis machinery involvement in these malignancies, the most recent clinical data will be discussed. Expert opinion: Although clinical data with antiangiogenics are groundbreaking in several tumors such as ovarian epithelial cancer, overall efficacy of these agents is far from what was initially envisaged. As with other molecular targeted agents, selection of patients who may benefit from these agents will surely contribute to demonstrating better results. However, this does not diminish the clinical relevance of the above-mentioned results in a difficult field such as gynecological malignancies.
trkC encodes multiple neurotrophin‐3 receptors with distinct biological properties and substrate specificities.

The trkC gene product gp145trkC is a high affinity signaling receptor for neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3), a member of the NGF family of neurotrophic factors. We now report that trkC encodes at least two additional tyrosine protein kinase receptors. These receptors, designated TrkC K2 and TrkC K3, have the same amino acid sequences as gp145trkC (now designated TrkC K1) except for the presence of 14 and 25 additional amino acid residues between kinase subdomains VII and VIII, just downstream from the TDYYR motif which encompasses the putative autophosphorylation site of the Trk receptor family. Upon interaction with their cognate ligand, NT‐3, all three TrkC receptor isoforms become rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and induce DNA synthesis in quiescent cells. However, only TrkC K1 has mitogenic activity in NIH3T3 cells and induces neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. The different biological properties of these TrkC receptor isoforms probably result from their engagement with different signaling pathways. Whereas TrkC K1 phosphorylates phospholipase C gamma 1 and phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase, TrkC K2 and TrkC K3 do not. TrkC K2 and transcripts encoding TrkC K3 have been identified in various structures of the adult murine brain. These observations suggest that the trophic activities of NT‐3 in the mammalian nervous system might be mediated by different TrkC receptor isoforms.
Here be wyverns ! Verifying LLVM bitcode with llStar

We present the llStar tool for the verification of programs written in bitcode, the intermediate language of the LLVM compiler infrastructure. The low-level nature of bitcode makes it a challenging target for automatic formal verification. Thanks to a novel adaptation of separation logic to bitcode’s memory model, and using the symbolic execution engine coreStar together with z3 as a backend, llStar is able to automatically analyse bitcode programs. Simple programs enjoy simple proofs and specifications, and the compositionality of the analysis allows it to scale to larger programs. Additional theories can easily be added to llStar, which we showcase with shape domains for linked lists and directed acyclic graphs.
Peer Effects in Urban Schools

This study evaluates the effects of classroom peers on standardized testing achievement for all third- and fourth-grade students in the Philadelphia School District over 6 school years. With a comprehensive individual- and multilevel data set of all students matched to teachers, classrooms, and schools, two empirical strategies are employed. The first relies on the observable distribution of students among classrooms within a particular grade and school in any given year. As a test of robustness, a second strategy is employed, which depends on the idiosyncratic variation in classroom composition based on the random assignment of students entering the school at abnormal times during the academic year. Based on these empirical strategies, this study finds statistically significant classroom peer effects on standardized achievement, though the degree to which they impact performance differs based on peer characteristics.
Neuropeptides in the antennal lobe of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti

For many insects, including mosquitoes, olfaction is the dominant modality regulating their behavioral repertoire. Many neurochemicals modulate olfactory information in the central nervous system, including the primary olfactory center of insects, the antennal lobe. The most diverse and versatile neurochemicals in the insect nervous system are found in the neuropeptides. In the present study, we analyzed neuropeptides in the antennal lobe of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a major vector of arboviral diseases. Direct tissue profiling of the antennal lobe by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry indicated the presence of 28 mature products from 10 different neuropeptide genes. In addition, immunocytochemical techniques were used to describe the cellular location of the products of up to seven of these genes within the antennal lobe. Allatostatin A, allatotropin, SIFamide, FMRFamide‐related peptides, short neuropeptide F, myoinhibitory peptide, and tachykinin‐related peptides were found to be expressed in local interneurons and extrinsic neurons of the antennal lobe. Building on these results, we discuss the possible role of neuropeptide signaling in the antennal lobe of Ae. aegypti. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:592–608, 2014. © 2013 The Authors. The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
THE ADOLF MEYER LECTURE CHILDHOOD MOURNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRY

It is probably true that by far the most research in the field of psychiatry today still starts with an end-product, a sick patient, and seeks to unravel the sequence of events, psychological and physiological, that appear to have led to his becoming sick. This results in many suggestive hypotheses but, like any single method of enquiry, has its limitations. One of the hallmarks of an advancing science is exploitation of as many methods as can be devised. When in physiological medicine research was expanded to include the systematic investigation of one or another probable pathogen and its effects, a great harvest of knowledge was garnered. Adolf Meyer, we know, looked forward to the day when the same would be possible in psychiatry. "When we know better what to look out for," he wrote in 1903, "we may undertake studies of developing abnormalities which are not insanity yet, and follow them out so as to accumulate material of actual observationon which to build a solid theory. " Because of its practical.
Molecular Assays for Detecting Aphanomyces invadans in Ulcerative Mycotic Fish Lesions

ABSTRACT The pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces invadans is the primary etiological agent in ulcerative mycosis, an ulcerative skin disease caused by a fungus-like agent of wild and cultured fish. We developed sensitive PCR and fluorescent peptide nucleic acid in situ hybridization (FISH) assays to detect A. invadans. Laboratory-challenged killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were first tested to optimize and validate the assays. Skin ulcers of Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) from populations found in the Pamlico and Neuse River estuaries in North Carolina were then surveyed. Results from both assays indicated that all of the lesioned menhaden (n = 50) collected in September 2004 were positive for A. invadans. Neither the FISH assay nor the PCR assay cross-reacted with other closely related oomycetes. These results provided strong evidence that A. invadans is the primary oomycete pathogen in ulcerative mycosis and demonstrated the utility of the assays. The FISH assay is the first molecular assay to provide unambiguous visual confirmation that hyphae in the ulcerated lesions were exclusively A. invadans.
A High-Linearity Modified Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiode With Offset Effects of Nonlinear Capacitance

Third-order intermodulation distortion in an InGaAs/InP charge compensated modified uni-traveling carrier photodiode is characterized using a two-tone setup. Plots of the third-order local intercept point (IP3) versus photocurrent exhibit peaks. A simple analytical model is developed which explains that the peaks are due to the interaction of voltage-dependent and photocurrent-dependent capacitance effects.
The Influence of the Number of Alternatives on the Perceptual Recognition Threshold

A study of the recognition thresholds for nonsense syllables previously presented in lists containing from 2 to 15 syllables is reported. The threshold is found to increase in proportion to the logarithm of the number of alternatives (i.e. the length of the list from which a given test syllable is drawn). It is therefore concluded that recognition threshold is a function of the amount of information transmitted.
Left-to-Right Recoding Algorithm with Width-3

elliptic curve cryptosystems, the scalar will be first recoded in base 2 usually, and then the pre-computed points will be reused for improving the operational performance. This paper proposes a modified left-to-right recoding algorithm with width-3. It only requires simple conversion rules to achieve the non-zero density reduction. The modified wMOF and the original wMOF have the same average non-zero density and the number of pre-computed points. The recoding time of modified wMOF achieves at least 21% time reduction supported by simulation results. Therefore, the proposed recoding algorithm improves effectively recoding time.
Sink and swim: kinematic evidence for lifting-body mechanisms in negatively buoyant electric rays Narcine brasiliensis

SUMMARY Unlike most batoid fishes, electric rays neither oscillate nor undulate their body disc to generate thrust. Instead they use body–caudal–fin (BCF) locomotion. In addition, these negatively buoyant rays perform unpowered glides as they sink in the water column. In combination, BCF swimming and unpowered gliding are opposite ends on a spectrum of swimming, and electric rays provide an appropriate study system for understanding how the performance of each mode is controlled hydrodynamically. We predicted that the dorso-ventrally flattened body disc generates lift during both BCF swimming and gliding. To test this prediction, we examined 10 neonate lesser electric rays, Narcine brasiliensis, as they swam and glided. From video, we tracked the motion of the body, disc, pelvic fins and tail. By correlating changes in the motions of those structures with swimming performance, we have kinematic evidence that supports the hypothesis that the body disc is generating lift. Most importantly, both the pitch of the body disc and the tail, along with undulatory frequency, interact to control horizontal swimming speed and Strouhal number during BCF swimming. During gliding, the pitch of the body disc and the tail also interact to control the speed on the glide path and the glide angle.
Tuberculosis-Related Deaths within a Well-Functioning DOTS Control Program

To describe the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB)-related deaths in a well-managed program in a low-HIV area, we analyzed data from a cohort of 454 pulmonary TB patients recruited between March 1995 and October 2000 in southern Mexico. Patients who were sputum acid-fast bacillus smear positive underwent clinical and mycobacteriologic evaluation (isolation, identification, drug-susceptibility testing, and IS6110-based genotyping and spoligotyping) and received treatment from the local directly observed treatment strategy (DOTS) program. After an average of 2.3 years of follow-up, death was higher for clustered cases (28.6 vs. 7%, p=0.01). Cox analysis revealed that TB-related mortality hazard ratios included treatment default (8.9), multidrug resistance (5.7), recently transmitted TB (4.1), weight loss (3.9), and having less than 6 years of formal education (2). In this community, TB is associated with high mortality rates.
Reduction of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting by Dimenhydrinate Suppositories after Strabismus Surgery in Children

Although dimenhydrinate has been used for treatment and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) since the fifties, there have been few controlled studies about its efficacy. We performed a double-blinded study of 301 children aged 4 to 10 yr who underwent strabismus surgery. Preanesthetic medication with midazolam (0.5 mg/kg) as well as application of either dimenhydrinate suppositories or a placebo preparation was performed 30 min before the induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopentone (5–10 mg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg) and maintained with halothane (1%–2%) in N2O/O2 (65%/35%). The incidence of PONV, requirements for rescue dimenhydrinate, and time to recovery were recorded. The overall incidence of PONV was 60.1% in the placebo group and 30.7% in the dimenhydrinate group. In the dimenhydrinate group, children had to be observed in the recovery room significantly longer than those in the placebo group. Children having received dimenhydrinate were discharged from the recovery room with lower arousal scores. We conclude that the rectal administration of dimenhydrinate is effective for the prevention of PONV, although the sedative effect may require longer postoperative monitoring. Implications We performed a double-blinded, randomized study to investigate the effects of prophylactic rectal dimenhydrinate application on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. In comparison with placebo, dimenhydrinate reduced the incidence of postoperative vomiting from 60.1% to 30.7%.
XTile: An Error-Correction Package for DNA Self-Assembly

Self-assembly is a process by which supramolecular species form spontaneously from their components. This process is ubiquitous throughout the life chemistry and is central to biological information processing. It has been predicted that in future self-assembly will become an important tool in the fields of bio-molecular computation, nano-technology and medicine. However robustness (i.e. error correction) is a key challenge in realizing the potential of self-assembly. In earlier works many authors have proposed several combinatorial error correction schemes to control errors having a close analogy with the coding theory such as Winfree’s proofreading scheme and its generalizations by Chen and Goel and compact scheme of Reif, Sahu and Yin. In this work, we report an error correction package XTile that can be used to create input files to the Xgrow simulator of Erik Winfree by providing the design logic of the tiles and it also allows the user to apply proofreading, snake and compact error correction schemes. We also give a tile set for multiplying two binary numbers.
Naming anonymous javascript functions

JavaScript developers create programs by calling functions and they use functions to construct objects. JavaScript development tools need to report to developers about those functions and constructors, for example in debugger call-stacks and in object representations. However, most functions are anonymous: developers need not to specify names for functions. Based on our analysis of ten large, widely used JavaScript projects, less than 7% of JavaScript functions are named by developers. After studying examples from these JavaScript projects, we propose Static Function-Object Consumption, a principled, automated approach based on local source code analysis for providing names to nameless JavaScript functions. We applied our approach to 90000 anonymous functions that appeared in the analyzed JavaScript projects. The approach is successful in naming more than 99% (91% are unique within their file) of anonymous functions while the average length of function names is kept less than 37 characters.
E‐cadherin upregulates expression of matrix macromolecules aggrecan and collagen II in the intervertebral disc cells through activation of the intracellular BMP‐Smad1/5 pathway

E‐cadherin is a transmembrane protein that mediates cell–cell adhesion and cell–matrix interaction. Although the E‐cadherin has been shown to mediate a broad‐ranging cellular signals and functions, its effects on matrix metabolism of intervertebral discs (IVDs) are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of E‐cadherin on IVD matrix synthesis using pharmacological and molecular biology methods. We showed that high levels of the E‐cadherin are expressed in rabbits IVD cells. Our study indicates that the ectopic expression of E‐cadherin can stimulate matrix anabolism of the IVD cells, which was evidenced by increased expression of the matrix macromolecules aggrecan and collagen II. We found that E‐cadherin induces the expression of BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 genes and enhances Smad1/5 phosphorylation. Blocking BMP activity uses noggin suppressed E‐cadherin‐mediated upregulation of aggrecan and collagen II. Moreover, inhibition of Smad1/5 phosphorylation by dorsomorphin significantly repressed the E‐cadherin induced expression of aggrecan and collagen II at the both mRNA and protein levels. Together this study demonstrates that the E‐cadherin stimulates the synthesis of IVD matrix macromolecules aggrecan and collagen II through the induction of BMP genes and enhancement of the Smad1/5 phosphorylation. Thus E‐cadherin may have value in the treatment of degenerated discs. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1746–1752, 2012
Robust control for nonlinear systems with unknown perturbations using simplified robust right coprime factorisation

This article is concerned with operator-based robust control for nonlinear feedback system with unknown perturbations with simplified robust right coprime factorisation method. By the designed simplified robust controllers, the Bezout identity for the nominal nonlinear system and the perturbed nonlinear system are guaranteed to be simply satisfied, which means that not only the nonlinear system with nominal plant but also that with perturbed plant can be stabilised. Moreover, the plant output can be guaranteed to asymptotically track the reference output. The effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is verified by the simulation results.