Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Reliable Diode-Clamped Resonant DC/DC Converter for Overloaded Automotive Applications

This article proposes a diode-clamped resonant dc/dc converter having overload capability. The electric motor is able to demand short-time peak torque during sudden acceleration phase or long-time excessive torque when the automobiles are overloaded; it can also suffer from a short circuit fault of winding. Then, conventional full-bridge resonant dc/dc converters employing the secondary-side switching undergo very high current spike at the semiconductor devices on the secondary side when the load exceeds its threshold. By incorporating resonant diode-clamped cell, we have removed the high current spike occurred at the secondary-side power devices. In addition, its secondary-side switches can be completely turned off with zero-voltage-switching so that all of the active devices can be softly switched. Furthermore, the proposed converter can survive when its output nodes are short-circuited. Comparisons present the benefit of the proposed converter over conventional converters that use the secondary-side switching.
Stability and hyperstability of a quadratic functional equation and a characterization of inner product spaces

Abstract We have proved theHyers-Ulam stability and the hyperstability of the quadratic functional equation f (x + y + z) + f (x + y − z) + f (x − y + z) + f (−x + y + z) = 4[f (x) + f (y) + f (z)] in the class of functions from an abelian group G into a Banach space.
How Czech Adolescents Perceive Their Physical Activity

Adolescence is a critical stage in the development of an individual’s physical activity (PA) habits and preferences. Adolescents’ perceptions of PA can influence their motivation to engage in PA and, consequently, their overall level of PA. Thus, our primary aim was to investigate whether Czech adolescents misperceive their peers’ PA. Our dataset comprised cross-sectional data on 1289 adolescents aged 11–15 years. PA was measured using self-reported items used in the HBSC study. To describe the gender and school grade differences in VPA, independent samples T, ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis H tests were performed. To analyze the effect of gender, school grade, school, and participants’ own PA on the underestimation of PA, binomial regression models were used. Our study points out that there is a discrepancy between self-perceived levels of PA and the perceived descriptive norms of peers’ PA. Adolescents underestimate the prevalence of sufficient PA, and thus perceived descriptive norms in PA as being worse than levels of own PA. These findings indicate room for targeted interventions based on social-norms-based approaches to increase the PA of adolescents or at least strengthen their actual positive behavior.
An Investigation of Wave-Kinetic Theory: Hierarchy Equations, Phase Measure, and Resonance Singularity

Wave-kinetic theory has been developed to describe the statistical dynamics of weakly nonlinear, dispersive waves. In the first part of this dissertation, we derive the wave-kinetic equations formally from a general model of Hamiltonian wave systems, in the standard limit of a continuum of weakly interacting dispersive waves with random phases. In this asymptotic limit we show that the correct dynamical equation for multi-mode amplitude distributions is not the well-known Peierls equation but is instead a reduced equation with only a subset of the terms in that equation. The equations that we derive are the direct analogue of the Boltzmann hierarchy obtained from the BBGKY hierarchy in the low-density limit for gases. We show that the asymptotic multi-mode equations possess factorized solutions for factorized initial data, which correspond to preservation in time of the property of “random phases & amplitudes”. The factors satisfy the equations for the 1-mode probability density functions (PDF’s) previously derived by Jakobsen & Newell and Choi et al. Analogous to the Klimontovich density in the kinetic theory of gases, we introduce the concepts of the “empirical spectrum” and the “empirical 1-mode PDF”. We show
Lightweight Transformer for Multi-Modal Object Detection (Student Abstract)

It has become a common practice for many perceptual systems to integrate information from multiple sensors to improve the accuracy of object detection. For example, autonomous vehicles use visible light, and infrared (IR) information to ensure that the car can cope with complex weather conditions. However, the accuracy of the algorithm is usually a trade-off between the computational complexity and memory consumption. In this study, we evaluate the performance and complexity of different fusion operators in multi-modal object detection tasks. On top of that, a Poolformer-based fusion operator (PoolFuser) is proposed to enhance the accuracy of detecting targets without compromising the efficiency of the detection framework.
A 16 nm 140 TOPS/W 5 μJ/Inference Keyword Spotting Engine Based on 1D-BCNN

This brief presents an event-driven keyword spotting (KWS) system for reducing the significant but usually ignored energy dissipations on the “always-on” A/D converter and microphone. “Low energy per inference” and “fast responsiveness” are new design goals of such KWS engine. A 7-layer 1-dimensional binarized convolutional neural network (1D-BCNN) was designed to achieve 95% inference accuracy for detecting 10 keywords, plus silence and unknown, from raw speech, and 64 32-element signed binary inner product units were allocated in the engine to deliver the 4,096 operations/cycle maximum throughput. The 16nm implementation consumes only 0.1mm2 silicon area and $5~\mu \text{J}$ /inference energy (including memory accesses), while achieving 1.72ms response time. The performance is comparable to state-of-the-art KWS designs without sacrificing number of detectable keywords or inference accuracy.
Collective Variable Model for the Analysis of Traveling-Wave Tube

Traveling-wave tube (TWT) is an important kind of high-power microwave/terahertz source. The physical mechanism of the inherent nonlinear beam–wave interaction process in TWT should be accurately investigated for fast and accurate design. Conventional treatment involves a large amount of computation and is thus time-consuming. In this article, we propose a novel method to expound the nonlinear beam–wave interaction process in TWT, i.e., a 1-D collective variable for TWT (CV-TWT) model. It utilizes two macroscopic variables, i.e., the bunching factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the collective velocity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Then, a set of CV equations are derived to describe the motion of macroparticles denoting the electron beam and its statistics. The equation number is eventually reduced from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> + 1 to 3, which is beneficial for manipulation, and computation time is greatly saved. A 1-D code based on the Runge–Kutta algorithm is developed to solve the equations. For demonstration, the proposed CV-TWT model is applied in a <italic>Ka</italic>-band helix TWT example. The results predicted by the CV-TWT model are consistent with those obtained from the traditional model. However, the time cost of the CV-TWT model is only one-fiftieth of that taken by the traditional model. Such an important feature plays an important role in facilitating the design process of TWT.
Mitigating Cyber Attacks in LoRaWAN via Lightweight Secure Key Management Scheme

Owing to the geographically scattered end devices (EDs) in long-range wide area networks (LoRaWAN), devices that combat challenging cyber threats and attacks are of critical significance. In this perspective, LoRa Alliance® is continuously evolving the security of LoRaWAN and recently introduced a new version i.e., LoRaWAN 1.1x that is featured with security improvement. However, the wireless nature of LoRaWAN implementation still leaves it vulnerable to security breaches that compromise its integrity. Several problems have been pinpointed in the newer version such as one issue with key distribution in LoRaWAN 1.1 is that the keys are often pre-installed on the devices at the time of manufacturing. It can introduce security risks if the keys are not adequately protected or if the devices are compromised before they are deployed. In other words, the pre-installed keys may not be updated regularly, which can also introduce security risks. Thus, the keys need to be handled securely to maintain the security of the network and the over-the-air firmware updates feature could introduce new security challenges for the key distribution. This paper presents a key generation and distribution (KGD) mechanism that securely exchanges the root key between the ED and the application server (AS). The KGD protocol provides authentication by integrating Advanced Encryption Standard (AES-128) in addition to a secure hash function known as Argon2. The proposed protocol utilizes Elliptic-Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange method that makes the protocol resilient to cyber threats. The ECDH algorithm exchanges the keys on the insecure channels and is, therefore, vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks in the network. Therefore, to validate the key agreement and avoid adversaries, the KGD protocol considers the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) that authenticates and allows legitimate instances in the network. In last, a formal security analysis using the Scyther tool validates the security enhancement of the KGD protocol.
Association between the Temporomandibular Joint Morphology and Chewing Pattern

This study aimed to investigate whether the morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is associated with chewing patterns while considering skeletal morphology, sex, age, and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). A cross-sectional observational study of 102 TMJs of 80 patients (age 16–40 years) was performed using pretreatment records of cone-beam computed tomography imaging of the TMJ, mandibular kinesiographic records of gum chewing, lateral and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs, patient history, and pretreatment questionnaires. To select appropriate TMJ measurements, linear regression analyses were performed using TMJ measurements as dependent variables and chewing patterns as the independent variable with adjustment for other covariates, including Nasion-B plane (SNB) angle, Frankfort-mandibular plane angle (FMA), amount of lateral mandibular shift, sex, age, and symptoms of TMD. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for other covariates, the length of the horizontal short axis of the condyle and radius of the condyle at 135° from the medial pole were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the chewing patterns in the frontal plane on the working side. “Non-bilateral grinding” displayed a more rounded shape of the mandibular condyle. Conversely, “bilateral grinding” exhibited a flatter shape in the anteroposterior aspect. These findings suggest that the mandibular condyle morphology might be related to skeletal and masticatory function, including chewing patterns.
Simulations of bremsstrahlung emission in ultra-intense laser interactions with foil targets

Bremsstrahlung emission from interactions of short ultra-intense laser pulses with solid foils is studied using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. A module for simulating bremsstrahlung has been implemented in the PIC loop to self-consistently account for the dynamics of the laser–plasma interaction, plasma expansion, and the emission of gamma ray photons. This module made it possible to study emission from thin targets, where refluxing of hot electrons plays an important role. It is shown that the angular distribution of the emitted photons exhibits a four-directional structure with the angle of emission decreasing with the increase of the width of the target. Additionally, a collimated forward flash consisting of high energy photons has been identified in thin targets. The conversion efficiency of the energy of the laser pulse to the energy of the gamma rays rises with both the driving pulse intensity, and the thickness of the target. The amount of gamma rays also increases with the atomic number of the target material, despite a lower absorption of the driving laser pulse. The angular spectrum of the emitted gamma rays is directly related to the increase of hot electron divergence during their refluxing and its measurement can be used in experiments to study this process.
Invariant Synthesis for Programs Manipulating Arrays with Unbounded Data

This paper proposes a way of using abstract interpretation for discovering properties about array contents in some restricted cases: one-dimensional arrays, traversed by simple loops. The method summarizes an array property as an interval property. According to different statements, an interval property may be generated, updated or killed. The method is able to discover the properties of non-trivial examples.
Spatial distribution of ground-motion variability in broadband ground-motion simulations

Ground-motion prediction for a scenario earthquake requires evaluation of both the average ground-motion level and ground-motion variability due to model uncertainties. This study aims to evaluate the ground-motion variability due to aleatory variability of the source parameters by modeling ground motion of the 2000 Tottori earthquake (strike-slip type) and the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake (reverse-fault type). The source models are based on the characterized source model by the “recipe” (HERP, 2016) with fault location, size, and geometry as given parameters. Aleatory variability for the three source parameters is considered: (1) asperity location, (2) rupture initiation point, and (3) seismic moment. Two asperities are randomly located on the fault with no overlapping. A rupture initiation point is chosen randomly from the 2 km grids on the fault. Seismic moment M0 is sampled from a normal distribution in which the mean value is given by the M0-S relation (S being the fault area) by Irikura and Miyake (2001) and mean+2σ equals to 2M0. Short-period level A, another important parameter in the characterized source model, is derived from A-M0 relation by Dan et al. (2001). Ground motion for each earthquake is simulated by a hybrid approach; 3D FDM (Aoi and Fujiwara, 1999) for long periods (> 1 s) and the stochastic Green’s function method (Dan and Sato, 1998) for short periods (< 1 s), using a set of 50 source models and a 3D velocity model of J-SHIS v2 (Fujiwara et al., 2012). For the 2004 Chuetsu earthquake, simulations using a simple 1D stratified velocity model are also conducted in order to exclude the effects of the complicated subsurface structure around the source area. From the ground-motion simulation results with 50 source models for each earthquake, standard deviation (SD) of ground-motion indexes, ln of 5% damped acceleration response (Sa), PGA, and PGV, are analyzed at 10 km interval mesh. Distance and azimuthal dependence of SD are observed; the characteristics of the spatial distribution of SD differ from short periods to long periods. It is also found that the spatial distribution of SD is largely distorted by the complicated subsurface velocity structure for the Chuetsu earthquake. As a step toward constructing a model of ground-motion variability in ground-motion prediction for a scenario earthquake, we attempt to fit the SD, each for strike-slip type and reverse-fault type, with a simple regression model using the fault distance and directivity parameters. Effects of variability in other source parameters, such as rupture velocity and source time function, should be studied in our future works. Modeling variabilities in such source parameters requires investigation in physicsor empirical-based criteria.
Classifications of Fermi-LAT unassociated sources in multiple machine learning methods

The classifications of Fermi-LAT unassociated sources are studied using multiple machine learning (ML) methods. The update data from 4FGL-DR3 are divided into high Galactic latitude (HGL, Galactic latitude $|b|>10^\circ$) and low Galactic latitude (LGL, $|b|\le10^\circ$) regions. In the HGL region, a voting ensemble of four binary ML classifiers achieves a 91$\%$ balanced accuracy. In the LGL region, an additional Bayesian-Gaussian (BG) model with three parameters is introduced to eliminate abnormal soft spectrum AGNs from the training set and ML-identified AGN candidates, a voting ensemble of four ternary ML algorithms reach an 81$\%$ balanced accuracy. And then, a catalog of Fermi-LAT all-sky unassociated sources is constructed. Our classification results show that (i) there are 1037 AGN candidates and 88 pulsar candidates with a balanced accuracy of $0.918 \pm 0.029$ in HGL region, which are consistent with those given in previous all-sky ML approaches; and (ii) there are 290 AGN-like candidates, 135 pulsar-like candidates, and 742 other-like candidates with a balanced accuracy of $0.815 \pm 0.027$ in the LGL region, which are different from those in previous all-sky ML approaches. Additionally, different training sets and class weights were tested for their impact on classifier accuracy and predicted results. The findings suggest that while different training approaches can yield similar model accuracy, the predicted numbers across different categories can vary significantly. Thus, reliable evaluation of the predicted results is deemed crucial in the ML approach for Fermi-LAT unassociated sources.
Distance to neighbour calculations among OBIA primitives as an innovation to urban mapping techniques

ABSTRACT The intuitive notion of urban fabric is related to the type of buildings and their proximity. Mapping the density of urban fabric by proxy, using the vegetation index, is considered standard. The classification of urban fabric can also be achieved using the information of all individual buildings. By using the volume and measuring their distance to all other image objects in the map, a new urban density map is made. This requires all building volumes in the city and fusing such data with remote-sensing imagery. The distance calculation of over 1.3 million segments in 6 categories, results in a new map (of Cracow) with urban density and is compared to the existing urban fabric map. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and the commercial off the shelf (COTS) roadmap are traditionally recommended for urban mapping. But COTS data can, at this stage, not be automated. The mass processing of the distance to categorical buildings, with object-based image analysis (OBIA), can be automated instead. The OBIA classification requires image–object fusion for the transfer of attributes in various levels of aggregation. This procedure can be applied in extending the manuals and it serves as an innovation for the standard urban map procedure.
Diffractive D*-mesons production in DIS at HERA

This thesis presents a measurement of the cross sections for the production of the charmed mesons in diffractive deep inelastic positron-proton scattering (DIS) interactions of the type ep → eXY , where the system X is separated from a low-mass system Y, by a large rapidity gap where no particles are observed. These diffractive processes can be explained as a result of the exchange of a strongly interacting colour singlet object between the final state particles. In this measurement data taken with the H1 detector in the years 1999-2000, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of Lint = 46.7 pb−1 are used. Inclusive DIS events are selected in the kinematic range with the momentum transfer Q2 ∈ [2;100] GeV and inelasticity ybj ∈[0.05;0.7]. The charm quark is tagged by requiring a D∗ meson decaying into the channel D∗ → Dπslow → Kππslow inside the central tracking system with transverse momenta pt(D ∗) > 2 GeV. The forward components of the H1 detector are used to select genuine diffractive events on the basis of the forward sub-detectors activity and of the presence a large rapidity gap in the final state hadrons. The visible charm production cross sections are measured in the diffractive kinematic range MY <1.6 GeV, | t | < 1 GeV2 and xIP < 0.04 to be σ(ep → e(DX)Y ) = 249 ± 31(stat.) ± 30(sys) pb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The shape of the differential distributions for diffractive D∗ production are well described by the collinear factorisation model which is implemented in the Monte Carlo simulation RAPGAP.
Character Recognition using Conditional Random Field based Matching Engine

The paper presents a novel script independent CRF based inferencing framework for character recognition. In this framework we consider a word as a sequence of connected com- ponents. The connected components are obtained using different binarization schemes and different possible sequences are con- sidered using a tree structure. CRF uses contextual information to learn perfect primitive sequences and finds the most probable labeling of the sequence of primitives using multiple hypothesis tree to form the correct sequence of alphabets. This approach is particularly suitable for degraded printed document images as it considers multiple alternate hypotheses for correct decision.
Study on TPB as wavelength shifter for the new ICARUS T600 light collection system in the SBN program

In the last 30 years, the incredible experimental progress made in the studies of neutrino oscillation allowed to better understand the pattern of neutrino masses and neutrinos mixing. However, further investigation are necessary, in particular concerning a series of experimental anomalies, observed in different neutrino experiments, which are uncorrelated with each other but all hinting at oscillation phenomena. The goal of the new Short Baseline Neutrino program is to perform sensitive searches for νe appearance and νμ disappearance in the Booster Neutrino Beam in order to understand experimental anomalies in neutrino physics and to perform the most sensitive search for sterile neutrinos at the eV mass-scale. The experiment includes three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beam line at Fermilab. In this paper, the functioning of the Short Baseline Neutrino far detector, ICARUS-T600, is shown. In particular, this work is focused on the detector light collection system and on its upgrade concerning the wavelength shifting of the liquid argon scintillation from vacuum ultra-violet into visible light.
An integral formula for cocycles of Lie groups

2014 The relationship between cohomology of Lie groups and of Lie algebras is studied, locally as well globally, by means of a formalism associating some differential forms with Cx cochains. An integral formula is constructed which allows to define an isomorphism from the Lie algebra cohomology (relative or not) onto the group cohomology (global or local), and furnishes an explicit expression for cocycles. Cohomology of Lie groups, in the sense of Eilenberg and MacLane [1 ], was first considered in a series of papers by W. T. Van Est [2 ], [3 ], [4 ], then by other authors [5 ]. Later on the theory was extended to group germs by S. Swierczkowski [6 ]. One of the main problems consists to relate the cohomology of a given group (defined by Cx cochains) to that of its Lie algebra. For group germs the two cohomologies are isomorphic [6 ], while globally the Lie algebra cohomology must be replaced by the relative cohomology with respect to a maximal compact subgroup [3 ]. The methods used in these papers are of abstract nature, mainly founded on the consideration of double complexes and of spectral sequences. We intend to give here a more elementary and perhaps more constructive analysis of the problem. The key is the setting up of an integral formula for cocycles, valid locally or globally. Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincuré-Section A-Vol. XXXII, 0020-2339/1980/221 $ B00/ 0 Gauthier-Villars