Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Angular Expansion and Distance of the Planetary Nebula BD +30°3639

The WFPC2 camera aboard the Hubble Space Telescope was used to obtain images of the planetary nebula BD +30°3639 at two epochs separated by 5.663 yr. The expansion of the nebula in the Hα and [N II] bands has been measured using several methods. Detailed expansion maps for both emission lines were constructed from nearly 200 almost independent features. There is good agreement between the (independent) Hα and [N II] proper motions. There are clear deviations from uniform radial expansion, with higher expansion rates in regions where the shell is faintest, such as the southwest quadrant. The Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph was used to obtain echelle spectra in the C II] λ2326 multiplet and the [O II] λ2470 doublet, providing well-resolved expansion velocities at two position angles. From the C II] lines we find that the central velocity split is ±36.3 km s-1 at a position angle (P.A.) of 99° and ±33.5 km s-1 at P.A. 25°. The fainter [O II] doublet does not appear to differ from the C II] multiplet. To determine the distance of BD +30°3639 by comparison of the angular expansion and the spectroscopically determined radial expansion, we must address the problem of the three-dimensional shape of the nebula. We measured the angular expansion along the position of the 99° echelle slit, finding displacements of 4.25 mas yr-1 at the shell edge (2.″47 from the center). If the nebula were spherical, this would imply a distance of 1.80 kpc. But there is evidence that the nebula is elongated along the line of sight, which suggests that the actual distance is less. Radio continuum images from 5 and 15 GHz VLA observations provide information on the extent of the radial elongation. We fit the radio brightness variation and the echelle data by approximating the nebula as an ellipsoid, also making use of the ground-based echelle spectra reported by Bryce & Mellema. Our model has an axial ratio of 1.56, is inclined to the line of sight by 9. °7, and exhibits an expansion in the plane of the sky which is that in the radial direction, leading to a distance of 1.2 kpc. Not all the kinematic data fit this simple model, so the distance must still be regarded as uncertain. Based on the recent model atmosphere of Crowther et al., a distance of 1.2 kpc implies a stellar luminosity of 4250 L⊙. The kinematic age of the nebula, θ/, varies somewhat from region to region. A good average value is 800 yr, while the expansion along the position of the 99° echelle slit gives about 600 yr.
Cobordisms of homotopy lens spaces

We show that any 3-dimensional homotopy lens space M that is simple-homotopy equivalent to a lens space L(p, q) is s-cobordal to this lens space. It follows that M has the same multi-signature as L(p, q) and the action of Z/pZ on the universal cover of M embeds in an orthogonal action on S. We study here 3-dimensional manifolds that have a finite cyclic fundamental group. All such manifolds are homotopy-equivalent to lens spaces. Whether every such manifold is in fact homeomorphic to some lens space remains an important unresolved problem. In dimensions 5 and above, the methods of surgery give a complete classification of manifolds with finite cyclic fundamental group. They are classified by two invariants, the Reidemeister torsion and the multi-signature. The Reidemeister torsion ρ determines the simple-homotopy type, while the multi-signature ∆ is an h-cobordism invariant and determines whether two manifolds are h-cobordal. If both these invariants coincide for two manifolds, we have an s-cobordism between them, which then enables us to conclude that they are homeomorphic by using the s-cobordism theorem. In the case of a 3-manifold M with finite cyclic fundamental group, we show that if M is simple-homotopy equivalent to a lens space, then it is in fact s-cobordal to that lens space. In particular, the Reidemeister torsion determines the multisignature, at least for simple-homotopy lens spaces. We emphasise that this is only a topological s-cobordism, and may not have a smooth structure. Restricting the possible Reidemeister torsions and multi-signatures may be helpful in understanding which finite groups act with fixed points on S (see [8]). Theorem 0.1. Suppose M is a 3-manifold with a simple-homotopy equivalence f : M → L(p, q). Then M is s-cobordal to L(p, q). As the multi-signature is an h-cobordism invariant, we obtain Corollary 0.2. The multi-signature of M is the same as that of L(p, q). The s-cobordism theorem in dimension 4 is false in general, and even the hcobordism theorem is unknown and would imply the Poincaré conjecture. Hence, we cannot conclude that M is homeomorphic to a lens space. However, by taking the join of the action of π1(M) on its universal cover with an orthogonal action on S, we can obtain a 7-dimensional homotopy lens space which is homeomorphic to a lens space (for details see [8]). Thus, we have Corollary 0.3. The action of π1(M) = Z/pZ on the universal cover of M embeds in an orthogonal action on S. Date: April 6, 2000. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary: 57M05; 57M60.
Key factors maximizing art museum visitors’ satisfaction, commitment, and post-purchase intentions

ABSTRACT As there is a lack of empirical research examining art museum visitors’ post-purchase behaviors, this study tested the theoretical associations among image congruence, quality, affective experiences, satisfaction, and commitment to build a sturdy model of behavioral intentions. The concept of involvement was also included as a moderator. A field survey at art museums was conducted. The level of construct validity and reliability for all variables were satisfactory. Results of the structural model revealed that the proposed theoretical framework sufficiently accounted for the variance in intentions. Satisfaction was of greatest importance in generating intentions. Commitment and satisfaction acted as important mediators. Among nine hypothesized direct linkages, eight hypotheses were supported. Findings from the invariance model assessment supported the moderating influence of involvement on the relationships among quality, satisfaction, commitment, and intentions. The strength of such relationships among these variables was greater when museum visitors’ involvement level was high.
New Multiparty Signature Schemes for Network Routing Applications

We construct two new multiparty digital signature schemes that allow multiple signers to sequentially and non-interactively produce a compact, fixed-length signature. First, we introduce a new primitive that we call ordered multisignature (OMS) scheme, which allows signers to attest to a common message as well as the order in which they signed. Our OMS construction substantially improves computational efficiency and scalability over any existing scheme with suitable functionality. Second, we design a new identity-based sequential aggregate signature scheme, where signers can attest to different messages and signature verification does not require knowledge of traditional public keys. The latter property permits savings on bandwidth and storage as compared to public-key solutions. In contrast to the only prior scheme to provide this functionality, ours offers improved security that does not rely on synchronized clocks or a trusted first signer. We provide formal security definitions and support the proposed schemes with security proofs under appropriate computational assumptions. We focus on applications of our schemes to secure network routing, but we believe that they will find other applications as well.
A new theoretical perspective on deception detection: On the psychology of instrumental mind-reading

Abstract To be able to assess the veracity of statements offered by suspects, witnesses and alleged victims is of paramount importance in legal settings. The aim of this paper is to provide an initial piece of scientific support for the idea that psychologically informed mind-reading can improve people's ability to detect deception. To this end, a theoretical framework is sketched; a framework resting upon psychological notions from three domains: (a) the psychology of mind-reading, (b) the psychology of self-regulation, and (c) the psychology of guilt and innocence. Importantly, the term mind-reading is used in an instrumental (vs descriptive) manner, where the goal is to improve the ability to predict a person's behaviour (not to read the content of a person's mind). It is argued that the mind-reading process can be facilitated by theoretical and empirical work pertaining to ‘the psychology of guilt’ and ‘the psychology of innocence’. Using psychologically informed mind-reading, predictions of guilty and innocent suspects’ behaviour are specified, and gauged against existing empirical work. Finally, a recently published training study is used to illustrate how the outcome of instrumental mind-reading can be translated into interview tactics, and ultimately improve interviewers’ ability to detect deception.
Adolescents’ trust in food messages and their sources

Purpose The authors used role-playing with subsequent focus group interviews in order to explore how adolescents negotiate conflicting food messages they encounter in their everyday lives. The purpose of this paper is to describe adolescents’ perceptions about different messages and their sources and to explore the trust they place in such sources. Design/methodology/approach In total, 31 adolescents aged 15-16 years participated in role-playing with subsequent focus group interviews. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data. Findings The adolescents depicted an everyday life with multiple and different messages about food and eating. In addition, they stated that these messages were conveyed by a wide range of sources at different levels, for example, by parents, teachers, sports coaches and media. The messages from different sources were conflicting and covered many different perspectives on food and eating. When negotiating food choices in the role-playing and in the focus group discussing how to handle different and conflicting messages, trust became visible. The trustworthiness of messages and trust in their sources were associated with several important aspects in regard to whether or not the messages were based on knowledge about food and nutrition, care for the person receiving the messages, and/or commercial interest. In addition, the results indicate that the situation and the social relationship to the person providing the message were of importance for trustworthiness. Originality/value This study is novel as it uses role-playing as a research method and describes the trust adolescents place on food messages and their sources. To understand the factors that enhance such trust is important for the development and provision of education, information, and other health-promotion activities related to food in order to support and strengthen adolescents’ critical reflections on food messages from different sources.
The Proneural Gene Mash1 Specifies an Early Population of Telencephalic Oligodendrocytes

The bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) transcription factor Mash1 is best known for its role in the regulation of neurogenesis. However, Mash1 is also expressed in oligodendrocyte precursors and has recently been shown to promote the generation of oligodendrocytes in cell culture, suggesting that it may regulate oligodendrogenesis as well. Here, we show that in the developing ventral forebrain, Mash1 is expressed by a subset of oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) as soon as they are generated in the ventricular zone. Using reporter mice, we demonstrate that a subset of OPCs in both the embryonic and postnatal forebrain originate from Mash1-positive progenitors, including a large fraction of adult NG2-positive OPCs. Using Mash1 null mutant mice, we show that Mash1 is required for the generation of an early population of OPCs in the ventral forebrain between embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) and E13.5, whereas OPCs generated later in embryonic development are not affected. Overexpression of Mash1 in the dorsal telencephalon induces expression of PDGFRα (platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha) but not other OPC markers, suggesting that Mash1specifies oligodendrogenesis in cooperation with other factors. Analysis of double-mutant mice suggests that Olig2 is one of the factors that cooperate with Mash1 for generation of OPCs. Together, our results show for the first time that Mash1 cooperates in vivo with Olig2 in oligodendrocyte specification, demonstrating an essential role for Mash1 in the generation of a subset of oligodendrocytes and revealing a genetic heterogeneity of oligodendrocyte lineages in the mouse forebrain.
Context, emergent game play and the mobile gamer as producer

The emerging tensions between the mobile application logic and the unfolding dynamic context of use belong to the core challenges of ubiquitous computing today. Starting from and with reference to our experiences with mobile gaming in a game world, combining real world with virtual dimensions, we explore the mobile play activity as a source for the development of solutions. While the mobile gamer as producer of play possibilities before the game is pretty well understood, emergent game play and the mobile gamer as producer of novel play possibilities during the game rise conceptual and technological questions.
An Empirical Study

— We report on an empirical study performed in an industrial environment in which the impact of modifying test practices is measured. First, the efficiency of the existing test practices is measured, by analyzing the software defects using a modified version of Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC). The study was conducted in two phases lasting seven months each. In the first phase (Phase A), defects were recorded using existing implicit testing practices. Developers were then required to make those testing activities explicit based on a simple scheme. After a few months of employing this explicit testing practice, a new defect recording phase (Phase B), which also lasted seven months, was conducted. The impacts of explicit test practices are presented in terms of the ratios of defects found by the users and the nature of the testing activities performed. Results show that even a small improvement, such as requiring testing activities to be explicit, can have a measurable positive impact on the quality of the product.
Social Filtering and Social Reality Position Paper (draft Version) for the 3rd Delos Workshop on Collaborative Filtering

In this paper, we argue that most current social information ltering approaches do not suuciently account for situatedness and the social embedding of human cognition. In this context, situatedness means that human cognition is most appropriately described as an emergent property of the interaction of an individual with his or her environment. Our research aims at supporting people in information overload situations. In order to account for situatedness, we only support users in nding interesting information rather than automating the search task. So far, our work has been focusing on individuals participating in the global conferencing system Usenet news. Social l-tering as a community-based approach seems to be a promising complement to our individual-based lter-ing approach. Based our experiences with spynews, a newsreader providing support for situated information ltering, we argue for the relevance of situatedness and social embedding for social ltering approaches.
A Multi-agent Homophily-Based Approach for Community Detection in Social Networks

In this paper, we propose an agent-based approach for modeling dynamic connections in social networks. The key contribution of our work is the definition of a similarity measure for computing the strength of relationships between the social network members. For this purpose, we take into consideration the members' properties, the topological structure of the network and information about the interchange between each connected pair. To well choose the properties of social members, we use the concept of homophily. We show that our approach improves the effectiveness of the community detection process.
Human-Guided Real-Time Multi-Agent Coordination in Dynamic Uncertain Domains

Creating decision support systems to help people coordinate in the real world is difficult because it requires simultaneously addressing planning, scheduling, uncertainty and distribution. Generic AI approaches produce inadequate solutions because they cannot leverage the structure of domains and the intuition that end-users have for solving particular problem instances. We present a general approach where end-users can encode their intuition as guidance enabling the system to decompose large distributed problems into simpler problems that can be solved by traditional centralized AI techniques. Evaluations in field exercises with real users show that teams assisted by our multi-agent decision-support system outperform teams coordinating using radios.
Exploring desktop resources based on user activity analysis

Relocation in personal desktop resources is an interesting and promising research topic. This demonstration illustrates a new perspective in exploring desktop resources to help users re-find expected data resources more effectively. Different from existing works, our prototype OrientSpace has two features: automatically extract and maintain user tasks to support task-based exploration, and support vague search by exploiting associations between desktop resources.
Human-level moving object recognition from traffic video

Video preserves valuable raw information. Understanding these data and then recognizing objects and tagging them are crucial to intelligent planning and decision making. Deep learning provides us an effective way to understand big data with a human-level. As traffic video is characterized by crowded scene and low definition, it will be non-effective to deal with the whole image once. An alternative way is to separate image and determine a small window for each moving object. A Q-learning based moving object recognition approach, which firstly finds out moving object region and then uses a Q-learning based optimization method to determine the most compact region that contain the moving object, is proposed. The algorithms enable to detect the most compact rectangle around the moving object at near real-time speed. After that, a deep neural network is used to semantic tag the recognized objects. The experiment results show the algorithms work effectively.
Simplified implementation of space vector PWM strategies for a three level inverter

Space vector based PWM strategies for three-level inverters have a broader choice of switching sequences to generate the required reference vector than triangle comparison based PWM techniques. However, space vector based PWM involves numerous steps which are computationally intensive. A simplified algorithm is proposed here, which is shown to reduce the computation time significantly. The developed algorithm is used to implement synchronous and asynchronous conventional space vector PWM, synchronized modified space vector PWM and an asynchronous advanced bus-clamping PWM technique on a low-cost dsPIC digital controller. Experimental results are presented for a comparative evaluation of the performance of different PWM methods.
Modeling and simulation of DC/DC converters based on double-loop control

The closed-loop control circuit of full-bridge DC/DC converter for wind power generation is designed in this article. First of all, the small-signal model of full-bridge DC/DC converter is established, and then with the help of automatic control theory and Matlab software, the control parameters are set to derive the mathematic model of high-power full-bridge DC/DC converters with closed-loop control. In the end, the whole system is simulated with Pspice software, and the results showed that the whole simulation model of design according to the small-signal voltage scheme is feasible and double closed-loop control technology can obviously improve the dynamic characteristics and the stability of the system.
Mensch-System-Integration nicht ohne soziale Dimension - Beobachtungen und Schlussfolgerungen aus der Gestaltung und Nutzung von Warten in Kernkraftwerken

Die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Leittechnik sowie die Integration von Leittechnik und Prozessrechnertechnik bewirken eine intensive Verzahnung mit den Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen. Eine Folge davon ist, dass nicht nur der Mensch als einzelne Person, sondern auch die Betriebsmannschaft mit ihren Verhaltensregeln verstarkt bei der Gestaltung der technischen Schnittstellen betrachtet werden muss - also eine Mensch-Menschen-System-Integration zu berucksichtigen ist. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die unmittelbaren Prozessrechner bzw. leittechnisch gepragten Schnittstellen nicht isoliert von denen des Betriebsreglements gesehen werden durfen, da beispielsweise die Eindeutigkeit von Handlungsanweisungen in einem Betriebshandbuch davon abhangt, dass eine zuverlassige Zuordnung an der unmittelbaren Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle moglich wird. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel von Warten in deutschen Kernkraftwerken, wie diese Mensch(en)-System-Integration sich insbesondere im Hinblick auf die "soziale Dimension" darstellt. Ferner wird eine erste Einsicht v.a. auf den Bereich der Normen/Richtlinien und die angrenzende anwendungsnahe Forschung hinsichtlich direkt operationalisierbarer und uberprufbarer Regeln/Anforderungen zu dieser Thematik vermittelt.
Assessment of the First Commercial ELISA Kit for the Diagnosis of Theileria annulata

The present study assesses the efficacy of SVANOVIR Theileria annulata-Ab, the first commercial ELISA kit for the diagnosis of Theileria annulata infection in cattle based on a recombinant protein known as T. annulata surface protein (TaSp). As a reference test, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay depending on T. annulata merozoite surface antigen (Tams-1) was applied. A total of 468 blood samples as well as serum samples were randomly collected from cattle and tested in the PCR as well as in the ELISA developed in this study. Moreover, all samples were also analyzed by conventional Giemsa-stained blood smear. The results of this study revealed a good correlation between the results obtained by PCR and the ELISA, whereas all PCR positive samples scored correctly positive in the ELISA and 73 of the 125 PCR negative samples scored correctly negative. Taken together, a sensitivity of 91.25% and a specificity of 78.4% were recorded, when compared to the PCR data. In conclusion, the SVANOVIR Theileria annulata-Ab is a suitable diagnostic assay for use in the diagnosis and epidemiological surveys of Theileria annulata infection in chronic and carrier animals.
Tamp: A Library for Compact Deep Neural Networks with Structured Matrices

We introduce Tamp, an open source C++ library for reducing the space and time costs of deep neural network models. In particular, Tamp implements several recent works which use structured matrices to replace unstructured matrices which are often bottlenecks in neural networks. Tamp is also designed to serve as a unified development platform with several supported optimization back-ends and abstracted data types. This paper introduces the design and API and also demonstrates the effectiveness with experiments on public datasets.