Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of lunar topography : impact cratering and surface roughness

This work seeks to understand past and present surface conditions on the Moon using two different but complementary approaches: topographic analysis using high-resolution elevation data from recent spacecraft missions and forward modeling of the dominant agent of lunar surface modification, impact cratering. The first investigation focuses on global surface roughness of the Moon, using a variety of statistical parameters to explore slopes at different scales and their relation to competing geological processes. We find that highlands topography behaves as a nearly self-similar fractal system on scales of order 100 meters, and there is a distinct change in this behavior above and below approximately 1 km. Chapter 2 focuses this analysis on two localized regions: the lunar south pole, including Shackleton crater, and the large mare-filled basins on the nearside of the Moon. In particular, we find that differential slope, a statistical measure of roughness related to the curvature of a topographic profile, is extremely useful in distinguishing between geologic units. Chapter 3 introduces a numerical model that simulates a cratered terrain by emplacing features of characteristic shape geometrically, allowing for tracking of both the topography and surviving rim fragments over time. The power spectral density of cratered terrains is estimated numerically from model results and benchmarked against a 1-dimensional analytic model. The power spectral slope is observed to vary predictably with the size-frequency distribution of craters, as well as the crater shape. The final chapter employs the rim-tracking feature of the cratered terrain model to analyze the evolving size-frequency distribution of craters under different criteria for identifying "visible" craters from surviving rim fragments. A geometric bias exists that systematically over counts large or small craters, depending on the rim fraction required to count a given feature as either visible or erased.
Research on optimized deployment methods for indoor UWB base stations based on three-dimensional spatial analysis

Ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning technology is prone to be obscured by various objects in indoor complex environments and generates non-line-of-sight errors (NLOS). In view of the current situation that there are few studies on how to deploy UWB in indoor complex environments to ensure positioning accuracy while minimizing the use of UWB base stations and saving costs, this study generates positioning ranges based on AGV tracking routes; divides positioning ranges based on UWB positioning ranges to generate basic UWB deployment points; analyzes blind areas of UWB signals through threedimensional spatial analysis technology; encrypts and deploys UWB base stations for blind areas; and analyzes the rationality of dense deployment points through three-dimensional spatial analysis technology. Finally, through simulation experiment, a scientific and reasonable base station deployment process is provided for UWB deployment in indoor complex environment.
A New Virtual Network Topology-Based Digital Twin for Spatial-Temporal Load-Balanced User Association in 6G HetNets

Dynamically associating distributed mobile users with proper base stations in 6G heterogeneous networks (HetNets) becomes critical to achieve both diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements of all users and entire network performance. However, the significantly increased complexity of matching the irregularly distributed users and base stations as well as highly dynamic network traffic often cause unbalanced spatial-temporal loads for multi-tier base stations during user association. To overcome this challenge, we propose a new virtual network topology-based digital twin to reduce the complexity of load-balanced user association in 6G HetNets. During the digital twin construction stage, instead of using highly dynamic low-level physical layer attributes (e.g., channel conditions and SINR), we intentionally consider more stable and relevant communication performance indicators and physical statistics to effectively reflect both real-time link quality and overall network dynamics. To assist overall network operation, fast update of the digital twin for HetNets is achieved by adopting principal component analysis to discover specific network areas with changes. To improve the overall QoS provisioning and network performance, the proposed virtual topology-based digital twin is further utilized to predict the spatial-temporal dynamics of HetNets for more balanced user association by bipartite graph matching. Simulation results show that the proposed method can construct effective digital twins and support load-balanced user association with maximized network-wide QoS satisfaction.
Postpartum Depression Among Mothers of Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization of newborn babies has been shown to have a negative impact on the mental health of postpartum women. The mental health of new mothers may be further burdened by the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on social, economic, and psychological dimensions. This study aimed to evaluate postpartum depression and related factors in mothers of infants hospitalized in NICU during two distinct COVID-19 pandemic periods and examine any additional effects of the pandemic on the mental health of postpartum women. Methodology The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was applied to 250 NICU mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first 125 women’s children were hospitalized during a period of high number of cases and deaths when restrictions were in place for NICU parental visits (November 2021 to February 2022, the early group). The remaining 125 women completed the scale when there was a lower number of cases and restrictions had been eased (March to June 2022, the late group). Results In the early group, the EPDS scores were statistically higher (7.53.9 vs. 5.63.4; p < 0.001), smoking and NICU stay duration were significantly higher (p = 0.01), whereas the duration of marriage was significantly lower (p = 0.01). Women in the late group with EPDS scores ≥13 were statistically less educated (p = 0.01). EPDS scores ≥13 were significantly associated with depression during pregnancy and with a history of abortion/stillbirth/neonatal death (odds ratio (OR) = 5.240, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.114 to 27.967, p = 0.03 and OR = 1.641, 95% CI = 1.009 to 2.669, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions NICU admission is a significant maternal risk factor for postpartum depression due to the disruption of maternal-infant bonding, and this risk may be exacerbated during times of global public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression during pregnancy and the presence of a perinatal loss may also contribute to worse postpartum mental outcomes in NICU mothers.
Reconstructing the North Atlantic atmospheric circulation in the 16th

A cargo container comprises a rigid walled structure within which is a movable shield. A flexible corrugated sleeve is connected peripherally to the shield and to a fixed rigid wall of the container to form an expansible vessel. The fixed rigid wall and/or the shield has a peripheral channel with a constricted opening which receives one end of the sleeve and an inflatable member which retains said one end in the channel to form a fluidtight seal. The sleeve has flexible tie belts to cause smooth uniform extension of the sleeve on movement of the shield. The shield can be locked in a number of positions relative to the rigid walled structure. The rigid walls support the sleeve against internal pressure and protect it from external damaging influences.
Automatic Refractive Error Estimation Using Deep Learning-Based Analysis of Red Reflex Images

Purpose: We evaluate how a deep learning model can be applied to extract refractive error metrics from pupillary red reflex images taken by a low-cost handheld fundus camera. This could potentially provide a rapid and economical vision-screening method, allowing for early intervention to prevent myopic progression and reduce the socioeconomic burden associated with vision impairment in the later stages of life. Methods: Infrared and color images of pupillary crescents were extracted from eccentric photorefraction images of participants from Choithram Hospital in India and Dargaville Medical Center in New Zealand. The pre-processed images were then used to train different convolutional neural networks to predict refractive error in terms of spherical power and cylindrical power metrics. Results: The best-performing trained model achieved an overall accuracy of 75% for predicting spherical power using infrared images and a multiclass classifier. Conclusions: Even though the model’s performance is not superior, the proposed method showed good usability of using red reflex images in estimating refractive error. Such an approach has never been experimented with before and can help guide researchers, especially when the future of eye care is moving towards highly portable and smartphone-based devices.
Young consumers’ Perceptions of AI-Powered in-Car Personalized Services in a Growing Market for Smart Cars

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has induced personalized services that augment consumers’ in-car experience, aid their decision-making, and help delegate their tasks based on their needs, choices, and history. Although these services have many advantages, their adoption is unknown in the growing smart car market. This study examines consumer perceptions of AI-powered personalized services in cars in India. A literature review is carried out to identify consumer perceptions as determinants from previous personalization studies and a conceptual framework is formulated by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data is collected using a questionnaire-based survey and is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results show that “perceived usefulness” and “perceived ease of use” are significant consumer adoption factors. “Perceived risks” significantly weakened their relationship on “behavioral intention”. This study provides practical recommendations to policymakers for protecting consumers’ personal data, to car OEMs for designing useful and easy-to-use services not only in luxury cars but also in the mainstream segment, and to marketers for building promotional strategies and advertisements targeting young consumers of the growing market.
Pilot home zone schemes: summary of the schemes

Home zones are residential areas designed with streets to be places for people, instead of just for motor traffic. The nine pilot home zone schemes are in Ealing (London), Lambeth (London), Leeds, Manchester, Magor Village (Wales), Nottingham, Peterborough, Plymouth and Sittingbourne (Kent). Although the home zone sites chosen are very different both in scale and type, none has particularly high vehicle flows and most have few accidents. Home zones are not principally safety schemes but more aimed at improving the quality of life. TRL was commissioned by the Department for Transport (DfT) to assess the effectiveness of the pilot home zone schemes in achieving the aims of home zones. As part of this process, TRL carried out 'before' and 'after' monitoring including: interview surveys with adults and children; collection of traffic flow, traffic speed and accident data; video recording; air quality measurements and noise surveys. The 'before' surveys were carried out in 2000 and the 'after' surveys between 2002 and 2004. 'After' surveys were not carried out at the Lambeth and Peterborough schemes because the works were not completed on site within the monitoring period of this project. Therefore this report brings together the results from seven of the nine zones. (A)
Exosomes Derived from Hypoxia-Cultured Human Adipose Stem Cells Alleviate Articular Chondrocyte Inflammaging and Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Progression

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease. Inflammaging, linking inflammation and aging, is found in senescent cells with the secretions of matrix-degrading proteins and proinflammatory cytokines. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) plays a very important role in OA progression. However, there remains no effective way to suppress OA progression, especially by suppressing inflammaging and/or the chondrocyte SASP. Recent studies have shown that exosomes derived from hypoxia-cultured BMSCs can regenerate cartilage in OA animal models. Some reports have further indicated that exosomes secreted from MSCs contribute to the efficacy of MSC therapy in OA. However, whether hypoxia-cultured ADSC-secreted exosomes (hypoxia-ADSC-Exos) can alleviate the chondrocyte SASP or OA progression remains unclear. Accordingly, we hypothesized that hypoxia-ADSC-Exos have a beneficial effect on the normal functions of human articular chondrocytes (HACs), can attenuate the SASP of OA-like HACs in vitro, and further suppress OA progression in rats. Hypoxia-ADSC-Exos were derived from ADSCs cultured in 1% O2 and 10% de-Exo-FBS for 48 h. The molecular and cell biological effects of hypoxia-ADSC-Exos were tested on IL1-β-induced HACs as OA-like HACs in vitro, and the efficacy of OA treatment was tested in ACLT-induced OA rats. The results showed that hypoxia-ADSC-Exos had the best effect on GAG formation in normal HACs rather than those cultured in normoxia or hypoxia plus 2% de-Exo-FBS. We further found that hypoxia-ADSC-Exos alleviated the harmful effect in OA-like HACs by decreasing markers of normal cartilage (GAG and type II collagen) and increasing markers of fibrous or degenerative cartilage (type I or X collagen), matrix degradation enzymes (MMP13 and ADAMT5), and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6). More importantly, intra-articular treatment with hypoxia-ADSC-Exos suppressed OA progression, as evidenced by the weight-bearing function test and cartilage GAG quantification in ACLT rats. Moreover, through NGS and bioinformatic analysis, seven potential miRNAs were found in hypoxia-ADSC-Exos, which may contribute to regulating cellular oxidative stress and attenuating cell senescence. In summary, we demonstrated that hypoxia-ADSC-Exos, carrying potent miRNAs, not only improve normal HAC function but also alleviate HAC inflammaging and OA progression. The results suggest that hypoxia-ADSC-Exo treatment may offer another strategy for future OA therapy.
Biofilm-Forming Capacity and Drug Resistance of Different Gardnerella Subgroups Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infection of the lower reproductive tract among women of reproductive age. Recurrent infections and antibiotic resistance associated with biofilms remain significant challenges for BV treatment. Gardnerella species are commonly found in women with and without BV, indicating that genetic differences among Gardnerella isolates may distinguish pathogenic from commensal subgroups. This study isolated 11 Gardnerella strains from vaginal samples obtained from women with BV before or after treatment. The biofilm formation ability of each strain was examined by crystal violet staining. Eight strains were selected using phylogenetic analysis of the cpn60 sequences and classified as subgroups A (6/8), B (1/8), and D (1/8). The biofilm formation ability and antibiotic resistance profile of these strains was compared among the subgroups. Subgroup D had the strongest biofilm formation ability. Six of the planktonic strains exhibited resistance to the first-line BV drug, metronidazole, and one to clindamycin. Moreover, biofilm formation in vitro increased strain resistance to clindamycin. Two strains with strong biofilm ability, S20 and S23, and two with weak biofilm ability, S24 and S25, were selected for comparative genomic analysis. S20 and S23 were found to contain four key genes associated with biofilm formation and more genes involved in carbohydrate synthesis and metabolism than S24 and S25. Identifying differences in the expression of virulence factors between Gardnerella subgroups could inform the development of novel treatments for BV.
Extracts of Dunkelfelder Grape Seeds and Peel Increase the Metabolic Rate and Reduce Fat Deposition in Mice Maintained on a High-Fat Diet

Chronic high-fat diet intake may induce obesity and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. The pomace of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is rich in polyphenols, which are candidates for anti-obesity therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Dunkelfelder grape seed extract (GSE) and grape peel extract (GPE) on lipid and energy metabolism disorders in mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). Male nine-week C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups, namely, the normal chow diet (ND), HFD, HFD plus GSE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage, or HFD plus GPE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage. There were eight mice per group, and the experiment was 14 weeks in duration. The results showed that GSE and GPE treatments did not affect energy intake in mice on a high-fat diet, but body weight gain was 24.5% and 17.3% lower in the GSE- and GPE-treated mice than in the HFD group, respectively. They also decreased blood triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood glucose levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, GSE and GPE reduced adipose tissue weight and excessive lipid droplet accumulation in the adipocytes. The metabolic chamber test showed that the GSE and GPE treatments enhanced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and heat release while decreasing the respiratory exchange rate (RER). This suggests that GSE and GPE augmented fuel oxidation and energy generation and increased the proportion of lipids being utilized in energy metabolism. GSE and GPE also upregulated the genes controlling lipolysis and downregulated those controlling lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Moreover, they significantly increased the expression levels of the genes regulating thermogenesis in BAT, eWAT, and iWAT, and mitochondrial biogenesis in all three types of adipose tissue. In conclusion, the present study empirically demonstrated that GSE and GPE enhance body fat utilization by augmenting lipid and energy metabolism and could, therefore, ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity.
Does Prehospital Suspicion of Sepsis Shorten Time to Administration of Antibiotics in the Emergency Department? A Retrospective Study in One University Hospital

Early treatment is the mainstay of sepsis therapy. We suspected that early recognition of sepsis by prehospital healthcare providers may shorten the time for antibiotic administration in the emergency department. We retrospectively evaluated all patients above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with sepsis or severe infection in our emergency department between 2018 and 2020. We recorded the suspected diagnosis at the time of presentation, the type of referring healthcare provider, and the time until initiation of antibiotic treatment. Differences between groups were calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test. Of the 277 patients who were diagnosed with severe infection or sepsis in the emergency department, an infection was suspected in 124 (44.8%) patients, and sepsis was suspected in 31 (11.2%) patients by referring healthcare providers. Time to initiation of antibiotic treatment was shorter in patients where sepsis or infection had been suspected prior to arrival for both patients with severe infections (p = 0.022) and sepsis (p = 0.004). Given the well-described outcome benefits of early sepsis therapy, recognition of sepsis needs to be improved. Appropriate scores should be used as part of routine patient assessment to reduce the time to antibiotic administration and improve patient outcomes.
Fractional powers of the Stokes operator with boundary conditions involving the pressure

Since the pioneer work of Leray [21] and Hopf [15], Stokes and Navier-Stokes problems have been often studied with Dirichlet boundary condition. Nevertheless, in the opinion of engineers and physicists such a condition is not always realistic in industrial and applied problems of origin. Thus arises naturally the need to carry out a mathematical analysis of these systems with different boundary conditions, which best represent the underlying fluid dynamic phenomenology. Based on the study of the complex and fractional powers of the Stokes operator with pressure boundary condition, we carry out a systematic treatment of the Stokes problem with the corresponding boundary conditions in Lp-spaces. Keyword. Stokes Problem, pressure boundary conditions, Complex and fractional powers of operators. MSC[2008] 35B65, 35D30, 35D35, 35K20, 35Q30, 76D05, 76D07, 76N10.
Fast synthesis of Hcy-modified Au nanoclusters under microwave-assisted irradiation and their response to Cu (II) ions

Abstract In this work, Cu (II) ion was chosen as an analyte because it is an important trace element in the human body to maintain organism health. AuNCs (gold nanoclusters) with a mean diameter of ∼2 nm were prepared by a microwave-assisted method, using homocysteine (Hcy) as a reducer and stabilizer. The optimal sample showed a red emission peaking at 624 nm with an emission quantum yield of 17.1%, which was assigned as a ligand to metal nanoparticle core charge transfer (LMNCT). This red emission was effectively quenched by Cu (II) but immune to competing metal cations and anions, showing good selectivity. The quenching mechanism was found as the Cu (II) quenching on the LMNCT procedure to AuNCs. The primary advantage of Hcy-modified AuNCs was the easy and quick synthetic procedure, along with acceptable sensing performance, including good selectivity, linear response, and wide working region. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Investigation into Polyphenol Profile and Biological Activities of Enriched Persimmon/Apple Smoothies during Storage

Smoothies are becoming an increasingly popular product as a healthy alternative to snacks. The consumer expects from this product that, apart from its nutritional value, it will also be qualitatively stable during storage. Therefore, in this study, original smoothies obtained with persimmon fruit puree and apple juice (Dk/Md) enriched with Arbutus unedo fruits, Myrtus communis purple berry extract, Acca sellowiana, and Crocus sativus petal juice were evaluated for their polyphenol composition, antioxidant activity, and inhibition on targeted digestive enzymes, over six months of storage. The amount of polyphenols evaluated by UPLC-PDA analysis decreased in six months from 23.5% for both Dk/Md and enriched C. sativus smoothies to 42.5% for enriched A. sellowiana, with anthocyanins the most sensitive compounds (71.7–100% loss). Values of antioxidant assays generally strongly decreased during the first three months (up to ca. 60%) and to a lesser extent in the following three months (0.4–27%). In addition, inhibitory activity on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase, especially on the last two enzymes, was negatively affected by time storage. The outcome of this study indicates that persimmon fruit is a good option for producing smoothies, and enrichment with other plant extracts can enhance the bioactive compound content and biological activities. It is recommended that appropriate storage strategies to preserve the properties of those smoothies should be developed.