Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROBING WHIM AROUND GALAXY CLUSTERS WITH FAST RADIO BURSTS AND THE SUNYAEV–ZEL’DOVICH EFFECT

We propose a new method to probe the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) beyond the virial radius (R200) of a cluster of galaxies, where X-ray observations are not easily achievable. In this method, we use dispersion measures (DMs) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) that appear behind the cluster and the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect toward the cluster. The DMs reflect the density of the intracluster medium including the WHIM. If we observe a sufficient number of FRBs in the direction of the cluster, we can derive the density profile from the DMs. Similarly, we can derive the pressure profile from the SZ effect. By combining the density and the pressure profiles, the temperature profile can be obtained. Based on mock observations of nearby clusters, we find that the density of the WHIM will be determined even at from the cluster center when FRB observations with the Square Kilometre Array become available. The temperature can be derived out to , and the radius is limited by the current sensitivity of SZ observations.
Perfect localization on flat-band binary one-dimensional photonic lattices

The existence of flat bands is generally thought to be physically possible only for dimensions larger than one. However, by exciting a system with different orthogonal states this condition can be reformulated. In this work, we demonstrate that a one-dimensional binary lattice supports always a trivial flat band, which is formed by isolated single-site vertical dipolar states. These flat band modes correspond to the highest localized modes for any discrete system, without the need of any aditional mechanism like, e.g., disorder or nonlinearity. By fulfilling a specific relation between lattice parameters, an extra flat band can be excited as well, with modes composed by fundamental and dipolar states that occupy only three lattice sites. Additionally, by inspecting the lattice edges, we are able to construct analytical Shockley surface modes, which can be compact or present staggered or unstaggered tails. We believe that our proposed model could be a good candidate for observing transport and localization phenomena on a simple one-dimensional linear photonic lattice.
Hierarchical configurations for cross-correlation interferometers with many elements

Array configurations built on a hierarchy of simple elements have excellent properties for cross-correlation imaging interferometers including a smooth distribution of measured Fourier components, high angular resolution, low side lobes, and compact array size. Compared to arrays with a Gaussian distribution of antenna separations, hierarchical arrays (H-arrays) produce beams with higher angular resolution and a tighter concentration of the total power (encircled energy) within a smaller area around the main beam. An attractive feature of H-arrays is their simplicity. The relationships between the Fourier coverage and the array configuration are easy enough to understand that they can be adjusted to achieve different design goals without the need for numerical optimization. H-arrays will be useful for future multi-element interferometers.
High spatial resolution spectroscopy of G292.0+1.8 with Chandra

We present high spatial resolution X-ray spectroscopy of supernova remnant G292.0+1.8 made with Chandra observations. The X-ray emitting region of this remnant was divided into 25×25 pixels with a scale of 20″ ×20″ each. Spectra of 328 pixels were created and fitted with an absorbed one component non-equilibrium ionization model. With the spectral analysis results, we obtained maps of absorbing column density, temperature, ionization age and abundances for O, Ne, Mg, Si, S and Fe. The abundances of O, Ne and Mg show tight correlations between each other in the range of about two orders of magnitude, suggesting that they are all from explosive C/Ne burning. Meanwhile, the abundances of Si and S are also well correlated, indicating that they are the ashes of explosive O-burning or incomplete Si-burning. The Fe emission lines are not prominent in the whole remnant, and their abundance is significantly reduced, indicating that the reverse shock may not have propagated to the Fe-rich ejecta. Based on relative abundances of O, Ne, Mg, Si and Fe to Si, we suggest a progenitor mass of 25 – 30 M⊙ for this remnant.
Construction of white-light holographic screens

Abstract In this paper we describe one setup employed for the recording of two types of holographic screens that can be used in white-light applications. We show how to obtain holographic screens with areas up to 1370 cm 2 and diffraction efficiency of 17%. We analyze the holographic screens in their relevant aspects as to focal lengths, theoretical approach, sizes and diffraction efficiencies specifying when each type is appropriate for particular applications.PACS 090.0090 090.1970 090.2890Keywords: holography, holographic screen, three-dimensional imaging 1. Introduction The holographic screen 1 is a diffractive optical element (DOE) constructed by holographic techniques in order to obtain the highest directionality such that one projected image can be seen in strictly one direction, while many images can be seen projected simultaneously. It is primarily a holographically-made lens where the vertical and/or horizontal observer's field is extended, allowing for a more comfortable posture of the observer. The term “holographic screen” is used sometimes in a popular way to designate translucent screens that are used for image projections which produce a phantasmagoric two-dimensional image at the plane of the screen. These screens can be holographically constructed or by other methods. The holographic screens that we will describe here are
Disorder effects in the quantum Hall effect of graphene p-n junctions

The quantum Hall effect in graphene $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}n$ junctions is studied numerically with emphasis on the effect of disorder at the interface of two adjacent regions. Conductance plateaus are found to be attached to the intensity of the disorder and are accompanied by universal conductance fluctuations in the bipolar regime, which is in good agreement with theoretical predictions of the random matrix theory on quantum chaotic cavities. The calculated Fano factors can be used in an experimental identification of the underlying transport character.
Characteristics of breeders and maintenance management in improving the productivity of Balinese pigs as Bali germplasm in Gerokgak District, Buleleng Regency

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics, behavior of breeders and rearing management as well as analyze and find the relationship between characteristics and behavior with the level of application Bali pig farm maintenance management. This research was conducted in Gerokgak District, Buleleng Regency in June-August 2022. Purposive sampling (with certain considerations). Sampling as respondents were 100 Balinese pig breeders with the criteria of maintaining one to two broods and at least having kept them for one year. Sampling using the "Snowball Sampling" method. The analysis used is quantitative descriptive analysis and Spearman rank level correlation test. The level of implementation of Balinese pig rearing management is in the good category. Descriptive research results Management, production management with an average weaning age of 67.65 ±5.4 days, reproductive management in good category. The results of the correlation test for the Spearman rank level.
Phase stability of ternary fcc and bcc Fe-Cr-Ni alloys

The phase stability of fcc and bcc magnetic binary Fe-Cr, Fe-Ni, Cr-Ni alloys and ternary Fe-Cr-Ni alloys is investigated using a combination of density functional theory (DFT), Cluster Expansion (CE) and Magnetic Cluster Expansion (MCE). Energies, magnetic moments, and volumes of more than 500 alloy structures are evaluated using DFT, and the most stable magnetic configurations are compared with experimental data. Deviations from the Vegard law in fcc Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, associated with non-linear variation of atomic magnetic moments as functions of alloy composition, are observed. Accuracy of the CE model is assessed against the DFT data, where for ternary alloys the cross-validation error is smaller than 12 meV/atom. A set of cluster interaction parameters is defined for each alloy, where it is used for predicting new ordered alloy structures. Fcc Fe2CrNi phase with Cu2NiZn-like structure is predicted as the global ground state with the lowest chemical ordering temperature of 650K. DFT-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used for assessing finite temperature fcc-bcc phase stability and order-disorder transitions in Fe-Cr-Ni alloys. Enthalpies of formation of ternary alloys calculated from MC simulations at 1600K combined with magnetic correction derived from MCE are in excellent agreement with experimental values measured at 1565K. Chemical order is analysed, as a function of temperature and composition, in terms of the Warren-Cowley short-range order (SRO) parameters and effective chemical pairwise interactions.
Exploring the Attitudes of Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia towards Plagiarism Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore the attitudes towards plagiarism among pharmacy students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on pharmacy students at King Saud University in Riyadh to assess their attitudes towards plagiarism. The questionnaire consists of 27 items on a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, and strongly agree) that assess three attitudes about plagiarism (positive and negative attitudes, as well as subjective norms). Results: A total of 415 pharmacy students took part in this research. Among the whole sample, 55.7% were male, and 44.3% were female. The findings demonstrated a moderately positive attitude towards plagiarism (30 ± 6) and subjective standards (29 ± 7) as well as a moderate negative attitude (22 ± 5). About 26.5% of students did not believe that they worked in a plagiarism-free workplace, and 45.3% of students believed that self-plagiarism should not be punished in the same way as plagiarism. Conclusions: The overall attitudes of pharmacy students were positive. Training in medical writing and research ethics in the undergraduate and graduate pharmacy curricula is mandatory.
Cumulative Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Damage Agents on Lodgepole Pine Tree Form and Stand Structure in Southern British Columbia

Not all pests kill trees or compromise final tree form; however, the cumulative effect of one or more damage agents over time can significantly limit final expectations at harvest, severely reducing or compromising wood quality and timber supply expectations going forward. This study highlights the effects of damage agents on young lodgepole pine insouthern British Columbia during the formative years of stand development. Over 4,300ntrees were monitored for up to three decades with over 40 damage agents recorded, causing significant repercussions on stocking, health, and form of potential crop trees. By the final assessment, density of potential crop trees had declined dramatically, with 84% affectedby one or more pests, and 63% of natural ingress dead. Most natural ingress was severely suppressed; thus, it is unlikely to fill in stand gaps caused by mortality and damage agents affecting larger potential crop trees. Lodgepole pine terminal weevil and western gall rust were the predominant damage agents influencing form and quality of potential crop trees. Lodgepole pine terminal weevil attacked up to 73% of pine and over 24% suffered multiple attacks. Results from this study emphasize the need for more short- and long-term monitoring of young stands to inform the development of forest policy and promote healthy, resilient new forests. KEYWORDS: lodgepole pine, damage agents, lodgepole pine terminal weevil, western gall rust, Southern British Columbia
Infrared singularities in Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory

We present a more detailed picture of the infrared regime of Landau-gauge Yang-Mills theory. This is done within a novel framework that allows one to take into account the influence of finite scales within an infrared power counting analysis. We find that there are two qualitatively different infrared fixed points of the full system of Dyson-Schwinger equations. The first extends the known scaling solution, where the ghost dynamics is dominant and gluon propagation is strongly suppressed. It features in addition to the strong divergences of gluonic vertex functions in the previously considered uniform scaling limit, when all external momenta tend to zero, also weaker kinematic divergences, when only some of the external momenta vanish. The second solution represents the recently proposed decoupling scenario where the gluons become massive and the ghosts remain bare. In this case we find that none of the vertex functions is enhanced, so that the infrared dynamics is entirely suppressed. Our analysis also provides a strict argument why the Landau-gauge gluon dressing function cannot be infrared divergent.
Thermodynamic Casimir force: A Monte Carlo study of the crossover between the ordinary and the normal surface universality class

We study the crossover from the ordinary to the normal surface universality class in the three-dimensional Ising universality class. This crossover is relevant for the behavior of films of binary mixtures near the demixing point and a weak adsorption at one or both surfaces. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the improved Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice. We consider systems with film geometry, where various boundary conditions are applied. We discuss corrections to scaling that are caused by the surfaces and their relation with the so called extrapolation length. To this end we analyze the behavior of the magnetization profile near the surfaces of films. We obtain an accurate estimate of the renormalization group exponent y_{h_1}=0.7249(6) for the ordinary surface universality class. Next we study the thermodynamic Casimir force in the crossover region from the ordinary to the normal surface universality class. To this end, we compute the Taylor-expansion of the crossover finite size scaling function up to the second order in h_1 around h_1=0, where h_1 is the external field at one of the surfaces. We check the range of applicability of the Taylor-expansion by simulating at finite values of h_1. Finally we study the approach to the strong adsorption limit h_1 \rightarrow \infty. Our results confirm the qualitative picture that emerges from exact calculations for stripes of the two-dimensional Ising model, [D. B. Abraham and A. Maciolek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 055701 (2010)], mean-field calculations and preliminary Monte Carlo simulations of the 3D Ising model, [T. F. Mohry et al, Phys. Rev. E 81, 061117 (2010)]: For certain choices of h_1 and the thickness of the film, the thermodynamic Casimir force changes sign as a function of the temperature and for certain choices of the temperature and h_1, it also changes sign as a function of the thickness of the film.
Entropy Accumulation With Improved Second-Order Term

The entropy accumulation theorem states that the smooth min-entropy of an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-partite system <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$A = (A_{1}, \ldots, A_{n})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is lower-bounded by the sum of the von Neumann entropies of suitably chosen conditional states up to corrections that are sublinear in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This theorem is particularly suited to proving the security of quantum cryptographic protocols, and in particular so-called device-independent protocols for randomness expansion and key distribution, where the devices can be built and preprogrammed by a malicious supplier. However, while the bounds provided by this theorem are optimal in the first order, the second-order term is bounded more crudely, in such a way that the bounds deteriorate significantly when the theorem is applied directly to protocols where parameter estimation is done by sampling a small fraction of the positions, as is done in most QKD protocols. The objective of this paper is to improve this second-order sublinear term and remedy this problem. On the way, we prove various bounds on the divergence variance, which might be of independent interest.
Policy improvement in dynamic programming

Policy improvement has a long history and is the essential element in dynamic programming. The general categories of policy improvement can be divided into four aspects including: heuristic methods, approximation methods, sampling methods and numerical improvement. Paralleling with the classic policy improvement methods, several variant tools are also introduced including Lambda Policy, Path Integral, High Confidence in Policy Improvement and Finite Sample Analysis for SARSA in linear function. Moreover, the introductions of those policy improvement methods, evaluation, and comparison between them are illustrated in this paper. There are totally three perspectives where this paper dissects the evaluation from training speed, sampling efficiency and methods ability.
High-Frequency and Type-C QPOs from Oscillating, Precessing Hot, Thick Flow

Motivated by recent studies showing an apparent correlation between the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and the low-frequency, type-C QPO in low-mass, black hole X-ray binaries (LMXBs), we explore a model that explains all three QPOs in terms of an oscillating, precessing hot flow in the truncated-disk geom etry. Our model favors attributing the two high-frequency QPOs, often occurring in a near 3:2 frequency ratio, to the breathing and vertical epicyclic frequency modes of the hot, thick flow , although we can not rule out the Keplerian and m =−1 radial epicyclic modes. In either case, the type-C QPO is attributed to precession. The correlation of the QPOs comes from the fact that all three frequencies are associated with the same geometrical structure. While the exact QPO frequencies are sensitive to the black hole mass and spin, their evolution over the course of an outburst is mainly tied to the truncation radius between the geometrically thin, optically thick disk and the inner, hot flow. We show that, in the case of the LMXB GRO J1655-40, this model can explain the one simultaneous observation of all three QPOs and that an extrapolation of the model appears to match lower frequency observations where only two of the three components are seen. Thus, this model may be able to unify multiple QPO observations using the properties of a single, simple, geometrical model.
THE FATE OF MOONS OF CLOSE-IN GIANT EXOPLANETS

We show that the fate of moons of a close-in giant planet is mainly determined by the migration history of the planet in the protoplanetary disk. As the planet migrates in the disk from beyond the snow line toward a multi-day period orbit, the formed and forming moons become unstable as the planet's sphere of influence shrinks. Disk-driven migration is faster than the moons’ tidal orbital evolution. Moons are eventually ejected from around close-in exoplanets or forced into collision with them before tides from the planet affect their orbits. If moons are detected around close-in exoplanets, they are unlikely to have been formed in situ, instead they were captured from the protoplanetary disk on retrograde orbits around the planets.
On the origin of facular brightness

This paper studies the dependence of the CaIIH line core brightness on the strength and inclination of photospheric magnetic field, and on the parameters of convective and wave motions in a facular region at the solar disc center. We use three simultaneous datasets obtained at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife): (1) spectra of BaII 4554 A line registered with the instrument TESOS to measure the variations of intensity and velocity through the photosphere up to the temperature minimum; (2) spectropolarimetric data in FeI 1.56 $\mu$m lines (registered with the instrument TIP II) to measure photospheric magnetic fields; (3) filtergrams in CaIIH that give information about brightness fluctuations in the chromosphere. The results show that the CaIIH brightness in the facula strongly depends on the power of waves with periods in the 5-min range, that propagate upwards, and also on the phase shift between velocity oscillations at the bottom photosphere and around the temperature minimum height, measured from BaII line. The CaIIH brightness is maximum at locations where the phase shift between temperature and velocity oscillations lies within 0-100 degrees. There is an indirect influence of convective motions on the CaIIH brightness. Namely, the higher is the amplitude of convective velocities and the larger is the height where they change their direction of motion, the brighter is the facula. Altogether, our results lead to conclusions that facular regions appear bright not only because of the Wilson depression in magnetic structures, but also due to real heating.
Novel and simple description for a smooth transition from $\alpha$-cluster wave functions to $jj$-coupling shell model wave functions

We propose an improved version of Antisymmetrized Quasi-Cluster Model (AQCM) to describe a smooth transition from the $\alpha$-cluster wave function to the $jj$-coupling shell model wave function and apply it to the ground state of $^{12}$C. The cluster-shell transition in $^{12}$C is characterized in AQCM by only two parameters: $R$ representing the distance between $\alpha$ clusters and the center of mass, and $\Lambda$ describing the break of $\alpha$ clusters. The optimal AQCM wave function for the ground state of $^{12}$C is an intermediate state between the three-$\alpha$ cluster state and the shell model state with the $p_{3/2}$ subshell closure configuration. The result is consistent with that of the Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics (AMD), and the optimal AQCM wave function quantitatively agrees with the AMD one, although the number of degrees of freedom in AQCM is significantly fewer.
Error models in quantum computation: An application of model selection

Threshold theorems for fault-tolerant quantum computing assume that errors are of certain types. But how would one detect whether errors of the "wrong" type occur in one's experiment, especially if one does not even know what type of error to look for? The problem is that for many qubits a full state description is impossible to analyze, and a full process description is even more impossible to analyze. As a result, one simply cannot detect all types of errors. Here we show through a quantum state estimation example (on up to 25 qubits) how to attack this problem using model selection. We use, in particular, the Akaike Information Criterion. The example indicates that the number of measurements that one has to perform before noticing errors of the wrong type scales polynomially both with the number of qubits and with the error size.
Lusin Area Function and Molecular Characterizations of Musielak-Orlicz Hardy Spaces and Their Applications

Lusin Area Function and Molecular Characterizations of Musielak-Orlicz Hardy Spaces and Their ApplicationsLet $\varphi: \mathbb R^n\times [0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)$ be a growth function such that $\varphi(x,\cdot)$ is nondecreasing, $\varphi(x,0)=0$, $\varphi(x,t)>0$ when $t>0$, $\lim_{t\to\infty}\varphi(x,t)=\infty$, and $\varphi(\cdot,t)$ is a Muckenhoupt $A_\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weight uniformly in $t$. In this paper, the authors establish the Lusin area function and the molecular characterizations of the Musielak-Orlicz Hardy space $H_\varphi(\mathbb{R}^n)$ introduced by Luong Dang Ky via the grand maximal function. As an application, the authors obtain the $\varphi$-Carleson measure characterization of the Musielak-Orlicz ${\mathop\mathrm{BMO}}$-type space $\mathop\mathrm{BMO}_{\varphi}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, which was proved to be the dual space of $H_\varphi(\mathbb{R}^n)$ by Luong Dang Ky.