Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthetic dielectric material for broadband-selective absorption and reflection

This invention relates to material for broadband-selected absorption and reflection of electromagnetic waves for all frequencies below optical (hereinafter referred to as RF) using dilute concentrations of metallic particles suspended in a lightweight dielectric for such applications as radar cross section suppressors, microwave heat exchangers, plasma generators, transformation of RF energy into thermal optical energy, shields for RF discharge devices, etc., and lightweight RF broadband reflecting material for such applications as radar reflectors, broadband antennas with prescribed or variable gain pattern, optically transparent RF shields, EMI shields and RF filters. Such absorptive material is useful in antenna-communication links (low elevation angles), RF microwave laboratory insulation, EMI absorptive shields. Such reflective material is useful for satellite antennas, communication links, cable television, shielding electronic computers, computer games, microwave ovens commercial RF microwave laboratory shielding and in high RF energy discharge technology in industrial research and development.
LED-to-LED visible light communication networks

Visible Light Communication (VLC) with Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) as transmitters and receivers enables low bitrate wireless adhoc networking. LED-to-LED VLC adhoc networks with VLC devices communicating with each other over free-space optical links typically achieve a throughput of less than a megabit per second at distances of no more than a few meters. LED-to-LED VLC adhoc networks are useful for combining a smart illumination with low-cost networking. We present and evaluate a software-based VLC physical layer and a VLC medium access control layer that retain the simplicity of the LED-to-LED approach. The design satisfies the requirement that LEDs should always be perceived as on with constant brightness. In each VLC device, in addition to an LED, only a low-cost microcontroller is required for handling the software-based communication protocol. The results of our performance measurements confirm recent claims about the potential of LED-to-LED VLC adhoc networks as a useful technology for sensor networks, smart and connected consumer devices, and the Internet-of-Things.
Glycine receptor heterogeneity in rat spinal cord during postnatal development.

Two different isoforms of the inhibitory glycine receptor were identified during postnatal development of rat spinal cord. A neonatal form characterized by low strychnine binding affinity, altered antigenicity, and a ligand binding subunit differing in mol. wt (49 kd) from that of the adult receptor (48 kd) predominates at birth (70% of the total receptor protein). Separation from the adult form could be achieved by either use of a selective antibody or glycine gradient elution of 2‐aminostrychnine affinity columns. Both isoforms co‐purify with the mol. wt 93 kd peripheral membrane protein of the postsynaptic glycine receptor complex.
Extensions to RIP to Support Demand Circuits

Running routing protocols on connection oriented Public Data Networks, for example X.25 packet switched networks or ISDN, can be expensive if the standard form of periodic broadcasting of routing information is adhered to. The high cost arises because a connection has to all practical intents and purposes be kept open to every destination to which routing information is to be sent, whether or not it is being used to carry user data.
Rationally designed dehydroalanine (ΔAla)‐containing peptides inhibit amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide aggregation

Among the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides, primarily Aβ (1–40) and Aβ (1–42), in the brain as senile plaques. A large body of evidence suggests that cognitive decline and dementia in AD patients arise from the formation of various aggregated forms of Aβ, including oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils. Hence, there is increasing interest in designing molecular agents that can impede the aggregation process and that can lead to the development of therapeutically viable compounds. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the specifically designed α,β‐dehydroalanine (ΔAla)‐containing peptides P1 (K‐L‐V‐F‐ΔA‐I‐ΔA) and P2 (K‐F‐ΔA‐ΔA‐ΔA‐F) to inhibit Aβ (1–42) aggregation. The mechanism of interaction of the two peptides with Aβ (1–42) seemed to be different and distinct. Overall, the data reveal a novel application of ΔAla‐containing peptides as tools to disrupt Aβ aggregation that may lead to the development of anti‐amyloid therapies not only for AD but also for many other protein misfolding diseases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 456–465, 2009.
Childhood leg length and adult mortality: follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between childhood height, its components--leg length and trunk length--and mortality in adulthood. DESIGN: Cohort study based on the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of diet and health in pre-war Britain, 1937-9. SETTING: The 14 centres in England and Scotland that participated in the Carnegie Survey and where children were examined. Scottish centres: Aberdeen, Dundee, West Wemyss, Coaltown of Wemyss, Hopeman, Methlick, Tarves, Barthol Chapel. English Centres: Liverpool, York-shire, Barrow in Furness, Wisbech, Fulham, and Bethnal Green. SUBJECTS: 2990 boys and girls aged between 2 years and 14 years 9 months when they were examined in 1937-9. These children were drawn from 1134 families who underwent a one week assessment of family diet and home circumstances. Of these, 2547 (85%) have been traced and flagged using the NHS Central Register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age adjusted overall, coronary heart disease, and cancer mortality in men and women in relation to age and sex specific z scores for height, leg length, and trunk length. All analyses were adjusted for the possible confounding effects of childhood and adult socioeconomic circumstances and childhood diet. RESULTS: Leg length was the component of childhood height most strongly associated with socioeconomic and dietary exposures. There was no significant relation between childhood height and overall mortality. Height-mortality relations were observed in relation to both coronary heart disease (CHD) and cancer. Leg length was the component of height most strongly related to cause specific mortality. In men and women CHD mortality increased with decreasing childhood leg length. Men in the lowest leg length quintile had a relative risk (RR) of 2.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 6.2) compared to those with the longest legs (linear trend p = 0.14). Similarly, women in the lowest leg length quintile had a RR of 3.9 (95% CI 0.8 to 19.0; linear trend p < 0.01). Adjustment for childhood and adult socioeconomic circumstances had little effect on these trends. In men, but not women, those who as children had long legs experienced increased cancer mortality. The significant relations between anthropometry and both CHD and cancer mortality were restricted to those aged < 8 years when measured. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that adverse diet and living conditions in childhood, for which leg length seems to be a particularly sensitive indicator, are associated with increased risk of CHD in adulthood and possibly reduced cancer risk. It is likely that these influences operate after birth, during the first few years of life.
"Prioritizing positivity: An effective approach to pursuing happiness?": Correction to Catalino, Algoe, & Fredrickson (2014).

In the article “Prioritizing Positivity: An Effective Approach to Pursuing Happiness? ” by Lahnna I. Catalino, Sara B. Algoe, and Barbara L. Fredrickson (Emotion, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 1155– 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038029), there was an error in the first paragraph of the Materials subsection, “Prioritizing positivity. ” from the Method section. The first paragraph, the 11th line should have read, “Because four of the items were negatively skewed, the items were transformed by squaring them (Kline, 1998). ”
Disambiguating Main POS tags for Turkish

This paper presents the results of main part-of-speech tagging of Turkish sentences using Conditional Ran- dom Fields (CRFs). Although CRFs are applied to many different languages for part-of-speech (POS) tagging, Turkish poses interesting challenges to be modeled with them. The challenges include issues related to the statistical model of the problem as well as issues related to computational complexity and scaling. In this paper, we propose a novel model for main-POS tagging in Turkish. Furthermore, we pro- pose some approaches to reduce the computational complexity and allow better scaling characteristics or improve the performance without increased complexity. These approaches are discussed with respect to their advantages and disadvantages. We show that the best approach is competitive with the current state of the art in accuracy and also in training and test durations. The good results obtained imply a good first step towards full morphological disambiguation.
The S15 Self-Incompatibility Haplotype in Brassica oleracea Includes Three S Gene Family Members Expressed in Stigmas

Self-incompatibility in Brassica is controlled by a single, highly polymorphic locus that extends over several hundred kilobases and includes several expressed genes. Two stigma proteins, the S locus receptor kinase (SRK) and the S locus glycoprotein (SLG), are encoded by genes located at the S locus and are thought to be involved in the recognition of self-pollen by the stigma. We report here that two different SLG genes, SLGA and SLGB, are located at the S locus in the class II, pollen-recessive S15 haplotype. Both genes are interrupted by a single intron; however, SLGA encodes both soluble and membrane-anchored forms of SLG, whereas SLGB encodes only soluble SLG proteins. Thus, including SRK, the S locus in the S15 haplotype contains at least three members of the S gene family. The protein products of these three genes have been characterized, and each SLG glycoform was assigned to an SLG gene. Evidence is presented that the S2 and S5 haplotypes carry only one or the other of the SLG genes, indicating either that they are redundant or that they are not required for the self-incompatibility response.
1 Transistor Circuits for MEMS Based Transceiver Final Report

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. Abstract In recent years, the push for low power wireless sensor networks has called for the introduction of RF-MEMS transceiver devices capable of operating on scavenged power. The
Knowledge-based prehension: capturing human dexterity

A major question facing the development of sophisticated robotics systems is how to capture the functionality seen in versatile living systems. An approach that has proven useful in designing complex systems is to capture the explicit constraints in a knowledge based system. A knowledge-based planning system under development is reported which attempts to capture the versatility of human prehension. The goal is to model the relationship between perceptual and motor systems in human prehension as well as to develop a knowledge-based grasp planner able to control sophisticated, dextrous robot hands. <<ETX>>
Proportional-integral extremum seeking for vapor compression systems

In this paper, we optimize vapor compression system power consumption through the application of a newly-developed proportional-integral extremum seeking controller (PI-ESC) that converges at the same timescale as the process. This method modifies the control law to include terms proportional to the estimated gradient, but this modification of the control law requires a more sophisticated gradient estimator in order to avoid bias. We develop a PI-ESC for which this bias is eliminated. PI-ESC is applied to the problem of compressor discharge temperature setpoint selection for a vapor compression system where setpoints are automatically determined so that power consumption is minimized. The vapor compression system operates with a regulating feedback controller configured to drive the compressor discharge temperature to setpoints selected by the PI-ESC, and we use a physics-based simulation model to demonstrate that power consumption is minimized dramatically faster than by traditional perturbation-based methods.
A Gentle Introduction to Soar, an Architecture for Human Cognition.

Abstract : Many intellectual disciplines contribute to the field of cognitive science: psychology, linguistics, anthropology, and artificial intelligence, to name just a few. Cognitive science itself originated in the desire to integrate expertise in these traditionally separate disciplines in order to advance our insight into cognitive phenomena - phenomena like problem solving, decision making, language, memory, and learning. Each discipline has a history of asking certain types of questions and accepting certain types of answers. And that, according to Allen Newell, a founder of the field of artificial intelligence, is both an advantage and a problem.
Environmental factors associated with disordered weight-control behaviours among youth: a systematic review

Abstract Objective Environmental factors may be very important in the development of disordered weight-control behaviours (DWCB) among youth, yet no study to date has conducted a review that synthesizes these findings. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review existing literature on environmental influences on DWCB among youth and to identify conceptual and methodological gaps in the literature. Design Systematic review. Setting Studies were identified through a systematic search using PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar and secondary references. Inclusion criteria included observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 1994 to 2012 that examined environmental exposure(s) associated with DWCB among youth. Subjects Ninety-three studies, the majority of which utilized a cross-sectional design (75 %; n 70), were identified. Longitudinal studies’ follow-up time ranged from 8 months to 10 years. Results Parental, peer and media influences have been extensively studied as factors associated with DWCB among youth. Fewer studies have examined behavioural settings (i.e. homes, schools, neighbourhoods) or sectors of influence other than the media on DWCB. No studies utilized multilevel methods to parse out environmental influences on DWCB. Most studies (69 %, n 64) did not explicitly utilize a theory or model to guide the research. Conclusions Findings indicate that exploring a wider range of environmental influences on DWCB, specifically behavioural settings and sectors of influence, using diverse study samples and multilevel methodology is needed to advance the field and to inform the design of comprehensive prevention programmes that target DWCB and other weight-related behaviours.
Protein levels in beef cattle finishing diets: industry application, university research, and systems results.

Consulting nutritionists were surveyed to determine current formulation and management practices for finishing beef cattle. Among the six consultants surveyed, percentage of CP in finishing diets ranged from 12.5 to 14.4%, with urea levels ranging from . 5 to 1.5% of DM. Finishing diets were based primarily on highly processed, rapidly fermented grains (steam-flaked and high-moisture grain), with roughage levels ranging from 3 to 11% of DM. All six consultants considered feed bunk management to be a critical factor affecting feed intake and performance; five of the six consultants used aggressive implant programs based on estrogen + trenbolone acetate. Recent university research was reviewed with respect to CP level and source in finishing diets. Finishing cattle managed on aggressive implant programs seem to respond to higher levels of CP better than would be expected from the factorial calculation approach. Moreover, improvements in performance noted in recent research seemed to be more consistent when supplemental CP was derived from ruminally degraded vs undegraded sources. Calculation of protein requirements with a metabolizable protein (MP) system yielded estimates of protein needs by finishing cattle that agreed more closely with current industry practices than did calculation based on the factorial method. The difference between the MP system and the factorial method was primarily a result of accounting for microbial N needs in the MP system. Reasons for production responses to CP levels that are greater than those calculated by the factorial method include increased accretion of protein by rapidly growing, implanted cattle, particularly during the initial phase of the finishing period, alleviation of a microbial N deficiency, and ruminal and systemic effects of ruminally degraded N on acid-base balance of beef cattle fed rapidly fermented, high-grain diets. Reasons for production responses to supplemental CP need further research.
On the Optimality of the Median Cut Spectral Bisection Graph Partitioning Method

Recursive spectral bisection (RSB) is a heuristic technique for finding a minimum cut graph bisection. To use this method the second eigenvector of the Laplacian of the graph is computed and from it a bisection is obtained. The most common method is to use the median of the components of the second eigenvector to induce a bisection. We prove here that this median cut method is optimal in the sense that the partition vector induced by it is the closest partition vector, in any ls norm, for $s\ge1$, to the second eigenvector. Moreover, we prove that the same result also holds for any m-partition, that is, a partition into m and (n-m)$ vertices, when using the mth largest or smallest components of the second eigenvector.
Host diversity begets parasite diversity: bird final hosts and trematodes in snail intermediate hosts

An unappreciated facet of biodiversity is that rich communities and high abundance may foster parasitism. For parasites that sequentially use different host species throughout complex life cycles, parasite diversity and abundance in ‘downstream’ hosts should logically increase with the diversity and abundance of ‘upstream’ hosts (which carry the preceding stages of parasites). Surprisingly, this logical assumption has little empirical support, especially regarding metazoan parasites. Few studies have attempted direct tests of this idea and most have lacked the appropriate scale of investigation. In two different studies, we used time-lapse videography to quantify birds at fine spatial scales, and then related bird communities to larval trematode communities in snail populations sampled at the same small spatial scales. Species richness, species heterogeneity and abundance of final host birds were positively correlated with species richness, species heterogeneity and abundance of trematodes in host snails. Such community-level interactions have rarely been demonstrated and have implications for community theory, epidemiological theory and ecosystem management.
Biogenic Matter Diagenesis on the Sea Floor: A Comparison Between Two Continental Margin Transects

Benthic chamber measurements of the reactants and products involved with biogenic matter diagenesis (oxygen, ammonium, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, TCOP, alkalinity) were used to define fluxes of these solutes into and out of the sediments off southern and central California. Onshore to offshore transects indicate many similarities in benthic fluxes between these regions. The pattern of benthic organic carbon oxidation as a function of water depth, combined with published sediment trap records, suggest that the supply of organic carbon from vertical rain can just meet the sedimentary carbon oxidation + burial demand for the central California region between the depths 100-3500 m. However, there is not enough organic carbon raining through the upper water column to support its oxidation and burial in the basins off southern California. Lateral transport and focusing of refractory carbon within these basins is proposed to account for the carbon buried. The organic carbon burial efficiency is greater off southern California (40-60%) compared to central California (2-20%), even though carbon rain rates are comparable. Oxygen uptake rates are not sensitive to bottom water oxygen concentrations nor to the bulk wt. % organic carbon in surficial sediments. Nitrate uptake rates are well defined by the depth of oxygen penetration into the sediments and the overlying water column nitrate concentration. Nitrate uptake accounts for about 50% of the total denitrification taking place in shelf sediments and denitrification (0. l-l .O mmolN/m*d) occurs throughout the entire study region. The ratio of carbon oxidized to opal dissolved on the sea floor is constant (0.8 t 0.2) through a wide range of depths, supporting the hypothesis that opal dissolution kinetics may be dominated by a highly reactive phase. Sea floor carbonate dissolution is negligible within the oxygen minimum zone and reaches maximal rates
Lapping Process of Diamond Cutting Tool by Molecular Dynamics Simulating

Molecular dynamics is a rapidly developing field of science and has become an established tool for studying the dynamic behavior of material machining. A three-dimensional molecular dynamics (MD) model about the atoms of the diamond cutting tools and the diamond grits is built by using the molecular dynamics. The Tersoff potential function is used to calculate the force and potential energy among the atoms of the diamond tools and the atoms of the diamond grits. The lapping processes at a special cutting depth are simulated. The variety of the specimen potential energy in the lapping process is observed. The mechanism of the diamond micro machining and the form of the surface formation are given by comparing the distribution maps of atoms in initial and cutting states. This study will give a strong support to the diamond cutting tools’ lapping.
Predicting the Multisensory Consequences of One’s Own Action: BOLD Suppression in Auditory and Visual Cortices

Predictive mechanisms are essential to successfully interact with the environment and to compensate for delays in the transmission of neural signals. However, whether and how we predict multisensory action outcomes remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the existence of multisensory predictive mechanisms in a context where actions have outcomes in different modalities. During fMRI data acquisition auditory, visual and auditory-visual stimuli were presented in active and passive conditions. In the active condition, a self-initiated button press elicited the stimuli with variable short delays (0-417ms) between action and outcome, and participants had to detect the presence of a delay for auditory or visual outcome (task modality). In the passive condition, stimuli appeared automatically, and participants had to detect the number of stimulus modalities (unimodal/bimodal). For action consequences compared to identical but unpredictable control stimuli we observed suppression of the blood oxygen level depended (BOLD) response in a broad network including bilateral auditory and visual cortices. This effect was independent of task modality or stimulus modality and strongest for trials where no delay was detected (undetected<detected). In bimodal vs. unimodal conditions we found activation differences in the left cerebellum for detected vs. undetected trials and an increased cerebellar-sensory cortex connectivity. Thus, action-related predictive mechanisms lead to BOLD suppression in multiple sensory brain regions. These findings support the hypothesis of multisensory predictive mechanisms, which are probably conducted in the left cerebellum.