Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-Supervised Learning for Low-Cost Personalized Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Using Unsupervised Deep Learning and Single-Lead Electrocardiogram

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder that can lead to a wide range of health issues if left untreated. This study aims to address the lack of research on personalized models for single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)-based OSA detection, by proposing an automatic semi-supervised algorithm for automated low-cost personalization fine-tuning. Methods: We utilize a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based auto-encoder (AE) with a modified training objective to detect anomalous region of OSA. An indicator based on model outputs is utilized as a benchmark measure to assign pseudo-labels with confidence to each sample. Finally, we perform validation of the semi-supervised algorithm on the same database and cross-database scenarios. Results: By introducing semi-supervised personalization, the accuracy, AUC, and mean absolute error (MAE) of the general model (GM) of 35 subjects from the same database are improved from 86.3%, 0.915, and 5.178 to 90.3%, 0.948, and 2.593. Simultaneously, in the validation of 25 subjects from a cross-database, the accuracy, AUC, and MAE of the GM are enhanced from 75.6%, 0.800, and 9.149 to 84.3%, 0.881, and 3.509. Conclusion: The improved version of AE demonstrates excellent adaptability in identifying abnormal features in OSA, employing a data-driven approach to assign pseudo-labels for unknown data automatically. Additionally, leveraging the pseudo-labels through a semi-supervised fine-tuning strategy provides a solution to overcome the limitation of clinical annotations, facilitating low-cost implementation of personalized models. Significance: The semi-supervised approach proposed in this article provides a high-performance and annotation-free solution for personalized adjustment of automatic OSA detection.
Adverse drug events caused by three high‐risk drug–drug interactions in patients admitted to intensive care units: A multicentre retrospective observational study

Knowledge about adverse drug events caused by drug–drug interactions (DDI‐ADEs) is limited. We aimed to provide detailed insights about DDI‐ADEs related to three frequent, high‐risk potential DDIs (pDDIs) in the critical care setting: pDDIs with international normalized ratio increase (INR+) potential, pDDIs with acute kidney injury (AKI) potential, and pDDIs with QTc prolongation potential.
Resilient Reinforcement in Secure State Estimation Against Sensor Attacks With A Priori Information

Recent control systems severe depend on information technology infrastructures, especially the Internet of things (IoT) devices, which create many opportunities for the interaction between the physical world and cyberspace. Due to the tight connection, however, cyber attacks have the potential to generate evil consequences for the physical entities, and therefore, securing control systems is a vital issue to be addressed for building smart societies. To this end, this paper especially deals with the state estimation problem in the presence of malicious sensor attacks. Unlike the existing work, in this paper, we consider the problem with a priori information of the state to be estimated. Specifically, we address three prior knowledge—the sparsity information, $ (\alpha, \bar{n}_0)$-sparsity information, and side information, and in each scenario, we show that the state can be reconstructed even if more sensors are compromised. This implies that the prior information reinforces the system resilience against malicious sensor attacks. Then, an estimator under sensor attacks considering the information is developed and, under a certain condition, the estimator can be relaxed into a tractable convex optimization problem. Further, we extend this analysis to systems in the presence of measurement noises, and it is shown that the prior information reduces the state-estimation error caused by the noise. The numerical simulations in a diffusion process finally illustrate the reinforcement and error-reduction results with the information.
Tunable electronic and optical properties of ferroelectric WS2/Ga2O3 heterostructures

To integrate two-dimensional (2D) materials into van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) is regarded as an effective strategy to achieve multifunctional devices. The vdWHs with strong intrinsic ferroelectricity is promising for applications in the design of new electronic devices. The polarization reversal transitions of 2D ferroelectric Ga2O3 layers provide a new approach to explore the electronic structure and optical properties of modulated WS2/Ga2O3 vdWHs. The WS2/Ga2O3↑ and WS2/Ga2O3↓ vdWHs are designed to explore possible characteristics through the electric field and biaxial strain. The biaxial strain can effectively modulate the mutual transition of two mode vdWHs in type II and type I band alignment. The strain engineering enhances the optical absorption properties of vdWHs, encompassing excellent optical absorption properties in the range from infrared to visible to ultraviolet, ensuring promising applications in flexible electronics and optical devices. Based on the highly modifiable physical properties of the WS2/Ga2O3 vdWHs, we have further explored the potential applications for the field-controlled switching of the channel in MOSFET devices.
The Impact of a Short-Term Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Biomarkers of Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

Endurance exercise can disturb intestinal epithelial integrity, leading to increased systemic indicators of cell injury, hyperpermeability, and pathogenic translocation. However, the interaction between exercise, diet, and gastrointestinal disturbance still warrants exploration. This study examined whether a 6-day dietary intervention influenced perturbations to intestinal epithelial disruption in response to a 25-km race walk. Twenty-eight male race walkers adhered to a high carbohydrate (CHO)/energy diet (65% CHO, energy availability = 40 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1) for 6 days prior to a Baseline 25-km race walk. Athletes were then split into three subgroups: high CHO/energy diet (n = 10); low-CHO, high-fat diet (LCHF: n = 8; <50 g/day CHO, energy availability = 40 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1); and low energy availability (n = 10; 65% CHO, energy availability = 15 kcal·kg FFM-1·day-1) for a further 6-day dietary intervention period prior to a second 25-km race walk (Adaptation). During both trials, venous blood was collected pre-, post-, and 1 hr postexercise and analyzed for markers of intestinal epithelial disruption. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration was significantly higher (twofold increase) in response to exercise during Adaptation compared to Baseline in the LCHF group (p = .001). Similar findings were observed for soluble CD14 (p < .001) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (p = .003), where postexercise concentrations were higher (53% and 36%, respectively) during Adaptation than Baseline in LCHF. No differences in high CHO/energy diet or low energy availability were apparent for any blood markers assessed (p > .05). A short-term LCHF diet increased intestinal epithelial cell injury in response to a 25-km race walk. No effect of low energy availability on gastrointestinal injury or symptoms was observed.
Utilisation of the Application of High Frequency Acoustics to Sediment Processes for Mine Burial Prediction

Abstract : Over the past decade, high frequency acoustics, 0.5 MHz-5 MHz, has made significant contributions to the measurement of nearbed sediment processes. The capability of acoustics to provide co-located high temporal and spatial resolution profiles of the bed forms, the hydrodynamics, and the suspended sediments, is providing new insights into the interactions and feedback mechanisms of sediment transport. Acoustic instrumented mines, AIM's, were developed that could utilize this concept of acoustics, formulated for sediment studies, and apply it to scour burial. The AIM's were designed to measure not only the behavior of the mine, is the roll, pitch, heading, and percentage burial, but also the near-field hydrodynamics, sediment movement and bedform changes, that cause the burial.
Absolute and Relative Risks of Kidney and Urological Complications in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

INTRODUCTION: The burden of kidney and urological complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We analyzed association between developing IBD (as a time-varying exposure) and relative risks of receiving diagnoses of chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), or kidney stones, and experiencing a clinically-relevant decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (CKD progression; composite of kidney failure or an eGFR decline ≥30%) in 1,682,795 individuals seeking healthcare in Stockholm, Sweden, during 2006–2018. We quantified 5- and 10-year absolute risks of these complications in a parallel matched cohort of IBD cases and random controls matched (1:5) on sex, age, and eGFR. RESULTS: During median 9 years, 10,117 participants developed IBD. Incident IBD was associated with higher risks of kidney-related complications compared with non-IBD periods: hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) was 1.24 (1.10–1.40) for receiving a CKD diagnosis and 1.11 (1.00–1.24) for CKD progression. For absolute risks, 11.8% IBD cases had a CKD event within 10-year. Of these, 6.4% received a CKD diagnosis, and 7.9% reached CKD progression. The risks of AKI (HR 1.97 [1.70–2.29]; 10-year absolute risk 3.6%) and kidney stones (HR 1.69 [1.48–1.93]; 10-year absolute risk 5.6%) were also elevated. Risks were similar in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. DISCUSSION: More than 10% of patients with IBD developed CKD within 10-year from diagnosis, with many not being identified through diagnostic codes. This, together with their elevated AKI and kidney stone risks, highlights the need of established protocols for kidney function monitoring and referral to nephrological/urological care for patients with IBD.
XCR1 expression distinguishes human conventional dendritic cell type 1 with full effector functions from their immediate precursors

Significance cDC1 are crucial for immune responses against tumors as well as viruses. Here, we found that human cDC1 consist of XCR1− and XCR1+ cells. On transcriptomic level, XCR1+ cDC1 show a more mature phenotype in the steady state than XCR1− cDC1. After TLR stimulation, only XCR1+ cDC1 can secret high amounts of inflammatory cytokines and elicit strong antiviral immune responses, while XCR1− cDC1 must first acquire XCR1 expression in a terminal differentiation step. Thus, XCR1 is a marker of terminally differentiated cDC1 that licenses the antiviral effector functions of human cDC1, while XCR1− cDC1 seem to represent a late immediate precursor of cDC1.
A Technological Approach to Improved Breastfeeding Rates and Self-Efficacy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Background: Breastfeeding confers significant maternal and infant benefits; however, breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal in the United States. A parent’s decision to breastfeed is influenced by non-modifiable and modifiable factors, including breastfeeding knowledge and self-efficacy. There is a positive correlation between high maternal self-efficacy and breastfeeding duration. Parents increasingly rely on technology for health information. Research Aim: To determine if a smartphone application affected maternal self-efficacy and breastfeeding exclusivity rates. Method: This study was a randomized, controlled pilot study examining the effect of an educational program, included in a smartphone application, on breastfeeding self-efficacy (assessed in postpartum Week 1 and Weeks 4–6) and breastfeeding rates (assessed in postpartum Weeks 4–6). Forty participants were recruited using block randomization to intervention (17 of 20 completed the study) and usual care (19 of 20 completed the study) groups. To examine the pre-test/post-test difference in the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form total scores, a change in score (post-intervention minus pre-intervention) was calculated for each parent. Result: The intervention group (phone application and usual care) showed greater change in self-efficacy scores (M = 7.6, SD = 7.8) compared to the control group (usual care; M = 1.2, SD = 3.7, p = .001). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was nearly twice as high in the intervention group as in the control group, but did not reach statistical significance (p = .093). Conclusion: The investigators found enhanced breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rates among postpartum women receiving a smartphone educational program in the first 6 weeks postpartum. Further studies on smartphone interventions will develop our understanding of this technology in improving breastfeeding rates.
Diagnostic utility of brain MRI in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis

Introduction: The diagnostic yield of brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. We performed both an independent single-center retrospective cohort study and a meta-analysis to assess the detection rate of secondary lesions on MRI in patients with spontaneous ICH. Patients and methods: In the retrospective cohort study, we examined 856 consecutive patients with spontaneous ICH. Brain MRI scans on admission and follow-up were assessed for secondary lesions. We also examined clinical and CT radiographic variables associated with secondary lesions in univariable analysis. In the meta-analysis we searched PubMed and EMBASE for articles investigating the secondary lesion detection rate on brain MRI in spontaneous ICH. Results: Of the 856 patients with ICH, 481 (56%) had at least one brain BRI performed [70 ± 14 years, 270 (56% male)]. 462 (54%) had an admission MRI and 138 (16%) had both admission and follow-up MRIs. The detection rate of secondary lesions on admission MRIs was 24/462 (5.2%). 4/127 (3.1%) patients with a negative admission MRI had a lesion identified on follow-up MRI. No clinical or radiographic variables were associated with a secondary lesion on MRI using univariable analysis. The meta-analysis included five studies total (four identified in the PubMed and EMBASE searches and our cohort study) comprising 1147 patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent brain MRI. The pooled detection rate of secondary lesions was 11% (95% CI: 7–16). Discussion and conclusion: No predictors of secondary lesion detection were identified in our cohort study. Prospective studies are required to better understand the diagnostic utility of MRI in spontaneous ICH.
Functional and spatial rewiring jointly generate convergent-divergent units in self-organizing networks

Self-organization through adaptive rewiring of random neural networks generates brain-like topologies comprising modular small-world structures with rich club effects, merely as the product of optimizing the network topology. In the nervous system, spatial organization is optimized no less by rewiring, through minimizing wiring distance and maximizing spatially aligned wiring layouts. We show that such spatial organization principles interact constructively with adaptive rewiring, contributing to establish the networks’ connectedness and modular structures. We use an evolving neural network model with weighted and directed connections, in which neural traffic flow is based on consensus and advection dynamics, to show that wiring cost minimization supports adaptive rewiring in creating convergent-divergent unit structures. Convergent-divergent units consist of a convergent input-hub, connected to a divergent output-hub via subnetworks of intermediate nodes, which may function as the computational core of the unit. The prominence of minimizing wiring distance in the dynamic evolution of the network determines the extent to which the core is encapsulated from the rest of the network, i.e., the context-sensitivity of its computations. This corresponds to the central role convergent-divergent units play in establishing context-sensitivity in neuronal information processing.
What Does the German Minimum Wage Do? The Impact of the Introduction of the Statutory Minimum Wage on the Composition of Low- and Minimum-Wage Labour

Abstract In this article, we examine structural changes in minimum wage and low wage labor following the introduction and first increase of the German minimum wage. Changes in the impact that workers face earning gross hourly wages below the minimum-wage or low-wage thresholds are identified by comparing individual, company and sectoral characteristics based on the Structure of Earnings Surveys (SESs) 2014 and 2018. The SES is a mandatory survey of companies that provides information on wages and working hours for approximately 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 companies across all industries. Using these rich data, we present the first systematic analysis of how structural changes in individual-, company-, and industry-level determinants affect minimum- and low-wage workers. Using descriptive analysis, we first summarize the changing pattern in jobs, companies, and industries after the introduction of minimum wage. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power at the individual, company, and industry levels in 2014 and 2018. Third, we perform logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the changing trends in having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. We conclude that the minimum wage had an elevator effect on minimum wage labor. However, compositional effects regarding the minimum-wage and low-wage workforce were evident in terms of individual and company factors. There was a selective redistribution of minimum wage employees into slightly higher wage ranges. Furthermore, convergence seems to have occurred predominantly among sectors, as their explanatory power for lower wages declined.
Varieties of Necessity Entrepreneurship – New Insights From Sub Saharan Africa

Necessity entrepreneurship (NE) describes the process of venturing a business out of need when alternative options are seemingly absent. Whereas prior research typically understands NE to be a homogenous construct, recent theorizing suggests the possibility of NE heterogeneity. In this paper we employ Sen’s capability approach to elicit NE variety. Using data gathered from 820 households in rural Tanzania, our cluster analysis generates four distinct types of NE that vary significantly regarding their entrepreneurial activities, determinants and outcomes. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of life satisfaction and reveal the role of choice in NE. Our study thereby advances a nuanced perspective of NE.
Hidden in (Virtual) Plain Sight: A Charter District’s Focus on Attendance During COVID-19

COVID-19 placed a significant burden on urban students of color and their families. Changing environmental, community, and schooling factors influenced students’ ability and desire to attend school regularly. To ensure that students would attend school, district and school leaders were challenged with creating school environments and cultures that would promote attendance and overall safety. This case study of a charter school district in Texas highlights how organizational commitment by leaders and desire to get students to attend school during the pandemic, was pivotal as the school was transitioning during uncertain times. Interviews with district and school leaders revealed that supports, resources, and integration of technology helped to influence student attendance and helped to create plans for safely reopening.
Innovation and elaboration on the avian tree of life

Widely documented, megaevolutionary jumps in phenotypic diversity continue to perplex researchers because it remains unclear whether these dramatic changes can emerge from microevolutionary processes. Here we tackle this question using new approaches for modeling multivariate traits to evaluate the magnitude and distribution of elaboration and innovation in the evolution of bird beaks. We find that elaboration, evolution along the major axis of phenotypic change, is common at both macro- and megaevo-lutionary scales whereas innovation, evolution away from the major axis of phenotypic change, is more prominent at megaevolutionary scales. Indeed, the major axis of phenotypic change among species beak shapes at megaevolutionary scales is an emergent property of innovation across clades. Our analyses suggest that the reorientation of phenotypes via innovation is a ubiquitous route for divergence that can arise through gradual change alone, opening up new avenues for evolution to explore.
Foxg1 bimodally tunes L1-mRNA and -DNA dynamics in the developing murine neocortex

Foxg1 masters telencephalic development via a pleiotropic control of its articulation. L1 is a large retrotransposon family expressed within CNS and suggested to contribute to its genomic plasticity. Foxg1 represses gene transcription, and L1 elements share putative Foxg1 binding motifs, suggesting the former might limit telencephalic expression (and activity) of the latter. We tested such prediction, in vivo as well as in engineered primary neural cultures, by loss- and gain-of-function approaches. We showed that Foxg1-dependent, transcriptional L1 repression specifically occurs in neopallial neuronogenic progenitors and post-mitotic neurons, where it is supported by specific changes in the L1 epigenetic landscape. Unexpectedly, we also found that Foxg1 physically interacts with L1-mRNA and positively impacts on neonatal neopallium L1-DNA content, antagonizing the retrotranscription-suppressing activity exerted by Mov10 and Ddx39a helicases. To our knowledge, Foxg1 is the first CNS patterning gene acting as a bimodal retrotransposon modulator, limiting and promoting L1 transcription and amplification, respectively, within a specific domain of the developing mouse brain.
Can “true bifurcation lesion” actually be regarded as an independent risk factor of acute side branch occlusion after main vessel stenting?: A retrospective analysis of 1,200 consecutive bifurcation lesions in a single center

True bifurcation lesion (TBL) is conventionally considered as a risk factor for acute side branch (SB) occlusion when using a single‐stent strategy to treat bifurcation lesions. The impact of TBLs on acute SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting was investigated.
THE RESEARCH OF GROUNDWATER TABLE LEVELS, INPUT OF HEAVY METALS AND CROWN CONDITION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS OF CROATIA

Istra`ivanja o{te}enosti kro{anja za razdoblje od 1995 do 2004 godine u Republici Hrvatskoj pokazao je daljnje pove}anje postotka zna~ajne o{te}enosti stabala svih vrsta. U usporedbi sa 2003. godinom zna~ajna o{te}enost stabala svih vrsta porasla je za 3,6 %, sa 23,2 % na 26,8 %. (sl. 15). Zna~ajna o{te}enost lista~a tako|er je u odnosu na prija{nju godinu porasla, i to za 3,5 %, sa 17,6% na 21,1 %. Postotak zna~ajne o{te}enosti kod ~etinja~a porastao je sa 46,8 % na 48,8 %. Iz prikupljenih podataka piezometarskog monitoringa diljem Hrvatske, mogu}e je ustanoviti kako na prostoru nizinskih {uma vlada trend izrazitog sni`enja podzemnih voda. Posebno je izra`ena pojava sezona s izrazito niskim vodostajima (1993., 2000. i 2003) u prethodnom desetlje}u, nakon kojeg se razdoblja do dana{nijih dana vodonosnici u pojedinim {umskim podru~jima jo{ nisu u dovoljnoj mjeri prihranili vodom. Utjecaj talo`enja te{kih metala vodom tj. ve}im rije~nim sustavima (Sava, Drava, Mura) istra`ivan na nekoliko lokaliteta daje pora`avaju}e rezultate {to se ti~e one~i{}enja, a naro~ito je to karakteristi~no za umjetne akumulacije gdje su hidrocentrale kao i za rijeku Dravu. Iz navedenih rezultata istra`ivanja, za cjelovito sagledavanje izlo`enosti {uma {tetnim utjecajima nu`no je osnivanje cjelovitog monitoringa za Hrvatsku principom mre`e opa`anja vode}i brigu o zastupljenosti svih {umskih zajednica.