Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Finite Elements Analysis Study of Warming Effect on Deboned Force for Embedded NiTinol Wire into Linear Low Density Polyethylene

This study presents the debonding propagation in single NiTi wire shape memory alloy into linear low-density polyethylene matrix composite the study of using the pull-out test. The aim of this study is to investigate the pull-out tests to check the interfacial strength of the polymer composite in two cases, with activation NiTinol wire and without activation. In this study, shape memory alloy NiTinol wire 2 mm diameter and linear fully annealed straight shape were used. The study involved experimental and finite element analysis and eventually comparison between them. This pull-out test is considered a substantial test because its results have a relation with behavior of smart composite materials. The pull-out test was carried out by a universal tensile test machine type (Laryee), load capacity (50 kN), and a test speed of 1mm/min. The finite elements modeling was performed by ANSYS V.15. The results of pull-out test showed that in the activation of NiTinol wire embedded in host matrix linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), the deboned force was about 74 N, but for the case without activation, it was about 106 N. Deboned shear stress for the case with activation was about 0.73 MPa, but for the case of without activation, it was about 1.05 MPa. ANSYS result for deboned shear stress in case with activation was about 0.8 MPa. As for the case of without activation, deboned shear stress was about 0.99 MPa. The activation of the ratio of deboned shear stress and deboned force decreased by 30.47% and 30.13%, respectively. The error ratio between experimental and ANSYS results was equal to 8% for the case with activation and 5.7% for the case without activation.
Servant Leadership: Setting the Stage for Empirical Research

Executive Summary Servant Leadership received attention in the popular press, but little empirical research exists to support the theory or the anecdotal evidence used in the popular press material. The authors of this paper present a model of servant leadership based on the variables of vision, influence, credibility, trust, and service identified in the academic and popular press literature. Other researchers are encouraged to engage in the empirical research activities required to advance this stream of literature to its next phase of maturation.
Leisure Experiences in Tourist Attractions: Exploring the Motivations of Local Residents

This study was conducted to explore leisure motivations with regard to tourist attractions. A survey of a convenience sample of residents of Melbourne, Australia, was conducted. The sample was then segmented based on the likelihood of visiting a cross-section of Melbourne's tourist attractions in the next 6 months. Analysis using Unger and Kernan's (1983) Subjective Leisure Scale (SLS) was then undertaken to explore whether there were differences across the segments in terms of their leisure motivations. The results highlight that, within this context, intrinsic satisfaction, perceived freedom and arousal emerged as stronger underlying dimensions of motivations to visit tourist attractions, rather than mastery, spontaneity and involvement. This information provides insights for marketers of tourist attractions with regard to what residents are seeking when they visit local tourist attractions. The information can be used to develop more positive experiences at tourist attractions for this important sector of the market.
A Membrane Reactor for the Solar Thermolysis of Co2 and H2o: A Thermodynamic and Experimental Analysis

Anthropogenic carbon emissions since the Industrial Revolution have changed the balance of the global carbon cycle to increase atmospheric concentrations of CO2 at unprecedented rates. To mitigate the consequences of these emissions, options for decarbonization of our energy system have become of paramount interest. However, the continued use of carbon-based fuels and their massive infrastructure remains attractive, especially for the transportation industry. Therefore, a body of research has emerged studying the conversion of CO2 and H2O to synthetic liquid fuels using renewable energy. Splitting CO2 or H2O in a solar thermochemical process utilizes the entire solar spectrum and provides a favorable path to the synthesis of solar fuels at high rates and efficiencies. The furthest-developed example of such a solar-driven process achieves the splitting of CO2 or H2O in a two-step redox cycle. However, the temperature/pressure swing commonly applied between reduction and oxidation steps incurs irreversible energy losses and severe material stresses. This work investigates continuous splitting of CO2 and/or H2O in a single-step into separate streams of CO and/or H2 and O2 under steady-state isothermal/isobaric conditions. This is accomplished using a solar-driven membrane reactor which enables selective, high-temperature separation of the products of thermolysis. Three membrane reactor configurations are considered with emphasis on the goal of splitting CO2, while also analyzing the splitting of H2O. The OxygenMembrane Reactor (OMR) contains an oxygen-permeable membrane that drives the thermolysis of CO2, H2O, or a mixture of both by removing O2 from the fuel components, CO and/or H2. Oxygen transport across the membrane is driven by an oxygen chemical potential gradient, created by reducing the partial pressure of O2 on one side of the membrane. The Hydrogen-Membrane Reactor (HMR) contains a hydrogen-permeable membrane that drives the net splitting of CO2 by removing H2 produced from thermolysis of H2O from one side of the membrane
Interspecies transduction of plasmids among Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis

Bacteriophage CP-51, a generalized transducing phage for Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis, mediates transduction of plasmid DNA. B. cereus GP7 harbors the 2.8-megadalton multicopy tetracycline resistance plasmid, pBC16. B. thuringiensis 4D11A carries pC194, the 1.8-megadalton multicopy chloramphenicol resistance plasmid. When phage CP-51 was propagated on these strains, it transferred the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistances to the nonvirulent Weybridge (Sterne) strain of B. anthracis, to B. cereus 569, and to strains of several B. thuringiensis subspecies. The frequency of transfer was as high as 10(-5) transductants per PFU. Tetracycline-resistant and chloramphenicol-resistant transductants contained newly acquired plasmid DNA having the same molecular weight as that contained in the donor strain. Antibiotic-resistant transductants derived from any of the three species were effective donors of plasmids to recipients from all three species.
Fat head: an analysis of head and neck insulation in the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)

SUMMARY Adult leatherback turtles are gigantothermic/endothermic when foraging in cool temperate waters, maintaining a core body temperature within the main body cavity of ca. 25°C despite encountering surface temperatures of ca. 15°C and temperatures as low as 0.4°C during dives. Leatherbacks also eat very large quantities of cold, gelatinous prey (medusae and pyrosomas). We hypothesised that the head and neck of the leatherback would have structural features to minimise cephalic heat loss and limit cooling of the head and neck during food ingestion. By gross dissection and analytical computed tomography (validated by ground truthing dissection) of an embalmed specimen we confirmed this prediction. 21% of the head and neck was occupied by adipose tissue. This occurred as intracranial blubber, encapsulating the salt glands, medial portions of the eyeballs, plus the neurocranium and brain. The dorsal and lateral surfaces of the neck featured thick blubber pads whereas the carotid arteries and jugular veins were deeply buried in the neck and protected laterally by blubber. The oesophagus was surrounded by a thick sheath of adipose tissue whereas the oropharyngeal cavity had an adipose layer between it and the bony proportion of the palate, providing further ventral insulation for salt glands and neurocranium.
Government Spending, Growth and Poverty in Rural India

"This research report on India addresses an important policy issue faced by policy-makers in many developing countries: how to allocate public funds more efficiently in order to achieve both growth and poverty-reduction goals in rural areas. This research is particularly important at a time when many developing countries are undergoing substantial budget cuts as part of macroeconomic reforms and adjustment. The econometric model employed in this research includes a broad range of government expenditure items. It traces their effects on productivity growth and poverty alleviation and ranks them, exploring the potential trade-offs and complementarities of the two goals. Of the various investments weighed, the report finds that investments in rural roads and agricultural research and development have the greatest impact, while government spending specifically targeted to poverty reduction such as rural development and employment pro rams have only modest effects. In the light of these results, many developing countries may want to take a second look at their policies for poverty reduction and growth. " (Forward by Per Pinstrup-Andersen)
Finite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifolds

Let M be a closed oriented three-manifold, whose prime decomposition contains no aspherical factors. We show that for any initial riemannian metric on M the solution to the Ricci flow with surgery, defined in our previous paper math.DG/0303109, becomes extinct in finite time. The proof uses a version of the minimal disk argument from 1999 paper by Richard Hamilton, and a regularization of the curve shortening flow, worked out by Altschuler and Grayson.
Rib fractures after percutaneous radiofrequency and microwave ablation of lung tumors: incidence and relevance.

PURPOSE To retrospectively identify the incidence and probable risk factors for rib fractures after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) of neoplasms in the lung and to identify complications related to these fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study. Study population was 163 patients treated with MWA and/or RFA for 195 lung neoplasms between February 2004 and April 2010. Follow-up computed tomographic images of at least 3 months were retrospectively reviewed by board-certified radiologists to determine the presence of rib fractures. Generalized estimating equations were performed to assess the effect that patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment parameters, and ablation zone characteristics had on development of rib fractures. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate patients' probability of rib fracture after ablation as a function of time. Clinical parameters (ie, pain in ribs or chest, organ damage caused by fractured rib) were evaluated for patients with confirmed fracture. RESULTS Rib fractures in proximity to the ablation zone were found in 13.5% (22 of 163) of patients. Estimated probability of fracture was 9% at 1 year and 22% at 3 years. Women were more likely than were men to develop fracture after ablation (P = .041). Patients with tumors closer to the chest wall were more likely to develop fracture (P = .0009), as were patients with ablation zones that involved visceral pleura (P = .039). No patients with rib fractures that were apparently induced by RFA and MWA had organ injury or damage related to fracture, and 9.1% (2 of 22) of patients reported mild pain. CONCLUSION Rib fractures were present in 13.5% of patients after percutaneous RFA and MWA of lung neoplasms. Patients who had ablations performed close to the chest wall should be monitored for rib fractures.
Generation of Self-Similar Time Series for Simulation Studies of Telecommunication Networks

It is generally accepted that self-similar processes may provide better models for teletraffic in modern telecommunication networks than Poisson processes. If stochastic self-similarity of teletraffic is not taken into account, it can lead to inaccurate conclusions about performance of networks. Thus, an important requirement for conducting simulation studies of networks is the ability to generate long synthetic self-similar sequences of incremental processes, to transform them into inter-event time intervals, and this should be done accurately and fast. A method for transformation of count processes into interevent processes proposed by Leroux and Hassan [14] is studied. A case study is discussed to show how long sequences are needed in steady-state simulation of queueing models with self-similar input processes. This is compared with simulation run lengths of the same queueing models fed by Poisson processes.
Tailoring surface patterns to direct the assembly of liquid crystalline materials

ABSTRACT Molecular ordering and the defect structures of a material play essential roles in its function and performance. Controlling molecular alignment and topological defects has been a cornerstone in the field of liquid crystalline (LC) materials. Here, we present an overview of different methods to tailor surface chemistry and surface topography in order to direct the assemblies of LCs, leading to complex morphologies of topological defects. We detail various top-down patterning techniques in specific LC systems, including small molecule nematic and smectic LCs, and LC polymers (LCPs), and their roles in discoveries of new phenomena, new materials, and new applications. We close the review with a prospective on the potential impact of the LC patterning efforts to fundamental understanding, advancement of new materials and new phenomena, and potential technological applications.
The relationship between skin conductance and self-reported stress : does the relationship exist and, if so, does it differ across different types of stressors?

In current stress research it is well acknowledged that acute psychological stress activates the endocrine-, physiological-, and psychological system. However, although this homeostatic process between these systems is often assumed, literature regarding this relationship is inconsistent. We proposed that these inconsistencies may be due to a lack of differentiation between different types of stressors. Therefore, the present study examined whether a relationship between the physiological-, and psychological system exists and, if so, whether this relationship differs, depending on whether a social-, environmental-, or cognitive stressor is used. 55 students took part in an experiment where they were confronted with the Sing-a-Song-Stress Test (SSST), a Noise Test and the Beauty Contest Game (BCG) while their skin conductance response (SCR) and self-reported stress were measured. Results indicated no overall correlation between relative increase in mean amplitude SCR and difference scores of self-reported stress. The environmental stressor showed a significant correlation between these systems but this correlation did not significantly differ from the correlations of the SSST and the BCG. Therefore, it cannot be answered if the relationship between the physiological-, and psychological system exists. The study did provide evidence that this relationship does not seem to vary across different types of stressors.
Trajectory piece-wise quasi-linear approximation of large non-linear dynamic systems

In this work we extend the trajectory piece-wise linear (TPWL) approximation of large, non-linear and input-affine dynamical systems to non-linear systems with non-linear input operators. The new technique is called the trajectory piece-wise quasi-linear (TPWQ) approximation. We explain the motivation for this technique in light of previously reported under-performance of the TPWL method and show that its a more general alternative, developing it is formulation and demonstrating its effectiveness in the process.
NEUROGENESIS: CLINICAL AND NEUROPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATES

Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in a constitutive manner under physiological circumstances within two regions: the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. Accumulating evidence has indicated the molecular mechanisms commonly underlying embryonic and adult neurogenesis. In the hippocampus, physical exercise and cognitive stimuli robustly increase the proliferation of precursor cells, whereas physical/psychosocial stress decreases the proliferation of newborn neurons. Thus, adult neurogenesis is intriguingly regulated by several genetic and environmental factors. In this review we first present a comprehensive view on Signaling pathways and transcription factor that are involved in mechanism of neurogenesis. And then we focus on regulation of neurogenesis and we consider the evidence that a regulation in neurogenesis underlies cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, Parkinson disease, Huntington‟s disease, Depression, Epilepsy, etc.
Determination of Local Constitutive Properties of Aluminum using Digital Image Correlation: A Comparative Study Between Uniform Stress and Virtual Fields

A proper understanding of material mechanical properties is important in designing and modelling of components. As a part of a study on the structural integrity, the Digital Image Correlation technique was used to obtain the full-field strain distribution during a tensile test of the specimens. In this study, the elastic and plastic properties of Al6061 alloy has been carried out using both the uniform stress method and the virtual fields method involving digital image correlation technique. In uniform stress methodology, full range stress–strain curves are obtained using the whole field strain measurement using Digital Image Correlation. Recently, the virtual fields method is gaining a lot of popularity in domain characterization as it is robust, accurate and faster. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, strength coefficient and strain hardening exponent are the parameters extracted using both uniform stress method and virtual fields method. The parameter variation obtained by both uniform stress method and the virtual fields method are compared very well. The Virtual Fields Method provides a theoretically sound basis for developing robust optimization constructs to estimate local material properties, including spatial variations in hardening exponent and strength coefficient. Due to various advantages associated with virtual fields method, it is generally recommended for material mechanical properties extraction.
PROPERTIES AND FLAVONOIDS CONTENT IN PROPOLIS OF SOME EXTRACTION METHOD OF RAW PROPOLIS Original Article

Objective: This research is aim to determine properties and flavonoids content of some solvent of extraction method of raw propolis Trigona sp from Sulawesi, Indonesia and to compare it with the ethanolic and water extracts. Methods: Propolis samples were extracted with water, ethanol, propylen glycol, olive oil, and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Flavonoids were determined using aluminum chloride and expressed as quercetine equivalent. Results: The highest yield was Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (18.33%), and the lowest yield was olive oil extract of propolis (14.06 %). The ethanol and water extract were gummy sticky whereas oil extract were gummy oily. The samples studied varied in colour, yellowish-brown to dark brown. The content of flavanoids in propolis ranged from 0.2 % (the olive oil extract) to 0.55% (the propylen extract). Conclusion: The propolis extract obtained with oil solvent have similar flavonoids content with ethanolic and water extract. So the VCO and Olive Oil can be used to extract raw propolis.
HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SPECIFIC CELLS IN PAGET's DISEASE OF THE VULVA

THOUGH the occurrence at other sites of a skin lesion similar to Paget’s disease of the nipple was noted by Paget himself in his original paper (1 874), it remained a somewhat nebulous entity till reviewed by Weiner in 1937. This author showed that the lesion had a specific histology and was confined to the apocrine areas, and he supported the view that it was related to an underlying carcinoma of the apocrine sweat glands in much the same way that Paget’s disease of the nipple is related to an underlying intra-duct carcinoma. Though 7 of the 16 cases accepted by Weiner were non-vulval, all but one of the cases we have found recorded since that date occurred in the vulva or in the perineal region of women: these are the cases of Miduno (1940), Traub (1943), Jeffcoate, Davie and Harrison (1944, Case II), Lubschitz (1944), Casper (1 948), Foraker and Miller (1 949), Di Prisco and Convit (1948), Ahumada (1950, quoted Huber et al.), Huber, Gardiner and Michel (1951, 3 cases), Sonck (1951), Vermenouze (1951), and Paget, Rowley and Woodcock (1954). Casper’s main case is a later report on Traub’s, but he adds a brief account of a second case, on which a promised report by Wager has not appeared. Though we have been unable to read Komori’s (1938) text, we find his photomicrographs unconvincing. Parsons and Lohlein (1943) record one case on the scrotum. A total of 15 cases has thus been added to Weiner’s 16. The majority of these authors have favoured Weiner’s views, but Jeffcoate et al., like Willis (1953), deny the specificity of the lesion. Our object in reporting one additional case is to draw attention to the finding of mucin in the characteristic cells of these lesions. While this paper was under preparation the appearance of Paget et al.’s paper, which mentions this finding for the first time (the material recorded by Eversole (1952) in his case (v.inf.) must surely have been glycogen) removed any claim we might have had to originality. Nevertheless, we believe that the evidence we can present for the constancy of the phenomenon, which may well give it diagnostic value, and the significance given to it by its relation to our earlier work on mucin in sweat gland tumours justifies our persevering in this report.