Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transitional Complexity of Social Insect Immunity

Genomic analyses between insects are often conducted by comparing host genomes to that of Drosophila. For honey bees, this led to the claim that the evolutionary transition to eusociality resulted in a reduction of immunity-related genes. Although this claim pervades the literature, contradictory evidence exists. Many genomic studies, however, are not comparable due to methodological differences, and only focus on the physiological aspect of the immune system, thus potentially missing other immunity components. We advocate more comprehensive comparative studies, as well as the analysis of insect-associated defensive microbiotas to improve our understanding of the complexity of social insect immunity.
Delft University of Technology The Last Line

Micro-clones are tiny duplicated pieces of code; they typically comprise only a few statements or lines. In this paper, we expose the “last line effect,” the phenomenon that the last line or statement in a micro-clone is much more likely to contain an error than the previous lines or statements. We do this by analyzing 208 open source projects and reporting on 202 faulty micro-clones.
Different interactomes for p70‐S6K1 and p54‐S6K2 revealed by proteomic analysis

S6Ks are major effectors of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, signaling for increased protein synthesis and cell growth in response to insulin, AMP/ATP levels, and amino acids. Deregulation of this pathway has been related to disorders and diseases associated with metabolism, such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. S6K family is composed of two main members, S6K1 and S6K2, which comprise different isoforms resulted from alternative splicing or alternative start codon use. Although important molecular functions have been associated with p70‐S6K1, the most extensively studied isoform, the S6K2 counterpart lacks information. In the present study, we performed immunoprecipitation assays followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of FLAG‐tagged p70‐S6K1 and p54‐S6K2 interactomes, after expression in HEK293 cells. Protein lists were submitted to CRAPome (Contaminant Repository for Affinity Purification) and SAINT (Significance Analysis of INTeractome) analysis, which allowed the identification of high‐scoring interactions. By a comparative approach, p70‐S6K1 interacting proteins were predominantly related to “cytoskeleton” and “stress response,” whereas p54‐S6K2 interactome was more associated to “transcription,” “splicing,” and “ribosome biogenesis. ” Moreover, we have found evidences for new targets or regulators of the S6K protein family, such as proteins NCL, NPM1, eIF2α, XRCC6, PARP1, and ILF2/ILF3 complex. This study provides new information about the interacting networks of S6Ks, which may contribute for future approaches to a better understanding of the mTOR/S6K pathway.
Sleep-Wake Cycling and Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism Among Critically Ill Neonates

Among adults, wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, compared to non-REM sleep, require higher overall brain metabolism, but in neonates analogous data are not available. Behavioral states with higher metabolic demand could increase vulnerability to hypoperfusion or hypoxia in the compromised neonatal brain. Using cerebral oximetry (near-infrared spectroscopy), and simultaneous polysomnography, we evaluated whether brain oxygen metabolism varies by sleep-wake state among critically ill newborns. For each of 10 infants, sleep-wake cycling was detectable and cerebral oximetry varied (P < .0001) across behavioral states, but the patterns differed among subjects. We conclude that cerebral oxygen metabolism varies with sleep-wake states in high-risk newborns. The direction and degree of these changes are variable and subject-specific in this initial sample, but could reflect or affect brain injury and vulnerability.
Eddy Chemotaxis and Odor Landscapes: Exploration of Nature With Animal Sensors.

As Von Uexkiill, Von Frisch, Tinbergen, and Lorenz before him, Dethier developed methods to study animals from the animal's point of view: He wanted to know both how animals perceive their natural environment, and why animals perceive their environment in such speciesspecific ways. Thus, mirroring Tinbergen's famous four questions (1973), Dethier pursued his research with two interacting efforts: dissecting the mechanisms by which animals accomplish their perception of the world and deriving evolutionary ideas of the behavioral and genomic consequences of that particular "world view. " Such diverse views then serve as models for human biologyboth by contrast and by analogy, if not homology. Building on the theme of animal world views serving as models for human perception and engineering, I will summarize some recent work on odor dynamics in which my colleagues and I have attempted to answer questions not unfamiliar to Vince Dethier (e.g., 1975, 1980): How do lobsters and humans see their odor worlds? In humans, odor evokes powerful memories-often visual images-of past experience. When humans dream of odor landscapes they may visualize the hills of Provence covered in fragrant thyme and lavender. On a foggy night, winds may carry the scent of pine forests and warn the sailor to watch or listen for nearby shores. And whiffs of fresh-baked bread may alert the bypasser to look for the bakery. For us, odor is an important and highly
Impaired consciousness in partial seizures is bimodally distributed

Objective: To investigate whether impaired consciousness in partial seizures can usually be attributed to specific deficits in the content of consciousness or to a more general decrease in the overall level of consciousness. Methods: Prospective testing during partial seizures was performed in patients with epilepsy using the Responsiveness in Epilepsy Scale (n = 83 partial seizures, 30 patients). Results were compared with responsiveness scores in a cohort of patients with severe traumatic brain injury evaluated with the JFK Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (n = 552 test administrations, 184 patients). Results: Standardized testing during partial seizures reveals a bimodal scoring distribution, such that most patients were either fully impaired or relatively spared in their ability to respond on multiple cognitive tests. Seizures with impaired performance on initial test items remained consistently impaired on subsequent items, while other seizures showed spared performance throughout. In the comparison group, we found that scores of patients with brain injury were more evenly distributed across the full range in severity of impairment. Conclusions: Partial seizures can often be cleanly separated into those with vs without overall impaired responsiveness. Results from similar testing in a comparison group of patients with brain injury suggest that the bimodal nature of Responsiveness in Epilepsy Scale scores is not a result of scale bias but may be a finding unique to partial seizures. These findings support a model in which seizures either propagate or do not propagate to key structures that regulate overall arousal and thalamocortical function. Future investigations are needed to relate these behavioral findings to the physiology underlying impaired consciousness in partial seizures.
Decision Trees : A comparison of various algorithms for building Decision Trees

Decision Trees are a decision support tool that contains tree like graph of decisions and the possible consequences. They are commonly used in different real world scenarios ranging from operations research to classifying a specie in a phylum given its features. The Decision Tree is implemented using traditional ID3 algorithm as well as an evolutionary algorithm for learning decision trees in this paper. The Traditional Algorithm for learning decision trees is implemented using information gain as well as using gain ratio. Each variant is also modified to combat over-fitting using pruning. The Evolutionary Algorithm is implemented with fitness proportionate and rank based as their selection strategy. The algorithm is also implemented to have complete replacement and elitism as replacement strategy. The two algorithms are compared based on their accuracy, precision and recall by varying the aforementioned parameters on the datasets taken from UCI Machine Learning repository[2]. The time taken for learning the Decision Tree by each algorithm corresponding to each setting is also compared in this paper.
L1 Cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) expression at the cancer invasive front is a novel prognostic marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most extremely aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis after curative resection. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a 200–220 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which has been shown to affect the prognosis of several cancers. No clinicopathological significance of L1CAM expression has been examined at the invasive front of PDAC. In this study, we examined the relationship between L1CAM expression and clinicopathological features in PDAC by immunohistochemistry.
Comparative Efficiency of Measures of Early Fetal Growth Restriction for Predicting Adverse Perinatal Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the comparative efficiency of first-trimester fetal growth restriction, second-trimester fetal growth restriction, and first-to-second-trimester growth lag for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with reliable dating based on last menstrual periods and first-trimester ultrasound examinations. Pregnancies with multiple fetuses, aneuploidy, and major structural anomalies were excluded. Fetal crown-rump lengths at 10–14 weeks, estimated fetal weights based on fetal biometry at 18–22 weeks, and interval growth were measured and converted to gestational age–adjusted Z-scores. The primary outcome was small for gestational age (SGA) at delivery. Secondary outcomes were low birth weight, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and preeclampsia. Receiver-operating characteristics curves were used to identify the optimal definitions of early fetal growth restriction associated with SGA and to compare screening efficiencies. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: Among 8,978 pregnancies meeting inclusion criteria, 551 (6.5%) neonates were SGA. Crown-rump length Z-score less than −1.0, estimated fetal weights Z-score less than −1.0, and growth Z-score less than −1.0 were identified as the optimal definitions of early fetal growth restriction associated with SGA (adjusted odds ratio 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.74], 3.44 [95% CI 2.85–4.15] and 2.61 [95% CI 2.09–3.25], respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of first- and second-trimester fetal growth restriction for predicting SGA were 21.4% and 83.4%, and 37.2% and 85.5%, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve for second-trimester fetal growth restriction was greater than that for first-trimester fetal growth restriction and first-to-second-trimester growth lag (0.70 compared with 0.59 and 0.66, P<.001). CONCLUSION: Second-trimester fetal growth restriction is superior to first-trimester fetal growth restriction and first-to-second-trimester growth lag for predicting SGA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Primary Commodity Exports and Civil War

Collier and Hoeffler reported that countries with a higher percentage of national income from primary commodity exports have been more prone to civil war, an interesting finding that has received much attention from policy makers and the media. The author shows that this result is quite fragile, even using Collier and Hoeffler’s data. Minor changes in the sample framing and the recovery of missing data undermine it. To the extent that there is an association, it is likely because oil is a major component of primary commodity exports and substantial oil production does associate with civil war risk. The author argues that oil predicts civil war risk not because it provides an easy source of rebel start-up finance but probably because oil producers have relatively low state capabilities given their level of per capita income and because oil makes state or regional control a tempting “prize. ” An analysis of data on government observance of contracts and investor-perceived expropriation risk is consistent with this hypothesis.
Volume intersection with imprecise camera parameters

Volume intersection is one of the simplest techniques for reconstructing 3D shapes from 2D silhouettes. 3D shapes can be reconstructed from multiple view images by back-projecting them from the corresponding viewpoints and intersecting the resulting solid cones. The camera position and orientation (extrinsic camera parameters) of each viewpoint with respect to the object are needed to accomplish reconstruction. However, even a little variation in the camera parameters makes the reconstructed 3D shape smaller than that with the exact parameters. The problem of optimizing camera parameters dealt with in this paper is determining good approximations from multiple silhouette images and imprecise camera parameters. This paper examines attempts to optimize camera parameters by reconstructing a 3D shape via the method of volume intersection. Reprojecting the reconstructed 3D shape to image planes, the camera parameters are determined by finding the projected silhouette images that result in minimal loss of area when compared to the original silhouette images. For relatively large displacement of camera parameters we propose a method repeating the optimization using dilated silhouettes which gradually shrink to original ones. Results of experiment show the effect of it.
Wireplanning in logic synthesis

In this paper, we propose a new logic synthesis methodology to deal with the increasing importance of the interconnect delay in deep submicron technologies. We first show that conventional logic synthesis techniques can produce circuits which will have long paths even if placed optimally. Then, we characterize the conditions under which this can happen and propose logic synthesis techniques which produce circuits which are "better" for placement. Our proposed approach still separates logic synthesis from physical design.
A New Agile Process for Web Development

In this paper is described an agile methodology for Web development based on User Stories. The main objective in this methodology is to have a more real relationship among application code and requirements. Thus, the development team and the user may come to have a greater understanding during the application development process. It is divided in three disciplines, each one refining the User Stories, from requirements specification using the Navigation Model and Story Cards until the execution of these User Stories to guide the coding. The team can also use these Stories as acceptance tests, which represent the user behaviour when using the system. With all this, in the end the development team may have more guarantees that the Web application represents what the user wants.
Designing a persuasive physical activity application for older workers: understanding end-user perceptions

ABSTRACT Among the factors known to encourage healthy ageing is routine physical activity, a behaviour that is not common among the older age group. A Persuasive System Design (PSD) model offers guidelines for designing and evaluating systems aimed at reinforcing, changing or shaping underlying human behaviour and attitudes. The objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions of older workers towards persuasive principles of PSD that was integrated into an application specifically designed to encourage physical activity. Ten older workers aged 50–64 years with different physical activity levels participated in this study. Using a think-aloud technique, the participants interacted with a physical activity application, while verbally expressing their perceptions towards the persuasive elements. The results indicated that the older worker participants had positive views towards persuasive design principles that fell under the categories of primary task, dialogue support and credibility support. However, the persuasive principle of the social support category received contradictory views. Further, it was discovered that the personalisation of persuasive principles, the credibility of tailored contents and the establishment of a sense of similarity are imperative in the designing of effective persuasive physical activity applications targeting older workers.
Aripiprazole cardiosafety: Is it overestimated?

Aripiprazole is a third‐generation atypical (novel) antipsychotic, dihydroquinolinone, famously known as dopamine stabilizer, uniquely D2/D3 partial agonist, and 5HT1A agonist. It is a Food and Drug Administration‐approved drug for schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, augmentation in unipolar depression, irritability in autism, and Tourette syndrome in pediatric age group. It is lauded for being cardiometabolic‐friendly,[1] in stark contradistinction to most atypical antipsychotics currently on the market. Nelson and Leung[2] recently reported unusual QTc prolongation associated with aripiprazole use. Similarly, Hategan and Bourgeois[3] reported aripiprazole‐associated QTc prolongation in a geriatric patient. Lam,[4] too, noted QTc prolongation associated with aripiprazole. Suzuki et al.[5] reported a dose‐dependent of QTc interval at 30 mg of aripiprazole. Egger et al.[6] reported a case of dose‐dependent aripiprazole‐induced conduction disturbance. Torgovnick et al . [7] reported on aripiprazole‐induced orthostatic hypotension and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Shao et al.[8] reported a case of ventricular trigeminy induced by overdose aripiprazole.
Clinical relevance of microparticles from platelets and megakaryocytes

Purpose of reviewPlatelet microparticles were identified more than 40 years ago and are the most abundant circulating microparticle subtype. Yet fundamental questions about their formation and role in human disease are just beginning to be understood at the cellular and molecular level. This review will address mechanisms of platelet microparticle generation and evaluate our current understanding of their clinical relevance. Recent findingsNew evidence indicates that the majority of CD41+ microparticles circulating in healthy individuals derive directly from megakaryocytes. CD41+ microparticles also form from activated platelets upon loss of cytoskeleton–membrane adhesion, which occurs in a multitude of disease states characterized by elevated platelet microparticle levels. More recent studies have demonstrated that platelet microparticles function as a transport and delivery system for bioactive molecules, participating in hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation, malignancy infection transfer, angiogenesis, and immunity. The mechanism of platelet microparticle participation in specific disease entities such as rheumatoid arthritis has been elucidated. SummaryContinued research into how platelet microparticles are generated and function as a transcellular delivery system will advance our basic understanding of microparticle physiology and may enable new strategies for treatment of select disease entities.
Hydrogen production on a hybrid photocatalytic system composed of ultrathin CdS nanosheets and a molecular nickel complex.

The production of clean and renewable hydrogen through water splitting by using solar energy has received much attention due to the increasing global energy demand. We report an economic and artificial photosynthetic system free of noble metals, consisting of ultrathin CdS nanosheets as a photosensitizer and nickel-based complex as a molecular catalyst. Emission quenching and flash photolysis studies reveal that this hybrid system allows for effective electron transfer from the excited CdS nanosheets to the nickel-based complex to generate reduced intermediate species for efficient hydrogen evolution. Notably, the unique morphological and structural features of the ultrathin CdS nanosheets contribute to the highly efficient photocatalytic performance. As a consequence, the resulting system shows exceptional activity and stability for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in aqueous solution with a turnover number (TON) of about 28,000 versus catalyst and a lifetime of over 90 h under visible light irradiation.
Posttranscriptional control and the role of RNA‐binding proteins in gene regulation in trypanosomatid protozoan parasites

Trypanosomatids are unicellular eukaryotes responsible for severe diseases in humans. They exhibit a number of remarkable biological phenomena, especially at the RNA level. During their life cycles, they alternate between a mammalian host and an insect vector and undergo profound biochemical and morphological transformations in order to adapt to the different environments they find within one or the other host species. These changes are orchestrated by specific gene expression programs. In contrast to other organisms, trypanosomatids do not regulate RNA polymerase II‐dependent transcription initiation. Evidence so far indicates that the main control points in gene expression are mRNA degradation and translation. Recent studies have shown that RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the developmental regulation of mRNA and protein abundance. RBPs seem to bind to specific subsets of mRNAs encoding functionally related proteins. These ribonucleoprotein complexes may represent posttranscriptional operons or regulons that are able to control the fate of multiple mRNAs simultaneously. We suggest that trypanosomatids transduce environmental signals into mRNA and protein abundance through posttranslational modification of RBPs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opportunistic Frequency Reuse in Cooperative Wireless Cellular Systems

The mutual interference among co-channel users greatly limits the performance of cellular wireless systems. In particular, if a tight frequency reuse is employed, intercell interference must be properly handled. In this paper, we propose a cross-layer approach to the interference management, by using a random beamforming strategy and a smart scheduler with joint processing of signals related to different users in the network. Random beamforming is performed at each base station of the system, partial CSI is collected and shared by the network of interfering transmitters, and a scheduler chooses a subset of the users to be transmitted to. Optimization of beamforming in broadcast MIMO channels is precluded by the amount of feedback and complexity required. In this paper we propose to reduce the feedback by employing a random beamforming where a stream can be linearly preceded before being transmitted on the antenna array of each transmitter and the users with channel/interference matched to the beamforming configurations are scheduled at each time. In MIMO system the users can further improve the overall throughput by minimizing the co-channel interference. The feedback necessary to employ the spatial multiplexing can be limited to the signal to interference ratios for a subset of users that are compatible for the random beamforming configuration. In practice, a form of adaptive frequency reuse is performed on the basis of the spatial signal-to-interference ratio distribution among the users. We provide numerical results to compare the performance of our scheme with a form of dynamic channel allocation and opportunistic beamforming