Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nearly universal link between the age of past knowledge and tomorrow’s breakthroughs in science and technology: The hotspot

Papers or patents that cite past work of a particular age distribution double their chances of being a hit. Scientists and inventors can draw on an ever-expanding literature for the building blocks of tomorrow’s ideas, yet little is known about how combinations of past work are related to future discoveries. Our analysis parameterizes the age distribution of a work’s references and revealed three links between the age of prior knowledge and hit papers and patents. First, works that cite literature with a low mean age and high age variance are in a citation “hotspot”; these works double their likelihood of being in the top 5% or better of citations. Second, the hotspot is nearly universal in all branches of science and technology and is increasingly predictive of a work’s future citation impact. Third, a scientist or inventor is significantly more likely to write a paper in the hotspot when they are coauthoring than whey they are working alone. Our findings are based on all 28,426,345 scientific papers in the Web of Science, 1945–2013, and all 5,382,833 U.S. patents, 1950–2010, and reveal new antecedents of high-impact science and the link between prior literature and tomorrow’s breakthrough ideas.
Evaluating Feature Importance for Object Classification in Visual Surveillance

Feature-based object classification, which distinguishes a moving object to human or vehicle, is important in visual surveillance. In order to improve classification performance, in addition to choosing between the classification (such as SVM, ANN etc), we have to pay attention to which subset of features to employ in the classifier. This paper describes a method to evaluate the relative importance of various features for object type classification. Starting with a given set of features, we apply the AdaBoost method and then we compute a metric which enables us to choose a good subset of the features. We apply our method to the task of distinguishing whether an image blob is a vehicle, a single human, a human group, or a bike, and we determine that shape-based feature, texture-based feature, and motion-based feature are reliable for this classification task. We validate our method by comparing with performance of ANN-based classification
Reliability and accuracy of wound surface measurement using mobile technology

As the population ages and the chronic diseases raised, chronic wounds also increase, creating a huge burden on the health system. In outpatient care, the most common wound measurement technique remains the gradual ruler, which is a simple and fast but relatively inaccurate method. Mobile phones enable permanent access to a camera and the technology now integrates image processing. A mobile application that takes reproducible and reliable wound surface area measurements would help obtain useful indications on the prognosis and effectiveness of applied treatment. This also enables faster detection of complications and reduces healing time. +WoundDesk is a mobile application that enables to take photographs, define wound margins and make wound surface area measurements in a few clicks.
A Pseudo-Deterministic Functional ATPG based on EFSM Traversing

This paper presents a functional ATPG framework which exploits the extended finite state machine (EFSM) model to pseudo-deterministically generate test sequences. A constraint solver or a SAT-solver is used to generate test vectors that allow us to uniformly traverse the state space of the design under test (DUT). This definitely increases the ability of the ATPG to observe and control hard-to-detect faults
Sentiment Aggregate Functions for Political Opinion Polling using Microblog Streams

The automatic content analysis of mass media in the social sciences has become necessary and possible with the raise of social media and computational power. One particularly promising avenue of research concerns the use of sentiment analysis in microblog streams. However, one of the main challenges consists in aggregating sentiment polarity in a timely fashion that can be fed to the prediction method. We investigated a large set of sentiment aggregate functions and performed a regression analysis using political opinion polls as gold standard. Our dataset contains nearly 233 000 tweets, classified according to their polarity (positive, negative or neutral), regarding the five main Portuguese political leaders during the Portuguese bailout (2011-2014). Results show that different sentiment aggregate functions exhibit different feature importance over time while the error keeps almost unchanged.
Emerging treatments in neurogastroenterology: eluxadoline – a new therapeutic option for diarrhea‐predominant IBS

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. The global prevalence of IBS is estimated to be as high as 15%. For many patients, IBS is a chronic disorder which can significantly reduce quality of life. Just as important as the effects on any one individual, IBS also places a significant impact on the population as a whole with its negative effects on the health care system. Irritable bowel syndrome is categorized into one of three main categories: IBS with diarrhea, IBS with constipation, and IBS with mixed bowel habits. Patients with diarrhea‐predominant IBS (IBS‐D) comprise a substantial proportion of the overall IBS population. A number of therapeutic options exist to treat the symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and fecal urgency, including non‐pharmacologic therapies such as dietary changes and probiotics, or pharmacologic therapies such as loperamide and alosetron. However, many patients have persistent symptoms despite these therapies. This unmet need led to the development of eluxadoline, a mu‐opioid receptor agonist/delta‐opioid receptor antagonist/kappa‐receptor agonist. Approved by the FDA in May 2015, this medication shows promise in the treatment of diarrhea‐predominant IBS for both men and women.
A NALYSIS OF A D ETERMINISTIC J ONG N ANG G ATE W ITH T RANSMITTER C OOPERATION

In this paper, we introduce practical the root of digital human binary coded Jong Nang communications as the wooden gate in Korea Jeju Island custom. We investigate Jong Nang gate models as an approximation of the AWGN model. The objective is to find a deterministic model, which is accessible to capacity analysis. Furthermore, this analysis should provide insights on the capacity of the AWGN model. Motivated by backhaul cooperation in cellular networks where cooperation is among base stations, we term the interference channel with conferencing transmitters. Jong Nang communications is normal 3 rafters placed on two vertical stones with three holes to convey the family’s whereabouts that is deterministic signal, nowadays it is applied to backhaul in mobile base station.
Data Flow and Management for an IoT Based WSN

Internet of things based wireless sensor networks have become the leading method for industries across the world to track goods and products. As a combination of wireless sensor nodes established with an internet gateway and cloud database, these networks offer world wide access to current good and product conditions. Significant challenges exist with the large data that is produced by the sensor network, timely retrieval from the cloud storage system and the data presentation. We have observed from our empirical results that even-though the growth of the database is linear its presentation as graphs tends to have a nonlinear exponent. This paper highlights some of the major issues related to such a system, presenting a functioning example system and the related operational methodology.
Comparison of the pain perception in children using comfort control syringe and a conventional injection technique during pediatric dental procedures.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the pain perception by the pediatric patients, while experiencing computerized injection device comfort control syringe (CCS) and the conventional injection technique during dental clinical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty children (31 boys and 19 girls) aged 6-14 years requiring local anaesthesia on both sides of the dental arch for various treatment procedures were selected for this study. The patients served as their own control, and on the appointed day CCS was used on one side of the dental arch and on the subsequent appointment, i.e., the very next day conventional injection technique was used. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and faces pain rating scale (FRS) were used to assess the child's pain perception to each of the techniques immediately after the injection. Various physiological parameters were measured before, during and after the two injection procedures and compared for statistical variation. RESULTS Paired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in the pain perception by children using VAS and FRS between computerized and conventional technique. No statistically significant difference was observed when physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure and temperature) were compared at various intervals between the computerized and the conventional technique. CONCLUSION Computerized injection device (CCS) provides less painful injections when compared to the conventional injection technique.
Sexual and vegetative compatibility genes in the aspergilli

Gene flow within populations can occur by sexual and/or parasexual means. Analyses of experimental and in silico work are presented relevant to possible gene flow within the aspergilli. First, the discovery of mating-type (MAT) genes within certain species of Aspergillus is described. The implications for self-fertility, sexuality in supposedly asexual species and possible uses as phylogenetic markers are discussed. Second, the results of data mining for heterokaryon incompatibility (het) and programmed cell death (PCD) related genes in the genomes of two heterokaryon incompatible isolates of the asexual species Aspergillus niger are reported. Het-genes regulate the formation of anastomoses and heterokaryons, may protect resources and prevent the spread of infectious genetic elements. Depending on the het locus involved, hetero-allelism is not tolerated and fusion of genetically different individuals leads to growth inhibition or cell death. The high natural level of heterokaryon incompatibility in A. niger blocks parasexual analysis of the het-genes involved, but in silico experiments in the sequenced genomes allow us to identify putative het-genes. Homologous sequences to known het- and PCD-genes were compared between different sexual and asexual species including different Aspergillus species, Sordariales and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both het- and PCD-genes were well conserved in A. niger. However some point mutations and other small differences between the het-genes in the two A. niger isolates examined may hint to functions in heterokaryon incompatibility reactions.
Clinical Usefulness of Very High and Very Low Levels of C-Reactive Protein Across the Full Range of Framingham Risk Scores

Background—High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, and levels of hsCRP of <1, 1 to <3, and ≥3 mg/L have been suggested to define low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups. However, the positive predictive value of very low (<0.5 mg/L) and very high levels of hsCRP (>10.0 mg/L) is uncertain. Methods and Results—Baseline levels of hsCRP were evaluated among 27 939 apparently healthy women who were followed up for myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or cardiovascular death. Crude and Framingham Risk Score (FRS)–adjusted relative risks (RRs) of incident cardiovascular events were calculated across a full range of hsCRP levels. Cardiovascular risks increased linearly from the very lowest (referent) to the very highest levels of hsCRP. Crude RRs for those with baseline hsCRP levels of <0.5, 0.5 to <1.0, 1.0 to <2.0, 2.0 to <3.0, 3.0 to <4.0, 4.0 to <5.0, 5.0 to <10.0, 10.0 to <20.0, and ≥20.0 mg/L were 1.0, 2.2, 2.5, 3.1, 3.7, 4.2, 4.9, 6.3, and 7.6, respectively (P for trend <0.001). After adjustment for FRS, these risks were 1.0, 1.6, 1.6, 1.7, 1.9, 2.2, 2.3, 2.8, and 3.1 (P for trend <0.001). All risk estimates remained significant in analyses stratified by FRS and after control for diabetes. Of the total cohort, 15.1% had hsCRP <0.50 mg/L, and 5.4% had hsCRP >10.0 mg/L. Conclusions—Both very low (<0.5 mg/L) and very high (>10 mg/L) levels of hsCRP provide important prognostic information on cardiovascular risk. hsCRP is clinically useful for risk prediction across a full range of values and across a full range of FRS.
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Modeling and Analyzing Adaptive User-Centric Systems in Real-Time Maude

Pervasive user-centric applications are systems which are meant to sense the presence, mood, and intentions of users in order to optimize user comfort and performance or to assist people in their specific activities. Building such applications requires not only state-of-the art techniques from artificial intelligence but also sound software engineering methods for facilitating modular design, runtime adaptation and verification of critical system requirements. In this paper we focus on high-level design and analysis, and use the algebraic rewriting language Real-Time Maude for specifying applications in a real-time setting. We propose a component-based approach for modeling pervasive user-centric systems in a generic way and show how to instantiate the generic rules for a simple out-of-home digital advertising application and how to analyze and prove crucial properties of the system architecture through model checking and simulation. For proving time-dependent properties of systems we use Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) and present analysis algorithms for model checking two subclasses of MTL formulas: time-bounded response and time-bounded safety MTL formulas. The underlying idea is to extend the Real-Time Maude model with suitable clocks and to transform the MTL formulas into LTL formulas over the extended specification. This makes it possible to use the LTL model checker of Maude for verifying real time system properties. It is shown that component-based Real-Time Maude specifications as well as their extensions by clocks are time-robust and finite state; moreover, the above classes of formulas are tick-stabilizing if their atomic propositions are tick-stabilizing. As a consequence, model checking analyses are sound and complete for maximal time sampling. The approach is illustrated by a simple adaptive advertising scenario in which an adaptive advertisement display can react to actions of the users in front of the display.
A novel objective function minimization for sparse spatial filters

Common spatial pattern (CSP) method is widely used in brain machine interface (BMI) applications to extract features from the multichannel neural activity through a set of spatial projections. The CSP method easily overfits the data when the number of training trials is not sufficiently large and it is sensitive to daily variation of multichannel electrode placement, which limits its applicability for everyday use in BMI systems. To overcome these problems, the amount of channels that is used in projections, should be limited. We introduce a spatially sparse projection (SSP) method that exploits the unconstrained minimization of a new objective function with approximated ℓ1 penalty. The SSP method is employed to classify the two class EEG data set. Our method outperforms the standard CSP method and provides comparable results to ℓ0 norm based solution and it is associated with less computational complexity.
Very low phase noise optical links: experiments and theory

Additive phase noise is studied in directly modulated optical links (1.55 /spl mu/m DFB laser and PIN photodiode). Upconversion close to the microwave carrier, of the very low frequency noise of the laser, is calculated and verified experimentally. Noise sources are identified and included in the model to evaluate the microwave phase noise and then the noise to signal ratio in terms of phase fluctuations. Good agreement is obtained between calculations and measurements. Very good additive phase noise values have been obtained at 10 kHz offset: -148 dBc/Hz and -139 dBc/Hz at 3 GHz and 9 GHz respectively.
SPring-8 BL36XU: Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells

A tapered undulator beamline BL36XU was constructed at SPring-8 to conduct structural and electronic analysis of dynamic events on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathode catalysts for the development of next-generation PEFCs. BL36XU provides various time and spatially resolved XAFS techniques in an energy range from 4.5 to 35 keV for investigating PEFCs under the operating conditions. In addition, we developed in-situ complementary measurement systems, such as in-situ time-resolved XAFS/XRD and ambient pressure HAXPES systems. This report describes the performance and present status of the BL36XU.
Twenty‐five years of PTHrP progress: From cancer hormone to multifunctional cytokine

Twenty‐five years ago a “new” protein was identified from cancers that caused hypercalcemia. It was credited for its ability to mimic parathyroid hormone (PTH), and hence was termed parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP). Today it is recognized for its widespread distribution, its endocrine, paracrine, and intracrine modes of action driving numerous physiologic and pathologic conditions, and its central role in organogenesis. The multiple biological activities within a complex molecule with paracrine modulation of adjacent target cells present boundless possibilities. The protein structure of PTHrP has been traced, dissected, and deleted comprehensively and conditionally, yet numerous questions lurk in its past that will carry into the future. Issues of the variable segments of the protein, including the enigmatic nuclear localization sequence, are only recently being clarified. Aspects of PTHrP production and action in the menacing condition of cancer are emerging as dichotomies that may represent intended temporal actions of PTHrP. Relative to PTH, the hormone regulating calcium homeostasis, PTHrP “controls the show” locally at the PTH/PTHrP receptor throughout the body. Great strides have been made in our understanding of PTHrP actions, yet years of exciting investigation and discovery are imminent. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sequential Bayesian Model Update under Structured Scene Prior for Semantic Road Scenes Labeling

Semantic road labeling is a key component of systems that aim at assisted or even autonomous driving. Considering that such systems continuously operate in the real-world, unforeseen conditions not represented in any conceivable training procedure are likely to occur on a regular basis. In order to equip systems with the ability to cope with such situations, we would like to enable adaptation to such new situations and conditions at runtime. Existing adaptive methods for image labeling either require labeled data from the new condition or even operate globally on a complete test set. None of this is a desirable mode of operation for a system as described above where new images arrive sequentially and conditions may vary. We study the effect of changing test conditions on scene labeling methods based on a new diverse street scene dataset. We propose a novel approach that can operate in such conditions and is based on a sequential Bayesian model update in order to robustly integrate the arriving images into the adapting procedure.
Effect of Cytoskeletal Disruption on Mechanotransduction of Hydrostatic Pressure by C3H10T1/2 Murine Fibroblasts

Cyclic hydrostatic pressure of physiological magnitude (< 10 MPa) stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, but mechanotransduction mechanisms are not well understood. It was hypothesized that an intact cytoskeleton would be required for uninhibited mechanotransduction of hydrostatic pressure. Therefore we examined the effects of drugs which selectively interfere with actin and tubulin polymerization on pressure-induced upregulation of aggrecan and col2a1 (type II collagen) mRNA expression. C3H10T1/2 cells were cultured as pellets in either 4µM cytochalasin D or 4µM nocodazole and subjected to 3 days of cyclic hydrostatic compression (1 Hz, 5 MPa, 2 h per day). Phalloidin staining and indirect immunostaining with anti α-tubulin antibody confirmed disruption of microfilament and microtubule assemblies, respectively. Real time RT-PCR revealed that both drugs substantially lowered the basal level of aggrecan and col2a1 mRNA, but that neither drug prevented a pressure-stimulated increase in gene expression relative to the altered basal state. Thus upregulation of macromolecular gene expression by cyclic hydrostatic pressure did not require a completely intact cytoskeleton.
Reoperation of biliary tract by laparoscopy: experiences with 39 cases.

AIM To evaluate the safety and feasibility of biliary tract reoperation by laparoscopy for the patients with retained or recurrent stones who failed in endoscopic sphincterotomy. METHODS A retrospective analysis of data obtained from attempted laparoscopic reoperation for 39 patients in a single institution was performed, examining open conversion rates, operative times, complications, and hospital stay. RESULTS Out of the 39 cases, 38 (97%) completed laparoscopy, 1 required conversion to open operation because of difficulty in exposing the common bile duct. The mean operative time was 135 min. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 4 d. Procedures included laparoscopic residual gallbladder resection in 3 cases, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and primary duct closure at choledochotomy in 13 cases, and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and choledochotomy with T tube drainage in 22 cases. Duodenal perforation occurred in 1 case during dissection and was repaired laparoscopically. Retained stones were found in 2 cases. Postoperative asymptomatic hyperamlasemia occurred in 3 cases. There were no complications due to port placement, postoperative bleeding, bile or bowel leakage and mortality. No recurrence or formation of duct stricture was observed during a mean follow-up period of 18 mo. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation is safe and feasible if it is performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons, and is an alternative choice for patients with choledocholithiasis who fail in endoscopic sphincterectomy.
Intracellular Localization of 2′,3′‐Cyclic Nucleotide 3′‐Phosphodiesterase in a Neuronal Cell Line as Examined by Immunofluorescence and Cell Fractionation

Abstract The enzyme 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNPase, EC 3.1.4.37) occurs not only in myelin fractions and glial cells, but can also be shown to be present in a CNS cell line of neuronal origin (B104). Direct immunofluorescence microscopy of B104 cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated rabbit anti‐CNPase antibodies shows a discrete and specific intra‐cytoplasmic location of CNPase. Fractionation of the cells was performed by differential centrifugation of a cell homogenate and continuous sucrose density‐gradient centrifugation. As monitored by marker enzyme activities, CNPase seems to be associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes.