Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Volatile Organic Compounds and Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities of Extracts from the Leaves of Grewia bulot

This research aims to determine the volatile compounds present in Grewia bulot leaf extracts and evaluate their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. The volatile constituents of the n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts were identified by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified in the former were neophytadiene (18.2%), methyl palmitate (14.4%), methyl linoleate (9.7%), β-sitosterol (4.5%), and methyl stearate (3.4%), while those in the latter were palmitic acid (9.8%), hexadecane (7.4%), octadecane (6.0%), neophytadiene (5.3%), and 2-tert-butoxyethanol (5.3%). The cytotoxicities of the extracts were examined against four human cancer cell lines (SK-LU-1, Hep-G2, MCF-7, and KB), while their antioxidant activities were assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts displayed weak activity against these cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 90.60 ± 3.49 to 98.27 ± 2.77 µg/mL. All extracts showed antioxidant activities, and the methanol extract exhibited the strongest at an SC50 value of 9.39 ± 0.90 µg/mL. This is the first report on the volatile constituents and bioactivities of G. bulot leaf extracts, suggesting their potential application as antioxidants.
The Implementation of Kahoot! Application as a Hots-Based Evaluation Media for Elementary School Students

The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) states that students in Indonesia have low-level thinking skills in the international education arena. Certainly, this poses a significant challenge for the government and educators to improve the quality of education. One of the programs undertaken by the Ministry of Education and Culture is the Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) based learning program. Alongside the development of technology and information, this also impacts the education sector, which must adapt to technological advancements. Continuous innovations in teaching and learning, including innovations in assessment methods, are emerging. One way of evaluating learning that teachers can use is the Kahoot application. This research aims to demonstrate how the utilization of the Kahoot application serves as a learning evaluation tool in elementary schools. The research method used is qualitative description with data collection through interviews and questionnaires. The subjects of this research are sixth-grade teachers and students in Public Elementary Schools in East OKU District. The results of the research indicate that the utilization of the Kahoot application represents a new innovation in the field of education. The Kahoot application makes it easier for teachers to assess students' problem-solving performance and creates an enjoyable learning process that encourages students to think critically.
Effect of a Physical Education Teacher’s Autonomy Support on Self-Esteem in Secondary-School Students: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of emotional intelligence between the perception of autonomy support from physical education teachers and self-esteem (positive and negative) in secondary-school physical education students. The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. In total, 1069 secondary-school physical education students participated (Mage = 14.55; SD = 1.54) (51.2% female; 48.8% male). The following scales were used: The Learning Climate Questionnaire adapted to Physical Education (i.e., autonomy support), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (i.e., emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotional repair), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (positive self-esteem, negative self-esteem). A structural equation model was performed with the latent variables controlled by age, sex, and the students’ educational centre. The main results indicate that the explained variance was 37% for positive self-esteem and 26% for negative self-esteem. In addition, autonomy support directly predicts emotional intelligence (p < 0.05) and positive self-esteem (p < 0.001). On the other hand, all indirect effects of autonomy support on self-esteem across emotional intelligence were significant at p < 0.001. Finally, emotional clarity and emotional repair had a mediating effect on self-esteem, and it improves the total effect of autonomy support on positive self-esteem with values of β = 0.14 and β = 0.19, respectively, and a value of β = −0.07 and β = −0.06 for negative self-esteem. The findings reveal the necessity to improve emotional clarity and emotional repair in secondary-school students in improving positive self-esteem through the perception of autonomy support from the physical education teacher.
Analysis of Input Impedance and Radiation Characteristics of a Dipole Embedded in and Near a Stratified Uniaxial Sphere

In this work, the Green’s function for a dipole in a stratified uniaxial anisotropic spherical configuration is evaluated, with the dipole in the anisotropic layer. The particular part of the Green’s function is computed by matching the electromagnetic fields at the source in the anisotropic layer. The homogeneous part of the Green’s functions is found by imposing boundary conditions at the anisotropic and isotropic layer interfaces. The source-free resonant frequencies of the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes for the antenna configuration are also evaluated. The input impedance and fields radiated by the dipole in the multilayer anisotropic sphere are computed. The technique is also used for the evaluation of the Green’s function, input impedance, and radiated fields for a dipole located in the vicinity of the stratified uniaxial anisotropic sphere. The variation of input impedance, reflection coefficient, and excited modes with change in anisotropy is thoroughly investigated for both the antenna configurations. The excited modes in both the configurations are also characterized in terms of their quality factor, bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. The radiation characteristics with change in anisotropy are also evaluated.
EFFICENECY OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS IN SALINE CALCAREOUS SOILS

A field experiment was carried out during winter season 2005-2006 at Ras Sudr Experimental Station of the Desert Research Center, to evaluate the performance of five irrigation systems: continuous flow furrow (CF); surge flow furrow (SF); surface drip (D0); and subsurface drip (SDI) at two depths of 15 and 30 cm (D15) and (D30), respectively, using two different levels of irrigation water application (100 and 70% of crop water requirements) designated as (T) and (0.7T), respectively, to irrigate fodder beet crop in calcareous loamy sand soil. The source of irrigation water was ground well and the average water salinity was 4.36 dS/m. The experiment carried out in split plots design. The obtained results indicated that the maximum average values of AE% were 85.8, 88.1, 93.5, 97.4, and 97.1% obtained by applying 0.7T treatment under CF, SF, D0, D15, and D30 treatments, respectively. The maximum average values of DU were 0.52, 0.62, 0.88, 0.95, and 0.94 obtained by the same treatments, respectively. Maximum average fresh yield (roots and tops) was 38.34 ton/fed. obtained by (D15xT) treatment, the increment reached to 6.9% compared to D0 with non-significant differences compared with D30. Meanwhile, surge flow furrow SF treatment recorded 31.62 ton/fed. as maximum average yield companied with applying T treatment, with increment of 22.7% compared with CF. The average values of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), obtained by D15 or D30 treatments, were superior to D0 treatment under the experiment conditions. Meanwhile, the highest average value of IWUE was 16.85 kg/m 3 obtained by (D15x0.7T) treatment, and the lowest average value 10.86 kg/m 3 resulted by (D0xT) treatment. In the same time, the average value 8.75 kg/m 3 obtained by SF resulted from applying (SFx0.7T) treatment, with increment reaching
Metabolism Of Mumbai- Expectations, Impasse and the Need For a New Beginning

As population and human activities expand they exert heavy environmental pressure through the resource requirement, their production and consumption. Hence, it is important to understand the resource flows into the city, the transformations that take place and the resulting products and wastes. One method of measuring resource use efficiency is through the analysis of urban metabolism. It provides a good analytical framework for accounting of urban stocks and through puts and helps understand critical processes as well (increasing or decreasing ground water resources, long-term impacts of hazardous construction materials, etc.). Mumbai is a business and industrial city, with a population of about 18 million. It highlights the economic, social and environmental conditions of the city. On the input side, water, energy, food and construction material use are taken into account, and on the output side, waste water, air pollution and municipal solid waste are examined. The concept of urban metabolism is put forth as an organizing concept for data collection, analysis, and synthesis on urban systems. The main findings and recommendations of the case study underpin efficient resource urban policy and design, as well as enhance sustainable production and consumption.
Computational Investigations on Reaction Mechanisms of the Covalent Inhibitors Ponatinib and Analogs Targeting the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases

As an important cancer therapeutic target, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) are involved in triggering various cellular responses in tumors. Regulation of the ERK signaling pathway by the small molecular inhibitors is highly desired for the sake of cancer therapy. In contrast to the routine inhibitors targeting ERKs through long-range non-bonding interactions, Ponatinib, a covalent inhibitor to ERK2 with a macrocyclic structure characterized by the α,β-C=C unsaturated ketone, can form the stable -C(S)-C(H)-type complex via the four-center barrier due to the nucleophilic addition reaction of the thiol group of the Cys166 residue of ERK2 with the C=C double bond of Ponatinib with reaction free-energy barrier of 47.2 kcal/mol. Reaction mechanisms for the covalent binding were calculated using QM/MM methods and molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction modes and the corresponding binding free energies were obtained for the non-covalent and covalent complexation. The binding free energies of the non-covalent and covalent inhibitions are 14.8 kcal/mol and 33.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The mechanistic study stimulated a rational design on the modified Ponatinib structure by substituting the C=C bond with the C=N bond. It was demonstrated that the new compound exhibits better inhibition activity toward ERK2 in term of both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects through the covalent binding with a lower reaction free-energy barrier of 23.1 kcal/mol. The present theoretical work sheds new light on the development of the covalent inhibitors for the regulation of ERKs.
Si3N4-Based Narrowband and High Peak Rejection Microwave Photonic Filter With Adjustable Bandwidth

A narrowband notch microwave photonic filter (MPF) with adjustable bandwidth and ultra-high rejection ratio is proposed and experimentally demonstrated leveraging a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) coupled Si3N4 ring resonator. The ring is designed with two interferometric coupling waveguides so as to tune the effective coupling coefficients between the bending waveguides and the resonator. Consequently, the bandwidth and the extinction ratio of the resonator could be adjusted. Leveraging the MZI-coupled Si3N4 ring, the experimental results illustrate that the 3dB-bandwidth of the notch microwave filters can be effectively adjusted. Furthermore, during the bandwidth tuning process, the rejection ratios of the notch MPFs could obtain high values by utilizing the interference cancellation. To our knowledge, with maintaining ultra-high rejections beyond 60 dB, the 3dB-bandwidth of the Si3N4-based notch MPFs is firstly verified with an adjustable range from tens of MHz to GHz level. The proposed narrowband MPF schemes with superior bandwidth tunability and ultra-high rejection ratios have various important applications in integrated radio frequency systems.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Low-Frequency Variability of the Indian Monsoon-ENSO Relationship and the Tropical Atlantic: The "Weakening" of the 1980s and 1990s

The Indian monsoon–El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) relationship, according to which a drier than normal monsoon season precedes peak El Nino conditions, weakened significantly during the last two decades of the twentieth century. In this work an ensemble of integrations of an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to an ocean model in the Indian Basin and forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) elsewhere is used to investigate the causes of such a weakening. The observed interdecadal variability of the ENSO–monsoon relationship during the period 1950–99 is realistically simulated by the model and a dominant portion of the variability is associated with changes in the tropical Atlantic SSTs in boreal summer. In correspondence to ENSO, the tropical Atlantic SSTs display negative anomalies south of the equator in the last quarter of the twentieth century and weakly positive anomalies in the previous period. Those anomalies in turn produce heating anomalies, which excite a Rossby wave response in the Indian Ocean in both the model and the reanalysis data, impacting the time-mean monsoon circulation. The proposed mechanism of remote response of the Indian rainfall to tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures is further tested forcing the AGCM coupled to the ocean model in the Indian Basin with climatological SSTs in the Atlantic Ocean and observed anomalies elsewhere. In this second ensemble the ENSO–monsoon relationship is characterized by a stable and strong anticorrelation through the whole second half of the twentieth century.
Retargeted Versus Generic Product Recommendations: When is it Valuable to Present Retargeted Recommendations?

Practitioner’s Abstract Online platforms/retailers widely use collaborative filtering (CF)-based generic product recommendations to improve sales. These systems recommend products to a consumer based on the product co-views and co-purchases by other consumers on the website but do not leverage the consumer’s browsing data. Based on a field study on a U.S. fashion apparel and home goods retailer’s website, we show that informing generic CF recommendations to individual consumers’ browsing history can generate substantial additional sales. Specifically, we show that it is optimal to offer generic CF recommendations to a consumer if the consumer has not carted a product and recommend products he or she has seen in the previous sessions (retargeted recommendations) if he or she has carted a product. Our simulation results show that such recommendations could result in a 3% increase in total sales compared with conventional generic CF recommendations. Online platforms/retailers with detailed consumer browsing data can implement such recommendations to achieve higher sales.
Decellularization Techniques for Tissue Engineering: Towards Replicating Native Extracellular Matrix Architecture in Liver Regeneration

The process of tissue regeneration requires the utilization of a scaffold, which serves as a structural framework facilitating cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration within a physical environment. The primary aim of scaffolds in tissue engineering is to mimic the structural and functional properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the target tissue. The construction of scaffolds that accurately mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a challenging task, primarily due to the intricate structural nature and complex composition of the ECM. The technique of decellularization has gained significant attention in the field of tissue regeneration because of its ability to produce natural scaffolds by removing cellular and genetic components from the extracellular matrix (ECM) while preserving its structural integrity. The present study aims to investigate the various decellularization techniques employed for the purpose of isolating the extracellular matrix (ECM) from its native tissue. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of these methods will be presented, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. The primary objective of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical and functional features of the native liver, as well as the prevalence and impact of liver diseases. Additionally, this study aims to identify the limitations and difficulties associated with existing therapeutic methods for liver diseases. Furthermore, the study explores the potential of tissue engineering techniques in addressing these challenges and enhancing liver performance. By investigating these aspects, this research field aims to contribute to the advancement of liver disease treatment and management.
Cognitive Performance during the Development of Diabetes in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rat

Increased insulin levels may support the development of neural circuits involved in cognition, while chronic mild inflammation may also result in cognitive impairment. This study aimed to gain more insight into whether cognition is already impacted during adolescence in a genetic rat model for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Visual discrimination learning throughout adolescence and the level of motivation during early adulthood were investigated in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) obese and ZDF lean rats using operant touchscreens. Blood glucose, insulin, and lipids were longitudinally analyzed. Histological analyses were performed in the liver, white adipose tissues, and the prefrontal cortex. Prior to the experiments with the genetic ZDF research model, all experimental assays were performed in two groups of outbred Long Evans rats to investigate the effect of different feeding circumstances. Adolescent ZDF obese rats outperformed ZDF lean rats on visual discrimination performance. During the longitudinal cognitive testing period, insulin levels sharply increased over weeks in ZDF obese rats and were significantly enhanced from 6 weeks of age onwards. Early signs of liver steatosis and enlarged adipocytes in white adipose tissue were observed in early adult ZDF obese rats. Histological analyses in early adulthood showed no group differences in the number of prefrontal cortex neurons and microglia, nor PSD95 and SIRT1 mRNA expression levels. Together, our data show that adolescent ZDF obese rats even display enhanced cognition despite their early diabetic profile.
A Device-Circuit Aging Simulation Framework Integrating Trap-Based Models and Sensitivity Analysis for FinFET Technology

This work introduces a simulation framework for evaluating device and circuit aging, aiming to enhance reliability-aware designs. The framework integrates device aging analysis and circuit performance prediction, employing a modified time evolution method. Specifically, a novel trap-based FinFET reliability compact model is employed in the aging simulations, accommodating traps of various physical origins in negative bias temperature instability (NBTI). To improve the efficiency of predicting the long-term degradation, a new extrapolation method is implemented as an alternative to the traditional linear extrapolation technique. This method is derived based on the equivalent stress waveform and effective time. By mapping the device degradation to circuit performance metrics with the reliability-oriented sensitivity analysis, the device-circuit aging simulation results can be used to efficiently estimate the degraded circuit performance. The validity of the proposed reliability compact model and the fast extrapolation algorithm is demonstrated using nonradiative multiphonon (NMP) theory-based numerical simulations, along with experimental NBTI data on 7 nm pFinFETs. The framework is implemented in the circuit simulators via the open Model Interface (OMI), showcasing applications in multiple logic circuits.
Mechanisms of Southern Ocean Heat Uptake and Transport in a Global Eddying Climate Model

AbstractThe Southern Ocean plays a dominant role in anthropogenic oceanic heat uptake. Strong northward transport of the heat content anomaly limits warming of the sea surface temperature in the uptake region and allows the heat uptake to be sustained. Using an eddy-rich global climate model, the processes controlling the northward transport and convergence of the heat anomaly in the midlatitude Southern Ocean are investigated in an idealized 1% yr−1 increasing CO2 simulation. Heat budget analyses reveal that different processes dominate to the north and south of the main convergence region. The heat transport northward from the uptake region in the south is driven primarily by passive advection of the heat content anomaly by the existing time mean circulation, with a smaller 20% contribution from enhanced upwelling. The heat anomaly converges in the midlatitude deep mixed layers because there is not a corresponding increase in the mean heat transport out of the deep mixed layers northward into the mode w.
International Variations in Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Post Gynaecological Oncology Surgery: A Global Gynaecological Oncology Surgical Outcomes Collaborative Led Study (GO SOAR1)

Simple Summary Little is known about factors contributing to early post-operative morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries with a paucity of data limiting global efforts to improve gynaecological cancer care. In this multicentre, international prospective cohort study of women undergoing gynaecological oncology surgery, we show that low and middle versus high income countries were associated with similar post-operative major morbidity. Capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Abstract Gynaecological malignancies affect women in low and middle income countries (LMICs) at disproportionately higher rates compared with high income countries (HICs) with little known about variations in access, quality, and outcomes in global cancer care. Our study aims to evaluate international variation in post-operative morbidity and mortality following gynaecological oncology surgery between HIC and LMIC settings. Study design consisted of a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of women undergoing surgery for gynaecological malignancies (NCT04579861). Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested-models of patients within hospitals/countries. We enrolled 1820 patients from 73 hospitals in 27 countries. Minor morbidity (Clavien–Dindo I–II) was 26.5% (178/672) and 26.5% (267/1009), whilst major morbidity (Clavien–Dindo III–V) was 8.2% (55/672) and 7% (71/1009) for LMICs/HICs, respectively. Higher minor morbidity was associated with pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation (OR = 1.474, 95%CI = 1.054–2.061, p = 0.023), longer surgeries (OR = 1.253, 95%CI = 1.066–1.472, p = 0.006), greater blood loss (OR = 1.274, 95%CI = 1.081–1.502, p = 0.004). Higher major morbidity was associated with longer surgeries (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.128–1.664, p = 0.002), greater blood loss (OR = 1.398, 95%CI = 1.175–1.664, p ≤ 0.001), and seniority of lead surgeon, with junior surgeons three times more likely to have a major complication (OR = 2.982, 95%CI = 1.509–5.894, p = 0.002). Of all surgeries, 50% versus 25% were performed by junior surgeons in LMICs/HICs, respectively. We conclude that LMICs and HICs were associated with similar post-operative major morbidity. Capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention.