Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Negative video as structure: Emotion, attention, capacity, and memory

This paper uses a limited capacity information processing theory of television viewing to investigate the effects of graphic negative video at four levels of processing (attention, capacity, encoding, and retrieval) and on two dimensions of emotional experience (arousal and valence). Results indicate that the presence of negative video in news stories increases attention, increases the amount of capacity required to process the message, increases the ability to retrieve the story, facilitates recognition of information presented during the negative video and inhibits recognition for information presented before the negative video. Results also indicate that the introduction of negative video increases the self‐reported negative emotional impact of the story — making it more arousing and more negative.
The precision of 12-month-old infants’ link between language and categorization predicts vocabulary size at 12 and 18 months

Infants’ initially broad links between language and object categories are increasingly tuned, becoming more precise by the end of their first year. In a longitudinal study, we asked whether individual differences in the precision of infants’ links at 12 months of age are related to vocabulary development. We found that, at 12 months, infants who had already established a precise link between labels and categories understood more words than those whose link was still broad. Six months later, this advantage held: At 18 months, infants who had demonstrated a precise link at 12 months knew and produced more words than did infants who had demonstrated a broad link at 12 months. We conclude that individual differences in the precision of 12-month-old infants’ links between language and categories provide a reliable window into their vocabulary development. We consider several causal explanations of this relation.
Effect of Engine Speed on Intake Valve Flow Characteristics of a Diesel Engine An Analysis Using Particle Image Velocimetry

In this work, an attempt was made to study the effect of engine speed on the intake valve flow characteristics of a single-cylinder, direct-injection, diesel engine using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The analysis of flow was made at the exit of the intake valve of the engine on a vertical plane passing through the axis of the valve, at different airflow rates corresponding to the different engine speeds at the maximum valve lift under static conditions. For every airflow condition, average velocity fields along with streamline pattern, contours of turbulent kinetic energy, radial and axial velocity components were estimated and analyzed. From the analysis of results, it was observed that the engine speed does not affect the direction of the velocity vectors significantly. However, its effect on the radial and axial velocity components is pronounced. Finally, it is suggested that the intake airflow analysis carried out in this work would be very much useful for the optimization of the combustion chamber of the modern internal combustion engines.
Barry J. Blake, Case. (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. xviii+229.

structures, rather than SPE-style matrices), another shot at prosodic structures, and a modal tense logic for reasoning about temporal intervals. The extensive bibliography is followed by a language index, including for each entry details of the language family, geographical location and, where relevant, date of extinction; a name index and the usual subject index. Sticklers for adequate indexing will not be disappointed. Bird writes in an intelligent yet accessible style. His arguments are often expressed briefly, with minimal exemplification, yet he has a knack of homing in on the heart of the matter. He might have made more concessions to a readership of phonologists, as they stand to gain most from this book, in my opinion. The typography and layout of the book is excellent, and in all the logical formulae, phonological statements, diagrams and text I found no errors. I am sure that it could be an important contribution to theoretical phonology, if phonologists would study it carefully and take note once again of what REAL generative grammar offers.
RECOVERY FROM MARROW FAILURE FOLLOWING ISOGENIC MARROW INFUSION.

AN IMMUNOLOGIC BARRIER to transplantation does not exist when donor and host are of the same genetic origin (isogenic). In several species, including man, an infusion of isogenic marrow has been effective in restoring marrow function after lethal irradiation. 1-3 Similarly, isogenic marrow may in some instances prevent death from marrow failure following chemotherapy for malignant disease. 4-6 This report describes a case of idiopathic bone-marrow failure with recovery following an infusion of isogenic marrow from an identical twin. Four similar cases are reviewed. 7-9 Report of a Case In a 9-year-old girl, one of a set of identical twins, severe epistaxis and hematemesis developed in January, 1962. There was no history of any preceding upper-respiratorytract infection nor of exposure to toxic agents or drugs. She was treated with iron, cortisone acetate, and two blood transfusions. Because of continued nosebleeds, she was referred to the University Hospital on Feb 18,
Emergence of Stable Coalitions via Negotiation of Task Exchanges

Autonomous agents interacting in an open world can be considered to be primarily driven by self interests. In this paper, we evaluate the hypotheses that self-interested agents with complementary expertise can learn to recognize cooperation possibilities and develop stable, mutually beneficial coalitions that is resistant to exploitation by malevolent agents. Previous work in this area has prescribed a strategy of reciprocal behavior for promoting and sustaining cooperation among self-interested agents. That work had considered only the task completion time as the cost metric. To represent more realistic domains, we expand the cost metric by using both the time of delivery and quality of work. In contrast to the previous work, we use heterogeneous agents with varying expertise for different job types. This necessitates the incorporation of the novel aspect of learning about other‘s capabilities within the reciprocity framework.
Attack, inhibition and target of aggression†

Predictions concerning aggression displacement, derived from Miller's conflict model, were investigated under conditions in which subjects' inhibitions about aggressing against an attacker were manipulated. Half of the high-attacked subjects were placed in a high-inhibition situation, designed so that strong inhibitory tendencies competed with strong aggressive tendencies; the remaining high-attacked subjects were placed in a low-inhibition situation, designed so that weak inhibitory tendencies competed with strong aggressive tendencies. Low-attacked control subjects also received the inhibition treatment. High- and low-attacked subjects were then confronted with one of four target persons, varying in similarity, toward whom they could aggress with electric shock. As expected, under high inhibition, the target most similar to the attacker received more shocks from high-attacked subjects than did either the attacker or two less similar targets. Contrary to expectation, the attacker did not receive the most shocks under low inhibition; personality evaluations of the attacker suggested that high-attacked subjects in substitute target conditions may have been unintentionally angered further by being denied the opportunity for direct retaliation.
SMT-Based Reasoning for Uncertain Hybrid Domains

Many practical applications ( e.g. , plannning for cyber-physical systems) require reasoning about hybrid domains that contain both probabilistic and nondeterministic parametric uncertainty. In general, this is an undecidable problem. We use δ -satisﬁability to sidestep undecidability, and we develop an algorithm that computes an enclosure for the range of probability of reaching a goal region in a given number of discrete steps. We utilize SMT techniques that enable reasoning in a safe way, i.e. , the computed enclosure is formally guaranteed to contain the reachability probability. We demonstrate the usefulness of our technique on challenging nonlinear hybrid domains.
Ambient Systems , Networks and Technologies ( ANT-2014 ) A survey on the use of computational models for ex ante analysis of urban transport policy instruments

This paper provides an analysis of the use of computational models for predicting the effects of different policy instruments on urban transport systems. We define a framework for describing and comparing current approaches that takes into account (i) what policy instruments are studied, (ii) what type of effects are predicted, (iii) which factors are modeled, (iv) the type of model used, and (v) what data sources are used. The main conclusions of the analysis are: (i) despite the recognized potential of agent-based modeling to study behavioural change of a population, it rarely has been used for ex-ante analysis of policy instruments using real-world data, (ii) some factors that influence travellers’ decisions, such as comfort and departure time, have not been considered much in the modeling, (iii) ex-ante analysis of economic instruments constitute the majority of studies, but informative instruments have been recently considered due to the increasing use of information technology in transportation. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Elhadi M. Shakshuki.
Research on Group-Housing for Sows

Sow housing is a controversy issue in the swine industry. The conventional confinement housing system for sows, such as gestation stalls and farrowing crates have been used in the western countries for more than 30 years. Despite the advantages of confinement sow housing systems, concern over sow welfare due to restriction of movement has resulted in gestation stalls being banned in the European Union and several states in the U.S. In addition, the largest pork producers in the U.S. and Canada, some chain restaurants and grocery stores have announced to phase out gestation stalls in favor of group housing systems. However, group-housing systems for gestating sows present challenges of controlling individual feed intake and fighting at mixing. To control individual feed intake, several feeding systems, such as electronic sow feeders, free access stalls, and trickle feeding systems have been developed for group-housed gestating sows. Each feeding system has advantages and disadvantages in terms of controlling individual feed intake, efficient use of floor space, and facility investment. Regardless of the type of feeding facility chosen, all group-housing systems subject sows to aggression at mixing, which compromises the welfare and performance of sows. Management strategies to minimize aggression among sows include nutritional, social, and physical interventions. Scientists at the University of Minnesota investigated whether these management strategies, such as supplementation of dietary tryptophan, mixing after pregnancy confirmation, sorting by parity, and providing hiding spaces could reduce aggression among sows. The data showed that some management strategies reduced aggression-associated injuries and improved farrowing rates, suggesting that the welfare and performance of group-housed gestating sows can be safeguarded by proper management strategies and housing facilities.
Evidence-Based Couple Therapy for Chronic Illnesses: Enriching the Emotional Quality of Relationships With Emotionally Focused Therapy

Chronic illness affects couples' relationship dynamics, as well as individual functioning. A chronic illness may present a significant amount of stress for both the patient and partner. This article discusses the application of an empirically supported couples' therapy approach, emotionally focused therapy, to address relationship distress and individual functioning in the context of chronic illness. Two case examples show how couples can learn to enrich the emotional quality of their relationship; express their innermost feelings of fear, sadness, and loneliness to each other to expand their emotional experiences; and meet each others' needs for safety, comfort, and security, despite the limitations and challenges presented by chronic illnesses.
6-Hydroxydopamine lesions of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys enhance performance on an analog of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test: possible interactions with subcortical dopamine

The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys were investigated on two cognitive tests of prefrontal function, spatial delayed response, and attentional set shifting. The latter test provided a componential analysis of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test, a commonly used clinical test of frontal lobe function in man. Acquisition of a visual compound discrimination requiring a shift of attention from one dimension to another (extradimensional shift), for example, shapes to lines, was significantly improved. This enhancement was behaviorally specific in that there were no effects on acquisition of a discrimination that required the continued maintenance of an attentional set toward one particular dimension (intradimensional shift), nor any effects on a series of visual or spatial discrimination reversals that involved the repeated shifting of responding between two exemplars from the same dimension. In contrast, spatial delayed response performance was impaired, in agreement with previous results. Neurochemical measures showed a marked depletion of dopamine limited to the prefrontal cortex and a smaller loss of prefrontal noradrenaline. This was accompanied by a long-term adaptive change in the striatum such that extracellular dopamine in the caudate nucleus, as measured by in vivo microdialysis, was elevated in response to potassium stimulation as long as 18 months postsurgery. It is proposed that attentional set shifting is mediated by a balanced interaction between prefrontal and striatal dopamine, and that elevated dopamine contributes to the improvement in attentional set-shifting ability. This interpretation is consistent with the impairment in attentional set-shifting ability observed in patients with Parkinson's disease or with damage to the frontal lobes using the same test as used here for infrahuman primates.
ESRD After Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With CKD.

BACKGROUND How cardiovascular (CV) events affect progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), particularly in the setting of type 2 diabetes, remains uncertain. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 4,022 patients with type 2 diabetes, anemia, and chronic kidney disease from the Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events With Aranesp Therapy (TREAT). PREDICTOR Postrandomization CV events. OUTCOMES ESRD (defined as initiation of dialysis for >30 days, kidney transplantation, or refusal or nonavailability of renal replacement therapy) and post-ESRD mortality within 30 days and during overall follow-up after an intercurrent CV event. LIMITATIONS Population limited to clinical trial participants with diabetes and anemia. RESULTS 155 of 652 (23.8%) ESRD cases occurred after an intercurrent CV event; 110 (16.9%) cases followed heart failure, 28 (4.3%) followed myocardial infarction, 12 (1.84%) followed stroke, and 5 (0.77%) followed multiple CV events. ESRD rate was higher within 30 days in individuals with an intercurrent CV event compared with those without an intercurrent event (HR, 22.2; 95% CI, 17.0-29.0). Compared to no intercurrent CV events, relative risks for ESRD were higher after the occurrence of heart failure overall (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.7-4.2) and at 30 days (HR, 20.1; 95% CI, 14.5-27.9) than after myocardial infarction or stroke (P<0.001). Compared with individuals without pre-ESRD events, those with ESRD following intercurrent CV events were older, were more likely to have prior CV disease, and had higher (24.4 vs 23.1mL/min/1.73m2; P=0.01) baseline estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) and higher eGFRs at last measurement before ESRD (18.6 vs 15.2mL/min/1.73m2; P<0.001), whereas race, sex, and medication use were similar. Post-ESRD mortality was similar (P=0.3) with and without preceding CV events. CONCLUSIONS Most ESRD cases occurred in individuals without intercurrent CV events who had lower eGFRs than individuals with intercurrent CV events, but similar post-ESRD mortality. Nevertheless, intercurrent CV events, particularly heart failure, are strongly associated with risk for ESRD. These findings underscore the need for kidney-specific therapies in addition to treatment of CV risk factors to lower ESRD incidence in diabetes.
Higher-Order Logic Programming as Constraint Logic Programming

Higher-order logic programming (HOLP) languages are particularly useful for various kinds of metaprogramming and theorem proving tasks because of the logical support for variable binding via λabstraction. They have been used for a wide range of applications including theorem proving, programming language interpretation, type inference, compilation, and natural language parsing. Despite their utility, current language implementations have acquired a well-deserved reputation for being inefficient. In this paper we argue that HOLP languages can reasonably be viewed as Constraint Logic Programming (CLP) languages, and show how this can be expected to lead to more practical implementations by applying the known principles for the design and implementation of practical CLP systems.
Effects of Temperature on Development of Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Use of Developmental Data in Determining Time Intervals in Forensic Entomology

Abstract Precise developmental data for forensic indicator blow fly species are essential for accuracy in the estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Why, then, does the determination of the PMI result in conflicting time frames when published conspecific developmental data are used? To answer this question, we conducted constant temperature trials between the developmental minimum temperature and upper threshold temperatures (8–32°C) on the forensically important blow fly species Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Flies were reared using two designs to quantify sources of variation. We measured rearing container temperatures and internal growth chamber temperatures by using thermocouples to accurately record temperatures experienced by larvae and to construct a degree-day model. Differences in experimental design, as seen across temperature studies for this fly species, did not significantly impact larval development. We also found that using set chamber temperatures rather than rearing container temperatures altered the final degree-day model. Using any minimum threshold (including an empirically determined true minimum) other than that from linear interpolation (x-intercept) violated degree-day assumptions and invalidated estimates of the PMI. We observed the minimum developmental temperature to be higher (14°C) than that generated under the x-intercept method (5.46°C) by using data from oviposition to adult emergence. This difference along with the noted difference in accumulated degree-days (using different base temperatures) suggests a need for additional experimentation on other forensically important fly species at low temperature thresholds to help with development of curvilinear models. Former and current estimates of the PMI may be inaccurate if the process to determine the time frame ignored degree-day model assumptions or was based upon questionable data sets.
Competency needs in Irish hotels: employer and graduate perspectives

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate hotel industry employers' expectations of, and satisfaction with, graduate competencies in comparison with graduate perceptions of what is required for their roles and their satisfaction with how well their education experience prepared them.Design/methodology/approach – The research involved a questionnaire survey of 41 employers and 33 graduates in the Irish hotel sector, supplemented by a series of interviews. This sector was chosen because it represents the main destination of graduates who specialise in hospitality and tourism management.Findings – The competencies consistently regarded as important across both samples related to interpersonal and professional knowledge skill domains. However, a number of gaps were evident with regard to satisfaction with how the education experience prepared graduates for careers in the industry.Research limitations/implications – The study was confined to graduate and employer views on hospitality and tourism ma.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: image quality, ductal morphology, and value of additional T2‐ and T1‐weighted sequences for the assessment of suspected pancreatic cancer

Purpose: To assess image quality and duct morphology on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and also the value of additional T2‐ and T1‐weighted sequences for differentiation of benignity and malignancy in patients with suspected pancreatic tumors. Material and Methods: One‐hundred‐and‐fourteen patients received MRCP and unenhanced and contrast material‐enhanced MR imaging. MR results were analyzed independently by two blinded readers, and subsequently correlated with the results from surgery, biopsy, and follow‐up. Assessment included the evaluation of image quality, duct visualization and morphology, and the differentiation of pancreatic lesion status (benign versus malignant). Results: Overall, 49 patients had benign final diagnoses, while 65 had a malignant diagnosis. Image quality of single‐shot thick‐slab MRCP was rated significantly better than the MIP images of multisection MRCP. With MRCP alone, the two readers' accuracy in the assessment of pancreatic lesion status was 72% (95% CI, 64% to 83%) and 69% (95% CI, 56% to 77%), respectively; with the addition of T2‐ and T1‐weighted images the accuracy significantly improved to 89% (95% CI, 82% to 95%) and 84% (95% CI, 77% to 92%) for readers 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion: Single‐shot thick‐slab MRCP and multisection MRCP provide complementary results; however, single‐shot MRCP had superior image quality. Moreover, assessment of ductal morphology with MRCP alone facilitated the diagnosis of different pathologic conditions of the pancreatobiliary system in the majority of patients. However, with the addition of T2‐ and T1‐weighted sequences the overall diagnostic accuracy was significantly improved and thus we consider that a comprehensive MR approach should comprise both MRCP techniques and parenchymal sequences.