Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparative radiographic investigation of femoroacetabular impingement in young patients with and without hip pain

OBJECTIVE: To compare the existence of radiographic abnormalities in two groups of patients, those with and without hip pain. METHODS: A total 222 patients were evaluated between March 2007 and April 2009; 122 complained of groin pain, and 100 had no symptoms. The individuals in both groups underwent radiographic examinations of the hip using the following views: anteroposterior, Lequesne false profile, Dunn, Dunn 45°, and Ducroquet. RESULTS: A total of 1110 radiographs were evaluated. Female patients were prevalent in both groups (52% symptomatic, 58% asymptomatic). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in age (p<0.0001), weight (p = 0.002) and BMI (p = 0.006). The positive findings in the group with groin pain consisted of the presence of a bump on the femoral head in the anteroposterior view (p<0.0001) or in the Dunn 45° view (p = 0.008). The difference in the α angle in the anteroposterior, Dunn, Dunn 45°, and Ducroquet views for all of the cases studied was p<0.0001. The joint space measurement differed significantly between groups in the Lequesne view (p = 0.007). The Lequesne anteversion angle (ρ) and the femoral offset measurement also differed significantly (p = 0.005 and p = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the best views for diagnosing a femoroacetabular impingement are the anteroposterior pelvic orthostatic, the Dunn 45°, and the Ducroquet views. The following findings correlated with hip pain: a decrease in the femoral offset, an increase in the α angle, an increase in the Lequesne ρ angle, a decrease in the CE angle of Wiberg, a thinner articular space and the presence of a bump on the femoral head-neck transition.
Cyfra 21-1 in Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Preliminary Results

where: A is [St 1] [St 0] = 2.9 ng/ml B is mean St 1 (cpm) mean St 0 (cpm) C is MDC in ng/ml Dis 2 SD ofSt 0 (cpm). The reproducibility of the assay was demonstrated both intraassay and interassay. Three samples were tested twice during the same assay (intraassay), with coefficients of variation below 5% (Tab. II). Two samples did not show coefficients of variation above 10% when assessed in 5 different analyses (interassay) (Tab. III). A linear relationship between cytokeratin 19 measurements and dilutions of a sample known to contain a high level of this marker was obtained by a dilution test: y = 27.12 1O--6x 73.309 10-4; r = 0.99, This linearity among consecutive dilutions of a sample was also observed when the test was carried out with
On the rise of artificial trending topics in twitter

We present a quanti-qualitative research about Trending Topics in Twitter. Our goal was to investigate how social networks can interfere in Trending Topics seeking for visibility and based on social capital, using bridging and bonding ties. We collected, analyzed and classified 460 topics from the Brazilian Trending Topics' List and the social networks associated to 40 of those. Our results point to two types of topics: artificial topics, created by groups of users consciously acting to put their message among the Trending Topics, usually to make statements and gain visibility to their causes; and organic topics, which emerge without effortful coordination by a group of people. While organic topics rely on values such as novelty and spread through bridging ties, artificial topics are based on bonding ties, with associated values such as engagement, cooperation and trust among the actors.
Estimated energy balance in female university students: differences with respect to body mass index and concern about body weight.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships between concern over bodyweight, anthropometric parameters (both real and ideal) and estimated energy balance. DESIGN Prospective study. SUBJECTS 126 young, female university students from Madrid, Spain, between the ages of 19 and 36. MEASUREMENTS Energy intake was measured by means of a "seven day food record'. Anthropometric data were collected both at the beginning of the study and at 30 d to determine any change in weight. Subjects were grouped with respect to body mass index (BMI) (BMI < 30th percentile, between 30th and 60th percentiles and > or = 60th percentile). Subjects also completed a questionnaire asking if they would like to lose some weight. RESULTS The concern of these young women about their body image was greater amongst those with higher BMI. However, 31.6% of subjects with BMI falling < 30th percentile (< 20.1 Kg/m2) wished to lose some weight. Though the mean discrepancy between energy intake and estimated energy expenditure was 5.7%, there were great differences with respect to BMI and concern expressed about bodyweight. The declared energy intake was 9.3% greater than estimated energy expenditure in very thin subjects (BMI < 30th percentile) who expressed no desire to lose weight. However, in subjects with BMI between the 30th and 60th percentiles and who wanted to lose weight, declared energy intake was 11.4% below estimated expenditure. Similarly in subjects with BMI > or = 60th percentile, declared energy intake was 15.7% below estimated expenditure. CONCLUSION In order to gain more exact knowledge of food intake in dietary studies, factors such as subject BMI and desire for a different bodyweight should be taken into account.
A Novel Approach for Super Resolution in Medical Imaging

The recent increase in the wide use of digital imaging technologies in consumer (e.g., digital video) and other areas (e.g., security and military) has brought with it a simultaneous demand for higher-resolution images. The demand for such high-resolution (HR) images can be met by algorithmic advances in super-resolution (SR) technology intended with hardware development. Such HR images not only give the viewer a more pleasing picture but also offer additional details that are important for subsequent analysis in many applications. Therefore, a resolution enhancement (super-resolution) approach using computational, mathematical, and statistical techniques has received a great deal of attention recently. One promising approach is to use signal-processing techniques to obtain an HR image (or sequence) from observed multiple low- resolution (LR) images. The major advantage of this approach is that it may cost less and the existing LR imaging systems can still be utilized. These High resolution images are frequently required in biomedical applications, because the HR images provide the accurate spatial and intensity information for correct diagnosis. In various MR imaging techniques, which are important for early medical diagnosis purposes.
Constrained sampling experiments reveal principles of detection in natural scenes

Significance The visibility of a target object may be affected by the specific properties of the background scene at and near the target’s location, and by how uncertain the observer is (from one occasion to the next) about the values of the background and target properties. An experimental technique was used to measure how several background properties, and uncertainty, affect human detection thresholds for target objects in natural scenes. The thresholds varied in a highly lawful fashion—multidimensional Weber’s law—that is predicted directly from the statistical structure of natural scenes. The results suggest that the neural gain control mechanisms underlying multidimensional Weber’s law evolved because they are optimal for detection in natural scenes under conditions of high uncertainty. A fundamental everyday visual task is to detect target objects within a background scene. Using relatively simple stimuli, vision science has identified several major factors that affect detection thresholds, including the luminance of the background, the contrast of the background, the spatial similarity of the background to the target, and uncertainty due to random variations in the properties of the background and in the amplitude of the target. Here we use an experimental approach based on constrained sampling from multidimensional histograms of natural stimuli, together with a theoretical analysis based on signal detection theory, to discover how these factors affect detection in natural scenes. We sorted a large collection of natural image backgrounds into multidimensional histograms, where each bin corresponds to a particular luminance, contrast, and similarity. Detection thresholds were measured for a subset of bins spanning the space, where a natural background was randomly sampled from a bin on each trial. In low-uncertainty conditions, both the background bin and the amplitude of the target were fixed, and, in high-uncertainty conditions, they varied randomly on each trial. We found that thresholds increase approximately linearly along all three dimensions and that detection accuracy is unaffected by background bin and target amplitude uncertainty. The results are predicted from first principles by a normalized matched-template detector, where the dynamic normalizing gain factor follows directly from the statistical properties of the natural backgrounds. The results provide an explanation for classic laws of psychophysics and their underlying neural mechanisms.
How questions are posed to a search engine? An empiricial analysis of question queries in a large scale Persian search engine log

In this paper we investigate a Persian search engine log and present a comprehensive analysis of question queries in three levels: structure, click and topic. By analyzing question queries characteristics, we explore behavior of Persian language users. Our experimental results show that question queries length are larger than normal queries. Most of these queries contained question words "How" and "What" and their topics were mainly about health, policy, religion and society.
The role of context on α‐helix stabilization: Host‐guest analysis in a mixed background peptide model

The helix content of a series of peptides containing single substitutions of the 20 natural amino acids in a new designed host sequence, succinyl‐YSEEEEKAKKAXAEEAEKKKK‐NH2, has been determined using CD spectroscopy. This host is related to one previously studied, in which triple amino acid substitutions were introduced into a background of Glu‐Lys blocks completely lacking alanine. The resulting free energies show that only Ala and Glu− prove to be helix stabilizing, while all other side chains are neutral or destabilizing. This agrees with results from studies of alanine‐rich peptide models, but not the previous Glu‐Lys block oligomers in which Leu and Met also stabilize helix. The helix propensity scale derived from the previous block oligomers correlated well with the frequencies of occurrence of different side chains in helical sequences of proteins, whereas the values from the present series do not. The role of context in determining scales of helix propensity values is discussed, and the ability of algorithms designed to predict helix structure from sequence is compared.
A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness

Social and demographic trends are placing an increasing number of adults at risk for loneliness, an established risk factor for physical and mental illness. The growing costs of loneliness have led to a number of loneliness reduction interventions. Qualitative reviews have identified four primary intervention strategies: (a) improving social skills, (b) enhancing social support, (c) increasing opportunities for social contact, and (d) addressing maladaptive social cognition. An integrative meta-analysis of loneliness reduction interventions was conducted to quantify the effects of each strategy and to examine the potential role of moderator variables. Results revealed that single-group pre-post and nonrandomized comparison studies yielded larger mean effect sizes relative to randomized comparison studies. Among studies that used the latter design, the most successful interventions addressed maladaptive social cognition. This is consistent with current theories regarding loneliness and its etiology. Theoretical and methodological issues associated with designing new loneliness reduction interventions are discussed.
Cognitive behavioral therapy vs zopiclone for treatment of chronic primary insomnia in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Insomnia is a common condition in older adults and is associated with a number of adverse medical, social, and psychological consequences. Previous research has suggested beneficial outcomes of both psychological and pharmacological treatments, but blinded placebo-controlled trials comparing the effects of these treatments are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine short- and long-term clinical efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacological treatment in older adults experiencing chronic primary insomnia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of 46 adults (mean age, 60.8 y; 22 women) with chronic primary insomnia conducted between January 2004 and December 2005 in a single Norwegian university-based outpatient clinic for adults and elderly patients. INTERVENTION CBT (sleep hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus control, cognitive therapy, and relaxation; n = 18), sleep medication (7.5-mg zopiclone each night; n = 16), or placebo medication (n = 12). All treatment duration was 6 weeks, and the 2 active treatments were followed up at 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ambulant clinical polysomnographic data and sleep diaries were used to determine total wake time, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and slow-wave sleep (only assessed using polysomnography) on all 3 assessment points. RESULTS CBT resulted in improved short- and long-term outcomes compared with zopiclone on 3 out of 4 outcome measures. For most outcomes, zopiclone did not differ from placebo. Participants receiving CBT improved their sleep efficiency from 81.4% at pretreatment to 90.1% at 6-month follow-up compared with a decrease from 82.3% to 81.9% in the zopiclone group. Participants in the CBT group spent much more time in slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4) compared with those in other groups, and spent less time awake during the night. Total sleep time was similar in all 3 groups; at 6 months, patients receiving CBT had better sleep efficiency using polysomnography than those taking zopiclone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that interventions based on CBT are superior to zopiclone treatment both in short- and long-term management of insomnia in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00295386.
Dynamic changes in the microbial community composition in 6 microbial fuel cells fed with sucrose 7 8 9

38 The performance and dynamics of the bacterial communities in the biofilm and suspended 39 culture in the anode chamber of sucrose-fed microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were studied by using 40 Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA genes 41 followed by species identification by sequencing. The power density of MFCs was correlated to 42 the relative proportions of species obtained from DGGE analysis in order to detect bacterial 43 species or taxonomic classes with important functional role in electricity production. Although 44 replicate MFCs showed similarity in performance, cluster analysis of DGGE profiles revealed 45 differences in the evolution of bacterial communities between replicate MFCs. No correlation 46 was found between the proportion trends of specific species and the enhancement of power 47 output. However, in all MFCs putative exoelectrogenic denitrifiers and sulphate-reducers 48 accounted for approximately 24% of the bacterial biofilm community at the end of the study. 49 Pareto-Lorenz evenness distribution curves extracted from the DGGE patterns obtained from 50 time-course samples indicated community structures where shifts between functionally similar 51 species occur, as observed within the predominant fermentative bacteria. These results suggest 52 the presence of functional redundancy within the anodic communities, a probable indication that 53 stable MFC performance can be maintained in changing environmental conditions. The 54 capability of bacteria to adapt to electricity generation might be present among a wide range of 55 bacteria. 56
Versican and brevican are expressed with distinct pathology in neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic injury

The developing brain is uniquely susceptible to injury after exposure to hypoxia‐ischemia (H‐I). Lecticans are developmentally regulated in formative white matter and exert growth‐inhibitory effects in several adult injury models, yet little is known regarding their role in neonatal H‐I injury. The main objectives of this study were to examine the expression profiles of brevican and versican in rat using a standard H‐I model and to determine whether altered expression was associated with distinct components of white and gray matter pathology. The H‐I procedure in postnatal day 7 rats produced progressive injury limited to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Cresyl violet staining revealed severe cavitary infarctions at 14 and 21 days that were absent at 4 days. Cellular damage, as measured by glial fibrillary acidic protein and fractin immunoreactivity, occurred in cortical and subcortical gray matter at all end points. O4 sulfatide immunoreactivity was reduced in the external capsule, hippocampal fimbria, and corpus striatum at 4 days relative to that contralaterally, suggesting the loss of preoligodendrocytes. Brevican expression was reduced in the cortex and hippocampus at 4 days but was markedly elevated at later end points, localizing to regions of cellular damage both in and proximal to the lesion core. However, versican was reduced in the external capsule 4 days after H‐I, a reduction that was sustained up to 21 days in white matter. These data demonstrate unique expression profiles for lecticans after neonatal H‐I, suggesting brevican deposition is elevated in response to progressive gray matter injury, whereas diminished versican expression may be associated with deep cerebral white matter injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the 5-HT1A Receptor Antagonist AZD7371 Tartrate Monohydrate (Robalzotan Tartrate Monohydrate) in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the efficacy and safety of the 5-hydroxytrypamine 1A (5-HT1A) receptor antagonist AZD7371 tartrate monohydrate (robalzotan tartrate monohydrate), termed AZD7371 here, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS:Patients meeting the Rome II criteria for IBS (N = 402) were randomized to treatment with AZD7371 20 mg or 5 mg or matching placebo tablets twice daily for 12 wk. The patients completed daily and weekly diary assessments, reporting abdominal discomfort or pain and description of bowel movements. They also completed validated symptom and quality-of-life questionnaires.RESULTS:Neither AZD7371 regimen was significantly more effective than placebo in providing adequate relief from IBS symptoms in at least 2 out of 4 wk per month over the 12 wk of treatment. There was also no significant difference between the treatment groups and placebo in the change in score in the validated symptom and quality-of-life questionnaires. Overall, 22.1% of patients experienced adverse events (AEs) attributed to the study medication: 44 of 133 (33.1%) in the 20 mg AZD7371 group, 27 of 131 (20.6%) in the 5 mg AZD7371 group, and 17 of 134 (12.7%) in the placebo group. Also, 31 of 57 (54%) of AEs leading to discontinuation were central nervous system-related. Hallucinations or hallucination-like AEs were reported by eight patients taking AZD7371, and by none of the patients in the placebo group. After these events led to discontinuation in six patients, the study was prematurely terminated.CONCLUSIONS:In view of the AE profile and lack of efficacy in IBS, the clinical development of AZD7371 has been stopped.
Fault and Byzantine Tolerant Self-stabilizing Mobile Robots Gathering - Feasibility Study -

Gathering is a fundamental coordination problem in cooperative mobile robotics. In short, given a set of robots with arbitrary initial locations and no initial agreement on a global coordinate system, gathering requires that all robots, following their algorithm, reach the exact same but not predetermined location. Gathering is particularly challenging in networks where robots are oblivious (i.e., stateless) and direct communication is replaced by observations on their respective locations. Interestingly any algorithm that solves gathering with oblivious robots is inherently self-stabilizing if no specific assumption is made on the initial distribution of the robots. In this paper, we significantly extend the studies of de-terministic gathering feasibility under different assumptions This manuscript considerably extends preliminary results presented as an extended abstract at the DISC 2006 conference [7]. The current version is under review at Distributed Computing Journal since February 2012 (in a previous form) and since 2014 in the current form. The most important results have been also presented in MAC 2010 organized in Ottawa from August 15th to 17th 2010 related to synchrony and faults (crash and Byzantine). Unlike prior work, we consider a larger set of scheduling strategies , such as bounded schedulers. In addition, we extend our study to the feasibility of probabilistic self-stabilizing gathering in both fault-free and fault-prone environments.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Network for Mixed-Initiative Human-Robot Interaction

The service robot supports people in their daily activities, while the interaction between humans and robots seems to be an important part of its performance. Dialogue may be beneficial to the robot to increase the flexibility and facility of the interaction. Traditional robots have merely dealt with simple queries like commands, but in conversation people often omit some words because of the background knowledge or the context of the conversation. Since environments contain various uncertainties, managing the context of a dialogue or the uncertainties should be necessary to support smarter service robots. In order to establish a natural communication between people and robots, we have been investigating the use of mixed-initiative interaction that prompts for missing concepts and clarifies for spurious concepts. Hierarchically designed Bayesian networks are presented for the mixed-initiative interaction. A simulation and a real robot are constructed for the demonstration of the proposed method, and experiments also show the usefulness.
PSR J1740+1000: A Young Pulsar Well Out of the Galactic Plane

We discuss PSR J1740+1000, one of five pulsars recently discovered in a search of 470 deg2 at 430 MHz during the upgrade of the 305 m Arecibo Telescope. The period P = 154 ms and period derivative Ṗ = 2.1 × 10-14 s s-1 imply a spin-down age τs = P/2Ṗ = 114 kyr that is smaller than 95% of all known pulsars. The youth and proximity of this pulsar make it a good candidate for detection at X-ray and gamma-ray energies. Its high Galactic latitude (b = 20.°4) suggests a very high velocity if the pulsar was born in the midplane of the Galaxy and if its kinematic age equals its spin-down age. Interstellar scintillations, however, suggest a much lower velocity. We discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy, taking into account (1) possible birth sites away from the midplane; (2) contributions from the unmeasured radial velocity; (3) a kinematic age different from the spin-down age; and (4) biasing of the scintillation velocity by enhanced scattering from the North Polar Spur.