Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling Analysis of IP Traffic Components

In this paper a comprehensive scaling analysis of IP traffic and its components is presented. We focus on the correlation and scaling behavior of IP traffic components on both transport and application layers. It is shown that the corre lation structure of the aggregation is mainly determined by the component with the highest variance and correlations at the investigated time scale. It is also demonstrated that WAN traffic can exhibit complex multifractal structure even at large time scales. The aim of the paper is to understand the characteristics of the aggregated IP traffic by analyzin g its individual components.
ec 2 00 3 An Introduction to Conformal Ricci Flow

We introduce a variation of the classical Ricci flow equation that modifies the unit volume constraint of that equation to a scalar curvature constraint. The resulting equations are named the conformal Ricci flow equations because of the role that conformal geometry plays in constraining the scalar curvature and because these equations are the vector field sum of a conformal flow equation and a Ricci flow equation. These new equations are given by
Aperture: An Open Web 2.0 Visualization Framework

Aperture is an open, adaptable and extensible Web 2.0 visualization framework, designed to produce visualizations for analysts and decision makers in any common web browser. Aperture utilizes a novel layer based approach to visualization assembly, and a data mapping API that simplifies the process of adaptable transformation of data and analytic results into visual forms and properties. This common visual layer and data mapping API, combined with core elements such as contextually derivable color palettes, layout and symbol ontology services is designed to enable highly creative and expressive visual analytics, rapidly and with less effort. This paper introduces the Aperture framework, describing key features of the programming API and reference implementation, presents example use cases, and proposes an approach for measuring technical performance metrics for software development, and operational performance metrics for visualization support of analysis and decision making.
Utilization of Primary-Secondary Cross-Interference via Adaptive Precoding in Cognitive Relay Assisted MIMO Wireless Systems

This paper investigates linear precoding designs for cognitive relay assisted transmissions of coexisting radio systems. The aim of this work is to characterise the interference between the primary and secondary systems in the cognitive radio setup when transmission is assisted by a cognitive relay. While conventionally the aim of the relay is to completely remove the interference between primary and secondary transmissions, we explore the potential of making use of interference energy when the interference between the two systems is mutually constructive. In this direction two adaptive linear precoding techniques are proposed for the cognitive relay and compared to conventional precoding. The presented theoretical analysis and simulations show that the proposed outperform conventional techniques, as the existence of constructive interference energy improves the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) at both primary and secondary receivers.
CNS: A Content-centric Notification Service

This work demonstrates the benefit brought by COPSS for an efficient notification service, including the convenience of hierarchical group management, network efficiency and timeliness in delivering the notification. The work will also demonstrate a simple first-step authorization. Future work will include a more complete authorization, authentication, encryption and mobility support for a scalable notification service.
Disease-Associated Prion Protein Elicits Immunoglobulin M Responses In Vivo

Prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are believed to result from the misfolding of a widely expressed normal cellular prion protein, PrPc. The resulting disease-associated isoforms, PrPSc, have much higher β-sheet content, are insoluble in detergents, and acquire relative resistance to proteases. Although known to be highly aggregated and to form amyloid fibrils, the molecular architecture of PrPSc is poorly understood. To date, it has been impossible to elicit antibodies to native PrPSc that are capable of recognizing PrPSc without denaturation, even in Prn-Po/o mice that are intolerant of it. Here we demonstrate that antibodies for native PrPc and PrPSc can be produced by immunization of Prn-Po/o mice with partially purified PrPc and PrPSc adsorbed to immunomagnetic particles using high-affinity anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Interestingly, the polyclonal response to PrPSc was predominantly of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) isotype, unlike the immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses elicited by PrPc or by recombinant PrP adsorbed or not to immunomagnetic particles, presumably reflecting the polymeric structure of disease-associated prion protein. Although heat-denatured PrPSc elicited more diverse antibodies with the revelation of C-terminal epitopes, remarkably, these were also predominantly IgM suggesting that the increasing immunogenicity, acquisition of protease sensitivity, and reduction in infectivity induced by heat are not associated with dissociation of the PrP molecules in the diseased-associated protein. Adsorbing native proteins to immunomagnetic particles may have general applicability for raising polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to any native protein, without attempting laborious purification steps that might affect protein conformation.
The effect of spatial scales on the reproductive fitness of plant pathogens

Plant diseases often cause serious yield losses in agriculture. A pathogen's reproductive fitness can be quantified by the basic reproductive number, R0. Since pathogen transmission between host plants depends on the spatial separation between them, R0 is strongly influenced by the spatial scales of pathogen dispersal and the spatial scales of the host population. The basic reproductive number was found to increase with the field size at small field sizes and to saturate to a constant value at large field sizes. It reaches a maximum in quadratic fields and decreases as the field becomes elongated. This pattern appears to be quite general: it holds for dispersal kernels that decrease exponentially or faster as well as for "fat-tailed" dispersal kernels that decrease slower than exponential (i.e. power-law kernels). We used this approach to estimate R0 in wheat stripe rust (an important pathogen caused by Puccinia striiformis), since disease gradients for this pathogen were thoroughly measured over large distances [Sackett and Mundt, Phytopathology, 95, 983 (2005)]. For the two largest datasets, we estimated R0 in the limit of large fields to be of the order of 50. These estimates are consistent with independent field observations [Cowger et al. (2005), Phytopathology, 95, 97282; Farber et al. (2013), Phytopathology, 103, 41]. We present a proof of principle of a novel approach to estimate the basic reproductive number, R0, of plant pathogens using wheat stripe rust as a case study. We found that the spatial extent over which R0 changes strongly is quite fine-scaled (about 30 m of the linear extension of the field). Our results indicate that in order to optimize the spatial scale of deployment of fungicides or host resistances, the adjustments should be made at a fine spatial scale.
Influence of Vinasse Application in the Structure and Composition of the Bacterial Community of the Soil under Sugarcane Cultivation

Although the use of vinasse as a waste helps replenish soil nutrients and improves the quality of the sugarcane crop, it is known that vinasse residues alter the diversity of bacteria naturally present in the soil. The actual impacts of vinasse application on the selection of bacterial taxa are not understood because no studies have addressed this phenomenon directly. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone sequences from four soil types showed that the soil planted with sugarcane and fertilized with vinasse has a high diversity of bacteria compared to other biomes, where Acidobacteria were the second most abundant phylum. Although the composition and structure of bacterial communities differ significantly in the four environments (Libshuff's test), forest soils and soil planted with sugarcane without vinasse fertilizer were similar to each other because they share at least 28 OTUs related to Rhizobiales, which are important agents involved in nitrogen fixation. OTUs belonging to Actinomycetales were detected more often in the soil that had vinasse applied, indicating that these groups are more favored by this type of land management.
Macedonian and Slovenian Trade: Contrasting Patterns and Focus on the European Union

An American economist presents a statistical analysis of Macedonian foreign trade patterns since the break-up of former Yugoslavia, in the context of a comparison with Slovenia. After examining the countries' overall trade performance and policy, Gini-Hirshmann indexes of concentration, Grubel-Lloyd indexes of intraindustry trade, and similarity indexes are presented, and main exports from the two countries to the European Union are described. This provides a basis for assessing the progress of economic transition in the two countries, whether trade patterns are characteristic of developed or less-developed countries, and the possible extent of trade distortion prevailing during the Yugoslav period. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F14, P27, F13. 5 tables, 28 references.
SymmetriSense: Enabling Near-Surface Interactivity on Glossy Surfaces using a Single Commodity Smartphone

Driven to create intuitive computing interfaces throughout our everyday space, various state-of-the-art technologies have been proposed for near-surface localization of a user's finger input such as hover or touch. However, these works require specialized hardware not commonly available, limiting the adoption of such technologies. We present SymmetriSense, a technology enabling near-surface 3-dimensional fingertip localization above arbitrary glossy surfaces using a single commodity camera device such as a smartphone. SymmetriSense addresses the localization challenges in using a single regular camera by a novel technique utilizing the principle of reflection symmetry and the fingertip's natural reflection casted upon surfaces like mirrors, granite countertops, or televisions. SymmetriSense achieves typical accuracies at sub-centimeter levels in our localization tests with dozens of volunteers and remains accurate under various environmental conditions. We hope SymmetriSense provides a technical foundation on which various everyday near-surface interactivity can be designed.
Empirical analysis of the necessary and sufficient conditions of the echo state property

The Echo State Network (ESN) is a specific recurrent network, which has gained popularity during the last years. The model has a recurrent network named reservoir, that is fixed during the learning process. The reservoir is used for transforming the input space in a larger space. A fundamental property that provokes an impact on the model accuracy is the Echo State Property (ESP). There are two main theoretical results related to the ESP. First, a sufficient condition for the ESP existence that involves the singular values of the reservoir matrix. Second, a necessary condition for the ESP. The ESP can be violated according to the spectral radius value of the reservoir matrix. There is a theoretical gap between these necessary and sufficient conditions. This article presents an empirical analysis of the accuracy and the projections of reservoirs that satisfy this theoretical gap. It gives some insights about the generation of the reservoir matrix. From previous works, it is already known that the optimal accuracy is obtained near to the border of stability control of the dynamics. Then, according to our empirical results, we can see that this border seems to be closer to the sufficient conditions than to the necessary conditions of the ESP.
Closure between measured and modelled particle hygroscopic growth during TORCH2 implies ammonium nitrate artefact in the HTDMA measurements

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Closure between measured and modelled particle hygroscopic growth during TORCH2 implies ammonium nitrate artefact in the HTDMA measurements M. Gysel, J. Crosier, D. O. Topping, J. D. Whitehead, K. N. Bower, M. J. Cubison, P. I. Williams, M. J. Flynn, G. B. Mcfiggans, H. Coe
Current-Ripple Prediction for Three-Phase PWM Converters

The three-phase pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter is one of the most widely used topologies for power conversion. In order to design PWM methods, the influence of PWM methods on the current ripple is needed. This paper studies the current ripple of a three-phase PWM converter with general PWM methods for the design and control of this kind of converter. The current ripple is analyzed with eight different Thevenin equivalent circuits for the eight different voltage vectors. Then, the current-ripple slope and effective time could be achieved for every period. The current ripple could be predicted with both peak and rms values. Analytical predicted results show that discontinuous PWM could generate obviously bigger current ripples than space vector PMW for both peak and rms values with the same conditions. Simulation and experiments are built to verify the analytical results, proving that the theoretical prediction is valid. This analysis provides the basis for the design and control of the PWM method for converters.
Experiments on Vietnamese Folk Songs Content-based Searching based on Pitch Estimation

Feature extraction in content-based song searching is required not only to efficiently represent the musical information but also to reduce the redundant information. It leads to the need of choosing the feature vector of music signal that should be close as much as possible with the musical sounds source and the human auditory perception models. Pitch represents excitation source of periodic musical signal. Human are sensitive with the pitch changes rather than that of other acoustic features. Therefore, pitch is an efficient feature in content-based music retrieval. In this paper, we experiment state-of-the-art pitch estimation methods and apply them in a Vietnamese folk song searching system for comparison. The experimental results show that the Cepstral-based method outperforms all other methods. Therefore, we suggest that pitch estimated by the Cepstral-based method is appropriate feature vector in Vietnamese folk song content-based searching in which each song has many word versions but same melody.
Effect of combining different Web search engines on Web question-answering

We have several different commercial Web search engines that are available. It is expected that the combination of the results from different Web search engines has some impact on the accuracy of questionanswering (QA) for Web documents, because the search results are not identical and the combination increases the variety of information source. However, as far as we know, there are no studies on the effect of combining different Web search engines on QA. In this paper, we examined the effect of the combination on QA. We investigated three different methods to combine search results from different search engines in the process of QA. The first one is a conventional method that straightforwardly merges search results from different search engines, then, feeds the unified search result into one QA engine. On the other hand, the second one and third one are our proposal methods that feed each search result from individual search engine to a QA engine separately, then merge the answer candidates. The experimental result showed that the methods that merge the answer candidates after QA are more effective than the method that merges the search results before QA.
The (Unstable) threshold of black hole formation

In recent years it has become apparent that intriguing phenomenology exists at the threshold of black hole formation in a large class of general relativistic collapse models. This phenomenology, which includes scaling, self-similarity and universality, is largely analogous to statistical mechanical critical behaviour, a fact which was first noted empirically, and subsequently clarified by perturbative calculations which borrow on ideas and techniques from dynamical systems theory and renormalization group theory. This contribution, which closely parallels my talk at the conference, consists of an overview of the considerable ``zoo''' of critical solutions which have been discovered thus far, along with a brief discussion of how we currently understand the nature of these solutions from the point of view of perturbation theory.
Why are survey forecasts superior to model forecasts

We investigate two characteristics of survey forecasts that are shown to contribute to their superiority over purely model-based forecasts. These are that the consensus forecasts incorporate the effects of perceived changes in the long-run outlook, as well as embodying departures from the path toward the long-run expectation. Both characteristics on average tend to enhance forecast accuracy. At the level of the individual forecasts, there is scant evidence that the second characteristic enhances forecast accuracy, and the average accuracy of the individualforecasts can be improved by applying a mechanical correction. Keywords: consensus forecast, model-based forecasts, long-run expectations.
Congress: A Dynamic Distributed Task Allocation Environment

The implementation of Annex E (Distributed Systems) of the Ada95 Language Reference Manual is discussed with a mechanism suggested for the control of distribution in order to achieve optimal use of available resources. This approach uses compile-time complexity analysis of the source to permit the dynamic allocation of tasks to processing nodes based on the assumed computational intensity. The implementation of this structure using the Java Virtual Machine as the compilation target is discussed.
Design of a spiral-mode microstrip antenna and matching circuitry for ultra-wide-band receivers

The expanding use of wireless devices has prompted the need of larger bandwidths by these devices. This need is a result of larger bit-rates or the use of different standards using different frequency bands. In this work, the design and test of a wide band antenna and its matching circuit is presented The wide band antenna is of the Archimedes type because it has a compact size and can be easily manufactured using inexpensive PCB technology. The possibility of including the matching circuitry in the same PCB is also studied.
Enhanced LFR-toolbox for MATLAB

We describe recent developments and enhancements of the LFR-toolbox for MATLAB for building LFT-based uncertainty models. A major development is the new LFT-object definition supporting a large class of uncertainty descriptions: continuous- and discrete-time uncertain models, regular and singular parametric expressions, more general uncertainty blocks (nonlinear, time-varying, etc.). By associating names to uncertainty blocks the reusability of generated LFT-models and the user friendliness of manipulation of LFR-descriptions have been highly increased. Significant enhancements of the computational efficiency and of numerical accuracy have been achieved by employing efficient and numerically robust FORTRAN implementations of order reduction tools via Mex-function interfaces. The new enhancements in conjunction with improved symbolical preprocessing lead generally to a faster generation of LFT-models with significantly lower orders
Fool's Gold?: The Truth Behind Angel Investing in America

The stereotype of the "angel investor" is a retired wealthy entrepreneur who sees potential, asks tough questions, takes a large stake, and in a few years makes a massive return in an IPO. This outsider fills the gap between the venture capitalist and the professional investor, swooping in with cash and expertise to bring dreams to fruition. Unfortunately, Shane observes, this figure bears no relationship to reality. In Fool's Gold, he draws on hard data from the Federal Reserve and other sources to paint the first reliable group portrait of the lionized angel investors. Surprisingly, he finds that they are fewer, contribute less, and involve themselves in fewer start-ups than the conventional wisdom suggests. Most angels typically still have their day jobs, make investments of $10,000 or less, and take little or no role in assisting entrepreneurs build their companies. Few of the companies they put money into arrive at IPOs, let alone massive returns. But angels can play a critical role, he writes, if the fantasy is abandoned by all concerned. Drawing on his rich store of data, Shane offers recommendations to entrepreneurs and angels alike for the most productive use of angel investing, and suggests how policymakers can encourage it. Particularly promising are angel groups, which pool knowledge and money for wiser and more productive investments. In groups, angels can rely on each other's expertise, share the labor of performing due diligence, and generally insure that their money is being placed--and used--wisely. Fostering the formation of such groups may be the single most important thing that government can do to boost angel investing. Massively researched and briskly written, Fools' Gold offers the first real resource on this misunderstood aspect of our entrepreneurial system.
Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by using a consumption-based emission inventory

Abstract. Substantial anthropogenic emissions from China have resulted in serious air pollution, and this has generated considerable academic and public concern. The physical transport of air pollutants in the atmosphere has been extensively investigated; however, understanding the mechanisms how the pollutant was transferred through economic and trade activities remains a challenge. For the first time, we quantified and tracked China's air pollutant emission flows embodied in interprovincial trade, using a multiregional input–output model framework. Trade relative emissions for four key air pollutants (primary fine particle matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds) were assessed for 2007 in each Chinese province. We found that emissions were significantly redistributed among provinces owing to interprovincial trade. Large amounts of emissions were embodied in the imports of eastern regions from northern and central regions, and these were determined by differences in regional economic status and environmental policy. It is suggested that measures should be introduced to reduce air pollution by integrating cross-regional consumers and producers within national agreements to encourage efficiency improvement in the supply chain and optimize consumption structure internationally. The consumption-based air pollutant emission inventory developed in this work can be further used to attribute pollution to various economic activities and final demand types with the aid of air quality models.