Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous spectral analysis : Detection of low-frequency shadows associated with hydrocarbons

spectral analysis (ISA) is a continuous time-frequency analysis technique that provides a frequency spectrum for each time sample of a seismic trace. ISA achieves both excellent time and frequency localization utilizing wavelet transforms to avoid windowing problems that complicate conventional Fourier analysis. Applications of the method include enhanced resolution, improved visualization of strati-graphic features, thickness estimation for thin beds, noise suppression , improved spectral balancing, and direct hydrocarbon indication. We have seen four distinct ways in which ISA can help in the detection of hydrocarbons: (1) anomalously high attenuation in thick or very unconsolidated gas reservoirs, (2) low-frequency shadows in reservoirs where the thickness is not sufficient to result in significant attenuation, (3) preferential illumination at the " tuning " frequency which can be different for gas or brine-saturated rocks, and (4) frequency-dependent AVO. In this paper, we describe the ISA technique, compare it to other spectral decomposition methods , and show some examples of the use of ISA to detect low-frequency shadows beneath gas reservoirs. The ISA method involves the following steps: (1) decompose the seismogram into constituent wavelets using wavelet transform methods such as Mallat's matching pursuit decomposition , (2) sum the Fourier spectra of the individual wavelets in the time-frequency domain to produce " frequency gathers, " and (3) sort the frequency gathers to produce common (constant) frequency cubes, sections, time slices, and horizon slices. The results can be viewed using animation techniques available in commercial interpretation and visualization packages. Figure 1 shows a synthetic seismic trace and the corresponding ISAtime-frequency analysis. The time-frequency plot shows amplitude spectra for each time sample. We refer to this kind of plot as a " frequency gather. " The first arrival on the synthetic seismogram results from an isolated reflector. The frequency spectrum is the spectrum of the wavelet. Note that the duration of the spectrum is identical to the duration of the arrival in the time domain as opposed to Fourier-based methods in which the time duration is equal to the window length. The second event is a composite of two events of differing center frequency arriving precisely at the same time. The frequency spectrum indicates a low-frequency arrival spread over time and a higher-frequency arrival that is more localized in time. The third event is caused by two interfering arrivals of the same frequency. Although the presence of two arrivals is not immediately apparent on the seismogram, the …
Search for Lepton-Universality Violation in B^{+}→K^{+}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays.

A measurement of the ratio of branching fractions of the decays B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{+}μ^{-} and B^{+}→K^{+}e^{+}e^{-} is presented. The proton-proton collision data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb^{-1} recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. For the dilepton mass-squared range 1.1<q^{2}<6.0 GeV^{2}/c^{4} the ratio of branching fractions is measured to be R_{K}=0. 846_{-0.054}^{+0.060}_{-0.014}^{+0.016}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the most precise measurement of R_{K} to date and is compatible with the standard model at the level of 2.5 standard deviations.
Impact of Working Memory Constraints on Speech Monitoring in Healthy Children

Supervisory Committee Dr. Kimberly Kerns, Department of Psychology Supervisor Dr. Mauricio Garcia-Barrera, Department of Psychology Departmental Member – Revision Supervisor Dr. John Walsh, Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies External Member Dr. Leslie Saxon, Department of Linguistics Additional Member Abstract The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of working memory on speech monitoring processes in the primary language of school-age children using the framework of Levelt’s Perceptual Loop Theory of speech production (1983). A community sample of eight children aged 6-8 and fourteen children aged 10-12 completed 4 verbal description tasks under different conditions; control, working memory load, white noise and combined working memory load and white noise. Participants also completed measures of listening span, digit span and spatial span. The results indicate that with increasing working memory load, children make significantly more speech errors, silent pauses and repetitions. No relationship was found between working memory and total repairs per errors or between working memory and total number of editing terms used. Group differences across the conditions were not significant; however, age-related trends were notable. Younger children had greater difficulty monitoring their speech with the introduction of working memory load; whereas, older children had greater difficulty with the introduction of white noise. A revised speech production model incorporating aspects of working memory is recommended and implications for clinical populations are discussed.The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of working memory on speech monitoring processes in the primary language of school-age children using the framework of Levelt’s Perceptual Loop Theory of speech production (1983). A community sample of eight children aged 6-8 and fourteen children aged 10-12 completed 4 verbal description tasks under different conditions; control, working memory load, white noise and combined working memory load and white noise. Participants also completed measures of listening span, digit span and spatial span. The results indicate that with increasing working memory load, children make significantly more speech errors, silent pauses and repetitions. No relationship was found between working memory and total repairs per errors or between working memory and total number of editing terms used. Group differences across the conditions were not significant; however, age-related trends were notable. Younger children had greater difficulty monitoring their speech with the introduction of working memory load; whereas, older children had greater difficulty with the introduction of white noise. A revised speech production model incorporating aspects of working memory is recommended and implications for clinical populations are discussed.
First report of Mazocraes alosae (Herman, 1782), Pronoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1891) and Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905 in pontic shad Alosa immaculata Bennet, 1835 near Turkish coasts of the Black Sea.

In the present study, a total of 31 specimens of pontic shad, Alosa immaculata Bennet, 1835 (Pisces: Clupaeidae) caught in the Black Sea coasts near Sinop, Turkey in 2010 were investigated for their parasite fauna. Four parasite species were identified: Mazocraes alosae (Herman, 1782), Pronoprymna ventricosa (Rudolphi, 1891), Lecithaster confusus Odhner, 1905 and Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802). H. aduncum was the core species with infection prevalence of 96.7% and mean intensity value of 97.1 ± 18.1 parasites per infected fish, followed by M. alosae (61.3% and 3.2 ± 0.5), P. ventricosa (35.5% and ± 12.5) and L. confusus (29% and 8.2 ± 2.8), respectively. In the present study, Mazocraes alosae, Pronoprymna ventricosa and Lecithaster confusus are reported from pontic shad off Turkish coasts of the Black Sea for the first time.
Hyper mask – projecting a talking head onto a real object

1 Faculty of Engineering, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-Kitamachi, Musashino-shi, Toyko 180-8633, Japan E-mail: {yotsu,shigeo}@ee.seikei. ac.jp 2 Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., 3-14-13 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan E-mail: nielsen@csl.sony. co.jp 3 I-chara Inc., 2-34-1 Uehara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0064, Japan E-mail: kimb@i-chara.com 4 IBM T.J. Watson Research, Route 134, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, N.Y. 10598, USA E-mail: pinhanez@us.ibm. com
Existing data sources for clinical epidemiology: Danish Cancer in Primary Care cohort

Background: In this paper, we describe the settings, content, and possibilities of the Danish Cancer in Primary Care (CaP) cohort as well as some of the key findings so far. Further, we describe the future potential of the cohort as an international resource for epidemiological and health services research studies. Methods: The CaP cohort comprises information from three Danish subcohorts set up in 2004–2005, 2007–2008, and 2010 on newly diagnosed cancer patients aged 18 years or older. General practitioner (GP)-reported and patient-reported data from six questionnaires gener-ated information on causes and consequences of delayed diagnosis of cancer, and these data were supplemented with complete information on, eg, death, migration, health care utiliza-tion, medication use, and socioeconomic data from Denmark’s comprehensive health and administrative registers. The cohort is followed up in terms of emigration, death, hospitalization, medication, and socioeconomics, and data are updated regularly. Results: In total, we identified 22,169 verified incident cancer cases. Completed GP questionnaires were returned for 17,566 (79%) of the verified cases, and patient questionnaires were completed by 8,937 (40%) respondents. Patients with participating GPs did not differ from patients with nonparticipating GPs in regard to one-year survival, comorbidity, or educational level. However, compared with nonparticipating GPs, patients listed with participating GPs were more likely to be women, younger, to have a higher disposable income, to have more regional or distant spread of tumors, were also more likely to have breast cancer, and were less likely to have prostate cancer. Responding patients were more likely to be women, aged 45–74 years, and diagnosed with breast cancer or malignant melanoma, and have higher one-year survival rates, more localized tumors, higher educational background, and higher disposable income. Conclusion: The cohort is an international resource for epidemiological and health service research, and data are accessible for well defined and approved collaborative studies. Clinical Epidemiology is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal focusing on disease and drug epidemiology, identification of risk factors and screening procedures to develop optimal preventative initiatives and programs. Specific topics include: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, screening, prevention, risk factor modification, systematic reviews, risk & safety of medical interventions, epidemiology & bio- statical methods, evaluation of guidelines, translational medicine, health policies & economic evaluations. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system, which is all easy to use.
Sedimentation and deformation of the Yanghu basin and its tectonic implications in the western Hoh Xil,Central Tibet

The scale and structure attribute of the Hoh Xil basin are the keys to understand the Cenozoic evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.However,the sedimentation and deformation are poorly known about the western Hoh Xil that makes the present interpretations highly debatable.Here we report the results of sedimentary facies,detrital zircon U-Pb isotopic compositions and deformation of the Yanghu bain in the western Hoh Xil.There are two depositional sequences developed in the basin,including the lower alluvial fan and upper lacustrine facies,with a total thickness of exceeding 1302m.The lithofacies and facies association are similar with the Oligocene Yaxicuo Formation and Miocene Wudaoliang Group in the eastern Hoh Xil basin.Paleocurrent directions and detrital zircon indicate that the basin provenance was coming from the Qiangtang blocks,which is also in accordance with eastern Hoh Xil basin.Moreover,two tectonic units are identified in this area,they are the southern thrust belt and Yanghu bain from south to north,which have caused 51% and 41% crustal shortening during Early Tertiary respectively.These observations,in combination with sequential filling patterns,sedimentary facies and deformation all indicate that the Yanghu basin has undergone similar evolution with the eastern Hoh Xil basin,imply that there was a single,wide basin in the Central Tibetan Plateau during Paleogene-Miocene.
SVM-Based Detection of Bridge Object Over Water

Based on analyzing bridge and background feature in the SAR images, a new detection method combined statistical property with knowledge of bridge object is presented in this paper. For the high resolution synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images, the background of the target image is very complicated, and it is hard to detect the real targets from the false targets in some images. In addition, SAR images are perturbed with speckle noise that result in difficulties in the detection task of the bridge targets. So the feature of river domain is extracted firstly. Second, support vector machine(SVM)-used made model via training example data to segmenting river region in SAR image. The last based on direction energy function identify bridge target in the binary image of river class. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good features for detection bridge target.
Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia

The literature of private provision of public goods suggests that incentive to contribute is inversely related to group size. This paper empirically tests this relationship using field data from Chinese Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. We exploit an exogenous reduction in group size as a result of the blocking of Wikipedia in mainland China and examine whether individual contributions increase after the block as predicted in the literature. Our result indicates the opposite: individual contribution of unaffected contributors decreases by 42% on average as a result of the block. We attribute the cause to social effects: contributors care about the number of beneficiaries of their contributions. We build a simple model to illustrate how social effects and group size affect individual incentive to contribute. Consistent with our model prediction, we find that the more a contributor values social recognition, the greater the reduction in her contributions after the block. A series of robustness checks appear to support our explanation.
Religiosity as Self-Enhancement: A Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Socially Desirable Responding and Religiosity

In a meta-analysis, the authors test the theoretical formulation that religiosity is a means for self-enhancement. The authors operationalized self-enhancement as socially desirable responding (SDR) and focused on three facets of religiosity: intrinsic, extrinsic, and religion-as-quest. Importantly, they assessed two moderators of the relation between SDR and religiosity. Macro-level culture reflected countries that varied in degree of religiosity (from high to low: United States, Canada, United Kingdom). Micro-level culture reflected U.S. universities high (Christian) versus low (secular) on religiosity. The results were generally consistent with the theoretical formulation. Both macro-level and micro-level culture moderated the relation between SDR and religiosity: This relation was more positive in samples that placed higher value on religiosity (United States > Canada > United Kingdom; Christian universities > secular universities). The evidence suggests that religiosity is partly in the service of self-enhancement.
Much ado about p. What does a p-value mean when testing hypotheses with aggregated cross-cultural data in the field of evolution and human behavior?

Several recent papers in the field of Evolution and Human Behavior rely on aggregate data when testing their hypothesis on adaptations in humans. This is perhaps most notably the case for studies on pathogen stress, (e.g., DeBruine et al., 2010; Thornhill and Fincher, 2011; Fincher and Thornhill, 2012). These studies predominantly rely on cross-cultural correlations and present p-values in support of their hypotheses. In this opinion article, I demonstrate why p-values can be questionable in this context. I do not wish to single out a particular research area, as the misinterpretation of p in this context seems relatively widespread. But for the purpose of this opinion article I will largely draw on examples from work relating to pathogen stress, as this research area most prominently appears to rely on aggregated cross-cultural data. I also want to stress that this is not a general critique of p-value usage or frequentist statistics (e.g., Johnson, 1999; Anderson et al., 2000; Goodman, 2008; Ziliak and McCloskey, 2008; Wetzels et al., 2011), but rather a critique on the reliance on p-values when using macrolevel data in cases where the sample closely matches the entire range of possible observations. This opinion article is also not a critique of reliance on macrolevel data per se, or of a research programme in particular, but focuses on one particular aspect: statistical inference from macrolevel data when a sample closely matches the entire population.
Precursors to atmospheric blocking events

Atmospheric blocking events disturb synoptic-scale features from their normal eastward progression, causing anomalous weather conditions for the duration of the blocking event. The essence of blocking can be captured by variation of potential temperature (Otrop) on the dynamically-defined tropopause, considered as the 2 potential vorticity unit (PVU) surface. A climatology is constructed on winter ERA-40 data (DJFM 1957/58-2001/02) of Otrop and wind. The climatology reveals a maximum in blocking activity over the eastern Atlantic. Long-lasting (> 10 days) Atlantic sector (0-45 W) blocks are then identified using a blocking index developed by Pelly and Hoskins (2003), which detects reversals of the usual meridional Otrop gradient. A composite of the 32 cases identified reveals that a blocking precursor signal, serving as an indicator of meridional flow preceding the onset of persistent Atlantic blocking episodes, can first be identified over the Pacific two weeks prior to genesis. The composite shows the precursor signal to be consistent with a transitioning positive-to-negative phase PNA, while the composite mature phase of Atlantic blocking resembles the negative phases of the NAO and AO. The results suggest that non-ephemeral blocking is a global, rather than localized, phenomenon. Thesis Supervisor: Lodovica C. Illari Title: Senior Lecturer, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to Dr. Lodovica Illari, who, as thesis supervisor, provided valuable guidance and assistance during this work's various stages of development. Special thanks to Professor Alan Plumb and Professor John Marshall for serving as members of the author's thesis committee and for providing feedback on this work. Thanks are also due to Dr. William Boos of Harvard University and David Stepaniak of the National Center for Atmospheric Research for their assistance in preparing some of the data used in this study. CONTENTS List of Tables and Figures .
ASSESSMENT OF HERITABILITY ESTIMATES FOR SOME YIELD TRAITS IN WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

Information about the genetic variability and other associated parameters for different traits is very useful in crop improvement programs. Yield components and some morphological characters were studied in an experiment comprising 42 winter wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in RCB design in 2004-05 at the New Development Farm of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar. Mean values, genotypic and phenotypic variances, broad sense heritability and genetic advance were calculated for all the traits. Moderate to very low and high heritabilities were estimated for all the morphological characters except days to 50% physiological maturity. Grain yield exhibited highest heritability value of 92.45% while harvest index and days to 50% physiological maturity showed minimum values 27.55% and 15.42% respectively. High heritability estimates were observed for grain yield and biological yield. Genetically the data revealed highly significant mean squares for all the characters i.e., tiller plant -1 , plant height, days to 50% physiological maturity, grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index which suggested the presence of genetic difference among the winter wheat genotypes.
Brussel Escaping the crowd : An experimental study on the impact of a Virtual Reality experience in a shopping mall

Crowding is largely associated with negative consumer outcomes such as shopping irritation and lower levels of shopping pleasure, less positive attitudes and less satisfaction toward the crowded store or mall. While previous research demonstrated the alleviating effect of slow music and greenery on this negative impact of high perceived crowding, this study examines the potential of a relaxing Virtual Reality (VR) experience in a shopping mall. As Virtual Reality immerses users in a computer-generated environment, and as such allows them to escape the hectic mall environment, its use is expected to result in a more positive consumer experience. In a quasi-experimental 2x2 between-subjects design, the levels of attitude toward the mall, approach behaviour, mall satisfaction, and loyalty intentions were measured as well as perceived crowding. Participants in the experimental condition were exposed to a relaxing Virtual Reality experience in the mall, whereas participants in the control condition did not get such a treatment. Overall, consumers reported more positive responses on all measured outcome variables after being exposed to the Virtual Reality experience. In addition, the effect on mall attitudes, satisfaction and loyalty is more pronounced when crowding is perceived to
Internet of Things System Design with Integrated Wireless MCUs

Introduction The last few years have seen an explosion in Internet of Things (IoT) devices and connected products such as wireless sensors, smart meters, home automation systems and wearables. The lowered cost of components such as sensors and processors along with increasing wireless connectivity has resulted in many products being made “smart” and able to communicate with each other without human intervention. Successful products must meet often competing requirements including low power consumption, long wireless connectivity ranges and higher processing power. This paper explores how ARM®-based wireless microcontrollers can meet the most demanding requirements of IoT systems.
Kinects for Low-and No-Sunlight Outdoor Trail-Following

We describe work toward a Kinect-based system for tracking “trails” for autonomous outdoor robot navigation. As the trail is often distinguishable from surrounding terrain by its contrasting height or smoothness, the dense and precise structural data provided by the Kinect is very informative about the shape of the trail ahead, and we discuss heightand normalbased approaches which work well over a variety of situations. Furthermore, we show that depth sensing on the Kinect may work outdoors when there is still enough light for the RGB camera to capture the scene as well, allowing appearancebased analysis of the point cloud to identify color contrast trail edges. Our system’s ability to segment a wide range of trails is demonstrated through video sequences collected from a mobile robot platform and analyzed offline.