Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A linear method for reconstruction from lines and points

Discusses the basic role of the trifocal tensor in scene reconstruction. This 3/spl times/3/spl times/3 tensor plays a role in the analysis of scenes from three views analogous to the role played by the fundamental matrix in the two-view case. In particular, the trifocal tensor maybe computed by a linear algorithm from a set of 13 line correspondences in three views. It is further shown in this paper to be essentially identical to a set of coefficients introduced by Shashua (1994) to effect point transfer in the three-view case. This observation means that the 13-line algorithm may be extended to allow for the computation of the trifocal tensor given any mixture of sufficiently many line and point correspondences. From the trifocal tensor, the camera image matrices may be computed, and the scene may be reconstructed. For unrelated uncalibrated cameras, this reconstruction is unique up to projectivity. Thus, projective reconstruction of a set of lines and points may be reconstructed linearly from three views. <<ETX>>
ITS sequence analysis and phylogenetic inference in the genus Lens mill.

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA from cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) and its wild relatives was isolated and analysed for nucleotide sequence variation. Sequence divergence values ranged from no polymorphism within single species and between the cultigen and one accession of its wild progenitor (L. culinaris subsp. orientalis) to 14 base substitutions between L. nigricans and L. lamottei. Jukes and Cantor distance ranged from 0 to 1.79 %. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the divergence of L. nigricans from all species, and the closeness of cultivated lentil to its wild progenitor, although two gene pools could possibly be identified in subsp. orientalis. Based on this study, the two recently recognized species, L. lamottei and L. tomentosus were separated from the other species. Each wild species showed peculiar autapomorphies and, in general, did not display much variation among accessions. The trees using chickpea as an outgroup formed two main clusters, one constituted by L. nigricans only and the other including the remaining taxa. Within this larger group, small subclades could be identified.
The Aquatic Budding Bacterium Blastobacter denitrificans Is a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Aeschynomene indica

ABSTRACT Blastobacter spp. are freshwater bacteria that form rosette structures by cellular attachment to a common base. Comparative analyses of ribosomal 16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer region sequences indicated that B. denitrificans is a member of the α-subdivision of Proteobacteria. Among the α-Proteobacteria, B. denitrificans was related to a cluster of genera, including Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Afipia felis, Nitrobacter hamburgensis, and Bradyrhizobium spp. Although the precise phylogenetic relationships among these genera could not be established with a high degree of confidence, the sequences of B. denitrificans and several bradyrhizobial isolates from nodules of Aeschynomene indica were almost identical. Bradyrhizobia are bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with legumes, including soybeans (Glycine max) and members of the genus Aeschynomene. From symbiotic infectiveness tests we demonstrated that the type strain for B. denitrificans, IFAM 1005, was capable of forming an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with A. indica. Not only do these results reveal a previously unknown ecological adaptation of a relatively obscure aquatic bacterium, but they also demonstrate how evidence gathered from molecular systematic analyses can sometimes provide clues for predicting ecological behavior.
Trans Chromosomal Methylation in Arabidopsis hybrids

The heterotic hybrid offspring of Arabidopsis accessions C24 and Landsberg erecta have altered methylomes. Changes occur most frequently at loci where parental methylation levels are different. There are context-specific biases in the nonadditive methylation patterns with mCG generally increased and mCHH decreased relative to the parents. These changes are a result of two main mechanisms, Trans Chromosomal Methylation and Trans Chromosomal deMethylation, where the methylation level of one parental allele alters to resemble that of the other parent. Regions of altered methylation are enriched around genic regions and are often correlated with changes in siRNA levels. We identified examples of genes with altered expression likely to be due to methylation changes and suggest that in crosses between the C24 and Ler accessions, epigenetic controls can be important in the generation of altered transcription levels that may contribute to the increased biomass of the hybrids.
Theory of Regions for Control Synthesis without Computing Reachability Graph

This paper addresses the design of Petri net (PN) supervisor using the theory of regions for forbidden state problem with a set of general mutual exclusion constraints. In fact, as any method of supervisory control based on reachability graph, the theory of regions suffers from a technical obstacle in control synthesis, which is the necessity of computing the graph at each iteration step. Moreover, based on the reachability graph, which may contain a large number of states, with respect to the structural size of the system, the computation of PN controllers becomes harder and even impossible. The main contribution of this paper, compared to previous works, is the development of a control synthesis method in order to decrease significantly the computation cost of the PN supervisor. Thus, based on PN properties and mathematical concepts, the proposed methodology provides an optimal PN supervisor for bounded Petri nets following the interpretation of the theory of regions. Finally, case studies are solved by CPLEX software to compare our new control policy with previous works which use the theory of regions for control synthesis.
K + 1 heads are better than K

There are languages which can be recognized by a deterministic (k + 1)-headed oneway finite automaton but which cannot be recognized by a k-headed one-way (deterministic or non-deterministic) finite automaton. Furthermore, there is a language accepted by a 2-headed nondeterministic finite automaton which is accepted by no k-headed deterministic finite automaton.
Bit vs. symbol interleaving for parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation

This paper compares bit versus symbol interleaving for parallel-concatenated trellis-coded turbo codes, employing the turbo encoder structure proposed in Benedetto et al., (1996). To compare systems optimized with the same techniques, the paper extends the turbo-encoder design procedure proposed in Fragouli et al. (2001), to bit-interleaved systems. We discuss a method to jointly design the multiple required interleavers for the bit-interleaved system, and a procedure to select constituent encoders that can take advantage of the interleaver structure to achieve a low error floor. Simulation results for the designed bit-interleaved system show better performance than bit-interleaved performance reported in the literature. The symbol-interleaved system though achieves an earlier convergence, especially with an increased number of decoder iterations, but at the cost of a slightly higher error floor.
On the Nature of Data-driven Primitive Representations of Speech Articulation

A long standing view in speech production research posits that articulatory representations are low dimensional. Conceptual and computational models have been built based on this view. In this work we explore the nature of low dimensional representations derived directly from articulatory signals based on sparsity constraints. Specifically, we present a method to examine how well derived representations of “primitive movements” of speech articulation can be used to classify broad phone categories. We first extract these spatiotemporal primitives from a data matrix of human speech articulation data using a weakly-supervised learning method that attempts to find a part-based representation of the data in terms of basis units (or primitives) and their corresponding activations over time. For each phone interval, we then derive a feature representation that captures the co-occurrences between the activations of the various bases over different timelags. We show that this feature, derived entirely from activations of these primitive movements, is able to achieve an accuracy of about 80% on an interval-based phone classification task. We discuss the implications of these findings in furthering our understanding of speech signal representations.
Roles of the Insulinlike Growth Factor Family in Nonpregnant Human Endometrium and at the Decidual:Trophoblast Interface

The insulinlike growth factor (IGF) family is believed to be important in endometrial development during the menstrual cycle and in the process of implantation. The mitogenic, differentiative, and antiapoptotic properties of the IGFs and their binding proteins, as well as their spatial and temporal expression in cycling endometrium, suggest that they may participate in endometrial growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and perhaps angiogenesis. IGFBP proteases, which increase IGF bioavailability, have been localized to endometrial stromal cells and to the human cytotrophoblast and likely play important roles in endometrial, decidual, and trophoblast physiology. IGFBP-1 is a major protein product of nonpregnant endometrium during the mid-late secretory phase and occurs in abundance in decidua. Its roles as an IGF-binding protein and as a trophoblast integrin ligand suggest that it may have multiple roles in endometrial development and in interactions between the decidua and the invading trophoblast. Recent evidence suggests that it may have a role in the process of shallow implantation in the clinical disorder of preclampsia. In contrast to knowledge about the roles of IGF peptides, IGFBP proteases, and IGFBPs in normal endometrial development and early human pregnancy, little information is available regarding this family in abnormal endometrial development, in occult endometrial defects, and in uterine receptivity and nonreceptivity.
Research on Environmental Regulation Influence in Shandong Province Regional Economic Development

An econometric model is set up to analyze the relationship between economic development level and environment regulation of Shandong Province. It is found that environment regulation can stimulate technology innovation then drive economic development. Remarkable hysteresis effect exists between environment regulation and economic development. Advices of Shandong Province economic development under environment regulation are given at last.
Independent checkpointing and concurrent rollback for recovery in distributed systems-an optimistic approach

A checkpoint algorithm is presented that benefits from the research in concurrency control, commit, and site recovery algorithms in transaction processing. In the authors' approach a number of checkpointing processes, a number of rollback processes, and computations on operational processes can proceed concurrently while tolerating the failure of an arbitrary number of processes. Each process takes checkpoints independently. During recovery after a failure, a process invokes a two-phase rollback algorithm. It collects information about relevant message exchanges in the system in the first phase and uses it in the second phase to determine both the set of processes that must roll back and the set of checkpoints up to which rollback must occur. Concurrent rollbacks are completed in the order of the priorities of the recovering processes. The proposed solution is optimistic in the sense that it does well if failures are infrequent by minimizing overhead during normal processing. <<ETX>>
Temporal and spatial adaptation of transient responses to local features

Interpreting visual motion within the natural environment is a challenging task, particularly considering that natural scenes vary enormously in brightness, contrast and spatial structure. The performance of current models for the detection of self-generated optic flow depends critically on these very parameters, but despite this, animals manage to successfully navigate within a broad range of scenes. Within global scenes local areas with more salient features are common. Recent work has highlighted the influence that local, salient features have on the encoding of optic flow, but it has been difficult to quantify how local transient responses affect responses to subsequent features and thus contribute to the global neural response. To investigate this in more detail we used experimenter-designed stimuli and recorded intracellularly from motion-sensitive neurons. We limited the stimulus to a small vertically elongated strip, to investigate local and global neural responses to pairs of local “doublet” features that were designed to interact with each other in the temporal and spatial domain. We show that the passage of a high-contrast doublet feature produces a complex transient response from local motion detectors consistent with predictions of a simple computational model. In the neuron, the passage of a high-contrast feature induces a local reduction in responses to subsequent low-contrast features. However, this neural contrast gain reduction appears to be recruited only when features stretch vertically (i.e., orthogonal to the direction of motion) across at least several aligned neighboring ommatidia. Horizontal displacement of the components of elongated features abolishes the local adaptation effect. It is thus likely that features in natural scenes with vertically aligned edges, such as tree trunks, recruit the greatest amount of response suppression. This property could emphasize the local responses to such features vs. those in nearby texture within the scene.
Algorithmic analysis of the impact of changes to object-oriented software

As the software industry has matured, we have shifted our resources from being primarily devoted to developing new software systems to primarily making modifications in evolving software systems. A major problem for developers in an evolutionary environment is that seemingly small changes can ripple throughout the system to have major unintended impacts elsewhere. As a result, software developers need mechanisms to understand how a change to a software system will affect the rest of the system. Although the effects of changes in object-oriented software are restricted, they are also more subtle and more difficult to detect. This paper presents algorithms to analyze the potential impacts of changes to object-oriented software, taking into account encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. This technique allows software developers to perform "what if" analyses on the effect of proposed changes, and thereby choose the change that has the least influence on the rest of the system. The analysis also adds valuable information to regression testing, by suggesting what classes and methods need to be re-tested, and to project managers, who can use the results for cost estimation and schedule planning.
Isolation from Animal Tissue and Genetic Transformation of Coxiella burnetii Are Facilitated by an Improved Axenic Growth Medium

ABSTRACT We recently described acidified citrate cysteine medium (ACCM), which supports host cell-free (axenic) growth of Coxiella burnetii. After 6 days of incubation, greater than 3 logs of growth was achieved with the avirulent Nine Mile phase II (NMII) strain. Here, we describe modified ACCM and culture conditions that support improved growth of C. burnetii and their use in genetic transformation and pathogen isolation from tissue samples. ACCM was modified by replacing fetal bovine serum with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to generate ACCM-2. Cultivation of NMII in ACCM-2 with moderate shaking and in 2.5% oxygen yielded 4 to 5 logs of growth over 7 days. Similar growth was achieved with the virulent Nine Mile phase I and G isolates of C. burnetii. Colonies that developed after 6 days of growth in ACCM-2 agarose were approximately 0.5 mm in diameter, roughly 5-fold larger than those formed in ACCM agarose. By electron microscopy, colonies consisted primarily of the C. burnetii small cell variant morphological form. NMII was successfully cultured in ACCM-2 when medium was inoculated with as little as 10 genome equivalents contained in tissue homogenates from infected SCID mice. A completely axenic C. burnetii genetic transformation system was developed using ACCM-2 that allowed isolation of transformants in about 2 1/2 weeks. Transformation experiments demonstrated clonal populations in colonies and a transformation frequency of approximately 5 × 10−5. Cultivation in ACCM-2 will accelerate development of C. burnetii genetic tools and provide a sensitive means of primary isolation of the pathogen from Q fever patients.
Encapsulation challenges for wafer level packaging

The interest of user for WLP has been raised because of benefits such as reduced package thickness, fan-out capability, high I/O, substrate-less process, integration of passives into structure, good thermal and electrical performance. The objective of this paper is to delineate technical challenges and issues that potential adopter of wafer level molding will face, technological solution availability and the broad application of WLP using granulated epoxy and liquid encapsulant such as epoxy, hybrid of epoxy-silicone, silicone. Result base on actual molding trial indicates among the different form of wafer level molding the challenges being faced are similar, including co-planarity, warpage, die shifting, coefficient of thermal expansion matching, incomplete filling, MBF and voiding
A possible low-level explanation of "temporal dynamics of brightness induction and White's illusion"

Based upon physiological observation on time dependent orientation selectivity in the cells of macaque's primary visual cortex together with the psychophysical studies on the tuning of orientation detectors in human vision we suggest that time dependence in brightness perception can be accommodated through the time evolution of cortical contribution to the orientation tuning of the ODoG filter responses. A set of Difference of Gaussians functions has been used to mimic the time dependence of orientation tuning. The tuning of orientation preference and its inversion at a later time have been considered in explaining qualitatively the temporal dynamics of brightness perception observed in "Brief presentations reveal the temporal dynamics of brightness induction and White's illusion" for 58 and 82 ms of stimulus exposure.
Relationship between infant weight gain and later asthma

Paul IM, Camera L, Zeiger RS, Guilbert TW, Bacharier LB, Taussig LM, Morgan WJ, Covar RA, Krawiec M, Bloomberg GR, Mauger DT, for the Childhood Asthma Research and Education (CARE) Network. Relationship between infant weight gain and later asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 82–89. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Origin of β-Carotene-Rich Plastoglobuli in Dunaliella bardawil1[C][W][OPEN]

The alga Dunaliella bardawil synthesizes storage triacylglycerides in chloroplastic lipid globules from chloroplast membrane lipid and from lipid components in cytoplasmic lipid droplets. The halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella bardawil accumulates under nitrogen deprivation two types of lipid droplets: plastoglobuli rich in β-carotene (βC-plastoglobuli) and cytoplasmatic lipid droplets (CLDs). We describe the isolation, composition, and origin of these lipid droplets. Plastoglobuli contain β-carotene, phytoene, and galactolipids missing in CLDs. The two preparations contain different lipid-associated proteins: major lipid droplet protein in CLD and the Prorich carotene globule protein in βC-plastoglobuli. The compositions of triglyceride (TAG) molecular species, total fatty acids, and sn-1+3 and sn-2 positions in the two lipid pools are similar, except for a small increase in palmitic acid in plastoglobuli, suggesting a common origin. The formation of CLD TAG precedes that of βC-plastoglobuli, reaching a maximum after 48 h of nitrogen deprivation and then decreasing. Palmitic acid incorporation kinetics indicated that, at early stages of nitrogen deprivation, CLD TAG is synthesized mostly from newly formed fatty acids, whereas in βC-plastoglobuli, a large part of TAG is produced from fatty acids of preformed membrane lipids. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that CLDs adhere to chloroplast envelope membranes concomitant with appearance of small βC-plastoglobuli within the chloroplast. Based on these results, we propose that CLDs in D. bardawil are produced in the endoplasmatic reticulum, whereas βC-plastoglobuli are made, in part, from hydrolysis of chloroplast membrane lipids and in part, by a continual transfer of TAG or fatty acids derived from CLD.
Plasticity of Escape Responses: Prior Predator Experience Enhances Escape Performance in a Coral Reef Fish

Teleost and amphibian prey undertake fast-start escape responses during a predatory attack in an attempt to avoid being captured. Although previously viewed as a reflex reaction controlled by the autonomic nervous system, the escape responses of individuals when repeatedly startled are highly variable in their characteristics, suggesting some behavioural mediation of the response. Previous studies have shown that fishes are able to learn from past experiences, but few studies have assessed how past experience with predators affect the fast-start response. Here we determined whether prior experience with the smell or sight of a predator (the Dottyback, Pseudochromis fuscus) affected the escape response of juveniles of the Spiny Chromis (Acanthochromis polyacanthus). Results show that individuals exposed to any of the predator cues prior to being startled exhibited a stronger escape response (i.e., reduced latency, increased escape distance, mean response speed, maximum response speed and maximum acceleration) when compared with controls. This study demonstrates the plasticity of escape responses and highlights the potential for naïve reef fish to take into account both visual and olfactory threat cues simultaneously to optimise the amplitude of their kinematic responses to perceived risk.
Constant factor approximation algorithm for the knapsack median problem

We give a constant factor approximation algorithm for the following generalization of the k-median problem. We are given a set of clients and facilities in a metric space. Each facility has a facility opening cost, and we are also given a budget B. The objective is to open a subset of facilities of total cost at most B, and minimize the total connection cost of the clients. This settles an open problem of Krishnaswamy-Kumar-Nagarajan-Sabharwal-Saha. The natural linear programming relaxation for this problem has unbounded integrality gap. Our algorithm strengthens this relaxation by adding constraints which stipulate which facilities a client can get assigned to. We show that after suitably modifying a fractional solution, one can get rich structural properties which allow us to get the desired approximation ratio.