Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voter Response to Short-Run Economic Conditions: the Asymmetric Effect of Prosperity and Recession

Economic conditions are presently receiving more attention from politicians, journalists, academicians and citizens than probably any other political issue. In light of the publicity they have received and their profound impact on the living standards of American families, it is hard to believe that these economic conditions do not influence voters' selection of candidates for public office. Nevertheless this simple proposition, which is accepted as conventional wisdom by many politicians, has been the subject of debate among researchers during the past several years. This debate was touched off by Gerald Kramer's pioneering time-series analysis which appeared in the March, 1971 issue of this Review. ' Using a multivariate regression model, Kramer derived results which appear to indicate that declining real income reduces the vote for the party of the incumbent President, and rising income increases it. Soon after this, George Stigler published findings which he claimed refuted Kramer's.2 Most recently, Arcelus and Meltzer purport to demonstrate that economic conditions (with the possible exception of inflation) do not affect the vote.3 How does one resolve this conflict? To address this question properly, it is necessary to distinguish between the effect on the vote of economic downturns and that of economic upturns. Considerable evidence suggests that the magnitude of these two effects may be quite different. For example, in an article entitled "The Asymmetry of Liking and Disliking," Nehemiah
MHC–peptide tetramers for the analysis of antigen-specific T cells

The development of the fluorescently labeled tetrameric MHC–peptide complex has enabled the direct visualization, quantification and phenotypic characterization of antigen-specific T cells using flow cytometry and has transformed our understanding of cellular immune responses. The combination of this technology with functional assays provides many new insights into these cells, allowing investigation into their lifecycle, manner of death and effector function. In this article, we hope to provide an overview of the techniques used in the construction of these tetramers, the problems and solutions associated with them, and the methods used in the study of antigen-specific T cells. Understanding how the antigen-specific cells develop and function in different circumstances and with different pathogens will be key to understanding natural host defense, as well as vaccine design and assessment.
Maternal Postnatal Depression and Anxiety and Their Association With Child Emotional Negativity and Behavior Problems at Two Years

Postnatal maternal depression is associated with poorer child emotional and behavioral functioning, but it is unclear whether this occurs following brief episodes or only with persistent depression. Little research has examined the relation between postnatal anxiety and child outcomes. The present study examined the role of postnatal major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptom chronicity on children’s emotional and behavioral functioning at 24 months. Following postnatal screening mothers (n = 296) were identified as having MDD, GAD, MDD and GAD, or no disorder at 3 months postnatal; the average age was 32.3 (SD = 5.0), 91.9% self-identified as Caucasian, and 62.2% were married. Maternal disorder symptom severity was assessed by questionnaires and structured interview at 3, 6, 10, 14, and 24 months postpartum. At 24 months, child emotional negativity and behavior were assessed using questionnaires and by direct observation. Latent trait–state-occasion modeling was used to represent maternal disorder symptom chronicity; both stable trait and time-specific occasion portions of maternal symptomatology were examined in relation to child outcomes. Only the stable trait portion of maternal MDD and GAD symptom severity were related to maternal report of child behavior problems and higher levels of emotional negativity. Persistent maternal MDD, but not GAD, symptom severity was related to higher levels of child emotional negativity as measured observationally. These data suggest that children’s behavior problems and emotional negativity are adversely affected by persistent maternal depression, and possibly anxiety. This has implications for interventions to prevent negative effects of postnatal psychopathology on children.
A Re-Examination of the Relationship between Union Membership and Job Satisfaction

Two seemingly contradictory findings reported in the recent industrial relations literature are that union members are less satisfied with their jobs than are nonmembers and yet are less inclined to leave their jobs. Because those results are based on several national probability samples, the authors argue that they may result from a sampling methodology that confounds union membership with working conditions. In this study, in contrast, which uses data from 1980 and 1986 on union members and nonmembers in three bargaining units in which union membership was not required, it is possible to control for working conditions when examining the effect of union membership on job satisfaction. The results across all three samples indicate no effect of union membership on either job satisfaction or the intent to quit.
The Case for Regional Policies

In Britain, as in other countries, we have become acutely aware in recent years of the existence of a ‘regional’ problem—the problem, that is, of different regions growing at uneven rates; with some regions developing relatively fast and others tending to be left behind. In some ways this problem of fast and slow growing regions has not led to the same kind of inequalities in regional standards of living, in culture or in social structure, in the case of Britain as in some other countries—such as Italy, the United States or France. And in general, the problem of regional inequalities within countries is not nearly so acute as that between the rich and poor countries of the world—with differences in living standards in the ratio of 20:1, or even 50:1, as between the so-called ‘advanced’ countries and the ‘developing’ countries. Yet, as investigations by Kuznets and others have shown, the tremendous differences that now divide the rich and poor nations are comparatively recent in origin. They are the cumulative result of persistent differences in growth rates that went on over periods that may appear long in terms of a life-span, but which are relatively short in terms of recorded human history—not more than a few centuries, in fact. Two hundred, or two-hundred-and-fifty years ago, the differences in living standards, or in the ‘stage’ of both economic and cultural development of different countries, or parts of the globe, were very much smaller than they are today.
Hypotensive Epidural Anesthesia in Total Knee Replacement Without Tourniquet: Reduced Blood Loss and Transfusion

Background and Objectives For decades, hypotensive anesthesia has been used in an attempt to reduce intraoperative blood loss. Hypotensive epidural anesthesia (HEA) is a relatively new technique in hypotensive anesthesia. Use of a tourniquet has been shown to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications. The effect of HEA on blood loss and need for transfusion in total knee replacement (TKR) is not known. Methods Thirty consecutive patients scheduled for TKR were randomized to HEA without tourniquet or spinal anesthesia with the use of a tourniquet (SPI). HEA was performed as an epidurally induced sympathetic block and there was an infusion of low-dose epinephrine to stabilize the circulation. Results Intraoperative mean arterial blood pressure was 48 mm Hg (HEA) versus 83 mm Hg (SPI) (P < .001). Intraoperative blood loss was 146 mL (HEA) versus 13 mL (SPI) (P < .001). Postoperative blood loss at any time was significantly reduced in the HEA group, and total loss of blood was 1,056 mL (HEA) versus 1,826 mL (SPI) (P < .001). Half of the bleeding took place during the first 3 postoperative hours and 80% during the first 24 hours. In the HEA group, 57% of the patients went through surgery and the hospital stay without receiving blood transfusion versus 19% in the SPI group (P < .05). There was a significantly reduced amount of blood transfusion in the HEA group (193 mL) versus 775 mL in the SPI group (P < .005). No cardiopulmonary, cerebral, or renal complications were registered. Conclusions We conclude that HEA is a safe technique that allows TKR without a tourniquet. Compared with spinal anesthesia, the use of HEA for TKR significantly reduces blood loss and the need for blood transfusion.
International franchise expansion of service chains: insights from the Spanish market

This paper attempts to identify the effects of several variables on the international expansion pursued by Spanish service franchise chains. These include: management and franchising experience, brand awareness, the international franchise ratio, and a franchisor's size. Specifically, the study looks at 125 franchisors doing business in 44 foreign countries in late 2009. Findings allow us to conclude that management and franchising experience, together with brand awareness, the international franchise ratio and company size are significantly associated with (i) the number of countries where the chain has a presence; (ii) the number of operational outlets the franchisor has abroad, and (iii) the number of years the chain has been operating overseas.
Perception of the acoustic environment and neuroimaging findings: a report of six cases with a history of closed head injury

Conclusion: The main finding was the relation between difficulty in determining the direction of movement of a sound source and frontal lesions and poor working memory. Poor correspondence in some cases between functional findings and imaging findings can be due to the possibility of axonal degeneration as well as plastic reorganization. Objective: The purpose of the present investigation of six cases was to identify auditory, cognitive and neuroimaging long-term sequelae of closed head injury (CHI) with particular focus on environmental sound recognition and moving sound sources. Subjects and methods: Six subjects who had experienced CHI were investigated with auditory tests. Four subjects also completed cognitive testing. CT and MRI were performed. Results: There was a large individual variability of the test results with respect to morphological findings. In five cases with central auditory processing disorders morphological brain damage was demonstrated. Two cases with shortcomings on cognitive testing and with frontal brain lesions demonstrated problems in determining the direction of movement of a sound source. The results may indicate that basal frontal lobe structures play a role in following and determining the direction of movement of a sound source. Two cases had problems with environmental sound recognition; in one left temporal brain lesions were demonstrated.
No, the Sky Is Not Falling: Evidence of Accounting Student Characteristics at FSA Schools, 1995–2000

This article presents the most recent results of an ongoing, longitudinal study of characteristics of accounting students conducted by the Federation of Schools of Accountancy (FSA). Surveys were administered to seniors and Masteraˆ€™s students at FSA member schools in the United States in 1995 and again in 2000. Data regarding student characteristics in 1995 and 2000 are presented. Specifically, the study contains evidence pertaining to student quality, future educational plans, career plans, plans for professional certification, extracurricular involvement, attitude toward the 150‐hour requirement, and various demographic dimensions. The results of the survey do not coincide with those of other studies that have reported a decline in the quality of accounting students. On the contrary, our findings suggest that the quality of accounting students is not decreasing. Further research is necessary to more fully understand these contradictory findings and the direction and magnitude of any changes in student.
Aging, Social Security Reform and Factor Price in a Transition Economy ⁄

This paper explores the macroeconomic and welfare implications of aging and social security reform in Japan. Based on the overlapping generations model with idiosyncratic income risk, we demonstrate that aging induces capital deepening and wage increase in the transition path. We consider four social security reform plans; (1) the reduction of the replacement rate by half, (2) full privatization, (3) capital income tax, and (4) consumption tax. We compute the transition paths of each case, and find that the introduction of capital income tax improves the welfare of the young and future households based on the cohorts’ viewpoint. On the contrary, the introduction of consumption tax does not improves the social welfare of the economy because of intragenerational inequality and substitution eect. Further, we show that under the transition, the earnings profiles become a more hump-shaped and consumption profiles become steep with the changes in the replacement rate.
Defined entity extraction based on Indonesian text document

Entity Extraction basically is a part of process to extract document from unstructured metadata text documents. It is important to know whether the words stated in some documents are useful and contains of important information. With the growth of technology including website and internet, some involved in how semantic and technical challenged to make entity extraction much more efficient. In this case there are several tools that complied with existing name finder extraction. OpenNLP plays a good instrument to imply. Extracting entities such as person names, location and organization become terminology to defined the field of entity extraction. In generating the model for training set, Indonesian articles and documents need to be plenty and diverse so those entity easily to know exactly how to differentiate each other entities. There are several problems that necessary to minimize such as accuracy and efficiency. Percentage of word inside training set also need to have more custom and unique sentence. The result shown will be based on training set and the model generated. Mainly whole articles are in Indonesian language and this is not yet created in OpenNLP models.
EDI and the Internet in the E-Business Era

This article presents cost effective guidelines to assist hotels of all sizes with the usage of electronic data interchange (EDI) in the Internet e-business era. The evolution of web-based EDI makes it easier for hotels of all sizes to support their business processes with traditional EDI technology, but without the extensive capital outlay in computer hardware and software. This is an attempt to encourage investment in basic EDI technologies before implementing more sophisticated applications. The focus is to allow hotels of all sizes to improve their competitive advantage with successive EDI technological advances.
Gender and Access to Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa

Abstract This paper explores the gender dimensions of access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in South Africa. It shows that women are more vulnerable to HIV infection than men, but that women access HAART in disproportionately large numbers. Regression analysis on data from the South African Demographic and Health Survey suggests that men in general access health services less readily than women. This ‘masculinity factor’ accounts for most of the difference between men and women when it comes to accessing HAART. Although men were more likely to favor traditional medicine than women, this was not a statistically significant factor, and it appears that visiting a traditional healer is complementary to, rather than a substitute for, accessing HAART. In short, it seems that gendered norms that make it difficult for men to admit weakness and seek medical attention are the main probable cause for the low proportions of men accessing HAART.
Cultivating Inquiry-Driven Learners: A College Education for the Twenty-First Century

Inquiry-driven learners anticipate, embrace, and adapt to disruptive change. Clifton Conrad and Laura Dunek advance a transformative purpose of a college education. They invite stakeholders from across higher education to engage in vigorous dialogue about the aims of a college education - and how to realize those aims. Increasingly influenced by market forces, many universities employ a default purpose of a college education: preparing students for entry into the workforce. As a result, students remain unprepared for a world in which much of the knowledge they acquire will have a shelf life of only a few years. "Cultivating Inquiry-Driven Learners" charts a new way forward. It proposes that a college education prepare students to be innovative and adaptable by developing four signature capabilities: core qualities of mind, critical thinking skills, expertise in divergent modes of inquiry, and the capacity to express and communicate ideas. In concert, these capabilities empower students to explore and foster ideas that will prepare them to successfully navigate constant change, capitalize on career opportunities, enrich their personal lives, and thoughtfully engage in public life. This innovative book also explores a wide range of initiatives and practices for educating inquiry-driven learners. Examples illustrate possibilities for developing inquiry-driven learners across the curriculum and are drawn from institutions with remarkably different missions and identities - from research universities to liberal arts colleges.
Triflavin, an antiplatelet Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide, is a specific antagonist of platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex.

Triflavin, an antiplatelet peptide containing Arg-Gly-Asp, purified from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom, inhibits aggregation of human platelets stimulated by a variety of agonists. It blocks aggregation through interference with fibrinogen binding to its specific receptor on the platelet surface membrane in a competitive manner, but it has no apparent effect on intracellular events, such as thromboxane B2 formation, phosphoinositides breakdown and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization of thrombin-activated platelets. In this study, we determined the complete sequence of triflavin, which is composed of a single polypeptide chain of 70 amino acids. Its sequence is rich in cysteine and contains Arg-Gly-Asp at residues 49-51 in the carboxy-terminal domain. Triflavin shows about 68% identity of amino acid sequence with trigramin, which is a specific antagonist of the fibrinogen receptor associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. [125I]Triflavin binds to unstimulated and ADP-stimulated platelets in a saturable manner and its Kd values are estimated to be 76 and 74 nM, respectively; the corresponding numbers of binding sites are 31,029 and 34,863 per platelet, respectively. [125I]Triflavin binding is blocked by Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser in a competitive manner. EDTA, the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptides (including naturally occurring polypeptides, trigramin and rhodostomin), and monoclonal antibody, 7E3, raised against GP IIb/IIIa complex, inhibit [125I]triflavin binding to unstimulated and ADP-stimulated human platelets. In conclusion, triflavin specifically binds to fibrinogen receptor associated with GP IIb/IIIa complex and its binding site is located at or near GP IIb/IIIa complex, overlapping with those of 7E3 and another Arg-Gly-Asp-containing polypeptide, rhodostomin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Desegregation in 3D: Displacement, Dispersal and Development in American Public Housing

Housing policy in the United States now serves an agenda defined by concerns over economic and racial segregation in older central city neighborhoods. HOPE VI, the main US initiative in this area, is aimed at the large-scale demolition of public housing projects and their replacement by smaller-scale, mixed-income developments. The logic model behind the effort to redevelop public housing and disperse subsidized housing residents anticipates benefits at both the individual and community level. Individuals are expected to progress in a range of economic, social and physical ways when freed of the negative area effects associated with high levels of income and racial segregation. Communities are expected to become more livable when rid of dysfunctional and outmoded public housing estates and their discouraging influence on private investment patterns. This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of this model, assessing, in the process, the potential for achieving the policy goals set out by those advocating dispersal.
Chemokine involvement in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: Roles for macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 and KC

Hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion is an important clinical problem after liver resection or transplantation. Neutrophils are known to mediate the organ injury, but the precise mechanisms leading to hepatic neutrophil recruitment are undefined. Two CXC chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2) and KC, are potently chemotactic for neutrophils in vitro and have been reported to be involved in neutrophil‐dependent inflammatory tissue injury. The objective of the present study was to determine the roles of MIP‐2 and KC in the induction of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. Hepatic injury was associated with neutrophil sequestration, edema, and elevated serum levels of hepatic transaminases. The expression of MIP‐2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was induced within 3 hours after reperfusion, before any detectable increase in neutrophil accumulation, and was also increased to a greater extent in the ischemic lobe after 9 hours of reperfusion. These data suggest that MIP‐2 may be involved in the initial recruitment of neutrophils to the ischemic lobe. In contrast, KC mRNA expression was not increased after 3 hours of reperfusion but after 9 hours increased equivalently in both ischemic and non‐ischemic lobes, suggesting a more generalized role in neutrophil recruitment. Neutralization of MIP‐2 or KC resulted in significant decreases in hepatic neutrophil accumulation, edema, and hepatocellular injury. These data suggest that the local expression of MIP‐2 and KC are important mediators involved in neutrophil‐dependent hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in mice.