Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corporal Punishment and its Effects in Pakistan

This article addresses the impact of corporal punishment and its imprints on the 'psychological being' of a student. Corporal punishment or physical punishment is a tool materialized for controlling the behavior of a student for displaying behavior that doesn’t confirm to the govermentality of the institution in which he/she reads. Corporal punishment among children has become a norm of the society. It is also believed that spanking and slapping children are highly affected even if they are not approved. Straus (1991) found that 84% of adults agreed on that a good, hard spanking is sometimes necessary. Carson (1986) titles the parents who refuse to use corporal punishment as "poor parents". Almost all the parents use corporal punishment while the stress of it declines with the age factor. We tried to analyze (a) the effects of corporal punishment on the children resulting in the negativity and aggression in the behavior of the child (b) the consoling effects of psychological treatment to nurse the ailing psychology of the child with positive responses. A comparison between corporal punishment and psychological treatment is done demonstrating that the impact of corporal punishment is associated with impairment of psychology of the children and self negation. The interrelationship among physical punishment and aggression is brought to test with the aftereffects. The helping hand of psychological tools qualifies in soothing the ailing situation and maintaining harmony and peace in the development of the mind in various ways. The research is further supported by the facts and interpretations already given by critics in the past and are further elaborated. The main objective of this assignment is to offer alternative to avoid corporal punishment to achieve desired results and to provide feasible environment for learning process. Educational psychology has for ever been in the attempt to encourage measures to benefit teaching learning process with promising results. The point of views of both learners and instructors have been checked through interview and questionnaire either corporal punishment is good tool for learners and children or not.
Assessment of disease activity by fecal immunochemical test in ulcerative colitis

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of quantitative fecal immunochemical test (FIT) as biomarker of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Between February 2013 and November 2014, a total of 82 FIT results, obtained in conjunction with colonoscopies, were retrospectivelyevaluated for 63 patients with UC. The efficacy of FIT for evaluation of disease activity was compared to colonoscopic findings. Quantitative fecal blood with automated equipment examined from collected feces. Endoscopic disease severity were assessed using the Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) classification. The extent of disease were classified by proctitis (E1), left sided colitis (E2), and extensive colitis (E3). Clinical activity were subgrouped by remission or active. RESULTS All of 21 patients with MES 0 had negative FIT (< 7 ng/mL), but 22 patients with MES 2 or 3 had a mean FIT of > 134.89 ng/mL. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of negative FIT about mucosal healing were 73.33%, 81.82%, 91.49%, 51.43% and 73.17%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of predictive value of positive FIT (cutoff value > 100 ng/mL) about active disease status were 45.45%, 93.33%, 71.43%, 82.35% and 26.83%, respectively. Among patients with clinical remission, FIT was negative in 31 (81.6%) of 38 cases, with a mean fecal hemoglobin concentration of 6.12 ng/mL (range, negative to 80.9 ng/mL) for this group of patients. Among patients with clinical active disease, FIT was negative in 16 (36.4%) out of 44 cases, with a mean fecal hemoglobin concentration > 167.4 ng/mL for this group of patients. FIT was positively correlated with endoscopic activity (r = 0.626, P < 0.01) and clinical activity (r = 0.496, P < 0.01). But, FIT did not correlate with the extent of disease (r = -0.047, P = 0.676) CONCLUSION Quantitative FIT can be a non-invasive and effective biomarker for evaluation of clinical and endoscopic activity in UC, but not predict the extent of disease.
Chronic care clinics for diabetes in primary care: a system-wide randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of primary care group visits (chronic care clinics) on the process and outcome of care for diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated the intervention in primary care practices randomized to intervention and control groups in a large-staff model health maintenance organization (HMO). Patients included diabetic patients > or = 30 years of age in each participating primary care practice, selected at random from an automated diabetes registry. Primary care practices were randomized within clinics to either a chronic care clinic (intervention) group or a usual care (control) group. The intervention group conducted periodic one-half day chronic care clinics for groups of approximately 8 diabetic patients in their respective doctor's practice. Chronic care clinics consisted of standardized assessments; visits with the primary care physician, nurse, and clinical pharmacist; and a group education/peer support meeting. We collected self-report questionnaires from patients and data from administrative systems. The questionnaires were mailed, and telephoned interviews were conducted for nonrespondents, at baseline and at 12 and 24 months; we queried the process of care received, the satisfaction with care, and the health status of each patient. Serum cholesterol and HbA1c levels and health care use and cost data was collected from HMO administrative systems. RESULTS In an intention-to-treat analysis at 24 months, the intervention group had received significantly more recommended preventive procedures and helpful patient education. Of five primary health status indicators examined, two (SF-36 general health and bed disability days) were significantly better in the intervention group. Compared with control patients, intervention patients had slightly more primary care visits, but significantly fewer specialty and emergency room visits. Among intervention participants, we found consistently positive associations between the number of chronic care clinics attended and a number of outcomes, including patient satisfaction and HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS Periodic primary care sessions organized to meet the complex needs of diabetic patients imrproved the process of diabetes care and were associated with better outcomes.
Image Sequence Denoising via Sparse and Redundant Representations

In this paper, we consider denoising of image sequences that are corrupted by zero-mean additive white Gaussian noise. Relative to single image denoising techniques, denoising of sequences aims to also utilize the temporal dimension. This assists in getting both faster algorithms and better output quality. This paper focuses on utilizing sparse and redundant representations for image sequence denoising. In the single image setting, the K-SVD algorithm is used to train a sparsifying dictionary for the corrupted image. This paper generalizes the above algorithm by offering several extensions: i) the atoms used are 3-D; ii) the dictionary is propagated from one frame to the next, reducing the number of required iterations; and iii) averaging is done on patches in both spatial and temporal neighboring locations. These modifications lead to substantial benefits in complexity and denoising performance, compared to simply running the single image algorithm sequentially. The algorithm's performance is experimentally compared to several state-of-the-art algorithms, demonstrating comparable or favorable results.
Biodiversity and biogeography of the cacao (Theobroma cacao) pathogen Moniliophthora roreri in tropical America.

Moniliophthora roreri, the cause of moniliasis or frosty pod rot, occurs on the neotropical rainforest genera Theobroma and Herrania. While this basidiomycete has had devastating effects on the cacao tree (T. cacao) in tropical America, where it is confined, little is known of its biogeography and intraspecific genetic variability. Here, AFLP and ISSR profiles of 94 isolates of M. roreri from across its geographic range in Central/South America were analyzed. The study provided limited evidence to support the hypothesis that M. roreri is capable of sexual reproduction. The highest levels of genetic diversity occurred in Colombia and not in Ecuador as originally believed. The fungus was broadly divided into five genetic groups. Two of these have a wide geographic range: Bolivar group (north of Santander in Colombia, eastern Venezuela, peripheral Ecuador, Peru), and Co-West group (western Colombia, central Ecuador, Central America). The other groups are all apparently endemic to Colombia (Co-East and Co-Central groups) or north-western Ecuador (Gileri group). We speculate that central/north-eastern Colombia may represent the centre of origin for M. roreri. Sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear rDNA repeat were congruent with the AFLP/ISSR results, dividing M. roreri into two broad groups: the Orientalis group, comprising most isolates from the Co-East, Co-Central and Bolivar groups, and the Occidentalis group, comprising isolates from the Co-West and Gileri groups. The spread of M. roreri into new areas and countries mediated by human activity is discussed.
A hybrid step model and new azimuth estimation method for pedestrian dead reckoning

This paper proposes a hybrid step length model and a new azimuth estimation method based on the Pedestrian Dead Reckoning for personal indoor positioning. The hybrid step length model combines the information of the walking frequency and the variance of accelerations with the amplitudes of the acceleration signal. By weighting the azimuth estimated through the gyroscopes and the magnetometers respectively according to the angular rates, the accuracy of the azimuth estimation is improved.
Schwann Cells Inhibit Ectopic Clustering of Axonal Sodium Channels

The clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels at the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier is essential for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons. Sodium channels localize to the AIS through an axon-intrinsic mechanism driven by ankyrin G, while clustering at the nodes requires cues from myelinating glia that interact with axonal neurofascin186 (Sherman et al., 2005; Dzhashiashvili et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2007). Here, we report that in zebrafish mutants lacking Schwann cells in peripheral nerves (erbb2, erbb3, and sox10/colorless), axons form numerous aberrant sodium channel clusters throughout their length. Morpholino knockdown of ankyrin G, but not neurofascin, reduces the number of sodium channel clusters in Schwann cell-deficient mutants, suggesting that these aberrant clusters form by an axon-intrinsic mechanism. We also find that gpr126 mutants, in which Schwann cells are arrested at the promyelinating stage (Monk et al., 2009), are deficient in the clustering of neurofascin at the nodes of Ranvier. When Schwann cell migration in gpr126 mutants is blocked, there is an increase in the number of neurofascin clusters in peripheral axons. Our results suggest that Schwann cells inhibit the ability of ankyrin G to cluster sodium channels at ectopic locations, restricting its activity to the AIS and nodes of Ranvier.
The hemX gene of the Bacillus subtilis hernAXCDBL operon encodes a membrane protein , negatively affecting the steady-state cellular concentration of HemA ( glutamyl-tRNA reductase )

Department of Microbiology, Lund University, Solvegatan 21, 5-223 62 Lund, Sweden The Bacillus subtilis hemAXCDBL operon encodes enzymes for the biosynthesis of uroporphyrinogen 111 from glutamyl-tRNA. The function of the hemX gene product was studied in this work. The deduced amino acid sequence suggests HemX to be an integral 32 kDa membrane protein. This was confirmed by experiments using Escherichia coli minicells and hemX-phoA gene fusions. Deletion of the hemX gene from the Bacillus subtilis chromosome demonstrated that this gene is not required for haem synthesis. However, the deletion strain was found to overexpress the hemA gene product, glutamyltRNA reductase. A combination of results obtained with B. subtilis hemA and hemX in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis shows that HemX negatively affects the steady-state cellular concentration of HemA protein. The mechanism by which HemX affects the HemA concentration is unclear.
Unsupervised Speaker Change Detection for Mobile Device Recorded Speech

In this paper we propose an unsupervised speaker change detection (SCD) system developed for mobile device applications. We use Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to find initial speaker changes, which are then verified or discarded in the second phase by utilizing modified BIC and silence detector information. Silence information usage after initial BIC in decision making is useful to separate real changes from noise peaks. Enhanced peak detector adjusts BIC penalty parameter automatically, which improve the robustness and feasibility. Improved BIC based false alarm compensation (FAC) merges effectively consecutive segments belonging to same speaker. Our experiments have shown the robustness of the algorithm and it produces very satisfactory results for difficult mobile phone recorded speech data.
A Review on the Role of Color and Light in Affective Computing

Light and color are ubiquitous environmental factors which have an influence on the human being. Hence, light and color issues have to be considered especially significant in human-computer interaction (HCI) and fundamental in affective computing. Affective computing is an interdisciplinary research field which aims to integrate issues dealing with emotions and computers. As a consequence, it seems important to provide an updated review on the significance of light and color in affective computing. With this purpose, the relationship between HCI/affective computing and the emotions affected by light and color are introduced in first place. So far, there is a considerable number of studies and experiments that offer empirical results on the topic. In addition, the color models generally used in affective computing are briefly described. The review on the usage of color and light in affective computing includes a detailed study of the characteristics of methods and the most recent research trends. The paper is complemented with the study of the importance of light and color from demographic, gender and cultural perspectives.
Non-fragile control for trajectory tracking of nonholonomic mobile robots

This paper is devoted to the non-fragile controller design for the trajectory tracking of nonholonomic mobile robots. Using non-linear state feedback and proper coordinate transformation, the model of nonholonomic mobile robots is exactly linearized. Based on which, the non-fragile controller is designed by employing the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. Simulation examples are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
TREX: DTD-conforming XML to XML transformations

With the popularity of XML, it is increasingly common to nd data in the XML format. This highlights an important question: given an XML document S and a DTD D, how to extract data from S and construct another XML document T such that T conforms to the xed D? Let us refer to this as DTD-conforming XML to XML transformation. The need for this is evident in, e.g., data exchange: enterprises exchange their XML documents with respect to a certain prede ned DTD. Although a number of XML query languages (e.g., XQuery, XSLT) are currently being used to transform XML data, they cannot guarantee DTD conformance. Type inference and (static) checking for XML transformations are too expensive [1] to be used in practice; worse, they provide no guidance for how to specify a DTD-conforming XML to XML transformation. In response to the need we have developed TREX (TRansformation Engine for XML), a middleware system for DTDconforming XML to XML transformations. TREX is based on the novel notion of XTG (XML Transformation Grammar), which extends a DTD by incorporating semantic rules de ned with XML queries (expressed in Quilt [5]). This allows one to specify how to extract relevant data from a source XML document via the queries, and to construct a target XML document directed by the embedded DTD. TREX supports XTGs using Kweelt [6] as the underlying engine for XML queries (the reason for choosing Quilt rather than XQuery/XSL is that we could access the source code of Kweelt to incorporate our optimization algorithms). Given an XTG and a source document, it provides two evaluation modes: (1) in the batch mode, it generates a complete XML document, which is guaranteed to conform to the DTD embedded in the XTG; (2) in the lazy mode, it constructs a partial XML (DOM) tree, interacts with users, and expands the tree upon users' requests. As observed by [3], the lazy mode allows users to generate partial XML docu-
Greater than the Sum of its Parts: The Combined Effect of Early Alcohol Use and Violence on Alcohol Abuse and Violence in Adulthood

Background Alcohol abuse and violence are key contributors to leading causes of death among youth. Yet, the relationship between violence and alcohol use is complex and the developmental impact of this association merits further investigation. The current study used prospective data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to investigate how violence and alcohol use coexist in adolescence and how this coexistence predicts alcohol abuse and violence in adulthood. Methods The sample consisted of 9421 adolescents ranging from ages 11–32. The effects of alcohol use and violence on alcohol abuse and violent behavior were modeled by means of survey logistic regression. Racial/ethnic differences were tested using Chi-squared analyses. Results Independently, alcohol and violence during adolescence were not significantly associated with violent behavior among young adults (Wave IV). Racial/ethnic differences emerged in the relationship between alcohol use and violence, and the overlap between the two in predicting alcohol abuse in adulthood. Among Whites and Blacks, violence and alcohol during adolescence were also associated with alcohol abuse among young adults (Whites: OR=2.59; Blacks: OR=4.23). Alcohol use and violence was not associated with increased alcohol abuse among Hispanics. Results indicate that coexistent alcohol use and violence pose a risk for alcohol abuse in adulthood, beyond the independent effects of alcohol and violence. Combining both alcohol and violence prevention in adolescent populations may prevent the abuse of alcohol and participation in violence in adulthood.
Study on Service Coverage of Distribution Center Based on Voronoi Diagram

Aiming at the common unscientific approach of delimitating distribution center service coverage based on administrative division, the author in this paper introduces the principles of ordinary Voronoi diagram, then analyses the feasibility of its applying to delimitate distribution center service coverage. At last the paper gives an example to illustrate its effect on solving the problem. It is found that the approach of delimitating distribution center service coverage based on Voronoi diagram is more corresponds with the objective situation of logistics market than that based on administrative division.
Transformation of MTCCS into an extension of timed

This paper presents results from work in progress on finding amethod for specification and formal verification of real-time concurrent systems incorporating a non-trivial data component. To model such systems, we use the real-time process algebra MTCCS, a Timed CCS variant, enhanced with a data manipulation model. Our verification method is based on the dual-language approach in which temporal logic is used to state properties over system models defined in some operational specification language. To obtain representations that allow the application of model checking, MTCCS specifications are transformed into XTGraphs, an extension of timed automata that allows the symbolic description of data. This paper discusses the specification language MTCCS and its translation to XTGraphs.
To T or not to T, that is the question.

The quest for a test that is absolutely disease- and tissue-specific could be considered the Holy Grail of the clinical chemist, dreamt of but seldom achieved. Initial reports on measurement of the cardiac troponins, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), for diagnosis of myocardial infarction suggested that these markers would become the “gold standard,” replacing all other existing tests. Questions have been raised as to the specificity of cTnT for cardiac damage in patients with extreme rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, polymyositis, and muscular dystrophy. This problem is addressed by the papers of Bodor et al. (1) and Muller-Bardorff et al. (2) in this issue of Clinical Chemistry . This is therefore a reasonable time to review what we know at the basic science level and how this relates to both papers and current clinical practice. Cardiac and skeletal muscle cells are closely related but arise from different embryonic lineages and express distinctive gene sets when terminally differentiated. During embryonic development, both muscle types cross-express several genes. There are three troponin T genes, corresponding to slow skeletal, fast skeletal, and cardiac troponin. During early embryonic development, the cTnT gene is activated and transcribed at relatively low levels in both cardiac and skeletal muscles until mid-fetal development, when expression is divergently regulated. In cardiac cells, transcription of the cTnT gene is sharply up-regulated, whereas in the skeletal cells it is repressed (3)(4)(5). Similarly, three isoforms of troponin I exist, also the products of three separate genes: fast skeletal muscle, slow skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle troponin I. During fetal development, slow skeletal muscle troponin I is the predominant isoform in the heart. After birth, the slow skeletal isoform is lost such that, by 9 months of postnatal development, the cardiac isoform is the only detectable isoform …