Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex-Specific Fungal Communities of the Dioicous Moss Ceratodon purpureus

Let us know how access to this document benefits you. Abstract Mosses display a number of hallmark life history traits that influence their ecology at the population and community level. The long lived separation of sexes observed in the haploid gametophyte (dioicy) is one such feature of particular importance, as it is observed in the majority of bryophytes and creates intraspecific specialization of male and female individuals. The prevalence of sexually dimorphic mosses raises the possibility of sex-specific interactions with fungi as observed in some vascular plants. Here I investigated how moss sex shapes fungal communities associated with gametophytic tissues of the ubiquitous moss, Ceratodon purpureus. Using greenhouse populations of C. purpureus grown in a common garden, I examined fungal community structure and overall abundance of fungal biomass associated with male and female individuals from multiple populations. I hypothesized that individual mosses would harbor unique fungal communities based on their sex, and that overall fungal biomass associated with host tissues would differ significantly due to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between the sexes. I found that fungal community composition and overall abundance (i.e. biomass) differ between male and female individuals of C. purpureus, and that sex-specific patterns are retained across individuals from three different populations. This work provides a first glance at how genetically based sexual systems in early land plants influence affiliated fungal community composition.
Combining anchor text categorization and graph analysis for paid link detection

In order to artificially boost the rank of commercial pages in search engine results, search engine optimizers pay for links to these pages on other websites. Identifying paid links is important for a web search engine to produce highly relevant results. In this paper we introduce a novel method of identifying such links. We start with training a classifier of anchor text topics and analyzing web pages for diversity of their outgoing commercial links. Then we use this information and analyze link graph of the Russian Web to find pages that sell links and sites that buy links and to identify the paid links. Testing on manually marked samples showed high efficiency of the algorithm.
Language – Meaning – Social Construction

This uniquely interdisciplinary collection of essays derives in part from a two-day international conference held at Heriot-Watt University in November 1999 and conceived as a critical forum for the discussion of the concept of interaction. The collection satisfies a continuing need for interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary research in the humanities and stems from an awareness of the growing currency of interactionist theories in several fields and the need to make a critical contribution to such theories and related concepts such as intersubjectivity and dialogism. Rather than advancing an apologetic view of interaction as something given, the contributors carefully consider and challenge commonly held epistemological and theoretical assumptions relating to the interaction concept. Interaction, if it is to be a meaningful concept, must be seen in terms of its modes (e.g. linguistic, media-based), units (language, logic, communication), objectives (understanding, consensus, stability) and fields of operation (face-to-face interaction, translation, social codification). This collection is intended to offer a provisional response to the question posed by one of its contributors, ‘What does it mean today that communication as the mechanism of social co-ordination has itself become complex? ’. It means that erstwhile certainties of meaning transmission, stability, duality or dichotomy, identity and difference can be challenged and theoretically modelled in new contexts. Interdisciplinarity is one means by which to illuminate this complexity from several sides in the pursuit of theoretical blind spots in the field of critical communication studies. The book will be of particular interest to researchers and students in communication theory, linguistics, translation studies, logic, social psychology, discourse studies, European Studies, philosophy and semiotics.
The Basic Science of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Chondral Injuries

There has been great interest in bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) as a cost effective method in delivering mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to aid in the repair and regeneration of cartilage defects. Alongside MSCs, BMAC contains a range of growth factors and cytokines to support cell growth following injury. However, there is paucity of information relating to the basic science underlying BMAC and its exact biological role in supporting the growth and regeneration of chondrocytes. The focus of this review is the basic science underlying BMAC in relation to chondral damage and regeneration.
Antropomorphic gripper with two symmetrical fingers, designed for industrial robots

This paper describes a two-fingered anthropomorphic gripper with two phalanxes on each finger. This gripper was designed as an alternative to the very complex and expensive anthropomorphic grippers, which often show a low liability and which are not available for current gripping applications in robotic manipulation operations. In order to determine the structural and functional characteristics of the gripper, we carried out a multi-criteria analysis of 16 known anthropomorphic grippers. After completing the structural-kinematic diagram, we went on with the kinematic and static analysis, upon which the CAD project was drawn, then followed the functional simulation and the prototype. The prototype was tested on an experimental stand, while gripping different shaped objects, with all sorts of physical-mechanical characteristics. A further version will allow the installation and testing of the gripper on an industrial robot.
Application of Neural Network Model for designing Circular Monopole Antenna

In this paper, Neural network model has been used to estimate the feedgap which is one of the design parameters of circular monopole antenna (CMA) required to make it operate in a particular frequency band. A Neural Network (NN) model is prepared using Feed Forward Back Propagation Algorithm which can be further used for designing a CMA operating between 2GHz and 12 GHz. The results obtained by the NN model are compared with the results of IE3D software which shows good agreement between the two. The model is accurate enough to measure the feedgap parameter of the monopole antenna which can be used to design the antenna. Thus this model eliminates the long time consuming process of finding the value of feedgap parameter using costly software packages. General Terms Circular Monopole Antenna, Feedgap ,Neural model.
Need for Closure Effects on Affective and Cognitive Responses to Culture Fusion

This research examined how affective and cognitive responses to culture fusion, a specific type of culture mixing that features the blending of different cultures or parts thereof into a new entity, are influenced by individual differences in Need for Closure (NFC). Two studies showed that individuals high (vs. low) in NFC felt less favorable toward culture fusion (i.e., the affective response), both at an abstract level (i.e., society structure models; Study 1, N = 191) and at a more concrete level (i.e., food stimuli; Study 2, N = 257). In addition, high NFC individuals tended to assign culturally fused stimuli to one discrete culture, rather than acknowledging them as culturally hybrid (i.e., the cognitive response). Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the relationships between NFC and responses toward culture fusion were mediated by Right-Wing Authoritarianism. These findings are interpreted in terms of the threat to epistemic security needs posed by culture fusion.
Dairy food, calcium and vitamin D intake in pregnancy, and wheeze and eczema in infants

The present prospective study examined the association between maternal consumption of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D during pregnancy and the risk of wheeze and eczema in the infants aged 16–24 months. Subjects were 763 Japanese mother–child pairs. Data on maternal intake during pregnancy were assessed with a diet history questionnaire. Symptoms of wheeze and eczema were based on criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Higher maternal intake of total dairy products, milk, cheese and calcium during pregnancy was significantly related to a decreased risk of infantile wheeze, but not eczema (adjusted ORs (95% CI) between extreme quartiles were 0.45 (0.25−0.79), 0.50 (0.28−0.87), 0.51 (0.31−0.85), and 0.57 (0.32−0.99), respectively). When maternal vitamin D consumption during pregnancy was categorised into two groups using a cut-off point at the 25th percentile, children whose mothers had consumed ≥4.309 μg·day−1 had a significantly reduced risk of wheeze and eczema (adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 0.64 (0.43−0.97) and 0.63 (0.41−0.98), respectively). Higher consumption of calcium and dairy foods other than yoghurt during pregnancy may reduce the risk of infantile wheeze. Higher vitamin D intake during pregnancy may be protective against childhood wheeze and eczema.
A Stable Hierarchical Peer-to-Peer Overlay for Scale Free Networks

To deal with problems such as load imbalance, topology mismatch and network instability for P2P systems, propose the method of implementing the functions of message routing and service index maintenance on different layers. Design algorithms for building clusters and hierarchical overlay, and propose an analytic model of traffic load for evaluation. Simulation results indicate that compared with 2-layer Chord-centered overlay in previous works, this overlay excels in many performance metrics.
Poverty and Environment Linkages in Mountains and Uplands: Reflections on the 'Poverty Trap' Thesis

The central premise of the poverty trap thesis claims that there is a mutual and spiralling relationship between poverty and environmental degradation. The argument maintains that, mainly due to inherent short time horizons and risk, poverty encourages overexploitation of the physical environment which results in further impoverishment. Using both conceptual and empirical material, this paper examines some of the major linkages that are believed to exist between the processes of poverty and environmental degradation, with a focus on the Western Himalayan Regions of India - the state of Himachal Pradesh and the hill districts of Uttar Pradesh. In particular, the paper investigates whether the relationship is functional or causal, and assesses the role of other factors, particularly institutions and social and cultural influences. The concern with poverty in rural mountain areas reflects the importance of these regions internationally: mountains and uplands represent the majority of the Food and Agricultural Organisation's (FAO) "critical zones" - those areas of the world that are not able to grow enough food to feed their inhabitants adequately. Hence some of conclusions reached here will be of relevance to similar geographic regions of the world.
Reduction of ionospheric distortions for spaceborne synthetic aperture radar with the help of image registration

We propose a robust technique for reducing the ionospheric distortions in spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. It is based on probing the terrain on two distinct carrier frequencies. Compared to our previous work on the subject (Smith and Tsynkov 2011 SIAM J. Imaging Sciences 4 501–42), the increase in robustness is achieved by applying an area-based image registration algorithm to the two images obtained on two frequencies. This enables an accurate evaluation of the shift between the two images, which, in turn, translates into an accurate estimate of the total electron content and its along-track gradient in the ionosphere. These estimates allow one to correct the matched filter and thus improve the quality of the image. Moreover, for the analysis of SAR resolution in the current paper we take into account the Ohm conductivity in the ionosphere (in addition to its temporal dispersion), and also consider the true Kolmogorov spectrum of the ionospheric turbulence, as opposed to its approximate representation that we have used previously.
HSDPA flow level performance and the impact of terminal mobility

A flow level performance evaluation of data transfer in a UMTS/HSDPA network is presented with a principal focus on the performance impact of terminal mobility. Additional insights are provided regarding the comparison of packet schedulers. We demonstrate and intuitively explain that the flow level performance is non-monotonous in the terminal velocity, and advocate an outer loop link adaptation mechanism to improve the performance for higher velocities. The provided insights further indicate that excluding the flow level dynamics, that are apparent in real networks yet often neglected in performance studies, may lead to distorted conclusions.
Neurochemical basis of treatment in suicide - forensic implications

The understanding of neuroscientific substrates of suicidal behavior is essential for enhancing predictability and development of adequate therapeutical strategies. The goal of brain exploring by means of morphometrics, neurochemistry and recent methods of molecular biology and genetics is to create a map of cerebral neurochemical circuits correlated with self-aggression behavior. From the neurobiological viewpoint amygdala with its connections to the orbitoprefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices is the keystone of behavior. Serotonin is the most intensively studied neurotransmitter because it plays a key role in aggression and impulsivity and serotonergic functions have been demonstrated to bear similar relationships to aggression in animal models and clinical studies on suicide. Antagonists of 5-HT2A receptors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have antiaggressive efficacy on both animal models and clinical trials. Lithium has antisuicidal effects acting directly on orbitoprefrontal and cingulate cortices. Advances in the understanding of the neurobiology of violence will contribute to a rational assessment and treatment of patients with suicidal behavior.
PSYCHIATRIC ASPECT OF MIDDLE AGE.

Some thirty years ago Walter P. Pitkin wrote a book called Life Begins at Forty. Its sales rocketed to millions and it probably helped to crystallize the attractive image of youthful middle-age which beguiles us from the pages of American magazines, with its sun-tanned greying men with flashing teeth, skilfully concealing girth under colourful, capacious, Hawaian shirts, or those icily elegant, exquisitely poised ladies of ambiguous age wearing dark glasses and enjoying cocktails with the captain.
High Effect Secure Data Transmission Mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks Using ID-Based Key Management Scheme

This study presents an ID-based key management scheme that exploits an implied public key to address secure data transmissions for reducing required memory capacities and CPU computations in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In the proposed scheme, each sensor node only has to store a secret key for encrypting and aggregating data during transmissions. Furthermore, the system supports direct and aggregate data transmission modes that provide rapid and secure transmission methods without complex decryption and large bandwidth consumption for sensor nodes. This approach is efficient enough to be implemented on large-scale WSNs.
Post-veraison sunlight exposure induces MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of Vitis vinifera

Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols are the three major classes of flavonoid compounds found in grape berry tissues. Several viticultural practices increase flavonoid content in the fruit, but the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been completely deciphered. The impact of post-veraison sunlight exposure on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in grape berry skin and its relation to the expression of different transcriptional regulators known to be involved in flavonoid synthesis was studied. Treatments consisting of removing or moving aside the basal leaves which shade berry clusters were applied. Shading did not affect sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1, although in the leaf removal treatment, these events were retarded during the first weeks of ripening. Flavonols were the most drastically reduced flavonoids following shading and leaf removal treatments, related to the reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12. Anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of CHS2, LDOX, OMT, UFGT, MYBA1, and MYB5a genes were also affected. Other regulatory genes were less affected or not affected at all by these treatments. Non-transcriptional control mechanisms for flavonoid synthesis are also suggested, especially during the initial stages of ripening. Although berries from the leaf removal treatment received more light than shaded fruits, malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonol content was reduced compared with the treatment without leaf removal. This work reveals that flavonol-related gene expression responds rapidly to field changes in light levels, as shown by the treatment in which shaded fruits were exposed to light in the late stages of ripening. Taken together, this study establishes MYB-specific responsiveness for the effect of sun exposure and sugar transport on flavonoid synthesis.
A Perspective Study of Koumiss Microbiome by Metagenomics Analysis Based on Single-Cell Amplification Technique

Koumiss is a traditional fermented dairy product and a good source for isolating novel bacteria with biotechnology potential. In the present study, we applied the single-cell amplification technique in the metagenomics analysis of koumiss. This approach aimed at detecting the low-abundant bacteria in the koumiss. Briefly, each sample was first serially diluted until reaching the level of approximately 100 cells. Then, three diluted bacterial suspensions were randomly picked for further study. By analyzing 30 diluted koumiss suspensions, a total of 24 bacterial species were identified. In addition to the previously reported koumiss-associated species, such as Lactobacillus (L.) helveticus. Lactococcus lactis. L. buchneri, L. kefiranofaciens, and Acetobacter pasteurianus, we successfully detected three low-abundant taxa in the samples, namely L. otakiensis. Streptococcus macedonicus, and Ruminococcus torques. The functional koumiss metagenomes carried putative genes that relate to lactose metabolism and synthesis of typical flavor compounds. Our study would encourage the use of modern metagenomics to discover novel species of bacteria that could be useful in food industries.
On Equivalence of Queries Using Views

In this paper we consider views expressed as unions of conjunctive formulas, where predicates of literals are views or database relations. The negation is allowed in the body of views. We assume that the variables occurring in the head of a view also occur in this body. Moreover, in case all variables occurring in negated atoms also occur in positive ones, then that query is said to be with safe negated subgoals(the safeness property). A query has a similar form to that of a view. Queries and views are considered in conjunctive forms as a conjunction of literals, as well in disjunctive forms as union of queries in conjunctive forms, respectively. Given a view V and a database D, the materialization of V for D, denoted V(D), is defined. Also for a query Q and a database D, the answer of Q for D is defined. The expansion of a query Q using a view V denoted Expansion(Q, V) is defined. We study some conditions imposed on view V to ensure the equivalence between Q and Expansion(Q, V). In this paper we consider views and queries without the safeness property.
Title: Predictability of adaptive evolution under the successive fixation assumption

12 Several recent experimental studies assessed the likelihood of all possible evolutionary 13 paths between ancestral and evolved sequences. All of these studies measured the fitness of 14 the intermediate genotypes and assumed that the advantageous genotypes fix in the 15 population before acquiring the next adaptive mutation along the path. Unfortunately, the 16 successive fixation assumption used by these studies is typically invalid, given that natural 17 selection often maintain alleles at intermediate frequency by a variety of mechanisms such 18 as frequency-dependent selection, local adaptation, clonal interference, and fitness 19 overdominance. Here we simulate adaptive walks using Fisher’s geometric model in diploid 20 populations where previous work has shown that adaptation commonly generates balanced 21 polymorphisms through overdominant mutations. We use these simulations to show that 22 the use of the successive fixation assumption in this simple model is largely justified if the 23 goal is to separate viable and inviable paths from each other. However, the estimates of the 24 relative likelihoods of the viable paths become unreliable. We also show that the presence 25 of balanced states along the true path significantly affects the number and likelihood 26 distribution of viable paths when compared to walks without balanced states. These simple 27 simulations highlight the importance of considering the effect of polymorphisms during 28 adaptation especially given the prevalence of functional polymorphisms in natural 29 populations. 30 3 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license certified by peer review) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not this version posted July 28, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1101/001016 doi: bioRxiv preprint
Modeling dwell-based eye pointing target acquisition

We propose a quantitative model for dwell-based eye pointing tasks. Using the concepts of information theory to analogize eye pointing, we define an index of difficulty (IDeye) for the corresponding tasks in a similar manner to the definition that Fitts made for hand pointing. According to our validations in different situations, IDeye, which takes account of the distinct characteristics of rapid saccades and involuntary eye jitters, can accurately and meaningfully describe eye pointing tasks. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first successful attempt to model eye gaze interactions.
Localized Tachyons and the Quantum McKay Correspondence

The condensation of closed string tachyons localized at the fixed point of a d/Γ orbifold can be studied in the framework of renormalization group flow in a gauged linear sigma model. The evolution of the Higgs branch along the flow describes a resolution of singularities via the process of tachyon condensation. The study of the fate of D-branes in this process has lead to a notion of a ``quantum McKay correspondence. '' This is a hypothetical correspondence between fractional branes in an orbifold singularity in the ultraviolet with the Coulomb and Higgs branch branes in the infrared. In this paper we present some nontrivial evidence for this correspondence in the case 2/n by relating the intersection form of fractional branes to that of ``Higgs branch branes,'' the latter being branes which wrap nontrivial cycles in the resolved space.