Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Citrus Grading System Using Image Processing

Citrus is one of important fruits in Indonesia and its production increasing from 449.5 thousand tons in 1999 to 2.5 million tons in 2006, although slightly decreasing to 2.2 million tons in 2009. So far, citrus has been graded manually by the traders and processors into 5 classifications A, B, C, D, and E not conformed to SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 013165-1992 which has established four grades for citrus ranges from A to D. The objectives of this study were to develop software using image processing to evaluate and grade citrus based on their weight and color, and to develop a real-time grading machine prototype for citrus classification using the software. Citrus was evaluated for its size by image processing analysis. Data of the area of each citrus in image captured using a CCD camera attached to a grading machine prototype was transformed to the weight of citrus and used for classifying the citrus conformed to SNI grades. The results was then compared to the ones from manually grading. The prototype consist of a rotating fruit feeder with two pneumatic solenoids that open and close one after another to release one fruit at a time, a belt conveyor to convey the fruit, a color CCD camera located in an image acquisition chamber with lighting system for image capturing, four openings that open and close each accordingly to a different fruit grade of citrus, four collecting boxes for graded citrus, a logic control panel for computer interfacing, and a computer with an image frame grabber to process the captured image. The results of experiment using the prototype of grading machine indicated that citrus graded by image processing conformed to SNI at a degree of 96% compared to 41% performed by manual grading. The capacity of the grading machine prototype was 700 fruits/hr.
Influence of the Spew Fillet and other Parameters on the Stress Distribution in the Single Lap Joint

Abstract Even the most recent closed form analyses of single lap joints assume that the adhesive terminates in a square end. In practice a fillet of adhesive (hereafter called the spew) usually forms at the overlap ends. This spew can considerably reduce peak adhesive stresses and so strengthen the joint. An investigation has been made into the role of the spew for a wide range of joint parameters. The stress distribution across the adhesive thickness was also considered, and was found to be essentially uniform over a large part of the overlap length. However, near the overlap end, the stress variation across the thickness can be high, resulting in higher stresses and so lower strengths than would be expected considering average stress levels in the joint, but even after including the effect of this variation the maximum adhesive stresses have usually been found to be considerably lower than corresponding peak values predicted by closed form analysis of square ended joints.
Effects of pharmacological gap junction and sodium channel blockade on S1S2 restitution properties in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts

Gap junctions and sodium channels are the major molecular determinants of normal and abnormal electrical conduction through the myocardium, however, their exact contributions to arrhythmogenesis are unclear. We examined conduction and recovery properties of regular (S1) and extrasystolic (S2) action potentials (APs), S1S2 restitution and ventricular arrhythmogenicity using the gap junction and sodium channel inhibitor heptanol (2 mM) in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts (n=10). Monophasic action potential recordings obtained during S1S2 pacing showed that heptanol increased the proportion of hearts showing inducible ventricular tachycardia (0/10 vs. 5/8 hearts (Fisher’s exact test, P < 0.05), prolonged activation latencies of S1 and S2 APs, thereby decreasing S2/S1 activation latency ratio (ANOVA, P < 0.05) despite prolonged ventricular effective refractory period (VERP). It did not alter S1 action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) but prolonged S2 APD90 (P < 0.05), thereby increasing S2/S1 APD90 ratio (P < 0.05). It did not alter maximum conduction velocity (CV) restitution gradient or maximum CV reductions but decreased the restitution time constant (P < 0.05). It increased maximal APD90 restitution gradient (P < 0.05) without altering critical diastolic interval or maximum APD90 reductions. Pro-arrhythmic effects of 2 mM heptanol are explicable by delayed conduction and abnormal electrical restitution. We concluded that gap junctions modulated via heptanol (0.05 mM) increased arrhythmogenicity through a delay in conduction, while sodium channel inhibition by a higher concentration of heptanol (2 mM) increased arrhythmogenicity via additional mechanisms, such as abnormalities in APDs and CV restitution.
Material properties of actin filament bundles

Actin is an ubiquitous structural protein fundamental to such biological processes as cell motility and muscle contraction. Our model system is the acrosomal process of the Limulus sperm which extends a 60 tm long actin bundle during reproduction. It is an example of a biological spring where the force of elongation derives from twist energy stored within the bundle during spermatogenesis. In addition to actin the acrosome comprises only one other protein: scruin, an actin-binding protein specific to Limulus that decorates and crosslinks actin filaments into a crystalline bundle. Our goal is to reconstitute the structure of the acrosome using these two proteins in order to further elucidate the role of scruin in actin bundle crosslinking. A multi-scale approach is presented wherein the bending rigidity of scruin bundles and their constituent filaments are probed individually, then inter-related by simple mechanical models. Material properties of filaments and bundles are measured using a combination of optical tweezers, electron and fluorescence microscopy. We find that scruin bundles reconstituted from acrosome fragments display an ordered structure, with a bending rigidity orders of magnitude higher than their individual filaments. Actin bundles formed by depletion exhibit similar behavior, revealing an intrinsic regime of coupled actin bundle formation. Bundle elastic moduli are eight orders of magnitude stiffer than reconstituted networks and an order of magnitude softer than the native acrosome, highlighting scruin's ability to dictate a wide range of material properties depending on the formation conditions. Thesis Supervisor: Paul Matsudaira Title: Professor of Biology
An online polygonal approximation of digital signals and curves with Dynamic Programming algorithm

A fast online algorithm was developed for polygonal approximation of signals and curves with a minimum number of line segments for a given constraint on the standard deviation of the approximation error. A continuous Dynamic Programming search with piecewise backtracking of the locally optimal solutions is performed in overlapping windows. The developed online algorithm can be used for polygonal approximation of data streams, time series, digital signals, curves, and trajectories.
Incidence in Tanzania of CF antibody to Coxiella burneti in sera from man, cattle, sheep, goats and game

A total of 3735 sera were examined for the presence of CF antibody to Coxiella burneti. Of the samples tested 724 sera were from humans, 1507 from cattle, 525 from sheep, 575 from goats and 404 from game collected in the Serengeti National Park or Selous Game Reserve. It has been demonstrated that Q fever is well established in the above mentioned species in Tanzania (humans 3-9 per cent, cattle 13-3 per cent, sheep 17-1 per cent, goats 13-6 per cent and in game mainly in ruminants). Possible transmission links in the maintenance cycle of the disease are discussed.
Nuclear transfer in rodents

Cloning is the asexual reproduction of an individual, such that the offspring have an essentially identical nuclear genome. Nuclear transfer and cloning have been achieved in a number of species, namely sheep, cows, goats, rabbits, cats and mice, but have been largely unsuccessful, so far, in dogs, primates and rats. Clearly, contributory factors which affect the outcome of successful cloning experiments are not universally applicable to all species. One theme common to all cloning experiments, however, is the overall inefficiency of the process, typically 0–4%. A number of factors contribute to nuclear transfer inefficiency, and we will review mouse cloning experiments, which address these problems, highlighting the importance of donor nucleus choice (somatic or ES cell, fetal or adult, quiescent or actively dividing). Finally, we will summarize the emerging principles which appear to govern nuclear reprogramming and production of clones, and will consider the application of nuclear transfer to the rat.
Verification of C Programs Using Automated Reasoning

Much of the embedded software development market has necessarily tight constraints on program size and processor power, hence developers use handwritten C rather than autocode. They rely primarily on testing to find errors in their code. We have an established software development tool known commercially as Perfect Developer, which uses a powerful automatic theorem prover and inference engine to reason about requirements and specifications. We have found that automated reasoning can be used to discharge a very high proportion of verification conditions arising from the specification and refinement of software components described in our formal specification language, Perfect. The Perfect Developer tool set can also generate code in a C++ subset or in Java, and the output code is then virtually certain to meet the stated specification, reducing the need for exhaustive testing. However, this is not helpful to developers of embedded software who are constrained to write code by hand. We therefore decided to investigate whether automated reasoning could provide a similar degree of success in the verification of annotated C code. We present our preliminary findings.
The ROSAT Deep Survey IV. A distant lensing cluster of galaxies with a bright arc

An unusual double-lobed extended X-ray source (RX J105343+5735) is detected in the ROSAT ultra-deep HRI image of the Lockman Hole. The angular size of the source is 1.7 X 0.7 arcmin^2 and its X-ray flux is 2 X 10^-14 erg cm^-2 s^-1. R-band imaging from the Keck telescope revealed a marginal excess of galaxies brighter than R=24.5, but Keck LRIS spectroscopy of 24 objects around the X-ray centroid did not yield a significant number of concordant redshifts. The brightest galaxy close to the centre of the eastern emission peak appears to be a gravitationally lensed arc at z=2.570, suggesting that the X-ray object is associated with the lens, most likely a cluster of galaxies. Based on a comparison of lensing surface mass density, X-ray luminosity, morphology and galaxy magnitudes with clusters of known distance, we argue that RX J105343+5735 is a cluster at a redshift around 1. Future X-ray, ground-based optical/NIR and high resolution HST observations of the system will be able to clarify the nature of the object.
Mesenchymal stem cells in acute lung injury: are they ready for translational medicine?

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical condition responsible for high mortality and the development of multiple organ dysfunctions, because of the lack of specific and effective therapies for ALI. Increasing evidence from pre‐clinical studies supports preventive and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, also called mesenchymal stromal cells) in ALI/ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). Therapeutic effects of MSCs were noticed in various delivery approaches (systemic, local, or other locations), multiple origins (bone marrow or other tissues), or different schedules of administrations (before or after the challenges). MSCs could reduce the over‐production of inflammatory mediators, leucocyte infiltration, tissue injury and pulmonary failure, and produce a number of benefit factors through interaction with other cells in the process of lung tissue repair. Thus, it is necessary to establish guidelines, standard operating procedures and evaluation criteria for translating MSC‐based therapies into clinical application for patients with ALI.
Multi-sensor information fusion algorithm research and application

This paper focuses on the multi-sensor information fusion of the basic concepts, multi-sensor information fusion structure are introduced, and the main multi-sensor information fusion algorithm further research and discussion, the multi-sensor information fusion autonomous mobile robot assembly application, for example, further confirmed that the application of multi-sensor information fusion algorithm and the importance of intelligent robot, and for the multisensor technology research to provide certain help.
Controllable synthesis and rapid identification of carbon nanotube intramolecular junctions

XX Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 Chapter 2 Literature Review . 7 2.1 Introduction to CNTs . 7 2.1. 1 Structure and properties of CNTs . 8 2.1. 2 Synthesis of CNTs . 20 2.1. 3 Applications of CNTs in nanoelectronics . 25 2.2 Introduction to CNT IMJs . 28 2.2.1 Concept of CNT IMJs . 28
Biofilm Modifies Expression of Ribonucleotide Reductase Genes in Escherichia coli

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is an essential enzyme for all living organisms since is the responsible for the last step in the synthesis of the four deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) necessary for DNA replication and repair. In this work, we have investigated the expression of the three-RNR classes (Ia, Ib and III) during Escherichia coli biofilm formation. We show the temporal and spatial importance of class Ib and III RNRs during this process in two different E. coli wild-type strains, the commensal MG1655 and the enteropathogenic and virulent E2348/69, the prototype for the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). We have established that class Ib RNR, so far considered cryptic, play and important role during biofilm formation. The implication of this RNR class under the specific growth conditions of biofilm formation is discussed.
Fatty acid content of serum lipid fractions and blood lipids in normolipidaemic volunteers fed two types of cheese having different fat compositions: a pilot study

The aim of this randomised, double-blind, crossover study in normolipidaemic volunteers was to investigate the effect of consumption of an experimental cheese (from cows fed a grass and maize silage-based diet with 5% of linseed oil added) or a control cheese (without linseed oil) on both plasma lipids and fatty acid content of serum lipid fractions. A lower content of medium-chain saturated fatty acids as well as a higher content of stearic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in the experimental cheese; its consumption was successful in limiting the enhanced blood concentration of atherogenic fatty acids, without affecting fatty acid content of serum lipid fractions. These results indicate that dairy products could be considered as key foods for fat modifications with the objective of optimizing their nutritional quality.
Acute outcomes and 1-year mortality of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. A cohort study and propensity-matched analysis.

RATIONALE Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness is a frequent complication of critical illness. It is unclear whether it is a marker or mediator of poor outcomes. OBJECTIVES To determine acute outcomes, 1-year mortality, and costs of ICU-acquired weakness among long-stay (≥8 d) ICU patients and to assess the impact of recovery of weakness at ICU discharge. METHODS Data were prospectively collected during a randomized controlled trial. Impact of weakness on outcomes and costs was analyzed with a one-to-one propensity-score-matching for baseline characteristics, illness severity, and risk factor exposure before assessment. Among weak patients, impact of persistent weakness at ICU discharge on risk of death after 1 year was examined with multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 78.6% were admitted to the surgical ICU; 227 of 415 (55%) long-stay assessable ICU patients were weak; 122 weak patients were matched to 122 not-weak patients. As compared with matched not-weak patients, weak patients had a lower likelihood for live weaning from mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio [HR], 0.709 [0.549-0.888]; P = 0.009), live ICU (HR, 0.698 [0.553-0.861]; P = 0.008) and hospital discharge (HR, 0.680 [0.514-0.871]; P = 0.007). In-hospital costs per patient (+30.5%, +5,443 Euro per patient; P = 0.04) and 1-year mortality (30.6% vs. 17.2%; P = 0.015) were also higher. The 105 of 227 (46%) weak patients not matchable to not-weak patients had even worse prognosis and higher costs. The 1-year risk of death was further increased if weakness persisted and was more severe as compared with recovery of weakness at ICU discharge (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS After careful matching the data suggest that ICU-acquired weakness worsens acute morbidity and increases healthcare-related costs and 1-year mortality. Persistence and severity of weakness at ICU discharge further increased 1-year mortality. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT 00512122).
Protein Kinase C in Rat Ventricular Myocardium δ Specific Activation of Anti-Ischemic Effect of a Novel Cardioprotective Agent , JTV 519 , Is Mediated Through

Koichi Inagaki, Yasuki Kihara, Wataru Hayashida, Toshiaki Izumi, Yoshitaka Iwanaga, Takeshi -Isoform of Protein Kinase C in Rat Ventricular Myocardium δ Specific Activation of Anti-Ischemic Effect of a Novel Cardioprotective Agent, JTV519, Is Mediated Through Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2000 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR. 101.7. 797 2000;101:797-804 Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals. org/content/101/7/797 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
The MEET Approach: Securing Cryptographic Embedded Software Against Side Channel Attacks

We propose an efficient and effective methods to secure software implementations of cryptographic primitives on low-end embedded systems, against passive side channel attacks relying on the observation of power consumption or electro-magnetic emissions. The proposed approach exploits a modified LLVM compiler toolchain to automatically generate a secure binary characterized by a randomized execution flow. We improve the current state-of-the-art in dynamic executable code countermeasures removing the requirement of a writable code segment, and reducing the countermeasure overhead. Also, we provide a new method to refresh the random values employed in the share splitting approaches to lookup table protection. Finally, we devise an automated approach to protect spill actions onto the main memory, which are inserted by the compiler backend register allocator when there is a lack of available registers, thus, removing the need for manual assembly inspection. We report a validation of the performances of our approach on all the current ISO-standard block ciphers, employing an ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontroller as the validation platform.
Thermal Forming Process for Precision Freeform Optical Mirrors and Micro Glass Optics

ii DEDICATION. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v VITA. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . x LIST OF TABLES . xv LIST OF FIGURES . xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND THE STATE OF THE ART . 1 1.1 THERMAL FORMAL PROCESS . 1 1.1.1 Precision Compression Molding of Aspherical Glass Lenses . 1 1.1.2 Thermal Slumping of Glass Mirror . 4 1.2 GLASS RHEOLOGY . 5 1.2. 1 Viscosity . 5 1.2. 2 Glass Transition Region . 7 1.2. 3 Viscoelastic Model . 10 1.2. 4 Newtonian Fluid Model . 11 1.2. 5 Structural Relaxation . 13 xi 1.3 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GLASS THERMAL FORMING PROCESS . 16 CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH OBJECTIVES . 20 CHAPTER 3: FREEFORM OPTICAL DESIGN FOR CONCENTRATING OPTICS. 24 3.1 FREEFORM OPTICAL DESIGN FOR BEAM SHAPING . 24 3.1.1 Theory calculation . 24 3.1.1.1 Refraction and reflection in vector form . 25 3.1.1.2 Aplanatic surface . 26 3.1.1.3 Geometrical Approach for Freeform Design . 28 3.1.2 ZEMAX Ray Tracing Simulation. 35 3.1.3 Fabrication and Optical Measurement . 37 3.2 FREEFORM OPTICAL DESIGN FOR CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC . 39 3.2. 1 Basic concept for CPV optical design . 39 3.2. 2 Optical design . 43 3.2. 3 Ray-tracing simulation . 49 3.2. 4 Fabrication . 53 CHAPTER 4: THERMAL SLUMPING OF FREEFORM GLASS COMPONENTS. 54 4.1 MOLD FABRICATION . 55 4.2 SLUMPING PROCESS . 59 4.3 MEASUREMENT AND DISCUSSION . 62
Determination of the Attenuation Factor () in HybridCovalent/Non-Covalent Molecular Wires

We have established for the first time the molecular wire behaviour in a new set of hybrid covalent/supramolecular porphyrinfullerene structures, in which hydrogen-bond interactions and pphenylene oligomers of different length act as highly efficient molecular wires exhibiting a remarkably low attenuation factor ( = 0.07 ± 0.01 A1 ).
Early B‐Cell Development in the Mouse: Insights from Mutations Introduced by Gene Targeting

Whether a cell committed to the B-cell lineage finally succeeds in entering the pool of newly-generated B cells depends on the Ig gene rearrangements it acquires during its differentiation. During the past decade, the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement program has heen analyzed with the help of Abelson virus-transformed pre-B cell lines that spontaneously undergo rearrangement of Ig loci in vitro. Based on these studies, the following mode! of B-cell development was formulated (Alt et al. 1984, 1987): B-cell precursors first assemble D^JH rearrangements. As soon as a productive VH-*DHJH joint is made, IgH rearrangement ceases and L (light) chain loci are rearranged. For IgL gene rearrangement again an order has been postulated: V Ĵ̂ . joints were suggested to be generated prior to V^J; joints. Once a L chain is expressed, the cell displays surface immunoglobulin (sig) and further Ig gene rearrangements are stopped. We have used gene-targeted mice to analyze the in vivo requirements for B-cell differentiation. While B-cell development in mice lacking membrane-bound /j.-
NAT2*7 Allele Is a Potential Risk Factor for Adult Brain Tumors in Taiwanese Population

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) displays extensive genetic polymorphisms that affect the rates of acetylation of drugs and toxic compounds such as amine carcinogens. The association of NAT2 polymorphisms with adult brain tumors has been unclear. To investigate whether the NAT2 genotype is a risk factor of brain tumors, we determined the frequencies of three common polymorphisms in the NAT2 gene, NAT2*5 (T341C), NAT2*6 (G590A), and NAT2*7(G857A), in brain tumor patients and in age- and gender-matched control subjects (n = 27 in each group). Genotyping was carried out using PCR-RFLP and subjects were phenotyped as a fast or slow acetylator based on the genotypes. The odds ratio of NAT2*7 allele frequency was significantly higher in patients with brain tumor than in controls (odds ratio, 6.786; 95% confidence interval, 2.06-22.37; P = 0.003); in the mean time, NAT2*4/*7 genotype was significantly more common in the patient group than in controls (odds ratio, 6.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-22.79; P = 0.0039). The tumors in the patients with NAT2*7 allele tended to be high-grade astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme (P = 0.016). In conclusion, these data suggest that the presence of NAT2*7 allele might be a potential risk factor for the development of brain tumors in Taiwan. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(3):661–5)