Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
III. Star-formation history and initial mass function ?

A new method is presented and used to determine the IMF of the starburst cluster NGC2070. A new correction, the magnitude-limit correction is introduced, and shown to be crucial when attempting to derive the IMF in the presence of variable reddening when the photometry is not several magnitudes deeper than the fainter stars analyzed. Failure to apply this correction is responsible for the drop at the low mass end of the IMF found in previous work on this cluster, despite the proper application of incompleteness corrections. For masses between 3M� 50Mstars near the core (Massey & Hunter 1998a, 1998b) is incompatible with the intermediate mass counts of Hunter et al. (1995, 1996) extrapolated with a Salpeter slope, so either the slope is flatter than Salpeter, or the HST spectral types are biased towards earlier types. The star-formation history is dominated by three bursts of increasing strength occurring 5My, 2.5My, and < 1.5My ago, the latest one responsible for most of the star-formation within 6 pc from the cluster center. A spherically symmetric structure is detected at about 6 pc from the cluster center which contains predominantly massive stars and has a flatter IMF. The surface number density profile of the cluster is shown to be well modeled by a single power law, �(R) ' R � , over 0.4pc
Overview of recent experimental results from the Aditya tokamak

Several experiments, related to controlled thermonuclear fusion research and highly relevant for large size tokamaks, including ITER, have been carried out in ADITYA, an ohmically heated circular limiter tokamak. Repeatable plasma discharges of a maximum plasma current of ~160 kA and discharge duration beyond ~250 ms with a plasma current flattop duration of ~140 ms have been obtained for the first time in ADITYA. The reproducibility of the discharge reproducibility has been improved considerably with lithium wall conditioning, and improved plasma discharges are obtained by precisely controlling the position of the plasma. In these discharges, chord-averaged electron density ~3.0–4.0 × 1019 m−3 using multiple hydrogen gas puffs, with a temperature of the order of ~500–700 eV, have been achieved. Novel experiments related to disruption control are carried out and disruptions, induced by hydrogen gas puffing, are successfully mitigated using the biased electrode and ion cyclotron resonance pulse techniques. Runaway electrons are successfully mitigated by applying a short local vertical field (LVF) pulse. A thorough disruption database has been generated by identifying the different categories of disruption. Detailed analysis of several hundred disrupted discharges showed that the current quench time is inversely proportional to the q edge. Apart from this, for volt–sec recovery during the plasma formation phase, low loop voltage start-up and current ramp-up experiments have been carried out using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Successful recovery of volt–sec leads to the achievement of longer plasma discharge durations. In addition, the neon gas puff assisted radiative improved confinement mode has also been achieved in ADITYA. All of the above mentioned experiments will be discussed in this paper.
NNBI: A Neural Network Based Business Intelligence Dashboard For A Clothing Store

Business Intelligence (BI) plays an important role in decision support systems by analyzing business data. Demand forecasting is a primary part of a sales decision system. In this research work, a Neural Network based Business Intelligence (NNBI) dashboard is proposed for a sales decision system. Data is collected from a leading clothing brand, then NNBI executes data and uses Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict daily, monthly and weekly sales. The accuracy of the prediction model (0.95) validates the performance of NNBI. Tableau, a well-known BI tool is used to design NNBI dashboard. A combination of graphs, charts and text is used to interactively present the sales information. Results of NNBI show that a BI dashboard with the analysis and prediction power of NN is a good fit for a business organization.
Evaluation of pH Value by Using Image Processing

In this study strong HCl acid was titrated with a strong base of NaOH. Increasing pH values were observed during such titration. Depending on the existence of indicator in the solution, the equivalence point was determined when the color of the solution had turned into pink. After finding the equivalence point, images were taken after every addition of base to the acid solution. These images were evaluated using red, green and blue values of the pixels, through an image processing program. After analyzing the image results, it was found that the percentage of red values had increased with the increasing pH value. As a result, the image processing techniques can be used as an alternative approach to find pH values of titrated solutions.
Energy transfer due to shoaling and decomposition of breaking and non-breaking waves over a submerged bar

ABSTRACT Wave propagation over a submerged bar is simulated using the open source CFD model REEF3D with various incident wave heights to study shoaling, wave breaking features and the process of wave decomposition into higher harmonics for relatively long waves of kd=0.52. The computed free surface elevations are compared with experimental data and good agreement is obtained for both non-breaking and spilling breaking waves for both the wave phase and free surface elevation, which has been difficult to obtain in current literature. The differences in the mode of wave shoaling over the weather side slope and the wave decomposition over the lee side slope of the submerged bar are discussed. The evolution of spilling breakers and plunging breakers over the bar crest is also studied. It is found that the free surface elevation continuously increases due to shoaling in the case of non-breaking waves, whereas breaking waves propagate with much lower free surface elevations after breaking over the bar crest. The power spectra of the free surface elevations at various locations indicate that the wave energy in the fundamental frequency is reduced by 76 for the non-breaking wave with kA=0.015 and by about 90 in other cases with higher incident wave heights with kA=0.023−0.034 due to energy dissipation and energy transfer to higher harmonic components as the wave propagates over the submerged bar.
Aspects of the MHD stability of coronal and laboratory plasmas

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model is a simple mathematical model that treats a plasma as a perfectly conducting fluid acted upon by magnetic and pressure-driven forces. Many instabilities in plasmas can be predicted using this model. In this Thesis, aspects of the linear stability of solar and laboratory plasmas are studied using the MHD model. Firstly, we investigate the thermal instability of coronal plasmas with line-tied magnetic fields and with anisotropical heat conduction, using an analytical analysis which concentrates on isobaric perturbations, and a time-dependent numerical code. We find that including perpendicular thermal conduction means that condensations are restricted to a narrow layer around the region where the local isobaric growth rate is largest and that, while the growth rate of the thermal mode is largely unaffected by perpendicular thermal conduction, this may be an important factor in determining the lengthscale for the width of condensations. Secondly, the effect of a finitely conducting wall on the linear stability of Spheromak and Reversed Field Finch equilibria is investigated. We find growth rates for the modes that are present because of the finite resistivity of the wall, which grow proportionally to the "long" time constant of the wall. Finally, we apply a tractable method, derived by De Bruyne (1990), for investigating the stability of 2-D line-tied magnetic fields, to cylindrically symmetric spheromak equilibria. The method involves the solution of two sets of ordinary differential equations, integrated along the field lines, which give necessary and sufficient conditions for stability. The role of plasma pressure and of the width of the entrance region are investigated.
Numerical Solution to the Space-Time Fractional Diffusion Equation and Inversion for the Space-Dependent Diffusion Coefficient

ABSTRACT This paper deals with numerical solution for the space-time fractional diffusion equation with variable diffusion coefficient, and numerical inversion for the space-dependent diffusion coefficient by the homotopy regularization algorithm. An equivalent system to the forward problem is deduced by utilizing properties of the fractional derivatives, and an implicit finite difference scheme for solving the forward problem is set forth, and its stability and convergence are proved based on estimation to the spectrum radius of the coefficient matrix. The homotopy regularization algorithm is introduced to solve the inverse problem, and numerical inversions are performed with noisy data. The inversion solutions give good approximations to the exact solution as the noise level goes to small demonstrating a numerical stability of the inverse problem here.
A Time-Varying Observer-Based Approach to Equilibrium Estimation and Compensation for Synchronization of Heterogeneous Nonlinear Cyber-Physical Systems

This study focuses on the time-varying observer design for the synchronization of heterogeneous nonlinear cyber-physical systems, where each subsystem can be modeled by an agent, and the information flow among the subsystems can be regarded as the interactions among the agents. To achieve the synchronization behaviors, a novel estimation and compensation mechanism based on time-varying observers, for the first time, is proposed. The mechanism can reveal the influence of equilibrium points on the synchronization behaviors of a class of heterogeneous systems with nonlinear dynamics and unknown external inputs. Specifically, time-varying observers are utilized to construct the proper estimation and compensation controllers using the limited and dynamic information interaction. By developing a novel mechanism of the dwell time of switching communication topologies, it is proven that the stability conditions of perfect synchronization can be achieved for the closed-loop heterogeneous nonlinear systems with external unknown inputs. The effectiveness of the developed time-varying observers in the synchronization of motion estimation applications is demonstrated by heterogeneous robotic systems.
A simple and efficient technique to accelerate the computation of a nonlocal dielectric model for electrostatics of biomolecule

The nonlocal modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation (NMPBE) is one important variant of a commonly-used dielectric continuum model, Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE). In this paper, we use a nonlinear block relaxation method to develop a new nonlinear solver for the nonlinear equation of \begin{document} $\Phi $ \end{document} and thus a new NMPBE solver, which is then programmed as a software package in \begin{document} $\texttt{C}\backslash\texttt{C++}$ \end{document} , \begin{document} $\texttt{Fortran}$ \end{document} and \begin{document} $\texttt{Python}$ \end{document} for computing the electrostatics of a protein in a symmetric 1:1 ionic solvent. Numerical tests validate the new package and show that the new solver can improve the efficiency by at least \begin{document}$ 40\%$ \end{document} than the finite element NMPBE solver without compromising solution accuracy.
The Elimination of Overshoot Curve Response of Closed Loop in Proportional Integral (PI) Controller

Most operators in industry use trial and error methodin determining the parameter in PID controller. This way isquite dangerous because it cannot predict what will happen inthe next process. For this, we need a method that can adjust thechanging of parameter in process, and simultaneously retune theparameter of controller automatically. Ziegler-Nichols method, amethod for setting parameter of PID controller, can be use foreliminating the oscillation and reducing overshoot curve in aprocess. This method is common yet, but it offers simpleprocedure but produce quick and accurate result. This methodanalyzes the curve of a process. It is done when oscillation andovershoot projected onto x-axis (time) occurred. The parametersresulted from this analysis among others are: critical gain (Kpu),time/period oscillation (Tosc), static gain (K), proportional gain(Kp), integral time Ti, and differential time Td. These parameterswill be tuned to PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols method.The overshoot (Mp) curve response of closed loop in thissimulation is 0 %. It will save energy and time beside that thestability of system can be maintained.
Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Prolonged Virus Shedding in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-Infected Patients

Purpose Sleep disturbance has been implicated in poor prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but less is known about the influence of short sleep duration on COVID-19 outcomes. We aim to investigate whether short sleep duration is associated with prolonged virus shedding duration in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron-infected patients. Patients and Methods A total of 270 patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-predominant period were recruited. Self-reported sleep duration of the patients was collected. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the interactions between sleep duration and variables, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of independent variables on longer virus shedding duration. Results The two-way ANOVA revealed a significant sleep duration × snoring interaction effect for virus shedding duration, and a sleep duration × sex interaction effect for virus shedding duration. Multivariate logistic regression model illustrated that patients sleeping <6 h were at greater risk of prolonged virus shedding duration compared to those sleeping ≥6 hours (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.01–3.26), independent of age, sex, co-existing diseases, vaccination condition, and antiviral treatment. Conclusion Short sleep duration (<6 h) was associated with increased virus shedding in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-infected patients.
The Impact of Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on the Tourists’ Purchasing Intentions in Tourism and Hotel Sectors

Purpose – Word of Mouth (WOM) is an important information source for consumers when making purchase decisions, especially in the tourism and hospitality industries, where it is difficult to evaluate intangible products before consumption. Consumers increasingly use online resources to share their experiences with goods and services, and to compare them to their substitutes. The growth of digital communication across social networks, webpages, and other platforms has generated a new approach to WOM, which is: Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM). Objective – This paper aims to explore the impact of eWOM on the purchasing intentions of tourists in the tourism and hotel sectors, utilizing the Information Acceptance Model (IACM). Method – Data is collected through a web-based survey from customers who have experience with tourism and hotel organizations in Egypt via travel applications and websites. The questionnaire was designed based on (IACM) Model. A total of 233 valid forms were received electronically and were statistically analyzed. Structural
Progress toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates of marine-terminating glaciers

Abstract Knowledge of frontal ablation from marine-terminating glaciers (i.e., mass lost at the calving face) is critical for constraining glacier mass balance, improving projections of mass change, and identifying the processes that govern frontal mass loss. Here, we discuss the challenges involved in computing frontal ablation and the unique issues pertaining to both glaciers and ice sheets. Frontal ablation estimates require numerous datasets, including glacier terminus area change, thickness, surface velocity, density, and climatic mass balance. Observations and models of these variables have improved over the past decade, but significant gaps and regional discrepancies remain, and better quantification of temporal variability in frontal ablation is needed. Despite major advances in satellite-derived large-scale datasets, large uncertainties remain with respect to ice thickness, depth-averaged velocities, and the bulk density of glacier ice close to calving termini or grounding lines. We suggest ways in which we can move toward globally complete frontal ablation estimates, highlighting areas where we need improved datasets and increased collaboration.
Complete coverage planning with clustering method for autonomous mobile robots

Complete coverage planning (CCP) is a task to cover the entire area on the map, according to the job description of the autonomous mobile robot. The most widely used method for CCP in the literature is the grid‐based coverage method. In this method, the problem is processing the partially filled cell as completely filled, which reduces the coverage performance. The ability to use the clustering method, which will be created by considering the characteristics of the environment, was determined as a research question to solve this problem. In this direction, it is aimed to use K‐means++ algorithm, which is a widely used clustering algorithm and segmentation technique. In this context, an offline K‐means++ complete coverage planning (Km++CCP) method, in which the navigable area on the map of the indoor where a mobile robot will navigate is clustered using the K‐means++ algorithm and the centroids can be used as waypoints, is proposed. To test the proposed method, 2 simulations and 36 real‐world experiments were conducted. The indoor coverage ratio of Km++CCP was calculated higher than the grid‐based method in all experiments.
What is happening in the use of ICT mathematics to support young adolescent learners? A New Zealand experience

Abstract Advances in learning approaches can enhance deeper levels of mathematical thinking and engagement through the use of new digital environments and technologies. The growing utilisation of portable digital devices in schools has meant there are enhanced tools to support mathematical learning and understandings. This article focused on those who work together to provide learning approaches in mathematics for 11- to 13-year-old students in New Zealand primary schools. The research study involved six schools, chosen to reflect a variety of school types and populations. We interviewed six principals and eight teachers about aspects of eLearning in their school mathematics programmes. The study found that the cost of some programmes and the lack of Internet connections and lack of computers in poorer homes did not allow for a level digital playing field for all children. Teachers considered eLearning as an opportunity to practice skills in a high interest and varietal way. However, in some cases, the teachers had little confidence to use information and communications technology (ICT) effectively. Only one school provided ongoing professional development on ICT use for mathematics learning. Even though many of the classrooms were well resourced, the teachers did not appear to have knowledge of learning approaches which encourage higher-order thinking skills to raise mathematics achievement.
Distributed prescribed‐time leader‐following formation control for second‐order multi‐agent systems with mismatched disturbances

This article investigates the distributed prescribed‐time formation control problem for the second‐order multi‐agent systems (MASs) subject to matched and mismatched disturbances in time‐varying formation case. As a stepping stone, novel distributed estimators are first proposed to accurately estimate the position and velocity information of the leader within prescribed time. Subsequently, the nominal control protocol is presented for the MAS in the absence of the disturbances to deal with the time‐varying formation control problem, and the prescribed‐time stability of the system is guaranteed. For system subject to matched and mismatched disturbances, the observer‐based integral sliding mode formation control protocol is then presented such that the desired trajectories can be tracked and the desired patterns can be achieved within the prescribed settling time. By adopting the sinusoidal function to the control scheme, the singularity‐like problem is solved if there exist measurement errors in the agents. Finally, a numerical simulation example utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles modeled by Simscape and Solidworks is presented to show the efficiency of the proposed scheme.
SOLUTIONS OF UNSTEADY INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW PROBLEM USING MIXED FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

In this work, a numerical solution of the unsteady incompressible Navier- Stokes equations is proposed. The method suggested is based on an algorithm of discretization by mixed finite element method. In order to evaluate the performance of the method, the numerical results are compared with some previously published works or with others coming from commercial code like Adina system.
Morphology dependent resonance modes in highly porous TiO2 microspheres

Micro and nano structures of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are well-known for their photocatalytic application. High surface area and high light scattering efficiency in such structures enhance their photocatalytic activity. The present work explores the possibility of enhancing photocatalytic activity through mesoporous TiO2 spheres by exploiting the coexistence of high porosity and morphology dependent resonance (MDR) modes. A controlled synthesis of TiO2 spheres with nano-crystalline grains of anatase phase and high surface area of about 96 m2/g has been successfully accomplished leading to mesoporous particles with uniformly distributed pores of small diameters much less than the wavelength of incident light. Despite the high porosity, MDR modes are observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of a single sphere. As inclusion of pores may produce significant changes in the refractive index (RI) of the resonator, and as the quality and density of the modes depend on the RI of the resonator, it is important to have a procedure to determine the RI of the resonator as well as to characterize the MDR modes. An iterative procedure that is quite general is presented for mode identification and for the determination of the porosity-induced reduction in the RI and for ascertaining the presence of chromatic dispersion. The presence of high surface area as well as of MDR modes of reasonably high Q-factor makes these particles promising for photo electrochemical applications.Micro and nano structures of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are well-known for their photocatalytic application. High surface area and high light scattering efficiency in such structures enhance their photocatalytic activity. The present work explores the possibility of enhancing photocatalytic activity through mesoporous TiO2 spheres by exploiting the coexistence of high porosity and morphology dependent resonance (MDR) modes. A controlled synthesis of TiO2 spheres with nano-crystalline grains of anatase phase and high surface area of about 96 m2/g has been successfully accomplished leading to mesoporous particles with uniformly distributed pores of small diameters much less than the wavelength of incident light. Despite the high porosity, MDR modes are observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of a single sphere. As inclusion of pores may produce significant changes in the refractive index (RI) of the resonator, and as the quality and density of the modes depend on the RI of the resonator, it is important to .