Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dynamic Monte Carlo study of the in situ growth of a substance deposited using electron-beam-induced deposition

The in situ growth of a deposit in electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) was studied by dynamic Monte Carlo simulation, showing first the preferential growth of deposit along the incident direction of the electron beam. The effects of electron energy, probe size, substrate thickness, and deposit (or substrate) composition on EBID were investigated and discussed, considering the electron scattering of not only secondary electrons but also primary and backscattered electrons in solids. By including the depositions at not only the top but also the bottom surfaces of the substrate, the growth model of the deposit in EBID was modified. Concerning the resolution of EBID, a small lateral size can be achieved on the deposit (or substrate) containing light atoms using a high-energy electron beam with a fine probe size.
IgG4-Related Disease Manifesting as Interstitial Nephritis Accompanied by Hypophysitis

Patient: Male, 85 Final Diagnosis: IgG4-related disease Symptoms: Renal failure Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Nephrology Objective: Rare disease Background: IgG4-related disease is a systemic disease with marked infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into affected organs and elevated serum IgG4. On clinical examination, swelling, nodules, and hypertrophic lesions might appear simultaneously or metachronously in different organs. Case Report: An 85-year-old man with sudden-onset polydipsia and polyuria insipidus was transported to our hospital because of hypothermia and general malaise. Laboratory tests revealed renal failure and central diabetes insipidus. According to his serum IgG4 level, the patient was diagnosed with possible IgG4-related kidney disease accompanied by IgG4-related hypophysitis. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography, hypophysis magnetic resonance imaging, and histological examination of the kidney were performed. Glucocorticoid therapy was administered and his renal function improved gradually. However, his central diabetes insipidus did not improve. Conclusions: Glucocorticoid therapy showed different therapeutic effects on the kidney and posterior lobe of the hypophysis. It is possible that glucocorticoid therapy needs to be supported by other immunomodulatory therapies to have an effect on all affected organs.
Ascertainment of the Effect of Compressive Loading on the Fatigue Lifetime of Graphite Epoxy Laminates for Structural Applications.

Abstract : The main objective of this research investigation was the experimental determination of the effect of compressive loading on the fatigue response of graphite/epoxy lamiantes. The primary emphasis of the program was on the accumulation of a statistically significant data base. The data base was to be used for developing an analytical model with predictive capability to account for the effect of compressive loading. The test program included only unnotched coupons in a room temperature, laboratory air environment. The test program consisted of static tensile and compressive tests; tension-tension and tension-compression fatigue tests; and tensile and compressive residual strength tests of coupons tested either under tension-tension or tension-compression fatigue loading. The development of a large, statistically meaningful data base was accomplished. The general effect of compression on the fatigue response of a graphite/epoxy composite was determined. However, a general model with capability to account for compressive loading was not attempted. As an alternate, the concept of a fatigue threshold was postulated along with consideration of some substantiating data. Analysis of the data showed that due to the extent of data scatter, a model of the 'wear-out' or similar type would predict the need for unacceptably low stress levels to achieve the high probabilities of survival required for aircraft structures.
Geographical structuring of genetic diversity across the whole distribution range of Narcissus longispathus, a habitat-specialist, Mediterranean narrow endemic.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS High mountain ranges of the Mediterranean Basin harbour a large number of narrowly endemic plants. In this study an investigation is made of the levels and partitioning of genetic diversity in Narcissus longispathus, a narrow endemic of south-eastern Spanish mountains characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat type. By using dense sampling of populations across the species' whole geographical range, genetic structuring at different geographical scales is also examined. METHODS Using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis, allozyme variability was screened at 19 loci for a total of 858 individuals from 27 populations. The data were analysed by means of standard statistical approaches in order to estimate gene diversity and the genetic structure of the populations. KEY RESULTS Narcissus longispathus displayed high levels of genetic diversity and extensive diversification among populations. At the species level, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 68 %, with average values of 2.1, 0.11 and 0.14 for the number of alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity, respectively. Southern and more isolated populations tended to have less genetic variability than northern and less-isolated populations. A strong spatial patterning of genetic diversity was found at the various spatial scales. Gene flow/drift equilibrium occurred over distances <4 km. Beyond that distance divergence was relatively more influenced by drift. The populations studied seem to derive from three panmictic units or 'gene pools', with levels of admixture being greatest in the central and south-eastern portions of the species' range. CONCLUSIONS In addition to documenting a case of high genetic diversity in a narrow endemic plant with naturally fragmented populations, the results emphasize the need for dense population sampling and examination of different geographical scales for understanding population genetic structure in habitat specialists restricted to ecological islands.
Vacuolar Nicotianamine Has Critical and Distinct Roles under Iron Deficiency and for Zinc Sequestration in Arabidopsis[C][W]

This work implicates the Arabidopsis membrane protein ZIF1 in the vacuolar accumulation of the low molecular mass metal chelator nicotianamine. Precise regulation of intracellular nicotianamine distribution is critical for both Zn and Fe homeostasis as well as for the selective discrimination between these chemically similar micronutrients along the pathway of their movement inside the plant. The essential micronutrients Fe and Zn often limit plant growth but are toxic in excess. Arabidopsis thaliana ZINC-INDUCED FACILITATOR1 (ZIF1) is a vacuolar membrane major facilitator superfamily protein required for basal Zn tolerance. Here, we show that overexpression of ZIF1 enhances the partitioning into vacuoles of the low molecular mass metal chelator nicotianamine and leads to pronounced nicotianamine accumulation in roots, accompanied by vacuolar buildup of Zn. Heterologous ZIF1 protein localizes to vacuolar membranes and enhances nicotianamine contents of yeast cells engineered to synthesize nicotianamine, without complementing a Zn-hypersensitive mutant that additionally lacks vacuolar membrane Zn2+/H+ antiport activity. Retention in roots of Zn, but not of Fe, is enhanced in ZIF1 overexpressors at the expense of the shoots. Furthermore, these lines exhibit impaired intercellular Fe movement in leaves and constitutive Fe deficiency symptoms, thus phenocopying nicotianamine biosynthesis mutants. Hence, perturbing the subcellular distribution of the chelator nicotianamine has profound, yet distinct, effects on Zn and Fe with respect to their subcellular and interorgan partitioning. The zif1 mutant is also hypersensitive to Fe deficiency, even in media lacking added Zn. Therefore, accurate levels of ZIF1 expression are critical for both Zn and Fe homeostasis. This will help to advance the biofortification of crops.
Printing conductive traces to enable high frequency wearable electronics applications

With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless body area networks (WBANs) are becoming increasingly pervasive in everyday life. Most WBANs are currently working at the IEEE 802.15. 4 Zigbee standard. However there are growing interests to investigate the performance of BANs operating at higher frequencies (e.g. millimetre-wave band), due to the advantages offered compared to those operating at lower microwave frequencies. This thesis aims to realise printed conductive traces on flexible substrates, targeted for high frequency wearable electronics applications. Specifically, investigations were performed in the areas pertaining to the surface modification of substrates and the electrical performance of printed interconnects. Firstly, a novel methodology was proposed to characterise the dielectric properties of a non-woven fabric (Tyvek) up to 20 GHz. This approach utilised electromagnetic (EM) simulation to improve the analytical equations based on transmission line structures, in order to improve the accuracy of the conductor loss values in the gigahertz range. To reduce the substrate roughness, an UV-curable insulator was used to form a planarisation layer on a non-porous substrate via inkjet printing. The results obtained demonstrated the importance of matching the surface energy of the substrate to the ink to minimise the ink de-wetting phenomenon, which was possible within the parameters of heating the platen. Furthermore, the substrate surface roughness was observed to affect the printed line width significantly, and a surface roughness factor was introduced in the equation of Smith et al. to predict the printed line width on a substrate with non-negligible surface roughness (Ra ≤ 1 µm). Silver ink de-wetting was observed when overprinting silver onto the UV-cured insulator, and studies were performed to investigate the conditions for achieving electrically conductive traces using commercial ink formulations, where the curing equipment may be non-optimal. In particular, different techniques were used to characterise the samples at different stages in order to evaluate the surface properties and printability, and to ascertain if measurable resistances could be predicted. Following the results obtained, it was demonstrated that measurable resistance could be obtained for samples cured under an ambient atmosphere, which was verified on Tyvek samples. Lastly, a methodology was proposed to model for the non-ideal characteristics of printed transmission lines to predict the high frequency electrical performance of those structures. The methodology was validated on transmission line structures of different lengths up to 30 GHz, where a good correlation was obtained between simulation and measurement results. Furthermore, the results obtained demonstrate the significance of the paste levelling effect on the extracted DC conductivity values, and the need for accurate DC conductivity values in the modelling of printed interconnects.
LIM Domain Only-2 (LMO2) Induces T-Cell Leukemia by Two Distinct Pathways

The LMO2 oncogene is deregulated in the majority of human T-cell leukemia cases and in most gene therapy-induced T-cell leukemias. We made transgenic mice with enforced expression of Lmo2 in T-cells by the CD2 promoter/enhancer. These transgenic mice developed highly penetrant T-ALL by two distinct patterns of gene expression: one in which there was concordant activation of Lyl1, Hhex, and Mycn or alternatively, with Notch1 target gene activation. Most strikingly, this gene expression clustering was conserved in human Early T-cell Precursor ALL (ETP-ALL), where LMO2, HHEX, LYL1, and MYCN were most highly expressed. We discovered that HHEX is a direct transcriptional target of LMO2 consistent with its concordant gene expression. Furthermore, conditional inactivation of Hhex in CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice markedly attenuated T-ALL development, demonstrating that Hhex is a crucial mediator of Lmo2's oncogenic function. The CD2-Lmo2 transgenic mice offer mechanistic insight into concordant oncogene expression and provide a model for the highly treatment-resistant ETP-ALL subtype.
Automatic detection of REM sleep in subjects without atonia

Idiopathic Rapid-Eye-Movement (REM) sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) is a strong early marker of Parkinson's Disease and is characterized by REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) and increased phasic muscle activity. Current proposed methods for detecting RSWA assume the presence of a manually scored hypnogram. In this study a full automatic REM sleep detector, using the EOG and EEG channels, is proposed. Based on statistical features, combined with subject specific feature scaling and post-processing of the classifier output, it was possible to obtain an mean accuracy of 0.96 with a mean sensititvity and specificity of 0.94 and 0.96 respectively.
on Growth Performance of Different Crosses

A study was conducted to evaluate body weight, weight gain and meat yield characteristics of different broilers produced by crossing 4 lines of chickens i.e. Male line white (MLW), Female line white (FLW), Male line colored (MLC), Female line colored (FLC). A total number of 193 crossbred chicks were produced by using the different crosses of MLW (♂) × FLW (♀), MLW (♂ (♂) × FLW (♀) and MLC (♂) × FLC (♀ were given to the experimental birds from of age. Two chickens (one male and one female) from each cross were sacrificed to determine their characteristics. CB (Commercial Broiler) was used as control along with experimental crosses of chickens to evaluate the meat yield. The body weight at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age was significantly (P<0.001) different among different crosses of chickens. Significantly (P<0.05) higher body weight was found in MLW × FLW followed by MLW × FLC, MLC × FLW and MLC × FLC. The weight gain was obtained the similar trend as the body weight. Dressing yield of MLW × FLW was higher than that of other crosses of chickens. The findings of this study suggested that the MLW × FLW may be suitable for producing white feathered broiler, while the MLC × FLC as colored broiler. Keyword – Body Weight, Body Weight Gain, Chicken, Meat Yield.
Design of a 5-dof haptic simulator for urological operations

A haptic feedback mechanism with five active degrees of freedom (dof), part of a training simulator for urological operations, is presented. The mechanism consists of a 2-dof 5-bar linkage, and a 3-dof spherical joint. To reproduce very small forces and moments, the mechanism has low friction, inertia and mass, is statically balanced, and has a simple mass matrix. Roll-pitch-yaw motions of the tool result in motions of the corresponding actuator. Force feedback transmission is achieved via capstan drives and idler pulleys. The computation of the currents and the structure of the control loop are described.
Enhancing News Articles Clustering using Word N-Grams

In this work we explore the possible enhancement of the document clustering results, and in particular clustering of news articles from the web, when using word-based n-grams during the keyword extraction phase. We present and evaluate a weighting approach that combines clustering of news articles derived from the web using n-grams, extracted from the articles at an offline stage. We compared this technique with the single minded bag-of-words representation that our clustering algorithm, W-kmeans, previously used. Our experimentation revealed that via tuning of the weighting parameters between keyword and n-grams, as well as the n itself, a significant improvement regarding the clustering results metrics can be achieved. This reflects more coherent clusters and better overall clustering performance.
A Neuropsychological Theory of Sound Design : Implications for Auditory Icons in Vehicles

A main function of warning and info sounds in vehicles is to convey a sense of the needed action. For instance, a warning sound that is intended to signal “stop the vehicle” should lead to only that action. Hence, warning and info sounds should lead to correct, and furthermore, the same reaction, in all user. In experimental psychology, the degree to which the sound elicits the correct action would be described as “stimulusreaction compatibility” (Guski, 1997). While there is some ongoing research on how to design auditory signals to optimize stimulus-action compatibility, there is currently a lack of theory that can guide sound design. It is our aim to develop a novel framework for the design and assessment of warning and information sounds. Here we describe a brief outline of our framework and implications for the creation and assessment of warning and information sounds in vehicles.
The Comptonized X-ray source X1724-308 in the globular cluster Terzan 2

We report on the BeppoSAX observation of the X-ray source X1724-308 in the globular cluster Terzan 2. The broadband spectrum can be described as the superposition of a power-law with photon spectral index 1.6-1.9 and a thermal component with typical temperature ~1 keV. X1724-308is detected in the PDS up to 150 keV with a S/N ratio >3, notwithstanding a sharp exponential cutoff at \~90 keV. The broadband spectrum can be best interpreted as due to the Comptonization of a Wien photon distribution with kT ~1 keV by a spherically-symmetric hot plasma with electron temperature ~30 keV and optical depth ~3. A comparison with the fainter and steeper state, which was observed by EXOSAT, suggests a correlation between the temperature of the Comptonizing electron distribution (or the plasma optical depth) and the X-ray intensity. The X-ray thermal component could originate from a boundary layer between the accretion disk and the compact object, or from the accretion disk itself.
Second-Order Risk Constraints in Decision Analysis

Recently, representations and methods aimed at analysing decision problems where probabilities and values (utilities) are associated with distributions over them (second-order representations) have been suggested. In this paper we present an approach to how imprecise information can be modelled by means of second-order distributions and how a risk evaluation process can be elaborated by integrating procedures for numerically imprecise probabilities and utilities. We discuss some shortcomings of the use of the principle of maximising the expected utility and of utility theory in general, and offer remedies by the introduction of supplementary decision rules based on a concept of risk constraints taking advantage of second-order distributions.
Introducing the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) in Japan: Results From a Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose Despite the growing importance of and interest in medical professionalism, there is no standardized tool for its measurement. The authors sought to verify the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX), a previously developed and tested tool, in the context of Japanese hospitals. Method A multicenter, cross-sectional evaluation study was performed to investigate the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the P-MEX in seven Japanese hospitals. In 2009–2010, 378 evaluators (attending physicians, nurses, peers, and junior residents) completed 360-degree assessments of 165 residents and fellows using the P-MEX. The content validity and criterion-related validity were examined, and the construct validity of the P-MEX was investigated by performing confirmatory factor analysis through a structural equation model. The reliability was tested using generalizability analysis. Results The contents of the P-MEX achieved good acceptance in a preliminary working group, and the poststudy survey revealed that 302 (79.9%) evaluators rated the P-MEX items as appropriate, indicating good content validity. The correlation coefficient between P-MEX scores and external criteria was 0.78 (P < .001), demonstrating good criterion-related validity. Confirmatory factor analysis verified high path coefficient (0.60–0.99) and adequate goodness of fit of the model. The generalizability analysis yielded a high dependability coefficient, suggesting good reliability, except when evaluators were peers or junior residents. Conclusions Findings show evidence of adequate validity, reliability, and generalizability of the P-MEX in Japanese hospital settings. The P-MEX is the only evaluation tool for medical professionalism verified in both a Western and East Asian cultural context.
Supporting cyber-physical systems with wireless sensor networks : An outlook of software and services

Sensing, communication, computation and control technologies are the essential building blocks of a cyber-physical system (CPS). Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a way to support CPS as they provide fine-grained spatial-temporal sensing, communication and computation at a low premium of cost and power. In this article, we explore the fundamental concepts guiding the design and implementation of WSNs. We report the latest developments in WSN software and services for meeting existing requirements and newer demands; particularly in the areas of: operating system, simulator and emulator, programming abstraction, virtualization, IP-based communication and security, time, and location. Finally, we report on the applicability of a WSN-driven CPS with a case-study on smart buildings.
Information Distance

While Kolmogorov (1965) complexity is the accepted absolute measure of information content in an individual finite object, a similarly absolute notion is needed for the information distance between two individual objects, for example, two pictures. We give several natural definitions of a universal information metric, based on length of shortest programs for either ordinary computations or reversible (dissipationless) computations. It turns out that these definitions are equivalent up to an additive logarithmic term. We show that the information distance is a universal cognitive similarity distance. We investigate the maximal correlation of the shortest programs involved, the maximal uncorrelation of programs (a generalization of the Slepian-Wolf theorem of classical information theory), and the density properties of the discrete metric spaces induced by the information distances. A related distance measures the amount of nonreversibility of a computation. Using the physical theory of reversible computation, we give an appropriate (universal, antisymmetric, and transitive) measure of the thermodynamic work required to transform one object in another object by the most efficient process. Information distance between individual objects is needed in pattern recognition where one wants to express effective notions of "pattern similarity" or "cognitive similarity" between individual objects and in thermodynamics of computation where one wants to analyze the energy dissipation of a computation from a particular input to a particular output.