Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Polynomial Time Algorithm for Exploring Unknown Graphs with Deficiency

We present an O(dn~ +m)-time algorithm for exploring (constructing) an unknown strongly connected graph G with m edges and n vertices by traversing at most dn~ -tm edges. Here, d is the minimum number of edges needed to add to G to make it Eulerian. This parameter d was introduced by Deng and Papadimitriou in (Deng & Papadimitriou 1990) and is known as the deficiency of a graph. They showed that in the worst case, f] (d~m) edge traversals are required and gave an algorithm that achieves an upper bound of d°(d)m edge traversals. Subsequently, Albers and Henzinger (Albers & Henzinger 1997) gave an algorithm that achieves an upper bound of O (ded21°s din) edge traversals. Our bound is an improvement over these earlier bounds when d -~ ~(log n).
Adolescent Maltreatment

The recognition by researchers that adolescent maltreatment was a distinct category within the overall context of child abuse and neglect did not occur until the 1970s. Since that time, several studies have been completed that effectively highlighted some of the main patterns and dynamics of adolescent maltreatment. Using a thematic approach, this article consolidates the findings from some of these studies. The three themes reviewed are (1) how the maltreatment of adolescents compares to the maltreatment of a younger child, (2) what constitutes the family dynamics of adolescent maltreatment, and (3) what factors impede the identification of, and provision of services to, maltreated adolescents and their families. We conclude with a brief discussion of the practice and policy implications inherent in the current findings and suggestions for further research.
Time Use and Psychological Wellbeing in Unemployed Youngsters

Looks at the possible association between spare time use and psychological wellbeing in a longitudinal investigation of young people who were studied from 1980 (when they were still at school) to 1988 (when they were in the workforce). In those who were unemployed or dissatisfied with their jobs, spare time spent in solitary, aimless activities was negatively associated with psychological wellbeing, whereas spare time spent in purposeful activities, particularly those involving other people, was positively associated with psychological wellbeing. No such associations were observed in those who were employed in jobs they saw as satisfactory, or in any of the groups while they were still at school. Discusses the implications for counselling dissatisfied young workers and the young unemployed.
Is There Empirical Evidence That Charter Schools “Push Out” Low-Performing Students?

A major concern among opponents to charter schools is whether these schools will serve all students. Some have raised concerns that charter schools will “push out” low-achieving students in hopes of improving the schools’ academic profile while minimizing costs by educating fewer challenging students. In this article, we use data from an anonymous major urban school district to examine whether we see exit patterns consistent with the claim that charter schools are more likely to push out low-achieving students than are traditional public schools (TPSs). Overall, we find no empirical evidence to support the notion of push-out.
Cbfa1-independent decrease in osteoblast proliferation, osteopenia, and persistent embryonic eye vascularization in mice deficient in Lrp5, a Wnt coreceptor

The low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (Lrp)-5 functions as a Wnt coreceptor. Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of Lrp5 develop a low bone mass phenotype. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that this phenotype becomes evident postnatally, and demonstrate that it is secondary to decreased osteoblast proliferation and function in a Cbfa1-independent manner. Lrp5 is expressed in osteoblasts and is required for optimal Wnt signaling in osteoblasts. In addition, Lrp5-deficient mice display persistent embryonic eye vascularization due to a failure of macrophage-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. These results implicate Wnt proteins in the postnatal control of vascular regression and bone formation, two functions affected in many diseases. Moreover, these features recapitulate human osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome, caused by LRP5 inactivation.
THE ARRIVAL OF A SIBLING: CHANGES IN PATTERNS OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MOTHER AND FIRST‐BORN CHILD

SUMMARY Interaction between mother and firstborn child before and after the birth of a second child was studied in 41 families, using home observations and interview techniques. Decreases in maternal attention and play, increases in confrontation, and changes in the balance of responsibility for initiating interaction were found. Changes in patterns of association between maternal and child variables after the birth of the sibling were primarily the result of changes in individual differences in child behaviour.
Resource allocation in wireless networks using directional antennas

With the continued increase of speed and capacities of computing devices and the growing needs of people for mobile computing capabilities, Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have gained a lot of interest from the research community. Quality of service (QoS) provisioning in MANETs is an essential component that is needed to support multimedia and real-time applications. On the other hand, directional antenna technology provides the capability for considerable increase in spatial reuse which is essential in the wireless medium. In this paper, a bandwidth reservation protocol for QoS routing in TDMA-based MANETs using directional antennas is presented. The routing algorithm allows a source node to reserve a path to a particular destination with the needed bandwidth which is represented by the number of slots in the data phase of the TDMA frame. Further optimizations to improve the efficiency and resource utilization of the network are provided
The Emerging Knowledge Governance Approach: Challenges and Characteristics

The ‘knowledge governance approach’ is characterized as a distinctive, emerging approach that cuts across the fields of knowledge management, organization studies, strategy and human resource management. Knowledge governance is taken up with how the deployment of governance mechanisms influences knowledge processes, such as sharing, retaining and creating knowledge. It insists on clear micro (behavioural) foundations, adopts an economizing perspective, and examines the links between knowledge-based units of analysis with diverse characteristics and governance mechanisms with diverse capabilities of handling these transactions. Research issues that the knowledge governance approach illuminates are sketched.
Dynamics of MOOC discussion forums

In this integrated study of dynamics in MOOCs discussion forums, we analyze the interplay of temporal patterns, discussion content, and the social structure emerging from the communication using mixed methods. A special focus is on the yet under-explored aspect of time dynamics and influence of the course structure on forum participation. Our analyses show dependencies between the course structure (video opening time and assignment deadlines) and the over-all forum activity whereas such a clear link could only be partially observed considering the discussion content. For analyzing the social dimension we apply role modeling techniques from social network analysis. While the types of user roles based on connection patterns are relatively stable over time, the high fluctuation of active contributors lead to frequent changes from active to passive roles during the course. However, while most users do not create many social connections they can play an important role in the content dimension triggering discussions on the course subject. Finally, we show that forum activity level can be predicted one week in advance based on the course structure, forum activity history and attributes of the communication network which enables identification of periods when increased tutor supports in the forum is necessary.
Using Effect Systems for Automating Model Extraction

We present a programming language called Do which has an effect system. Do is motivated by Wadler’s extension of the computational lambda calculus. Do is specified by augmenting (the language of) the extension with a set of predefined effects and with provision for programmers to create their own application-specific effects. Do is accompanied by Dome (Do model extractor), a tool to extract models of Do programs for model-checking. Models are created with regard to a particular computational effect or set of effects. A key difference between our approach and previous approaches is that vertices in program graphs represent the effect behaviour of statements, rather than the statement itself.
Putting recommendations on the map: visualizing clusters and relations

For users, recommendations can sometimes seem odd or counterintuitive. Visualizing recommendations can remove some of this mystery, showing how a recommendation is grouped with other choices. A drawing can also lead a user's eye to other options. Traditional 2D-embeddings of points can be used to create a basic layout, but these methods, by themselves, do not illustrate clusters and neighborhoods very well. In this paper, we propose the use of geographic maps to enhance the definition of clusters and neighborhoods, and consider the effectiveness of this approach in visualizing similarities and recommendations arising from TV shows.
A Review of Image Watermarking Applications in Healthcare

In this article, we focus on the complementary role of watermarking with respect to medical information security (integrity, authenticity .) and management. We review sample cases where watermarking has been deployed, we conclude that watermarking has found a niche role in healthcare systems, as an instrument for protection of medical information, for secure sharing and handling of medical images. The concern of medical experts on the preservation of documents diagnostic integrity remains paramount
Power spectrum analysis of heart-rate variability in the young zucker rat

Cardiac autonomic control was studied in a group of five young hyperinsulinaemic, insulin resistant, Zucker fatty rats (ZFR) compared with a control group of five young Zucker lean rats (ZLR). Power spectrum analysis (PSA) of heart rate variability (HRV) was performed with autoregressive (AR) models. All rats were anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbital. Mean insulinaemia and glycaemia levels were 185+27 muU/ml and 159+38 mg/dl, respectively, in the ZFR, and reduced to 13+13 muU/ml (p<0.05) and 101+15 mg/dl (p<0.05), respectively, in the ZLR. No significant difference in basal blood pressure was found between the two groups. Analysis of power spectrum density, normalized by the total area, showed a marked reduction (p<0.05) in the peak amplitude of the high frequency (HF) component in the ZFR group. No significant difference was observed in the peak amplitude of low frequency (LF) component between the two strains. LF/HF ratio was higher (p<0.05) in the ZFR group. These results indicate that in the young ZFR, hyperinulinemia associates with altered sympathovagal balance in the autonomic cardiovascular control, before the onset of significant changes in both sympathetic nervous activity and blood pressure.
Design of LLC resonant converter with integrated magnetic technology

Under the condition of 300-400 V input voltage and 48 V output voltages, this paper presents a thin-film integrated magnetic converter based on LLC resonant converter. In this paper, equivalent circuit of integrated magnetic components was gained and its working modes were discussed, then its design results were given. Thin-film technology was used to design integrated magnetic components. At last, its simulation results proved the validity of this design
Impact of Birth Order on Religious Behaviors among College Students Raised by Highly Religious Mormon Parents

This study examined the impact of birth order on religious behaviors among college students raised by two highly religious Mormon parents. It is argued that individuals raised in the same religious family might not be equally religious due to some differential childhood experiences based on their birth-order ranking. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by undergraduate students taking classes at a state university in Utah. Results of a multivariate analysis, based on participants coming from highly religious Mormon families, indicated that earlier-borns showed a higher Mormon religiosity than later-borns.
Single Genome Sequencing of HIV-1 Gag and Protease Resistance Mutations at Virologic Failure during the Ok04 Trial of Simplified versus Standard Maintenance Therapy

Background Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/RTV) alone has been evaluated as simplified maintenance therapy for HIV-1 infection, but there are concerns about greater potential for emergence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance. The OK04 trial evaluated maintenance therapy with LPV/RTV alone versus standard therapy (ST) with two NRTIs plus LPV/RTV in 205 patients, of whom 15 had virological rebound by week 48 (11 versus 4 patients, respectively). We developed a single genome sequencing (SGS) assay of HIV-1 gag and protease to assess the emergence of low frequency drug-resistant variants during virological rebound. Methods Plasma samples from 15 subjects at virological rebound were analysed by SGS of HIV-1 gag and protease genes. A total of 45 SGS sequences were planned per sample, providing 90% power to detect variants comprising >5% of the virus population. Results Overall, 521 single sequences obtained from 13 patients (range 4–48 sequences/patient) revealed similar frequencies of major protease resistance mutations in samples from the LPV/RTV alone (3/11) and ST (3/4) arms (P=0.10), with a median number of minor protease resistance mutations of 3.0 versus 3.5, respectively (P=0.23). Median number of gag PI resistance mutations were similar between the LPV/RTV alone and ST arms at cleavage sites (3.0 versus 2.5; P=0.83), non-cleavage sites (21 versus 16.5; P=0.71) and the transframe protein-p6 pol region cleavage sites (4.0 versus 3.0; P=0.6). Conclusions Although more subjects with simplified maintenance therapy with LPV/RTV alone had virological rebound compared to the ST arm, this was not associated with more frequent emergence of variants encoding PI resistance mutations in gag or protease detected by SGS.
Reducing child global undernutrition at scale in Sofala Province, Mozambique, using Care Group Volunteers to communicate health messages to mothers

Care Group peer-to-peer behavior change communication improved child undernutrition at scale in rural Mozambique and has the potential to substantially reduce under-5 mortality in priority countries at very low cost. Care Group peer-to-peer behavior change communication improved child undernutrition at scale in rural Mozambique and has the potential to substantially reduce under-5 mortality in priority countries at very low cost. Background: Undernutrition contributes to one-third of under-5 child mortality globally. Progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing under-5 mortality is lagging in many countries, particularly in Africa. This paper shares evidence and insights from a low-cost behavior-change innovation in a rural area of Mozambique. Intervention: About 50,000 households with pregnant women or children under 2 years old were organized into blocks of 12 households. One volunteer peer educator (Care Group Volunteer, or CGV) was selected for each block. Approximately 12 CGVs met together as a group every 2 weeks with a paid project promoter to learn a new child-survival health or nutrition message or skill. Then the CGVs shared the new message with mothers in their assigned blocks. Methods of evaluation: Household surveys were conducted at baseline and endline to measure nutrition-related behaviors and childhood nutritional status. Findings: More than 90% of beneficiary mothers reported that they had been contacted by CGVs during the previous 2 weeks. In the early implementation project area, the percentage of children 0–23 months old with global undernutrition (weight-for-age with z-score of less than 2 standard deviations below the international standard mean) declined by 8.1 percentage points (P<0.001), from 25.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.2%–29.6%) at baseline to 17.8% at endline (95% CI = 14.6%–20.9%). In the delayed implementation area, global undernutrition declined by 11.5 percentage points (P<0.001), from 27.1% (95% CI = 23.6%–30.6%) to 15.6% (95% CI = 12.6%–18.6%). Total project costs were US$3.0 million, representing an average cost of US$0.55 per capita per year (among the entire population of 1.1 million people) and US$2.78 per beneficiary (mothers with young children) per year. Conclusion: Using the Care Group model can improve the level of global undernutrition in children at scale and at low cost. This model shows sufficient promise to merit further rigorous testing and broader application.
Turning pictures into numbers: extracting and generating information from complex visualizations

We present a study of complex visualization usage by expert meteorological forecasters. We performed a protocol analysis and examined the types of visualizations they examined. We present evidence for how experts are able to make use of complex visualizations. Our findings suggest that users of complex visualizations create qualitative mental models from which they can then generate quantitative information. In order to build their qualitative mental models, forecasters integrated information across multiple visualizations and extracted primarily qualitative information from visualizations in a goal-directed manner. We discuss both theoretical and practical implications of this study.
Recreational Physical Activity and Mammographic Breast Density Characteristics

Increased mammographic breast density is considered an intermediate marker of breast cancer risk. Physical activity is believed to reduce breast cancer risk; however, its effect on breast density is not well understood. We studied the association between recreational physical activity and mammographic characteristics of the breast among a population of premenopausal and postmenopausal women enrolled as controls (n = 728) in a case-control study of mammographic breast density and breast cancer. Women were enrolled shortly after obtaining their regular screening mammograms, and participants reported their current and lifetime recreational physical activity history using a self-administered, reliable questionnaire at study enrollment. Linear regression was used to determine associations between physical activity variables and the dense breast area, non-dense area, total breast area, and percent density. Age-adjusted analyses revealed significant inverse associations between physical activity variables and the non-dense area and total area and positive associations with percent breast density. These associations were attenuated and nonsignificant after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). Adjustment for additional factors did not substantially change the results. Physical activity was not associated with the dense breast area before or after adjustment for BMI. Self-reported recreational physical activity was not significantly associated with the mammographic characteristics of the breast after adjustment for BMI in this population. These results suggest that the mechanism by which physical activity reduces breast cancer risk may not involve breast density. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(5):934–42)
Unbalanced M1/M2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Obese Diabetic Patients

The monocyte-macrophage system exists in at least two distinct phenotypes of differentiation: proinflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) (1,2). Macrophages, when infiltrated into obese adipose tissue, exhibit a phenotypic switch from M2 to M1 polarization, thereby contributing to obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance (1). Expression of both M1 and M2 markers is detected in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as in atherosclerotic plaques (3). However, there have been no detailed studies on the M1/M2 phenotype of monocytes and their association with cardiovascular risks in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, we demonstrated that pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class of insulin sensitizer, exerts an antiatherogenic effect independent of its antidiabetic effect …
Using Internet Geometry to Improve End-to-End Communication Performance

Title of dissertation Using Internet Geometry to Improve End-to-End Communication Performance Cristian Lumezanu, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Directed by Professor Neil Spring Department of Computer Science The Internet has been designed as a best-effort communication medium between its users, providing connectivity but optimizing little else. It does not guarantee good paths between two users: packets may take longer or more congested routes than necessary, they may be delayed by slow reaction to failures, there may even be no path between users. To obtain better paths, users can form routing overlay networks, which improve the performance of packet delivery by forwarding packets along links in self-constructed graphs. Routing overlays delegate the task of selecting paths to users, who can choose among a diversity of routes which are more reliable, less loaded, shorter or have higher bandwidth than those chosen by the underlying infrastructure. Although they offer improved communication performance, existing routing overlay networks are neither scalable nor fair: the cost of measuring and computing path performance metrics between participants is high (which limits the number of participants) and they lack robustness to misbehavior and selfishness (which could discourage the participation of nodes that are more likely to offer than to receive service). In this dissertation, I focus on finding low-latency paths using routing overlay networks. I support the following thesis: it is possible to make end-to-end communication between Internet users simultaneously faster, scalable, and fair, by relying solely on inherent properties of the Internet latency space. To prove this thesis, I take two complementary approaches. First, I perform an extensive measurement study in which I analyze, using real latency data sets, properties of the Internet latency space: the existence of triangle inequality violations (TIVs) (which expose detour paths : “indirect” one-hop paths that have lower round-trip latency than the “direct” default paths), the interaction between TIVs and network coordinate systems (which leads to scalable detour discovery), and the presence of mutual advantage (which makes fairness possible). Then, using the results of the measurement study, I design and build PeerWise, the first routing overlay network that reduces end-to-end latency between its participants and is both scalable and fair. I evaluate PeerWise using simulation and through a wide-area deployment on the PlanetLab testbed. Using Internet Geometry to Improve End-to-End Communication Performance