Fundamental Study and Development of 0-3 Dielectric Composites with High Dielectric Constant

ii Acknowledgments . iv List of Tables . ix List of Figures . xiii CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Literature Review . 1 1.1. Fundamentals of Dielectrics . 1 1.1.1. Dielectrics and Capacitance . 1 1.1.2. Mechanism of Polarization . 3 1.1.3. Dielectric Relaxation. 5 1.2. Dielectric Materials . 8 1.2.1. Inorganic Dielectric Materials . 9 1.2.2. Dielectric Polymers . 11 1.3. Dielectric Composites . 13 1.4. Polymer Based 0-3 Conductor-Dielectric Composites . 16 1.4.1. Percolation Theory . 16 1.4.2. Metal Particles Embedded in Polymer . 21 1.4.3. Carbon Filler Embedded in Polymer . 24 1.4.4. Conducting Polymer Embedded in Polymer . 25 1.4.5. Summary of Conductor-Polymer Composites . 26 1.5. Dielectric-Dielectric Composites . 27 1.5.1. Dielectric Physics of Composite with Simple Configuration . 28 1.5.2. Models for 0-3 Composites . 32 1.5.3. Limitation . 38 1.5.4. Interfacial Layer . 41 1.5.5. Dielectric Loss of Composite . 45 1.5. 6. Dielectric-Polymer 0-3 Composites . 46 1.6. Research Objectives . 49 vii References of Chapter 1 . 51 CHAPTER 2 Metal-Polymer Dielectric Composites with High Percolation Threshold . 62 2.1. Introduction . 62 2.2. Materials and Preparation . 62 2.2.1. Materials . 62 2.2.2. Preparation of Composites . 63 2.2.3. Materials Characterization . 67 2.3. Dielectric Behavior of Ni-P(VDF-TrFE) Composites . 67 2.3.1. Frequency Dependence of Dielectric Properties at Room Temperature . 67 2.3.2. Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties . 73 2.4. Dielectric Behavior of Ni-P(VDF-CTFE) Composites . 80 2.4.1. Frequency Dependence of Dielectric Properties at Room Temperature . 80 2.4.2. Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties . 85 2.5. Matrix Effects on Percolative Behavior of Ni-Polymer Composites . 99 2.5.1. Percolative Behavior of Ni-Polymer Composites at Room Temperature . 99 2.5.2. Percolative Behavior of Ni-Polymer Composites at Different Temperature . 102 2.5.3.  Fitting Close to the Percolation Threshold . 106 2.6. Conclusions . 107 References of Chapter 2 . 109 CHAPTER 3 All-Organic Nanocomposites with High Dielectric Constant . 110 3.1. Introduction . 110 3.2. Materials and Preparation . 110 3.2.1. Materials . 110 3.2.2. Preparation of Composite . 111 3.2.3. Materials Characterization . 114 3.3. Dielectric Behavior of PPy-P(VDF-TrFE) Composites . 114 3.3.1. PPy-P(VDF-TrFE) Composites at Room Temperature . 114 3.3.2. PPy-P(VDF-TrFE) Composites at Different Temperature . 119 3.4. Dielectric Behavior of PPy-P(VDF-CTFE) Composites . 127 3.4.1. PPy-P(VDF-CTFE) Composites at Room Temperature . 127 3.4.2. PPy-P(VDF-CTFE) Composites at Different Temperature . 130 3.5. Percolative Behavior of PPy-Polymer Composites . 139 3.5.1. Percolation Behavior of PPy-Polymer Composites at Room Temperature . 139 3.5.2. Percolative Behavior of PPy-Polymer Composites at Different Temperature . 142 viii 3.5.3.  Fitting Close to the Percolation Threshold . 146 3.6. Conclusions . 147 References of Chapter 3 . 149 CHAPTER 4 Further Study of Percolation Behavior of Polymer-based Composites . 150 4.1. Introduction . 150 4.2. Percolation Behavior of Six Systems of Conductor-Polymer Composites . 151 4.2.1. System-I: MWNT-PVDF Composites . 151 4.2.2. System-II: CB-BT-VMQ Composites . 154 4.2.3. System-III: PANI-PVDF Composites . 158 4.2.4. System-IV: Ag-PI Composites . 161 4.2.5. System-V: CF-PVDF Composites . 164 4.2.6. System-VI: TFP-MWNT-PVDF Composites. 167 4.3. Summary of Six System and Further Study . 171 4.4. Simulation . 174 4.5. Conclusions . 180 References of Chapter 4 . 182 CHAPTER 5 Complex Dielectric Constant of Composite Introduced Dielectric loss . 183 5.1. Introduction . 183 5.2. The Series Model Introduced Dielectric Loss . 183 5.2.1 The Relationship Between tanδ1, tanδ2 and tanδs . 184 5.2.2 The Relationship Between ε'1 , ε'2 and ε's . 185 5.3. The Maxwell-Wagner Model Introduced Dielectric Loss . 191 5.4. The Logarithmic Model Introduced Dielectric Loss . 194 5.5. The Maxwell-Wagner Model Introduced Conductivity .