Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Should We Have Faith in Faith‐Based Social Services? Rhetoric Versus Realistic Expectations

Early in his administration, President George W. Bush set forth his Faith-Based Initiative, which would authorize and encourage religious groups to compete for and provide publicly funded social services. This article analyzes the arguments made by supporters of faith-based social services in regard to their underlying values and premises. This analysis forms the basis for examining the managerial track record of faith-based organizations in the delivery of social services. To identify issues and trends within this category of service providers, the authors analyzed press reports of instances of wrong doing in faith-based groups from 1995 to 2001. Findings reveal that faith-based groups appear to be as susceptible to managerial and accountability inadequacies, if not outright wrongdoing, as are nonsectarian service providers. The authors identify implications regarding the credibility of faith-based groups and public trust as they pertain to an enhanced role in the less regulated service system that the president envisions.
An Evaluation of Award-Winning Elementary Teaching Materials from the Kazanjian Program.

This report investigated the effect of Kazanjian Foundation Award Programs for Teaching Economics (KFAP) on elementary school children, grades four through six. The research was designed around three groups -users of Kazanjian materials with teacher training, without teacher training, and users of normal curriculum materials. Teacher training consisted of a five-week summer session using four randomly selected KFAP units with follow-up during the school year. Student progress was measured by pre and post instruction use of the Test of Elementary Economics and pre instruction use of the John Flanagan Test of General Ability. Teacher progress was measured by pre and post instruction use of the Test of Elementary Economics and pre instruction use of the Test of Economic Understanding (TEU). Alter statistical analysis, the data indicated a significant contribution to the understanding of economic concepts and practices among elementary students by Kazanjian materials. Moreover, training of the teachers gave students a comparative advantage. Teacher competency in economics measured on the TEU also contributed to improved student performance. The results reinforced continuation of the Kazanjian program and suggested the usefulness of further follow-up research. (JH) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN MING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS SI A I ED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE `ENT OFFICIAL NATIONA,. INSTITUTE OF . F OurATiON POSO.ON OR POLICY AN EVALUPTION OF AWARD-WINNING ELEMENTARY TEACHING MATERIALS FROM THE KAZANJIAN PROGRAM Andrew T. Nappi C=3 Professor and Director Center for Economic Education St. Cloud State College St. Cloud, Minnesota The annual Kazanjian Foundation's Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics (hereafter designated as the KFAP) for elementary, secondary and college and university teachers was initiated in 1962. * During the first ten years of the program, approximately 400 cash prizes and honorable mention awards have been granted to elementary, secondary and college teachers throughout the United States. The KFAP has been recognized as having had ;, profound influence in increasing the economics content included in existing courses and programs in the schools of educators who received awards [ii. The specific purposes of the national KFAP are: (1) to stimulate improvements in teaching economics, (2) to encourage teachers to develop descriptions of their economic education teaching experiences, (3) to provide recognition for outstanding economic education teaching practices, and (4) to foster a
Employment Patterns of Female Coaches in Men's Athletics: Tokenism and Marginalization as Reflections of Occupational Sex-Segregation

Although a number of studies have investigated the decline of female coaches in women's athletics since Title IX, few have examined the impact of this landmark legislation on females employed in men's athletics. Therefore, this paper investigated the employment patterns of female coaches in men's interscholastic sports within the historical context of Title IX. Two theoretical constructs from occupational sex- segregation literature--tokenism and marginalization--were used to address three major concerns. First, if and when women served as head coaches, would they do so in a "token" capacity? This was determined by employing Kanter's (1977) theoretical model of group composition by gender ratio (representation). Second, were women "marginalized" by being significantly more likely to coach less prestigious men's sports? Finally, would these employment patterns be influenced by Title IX? The data set consisted of a random sample of 1,062 public high schools in Ohio for three Title IX time periods. Results from Chi-square and Analysis of Variance procedures indicated that: 1) even though there was a significant increase in the overall number of female head coaches since Title IX, women continued to represent less than two percent of all head coaching positions, and thus served as a "token" influence; and 2) in two of the three Title IX time periods, women were significantly more likely to coach the less prestigious sports, and thus were marginalized within meri's interscholastic athletics. These findings are discussed in terms of how tokenism and marginalization serve as mechanisms of social/institutional control that reproduce male dominance in sport.
A deformable model driven visual method for handling clothes

In this paper, we propose a deformable model-driven method to obtain the 3D information necessary for handling clothes by manipulators from observation with stereo cameras. The task considered in this paper is to hold up a target part of clothes (e.g. one shoulder of a pullover) by the second manipulator, when the clothes are held in the air at any point by the first manipulator. First, the method calculates possible 3D shapes of the hanging clothes by simulating the clothes deformation. The 3D shape whose appearance gives the best fit with the observed images is selected as estimation of the current state. Then, based on the estimated shape, the 3D position and normal direction of the part where the second manipulator should hold are calculated. The results of preliminary experiments using actual two manipulators have shown the good potential of the proposed method.
The Effect of a Summer Garden Program on the Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Children

Fifty-six children were included in a study that evaluated the effectiveness of a garden program designed to teach health and nutrition to second through fi fth grade-level children. The specifi c objectives of the research project were to evaluate the effect of the program on nutritional knowledge of the benefi ts of eating fruit and vegetables, nutritional attitudes toward fruit and vegetables, and eating behaviors of children, specifi cally consumption of fruit and vegetables. Children’s nutritional knowledge was measured with an 11-question multiple-choice exam based on the educational activities performed. Children’s nutritional attitudes regarding fruit and vegetables were measured with a fruit and vegetable preference questionnaire, and children’s eating behaviors were evaluated with an interview question asking them what they ate for a snack that day. After participating in the nutritional program, children’s knowledge about the benefi ts of eating fruit and vegetables signifi cantly improved, but there were no signifi cant differences found in participants’ attitude scores toward fruit and vegetables. However, the participants did report eating healthier snacks after participation in the nutritional program.
Dietary Reference Intakes and Nutrition Labeling: Updating the Daily Values for Vitamins and Minerals

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that it plans to update the daily values (DVs) in nutrition labeling to reflect the current dietary reference intake (DRI) values. The Institute of Medicine’s Food and Nutrition Board has recommended labeling of actual amounts in addition to the percentage daily value (%DV) on the Nutrition Facts Panel, as well as the use of a population-weighted estimated average requirement (EAR) in replacement of the highest recommended dietary allowance (RDA) on both the Nutrition Facts Panel and Supplement Facts Panel. For nearly 40 years, consumers have become accustomed to the DV reflecting the highest RDA. There is no question that nutrition labeling should be updated to reflect actual amounts in addition to the %DV and the current science surrounding DRI values. However, it is important to consider implications on consumer education and understanding prior to this major policy shift. This opinion article illustrates concerns with the proposed changes to nutritional labeling. To support the position that FDA should continue to use the highest RDA in nutrition labeling, actual population-weighted EAR and RDA values were calculated using the 2010 U.S. Census data to illustrate the portions of the population that would have a greater requirement for each nutrient should FDA implement the proposed changes. Nutritional labeling in the United States should serve as useful guidance to all individuals for the purpose of communicating how a serving of a food or dietary supplement contributes to that person’s daily nutrient(s) goal. The DV should remain based on the highest RDA so that the large majority of individuals in the population are covered, as has been in practice since 1973.
Consistent and Cost-Effective PCB-Based D-Band Air-Filled Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Filters

Only a limited amount of research has been performed on the implementation of air-filled substrate-integrated-waveguide (AFSIW) systems in multi-layer PCB stacks at subterahertz frequencies. In this paper, we investigate the manufacturing reliability and the measurement repeatability based on several measurements of AFSIW transmission lines and three different filters on three separate PCB panels at D-band frequencies (110 GHz-170 GHz). A promising dual-cavity AFSIW filter with a steep roll-off on both sides of the passband is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured insertion loss is around 3 dB, while the out-of-band suppression is better than 30 dB.
The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation.

This article describes the development and validation of a new measure of trauma-related thoughts and beliefs, the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI), whose items were derived from clinical observations and current theories of post-trauma psychopathology. The PTCI was administered to 601 volunteers, 392 of whom had experienced a traumatic event and 170 of whom had moderate to severe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Principal-components analysis yielded 3 factors: Negative Cognitions About Self. Negative Cognitions About the World, and Self-Blame. The 3 factors showed excellent internal consistency and good test-retest reliability; correlated moderately to strongly with measures of PTSD severity, depression, and general anxiety: and discriminated well between traumatized individuals with and without PTSD. The PTCI compared favorably with other measures of trauma-related cognitions, especially in its superior ability to discriminate between traumatized individuals with and without PTSD.
Manganese fluxes and manganese‐dependent neurotransmitter release in presynaptic nerve endings isolated from rat brain.

The uptake and efflux of 54Mn and 45Ca, and the release of dopamine (DA) were measured in pinched‐off presynaptic nerve endings (synaptosomes) isolated from rat brain. The uptake of Mn and Ca was increased when forebrain or striatal synaptosomes were incubated in a depolarizing, K‐rich solution. The time courses of K‐stimulated Mn and Ca entry were similar: there was initially a high rate of ion accumulation, lasting 1‐3 s, that gradually levelled off. The initial uptake of Mn, like that of Ca, was greatly diminished by a 10 s pre‐incubation in K‐rich solution prior to the addition of radiotracer. Several Ca channel blockers, including Ni (0.03 mM), Sr (2.0 mM), Co (0.04 mM), Ba (1.5 mM) and La (0.2 mM), suppressed the K‐stimulated uptake of Mn and of Ca to a similar extent. The K‐stimulated uptake of Mn increased as a function of the external Mn concentration, and saturated at high external concentrations of Mn. These high concentrations of Mn also blocked the K‐stimulated uptake of Ca. There was a decreased efflux of Ca, but not of Mn, from the synaptosomes when the external Na concentration was reduced. The Na‐dependent efflux of Ca was diminished by external Mn, but was unaffected when the synaptosomes were loaded with Mn. The rate of [3H]DA release from striatal synaptosomes was less than 0.001 s‐1 in non‐depolarizing, low‐K solutions, in the absence or presence of Mn and Ca (1 mM). The rate of release was also unchanged in depolarizing, K‐rich solutions in the absence of these divalent cations. The addition of 1 mM‐Mn to a K‐rich solution increased the rate of DA release by about 40%, and the time course of release was linear for at least 30 s. The addition of 1 mM‐Ca increased the rate of release nearly 100‐fold during the first second, and thereafter the rate of release rapidly declined. Ni (1 mM) and, to a lesser extent, Mg (10 mM) reduced the rate of K‐stimulated DA release that is dependent on either Mn or Ca. The pattern of inhibition of DA release resembled the pattern of inhibition of K‐stimulated uptake of Mn and Ca. The addition of Mn to K‐rich solutions stimulated the release of the neurotransmitters 5‐hydroxytryptamine and gamma‐aminobutyric acid, but not acetylcholine, from striatal synaptosomes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Systematic Butchery by Plio/Pleistocene Hominids at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania [and Comments and Reply]

Human origins research by archaeologists has expanded the evidence of the diet and subsistence activities of ancient hominids. We examine an important component of that evidence, the 1.75-million-year-old faunal assemblage from the FLK Zinjanthropus site at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Skeletal-part frequencies are used to evaluate hominid access to and differential transport of carcass portions of differing nutritional value. Cut-mark frequencies and locations are used to evaluate butchery patterns including skinning, disarticulation, and defleshing of carcasses. In contrast to other recently published assessments of the FLK Zinjanthropus data, we conclude that (1) ancient hominids had full access to meaty carcasses of many small and large animals prior to any substantial loss of meat or marrow bones through other predator or scavenger feeding; (2) ancient hominids were butchering animal carcasses by an efficient and systematic technique that involved skinning, disarticulation, and defleshing; and (3) the FLK Zinjanthropus site represents a place where the secondary butchering of selected carcass portions and the consumption of substantial quantities of meat and marrow occurred.
The effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fourty-four patients with type 2 DM were selected. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups. DATA COLLECTION Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment levels (CALs), gingival recession (GR) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline at 1st and 3rd months. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h post-prandial glucose (PPG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and microalbuminure were analysed at baseline, 3 months following the periodontal therapy. The treatment group received full-mouth scaling and root planing whereas the control group received no periodontal treatment. RESULTS A statistically significant effect could be demonstrated for PI, GI, PPD, CAL and BOP for the treatment group. HbA1c levels in the treatment group decreased significantly whereas the control group showed a slight but insignificant increase for this parameter. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that non-surgical periodontal treatment is associated with improved glycaemic control in type 2 patients and could be undertaken along with the standard measures for the diabetic patient care.
MNTG: A New Flexible Multilayer Network Topology Generator

The increasing use of both virtual and overlay networks have inflated the amount of stacked protocol layers in networking architectures. This added complexity calls for new types of protocols, i.e. multilayer forwarding and routing protocols, which can initially be designed by using simulations. Simulating such protocols, however, requires the input of appropriate network topologies. Most existing network topology generators only have the capability to produce flat topologies representing a given layer. To address this gap, a new multilayer network topology generator called MNTG is presented in this paper. Its flexible design provides for three modes from which to create multilayer network topologies. These are single topologies, multiple synthetic topologies or multiple real network maps. Given at most $n$ nodes per layer and $l$ layers, the compute cost is in the order of $O(nl^{2})$ operations. Multilayer routing simulations carried out over various MNTG-generated topologies show that the impact of modeling such multilayer topologies can be significant on the simulation results.
A Polarization Reconfigurable Cockroach Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

This work designs and analyzes a cockroach-shaped microstrip patch antenna on a Teflon Glass Fiber substrate for polarization reconfigurability. Hind leg of the cockroach is considered for microstrip feed line and antenna of the cockroach body is used as stub. Two diodes are inserted between cockroach head and stub. Depending on the diode and input port variations, the antenna can switch between four polarization states. The findings demonstrate that the suggested antenna can produce ±45° linear polarization as well as right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) at specified frequencies with a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of > 1.6 %. The antenna is well-matched and has a 23% impedance bandwidth for less than -10 dB return loss. The antenna has a gain of more than 5 dBi in all polarization states across the designed frequency ranges.
Shrinking large visual vocabularies using multi-label agglomerative information bottleneck

The quality of visual vocabularies is crucial for the performance of bag-of-words image classification methods. Several approaches have been developed for codebook construction, the most popular method is to cluster a set of image features (e.g. SIFT) by k-means. In this paper, we propose a two-step procedure which incorporates label information into the clustering process by efficiently generating a large and informative vocabulary using class-wise k-means and reducing its size by agglomerative information bottleneck (AIB). We introduce an extension of the AIB procedure for multi-label problems and show that this two-step approach improves the classification results while reducing computation time compared to the vanilla k-means. We analyse the reasons for the performance gain on the PASCAL VOC 2007 data set.
Clustering-based time-domain inter-cell interference coordination in dense small cell networks

As traditional wireless cellular networks are facing a rapid growth of traffic demand, future networks may consist of a large number of small cells which are densely deployed. However, networks in dense environment is exposed to strong inter-cell interference problem which is critical to networks capacity. To solve the problem, we use the Graph Coloring Algorithm (GCA) to divide the small cells into different clusters to mitigate the serious inter-cell interference between the dense small cells, and accordingly reducing the transmission power of small cell BSs in some subframes based on the proposed utility function. The existence of the optimal solutions to the problem is discussed, then the Differential Evolution (DE) is applied to search the optimal transmission power which maximizes the proposed utility function. Intensive simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly mitigate the co-tier interference and maximize networks capacity.
Inhibition by a coantioxidant of aortic lipoprotein lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein receptor gene double knockout mice

Antioxidants can inhibit atherosclerosis in animals, though it is not clear whether this is due to the inhibition of aortic lipoprotein lipid (per)oxidation. Coantioxidants inhibit radical‐induced, tocopherol‐mediated peroxidation of lipids in lipoproteins through elimination of tocopheroxyl radical. Here we tested the effect of the bisphenolic probucol metabolite and coantioxidant H 212/43 on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene double knockout (apoE‐/‐;LDLr‐/‐) mice, and how this related to aortic lipid (per)oxidation measured by specific HPLC analyses. Dietary supplementation with H 212/43 resulted in circulating drug levels of ∼200 µM, increased plasma total cholesterol slightly and decreased plasma and aortic α‐tocopherol significantly relative to age‐matched control mice. Treatment with H 212/43 increased the antioxidant capacity of plasma, as indicated by prolonged inhibition of peroxyl radical‐induced, ex vivo lipid peroxidation. Aortic tissue from control apoE‐/‐;LDLr‐/‐ mice contained lipid hydro(pero)xides and substantial atherosclerotic lesions, both of which were decreased strongly by supplementation of the animals with H 212/43. The results show that a coantioxidant effectively inhibits in vivo lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis in apoE‐/‐;LDLr‐/‐ mice, consistent with though not proving a causal relationship between aortic lipoprotein lipid oxidation and atherosclerosis in this model of the disease. —Witting, P. K. , Pettersson, K. , Östlund‐Lindqvist, A. ‐M. , Westerlund, C. , Westin Eriksson, A. , Stocker, R. Inhibition by a coantioxidant of aortic lipoprotein lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein receptor gene double knockout mice. FASEB J. 13, 667–675 (1999)
Recent Developments in Understanding the Gate Switching Instability in Silicon Carbide MOSFETs

Silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are becoming increasingly important in numerous renewable energy applications that inherently involve electric power conversion. These applications typically require continuous switching of the gate voltage at frequencies up to hundreds of kilohertz, at which the use of SiC MOSFETs is particularly beneficial.Here, we discuss the gate switching instability, which is a component of the threshold voltage drift, inherently present in all commercial SiC MOSFETs. It arises exclusively under continuous gate switching with bipolar voltage levels, whereby the properties of the gate switching instability differ significantly from those of conventional bias temperature instability. After a review of these defining properties, we discuss the two prevalent mechanisms that have been suggested and discuss their conformity with experimental findings.