Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Paper: The Extent and Importance of Unintended Consequences Related to Computerized Provider Order Entry

BACKGROUND Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems can help hospitals improve health care quality, but they can also introduce new problems. The extent to which hospitals experience unintended consequences of CPOE, which include more than errors, has not been quantified in prior research. OBJECTIVE To discover the extent and importance of unintended adverse consequences related to CPOE implementation in U.S. hospitals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Building on a prior qualitative study involving fieldwork at five hospitals, we developed and then administered a telephone survey concerning the extent and importance of CPOE-related unintended adverse consequences to representatives from 176 hospitals in the U.S. that have CPOE. MEASUREMENTS Self report by key informants of the extent and level of importance to the overall function of the hospital of eight types of unintended adverse consequences experienced by sites with inpatient CPOE. RESULTS We found that hospitals experienced all eight types of unintended adverse consequences, although respondents identified several they considered more important than others. Those related to new work/more work, workflow, system demands, communication, emotions, and dependence on the technology were ranked as most severe, with at least 72% of respondents ranking them as moderately to very important. Hospital representatives are less sure about shifts in the power structure and CPOE as a new source of errors. There is no relation between kinds of unintended consequences and number of years CPOE has been used. Despite the relatively short length of time most hospitals have had CPOE (median five years), it is highly infused, or embedded, within work practice at most of these sites. CONCLUSIONS The unintended consequences of CPOE are widespread and important to those knowledgeable about CPOE in hospitals. They can be positive, negative, or both, depending on one's perspective, and they continue to exist over the duration of use. Aggressive detection and management of adverse unintended consequences is vital for CPOE success.
A STUDY ON GENDER DIFFERENCE IN ATTITUDE TOWARDS SCIENCE

Attitude is normally considered to be one of the important causes of variation in individual achievement and also a very basis of cognitive development and motivation, as well as several other positive links of success. Invariably, it means a student (she or he) must have a positive attitude towards the study of a particular subject as this influences ones performance and achievement in the subject. However, research studies have indicated that some level of gender inequality exists in attitude towards science and if this trend is allowed to continue, the dream of having adequate talented women to meet the manpower levels needed to support science and technological growth and development might severely be affected. Taking this into consideration, an attempt has been made to investigate whether gender differences still exist in attitude towards science. An attitude towards Science-Questionnaire was administered on approximately 200 students, both male and female who have offered science at Secondary School level. From data analysis involving use of descriptive statistics (mean, SD, and t-test) it was found that there was significant difference between the attitudes of females with respect to males towards science. The results of this study show that there is a significant level of attitudinal differences towards science subjects between male and female students at secondary school level and that might be influencing the enrolment at higher level of studies in science streams.
A Computer Algebra Package for Polynomial Sequence Recognition

The software package developed in the thesis research implements functions for the intelligent guessing of polynomial sequence formulas based on user-defined expected sequence factors of the input coefficients. We present a specialized hybrid approach to finding exact representations for polynomial sequences that is motivated by the need for an automated procedures to discover the precise forms of these sums based on user guidance, or intuition, as to special sequence factors present in the formulas. In particular, the package combines the user input on the expected special sequence factors in the polynomial coefficient formulas with calls to the existing functions as subroutines that then process formulas for the remaining sequence terms already recognized by these packages. The factorization – based approach to polynomial sequence recognition is unique to this package and allows the search functions to find expressions for polynomial sums involving Stirling numbers and other special triangular sequences that are not readily handled by other software packages. The thesis contains a number of concrete, working examples of the package that are intended to both demonstrate usage and to document its current sequence recognition capabilities.
Developing better policies for the sustainable development of the Indian Coal Sector

Coal accounts for about 70% of total electricity generation in India and is likely to remain a key energy source for at least the next 30-40 years. A significant growth in India’s coal use is predicted in consonance with the country’s continued development. Such an increase must occur through (and, indeed, is dependent upon) environmentally and socially sustainable development of this sector. The main challenges to such a transition pertain to a) high demand for coal in the power sector, which would speed up coal exploration and extraction, and b) current and past socio-environmental concerns. Areas that need particular attention include: a) managing the demand for coal, b) strengthening data collection and analysis (especially coal reserve estimates), c) developing a technology and policy roadmap for efficient extraction, along with a visioning exercise, and d) better resettlement & rehabilitation and environmental impact assessment policies.
Leisure-time physical activity among US adults. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of no leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among US adults is estimated to be between 24% and 30%. Such information, however, usually does not include prevalence estimates for non-Hispanic blacks, Mexican Americans, and the elderly. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of participation in leisure-time physical activity among US adults. METHODS Between 1988 and 1991, 9488 adults aged 20 years and older were interviewed in their home as part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A clinic examination in a mobile center was also included. Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic blacks, and the elderly were oversampled to produce reliable estimates for these groups. Questions were asked about the type and frequency of physically active hobbies, sports, and exercises. RESULTS The prevalence of no LTPA for US adults aged 20 years or older from 1988 through 1991 was 22%. The rate was higher in women (27%) than in men (17%). Mexican-American men (33%) and women (46%) and non-Hispanic black women (40%) had the highest rates of no LTPA. Participation in moderate to vigorous LTPA five or more times per week decreased with age, with the largest decreases observed among non-Hispanic black men and women. In almost all subpopulations, gardening and/or yard work and walking were stated as the two top LTPAs of choice. CONCLUSIONS Many Americans are inactive or irregularly active during their leisure time. Rates of inactivity are greater for women, older persons, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Intervention strategies meant to promote lifetime physical activities among all Americans represents a major health priority.
Object Extraction and Reconstruction in Active Video

A new method of video object extraction is proposed to accurately obtain the object of interest from actively acquired videos. Traditional video object extraction techniques often operate under the assumption of homogeneous object motion and extract various parts of the video that are motion consistent as objects. In contrast, the proposed active video object extraction (AVOE) paradigm assumes that the object of interest is being actively tracked by a non-calibrated camera under general motion and classifies the possible movements of the camera that result in the 2D motion patterns as recovered from the image sequence. Consequently, the AVOE method is able to extract the single object of interest from the active video. We formalize the AVOE process using notions from Gestalt psychology. We define a new Gestalt factor called "shift and hold" and present 2D object extraction algorithms. Moreover, since an active video sequence naturally contains multiple views of the object of interest, we demonstrate that these views can be combined to form a single 3D object regardless of whether the object is static or moving in the video.
Multicomponent Interventions to Enhance Influenza Vaccine Delivery to Adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To compare school- versus provider-based approaches to improving influenza vaccination coverage among adolescents in rural Georgia. METHODS: We used a nonrandomized, 3-armed design: (1) a middle- and high school-based influenza vaccination intervention in 1 county; (2) a provider-based influenza vaccination intervention in a second county; and (3) a standard-of-care condition in a third county. Interventions also included distribution of an educational brochure, school presentations, and community-based outreach to enhance vaccine knowledge and awareness among adolescents and their parents. RESULTS: During the 2008–2009 influenza season, 70 (19%) of 370 students were vaccinated in the school-based county and 110 (15%) of 736 students were vaccinated in the provider-based county, compared with 71 (8%) of 889 students in the standard-of-care county (risk ratio [RR]school: 2.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7–3.2]; RRprovider: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.4–2.5]). During 2009–2010, seasonal influenza vaccination coverage was 114 (30.4%) of 375 of students in the school-based county, 122 (16.9%) of 663 of students in the provider-based county, and 131 (15.2%) of 861 students in the standard-of-care county (RRschool: 2.3 [95% CI: 1.9–2.9]; RRprovider: 1.2 [95% CI: 0.97–1.5]). CONCLUSIONS: Special efforts to promote influenza vaccination among rural, predominantly black students were associated with increased vaccination coverage. The school-based influenza vaccination intervention was associated with the highest levels of vaccination coverage. This study revealed the efficacy of school-based influenza education to improve vaccination rates among adolescents.
Reared apart Korean female twins: Genetic and cultural influences on life histories, physical and health-related measures, and behavioral traits

This paper reports physical and behavioral similarities and differences in a pair of 18-year-old monozygotic (MZA) female twins, raised apart from birth in dramatically different cultures: South Korea and the United States. The main outcome measures included life history characteristics (e.g., age at separation, age at reunion), physical and health-related traits (e.g., height, weight, body mass index, age at menarche, illnesses), and behavioral traits (e.g., IQ, special mental abilities, personality traits, dietary preferences). Similarities in some physical characteristics, as well as differences, were noted. High levels of concordance were obtained for IQ and for two special mental ability measures. Selected personality traits presented a mixed picture with respect to concordance and discordance, and dietary preferences showed some unexpected similarities. The findings are discussed with reference to genetic and cultural influences on development.
Development of resurgent and persistent sodium currents in mesencephalic trigeminal neurons

Sodium channels play multiple roles in the formation of neural membrane properties in mesencephalic trigeminal (Mes V) neurons and in other neural systems. Mes V neurons exhibit conditional robust high‐frequency spike discharges. As previously reported, resurgent and persistent sodium currents (INaR and INaP, respectively) may carry small currents at subthreshold voltages that contribute to generation of spike firing. These currents play an important role in maintaining and allowing high‐frequency spike discharge during a burst. In the present study, we investigated the developmental changes in tetrodotoxin‐sensitive INaR and INaP underlying high‐frequency spike discharges in Mes V neurons. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings showed that both current densities increased one and a half times from postnatal day (P) 0–6 neurons to P7–14 neurons. Although these neurons do not exhibit subthreshold oscillations or burst discharges with high‐frequency firing, INaR and INaP do exist in Mes V neurons at P0–6. When the spike frequency at rheobase was examined in firing Mes V neurons, the developmental change in firing frequency among P7–14 neurons was significant. INaR and INaP density at −40 mV also increased significantly among P7–14 neurons. The change to an increase in excitability in the P7–14 group could result from this quantitative change in INaP. In neurons older than P7 that exhibit repetitive firing, quantitative increases in INaR and INaP density may be major factors that facilitate and promote high‐frequency firing as a function of age in Mes V neurons.
Effect of Neuropeptide Y on Natural Killer Activity of Normal Human Lymphocytes

The in vitro effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on natural killer (NK) cell activities of normal lymphocytes was investigated. NPY at 10(-9) to 10(-12) M concentrations produced significant suppression of NK activity against K 562 target cells. NPY at 10(-9) to 10(-12) M concentrations also produced significant inhibitory effects on NK activities of NK-enriched large granular lymphocytes against LAV-infected 8E5/LAV target cells. The suppression was dose dependent against both targets. NPY-induced suppression of NK activity of lymphocytes against K 562 target cells was specifically reversed by rabbit anti-NPY antisera at 1:800 and 1:1600 dilutions, showing the specificity of reactions. Pretreatment of target cells with NPY concentrations capable of inhibiting NK activity did not affect the sensitivity of K 562 target cells for lysis by effector cells. Inhibition of cytotoxicity was not due to direct toxicity of effector cells, because lymphocytes treated with NPY showed normal levels of 51Cr release and their viability was comparable to that of untreated control cells. These studies demonstrated that NPY, a product of sympathetic nervous system activation, may have a significant immunoregulatory effect on NK cell activities of normal lymphocytes that may be of clinical significance.
Addressing Depression through Behavioural Activation: A Role for Occupational Therapy

Introduction • Behavioural Activation is a treatment approach for depression which focuses on people’s goals and activity patterns • In some ways it is similar to Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy, but the main purpose is increase people’s participation in activities and contexts which are reinforcing and hold personal meaning, rather than examining and reworking underlying patterns of thinking (Jacobson, Martell, & Dimidjian, 2001) • In essence, individuals who choose to engage in activities despite symptoms of depression will begin to break through the cycle of depression
Recombinant Immunotoxin 4D5scFv-PE40 for Targeted Therapy of HER2-Positive Tumors

Recombinant immunotoxins are extremely promising agents for the targeted therapy of tumors with a certain molecular profile. In this work, we studied the properties of a new recombinant HER2-specific immunotoxin composed of the scFv antibody and a fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (4D5scFv-PE40). High affinity of the immunotoxin for the HER2 tumor marker, its selective cytotoxicity against HER2-overexpressing cells, and its storage stability were demonstrated. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the 4D5scFv-PE40 immunotoxin for HER2-overexpressing cancer cells was 2.5–3 orders of magnitude lower compared to that for CHO cells not expressing this tumor marker and was 2.5–3 orders of magnitude lower than IC50 of free PE40 for HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. These findings provide a basis for expecting in the long run high therapeutic index values of the 4D5scFv-PE40 immunotoxin for its use in vivo.
Symbolic Deductive Reasoning using Connectionist Models

In this paper, we try to combine the possibility of symbolic deductive reasoning with the learning capability of the connectionist models. We introduce several algorithms for learning relations between concepts and finding paths in a transitive manner between learned concepts. An application that implements the proposed model is described and a number of case studies are presented.
High-order harmonic generation directly from a filament

The synthesis of isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region has opened up the shortest time scales for time-resolved studies. It relies on the generation of high-order harmonics (HHG) from high-power few-cycle infrared (IR) laser pulses. Here we explore experimentally a new and simple route to IAP generation directly from 35 fs IR pulses that undergo filamentation in argon. Spectral broadening, self-shortening of the IR pulse and HHG are realized in a single stage, reducing the cost and experimental effort for easier spreading of attosecond sources. We observe continuous XUV spectra supporting IAPs, emerging directly from the filament via a truncating pinhole to vacuum. The extremely short absorption length of the XUV radiation makes it a highly local probe for studying the elusive filamentation dynamics and in particular provides an experimental diagnostic of short-lived spikes in laser intensity. The excellent agreement with numerical simulations suggests the formation of a single-cycle pulse in the filament.
Prediction of the Scholarship Using Comprehensive Development

In major colleges and universities, in order to mobilize students enthusiasm for studying and participating in extracurricular activities, all colleges make an evaluation on students comprehensive quality and set different rewards regulations for the various level. The main way is to provide financial incentives, they distribute scholarship for students of meeting requirements. The Decision Tree algorithm is frequently used all the time, however, because of the tree node selected is based on attribute's mutual information, which will lead to some crucial attribute lost their decisive role. Therefore, in this paper, we focused on predicting whether students obtain scholarship on the comprehensive quality of students with Naive Bayes algorithm.
DNA Microarray and Signal Transduction Analysis in Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells From Heritable and Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Subjects

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased pulmonary vascular smooth muscle contraction and proliferation. Here, we analyze genome‐wide mRNA expression in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) isolated from three control, three hereditary (HPAH), and three idiopathic PAH (IPAH) subjects using the Affymetrix Human Gene ST 1.0 chip. The microarray analysis reveals the expression of 537 genes in HPAH and 1024 genes in IPAH changed compared with control HPASMC. Among those genes, 227 genes show similar directionality of expression in both HPAH and IPAH HPASMC. Ingenuity™ Pathway Analysis (IPA) suggests that many of those genes are involved in cellular growth/proliferation and cell cycle regulation and that signaling pathways such as the mitotic activators, polo‐like kinases, ATM signaling are activated under PAH conditions. Furthermore, the analysis demonstrates downregulated mRNA expression of certain vasoactive receptors such as bradykinin receptor B2 (BKB2R). Using real time PCR, we verified the downregulated BKB2R expression in the PAH cells. Bradykinin‐stimulated calcium influx is also decreased in PAH PASMC. IPA also identified transcriptional factors such p53 and Rb as downregulated, and FoxM1 and Myc as upregulated in both HPAH and IPAH HPASMC. The decreased level of phospho‐p53 in PAH cells was confirmed with a phospho‐protein array; and we experimentally show a dysregulated proliferation of both HPAH and IPAH PASMC. Together, the microarray experiments and bioinformatics analysis highlight an aberrant proliferation and cell cycle regulation in HPASMC from PAH subjects. These newly identified pathways may provide new targets for the treatment of both hereditary and idiopathic PAH. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 386–397, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Contribution of Dysfunctional Obsessive Beliefs in Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Adolescents

Although there are several studies in the literature assessing the role of dysfunctional “obsessive beliefs” in the development of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms, little is known about the contribution of these beliefs among adolescents. In this study 966 adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years completed questionnaires measuring obsessive beliefs, thought-action fusion (TAF), and obsessive-compulsive, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Results indicated that all OC symptom dimensions assessed by LOI-CV were significantly associated with all of the obsessive beliefs measured by OBQ-44, and these relationships remained significant even controlling for depression symptoms. Linear regression analysis indicated that three factors predict all of the OC symptom dimensions: (1) perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty, (2) depression, and (3) anxiety symptoms. Moreover, TAF-Likelihood belief predicts mental compulsion and superstition symptoms. The implications of this study for therapy processes are disc.
Finding Affordable and Collaborative Teams from a Network of Experts

Given an expert network, we tackle the problem of finding a team of experts that covers a set of required skills and also minimizes the communication cost as well as the personnel cost of the team. Since two costs need to be minimized, this is a bicriteria optimization problem. We show that the problem of minimizing these objectives is NP-hard. We use two approaches to solve this bicriteria optimization problem. In the first approach, we propose several (α, β)-approximation algorithms that receive a budget on one objective and minimizes the other objective within the budget with guaranteed performance bounds. In the second approach, an approximation algorithm is proposed to find a set of Pareto-optimal teams, in which each team is not dominated by other feasible teams in terms of the personnel and communication costs. The proposed approximation algorithms have provable performance bounds. Extensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed algorithms.