Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Impact of Data-driven Tutoring Methods on Students' Demonstrative Knowledge in Logic Problem Solving

We have been incrementally adding data-driven methods into the Deep Thought logic tutor for the purpose of creating a fully data-driven intelligent tutoring system. Our previous research has shown that the addition of data-driven hints, worked examples, and problem assignment can improve student performance and retention in the tutor. In this study, we investigate how the addition of these methods aﬀects students’ demonstrative knowledge of logic proof solving using their post-tutor examination scores. We have used data collected from three test conditions with diﬀerent combinations of our data-driven additions to determine which methods are most beneﬁcial to students who demonstrate higher or lower knowledge of the subject matter. Our results show that students who are assigned problems based on proﬁling proﬁciency compared to prior exemplary students with similar problem-solving behavior show higher examination scores overall, and the use of proﬁciency proﬁling increases retention and reduces the amount of time taken in-tutor for lower performing students in particular. The results from this study also helps diﬀerentiate the behavior of higher and lower performing students in tutor, which can allow quicker interventions for lower proﬁciency students.
A polar-nucleus dark lane in the barred spiral M83: Three dimensional accretion in the nucleus

The central region of the barred spiral galaxy M83 reveals a polar-nucleus dust lane, wh ich extends from the NE molecular bar and crosses the central bulge. Its SW counterpart is not visible, being hidden behind the bulge. This asymmetry, in spite of the galaxy's face-on orientation and the symmetric bar struct ure in the CO-line emission, indicates that the dark lane is an off-plane structure. Such a ``polar-nucleus'' structure can be formed by a non-coplanar, three-dimensional acc retion in a warped disk.
GALILEO: A Georeferenced System proposed for Emergency Services’ Population Control

Introduction: Overpopulation in emergency services is a problem that can be observed worldwide, and although it has been addressed from different disciplines and perspectives, it still afflicts citizens who are subject to long waiting lists before being attended. Objective: The work here describes the design, development and the first validation of a Web and Mobile georeferenced crowd system for the city of Bogotá, Colombia, oriented to inform and empower the citizen on the population status of the emergency services found in the city. Materials and Method: In this document, we present the architecture, design, and features of the GALILEO System, with results regarding the first validation with citizens of Bogotá, to capture the acceptance and perceived impact of this type of solution in the context in which the System is proposed to function. Results and Discussion: Although GALILEO has not yet been massively implemented in the context for which it is proposed, the results presented here allow us to explore how Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can be proposed to solve complex social problems, particularly considering the role of the citizen as a source and receiver of information.
Closeness Centrality for Networks with Overlapping Community Structure

Certain real-life networks have a community structure in which communities overlap. For example, a typical bus network includes bus stops (nodes), which belong to one or more bus lines (communities) that often overlap. Clearly, it is important to take this information into account when measuring the centrality of a bus stop - how important it is to the functioning of the network. For example, if a certain stop becomes inaccessible, the impact will depend in part on the bus lines that visit it. However, existing centrality measures do not take such information into account. Our aim is to bridge this gap. We begin by developing a new game-theoretic solution concept, which we call the Configuration semivalue, in order to have greater flexibility in modelling the community structure compared to previous solution concepts from cooperative game theory. We then use the new concept as a building block to construct the first extension of Closeness centrality to networks with community structure (overlapping or otherwise). Despite the computational complexity inherited from the Configuration semivalue, we show that the corresponding extension of Closeness centrality can be computed in polynomial time. We empirically evaluate this measure and our algorithm that computes it by analysing the Warsaw public transportation network.
Dense Face Alignment

Face alignment is a classic problem in the computer vision field. Previous works mostly focus on sparse alignment with a limited number of facial landmark points, i.e., facial landmark detection. In this paper, for the first time, we aim at providing a very dense 3D alignment for large-pose face images. To achieve this, we train a CNN to estimate the 3D face shape, which not only aligns limited facial landmarks but also fits face contours and SIFT feature points. Moreover, we also address the bottleneck of training CNN with multiple datasets, due to different landmark markups on different datasets, such as 5, 34, 68. Experimental results show our method not only provides high-quality, dense 3D face fitting but also outperforms the state-of-the-art facial landmark detection methods on challenging datasets. Our model can run at real time during testing and it's available at http:///cvlab.cse. msu.edu/project-pifa.html.
Submerged speleothem in Malta indicates tectonic stability throughout the Holocene

Submerged caves represent potential archives of speleothems with continental and marine biogenic layers. In turn, these can be used to reconstruct relative sea-level changes. This study presents new data on the tectonic behaviour of the island of Malta during the Holocene. These data were obtained from a speleothem sampled, during an underwater survey, at a depth of −14.5 m, inside a recently discovered submerged cave. Since the cave was mainly formed in a subaerial karst environment, the presence of a speleothem with serpulids growing on its continental layers permitted the reconstruction of the chronology for drowning of the cave. The radiocarbon dates obtained from the penultimate and last continental layers of the speleothem, before a serpulid encrustation, were compared with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and global positioning system (GPS) data, together with published sedimentological and archaeological data. The radiocarbon analyses provided an average age of 7.6 ka BP that perfectly aligns with the Lambeck’s model of Holocene sea level. Morevoer, long-term data agree with published archeological and sedimentological data as well as with SAR interpherometric and GPS trends on a decadal scale. We conclude that the Maltese islands were tectonically stable during the Holocene, and this tectonic behaviour still persists nowadays. On the contrary, new informations on older deposits, such as MIS5e (Maritime Isotope Stage, corresponding to 125 ka ago) were not found in the study area, confirming the lack of older Quaternary marine deposits in these islands.
Leadership Ranking : Bringing Order to Correlated Time Series

Data streams have emerged as an important research area in recent years due to its ubiquitous presence in various application domains including stock market analysis in finance. Therefore, it has become increasingly demanding to develop efficient techniques to discover useful patterns from such data streams. Among many issues, analyzing the correlation between two data streams is an important technique to study linear co-movements of two data streams [11, 9]. Yet, lagged correlation further captures lagged co-movements between time-evolving streams [4, 6], which is especially useful for forecasting and monitoring. In empirical finance, the statistics (e.g., price, return, volatility) of a security may exhibit a lead-lag effect on those of other securities [7]. This information can be used to predict the trends of the led securities. Although the lagged correlation between a pair of streams has been well studied in empirical research [3, 1] and efficient algorithms to discover lagged correlations have also been developed [8], the study on analyzing the relationships across multiple data streams is still lacking. The comprehensive relationships among multiple data streams is very helpful in understanding, monitoring and controlling the overall movement of the entity where the data streams are generated. We study the problem of discovering the leadership relationships among a set of time series by analyzing lead-lag relations. In particular, we study this problem on one of its typical applications in financial market: finding the leaders among multiple time series of stock prices. Extracting the group of stock leaders will bring enlightening information as discussed below.
Maternal Personality Influences the Relationship Between Maternal Reports and Laboratory Measures of Child Temperament

Previous research has indicated that agreement between maternal reports of child temperament and laboratory measures is modest; however, it is unclear whether maternal characteristics influence convergence between methods. We examined whether mothers’ personality influenced agreement between maternal reports and observational measures of child traits. A total of 64 mothers and children participated in this study. Maternal negative emotionality (NE) moderated the relationship between maternal reports and laboratory measures of child temperament: Greater convergence was found between maternal ratings of children's negative emotional traits and laboratory measures for mothers with higher NE than mothers with lower NE. Findings are consistent with the possibility that mothers’ own traits influence the extent to which they successfully encode and/or report on analogous child behaviors.
The crystal structure of polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP), a leucine-rich repeat protein involved in plant defense

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant cell wall proteins that protect plants from fungal invasion. They interact with endopolygalacturonases secreted by phytopathogenic fungi, inhibit their enzymatic activity, and favor the accumulation of oligogalacturonides, which activate plant defense responses. PGIPs are members of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein family that in plants play crucial roles in development, defense against pathogens, and recognition of beneficial microbes. Here we report the crystal structure at 1.7-Å resolution of a PGIP from Phaseolus vulgaris. The structure is characterized by the presence of two β-sheets instead of the single one originally predicted by modeling studies. The structure also reveals a negatively charged surface on the LRR concave face, likely involved in binding polygalacturonases. The structural information on PGIP provides a basis for designing more efficient inhibitors for plant protection.
Monitoring fishing effort of a data-limited artisanal fishery. The case of common octopus small-scale fleet operating in the Galician coast (southeastern Atlantic shelf)

Small-Scale Fisheries (SSFs) are large contributors to global catches, and of relevance for local economies and society. However, due to their intrinsic characteristics and a paucity of appropriate information, accurate assessment of fishing effort performed by SSFs is often problematic. This work presents a detailed analysis of effort and yield for a specialized artisanal trap fleet targeting common octopus along the Galician coast (NW Spain) during 1999−2013. Information was compiled from official reported statistics and compared with data gathered by on board observers. A total of 1283 vessels had permission in 2015 to deploy creels, however, effective license usage is considerably lower and has steadily decreased since 2005-06 fishing season. The fraction of the fleet sampled by the observers were characterized by an average size of 6.1±3.6 GRT and had 1 to 6 fishermen deploying 66.7±34.5 creels per haul. The fishery yielded 0.8±1 kg per 50 deployed creels per hour at an average depth of 24.9±19.7 m and after an average displacement of 4.1±2.9 nm. Operation depth and distance to fishing locations showed spatio-temporal variability and depended on vessel size. On average, depth increased by 0.7% per year, whereas distance decreased by 1.1% per year.
In Vivo Evaluation of Bulk Metallic Glasses for Osteosynthesis Devices

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) show higher strength and lower Young’s modulus than Ti-6Al-4V alloy and SUS 316L stainless steel. This study aimed to perform in vivo evaluations of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17. 5 BMGs for osteosynthesis devices. In the study for intramedullary implants, osteotomies of the femoral bones were performed in male Wistar rats and were stabilized with Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17. 5 BMGs, Ti-6Al-4V alloy, or 316L stainless steel intramedullary nails for 12 weeks. In the study for bone surface implants, Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17. 5 BMGs ribbons were implanted on the femur surface for 6 weeks. Local effects on the surrounding soft tissues of the implanted BMGs were assessed by histological observation. Implanted materials’ surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). In the study for intramedullary implants, bone healing after osteotomy was assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and mechanical tests. Histological observation showed no findings of the biological effects. SEM-EDS showed no noticeable change on the surface of BMGs, while Ca and P deposition was seen on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface, and irregularities were seen on the 316L stainless steel surface. Mechanical test and peripheral QCT showed that, although there was no significant difference, bone healing of BMGs was more than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results indicated that Zr-based BMGs can lead to bone healing equal to or greater than Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Zr-based BMGs exhibited the advantage of less bone bonding and easier implant removal compared with Ti-6Al-4V alloy. In conclusion, Zr-based BMGs are promising for osteosynthesis devices that are eventually removed.
xpanda : A ( Simple ) Preprocessor for Adding Multi-Valued Propositions to ASP

We introduce a simple approach extending the input language of Answer Set Programming (ASP) systems by multi-valued propositions. Our approach is implemented as a (prototypical) preprocessor translating logic programs with multi-valued propositions into logic programs with Boolean propositions only. Our translation is modular and heavily benefits from the expressive input language of ASP. The resulting approach, along with its implementation, allows for solving interesting constraint satisfaction problems in ASP, showing a good performance.
Patterns of Changes to Woody Vegetation near Resettlement Sites in Semi-Arid Northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract: Communal rangelands provide diverse ecosystem services to millions of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists. Resettling destitute communities into hitherto uninhabited communal rangelands and forests, a common practice throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, is a threat to the sustainable use of range and forest land resources. In order to understand the effect of resettlement on a semi-arid woodland in northwestern Ethiopia, satellite imagery of 23 resettlement villages taken over a period of fourteen years, and woody vegetation floristic data for three old resettlements, three new resettlements, two refugee camps and one protected area were analyzed using ANOVA and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) and canopy cover around all village types decreased with disturbance gradients, while the magnitude of change varied according to the type of settlement. Limited canopy cover was observed in refugee camps and new resettlements, compared to old resettlements and protected areas. Woody vegetation height class showed a J shaped distribution in all sites except refugee camps (RC), indicating a decline in vegetation. CCA showed that variables like site type, altitude and disturbance gradient significantly affected the diversity of woody species at the different sites. Comparison of individual species responses to disturbances indicated that low fodder value invaders like Dichrostachys cinerea, and many Acacia species were increasing in proportion and coverage at the expense of some multipurpose species including Tamarindus indica, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Pterocarpus lucens. In the absence of regulated vegetation use, resettlements result in a decline in overall vegetation cover and a shift in floristic diversity in favor of invasive species.
Imaging caffeine-induced Ca2+transients in individual fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat skeletal muscle fibers.

Fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat skeletal muscles produce dissimilar contractures with caffeine. We used digital imaging microscopy to monitor Ca2+ (with fluo 3-acetoxymethyl ester) and sarcomere motion in intact, unrestrained rat muscle fibers to study this difference. Changes in Ca2+ in individual fibers were markedly different from average responses of a population. All fibers showed discrete, nonpropagated, local Ca2+ transients occurring randomly in spots about one sarcomere apart. Caffeine increased local Ca2+ transients and sarcomere motion initially at 4 mM in soleus and 8 mM in extensor digitorum longus (EDL; ∼23°C). Ca2+release subsequently adapted or inactivated; this was surmounted by higher doses. Motion also adapted but was not surmounted. Prolonged exposure to caffeine evidently suppressed myofilament interaction in both types of fiber. In EDL fibers, 16 mM caffeine moderately increased local Ca2+ transients. In soleus fibers, 16 mM caffeine greatly increased Ca2+ release and produced propagated waves of Ca2+(∼1.5-2.5 μm/s). Ca2+waves in slow-twitch fibers reflect the caffeine-sensitive mechanism of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. Fast-twitch fibers possibly lack this mechanism, which could account for their lower sensitivity to caffeine.
Low plasma levels of miR-101 are associated with tumor progression in gastric cancer

Background Several studies have identified the decreased expression of the tumor suppressor miR-101 in various cancers. In this study, we tested miR-101 as a potential therapeutic target and novel plasma biomarker for gastric cancer (GC). Results The miR-101 expression level was significantly lower in GC tissues (P = 0.0038) and GC cell lines (P = 0.0238) than in normal gastric mucosa. Both exosomal and plasma miR-101 were significantly downregulated in GC patients compared with healthy volunteers (P = 0.0281 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Low miR-101 plasma level was significantly associated with advanced T factor, advanced disease stage, and peritoneal metastasis and predicted poor prognosis in GC patients (P = 0.0368; hazard ratio, 3.079; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–11.08). Overexpression of miR-101 in GC cells induced apoptosis by inhibiting MCL1 and suppressed cell migration and invasion by regulating ZEB1. Conclusions Depletion of the tumor suppressor miRNA-101 in plasma is related to tumor progression and poor outcomes. Low plasma miR-101 may be a biomarker for GC, and its restoration might be a novel anticancer treatment strategy.
Chronic Hepatitis B: Management Challenges in Resource-Poor Coun-tries

Sylvester Chuks Nwokediuko, Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku OzallaChronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global public health problem because of its worldwide distribution and its potential to cause sequelae. HBV is most prevalent in China, South East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Amazon basin of South America where health care resources are most limited. Numerous challenges exist for effective management of chronic HBV infection, particularly in resource-limited regions. These challenges include lack of accurate prevalence data, absence of a surveillance program, and poor political will of governments in resource-poor countries to enforce effective measures to control the disease. There is a lack of understanding regarding HBV infec-tion by both the general public and health care providers. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition is necessary. The acute shortage of trained medical manpower necessary for accurate diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepati-tis B (CHB) in resource-poor countries is a formidable challenge. The condition is com-plicated by the continuing efflux of medical graduates from low-income economies to richer countries. The most critical problem in the management of CHB is the high cost of laboratory tests and drugs. Drugs are also not readily available. Other challenges in the manage-ment of CHB include stigmatization of patients, co-infection with other viruses, lack of management guidelines, and absence of an effective patient referral system. To address these challenges, governments of resource-poor nations must be committed to budg-etary allocation for the implementation of health programs. It is necessary to provide awareness campaigns, health education, proper screening of blood and blood products for transfusion, active screening, intensification of existing childhood immunization, technical and financial assistance from wealthier nations, and implementation of the recommendations outlined in the Global Hepatitis Policy (2010).
Open string states around a classical solution in vacuum string field theory

We construct a classical solution of vacuum string field theory (VSFT) and study whether it represents the perturbative open string vacuum. Our solution is given as a squeezed state in the Siegel gauge, and it fixes the arbitrary coefficients in the BRST operator in VSFT. We identify the tachyon and massless vector states as fluctuation modes around the classical solution. The tachyon mass squared α'mt2 is given in a closed form using the Neumann coefficients defining the three-string vertex, and it reproduces numerically the expected value of -1 to high precision. The ratio of the potential height of the solution to the D25-brane tension is also given in terms of the Neumann coefficients. However, the behavior of the potential height in level truncation does not match our expectation, though there are subtle points in the analysis.