Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weakly Supervised Learning for Attribute Localization in Outdoor Scenes

In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised method for simultaneously learning scene parts and attributes from a collection of images associated with attributes in text, where the precise localization of the each attribute left unknown. Our method includes three aspects. (i) Compositional scene configuration. We learn the spatial layouts of the scene by Hierarchical Space Tiling (HST) representation, which can generate an excessive number of scene configurations through the hierarchical composition of a relatively small number of parts. (ii) Attribute association. The scene attributes contain nouns and adjectives corresponding to the objects and their appearance descriptions respectively. We assign the nouns to the nodes (parts) in HST using nonmaximum suppression of their correlation, then train an appearance model for each noun+adjective attribute pair. (iii) Joint inference and learning. For an image, we compute the most probable parse tree with the attributes as an instantiation of the HST by dynamic programming. Then update the HST and attribute association based on the inferred parse trees. We evaluate the proposed method by (i) showing the improvement of attribute recognition accuracy, and (ii) comparing the average precision of localizing attributes to the scene parts.
Evaluation of Maxillary Molars Roots Relation to Maxillary Sinus Floor by using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

The maxillary sinus (antrum of Highmore) is the first of the paranasal sinuses to develop. These structures are usually fluidfilled at birth. The growth of these sinuses is biphasic with growth during years 0-3 and 7-12. During the later phase pneumatization spreads more inferiorly as the permanent teeth take their place. Pneumatization can be so extensive as to expose tooth roots with only a thin layer of soft tissue covering those. This study aimed to evaluate the relation of maxillary molars roots to maxillary sinus floor.For the right maxillary first molar and second molar and for the left maxillary first molar, the most common type was (type 3), and the least one was (type 1),for the left maxillary second molar, the most common type was (type 2), and the least one was (type1).
Comparison of gene-expression profiles in parallel bone marrow and peripheral blood samples in acute myeloid leukaemia by real-time polymerase chain reaction

Background: Gene signatures (Indicator genes) in bone marrow that provide more precise prognostication in haematological malignancy have been identified by microarray expression studies. It would be beneficial to measure these diagnostic signatures in peripheral blood. Aims: To determine the degree of correspondence of gene expression for a set of Indicator genes between bone marrow and peripheral blood in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Methods: Parallel bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 19 patients diagnosed with AML and mononuclear cells isolated from both sample types. mRNA was globally amplified by polyadenylated real-time polymerase chain reaction (polyA RT-PCR); the expression of 15 AML Indicator genes, identified from previous microarray studies, was measured by RT-PCR. All values were normalised to the mean expression of three housekeeping genes (IF2-β, GAP and RbS9) and were statistically compared using SPSS software. Results: No significant difference in expression between bone marrow and peripheral blood was observed for 10 of the genes (leptin receptor, CD33, adipsin, proteoglycan 1, MB-1, cyclin D3, hSNF2b, proteasome iota, HkrT-1 and E2A), indicating its possible use in monitoring disease activity in peripheral blood samples, whereas c-myb, HOXA9, LYN, cystatin c and LTC4s showed significantly different expression between bone marrow and peripheral blood samples. Conclusion: These results indicate a possible use for the method in monitoring AML in peripheral blood by RT-PCR measurement of Indicator genes. In addition, the initial use of polyA PCR facilitates translation to very small clinical samples, including fractionated cell populations, of particular importance for monitoring haematological malignancy.
Performance of internal covariance estimators for cosmic shear correlation functions

Data re-sampling methods such as delete-one jackknife, bootstrap or the sub-sample covariance are common tools for estimating the covariance of large-scale structure probes. We investigate different implementations of these methods in the context of cosmic shear two-point statistics. Using lognormal simulations of the convergence field and the corresponding shear field we generate mock catalogues of a known and realistic covariance. For a survey of ∼5000deg^2 we find that jackknife, if implemented by deleting sub-volumes of galaxies, provides the most reliable covariance estimates. Bootstrap, in the common implementation of drawing sub-volumes of galaxies, strongly overestimates the statistical uncertainties. In a forecast for the complete 5-yr Dark Energy Survey, we show that internally estimated covariance matrices can provide a large fraction of the true uncertainties on cosmological parameters in a 2D cosmic shear analysis. The volume inside contours of constant likelihood in the Ω_m–σ_8 plane as measured with internally estimated covariance matrices is on average ≳85 per cent of the volume derived from the true covariance matrix. The uncertainty on the parameter combination Σ_8∼σ_8Ω^(0.5)_m derived from internally estimated covariances is ∼90 per cent of the true uncertainty.
Meta-heuristics for surgical scheduling problem with hospitalization

In this work, we deal with surgical scheduling problem including the hospitalization stage before and after surgery in addition to pre-surgery, surgery and post-surgery stages. The problem is considered as a four stages hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with recirculation, resource synchronization, and no wait/ blocking constraints. It consists of assigning surgery patients to different resources and determining their sequencing over a one day period, while taking into account different temporal and resources constraints. The objective is to minimize the patients’ average length of stay (LOS) in the hospital. To deal with this problem, we provided two meta-heuristics; Iterated Local Search (ILS) and hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA).
Iterative Filtering as an Alternative Algorithm for Empirical Mode Decomposition

The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was a method pioneered by (N. Huang et al., The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear nonstationary time series analysis, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A454 (1998) 903–995) as an alternative technique to the traditional Fourier and wavelet techniques for studying signals. It decomposes a signal into several components called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which have shown to admit better behaved instantaneous frequencies via Hilbert transforms. In this paper, we propose an alternative algorithm for EMD based on iterating certain filters, such as Toeplitz filters. This approach yields similar results as the more traditional sifting algorithm for EMD. In many cases the convergence can be rigorously proved.
Novel variants of the SHANK3 gene in Japanese autistic patients with severe delayed speech development

The 22q13.3 deletion syndrome is characterized by a significant delay in language development, mental retardation, hypotonia, and autistic features. Cumulative evidence has shown that haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene is a major cause of the neurological symptoms of the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome. Shank3, a multidomain protein containing the SH3 and PDZ domains, is thought to play an important role in the formation and function of synapses in the developing brain. In this study, we analyzed the SHANK3 gene in 128 autistic patients with manifestations similar to those seen in the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome. The results showed a 6-amino acid deletion upstream of the SH3 domain, a missense variant (arginine to histidine at amino acid position 656) in the PDZ domain, and the insertion or deletion of a repeated 10-bp GC sequence located 9-bp downstream from the 3′ end of exon 11. None of these variants was found in 228 controls.
Utilization as a dependent variable in MIS research

Utilization of an information system is an important and frequently measured is the conduit through which informationtechnology can affect performance. This paper addresses measurement issues associated with utilization variables. The discussion is motivated by a review of the literature and an examination of four relevant reference theories. It is asserted that utilization can be measured effectively if the measures chosen correspond to the measures suggested by an appropriate reference theory.
Animal Models as Tools to Investigate Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Plants

Plants have been historically used for diabetes treatment and related anti-inflammatory activity throughout the world; few of them have been validated by scientific criteria. Recently, a large diversity of animal models has been developed for better understanding the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its underlying inflammatory mechanism and new drugs have been introduced in the market to treat this disease. The aim of this work is to review the available animal models of diabetes and anti-inflammatory activity along with some in vitro models which have been used as tools to investigate the mechanism of action of drugs with potential antidiabetic properties and related anti-inflammatory mechanism. At present, the rigorous procedures for evaluation of conventional antidiabetic medicines have rarely been applied to test raw plant materials used as traditional treatments for diabetes; and natural products, mainly derived from plants, have been tested in chemically induced diabetes model. This paper contributes to design new strategies for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs and its related inflammatory activity in order to treat this serious condition which represents a global public health problem.
Clustering using Color representation of emotional Words

Most of the previous research on document clustering concentrated on similarity of topics discussed in documents, using the frequency of occurrence of content words. On the other hand, our document clustering method focuses on similarity of authors' perspectives or opinions that were expressed in texts. This kind of methods has not been thoroughly investigated, however, we consider that it is one of the indispensable factors for actively utilizing documents such as Web documents. In our proposed method document representation was prepared by identifying emotional expressions in texts using a predefined dictionary, and assigning a color associated by each of the expressions. The proposed method performs document clustering using the color expression of emotional words. Keyword Document Clustering, Information Extraction, Emotion Extraction, Opinion Information
Fast image-based object localization in natural scenes

In many robot applications, autonomous robots must be capable of localizing the objects they are to manipulate. In this paper we address the object localization problem by fitting a parametric curve model to the object contour in the image. The initial prior of the object pose is iteratively refined to the posterior distribution by optimizing the separation of the object and background. The local separation criteria are based on local statistics which are iteratively computed from the object and background region. No prior knowledge on color distributions is needed. Experiments show that the method is capable of localizing objects in a cluttered and textured scene even under strong variations of illumination. The method is able to localize a soccer ball within frame rate.
Optic disc localization using local vessel based features and support vector machine

Optic disc is one of the fundamental regions located in the internal retina that helps ophthalmologists in analysis and early diagnosis of many retinal diseases such as optic atrophy, optic neuritis, papilledema, ischemic optic neuropathy, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. An accurate and early diagnosis requires an accurate optic disc examination. Presence of different retinal abnormalities and non-uniform illumination make optic disc localization a challenging task. There is a need to detect and localize optic disc from fundus images with high accuracy to make the diagnosis using Computer Aided Systems developed for ophthalmic disease diagnosis more reliable. Proposed algorithm provides a novel optic disc localization and segmentation technique that detects multiple candidate optic disc regions from fundus image using enhancement and segmentation. The proposed system then extracts a hybrid feature set for each candidate region consisting of vessel based and intensity based features which are finally fed to SVM classifier. Final decision of Optic disc region is done after computing Manhattan distance from the mean of training data feature matrix. The evaluation of proposed system has been done on publicly available datasets and one local dataset and results shows the validity of proposed system.
IS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR GROwrH A PRECON- DITION FOR ECONOMIC GROwrH? THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA

In this papera simplegrowtlt modelis adaptedto explaill the effect of the agricultural sectors' growth on the non-agricultural sector. Theempirical results suggest that for a 1% growth in the agricultural sector, tlte non-agricultural sector respondsby more than 1%. TIle results also confirm that productivity difference exists, the non-agricultural sector being more efficient in terms of input use. The empirical results supports the argument of President T. Mbeki, that South Africa shouldfollow an "agricultural-led" growth strategy for successful development.
Minimal force‐frequency modulation of inotropy and relaxation of in situ murine heart

1 The normal influence of heart rate (HR) on cardiac contraction and relaxation in the mouse remains uncertain despite its importance in interpreting many genetically engineered models. Prior in vivo data have repeatedly shown positive effects only at subphysiological heart rates, yet depressed basal conditions and use of load‐dependent parameters probably have an impact on these results. 2 Open‐chest mice of various strains (n = 16, etomidate/urethane anaesthesia) were instrumented with a miniaturized pressure‐volume catheter employing absolute left ventricular (LV) volume calibration. HR was slowed (< 400 beats min−1) using ULFS‐49, and atrial or ventricular pacing was achieved via an intra‐oesophageal catheter. Pressure‐volume data yielded cardiac‐specific contractile indexes minimally altered by vascular load. 3 At a resting HR of 600 beats min−1, peak pressure‐rise rate (dP/dtmax) was 16 871 ± 2941 mmHg s−1 (mean ±s.d.) and the relaxation time constant was 3.9 ± 0.8 ms, similar to values in conscious animals. Within the broad physiological range (500‐850 beats min−1), load‐insensitive contractile indexes and relaxation rate varied minimally, whereas dP/dtmax peaked at 600 ± 25 beats min−1 and decreased at higher rates due to preload sensitivity. Contraction and relaxation were enhanced modestly (13‐15 %) at HRs of between 400 and 500 beats min−1. 4 The minimal force‐frequency dependence was explained by rapid calcium cycling kinetics, with a mechanical restitution time constant of 9 ± 2.7 ms, and by dominant sarcoplasmic reticular buffering (recirculation fraction of 93 ± 1 %). 5 The mouse normally has a very limited force‐frequency reserve at physiological HRs, unlike larger mammals and man. This is important to consider when studying disease evolution and survival of genetic models that alter calcium homeostasis and SR function.
An EZH 2 polymorphism is associated with clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients

An EZH2 polymorphism is associated with clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients F. Crea*, L. Fornaro, E. Paolicchi, G. Masi, P. Frumento, F. Loupakis, L. Salvatore, C. Cremolini, M. Schirripa, F. Graziano, M. Ronzoni, V. Ricci, W. L. Farrar, A. Falcone & R. Danesi Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Salvatore, Pesaro; Division of Medical Oncology, S. Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy; Cancer Stem Cell Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Institute of Cancer-Frederick, Frederick, USA
Targeting Galectin-1 in pancreatic cancer: immune surveillance on guard

The tumor microenviroment and immune barrier are known to modulate malignant disease progression. We have recently identified Galectin-1 as a key player in a novel stromal regulatory reaction driving immune evasion in pancreatic tumors in vivo. These results suggest that Galectin-1 inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy for one of the most deadly types of cancer.
Parsing pregroup grammars in polynomial time

We consider polynomial time recognition algorithm and parsing procedures for pregroup grammars. In particular, we present a cubic parsing algorithm for ambiguous pregroup grammars. It modifies the recognition algorithm of Savateev [13] for categorial grammars based on L∖. We present a Java application that uses the algorithm for parsing natural language sentences. We apply metarules to keep the lexicon reasonably small.
Posterior hypothalamic activation in paroxysmal hemicrania

Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is a severe, strictly unilateral headache that lasts 2 to 30 minutes, occurs more than five times daily, is associated with trigeminal autonomic symptoms, and is exquisitely responsive to indomethacin. The purpose of the study was to determine the brain structures active in PH.
Interference Suppression in Non-coherent Time-Hopping IR-UWB Ranging

Ranging requires detection of the first arriving signal component. The accuracy of time-of-arrival-based range estimation is greatly degraded in the presence of multi-user interference (MUI). We develop a method that applies a nonlinear filter on received signal energy to suppress multiuser interference. Then, leading signal path is tracked via an iterative searchback algorithm. The method is tested on time-hopping impulse radio ultrawideband systems. Simulations conducted over IEEE 802.15. 4a residential line of sight ultrawideband multipath channels indicate that range detection accuracy is significantly improved by the proposed non-linear filtering approach
Application of the differential geometric feedback linearization to the speed control of forging machine

The differential geometry method is proposed to solve the high-accuracy speed control problem of forging machine. Considering the pipe's effect the model is built as a 6-degree affine nonlinear equation which is equivalent to a linear model through differential geometric feedback linearization. For this equivalent linear model the good performance of speed is gained through a pole assignment method. The simulation shows this method is effective.
Practical Guidance for Measuring Handwashing Behavior

The Water and Sanitation Program is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services. thanks go to them for their constant interest in this topic and their intellectual generosity. Global Scaling Up Handwashing is a Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) project focused on learning how to apply innovative promotional approaches to behavior change to generate widespread and sustained improvements in handwashing with soap at scale among women of reproductive age (ages 15–49) and primary school-aged children (ages 5–9). The project is being implemented by local and national governments with technical support from WSP. For more information, please visit www.wsp. org/scalinguphandwashing. This Working Paper is one in a series of knowledge products designed to showcase project findings, assessments, and lessons learned in the Global Scaling Up Handwashing Project. This paper is conceived as a work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. For more information please email Pavani Ram at wsp@worldbank.org or visit our website at www.wsp. org. WSP is a multi-donor partnership created in 1978 and administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services. States, and the World Bank. WSP reports are published to communicate the results of WSP's work to the development community. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. iii Executive Summary Accurate measures of handwashing behavior are critical to understanding households' health environment. But it can be challenging to measure handwashing reliably. This document discusses a set of handwashing indicators and recommendations that was prepared to support the Water and Sanitation Program's six-country scaling-up of handwash-ing promotion and community-led total sanitation. Descriptions of these measures, and the recommendations for their use (Table 1), should be of interest to a broad audience. The following handwashing measures are assessed based on their validity, reliability, and efficiency: Self-reports are the easiest way to measure handwashing. But they are invalid as measures of handwashing behavior because individuals often report better handwashing behavior than they display during observation. This exaggeration of true behavior may result from a perceived high social desirability of handwashing. However, self-reports remain …
[Complete isosexual precocious puberty: clinical, pelvic ultrasound and laboratory features].

OBJECTIVE To determine whether initial presentation varies according to aetiology, whether such differences allow differential diagnosis between idiopathic and organic forms, and whether CNS imaging can be avoided in some patients with central precocious puberty (CPP). PATIENTS AND METHODS Children referred for evaluation of precocious puberty were evaluated, and the subpopulation of children with CPP was enrolled in this prospective observational study. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasound features of 62 consecutive patients with CPP (5 boys and 57 girls) were recorded. We compared the characteristics of idiopathic (3 boys, 49 girls) and organic (2 boys, 8 girls) CPP. RESULTS There were no differences in pubertal staging, age at puberty onset (7.0 [5.8-7.5] vs. 7.3 [5.1-8.3] years), bone age/chronological age ratio (1.26 [1.2-1.3] vs. 1.23 [1.1-1.3]), maternal menarche (11.7+/-0.2 vs. 11.7+/-0.6 years) between idiopathic and organic CPP, respectively. Organic CPP patients had a poorer height SD (0.35+/-0.4 vs. 1.6+/-0.1; p<0.01), predicted adult height, growth rate and growth rate SD (0.8+/-0.9 vs. 3.7+/-0.7). Girls with organic CPP had significantly higher oestradiol levels (47.5 [25-68] vs. 27 [14-43] pg/ml) than girls with idiopathic CPP. Pelvic ultrasound at the time of diagnosis revealed the presence of pubertal changes in internal genitalia in 43.9% of girls (37.2% idiopathic versus 62.5% organic CPP subpopulation; p=0.18). CONCLUSIONS There is a clinical-ultrasound overlap between idiopathic and organic CPP. Imaging remains necessary in all cases of central precocious puberty, and ultrasound data should not be replaced by other diagnostic investigations.