Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Efficacy of low intensity laser irradiation and sodium nedocromil in the complex treatment of patients with bronchial asthma].

AIM To study efficiency of low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) and sodium nedokromil (tailed) in combined treatment of bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIAL AND METHODS The choice of the treatment depended on the activity of bronchial inflammation and the presence of contraindications. Laser was used on the skin in the area of the lung and great vessels projection, endobronchially. Tailed was given in inhalations and irrigations of the tracheobronchial tree during therapeutic fibrobronchoscopy. These methods were used in combined treatment of 220 BA patients. RESULTS Combined use of LILR and tailed proved highly effective and safe in BA. Cytological markers of cell reactions of the bronchopulmonary system on the action of LILR were revealed. CONCLUSION Availability, good reproducability, cost-effect efficacy and safety make LILR one of the most beneficial nonpharmacological treatments for bronchial asthma.
p 53-Dependent and independent expression of p 21 during cell growth , differentiation , and DNA damage

Expression of p21 has been shown to be up-regulated by the p53 tumor suppressor gene in vitro in response to DNA-damaging agents. However, p21 expression can be regulated independently of p53, and here we show that expression of p21 in various tissues during development and in the adult mouse occurs in the absence of p53 function. However, most tissues tested did require p53 for p21 induction following exposure of the whole animal to ~/irradiation. These results show that normal tissue expression of p21 to high levels is not dependent on p53 and confirm that induction of p21 by DNA-damaging agents does require p53. p21 is expressed upon differentiation of p53-deficient murine erythroleukemia (MEL1 cells, and the kinetics of induction of p21 in this system suggest that it may be involved in the growth arrest that precedes terminal differentiation. The gene is up-regulated in mouse fibroblasts in response to serum restimulation but the kinetics and levels of induction differ between wild-type and mutant cells. Expression of p21 message following serum restimulation is superinducible by cycloheximide in wild-type but not in p53-deficient cells. The increases in p21 mRNA are reflected in changes in p21 protein levels, p21 expression also appears to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level because moderate increases in mRNA expression, during differentiation of MEL cells and upon serum restimulation of fibroblasts, are followed by large increases in protein levels. Regulation of the mouse p21 promoter by p53 depends on two critical p53-binding sites located 1.95 and 2.85 kb upstream from the transcriptional initiation site. The sequences mediating serum responsiveness of the promoter map to a region containing the proximal p53 site. p53 appears to play a critical role in p21 induction following DNA damage. Moreover, p21 can be regulated independently of p53 in several situations including during normal tissue development, following serum stimulation, and during cellular differentiation.
Accelerated Neutrophil Apoptosis in Mice Lacking A1-a, a Subtype of the bcl-2–related A1 Gene

To elucidate the role of A1, a new member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators active in hematopoietic cell apoptosis, we established mice lacking A1-a, a subtype of the A1 gene in mice (A1-a−/− mice). Spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils of A1-a−/− mice was enhanced compared with that of either wild-type mice or heterozygous mutants (A1-a+/− mice). Neutrophil apoptosis inhibition induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro or transendothelial migration in vivo observed in wild-type mice was abolished in both A1-a−/− and A1-a+/− animals. On the other hand, the extent of tumor necrosis factor α–induced acceleration of neutrophil apoptosis did not differ among A1-a−/−, A1-a+/−, and wild-type mice. The descending order of A1 mRNA expression was wild-type, A1-a+/−, and A1-a−/−. Taken together, these results suggest that A1 is involved in inhibition of certain types of neutrophil apoptosis.
Interference masking for secure wireless broadcast communications

Physical layer security has been recognised as a promising technique to realise secure wireless communications. A novel interference masking approach is proposed for secure broadcast scenarios. Specifically, when there is an external jamming node, precoding matrices at the source and jammer are carefully designed to ensure that each destination can detect only its own message, and not the information intended for other destinations which is masked with artificial noise. When there is no external jamming node, interference masking is implemented through user cooperation, in which destinations switch roles from jammer to relay nodes during different time slots. Both analytical and numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approaches.
Simultaneous Electroencephalography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of General Anesthesia

It has been long appreciated that anesthetic drugs induce stereotyped changes in electroencephalogram (EEG), but the relationships between the EEG and underlying brain function remain poorly understood. Functional imaging methods including positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have become important tools for studying how anesthetic drugs act in the human brain to induce the state of general anesthesia. To date, no investigation has combined functional MRI with EEG to study general anesthesia. We report here a paradigm for conducting combined fMRI and EEG studies of human subjects under general anesthesia. We discuss the several technical and safety problems that must be solved to undertake this type of multimodal functional imaging and show combined recordings from a human subject. Combined fMRI and EEG exploits simultaneously the high spatial resolution of fMRI and the high temporal resolution of EEG. In addition, combined fMRI and EEG offers a direct way to relate established EEG patterns induced by general anesthesia to changes in neural activity in specific brain regions as measured by changes in fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals.
The personal space station: Bringing interaction within reach

Near-field virtual reality allows users to interact with virtual objects within arm’s reach of the user. Environments for near-field VR are well suited for direct precise interaction by taking advantage of the user’s hand-eye co-ordination. We discuss the design and initial experience of a near-field virtual environment, the Personal Space Station (PSS). In this system, all interactive 3D tasks are realized directly with the hands or by using task specific graspable input devices. The primary motivations for building the system are to provide an environment that can be used under normal office working conditions, that allows for direct natural interaction, and that is low cost. The PSS consists of a mirror in which stereoscopic images are reflected. The user reaches under the mirror to interact with the virtual world. The principle differences between the PSS and other near-field systems are that interaction is based on optical tracking, the system is configurable to adapt to various application requirements, and the PSS is a low-cost, complete desktop VR system. Two cameras are used to track the space in which the interaction takes place. Robust and low latency optical tracking paves the way for versatile and graspable 3D interfaces supporting direct interaction.
Scriptless Connection of Sensor Data Processing Components in Network Middleware for Home Environment

This paper describes network middleware for distributed sensors in the home environment. The feature of the middleware is automatic connection of sensor data processing components without a fixed script. The connections of components are not directly fixed but determined based on existing components in the middleware when the components are deployed. The individual component reconnects to the target components with a condition that represents abstract sensor properties related to the target components, when the configuration of components changes. The target components are discovered with not only sensor properties but also spatial properties of sensor-attached objects such as positions and volumes. Automatic connection based on sensor properties realizes adaptability of the component to many heterogeneous sensors and sensor layouts in the home environment. Reconfiguration in the middleware was successfully shown in experiments of a monitoring application for an occupant in our experimental environment (Sensing Room).
Active learning for person re-identification

Person re-identification is defined as to find the same person who re-occurred in a multi-camera surveillance system. Existing machine learning approaches focus on extracting or learning discriminative features followed by template matching using a distance measure. However, labeling images for a training set is a time consuming task. In this paper, the person re-identification is considered as a binary classification problem. The active learning framework with SVM is applied to person re-identification problem in this paper. Rather than learning from all the training samples, the proposed method selects the most valuable sample according to the current knowledge of the classifier. Experimental results show that our proposed method not only can reduce the number of sample labeling but also achieve a higher accuracy with using less training samples.
An Analysis of Error Behaviour in a Large Storage System

This paper analyzes the error behavior of a 3.2TB disk storage system. We report reliability data for 18 months of the prototype''s operation, and analyze 6 months of error logs from nodes in the prototype. We found that the disks drives were among the most reliable components in the system. We were also able to divide errors into eleven categories, comprising disk errors, network errors and SCSI errors that appeared repeatedly across all nodes. We also gained insight into the types of error messages reported by devices in various conditions, and the effects of these events on the operating system. We also present data from four cases of disk drive failures. These results and insights should be useful to any designer of a fault tolerant storage system.
The Effects of the Laboratory on College Students' Understanding of Evolution: Implications for Conceptual Change.

x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Research Questions.4 Primary research questions . 4 Secondary research question . 5 Definitions Used in This S tudy. 5 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 8 The Role of the Laboratory . 8 Research on the Science Laboratory. 10 National Reform o f the Science Curriculum . 11 Reform Initiatives, Scientific Literacy, and Evolution. 12 Conceptual Change Theory . 15 Conceptual Change Research in Evolution Education. 16 Students’ Understandings of Evolution . 22 A daptation. 24 Teleology. 25 Multiple levels o f causality . 26 Selection . 27 Factors Affecting Understanding o f Evolution.27 Nature o f S c ien ce . 29 Worldview Research and Student Belief S ystem s. 31 Summary of the Literature Review.36 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND RESEARCH M ETH O D S.38 Chapter O verview . 38 Section O n e . 38 Sampling procedure. 38 Description o f the pilot study . 39 Development o f the su rv e y . 40 Permission for study . 43 Validity and reliability.44 Section Two . 47 The description o f the main s tu d y . 47 v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The study design and the research procedures . 54 Observations . 60 Observation notes . 60 Field journal.61 Section Three . 62 Data analysis . 62 Time frame . 64 CHAPTER 4: QUANTITATIVE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 66 Chapter Overview. 66 Whole class conceptual change . 66 Summary of conceptual change pathways. 75 The final examination and isolated exam items . 78 The rest of the conceptual framework . 81 The nature of science. 82 Summary of whole class conceptual change. 84 CHAPTER 5: INTERVIEW RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS.86 Chapter Overview . 86 Lecture-only Participants’ Conceptual Change . 87 Ian atheistic, scientific realist . 87 Conceptual change at the end o f the sem ester.93 Adrian theistic evolutionist and scientific realist . 96 Conceptual change at the end o f sem ester.107 Patricia creationist and scientific relativist and sk ep tic 110 Conceptual change at the end o f the sem ester. 120 Lecture-Laboratory Participants’ Conceptual C hange. 122 Martin scientific realist and atheistic evolutionist.122 Conceptual change at the end o f the sem ester. 130 Mary creationist and scientific relativist.132 Conceptual change at the semester’s end . 143 Juan gradual creationist and scientific re a lis t. 146 Conceptual change at the semester’s end . 155 Rhonda atheistic evolutionist and scientific rea lis t.156 Conceptual change at semester e n d . 164 Brianna quick creationist and scientific relativist . 167 Conceptual change at the end o f the sem ester. 182 Summary of Conceptual Change for the Two Comparison Groups . 185 Summary of lecture-only group’s conceptual change at semester end . 186 Summary of lecture-lab group’s conceptual change at semester e n d . 189 Summary of participants’ conceptual inventory profiles 196
Altered complexity and correlation properties of R-R interval dynamics before the spontaneous onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND Trigger mechanisms for the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients without structural heart disease are not well established. New analysis methods of heart rate (HR) variability based on nonlinear system theory may reveal features and abnormalities in R-R interval behavior that are not detectable by traditional analysis methods. The purpose of this study was to reveal possible alterations in the dynamics of R-R intervals before the spontaneous onset of paroxysmal AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Traditional time and frequency domain HR variability indices, along with the short-term scaling exponent alpha(1) and approximate entropy (ApEn), were analyzed in 20-minute intervals before 92 episodes of spontaneous, paroxysmal AF in 22 patients without structural heart disease. Traditional HR variability measures showed no significant changes before the onset of AF. A progressive decrease occurred both in ApEn (1.09+/-0.26 120 to 100 minutes before AF; 0.88+/-0.24 20 to 0 minutes before AF; P<0.001) and in alpha(1) (1.01+/-0.28 120 to 100 minutes before AF, 0.89+/-0.28 20 to 0 minutes before AF; P<0.05) before the AF episodes. Both ApEn (0. 89+/-0.27 versus 1.02+/-0.30; P<0.05) and alpha(1) (0.91+/-0.28 versus 1.27+/-0.21; P<0.001) were also lower before the onset of AF compared with values obtained from matched healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in the complexity of R-R intervals and altered fractal properties in short-term R-R interval dynamics precede the spontaneous onset of AF in patients with no structural heart disease. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological correlates of these new, nonlinear HR variability measures.
Running head: GEOMETRY, WORKING MEMORY AND INTELLIGENCE

Although geometry is one of the main areas of mathematical learning, the cognitive processes underlying geometry-related academic achievement have not been studied in detail. This study explored the relationship between working memory (WM), intelligence (g-factor) and geometry in 176 typically-developing children attending school in their 4 th and 5 th grades. Structural equation modeling showed that about 40% of the variance in academic achievement and in intuitive geometry (which is assumed to be independent of a person’s cultural background) were explained by WM and the g-factor. After taking intelligence and WM into account, intuitive geometry was no longer significantly related to academic achievement in geometry. We also found intuitive geometry closely related to fluid intelligence (as measured by Raven) and reasoning ability, while academic achievement in geometry depended largely on WM. These results were confirmed by a series of regressions in which we estimated the contributions of WM, intelligence and intuitive geometry to the unique and shared variance explaining academic achievement in geometry. Theoretical and educational implications of the relationship between WM, intelligence and academic achievement in geometry are discussed.
The Women's War: New Zealand Women 1939–45

This work argues that in spite of the dramatic wartime changes in women's lives World War II did not mark a radical shift in gender roles and after its end old patterns were soon restored. Wartime workers and their soldier sweethearts soon reappeared as home-making mums and bread-winning dads. This is an examination of the impact of war on the private and public lives of New Zealand women. It considers paid and unpaid work and the domestic roles of women as mothers, wives and lovers using examples from real lives. Deborah Montgomerie's main argument is that despite the changes, the war was essentially a conservative period, pointing out that understanding the continuities in gender relations is as important as cataloguing female "firsts". Her book aims to challenge accepted wisdom and offer a fresh view of a period often viewed through the blurry lens of nostalgia and anecdote.
Androgens, brain, and behavior.

OBJECTIVES This article defines androgens (and anabolic steroids), describes their mechanisms of action, and summarizes their behavioral effects and relevance in animals and humans. METHOD A MEDLINE-derived review of the literature on androgens and behavior was performed; pivotal earlier publications were also obtained and included in the review. RESULTS In animals, the effects of androgens on brain structure and function are well-established and profound, with behavioral implications extending far beyond reproduction. Androgens play a prominent role in the organization or programming of brain circuits, which are subsequently activated by gonadal steroids. In humans, roles for androgens have been described, albeit inconsistently, in the regulation of sexuality, aggression, cognition, emotion, and personality. The relevance of androgens for psychiatry is further suggested by gender-related differences in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and in the prevalence, course, and treatment response characteristics of several psychiatric disorders. Direct psychoactive effects of exogenously administered androgens have been described for many years, most recently in reports of the psychotoxic effects of anabolic steroids. CONCLUSIONS Data from both animals and humans suggest that the biological and behavioral responses to androgens are context-dependent.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with subcutaneous metastasis of the scalp

Hepatocellular carcinoma with subcutaneous metastasis of the scalp Background. The majority of subcutaneous metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) originate from needle tracks or surgical wound contamination. Non-iatrogenic subcutaneous metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma was rarely reported. Case report. A 70-year-old man presented with a mass in his left occipital region of the scalp. The surgical complete resection was performed. The histopathology report of the scalp mass showed a characteristic metastatic HCC. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed no primary or metastatic lesion in the abdomen; that's why the adjuvant treatment was not given after the surgery. Five months later, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a 6 × 5.5 cm mass at the left posterior parietal region of the scalp. Second surgery was performed and histopathology of the specimen excised was again metastatic HCC. The external beam radiation therapy (XRT) was administered after the surgery. A follow-up MRI of the brain showed no recurrent disease after 9 months from XRT. Conclusions. HCCs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of carcinomas metastatic to the skin, even in the absence of liver symptoms.
Fixation Patterns of Chinese Participants while Identifying Facial Expressions on Chinese Faces

Two experiments in this study were designed to explore a model of Chinese fixation with four types of native facial expressions—happy, peaceful, sad, and angry. In both experiments, participants performed an emotion recognition task while their behaviors and eye movements were recorded. Experiment 1 (24 participants, 12 men) demonstrated that both eye fixations and durations were lower for the upper part of the face than for the lower part of the face for all four types of facial expression. Experiment 2 (20 participants, 6 men) repeated this finding and excluded the disturbance of fixation point. These results indicate that Chinese participants demonstrated a superiority effect for the lower part of face while interpreting facial expressions, possibly due to the influence of eastern etiquette culture.
Electrical and thermoelectrical properties of gated InAs nanowires

We have investigated the electrical and thermoelectrical properties of 30-nm-thick InAs nanowires in a temperature range between T = 200 K and T = 350 K. Devices were fabricated that allow the measurement of the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient upon the application of a gate voltage. The carrier concentration in the NWs could be varied by two orders of magnitude. The dependence of the Seebeck coefficients measured on the carrier concentration is similar to bulk InAs. A temperature-dependent mobility of IL = 1200-1400 cm 2/Vs of these unpassivated NWs could be determined from both the transistor characteristics and Seebeck coefficient measurements.
Prefrontal Control of Familiarity and Recollection in Working Memory

Left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is a critical neural substrate for the resolution of proactive interference (PI) in working memory. We hypothesized that left IFG achieves this by controlling the influence of familiarity- versus recollection-based information about memory probes. Consistent with this idea, we observed evidence for an early (200 msec)-peaking signal corresponding to memory probe familiarity and a late (500 msec)-resolving signal corresponding to full accrual of trial-related contextual (“recollection-based”) information. Next, we applied brief trains of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) time locked to these mnemonic signals, to left IFG and to a control region. Only early rTMS of left IFG produced a modulation of the false alarm rate for high-PI probes. Additionally, the magnitude of this effect was predicted by individual differences in susceptibility to PI. These results suggest that left IFG-based control may bias the influence of familiarity- and recollection-based signals on recognition decisions.