Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A false positive finding in liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis by a non-isobaric matrix component: the case of benzotriazole in urine for human biomonitoring.

RATIONALE Multi-residual methods employing liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) are attractive also for human biomonitoring (HBM). A new process is determined that can lead to false positive findings by matrix components that are not isobaric to the analyte of interest. METHODS Benzotriazole (1H-BT) was false positively detected in 87 human urine samples analyzed by ultra-high-performance-(UHP)-LC/MS/MS. The quantifier/qualifier ratio (Q/q ratio) did not match. This was further confirmed by negative results with an optimized gradient. Investigations were performed by UHPLC/high-resolution (HR)MS and model compounds to reveal the identity of the disturbing matrix compound and the way that it interfered with 1H-BT detection. RESULTS A formula of C7 H5 NO (m/z 120.0444) was found at the retention time of 1H-BT (m/z 120.0556) belonging to an in-source product ion of a heavier co-eluting compound. Product ion spectra and Q/q ratios of model compounds indicated a benzene sub-structure with a carbonyl and amine functional group in the ortho- or para-position. Finally, folic acid was confirmed as the disturbing urine component, exhibiting an in-source fragment with the nominal mass of 1H-BT and the same product ions as used in the SRM mode for UHPLC/MS/MS monitoring. CONCLUSIONS Interferences in SRM detection need not be due to co-eluting isobaric matrix compounds, but can originate from in-source fragmentation of heavier ions. Rigid quality control measures are recommended for LC/MS/MS analysis, especially for small molecules in complex sample matrices to overcome the selectivity limits of SRM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deformation Spaces for Affine Crystallographic Groups

We develop the foundations of the deformation theory of compact complete affine space forms and affine crystallographic groups. Using methods from the theory of linear algebraic groups we show that these deformation spaces inherit an algebraic structure from the space of crystallographic homomorphisms. We also study the properties of the action of the homotopy mapping class groups on deformation spaces. In our context these groups are arithmetic groups, and we construct examples of flat affine manifolds where every finite group of mapping classes admits a fixed point on the deformation space. We also show that the existence of fixed points on the deformation space is equivalent to the realisation of finite groups of homotopy equivalences by finite groups of affine diffeomorphisms. Extending ideas of Auslander we relate the deformation spaces of affine space forms with solvable fundamental group to deformation spaces of manifolds with nilpotent fundamental group. We give applications concerning the classification problem for affine space forms.
Testicular Growth During Puberty in Boys With and Without a History of Congenital Cryptorchidism.

CONTEXT The pattern of testicular growth during puberty may provide important information about early testicular damage and reproductive potential in adulthood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate pubertal testicular growth in boys with congenital cryptorchidism and controls. DESIGN Longitudinal case-control study. SETTING Andrological Research Center, University of Turku. PARTICIPANTS Altogether, 119 boys participated: 51 cases with a history of congenital cryptorchidism and 65 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Testicular volume by an orchidometer (mL) and ultrasound (mL), testicular length by a ruler (mm), and onset of pubertal testicular growth (y). Longitudinal testicular growth was analyzed with a nonlinear mixed-effect model. RESULTS The mean age of the onset of pubertal testicular growth (age at the attainment of >3 mL by orchidometer) was 11.7 and 11.8 years in cryptorchid cases and controls, respectively. The difference between cases and controls was not significant. Modeled postpubertal testicular size was smaller among bilaterally and unilaterally undescended testis than in controls. There was a high level of agreement between testicular sizes of 3 mL by orchidometer and 25 mm by ruler as cut-offs in definition of the onset of puberty. An orchidometer size of 3 mL and ruler length of 25 mm corresponded to 1.6 and 1.7 mL by ultrasound (with Lambert's formula), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Testicular growth in puberty was impaired in congenitally cryptorchid boys. This suggests a poor perinatal development of the cryptorchid testis. The timing of the onset of pubertal testicular growth, however, did not differ which suggests an intact hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
CTLA4 gene polymorphism and autoimmunity

Summary: CD28 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA4) are two receptors that have critical but opposing functions in T‐cell stimulation. CD28 promotes a number of T‐cell activities, whereas in contrast CTLA4 is an essential inhibitor of T‐cell responses. Because of its inhibitory role, CTLA4 is a strong candidate susceptibility gene in autoimmunity and several studies suggest disease‐associated polymorphisms. In this review, we discuss recent progress in relating CTLA4 polymorphisms to disease susceptibility and consider the putative mechanisms by which CTLA4 may act to inhibit autoimmunity.
Evolution mechanism of ecological compensation and its stable strategy research

Ecological compensation is by adjusting the interest of the parties to achieve the sustainable use of ecosystem services as a means or institutional arrangements. Based on the microscopic dimension, the thesis carried on researches on ecological compensation, established the asymmetric evolution game model through dividing interest groups of ecological compensation into the implementation group and the benefit group, and made the analysis of the replicator dynamics and evolutionary stable strategy of the relationship between interest groups and the stability of the evolutionary game system. The results showed that as the “report-punishment” system existed, there is the only stable equilibrium strategy (protection, compensation) between groups of evolutionary game, namely the implement group chose "protection" strategy, and benefit group chose "compensation" strategy. The implementation of group decision-making dominated system stability. The proportion of interest groups' decision choices decided whether the stable equilibrium strategy can be formed. Implementation group and benefit from the proportion of the group select the "protection" and "compensation" strategy; accelerate the formation of stable equilibrium strategy effectively.
Design and Implementation of Reusable Processor Independent IP Core for SoC Platform

Integrating millions of chips on a single die at reasonable cost is the latest demand of semiconductor industry. The System-on-Chip (SoC) is one of such aspect which is emerging in electronic era to fulfill this requirement. In order to design complex multi-million gate SoCs designers are seeking for more efficient & more reliable methodology. Hence to achieve the advent of System-on-Chip concept emphasis is made on IP (Intellectual Property) Reuse. The Design Reuse concept includes creating modular IP to be used in other design & utilizing IP from an existing design into a new design. Moreover the new idea of Processor Independence is further elaborated. This Modern technique makes reusable IP module with liberty to work through different processors with slight modifications. The Processor Independence allows designer to easily modify his design for variety of processors to achieve desired performance without worrying about rest of the system. This design can be used in variety of ASIC & FPGA based systems and can be worked for number of applications.
Modulated Oscillations in Three Dimensions

The analysis of the fully three-dimensional and time-varying polarization characteristics of a modulated trivariate, or three-component, oscillation is addressed. The use of the analytic operator enables the instantaneous three-dimensional polarization state of any square-integrable trivariate signal to be uniquely defined. Straightforward expressions are given which permit the ellipse parameters to be recovered from data. The notions of instantaneous frequency and instantaneous bandwidth, generalized to the trivariate case, are related to variations in the ellipse properties. Rates of change of the ellipse parameters are found to be intimately linked to the first few moments of the signal's spectrum, averaged over the three signal components. In particular, the trivariate instantaneous bandwidth-a measure of the instantaneous departure of the signal from a single pure sinusoidal oscillation-is found to contain five contributions: three essentially two-dimensional effects due to the motion of the ellipse within a fixed plane, and two effects due to the motion of the plane containing the ellipse. The resulting analysis method is an informative means of describing nonstationary trivariate signals, as is illustrated with an application to a seismic record.
Visualization of hand gestures for pervasive computing environments

Visualization method is proposed as an additional feature for accelerometer-based gesture control. The motivation for visualization of gesture control is justified and the challenges related to visualization are presented. The gesture control is based on Hidden Markov Models. This paper describes basic concepts of the gesture visualization and studies how well the developed visualization method can animate hand movement performed during the gesture control. The results indicate that visualization clearly provides information about the performed gesture, and it could be utilized in providing essential feedback and guidance to the user in future gesture control applications.
Airway Smooth Muscle Hypercontractility in Asthma

In recent years, asthma has been defined primarily as an inflammatory disorder with emphasis on inflammation being the principle underlying pathophysiological characteristic driving airway obstruction and remodelling. Morphological abnormalities of asthmatic airway smooth muscle (ASM), the primary structure responsible for airway obstruction seen in asthma, have long been described, but surprisingly, until recently, relatively small number of studies investigated whether asthmatic ASM was also fundamentally different in its functional properties. Evidence from recent studies done on single ASM cells and on ASM-impregnated gel cultures have shown that asthmatic ASM is intrinsically hypercontractile. Several elements of the ASM contraction apparatus in asthmatics and in animal models of asthma have been found to be different from nonasthmatics. These differences include some regulatory contractile proteins and also some components of both the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent contraction signalling pathways. Furthermore, oxidative stress was also found to be heightened in asthmatic ASM and contributes to hypercontractility. Understanding the abnormalities and mechanisms driving asthmatic ASM hypercontractility provides a great potential for the development of new targeted drugs, other than the conventional current anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator therapies, to address the desperate unmet need especially in patients with severe and persistent asthma.
ONC201 kills breast cancer cells in vitro by targeting mitochondria

We report a novel mechanism of action of ONC201 as a mitochondria-targeting drug in cancer cells. ONC201 was originally identified as a small molecule that induces transcription of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and subsequently kills cancer cells by activating TRAIL death receptors. In this study, we examined ONC201 toxicity on multiple human breast and endometrial cancer cell lines. ONC201 attenuated cell viability in all cancer cell lines tested. Unexpectedly, ONC201 toxicity was not dependent on either TRAIL receptors nor caspases. Time-lapse live cell imaging revealed that ONC201 induces cell membrane ballooning followed by rupture, distinct from the morphology of cells undergoing apoptosis. Further investigation found that ONC201 induces phosphorylation of AMP-dependent kinase and ATP loss. Cytotoxicity and ATP depletion were significantly enhanced in the absence of glucose, suggesting that ONC201 targets mitochondrial respiration. Further analysis indicated that ONC201 indirectly inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Confocal and electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that ONC201 triggers mitochondrial structural damage and functional impairment. Moreover, ONC201 decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). RNAseq analysis revealed that ONC201 suppresses expression of multiple mtDNA-encoded genes and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and other mitochondrial functions. Importantly, fumarate hydratase deficient cancer cells and multiple cancer cell lines with reduced amounts of mtDNA were resistant to ONC201. These results indicate that cells not dependent on mitochondrial respiration are ONC201-resistant. Our data demonstrate that ONC201 kills cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial function and further suggests that cancer cells that are dependent on glycolysis will be resistant to ONC201.
MOTION PLANNING FOR AN ARTICULATED BODY IN A PERFECT FLUID

Understanding fish-like locomotion as a result of internal shape changes may result in improved underwater propulsion mechanisms. We use a geometric framework to consider the simplified problem of an articulated two-dimensional body in a potential flow. This paper builds upon the current geometric theory by showing that although the group of Euclidean transformations is non-Abelian, certain tools available for Abelian groups may still be exploited, making use of the semidirect-product structure of this group. In particular, the holonomy in the rotation component may be explicitly computed as a function of the area enclosed by a path in shape space. We use this tool to develop open-loop gaits for an articulated body with two shape variables, using plots of the curvature of the mechanical connection, which relates motion in the shape space to motion of the overall body. Results from numerical computations of the mechanical connection are compared to theoretical results assuming the joints are hydrodynamically decoupled. Finally, we consider a simple method for trajectory tracking in the plane, using a one-parameter family of gaits.
Intelligent Stock Market Assistant using Temporal Data Mining

The stock market domain is a dynamic and unpredict able environment. Traditional techniques, such as fundam ental and technical analysis can provide investors with some tools for managing their stocks and predicting their prices. However, these techniques cannot discover all the possible relations between stocks and thus there is a need for a different approach that will provide a deeper kind of analysi s. Data mining can be used extensively in the financial markets and help in st ock-price forecasting. Therefore, we propose in this paper a portfolio man agement solution with business intelligence characteristics.
A statistical power estimation methodology embedded in a SystemC code translator

This work describes a methodology for estimating switching activity, which is needed to evaluate power dissipation. The methodology is integrated in a VHDL to SystemC translation process and therefore needs no additional source modifications by the user. The SystemC model is favoured to allow a homogeneous system simulation environment, which speeds up the simulation. The translation process further implements an approach to wrap RTL to transaction level interfaces so that the translated module can be connected to a system level simulator. The switching analysis is based on a statistical model of the underlying HW structure and a preceding analysis of the input dataset. The accuracy and speed-up of the approach is finally illustrated and compared to conventional steps of a power analysis flow.
Stochastic neural networks for solving job-shop scheduling. I. Problem representation

An application of neural networks is presented for solving job-shop scheduling, and NP-complete optimization problem with constraint satisfaction. In particular, the authors introduce a neural computation architecture based on a stochastic Hopfield neural-network model. First, the job-shop problem is mapped into a two-dimensional matrix representation of neurons similar to those for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP). Constant positive and negative current biases are applied to specific neurons as excitations and inhibitions, respectively, to enforce the operation precedence relationships. At the convergence of the neural network, solution to the job-shop problem is represented by a set of cost function trees encoded in the matrix of stable states. Each node represents a job, and each link represents the interdependency between jobs. The cost attached to each link is a function of the processing time of a particular job. The starting time of each job can be determined by traversing the paths leading to the root node of the tree. Near-optimal and optimal solutions are found by simulated annealing. <<ETX>>
Discovery of the Putative Pulsar and Wind Nebula Associated with the TeV Gamma-Ray Source HESS J1813–178

We present a Chandra X-ray observation of G12.82-0.02, a shell-like radio supernova remnant coincident with the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1813-178. We resolve the X-ray emission from the colocated Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA) source into a point source surrounded by structured diffuse emission that fills the interior of the radio shell. The morphology of the diffuse emission strongly resembles that of a pulsar wind nebula. The spectrum of the compact source is well characterized by a power law with index Γ ≈ 1.3, typical of young and energetic rotation-powered pulsars. For a distance of 4.5 kpc, consistent with the X-ray absorption and an association with the nearby star formation region W33, the 2-10 keV X-ray luminosities of the putative pulsar and nebula are LPSR = 3.2 × 1033 ergs s-1 and LPWN = 1.4 × 1034 ergs s-1, respectively. Both the flux ratio of LPWN/LPSR = 4.3 and the total luminosity of this system predict a pulsar spin-down power of Ė > 1037 ergs s-1, placing it among the 10 most energetic young pulsars in the Galaxy. A deep search for radio pulsations using the Parkes telescope sets an upper limit of ≈0.07 mJy at 1.4 GHz for periods ≳50 ms. We discuss the energetics of this source and consider briefly the proximity of bright H II regions to this and several other High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) sources, which may produce their TeV emission via inverse Compton scattering.
Somatic Mutations of PIK 3 R 1 Promote Gliomagenesis

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is targeted for frequent alteration in glioblastoma (GBM) and is one of the core GBM pathways defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Somatic mutations of PIK3R1 are observed in multiple tumor types, but the tumorigenic activity of these mutations has not been demonstrated in GBM. We show here that somatic mutations in the iSH2 domain of PIK3R1 act as oncogenic driver events. Specifically, introduction of a subset of the mutations identified in human GBM, in the nSH2 and iSH2 domains, increases signaling through the PI3K pathway and promotes tumorigenesis of primary normal human astrocytes in an orthotopic xenograft model. Furthermore, we show that cells that are dependent on mutant P85a-mediated PI3K signaling exhibit increased sensitivity to a small molecule inhibitor of AKT. Together, these results suggest that GBM patients whose tumors carry mutant PIK3R1 alleles may benefit from treatment with inhibitors of AKT. Citation: Quayle SN, Lee JY, Cheung LWT, Ding L, Wiedemeyer R, et al. (2012) Somatic Mutations of PIK3R1 Promote Gliomagenesis. PLoS ONE 7(11): e49466. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0049466 Editor: Maria G. Castro, University of Michigan School of Medicine, United States of America Received July 20, 2012; Accepted October 9, 2012; Published November 14, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Quayle et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by a fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health (to SNQ), grants from the Sontag Foundation and the Goldhirsh Foundation (to KLL), a grant from the Ben and Catherine Ivy Foundation (to LC), and National Institutes of Health grants U01CA141508, U24CA143845, and RC2CA148268 (to LC), PO1CA095616 (to KLL and LC), and U01CA168394 (to GBM and LC). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: lchin@mdanderson.org ¤ Current address: Department of Genomic Medicine and Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
The Manifesto Corpus: A new resource for research on political parties and quantitative text analysis

This article presents a digital, open-access, multilingual, annotated corpus of electoral programs. It complements the recent methodological innovations in (semi-) computerized content analysis by providing a large, standardized text corpus for the political science community. The corpus is based on the collection of the Manifesto Project, which comprises of (at the time of writing) the largest hand-annotated text corpus of electoral programs available. Since 2009 the project’s costly and time-intensive procedure of collecting and coding documents has been fully digitized. As a result, it now provides more than 1800 machine readable documents from 40 different countries. Six hundred of these documents contain content-analyzed annotations at the level of single (quasi-) sentences, which correspond to the Manifesto Project coding scheme. Additionally, the corpus will continually be extended by incorporating new elections and digitizing older documents. The database also provides meta-information for each document (eg. party, election, language, etc.) that allow it to be referenced back to the Manifesto Dataset. The corpus is stored in a standardized format in an online database, and an API and R package (manifestoR) guarantee easy access.
Stabilisation of Seven (Toroidal) Directions and Expansion of the remaining Three in an M theoretic Early Universe Model

Our model consists of intersecting 2255 brane configuration in M theory, distributed uniformly in the common transverse space and assumed to describe early universe. Equations of state are those following from U duality symmetries and a few standard assumptions. In this model, three spatial directions expand, and seven directions stabilise to constant sizes which depend on certain imbalance among initial values. One naturally obtains M11 ≃ Ms ≃ M4 and gs ≃ 1 within a few orders of magnitude. Smaller numbers, for example Ms ≃ 10 −16 M4 , are also possible but require fine tuning.
RE-RANKING BASED IMAGE CATEGORIZATION USING SALIENCY DRIVEN NONLINEAR DIFFUSION FILTERING

The new technique is proposed for Re-ranking based image categorization using saliency driven nonlinear diffusion filtering. The image categorize based on Re-ranking, using multi-scale information fusion based on the original image. The foreground features, which are important for image categorization and the background image regions, whether considered as contexts of the foreground or noise to the foreground, can be globally handled by fusing information from different scales. To preserve the foreground feature and deal effectively with background use saliency driven nonlinear diffusion filtering and Re-ranking categorize the image.