Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale real‐world data analyses of cancer risks among patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects 24.5 million people worldwide and has been associated with increased cancer risks. However, the extent to which the observed risks are related to the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis or its treatments is unknown. Leveraging nationwide health insurance claims data with 85.97 million enrollees across 8 years, we identified 92 864 patients without cancers at the time of rheumatoid arthritis diagnoses. We matched 68 415 of these patients with participants without rheumatoid arthritis by sex, race, age and inferred health and economic status and compared their risks of developing all cancer types. By 12 months after the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis patients were 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14, 1.29]) times more likely to develop any cancer compared with matched enrollees without rheumatoid arthritis. In particular, the risk of developing lymphoma is 2.08 (95% CI [1.67, 2.58]) times higher in the rheumatoid arthritis group, and the risk of developing lung cancer is 1.69 (95% CI [1.32, 2.13]) times higher. We further identified the five most commonly used drugs in treating rheumatoid arthritis, and the log‐rank test showed none of them is implicated with a significantly increased cancer risk compared with rheumatoid arthritis patients without that specific drug. Our study suggested that the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, rather than its treatments, is implicated in the development of subsequent cancers. Our method is extensible to investigating the connections among drugs, diseases and comorbidities at scale.
Postoperative acute pain management with duloxetine as compared to placebo: A systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Duloxetine has been used as an adjunct in multimodal analgesia for acute postoperative pain in clinical studies. This meta‐analysis aims to conclude whether oral duloxetine, when given perioperatively, is any better than a placebo in managing postoperative pain. Effects of duloxetine on postoperative pain scores, time to first rescue analgesia, postoperative rescue analgesia consumption, side effects attributable to duloxetine, and patient satisfaction profile were assessed.
Comparing Common Retinal Vessel Caliber Measurement Software with an Automatic Deep Learning System

Abstract Purpose To compare the Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System (RMHAS) with Integrative Vessel Analysis (IVAN) for retinal vessel caliber measurement. Methods Eligible fundus photographs from the Lingtou Eye Cohort Study were obtained alongside their corresponding participant data. Vascular diameter was automatically measured using IVAN and RMHAS software, and intersoftware variations were assessed by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Scatterplots and Bland–Altman plots assessed the agreement between programs, and a Pearson’s correlation test assessed the strength of associations between systemic variables and retinal calibers. An algorithm was proposed to convert measurements between software for interchangeability. Results ICCs between IVAN and RMHAS were moderate for CRAE and AVR (ICC; 95%CI)(0.62; 0.60 to 0.63 and 0.42; 0.40 to 0.44 respectively) and excellent for CRVE (0.76; 0.75 to 0.77). When comparing retinal vascular calibre measurements between tools, mean differences (MD, 95% confidence intervals) in CRAE, CRVE, and AVR were 22.34 (–7.29 to 51.97 µm),–7.01 (–37.68 to 23.67 µm), and 0.12 (–0.02 to 0.26 µm), respectively. The correlation of systemic parameters with CRAE/CRVE was poor and the correlation of CRAE with age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and CRVE with age, sex, and serum glucose were significantly different between IVAN and RMHAS (p < 0.05). Conclusions CRAE and AVR correlated moderately between retinal measurement software systems while CRVE correlated well. Further studies confirming this agreeability and interchangeability in large-scale datasets are needed before softwares are deemed comparable in clinical practice.
Symbolic model checking: 1020 states and beyond

Many diierent methods have been devised for automatically verifying nite state systems by examining state-graph models of system behavior. These methods all depend on decision procedures that explicitly represent the state space using a list or a table that grows in proportion to the number of states. We describe a general method that represents the state space symbolically instead of explicitly. The generality of our method comes from using a dialect of the Mu-Calculus as the primary speciication language. We describe a model checking algorithm for Mu-Calculus formulas that uses Bryant's Binary Decision Diagrams (1986) to represent relations and formulas. We then show how our new Mu-Calculus model checking algorithm can be used to derive eecient decision procedures for CTL model checking, satissability of linear-time temporal logic formulas, strong and weak observational equivalence of nite transition systems, and language containment for nite ! -automata. The xed point computations for each decision procedure are sometimes complex, but can be concisely expressed in the Mu-Calculus. We illustrate the practicality of our approach to symbolic model checking by discussing how it can be used to verify a simple synchronous pipeline circuit.
Hope, quality of life, and psychological distress in patients on peritoneal dialysis: A cross-sectional study

Hope is a goal-directed thought that reflects the sense of control over uncertainties and can promote adjustment to chronic illness. This study aimed to assess the level of hope among patients on peritoneal dialysis and evaluate the association of hope with health-related quality of life and psychological distress. This cross-sectional study included 134 Chinese patients receiving peritoneal dialysis in Hong Kong. Patients’ level of hope was assessed using the Adult Trait Hope Scale. Participants who were employed, had a higher income, and received automated peritoneal dialysis reported a higher hope score. Hope was found to have significant correlations with age and social support. A higher hope score was associated with better mental well-being and less severe depressive symptoms. Specific relationships between agency/pathway thinking and these outcomes were identified. The patient subgroups at risk for losing hope need to be identified and received early interventions to prevent adverse outcomes.
Insertion of the CXXC domain of KMT2A into YAP1: An unusual mechanism behind the formation of a chimeric oncogenic protein

Most neoplasia‐associated gene fusions are formed through the fusion of the 5′‐part of one gene with the 3′‐part of another. We here describe a unique mechanism, by which a part of the KMT2A gene through an insertion replaces part of the YAP1 gene. The resulting YAP1::KMT2A::YAP1 (YKY) fusion was verified by RT‐PCR in three cases of sarcoma morphologically resembling sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF‐like sarcoma). In all cases, a portion (exons 4/5–6) encoding the CXXC domain of KMT2A was inserted between exon 4/5 and exon 8/9 of YAP1. The inserted sequence from KMT2A thus replaced exons 5/6–8 of YAP1, which encode an important regulatory sequence of YAP1. To evaluate the cellular impact of the YKY fusion, global gene expression profiles from fresh frozen and formalin‐fixed YKY‐expressing sarcomas were compared with control tumors. The effects of the YKY fusion, as well as YAP1::KMT2A and KMT2A::YAP1 fusion constructs, were further studied in immortalized fibroblasts. Analysis of differentially upregulated genes revealed significant overlap between tumors and cell lines expressing YKY, as well as with previously reported YAP1 fusions. Pathway analysis of upregulated genes in cells and tumors expressing YKY revealed an enrichment of genes included in key oncogenic signaling pathways, such as Wnt and Hedgehog. As these pathways are known to interact with YAP1, it seems likely that the pathogenesis of sarcomas with the YKY fusion is linked to distorted YAP1 signaling.
Occurrence of adverse events associated with the initiation of methotrexate and biologics for the treatment of psoriasis in routine clinical practice

Abstract Background: Limited information exists on the risk of adverse events (AEs) attributed to methotrexate (MTX) and biologics for the treatment of psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis (PsA/PsO) in heterogeneous clinical practice and beyond the duration of clinical trials. Methods: An observational study of 6294 adults with incident PsA/PsO who initiated MTX or biologics in Stockholm from 2006-2021 was conducted. The risk of kidney, liver, hematological, serious infectious, and major gastrointestinal AEs was quantified and compared between therapies using incidence rates, absolute risks, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) from propensity-score weighted Cox regression. Results: Median follow-up was 4.3 (2–7) years. Users of MTX had a higher risk of anemia (HR 1.79 [95% CI, 1.48–2.16]), particularly mild-moderate anemias (1.93;1.49–2.50), and mild (1.46;1.03–2.06) and moderate-severe liver AEs (2.22;1.19–4.15) compared to biologics. Chronic kidney disease incidence did not differ between therapies (affecting 1.5% of the population in 5 years; HR:1.03;0.48–2.22). Acute kidney injury, serious infections, and major gastrointestinal AEs showed low absolute risks and no clinically meaningful differences between both therapies. Conclusion: The use of MTX for psoriasis patients in routine care was associated with a higher risk of anemia and liver AEs than biologics, but similar risks of kidney, serious infections, and major gastrointestinal AEs.
Bounded Derived Categories of Infinite Quivers: Grothendieck Duality, Reflection Functor

Abstract We study bounded derived categories of the category of representations of infinite quivers over a ring $R$ . In case $R$ is a commutative noetherian ring with a dualising complex, we investigate an equivalence similar to Grothendieck duality for these categories, while a notion of dualising complex does not apply to them. The quivers we consider are left (resp. right) rooted quivers that are either noetherian or their opposite are noetherian. We also consider reflection functor and generalize a result of Happel to noetherian rings of finite global dimension, instead of fields.
AnaMeta: A Table Understanding Dataset of Field Metadata Knowledge Shared by Multi-dimensional Data Analysis Tasks

Tabular data analysis is performed every day across various domains. It requires an accurate understanding of field semantics to correctly operate on table fields and find common patterns in daily analysis. In this paper, we introduce the AnaMeta dataset, a collection of 467k tables with derived supervision labels for four types of commonly used field metadata: measure/dimension dichotomy, common field roles, semantic field type, and default aggregation function. We evaluate a wide range of models for inferring metadata as the benchmark. We also propose a multi-encoder framework, called KDF, which improves the metadata understanding capability of tabular models by incorporating distribution and knowledge information. Furthermore, we propose four interfaces for incorporating field metadata into downstream analysis tasks.
An Extensible Plug-and-Play Method for Multi-Aspect Controllable Text Generation

Recently, multi-aspect controllable text generation that controls the generated text in multiple aspects (e.g., sentiment, topic, and keywords) has attracted increasing attention. Although methods based on parameter efficient tuning like prefix-tuning could achieve multi-aspect controlling in a plug-and-play way, the mutual interference of multiple prefixes leads to significant degeneration of constraints and limits their extensibility to training-time unseen aspect combinations. In this work, we provide a theoretical lower bound for the interference and empirically found that the interference grows with the number of layers where prefixes are inserted. Based on these analyses, we propose using trainable gates to normalize the intervention of prefixes to restrain the growing interference. As a result, controlling training-time unseen combinations of aspects can be realized by simply concatenating corresponding plugins such that new constraints can be extended at a lower cost. In addition, we propose a unified way to process both categorical and free-form constraints. Experiments on text generation and machine translation demonstrate the superiority of our approach over baselines on constraint accuracy, text quality, and extensibility.
Lighting and Rotation Invariant Real-time Vehicle Wheel Detector based on YOLOv5

Creating an object detector, in computer vision, has some common challenges when initially developed based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture. These challenges are more apparent when creating model that needs to adapt to images captured by various camera orientations, lighting conditions, and environmental changes. The availability of the initial training samples to cover all these conditions can be an enormous challenge with a time and cost burden. While the problem can exist when creating any type of object detection, some types are less common and have no pre-labeled image datasets that exists publicly. Sometime public datasets are not reliable nor comprehensive for a rare object type. Vehicle wheel is one of those example that been chosen to demonstrate the approach of creating a lighting and rotation invariant real-time detector based on YOLOv5 architecture. The objective is to provide a simple approach that could be used as a reference for developing other types of real-time object detectors.
Study of the muon decay-in-flight in the τ − → µ − ¯ ν µ ν τ decay to measure the Michel parameter ξ ′

We present the first measurement of the Michel parameter ξ ′ in the τ − → µ − ¯ ν µ ν τ decay using the full data sample of 988 fb − 1 collected by the Belle detector operating at the KEKB asymmetric energy e + e − collider. The method is based on the reconstruction of the µ − → e − ¯ ν e ν µ decay-in-flight in the Belle central drift chamber and relies on the correlation between muon spin and its daughter electron momentum. We study the main sources of the background that can imitate the signal decay, such as kaon and pion decays-in-flight and charged particle scattering on the detector material. Highly efficient methods of their suppression are developed and applied to select 165 signal-candidate events. We obtain ξ ′ = 0 . 22 ± 0 . 94 ± 0 . 42 where the first uncertainty is statistical, and the second one is systematic. The result is in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of ξ ′ = 1.
Efficient iterative algorithm for computing quasinormal modes of black holes and information extraction from black hole ringdown signal

The present work shows how black hole information, such as mass and angular momentum, can be extracted via a new theoretical and computational analysis of the hole’s so called ringdown radiation, which is a gravitational wave emitted by a freely oscillating black hole. This analysis fits within the broader field of numerical relativity whose treatment requires fast and robust computational algorithms. A new spectral algorithm is presented in this work that solves the spin weight spheroidal equation, describing angular perturbations of a black hole. We then use it together with Leaver’s continued fraction method to calculate quasinormal modes (QNM) of a Kerr black hole for multipole number l = 2 through 12 and first 8 overtones with = 10−12 accuracy. The computed QNM spectrum is then used to represent the ringdown signal of a black hole, which is a signature radiation that corresponds to the hole’s parameters. According to the no-hair theorem these parameters are limited to the mass, angular momentum and charge. We assume the ringing black hole is electrically neutral so only the information about its mass and angular momentum is present in the ringdown signal. The multimode nonlinear fitting formalism, that we developed, allows us to extract that information from the black hole.
On the estimation of a sensitive quantitative mean using blank cards

ABSTRACT In this article, we introduce for the first time, the blank card methods for estimation of finite population mean of a sensitive variable. Two generic randomization devices are suggested, and for each device we identify the choices of special models. We introduce additive, multiplicative, and combination of both additive and multiplicative scrambling models that require use of a non sensitive variable. We derive the basic statistical properties of each model. It is interesting to note that various existing estimators can be viewed as the special cases of those presented here. The statistical efficiency of proposed techniques is compared with Greenberg et al. (1971) and modified Perri (2008) model. The proposed devices can easily be adjusted to achieve the required efficiency level by making suitable choices of different design parameters.
Interdependence of Nursing Staff Work Engagement, Quality of Workplace Relationships and Patient Safety

Abstract Background and Purpose Quality within a healthcare system does not comprise only actions defined through certificates or required by law, standards and protocols; it is also defined by the well-being of healthcare workers on the one hand and patients on the other. The purpose paper is to analyse the link between the engagement of nurses and factors related to enhancing patient quality and safety. Methods The research involved 206 nursing employees from Slovenia’s general hospitals. The questionnaire consists of four sections: employee engagement, the measure of self-efficacy, statements referring to various tools and methods that are used in nursing in daily work and that contribute to the quality of work, interpersonal relationships in the workplace between different professional groups within medical treatment, and attitude towards changes. Results Compared to other professions, nursing employees showed an above-average level of engagement. Younger respondents were more engaged in their work, and their self-efficacy level was higher. The frequency of using tools intended to enhance the quality of nursing correlates statistically typically and positively with self-efficacy, engagement and willingness to accept change. The analysed factors are interdependent. Engagement results from workplace interactions; employees who feel better in their workplace will be more oriented towards the future, be more open to innovation, and use various tools and approaches to enhance the work’s quality. Conclusion Analysed concepts are closely connected and interdependent. The findings are essential for the successful and efficient management of hospitals and for ensuring patient quality and safety.
A reconsideration of the three-shock theory for a pseudo-steady Mach reflection

The analytical solution of a pseudo-steady Mach reflection was considered. It was found that the solution of the well-known perfect-gas conservation equations of a pseudo-steady Mach reflection - the three-shock theory - failed to accurately predict the angles between the incident, reflected and Mach stem shock waves. The disagreement between theory and experiments was not settled even when real-gas effects were accounted for. However, the inclusion of real-gas effects did improve the analytical predictions. In order to improve the analytical model, the boundary layers developing on both sides of the slipstream were integrated into the analysis. Using these boundary layers, the displacement thickness as a function of distance along the slipstream from the triple point was calculated. The displacement thickness was then related to the angular displacement of the slipstream, as a function of that distance. Finally it was shown that the displacement, taken at a distance equivalent to the incident-shock-wave thickness, could be used to obtain computed results which agree with experimentally measured data.
Euthanasia in Africa: A scoping review of empirical evidence

The core ethical perplexity is that physician‐assisted suicide and euthanasia (PAS/E) contradicts the core value of medical practice which is about the duty of care to preserve life. While most arguments for and against euthanasia emerge from other continents, no African country legalizes or decriminalizes PAS/E. The essence of this scoping review is to collate evidence and scientific voices on euthanasia in Africa by synthesizing empirical articles on the subject in Africa.
Motion and structure from two perspective views: from essential parameters to Euclidean motion through the fundamental matrix

The standard approach to the motion and structure estimation problem consists of two stages: (1) using the eight-point algorithm to estimate the nine essential parameters defined up to a scale factor and (2) refining the motion estimation based on some statistically optimal criteria, which is a nonlinear estimation problem on a five-dimensional space. Unfortunately, the results obtained are often not satisfactory. The problem is that the second stage is very sensitive to the initial guess and that it is very difficult to obtain a precise initial estimate from the first stage. This is because one performs a projection of a set of quantities that are estimated in a space of eight dimensions (by neglecting the constraints on the essential parameters), a much higher dimension than that of the real space, which is five dimensional. A novel approach is proposed by the introduction of an intermediate stage, which consists in estimating a 3×3 matrix defined up to a scale factor by imposing the rank-2 constraint (the matrix has seven independent parameters and is known as the fundamental matrix). The idea is to project parameters estimated in a high-dimensional space gradually onto a slightly lower-dimensional space, namely, from eight dimensions to seven and finally to five. The proposed approach has been tested with synthetic and real data, and a considerable improvement has been observed. The conjecture is that the imposition of the constraints arising from projective geometry should be used as an intermediate step to obtain reliable three-dimensional Euclidean motion and structure estimation from multiple calibrated images. The software is available on the Internet.
Conjunctival laceration and burn with micropulse transscleral laser therapy (MP-TLT)

© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. DESCRIPTION Micropulse transscleral laser therapy (MPTLT) is a new laser treatment modality for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with refractory glaucoma. The laser uses micropulse instead of continuous wave energy to reduce side effects caused by thermal energy. The technique has gained popularity as a noninvasive mode of glaucoma therapy especially during the COVID19 pandemic with no major side effects being reported unlike continuous wave diode laser cyclophotocoagulation. We recently performed MPTLT with a newgeneration MP3 fibre optic probe (Iridex Cyclo G6) (figure 1A) and came across a unique complication, which has important implications for the ophthalmic surgeon community. A patient in his early 70s presented with primary angle closure glaucoma to our glaucoma clinic with IOP of 26 mm Hg on four antiglaucoma medications in his right eye with vertical cup disc ratio of 0.9. The patient had a previous failed trabeculectomy and undergone cataract surgery 6 months back. It was decided to perform MPTLT to lower the IOP as the patient was not willing to undergo another invasive surgery. We obtained written informed consent for MPTLT and its related complications before surgery. After topical anaesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine, with the laser settings of, power 2500 mW, total duration 80 s, treat mode ON, we performed MPTLT in an appropriate technique instruction according to the device company with the speed of 20 s per hemisphere per pass (surgical video 1).