Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Relay Networks With Multiple Primary Transceivers Under Spectrum-Sharing

We examine the impact of multiple primary transmitters and receivers (PU-TxRx) on the outage performance of cognitive decode-and-forward relay networks. In such a joint relaying/spectrum-sharing arrangement, we address fundamental questions concerning three key power constraints: 1) maximum transmit power at the secondary transmitter (SU-Tx), 2) peak interference power at the primary receivers (PU-Rx), and 3) interference power at SU-Rx caused by the primary transmitter (PU-Tx). Our answers to these are given in new analytical expressions for the exact and asymptotic outage probability of the secondary relay network. Based on our asymptotic expressions, important design insights into the impact of primary transceivers on the performance of cognitive relay networks is reached. We have shown that zero diversity order is attained when the peak interference power at the PU-Rx is independent of the maximum transmit power at the SU-Tx.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS AND A PROPOSAL FOR LOAD BALANCING LOCAL SPECTRUM KNOWLEDGE - BASED ROUTING

We present a critical review and analysis of different categories of routing protocols for cognitive radio networks. We first classify the available solutions to two broad categories: those based on full spectrum knowledge (typically used to establish performance benchmarks) and those based on local spectrum knowledge (used for real-time implementation). The full spectrum knowledge based routing solutions are analyzed from a graph-theoretic point of view, and we review the layered graph, edge coloring and conflict graph models. We classify the various local spectrum knowledge based routing protocols into the following five categories: Minimum power, Minimum delay, Maximum throughput, Geographic and Class-based routing. A total of 25 routing protocols proposed for cognitive radio networks have been reviewed. We discuss the working principle and analyze the pros and cons of the routing protocols. Finally, we propose an idea of a load balancing-based local spectrum knowledge-based routing protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks .
Closed-loop space time block coding techniques for OFDM broadband wireless access systems

We propose a closed loop space time block coding technique using four antennae at the transmitter for the enhancement of link layer performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based broadband wireless access systems such as wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs). Since full code rate and complex valued space-time block codes (STBCs) do not exist for more than two transmit antennae, we propose two feedback based STBC schemes. In the first scheme, phases of certain symbols in each sub carrier are rotated according to the feedback from the receiver. In the second scheme, best two out of four antennae are activated for transmission based on the associated channel gains in each subcarrier. In both schemes, the channel perceived at the receiver becomes orthogonal and the transmit diversity gain is maximized. One of the major challenges associated with the closed loop STBC schemes in OFDM systems as compared to CDMA systems is the requirement for extensive channel state information feedback as channel orthogonalization is performed in each subcarrier. However, by exploiting the feedback correlation among subcarriers, we have proposed a group based quantization technique to reduce feedback overhead significantly, making this scheme very attractive to broadband wireless access systems.
Ranking products through interpretation of blogs based on users' query

In this work we look into analyzing blogs to classify products according to users' query. Blogs can be found over the internet where buyers share their opinions on different products that are available in the market. Such pages may prove to be good guides for a prospective buyer. However, going through a large number of blogs and to convert their opinions into a meaningful decision is often difficult. In the present work we develop a scheme for analyzing blogs for the aforesaid purpose. For this work we restrict ourselves to the blogs related to computers only, i.e. laptops, netbooks, and desktops. Our initial results of experiment are found to be very encouraging.
Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis.

BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids have been the cornerstone of remission-induction therapy for severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis for 40 years. Uncontrolled studies suggest that rituximab is effective and may be safer than a cyclophosphamide-based regimen. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority trial of rituximab (375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks) as compared with cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for remission induction. Glucocorticoids were tapered off; the primary end point was remission of disease without the use of prednisone at 6 months. RESULTS Nine centers enrolled 197 ANCA-positive patients with either Wegener's granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis. Baseline disease activity, organ involvement, and the proportion of patients with relapsing disease were similar in the two treatment groups. Sixty-three patients in the rituximab group (64%) reached the primary end point, as compared with 52 patients in the control group (53%), a result that met the criterion for noninferiority (P<0.001). The rituximab-based regimen was more efficacious than the cyclophosphamide-based regimen for inducing remission of relapsing disease; 34 of 51 patients in the rituximab group (67%) as compared with 21 of 50 patients in the control group (42%) reached the primary end point (P=0.01). Rituximab was also as effective as cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with major renal disease or alveolar hemorrhage. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to rates of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Rituximab therapy was not inferior to daily cyclophosphamide treatment for induction of remission in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be superior in relapsing disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Genentech, and Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00104299.)
Multirobot Object Localization: A Fuzzy Fusion Approach

In this paper, we address the problem of fusing information about object positions in multirobot systems. Our approach is novel in two main respects. First, it addresses the multirobot object localization problem using fuzzy logic. It uses fuzzy sets to represent uncertain position information and fuzzy intersection to fuse this information. The result of this fusion is a consensus among sources, as opposed to the compromise achieved by many other approaches. Second, our method fully propagates self-localization uncertainty to object-position estimates. We evaluate our method using systematic experiments, which describe an input-error landscape for the performance of our approach. This landscape characterizes how well our method performs when faced with various types and amounts of input errors.
Elevated Fluid Shear Stress Enhances Postocclusive Collateral Artery Growth and Gene Expression in the Pig Hind Limb

Objective—The role of fluid shear stress (FSS) in collateral vessel growth remains disputed and prospective in vivo experiments to test its morphogenic power are rare. Therefore, we studied the influence of FSS on arteriogenesis in a new model with extremely high levels of collateral flow and FSS in pig and rabbit hind limbs. Methods and Results—A side-to-side anastomosis was created between the distal stump of one of the bilaterally occluded femoral arteries with the accompanying vein. This clamps the collateral reentry pressure at venous levels and increases collateral flow, which is directed to a large part into the venous system. This decreases circumferential wall stress and markedly increases FSS. One week after anastomosis, angiographic number and size of collaterals were significantly increased. Maximal collateral flow exceeded by 2.3-fold that obtained in the ligature-only hind limb. Capillary density increased in lower leg muscles. Immunohistochemistry revealed augmented proliferative activity of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were upregulated, and monocyte invasion was markedly increased. In 2-dimensional gels, actin-regulating cofilin1 and cofilin2, destrin, and transgelin2 showed the highest degree of differential regulation. Conclusions—High levels of FSS cause a strong arteriogenic response, reinstate cellular proliferation, stimulate cytoskeletal rearrangement, and normalize maximal conductance. FSS is the initiating molding force in arteriogenesis.
Fitness variation is generated by a segregating inversion 1 in yellow monkeyflower ( Mimulus guttatus ) 2 3

13 Polymorphic chromosomal rearrangements can bind hundreds of genes into single genetic loci 14 with diverse effects. They are often associated with local adaptation and speciation and may also 15 be an important component of genetic variation within populations. We genetically and 16 phenotypically characterize a segregating inversion (inv6) in the Iron Mountain (IM) population 17 of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower). We initially mapped inv6 as a region of 18 recombination suppression in three F2 populations resulting from crosses among IM plants. In 19 each case, the F1 parent was heterozygous for a derived haplotype, homogenous across markers 20 spanning over 5 Mb of chromsome 6. In the three F2 populations, inv6 reduced male and female 21 fitness components. In addition, inv6 carriers suffered a ~30% loss of pollen viability in the 22 field. Despite these costs, inv6 exists at moderate frequency (~8%) in the natural population, 23 suggesting counter-balancing fitness benefits that maintain the polymorphism. Across four years 24 of monitoring in the field, inv6 had an overall significant positive effect on seed production 25 (lifetime female fitness) of carriers. This benefit was particularly strong in harsh years and may 26 be mediated (in part) by strong positive effects on flower production. These data suggest that 27 opposing fitness effects maintain an intermediate frequency, and as a consequence, inv6 28 generates inbreeding depression and high genetic variance. We discuss these findings in relation 29 to the theory of inbreeding depression and the maintenance of fitness variation 30
Determining Economic Contributions and Impacts: What is the difference and why do we care?

Economic contribution and impact studies are common tasks for regional economists, but the semantics of the discipline suffer from a lack of standardization with respect to dif-ferences between economic contributions, impacts and benefits. These terms refer to 3 dis-tinct metrics which are useful for answering different questions and each has situations when their use is appropriate. This article provides a pedagogical and methodological framework for how and when these terms should be applied in the context of regional eco-nomic analysis. Past studies are reviewed and a standardized semantic is presented. It is recommended that economists working in this field use a more explicit and unified termi-nology and methodology when conducting regional economic analysis.
EFL Learner’s Silence at University Level: Where to?

The above quotation echoes the wisdom of silence. But, this wisdom is not workable thoroughly as it has been a terrifying phenomenon in higher education atmosphere. A silent class definitely threatens the process of learning in Iraqi higher education as ''[silence]is often troubling when students speak, but disturbing when they do not'' (Boler, 2004quoted in Armstrong,2007b:p.1). The present study aims to identify, describe, and analyze the reasons behind silence of the majority part of the silent students at university level. It is hypothesized that certain psychological and pedagogical factors could be the main source of Iraqi learners’ silence. The empirical data is based on a questionnaire administered to two groups of 4 th grade students at the Dept. of English, College of Arts, University of Mosul during the academic year (2008-2009). In total, 43 students (20 females) and (23 males) participated in this study, with gender as the main dependent variable for the purpose of statistical analysis. The study concludes that some psychological and pedagogical factors come to the forefront of the reasons behind Iraqi undergraduate students’ silence. The paper also ends with some suggestions that might help students not to be “like our wise old bird” completely while learning English in the classroom. Keyword: silence, Iraqi EFL learners, Higher education, psychology and pedagogy.
Effect of a pharmaceutical care program on vascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of a 12-month pharmaceutical care (PC) program on vascular risk in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 198 community-based patients randomized to PC or usual care. PC patients had face-to-face goal-directed medication and lifestyle counseling at baseline and at 6 and 12 months plus 6-weekly telephone assessments and provision of other educational material. Clinical, biochemical, and medication-related data were sent regularly to each patient's physician(s). The main outcome measure was change in HbA(1c). A diabetes-specific risk engine was used to estimate changes in 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk in patients without a history of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS At total of 180 patients (91%) completed the study. Mean (95% CI) reductions were greater in PC case subjects (n = 92) than control subjects (n = 88) for HbA(1c) (-0.5% [95% CI -0.7 to -0.3] vs. 0 [-0.2 to 0.2]) and systolic (-14 mmHg [-19 to -9] vs. -7 [-11 to -2]) and diastolic (-5 mmHg [-8 to -3] vs. -2 [-4 to 1]) blood pressure (P < or = 0.043). The improvement in HbA(1c) persisted after adjustment for baseline value and demographic and treatment-specific variables. The median (interquartile range) 10-year estimated risk of a first CHD event decreased in the PC case subjects (25.1% [15.6-36.2] to 20.3 [14.6-30.2]; n = 42, P = 0.002) but not in the control subjects (26.1% [17.2-39.4] vs. 26.4 [16.7-38.0]; n = 52, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS A 12-month PC program in type 2 diabetes reduced glycemia and blood pressure. Pharmacist involvement contributed to improvement in HbA(1c) independently of pharmacotherapeutic changes. PC could prove a valuable component of community-based multidisciplinary diabetes care.
Bioinformatics Combining Experimental and Predicted Datasets for Determination of the Subcellular Location of Proteins in Arabidopsis 1 [ w ]

Substantial experimental datasets defining the subcellular location of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins have been reported in the literature in the form of organelle proteomes built from mass spectrometry data (approximately 2,500 proteins). Subcellular location for specific proteins has also been published based on imaging of chimeric fluorescent fusion proteins in intact cells (approximately 900 proteins). Further, the more diverse history of biochemical determination of subcellular location is stored in the entries of the Swiss-Prot database for the products of many Arabidopsis genes (approximately 1,800 proteins). Combined with the range of bioinformatic targeting prediction tools and comparative genomic analysis, these experimental datasets provide a powerful basis for defining the final location of proteins within the wide variety of subcellular structures present inside Arabidopsis cells. We have analyzed these published experimental and prediction data to answer a range of substantial questions facing researchers about the veracity of these approaches to determining protein location and their interrelatedness. We have merged these data to form the subcellular location database for Arabidopsis proteins (SUBA), providing an integrated understanding of protein location, encompassing the plastid, mitochondrion, peroxisome, nucleus, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole, Golgi, cytoskeleton structures, and cytosol (www.suba.bcs.uwa.edu.au). This includes data on more than 4,400 nonredundant Arabidopsis protein sequences. We also provide researchers with an online resource that may be used to query protein sets or protein families and determine whether predicted or experimental location data exist; to analyze the nature of contamination between published proteome sets; and/or for building theoretical subcellular proteomes in Arabidopsis using the latest experimental data.
A Non-Parametric Approach to Dynamic Programming

In this paper, we consider the problem of policy evaluation for continuous-state systems. We present a non-parametric approach to policy evaluation, which uses kernel density estimation to represent the system. The true form of the value function for this model can be determined, and can be computed using Galerkin's method. Furthermore, we also present a unified view of several well-known policy evaluation methods. In particular, we show that the same Galerkin method can be used to derive Least-Squares Temporal Difference learning, Kernelized Temporal Difference learning, and a discrete-state Dynamic Programming solution, as well as our proposed method. In a numerical evaluation of these algorithms, the proposed approach performed better than the other methods.
Identification of nuclear and nucleolar localization signals in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP27

Previous work has shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) regulatory protein ICP27 localizes to the cell nucleus and that certain mutant ICP27 polypeptides localize preferentially in nucleoli. To map the signals in ICP27 which mediate its nuclear localization, we identified the portions of ICP27 which can direct a cytoplasmic protein, pyruvate kinase (PK), to nuclei. Our results demonstrate that ICP27 contains multiple nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that function with differing efficiencies. First, ICP27 possesses a strong NLS, mapping to residues 110 to 137, which bears similarity to the bipartite NLSs found in Xenopus laevis nucleoplasmin and other proteins. Second, ICP27 possesses one or more weak NLSs which map to a carboxyl-terminal portion of the protein between residues 140 and 512. Our PK-targeting experiments also demonstrate that ICP27 contains a relatively short sequence, mapping to residues 110 to 152, that can function as a nucleolar localization signal (NuLS). This signal includes ICP27's strong NLS as well as 15 contiguous residues which consist entirely of arginine and glycine. This latter sequence is very similar to an RGG box, a putative RNA-binding motif found in a number of cellular proteins which are involved in nuclear RNA processing. To confirm the results of the PK-targeting experiments, we mutated the ICP27 gene by deleting sequences encoding either the strong NLS or the RGG box. Deletion of the strong NLS (residues 109 to 138) resulted in an ICP27 molecule that was only partially defective for nuclear localization, while deletion of the RGG box (residues 139 to 153) resulted in a molecule that was nuclear localized but excluded from nucleoli. Recombinant HSV-1s bearing either of these deletions were unable to replicate efficiently in Vero cells, suggesting that ICP27's strong NLS and RGG box carry out important in vivo functions.
Growing muscle has different sarcolemmal properties from adult muscle: a proposal with scientific and clinical implications: reasons to reassess skeletal muscle molecular dynamics, cellular responses and suitability of experimental models of muscle disorders.

We hypothesise that the sarcolemma of an actively growing myofibre has different properties to the sarcolemma of a mature adult myofibre. Such fundamentally different properties have clinical consequences for the onset, and potential therapeutic targets, of various skeletal muscle diseases that first manifest either during childhood (e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD) or after cessation of the main growth phase (e.g. dysferlinopathies). These characteristics are also relevant to the selection of both tissue culture and in vivo models employed to study such myopathies and the molecular regulation of adult myofibres. During growth, multinucleated myofibres increase enormously in size and volume with dramatic increases in length (up to ~600 mm). This is in striking contrast with most mononucleated cells such as fibroblasts, that remain at a relatively small size (~10-20 µm diameter). The consequences of a dynamic, expanding sarcolemma during growth, compared with that of an adult myofibre of a fixed length, are discussed with respect to various aspects of muscle biology.
red - an R package to facilitate species red list assessments according to the IUCN criteria

Abstract The International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List is the most useful database of species that are at risk of extinction worldwide, as it relies on a number of objective criteria and is now widely adopted. The R package red – IUCN Redlisting Tools - performs a number of spatial analyses based on either observed occurrences or estimated ranges. Functions include calculating Extent of Occurrence (EOO), Area of Occupancy (AOO), mapping species ranges, species distribution modelling using climate and land cover and calculating the Red List Index for groups of species. The package allows the calculation of confidence limits for all measures. Spatial data of species occurrences, environmental or land cover variables can be either given by the user or automatically extracted from several online databases. It outputs geographical range, elevation and country values, maps in several formats and vectorial data for visualization in Google Earth. Several examples are shown demonstrating the usefulness of the different methods. The red package constitutes an open platform for further development of new tools to facilitate red list assessments.
Symbolic bisimulation for the applied pi calculus

We propose a symbolic semantics for the finite applied pi calculus. The applied pi calculus is a variant of the pi calculus with extensions for modelling cryptographic protocols. By treating inputs symbolically, our semantics avoids potentially infinite branching of execution trees due to inputs from the environment. Correctness is maintained by associating with each process a set of constraints on terms. We define a symbolic labelled bisimulation relation, which is shown to be sound but not complete with respect to standard bisimulation. We explore the lack of completeness and demonstrate that the symbolic bisimulation relation is sufficient for many practical examples. This work is an important step towards automation of observational equivalence for the finite applied pi calculus, e.g. for verification of anonymity or strong secrecy properties.