Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOPATHY AND INDIRECT AGGRESSION IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE

This thesis sought to investigate the relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression use. Psychopathy has been strongly linked with increased levels of aggressive behaviour and in particular violence (Porter & Woodworth, 2006). However, thus far research has predominantly focused on direct forms of aggression with minimal research considering indirect forms of aggression. On the basis of previous research, it was hypothesised that not only would psychopathy be significantly related to indirect aggression use, but that this relationship would remain after controlling for the shared variance with direct aggression. It was also hypothesised that this relationship would be mediated by deficits in affective empathy and moderated by both gender and levels of social skills. A series of quasi-experimental studies were conducted to test this hypothesis using regression analysis and structural equation modelling. Study 1 sought to test the basic relationship between psychopathy and indirect aggression using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory - Revised and the Indirect Aggression Scale respectively on a sample of 103 university students. Study 2 & 3 then expanded this and sought to investigate both the role of empathy, using the Empathy Quotient (Study 2), and gender (Study 3) using a sample of 201 university students, 83 males and 118 females. Study 4 used the Social Skills Inventory in a sample of 107 students to test the hypothesised social skill moderation of this relationship. Finally Study 5 and 6 sought to redress issues of both the limited samples and use of self-report measures in the previous studies by replicating these findings in a general community population of 204 (Study 5) and using behavioural measures of empathy on a sample of 117 (Study 6). The results indicate that psychopathy is significantly related to the use of indirect aggression, even after controlling for direct aggression, and that this was driven predominantly by the impulsive antisociality and coldheartedness factors. This relationship was found to be significantly mediated by affective, but not cognitive, empathy deficits although only for males, not for females, which may arguably point towards differences in the function of indirect aggression for male compared to female psychopaths. Non-verbal social skills were found to significantly moderate this relationship among students, however this finding could not be replicated. These findings would appear to imply that psychopathy is related to a general increase in aggression, rather than a specific increase in violence. This supports the theorisation of non-criminal psychopathy as a moderated behavioural manifestation of the underlying personality traits rather than a sub-clinical version of the disorder. The sex differences in the relationship would seem to imply that the different types of aggression use may have different underlying meanings for males and females high on psychopathic traits.
Subcomparative puzzle

Although crosslinguistic variation in comparatives has been drawing much attention among researchers, the puzzling fact that languages like Japanese and Korean in general impose a ban on subcomparatives remains without satisfactory explanation (see Shimoyama 2012: 103–105). In this paper, I provide a preliminary version of such explanation by capitalizing on the assumption that scalar predicates in Korean rely on the domain restriction of measure functions via the interface between functional degree structures and measure nominals such as length, width, and height.
A Heuristic Search Algorithm for Flow-Shop Scheduling

This article describes the development of a new intelligent heuristic search algorithm (IHSA * ) which guarantees an optimal solution for flow-shop problems with an arbitrary number of jobs and machines provided the job sequence is constrained to be the same on each machine. The development is described in terms of 3 modifications made to the initial version of IHSA * . The first modification concerns the choice of an admissible heuristic function. The second concerns the calculation of heuristic estimates as the search for an optimal solution progresses, and the third determines multiple optimal solutions when they exist. The first 2 modifications improve performance characteristics of the algorithm and experimental evidence of these improvements is presented as well as instructive examples which illustrate the use of initial and final versions of IHSA * . *
Iterative DCOPF model using distributed slack bus

Loss modelling in DCOPF has seen various versions of implementation in literature. Each one of them strives to model the losses in the most accurate manner possible, depending on the methodology used and assumptions made, in order to obtain locational marginal price (LMP). The methodology proposed in this paper is a variant of the iterative DC approach. In this model, the choice of slack bus changes the solution in terms of cost and LMPs. Instead of keeping β constant based on load magnitude, it is shown that initializing the iterative algorithm by appropriate slack distribution variable (β), and updated based on dispatch obtained, a better solution can be obtained. This inturn has an effect on the loss factors and Generation Shift Factor (GSF), which are a function of β. This leads to a different set of LMPs. With a suitable choice of β, a reasonable result in terms of cost and closeness of LMPs with ACOPF can be obtained.
Asymmetric Lipid Membranes: Towards More Realistic Model Systems

Despite the ubiquity of transbilayer asymmetry in natural cell membranes, the vast majority of existing research has utilized chemically well-defined symmetric liposomes, where the inner and outer bilayer leaflets have the same composition. Here, we review various aspects of asymmetry in nature and in model systems in anticipation for the next phase of model membrane studies.
Modelling sun-induced fluorescence and photosynthesis with a land surface model at local and regional scales in northern Europe

Abstract. Recent satellite observations of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) are thought to provide a large-scale proxy for gross primary production (GPP), thus providing a new way to assess the performance of land surface models (LSMs). In this study, we assessed how well SIF is able to predict GPP in the Fenno-Scandinavian region and what potential limitations for its application exist. We implemented a SIF model into the JSBACH LSM and used active leaf-level chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Chl F) to evaluate the performance of the SIF module at a coniferous forest at Hyytiala, Finland. We also compared simulated GPP and SIF at four Finnish micrometeorological flux measurement sites to observed GPP as well as to satellite-observed SIF. Finally, we conducted a regional model simulation for the Fenno-Scandinavian region with JSBACH and compared the results to SIF retrievals from the GOME-2 (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2) space-borne spectrometer and to observation-based regional GPP estimates. Both observations and simulations revealed that SIF can be used to estimate GPP at both site and regional scales. At regional scale the model was able to simulate observed SIF averaged over 5 years with r2 of 0.86. The GOME-2-based SIF was a better proxy for GPP than the remotely sensed fAPAR (fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation by vegetation). The observed SIF captured the seasonality of the photosynthesis at site scale and showed feasibility for use in improving of model seasonality at site and regional scale.
Foreign direct investment, firm-level capabilities and human capital development: evidence from Kenyan manufacturing industry

This paper uses firm-level survey data of Kenyan manufacturing industry to examine the significance of FDI and firm-level capabilities in human capital development. It undertakes a detailed descriptive comparison of human capital and other firm-level capabilities generated by both foreign and locally owned firms. The analysis shows that foreign firms generally enjoyed high human capital development and firm-level capabilities than locally owned firms. Empirical evaluation of human capital determinants revealed a statistically significant role played by FDI in determining human capital development in all the firms. Other factors which demonstrated an equally significant role included specific firm level capabilities; process, product, marketing and export performance. Interestingly, basic infrastructure, systemic embeddedness, firm size, labour market conditions and the role of government were not statistically significant, implying their weak role in human capital stimulation. The choice of Kenyan manufacturing industry presents an ideal case to evaluate FDI, firm-level capabilities and human capital development for two main reasons. First, the Kenyan economy has continued to witness low levels of economic growth despite having literally lifted most industrial controls and protections since introduction of structural adjustment programme from mid 1980s. Second, although Kenya has low levels of FDI in general terms it has high levels of foreign presence in selected industries. The Kenyan case is therefore expected to offer important policy ramifications for other countries in the sub Saharan region.
A de novo missense mutation in the keratin 13 gene in oral white sponge naevus

White sponge naevus (WSN; OMIM 193900) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by variable, and at times extensive, leucokeratosis of the oral mucosa. In some cases, the nasal, oesophageal and anogenital mucosa may be similarly affected. Histologically, involved mucosa shows a characteristic basket-weave or cell-within-cell appearance. Recent study has shown that keratin 4 (K4) and keratin 13 (K13) gene mutations are associated with WSN. Thus far, four pathogenic mutations have been identified in K4 and five in K13 in patients with WSN, and all these mutations were identified in familial cases of WSN. Clinically, oral manifestations seen in WSN resemble those found in mucosal disorders such as lichen planus and candidiasis. Therefore, it is not always easy to diagnose a patient with sporadic WSN with no family history of the disorder. Here we report a novel de novo missense mutation in KRT13 identified in a sporadic case of WSN.
Vehicle accidents related to sleep: a review.

Falling asleep while driving accounts for a considerable proportion of vehicle accidents under monotonous driving conditions. Many of these accidents are related to work--for example, drivers of lorries, goods vehicles, and company cars. Time of day (circadian) effects are profound, with sleepiness being particularly evident during night shift work, and driving home afterwards. Circadian factors are as important in determining driver sleepiness as is the duration of the drive, but only duration of the drive is built into legislation protecting professional drivers. Older drivers are also vulnerable to sleepiness in the mid-afternoon. Possible pathological causes of driver sleepiness are discussed, but there is little evidence that this factor contributes greatly to the accident statistics. Sleep does not occur spontaneously without warning. Drivers falling asleep are unlikely to recollect having done so, but will be aware of the precursory state of increasing sleepiness; probably reaching a state of fighting off sleep before an accident. Self awareness of sleepiness is a better method for alerting the driver than automatic sleepiness detectors in the vehicle. None of these have been proved to be reliable and most have shortcomings. Putative counter measures to sleepiness, adopted during continued driving (cold air, use of car radio) are only effective for a short time. The only safe counter measure to driver sleepiness, particularly when the driver reaches the stage of fighting sleep, is to stop driving, and--for example, take a 30 minute break encompassing a short (< 15 minute) nap or coffee (about 150 mg caffeine), which are very effective particularly if taken together. Exercise is of little use. CONCLUSIONS: More education of employers and employees is needed about planning journeys, the dangers of driving while sleepy, and driving at vulnerable times of the day.
Gravity centres of authoritarian rule: a conceptual approach

The resilience of autocratic regimes in various world regions and the emerging model of illiberal capitalist autocracies (China, Russia) have led scholars to shift their attention to the durability of such regimes. Autocracies not only resist the global spread of democracy, but are developing their own domestic efforts in the promotion of autocracy. This study argues that processes at the regional level aim at the dissemination and diffusion of autocratic norms, structures, processes, policy approaches or practices. Likewise, we propose that authoritarian gravity centres can be attributed with both the active promotion of autocracy as well as the inducement of diffusion effects. Our research tries to shed some light on their strategies and modes of influence on countries in their geopolitical proximity (target states).
Modelling Invasion Dynamics with Spatial Random-Fitness due to Microenvironment

Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that the microenvironment is a key regulator influencing the proliferative and migrative potentials of species. Spatial and temporal disturbances lead to adverse and hazardous microenvironments for cellular systems that is reflected in the phenotypic heterogeneity within the system. In this paper, we study the effect of microenvironment on the invasive capability of species, or mutants, on structured grids under the influence of site-dependent random proliferation in addition to a migration potential. We discuss both continuous and discrete fitness distributions. Our results suggest that the invasion probability is negatively correlated with the variance of fitness distribution of mutants (for both advantageous and neutral mutants) in the absence of migration of both types of cells. A similar behaviour is observed even in the presence of a random fitness distribution of host cells in the system with neutral fitness rate. In the case of a bimodal distribution, we observe zero invasion probability until the system reaches a (specific) proportion of advantageous phenotypes. Also, we find that the migrative potential amplifies the invasion probability as the variance of fitness of mutants increases in the system, which is the exact opposite in the absence of migration. Our computational framework captures the harsh microenvironmental conditions through quenched random fitness distributions and migration of cells, and our analysis shows that they play an important role in the invasion dynamics of several biological systems such as bacterial micro-habitats, epithelial dysplasia, and metastasis. We believe that our results may lead to more experimental studies, which can in turn provide further insights into the role and impact of heterogeneous environments on invasion dynamics.
The road ahead for Mining Software Repositories

Source control repositories, bug repositories, archived communications, deployment logs, and code repositories are examples of software repositories that are commonly available for most software projects. The mining software repositories (MSR) field analyzes and cross-links the rich data available in these repositories to uncover interesting and actionable information about software systems. By transforming these repositories from static record-keeping ones into active repositories, we can guide decision processes in modern software projects. For example, data in source control repositories, traditionally used to archive code, could be linked with data in bug repositories to help practitioners propagate complex changes and to warn them about risky code based on prior changes and bugs. In this paper, we present a brief history of the MSR field and discuss several recent achievements and results of using MSR techniques to support software research and practice. We then discuss the various opportunities and challenges that lie in the road ahead for this important and emerging field.
Permutation-Based Sequential Pattern Hiding

Sequence data are increasingly shared to enable mining applications, in various domains such as marketing, telecommunications, and healthcare. This, however, may expose sensitive sequential patterns, which lead to intrusive inferences about individuals or leak confidential information about organizations. This paper presents the first permutation-based approach to prevent this threat. Our approach hides sensitive patterns by replacing them with carefully selected permutations that avoid changes in the set of frequent nonsensitive patterns (side-effects) and in the ordering information of sequences (distortion). By doing so, it retains data utility in sequence mining and tasks based on item set properties, as permutation preserves the support of items, unlike deletion, which is used in existing works. To realize our approach, we develop an efficient and effective algorithm for generating permutations with minimal side-effects and distortion. This algorithm also avoids implausible symbol orderings that may exist in certain applications. In addition, we propose a method to hide sensitive patterns from a sequence dataset. Extensive experiments verify that our method allows significantly more accurate data analysis than the state-of the-art approach.
Prediction of Long-Term Outcomes by Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography in Patients With Unsustained Ventricular Tachycardia, Coronary Artery Disease, and Left Ventricular Dysfunction

Background— An abnormal signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) is a noninvasive marker of the substrate of sustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction. We assessed its prognostic ability in patients with asymptomatic unsustained ventricular tachycardia, coronary artery disease, and left ventricular dysfunction. Methods and Results— A blinded core laboratory analyzed SAECG tracings from 1925 patients in a multicenter trial. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine individual and joint relations between SAECG variables and arrhythmic death or cardiac arrest (primary end point), cardiac death, and total mortality. We also assessed the prognostic utility of SAECG at different levels of ejection fraction (EF). A filtered QRS duration >114 ms (abnormal SAECG) independently predicted the primary end point and cardiac death, independent of clinical variables, cardioverter-defibrillator implantation, and antiarrhythmic drug therapy. With an abnormal SAECG, the 5-year rates of the primary end point (28% versus 17%, P =0.0001), cardiac death (37% versus 25%, P =0.0001), and total mortality (43% versus 35%, P =0.0001) were significantly higher. The combination of EF <30% and abnormal SAECG identified a particularly high-risk subset that constituted 21% of the total population. Thirty-six percent and 44% of patients with this combination succumbed to arrhythmic and cardiac death, respectively. Conclusions— SAECG is a powerful predictor of poor outcomes in this population. The noninvasive combination of an abnormal SAECG and reduced EF may have utility in selecting high-risk patients for intervention.
Reduction of number and duration of hypoglycemic events by glucose prediction methods: a proof-of-concept in silico study.

BACKGROUND Hypoglycemia prevention is one of the major challenges in diabetes research. Recently, it has been suggested that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-based short-term glucose prediction algorithms could be exploited to generate alerts when hypoglycemia is forecasted, allowing the patient to take appropriate countermeasures to avoid/mitigate the event. However, quantifying the potential benefits of prediction in terms of reduction of number/duration of hypoglycemia requires an in silico assessment that is the object of the present article. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for 50 virtual subjects were generated by using the University of Virginia/Padova type 1 diabetes simulator (54-h monitoring), made more credible by adding realistic measurement noise and perturbations of meals and insulin injections. CGM was assumed to be well calibrated. Occurrence and duration of hypoglycemic events were compared in three scenarios: (1) hypoglycemia was not recognized and not dealt with; (2) 15 g of carbohydrates was ingested when CGM crossed the hypoglycemia threshold; or (3) 15 g of carbohydrates was ingested when the 30-min ahead-of-time CGM prediction crossed the hypoglycemia threshold. The effectiveness of alerts was investigated also in the case of delayed/absent ingestion of carbohydrates. RESULTS In Scenario 1, each virtual subject spent 17.7% of the time in the hypoglycemic range, with a median of four events of 120 min in the 54-h period monitored. In Scenario 2, the time spent in hypoglycemia was reduced to 4.7% (four events of 40 min). In Scenario 3, the time spent in hypoglycemia was further reduced to 1.2% (one event of 15 min). Absent/delayed patient's responses to alerts slightly increase these percentages, but improvements remain significant. CONCLUSIONS This in silico proof-of-concept study demonstrates that using predicted rather than measured CGM allows a significant reduction of the number of hypoglycemic events and the time spent in hypoglycemic range both by 75%, stimulating further research and clinical investigation on the generation of preventive hypoglycemic alerts exploiting glucose prediction methods.
Geopolítica y governance de los hidrocarburos

El devenir del mercado mundial de los hidrocarburos es una de los temas fundamentales de la geopolitica energetica mundial. En el tentativo de dilucidar sus dinamicas, se abordara un complejo abanico de temas: la situacion de la oferta y la demanda, la discordancia entre ambas y las repercusiones sobre el futuro del precio del petroleo; les mecanismos del comercio internacional de energia, ligado a la seguridad energetica, los denominados choke points y el fenomeno de los fondos soberanos "energeticos"; y finalmente el panorama de las inversiones, la tecnologia y las innovaciones. El trabajo concluira con algunas consideraciones acerca de la importancia de una governance efectiva mundial energetica.
Generation of flat supercontinuum for time-stretched analog-to-digital converters

Flat supercontinuum (SC) generation with less than 1 dB fluctuation in the telecommunication band is demonstrated using a regenerative active mode-locked fiber laser together with a dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear fiber. Such SC is highly desirable in the context of a photonic time-stretched ADC system due to its flatness, bandwidth and brightness. Experimental results presented here agree well with the simulations.
Getting to know the Y generation

The profile of the tourism industry is characterized by multigenerational visitors and a multigenerational workforce. A major shift in the balance of generational dominance is currently occurring, with the 'Baby Boomer' generation exiting the leadership roles in the workforce and the Y Generation dramatically entering, both in the workforce and as visitors. According to generational theory, each generation brings with them somewhat predictable traits, values and beliefs, along with skills, attributes, capacities, interests, expectations and preferred modus operandi directly attributable to their generational location. For the tourism industry, insights gained through the lens of generational theory has the potential to guide the incentives, the motivators, the leadership models and the overall culture of the profession to better connect with the Y Generation as the most recent members of the tourism workforce and as the current and future visitor market. This chapter sets out to provide some foundations around the concept of generations, discuss the demography and unique character traits of members of the Y Generation by drawing on a renowned generational theorist, and begin to consider this cohort as tourism, consumers. This chapter will thus serve as a platform for the following chapters in the book.