Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing Infections on Different Graph Topologies

The history of infections and epidemics holds famous examples where understanding, containing, and ultimately treating an outbreak began with understanding its mode of spread. Influenza, HIV, and most computer viruses spread person to person, device to device, and through contact networks; Cholera, Cancer, and seasonal allergies, on the other hand, do not. In this paper, we study two fundamental questions of detection. First, given a snapshot view of a (perhaps vanishingly small) fraction of those infected, under what conditions is an epidemic spreading via contact (e.g., Influenza), distinguishable from a random illness operating independently of any contact network (e.g., seasonal allergies)? Second, if we do have an epidemic, under what conditions is it possible to determine which network of interactions is the main cause of the spread-the causative network-without any knowledge of the epidemic, other than the identity of a minuscule subsample of infected nodes? The core, therefore, of this paper, is to obtain an understanding of the diagnostic power of network information. We derive sufficient conditions that networks must satisfy for these problems to be identifiable, and produce efficient, highly scalable algorithms that solve these problems. We show that the identifiability condition we give is fairly mild, and in particular, is satisfied by two common graph topologies: the d-dimensional grid, and the Erdös-Renyi graphs.
How Do House Prices Affect Consumption? Evidence from Micro Data

Housing is a major component of wealth. Since house prices fluctuate considerably over time, it is important to understand how these fluctuations affect households' consumption decisions. Rising house prices may stimulate consumption by increasing households' perceived wealth, or by relaxing borrowing constraints. This paper investigates the response of household consumption to house prices using UK micro data. We estimate the largest effect of house prices on consumption for older homeowners, and the smallest effect, insignificantly different from zero, for younger renters. This finding is consistent with heterogeneity in the wealth effect across these groups. In addition, we find that regional house prices affect regional consumption growth. Predictable changes in house prices are correlated with predictable changes in consumption, particularly for households that are more likely to be borrowing constrained, but this effect is driven by national rather than regional house prices and is important for renters as well as homeowners, suggesting that UK house prices are correlated with aggregate financial market conditions.
Distributed Algorithms for Network Lifetime Maximization in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

Network lifetime maximization is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks since each sensor has a limited energy supply. In contrast with conventional sensor networks, video sensor nodes compress the video before transmission. The encoding process demands a high power consumption, and thus raises a great challenge to the maintenance of a long network lifetime. In this paper, we examine a strategy for maximizing the network lifetime in wireless visual sensor networks by jointly optimizing the source rates, the encoding powers, and the routing scheme. Fully distributed algorithms are developed using the Lagrangian duality to solve the lifetime maximization problem. We also examine the relationship between the collected video quality and the maximal network lifetime. Through extensive numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve a much longer network lifetime compared to the scheme optimized for the conventional wireless sensor networks.
Cemented versus uncemented fixation in total hip replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The optimal method of fixation for primary total hip replacements (THR), particularly fixation with or without the use of cement is still controversial. In a systematic review and metaanalysis of all randomized controlled trials comparing cemented versus uncemented THRS available in the published literature, we found that there is no significant difference between cemented and uncemented THRs in terms of implant survival as measured by the revision rate. Better short-term clinical outcome, particularly an improved pain score can be obtained with cemented fixation. However, the results are unclear for the long-term clinical and functional outcome between the two groups. No difference was evident in the mortality and the post operative complication rate. On the other hand, the radiographic findings were variable and do not seem to correlate with clinical findings as differences in the surgical technique and prosthesis design might be associated with the incidence of osteolysis. We concluded in our review that cemented THR is similar if not superior to uncemented THR, and provides better short term clinical outcomes. Further research, improved methodology and longer follow up are necessary to better define specific subgroups of patients in whom the relative benefits of cemented and uncemented implant fixation can be clearly demonstrated.
Nanostructure and nanomechanics of stomatopod cuticle

Crustacean cuticle has attracted extensive attention for biomimetic purposes due to its outstanding mechanical properties including high toughness and stiffness. The mantis shrimp (stomatopod) telson is an extreme example, structurally optimized for dynamic loading at high impact forces. Alpha-chitin fibrillar building blocks play a key role in determining the overall mechanical properties due to its hierarchical design across all length scales. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with in-situ mechanical testing was employed to investigate the structural and mechanical responses in telson cuticle at different hierarchical levels. The stomatopod tergite was used as a reference to learn how the structural and mechanical design will be correlated to the morphological changes in telson. In the thesis, we developed a novel three dimensional fibre orientation reconstruction method using mathematical models. The method was used to determine the orientation and intensity distributions of both the in-plane and out-ofplane mineralised chitin fibres from the two dimensional synchrotron X-ray diffraction scans collected from telson and tergite samples. Subsequently, in-situ tensile tests were performed on tergite cuticle to study the deformation and reorientation mechanisms of chitin fibres in the Bouligand layers comprising the bulk of the tergite, by tracing the variation of lattice spacing of the (002) peaks (along fibril direction) and (110) peaks (perpendicular to the fibril) found in the X-ray diffraction spectrum of α-Chitin. Finally, in-situ four-point bending tests were conducted to study how morphological changes contribute to the nanomechanical properties of telson across the entire tissue
Winding Temperature Field Model Considering Void Ratio and Temperature Rise of a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor With High Current Density

This paper presents an equivalent winding model of a small and medium permanent-magnet synchronous motor. The model considers fill factor and void ratio. To verify the model, two winding samples are made. One is annular and adopts ordinary enameled wires. The other is circle but adopts self-adhesion wires. Temperature rises of the winding samples supplied with different current densities are tested. The calculated and tested results were compared. The equivalent winding model is also used for the temperature calculation of a 6-pole/9-slot permanent magnet synchronous motor. The influence of fill factor and void ratio on the temperature rise of the motor is investigated, as well as two overload short time states are compared. Comparing with ignoring the effect of the void ratio, the winding temperature estimation error reduces about 5 °C. Finally, winding temperature rises of a prototype are tested. The results can provide some references for choosing a reasonable current density and improving the accuracy of motor temperature estimation.
Hostile takeover: how tumours hijack pre‐existing vascular environments to thrive

An increasing body of evidence suggests that solid tumours do not require the generation of new blood vessels, i.e. angiogenesis, to successfully grow, and to colonize normal tissue. Instead, many tumour cells make the best use of what they find: pre‐existing blood vessels of the host. In these cases, the host vasculature is incorporated by the growing tumour, resulting in a new organ consisting of malignant and non‐malignant cell types. In consequence, pre‐existing vessels are exploited by the tumour for optimal access to oxygen and nutrients. In this perspective article, the argument is made that tumour cells might gain even more: that is, access to the very special microenvironment of the perivascular niche. Here, specific cues for invasion, metastasis, survival, stem‐like features, dormancy and, potentially, also immune escape exist – for non‐malignant and malignant cells alike. The consequence of the hijacking of normal blood vessels and their perivascular niches by tumours is that antiangiogenic agents have little chance to work, and that tumour cells are better protected from the adverse effects of cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Thus, disturbing vascular hijacking could make tumours less resistant to established therapies. Concepts of how to do this are just starting to be explored. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Mathematical Model of the Cardiovascular System under Exercise

A mathematical model, based on our previous pulsatile nonlinear multi-element cardiovascular model, was tested and improved to study cardiovascular response under graded exercise levels. Ten healthy subjects were studied using cycle-ergometry exercise test with constant workloads ranging from 25 Watt to 125 Watt. Breath by breath gas exchange, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and blood pressure were measured at each stage. Based on the experimental data, firstly we proved that our previous model is capable to regenerate the cardiovascular variables observed in the subjects under different exercise levels. Secondly, we improved the model by incorporating a robust and efficient function to estimate metabolic demand. Then the new model can estimate both cardiovascular variables and metabolic demand with its simulation results within the range of SD (Standard Deviation, N=10) of the experimental data.
Early arthritis induces disturbances at bone nanostructural level reflected in decreased tissue hardness in an animal model of arthritis

Introduction Arthritis induces joint erosions and skeletal bone fragility. Objectives The main goal of this work was to analyze the early arthritis induced events at bone architecture and mechanical properties at tissue level. Methods Eighty-eight Wistar rats were randomly housed in experimental groups, as follows: adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) (N = 47) and a control healthy group (N = 41). Rats were monitored during 22 days for the inflammatory score, ankle perimeter and body weight and sacrificed at different time points (11 and 22 days post disease induction). Bone samples were collected for histology, micro computed tomography (micro-CT), 3-point bending and nanoindentation. Blood samples were also collected for bone turnover markers and systemic cytokine quantification. Results At bone tissue level, measured by nanoindentation, there was a reduction of hardness in the arthritic group, associated with an increase of the ratio of bone concentric to parallel lamellae and of the area of the osteocyte lacuna. In addition, increased bone turnover and changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties were observed in arthritic animals, since the early phase of arthritis, when compared with healthy controls. Conclusion We have shown in an AIA rat model that arthritis induces very early changes at bone turnover, structural degradation and mechanical weakness. Bone tissue level is also affected since the early phase of arthritis, characterized by decreased tissue hardness associated with changes in bone lamella organization and osteocyte lacuna surface. These observations highlight the pertinence of immediate control of inflammation in the initial stages of arthritis.
A balanced approach to high-level verification: performance trade-offs in verifying large-scale multiprocessors

A single node of a modern scalable multiprocessor consists of several ASICs comprising tens of millions of gates. This level of integration and complexity imposes an enormous onus on the verification process. A variety of tools, ranging from discrete-event logic simulation to formal model checking, can be used to attack this problem. Unfortunately, conventional simulation techniques, with their primitive interface to the hardware (i.e. test vectors), are inadequate tools for reasoning about the correctness of complex architectural features, such as cache coherence protocols and memory consistency models. Similarly, model checkers offer very limited utility on such large designs. We have previously proposed a novel verification framework, called Raven, that addresses many of these challenges. In this paper we examine the performance implications of verifying systems at higher levels of abstraction. A detailed performance analysis is conducted to compare this higher-level approach against an equivalent Verilog test bench. We establish lower and upper bounds on the performance of the Raven environment executing on a single-processor on a set of distributed processors, and on a shared-memory multiprocessor.
A Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Protein That Forms Inhibitory Complexes with Type I Interferon Receptor Subunits, Jak and STAT Proteins, and Blocks Interferon-Mediated Signal Transduction

ABSTRACT Type I interferons (IFNs) are important mediators of innate antiviral defense and function by activating a signaling pathway through their cognate type I receptor (IFNAR). Here we report that lytic replication of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) efficiently blocks type I IFN signaling and that an important effector of this blockade is the viral protein RIF, the product of open reading frame 10. RIF blocks IFN signaling by formation of inhibitory complexes that contain IFNAR subunits, the Janus kinases Jak1 and Tyk2, and the STAT2 transcription factor. Activation of both Tyk2 and Jak1 is inhibited, and abnormal recruitment of STAT2 to IFNAR1 occurs despite the decrement in Tyk2 activity. As a result of these actions, phosphorylation of both STAT2 and STAT1 is impaired, with subsequent failure of ISGF3 accumulation in the nucleus. The presence in the viral genome of potent inhibitors of type I IFN signaling, along with several viral genes that block IFN induction, highlights the importance of the IFN pathway in the control of this human tumor virus infection.
Monitoring semantics: a formal framework for specifying, implementing, and reasoning about execution monitors

We introduce monitoring semantics, a non-standard model of program execution that captures “monitoring activity” as found in debuggers, profilers, tracers, etc. A monitoring semantics is a conservative extension of a language’s standard dena,tational semantics, and is parameteri? ed with respect to specifications of monitoring activity. 13eyond its theoretical interest, monitoring semantics forms a practical baais for building effective monitors, with standard partial evaluation techniques being used as a key optimization strategy. In particular, specializing a monitorim g semantics with respect to a source program amounts to removing the interpretive overhead associated with the static aspects of monitoring, yielding an instrumented program in which the extra code to perform monitoring actions has been automatically ‘embedded” into the program. A. monitoring semantics can be automatically derived for any language for which a continuation semantics specific~ tion has been provided. This is achieved by using functional toembed non-standard behavior at all levels of recursion. We illustrate the approach for a higher-order functional language, showing examples of several different monitor specifications, including benchmarks of their implementations. ~’his research wss supported by DARPA grant NOO014.SS-K-0573 and a DARPA sub-contract from Software Options, Inc. Perrniseion to copy without fee all or pert of thie meterial is granted provided thet the copies ere not mede or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice end the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machine~. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. e 1991 ACM 0-89791 -428 -7/91 /0005 /0338 . $1 . 50 [z Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN ’91 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation Taronto, Ontario, Canada, June 26-28, 1991.
Evaluation of the response to vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine in pediatric patients diagnosed with celiac disease

Background: A gap exists in the literature on celiac disease populations and the response to hepatitis B vaccination. Objective: To identify pediatric patients with celiac disease who received the primary hepatitis B vaccination and investigate their response to vaccine. Design/Methods: Patients underwent blood draw for hepatitis B surface antibody titers. Patients with undetectable or non-protective HBsAb titers were contacted. Study outcome measures and patient characteristics variables were summarized by means, standard deviations, medians, and ranges. A two-sample t-test was used to compare normally distributed continuous variables between responders and non-responders. Results: In all, 58% of patients did not meet the threshold for “protective” antibody titers. The mean time between completion of hepatitis B vaccination and diagnosis of celiac disease was 8.1 years for responders versus 10.5 years for non-responders. In a multivariate analysis, time between completion of vaccine and diagnosis of celiac disease was statistically significant predictor of response with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.50–0.95; p = 0.021). Conclusion: Our celiac disease population shows a high hepatitis B vaccine failure. The time between completion of vaccine series and diagnosis of celiac disease is an independent predictor for response.
> Replace This Line with Your Paper Identification Number (double-click Here to Edit) < Abstract—wireless Vision Sensor Networks (wvsns) Consist of a Number of Wireless Vision Sensor Nodes (vsns) Which Have

limited resources i.e. energy, memory, processing and wireless bandwidth. The processing and communication energy requirements of individual VSN have been a challenge because of limited energy availability. To meet this challenge, we have proposed and implemented a programmable and energy efficient VSN architecture which has lower energy requirements and has a reduced design complexity. In the proposed system, vision tasks are partitioned between the hardware implemented VSN and a server. The initial data dominated tasks are implemented on the VSN while the control dominated complex tasks are processed on a server. This strategy will reduce both the processing energy consumption and the design complexity. The communication energy consumption is reduced by implementing a lightweight bi-level video coding on the VSN. The energy consumption is measured on real hardware for different applications and proposed VSN is compared against published systems. The results show that, depending on the application, the energy consumption can be reduced by a factor of approximately 1.5 up to 376 as compared to VSN without the bi-level video coding. The proposed VSN offers energy efficient, generic architecture with smaller design complexity on hardware reconfigurable platform and offers easy adaptation for a number of applications as compared to published systems.
Theoretical Analysis of Selective Relaying, Cooperative Multi-Hop Networks with Fairness Constraints

We consider the problem of selective relaying in multi-hop networks. At each slot, a relay and a node along the optimal non-cooperative path are opportunistically selected to transmit to the next-hop node in a cooperative manner. Being a promising scheme for fair resource allocation, the proportional fair scheduling (PFS) algorithm provides excellent balance between throughput and fairness via multi-user diversity and game-theoretic equilibrium. To maximize the overall utility along a cooperative multi-hop path, we apply the proportional fair (PF) criterion in selecting nodes and relays for cooperative transmission. Furthermore, we analyze and provide an analytical expression for end-to-end throughput of an opportunistic relaying, cooperative multi-hop path with proportional fairness constraints over a Rayleigh flat-fading channel. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a closed-form expression is obtained for the throughput of a proportional fair relaying, cooperative multi-hop path. This research is an extension of previous theoretical work on PF for cellular networks.
On the operation of massive MIMO with and without transmitter CSI

The paper considers the issue of activating inactive terminals by control signaling in the downlink in a massive MIMO system. There are two basic difficulties with this. First, the lack of CSI at the transmitter. Second, the short coherence interval, which limits the number of orthogonal pilots in the case of many antennas. The proposed scheme deals with these issues by repeating the transmission over the antennas. We show that this repetition does not affect the spectral efficiency significantly, while making it possible to estimate the channel in a standard way using MMSE. The paper also sheds some light the uplink-downlink power balance in massive MIMO.
Automatic annotating SRRs from web databases using Naive Bayes approach

The number of web databases are increasing progressively day-by-day and are web accessible through HTML- based form. The data units that are encoded in the search result web page are in a particular structure and unstructured format and are needed for human browsing for applications like, comparison shopping, to rate a web resource, deep web collection etc. So, for machine processing, it is needed to extract all data units at one place and assign semantic labels accurately to the retrieved data units. In this paper, an automatic annotation system is introduced in which the data units from SRRs are extracted, automatic semantic labels are obtained from the data units extracted and the values of the attributes are aligned accurately under the semantic label. To improve the automatic generation of annotations, Naive Bayes machine learning classifier is used. Our results obtained shows that use of proposed system contributes to achieve accurate results.