Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Physical Education

The Nature and Purposes of Physical Education Policy and Physical Educatiion The 'State' of Physical Education Extra-Curricular Physical Education Assessment and Examinations in Physical Education Health and Physical Education Youth Sport and Physical Education Gender and Physical Education Social Class and Physical Education Ethnicity and Physical Education Disability and Physical Education Teaching Physical Education
The Nasdaq Volatility Index During and After the Bubble

The VIX index of implied volatilities for OEX index options was introduced in the early 1990s and is widely followed as an investor “fear index. ” This article examines the VXN, a similar volatility index for Nasdaq 100 options, over a period that includes both the inflation of the Internet “bubble” and its bursting. If the VXN is the market’s best estimate of the future volatility of the Nasdaq 100 index, it should be an unbiased forecast of subsequent realized volatility. But if the VXN represents a “fear index,” it will reflect variations in investors’ emotions, for example rising after a sharp market drop to reflect heightened concern and an increase in investors’ demand to buy put options. It may also be influenced by technical indicators of market direction. Simon finds that even after correcting for the effect of a little-known built-in bias in the way it is constructed, the VXN averages about 7-1/2 percentage points higher than subsequent realized volatility. It also shows a strong asymmetrical response to positive and negative index returns, as has been found in other implied volatility studies. A GARCH model fitted to the returns on the actual index also reveals an asymmetrical response of volatility to returns, but much smaller than for the VXN. The evidence suggests that implied volatilities from options on the Nasdaq 100 index reflect the stochastic properties of the index itself, but they also show behavior that appears to be more closely related to investor sentiment.
The Eighteenth-Century British Reviews of Hume's Writings

Mise a jour des bibliographies chronologiques des revues anglaises du XVIII e siecle faisant paraitre les oeuvres de D. Hume. Retracant l'histoire de ces journaux europeens depuis la fin du XVII e siecle, l'A. apporte de nouvelles references qui ne figurent pas dans la liste etablie par T. E. Jessop en 1938
Scale Up Event Extraction Learning via Automatic Training Data Generation

The task of event extraction has long been investigated in a supervised learning paradigm, which is bound by the number and the quality of the training instances. Existing training data must be manually generated through a combination of expert domain knowledge and extensive human involvement. However, due to drastic efforts required in annotating text, the resultant datasets are usually small, which severally affects the quality of the learned model, making it hard to generalize. Our work develops an automatic approach for generating training data for event extraction. Our approach allows us to scale up event extraction training instances from thousands to hundreds of thousands, and it does this at a much lower cost than a manual approach. We achieve this by employing distant supervision to automatically create event annotations from unlabelled text using existing structured knowledge bases or tables.We then develop a neural network model with post inference to transfer the knowledge extracted from structured knowledge bases to automatically annotate typed events with corresponding arguments in text.We evaluate our approach by using the knowledge extracted from Freebase to label texts from Wikipedia articles. Experimental results show that our approach can generate a large number of highquality training instances. We show that this large volume of training data not only leads to a better event extractor, but also allows us to detect multiple typed events.
A meta-analysis of rates of return to agricultural R&D : ex pede Herculem?

IFPRI has long argued that spending on agricultural research constitutes a sound investment in poverty reduction and agricultural and economic growth, through improvements in productivity. This argument is based partly on the reported evidence of high rates of return to agricultural research, typically believed to be in the range of 40–60 percent per year. Yet there continues to be controversy over whether these figures are to be believed, and over what they actually indicate. This study represents the first attempt to take a comprehensive look at all the available evidence on rates of return to investments in agricultural R&D since 1953, and the only attempt to do so in a formal statistical fashion. This report has compiled and documented the literature in ways that make it more accessible and more useful to other researchers and policymakers, as well as others interested in the evidence. The analysis reveals some systematic patterns and some sources of biases that make it easier to interpret the evidence and draw meaningful conclusions. (Excerpted from Summary by Per Pinstrup-Andersen)
Revealing the impact of index traders on commodity futures markets

Commodity futures prices and volatility increased dramatically from 2006 to 2008, following a period during which index traders, a class of large investment funds, took on massive commodity futures positions. This article presents a method to reveal the extent to which index trader trading activity (volume) might have caused increases in futures price volatility. This approach is useful when position-level data are incomplete or confidential, as with index trader position data. The method is applied to leading agricultural commodity futures data. The impact of index traders is identified during their period of greatest activity, that is, 2005 to 2006, using aggregated volume data that are filtered using wavelet transforms. The filtering decision rule is guided by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission's (CFTC) finding that index traders do not engage in short-run trades. A joint model of futures (filtered) volume and (unfiltered) price volatility is estimated by 2SLS to account for the endogeneity of prices and volume. As a robustness check, both log-range and GARCH measures of volatility are used. The evidence provides no support for the claim that index traders have increased price volatility for storable commodities (grains/oilseeds) and only weak support in the case of nonstorable commodities (meats).
Learning and re-learning regime support: The dynamics of post-communist regimes

Abstract. The political support of citizens of new democracies reflects two sets of experiences. Initially, people are socialized into an undemocratic regime; then, they must re-learn political support in relation to a new regime. In an established democracy, it is difficult to disentangle the effect of early socialization and current performance because both refer to the same regime. However, this is both possible and necessary in countries where there has been a change in regime. Critical questions then arise: When, whether and how do citizens determine their support for their new regime? At the start of a new regime past socialization should be more important but, after a few years, current performance should become more important. We draw on 47 Barometer surveys between 1991 and 1998 in ten more or less democratic post-communist regimes of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union to test the relative importance of early socialization influences, the legacy of the communist past, and the political and economic performance of new regimes. We find that economic and political performance explains the most variance in support and, secondarily, the communist legacy. Early socialization is insignificant. However, contrary to economic theories of voting, the impact of political performance is greater than the impact of economic performance in post-communist countries – and its impact is increasing.
Investigating the effects of control lines on a frequency reconfigurable patch antenna

The objective of the paper is to investigate the effects of metallic control lines on a frequency reconfigurable patch antenna. The designed antenna resonates at 3 different frequencies in range of 3–4GHz. Simulation and measurement results of return loss with and without control lines are presented. We have also discussed the challenges of implementing the bias lines.
Transfer function‐matched capacitor‐current sensing and its circuit implementation for high‐frequency power converters

It would effectively achieve a fast load transient response in switching‐mode power converters when introducing capacitor current into the feedback control loop. In these schemes, an accurate and rapid sensing of capacitor current is crucial in the control circuit design. On this issue, a paralleled nonintrusive sensing scheme for capacitor current is proposed in this paper, which is implemented by matching the transfer functions of the sensing circuit and the sensed capacitor branch. With the proposed transfer function matching approach, 4 possible circuit topologies are derived in theory, and on this basis, a parameter design flow chart is given for 2 of candidate topologies. With the application of the proposed capacitor‐current sensing circuit to a constant‐frequency hysteresis controlled Buck converter, a fast and accurate sensing of capacitor current is achieved in experiment, as well as a fast load transient response.
Labour Absorption with Import-Substituting Industrialization: An Examination of Elasticities of Substitution in the Brazilian Manufacturing Sector

In the less developed countries employment generation has emerged as a major problem. Those countries characterized by import substituting industrialization have been especially unable to expand employment opportunities, and their industrialization has been capital intensive in nature. Two different explanations for the failure of import substituting industrialization to absorb labor have been put forth. One school of thought Stresses the structural characteristics of industrialization, while an alternative explanation focuses on distortions in the factor markets. Much of this controversy implicitly revolves around the magnitude of the elasticities of Substitution — the "structural critic" school maintaining very Iow, or zero, elasticities of Substitution and the "market critic" school implying relatively high elasticities of Substitution. The CES production function is fitted to a regional cross-section of twenty-two Brazilian industries. The OLS estimates, made from 1960 industrial census data, show elasticities of Substitution ranging from . 44 to 2.67 with over 50 percent of those estimated falling between . 8 and 1.1. For the total manufacturing sector the elasticity of Substitution (estimated across states) was 1.0. The relatively high estimated elasticities of Substitution provide Support for the "market critic" school. Using the production function estimates to generate factor demand functions, the importance of factor market distortions is indicated. Distortions in the Brazilian labor market are quantified and, assuming their removal, a Iower bound estimate of the resulting employment generation is made, amounting to an increase of 11.4 percent in total manufacturing employment. Because of data limitations and the difficulties in quantification, no similar estimates were made regarding the capital market distortions.
Metabolic Tumor Volume Change Predicts Long-term Survival and Histological Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer.

OBJECTIVE Here, we assess the ability of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) as measured by F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) to evaluate neoadjuvant chemotherapy response for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC). BACKGROUND Optimal methods to evaluate treatment response for EC patients have not yet been established. Although previous studies have reported the value of standardized uptake value (SUV), the accuracy of predicting histological response or long-term survival in EC is limited. METHODS In all, 102 EC patients without distant metastasis who underwent F-FDG PET/CT both before and after the preoperative chemotherapy series were analyzed. RESULTS The median primary tumor MTV values before and after preoperative chemotherapy were 22.55 (range 0.4-183.1) and 2.75 (0-52.9), respectively, and the median MVT reduction rate was 86.5%. We found the most significant difference in survival between PET responders and nonresponders with a cut-off value of 60% MTV reduction, using a 10% stepwise cut-off analysis [2-year progression-free survival (PFS): 79.2 vs 44.4%; hazard ratio (HR) 3.397; P < 0.0001). With this cut-off value, histological response (P = 0.0091), tumor location (P = 0.0102), pT (P = 0.0011), and pN (P = 0.0110) were significantly associated with PET response. Univariate analysis of PFS indicated a correlation between PFS and tumor size, cT, decrease of primary lesion by CT, SUVmax reduction rate, MTV reduction rate, pT, pN, and pM. Multivariate analysis further identified pM and MTV reduction rate to be independent prognostic predictors (HR 2.471; P = 0.0263), but not decrease of primary lesion by CT or SUVmax reduction rate (HR 3.063; P = 0.0279). CONCLUSION MTV change is clinically useful in predicting both long-term survival and histological response to preoperative chemotherapy in EC patients, after determining the optimal cut-off value based on survival analysis.
Hedging Interest Rate Margins on Demand Deposits

This paper deals with risk mitigation of interest rate margins related to a bank's demand deposits. We assume the demand deposit evolution to be related to both interest rates and some exogenous factor which can be interpreted as business risk or model risk. We subsequently discuss the tradeoff between the alleviation of interest rate risk and the excess return due to investing in longer term assets. We take the viewpoint of an asset and liability manager, dealing with interest rate derivatives and focusing on the bank's net operating income. We firstly derive static hedging strategies in a mean-variance framework. We compare them with dynamic investment strategies. We firstly study the case of demand deposits bearing a rate which is an affine function of the market rate. We prove that the optimal hedging risk profile involves a semi-static replication of Libor exotic options, thus revealing the hidden optionality in demand deposits and paving the way for low transaction cost hedging strategies. Finally, we derive dynamic optimal strategies when the deposit rate follows some more complex function of the market rate and we show their robustness with respect to other risk measures. We also consider the possibility of bank runs and the required changes in optimal strategies.
For better or for worse? An analysis of how flexible working practices influence employees' perceptions of job quality

This article is concerned with examining the relationship between flexible working practices and employee perceptions of job quality. In recent years a growing number of employers in the UK has introduced flexible working options for employees in response to increasing concerns over work–life balance and the desire to be seen as an ‘employer of choice’. At the same time there has been considerable policy debate among European Union (EU) members over job quality and the need to create not only more but better jobs. It might be expected that since flexible working affords a degree of choice to employees, it would impact positively on their perceptions of job quality. However, to date few studies have explicitly examined how flexible working can contribute to job quality. Where studies have examined outcomes relevant to aspects of job quality, the evidence is somewhat inconclusive. The research reported in this article was designed to explore how experiences of flexible working have influenced employees' perceptions of a range of job quality dimensions. The findings show a generally strong, positive relationship between flexible working and perceptions of job quality, but also that there are perceived costs to job quality, particularly in relation to longer term opportunities for development and progression, suggesting that the relationship is more complex.
Stochastic Volatilities and Correlations of Bond Yields

I develop an interest rate model with separate factors driving innovations in bond yields and their covariances. It features a flexible and tractable affine structure for bond covariances. Maximum likelihood estimation of the model with panel data on swaptions and discount bonds implies pricing errors for swaptions that are almost always lower than half of the bid-ask spread. Furthermore, market prices of interest rate caps do not deviate significantly from their no-arbitrage values implied by the swaptions under the model. These findings support the conjectures of Collin-Dufresne and Goldstein (2003) , Dai and Singleton (2003) , and Jagnnathan, Kaplin, and Sun (2003) . Copyright 2007 by The American Finance Association.
Enteroendocrine, Musashi 1 and neurogenin 3 cells in the large intestine of Thai and Norwegian patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract Objectives: The prevalence, gender distribution and clinical presentation of IBS differ between Asian and Western countries. This study aimed at studying and comparing enteroendocrine, Musashi 1 (Msi 1) and neurogenin 3 (neurog 3) cells in Thai and Norwegian IBS patients. Material and methods: Thirty Thai and 61 Norwegian IBS patients as well as 20 Thai and 24 Norwegian controls were included. Biopsy samples were taken from each of the sigmoid colon and the rectum during a standard colonoscopy. The samples were immunostained for serotonin, peptide YY, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, Msi 1 and neurog 3. The densities of immunoreactive cells were determined with computerized image analysis. Results: The densities of several enteroendocrine cell types were altered in both the colon and rectum of both Thai and Norwegian IBS patients. Some of these changes were similar in Thai and Norwegian IBS patients, while others differed. Conclusions: The findings of abnormal densities of the enteroendocrine cells in Thai patients support the notion that enteroendocrine cells are involved in the pathophysiology of IBS. The present observations highlight that IBS differs in Asian and Western countries, and show that the changes in large-intestine enteroendocrine cells in Thai and Norwegian IBS patients might be caused by different mechanisms.
Insulation defects in Riata implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads.

BACKGROUND The structures composing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads have become more complicated and thinner with technological advances. Silicon insulation defects with and without clinically manifested electrical abnormalities have been reported in Riata leads (St. Jude Medical). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and clinical implications of insulation defects in Riata leads implanted at our hospital. METHODS The subjects included 10 consecutive patients who received 8-French Riata ICD leads with dual-coil conductors (model 1580 or 1581) between 2006 and 2010 at our hospital. Operative records, chest X-rays and interrogation data were reviewed. RESULTS In all cases, Atlas+ (St. Jude Medical) was used as an ICD generator and the Riata leads were implanted transvenously and fixed to the right ventricular apex. During a mean follow-up period of 52±9 (36-70) months, chest X-rays revealed insulation defects in Riata leads and conductor wires projecting from the bodies of the Riata leads in two of 10 (20%) patients. One of the patients received inappropriate ICD therapies due to T-wave oversensing based on attenuation of R waves and augmentation of T waves 41 months after implantation. In the other patient, an insulation defect without any clinically manifested electrical troubles was detected 50 months after implantation. CONCLUSION Riata leads have a high incidence of insulation defects, which may be occasionally accompanied by inappropriate ICD discharges. For patients with Riata leads, careful observation of any changes in the lead-electrical measurements and a routine chest X-ray follow-up are necessary.
Mobile edge computing with network resource slicing for Internet-of-Things

Network slicing is an end-to-end concept that encompasses network functions, radio accesses, and clouds for enabling customized information-centric Internet-of-Things (IoT) services. The key idea is to virtualize all the resources from radio accesses to IoT service layers, so that IoT service providers can automate resource provisioning and management for users. This paper introduces the recent standards effort on network slicing for IoT in various standards bodies such as 3 GPP, NGMN, IETF, ET SI and oneM2M. In particular, standards activities on ET SI Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), NGMN and 3GPP Network Slicing and Virtualization, IETF slicing on transport networks and oneM2M IoT service layer resource slicing are introduced. Finally, this paper proposes a novel Edge Computing architecture customizing required network resources at the edge cloud, as close to users as possible, to minimize network signaling overhead in providing optimal IoT services.
Membership, Influence and Voice: A Discussion of Trade Union Renewal in the French Context

Union density in France has fallen to exceptionally low levels, yet unions are able to mobilise millions of supporters against government austerity measures. Some authors therefore argue that the union revitalisation literature overemphasises density over other power resources. The article first confirms the decline of density and the scale of the challenges unions face in organising in the face of restructuring and casualisation. Second, it is argued that unions have retained some policy influence by forming strategic alliances among themselves, although pressures for fragmentation remain strong. Third, unions' mobilising capacity indicates the need to find new ways of coordinating action at all levels. The article thus not only confirms the inadequacy of density alone as a measure of union vitality but also highlights the challenges, and some opportunities, facing unions in hostile economic conditions.
Social Media Marketing to Increase Brand Awareness

Social networks are becoming more and more widespread and they are literally conquering the World Wide Web. Facebook has managed to arrive even in poor and remote territories which apparently have nothing to do with our always on the move modern world. However, only on the African continent there are more than 100 million active Facebook users who represent 50% of the African population having access to Internet. Thus, it would be huge marketing mistake for businesses not to take into consideration this opportunity to get in touch with prospective customers (Neti, 2011). Social media is hot and has turned into a “must” for businesses looking for brand awareness. Therefore, the techniques used to attract customers by means of social networks have gained quite a high degree of sophistry (Neti, 2011). In an age in which the average internet user accesses his/her social network account at least fourteen times a day, companies cannot afford to be absent from this medium. The aim of the present paper is to present the concept and characteristics of social media and how it can be used in order to increase brand awareness.