Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic differentiation in Pacific cod using Pool‐Seq

Patterns of genetic differentiation across the genome can provide insight into selective forces driving adaptation. We used pooled whole genome sequencing, gene annotation, and environmental covariates to evaluate patterns of genomic differentiation and to investigate mechanisms responsible for divergence among proximate Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) populations from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands and more distant Washington Coast cod. Samples were taken from eight spawning locations, three of which were replicated to estimate consistency in allele frequency estimation. A kernel smoothing moving weighted average of relative divergence (FST) identified 11 genomic islands of differentiation between the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea samples. In some islands of differentiation, there was also elevated absolute divergence (dXY) and evidence for selection, despite proximity and potential for gene flow. Similar levels of absolute divergence (dXY) but roughly double the relative divergence (FST) were observed between the distant Bering Sea and Washington Coast samples. Islands of differentiation were much smaller than the four large inversions among Atlantic cod ecotypes. Islands of differentiation between the Bering Sea and Aleutian Island were associated with SNPs from five vision system genes, which can be associated with feeding, predator avoidance, orientation, and socialization. We hypothesize that islands of differentiation between Pacific cod from the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands provide evidence for adaptive differentiation despite gene flow in this commercially important marine species.
Toward a Comprehensive Model of Snow Crystal Growth: 5. Measurements of Changes in Attachment Kinetics from Background Gas Interactions at -5 C

We present measurements of the diffusion-limited growth of ice crystals from water vapor at a temperature of -5 C, in air at a pressure of $p_{air}=1$ bar. Starting with thin, c-axis ice needle crystals, the subsequent growth morphologies ranged from solid prismatic columns to hollow columns to complex "fishbone" dendritic structures as the supersaturation was increased. We modeled the simpler morphologies using analytical techniques together with a cellular-automata method that yields faceted crystalline structures in diffusion-limited growth. We found that the molecular attachment coefficient $\alpha_{prism}$ on faceted prism surfaces in air at -5 C is substantially lower than that measured at low background air pressure. Our data show that increasing $p_{air}$ from 0.01 to 1 bar reduces $\alpha_{prism}$ by nearly two orders of magnitude at this temperature. In contrast, we find that $\alpha_{basil}$ is essentially unaffected by air pressure over this range. These and other measurements indicate that ice surfaces near the melting point undergo a series of complex structural and dynamical changes with temperature that remain largely unexplained at even a qualitative level.
GRB jet beaming angle statistics

Existing theory and models suggest that a Type I (merger) GRB should have a larger jet beaming angle than a Type II (collapsar) GRB, but so far no statistical evidence is available to support this suggestion. In this paper, we obtain a sample of 37 beaming angles and calculate the probability that this is true. A correction is also devised to account for the scarcity of Type I GRBs in our sample. The probability is calculated to be 83% without the correction and 71% with it.
Research progress of content-based fabric image retrieval

The application of content-based image retrieval method aims at retrieving similar fabric images and obtaining the existing process parameters to guide production. The process of sample analysis, trial weaving, and proofing can be eliminated in sample imitation production to give full play to the advantages of historical production experience and improve the core competitiveness of enterprises. By investigating and analyzing the applications of content-based image retrieval method technology in fabric retrieval, this article provides a detailed classification and summary of the existing fabric retrieval methods using content-based image retrieval method from six aspects: image preprocessing, feature extraction, similarity measurement, retrieval strategy, dataset construction, and evaluation metrics in the common framework of content-based image retrieval method. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are analyzed and compared. Finally, the urgent problems and future research directions of fabric image retrieval are discussed, providing ideas for scholars to further study the retrieval methods. Taking fabric as the medium, this article combs the industrial application research and development process of content-based image retrieval method technology, which is helpful to understand the application examples of computer technology and provide research ideas for the application of different computer technologies in the textile industry.
Density-functional theory, finite-temperature classical maps, and their implications for foundational studies of quantum systems

The advent of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem in 1964, its extension to finite-T, Kohn-Sham theory, and relativistic extensions provide the well-established formalism of density-functional theory (DFT). This theory enables the calculation of all static properties of quantum systems without the need for an n-body wavefunction ψ. DFT uses the one-body density distribution instead of ψ. The more recent time-dependent formulations of DFT attempt to describe the time evolution of quantum systems without using the time-dependent wavefunction. Although DFT has become the standard tool of condensed-matter computational quantum mechanics, its foundational implications have remained largely unexplored. While all systems require quantum mechanics (QM) at T=0, the pair-distribution functions (PDFs) of such quantum systems have been accurately mapped into classical models at effective finite-T, and using suitable non-local quantum potentials (e.g., to mimic Pauli exclusion effects). These approaches shed light on the quantum → hybrid → classical models, and provide a new way of looking at the existence of non- local correlations without appealing to Bell's theorem. They also provide insights regarding Bohmian mechanics. Furthermore, macroscopic systems even at 1 Kelvin have de Broglie wavelengths in the micro-femtometer range, thereby eliminating macroscopic cat states, and avoiding the need for ad hoc decoherence models.
Three months-longitudinal changes in relative telomere length, blood chemistries, and self-report questionnaires in meditation practitioners compared to novice individuals during midlife

Aging accelerates during midlife. Researches have shown the health benefits of mind-body intervention (MBI). However, whether MBI is involved with aging process has not been well understood. In this study, we approach to examine the relations of MBI with this process by investigating an aging marker of the peripheral blood, blood chemistry, and self-report questionnaires. A quasi-experimental design was applied. Experienced MBI practitioners participated in a 3-month intensive meditation training, while the age, gender-matched MBI-naïve controls led a normal daily life. Measurements were taken at before and after the 3 months for relative telomere length (RTL), blood chemistry, and self-report questionnaires including items about sleep quality, somatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, stress, emotional intelligence (EI), and self-regulation. For RTL, the repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant group*time interaction (P = .013) with a significant post hoc result (P = .030) within the control group: RTL was significantly reduced in the control while it was maintained in the meditation group. In repeated measures analysis of variance for blood chemistries, there were significant group differences between the groups in glucose and total protein. In the post hoc comparison analysis, at post measurements, the meditation group exhibited significantly lower values than the control group in both glucose and total protein. There were significant group-wise differences in the correlations of RTL with triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Any of self-report results did not show significant changes in group*time interaction. However, there were group differences with significant (P < .05) or a tendency (.05 < P < .1) level. There were significant improvements in depression, stress and EI as well as tendencies of improvement in sleep quality and anxiety, in the meditation group compared to the control group. Our results suggest that meditation practice may have a potential to modify aging process in molecular cellular level combined with changes in psychological dimension.
Effect of cooking and canning on digestibility and antioxidant potential in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

Pulses because of their high protein content, have the potential for improving nutritional status and combating malnutrition. A study was carried out at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2019-20 to see the effects of cooking (boiling) and canning on protein digestibility and antioxidant potential on two contrasting genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ] for total protein content. The protein quality was assessed on the basis of essential amino acid score and protein digestibility in terms of Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). A pepsin-trypsin-chymotrypsin digestion followed by ninhydrin assay was performed to determine the digestibility. The seeds were boiled and canned in a canning solution of brine solution containing 1.3% (wt/vol) NaCl and 1.6% (wt/vol) sugar. PDCAAS (%) was higher in 'high' protein containing lines than 'low' protein containing lines in case of chickpea. However, no significant variation in PDCAAS % was found between 'low' and 'high' protein pigeon pea genotypes. The antioxidant activity (AOA) was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays and was found to increase in chickpea and pigeon pea genotypes after cooking and canning. Increased AOA in DPPH assay ranged from 62.80-94.69% and from 60.55-95.13% for the cooked and canned seeds respectively. The AOA measured by FRAP assay has shown similar results in the seeds after cooking and canning treatment which ranged from 0.82-13.42 μmol/g and from 2.63-15.71 μmol/g for cooked and canned seeds respectively. The AOA was increased in all the varieties, except in the cooked seeds of Kabuli genotypes.
Distribution, diversity, endemism, and ecology of Nymphalid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Loxicha Region, Oaxaca, Mexico

The Loxicha Region of Oaxaca, Mexico, has been historically important for the study of Nymphalidae, second in the Papilionoidea for species richness. Describing the diversity patterns of this butterfly clade in Loxicha can improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of the Sierra Madre del Sur, the Mexican Pacific slope, and Mexico in general. Objective: To describe the temporal and spatial patterns of Nymphalid diversity along an elevational gradient (80-2 600 m), and to compare Loxicha’s fauna with other regions in Mexico. Methods: We obtained 28 756 records from 21 sites in the Loxicha Region, representing seven years of sampling. We estimate and analyze the diversity, endemism, and distributional patterns for three elevational levels and five vegetation types. We estimated species composition and similarity with other regions of the Pacific and Atlantic slopes. Results: We identified 189 taxa, including species and subspecies, from 85 genera and ten subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Loxicha contains 46 % of the species in the family recognized for Mexico, including ten endemic species and 56 endemic subspecies. Cloud forest and low elevations were the most diverse habitats for this family. There is a clear divergence between the Atlantic and Pacific faunas, and the Sierra Madre del Sur has two faunal components. High-elevation sites in Oaxaca, and in the neighboring state of Guerrero, have a distinctive fauna, apparently isolated from low-elevation sites, revealing an archipelagic distribution for cloud forest Nymphalidae. Conclusions: The Loxicha Region is one of the richest areas for Nymphalidae in Mexico. Distribution on the Pacific slope is determined by geographical history and ecological conditions, including elevation. Nymphalidae can be used to test hypotheses of biogeographic regionalization in Mexico.
An alternative to traditional GPA for evaluating student performance

In response to the growing problem of grade ination in Amer- ican undergraduate institutions, alternatives to GPA and GPA-based stu- dent assessment are discussed. One alternative summary, based on a Bayesian latent trait formulation, eliminates many of the inequities as- sociated with GPA-based measures and has been proposed as a replace- ment for GPA-based class ranks at Duke University. 1. BACKGROUND Grade point average, or GPA, is the most widely used summary of undergraduate student perfor- mance in our educational system. Unfortunately, combining student grades through simple averag- ing schemes to obtain GPA's results in systematic biases against students enrolled in more rigorous curricula and has important consequences in stu- dent course selection. It creates perverse incentives for faculty to inate grades and lower standards, and it rewards students for selecting less chal- lenging courses and majors (Larkey and Caulkin, 1992).
Observation of slow order parameter fluctuations in superconducting films using beta-detected NMR

E. Morenzoni, ∗ H. Saadaoui, D. Wang, M. Horisberger, E. Kirk, W.A. MacFarlane, G. D. Morris, K.H. Chow, M.D. Hossain, C.P. Levy, T.J. Parolin, M.R. Pearson, Q. Song, and R. F. Kiefl 6 Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory for Developments and Methods, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Paul Scherrer Institut, Labor für Mikround Nanotechnologie, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1 TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3 Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2G7 (Dated: September 22, 2011)
COSMIC-RAY ELECTRON EVOLUTION IN THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT RX J1713.7−3946

A simple formalism to describe nonthermal electron acceleration, evolution, and radiation in supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented. The electron continuity equation is analytically solved assuming that the nonthermal electron injection power is proportional to the rate at which the kinetic energy of matter is swept up in an adiabatically expanding SNR shell. We apply this model to Fermi and HESS data from the SNR RX J1713.7−3946 and find that a one-zone leptonic model with Compton-scattered cosmic microwave background and interstellar infrared photons has difficulty providing a good fit to its spectral energy distribution, provided the source is at a distance ∼1 kpc from the Earth. However, the inclusion of multiple zones, as hinted at by recent Chandra observations, does provide a good fit, but requires a second zone of compact knots with magnetic fields B ∼ 16 μG, comparable to shock-compressed fields found in the bulk of the remnant.
AN EXACT SOLUTION OF THE SPHERICAL WAVE EQUATION IN D-DIMENSIONAL FRACTIONAL SPACE

In this paper, an exact solution of the spherical wave equation is obtained in D-dimensional fractional space. The obtained fractional space solution provides a generalization of electromagnetic wave propagation phenomenon from integer space to the fractional space. The classical results are recovered from fractional space solution, when integer space is considered. The investigated solution is useful for studying the electromagnetic wave propagation phenomenon in spherical geometries consisting fractal media.
Laparoscopic Exploration of the Common Bile Duct and T-Tube Drainage in China

Biliary stones that are seen in the Asian population are very different from those seen in the west. It is frequent to see multiple, large, and impacted stones and a hugely dilated Common Bile Duct (CBD). Many of these patients have been managed by open cholecystectomy, even after the advent of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) because these large stones pose significant challenges for extraction by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography. This study represents an experience of managing intra and extra hepatic bile ducts using a laparoscopic approach. A retrospective data analysis was done during the period of November 2010-April 2015 and correspondingly 85 patients with documented intra and extra hepatic biliary stones were treated laparoscopically at Qilu Hospital under Shandong University, School of Medicine. There were 23 men and 62 women patients with age ranging from 23 to 76 years. The mean diameter of the CBD was 12mm. The number of stones extracted varied from 1 to 35 and the size of the extracted stones from 0.3X0.3X0. 3 to 4X3.5X3. 5 mm. The average duration of surgery was 170 min. There were 7 conversions to open procedures and 24 patients (29%) had nonfatal postoperative complications. Four patients had retained stones (4.7%). Though patients presented with multiple and impacted CBD stones, laparoscopy presents a unique approach for a minimally invasive procedure with its benefits in the form of laparoscopic intra and extra hepatic bile ducts exploration. JCMCTA 2015 ; 26 (2) : 53 - 61
Optimisation of narrowband optical filters for 10 Gbit/s directly modulated laser transmitters

Filtering of the chirped signal from a directly modulated laser with the narrowband optical filter with a high roll-off allows to in-crease the dispersion tolerance of the transmitter substantially. In the paper, the influence of the parameters of the filter on the performance of the fibre link is analysed. Investigations are carried out for both band-pass and band-stop filters. Basing on the numerical modelling of the fibre link, the parameters of the filter are searched that give the smallest dispersion penalty. Theoretical investigations are supported by hardware experiments confirming correctness of applied methods and models.
Cavity approach to variational quantum mechanics

A local and distributive algorithm is proposed to find an optimal trial wave-function minimizing the Hamiltonian expectation in a quantum system. To this end, the quantum state of the system is connected to the Gibbs state of a classical system with the set of couplings playing the role of variational parameters. The average energy is written within the replica-symmetric approximation and the optimal parameters are obtained by a heuristic message passing algorithm based on the Bethe approximation. The performance of this approximate algorithm depends on the structure and quality of the trial wave-functions; starting from a classical system of isolated elements, i.e. mean-field approximation, and improving on that by considering the higher order many-body interactions. The method is applied to some disordered quantum Ising models in transverse fields and the results are compared with the exact ones for small systems.
Impact of Microbial Uptake on the Nutrient Plume around Marine Organic Particles: High-Resolution Numerical Analysis

The interactions between marine bacteria and particulate matter play a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and associated inorganic elements in the oceans. Eutrophic plumes typically form around nutrient-releasing particles and host intense bacterial activities. However, the potential of bacteria to reshape the nutrient plumes remains largely unexplored. We present a high-resolution numerical analysis for the impacts of nutrient uptake by free-living bacteria on the pattern of dissolution around slow-moving particles. At the single-particle level, the nutrient field is parameterized by the Péclet and Damköhler numbers (0 < Pe < 1000, 0 < Da < 10) that quantify the relative contribution of advection, diffusion and uptake to nutrient transport. In spite of reducing the extent of the nutrient plume in the wake of the particle, bacterial uptake enhances the rates of particle dissolution and nutrient depletion. These effects are amplified when the uptake timescale is shorter than the plume lifetime (Pe/Da < 100, Da > 0.0001), while otherwise they are suppressed by advection or diffusion. Our analysis suggests that the quenching of eutrophic plumes is significant for individual phytoplankton cells, as well as marine aggregates with sizes ranging from 0.1 mm to 10 mm and sinking velocities up to 40 m per day. This microscale process has a large potential impact on microbial growth dynamics and nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems.
Pycrostates: a Python library to study EEG microstates

Microstate analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG), introduced in 1972 by Lehman (Lehmann, 1971), is a spatiotemporal analysis technique that takes advantage of the full spatial resolution of EEG recordings. Formalized further by Pascual Marqui and colleagues (Pascual-Marqui et al., 1995), microstate analysis studies the distribution of the surface EEG potential maps over time. It transforms the EEG recordings into sequences of successive states of variable duration, called EEG microstates.
A test for cosmic distance duality

Testing the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) constitutes an important task for cosmology and fundamental physics since any violation of it would be a clear evidence of new physics. In this paper, we propose a new test for the CDDR using only current measurements of the gas mass fraction of galaxy clusters from Sunyaev-Zeldovich (fSZE) and X-ray surface brightness (fX−ray) observations. We show that the relation between fX−ray and fSZE observations is given by fSZE = ηfX−ray, where η quantifies deviations from the CDDR. Since this latter expression is valid for the same object in a given galaxy cluster sample, the method proposed removes possible contaminations from different systematics error sources and redshift differences involved in luminosity and angular diameter distance measurements. We apply this cosmological model-independent methodology to the most recent fX−ray and fSZE data and show that no significant violation of the CDDR is found.
Non-Interference Driving Fatigue Detection System Based on Intelligent Steering Wheel

Driving fatigue is an important factor leading to traffic accidents. For this reason, we propose a non-interference fatigue detection system, which consists of a steering wheel embedded with an electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition device and an ECG fatigue detection model. By holding the steering wheel with the driver’s palm, the system can collect their ECG signals and transmit them to the fatigue detection model for tiredness analysis after preprocessing. In particular, the proposed ECG fatigue detection model is composed of a simulation generation module based on a cycle-generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) and a fatigue detection module based on a fuzzy convolution neural network (FCNN). The acquired palm signal is fed into the simulation generation module to generate a clearer chest-like signal, thereby improving the final task performance. In addition, a new FCNN is posed to analyze the simulated chest signal to focus on the time variation and ignore the specificity of the ECG signal, therefore increasing the robustness of the system. The experimental results show that the proposed fatigue detection model has good stability and accuracy.