Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic hot spot edge-detection method for photovoltaic aerial infrared image

A two-stage hotspot detection method for aerial infrared images is proposed to address the issues of high cost, low efficiency, and low accuracy in traditional photovoltaic power plant detection technology. This method achieves component level localization and fine classification diagnosis of hotspot defects in infrared images. The method proposed in this paper is to integrate deep learning algorithms and traditional image algorithms to better identify defects. Firstly, this paper uses the edge detection algorithm to segment the target contour for the image itself at different scene gray values; Secondly, considering the differentiation of related factors, this paper carefully classifies the correlation factors based on the EfficientNet network. In order to ensure the rapid detection of the model. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed model reaches 97.1%, and the speed is also faster. This shows the superiority of the algorithm model proposed in this paper.
Cognitive Failure in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: A Valuable Adjunct Measure for Enhancing Cognitive Assessment and Rehabilitation Outcomes

Cognitive impairment is common in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), impacting their daily functioning and rehabilitation. This study assesses the extent of self-reported cognitive failures in everyday life in persons with SCI and its relationships with objective neurocognitive measures and psychosocial factors, including depressive mood, anxiety, perceived control, and fatigue. The differences between forty-one adults with a chronic SCI and forty-one able-bodied controls were examined. The participants completed the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) to assess cognitive failure and neurocognitive tests assessing attention and executive functions, as well as a psychosocial assessment. The SCI group reported higher cognitive failure rates than the able-bodied group (31.7% versus 19%, p > 0.05). Objective neurocognitive tests did not significantly correlate with the CFQ scores in either group. However, the CFQ scores were positively associated with most psychosocial factors, even after controlling for covariates. The CFQ scores were significantly associated with depressive mood in persons with SCI. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating self-reported cognitive measures into neurocognitive assessments and rehabilitation planning for adults with SCI. Self-reports capture everyday cognitive challenges that objective tests may miss. Additionally, this study highlights the strong connections between cognitive failures and psychosocial issues, particularly mood disorders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive rehabilitation and psychosocial support post-SCI, addressing both cognitive and emotional wellbeing.
Dietary and supplementary vitamin C intake and the risk of lung cancer: A meta‑analysis of cohort studies

Previous cohort studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between dietary or supplementary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk. These associations were investigated by conducting a meta-analysis of cohort studies. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were utilized, using keywords related to the topic from inception to April 15, 2022. Pooled effect sizes, such as relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using a random-effects model. A total of 20 cohort studies from 13 articles were included in the final analysis. In a meta-analysis of all studies, there was no significant association between dietary or supplementary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk (RR/HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80–1.01; I2=56.4%; n=20). In the subgroup meta-analysis by the source of vitamin C, dietary vitamin C intake decreased the risk of lung cancer (RR/HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73–0.92; I2=42.5%; n=14), whereas there was no association between supplementary vitamin C intake and lung cancer risk (RR/HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84–1.22; n=4). The present meta-analysis of cohort studies found that dietary vitamin C intake is beneficial for preventing lung cancer, whereas its supplementary intake does not have a beneficial effect.
Minimum Outdoor Airf low Using the IAQ Procedure

This newsletter, however, describes compliance with the Indoor Air Quality Procedure (IAQP) requirements. Although this procedure is not widely used because it requires significant judgment on the part of the designer, nevertheless it deserves a detailed discussion. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 includes three alternative procedures for determining minimum outdoor airflow (OA) rates: the ventilation rate procedure (VRP), the indoor air quality procedure (IAQP), and the natural ventilation procedure (NVP).
Using Measures of Vowel Space for Autistic Traits Characterization

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is prevalent and heterogeneous. Autistic traits describe a wide heterogeneity of behavior symptoms of ASD, and these traits are reflections of core neurodevelopment function deficits. Researchers have predominantly taken a clinical angle to understand autistic traits. They have been developing various clinical-grade instruments with behavioral codes to quantify autistic traits for diagnostic and research purposes. However, the need for highly trained professionals and the inevitable subjectivity limit their usage. Hence, researchers have been developing computational methods to address these issues. Among many efforts, methods based on computing speech have emerged rapidly due to their ability to characterize communicative behaviors and social interactions. Our work addresses one particular under-studied speech aspect: articulation-related acoustics, one of the broad autism spectrum symptoms. In this paper, we examine the articulatory information in a natural spoken interaction through measures of vowel space characteristics (VSCs) to understand autistic traits. Specifically, we approach by modeling statistical relationships of the corner vowel distributions and the interpersonal correlation of these relationships in conversation. Our method is evaluated by deriving VSC features and using them in ASD classification and regression tasks. We found these features predict autism-related communication assessment and add additional information to classification tasks. Furthermore, our analyses show a relationship between VSCs and autism-related communication deficit and also imply differences in VSCs between typical developing people and each ASD subgroup.
Variations in lipid profile of of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina in four different culture media

The present work envisages close monitoring of variations in lipid content and fatty acid profile of the marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina, by growing it in 4 different culture media. Pure cultures of microalga were collected from the marine hatchery complex of the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi and cultured in four different media viz., f/2 medium (Guillard, 1975), Miquel’s medium (Miquel, 1892), Walne’s medium (Walne, 1974) and Chu#10 medium (Chu et al., 1942). Standard algal culture conditions viz, salinity 33 ppt, pH 8.0, culture room temperature of 25ºC, light intensity of 1500 lux with a photoperiod of 12 h and Light:Dark cycle of 12 h were maintained. Lipids extracted were subjected to gas chromatography to ascertain their fatty acid profile. Both Miquel’s and f/2 media produced the maximum amount of lipid content (40.2 and 40% respectively). Total saturated fatty acids ranged from 39.17% (Miquel’s medium) to 84.45% (Chu#10). For monounsaturated fatty acids, the highest value was obtained for Miquel’s medium (42.79%) and minimum for Chu#10 (10.55%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for over 23.50% of the total fatty acids in Walne’s medium followed by Miquel’s (18.04%), f/2(12.76%) and Chu#10(5.00%) media. One way analysis of variance of the data brought to light that the medium composition can influence the fatty acid pattern of microalgae significantly. Keywords: Fish culture, Live feed, Micronutrients, Omega-3, Omega-6
How probation practices vary across rural, suburban, and urban contexts

ABSTRACT Research on criminal justice in rural areas is historically infrequent in the United States, and even though it has become more frequent recently, there has been even less work focused on rural juvenile justice. The purpose of this article is to compare juvenile probation practices in rural counties to those in suburban and/or urban counties. Overall, the implementation of programmes and policies is primarily based on the needs of larger counties. This article presents findings from 16 in-depth interviews with juvenile probation officers throughout Pennsylvania. Various struggles were identified by probation officers in smaller counties, such as travel time to facilities and limited resources. In contrast, many probation officers in larger counties discussed the additional resources they have been able to offer to juveniles. These findings have implications for theory, juvenile probation officer practices, programmes and policies in rural communities, and highlight the need for future research in this area.
High-resolution melting analysis of chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 9 (CHD9) gene in goat breeds of Kerala, India

The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms in chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 9 (CHD9) gene and assess its potential impact on body weight and conformation traits within the Malabari and Attappady Black goat breeds in Kerala. Significant differences were observed in adult body weights, height at withers and chest girths between the Malabari and Attappady Black breeds. Genotyping using High-Resolution Melting (HRM) revealed AA, GG and AG genotypes of CHD9. The highest frequency of AA genotype was observed in both breeds. Both Malabari and Attappady black breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Notably, the genotypic patterns of CHD9 did not exert a significant effect on body weight or other conformation traits in either breed.
Isotope geochemical evidence for ore-forming fluid resources in Hetaoping Pb-Zn deposit,Baoshan,northwestern Yunnan

Located in the Baoshan massif along the Lancangjiang tectonic-metallogenic belt in northwestern Yunnan Province, the Hetaoping Pb-Zn deposit is one of the typical hydrothermal polymetallic orefields with many unique features. The stratified and vein-type Pb-Zn-polymetallic ore bodies exist in skarn and marbleized limestone of the Upper Cambrian strata, and are controlled exclusively by approximately SN-trending compresso-tensional interstratal faults and associated faults. Based on analyzing geological characteristics,this paper mainly studied geochemistry of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, silicon and lead isotopic compositions of No.V1 ore body in this ore deposit. The results show that oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz in ores range from 6.1‰ to 7.6‰ with an average of 6.7‰, and hydrogen isotopic compositions of quartz range from -100‰ to -108‰ with an average of -104‰, suggesting that metallogenic fluids were mainly derived from deep concealed magmatic activities and mixed with meteoric water and shallow-seated water. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcite range from -6.6‰ to -5.9‰ and 5.0‰ to 5.2‰, respectively,quite similar to the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of magmatic fluids mixed with crust-derived water, implying that hydrothermal ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from magmatism or mantle fluids. Silicon, sulfur and lead isotopes are also similar to those in magmatic hydrothermal solutions or mantle fluids, but might have been subjected to the mixture with crust-derived matter during the late ore-forming process. Therefore, all the evidence supports the argument that the deposit is a typical tectonic-skarn-bound hydrothermal deposit, whose sources were mainly derived from magmatic hydrothermal solution or mantle fluids through fault belts and were mixed with shallow-seated fluids during the ore-forming process. Ore-forming elements were carried by tectonic-fluids from magma or mantle to orogenic belts, and were most likely driven and controlled by some deep processes.
Characterizing tropical Pacific water vapor and radiative biases in CMIP5 GCMs: Observation‐based analyses and a snow and radiation interaction sensitivity experiment

Significant systematic biases in the moisture fields within the tropical Pacific trade wind regions are found in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3/CMIP5) against profile and total column water vapor (TotWV) estimates from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder and TotWV from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager. Positive moisture biases occur in conjunction with significant biases of eastward low‐level moisture convergence north of the South Pacific Convergence Zone and south of the Intertropical Convergence Zone—the V‐shaped regions. The excessive moisture there is associated with overestimates of reflected upward shortwave (RSUT), underestimates of outgoing longwave radiation (RLUT) at the top of atmosphere (TOA), and underestimates of downward shortwave flux at the surface (RSDS) compared to Clouds and the Earth's Energy System, Energy Balance and Filled data. We characterize the impacts of falling snow and its radiation interaction, which are not included in most CMIP5 models, on the moisture fields using the National Center for Atmospheric Research‐coupled global climate model (GCM). A number of differences in the model simulation without snow‐radiation interactions are consistent with biases in the CMIP5 simulations. These include effective low‐level eastward/southeastward wind and surface wind stress anomalies, and an increase in TotWV, vertical profile of moisture, and cloud amounts in the V‐shaped region. The anomalous water vapor and cloud amount might be associated with the model increase of RSUT and decrease of RLUT at TOA and decreased RSDS in clear and all sky in these regions. These findings hint at the importance of water vapor‐radiation interactions in the CMIPS/CMIP5 model simulations that exclude the radiative effect of snow.
Vegetation and vascular flora of Faure Island, Shark Bay, Western Australia

The vegetation and flora of Faure Island, the second largest island in the Shark Bay World Heritage Site, is documented. The island has five major plant communities (Acacia shrublands, Mallee shrublands, Spinifex grasslands, Samphire and Atriplex shrublands and Mangrove woodlands) of which the Mallee shrublands and Mangrove woodlands are rarely recorded on offshore islands. A vascular flora of 163 species was recorded consisting of 142 native and 21 naturalized aliens.
Association between Serum Testosterone and Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Prospective Cohort Study

Serum testosterone is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which shares risk factors with aortic stenosis (AS). The association between serum testosterone and AS has not been previously investigated. We aimed to assess the prospective association between serum testosterone and risk of AS. Serum testosterone was determined at baseline using a radioimmunoassay kit in 2577 men aged 42–61 years recruited into the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease prospective cohort study. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated for AS. After a median follow-up of 27.2 years, 119 cases of AS were recorded. The risk of AS increased continuously with increasing serum testosterone across the range 25–39 nmol/L (p-value for nonlinearity = 0.49). In an analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, history of type 2 diabetes, history of coronary heart disease, and alcohol consumption, the HR (95% CI) for AS was 1.39 (1.10–1.76) per 10 nmol/L increase in serum testosterone. When alcohol consumption was replaced with physical activity, the HR (95% CI) was 1.38 (1.09–1.74). Comparing the bottom versus top third of serum testosterone, the corresponding (adjusted) risk estimates were 1.76 (1.11–2.81) and 1.76 (1.10–2.80), respectively. In middle-aged and older Finnish men, elevated levels of serum testosterone were associated with an increased risk of AS. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and assess any potential relevance of serum testosterone in AS prevention.
First Arrival Traveltime Tomography - When Simpler Is Better

Classical algorithms used for first arrival traveltime tomography are not necessarily well suited for handling very large seismic dataset or for taking advantage of current supercomputers. The classical approach of first arrival traveltime tomography is revisited with the proposal of a simpler mathematical formulation that avoids the memory storage of the Frechet derivative matrix. The algorithm proposed in this work represents a very effective industrial solution for first arrival traveltime tomography allowing to process huge and dense land surveys with no compromise in terms of amount of data and model description.
Day-to-Day Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Variability of Individuals' Activity Spaces in a Developing Country

Using the SITRAMP dataset, which was collected in the Jakarta metropolitan area, Indonesia, over four consecutive days, this study examines day-to-day variability of individuals' activity spaces. The impact of individual heterogeneity and variability of transport network conditions on day-to-day variability of activity spaces is also investigated. Results show that individuals' activity spaces vary from day to day and between different individuals. The activity space of other household members was found to be the most significant factor influencing an individual's activity space. Against the common belief in developing countries that better traffic conditions make individuals travel farther, results show that higher road-network travel speed and better road surface conditions within the home zones actually encourage individuals to visit a more compact set of activity locations and/or visit fewer activity locations. Smoother road surface conditions and higher travel speeds within home zones also bring the centroid of activity locations closer to individuals' home locations. Furthermore, day-to-day variability analysis of individual activity spaces showed that weekday activity spaces are more compact than those at weekends. Moreover, it was found that students' activity spaces show most variability, while those of nonworkers have the lowest variability.
Nutrient Levels, Bioactive Metabolite Contents, and Antioxidant Capacities of Faba Beans as Affected by Dehulling

Legume dehulling often removes anti-nutrients while improving nutritional quality. However, the process may reduce the levels of other health-promoting metabolites. This study investigated the effect of dehulling on major nutrients, bioactive metabolites, and antioxidant activities using 22 faba bean cultivars typically grown in different parts of the world. The faba bean cultivars differed significantly in all the parameters assessed. Crude fiber (CFC), dietary fiber (DFC), crude protein, and crude fat contents were in the ranges of 5.24–10.56, 16.17–25.15, 19.83–30.90, and 0.79–1.94% in the whole seeds and 0.96–1.59, 4.14–9.50, 22.47–36.61, and 1.13–2.07% in the dehulled seeds, respectively. Moreover, fatty acids including palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, bioactive metabolites including total phenol (TPC), total saponin (TSC), and total tannin (TTC) contents, and antioxidant activities including ABTS•+-scavenging activity, ferric antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH•-scavenging activity also showed significant variations. Dehulling significantly reduced DFC (55.09–79.30%), CFC (69.61–87.52%), and TTC (1.70–66.99%) in all the faba bean cultivars while increasing total protein content (9.31–17.69%). Dehulling also increased the total fat content (3.02–48.13%) in all the cultivars except Giant Three Seeded, a Japanese cultivar, which showed a 12.62% decrease. In contrast, dehulling exhibited varying results on fatty acids, TPC, TSC, and antioxidant activities among the faba bean cultivars. Accordingly, three cultivars: Primus from Hungary, Levens Marschbohne from Germany, and Ascott from France, exhibited simultaneous increases in nutritional levels after dehulling. Domasna-2 from Macedonia, Abawi# 1 from Peru, Seville from the United Kingdom, and Large Mazandran from Iran, on the other hand, exhibited marked reductions in nutritional levels, functional metabolites, and antioxidant activities. In general, our findings indicated that dehulling reduces crude fiber, dietary fiber, and tannin levels while increasing protein and fat contents in faba beans. However, fatty acids, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity may not be equally affected by dehulling and, therefore, specific genotypes should be inspected.
Food and feeding habits of Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 caught along Veraval coast of Gujarat

This study is based on the examination of gut contents of 351 specimens of Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847landed at Veraval Harbour, Gujarat. Feeding intensity of S. longiceps was reduced during spawning season andgradually increased during post-spawning period. The fish was found to be a planktivorous species consuming diatoms, dinoflagellates, zooplankton and unrecognisable matter. Diatoms were the most dominant group followed by zooplankton and dinoflagellates. Unrecognisable matter comprised of mud, detritus and sand particles were observed in the stomach of S. longiceps throughout the study period. Index of preponderance values showed that the diatoms (57.17%) and zooplankton (36.51%) were the major components of the diet. Keywords: Arabian Sea, Diet analysis, Indian oilsardine, Trophodynamics
Employing a Modified Sumudu with a Modified Iteration Method to Solve the System of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

The Sumudu transform is presented in this paper in a modified form which is aimed at improving its performance and employing it along with a modified iteration method in order to determine the solution to a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. This includes a theoretical analysis of the associated modified Sumudu transform. It also includes an explanation of the mathematical method for utilizing the transform in conjunction with the modified iteration technique. The iteration method is employed to determine the nonlinear terms of the equations. The research is valuable in the sense that it allows approximate and exact solution configurations to be determined by combining the modified Sumudu transform with a modified iteration method. As another benefit, the modified Sumudu transform can be developed and enhanced to be applicable to a wide range of equations, making it an effective solution tool. By combining techniques, a final advantage is that the solutions can be derived quickly and easily as a result of the combined approach. Finally, an old transformation which has been modified from the Sumudu transform is combined with the modified iteration method to examine its capability of yielding convergent solutions by incorporating the modified iteration method into it.