Em busca da judicialização da política no Brasil: apontamentos para uma nova abordagem

Este artigo retoma o debate sobre os argumentos que sustentam a existencia de um processo de judicializacao da politica no Brasil. O artigo foca-se em tres objetivos: revisitar os argumentos da judicializacao da politica no Brasil, avaliar os argumentos empiricos do processo de judicializacao e apontar novas abordagens sobre o tema. A literatura que se ocupa dessa questao tomou por emprestimo a definicao dada por Tate e Vallinder: judicializacao e a reacao do Judiciario frente a provocacao de um terceiro e tem por finalidade revisar a decisao de um poder politico tomando como base a Constituicao. Ao fazer essa revisao, o Judiciario estaria ampliando seu poder com relacao aos demais poderes. A nossa proposta aponta para a necessidade de estruturarem-se melhor os indicios de uma possivel judicializacao da politica no Brasil. Para demonstrar tal proposta, faremos uma revisita aos argumentos utilizados na coletânea The Global Expansion of Judicial Power, organizada por Neal Tate e T. Vallinder (1995). A ideia e demonstrar que a abordagem utilizada por esses autores nao esgota o assunto  ao contrario, apenas inicia o debate. Para tanto, faremos uma abordagem a respeito dos motivos da chamada expansao do poder judicial e, em seguida, realizaremos uma breve analise em que verificaremos se as condicoes para o surgimento da judicializacao da politica, observadas em outros paises, estao presentes no Brasil. Logo apos, discutiremos o conceito de judicializacao da politica e sua sustentacao empirica em nosso pais. Por fim, apontaremos, sinteticamente, outras abordagens possiveis a essa problematica. IN SEARCH OF JUDICIALIZATION OF POLITICS: NOTES FOR A NEW APPROACH Abstract This article takes up the debate on arguments that maintain that a process of judicialization of politics is currently underway in Brazil. It focuses on three goals: discussion of arguments on the judicialization of politics in Brazil, evaluation of empirical arguments on the process of judicialization and suggestions for new approaches to the topic. The literature on this issue borrows Tate and Vallinders definition of the term: judicialization is the reaction of the Judiciary to the provocations of a third party and has as its goal the revision of a decision made by a political power taking the Constitution as its bases. In carrying out this revision, the Judiciary would be widening its power in relation to that of the other spheres of power. Our view argues that it is necessary to come up with a better way to structure the indicators of a possible judicialization of politics in Brazil. In order to back up our argument, we will take another look at the arguments developed in Tate and Vallinders anthology, The Global Expansion of Judicial Power (1995). We intend to demonstrate that the arguments that these authors use do not exhaust the issue, but to the contrary: they just manage to initiate the debate. In this vein, we will develop an approach for understanding the reasons underlying the so-called expansion of judicial power. This will be followed by a brief analysis in which we will attempt to verify if the conditions for the emergence of a judicialization of politics, as observed in other countries, are also present in Brazil. Then we will go on to discuss the concept of the judicialization of politics and its empirical bases in our country. Finally, we will take a brief look at other possible approaches to this problem. A LA RECHERCHE DE LA JUDICIALISATION DE LA POLITIQUE: NOTES POUR UNE NOUVELLE APPROCHE Resume Cet article reprend le debat sur les arguments qui soutiennent lexistence dun processus de judicialisation de la politique au Bresil. Larticle est centre sur trois objectifs : repasser les arguments de la judicialisation de la politique au Bresil, evaluer les arguments empiriques du processus de judicialisation et presenter de nouvelles approches sur le theme. La litterature qui s´occupe de cette question a emprunte la definition donnee par Tate et Vallinder: judicalisation est la reaction du Judiciaire face a la provocation dun tiers et a pour finalitie reviser la decision dun pouvoir politique tout en sappuyant sur la Constitution. Lorsque le Judiciaire entame cette revision, il elargit son pouvoir a legard des autres pouvoirs. Notre proposition va dans le sens de considerer la necessite de structurer mieux les indices dune possible judicalisation de la politique au Bresil. Pour demontrer cette proposition, nous repasserons les arguments utilises dans le recueil The Global Expansion of Judicial Power, organise par Neal Tate et T. Vallinder (1995). Lidee est de montrer que lapproche utilisee par ces auteurs nepuise pas le sujet  au contraire, il ne fait quintroduire le debat. De ce fait, nous ferons une approche concernant les motifs de la soi-disant expansion du pouvoir judicial; ensuite, nous ferons une breve analyse ou nous verifierons si les conditions pour lavenement de la judicalisation de la politique observees dans dautres pays, sont presentes au Bresil. Et nous discuterons du concept de judicalisation de la politique et de sa maintenance empirique dans notre pays. Enfin, nous presenterons rapidemente dautres approches possibles a legard de ce probleme.