Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Virtual Mental Health Clinic for University Students: A Qualitative Study of End-User Service Needs and Priorities

Background Help seeking for mental health problems among university students is low, and Internet-based interventions such as virtual clinics have the potential to provide private, streamlined, and high quality care to this vulnerable group. Objective The objective of this study was to conduct focus groups with university students to obtain input on potential functions and features of a university-specific virtual clinic for mental health. Methods Participants were 19 undergraduate students from an Australian university between 19 and 24 years of age. Focus group discussion was structured by questions that addressed the following topics: (1) the utility and acceptability of a virtual mental health clinic for students, and (2) potential features of a virtual mental health clinic. Results Participants viewed the concept of a virtual clinic for university students favorably, despite expressing concerns about privacy of personal information. Participants expressed a desire to connect with professionals through the virtual clinic, for the clinic to provide information tailored to issues faced by students, and for the clinic to enable peer-to-peer interaction. Conclusions Overall, results of the study suggest the potential for virtual clinics to play a positive role in providing students with access to mental health support.
Mediated citizenship: power, practices, and identities

While the advent of the digital media has certainly altered the character of politics, we must be cautious about simplistic views that reduce the dilemmas of low political participation to technological problem-solving. This article takes mediated citizenship as its starting point, and argues for the importance of understanding civic uses of media technologies in specific, contextual terms. It is argued that power is a key contingency in all these matters, and must be given its analytic due. Focusing on the categories of practices and identities, the discussion conceptually explores the conditions that can promote as well as impede civic agency.
Whose Expectations Matter? The Relative Power of First‐ and Second‐Order Expectations in Determining Social Influence1

Two types of expectations are proposed to guide social interaction: those one holds for herself (first‐order expectations) and those one believes others hold for her (second‐order expectations). Also, interaction is assumed to be guided by three motives: contributing to group performance, preserving status, and facilitating interaction. These points are developed by formally incorporating ideas regarding reflected self‐appraisals, dramaturgical accounts of the interaction order, and expectancy‐value theory into status characteristics theory. When first‐ and second‐order expectations conflict and an actor's motives are equally weighted, it is suggested that second‐order expectations guide interaction. An initial experiment provides empirical support and insight for discussion.
Aid Allocation across Sectors: Does aid fit well with recipients' development priorities?

This paper investigates whether aid flows to developing countries fit well with their development priorities. In particular, we examine aid allocation across sectors in a given recipient country by using sectoral data on aid and indicators that measure the recipient's need for aid in each sector. The data show that inter-recipient aid allocation reflects the recipient's need. However, we found no evidence that inter-sectoral allocation fits with national priorities except in high- and middle-income East Asian countries. Our evidence shows that the quality of bureaucracy and corruption in recipient countries impede efficient inter-sectoral allocation.
Random k‐SAT and the power of two choices

We study an Achlioptas‐process version of the random k‐SAT process: a bounded number of k‐clauses are drawn uniformly at random at each step, and exactly one added to the growing formula according to a particular rule. We prove the existence of a rule that shifts the satisfiability threshold. This extends a well‐studied area of probabilistic combinatorics (Achlioptas processes) to random CSP's. In particular, while a rule to delay the 2‐SAT threshold was known previously, this is the first proof of a rule to shift the threshold of k‐SAT for k ≥ 3 . We then propose a gap decision problem based upon this semi‐random model. The aim of the problem is to investigate the hardness of the random k‐SAT decision problem, as opposed to the problem of finding an assignment or certificate of unsatisfiability. Finally, we discuss connections to the study of Achlioptas random graph processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 47, 163–173, 2015
Principles and practice of HIV‐protease inhibitor pharmacoenhancement

Continually maintaining maximally suppressive drug concentrations represents a key defence against the emergence of resistance. If drug levels fall and replication occurs, the opportunity for mutant virus to be selected occurs. It has been increasingly recognized that variability in the pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals, particularly protease inhibitors (PIs), means that drug exposure is not always optimal, giving the virus a chance to replicate.
Loop D ISTILL : Learning Looping Domain-Specific Planners from Example Plans

Many large-scale planning problems exhibit looping structure that translates into costly repeated problem solving effort, leading to the failure of many general-purpose planners to scale up. Instead, domain-specific planners can be more effective by reasoning about specific domain characteristics, such as repeated structure. While hand-writing such domain specific planners can be challenging, giving examples of plans for concrete problems with repeated structure is quite simple. In this work, we present the LoopDISTILL algorithm for automatically acquiring looping domain-specific planners from example plans. LoopDISTILL identifies repeated structures in the example plans and then converts the looping plans into domain-specific planners, or dsPlanners. Looping dsPlanners are able to apply experience acquired from the solutions to small example problems to solve arbitrarily large ones. We show that automatically learned dsPlanners are able to solve large-scale problems more effectively and to solve problems many orders of magnitude larger than general-purpose planners can solve.
AHRC: An Optimized Cache Associativity

Hardware resources require efficient scaling because the future of computing technology seems to be intensive multithreaded. One of the main challenges in the scalability of computers hardware is the hierarchy of the memory. Chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) rely on large and multi-level hierarchies of caches to reduce cost of resources and improve systems performance. These multi-level hierarchies are the ones, which also help to solve the issue of limited bandwidth and minimize the latency of the main memory. Almost half of the area of the chip and a large percentage of the system energy is used by caches. One of the main problems limiting the scalability of cache hierarchies is called cache associativity. Caches consume a lot of energy to implement associative lookups. This affects the performance of the system by reducing the efficiency of caches. This paper describes a new design of cache that we called - Adaptive Hashing and Replacement Cache (AHRC). This design has the ability of maintaining high associativity with an advanced method of replacement policy. AHRC can improve associativity and maintain the number of possible locations, where each block is kept as small as possible. Several workloads were simulated on a large-scale CMP with AHRC as the last-level cache. We propose an Adaptive Reuse Interval Prediction (ARIP) scheme for AHRC, which is superior to the NRU scheme that was described by Seznec. Results demonstrate that AHRC has better energy efficiency and higher performance as compared to conventional caches. Additionally, large caches that utilize AHRC are the most suitable in many core CMPs to provide a more significant improvement and scalability than the smaller caches. However, AHRC with a higher-level replacement may lead to loss of energy for workloads that are not sensitive to the policy governing the replacement process.
Efficient Retina-like Resampling from Cartesian Images

This paper describes a novel method to resample cartesian images to a retina-like hexagonal tessellation, consisting of foveal and peripheral regions. We introduce the inflated-hexagons model for the foveal region resampling, which has an efficient data structure for storage and mapping of cortical coordinates. The integral image representation is used as intermediate step for the peripheral region log-polar resampling, which is less computationally demanding than the simulation of Gaussian receptive fields with varying widths. An important feature of the resulting model is that a gap-free transition is obtained between the near-uniformly sampled fovea and the space-variant periphery. Experiments with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) compression of the ORL Database of Faces show that the proposed retina-like resampling, in spite of massively reducing the amount of image data, still retains most of the information contents of conventional cartesian image sampling.
Peer Effects and Peer Group Processes: Joining the Conversation on Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

The interest in ‘peer effects’, which includes the effects on educational attainment of school ability or socioeconomic status composition, raises methodological issues that require careful discussion. It is argued with reference to a recent collaborative text by Australian and New Zealand authors representing quantitative and qualitative approaches that school composition effects are not necessarily peer effects and that the term ‘effect’ cannot be restricted by a positivist definition. It is further argued that the practice of using aggregated student responses as measures of institutional properties is fundamentally unsound. This case is supported by a detailed study of attitudes to school and their association with educational progress held by two groups of secondary students. It is concluded that a realist understanding of the properties of social entities might offer the basis for a collaborative approach more productive than the conventional paradigm now dominant in this field.
Detecting Audio / Video Asynchrony

Asynchrony between the audio and video track in streaming video can cause user frustration with the service but often goes unreported. Providers of on-demand internet streaming media such as Netflix reach millions of users and thus are concerned with supplying correctly aligned audio/video content. Our project will attempt to detect A/V misalignment in standard (nonstreaming) movie clips. We expect that if certain time-dependent video and audio features are correlated, we should be able to predict the misalignment of a video and audio track by comparing the progression of these audio and video features over a segment of the movie clip.
Cooperation Versus Multiplexing: Multicast Scheduling Algorithms for OFDMA Relay Networks

With the next-generation cellular networks making a transition toward smaller cells, two-hop orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) relay networks have become a dominant, mandatory component in the 4G standards (WiMAX 802.16j, 3GPP LTE-Adv). While unicast flows have received reasonable attention in two-hop OFDMA relay networks, not much light has been shed on the design of efficient scheduling algorithms for multicast flows. Given the growing importance of multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in 4G networks, the latter forms the focus of this paper. We show that while relay cooperation is critical for improving multicast performance, it must be carefully balanced with the ability to multiplex multicast sessions and hence maximize aggregate multicast flow. To this end, we highlight strategies that carefully group relays for cooperation to achieve this balance. We then solve the multicast scheduling problem under two OFDMA subchannelization models. We establish the NP-hardness of the scheduling problem even for the simpler model and provide efficient algorithms with approximation guarantees under both models. Evaluation of the proposed solutions reveals the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms as well as the significant benefits obtained from the multicasting strategy.
Antihyperglycemic agents and cardiovascular outcomes: recent insights

Purpose of review To summarize cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) with antihyperglycemic agents conducted since 2008 US Food and Drug Administration guidance. Recent findings A series of large CVOTs since 2008 have included patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), who are otherwise treated according to standard of care. After the initial trials with incretin agents demonstrated cardiovascular safety, two recent CVOTs with currently available antihyperglycemic agents – EMPA-REG OUTCOME with empagliflozin and LEADER with liraglutide – show a significant reduction of the primary composite outcome, including a significant difference in the cardiovascular death end-point in both trials [EMPA-REG OUTCOME: hazard ratio = 0.62, confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.77, P < 0.001 and LEADER: hazard ratio = 0.78, CI = 0.66–0.93, P = 0.007]. Number needed to treat to prevent one cardiovascular death of 46 and 77 for empagliflozin and liraglutide, respectively, over 3 years is comparable with other currently employed evidence-based cardioprotective strategies. In addition, EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial had a robust reduction in hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio = 0.65, CI = 0.50–0.85, P = 0.002). Summary New-generation CVOTs are shifting the focus in the treatment of T2D to the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Towards Maude-Tla based Foundation for Complex Concurrent Systems Specification and Certification

This paper contributes towards a multi-paradigm approach for the specification validation verification and refinement of concurrent agile systems. It brings together two complementary rigorous and largely accepted frameworks: Meseguer's true- concurrent Rewriting Logic (RL) with its MAUDE prototype and Lamport's Temporal Logic of Actions (TLA) with its current prototype TLA+. At the specification / validation phase, we adopt a variant of MAUDE that we endow with strategy for controlling rules and state splitting / recombining for exhibiting full intra-concurrency. For the verification / refinement phase, we automatically derive TLA's formulas from validated MAUDE specification, on which crucial properties are checked using TLA's deductions and invariants. A production system is considered as proof-of-concept.
Objective data trials are needed

EDITOR,—Paul Knekt and colleagues' study showing an apparent protective effect of consumption of flavonoids on the risk of coronary death illustrates the pitfalls of such investigations.1 Intake of flavonoids shows the same association with both non-coronary and coronary mortality. It either reduces biological susceptibility to many diseases or it serves as a marker for a complex of sociobehavioural factors associated with the risk of death. Observational studies of diet and health have two main problems. Firstly, dietary intakes are socially and culturally determined …
Does video training increase adult and child joint attention and improve child outcomes? Two individual case studies in children with autism spectrum disorder†

Abstract Background Children with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulty initiating (IJA) and responding to joint attention (RJA), which is critical to engagement in social interactions. The adult role in developing joint attention is widely accepted, but measurement of outcomes from adult training is rarely reported. Method Using a single case study design, this pilot study examined the joint attention of 1 adult and 2 children before and after the adult was trained using video feedback, to recognise joint attention opportunities and strategies to increase children's joint attention. Results There was a statistically significant increase in adult IJA and a corresponding increase in the children's RJA. Adult RJA increased minimally in response to minimal increase in the children's IJA. Visible increases in adult–child engagement occurred, but the activity chosen, documentation requirements, and one training session also influenced outcomes. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that video training does increase adult joint attention attempts and improves social interaction and engagement in activities. Other factors affecting adult and child joint attention frequency are also identified.
Initial Metastatic Site as a Prognostic Factor in Patients With Stage IV Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Abstract Few studies have evaluated the presence of hepatic or peritoneal metastasis as a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of the initial metastatic, extrahepatic, or hepatic site in patients with metastatic PDAC. Between January 2007 and December 2013, the medical records of 343 patients with metastatic PDAC treated at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified as having extrahepatic metastasis alone (EH), hepatic metastasis alone (LV), and both hepatic and extrahepatic metastasis (BOTH). The median age was 67 years; 207 patients were men. Patients were classified as having EH (111 patients), LV (106), and BOTH (126). Totally, 212 patients underwent chemotherapy with a FOLFIRINOX (23 patients) or gemcitabine-based regimen (189). On multivariate analysis, an ECOG score ≥2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–4.5), albumin < 35 g/L (HR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.3), C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L (HR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6–3.2), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio > 5 (HR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–2.0), no chemotherapy (HR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.0–4.1), and metastatic site (LV, HR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.1; BOTH, HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.6–3.2) were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (OS). Considering the initial metastatic site, the median OS of patients with EH, LV, and BOTH were 7.5 (95% CI: 6.3–8.8), 4.8 (95% CI: 4.1–5.5), and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.9–2.9) months, respectively. The initial metastatic site is significantly and independently associated with OS in patients with metastatic PDAC, serving as an effective prognostic factor.
Speech enhancement system based on lattice filter and system identification

We have investigated a noise reconstruction system (NRS) with an adaptive line enhancer (ALE) as a noise reduction system. The NRS uses a linear prediction error filter (LPEF) and a noise reconstruction filter (NRF). The NRS assumes that the background noise is generated by exciting a linear system with a white noise. First, the white signal is estimated by the ALE and the LPEF. Next, the background noise is reconstructed from the white noise by estimating the liner system by the NRF. The conventional NRS uses a transversal filter as the LPEF. However, the speech component remains in the estimated white noise. As a result, the quality of enhanced speech is degraded. In order to solve the problem, we introduce a lattice filter as a LPEF. Since the structure of a lattice filter approximates a vocal-tract filter for the speech production process, the lattice type LPEF can estimate the vocal-tract parameter accurately than a transversal type LPEF. Therefore, the ability of a speech enhancement is improved.
Protein and Genetic Composition of Four Chromatin Types in Drosophila melanogaster Cell Lines

Background: Recently, we analyzed genome-wide protein binding data for the Drosophila cell lines S2, Kc, BG3 and Cl.8 (modENCODE Consortium) and identified a set of 12 proteins enriched in the regions corresponding to interbands of salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Using these data, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline that partitioned the Drosophila genome into four chromatin types that we hereby refer to as aquamarine, lazurite, malachite and ruby. Results: Here, we describe the properties of these chromatin types across different cell lines. We show that aquamarine chromatin tends to harbor transcription start sites (TSSs) and 5’ untranslated regions (5’UTRs) of the genes, is enriched in diverse “open” chromatin proteins, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling complexes and transcription factors. It encompasses most of the tRNA genes and shows enrichment for non-coding RNAs and miRNA genes. Lazurite chromatin typically encompasses gene bodies. It is rich in proteins involved in transcription elongation. Frequency of both point mutations and natural deletion breakpoints is elevated within lazurite chromatin. Malachite chromatin shows higher frequency of insertions of natural transposons. Finally, ruby chromatin is enriched for proteins and histone modifications typical for the “closed” chromatin. Ruby chromatin has a relatively low frequency of point mutations and is essentially devoid of miRNA and tRNA genes. Aquamarine and ruby chromatin types are highly stable across cell lines and have contrasting properties. Lazurite and malachite chromatin types also display characteristic protein composition, as well as enrichment for specific genomic features. We found that two types of chromatin, aquamarine and ruby, retain their complementary protein patterns in four Drosophila cell lines.
Identification of Power System Dominant Inter-Area Oscillation Paths

This paper presents three algorithms for identification of dominant inter-area oscillation paths: a series of interconnected corridors in which the highest content of the inter-area modes propagates through. The algorithms are developed to treat different sets of data: 1) known system model; 2) transient; and 3) ambient measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs). These algorithms take feasibility into consideration by associating the network variables made available by PMUs, i.e., voltage and current phasors. All algorithms are demonstrated and implemented on a conceptualized Nordic Grid model. The results and comparison among three algorithms are provided. The applications of the algorithms not only facilitate in revealing critical corridors which are mostly stressed but also help in indicating relevant feedback input signals and inputs to mode meters which can be determined from the properties of dominant paths.
Decentralization, Devolution, and the School Principal: Australian Lessons on Statewide Educational Reform

Decentralization has been instituted as a reform effort aimed at accomplishing devolution in the Australian state of Victoria. This study documents this reform and investigates its implications for the principal-ship in Victorian schools. Interview data are presented to document implementation problems and the effects of these reforms on the influence of principals and the future of the principalship in Victoria.
Underlying Factors in Drug Overdose Deaths.

Drug overdose accounted for 52 404 deaths in the United States in 2015,1 which are more deaths than for AIDS at its peak in 1995. Provisional data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate drug overdose deaths increased again from 2015 to 2016 by more than 20% (from 52 898 deaths in the year ending in January 2016 to 64 070 deaths in the year ending in January 2017). 2 Increases are greatest forover-doses related to the category including illicitly manufactured fentanyl (ie, synthetic opioids excluding methadone), which more than doubled, accounting for more than 20 000 overdose deaths in 2016 vs less than 10 000 deaths in 2015. This difference is enough to account for nearly all the increase in drug overdose deaths from 2015 to 2016.2