Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Machine Translation Models for Personalized Search

Web search personalization has been well studied in the recent few years. Relevance feedback has been used in various ways to improve relevance of search results. In this paper, we propose a novel usage of relevance feedback to effectively model the process of query formulation and better characterize how a user relates his query to the document that he intends to retrieve using a noisy channel model. We model a user profile as the probabilities of translation of query to document in this noisy channel using the relevance feedback obtained from the user. The user profile thus learnt is applied in a re-ranking phase to rescore the search results retrieved using an underlying search engine. We evaluate our approach by conducting experiments using relevance feedback data collected from users using a popular search engine. The results have shown improvement over baseline, proving that our approach can be applied to personalization of web search. The experiments have also resulted in some valuable observations that learning these user profiles using snippets surrounding the results for a query gives better performance than learning from entire document collection.
Surgeon Age and Operative Mortality in the United States

Objectives:Although recent studies suggest that physician age is inversely related to clinical performance in primary care, relationships between surgeon age and patient outcomes have not been examined systematically. Methods:Using national Medicare files, we examined operative mortality in approximately 461,000 patients undergoing 1 of 8 procedures between 1998 and 1999. We used multiple logistic regression to assess relationships between surgeon age (≤40 years, 41–50 years, 51–60 years, and >60 years) and operative mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days), adjusting for patient characteristics, surgeon procedure volume, and hospital attributes. Results:Although older surgeons had slightly lower procedure volumes than younger surgeons for some procedures, there were few clinically important differences in patient characteristics by surgeon age. Compared with surgeons aged 41 to 50 years, surgeons over 60 years had higher mortality rates with pancreatectomy (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.49), coronary artery bypass grafting (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05–1.29), and carotid endarterectomy (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04–1.40). The effect of surgeon age was largely restricted to those surgeons with low procedure volumes and was unrelated to mortality for esophagectomy, cystectomy, lung resection, aortic valve replacement, or aortic aneurysm repair. Less experienced surgeons (≤40 years of age) had comparable mortality rates to surgeons aged 41 to 50 years for all procedures. Conclusions:For some complex procedures, surgeons older than 60 years, particularly those with low procedure volumes, have higher operative mortality rates than their younger counterparts. For most procedures, however, surgeon age is not an important predictor of operative risk.
Sensory Ecology of Predator-Induced Phenotypic Plasticity

Ecological communities are organized in trophic levels that share manifold interactions forming complex food webs. Infochemicals can further modify these interactions, e.g., by inducing defenses in prey. The micro-crustacean Daphnia is able to respond to predator-specific chemical cues indicating an increased predation risk. Daphnia shows plastic responses by adapting its morphology, behavior, and physiology, increasing organism, and population fitness. This stabilizes community structures. This review will describe the progress that has been made in understanding the high degree of plasticity observed in the model crustacean Daphnia. I summarize current knowledge on the processes of predator detection, ranging from the nature of biologically active chemical cues to the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. With this, I aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the molecular mechanisms of ad hoc environmental phenotypic adaptation. In times of climate change and pollution understanding information transfer in aquatic systems is valuable as it will allow us to predict whether and how community structures are being affected.
Defining and Supporting Narrative-driven Recommendation

Research into recommendation algorithms has made great strides in recent years. However, these algorithms are typically applied in relatively straightforward scenarios: given information about a user's past preferences, what will they like in the future? Recommendation is often more complex: evaluating recommended items never takes place in a vacuum, and it is often a single step in the user's more complex background task. In this paper, we define a specific type of recommendation scenario called narrative-driven recommendation, where the recommendation process is driven by both a log of the user's past transactions as well as a narrative description of their current interest(s). Through an analysis of a set of real-world recommendation narratives from the LibraryThing forums, we demonstrate the uniqueness and richness of this scenario and highlight common patterns and properties of such narratives.
Max-planck-institut F Ur Informatik a Recursion Planning Analysis of Inductive Completion K I N F O R M a T I K Im Stadtwald D 66123 Saarbr Ucken Germany Authors' Addresses Publication Notes

We use the AI proof planning techniques of recursion analysis and rippling as tools to analyze so called inductionless induction proof techniques. Recursion analysis chooses induction schemas and variables and rippling controls rewriting in explicit induction proofs. They provide a basis for explaining the success and failure of inductionless induction both in deduction of critical pairs and in their simpli cation. Furthermore, these explicit induction techniques motivate and provide insight into advancements in inductive completion algorithms and suggest directions for further improvements. Our study includes an experimental comparison of Clam, an explicit induction theorem prover, with an implementation of Huet and Hullot's inductionless induction.
Selective stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers using dual intrafascicular electrodes

The authors have studied activation of nerve fibers by pairs of Pt-Ir wire electrodes implanted within single fascicles of the nerve innervating the gastrocnemius muscle in cats. The purpose of this study was to determine if these intrafascicular electrodes can activate nerve fibers in different fascicles independently of each other and if they can also be used to activate separate subsets of axonal populations within a single fascicle. The average overlap of activated nerve fiber populations was 5.5% between fascicles and 27% within a fascicle, indicating that such selective activation is possible with these electrodes. <<ETX>>
Sensorless Sliding-Mode MTPA Control of an IPM Synchronous Motor Drive Using a Sliding-Mode Observer and HF Signal Injection

This paper proposes a nonlinear sliding-mode speed-control scheme for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives incorporating the maximum-torque-per-ampere trajectory. The drive uses an adaptive sliding-mode observer (SMO) for rotor-speed estimation. The global asymptotic stabilities of both the controller and observer are guaranteed by Lyapunov stability analysis. The very low speed and standstill performance of the drive is further enhanced by combining high-frequency signal injection with the SMO. Hence, the sensorless drive is capable of exhibiting high dynamic and steady-state performances over a wide speed range. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Role of Litigation in First-Mover Performance in M-Business

In recent years, technological advances and regulatory change have profoundly modified many Internet-related supply and user services. In some cases, although entry barriers for new competitors have been lowered, established companies have been able to reap certain sources of first-mover advantages FMAs as a result of their early entry into the market. Here, non-market strategies can be used by rivals and other industry participants to neutralize FMAs. This paper has two main objectives: on the one hand, to reflect on FMAs in an Internet-enabled market environment, specifically, mobile service providers; on the other hand, to study the impact of litigation on first-mover performance in the Spanish mobile services industry between November 2000 and July 2006. The results obtained show that litigation processes initiated against first mover Movistar, do not, on average, have a negative impact on market performance. Similarly, we observed that when legal proceedings do have an impact on a company's stock market valuation, the negative impact, on average, outweighs the positive. Last, we also observed that the impact of some legal disputes on the first mover's share price varies depending on who initiates legal actions and on the nature of the lawsuit filed.
Ethnographies of conservation : environmentalism and the distribution of privilege

"This is an excellent collection of articles.All are clearly written and any of them could be used in undergraduate teaching. Moreover, the range of case studies is impressively global.The articles all exhibit a good capacity to provoke.The result is an enjoyable book that is likely to be useful to teachers, students and practitioners of environmentalism. " - Anthropological Forum Anthropologists know that conservation often disempowers already under-privileged groups, and that it also fails to protect environments. Through a series of ethnographic studies, this book argues that the real problem is not the disappearance of "pristine nature" or even the land-use practices of uneducated people. Rather, what we know about culturally determined patterns of consumption, production and unequal distribution, suggests that critical attention would be better turned on discourses of "primitiveness" and "pristine nature" so prevalent within conservation ideology, and on the historically formed power and exchange relationships that they help perpetuate. David G. Anderson is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen. Eeva Berglund was Lecturer in Anthropology at Goldsmiths College from 1998 to 2002 and has written on the anthropology and history of environmental politics.
Norepinephrine Increases Cyclic GMP Levels in Cerebellar Cells from Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Knockout Mice

Abstract: Cyclic GMP is an important intracellular messenger in the nervous system that may mediate cellular forms of neuronal plasticity. Previous studies show that most neurotransmitters stimulate cyclic GMP levels by the activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). In this study, we report that in primary cell cultures from the cerebellum of neuronal NOS knockout mice, norepinephrine stimulates an increase in cyclic GMP content. This increase is seen in both granule cell and astrocyte cultures and is not blocked by inhibitors of NOS or by inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase. These results suggest a novel pathway by which norepinephrine enhances cyclic GMP levels in the nervous system.
DIMENSI SOSIAL-POLITIK SEA GAMES XXVI

Jika tidak ada aral melintang, Sumatera Selatan akan menjadi tuan rumah penyelenggaraan SEA GAMES XXVI. Apa yang menarik ditelaah dari moment kompetisi olahraga tingkat Asia Tenggara ini? Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan dimensi sosial-politik pelaksanaan Sea Games XXVI. Kehadiran tulisan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan spektrum pemikiran yang luas dalam rangka memahami pelaksanaan event-event olahraga, baik skala lokal, nasional, regional, dan internasional.
A Clinical Heart Disease Decision Supportive Optimized Mining Method for Effective Disease Diagnosis

Healthcare industry collects enormous amounts of healthcare data and required to mine and ascertain hidden information for constructive decision making. In recent years, the computer technology and machine learning methods with data mining approach increase techniques in assisting the doctors for productive decision making related to heart disease and stroke identification at an early stage. The needs to reduce the pattern matching loss by performing pattern matching while effectively improving the heart disease identification at much early stage poses severe challenges to the database community. In this paper a method called Clinical Heart Disease-Decision Supportive Optimized Mining (CHDDSOM) is presented to overcome the pattern matching loss, and perform perfect pattern matching. The method CHDDSOM categories to enable decision support with multidimensional analysis using Mahalanobis distance measure for obtaining dynamic data table information and typically built to support early stage of stroke identification and levels of heart disease. This helps in identifying the solution for different patterns and therefore reducing the pattern matching loss. With the objective of identifying the level of heart disease in a very accurate manner, the CHDDSOM method uses the Iterative Dichotomiser 3 based decision tree model.With Iterative Dichotomiser 3 based decision tree model, the stroke is also identified very easily by starting with the original set S as the root node. The entropy value of every attribute is calculated and is placed in the decision tree. Decision tree are constructed from the higher to lower values to perform easy pattern matching, aiming at reducing the processing time for pattern matching. Experiment is conducted with the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Heart disease data set available from UCI repository using the factors such as pattern matching loss rate, accuracy, processing time for pattern matching, computational cost. Experimental analysis shows that the CHD-DSOM method is able to reduce the processing time for pattern matching by 33.23% and reduce the pattern matching loss rate by 29.67% compared to the state-of-the-art works.
The Paleo diet and diabetes

151 T and defects in insulin secretion. Obesity is the major risk factor for the development of the condition and a number of studies— including the Diabetes Prevention Program, the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study, and the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study— have shown that lifestyle modification (diet and exercise) can significantly prevent the progression of glucose intolerance (prediabetes) to diabetes by up to 58%. In addition, a recent study showed that a very-low-calorie diet for 8weeks resulted in remission of type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months in 40% of the participants. As such, clinical guidelines prescribe lifestyle modification as first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and indeed throughout the management of the disease process. Therefore, it is clear that dietary intervention is a critical component of the glucose-lowering strategy in diabetes.
Phenotypic Plasticity and Population Differentiation in an Ongoing Species Invasion

The ability to succeed in diverse conditions is a key factor allowing introduced species to successfully invade and spread across new areas. Two non-exclusive factors have been suggested to promote this ability: adaptive phenotypic plasticity of individuals, and the evolution of locally adapted populations in the new range. We investigated these individual and population-level factors in Polygonum cespitosum, an Asian annual that has recently become invasive in northeastern North America. We characterized individual fitness, life-history, and functional plasticity in response to two contrasting glasshouse habitat treatments (full sun/dry soil and understory shade/moist soil) in 165 genotypes sampled from nine geographically separate populations representing the range of light and soil moisture conditions the species inhabits in this region. Polygonum cespitosum genotypes from these introduced-range populations expressed broadly similar plasticity patterns. In response to full sun, dry conditions, genotypes from all populations increased photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, and allocation to root tissues, dramatically increasing reproductive fitness compared to phenotypes expressed in simulated understory shade. Although there were subtle among-population differences in mean trait values as well as in the slope of plastic responses, these population differences did not reflect local adaptation to environmental conditions measured at the population sites of origin. Instead, certain populations expressed higher fitness in both glasshouse habitat treatments. We also compared the introduced-range populations to a single population from the native Asian range, and found that the native population had delayed phenology, limited functional plasticity, and lower fitness in both experimental environments compared with the introduced-range populations. Our results indicate that the future spread of P. cespitosum in its introduced range will likely be fueled by populations consisting of individuals able to express high fitness across diverse light and moisture conditions, rather than by the evolution of locally specialized populations.
Sonographic Findings of the Bifid Median Nerve and Persistent Median Artery in Carpal Tunnel: A Preliminary Study in Chinese Individuals

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anatomic variations of the bifid median nerve, persistent median artery and persistent median vein in Chinese individuals and their relationship with carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS: One hundred and sixty median nerves were examined using ultrasonography and colour Doppler ultrasonography. The location, shape, and size of the bifid median nerve, persistent median artery and persistent median vein were recorded. The cross-sectional area of the bifid median nerve (two trunks) was measured at the level of the pisiform. RESULTS: Among the 160 wrists examined, a bifid median nerve was observed in 15 (9.4%) wrists, and a persistent median artery was observed in 12 (7.5%) wrists. These two variations either coexisted or were observed independently, and the probability of coexistence (6.3%) was higher than the probability of existing independently (bifid median nerve only 3.1%, persistent median artery only 1.3%). The cross-sectional area of the radial trunk was greater than (13 in 15, 86.7%) the cross-sectional area of the ulnaris trunk. Persistent median vein was observed in 9 wrists (5.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The persistent median artery and bifid median nerve tend to coexist, and the persistent median vein sometimes runs parallel to the persistent median artery. Their positional relationship in carpal tunnel is uncertain, and thus, preoperative ultrasound is necessary. These three variations do not present any additional risk for the development of carpal tunnel syndrome.
An Optimization-based Approach to Time Critical Cooperative Surveillance and Coverage with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The use of autonomous air vehicles equipped with cameras for surveillance is a natural but challenging application of robotic technology. Unlike ground robots, aerial platforms have many more operating constraints and their dynamic response typically dictates the nature of their role in such an application. While rotary-winged platforms enable more diverse maneuver options than their fixed-wing counterparts, maneuverability along a three-dimensional flight path imposes significant constraints. There is a class small, electrically powered fixed-wing aerial vehicle that feature body fixed cameras to provide a low-overhead platform with which to conduct surveillance operations. Their advantages are that they are portable, quiet, difficult to spot when aloft, inexpensive to acquire and operate, feature rugged airframes and are as safe as flight vehicles can be as their mass is less than 10kg. Their primary disadvantage in this application is that their flight path and sensor line of sight are highly coupled. We would like to develop a path planning capability to enable this class of vehicles to perform missions arguably outside of their design envelope. The benefits would be a low-cost, portable solution capable of being transported by ground personnel on foot. The system can, therefore, be considered to be mobile. The constraints imposed by selection of this type of air vehicle are summarized in ”Table I”. These vehicles have inner loop controllers that provide the requisite stability and control for the navigation autopilots they use so that waypoint navigation using GPS is reliable spatially but temporal performance is affected by ambient winds. Excessive maneuvering can degrade the precision of flight path control. Turns are always coordinated because of the constraint on sideslip. The coupling between flight path and camera for forward looking camera is illustrated in the ”Fig.1” where the motion of the camera frame at half-second intervals is shown as the flight path is varied from straight to turning flight over a 12 second period for the vehicle at the highest tier. The vehicle position, camera line-of-sight vector intersection with the ground-plane (center of image), and the camera frame edges on the ground-plane are shown. Aircraft roll dynamics impose a 0.5 sec time constant on roll rate commands and the vehicle turns in response to its
Virtual chromoendoscopy in small bowel capsule endoscopy: New light or a cast of shadow?

AIM To evaluate whether virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of small bowel lesions previously detected by conventional white light small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). METHODS Retrospective single center study. One hundred lesions selected from forty-nine consecutive conventional white light SBCE (SBCE-WL) examinations were included. Lesions were reviewed at three Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement (FICE) settings and Blue Filter (BF) by two gastroenterologists with experience in SBCE, blinded to each other's findings, who ranked the quality of delineation as better, equivalent or worse than conventional SBCE-WL. Inter-observer percentage of agreement was determined and analyzed with Fleiss Kappa (κ) coefficient. Lesions selected for the study included angioectasias (n = 39), ulcers/erosions (n = 49) and villous edema/atrophy (n = 12). RESULTS Overall, the delineation of lesions was improved in 77% of cases with FICE 1, 74% with FICE 2, 41% with FICE 3 and 39% with the BF, with a percentage of agreement between investigators of 89% (κ = 0.833), 85% (κ = 0.764), 66% (κ = 0.486) and 79% (κ = 0.593), respectively. FICE 1 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 63.3% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy with a percentage of agreement of 97.4% (κ = 0.910), 81.6% (κ = 0.714) and 91.7% (κ = 0.815), respectively. FICE 2 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 57.1% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 89.7% (κ = 0.802), 79,6% (κ = 0.703) and 91.7% (κ = 0.815), respectively. FICE 3 improved the delineation of 46.2% of angioectasias, 24.5% of ulcers/erosions and none of the cases of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 53.8% [κ = not available (NA)], 75.5% (κ = NA) and 66.7% (κ = 0.304), respectively. The BF improved the delineation of 15.4% of angioectasias, 61.2% of ulcers/erosions and 25% of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 76.9% (κ = 0.558), 81.6% (κ = 0.570) and 25.0% (κ = NA), respectively. CONCLUSION Virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of angioectasias, ulcers/erosions and villous edema/atrophy detected by SBCE, with almost perfect interobserver agreement for FICE 1.