Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
10006 Laser shock peening of laser powder bed fusion produced Ti6Al4V for potential improvements to implant performance

Titanium alloy based implants are becoming more common with medical advancements and longer global life expectancy. With its geometrical design freedom, low material wastage, and mass customisation, additive manufacturing has found growing use in biomedical applications. In this study, laser shock peening without coating (LSPwC) was investigated as a means to enhance the surface and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V implants. The application of LSPwC was found to induce a favourable surface oxide layer, increase the measured surface roughness and hardness , and reverse the tensile residual stresses imparting deep, high-magnitude compressive residual stresses. The combination of oxide layer, increased roughness, and induced compressive stress will potentially improve implant osseointegration and increase fatigue life.
Reinforcement learning with space carving for plant scanning

Optimal plant reconstruction is an essential element in automating our future agriculture. Computerized inspection of proper growth, nutrition, or pest infestation has become mandatory in fully autonomous in-door or micro-farm settings, shifting from fixed to moving camera systems. In industrial environments, plant scanning must work efficiently with a limited number of significant images to become economically viable. We present an adaptive learning algorithm for agricultural plant inspection robots, in particular, a specific type of reinforcement learning that we developed for our micro-farming platform created within the EU project ROMI. We suggest a new approach to 3D plant reconstruction by integrating the space carving technique with categorical Deep Q-Networks. Space carving leverages images captured from various positions to create a binary voxel grid, representing the occupied and unoccupied spaces of the scanned object. The proposed method incorporates partial 3D reconstructions of plants obtained through space carving, which get compared to a ground truth model to calculate the reward and guide scanning policies. We explain the algorithmic details and the 3D reconstruction technique in design, implementation, and evaluation. Experimental results confirm our approach’s effectiveness in improving the 3D plant reconstruction process, highlighting its potential for further applications in agriculture and related fields.
Using a Pre-Trained Language Model for Context-Aware Error Detection and Correction in Persian language

This paper presents a Persian spell checker 001 called Virastman, which aims to detect and 002 correct non-word and real-word errors in a 003 sentence. A state-of-the-art method based 004 on sequence labeling with BERT detects 005 real-word errors on a small artificially made 006 dataset. An unsupervised model based on 007 BERT is used for correcting errors by calcu-008 lating the probability of each candidate in a 009 sentence (including the detected word). A 010 highly probable candidate word is selected 011 as the correct word if some conditions are 012 met based on two thresholds named α and β . 013 Our experiments across six distinct test sets 014 underscore our proposed methodology’s no-015 table superiority in detecting and correcting 016 real-word and non-word errors compared 017 to the baselines. More specifically, our ap-018 proach demonstrates an average enhance-019 ment of 3.41% in error detection and an 020 average substantial 15% in error correction 021 when assessed using the F 0 . 5 metric, thus 022 surpassing contemporary baselines, estab-023 lishing our method as the state-of-the-art 024 for error detection and correction. 025
Access to modern energy and poverty in regions of Burkina Faso: Evidence from a panel data analysis

- Improving access to modern energy could be an important part of reducing poverty in developing countries. However, the studies of poverty in Burkina Faso have so far neglected this aspect. This article therefore analyzes the effect of access to modern energy on poverty in the 13 regions of Burkina Faso over the period 2003-2018. The results of the Driscoll-Kraay estimation method reveal that access to electricity and access to clean cooking fuels tend to reduce the incidence of poverty. This result suggests the need to strengthen electrification policies and to popularize and promote the use of clean fuels and technologies for cooking in the different regions of Burkina Faso in order to effectively combat poverty.
Productivity growth and job reallocation: Evidence from the garment industry in Vietnam

- The paper investigates the aggregate productivity decomposition in the garment industry of Vietnam between 2000 and 2016. According to the Olley-Pack decomposition, there is an improvement in aggregate productivity because garment firms become more productive and there is some job reallocation from less to more productive firms. Mean-while, the dynamic decomposition indicates that aggregate productivity growth is mainly driven by the dynamic entry-exit flow of firms. When firm ownership is considered, the productivity growth of private firms is principally conducted by their dynamic entry-exit flow, and to a lesser extent, by the productivity improvement of survivor firms. Differently, the dynamic entry-exit flow is the sole factor leading to the productivity growth of state-own-enterprises and foreign firms.
Neighbor-Joining Revealed

It is nearly 20 years since the landmark paper (Saitou and Nei 1987) in Molecular Biology and Evolution introducing Neighbor-Joining (NJ). The method has become the most widely used method for building phylogenetic trees from distances, and the original paper has been cited about 13,000 times (Science Citation Index). Yet the question ‘‘what does the NJ method seek to do? ’’ has until recently proved somewhat elusive, leading to some imprecise claims and misunder-standing. However, a rigorous answer to this question has recently been provided by further mathematical investigation, and the purpose of this note is to highlight these results and their signiﬁcance for interpreting NJ. The origins of this story lie in a paper by Pauplin (2000) though its continuation has unfolded in more mathematically inclined literature. Our aim here is to make these ﬁndings more widely accessible.
Re-setting science and innovation for the next 20 years

The link between scientific research and economic development is intuitively understood, but difficult to prove. This means not only that increasing research investment requires a leap of faith, but also that guarding what money is invested has become paramount. The effect has been management lockdown in an attempt to guarantee no wastage and drive productivity. McKinsey Quarterly points out that very few executives know what it takes to improve productivity of knowledge workers such as scientists. Researchers from Dartmouth College School of Business suggest that the answer is a twist on Skunk Works®, which concentrates innovative effort on a topic, while closing the loop between ideas and results. Building dedicated innovation teams which are free to recruit people who are wayward thinkers is the first step. The teams must also be free from some of the constraints that prevail in the rest of the company. The big difference between innovation teams and Skunk Works is that the teams remain integrated with the main company. The big difference for the scientist is focus on topic and freedom in operation. With the reorganisation of the science system, New Zealand has the chance to create an environment in which scientists flourish, can be truly creative and innovative, and their developments will drive productivity and the economy.
Environmental cystine drives glutamine anaplerosis and sensitizes cancer cells to glutaminase inhibition

Many mammalian cancer cell lines depend on glutamine as a major tri-carboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerotic substrate to support proliferation. However, some cell lines that depend on glutamine anaplerosis in culture rely less on glutamine catabolism to proliferate in vivo. We sought to understand the environmental differences that cause differential dependence on glutamine for anaplerosis. We find that cells cultured in adult bovine serum, which better reflects nutrients available to cells in vivo, exhibit decreased glutamine catabolism and reduced reliance on glutamine anaplerosis compared to cells cultured in standard tissue culture conditions. We find that levels of a single nutrient, cystine, accounts for the differential dependence on glutamine in these different environmental contexts. Further, we show that cystine levels dictate glutamine dependence via the cystine/glutamate antiporter xCT/SLC7A11. Thus, xCT/SLC7A11 expression, in conjunction with environmental cystine, is necessary and sufficient to increase glutamine catabolism, defining important determinants of glutamine anaplerosis and glutaminase dependence in cancer.
ScholarWorks@UARK ScholarWorks@UARK

Gender and graduation rates of first time engineering college students have been analyzed as a function of academic and demographic variables in order to investigate the hypothesis that an advantage to women with respect to student success might be attributed to their socioeconomic advantages as a student population. The authors present descriptive, graphical, and model-based evidence to support their ideas about gender and self-selection driven by socioeconomic phenomena that leave a disproportionate number of women out of higher education, but create a group of female students more likely than their male counterparts to succeed.
Lost in translation [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Translation in cognitive neuroscience remains beyond the horizon, brought no closer by supposed major advances in our understanding of the brain. Unless our explanatory models descend to the individual level—a cardinal requirement for any intervention—their real-world applications will always be limited. Drawing on an analysis of the informational properties of the brain, here we argue that adequate individualisation needs models of far greater dimensionality than has been usual in the field. This necessity arises from the widely distributed causality of neural systems, a consequence of the fundamentally adaptive nature of their developmental and physiological mechanisms. We discuss how recent advances in high-performance computing, combined with collections of large-scale data, enable the high-dimensional modelling we argue is critical to successful translation, and urge its adoption if the ultimate goal of impact on the lives of patients is to be achieved.
A Review of Cockpit-driving Integration for Human-centric Autonomous Driving

This review focuses on the integration of intelligent driving and intelligent cockpit systems. With the advancement of intelligent levels, autonomous vehicles are capable of driving in complex driving context. However, the lack of systems that consider both driver and driving scenarios information reduces the success probability of decision-making of autonomous vehicles in driving context where driver and driving scenarios information are tightly coupled during the human-vehicle cooperation stage. To solve this problem, we present the Cockpit-Driving Integration system (CDI) and review perception and decision-making algorithms for CDI systems. Additionally, to achieve human-centric autonomous vehicles, we propose that the CDI system should consider the personalized characteristics of drivers. Finally, we present a framework for CDI systemsˆA
evaluation of carbon dioxide rebreathing during exercise assisted by noninvasive ventilation with plateau exhalation valve

: Noninvasive ventilation with a plateau exhalation valve (PEV) is often used as an adjunct to exercise to achieve a physiologic training effect in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, during exercise, with the increase of exhalation flow and respiratory rate and limited capability of PEV to exhale gases out of the circuit, it is still unknown whether CO 2 rebreathing occurs in COPD patients ventilated during exercise assisted by single-limb circuit with a PEV. A maximal symptom-limited cycle exercise test was performed while ventilated on pressure support (inspiratory:expiratory pressure 14:4 cmH 2 O) in 18 male patients with stable severe COPD (mean ± standard deviation, forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 29.5% ± 6.9% predicted). At rest and during exercise, breathing pattern, mean expiratory flow, mean expiratory flow of PEV, and the mean inspiratory fraction of CO 2 (tidal fractional concentration of inspired CO 2 [FiCO 2 ]) reinsufflated from the circuit was measured for each breath. In comparison with rest, with the significant increase of mean expiratory flow (0.39 ± 0.15 vs 0.82 ± 0.27 L/s), fractional concentration of end-tidal CO 2 (2.6% ± 0.7% vs 5.5% ± 0.6%), and the significant decrease of mean expiratory flow of PEV (0.41 ± 0.02 vs 0.39 ± 0.03 L/s), tidal FiCO 2 significantly increased at peak exercise (0.48% ± 0.19% vs 1.8% ± 0.6%) in patients with stable severe COPD. The inflection point of obvious CO 2 rebreathing was 0.67 ± 0.09 L/s (95% confidence interval 0.60–0.73 L/s). Ventilated by a single-limb tubing with PEV caused CO 2 rebreathing to COPD patients during exercise. Patients with mean expiratory flow . 0.60–0.73 L/s may be predisposed to a higher risk of CO 2 rebreathing.
03008 The effect of increasing hafnium on the microstructure, phase transformation temperatures and hardness of TiPtHf potential shape memory alloys

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are popular due to their ability to regain their original shape after plastic deformation. Binary TiPt alloys have low shape memory effects and as such, alloying elements are added to improve these properties. The effect of alloying and increasing the Hf in binary Ti 50 Pt 50 to form ternary
T OOL : A UTOMATICALLY E XTRACTING H ARDWARE D ESCRIPTIONS FROM PDF T ECHNICAL D OCUMENTATION

The ever-increasing selection of microcontrollers brings the challenge of porting embedded software to new devices through much manual work, while code generators are used only in special cases. Since, in practice, usable data is limited to machine-readable formats and the substantial amount of technical documentation is difficult to access due to the print-oriented nature of PDF, we identify the need for a processor to access the PDFs and extract data with a high quality to enable more code generation of embedded software. In this paper, we design and implement a modular processor for extracting detailed data sets from technical documentation using deterministic table processing for thousands of micro-controllers: device identifiers, interrupt tables, package and pinouts, pin functions, and register maps. Our evaluation of STMicro documentation compares the completeness and correctness of these data sets against existing machine-readable sources with a weighted average of 96.5 % across almost 6 million data points while also finding several issues in both sources. We show that our tool yields very accurate data with only limited manual effort and can enable and enhance a significant amount of existing and new code generation use cases in the embedded software domain that are currently limited by a lack of machine-readable data sources.
ScholarWorks@UARK ScholarWorks@UARK

Hemagglutinin is a protein on the surface of Human Influenza Viruses. 1 It is composed of two glycopolypeptide domains, the HA1 and HA2 domains. Previous studies have found that across different strains of Influenza viruses, HIS435 residues remain conserved. 4 In studies where mutations occurred in hinge-site histadine residues, the Influenza virus was inactive. 4 These investigations indicated a significant role of HIS435 (hinge-site histadines) in virulence. Four systems were created using Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Each system was composed of an Isolated HA2 trimer solvated in a 150 mM NaCl rectangular water box at 310 K under isobaric and isothermal conditions . Conditions after endosomal acidification were simulated in two of the systems by protonating their HIS435 residues. Two systems remained with neutral HIS435 residues to simulate conditions before endosomal acidification. This experimental model was implemented to study the role of HIS435 on the mechanistic change in HA2 after endosomal acidification. The simulations were run for one microsecond. During this timeframe, all systems exhibited small-scale conformational changes, however a large-scale conformational change was not observed. This investigation is a continuation of previous research which had studied the microsecond-level conformational change of the full Hemagglutinin protein as it relates to pH and hinge histidine protonation states using molecular dynamics simulations.
Shortages of Critical Goods in a Global Economy: Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy ECONOMIC RESEARCH

This paper studies the role for optimal trade and industrial policy to mitigate shortages of critical goods following global shocks. We develop a dynamic model of trade with producers of essential and non-essential goods owned by heterogeneous households under incomplete markets. Shocks that increase global demand for critical goods lead to underinvestment relative to an economy with a representative household or complete markets. Trade exacerbates the shock as producers reallocate domestic sales toward exports. Shortages can be mitigated, increasing welfare, by taxing exports while subsidizing imports and production. These policy changes are consistent with cross-country evidence following recent shocks.
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

Globally, light pollution is a phenomenon rising in its appearance and threatening human health and natural habitats for flora and fauna. Consequently, there is a great interest in interdisciplinary communities to keep an eye on its occurrence and development. One possibility to obtain meaningful data are satellite-based observations, coming mainly from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) capturing top-of-the-atmosphere radiance levels originating from Earth’s surface. Tools designed to easily inspect monthly averaged data of this instrument are web applications. In this work, we focus on dark sky areas in Austria, namely 47 nature parks
Seminar Paper: Overview of Approaches for Application-Specific Energy Requirement Analysis on Embedded Processors

Embedded, ultra-low-power processors are currently being used increasingly in many different application areas. An active field of research is placed on determining the worst-case energy consumption or worst-case power requirements of such a processor which executes an application-specific program as precisely as possible, in order to scale the power supply or expected runtime of a system suitably. This seminar paper presents two approaches for determining worst-case energy consumption and peak power requirements by Hari Cherupalli et al. and James Pallister et al. The approaches presented are then compared with other selected methods and experiments are carried out to reproduce results.
Identifying the role played by climate change in agricultural productivity: evidence from Iraq

This research focuses on examining the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity (AP) in Iraq, considering factors such as CO 2 emissions (EQ), average rainfall (RAIN), temperature (TEMP), arable area (AA), energy consumption (EC), and agricultural employment (EA). GDP per capita (GDPC) and urbanization (UP) are also studied as control variables. The study employs quantitative secondary research using time series data from 2000 to 2021 and utilizes ordinary least squares to analyze the data collected from the World Development Indicators. EA has a positive but insignificant influence on agricultural productivity, while EC and its lagged value show negative and insignificant impacts. Conversely, the present value of EQ negatively impacts AP, while lagged value has a positive impact on AP. Both results are significant. Additionally, RAIN, REA, and AA are found to have positive impacts on AP, with RAIN and AA showing significance. GDPC, UP, and temperature exhibit insignificant impacts on AP. The study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between climate change and agricultural productivity in Iraq.
Towards Sustainable Low Carbon Emission Mini Data Centres

Mini data centres have become increasingly prevalent in diverse organizations in recent years. They can be easily deployed at large scale, with high resilience. They are also cost-effective and provide high-security protection. On the other hand, IT technologies have resulted in the development of ever more energy-efficient servers, leading to the periodic replacement of older-generation servers in mini data centres. However, the disposal of older servers has resulted in electronic waste that further aggravates the already critical e-waste problem. Furthermore, despite the shift towards more energy-efficient servers, many mini data centres still rely heavily on high-carbon energy sources. This contributes to data centres’ overall carbon footprint. All these issues are concerns for sustainability. In order to address this sustainability issue, this paper proposes an approach to extend the lifespan of older-generation servers in mini data centres. This is made possible thanks to a novel solar-powered computing technology, named Genesis, that compensates for the energy overhead generated by older servers. As a result, electronic waste can be reduced while improving system sustainability by reusing functional server hardware. Moreover, Genesis does not require server cooling, which reduces energy and water requirements. Analytical reasoning is applied to compare the efficiency of typical conventional mini data centre designs against alternative Genesis-based designs, in terms of energy, carbon emissions and exploitation costs.
Dequalinium Chloride for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective/Purpose Women at reproductive age frequently experience vulvovaginal infections and vaginitis. The most common etiologies are vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV), desquamative inflammatory vaginitis/aerobic vaginitis, and trichomoniasis. Various treatment options are available for these infections, such as specific antimicrobial or antiseptic agents. Dequalinium chloride (DQC) is a local antiseptic agent with a broad antimicrobial and antifungal spectrum. Multiple studies suggest that DQC is an efficient treatment for vaginal infections; however, it is not widely recommended as a first-line treatment. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of DQC compared with that of standard treatment. Methods Our systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and clinicaltrials.org were searched to retrieve relevant reports up to October 2022. Results Four randomized controlled studies and 1 observational study were included in this review. Overall, DQC showed noninferiority to the reference treatments for BV and VVC, and to the evaluated treatment options for desquamative inflammatory vaginitis/aerobic vaginitis. For BV and VVC, this could also be confirmed in a meta-analysis including 3 randomized controlled studies. No serious adverse events were reported in any of these studies. Conclusions Dequalinium chloride offers a safe, well-tolerated, and efficient treatment option for vulvovaginal infections of different etiologies. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings and allow inclusion of DQC as a first-line treatment into guidelines.