Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identiﬁcation of Dynamic Systems with Position Dependent Load Parameters

—Cascaded control is still the most common and convenient structure in standard commercial drives. The most convenient tuning method is to apply calculation rules on an ofﬂine identiﬁed frequency response of the open-loop system. Obviously, this standard approach is only valid for linear time-invariant systems. However, the mechanical dynamics of modern machines very often depend on the angular position of the driven axis. Consequently, the system is time-variant and linearisation is needed to obtain an open-loop frequency response. In this paper, a system identiﬁcation approach based on this linearisation is presented for dynamic systems with variable load torque and variable load inertia. The feasibility of this approach is validated with measurements on an industrial case.
Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen Self-Doping Carbon Materials Prepared by Pyrolysis and Activation of Defatted Microalgae

Pyrolysis and activation processes are important pathways to utilize residues after lipid extraction from microalgae in a high-value way. The obtained microalgae-based nitrogen-doped activated carbon has excellent electrochemical performance. It has the advantage of nitrogen self-doping using high elemental nitrogen in microalgae. In this study, two kinds of microalgae, Nanochloropsis and Chlorella, were used as feedstock for lipid extraction. The microalgae residue was firstly pyrolyzed at 500 °C to obtain biochar. Then, nitrogen-doped activated carbons were synthesized at an activation temperature of 700–900 °C with different ratios of biochar and KOH (1:1, 1:2, and 1:4). The obtained carbon materials presented rich nitrogen functional groups, including quaternary-N, pyridine-N-oxide, pyrrolic-N, and pyridinic-N. The nitrogen content of microalgae-based activated carbon material was up to 2.62%. The obtained materials had a specific surface area of up to 3186 m2/g and a pore volume in the range of 0.78–1.54 cm3/g. The microporous pore sizes of these materials were distributed at around 0.4 nm. Through electrochemical testing such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge of materials, the materials exhibited good reversibility and high charge–discharge efficiency. The sample, sourced from microalgae Chlorella residue at activation conditions of 700 °C and biochar/KOH = 1:4, exhibited excellent endurance of 94.1% over 5000 cycles at 2 A/g. Its high specific capacitance was 432 F/g at 1 A/g.
Comparison of peripheral leukocyte parameters in patients receiving conventionally and hypofractionated radiotherapy schemes for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma

Introduction Treatment for glioblastomas, aggressive and nearly uniformly fatal brain tumors, provide limited long-term success. Immunosuppression by myeloid cells in both the tumor microenvironment and systemic circulation are believed to contribute to this treatment resistance. Standard multi-modality therapy includes conventionally fractionated radiotherapy over 6 weeks; however, hypofractionated radiotherapy over 3 weeks or less may be appropriate for older patients or populations with poor performance status. Lymphocyte concentration changes have been reported in patients with glioblastoma; however, monocytes are likely a key cell type contributing to immunosuppression in glioblastoma. Peripheral monocyte concentration changes in patients receiving commonly employed radiation fractionation schemes are unknown. Methods To determine the effect of conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated radiotherapy on complete blood cell leukocyte parameters, retrospective longitudinal concentrations were compared prior to, during, and following standard chemoradiation treatment. Results This study is the first to report increased monocyte concentrations and decreased lymphocyte concentrations in patients treated with conventionally fractionated radiotherapy compared to hypofractionated radiotherapy. Discussion Understanding the impact of fractionation on peripheral blood leukocytes is important to inform selection of dose fractionation schemes for patients receiving radiotherapy.
Loss of Cadherin-11 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma alters tumor-immune microenvironment

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the top five deadliest forms of cancer with very few treatment options. The 5-year survival rate for PDAC is 10% following diagnosis. Cadherin 11 (Cdh11), a cell-to-cell adhesion molecule, has been suggested to promote tumor growth and immunosuppression in PDAC, and Cdh11 inhibition significantly extended survival in mice with PDAC. However, the mechanisms by which Cdh11 deficiency influences PDAC progression and anti-tumor immune responses have yet to be fully elucidated. To investigate Cdh11-deficiency induced changes in PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), we crossed p48-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ (KPC) mice with Cdh11+/- mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the non-immune (CD45-) and immune (CD45+) compartment of KPC tumor-bearing Cdh11 proficient (KPC-Cdh11+/+ ) and Cdh11 deficient (KPC-Cdh11+/- ) mice. Our analysis showed that Cdh11 is expressed primarily in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and at low levels in epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cdh11 deficiency altered the molecular profile of CAFs, leading to a decrease in the expression of myofibroblast markers such as Acta2 and Tagln and cytokines such as Il6, Il33 and Midkine (Mdk). We also observed a significant decrease in the presence of monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils in KPC-Cdh11+/- tumors while the proportion of T cells was increased. Additionally, myeloid lineage cells from Cdh11-deficient tumors had reduced expression of immunosuppressive cytokines that have previously been shown to play a role in immune suppression. In summary, our data suggests that Cdh11 deficiency significantly alters the fibroblast and immune microenvironments and contributes to the reduction of immunosuppressive cytokines, leading to an increase in anti-tumor immunity and enhanced survival.
A Hybrid Methodology to Assess Cyber Resilience of IoT in Energy Management and Connected Sites

Cyber threats and vulnerabilities present an increasing risk to the safe and frictionless execution of business operations. Bad actors (“hackers”), including state actors, are increasingly targeting the operational technologies (OTs) and industrial control systems (ICSs) used to protect critical national infrastructure (CNI). Minimisations of cyber risk, attack surfaces, data immutability, and interoperability of IoT are some of the main challenges of today’s CNI. Cyber security risk assessment is one of the basic and most important activities to identify and quantify cyber security threats and vulnerabilities. This research presents a novel i-TRACE security-by-design CNI methodology that encompasses CNI key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics to combat the growing vicarious nature of remote, well-planned, and well-executed cyber-attacks against CNI, as recently exemplified in the current Ukraine conflict (2014–present) on both sides. The proposed methodology offers a hybrid method that specifically identifies the steps required (typically undertaken by those responsible for detecting, deterring, and disrupting cyber attacks on CNI). Furthermore, we present a novel, advanced, and resilient approach that leverages digital twins and distributed ledger technologies for our chosen i-TRACE use cases of energy management and connected sites. The key steps required to achieve the desired level of interoperability and immutability of data are identified, thereby reducing the risk of CNI-specific cyber attacks and minimising the attack vectors and surfaces. Hence, this research aims to provide an extra level of safety for CNI and OT human operatives, i.e., those tasked with and responsible for detecting, deterring, disrupting, and mitigating these cyber-attacks. Our evaluations and comparisons clearly demonstrate that i-TRACE has significant intrinsic advantages compared to existing “state-of-the-art” mechanisms.
Measuring Single-Cell Calcium Dynamics Using a Myofilament-Localized Optical Biosensor in hiPSC-CMs Derived from DCM Patients

Synchronized contractions of cardiomyocytes within the heart are tightly coupled to electrical stimulation known as excitation-contraction coupling. Calcium plays a key role in this process and dysregulated calcium handling can significantly impair cardiac function and lead to the development of cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Here, we describe a method and analytical technique to study myofilament-localized calcium signaling using the intensity-based fluorescent biosensor, RGECO-TnT. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disease that negatively impacts the heart’s contractile function following dilatation of the left ventricle. We demonstrate how this biosensor can be used to characterize 2D hiPSC-CMs monolayers generated from a healthy control subject compared to two patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. Lastly, we provide a step-by-step guide for single-cell data analysis and describe a custom Transient Analysis application, specifically designed to quantify features of calcium transients. All in all, we explain how this analytical approach can be applied to phenotype hiPSC-CM behaviours and stratify patient responses to identify perturbations in calcium signaling.
The Plant Blindness Profile of Secondary School Students

Students' learning abilities, especially about plants, must be broader and more diverse. The lack of knowledge about the existence of plants in the environment so that they forget the role of the plants themselves for life. This study aims to analyze the percentage of plant blindness in secondary school students. The method used in the research is descriptive qualitative. In this study, data collection used questionnaires and interviews, data analysis was used to identify plant blindness in students in recognizing local vegetables by using statistical methods. The results showed that junior high school students had a higher rate of plant blindness than senior high school students. With a score range of ≥70%, junior high school students received 37.77% and senior high school students received 76.20%. Junior high school students with a score range of ≤70 were 62.23% and senior high school students were 23.8%, there is a considerable difference in value between the two value categories. In the future, students are expected to be more interested in knowing plants, especially local vegetables so that they can prevent plant blindness and can conserve local vegetables, besides that, teachers can make local vegetables a new learning resource for students.
Prefrontal cortical hemodynamics and functional network organization during Tai Chi standing meditation: an fNIRS study

Introduction Tai Chi standing meditation (Zhan Zhuang, also called pile standing) is characterized by meditation, deep breathing, and mental focus based on theories of traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of the present study was to explore prefrontal cortical hemodynamics and the functional network organization associated with Tai Chi standing meditation by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Methods Twenty-four channel fNIRS signals were recorded from 24 male Tai Chi Quan practitioners (54.71 ± 8.04 years) while standing at rest and standing during Tai Chi meditation. The general linear model and the SPM method were used to analyze the fNIRS signals. Pearson correlation was calculated to determine the functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortical sub-regions. The small world properties of the FC networks were then further analyzed based on graph theory. Results During Tai Chi standing meditation, significantly higher concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin were observed in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), frontal eye field (FEF), and pre-motor cortex (PMC) compared with the values measured during standing rest (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, significant decreases in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration were observed in left VLPFC, right PMC and DLPFC during Tai Chi standing meditation than during standing rest (p < 0.05). Functional connectivity between the left and right PFC was also significantly stronger during the Tai Chi standing meditation (p < 0.05). The functional brain networks exhibited small-world architecture, and more network hubs located in DLPFC and VLPFC were identified during Tai Chi standing meditation than during standing rest. Discussion These findings suggest that Tai Chi standing meditation introduces significant changes in the cortical blood flow and the brain functional network organization.
Review of agricultural plastic mulching and its residual pollution and prevention measures in China.

Agricultural plastic film mulching is one of important technologies, but the plastic film pollution has been a serious issue for agri-cultural sustainable development in China. System analysis of this technique and its residue pollution and control ways have vital practical significance for rational application of agricultural plastil film. In this paper, on the basis of our previous work,agricultural plastic film mulching, its residue pollution and control technologies were concluded. Some important conclusions were found that, the amount of plastic film and mulching area had kept increasing with annual increasing rate about 8% since the 80s of the 20th century. From 1991 to 2011, the density of plastic film utilized increased 3~10 times, but it has very sharply different spatial pattern in different province. In general, the north and west China has high value, and the increase rate is also huge in the past 20 years. The crops of utilized mulching plastic film have extended from cash crops to grain crops, and the order of crop area is followed by maize, vegetable, cotton, tobacco and peanut. The main functions of mulching plastic film are keeping soil moisture and increasing soil temperature, against weeds and insect. At the same time, its side effects appear with continuous utilization. The main problems are residues left in soil to destroy soil structure, impress soil permeability, impede seed germination as well as water and nutrients uptaking, and block crop root system development. It has very serious pollution for the field utilized plastic mulching film for long term. The residual amount in soil is about 71.9~259.1 kg·hm-2, and has sharply spatial difference. The residual amount in soil. In Northwest China, is more serious than that in North China and Southwest China. Because of difference of tillage and appli-cation ways, there are great differences on the area and shape of the plastic film piece left in soil. The main types of shapes are flaky, crispat-ural cylindric and spherality existed in soil as horizontal, vertical and incline state. In present, there are machinery harvesting technique, re-ducing plastic film mulching technique, replacing technique with biodegradable plastic film to against this pollution. For plastic film residues pollution countermeasures, it is necessary to revise the standard of plastic film and strive monitoring the quality of plastic film, improve the retrievability of plastic residue; It is also necessary to extend reducing plastic film mulching technique, harvesting techniques and increase harvesting rate of residue; strength the adaption study and promote the rational utilization of agricultural plastic film.
Application of terrestrial laser scanning measurements for wind turbine blade condition surveying

Wind turbines are among the key equipment needed for eco-friendly generation of electricity. Maintaining wind turbines in excellent technical condition is extremely important not only for safety but also for eﬃcient operation. Studies indicate that defects in the external structure of a turbine blade reduce energy production eﬃciency. This research investigated the potential of the terrestrial laser scanning technology to examine the technical conditions of wind turbine blades. The main aim of the study was to examine whether terrestrial laser scanning measurements can be valuable for wind turbine blade condition surveying. The investigation was based on the radiometric analyses of point clouds, which forms the novelty of the present study. Condition monitoring focuses on the detection of defects, such as cracks, cavities, or signs of erosion. Moreover, this study consisted of two stages. The next objective entailed the development and examination of two diﬀerent measurement methods. It was then identiﬁed which method is more advantageous by analysing their eﬀectiveness and other economic considerations.
Team Skill Metrics that Span Human-Human and Human-Agent Teams: An Initial Assessment

Team skill metrics were operationalized by translating team constructs to metrics based on observable behaviors. As human coordination with autonomous agents turns to collaboration, humans may increasingly view agents as teammates. This transition will require agents to possess team skills and necessitate appropriate metrics for measuring team skills across human-agent and human-human teams. Thirty-eight teaming metrics were developed across five stages of teaming: preparation, execution, evaluation, adjustment, and team chemistry. Behaviors from 78 multiplayer gameplay videos were coded to establish which metrics could be measured via observable behaviors. An exploratory assessment demonstrated that the metrics captured teaming differences in team composition (human-human teams vs. human-agent teams) and three levels of team expertise. Results suggest that these team skill metrics could aid agent designers in anticipating the team dynamics of humans working with their agents.
Determination of Aquifer Transport Parameters

The mathematical simulation of dispersive pollution transport for any ground-water field is possible provided all physical parameters appearing in the governing partial differential equation are defined. The present work deals with determining the flow velocity, flow direction, and longitudinal and transverse dispersion coefficients. A use of the multi-well tracer technique with the instantaneous input is suggested. An original method for solving the inverse problem is derived. This method provides possibility of simultaneous determining all four above mentioned parameters from the experiment involving only two observation wells. The identification procedure is based upon fitting the analytical linearized model to experimental data. The favorable geometric conditions for setting up the field experiment are given. The method was tested on computer-simulated data sets.
Billboard Location and Product Purchase Intention of Selected Fast Moving Consumer Goods Companies in Lagos State, Nigeria

A b s t r a c t oday's consumers demand different commodities T based on their taste, and preference for them, however, personalised and interactive messages presented through various medium in seeking consumers attention depends on how these products are presented to the understanding of the consumer. Fast moving consumer goods manufacturing companies are reporting financial losses year in year out due to their product not being advertised. Some fast moving consumer goods manufacturing companies have experienced low patronage of their products for not advertising. This study evaluated the effect of billboard location on product purchase intention in selected fast moving consumer goods manufacturing companies in Lagos state, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consists of individuals living in Lagos State with total number of 2,556,300 and with the sample size of 520 derived from Taro Yamane method. Data was collected using self – administered structured questionnaire and validated for a response rate of 93.4%. Cronbach Alpha reliability for major constructs had an average of 0.80. Random sampling technique was used. The data collected was analysed using liner and multiple regression. Findings revealed that there is a strong positive and significant relationship between point of sale display and product 2 purchase intention (R = 0.617, p<0.05). The study recommends that consumers are the key drivers of any FMCGs manufacturing company as such they need to be an increased awareness of their products' value through out – of-home advertisement for repeated purchases of their goods.
Initiatives, public trust, and citizen engagement during crises: A comparative analysis across Baltic states

The purpose of this study is to investigate the interplay between government initiatives, public trust in government, and citizen engagement within the context of two distinct crisis scenarios: a global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and an international security crisis caused by Russian aggression against Ukraine. A two-stage biennial survey methodology is used to collect quantitative data. In the first phase, which took place in the context of a global health crisis, an omnibus survey was conducted, involving a randomly selected sample of 3,175 respondents from three Baltic countries: Estonia (n = 1002), Latvia (n = 1017), and Lithuania (n = 1006). In the second stage, which took place in the context of an international security crisis, a random sample was carried out of 2026 respondents from two Baltic countries: Estonia (n = 1002) and Lithuania (n = 1024). The analysis examined causal relationships in political, rational, and social trust.The findings reveal that the relationship between trust in the government and government initiatives that foster political, rational, or emotional trust is stronger during international security crises than during health crises. This means that citizens perceive government behavior as more credible in the context of external security threats. Research on the interaction between government behavior and citizen participation is more nuanced than on public trust. In general, government initiatives have a greater impact on citizen participation than public trust in both crises. This highlights the positive impact of government initiatives in cooperation with the population. AcknowledgmentThe study is financed from the funds of the study-supporting project “Research on the Management of Security and Defense Institutions of Small States” (General Jonas Žemaitis Lithuanian Military Academy, 2020-12-17, No. V-828).
Microphysical mesoscale simulations of polar stratospheric cloud formation constrained by in situ measurements of chemical and optical cloud properties

[1] A detailed microphysical model has been used to simulate polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) formed in mountain leewaves over northern Scandinavia and observed in a balloonborne multi-instrument flight on 25 January 2000. The measurements show cloud layers of large solid particles with nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) compositions at relatively high temperatures and layers containing liquid particles with supercooled ternary solution compositions at very low temperatures. The same PSC particle layers have been observed several times during the 2 1/2 h flight, offering a nearly Lagrangian picture of the particle evolution. The applied PSC model describes homogeneous freezing of ice below the ice frost point and diffusion-limited nonequilibrium and size-dependent growth and composition of liquid and solid-phase particles. The microphysical box model calculations are performed on two isentropic surfaces, corresponding to different observed particle layers, using temperature histories from combined high-resolution nonhydrostatic mesoscale and synoptic-scale model analyses of the meteorological conditions characterized by strong mountain leewaves. The calculated particle composition, physical phase, and particle size distributions are compared with the in situ measurements of the same particle properties. It appears that homogeneous freezing of ice in liquid solutions a few degrees below the ice frost point and subsequent release of NAT at higher temperatures might explain the characteristics of the observed solid PSC particles.