Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Complexity Rake Receivers in Ultra-Wideband Channels

One of the major issues for the design of ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers is the need to recover the signal energy dispersed over many multipath components, while keeping the receiver complexity low. To this aim we consider two schemes for reduced-complexity UWB Rake receivers, both of which combine a subset of the available resolved multipath components. The first method, called partial Rake (PRake), combines theirs/ arriving multipath components. The second is known as selective Rake (SRake) and combines the instantaneously strongest multipath components. We evaluate and compare the link performance of these Rake receivers in different UWB channels, whose models are based on extensive propagation measurements. We quantify the effect of the channel characteristics on the receiver performance, analyzing in particular the influence of small-scale fading statistics. We find that for dense channels the performance of the simpler PRake receiver is almost as good as that of the SRake receiver, even for a small number of fingers. In sparse channels, however, the SRake outperforms the PRake significantly. We also show that for a fixed transmitted energy there is an optimum transmission bandwidth
Oncogenic viruses in AIDS: mechanisms of disease and intrathoracic manifestations.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to introduce the reader to the thoracic manifestations of neoplasms that are related to common oncogenic viruses in HIV-infected patients. We review the pathologic basis of the infections and illustrate the imaging features of their thoracic manifestations. CONCLUSION The intrathoracic manifestations of oncogenic viral infection in AIDS patients are protean. Understanding their epidemiologic, pathologic, and imaging features is crucial to diagnosing and managing these often-treatable conditions.
Response of Isolated Monkey Coronary Arteries to Catecholamines and to Transmural Electrical Stimulation

In helically cut strips of monkey coronary arteries of different sizes, contracted with pro8taglandin F2α, or K+, responses to norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and transmural electrical stimulation were compared. In response to norepinephrine, only contractions were induced in large arteries, contractions at low concentrations and relaxations at high concentrations in mediumsize arteries, and only relaxations in small arteries. Epinephrine produced a greater contraction than norepinephrine in the arteries. Relaxant effects of isoproterenol were greater in small and mediumsize arteries than in large arteries. Transmural electrical stimulation applied at frequencies of 2, 5, and 20 Hz to strips of medium-size arteries produced a frequency-dependent contraction that was reversed to a relaxation following treatment with phentolamine. Propranolol abolished the relaxation. In strips of dog coronary arteries of medium size, transmural stimulation elicited only a relaxation which was suppressed or reversed to a contraction by propranolol. Dog arteries of this sixe responded to norepinephrine and epinephrine with only a relaxation. It may be concluded that the quantity or the susceptibility of α-adrenoceptors is in the order of large 2: medium > small-size arteries from monkeys, whereas that of β-adrenoceptors is in the order of medium «= small > large arteries. Monkey coronary arteries appear to respond to endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine with a contraction more consistently than dog coronary arteries. Circ Res 49: 1328–1236, 1881
Evidence for secular trends in children’s physical activity behaviour

It is not clear whether the global increase in weight problems in children is the result of excessive energy intake or decreasing energy expenditure. Methodological limitations have made it difficult to analyse. There is evidence that at least part of the problem may lie with increasing energy consumption, but it is important to examine the other side of the energy equation also. However, it is not possible to conclusively describe physical activity trends because of the absence of suitable baseline data. One solution is to summate all available evidence in as many areas of daily activities as possible and then draw tentative conclusions. This review summarises available trend data on direct representations of physical activity in a range of contexts, together with indirect measures such as sedentariness, fitness, and attitudes. The conclusions drawn are: physical activity in clearly defined contexts such as active transport, school physical education, and organised sports is declining in many countries; young people would like to be active but are often constrained by external factors such as school policy or curricula, parental rules in relation to safety and convenience, and physical environmental factors.
The cellular response to curvature-induced stress

We present a theoretical model to explain recent observations of the orientational response of cells to unidirectional curvature. Experiments show that some cell types when plated on a rigid cylindrical surface tend to reorient their shape and stress fibers along the axis of the cylinder, while others align their stress fibers perpendicular to that axis. Our model focuses on the competition of the shear stress—that results from cell adhesion and active contractility—and the anisotropic bending stiffness of the stress fibers. We predict the cell orientation angle that results from the balance of these two forces in a mechanical equilibrium. The conditions under which the different experimental observations can be obtained are discussed in terms of the theory.
User individuality based cost-sensitive learning: A case study in finger vein recognition

State-of-the-art cost-sensitive learning based techniques in biometrics ignore cost difference between users and determine the loss only based on the misrecognition category. In practice, this may not always hold and the user individuality may also affect the loss of misrecognition. For example, misrecognizing an imposter as an administrator can cause a much more serious loss than misrecognizing it as a normal user. At the same time, two administrators/normal users may have different probability to accept imposter. To confidently prevent the high-probability error, the cost of false acceptance for one user with a high probability should be larger than it for the other users. To make cost definition more reasonable and further lower misrecognition cost of a recognition system, we propose to incorporate the user individuality, i.e., user role and user gullibility, into the traditional cost-sensitive learning model through defining an improved object function. By employing the new model, we further develop a user role and gullibility based mckNN (rg-mckNN). Experimental results on finger vein databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The brewing storm in cloud gaming: A measurement study on cloud to end-user latency

Cloud computing has been a revolutionary force in changing the way organizations deploy web applications and services. However, many of cloud computing's core design tenets, such as consolidating resources into a small number of datacenters and fine-grain partitioning of general purpose computing resources, conflict with an emerging class of multimedia applications that is highly latency sensitive and requires specialized hardware, such as graphic processing units (GPUs) and fast memory. In this paper, we look closely at one such application, namely, on-demand gaming (also known as cloud gaming), that has the potential to radically change the multi-billion dollar video game industry. We demonstrate through a large-scale measurement study that the current cloud computing infrastructure is unable to meet the strict latency requirements necessary for acceptable game play for many end-users, thus limiting the number of potential users for an on-demand gaming service. We further investigate the impact of augmenting the current cloud infrastructure with servers located near the end-users, such as those found in content distribution networks, and show that the user coverage significantly increases even with the addition of only a small number of servers.
Stabilization and robustness analysis for a chemostat model with two species and monod growth rates via a Lyapunov approach

We study a two species chemostat model with one limiting substrate. We design feedback controllers so that an equilibrium with arbitrary prescribed species concentrations becomes globally asymptotically stable. The novelty of our work is that we assume that only a linear combination of the species concentrations is available for measurement, combined with our use of Lyapunov function methods to generate stable coexistence and quantify the effects of disturbances. Our closed-loop error dynamics are integral input-to-state stable with respect to small perturbations of the controllers. Hence, no matter what initial positive levels for the species concentrations and substrate are selected, the long term species and substrate levels remain close to the equilibrium, even when there are small unexpected changes in the dilution rate and input nutrient concentration. This is a highly desirable robustness property, because the dilution rate is prone to actuator errors. We illustrate our approach using a numerical example.
Ethnomedicine: use in dental caries

Ubiquitousness and increasing prevalence of dental caries makes it one of the most important problems in public health. Due to high cost and lack of resources at primary levels prevention is better in dental caries. Since the origin is related to bacteria, antibacterial is mainstay of treatment. Lack of high efficacy with antibacterial agents, unwanted effects and resistance to these agents are drawing attention of scientists to search for new and better drugs. Plants products are currently gaining attention for treatment of various ailments. Although, these has been exploited for various oral ailments this article describes use of plants products for prevention and cure of dental caries.
About the development of an interactive assistance system for impaired employees in manual order picking

For the user-centered development of an assistance system for manual order picking with impaired people, the interaction partners "human and machine" are interviewed and examined in a first analysis. A survey of user-tasks and --requirements was carried out in form of an expert interview with a questionnaire in a sheltered workshop. Thereby 78 questionnaires about impaired employees are filled in by the pedagogical staff of the sheltered workshop. The results of the evaluation give information about the properties and capabilities, but also about the personal benefits of such a system for the impaired people. The evaluated results serve as a framework for the hardware- and software-design of the order picking system.
Definition of Genetic Factors in Hypertension: A Search for Major Genes. Polygenes, and Homogeneous Subtypes

Summary: Essential hypertension is a heterogeneous group of disorders with different causes. This report report reviews approaches taken and results found in current studies of the genetic and environmental determinants of essential hypertension. Recent observations from the University of Utah Cardiovascular Genetics Research Clinic and published data from other studies are cited. Several biochemical tests show strong associations with hypertension and substantial major gene and or poly genie determination including: urinary kallikrein eeretion, intracellular sodium concentration. Sodium-lithium countertransport, plasma haptoglobin phenotypes. MN blood group, and famitial dyslipidemia.
Empirical Support for Psychological Assessment in Clinical Health Care Settings

Psychologists in health care settings today find it increasingly difficult to obtain authorization and appropriate reimbursement for psychological assessments from 3rd party payers. Authorization and reimbursement denials often are based on allegations that empirical support for the utility and validity of psychological tests is nonexistent or limited. This article reviews a sample of the considerable empirical support that exists for the utility and validity of a variety of psychological tests for a wide range of clinical health care applications. Informed by data such as these, psychologists should become more effective in their abilities to seek authorization and reimbursement for assessment and overturning denials.
The IRAM key project: small-scale structure of pre-star forming regions.

One objective of the IRAM key project small-scale structure of pre-star forming regions is to determine the contin- uation of the mass spectra for molecular cloud fragments and other scaling laws from large scales down to smallest scales ac- cessible with single-dish telescopes. In this Letter we present rst results of the combination of the small scale data from this project and large scale data obtained with the CfA 1.2m and the KOSMA 3m telescopes for the Polaris Flare analyzed using a Gaussian clump decomposition. For data in the 12 CO J=1! 0 and 2! 1 lines we nd no deviation from the power law slope of the mass spectra ( dN dM / M 1:84 ), over a range in masses of more than at least 5 orders of magnitudes, from masses of several 10M down to Jupiter masses. The size spectrum is in agreement with a power law of the form dN dr / r 3:0 . The mass-size relation is a power law of the form M / r 2:31 over a range of more than 2 orders of magnitudes in size.
Corrosivity Evaluation of Steel Members near the Air-Liquid Interface Using a Ground Corrosion Sensor

In a previous study, the authors have developed a ground corrosion sensor to evaluate the corrosivity of steel members near the ground. This research aimed at the fundamental investigation of the output properties and practicality of a ground corrosion sensor. The output characteristics were verified by two electrochemical tests. The corrosion rates were evaluated using sensor measurements and indoor exposure tests by simulating NaCl aqueous solution environments, which contain air-liquid interfaces. Besides, the actual corrosion depths obtained from the exposure tests were compared with those estimated by the sensor. Moreover, an evaluation method for time-dependent corrosion depth prediction of steel members using the corrosion sensor was proposed.
JTT-705: is there still future for a CETP inhibitor after torcetrapib?

Background: Despite reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there is still a considerable amount of residual atherosclerosis-related disease. Epidemiological and pathophysiological data strongly favour increasing plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels as antiatherogenic therapy, for example with cholesteryl ester transfer inhibition (CETP). However, negative Phase III studies on clinical end points with the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib challenge the future perspectives of other CETP inhibitors such as JTT-705. Objective: Is there potential for CETP inhibition with JTT-705 after torcetrapib's collapse? Methods: Search of articles in Pubmed citing JTT-705, torcetrapib and anacetrapib, or citing effects of pharmacological HDL-cholesterol raising or CETP inhibition. Results/conclusion: There is possibly a future for HDL-cholesterol raising therapies. Phase III clinical studies with either JTT-705 or anacetrapib will determine whether CETP inhibition is beneficial.
The Surprise Examination Paradox in Dynamic Epistemic Logic

The surprise examination paradox has been the topic of many philosophical papers. However, despite its long history, no long-lasting solution emerged. The debates related to the surprise examination paradox go deeper than what the correct solution is. One highly debated issue that I directly address in this thesis is the following: is there a solution to be given or should we embrace the surprise examination paradox as a true paradox and look for an inconsistency in our conceptions on knowledge, belief, etc. Kaplan and Montague 1960 (3) argue that the surprise examination paradox is indeed a paradox, while Gerbrandy 2007 (2) and Baltag and Smets 2010 (1) believe that a solution could be given but not if the teacher’s announcement is meant to be fulfilled (Gerbrandy), or if the students are to trust the teacher (Baltag and Smets). Of course, such approaches have a lot of merit and all authors manage to use their (negative) conclusions to argue for deep philosophical conceptions regarding knowledge and the way in which agents revise their beliefs in face of new information. However, these approaches fail to meet widely accepted criteria that philosophers expect a solution to the surprise examination paradox to meet. They have been explicitly set up by Wright and Sudbury 1977 (5) and contain the idea that the students should be surprised even after the teacher’s announcement (which neither Kaplan and Montague, nor Gerbrandy can accommodate) and that a surprise examination is indeed possible (which Baltag and Smets cannot accept). In this thesis I show that dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) can guide us towards a philosophically informed solution to the surprise examination paradox. The question that drives the analysis is: is there a way of coming up with an intuitive solution to the surprise examination paradox that meets the criteria of Wright and Sudbury? I argue that there is indeed such a solution. I show that DEL can provide a way of distinguishing between various possible definitions of surprise, considerably more than have been addressed in the literature so far. I investigate how (some of) these definitions influence the outcome of the teacher’s announcement on the students. The result is that one of the new ways of defining surprise, which is both intuitive and in line with a recent, empirically-informed, logic of surprise developed in Lorini and Castelfranchi 2007 (4), allows us to model the scenario of the surprise examination paradox in such a way that all the conditions of Wright and Sudbury are respected and the students end up as being surprised even after the teacher’s announcement.
Early anoxia-induced vesicular glutamate release results from mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores.

1. The cause of the increased frequency of glutamatergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) resulting from anoxia was investigated in CA1 neurons of the in vitro rat hippocampal slice. These neurons were examined by whole-cell patch-clamp recording, and hypoxia was induced by switching the perfusion of the slice from oxygenated artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ACSF) to ACSF saturated with 95% N2-5% O2. Except where noted, experiments were carried out in ACSF containing 1 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX). 2. Although anoxia resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of mEPSCs, the amplitude, rise time, and half-decay time of the mEPSCs were unchanged. This increase in frequency indicates that there is a change in presynaptic neurotransmitter release mechanisms, probably an increase in calcium concentration, soon after the onset of anoxia. The unchanged kinetics and amplitude of the mEPSCs indicate that anoxic-induced synaptic changes are not a result of changes in the postsynaptic glutamate receptor. 3. When hippocampal slices were exposed to anoxic conditions in ACSF with calcium excluded, an increase in mEPSC frequency equal to that in normal ACSF was observed. When 0.2 mM of CdCl2 was added to the zero-calcium ACSF, anoxia still resulted in increases in mEPSC frequency equal to those of normal ACSF. It is therefore concluded that the anoxia-induced increase in mEPSC frequency does not result from an increase in a transmembrane calcium influx. The zero-calcium plus 0.2 mM CdCl2 ACSF solution completely abolished orthodromically elicited synaptic potential (in the absence of TTX), indicating that calcium currents that mediate normal orthodromic transmitter release were completely abolished in the latter experiments. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long Tract of Untranslated CAG Repeats Is Deleterious in Transgenic Mice

The most frequent trinucleotide repeat found in human disorders is the CAG sequence. Expansion of CAG repeats is mostly found in coding regions and is thought to cause diseases through a protein mechanism. Recently, expanded CAG repeats were shown to induce toxicity at the RNA level in Drosophila and C. elegans. These findings raise the possibility that CAG repeats may trigger RNA-mediated pathogenesis in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic mice expressing EGFP transcripts with long CAG repeats in the 3′ untranslated region develop pathogenic features. Expression of the transgene was directed to the muscle in order to compare the resulting phenotype to that caused by the CUG expansion, as occurs in myotonic dystrophy. Transgenic mice expressing 200, but not those expressing 0 or 23 CAG repeats, showed alterations in muscle morphology, histochemistry and electrophysiology, as well as abnormal behavioral phenotypes. Expression of the expanded CAG repeats in testes resulted in reduced fertility due to defective sperm motility. The production of EGFP protein was significantly reduced by the 200 CAG repeats, and no polyglutamine-containing product was detected, which argues against a protein mechanism. Moreover, nuclear RNA foci were detected for the long CAG repeats. These data support the notion that expanded CAG repeat RNA can cause deleterious effects in mammals. They also suggest the possible involvement of an RNA mechanism in human diseases with long CAG repeats.
A Fast Algorithm for Incremental Distance

A simple and eecient algorithm for nding the closest points between two convex polyhedra is described here. Data from numerous experiments tested on a broad set of convex polyhedra on < 3 show that the running time is roughly constant for nding closest points when nearest points are approximately known and is linear in total number of vertices if no special initialization is done. This algorithm can be used for collision detection, computation of the distance between two polyhedra in three-dimensional space, and other robotics problems. It forms the heart of the motion planning algorithm of 1].