Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Body Effects of Browsing Handset MIMO Antennas in Incident Waves with a Small Angular Spread

ogawa.koichi@jp.panasonic. com Abstract The channel characterization of handset MIMO antennas in a browsing position has been studied in a propagation environment with a narrow angular power spectrum (APS), such as a street Microcell. We have attempted to make an analytical approach to clarify how a MIMO antenna oriented in a browsing position functions in a street Microcell environment, with regard to a variety of angular spreads and handset configurations. The study shows that, in a Microcell environment, the channel capacity changes periodically with varying the handset-human body distance due to changes in received power.
Ethical Implications of Treatment for Gender Dysphoria in Youth

This manuscript explores ethical implications of treatment for youth with diagnosed gender dysphoria. The ethical condiderations outlined and analyzed in this essay involve illuminating an understanding of whether the administration of pubertal suppression with GnRH agonists, and cross-sex hormones to children with gender dysphoria is morally justified as treatment to manage their psychological distress, or if safer more understood alternatives exist. This essay emphasizes that as health care professionals, we must ensure youth with genger dysphoria receive adequate medical treatment and care. This essay concludes through extensive literature review, that the use of inconclusive and underresearched methods to manage gender dysphoria cannot be ethically justified and therefore should be re-evaluated.
Regularization-free principal curve estimation

Principal curves and manifolds provide a framework to formulate manifold learning within a statistical context. Principal curves define the notion of a curve passing through the middle of a distribution. While the intuition is clear, the formal definition leads to some technical and practical difficulties. In particular, principal curves are saddle points of the mean-squared projection distance, which poses severe challenges for estimation and model selection. This paper demonstrates that the difficulties in model selection associated with the saddle point property of principal curves are intrinsically tied to the minimization of the mean-squared projection distance. We introduce a new objective function, facilitated through a modification of the principal curve estimation approach, for which all critical points are principal curves and minima. Thus, the new formulation removes the fundamental issue for model selection in principal curve estimation. A gradient-descent-based estimator demonstrates the effectiveness of the new formulation for controlling model complexity on numerical experiments with synthetic and real data.
The quantum zero space charge model for semiconductors

The thermal equilibrium state of a bipolar, isothermal quantum fluid confined to a bounded domain Ω⊂ℝd, d = 1, 2 or d = 3 is the minimizer of the total energy [Escr ]ελ; [Escr ]ελ involves the squares of the scaled Planck's constant ε and the scaled minimal Debye length λ. In applications one frequently has λ2[Lt ]1. In these cases the zero-space-charge approximation is rigorously justified. As λ → 0, the particle densities converge to the minimizer of a limiting quantum zero-space-charge functional exactly in those cases where the doping profile satisfies some compatibility conditions. Under natural additional assumptions on the internal energies one gets an differential-algebraic system for the limiting (λ = 0) particle densities, namely the quantum zero-space-charge model. The analysis of the subsequent limit ε → 0 exhibits the importance of quantum gaps. The semiclassical zero-space-charge model is, for small ε, a reasonable approximation of the quantum model if and only if the quantum gap vanishes. The simultaneous limit ε = λ → 0 is analyzed.
Efficient inter-device data-forwarding in the madeleine communication library

Interconnecting multiple clusters with a high speed networkto form a single heterogeneous architecture (i.e. acluster of clusters) is currently a hot issue. Consequently,new runtime systems that are able to simultaneously dealwith multiple high speed networks within the same applicationhave to be designed. This paper presents how wedid extend an existing multi-device communication librarywith fast internal data-forwarding capabilities on gatewaynodes. On top of that, efficient high-level routing mechanismscan be implemented. Our approach is easily applicableto many network protocols and is completely in-pendantfrom the application code. Efficiency is achievedby avoiding extra data copies when possible and by usingpipelining techniques. The preliminary experiments showthat the observed inter-cluster bandwidth is close to the onethat can be delivered by the hardware.
Understanding the linguistic variation in English as a lingua franca among Arab siblings

This study investigated the various linguistic, psychological, and sociocultural variables that explain the variation in English as a Lingua Franca among Arab siblings. The variables are not predetermined but extracted from the participants’ contributions and data in a grounded theory research. The siblings participated in this study (N=15) are university undergraduates, who are educated in the UAE schools. Results showed that the existence of the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) is not evidence that siblings progress in language acquisition at the same rate. The discourse analysis showed noticeable variation between siblings in the same and/or other groups. Sibling pairs proved to have variation in their linguistic levels exhibiting dissimilar levels of accuracy, fluency, L1 interference, spontaneity, and automaticity of speech. Some of these siblings have equal opportunities for improving their English; however, the analysis showed other affective variables influencing the development of language skills among them. The thematic analysis signalled three variables namely exposure to quality input and interaction opportunities, provision of quality education, and autonomy and independent activities. Eight of the fifteen participants attributed their deficiency in English to the inefficiency of the education system that did not facilitate sufficient exposure to linguistic input. Autonomy and independence proved to be effectual in creating the variation among siblings as well. This study sheds light on the significance of contextual factors in influencing proficiency levels among EFL learners in the UAE. The implications and recommendations of research findings are discussed.
Investigating the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Total Ozone Column in the Yangtze River Delta Using Satellite Data: 1978-2013

The objective of this work is to analyze the temporal and spatial variability of the total ozone column (TOC) trends over the Yangtze River Delta, the most populated region in China, during the last 35 years (1978–2013) using remote sensing-derived TOC data. Due to the lack of continuous and well-covered ground-based TOC measurements, little is known about the Yangtze River Delta. TOC data derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) for the period 1978–2005 and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the period 2004–2013 were used in this study. The spatial, long-term, seasonal, and short-term variations of TOC in this region were analyzed. For the spatial variability, the latitudinal variability has a large range between 3% and 13%, and also represents an annual cycle with maximum in February and minimum in August. In contrast, the longitudinal variability is not significant and just varies between 2% and 4%. The long-term variability represented a notable decline for the period 1978–2013. The ozone depletion was observed significantly during 1978–1999, with linear trend from (−3.2 ± 0.7) DU/decade to (−10.5 ± 0.9) DU/decade. As for seasonal variability, the trend of TOC shows a distinct seasonal pattern, with maximum in April or May and minimum in October or November. The short-term analysis demonstrates the day-to-day changes as well as the six-week system persistence of the TOC. The results can provide comprehensive descriptions of the TOC variations in the Yangtze River Delta and benefit climate change research in this region.
Performance Evaluation of OSTBC Systems using different Channels

Due to the increased demand of wireless communication systems because of the features of the system which provides a wide coverage, high throughput and reliable services, the MIMO systems communication has come into existence and has been shown to be one of the most promising emerging wireless technologies that can efficiently boost the data transmission rate and capacity of wireless communication system.An effective and practical way to approach these demands of MIMO wireless channel is to employ Space Time (ST) Coding. The performance improvement of MIMO systems can be assessed by using diversity gain and spatial multiplexing gain. Space Time Coding transmits signal across the spatial and time domain simultaneously in order to achieve diversity gain without increasing bandwidth. In this paper, we exploit the space and time diversity to decode the quasi and rotated quasi orthogonal space time block codes (QOSTBC) based on Jakes model and Dent channel model. For Doppler shifting and Rayleigh distribution we make use of dent channel model. This provides fast decoding and gives better performance of communication system as compared to Jakes model. BER analysis has been presented in terms of diversity and code rate.
Stability and optimality in stochastic gradient descent

Stochastic gradient methods have increasingly become popular for large-scale optimization. However, they are often numerically unstable because of their sensitivity to hyperparameters in the learning rate; furthermore they are statistically inefficient because of their suboptimal usage of the data’s information. We propose a new learning procedure, termed averaged implicit stochastic gradient descent (ai-SGD), which combines stability through proximal (implicit) updates and statistical efficiency through averaging of the iterates. In an asymptotic analysis we prove convergence of the procedure and show that it is statistically optimal, i.e., it achieves the Cramér-Rao lower variance bound. In a non-asymptotic analysis, we show that the stability of ai-SGD is due to its robustness to misspecifications of the learning rate with respect to the convexity of the loss function. Our experiments demonstrate that ai-SGD performs on par with state-of-the-art learning methods. Moreover, ai-SGD is more stable than averaging methods that do not utilize proximal updates, and it is simpler and computationally more efficient than methods that do employ proximal updates in an incremental fashion.
CMOS LNA design for system-on-chip receiver stages

Narrowband single-ended inductive source degenerated low noise amplifiers (LNAs) for "system-on-chip" receiver stages have been designed, simulated and compared using the Mietec CMOS 0.7 /spl mu/m process and the Cadence/BSIM3v3 tool with active or L-biased DC-bias circuitries. Since there is an intention to use LNAs for GSM and S-band low earth orbit (LEO) space applications, the operating frequencies have been chosen as 900 MHz, 2025 MHz and 2210 MHz.
Implementation of an efficient bangla soft keyboard with text-to-image replacement support

In present world, Bangla is one of the most spoken languages. But, in the arena of electronic devices, tools for Bangla writing are inadequate. Also, there are limitations for typing Bangla faster in an efficient way because of the lack of proper layout. After forty-one years of the liberation war, an optimal and widely accepted Bangla keyboard layout has not yet been obtained. And in present days, smart-phones and tabs are being used profoundly where soft keyboard is the most essential input method. In Bangla soft keyboard, the arrangement of letters should be in such a way that paves the way towards an easy and efficient text input method. Our primary evaluation shows a significant improvement in typing speed, ease of learning and reduction in error rates. Hence we propose an efficient Fixed Bangla Keyboard Layout where Bangla alphabets are mapped phonetically on the standard QWERTY keyboard and a Bangla text-to-image replacement technique for non-Bangla supported smartphones. In this paper we present a soft keyboard implemented on Android platform using this layout with text-to-image conversion support.
Obesity And Emotional Arousal And Control In Children Aged 8 To 11 Years

The purpose of this study is to present the results obtained in the base of the opinion of 95 children from general schools of Sibiu city in Romania, collected during a survey regarding emotional reactivity (arousal) and regulatory capacity (control) in early adolescence. Data were stratified by BMI in order to analyze the relationship between obesity and emotional arousal and control in case of young adolescents. A 30-item self-reporting multidimensional instrument HIF (How I Feel) created by Walden, Harris & Carton in 2003 was used. The questionnaire items refer to five different emotions: happy, sad, excited, scared and mad. Significant differences between the three subgroups (normal weight, overweight and obese) were observed for the following questionnaire items: happy and excited from position emotions subscale; sad, mad from negative emotion subscale. In case of emotion control subscale no significant differences between subgroups have been identified althow higher values were observed in the case of overweight and obese (compared to normal weight) for almost all of the subscale items. The use of HIF instrument in conjunction with other measures could provide a more comprehensive assessment of emotional functioning and different disorders in children and adolescents.
Gender study on the relationships between science interest and future career perspectives

ABSTRACT Gender disparities in STEM fields have been under extensive study, the focus of which has been on future career aspirations. However, the primary phases in gender differences are still ambiguous when examined from this perspective, possibly due to the fact that most of the studies have targeted samples of upper secondary school or college students. As such, in this study we examined the transient period to lower secondary school; our aim was to discover to what extent relationships between factors of students’ science interest and career perspectives differ between male and female. Based on previous studies and analyses, we selected three future career perspective variables – outcome, personal time, and innovation orientations – and three defining features of interest – personal value, enjoyment, and cognitive aspect. The sample was conducted in Finland and comprised of 401 grade 7 students aged 13, using a multi-group structural equation modelling. This study found that during the transient period there were clear gender differences regarding interest and preferences of science subjects, as well as their relationship towards future career perspectives. To be specific, biology was preferred by females, and males preferred physics and chemistry. With regard to future career perspectives, female students’ science interest was positively correlated with personal time- and innovation-oriented career perspectives; an outcome-oriented career expectation was negatively related to their interest. Interpretation and implication that might possibly arise from the results were also discussed.
Phylogenetics and evolution of the aphid genus Uroleucon based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

The genus Uroleucon, and the related genus Macrosiphoniella, represent a large Tertiary radiation of aphids, with a total of about 300 species distributed throughout the world, primarily on host plant species in the family Asteraceae. A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted to identify major clades within Uroleucon and to address the cladistic validity of current subgeneric categories, the evolution of host plant associations, the age of origin, and intercontinental movements in this genus. The seventeen study species included members of the three major subgenera of Uroleucon, species from Europe and North America, one member of Macrosiphoniella, and two outgroups. Data consisted of DNA sequences for three mitochondrial regions and the nuclear gene EF1alpha, for a total of 4287 sites. Nodes supported strongly in both parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses suggest that: (1) Nearctic Uromelan are a monophyletic group branching near the base of the genus and not related to European Uromelan, (2) the New World subgenus Lambersius is possibly monophyletic but is not a tightly related group and is not closely related to other North American species, and (3) Nearctic members of subgenus Uroleucon are a closely related monophyletic group not allied with Nearctic Uromelan or Lambersius. Instead they represent a separate colonization by an Old World ancestor, as they are nested within a strongly supported clade containing European members of both subgenera Uroleucon and Uromelan. Neither of these subgenera is monophyletic. Molecular clock calculations, based on calibrations of mitochondrial divergences from other insects, suggest that Uroleucon + Macrosiphoniella is a relatively recent radiation, probably no more than 5–10 million years old. Although largely confined to Asteraceae, this clade did not radiate in parallel with its host plants. Rather, lateral movement between lineages of Asteraceae must have occurred repeatedly.
Position Prediction Social-Relationship-Based on Multi-order Markov Model

Opportunistic network mobile user-nodes location prediction can help to collect the data, improve the dynamic network and help to decrease the problems which include the delay, low success rate, high storage space energy consume and so on, which are the results of the blindness in the process of delivery. In this paper, a mobile node location prediction algorithm base on the Multi-Order Markov prediction model as the initial forecast, and then use social-relationship which is closely linked to the node to optimize the algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the single Multi-Order Markov model.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Knockout Mice Are Protected against Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by a High-Fat Diet

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is implicated in the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) observed after a high-fat diet (HFD) in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. TLR4−/− and C57BL/6J wild-type mice (WT) were fed with chow or HFD (45% calories from fat) during 18 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance-test was performed. The animals were sacrificed in a fasted state and the tissues were removed. TLR4 deletion protected from body weight gain and glucose intolerance induced by HFD whereas energy intake was higher in transgenic mice suggesting larger energy expenditure. HFD induced an ER stress in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue of WT mice as assessed by BiP, CHOP, spliced and unspliced XBP1 and phospho-eIF2α. TLR4−/− mice were protected against HFD-induced ER stress. Then, we investigated the main signaling downstream of TLR4 namely the NF-κB pathway, expecting to identify the mechanism by which TLR4 is able to activate ER stress. The mRNA levels of cytokines regulated by NF-κB namely TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, were not changed after HFD and phospho-IκB-α (ser 32) was not changed. Our results indicate that TLR4 is essential for the development of ER stress related to HFD. Nevertheless, the NFκ-B pathway does not seem to be directly implicated. The reduced fat storage in TLR4−/− mice could explain the absence of an ER stress after HFD.
A Novel Sub-optimum Data Transmission Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. Energy efficiency and network lifetime are two challenges that most of researchers deal with. In general, base station (BS) used to retrieve data from sensor nodes is far from the sensor field and how to adjust the communication between nodes and BS to achieve energy efficiency and long network lifetime is very important. In this paper, we propose a novel sub-optimum Average Lifetime-oriented Long-distance (ALL) data transmission algorithm. It makes tradeoff between energy cost and residual energy and balances lifetime among all sensor nodes to achieve dramatic lifetime prolongation for network. Simulation results validate that ALL algorithm outperforms traditional protocols or algorithms and prolongs network lifetime dramatically.
Challenges to treat hypogonadism in prostate cancer patients: implications for endocrinologists, urologists and radiotherapists

The literature suggests that the serum testosterone level required for maximum androgen receptor (AR) binding may be in the range of nanomolar and above this range of concentrations; this sexual hormone may not significantly affect tumour biology. This assumption is supported by clinical studies showing that cell proliferation markers did not change when serum T levels increased after exogenous T treatment in comparison to subjects treated with placebo. However, a considerable part of the global scientific community remains sceptical regarding the use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men suffering from hypogonadism and prostate cancer (Pca). The negative attitudes with respect to testosterone supplementation in men with hypogonadism and Pca may be justified by the relatively low number of clinical and preclinical studies that specifically dealt with how androgens affect Pca biology. More controversial still is the use of TRT in men in active surveillance or at intermediate or high risk of recurrence and treated by curative radiotherapy. In these clinical scenarios, clinicians should be aware that safety data regarding TRT are scanty limiting our ability to draw definitive conclusions on this important topic. In this review we critically discuss the newest scientific evidence concerning the new challenges in the treatment of men with hypogonadal condition and Pca providing new insights in the pharmacological and psychological approaches.
A model of primate visual cortex based on category-specific redundancies in natural images

Neurophysiological and computational studies have proposed that properties of natural images have a prominent role in shaping selectivity of neurons in the visual cortex. An important property of natural images that has been studied extensively is the inherent redundancy in these images. In this paper, the concept of category-specific redundancies is introduced to describe the complex pattern of dependencies between responses of linear filters to natural images. It is proposed that structural similarities between images of different object categories result in dependencies between responses of linear filters in different spatial scales. It is also proposed that the brain gradually removes these dependencies in different areas of the ventral visual hierarchy to provide a more efficient representation of its sensory input. The authors proposed a model to remove these redundancies and trained it with a set of natural images using general learning rules that are developed to remove dependencies between responses of neighbouring neurons. Results of experiments demonstrate the close resemblance of neuronal selectivity between different layers of the model and their corresponding visual areas.