Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between ownership structure and systemic risk in the European financial sector

This empirical study examines the interaction between systemic risk and corporate governance in European financial institutions. Specifically, we investigate how two corporate governance issues, ownership concentration, and institutional investors’ presence, affect systemic risk. We use the conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) approach (Adrian & Brunnermeier, 2016) to measure systemic risk and analyze balanced panel data of 96 listed banks from 19 European countries during the period 2011–2020. We choose the European context of its corporate governance’s heterogeneity, the presence of a high level of institutional ownership, and the financial turmoil it has been through over the period analyzed. Our findings reveal that ownership concentration decreases systemic risk, while the high presence of institutional investors increases it. This study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the relationship between corporate governance and systemic risk, and how it varies across different ownership structures and institutional contexts. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights for regulators and policymakers in designing effective corporate governance frameworks that can mitigate systemic risk in financial institutions.
Tree elements: Branching hopes after tissue injury in regenerative medicine

Humans are poor model systems for studying tissue regeneration. Unlike their amphibians or rodent counterparts, humans are deficient in this quality, making the repair process following a tissue injury infrequent and limited. Most human tissues or organs, except the liver, lack in their regenerative potential. This tends to be a serious problem in organ damage until recently with the identification of enhancer regulatory elements that engage in regenerating tissue. Tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) trigger gene expression in injury sites and can be engineered to modulate the regenerative potential of vertebrate organs. TREE orchestrates selective gene expression at the injury sites, thereby modulating the regenerative activities and potential of vertebrate organs. Using a genetic screen of a zebrafish-based tissue injury model, Kang et al., identified the gene expression signature associated with regeneration. This concept is being tried and tested to see its possibility in regenerating injured myocardium following myocardium infraction leading to ischemia and tissue damage. TREEs displayed specificity and efficacy in a systemically delivered recombinant AAV vector system in mice and can be used as a gene-therapy module to repair damaged tissue. A team of researchers at the Duke School of Medicine, USA, headed by Ken Poss, reported their findings in cell stem cell, 2022. These researchers further took a step ahead to actually orchestrate a damaged myocardium repair and the growth of new muscles to restore normal cardiac function. Even more spectacular is that tissue growth is selective only at injury sites and becomes quiescent once the damage is repaired. HOW THIS MAY IMPACT REGENERATIVE MEDICINEUsing a TREE-based system, one can attempt to use gene therapy with viral vectors to enhance heart tissue cell proliferation and growth, thus improving cardiac regeneration. This system will further strengthen by incorporating better gene payloads, thereby opening new possibilities to rescue scar tissue and restore function. According to the World Health Organization, MI-related death in India accounts for one-fifth of deaths worldwide, which is alarmingly higher in the younger population. The age-standardized cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rate of 272/100,000 in India is much higher than the global average of 235. Under these circumstances, these findings seem extremely relevant. Although we may not fix a broken heart, engineered TREE elements might at least fix a damaged myocardium branching hopes for numeroussuffering from CVD.
Enhancement of Compton camera images reconstructed by inversion of a conical Radon transform

We present a new inversion formula for a weighted conical Radon transform modelling Compton camera data. The formula exploits a large proportion of the acquired events and is easy to implement into fast algorithms. We give for it two equivalent formulations relying on known properties of the two-dimensional Radon transform and we test a semi-iterative algorithm for one of them. From a practical point of view, methods robust to measurement noise and to low number of events are required. We show that adding a constraint on the total variation of the final image strongly improves the results. We illustrate our arguments with Monte-Carlo simulated data in both low and realistic noise configurations.
THE INFLUENCE OF VILLAGE FUNDS, SPENDING ON SOCIAL PROTECTION FUNCTIONS, AND CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ON THE REGIONAL REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE BUDGET ON POVERTY LEVELS IN INDONESIA

This research aims to determine how the influence of village funds, local government spending through spending on social protection functions, and capital expenditures on poverty levels in Indonesia. This research method uses the Multiple Linear Regression method to determine the influence between variables. The data type used is quantitative data, and the data source is secondary data from the Ministry of Finance and the Central Statistics Agency. First, the results explain a significant negative effect of the Village Fund on the poverty level in Indonesia, meaning that if the allocation of village funds is increased, the poverty rate will decrease. The following result is that there is a significant negative effect of spending on social protection functions on the level of poverty in Indonesia, meaning that if spending on social protection functions is increased, the poverty rate will decrease. Finally, there is a significant negative effect of capital expenditure on the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget of Poverty level in Indonesia, meaning that if capital expenditures on regional income budget allocation are increased, the poverty rate will decrease. Keywords : Village Fund Allocation, Social Protection Function Expenditure, Capital Expenditure, Poverty Level.
Nondestructive Tertiary Mill‐Scale Thickness Measurement on Commercial Hot‐Rolled Steel Strip: Terahertz Time‐of‐Flight Tomography

Measuring mill‐scale thickness in a nondestructive and noncontact fashion in a production environment remains a challenge, as knowledge of the thickness is central to processing of the steel strip. Terahertz time‐of‐flight tomography is demonstrated here to enable nondestructive and noncontact measurements of tertiary mill‐scale thickness down to ≈10 μm on production hot‐rolled steel, building on our recent work on thickness evaluation of laboratory‐produced scale on steel coupons. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the compositions of the mill‐scale films manufactured under production conditions are slightly different from the laboratory‐prepared steel coupons, resulting from the different compositions of phases present in the two types of samples. The mill‐scale thickness is obtained after advanced signal processing of the raw data and shows good agreement with values obtained from destructive measurements. Compared to conventional techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy which is destructive, eddy current testing, which requires direct contact with the surface of samples investigated and is not suitable for large areas, or elevated temperatures, and acoustic inspection, whose spatial resolution is largely limited by its relatively long‐wavelength, terahertz time‐of‐flight tomography may be implemented for in‐line nondestructive thickness characterization and quality control of optically thin tertiary mill scale on steel products, even in a production environment.
Pulsed jets driven by two interacting cavitation bubbles produced at different times

An experiment is performed using high-speed photography to elucidate the behaviours of jets formed by the interactions of two laser-induced tandem bubbles produced axisymmetrically for a range of dimensionless interaction parameters such as the bubble size ratio, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$ , the distance between the two cavitation bubbles, $l_{0}^{\ast }$ , and the time difference in bubble generation, $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$ . A strong interaction occurs for $l_{0}^{\ast }<1$ . The first bubble produced (bubble A) deforms because of the rapid growth of the second bubble (bubble B) to create a pulsed conical jet, sometimes with spray formation at the tip, formed by the small amount of water confined between the two bubbles. This phenomenon is followed by bubble penetration, toroidal bubble collapse, and the subsequent fast contraction of bubble B accompanied by a fine jet. The formation mechanism of the conical jet is similar to that of a water spike developed in air from a deformed free surface of a single growing bubble; however, the pressures of the gases surrounding each type of jet differ. The jet behaviours can be controlled by manipulating the interaction parameters; the jet velocity is significantly affected by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$ and $l_{0}^{\ast }$ , but less so by $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$ for $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }>\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{c}^{\ast }$ ( $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{c}^{\ast }$ being the critical birth-time difference). The optimum time of jet impact, at which bubble A reaches its maximum volume, depends on $\unicode[STIX]{x0394}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}^{\ast }$ . It is generally later for larger values of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D709}$ . A pulsed jet could be used to create small pores in a cell membrane; therefore, the reported method may be useful for application in tandem-bubble sonoporation.
Optical vortex scanning microscope: simple phase recovery

In this paper a phase recovering scheme from the optical vortex microscope is presented. Laguerre-Gaussian beam with the vortex charge equal to one passes through the phase sample and then is detected at the observation plane. The sample modifies the internal structure of the vortex beam. The way of measuring such perturbation is presented. Numerical results are confirmed by the experiment.
Damage Degree Detection of Cracks in a Locomotive Gear Transmission System

The gear transmission system is a vital component of the locomotive bogie. During locomotive operation, the damage to the gear transmission system spreads rapidly and affects the locomotive’s operational safety. In this paper, a method is proposed to detect the degree of tooth root crack damage. First, a dynamic locomotive model with a gear transmission is built, and the vertical acceleration of the locomotive subsystem (car body, bogie frame, wheelset, and motor) vibrations is obtained under various degrees of tooth root crack damage on the gear transmission system. By comparing the characteristics of those signals, the subsystem that is more sensitive to the effect of the tooth root crack is found. The characteristic parameters of the sensitive subsystem are calculated, and a multidimensional characteristic parameter matrix is established. The multidimensional characteristic parameter matrix is optimized and reduced by principal component analysis (PCA). Using the Grey relational analysis method, the degree of tooth root crack damage is detected. The proposed method demonstrates the ability to recognize the degree of tooth root crack damage.
Improved Measurement Method of Circularly-Polarized Antennas Based on Linear-Component Amplitudes

An improved measurement method of circularly-polarized (CP) antennas based on linear-component amplitudes is proposed in this paper. By utilizing two sets of orthogonal linear polarization (LP) amplitudes, measurement on axial ratio (AR) of CP antennas can be realized without phase information. However, the rotation sense of the co-polarization cannot be determined due to the absence of the phase information. Above problem is discussed here for the first time, and a solution is presented to determine the rotation sense of the co-polarization by using common auxiliary CP antennas. In addition, there will be some particular cases with large errors in actual measurement. Here a corresponding solution method is given. Finally, co-polarization and cross-polarization patterns can be further obtained from AR results. To verify this improved method, a self-developed CP microstrip array was measured. The measured results are in agreement with the simulated results, which prove this method is correct, effective and practical.
The impact of entrepreneurship pedagogy on nascent student entrepreneurship: an entrepreneurial process perspective

ABSTRACT Drawing on a general distinction underlying theoretical and practical-focused pedagogies, this study examines the nexus among entrepreneurship pedagogy, entrepreneurial intention, and opportunity discovery and exploitation of an entrepreneurial process. Data was obtained from nascent student entrepreneurs (n = 462) enrolled in Chinese universities or their recent graduates. Path analysis results reveal that practical-focused pedagogy contributes more to the entrepreneurial process than theoretical-focused pedagogy. Scrutinising entrepreneurship pedagogy respectively, theoretical-focused pedagogy has a more significant impact on opportunity exploitation; in contrast, practical-focused pedagogy is more influential for opportunity discovery. Results also demonstrate that entrepreneurial intention partially mediates the paths from engaging in practical-focused pedagogy and opportunity discovery and exploitation processes. Contrary to the hypothesis, a similar mediating role for the paths of theoretical-focused pedagogy is not identified. This research sheds light on the more nuanced effectiveness of entrepreneurship programmes on students’ learning and the entrepreneurial processes by disentangling the heterogeneous nature of entrepreneurship pedagogy. It implies that opportunity recognition and exploitation are dependent upon knowledge and learning asymmetries resulting from the disparity of entrepreneurship pedagogies. Our findings suggest that the relationship between theoretical and practical pedagogies is of a reciprocal nature in yielding effective learning outcomes, calling for integration in teaching practice.
Energetic witnesses of entanglement genesis in a half-parity measurement setup

Based on a quantum-trajectory approach, we analyze the statistics of heat exchanges during a half-parity measurement that is known to generate entanglement between two distant qubits initially in a product state. We demonstrate that the presence of quantum heat fluctuations constitutes an hallmark of entanglement genesis in this setup. These quantum heat fluctuations are associated with the stochastic disturbance of the measurement on the qubits and have no classical counterpart. To highlight the link with entanglement genesis, we derive lower and upper bounds for the entanglement genesis rate based exclusively on heat fluctuations measurements. {Remarkably, these bounds can then be turned into witnesses to certify the presence of entanglement through the measurement of heat flow and heat fluctuations. We provide an analytic derivation of the witness when considering an average over many realizations and show numerically that our witness also holds in the single-shot regime along a single quantum trajectory. } This work paves the road towards a fundamental understanding of the stochastic thermodynamic processes associated with entanglement genesis, and opens new perspectives for witnessing non-local correlations with the help of thermodynamic quantities.
Computational Imaging using Electromagnetic Optics

Modern optical imaging systems make extensive use of computational power for analog pre-processing, analog to digital conversion and digital post-processing. The joint design of these elements can be used to optimize the information throughput of optical imaging systems. This paradigm, termed computational optical imaging, aims at optimizing the output of optical systems in the form of imaging metrics, multidimensional imaging, feature detection, compressive sensing, etc. However, most optical imaging systems rely on the scalar wave theory of light to analyze these modern systems. Light, being an electromagnetic wave is vectorial in nature leading to significant errors in the scalar model when the propagation medium is anisotropic, inhomogeneous or non-linear. Electromagnetic optics, on the other hand, is an all-encompassing theory of light in the classical limit that takes into account the coupled nature of electric and magnetic fields. In this respect, the effects of anisotropic emission from a fixed dipole emitter on high numerical aperture super-resolution microscopy are investigated. Wide field microscope configurations that allow simultaneous acquisition and measurement of the 3D position and orientation parameters of multiple fixed dipole emitters are proposed. The performance limits of these systems for the 5D imaging of fixed dipole emitters are quantified through comparison of the Cramer-Rao lower bounds in a photon limited environment. Further, experimental validation is provided for simultaneously estimating the 5D dipole parameters using the double-helix phase mask. Binary multi-level fabrication of efficient phase modulation elements to engineer the Green's tensor response of the system to a dipole input is demonstrated. High numerical aperture objectives give rise to steep incident angles on lens surfaces, leading to resolution losses in imaging systems due to aberrations caused by the incorrect assumption of linearity between the incident and refracted angles at material interfaces. A new paradigm, termed infinitely refraction-linear artificial material (IRAM), is proposed to tackle this problem. IRAM maintain the linear relationship between incident and refracted angles beyond the paraxial limit. The inherent anisotropic material parameter requirements for IRAM are summarized. The performance of IRAM lenses is compared to that of conventional isotropic lenses by simulating the diffraction limited spot size of these lenses in Zemax. It is shown that with proper design IRAMs have the potential to improve the resolution of optical imaging systems. Further, another class of artificial metamaterials that use magnetic resonance to realize exotic optical properties is discussed as candidates for super-resolution using the super-lensing effect.
Young, unaccompanied refugees’ expectations of social workers and social worker roles

Background: Young people who have travelled to another country, unaccompanied and with refugee status, are a both resilient and vulnerable group with specific needs. Supporting them is often challenging for social workers, and providing this support is mediated by the expectations that these young people have of social workers and social worker roles. Aim: In this study, we explore how young unaccompanied refugees (YURs) perceive the roles of social workers in the national context of Norway, where concerns about the quality of social work for this group have been highlighted. Method: Using the theoretical lens of role theory, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 Afghan boys between 16 and 23 years of age, living under the protection of the Child Welfare Services (CWS) in two municipalities in Norway. The interviews explored the boys’ positive and negative experiences of the social worker. A thematic analysis was conducted, in which the coding framework was informed by the premise that actual experience informs our expectations of other individuals’ behaviour and roles. Findings: YURs’ expectations are more than instrumental, and more than a task they expect the social worker to perform. They also expect the task to be performed in a person-centred, therapeutic alliance (e.g. with humour and trust), and that the social worker exhibits particular personal characteristics or competences, besides being culturally competent and sensitive. Conclusion: We find that YURs’ descriptions of the social worker’s roles of being a caregiver and practical helper are similar to what other young people in contact with the CWS expect. However, YURs expect an additional role, which is specific to this field of social work, namely that of an integration helper. However, the expectations that each individual young person has of social workers are individual, in flux and contextual, and not consistent over time. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing learning more about the young person’s individual expectations of the social worker roles, as well as a useful weighting of these roles for each individual young refugee.
Discrete Time Quantum Lattice Systems

Discrete time quantum lattice systems recently have come into the focus of quantum computation because they provide a versatile tool for many different applications and they are potentially implementable in current experimental realizations. In this thesis we study the fundamental structures of such quantum lattice systems as well as consequences of experimental imperfections. Essentially, there are two models of discrete time quantum lattice systems, namely quantum cellular automata and quantum walks, which are quantum versions of their classical counterparts, i.e., cellular automata and random walks. In both cases, the dynamics acts locally on the lattice and is usually also translationally invariant. The main difference between these structures is that quantum cellular automata can describe the dynamics of many interacting particles, where quantum walks describe the evolution of a single particle. The first part of this thesis is devoted to quantum cellular automata. We characterize one-dimensional quantum cellular automata in terms of an index theory up to local deformations. Further, we characterize in detail a subclass of quantum cellular automata by requiring that Pauli operators are mapped to Pauli operators. This structure can be understood in terms of certain classical cellular automata. The second part of this thesis is concerned with quantum walks. We identify a quantum walk with the one-particle sector of a quantum cellular automaton. We also establish an index theory for quantum walks and we discuss decoherent quantum walks, i.e., the behavior of quantum walks with experimental imperfections.
Pengaruh C-Phycocyanin Terhadap Kadar Soluble Glikoprotein (Sgp130) Pada Trofoblas Tikus Wistar Yang Dipapar Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

The placenta is a joint organ of the uterus surface mother and fetus. One of cytokines of the placenta is IL-6 which is essential for normal placental development and successful pregnancy. Sgp130 binds Interleukin-6 -sIL-6R complex, so Interleukin-6 signal cannot be passed on. Both factors play an important role in pre-eclampsia which has high levels of IL-6 and sgp130. They are expected to be suppressed by administration of C-phycocyanin. The aim of this study to prove effect of C-phycocyanin on sgp130 levels among wistar rats’ trophoblasts exposed to IL-6. The design of the study was E xperiment, Post Test Only Control, analyse with One way Anova. The samples were 25 rats divided four treatment groups. Dose of C-Phycocyanin (10mg, 20mg, 40mg). The results significant difference between control and treatment group IL-6, IL-6 + CPC10, IL-6 + CPC20. But there was no significant difference between control group and IL-6 + CPC40, sig value. 0.214 (sig. <0.05). Conclusion. There is an effect of C-Phycocyanin on Sgp130 levels in wistar rats’ trophoblasts exposed to IL-6 at a dose of C-Phycocyanin 40mg.