Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A model teaching for the cycloid curves by the use of dynamic software with multiple representations approach

This study proposes the use of dynamic software that will enable students to explore a specific kind of parametric equation at the tertiary level. Firstly, it was aimed at visualizing the basic cycloid curve which is the trajectory of a point on the circle rolling along x-axis. Then, the mathematical meaning of the design process, which is mostly based on the syntax, was tried to be drawn out. It was explained however, that this meaning, produced the parametric equation of basic cycloid. Lastly, it explained the abstraction of more specific cycloids, which are called epicycloids and hypocycloid, from the mathematical analysis of first design. The entire abstraction process is defined as an example of how a model plays cyclic role between mathematics and the real world. Key words: Dynamic mathematics software, abstraction process, cycloids, mathematical modeling, multiple representations, tertiary level.
Optimization of RNA Extraction from Dry Blood Spots for Nanostring Analysis

Dry blood spot (DBS) technology has been widely used since the 1960's for the detection of protein biomarkers associated with various disease states. In this manuscript we report a revised approach using DBS samples to extract total RNA for use in downstream multiplex RNA detection methodology (Nanostring). To accomplish this objective, we have used commercially available supplies, kits, and equipment to ensure that the procedure described in this report can be adopted by any laboratory. The methods described in this report allow for the extraction of high‐quality, total RNA from a minimal volume (∼200 µl) of DBS spots. The isolated RNA can be analyzed using a multiplex, Nanostring system to yield results for up to 800 RNA targets. Additional bioinformatics and pathway annotation can be conducted to determine changes in biological signaling pathways. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
On certain unexpected gaps in transitive paradigms and their implication

In some Salish languages, certain logically possible combinations of persons in transitive clauses are ungrammatical. For example, Halkomelem disallows the co-occurrence of 3 subject and 2 object morphology. While previous accounts have attributed these gaps to the person hierarchy (c.f. Aissen 1999), we show that some of these gaps are opposite of what the person hierarchy would predict and thus require a different analysis. In Nie? kepmxcin, for example, clauses with 1 pI subject and 3 object morphology are ungrammatical. We show that it is the co-occurrence of two agreement suffixes in the same structural position that gives rise to person-based gaps. When subject agreement is in a different structural position as object agreement, no personbased gaps are attested. Thus, in Lushootseed, a language with only subject clitics, there are no constraints on person combinations.
Multi-copper oxidases SKU5 and SKS1 coordinate cell wall formation using apoplastic redox-based reactions in roots

Abstract The primary cell wall is a fundamental plant constituent that is flexible but sufficiently rigid to support the plant cell shape. Although many studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as important signaling messengers to modify the cell wall structure and affect cellular growth, the regulatory mechanism underlying the spatial-temporal regulation of ROS activity for cell wall maintenance remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate the role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) multicopper oxidase-like protein skewed 5 (SKU5) and its homolog SKU5-similar 1 (SKS1) in root cell wall formation through modulating ROS homeostasis. Loss of SKU5 and SKS1 function resulted in aberrant division planes, protruding cell walls, ectopic deposition of iron, and reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-dependent ROS overproduction in the root epidermis–cortex and cortex–endodermis junctions. A decrease in ROS level or inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity rescued the cell wall defects of sku5 sks1 double mutants. SKU5 and SKS1 proteins were activated by iron treatment, and iron over-accumulated in the walls between the root epidermis and cortex cell layers of sku5 sks1. The glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored motif was crucial for membrane association and functionality of SKU5 and SKS1. Overall, our results identified SKU5 and SKS1 as regulators of ROS at the cell surface for regulation of cell wall structure and root cell growth.
Habitual polyphenol intake of foods according to NOVA classification: implications of ultra-processed foods intake (CUME study)

Abstract We aimed to evaluate the intake of dietary total polyphenols and their classes according to NOVA classification among adults of a Brazilian cohort study. This is a cross-sectional study, in which food consumption was assessed using an Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and polyphenol content (total and their classes) was estimated at Phenol-Explorer for each food category and presented as mean and 95% confidence interval. Adjusted linear regression was used to describe the trend of the association between the quintiles of polyphenols intake (dependent variable) and NOVA group of food consumption (independent variable). The higher consumption of fresh/minimally processed foods is accompanied by a higher intake of total polyphenols and all their classes, while the higher consumption of ultra-processed foods represented the lower intake of total polyphenols and their classes. Fresh foods are the greatest sources of polyphenols, and their daily consumption should be encouraged, while ultra-processed foods are deficient in such bioactive compounds. GRAPHICAL ABTSRACT
Ontogeny of cranial musculoskeletal anatomy and its relationship to allometric increase in bite force in an insectivorous bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

Bite force is a performance metric commonly used to link cranial morphology with dietary ecology, as the strength of forces produced by the feeding apparatus largely constrains the foods an individual can consume. At a macroevolutionary scale, there is evidence that evolutionary changes in the anatomical elements involved in producing bite force have contributed to dietary diversification in mammals. Much less is known about how these elements change over postnatal ontogeny. Mammalian diets drastically shift over ontogeny—from drinking mother's milk to feeding on adult foods—presumably with equally drastic changes in the morphology of the feeding apparatus and bite performance. Here, we investigate ontogenetic morphological changes in the insectivorous big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), which has an extreme, positive allometric increase in bite force during development. Using contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography scans of a developmental series from birth to adult morphology, we quantified skull shape and measured skeletal and muscular parameters directly related to bite force production. We found pronounced changes in the skull over ontogeny, including a large increase in the volume of the temporalis and masseter muscles, and an expansion of the skull dome and sagittal crest that would serve to increase the temporalis attachment area. These changes indicate that development of the jaw adductors play an important role in the development of biting performance of these bats. Notably, static bite force increases with positive allometry with respect to all anatomical measures examined, suggesting that modifications in biting dynamics and/or improved motor coordination also contribute to increases in biting performance.
Isolation by resistance explains genetic diversity in the Arremon brushfinches of northern Mesoamerica

Genetic differentiation between and within natural populations is the result of the joint effects of neutral and adaptative processes. In addition, the spatial arrangement of the landscape promotes connectivity or creates barriers to gene flow, directly affecting speciation processes. In this study, we carried out a landscape genomics analysis using NextRAD data from a montane forest specialist bird complex, the Mesoamerican Chestnut‐capped/Green‐striped Brushfinch of the genus Arremon. Specifically, we examined population genomic structure using different assignment methods and genomic differentiation and diversity, and we tested alternative genetic isolation hypotheses at the individual level (e.g., isolation by barrier, IBB; isolation by environment, IBE; isolation by resistance, IBR). We found well‐delimited genomic structuring (K = 5) across Mesoamerican montane forests in the studied group. Individual‐level genetic distances among major montane ranges were mainly explained by IBR hypotheses in this sedentary Neotropical taxon. Our results uncover genetic distances/differentiation and patterns of gene flow in allopatric species that support the role of tropical mountains as spatial landscape drivers of biodiversity. IBR clearly supports a pattern of conserved niche‐tracking of suitable habitat conditions and topographic complexity throughout glacial‐interglacial dynamics.
Topology optimization of dynamics problems with Padé approximants

An efficient procedure for topology optimization of dynamics problems is proposed. The method is based on frequency responses represented by Padé approximants and analytical sensitivity analysis derived using the adjoint method. This gives an accurate approximation of the frequency response over wide frequency ranges and a formulation that allows for design sensitivities to be computed at low computational cost also for a large number of design variables. Two examples that deal with optimization of forced vibrations are included. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How to write a narrative review.

1Consultant, 3 Specialty Trainee, Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia, Critical Care and ECMO,Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK 2Honorary Senior Lecturer,Manchester University, Manchester, UK . Correspondence to: S. Agarwal Email: seema.agarwal@nhs.net Accepted: 13March 2023
Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Ceftazidime in Term Asphyxiated Neonates during Controlled Therapeutic Hypothermia

Ceftazidime is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections in term neonates undergoing controlled therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftazidime in asphyxiated neonates during hypothermia, rewarming, and normothermia and propose a population-based rational dosing regimen with optimal PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment. ABSTRACT Ceftazidime is an antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections in term neonates undergoing controlled therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after perinatal asphyxia. We aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftazidime in asphyxiated neonates during hypothermia, rewarming, and normothermia and propose a population-based rational dosing regimen with optimal PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment. Data were collected in the PharmaCool prospective observational multicenter study. A population PK model was constructed, and the probability of target attainment (PTA) was assessed during all phases of controlled TH using targets of 100% of the time that the concentration in the blood exceeds the MIC (T>MIC) (for efficacy purposes and 100% T>4×MIC and 100% T>5×MIC to prevent resistance). A total of 35 patients with 338 ceftazidime concentrations were included. An allometrically scaled one-compartment model with postnatal age and body temperature as covariates on clearance was constructed. For a typical patient receiving the current dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight/day in 2 doses and assuming a worst-case MIC of 8 mg/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the PTA was 99.7% for 100% T>MIC during hypothermia (33.7°C; postnatal age [PNA] of 2 days). The PTA decreased to 87.7% for 100% T>MIC during normothermia (36.7°C; PNA of 5 days). Therefore, a dosing regimen of 100 mg/kg/day in 2 doses during hypothermia and rewarming and 150 mg/kg/day in 3 doses during the following normothermic phase is advised. Higher-dosing regimens (150 mg/kg/day in 3 doses during hypothermia and 200 mg/kg/day in 4 doses during normothermia) could be considered when achievements of 100% T>4×MIC and 100% T>5×MIC are desired.
Further insight into the involvement of PII1 in starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis leaf chloroplasts.

The control of starch granule initiation in plant leaves is a complex process that requires active enzymes like SS4 or SS3 (Starch Synthase 4 and 3) and several non-catalytic proteins such as PII1 (Protein Involved in starch Initiation 1). In Arabidopsis leaves, Starch Synthase 4(SS4) is the main enzyme that control starch granule initiation, but in its absence, SS3 partly fulfills this function. How these proteins collectively act to control the initiation of starch granules remains elusive. PII1 and SS4 physically interact and PII1 is required for SS4 to be fully active. However, Arabidopsis mutants lacking SS4 or PII1 still accumulate starch granules. Combining pii1 KO mutation with either ss3 or ss4 KO mutations provide new insights of how the remaining starch granules are synthesized. The ss3 pii1 line still accumulates starch while the phenotype of ss4 pii1 is stronger than that of ss4. Our results indicate first that SS4 initiates starch granule synthesis in the absence of PII1 albeit being limited to one large lenticular granule per plastid. Second, that if in the absence of SS4, SS3 is able to initiate starch granules with low efficiency, this ability is further reduced with the additional absence of PII1.
Multimodal prerehabilitation for elderly patients with sarcopenia in colorectal surgery

Sarcopenia, which is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, has been well described to be associated with numerous poor postoperative outcomes, such as increased perioperative mortality, postoperative sepsis, prolonged length of stay, increased cost of care, decreased functional outcome, and poorer oncological outcomes in cancer surgery. Multimodal prehabilitation, as a concept that involves boosting and optimizing the preoperative condition of a patient prior to the upcoming stressors of a surgical procedure, has the purported benefits of reversing the effects of sarcopenia, shortening hospitalization, improving the rate of return to bowel activity, reducing the costs of hospitalization, and improving quality of life. This review aims to present the current literature surrounding the concept of sarcopenia, its implications pertaining to colorectal cancer and surgery, a summary of studied multimodal prehabilitation interventions, and potential future advances in the management of sarcopenia.
Brain‐specific glycosylation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) marks a demyelination‐associated astrocyte subtype

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, where they participate in various homeostatic functions. Transcriptomically, diverse astrocyte subpopulations play distinct roles during development and disease progression. However, the biochemical identification of astrocyte subtypes, especially by membrane surface protein glycosylation, remains poorly investigated. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type zeta (PTPRZ) is a highly expressed membrane protein in CNS glia cells that can be modified with diverse glycosylation, including the unique HNK‐1 capped O‐mannosyl (O‐Man) core M2 glycan mediated by brain‐specific branching enzyme GnT‐IX. Although PTPRZ modified with HNK‐1 capped O‐Man glycans (HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ) is increased in reactive astrocytes of demyelination model mice, whether such astrocytes emerge in a broad range of disease‐associated conditions or are limited to conditions associated with demyelination remains unclear. Here, we show that HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ localizes in hypertrophic astrocytes of damaged brain areas in patients with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, we show that astrocytes expressing HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ are present in two demyelination mouse models (cuprizone‐fed mice and a vanishing white matter disease model), while traumatic brain injury does not induce glycosylation. Administration of cuprizone to Aldh1l1‐eGFP and Olig2KICreER/+;Rosa26eGFP mice revealed that cells expressing HNK‐1‐O‐Man+ PTPRZ are derived from cells in the astrocyte lineage. Notably, GnT‐IX but not PTPRZ mRNA was up‐regulated in astrocytes isolated from the corpus callosum of cuprizone model mice. These results suggest that the unique PTPRZ glycosylation plays a key role in the patterning of demyelination‐associated astrocytes.
Research on Nonlinear Error Compensation Method for Interferometers Based on Tracker

A dynamic nonlinear error compensation method for the interferometers is proposed to meet the design demands of the tracker. It makes the system reach high precise measurement when the target is moving with high speed. With the passive compensation method of the optical path, part of the errors are eliminated. Thus, the periods of the signals could be counted accurately. A dynamic compensation method is proposed for the displacement in less than one period. By tracking the peak values and valley values of the interference signals in one cycle, the zero offsets error and unequal amplitude error can be compensated; then the quadrature phase shift error could be compensated by tracking the intersection of the two compensated signals. By tracking the signals and renewing the compensation parameters, the signals even with random nonlinear errors can get high-precision subdivision. Experiment results show that the system can get nanometer accuracy even the target is moving at high velocity. The system has better adaptability to different environment and anti-jamming capability.
Precision targeted therapy for EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC: Dilemmas and coping strategies

The most common driver gene mutation in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. With the introduction of EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the treatment prospects and prognosis of NSCLC patients with EGFR‐sensitive mutations have significantly improved. Nonetheless, therapies targeting NSCLC are still associated with a risk of primary or secondary nonclassical drug resistance mutations. In recent years, the research and methodology have led to the continuous discovery of new drugs and drug resistance targets. These explorations have also resulted in continuously discovering new drugs. Consequently, rapid advancements have been made to overcome NSCLC drug resistance. This study aimed to review the current dilemma of targeted therapy for EGFR mutation‐positive NSCLC and the coping strategies for these difficulties.
A Building Block Coded Parallel Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in TSP

If the building blocks can be found and treated as the gene units that compose the chromosomes, shorter chromosomes can be produced in evolution. In this article, the Building-block Coded Parallel Genetic Algorithm (BCPGA) was introduced, which is based on the coarse-grained parallel GA. In this approach, the best individuals are collected from the distributed groups every after a period of evolution. From these elites the possible building blocks are identified and treated as gene units to recode the elites. Then the building block coded elites become the initial group of a new period of evolution. The procedure is recycled in the evolution process. A 100-city Travlling Salesman Problem (TSP) was used in the experiement that confirms the improved efficiency of the BCPGA.
Resistance Training for Older Women: Do Adaptive Responses Support the ACSM and NSCA Position Stands?

ABSTRACT Purpose The optimal intensity of resistance training (RT) to improve muscular, physical performance, and metabolic adaptations still needs to be well established for older adults. Based on current position statements, we compared the effects of two different RT loads on muscular strength, functional performance, skeletal muscle mass, hydration status, and metabolic biomarkers in older women. Methods One hundred one older women were randomly allocated to perform a 12-wk whole-body RT program (eight exercises, three sets, three nonconsecutive days a week) into two groups: 8–12 repetitions maximum (RM) and 10–15RM. Muscular strength (1RM tests), physical performance (motor tests), skeletal muscle mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), hydration status (bioelectrical impedance), and metabolic biomarkers (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein) were measured at baseline and posttraining. Results Regarding muscular strength, 8–12RM promoted higher 1RM increases in chest press (+23.2% vs +10.7%, P < 0.01) and preacher curl (+15.7% vs +7.4%, P < 0.01), but not in leg extension (+14.9% vs +12.3%, P > 0.05). Both groups improved functional performance (P < 0.05) in gait speed (4.6%–5.6%), 30 s chair stand (4.6%–5.9%), and 6 min walking (6.7%–7.0%) tests, with no between-group differences (P > 0.05). The 10–15RM group elicited superior improves in the hydration status (total body water, intracellular and extracellular water; P < 0.01), and higher gains of skeletal muscle mass (2.5% vs 6.3%, P < 0.01), upper (3.9% vs 9.0%, P < 0.01) and lower limbs lean soft tissue (2.1% vs 5.4%, P < 0.01). Both groups improved their metabolic profile. However, 10–15RM elicited greater glucose reductions (−0.2% vs −4.9%, P < 0.05) and greater HDL-c increases (−0.2% vs +4.7%, P < 0.01), with no between-group differences for the other metabolic biomarkers (P > 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that 8–2RM seems more effective than 10–15RM for increasing upper limbs’ muscular strength, whereas the adaptative responses for lower limbs and functional performance appear similar in older women. In contrast, 10–15RM seems more effective for skeletal muscle mass gains, and increased intracellular hydration and improvements in metabolic profile may accompany this adaptation.
Analysis of exome data in a UK cohort of 603 patients with syndromic orofacial clefting identifies causal molecular pathways

Abstract Orofacial cleft (OC) is a common congenital anomaly in humans, which has lifelong implications for affected individuals. This disorder can be classified as syndromic or non-syndromic depending on the presence or absence of additional physical or neurodevelopmental abnormalities, respectively. Non-syndromic cleft is often non-familial in nature and has a complex aetiology, whereas syndromic forms tend to be monogenic. Although individual OC-related syndromes have been frequently described in the medical literature, there has not been a comprehensive review across syndromes, thereby leaving a gap in our knowledge, which this paper aims to address. Six hundred and three patients with cleft-related human phenotype ontology terms were identified within the Deciphering Developmental Disorders study. Genes carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified and reviewed enabling a diagnostic yield of 36.5%. In total, 124 candidate genes for syndromic OC were identified, including 34 new genes that should be considered for inclusion in clinical clefting panels. Functional enrichment and gene expression analyses identified three key processes that were significantly overrepresented in syndromic OC gene lists: embryonic morphogenesis, protein stability and chromatin organization. Comparison with non-syndromic OC gene networks led us to propose that chromatin remodelling specifically contributes to the aetiology of syndromic OC. Disease-driven gene discovery is a valid approach to gene identification and curation of gene panels. Through this approach, we have started to unravel common molecular pathways contributing to syndromic orofacial clefting.