Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Literature review on the use of e-learning tools for formative essay-type assessment

1 Introduction Student's written responses are the basis of much of the learning activity in tertiary education. These include essays, reports, and short answers. The approach that tertiary teachers use to set, mark and manage these types of learning activities has remained relatively unchanged in recent years with the use of e-learning tools making little impact. Students may be expected to submit word processed work and teachers may use an electronic class list to store any marks but little else has changed for most. The focus of this literature review is on the marking and management of student supplied input such as essays, short answers, graphs and computer programmes, something that will be called " essay-type assessment ". A comprehensive search of academic journals and conference proceedings was undertaken to establish the status of e-learning use for essay-type assessment in tertiary education. There are two main aims to this literature review. The first aim is to establish the characteristics and importance of formative, coursework assessment. The second aim is to identify e-learning techniques, tools and approaches for this type of assessment, to discuss what is known about their effectiveness and to uncover factors influencing uptake. For the first aim key articles and books that have shaped current theory on formative assessment of student work have been identified and analysed. For the second aim a comprehensive search of e-learning literature from 2001 to the present was conducted. A list of about 100 journals and conferences relevant to assessment and e-learning were identified. From these a subset of close to 40 sources was selected, based on journal impact factor, reputation and relevance to the study. Within these sources over 580 journals editions and conference proceedings were searched. The sources mostly reported on work from Australia, USA, UK, Canada and New Zealand. Books on e-learning assessment that were available in the comprehensive education section of the Massey University library were included in the review. The main method to identify relevant articles was reading titles and abstracts of selected journals articles and papers in conference proceedings. While more time eCDF (528), Literature review, September 2006 4 consuming this method was chosen in preference to keyword search as it presents a more thorough approach to identifying relevant articles. Additionally, keyword search was carried out on several databases. This was done to cover some additional conference publications and to cross-check against the primary search method. markup …
Quake Aftermath: Christchurch Journalists' Collective Trauma Experience and the Implications for Their Reporting

On February 22, 2011, Christchurch-based journalists were jolted out of their normal work routine by a large 6.3 magnitude earthquake that killed 185 people, wrecked the city and forced reporters to reappraise their journalism. This study considers how the earthquake affected journalists’ relationship to the community, their use of sources and news selection. A theory of collective trauma is used to explain the changes that journalists made to their reporting practice. Specifically, Christchurch journalists had a greater identification and attachment to their audience post-earthquake. Journalists viewed themselves as part of the earthquake story, which prompted them to view sources differently, use those sources differently and see advocacy as a keystone of their news work after the disaster. This study adds to a growing scholarship about journalists and trauma, but focuses on what the event meant for local reporters’ choice of sources and news selection rather than measuring rates of psychological distress.
Argument Integration and Attitude Change: Suppression Effects in the Integration of One-Sided Arguments that Vary in Persuasiveness

Petty and Cacioppo's elaboration likelihood model of persuasion and Chaiken, Liberman, and Eagly `s heuristic-systematic model suggest that for highly involved message recipients, adding weaker arguments to strong arguments could suppress or dilute the overall persuasiveness of a message. The few previous studies addressing this prediction, however, have provided conflicting evidence. In the present study, involvement level, number of weak arguments, and number of strong arguments were varied factorially in a message advocating the institution of senior comprehensive exams. Results provided clear support for the predicted weak-argument suppression of attitude change. Analyses of thought-listing data supported the notion that suppression results from the integration of favorable and unfavorable cognitive responses to the communication. Further research questions regarding the processes by which mixed-quality messages exert theirpersuasive impact are discussed.
Sentence matching and processing in L2 development

The processing strategies described in Clahsen (1984) to explain the develop ment of German word order make predictions that can be tested ex perimentally. Clahsen's Initialization/Finalization Strategy (IFS) in particular predicts that uninverted, ADV-SVO sentences will exact less cost in terms of processing than inverted, ADV-VSO sentences, even though inverted sent ences are grammatical in the target language and uninverted sentences are ungrammatical. The experimental means employed to test this prediction is the Sentence Matching (SM) procedure described originally in Freedman and Forster (1985). In the SM procedure, response times are elicited for particular types of sentences by measuring the time (in msec.) it takes for subjects to determine whether two sentences presented by computer are identical or different. The results of one of the experiments reported here show that inverted sentences result in significantly shorter response times than uninverted sentences for non-native speakers. This finding directly contradicts the IFS-derived prediction. However, further experimental work reported here indicates that native speakers do not respond at all to the inverted-uninverted contrast. The rest of the article thus seeks to explain this somewhat surprising finding. The proposed explanation also suggests that natives and non-natives may process sentences in the SM task in rather different ways.
The Study of Melodic Similarity using Manual Annotation and Melody Feature Sets

This paper describes both a newly developed method for manual annotation for aspects of melodic similarity and its use for evaluating melody features concerning their contribution to perceived similarity. The second issue is also addressed with a computational evaluation method. These approaches are applied to a corpus of folk song melodies. We show that classification of melodies could not be based on single features and that the feature sets from the literature are not sufficient to classify melodies into groups of related melodies. The manual annotations enable us to evaluate various models for melodic similarity.
E-marketing et textmining - Une application à l'analyse des opinions de consommateurs sur Internet

The paper aims at delineating the potential advantage of textmining for marketing applications. Even if qualitative inquiry has also been a significant avenue in marketing studies, the information flow engendered by the penetration of Internet reveals the need of quantitative approaches to qualitative material. A case study is proposed focused on the analysis of consumer opinions about a antivirus product.
Efficient Cache Placement in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks

In this paper, we address the problem of efficient cache placement in multi-hop wireless networks. We consider a network comprising a server with an interface to the wired network, and other nodes requiring access to the information stored at the server. In order to reduce access latency in such a communication environment, an effective strategy is caching the server information at some of the nodes distributed across the network. Caching, however, can imply a considerable overhead cost; for instance, disseminating information incurs additional energy as well as bandwidth burden. Since wireless systems are plagued by scarcity of available energy and bandwidth, we need to design caching strategies that optimally trade-off between overhead cost and access latency. We pose our problem as an integer linear program. We show that this problem is the same as a special case of the connected facility location problem, which is known to be NP-hard. We devise a polynomial time algorithm which provides a suboptimal solution. The proposed algorithm applies to any arbitrary network topology and can be implemented in a distributed and asynchronous manner. In the case of a tree topology, our algorithm gives the optimal solution. In the case of an arbitrary topology, it finds a feasible solution with an objective function value within a factor of 6 of the optimal value. This performance is very close to the best approximate solution known today, which is obtained in a centralized manner. We compare the performance of our algorithm against three candidate cache placement schemes, and show via extensive simulation that our algorithm consistently outperforms these alternative schemes
How Do Task Characteristics Affect the Transitions Between Seated and Standing Reaches?

In 3 experiments, we examined the effects of task characteristics on the selection of a reach action (mode) when several alternatives are afforded. In the bead pickup task, actors had to skewer a 2-mm bead using a sewing needle. Performing this task entailed significant postural control and visual requirements. The block pickup task involved picking up a 3-cm Lego(r) block using a 2-finger grip, which entailed minimal postural and visual demands. In Experiment 1, as reach distance increased, actors performing the bead task consistently changed to reach modes that afforded greater postural stability at closer distances than they did for the block task. Also, during the bead task actors avoided the partial standing reach mode from which it was difficult to maintain the postural control required to complete the bead task. Mode avoidance was not observed for the block task. Experiment 2 showed that actors changed reach modes at distances at which the relative comfort of 2 reach modes changed. The outcome of Experiment 3 indicated that the selection of action mode, including mode avoidance, was associated more closely with the postural demands of the task than visual requirements. The outcome of this investigation indicates that people choose actions that effect the necessary postural control required to complete the task.
Data-driven relation discovery from unstructured texts

This work proposes a data driven methodology for the extraction of subject-verb-object triplets from a text corpus. Previous works on the field solved the problem by means of complex learning algorithms requiring hand-crafted examples; our proposal completely avoids learning triplets from a dataset and is built on top of a well-known baseline algorithm designed by Delia Rusu et al. The baseline algorithm uses only syntactic information for generating triplets and is characterized by a very low precision i.e., very few triplets are meaningful. Our idea is to integrate the semantics of the words with the aim of filtering out the wrong triplets, thus increasing the overall precision of the system. The algorithm has been tested over the Reuters Corpus and has it as shown good performance with respect to the baseline algorithm for triplet extraction.
Offline Handwritten Characters Recognition Using Moments Features and Neural Networks

In this paper we revise the moment theory for pattern recognition designed, to extract patterns from the noisy character datas, and develop unconstrained handwritten. Amazigh character recognition method based upon orthogonal moments and neural networks classifier. We argue that, given the natural flexibility of neural network models and the extent of parallel processing that they allow, our algorithm is a step forward in character recognition. More importantly, following the approach proposed, we apply our system to two different databases, to examine the ability to recognize patterns under noise. We discover overwhelming support for different style of writing. Moreover, this basic conclusion appears to remain valid across different levels of smoothing and insensitive to the nuances of character patterns. Experiments tested the effect of set size on recognition accuracy which can reach 97.46%. The novelty of the proposed method is independence of size, slant, orientation, and translation. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally evaluated and the promising results and findings are presented. Our method is compared to K-NN (k-nearest neighbors) classifier algorithm; results show performances of our method.
Sync-and-Burst: Force-Directed Graph Drawing with Uniform Force Magnitudes

We introduce a force-directed algorithm, called Sync-and-Burst, which falls into the category of classical force-directed graph drawing algorithms. A distinct feature in Sync-and-Burst is the use of simplified forces of attraction and repulsion whose magnitude does not depend on the distance between vertices. Instead, magnitudes are uniform throughout the graph at each iteration and monotonically increase as the number of iterations grows. The Sync-and-Burst layouts are always circular in shape with relatively even distribution of vertices throughout the drawing area. We demonstrate that aesthetically pleasing layouts are achieved in O(n) iterations.
Mycotoxin contamination of animal feedingstuff: detoxification by gamma-irradiation and reduction of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A concentrations

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites identified in many agricultural products screened for toxigenic moulds. They have been reported to be carcinogenic, teratogenic, tremorogenic, haemorrhagic and dermatitic to a wide range of organisms. With the increasing stringent regulations for mycotoxins imposed by importing countries such as those of the European Union, many cereals that are not safe for human consumption are used in formulations intended for animal feed. Gamma-rays are reported in the scientific literature to destroy ochratoxin A and aflatoxin in food crops and feed. The present study provides preliminary data for establishing the effect of dose of gamma-irradiation, ranging from 0 to 15 kGy, on aflatoxins and ochratoxin A reduction in commercial animal feed. The mycotoxin levels were determined by means of immunoaffinity clean-up (IAC) and HPLC with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The maximum reductions found at 15 kGy were 23.9%, 18.2%, 11.0%, 21.1% and 13.6% for ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1 and aflatoxin G2, respectively. Results showed that the gamma-rays even at 15 kGy were not effective in the complete destruction of ochratoxin A and aflatoxins in the tested feed.
Multiple-view structure and motion from line correspondences

We address the problem of camera motion and structure reconstruction from line correspondences across multiple views, from initialization to final bundle adjustment. One of the main difficulties when dealing with line features is their algebraic representation. First, we consider the triangulation problem. Based on Plucker coordinates to represent the lines, we propose a maximum likelihood algorithm, relying on linearising the Plucker constraint, and on a Plucker correction procedure to compute the closest Plucker coordinates to a given 6-vector. Second, we consider the bundle adjustment problem. Previous overparameterizations of 3D lines induce gauge freedoms and/or internal consistency constraints. We propose the orthonormal representation, which allows handy nonlinear optimization of 3D lines using the minimum 4 parameters, within an unconstrained nonlinear optimizer. We compare our algorithms to existing ones on simulated and real data.
Introduction to the special section: minority politics and the territoriality principle in Europe

Territorial arrangements for managing inter-ethnic relations within states are far from consensual. Although self-governance for minorities is commonly advocated, international documents are ambiguously formulated. Conflicting pairs of principles, territoriality vs. personality, and self-determination vs. territorial integrity, along with diverging state interests account for this gap. Together, the articles in this special section address the territoriality principle and its hardly operative practice on the ground, with particular attention to European cases. An additional theme reveals itself in the articles: the ambiguity of minority recognition politics. This introductory article briefly presents these two common themes, followed by an outline of three recent proposals discussed especially in Eastern Europe that seek to bypass the controversial territorial autonomy model: cultural rights in municipalities with a “substantial” proportion of minority members; the cultural autonomy model; and European regionalism and multi-level governance.
Metal Oxide Nanostructures and Their Gas Sensing Properties: A Review

Metal oxide gas sensors are predominant solid-state gas detecting devices for domestic, commercial and industrial applications, which have many advantages such as low cost, easy production, and compact size. However, the performance of such sensors is significantly influenced by the morphology and structure of sensing materials, resulting in a great obstacle for gas sensors based on bulk materials or dense films to achieve highly-sensitive properties. Lots of metal oxide nanostructures have been developed to improve the gas sensing properties such as sensitivity, selectivity, response speed, and so on. Here, we provide a brief overview of metal oxide nanostructures and their gas sensing properties from the aspects of particle size, morphology and doping. When the particle size of metal oxide is close to or less than double thickness of the space-charge layer, the sensitivity of the sensor will increase remarkably, which would be called “small size effect”, yet small size of metal oxide nanoparticles will be compactly sintered together during the film coating process which is disadvantage for gas diffusion in them. In view of those reasons, nanostructures with many kinds of shapes such as porous nanotubes, porous nanospheres and so on have been investigated, that not only possessed large surface area and relatively mass reactive sites, but also formed relatively loose film structures which is an advantage for gas diffusion. Besides, doping is also an effective method to decrease particle size and improve gas sensing properties. Therefore, the gas sensing properties of metal oxide nanostructures assembled by nanoparticles are reviewed in this article. The effect of doping is also summarized and finally the perspectives of metal oxide gas sensor are given.
The RecA-Dependent SOS Response Is Active and Required for Processing of DNA Damage during Bacillus subtilis Sporulation

The expression of and role played by RecA in protecting sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis from DNA damage has been determined. Results showed that the DNA-alkylating agent Mitomycin-C (M-C) activated expression of a PrecA-gfpmut3a fusion in both sporulating cells’ mother cell and forespore compartments. The expression levels of a recA-lacZ fusion were significantly lower in sporulating than in growing cells. However, M-C induced levels of ß-galactosidase from a recA-lacZ fusion ~6- and 3-fold in the mother cell and forespore compartments of B. subtilis sporangia, respectively. Disruption of recA slowed sporulation and sensitized sporulating cells to M-C and UV-C radiation, and the M-C and UV-C sensitivity of sporangia lacking the transcriptional repair-coupling factor Mfd was significantly increased by loss of RecA. We postulate that when DNA damage is encountered during sporulation, RecA activates the SOS response thus providing sporangia with the repair machinery to process DNA lesions that may compromise the spatio-temporal expression of genes that are essential for efficient spore formation.
Comparing the work values of engineers with managers, production, and clerical workers: A multivariate analysis

Summary Engineers and scientists have been compared in previous research on their work attitudes. Conceivably the interest in comparing these two groups of professionals was a result of the joint work they often do in research and development departments. The present framework suggests that engineers who work in production departments would have work values and attitudes which would be more similar to those of managers. Survey data was collected from 432 employees in two industrial corporations in Israel. Profile analysis showed that the work values of engineers were similar to those of managers and different from those of production and clerical workers. Furthermore, work values were also related to behavioral outcomes such as performance and tardiness. Implications regarding the study of engineering as a profession and the use of work values in organizational research are discussed.
(2E)-1-(4-Aminophenyl)-3-(2-thienyl)prop-2-en-1-one ethanol hemisolvate

In the title compound, C13H11NOS·0.5C2H6O, the chalcone derivative is close to planar, the dihedral angle between the thiophene and 4-aminophenyl rings being 3.1 (2)°. The thiophene ring is disordered over two orientations with occupancies of 0.842 (3) and 0.158 (3). In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into chains along the b axis by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The chains are crosslinked via N—H⋯π interactions involving the thiophene ring. The ethanol solvent molecule is also disordered over two positions, each with an occupancy of 0.25.
Human securin proteolysis is controlled by the spindle checkpoint and reveals when the APC/C switches from activation by Cdc20 to Cdh1

Progress through mitosis is controlled by the sequential destruction of key regulators including the mitotic cyclins and securin, an inhibitor of anaphase whose destruction is required for sister chromatid separation. Here we have used live cell imaging to determine the exact time when human securin is degraded in mitosis. We show that the timing of securin destruction is set by the spindle checkpoint; securin destruction begins at metaphase once the checkpoint is satisfied. Furthermore, reimposing the checkpoint rapidly inactivates securin destruction. Thus, securin and cyclin B1 destruction have very similar properties. Moreover, we find that both cyclin B1 and securin have to be degraded before sister chromatids can separate. A mutant form of securin that lacks its destruction box (D-box) is still degraded in mitosis, but now this is in anaphase. This destruction requires a KEN box in the NH2 terminus of securin and may indicate the time in mitosis when ubiquitination switches from APCCdc20 to APCCdh1. Lastly, a D-box mutant of securin that cannot be degraded in metaphase inhibits sister chromatid separation, generating a cut phenotype where one cell can inherit both copies of the genome. Thus, defects in securin destruction alter chromosome segregation and may be relevant to the development of aneuploidy in cancer.
Realization Utility with Reference-Dependent Preferences

We develop a tractable model of realization utility that studies the role of reference-dependent S-shaped preferences in a dynamic investment setting with reinvestment. Our model generates both voluntarily realized gains and losses. It makes specific predictions about the volume of gains and losses, the holding periods, and the sizes of both realized and paper gains and losses that can be calibrated to a variety of statistics, including Odean's measure of the disposition effect. Our model also predicts several anomalies, including, among others, the flattening of the capital market line and a negative price for idiosyncratic risk. The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.