Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An orthogonal space-time block code with Q-PPM modulation

Orthogonal space-time block code (OSTBC) can greatly improve transmit speed rate and mitigate the effect caused by atmospheric turbulence, furthermore it can reduce the error rate in the wireless optical communication system. In this paper, the model of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless optical communication about the Gaussian channel is proposed. And an orthogonal space-time block codes using pulse position modulation (PPM) is advised. Then the maximum likelihood decision rule and the symbol error probability (SEP) is deduced. At last, the feasibility of this technique is proved by simulation experiment, and moreover our code is compared with the complement orthogonal space-time block code (COSTBC). The experiment results show that our code is an effective fading-mitigation technique to overcome scintillation effect and can achieve the 1 speed rate transmission in free space optical communication system.
Professional Ethics and Accounting Education: A Critique of the 8-Step Method

Recently the topic of ethics has received much attention both in the popular press and in professional and educational journals. Accounting, like other professional disciplines, has been grappling with a number of questions relating to the formal education of accounting students. For example, are we currently teaching enough ethics to our students? Should we teach ethics? Can ethics be taught? It is my belief that these questions have already been adequately addressed in the accounting education literature. Now the focus should be shifted to how we can best teach ethics to accounting students.
How common is hypothyroidism after external radiotherapy to neck in head and neck cancer patients?

Abstract Purpose: To identify the occurrence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism among head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation to the neck and to justify routine performing of thyroid function tests during follow-up. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective nonrandomized study of 45 patients of head and neck cancer, receiving radiotherapy (RT). Thyroid stimulating hormone and T4 estimations were done at baseline and at 4 months and 9 months following RT. Results: Of the 45 patients, 37(82.2 %) were males and eight (17.8 %) were females. All patients received radiation to the neck to a dose of >40Gy. 35.6% received concurrent chemotherapy. Two patients underwent prior neck dissection. Fourteen patients (31.1%) were found to have clinical hypothyroidism (P value of 0.01). Five (11.1%) patients were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism with a total 19 of 45 (42.2%) patients developing radiation-induced hypothyroidism. Nine of 14 patients with clinical hypothyroidism were in the age group of 51 to 60 years (P=0.0522). Five of 16 patients who received chemoradiation and nine of 29 who received RT alone developed clinical hypothyroidism. Above 40 Gy radiation dose was not a relevant risk factor for hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism (clinical or subclinical) is an under-recognized morbidity of external radiation to the neck which is seen following a minimum dose of 40 Gy to neck. Recognizing hypothyroidism (clinical or subclinical) early and treating it prevents associated complications. Hence, thyroid function tests should be made routine during follow-up.
of the Asia Pacific Advanced Network A Review of 6 LoWPAN Routing Protocols

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group has standardized the transmission of internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) packets over IEEE 802.15. 4 low power wireless personal area network (LoWPAN) as 6LoWPAN protocol. It provides the wireless sensor network (WSN) node with IP communication capabilities by putting an adaptation layer above the 802.15. 4 link layer. Different mechanisms performed by adaptation layer require the 6LoWPAN header encapsulation in the packet. Although routing is among the key issues of 6LoWPAN research, the way to encapsulate a new routing header in the 6LoWPAN packet has yet been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, different ways of routing header encapsulation in 6LoWPAN protocol stack is discussed. The simplified version Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) such as On-Demand Distance Vector (LOAD) and Dynamic MANET On-demand for 6LoWPAN (DYMO-low) have currently been proposed in 6LoWPAN routing. Hierarchical routing (HiLow) is another routing protocol that is used in 6LoWPAN to increase the network scalability. Some comparisons of these routing protocols have been made in terms of their routing metric such as number of hops count. The used control messages for the route discovery in different routing protocols have also been investigated. These comparisons show that each routing protocol has its own advantage depends on the involved applications. There are some tradeoffs of respective routing protocols. The routing protocol that uses hello message may provide more reliable but results a higher delay in the packet routing.
Common Promoter Variant in Cyclooxygenase-2 Represses Gene Expression: Evidence of Role in Acute-Phase Inflammatory Response

Objective—Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is a key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of prostanoids associated with trauma and inflammation. We investigated the COX-2 gene for functional variants that may influence susceptibility to disease. Methods and Results—The promoter of COX-2 was screened for variants in healthy subjects by use of polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Promoter activity was investigated by using reporter expression experiments in human lung fibroblasts. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, with measurements of plasma markers linked to COX-2 activity, were genotyped for association studies. A common COX-2 promoter variant, −765G>C, was found and shown to be carried by >25% of a group of healthy UK subjects. The −765C allele had significantly lower promoter activity compared with −765G, basally (28±3% lower, P <0.005) and in serum-stimulated cells (31±2% lower, P <0.005). In patients subjected to coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the magnitude of rise in levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) was strongly genotype dependent. Compared with −765G homozygotes, patients carrying the −765C allele had significantly lower plasma CRP levels at 1 to 4 days after surgery (14% lower at the peak of CRP levels on day 3, P <0.05 for all time points). Conclusions—For several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, −765G>C may influence the variability of response observed.
Self-similar pressure oscillations in neutron star envelopes as probes of neutron star structure

We study eigenmodes of acoustic oscillations of high multipolarity l ∼ 100‐1000 and high frequency (∼100 kHz), localized in neutron star envelopes. We show that the oscillation problem is self-similar. Once the oscillation spectrum is calculated for a given equation of state (EOS) in the envelope and given stellar mass M and radius R, it can be rescaled to a star with any M and R (but the same EOS in the envelope). For l 300, the modes can be subdivided into the outer and inner ones. The outer modes are mainly localized in the outer envelope. The inner modes are mostly localized near the neutron drip point, being associated with the softening of the EOS after the neutron drip. We calculate oscillation spectra for the EOSs of cold-catalyzed and accreted matter and show that the spectra of the inner modes are essentially different. A detection and identification of high-frequency pressure modes would allow one to infer M and R and determine also the EOS in the envelope (accreted or ground state) providing a new, potentially powerful method to explore the main parameters and internal structure of neutron
Overview of the seventh text retrieval conference (trec-7) [on-line]

The seventh Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-7) was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on November 9{11, 1998. The conference was co-sponsored by NIST and the Information Technology O ce of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) as part of the TIPSTER Text Program. TREC-7 is the latest in a series of workshops designed to foster research in text retrieval. For analyses of the results of previous workshops, see Sparck Jones [7], Tague-Sutcli e and Blustein [9], and Harman [2]. In addition, the overview paper in each of the previous TREC proceedings summarizes the results of that TREC. The TREC workshop series has the following goals:
Developing adaptive capacity through reflexivity: lessons from collaborative research with a UK water utility

This paper develops debates about reflexivity and its role in adaptive management and collaborative research through recounting the case of an action research project aiming to support water utilities in adapting to climate change. The project sought to produce ‘usable’ knowledge about adaptation through interpretive social scientists working closely with water utility practitioners operating within a positivist knowledge context. Developing the work of Stirling, Voß and Kemp, the paper identifies four challenges arising from this collaboration. We have named these the challenges of difference, integrity, fit and valid knowledge. Each challenge was addressed through reflexive processes of first opening up debate and then closing down discussion by identifying routes for action. The paper argues that these same challenges may pose difficulties and hence require careful consideration in other collaborative projects that cross not only the interpretive-positivist but also the research–practice divide. We conclude that if collaborations are to be maintained, making things less comfortable and more reflexive must be cautious, based on strong relations of trust and willingness to, at times, compromise on what one believes is ‘usable’ knowledge.
Glucose Transport in the Extremely Thermoacidophilic Sulfolobus solfataricus Involves a High-Affinity Membrane-Integrated Binding Protein

ABSTRACT The archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus grows optimally at 80°C and pH 2.5 to 3.5 on carbon sources such as yeast extracts, tryptone, and various sugars. Cells rapidly accumulate glucose. This transport activity involves a membrane-bound glucose-binding protein that interacts with its substrate with very high affinity (Kd of 0.43 μM) and retains high glucose affinity at very low pH values (as low as pH 0.6). The binding protein was extracted with detergent and purified to homogeneity as a 65-kDa glycoprotein. The gene coding for the binding protein was identified in the S. solfataricus P2 genome by means of the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein. Sequence analysis suggests that the protein is anchored to the membrane via an amino-terminal transmembrane segment. Neighboring genes encode two membrane proteins and an ATP-binding subunit that are transcribed in the reverse direction, whereas a homologous gene cluster inPyrococcus horikoshii OT3 was found to be organized in an operon. These data indicate that S. solfataricus utilizes a binding-protein-dependent ATP-binding cassette transporter for the uptake of glucose.
Clinicopathological analysis of CD8-positive lymphocytes in the tumor parenchyma and stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be a manifestation of antitumor immunity. In the present study, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and pericancerous non-tumor liver tissues samples were obtained from 86 surgical patients who had not received preoperative treatment. The cellular expression levels of CD4 and CD8 were immunohistochemically examined in the two tissue groups using tissue microarrays, to evaluate their clinicopathological relevance. Immunohistochemically, CD4 and CD8 T cells were observed in the tumor parenchyma and tumor stroma, and the intensity of CD4 and CD8 immunoreactivity was homogeneous in all HCC samples examined. Morphometrically, the average numbers of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells were significantly increased in the tumor stroma, compared with those in the tumor parenchyma (tumor stroma versus tumor parenchyma: 22±3.6 versus 7.4±0.9 in CD4, 32.8±4.2 versus 16±2.5 in CD8; both P<0.01). Furthermore, the average numbers of CD8-positive T cells in the tumor parenchyma and stroma were significantly increased, compared with the average numbers of CD4-positive cells (P<0.05). In addition, in the tumor parenchyma and stroma, the average numbers of CD8 T cells were significantly higher in patients with tumor diameters ≤5 cm compared with those in patients with tumor diameters >5 cm (diameter ≤5 cm versus diameter >5 cm: 18.1±3.3 versus 12.2±3.8 in tumor parenchyma, 36.5±4.8 versus 21.9±8.9 in tumor stroma; both P<0.05). In addition, CD8 expression was significantly enhanced in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, compared with paired tumor parenchymal tissues (P<0.01). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between CD4 and CD8 expression in the tumor parenchyma and stroma (both P<0.001). These observations suggest that tumor parenchyma- or stroma-infiltrating CD8 T cells may be involved in HCC tumor diameter control.
Hydropolitics of the Nile: The case of Ethiopia and Egypt

ABSTRACT This article analyses the political relationship between Ethiopia and Egypt. It aims to provide an analytical framework to unpack this complex relationship and assess the impacts that the Nile River has on the nature of this relationship. It further identifies geopolitical factors determining the impacts of the Nile River on frameworks of actions and political opportunity structures in which political actors operate. Accordingly, the different combinations of these determinants lead to the formation of political actors and ensuing actions that can fuel conflict, sustain the status quo or build peace. The article seeks to provide tentative answers to the following questions: what can be done or what mechanisms might be used to reduce the risk of conflict? What parties should participate and what will be their roles? And how can modern technology and science contribute to a possible solution?
Prefrontal left--dominant hemisphere--gamma and delta oscillators in general anaesthesia with volatile anaesthetics during open thoracic surgery.

OBJECTIVES The main objective was to indicate sufficient general anaesthesia (GA) inhibition for negative experience rejection in GA. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated the group of patients (n = 17, mean age 63.59 years, 9 male--65.78 years, 8 female - 61.13 years) during GA in open thorax surgery and analyzed EEG signal by power spectrum (pEEG) delta (DR), and gamma rhythms (GR). EEG was performed: OPO - the day before surgery and in surgery phases OP1-OP5 during GA. Particular GA phases: OP1 = after pre- medication, OP2 = surgery onset, OP3 = surgery with one-side lung ventilation, OP4 = end of surgery, both sides ventilation, OP5 = end of GA. pEEG registering in the left frontal region Fp1-A1 montage in 17 right handed persons. RESULTS Mean DR power in OP2 phase is significantly higher than in phase OP5 and mean DR power in OP3 is higher than in OP5. One-lung ventilation did not change minimal alveolar concentration and gases should not accelerate decrease in mean DR power. Higher mean value of GR power in OPO than in OP3 was statistically significant. Mean GR power in OP3 is statistically significantly lower than in OP4 correlating with the same gases concentration in OP3 and OP4. CONCLUSION Our results showed DR power decreased since OP2 till the end of GA it means inhibition represented by power DR fluently decreasing is sufficient for GA depth. GR power decay near the working memory could reduce conscious cognition and unpleasant explicit experience in GA.
Challenges faced in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults

© 2016 Levine et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress. com/terms. php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Clinical Oncology in Adolescents and Young Adults 2016:6 11–20 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress. com
Acclimation of nitrogen uptake capacity of rice to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nitrogen (N) is a major factor affecting yield gain of crops under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO(2)]. It is well established that elevated [CO(2)] increases root mass, but there are inconsistent reports on the effects on N uptake capacity per root mass. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the responses of N uptake capacity would change with the duration of exposure to elevated [CO(2)]. METHODS The hypothesis was tested by measuring N uptake capacity in rice plants exposed to long-term and short-term [CO(2)] treatments at different growth stages in plants grown under non-limiting N conditions in hydroponic culture. Seasonal changes in photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate were also measured. KEY RESULTS In the long-term [CO(2)] study, leaf photosynthetic responses to intercellular CO(2) concentration (Ci) were not affected by elevated [CO(2)] before the heading stage, but the initial slope in this response was decreased by elevated [CO(2)] at the grain-filling stage. Nitrate and ammonium uptake capacities per root dry weight were not affected by elevated [CO(2)] at panicle initiation, but thereafter they were reduced by elevated [CO(2)] by 31-41 % at the full heading and mid-ripening growth stages. In the short-term study (24 h exposures), elevated [CO(2)] enhanced nitrate and ammonium uptake capacities at the early vegetative growth stage, but elevated [CO(2)] decreased the uptake capacities at the mid-reproductive stage. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that N uptake capacity was downregulated under long-term exposure to elevated [CO(2)] and its response to elevated [CO(2)] varied greatly with growth stage.
Sensitivity of mammography and ultrasonography on detecting abnormal findings of ductal carcinoma in situ.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and determine the sensitivity in Thai women. MATERIAL AND METHOD Mammograms and bilateral whole-breast ultrasonograms of 37 proven cases of DCIS were reviewed. The former was assessed for microcalcifications and soft tissue densities while the latter was evaluated for masses and thickened ducts. Ultrasonography was used to spot the areas to visualize soft tissue densities in mammogram. RESULTS Mammography detected 22 cases of DCIS having pure microcalcifications, eight cases with mixed microcalcifications and soft tissue densities, six cases with pure abnormal soft tissue densities and one case showing negative finding. The ultrasonography detected 13 cases showing masses, seven cases as showing thickened ducts and 17 cases as negative findings. CONCLUSION Microcalcifications are characteristic findings in mammogram accounting for 81% of DCIS in the present study. Ultrasonography shows abnormalities including mass and thickened duct lesions in 54% of DCIS. The combined modalities can give the detection of abnormalities in 97% of DCIS.
Changes in developmental assets and physical activity frequency among 3rd–5th grade girls participating in a girl-focused sport-based positive youth development program

Despite the numerous benefits of physical activity on mental, cognitive, social, and physical health, females are less active than males. Sport-based positive youth development (PYD) programs designed for girls may offer the unique blend of sport and life skills that address girl-specific physical activity determinants. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term outcomes of a girl-focused sport-based PYD among 3rd–5th grade girls. A secondary analysis of pre- and post-intervention evaluation data was conducted to assess developmental assets, overall PYD, and physical activity among intervention participants (n = 384). Data analyses included descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests to determine pre- to post-intervention changes. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in competence (p = .001), confidence (p < .001), and connectedness (p = .001) developmental assets, as well as overall PYD (p < .001) and physical activity frequency (p < .001). Findings suggest that a girl-focused sport-based PYD program may produce improvements in targeted development assets and physical activity frequency. This study provides preliminary data to support future studies examining the short-term effectives of sport-based PYD programs for addressing physical activity determinants among preadolescent girls.
Modeling and motion planning for mechanisms on a non-inertial base

Robotic manipulators on ships and platforms suffer from large inertial forces due to the non-inertial motion of the ship or platform. When operating in high sea state, operation of such manipulators can be made more efficient and robust if these non-inertial effects are taken into account in the motion planning and control systems. Motivated by this application, we present a rigorous and singularity-free formulation of the dynamics of a robotic manipulator mounted on a non-inertial base. We extend the classical dynamics equations for a serial manipulator to include the 6-DoF motion of the non-inertial base. Then, we show two examples of a 1-DoF and a 4-DoF manipulator to illustrate how these non-inertial effects can be taken into account in the motion planning.
D-S Theory-based Trust Model FIRE^+ in Multi-agent Systems

In open multi-agent systems (MAS), interaction between agents is uncertain. Trust plays an important role in deciding with whom to interact and how to interact with it. Current trust models have solved the problem of how to quantify, deduce and evaluate trust, but there are still challenges. This paper presents FIRE+ trust model using utility loss of issue to evaluate trust values. With the representation of matrix, it efficiently increases the rating information. Also by introducing D-S theory and WMA, it can handle uncertain information and dishonest witness finely. Meanwhile, our approach introduces the concept of information-amount to derive each issue 's weight so as to gain the whole trust value of the target agent. It also takes witness reliability into account. Experiments show that FIRE+ is more effective than others.
Clonal Anergy Is Maintained Independently of T Cell Proliferation1

Ag encounter in the absence of proliferation results in the establishment of T cell unresponsiveness, also known as T cell clonal anergy. Anergic T cells fail to proliferate upon restimulation because of the inability to produce IL-2 and to properly regulate the G1 cell cycle checkpoint. Because optimal TCR and CD28 engagement can elicit IL-2-independent cell cycle progression, we investigated whether CD3/CD28-mediated activation of anergic T cells could overcome G1 cell cycle block, drive T cell proliferation, and thus reverse clonal anergy. We show here that although antigenic stimulation fails to elicit G1-to-S transition, anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs allow proper cell cycle progression and proliferation of anergic T cells. However, CD3/CD28-mediated cell division does not restore Ag responsiveness. Our data instead indicate that reversal of clonal anergy specifically requires an IL-2-dependent, rapamycin-sensitive signal, which is delivered independently of cell proliferation. Thus, by tracing proliferation and Ag responsiveness of individual cells, we show that whereas both TCR/CD28 and IL-2-generated signals can drive T cell proliferation, only IL-2/IL-2R interaction regulates Ag responsiveness, indicating that proliferation and clonal anergy can be independently regulated.