Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fast quantum mechanics based contour extraction algorithm

A fast algorithm was proposed to decrease the computational cost of the contour extraction approach based on quantum mechanics. The contour extraction approach based on quantum mechanics is a novel method proposed recently by us, which will be presented on the same conference by another paper of us titled "a statistical approach to contour extraction based on quantum mechanics". In our approach, contour extraction was modeled as the locus of a moving particle described by quantum mechanics, which is obtained by the most probable locus of the particle simulated in a large number of iterations. In quantum mechanics, the probability that a particle appears at a point is equivalent to the square amplitude of the wave function. Furthermore, the expression of the wave function can be derived from digital images, making the probability of the locus of a particle available. We employed the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to estimate the square amplitude of the wave function. Finally, our fast quantum mechanics based contour extraction algorithm (referred as our fast algorithm hereafter) was evaluated by a number of different images including synthetic and medical images. It was demonstrated that our fast algorithm can achieve significant improvements in accuracy and robustness compared with the well-known state-of-the-art contour extraction techniques and dramatic reduction of time complexity compared to the statistical approach to contour extraction based on quantum mechanics.
High expression of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A induces progression of renal cell carcinoma.

Aldolase A (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A, ALDOA) is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes reversible conversion of fructose‑1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. ALDOA has been revealed to be related with many carcinomas, but its expression and function in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unknown. This study aimed to detect expression of ALDOA in human RCC tissue samples and to explore its function in RCC cell lines. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify ALDOA in human RCC samples. A total of 139 RCC tissue samples obtained after surgery were analyzed in tissue microarray for ALDOA immunohistochemistry-based protein expression. Assays for cell cycle, viability, migration, and invasion were performed to assess phenotypic changes in RCC cells after ALDOA knockdown by small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing approach and ALDOA upregulation by overexpression plasmids. Western blot analysis was used to identify alterations in markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which affects metastasis and the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway that influences RCC cell growth. ALDOA was upregulated in RCC samples and RCC cell lines (P<0.01). Expression of ALDOA was significantly associated with metastasis (P=0.020) and survival (P=0.0341). Downregulation of ALDOA suppressed proliferation (P<0.05) by triggering G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (P<0.05) and also inhibited migration (P<0.05) and invasion (P<0.01). Upregulation of ALDOA promoted proliferation (P<0.05) and enhanced migration (P<0.001) and invasion (P<0.001). Low expression of ALDOA could reverse EMT and inactivate the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Our data revealed that ALDOA functions as a tumor promoter, plays a prominent role in proliferation, migration, and invasion of RCC cells with high expression, and may promote EMT and activate the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.
Security Response

Introduction Since its appearance in late-2008, the Downadup worm has become one of the most widespread threats to hit the Internet for a number of years. A complex piece of malicious code, this threat was able to jump certain network hurdles, hide in the shadows of network traffic, and defend itself against attack with a deftness not often seen in today's threat landscape. Yet it contained few previously unseen features. What set it apart was the sheer number of tricks it held up its sleeve. It all started in mid-October of 2008, we began to receive reports of targeted attacks taking advantage of an as-yet unknown vulnerability in Window's remote procedure call (RPC) service. Microsoft quickly released an out-of-band security patch (MS08-067), going so far as to classify the update as " critical " for some operating systems—the highest designation for a Microsoft Security Bulletin. It didn't take long for malware authors to utilize this vulnerability in their malicious code. In early November, W32.Kernelbot. A and W32.Wecorl appeared, demonstrating limited success in exploiting MS08-067. Still much of the talk at the time focused on the potential havoc that could be caused by this vulnerability, as opposed to damage caused by these threats. It wasn't until late November that W32.Downadup appeared (also called Conficker by some news agencies and antivirus vendors). This threat achieved modest propagation success, partly due to its borrowing from the work of the Metasploit Project, which had been actively developing more reliable proof-of-concept methods to take advantage of the vulnerability. A comprehensive guide to the threat's mechanics.
Three Key Concerns for a Successful EPR Deployment and Usage

The health care environment is unique because of the large and complex organisation with a traditional hierarchic structure that is governed by laws and regulations. This paper examines how a large Swedish health care organisation work with usability issues regarding Electronic Patient Record (EPR) deployment and usage. EPR systems have great impact on work environment and clinical work routines will not be performed in the same way as before. This paper analyse how the EPR management and core business understand their EPR responsibilities and work with usability aspects at different levels in the organisations. The paper reveals that there is a conflict about responsibility between EPR management and core business management. The reasons for the confusion are contradictive understanding of what an EPR system is, an IT system or a tool for the core business to perform better health care work. This leads to that care staff's experience regarding the EPR system's usability, is not being listened to within the organisation. Three key concerns for a successful EPR deployment and usage are identified and further analysed; education, evaluation and support & improvement ideas.
Improving Semantic Video Retrieval via Object-Based Features

State-of-the-art systems for generic concept detection rely on low-level features, and in some cases additionally on features based on face detection, optical character recognition and/or speech recognition. In this paper, an approach for the task of semantic video retrieval is presented that systematically utilizes results of specialized object detectors. Using these object detectors trained on separate public data sets, object-based features are generated by assembling detection results to object sequences. A shot-based confidence score as well as further features, such as position, frame coverage and movement, are computed for each object class. Experimental results on TRECVID test data show significant improvements in terms of retrieval performance not only for the object classes, but also in particular for a large number of indirectly related concepts.
Minimal Critical Subsystems as Counterexamples for ω-Regular DTMC Properties

We propose a new approach to compute counterexamples for violated ω-regular properties of discrete-time Markov chains. Whereas most approaches compute a set of system paths as a counterexample, we determine a critical subsystem that already violates the given property. In earlier work methods have been introduced to compute such subsystems for safety properties, based on a search for shortest paths. In this paper we use mixed integer linear programming to determine minimal critical subsystems for arbitrary ω-regular properties.
Deadlock avoidance algorithms for assembly processes with unreliable resources

This paper focuses on synthesis of controllers that can operate in the presence of machine failure. We formulate a deadlock avoidance controller synthesis problem for assembly production processes with unreliable machines based on resource unavailability models, which regard unavailability of resources as loss of tokens in nominal Petri net models. We define two types of token losses to model different modes of machine failure. For each type of token loss, we establish sufficient conditions that guarantee the liveness of the Petri nets after tokens are removed. An algorithm is proposed to conduct feasibility analysis by searching for recovery control sequence and to make the resources released from blocking situation so that all the remaining available resources can be effectively utilized for production. Our algorithm synthesizes control logics that try to minimize the recovery or reset operations that need to be conducted, so that the impacts on existing production schedule can be reduced.
Recurrent Inappropriate ICD Shocks : Header Bonding Malfunction in Guidant Vitality Device

Inappropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) shocks remain a major challenge despite advances in the technology and better discrimination algorithms. One of the important causes of inappropriate ICD shock is lead failure over time. Weakened header bonding causing lead noise and resultant over-sensing that causes inappropriate ICD is rare but has been reported with the Medtronic Elite family of pacemakers and Boston Scientific Cognis/Teligen ICD series. We report the first case of inappropriate ICD shock resulting from weakened header bonding in the Boston Scientific Guidant Vitality series.
Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy

Overuse tendinopathy is problematic to manage clinically. People of different ages with tendons under diverse loads present with varying degrees of pain, irritability, and capacity to function. Recovery is similarly variable; some tendons recover with simple interventions, some remain resistant to all treatments. The pathology of tendinopathy has been described as degenerative or failed healing. Neither of these descriptions fully explains the heterogeneity of presentation. This review proposes, and provides evidence for, a continuum of pathology. This model of pathology allows rational placement of treatments along the continuum. A new model of tendinopathy and thoughtful treatment implementation may improve outcomes for those with tendinopathy. This model is presented for evaluation by clinicians and researchers.
Characteristics of Successful Instruction in Introductory Finance Course : Online Versus Traditional Course Delivery

Since the seminal papers by Barr (1958) and Hildebrand, Wilson, and Dienst (1971), many researchers have investigated the traits that create a successful teacher. In a similar vein, the advent of online education elicits a growing body of literature that expounds the characteristics of a successful online instructor. Several pieces of research have further investigated the similarities and differences in student perception and satisfaction in online and traditional course formats. We seek the common qualities that make an instructor effective in both formats of the instructional methods by blending the established ‘best practices’ in teaching with the key characteristics of effective online teaching. This paper uses an introductory finance course over several semesters to explore these hypotheses. The data for the study has been collected from various sections of the course that have been taught by the same instructor in both online and technology-aided traditional formats. This study is unique in two aspects. First, it comprehensively investigates the factors that can affect the performance of an instructor irrespective of the mode of instruction. To this effect, the study investigates three classes of factors, namely, teaching materials, collaborative learning, and instructor performance and student-instructor interactions. Second, the study uses factor analysis to identify relevant explanatory variables and uses multiple discriminant analysis to test the teaching effectiveness factors proposed by several past authors for their significance. The results fail to indicate any broad differences in student satisfaction and performance irrespective of the delivery format. Significant differences in factor relevancy, however, exist in online and technology-aided traditional instructions to determine student performance and satisfaction. Specifically, the student-instructor engagements and the availability of self-study materials are critically important for students’ success in online classes. The findings of this study can shed further light on the ongoing search for the common instructional factors in teaching effectiveness irrespective of the instructional format.
A SAW-Less Tunable RF Front End for FDD and IBFD Combining an Electrical-Balance Duplexer and a Switched-LC N-Path LNA

This paper proposes a surface-acoustic wave (SAW)-less tunable RF front end (RF-FE) using an electrical-balance duplexer (EBD) integrated with a switched-LC N-path low-noise amplifier (LNA). The EBD cancels the transmitter–receiver (TX–RX) leakage at the RX frequency by dynamically optimizing the balance of a hybrid transformer, which enables in-band full-duplex (IBFD) operation. A transconductor-based LNA in parallel with a switched-LC N-path network creates input and output notches to reject TX leakage for frequency-division duplexing (FDD) operation. The LNA’s signal-handling capability is enhanced via optimum switch biasing. Fabricated in 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SOI CMOS, the RF-FE offers >50-dB tunable rejection from the TX port to LNA output at both TX and RX frequencies, for all 3GPP bands from 0.7 to 1 GHz (i.e., FDD case). It is the first tunable RF-FE including an LNA that achieves +70-dBm TX-path IIP<sub>3</sub>, and <−100-dBm IM<sub>3</sub> at +20-dBm TX power when a full-duplex spaced jammer is applied at the antenna (FDD case). It is also the first to handle >+30-dBm in-band TX power while cancelling the self-interference by >50 dB (i.e., IBFD case). The RF-FE consumes 62.5 mW at 1 GHz with 11.7-dB RX cascaded NF, 3.6-dB TX insertion loss, and 9.62 mm<sup>2</sup> active area.
Workshop on theory and practice of provenance event report

Provenance, or metadata about the creation, influences upon, or other history of objects or data, has attracted attention in a wide variety of contexts in computer science over the last few years. This event report describes a recent workshop on "Theory and Practice of Provenance", intended as a forum for presenting novel ideas about provenance and encouraging interaction among provenance researchers.
A Unified Framework for Numerically Inverting Laplace Transforms

We introduce and investigate a framework for constructing algorithms to invert Laplace transforms numerically. Given a Laplace transform \hat{f} of a complex-valued function of a nonnegative real-variable, f, the function f is approximated by a finite linear combination of the transform values; i.e., we use the inversion formula f(t) \approx f_n (t) \equiv \frac{1}{t} \sum_{k = 0}^{n}\omega_{k}\hat{f}\biggl(\frac{\alpha_{k}}{t}\biggr),\quad 0 where the weights ωk and nodes αk are complex numbers, which depend on n, but do not depend on the transform \hat{f} or the time argument t. Many different algorithms can be put into this framework, because it remains to specify the weights and nodes. We examine three one-dimensional inversion routines in this framework: the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm, a version of the Fourier-series method with Euler summation, and a version of the Talbot algorithm, which is based on deforming the contour in the Bromwich inversion integral. We show that these three building blocks can be combined to produce different algorithms for numerically inverting two-dimensional Laplace transforms, again all depending on the single parameter n. We show that it can be advantageous to use different one-dimensional algorithms in the inner and outer loops.
Interseason variability in isokinetic strength and poor correlation with Nordic hamstring eccentric strength in football players

In elite sport, the use of strength testing to establish muscle function and performance is common. Traditionally, isokinetic strength tests have been used, measuring torque during concentric and eccentric muscle action. A device that measures eccentric hamstring muscle strength while performing the Nordic hamstring exercise is now also frequently used. The study aimed to investigate the variability of isokinetic muscle strength over time, for example, between seasons, and the relationship between isokinetic testing and the new Nordic hamstring exercise device. All teams (n = 18) eligible to compete in the premier football league in Qatar underwent a comprehensive strength assessment during their periodic health evaluation at Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital in Qatar. Isokinetic strength was investigated for measurement error, and correlated to Nordic hamstring exercise strength. Of the 529 players included, 288 players had repeated tests with 1/2 seasons between test occasions. Variability (measurement error) between test occasions was substantial, as demonstrated by the measurement error (approximately 25 Nm, 15%), whether separated by 1 or 2 seasons. Considering hamstring injuries, the same pattern was observed among injured (n = 60) and uninjured (n = 228) players. A poor correlation (r = .35) was observed between peak isokinetic hamstring eccentric torque and Nordic hamstring exercise peak force. The strength imbalance between limbs calculated for both test modes was not correlated (r = .037). There is substantial intraindividual variability in all isokinetic test measures, whether separated by 1 or 2 seasons, irrespective of injury. Also, eccentric hamstring strength and limb‐to‐limb imbalance were poorly correlated between the isokinetic and Nordic hamstring exercise tests.
Structural and Functional Small Fiber Abnormalities in the Neuropathic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome

Objective To define the neuropathology, clinical phenotype, autonomic physiology and differentiating features in individuals with neuropathic and non-neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Methods Twenty-four subjects with POTS and 10 healthy control subjects had skin biopsy analysis of intra-epidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD), quantitative sensory testing (QST) and autonomic testing. Subjects completed quality of life, fatigue and disability questionnaires. Subjects were divided into neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS, defined by abnormal IENFD and abnormal small fiber and sudomotor function. Results Nine of 24 subjects had neuropathic POTS and had significantly lower resting and tilted heart rates; reduced parasympathetic function; and lower phase 4 valsalva maneuver overshoot compared with those with non-neuropathic POTS (P<0.05). Neuropathic POTS subjects also had less anxiety and depression and greater overall self-perceived health-related quality of life scores than non-neuropathic POTS subjects. A sub-group of POTS patients (cholinergic POTS) had abnormal proximal sudomotor function and symptoms that suggest gastrointestinal and genitourinary parasympathetic nervous system dysfunction. Conclusions and Relevance POTS subtypes may be distinguished using small fiber and autonomic structural and functional criteria. Patients with non-neuropathic POTS have greater anxiety, greater depression and lower health-related quality of life scores compared to those with neuropathic POTS. These findings suggest different pathophysiological processes underlie the postural tachycardia in neuropathic and non-neuropathic POTS patients. The findings have implications for the therapeutic interventions to treat this disorder.
Bending instability of electrically charged liquid jets of polymer solutions in electrospinning

Nanofibers of polymers were electrospun by creating an electrically charged jet of polymer solution at a pendent droplet. After the jet flowed away from the droplet in a nearly straight line, it bent into a complex path and other changes in shape occurred, during which electrical forces stretched and thinned it by very large ratios. After the solvent evaporated, birefringent nanofibers were left. In this article the reasons for the instability are analyzed and explained using a mathematical model. The rheological complexity of the polymer solution is included, which allows consideration of viscoelastic jets. It is shown that the longitudinal stress caused by the external electric field acting on the charge carried by the jet stabilized the straight jet for some distance. Then a lateral perturbation grew in response to the repulsive forces between adjacent elements of charge carried by the jet. The motion of segments of the jet grew rapidly into an electrically driven bending instability. The three-dimensional paths of continuous jets were calculated, both in the nearly straight region where the instability grew slowly and in the region where the bending dominated the path of the jet. The mathematical model provides a reasonable representation of the experimental data, particularly of the jet paths determined from high speed videographic observations.
Curvature and shape variance based landmark tagging methods for building statistical object models

Model-based segmentation approaches, such as those employing Active Shape Models (ASMs), have proved to be useful for medical image segmentation and understanding. To build the model, however, we need an annotated training set of shapes wherein corresponding landmarks are identified in every shape. Manual positioning of landmarks is a tedious, time consuming, and error prone task, and almost impossible in the 3D space. In an attempt to overcome some of these drawbacks, we have devised several automatic methods under two approaches: c-scale based and shape variance based. The c-scale based methods use the concept of local curvature to find landmarks on the mean shape of the training set. These landmarks are then propagated to all the shapes of the training set to establish correspondence in a local-to-global manner. The variance-based method is guided by the strategy of equalization of the shape variance contained in the training set for selecting landmarks. The main premise here is that this strategy itself takes care of the correspondence issue and at the same time deploys landmarks very frugally and optimally considering shape variations. The desired landmarks are positioned around each contour so as to equally distribute the total variance existing in the training set in a global-to-local manner. The methods are evaluated on 40 MRI foot data sets and compared in terms of compactness. The results show that, for the same number of landmarks, the proposed methods are more compact than manual and equally spaced methods of annotation, and the variance equalization method tops the list.