Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of RAD diagnosis and attachment disorder in community mental health agency clients.

FREQUENCY OF REACTIVE ATTACHMENT DISORDER DIAGNOSIS AND ATTACHMENT DISORDER IN COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH AGENCY CLIENTS Paula S. Morgan May 8,2004 Attachment Disorder (AD) in children has been characterized by particularly alarming behaviors, yet the identification of this disorder for clinicians in community mental health agencies is problematic. The only available diagnosis that addresses attachment problems is the DSM-IV diagnosis of Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), a diagnosis that does not include the more severely disturbed behaviors that have been associated with attachment-disordered children. This dissertation examined the frequency with which CMHA child clients were diagnosed with RAD, as well as the actual occurrence of attachment problems and Attachment Disorder as measured by the Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire (RADQ). The Personality Inventory for Children, Second Edition (PIC-2) was used as another measure to explore behavior problems in this popUlation. Results of this study indicated that less than one percent of 662 CMHA child clients had received a diagnosis of RAD. However, a total of 41 % of participants in the study had attachment problems (23% with AD) as measured by the RADQ. Additional study results indicated that there
Evaluating computer game concepts with children

This paper describes exploratory research on how to evaluate concepts for new computer games with small samples of eight- and nine-year-old children. There were two phases to the research, one to validate the methodology with existing games and one to apply the methodology to new game ideas. The results found that separating game ideas (presented as brief written descriptions that were also read aloud to children) from game art (presented on computer screens) elicited the most valid reactions from the children. Rankings and discussion of rationale were more effective than ratings and open-ended questions. Conclusions are that children can effectively evaluate the appeal and potential of game concepts with appropriate methodology.
Age‐related irreversible progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the paraquat and maneb model of the Parkinson's disease phenotype

While advancing age is the only unequivocally accepted risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson's disease, it has been postulated that exposure to environmental neurotoxicants combined with ageing could increase the risk for developing Parkinson's disease. The current study tested this hypothesis by exposing C57BL/6 mice that were 6 weeks, 5 months or 18 months old to the herbicide paraquat, the fungicide maneb or paraquat + maneb, a combination that produces a Parkinson's disease phenotype in young adult mice. Paraquat + maneb‐induced reductions in locomotor activity and motor coordination were age dependent, with 18‐month‐old mice most affected and exhibiting failure to recover 24 h post‐treatment. Three months post‐treatment, reductions in locomotor activity and deficits in motor coordination were sustained in 5‐month‐old and further reduced in 18‐month‐old paraquat + maneb groups. Progressive reductions in dopamine metabolites and dopamine turnover were greatest in 18‐month‐old paraquat + maneb and paraquat groups 3 months post‐treatment. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity compensated for striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein and/or dopamine loss following treatment in 6‐week‐old and 5‐month‐old, but not 18‐month‐old paraquat and paraquat + maneb mice. Numbers of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were reduced in all age groups following paraquat alone and paraquat + maneb exposure, but these losses, along with decreases in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels, were progressive in 18‐month‐old paraquat and paraquat + maneb groups between 2 weeks and 3 months post‐exposure. Collectively, these data demonstrate enhanced sensitivity of the ageing nigrostriatal dopamine pathway to these pesticides, particularly paraquat + maneb, resulting in irreversible and progressive neurotoxicity.
Neurotensin modulates the amplitude and frequency of voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents in frog pituitary melanotrophs: implication of the inositol triphosphate/protein kinase C pathway

Many excitatory neurotransmitters and neuropeptides regulate the activity of neuronal and endocrine cells by modulating voltage‐operated Ca2+ channels. Paradoxically, however, excitatory neuromediators that provoke mobilization of intracellular calcium from inositol trisphosphate (IP3)‐sensitive stores usually inhibit voltage‐gated Ca2+ currents. We have recently demonstrated that neurotensin (NT) stimulates the electrical and secretory activities of frog pituitary melanotrophs, and increases intracellular calcium concentration in these cells. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of NT on Ca2+ currents in cultured frog melanotrophs by using the perforated patch‐clamp technique. Frog neurotensin (f NT) reduced the amplitude and facilitated the inactivation of both L‐ and N‐type Ca2+ currents. Application of the membrane‐permeant Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM, the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, or the IP3 receptor antagonist 2‐APB suppressed the reduction of Ca2+ currents induced by f NT. Incubation of melanotrophs with the diacylglycerol analogue PMA, which causes desensitization of protein kinase C (PKC), or with the PKC inhibitors chelerythrine and calphostin C, reduced the inhibitory effect of f NT. The NT‐induced action potential waveforms, applied as voltage‐clamp commands, decreased the amplitude of Ca2+ currents, and enhanced Ca2+ influx by increasing the Ca2+ spike frequency. Altogether, these data indicate that the inhibitory effect of f NT on Ca2+ currents results from activation of the IP3/PKC pathway. The observation that NT controls Ca2+ signalling through both amplitude and frequency modulations of Ca2+ currents suggests that NT might induce spacial and temporal changes of intracellular Ca2+ concentration leading to stimulation of exocytosis.
The natural history of chronic renal failure: results from an unselected, population-based, inception cohort in Sweden.

BACKGROUND Mortality rates in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are high both before and after start of renal replacement therapy (RRT). However, few studies of mortality and progression have been performed in an unselected CRF population. METHODS We followed up a population-based inception cohort of 920 men and women aged 18 to 74 years who had CRF (serum creatinine level > 3.4 mg/dL [>300 micromol/L] for men and >2.8 mg/dL [>250 micromol/L] for women) for 55 to 79 months. Relationships between the outcomes (death and start of RRT) and independent variables under study (age, sex, primary renal disease, body mass index [BMI], and glomerular filtration rate [GFR] at entry) were explored by using Cox regression models. RESULTS Seven hundred thirty-nine patients (80%) started RRT during the follow-up period. As expected, GFR at entry was clearly linked to the incidence of RRT (P < 0.0001). Age was related inversely to incidence of RRT (adjusted relative risk for patients > or =65 years relative to patients <45 years, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.90). Men progressed to RRT more often than women (adjusted relative risk, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 1.88). BMI was unrelated to RRT incidence. By the end of follow-up, 389 patients with CRF (42%) had died, 89 of them (10%) before the start of RRT. The most common primary cause of death was cardiovascular disease (37.5%). Characteristics significantly related to a greater mortality rate included older age, diagnoses of diabetic nephropathy and nephrosclerosis, and low BMI. CONCLUSION Preuremic characteristics (age, sex, primary renal diagnosis, BMI, and GFR) are predictive of prognosis in unselected patients with CRF.
Overhauling ns-2 PHY/MAC simulations for IEEE 802.11p/WAVE vehicular networks

The IEEE 802.11p/WAVE family of standards has been designed to provide multi-channel communications for vehicular use. Despite the increasing interest on vehicular networking, further efforts are still required to improve realism of simulations, in order to account for the latest standards and for physical-related phenomena. In this paper, we aim at overhauling the physical and MAC layers of ns-2 to include the last recommendations on frequency allocation, the effects of channel impairments (fading, obstructions, in-channel and adjacent channel interference), an enhanced receiver design, and the WAVE multi-channel related effects.
Relationship between Ovarian Stimulation Regimen and Interleukin level in Pre‐ovulatory Follicular Fluid and Their Effect on ICSI Outcome

Hammadeh ME, Ertan AK, Georg MT, Rosenbaum P, Schmidt W. Relationship between ovarian stimulation regimen and interleukin level in pre‐ovulatory follicular fluid and their effect on ICSI outcome. AJRI 2002; 48:255–261 © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2002
Covariation of Conflict Management Patterns across Macaque Species

Researchers have found an astonishing diversity in conflict management patterns among nonhuman primates. By using the comparative method to study different social organizations, we may understand the processes underlying conflict management and, subsequently, the evolutionary determinants of social organizations. Typically, researchers resort to using ecological factors to explain patterns of competition and dominance (van Schaik 1989). Complex organizations, however, are systems of interrelated patterns. We should ask to what extent connections between patterns might act as constraints at the evolutionary level (Thierry 1997). In other words, are the social organizations that animals produce to cope with environmental constraints limitless in their form, or are social organizations limited to finite sets of forms by structural constraints that define the possibilities open to them? In the latter case, social traits would evolve as sets of covariant traits, and we should find them together in “packages. ” That traits of organisms covary through evolution is an empirical finding. A number of morphological and life history traits are linked by allometric relations, but whether social traits can be similarly correlated in nonhuman primates is more problematic (Harvey et al. 1987; Martins 1996). Although social groups are interconnected wholes that may display some autonomy, they have no central unit directing behavior or homeostasis. Producers of social organizations are individuals, and these individuals are autonomous reproductive agents who follow their own strategies. It may be held that organizational features are constrained only by conditions of external requirements. On the other hand, it is also possible that C H A P T E R 6
Sport Management Undergraduate Sport Management Department Fall 2013 Women and Weight Training

There are many motivational factors or barriers that effect women to weight train at a recreational standard. In this research, weight training is any use of resistance machines, bands or the lifting of weights. Through this research, the question of how do women who weight train differ from those who do not in a physical, mental and social aspect is answered. Furthermore, this research identifies what the specifics are refraining women from weight training and how to make these barriers motivate women to weight train based off of all the positive benefits it has for women. The theory that helped framework this administered research was the social role theory which specified the role of society on masculinity and femininity. There are prevalent themes that were raised with this research and they include the impact of gender roles, masculinity, barriers and motivations through the practice of weight training. These resulted in the findings of the conducted research proving how there are still inequalities present regarding women in society who weight train. Results also show how the lack of education of weight training has been the major barrier of women participating in weight training. The common barriers that arise from this theory helped to set up the motivation of goals by women to overcome such a barrier. Also, the findings in this research suggest that there are more barriers than motivations and how women need to develop goals to help motivate them to weight train. The methods conducted took a post-positivism research framework where there was a mix of qualitative and quantitative data. This mix of data is gathered to understand the why and how women weight train based on the female participants. There was a conducted survey that was given to every other woman in the lobbies of Planet Fitness in Victor, NY and Penfield Fitness in Penfield, NY. This research could potentially help the gym understand their female clientele and there was an offered incentive if the woman agreed to take the survey and participate in the research. This research is in the midst of implicating women to see the health impact that weight training can have for an overall physical, mental and social aspects of life. Also, to bring awareness of the inequalities that are still present in today’s male dominated activates and sports. Document Type Undergraduate Project Professor's Name Katharine Burakowski Subject Categories Sports Management This undergraduate project is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/sport_undergrad/71 Women and Weight Training
Effect of oxygen on liquid holding recovery of Bacteroides fragilis

Liquid holding recovery (LHR) in ultraviolet-irradiated Bacteroides fragilis cells occurred under aerobic conditions but was inhibited by anaerobic conditions. The increase in survival after aerobic LHR resulted in an increase in the shoulder regions of the ultraviolet survival curves. Maximum LHR was obtained after holding the cells for 2 to 3 h. LHR was temperature dependent, and in stationary-phase cells LHR was independent of nutrients. Higher levels of LHR occurred in exponential-phase cells than in stationary-phase cells, and LHR was affected by nutrients in exponential-phase cells. Sublethal concentrations of caffeine and acriflavine inhibited LHR. In addition to LHR, minimal medium recovery also occurred in the concentration of [3H]thymine-containing dimers in the acid-insoluble fraction of the cells. A corresponding increase in [3H]thymine-containing dimers was observed in the acid-soluble fraction after LHR. Although a small proportion of irradiated cells produced filaments, this phenomenon was not directly related to LHR in B. fragilis.
Plasma concentration of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is ranked as one of the endothelial dysfunction markers and factors predicting diseases of the cardiovascular system. The main objective of this study was to assess the serum concentration of sICAM-1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to verify correlations between serum sICAM-1 levels and selected anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal indices. The study assessed 57 women with PCOS (mean age 28.2 ± 6.4 years). That group was further divided into two subgroups: the first with body mass index (BMI) ⩽ 25 kg/m2 (21 women of mean age 27.4 ± 7.0 years) and the second with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (36 women of mean age 28.6 ± 6.0 years). In the control group there were 22 healthy women (mean age of 31.6 ± 8.5 years). That group again was divided accordingly to BMI into two subgroups: the first with BMI ⩽ 25 kg/m2 (ten women, mean age 30.2 ± 8.4 years) and the second with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (12 women, mean age 31.7 ± 8.7 years). The results demonstrated statistically significantly higher mean concentrations of sICAM-1 in women with PCOS as compared to healthy individuals from the whole control group and also from the control subgroup of women with BMI > 25 kg/m2. There was no statistically significant difference in sICAM-1 concentration between the PCOS group and the control subgroup with BMI ⩽ 25 kg/m2. In conclusion, higher concentrations of sICAM-1 in women with PCOS may confirm the presence of a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases in this group. Further studies are therefore necessary to identify both the factors that are responsible for the increase in sICAM-1 concentration and the clinical usefulness of routine sICAM-1 measurement in females with PCOS.
Physical state of the extracellular matrix regulates the structure and molecular composition of cell-matrix adhesions.

This study establishes that the physical state of the extracellular matrix can regulate integrin-mediated cytoskeletal assembly and tyrosine phosphorylation to generate two distinct types of cell-matrix adhesions. In primary fibroblasts, alpha(5)beta(1) integrin associates mainly with fibronectin fibrils and forms adhesions structurally distinct from focal contacts, independent of actomyosin-mediated cell contractility. These "fibrillar adhesions" are enriched in tensin, but contain low levels of the typical focal contact components paxillin, vinculin, and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. However, when the fibronectin is covalently linked to the substrate, alpha(5)beta(1) integrin forms highly tyrosine-phosphorylated, "classical" focal contacts containing high levels of paxillin and vinculin. These experiments indicate that the physical state of the matrix, not just its molecular composition, is a critical factor in defining cytoskeletal organization and phosphorylation at adhesion sites. We propose that molecular organization of adhesion sites is controlled by at least two mechanisms: 1) specific integrins associate with their ligands in transmembrane complexes with appropriate cytoplasmic anchor proteins (e.g., fibronectin-alpha(5)beta(1) integrin-tensin complexes), and 2) physical properties (e.g., rigidity) of the extracellular matrix regulate local tension at adhesion sites and activate local tyrosine phosphorylation, recruiting a variety of plaque molecules to these sites. These mechanisms generate structurally and functionally distinct types of matrix adhesions in fibroblasts.
When Sounds Become Actions: Higher-order Representation of Newly Learned Action Sounds in the Human Motor System

In the absence of visual information, our brain is able to recognize the actions of others by representing their sounds as a motor event. Previous studies have provided evidence for a somatotopic activation of the listener's motor cortex during perception of the sound of highly familiar motor acts. The present experiments studied (a) how the motor system is activated by action-related sounds that are newly acquired and (b) whether these sounds are represented with reference to extrinsic features related to action goals rather than with respect to lower-level intrinsic parameters related to the specific movements. TMS was used to measure the correspondence between auditory and motor codes in the listener's motor system. We compared the corticomotor excitability in response to the presentation of auditory stimuli void of previous motor meaning before and after a short training period in which these stimuli were associated with voluntary actions. Novel cross-modal representations became manifest very rapidly. By disentangling the representation of the muscle from that of the action's goal, we further showed that passive listening to newly learnt action-related sounds activated a precise motor representation that depended on the variable contexts to which the individual was exposed during testing. Our results suggest that the human brain embodies a higher-order audio-visuo-motor representation of perceived actions, which is muscle-independent and corresponds to the goals of the action.
A recursive predictive risk estimate for proximal algorithms

For accurate signal reconstruction, proximal gradient methods generally require proper selection of regularization parameter. In this paper, we develop two data-driven optimization schemes, based on minimization of unbiased predictive risk estimate (UPRE). First, we propose a recursive UPRE to estimate the prediction error during the proximal iterations, which can be used to optimize the regularization parameter. Second, for fast optimization, we parametrize each proximal iterate as a linear combination of few elementary functions (LET), and solve the linear weights by minimizing recursive UPRE. We further exemplify the proposed approaches with the basic iterative shrinkage/thresholding (IST) algorithms for ℓ1-minimization. Numerical experiments show that iterating this process leads to higher reconstruction accuracy with remarkably faster computational speed than standard IST.
Health education to diabetic patients before the start of Ramadan: Experience from a teaching hospital in Dammam

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Studies have shown that pre-Ramadan structured educational program for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is beneficial. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the degree of adherence of treating physicians to such programs and their influence on the patient's knowledge and behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on adult patients with DM attending a university hospital, who were observed while fasting during Ramadan 1436/2015. Data was collected using a questionnaire-based interview. Baseline characteristics were obtained, and patients were asked whether they had had pre-Ramadan education or not and who the provider was. Patients' knowledge of the components of the recommended structured pre-Ramadan educational program was also tested. Comparison between patients who had the education and those who did not was done using Chi-square test and independent samples Student's t-test; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 298 patients with type 1 or type 2 DM were included in the study; 75.5% of the patients were aged 40 years or older. Only 30% had pre-Ramadan education delivered mainly by diabetic educators or the treating physicians (52% and 44%, respectively). Patients who had the education were younger (mean age: 45.6 ± 17.4 vs. 50.3 ± 14.4, respectively, p = 0.0048), had higher educational qualifications, were more likely to be employed, and self-monitored their blood glucose more frequently (p = 0.0001). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to their knowledge of diet and exercise. CONCLUSION: The adherence to the pre-Ramadan educational program by the treating physician was low. It is necessary to increase the awareness about the importance of these programs among health-care professionals. The programs should target the less educated, the unemployed, and older patients.