Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MEANING OF THE MODALS IN PRESENT-DAY AMERICAN ENGLISH

The subject of this paper is the closed class of English auxiliary verbs defined by the following four traditional criteria. Modal auxiliaries occupy only the first position in a verb phrase; they may not be immediately preceded by another verb; they invert with the subject of the sentence in interrogation; and they may be negated directly by not or -n't. The forms meeting these requirements are can, could, may, might, mil, would, shall, should, must, ought to, and marginally dare and need. For all the modals, I am concerned with meaning, classification of meaning, and aspects of context having a distinguishable effect on meaning. For each modal I have tried to discover the most general meaning or meanings that will apply to all its occurrences. This has been termed the BASIC MEANING, and it may be described as the semantic lowest common denominator. Practically all the modals also have what I am calling OVERTONES. These are subsidiary meanings which are derived from the basic meaning but which add something of their own. No overtone is present in all the occurrences of a modal, since in that case it would be a basic meaning, and all overtones are probably conditioned by unidentifiable elements of context. The term USE is employed to indicate meanings and functions which are all conditioned by specific and isolable sentence elements.
Dry friction modeling in dynamic identification for robot manipulators: Theory and experiments

Nowadays, many robotic applications require an accurate model to perform tasks where dynamics is significant. The friction model discussed in this paper aims at improving the existing rigid robot model. The losses in joint transmission originate in friction between moving parts in contact or between moving parts and the ambient fluid. Commonly, robotic identification models represent joint transmission friction force as a viscous friction force, depending on the velocity, added to a constant dry friction force. However, the tribology science field teaches that friction in general depends on load (reaction force normal to the contact surface). It is important to consider this dependence when variable loads are applied on the joint transmission (external payloads, inertial load and gravity forces). Since these mechanisms are lubricated, it is appropriate to refer to the Stribeck curve (rather than Coulomb). This curve describes the friction coefficient as being dependent on a parameter (Hershey) combining the velocity and the load. This paper proposes a new expression of the load-velocity friction model, in order to identify a serial n degrees of freedom (DOF) robot. The friction force of this new inverse dynamic identification model is a linear function of both inertial and external forces. An experimental validation on an industrial manipulator used as a force feedback telerobot in nuclear plant concludes this paper.
Déficits visuo-spatiaux associés à la Maladie de Parkinson

La pre sente e tude vise a pre ciser la nature des de ficits visuo-spatiaux observe s dans la Maladie de Parkinson (MP) afin de mieux comprendre la pathophysiologie associe e a cette maladie. Jusqu'a pre sent, l'investigation des troubles spatiaux chez ce groupe de patients a donne lieu a des re sultats controverse s, et ce possiblement en raison de l'intrusion de biais due a la pre sence de composantes motrices ou a l'implication d'habilete s relevant de l'inte grite des lobes frontaux dans les ta ches expe rimentales. Dans le but de de partager l'influence de ces variables, et de de finir davantage le(s) type(s) de demande(s) des processus cognitifs aptes a produire un de ficit chez cette population clinique, 15 patients atteints de MP idiopathique, sans de mence associe e, et 15 sujets te moins sont e value s a l'aide de trois ta ches visuospatiales. Deux de ces e preuves font appels a des habilete s visuo-spatiales de base et ne ne cessitent pas de contribution motrice, soient la discrimination d'orie.
Using Source Code and Process Metrics for Defect Prediction - A Case Study of Three Algorithms and Dimensionality Reduction

Software defect prediction is very important in helping the software development team allocate test resource efficiently and better understand the root cause of defects. Furthermore, it can help find the reason why a project is failure-prone. This paper applies binary classification in predicting if a software component has a bug by using three widely used algorithms in machine learning: Random Forest (RF), Neural Networks (NN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The paper investigates the applications of these algorithms to the challenging issue of predicting defects in software components. Thus, this paper combines source code metrics and process metrics as indicators for the Eclipse environment using the aforementioned three algorithms for a sample of weekly Eclipse features. In addition, this paper deals with the complex issue of data dimension and our results confirm the predictive capabilities of using data dimension reduction techniques such as Variable Importance (VI) and PCA. In our case the results of using only two features (NBD_max and Pre-defects) are comparable to the results of using 61 features. Furthermore, we evaluates the performance of the three algorithms vis-à-vis the data and both Neural Network and Random Forest turned out to have the best fit.
The Possibilities of Filtering Pairs of SNPs in GWAS Studies - Exploratory Study on Public Protein-interaction and Pathway Data

Genome-wide association studies have become a standard way of discovering novel causative alleles by looking for statisticaly significant associations in patient genotyping data. The present challenge for these methods is to discover associations involving multiple interacting loci, a common phenomenon in diseases often related to epistasis. The main problem is the exponential increase in necessary computational power for every additional interacting locus considered in association tests. Several approaches have been proposed to manage this problem, including limiting analysis to interacting pairs and filtering SNPs according to external biological knowledge. Here we explore the possibilities of using public protein interaction data and pathway maps to filter out only pairs of SNPs that are likely to interact, perhaps because of epistatic mechanisms working at the protein level. After filtering all possible pairs of SNPs by their presence in common protein-protein interactions or proteins sharing a metabolic or signalling pathway, we calculate the possible reduction in computational requirements under different scenarios. We discuss these exploratory results in the context of the so-called "lost heredity" and the usefulness of this approach for similar scenarios.
Visual Analysis of Time‐Series Similarities for Anomaly Detection in Sensor Networks

We present a system to analyze time‐series data in sensor networks. Our approach supports exploratory tasks for the comparison of univariate, geo‐referenced sensor data, in particular for anomaly detection. We split the recordings into fixed‐length patterns and show them in order to compare them over time and space using two linked views. Apart from geo‐based comparison across sensors we also support different temporal patterns to discover seasonal effects, anomalies and periodicities.
Boundaries of perception of long tones in taiwanese speech

In this work we set out to investigate the fundamental frequency boundaries of perception of the Taiwanese long tones. We are interested in how the variations in fundamental frequency affect the perception of linguistic tones in Taiwanese speech. Our investigation is adopted from similar studies of tones in Mandarin speech. As opposed to Mandarin tones that can be perceived with little difficulty the seven Taiwanese tones have a more subtle structure and are consequently harder to perceive successfully. The experimental results in this paper allow us to quantify these perceptual boundaries. The experiments consisted of a perception test involving over 150 Taiwanese subjects where the task involved identifying the tone of the words played back in a random sequence. The stimuli consisted of a set of tone pairs and a selection of intermediate tone words obtained by linearly interpolating between the words of the tone pairs.
DISSOCIATION OF THE HOMOLOGOUS MUSCLE FUNCTION IN STUTTERING

With the exception of certain viscera, such as the heart and the liver, all corresponding structures in the body are repeated and reversed symmetrically, i. e. , they express the condition of antitropy. Although any two homologous structures, such as the feet, the hands and the cerebral hemispheres, are of comparable constitution, they differ structurally in that one is the mirrored counterpart of the other. Orton 1 has held that this antitropic condition exists for function as well as for structure. For example, innervation of certain muscles of the left hand results in an activity which is exactly opposite, in respect to the midline, to that which results from the innervation of corresponding muscles of the right hand. This principle is recognized in the assumption that mirror writing with the left hand is the normal sinistral expression. In the coarser movements of the primary muscles, e. g. , those of the extremities,
A Navigational Aid System for Visually Impaired Using Microsoft Kinect

—Numerous attempts have been made to devise systems that make the work of a visually impaired person easier. These researches have focused on a number of issues such as path finding, obstruction detection, face recognition, sign recognition, to name a few. The aim of this paper is to outline a system, based on Microsoft Kinect that will provide some of these features in a unified manner. The system is based on a number of open source tools such as: OpenCV, OpenKinect, Tesseract and Espeak. Features that have been incorporated building this aiding tool are object detection and recognition, face detection and recognition, object location determination, optical character recognition and audio feedback. One of the key components of this research is to ensure considerable amount of accuracy and at the same time be extremely efficient in terms of hardware resource required. Since the system is an aggregation of multiple components, their accuracies are measured independently from online and offline point of view (where applicable). The best component (face recognition) showed an accuracy of 90%. The weakest component (text recognition) yielded an accuracy of 65%. The proposed system is able to detect and recognize face/text/chair in a frame within 2.25 seconds.
Mathematical Analysis of Wavelength-Based QoS Management in Optical Burst Switched Networks

With increase in time-critical applications over the Internet, the need for differentiating services has become a major endeavor in research communities. One promising paradigm proposed to support such traffic diversity in the next-generation Internet is Optical Burst Switching (OBS). In the literature, two simple but efficient approaches namely, threshold and wavelength-based techniques have been investigated under the resource allocation-based QoS management scheme as solutions to overcome the bandwidth requirement in the backbone. However, to the best of our knowledge, the wavelength-based technique has not been analytically studied for any arbitrary number of service classes. In this paper, we generalize the wavelength-based technique to support any number of classes. Firstly, we present a novel mathematical model for the wavelength-based technique for real-time and non-real-time service classes. The proposed model is then extended to support any arbitrary number of classes. Simulations conducted at the switch level validate the model.
Personality and Academic Attainment of Primary School Children

This study examined the relationships between extraversion, mental ability, and academic attainment of 60 primary school children drawn from a modern primary school and 60 from a traditional primary school. The subjects completed the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices. A significant correlation of . 38 to . 52 between extraversion and academic attainment of the children in the modern school and significant negative correlations of —. 39 to —. 51 for those in the traditional one were found. A significant positive correlation of . 49 to . 65 between academic attainment and mental ability was also found for the children in the modern school and a positive correlation of . 19 to . 38 for those in the traditional one.
Rizatriptan in migraine

The prevalence of migraine is high, affecting a significant proportion of the adult population during their most productive years of life and promoting impairment of their normal daily activities. Although guidelines for the acute treatment of migraine are available, outcome parameters are sometimes still below the expectations of both patients and physicians. Triptans represented an advance in clinical practice and have become the most well-studied class of medication for migraine. These agents present class I evidence for efficacy. However, they differ with regard to several of their clinical parameters, including onset of relief and consistency of response. Rizatriptan is a selective agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptophan1B/1D receptors, with proven superiority over placebo, ergotamine and selected oral triptans, demonstrating a good profile of safety and tolerability.
Fast dynamic power estimation considering glitch filtering

In this paper, we discuss probabilistic simulation techniques used to estimate dynamic power and especially glitch power. Major attention is paid to the problem of modeling inertial delay for using these techniques to estimate switching density at gate level. The inertial delay has a great impact on the glitch power due to filtering effects and is almost impossible to be modeled completely. We propose an approximation algorithm to achieve better accuracy compared to existing approaches. Examples show up to 60% improvement using our solution.
ERP, changement organisationnel et contrôle de gestion

Les premiers ERP etaient introduits dans les entreprises il y a une dizaine d'annees. Le present article fait d'abord le point sur le processus d'integration des systemes d'information dans les entreprises. Il tente ensuite de mesurer l'impact des nouvelles technologies de l'information sur les organisations et sur la nature et les modalites du controle mis en oeuvre. Le role decisif des centres de competences dans le changement organisationnel est mis en evidence. Il est aussi suggere que l'influence des ERP fait evoluer le controle de gestion plutot dans ses aspects pratico-fonctionnels que dans sa dimension conceptuelle.
Madness: A Brief History

As thousands of medical students past and present will testify, Roy Porter was an exceptional teacher and medical historian. His untimely death at 55 continues to haunt those of us lucky enough to have enjoyed meeting him. Fortunately, he was also a prolific writer who wrote or edited more than 100 books. His last book was a history of madness from prehistory to today. Madness: A Brief History opens with …
Clustering Techniques for Minimizing External Path Length

There are a variety of main-memory access structures, such as segment trees, and quad trees, whose properties, such as good worstcase behaviour, make them attractive for database applicdions. Unfortunately, the structures are typically ‘long and skinny’, whereas disk data structuies must be ‘shortand-fat (that is, have a high fanout and low height) in order to minimize I/O. We consider how to cluster the nodes (that is, map the nodes to disk pages) of mainmemory access structures such that although a path may traverse many nodes, it only traverses a few disk pages. The number of disk pages traversed in a path is called the external path length. We address several versions of the clustering problem. We present a clustering algorithm for tree structures that generates optimal worst-case external path length mappings; we also show how to make it dynamic, to support updates. We extend the algorithm to generate mappings that minimize the average weighted external path lengths. We also show that some other clustering problems, such as finding optimal external path lengths for DAG structures and minimizing Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material ia granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed foT direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying ia by permission of the Very Lal-ge Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwige, OT to Tepubliah, requirea a fee and/oT apecial permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the 22nd VLDB Conference Mumbai(Bombay), India, 1996 weights for optimal height mappings, are NPcomplete. We present heuristics for these problems. We present a performance stuay (using quadtrees on actual image data as an example) which shows that our algorithms perform well. Our algorithms can also be applied for clustering complex objects in object-oriented databases.
Efficacy of an insomnia intervention on fatigue, mood and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.

AIM This paper is a report of a study to describe the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on fatigue, mood and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. BACKGROUND Women who receive primary treatment for breast cancer often complain of insomnia. Rarely evaluated in insomnia intervention studies is the effect of cognitive behavioural treatment on the psychosocial outcomes of fatigue, mood and quality of life. METHOD Data were collected between December 2002 and March 2004 with 72 women who were at least 3 months post-completion of primary treatment without current evidence of disease. Women were randomly assigned to either the cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia group, which received stimulus control instructions, sleep restriction therapy and sleep education and hygiene, or the component control group which received sleep education and hygiene only. The 10-week study consisted of 2 weeks of pre-treatment, 6 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks of post-treatment. Fatigue, mood and quality of life were measured at pre- and post-treatment. FINDINGS Women receiving cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia had significant improvements in fatigue, trait anxiety, depression and quality of life. The component control group also had statistically significant increases in quality of life, with a trend suggestive of lower depression at post-treatment. CONCLUSION Globally, as the number of survivors in this population continues to grow, it is imperative that nurses continue testing interventions that may positively affect quality of life and the commonly experienced symptoms of fatigue, anxiety and depression.
Predictors of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients Receiving Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis

Background and Purpose— Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a major complication of intra-arterial (IA) thrombolytic therapy. Identifying significant predictors of hemorrhage after thrombolysis would be useful in guiding patient selection for IA treatment. Methods— Data were collected retrospectively on consecutive patients with acute focal cerebral ischemia within the anterior or posterior circulation who were treated with combined intravenous (IV)-IA or pure IA thrombolysis over an 8-year period at the UCLA Medical Center. Results— Eighty-nine patients were treated. Median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 16, and mean age was 69 years. Twenty-six patients received IA tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) only, 22 received IV-IA tPA, and 41 received IA urokinase only. Asymptomatic HT occurred in 29 patients (33%), minor symptomatic HT (1- to 3-point worsening in NIHSS score) occurred in 10 patients (11%), and major symptomatic HT (≥4-point worsening in NIHSS score) occurred in 6 patients (7%). The rate of any HT was similar in patients treated with pure IA thrombolysis (39%) versus combined IV-IA thrombolysis (41%). In pure IA cases, the rate of any HT was 50% with tPA versus 32% with urokinase (P =0.2). Eighty-six percent of the patients with HT versus 39% of the patients without HT were dead or disabled (modified Rankin score >2) at day 7 (P <0.0001). On multivariate analysis, independent predictors of any HT were higher NIHSS score, longer time to recanalization, lower platelet count, and higher glucose level. A model using these variables correctly predicted HT with positive predictive value 70% and overall accuracy 78%. Conclusions— In this large series of IA thrombolysis, rates of HT were similar to those demonstrated in prior series and clinical trials. Higher NIHSS score, longer time to recanalization, lower platelet count, and higher glucose level were independent predictors of any HT.
From enabling technology to applications: The evolution of risk perceptions about nanotechnology

Public opinion research on nanotechnology has primarily focused on judgments of abstract risks and benefits, rather than attitudes toward specific applications. This approach will be less useful as nanotechnology morphs from a scientific breakthrough into an enabling technology whose impacts on people’s lives come in the form of concrete applications in specific areas. This study examines the mental connections or associations US citizens have with nanotechnology (e.g. the extent to which people associate nanotechnology with the medical field, the military, consumer products, etc.), and how these associations moderate the influences of risk and benefit perceptions on attitudes toward nanotechnology. Our results suggest that the assumption that risk perceptions shape overall attitudes toward emerging technologies is simplistic. Rather, individuals who associate nanotech with particular areas of application, such as the medical field, take risk perceptions much more into account when forming attitudes than respondents who do not make these mental connections.
Sorption of As(III) and As(V) on chemically synthesized manganese dioxide

Sorption of As(III) and As(V) on manganese dioxide was studied by batch equilibration method using 76As radioactive tracer. Manganese dioxide was prepared by two different methods viz. reacting (a) KMnO4 solution with MnSO4 solution, and (b) KMnO4 solution with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Manganese dioxide was characterized by zeta potential measurement, surface area measurement, thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Point of zero charge (PZC) for manganese dioxide was between pH 3 and 4. Radioactive tracer (76As) was prepared by neutron irradiation of arsenious oxide in self serve facility of CIRUS reactor followed by conversion to As(III) and As(V), by appropriate chemical methods. Sorption of As(III) and As(V) were studied separately, between pH 1 to 11, using (i) freshly prepared, (ii) air-dried and (iii) aged manganese dioxide. Sorption of As(III) and As(V) on freshly prepared as well as aged manganese dioxide, from both the methods was greater than 98% between pH 1 to 9 and decreased above pH 9. Percentage sorption was comparable for manganese dioxide prepared by both the methods in different batches. Sorption capacity was ∼2 mg g−1 for both As(III) and As(V). Arsenic was desorbed from the manganese dioxide by 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and oxidation state of desorbed arsenic was determined by solvent extraction method. It was found that the desorbed arsenic was present in As(V) oxidation state, independent of the initial oxidation states. This simple and direct chemical evidence, establishing that As(III) is converted to As(V) by manganese dioxide, is reported for the first time. Sorption of As(III) and As(V) on manganese dioxide did not cause an increase in manganese concentration above solubility limit confirming that Mn2+, formed during oxidation of As(III) to As(V), was re-adsorbed.