Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Most Relevant Value Creation Indicator Under Competitive Dynamics of the Firm

This paper shows the most relevant value creation indicator in a competitive economic equilibrium framework. We analyze the relationship between the cost of capital and the competitive dynamics of the firm. Several related propositions on the most relevant value creation indicator under a dynamic competitive setting are developed to establish the theoretical framework of the research hypotheses. A sample of 80 U.S. firms in convergence to equilibrium and cross section data are used in the empirical analysis. Firstly, we compare the costs of capital estimated from the CAPM with those from the Discounted Residual Income Model (DRIM). Using the competitive advantage period “T” as the forecast period in the DRIM, we have considered it as an ex ante model that takes into account the competitive dynamics of the firm. Secondly, we tested the explanatory power of the marginal return to cost of capital ratio from the DRIM compared to that of the CAPM. Finally, we tested the explanatory power of the marginal return to cost of capital ratio compared to the marginal performance spread (the difference between the marginal return on capital and the cost of capital). The results of difference tests, Cox tests, and J tests of Davidson and MacKinnon (1981) show that the marginal return to cost of capital ratio from the DRIM is the most valuable indicator of value creation.
Transcranial Doppler and anesthetics

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is widely used to investigate the effects of anesthetic drugs on cerebral blood flow. Its repeatability and non‐invasivity makes it an ideal, first choice method. Anesthesia providers are required to be conscious of the cerebral hemodynamic effects of drugs given in their practice, especially in neurosurgery and in subjects with impaired brain functions. The purpose of this review is to present the basic concepts of the TCD technique and the effects on cerebral hemodynamics of the most popular anesthetic drugs evaluated using TCD ultrasonography.
Memory Access Control in Multiprocessor for Real-Time Systems with Mixed Criticality

Shared resource access interference, particularly memory and system bus, is a big challenge in designing predictable real-time systems because its worst case behavior can significantly differ. In this paper, we propose a software based memory throttling mechanism to explicitly control the memory interference. We developed analytic solutions to compute proper throttling parameters that satisfy schedulability of critical tasks while minimize performance impact caused by throttling. We implemented the mechanism in Linux kernel and evaluated isolation guarantee and overall performance impact using a set of synthetic and real applications.
Chronic Effects of Mild Neurotrauma: Putting the Cart Before the Horse?

Abstract Accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) is accepted by many as a long-term consequence of repetitive mild neurotrauma based largely on brain findings in boxers (dementia pugilistica) and, more recently, former professional athletes, military service members, and others exposed to repetitive head trauma. The pathogenic construct is also largely accepted and suggests that repetitive head trauma (typically concussions or subconcussive forces) acts on brain parenchyma to produce a deleterious neuroinflammatory cascade, encompassing p-tau templating, transsynaptic neurotoxicity, progressive neurodegenerative disease, and associated clinical features. Some caution before accepting these concepts and assumptions is warranted, however. The association between the history of concussion and findings of p-tau at autopsy is unclear. Concussions and subconcussive head trauma exposure are poorly defined in available cases, and the clinical features reported in chronic traumatic encephalopathy are not at present distinguishable from other disorders. Because control groups are limited, the idea that p-tau drives the disease process via protein templating or some other mechanism is preliminary. Much additional research in chronic traumatic encephalopathy is needed to determine if it has unique neuropathology and clinical features, the extent to which the neuropathologic alterations cause the clinical features, and whether it can be identified accurately in a living person.
Processing of Orthographic Structure by Adults of Different Reading Ability

The research presented here examines the proposal that orthographic processing in reading polysyllabic words takes place via an analysis of the word into an orthographic/morphological structure called the Basic Orthographic Syllabic Structure or BOSS. This structure includes the largest possible coda in the first component (e.g., the THUND of THUNDER) and, as such, it cuts across the phonological syllable boundary (e.g., THUN + DER). The existence of the BOSS has been previously supported by showing that words physically divided at their BOSS (e.g., THUNDER) are faster to recognize than those divided at their syllable (e.g., THUNDER). However, there has been little, if any, report of confirmatory evidence for this conclusion. Three experiments are reported here demonstrating that whether the BOSS division is faster than the syllable division depends crucially on the reading ability of the participants. Better adult reading, independently measured in terms of comprehension, is associated with a preference for the BOSS division while poorer adult reading is more associated with a syllable preference. Such a result potentially explains the conflicting findings that have been previously reported. A number of different explanations are offered for the pattern of results, with the suggestion that poorer adult reading is more oriented toward the pronunciation of the word than is better reading.
An idiosyncratic systems approach to interactive graphics

This paper applauds and emphasizes the Workshop's title, "User-Oriented Design of Interactive Graphics Systems," but bemoans and condemns its subtitle, "Application-Specific User Behavior and Cognition. " The pros and the cons are an incomplete but cogent case for consideration of an idiosyncratic systems approach to interactive graphics systems.An idiosyncratic system is a personalized system. Personalization means both recognition of and response to the complete range of <u>an individual's</u> characteristics, from physical traits, to work habits, to cognitive styles. Enough evidence exists in the literature of experimental psychology to substantiate the fact that user behavior is not application-specific, but driven by personality and experience. The resulting criteria for a user-oriented interactive graphics system include existential hardware, adaptive representations, inferential input, and graphical conversation.
Resource base as a determinant of cropping patterns. Economics Department Occasional Paper no.14

This report describes how a region's natural resources, the level of technology, relative commodity prices, and market infrastructure determine the cropping pattern of an area. Farm level resources are separated into two categories: (1)those for which utilization ismore or less rigidly determined by ownership and (2)those where accessibility to and utilization of the resource isnot determined by ownership. The first category includes resources such as land, while the second includes such things as labor, bullocks, and farm equipment. The topics discussed include the impact of: major resource investments, canal irrigation, tractorization, and cross sectional analysis of resource differences. Within the resource base, the land types, irrigation, and rainfall play the most important roles. These basic resources, together with the availability of crop varieties, markets and the relative prices of commodities determine the comparative advantage of different crops and crop mixes on the various soil types and also the rate of return to investment inimprovement of the resource base. Massive resource transformations which alleviate major constraints such as those indicated by canal irrigation and tractorization overshadow the impact of other resource differences and can lead to shifts incropping patterns inparticular directions for farms indifferent categories. Such resource improvements orient the cropping patterns towards high value crops and tend to reduce the importance of mixed crops. Introduction of new varieties tends to change patterns of comparative advantage of different crops and may lead to shifts incropping patterns as well as investment incentives for other capital items.
Continuous spectrum for SL 2 ( Z ) \ H

We recall the notion of cuspform for Γ = SL2(Z) acting on the upper half-plane, and prove that the orthogonal complement in L(Γ\H) to cuspforms is spanned by pseudo-Eisenstein series, which in turn are expressible as wave packets of Eisenstein series Es. Further we have a Plancherel theorem for this space. The non-trivial harmonic analysis resides in the application of the Fourier transform on the real line, in coordinates in which it is called a Mellin transform. That is, this part of the harmonic analysis of SL2(Z)\H reduces to harmonic analysis on a related, lower-dimensional group.
Income Risk Aversion with Quantity Constraints

In this paper, I consider a consumer with a concave utility function over n commodities and trace out the consequences of quantity constraints on product markets for the consumer’s aversion towards income risk. I show that the effect can be decomposed in a cardinal and ordinal term, that both terms may add up to a non-linear effct on the coefficient of relative risk aversion, and that a severely rationed consumer may even become less risk averse then when unconstrained.
Web content adaptation classification and summarization in mobile devices

With the rapid growth of the small screen audience, the need for less cumbersome methods of browsing information on the Internet is growing too. Small screen devices provide portability in accessing huge information space on the Internet. It is unattainable to load and visualize large documents on hand held devices. Our objective is ultimately to provide mobile Internet users with a useful tool for web access. The paper proposes a model for adaptation of Web content and summarization and classification of text documents in specified categories. This paper describes the text classification and summarization based on user behavior and preferences. Experiments have been carried out on text database of 500 files and results are found to be quite satisfactory.
Leadership Changes and Structural Reform After the 18th Party Congress in China

During the 18th Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party in November 2012, and the 12th National People's Congress in March 2013, the Chinese leadership in Party organs and the state apparatus underwent a significant reshuffle. During this leadership change, virtually all leaders of the central organs were reappointed. While the actual structural and political reforms the new leadership is willing—and able—to make remain to be seen, an initial review of the top leadership in Party and state organs, including the ministries and provincial governments, reveals a relatively conservative team leading China in the coming five years. This article attempts to give a comprehensive review of the leadership changes, along with an initial analysis of the announced structural changes and the implications these changes could have for China's political recalibration and development.
Dependence Modelling and Risk Analysis in a Joint Credit-Equity Framework

This thesis is set in the intersection between separate types of financial markets, with emphasis on joint risk modelling. Relying on empirical findings pointing toward the ex- istence of dependence across equity and corporate debt markets, a simulation framework intended to capture this property is developed. A few different types of models form building blocks of the framework, including stochastic processes describing the evolution of equity and credit risk factors in continuous time, as well as a credit rating based model, providing a mechanism for imposing dependent credit migrations and defaults for firms participating in the market. A flexible modelling framework results, proving capable of generating dependence of varying strength and shape, across as well as within studied markets. Particular focus is given to the way markets interact in the tails of the distributions. By means of simulation, it is highlighted that dependence as produced by the model tends to spread asymmetrically with simultaneously extreme outcomes occurring more frequently in lower than in upper tails. Attempts to fit the model to observed market data featuring historical stock index and corporate bond index values are promising as both marginal distributions and dependence connecting the investigated asset types appear largely replicable, although we conclude further validation remains.
Refining Estimates of Bird Collision and Electrocution Mortality at Power Lines in the United States

Collisions and electrocutions at power lines are thought to kill large numbers of birds in the United States annually. However, existing estimates of mortality are either speculative (for electrocution) or based on extrapolation of results from one study to all U.S. power lines (for collision). Because national-scale estimates of mortality and comparisons among threats are likely to be used for prioritizing policy and management strategies and for identifying major research needs, these estimates should be based on systematic and transparent assessment of rigorously collected data. We conducted a quantitative review that incorporated data from 14 studies meeting our inclusion criteria to estimate that between 12 and 64 million birds are killed each year at U.S. power lines, with between 8 and 57 million birds killed by collision and between 0.9 and 11.6 million birds killed by electrocution. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the majority of uncertainty in our estimates arises from variation in mortality rates across studies; this variation is due in part to the small sample of rigorously conducted studies that can be used to estimate mortality. Little information is available to quantify species-specific vulnerability to mortality at power lines; the available literature over-represents particular bird groups and habitats, and most studies only sample and present data for one or a few species. Furthermore, additional research is needed to clarify whether, to what degree, and in what regions populations of different bird species are affected by power line-related mortality. Nonetheless, our data-driven analysis suggests that the amount of bird mortality at U.S. power lines is substantial and that conservation management and policy is necessary to reduce this mortality.
Prognostic significance of regulatory T cells in tumor

Since entering the immunological stage several decades ago, regulatory T cell biology has been realized as fundamentally important in the prevention of autoimmune conditions, induction of transplant tolerance and the immune response to cancer. The role of regulatory T cells in tumor immunobiology is still being elucidated. Currently, regulatory T cells are implicated in the dampening of antitumor T‐cell responses both through direct and indirect means. A number of investigators have demonstrated that regulatory T cell density and location may serve as independent prognostic factors in several types of cancer and are alternately detrimental or beneficial to patient survival. In this article, we will review the characteristics and functional phenotype of classical regulatory T cells, describe their distribution and quantification in tumor‐bearing hosts and summarize recent studies investigating the prognostic significance of regulatory T cell number and locality in various cancers.
A three-level verification approach on Wireless Communication Controller System

Wireless Communication Controller System is an industrial communication system that controls multiple categories of radios to communicate with remote systems. Due to high cost and great uncertainty in this wireless system test, we present our work in terms of formally modeling, verifying and improving the system. To deal with the complexity of concurrent system verification, we propose a three-level verification method, from the lowest function view to secondary component view and then to the highest system view. By SPIN model checker, we have discovered some deadlock scenarios and boundary-value errors in the system. After being corrected, the system demonstrates well behaviors in the next step of verification.
Late Cenozoic structural and stratigraphic evolution of the northern Chinese Tian Shan foreland

Three successive zones of fault‐related folds disrupt the proximal part of the northern Tian Shan foreland in NW China. A new magnetostratigraphy of the Taxi He section on the north limb of the Tugulu anticline in the middle deformed zone clarifies the chronology of both tectonic deformation and depositional evolution of this collisional mountain belt. Our ∼1200‐m‐thick section encompasses the upper Cenozoic terrigenous sequence within which ∼300 sampling horizons yield an age span of ∼8–2 Ma. Although the basal age in the Taxi He section of the Xiyu conglomerate (often cited as an indicator of initial deformation) is ∼2.1 Ma, much earlier growth of the Tugulu anticline is inferred from growth strata dated at ∼6.0 Ma. Folding of Neogene strata and angular unconformities in anticlines in the more proximal and distal deformed zones indicate deformation during Miocene and Early Pleistocene times, respectively. In the Taxi He area, sediment‐accumulation rates significantly accelerate at ∼4 Ma, apparently in response to encroaching thrust loads. Together, growth strata, angular unconformities, and sediment‐accumulation rates document the northward migration of tectonic deformation into the northern Tian Shan foreland basin during the late Cenozoic. A progradational alluvial–lacustrine system associated with this northward progression is subdivided into two facies associations at Tugulu: a shallow lacustrine environment before ∼5.9 Ma and an alluvial fan environment subsequently. The lithofacies progradation encompasses the time‐transgressive Xiyu conglomerate deposits, which should only be recognized as a lithostratigraphic unit. Along the length of the foreland, the locus of maximum shortening shifts between the medial and proximal zones of folding, whereas the total shortening across the foreland remains quite homogeneous along strike, suggesting spatially steady tectonic forcing since late Miocene times.
Prominent Job Advertisements, Group Learning and Wage Dispersion

A model is presented in which people base their labor search strategy on the average wage and the average unemployment duration of people who belong to their peer group. It is shown that, if the distribution of wage offers is not stationary so lower wage offers tend to arrive before higher wage ones, such learning can induce a great deal of wage inequality. An equilibrium model is developed in which firms can choose either to advertise their job openings prominently or not. Prominent ads are assumed to have more influence on more inexperienced job searchers who are less able to identify a multiplicity of viable jobs. Equilibria can then feature groups that learn naively from the experience of their members and accept low wage offers from prominent ads while other groups do not find these offers acceptable. A new test statistic is proposed that measures whether, as predicted by the model, the gains from increasing one's reservation wage are larger than either those that people expect or those predicted by models in which job offers are stationary.
A RECURRENT ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL OF DUFFING'S EQUATION WITHOUT TRAINING

A method is developed for constructing recurrent artiicial neural networks to model physical systems. The construction requires imposing certain constraints on the values of the input, bias, and output weights. The attribution of certain roles to each of these parameters allows for mapping a polynomial approximation into an ar-tiicial neural network architecture. Attention is focused on a second-order nonlinear ordinary diierential equation, which governs the well known Duung's oscillator. The nonlinear ordinary diierential equation is modelled by the recurrent artiicial neu-ral network architecture in conjunction with the popular hyperbolic tangent transfer function. Moreover, this approach is shown to be capable of incorporating other smooth neuron transfer functions, as long as they can be described by a Taylor series expansion. Numerical examples are presented illustrating the accuracy and utility of the method.
Denouncing European Integration. Euroscepticism as reactive identity formation

The spreading phenomenon of Euroscepticism relates to particular discursive formations within the battlefield of collective identities that is opened by European integration. This paper first aims to highlight the reactionary nature of Euroscepticism. Secondly, it argues for understanding Euroscepticism as a discursive formation in the public sphere rather than as a collection of party positions or characteristic of public opinion. Thirdly, it points to the media as central players and amplifiers of Euroscepticism. In order to describe the dynamics of Euroscepticism, we need to understand how the polity worth of the EU is framed in public debates (the discursive contents of Euroscepticism). We further need to understand how and by whom Eurosceptic narratives are mobilized (the performance of Euroscepticism). Last but not least, we need to account for the public resonance of Euroscepticism and its dynamic expansion (the public salience of Euroscepticism). By emphasizing this dynamic element in the ‘making of’ Eurosceptic counter-narratives this paper therefore proposes to turn to the mediating infrastructures through which the European Union is challenged and contested in front of a wider public. This relates to the public and media sphere as the principal locus of analysis. Reproduction