Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Samples, observational techniques and the first data release

The 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS) aims to measure the redshifts of around 150 000 galaxies, and the peculiar velocities of a 15 000-member subsample, over almost the entire southern sky. When complete, it will be the largest redshift survey of the nearby Universe, reaching out to about z similar to 0.15, and more than an order of magnitude larger than any peculiar velocity survey to date. The targets are all galaxies brighter than K-tot = 12.75 in the 2MASS Extended Source Catalog (XSC), supplemented by 2MASS and SuperCOSMOS galaxies that complete the sample to limits of (H, J, r(F), b(J)) = (13.05, 13.75, 15.6, 16.75). Central to the survey is the Six-Degree Field (6dF) multifibre spectrograph, an instrument able to record 150 simultaneous spectra over the 5.7-field of the UK Schmidt Telescope. An adaptive tiling algorithm has been employed to ensure around 95 per cent fibring completeness over the 17 046 deg(2) of the southern sky with \b\ > 10degrees. Spectra are obtained in two observations using separate V and R gratings, that together give R similar to 1000 over at least 4000-7500 Angstrom and signal-to-noise ratio similar to10 per pixel. Redshift measurements are obtained semi-automatically, and are assigned a quality value based on visual inspection. The 6dFGS data base is available at http://www-wfau.roe. ac.uk/6dFGS/, with public data releases occurring after the completion of each third of the survey.
Rejection of the Binary Broad-Line Region Interpretation of Double-peaked Emission Lines in Three Active Galactic Nuclei

It has been suggested that the peculiar double-peaked Balmer lines of certain broad-line radio galaxies come from individual broad-line regions associated with the black holes of a supermassive binary. We continue to search for evidence of the radial velocity variations characteristics of a double-lined spectroscopic binary that are required in such a model. After spectroscopic monitoring of three suitable candidates (Arp 102B, 3C 390.3, and 3C 332) spanning two decades, we find no such long-term systematic changes in radial velocity. A trend noticed by Gaskell in one of the Balmer-line peaks of 3C 390.3 before 1988 did not continue after that year, invalidating his inferred orbital period and mass. Instead, we find lower limits on the plausible orbital periods that would require the assumed supermassive binaries in all three objects to have total masses in excess of 1010 M☉. In the case of 3C 390.3, the total binary mass must exceed 1011 M☉ to satisfy additional observational constraints on the inclination angle. We argue that such large binary black hole masses are difficult to reconcile with other observations and with theory. In addition, there are peculiar properties of the line profiles and flux ratios in these objects that are not explained by ordinary broad-line region cloud models. We therefore doubt that the double-peaked line profiles of Arp 102B, 3C 390.3, and 3C 332 arise in pairs of broad-line regions. Rather, they are much more likely to be intimately associated with single black holes. The recent discoveries of transient but otherwise similar double-peaked emission lines in nearby active galactic nuclei bolster the view that double-peaked emission lines are commonly produced by a single compact source.
Generalized f-k (frequency-wavenumber) migration in arbitrarily varying media

Migration requires one‐way wave continuation. In the spatial domain, one‐way wave equations are derived based on various approximations to an assumed dispersion relation. In the frequency‐wavenumber domain, the well known f-k method and the phase‐shift method are strictly valid only within homogeneous models and layered models, respectively. In this paper, a frequency‐wavenumber domain method is presented for one‐way wave continuation in arbitrarily varying media. In the method, the downward continuation is accomplished, not with plane waves individually as in the f-k or the phase‐shift method, but with the whole spectrum of plane waves simultaneously in order to account for the coupling among the plane waves due to lateral inhomogeneity. The method is based on a matrix integral equation. The method has the following merits: (1) The method is a generalization of the f-k and the phase‐shift methods, valid in arbitrarily varying models. (2) The method has physical interpretations in terms of upgoing and dow.
Testing the distance–duality relation in the Rh = ct universe

In this paper, we test the cosmic distance–duality (CDD) relation using the luminosity distances from joint light-curve analysis Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sample and angular diameter distance sample from galaxy clusters. The R_h = ct and Λ cold dark matter (CDM) models are considered. In order to compare the two models, we constrain the CDD relation and the SNe Ia light-curve parameters simultaneously. Considering the effects of Hubble constant, we find that η ≡ D_A(1 + z)^2/D_L = 1 is valid at the 2σ confidence level in both models with H_0= 67.8 ± 0.9 km ^−1s^−1 Mpc. However, the CDD relation is valid at 3σ confidence level with H_0= 73.45 ± 1.66 km ^−1s^−1Mpc. Using the Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion, we find that the ΛCDM model is very stongly preferred over the R_h = ct model with these data sets for the CDD relation test.
Nonlinear model of linear synchronous reluctance motor for real time applications

The finite element (FE) method calculations are used to improve dynamic behavior of the two‐axis linear synchronous reluctance motor (LSRM) model, which is appropriate for the control design, the real time applications and the low speed servo applications. By the FE method, calculated current and position dependent flux linkages, their partial derivatives and motor thrust are approximated by the continuous functions and incorporated into the dynamic LSRM model as a nonlinear iron core model. The agreement between the calculated and the measured flux linkages, their partial derivatives and the motor thrust is very good. The agreement between all trajectories calculated by the improved dynamic LSRM model and measured during the experiment in the case of kinematic control is very good as well.
He 2-113: A Multipolar Planetary Nebula with Rings around a Cool Wolf-Rayet Star

We present Hα imaging and molecular-line (CO) observations of He 2-113, an object which belongs to a rare class of planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet type central stars. The Hα images, obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2, show that He 2-113 has an overall bipolar shape and two bright, knotty, compact ringlike structures around the central star. The major bipolar axis and the axis of symmetry of the rings are not colinear. A third, smaller, lobe is found to extend along an axis different from both of the above. The central star of He 2-113 is conspicuously offset from the geometrical centers of the rings and the main bipolar lobes. A faint extended round halo surrounds the bipolar nebula, probably representing the spherical mass-loss phase of the progenitor AGB red giant. The CO data indicate that this halo is mostly neutral and expanding at 28 km s-1; an extended weak blue wing indicates that some of the molecular gas has been accelerated to significantly larger velocities. Self-consistent modeling of the CO data and IRAS far-infrared flux, including heating-cooling to calculate the gas kinetic temperature, shows that the mass-loss rate of the progenitor AGB star is relatively high (~10-4 M☉ yr-1) and that the molecular gas is relatively cold; the gas-to-dust ratio (by mass) is 190. The very aspherical morphology of the He 2-113 nebula may allow ionizing radiation to escape preferentially from the nebula along directions with relatively low optical depth. The observed nebular structure is not consistent with the generalized interacting winds model of planetary nebula formation. The multilobed structure supports a new model by Sahai & Trauger in which collimated outflows with changing directionality are the primary agent for the shaping of planetary nebulae. The origin of the rings and the offset of the central star remain puzzling.
Environmental Radioactivity Concentrations and Assessment of Radiological Hazards in Soil Around Bandung Nuclear Area

Bandung nuclear area is an area which is nuclear reactor named TRIGA 2000 and research laboratory located. The reactor and research laboratory are utilized for training, researching and radioisotopes production that has potential to contaminate the environment. Environmental radioactivity monitoring is done periodically to find out potential radioactive release from activities inside Bandung nuclear area to surroundings. However, the assessment of radiological hazards to determine the potential radiological dangers to humans and environment around Bandung nuclear area is not done yet. The objective of this study is assessing the radiological hazards in Bandung nuclear area by comparing the data from soil samples taken in environment radiological monitoring activity with the recommendation data based on UNSCEAR and other references to find out the radiological hazards that potentially affect to humans, where this assessment has never been carried out in this area. The assessment of radiological hazards in this study is limited to Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 nuclides because contributing to radiation dose received by human. The study was conducted by collecting soil samples from several sampling points inside and outside Bandung nuclear area. Then, the nuclides of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 contained in soil samples are measured by using the gamma-ray spectrometry method with high resolution detector that is HPGe (High Purity Germanium) and a computer-based Multichannel Analyzer (MCA). The results indicated that the concentration of environmental radioactivity ranged between 11.02 to 32.66 Bq/kg for Ra-226; 19.44 to 43.83 Bq/kg for Th-232 and 56.00 to 183.39 Bq/kg for K-40. This study also obtained results that the radiological hazard of the gamma dose rate ranged from 23.54 to 40.23 nGy/h, the radium equivalent was 51.77 to 89.78 Bq/kg; the external hazard index was 0.14 to 0.24 and the internal from 0.18 to 0.33; the index of radioactivity level was 0.37 to 0.63. The annual effective dose equivalent for outdoor ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 mSv/y and indoor was 0.12 to 0.20 mSv/y. The lifetime cancer risk for outdoors ranged from 0.10x10–3 to 0.17x10–3 and indoor was 0.4x10–3 to 0.69x10–3. The values of radiological hazard were below the international requirements. There is no potential risk of natural radiation of gamma ionizing radiation exposure in soil samples around the Bandung nuclear area for workers, the public, and the environment.Keywords: Environment, Radiological, Hazard, Gamma, Spectrometry.
The Fate of Sedimentary Reactive Iron at the Land‐Ocean Interface: A Case Study From the Amazon Shelf

Reactive iron (Fe) oxides in marine sediments may represent a source of bioavailable Fe to the ocean via reductive dissolution and sedimentary Fe release or can promote organic carbon preservation and long‐term burial. Furthermore, enrichments of reactive Fe (sum of Fe oxides, carbonates and sulfides normalized to total Fe) in ancient sediments are utilized as a paleo‐proxy for anoxic conditions. Considering the general importance of reactive Fe oxides in marine biogeochemistry, it is important to quantify their terrestrial sources and fate at the land‐ocean interface. We applied sequential Fe extractions to sediments from the Amazon shelf to investigate the transformation of river‐derived Fe oxides during early diagenesis. We found that ∼22% of the Amazon River‐derived Fe oxides are converted to Fe‐containing clay minerals in Amazon shelf sediments. The incorporation of reactive Fe into authigenic clay minerals (commonly referred to as reverse weathering) is substantiated by the relationship between Fe oxide loss and potassium (K) uptake from sedimentary pore waters, which is in agreement with the previously reported Fe/K stoichiometry of authigenic clay minerals. Mass balance calculations suggest that widely applied sequential extractions do not separate Fe‐rich authigenic clay minerals from reactive Fe oxides and carbonates. We conclude that the balance between terrestrial supply of reactive Fe and reverse weathering in continental margin sediments has to be taken into account in the interpretation of sedimentary Fe speciation data.
Supernova remnants in the very–high–energy gamma-ray domain: the role of the Cherenkov telescope array

Supernova remnants are often presented as the most probable sources of Galactic cosmic rays. This idea is supported by the accumulation of evidence that particle acceleration is happening at supernova remnant shocks. Observations in the TeV range have especially contributed to increase the understanding of the mechanisms, but many aspects of the particle acceleration at supernova remnant shocks are still debated. The Cherenkov telescope array is expected to lead to the detection of many new supernova remnants in the TeV and multi-TeV range. In addition to the individual study of each, the study of these objects as a population can help constrain the parameters describing the acceleration of particles and increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Riser-Relief Valve Dynamic Interactions

The dynamic stability behavior of a typical pilot-operated relief valve has been investigated both numerically and experimentally. The valve piston equation of motion has been solved in connection with the conservation equations of the oscillating flow in the attached riser. The boundary condition at the riser tip is of a choked flow type and had to be given special attention in oscillatory flows. Pertinent quasi-steady flow equations have been formulated to describe the different phases of relief along the piston lift. A model describing the process of pressure relief is described briefly, followed by a parametric study of the effects of various factors on the oscillation levels and characters. Field measurements were taken on an NPS 8 pilot-operated dual-outlet relief valve mounted on a riser assembly of L/D = 15 in a natural gas compressor station.
Recent astrophysical and accelerator-based results on the hadronic equation of state

In astrophysics as well as in hadron physics, progress has recently been made on the determination of the hadronic equation of state (EoS) of compressed matter. The results are contradictory, however. Simulations of heavy-ion reactions are now sufficiently robust to predict the stiffness of the EoS from (i) the energy dependence of the ratio of K+ from Au + Au and C + C collisions and (ii) the centrality dependence of the K+ multiplicities. The data are best described with a compressibility coefficient at normal nuclear matter density κ of around 200 MeV, a value which is usually called 'soft'. The recent observation of a neutron star with a mass of twice the solar mass is only compatible with theoretical predictions if the EoS is stiff. We review the present situation.
Differences Between Canadian Psychological Association Nonmember and Member Counseling Psychologists

Generalizations about Canadian counseling psychologists have been based on research that samples members of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA), leading to questions about the extent to which this portrayal of the profession is accurate. In this exploratory study, answers to a 61-item questionnaire representing 86 variables were compared between 78 Canadian counseling psychologists who were members of the CPA and 107 Canadian counseling psychologists who were not members of the CPA. Inferential analyses found that CPA-member and nonmember counseling psychologists differed significantly on 11 of the 86 variables assessed, indicating that the currently available portrayal of Canadian counseling psychologists used by licensure bodies, professional associations, academic programs, instructors, and researchers is not wholly accurate. Reliance on inaccurate information about the profession can hinder the future development of Canadian counseling psychology as its members strive to meet the needs of counseling psychology students, counseling psychology professionals, and the populations they serve.
Strain-regulated electronic properties of helical polymer with phenylacetylene monomers—a first principle study

Helical polymers, a class of organic polymers with a unique spring-like structure, possess interesting electronic configurations and axial quantum transport properties thanks to the tunable interlayer electronic interaction by strain engineering. In this report, we carried out first-principle calculations to investigate the electronic structures and transport properties of the helical polymer with phenylacetylene monomers under compressive strains. The band structures of the material show a remarkable semiconductor-to-metal phase transition and enhanced electronic dispersion caused by the great interlayer coupling when subjected to an increasing compressive strain. During compression, the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum gradually move closer to the Fermi level and eventually pass through the Fermi surface. Moreover, under large strains, a notable overlap between interlayer electron clouds makes an effective channel for the axial electron transmission, explaining the greatly improved charge transport properties. This improvement is mainly due to the formation of the interlayer transmission channels through σ bonds. Our findings on the strain-regulated electronic properties of helical polymers suggest there are great potential applications of these materials in high-performance sensors and flexible electronic devices.
A novel method for determining water saturation of porous media in relative permeability measurement using DPT

Relative permeability is essential for understanding porous media’s gas and water seepage characteristics and establishing production schedules in practical engineering applications. However, the movable water is too small to be detected in ultra-lowpermeability rocks, and it is difficult to determine the water saturation in the relative permeability measurement accurately. In this study, a differential pressure transducer (DPT) was applied to self-developed apparatus to quantify displaced water precisely. The results indicate that: (a) both the permeability and the relative permeability measurement results show high stability in repeatability tests with the application of DPT. (b) The final cumulative water flow data measured by the DPT is reliable; the relative error of the electronic balance and DPT value was less than 4%. (c) This self-developed instrument can obtain the relative permeability curve for ultra-low permeability rocks, such as tight sandstone and anthracite coal. Although there are limitations, this technique provides an economical and reliable pathway for studying the seepage characteristics of gas and water in ultra-low permeability rocks.
Efficient Broadband Vibro-Acoustic Analysis of Passenger Car Bodies Using an FE-Based Component Mode Synthesis Approach

The costliest part of computationally optimizing automobiles for Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) is the frequency response calculation of very large finite element models. In general, NVH is treated as a fluid-structure interaction between the body and the car interior fluid volume. In this paper, some features of the current approach to NVH computations at BMW are elucidated. First, the equations of motion for a typical NVH problem will be derived using three different formulations, differential, algebraic and modal. Next, three numerical approaches for solving the large systems of equations (direct, modal and Automated Multi-Level Substructuring (AMLS)) will be shown. Finally, the numerical precision and the efficiency of these approaches will be assessed.
Advance on transmittance measurements methods

The quality of the output signal of the laser gyro is closely related to the loss of the high mirror. At present, the research on the total loss of the high-reflection film has been quite perfect. In order to further study the optical properties of the high-reflection film, the total loss of the high-reflection film can be refined into three parts: transmission loss, scattering loss and absorption loss. Starting from the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper mainly introduces three methods, including spectrophotometer method, DF transflectometer and cavity ring-down technique, and discusses the measurement principles of these three methods. The development status and accuracy level of transmittance measurement technology, and the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods are analyzed, and the methods to improve the measurement accuracy and the possible development direction in the future are pointed out. Finally, other common methods of transmittance and reflectance measurement and the corresponding measurement accuracy are introduced.
UV differential optical absorption method for measuring sulfur content in coal

Determining the sulfur content in coal rapidly and accurately can provide a technical basis for the enterprises and the environmental administration departments. A novel method for measuring the sulfur content in coal based on UV differential optical absorption is presented in this paper. However, compared with the applications in atmosphere monitoring, the UV differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) for the sulfur content measurement in coal has the problems that the concentration range of SO2 in the flue gas is wider and the optical path-length of the gas cell is shorter. To solve these problems, an improved DOAS algorithm based on a finite impulse response (FIR) filter and a nonlinear compensation technique is proposed. An experimental measurement system based on the modified DOAS is designed and established. The standard SO2 gas and five kinds of standard coals are experimentally tested. Theoretical and experimental results show that the lower detection limit of the system is better than 0.014%, and the repeatability of the measurement system fairly meets the national standard of China. The system has advantages of low maintenance and shorter measurement duration (4 min).
Star formation and gas inflows in the OH megamaser galaxy IRAS03056+2034

We have obtained observations of the OH Megamaser galaxy IRAS03056+0234 using Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) Integral Field Unit (IFU), Very Large Array (VLA) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The HST data reveals spiral arms containing knots of emission associated to star forming regions. The GMOS-IFU data cover the spectral range of 4500 to 7500 \AA\ at a velocity resolution of 90 km s$^{-1}$ and spatial resolution of 506 pc. The emission-line flux distributions reveal a ring of star forming regions with radius of 786 pc centred at the nucleus of the galaxy, with an ionized gas mass of 1.2$\times$ 10$^{8}$M$_{\odot}$, an ionizing photon luminosity of log Q[H$^{+}$]=53.8 and a star formation rate of 4.9 M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$. The emission-line ratios and radio emission suggest that the gas at the nuclear region is excited by both starburst activity and an active galactic nucleus. The gas velocity fields are partially reproduced by rotation in the galactic plane, but show, in addition, excess redshifts to the east of the nucleus, consistent with gas inflows towards the nucleus, with velocity of $\sim$45 km s$^{-1}$ and a mass inflow rate of $\sim$7.7$\times$10$^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$.