Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An advanced CSMA inter-vehicle communication system using packet transmission timing decided by the vehicle position

We examine the performance of inter-vehicle communication (IVC) systems using the IEEE802.11b standard CSMA scheme and a proposed system in which packet transmission timing is decided by the vehicle position. For the realization of safety cruise-assist systems by IVC systems, the spread of transceivers on vehicles is important. To improve the equipped rate of transceivers on vehicles, it is necessary that the implementation of more simple and cheaper IVC systems. One of the solutions is using conventional wireless LAN systems for IVC systems. So we evaluate the performance of an IVC system using the conventional IEEE802.11b CSMA system. In addition, we propose and evaluate an improvement scheme for solving the performance degradation caused by packet collision. The results of simulation show that the proposed scheme is superior to other schemes when the bit rate is low. Also, it is shown that the proposed scheme has the same or higher performance than the other schemes in high bit rate.
Structural identification of the pathway of long-range communication in an allosteric enzyme

Allostery is a common mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity and specificity, and its signatures are readily identified from functional studies. For many allosteric systems, structural evidence exists of long-range communication among protein domains, but rarely has this communication been traced to a detailed pathway. The thrombin mutant D102N is stabilized in a self-inhibited conformation where access to the active site is occluded by a collapse of the entire 215–219 β-strand. Binding of a fragment of the protease activated receptor PAR1 to exosite I, 30-Å away from the active site region, causes a large conformational change that corrects the position of the 215–219 β-strand and restores access to the active site. The crystal structure of the thrombin-PAR1 complex, solved at 2.2-Å resolution, reveals the details of this long-range allosteric communication in terms of a network of polar interactions.
Effect of Viscoelasticity on Entropy Generation in a Porous Medium over a Stretching Plate

2 Abstract: In this article, boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis of a second grade fluid over a stretching sheet through a porous medium has been discussed and effect of viscoelastici ty on entropy generation has been taken in to account. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is used to obtain the analytic solution for the equations and a comprehensive parametric study is presented.
Single-hole detrapping events in pMOSFETs NBTI degradation

This work shows that the recovery of NBTI degradation in ultra-small gate area pMOSFETs presents abrupt steps which are related to the detrapping of one hole. These results can be obtained by using a new approach to monitor the recovery, which is extremely more sensitive than previously proposed methodology. This result opens the way to model the NBTI degradation for ultra-small gate area devices which are main components of SRAM cells.
High power resonant Switched-Capacitor step-down converter

This paper treats a new type of high power switched-capacitor-DC-DC-converter (SCDDC), which is characterized by resonant switching transitions. This drastically reduces switching losses and opens up the possibility to employ thyristors instead of turn-off power semiconductors. At the same time a larger energy can be transferred per switching cycle and/or the application of the SCDDCs can be extended into the megawatt power range. For operation with high switching frequency thyristors are replaced by IGCTs which allow to avoid a turn-off time in reverse-blocking mode. The new converter topology is extensively analyzed using simulations. To gain practical results a small scale prototype is designed and the operation of the proposed converter is experimentally verified including the resonant operation of IGCTs which results in significantly reduced switching losses.
Scheduling in Sensor Grid Middleware for Telemedicine Using ABC Algorithm

Advances in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology have enabled design of low power wireless sensor nodes capable of sensing different vital signs in our body. These nodes can communicate with each other to aggregate data and transmit vital parameters to a base station (BS). The data collected in the base station can be used to monitor health in real time. The patient wearing sensors may be mobile leading to aggregation of data from different BS for processing. Processing real time data is compute-intensive and telemedicine facilities may not have appropriate hardware to process the real time data effectively. To overcome this, sensor grid has been proposed in literature wherein sensor data is integrated to the grid for processing. This work proposes a scheduling algorithm to efficiently process telemedicine data in the grid. The proposed algorithm uses the popular swarm intelligence algorithm for scheduling to overcome the NP complete problem of grid scheduling. Results compared with other heuristic scheduling algorithms show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Dissociating prospective memory from vigilance processes

En dos experimentos se explora si se puede distinguir entre los procesos de recuperacion que subyacen a la memoria prospectiva basada en eventos y aquellos que son responsables de la vigilancia. Los sujetos realizaban una tarea de forma continua (decision lexica en el Experimento 1 y categorizacion en el Experimento 2), pero al mismo tiempo (tarea de fondo) debian recordar que siempre que apareciese en la pantalla un determinado estimulo objetivo, debian dejar de realizar la tarea continua. Habia dos estimulos objetivo que aparecian 4 veces a lo largo de la tarea continua. Mediante las instrucciones y la practica se inducia a los sujetos a codificar la tarea de fondo como una tarea prospectiva o como una tarea de vigilancia. Los resultados mostraron importantes diferencias entre memoria prospectiva y vigilancia. El tiempo de respuesta en la tarea continua fue sistematicamente mas lento en las condiciones de vigilancia que en las de memoria prospectiva. Sin embargo, las condiciones de memoria prospectiva no diferian de las de control (la tarea continua sola). Los datos de precision en la tarea de fondo fueron complementarios a los de tiempo de reaccion ya que se observo un mayor numero de errores en las condiciones prospectivas que en las de vigilancia Estas diferencias no se debieron a un intercambio de velocidad y precision entre las tareas continua y de fondo ni tampoco a las diferencias en entrenamiento. Aun mas importante fue que en las condiciones de memoria prospectiva se observaron efectos de facilitacion (priming) a traves de las cuatro repeticiones de los objetivos y que esto efectos no aparecieron en las condiciones de vigilancia. Estos resultados son consistentes con la hipotesis de que las tareas de memoria prospectiva basada en claves y las de vigilancia difieren en el grado en que requieren monitorizacion consciente. La memoria prospectiva depende mas de la recuperacion automatica de la asociacion clave-accion, mientras que la vigilancia depende de procesos de busqueda activa del objetivo.
A Study for Touchable Online Shopping System with Haptical Force Feedback

This paper proposes the Touchable Online Shopping system. Users can touch and grasp commodity with their own hand. The purpose of this system is to make it easy to measure the size of the commodity intuitively. Other purpose is to make the system with small-scale input and output device with vibrators. In this Touchable Online Shopping system, haptical force feedback is introduced in order to cover an impression such as the touch feeling for interface problem while grasping commodity. Using this system, users can grasp it and measure the size through a data-glove as similar to real ones.
Using the Crowd to Annotate Metadiscursive Acts

This paper addresses issues relating to the definition and non-expert understanding of metadiscursive acts. We present existing theory on spoken metadiscourse, focusing on one taxonomy that defines metadiscursive concepts in a functional manner, rather than formally. A crowdsourcing annotation task is set up with two main goals: (a) build a corpus of metadiscourse, and (b) assess the understanding of metadiscursive concepts by non-experts. This initial annotation effort focus on five categories of metadiscourse: INTRODUCING TOPIC, CONCLUDING TOPIC, MARKING ASIDES, EXEMPLIFYING, and EMPHASIZING. The crowdsourcing task is described in detail, including instructions and quality insurance mechanisms. We report results in terms of time-on-task, self-reported confidence, requests for additional context, quantity of occurrences and inter-annotator agreement. Results show the crowd is capable of annotating metadiscourse and give insights on the complexity of the different concepts in the taxonomy.
Intelligent driver monitoring systems based on physiological sensor signals: A review

Drowsiness, stress and lack of concentration caused by a variety of different factors is a serious problem in traffic. Many traffic accidents are due to these risky behaviors of the drivers. A system which recognizes the state of the driver and e.g. suggests breaks when stress level is too high or driver is too tired would enable large savings and reduces accident. Today different physiological sensor signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECG), Elektro-okulogram (EOG), Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Pulse Oximeter (Oxygen saturation measurements) enable clinician to determine psychological and behavioral state with high accuracy. There are researchers working on developing intelligent systems help to monitor potential risky behaviors of drivers using sensor signals. Thus, this paper provides an overview and analysis of driver monitoring/alerting systems developments and implementations which are based on physiological sensor signals. Summarizing published research works and systems this review provides a resource for researchers, scholars and developers working in the area.
Alternative Views of Case Research in Information Systems

This paper discusses the differences between a positivist research philosophy and one which is increasingly emerging in IS research - an interpretive research philosophy, as they relate to case research, by examining selected case studies drawn from recent published IS case research. Each perspective places a different emphasis on case research, reflecting different ways of viewing reality and the pursuit of valid knowledge. This is an important realisation that can help us understand the debate that often arises over the nature and stature of case studies as a method for conducting research.
A CURVATURE EFFECT ON THE CRITICAL RICHARDSON NUMBER

where g is acceleration due to gravity, @p and @ are lhe reference and mean potential temperature, respectively, U is the background wind speed, and z is height (e.g. Gossard and Hooke, 1975). A critical, minimum value of Ri, henceforth called 1? i. , determincs a sufficicnt condition for the linear stability of an inviscid, laminar, parallel, stratificd flow (Milcsl, 1961, 1990). This-Rr" (=U4) is justified by theory (Howard, 1961), experi-
Magnitude of canopy dieback and implications for conservation of southern rata-kamahi (Metrosideros umbellata-Weinmannia racemosa) forests, central Westland, New Zealand.

The amount of conspicuous canopy dieback in all central Westland southern rata-kamahi forests east of the Alpine Fault, between 500 m altitude and treeline, was assessed and mapped from aerial photographs taken in 1984-85 and verified by aerial reconnaissance of selected areas in 1988. At least 20% of all canopy trees, predominantly southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) and Hall's totara (Podocarpus hallii), were dead in 1984-85. Major catchments with their headwaters east of the Alpine Fault comprised 78% of the study area and were worst affected (5%-44% canopy mortality). Because affected trees decay and eventually disappear from the canopy, the extent of visible dieback underestimated total canopy depletion, particularly where mortality occurred more than c. 15 years ago. Geographical variation in canopy dieback reflected the intensity and duration of browsing by the introduced brush-tailed possum (inferred from patterns of invasion from their liberation sites) and the influences of forest composition and timing of dieback. Although 29% of the forests showed light dieback (<10% mortality), only 11% had not experienced heavier past dieback and could be classified as having canopies largely unmodified by possums. Such widespread and continuing forest depletion, and declining possum control effort over the last decade, indicate the urgent need for a coordinated rata-kamahi forest conservation strategy, involving long-term possum control and monitoring in representative tracts.
Experiment design and parameter estimation of Pauli channels using convex optimization

A unified framework is proposed in this paper for parameter estimation using convex optimization and experiment design applying convex maximization for Pauli channels, that can be extended to generalized Pauli channels, too. In the case of known channel directions, an affine parametrization of the Choi matrix turns the LS parameter estimation into a convex optimization problem also for the generalized Pauli channels. A simple iterative algorithm for estimating the channel directions is also given for qubit Pauli channels. The experiment design was performed by maximizing the trace of the Fisher information matrix of the output quantum system to find optimal input state and measurement POVM for the channel estimation. For the known channel direction case it was found that the optimal input state should be pure and the optimal measurement POVM is extremal. It was also shown that both the input state and the POVM elements in the optimal configuration should be parallel to the channel directions in the qubit Pauli channel case. The proposed methods and algorithms are illustrated by simple numerical examples.
Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: the Barcelona Hospital Clinic experience.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The outcome of patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) has improved considerably over the last decades. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the treatment of choice in young patients who have an HLA-identical sibling donor. This study analyzes the outcome and factors related to survival in patients with SAA receiving BMT in our institution. DESIGN AND METHODS Between March 1978 and December 1996, 49 consecutive patients received an HLA-identical sibling marrow transplant for SAA. Median age was 21 years (range, 4 to 47) and 15 (31%) were women. Median interval from diagnosis to transplant was 2.6 months (range, 0.5 to 159). Between 1978 and 1982 all patients were conditioned with cyclophosphamide (CY) alone and received methotrexate (MTX) until day 102 as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. From 1983 most patients received CY and thoraco-abdominal irradiation (TAI) as the conditioning regimen and cyclosporin A (CSA) as GvHD prophylaxis. RESULTS Survival probability at 10 years was 55 +/- 7% with a median follow-up for the surviving patients of 8.5 years. The incidences of graft failure, grade II to IV acute GvHD, and chronic GvHD were 21%, 39.5% and 31%, respectively. In multivariate analysis three factors adversely influenced survival: a) age > or = 30 years (p = 0.05); b) > or = 10 transfusion units pre-BMT (p = 0.008); and c) use of long course MTX for GvHD prophylaxis (p = 0.01). One case of squamous-cell carcinoma occurred in a TAI-treated patient 13 years post-transplantation. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS BMT is effective in young patients with SAA who have an HLA-identical sibling donor, particularly if minimally transfused pre-transplant. The introduction of TAI and CSA to our preparative regimen has led to a remarkably increased survival.
Triangulating a non-convex polytype

This paper is concerned with the problem of partitioning a three-dimensional polytope into a small number of elementary convex parts. The need for such decompositions arises in tool design, computer-aided manufacturing, finite-element methods, and robotics. Our main result is an algorithm for decomposing a polytope with <italic>n</italic> vertices and <italic>r</italic> reflex edges into <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>n</italic>+<italic>r</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt>) tetrahedra. This bound is asymptotically tight in the worst case. The algorithm is simple and practical. Its running time is <italic>&Ogr;</italic>(<italic>nr</italic> + <italic>r</italic><supscrpt>2</supscrpt> log <italic>r</italic>).
Optimal Bidding Strategy and Intramarket Mechanism of Microgrid Aggregator in Real-Time Balancing Market

Microgrid (MG) system with multienergy resources has a wide and dispatchable generation range and shows instant response, therefore, constituting a potentially suitable real-time power balancing resource. In this paper, we introduce the concept of MG aggregator to involve small-scale MGs in real-time balancing market bidding via a hierarchical market framework. At the upper real-time market level, the bidding strategy of aggregator is optimized by a risk-constrained mean-variance model to depress the effects of renewable energy sources (RES) uncertainty; at the lower intramarket level, an event-driven mechanism is presented to reach the cleared quantity of the upper market while realizing maximum economy. Furthermore, the above-centralized self-scheduling problem of MG aggregator is decomposed into individual MG optimization problems to achieve an optimal solution with fast convergence. Simulation results verify that the proposed market framework and the bidding strategy for MG aggregator are of high applicability in real market environment.
Evaluation of Students' Interest, Effort Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy in General Chemistry

Research in academic motivation has highlighted a number of salient constructs that are predictive of positive learning strategies and academic success. Most of this research has centered on college-level social sciences or secondary school student populations. The main purpose of this study was to adapt existing measures of personal interest and effort beliefs to a college chemistry context. In addition, a chemistry-specific measure of self-efficacy was evaluated in a modified form. This set of scales was initially administered at two time points in a first-semester general chemistry course to a sample of undergraduates (n1 = 373, n2 = 294). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to determine whether the scales were functional in a chemistry context. Following revision of the scales, all CFA models demonstrated acceptable fit to the data. Crossvalidation of the revised scales was performed using two different populations
Research advancements in palm oil nutrition

Palm oil is the major oil produced, with annual world production in excess of 50 million tonnes. About 85% of global palm oil produced is used in food applications. Over the past three decades, research on nutritional benefits of palm oil have demonstrated the nutritional adequacy of palm oil and its products, and have resulted in transitions in the understanding these attributes. Numerous studies have demonstrated that palm oil was similar to unsaturated oils with regards to effects on blood lipids. Palm oil provides a healthy alternative to trans-fatty acid containing hydrogenated fats that have been demonstrated to have serious deleterious effects on health. The similar effects of palm oil on blood lipids, comparable to other vegetable oils could very well be due to the structure of the major triglycerides in palm oil, which has an unsaturated fatty acid in the stereospecific numbers (sn)-2 position of the glycerol backbone. In addition, palm oil is well endowed with a bouquet of phytonutrients beneficial to health, such as tocotrienols, carotenoids, and phytosterols. This review will provide an overview of studies that have established palm oil as a balanced and nutritious oil.
A Reactive Local Positioning System for Ad Hoc Networks

Existing ad hoc location systems measure locations proactively by continuous measurements and communication among all nodes in an ad hoc network. However, in certain location-based applications only a few nodes need the location of a few other nodes, in which case the proactive approach results in an unnecessarily large overhead. We propose a scheme for a reactive ad hoc location system, which avoids the overhead of a proactive scheme by limiting multi- lateration and coordination of coordinate systems to nodes centered around the route between the source node requesting the location and the target node whose location is being requested. Simulations show that our scheme reduces overheads substantially compared to an existing proactive scheme.
A Case for Using Active Memory to Support Garbage Collection

Most modern programming languages require efficient automatic memory management (garbage col GC) as part of the runtime system. Since GC is very memory intensive it can potentially suffer significantly fro memory access times. Unfortunately memory performance develops at a slower pace than processor speed, ing memory accesses relatively more and more expensive in the future. Active Memory architectures aim to ov this problem by placing additional computational power in memory, thus allowing the application to execute sm memory-intensive functions closer to the data and in parallel. The goal is to improve latency and bandwidth grams that can otherwise suffer from memory accesses. To date, Active Memory has been studied only with databases, image processing, arithmetic computations, a very regular applications. In this paper, we propose to analyze its impact on garbage collection. We are convin garbage collection too will profit from this architecture since GC is simple, repetitive, easy to partition into offloa functions, and its performance depends crucially on fast memory access. We describe a possible incarnat Active Memory architecture suitable for GC support and argue why GC should benefit from such an architect
Smart card based security for fieldbus systems

The provision of security services in fieldbus systems will gain in importance in the coming years. A need for such services is easiest seen in fieldbus systems for building automation as they give ample opportunities for mischievous adversaries to tamper with. Without loss of generality we discuss different ways to integrate security services in fieldbus systems after pointing out possible security deficiencies in three widely used fieldbus systems for building automation. Exemplarily, we show how to integrate security services to the LonWorks system. To do so we introduce a secure smart card and discuss the security services that were implemented, based on some simple but realistic assumptions about a possible security policy.