Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Proteome Landscape of Giardia lamblia Encystation

Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan parasite required to survive in the environment in order to be transmitted to a new host. To ensure parasite survival, flagellated trophozoites colonizing the small intestine differentiate into non-motile environmentally-resistant cysts which are then shed in the environment. This cell differentiation process called encystation is characterized by significant morphological remodeling which includes secretion of large amounts of cyst wall material. Although much is known about the transcriptional regulation of encystation and the synthesis and trafficking of cyst wall material, the investigation of global changes in protein content and abundance during G. lamblia encystation is still unaddressed. In this study, we report on the quantitative analysis of the G. lamblia proteome during encystation using tandem mass spectrometry. Quantification of more than 1000 proteins revealed major changes in protein abundance in early, mid and late encystation, notably in constitutive secretory protein trafficking. Early stages of encystation were marked by a striking decrease of endoplasmic reticulum-targeted variant-specific surface proteins and significant increases in cytoskeleton regulatory components, NEK protein kinases and proteins involved in protein folding and glycolysis. This was in stark contrast to cells in the later stages of encystation which presented a surprisingly similar proteome composition to non-encysting trophozoites. Altogether these data constitute the first quantitative atlas of the Giardia proteome covering the whole process of encystation and point towards an important role for post-transcriptional control of gene expression in Giardia differentiation. Furthermore, our data provide a valuable resource for the community-based annotation effort of the G. lamblia genome, where almost 70% of all predicted gene models remains “hypothetical”.
Biological and Pharmacological Aspects of the NK1-Receptor

The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) is the main receptor for the tachykinin family of peptides. Substance P (SP) is the major mammalian ligand and the one with the highest affinity. SP is associated with multiple processes: hematopoiesis, wound healing, microvasculature permeability, neurogenic inflammation, leukocyte trafficking, and cell survival. It is also considered a mitogen, and it has been associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Tachykinins and their receptors are widely expressed in various human systems such as the nervous, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and immune system. Particularly, NK-1R is found in the nervous system and in peripheral tissues and are involved in cellular responses such as pain transmission, endocrine and paracrine secretion, vasodilation, and modulation of cell proliferation. It also acts as a neuromodulator contributing to brain homeostasis and to sensory neuronal transmission associated with depression, stress, anxiety, and emesis. NK-1R and SP are present in brain regions involved in the vomiting reflex (the nucleus tractus solitarius and the area postrema). This anatomical localization has led to the successful clinical development of antagonists against NK-1R in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The first of these antagonists, aprepitant (oral administration) and fosaprepitant (intravenous administration), are prescribed for high and moderate emesis.
An ant colony optimization algorithm for solving Group Steiner Problem

Group Steiner Problem (GSP) is an important generalization of some basic NP-hard problems. Many complex real-world applications require solving the GSP in graphs modeling the topology of the given problem, such as: the design of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits, the design of a minimal length irrigation network, and routing problems for wireless sensor networks. We show our design of a new algorithm based on an Ant Colony Optimization model to solve the GSP in general graphs. Our experimental results show that our method strongly outperforms the best other heuristic methods for GSP.
Evidence for variable outflows in the young stellar object V645 Cygni

Aims. As part of the Red MSX Source Survey of Massive Young Stellar Objects (MYSOs) we have conducted multi-wavelength follow up observations of the well-known object V645 Cygni. We present our data on this object, whose near-infrared spectrum is exceptional and place these in context with previous observations Methods. Our observations of V645 Cyg included near/mid infrared imaging observations, 13 CO 2−1 line observations and high signal-to-noise velocity resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. Results. The spectrum shows P-Cygni hydrogen Brackett emission, consistent with a high velocity stellar wind. A red-shifted emission component to a number of near-IR emission lines was also uncovered. This is associated with a similar component in the Hα line. V645 Cyg is also found to have variable CO first overtone bandhead emission. Conclusions. The data clearly indicate that the outflow of V645 Cyg is variable. The unidentified feature in a previously published optical spectrum is identified with a receding outflow at 2000 km s −1 . The nature of this feature, which is found in hydrogen and
Influence of social media marketing communications on young consumers’ attitudes

Purpose This paper aims to examine the influence of interactive social media marketing communications on teenagers’ cognitive, affective and behavioral attitude components in South Africa. The study also considers the impact of a number of additional factors such as usage (access, length of usage, log-on frequency, log-on duration and profile update incidence) and demographic (gender, age and population group) variables on young consumers’ attitudes toward social media marketing communications. Design/methodology/approach A survey was used via three self-administered questionnaires, which were distributed to over 13,000 learners in the age range of 13-18 years (Generation Z cohort) at colleges and high schools in South Africa. A generalized linear model was used for statistical data analysis. Findings The study ascertained that social media marketing communications had a positive on each attitude component among adolescents, but on a declining scale, which correlates to the purchase funnel. The results also revealed that teenagers who used social media for long time periods; updated their profiles frequently and were from the Colored and Black population groups, displayed the most favorable attitudinal responses to social media marketing communications. Research limitations/implications Social media was collectively analyzed and did not consider the number of different social media types, which could be examined individually. This investigation only considered the Generation Z cohort, but other cohorts to attitudes toward social media marketing communications could also be assessed. Practical implications Companies and their brands should consider using and/or adapting their strategies based on the declining impact of social media marketing communications on the hierarchical attitude stages among young consumers and the divergent influence on usage and demographic variables when targeting the lucrative and technologically advanced, but capricious, Generation Z consumers. Originality/value This research established that social media marketing communications had a favorable influence on cognitive, affective and behavioral attitude components among young consumers, but on a declining scale, which is in congruence with the purchase funnel model. This investigation also makes an important contribution to attitudinal research in developing countries, where there is a lack of research in social media marketing communications.
A Method and Tool for Predictive Event-Driven Process Analytics

Business value can be lost if a decision maker's action distance to the observation of a business event is too high. So far, two classes of information systems, which promise to assist decision makers, have been discussed inde- pendently from each other only: business intelligence systems that query histor- ic business event data in order to prepare predictions of future process behavior and real-time monitoring systems. This paper suggests using real-time data for predictions following an event-driven approach. A predictive event-driven pro- cess analytics (edPA) method is presented which integrates aspects from busi- ness activity monitoring and process intelligence. Needs for procedure integra- tion, metric quality, and the inclusion of actionable improvements are outlined. The method is implemented in the form of a software prototype and evaluated.
A new algorithm for overlapping community detection

Social networks exhibit an overlapping community structure. Detecting overlapping communities and overlapping nodes in social network is an active field of research. The algorithm OMO uses only the network structure to detect communities and does not require any external parameters. The proposed algorithm applies a novel genetic algorithm to cluster on nodes. A scalable encoding schema is designed and the number of communities can be automatically determined. Compared with the COPRA algorithm, experiments on four real networks validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.
Macroscopic organization of the cerebellum of the African giant pouched rat (Cricetomys gambianus - Waterhouse, 1840)

The degree of folding or foliation and its functional implication is one of the major difference in the cerebellar cortex of rodents. The enlargement / reduction of individual lobules is thought to account for their specific behavioural differences. The macroscopic anatomy of the cerebellum in ten mature African Giant pouched rats (AGPR) is detailed here for the first time. The results showed that the division of the cerebellum in this species followed the same general pattern of having three lobes (anterior, posterior and flocculonodular) lobes. Also on the ventral aspect, three cerebellar peduncles that connected the cerebellum to the brain stem were observed. The lobule VI and its principal lateral continuation corresponds to the lobulus simplex. The lateral extension of lobule VII corresponds to the well developed lobulus ansiformis, consisting of Crus I (crus rostrale), Crus II (crus caudale) and the anterior part of the lobulus paramedianus. The largest lobule in the anterior lobe is lobule V and it is subfoliated into Va, Vb, Vc and Vd by small fissures, while the smallest lobule is lobule I, which is not sublobulated. As for the posterior lobe, lobules VI and IX are the broadest and are sublobulated into five and three sublobules, respectively. Lobule X is subfoliated into two lobules, Xa and Xb, and it was observed to be the smallest of the posterior lobes. The primary fissure was the deepest and most prominent fissure, followed by the precuminate fissure, while the precentral fissure was the smallest. In conclusion, the well-developed ansiform lobe of Crus I and Crus II in AGPRs may help in the excellent climbing strategies and the manipulative use of the forelimbs in grasping objects.
Privacy as a Service in Digital Health

Privacy is a key challenge for continued digitalization of health. The forthcoming European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is transforming this challenge into regulatory directives. User consent provisioning and coordinating across data services will be the keys in addressing this challenge. We suggest a privacy-driven architecture that provides tools for providing user consent as a service. This enables managing and reusing private health information between a large amount of data sources, individuals and services, even when they are not known beforehand. The proposed architecture integrates data security and semantic descriptions into a trust query framework to provide the required interoperability and co-operation support for future health services. This approach provides benefits for all stakeholders through safer data management, cost and process savings, multi-provider services, and services based on emerging new business models.
Fingerprint indexing through sparse decomposition of ridge flow patches

In this paper, we propose a novel method for fingerprint indexing based on local patterns of ridge flow centered on minutiae. These local descriptors are projected on a learned dictionary of ridge flow patches, with a sparsity-inducing algorithm. We show that this sparse decomposition allows to replace the ridge flow patches by a compressed signature with a reduced loss of accuracy. We experimented the combination of these descriptors with the formerly known Minutiae Cylinder Code (MCC) descriptor, that provides another kind of local information. Then, we show that the combination of these descriptors performs well for fast nearest neighbor search algorithms based on Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH), and allows to either to improve the accuracy of the state-of-the-art algorithm, or to improve its computational efficiency.
Helicobacter pylori interstrain restriction-modification diversity prevents genome subversion by chromosomal DNA from competing strains.

Helicobacter pylori, bacteria that colonize the human gastric mucosa, possess a large number of genes for restriction-modification (R-M) systems, and essentially, every strain possesses a unique complement of functional and partial R-M systems. Nearly half of the H.pylori strains studied possess an active type IIs R-M system, HpyII, with the recognition sequence GAAGA. Recombination between direct repeats that flank the R-M cassette allows for its deletion whereas strains lacking hpyIIRM can acquire this cassette through natural transformation. We asked whether strains lacking HpyII R-M activity can acquire an active hpyIIRM cassette [containing a 1.4 kb kanamycin resistance (aphA) marker], whether such acquisition is DNase sensitive or resistant and whether restriction barriers limit acquisition of chromosomal DNA. Our results indicate that natural transformation and conjugation-like mechanisms may contribute to the transfer of large (4.8 kb) insertions of chromosomal DNA between H.pylori strains, that inactive or partial R-M systems can be reactivated upon recombination with a functional allele, consistent with their being contingency genes, and that H.pylori R-M diversity limits acquisition of chromosomal DNA fragments of >/=1 kb.
Reduced Complexity Soft MMSE MIMO Detector Architecture

Computing the soft LLR values in MMSE receivers of MIMO systems requires a very large complexity. In this paper, we propose a reduced complexity soft MMSE detector for MIMO systems. We use different complexity reductions techniques and propose an architecture based on the new reduced-complexity method. We also compare the complexity and show more than 2x complexity reduction using this method. We present complexity/performance tradeoffs to demonstrate the efficacy of our techniques. More importantly, these techniques give the receivers the flexibility to choose how accurately they perform the detection based on the available resources.
Condiciones de la política de impuestos para mantener la polarización y la desigualdad

La polarizacion es una medida que representa la desigualdad entre grupos. Una caracteristica de estos grupos es el nivel de identificacion grupal. Si no existiera tal identificacion, polarizacion y desigualdad coincidirian. Este trabajo muestra las condiciones que debe satisfacer una politica proporcional de impuestos para mantener el grado de polarizacion. La literatura muestra que la desigualdad se mantiene, sin embargo, para mantener la polarizacion, las politicas impositivas son especiales y son mas estrictas cuando el grado de identificacion grupal va en aumento. Destaca finalmente la creacion de politicas negativas para mantener la polarizacion, en particular llamadas subsidios.
Effects of a combined technique and agility program on youth soccer players’ skills

High-intensity actions with high technical demands heavily influence soccer game outcomes. While performance factors have been traditionally trained separately, a program combining agility and technique training was proposed, structured on artificial constraints (tapes) creating spatiotemporal restrictions. This repeated-measures study involved an experimental and a control group: 20 Under-12 sub-elite male soccer players were tested before and after a 22-weeks differentiated training intervention or the traditional training schedule. The proposed program produced higher performance improvements, compared to traditional training, in the Shuttle Sprint Test (two-way analysis of variance, factors: Group and Time, significant Group × Time interaction, P < 0.05) and in the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test execution time (−4.8%, P < 0.05). Both groups improved Slalom Dribbling Test performance (P < 0.001). We concluded that the proposed program could enhance performance in 180° change-of-direction and in the time to complete a controlling and passing dynamic task. The methodological implications of this study could be beneficial in improving youth soccer training effectiveness.
Established epigenetic modifications determine the expression of developmentally regulated globin genes in somatic cell hybrids

Somatic cell hybrids generated from transgenic mouse cells have been used to examine the developmental regulation of human gamma-to-beta-globin gene switching. In hybrids between mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and transgenic erythroblasts taken at various stages of development, there was regulated expression of the human fetal gamma and adult beta genes, reproducing the in vivo pattern prior to fusion. Hybrids formed from embryonic blood cells produced predominantly gamma mRNA, whereas beta gene expression was observed in adult hybrids and a complete range of intermediate patterns was found in fetal liver hybrids. The adult environment of the MEL cells, therefore, did not appear to influence selective transcription from this gene complex. Irradiation of the embryonic erythroid cells prior to fusion resulted in hybrids containing only small fragments of donor chromosomes, but the pattern of gene expression did not differ from that of unirradiated hybrids. This finding suggests that continued expression of trans-acting factors from the donor erythroblasts is not necessary for continued expression of the human gamma gene in MEL cells. These results contrast with the lack of developmental regulation of the cluster after transfection of naked DNA into MEL cells and suggest that epigenetic processes established during normal development result in the gene cluster adopting a developmental stage-specific, stable conformation which is maintained through multiple rounds of replication and transcription in the MEL cell hybrids. On prolonged culture, hybrids that initially expressed only the gamma transgene switched to beta gene expression. The time period of switching, from approximately 10 to > 40 weeks, was similar to that seen previously in human fetal erythroblast x MEL cell hybrids but in this case bore no relationship to the time of in vivo switching. It seems unlikely, therefore, that switching in these hybrids is regulated by a developmental clock.
IPSC Kinetics at Identified GABAergic and Mixed GABAergic and Glycinergic Synapses onto Cerebellar Golgi Cells

In the rat cerebellum, Golgi cells receive serotonin-evoked inputs from Lugaro cells (L-IPSCs), in addition to spontaneous inhibitory inputs (S-IPSCs). In the present study, we analyze the pharmacology of these IPSCs and show that S-IPSCs are purely GABAergic events occurring at basket and stellate cell synapses, whereas L-IPSCs are mediated by GABA and glycine. Corelease of the two transmitters at Lugaro cell synapses is suggested by the fact that both GABAA and glycine receptors open during individual L-IPSCs. Double immunocytochemical stainings demonstrate that GABAergic and glycinergic markers are coexpressed in Lugaro cell axonal varicosities, together with the mixed vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter. Lugaro cell varicosities are found apposed to glycine receptor (GlyR) clusters that are localized on Golgi cell dendrites and participate in postsynaptic complexes containing GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and the anchoring protein gephyrin. GABAAR and GlyR/gephyrin appear to form segregated clusters within individual postsynaptic loci. Basket and stellate cell varicosities do not face GlyR clusters. For the first time the characteristics of GABA and glycine cotransmission are compared with those of GABAergic transmission at identified inhibitory synapses converging onto the same postsynaptic neuron. The ratio of the decay times of L-IPSCs and of S-IPSCs is a constant value among Golgi cells. This indicates that, despite a high cell-to-cell variability of the overall IPSC decay kinetics, postsynaptic Golgi cells coregulate the kinetics of their two main inhibitory inputs. The glycinergic component of L-IPSCs is responsible for their slower decay, suggesting that glycinergic transmission plays a role in tuning the IPSC kinetics in neuronal networks.
Hierarchical Genetic Algorithms Operating on Populations of Computer Programs

Existing approaches to artificial intelligence problems such as sequence induction, automatic programming, machine learning, planning, and pattern recognition typically require specification in advance of the size and shape of the solution to the problem (often in a unnatural and difficult way). This paper reports on a new approach in which the size and shape of the solution to such problems is dynamically created using Darwinian principles of reproduction and survival of the fittest. Moreover, the resulting solution is inherently hierarchical. The paper describes computer experiments, using the author's 4341 line LISP program, in five areas of artifical intelligence, namely (1) sequence induction (e.g. inducing a computational procedure for the recursive Fibonacci sequence and inducing a computational procedure for a cubic polynomial sequence), (2) automatic programming (e.g. discovering a computational procedure for solving pairs of linear equations, solving quadratic equations for complex roots, and discovering trigonometric identities), (3) machine learning of functions (e.g. learning a Boolean multiplexer function previously studied in neural net and classifier system work and learning the exclusive-or and parity function), (4) planning (e.g. developing a robotic action sequence that can stack an arbitrary initial configuration of blocks into a specified order), and (5) pattern recognition (e.g. translation-invariant recognition of a simple one dimensional shape in a linear retina).