Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Analytics for Narrative Text - Visualizing Characters and their Relationships as Extracted from Novels

The study of novels and the analysis of their plot, characters and other entities are time-consuming and complex tasks in literary science. The digitization of literature and the proliferation of electronic books provide new opportunities to support these tasks with visual abstractions. Methods from the fields of computational linguistics can be used to automatically extract entities and their relations from digitized novels, which can then be visualized to ease exploration and analysis tasks. This paper presents a web-based approach that combines automatic analysis methods with effective visualization techniques. Different views on the extracted entities are provided and relations between them across the plot are indicated. Two usage scenarios show successful applications of the approach and demonstrate its benefits and limitations.
Estrategias de gestión de proveedores en la industria minera cuprífera de Chile

Dentro de la funcion abastecimiento y adquisiciones de las companias mineras en general, existe un reconocimiento explicito de que una compania de explotacion minera no puede sostener su competitividad y exito en un mercado global sin la ayuda de sus proveedores. Como consecuencia de esta apreciacion, varias de las companias mineras mas grandes de Chile y de America Latina han emprendido estrategias de administracion de proveedores (Supply Base Management o SBM). En general, la literatura de SBM discute varias etapas en el proceso de desarrollo de una base de proveedores de clase mundial. No obstante esta evidencia teorica, se percibe un deficit significativo en la literatura con respecto a la perspectiva del proveedor y a la forma en que es integrado en el proceso de SBM, cuestion tambien conocida como seleccion de proveedores. En ese contexto, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizarla relacion entre las empresas mineras y sus proveedores locales (en el pais), desde la perspectiva del proveedor. Con tal fin, fue realizada una investigacion empirica con cuestionario estructurado de preguntas abiertas y cerradas a los diferentes proveedores de las empresas. Mineras. Los resultados muestran que la perspectiva del proveedor puede revelar informacion significativa con respecto al nivel del flujo de informacion existente en la relacion comprador-proveedor, sobre flexibilidad del proveedor para adaptarse unilateralmente a los cambios contractuales y la dependencia del proveedor a los compradores. Esta informacion proporciona un input de informacion valioso para el proceso de decisiones asociado a la Implementacion de una estrategia SBM y en particular en la evaluacion y seleccion del proveedor.
Image quality evaluation

This paper is devoted to subjective and objective tests of image quality. The images were processed using different compressing algorithms (JPEG, KLT, Lura-wavelet) with compression ratio up to 100. After decompression they were tested on the quality changes. At first the subjective image quality test (DSCQS) was used. Then the objective quality test using the metric based on the human visual system was applied. Finally, a discussion of the results is presented.
QoS-OLSR protocol based on intelligent water drop for Vehicular ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we address the problem of MultiPoint Relay (MPR) node disconnection due to mobility in Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) using the cluster-based Quality of Service Optimized Link State Routing (QoS-OLSR) protocol. The protocol uses MPR nodes to establish communication among the clusters. MPR disconnection represents a major challenge in VANETs, due to the frequent change in the network topology. Consequently, the performance of the routing protocol will be weakened as it adversely affects the connectivity level of the network. Thus, our solution is a new cluster-based QoS-OLSR protocol based on intelligent water drop algorithm that is capable of (1) selecting the best set of MPR in terms of QoS (2) dealing with the MPR disconnection as it selects alternatives to assure a connected network (3) maintaining a reliable MPR failure management process. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model succeeds in improving the network connectivity and stability, reducing both the overhead and the path length, and increasing the packet delivery ratio compared to the original QoS-OLSR.
Bread consumption patterns in a Swedish national dietary survey focusing particularly on whole-grain and rye bread

Background Bread types with high contents of whole grains and rye are associated with beneficial health effects. Consumer characteristics of different bread consumption patterns are however not well known. Objective To compare bread consumption patterns among Swedish adults in relation to selected socio-demographic, geographic, and lifestyle-related factors. For selected consumer groups, the further aim is to investigate the intake of whole grains and the context of bread consumption, that is, where and when it is consumed. Design Secondary analysis was performed on bread consumption data from a national dietary survey (n=1,435). Respondents were segmented into consumer groups according to the type and amount of bread consumed. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to study how selected socio-demographic, geographic, and lifestyle-related factors were associated with the consumer groups. Selected consumption groups were compared in terms of whole-grain intake and consumption context. Consumption in different age groups was analysed more in detail. Results One-third of the respondents consumed mainly white bread. Socio-demographic, geographic, and healthy-lifestyle-related factors were associated with the bread type consumed. White bread consumption was associated with younger age groups, less education, children in the family, eating less fruit and vegetables, and more candy and snacks; the opposite was seen for mainly whole-grain bread consumers. Older age groups more often reported eating dry crisp bread, whole-grain bread, and whole-grain rye bread with sourdough whereas younger respondents reported eating bread outside the home, something that also mainly white bread eaters did. Low consumers of bread also consumed less whole grain in total. Conclusions Traditional bread consumption structures were observed, as was a transition among young consumers who more often consumed fast food bread and bread outside the home, as well as less rye and whole-grain bread. Target groups for communication strategies and product development of more sensorily attractive rye or whole-grain-rich bread should be younger age groups (18–30 years), families with children, and groups with lower educational levels.
2. Introduction

Cdc7 executes its essential function early in S phase and is counteracted by checkpoint-regulated protein phosphatase 1. Subject Area: cellular biology/biochemistry/molecular biology Xenopus Cdc7 executes its essential function early in S phase and is counteracted by checkpoint-regulated protein phosphatase 1 The initiation of DNA replication requires two protein kinases: cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) and Cdc7. Although S phase Cdk activity has been intensively studied, relatively little is known about how Cdc7 regulates progression through S phase. We have used a Cdc7 inhibitor, PHA-767491, to dissect the role of Cdc7 in Xenopus egg extracts. We show that hyperphosphorylation of mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins by Cdc7 is required for the initiation, but not for the elongation, of replication forks. Unlike Cdks, we demonstrate that Cdc7 executes its essential functions by phosphorylating MCM proteins at virtually all replica-tion origins early in S phase and is not limiting for progression through the Xenopus replication timing programme. We demonstrate that protein phos-phatase 1 (PP1) is recruited to chromatin and rapidly reverses Cdc7-mediated MCM hyperphosphorylation. Checkpoint kinases induced by DNA damage or replication inhibition promote the association of PP1 with chromatin and increase the rate of MCM dephosphorylation, thereby counteracting the previously completed Cdc7 functions and inhibiting replication initiation. This novel mechanism for regulating Cdc7 function provides an explanation for previous contradictory results concerning the control of Cdc7 by checkpoint kinases and has implications for the use of Cdc7 inhibitors as anti-cancer agents. In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication occurs through a series of ordered events beginning with the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC) to DNA. Cdc6 and Cdt1 are assembled onto ORC and promote the loading of a double hex-amer of the mini-chromosome maintenance 2–7 (MCM) complex around origin DNA. This forms the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) and licenses the origin for replication in the subsequent S phase [1–5]. The firing of licensed origins during S phase is triggered by two S phase promoting kinases, Cdk and Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase (DDK), which promote assembly of the Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) replicative helicase [6].
Human Mitochondrial Transcription Factor B1 Interacts with the C-Terminal Activation Region of h-mtTFA and Stimulates Transcription Independently of Its RNA Methyltransferase Activity

ABSTRACT A significant advancement in understanding mitochondrial gene expression is the recent identification of two new human mitochondrial transcription factors, h-mtTFB1 and h-mtTFB2. Both proteins stimulate transcription in collaboration with the high-mobility group box transcription factor, h-mtTFA, and are homologous to rRNA methyltransferases. In fact, the dual-function nature of h-mtTFB1 was recently demonstrated by its ability to methylate a conserved rRNA substrate. Here, we demonstrate that h-mtTFB1 binds h-mtTFA both in HeLa cell mitochondrial extracts and in direct-binding assays via an interaction that requires the C-terminal tail of h-mtTFA, a region necessary for transcriptional activation. In addition, point mutations in conserved methyltransferase motifs of h-mtTFB1 revealed that it stimulates transcription in vitro independently of S-adenosylmethionine binding and rRNA methyltransferase activity. Furthermore, one mutation (G65A) eliminated the ability of h-mtTFB1 to bind DNA yet did not affect transcriptional activation. These results, coupled with the observation that h-mtTFB1 and human mitochondrial RNA (h-mtRNA) polymerase can also be coimmunoprecipitated, lead us to propose a model in which h-mtTFA demarcates mitochondrial promoter locations and where h-mtTFB proteins bridge an interaction between the C-terminal tail of h-mtTFA and mtRNA polymerase to facilitate specific initiation of transcription. Altogether, these data provide important new insight into the mechanism of transcription initiation in human mitochondria and indicate that the dual functions of h-mtTFB1 can be separated.
Conduct Problems in Childhood and Psychosocial Outcomes in Young Adulthood

The associations between parental and teacher reports of conduct problems at age 8 and a range of psychosocial outcomes at age 18 (e.g., educational achievement, juvenile offending, substance abuse/dependence, mental health problems) were examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Young people who showed conduct problems at age 8 had elevated rates of educational underachievement, juvenile offending, substance abuse/dependence, and mental health problems at age 18. Adjustment for a range of confounding factors, including social disadvantage, attentional difficulties, and IQ, substantially reduced the associations between early conduct problems and educational outcomes at age 18. However, after adjustment for confounding factors, young people with conduct problems at age 8 had higher rates of juvenile offending, substance abuse/dependence, and mental health problems at age 18. Subsequent analyses that examined factors contributing to continuities and discontinuities in behavior identified poor parental attachment, early substance use behaviors, and the extent to which the individual affiliated with delinquent or substance-using peers during adolescence as being associated with continuities in disruptive behaviors.
Specters of Finance: Limits of Knowledge and the Politics of Crisis

The recent financial crisis has shaken not only trading markets, but the conviction that the rule of experts reigns in a knowledge society. Instead, the class that was based on a social compact of autonomous control over specialized domains of expertise—the professional managerial class, has seen that capacity come undone. Finance has unleashed an extensive managerialism that has compromised professional autonomy as it has associated professionals under the sign of it’s chief innovative force, the derivative. The derivative logic applies as much to labor as to capital, as much to countermobilization as to dominance, as much to generative interdependence as to expropriating enclosure, how might we begin to recognize and revalue what is otherwise most typically described as a baleful situation for a politics of the social? While arbitrage may seem the apotheosis of anomie, of monadic self-interest, the actions of hedging have manifestly deepened the extent to which what some are able to do is contingent upon what others have done. If knowledge is increasingly required, but unable to master its environment, what might be managed on behalf of one another? The limits to knowledge in this key, pose a challenge to the politics of scarcity that rubrics of performance, profitability, productivity, mastery, and excellence impose.
Using fuzzy cognitive maps to model university desirability and selection

Predicting the desirability and number of student applications to universities is a challenging and dynamic undertaking. Student applications are affected by a variety of factors ranging from those related to the university itself and its surrounding community, to factors up to the national level, including perceptions of international relations. This paper proposes a way of modeling this complex task and the related decision-making using fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM). The process includes determination of the key concepts and factors affecting the desirability of a university for a representative set of cohort groups. Cohort groups allow us to reuse model concepts and linguistic variables while customizing the relationships to create a custom, dynamic model based on a variety of target population subsets. This paper introduces a reusable process for developing models based on cohort groups, and presents three customized FCM models that can be used to explore a range of possibilities and provide a FCM model for prediction and planning concerning university desirability and selection.
“Terrorism” as total violence?

This article defends the idea that terrorism, to which the term ‘total violence’ will be preferred, namely a deliberate strategy of blind violence against the civilian population accord-ing to the principle of disjunction between victims (‘non-combatants‘, ‘the innocent’) and target (a government or other authority), is the civilian version of the extreme violence that is in most cases used by states. It identifies three processes that go to explain the emergence of this new form of violence. First, the historical process of the ideologisation and mythification of warfare, which permitted a substantial unleashing of state violence during the twentieth century and its civil society counterpart, arbi-trary murder. Second, due prominence must be given in the analysis of violence to the purely technological factor, namely the new military and communication resources that hugely increase human capacity for destruction and its resultant terror effects. Lastly, there is an anthropological dimension, which, in the aggressor's relationship with the victim, places total violence in the category of extreme violence, as the conclusion of an a priori paradoxical linkage between the terrifying instrumentalisation of victims and the near mystical exaltation of their sacrifice.
All-Polarization Maintaining Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Evanescent Field Interaction With Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Saturable Absorber

We implemented a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based saturable absorber (SA) that evanescently interacts with light on a side-polished polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) platform. A high-quality SWCNT/polymer composite was spin-coated onto a side-polished PMF embedded in a quartz block, where the slow optical birefringence axis of the PMF was perpendicular to the polished surface. The fabricated in-line SA had an insertion loss of -1.5 dB with a modulation depth of 0.5% for the polarization direction associated with the transvers magnetic mode. An all-PMF laser was built using the fabricated in-line SA to demonstrate self-starting, turn-key operation of Er-doped, all-fiber lasers delivering stable scalar soliton pulses. The measured 3-dB spectral bandwidth and pulse duration of the laser output were 5.1 nm and 510 fs, respectively, resulting in a time-bandwidth product of 0.320. We examined the polarization state of the soliton fiber laser output and found that the laser stably generated linearly polarized ultrashort pulses with a polarization extinction ratio of -18.4 dB.
Long-term ecological dynamics: reciprocal insights from natural and anthropogenic gradients

Many ecological dynamics occur over time-scales that are well beyond the duration of conventional experiments or observations. One useful approach to overcome this problem is extrapolation of temporal dynamics from spatial variation. We review two complementary variants of this approach that have been of late increasingly employed: the use of natural gradients to infer anthropogenic effects and the use of anthropogenic gradients to infer natural dynamics. Recent studies have considered a variety of naturally occurring gradients associated with climate, CO2, disturbance and biodiversity gradients, as well as anthropogenic gradients such as those created by biological invasions, habitat fragmentation and land abandonment. These studies show that natural gradients are useful in predicting long-term consequences of human-induced environmental changes, whereas anthropogenic gradients are helpful in inferring the mechanisms behind natural dynamics because covarying factors are often more clearly understood in anthropogenic gradients than in natural gradients. We classify these studies into several categories, each with different strengths and weaknesses, and outline how the limitations can be overcome by combining the gradient-based approach with other approaches. Overall, studies reviewed here demonstrate that the development of basic ecological concepts and the application of these concepts to environmental problems can be more effective when conducted complementarily than when pursued separately.
The emerging role of glutamate in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE Research has implicated dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This review evaluates evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that brain glutamatergic neurotransmission is altered in schizophrenia, may affect symptom expression, and is modulated by antipsychotic drugs. METHOD A comprehensive review of scientific articles published over the last decade that address the role of glutamate in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia was carried out. RESULTS Glutamatergic neurons are the major excitatory pathways linking the cortex, limbic system, and thalamus, regions that have been implicated in schizophrenia. Postmortem studies have revealed alterations in pre- and postsynaptic markers for glutamatergic neurons in several brain regions in schizophrenia. The N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptor may be particularly important as blockade of this receptor by the dissociative anesthetics reproduces in normal subjects the symptomatic manifestations of schizophrenia, including negative symptoms and cognitive impairments, and increases dopamine release in the mesolimbic system. Agents that indirectly enhance NMDA receptor function via the glycine modulatory site reduce negative symptoms and variably improve cognitive functioning in schizophrenic subjects receiving typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission may play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially of the negative symptoms and cognitive impairments associated with the disorder, and is a promising target for drug development.
The Meaning of Housing: A Pathways Approach

This book offers a fresh new approach to the study of housing. It explores the meaning that housing has for individuals and households by examining 'housing pathways'. Housing pathways refer to the varying household forms that individuals experience and the housing routes that they take over time. The book argues that housing has increasingly become a means to an end rather than an end in itself. The end is personal fulfilment and the main task of housing research is to elucidate the links. In this pursuit, the concepts of identity and lifestyle are key. Specifically, the book examines the structure and functioning of households and links this to changing discourses of the family; explores the important interconnections between housing and employment; considers the relationship between people and the physical aspects of a house and its location; looks at housing in terms of lifestyle choice from youth to old age and discusses the implications of the pathways approach for housing policy and future research in the field. The meaning of housing is recommended to anyone researching and studying housing and particularly to those wishing to engage with the new research agenda set out here.
The relationship between perceived organizational support and proactive behaviour directed towards the organization

Numerous studies have shown that perceived organizational support has positive consequences on both employees and organizations. However, no study has examined the causal relationship between perceived organizational support and proactive behaviour directed towards the organization and few studies have identified potential mechanisms underlying this relationship. We first investigated the direction of causality between perceived organizational support and proactive behaviour, and hypothesized that perceived organizational support leads to proactive behaviour directed towards the organization. Second, based on social exchange and motivational perspectives, we examined two potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, i.e., felt obligation and work engagement. Employees from a Belgian Federal Public Service were invited to take part in a three-wave longitudinal survey. Using a cross-lagged panel design, our results (N = 1963) revealed that Time 2 perceived organizational support was positively related to Time 3 proactive behaviour towards the organization, whereas the reverse was not true. Additionally, our results (N = 1293) showed that Time 2 felt obligation and Time 2 work engagement mediated the positive relationship between Time 1 perceived organizational support and Time 3 proactive behaviour directed towards the organization.