Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Banff 2003 Meeting Report: New Diagnostic Insights and Standards

The Seventh Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology was held June 14–18, 2003 in Aberdeen, Scotland representing the latest iteration of the international consensus meeting, which develops worldwide standards for interpretation of allograft biopsies. The meeting is an important force behind standardized slide interpretation to strengthen endpoints in international clinical trials. Of participants polled 87% reported that they would alter clinical practice as a direct consequence of the meeting and its content. Advances were made in many areas including tubulitis mechanisms, real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) gene analysis and microarrays in rejection diagnosis, tolerance/accommodation/immunomodulation, the role of monocytes and macrophages in rejection and C4d as a marker for antibody‐mediated rejection. A provisional scoring system for peritubular capillary inflammatory cell accmulation in antibody‐mediated rejection was presented for testing, as well as plans for a nephrectomy study to determine specificity of vascular lesions of rejection. Future meetings are planned for 2005 (Edmonton), 2007 and 2009, with active ongoing Internet discussion between meetings.
Effects of Antilymphocyte Serum on Virus Oncogenesis

Summary Repeated injections of rabbit antiserum against the lymphoid cells of mouse thynius (ALS) were found to increase markedly the evidence of tumors in resistant strains of mice neonatally infected with polyoma virus. In this system the effects of ALS are similar to those of early thymectomy. The BALB/c mice receiving repeated injections of ALS and infected intraperitoneally with Moloney leukemogenic virus (MLV) when 21 days old showed an increased incidence of lymphoid neoplasms as compared to that in untreated controls infected at the same age. The majority of tumors in the treated animals were reticulum cell sarcomas, type A, developing subcutaneously at the site of injection of the ALS 3-6 weeks after infection with MLV. Early thymectomy markedly decreased the incidence of leukemias in BALB/c mice infected with MLV when 3 weeks old. In this system the effects of ALS are the opposite of those produced by thymectomy. It is concluded that the thymic elements required for neoplastic conversion by MLV are not eliminated by ALS, which may alter the pathology of the induced tumors by a combination of immunosuppression and capacity to stimulate the proliferation of primitive lymphoid cells.
Teaching Reading by Syllables.

histories of reading instruction tell us that the smallest unit of pronounce able speech, the syllable, was used for this purpose before reading instruc tion divided words into their separate speech sounds (Mathews, 1966). Hu mankind used pictographs (pictorial symbols for ideas) and then logo graphs (abbreviated symbols for the meanings of words) even before it used the syllable, or finally the alphabet. Since individual human behavior seems to recapitulate the historic cultural development out of which it evolved, it is not strange to learn that young children today learn (a) to segment words from sentences, (b) to segment syllables from words, and (c) to segment speech sounds (pho nemes) from either syllables or words, in this order (Fox and Routh, 1975; Liberman et al., 1974; Rozin and Gleitman, 1977). Considering the fact that young children can identify the syllables in words before they can segment the phonemes, some reading experts have asked: Would it not be reasonable to teach beginning read ers syllable-phoneme correspon dences before letter-phoneme corre spondences? There are two kinds of syllables in English that children can be taught to recognize and use when learning to read: closed and open. Closed sylla bles end in consonant sounds, e.g., hat, hate. Open syllables end in vowel
Szkoła jako wspólnota? : szkolny kapitał społeczny a wyniki egzaminu gimnazjalnego

The aim of this paper is to verify the methodology of measuring social capital in the research conducted by the representatives of territorial self-governments in the Wielkopolska region. The research was conducted in six intentionally selected powiats (administrative districts) of this Voivodeship; five compared and one comparative accepted as a model. The aim of this paper was achieved using the direct interview questionnaire method. Empirical data was compared using the statistical methods (correlation, classification, principal components) and comparative profiles and visualizations. The results of this analysis made it possible to confirm the usefulness of those methods in reaching the goal of this paper and to verify the working hypotheses. The implemented methods made it possible to: measure the level and structure of social capital; identify the size of social capital’s gap and identify the key attributes of social capital.
Formal Analysis of Services Compatibility

In this paper we propose an approach to check the compatibility of two services. The models of the services are built in Finite State Machine (FSM) and the behavior of services is described with the process of Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP). An operator named corresponding position concurrency is defined to facilitate the calculation of composability of the paths which are obtained from processes, thus we can determine whether the two services are compatible or not. Simple examples are introduced to illustrate how to use this approach.
Evolution and Development of the Mammalian Cerebral Cortex

Comparative developmental studies of the mammalian brain can identify key changes that can generate the diverse structures and functions of the brain. We have studied how the neocortex of early mammals became organized into functionally distinct areas, and how the current level of cortical cellular and laminar specialization arose from the simpler premammalian cortex. We demonstrate the neocortical organization in early mammals, which helps to elucidate how the large, complex human brain evolved from a long line of ancestors. The radial and tangential enlargement of the cortex was driven by changes in the patterns of cortical neurogenesis, including alterations in the proportions of distinct progenitor types. Some cortical cell populations travel to the cortex through tangential migration whereas others migrate radially. A number of recent studies have begun to characterize the chick, mouse and human and nonhuman primate cortical transcriptome to help us understand how gene expression relates to the development and anatomical and functional organization of the adult neocortex. Although all mammalian forms share the basic layout of cortical areas, the areal proportions and distributions are driven by distinct evolutionary pressures acting on sensory and motor experiences during the individual ontogenies.
Knowledge Compilation Properties of Tree-of-BDDs

We present a CNF to Tree-of-BDDs (ToB) compiler with complexity at most exponential in the tree width. We then present algorithms for interesting queries on ToB. Although some of the presented query algorithms are in the worst case exponential in the tree width, our experiments show that ToB can answer non-trivial queries like clausal entailment in reasonable time for several realistic instances. While our ToB-tool compiles all the used 91 instances, d-DNNF compilation failed for 12 or 8 of them based on the decomposition heuristic used. Also, on the succeeded instances, a d-DNNF is up to 1000 times larger than the matching ToB. The ToB compilations are often an order of magnitude faster than the d-DNNF compilation. This makes ToB a quite interesting knowledge compilation form.
A Proposal for a Scientifically-Informed and Instrumentalist Account of Free Will and Voluntary Action

The ability to choose freely is captured under the umbrella concept of “free will,” which designates an ability that plays a crucial role in most understandings of autonomy and responsibility and, thus, bears significance for moral practice and moral theory. Some claim that neuroscience research challenges the existence of free will/voluntary action while some who adopt stronger eliminativist stances have gone as far as describing free will as an illusion. Contrary to that, those relying on realist stances have restated the foundational value and role of folk psychological concepts of voluntary action and free will in, for example, the domains of ethics and law. An emerging body of research in cognitive science and social psychology has generated results suggesting that the phenomena captured by the concepts describing free will and voluntary action are dynamic and responsive to priming and framing effects. We propose that this body of research suggests the existence of dynamic and consequential properties of free will better captured following pragmatist theory and instrumentalist epistemology. This contrasts the simpler static concept of free will and the related metaphysics that was at the basis of earlier debates and structured around the poles of realism and eliminativism. This paper contextualizes ontological and epistemological debates about free will, describes a scientifically-informed and instrumentalist account of the concept of free will and voluntary action consistent with recent research in cognitive science, and discusses its implications for research (e.g., theoretical assumptions of research paradigms, interdisciplinary research) and practice (e.g., impact on self-image and social behavior).
Age-Related Performance in a Multiple-Task Environment

Younger and older adult participants performed a dynamic multiple-task requiring concurrent processing of 4 independent tasks. Component-task performance emphasis (i.e., task priorities) was biased by differential point allocations across task components. After training, the point structure was modified. Older adults exhibited larger multiple-task performance deficits compared with younger adults; however, the age-related gap in multiple-task performance decreased with practice. The age-related performance difference increased again when task emphasis was changed, but not when demands were changed. Consistent with the training data, the age-related differences diminished again with additional experience on this new task-component emphasis. The data suggest that higher-order, strategic processing may be an important source of age-related differences in complex multiple-task performance. Actual or potential applications of this research include the facilitation of techniques for age-related comprehensive usability testing for products of even moderate complexity
Clustering 100,000 Protein Structure Decoys in Minutes

Ab initio protein structure prediction methods first generate large sets of structural conformations as candidates (called decoys), and then select the most representative decoys through clustering techniques. Classical clustering methods are inefficient due to the pairwise distance calculation, and thus become infeasible when the number of decoys is large. In addition, the existing clustering approaches suffer from the arbitrariness in determining a distance threshold for proteins within a cluster: a small distance threshold leads to many small clusters, while a large distance threshold results in the merging of several independent clusters into one cluster. In this paper, we propose an efficient clustering method through fast estimating cluster centroids and efficient pruning rotation spaces. The number of clusters is automatically detected by information distance criteria. A package named ONION, which can be downloaded freely, is implemented accordingly. Experimental results on benchmark data sets suggest that ONION is 14 times faster than existing tools, and ONION obtains better selections for 31 targets, and worse selection for 19 targets compared to SPICKER's selections. On an average PC, ONION can cluster 100,000 decoys in around 12 minutes.
Levosimendan in daily intensive care practice--the experience of 15 centers. Background, methods and organization of the PORTLAND study.

INTRODUCTION The LIDO and RUSSLAN trials showed that levosimendan was well tolerated and had a stronger hemodynamic effect than dobutamine and a positive impact on prognosis. There are, however, few data regarding its effectiveness and safety when used in an everyday clinical setting. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that in day-to-day practice conditions levosimendan is both effective and safe for the treatment of decompensated heart failure (HF). This primary combined endpoint of effectiveness and safety was evaluated at 24 hours and 5 days after the beginning of the treatment. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized clinical trial with evaluations at baseline, 24 hours, 5 days, and 3 and 6 months. Follow-up for 6 months. SETTING The intensive care units of 15 cardiology or internal medicine departments. PATIENTS 129 consecutive patients requiring inotropes due to decompensated systolic HF despite maximally tolerated oral therapy. INTERVENTION 24-hour infusion of levosimendan via a central or peripheral vein. MEASUREMENTS AND EVALUATION OF RESULTS: 1. Monitoring: Continuous ECG monitoring, non-invasive blood pressure, urinary output, oximetry. Invasive monitoring was not required. 2. Follow-up. Baseline evaluation: history, physical examination, ECG, 2D echocardiogram, hemogram, ionogram, liver and kidney function. 24-hour and 5-day evaluations: symptoms, physical examination, recording of medical therapy and previous 24-hour urinary output, ECG, hemogram, ionogram, liver and kidney function, and evaluation of arrhythmic episodes and heart rate and blood pressure trends in previous 24 hours. 3- and 6-month evaluations: number of hospital admissions and length of hospital stay due to HF, and mortality. 3. Evaluation of primary endpoint. EFFECTIVENESS assessed by a clinical score including 2 subjective parameters (1. NYHA functional class, 2. patient self-evaluation symptom class) and 6 objective parameters (3. body weight, 4. pulmonary congestion, 5. previous 24-hour diuresis, 6. serum creatinine, 7. oral HF medication, 8. intravenous HF medication). Definition of clinical effectiveness: improvement in > or = 1 subjective parameters plus improvement in > or = 1 objective parameters, with all other parameters unchanged. SAFETY The therapy was judged safe in the absence of any serious adverse event with a probable or undetermined causal relationship with levosimendan. Primary endpoint evaluation: Patients reached the primary endpoint when levosimendan was both effective and safe according to the above definitions.
Ineffective erythropoiesis and regulation of iron status in iron loading anaemias

The definition ‘iron loading anaemias’ encompasses a group of inherited and acquired anaemias characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, low hepcidin levels, excessive iron absorption and secondary iron overload. Non‐transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassaemia is the paradigmatic example of these conditions that include dyserythropoietic and sideroblastic anaemias and some forms of myelodysplasia. Interrupting the vicious cycle between ineffective erythropoiesis and iron overload may be of therapeutic benefit in all these diseases. Induction of iron restriction by means of transferrin infusions, minihepcidins or manipulation of the hepcidin pathway prevents iron overload, redistributes iron from parenchymal cells to macrophage stores and partially controls anaemia in β‐thalassaemic mice. Inhibition of ineffective erythropoiesis by activin ligand traps improves anaemia and iron overload in the same models. Targeting iron loading or ineffective erythropoiesis shows promise in preclinical studies; activin ligand traps are in clinical trials with promising results and may be useful in patients with ineffective erythropoiesis.
The Complexity of HCP in Digraps with Degree Bound Two

The Hamiltonian cycle problem (HCP) in digraphs D with degree bound two is solved by two mappings in this paper. The first bijection is between an incidence matrix C_{nm} of simple digraph and an incidence matrix F of balanced bipartite undirected graph G; The second mapping is from a perfect matching of G to a cycle of D. It proves that the complexity of HCP in D is polynomial, and finding a second non-isomorphism Hamiltonian cycle from a given Hamiltonian digraph with degree bound two is also polynomial. Lastly it deduces P=NP base on the results.
Chemistry and safety of triclosan, and its use as an antimicrobial coating on Coated VICRYL* Plus Antibacterial Suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan).

BACKGROUND The safety of the antimicrobial agent triclosan was reviewed, and the biocompatibility of coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan was evaluated. METHODS Acute single exposure LD(50) values for triclosan were determined in multiple species by several routes of administration. Subacute to chronic toxicity for dermal and oral exposure to triclosan was determined in multiple species in studies of up to one year's duration. Chronic oral toxicity/carcinogenicity potential was determined in 2-year studies in rodents and non-rodents. The genotoxicity potential of triclosan was determined using a battery of standard assays. Reproductive toxicity and teratology studies were conducted in rodents and non-rodents. Immunotoxicity studies in guinea pigs and the repeat-insult patch test in humans were conducted to assess the potential for sensitization reactions. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in animals and humans to understand the metabolic profile of triclosan. Preclinical biocompatibility studies conducted on coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan included in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo intracutaneous reactivity, material-mediated pyrogenicity, and intramuscular tissue reaction/absorption studies. RESULTS The oral LD(50) values for triclosan ranged from 3,750 to 5,000 mg/kg, whereas the LD(50) after subcutaneous injection was >14,600 mg/kg. Safety factors calculated from repeated daily dosing studies ranged from 1,000 to 25,000 times the no-observed-effect levels. There was no evidence of carcinogenic potential in either species, and genotoxicity studies were negative. Reproductive toxicity studies did not reveal any evidence of teratogenic potential. There was no evidence of skin sensitization potential in controlled studies. Pharmacokinetic studies in animals and humans have shown that triclosan is rapidly absorbed, well distributed in the body, metabolized in the liver, and excreted by the kidneys, with no indication of accumulation over time. Biocompatibility studies showed that coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan was non-cytotoxic, non-irritating, and not a chemical pyrogen. In addition, an intramuscular implantation study demonstrated a tissue reaction, a healing response, and an absorption profile comparable to current polyglactin 910 suture. CONCLUSION The extensive toxicology database supporting the safety of triclosan and the biocompatibility studies conducted on coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan demonstrate the safety of this suture for clinical use. Considering the clinical relevance of surgical site infections and the relatively low level of triclosan required to inhibit bacterial colonization of the suture, the use of this antimicrobial technology is well suited to this application.
ANTESEDEN PENERIMAAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PROFESI AUDIT INTERNAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (Studi Empiris pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat di Jawa Tengah)

This research is purposed to analyze and find empirical study the effect of organizational factor, social factor, individual factor toward perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, the effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use toward attitude toward using and behavioral intention to use, the effect of behavioral intention to use toward system usage. Population in this research are all the internal auditors that worked at public credit banking. Sample of this research are internal auditors that worked at public credit banking company in Central Java and willing to complete the questionnaires also minimal have worked 1 years. The analysis data used is PLS program. Based on the result and discussion, the conclusion are: (1) Organizational factor did not affect perceived usefulness. (2) Organizational factor positively affect perceived ease of use. (3) Social factors did not affect perceived usefulness. (4) Social factors positively affect perceived ease of use. (5) Individual factors positively affect perceived usefulness. (6) Individual factors positively affect perceived ease of use. (7) Perceived ease of use positively affect perceived usefulness. (8) Perceived usefulness positively affect attitude toward using. (9)Perceived ease of use positively affect attitude toward using. (10)Attitude toward using positively affect behavioral intention to use. (11) Behavioral intention to use did not affect system usage. (12)Perceived usefulness positively affect system usage.
Megakaryocytes from CYCS mutation‐associated thrombocytopenia release platelets by both proplatelet‐dependent and ‐independent processes

Thrombocytopenia Cargeeg is a rare autosomal dominant disorder and one of three thrombocytopenias caused by mutation of cytochrome c (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man entry THC4). Our previous observations of platelet‐like structures in the marrow space and early platelet production in vitro suggested that the low platelet phenotype in Thrombocytopenia Cargeeg subjects is caused by premature release of platelets into non‐vascular regions of the bone marrow. We now show that two processes of platelet release occur in Thrombocytopenia Cargeeg subjects. Circulating platelets have a normal marginal microtubule coil, and cultured megakaryocytes derived from peripheral blood cells of Thrombocytopenia Cargeeg subjects form proplatelets normally and release platelets containing a marginal microtubule coil, consistent with effective platelet release via the proplatelet mechanism. In contrast, platelet‐like structures within the extravascular bone marrow space have the dimensions of platelets but lack the marginal microtubule coil, suggesting abnormal proplatelet‐independent platelet release. The mechanism of extravascular platelet release remains unclear. The failure to recapitulate this mechanism in vitro implies that the phenotype is not simply an intrinsic property of CYCS mutation‐carrying megakaryocytes, but is dependent on the interaction between these cells and their environment.
Hollywood adaptations of comic books in a post-9/11 context: the economic and cultural factors

Depuis la sortie de Jaws (Steven Spielberg, 1975) puis celle de Star Wars (George Lucas, 1977), l’industrie hollywoodienne s’est surtout concentree sur la production de blockbusters essentiellement destines a un jeune public. L’article va d’abord montrer qu’adapter a l’ecran les aventures de super-heros americains est une formule tres interessante pour Hollywood car ces aventures semblent faites pour devenir des blockbusters. L’article va ensuite montrer que ces adaptations rencontrent egalement un certain succes car le contexte s’y prete ; les super-heros, tels qu’ils sont presentes, interessent en effet les spectateurs dans un contexte post-11 septembre que l’on ne peut ignorer.