Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Neuropsychology of Frontal Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Semantic Dementia. Introduction to the Special Topic Papers: Part II

The second part of this review, which accompanies 10 special topic articles dedicated to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), describes some of the advances in understanding frontal variant FTD (fvFTD) and semantic dementia, and the theoretical insights gained into normal cognitive processes from the study of these syndromes. Recent work has clarified the neuropsychiatric features that distinguish fvFTD from Alzheimer’s and has begun to spread light on the underlying deficits in social judgement, theory of mind, processing of emotional stimuli and decision making. With regard to central aspects of cognitive processing, such as memory, patients with fvFTD may have a distinctive profile of performance on tests of explicit and implicit memory, and contrary to current views some patients may even have a severe amnesic syndrome. There is also growing evidence that despite relatively well preserved general language skills, patients with fvFTD have particular problems with verb processing. Although there is agreement regarding the key features of semantic dementia, much controversy has surrounded the issue of whether the cognitive findings favour an explanation in terms of progressive breakdown of a central amodal semantic store or differential involvement of verbal and non-verbal systems. Other topics discussed include the impact of semantic breakdown on phonological processes and episodic memory. We also review recent structural and functional neuroimaging findings in semantic dementia.
Rehabilitation of attention disorders : a literature review

Impairments of attentional functions are very frequent and can be expected to occur in 80% of all braindamaged patients (van Zomeren, Brouwer and Deelman, 1984). Impairements give rise to a specific problem per se by slowing down the patient's reactions in everyday life, increasing irritability, and, especially after damage of the right cerebral hemisphere, by leading to a complete neglect of one intraand/or extrapersonal lateral space. Attentional deficits may impair the efficacy of rehabilitation of other cognitive functions. Wood and Eames (1981) have pointed out that patients with severely impaired attentional functions profit least from rehabilitation programmes.
Privacy-preserving outsourcing support vector machines with random transformation

Outsourcing the training of support vector machines (SVM) to external service providers benefits the data owner who is not familiar with the techniques of the SVM or has limited computing resources. In outsourcing, the data privacy is a critical issue for some legal or commercial reasons since there may be sensitive information contained in the data. Existing privacy-preserving SVM works are either not applicable to outsourcing or weak in security. In this paper, we propose a scheme for privacy-preserving outsourcing the training of the SVM without disclosing the actual content of the data to the service provider. In the proposed scheme, the data sent to the service provider is perturbed by a random transformation, and the service provider trains the SVM for the data owner from the perturbed data. The proposed scheme is stronger in security than existing techniques, and incurs very little redundant communication and computation cost.
An immunodominant epitope on DNA topoisomerase I is conformational in nature: heterogeneity in its recognition by systemic sclerosis sera.

OBJECTIVE To characterize an immunodominant epitope recognized by anti-DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) antibody, a major autoantibody in sera of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Topo I fragments were generated as fusion proteins using a bacterial expression system as well as polypeptides translated in vitro using a eukaryotic expression system. Reactivities to the 2 preparations of recombinant topo I polypeptides in anti-topo I-positive sera from SSc patients of varied ethnic backgrounds were examined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The fragment encoding amino acids 489-573 of topo I was recognized by 98 of 100 anti-topo I-positive SSc sera. Both carboxyl- and amino-terminal deletion studies as well as competitive inhibition assays using topo I synthetic peptides showed that a region of > or =52 amino acids (512-563) was necessary for recognition by anti-topo I antibodies. The minimum epitope region and conformation required for this reactivity were variable among sera from Caucasian, African American, Japanese, and Choctaw SSc patients. CONCLUSION An immunodominant epitope recognized by anti-topo I autoantibody is located in the region of amino acids 489-573 of the topo I protein and is largely conformational in nature. The recognition pattern of this region by anti-topo I-positive sera is heterogeneous and is influenced by ethnic background.
Emotional Expressions Related to Reversal Coordination Psychological Mechanisms

Examine the psychological mechanisms generated by reversal coordination behaviors related to different emotional expressions. Methods: 32 college students were tested to complete reversal learning tasks related to different expressions. Results: Reaction time of reversal task is evidently higher than reaction time of repetitive task (F (1, 31) = 4.59, P <0.05), while accuracy rate of reversal task is evidently lower than accuracy rate of repetitive task (F (1, 31) = 8.73, P <0.05). Reversal task reaction time of angry face is higher than that of happy, sad, and neutral face (F (3, 93) = 4.92, P <0.05), while the accuracy rate is lower than that of happy, sad, and neutral face ( F (3,93) = 10.10, P <0.05). Conclusion: Angry expression related reversal coordination behavior is harder than happy expression and sad expression related reversal coordination behavior, demonstrating that reversal coordination behavior of college students is associated with threat information alertness formed in long-term evolution.
Nād : understanding rāga music

This volume is a guide to understanding all the aspects and finer nuances of Hindustani classical music. It is aimed at the serious listener who is seeking to know more about this performing art and the basic features of Indian music. It includes a glossary of musical terms, a select discography and a select bibliography.
Advertising as Noisy Information about Product Quality

A firm has to make consumers aware of a new product introduction. It also has to convince them that the product is of high quality. In this paper, we consider the interplay between directly and indirectly informative advertising in a monopoly model with repeat purchase. When consumers observe the advertising expenditure, the firm may excessively advertise high quality. However, when consumers only learn from seeing the product advertised, a high-quality firm cannot perfectly distinguish itself from low quality and advertises less than absent quality uncertainty.
Human platelet factor 4: Preparation from outdated platelet concentrates and application in cerebral vascular disease

Platelet factor 4 (PF4), the platelet antiheparin protein, was isolated from both the supernatant and the cells of recently outdated platelet concentrates. Following purification by affinity chromatography, a competitive binding radioimmunoassay was developed to detect this protein in human plasma. The normal range was determined to be 9.4 ± 4.7 ng/ml (mean ± SD for 52 healthy adults). In order to determine whether individuals with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke had measurable increments of PF4 in their plasma, radioimmunoassay studies were performed on 11 patients with well‐documented TIA, 10 patients with well‐documented stroke and on 16 age‐matched controls hospitalized on a neurology service with disorders unrelated to arterial thrombosis. The 16 hospitalized controls had PF4 levels of 10.3 ± 9.1 ng/ml, a value not significantly different from the 52 normals (P > 0.50). Patients with TIA had PF4 levels of 24.6 ± 12.1 ng/ml, a value significantly higher than both the 52 normals (P < 0.001) and the 16 hospitalized control patients (P < 0.005). Patients with stroke had PF4 levels of 35.4 ± 29.2 ng/ml, a value significantly higher than both the 52 normals (P < 0.001) and the 16 hospitalized control patients (P < 0.005).
Variability Driven Gate Sizing for Binning Yield Optimization

High performance applications are highly affected by process variations due to considerable spread in their expected frequencies after fabrication. Typically ldquobinningrdquo is applied to those chips that are not meeting their performance requirement after fabrication. Using binning, such failing chips are sold at a loss (e.g., proportional to the degree that they are failing their performance requirement). This paper discusses a gate-sizing algorithm to minimize ldquoyield-lossrdquo associated with binning. We propose a binning yield-loss function as a suitable objective to be minimized. We show this objective is convex with respect to the size variables and consequently can be optimally and efficiently solved. These contributions are yet made without making any specific assumptions about the sources of variability or how they are modeled. We show computation of the binning yield-loss can be done via any desired statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) tool. The proposed technique is compared with a recently proposed sensitivity-based statistical sizer, a deterministic sizer with worst-case variability estimate, and a deterministic sizer with relaxed area constraint. We show consistent improvement compared to the sensitivity-based approach in quality of solution (final binning yield-loss value) as well as huge run-time gain. Moreover, we show that a deterministic sizer with a relaxed area constraint will also result in reasonably good binning yield-loss values for the extra area overhead.
Analysis and comparison of fax spam detection algorithms

Spam detection is one of the important problems in these days. Many spam detection methods were proposed, but fax spam detection is not popular. It not easy to directly use existing content-based spam detection methods for fax documents because the documents are processed as image rather than text. In this paper, we propose a fax spam detection framework which is based on keyword patterns by using an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique. To demonstrate how effective the proposed framework is, we analyze and compare three fax spam detection algorithms (rule based method, SVM based method, and naïve Bayesian based method) with 219 normal and 212 spam documents. Our recommendation is to use naïve Bayesian based method which is capable of achieving an accuracy of 92.49%.
Dopamine and histamine in the developing stomatogastric system of the lobster Homarus americanus

Dopamine and histamine are neuromodulators found in the adult stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of several crustacean species. We used antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and histamine to map the distribution and developmental acquisition of the dopamine and histamine neurons in the STNS of the lobster, Homarus americanus. Embryos, larvae, juvenile and adult animals were studied. TH labeling was present in the STNS as early as E80–85 (80–85% of embryonic development). A subset of preparations in embryos, larvae, juveniles, and adults contained 1–5 labeled somata in the stomatogastric ganglion. Histamine staining appeared in the STNS as early as E50. The distribution of both TH and histamine staining remained relatively constant through development. Electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that receptors for both amines are present in the embryo. Bath application of dopamine increased the frequency of the pyloric rhythm in embryos, and evidence for dopaminergic activation of peripherally initated spiking in motor axons was seen. In embryos and adults, histamine inhibited the motor patterns produced by the stomatogastric ganglion (STG). These data suggest that the dopaminergic and histaminergic systems in H. americanus appear relatively early in development and that the effects of each are largely maintained through development. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:400–414, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Redox Regulation of Light-Harvesting Complex II and cab mRNA Abundance in Dunaliella salina

We demonstrate that photosynthetic adjustment at the level of the light-harvesting complex associated with photosystem II (LCHII) in Dunaliella salina is a response to changes in the redox state of intersystem electron transport as estimated by photosystem II (PSII) excitation pressure. To elucidate the molecular basis of this phenomenon, LHCII apoprotein accumulation and cab mRNA abundance were examined. Growth regimes that induced low, but equivalent, excitation pressures (either 13[deg]C/20 [mu]mol m-2 s-1 or 30[deg]C/150 ([mu]mol m-2 s-1) resulted in increased LHCII apoprotein and cab mRNA accumulation relative to algal cultures grown under high excitation pressures (either 13[deg]C/150 [mu]mol m-2 s-1 or 30[deg]C/2500 [mu]mol m-2 s-1). Thermodynamic relaxation of high excitation pressures, accomplished by shifting cultures from a 13 to a 30[deg]C growth regime at constant irradiance for 12 h, resulted in a 6- and 8-fold increase in LHCII apoprotein and cab mRNA abundance, respectively. Similarly, photodynamic relaxation of high excitation pressure, accomplished by a shift from a light to a dark growth regime at constant temperature, resulted in a 2.4- to 4-fold increase in LHCII apoprotein and cab mRNA levels, respectively. We conclude that photosynthetic adjustment to temperature mimics adjustment to high irradiance through a common redox sensing/signaling mechanism. Both temperature and light modulate the redox state of the first, stable quinone electron acceptor of PSII, which reflects the redox poise of intersystem electron transport. Changes in redox poise signal the nucleus to regulate cab mRNA abundance, which, in turn, determines the accumulation of light-harvesting apoprotein. This redox mechanism may represent a general acclimation mechanism for photosynthetic adjustment to environmental stimuli.
Chronic Alcohol Ingestion Changes the Landscape of the Alveolar Epithelium

Similar to effects of alcohol on the heart, liver, and brain, the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on lung injury are preventable. Unlike other vital organ systems, however, the lethal effects of alcohol on the lung are underappreciated, perhaps because there are no signs of overt pulmonary disorder until a secondary insult, such as a bacterial infection or injury, occurs in the lung. This paper provides overview of the complex changes in the alveolar environment known to occur following both chronic and acute alcohol exposures. Contemporary animal and cell culture models for alcohol-induced lung dysfunction are discussed, with emphasis on the effect of alcohol on transepithelial transport processes, namely, epithelial sodium channel activity (ENaC). The cascading effect of tissue and phagocytic Nadph oxidase (Nox) may be triggered by ethanol exposure, and as such, alcohol ingestion and exposure lead to a prooxidative environment; thus impacting alveolar macrophage (AM) function and oxidative stress. A better understanding of how alcohol changes the landscape of the alveolar epithelium can lead to improvements in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) for which hospitalized alcoholics are at an increased risk.
A parameter-dependent Lyapunov function based approach to H∞-control of LPV discrete-time systems with delays

In this paper we study the problem of H<sub>∞</sub> control of linear parameter-varying (LPV) discrete-time systems with delays. In an LPV system, the state-space matrices are a function of time-varying parameters which are assumed to be real-time measurable. We utilize a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function to establish a delay-dependent H<sub>∞</sub> performance condition for the LPV system with unknown but bounded delays. On the basis of the H<sub>∞</sub> performance condition established, we develop a linear matrix inequality (LMI) based H<sub>∞</sub> control strategy. We show that solving the related LMI optimization problem paves the way for designing a H<sub>∞</sub> controller for the LPV discrete-time system with delays. We also use a numerical example to demonstrate the application of the presented H<sub>∞</sub> controller design method.
Effect of rapid distension of large arteries and veins on the vascular tone of the fingers.

1. Finger plethysmograms were recorded in patients catheterized for diagnostic purposes. 2. They disclosed a rapidly occurring and passing volume increase of the finger in connection with rapid flushing with saline or movements of the catheter against the vascular wall. 3. Arterial pulse curves from the arm, recorded intra- or extra-arterially, showed no effects on the blood pressure from the flushings or catheter manipulations. 4. The response was also obtained peripheral to an obstruction of the circulation in the arm. 5. The reaction is proposed to be due to a reflex produced by stimulating stretch receptors in the vascular system. 6. The reaction was obtained not only when stimulating known reflexogenic areas but also when stimulating other large central arteries and veins.
A Probability-Based Similarity Measure for Saupe Alignment Tensors with Applications to Residual Dipolar Couplings in NMR Structural Biology

High-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structural biology and NMR structural genomics pose a fascinating set of geometric challenges. A key bottleneck in NMR structural biology is the resonance assignment problem. We seek to accelerate protein NMR resonance assignment and structure determination by exploiting a priori structural information. In particular, a method known as nuclear vector replacement (NVR) has been proposed as a method for solving the assignment problem given a priori structural information. Among several different types of input data, NVR uses a particular type of NMR data known as residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). The basic physics of RDCs tells us that the data should be explainable by a structural model and set of parameters contained within the “Saupe alignment tensor”. In the NVR algorithm, one estimates the Saupe alignment tensors and then proceeds to refine those estimates. We would like to quantify the accuracy of such estimates, where we compare the estimated Saupe matrix to the correct Saupe matrix. In this work, we propose a way to quantify this comparison. Given a correct Saupe matrix and an estimated Saupe matrix, we compute an upper bound on the probability that a randomly rotated Saupe tensor would have an error smaller than the estimated Saupe matrix. This has the advantage of being a quantified upper bound, which also has a clear interpretation in terms of geometry and probability. While the specific application of our rotation probability results is given to NVR, our novel methods can be used for any RDC-based algorithm to bound the accuracy of the estimated alignment tensors. Furthermore, they could also be used in X-ray crystallography or molecular docking to quantitate the accuracy of calculated rotations of proteins, protein domains, nucleic acids, or small molecules.
Women's dialogues about abuse : implications for domestic violence programs : an honors thesis (HONRS 499)

This study examines domestic violence through focus group interviews with women residing in domestic violence shelters in Indiana. The issues explored include, but are not limited to, barriers to receiving help, women's experiences within abusive relationships, and residential program strengths and weaknesses. Three types of fear, (1) fear of the abuser, (2) fear of the unknown, and (3) fear of being alone, are found to be determining factors for the women staying in the abusive relationship as well as making the decision to leave. The women's advice to other women in abusive relationships and their suggestions for improving services provided by residential programs are provided.
Gender and Time of Voting Decision

Abstract Scholars and the media have long been concerned about gender gaps in the political sphere. This study examines gender differences in decision certainty across the 2000 general election campaign. Results suggest that during the 2000 general election campaign, women were more likely to say that they did not know for whom they intended to vote when asked about their voting intentions. Once their intentions were declared, they were no less likely than men to express certainty about their decisions. Consistent with prior studies, partisanship and party identification play substantive as well as statistically significant role in the certainty of a person's vote choice.
Gradual typing embedded securely in JavaScript

JavaScript's flexible semantics makes writing correct code hard and writing secure code extremely difficult. To address the former problem, various forms of gradual typing have been proposed, such as Closure and TypeScript. However, supporting all common programming idioms is not easy; for example, TypeScript deliberately gives up type soundness for programming convenience. In this paper, we propose a gradual type system and implementation techniques that provide important safety and security guarantees. We present TS# , a gradual type system and source-to-source compiler for JavaScript. In contrast to prior gradual type systems, TS# features full runtime reflection over three kinds of types: (1) simple types for higher-order functions, recursive datatypes and dictionary-based extensible records; (2) the type any, for dynamically type-safe TS# expressions; and (3) the type un, for untrusted, potentially malicious JavaScript contexts in which TS# is embedded. After type-checking, the compiler instruments the program with various checks to ensure the type safety of TS# despite its interactions with arbitrary JavaScript contexts, which are free to use eval, stack walks, prototype customizations, and other offensive features. The proof of our main theorem employs a form of type-preserving compilation, wherein we prove all the runtime invariants of the translation of TS# to JavaScript by showing that translated programs are well-typed in JS# , a previously proposed dependently typed language for proving functional correctness of JavaScript programs. We describe a prototype compiler, a secure runtime, and sample applications for TS#. Our examples illustrate how web security patterns that developers currently program in JavaScript (with much difficulty and still with dubious results) can instead be programmed naturally in TS#, retaining a flavor of idiomatic JavaScript, while providing strong safety guarantees by virtue of typing.