Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asteroid Space Weathering and Regolith Evolution

Over time, exposure of airless bodies to the space environment results in optical changes to their surfaces. These optical changes are functions of the porosity, grain size distribution, and composition of the surface, and they depend on the relative rates of surface modification processes. Collectively, surface modification processes (such as impacts, solar wind ion implantation, sputtering, and micrometeorite bombardment) and their resulting optical effects have come to be known as “space weathering. ” Studies of lunar rocks and soils are the most important foundation we have on which to build an understanding of space weathering on asteroids. We cannot directly measure asteroid surfaces in a laboratory environment; therefore, we describe the lunar case, and compare it with the evidence for asteroids. In this chapter we review the evidence for space weathering on asteroids, including spectroscopy of optical effects, microscopy of physical effects, simulations of processes, lunar soils, meteorite breccias, spacecraft observations, and theoretical modeling. An understanding of space weathering is important to all remote-sensing studies of asteroid surfaces.
Réactivation post-rift de la marge sud-est du Brésil

La marge du sud-est du Bresil est une marge passive elevee presentant des evidences d'activite magmatique et tectonique post-rift (intrusions alcalines et bassins sedimentaires). Nous avons mene une etude structurale et de thermochronologie (traces de fission et U-Th/He sur apatite) pour contraindre les âges, l'amplitude, les directions de contraintes et les causes de ces reactivations. La modelisation des donnees thermochronologiques nous a permis de mettre en evidence deux phases d'exhumation generalisee sur la region au Cretace Superieur et au Neogene. Une troisieme phase durant le Paleogene est concentree le long des bassins tertiaires. Au total, depuis la zone cotiere jusqu'a la Serra da Mantiqueira, l'exhumation post-rift atteint 4.5 km. Une etude des profils sismiques du bassin de Taubate, et des donnees d'affleurement a montre que les bassins tertiaires se formaient en transtension senestre au Paleogene, avec des contraintes compressives orientees SW-NE puis etaient reactives en transpression dextre durant le Neogene sous l'effet de contraintes compressives E-W. Les âges, comme la cinematique des reactivations sont compatibles avec ceux inferes pour d'autres zones de la plaque sud-americaine ainsi qu'avec la cinematique de la convergence Nazca-Amerique du Sud. Nous avons donc conclu qu'un etat compressif de l'ensemble de la plaque sud-americaine, sous l'effet des forces de ridge-push et de traction mantellique, etait responsable de la reactivation des zones de faiblesses heritees, et provoquait les differentes phases de reactivation de la marge sud-est du Bresil, provoquant sa surrection et faconnant ainsi la topographie que nous connaissons aujourd'hui.
Characterization of Immunogenicity and Safety of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 in HIV-Positive Italian Patients with Hemophilia: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study

To characterize the immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) vaccine in HIV-positive hemophilic patients during the third COVID-19 wave in Italy and to investigate biomarkers of coagulation and endothelial perturbation before and after complete vaccination schedule, twenty-three consecutive adult HIV-positive patients with hemophilia were included. Blood was collected before and two weeks after vaccination. We measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies to assess immunogenicity; circulating biomarkers of coagulation (protein C and D-dimer), endothelial perturbation (von Willebrand factor (VWF)) and anti-Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) antibodies were analyzed. Flow-based analysis of thrombus formation was performed in nine patients using a flow-chamber device. Two weeks after completing the vaccination schedule, all patients had anti-spike antibodies values consistent with an effective immunization. Mean (±standard deviation) basal values of protein C and VWF (106 ± 21% and 171 ± 45%, respectively) were not significantly different from data obtained two weeks after the second dose (103 ± 20%, 162 ± 43%, respectively). D-dimer median values (interquartile range) were not significantly different at baseline (442 (603–142) ng/mL) and after the second dose (477 (654–262) ng/mL). Anti-PF4 antibodies were detected in three patients with no associated clinical manifestations. No significant differences were found in flow-based analysis of thrombus formation. Our data demonstrate that in HIV-positive patients with hemophilia, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is effective and safe, with no effects on coagulation and endothelial perturbation.
Relationship between apple sensory attributes and instrumental parameters of texture

The perception of eating quality of three apple cultivars was investigated at three different stages of ripening (three weeks before commercial maturity, at commercial maturity, and three weeks after commercial maturity) and for different lengths of storage. The principal objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between sensory perceptions of fruit texture and destructive (penetrometry) and non-destructive (acoustic measurements: stiffness coefficient) measurement which characterize some mechanical fruit properties. A decrease of firmness was detected by penetrometric and sensory measurements between the different levels of ripeness. The later the apples were harvested, the lower the firmness parameters. Evolution of texture during storage was noticed with all measures. Fruits lost firmness and juiciness during storage at +3°C (normal atmosphere), becoming mealy and fondant. This study also showed that the acoustic stiffness coefficient was significantly and positively correlated to fruit resistance, and significantly but negatively correlated to mealiness. The highest correlation coefficients were observed between puncture parameters (force and work required for the flesh rupture) and sensory crunchiness (predicted at 87%).
Terrestrial glacial eskers: Analogs for Martian sinuous ridges

A glacial model was introduced last year for the Argyre region, a concept which is now extended, and which was recently integrated with a Global Hydrologic Model incorporating many other aspects of Martian geology. Despite wide agreement that the Martian ridges strongly resemble glacial eskers, this hypothesis has been presented with great equivocation due to a perceived lack of other glacial landforms. Quite to the contrary, it is shown that the Martian ridges actually do occur in logical ordered sequences with many other types of characteristically glacial appearing landforms. Herein, the esker hypothesis is further supported in isolation from considerations of regional landform assemblages. It is concluded that Martian sinuous ridges are similar in every respect to terrestrial eskers: scale, morphology, planimetric pattern, and associations with other probable glaciogenic landforms. It is found that the esker hypothesis is well supported. Eskers are glaciofluvial structures, and owe their existence to large scale melting of stagnant temporate glaciers. Thus, eskers are indicators of an ameliorating climatic regime after a protracted episode of cold, humid conditions.
Assessment of the Commercially Available Chemical Space for Using in the 19F NMR FAXS Method: a Enamine Ltd. Case

Aim. To analyze commercially available fluorine containing compounds for the possibility of their use in the 19F NMR FAXS method.Materials and methods. The selection of fluorine-containing fragments for the study was performed using 3.9 million instock screening compounds and 248,000 in-stock building-blocks from Enamine Ltd library. The selection and classification of the compounds was carried out using the DataWarrior and KNIME software. The Fluorinated Fragments library of Enamine Ltd. containing 6377 compounds, was also analyzed. To analyze the abovementioned sets of substances, the multistep workflows specially designed were used.Results and discussion. As a result of applying the workflow developed to the compound sets (both screening compounds and building blocks), 13 800 compounds were selected and further classified according to the presence of one out of 12 fluorine-containing groups. The Fluorinated Fragments library was also subjected to a similar workflow. For the latter, 8 out of 12 fluorine-containing groups were identified. Additionally, experimental 19F NMR chemical shift values for Fluorinated Fragments library compounds spectra were analyzed. It has been found that some structural classes have areas of chemical shifts intersection. On the other hand, the ranges from –40 to –60 ppm and beyond –160 ppm are free from any group of compounds from the library analyzed.Conclusions. The analysis has shown that commercially available fluorine-containing fragments do not satisfy the needs of the 19F NMR FAXS method, and further expansion of the chemical space of fluorine-containing compounds by increasing their diversity is required.
Ethanol-exposed lung fibroblasts cause airway epithelial barrier dysfunction

Background: Chronic alcohol ingestion predisposes to lung injury and disrepair during sepsis. Our previous studies outlined roles for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in epithelial barrier homeostasis and how alcohol perturbs their expression and signaling. Here we hypothesize that ethanol-exposed lung fibroblasts (LF) are a source of dysregulated TGFβ1 and GM-CSF and thereby alter airway epithelial barrier function. Methods: Human or rat LF were cultured ± ethanol for 2 weeks and then co-cultured with human or rat airway epithelial cells (AEC) seeded on Transwell permeable supports. In selected groups, a TGFβ1 receptor type 1 (TGFβR1) inhibitor (SB431542) or a TGFβ1 neutralizing antibody was applied. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured prior to co-culture and on day 5 of co-culture. AEC were then analyzed for the expression of selected tight junction and mesenchymal proteins, and transwell membranes were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy for ZO-1 expression and localization. TGFβ1 and GM-CSF levels in conditioned media from the co-cultures were quantified by ELISA. Results: AEC co-cultured with ethanol-exposed LF (ELF) showed a significant reduction in TER and corresponding decreases in ZO-1 expression, whereas collagen type 1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin protein expression were increased. In parallel, in conditioned media from the ELF + AEC co-cultures, activated TGFβ1 levels increased and GM-CSF levels decreased. Notably, all the effects of ELF on the AEC were prevented by blocking TGFβ1 activity. Conclusions: Prior ethanol exposure to LF induces barrier dysfunction in naive AEC in a paracrine fashion through activation of TGFβ1 signaling and suppression of GM-CSF. These experimental findings provide a potential mechanism by which chronic alcohol ingestion impairs airway epithelial integrity and renders individuals susceptible to lung injury.
Influence of surface debris on summer ablation in Unteraar- and Lauteraargletscher, Switzerland

In order to evaluate the influence of surface debris on summer ablation on a glacier, surface ablation and air temperature were measured from May to September in 2001 on Unteraar- and Lauteraargletscher. The positive degree-day factor obtained for a debris-covered surface was 2.98 mm w.e. K -1 day -1 , smaller than those obtained for debris free surfaces, 4.45-9.81 mm w.e. K -1 day -1 . The factors were utilized to compute daily ablation in each altitudinal range using the positive degree-day method. Results of the computation show that the debris layer significantly reduces the total ablation in July and August after the glacier surface changed its state from snow to debris cover at the lower reach. Thus, it is concluded that the debris-covered surface substantially contributes to the decrease in ablation during the mid summer season. The total ablation from May to August would be larger by 32% if the glacier surface had been assumed to be entirely debris free.
A Three-Wafer-Stacked Hybrid 15-MPixel CIS + 1-MPixel EVS With 4.6-GEvent/s Readout, In-Pixel TDC, and On-Chip ISP and ESP Function

We introduce a hybrid 4096 $\times $ 3680 CMOS image sensor (CIS) with an embedded 1032 $\times $ 928 event-based vision sensor (EVS). Within a four-by-four cluster of CIS pixels, one color channel is substituted to provide a photocurrent for an EVS pixel. The EVS readout circuit is allocated on a second wafer and wrapped behind the four-by-four pixel cluster. A third wafer is used to integrate all peripheral readout circuitry for the EVS and CIS functions while achieving a compact sensor footprint. The EVS pixel achieves sub-1 Hz noise rates and 3% contrast non-uniformity (CTNU) at a linear nominal contrast threshold (NCT) of 15%. The row and column readout circuitry bypasses elements without events in a fraction of a clock cycle. Furthermore, a skip function is realized that reads only bordering pixels of a connected set of events. This achieves an event rate of up to 4.6 GEvents/s (GEps). The sensor captures in-pixel time stamps through sampling of a gray code timer realizing a time-to-digital conversion (TDC). Image and event signal processors (ISP & ESP) are integrated on-chip. The ESP provides global ambient and global activity monitoring functions. The sensor supports various flicker mitigation approaches such as adjustment of contrast threshold, in-pixel bandpass filter function and region-of-interest (ROI), and deterministic or random subsampling. The hybrid sensor mitigates challenges in synchronization and parallax error compared with a two-sensor solution using a dedicated CIS and dedicated EVS sensor. Furthermore, only one package and lens are required reducing footprint and cost.
Infectivity and stress tolerance traits affect community assembly of plant pathogenic fungi

Understanding how ecological communities assemble is an urgent research priority. In this study, we used a community ecology approach to examine how ecological and evolutionary processes shape biodiversity patterns of plant pathogenic fungi, Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum. High-throughput screening revealed that the isolates had a wide range of phenotypic variation in stress tolerance traits. Net Relatedness Index (NRI) and Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) values were computed based on stress-tolerant distance matrices. Certain local regions exhibited positive values of NRI and NTI, indicating phenotypic clustering within the fungal communities. Competition assays of the pooled strains were conducted to investigate the cause of clustering. During stress conditions and wheat colonization, only a few strains dominated the fungal communities, resulting in reduced diversity. Overall, our findings support the modern coexistence theory that abiotic stress and competition lead to phenotypic similarities among coexisting organisms by excluding large, low-competitive clades. We suggest that agricultural environments and competition for host infection lead to locally clustered communities of plant pathogenic fungi in the field.
Robust Power System Frequency Estimation Based on a Sliding Window Approach

A novel framework for online estimation of the fundamental frequency of power system in both the single-phase and three-phase cases is proposed. This is achieved based on the consideration of the relationship among the samples within every four consecutive sliding windows and the use of the Wiener filtering approach and an adaptive filter trained by the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Compared with the original work proposed in Vizireanu, 2011, which employs the scalar samples, the proposed vector-valued methods alleviate the drawbacks, such as sensitivity to initial phase value, noise, harmonics, DC offset, and system unbalance. Simulations on both benchmark synthetic cases and for real-world scenarios support the analysis.
Wake-Adapted Optimization for V-Bracket Attack Angle

The energy saving of ships has become an important task in shipbuilding and shipping field globally. It relates to the fuel saving, the cost reduction of transportation, environment protection and profit of enterprises companies. Previous researches of ship energy-saving mainly focused on optimization of ship hull, and the additional energy-saving devices, etc. This paper develops V-bracket design through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) calculation and model test. First The orientation and distribution of streamline around the V-bracket under the condition of the ship economic speed were determined by the means of numerical calculation. Then, the attack angle of V-bracket was determined by the direction of wake-flow velocity vector, so that the effect of resistance will be better than other attack angles. A set of reasonable method of V-bracket attack angle procedure design is presented.
A Two-Level Signature Scheme for Stable Set Similarity Joins

We study the set similarity join problem , which retrieves all pairs of similar sets from two collections of sets for a given distance function. Existing exact solutions employ a signature-based filter-verification framework: If two sets are similar, they must have at least one signature in common, otherwise they can be pruned safely. We observe that the choice of the signature scheme has a significant impact on the performance. Unfortunately, choosing a good signature scheme is hard because the performance heavily depends on the characteristics of the underlying dataset. To address this problem, we propose a hybrid signature composition that leverages the most selective portion of each signature scheme. Sets with an unselective primary signature are detected, and the signatures are replaced with a more selective secondary signature. We propose a generic framework called TwoL and a cost model to balance the computational overhead and the selectivity of the signature schemes. We implement our framework with two complementary signature schemes for Jaccard similarity and Hamming distance, resulting in effective two-level hybrid indexes that join datasets with diverse characteristics efficiently. TwoL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art set similarity joins on a benchmark with 13 datasets that cover a wide range of data characteristics.
On Human-like Biases in Deep Neural Networks for the Perception of Slant from Texture

Depth estimation is fundamental to 3D perception. This study investigates whether unsupervised deep neural networks (DNN) might display the same biasesashumanswhenpredictingthesignofcurvatureanddepthofsurfacesunderdifferentviewingconditions(fieldofview)andsurfaceparameters (slantandtextureirregularity). Tothisend,wetrainedbothunsupervisedandsupervisedDNNmodelsontherenderingsofslantedsurfaceswith randomPolkadotpatternsandanalyzedtheirinternallatentrepresentations.Theresultsdemonstratedthattheunsupervisedmodelsreplicatehuman biaseswellacrossallexperiments,whilesupervisedDNNmodelsdonotexhibitsimilarbiases.Thelatentspacesoftheunsupervisedmodelscanbe linearlyseparatedintoaxesrepresentingfieldofviewandopticalslant.Forsupervisedmodels,thisabilityvariessubstantiallywithmodelarchitecture andthekindofsupervision(continuousslantvs.signofslant). ThesefindingssuggestthatunsupervisedDNNmodelscansharesimilarpredictionstothe humanvisualsystem,leadingtopotentialuseingeneratingandanalyzinghypothesesaboutdepthandslantperceptionforfuturehumantesting.
Ethanolic Extract Propolis-Loaded Niosomes Diminish Phospholipase B1, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in Macrophages

Secretory phospholipase B1 (PLB1) and biofilms act as microbial virulence factors and play an important role in pulmonary cryptococcosis. This study aims to formulate the ethanolic extract of propolis-loaded niosomes (Nio-EEP) and evaluate the biological activities occurring during PLB1 production and biofilm formation of Cryptococcus neoformans. Some physicochemical characterizations of niosomes include a mean diameter of 270 nm in a spherical shape, a zeta-potential of −10.54 ± 1.37 mV, and 88.13 ± 0.01% entrapment efficiency. Nio-EEP can release EEP in a sustained manner and retains consistent physicochemical properties for a month. Nio-EEP has the capability to permeate the cellular membranes of C. neoformans, causing a significant decrease in the mRNA expression level of PLB1. Interestingly, biofilm formation, biofilm thickness, and the expression level of biofilm-related genes (UGD1 and UXS1) were also significantly reduced. Pre-treating with Nio-EEP prior to yeast infection reduced the intracellular replication of C. neoformans in alveolar macrophages by 47%. In conclusion, Nio-EEP mediates as an anti-virulence agent to inhibit PLB1 and biofilm production for preventing fungal colonization on lung epithelial cells and also decreases the intracellular replication of phagocytosed cryptococci. This nano-based EEP delivery might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the prophylaxis and treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis in the future.
Optimal static light scattering detection angle for particulate matter size and concentration measurement

The serious pollution of particulate matter (PM) causes many adverse effects on human health and industrial production. High-precision, real-time monitor of atmospheric particulate concentration is becoming increasingly important. In this study, a method to find the optimal detection angle to measure the mass concentration of PM is proposed. To find an optimal angle, a motorized rotary system is used to measure the light scattering signal of particles from 0° to 180°. The new method obtains parameters such as mass concentration factor, deviation, mass concentration coefficient and deviation coefficient, which can be measured more accurately. Through theoretical calculation and experimental analysis, the optimal detection angle is 45°. At the optimal angle, the correlation between the scattered light intensity and the mass concentration of spherical SiO2 particles reaches 0.9836. Then, the mass concentration of PM is inverted and calculated at the optimal angle. The results showed that the correlation coefficient R2 of different particle sizes is larger than 0.952, and the measurement results were highly correlated.
Adaptive Fixed-Time Output-Feedback Optimal Time-Varying Formation Control for Multiple Omnidirectional Robot Systems

This article presents an adaptive fuzzy fixed-time output feedback control approach for achieving an optimal time-varying formation (TVF) of multiple omnidirectional robot systems (MORSs) with uncertain external disturbances. Given that only output variables of the system are measurable, the method employs fuzzy state observers to reconstruct other unmeasured states. Novel performance index functions that incorporate exponential power terms are developed to achieve the optimization of a formation control system's performance. This function is utilized to design a fixed-time optimal scheme based on an identifier–actor–critic structure, which is a well-established control framework. Through rigorous analysis, it is proved that the proposed scheme guarantees fixed-time boundedness of all signals in the system and achieves formation control at a minimum cost. The comparative simulations and data analyses verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control algorithm.