Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1994 International Conference on Parallel Processing Designing Large Hierarchical Multiprocessor Systems under Processor, Interconnection, and Packaging Advancements *

A general framework for architectural design of large hierarchical multiprocessor systems un­ der rapidly changing packaging, processor, and inter­ connection technologies is presented. In recent years processor boards with larger area (A) and greater pinouts are becoming feasible. Board interconnection technology has advanced from peripheral connections O(vA) to elastomeric surface connections 0(A). As processor and interconnection technology grows, there is a varying demand on the interconnection network of the system. The proposed framework is capable of taking into account all these changes in technologies and, depending on a given set of technological param­ eters, derive the most optimum topology. The frame­ work is illustrated by considering the design problem of the currently popular class of k-ary n-cube cluster-c scalable architectures. 1 Introductio n Rapid developments in the field of processor, mem­ ory, network, and, packaging technologies make the task of efficient design of large multiprocessor systems a difficult task. Design guidelines need to take into account changes in these technologies to provide good performance. In this paper, we present a new frame­ work for designing and developing large hierarchical architectures. We consider a packaging technology with two lev­ els: processors in the parallel computer are organized into a number of boards(clusters) and the boards are then connected through inter-board wires. It has been shown (5) tha t a common characteristic of most pack­ aging technologies is a progressive increase in costs and decrease in capacities as we go up the packaging hierarchy. In our framework we therefore put more im­ portance on optimizing the inter-board costs. Among other things the design model allows varying board sizes, a choice of reasonable channel widths, and flex­ ible pinout with alternate pinout technologies. Previ­ ous work in this area (3, 5) have developed guidelines based only on fixed board sizes with fixed pinouts, not considering changes in board sizes and alternate pinout technologies. Th e changes in processor and interconnection technology and its relation to packag­ ing technology in designing systems has also not been studied earlier. In this paper we analyze the problem of design­
The power structure of artificial intelligence

ABSTRACT This article argues that AI presents a two-pronged power challenge, introducing a different type of power relationship while simultaneously eroding the efficacy of existing procedures and institutions for resisting power disparities. The first prong of the challenge is analysed as consisting of three levels of power (roughly mapping onto the radical view of power proposed by Steven Lukes), namely: (i) power exercised over the individual or groups in mundane spheres of activity where certain kinds of everyday decision-making may be displaced; (ii) power impacting upon the trajectories of societal development and hence impinging upon human rights, values, and aspirations, and their track-dependencies; and (iii) power involving existential threats to humanity. The second prong of the challenge is addressed with reference to the tendency of AI both to provoke a sense of human inferiority and to erode our means of checking power. This illustrates some of the shortcomings of our existing systems which have not been revealed because they have not been tested in such a manner. Concluding, it is suggested that the focus upon responding to and regulating AI might be either overly specific or missing an important point. Rather, if the core challenges posed by AI are viewed as problems of power, this will not only unify hitherto divergent responses but also shield us from the technological dazzle that prevents us from seeing these problems clearly.
Reducing Certification Costs through Assured Dynamic Software Configuration

Engineering activities in the operation and maintenance phase of safety-critical systems are becoming increasingly important. The ever more rising software complexity in terms of an amount of implemented functions led to a proportional increase of various change demands. Most of these demands are initiated to repair the system from defects, i.e., Due to design faults not identified in the development for example. Maintaining changes in the operation phase can be very cost-intensive, because regulations of safety standards recommend to re-verify and re-validate the system in most cases, in order to ensure that the systems integrity is not compromised by the incorporated changes. In this paper, we describe an approach to perform changes on software in the operation and maintenance phase of systems lifecycle. To prevent the impact of changes on systems integrity, certain design limitations are set, so that controlled types of changes are permitted only. Furthermore, since also in cases of strong design limitations the systems integrity can be compromised, a support for systems modelling and analysis has been provided. The modelling captures certain functional and non-functional aspects of the system, which are then analyzed to decide whether changes can be performed or not. The main outcome here is that specific types of changes can be maintained without having an impact on systems integrity and therefore without requiring an extensive re-verification and re-validation. We report on possible improvements in costs of changes, by considering several industrial use cases and their typical change scenarios in the maintenance phase.
The Connection Between Manifold Learning and Distance Metric Learning

Manifold Learning learns a low-dimensional embedding of th e latent manifold. In this report, we give the definition of distance metric learni ng, provide the categorization of manifold learning, and describe the essential connectio n between manifold learning and distance metric learning, with special emphasis on nonl i ear manifold learning, including ISOMAP, Laplacian Eigenamp (LE), and Locally Lin ear Embedding (LLE).
LANGUAGE CORPORA: PRESENT INDIAN NEED

Corpora have proved their value both in linguistics and language technology. Information obtained from corpora has challenged the intuitive language study, since intuitive observations are found inadequate while compared with findings from corpora. However, the value of corpora is not yet acknowledged in India, although in recent times some sporadic attempts are made for designing corpora in Indian languages. We argue here for initiating large-scale projects to develop corpora of various types in Indian languages not only to contribute in research of language technology, but also to provide reliable language resources for the benefit of people of the country. We plea for the generation of specific types of corpus required for designing tools and systems for language technology linguistics research, and education.
Network dialog minimization and network dialog diffing: two novel primitives for network security applications

In this work, we present two fundamental primitives for network security: network dialog minimization and network dialog diffing. Network dialog minimization (NDM) simplifies an original dialog with respect to a goal, so that the minimized dialog when replayed still achieves the goal, but requires minimal network communication, achieving significant time and bandwidth savings. We present network delta debugging, the first technique to solve NDM. Network dialog diffing compares two dialogs, aligns them, and identifies their common and different parts. We propose a novel dialog diffing technique that aligns two dialogs by finding a mapping that maximizes similarity. We have applied our techniques to 5 applications. We apply our dialog minimization approach for: building drive-by download milkers for 9 exploit kits, integrating them in a infrastructure that has collected over 14,000 malware samples running from a single machine; efficiently measuring the percentage of popular sites that allow cookie replay, finding that 31% do not destroy the server-side state when a user logs out and that 17% provide cookies that live over a month; simplifying a cumbersome user interface, saving our institution 3 hours of time per year and employee; and finding a new vulnerability in a SIP server. We apply our dialog diffing approach for clustering benign (F-Measure = 100%) and malicious (F-Measure = 87.6%) dialogs.
Oral Cooling and Carbonation Increase the Perception of Drinking and Thirst Quenching in Thirsty Adults

Fluid ingestion is necessary for life, and thirst sensations are a prime motivator to drink. There is evidence of the influence of oropharyngeal stimulation on thirst and water intake in both animals and humans, but how those oral sensory cues impact thirst and ultimately the amount of liquid ingested is not well understood. We investigated which sensory trait(s) of a beverage influence the thirst quenching efficacy of ingested liquids and the perceived amount ingested. We deprived healthy individuals of liquid and food overnight (> 12 hours) to make them thirsty. After asking them to drink a fixed volume (400 mL) of an experimental beverage presenting one or two specific sensory traits, we determined the volume ingested of additional plain, ‘still’, room temperature water to assess their residual thirst and, by extension, the thirst-quenching properties of the experimental beverage. In a second study, participants were asked to drink the experimental beverages from an opaque container through a straw and estimate the volume ingested. We found that among several oro-sensory traits, the perceptions of coldness, induced either by cold water (thermally) or by l-menthol (chemically), and the feeling of oral carbonation, strongly enhance the thirst quenching properties of a beverage in water-deprived humans (additional water intake after the 400 ml experimental beverage was reduced by up to 50%). When blinded to the volume of liquid consumed, individual’s estimation of ingested volume is increased (~22%) by perceived oral cold and carbonation, raising the idea that cold and perhaps CO2 induced-irritation sensations are included in how we normally encode water in the mouth and how we estimate the quantity of volume swallowed. These findings have implications for addressing inadequate hydration state in populations such as the elderly.
Message from MMTC Chair

Dear MMTC colleagues: In this brief editorial, I would like to summarize the status of our activities related to the sponsorship of workshops and conferences. As you probably know, we are technically sponsoring conferences and workshops whose scope is in the area of multimedia communications and that see the involvement of the MMTC community in the organizing or technical program committees. Indeed, as far as there is interest in the event from our members and there are at least three colleagues that are willing to act as liaison between the conference and MMTC by serving in the TCP or in the organizing committees, then we give our formal support. This support is also enough to get the ComSoc Technical sponsorship. In the last year we have already endorsed 5 conferences and we have received a couple of new requests which are in the process of being evaluated. Additionally, this year we have organized the workshop on " Hot Topics in 3D " in co-junction with ICME 013 and we are co-organizing the workshops on " Cloud Computing Systems, Networks, and Applications " (CCSNA) and " Quality of Experience for Multimedia Communications " (QoEMC) to be held next December jointly with Globecom 2013, in Atlanta. With reference to the workshops held jointly with our major reference conferences (i.e., ICC, Globecom and ICME), I would like to invite you to take an active role by suggesting new proposals. If you are interested in send an email to me and I will be happy to provide all the necessary information and support. Additionally, I would like to take this occasion to make you aware of a standardization activity sponsored by IEEE SA that you may be interested in. It is the IEEE P1907.1 Standard for Network-Adaptive Quality of Experience (QoE) Management Scheme for Real-Time Mobile Video Communications, which defines a mechanism for managing the end-to-end quality of real-time video user experience. It clearly within the MMTC scope and then you may be interested in. Also in this case, to get involved contact me or send an email to the other officers you may find in the relevant webpage I would like to thank all of you that worked towards the organization of the successful MMTC workshops and conferences and invite to continue supporting the activities of our prosperous Committee! The interest in cloud computing for multimedia has recently increased dramatically. As cloud computing …
Ultra-thin body Silicon On Insulator and nanowire transistors for 22nm technology node and below

We demonstrate that Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FDSOI) technology is a simple and mature alternative to the bulk one for the 22nm technology node and beyond. In particular, this technology allows significant improvement of the transistors electrostatic control and variability. Furthermore, the integration of such FDSOI transistors on an ultra-thin buried oxide allows their scalability down to 10nm gate lengths and enables an efficient use of power management techniques. We also illustrate some technological ways to boost the drive current of these devices. Finally, we present a 3D-stacked nanowire architecture as a solution to extend the scaling to the sub-10nm technology nodes and to increase significantly the current supplied per layout unit area.
Hardware-based Packet Classification Made Fast and Efficient

To achieve fast packet classification, a hardware-based scheme, cross-producting recurrence (CPR), based on a formerly proposed cross-producting scheme is proposed. This scheme simplifies the classification procedure and decrease the distinct combinations of fields by hierarchically decomposing the multi-dimensional space. In the new scheme, the multi-dimensional space is endowed with a hierarchical property which self-divides into several smaller subspaces, whereas the procedure of packet classification is translated into repeatedly searching for matching subspaces. The required storage of the proposed scheme is significantly reduced since the distinct fields of subspaces is controlled by a pre-defined configuration and can be much less than that of the filters. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed scheme
Differences of Structured Documents - Improving their Quality

A classical task of software development environments is the management of document versions. Besides others, primary aims are increasing efficiency and supporting reuse. While for classical textual documents, e.g. source code, versioning is well understood and frequently used, this is not the case for documents with graph structured models as for example the notation forms of the UML. However, these models become more and more important and are like textual documents subject to versioning and co-developed by a number of people. Thus also for graph structured models versioning tools are required. One of the several reasons for the absence of efficient tools is the problem that differences are generally not unique. With the potentially large set of differences evaluable for the same documents, the question of their quality arises. Since for graph structured and in particular for UML documents many different quality measures are reasonable, convincing conclusions can be drawn only by evaluating a set of different measures, contrasting the conventional approaches. This paper presents a novel and more substantive approach of judging differences' qualities and aims at finding optimal differences. Evolutionary algorithms are proposed to solve the resulting multiobjective optimization problems.
Principal eigenvectors of irregular graphs

Let G be a connected graph. Thispaper s extreme entriesof the principal eigenvector x of G, the unique positive unit eigenvector corresponding to the greatest eigenvalue λ1 of the adjacency matrix of G.I fG hasmaximum degree ∆, the greates t entry xmax of x isat mos t 1/ 1+ λ 2 /∆. This improves a result of Papendieck and Recht. The least entry xmin of x aswell asthe principal ratio xmax/xmin are studied. It is conjectured that for connected graphs of order n ≥ 3, the principal ratio isalwaysattained by one of the lollipop graphsobtained by attaching a path graph to a vertex of a complete graph.
Interactive Supervised Attribute Clustering for Microarray Sample Classification

These analysis correspond to analyze the expression patterns of genes by comparing the rows in the matrix, and to analyze Abstract Effective identification of co expressed gene and coherent patterns in gene expression data is an important task in biomedical applications. Many clustering method have been proposed to identify co expressed genes that share similar coherent index pattern. However there is no objective standard for groups of co expressed gene. Further groups of co expressed genes in gene expression data are often highly connected through a large number of intermediate genes. So that there may be no clear boundaries to separate the clusters. Clustering the number of gene expression data will also face some challenges of satisfying biological domain requirements and addressing the high connectivity of the data sets. Here we propose an interactive framework for exploring coherent pattern in gene expression data. An novel coherent index pattern is proposed to give users highly confident indications of the existence of coherent patterns. To drive a coherent pattern index and facilitate clustering we devise an attraction tree structure that summarizes the coherence information among genes in the data sets. We present efficient and scalable algorithms for constracting attraction trees and coherent pattern indices from gene expression data sets. Our experimental result shows that our approach is effective in mining gene expression data and is scalable for mining large data sets.
Relationship Between Self-Concept, Family Relationship and Externalizing Behavior Among Adolescents in Selangor

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of self- concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400 students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from self- administered questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire (1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of self- concept, family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p<0.01). Moreover, result indicated that there were negative significant relationship between self-concept, family cohesion and family structure with aggressive behavior (r= -0.210 to -0.153, p<0.01). Moreover, the result showed the negative significant relationship between family structure and delinquency behavior (r= -0.104, p<0.05). These results suggest that self concept and family relationship quality are an importance factors for the development of adolescents behaviors.
Modeling Network Security using Colored Petri Nets Model

81 ABSTRACT: Network security is a complex and challenging problem. The area of network defense mechanism design is receiving immense attention from the research community. However, the network security problem is far from completely solved. In this context, several modeling approaches have been developed, such as approaches based on attack trees (AT). Researchers have been exploring the applicability of colored Petri nets approaches to address the network security issues and some of these approaches look promising.
Getting the Best from Two Worlds: Converting Between OBO and OWL Formats

OWL is one of the most popular ontology languages, mostly due to its expressiveness as well as its formal semantics. Yet, in the biomedical domain, OBO, a language that was expressly developed for the construction of bioontologies, is the format preferred by the community for this purpose. This is best exemplified by the fact that OBO-based ontologies are driving the model organism databases that use the common schema named Chado, a standard in the GMOD project. Thus, converting ontologies written in OWL to OBO and vice versa are crucial processes, in order to take full advantage of all resources that are being developed. In this report we describe first the hurdles that we faced while using the existing tools for converting ontologies between the two different formats. Furthermore, we present two scripts that we developed in order to overcome the recorded difficulties. A number of tests performed on several bioontologies show that these scripts are in position to successfully carry out these
Conversations between a Mother with Dementia and her Daughter : A speech act of 'thanking', Grice's Maxim of Quality, and Politeness

In 田中 (Tanaka) (2013) (2014) (2015) (2017), I used telephone conversations between a mother and her daughter (myself), and examined how the aging of the mother affects their communication. Considering the rapid aging of Japanese society, these papers were targeted at Japanese readers and were written in Japanese. Now, I would like to share the results of my research with people in broader area, and I re-write the main parts in English with some cultural explanation. First, I consider how aging can change their social roles in communication. Then, focusing on a speech act of ‘thanking’, I examine how the change of the roles may affect the speech act. Further, I consider how dementia may be related to Grice’s Maxim of Quality and Politeness. These results suggest that people with dementia are asking for a relationship with others in their own way. key words: dementia, thanking, Maxim of Quality, Politeness 認知症を持つ母と娘の会話 ―「感謝」という発話行為、グライスの質の行動指針、ポライトネス-
Gravitational Aggregates: Evidence and Evolution

It has been suggested that asteroids between ~100 m and ~100 km in size may be gravitational aggregates of loosely consolidated material. Recently evidence has been mounting to support this idea. Comet breakups, crater chains, doublet craters, giant craters, grooves, asteroid spins, underdense asteroids, asteroid satellites, and unusual asteroid shapes can all be explained to some degree by the properties of aggregate structures. Moreover, laboratory and numerical experiments indicate that solid asteroids, if they existed, would likely be completely shattered by now, owing to their violent collisional histories. Once shattered, a body becomes increasingly difficult to disrupt since it can efficiently absorb energy deposited at the impact site. In this chapter we present the evidence for gravitational aggregates and discuss the implications of their existence for asteroid evolution. We also propose a new classification scheme for asteroid structure parameterized by fundamental quantities such as strength and porosity.