Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of FM in (Students') Images of Hospitality

In the Netherlands, hospitality is increasingly seen as a soft FM service that adds value to core business; it is included in the European FM standard, NEN-EN-15221-1. However, the scope of 'hospitality' is topic of an ongoing academic debate spanning much more extensive conceptualizations than this code. Conceptual frameworks may include tangible and intangible elements: behavior/attitude, service, building-related aspects, and ambiance. A number of these aspects are also part of FM. Field work is needed to determine the interrelationship between FM and hospitality. Images may provide richer information than purely verbal methods. Though image-based methods like participant-led photography (PLP) are being used in e.g. tourism research and anthropology/sociology, they are uncommon in FM research.The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between hospitality and FM, using PLP. Students were invited to submit images representing 'hospitality' and 'no hospitality', taken during field trips, with a short explanation. Few images focused on behavioral aspects. Design-related aspects dominated the images of 'hospitality'. 'No hospitality' often showed poor FM performance, like inadequate cleaning and maintenance. Furthermore, work-in-progress and restricted entrance were unanimously labeled 'inhospitable'. PLP, a new methodology in FM research, proved practical and may be used by facility managers to obtain insight in end users' perception of the (in)hospitableness of their buildings.
Arbeitszeitarrangements und Entlohnung Ein Treatment-Effects-Ansatz für Freiberufler, Unternehmer und abhängig Beschäftigte

Traditionelle Wohlfahrtsanalysen, die sich alleine auf monetare Einkommensangaben stutzen, bedurfen der Erweiterung um die zeitliche Dimension, zumal auch in den vergangenen Jahren der Vollzeitarbeitstag anderen, flexibleren Arbeitszeitformen gewichen ist. Mit unserem Fokus auf die Frage, wer wann am Tage arbeitet und welche Konsequenzen auf die Einkommenssituation damit verbunden sind, gehen wir uber traditionelle Arbeitsmarktanalysen hinaus, die Arbeitszeit allein in aggregierte Grosen wie Voll- oder Teilzeitbeschaftigung oder Wochenendarbeit unterteilt haben. Wahrend der erste Teil der Studie die Verteilung von Arbeitszeitarrangements – nach zeitlicher Lage und ihrer Fragmentierung - und das daraus resultierende Einkommen beschreibt und sich dabei auf uber 35 000 Zeittagebuchbeobachtungen der neuesten Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/02 stutzt, quantifiziert der zweite Teil den Einfluss von Determinanten von arrangementspezifischen Einkommensfunktionen. Theoretisch steht dabei die Humankapitaltheorie im markt- und nicht-marktmasigen Zusammenhang Pate, die erweitert wird um Strukturmerkmale der Zeitverwendung, den Arbeitsbedingungen des Partners, Charakteristika des sozialen Netzwerkes, sowie haushaltsspezifische und regionale Merkmale. Der methodische Ansatz ist eine ‚treatment effects’-Schatzung der Einkommensfunktion nach einer individuellen, endogenen Selektionsentscheidung fur eine der Arbeitszeitkategorien.
Musical genre classification based on a highly-resolved cepstral modulation spectrum

We propose new features for musical genre classification which are based on the modulation spectrum of cepstral coefficients, and investigate the impact of the modulation frequency resolution on the classification accuracy. We compare the performance of the novel feature set which is derived from a high-resolution modulation spectrum to that of two feature sets which are either based on a coarsely resolved modulation spectrum or roughly summarize the modulation energy in a few bands. From the results of a 5-class musical genre classification experiment it can be concluded that a high modulation frequency resolution is crucial for representing the harmonic modulation structure of Electronic music in particular. The proposed features outperform the two competing methods with an overall detection rate of 81%. After computing the cepstral modulation spectrum with efficient FFT operations, the computational complexity for feature extraction is fairly low as only 22 low-level features need to be computed.
A stress coping-based approach to organization, work group and individual effectiveness after downsizing

The need for a unified, cross-level (organization, work group, individual employee) model of organizational downsizing has been suggested by several authors (e.g., Kozlowski et al., 1993). The definition of "downizing," in terms applicable only at the organization level, prevents researchers from developing a more cohesive view of the impact of downsizing for the organization, work groups and individuals. In this paper, we define downsizing more broadly as a constellation of stressor events centering around pressures toward work force reductions which place demands upon the organization, work groups, and individual employees, and require a process of coping and adaptation. This stress-based view of downsizing allows researchers to develop concepts to guide research on downsizing that are more broadly applicable across levels of analysis. To show the advantages of this stress-based view of downsizing, this paper uses concepts from the stress coping literature to identify a set of critical dependent variables that should be studied in downsizing research. We argue that these variables are aplicable for organization, group, and individual employee-level research.
Inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER)‐evoked delayed neuronal death in the organotypic hippocampal culture

Programmed cell death involving gene regulation and de novo protein synthesis is a major component of both normal development and a number of disease conditions. Hence, knowledge of its mechanisms, especially transcription factors, that regulate expression of the genes involved in neurodegenerative disorders is of great importance. cAMP‐responsive element–binding protein (CREB) has repeatedly been implicated in the neuronal survival. In the present study we showed that inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), an endogenous CREB antagonist, is expressed during both excitotoxic and spontaneous neuronal cell death in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of ICER via an adenoviral vector evoked neuronal cell loss in such cultures. The time course of ICER‐dependent cell death was hippocampal subdivision specific, with dentate gyrus neurons dying mostly 3–7 days after the adenovector infection, followed by CA3, where neuronal death peaked after 7 days, and then CA1, where most neuronal death occurred after 7–14 days. These results underscore the usefulness of the organotypic cultures for studies of neurodegeneration and point to neuronal loss having a multifaceted nature in a complex cellular environment. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteoporosis and arthritis.

Recently, the field of metabolic bone disease has received prominent recognition because of the increased public awareness of the prevalence and problems associated with osteoporosis. Because of the enormous disability and health care costs resulting from this disease, attempts have been made to try to identify subjects at risk or those who have established disease for either preventive or therapeutic
Modern approaches to augmented reality: introduction to current approaches

Like virtual reality, augmented reality is becoming an emerging platform in new application areas for museums, edutainment, home entertainment, research, industry, and the art communities using novel approaches which have taken augmented reality beyond traditional eye-worn or hand-held displays. In this book, the authors discuss spatial augmented reality approaches that exploit optical elements, video projectors, holograms, radio frequency tags, and tracking technology, as well as interactive rendering algorithms and calibration techniques in order to embed synthetic supplements into the real environment or into a live video of the real environment. Special Features: - Comprehensive overview - Detailed mathematical equations - Code fragments - Implementation instructions - Examples of Spatial AR displays The authors have put together a preliminary collection of Errata. Updates will be posted to this site as necessary.
A review of the toxic effects and mechanisms of action of fumonisin B1

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium verticillioides, which commonly infects corn and other agricultural products. Fusarium species can also be found in moisture-damaged buildings, and, therefore, exposure of humans to Fusarium mycotoxins including FB1 may take place. FB1 bears a clear structural similarity to the cellular sphingolipids, and this similarity has been shown to disturb the metabolism of sphingolipids by inhibiting the enzyme ceramide synthase leading to accumulation of sphinganine in cells and tissues. FB1 is neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic in animals, and it has been classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. The cellular mechanisms behind FB1-induced toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity, as well as alterations in cytokine expression. The effects of FB1 on different parameters vary markedly depending on what types of cells are studied or what species they originate from. These aspects are important to consider when evaluating the toxic potential of FB1.
Heterogeneity of Brain Structural Variation and the Structural Imaging Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is often assumed to comprise a group of biologically distinct disorders, yet it has been difficult to dissect subgroups using biological markers. We review recent brain imaging morphometry studies addressing the issue of heterogeneity within the diagnostic category of schizophrenia. Studies of subgroups of schizophrenia patients have mostly used either symptom structure or clinical course for the delineation of potentially meaningful subgroups. Studies defining subgroups according to outcome, i.e. good versus poor outcome (or ‘non-Kraepelinian’ vs. ‘Kraepelinian’, respectively) have shown that while these two subgroups might overlap in the extent (and possibly also strength) of prefrontal deficits, they differ in temporal and occipital areas, where poor-outcome patients show stronger deficits. More recent studies have investigated subgroups of schizophrenia based on factor analysis of psychopathology. They have demonstrated a complex pattern of regional changes, where the typical three subgroups might overlap in prefrontal changes, but show divergence in structural deficits in other areas such as the thalamus, hippocampus, or cerebellum. Altogether, these studies demonstrate that brain structure per se is not a uniform endophenotype, but rather a combination of regional deficits highly heterogeneous in both meeting endophenotype criteria as well as in their distribution within the disease category.
Privacy Risk in Cybersecurity Data Sharing

As information systems become increasingly interdependent, there is an increased need to share cybersecurity data across government agencies and companies, and within and across industrial sectors. This sharing includes threat, vulnerability and incident reporting data, among other data. For cyberattacks that include sociotechnical vectors, such as phishing or watering hole attacks, this increased sharing could expose customer and employee personal data to increased privacy risk. In the US, privacy risk arises when the government voluntarily receives data from companies without meaningful consent from individuals, or without a lawful procedure that protects an individual's right to due process. In this paper, we describe a study to examine the trade-off between the need for potentially sensitive data, which we call incident data usage, and the perceived privacy risk of sharing that data with the government. The study is comprised of two parts: a data usage estimate built from a survey of 76 security professionals with mean eight years' experience; and a privacy risk estimate that measures privacy risk using an ordinal likelihood scale and nominal data types in factorial vignettes. The privacy risk estimate also factors in data purposes with different levels of societal benefit, including terrorism, imminent threat of death, economic harm, and loss of intellectual property. The results show which data types are high-usage, low-risk versus those that are low-usage, high-risk. We discuss the implications of these results and recommend future work to improve privacy when data must be shared despite the increased risk to privacy.
Systematic testing should not be a topic in the computer science curriculum!

In this paper we argue that treating "testing" as an isolated topic is a wrong approach in computer science and software engineering teaching. Instead testing should pervade practical topics and exercises in the computer science curriculum to teach students the importance of producing software of high quality. We point out that we, as teachers, are partly to blame that many software products are of low quality. We describe a set of teaching guidelines that conveys our main pedagogical point to the students: that systematic testing is important, rewarding, and fun, and that testing should be an integrated part of any software development process.
Environment and Resources

Rob Winthrop provides us with a comprehensive look at the domain of professional environmental anthropology. He begins by defi ning the fi eld ‐ which includes both “ environment ” and “ resources ” ‐ and charting its history as a practice arena, noting in particular how it has been put together in terms of areas of focus and action. Winthrop then proceeds to describe in detail the career arcs of seven environmental practitioners, beginning with himself and noting career highlights and major areas of focus. He concludes his chapter with a thoughtful discussion of lessons learned and some observations on the ethics of practice.
Compressing Data Cube in Parallel OLAP Systems

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm to compress the cubes in the progress of the parallel data cube generation. This low overhead compression mechanism provides block-by-block and record-by-record compression by using tuple difference coding techniques, thereby maximizing the compression ratio and minimizing the decompression penalty at run-time. The experimental results demonstrate that the typical compression ratio is about 30:1 without sacrificing running time. This paper also demonstrates that the compression method is suitable for Hilbert Space Filling Curve, a mechanism widely used in multi-dimensional indexing.
Object-Class Congruency: Improving the Quality of Classification Abstractions in Object-Oriented Software Systems

ions in Object-Oriented Software Systems Stephen W. Clyde (801) 378-6466 swc@osm7.cs.byu.edu David E. Embley (801) 378-6470 embley@cs.byu.edu Scott N. Woodfield (801) 378-2915 woodfiel@cs.byu.edu Brigham Young University Computer Science Department Provo, Utah 84602 © Brigham Young University, 1993 Object-Class Congruency: Improving the Quality of Classification Abstractions in Object-Oriented Software Systems Stephen W. Clyde David E. Embley Scott N. Woodfield Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 84602
Meaning reconstruction & the experience of loss.

Debunking the notion that an invariant sequence of stages of grief occurs among all who experience the death of a loved one, this groundbreaking volume clearly demonstrates that highly individual processes of meaning-making are at the heart of grief dynamics. Leading the reader through earlier conceptions of grief and mourning in which successful grieving is viewed as withdrawal of psychic energy from the deceased, the healthy role of continued symbolic bonds is stressed as well as appreciation of life-enhancing growth as one integrates the lessons of loss. A prominent theme in the volume is that symptoms in the bereaved have meaning-making significance, and that meaning reconstruction in response to loss is the central process in grieving. More scientifically oriented readers will find comprehensive discussions of research programmes supporting these tenets, particularly those linking grief with responses to loss involved in trauma. Practitioners will find clinically informed models and ample case descriptions to bridge concepts with the lived world of real people suffering real losses. All should find new paradigms for approaching loss and reconstruction of meaning in a respectful, revealing way that has significance both personally and professionally.
Emergence of influenza A (H1N1) PDM09 in the remote Islands of India - A molecular approach

Background: A disease outbreak of A (H1N1) PDM09 was reported in Andaman and Nicobar islands in 2009 with an attack rate of 33.5% among settler population and 26.3% among the aboriginal Nicobarese tribe. During the ongoing outbreak of A (H1N1) PDM09 disease in different parts of the world, a subject working in Dubai city of Saudi Arabia, came to Port Blair, following which the pandemic triggered for the first time in these Islands. Materials and Methods: During the period August 2009 to January 2011, 30 confirmed cases of Influenza A (H1N1) PDM09 virus infection was detected. To understand the genetic relationship, the NA gene sequences of the viruses were phylogenetically analysed together along with the virus sequence isolated from other parts of the world. Result: Formation of multiple clusters were observed, with the sequences of Andaman Islands, mainland India, Mexico, Saudi Arabia and few other counties clustering together. The sequence analysis data revealed that there was no specific mutation conferring resistance to oseltamivir among the Andaman A (H1N1) PDM09 virus isolates. The result of phylogenetic analysis have also revealed that the A (H1N1) PDM09 virus might have spread in these remote Islands of India via the subject from Saudi Arabia/Dubai. Conclusion: A (H1N1) PDM09 Influenza outbreak have highlighted the need to strengthen the region-specific pandemic preparedness plans and surveillance strategies.
NEUROCIENCIA, DROGAS, LEGALIDAD Y SOCIEDAD

This text states the vital necessity to carry out a deep and suitable research, not only from the neuroscience perspective, but also from the diverse homeostatic values of several enteogens, which are derived from substances affecting human behaviour. From the neuroscience basis, such research will allow to understand the elements in both the therapeutic and recreational use of these substances. The most objective knowledge on the personal doses will serve the law representatives to be able to act regarding the legislative administration of the possession or the use of some enteogens. This term refers to the substances used for either recreational or therapeutic use, such as the treatment of diseases. These substances are widely employed illegally around the world infringing legal norms. Although they have not been validated by neuroscience they have been legitimized by some people based on the varied therapeutic uses that receive theoretical support from some fundamental concepts that have not yet been studied from the perspective of the homeostatic brain values of enteogens.
Race, neighborhood context, and risk prediction

The role of neighborhood influence and context is largely absent from the literature on risk and prediction. In this paper, we argue that the differential treatment of black and white suspects, defendants, and offenders may result from the social and spatial mismatch, or separation, between both groups. This mismatch, in turn, has implications for attitudes towards members of both racial groups in the criminal justice system. Black neighborhoods are locked in a cycle of disadvantage in which certain structural characteristics – concentrated disadvantage, residential instability, high crime rates, racial/ethnic heterogeneity, and implicit racial biases – reciprocally influence each other. We propose a sociocognitive model that combines cognitive mechanisms of implicit racial bias (e.g. attitudes) and structural level (e.g. concentrated disadvantage) factors. The sociocognitive approach to risk prediction stresses the impact that personal beliefs and attitudes have on criminal justice actors’ decisions about whom to arrest, prosecute, and imprison and thereby provides a framework for explaining why racial discrimination persists within an atmosphere that prides itself on being neutral and yet is often anything but. Finally, we offer recommendations for reducing racial prejudice and stereotypes, and minimizing their effects on judgments involving risk.
Hypertension and retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking in a population.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of various retinal lesions to systemic hypertension in the population-based Beaver Dam Eye Study. DESIGN In this cross-sectional population-based study, blood pressure was measured using standardized protocols. Using standardized protocols, stereoscopic color fundus photographs were graded in a masked fashion to determine the presence of retinopathy (defined as retinal microaneurysms only, blot hemorrhages only, hemorrhages and/or microaneurysms, cotton-wool spots, hard exudates, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities, venous beading, and retinal new vessels), retinal arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking. PARTICIPANTS Subjects aged 43 through 84 years who lived in Beaver Dam, Wis, between 1987 and 1988 were examined between 1988 and 1990. People with diabetes or retinal vascular occlusions were excluded. RESULTS Retinopathy was present in 336 subjects (7.8%), arteriolar narrowing in 582 subjects (13.5%), and arteriovenous nicking in 95 subjects (2.2%) in the nondiabetic population. Hypertension was associated with increased frequency of retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking. After adjusting for age, hypertension was associated with the presence of retinopathy (in men: relative risk [RR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.96; in women: RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.27), arteriolar narrowing (in men: RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.74; in women: RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.64), and arteriovenous nicking (in men: RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.99 to 3.54; in women: RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.73). Retinopathy, arteriolar narrowing, and arteriovenous nicking were more frequent in those subjects whose blood pressure was elevated despite use of antihypertensive medications compared with those subjects whose blood pressure was controlled with antihypertensive medications or those who were normotensive. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that retinopathy and retinal arteriolar narrowing are common in people with hypertension. Further longitudinal study is necessary to evaluate the public health significance of these retinal lesions regarding possibly increased risk of renal and cardiovascular disease.
Passive eruption patterns in central incisors

ii To Katrina, my wonderful wife. Thank you for all your hard work. I will forever be grateful to you for allowing me to chase my dreams. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I must first thank Dr. Bhavna Shroff from the Department of Orthodontics at Virginia Commonwealth University for helping me with my first two research projects and for teaching me the importance of research. I also want to thank Drs. for participating on my thesis committee and helping me complete my last research project. I want to also thank some additional faculty here in the orthodontic program. Drs. Thank you for making my orthodontic education so valuable. I consider it an honor to have learned the art of orthodontics from you guys. It has been the highlight of my education. No acknowledgement for anything I do would be complete without acknowledging my family. Thanks to all of you for your continued support. I could not have done any of this without my wife, Katrina. Before her I was a wondering student with a constantly changing major. Now thanks to her I am an orthodontist.