Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Concise and Systematic Review on Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring for Potential Diabetes Management

The current standard of diabetes management depends upon the invasive blood pricking techniques. In recent times, the availability of minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring devices have made some improvements in the life of diabetic patients however it has its own limitations which include painful insertion, excessive cost, discomfort and an active risk due to the presence of a foreign body under the skin. Due to all these factors, the non-invasive glucose monitoring has remain a subject of research for the last two decades and multiple techniques of non-invasive glucose monitoring have been proposed. These proposed techniques have the potential to be evolved into a wearable device for non-invasive diabetes management. This paper reviews research advances and major challenges of such techniques or methods in recent years and broadly classifies them into four types based on their detection principles. These four methods are: optical spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, electromagnetic sensing and nanomaterial based sensing. The paper primarily focuses on the evolution of non-invasive technology from bench-top equipment to smart wearable devices for personalized non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring in these four methods. With the rapid evolve of wearable technology, all these four methods of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring independently or in combination of two or more have the potential to become a reality in the near future for efficient, affordable, accurate and pain-free diabetes management.
A reciprocal branching problem for automorphic representations and global Vogan packets

Abstract Let G be a group and let H be a subgroup of G. The classical branching rule (or symmetry breaking) asks: For an irreducible representation π of G, determine the occurrence of an irreducible representation σ of H in the restriction of π to H. The reciprocal branching problem of this classical branching problem is to ask: For an irreducible representation σ of H, find an irreducible representation π of G such that σ occurs in the restriction of π to H. For automorphic representations of classical groups, the branching problem has been addressed by the well-known global Gan–Gross–Prasad conjecture. In this paper, we investigate the reciprocal branching problem for automorphic representations of special orthogonal groups using the twisted automorphic descent method as developed in [13]. The method may be applied to other classical groups as well.
A compendium of pseudoholomorphic beasts in R x (S^1 x S^2)

This article describes various moduli spaces of pseudoholomorphic curves on the symplectization of a particular overtwisted contact structure on S^1 x S^2. This contact structure appears when one considers a closed self dual form on a 4-manifold as a symplectic form on the complement of its zero locus. The article is focussed mainly on disks, cylinders and three-holed spheres, but it also supplies groundwork for a description of moduli spaces of curves with more punctures and non-zero genus.
Ensemble Learning Aided QPSO-Based Framework for Secrecy Energy Efficiency in FD CR-NOMA Systems

Cognitive radio (CR), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and full-duplex (FD) communications have been considered key technologies for providing spectrum utilization improvement and higher energy efficiency on the Internet of Things (IoT) networks and next-generation communication. However, security concerns are still an issue to be addressed because confidential information is exposed in wireless systems. To solve this problem, we design a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for maximizing the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) in FD cooperative relay underlay CR-NOMA systems that are exposed to multiple eavesdroppers. First, we formulate the non-convex SEE optimization problem as bi-level optimization, subject to constraints that satisfy the quality-of-service requirements of secondary users. In particular, the outer problem is solved with ensemble learning (EL) to select the optimal relay. Regarding the inner problem, we propose a quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO)-based technique to optimize power allocation. In addition, for comparison purposes, we describe a cooperative relay CR network with orthogonal multiple access (OMA), rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA), and half-duplex technologies. Moreover, we evaluate comparative schemes based on machine learning algorithms and swarm intelligence baseline schemes. Furthermore, the proposed EL-aided QPSO-based framework achieves performance close to the optimal solutions, with a meaningful reduction in computation complexity.
Nonlinear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations

We study the nonlinear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations in the dark matter power spectrum and the correlation function using renormalized perturbation theory. In a previous paper we showed that renormalized perturbation theory successfully predicts the damping of acoustic oscillations; here we extend our calculation to the enhancement of power due to mode coupling. We show that mode coupling generates additional oscillations that are out of phase with those in the linear spectrum, leading to shifts in the scales of oscillation nodes defined with respect to a smooth spectrum. When Fourier transformed, these out-of-phase oscillations induce percent-level shifts in the acoustic peak of the two-point correlation function. We present predictions for these shifts as a function of redshift; these should be considered as a robust lower limit to the more realistic case that includes, in addition, redshift distortions and galaxy bias. We show that these nonlinear effects occur at very large scales, leading to a breakdown of linear theory at scales much larger than commonly thought. We discuss why virialized halo profiles are not responsible for these effects, which can be understood from basic physics of gravitational instability. Our results are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations, and can bemore » used as a starting point for modeling baryon acoustic oscillations in future observations. To meet this end, we suggest a simple physically motivated model to correct for the shifts caused by mode coupling. « less
The Role of ERG11 Point Mutations in the Resistance of Candida albicans to Fluconazole in the Presence of Lactate

Candidiasis refers to both superficial and deep-tissue fungal infections often caused by Candida albicans. The treatment of choice for these infections is the use of azoles, such as fluconazole (FLC). However, the increased use of antifungal agents has led to the emergence of azole-resistant isolates of C. albicans. Thus, the development of alternative drugs that are more efficient and with a better toxicological profile is necessary. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility profile of C. albicans CAF2-1 strain to FLC in the presence of glucose or lactate. The research was also focused on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the determination of the effect of the identified point mutations on the amino acid sequence of the Erg11 protein. The results show the growth of C. albicans CAF2-1 in the presence of FLC was significantly lower in the presence of lactate than in glucose. As a result, among recorded 45 amino acid mutations, the following mutations may be associated with the reduced susceptibility of C. albicans to FLC: G10D, G10V, I11M, I11R, Y13N, F31V, L35F, A249D, Q250H, E266G, R267G, N273K, D275C, D275G, D275R. Moreover, a twice higher number of hot-spot mutations was found in the presence of glucose as a sole carbon source compared to cells grown on lactate.
A Comprehensive Study on the Design Methodology of Level Shifter Circuits

The level shifter (LS) circuit has become an indispensable circuit component in both analog and digital systems. In the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in the academic publications for the LS circuits to improve their performances and their applications. Therefore, this review paper provides a comprehensive study of the LS circuit, ranging from circuit topologies and various design methodologies such as sizing methodology, layout design methodology, circuit evaluation methodology, and testing methodology. Finally, we evaluate the state-of-the-art LS circuits and present their performance metrics.
From partitions to Hodge numbers of Hilbert schemes of surfaces

We celebrate the 100th anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan's election as a Fellow of the Royal Society, which was largely based on his work with G. H. Hardy on the asymptotic properties of the partition function. After recalling this revolutionary work, marking the birth of the ‘circle method’, we present a contemporary example of its legacy in topology. We deduce the equidistribution of Hodge numbers for Hilbert schemes of suitable smooth projective surfaces. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Srinivasa Ramanujan: in celebration of the centenary of his election as FRS’.
MMGK: Multimodality Multiview Graph Representations and Knowledge Embedding for Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis

The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is an early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has great clinical significance. Medical imaging and gene sequencing technologies have provided sufficient multimodality data for MCI diagnostic studies. However, how to effectively extract the rich representations from multimodality data remains a challenging task. To address this challenging task, we propose a new multimodality multiview graph representations and knowledge embedding (MMGK) framework to diagnose MCI. First, to obtain rich information from multimodality data, we extract multiview feature representations from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic data. Afterward, considering the correlations between subjects, all subjects are constructed into a graph based on the different single-view feature representations, respectively. To further enrich the correlations between subjects, demographic data are utilized through knowledge embedding. Finally, to perform MCI diagnosis on multiview graphs, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are utilized. In addition, to further improve the performance of MCI diagnosis, a two-step ensemble learning method is proposed. The proposed framework is evaluated on 188 subjects from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Experimental results show that our proposed framework achieves good performance with accuracy reaching 0.888, and outperforms some state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. In addition, the proposed framework is applied to Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and achieves 0.856 accuracy. Overall, our proposed method has potential for clinical application in MCI diagnosis and other diseases via integrating MRI, genetic data, and demographic data. Our code is available at: https://github.com/miacsu/MMGK.
RIS-Assisted Scheduling for High-Speed Railway Secure Communications

With the rapid development of high-speed railway systems and railway wireless communication, the application of ultra-wideband millimeter wave band is an inevitable trend. However, the millimeter wave channel has large propagation loss and is easy to be blocked. Moreover, there are many problems such as eavesdropping between the base station (BS) and the train. As an emerging technology, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can achieve the effect of passive beamforming by controlling the propagation of the incident electromagnetic wave in the desired direction. We propose a RIS-assisted scheduling scheme for scheduling interrupt flows and improving quality of service (QoS). In the propsed scheme, an RIS is deployed between the BS and multiple mobile relays (MRs). By jointly optimizing the beamforming vector and the discrete phase shift of the RIS, the constructive interference between direct link signals and reflected link signals can be achieved, and the channel capacity of eavesdroppers is guaranteed to be within a controllable range. Finally, the purpose of maximizing the number of successfully scheduled flows and satisfying their QoS requirements can be practically realized. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme has superior performance regarding the number of completed flows and the system secrecy capacity over four baseline schemes in literature.
The asymptotic Fermat’s Last Theorem for five-sixths of real quadratic fields

Let $K$ be a totally real field. By the asymptotic Fermat’s Last Theorem over$K$ we mean the statement that there is a constant $B_{K}$ such that for any prime exponent $p>B_{K}$, the only solutions to the Fermat equation $$\begin{eqnarray}a^{p}+b^{p}+c^{p}=0,\quad a,b,c\in K\end{eqnarray}$$ are the trivial ones satisfying $abc=0$. With the help of modularity, level lowering and image-of-inertia comparisons, we give an algorithmically testable criterion which, if satisfied by $K$, implies the asymptotic Fermat’s Last Theorem over $K$. Using techniques from analytic number theory, we show that our criterion is satisfied by $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})$ for a subset of $d\geqslant 2$ having density ${\textstyle \frac{5}{6}}$ among the squarefree positive integers. We can improve this density to $1$ if we assume a standard ‘Eichler–Shimura’ conjecture.
On the existence of mass minimizing rectifiable G chains in finite dimensional normed spaces

We introduce the notion of density contractor of dimension m in a finite dimensional normed space X. If m+1=dim X this includes the area contracting projectors on hyperplanes whose existence was established by H. Busemann. If m=2, density contractors are an ersatz for such projectors and their existence, established here, follows from work by D. Burago and S. Ivanov. Once density contractors are available, the corresponding Plateau problem admits a solution among rectifiable G chains, regardless of the group of coefficients G. This is obtained as a consequence of the lower semicontinuity of the $m$ dimensional Hausdorff mass, of which we offer two proofs. One of these is based on a new type of integral geometric measure.
Some algebraic identities for the alpha-permanent

We show that the permanent of a matrix is a linear combination of determinants of block diagonal matrices which are simple functions of the original matrix. To prove this, we first show a more general identity involving \alpha-permanents: for arbitrary complex numbers \alpha and \beta, we show that the \alpha-permanent of any matrix can be expressed as a linear combination of \beta-permanents of related matrices. Some other identities for the \alpha-permanent of sums and products of matrices are shown, as well as a relationship between the \alpha-permanent and general immanants. We conclude with a discussion of the computational complexity of the \alpha-permanent and provide some numerical illustrations.
Asymmetric Airfoil Morphing via Deep Reinforcement Learning

Morphing aircraft are capable of modifying their geometry configurations according to different flight conditions to improve their performance, such as by increasing the lift-to-drag ratio or reducing their fuel consumption. In this article, we focus on the airfoil morphing of wings and propose a novel morphing control method for an asymmetric deformable airfoil based on deep reinforcement learning approaches. Firstly, we develop an asymmetric airfoil shaped using piece-wise Bézier curves and modeled by shape memory alloys. Resistive heating is adopted to actuate the shape memory alloys and realize the airfoil morphing. With regard to the hysteresis characteristics exhibited in the phase transformation of shape memory alloys, we construct a second-order Markov decision process for the morphing procedure to formulate a reinforcement learning environment with hysteresis properties explicitly considered. Subsequently, we learn the morphing policy based on deep reinforcement learning techniques where the accurate information of the system model is unavailable. Lastly, we conduct simulations to demonstrate the benefits brought by our learning implementations and validate the morphing performance of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method provides an average 29.8% performance improvement over traditional methods.
Hypocoercivity in Phi-Entropy for the Linear Relaxation Boltzmann Equation on the Torus

This paper studies convergence to equilibrium for the spatially inhomogeneous linear relaxation Boltzmann equation in Boltzmann entropy and related entropy functionals, the p-entropies. Villani proved in [28] entropic hypocoercivity for a class of PDEs in a Hormander sum of squares form. It was an open question to prove such a result for an operator which does not share this form. We prove a closed entropy-entropy production inequalitya la Villani which implies exponentially fast convergence to equilibrium for the linear Boltzmann equation with a quantitative rate. The key new idea appearing in our proof is the use of a total derivative of the entropy of a projection of our solution to compensate for an error term which appears when using non-linear entropies. We also extend the proofs for hypocoercivity for the linear relaxation Boltzmann to the case of Φ-entropy functionals.
Sparse Signals Recovery from Noisy Measurements by Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

Recently, many practical algorithms have been proposed to recover the sparse signal from fewer measurements. Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is one of the most effective algorithm. In this paper, we use the restricted isometry property to analysis the algorithm. We show that, under certain conditions based on the restricted isometry property and the signals, OMP will recover the support of the sparse signal when measurements are corrupted by additive noise.
A Depression-Risk Mental Pattern Identified by Hidden Markov Model in Undergraduates

Few studies have examined depression risk screening approaches. Universal depression screening in youth typically focuses on directly measuring the current distress and impairment by several kinds of depression rating scales. However, as many people have stigmatizing attitudes to individuals with depression, youths with depression were in fear of being known, and embarrassment held them back from reporting their depression symptoms. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the best, most easy access screening approach for indirectly predicting depression risks in undergraduates. Here, the depression score was ranked and viewed as the different stages in the development of depression; then, we used a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach to identify depression risks. Participants included 1247 undergraduates (female = 720, mean age = 19.86 years (std =1.31), from 17 to 25) who independently completed inventories for depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, subjective well-being (life satisfaction, negative and positive affect), and coping styles (positive and negative). Our findings indicated that the risk pattern (state 1) and the health pattern (state 2) showed distinct different rating results in emotional regulation, subjective well-being, and coping style. Screening for prospective risk of depression can be better accomplished by HMM incorporating subjective well-being, emotion regulation, and coping style. This study discussed the implications for future research and evidence-based decision-making for depression screening initiatives.
Tractor calculus, BGG complexes, and the cohomology of Kleinian groups

For a compact, oriented, hyperbolic $n$-manifold $(M,g)$, realised as $M= \Gamma \backslash \mathbb{H}^{n}$ where $\Gamma$ is a torsion-free cocompact subgroup of $SO(n,1)$, we establish and study a relationship between differential geometric cohomology on $M$ and algebraic invariants of the group $\Gamma$. In particular for $\mathbb{F}$ an irreducible $SO(n,1)$-module, we show that the group cohomology with coefficients $H^{\bullet}(\Gamma, \mathbb{F})$ is isomorphic to the cohomology of an appropriate projective BGG complex on $M$. This yields the geometric interpretation that $H^{\bullet}(\Gamma, \mathbb{F})$ parameterises solutions to certain distinguished natural PDEs of Riemannian geometry, modulo the range of suitable differential coboundary operators. Viewed in another direction, the construction shows one way that non-trivial cohomology can arise in a BGG complex, and sheds considerable light on its geometric meaning. We also use the tools developed to give a new proof that $H^{1} (\Gamma, S_{0}^{k} \mathbb{R}^{n+1}) \neq 0$ whenever $M$ contains a compact, orientable, totally geodesic hypersurface. All constructions use another result that we establish, namely that the canonical flat connection on a hyperbolic manifold coincides with the tractor connection of projective differential geometry.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Indole-Functionalized Derivatives of Betulin

Pentacyclic triterpenes, including betulin, are widespread natural products with various pharmacological effects. These compounds are the starting material for the synthesis of substances with promising anticancer activity. The chemical modification of the betulin scaffold that was carried out as part of the research consisted of introducing the indole moiety at the C-28 position. The synthesized new 28-indole-betulin derivatives were evaluated for anticancer activity against seven human cancer lines (A549, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, DLD-1, HT-29, A375, and C32). It was observed that MCF-7 breast cancer cells were most sensitive to the action of the 28-indole-betulin derivatives. The study shows that the lup-20(29)-ene-3-ol-28-yl 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)acetate caused the MCF-7 cells to arrest in the G1 phase, preventing the cells from entering the S phase. The performed cytometric analysis of DNA fragmentation indicates that the mechanism of EB355A action on the MCF-7 cell line is related to the induction of apoptosis. An in silico ADMET profile analysis of EB355A and EB365 showed that both compounds are bioactive molecules characterized by good intestinal absorption. In addition, the in silico studies indicate that the 28-indole-betulin derivatives are substances of relatively low toxicity.
Structural Dimension Exploration and Measurement Scale Development of Employee Involution in China’s Workplace Field

The phenomenon of workplace involution has attracted ample attention. How to make employees treat their work with the correct attitude and behavior and improve their work performance has become a realistic proposition. This study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, with the help of grounded theory, to conduct an exploratory study on the structural dimensions of employee involution in the Chinese workplace and, on this basis, to develop and test the measurement scale. The research results show that employee involution is a multi-dimensional construct with rich connotations, including four dimensions: inefficient busyness, exhaustion of innovation, promotion anxiety, and internal competition. The measurement scale consists of four factors and 13 items. The factor analysis results showed that the developed scale’s reliability and validity reached an ideal level. To a certain extent, this study promotes the recognition and attention of various types of organizations at all levels to involution. The research conclusions provide theoretical guidance for employees to get rid of the involution crisis and will motivate managers to formulate better intervention measures to prevent and reduce workplace involution.