Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An enhanced decision-making framework for predicting future trends of sharing economy

This work aims to provide a reliable and intelligent prediction model for future trends in sharing economy. Moreover, it presents valuable insights for decision-making and policy development by relevant governmental bodies. Furthermore, the study introduces a predictive system that incorporates an enhanced Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm and a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) forecasting framework. The method utilizes an improved simulated annealing mechanism and a Gaussian bare bone structure to improve the original HHO, termed SGHHO. To achieve optimal prediction performance and identify essential features, a refined simulated annealing mechanism is employed to mitigate the susceptibility of the original HHO algorithm to local optima. The algorithm employs a mechanism that boosts its global search ability by generating fresh solution sets at a specific likelihood. This mechanism dynamically adjusts the equilibrium between the exploration and exploitation phases, incorporating the Gaussian bare bone strategy. The best classification model (SGHHO-KNN) is developed to mine the key features with the improvement of both strategies. To assess the exceptional efficacy of the SGHHO algorithm, this investigation conducted a series of comparative trials employing the function set of IEEE CEC 2014. The outcomes of these experiments unequivocally demonstrate that the SGHHO algorithm outperforms the original HHO algorithm on 96.7% of the functions, substantiating its remarkable superiority. The algorithm can achieve the optimal value of the function on 67% of the tested functions and significantly outperforms other competing algorithms. In addition, the key features selected by the SGHHO-KNN model in the prediction experiment, including " Form of sharing economy in your region " and " Attitudes to the sharing economy ", are important for predicting the future trends of the sharing economy in this study. The results of the prediction demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an accuracy rate of 99.70% and a specificity rate of 99.38%. Consequently, the SGHHO-KNN model holds great potential as a reliable tool for forecasting the forthcoming trajectory of the sharing economy.
HIV-specific T-cell Responses and Generalized Activation in HIV-1 Infected Long-term Non-progressors and Progressors from South India

Background: Anti-viral cytokine expressions by cytotoxic T-cells and lower activation rates have been reported to correlate with suppressed HIV replication in long-term non-progressors (LTNP). Immune mechanisms underlying disease non-progression in LTNP might vary with HIV-1 subtype and geographical locations. Objective: This study evaluates cytokine expression and T-cells activation in relation to disease non-progression in LTNP. Methods: HIV-1 Subtype C infected LTNP (n=20) and progressors (n=15) were enrolled and flowcytometry assays were performed to study HIV-specific CD8 T-cells expressing IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α and MIP-1β against gag and env peptides. CD4+ T-cell activation was evaluated by surface expression of HLADR and CD38. Results: Proportions of cytokines studied did not differ significantly between LTNP and progressors, while contrasting correlations with disease progression markers were observed in LTNP. CD4+ T-cell activation rates were significantly lower in LTNP compared to progressors which indicate the potential role of T-cell activation rates in disease non-progression in LTNP. Conclusion: LTNP and progressors showed similar CD8+ T-cell responses, but final conclusions can be drawn only by comparing multiple immune factors in larger LTNP cohort with HIV-1 infected individuals at various levels of disease progression. A possible role of HIV-1 subtype variation and ethnic differences in addition to host-genetic and viral factors cannot be ruled out.
EFCAM: A METHOD FOR ASSESSING ALTERATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW COMPONENTS

The environmental flow components (EFCs) are a set of 34 streamflow statistics computed by the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software, which are used for environmental flow assessments and developing environmental flow recommendations. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a methodology for analysing and summarizing the alteration of EFCs, called the EFC assessment method (EFCAM). EFCAM uses non‐parametric rank‐sum statistical tests, sometimes in conjunction with per cent change, to produce ratings of alteration for each EFC statistic, for both central tendency and range of variability. These ratings are combined into summary indexes of alteration, by event type (extreme low flow, low flow, high‐flow pulse, small flood and large flood), flow characteristic (frequency, magnitude, duration, timing and rise/fall rates) and overall. EFCAM is demonstrated by analyzing typical patterns of EFC changes in 66 rivers across the United States where flow is altered by dams. The results reported here show that EFCAM is an effective method for efficiently summarizing flow alteration of ecologically relevant components of flows, and hence would be a useful addition to the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration software. Results of this study show an overall trend towards compression of the hydrograph from above and below into a more limited overall range on these 66 rivers. The results shown here add to previous findings on dam impacts on river flows by separating out alteration in different segments of the hydrograph, and identify some patterns of alteration not previously reported. Although the version of EFCAM used here is believed to be appropriate for most situations, it is flexible and can be tailored to the needs of a particular project by including or excluding certain flow statistics or using a different weighting system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling Soil Temperature Variations

This paper reports on modeling soil temperature variations. Transient heat flow principles were used in the study, with the assumptions that the heat flow was one-dimensional, the soil was homogenous and that the thermal diffusivity was constant. Average conditions are also assumed. The annual and diurnal (daily) soil temperature cycles were modeled with fairly good accuracy. Differences in measured and predicted soil temperatures were determined at the annual level at depths 0cm (surface), 5cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 50cm and 100cm while the differences were determined at the diurnal level at depths 5cm, 20cm and 30cm at 9a.m and 3p.m. For the annual cycle; the lowest average absolute error (1.230C) was obtained at the soil surface, with the highest average error (3.520C) obtained at the 10cm soil depth. For the diurnal cycle; the average error was 1.070C at 9am while it was 3.670C at 3p.m. The damping depths for the study area (Ilorin) were 224cm, 12cm and 2cm for the annual, diurnal and hourly cycles, respectively. JARD Vol. 2 2003: pp. 100-109
The Dynamics of Labour Productivity across Italian Provinces: Convergence and Polarization

This paper analyses the dynamics of labour productivity across Italian Provinces in the period 1995-2006. Inequality decreased but a clear pattern of polarization emerged, with the formation of a cluster of high-productive provinces in the North and Centre-West of Italy and a cluster of low-productive provinces in the South and in the Centre-East. The growth of employment exerted a negative impact on the growth of productivity, as well as the number of self-employers per inhabitants, and the degree of openness to trade. On the contrary the share of population with tertiary education had a positive impact. A core of provinces belonging to five regions (Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany and Lazio) appears to benefit of a higher growth of productivity. This regional component favoured both inequality and polarization. On the contrary, the initial level of productivity decreased inequality but increased polarization.
Effects of medical and nursing group rounds combined with emotional nursing on quality of life and emotion in patients with malignant lymphoma

To investigate the effects of medical and nursing visits in the same group combined with emotional care on the quality of life and emotions of patients with malignant lymphoma. One hundred sixty cases of malignant lymphoma patients admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to July 2022 were selected as retrospective study subjects and divided into 80 cases each in the control group and the observation group according to the different nursing methods. Among them, the control group implemented conventional emotional care, and the observation group implemented medical and nursing visits in the same group on the basis of the control group. The differences in quality of life, anxiety-related scores and sleep quality between the 2 groups of patients with malignant lymphoma before and after nursing were compared. After nursing, the mental vitality (P = .015), social interaction (P < .001), emotional restriction (P = .007), and mental status (P = .028) scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. After nursing, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (P < .001) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (P < .001) of malignant lymphoma patients in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the sleep quality (P < .001), increased awakening (P < .001), sleep disturbance (P < .001), night terrors (P < .001) scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The combination of medical and nursing group checkups and emotional care can effectively improve the quality of life and sleep of patients with malignant lymphoma and reduce adverse emotions, which is beneficial to patient prognosis and clinical treatment. It has certain reference value for the care of patients with malignant lymphoma.
Seasonal Heat and Salt Balance in the Upper Gulf of California

ABSTRACT Montes, J.M. ; Lavín, M.F. , and Parés-Sierra, A.F. , 2016. Seasonal heat and salt balance in the Upper Gulf of California. The salinity and heat balance, as well as the seasonal variation of the average absolute salinity (⟨SA⟩) and conservative temperature (⟨Θ⟩), were described by using data from 24 cruises within four domains in the Upper Gulf of California (UGC). Monthly values of SA and Θ, and surface fluxes obtained from ERA-Interim reanalysis data sets were fitted to a seasonal signal, and the horizontal fluxes of salinity and heat content were calculated by using balance equations. The UGC exports salt and heat to the Northern Gulf of California (NGC) almost all year, with an annual mean of 1.6 g/kg per year for the salinity flux and 0.16 terawatts (TW) for the heat flux. The results suggest that the net excess of evaporation (∼0.8 m/y) and heat gain by the surface (∼70 W/m2) are the main factors controlling the exchange of salinity and heat between the UGC and the NGC. To help identify the relevant dynamic factor involved in the heat and salinity balances, a high-resolution numerical model, the regional ocean modeling system (ROMS), was implemented for the region. The main feature of the UGC circulation consists of a cyclonic surface flow that extends downward as a laterally sheared flow pattern, with inflow at the Sonora coast side and outflow at the Baja California coast side. Although the cyclonic circulation pattern remains most of the year, the maximum velocities (∼0.20 m/s) are reached in June. The results indicate that the major exchange between the UGC and the NGC occurs in June and July when the net volume transport (∼0.9 Sverdrups) is dominated by the horizontal overturning transport.
Effects of transient bottom water currents and oxygen concentrations on benthic exchange rates as assessed by eddy correlation measurements

[1] Eddy correlation (EC) measurements in the benthic boundary layer (BBL) allow estimating benthic O2 uptake from a point distant to the sediment surface. This noninvasive approach has clear advantages as it does not disturb natural hydrodynamic conditions, integrates the flux over a large foot-print area and allows many repetitive flux measurements. A drawback is, however, that the measured flux in the bottom water is not necessarily equal to the flux across the sediment-water interface. A fundamental assumption of the EC technique is that mean current velocities and mean O2 concentrations in the bottom water are in steady state, which is seldom the case in highly dynamic environments like coastal waters. Therefore, it is of great importance to estimate the error introduced by nonsteady state conditions. We investigated two cases of transient conditions. First, the case of transient O2 concentrations was examined using the theory of shear flow dispersion. A theoretical relationship between the change of O2 concentrations and the induced vertical O2 flux is introduced and applied to field measurements showing that changes of 5–10 μM O2 h−1 result in transient EC-fluxes of 6–12 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, which is comparable to the O2 uptake of shelf sediments. Second, the case of transient velocities was examined with a 2D k-e turbulence model demonstrating that the vertical flux can be biased by 30–100% for several hours during changing current velocities from 2 to 10 cm s−1. Results are compared to field measurements and possible ways to analyze and correct EC-flux estimates are discussed.
Morphology and Characterization of Ditch Soils at an Atlantic Coastal Plain Farm

Some materials in drainage ditches that have traditionally been referred to and studied as sediments may be soils. In this study, we described and characterized materials found within agricultural ditches at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Research Farm (Princess Anne, MD). Sixty-nine profi les were described in 10 ditches ranging in length from 225 to 550 m. Particle size, pH, and organic C were analyzed on 21 representative profi les. The materials met the defi nition of a soil in that they supported rooted vegetation. Samples of initial parent material were not collected; however, evidence was observed that horizons had formed through pedogenic processes including organic matter humifi cation and accumulation, structure formation, Fe oxidation and reduction, sulfuricization, sulfi dization, translocation, and bioturbation. Ditch soils were generally A horizons formed in loamy alluvial sediments eroded from loess-derived topsoil over gravelly and sandy C horizons formed in Coastal Plain sediments. Soil structure was described in 75% of A horizons. Redoximorphic features were described in 41% of A and 63% of C horizons. Organic C ranged from 0.4 to 124 g kg −1 . Monosulfi dic black oozes were observed on some soil surfaces; geological sulfi dic materials were observed at depth. Shallow ditches (<1.5 m) tended to have structure and a layer in the substratum with a bright matrix color. Deep ditches (1.5–4 m) tended to have high n value, structureless sola, and Fe-depleted subsoil horizons. The presence of plants and the operation of pedologic processes may signifi cantly affect ditch ecosystems and environmental functions.
Evidence for fluid‐triggered slip in the 2009 Mount Rainier, Washington earthquake swarm

A vigorous swarm of over 1000 small, shallow earthquakes occurred 20–22 September 2009 beneath Mount Rainier, Washington, including the largest number of events ever recorded in a single day at Rainier since seismic stations were installed on the edifice in 1989. Many events were only clearly recorded on one or two stations on the edifice, or they overlapped in time with other events, and thus only ~200 were locatable by manual phase picking. To partially overcome this limitation, we applied waveform‐based event detection integrated with precise double‐difference relative relocation. With this procedure, detection and location goals are accomplished in tandem, using cross‐correlation with continuous seismic data and waveform templates constructed from cataloged events. As a result, we obtained precise locations for 726 events, an improvement of almost a factor of 4. These event locations define a ~850 m long nearly vertical structure striking NNE, with episodic migration outward from the initial hypocenters. The activity front propagates in a manner consistent with a diffusional process. Double‐couple‐constrained focal mechanisms suggest dominantly near‐vertical strike‐slip motion on either NNW or ENE striking faults, more than 30° different than the strike of the event locations. This suggests the possibility of en echelon faulting, perhaps with a component of fault opening in a fracture‐mesh‐type geometry. We hypothesize that the swarm was initiated by a sudden release of high‐pressure fluid into preexisting fractures, with subsequent activity triggered by diffusing fluid pressure in combination with stress transfer from the preceding events.
A New Climatic Map of the Dominican Republic Based on the Thornthwaite Classification

In this paper, we present the results of a climatic analysis based on 30-year (1971-2000) averages of precipitation and air temperature monthly data from 115 air temperature and precipitation stations of the National Meteorological Office and National Hydraulic Resources Institute of the Dominican Republic. The performed analysis provides a synthesis of the climate of the Dominican Republic, consistent with its orography and the atmospheric dynamics typical for the Caribbean region. According to the analysis, 54% of the Dominican territory can be classified as dry or semi-dry, and hence quite vulnerable to extensive or intensive land use practices, especially if inappropriate, with important implications in terms of water supplies, both for human consumption and for crop irrigation. This highlights the need to adopt appropriate policies to reduce vulnerability to climate change which, according to predictions, will lead to an increase in aridity.
Quantitative interferometric microscopic flow cytometer with expanded principal component analysis method

Quantitative interferometric microscopy is used in biological and medical fields and a wealth of applications are proposed in order to detect different kinds of biological samples. Here, we develop a phase detecting cytometer based on quantitative interferometric microscopy with expanded principal component analysis phase retrieval method to obtain phase distributions of red blood cells with a spatial resolution ~1.5 μm. Since expanded principal component analysis method is a time-domain phase retrieval algorithm, it could avoid disadvantages of traditional frequency-domain algorithms. Additionally, the phase retrieval method realizes high-speed phase imaging from multiple microscopic interferograms captured by CCD camera when the biological cells are scanned in the field of view. We believe this method can be a powerful tool to quantitatively measure the phase distributions of different biological samples in biological and medical fields.
Blockchain based Secure Energy Marketplace Scheme to Motivate P2P Microgrids

In the past years trend of microgrids is increasing very fast to reduce peak-hour costs. However, in these systems, third parties are still involved in selling surplus energy. This results in increased cost of energy and there are many operational and security barriers in such systems. These issues can be solved by the decentralized distributed system of microgrids where a consumer can locally sell their surplus energy to another consumer. To deploy such a system, one must consider security barriers for the transaction of energy. This paper proposes a solution to these problems by devising a scheme as a marketplace where users interact with each other to buy and sell energy at better rates and get energy-generating resources on lease so that users do not have to worry about capital investment. Agreement between owner of resources and consumer is recorded on blockchain based smart contracts. In this paper, a survey is performed for existing well known, decentralized energy solutions. This paper also proposes an extra layer of security to leverage a shielded execution environment so that information of energy generated, utilized, and shared cannot be changed by consumers and third parties even if the system is compromised.
A high-resolution global-scale groundwater model

Groundwater is the world's largest accessible source of fresh water. It plays a vital role in satisfying basic needs for drinking water, agriculture and industrial activities. During times of drought groundwater sustains baseflow to rivers and wetlands, thereby supporting ecosystems. Most global-scale hydrological models (GHMs) do not include a groundwater flow component, mainly due to lack of geohydrological data at the global scale. For the simulation of lateral flow and groundwater head dynamics, a realistic physical representation of the groundwater system is needed, especially for GHMs that run at finer resolutions. In this study we present a global-scale groundwater model (run at 6' resolution) using MODFLOW to construct an equilibrium water table at its natural state as the result of long-term climatic forcing. The used aquifer schematization and properties are based on available global data sets of lithology and transmissivities combined with the estimated thickness of an upper, unconfined aquifer. This model is forced with outputs from the land-surface PCRaster Global Water Balance (PCR-GLOBWB) model, specifically net recharge and surface water levels. A sensitivity analysis, in which the model was run with various parameter settings, showed that variation in saturated conductivity has the largest impact on the groundwater levels simulated. Validation with observed groundwater heads showed that groundwater heads are reasonably well simulated for many regions of the world, especially for sediment basins ( R 2 = 0.95). The simulated regional-scale groundwater patterns and flow paths demonstrate the relevance of lateral groundwater flow in GHMs. Inter-basin groundwater flows can be a significant part of a basin's water budget and help to sustain river baseflows, especially during droughts. Also, water availability of larger aquifer systems can be positively affected by additional recharge from inter-basin groundwater flows.
Development and testing of a 0.5-inch microhole geophone package

Summary Tests of prototype horizontal and vertical microgeophones suitable for inclusion in 0.5-inch OD borehole geophone packages show sensitivities exceeding 20% of full-size borehole geophones. Borehole testing of conventional borehole geophones, microgeophones, and cemented-in geophones indicates qualitatively comparable performances for early arriving seismic energy from explosive shots in a neighboring well. Installation of access tubing for insertion of microgeophone packages in the annulus between production strings and casing in a pumped well was shown to be feasible. In the only case studied, microgeophones inserted in the access tubing appear to be well coupled and in a low noise environment.