Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bidirectional TX/RX Four-Element Phased Array at 60 GHz With RF-IF Conversion Block in 90-nm CMOS Process

A 60-GHz four-element bidirectional phased-array transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) chip with a two bit phase shifter (PS) and IF converter to/from 12 GHz, using a 90-nm CMOS process, is described. The array features 7-dB gain, measured noise figure of 9 dB, IPldB of -19 dBm for RX, and output Psat of +3.5 dBm for TX, drawing 60 mA from a 1.3-V supply. The rms amplitude and phase error of the PS is 0.7 dB and 2° max, respectively, from 57 to 66 GHz. This new architecture, together with the compact layout, decreases chip size by a factor of 2, compared to a separate TX and RX design. The use of passive PSs and combiners reduces the current consumption and minimizes temperature variation. An additional rms error of 0.3° and 0.07 dB was measured from 0°C to 80°C. Total die area is 1.6 × 1 mm2 and 1.6 × 0.65 mm2 with and without an IF converter block, respectively. First pass success was achieved by the closed ground environment design methodology of the passive structures and by proper layout. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a bidirectional 60-GHz array with the lowest reported chip power consumption and size.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CO-OPERATIVE DIVERSITY FOR FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

The main objective of this project is to investigate the cooperative diversity technique as a candidate solution for combating turbulence-induced fading over Free-Space Optical (FSO). In particular, we consider a decode-and-forward strategy with one relay over Free-Space Optical (FSO) links with intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). The error performance of this diversity scheme is derived in semi-analytical and closed form expressions in the presence and absence of background radiation, respectively. Results show the enhanced diversity orders that can be achieved over both Rayleigh and lognormal fading models. This work shows that the cooperative diversity can be useful in enhancing the performance of FSO links since the gain in diversity can compensate for this power penalty. In this work, we adopt the lognormal and Rayleigh turbulence-induced fading channel models Keyword: Free-Space Optical, Rayleigh and lognormal fading, cooperative diversity
Designing of High Speed Floating Gate Differential Ring RLC VCO with Error-Tracking MISO Filter for Low Noise Applications

This paper presents a new architecture of VCO based on floating gate differential ring architecture along with a comparative analysis of relaxation floating gate differential ring VCO and RC floating gate differential ring VCO along with an an approach of analytical designing of Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) filter based on the analysis of J. Satan sup. The main advantage of Multiple Input Single Output filter over Single Input Multiple Output is its ability to avoid interference. Though MISO filter is available in literature but our approach in this paper lies in the idea to use it in high speed transmitter with VCO. All the oscillators are designed using 180 nm technology. We use 1.8 V power supply for simulation. We analyze both linear VCO circuits and non-linear VCO circuits for measuring noise performance of our proposed VCO architecture. Frequency range of 1 GHz-5 GHz is used for noise analysis. The proposed architecture of floating gate differential ring VCO gives very good performance for increased frequency range. Due to the use of 5 stage ring structure in the proposed VCO architecture, the stability factor is increased with reduced noise. This new VCO will fulfill the demand of high speed transmitter for its high speed data transmission. The value of noise in the RF frequency range of 1 GHz-5 GHz comes out to be (6.02*10 (-10)) dBc/Hz. This noise value is comparatively low in comparison to other VCO architectures. We have also proved that with increase of capacitance value in VCO circuit, the power dissipation will be more. The stability factor is decreased with increase of the value of capacitance and inductance. The proposed floating gate RLC VCO will give promising result with low power, low noise and high stability factor. Our proposed VCO will give 244% better result in terms of noise as compared with the two stage RC differential ring VCO. Though the expected value of measured noise level is in the negative range but we prefer a very low offset due to the increased frequency range. With increase in frequency range for the high speed VCO, it is expected that the noise value should be more. To overcome this disadvantage and to make the noise level of our proposed VCO circuit low so that it will work as an ideal VCO, it is necessary to have its noise level to near about zero. The proposed VCO meets the demand of high speed circuit. CADENCE Virtuoso is used for simulation purpose.
Institutional Factors Influencing China?s Accounting Reforms and Standards

By analyzing the changes in the accounting environment of China during the recent economic reforms, this paper places the development of accounting reforms in China into perspective and assesses the desirability of China? s adopting accounting principles in close conformity with International Accounting Standards (IAS). The recent economic reforms, particularly the enterprise reform, in China have changed the corporate landscape and have profoundly altered the accounting environment. The Chinese accounting profession and government have responded with the enactment of a number of accounting regulations. These regulations have essentially transformed China? s accounting from the traditionally rigid and uniform system into a predominantly Anglo-Saxon approach to financial reporting. Accounting reform in China will be followed by the enactment of 30 detailed accounting standards which will bring China? s accounting practice into further conformity with IAS. However, the paper argues that accounting rules in China should not be formulated to cater to the need of a small number of firms which are already listed (or will be listed) on overseas stock exchanges. Rather, China GAAP should be designed to serve China? s large industrial and commercial enterprises that are characterized by extensive managerial autonomy and an effective separation of ownership and control. These enterprises in China operate in an accounting environment which differs considerably from that which is typically presumed by IAS. China? s accounting environment, both now and in the foreseeable future, is characterized by a lack of independent/professional auditing. Without an independent audit profession, information provided under IAS will be unreliable; therefore, adopting IAS may not be warranted in the specific context of China. The analysis sheds light on the role of IAS in developing and transitional economies with rudimentary auditing and judiciary infrastructure, suggesting the limit of accounting harmonization.
Abstract conflict driven learning

Modern satisfiability solvers implement an algorithm, called Conflict Driven Clause Learning, which combines search for a model with analysis of conflicts. We show that this algorithm can be generalised to solve the lattice-theoretic problem of determining if an additive transformer on a Boolean lattice is always bottom. Our generalised procedure combines overapproximations of greatest fixed points with underapproximation of least fixed points to obtain more precise results than computing fixed points in isolation. We generalise implication graphs used in satisfiability solvers to derive underapproximate transformers from overapproximate ones. Our generalisation provides a new method for static analysers that operate over non-distributive lattices to reason about properties that require disjunction.
Complexity and global rates of trust-region methods based on probabilistic models

Trust-region algorithms have been proved to globally converge with probability one when the accuracy of the trust-region models is imposed with a certain probability conditioning on the iteration history. In this paper, we study their complexity, providing global rates and worst case complexity bounds on the number of iterations (with overwhelmingly high probability), for both first and second order measures of optimality. Such results are essentially the same as the ones known for trust-region methods based on deterministic models. The derivation of the global rates and worst case complexity bounds follows closely from a study of direct-search methods based on the companion notion of probabilistic descent.
A combined measure of vascular risk for white matter lesions.

BACKGROUND Though hypertension is a commonly studied risk factor for white matter lesions (WMLs), measures of blood pressure may fluctuate depending on external conditions resulting in measurement error. Indicators of arterial stiffening and reduced elasticity may be more sensitive indicators of risk for WMLs in aging; however the interdependent nature of vascular indicators creates statistical complications. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine whether a factor score comprised of multiple vascular indicators would be a stronger predictor of WMLs than traditional measures of blood pressure. METHODS In a sample of well-characterized nondemented older adults, we used a factor analytic approach to account for variance common across multiple vascular measures while reducing measurement error. The result was a single factor score reflecting arterial stiffness and reduced elasticity. We used this factor score to predict white matter lesion volumes acquired via fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS The combined vascular factor score was a stronger predictor of deep WML (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and periventricular WML volumes (β = 0.49, p < 0.001). After accounting for the vascular factor, systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that a combined measure of arterial elasticity and stiffening may be a stronger predictor of WMLs than systolic and diastolic blood pressure accounting for the multicollinearity associated with a variety of interrelated vascular measures.
Assembly process modeling for virtual assembly process planning

Virtual assembly process planning (VAPP) provides a more efficient, intuitive and convenient method for assembly process planning. Previous efforts in this field are concentrated on how to assemble components together and how to analyze this assembly process in a virtual environment. However, how the interactive planning process can be modeled and organized, which is important for VAPP because of its significant influence on data organization and planning efficiency, are mostly not included. Based on analysis of the requirement of VAPP, a hierarchical assembly task list (HATL) model is proposed. In the model, assembly tasks are defined to express component assembling operations and are sequentially and hierarchically organized according to different subassemblies, which can perfectly model the construction process of product. For each assembly task, its major mission is to establish assembly relations, which is realized by an automatic geometrical constraint recognition mechanism. A three-layer virtual part model and a modified collision detection algorithm are firstly put forward to provide basic information for it. Then the automatic constraint recognition algorithm based on assembly intents filtering mechanism including destination intent, design intent and precedence intent, is detailed. All models and algorithms have been verified by a desktop-mode experiment VAPP system. However, it can also be suitable for immersive mode.
MULTIDIMENSIONAL EVENT CLASSIFICATION IN IMAGES FROM GAMMA-RAY AIR SHOWERS

Exploring signalsfrom outerspacehasbecomean observationalscienceunderfastexpansion:astroparticlephysics.Amongearthboundobservations,the techniqueof imaginggamma-rayCherenkov telescopesusingtheatmosphere ascalorimeteris aparticularlyrecenttechnique.Eventsin suchtelescopesappearas2-dimensionalimages,andthe imagecharacteristicshave to be used to discriminatebetweenthe interestinggammasandthe dominatingcharged particles,mostlyprotons.Presentechniquesof analysisexpresstheimagesin termsof severalparameters; thegoal is to find someteststatistic(s)which allow(s) to optimizetheclassification.Amongtheavailableclassificationtechniques,several have beenusedfor a comparati ve study, andmoreareunder investigation.Themethodswill bebriefly presented, remainingproblemsare discussed, somepreliminaryresultsareshown. 1 Cherenkov telescopesoneof many tools in astrophysics Astronomyandastrophysicshave maderapidprogressasanobservationalsciencein recentyears.They capturetodayparticlesof differentnatureandof very differentenergy, moreor lesswhatever thegalaxy andtheuniversesprayon uswithin thelimits setby instrumentation.Beyondthevenerableastronomical observationsat visible wavelengths,with a centuries-longhistory, andthoseof (charged)Cosmic Rays,startedlessthana hundredyearsago,oneobservesnow theelectromagneticspectrumover some 20 ordersof magnitude,from radioover microwave andopticalwavelengthsto X-raysandthehighest energy gamma-rays(seefigures1 and2). In the very recentpast,major neutrinodetectorshave been built or areunderconstructionthatwill alsocontribute importantinformation,or have alreadydoneso. For theelectromagneticspectrum,theabsorptionin theearth’ s atmospherevariessubstantiallyin functionof wavelength;for mostwavelengthsoutsidetheopticalandradiobands,instrumentshave to be flown on satellites. This wasalsowherethe first gammaobservationsweremade. Ground-based atmosphericCherenkov telescopesusingthe imagingtechniquearea comparati vely recentadditionto the panoplyof successfulinstruments,with the first resultsdemonstratednot before1985. They can be built with a much larger effective collectionareathandetectorssentinto orbit, andhencerespond to the lower fluxes of higher-energy primary gammas.On the other hand,the numberof observable Cherenkov photonsfor lower energy (below 100GeV) primaryphotonsbecomescomparati vely small, andcorrespondinglytheproblemsof discriminationagainstbackgroundgetenhanced; this translatesfor thedetectorinto generalrequirementsof optimallight collectionandof bestpossibleimageprocessing. Thisnotedealswith oneaspectof discrimination.For anearlyreview see[1].
High performance constraint satisfaction problem solving: state-recomputation versus state-copying

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) in artificial intelligence have been an important focus of research and have been a useful model for various applications. Most CSP solving techniques rely on a single processor. With the increasing popularization of multiple processors, parallel search methods are becoming alternatives to speed up search processing. In this paper, we present a forward checking algorithm that solves non-binary CSPs by distributing different branches of the search tree to different processors, i.e., an OR-parallel approach. However, the problem is how to efficiently communicate the state of the search among processors. Two parallel communication models, namely, state-recomputation and state-copying via message passing, are implemented and evaluated. The experimental results demonstrate that when constraints are tight, the state-recomputation model has better performance than the state-copying model, but when constraints are loose, the state-copying model is a better choice.
Handling Objects by Their Handles

This paper presents an efficient method to decide robust grasps given new objects using example-based learning. A robust grasp is a stable grasp, suitable for object manipulation. Adaptability to object manipulation is ensured by imitating the human choice of the object grasping component, its handle. Stability is obtained by computing contact points, ensuring force-closure property, on that handle.
Impaired Function of the Blood-Testis Barrier during Aging Is Preceded by a Decline in Cell Adhesion Proteins and GTPases

With increasing age comes many changes in the testis, including germ cell loss. Cell junctions in the testis tether both seminiferous epithelial and germ cells together and assist in the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which limits transport of biomolecules, ions and electrolytes from the basal to the adluminal compartment and protects post-meiotic germ cells. We hypothesize that as male rats age the proteins involved in forming the junctions decrease and that this alters the ability of the BTB to protect the germ cells. Pachytene spermatocytes were isolated from Brown Norway rat testes at 4 (young) and 18 (aged) months of age using STA-PUT velocity sedimentation technique. RNA was extracted and gene expression was assessed using Affymetrix rat 230 2.0 whole rat genome microarrays. Microarray data were confirmed by q-RT-PCR and protein expression by Western blotting. Of the genes that were significantly decreased by at least 1.5 fold, 70 were involved in cell adhesion; of these, at least 20 are known to be specifically involved in junction dynamics within the seminiferous epithelium. The mRNA and protein levels of Jam2, Ocln, cdh2 (N-cadherin), ctnna (α-catenin), and cldn11 (involved in adherens junctions), among others, were decreased by approximately 50% in aged spermatocytes. In addition, the GTPases Rac1 and cdc42, involved in the recruitment of cadherins to the adherens junctions, were similarly decreased. It is therefore not surprising that with lower expression of these proteins that the BTB becomes diminished with age. We saw, using a FITC tracer, a gradual collapse of the BTB between 18 and 24 months. This provides the opportunity for harmful substances and immune cells to cross the BTB and cause the disruption of spermatogenesis that is observed with increasing age.
Hybrid and hierarchical resource locating model based on Chord

This paper puts forward hybrid and hierarchical resource locating model based on Chord (HHRLMC),this model is divided into two layers, the upper layer consisted Super-Peers constructs resource location based on Chord[1] ring, the lower layer adopts centralized scheme with the Super-Peers for center and Pure-Peer for edge. In the process of searching resource, the system can comprehensively use resource directly locating based on Chord and flooding [2]full-text search[3] are two ways to search resource, which expends searching coverage. This paper simulates the model with P2PSim tool and analyzes the performance of the improved model.
Cluster-based mobility management for target tracking in mobile sensor networks

Target tracking being an important application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), engrossed lot of research across the world among WSN researchers. Node mobility in mobile sensor networks is a challenge that affects several other factors like energy consumption, coverage and connectivity changes etc., asking for a well managed node mobility scheme, balancing the associated trade-offs. In spite of the amount of research that goes in to this field there is a demanding need for works which concentrate on both the tracking quality as well as routing efficiency. The work presents a completely distributed efficient localized target tracking algorithm in a mobile sensor network. This work implements location based clustering and combines the concepts of cluster scheduling and intra cluster node scheduling to achieve reduction in energy consumption and efficiency in tracking. It proposes a new application specific deployment for efficient target detection.
Circulating Endocannabinoids and the Polymorphism 385C>A in Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Gene May Identify the Obesity Phenotype Related to Cardiometabolic Risk: A Study Conducted in a Brazilian Population of Complex Interethnic Admixture

The dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system is associated with cardiometabolic complications of obesity. Allelic variants in coding genes for this system components may contribute to differences in the susceptibility to obesity and related health hazards. These data have mostly been shown in Caucasian populations and in severely obese individuals. We investigated a multiethnic Brazilian population to study the relationships among the polymorphism 385C>A in an endocannabinoid degrading enzyme gene (FAAH), endocannabinoid levels and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Fasting plasma levels of endocannabinoids and congeners (anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, N-oleoylethanolamide and N-palmitoylethanolamide) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in 200 apparently healthy individuals of both genders with body mass indices from 22.5 ± 1.8 to 35.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2 (mean ± 1 SD) and ages between 18 and 60 years. All were evaluated for anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, metabolic variables, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein, and genotyping. The endocannabinoid levels increased as a function of obesity and insulin resistance. The homozygous genotype AA was associated with higher levels of anandamide and lower levels of adiponectin versus wild homozygous CC and heterozygotes combined. The levels of anandamide were independent and positively associated with the genotype AA position 385 of FAAH, C-reactive protein levels and body mass index. Our findings provide evidence for an endocannabinoid-related phenotype that may be identified by the combination of circulating anandamide levels with genotyping of the FAAH 385C>A; this phenotype is not exclusive to mono-ethnoracial populations nor to individuals with severe obesity.
MODELING AND PREDICTING SONG ADJACENCIES IN COMMERCIAL ALBUMS

This paper examines whether latent structure may be discovered from commercially sold albums using features characterizing their song’s adjacencies. We build a large-scale dataset from the ﬁrst 5 songs of 8,505 commercial albums. The dataset spans multiple artists, genres, and decades. We generate a training set ( Train ) consisting of 11,340 True song adjacencies and use it to train a mixture of multivariate gaussians. We also generate two disjoint test sets ( Test 1 and Test 2 ), each having 11,340 True song adjacencies and 45,360 Artiﬁcial song adjacencies. We perform feature subset selection and evaluate on Test 1 . We test our model on Test 2 in a standard retrieval setting. The model achieves a precision of 22.58%, above baseline precision of 20%. We compare this performance against a model trained and tested on a smaller dataset and against a model that uses full-song features. In the former case, precision is better than the large scale experiment (24.80%). In the latter case, the model achieves precision no better than baseline (20.13%). Noting the difﬁculty of the retrieval task, we speculate that using features which characterize song adjacency may improve Automatic Playlist Generation (APG) systems.
Are Research and Development Tax Credits Effective? The Economic Impacts of A R&D Tax Credit in New Hampshire

This paper uses detailed study of a proposed research and development (R&D) tax credit in one U.S. state, New Hampshire, to gain insight on an important public finance issue: the motivations for and the economic costs and benefits of R&D tax credits. the paper reviews the policy considerations and assesses the potential economic impacts of enacting a proposed R&D tax credit in New Hampshire in 2006. Policy analysis and formal economic modeling of the economic costs and benefits of alternative R&D tax credit policies are provided for New Hampshire. This includes estimates of the potential employment and personal income gains, changes in R&D investments, and tax revenue costs. the review of the state R&D tax credit policies and the New Hampshire modeling and simulations support the view that a R&D tax credit policy can have a positive impact on a state's R&D investments, employment and income growth. It also highlights, however, that the net fiscal effect can be negative and that the aggregate (national) welfare effects are not adequately considered and require further inquiry.