Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analyses of the AtfA/AtfB-Mediated Menadione Stress Response in Aspergillus nidulans

The bZIP transcription factors (TFs) govern regulation of development, secondary metabolism, and various stress responses in filamentous fungi. In this work, we carried out genome-wide expression studies employing Illumina RNAseq to understand the roles of the two bZIP transcription factors AtfA and AtfB in Aspergillus nidulans. Comparative analyses of transcriptomes of control, ΔatfA, ΔatfB, and ΔatfAΔatfB mutant strains were performed. Dependence of a gene on AtfA (AtfB) was decided by its differential downregulation both between the reference and ΔatfA (ΔatfB) strains and between the ΔatfB (ΔatfA) and the ΔatfAΔatfB strains in vegetatively grown cells (mycelia) and asexual spores (conidia) of menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)-treated or untreated cultures. As AtfA is the primary bZIP TF governing stress-response in A. nidulans, the number of differentially expressed genes for ΔatfA was significantly higher than for ΔatfB in both mycelial and conidial samples, and most of the AtfB-dependent genes showed AtfA dependence, too. Moreover, the low number of genes depending on AtfB but not on AtfA can be a consequence of ΔatfA leading to downregulation of atfB expression. Conidial samples showed much higher abundance of atfA and atfB mRNAs and more AtfA- and AtfB-affected genes than mycelial samples. In the presence of MSB, the number of AtfB- (but not of AtfA-) affected genes decreased markedly, which was accompanied with decreased mRNA levels of atfB in MSB-treated mycelial (reference strain) and conidial (ΔatfA mutant) samples. In mycelia, the overlap between the AtfA-dependent genes in MSB-treated and in untreated samples was low, demonstrating that distinct genes can be under AtfA control under different conditions. Carbohydrate metabolism genes were enriched in the set of AtfA-dependent genes. Among them, AtfA-dependence of glycolytic genes in conidial samples was the most notable. Levels of transcripts of certain secondary metabolitic gene clusters, such as the Emericellamide cluster, also showed AtfA-dependent regulation. Genes encoding catalase and histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins showed AtfA-dependence under all experimental conditions. There were 23 AtfB-dependent genes that did not depend on AtfA under any of our experimental conditions. These included a putative α-glucosidase (agdB), a putative α-amylase, calA, which is involved in early conidial germination, and an alternative oxidase. In summary, in A. nidulans there is a complex interaction between the two bZIP transcription factors, where AtfA plays the primary regulatory role.
Reconciling measurements in AFM reference metrology when using different probing techniques

CD-AFM can report CD measurements to several nanometer differences when different probing techniques including probe types, scan methods, or data analyses are employed on the same sample despite using standard calibration techniques. This potentially weakens the assertion that this instrument is inherently accurate. It is particularly important to resolve these discrepancies given the measurement challenges where multiple probing techniques need to be employed to get complete CD information. Probe type refers to tip construction methods that can significantly affect geometrical aspects of probe such as effective length, width, and edge height as well as material composition and coating. Scan code refers to CD or DT mode of tool operation. Analysis includes probe geometry deconvolution and measurement algorithms. These challenges in measurement accuracy are especially significant for the foot or bottom CD metrology of 3D structures. This paper explores the impact of these different probing techniques on the measurement accuracy. In one series of experiments, measurements for different probing techniques are compared when the test and the referencing structures are composed of similar material and possess smooth vertical profiles. The investigation is then extended to explore the accuracy of bottom CD measurement of non vertical profiles encountered in actual process development. A hybrid method using CD and DT modes has been tested to measure the bottom CD of challenging pitch structures. The limited space for the probe is particularly problematic for CD mode but the accuracy of DT mode for CD measurement is a concern. Other challenges will also be discussed along with possible solutions. CD-AFM has increased uncertainty when it comes to measuring within 15 nm of the bottom of a structure. In this regime details of the shape of the probe and the method by which this shape is extracted from the raw data become important. Measured CDs can vary by a few nanometers depending upon the algorithm employed for data analysis. These algorithms apply approximate methods for probe shape deconvolution from the raw data. Given all these sources of variation in CD determination it important to understand their impact on the accuracy of measurement in order to properly estimate uncertainty and drive improvement. Overall this paper provides a practical guideline in pursuit of accurate CD metrology and scope for improvements for upcoming technology nodes.
Highly stable amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors produced by eliminating deep subgap defects

Highly stable amorphous-In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) against constant current stress and negative bias light illumination stress were realized by forming a Y2O3 passivation layer. A recent photoemission study revealed that deep defects located above the valence band top are formed at a high density to a depth of ∼2 nm in the surface layer of the a-IGZO channel. Here, we present that these deep defects are responsible for the instability of a-IGZO TFTs, and the instability can be much improved by passivation with Y2O3, which effectively eliminates the deep subgap defects from the surface of a-IGZO.
Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Apoptotic, and M2 Polarized DSPC Liposome Nanoparticles for Selective Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Purpose Oxidative stress is one of the main pathogenic factors of atherosclerosis. However, no antioxidants have brought positive effects on the treatment of atherosclerosis. To selectively treat atherosclerosis, various means such as antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, and M2 polarization are used. The ultimate goal is that multiple regulatory pathways can help to treat atherosclerosis. Patients and Methods In this study, Simvastatin (SIM) as a model drug, EGCG as an antioxidant agent, and distearyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) as major carriers were used to make liposome nanoparticles (SE-LNPs). The cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties of nanoparticles were tested in vitro. ApoE−/− atherosclerotic mice were treated with nanoparticles. The changes of aortic Oil red staining, blood lipid, HE, and Masson sections of the aortic root were observed. Results SE-LNPs exhibited a sustained release profile, potentially enabling the accumulation of the majority amount of drugs at the atherosclerotic plaque. The phagocytosis effect was stronger in RAW. The anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of the formulation were verified in vitro. SE-LNPs promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. The therapeutic effect of SE-LNPs was assessed in the ApoE−/− mice model of atherosclerosis. SE-LNPs reduced reactive oxygen species and lipids in vivo. The results of Oil red staining, blood lipid, HE, and Masson sections of the aortic root showed the recovery of the focus. Conclusion Studies have shown that SE-LNPs could resist oxidation, and apoptosis, promote M2 polarization, and reduce blood lipids and lesions, which is a reliable and selective treatment for atherosclerosis.
Anticorrosive Epoxy Coatings Enhanced with Rice Husk Derived-Graphene

Coatings are the most common corrosion control practice. Therefore, it is very important to discover the most cost-effective and environmentally-friendly coating materials for sustainability. When dispersed in epoxy resin, graphene has barrier properties that improve the anticorrosive performance of the metal significantly. Graphene can be synthesized from agricultural waste. Herein, graphene derived from rice husk and epoxy resin was developed with solution mixing to prepare graphene-epoxy coating composites with enhanced anti-corrosive properties. X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the synthesized graphenes. The anticorrosive properties of the coatings were characterized by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which resulted in the corrosion resistance of synthesized graphene and commercial reduced graphene oxide being better than commercial graphene. The impedance and corrosion rate values of synthesized graphene are 1.77 x 105 Ω and 0.00011 mm/year.
Ticagrelor Resistance in Cardiovascular Disease and Ischemic Stroke

Ticagrelor, acting as a reversible platelet aggregation inhibitor of P2Y12 receptors (P2Y12R), is regarded as one of the first-line antiplatelet drugs for acute cardiovascular diseases. Though the probability of ticagrelor resistance is much lower than that of clopidogrel, there have been recent reports of ticagrelor resistance. In this review, we summarized the clinical application of ticagrelor and then presented the criteria and current status of ticagrelor resistance. We further discussed the potential mechanisms for ticagrelor resistance in terms of drug absorption, metabolism, and receptor action. In conclusion, the incidences of ticagrelor resistance fluctuated between 0 and 20%, and possible mechanisms mainly arose from its absorption and receptor action. Specifically, a variety of factors, such as the drug form of ticagrelor, gut microecology, and the expression and function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and P2Y12R, have been shown to be associated with ticagrelor resistance. The exact mechanisms of ticagrelor resistance warrant further exploration, which may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of ticagrelor resistance.
Er:YAG laser irradiation on dentin: FT-Raman and SEM studies

This study evaluated the molecular and morphological changes on dentin elements after the Er:YAG laser irradiation. Six human third molars were selected and the occlusal one-third of the crown was removed. The dentin surface was schematically divided into areas corresponding to four surface treatments groups: Control (Group C): 37% phosphoric acid etching; Group I: Er:YAG laser 80mJ; Group II: Er:YAG laser 120mJ; Group III: Er:YAG laser 180mJ. The characterization was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-Transformed Raman Spectroscopy (FT-Raman) before and after the treatments. A reduction of the relative intensity for the spectra was observed in the Group II and III samples. The SEM photomicrographies revealed open dentin tubules in the control group specimens. The groups I, II and III presented partially open dentin tubules. SEM images showed that the laser-irradiated dentin surface was not favorable to the diffusion of monomers. The chemical information obtained by Raman spectroscopy showed that higher laser energies (180 mJ) affected more the phosphate, carbonate and the organic components of dentin.
A uniqueness result in an inverse hyperbolic problem with analyticity

We prove the uniqueness for the inverse problem of determining a coefficient $q(x)$ in $\partial _t^2 u(x,t) = \uDelta u(x,t) - q(x)u(x,t)$ for $x \in R^n$ and $t > 0$, from observations of $u\vert_{\Gamma\times(0,T)}$ and the normal derivative $\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}\vert_{\Gamma\times(0,T)}$ where $\Gamma$ is an arbitrary $C^{\infty}$-hypersurface. Our main result asserts the uniqueness of $q$ over $R^n$ provided that $T > 0$ is sufficiently large and $q$ is analytic near $\Gamma$ and outside a ball. The proof depends on Fritz John's global Holmgren theorem and the uniqueness by a Carleman estimate.
Sleep Patterns Fluctuate Following Training and Games across the Season in a Semi-Professional, Female Basketball Team

Quantifying athlete sleep patterns may inform development of optimal training schedules and sleep strategies, considering the competitive challenges faced across the season. Therefore, this study comprehensively quantified the sleep patterns of a female basketball team and examined variations in sleep between nights. Seven semi-professional, female basketball players had their sleep monitored using wrist-worn activity monitors and perceptual ratings during a 13-week in-season. Sleep variables were compared between different nights (control nights, training nights, training nights before games, nights before games, non-congested game nights, and congested game nights), using generalized linear mixed models, as well as Cohen’s d and odds ratios as effect sizes. Players experienced less sleep on training nights before games compared to control nights, training nights, nights before games, and congested game nights (p < 0.05, d = 0.43–0.69). Players also exhibited later sleep onset times on non-congested game nights compared to control nights (p = 0.01, d = 0.68), and earlier sleep offset times following training nights before games compared to all other nights (p < 0.01, d = 0.74–0.79). Moreover, the odds of players attaining better perceived sleep quality was 88% lower on congested game nights than on nights before games (p < 0.001). While players in this study attained an adequate sleep duration (7.3 ± 0.3 h) and efficiency (85 ± 2%) on average across the in-season, they were susceptible to poor sleep on training nights before games and following games. Although limited to a team-based case series design, these findings suggest basketball coaches may need to reconsider scheduling team-based, on-court training sessions on nights prior to games and consider implementing suitable psychological and recovery strategies around games to optimize player sleep.
Elucidating molecular and cellular targets and the antiprostate cancer potentials of promising phytochemicals: a review

Prostate cancer (PCa) has become the major health problem and the leading causes of cancer mortality among men. PCa often progresses from an early androgen-dependent form of cancer to a late (metastatic) androgen-independent cancer, for which no effective treatment options are available. Current therapies target testosterone depletion, androgen axis inhibition, androgen receptor (AR) downregulation and regulation PSA expression. These conventional treatment options, however, are intense and pose severe side effects. From the past few years, plant-derived compounds or phytochemicals have attracted much attention by the researchers worldwide for their promising approach in inhibiting the development and growth of cancer. This review emphasizes mechanistic role of promising phytochemicals on PCa. This review imparts to score anticancer efficacy of promising phyto-agents luteolin, fisetin, coumestrol and hesperidin with focus on the mechanistic action in management and treatment of PCa. These phytocompounds were also selected for their best binding affinity with the ARs on the basis of molecular docking studies.
An Inverse Conformal Projection of the Spherical and Ellipsoidal Geodetic Elements

Abstract Many studies, involving Earth's science, made by geodesists and geometers revealed the great importance of the two remarkably influential geodetic curves, which are known as geodesic and loxodrome. The most recent observations assembled from artificial satellites paid a great attention to the ellipticity of the Earth's equator. The biaxial ellipsoidal model was always manipulated as a simulate representation in favour of the triaxial model of the earth. Because the triaxial ellipsoidal surface has a changing curvature along the curve of constant latitude, the mathematical manipulation becomes complex and the computations are labour intensive. Also because the conformal map is flat or spherical in any sense, the formulae of spherical or plane trigonometry are applied. Unfortunately, the mathematics in the development of a geodesic on the ellipsoid and its image on the map are fairly complex, requiring advanced mathematics. Constructive geometry of the earth's surface has for a long time been devoted to the spherical model. The present paper offers the geometric model by which the constructive transformation of some ellipsoidal curves can be facilitated. The conformal transformation from/onto the ellipsoid and a spherical surface is utilized to set up the equations of the loxodrome on the ellipsoidal surface and the inverse of the geodesic curve from the ellipsoid to the conformal sphere. The procedure is illustrated and its merits are introduced by means of some practical geodetic problems.
Assessing Precipitation Over the Amazon Basin as Simulated by a Storm‐Resolving Model

In this study, we investigate whether a better representation of precipitation in the Amazon basin arises through an explicit representation of convection and whether it is related to the representation of organized systems. In addition to satellite data, we use ensemble simulations of the ICON‐NWP model at storm‐resolving (2.5–5.0 km) scales with explicit convection (E‐CON) and coarse resolutions, with parameterized convection (P‐CON). The main improvements in the representation of Amazon precipitation by E‐CON are in the distribution of precipitation intensity and the spatial distribution in the diurnal cycle. By isolating precipitation from organized convective systems (OCS), it is shown that many of the well simulated precipitation features in the Amazon arise from the distribution of these systems. The simulated and observed OCS are classified into 6 clusters which distinguish nocturnal and diurnal OCS. While the E‐CON ensembles capture the OCS, especially their diurnal cycle, their frequency is reduced compared to observations. Diurnal clusters are influenced by surface processes such as cold pools, which aid to the propagation of OCS. Nocturnal clusters are rather associated with strong low‐level easterlies, possibly related to the Amazonian low‐level jet. Our results also show no systematic improvement with a twofold grid refinement and remaining biases related to stratiform features of OCS suggest that yet unresolved processes play an important role for correctly representing precipitating systems in the Amazon.
Observer-based fault-tolerant control for a class of switched nonlinear systems

A class of nonlinear systems that are output–input stable in healthy situation is considered. An observer-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) method is proposed to make the origin asymptotically stable in spite of faults. The proposed FTC method can help to construct a family of Lyapunov functions for a class of switched nonlinear systems with unfixed or fixed dwell periods and to design a switching law that guarantees the fault-tolerant asymptotic stability of the origin. Several examples are included to illustrate the design procedures.
Spherically symmetric solutions in dimensionally reduced spacetimes

The author studies static solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations in D=m+n+2 dimensions which have the following symmetries: the solutions are spherically symmetric in (m+2) dimensions, (or more generally the m-sphere is replace by an arbitrary m-dimensional Einstein space), while the internal space is any arbitrary n-dimensional Einstein space. The global properties of all such solutions are derived by considering the equivalent dimensionally reduced system in (m+2) dimensions, and by using techniques from the theory of dynamical systems after a judicious choice of variables. Apart from the trivial case of the Schwarzschild solution with constant scalar field, all solutions are found to contain naked singularities or else not to be asymptotically flat, as would be expected from the 'no hair' theorems.
Synthesis, X-Ray Structure Analysis, Computational Investigations, and In Vitro Biological Evaluation of New Thiazole-Based Heterocycles as Possible Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract The thiazole ring is found in many pharmaceutical and natural products. In this article, the convenient synthesis of two new hybrid molecules carrying the thiazole nucleus linked to pyrazole or pyridine rings is described. The structure of the synthesized hybrids is confirmed by spectroscopic and X-ray analysis. Using Hirshfeld analysis, the molecular packing of thiazolyl-pyrazole hybrid 2 is controlled by many weak S…S, S…C, S…H, C…N, N…H, C…C, C…H and H…H non-covalent interactions. The percentage contributions of these contacts in the molecular packing are 1.6, 0.2, 22.1, 0.7, 7.9, 0.4, 27.5, and 39.6%, respectively. DFT calculations predicted the natural atomic charges, polarity, and frontier molecular orbitals and their derived reactivity parameters.
Role of collisionless trapped electron mode in tokamak plasmas with electron internal transport barrier

A self-sustained turbulence model for collisionless trapped electron mode is presented to examine the role of dynamics of trapped electrons in forming electron internal transport barrier (ITB) in tokamak plasmas with negative magnetic shear. Results show that strong negative magnetic shear as well as large Shafranov shift can lead to the precession drift reversal of trapped electrons and large reduction of anomalous electron heat conductivity; it may further trigger the formation of electron ITB. The complete precession drift reversal seems to be in good agreement with the onset condition of electron ITB observed in JT-60U discharges.
Stressors, Barriers and Facilitators Faced by Australian Farmers When Transitioning to Retirement: A Scoping Review

Farms in Australia are largely family owned and managed. Complex interactions between farming history, traditions, family, business, succession, identity and place can lead to difficulties in planning for retirement for farmers. Due to the significant implications of this for farmers’ health and wellbeing, there is a clear need to determine how farmers may be best supported through the work-to-retirement transition. This scoping review summarises the literature on Australian farmers’ retirement experiences and the stressors they face during this transition. Barriers and facilitators that may hinder or help farmers were also explored. The relevant peer-reviewed literature was identified through database searching and the grey literature was collected via a web-based search. Seven studies were included in the review. Poor health and diminishing capacity to work was identified as a key stressor related to retirement. Other drivers of stress (i.e., pressure to live up to farming ideals, perceiving retirement as a threat to self-identity and financial concerns) overlapped with barriers to retirement. Farmers identified gradual transition, strong social networks, variety in interests and activities and early financial and succession planning as key facilitators of retirement. Findings will help inform the development of interventions to assist Australian farmers through this challenging stage of their lives.
Functions of Steroid Hormones in the Male Reproductive Tract as Revealed by Mouse Models

Steroid hormones are capable of diffusing through cell membranes to bind with intracellular receptors to regulate numerous physiological processes. Three classes of steroid hormones, namely androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids, contribute to the development of the reproductive system and the maintenance of fertility. During the past 30 years, mouse models have been produced in which the expression of genes encoding steroid hormone receptors has been enhanced, partially compromised or eliminated. These mouse models have revealed many of the physiological processes regulated by androgens, estrogens and to a more limited extent glucocorticoids in the testis and male accessory organs. In this review, advances provided by mouse models that have facilitated a better understanding of the molecular regulation of testis and reproductive tract processes by steroid hormones are discussed.