Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capuchin (Cebus [Sapajus] Apella) Change Detection

Change blindness is a phenomenon in which individuals fail to detect seemingly obvious changes in their visual fields. Like humans, several animal species have also recently been shown to exhibit change blindness; however, no species of New World monkey has been tested to date. Nine capuchins (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) were trained to select whether or not a stimulus changed on a computerized task. In four phases of testing, the search display and mask durations were varied systematically. Only one phase yielded significant results, with subjects detecting changes most accurately with longer search displays and, perplexingly, least accurately when there was no mask. No interactions between search display and mask durations were found in any test phase, suggesting that the relationship between the two parameters may be less important to how capuchins perceive changes. INDEX WORDS: Change blindness, Change detection, Monkey, Capuchin, Attention CAPUCHIN (CEBUS [SAPAJUS] APELLA) CHANGE DETECTION
Qt benchmark suite for embedded devices

Embedded computing systems appear everywhere nowadays. Because their power has been increasing constantly, the demand to make these systems more intelligent and interactive has been also increasing. A part of improving system intelligence and interactivity is to create user interfaces which are responsive even in most complex environments. This, when coupled with a need to minimize hardware costs, creates a challenge of finding a good balance between resource usage of rich content user interfaces and minimizing hardware requirements. Benchmarking has traditionally provided good answers to these kind of questions. However, most modern day benchmarks measuring graphical power of computing systems are mainly targeted for desktop or mobile platforms and do not offer alternatives for pure embedded systems. In this thesis, a benchmark suite for embedded systems using Qt, a crossplatform application framework, is created and evaluated. This suite is mostly targeted for users interested in finding out the graphical performance of their embedded hardware. The evaluation revealed strengths and weaknesses of devices measured. It also revealed strengths and weaknesses of the benchmark suite itself.
A novel method for crosstalk analysis of biological networks: improving accuracy of pathway annotation

Analyzing gene expression patterns is a mainstay to gain functional insights of biological systems. A plethora of tools exist to identify significant enrichment of pathways for a set of differentially expressed genes. Most tools analyze gene overlap between gene sets and are therefore severely hampered by the current state of pathway annotation, yet at the same time they run a high risk of false assignments. A way to improve both true positive and false positive rates (FPRs) is to use a functional association network and instead look for enrichment of network connections between gene sets. We present a new network crosstalk analysis method BinoX that determines the statistical significance of network link enrichment or depletion between gene sets, using the binomial distribution. This is a much more appropriate statistical model than previous methods have employed, and as a result BinoX yields substantially better true positive and FPRs than was possible before. A number of benchmarks were performed to assess the accuracy of BinoX and competing methods. We demonstrate examples of how BinoX finds many biologically meaningful pathway annotations for gene sets from cancer and other diseases, which are not found by other methods. BinoX is available at http://sonnhammer.org/BinoX.
Some Applications of Probability to Graph Theory and Combinatorial Problems

In the first chapter of my lecture I will discuss applications of probabilistic methods to RAMSAY’S theorem, next I will speak an problems of chromatic graphs and finally I will briefly mention some other problems. @“I will denate a graph of n vertices; a graph is called complete if all its vertices are adjacent. @(“) will denate the complementary graph of @) (i.e. two vertices in @‘j are adjacent if and only if they are not adjacent in @(“))> (k) will denote a complete graph of k vertices.
Traumatic Intracranial Hematomas: Prognostic Value of Contrast Extravasation

Contrast extravasation in hematomas predicts their growth and thus these authors assessed the prognostic value of this sign. Sixty patients with cerebral hematomas received CTA and/or perfusion CT within 24 hours of admission and then a follow-up CT at 72 hours. Fifty percent of patients showed contrast extravasation and this finding predicted poor in-hospital outcome. Recognition of contrast extravasation achieved a near perfect interobserver agreement. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast extravasation within spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is a well-described predictor of hematoma growth, poor clinical outcome, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of contrast extravasation in acute traumatic intracranial hematomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our institution, CTA (including PCCT) is the primary screening technique for cervical vascular injuries. Sixty consecutive patients with at least 1 acute intracranial hematoma (ICH, subdural hematoma, and/or epidural hematoma) meeting predefined size criteria, with CTA/PCCT performed within 24 hours of admission and follow-up CT within 72 hours of admission, were retrospectively evaluated for CE by 2 observers. The predictive value of CE for a composite outcome (hematoma expansion, need for hematoma evacuation, in-hospital mortality) was evaluated on a per-patient basis. Interobserver agreement for CE and the association between baseline variables and outcome were also examined. Different patterns of extravasation were evaluated on a per-lesion basis, with outcomes including hematoma expansion and evacuation. RESULTS: CE was present in 30 (50%) patients with almost perfect interobserver agreement (κ = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74–0.99). The per-patient multivariate analysis showed independent association of midline shift (P = .020), Glasgow Coma Scale score ≤8 (P = .024), and CE (P = .017), with poor outcome and demonstrated a trend toward poor outcome prediction for age 65 years or older (P = .050). In the per-lesion analysis, only extravasation identified on CTA (active and contained extravasation) was associated with hematoma expansion and evacuation. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast extravasation within intracranial hematomas predicts poor in-hospital outcome in the setting of acute traumatic intracranial injuries.
Evolution of OO Methods: the unified case

This paper takes an evaluative look into OO methods and especially the evolution of the new snified method from its ancestors, OMT and OODA. The paper ries to classify the components of the earlier ethods and identify the parts that have been taken into the Unified ethod. The research applies the method metrics approach. For the sake of compactness we limit ourselves to the class diagram technique of all methods. We make observations about the number of concepts in each variation and show how the metrics can be used to analyse the changes in the techniques.
Forest Change and Balsam Woolly Adelgig Infestation in High Elevation Forests of Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina.

-The Black Mountain range of western North Carolina supports some of the most extensive, but threatened high elevation forests in the southern Appalachians. Of particular note, the insect pathogen, balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratzeburg) has been present on Mt. Mitchell for over fifty years. In anticipation of potential changes in forest composition, vegetation surveys were first conducted in 1966 on nine one-acre plots near the summit of Mt. Mitchell. These plots were re-surveyed in 1978, 1985 and 2002. The purpose of this study was to re-census those plots and use those data to analyze long-term trends in forest composition for fir, spruce-fir, and spruce-fir-hardwood forest types. Since the 1960s and 1970s, all three forest types have experienced a transition away from an understory with a preponderance of Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. ) seedlings and saplings, to forests with higher densities of canopy and sub-canopy fir. Canopy red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) has similarly increased in density in the fir and spruce-fir types but declined in the spruce-fir-hardwood forest type. In all types, there has been a sharp decline in hardwood seedlings/saplings since a hardwood seedling explosion in 1978. The current analyses indicate that fir and spruce-fir forests have regenerated since the most severe die-offs and that each forest type will experience future impacts from balsam woolly adelgid but these will occur in a non-synchronous pattern.
Automatic 3D reconstruction: An exploration of the state of the art

—Presented here in the form of case study examples are the results from a number of practical exercises to explore the state of the art of automatic 3D reconstructions. That is, deriving the underlying geometry of an object or place based only upon photographs. There is a wide range of applications for this technology; traditionally it has been used for landscape/terrain modeling, geology and by the mining industry. The interest here is in capturing geometric data in archaeology, providing a new data format suited to a richer exploration compared to the more traditional photography. Examples of the use of this 3D geometric representation include the population of virtual worlds and gaming engines. The manual generation of such assets is normally both time consuming and can involve an element interpretation on the part of a human modeler.
A two-dimension fuzzy set based approach for matching touch-based gestures

This paper presents an enhanced fuzzy gesturing technique for the interaction between humans and a computerized system. Commonly, gestures are used in order to facilitate the interactive capabilities between humans and computerized systems. Unfortunately, most of current gesturing techniques don't deal at the same level of inaccuracy of gesturing, resulted from the nature of human fingers and hands movements. This paper aims, in a more flexible manner, to tackle the inaccuracy problem existed with gesture-based interactions between humans and a computerized system.
Temperature dependent degradation modes in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

This work is a study of the degradation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs generated by different ageing tests. The methodology is based on cross-characterisation analyses. The life tests (HTO 175°C, HTO 250°C, HTO 275°C and HTO 320°C) have mainly caused a strong decrease of the drain current at the very beginning of the test, then its partial recovery and finally its collapse. No evident degradation of the Schottky contact is observed after stress at different temperatures. Moreover, pulsed I-V measurements show an important evolution of gate lag and drain lag rates after ageing. Low frequency drain current noise increases after the life test and the highest the life test temperature, the highest the noise level increase.
Diversity of Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria in Spatially Isolated Regions of Lake Erie

ABSTRACT The diversity of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in the western basin of Lake Erie was studied using sequence analysis of mcyA gene fragments. Distinct populations of potentially toxic Microcystis and Planktothrix were found in spatially isolated locations. This study highlights previously undocumented diversity of potentially toxic cyanobacteria.
Expression of a Peroral Infection Factor Determines Pathogenicity and Population Structure in an Insect Virus

A Nicaraguan isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus is being studied as a possible biological insecticide. This virus exists as a mixture of complete and deletion genotypes; the latter depend on the former for the production of an essential per os transmission factor (pif1) in coinfected cells. We hypothesized that the virus population was structured to account for the prevalence of pif1 defector genotypes, so that increasing the abundance of pif1 produced by a cooperator genotype in infected cells would favor an increased prevalence of the defector genotype. We tested this hypothesis using recombinant viruses with pif1 expression reprogrammed at its native locus using two exogenous promoters (egt, p10) in the pif2/pif1 intergenic region. Reprogrammed viruses killed their hosts markedly faster than the wild-type and rescue viruses, possibly due to an earlier onset of systemic infection. Group success (transmission) depended on expression of pif1, but overexpression was prejudicial to group-specific transmissibility, both in terms of reduced pathogenicity and reduced production of virus progeny from each infected insect. The presence of pif1-overproducing genotypes in the population was predicted to favor a shift in the prevalence of defector genotypes lacking pif1-expressing capabilities, to compensate for the modification in pif1 availability at the population level. As a result, defectors increased the overall pathogenicity of the virus population by diluting pif1 produced by overexpressing genotypes. These results offer a new and unexpected perspective on cooperative behavior between viral genomes in response to the abundance of an essential public good that is detrimental in excess.
Efficient Multiagent Coordination in Dynamic Environments

Agent coordination is a fundamental task in designing and operating multiagent systems. However, in dynamically changing environments, coordination must balance proactive and reactive behaviors in order to enable efficient operations while retaining the necessary flexibility to react to unforeseen events. This paper introduces adaptive agent relationships for coping with these contradictory requirements. In this approach, agents dynamically establish relationships which are represented as interaction patterns. On the one hand, these patterns enable efficient coordination by restricting the number of potential interaction flows to those offering the best estimated outcome. On the other hand, they can adapt to environmental changes, as the agents continuously reconsider their relationships in a feedback loop of estimated interaction flows and actually observed coordination outcomes. The paper formalizes the agent decision-making process enabling adaptive relationships and applies it to a logistics network scenario. A comparative evaluation demonstrates its ability to efficiently coordinate agent interaction in a dynamic environment.
Review on MR-Compatible Robotic Systems

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and its functional applications (fMRI) play increasing roles in diagnostic and basic neuroscience. In contrast to the high demand for MR-compatible devices and robotic systems in both academic and practical fields, MR-compatibility has been a tough hurdle for developers. Since traditional electromagnetic components interact with the high magnetic field and become useless, researchers are working on MR-compatible actuation and sensor technologies, such as pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators, ultrasonic motors, optical sensors for position, force and torque detection, etc. This paper gives an overview of the MR environment, MR-compatibility, existing approaches to MR-compatible devices and robots, and applications of MR-compatible systems
Reductions in Atherogenic Lipids and Major Cardiovascular Events

Background: A continuous relationship between reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) has been observed in statin and ezetimibe outcomes trials down to achieved levels of 54 mg/dL. However, it is uncertain whether this relationship extends to LDL-C levels <50 mg/dL. We assessed the relationship between additional LDL-C, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B100 reductions and MACE among patients within the ODYSSEY trials that compared alirocumab with controls (placebo/ezetimibe), mainly as add-on therapy to maximally tolerated statin. Methods: Data were pooled from 10 double-blind trials (6699 patient-years of follow-up). Randomization was to alirocumab 75/150 mg every 2 weeks or control for 24 to 104 weeks, added to background statin therapy in 8 trials. This analysis included 4974 patients (3182 taking alirocumab, 1174 taking placebo, 618 taking ezetimibe). In a post hoc analysis, the relationship between average on-treatment lipid levels and percent reductions in lipids from baseline were correlated with MACE (coronary heart disease death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization) in multivariable analyses. Results: Overall, 33.1% of the pooled cohort achieved average LDL-C <50 mg/dL (44.7%–52.6% allocated to alirocumab, 6.5% allocated to ezetimibe, and 0% allocated to placebo). In total, 104 patients experienced MACE (median time to event, 36 weeks). For every 39 mg/dL lower achieved LDL-C, the risk of MACE appeared to be 24% lower (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.91; P=0.0025). Percent reductions in LDL-C from baseline were inversely correlated with MACE rates (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.89 per additional 50% reduction from baseline; P=0.003). Strengths of association materially similar to those described for LDL-C were observed with achieved non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100 levels or percentage reductions. Conclusions: In a post hoc analysis from 10 ODYSSEY trials, greater percentage reductions in LDL-C and lower on-treatment LDL-C were associated with a lower incidence of MACE, including very low levels of LDL-C (<50 mg/dL). These findings require further validation in the ongoing prospective ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01507831, NCT01623115, NCT01709500, NCT01617655, NCT01644175, NCT01644188, NCT01644474, NCT01730040, NCT01730053, and NCT01709513.
Mind the Gap: Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?

Numerous theoretical frameworks have been developed to explain the gap between the possession of environmental knowledge and environmental awareness, and displaying pro-environmental behavior. Although many hundreds of studies have been undertaken, no definitive explanation has yet been found. Our article describes a few of the most influential and commonly used analytical frameworks: early US linear progression models; altruism, empathy and prosocial behavior models; and finally, sociological models. All of the models we discuss (and many of the ones we do not such as economic models, psychological models that look at behavior in general, social marketing models and that have become known as deliberative and inclusionary processes or procedures (DIPS)) have some validity in certain circumstances. This indicates that the question of what shapes pro-environmental behavior is such a complex one that it cannot be visualized through one single framework or diagram. We then analyze the factors that have been found to have some influence, positive or negative, on pro-environmental behavior such as demographic factors, external factors (e.g. institutional, economic, social and cultural) and internal factors (e.g. motivation, pro-environmental knowledge, awareness, values, attitudes, emotion, locus of control, responsibilities and priorities). Although we point out that developing a model that tries to incorporate all factors might neither be feasible nor useful, we feel that it can help illuminate this complex field. Accordingly, we propose our own model based on the work of Fliegenschnee and Schelakovsky (1998) who were influenced by Fietkau and Kessel (1981).
On semiparametric identification of MISO Hammerstein systems

In this paper we develop a semi-parametric approach to the problem of identification of multivariate Hammerstein systems. A nonlinearity in general multivariate Hammerstein systems is represented by projecting the d-dimensional input signal onto one dimensional subset which, in turn, is mapped by a univariate nonparametric function to an internal signal of the system. Such a parsimonious representation allows us to overcome the curse of dimensionality present in the multivariate Hammerstein system. We identify the Hammerstein system via the semi-parametric version of the least- squares. A discussion on the statistical accuracy of the resulting estimates is given. This is also verified in numerous simulation studies.
When intergroup contact is uncommon and bias is strong: the case of anti-transgender bias

ABSTRACT In contrast to the centrality of ‘coming out’ in the gay rights movement, transgender people may be less likely to disclose their transgender status due to the severity of anti-transgender stigma, structural factors and differences in how transgender status and sexual identity are expressed. As a consequence, intergroup contact with transgender people may be less common than gay contact, which may limit its effectiveness. In Study 1 (N = 174), transgender contact was much less frequent than gay contact, and transgender contact frequency was not associated with anti-transgender bias, although more positive transgender contact was associated with lower anti-transgender bias, and gay contact frequency was also independently associated with lower anti-transgender bias. In Study 2 (N = 277), greater transgender ‘media contact’ was associated with increased empathy for transgender people and decreased anti-transgender bias. In addition, several participants left unsolicited anti-transgender comments at the end of the study, and these participants tended to have less transgender contact and were higher in right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Our results suggest that increasing contact with the LGBT community and increasing media representations of transgender people may decrease anti-transgender bias. Future directions building on these results are discussed.
On the Existence of Optimal Union of Subspaces Fitting

As a generalization of the subspace fitting, the union of subspaces fitting problem consists in finding an union of subspaces in some given family that best fits to the finite data. This report provides a detailed review of the main reference [4] about the existence of such optimal solution. Proofs for a series of unproved statements in the reference are given. A basic background in topology and functional analysis in connection with the problem is also included to explain the ideas of the paper. Applications to specific problems are discussed to illustrate the tools in the paper .
Quantification of gait parameters in freely walking wild type and sensory deprived Drosophila melanogaster

Coordinated walking in vertebrates and multi-legged invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster requires a complex neural network coupled to sensory feedback. An understanding of this network will benefit from systems such as Drosophila that have the ability to genetically manipulate neural activities. However, the fly's small size makes it challenging to analyze walking in this system. In order to overcome this limitation, we developed an optical method coupled with high-speed imaging that allows the tracking and quantification of gait parameters in freely walking flies with high temporal and spatial resolution. Using this method, we present a comprehensive description of many locomotion parameters, such as gait, tarsal positioning, and intersegmental and left-right coordination for wild type fruit flies. Surprisingly, we find that inactivation of sensory neurons in the fly's legs, to block proprioceptive feedback, led to deficient step precision, but interleg coordination and the ability to execute a tripod gait were unaffected. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00231. 001