Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analog Optimum Torque Control IC for a 200-W Wind Energy Harvesting System

An optimum torque (OT) control integrated circuit (IC) is implemented for harvesting the most available energy from a wind turbine generator (WTG) in a wind energy harvesting (WEH) system. For maximum power point tracking (MPPT), a rotor speed detector is proposed to obtain the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the WTG output voltage, which is proportional to the rotor speed. Then, three-phase current references are generated by multiplying the RMS value with the three-phase WTG output voltages for regulating the three-phase WTG output currents to achieve OT control. Further, a background calibration circuit is also implemented for adjusting the OT trajectory to maintain high MPPT efficiency. Moreover, to achieve a high power factor and low total current harmonic distortion (THD<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{i}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), this brief applies three-phase carrier-based current sinusoidal PWM to drive a fully controlled boost rectifier. The chip is fabricated in 0.5-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${ \mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process with a 0.35-mm<sup>2</sup> chip area and measured with a WTG test rig designed to emulate the electrical output of a WTG. Measurement shows the proposed IC with fully controlled boost rectifier achieves 96.1% peak power conversion efficiency, 0.99 power factor, and 1.7% minimum THD<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{i}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> based on a 200-W WEH system. Compared with prior IC-implemented state-of-the-arts, this brief featuring well-designed circuit linearity has superior power conversion efficiency and THD<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{{i}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Statistical Assessment of the Core Losses in Ring Cores due to Geometrical Properties

In this paper, the impact of laminated steel ring cores’ geometric properties on core losses is investigated by means of inferential statistics. In particular, iron loss standardized measurements taken upon ring core specimens that underwent identical manufacturing processes, are compared via two-sample t-tests to establish the existence of statistically significant differences between the samples. The experimental data is then reproduced via Finite-Element Analysis integrating the Jiles-Atherton model of hysteresis.
Improved Core Loss Calculations in Soft Magnetic Composites Considering 3-D Magnetic Flux Density Vectors and Geometry Dependent Eddy Currents

This paper explains the mechanism of core loss calculations in three-dimensional (3-D) flux electrical machines with soft magnetic composite materials. The nature of magnetic fields in SMC is 3-D and rotational. In traditional laminated electrical machines, the magnetic field is assumed to be alternating and along an axis. Soft magnetic composites differ from laminated steels in terms of magnetic field distribution within material. Electrical resistivity measurements in different grades of SMC indicate that these magnetic materials usually do not have a unique value of electrical resistivity at a given temperature. This causes discrepancy in loss computations through finite element electromagnetic simulations. Electrical resistivity of SMC components might be avoided in computation of power losses. Therefore, we propose empirically modified Steinmetz equation coefficients for different grades of SMC materials which can be used by other machine designers. The data was obtained by experiments and has been further implemented in more general forms of Steinmetz’s law. The three-dimensional magnetic field vectors in SMC based electrical machines have been incorporated into some useful mathematical equations to compute the losses accurately.
Rising Inequality: Transitory or Permanent? New Evidence from a Panel of U.s. Tax Returns Rising Inequality: Transitory or Permanent? New Evidence from a Panel of U.s. Tax Returns

We use a new, large, and confidential panel of tax returns to study the permanent-versus-transitory nature of rising inequality in individual male labor earnings and in total household income, both before and after taxes, in the United States over the period 1987-2009. We conduct our analysis using a wide array of statistical decomposition methods that allow for various flexible ways of characterizing permanent and transitory income components. For male labor earnings, we find that the entire increase in the cross-sectional inequality over our sample period was permanent, that is, it reflected increases in the dispersion of the permanent component of earnings. For total household income, the large increase in inequality over our sample period was predominantly, though not entirely, permanent. For this broader income category, both the permanent and the transitory parts of the cross-sectional variance increased, but the permanent variance contributed the bulk of the increase in the total. Furthermore, the increase in the transitory component reflected an increase in the transitory variance of spousal labor earnings and investment income. We also show that the tax system partially mitigated the increase in income inequality, but not sufficiently to alter its broadly increasing trend over the 1987-2009 period. We are grateful to the editors, David Romer and Justin Wolfers, for extremely useful feedback and suggestions. We thank Smith for very helpful comments. We also thank the participants of numerous seminars and conferences for many constructive discussions. The views presented here are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Treasury Department, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or members of their staffs.
Sub-harmonic Entrainment of Cortical Gamma Oscillations to Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease: Predictions and Validation of a Patient-Specific Nonlinear Model

Objectives: The exact mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS) are still an active area of in-vestigation, in spite of its clinical successes. This is due in part to the lack of understanding of the effects of stimulation on neuronal rhythms. Entrainment of brain oscillations has been hypothesised as a potential mechanism of neuromodulation. Better understanding entrainment might further in-form existing methods of continuous DBS, and help refine algorithms for adaptive methods. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that cortical finely-tuned gamma oscillations around 75Hz being entrained at 65Hz during 130Hz DBS in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are consistent with 1:2 entrainment, a special case of sub-harmonic entrainment predicted by synchronisation theory. Furthermore, we looked to predict stimulation parameters that would result in 1:2 entrainment. Materials and Methods: We fit a coupled neuronal population model to selected features character-ising a PD patient’s off-stimulation finely-tuned gamma rhythm recorded through electrocorticography. Results: Our model predicts the regions of entrainment (Arnold tongues) in the stimulation fre-quency/amplitude space. We show that the resulting neural circuit model fitted to patient data exhibits 1:2 entrainment when stimulation is provided at 130Hz. Furthermore, we verify keys features of the 1:2 Arnold tongue with follow-up recordings from the same patient, such as the loss of 1:2 entrainment beyond a certain stimulation amplitude. Conclusion: Our results reveal that periodic DBS in patients may lead to nonlinear patterns of neuronal entrainment across stimulation parameters, and that these responses can be predicted by modelling. Should entrainment prove to be an important mechanism of therapeutic stimulation, our modelling framework may reduce the parameter space that clinicians must consider when programming devices for optimal benefit. rhythm when fitted to electrocorticography (ECoG) data from a patient with PD. The fitted-model is capable of predicting the regions of 1:2 entrainment in the stimulation parameter (frequency and amplitude) space. We proceed to verify key features of the 1:2 entrainment region with follow-up recordings from the same patient. Lastly, these results are discussed and the implications are highlighted for future stimulation therapies.
Why is it Important to Assess and Treat Alexithymia in the Cardiologic Field? An Overview of the Literature

Background: Alexithymia has been found to be associated with several somatic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, indicating that it might be a risk factor for early death in the long-term course of post-myocardial infarction. From the cardiology perspective, the aim was to collect current evidence about the relationship between alexithymia and somatic illness. Methods: The literature was synthesized and summarized in a narrative format. The literature search was carried out in PubMed. Pertinent studies published in the last 50 years written in English were included and organized by three main topics (“The relation between alexithymia and somatic illness from the cardiology perspective”; “How do assess alexithymia? ”; “Treating alexithymia”) to be discussed. Results: High alexithymia is a dimensional trait that affects around 10% of the general population and up to 55% of people with essential hypertension. Also, the link between alexithymia and cardiovascular activity has been pointed out. There are several validated tools to assess alexithymia, as well as treatment options. Conclusion: Knowledge about the main features of alexithymia, as well as its assessment and treatment, can promote a multifactorial approach to the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of cardiac diseases.
Torque Ripple Minimization of Wound Field Synchronous Machines using Asymmetric Rotor Pole Spacing

Motors with low torque ripple are necessary for many applications such as automotive traction, robotics, and medical instrumentation. This paper presents a novel method to mitigate torque ripple in wound field synchronous machines (WFSM) using unequally pitched rotor poles. This method retains the same basic structure of salient pole WFSM rotors and does not require additional manufacturing steps. Details on the analytical formulation for the optimal pitch for alternate rotor poles to minimize the dominant order of torque ripple harmonic, along with FEA-based analysis are presented; the results for the unequally spaced rotor are compared with that of a baseline rotor and a 3-step skewed rotor through torque ripple maps, fourier analysis of torque waveforms, analysis of airgap radial pressure, and structural FEA analysis.
Mathematics in the Woods: Exploring Low-Income Parents’ Perceptions of and Involvement in Their Children’s Mathematical Learning

Abstract This article features data from a three-day mathematics camping trip that offered parents and their children time and space to enjoy non-digital activities and mathematics-building tasks. Drawing upon data from a larger qualitative study of children and their parents, this article specifically focuses on 10 parents’ perceptions of their children’s mathematics learning, problem-solving, and wellbeing. Findings suggest that, although parents are interested in their children’s mathematics learning, they are most concerned with their children’s development of problem-solving abilities and social skills. Moreover, students’ own learning experience is important for their mathematics learning.
One-class Physical Layer Authentication under Time-varying Fading Channels

Physical layer authentication (PLA) is an effective complement for the upper-layer scheme due to its high reliability and low complexity. Conventional channel characteristics-based PLA schemes face serious performance degradation due to the change of wireless channel. Besides, the unrealistic assumption that the illegal channel observations are known is adopted by most current schemes. In this paper, we propose a channel prediction based one-class PLA scheme which only needs the legal channel information. Specifically, we analyse the limitation of the Gaussian process (GP) -based channel prediction method and propose to use periodically updated long short-term memory network (PULSTM) to track the channel variation and perform channel prediction. Bayes estimation is used to perform the one-class authentication after channel prediction and subcarrier selection is used to improve the authentication performance. Quasi Deterministic Radio channel Generator (QuaDRiGa) platform is exploited in our simulation part. Simulation results show the better performance of our proposed scheme than some existing schemes under dynamic scenarios.
How Users Ride the Carousel: Exploring the Design of Multi-List Recommender Interfaces From a User Perspective

Multi-list interfaces are widely used in recommender systems, especially in industry, showing collections of recommendations, one below the other, with items that have certain commonalities. The composition and order of these “carousels” are usually optimized by simulating user interaction based on probabilistic models learned from item click data. Research that actually involves users is rare, with only few studies investigating general user experience in comparison to conventional recommendation lists. Hence, it is largely unknown how specific design aspects such as carousel type and length influence the individual perception and usage of carousel-based interfaces. This paper seeks to fill this gap through an exploratory user study. The results confirm previous assumptions about user behavior and provide first insights into the differences in decision making in the presence of multiple recommendation carousels.
SA-SWS: A Self-Adaptive Sleep/Wake-Up Scheduling Approach for Linear Sensor Networks

Linear sensor networks (LSNs) have attracted the increasing attention from many researchers due to a wide range of application scenarios with linear areas, such as bridges, tunnels, pipelines, etc. However, with constrained energy provision, LSNs are always facing the problems of limited energy and serious network holes. In this paper, SA-SWS, an adaptive sleep/wake-up scheduling approach, is proposed. This method can guide the nodes to decide by themselves to select actions in each time slot based on reinforcement learning. In addition, SA-SWSR, a derivative protocol of SA-SWS suitable for LSNs with redundant nodes deployed, is introduced to alleviate the energy hole problem. Extensive simulation results in comparison with the state-of-the-art work show the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of packet delivery latency, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, and network throughput.
Personality Analysis of Entrepreneurial Text for Entrepreneurship Education

In this paper, we analyzed entrepreneurship-related text using the automatic personality trait estimation model to investigate the difference between entrepreneurship-related and other texts. We collected texts from fourteen participants of entre-preneurship-related classes and texts from different domains (impressions of other courses and tweets from Twitter). Next, we developed a personality estimation model using BERT and a feedforward network using Kaggle’s MBTI corpus. As a result of the analysis, we found significant personality differences between the entrepreneur-related and other texts in the judgment-perception dimension.
Governmental Data Governance Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review

Data governance is growing from a nice-to-have approach to becoming mandatory in all types of organisations. However, there is a lack of research addressing the implementation of formal data governance in the public sector. This research aims to review the state of the art in research on government data governance frameworks. Firstly, we reviewed the existing frameworks through a systematic literature review to identify, analyse, and assess the published and peer-reviewed data governance frameworks, with a particular interest in the public sector. The main purpose is to find the key aspects that have been researched and identify the shortcomings of the existing frameworks. Government data governance has set itself apart from other data governance frameworks that depend on corporate firms’ perspectives to generate business value. The creation of public value is the primary driver of government data governance, which has different organisational scopes and governance purposes. As a result of functional differences, reconfiguring the existing frameworks is fundamental for governments. This reconfiguration created new dimensions referred to as organisational scope and data scope, in addition to the structural, procedural, and relational governance mechanisms.
Secure Two-Party Computation for Fingerprinting-based Indoor Localization

With the increasing demand for privacy-preserving localization, how to protect the private information of customers (e.g., location) and service providers (e.g., database) is worthy of great attention in the process of realizing indoor positioning. Based on the two-party computation (TPC) protocol, this paper studies and optimizes the indoor localization technology which uses the received signal strength (RSS) of Wi-Fi access point, for the sake of privacy protection. The Paillier encryption algorithm is first used to encrypt the RSS values of the client, in which we propose to optimize the algorithm by predictive calculation and logic optimization, to reduce the communication overhead. Then, the DGK protocol is proposed to calculate the minimum distance in the ciphertext field on the server side. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can protect not only the location privacy of the client, but also the database security of the service provider, with a reduced computation cost.
Optimal Design of Bearingless Multi-Three Phases Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

This paper addresses the design of a multi-three phases sectorial permanent magnet synchronous machine for bearingless applications. After a brief description of the mathematical model of this machine topology along with some preliminary design considerations, an optimization routine is first described and then applied with the aim of minimizing both the machine total losses, wrench ripple and machine nonlinearities. Several wrench targets are considered as well as different constraints about the wrench error, leading to some design guidelines for a given outer envelope. The rationals behind the selection of the final design to manufacture are explained analysing the optimal designs performance.
Secure Computation Offloading for IRS-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing Networks

This paper investigates secure computation offloading for an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) network. Specifically, wireless devices offload partial computation tasks to an access point integrated with a MEC server. During this process, an eavesdropper tries to overhear the private information of devices. We propose an IRS-assisted secure offloading scheme that adjusts the phase of the IRS to improve the security of computation offloading. We aim to maximize the minimum secrecy rate of devices by jointly optimizing the transmit power of devices for computation offloading, the computation task partitions, and the passive beamforming of the IRS while satisfying the offloading rate constraint and the energy budget constraint. To deal with the formulated highly non-convex problem, we develop a block coordinate descent-based algorithm that decouples the problem into two subproblems of optimizing resource allocation and passive beamforming. Besides, successive convex approximation and semidefinite relaxation are exploited to solve the two subproblems. Simulation results demonstrate that our designed scheme yields a performance enhancement compared to benchmarks.
Absorptivity of brown carbon in fresh and photo-chemically aged biomass-burning emissions

Abstract. Experiments were conducted to investigate light absorption of organic aerosol (OA) in fresh and photo-chemically aged biomass-burning emissions. The experiments considered residential hardwood fuel (oak) and fuels commonly consumed in wild-land and prescribed fires in the United States (pocosin pine and gallberry). Photo-chemical aging was performed in an environmental chamber. We constrained the effective light-absorption properties of the OA using conservative limiting assumptions, and found that both primary organic aerosol (POA) in the fresh emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced by photo-chemical aging contain brown carbon, and absorb light to a significant extent. This work presents the first direct evidence that SOA produced in aged biomass-burning emissions is absorptive. For the investigated fuels, SOA is less absorptive than POA in the long visible, but exhibits stronger wavelength-dependence and is more absorptive in the short visible and near-UV. Light absorption by SOA in biomass-burning emissions might be an important contributor to the global radiative forcing budget.
Online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft

A detailed understanding of the climate and air quality impacts of aviation requires measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from aircraft. Currently both the amount and chemical composition of aircraft I/SVOC emissions remain poorly characterized. Here we characterize I/SVOC emissions from aircraft, using a novel instrument for the online, quantitative measurement of the mass loading and composition of low-volatility organic vapors. Emissions from the NASA DC8 aircraft were sampled on the ground 143 m downwind of the engines and characterized as a function of engine power from idle ( ∼ 4 % maximum rated thrust) through 85 % power. Results show that I/SVOC emissions are highest during engine idle operating conditions, with decreasing but non-zero I/SVOC emissions at higher engine powers. Comparison of I/SVOC emissions with total hydrocarbon (THC) measurements, VOC measurements, and an established emissions profile indicates that I/SVOCs comprise 10–20 % of the total organic gas-phase emissions at idle, and an increasing fraction of the total gas-phase organic emissions at higher powers. Positive matrix factorization of online mass spectra is used to identify three distinct types of I/SVOC emissions: aliphatic, aromatic and oxygenated. The volatility and chemical composition of the emissions suggest that unburned fuel is the dominant source of I/SVOCs at idle, while pyrolysis products make up an increasing fraction of the I/SVOCs at higher powers. Oxygenated I/SVOC emissions were detected at lower engine powers ( ≤ 30 %) and may be linked to cracked, partially oxidized or unburned fuel components.