Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bipolar Illness, Lithium Prophylaxis, and Pregnancy*

In advising bipolar patients wishing to become pregnant, Weinstein's guidelines were extended to seven stages: contraceptive measures; genetic counseling; discontinuing lithium in the first trimester or prescribing alternatives; ultrasound scanning for congenital anomalies, low lithium levels during pregnancy; discontinuing lithium at the end of pregnancy; starting immediately after birth, no breast feeding, observation of the neonate in the neonatal ward; and close observation of the patient in the follow-up year. Of the 15 bipolar patients, 11 gave birth to healthy children (five of them twice). Most patients knew nothing about the inheritance of bipolar illness. Four made no further attempt to become pregnant: two in view of a serious possibility of inheritance, the other two after a severe relapse. Three patients chose an alternative to lithium medication (carbamazepine and haloperidol). Postpartum, 27% of the patients who used medication relapsed and 60% of the patients who used none relapsed.
Differential effects of melanin concentrating hormone on the central dopaminergic neurons induced by the cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript peptide

Stimulatory effects of cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) peptide on central mesolimbic, nigrostriatal and mesocortical dopaminergic (DA) neurons were examined in female Sprague–Dawley rats. We also determined the different blocking effects of melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) on the stimulation by CART peptide in central DA systems. Intracerebroventricular administration of 1 µg CART peptide (55–102) produced increases in 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NA) at 15 and 45 min, and in the striatum (ST) at 15 min, but not in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). We found that the agonist of α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), MT II, at 10 µg had a stimulatory effect on the NA and ST DOPAC levels similar to the CART peptide. In contrast, 1 µg MCH and the antagonist of α‐MSH, HS014, significantly decreased NA and ST DOPAC levels. However, only MCH prevented the stimulatory effect of CART peptide on DOPAC levels in the NA, but not in the ST. These results indicate that the stimulation of CART peptide on central DA neurons is region‐specific, and that this effect can be blocked by MCH but not by the antagonist of α‐MSH.
Le pilotage stratégique par la valeur des alliances interentreprises: analyse de la performance et des compétences clés dans la conduite d'un accord de coopération

Dans le cadre d'une comparaison internationale, nous proposons un modele de conduite strategique des alliances strategiques qui tient compte a la fois de la theorie fondee sur les ressources et de theories complementaires fondees sur les couts de transaction ou les intentions strategiques des partenaires. Notre communication propose un modele complexe conciliant ces differentes approches.
What Feminists Can Do for Breastfeeding and What Breastfeeding Can Do for Feminists

Dans cet article, l'A s'interesse au statut de l'allaitement aux Etats-Unis. Apres un apercu historique medical de l'evolution de la consideration de l'allaitement, l'A met en lumiere la naissance la Leche league et les campagnes d'information engendrees. Il est ici question de 'apport fondamental de l'allaitement en terme se sante pour la mere et l'enfant, mais interroge egalement la place de la maternite, de la flexibilite du temps de travail, de la prevention et de la reforme du systeme de sante
The Effect of inotropes and vasopressors on mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND Inotropes and vasopressors are frequently administered to critically ill patients in order to improve haemodynamic function and restore adequate organ perfusion. However, some studies have suggested a possible association between inotrope administration and increased mortality. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of randomized trials published in the last 20 yr to investigate the effect of these drugs on mortality. METHODS BioMedCentral, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register were searched (all updated April 8th, 2015). Inclusion criteria were: random allocation to treatment, at least one group receiving an inotropic or vasopressor drug compared with at least one group receiving a non-inotropic/vasopressor treatment, study published after 1st January 1994, and systemic drug administration. Exclusion criteria were overlapping populations, studies published as abstract only, crossover studies, paediatric studies and lack of data on mortality. RESULTS A total of 28 280 patients from 177 trials were included. Overall, pooled estimates showed no difference in mortality between the group receiving inotropes/vasopressors and the control group [4255/14 036 (31.7%) vs. 4277/14 244 (31.8%), risk ratio=0.98 (0.96-1.01), P for effect=0.23, P for heterogeneity=0.30, I2=6%]. A reduction in mortality was associated with inotrope/vasopressor therapy use in settings of vasoplegic syndromes, sepsis and cardiac surgery. Levosimendan was the only drug associated with improvement in survival. Subgroup analysis did not identify any groups with increased mortality associated with inotrope/vasopressor therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review found that inotrope/vasopressor therapy is not associated with differences in mortality in the overall population and in the majority of subsettings.
Intrauterine growth and childhood leukemia and lymphoma risk

Leukemias and lymphomas account for nearly half of all childhood cancers. Although there have been major advances in the treatment of these diseases, what causes them remains largely unknown. There is strong evidence to suggest that leukemia originates in utero, and early life factors may play a role in its etiology. A series of reports illustrate a convincing link between the rate of intrauterine growth and the risk of childhood leukemia. Some studies suggest that this risk relationship also extends to non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children, although, overall, the association with childhood lymphoma is less clear. This review discusses the intricacies of these risk relationships and explores potential explanations of how the rate of fetal growth may influence cancer risk.
The Physiological Response of Two Green Calcifying Algae from the Great Barrier Reef towards High Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon (DIC and DOC) Availability

Increasing dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations associated with ocean acidification can affect marine calcifiers, but local factors, such as high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations through sewage and algal blooms, may interact with this global factor. For calcifying green algae of the genus Halimeda, a key tropical carbonate producer that often occurs in coral reefs, no studies on these interactions have been reported. These data are however urgently needed to understand future carbonate production. Thus, we investigated the independent and combined effects of DIC (pCO2 402 μatm/ pHtot 8.0 and 996 μatm/ pHtot 7.7) and DOC (added as glucose in 0 and 294 μmol L-1) on growth, calcification and photosynthesis of H. macroloba and H. opuntia from the Great Barrier Reef in an incubation experiment over 16 days. High DIC concentrations significantly reduced dark calcification of H. opuntia by 130 % and led to net dissolution, but did not affect H. macroloba. High DOC concentrations significantly reduced daily oxygen production of H. opuntia and H. macroloba by 78 % and 43 %, respectively, and significantly reduced dark calcification of H. opuntia by 70%. Combined high DIC and DOC did not show any interactive effects for both algae, but revealed additive effects for H. opuntia where the combination of both factors reduced dark calcification by 162 % compared to controls. Such species-specific differences in treatment responses indicate H. opuntia is more susceptible to a combination of high DIC and DOC than H. macroloba. From an ecological perspective, results further suggest a reduction of primary production for Halimeda-dominated benthic reef communities under high DOC concentrations and additional decreases of carbonate accretion under elevated DIC concentrations, where H. opuntia dominates the benthic community. This may reduce biogenic carbonate sedimentation rates and hence the buffering capacity against further ocean acidification.
Dental Treatment Needs of Children with Disabilities

Background and aims Children and adolescents with disabilities appear to have poorer oral health than their non-disabled counterparts. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and severity of oral diseases and treatment needs using world health organization criteria of caries, periodontal disease and malocclusions in a selected population of children with disabilities in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and methods A randomized study on 1621 children aged 5-16 was conducted in 13 special schools by six examiners, using a mouth mirror, explorer and enough lighting. Results The caries frequency of hearing impaired children (HI) was lower than those mentally retarded (MR) and visually impaired (VI) (DMFT: 2 ± 1.91 versus 2.27± 1.97 and 2.68 ± 2.30, respectively). MR children appear to have poorer oral hygiene and periodontal status than their otherwise disabled counterparts. Most children had class I malocclusion (57%). Conclusion According to this study, an epidemiological survey followed by the implementation and evaluation of long-term public dental health care plan for children and adolescents with disabilities is highly recommended.
Comparison of ML carrier estimation schemes based on APSSB and preamble for OFDMA in fading channel

The paper proposes a novel estimation scheme of carrier frequency offset (CFO) based on Added Preamble Sequence Semi-Blind (APSSB) scheme. The proposed maximum-likelihood (ML) CFO estimator is based on APSSB OFDMA model in which Gold sequence is added to the output of IFFT modulator and exploited for CFO estimation at the receiver. CFO estimators based on APSSB scheme and preamble are compared by both SINR analysis and simulation. We propose that the APPSB scheme should be employed for fine frequency synchronization in OFDMA especially in delay-insensitive service. In this paper, we propose the APSSB OFDMA model in which APSSB sequence is added to the output of IFFT modulator. The APSSB sequence is exploited for CFO estimation by correlation detection with the local APSSB sequence at the receiver. Comparison of SINR is made between CFO estimation schemes based on APSSB and preamble. The APSSB scheme suffers no data rate loss, and is more accurate than preamble scheme when APSSB symbol number for CFO estimation is large enough to excess the threshold. Compared with preamble scheme, the APPSB scheme has the property of better accuracy as well as larger delay. We propose the APPSB scheme should be employed for fine frequency synchronization in delay-insensitive service. The rest sections of the paper are organized as follows. In Section 2, the proposed APSSB OFDMA system model is described. Based on this model, section 3 presents the ML CFO estimation scheme based on APSSB. A comparison is made in section 4 in terms of SINR of the two schemes in fading channel. Simulation and analysis are presented in section 5. Finally, section 6 concludes the paper.
Believing is seeing: how people's beliefs influence goals, emotions and behaviour

Health care professionals work and learn in complex environments. Some are able to continue learning from their practice and the challenges it presents, whereas others refrain from investing more effort when faced with setbacks. This paper discusses a social cognitive model of motivation that helps to explain the different kinds of behaviour that emerge when individuals are confronted with challenges.
A synthesis of empirical research on the linguistic outcomes of early foreign language instruction

ABSTRACT Early foreign language (FL) programmes have grown rapidly worldwide in the past two decades, resting on the assumption that ‘earlier is better’ for learning a FL. However, the majority of empirical studies that investigated the ‘earlier is better’ hypothesis were conducted in naturalistic immersion contexts. Given the substantial differences in the quality and quantity of input and instruction, whether or not the results in immersion contexts can be generalised to FL learning contexts remains unknown. The current study aimed to fill this gap by reviewing and synthesising 42 empirical studies published in the past 50 years that examined the age of learning effect in FL learning contexts. Overall, the synthesis revealed no solid evidence for a younger learner advantage in short-term or long-term linguistic outcomes. We conclude with implications for research and practice.
Vestibular System in Performance of Standing Balance of Children and Young Adults under Altered Sensory Conditions

Inputs from the visual, somatosensory and vestibular systems must be integrated efficiently to activate appropriate motor responses in maintaining optimal balance. This study examined the standing balance of 17 children (7 to 10 years old) and 17 young adults (19 to 23 years old) as a function of sensory organization, sensory system efficiency, and postural strategy adopted. Tests of standing balance were administered under six sensory conditions created by simultaneous alteration of the visual (full, occluded, or sway-referenced) and the somatosensory inputs (fixed-foot or compliant-foot support). The sway area and the sway amplitude of the center of pressure were measured and analyzed. Three findings are notable. The function of sensory organization for balance control was poorer for the children than the young adults. The functional efficiency of the somatosensory and the visual systems of children have developed to the young adult level, but that of the vestibular system has not. There was no difference between children and young adults in hip control, but there was in ankle control when the vestibular input was the only reliable source of sensory input. These results suggest that the functional efficiency of the vestibular system in children 7 to 10 years of age may still be developing. This may account for their poorer function of sensory organization and lower performance of standing balance.
The nano spray dryer B-90

Introduction: Spray drying is an extremely well-established technology for the production of micro-particulate powders suited for a variety of drug delivery applications. In recent years, the rise in nanomedicine has placed increased pressure on the existing systems to produce nanoparticles in good yield and with a narrow size distribution. However, the separation and collection of nanoparticles with conventional spray dryer set ups is extremely challenging due to their typical low collection efficiency for fine particles < 2 μm. Currently, nanoparticles have to be agglomerated into larger microparticles, via a two-step approach, in order to collect them in a sizeable amount. However, this method has to contend with the issue of adequate redispersibility of the primary particles to reap the full benefits of nanosizing. Areas covered: An overview on the advances in spray drying technology is provided in this review with particular emphasis on the novel Buchi Nano Spray Dryer B-90. Readers will appreciate the limitations of conventional spray drying technology, understand the mechanisms of the Buchi Nano Spray Dryer B-90, and also learn about the strengths and shortcomings of the system. Expert opinion: The Buchi Nano Spray Dryer B-90 offers a new, simple and alternative approach for the production of nanoparticles suited for a variety of drug delivery applications.
Resonance effects due to the excitation of surface Josephson plasma waves in layered superconductors

We analytically examine the excitation of surface Josephson plasma waves (SJPWs) in layered superconductors by an incident electromagnetic wave. The mechanism of excitation is related to the diffraction of the incident wave due to a small periodic modulation in the $\mathbf{a}\mathbf{b}$ plane of the maximum $\mathbf{c}$-axis Josephson current density. We show that the absorption of the incident wave can be substantially increased, for certain incident angles, due to the resonance excitation of SJPWs. The absorption increase is accompanied by a decrease in the specular reflection. Moreover, we find the dependence of the resonance value of the incident angle on the parameters of the superconductor and the frequency of the incident wave, and the depth of the modulations guaranteeing the total absorption (and total suppression of the specular reflection). Numerical examples of the resonance effects are presented for Bi2212 superconductors.
Theoretical analysis and experimental research on dynamic linewidth of DFB laser diodes under injection current tuning

Aim at the problem that the dynamic linewidth measurement of distributed feedback tunable diode laser(DFB-TDL) with current tuning is quite difficult, based on the all-fiber delayed self-heterodyne interferometer (FDSHI) and no need an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), a simple measurement method is proposed. Firstly we present the theoretical analysis of the measurement principle and linewidth characteristics of lasers of the system, and the application of the measurement system of the dynamic linewidth of two DFB lasers tuning at different wavelengths. We then show the results of the comparison between the static linewidth and the dynamic linewidth measured by the Fabry-Perot etalon. The results show that the two lasers have similar laws that the dynamic linewidth increases with the increase of the injection current and then becomes wider and the dynamic linewidth is narrower than the static linewidth at the same injection current, and the difference between the dynamic linewidth and the static linewidth of the two lasers is 2MHz and 6MHz respectively.
Activity-based computing for medical work in hospitals

Studies have revealed that people organize and think of their work in terms of activities that are carried out in pursuit of some overall objective, often in collaboration with others. Nevertheless, modern computer systems are typically single-user oriented, that is, designed to support individual tasks such as word processing while sitting at a desk. This article presents the concept of Activity-Based Computing (ABC), which seeks to create computational support for human activities. The ABC approach has been designed to address activity-based computing support for clinical work in hospitals. In a hospital, the challenges arising from the management of parallel activities and interruptions are amplified because multitasking is now combined with a high degree of mobility, collaboration, and urgency. The article presents the empirical and theoretical background for activity-based computing, its principles, the Java-based implementation of the ABC Framework, and an experimental evaluation together with a group of hospital clinicians. The article contributes to the growing research on support for human activities, mobility, collaboration, and context-aware computing. The ABC Framework presents a unifying perspective on activity-based support for human-computer interaction.
FACIAL EXPRESSION USING 3D ANIMATION

Traditionally, human facial expressions have been studied using either 2D static images or 2D video sequences. The 2D-based analysis is difficult to handle large pose variations and subtle facial behavior. The analysis of 3D facial expressions will facilitate the examination of the fine structural changes inherent in the spontaneous expressions. The aims to achieve a high rate of accuracy in identifying a wide range of facial expressions, with the ultimate goal of increasing the general understanding of facial behavior and 3D structure of facial expressions on a detailed level. Facial expression provides cues about emotion, regulates interpersonal behavior, and communicates psychopathology. Human-observer based methods for measuring facial expression are labor intensive, qualitative, and difficult to standardize across laboratories, clinical settings, and over time .
Rethinking Counselling-based Career Assistance in Counselling Psychology

Pertimbangan semula kaunseling yang berasaskan bantuan kerjaya dalam perkhidmatan kaunselingmembolehkan klien untuk menikmati kesejahteraan psikologi. Sehubungan dengan itu, bantuan kerjaya dianggapsebagai pelbagai perkhidmatan yang dirancangkan oleh seorang kaunselor untuk membantu klien bagimemahami konstruk kerjaya (seperti nilai kerja, konflik dan matlamat) serta pengaruh kontekstual (umpamanya,dasar awam dan fenomena global) yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologi klien di tempat kerjanya dan didalam keluarga. Umpamanya, bantuan kerjaya yang dirancangkan dengan teliti boleh dilaksanakan sebagaiintervensi yang berbentuk perundingan untuk membantu klien bagi (1) mencantumkan nilai dan matlamat kerjapihak majikan dengan nilai peribadi klien supaya klien boleh menghadapi konflik nilai di tempat kerja; dan (2)menyelaraskan pembangunan kerjaya klien dengan tuntutan pihak majikan supaya klien boleh merasa puas hati.Implikasi kaunseling yang berasaskan bantuan kerjaya dalam konteks Malaysia adalah seorang kaunselor perlu:(1) cekap untuk menjalankan kaunseling kerja; (2) memiliki kecekapan silang budaya; dan (3) mahir untukmelaksana pelbagai intervensi seperti yang diperlukan oleh klien dalam proses kaunseling. Dengan ini, seorangklien dibantu untuk mencapai kesejahteraan psikologi demi menyumbang sumber tenaga bagi transformasinegara ke arah Wawasan 2020.
Racial differences in the use of aspirin: an important tool for preventing heart disease and stroke.

BACKGROUND Regular aspirin use, particularly as secondary prevention, reduces morbidity from heart disease and stroke. Few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in aspirin use for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS Data from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n=2,514 African Americans; n=865 Hispanics; n=28,038 Whites) were used to assess racial/ethnic differences in aspirin use. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine whether the likelihood of aspirin use differs by race/ethnicity after accounting for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors. RESULTS Regular aspirin use was associated with increasing age, male gender, lower educational attainment, hypertension, diabetes, overweight, and histories of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Aspirin use was lower among African Americans and Hispanics than Whites (28.6% and 28.7% vs 37.1%, respectively). After adjustment for sociodemographic and CVD risk factors, African Americans and Hispanics were 30%-40% less likely than Whites (OR=0.6, 95% C1=0.5, 0.7, African Americans; OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.5, 1.0, Hispanics) to take aspirin. Although aspirin use was higher among those with CVD (73.6% African Americans, 73.6% Hispanics, and 82.7% Whites), after multivariable adjustment, African Americans and Hispanics with CVD remained 30% to 50% less likely to use aspirin than Whites (OR=0.7, 95% CI=0.4, 1.2, African Americans; OR=0.5, 95% CI=0.2, 1.1, Hispanics). CONCLUSIONS African Americans and Hispanics are less likely to take aspirin than their White counterparts. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and CVD risk factors do not account for lower aspirin use among racial/ethnic minorities. Additional studies should examine methods to increase aspirin use in these populations.