Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a three-dimensional deep learning-based system for assessing bowel preparation on colonoscopy video

Background The performance of existing image-based training models in evaluating bowel preparation on colonoscopy videos was relatively low, and only a few models used external data to prove their generalization. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a more precise and stable AI system for assessing bowel preparation of colonoscopy video. Methods We proposed a system named ViENDO to assess the bowel preparation quality, including two CNNs. First, Information-Net was used to identify and filter out colonoscopy video frames unsuitable for Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) scoring. Second, BBPS-Net was trained and tested with 5,566 suitable short video clips through three-dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (CNN) technology to detect BBPS-based insufficient bowel preparation. Then, ViENDO was applied to complete withdrawal colonoscopy videos from multiple centers to predict BBPS segment scores in clinical settings. We also conducted a human-machine contest to compare its performance with endoscopists. Results In video clips, BBPS-Net for determining inadequate bowel preparation generated an area under the curve of up to 0.98 and accuracy of 95.2%. When applied to full-length withdrawal colonoscopy videos, ViENDO assessed bowel cleanliness with an accuracy of 93.8% in the internal test set and 91.7% in the external dataset. The human-machine contest demonstrated that the accuracy of ViENDO was slightly superior compared to most endoscopists, though no statistical significance was found. Conclusion The 3D-CNN-based AI model showed good performance in evaluating full-length bowel preparation on colonoscopy video. It has the potential as a substitute for endoscopists to provide BBPS-based assessments during daily clinical practice.
The Rosa-Keystone Dunes Field: The geoarchaeology and paleoecology of a late Quaternary stabilized dune field in Eastern Beringia

Stabilized sand sheets and dunes hold a remarkable amount of information on paleoenvironmental conditions under which late Quaternary landscapes evolved in northern subarctic regions. We provide the results of a project focused on understanding the development of lowland environments and ecosystems, including dunes and sand sheets, which were critical habitat for early human occupations in subarctic regions. Our study area is the Rosa-Keystone Dunes Field in the Shaw Creek Flats of the middle Tanana River basin, interior Alaska, one of the oldest continuously occupied areas in North America (14,000 cal. BP to present). The disturbance regimes of reactivated dunes and associated forest fire cycles between 12,500 and 8800 cal. BP fostered a unique early to mid-successional mixed vegetation community including herbaceous tundra, shrubs, and deciduous trees. This environment provided key habitats for large grazers and browsers, significant resources for early hunter-gatherer populations in central Alaska. After 8000 cal. BP, the expansion of black spruce and peatlands heightened landscape stability but decreased the range of local habitat for large grazers. Hunter-gatherer economic change during these periods is consistent with human responses to local and regional landscape disturbance and restructuring.
Effect of intensive training on immune system cells in elite female weightlifters

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intense weightlifting training on lymphocyte and natural killer cell subgroups, which are the major cells of the immune system, in elite female weightlifters. METHODS: A total of 20 elite female weightlifters were evaluated using flow cytometry before training (pre-T), immediately after training (post-T), and after a 120-min rest period (rest-T). RESULTS: Post-T and rest-T showed significant decreases in helper T (Th) and cytotoxic T compared with pre-T (p=0.045, p<0.001 and p=0.05, p<0.001, respectively). B and natural killer cells were higher in post-T and rest-T than in pre-T. The increase in B cells was significant in pre-T/rest-T (p<0.001) but not in pre-T/post-T (p=0.122). Intense training significantly increased natural killer cells in both post-T and rest-T (p<0.001). CD56bright and CD56dim natural killer cell subgroups were significantly lower in post-T and rest-T than in pre-T (p=0.005, p=0.006 and p<0.001, p=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study shows that intense weightlifting alters peripheral lymphocyte and natural killer subgroup ratios, being the first investigation in this field.
Exploring the Relationships Between Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Stress in Indonesian Islamic Boarding High School Students

This research employs a quantitative approach to investigate the relationships among Age, Grit, Self Efficacy, and Academic Stress. The study ensures ethical compliance by obtaining participants' informed consent and employing offline data collection through structured questionnaires. A diverse sample is drawn from the Student of Islamic Boarding senior high School Banyumas, Indonesia, using the simple random sampling method. A total of 115 participants, predominantly female (69.6%), with a mean age of 17 years (40.0%), contributed to the study. The Student-Life-Stress Inventory (SSI) Scale, Grit-S Scale, and General Self-Efficacy Scale are used to measure the variables. Results reveal no significant differences between sex groups regarding Grit, Academic Stress, and Self Efficacy scores (all p-values > 0.05). The correlation matrix underscores non-significant associations between variables, emphasizing the absence of strong linear relationships. These findings highlight the need for an in-depth exploration of additional factors influencing academic stress experiences and call for more comprehensive research designs to unravel the intricate dynamics shaping student well-being.
Bridging theory and practice through Work-Integrated Learning (WIL): critical perspectives on the conceptualisations of WIL at a university in Sweden

In this article we interrogate how University of Sweden (UoS), the leading Work-integrated learning (WIL) university in Sweden, represents WIL publicly, discussing this in relation to higher education’s changing role within an increasingly knowledge-based capitalism, in which knowledge and research become subsumed under demands for market utility and student employability. Through analysis of WIL literature we distil a theory-practice ‘gap’ with spatial, institutional, epistemological and pedagogical dimensions that WIL as a field of educational practice tries to ‘bridge’. We use this conception to deconstruct how (UoS) presents WIL to potential students, partners, employers, and society at large. We find that while the university at the central level presents WIL as a synergistic and multi-dimensional activity that bridges the theory/practice divide to produce ‘advanced knowledge’ and employable students, the actual educational programs articulate WIL in a manner which privileges practical usability and employability over theoretical knowledge, in line with an academic capitalist focus on utility. Further, there is a significant difference in how vocational and academic programmes implement WIL. Whereas WIL components seem relatively easily integrated into professional programs present, academic programs must undertake advanced discursive manoeuvres to incorporate WIL’s principles into what would otherwise be quite theory-focused programs.
Fast Adaptive Coarse-to-Fine PatchMatch-Based Defect Detection on Nonflat Prints

Residual map-based defect detection methods have been widely concerned in the field of prints, because of their superiority in detecting defects of arbitrary shapes and extreme aspect ratios by taking advantage of pixel-level comparison, especially in detecting the tiny defects. However, residual map-based methods require extremely high structural similarity between images, so it is important to eliminate the structural differences by warping the tested image to template image via the displacement field. In practice, weak textures, large displacement, and deformation widely existed in the nonflat print images, which increased the difficulty of obtaining a satisfied displacement field. Inspired by the PatchMatch, our approach, adaptive coarse-to-fine PatchMatch (ACPM), blends an adaptive patch matching strategy with the coarse-to-fine scheme for displacement field estimation. We generate adaptive size patches according to the texture richness of local regions and propagate displacement information based on morphological operations, so the matching correspondences can be more reliable and accurate. Furthermore, the displacement field is interpolated from the matching result of ACPM and refined by the variational model to tackle nonrigid deformation (called ACPMFlow). Compared to the state-of-the-art method DeepFlow, ACPMFlow can achieve comparable performance with $20\times$ speed and obtain an excellent performance in the detection of tiny defects on nonflat prints, which is more suitable for real-time inspection.
Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement in Single Channel Cable-in-Conduit Conductor

Cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) compose superconducting magnets of tokamaks and are cooled with 4 K supercritical helium forced flow, to provide efficient heat removal and thermal stability of the superconducting state. Nowadays, thermal couplings between fluid and solids are ill-characterized for such cables. We consequently measured global heat transfer interphase coefficients at macro scale. An experimental set-up associated with an inverse method and a direct three temperatures thermal-hydraulic model have been developed to obtain representative data. Transient experiments of forced flow with heat pulses imposing thermal disequilibrium between fluid and solids have been performed. Results are correlated to actual geometric properties obtained from 3D tomography. 1D three temperatures model of the two phases (bundle/nitrogen) along with the jacket, thermally coupled by convection is solved using finite volume method with an implicit and upstream scheme. Results are compared to available literature data.
Imagens de Alta Resolução Espacial de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANT) no Planejamento do Uso e Ocupação do Solo

The creation, improving and use of remote sensing techniques focused on suborbital images are increasing, as they present several advantages in geographical and ecological analysis, producing high spatial resolution data. The aim of this work was to test the supervised and unspervised classification techniques in aerial digital images with high spatial resolution obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), using the softwares SPRING and ArcGis. The aerial images have spatial resolution in approximately 10 cm, covering around 45% of the floor area. They were obtained in June, 2011, and overlies a stretch of the headwaters of the Sao Lourenco river in Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. Th aerial photographs were georeferenced and then the classification tests were performed, which presented better results the ones by region. At this stage, about 100 segmentation tests were performed with distinguished similarity parameters and areas, until finding a routine that would fit better to the study area. The classification that better delimited the different features present in the images was the supervised by region, whose segmentation had 20 pixels of similarity and 200 of area. To prove statistically the efficiency of classification, a cluster test was performed and the validation was done through Kappa index and overall accuracy. The presented results along with the use of UAVs are great tools and liable to use in several areas, including environmental expertising routines and recovery of degraded areas monitoring, under the Brazilian Forest Code.
Perspectives on the impacts of climate change and their adaptation

The pressing impacts of climate change and the imperative for adaptation strategies emphasize the immediate necessity for proactive global measures. These challenges encompass the enhancement of climate modeling, the development of sector-tailored strategies, and the implementation of adaptation measures. Addressing these issues necessitates worldwide collaborations, sustainable practices, technological innovations, and effective policies aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while adapting to changing climate. This special topic features five thoughtfully selected papers to explore the impacts of climate change concerning urban, watershed, ocean, and power systems, as well as the desired adaptation responses.
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A Systematic Review

It remains unclear whether antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) should be recommended or discouraged in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) for prostate cancer (PCa). The development of microbial resistance and side effects are risks of antibiotic use. This systematic review (SR) investigates the evidence base for AP in RALP. A systematic literature search was conducted until 12 January 2023, using Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane CDSR (via Ovid) and CINAHL for studies reporting the effect of AP on postoperative infectious complications in RALP. Of 436 screened publications, 8 studies comprising 6378 RALP procedures met the inclusion criteria. There was no evidence of a difference in the rate and severity of infective complications within 30 days after RALP surgery between different AP protocols. No studies omitted AP. For patients who received AP, the overall occurrence of postoperative infectious complications varied between 0.6% and 6.6%. The reported urinary tract infection (UTI) rates varied from 0.16% (4/2500) to 8.9% (15/169). Wound infections were reported in 0.46% (4/865) to 1.12% (1/89). Sepsis/bacteraemia and hyperpyrexia were registered in 0.1% (1/1084) and 1.6% (5/317), respectively. Infected lymphoceles (iLC) rates were 0.9% (3 of 317) in a RALP cohort that included 88.6% pelvic lymph node dissections (PLND), and 3% (26 of 865) in a RALP cohort where all patients underwent PLND. Our findings underscore that AP is being administered in RALP procedures without scientifically proven evidence. Prospective studies that apply consistent and uniform criteria for measuring infectious complications and antibiotic-related side effects are needed to ensure the comparability of results and guidance on AP in RALP.
Algebraic Specification and Analysis of Health Records

Many organizations are moving their information to the cloud because of the rapid development of cloud computing as a result of the decrease in the running cost of managing information. Among of these organizations are health systems where the privacy of records is their main concern. However, moving the information to the cloud involves some security problems. An example of such problems is that the server that holds the information is a third party and could not be trusted. One way to solve this problem is to have all the records encrypted such that only the allowed users have the keys to decrypt the records. Before the distribution of keys, we should specify policies that state which user holds which key and then prove the correctness of the specification and the satisfaction of predefined security properties. The language used in specification should be flexible to allow specifying combining keys, combining secrets, selecting between keys, and so on. In this paper, we employ the algebraic structures presented by Sabri and Khedri [1] to specify policies of health records. We show its suitability to specify and analyze health records. We use the tool Prover9 to prove properties. Then, we show that the specification can be linked to several implementations. The algebraic structures are flexible that they enable specifying several kinds of policies.
A Grid-Tied Virtual Synchronous Generator Transient Suppression Method Based on Derivatives-Enhanced Power Feedback

Grid-tied inverters using virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control can provide inertial support to the grid. Meanwhile, VSG also inherits the complex electromagnetic characteristics of synchronous generators, resulting in large power and frequency oscillations during power command step or when grid disturbances occur. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved VSG active power loop control structure, featuring derivatives-enhanced power feedback and low-pass filtered inertia emulation stage. Firstly, by adding derivative term into the active power feedback loop, the change rate of output active power feedback is increased, so that the output active power fluctuations can be obtained more dynamically and suppressed more effectively. Secondly, a low-pass filter is added into the VSG inertia emulation stage to counteract the high frequency noises caused by the prior derivative term in the active power feedback path, equivalently increasing the system damping. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified via simulation by comparing with the traditional VSG (Tra-VSG).
Effect of Granular Waste Compact Disc on Bond Strength between Steel Bars and Surrounding Concrete

In recent decades, researchers have tried to use waste materials as a partial or complete replacement of the gravel ingredients of concrete to reduce environmental impact. One of these materials is electronic waste. The problem of this disposal material, particularly outdated CDs and DVDs, has turned out to be serious. In this study, 36 pull-out cylindrical shape test specimens were used to conduct an ASTM C234-91A-compliant pull-out test to measure the bonding behavior and strength between three sizes of steel bars and concrete with different embedded lengths, including waste disc shreds (CD and DVD) as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. Four groups of modified concrete specimens with different percentages of disc shreds as partial replacements for sand were prepared. The ratio of cement:sand+disc:coarse aggregate:water was 1:2:2.5:0.4. The disc shreds were utilized to substitute partially for fine aggregate in four different weight percentages: 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%; nevertheless, the cement-to-sand ratio was consistently 2. Results demonstrated that the bond strength is considerably influenced by the bar diameter and the disc shreds (CDs and DVDs) used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. The bond strength behavior of the modified concrete with disc fibers is comparable with that of traditional concrete. The ACI-318 Code for the bond strength of ordinary Portland cement concrete was modified to calculate the bond strength of this new kind of disc concrete.
Diagnosis of Induction Motor Faults Based On Current and Vibration Signals Using Support Vector Machine Model

Early fault diagnosis of the induction motor can prevent sudden failure of the motor, which implies loss of production and sometimes brings safety problems. The purpose of this paper is to explore a method for induction motor fault diagnosis using a support vector machine model. The raw current and vibration signals are pre-processed using variational mode decomposition to eliminate the noise. Eight features in the time domain are extracted from the signals. These features are then evaluated using principal component analysis to reduce their dimension. Two principal components that cover 95% of the variance of the data are used as predictors in the SVM model. SVM models with different types of kernels are evaluated for their performance. The results show that the current signals give better accuracy in diagnosing induction motor faults than the vibration signals. The current signals perform very well at all speeds and in all types of kernels. Their accuracy is 100% for training and testing data. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the vibration signal in diagnosing the motor faults is good at speeds of 749 rpm, and the diagnosis accuracy decreases at speeds of 1499 rpm.
End-to-End Solution for Analog Gauge Monitoring Using Computer Vision in an IoT Platform

The emergence of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 technologies has enabled the digital transformation of various processes and the integration of sensors with the internet. Despite these strides, many industrial sectors still rely on visual inspection of physical processes, especially those employing analog gauges. This method of monitoring introduces the risk of human errors and inefficiencies. Automating these processes has the potential, not only to boost productivity for companies, but also potentially reduce risks for workers. Therefore, this paper proposes an end-to-end solution to digitize analog gauges and monitor them using computer vision through integrating them into an IoT architecture, to tackle these problems. Our prototype device has been designed to capture images of gauges and transmit them to a remote server, where computer vision algorithms analyze the images and obtain gauge readings. These algorithms achieved adequate robustness and accuracy for industrial environments, with an average relative error of 0.95%. In addition, the gauge data were seamlessly integrated into an IoT platform leveraging computer vision and cloud computing technologies. This integration empowers users to create custom dashboards for real-time gauge monitoring, while also enabling them to set thresholds, alarms, and warnings, as needed. The proposed solution was tested and validated in a real-world industrial scenario, demonstrating the solution’s potential to be implemented in a large-scale setting to serve workers, reduce costs, and increase productivity.
Engulfment and Pushing of Cylindrical Liquid Nano-Inclusion by Advancing Crystal/Melt Interface: An Atomistic Simulation Study

We reported a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of an advancing pure Al(100)/melt interface that encounters a foreign immiscible liquid Pb cylindrical nano-inclusion. When the advancing interface approaches the inclusion, the interface may engulf, push to an extent and then engulf or push the nano-inclusion away from the solidifying phase depending on the velocity of the interface. Here, we investigated cylindrical liquid Pb nano-inclusion pushing or engulfment by a growing crystal Al that strongly depends on the velocity of the crystal/melt interface, and a critical velocity (vc) is deduced. If the velocity of the interface is less than vc, then the inclusion is pushed and engulfed otherwise. The relationship between vc and the radius of the nano-inclusion is expressed using a power function that agrees well with the previous studies. For velocity above the vc, the crystal/melt interface plays a vital role; it hinders the matrix atoms from setting below the cylindrical nano-inclusion due to insufficient mass transfer below the inclusion, resulting in the engulfment.