Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered

For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered. E. Mavis Hetherington & John Kelly. New York: Norton. 2002. 307 pp. ISBN 0-393-- 04862-4. $26.95 (cloth). A trip to my local bookstore revealed an almost dizzying array of books on divorce intended for the lay audience. Unfortunately, few of them are particularly good, most giving advice that can be boiled down to something like "Now that you're divorced, try to get along [for the children's sake]. " Another lamentable characteristic of such books is that they tend to rely on almost no empirical data, or are or based on the authors' own "observations or experiences," or, in some cases, are based on the findings of a single study with a small, homogenous sample (e.g., Wallerstein, Lewis, & Blakeslee, 2000). For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered is refreshingly different from the average book of this genre. What I find so wonderful about this book is that it synthesizes the wealth of information researchers have collected over the years regarding the impact of divorce and remarriage and communicates this information to the general public in a useful and responsible way. I have often thought that one of the things that we, as researchers and academics, do not do very well is give back the information we take from so many people (who kindly donate this information to us) to them in a useful, understandable form. Rather, we tend to share the information among ourselves in the form of highly technical journal articles, book chapters, and trade books-all written in such a way as to be fairly uninteresting to the general reader. Although these forms of publication clearly have their own value, they do little to inform the public about the current state of knowledge on important issues or how the public can apply this knowledge to problems in their own lives. In my view, E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly have done just that, producing a highly readable book that is of interest to researchers, practitioners, and individuals dealing with their own family changes. Researchers interested in the impact of divorce will recognize many of the studies she refers to (although more specific citations throughout would have been nice), and individuals dealing with their own divorce or remarriage will find the "Points to Remember" sections at the end of each chapter both useful and helpful. Hetherington draws upon the stories of families who participated in the Virginia Longitudinal Study of Divorce over a 20-year period in the 1970s and 1980s. These stories, interwoven with information gleaned from the many other empirical studies of divorce Hetherington has been involved with over the years, as well as the research of others, make this book a "page-turner" and an extremely enjoyable read. …
Cerebral hypoxia: some new approaches and unanswered questions

The apoplexy of Hippocrates’ time remains with us today, unchanged and untreated. We call this syndrome of acute brain damage “stroke”; we know that it most commonly reflects localized tissue hypoxia attributable to reduced blood flow (ischemia). Focal hypoxia-ischemia also occurs in such contexts as traumatic insults, or cerebral hemorrhages, while global hypoxia-ischemia occurs in cardiac arrest, near-drowning, and carbon monoxide poisoning. The centuries since Thomas Willis, Johann Wepfer, and Giovanni Morgagni have brought precise definition of cerebral vascular anatomy and the neurological consequences of focal brain lesions, permitting full comprehension of functional deficits; we can prognosticate with sad accuracy. But the medical management of stroke patients in 1990 is still the management of symptoms and associated conditions. Despite its status as a major worldwide cause of death and disability, we are no more able than Hippocrates to treat cerebral hypoxia itself. Nevertheless, hope for the development of effective therapy has endured, and in the last few years has been encouraged by the emergence of some promising strategies for reducing the brain’s intrinsic susceptibility to hypoxic insults. These tissuelevel approaches, sometimes referred to as “parenchymal” approaches to distinguish them from other strategies aimed at influencing blood how, are based on recent information suggesting that central neurotransmitter mechanisms, especially those related to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxic neuronal death (Meldrum, 1985; Rothman and Olney, 1986; Choi, 1988b). In this essay I will comment on the possibility of new therapies for cerebral hypoxia directed at glutamate-mediated injury mechanisms, and will briefly mention some other potential approaches. Glutamate and hypoxic neuronal injury The brain is critically dependent on its blood flow for a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose. The oscillations of the electroencephalogram cease within seconds of cardiac arrest, and only a few minutes of severe ischemia can induce the selective degeneration of certain neuronal populations, including pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation, striatal medium-sized neurons, neocortical neurons in layers 3,
Prominent expression of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor in human skeletal muscle

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to exert neurotrophic effects on motor neurons as well as mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Because GDNF promotes survival of motor neurons in vivo and in vitro and rescues motor neurons from naturally occurring cell death, the potential use of GDNF for treatment of motor neuron diseases has been a major focus of recent research. The expression of GDNF in humans, however, has not been fully examined. In the present study, we examined the expression of GDNF in adult human muscle by Northern blot, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and immunohistochemical analyses to address physiological roles of GDNF in humans. Northern blot analysis demonstrated high expression of GDNF mRNA in human skeletal muscle when compared to that of mouse. Intense GDNF immunoreactivity was observed in the vicinity of plasma membranes of skeletal muscle, particularly at neuromuscular junctions. GDNF immunoreactivity was also observed within the axons and surrounding Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. However, RT‐PCR detected expression of GDNF mRNA only in skeletal muscle, and not within the anterior horn cells of human spinal cord. These results suggest that GDNF is produced by skeletal muscle and taken up at the nerve terminals for retrograde transport by axons. Thus, GDNF in human skeletal muscle may be involved in promoting motor neuron survival as a target‐derived neurotrophic factor. J. Comp. Neurol. 402:303–312, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic Design of Trypsin Cleavage Site Mutated Exendin4-Cysteine 1, an Orally Bioavailable Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist

Exendin-4 is a strong therapeutic candidate for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Related receptor agonist drugs have been on the market since 2005. However, technical limitations and the pain caused by subcutaneous injection have severely limited patient compliance. The goal of the study is to investigate a biologically active exendin-4 analog could be administered orally. Using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, we discovered that exendin4-cysteine administered by oral gavage had a distinct hypoglycemic effect in C57BL/6J mice. Using Rosetta Design and Amber, we designed and screened a series of exendin4-cysteine analogs to identify those that retained biological activity while resisting trypsin digestion. Trypsin Cleavage Site Mutated Exendin4-cysteine 1 (TSME-1), an analog whose bioactivity was similar to exendin-4 and was almost completely resistant to trypsin, was screened out. In addition, TSME-1 significantly normalized the blood glucose levels and the availability of TSME-1 was significantly higher than that of exendin-4 and exendin4-cysteine. Collectively orally administered TSME-1, a trypsin-resistant exendin-4 analog obtained by the system, is a strong candidate for future treatments of type 2 diabetes.
Covariance Matching for PDE-based Contour Tracking

This paper presents a novel formulation for object tracking. We model the second-order statistics of image regions and perform covariance matching under the variational level set framework. Specifically, covariance matrix is adopted as a visual object representation for partial differential equation (PDE) based contour tracking. Log-Euclidean calculus is used as a covariance distance metric instead of Euclidean distance which is unsuitable for measuring the similarities between covariance matrices, because the matrices typically lie on a non-Euclidean manifold. A novel image energy functional is formulated by minimizing the distance metrics between the candidate object region and a given template, and maximizing the ones between the background region and the template. The corresponding gradient flow is then derived according to a variational approach, enabling PDE-based visual tracking. Experiments on synthetic and real video sequences prove the validity of the proposed method.
IgG-4-Related Gallbladder Disease Mimicking Mirizzi Syndrome

A woman in her sixth decade was transferred to our tertiary hospital for management of obstructive jaundice and concern for a polypoid gallbladder mass. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a 3.7 cm gallstone in the gallbladder neck, thickened gallbladder wall and common hepatic duct stricture adjacent to the stone with resultant intrahepatic biliary ductal dilation suggesting a diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome versus neoplasia. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a severe biliary stricture and a stent was placed to span the stricture. Cytology brushings of the stricture were negative for malignant cells. Surgical pathology from a diagnostic laparoscopy converted to an open partial cholecystectomy revealed a histological diagnosis of IgG4 related cholecystitis. Following hospital discharge, the patient was referred to our gastroenterology clinic for evaluation of IgG4 cholangiopathy with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography evidence of persistent biliary stricture post-operatively. The patient was successfully treated with steroid therapy, as follow-up imaging demonstrated resolution of biliary dilation and improvement in the common hepatic duct stenosis and normalization of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase.
Manipulating chromosome structure and metaphase status with ultraviolet light and repair synthesis inhibitors.

DNA repair occurs in metaphase-arrested cells in response to ultraviolet irradiation. In the presence of the repair synthesis inhibitors hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine the chromosomes of such cells, as seen in Carnoy-fixed preparations, are decondensed. The extent of decondensation is related to both the u.v. dose and the duration of incubation in the presence of inhibitors. For any particular cell type there is a reasonable correlation between the amount of decondensation and the number of single-strand DNA breaks generated by the repair process under the same inhibitory conditions, though the chromosome changes continue after the number of single-strand breaks has reached a plateau. The dose response of chromosome decondensation varies between different cell types but is in general correlated with differences in levels of single-strand breaks accumulated under comparable inhibitory conditions. Decondensation can be detected after 0.5 Jm-2 in repair-competent human cells. In human cells defective in excision repair there is much less chromosome decondensation in response to the same u.v. dose and time of repair inhibition. However, a simian virus 40-transformed muntjac cell displays pronounced chromosome decondensation but has limited incision ability. Both chromosome decondensation and single-strand break accumulation in the presence of inhibitors are reversed when DNA precursors are provided, but reversal after higher u.v. doses and longer periods of incubation leads to recondensed chromosomes that are fragmented. Elution of the DNA from such cells through polycarbonate filters under non-denaturing conditions reveals that double-strand DNA breaks are generated during the period of incubation with inhibitors. Although the chromosomes of repair-inhibited metaphase cells are decondensed in fixed preparations, their morphology appears normal in intact cells. The cells also retain a capacity to induce prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) when fused with interphase cells: compared with control mitotic cells, the speed of induction is sometimes reduced but the final amount of PCC produced is similar.
Caractérisation des liens sociaux chez la caille japonaise (Coturnix japonica) : motivation sociale et lien entre familiers

Nous avons etudie l’influence de la motivation sociale - definie comme la recherche du contact social - sur les relations entre congeneres familiers chez des cailles japonaises selectionnees pour leur forte (HSR) ou faible (LSR) motivation sociale. A l’âge d’une semaine et apres un contact bref (= 24h), les cailleteaux LSR montrent une preference plus forte pour un familier que les HSR. Par contre les sujets HSR expriment une discrimination sur la familiarite plus marquee que les LSR a 6 semaines. Le lien social est plus faible chez les sujets HSR, malgre leur forte motivation sociale. Il est aussi plus faible dans les deux lignees pour les cailleteaux vivant dans des groupes de grande taille. Chez les cailleteaux LSR l’instabilite sociale diminue la reactivite emotionnelle (RE), indiquant une habituation au changement, alors que chez les HSR la RE reste elevee quel que soit les conditions de stabilite sociale. Enfin, les cailleteaux HSR ont une RE plus elevee que les LSR. Pour conclure, chez les cailleteaux, la motivation sociale influence fortement la perception de l’environnement social et comment ils interagissent avec lui. Les sujets LSR paraissent mieux adaptes a la vie en grand groupe.
The state of the European Union

Introduction. Flexibility or Fragmentation? Trends in European Integration - Professor Stephen Weatherill.Current Status and Relevance of Direct Effect - Christine Boch. Common Foreign and Security Policy - Professor Alan Dashwood. The Community Legal Order and the International Legal Context - Professor JHH Weiler.EC Eastern Europe Relations - Professor Marc Maresceau. The Eastern Enlargement of the European Community and the Common Agricultural Policy - Dr Joseph A McMahon. The Environment as a Pervasive Issue of EC Law Following the Amsterdam Treaty - Professor Jan Jans. The New Employment Chapter and Social Provisions in General of the Amsterdam Treaty - Professor Noreen Burrows. The 'European Social Model': A Critique - Dr Catriona Carter.Domestic Implementation of Community Law in the Context of Devolution - Professor T St John Bates. Problems of Implementation of Community Law in a Federal System - Dr Gisbert Brinkmann. Use of separate Coventions Between Member States in the Context of the European Community Itself - Professor Carlos Esplugues. The Third Pillar: Criminal Law Aspects and 'Convention Law' - Mr Peter Cullen. Enforcing Trade Integration Within the European Community - Mr Robert Hankin. The European Union's Role in the International Trading System - Dr S Woolcock. The EMU and its Impact at the Regional - Andrew Scott, University of Edinburgh. European monetary union - a lawyer's perspective - Professor John Usher, University of Edinburgh
Ploceus: Modeling, visualizing, and analyzing tabular data as networks

Tabular data are pervasive. Although tables often describe multivariate data without explicit definitions of a network, it may be advantageous to explore the data by modeling it as a graph or network for analysis. Even when a given table design specifies a network structure, analysts may want to look at multiple networks from different perspectives, at different levels of abstraction, and with different edge semantics. We present a system called Ploceus that offers a general approach for performing multidimensional and multilevel network–based visual analysis on multivariate tabular data. Powered by an underlying relational algebraic framework, Ploceus supports flexible construction and transformation of networks through a direct manipulation interface and integrates dynamic network manipulation with visual exploration through immediate feedback mechanisms. We report our findings on the learnability and usability of Ploceus and propose a model of user actions in visualization construction using Ploceus.
Numerical Analysis of the Performance of the DU91-W2-250 Airfoil for Straight-Bladed Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Application

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the performance of a three-bladed Darrieus vertical-axi s w nd turbine based on the DU91-W2-250 airfoil. A complete campai gn of 2-D simulations, performed for several values of tip sp eed ratio and based on RANS unsteady calculations, has been performed t o ob ain the rotor torque and power curves. Rotor performances h ave been compared with the results of a previous work based on the use of the NACA 0021 airfoil. Both the power coefficient and t he torque coefficient have been determined as a function of t he tip speed ratio. The flow field around rotor blades has also been an alyzed. As a final result, the performance of the DU airfoil based rot o appears to be lower than the one based on the NACA 0021 blade sec tion. This behavior could be due to the higher stall character istics of the NACA profile, being the separation zone at the trailing ed e more extended for the DU airfoil. Keywords—CFD, vertical axis wind turbine, DU91-W2-250, NACA 0021
Comparison and combination of two novel commercial detection methods

Detection and removal of commercials plays an important role when searching for important broadcast news video material. Two novel approaches are proposed based on two distinctive characteristics of commercials, namely, repetitive use of commercials over time and distinctive color and audio features. Furthermore, proposed strategies for combining the results of the two methods yield even better performance. Experiments show over 90% recall and precision on a test set of 5 hours of ABC and CNN broadcast news data
Resonances for manifolds hyperbolic at infinity: optimal lower bounds on order of growth

Suppose that $(X, g)$ is a conformally compact $(n+1)$-dimensional manifold that is hyperbolic at infinity in the sense that outside of a compact set $K \subset X$ the sectional curvatures of $g$ are identically equal to minus one. We prove that the counting function for the resolvent resonances has maximal order of growth $(n+1)$ generically for such manifolds.
An approach to requirements categorization using Kano's model and crowds

Despite advances in the requirements elicitation techniques, researchers show that even today software engineers cannot understand exactly what a product should offer to meet user needs and expectations. This paper aims to propose a new strategy to assist the process of requirements categorization, so that it becomes possible to extract from the user what he really expects of a product. The proposed framework is based on the concepts of requirements categorization established by Noriaki Kano, and on previous studies focused on collective intelligence, to propose different approaches to extract from the crowd the necessary knowledge to classify requirements and decide what should be prioritized and what should not, according to user expectations.
Total margin based adaptive fuzzy support vector machines for multiview face recognition

Multiview face recognition is a very difficult pattern recognition problem due to its large variation. And support vector machine (SVM) can serve as a robust classifier for its excellent generalization ability. This paper proposes a new class called total margin based adaptive fuzzy support vector machines (TAF-SVM) to deal with the some problems that may occur in SVM when applied to multiview face recognition. The proposed TAF-SVM not only solves the overfitting problem due to outliers but also corrects the skew of the optimal separating hyperplane due to the training from very imbalanced datasets. In addition, by introducing the total margin algorithm, a lower generalization error bound can be obtained The above three goals are embodied into the traditional SVM so that the TAF-SVM is proposed and reformulated in both linear and nonlinear cases in this paper. By using the CYCU multiview face database and the kernel Fisher's discriminant analysis (KFDA) method to extract discriminating face features, experimental results indicate that the proposed TAF-SVM is superior to the traditional SVM for multiview face recognition. Also, results demonstrate that the proposed TAF-SVM can achieve smaller error variances than SVM.
Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) the Secure Sockets Layer (ssl) Protocol Version 3.0

This document is published as a historical record of the SSL 3.0 protocol. The original Abstract follows. This document specifies version 3.0 of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL 3.0) protocol, a security protocol that provides communications privacy over the Internet. The protocol allows client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. Foreword Although the SSL 3.0 protocol is a widely implemented protocol, a pioneer in secure communications protocols, and the basis for Transport Layer Security (TLS), it was never formally published by the IETF, except in several expired Internet-Drafts. This allowed no easy referencing to the protocol. We believe a stable reference to the original document should exist and for that reason, this document describes what is known as the last published version of the SSL 3.0 protocol, that is, the November 18, 1996, version of the protocol. There were no changes to the original document other than trivial editorial changes and the addition of a "Security Considerations" section. However, portions of the original document that no longer apply were not included. Such as the "Patent Statement" section, the "Reserved Ports Assignment" section, and the cipher-suite registrator note in the "The CipherSuite" section. The "US export rules" discussed in the document do not apply today but are kept intact to provide context for decisions taken in protocol design. The "Goals of This Document" section indicates the goals for adopters of SSL 3.0, not goals of the IETF. (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF Contributions published or made publicly available before November 10, 2008. The person(s) controlling …