Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of intracoronary radiation for in-stent restenosis.

Vascular Brachytherapy using beta and gamma radiation is the standard care for patients with in-stent restenosis (ISR). The reported incidence of ISR varies from 7-37% of patients who undergo bare metal stent implantation and is dependent on patient characteristics, lesion morphology, and procedural technique. The recurrence rate after treatment for ISR varies among reported series but remains high, ranging from 35-85%, regardless of treatment modalities, including balloon angioplasty, rotational or directional atherectomy, excimer laser ablation, re-stenting and cutting balloon. The diffuse pattern of ISR (> 10 mm) is associated with even higher rates of recurrence and presents a therapeutic challenge. Serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have demonstrated that ISR results primarily from neointimal tissue hyperplasia distributed either focally or diffusely over the entire length of the stent. Recently, new stent designs and the use of drug-eluting stents have shown promise in decreasing the overall incidence of in-stent restenosis. Yet even for the Sirolimus eluting stent, the reported restenosis in diabetes, small vessel, and long lesions range from 1518%. ISR continues to be a clinical problem. This review summarizes the clinical trials in vascular brachytherapy using beta or gamma radiation for the treatment of ISR with an emphasis on lessons learned from these trials and its role in the era of drug-eluting stents.
Post‐Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Mu‐Opioid Receptor (MOR) by Morphine‐Induced RNA Binding Proteins hnRNP K and PCBP1

Expression of the mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) protein is controlled by extensive transcriptional and post‐transcriptional processing. MOR gene expression has previously been shown to be altered by a post‐transcriptional mechanism involving the MOR mRNA untranslated region (UTR). Here, we demonstrate for the first time the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acids (hnRNA)‐binding protein (hnRNP) K and poly(C)‐binding protein 1 (PCBP1) as post‐transcriptional inducers in MOR gene regulation. In the absence of morphine, a significant level of MOR mRNA is sustained in its resting state and partitions in the translationally inactive polysomal fraction. Morphine stimulation activates the downstream targets hnRNP K and PCPB1 and induces partitioning of the MOR mRNA to the translationally active fraction. Using reporter and ligand binding assays, as well as RNA EMSA, we reveal potential RNP binding sites located in the 5′‐untranslated region of human MOR mRNA. In addition, we also found that morphine‐induced RNPs could regulate MOR expression. Our results establish the role of hnRNP K and PCPB1 in the translational control of morphine‐induced MOR expression in human neuroblastoma (NMB) cells as well as cells stably expressing MOR (NMB1). J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 576–584, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
French speech recognition in an automatic dictation system for translators: the transtalk project

This paper describes a system designed for use by professional trans-lators that enables them to dictate their translation. Because the speech recognizer has access to the source text as well as the spoken translation, a statistical translation model can guide recognition. This can be done in many di(cid:11)erent ways|which is best? We discuss the experiments that led to integration of the translation model in a way that improves both speed and performance.
Kernel centric machine learning classifiers for anomaly detection with real bank datasets

The machine learning is more effective today in anomaly detection to improve the classification accuracy. The use of powerful kernel based learning is very practical in current trends may expose accurate results in real time database applications. In this context, we need to use the new and adorned machine learning classifiers. In this paper we have given very successful and emerged kernels SVM (Support Vector Machines) which uses the marginal hyperplane uniquely determine the classes by mapping of data and KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis) is an extension to PCA. Both used to classify the data and detecting anomalies by transforming input space into high dimensional feature space. The SVM kernel is use non-linear mapping function and inner product replace with kernel ingredients. KPCA extract principal components from set of corresponding eigenvectors and used as threshold with reference to kernel width. The SVM and KPCA are implemented by taking one real-time bank dataset and other from UCI machine learning repository sets. Finally performance compared with non-kernel techniques (CART, k-NN, PLSDA, PCA) applied on same datasets using training and test set combinations.
Short-Term Starvation of Immune Deficient Drosophila Improves Survival to Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Background Primary immunodeficiencies are inborn errors of immunity that lead to life threatening conditions. These predispositions describe human immunity in natura and highlight the important function of components of the Toll-IL-1- receptor-nuclear factor kappa B (TIR-NF-κB) pathway. Since the TIR-NF-κB circuit is a conserved component of the host defence in higher animals, genetically tractable models may contribute ideas for clinical interventions. Methodology/Principal Findings We used immunodeficient fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) to address questions pertaining to survival following bacterial infection. We describe here that flies lacking the NF-κB protein Relish, indispensable for countering Gram-negative bacteria, had a greatly improved survival to such infections when subject to dietary short-term starvation (STS) prior to immune challenge. STS induced the release of Nitric Oxide (NO), a potent molecule against pathogens in flies, mice and humans. Administering the NO Synthase-inhibitory arginine analog N-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl-Ester (L-NAME) but not its inactive enantiomer D-NAME increased once again sensitivity to infection to levels expected for relish mutants. Surprisingly, NO signalling required the NF-κB protein Dif, usually needed for responses against Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions/Significance Our results show that NO release through STS may reflect an evolutionary conserved process. Moreover, STS could be explored to address immune phenotypes related to infection and may offer ways to boost natural immunity.
Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized?

Many observers have asserted with little evidence that Americans' social opinions have become polarized. Using General Social Survey and National Election Survey social attitude items that have been repeated regularly over 20 years, the authors ask (1) Have Americans' opinions become more dispersed (higher variance)? (2) Have distributions become flatter or more bimodal (declining kurtosis)? (3) Have opinions become more ideologically constrained within and across opinion domains? (4) Have paired social groups become more different in their opinions? The authors find little evidence of polarization over the past two decades, with attitudes toward abortion and opinion differences between Republican and Democratic party identifiers the exceptional cases.
Visualisation of chicken macrophages using transgenic reporter genes: insights into the development of the avian macrophage lineage

We have generated the first transgenic chickens in which reporter genes are expressed in a specific immune cell lineage, based upon control elements of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) locus. The Fms intronic regulatory element (FIRE) within CSF1R is shown to be highly conserved in amniotes and absolutely required for myeloid-restricted expression of fluorescent reporter genes. As in mammals, CSF1R-reporter genes were specifically expressed at high levels in cells of the macrophage lineage and at a much lower level in granulocytes. The cell lineage specificity of reporter gene expression was confirmed by demonstration of coincident expression with the endogenous CSF1R protein. In transgenic birds, expression of the reporter gene provided a defined marker for macrophage-lineage cells, identifying the earliest stages in the yolk sac, throughout embryonic development and in all adult tissues. The reporter genes permit detailed and dynamic visualisation of embryonic chicken macrophages. Chicken embryonic macrophages are not recruited to incisional wounds, but are able to recognise and phagocytose microbial antigens.
Sparse Approximation-Based Maximum Likelihood Approach for Estimation of Radiological Source Terms

A computationally efficient and accurate method is presented for identifying the number, intensity and location of stationary multiple radiological sources. The proposed method uniformly grids the region of interest resulting in a finite set of solutions for the source locations. The resulting problem is a sparse convex optimization problem based on L1-norm minimization. The solution of this convex optimization encapsulates all information needed for the estimation of source terms; the values of the nonzero elements of the solution vector approximates the source intensity, the grid points corresponding to the nonzero elements approximates the source locations, and the number of nonzero elements is the number of sources. The accuracy limited by the resolution of the grid is further improved by making use of the maximum likelihood estimation approach. The performance of sparse approximation based maximum likelihood estimation is verified using real experimental data acquired from radiological field trials in the presence of up to three point sources of gamma radiation. The numerical results show that the proposed approach efficiently and accurately identifies the source terms simultaneously, and it outperforms existing methods which have been used for stationary multiple radiological source terms estimation.
The PDTIS bioinformatics platform: from sequence to function

Since the eighties, Bioinformatics has acquired a growing importance in the biological sciences. Due to the complexity of hardware and software tools, and the need for a specialized management of network infrastructure, data processing and storage, many research institutions organized a bioinformatics core facility. In this work, we describe typical bioinformatics activities and the organization of a bioinformatics core with institutional support. Since the end of the 1980s, Fiocruz has contributed for the development and establishment of Bioinformatics in Rio de Janeiro, through different initiatives. Starting with sequence analysis courses, today our institution has a permanent Bioinformatics service, integrated with other strategic activities through a thematic network of technological platforms imbedded in the Program for Technological Development of Health Products (PDTIS), where the main attributions of such platforms are concentrated in support, establishment of new methodologies and active participation in research projects and technological development. In this paper we present the PDTIS Bioinformatics Platform, its scope, resources and its support, teaching and research activities. Bioinformatics has emerged as a new scientific area and a short history of its development at Fiocruz is also summarized.
Levetiracetam induces a rapid and sustained reduction of generalized spike-wave and clinical absence.

BACKGROUND Levetiracetam (LEV) is a new antiepileptic drug with efficacy in partial-onset seizures. We report a case in which generalized-onset absence seizures responded clinically and electrographically to LEV. METHODS We evaluated with continuous video/electroencephalography an adult with generalized-onset seizures given 3 antiepileptic drugs, 1 of which was LEV. Levetiracetam initiation 2 months before admission decreased patient-reported seizures. Interictal electroencephalography revealed generalized 3.5-Hz spike-wave and polyspike-wave discharges. Spike-wave bursts lasting 2 seconds or longer caused a pause in continuous reading aloud, consistent with clinical absence seizures. Levetiracetam was discontinued on admission, lamotrigine was gradually discontinued across 2 days, and topiramate was not changed. One encephalographer counted from video/electroencephalography recordings the number of spike-wave bursts in 1-hour time samples that included wake and sleep time. RESULTS Spike-wave bursts increased from 4 to 56 per hour at baseline (4000 mg of LEV per day) to 406 to 914 per hour less than 48 hours after LEV discontinuation. Levetiracetam treatment was restarted, and 3 hours after the first dose of 1000 mg, spike-wave bursts dropped to 135 per hour. Response was sustained during the next 2 days. CONCLUSIONS This case showed a dramatic, rapid effect of LEV discontinuation and reinstitution on generalized spike-wave burst frequency and clinical absence. The effects were independent of reduction of lamotrigine and without change in topiramate doses and occurred in a time course consistent with LEV pharmacokinetics. Levetiracetam may be effective in generalized-onset epilepsy, and randomized, controlled trials are indicated.
Early neutralizing IgG response to Chikungunya virus in infected patients targets a dominant linear epitope on the E2 glycoprotein

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and related arboviruses have been responsible for large epidemic outbreaks with serious economic and social impact. The immune mechanisms, which control viral multiplication and dissemination, are not yet known. Here, we studied the antibody response against the CHIKV surface antigens in infected patients. With plasma samples obtained during the early convalescent phase, we showed that the naturally‐acquired IgG response is dominated by IgG3 antibodies specific mostly for a single linear epitope ‘E2EP3’. E2EP3 is located at the N‐terminus of the E2 glycoprotein and prominently exposed on the viral envelope. E2EP3‐specific antibodies are neutralizing and their removal from the plasma reduced the CHIKV‐specific antibody titer by up to 80%. Screening of E2EP3 across different patient cohorts and in non‐human primates demonstrated the value of this epitope as a good serology detection marker for CHIKV infection already at an early stage. Mice vaccinated by E2EP3 peptides were protected against CHIKV with reduced viremia and joint inflammation, providing a pre‐clinical basis for the design of effective vaccine against arthralgia‐inducing CHIKV and other alphaviruses.
Molecular Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma: Potential Clinical Implications

Glioblastomas, (grade 4 astrocytomas), are aggressive primary brain tumors characterized by histopathological heterogeneity. High-resolution sequencing technologies have shown that these tumors also feature significant inter-tumoral molecular heterogeneity. Molecular subtyping of these tumors has revealed several predictive and prognostic biomarkers. However, intra-tumoral heterogeneity may undermine the use of single biopsy analysis for determining tumor genotype and has implications for potential targeted therapies. The clinical relevance and theories of tumoral molecular heterogeneity in glioblastoma are discussed.
Normal Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Knee

Functionally, the knee comprises 2 articulations—the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral. Stability of the joint is governed by a combination of static ligaments, dynamic muscular forces, meniscocapsular aponeurosis, bony topography, and joint load. The surgeon is ill equipped to undertake surgical treatment of a dislocated knee without a sound footing in the anatomic complexities of this joint. We review the normal anatomy of the knee, emphasizing connective tissue structures and common injury patterns.
‘No-one in the world would ever wanna speak to me again’: an interpretative phenomenological analysis into convicted sexual offenders' accounts and experiences of maintaining and leaving denial

This paper is concerned with illuminating the experiences and perspectives of sexual offenders who had categorically denied their offences and, through their narratives, gain an insight into the processes behind and underlying both maintaining and coming out of, denial. The study is made up of interviews with 11 convicted sexual offenders who had each denied their offences but who are now admitting their guilt. The interviews were analysed qualitatively using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis revealed three superordinate themes: ‘maintaining viable identities’; ‘being’ in denial’; and ‘wanting to change’. These themes are unpacked and their relevance to maintaining and leaving denial are discussed. Implications for treatment, including barriers to treatment for convicted sexual offenders who deny their offences are discussed.
Early transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease (EVD), West Africa, March to August 2014.

The effective reproduction number, Rt, of Ebola virus disease was estimated using country-specific data reported from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone to the World Health Organization from March to August, 2014. Rt for the three countries lies consistently above 1.0 since June 2014. Country-specific Rt for Liberia and Sierra Leone have lied between 1.0 and 2.0. Rt<2 indicate that control could be attained by preventing over half of the secondary transmissions per primary case.
The Range and Depth of English-Knowing Bilinguals in Singapore.

ABSTRACT: The concept ‘English-knowing bilingualism’ is particularly worthy of exploration in Singapore because of the rapidly evolving special nature of ‘bilingualism’ there and the penetration of English into several domains. The discourse of ‘English-knowing bilinguals’ in two main domains—at home and at school—is examined in terms of the range and depth of functional uses previously suggested. The discourse is explained with a new model, that of ‘expanding triangles’ involving an increasing English-speaking base population and two distinctive English speech clines in Singapore, graded on formality and proficiency considerations. The instrumental, regulative and interpersonal functions of language call for the subvariety of English found at the lower ends of the English speech clines in Singapore. The representative or informative and the heuristic functions have been served by the subvariety at the upper ends of the speech clines. The imaginative or innovative function has been traditionally served by a high variety of English but the lower varieties are also increasingly being used in codified texts such as poems, short stories and plays by Singaporean writers. The concept of expanding triangles in English-knowing bilingualism is detailed in this paper to enable some comprehension of an otherwise haphazard and infinite array of linguistic diversity involving the functions of English in Singapore.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector with enhanced MHC class I presentation and tumor cell killing

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors are promising therapeutic agents for cancer. Their efficacy depends on the extent of both intratumoral viral replication and induction of a host antitumor immune response. To enhance these properties while employing ample safeguards, two conditionally replicating HSV-1 vectors, termed G47Δ and R47Δ, have been constructed by deleting the α47 gene and the promoter region of US11 from γ34. 5-deficient HSV-1 vectors, G207 and R3616, respectively. Because the α47 gene product is responsible for inhibiting the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), its absence led to increased MHC class I expression in infected human cells. Moreover, some G47Δ-infected human melanoma cells exhibited enhanced stimulation of matched antitumor T cell activity. The deletion also places the late US11 gene under control of the immediate-early α47 promoter, which suppresses the reduced growth properties of γ34. 5-deficient mutants. G47Δ and R47Δ showed enhanced viral growth in a variety of cell lines, leading to higher virus yields and enhanced cytopathic effect in tumor cells. G47Δ was significantly more efficacious in vivo than its parent G207 at inhibiting tumor growth in both immune-competent and immune-deficient animal models. Yet, when inoculated into the brains of HSV-1-sensitive A/J mice at 2 × 106 plaque forming units, G47Δ was as safe as G207. These results suggest that G47Δ may have enhanced antitumor activity in humans.
Behavior tables: A basis for system representation and transformational system synthesis

Introduces behavior tables, an extension of register transfer tables, as a unified basis for reasoning about control, datapath, protocol, and data expansion facets of system synthesis. Behavior tables can model indirection in system specification, by allowing names of registers and states to be treated as values. Behavior tables are based on a finite state machine model and provide a framework for transformational design to derive a formally correct implementation from a specification. To illustrate our approach, we sketch some transformations on a behavior table description of the FM9001 processor.
On the Construction of Initial Basis Function for Efficient Value Function Approximation

We address the issues of improving the feature generation methods for the value-function approximation and the state space approximation. We focus the improvement of feature generation methods on approaches based on the Bellman error. The original Bellman-error-based approaches construct the first basis function as an arbitrary nonzero vector. This kind of design results an inefficient generation of the basis functions. We propose a method to construct the first basis function that models the structure of the value-function. Our method improves the efficiency of existing feature generation algorithms and derives a more precise model for value-function approximation. We also propose to use the relevance vector machine to find a sparse state representation and project the original high-dimensional state space to the resulting low-dimensional state space. Our framework shows improved performance on existing benchmark problems, and is also effective on a car racing problem.
Characterization of Indoor Extremely Low Frequency and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in the INMA-Granada Cohort

Objective To characterize the exposure to electric fields and magnetic fields of non-ionizing radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum (15 Hz to 100 kHz) in the dwellings of children from the Spanish Environment and Childhood-“INMA” population-based birth cohort. Methodology The study sample was drawn from the INMA-Granada cohort. Out of 300 boys participating in the 9–10 year follow-up, 123 families agreed to the exposure assessment at home and completed a specific ad hoc questionnaire gathering information on sources of non-ionizing radiation electric and magnetic fields inside the homes and on patterns of use. Long-term indoor measurements were carried out in the living room and bedroom. Results Survey data showed a low exposure in the children's homes according to reference levels of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection but with large differences among homes in mean and maximum values. Daytime electrostatic and magnetic fields were below the quantification limit in 78.6% (92 dwellings) and 92.3% (108 dwellings) of houses, with an arithmetic mean value (± standard deviation) of 7.31±9.32 V/m and 162.30±91.16 nT, respectively. Mean magnetic field values were 1.6 lower during the night than the day. Nocturnal electrostatic values were not measured. Exposure levels were influenced by the area of residence (higher values in urban/semi-urban versus rural areas), type of dwelling, age of dwelling, floor of the dwelling, and season. Conclusion Given the greater sensitivity to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields of children and following the precautionary principle, preventive measures are warranted to reduce their exposure.