Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induces Porcine Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis through the Protease Activity of 3Cpro

Although FMDV is an important virulent infectious disease virus, few reports have addressed its relationship with pyroptosis or pyroptosis factors, and most studies focus on the immune escape mechanism of FMDV. GSDME (DFNA5) was initially identified as being associated with deafness disorders. ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by FMD virus (FMDV). Currently, the molecular pathogenesis of FMDV infection remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that FMDV infection induced gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis independent of caspase-3 activity. Further studies showed that FMDV 3Cpro cleaved porcine GSDME (pGSDME) at the Q271-G272 junction adjacent to the cleavage site (D268-A269) of porcine caspase-3 (pCASP3). The inhibition of enzyme activity of 3Cpro failed to cleave pGSDME and induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, overexpression of pCASP3 or 3Cpro-mediated cleavage fragment pGSDME-NT was sufficient to induce pyroptosis. Moreover, the knockdown of GSDME attenuated the pyroptosis caused by FMDV infection. Our study reveals a novel mechanism of pyroptosis induced by FMDV infection and might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of FMDV and the design of antiviral drugs. IMPORTANCE Although FMDV is an important virulent infectious disease virus, few reports have addressed its relationship with pyroptosis or pyroptosis factors, and most studies focus on the immune escape mechanism of FMDV. GSDME (DFNA5) was initially identified as being associated with deafness disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that GSDME is a key executioner for pyroptosis. Here, we first demonstrate that pGSDME is a novel cleavage substrate of FMDV 3Cpro and can induce pyroptosis. Thus, this study reveals a previously unrecognized novel mechanism of pyroptosis induced by FMDV infection and might provide new insights into the design of anti-FMDV therapies and the mechanisms of pyroptosis induced by other picornavirus infections.
Experiments with a Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition for Multiple-Depot Vehicle Scheduling Problems

In this paper, we present a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for the $NP$-hard multiple-depot vehicle scheduling problem in public mass transit. It turned out that such a decomposition approach is an unsuitable method to solve such kind of multicommodity flow problems. The major obstacle to solve such problems is that the continuous master problem relaxations become too hard to be solved efficiently. Especially for problems with more than one thousand timetabled trips, the LU factorization in solving a restricted master problem takes far too much time. We will describe our computational experiments in detail and discuss the reasons why the decomposition method fails in this case. Our computational investigations are based on real-world problems from the city of Hamburg with up to 2,283 timetabled trips. Our decomposition implementation is compared with a delayed column generation to solve the linear programming (LP) relaxation directly. This LP method can solve the LP relaxations of the integer linear programming formulation exactly for truly large-scale real-world problems of the cities of Berlin and Hamburg.
Ten-Year Survivorship, Outcomes, and Sports Participation in Athletes After Primary Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome

Background: Hip arthroscopy is an effective treatment tool for athletes with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. However, long-term data are scarce. Purpose: To assess survivorship, minimum 10-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and sports participation after primary hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome in athletes and to perform a propensity-matched comparison between patients undergoing labral debridement and labral repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome between February 2008 and December 2010 were eligible. Exclusion criteria were other ipsilateral hip condition, Tönnis grade ≥2, or no baseline PROMs. Survivorship was defined as no conversion to total hip arthroplasty. The Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), minimal clinically important difference (MCID), maximum outcome improvement (MOI) satisfaction threshold, and sports participation were reported. A propensity-matched comparison between labral debridement and labral repair was performed. Two additional propensity-matched subanalyses were performed for capsular management and cartilage damage. Results: In total, 189 hips (177 patients) were included. The mean ± SD follow-up was 127.2 ± 6.0 months. Survivorship was 85.7%. Significant improvement in all PROMs was reported (P < .001). A total of 46 athletes with labral repair were propensity matched to 46 athletes with labral debridement. This subanalysis demonstrated significant and comparable improvement in all PROMs at minimum 10-year follow-up (P < .001). For the labral repair group, the PASS achievement rates were 88.9% for the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and 80% for the Hip Outcome Score–Sport Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS); the MCID achievement rates were 80.6% for the mHHS and 84% for HOS-SSS; and for the MOI satisfaction threshold, rates were 77.8%, 80.6%, and 55.6% for the mHHS, Nonarthritic Hip Score, and visual analog scale, respectively. For the labral debridement group, the PASS achievement rates were 85.3% for the mHHS and 70.4% for the HOS-SSS; the MCID achievement rates were 81.8% for the mHHS and 74.1% for HOS-SSS; and for the MOI satisfaction threshold, rates were 72.7%, 81.8%, and 66.7% for the mHHS, Nonarthritic Hip Score, and visual analog scale. Total hip arthroplasty conversions occurred significantly sooner with labral debridement than labral repair (P = .048). Age was identified as a significant predictor of achieving the PASS. Conclusion: Primary hip arthroscopy for FAI syndrome in athletes results in 85.7% survivorship and sustained PROM improvement at a minimum 10-year follow-up. A significant time delay to total hip arthroplasty conversion at 10-year follow-up was reported with labral repair over debridement, although this should be interpreted with caution, as the total number of conversions was small.
Association of Hypnotizability, Interoception, and Emotion

ABSTRACT The present scoping review reports the reciprocal relations between hypnotizability, interoception, and emotion. Brain morpho-functional differences may account for the lower interoceptive accuracy, higher interoceptive sensitivity, and different emotional strategies observed in highly hypnotizable participants with respect to medium-to-low hypnotizables. Since interoception is relevant to both physical and mental health and hypnotizability can predict both interoceptive abilities and the efficacy of interoception-based mental training, this allows for the development of new forms of treatment and rehabilitation.
Cutaneous nerve fiber and peripheral Nav1.7 assessment in a large cohort of patients with postherpetic neuralgia

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Bilateral skin biopsies from a large cohort of patients with postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) showed no correlation of intraepidermal nerve fiber density with baseline pain and confirmed that concurrent loss of contralateral nerve fibers is common. Nav1.7 immunolabeling revealed no increase in PHN-affected skin compared with that in the contralateral side.
What Factors Are Associated With Stem Breakage in Distal Femoral Endoprosthetic Replacements Undertaken for Primary Bone Tumors?

Abstract Background The advantages of distal femoral replacement prostheses for reconstructions after tumors are well known; one such implant, the Global Modular Replacement System (GMRS), has been widely used since 2003. Although implant breakage has been reported, the frequency of this event has varied across different studies. Questions/purposes (1) What percentage of patients who underwent distal femur resection and replacement using the GMRS for primary bone tumors at one center experienced stem breakage? (2) At what timepoints did these breakages occur, and what factors were common among the stems that broke? Methods We performed a retrospective study of all patients who underwent distal femur resection and replacement using the GMRS for a diagnosis of primary bone sarcoma by the Queensland Bone and Soft-tissue Tumor service from 2003 to 2020 who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Standard follow-up for primary bone sarcoma involves radiographic imaging of the femur at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively and yearly thereafter. From a chart review, we identified patients with femoral stem breakage. Patient and implant details were recorded and analyzed. A total of 116 patients had undergone a distal femoral replacement with the GMRS prosthesis for primary bone sarcoma; however, 6.9% (eight of 116 patients) died before completing the 2-year follow-up period and were excluded. Of the remaining 108 patients, 15% (16 patients) had died at the time of this review; however, given that they completed the 2-year follow‐up period and did not experience stem breakage, they were included. Furthermore, 15% (16 patients) were considered lost to follow-up and excluded because they have not been seen in the past 5 years but were not known to have died or experienced stem breakage. This left 92 patients for analysis. Results Stem breakages were identified in 5.4% (five of 92) of patients. All stem breakages occurred in stem diameters 11 mm or less with a porous body construct; the percentage of patients with breakage in this group was 16% (five of 31). All patients with stem fracture demonstrated minimal ongrowth to the porous coated body. The median time to stem fracture was 10 years (range 2 to 12 years); however, two of the five stems broke within 3 years. Conclusion We recommend the use of a larger-diameter GMRS cemented stem (> 11 mm), and either the line-to-line cementing method or an uncemented stem from an alternative company should be considered in order to achieve this larger stem in smaller canals. If a stem less than 12 mm in diameter must be used or there is evidence of minimal ongrowth, then close follow-up and prompt investigation of new symptoms should occur. Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic study.
Sex determination by morphology of calcaneum bone

Univarient Discriminant function analysis method was used to find out the bisexual variations in the calcaneum bone. Calcaneum of 50 males and 50 females were studied, five discriminant functions were generated of which load arm length gave the highest accuracy followed by load arm width, maximum length, body height, and minimum width. Significant male preponderance of all the measurements in calcaneum of either side was found.
The CUL4B‐based E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates mitosis and brain development by recruiting phospho‐specific DCAFs

The paralogs CUL4A and CUL4B assemble cullin‐RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes regulating multiple chromatin‐associated cellular functions. Although they are structurally similar, we found that the unique N‐terminal extension of CUL4B is heavily phosphorylated during mitosis, and the phosphorylation pattern is perturbed in the CUL4B‐P50L mutation causing X‐linked intellectual disability (XLID). Phenotypic characterization and mutational analysis revealed that CUL4B phosphorylation is required for efficient progression through mitosis, controlling spindle positioning and cortical tension. While CUL4B phosphorylation triggers chromatin exclusion, it promotes binding to actin regulators and to two previously unrecognized CUL4B‐specific substrate receptors (DCAFs), LIS1 and WDR1. Indeed, co‐immunoprecipitation experiments and biochemical analysis revealed that LIS1 and WDR1 interact with DDB1, and their binding is enhanced by the phosphorylated N‐terminal domain of CUL4B. Finally, a human forebrain organoid model demonstrated that CUL4B is required to develop stable ventricular structures that correlate with onset of forebrain differentiation. Together, our study uncovers previously unrecognized DCAFs relevant for mitosis and brain development that specifically bind CUL4B, but not the CUL4B‐P50L patient mutant, by a phosphorylation‐dependent mechanism.
Rainbow UDA: Combining Domain Adaptive Models for Semantic Segmentation Tasks

In this paper, we propose Rainbow UDA, a framework designed to address the drawbacks of the previous ensemble-distillation frameworks when combining multiple unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) models for semantic segmentation tasks. Such drawbacks are mainly caused by overlooking the magnitudes of the output certainties of different members in an ensemble as well as their individual performance in the target domain, causing the distillation process to suffer from certainty inconsistency and performance variation issues. These issues may hinder the effectiveness of an ensemble that includes members with either biased certainty distributions or have poor performance in the target domain. To mitigate such a deficiency, Rainbow UDA introduces two operations: the unification and the channel-wise fusion operations, to address the above two issues. In order to validate the designs of Rainbow UDA, we leverage the GTA5 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\to$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>→</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chao-ieq1-3289308.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> Cityscapes and SYNTHIA <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\to$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mo>→</mml:mo></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="chao-ieq2-3289308.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> Cityscapes benchmarks to examine the effectiveness of the two operations, and compare Rainbow UDA against a wide variety of baseline approaches. We also provide a set of analyses to show that Rainbow UDA is effective, robust, and can evolve with time as the ensemble grows.
Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Field Stimulation for Drug-Refractory Pediatric Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Background: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disabling condition frequently refractory to pharmacologic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of noninvasive, auricular percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) as prophylactic therapy for pediatric CVS. Methods: Children 8–18 years with drug-refractory CVS were prospectively enrolled from a tertiary care CVS clinic. Subjects received 6 consecutive weeks of PENFS. CVS severity was quantified by episode frequency and duration score (range 0–25) at baseline and at extended follow-up (4–6 months after end of therapy). Response was classified as ≥50% improvement in either frequency or duration of attacks at extended follow-up. Subjects also completed validated surveys of nausea, disability, and global response. Results: Thirty subjects completed the study. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 10.5 (8.5–15.5) years; 60% were female. At follow-up, 80% met criteria for treatment response with a median (IQR) response duration of 113 (61–182) days. The frequency-duration score improved from baseline median (IQR) 12.0 (9.0–16.0) to 3.0 (1.0–6.0) at follow-up, P < 0.0001. Median (IQR) nausea and disability scores decreased from baseline to week 6: 2.1 (1.3–2.7) to 0.9 (0–1.6), P = 0.003 and 47.5 (41.0–53.0) to 38.0 (16.0–51.0), P = 0.001, respectively. At end of therapy, 66% and 55% patients reported global response of at least “moderately better” and “a good deal better,” respectively. There were no serious side effects. Conclusions: This study suggests long-term benefits of PENFS for children with CVS. PENFS improves several disabling aspects of CVS, including episode frequency, duration, and functional disability.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Considerations for Use of the Barnett and Preisendorfer (1987) Algorithm for Canonical Correlation Analysis of Climate Variations

Bretherton et al. (1992) have pointed out that for most problems involving interseasonal and longer timescale variability of the atmosphere and oceans, prefiltering data is necessary for canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to perform comparably to certain other multivariate statistical schemes like singular value decomposition. This approach to CCA for climate problems was first suggested by Barnett and Preisendorfer (1987, hereafter BP), who filtered multiple fields of time series by replacing them with a truncated set of their principal components (PCs). Subsequent to its introduction, the BP method was applied extensively to linear climate prediction at the National Weather Service (Barnston 1994), which in turn has led to several further applications, both published (Barnston and Smith 1996, hereafter BS; He and Barnston 1996; Barnston and He 1996) and in progress. The CCA procedure produces an orthogonal hierarchy of predictor–predictand pattern pairs that represent in turn the maximum amount of cross correlation between the predictor and predictand fields, the second largest portion, etc. The transformation matrix relating the ordered predictor and predictand patterns can be used to optimally linearly specify the latter from the former. Its use (specifically the BP method) was adopted by us to address variants of the specification (i.e., simultaneous relationships) problems studied by BS (see Smith and Livezey 1998, hereafter SL, and Livezey and Smith 1998, hereafter LS2). In the course of this work it became apparent that the application of PC prefiltering
A comparison of the effects of NOAC and VKA therapy on the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are more susceptible to dementia, but the results about the effect of oral anticoagulants (OACs) on the risk of dementia are not consistent. We hypothesize that OAC is associated with a reduced risk of dementia with AF and that nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). Four databases were systematically searched until July 1, 2022. Two reviewers independently selected literature, evaluated quality, and extracted data. Data were examined using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fourteen research studies involving 910 patients were enrolled. The findings indicated that OACs were associated with a decreased risk of dementia (pooled HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.82, I2 = 87.7%), and NOACs had a stronger effect than VKAs (pooled HR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95, I2 = 72%), especially in participants with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2 (pooled HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72–0.99). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no statistical significance among patients aged <65 years old (pooled HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.64–1.07), patients in “based on treatment” studies (pooled HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06), or people with no stroke background (pooled HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.71–1.15). This analysis revealed that OACs were related to the reduction of dementia incidence in AF individuals, and NOACs were better than VKAs, remarkably in people with a CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2. The results should be confirmed by further prospective studies, particularly in patients in “based on treatment” studies aged <65 years old with a CHA2DS2VASc score < 2 or without a stroke background.
Enhancing Navigation Benchmarking and Perception Data Generation for Row-based Crops in Simulation

Service robotics is recently enhancing precision agriculture enabling many automated processes based on efficient autonomous navigation solutions. However, data generation and infield validation campaigns hinder the progress of large-scale autonomous platforms. Simulated environments and deep visual perception are spreading as successful tools to speed up the development of robust navigation with low-cost RGB-D cameras. In this context, the contribution of this work is twofold: a synthetic dataset to train deep semantic segmentation networks together with a collection of virtual scenarios for a fast evaluation of navigation algorithms. Moreover, an automatic parametric approach is developed to explore different field geometries and features. The simulation framework and the dataset have been evaluated by training a deep segmentation network on different crops and benchmarking the resulting navigation.
Algorithmics of Egalitarian versus Equitable Sequences of Committees

We study the election of sequences of committees, where in each of tau levels (e.g. modeling points in time) a committee consisting of k candidates from a common set of m candidates is selected. For each level, each of n agents (voters) may nominate one candidate whose selection would satisfy her. We are interested in committees which are good with respect to the satisfaction per day and per agent. More precisely, we look for egalitarian or equitable committee sequences. While both guarantee that at least x agents per day are satisfied, egalitarian committee sequences ensure that each agent is satisfied in at least y levels while equitable committee sequences ensure that each agent is satisfied in exactly y levels. We analyze the parameterized complexity of finding such committees for the parameters n, m, k, tau, x, and y, as well as combinations thereof.
Stabilizing ultrathin Silver (Ag) films on different substrates

This paper reports an effective method of stabilizing ultrathin Silver (Ag) films on substrates using a filler metal (Zn). Ag films with a thickness<15 nm were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering above a Zn filler metal on glass, quartz, silicon and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrates. Zinc is expected to partially or fully fill the roughness associated with the substrates. The Zn filler material and ultrathin Ag film form a 3-D augmented atomically chemically graded interface. 3-D interfaces have smoothly varying chemistry. The ability of Zn to partially or fully fill the substrate roughness improves the adhesion of Zn along with the Ag to the substrate. Also, Zn acts as a barrier layer against the diffusion of Ag into the substrate. This technique leads to ultrathin Ag films with low sheet resistance (~ 3 {\Omega}/Sq.), low mean absolute surface roughness (~1 nm), good optical transparency (~ 65 %), better stability and compatibility with the environment. The results indicate significant potential for applying stable ultrathin Ag film/electrode as a practical and economically feasible design solution for optoelectronic (transparent and conductive electrodes for solar cells and LEDs) and plasmonic devices. This film shows good conductivity, transparency, stability, and flexibility.
Identifying and Consolidating Knowledge Engineering Requirements

Knowledge engineering is the process of creating and maintaining knowledge-producing systems. Throughout the history of computer science and AI, knowledge engineering workflows have been widely used because high-quality knowledge is assumed to be crucial for reliable intelligent agents. However, the landscape of knowledge engineering has changed, presenting four challenges: unaddressed stakeholder requirements, mismatched technologies, adoption barriers for new organizations, and misalignment with software engineering practices. In this paper, we propose to address these challenges by developing a reference architecture using a mainstream software methodology. By studying the requirements of different stakeholders and eras, we identify 23 essential quality attributes for evaluating reference architectures. We assess three candidate architectures from recent literature based on these attributes. Finally, we discuss the next steps towards a comprehensive reference architecture, including prioritizing quality attributes, integrating components with complementary strengths, and supporting missing socio-technical requirements. As this endeavor requires a collaborative effort, we invite all knowledge engineering researchers and practitioners to join us.