Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compositional Blocks for Optimal Self-Healing Gradients

With the constant increase in the number of interconnected devices in today networks, and the high demand of adaptiveness, more and more computations can be designed according to self-organisation principles. In this context, a key building block for large-scale system coordination, called gradient, is used to estimate distances in a fully-distributed way: it is the basis for a vast variety of higher level patterns including information broadcast, events forecasting, distributed sensing, and so on. However, computing gradients is very problematic in mobile environments: the fastest self-healing gradient conceived so far (called BIS) achieves a reaction speed proportional to the single-path speed of information in the network. In this paper we introduce a new gradient algorithm, SVD (Stale Values Detection) gradient, which uses broadcasts to reach a reaction speed that is equal to the multi-path speed of information, namely, the fastest speed possibly achievable by network algorithms. We then combine SVD with other blocks (metric correction, smooth filtering, BIS gradient, information damping) proposing a composed block called ULT(imate) gradient. We evaluate the resulting algorithm and compare it with other approaches, showing it scores best both on accuracy and smoothness while keeping communication cost under control.
Factors affecting the perception of whole-body vibration of occupational drivers: an analysis of posture and manual materials handling and musculoskeletal disorders

Due to the high cost of conducting field measurements, questionnaires are usually preferred for the assessment of physical workloads and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study compares the physical workloads of whole-body vibration (WBV) and awkward postures by direct field measurements and self-reported data of 45 occupational drivers. Manual materials handling (MMH) and MSDs were also investigated to analyse their effect on drivers' perception. Although the measured values for WBV exposure were very similarly distributed among the drivers, the subjects' perception differed significantly. Concerning posture, subjects seemed to estimate much better when the difference in exposure was significantly large. The percentage of measured awkward trunk and head inclination were significantly higher for WBV-overestimating subjects than non-overestimators; 77 and 80% vs. 36 and 33%. Health complaints in terms of thoracic spine, cervical spine and shoulder–arm were also significantly more reported by WBV-overestimating subjects (42, 67, 50% vs. 0, 25, 13%, respectively). Although more MMH was reported by WBV-overestimating subjects, there was no statistical significance in this study. Practitioner Summary: Self-reported exposures of occupational drivers are affected by many other cofactors, and this can result in misinterpretations. A comparison between field measurement and questionnaire was used to highlight the factors affecting the perception of drivers for whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure. Posture and musculoskeletal disorders influenced the perception of the similarly WBV-exposed drivers significantly.
Fascial entrapment of the sural nerve and its clinical relevance

Sural nerve presents great topographic variability and it is responsible for sensory innervation of the posterolateral side of the distal third of the leg and lateral aspect of the foot. Entrapment of the nerve could be caused by compression due to fascial thickening, while the symptomatology includes sensory alterations and deficits at the nerve distribution area. We report a cadaveric case of a variant sural nerve that presented a distinct entrapment site. A supernumerary sensory branch was encountered originating from the common peroneal nerve, while the peroneal component of the sural nerve was observed to take a course within a fibrous fascial tunnel 3.1 cm in length that caused nerve fixation and flattening. The tension applied to the aforementioned branch was shown to worsen during passive forcible foot plantaflexion and inversion. The etiology, diagnosis and the treatment options are discussed comprehensively.
Neurodevelopmental regression and Rett syn- drome - a variant form

A four year old girl was referred due to global develop mental delay, impairment of social interaction and stereotyped inte rests. By the age of two she had language and communication regression with later stabilization. Although she had no micro cephaly, developed stereotypic hand movements with functional deterioration which made possible the molecular diagnosis of Rett syndrome. A detailed history and careful observation of neurodevelopment evolution allowed clinical and etiolo gical diagnosis of this variant form of Rett syndrome.
Mouse PDX Trial Suggests Synergy of Concurrent Inhibition of RAF and EGFR in Colorectal Cancer with BRAF or KRAS Mutations

Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor efficacy of cetuximab in combination with LSN3074753, an analog of LY3009120 and pan-RAF inhibitor in 79 colorectal cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Experimental Design: Seventy-nine well-characterized colorectal cancer PDX models were employed to conduct a single mouse per treatment group (n = 1) trial. Results: Consistent with clinical results, cetuximab was efficacious in wild-type KRAS and BRAF PDX models, with an overall response rate of 6.3% and disease control rate (DCR) of 20.3%. LSN3074753 was active in a small subset of PDX models that harbored KRAS or BRAF mutations. However, the combination treatment displayed the enhanced antitumor activity with DCR of 35.4%. Statistical analysis revealed that BRAF and KRAS mutations were the best predictors of the combinatorial activity and were significantly associated with synergistic effect with a P value of 0.01 compared with cetuximab alone. In 12 models with BRAF mutations, the combination therapy resulted in a DCR of 41.7%, whereas either monotherapy had a DCR of 8.3%. Among 44 KRAS mutation models, cetuximab or LSN3074753 monotherapy resulted in a DCR of 13.6% or 11.4%, respectively, and the combination therapy increased DCR to 34.1%. Molecular analysis suggests that EGFR activation is a potential feedback and resistant mechanism of pan-RAF inhibition. Conclusions: MAPK and EGFR pathway activations are two major molecular hallmarks of colorectal cancer. This mouse PDX trial recapitulated clinical results of cetuximab. Concurrent EGFR and RAF inhibition demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity for colorectal cancer PDX models with a KRAS or BRAF mutation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5547–60. ©2017 AACR.
Cortical activation associated with determination of depth order during transparent motion perception: A normalized integrative fMRI–MEG study

When visual patterns drifting in different directions and/or at different speeds are superimposed on the same plane, observers perceive transparent surfaces on planes of different depths. This phenomenon is known as transparent motion perception. In this study, cortical activities were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to reveal the cortical dynamics associated with determination of depth order during transparent motion perception. In addition, offline eye movement measurements were performed to determine the latencies of the start of both pursuit eye movements and depth attention that are important in determination of the depth order. MEG and fMRI data were analyzed by a normalized integrative fMRI–MEG method that enables reconstruction of time‐varying dipole moments of activated regions from MEG signals. Statistical analysis of fMRI data was performed to identify activated regions. The activated regions were used as spatial constraints for the reconstruction using the integrative fMRI–MEG method. We focused on the period between latencies (216–405 ms) determined by eye movement experiment, which are related to determination of the depth order. The results of integrative analysis revealed that significant neural activities were observed in the visual association area, the human middle temporal area, the intraparietal sulcus, the lateral occipital cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex between 216 and 405 ms. These results suggest that initial eye movement and accompanying cortical activations during focused duration play an important role in determining the depth order during transparent motion perception. Hum Brain Mapp 36:3922–3934, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: A Genetic and Clinical Review

Abstract Background: Von Hippel–Lindau Disease (VHL) is an autosomal dominant inherited systemic cancer syndrome that gives rise to cystic and highly vascularized tumors in many organs, including the eye. Recent studies have contributed to the understanding of VHL pathophysiology, genetics, and the role of the VHL protein. This article reviews recent studies on VHL clinical findings, genetics and tumorigenesis. Methods: Literature review of articles on VHL genetics with correlation to clinical findings. Results: Genotype-phenotype correlation studies show that patients with a complete deletion mutation of the VHL gene, relative to participants with a missense or protein-truncating mutation, had better visual acuity and decreased tumorigenesis incidence of retinal hemangioblastomas. It has also been documented that higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia induced factor (HIF), and ubiquitin are found in ocular hemangioblastomas. The stromal foamy vacuolated cells seem to be the true tumor cells of the disease acting on the surrounding endothelial cells in ocular hemangioblastomas. Tumor cells and ocular lesions have shown increased levels of Erythropoietin (Epo), Epo receptor (EpoR), and CD133. Also, CXCR4, a CXC chemokine receptor, is expressed in retinal VHL hemangioblastomas. Recent studies suggest that the VHL mutation alone may not be sufficient to develop VHL-associated neoplasms. Studies suggest that targeting various proteins along with anti-angiogenesis molecules may be a better therapeutic approach than targeting VEGF alone. Conclusion: Understanding of the mechanisms and genetics underlying VHL and its associated retinal hemangioblastomas has increased substantially in recent years. This knowledge suggests that future advances may include better identification of individuals at higher risk of vision loss and the development of novel individualized therapies.
County wide employment and population growth: an analysis of the 1980s.

"Regional scientists remain interested in studying interregional differences in the growth rates of population and employment. Following the earlier work of Carlino and Mills, this paper examines growth trends at the county level in the U.S. during the period 1981-1989. Five major sectors of employment are examined. A partial adjustment model is developed that captures intercounty differences in amenities, business and fiscal conditions, demography, employment structure, and relative location. Some evidence is given that population and employment growth was simultaneous, although feedback effects apparently were not strong. "
Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects

In Kumaon in northern India, villagers set hundreds of forest fires in the early 1920s, protesting the colonial British state’s regulations to protect the environment. Yet by the 1990s, they had begun to conserve their forests carefully. In his innovative historical and political study, Arun Agrawal analyzes this striking transformation. He describes and explains the emergence of environmental identities and changes in state-locality relations and shows how the two are related. In so doing, he demonstrates that scholarship on common property, political ecology, and feminist environmentalism can be combined—in an approach he calls environmentality—to better understand changes in conservation efforts. Such an understanding is relevant far beyond Kumaon: local populations in more than fifty countries are engaged in similar efforts to protect their environmental resources. Agrawal brings environment and development studies, new institutional economics, and Foucauldian theories of power and subjectivity to bear on his ethnographical and historical research. He visited nearly forty villages in Kumaon, where he assessed the state of village forests, interviewed hundreds of Kumaonis, and examined local records. Drawing on his extensive fieldwork and archival research, he shows how decentralization strategies change relations between states and localities, community decision makers and common residents, and individuals and the environment. In exploring these changes and their significance, Agrawal establishes that theories of environmental politics are enriched by attention to the interconnections between power, knowledge, institutions, and subjectivities.
THE COMPLIANCE COST OF THE U.S. INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX SYSTEM

This paper uses evidence from a survey of Minnesota taxpayers to estimate the magnitude and demographic patterns of the aggregate compliance cost to the entire country of filing federal and state individual income tax returns. It concludes that in 1982 this cost was between $17 and $27 billion, or from five to seven percent of the revenue raised by the federal and state income tax systems combined. About two billion hours of taxpayer time were spent on filing tax returns, and about $3 billion was spent on professional tax assistance.
Enactable and Enforceable: Kant’s Criteria for Right and Virtue

Abstract: Kant’s distinction between duties of right and of virtue remains controversial, for a number of reasons. A close look at the distinctions he draws and the claims that he makes suggests that a distinction between the requirements of enforceable duties of right and of unenforceable duties of virtue is neither exclusive nor exhaustive. It is not exclusive because it is possible to fulfil duties of right as a matter of principle, in which case what is done is both right and virtuous. It is not exhaustive because certain duties, among them the duty to enter a civil condition and duties of equity, are not in principle enforceable, yet are duties of right.
Bayesian Ideas and Discrete Event Simulation: Why, What and How

Bayesian methods are useful in the simulation context for several reasons. They provide a convenient and useful way to represent uncertainty about alternatives (like manufacturing system designs, service operations, or other simulation applications) in a way that quantifies uncertainty about the performance of systems, or about inputs parameters of those systems. They also can be used to improve the efficiency of discrete optimization with simulation and response surface methods. Bayesian methods work well with other decision theoretic tools, and can therefore provide a link from traditional operations-level experiments to higher-level managerial decision-making needs, in addition to improving the efficiency of computer experiments
Reliable multicast routing for software-defined networks

Current traffic engineering in SDN mostly focuses on unicast. By contrast, compared with individual unicast, multicast can effectively reduce network resources consumption to serve multiple clients jointly. Since many important applications require reliable transmissions, it is envisaged that reliable multicast plays a crucial role when an SDN operator plans to provide multicast services. However, the shortest-path tree (SPT) adopted in current Internet is not bandwidth-efficient, while the Steiner tree (ST) in Graph Theory is not designed to support reliable transmissions since the selection of recovery nodes is not examined. In this paper, therefore, we propose a new reliable multicast tree for SDN, named Recover-aware Steiner Tree (RST). The goal of RST is to minimize both tree and recovery costs, while finding an RST is very challenging. We prove that the RST problem is NP-Hard and inapproximable within k, which is the number of destination nodes. Thus, we design an approximate algorithm, called Recover Aware Edge Reduction Algorithm (RAERA), to solve the problem. The simulation results on real networks and large synthetic networks, together with the experiment on our SDN testbed with real YouTube traffic, all manifest that RST outperforms both SPT and ST. Also, the implementation of RAERA in SDN controllers shows that an RST can be returned within a few seconds and thereby is practical for SDN networks.
Linear Deterministic Accumulator Models of Simple Choice

We examine theories of simple choice as a race among evidence accumulation processes. We focus on the class of deterministic race models, which assume that the effects of fluctuations in the parameters of the accumulation processes between-choice trials (between-choice noise) dominate the effects of fluctuations occurring while making a choice (within-choice noise) in behavioral data (i.e., response times and choices). The latter deterministic approximation, when combined with the assumption that accumulation is linear, leads to a class of models that can be readily applied to simple-choice behavior because they are computationally tractable. We develop a new and mathematically simple exemplar within the class of linear deterministic models, the Lognormal race (LNR). We then examine how the LNR, and another widely applied linear deterministic model, Brown and Heathcote’s (2008) LBA, account for a range of benchmark simple-choice effects in lexical-decision task data reported by Wagenmakers et al. (2008). Our results indicate that the LNR provides an accurate description of this data. Although the LBA model provides a slightly better account, both models support similar psychological conclusions.
Lexical Classes in Montreal French: The Case of (ε:)

A perceptual study of the use of (εe:) in the Montreal French Vernacular (MFV) reveals that there is extreme variation in the vowel color used by different speakers for this phonological unit. Most men born before 1920 use a raised [e:] realization attested to by orthoepists for the last century, as well as by phoneticians in this century. Older working class women, however, often use a lowered [æ:] or [a:] nucleus. Speakers born after World War II use the more open pronunciation whatever their sex or social standing. Most older speakers use a high percentage of diphthongs in their realization of (ε:), especially in stressed syllables and in specific lexical classes, while younger middle class men and women eliminate diphthongization more consistently than older middle class speakers, and certainly more than their working class age mates. Thus, variation in vowel color and diphthongization are found to be related to a speaker's age, sex, and social standing, as well as to specific lexical classes. The results are relevant to the analysis of Canadian French phonology, as well as to the theory of lexical phonology and to sociolinguistic theories of sound change.
Summarization of news video and its description for content‐based access

A video summary abstracts the entirety with the gist without losing the essential content of the original video and also facilitates efficient content‐based access to the desired content. In this article, we propose a novel method for summarizing a news video based on multimodal analysis of the content. The proposed method exploits the closed caption (CC) data to locate semantically meaningful highlights in a news video and speech signals in an audio stream to align the CC data with the video in a time‐line. Then, the extracted highlights are described in a multilevel structure using the MPEG‐7 Summarization Description Scheme (DS). Specifically, we use the HierarchicalSummary DS that allows efficient accessing of the content through such functionalities as multilevel abstracts and navigation guidance in a hierarchical fashion. Intensive experiments with our prototypical systems are presented to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the proposed method in real applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13, 267–274, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10067
Predicting Occupation from Single Facial Images

Facial images embed age, gender, and other rich information that is implicitly related to occupation. In this work, we advocate that occupation prediction from a single facial image is a doable research direction. We first extract visual features from multiple levels of patches and describe them by locality-constrained linear coding. To avoid the curse of dimensionality and over fitting, a boost strategy called multi-feature SVM is used to integrate features. Intra-class and inter-class visual variations are jointly considered in the boosting framework to further improve performance. In the evaluation, we verify that this is a promising research topic with encouraging performance, and also discuss interesting issues from various perspectives.
Wireless Sensor Network: A Review on Data Aggregation

Data aggregation is very crucial techniques in wireless sensor network. Because with the help of data aggregation we reduce the energy consumption by eliminating redundancy. When wireless sensor network deployed in remote areas or hostile environment. In the wireless sensor network have the most challenging task is a life time so with help of data aggregation we can enhance the lifetime of the network . In this paper we discuss the data aggregation approaches based on the routing protocols, the algorithm in the wireless sensor network. And also discuss the advantages and disadvantages or various performance measures of the data aggregation in the network.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Decreases in Gastric Cancer and Its Nuclear Accumulation Suppresses Gastric Tumorigenesis

Purpose: As a cyclin-independent atypical CDK, the role of CDK5 in regulating cell proliferation in gastric cancer remains unknown. Experimental Design: Expression of CDK5 in gastric tumor and paired adjacent noncancerous tissues from 437 patients was measured by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR. The subcellular translocation of CDK5 was monitored during gastric cancer cell proliferation. The role of nuclear CDK5 in gastric cancer tumorigenic proliferation and ex vivo xenografts was explored. Furthermore, by screening for compounds in the PubChem database that disrupt CDK5 association with its nuclear export facilitator, we identified a small molecular (NS-0011) that inhibits gastric cancer cell growth. Results: CDK5 level was significantly decreased in the majority of gastric tumor tissues, and the reduction of CDK5 correlated with the severity of gastric cancer based on tumor and lymph node metastasis and patient 5-year fatality rate. Nuclear localization of CDK5 was found to be significantly decreased in tumor tissues and gastric cancer cell lines, whereas exogenously expression of nucleus-targeted CDK5 inhibited the proliferation and xenograft implantation of gastric cancer cells. Treatment with the small molecule NS-0011, which increases CDK5 accumulation in the nucleus, suppressed both cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumorigenesis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that low CDK5 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with gastric cancer, and nuclear accumulation of CDK5 inhibits the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human gastric cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1419–28. ©2015 AACR.