Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explorer ASP , Amalgamation and the Conceptual Blending Workflow

General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact openaccess@ed.ac. uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract. We present an amalgamation technique used for conceptual blending – a concept invention method that is advocated in cognitive science as a fundamental , and uniquely human engine for creative thinking. Herein, we employ the search capabilities of ASP to find commonalities among input concepts as part of the blending process, and we show how our approach fits within a generalised conceptual blending workflow. Specifically, we orchestrate ASP with imperative programming languages like Python, to query external tools for theorem proving and colimit computation. We evaluate our system with examples from various domains where creativity is important, in particular mathematics and music.
On the Influence of Start-Up Costs in Scheduling Divisible Loads on Bus Networks

Optimal distribution of divisible loads in bus networks is considered in this paper. The problem of minimizing the processing time is investigated by including all the overhead components that could penalize the performance of the system, in addition to the inherent communication and computation delays. These overheads are considered to be constant additive factors to the respective communication and computation components. Closed-form solution for the processing time is derived and the influence of overheads on the optimal processing time is analyzed. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the optimal processing time. We then study the effect of changing the load distribution sequence on the time performance. Through rigorous analysis, an optimal sequence to distribute the load among the processors is identified, whenever it exists. In case such an optimal sequence fails to exist, we present a greedy algorithm to obtain a suboptimal sequence based on some important properties of the overhead factors. Then, the effect of granularity of the data that is divisible is considered in the analysis for the case of homogeneous networks. An integer approximation algorithm capable of generating integer values of the load fractions in time O(m), where m is the number of processors in the network, is proposed. We then show that the upper bound on the suboptimal solution generated by our algorithm lies within a radius given by the sum of the computation and communication delays. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the concepts.
A Deep Learning Approach to Mid-air Gesture Interaction for Mobile Devices from Time-of-Flight Data

This contribution presents a novel approach of utilizing Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology for mid-air hand gesture recognition on mobile devices. ToF sensors are capable of providing depth data at high frame rates independent of illumination making any kind of application possible for in- and outdoor situations. This comes at the cost of precision regarding depth measurements and comparatively low lateral resolution. We present a novel feature generation technique based on a rasterization of the point clouds which realizes fixed-sized input making Deep Learning approaches applicable using Convolutional Neural Networks. In order to increase precision we introduce several methods to reduce noise and normalize the input to overcome difficulties in scaling. Backed by a large-scale database of about half a million data samples taken from different individuals our contribution shows how hand gesture recognition is realizable on commodity tablets in real-time at frame rates of up to 17Hz. A leave-one out cross-validation experiment demonstrates the feasibility of our approach with classification errors as low as 1,5% achieved persons unknown to the model.
Reactive Protocols for Aircraft Electric Power Distribution

The increasing complexity of electric power systems leads to integration and verification challenges. We consider the problem of designing a control protocol for the aircraft electric power system that meets these system requirements and reacts dynamically to changes in internal system states. We formalize these requirements by translating them into a temporal logic specification language describing the correct behaviors of the system, and apply formal methods to automatically synthesize a controller protocol that satisfies these overall properties and requirements. Through an example, we perform a design exploration to show the benefits and tradeoffs between centralized and distributed control architectures.
Th1 and Th17 Cells in Tuberculosis: Protection, Pathology, and Biomarkers

The outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection ranges from a complete pathogen clearance through asymptomatic latent infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB) disease. It is now understood that LTBI and active TB represent a continuous spectrum of states with different degrees of pathogen “activity,” host pathology, and immune reactivity. Therefore, it is important to differentiate LTBI and active TB and identify active TB stages. CD4+ T cells play critical role during Mtb infection by mediating protection, contributing to inflammation, and regulating immune response. Th1 and Th17 cells are the main effector CD4+ T cells during TB. Th1 cells have been shown to contribute to TB protection by secreting IFN-γ and activating antimycobacterial action in macrophages. Th17 induce neutrophilic inflammation, mediate tissue damage, and thus have been implicated in TB pathology. In recent years new findings have accumulated that alter our view on the role of Th1 and Th17 cells during Mtb infection. This review discusses these new results and how they can be implemented for TB diagnosis and monitoring.
HARD LEFSCHETZ THEOREM FOR NONRATIONAL POLYTOPES 3 to the advice of

The Hard Lefschetz theorem is known to hold for the intersection cohomology of the toric variety associated to a rational convex polytope. One can construct the intersection cohomology combinatorially from the polytope, hence it is well defined even for nonrational polytopes when there is no variety associated to it. We prove the Hard Lefschetz theorem for the intersection cohomology of a general polytope.
A temperament approach to humor

Due to the shortcomings in understanding humor, a state-trait model of cheerfulness, seriousness and bad mood was introduced to describe the temperamental basis of the sense of humor [1-4]. This chapter sketches the development and characteristics of the postulated state-trait model and presents its relationship to different models of the sense of humor. Literature will be reviewed that shows that trait cheerfulness accounts for most variation in existing self-report assessment tools of the sense of humor. Further, the relation of trait cheerfulness to health and well-being related variables (e.g., flourishing [5]; coping [6] and life satisfaction, [7]) will be discussed. Attention is given to experimental and correlational evidence, which shows that trait cheerfulness is positively related to adaptive coping mechanisms, positive experience and well-being. This is particularly interesting for cheerfulness interventions to fostering well-being and overcoming adversities. Finally, implications for the study of positive traits and respective interventions will be discussed.
A simple model for non-homogeneous and non-saturated IEEE 802.11 DCF infrastructure BSS

We propose a simple unified analytical model to analyze the IEEE 802.11 DCF infrastructure BSS performance in terms of MAC delay, PLR, and throughput efficiency under non-homogeneous and non-saturation conditions. Our model accounts for: (i) asymmetric traffic load between an AP and its associated STAs of an infrastructure BSS; (ii) transition from the non-saturation to saturation mode (and vice-versa) from an AP perspective; (iii) heterogeneous traffic flows between STAs; and (iv) heterogeneous wireless channel conditions between BSSs of a multi-AP hotspot scenario, all in a single unifying framework. More specifically, we integrate a Markov chain model in conjunction with a finite queueing model to analyze the QoS performance of DCF infrastructure BSS, which will be useful for capacity analysis and the design of network control mechanisms. Extensive analyses and simulations have unveiled that the improper modeling or ignorant of backoff freezing for an infrastructure BSS will result in overly conservative bounds which will lead to low network utilization when deployed as admission control, particularly, in heavy load scenarios.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF REMYELINATION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL LESION IN ADULT CAT SPINAL CORD

This report presents ultrastructural observations on the cytological events that attend myelin formation occurring in the wake of demyelination in adult cat spinal cord. Lesions were induced in subpial cord by cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) exchange (1, 2). Tissue from eleven cats at nine intervals from 19 to 460 days was fixed in situ by replacing c.s. f. with buffered OsO4 and embedded in Araldite. After demyelination, axons are embraced by sheet-like glial processes. An occasional myelin sheath is first seen at 19 days; by 64 days, all axons are at least thinly myelinated. The cytoplasm of the myelin-forming cells, unlike that of either oligodendrocyte or fibrous astrocyte in normal cord, is dense with closely packed organelles and fine fibrils. Many of the myelinogenic cells become scarring astrocytes and at 460 days the lesion teems with their fibril-filled processes. Oligodendrocytes appear in the lesion after remyelination is under way. Phagocytes disappear gradually. A myelin sheath is formed by spiral wrapping of a sheet-like glial process around an axon. Where the first turn of the spiral is completed, a mesaxon is formed. As cytoplasm is lost from the process, the plasma membrane comes together along its outer and cytoplasmic surfaces to form compact myelin. Only a small amount of cytoplasm is retained; it is confined to the paramesaxonal region and, on the sheath exterior, to a longitudinal ridge which appears in profile as a small loop. This outer loop has the same rotational orientation as the inner mesaxon. These vestiges of spiral membrane wrapping are also found in normal adult and new-born cat cord. Nodes are present in all stages of remyelination and in normal adult cat and kitten cord. These observations suggest that myelin is reformed in the lesion in the same way it is first formed during normal development. The mechanism of myelin formation is basically similar to that proposed for peripheral nerve and amphibian and mammalian optic nerve; it does not agree with present views on the mechanism of myelinogenesis in mammalian brain and cord. This is the first demonstration of remyelination in adult mammalian central nervous tissue.
Action of Halowax 1051 on Enzymes of Phase I (CYP1A1) and Phase II (SULT1A and COMT) Metabolism in the Pig Ovary

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are a group of organochlorinated compounds exhibiting dioxin-like properties. Previously published data showed the direct action of PCN-rich Halowax 1051 on ovarian follicular steroidogenesis. Taking into consideration that the observed biological effects of PCNs may be frequently side effects of metabolites generated by their detoxification, the aim of this study was to determine the activity and expression of enzymes involved in phase I (cytochrome P450, family 1 (CYP1A1)) and phase II (sulfotransferase (SULT1A) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)) detoxification metabolism. Cocultures of granulosa and theca interna cells collected from sexually mature pigs were exposed to 1 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL of Halowax 1051 for 1 to 48 hours, after which levels and activities of CYP1A1, SULT1A, and COMT were measured. Dose-dependent increases of CYP1A1 activity and expression were observed. High doses of Halowax 1051 were inhibitory to COMT and SULT1A activity and reduced their protein levels. In conclusion, fast activation of phase I enzymes with simultaneous inhibition of phase II enzymes indicates that the previously observed effect of Halowax 1051 on follicular steroidogenesis may partially result from metabolite action occurring locally in ovarian follicles.
Instance Level Transfer Learning for Cross Lingual Opinion Analysis

This paper presents two instance-level transfer learning based algorithms for cross lingual opinion analysis by transferring useful translated opinion examples from other languages as the supplementary training data for improving the opinion classifier in target language. Starting from the union of small training data in target language and large translated examples in other languages, the Transfer AdaBoost algorithm is applied to iteratively reduce the influence of low quality translated examples. Alternatively, starting only from the training data in target language, the Transfer Self-training algorithm is designed to iteratively select high quality translated examples to enrich the training data set. These two algorithms are applied to sentence- and document-level cross lingual opinion analysis tasks, respectively. The evaluations show that these algorithms effectively improve the opinion analysis by exploiting small target language training data and large cross lingual training data.
PART-BASED REPRESENTATIONS OF VISUAL SHAPE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VISUAL COGNITION

Human vision organizes object shapes in terms of parts and their spatial relationships. Converging experimental evidence suggests that parts are computed rapidly and early in visual processing. We review theories of how human vision parses shapes. In particular, we discuss the minima rule for finding part boundaries on shapes, geometric factors for creating part cuts, and a theory of part salience. We review empirical evidence that human vision parses shapes into parts, and show that parts-based representations explain various aspects of our visual cognition, including figure-ground assignment, judgments of shape similarity, memory for shapes, visual search for shapes, the perception of transparency, and the allocation of visual attention to objects. From Fragments to Objects: Segmentation and Grouping in Vision 2
Relay selection of relay-assisted Device-to-Device and uplink communication underlying cellular networks

Recently, an enormous increasing number of mobile devices have changed people's life and brought huge demands for services. D2D (Device-to-Device) communication is a brand-new fashion that allows mobile stations communicating directly with each other using existing licensed band without traversing through core network, and thereby offload traffic from base stations (BS). On the other hand, relays are indispensable to the next generations of mobile communication networks. Relays can remove the coverage holes, increase system capacity, expand the coverage area of base stations and enhance transmission rate for the devices in cell edge, and thereby it also provides uniform data rate coverage in the cellular networks. This paper proposes a model that integrates the advantages of relay and D2D and proposes a method that can improve spectrum efficiency and decrease path loss or shadow fading which makes worse communication in the system. This paper also proposes a way how to choose a better relay and it can increase the system throughput. Simulation results of uplink and D2D communication show that the proposed method can increase the system throughput.
Inhibition of Ly-6A antigen expression prevents T cell activation

Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the 5' end of the mRNA encoding the Ly-6A protein were used to block the expression of that protein. Using this approach we could inhibit the expression of Ly-6A by 60-80% in antigen-primed lymph node (LN) T cells as well as in the D10 T cell clone. Inhibition of Ly-6 expression resulted in the inability to restimulate in vitro, antigen-primed T cells. It also blocked the activation of normal spleen cells by Con A, monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD3, and mAb to Ly-6. In contrast, stimulation of normal spleen cells with the pharmacological agents PMA + ionomycin were unaffected by the inhibition of Ly-6 expression. Similar results were obtained with the D10 T cell clone; stimulation with Con A + interleukin 1 (IL-1), antigen-presenting cells (APC), or the clonotypic antibody + IL-1 was greatly reduced in the presence of antisense oligonucleotides to Ly-6. Stimulation with PMA + ionomycin was again unaffected. We also studied the effect of antisense oligonucleotides on stimulation of preactivated D10 cells. Preactivation of D10 cells with Con A + IL-1 renders them receptive to secondary stimulation by other lymphokines. In this case, antisense oligonucleotides to Ly-6 had no effect on secondary activation with IL-2, IL-4 + IL-1, or PMA + ionomycin. We conclude from these studies that Ly-6 expression is required for T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T cell activation.
La plate-forme « data.gouv.fr » ou l’open data à la française

Cet article analyse les discours d’accompagnement du projet d’open data du gouvernement francais afin d’identifier les enjeux politiques de son deploiement. Ces elements seront ensuite confrontes a une analyse fine de la plateforme dediee, www.data. gouv.fr, pour comprendre comment elle parvient a faire cohabiter les differents objectifs de l’open data. Il s’agira notamment d’interroger le recours a la notion « d’ecosysteme de la donnee » tel qu’il est encourage par la plate-forme : dans quelle mesure celle-ci permet-elle aux acteurs publics de concilier les enjeux citoyens et economiques de l’open data ?
Modeling Contextual Factors of Click Rates

In this paper, we develop and evaluate several probabilistic models of user click-through behavior that are appropriate for modeling the click-through rates of items that are presented to the user in a list. Potential applications include modeling the click-through rates of search results from a search engine, items ranked by a recommendation system, and search advertisements returned by a search engine. Our models capture contextual factors related to the presentation as well as the underlying relevance or quality of the item. We focus on two types of contextual factors for a given item; the positional context of the item and the quality of the other results. We evaluate our models on a search advertising dataset from Microsoft's Live search engine and demonstrate that modeling contextual factors improves the accuracy of click-through models.
A geometric matchi ng algori thmfor beamscanni ng

In this paper, we present a model-based object recogni ti on techni que usi ng scanl i ne i nformati on. Obj ects are scanned usi ng a smal l number of on/o(cid:11) l i ght sensors. The ti mes when the beams break and reconnect constrai n the obj ect’s i denti ty, posi ti on, and ori entati on. We study thi s type of sensor because these senso are i nexpensi ve, compact, preci se, i nsensi ti ve to ambi ent l i ght, and wel l - sui ted to manuf acturi ng envi ronments The sensor provi des sparse i nf ormati on consi sti ng of i sol ated poi nts on the obj ect’ s boundary, and does not provi de normal i nf ormati on. Conventi onal model - based matchi ng techni ques, such as the al i gnment method, take O ( n 3 ) ti me to sol ve thi s probl em. We descri be an O ( A + n ) correspondence al gori thmf or obj ects wi th convex pol ygonal si l houettes, where n i s the si l houette’ s compl exi ty, and A i s the total number of consi sten edge pai r matches f or pai rs of scanl i ne poi nts. The total number of edge pai r matches i s O ( n 2 ) i n the worst case, but typi cal l y O ( n ). Our al gori thmal so works f or non-convex obj ects, but the number of edge pai r matches i s typi cal l y somewhat l arger: O ( n 2 ), i n the worst case, O ( n 3 )
Introducing the Laplace approximation in particle filtering

The situations where particle filtering fails (so-called weight degeneracy) can be detected with the asymptotic variance of the particle approximation. However, this asymptotic variance is in general intractable, and in the case of weight degeneracy, computing it by Monte Carlo sampling is inefficient. We propose to compute the asymptotic variance of the particle approximation via the Laplace method for multidimensional integrals. We present this method, and illustrate how it can be used to improve particle filtering robustness.
Intelligent Health Recommendation System for Computer Users

The time people spend in front of computers has been increasing steadily due to the role computers play in modern society. Individuals who sit in front of computers for an extended period of time, specifically with improper postures may incur various health issues. In this work, individuals' behaviors in front of computers are studied using web cameras. By means of non-rigid face tracking system, data are analyzed to determine the 3D head pose, blink rate and yawn frequency of computer users. When combining these visual cues, a system of intelligent personal assistants for computer users is proposed.
Exercise-induced right ventricular dysfunction and structural remodelling in endurance athletes.

AIMS Endurance training may be associated with arrhythmogenic cardiac remodelling of the right ventricle (RV). We examined whether myocardial dysfunction following intense endurance exercise affects the RV more than the left ventricle (LV) and whether cumulative exposure to endurance competition influences cardiac remodelling (including fibrosis) in well-trained athletes. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty athletes were studied at baseline, immediately following an endurance race (3-11 h duration) and 1-week post-race. Evaluation included cardiac troponin (cTnI), B-type natriuretic peptide, and echocardiography [including three-dimensional volumes, ejection fraction (EF), and systolic strain rate]. Delayed gadolinium enhancement (DGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was assessed as a marker of myocardial fibrosis. Relative to baseline, RV volumes increased and all functional measures decreased post-race, whereas LV volumes reduced and function was preserved. B-type natriuretic peptide (13.1 ± 14.0 vs. 25.4 ± 21.4 ng/L, P = 0.003) and cTnI (0.01 ± .03 vs. 0.14 ± .17 μg/L, P < 0.0001) increased post-race and correlated with reductions in RVEF (r = 0.52, P = 0.001 and r = 0.49, P = 0.002, respectively), but not LVEF. Right ventricular ejection fraction decreased with increasing race duration (r = -0.501, P < 0.0001) and VO(2)max (r = -0.359, P = 0.011). Right ventricular function mostly recovered by 1 week. On CMR, DGE localized to the interventricular septum was identified in 5 of 39 athletes who had greater cumulative exercise exposure and lower RVEF (47.1 ± 5.9 vs. 51.1 ± 3.7%, P = 0.042) than those with normal CMR. CONCLUSION Intense endurance exercise causes acute dysfunction of the RV, but not the LV. Although short-term recovery appears complete, chronic structural changes and reduced RV function are evident in some of the most practiced athletes, the long-term clinical significance of which warrants further study.