Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating robust likelihoods with Monte-Carlo filters for multi-target tracking

In this paper, a dynamic multi-modal fusion scheme for tracking multiple targets with Monte-Carlo filters is presented, with the goal of achieving robustness by combining complimentary likelihoods based on color and foreground segmentation. The generality of the proposed approach allows defining the measurements on different levels (pixel-, feature- and object-space) through dynamic data fusion. We demonstrate the approach in a people tracking context, by using a multi-target MCMC particle filter.
Understanding the Architectural Characteristics of EDA Algorithms

Currently, the release of different chip products has come to a burst. Time-to-market period of these products has been shortened to an extreme, nearly 8 to 12 months. To reduce production period, hardware architects try to shorten every design and manufacture stage. Therefore, it has become one of the major concerns for them that how to accelerate electronic design automation (EDA) tools, which have been widely used throughout the lifetime of chip design and manufacture. While many prior efforts have done in-depth works on different acceleration techniques, such as IC-based, FPGA-based, or GPUbased, to our best knowledge, there has been no systematic study towards the architectural characteristics analysis for these EDA algorithms. This may impede the further optimizations and acceleration for them. In this paper, we make the first attempt to construct an EDA benchmark suite (EDAbench for short) for architectural design, parallel acceleration, and system optimization. EDAbench covers representative modern EDA algorithms. We then evaluate predominant architectural characteristics from three aspects including computation characteristics, memory hierarchy, and systematic characteristics. Experimental results reveal that there are some vital gaps between existing hardware and the requirements of EDA algorithms. Based on the analysis, we also give out some insights and propose suggestions for future optimization, acceleration, and architecture design.
Do voluntary payments to advisors improve the quality of financial advice? An experimental sender-receiver game

The market for retail financial products (e.g. investment funds or insurances) is marred by information asymmetries. Clients are not well informed about the quality of these products. They have to rely on the recommendations of advisors. Incentives of advisors and clients may not be aligned, when fees are used by financial institutions to steer advice. We experimentally investigate whether voluntary contract components can reduce the conflict of interest and increase truth telling of advisors. We compare a voluntary payment upfront, an obligatory payment upfront, a voluntary bonus afterwards, and a three-stage design with a voluntary payment upfront and a bonus after. Across treatments, there is significantly more truthful advice when both clients and advisors have opportunities to reciprocate. Within treatments, the frequency of truthful advice is significantly higher when the voluntary payment is large.
The Infrared Spectra of Very Large, Compact, Highly Symmetric, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

The mid-infrared spectra of large PAHs ranging from C54H18 to C130H28 are determined computationally using density functional theory. Trends in the band positions and intensities as a function of PAH size, charge, and geometry are discussed. Regarding the 3.3, 6.3, and 11.2 μm bands similar conclusions hold as with small PAHs. This does not hold for the other features. The larger PAH cations and anions produce bands at 7.8 μm and, as PAH sizes increases, a band near 8.5 μm becomes prominent and shifts slightly to the red. In addition, the average anion peak falls slightly to the red of the average cation peak. The similarity in behavior of the 7.8 and 8.6 μm bands with the astronomical observations suggests that they arise from large, cationic and anionic PAHs, with the specific peak position and profile reflecting the PAH cation to anion concentration ratio and relative intensities of PAH size. Hence, the broad astronomical 7.7 μm band is produced by a mixture of small and large PAH cations and anions, with small and large PAHs contributing more to the 7.6 and 7.8 μm components, respectively. For the CH out-of-plane vibrations, the duo hydrogens couple with the solo vibrations and produce bands that fall at wavelengths slightly different than their counterparts in smaller PAHs. As a consequence, previously deduced PAH structures are altered in favor of more compact and symmetric forms. In addition, the overlap between the duo and trio bands may reproduce the blue-shaded 12.8 μm profile.
1 A general theory of individuated multicellularity

Changes in gene expression are thought to regulate the differentiation process intrinsically through complex epigenetic mechanisms. In fundamental terms, however, this assumed regulation refers only to the intricate propagation of changes in gene expression or else leads to logical inconsistencies. The evolution and self-regulatory dynamics of individuated multicellularity also lack a unified and falsifiable description. To fill this gap, I computationally analyzed publicly available high-throughput data of histone H3 post-translational modifications and mRNA abundance for different Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Drosophila melanogaster cell-type/developmental-periods samples. My analysis of genomic regions adjacent to transcription start sites generated a profile from pairwise partial correlations between histone modifications controlling for the respective mRNA levels for each cell-type/developmental-period dataset. I found that these profiles, while explicitly uncorrelated to transcript abundance by construction, associate strongly with cell differentiation states. This association is not expected if cell differentiation is, in effect, regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Based on these results, I propose a falsifiable theory of individuated multicellularity, which relies on the synergistic coupling across the extracellular space of two stochastically independent “self-organizing” systems constraining histone modification states at the same sites. This theory describes how the multicellular individual—understood as an intrinsic, higher-order constraint—emerges from proliferating undifferentiated cells, and may explain the intrinsic regulation of gene transcriptional changes during cell differentiation and the evolution of individuated multicellular organisms. Abbreviations: TSS, transcription start site; ChIP-seq, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing; RNA-seq, transcriptome high-throughput sequencing; FPKM, fragments per transcript kilobase per million fragments mapped. CC-BY 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/016840 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 24, 2015;
signaling - 2 channel activity and lung fluid balance in vivo via O Nadph oxidase regulates alveolar epithelial sodium

signaling − 2 channel activity and lung fluid balance in vivo via O Nadph oxidase regulates alveolar epithelial sodium You might find this additional info useful. sodium channels to promote alveolar fluid clearance in vivo-Adrenergic agonists differentially regulate highly selective and nonselective epithelial β including high resolution figures, can be found at: Updated information and services integrative aspects of normal and abnormal function of cells and components of the respiratory system. It is published 12 times a publishes original research covering the broad scope of molecular, cellular, and
A review of partial volume correction techniques for emission tomography and their applications in neurology, cardiology and oncology

Accurate quantification in PET and SPECT requires correction for a number of physical factors, such as photon attenuation, Compton scattering and random coincidences (in PET). Another factor affecting quantification is the limited spatial resolution. While considerable effort has gone into development of routine correction techniques for the former factors, less attention has been paid to the latter. Spatial resolution-related effects, referred to as ‘partial volume effects’ (PVEs), depend not only on the characteristics of the imaging system but also on the object and activity distribution. Spatial and/or temporal variations in PVE can often be confounding factors. Partial volume correction (PVC) could in theory be achieved by some kind of inverse filtering technique, reversing the effect of the system PSF. However, these methods are limited, and usually lead to noise-amplification or image artefacts. Some form of regularization is therefore needed, and this can be achieved using information from co-registered anatomical images, such as CT or MRI. The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of PVEs and to review possible approaches for PVC. We also present a review of clinical applications of PVC within the fields of neurology, cardiology and oncology, including specific examples.
Correlation between ultrasound diagnosis and autopsy findings of fetal malformations.

OBJECTIVE to compare ultrasound (US) and autopsy findings of fetal malformations in second trimester terminations of pregnancy to evaluate the degree of agreement between US and fetal autopsy. METHODS in this study, all second trimester termination of pregnancy between 2003-2010 were considered. US and autopsy findings were compared and all cases were classified into five categories according to the degree of agreement between US and pathology (A1: full agreement between US and autopsy; A2: autopsy confirmed all US findings but revealed additional anomalies 'rarely detectable' prenatally; B: autopsy demonstrated all US findings but revealed additional anomalies 'detectable' prenatally; C: US findings were only partially demonstrated at fetal autopsy; D: total disagreement between US and autopsy). RESULTS 144 cases were selected. In 49% of cases there was total agreement between US and autopsy diagnosis (A1). In 22% of cases additional information were about anomalies 'not detectable' by US (A2). In 12% of cases autopsy provided additional information about anomalies not observed but 'detectable' by US (B). In 13% of cases some anomalies revealed at US, such as valve insufficiencies, pericardial and pleural effusions, were not verified at autopsy (C). Total lack of agreement was noted only in 4% of cases (D). Main areas of disagreement concerned cardiovascular, CNS and complex malformations. The degree of agreement was higher if malformations were diagnosed in a tertiary center. CONCLUSIONS this study shows an overall high degree of agreement between definitive US and autopsy findings in second trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal malformations. Autopsy reveals to be the best tool to diagnose malformations and often showed other abnormalities of clinical importance not detected by US, but sometimes also US could provide additional information about functional anomalies because US is a dynamic examination.
Probabilistic Approach to Provisioning Guaranteed QoS for Distributed Event Detection

It has been of significant importance to provision network-wide guaranteed QoS for a wide range of event detection applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This paper investigates solutions to this QoS provision problem. For event detection applications, there are two key performance metrics, i.e., detection probability and detection latency. This paper focuses on dual-objective QoS provision, taking both metrics into account. This is very challenging due to the stringent resource constraint of sensor nodes and unpredictable randomness of physical events. We propose a novel probabilistic approach to provisioning due-objective QoS. Following a unified framework, we design a distributed algorithm that determines the active probability of every sensor node. The probability is minimized while being sufficient for QoS provision. Our approach is flexible and supports different requirements that may be posed by different applications. Theoretical analysis and comprehensive simulation experiments have been conducted, which jointly demonstrate that our approach is able to deliver guaranteed QoS for distributed event detection while prolonging the system lifetime significantly compared with other alternative schemes.
Bargaining Over the Fair Trade-Off Between Secrecy and Throughput in OFDM Communications

The problem of ensuring the secrecy of a communication while simultaneously maintaining sufficient throughput is a fundamental challenge facing secret communication. One of the challenges for such problems is that the optimal solution for one of objective might be not optimal for the other (e.g., an increase in secrecy might yield a decrease in throughput). Thus, there is a need for finding a trade-off solution for these objectives. In this paper, we consider a two-step approach to solve such problems and illustrate it for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-style communications. In the first step, we use the α-fairness criteria for formulating the tradeoff between objectives. A generalized water-filling equation for this tradeoff problem is solved. This equation includes, as a limit case, the classical case for secret communication with secrecy capacity as payoff. In the second step, we aim to find the best α-fair strategy, and show that Jain's fairness can potentially lead to an unbalanced tradeoff between the two objectives. We arrive at a more balanced tradeoff by means of bargaining over the continuum of α-fair solutions. Both the Nash and Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solutions for fulfillment of both objectives are found, and the algorithms for finding the bargaining solutions are derived.
Effective Mining of Weighted Fuzzy Association Rules

A novel approach is presented for effectively mining weighted fuzzy association rules (ARs). The authors address the issue of invalidation of downward closure property (DCP) in weighted association rule mining where each item is assigned a weight according to its significance wrt some user defined criteria. Most works on weighted association rule mining do not address the downward closure property while some make assumptions to validate the property. This chapter generalizes the weighted association rule mining problem with binary and fuzzy attributes with weighted settings. Their methodology follows an Apriori approach but employs T-tree data structure to improve efficiency of counting itemsets. The authors’ approach avoids pre and post processing as opposed to most weighted association rule mining algorithms, thus eliminating the extra steps during rules generation. The chapter presents experimental results on both synthetic and real-data sets and a discussion on evaluating the proposed approach.
Parallel and non-parallel morphological divergence among foraging specialists in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)

Parallel phenotypic evolution occurs when independent populations evolve similar traits in response to similar selective regimes. However, populations inhabiting similar environments also frequently show some phenotypic differences that result from non-parallel evolution. In this study, we quantified the relative importance of parallel evolution to similar foraging regimes and non-parallel lake-specific effects on morphological variation in European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). We found evidence for both lake-specific morphological characteristics and parallel morphological divergence between whitefish specializing in feeding on profundal and littoral resources in three separate lakes. Foraging specialists expressed similar phenotypes in different lakes in both overall body shape and selected measured morphological traits. The morphology of the two whitefish specialists resembled that predicted from other fish species, supporting the conclusion of an adaptive significance of the observed morphological characteristics. Our results indicate that divergent natural selection resulting from foraging specialization is driving and/or maintaining the observed parallel morphological divergence. Whitefish in this study may represent an early stage of divergence towards the evolution of specialized morphs.
Integrating DBpedia and SentiWordNet for a tourism recommender system

The popularity of the social web introduces opportunities for the recommender systems, whilst new challenges arise when semantic knowledge is integrated in the landscape. The large amount of opinions available from Web 2.0 are exploited here to improve recommendation techniques in a semantic context. The developed recommendation system matches the crawled opinions against tourist objectives within the DBpedia ontology. Following a natural language processing step in Gate, several metrics are employed to build a recommendation plan, and formal justification is provided in case of need.
Block-Row Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on SIMD Machines

The irregular nature of the data structures required to efficiently store arbitrary sparse matrices and the architectural constraints of a SIMD computer make it difficult to design an algorithm that can efficiently multiply an arbitrary sparse matrix by a vector. A new ‘‘block-row’’ algorithm is proposed. It allows the ‘‘regularity’’ of a data structure with a row-major mapping to be varied by changing a parameter (the ‘‘blocksize’’); a heuristic to find a very good approximation of the optimal blocksize is also described. The block-row algorithm has been implemented on a 16,384 processor MasPar MP-1, and, for the matrices studied, the algorithm was found to be faster than any of the other algorithms considered.
The Rise and Downward Trend of the Natural Rate

The natural unemployment rate seems to have taken a wild ride. As late as 1970 the natural rate is thought to have been still low, perhaps 5.5 percent. Then unemployment rose in the mid-1970's, dipped, and rose again in the early 1980's. The impression formed that beneath this movement was a major rise of the natural rate--to about 6.5 percent at mid-decade in some estimates. Now the American unemployment rate has been back around its early-1970's level for two years without rising inflation. Many experts infer that the natural rate is likewise back to its early 1970's level. These developments raise tough questions. If the natural rate really is near its 1970 level again, was the earlier rise real? If so, were its causes transitory? Their effects transient? If not for the most part, why the recent fall of the natural rate? Why at the same time is unemployment within every education group still elevated?
Analytical Solution for Compressible Gas Flow Inside a Two-Dimensional Poiseuille Flow in Microchannels with Constant Heat Flux Including the Creeping Effect

To achieve reliable solutions, today’s numerical and experimental activities need developing more accurate methods and utilizing expensive facilities, respectfully in microchannels. The analytical study can be considered as an alternative approach to alleviate the preceding difficulties. Among the analytical solutions, those with high robustness and low complexities are certainly more attractive. The perturbation theory has been used by many researchers to analyze microflows. In present work, a compressible microflow with constant heat flux boundary condition is analyzed. The flow is assumed to be fully developed and steady. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are also assumed to be very small. For this case, the creeping phenomenon may have some effect on the velocity profile. To achieve robustness solution it is assumed that the flow is quasi-isothermal. In this study, the creeping term which appears in the slip boundary condition is formulated by different mathematical formulas. The difference between this work and the previous ones is that the creeping term is taken into account and presented in non-dimensionalized form. The results obtained from perturbation theory are presented based on four non-dimensionalized parameters including the Reynolds, Mach, Prandtl and Brinkman numbers. The axial velocity, normal velocity and pressure profiles are obtained. Solutions for velocities and pressure for two cases with different Br numbers are compared with each other and the results show that the effect of creeping phenomenon on the velocity profile becomes more important when Br number is less than O(ǫ). Keywords—Creeping Effect, Microflow, Slip, Perturbation. I. NOMENCLATURE Br Brinkman number, Eq. (3) Kn Knudsen number, Eq. (3) Pr Prandtl number M Mach number, Eq. (3) Re Reynolds number, Eq. (3) H,L microchannel height and length T temperature u, ν velocity γ specific heat ratio ǫ height to length ratio, Eq. (3) σν momentum accommodation coefficient λ mean free path μ gas viscosity ρ density Amir Reza Ghahremani is with the School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, email: ar gh 1364@yahoo.com Salman SafariMohsenabad is with the School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, email: salman.safari@yahoo.com Mohammad Behshad Shafii is with the School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, email: behshad@sharif.edu A. Subscripts i, o averaged inlet and outlet property w wall property B. Superscript − nondimensional property
Integrating Loop and Data Transformations for Global Optimization

This paper is concerned with integrating global data transformations and local loop transformations in order to minimize overhead on distributed shared memory machines such as the SGi Origin 2000. By first developing an extended algebraic transformation framework, a new technique to allow the static application of global data transformations, such as partitioning, to reshaped arrays is presented, eliminating the need for expensive temporary copies and hence eliminating any communication and synchronization. In addition, by integrating loop and data transformations, poor spatial locality and expensive array subscripts that may have been introduced can be eliminated. A specific optimization algorithm is derived and applied to well-known benchmarks, where it is shown to give a significant improvement in execution time over existing approaches.
Antagonistic HLH/bHLH Transcription Factors Mediate Brassinosteroid Regulation of Cell Elongation and Plant Development in Rice and Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

In rice (Oryza sativa), brassinosteroids (BRs) induce cell elongation at the adaxial side of the lamina joint to promote leaf bending. We identified a rice mutant (ili1-D) showing an increased lamina inclination phenotype similar to that caused by BR treatment. The ili1-D mutant overexpresses an HLH protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana Paclobutrazol Resistance1 (PRE1) and the human Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins. Overexpression and RNA interference suppression of ILI1 increase and reduce, respectively, rice laminar inclination, confirming a positive role of ILI1 in leaf bending. ILI1 and PRE1 interact with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein IBH1 (ILI1 binding bHLH), whose overexpression causes erect leaf in rice and dwarfism in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of ILI1 or PRE1 increases cell elongation and suppresses dwarf phenotypes caused by overexpression of IBH1 in Arabidopsis. Thus, ILI1 and PRE1 may inactivate inhibitory bHLH transcription factors through heterodimerization. BR increases the RNA levels of ILI1 and PRE1 but represses IBH1 through the transcription factor BZR1. The spatial and temporal expression patterns support roles of ILI1 in laminar joint bending and PRE1/At IBH1 in the transition from growth of young organs to growth arrest. These results demonstrate a conserved mechanism of BR regulation of plant development through a pair of antagonizing HLH/bHLH transcription factors that act downstream of BZR1 in Arabidopsis and rice.