Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A FLEXIBLE HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR FAST ACCESS TO LARGE NON-VOLATILE MEMORIES

For distributed systems, the ability to accurately monitor the bus traffic is required in order to enable fault removal and fault forecasting for system verification, enhancement and evaluation. Typically, modern communication systems have high data throughput, and monitoring the bus for hours produces large amounts of data at high rates. In the expected operating environment of the monitoring tool, non-volatile memories are often mandatory as data storage. The required frequent access to these memories, however, results in high processor load. To that aim, this paper presents an approach that illustrates the improvements that can be achieved when several memory access functionalities are transferred from software to hardware. To quantify the results, the different approaches implemented in an FPGA were subjected to an experimental evaluation.
Revealing Less Derived Nature of Cartilaginous Fish Genomes with Their Evolutionary Time Scale Inferred with Nuclear Genes

Cartilaginous fishes, divided into Holocephali (chimaeras) and Elasmoblanchii (sharks, rays and skates), occupy a key phylogenetic position among extant vertebrates in reconstructing their evolutionary processes. Their accurate evolutionary time scale is indispensable for better understanding of the relationship between phenotypic and molecular evolution of cartilaginous fishes. However, our current knowledge on the time scale of cartilaginous fish evolution largely relies on estimates using mitochondrial DNA sequences. In this study, making the best use of the still partial, but large-scale sequencing data of cartilaginous fish species, we estimate the divergence times between the major cartilaginous fish lineages employing nuclear genes. By rigorous orthology assessment based on available genomic and transcriptomic sequence resources for cartilaginous fishes, we selected 20 protein-coding genes in the nuclear genome, spanning 2973 amino acid residues. Our analysis based on the Bayesian inference resulted in the mean divergence time of 421 Ma, the late Silurian, for the Holocephali-Elasmobranchii split, and 306 Ma, the late Carboniferous, for the split between sharks and rays/skates. By applying these results and other documented divergence times, we measured the relative evolutionary rate of the Hox A cluster sequences in the cartilaginous fish lineages, which resulted in a lower substitution rate with a factor of at least 2.4 in comparison to tetrapod lineages. The obtained time scale enables mapping phenotypic and molecular changes in a quantitative framework. It is of great interest to corroborate the less derived nature of cartilaginous fish at the molecular level as a genome-wide phenomenon.
ESOPs and employee attitudes

This paper examines how management approaches to employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) implementation affects such employee work‐related attitudes as job satisfaction, ESOP satisfaction, and job involvement. Structural‐equation modeling assesses the responses of 321 airline pilots who were employed by one of three major US‐based airlines. The results indicated positive linkages between the instrumentally and extrinsically satisfying aspects of employee ownership and ESOP satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job involvement.
Expansion of FasL-Expressing CD5+ B Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Patients

Fas ligand drives insulitis in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and negatively regulates IL-10-producing (IL-10pos) CD5+ B cells in pancreata. Relevance of these phenomena to the human disease is poorly understood. Here, using splenocytes from T1D, autoantibody (Ab+), and non-diabetic (ND) human subjects, we show that a subpopulation of CD5+ B cells that is characterized by expression of FasL (FasLhiCD5+) was significantly elevated in T1D subjects, many of whom had significantly reduced frequency of IL-10posCD5+ B cells compared to Ab+ subjects. The majority of FasLhiCD5+ B cells did not produce cytokines and were more highly resistant to activation-induced cell death than their IL-10posCD5+ counterparts. These results associate expansion of FasL-expressing CD5+ B cells with T1D and lay the groundwork for future mechanistic studies to understand specific role in disease pathogenesis.
Return Properties of Equity REITs, Common Stocks, and Commercial Real Estate: A Comparison

Most previous studies of REIT-securitized real estate examine the performance of REITs versus only common stocks. In addition, previous studies have focused on the mean and standard deviation of returns, while this study also examines skewness, kurtosis, and conducts several tests of normality for the returns. The time series properties of the returns are also examined by calculating the autocorrelation function for each of the series. Finally, this study extends the results of Giliberto concerning the intertemporal relationship between REIT returns and real estate returns by examining a vector autoregressive model in which returns on pairs of assets are modeled as a linear function of lags of their own returns and lags of the returns on the other asset in the pair. Granger causality tests are also performed to determine if an asset's returns Granger cause the returns on the other asset. In the distributional and time series sense, equity REIT returns appear to be much more like those on common stocks and closed-end funds than those on unsecuritized real estate. Intertemporally, REIT returns are much more strongly related to unsecuritized real estate than stocks or closed-end funds. The equity REIT index returns were found to Granger cause unsecuritized real estate returns for most of the real estate indices. Results were somewhat mixed for the individual REITs.
A delayed input DFA optimized algorithm of bounding default path

To improve the storage space of finite automata on regular expression matching, the paper researches the main idea of the delayed input DFA algorithm based on bounding default path, and analyses the algorithm problem when bounding small length default path. Then we propose optimized algorithm based on weight first principle and node first principle and assess them on the actual rule set, the results show that the optimized algorithm could effectively improve the compression ratio when the default path is bounded small.
Classical thermodynamic approach to void nucleation in irradiated materials

Abstract One of the major problems in building a future fusion power station is the development of suitable structural materials. These materials will be exposed to high energy neutron bombardment, with consequent changes in their mechanical properties – embrittlement, hardening and swelling, for example. A missing link in modelling these effects is an effective treatment of the nucleation of voids under irradiation. These voids are initially stabilised by transmutation helium but, once formed, grow by vacancy accumulation. In this paper, a quasi-chemical model is developed to calculate the entropy of a steel/helium system. Although a substantial contribution from quasi-chemical effects might be expected, the steady state concentrations of dissolved helium are found to be too low for such effects to manifest. The steady state concentration of dissolved helium is low in absolute terms, but the resulting supersaturation is very high, making it reasonable to assume that all available nucleation sites are instantaneously activated.
An Analysis of UK Drug Policy

Despite the long-standing political prominence of the problem, relatively coherent strategies and substantial investment, the United Kingdom remains at the top of the European ladder for drug use and drug dependence. This study by Professor Peter Reuter of the University of Maryland, USA, and Alex Stevens of the University of Kent, England, assesses the evidence relating to the UK drug problem and analyses the impact of current policies.
Multi-party protocols

Many different types of inter-process communication have been examined from a complexity point of view [SP, Y]. We study a new model, in which a collection of processes P0, . , Pk−1 that share information about a set of integers {a0, . ,ak−1}, communicate to determine a 0-1 predicate of the numbers. In this new model, tremendous sharing of information is allowed, while no single party is given enough information to determine the predicate on its own. Formally, each Pi has access to every aj except for ai. For simplicity, we only allow the parties to communicate as follows.
Opting for partnership : governance innovations in Southeast Asia

Opting for Partnership: Governance Innovations in southeast Asia is about how and why a group of people with diverse interests and backgrounds chose to align themselves to address development issues in their communities. It introduces discusses and analyzes an institutional process crafted by this group called a public interest partnership (PIP). The book argues that effective PIPs promote improved accountability predictability transparency and participation which in turn translate to desirable development outcomes. Comprising six case studies which illustrate the concept of partnership and demonstrate the evolving roles and relationships of government business and civil society actors this book is divided into eight chapters. The introductory chapter provides a rationale for studying partnership and outlines the five driving questions about partnership through which the case studies were documented and analyzed. This is followed by six case chapters each telling the story of the new partnership which was created to address a public problem. The concluding chapter weaves together key insights from the six cases by highlighting common motivators barriers dynamics and the impact of these PIPs.
The Economics of Migrants' Remittances

This chapter reviews the recent theoretical and empirical economic literature on migrants' remittances. It is divided between a microeconomic section on the determinants of remittances and a macroeconomic section on their growth effects. At the micro level we first present in a fully harmonized framework the various motivations to remit described so far in the literature. We show that models based on different motives share many common predictions, making it difficult to implement truly discriminative tests in the absence of sufficiently detailed data on migrants and receiving households' characteristics and on the timing of remittances. The results from selected empirical studies show that a mixture of individualistic and familial motives explains the likelihood and size of remittances. At the macro level we first briefly review the standard (Keynesian) and the trade-theoretic literature on the short-run impact of remittances. We then use an endogenous growth framework to describe the growth potential of remittances and present the evidence for different growth channels. We then explore the relationship between remittances and inequality. This relationship appears to be non-monotonic. This is consistent with different theoretical arguments regarding the role of migration networks and/or the dynamics of wealth transmission between successive generations.
EGF receptor signalling protects smooth-cuticle cells from apoptosis during Drosophila ventral epidermis development

Patterning of the Drosophila ventral epidermis is a tractable model for understanding the role of signalling pathways in development. Interplay between Wingless and EGFR signalling determines the segmentally repeated pattern of alternating denticle belts and smooth cuticle: spitz group genes, which encode factors that stimulate EGFR signalling, induce the denticle fate, while Wingless signalling antagonizes the effect of EGFR signalling, allowing cells to adopt the smooth-cuticle fate. Medial fusion of denticle belts is also a hallmark of spitz group genes, yet its underlying cause is unknown. We have studied this phenotype and discovered a new function for EGFR signalling in epidermal patterning. Smooth-cuticle cells, which are receiving Wingless signalling, are nevertheless dependent on EGFR signalling for survival. Reducing EGFR signalling results in apoptosis of smooth-cuticle cells between stages 12 and 14, bringing adjacent denticle regions together to result in denticle belt fusions by stage 15. Multiple factors stimulate EGFR signalling to promote smooth-cuticle cell survival: in addition to the spitz group genes, Rhomboid-3/roughoid, but not Rhomboid-2 or -4, and the neuregulin-like ligand Vein also function in survival signalling. Pointed mutants display the lowest frequency of fusions, suggesting that EGFR signalling may inhibit apoptosis primarily at the post-translational level. All ventral epidermal cells therefore require some level of EGFR signalling; high levels specify the denticle fate, while lower levels maintain smooth-cuticle cell survival. This strategy might guard against developmental errors, and may be conserved in mammalian epidermal patterning.
Data reuse analysis of local stereo matching

External memory bandwidth and internal memory size have been major bottlenecks in designing VLSI architecture for real-time stereo matching hardware because of large amount of pixel data and disparity range. To address these bottlenecks, this work explores the impact of data reuse on disparity-order and pixel-order along with the partial column reuse (PCR) and vertically expanded row reuse (VERR) techniques we proposed. The analysis suggest that a disparity-order reuse with both PCR and VERR techniques is suitable for low memory cost and low external bandwidth design, whereas the pixel-order reuse with both techniques is more suitable for low computation resource requirement.
Impact and Cost of the HIV/AIDS National Strategic Plan for Mozambique, 2015-2019—Projections with the Spectrum/Goals Model

Introduction Mozambique continues to face a severe HIV epidemic and high cost for its control, largely born by international donors. We assessed feasible targets, likely impact and costs for the 2015–2019 national strategic HIV/AIDS plan (NSP). Methods The HIV epidemic and response was modelled in the Spectrum/Goals/Resource Needs dynamical simulation model, separately for North/Center/South regions, fitted to antenatal clinic surveillance data, household and key risk group surveys, program statistics, and financial records. Intervention targets were defined in collaboration with the National AIDS Council, Ministry of Health, technical partners and implementing NGOs, considering existing commitments. Results Implementing the NSP to meet existing coverage targets would reduce annual new infections among all ages from 105,000 in 2014 to 78,000 in 2019, and reduce annual HIV/AIDS-related deaths from 80,000 to 56,000. Additional scale-up of prevention interventions targeting high-risk groups, with improved patient retention on ART, could further reduce burden to 65,000 new infections and 51,000 HIV-related deaths in 2019. Program cost would increase from US$ 273 million in 2014, to US$ 433 million in 2019 for ‘Current targets’, or US$ 495 million in 2019 for ‘Accelerated scale-up’. The ‘Accelerated scale-up’ would lower cost per infection averted, due to an enhanced focus on behavioural prevention for high-risk groups. Cost and mortality impact are driven by ART, which accounts for 53% of resource needs in 2019. Infections averted are driven by scale-up of interventions targeting sex work (North, rising epidemic) and voluntary male circumcision (Center & South, generalized epidemics). Conclusion The NSP could aim to reduce annual new HIV infections and deaths by 2019 by 30% and 40%, respectively, from 2014 levels. Achieving incidence and mortality reductions corresponding to UNAIDS’ ‘Fast track’ targets will require increased ART coverage and additional behavioural prevention targeting key risk groups.
EGFR endocytosis is a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer with wild-type EGFR

Oncogenic alterations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are frequently observed in lung cancer patients with worse differentiation and poor prognosis. However, the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is currently limited in selected patients with EGFR mutations. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanism that contributes to cell viability and the response of gefitinib, one of the EGFR-TKIs, in lung cancer models with wide-type EGFR (wtEGFR). Interestingly, we found that EGF-induced EGFR endocytosis is existed differently between gefitinib-sensitive and -insensitive lung cancer cell lines. Suppressing EGFR endocytos decreased cell viability and increased apoptotic cell death in gefitinib-insensitive lung cancer with wtEGFR in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that Rab25 was differentially expressed in between gefitinib-sensitive and -insensitive lung cancer cells. Rab25 knockdown caused the changed EGFR endocytosis and reverted the gefitinib response in gefitinib-sensitive lung cancer with wtEGFR in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel insight that EGFR endocytosis is a rational therapeutic target in lung cancer with wtEGFR, in which the combined efficacy with gefitinib is expected. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Rab25 plays an important role in EGFR endocytosis and gefitinib therapy.
The Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate in a Jordanian Healthy Adult Population

Background Early diagnosis of xerostomia is very important for oral health. The purpose of this study was to determine the unstimulated whole salivary flow rates (UWSFR) in a Jordanian Arab population aged 15 years and older. The effect of age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, and dental conditions, on UWSFR was also investigated. Methods The study was conducted on 244 subjects, 110 males and 134 females, with an average age of 33 ± 15.5 years. They were healthy, unmedicated, and with no history of dry mouth. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected during five minutes, and UWSFRs (ml/min) were determined. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis. Results The mean UWSFR was 0.46 ± 0.25 ml/min (range: 0.10-1.6 ml/min). Eighteen patients (7.4%) had UWSFR between < 0.20 ml/min. In univariate analysis, UWSFR was significantly affected by age, BMI, number of missing and restored teeth, and DMFT score. Regression analysis revealed that only age and number of missing teeth were of significance in explaining the variability of the UWSFR. Conclusions We established basic standard values of UWSFR to be used in the evaluation of Jordanian patients with complaints of xerostomia and to be compared to data reported in other studies. UWSFR 0.1 ml/min could be considered the cut-off value that distinguishes normal from abnormal salivary function in this healthy unmedicated population. Keywords Whole saliva flow rate; Unstimulated; Jordan
Visual programming with graph rewriting systems

The multi-paradigm language PROGRES is the first rule-oriented visual language which has a well-defined type concept and supports programming with graph rewriting systems. To some extent, it has the flavor of a visual database programming language with powerful pattern matching and replacing facilities as well as backtracking capabilities. Until now, it was mainly used for specifying and rapid prototyping of abstract data types in software engineering environments. An integrated set of language-specific tools supports intertwined editing, analyzing, browsing, and debugging of specifications as well as generating prototypes in C (Modula-2) with Tcl/Tk-based user interfaces.
Health Insurance and the Wage Gap

Estimates of labor market inequality usually focus only on wages, even though fringes account for almost one-third of total compensation. Using data from the Current Population Survey, I analyze coverage by own-employer health insurance coverage among full-time workers for women versus men, blacks versus whites and Hispanics versus whites. I find significant gaps in coverage for each of these groups. About two-thirds of the gap for blacks or Hispanics is explained by differences in observable characteristics (primarily education and occupation). The gap for women is not explained by controlling for observables. Looking over the 20 year period from 1980 to 2000, I find that the adjusted gap in own-employer coverage for women has been relatively flat over this period and is consistently much smaller than the male/female wage gap (about half as large), so that measuring inequality in wages plus health insurance would result in a smaller estimate of male/female compensation inequality than measuring wages alone. The same is generally true for blacks although their health insurance gap is much closer in magnitude to their wage gap. For Hispanics, the health insurance gap is nearly identical to the wage gap and both are increasing over time.
Vertical and Horizontal Education-Job Mismatches in the Korean Youth Labor Market : A Quantile Regression Approach

In an analysis based on a cohort of Korean college graduates, there was a positive relationship between over-education and horizontal mismatches, and in a subsequent regression analysis disregarding horizontal education-job mismatches (over-education), the wage penalty for over-education (horizontal mismatches) was overestimated. Low-ability groups showed significant overestimation, ranging from 8.3% to 89.5%. According to the quantile regression results, the level of wage penalties for over-education and horizontal mismatches varied according to the workeri¯s ability. The relative importance of these penalties varied according to the workeri¯s ability and gender. Specifically, the wage penalty for horizontal mismatches exceeded that for over-education for low-ability male workers, whereas the wage penalty for over-education exceeded that for horizontal mismatches for female workers regardless of their ability.
Numerical Simulations of Negative-Index Nanocomposites and Backward-Wave Photonic Microdevices

Optical and nonlinear-optical properties of negativeindex nanocomposite as well as the feasibility of a design of novel photonic microdevices and all-optical data processing chips are numerically simulated. Keywords—Numerical simulation, nano materials and nanostructures, negative-index metamaterials, nanophotonics, nano and micro devices, all-optical switches, optical frequency narrow-band filters, optical parametric amplifiers and cavityless oscillators.