Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embelin Reduces Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis through Limiting IL-6/STAT3 Signaling

The interleukin-6 (IL-6)/STAT3 signaling regulates survival and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Embelin is a small molecule inhibitor of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. We previously showed that embelin inhibits the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro, and effectively suppresses 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice. Here, we explored the antitumor effects and mechanisms of embelin on colitis-associated cancer (CAC) using the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model, with a particular focus on whether embelin exerts its effect through the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. We found that embelin significantly reduced incidence and tumor size in CAC-bearing mice. In addition to inhibiting proliferation of tumor epithelial cells, embelin suppressed colonic IL-6 expression and secretion, and subsequently STAT3 activation in vivo. Importantly, in vitro studies have revealed that in colon cancer cells, embelin diminished both the constitutive and IL-6–induced STAT3 activation by stimulating Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) activity. Moreover, embelin protected mice from AOM/DSS-induced colitis before tumor development. Embelin decreased IL-1β, IL-17a, and IL-23a expression as well as the number of CD4+ T cells and macrophages infiltrating the colonic tissues. Thus, our findings demonstrated that embelin suppresses CAC tumorigenesis, and its antitumor effect is partly mediated by limiting IL-6/STAT3 activation and Th17 immune response. Embelin may be a potential agent in the prevention and treatment of CAC. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1206–16. ©2014 AACR.
Real-time Object Detection by Road Plane Segmentation Technique for ADAS

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are used for assisting the drivers by providing advice and warnings when necessary. CTA (Cross Traffic Alert) systems are a subset of ADAS used for detecting objects (viz., cars, trucks, pedestrians, static objects etc) by using one or more moving cameras, mounted on a vehicle. Usually, CTA systems can detect moving objects within region of interest (ROI). These systems have limitations in detecting static objects present in the RoI and often they fail to detect the objects in shadow regions. Moreover, such systems sometimes detect shadows as the objects. This paper presents a histogram back-projection based road-plane segmentation technique. Histogram back-projections' are applied on saturation and value channels of the video, to detect moving and non moving objects in the ROI. Robustness to the shadow is achieved by applying a logical operation on the back-projections of the saturation and the value channels of the video. Effectiveness of the technique is evaluated by applying the technique on several videos, captured under different scenarios, and by measuring true negatives and false positives for the objects. The technique is suitable for real time applications and can be employed in automatic back-up assistance during the host vehicle parking, blind spot detection, pedestrian detection, and other camera applications for the detection of the objects.
Alteraciones genéticas de la mucosa oral hacia la transformación maligna

espanolEl carcinoma oral de celulas escamosas (COCE) es una neoplasia de gran relevancia internacional en la literatura actual, principalmente por su aumento de incidencia, diagnostico tardio y baja tasa de supervivencia de los pacientes a los cinco anos en comparacion con otros tipos de tumores. Siendo un cancer de facil acceso al diagnostico clinico, se enfrenta a limitaciones en la prevencion, por la subjetividad del diagnostico histologico de la displasia epitelial oral y el tratamiento, es importante desarrollar nuevas estrategias para mejorar la situacion actual. La transformacion de celulas normales en celulas cancerosas es un proceso evolutivo en el que las mutaciones somaticas responsables de esta transformacion podrian representar objetivos terapeuticos actualmente desconocidos. Por lo tanto, para entender mejor el desarrollo y progresion del COCE, el estudio de base genetica es crucial para ampliar el conocimiento de las posibles aberraciones geneticas que pueden estar asociadas con esta condicion. Este es un articulo de revision que propone analizar y discutir los cambios geneticos epiteliales de la mucosa oral durante la etapa de malignizacion, incorporando nuevas estrategias de investigacion con base genetica. EnglishOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a neoplasm with international relevance in the current literature, mainly because of its increased incidence, late diagnosis and low survival rate of patients at five years of age compared to other types of tumors. Being a cancer with an easy access to clinical diagnosis, faces limitations in preventing, by the subjectivity of the histological diagnosis of oral epithelial dysplasia and treatment, it is important to develop new strategies to improve the current situation. The transformation of normal cells to cancerous cells is an evolutionary process, in which somatic mutations responsible for this transformation could represent therapeutic targets currently unknown. Therefore, to better understand the development and progression of OSCC, study of the genetic basis is crucial to expand the knowledge of the possible genetic aberrations that may be associated with this condition. This is a review article that proposes to analyze and discuss the epithelial genetic changes of the oral mucosa during the stage of malignization, incorporating new research strategies based on genetics.
Distribution of various subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in India: a study of 2773 lymphomas using R.E.A.L. and WHO Classifications.

INTRODUCTION The distribution of the major subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) differs across geographic regions. This is the first study from India that has incorporated immunophenotypic findings while investigating the distribution of NHL subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS All cases diagnosed as NHL between January 1995 and June 1998 in the Department of Pathology and in the Lymphoma Registry, Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, were selected for the study. The cases were reviewed by three pathologists and diagnostic problems were discussed by a panel of pathologists with a special interest in lymph node pathology. Of a total of 2831 cases, the diagnosis of NHL was accepted in 2773 cases. RESULTS B-cell lymphomas formed 79.1% of the NHLs, whereas T-cell lymphomas formed 16.2% of the total. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (34% of all NHLs). Follicular centre-cell lymphomas, B-cell small lymphocytic lymphoma, mantle-cell lymphoma, and marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (including MALT lymphomas) amounted to 12.6%, 5.7%, 3.4%, and 8.2%, respectively. Among the T-cell lymphomas, T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, anaplastic large-cell lymphomas of T/null-cell type, and other nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas accounted for 6%, 4.3%, and 2.9% of all cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of NHL subtypes in India shows important differences with those from the rest of the world. Follicular lymphoma and mantle-cell lymphoma are less common in India compared to Europe and the USA. Peripheral T-cell lymphomas and T/NK-cell lymphomas of nasal and nasal types, which are common in many other Asian countries, are also less prevalent. T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and anaplastic large T/null cell lymphoma are more prevalent in India.
Diffusion Parameters of Flows in Stable Queueing Networks

We consider open multi-class queueing networks with general arrival processes, general processing time sequences and Bernoulli routing. The network is assumed to be operating under an arbitrary work-conserving scheduling policy that makes the system stable. An example is a generalized Jackson network with load less than unity and any work conserving policy. We find a simple diffusion limit for the inter-queue flows with an explicit computable expression for the covariance matrix. Specifically, we present a simple computable expression for the asymptotic variance of arrivals (or departures) of each of the individual queues and each of the flows in the network.
AMP‐activated protein kinase inhibits Kv1.5 channel currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes in response to hypoxia and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation

Progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is thought to be due, in part, to suppression of voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle by hypoxia, although the precise molecular mechanisms have been unclear. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been proposed to couple inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism by hypoxia to acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Inhibition of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain activated AMPK and inhibited Kv1.5 channels in pulmonary arterial myocytes. AMPK activation by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside, A769662 or C13 attenuated Kv1.5 currents in pulmonary arterial myocytes, and this effect was non‐additive with respect to Kv1.5 inhibition by hypoxia and mitochondrial poisons. Recombinant AMPK phosphorylated recombinant human Kv1.5 channels in cell‐free assays, and inhibited K+ currents when introduced into HEK 293 cells stably expressing Kv1.5. These results suggest that AMPK is the primary mediator of reductions in Kv1.5 channels following inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation during hypoxia and by mitochondrial poisons.
Word Sense Disambiguation in a Korean-to-Japanese MT System Using Neural Networks

This paper presents a method to resolve word sense ambiguity in a Korean-to-Japanese machine translation system using neural networks. The execution of our neural network model is based on the concept codes of a thesaurus. Most previous word sense disambiguation approaches based on neural networks have limitations due to their huge feature set size. By contrast, we reduce the number of features of the network to a practical size by using concept codes as features rather than the lexical words themselves.
Mixed vs central venous oxygen saturation may be not numerically equal, but both are still clinically useful.

and related disciplines; and to provide interesting and valuable content to members of the American College of Chest Physicians and to CHEST readers and subscribers. A new " face " of CHEST heralds a new era. M ixed venous oxygen saturation (Sv ៮o 2) in sepsis is commonly referred to as an end point of low impact on clinical decisions in sepsis patients because of the following common refrain: " Sv ៮o 2 is always increased in septic ICU patients. " However, there are fundamental principles that render this modality clinically useful when applying it to the supply-dependent phase of sepsis (ie, global tissue hypoxia). The presence of global tissue hypoxia not only has pathologic significance in vitro, 1 but there is a pathologic link among the clinical presence of global tissue hypoxia (ie, low Sv ៮o 2 and cardiac index), the generation of inflammatory mediators, and mi-tochondrial impairment of oxygen utilization that is seen in septic ICU patients. 2 Furthermore, identifying sudden episodes of supply dependency in septic ICU patients (ie, sudden decreases in Sv ៮o 2) has diagnostic and prognostic significance. 3 With this background, the rationale for using central venous oxygen (Scvo 2) saturation as a surrogate for Sv ៮o 2 to detect and treat global tissue hypoxia in the most proximal phase of sepsis management (supply dependency) was the basis for its use in the Early Goal Directed Therapy in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Study (EGDT). 4 Early hemodynamic assessment using physical examination , vital signs, 5 central venous pressure, 6 and urinary output 7 fails to detect supply dependency or persistent global tissue hypoxia. Shock patients who are resuscitated to having normal vital signs continue to exhibit evidence of global tissue hypoxia (Scvo 2 Ͻ 70% and increased lactate levels) and require additional resuscitation, as shown by Rady et al. 6 Similar findings were confirmed in the EGDT study as 39.8% of the control group vs 5% of the EGDT group continued to have global tissue hypoxia after 6 h of resuscitation despite the fact that all patients attained the same vital sign goals (ie, MAP, Ͼ 65 mm Hg; CVP, Ͼ 8 mm Hg; urine output, 0.5 mL/kg/h). These findings of global tissue hypoxia, or " cryptic shock, " in patients 8 have prognostic significance as this state was associated with a 56.5% in-hospital mortality rate. The therapeutic significance was realized as the …
Enhancing agricultural sustainability and productivity under changing climate conditions through improved agroforestry practices in smallholder farming systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

Fighting climate change and its nefarious effects is at the forefront of the United Nations’ SDGs, agenda 2030. This comes at a time when the global climate is changing rapidly owing to increasing concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere resulting principally from fossil fuel combustion and agricultural lands taking the place of tropical forests. Climate change threatens human existence in general and the livelihood of smallholder farmers in particular in the 21st century. Research shows that the developing world has about 500 million small-scale farms, with almost two billion people implicated, a majority of them in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where small-scale farms produce about 80% of the food consumed. Hence, smallholder farmers will bear the greatest brunt of predicted changes in climatic patterns owing to their limited adaptive capacity. Small-scale farmers being appallingly vulnerable, easily succumb to climate-induced extreme weather events, thus threatening food security. It is therefore within this backdrop that the necessity to document and promote climate-smart, sustainable, productive and low cost agricultural practices becomes incumbent. Agroforestry is one of the few existing practices that contribute simultaneously to agricultural sustainability enhancement as well as improved farm productivity owing to its ability to provide many ecosystem services. There are currently very few existing agricultural practices where sustainable agricultural goals can be attained through simultaneous enhancement of agro-ecosystem diversity and farm productivity as in agroforestry systems. Today, few studies have looked into the contribution of agroforestry to beefing up agricultural sustainability and productivity in the context of climate change. This review paper therefore sought to research on what has been done so far as well as look into the way forward with focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: Climate change, agroforestry practices, agricultural sustainability, agricultural productivity, sub-Saharan Africa
Isolation and Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting Antagonistic Bacteria from Cotton and Sugarcane Plants for Suppression of Phytopathogenic Fusarium Species

Background Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) may be utilized to augment plant growth and suppress the plant pathogens. Objective: The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize the antagonistic bacteria indigenous to cotton and sugarcane rhizosphere in Pakistan, and to evaluate their ability to suppress phytopathogenic Fusarium spp. Out of 63 isolates 37 different morphotypes were studied for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium monoliformae, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. Among these 31 strains showed the percentage suppression ranging from 40 to 66% against Fusarium spp. Objectives The antagonistic bacteria having antifungal activity were studied for different morphological and physiological characteristics using Gram staining and light microscopy. Most of them were Gram negative and tentatively identified as Pseudomonas spp. The selected strains were screened in vitro for plant growth regulation and antifungal traits. Material and Methods Our study included 1000 premature CAD patients that classified into two groups with history of MI (n = 461) and without of MI (n = 539). The polymorphism variants in 10% of samples were determined by PCR-RFLP technique and genotyping of the polymorphism in all subjects was conducted by High Resolution Melting method. Given the two conditions of patients residing in Tehran and also faced with their first episode of MI, 640 out of 1000 study samples that had been previously followed-up were assessed in a retrospective cohort phase regarding long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results Four bacterial strains were able to produce the chitinase enzyme while four other bacterial strains showed protease production. Ten strains were positive for HCN production. Out of 37, eight strains showed phosphate solubilization ranging from 13 to 24 µg/ml. eighteen strains produced indole acetic acid ranging from 5 to 19 µg/ml. Conclusions This study identified specific traits in the isolated rhizobacteria which make them good candidates as PGPR and might contribute to enhance growth of crop plants. This information is of general interest and also helpful for devising strategies to manage diseases caused by Fusarium in cotton and sugarcane.
AN ENHANCED DETECTION AND ENERGY- EFFICIENT EN-ROUTE FILTERING SCHEME IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), due to their small size, low cost, and untethered communication over a short-range, have great potential for applications and services. Due to hostile environments and an unattended nature, they are prone to many types of attacks by adversaries. False data injection attacks compromise data accuracy at the sink node and cause undesirable energy depletion at the sink and intermediate nodes. In order to detect and counter false data attacks, a number of en-route filtering schemes have been proposed. However, they lack a strong false report detection capacity or cannot support network dynamics well. Commutative cipher-based en-route filtering (CCEF) is based on fixed paths, and a fixed detection probability, and does not consider the residual energy of a node. In an enhanced detectioncapacity and energy-efficient en-route filtering (EDEF) scheme, we use a fuzzy logic system which considers the residual energy, false traffic ratio (FTR), and number of message authentication codes (MACs) in a report to evaluate the fitness of a node to be a verification node. This helps to balance network energy usage and reduce the number of hops a false report may travel. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of our scheme with increased energy-efficiency (4.55 to 13.92%) and detection power (99.95%) against false report attacks in WSNs.
FDG‐PET as a Prognostic Indicator in Radiochemotherapy of Glioblastoma

Objective We perormed a prospective cohort study in a homogeneous patient group with proven glioblastoma who received uniform therapy to determine the prognostic value and clinical correlates of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET at different stages of the disease. Materials and Methods Fifteen newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma, aged 529 years and with Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of at least 50, were treated with surgical resection, chemotherapy (nimustine), and radiother apy. They were followed prospectively for 2 years. Clinical data (e.g., tumor progression, performance status, and survival) were recorded and glucose metabolism was measured with PET and FDG before and during radiochemotherapy. Results Median survival of all patients was 13 months and four patients were alive 24 months after surgery. All tumors were hypermetabolic compared with normal white matter. A metabolic index was calculated as the ratio of maximum residual tumor metabolism to contralateral normal brain metabolism. It was of prognostic value for patient survival and tumor recurrence already in the first postoperative and all following PET studies and was correlated with the KPS. Reduction of contralateral brain metabolism was more closely related to prognosis than the tumor metabolism proper. Conclusion These results underscore the prognostic relevance of metabolically active residual tumor tissue after surgical resection.
10 Adult Subventricular Zone and Olfactory Bulb Neurogenesis

In the adult mammalian brain, new neurons are added to the olfactory bulb (OB) throughout life. In rodents, the adult germinal region for OB neurogenesis is the subventricular zone (SVZ), a layer of cells found along the walls of the brain lateral ventricles (for review, see Alvarez-Buylla and Garcia-Verdugo 2002). Neuroblasts born in the SVZ migrate a relatively long distance into the OB where they then disperse radially and differentiate into interneurons. Most of these new OB neurons integrate into functional circuits (Belluzzi et al. 2003; Carleton et al. 2003), and about half survive long-term (Petreanu and Alvarez-Buylla 2002). SVZ cell proliferation is lifelong (Kuhn et al. 1996; Goldman et al. 1997; Molofsky et al. 2006), with thousands of new neurons generated daily for the mouse OB (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla 1994). The adult SVZ is also the birthplace of oligodendrocytes in both normal and diseased brain (Nait-Oumesmar et al. 1999; Picard-Riera et al. 2002; Menn et al. 2006; Parent et al. 2006). This profound level of continuous neurogenesis and concomitant oligodendrogliogenesis argues for the existence of a self-renewing multipotent precursor cell—or, neural stem cell (NSC)—within the SVZ. The SVZ-OB system is an attractive model in which to study neurogenesis and neuronal replacement as it includes the basic processes of NSC maintenance, progenitor cell-fate specification, migration, differentiation, and survival/death of newly born neurons. The enduring quality and stable cytoarchitecture of adult SVZ-OB neurogenesis may make these complex biological processes experimentally more tractable in comparison to studies of embryonic brain.
Performance of multispecies assessment models: insights on the influence of diet data

Multispecies stock assessment models require predator diet data, e.g. stomach samples. Diet data can be unavailable, sparse, of small sample size, or very noisy. It is unclear if multispecies interactions can be estimated without bias when interactions are weak. Research is needed about how model performance is affected by the availability or quality of diet data and by the method for fitting it. We developed seven age-structured operating models that simulate trophic interactions for two fish species and different scenarios of diet data availability or quality. The simulated data sets were fitted using four statistical catch-at-age models that estimated fishing, predation and residual natural mortality and differed in the way the diet data was fitted. Fitting the models to diet data averaged over time should be avoided since it resulted in estimation bias. Fitting annual diet composition per stomach produced bias estimates due to the occurrence of zeros in the observed proportions and the statistical assumptions for the diet model. Fitting to annual stomach proportions averaged across stomachs led to unbiased results even if the number of stomachs was small, the interactions were weak or some sampled years and ages were missing. These methods should be preferred when fitting multispecies models.