Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of the association among impaired executive functioning, childhood attentional problems, and the development of bipolar disorder

Studies of adults who have been diagnosed with, and treated for, bipolar disorder have shown that these patients exhibit impairment on measures of executive functioning. However, it is unclear whether executive dysfunction precedes the diagnosis of bipolar illness, or develops subsequent to its onset. Moreover, investigators have failed to control for the effects of premorbid attentional problems on cognitive performance in these patients. The present authors explored these questions using data from a longitudinal prospective study of individuals at risk for major mood disorder. Results revealed that 67% of participants who met criteria for bipolar disorder in young adulthood showed impairment on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) when they were assessed during adolescence, as compared with 17% of individuals with no major mood diagnosis, and 19% with unipolar depression. This association between performance on the WCST and bipolar illness was not accounted for by high rates of premorbid attentional disturbance. In fact, among participants with early attentional problems, only those who ultimately developed bipolar disorder exhibited impairment on the WCST. Early attentional problems that preceded unipolar depression or no mood disorder were not associated with executive dysfunction.The findings presented in this paper come from the doctoral dissertation of the first author, which was funded by an NIMH Intramural Research Training Award. The authors are enormously grateful to Roger E. Meyer for his comments on earlier drafts of this paper and to Anne Mayfield, without whom this project would not have been possible. We are deeply indebted to Ann S. Masten, W. Andrew Collins, L. Alan Sroufe, Monica Luciana, and Carrie Borchardt, who provided invaluable guidance throughout all stages of this project, as well as Robert Asarnow, who was an important mentor during the review process. In addition, we acknowledge the contributions of Gail Inoff–Germain, who administered diagnostic interviews and neuropsychological measures at adolescent follow-up; Rula B. Garside, who undertook the painstaking job of establishing interrater reliability; Erika Sundstrom, who devoted many hours to data organization and quality assurance; and Sara Avery Torvik and Patricia Kasdan, whose combined gifts of organization and warmth created a comfortable atmosphere for study participants. Finally, we thank the extraordinary research participants of the NIMH Childrearing Study, who have shown enormous bravery and dedication by sharing with us 23 years of their lives.
How the Lower Face Soft Tissue Changes After Mandibular Advancement or Setback

To contribute as an auxiliary tool for orthodontic and orthognathic planning and treatment, short-term changes on the lower face soft and hard tissues were investigated. All subjects presented adequate maxillary relation with the cranial base. The treatment was done by mandibular advancement in patients with skeletal class II or setback in skeletal class III, by the same oral surgeon, using the same technique, and rigid internal fixation. Lateral cephalograms were traced at the following intervals: T0-immediately before the surgical procedure, T1-6 months after surgery, and T2-1 year after surgery. The postoperative data of the lower face revealed highly significant changes for the soft tissue pogonion and lower lip, in the mandible advancement cases, whereas the underlying bone and dental structures remained constant. For the mandible setback cases, just the hard tissue pogonion variable displayed a statistically significant change.
Co-Production, Interdependence and Publicness: Extending public service-dominant logic

Abstract This article argues that while the idea of public service-dominant logic (PSDL) has much to offer, there remains room to extend it. First, the article fine-tunes the argument that co-production is unavoidable in services management, by categorizing the different things co-producers provide and analysing their interdependencies. Second, it seeks to account for collectively consumed public value, which is neglected in PSDL. Third, it recognizes that far from ‘delighting’ customers, many public services entail applying the coercive authority of the state to those with whom they deal. The article proposes a reconceptualization of the notion of ‘client focus’.
Malignant infantile osteopetrosis: otolaryngological complications and management.

OBJECTIVES To inform otolaryngologists about upper airway obstruction requiring tracheotomy and other otolaryngological manifestations of malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) and to discuss pathophysiological features, management, and new treatment strategies in MIOP. DESIGN Ongoing case series combined with a retrospective chart review. SETTING International tertiary pediatric hospital. INTERVENTIONS Patients with MIOP were initially referred for treatment and routine follow-up. Tracheotomy was performed to manage obstructive sleep apnea. Audiograms were also performed at regular intervals. RESULTS The records of 9 patients were examined. The otolaryngological findings of hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea (sometimes requiring tracheotomy), otitis media, and chronic osteomyelitis with facial fistulas were identified. CONCLUSIONS Osteopetrosis is a rare condition caused by a failure of the osteoclast to resorb bone. This results in thickened dense, deformed, and easily fractured bone. As a result, growth failure, anemia, hypoplastic dentition, chronic infections, facial fistulas, blindness, hearing loss, nasal congestion, and upper airway obstruction may occur. The management of otolaryngological problems in a child with osteopetrosis is an important component in comprehensive care. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest case series of MIOP in the otolaryngology literature.
Why Young People Do Not Kill Themselves: The Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents

Assessed the reliability, validity, and predictive power of a new measure, the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents (RFL-A; Osman et al., 1998). A group of 206 (101 boys and 105 girls) adolescent psychiatric inpatients completed the RFL-A, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory for Adolescents (Butcher et al., 1992), and a packet of self-report measures. Additional information about the patients including diagnosis and suicide status were obtained from their medical records. It was determined that the RFL-A is a valid and reliable measure of adolescent suicide risk potential. Additionally, the RFL-A possesses better predictive power than the Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974). A discussion of the clinical and research utility of the RFL-A is included along with suggestions for future research.
Can Long-Term Alopecia Occur After Appropriate Pulsed-Dye Laser Therapy in Hair-Bearing Sites? Pediatric Dermatologists Weigh In

BACKGROUND The risk of long-term alopecia after pulsed-dye laser (PDL) therapy is unknown. To identify how many practitioners treat hair-bearing sites with PDL and how commonly long-term alopecia occurs, the authors queried pediatric dermatologists about their experiences using this modality. METHODS A survey was designed to evaluate the frequency of and factors contributing to long-term alopecia after PDL treatment of port-wine stains (PWS). “Long-term” was defined as no sign of hair regrowth after several years of nontreatment. The survey was administered to attendees at the 2014 Society for Pediatric Dermatology biannual meeting. RESULTS Sixty-four pediatric dermatologists completed the survey, 50 of whom had experience using PDL. Of these physicians, 86% have used PDL to treat PWS of the eyebrow and 80% have treated PWS of the scalp. Over one-quarter of respondents (25.5%) using PDL on hair-bearing areas had at least 1 of their patients develop long-term alopecia after PDL treatment. The incidence of long-term alopecia after PDL treatment in the surveyed population was 1.5% to 2.6%. CONCLUSION The occurrence of long-term alopecia at hair-bearing sites after treatment with PDL may be greater than previously thought. Because the majority of physicians using PDL treat hair-bearing areas, prospective studies are needed to more accurately determine the risk of long-term alopecia and the factors that contribute to it.
Traction/braking control design for high speed trains based on force estimation- an more implementable approach

As adhesion coefficient of high speed train (HST) varies with wheel-rail surface condition and running speed, it is thus rather difficult to obtain its accurate value via online measurement, making it non-trivial to design and implement traction/braking control scheme for HST. In this paper, force observers are developed to estimate the adhesion force and the resistance, respectively. Traction/braking control is then designed by making use of the estimated adhesion force and resistance with consideration of actual wheel-rail adhesion condition. The proposed controller is more implementable as compared with most existing methods. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified via simulation.
Decreased infection-related mortality and improved survival in severe aplastic anemia in the past two decades.

BACKGROUND Persistent neutropenia associated with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is an important risk factor for development of life-threatening infections. Earlier studies underscored the high mortality associated with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in SAA. However, little is known about the current patterns of infections and the impact of advances in anti-infective therapy on survival in SAA. METHODS We reviewed the records of 174 patients with SAA admitted to the Hematology Branch at NHLBI from 1989 to 2008 who were unresponsive to initial immunosuppressive therapy (IST) at 6 months. Three patient groups determined by IST protocol and time interval were compared: group 1 (43 patients; December 1989-October 1996), group 2 (51 patients; November 1996-October 2002), and group 3 (80 patients; November 2002-April 2008). Outcome variables included infections, patterns of resistance, survival, and infection-related mortality. RESULTS During the past 2 decades, infection-related mortality decreased from 37% in group 1 to 11% in group 3 (P < .001), and the frequency of IFIs decreased from 49% in group 1 to 8% in group 3 (P < .001). Overall 5-year survival for all patients (n = 420) increased from 64% in group 1 to 79% in group 3 (P < .001). Among non-responders (n = 174), it increased from 23% in group 1 to 57% in group 3 (P < .001). In multivariate analysis, younger age, absolute neutrophil count > 200 cells/μL before IST, absence of IFIs, and use of voriconazole were independently predictive of survival. CONCLUSION During the past 2 decades, there has been a significant decrease in IFIs, infection-related mortality, and overall mortality in patients with SAA unresponsive to initial IST.
Complications of Guillain-Barré syndrome

ABSTRACT Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated disorder in the peripheral nervous system with a wide spectrum of complications. A good understanding of the complications of GBS assists clinicians to recognize and manage the complications properly thereby reducing the mortality and morbidity of GBS patients. Herein, we systemically review the literature on complications of GBS, including short-term complications and long-term complications. We summarize the frequency, severity, clinical manifestations, managements and possible mechanisms of different kinds of complications, and point out the flaws of current studies as well as demonstrate the further investigations needed.
Validation of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire in the Juvenile Idiopathic Myopathies

Objective . To examine the validity of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) in patients with juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Methods. One hundred fifteen patients were enrolled in a multicenter collaborative study, during which subjects were assessed twice, 7–9 months apart. Physical function was measured using the CHAQ. Internal reliability was assessed using adjusted item-total correlations and item endorsement rates. Construct validity was assessed by comparing predicted and actual correlations of the CHAQ with other measures of physical function and disease activity. Responsiveness was assessed by calculating effect size (ES) and standardized response mean (SRM) in a group of a priori defined “improvers. ” Results . Item-total correlations were high (r s range = 0.35–0.81), suggesting all items were related to overall physical function. Manual muscle testing and the Childhood Myositis Assessment Scale correlated moderate to strongly with the CHAQ (r s = –0.64 and –0.75, both p < 0.001). Moderate correlations were also seen with the physician global assessment of disease activity (r s = 0.58, p < 0.001), parent global assessment of overall health (r s = –0.65, p < 0.001), Steinbrocker function class (r s = 0.69, p < 0.001), and global skin activity (r s = 0.40, p < 0.001), while global disease damage and skin damage had low correlations (r s = 0.13 and 0.07, p ≥ 0.17). Responsiveness of the CHAQ was high, with ES = 1.05 and SRM = 1.20. Conclusion . In this large cohort of patients with juvenile IIM, the CHAQ exhibited internal reliability, construct validity, and strong responsiveness. We conclude that the CHAQ is a valid measure of physical function in juvenile IIM, appropriate for use in therapeutic trials, and potentially in the clinical care of these patients. (J Rheumatol 2001;28:1106–11) as described by 15 . We defined a group of “improvers” as the population having > 3 cm improvement in the physician global assessment of disease activity. This was the primary analysis, but the analysis was repeated using a smaller improve- ment of 1 cm, which was felt to reflect the minimum difference that would be clinically relevant. For comparison, the analysis was also repeated for those subjects who failed to meet the 3 cm and 1 cm criteria for improvement. We chose absolute criteria for improvement because in general, the cohort was relatively mildly affected. If a relative criterion had been used (e.g., 30% improvement), this would have included subjects with clinically insignificant changes. The ES was calculated as the mean change divided by the standard deviation (SD) of the baseline scores. The SRM was calculated as the mean change divided by the SD of the individual change scores. As described by Cohen 16 , a large ES was 0.8, moderate was 0.5, and small was 0.2. After Beaton 17 , similar values were used for the SRM.
Quality stability and sensory attributes of apple juice processed by thermosonication, pulsed electric field and thermal processing

Worldwide, apple juice is the second most popular juice, after orange juice. It is susceptible to enzymatic browning spoilage by polyphenoloxidase, an endogenous enzyme. In this study, Royal Gala apple juice was treated by thermosonication (TS: 1.3 W/mL, 58 ℃, 10 min), pulsed electric field (PEF: 24.8 kV/cm, 60 pulses, 169 µs treatment time, 53.8 ℃) and heat (75 ℃, 20 min) and stored at 3.0 ℃ and 20.0 ℃ for 30 days. A sensory analysis was carried out after processing. The polyphenoloxidase activity, antioxidant activity and total color difference of the apple juice were determined before and after processing and during storage. The sensory analysis revealed that thermosonication and pulsed electric field juices tasted differently from the thermally treated juice. Apart from the pulsed electric field apple juice stored at room temperature, the processed juice was stable during storage, since the pH and soluble solids remained constant and fermentation was not observed. Polyphenoloxidase did not reactivate during storage. Along storage, the juices’ antioxidant activity decreased and total color difference increased (up to 6.8). While the antioxidant activity increased from 86 to 103% with thermosonication and was retained after pulsed electric field, thermal processing reduced it to 67%. The processing increased the total color difference slightly. No differences in the total color difference of the juices processed by the three methods were registered after storage. Thermosonication and pulsed electric field could possibly be a better alternative to thermal preservation of apple juice, but refrigerated storage is recommended for pulsed electric field apple juice.
Central-Tapped Node Linked Modular Fault-Tolerance Topology for SRM Applications

Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions while switched reluctance motor (SRM) is one of the promising motor for such applications. This paper presents a novel SRM fault-diagnosis and fault-tolerance operation solution. Based on the traditional asymmetric half-bridge topology for the SRM driving, the central tapped winding of the SRM in modular half-bridge configuration are introduced to provide fault-diagnosis and fault-tolerance functions, which are set idle in normal conditions. The fault diagnosis can be achieved by detecting the characteristic of the excitation and demagnetization currents. An SRM fault-tolerance operation strategy is also realized by the proposed topology, which compensates for the missing phase torque under the open-circuit fault, and reduces the unbalanced phase current under the short-circuit fault due to the uncontrolled faulty phase. Furthermore, the current sensor placement strategy is also discussed to give two placement methods for low cost or modular structure. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink and experiments on a 750-W SRM validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, which may have significant implications and improve the reliability of EVs/HEVs.
Efficiency optimization in a wave energy hyperbaric converter

This paper considers the problem of optimizing the efficiency of the primary conversion on an ocean wave energy hyperbaric converter. This wave energy converter (WEC) is an oscillating-body linked to a hyperbaric chamber. By solving the equation of motion of the power take-off mechanism, it is shown that optimal conditions for improving the absorbed power relate the buoy parameters and the chamber pressure with the incident waves. This work also proposes an algorithm for finding the best time interval that the body remains locked when latching control strategy is used to enhance the efficiency of the WEC. Numerical simulations are presented in order to evaluate the optimum conditions of the hyperbaric WEC and the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Increased Levels of Serum-Specific Immunoglobulin E to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A and B in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchial Asthma

Background: The association between staphylococcal enterotoxins and atopic dermatitis (AD) is well characterized. We aim to evaluate the association between sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and/or B (SEB) and the development of allergic airway disease. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-four patients were grouped into allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or bronchial asthma (BA) only, AD only and AR/BA+AD. The AR/BA only group was further divided into AR only, AR and airway hyperresponsiveness (AR+AHR) and BA. The allergen-specific and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies were determined by the CAP system. The associations of sensitization to SEA/SEB with allergic airway disease were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall rate of sensitization to SEA/SEB was 25.7%, whereas the rate of the AD only group (45.5%) was significantly higher than that of the AR/BA only group (24.5%, χ2 = 8.1). After sensitization to SEA/SEB, the geometric mean total IgE levels were significantly elevated in patients with AR+AHR and BA, but not in those with AR only. BA patients had higher geometric mean values of SEA- and SEB-specific IgE than AR only and AR+AHR patients. Logistic regression revealed that AR/BA only was more associated with sensitization to SEA/SEB (odds ratio 6.57) than AD only and AR/BA+AD (odds ratio 2.44 and 1.72). Conclusions: Atopic status after sensitization to SEA/SEB was more closely associated with BA than with other airway allergy, implying that SEA/SEB may play a role in exacerbating airway allergy and increasing the risk of allergic airway disease. Our study suggests that staphylococcal enterotoxins play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease as well as AD.
The (Ever) Incomplete Story of Economic and Monetary Union

This article applies the governance typology used in this special issue to the evolution of euro area governance. The article begins with a description of Economic and Monetary Union’s original governance structure, with third order governance (shared norms) present in varying degrees in monetary, financial and fiscal governance. While a shared consensus on the importance of an independent central bank to pursue price stability allowed for the creation of the European Central Bank, euro area governance was otherwise limited to the coordination of national policies. Since the crisis, shifting norms (third order governance) allowed for the creation of new bodies (e.g. the European Stability Mechanism and the Single Supervisory Mechanism) and the expansion of the powers of existing institutions (particularly the ECB). In areas where no normative changes occurred (fiscal and economic policy coordination), second order governance has been marked by incremental changes to existing institutions. The degree to which economic governance has become more hierarchical depends both on the strength of third order governance norms and the preferences of large states like Germany either to retain their own sovereignty or create additional rules that bind member states.
Optimisation of an electroporation device for mash

Electroporation is a new way for the mash treatment in the course of the vinification process. To investigate the characteristics of this method in 2003 a mobile electroporation device for mash treatment has been built. In 2007 some improvements on this device have been performed in order to solve problems with blocking of the mash and tripping of the residual current protective device (RCD). A re-design of the piping system for the mash including the electroporation reactor and the method of pressure regulation became necessary. As a reason for tripping of the RCD pulse currents in the ground system caused by a switching process could be identified. A delayed switching of a group of devices reduced the energy of this pulse current below the sensitivity threshold of the RCD. The experiments performed during the wine campaign 2007 showed the success of the modifications. The paper describes the implementation of the mentioned measures into the electroporation device.
Exploring young children's performance on and acceptance of an educational scenario-based digital game for teaching route-planning strategies: a case study

Researchers suggest that game-based learning (GBL) can be used to facilitate mathematics learning. However, empirical GBL research that targets young children is still limited. The purposes of the study is to develop a scenario-based digital game to promote children's route-planning ability, to empirically explore children's learning performance in route planning through the game, and to probe children's technology acceptance of the game. A total of 71 children participated in the study, and both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used, including an interview analysis as well as performance and content analyses of learners’ route-planning tasks. The findings showed that the game had a positive effect on children's learning of route-planning strategies, that children's route-planning strategies were improved with the support of the game, and that children demonstrated high technology acceptance toward the game. This study may be of importance in offering insight into children's GBL.