Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Medication Use before, during, and after Pregnancy among Women with Eating Disorders: A Study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study

Introduction Little is known about medication use among women with eating disorders in relation to pregnancy. Aims To explore patterns of and associations between use of psychotropic, gastrointestinal and analgesic medications and eating disorders in the period before, during and after pregnancy. Method This study is based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A total of 62,019 women, enrolled at approximately 17 weeks' gestation, had valid data from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry and completed three MoBa questionnaires. The questionnaires provided diagnostic information on broadly defined anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED) and recurrent self-induced purging in the absence of binge eating (EDNOS-P), along with self-reported use of medication six months before, during, and 0–6 months after pregnancy. Results The prevalence of eating disorder subtypes before and/or during pregnancy was: 0.09% AN (n = 54), 0.94% BN (n = 585), 0.10% EDNOS-P (n = 61) and 5.00% BED (n = 3104). The highest over-time prevalence of psychotropic use was within the AN (3.7–22.2%) and EDNOS-P (3.3–9.8%) groups. Compared to controls, BN was directly associated with incident use of psychotropics in pregnancy (adjusted RR: 2.25, 99% CI: 1.17–4.32). Having AN (adjusted RR: 5.11, 99% CI: 1.53–17.01) or EDNOS-P (adjusted RR: 6.77, 99% CI: 1.41–32.53) was directly associated with use of anxiolytics/sedatives postpartum. The estimates of use of analgesics (BED) and laxatives (all eating disorders subtypes) were high at all time periods investigated. Conclusions Use of psychotropic, gastrointestinal, and analgesic medications is extensive among women with eating disorders in the period around pregnancy. Female patients with eating disorders should receive evidence-based counseling about the risk of medication exposure versus the risk of untreated psychiatric illness during pregnancy and postpartum.
A Novel Association Rule Algorithm to Discover Maximal Frequent Item Set

Association Rule mining is a sub-discipline of data mining. Apriori algorithm is one of the most popular association rule mining technique. Apriori technique has a disadvantage that before generating a maximal frequent set it generates all possible proper subsets of maximal set. Therefore it is very slow as it requires many database scans before generating a maximal frequent itemset In the method proposed in this paper entire database is scanned only once. Frequency count of all distinct transactions is stored in a hash map. Algorithm maintains an array of tables such that each table in the array contain frequency count of all potential k-itemsets.Binary search and the concept of longest common subsequence are used to efficiently extract maximal frequent itemset. Experimental results show that proposed algorithm performs better than apriori algorithm.
U.S. adolescent alcohol use by race/ethnicity: Consumption and perceived need to reduce/stop use

ABSTRACT Understanding racial/ethnic drinking patterns and service provision preferences is critical for deciding how best to use limited alcohol prevention, intervention, and treatment resources. We used nationally representative data from 150,727 U.S. high school seniors from 2005 to 2016 to examine differences in a range of alcohol use behaviors and the felt need to reduce or stop alcohol use based on detailed racial/ethnic categories, both before and after controlling for key risk/protective factors. Native students reported particularly high use but corresponding high felt need to reduce/stop use. White and dual-endorsement students reported high use but low felt need to stop/reduce alcohol use.
Records of medical malpractice litigation: a potential indicator of health-care quality in China

Abstract Objective To assess the characteristics and incidence of medical litigation in China and the potential usefulness of the records of such litigation as an indicator of health-care quality. Methods We investigated 13 620 cases of medical malpractice litigation that ended between 2010 and 2015 and were reported to China’s Supreme Court. We categorized each case according to location of the court, the year the litigation ended, the medical specialization involved, the severity of the reported injury, the type of allegation raised by the plaintiff – including any alleged shortcomings in the health care received – and the outcome of the litigation. Findings The annual incidence of medical malpractice litigation increased from 75 in 2010 to 6947 in 2014. Most cases related to general surgery (1350 litigations), internal medicine (3500 litigations), obstetrics and gynaecology (1251 litigations) and orthopaedics (1283 litigations). Most of the reported injuries were either minor (1358 injuries) or fatal (4111 deaths). The most frequent allegation was of lack of consent or notification (1356 litigations), followed by misdiagnosis (1172 litigations), delay in treatment (1145 litigations) and alteration or forgery of medical records (975 litigations). Of the 11 014 plaintiffs with known litigation outcomes, 7482 (67.9%) received monetary compensation. Conclusion Over our study period, the incidence of litigation over potential medical malpractice increased in China. As many of the cases related to alleged inadequacies in the quality of health care, records of medical malpractice litigation in China may be worth exploring as an indicator of health-care quality.
HIERARCHICAL PATTERNS OF CHROMOSOME VARIATION IN DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

Sewall Wright (1978) analyzed the population structure of Drosophila pseudoobscura in detail. This was done by dividing the range of the species into subdivisions and then calculating and plotting a set of hierarchical F statistics. His principal findings for the third chromosome gene arrangement polymorphism were: (1) the hierarchical pattern of genetic variation differed greatly among the various gene arrangements; and (2) divergence of gene arrangement frequencies seemed to depend more on coadaptation and the evolution of new interaction systems than on direct selective response to different conditions encountered over the species' range. The European species D. subobscura belongs to the same species group as D. pseudoobscura, is also polymorphic for a rich array of gene arrangements for each of five rod-like chromosomes, and has been well-studied as a model for micro-evolution (see, e.g., Krimbas and Loukas, 1980). Genetic variation in these two species has often been compared because the polymorphism of D. pseudoobscura is "flexible," while that of D. subobscura is sometimes thought to be "rigid" (Dobzhansky, 1962). That is to say, the chromosome polymorphism of D. pseudoobscura varies seasonally and with altitude across short distances, while no such changes with altitude have been observed for the polymorphisms of D. subobscura. And though seasonal changes have been demonstrated in some populations of D. subobscura (Burla and Gbtz, 1965), others seem not to vary (see Krimbas and Loukas, 1980). Following Wright's (1978) procedure we examined the hierarchical pattern of variation at each of the five polymorphic chromosomes of D. subobscura in order to see how these patterns compare to one another and to the pattern observed for D. pseudoobscura.
Dynein light chain regulates adaptive and innate B cell development by distinctive genetic mechanisms

Mechanistic differences in the development and function of adaptive, high-affinity antibody-producing B-2 cells and innate-like, “natural” antibody-producing B-1a cells remain poorly understood. Here we show that the multi-functional dynein light chain (DYNLL1/LC8) plays important roles in the establishment of B-1a cells in the peritoneal cavity and in the ongoing development of B-2 lymphoid cells in the bone marrow of mice. Epistasis analyses indicate that Dynll1 regulates B-1a and early B-2 cell development in a single, linear pathway with its direct transcriptional activator ASCIZ (ATMIN/ZNF822), and that the two genes also have complementary functions during late B-2 cell development. The B-2 cell defects caused by loss of DYNLL1 were associated with lower levels of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, and could be supressed by deletion of pro-apoptotic BIM which is negatively regulated by both DYNLL1 and BCL-2. Defects in B cell development caused by loss of DYNLL1 could also be partially suppressed by a pre-arranged SWHEL Igm-B cell receptor transgene. In contrast to the rescue of B-2 cell numbers, the B-1a cell deficiency in Dynll1-deleted mice could not be suppressed by the loss of Bim, and was further compounded by the SWHEL transgene. Conversely, oncogenic MYC expression, which is synthetic lethal with Dynll1 deletion in B-2 cells, did not further reduce B-1a cell numbers in Dynll1-defcient mice. Finally, we found that the ASCIZ-DYNLL1 axis was also required for the early-juvenile development of aggressive MYC-driven and p53-deficient B cell lymphomas. These results identify ASCIZ and DYNLL1 as the core of a transcriptional circuit that differentially regulates the development of the B-1a and B-2 B lymphoid cell lineages and plays a critical role in lymphomagenesis.
Electrospun Nanofibre Membranes as Wound Dressing Materials

An effective wound dressing is not only able to protect the wound area from its surroundings to avoid infection and dehydration, but also to speed up the healing process by providing an optimum microenvironment for healing, removing any excess wound exudates, and allowing continuous tissue reconstruction. In this study, two biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), were used to electrospin nanofibre membranes. The wound dressing performances of these two membranes were compared with the wound dressing performances of protein coated membranes and conventional non-woven cotton wound dressings. In addition, fibre morphology, porous structural property, mechanical properties of the nanofibre membranes, and their drainage capacity and wound skin histology were examined.
A Secure ID-based Proxy Signature Scheme from Bilinear Pairings

In a proxy signature scheme, a user delegates his/her signing capability to another user in such a way that the latter can sign messages on behalf of the former. Proxy signature helps the proxy signer to sign messages on behalf of the original signer. It is very useful when the original signer is not available to sign a specific document. In this paper, we propose a secure an identity based proxy signature scheme from bilinear pairings. The proposed scheme satisfy all the security property of proxy signature scheme.
Nonclinical Development of ENV905 (Difluprednate) Ophthalmic Implant for the Treatment of Inflammation and Pain Associated with Ocular Surgery.

PURPOSE Topical corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of inflammation and pain after ocular surgery, but they possess several shortcomings, including frequent dosing and low patient adherence. We evaluated the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of ENV905 (difluprednate or DFBA) Ophthalmic Implant, a single-dose drug delivery system, compared with 0.05% Durezol. METHODS PRINT® technology was used to fabricate ENV905 implants for either intracameral (IC) or subconjunctival (SCJ) delivery of extended-release DFBA. A postoperative inflammation model and ocular pharmacokinetics studies of ENV905 or Durezol were conducted in albino rabbits for a maximum of 12 weeks. RESULTS Suppression of ocular inflammation was marked for both IC and SJC ENV905 compared with placebo, and it was superior or equivalent to that observed with QID Durezol. Concentrations of desacetyl difluprednate (DFB, active metabolite) peaked on day 1 and tapered over time for ENV905, with IC ENV905 delivering DFB to the target tissue at the time of greatest inflammation, whereas SJC produced a longer duration of exposure. Durezol eyes demonstrated consistent exposure over time with maximal exposure in the cornea. Although the pharmacokinetic profile differed for the two routes, efficacy was similar. CONCLUSION ENV905 was well tolerated and demonstrated a robust reduction in ocular inflammation with targeted drug delivery. The results from these studies show that ENV905 provides a sustained therapeutic effect after a single dose. By resolving low patient compliance and eliminating the peaks and troughs in drug concentration, sustained drug delivery via ENV905 may further improve the overall control of postoperative inflammation and pain.
Does William Shakespeare REALLY Write Hamlet? Knowledge Representation Learning with Confidence

Knowledge graphs (KGs), which could provide essential relational information between entities, have been widely utilized in various knowledge-driven applications. Since the overall human knowledge is innumerable that still grows explosively and changes frequently, knowledge construction and update inevitably involve automatic mechanisms with less human supervision, which usually bring in plenty of noises and conflicts to KGs. However, most conventional knowledge representation learning methods assume that all triple facts in existing KGs share the same significance without any noises. To address this problem, we propose a novel confidence-aware knowledge representation learning framework (CKRL), which detects possible noises in KGs while learning knowledge representations with confidence simultaneously. Specifically, we introduce the triple confidence to conventional translation-based methods for knowledge representation learning. To make triple confidence more flexible and universal, we only utilize the internal structural information in KGs, and propose three kinds of triple confidences considering both local and global structural information. In experiments, We evaluate our models on knowledge graph noise detection, knowledge graph completion and triple classification. Experimental results demonstrate that our confidence-aware models achieve significant and consistent improvements on all tasks, which confirms the capability of CKRL modeling confidence with structural information in both KG noise detection and knowledge representation learning.
A bright, dust-obscured, millimetre-selected galaxy beyond the Bullet Cluster (1E0657-56)

Deep 1.1 mm continuum observations of 1E0657−56 (the ‘Bullet Cluster’) taken with the millimeter-wavelength camera AzTEC on the 10-m Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE), have revealed an extremely bright (S1.1 mm= 15.9 mJy) unresolved source. This source, MMJ065837−5557.0, lies close to a maximum in the density of underlying mass distribution, towards the larger of the two interacting clusters as traced by the weak-lensing analysis of Clowe et al. Using optical–infrared (IR) colours, we argue that MMJ065837−5557.0 lies at a redshift of z= 2.7 ± 0.2. A lensing-derived mass model for the Bullet Cluster shows a critical line (caustic) of magnification within a few arcsec of the AzTEC source, sufficient to amplify the intrinsic millimetre-wavelength flux of the AzTEC galaxy by a factor of ≫20. After subtraction of the foreground cluster emission at 1.1 mm due to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and correcting for the magnification, the rest-frame far-IR luminosity of MMJ065837−5557.0 is ≤1012 L⊙, characteristic of a luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG). We explore various scenarios to explain the colours, morphologies and positional offsets between the potential optical and IR counterparts, and their relationship with MMJ065837−5557.0. Until higher resolution and more sensitive (sub)millimetre observations are available, the detection of background galaxies close to the caustics of massive lensing clusters offers the only opportunity to study this intrinsically faint millimetre-galaxy population.
Popfab: A Case for Portable Digital Fabrication

We present a case study of Popfab, a portable multi-purpose digital fabrication tool. It is uses interchangeable heads (3D printer, CNC mill, and CNC knife) on a general-purpose motion platform that folds into a briefcase. Popfab contributed to the discussion of the future of digital fabrication tools by demonstrating the feasibility of both portability and both additive and subtractive manufacturing on a single platform. Portability is not yet a widely considered option for digital fabrication tools, but with Popfab we demonstrate that general site-specific personal fabrication is possible.
Disentangling Aspect and Opinion Words in Target-based Sentiment Analysis using Lifelong Learning

Given a target name, which can be a product aspect or entity, identifying its aspect words and opinion words in a given corpus is a fine-grained task in target-based sentiment analysis (TSA). This task is challenging, especially when we have no labeled data and we want to perform it for any given domain. To address it, we propose a general two-stage approach. Stage one extracts/groups the target-related words (call t-words) for a given target. This is relatively easy as we can apply an existing semantics-based learning technique. Stage two separates the aspect and opinion words from the grouped t-words, which is challenging because we often do not have enough word-level aspect and opinion labels. In this work, we formulate this problem in a PU learning setting and incorporate the idea of lifelong learning to solve it. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach.
Do Animals Living in Larger Groups Experience Greater Parasitism? A Meta-Analysis

Parasitism is widely viewed as the primary cost of sociality and a constraint on group size, yet studies report varied associations between group size and parasitism. Using the largest database of its kind, we performed a meta-analysis of 69 studies of the relationship between group size and parasite risk, as measured by parasitism and immune defenses. We predicted a positive correlation between group size and parasitism with organisms that show contagious and environmental transmission and a negative correlation for searching parasites, parasitoids, and possibly vector-borne parasites (on the basis of the encounter-dilution effect). Overall, we found a positive effect of group size () that varied in magnitude across transmission modes and measures of parasite risk, with only weak indications of publication bias. Among different groups of hosts, we found a stronger relationship between group size and parasite risk in birds than in mammals, which may be driven by ecological and social factors. A metaregression showed that effect sizes increased with maximum group size. Phylogenetic meta-analyses revealed no evidence for phylogenetic signal in the strength of the group size–parasitism relationship. We conclude that group size is a weak predictor of parasite risk except in species that live in large aggregations, such as colonial birds, in which effect sizes are larger.
Microthermomechanical Analysis of Lead-Free SN-3.9AG-0.6CU Alloys; Part I : Viscoplastic Constitutive Properties

This is part I of a two-part paper on the mechanical behavior of lead-free solders. The constitutive properties of Sn3.9Ag0. 6Cu lead-free alloy are presented and compared against baseline data from eutectic Sn63Pb37 solder. Monotonic, displacement-controlled and load-controlled tests are performed over various temperatures, strain rates and stresses using the thermo-mechanical-microstructural (TMM) test system. It is shown that the lead-free alloy exhibits creep strain rates that are from one to five orders of magnitude lower than the eutectic SnPb alloy, depending on the stress level and the homologous temperature.
HaWCoS: the "hands-free" wheelchair control system

A system allowing to control an electrically powered wheelchair without using the hands is introduced. HaWCoS -- the "Hands-free" Wheelchair Control System -- relies upon muscle contractions as input signals. The working principle is as follows. The constant stream of EMG signals associated with any arbitrary muscle of the wheelchair driver is monitored and reduced to a stream of contraction events. The reduced stream affects an internal program state which is translated into appropriate commands understood by the wheelchair electronics. The feasibility of the proposed approach is illustrated by a prototypical implementation for a state-of-the-art wheelchair. Operating a HaWCoS-wheelchair requires extremely little effort, which makes the system suitable even for people suffering from very severe physical disabilities.
Evaluation of Respiratory Symptoms among Workers in an Automobile Manufacturing Factory, Iran

Background: This study estimated the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disorders among workers exposed to exposure to volatile organic compound (VOCs) in an automobile manufacturing factory in Tehran, Iran in 2016. Methods: Subjects of this case-control research were included 80 samples including 40 workers exposed to different level of BTEX as well as 40 unexposed individuals were considered as control group. Methods 1501 and 7602 presented by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) were used for the sampling and analysis of compounds in the air. Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) was used for analysis of compounds of interest. Six silica samples were collected during the campaign. Silica analyses were performed by using visible absorption spectrophotometry system. Lung functions were evaluated for 80 workers (40 exposed, 40 nonexposed) using spirometry system. Results: The average amount of total dust and free silica measured in factory were 7.3±1.04 mg.m−3 and 0.017±0.02 mg.m−3 respectively. Average benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene exposure levels in exposed subject’s median were 0.775±0.12, 1.2±2.08, 45.8±8.5, and 42.5±23.9 ppm respectively. Statistical tests showed significant difference between pulmonary function tests (except PEF) of exposed and non-exposed individuals before and after employment (P<0.05). Workers exposed to VOCs presented lower levels of FVC, VC, and PEF than the control group except FEV1/FVC%, FEV1, FEF2575 and FEV1/VC%. Conclusion: Decline in lung volumes and respiratory symptoms, significant difference associated with the exposure to dust or gas, duration of exposure, and smoking habit. Therefore, lung function tests should be performed before and after the employment to identify sensitive workers candidates.
Comprehensive Cloning of Prunus mume Dormancy Associated MADS-Box Genes and Their Response in Flower Bud Development and Dormancy

Dormancy Associated MADS-box genes are SVP/MADs-box members and supposed to play crucial roles in plant dormancy of perennial species. In Prunus mume, PmDAM6 has been previously identified to induce plant dormancy. In the current study, six PmDAMs were cloned in P. mume and functionally analyzed in yeast and tobacco to detect the roles of the genes paralogous to PmDAM6. The expression patterns together with sequence similarities indicate that PmDAMs are divided into two sub-clades within SVP group. Moreover, PmDAMs are verified to take part in the development of different plant organs, specifically the flower buds, in some intricate patterns. Furthermore, the PmDAM proteins are found to have special functions by forming corresponding protein complex during the development of flower bud and induction of dormancy. In particular, when PmDAM1 dominating in flower bud in the warm months, the protein complexes are consisted of PmDAM1 itself or with PmDAM2. With the decrease temperatures in the following months, PmDAM6 was found to be highly expressed and gradually changed the complex structure to PmDAM6-protein complex due to strong binding tendencies with PmDAM1 and PmDAM3. Finally, the homodimers of PmDAM6 prevailed to induce the dormancy. The results obtained in the current study highlight the functions of PmDAMs in the tissue development and dormancy, which provide available suggestions for further explorations of protein-complex functions in association with bud growth and dormancy.