Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sedentary Behaviour—A Target for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is highly prevalent and can lead to disability and premature mortality. Sedentary behaviour, defined as a low energy expenditure while sitting or lying down, has been identified as an independent risk factor for CVD. This article discusses (1) the association of total sedentary time and patterns of accumulating sedentary time with CVD risk markers, CVD incidence and mortality; (2) acute experimental evidence regarding the acute effects of reducing and breaking up sedentary time on CVD risk markers; and (3) the effectiveness of longer-term sedentary behaviour interventions on CVD risk. Findings suggest that under rigorously controlled laboratory and free-living conditions, breaking up sedentary time improves cardiovascular risk markers in individuals who are healthy, overweight or obese, or have impaired cardiovascular health. Breaking up sedentary time with walking may have the most widespread benefits, whereas standing breaks may be less effective, especially in healthy individuals. There is also growing evidence that sedentary behaviour interventions may benefit cardiovascular risk in the longer term (i.e., weeks to months). Reducing and breaking up sedentary time may, therefore, be considered a target for preventing and managing CVD. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of sedentary behaviour interventions over the long-term to appropriately inform guidelines for the management of CVD.
Estimating Size and Composition of Biological Communities by Modeling the Occurrence of Species

We develop a model that uses repeated observations of a biological community to estimate the number and composition of species in the community. Estimators of community-level attributes are constructed from model-based estimators of occurrence of individual species that incorporate imperfect detection of individuals. Data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey are analyzed to illustrate the variety of ecologically important quantities that are easily constructed and estimated using our model-based estimators of species occurrence. In particular, we compute site-specific estimates of species richness that honor classical notions of species-area relationships. We suggest extensions of our model to estimate maps of occurrence of individual species and to compute inferences related to the temporal and spatial dynamics of biological communities.
Mutated Beamforming for Cognitive Radio 5G Relay Network

In fifth-generation (5G) relay networks, the network blockage situation upsurges owing to inadequate penetration capability of the radio waves or interruption due to tall buildings and obstacles. To improve the network coverage and spectrum efficiency, a cooperative cognitive relay network with mutated beamforming is proposed. This work introduces mutation and replacement-strategy-based beamforming to enhance the opportunistic throughput and spectral efficiency. The proposed model employs imperfect channel state information (CSI) with consideration of the CSI error due to interfering signal. The mutated beamforming technique is implemented for the cognitive radio environment postefficient spectrum sensing. The proposed mutated beamforming mitigates CSI error via performing beamforming with minimized sidelobes and placing nulls in the desired direction. The mutated beamforming in 5G relay network achieves a spectral efficiency of 30 b/s/Hz at SNR = 20 dB.
Small Zeroth-Order Resonant Antennas on Spiral-Slotted Ground Plane

Abstract In this article, novel zeroth-order resonant antennas are presented. A reduction in the antenna size is achieved by using spiral slots on the ground plane or chip inductors. The proposed idea is explained by examining the equivalent circuit parameters; the spiral-slotted ground plane configurations are then proposed based on this principle. The circuit parameters of the transmission line with spiral-slotted ground plane are extracted and compared with those without spiral-slotted ground plane. The antenna design is optimized for small dimensions and high radiation efficiency through a parametric study. The experimental results support the proposed idea and theory.
Robust localisation algorithm for solving neighbour position ambiguity

Localisation error due to sensitivity to position ambiguity, with respect to some neighbouring nodes, is a major problem in wireless localisation. To solve this problem, the tangent linear approximation (TLA) for the nonlinear localisation model is derived, contributing to incorporating the effect of the neighbours' position ambiguity into belief propagation (BP) localisation. Theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the TLA-BP algorithm can acquire higher accuracy and convergence probability compared with other typical methods.
Macroscopic analysis of gas-jet wiping: Numerical simulation and experimental approach

Coating techniques are frequently used in industrial processes such as paper manufacturing, wire sleeving, and in the iron and steel industry. Depending on the application considered, the thickness of the resulting substrate is controlled by mechanical (scraper), electromagnetic (if the entrained fluid is appropriated), or hydrodynamic (gas-jet wiping) operations. This paper deals with the latter process, referred to as gas-jet wiping, in which a turbulent slot jet is used to wipe the coating film dragged by a moving substrate. This mechanism relies on the gas-jet–liquid film interaction taking place on the moving surface. The aim of this study is to compare the results obtained by a lubrication one–dimensional model, numerical volume of fluid–large eddy simulation (VOF-LES) modeling and an experimental approach. The investigation emphasizes the effect of the controlling wiping parameters, i.e., the pressure gradient and shear stress distributions induced by the jet, on the shape of the liquid film. Those.
Positions of the radio recombination line masers in MWC 349

The Owens Valley Millimeter Interferometer has been used at 232 GHz to measure the relative positions of the strongest H30α maser features toward MWC 349. Maser emission appears to originate from two positions 0″. 065±0″. 005 (80 AU) apart, located in an almost east-west direction (P.A. 107°±7°), approximately perpendicular to the bipolar ionized wind structure observed in low-frequency radio continuum maps. We argue that the maser features originate in two positions associated with a nearly edge-on, neutral disk which is the source of high-density ionized gas
Amplification of Cluster Correlations: The Effect of Sharp Clipping

In this paper the method of generating functions is used to describe how cluster correlations arise from the galaxy correlations. As a model we use a sharp clipping algorithm: we identify clusters as cells with density exceeding a certain threshold. We provide the generating function of the two- and three-point correlation functions of the resulting cumulative distribution, yielding the correlation functions for any threshold. The generating function can be expanded either with computer algebra or with analytic calculations. We evaluate two special cases which can be solved analytically and investigate their continuum limit properties
An effective method to detect straight lines from high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery and its applications for runway extraction

It has always been an important low-level operation to extract edges from images in the fields of computer vision and image procession, in which straight line extraction is typical and representative. Because most man-made spatial objects, e.g. buildings, roads, etc. often take on near straight-line boundaries, extracting straight lines is often the first step to extract these targets. Straight lines can then be looked as the elementary units for other higher level image interpretations. In this paper, a straight line extraction method combining edge detection and depth-first searching on the vector line layer is proposed and applied to extract runways of airports. The steps include: 1) edges are found with the Canny operator and vectorirzed. The reason to use the Canny operator is because it is designed to be an optimal edge detector, which gives very good results on detecting step or slop like edges. It takes as input a grey scale image, and produces as output an image showing the positions of tracked intensity discontinuities. After this operation, we then vectorize the edge points to be a vector layer with edge tracing.2) With the vector-formatted edge lines, the straight line searching can then be carried out. In order to complete this, topology between arcs should be cleaned and rebuilt, which includes the deletion of repetitive, one-node arcs, and splitting on the intersections, etc. 3) Straight lines are detected with the depth-first searching strategy. With the rebuilt topology, we can easily obtain the begin, end nodes of every line. If the distances of its all vertices to the line connecting the begin, end nodes of an arc are less than some pre-defined threshold, it could be looked as a 'straight line' and extracted. Besides, we are certainly only interested in the straight lines with lengths larger than certain threshold, thus a minimum length threshold should be specified to delete these very short lines. In the searching of straight lines, some arcs should be grouped as a single straight line; some un-straight lines should be split to extract its straight parts. The suitable straight lines are outputted to a vector layer after being reselected and re-grouped, with distinguishing short, long isolating, long not isolating straight lines. With all these steps, we can get the initial straight vector line layer. 4) To these lines with small interspaces but locate on a single straight line, we use a simple but effective connecting step to 'fill' the gaps. Starting from the vector layer and with the operations of broken line connecting and parallel line detection, the main airport runway can be well extracted, which helps us to locate and recognize airports from high spatial remotely sensed imagery.
Rheology of a dual crosslink self-healing gel: Theory and measurement using parallel-plate torsional rheometry

Tough hydrogels can be synthesized by incorporating self-healing physical crosslinks in a chemically crosslinked gel network. Due to the breaking and reattachment of these physical crosslinks, these gels exhibit a rate-dependent behavior that can be different from a classical linear viscoelastic solid. In this work, we develop a theory to describe the linear mechanical response of a dual-crosslink gel in a parallel-plate torsional rheometer. Our theory is based on a newly developed finite strain constitutive model. We show that some of the parameters in the constitutive model can be determined by carrying oscillatory torsional experiments. For consistency, we also show that the torsion data in an oscillatory test can be predicted using our theory with parameters obtained from tension tests. Our theory provides a basis for interpreting and understanding the test data of these gels obtained from rheometry.
Effect of a Hydrodynamic Flow on the Orientation Profiles of a Nematic Liquid Crystal Around a Spherical Particle

ABSTRACT We study the effect of a hydrodynamic flow on the orientational configuration of a nematic liquid crystal around a spherical particle imposing rigid normal anchoring. We discuss the cases of large Ericksen numbers (characterizing the ratio of viscous force to the elastic force), where strong elastic deformation by the flow is expected. We assume the Stokes flow profile and deal with a simplified dynamic equation of the orientational order parameter of a second-rank tensor Q αβ. We consider the cases where a particle accompanying a hyperbolic hedgehog or a Saturn ring is subjected to a flow along the axis of rotational symmetry. In both cases the orientation profiles exhibit considerable deformation by a flow.
Effect and mechanism of microRNA‐515‐5p in proliferation and apoptosis of trophoblast cells in preeclampsia via manipulating histone deacetylase 2

Preeclampsia (PE) refers to a pregnancy‐specific disease that begins with the placenta. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) are a feature of PE. This study tried to elicit the functional mechanism of miR‐515‐5p in trophoblast cell behaviors in PE. First, HTR‐8/SVneo cells were transfected with miR‐515‐5p mimic or miR‐515‐5p inhibitor. Then, relative expression levels of miR‐515‐5p and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in HTR‐8/SVneo cells were determined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The potential binding site of miR‐515‐5p and HDAC2 was predicted on Targetscan and their binding relationship was verified via dual‐luciferase assay. Proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of HTR‐8/SVneo cells were assessed via cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays, respectively. Protein levels of Cleaved caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, and Bax were determined via Western blot. Overexpressed miR‐515‐5p impeded proliferation and stimulated apoptosis of HTR‐8/SVneo cells, and decreased levels of Cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax and elevated Bcl‐2, whilst opposite results were observed after miR‐515‐5p inhibition. miR‐515‐5p targeted HDAC2. Knockdown of HDAC2 annulled the promotional action of miR‐515‐5p inhibition on proliferative, invasive, and migratory abilities and its antiapoptotic action on HTR‐8/SVneo cells. In brief, miR‐515‐5p affected the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of HTR‐8/SVneo cells by targeting HDAC2.
Using Data From Similar Systems for Data-Driven Condition Diagnosis and Prognosis of Engineering Systems: A Review and an Outline of Future Research Challenges

Prognostics and health management (PHM) is an engineering approach dealing with the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of the health state of engineering systems. Methods that can analyze system behavior, fault conditions, and degradation are crucial for PHM applications, as they create the basis for determining, predicting, and monitoring the health of engineering systems. Data-driven methods have been proven to be suitable for automated diagnosis or prognosis due to their pattern recognition and anomaly detection abilities. Moreover, they do not require knowledge of the underlying degradation process. However, training data-driven methods usually requires a large amount of data, whose collection, cleansing, organization, and preparation are generally very time-consuming and costly. There are usually little or no run-to-failure data available at market launch, especially for new systems such as new machine generations. Nevertheless, related systems, hereinafter referred to as similar systems, often already exist, differing only in some technical characteristics. In this paper, the similar system problem is defined, and explanations of the difficulties that arise when using data from similar systems are presented. Furthermore, it is discussed why the usage of these data offers great potential for condition diagnosis and prognosis of engineering systems. An overview of data-driven methods that can be used to utilize data from similar systems is provided, and the methods that such systems already consider are highlighted. Two related research areas are identified, namely, fleet learning and transfer learning. In the paper, it is shown that similar system approaches will become an important branch of research in PHM. However, some difficulties must be overcome.
On the Radiative Equilibrium of a Stellar Atmosphere. II.

In this paper a new method is described for solving the various problems of radiative transfer in the theory of stellar atmospheres. The basic idea consists in expressing the integral (proportional to the density of radiation) which occurs in the equation of transfer as a sum according to Gauss's formula for numerical quadratures and replacing the integrodifferential equation by a system of linear equations. General solutions of this linear system can readily be written down, and this enables one to obtain solutions for the various problems to any desired degree of accuracy. The method has been applied in detail to the problem considered in the earlier paper, and the first four approximations explicitly found. The corresponding laws of darkening have also been determined. An interesting by-product of the investigation is a new and entirely elementary proof of the exact Hopf Bronstein relation, giving the boundary temperature in terms of the effective temperature.
Optical and microstructural study of a single layer of InGaN quantum dots

Two typical kinds of InGaN quantum dots (QDs) have been grown on sapphires under different conditions through modifying the NH3 flow rate using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition: small spherical dots with a high dot density and large truncated pyramidal dots with a low dot density. The small dots have been found typically coherent and defect-free, while a strain relaxation has often been observed in the large dots. Consequently, this leads to a massive difference in optical properties between them. The optical properties have been investigated by means of temperature-dependent and excitation power-dependent microphotoluminescence measurements. It has been found that the small spherical QDs show higher optical quantum efficiency and much weaker piezoelectric field induced quantum-confined Stark effect than the large truncated QDs. Based on the energy balance between the strain and surface energy, the influence of V/III ratio on the transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth mode duri.
Speed of Pitch Change

In an attempt to determine the response characteristics of the larynx in voluntary pitch change, five adult male subjects were instructed to execute a variety of continuous pitch changes, as rapidly as possible, within the range 90–220 Hz. For a given pitch interval, there was a marked tendency for all upward pitch change to take longer than a downward pitch change. Also, unexpectedly, there was no marked tendency for a change involving a wide pitch interval to take longer than a change involving. a smaller interval. Speculations on the physiological reasons for these relations, as well as their possible relevance to the phonology of tone and intonation, will be offered. [Supported by the National Science Foundation and a University of California Faculty Research Grant. ]
Limit Theorems of Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Weights

Introduction Statement of main results Properties of harmonic functions Polynomial inequalities with exponential weights Entire functions of exponential type and their approximation properties Polynomial interpolation and approximation of entire functions of exponential type Proofs of the limit theorems Applications Multidimensional limit theorems of polynomial approximation with exponential weights Examples Appendix A. Negativity of a kernel Bibliography Index.
Pet Insects May Improve Physical Performance and Sleep in Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly People with Chronic Diseases: A Single-Arm Interventional Pilot Study

Purpose Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) is an effective intervention that improves the mental and physical health. However, few have examined the efficacy of pet insects as a form of AAI for prefrail and frail elderly. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of pet insects on physical performance and psychological health in community-dwelling frail elderly individuals with a chronic disease. Patients and Methods This study was an 8 week prospective single-arm interventional pilot study that enrolled prefrail and frail community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and older, all of whom had a chronic disease and attended a daycare facility. Pet insects and appropriate equipment were provided, and supporting programs were used to educate participants about how to rear the insects and how to get close to them. Pre- and post-interventional physical and psychological functions were evaluated. Results A total of 23 subjects (mean age, 82.78 years) were enrolled in the final analysis. The timed up-and-go-test (TUG) was used to measure functional mobility, and grip strength was used as a measure of muscle strength; both showed significant changes after the 8-week intervention (Δ = −0.35±0.73 sec, P = 0.034; and Δ = 0.73±0.99 kg, P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, the insomnia severity index (ISI) and average sleep duration improved significantly (Δ = −2.91±5.64, P = −0.021; and Δ = 0.87±1.98, P = 0.047, respectively). There were no significant changes in the results of other psychometric tests. Logistic regression analysis using the forward stepwise selection method revealed that the baseline ISI score and the absence of other comorbidities were significantly associated with the probability of positive changes in both the TUG and HS tests after the intervention. Conclusion Pet insects may be an effective and easily applicable type of AAI, which improves physical function and sleep in prefrail and frail elderly individuals.
Global-gyrokinetic study of finite β effects on linear microinstabilities

Electromagnetic microinstabilities in tokamak plasmas are studied by means of a linear global eigenvalue numerical code. Ion dynamics is described by the gyrokinetic equation, so that finite ion Larmor radius effects are taken into account to all orders. Nonadiabatic electrons are included in the model, with passing particles described by the drift-kinetic equation and trapped particles through the bounce averaged drift-kinetic equation. A large aspect ratio plasma with circular shifted surfaces is considered for the numerical implementation. The effects of an electromagnetic perturbation on toroidal ion temperature gradient driven modes are studied, confirming the stabilization of these modes with increasing beta (parameter identifying the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure). The threshold for the destabilization of an electromagnetic mode, the so-called kinetic ballooning mode or Alfvenic ion temperature gradient mode is identified. Moreover, owing to the global formulation, the radial structure of these electromagnetic modes is observed for the first time. Finally, the contributions of trapped electron dynamics and the effects of the Shafranov shift are addressed. (C) 2003 American Institute of Physics.
Floating Nanodot Gate Memory Devices Based on Biomineralized Inorganic Nanodot Array as a Storage Node

The memory effect in floating nanodot gate field-effect-transistor (FET) was investigated by fabricating biomineralized inorganic nanodot embedded metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices. Artificially biomineralized cobalt (Co) oxide cores accommodated in ferritins were utilized as a charge storage node of floating gate memory. Two dimensional array of Co oxide core accommodated ferritin were, after selective protein elimination, buried into the stacked dielectric layers of MOS capacitors and MOSFETs. Fabricated MOS capacitors and MOSFETs presented a clear hysteresis in capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics and drain current–gate voltage (ID–VG) characteristics, respectively. The observed hysteresis in C–V and ID–VG are attributed to the electron and hole confinement within the embedded ferritin cores. These results clearly support the biologically synthesized cores work as charge storage nodes. This work proved the feasibility of the biological path for fabrication of electronic device components.