Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synaptic plasticity : molecular, cellular, and functional aspects

Molecular correlates of activity-dependent development and synaptic plasticity, S. Hockfield molecular sorting in neurons, O. Steward neuroplasticity of the hippocampus and striatum - models for ageing and neurodegenerative disease, Caleb E. Finch and T.H. McNeill forms of long-term potentiation induced by NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation, T. Teyler and L. Grover long-term potentiation - biochemical mechanisms, M. Baudry and G. Lynch cerebellar mechanisms of long-term depression, Masao Ito long-term depression - related mechanisms in cerebellum, neocortex and hippocampus, A. Artola and W. Singer theory of synaptic plasticity in visual cortex, N. Intrator et al a theoretical and experimental strategy for realizing a biologically based model of the hippocampus, T.W. Berger, et al synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, S.P.R. Rose synaptic plasticity and memory storage, R.F. Thompson et al.
Trade me an axe? Interpretive challenges of the distribution and provenance of Neolithic basaltic bifacial tools in Israel

Abstract The discovery of a Neolithic quarry and production site for basanite bifacial tools at Giv‘at Kipod in Israel has provided new insights into these socially significant artefacts. Geochemical analysis of material from the quarry distinguishes it from other basaltic rock sources in Israel, allowing stone tools from a variety of sites and dated contexts to be assigned a provenance. Results suggest that Giv‘at Kipod was an important production centre for over several millennia. It operated primarily on a local, regional level and independently of the parallel manufacture-and-distribution mechanisms of flint bifacials. While flint tools developed in response to the practical requirements of the transition to agriculture in the region, ground-stone bifacials appear to have been a product of economic changes and evolving social structures.
How Africa tweets

Young people Tweeting from mobile devices are driving the growth of Twitter in Africa. In the first ever attempt to comprehensively map the use of Twitter in Africa, Portland and Tweetminster analysed over 11.5 million geo-located Tweets originating on the continent during the last three months of 2011. This pan-African analysis of Twitter traffic was complemented by a survey of 500 of Africa’s most active Tweeters. This report consists of a one-page brief on the survey's key findings, a high-resolution infographic, and slides.
The importance of pollen concentration values from coprolites: An analysis of Southwest Texas samples

Abstract This paper presents the information gained from a palynological analysis of 38 coprolites from the lower Pecos region in southwestern Texas. The study was conducted to determine the subsistence and diet of a group of hunter‐gatherers inhabiting Baker Cave, Val Verde County, at approximately A.D. 900. The Baker Cave inhabitants used what was available in their environment for their subsistence and medicinal needs. The probable economic pollen types observed in the samples include the mustard family (Brassicaceae), sotol (Dasylirion), a sunflower type (high‐spine Asteraceae), sagebrush (Artemisia), and grass (Gramineae). An important aspect of this study also provides an example of the application of pollen concentration to coprolite studies. This study indicates that coprolite samples containing over 100,000 pollen grains per gram of material usually contain high frequencies of a few pollen types, most of which are economic and were ingested only a few days before the sample was deposited. Samples.
Sand Transport offshore the Saemangeum Dike, Midwest Coast of Korea

Abstract Geological investigations conducted over a vast seabed offshore the giant Saemangeum Dike on the west coast of Korea indicate that the surface area of fine to very fine sands has rapidly expanded southward in recent years (2002–2008). To unravel the processes responsible for this phenomenon, two field campaigns of hydrodynamic measurements were carried out at the same station with an instrumented tripod during May 2007 and January 2008. The measurements show the definite occurrence of wind-generated residual currents that were more distinctive and consistent during winter compared with the relatively weak, inconsistent analogues of the late-spring season. The simple algebraic calculations for bedload transport based on a cubic relationship between the bedload transport rate and steady currents suggest that the southward movements of surface sands result from interplay of wintertime residual currents and macrotidal currents. In addition, numerical model experiments illuminate that the dike construction has increased the N-S component of tidal currents over the study area. The sediment transport evaluations further suggest that this artificial increase in tidal currents in the N-S direction could considerably enhance southward sand transport.
A genomic island present along the bacterial chromosome of the Parachlamydiaceae UWE 25 , an obligate amoebal endosymbiont , encodes a potentially functional F-like conjugative DNA transfer system

Background: The genome of Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25, a Parachlamydia-related endosymbiont of freeliving amoebae, was recently published, providing the opportunity to search for genomic islands (GIs). Results: On the residual cumulative G+C content curve, a G+C-rich 19-kb region was observed. This sequence is part of a 100-kb chromosome region, containing 100 highly co-oriented ORFs, flanked by two 17-bp direct repeats. Two identical gly-tRNA genes in tandem are present at the proximal end of this genetic element. Several mobility genes encoding transposases and bacteriophage-related proteins are located within this chromosome region. Thus, this region largely fulfills the criteria of GIs. The G+C content analysis shows that several modules compose this GI. Surprisingly, one of them encodes all genes essential for F-like conjugative DNA transfer (traF, traG, traH, traN, traU, traW, and trbC), involved in sex pilus retraction and mating pair stabilization, strongly suggesting that, similarly to the other F-like operons, the parachlamydial tra unit is devoted to DNA transfer. A close relatedness of this tra unit to F-like tra operons involved in conjugative transfer is confirmed by phylogenetic analyses performed on concatenated genes and gene order conservation. These analyses and that of gly-tRNA distribution in 140 GIs suggest a proteobacterial origin of the parachlamydial tra unit. Conclusions: A GI of the UWE25 chromosome encodes a potentially functional F-like DNA conjugative system. This is the first hint of a putative conjugative system in chlamydiae. Conjugation most probably occurs within freeliving amoebae, that may contain hundreds of Parachlamydia bacteria tightly packed in vacuoles. Such a conjugative system might be involved in DNA transfer between internalized bacteria. Since this system is absent from the sequenced genomes of Chlamydiaceae, we hypothesize that it was acquired after the divergence between Parachlamydiaceae and Chlamydiaceae, when the Parachlamydia-related symbiont was an intracellular bacteria. It suggests that this heterologous DNA was acquired from a phylogenetically-distant bacteria sharing an amoebal vacuole. Since Parachlamydiaceae are emerging agents of pneumonia, this GI might be involved in pathogenicity. In future, conjugative systems might be developed as genetic tools for Chlamydiales. Published: 22 December 2004 BMC Microbiology 2004, 4:48 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-4-48 Received: 06 October 2004 Accepted: 22 December 2004 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1471-2180/4/48 © 2004 Greub et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research on Young Seedling Plantation of Fertilizer Trialfor Eucalyptus urophylla at 6 Yearold

The results on growths, biomass, nutrient contents and economic benefit of young seedling plantation for Eucalyptus urophylla at 6 yearold by applying fertilizer were comprehensively summed up. The results showed that there was high significant increasing effect for young seedling plantation of E. urophylla.  There were also high significant differences on growths of height, DBH and per hectare volume at yearold between fertilizer treatment and no fertilizer treatment. Compared with no fertilizer treatment, fertilizer treatment on growths of height, DBH and per hectare volume increased by 34.76%, 56.80% and 206.59% respectively. Especially in No. 9 treatment (N100P150K50) with the mean height of 13.17 m, mean DBH of 13.73 cm and mean volume of 141.1 m3·hm2, it increased by 41.77%, 78.54% and 290.86% respectively. The best fertilizer combined ratio for N, P and K is 2∶3∶1. Fertilizer application can increase both the growths and biomass of each part for E. urophylla plantation. Fertilizer application also promoted absorb and utilization of each nutrient element for E. urophylla.  In addition, reasonable fertilizer application also attained the considerable economic benefit. The net profit of No. 9 treatment with a total of 9 946.84 RMB·hm2 at 6 yearold was 9.58 times than that of no fertilizer treatment. A ratio of input and output and a IRR for No. 9 treatment (N100P150K50) are 1 to 2.74 and 32.33% respectively
PREDICTING SALT MOBILITY FROM SOIL MOISTURE CONTENTS AT SPECIFIC MATRIC POTENTIALS IN REGOLITH MATERIALS

INTRODUCTION Groundwater flows and pore water retention in the regolith are governed by several factors. Of these, permeability governs the potential rates of water movement and is primarily controlled by the effective porosity, i.e., connected macro-pores that can transmit fluids readily. Sands, especially well sorted sand, have high permeability whereas fine textured materials such as sandy mud, mud and clay have low permeability. On the other hand, materials with high clay (phyllosilicate) abundances have high chemical (i.e., microand nano-) and total-porosity (Aplin et al. 1999), which allows these materials to store more moisture. Besides, clay minerals can also retain more pore fluids at a given matric potential compared to sand. The distribution of regolith materials with varying permeability gives rise to preferential flow paths and the difference in matric potential results in a range of moisture contents in the regolith.
Miniaturization of a Microstrip Antenna Using a Compact and Thin Magneto-Dielectric Substrate

Miniaturization of a rectangular microstrip antenna using a magneto-dielectric substrate is discussed theoretically and experimentally. A compact magneto-dielectric substrate is designed using a metamaterial structure that can reduce the antenna dimensions by increasing the constitutive parameters of the substrate. Furthermore, the proposed structure is thin enough to be embedded in a single dielectric substrate. The area of the microstrip antenna with the proposed magneto-dielectric substrate at 2.4 GHz is reduced up to about 65% compared to a conventional dielectric microstrip antenna. The bandwidth of the miniaturized antenna is almost unchanged due to the increase of the magnetic permeability at the designed 2.4-GHz frequency. Finally, a fabricated version of the miniaturized antenna is tested and measured. The results of the measurement and simulation are in good agreement.
RUW-Net: A Dual Codec Network for Road Extraction From Remote Sensing Images

Road information plays an increasingly important role in applications, such as map updating, urban planning, and intelligent supervision. However, roads in remote sensing images may be shaded by trees and buildings or interfered with by farmland. These intrinsic image features can cause road extraction results to suffer from breakage and misidentification problems. To address these problems, this article improves on D-LinkNet and proposes a dual codec structure network, namely RUW-Net. Specifically, we use ReSidual U-blocks instead of ordinary residual blocks to extract more global contextual information during the encoding stage. Moreover, we propose a decoder-encoder combination (DEC) module to build a dual codec structure. The DEC module links the decoder of the first U-block and the encoder of the following U-block to narrow the semantic gap in the encoding and decoding process. The RUW-Net model can extract more multiscale contextual features and effectively use them to enhance the semantic information of road entities. Therefore, the RUW-Net model can obtain more accurate extraction results. We conducted a series of experiments on public datasets, such as DeepGlobe, including comparative, robustness, and ablation experiments. The results show that the proposed model alleviates the road extraction breakage and misidentification problems. Compared with other representative methods, the RUW-Net performs better in terms of completeness and accuracy of road extraction results; overall, its extraction results are also the best. The RUW-Net model provides a new idea for road extraction from remote sensing images.
Author ’ s Accepted Manuscript Functional Connectivity and Activity of White Matter in Somatosensory Pathways under Tactile Stimulations

Functional MRI has proven to be effective in detecting neural activity in brain cortices on the basis of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast, but has relatively poor sensitivity for detecting neural activity in white matter. To demonstrate that BOLD signals in white matter are detectable and contain information on neural activity, we stimulated the somatosensory system and examined distributions of BOLD signals in related white matter pathways. The temporal correlation profiles and frequency contents of BOLD signals were compared between stimulation and resting conditions, and between relevant white matter fibers and background regions, as well as between left and right side stimulations. Quantitative analyses show that, overall, MR signals from white matter fiber bundles in the somatosensory system exhibited significantly greater temporal correlations with the primary sensory cortex and greater signal power during tactile stimulations than in a resting state, and were stronger than corresponding 1 These authors contribute equally to this work.
Evidence of Climate Variability and Tropical Cyclone Activity from Diatom Assemblage Dynamics in Coastal Southwest Florida

The relative abundance of diatom species in different habitats can be used as a tool to infer prior environmental conditions and evaluate management decisions that influence habitat quality. Diatom distribution patterns were examined to characterize relationships between assemblage composition and environmental gradients in a subtropical estuarine watershed. I identified environmental correlates of diatom distribution patterns across the Charlotte Harbor, Florida, watershed; evaluated differences among three major river drainages; and determined how accurately local environmental conditions can be predicted using inference models based on diatom assemblages. Sampling locations ranged from freshwater to marine (0.1 – 37.2 ppt salinity) and spanned broad nutrient concentration gradients. Salinity was the predominant driver of differences among diatom assemblages across the watershed, but other environmental variables had stronger correlations with assemblages within the subregions of the three rivers and harbor. Eighteen indicator taxa were significantly
More Than Words: Collocation Tokenization for Latent Dirichlet Allocation Models

Traditionally, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) ingests words in a collection of documents to discover their latent topics using word-document co-occurrences. However, it is unclear how to achieve the best results for languages without marked word boundaries such as Chinese and Thai. Here, we explore the use of Pearson's chi-squared test, t-statistics, and Word Pair Encoding (WPE) to produce tokens as input to the LDA model. The Chi-squared, t, and WPE tokenizers are trained on Wikipedia text to look for words that should be grouped together, such as compound nouns, proper nouns, and complex event verbs. We propose a new metric for measuring the clustering quality in settings where the vocabularies of the models differ. Based on this metric and other established metrics, we show that topics trained with merged tokens result in topic keys that are clearer, more coherent, and more effective at distinguishing topics than those unmerged models.
Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Sphyraena putnamae Jordan and Seale, 1905 and Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 from Pamban Island waters, Gulf of Mannar, south-east coast of India

Length-weight relationships (LWRs), Fultonâ€™s condition factor (K) and relative condition factor (Kn) of two barracuda species, Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905 and Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 were studied from the Gulf of Mannar. The length and weight range for S. putnamae was 23.6 to 55.3 cm and 70.89 to 702.50 g, respectively, whereas for S. obtusata it was 17.7 to 40.9 cm and 34.68 to 299.01 g, respectively. The estimated â€˜bâ€™ value for S. putnamae ranged from 2.632 to 2.743, whereas for S. obtusata it ranged from 2.621 to 2.722. The results indicated a negative allometric growth pattern (b<3) both the species. For S. putnamae, the coefficient of determination (r2) was from 0.928 to 0.969, whereas for S. obtusata, it was 0.904 to 0.930. The regression slopes (b) of both sexes of S. putnamae and S. obtusata showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Condition factor (K) was estimated to be higher for S. obtusata (0.70Â±0.10; MeanÂ±SE) than S. putnamae (0.49Â±0.04) for the total population. The relative condition factor (Kn) was estimated as 1. 05Â±0.07 for S. putnamae and 1. 00Â±0.12 for S. obtusata populations.Keywords: Allometric growth, Biomass, Fishery management, Morphology, Sphyraenidae
Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Stability of the Perovskite Materials – Study of Structural and Morphological Properties

In this research, the solid-state method was utilized to synthesize LaFeO 3 powders, with La 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 being employed as precursor materials. The prepared samples were calcined at different temperatures 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C for 4h to study phase stability. The thermal effect on structural and morpho - logical properties was reported. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed the pure phase in its orthorhombic configu - ration at 1200°C and 1300°C, which was confirmed by Rietveld’s analysis. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was employed to analyze the surface morphology and compositional characteristics. In addition, the samples were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The thermal behavior of the product was investigated through the utilization of thermogravimetric analysis
Multi-Channel Integrated Transmitters With Cyclic AWG

In this work, the multi-channel transmitters dedicated to WDM-PON access systems and based on photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are presented and discussed. In particular, the design's details, and the results of the experimental evaluation of developed PICs are discussed in the context of targeted application. All circuits have been designed and manufactured using an indium phosphide (InP) generic process, which provides monolithic integration of all active and passive components necessary to realize high-speed and multi-channel transmitting and receiving devices. The transmitters utilize distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers as continuous wave (CW) light sources combined with electro-absorption modulators (EAMs). A cyclic 8 × 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is used as the output multiplexer, to minimize the effect of potential misalignment of the wavelengths provided by the lasers with the multiplexer passband. The performance of the transmitters has been experimentally verified, confirming multi-channel operation and error-free transmission of signals with a bit rate of 10 Gb/s, which proves the applicability of developed devices in access networks and datacom systems as well.
Paleodepth and Paleoenvironment of Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz, 1849) from Lower Cretaceous Deltaic Deposits (Basque-Cantabrian Basin, West Pyrenees)

Abstract The rosetted trace fossil Dactyloidites ottoi (Geinitz) commonly has been associated with shallow-water, high-energy marine environments, although detailed sedimentological analyses of the host deposits are unfortunately few. The Aptian–Albian Otoio Formation (Basque-Cantabrian Basin) provides an excellent opportunity to test the paleobathymetric and paleoenvironmental controls on the restricted distribution of D. ottoi. The Otoio Formation records a great variety of shallow-water marine environments, but D. ottoi occurs only in intervals interpreted as fluvial-dominated deltas (Gilbert-type and mouth bar-type deltas). Moreover, detailed facies analysis and geometric relationships of the deltaic deposits suggest the following main controls on the distribution of D. ottoi: (1) paleodepth between 0 and 3 m, quantified from the foreset heights of Gilbert-type deltas; (2) siliciclastic and organic matter-rich sandy substrate; (3) high and discontinuous sedimentation rates; and (4) reduced salinity, responsible for the small size of the trace from the Otoio Formation. These observations are in agreement with published data from other localities.
International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, July-2017 ISSN (2226-8235) Vol-6, Issue 7

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of individual dimensions of Online Service Quality on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty in e-commerce settings. Empirical results indicate that the perceived service quality has positive direct effects on both customer satisfaction and trust. The results also show that customer satisfaction appears to have a positive direct effect on trust, while both customer satisfaction and trust have direct positive effects on loyalty through satisfaction and trust. Thus, both satisfaction and trust play an imperative role in creating customer loyalty as suggested by many authors. Some theoretical and managerial implications and suggestions for future research are also provided.
Why do farmers expand their land into forests? Theories and evidence from Tanzania

This paper examines the causes of agricultural land expansion and deforestation in Tanzania. In the theoretical section, two different—and partly contradicting—sets of hypotheses are outlined. These are based on a subsistence approach, emphasising the food or income requirements of farm households, and a market approach, focussing on the relative profitability of agriculture. The statistical analysis shows that increased agricultural output prices, in particular for annual crops, is a major factor behind agricultural expansion. An increase of 1 per cent in output prices leads to about 1 per cent increase in agricultural area. Other factors such as input prices, technology and economic growth are tested and discussed, but the conclusions are less robust. The controversial role of population growth in explaining deforestation is addressed. Generally the results lend support to the market rather than the subsistence approach. JEL classification code: Q12, Q23, C23