Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drift-Diffusion Studies of Compositional Morphology in Bulk Heterojunctions: The Role of the Mixed Phase in Photovoltaic Performance

The active layers of most organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices are constructed from a blend of two organic compounds. The two materials spontaneously segregate into pure-component phases during device fabrication, creating a bicontinuous network of conduction pathways that are selective for electron or hole charge carriers. The morphological distribution of these materials within the active layer has long been known to influence charge transport and resulting device performance. In addition to the two purecomponent phases present in these devices, a third, mixed-composition phase exists at the interface between the two pure phases. The exact effects of this mixed-composition phase on OPV device performance are not well understood, although it is argued that the presence of a mixed phase is necessary for optimal device operation. In this paper, we probe the effects of having a mixed-composition interfacial phase on the performance and charge-transport characteristics of OPV devices through a series of driftdiffusion model simulations. We start with set of model morphologies with only pure-component phases and then introduce an interfacial mixed phase in a controllable fashion. Our simulations show that a modest amount of mixing initially improves device efficiency by reducing the tortuosity of the device’s conduction pathways and easing morphological traps. However, an excessive amount of mixing can actually degrade high-conductivity pathways, reducing photovoltaic performance. The point at which mixing switches from being beneficial to detrimental to OPV performance depends on the average domain size of a device’s morphology. Devices with smaller feature sizes are more susceptible to the debilitating effects of overmixing, so that the presence of a mixed phase may either raise power-conversion efficiency by as much as 100% or lower it by as much as 50%, depending on the average domain size and the extent of mixing. These trends suggest that variations in the amount of mixed-composition phase with different processing conditions is one of the key factors that makes optimizing bulk heterojunction OPV devices difficult.
Epidemiology of EML4-ALK translocations in a small, German non-small-cell lung cancer patient cohort.

BACKGROUND Fusions and translocations of the ALK gene are an important genetic marker in different types of cancer and are therapy relevant, especially in lung cancer, as they predict the patient's response to crizotinib therapy. Thereby, EML4-ALK is assumed to be the most frequent fusion of ALK in lung cancer, although ALK is known to be able to fuse with approximately 20 different genes. PATIENTS & METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue from non-small-cell lung cancer patients previously tested positive for EML4-ALK were reanalyzed with three different FISH probe systems that are commercially available. RESULTS We describe a short series of patients with ALK translocations in which a surprisingly high percentage (66%) of non-EML4-ALK fusions were identified in non-small-cell lung cancer despite an estimated low percentage (˜20%) of such translocations. CONCLUSION Depending on the diagnostic method used, those patients could receive a false-negative diagnosis and would miss the chance to benefit from novel crizotinib therapy.
Investigation of the relationship between s-methoprene and deformities in anurans.

Evidence that amphibian deformities are on the rise has prompted a number of researchers to question a variety of natural and man-made substances, including chemicals such as s-methoprene (trademark Altosid), an insect growth regulator applied to water bodies for mosquito control. Despite conclusions reached by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and a considerable body of scientific evidence demonstrating that it is unlikely that s-methoprene or any of its degradation products are causing the high rates of deformities found in Minnesota and other states, concerns persist about potential negative impacts of s-methoprene on nontarget species, specifically anurans. Water analyses in field and laboratory conditions and a comparison of reported Altosid use with reported frog deformities in Minnesota demonstrate that a connection between frog deformities and Altosid use is unlikely. These results indicate that factors other than s-methoprene and its degradation products are contributing to the recent outbreak of frog deformities.
Survey on Secured Multi Sink Data Aggregation Scheme in Mobile Sensing

Smart Mobile phones especially are getting more and more importance in day to day life. These mobile phones are now facilitated with number of applications that are using sensors such as camera, microphone, GPS, accelerometer, ambient light sensor, gyroscope, and so on. With the help of large numbers of individual participants, aggregation which is computed from data is really useful and helps to predict the statistics of Result. Aggregation guarantees more privacy of the data from individual participants. This paper provides a solution for preserving the individual participants privacy by using aggregate function like Sum, Min. Calculation of Sum aggregation is done without releasing the participant’s information. Min aggregation is calculated using Sum aggregation. Min aggregation is nothing but minimum value of data. In this paper, a multi-hop network is considered where, there is a main aggregator at the highest level and mobile nodes are considered at lowest level and in between node sink are used at middle level. This system deals with dynamic leaves and joins in mobile sensing using the timestamp of the participants.
A Universal Session Type for Untyped Asynchronous Communication

In the simply-typed λ-calculus we can recover the full range of expressiveness of the untyped λ-calculus solely by adding a single recursive type U = U → U . In contrast, in the session-typed π-calculus, recursion alone is insufficient to recover the untyped π-calculus, primarily due to linearity: each channel just has two unique endpoints. In this paper, we show that shared channels with a corresponding sharing semantics (based on the language SILLS developed in prior work) are enough to embed the untyped asynchronous π-calculus via a universal shared session type US. We show that our encoding of the asynchronous π-calculus satisfies operational correspondence and preserves observable actions (i.e., processes are weakly bisimilar to their encoding). Moreover, we clarify the expressiveness of SILLS by developing an operationally correct encoding of SILLS in the asynchronous π-calculus. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Process calculi, Theory of computation → Linear logic
Incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism in 2372 knee and hip replacement patients after discharge: data from a thromboprophylaxis registry in Montreal, Canada

Background Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a recommended anticoagulant for thromboprophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery. Dabigatran etexilate is an oral anticoagulant recognized as noninferior to LMWH. We aimed to assess the incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) after discharge in patients who underwent joint replacement, using a hospital registry. Patients and methods Patients who underwent total knee and hip arthroplasty between September 2011 and March 2015 were selected. Subcutaneous enoxaparin (30 mg twice daily) was given during hospitalization. At discharge, patients received either enoxaparin 30 mg twice daily/40 mg once daily or dabigatran 220 mg/150 mg once daily. Patients were seen or called at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Outcomes were the number of VTEs, including deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and the number of major/minor bleeding events after discharge. Results After discharge, 1468 patients were prescribed enoxaparin and 904 dabigatran (1396 total knee arthroplasty and 976 total hip arthroplasty patients). Mean age was 66±10 years, and 60% were female. The cumulative incidence of VTEs during the 12-week follow-up was 0.7%. One patient sustained a VTE during the switch window. Seven patients sustained a pulmonary embolism (0.3%). There was no statistical difference between the total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty groups. The incidence of major and minor bleeding events during follow-up was 0.3% and 30.3%, respectively. These events had a higher incidence in the dabigatran group compared to the enoxaparin group after discharge (p<0.05), but not between knee and hip replacement groups for major bleeding events. Conclusion A pharmaceutical prophylaxis protocol using LMWH and dabigatran during the post-discharge period resulted in low incidences of VTE and equivalence between treatments. However, the increased number of major and minor bleeding events in patients taking dabigatran is of concern regarding the safety and needs to be evaluated using analyses adjusted for risk factors.
Financial Planning and the Reality and Requirements of Retirees with Private Pensions

Much has been written about older people who lack private pensions and the role of the state in pension provision. However, it is also important to consider those who have contributed to private pensions. Simply contributing to a private pension does not guarantee a financially comfortable retirement. The research underlying this article, which is based on a telephone survey of 200 people ages 60 to 75 in the United Kingdom who have income from private pensions, focuses on planning for retirement and current standards of living. Although some pensioners are currently benefiting from substantial pension incomes and considerable disposable income, others, who may have made only limited private pension contributions, face a rather different prospect. As people live longer, they will have to increasingly provide for their own futures. This emphasizes the need for people to plan actively for retirement from an earlier age.
Bioreactive Barriers: A Comparison of Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation for Chlorinated Solvent Remediation

A side-by-side comparison of bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and a recirculation-only control was implemented in a chloroethene-contaminated aquifer. The objective was to develop a contaminant mass balance based on the analysis of groundwater and aquifer solids and to quantify key dechlorinating populations during treatment to determine their relation to the rate of chloroethenes removed. The bioaugmentation strategy, using a Dehalococcoides-containing PCE-to-ethene dechlorinating inoculum enriched from the same aquifer, resulted in a near-stoichiometric dechlorination of both sorbed and dissolved chloroethenes to ethene within 6 weeks. In the biostimulation plot, continuous lactate and nutrient injection resulted in dechlorination but only following a 3-month lag period. Molecular tools targeting the 16S rRNA genes of Dehalococcoides and Desulfuromonas spp. were used to qualitatively monitor the distribution and quantitatively (Real-Time PCR) measure the abundance of the dechlorinating populations durin.
Web-based Image Search using Query-Specific Semantic Signatures

: Image re-ranking is a useful method for web-based image search. The search based on only keywords queried by the users is not efficient and results in imprecise output. The web-based image search used by Bing and Google uses image re-ranking. In image re-ranking, users' intention is captured by one-click on the query image. This helps in providing better search results to the users. In this paper, we review the method in which a query keyword is first used to retrieve a plethora of images based on the keyword. Image re-ranking framework automatically learns different semantic spaces offline for different query keywords. To get semantic signatures for images, their visual features are projected into their related semantic spaces. Images are re-ranked by comparing their semantic signatures and the query keyword during the online stage. The query-specific semantic signatures, in the reviewed paper, significantly improve both the accuracy and efficiency of the re-ranking process. Hence, it is proved to be a better method than the conventional web-based image search techniques.
Role of Semaphorin Signaling During Cardiovascular Development

Semaphorins are a family of secreted and membrane‐bound molecules that play critical functions in diverse biological processes. [1][1], [2][2], [3][3], [4][4], [5][5], [6][6], [7][7], [8][8], [9][9] SEMA1A/Fasciclin IV is the founding member of the semaphorin family and was first reported in 1992
Implementations of Virtual Reality for Anxiety-Related Disorders: Systematic Review

Background Although traditional forms of therapy for anxiety-related disorders (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT) have been effective, there have been long-standing issues with these therapies that largely center around the costs and risks associated with the components comprising the therapeutic process. To treat certain types of specific phobias, sessions may need to be held in public, therefore risking patient confidentiality and the occurrence of uncontrollable circumstances (eg, weather and bystander behavior) or additional expenses such as travel to reach a destination. To address these issues, past studies have implemented virtual reality (VR) technologies for virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) to provide an immersive, interactive experience that can be conducted privately and inexpensively. The versatility of VR allows various environments and scenarios to be generated while giving therapists control over variables that would otherwise be impossible in a natural setting. Although the outcomes from these studies have been generally positive despite the limitations of legacy VR systems, it is necessary to review these studies to identify how modern VR systems can and should improve to treat disorders in which anxiety is a key symptom, including specific phobias, posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and paranoid ideations. Objective The aim of this review was to establish the efficacy of VR-based treatment for anxiety-related disorders as well as to outline how modern VR systems need to address the shortcomings of legacy VR systems. Methods A systematic search was conducted for any VR-related, peer-reviewed articles focused on the treatment or assessment of anxiety-based disorders published before August 31, 2017, within the ProQuest Central, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES databases. References from these articles were also evaluated. Results A total of 49 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 2419 studies. These studies were a mix of case studies focused solely on VRET, experimental studies comparing the efficacy of VRET with various forms of CBT (eg, in vivo exposure, imaginal exposure, and exposure group therapy), and studies evaluating the usefulness of VR technology as a diagnostic tool for paranoid ideations. The majority of studies reported positive findings in favor of VRET despite the VR technology’s limitations. Conclusions Although past studies have demonstrated promising and emerging efficacy for the use of VR as a treatment and diagnostic tool for anxiety-related disorders, it is clear that VR technology as a whole needs to improve to provide a completely immersive and interactive experience that is capable of blurring the lines between the real and virtual world.
Widespread anatoxin-a detection in benthic cyanobacterial mats throughout a river network

Benthic algae fuel summer food webs in many sunlit rivers, and are hotspots for primary and secondary production and biogeochemical cycling. Concerningly, riverine benthic algal assemblages can become dominated by toxic cyanobacteria, threatening water quality and public health. In the Eel River in Northern California, over a dozen dog deaths have been attributed to cyanotoxin poisonings since 2000. During the summers of 2013–2015, we documented spatial and temporal patterns of cyanotoxin concentrations in the watershed, showing widespread distribution of anatoxin-a in benthic cyanobacterial mats. Solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers were deployed weekly to record dissolved microcystin and anatoxin-a levels at 10 sites throughout the watershed, and 187 Anabaena-dominated or Phormidium-dominated cyanobacterial mat samples were collected from 27 locations to measure intracellular anatoxin-a (ATX) and microcystins (MCY). Anatoxin-a levels were higher than microcystin for both SPATT (mean MCY = 0.8 and ATX = 4.8 ng g resin-1 day-1) and cyanobacterial mat samples (mean MCY = 0.074 and ATX = 1.89 μg g-1 DW). Of the benthic mats sampled, 58.9% had detectable anatoxin-a (max = 70.93 μg g-1 DW), while 37.6% had detectable microcystins (max = 2.29 μg g-1 DW). SPATT cyanotoxin levels peaked in mid-summer in warm mainstem reaches of the watershed. This is one of the first documentations of widespread anatoxin-a occurrence in benthic cyanobacterial mats in a North American watershed.
THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN SRI LANKA : AN EVALUATION USING THE BALANCED

Author’s Details: Weerasooriya.W. M.R. B.1: Doctoral Student, School of Graduate Studies, Management & Science University, Malaysia. Prof.Dr. Ali Khatibi.2: Faculty of Business and Professional Studies, Management & Science University, Malaysia. Dr.Alwis. A.C. De3: Department of Human Resources Management, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Abstract This purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic planning, based on the balanced scorecard concept, to emphatically investigate the training and educational non-government organizations in Sri Lanka. This study aims at performance effectiveness made using the multiple perspectives of the balanced scorecard (Robert S. Kaplan & David P. Norton, 1992 a). A fifth dimension was added to the balanced scorecard, developed originally by Niven (2008), which is volunteers’ development. Fifty executives were selected from the Sri Lankan training and educational non-government organizations for this study. Results however, did not show that most of the Sri Lankan non governments are fully aware of the BSC as a tool for assessing their performance effectiveness. A statistically significant difference was found in four out of five domains embraced by the BSC performance effectiveness scale and four out of seven hypotheses were supported to the performance effectiveness model. The NGO’s sector in Sri Lanka is highly fragmented and lacks the formal means necessary for effective performance reporting.
Selective Scheduling Based on Number of Processor Cores for Parallel Processing

: Scheduling is essential for the proper functioning of multi-core processors for parallel processing. Scheduling of tasks onto multi-core processors is an interesting problem that is well defined and documented in the literature. Multi-core processor systems are increasingly commonplace, and have found their way into desktop machines, laptops, and even mobile devices. The rise of the multi-core processor, in which multiple CPU cores are packed onto a single chip, is the source of this proliferation. These chips have become popular as computer architects have had a difficult time making a single CPU much faster without using too much power.With the advent of multi core processors, there is a need to schedule multiple tasks on multiple cores. In this paper we are proposing a new scheduler algorithm which schedules the multiple tasks on multiple cores of a single chip processor. One task is assign to a single core and the one is on another core processor within a single chip processor for parallel processing. The main goal of this work is to allow jobs to scale well with the number of cores. The proposed algorithm will allow each processor core to execute at least one task on single instance of time. This means if the number of processor cores is four then four tasks will be execute simultaneously on all four cores.
Comparative Analysis of SVPWM and DSVPWM Control Techniques for a Single-Phase to Three-Phase Conversion System

This paper presents a Single-phase to Three-phase drive system with two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter and an induction motor. It reduces the harmonic distortion at the input converter side, rectifier switch currents, reduction in the input current processed by parallel connection of rectifiers and reduction of the output voltage processed by series connection of inverters. The pulse pattern for rectifier is generated through pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. The switching pulse for inverter is generated through Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) &Discontinuous space vector pulse width modulation (DSVPWM) techniques and both the techniques are implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the response of the system is observed for SVPWM and DSVPWM.
Democracy in the United States, 2020 and Beyond

Developing a research agenda to support a decade-long process of electoral reform requires, first, determining how ambitious reform goals should be for a single decade. This paper proposes a moderately ambitious goal of a “state of the art” voting infrastructure, in comparison to even more ambitious possibilities, and describes some of its key features - including “war-gaming” exercises to test for vulnerabilities and a Model Code to resolve disputes over the counting of presidential ballots.
Factors Influencing FDI Inflow to India, China and Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis

This article attempts to find out the factors which are significantly related and influence the FDI inflow into China, India and Malaysia during the study period ranging between 1991 and 2010. The objective of FDI is almost the same, but the factors that influence foreign investors when deciding the location of investment are receiving importance and attention. Correlation has been used to study the factors influencing FDI inflow. The study revealed that India and China are very similar, whereas in Malaysia the same factors do not influence inflow of foreign investment to the country. GDP of the country, gross capital formation, capital infrastructure, external debt, export and import volume are the major factors that significantly influence foreign capital inflow into the two highly populated, fast growing Asian countries, that is, China and India. In the case of Malaysia, only domestic investment or gross domestic capital formation is significantly related to its FDI inflow.
The Effects of Projection Undersampling and Number of Projections on Aliasing Artifacts in Ultrasonic Tomographic Images in Air

A through-transmission fan-beam ultrasonic tomography system has been constructed to image solid objects and temperature fields in air. Image reconstruction has been achieved using a filtered backprojection algorithm combined with a re-bin routine and a difference technique. Aliasing artifacts, which arise in the reconstructed images due to projection undersampling, will be investigated and optimum sampling criteria for the minimisation of aliasing artifacts will be suggested.