Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Igdlorssuit Geomagnetic Variation Anomaly in the Rift-Fault Zone of Northern West Greenland

A chain of geomagnetic observatories was established along the west coast of Greenland during the summer of 1972. Very large variations of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field vector, with an amplitude of more than twice the normal field variations, were recorded at the Igdlorssuit observatory in the basalt province of northern West Greenland. The geomagnetic variation anomaly was studied by means of seven field stations in addition to the observatory chain. The anomalous variations have been interpreted as due to a concentration of currents in a highly conducting body in the earth's crust. Model calculations indicate that the body is very narrow with a scale width of the order of 30 km. Across Nugssuaq the strike of the anomaly coincides well with the major fault of Itivdleq and at Igdlorssuit the anomaly follows the fault-bounded belt of basalt comprising the Ubekendt Ejland. The volcanic origin of the West Greenland basalt province has by various authors been related to the opening of the Baffin Bay by continental drift.
Pathogen invasion-dependent tissue reservoirs and plasmid-encoded antibiotic degradation 3 promote within-host plasmid transfer 4 5 6

29 30 Many plasmids encode antibiotic resistance genes. Through conjugation, such plasmids can rapidly 31 disseminate between bacterial strains. Previous work has identified gut-luminal donor/recipient 32 blooms and tissue-lodged plasmid-bearing persister cells of the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica 33 serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) that survive antibiotic-therapy in host tissues, as factors promoting 34 plasmid dissemination among Enterobacteriaceae. However, the buildup of tissue reservoirs and 35 their contribution to plasmid spread await experimental demonstration. Here, we asked if reseeding36 acquisition-invasion cycles by S.Tm could serve to diversify tissue-lodged plasmid reservoirs, and 37 thereby promote plasmid spread. Starting with intraperitoneal mouse infections, we demonstrate 38 that S.Tm reseeding the gut lumen from either growing populations or persisters initiates clonal 39 expansion. ESBL plasmid-encoded gut luminal antibiotic degradation by donors can foster recipient 40 survival under beta-lactam antibiotic treatment, enhancing transconjugant formation upon 41 reseeding. S.Tm transconjugants can subsequently re-enter host tissues introducing the new plasmid 42 into the tissue-lodged reservoir. Population dynamics analyses pinpoint recipient migration into the 43 gut lumen as rate-limiting for plasmid transfer dynamics in our model. Priority effects may limit 44 reservoir formation in host tissues. Once transconjugant reservoirs are formed, persisters and 45 chronically infecting transconjugant populations may serve complementary functions. The former are 46 more numerous and may be more efficient vehicles promoting plasmid spread, while persister 47 subpopulations guarantee plasmid reservoir maintenance even if the reservoir lacks appropriate 48 resistance genes. Overall, our proof of principle data indicates that luminal antibiotic degradation 49 and shuttling between the gut lumen and tissue-resident reservoirs can promote the accumulation 50 and spread of plasmids within a host over time. 51 52 53 54
Feature Elimination in Kernel Machines in moderately high dimensions

We develop an approach for feature elimination in statistical learning with kernel machines, based on recursive elimination of features.We present theoretical properties of this method and show that it is uniformly consistent in finding the correct feature space under certain generalized assumptions.We present four case studies to show that the assumptions are met in most practical situations and present simulation results to demonstrate performance of the proposed approach.
Methods of nutritional assessment and functional capacity in the identification of unfavorable clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer: a systematic review.

CONTEXT Malnutrition has a negative impact on patients with cancer. Identifying risk, nutritional status, and functional capacity can contribute to adequate and early nutritional therapy, which can reduce unfavorable clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and summarize the main instruments of nutritional assessment and functional capacity and associate their results with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Studies in which researchers evaluated and compared screening, nutritional assessment, and functional capacity instruments and their associations with clinical outcomes were included. DATA EXTRACTION The data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. RESULTS A total of 29 studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 20 441 individuals). The Nutritional Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) were the most common tools used for nutritional assessment. High nutritional risk according to the NRS-2202 and worse nutritional status according to the PG-SGA and Subjective Global Assessment were positively associated with a longer hospital stay and mortality. Low functional capacity, according to handgrip strength, was associated with longer hospital stay and nutrition impact symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Tools such as the NRS-2002, PG-SGA, Subjective Global Assessment, and handgrip strength assessment are efficacious for assessing unfavorable clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer.
Seismic imaging of the shallow subsurface with high frequency seismic measurements

Elastic wave propagation in highly heterogeneous media is investigated and theoretical calculations and field measurements are presented. In the first part the dynamic composite elastic medium (DYCEM) theory is derived for one-dimensional stratified media. A self-consistent method using the scattering functions of the individual layers is formulated, which allows the calculation of phase velocity, attenuation and waveform. In the second part the DYCEM theory has been generalized for three-dimensional inclusions. The specific case of spherical inclusions is calculated with the exact scattering functions and compared with several low frequency approximations. In the third part log and VSP data of partially water saturated tuffs in the Yucca Mountain region of Nevada are analyzed. The anomalous slow seismic velocities can be explained by combining self-consistent theories for pores and cracks. The fourth part analyzes an air injection experiment in a shallow fractured limestone, which has shown large effects on the amplitude, but small effects on the travel time of the transmitted seismic waves. The large amplitude decrease during the experiment is mainly due to the impedance contrast between the small velocities of gas-water mixtures inside the fracture and the formation. The slow velocities inside the fracture allow an estimation of aperture and gas concentration profiles.
Development And Preclinical Evaluation Of Preparation Effectiveness For The Treatment Of Hard Tooth Tissues After Temporary Filling Removal

Objective: The purpose of this study was development and preclinical study of the effectiveness of antiseptic liquid for the purification of dentinal tubules. Liquid application is planned after extraction from the prepared carious cavity of a temporary filling. According to the recommendations of clinicians, liquid should be sufficiently flowable to penetrate the lumen of the dentinal tubules and wash out fragments of temporary filling materials. At the same time, having an antiseptic effect, it should not change the strength characteristics of tooth hard tissues. Materials and Methods: Teeth, removed by orthodontic indications, were sealed with Clip Tripack materials (VOCO, Germany) and Restavrin Tempo (Tehnodent, Russia). Sealed teeth were kept in distilled water. Temporary fillings made of Clip Tripack materials and Restavrin Tempo were removed with an excavator from the teeth. Teeth were divided into two groups. The cavities of the first group of teeth were washed with one of the 12 variants of the test fluid, they were longitudinally sawn, and the surface of the cavity was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The cavities of the second group of teeth were washed with one of the 12 variants of the ultrasound-controlled test fluid, sawed, and microscopized. Visualization assessed the purity of the dentinal canal lumens. In addition, the antiseptic potential of 12 variants of the test liquid was evaluated. Results: Five variants of the ratio of components of antiseptic liquid for cleaning dentinal tubules from the remnants of the temporary filling material correspond to the task in hand. Conclusion: Antiseptic liquid for cleaning the dentinal tubules, made according to the compositions, in the described variants No. 1, 4, 5, 7, and 10, allows to effectively remove the remnants of the temporary filling material from the lumens of the dentinal tubules. Ultrasound activation reduces the evaporation time of the antiseptic liquid, which reduces the time of the cleaning procedure, and as a consequence, the patient’s stay in the chair, while not reducing its effectiveness.
Relação entre o Multivariate Enso Index (MEI) e a TSM das regiões dos Niños com a precipitação em regiões homogêneas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

On Rio Grande do Sul the seasons of the year are well defined being felt, in its peculiar characteristics, in the winter, in the spring, in the summer and in the autumn. The pluviometric regime is quite regular and the precipitations are well distributed during all the year on the State. The Multivariate Enso Index (MEI) lacks of a study about its relations with the precipitation. It is a numeric index that integrates the action of different factors that characterize the phenomenon and that oscilate between positive values for the warm phase, the El Nino, and negative values for the cold phase, the La Nina. It considers, in its composition, the following variables: sea level pressure, zonal and meridional wind components at the surface, the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), the air temperature at the surface and a cloudiness indicator. This work had the objective to study the relations between the MEI and the SST of the Nino regions with the precipitations on Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, it were utilized total monthly data of precipitation from 40 meteorological stations of Rio Grande do Sul, bimonthly data of MEI and SST of the Nino regions for the period 1950 to 2002. The correlation coefficients between the precipitation of the Rio Grande Do Sul with the MEI and the regions of the Ninos showed low values due to the fact of if using only the months of the beginning and end of the event. The MEI, although to be a more complex index of the methodologic point of view, it does not improve the coefficients of correlation with the precipitation of the State of the Rio Grande do Sul, and it always presents lesser or equal values to obtained when using the TSM of the regions of the Ninos in the out/nov and nov/dez coupled of months. The MEI and the Ninos regions 3 and 3.4 present the highest correlation coefficient with the Rio Grande do Sul State precipitation for the bimonths oct/nov and nov/dec.
Incorporating Naturalistic Correlation Structure Improves Spectrogram Reconstruction from Neuronal Activity in the Songbird Auditory Midbrain

Birdsong is comprised of rich spectral and temporal organization, which might be used for vocal perception. To quantify how this structure could be used, we have reconstructed birdsong spectrograms by combining the spike trains of zebra finch auditory midbrain neurons with information about the correlations present in song. We calculated maximum a posteriori estimates of song spectrograms using a generalized linear model of neuronal responses and a series of prior distributions, each carrying different amounts of statistical information about zebra finch song. We found that spike trains from a population of mesencephalicus lateral dorsalis (MLd) neurons combined with an uncorrelated Gaussian prior can estimate the amplitude envelope of song spectrograms. The same set of responses can be combined with Gaussian priors that have correlations matched to those found across multiple zebra finch songs to yield song spectrograms similar to those presented to the animal. The fidelity of spectrogram reconstructions from MLd responses relies more heavily on prior knowledge of spectral correlations than temporal correlations. However, the best reconstructions combine MLd responses with both spectral and temporal correlations.
Time pressure and the wellbeing of parents with young children in Australia

Parental time pressure, in terms of actual workload and subjective reports, is high and likely to increase in the future, with ongoing implications for personal wellbeing. The combination of parenting young children and maternal employment, in particular, gives rise to greater time pressure in families. Although characterised by increasing diversity, two of the most time pressured family types, dual-earner and lone parent families are central features in the Australian demographic landscape. In view of predominant social and cultural trends, the ‘problem’ of time pressure is deep-rooted and set to grow. While the need to address ‘work-family balance’ is prominent in political and social life, the relationship between time pressure and wellbeing has not been well quantified and we know little about how that relationship works in families. At the heart of the time pressure problem, is a potential threat to the healthy development of children. This thesis, then, is broadly concerned with the nature of time pressure and its relationship with parental wellbeing when they are caring for young children. The central aim of the thesis is to determine whether time pressure has a significant impact on the self-reported wellbeing of parents with young children. There are four main research questions. Time pressure is defined as being both objective (‘parental time use’) and subjective in nature (‘parental perceptions about their time’). The questions are: (1) What is the relationship between parental time use and parental perceptions about their time? (2) How do parental time use and parental perceptions about their time relate to their self-reported wellbeing? (3) Are the effects of parental time use and parental perceptions about their time on self-reported wellbeing modified by other perceived stressors and psychological coping resources? (4) What are the predictors of self-perceived time pressure? Because of their broad scope, each of these questions is given further focus by the stating of specific sub-components. The study draws from several selected theoretical perspectives and models around the influence of time on individual health and wellbeing. Because the experience of time pressure has multiple interacting levels of influence from the individual through to family, work, and community settings and more widely from the social, political and cultural environment, the thesis is underpinned by ecological theory. To allow
Automated Postediting of Documents

Large amounts of low- to medium-quality English texts are now being produced by machine translation (MT) systems, optical character readers (OCR), and non-native speakers of English. Most of this text must be postedited by hand before it sees the light of day. Improving text quality is tedious work, but its automation has not received much research attention. Anyone who has postedited a technical report or thesis written by a non-native speaker of English knows the potential of an automated postediting system. For the case of MT-generated text, we argue for the construction of postediting modules that are portable across MT systems, as an alternative to hardcoding improvements inside any one system. As an example, we have built a complete self-contained postediting module for the task of article selection (a, an, the) for English noun phrases. This is a notoriously difficult problem for Japanese-English MT. Our system contains over 200,000 rules derived automatically from online text resources. We report on learning algorithms, accuracy, and comparisons with human performance.
The one-minute preceptor: shaping the teaching conversation.

(Fam Med 2003;35(6):391-3. ) Editor’s Note: The “One-minute Preceptor” is a widely accepted teaching model that summarizes important tasks or “microskills. ” In this month’s column, Jon Neher, MD, and Nancy Stevens, MD, MPH, explain the five microskills in the model and give specific suggestions on how office-based teachers can use them in their interactions with learners. I welcome your comments about this feature, which is also published on the STFM Web site at www.stfm. org. I also encourage all predoctoral directors to make copies of this feature and distribute it to their preceptors (with the appropriate Family Medicine citation). Send your submissions to williamh@bcm.tmc. edu. William Huang, MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5510 Greenbriar, Houston, TX 77005-2638. 713-798-6271. Fax: 713-7988472. Submissions should be no longer than 3–4 double-spaced pages. References can be used but are not required. Count each table or figure as one page of text.
Emissions of air pollutants by Canadian wildfires from 2000 to 2004

A wildfire emission model, based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction System and the Canadian weather forecast Global Environmental Multiscale model, was applied to forest fires that occurred in Canada between 2000 and 2004. Emissions of 21 chemical species and injection heights were calculated hourly for a regular 0.4° grid, with injection heights corresponding to the maximum altitude reached by a convective plume over a fire every hour. Wildfire emissions were compared with anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion sources at provincial, territorial and national levels. The 2002 fire season in central Quebec accounted for ~30, 60 and 80% of the annual primary greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide and black carbon emissions respectively for that province. In 2003, fires represented 60 and 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in Manitoba and British Columbia respectively. During the 2004 fire season in north-western Canada, when area burned was above average, fires were responsible for almost all greenhouse gas emissions occurring in the sparsely populated Yukon Territory and Northwest Territories. On average, between 2000 and 2004, fires contributed 10, 30 and 40% of Canadian annual greenhouse gases, CO and black carbon emissions respectively. This methodology for calculating wildland fire emissions is also applicable to other regions of the world.
BRIVA-LIFE – a multicentre retrospective study of the long-term use of brivaracetam in clinical practice

Objectives Evaluate long-term effectiveness and tolerability of brivaracetam in clinical practice in patients with focal epilepsy. This was a multicentre retrospective study. Patients aged ≥16 years were started on brivaracetam from November 2016 to June 2017 and followed over 1 year. Data were obtained from medical records at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment initiation for evaluation of safety- and seizure-related outcomes. At of reported AEs, with 8.9% discontinuing due to AEs. These results are in keeping with findings of the three aforementioned retrospective series, 9–11 and with those of a meta-analysis, which found BRV, LEV and gabapentin to have the best tolerability profiles among newer AEDs. 24 Adverse events reported by  5% of patients were somnolence, dizziness, headache, and fatigue in the BRV pivotal trials 18 and somnolence, irritability, dizziness and fatigue in the current study. Importantly, no syndrome, were observed.
Temperature sensitivity as an explanation of the latitudinal pattern of green‐up date trend in Northern Hemisphere vegetation during 1982–2008

The vegetation green‐up date (GUD) is widely expected to advance to an earlier date in the year in response to increasing spring temperature. However, although it is well known that climatic warming has been more intensive at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, it is not known whether this greater climatic warming at higher latitudes has led to a greater advance of vegetation GUD during the past few decades. We have first determined GUD from the satellite‐derived greenness vegetation index for all the vegetated land between 30 and 75°N from 1982 to 2008, and then investigated the latitudinal pattern of the inter‐annual trend of GUD and its relation to pre‐season temperature. The results show a generally greater GUD advance in lower latitudes, in spite of the faster increase in pre‐season temperature in higher latitudes. We find that 88% of the latitudinal variability in the GUD trend can be explained by the sensitivity of the GUD response to pre‐season temperature. The GUD change has also resulted in a northward shift of GUD isolines by 1°–4° between 50 and 65°N during the period. These findings highlight the sensitivity of vegetation response to temperature in shaping the spatial pattern of spring phenological change and suggest that temperate ecosystems may experience greater phenological change if the current latitudinal pattern of climatic warming continues.
A latitude-depth, circulation-biogeochemical ocean model for paleoclimate studies. Development and sensitivities

We extend a zonally-averaged, global ocean circulation model to include a simple description of the cycles of organic carbon and CaCO 3 . The circulation in the model is first calibrated so that basin mean vertical profiles of temperature, salinity and radiocarbon agree closely with data for the modern oceans. Then, the capability of the model to reproduce the observed largescale distribution of five biogeochemical tracers (phosphate, oxygen, total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (ALK) and d13C of DIC) is investigated. If organic carbon is transported only as fast-sinking particles with a remineralization profile constrained from sediment trap data, large PO 4 excesses and anoxia are simulated in subsurface waters in the equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans. As in 3-dimensional models, these features disappear if a significant fraction (s) of organic carbon is allowed to be exported away from production sites as labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC l ). With s=0.5 and an ocean mean DOC l of 10 mmol m’3, the latitude-depth distributions of PO 4 and apparent O 2 utilization in the diVerent basins are in agreement with climatological data. The basin mean vertical profiles of DIC, ALK and d13C DIC compare favourably with observations in the modern oceans. The model predicts a global new production of 6.3‐10.8 GtC yr’1, a rate consistent with data- and model-based estimates.
Perception measures for digital restoration of semi-transparent blotches

This paper presents a novel model for the restoration of semitransparent blotches. It is based on two perception measures that describe a complicated object, like a semi-transparent blotch, on a complicated background, like textures in real-world images. Experimental results on archive photographs show that the proposed approach is able to achieve good results with a low computational effort and in a completely automatic way.