Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progressive Prothrombotic State in Women With Advancing HIV Disease

Background: HIV-infected patients are at increased risk for venous thrombotic events (VTEs). We sought to determine if advancing stages of HIV were associated with coagulation abnormalities that could predispose to VTE. Methods: Functional protein S, factor VIII activity, and lupus anticoagulant were assayed in 144 participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Women with conditions associated with VTE (cancer, pregnancy, hormone use, acute infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease) were excluded. Subjects included 34 women with history of clinical AIDS, 11 with immunologic AIDS (CD4 count, <200 cells/dL), 49 with asymptomatic HIV, and 50 HIV-negative comparators. Results: We found progressive decreases in protein S, when comparing HIV-negative women (median, 76%) to women with asymptomatic HIV (median, 67%), immunologic AIDS (median, 62%), or clinical AIDS (median, 46%; P < 0.0001). Similarly, advancing HIV was associated with stepwise increases in factor VIII, from a median of 116% in HIV-negative women to 149% in those with asymptomatic HIV, 196% in those with immunologic AIDS, and 211% in those with clinical AIDS (P < 0.0001). No subject had lupus anticoagulant. Conclusions: Advancing HIV is associated with progressive abnormalities of protein S and factor VIII; both of which are associated with increased risk for VTE, thus providing a biologic mechanism for the increased prevalence of VTE in HIV.
Unsupervised fault diagnosis method based on iterative multi‐manifold spectral clustering

Fault diagnosis is very important to the modern manufacturing system. As a powerful data-driven method, machine learning (ML) has been widely used for fault diagnosis. However, a certain amount of labelled data is essential to most of the ML methods, which is not always available. In this study, an unsupervised fault diagnosis method based on iterative multi-manifold spectral clustering (IMMSC) is proposed. The IMMSC, that the affinity matrix is constructed based on local tangent space, can improve the performance of spectral clustering on multi-manifold distributed data. The IMMSC is conducted after feature extraction to divide data into different clusters first. Then local outlier factor is utilised to identify the normal condition. A fault index is found to recognise the fault conditions. The proposed IMMSC is tested on five simulation datasets and the proposed method is validated on the motor bearing dataset provided by Case Western Reserve University. The mean accuracy of IMMSC on simulation data is 97.85%, which outperforms the other spectral clustering and traditional methods. Furthermore, the result of the IMMSC is stable over 30 individual tests. The mean accuracy of the proposed method on motor bearing dataset is 98.53%. The result demonstrates its potential in fault diagnosis field.
Cross-correlations between WTI crude oil market and U.S. stock market: A perspective from econophysics

In this study, we take a fresh look at the cross-correlations between WTI crude oil market and U.S. stock market from the perspective of econophysics. We choose the three major U.S. stock indices (i.e., DJIA, NASDAQ and S&P 500) as the research objects and select the sample data from Jan 2, 2002 to Jun 29, 2012. In the empirical process, first, using a statistical test in analogy to the Ljung-Box test, we find that there are cross-correlations between WTI and DJIA, WTI and NASDAQ, and WTI and S&P 500 at the 5% significance level. Then, employing the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) method, we find that the cross-correlated behavior between WTI crude oil market and U.S. stock market is nonlinear and multifractal. An interesting finding is that the cross-correlation exponent is smaller than the average scaling exponent when q 0. Finally, using the rolling windows method, which can capture the dynamics of cross-correlations, we find that there are three special periods whose time-varying Hurst exponents are dierent from the others.
Biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery after a minor transport-related injury: protocol for a systematic review

Introduction Globally, road transport accidents contribute substantially to the number of deaths and also to the burden of disability. Up to 50 million people suffer a transport-related non-fatal injury each year, which often leads to long-term disability. It has been shown that substantial number of people with minor injuries struggle to recover and the reasons are still not well explored. Despite the high prevalence, little is known about the factors hindering recovery following minor traffic-related injuries. The aim of this paper is to present a protocol for the systematic review aiming to understand biopsychosocial factors related to non-recovery and identify current gaps in the literature. Methods and analysis The review will be conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol guidelines. A search of the electronic databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, will be undertaken, in addition to Google Scholar and grey literature to identify studies in period from 2006 to 2016. Quantitative and qualitative research articles describing and identifying biopsychosocial factors associated with non-recovery and health outcomes such as pain, disability, functional recovery, health-related quality of life, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and return to work will be included. A conceptual framework developed to identify biopsychosocial factors will be applied to assure defined criterion. At present, there is little anticipation for meta-analyses due to the heterogeneity of factors and outcomes assessed. Therefore, a narrative synthesis based on study findings will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. Review results will be published as a part of thesis, peer-reviewed journal and conferences. Trialregistration number PROSPEROregistration number: CRD42016052276.
Impact of Weather Regimes on the Wind Power Ramp Forecast in Portugal

Short-term forecasting and diagnostic tools for severe changes of wind power production (power ramps) may provide reliable information for a secure power system operation at a small cost. Understanding the underlying role of the synoptic weather regimes (WRs) in triggering the wind power ramp events can be an added value to improve and complement the current forecast techniques. This work identifies and classifies the WRs over mainland Portugal associated with the occurrence of severe wind power ramps. The most representative WRs are identified on compressed surface level atmospheric data using principal component analysis by applying K-means clustering. The results show a strong association between some synoptic circulation patterns and step variations of the wind power production indicating the possibility to identify certain WRs that are prone to trigger severe wind power ramps, thus opening the possibility for future development of diagnostic warning systems for system operators use.
Role of the Specific Interaction of UL112-113 p84 with UL44 DNA Polymerase Processivity Factor in Promoting DNA Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus

ABSTRACT The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL112-113 region encodes four phosphoproteins with common amino termini (p34, p43, p50, and p84) via alternative splicing and is thought to be required for efficient viral DNA replication. We have previously shown that interactions among the four UL112-113 proteins regulate their intranuclear targeting and enable the recruitment of the UL44 DNA polymerase processivity factor to viral prereplication foci. Here, we show that in virus-infected cells, the UL112-113 proteins form a complex with UL44 and other replication proteins, such as UL84 and IE2. In vitro assays showed that all four phosphoproteins interacted with UL44. Interestingly, p84 required both the shared amino-terminal region and the specific near-carboxy-terminal region for UL44 binding. UL44 required both the carboxy-terminal region and the central region, including the dimerization domain for p84 binding. The production of recombinant virus from mutant Towne bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNA, which encodes intact p34, p43, and p50 and a carboxy-terminally truncated p84 defective in UL44 binding, was severely impaired compared to wild-type BAC DNA. A similar defect was observed when mutant BAC DNA encoded a carboxy-terminally truncated UL44 defective in p84 binding. In cotransfection replication assays using six replication core proteins, UL84, IE2, and UL112-113, the efficient replication of an HCMV oriLyt-containing plasmid required the regions of p84 and UL44 necessary for their interaction. Our data suggest that the UL112-113 proteins form a complex with other replication proteins such as UL44, UL84, and IE2 and that the specific interaction of UL112-113 p84 with UL44 is necessary for efficient viral DNA replication.
Becoming an entrepreneur: a diversity of factors, types and pathways

This paper is the result of a research focused on the study of entrepreneurial patterns, contexts and experiences. Its particular objectives are the analysis of the different pathways to become an entrepreneur. On the basis of in-depth interviews to women and men entrepreneurs about their individual trajectories, a typology of access to entrepreneurship is proposed. This categorisation expresses different combinations of social factors and places particular emphasis on the effects that gender and qualifications have on the decision to become self-employed, without neglecting the importance of socioeconomic circumstances, interpersonal networks and family relationships.
Chest X‐ray screening for lung cancer: Overdiagnosis, endpoints, and randomized population trials

Publication of the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) generated excitement by concluding that CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality when compared to chest X‐ray (CXR) screening. In contrast, CXR screening has long been considered to be ineffective. This is because randomized population trials (RPTs) have failed to demonstrate significant mortality reductions in populations randomized to CXR screening. While these studies demonstrate that CXR screening is associated with significant survival advantages, these advantages have been widely interpreted as spurious, due to the inference that CXR screening leads to substantial lung cancer overdiagnosis. Indeed, the reality of the overdiagnosis hypothesis is the only alternative to the conclusion that CXR screening was effective in these trials and that survival more accurately reflected the benefit of CXR screening than mortality. Mortality comparisons would be biased if randomization fails to create comparison groups with an equal probability of mortality from the target cancer. The objective of this manuscript is to review existing RPTs on CXR screening for lung cancer, and to analyze which endpoint most accurately reflects screening efficacy. We conclude that the evidence supports that CXR screening is superior to no screening, and the magnitude of overdiagnosis is minimal in the context of CXR screening. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:294–300. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Release and recycling of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in guinea‐pig portal vein smooth muscle.

The amplitude of interrupted contractions evoked by noradrenaline or caffeine in Ca2+‐free, high‐K+ solutions containing EGTA or La3+ was determined in small (40‐60 micron thick) bundles of guinea‐pig portal anterior mesenteric vein. Interrupted contractions were produced by removing the stimulating agent as soon as the amplitude of the tension record reached its peak. The distribution of intracellular Ca2+ was determined, with electron probe X‐ray microanalysis, in cryosections of preparations frozen in the relaxed state and at the peak of noradrenaline‐induced contractions. Interrupted contractions of maximal or near‐maximal amplitudes could be evoked every 2 min for up to 15 min in the virtual absence of extracellular Ca2+. If noradrenaline was allowed to remain in the solution throughout the period of spontaneous relaxation, a subsequent contraction could no longer be evoked in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Interrupted contractions, similar to those evoked by noradrenaline, could also be stimulated by caffeine. The amplitude of reproducible interrupted contractions in Ca2+‐free, high‐K+ solution was graded with noradrenaline concentration. The ability of these smooth muscles to contract repeatedly and maximally in Ca2+‐free solutions indicates the recycling of Ca2+ released from an intracellular store. The occurrence of these contractions in high‐K+ (depolarizing) solutions supports the conclusion (Devine, Somlyo & Somlyo, 1972) that the release of intracellular Ca2+ is one of the mechanisms of pharmacomechanical coupling. The number of subplasmalemmal regions in which high Ca concentrations (greater than 10 mmol/kg dry wt.) were detected, with approximately 75 nm diameter electron probes, was reduced in muscles frozen at the peak of contraction, from 4.7/cell periphery in the relaxed to 1.4/cell periphery in the contracted preparations. In freeze‐substituted smooth muscles, in which the membranes of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum could be visualized, the regions containing high Ca were identified as part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.), indicating that the s.r. is the store from which noradrenaline and caffeine release Ca2+.
Individual Differences in Eye Movements During Face Identification Reflect Observer-Specific Optimal Points of Fixation

In general, humans tend to first look just below the eyes when identifying another person. Does everybody look at the same place on a face during identification, and, if not, does this variability in fixation behavior lead to functional consequences? In two conditions, observers had their free eye movements recorded while they performed a face-identification task. In another condition, the same observers identified faces while their gaze was restricted to specific locations on each face. We found substantial differences, which persisted over time, in where individuals chose to first move their eyes. Observers’ systematic departure from a canonical, theoretically optimal fixation point did not correlate with performance degradation. Instead, each individual’s looking preference corresponded to an idiosyncratic performance-maximizing point of fixation: Those who looked lower on the face performed better when forced to fixate the lower part of the face. The results suggest an observer-specific synergy between the face-recognition and eye movement systems that optimizes face-identification performance.
Immunohistological localization of the myelinating cell‐specific receptor LPA1

LPA1 (also termed Edg‐2 or VZG‐1) is a G‐protein–coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid and its gene transcripts have been found selectively expressed by mature myelin‐producing cells. We have raised in rabbit a polyclonal antibody against a sequence unique to LPA1 and common to rat, mouse, and human orthologues. In Western blots, LPA1 immunoreactivity appeared as 44–53 kDa bands in extracts from recombinant RH7777 cells expressing LPA1, mouse purified oligodendrocytes, or human white matter, but not from wild‐type RH7777 cells or purified astrocytes. In glial cultures, LPA1 immunoreactivity was restricted to oligodendrocytes, appeared at cell membrane and processes, colocalized with myelin basic protein, and appeared before myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. In slices of rat and human brains, LPA1 immunoreactivity was found in myelinated tracts, as well as in oligodendrocyte somata and their myelinating fibers. Immunoreactivities of LPA1 and myelin basic protein colocalized in the brain, but oligodendrocyte soma showed stronger signals for LPA1 than myelinated fibers, whereas the reverse was true for myelin basic protein. These results strengthen the view that LPA1 is involved in myelin formation or maintenance. GLIA 38:126–136, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innate anti-viral immunity is associated with the protection elicited by the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) live attenuated virus vaccine in cynomolgus monkeys.

BACKGROUND The Delta-nef live attenuated virus vaccine approach offered in the SIV-macaque model the opportunity to identify humoral and cell-mediated immune responses associated with protection against viral infections. In addition, soluble factors different from those related to specific immune responses appear to correlate with the establishment and maintenance of the protective status. MATERIAL/METHODS Investigated were: 1) the ability of CD8+ T cells from cynomolgus monkeys vaccinated with SIV Delta-nef and long-term protected against sequential SIVs and SHIV challenges to inhibit in vitro SHIV replication in an acute infection cell system, 2) the ability of cell-free supernatants from CD8+ T cell cultures to inhibit replication of HIV in chronically infected cells, and 3) whether the antiviral activity of CD8+ T cells correlated with IFNgamma production. RESULTS Soluble factor(s) secreted by CD8+ T cells from Delta-nef vaccinated monkeys significantly inhibited SHIV replication in an autologous cell system. This effect was not dependent on beta-chemokine secretion and correlated with an increased IFNgamma production. In addition, since supernatants from CD8+ T cells inhibited HIV production in chronically infected monocytic cells, the suppressive activity was not related to the viral strain. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with the live attenuated virus induces both a CD8+ T cell-dependent antiviral activity and IFNgamma responses potentially responsible for the protection from challenge with heterologous highly pathogenic SHIV89.6P. It is conceivable that boosting the "natural" along with the antigen-specific immunity is a desirable outcome to improve the protective efficacy of any vaccine approach.
Classification algorithms for landmine detection using hyperspectral imaging

In this paper we show some preliminary results obtained when applying various supervised classification algorithms for the detection of landmines in hyperspectral images. These classification algorithms already exist in the literature and are usually used for the general purpose of target detection using hyperspectral imaging. Landmines constitute a special case of targets because they are usually rare in the scene, may be covered by other materials (vegetation, sand, etc.) and they are made of different components so they have different reflectance spectra. In this study, we present the most suitable supervised classification techniques for the detection of landmines, their theoretical background and propose possible ways to improve their performance. The comparison between the classification techniques is based on three criteria: Probability of detection, False Alarm Rate and computation time.
Fibrinolysis in Grafted Arteries and Veins

Summary The fibrinolytic activity in autologous artery and vein grafts was studied in cats during a 4-month period. The fibrinolytic activity in the wall of an aortic segment interposed in the caval vein was increased in comparison to the normal aorta. In the corresponding segment of the caval vein interposed in the aorta, the fibrinolytic activity was reduced during the observation time. Thrombosed segments had a decreased activity. No changes were seen in sham operated animals. The plasminogen activator activity in the vessel wall was found to be influenced by the surrounding milieu.
Molecular and cellular processing of lung surfactant 1

Pulmonary surfactant, a complex material that lines the alveolar surface of the lung, is synthesized in the type II pneumocyte. Surfactant consists largely of phospholipids, of which phosphatidylcholine∗∗∗ is by far the most abundant component, and is mainly responsible for surface activity. Surfactant also contains four unique proteins, surfactant protein (SP)‐A, SP‐B, SP‐C, and SP‐D, which are synthesized in a lung‐specific manner. SP‐A and SP‐D are glycoproteins (Mr ã 30,000‐40,000) whereas SP‐B and SP‐C are small (Mr ã 5,000‐18,000), extremely hydrophobic proteolipids released from large precursors by proteolysis. Synthesis of surfactant lipids and proteins is developmentally regulated in fetal lung and can be accelerated by glucocorticoids and other hormones. Developing fetal lung in vivo and in organ culture has been used extensively to study regulation of surfactant synthesis and gene expression. Glucocorticoids stimulate the rate of fetal lung phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and the activity of the rate‐regulatory enzyme, choline‐phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CYT). The hormone, however, does not increase the amount of CYT; there is evidence that the increase in activity is mediated by increased fatty biosynthesis due to enhanced expression of the fatty acid synthase gene. Glucocorticoids also regulate expression of the SP‐A, SP‐B, and SP‐C genes in the late gestation fetal lung. Hormone response elements and other cis‐acting regulatory elements have been identified in the 5‐flanking regions of the SP‐A, SP‐B, and SP‐C genes. Surfactant phospholipids are stored in lamellar bodies, secretory granules in the type II cell, and secreted by exocytosis. Lamellar bodies are also rich in SP‐B and SP‐C but there are conflicting data on the cellular distribution of SP‐A. Secretion of SP‐A may be constitutive and occur independently of lamellar bodies. Phosphatidylcholine secretion is a regulated process, and in isolated type II cells it can be stimulated by physiological and other agents that act via at least three signal‐transduction mechanisms. After secretion, surfactant is transformed into tubular myelin, and the lipid and protein components are separated as the lipid is inserted into a monolayer at the air‐liquid interface. The majority of surfactant is removed from the alveolar space by reuptake into the type II cell by mechanisms that may include receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Some components of surfactant are directly recycled into new surfactant whereas other components are degraded. — ‐Rooney, S. A. , Young, S. L. , Mendelson, C. R. Molecular and cellular processing of lung surfactant. FASEB J. 8: 957‐967; 1994.