Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature reconstructions and comparisons with instrumental data from a tree‐ring network for the European Alps

Ring‐width and maximum latewood density data from a network of high‐elevation sites distributed across the European Alps are used to reconstruct regional temperatures. The network integrates 53 ring‐width and 31 density chronologies from stands of four species all located above 1500 m a.s. l. The development and basic climatic response patterns of this network are described elsewhere (Frank and Esper, 2005). The common temperature signal over the study region allowed regional reconstructions to be developed using principal component regression models for average June–August (1600–1988) and April–September (1650–1987) temperatures from ring‐width and density records, respectively. Similar climatic histories are derived for both seasons, but with the ring‐width and density‐based reconstructions seemingly weighted toward carrying more of their variance in the lower and higher frequency domains, respectively. Distinct warm decades are the 1940s, 1860s, 1800s, 1730s, 1660s and the 1610s, and cold decades, the 1910s, 1810s, 1710s, 1700s and the 1690s. Because of the model fitting and the shorter time spans involved, comparisons between the reconstructions with high‐elevation instrumental data during the majority of the 1864–1972 calibration period show good agreement. Yet, prior to this period, from which only a few low elevation temperature records are available, a trend divergence between tree‐ring and instrumental records is observed. We present evidence that this divergence may be explained by the ring‐width data carrying more of an annual rather than warm‐season signal in the lower frequency domain. Other factors such as noise, tree‐ring standardization, or the more uncertain nature of low‐frequency trends in early instrumental records and their homogenization, might help explain this divergence as well. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Perspectives and Attitudes of General Practitioners Towards Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological COPD Management in a Belgian Primary Care Setting: A Qualitative Study

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous condition that requires multidisciplinary management. In Belgium, the treatment of COPD is mainly managed by general practitioners (GPs). Several clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommend the use of non-pharmacological treatments, such as pulmonary rehabilitation, and interdisciplinary care for COPD patients. Although considerable research has been devoted to addressing the multitude of reasons for the lack of adherence to these aspects of the CPGs, less attention has been paid to understanding the perspectives and attitudes of GPs that lead to this suboptimal implementation. Purpose This study aimed to 1) explore Belgian GPs’ perceptions regarding COPD management in a primary care setting and 2) collect their views on the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation and interprofessional care in COPD management. Methods A descriptive study, conducted between August 2014 and May 2015, used interviews from a sample of 30 Flemish GPs. Data were analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis. Results COPD management was patient-centered, focusing on immediate symptom relief and reducing future risks through pharmacotherapy and proper patient education. Deviations from the CPGs were noted, with only a few GPs performing spirometry themselves. Conditions to prescribe respiratory physiotherapy were not well known. Some GPs remained unconvinced about the (cost-)effectiveness of respiratory physiotherapy despite the fast-expanding scientific evidence. Interprofessional care was limited to GP-respiratory physician (re)-referral and communication. GPs showed a reactive attitude towards interprofessional collaboration for non-pharmacological therapies, which is not in line with the proactive approach recommended in CPGs. Conclusion GPs managed COPD patients mainly by reducing symptoms with pharmacological therapy. Integrated care regarding non-pharmacological treatments was not well implemented due to the obstacles in interprofessional collaboration. Future care models incorporating personalized care planning could provide a solution to manage COPD’s complex healthcare demands.
Multi-stage robust scheme for citrus identification from high resolution airborne images

Identification of land cover types is one of the most critical activities in remote sensing. Nowadays, managing land resources by using remote sensing techniques is becoming a common procedure to speed up the process while reducing costs. However, data analysis procedures should satisfy the accuracy figures demanded by institutions and governments for further administrative actions. This paper presents a methodological scheme to update the citrus Geographical Information Systems (GIS) of the Comunidad Valenciana autonomous region (Spain). The proposed approach introduces a multi-stage automatic scheme to reduce visual photointerpretation and ground validation tasks. First, an object-oriented feature extraction process is carried out for each cadastral parcel from very high spatial resolution (VHR) images (0.5m) acquired in the visible and near infrared. Next, several automatic classifiers (decision trees, multilayer perceptron, and support vector machines) are trained and combined to improve the final accuracy of the results. The proposed strategy fulfills the high accuracy demanded by policy makers by means of combining automatic classification methods with visual photointerpretation available resources. A level of confidence based on the agreement between classifiers allows us an effective management by fixing the quantity of parcels to be reviewed. The proposed methodology can be applied to similar problems and applications.
Future Climate: Projected Average

Global climate models (GCMs) are the fundamental drivers of regional climate-change projections (IPCC 2007). GCMs allow us to characterize changes in atmospheric circulation associated with human causes at global and continental scales. However, because of the planetary scope of the GCMs, their resolution, or level of detail, is somewhat coarse. A typical GCM grid spacing is about 62 miles (100 km) or greater, which is inadequate for creating projections and evaluating impacts of climate change at a regional scale. Thus, a “downscaling” procedure is needed to provide finer spatial detail of the model results.
An analytical model of surface water/groundwater interactions in a western watershed experiencing changes to water and land use

An Analytical Model of Surface Water/Groundwater Interactions in a Western Watershed Experiencing Changes to Water and Land Use Kimberly Peterson Watersheds throughout the western U.S. are experiencing changes to traditional irrigation practices and land use, resulting in changes to surface and groundwater hydrology. Teton Valley, in eastern Idaho and western Wyoming, is typical of western alluvial-fill valleys bounded by mountain ranges, in this case the Teton Range to the east, the Big Hole Mountains to the west, and the Snake River Range to the south. The primary water supply is snowmelt from the Teton Range, which flows to the Teton River in six major tributaries. In the late 19th century, homesteaders began diverting water from these tributaries for irrigated agriculture, which has been the dominant land use for the last century. Prior to the 1970s, conveyance occurred in earthen canals, and application occurred via flooding and other direct methods. In the late 20th century, most surface application was converted to sprinkler application, although most conveyance still occurs in the earthen canals. I developed an analytical model to investigate surface flows in the tributaries, as well as groundwater recharge, under five water management scenarios: the natural system (no irrigation), historical flood irrigation, actual 1979-2008 irrigation practices, 90% of irrigated land using sprinkler application (current condition), and future potential replacement of earthen canals with pipelines. I found that surface flow through the tributaries was highest under the natural scenario, at 73% of total inflow, and lowest under the flood irrigation scenario at 46%. Under the three irrigation scenarios that use canal conveyance, 46% to 49% of the water diverted was recharged to the shallow aquifer. Irrigation efficiencies for these scenarios
Towards Democratizing Secure Enclave Programming

— Secure enclaves, like Intel SGX, provide a means to process data securely on third-party cloud infrastructure with little or no performance overhead. Developing software that takes advantage of a secure enclave requires, however, to explicitly deal with a number of low-level details such as dedicated IO, custom syscalls, and stringent memory constraints, requiring the expertise needed for system programming, rather than applications. We discuss our recent research that provides a developer-friendly approach to enclave programming—our Java language extension J E . Finally, we outline our vision of a programming framework that brings secure enclave programming at the ﬁngertips of application developers.
REAL SCHUBERT CALCULUS : POLYNOMIAL SYSTEMS AND ACONJECTURE OF SHAPIRO AND SHAPIROFRANK SOTTILEAbstract

Boris Shapiro and Michael Shapiro have a conjecture concerning the Schu-bert calculus and real enumerative geometry and which would give innnitely many families of zero-dimensional systems of real polynomials (including families of overdetermined systems)|all of whose solutions are real. It has connections to the pole placement problem in linear systems theory and to totally positive matrices. We give compelling computational evidence for its validity, prove it for innnitely many families of enumerative problems, show how a simple version implies more general versions, and present a counterexample to a general version of their conjecture. This is a companion paper to 15] and 47], which describe the mathematics involved in two spectacular computations verifying speciic instances of this conjecture. 1. Introduction Determining the number of real solutions to a system of polynomial equations is a challenging problem in symbolic and numeric computation 18, 44] with real world applications. Related questions include when a problem of enumerative geometry can have all solutions real 39] and when may a given physical system be controlled by real output feedback 6, 32, 45]. In May 1995, Boris Shapiro and Michael Shapiro communicated to the author a remarkable conjecture connecting these three lines of inquiry. They conjectured a relation between topological invariants of the real and of the complex points in an intersection of Schubert cells in a ag manifold, if the cells are chosen according to a recipe they give. When the intersection is zero-dimensional, this asserts that all points are real. Their conjecture is false|we give full description and present a counterexample in Section 5. However, there is considerable evidence for their conjecture if the Schubert cells are in a Grassmann manifold. It is this variant which is related to the lines of inquiry above and which this paper is about. Here is the simplest (but still very interesting and open) special case of this conjecture: Let m; p > 1 be integers and let X be a p m-matrix of indeterminates. Let K(s) be the m (m + p)-matrix of polynomials in s whose i; jth entry is
Nitrous oxide emissions from subtropical horticultural soils: a time series analysis

Time series regression models were used to examine the influence of environmental factors (soil water content and soil temperature) on the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from subtropical soils, by taking into account temporal lagged environmental factors, autoregressive processes, and seasonality for three horticultural crops in a subtropical region of Australia. Fluxes of N2O, soil water content, and soil temperature were determined simultaneously on a weekly basis over a 12-month period in South East Queensland. Annual N2O emissions for soils under mango, pineapple, and custard apple were 1590, 1156, and 2038 g N2O-N/ha, respectively, with most emissions attributed to nitrification. The N2O-N emitted from the pineapple and custard apple crops was equivalent to 0.26 and 2.22%, respectively, of the applied mineral N. The change in soil water content was the key variable for describing N2O emissions at the weekly time-scale, with soil temperature at a lag of 1 month having a significant influence on average N2O emissions (averaged) at the monthly time-scale across the three crops. After accounting for soil temperature and soil water content, both the weekly and monthly time series regression models exhibited significant autocorrelation at lags of 1–2 weeks and 1–2 months, and significant seasonality for weekly N2O emissions for mango crop and for monthly N2O emissions for mango and custard apple crops in this location over this time-frame. Time series regression models can explain a higher percentage of the temporal variation of N2O emission compared with simple regression models using soil temperature and soil water content as drivers. Taking into account seasonal variability and temporal persistence in N2O emissions associated with soil water content and soil temperature may lead to a reduction in the uncertainty surrounding estimates of N2O emissions based on limited sampling effort.
Relationships between respiratory and airway resistances and activity-related dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: The aims of the study were: (1) to compare numerical parameters of specific airway resistance (total, sRaw tot , effective, sRaw eff and at 0.5 L ⋅ s - 1 , sRaw 0.5 ) and indices obtained from the forced oscillation technique (FOT: resistance extrapolated at 0 Hz [Rrs 0 Hz ], mean resistance [Rrs mean ], and resistance/frequency slope [Rrs slope ]) and (2) to assess their relationships with dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A specific statistical approach, principal component analysis that also allows graphic representation of all correlations between functional parameters was used. A total of 108 patients (mean ± SD age: 65 ± 9 years, 31 women; GOLD stages: I, 14; II, 47; III, 39 and IV, 8) underwent spirometry, body plethysmography, FOT, and Medical Research Council (MRC) scale assessments. Results: Principal component analysis determined that the functional parameters were described by three independent dimensions (airway caliber, lung volumes and their combina-tion, specific resistance) and that resistance parameters of the two techniques were not equivalent, obviously. Correlative analyses further showed that Raw tot and Raw eff (and their specific resistances) can be considered as equivalent and correlated with indices that are considered to explore peripheral airways (residual volume (RV), RV/ total lung capacity (TLC), Rrs slope ), while Rrs mean and Raw 0.5 explored more central airways. Only specific resistances taking into account the specific resistance loop area (sRaw tot and sRaw eff ) and Rrs slope were statistically linked to dyspnea. Conclusion: Parameters obtained from both body plethysmography and FOT can explore peripheral airways, and some of these parameters (sRaw tot , sRaw eff, and Rrs slope ) are linked to activity-related dyspnea in moderate to severe COPD patients.
Pengenalan Makanan Tradisional Indonesia Beserta Bahan-bahannya dengan Memanfaatkan DCNN Transfer Learning

Pengenalan makanan adalah langkah awal untuk melakukan penilaian diet seseorang. Dalam pengenalan makanan beserta bahan-bahannya, dirasakan kurang diseminasi foto-foto makanan tradisional Indonesia, sehingga peneliti terdorong untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai pengenalan makanan tradisional Indonesia. Peneliti membuat klasifikasi citra makanan yang inputannya merupakan citra makanan tradisional Indonesia. Ekstraksi fitur citra makanan sulit untuk diklasifikasikan karena citra makanan beraneka ragam penampilannya, termasuk tekstur, warna, bentuk dan karakteristik visual lainnya. Penelitian ini meneliti pemanfaatan Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) model EfficientNetB6 dan EfficientNetV2M untuk pengenalan makanan tradisional Indonesia beserta bahan-bahannya. DCNN merupakan metode yang biasa digunakan untuk mendeteksi citra yang komplek. Peneliti mengumpulkan citra makanan tradisional Indonesia secara manual sebanyak 1.202 citra makanan yang berbeda. Terdiri dari 20 jenis makanan tradisional Indonesia. Masing-masing jenis makanan terdapat 50-80 gambar makanan. Data yang digunakan untuk uji klasifikasi makanan adalah 241 data citra makanan di luar data yang digunakan untuk training dan mendapatkan akurasi 83,82% untuk model EfficientNetV2M dan 80,08% untuk model EfficientNetB6. Kemudian pada proses pengujian dalam memprediksi bahan-bahan makanan yang terlihat pada gambar rata-rata mendapatkan 64% untuk model EfficienNetV2M dan 59% untuk model EfficeintNetB6. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode DCNN dengan model EfficientNetV2M dapat mencapai performa terbaik dari model EfficientNetB6.
Geochemical and isotopic constraints on the nature and age of basement rocks from Rockall Bank, NE Atlantic

An isotopic and geochemical reappraisal of samples from Rockall Bank, NE Atlantic, indicates that the granulites and granites present on the Bank have little anity with the Lewisian of NW Scotland, with which they have been previously associated. New Pb, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd data, together with existing K-Ar data, indicate that the rocks formed at about 1625 Ma. Although this is contemporaneous with Late Laxfordian events in NW Scotland, the high model p value of 8.03 indicates that the rocks were not derived by metamorphic reworking of ancient Lewisian crust, but largely represent pristine mantle contributions at this time. In this sense, the Rockall terrane is comparable with the Islay terrane, which has a model p value of 7.9 but is apparently somewhat older (c. 1800Ma). The Rockall basement rocks therefore represent a pre- viously unrecognized crust formation event in the North Atlantic region, and reconstructions of Proterozoic geology will need to take into account the presence of this crustal block of predominantly juvenile mantle-derived material. The Rockall area may also be considered a likely source for the Torridonian sediments of NW Scotland. Our knowledge of the geology of the Rockall Plateau (NE Atlantic, Fig. 1) has not advanced significantly since the review published by Roberts (1975). Subsequent work on the eastern NE Atlantic area has largely concentrated on the development of the Rockall Trough which marks the eastern limit of the Plateau, as summarized by Smythe (1989) and on the development of the volcanic passive margin that marks the
Longitudinal Evolution of Coachees’ Behavioural Responses to Interaction Ruptures in Robotic Positive Psychology Coaching

Robotic mental well-being coaches could be used to help people maintain their well-being, and improve access to mental healthcare. In coaching, the alliance between the coach and coachee is important for the success of the practice. However, this alliance might be negatively affected by interaction ruptures (e.g., the robot making mistakes and the user feeling awkward) that still commonly occur in human-robot interactions. Therefore, robotic coaches should be able to recognize ruptures occurring during their interactions with human users to guarantee the success of the well-being practice. To this aim, we analyse coachee behavioural responses to interaction ruptures during a robotic positive psychology coaching practice and how these behavioural cues evolve over time. We focus our analysis on a dataset we collected in a previous work, where 26 participants interacted with either a QTrobot or a Misty II robot at their workplace over 4 weeks. We undertake a longitudinal analysis of coachees’ multimodal nonverbal cues (i.e., facial expressions, vocal acoustic features, and body pose features) to investigate the contribution of individual modalities for detecting interaction ruptures. Our results show that coachees: i) displayed facial cues of rupture (e.g, laughing at the robot) and suspicion more in the first week than in the last week; ii) talked more and were less silent in the last week than in the previous weeks; and iii) exhibited a higher number of hand-over-face gestures (a cue for self-disclosure) in the last week than in the previous weeks. Our findings aim to inform the development of AI models for multi-modal detection of interaction ruptures which can be used to improve the effectiveness and the success of robotic well-being coaching.
Sonic geography in a nature region

This paper considers the sonic geography of a region since the late nineteenth century, taking material from the Norfolk Broads, a wetland region in eastern England. This area has been defined through competing cultures of nature and leisure, with the presence, absence and nature of sound a key concern. The theme of sonic geography is set within debates concerning the nature of regional identity, moral geographies of conduct in landscape, and uses of the term ‘soundscape’. The paper draws on surveys of sound, travel guides, press reports, private journals and fictional accounts, showing how in the contested valuation of a regional landscape the aesthetic, ecological and social are enfolded through sonic geography.
Cosmological Simulations on a Grid of Computers ∗

The work presented in this paper aims at restricting the input parameter values of the semi-analytical model used in Galics and MoMaF, so as to derive which parameters influence the most the results, e.g., star formation, feedback and halo recycling efficiencies, etc. Our approach is to proceed empirically: we run lots of simulations and derive the correct ranges of values. The computation time needed is so large, that we need to run on a grid of computers. Hence, we model Galics and MoMaF execution time and output files size, and run the simulation using a grid middleware: Diet. All the complexity of accessing resources, scheduling simulations and managing data is harnessed by Diet and hidden behind a web portal accessible to the users. Key-words: Cosmology, N-body simulations, Parallel computing, Local universe, Middleware, Grid-RPC. ∗ This work was developed with financial support from the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) through the LEGO project referenced ANR-05-CIGC-11. This text is also available as a research report of the Laboratoire de l’Informatique du Parallélisme http://www.ens-lyon.fr/LIP. in ria -0 04 31 63 7, v er si on 1 12 N ov 2 00 9 Simulations cosmologiques sur une grille d’ordinateurs Résumé : Les travaux présentés dans cet article visent à restreindre les valeurs des différents paramètres des modèles semi-analytiques utilisés dans Galics et MoMaF, afin de déterminer quels paramètres influencent le plus les résultats. Notre approche est empirique: nous exécutons de nombreuses simulations et déterminons des intervalles de valeurs pour les différents paramètres. Le temps de calcul nécessaire étant très important, nous exécutons ces simulations sur une grille de calcul. Nous modélisons le temps d’exécution et la taille des fichiers issus de Galics et MoMaF, et exécutons les simulations à l’aide d’un intergiciel de grille: Diet. Toute la complexité inhérente aux plates-formes hétérogènes réparties est cachée par Diet derrière un portail web: accès aux ressources, ordonnancement, gestion des données, etc. Mots-clés : Cosmologie, Simulations N-corps, Calcul parallèle, Univers local, Intergiciel, Grid-RPC. in ria -0 04 31 63 7, v er si on 1 12 N ov 2 00 9 Cosmological Simulations on a Grid of Computers 3