Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systemic Inflammatory Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury, Femur Fracture, and Shock: An Experimental Murine Polytrauma Model

Objective. Despite broad research in neurotrauma and shock, little is known on systemic inflammatory effects of the clinically most relevant combined polytrauma. Experimental investigation in an animal model may provide relevant insight for therapeutic strategies. We describe the effects of a combined injury with respect to lymphocyte population and cytokine activation. Methods. 45 male C57BL/6J mice (mean weight 27 g) were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine. Animals were subjected to a weight drop closed traumatic brain injury (WD-TBI), a femoral fracture and hemorrhagic shock (FX-SH). Animals were subdivided into WD-TBI, FX-SH and combined trauma (CO-TX) groups. Subjects were sacrificed at 96 h. Blood was analysed for cytokines and by flow cytometry for lymphocyte populations. Results. Mortality was 8%, 13% and 47% for FX-SH, WD-TBI and CO-TX groups (P < 0.05). TNFα (11/13/139 for FX-SH/WD-TBI/CO-TX; P < 0.05), CCL2 (78/96/227; P < 0.05) and IL-6 (16/48/281; P = 0.05) showed significant increases in the CO-TX group. Lymphocyte populations results for FX-SH, WD-TBI and CO-TX were: CD-4 (31/21/22; P = n.s.), CD-8 (7/28/34, P < 0.05), CD-4-CD-8 (11/12/18; P = n.s.), CD-56 (36/7/8; P < 0.05). Conclusion. This study shows that a combination of closed TBI and femur-fracture/ shock results in an increase of the humoral inflammation. More attention to combined injury models in inflammation research is indicated.
Cyanobacteria Associated with Coral Black Band Disease in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Reefs

ABSTRACT For 30 years it has been assumed that a single species of cyanobacteria, Phormidium corallyticum, is the volumetrically dominant component of all cases of black band disease (BBD) in coral. Cyanobacterium-specific 16S rRNA gene primers and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine the phylogenetic diversity of these BBD cyanobacteria on coral reefs in the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Seas. These analyses indicate that the cyanobacteria that inhabit BBD bacterial mats collected from the Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Seas belong to at least three different taxa, despite the fact that the corals in each case exhibit similar signs and patterns of BBD mat development.
BMP regulates regional gene expression in the dorsal otocyst through canonical and non-canonical intracellular pathways

The inner ear consists of two otocyst-derived, structurally and functionally distinct components: the dorsal vestibular and ventral auditory compartments. BMP signaling is required to form the vestibular compartment, but how it complements other required signaling molecules and acts intracellularly is unknown. Using spatially and temporally controlled delivery of signaling pathway regulators to developing chick otocysts, we show that BMP signaling regulates the expression of Dlx5 and Hmx3, both of which encode transcription factors essential for vestibular formation. However, although BMP regulates Dlx5 through the canonical SMAD pathway, surprisingly, it regulates Hmx3 through a non-canonical pathway involving both an increase in cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activity and the GLI3R to GLI3A ratio. Thus, both canonical and non-canonical BMP signaling establish the precise spatiotemporal expression of Dlx5 and Hmx3 during dorsal vestibular development. The identification of the non-canonical pathway suggests an intersection point between BMP and SHH signaling, which is required for ventral auditory development. Summary: BMP signaling regulates the expression of Dlx5 and Hmx3, transcription factors essential for vestibular development, through the canonical pSMAD pathway and a non-canonical pathway, respectively.
On the concentration of the number of solutions of random satisfiability formulas

Let Z(F) be the number of solutions of a random k‐satisfiability formula F with n variables and clause density α. Assume that the probability that F is unsatisfiable is O(1/log(n)1+δ) for some δ>0 . We show that (possibly excluding a countable set of “exceptional” α's) the number of solutions concentrates, i.e., there exists a non‐random function α↦ϕs(α) such that, for any ε>0 , we have Z(F)∈[2n(ϕs−ε),2n(ϕs+ε)] with high probability. In particular, the assumption holds for all α<1 , which proves the above concentration claim in the whole satisfiability regime of random 2‐SAT. We also extend these results to a broad class of constraint satisfaction problems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 45, 362–382, 2014
Multi-Emotion Estimation in Narratives from Crowdsourced Annotations

Emotion annotations are important metadata for narrative texts in digital libraries. Such annotations are necessary for automatic text-to-speech conversion of narratives and affective education support and can be used as training data for machine learning algorithms to train automatic emotion detectors. However, obtaining high-quality emotion annotations is a challenging problem because it is usually expensive and time-consuming due to the subjectivity of emotion. Moreover, due to the multiplicity of "emotion", emotion annotations more naturally fit the paradigm of multi-label classification than that of multi-class classification since one instance (such as a sentence) may evoke a combination of multiple emotion categories. We thus investigated ways to obtain a set of high-quality emotion annotations ({instance, multi-emotion} paired data) from variable-quality crowdsourced annotations. A common quality control strategy for crowdsourced labeling tasks is to aggregate the responses provided by multiple annotators to produce a reliable annotation. Given that the categories of "emotion" have characteristics different from those of other kinds of labels, we propose incorporating domain-specific information of emotional consistencies across instances and contextual cues among emotion categories into the aggregation process. Experimental results demonstrate that, from a limited number of crowdsourced annotations, the proposed models enable gold standards to be more effectively estimated than the majority vote and the original domain-independent model.
What's So Amazing about Really Deep Thoughts? Cognitive Style and Political Misperceptions

What helps partisans learn uncomfortable truths—ones that contradict partisan points of view? I investigate the roles of two aspects of cognitive style, the need for cognition and the need to evaluate, along with the roles of partisan ambivalence and political awareness. I find that each factor is at times associated with correct knowledge of political facts, but not in consistent ways. For example, the need for cognition is associated with knowledge of comfortable, but not uncomfortable, truths. Other factors, such as partisan ambivalence and political awareness, have similarly mixed effects.
Relação entre Processo de Trabalho e Processo Decisório Individuais: uma Análise a partir do Impacto da Tecnologia da Informação.

This paper aims at investigating the relationship between individual working process and individual decision making process using a survey which analyzes the impact of IT on the work and decision making process of its users. The research was done through 408 questionnaires with bank employees of one of the biggest Brazilian banks. The canonical correlation analysis was used as a multivariate statistical method for assessing linear relationships between different groups of variables. Two instruments were used: the first one measured the perception of users in relation to the impact of IT in productivity, innovation, customer satisfaction and management control. The second one evaluated the impact of IT in the individual decision making process proposed by Simon (1960). With this instrument an analysis of the phases of intelligence, conception, choice, and implementation was made. The results show the existence of a positive relationship between both instruments, highlighting that IT affects the work of its users, as well as their decision making process. Innovation and management control are the variables which affect decision making process the most, demanding special attention from executives.
Rocaglamide-A Potentiates Osteoblast Differentiation by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to bone and cartilage erosion. The inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by the inflammatory factor TNF-α is critical for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. To modulate TNF-α mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation is required to improve therapeutic efficacy of rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we explored the potential role of rocaglamide-A, a component of Aglaia plant, in osteoblast differentiation. Rocaglamide-A prevented TNF-α mediated inhibition of osteoblast differentiation, and promoted osteoblast differentiation directly, in both C2C12 and primary mesenchymal stromal cells. Mechanistically, Rocaglamide-A inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB component p65 protein and the accumulation of p65 in nucleus, which resulted in the diminished NF-κB responsible transcriptional activity. Oppositely, overexpression of p65 reversed rocaglamide-A’s protective effects on osteoblast differentiation. Collectively, rocaglamide-A protected and stimulated osteoblast differentiation via blocking NF-κB pathway. It suggests that rocaglamide-A may be a good candidate to develop as therapeutic drug for rheumatoid arthritis associated bone loss diseases.
SEMLEX-A Framework for Visually Exploring Semantic Query Log Analysis

With organisations, local bodies and governments now releasing large amounts of linked data, there is a great opportunity for users and software agents to look for structured information, serving their information needs. Query logs, preserving such information needs can be harvested to understand what linked data consumers are looking for. Though statistical analysis of such query logs have been employed over the years to improve performance, visualising such analyses can provide a different way of exploration that could be invaluable to researchers, developers and linked data providers for discovering hidden trends and patterns. This paper presents our approach to analyse query logs and introduces SEMLEX, a tool that facilitates visual exploration of semantic query log analysis.
Spacefilling curves and the planar travelling salesman problem

To construct a short tour through points in the plane, the points are sequenced as they appear along a spacefilling curve. This heuristic consists essentially of sorting, so it is easily coded and requires only <italic>O</italic>(<italic>N</italic>) memory and <italic>O</italic>(<italic>N</italic> log <italic>N</italic>) operations. Its performance is competitive with that of other fast methods.
A diagram technique for cumulant equations in biomolecular reaction networks with mass-action kinetics

We present a diagram technique for the derivation of cumulant equations with zero-cumulant closure for the approximate description of biomolecular reaction networks. Our approach is applicable both to the chemical master equation and to the Kramers-Moyal expansion. It allows one to “see” the structure of the equations. This facilitates the investigation of the properties of the approximation and the comparison with other approximation methods. As an example of this, we derive a transparent relation between the cumulant equations for the chemical master equation and for the Kramers-Moyal expansion.
The ANDIX research OS — ARM TrustZone meets industrial control systems security

Security by isolation is a longstanding, widely applied, and useful paradigm for achieving security goals such as data and code integrity, confidentiality, and availability. Security by isolation can be used to create Trusted Execution Environments. These environments provide specific security guarantees to the information processing taking place therein. In an Industrial Control System secure control setting using this approach allows, for example, protecting the integrity of a control algorithm against unauthorized modification and secure monitoring of the veracity of received inputs, even in the face of a subverted communication interface. Here, we introduce ANDIX OS, a security Operating System using the ARM TrustZone architecture to create a Trusted Execution Environment. The ARM TrustZone architecture is a set of security extensions for ARM processors based systems. It is widely in use in mobile phones today. We argue that ARM TrustZone is a technology relevant to the Industrial Control System security setting and that research of its applicability should take place now. To this end we freely provide ANDIX OS as open source for research and also present the results of a case study, where we have used ANDIX OS to solve a concrete problem from a smart maintenance for Industrial Control Systems context. We believe that security for Industrial Control Systems is a pertinent topic and that the use of ARM TrustZone as a security technology that comes almost free with a certain class of ARM based systems is worth studying in this context. Therefore, with ANDIX OS, we provide a suitable tool, and hope that actively encouraging researching the usefuleness and applicability of ARM TrustZone in an Industrial Control System (ICS) context will create more secure Industrial Control Systems in the future.
The Origin of Consciousness

It was a mixture of attention, social tendencies and the right amount of brain-power, that led to the emergence of consciousness. Attention preceded awareness. Attention is a mental process wherein one stimulus representation wins a neuronal competition among other representations (Graziano & Kastner, 2011). Attention evolved as it was necessary in analysing the environment which helped the organism in making optimum decisions, thus conserving its resources and increasing longevity. A gene causing its possessor to give parental care leaves more replica genes in the next generation than an allele having the opposite tendency (Hamilton, 1964). We can expand this statement to include relatives, as even then it could pass on the gene with substantial probability. This could explain the rise of social tendencies. The right amount of brain-power that’s where the mammals come into picture. Vertebrates evolved a brain stem. And an ability to integrate sensations from the environment with one’s immediate goals in order to guide behaviour (sometimes called ’primary consciousness’) springs from the brain stem (Bower, 2007). Furthermore, mammals developed ’bigger’ brains in comparison to the other species Figure 1: Favourable conditions for the emergence of awareness.
Comparative study of the parallel hybrid excited flux-switching machine topology for aerospace generator system

Parallel hybrid excited flux-switching machine combines the advantages of permanent magnet flux-switching machine and electrical excitation flux-switching machine with the controllability of magnetic flux by auxiliary field windings and high torque density. However, influenced by the armature winding inductance of electrical excitation part, output characteristic of the parallel hybrid excited machine is greatly reduced. Hence, another winding form is adopted for electrical excitation flux-switching machine in this paper. It can greatly reduce the armature winding inductance with the magnetic regulation ability unchanged and the comparison is given in details. Moreover, this paper comparatively studies on the electromagnetic performance of four topologies of parallel hybrid excited flux-switching machine and provides reference for the selection of parallel hybrid excited flux-switching topologies.
Assessment of Human and Ecosystem Contamination by Organochlorine Pesticides in Cote d’Ivoire

Pierre Manda1*, Aholia Jean Baptiste Adepo1, Nomane Bernard Goze2 and Djedje Sebastien Dano1 1Laboratory of Toxicology, Research-Training Unit of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University Felix Houphouet Boigny, P. O. Box V 34 Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire 2Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopeia, Research-Training Unit of Sciences of Nature, University Nangui Abrogoua, 02 P. O. Box 801, Abidjan 02, Cote d’Ivoire
HDL-Associated Paraoxonase 1 Gene Polymorphisms as a Genetic Markers for Wide Spread Diseases

© 2012 Pejin-Grubisa, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. HDL-Associated Paraoxonase 1 Gene Polymorphisms as a Genetic Markers for Wide Spread Diseases
[The role and mechanism of CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 in the development of cervical cancer metastasis].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its sole ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) not only actively participate in inflammation, hematopoiesis, infection of HIV, but also play a pivotal role in migration, invasion and metastasis of some malignant tumors. This study was to investigate the role of CXCR4/SDF-1 axis in mediating metastasis in cervical cancer cells through activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its possible mechanism. METHODS Intracellular calcium mobilization was observed under laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. The phospharylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 in HeLa cells after binding of SDF-1alpha to CXCR4 was measured by Western blot. Adhesion of CXCR4/SDF-1 to cervical cancer cells and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) were detected by adhesion assay and gelatin zymography, respectively. RESULTS After SDF-1alpha was bound to CXCR4, a rapid and robust mobilization of intracellular calcium in Hela cells was initiated. The difference between the average baseline fluorescence intensity (FI) and the peak FI was significant (P < 0.01). ERK-1/2 was rapidly phosphorylated in Hela cells after its exposure to SDF-1alpha, and the strongest phosphorylation occurred at 30 min. The adhesion ability of Hela cells to fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) was increased after SDF-1alpha treatment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), while pretreatment of Hela cells with an ERK-1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, decreased adhesion of Hela cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) with the presence of SDF-1alpha (P < 0.05). Increased amounts of active MMP-2 were secreted in response to increased SDF-1alpha concentrations. When the concentration of SDF-1alpha was 800ng/mL, the secretion of active MMP-2 reached the peak and started to decrease afterwards. CONCLUSION CXCR4/SDF-1 participates in tumor invasiveness and metastasis in cervical cancer through regulating the adhesion ability by activating the MAPK signaling transduction pathway and promoting secretion of MMP-2.
New insights on dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis: the role of the scalp follicular infundibulum in effective treatment strategies

Background Pathogenesis of dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis (D/SD) involves Malassezia yeasts, leading to the most widely accepted treatment strategy of topical application of antifungal agents, usually from rinse‐off shampoos. The scalp spatial distribution of Malassezia must be mirrored by the distribution of the active agent to realize the full benefit of the active material.
Characterization of forebrain neurons derived from late-onset Huntington's disease human embryonic stem cell lines

Huntington's disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines carrying atypical and aggressive (CAG60+) HD variants have been generated and exhibit disparate molecular pathologies. Here we investigate two human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines carrying CAG37 and CAG51 typical late-onset repeat expansions in comparison to wildtype control lines during undifferentiated states and throughout forebrain neuronal differentiation. Pluripotent HD lines demonstrate growth, viability, pluripotent gene expression, mitochondrial activity and forebrain specification that is indistinguishable from control lines. Expression profiles of crucial genes known to be dysregulated in HD remain unperturbed in the presence of mutant protein and throughout differentiation; however, elevated glutamate-evoked responses were observed in HD CAG51 neurons. These findings suggest typical late-onset HD mutations do not alter pluripotent parameters or the capacity to generate forebrain neurons, but that such progeny may recapitulate hallmarks observed in established HD model systems. Such HD models will help further our understanding of the cascade of pathological events leading to disease onset and progression, while simultaneously facilitating the identification of candidate HD therapeutics.
SHIFT FROM CHLOROPHYTES TO CYANOBACTERIA IN BENTHIC MACROALGAE ALONG A GRADIENT OF NITRATE DEPLETION 1

A survey of the spatial distribution of benthic macroalgae in a fluvial lake of the St. Lawrence River (Lake Saint‐Pierre, Quebec, Canada) revealed a shift in composition from chlorophytes to cyanobacteria along the flow path of nutrient‐rich waters originating from tributaries draining farmlands. The link between this shift and changes in water quality characteristics was investigated by sampling at 10 sites along a 15 km transect. Conductivity, current, light extinction, total phosphorus (TP; >25 μg P · L−1), and ammonium (8–21 μg N · L−1) remained fairly constant along the transect in contrast to nitrate concentrations, which fell sharply. Filamentous and colonial chlorophytes [Cladophora sp. and Hydrodictyon reticulatum (L.) Bory] dominated in the first 5 km where nitrate concentrations were >240 μg N · L−1. A mixed assemblage of chlorophytes and cyanobacteria characterized a 1 km transition zone where nitrate decreased to 40–80 μg N · L−1. In the last section of the transect, nitrate concentrations dropped below 10 μg N · L−1, and cyanobacteria (benthic filamentous mats of Lyngbya wollei Farl. ex Gomont and epiphytic colonies of Gloeotrichia) dominated the benthic community. The predominance of nitrogen‐fixing, potentially toxic cyanobacteria likely resulted from excessive nutrient loads and may affect nutrient and trophic dynamics in the river.