Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Propositional computability logic II

Computability logic is a formal theory of computational tasks and resources. Its formulas represent interactive computational problems, logical operators stand for operations on computational problems, and validity of a formula is understood as its being a scheme of problems that always have algorithmic solutions. The earlier article “Propositional computability logic I” proved soundness and completeness for the (in a sense) minimal nontrivial fragment CL1 of computability logic. The present article extends that result to the significantly more expressive propositional system CL2. What makes CL2 more expressive than CL1 is the presence of two sorts of atoms in its language: elementary atoms, representing elementary computational problems (i.e. predicates), and general atoms, representing arbitrary computational problems. CL2 conservatively extends CL1, with the latter being nothing but the general-atom-free fragment of the former.
Female Preferences for Male Vocal and Facial Masculinity in Videos

Vocal and facial masculinity are cues to underlying testosterone in men and influence women’s mate preferences. Consistent with the proposal that facial and vocal masculinity signal common information about men, prior work has revealed correlated female preferences for male facial and vocal masculinity. Previous studies have assessed women’s preferences for male facial and vocal masculinity by presenting faces and voices independently and using static face stimuli. By contrast, here we presented women with short video clips in which male faces and voices were simultaneously manipulated in masculinity. We found that women who preferred masculine faces also preferred masculine voices. Furthermore, women whose faces were rated as relatively more attractive preferred both facial and vocal masculinity more than did women whose faces were rated as less attractive. These findings complement other evidence for cross-modal masculinity preferences among women and demonstrate that preferences observed in studies using still images and ⁄ or independently presented vocal stimuli are also observed when dynamic faces and voices are displayed simultaneously in video format.
Recent trends in online mutimedia education for heterogeneous end-user devices based on Scalable Video Coding

This paper overviews the most recent trends and research directions with regard to presenting Region-of-Interest (ROI) multimedia content by using Scalable Video Coding (SVC), which can be especially useful for online multimedia education services in the heterogeneous end-user environment. The advent of a plurality of cheaper and more powerful devices, having the ability to play, create, and transmit video content, has led to a dramatic increase in the multimedia content distribution, especially for engineering educational purposes on both wireline (e.g., cable) and wireless networks. Also, the reduction of cost of digital video cameras along with the development of user-generated content video sites (e.g., YouTube™) stimulated a new user-generated video content sector and made very strong demands for the high-quality and low-delay video communication, especially for online education courses and lectures in the engineering field. In addition, much of the attention in the field of video/multimedia adaptation is currently directed to the SVC, which is an extension of the H.264/AVC video standard. A major requirement for the SVC is to enable encoding of a high-quality video stream that contains one or more subset video streams, each of which can have for example, various temporal and spatial resolutions (i.e., QCIF, CIF, 720p, 1080p) to be presented on heterogeneous user devices, such as mobile/cellular phones, laptops, personal computers, TV sets, and the like. In this work, we focus on online multimedia engineering education by employing Region-of-Interest SVC, thereby enabling to provide an ultimate solution for streaming educational multimedia content to a plurality of heterogeneous end-user devices.
Saliva as a diagnostic tool for periodontal disease: current state and future directions.

In periodontics and implant dentistry, traditional clinical criteria are often insufficient for determining sites of active disease, for monitoring quantitatively the response to therapy or for measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression. Saliva as a mirror of oral and systemic health is a valuable source for clinically relevant information because it contains biomarkers specific for the unique physiological aspects of periodontal ⁄ peri-implant disease, and qualitative changes in the composition of these biomarkers could have diagnostic value by identifying patients with enhanced disease susceptibility, identifying sites with active disease, predicting sites that will have active disease in the future and ⁄ or serving as surrogate end points for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. Although the diagnostic value of saliva has been recognized for some time (50, 51) and potential biomarkers of periodontal ⁄ periimplant disease have been identified in saliva (39, 67, 74), most work carried out to date has failed to provide reliable aids to the clinician. However, the availability of more sophisticated analytic techniques give cause for optimism that saliva will eventually become the tool needed for more precise treatment planning.
Patient Attrition Between Diagnosis With HIV in Pregnancy-Related Services and Long-Term HIV Care and Treatment Services in Kenya: A Retrospective Study

Background:There has been little attention, until recently, to linking women who test HIV positive in pregnancy-related services to long-term HIV care and treatment services. Methods:A retrospective review of routine hospital data was carried out in 2 hospitals in Kenya. Associations between available demographic information and uptake of HIV-related services within 6 months of HIV diagnosis in pregnancy-related services were assessed using logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess time between HIV diagnosis and registration at the HIV clinic. Referrals between pregnancy-related and HIV-related services were observed. Results:At Naivasha hospital, the proportion of women registering at the HIV clinic within 6 months was 17.2% (153 of 892); at Gilgil hospital, it was 35.4% (84 of 237). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated by 40% and 27% of known eligible women in Naivasha and Gilgil, respectively. Non-systematic registration of clients on first contact at the HIV clinic, and restricted availability of services due to costs and opening hours were observed. In Naivasha, year, attendance at multiple pregnancy-related visits, and attendance at antenatal care in Naivasha hospital were associated with registration at the HIV clinic. In Gilgil, year, attendance at multiple pregnancy-related visits, and women being in their first pregnancy were associated with the outcome. Conclusions:Only 4% of women estimated to need HAART for their own care initiated HAART within 6 months of HIV diagnosis. Challenges associated with providing longitudinal care are especially evident in the context of high population mobility. Innovation in service delivery is required to improve uptake of services.
Dinámica discursiva de una profesora de ciencias en una clase sobre conocimiento físico

Recientes estudios de Educación en Ciencias han mostrado una multiplicidad de abordajes teóricos y metodológicos con respecto a la comprensión del proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos en el aula. En alguna medida, todos esos trabajos son respuestas a las críticas dirigidas al modelo de cambio conceptual que imperó en la década del 80, por el hecho de ser un modelo excesivamente racionalista y adoptar como presupuesto implícito la idea de que el alumno debe ser moldeado de acuerdo a la imagen del profesor. Dichas críticas aparecen entre los investigadores del campo de las Ciencias (Solomon, 1989; Pintrich et al., 1993; Cobern, 1996; Mortimer, 1996; Moreira, 1996; Villani y Cabral, 1997; Mortimer, 1998; Villani y Barolli, 2000; Moreira, 2002; Mortimer y Scott, 2002; Barros y Villani, 2004; Villani et al., 2004; Laburú y Carvalho, 2005), en la medida que buscan inspiración en otras áreas del conocimiento, como la Psicología, la Sociología, la Filosofía del lenguaje y el Psicoanálisis, con el objetivo de desarrollar nuestra capacidad explicativa e interpretativa de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, para profun-
An Adaptive Control for Rotating Stall and Surge of Jet Engines - A Function Approximation Approach

Compressor instabilities such as surge and rotating stall are highly unwanted phenomena in operation of jet engines. This is because these two instabilities reduce the performance and cause damage to aircraft engines. In this study, we design a model reference adaptive controller based on the function approximation technique to stabilize these two instabilities. Based upon this scheme, the controller parameters neither are restricted to be constant nor the bounds should be available a priori. The functions of the controller parameters are assumed to be piecewise continuous and satisfy the Dirichlet’s conditions. Furthermore expressing these controller parameters in a finite-term Fourier series, they can be estimated by updating the corresponding Fourier coefficients. A Lyapunov stability approach is implemented to provide the update laws for the estimation of those time-invariant coefficients and guarantees the output error convergence. Therefore, the adaptive controller requires less model information and maintains consistent performance for the system when some controller parameters are disturbed.
Evidence for a Black Hole in a Radio-Quiet Quasar Nucleus

We present the first milliarcsecond-resolution radio images of a radio-quiet quasar, detecting a high brightness temperature core with data from the VLBA. On maps made with lower frequency data from MERLIN and the VLA, jets appear to emanate from the core in opposite directions which correspond to radio emission on arcsecond scales seen with the VLA at higher frequencies. These provide strong evidence for a black hole-based jet-producing central engine, rather than a starburst, being responsible for the compact radio emission in this radio-quiet quasar.
Protein Kinase G-dependent Cardioprotective Mechanism of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition Involves Phosphorylation of ERK and GSK3β*

Sildenafil, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) induces powerful protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. PDE-5 inhibition increases cGMP levels that activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). However, the cause and effect relationship of PKG in sildenafil-induced cardioprotection and the downstream targets of PKG remain unclear. Adult ventricular myocytes were treated with sildenafil and subjected to simulated ischemia and reoxygenation. Sildenafil treatment significantly decreased cardiomyocyte necrosis and apoptosis. The PKG inhibitors, KT5823, guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, 8-(4-chloro-phenylthio) (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPs), or DT-2 blocked the anti-necrotic and anti-apoptotic effect of sildenafil. Selective knockdown of PKG in cardiomyocytes with adenoviral vector containing short hairpin RNA of PKG also abolished sildenafil-induced protection. Furthermore, intra-coronary infusion of sildenafil in Langendorff-isolated mouse hearts prior to ischemia-reperfusion significantly reduced myocardial infarct size after 20 min ischemia and 30 min reperfusion, which was abrogated by KT5823. Sildenafil significantly increased PKG activity in intact hearts and cardiomyocytes. Sildenafil also enhanced the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. All these changes (except Akt phosphorylation) were significantly blocked by KT5823 and short hairpin RNA of PKG. These studies provide the first evidence for an essential role of PKG in sildenafil-induced cardioprotection. Moreover, our results demonstrate that sildenafil activates a PKG-dependent novel signaling cascade that involves activation of ERK and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β leading to cytoprotection.
Selection of currently relevant words: an auditory verbal memory study using positron emission tomography

Clinical and imaging studies have shown that the posterior and anterior parts of the limbic system make distinct contributions to memory processing. Whereas the medial temporal lobes and connected structures are important for learning and recognition of new information, the posterior orbitofrontal cortex appears to be crucial for the selection of currently relevant memories, that is, the ability to distinguish between memories that pertain to ongoing reality and memories that do not. Previous studies demonstrating this dissociation used repeated continuous recognition tasks with visual stimuli. In this H215O positron emission tomography study, we demonstrate that this same organizing principle also applies to auditory verbal information, that is, to the processing of auditorily presented words.
A interatividade como tecnologia de governo da docência no ensino médio

This paper examines contemporary modes of incorporation of teaching in high school in Brazil. Is serving as inspiration of Foucault's analytic theories, it was considered as a condition of possibility for the centrality of techno-scientific knowledge and the advent of the conditions of cognitive capitalism and entering the teaching profession within the plots of contemporary bio-economy. We examine this text one of the technologies of government that lead to contemporary teaching in this stage of Basic Education: interactivity as a way of thinking. The deployment of this technology suggests the creation of interactive teaching, become effective from a pedagogical action politically useful and economically productive. In this sense, learning network, the future as something immediate and interactive professionalism are some of the strategies deployed technology within this government. The consideration of teachers as a public as well as the multiplication of meanings related to the learning society, leading to production of "pedagogy of connection" that in this analysis, the formation of Teaching excel with specific conditions to think, act and communicate . Finally, this article defends the view that interactivity operates as a technology of government optimizing the constitution of contemporary teaching in high school in Brazil.
Answers to Database Queries Concerning Imprecise Information in Logical Fuzzy Relational Databases

An extended fuzzy relational database model is proposed. The proposed model uses first-order logic to express both imprecision and uncertainty in data. A method for measuring the quality of answers to Select-Project-Join (SPJ) queries is described. The method of measurement determines the extent to which how much satisfactory information is provided, and how much extra information is required to a query. The essence of this work is the detailed discussion on sure and maybe information in an extended fuzzy relation to query processing, and its consideration of the redundancy problem.
Lateral hypothalamic involvement in feeding elicited from the ventral pallidum

Intense feeding can be elicited by injections of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline into the medial ventral pallidum (VPm), a basal forebrain structure anatomically interposed between two other feeding‐related brain regions, the nucleus accumbens shell and the lateral hypothalamus (LH). To determine whether the VPm effects changes in feeding behavior through actions on the LH, we examined feeding following unilateral injections of bicuculline into the VPm made either ipsilateral or contralateral to a unilateral excitotoxic lesion of the LH in nondeprived rats. We found that lesions of the LH significantly attenuated feeding induced from the ipsilateral VPm, as compared to sham‐operated controls. In striking contrast, unilateral LH lesions significantly potentiated the feeding response elicited by injections of bicuculline into the contralateral VPm. The ‘ipsilateral–contralateral disruption’ design we used makes it extremely unlikely that our findings could have resulted from nonspecific effects of the lesions. These results suggest that the LH is causally involved in mediating the ingestive effects produced by activation of the VPm, and provide an important insight into the functional circuitry by which basal forebrain structures control food intake in mammals.
A hybrid intelligent system for formulation of BCS Class II drugs in hard gelatin capsules

In this paper, we describe a hybrid intelligent system for formulation of BCS Class II drugs in hard gelatin capsules. Several significant challenges are involved in drug-formulation: the active ingredients and the fillers in the capsule must be chemically compatible according to bio-pharmaceutical principles; the formulation must be manufacturable; and it must meet the prescribed drug release requirement. Traditional trial and error approach to drug-formulation design is too costly and time consuming to meet the increasing demand for new drugs. To answer these challenges, we have developed a prototype hybrid intelligent system for automatic drug formulation. This system consists of a rule-based Expert System (ES) that conducts formulation design according to Biopharmaceutical Classification of drugs and a neural network (NN) that predicts the quality of the formulation recommended by ES. Through interaction between the two modules, the hybrid system forms a (re) formulation-prediction cycle, and the quality of the formulation is improved with each iteration. The hybrid system is tested with sample drugs and is shown to be able to produce formulations with desirable performance measures.
ADAPTIVE PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND BODY SIZE IN THE YELLOW DUNG FLY

Life‐history theory predicts that age and size at maturity of organisms should be influenced by time and food constraints on development. This study investigated phenotypic plasticity in growth, development, body size, and diapause in the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria. Full‐sib families were allowed to develop under predator‐free field conditions. The time before the onset of winter was varied and each brood was split into three environments differing in the amount of dung a set number of larvae had as a resource. When resources were abundant and competition was minimal, individuals of both sexes grew to larger body sizes, took longer time to mature, and were able to increase their growth rates to attain large body sizes despite shorter effective development periods later in the season. In contrast, limited larval resources and strong competition constrained individuals to mature earlier at a smaller adult size, and growth rates could not be increased but were at least maintained. This outcome is predicted by only two life‐history optimality models, which treat mortality due to long development periods and mortality due to fast growth as independent. Elevated preadult mortality indicated physiological costs of fast growth independent of predation. When larval resources were limited, mortality increased with heritable variation in development time for males, and toward the end of the season mortality increased as larval resources became more abundant because this induced longer development periods. Sexual and fecundity selection favoring large body size in this species is thus opposed by larval viability selection favoring slower growth in general and shorter development periods when time and resources are limited; this overall combination of selective pressures is presumably shaping the reaction norms obtained here. Flexible growth rates are facilitated by low genetic correlations between development time and body size, a possible consequence of selection for plasticity. Heritable variation was evident in all traits investigated, as well as in phenotypic plasticity of these traits (genotype X interactions). This is possibly maintained by unpredictable spatiotemporal variation in dung abundance, competition, and hence selection.
Permutation-Based Low-Complexity Alternate Coding in Multi-View H.264/AVC

Low bitrates enabled by the H.264/AVC standard come at the cost of significant decoding complexity. The problem is exacerbated when multi-view video coding (MVC), presently being standardized by the MPEG committee, is considered. Increasing the number of reference views will improve the prediction but also increase the encoding and decoding complexity. In this paper we present an alternative to transform coding and arithmetic coding used to code motion compensation residuals in H.264/AVC. Proposed approach is sorting permutation based, resulting in significantly decreased decoding complexity. We evaluate the efficiency of the coding and present initial results obtained for some sequences in published literature
Tigecycline: a novel glycylcycline antibiotic

Tigecycline, the first-in-class glycylcycline, was developed to recapture the broad spectrum of activity of the tetracycline class and to treat patients with difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. Tigecycline’s in vitro spectrum of activity encompasses aerobic, facultative and anaerobic Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including antimicrobial-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical trials involving patients with complicated skin and skin-structure infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections, including patients infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, demonstrated that tigecycline was bacteriologically and clinically effective with mild-to-moderate gastrointestinal adverse events (i.e., nausea, vomiting and diarrhea) the most commonly reported. Tigecycline is a promising new broad-spectrum parenteral monotherapy for the treatment of patients with Gram-positive and -negative bacterial infections.
Influence of dietary ss-glucan on growth performance, lymphocyte proliferation, specific immune response and haptoglobin plasma concentrations in pigs.

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to anti-microbial growth promoters in swine production. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of beta-1,3/1,6 glucans, i.e. of specific yeast cell wall components, on immune function and growth performance in pigs. After weaning at 4 weeks of age, 75 piglets were allocated to 3 different groups for 4 weeks, the diet was supplemented with 0, 0.015 or 0.03% of beta-glucan, respectively. All animals were vaccinated against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). After 4 weeks, average daily gains (ADG) of beta-glucan treated pigs were not different from the controls. Feed intake was tendentiously (p < 0.1) increased at 0.03%beta-glucan, without alteration of feed efficiency. Serum haptoglobin concentrations at the end of the 4 week treatment were increased in all groups when compared to the initial levels (p < 0.001), without differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Haptoglobin levels were inversely related to ADG. Lymphocyte proliferation indices were not different in control and treatment groups. Specific vaccination responses, as quantified by the PRRS antibody titres occurred in all animals, but no relation with beta-glucan feeding was observed. Our results indicate marginal benefits of beta-glucan supplements for growth performance and no effect on the immune parameters tested. The observed trend towards increased feed intake needs further elucidation.