Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Potential Buffering Effects of Group Interaction on Emotional Responses to Differential Outcomes

Participants were given a questionnaire, consisting of schematic drawings of children and adolescents in interindividual and intergroup contexts, to assess their perceptions about how their typical same-sex peers feel when they are experiencing relative success or failure in developmentally relevant domains. In Study 1, 192 participants in grade 4 and grade 10 came from mixed-sex schools. In Study 2, 173 participants in grades four, five and ten were recruited from same-sex schools. Results indicated that participants judged their typical same-sex peers to feel better when experiencing relative success in an intergroup as compared to interindividual context. In the same-sex schools participants also reported more positive feelings in an intergroup context when experiencing relative failure. Discussion centers on the implications for achievement and performance in educational contexts.
The Stress Process among Dementia Spouse Caregivers

This study examines the relationship between the demands of providing care to a spouse with dementia and caregiver health behaviors, specifically exercise, sleep patterns, weight maintenance, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model predicting health behavior change from personal and environmental characteristics, perceived stress, social support, and depressive symptoms in a sample of 233 spouse caregivers of dementia patients and to examine gender differences in these relationships. Results support the hypothesis that caregiving negatively influences health behaviors. Among both women and men, health behavior change is directly influenced by depressive symptoms and objective burden. In addition, depressive symptoms mediate the effects of self-efficacy and objective burden on health behavior change. These results support the notion that health behavior change may represent one mechanism by which caregiving stress leads to adverse health outcomes.
Evaluation of Cochlear Nerve Imaging in Severe Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss

The route of the cochlear nerve can be imaged using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To gain information about the cochlear nerve, we conducted a trial measuring the width of the cochlear nerve canal (CNC) using CT. When we examined images of the route of the cochlear nerve on MRI, both in ears with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and normal ones, we found that in ears in which the CNC was narrower than 1.5 mm with CT, images of cochlear nerve deficiency could be seen in that ear with MRI.
Comparative Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens: The Ustilago-Sporisorium Paradigm

The closely related smut fungi Ustilago maydis, U. hordei, and Sporisorium reilianum f. sp. zeae are facultatively biotrophic basidiomycetes that occur ubiquitously. Teliospores germinate to produce sporidia of different mating type that grow saprophytically and multiply mitotically by budding [1]. For mass proliferation and sexual genetic exchange, successful colonization of economically important crop plants like maize, barley, and oats is a prerequisite. Mating of compatible haploid yeast cells leads to the formation of dikaryotic filaments that are infection competent. These filaments enter their hosts by penetration of the leaf surface [2]. Once inside the plant, filaments multiply in the affected tissue and induce spore formation in tumors near the penetration site (U. maydis) [3] or spread through the entire plant and form spores in inflorescences (S. reilianum and U. hordei) [4], [5]. Although presence of the fungus is clearly detected [6], defense reactions of native host plants are very limited, allowing fungal spread initially without major plant tissue damage. In fact, a living host plant is required to provide nutrients for massive fungal proliferation and successful spore formation.
Using Is Believing: The Influence of Reliance on the Credibility of Online Political Information among Politically Interested Internet Users

This study surveyed politically interested Web users online to investigate the degree to which reliance on traditional and online sources predicts credibility of online newspapers, television news, news-magazines, candidate literature, and political issue-oriented sites after controlling for demographic and political factors. Reliance on online and traditional media was the strongest predictor of credibility of online sources. Reliance on traditional media tended to be a stronger predictor of credibility of its online counterpart than reliance on the Web in general.
New Amphibians and Global Conservation: A Boost in Species Discoveries in a Highly Endangered Vertebrate Group

Abstract Amphibians are characterized both by a strongly increasing number of newly discovered species and by a high degree of decline. The observed increase in species numbers, over 25 percent in 11 years, is largely due to the intensified exploration of tropical areas and the application of more efficient techniques such as bioacoustics and molecular genetics, rather than to the elevation of subspecies to species rank or the distinction of species that were formerly considered synonymous. In the mantellid frogs of Madagascar, the many species newly described between 1992 and 2004 were as genetically divergent as those described in previous research periods, and most had not been collected previously, corroborating the lack of “taxonomic inflation” in this vertebrate class. Taxonomic exploration is still desperately needed to avoid misinterpretations in global conservation policy.
Forecasting deforestation and carbon emissions in tropical developing countries facing demographic expansion: a case study in Madagascar

Anthropogenic deforestation in tropical countries is responsible for a significant part of global carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. To plan efficient climate change mitigation programs (such as REDD+, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation), reliable forecasts of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions are necessary. Although population density has been recognized as a key factor in tropical deforestation, current methods of prediction do not allow the population explosion that is occurring in many tropical developing countries to be taken into account. Here, we propose an innovative approach using novel computational and statistical tools, including R/GRASS scripts and the new phcfM R package, to model the intensity and location of deforestation including the effect of population density. We used the model to forecast anthropogenic deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions in five large study areas in the humid and spiny-dry forests of Madagascar. Using our approach, we were able to demonstrate that the current rapid population growth in Madagascar (+3.39% per year) will significantly increase the intensity of deforestation by 2030 (up to +1.17% per year in densely populated areas). We estimated the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the loss of aboveground biomass to be of 2.24 and 0.26 tons per hectare and per year in the humid and spiny-dry forest, respectively. Our models showed better predictive ability than previous deforestation models (the figure of merit ranged from 10 to 23). We recommend this approach to reduce the uncertainty associated with deforestation forecasts. We also underline the risk of an increase in the speed of deforestation in the short term in tropical developing countries undergoing rapid population expansion.
Predicting Completeness in Knowledge Bases

Knowledge bases such as Wikidata, DBpedia, or YAGO contain millions of entities and facts. In some knowledge bases, the correctness of these facts has been evaluated. However, much less is known about their completeness, i.e., the proportion of real facts that the knowledge bases cover. In this work, we investigate different signals to identify the areas where a knowledge base is complete. We show that we can combine these signals in a rule mining approach, which allows us to predict where facts may be missing. We also show that completeness predictions can help other applications such as fact prediction.
The role of collective angst during and after a service failure

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the role of collective angst, the concern about the future viability of one’s group, during service failure and recovery. Design/methodology/approach – To test this objective the authors utilize an experiment to examine how Kuwaitis react to service failures when the front-line employee is a foreigner. Findings – The results indicate that collective angst is associated with greater anger following a service failure. The authors also find that collective angst moderates the impact of cultural distance on anger and recommendation intentions following a service-failure recovery attempt. More specifically, cultural distance leads to greater anger and lower intentions to recommend a service establishment for consumers that experience greater collective angst. Originality/value – The research provides the first attempt at examining how local consumers react to foreigner service providers, by examining how concern about the future vitality of one’s national group.
Theoretical Approaches to Understanding Interest Groups

The evolution of theorizing by political scientists about the role of interest groups in US. politics is explored in this article. Critiques of pluralism and the problems of measuring power are described. The dynamics of mobilization and refinements to incentive theory are outlined. The changing conceptions of how influence is structured through subgovernments, issue networks, and advocacy coalitions are examined. Models of lobbying and changing conceptions of group-state engagement are discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the need to reframe conceptions of interest and influence to reflect new economic, political, and social contexts that are better captured by postpluralist and social movement theory.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN THE BRAZILIAN CENTER-EAST AFFECTING THE IN VIVO EMBRYO PRODUCTION OF NELORE COWS

This study used Nelore embryo donors to evaluate the effects of summer temperatures and humidity in a tropical area on embryo recovery. Seventeen cows were randomly assigned to three groups (G1, G2 and G3) as well as 28 heifers into four groups (G4, G5, G6 and G7), and underwent a consecutive 4 days superovulation protocol (day 0 to 3) and two artificial inseminations (AI; day 4 and 5). Cortisol concentrations were determined on day 0, 4 and 5. Temperature and humidity index (THI) was recorded from days 0 to 7. Embryos were recovered on day 11, and evaluated for quality and quantity. Heifers experienced higher thermal load than cows, however, there was no difference in the cortisol and reproductive parameters measured between heifers and cows. The THI measured throughout the experiment oscillated between 65.8 and 85.2 (76.1 ± 3.9), which is a dangerous range for thermal comfort, especially above 78. Animals from G5 were subjected to high THI throughout the experimental protocol, approaching a dangerous condition (78.7 ± 0.9) on day 4 (first AI). The THI for G2 cattle was also high, as in the other groups, but increased to over 80 two days after AI. Animals from group G5 had the lowest viable production being 2.4 ± 0.9 embryos (38% of viability), followed by cattle from group G2 (3.0 ± 0.9 viable, P<0.05). Thus, high thermal load in the summer expressed by high THI, on the day and post- insemination days (during embryo cleavage), compromises embryo number, viability and consequently reproductive performance of Nelore females.
Digital filter based analysis of Debye dielectric media in time domain

A novel algorithm for analysis Debye material in time domain simulations is described. The implementation is based on a digital filter technique. Bilinear transformation is used for a mapping continuous frequency response of the dispersive dielectric onto the z plane. The resulting model is accurate and has good physical background. Example results of the simulations and validating the technique are discussed.
Interaction of Social and Play Behaviors in Preschoolers With and Without Pervasive Developmental Disorder

This study investigated the relationship between the social and play behaviors of young children with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and without PDD. Videotaped observations of 21 preschool children (12 with PDD and 9 without PDD) were examined independently for (a) social complexity and (b) play complexity that was assessed on an individualized basis for each child. The researchers used log-linear analyses to analyze the data. The results supported an inverse relationship between play and social interaction: The children's play within a social interaction tended to be less complex than their play outside of the interaction. All children, regardless of diagnosis, demonstrated similar behavioral patterns, although the children without PDD engaged in social interaction to a greater extent. These results suggest that social interventions should be implemented in the context of play activities that the child has mastered, as opposed to those activities the child is in the process of learning.
Students' Knowledge About Environmental Matters and Their Belief in Their Own Action Possibilities–A Danish Study

n Denmark, environmental educaI tion (EE) does not have the status of a subject in its own right in the folkeskoler (primary and lower secondary schools) and gyrnnasier (upper secondary schools). Thus, EE has no formalized objectives, it is not taught with set numbers of lessons, and students are not required to take a final examination in it. Nevertheless, in 1993, the Danish Minister for Education, Ole Vig Jensen, introduced a special initiative aimed at encouraging all institutions in the Danish educational system to include green issues in their syllabi. In this study, we examined the degree of success that Danish schools achieved in developing central elements of action competence regarding environmental issues in the folkeskoler and gymnasier (i.e., the extent to which EE succeeds in developing and
Effects of social networks on cross‐cultural adjustment

A total of 221 responses were obtained from a survey of international students in Japan, regarding the facilitative effects of social network formation on their adjustment. Regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships among four types of adjustment revealed in a preceding study (“general adjustment,”“self-control,”“affiliative” and “dependent”), network size, demographic variables, expected social support, etc. For each adjustment type, predictive variables were identified. Two of the variables that showed network effects on adjustment were Japanese language proficiency and race (Asians vs. Westerners). From these results, it would appear that social network formation does facilitate adjustment, and insight into the effect of adjustment type and demographic variables on network functions was obtained. Furthermore, the actual conditions regarding network formation of international students in Japan were revealed.
Embodying both stigma and satisfaction: an interview study of African American women

Since the turn of the century, obesity has emerged in the public consciousness as an important public health concern. While the illnesses considered to be associated with obesity are pressing, related individual-level interventions may not be sufficient and may also stigmatize overweight and obese individuals as deficient. Weight-related stigma has a more significant impact on body image for women than men, though the majority of research on African American women suggests that they are culturally protected from body weight dissatisfaction. This article reports on the analysis of 20 interviews with African American women to help elucidate the complicated narratives of body image in women's lives. Implications for obesity and body image research are discussed.
Effective Game use in Neurorehabilitation: User-Centered Perspectives

Games possess highly favourable attributes to bring to the field of neurorehabilitation in the way of providing motivation and goal-directed exercise tasks. For the use of games to be effectively integrated, however, in the commercial and clinical rehabilitation marketplace, it is necessary that a unified and comprehensive rehabilitation gaming platform be developed following principles of user-centered design. The needed platform must contain compatible modules for the planning and execution of treatment as well as progress assessment, and its development must take into consideration the needs and viewpoints of a number of involved stakeholders and required supporting factors, including: patient, prescriber, therapist, care-provider, family, clinic, as well as supporting research, technology, and policy. A proposed platform and implications are explained and an example prototype rehabilitation platform is provided for discussion.
Nutritional modulation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: human data

Purpose of reviewConcomitant with the obesity epidemic, a fatty liver due to nonalcoholic causes has become the most common liver disorder. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) covers a range from benign steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn may progress to cirrhosis. NAFLD predicts, independent of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and can progress to cirrhosis. This review focuses on studies in humans addressing effects of dietary changes in NAFLD. Recent findingsCross-sectionally, increased intake of fructose and simple sugars characterizes patients with NAFLD compared with weight-matched controls. Increased fructose intake is also associated with hepatic insulin resistance and fibrosis severity in NASH. Intake of saturated fat may also be increased in NAFLD. Dietary intervention studies have shown that liver volume and fat content changes significantly within a few days in response to caloric restriction or excess despite no or small changes in body weight. Weight loss by bariatric surgery decreases liver fat and inflammation but effects on fibrosis are uncertain. Hepatic insulin sensitivity generally changes in parallel with changes in liver fat content in NAFLD. Human data are limited regarding effects of isocaloric changes in diet composition on liver fat content. SummaryMaintenance of normal body weight and avoidance of intake of excess lipogenic simple sugars would seem beneficial for prevention of NAFLD and its metabolic consequences.
Polarized Politics and Citizen Disengagement

This article examines citizens who combine liberalism on one of two major issue dimensions with conservatism on the other, assessing whether they are less politically engaged than “consistent” liberals and conservatives and whether this relationship has strengthened over time with elite polarization. It also explores the contributions of cross-pressures, partisanship, and alienation to contemporary ideological differences in political engagement. This article departs from most existing research by defining ideology two dimensionally. Using the 1984-2008 American National Election Studies, it finds that culturally conservative, economically liberal Americans and to a lesser extent culturally liberal, economically conservative Americans are less engaged in elections than “consistent” liberals and conservatives. Different factors explain these differences with liberals and conservatives, but cross-pressures do not demobilize either “two-dimensional ideologue. ” Over time, the increased involvement of liberals and conservatives has produced a growing ideological gap in political engagement.
Beyond Bilingual: Multi-sense Word Embeddings using Multilingual Context

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by exploiting crosslingual signals to aid sense identification. We present a multi-view Bayesian non-parametric algorithm which improves multi-sense wor d embeddings by (a) using multilingual (i.e., more than two languages) corpora to significantly improve sense embeddings beyond what one achieves with bilingual information, and (b) uses a principled approach to learn a variable number of senses per word, in a data-driven manner. Ours is the first approach with the ability to leverage multilingual corpora efficiently for multi-sense representation learning. Experiments show that multilingual training significantly improves performance over monolingual and bilingual training, by allowing us to combine different parallel corpora to leverage multilingual context. Multilingual training yields comparable performance to a state of the art monolingual model trained on five times more training data.
The Effects of Warnings and Speeding on Scale Scores and Convergent Validity of Conscientiousness

We examined the effects of warnings and speeding on scale scores and convergent validity of a measure of Conscientiousness in a faking context (N = 329). A completely crossed 2 × 2 experimental design was used in which instructions (no warning or a warning) and speeding (with or without a time limit) were manipulated. No statistically significant effects on scale scores or convergent validity were evidenced for speeding. Warning participants did decrease Conscientiousness scores by almost 1 standard deviation (d = .91). Warnings also moderated the relationship between self- and observer-ratings of Conscientiousness such that the relationship between self- and observer-ratings was statistically significant and positive in the warned conditions (r partial = .29, p < .01, n = 136), but this same relationship was statistically nonsignificant (r partial = −.14, p > .05, n = 148) in the unwarned conditions.
Morphological awareness: Just “more phonological”? The roles of morphological and phonological awareness in reading development

Given the morphophonemic nature of the English orthography, surprisingly few studies have examined the roles of morphological and phonological awareness in reading. This 4-year longitudinal study (Grades 2–5) compared these two factors in three aspects of reading development: pseudoword reading, reading comprehension, and single word reading. Morphological awareness contributed significantly to pseudoword reading and reading comprehension, after controlling prior measures of reading ability, verbal and nonverbal intelligence, and phonological awareness. This contribution was comparable to that of phonological awareness and remained 3 years after morphological awareness was assessed. In contrast, morphological awareness rarely contributed significantly to single word reading. We argue that these results provide evidence that morphological awareness has a wide-ranging role in reading development, one that extends beyond phonological awareness.