Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The successful operation of hole-type gaseous detectors at cryogenic temperatures

We have demonstrated that hole-type gaseous detectors, gas electron multipliers and capillary plates (CPs) can operate at temperatures down to 77 K. For example, a single CP can operate at gains above 10/sup 3/ in the entire temperature interval between 77 and 300 K. The same CP combined with CsI photocathodes operates perfectly well at gains of 100-1000, depending on the gas mixture. The obtained results open new fields of applications for CPs as detectors of ultraviolet light and charged particles at cryogenic temperatures: liquid noble gas time-projection chambers, detectors for weakly interacting massive particles or liquid Xe scintillating calorimeters, and cryogenic positron-emission tomography.
A Scheduling Policy for Dense and Highly Mobile Ad hoc Networks

Recent publications in information theory demonstrated that mobility can increase the capacity of wireless ad hoc networks. More precisely, the throughput per source-destination pair can be kept constant as the density of nodes increases. Considering an analytical study as a starting point, in this paper we propose and evaluate a distributed scheduling policy for dense and highly mobile ad hoc networks. This policy takes advantage of mobility in order to reduce the relaying tra c in such a network. Simulation results are provided to show the bene t of mobility on the network throughput and the optimal transmission range is derived from an analytical study.
The Business Benefits of PC Office Systems and End-user Computing at Glaxo Pharmaceuticals 1984-88

Since 1984, Glaxo Pharmaceuticals has seen a dramatic expansion in the use of desktop personal computers. The use of these machines for spreadsheet modelling and data analysis, databases, graphics, wordprocessing, project planning and statistical analysis, computer-based training and expert systems has transformed the nature of computing within the company and provided a platform for significant new co-processing developments. Over 1,300 personal computers have been installed in the company's four sites, providing a range of business benefits in terms of improved efficiency and effectiveness. Case studies of how these benefits have been provided are described, and a number of key issues for managing such change are discussed.
Influence of sources of dietary vitamin E on the maternal transfer of α-tocopherol to fetal and neonatal guinea pigs as determined by a stable isotopic technique

The accepted biological potencies of vitamin E (United States Phamacopeia, 1985) for 1 mg all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (synthetic form) is 1·00 IU and that of 1 mg (RRR)-α-tocopheryl acetate (natural form) is 1·36 IU. In the present study, a stable isotopic (2H) technique was employed to evaluate the bioavailability of natural v. synthetic forms of vitamin E and to determine whether the potency of the forms is the stated relationship of 1·36:1·00 (RRR)-α-tocopheryl acetate:all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate. Sixty female in-bred guinea pigs received either 40 or 80 mg vitamin E/kg diet with equal levels of (RRR)-α-tocopheryl acetate and all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate throughout gestation and lactation. At late-term pregnancy (day 50 or 60) and during early lactation, dams and their corresponding fetuses or neonates were killed and various tissues collected for subsequent α-tocopherol analysis. Vitamin E analysis of fetal and neonatal tissues indicated a substantial transfer of 2H-labelled α-tocopherol across the placenta and through the mammary gland. Total α-tocopherol concentrations were significantly influenced by tissue type and dose level, but not by stage of gestation or lactation. The relative bioavailability (d3:d6) across fetal and neonatal tissues was on average 1·81:1·00, with a range from 1·62:1·00 to 2·01:1·00. Maternal tissues had a mean ratio of 1·77:1·00. A higher relative bioavailability (P≤0·05) was observed with natural compared with synthetic α-tocopherol as shown by a higher d3:d6 ratio in all tissues examined. Vitamin E was highest in colostrum on day 2 then declined through to day 5. Results from this present experiment further question the accepted biological potencies of natural:synthetic α-tocopheryl acetate of 1·36:1·00.
Assessing Student Learning: A Common Sense Guide

About the Author. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Introduction. PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING ASSESSMENT. 1. What Is Assessment? 2. How Can Student Learning Be Assessed? 3. What Is Good Assessment? PART TWO: PLANNING FOR ASSESSMENT SUCCESS. 4. Why Are You Assessing Student Learning? 5. The Keys to a Culture of Assessment: Tangible Value and Respect. 6. Supporting Assessment Efforts with Time, Infrastructure, and Resources. 7. Organizing an Assessment Process. 8. Developing Learning Goals. PART THREE: THE ASSESSMENT TOOLBOX. 9. Using a Scoring Guide or Rubric to Plan and Evaluate an Assignment. 10. Creating an Effective Assignment. 11. Writing a Traditional Test. 12. Assessing Values, Attitudes, Dispositions, and Habits of Mind. 13. Assembling Assessment Information into Portfolios. 14. Selecting a Published Test or Survey. PART FOUR: UNDERSTANDING AND USING ASSESSMENT RESULTS. 15. Setting Benchmarks or Standards. 16. Summarizing and Analyzing Assessment Results. 17. Sharing Assessment Results with Internal and External Audiences. 18. Using Assessment Results Effectively and Appropriately. 19. Keeping the Momentum Going. References. Recommended Readings. Assessment Resources. Index.
SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes function in noncoding RNA-dependent assembly of nuclear bodies

Significance The postgenomic era has seen the identification of numerous long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) in mammalian cells; however, their biological functions remain largely unknown. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is an lncRNA that participates in the construction of the massive ribonucleoprotein subnuclear complex, the paraspeckle. Paraspeckle formation proceeds in conjunction with NEAT1 biogenesis and the assembly of >40 proteins. Here, we demonstrate that SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes play an essential role in organizing the protein–protein interaction network of paraspeckles in a manner that does not require their canonical remodeling activity. We also show that SWI/SNF complexes are required for the assembly of the Satellite III lncRNA-dependent nuclear stress body. These data suggest the presence of a common pathway for the assembly of lncRNA-dependent nuclear bodies in mammalian cells. Paraspeckles are subnuclear structures that form around nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Recently, paraspeckles were shown to be functional nuclear bodies involved in stress responses and the development of specific organs. Paraspeckle formation is initiated by transcription of the NEAT1 chromosomal locus and proceeds in conjunction with NEAT1 lncRNA biogenesis and a subsequent assembly step involving >40 paraspeckle proteins (PSPs). In this study, subunits of SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes were identified as paraspeckle components that interact with PSPs and NEAT1 lncRNA. EM observations revealed that SWI/SNF complexes were enriched in paraspeckle subdomains depleted of chromatin. Knockdown of SWI/SNF components resulted in paraspeckle disintegration, but mutation of the ATPase domain of the catalytic subunit BRG1 did not affect paraspeckle integrity, indicating that the essential role of SWI/SNF complexes in paraspeckle formation does not require their canonical activity. Knockdown of SWI/SNF complexes barely affected the levels of known essential paraspeckle components, but markedly diminished the interactions between essential PSPs, suggesting that SWI/SNF complexes facilitate organization of the PSP interaction network required for intact paraspeckle assembly. The interactions between SWI/SNF components and essential PSPs were maintained in NEAT1-depleted cells, suggesting that SWI/SNF complexes not only facilitate interactions between PSPs, but also recruit PSPs during paraspeckle assembly. SWI/SNF complexes were also required for Satellite III lncRNA-dependent formation of nuclear stress bodies under heat-shock conditions. Our data suggest the existence of a common mechanism underlying the formation of lncRNA-dependent nuclear body architectures in mammalian cells.
Late Assembly Steps and Dynamics of the Cyanobacterial Photosystem I*

The dynamics of photosystem I assembly in cyanobacteria have been addressed using in vivo pulse-chase labeling of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 proteins in combination with blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The analyses indicate the existence of three different monomeric photosystem I complexes and also the high stability of photosystem I trimers. We show that in addition to a complete photosystem I monomer, containing all 11 subunits, we detected a PsaK-less monomer and a short-lived PsaL/PsaK-less complex. The latter two monomers were missing in the ycf37 mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that accumulates also less trimers. Pulse-chase experiments suggest that the three monomeric complexes have different functions in the biogenesis of the trimer. Based on these findings we propose a model where PsaK is incorporated in the latest step of photosystem I assembly. The PsaK-less photosystem I monomer may represent an intermediate complex that is important for the exchange of the two PsaK variants during high light acclimation. Implications of the presented data with respect to Ycf37 function are discussed.
Abbreviated Path Expressions With Iterated Wild Cards : WYSIWYG Semantics and Efficient Implementation

Abbreviating paths with iterated wild cards is an abstraction mechanism common to Adaptive Programming (AP), eXtensible Markup Language (XML) document processing, and Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP). Recognition of abbreviated paths is used to for navigation in both AP and XML, and to decide upon advice execution in AOP. Finite state automata have been used for efficient recognition of abbreviated paths. In this paper, we introduce cover automata for abbreviated path recognition. Cover automata have significantly lower state complexity than automata used in previous approaches. One contribution of this paper is an algorithm for constructing a cover automaton for abbreviated path recognition. We also prove the correctness of our algorithm. A second contribution of this paper is a succinct formal semantics for abbreviated paths based on regular language theory which has greatly simplified our proofs.
Cosmos: A System for Supporting Engineering Negotiation

Large-scale engineering projects are created by teams of cooperating engineers who must share knowledge about the project as it evolves. Sharing of engineering knowledge is actually made more difficult by modern engineering environments First, the computerized engineering environment requires that much of the knowledge sharing be on a tool-to-tool basis, rather than human-to-human Computer tools (3-D modellers, analysis and stimulation tools, etc ) have become the locus of much of the engineering information for a project These tools embody engineering assumptions and methods that are not understood in detail by their user engineers Moreover, the tools use specialised internal representations that are not understood by other tools Second, the connectivity enabled by the modern networked engineering environment greatly increases the complexity of the interaction environment It is virtually impossible for engineers to know who is likely to be impacted by their decisions, and what issues they need to negotiate. The Cosmos project is part of a collection of research efforts that is creating technology to allow engineers to share knowledge about a design through their tools when engineers modify a design, the tools they are using automatically provide relevant updates to other engineers whose work is affected by the change Cosmos's role is to support engineering negotiation, illustrated here in the domain of active control of spaceborne structures The paper descnbes the Cosmos Phase I implementation, which provides negotiation support for engineers from different disciplines cooperating on a design, lessons learned from Phase I, and our current activities in building the Phase II implementation
Diversity of Lactobacilli in the Oral Cavities of Young Women with Dental Caries

For nearly a century, lactobacilli (LB) in the oral cavity have been generally associated with dental caries. Here, we characterized the LB isolated from the saliva of 6 women with active caries using genetic-based taxonomical identification methods. From each subject, 30 isolates growing on Rogosa medium and presumed to be LB were analyzed. Of the 180 isolates, 176 were further characterized by biotyping, DNA melting points, DNA chromosomal fingerprinting, genotyping, and phylogenetic cluster assessment. We found a total of 30 unique genotypes of LB in the saliva of caries-active women, with each woman harboring between 2 and 8 distinct genotypes. Although Lactobacillus vaginalis, L. fermentum, and L. salivarius were found in 4 of 6 of the subjects, results from other studies using comparable methods show an entirely different array of LB associated with caries. These collective observations lead us to surmise that LB associated with dental caries are likely exogenous and opportunistic colonizers, arising from food or other reservoirs outside the oral cavity.
Multiplex Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification for Simultaneous Detection of Several Enteric Viruses in Model Ready-To-Eat Foods

ABSTRACT Human enteric viruses are currently recognized as one of the most important causes of food-borne disease. Implication of enteric viruses in food-borne outbreaks can be difficult to confirm due to the inadequacy of the detection methods available. In this study, a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) method was developed in a multiplex format for the specific, simultaneous, and rapid detection of epidemiologically relevant human enteric viruses. Three previously reported primer sets were used in a single reaction for the amplification of RNA target fragments of 474, 371, and 165 nucleotides for the detection of hepatitis A virus and genogroup I and genogroup II noroviruses, respectively. Amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed by electrochemiluminescence and Northern hybridization. Endpoint detection sensitivity for the multiplex NASBA assay was approximately 10−1 reverse transcription-PCR-detectable units (or PFU, as appropriate) per reaction. When representative ready-to-eat foods (deli sliced turkey and lettuce) were inoculated with various concentrations of each virus and processed for virus detection with the multiplex NASBA method, all three human enteric viruses were simultaneously detected at initial inoculum levels of 100 to 102 reverse transcription-PCR-detectable units (or PFU)/9 cm2 in both food commodities. The multiplex NASBA system provides rapid and simultaneous detection of clinically relevant food-borne viruses in a single reaction tube and may be a promising alternative to reverse transcription-PCR for the detection of viral contamination of foods.
An Autonomous Spherical Robot for Security Tasks

The use of remotely operated robotic systems in security related applications is becoming increasingly popular However, the direct teleoperation interfaces commonly used today put a large amount of cognitive burden on the operators, thus seriously reducing the efficiency and reliability of these systems. We present an approach to alleviate this problem by exploiting both software and hardware autonomy. At the software level, we propose a variable autonomy control architecture that dynamically adapts the degree of autonomy of the robot in terms of control, perception, and interaction. At the hardware level, we rely on the intrinsic autonomy and robustness provided by the spherical morphology of our Ground-Bot robot. We also present a prototype system for facilitating the interaction between human operators and robots using our control architecture. This work is specifically aimed at increasing the effectiveness of the GroundBot robot for remote inspection tasks
A memory-efficient routing method for large-scale spiking neural networks

Progress in VLSI technologies is enabling the integration of large numbers of spiking neural network processing modules into compact systems. Asynchronous routing circuits are typically employed to efficiently interface these modules, and configurable memory is usually used to implement synaptic connectivity among them. However, supporting arbitrary network connectivity with conventional routing methods would require prohibitively large memory resources. We propose a two stage routing scheme which minimizes the memory requirements needed to implement scalable and reconfigurable spiking neural networks with bounded connectivity. Our routing methodology trades off network configuration flexibility for routing memory demands and is optimized for the most common and anatomically realistic neural network topologies. We describe and analyze our routing method and present a case study with a large neural network.
Modification of treatment strategies over a period of 14 years has markedly reduced cardiac events among post-myocardial infarction patients.

Recent trends in the treatment of post-myocardial infarction (MI) patients and the factors accounting for the improvement in outcome are presented. A total of 6,602 post-MI patients (5,320 males, 1,282 females; 58.9 +/- 10.4 years of age) enrolled between 1986 and 1999 were followed up for an average of 12.6 +/- 16.3 months. The incidence of cardiac events, which included fatal and nonfatal recurrent MIs, sudden death and death by congestive heart failure, was highest (44.9 events/1,000 person year) in 1986-1987, but decreased steadily to 22.5 events/1,000 person year by 1997-1999 (Trend p<0.0001). This trend accompanied the increased use of coronary thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, increased prescription of antiplatelet agents (51.5%-83.4%), lipid-lowering agents (29.8%-52.6%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (5.3%-->41.0%), and reduced prescription of calcium antagonists (68.5%-41.0%) and nitrates (60.7%-->45.7%). These changes in treatment have led to a decreased incidence of angina pectoris, wall motion abnormalities and abnormal Q waves on electrocardiograms. The decline in the incidence of cardiac events among post-MI patients in the 14 years between 1986 and 1999 reflects implementation of new therapeutic modalities proven to be effective in clinical trials and in daily practice.
Multi-dimensional Boltzmann Sampling of Languages

We address the uniform random generation of words from a context-free language (over an alphabet of size $k$), while constraining every letter to a targeted frequency of occurrence. Our approach consists in a multidimensional extension of Boltzmann samplers. We show that, under mostly $\textit{strong-connectivity}$ hypotheses, our samplers return a word of size in $[(1- \epsilon)n, (1+ \epsilon)n]$ and exact frequency in $\mathcal{O}(n^{1+k/2})$ expected time. Moreover, if we accept tolerance intervals of width in $\Omega (\sqrt{n})$ for the number of occurrences of each letters, our samplers perform an approximate-size generation of words in expected $\mathcal{O}(n)$ time. We illustrate our approach on the generation of Tetris tessellations with uniform statistics in the different types of tetraminoes.
Multicultural Literature: Overcoming the Hurdles to Successful Study

our budget money on trendy literature. " And so, in the academic minds and lesson plans of many English teachers, the canon confidently prevails; the development of multicultural awareness and appreciation is aborted; the voice of the native writer is silenced and invalidated. Consequently, the integrity and spirit of a people continue to be compromised by culturally estranged interpreters. Hooks (1989) explains additional consequences:
An Investigation into the Effects of Long-term Staff Development on Teacher Perceptions and Reading Achievement on Young Children

The effectiveness of long-term staff development (Reading Academy Project-RAP) on students' reading scores on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS) test was examined to determine if teachers transferred newly learned teaching strategies into practice and changed their beliefs about reading instruction. In a four-year cohort longitudinal study in an East Texas rural community, the effects of long-term staff development on third grade students' TAAS test reading scores, teacher practices, and teacher beliefs were explored. Populations included a teacher group (N = 17), an experimental (N = 419), and a control (N = 419) group of students. Children's groups were matched pairs based on five demographic characteristics and membership or non-membership in one or more of six categories. An application survey and four end-of-the-year surveys provided teacher data regarding classroom practices. One interview question provided information about teacher beliefs. Results indicate students who had a RAP teacher for at least one year scored significantly higher on the TAAS reading test in the third grade than those without a RAP teacher. Examination of students having more than one year with an academy teacher failed to produce statistically significant differences in TAAS test reading scores; however, an upward trend was noted. Statistically significant differences were found in 6 of the 20 items on the survey investigating classroom practices. All teachers reported the RAP affected them positively, and 82% confirmed that changes took place in their classroom practices, student behaviors, and teacher responsibilities. Validation of or strengthening existing beliefs accounted for 76% of the teacher responses. Recommendations include adding a population of kindergarten through third graders and following them through high school to determine ultimate reading success, continue surveying teachers to see if effective strategies persist, add a parental involvement component, and replicate this investigation in suburban and metropolitan areas.
Cycling to work in London and inhaled dose of black carbon

Modelling studies suggest that urban cycling is associated with an increased inhaled dose of fossil fuel-derived black carbon (BC). Using the amount of black material in airway macrophages as a marker of long-term inhaled BC, we sought to compare inhaled BC dose in London (UK) cyclists and non-cyclists. Airway macrophage carbon was assessed in 28 (58%) out of 48 healthy adults (14 cyclists and 14 non-cyclists) who attended for induced sputum. Short-term (24 h) exposure to BC was assessed on a representative working day in 27 out of 28 subjects. Serum interleukin (IL)-1&bgr;, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr; were assessed in 26 out of the 28 subjects. Cyclists were found to have increased airway macrophage carbon when compared with non-cyclists (mean±se 1.81±0.21 versus 1.11±0.07 μm2; p<0.01). Short-term monitoring showed no difference in 24 h BC exposure between the two groups. However, cyclists were exposed to higher concentrations of BC during commuting (p<0.01). Airway macrophage carbon was associated with monitored commute BC (n=28; r=0.47, p<0.05). TNF-&agr; was found to be increased in cyclists (p<0.05), but no other cytokines were increased. Commuting to work by bicycle in London is associated with increased long-term inhaled dose of BC. Whether cycling per se increases inhaled BC dose remains unclear.