Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma experience of youngsters and Teens: A key issue in suicidal behavior among victims of bullying?

This study examines the association between suicide and bullying among teenagers and adolescents in school besides exploring strategies to prevent acts of bullying. “Bullying” is a risk factor that is linked to suicidal ideation and attempts among school-age children and teenagers. Since youth suicide is an urgent and serious problem, we conducted a systematic review of 28 previous studies conducted in children and adolescents which examined the connection between bullying experiences and suicide. Data Collection: A literature search was carried out using 4 databases, without date description including: PubMed, PsychInfo, Medline and Google Scholar. The search terms contained: bullying, suicide and bullying, suicide in teens, school bullying, and peer victimization. An initial search generated about 97 articles; however, only 28 articles were appropriate for inclusion in the current review. Inclusion criteria was (1) Cross-sectional studies published from 1997-2013. (2) Study based on school bullying and suicidal risk in adolescents and teens 18 years or less (3) Studies had enough information to calculate effect sizes that did include a control group. (4) Studies based on gender discrimination. Papers that focused on specific populations, that did not include quantitative data, that did not use a control group of non-bullied subjects and studies based on cyber bullying, studies with longitudinal design were excluded. The risk of suicide attempts was higher in girls, who were involved in bullying, either as the victim or perpetrator, than in boys. Depression, feelings of hopelessness and loneliness can develop in the child after being bullied for long periods of time; these feelings are indirectly related to suicidal ideation and attempts. Involvement in bullying increases the likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts in children and teenagers.
Currents in the compressible and incompressible regions of the two-dimensional electron gas.

We derive a general expression for the low-temperature current distribution in a two-dimensional electron gas, subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field and in a confining potential that varies slowly on the scale of the magnetic length l. The analysis is based on a self-consistent one-electron description, such as the Hartree or standard Kohn-Sham equations. Our expression, which correctly describes the current distribution on scales larger than l, has two components: One is an ``edge current'' which is proportional to the local density gradient and the other is a ``bulk current'' which is proportional to the gradient of the confining potential. The direction of these currents generally displays a striking alternating pattern.
Optimization and Dataflow Algorithms for Nested Tree Queries

The SQL language allows useIs to express queries that have nested subqueries in them. Optimization of nested queries has received considerable attention over the last few years. Most of the previous optimization work has assumed that at most one block is nested within any given block. The solutions presented iu the literature for the general case (where an arbitrary number of blocks are nested within a block) have either been incorrect or have dealt with a restricted sub& of queries. The two main contributions of this paper are:. (1) optimization strategies for queries that have an arbitrary number of blocks nested within any given block, and (2) a new dataflow algoritbm for the execution of nested queries, involving one or more outer joins, in a multi-processor environment such as the one found in GAMMA. The new algorithm cuts down on message and CPU costs over conventional datiow algorithms.
A seamless handover for WSN using LMS filter

We propose a MAC protocol that supports the mobility of nodes in wireless sensor networks. The protocol enables burst transmission and seamless handover to achieve high throughput and to reduce packet delivery latency and packet loss. An adaptive filter continuously evaluates the RSSI values of received acknowledgment packets and decides whether a mobile node should transfer a communication to a nearby relay node with a better link quality. The handover process itself takes place without breaking an existing link. This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of the MAC protocol.
Global vs. local decision support for multiple independent UAV schedule management

As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) become increasingly autonomous, time-critical and complex single-operator systems will require advance prediction and mitigation of schedule conflicts. However, actions that mitigate a current schedule conflict may create future schedule problems. Decision support is needed allowing an operator to evaluate different mission schedule management options in real-time. This paper describes two decision support visualisations for single-operator supervisory control of four independent UAVs performing a time-critical targeting mission. A configural display common to both visualisations, called StarVis, graphically depicts current schedule problems, as well as projections of potential local and global schedule problems. Results from an experiment showed that subjects using the locally optimal StarVis implementation had better performance, higher situational awareness, and no significant increase in workload over a more globally optimal implementation of StarVis. This research effort highlights how the same decision support design applied at different abstraction levels can produce different performance results.
Effect of Preventive Chlamydia abortus Vaccination in Offspring Development in Sheep Challenged Experimentally

Ovine enzootic abortion, caused by Chlamydia abortus, leads to important economic losses worldwide. In addition to reproductive failures, infection may impact lamb growth during the first weeks after birth, yet this effect has not been well characterized. Vaccination can help to control the disease but variable efficacy values have been described, possibly related with factors associated with the host, the vaccine, the parameter used for efficacy determination, and the challenge conditions. In this context, we evaluated the efficacy of an inactivated standard commercial vaccine and a 1/2 diluted dose in pregnant sheep challenged with C. abortus by examining multiple indicators of vaccine effect (including incidence of reproductive failures, bacterial excretion, and evolution of weight gain of viable lambs during the first month of life). Three groups of ewes [control non-vaccinated, C (n = 18); vaccinated with standard dose, SV (n = 16); and vaccinated with 1/2 dose, DV (n = 17)], were challenged approximately 90 days post-mating and tested using direct PCR (tissue samples and vaginal swabs) and ELISA (serum) until 31 days post-reproductive outcome. There were not significant differences in the proportions of reproductive failures or bacterial shedding after birth/abortion regardless the vaccination protocol. However, a beneficial effect of vaccination on offspring growth was detected in both vaccinated groups compared with the controls, with a mean increase in weight measured at 30 days of life of 1.5 and 2.5 kg (p = 0.056) and an increase in the geometric mean of the daily gain of 8.4 and 9.7% in lambs born from DV and SV ewes compared with controls, respectively. Our results demonstrate the effect of an inactivated vaccine in the development of the offspring of C. abortus-infected ewes at a standard and a diluted dose, an interesting finding given the difficulty in achieving sufficient antigen concentration in the production of enzootic abortion of ewes-commercial vaccines.
Gibbs sampling and helix-cap motifs

Protein backbones have characteristic secondary structures, including α-helices and β-sheets. Which structure is adopted locally is strongly biased by the local amino acid sequence of the protein. Accurate (probabilistic) mappings from sequence to structure are valuable for both secondary-structure prediction and protein design. For the case of α-helix caps, we test whether the information content of the sequence–structure mapping can be self-consistently improved by using a relaxed definition of the structure. We derive helix-cap sequence motifs using database helix assignments for proteins of known structure. These motifs are refined using Gibbs sampling in competition with a null motif. Then Gibbs sampling is repeated, allowing for frameshifts of ±1 amino acid residue, in order to find sequence motifs of higher total information content. All helix-cap motifs were found to have good generalization capability, as judged by training on a small set of non-redundant proteins and testing on a larger set. For overall prediction purposes, frameshift motifs using all training examples yielded the best results. Frameshift motifs using a fraction of all training examples performed best in terms of true positives among top predictions. However, motifs without frameshifts also performed well, despite a roughly one-third lower total information content.
Wolbachia Variants Induce Differential Protection to Viruses in Drosophila melanogaster: A Phenotypic and Phylogenomic Analysis

Wolbachia are intracellular bacterial symbionts that are able to protect various insect hosts from viral infections. This tripartite interaction was initially described in Drosophila melanogaster carrying wMel, its natural Wolbachia strain. wMel has been shown to be genetically polymorphic and there has been a recent change in variant frequencies in natural populations. We have compared the antiviral protection conferred by different wMel variants, their titres and influence on host longevity, in a genetically identical D. melanogaster host. The phenotypes cluster the variants into two groups — wMelCS-like and wMel-like. wMelCS-like variants give stronger protection against Drosophila C virus and Flock House virus, reach higher titres and often shorten the host lifespan. We have sequenced and assembled the genomes of these Wolbachia, and shown that the two phenotypic groups are two monophyletic groups. We have also analysed a virulent and over-replicating variant, wMelPop, which protects D. melanogaster even better than the closely related wMelCS. We have found that a ∼21 kb region of the genome, encoding eight genes, is amplified seven times in wMelPop and may be the cause of its phenotypes. Our results indicate that the more protective wMelCS-like variants, which sometimes have a cost, were replaced by the less protective but more benign wMel-like variants. This has resulted in a recent reduction in virus resistance in D. melanogaster in natural populations worldwide. Our work helps to understand the natural variation in wMel and its evolutionary dynamics, and inform the use of Wolbachia in arthropod-borne disease control.
Building Synsets for Indonesian WordNet with Monolingual Lexical Resources

This paper presents an approach to build synsets for Indonesian Word Net semi-automatically using monolingual lexical resources available freely in Bahasa Indonesia. Monolingual lexical resources refer to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indoensia or KBBI (monolingual dictionary of Bahasa Indonesia) and Tesaurus Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian thesaurus). We assume that monolingual resources will play an important role in synsets building, because it will provide more accurate senses specifically for Bahasa. Besides, resources that have been used are produced by Bahasa Indonesia Language Center, which is a government institution that manages Bahasa Indonesia development. However, the synsets retrieved will be considered as a prototype version of Indonesian Word Net synsets.
Joint beamforming and power control in downlink multiuser MIMO systems

In this paper we discuss joint beamforming and power control for downlink multiuser MIMO systems with target signal-to-interference+noise ratios (SINR) constraints. We derive necessary conditions for minimizing total interference at downlink receivers and present an algorithm which adapts the beamforming vectors and powers incrementally to meet specified SINR targets with minimum powers. The proposed algorithm is illustrated with numerical examples obtained from simulations.
Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Planetary-Mass Candidate Companion to a Young Solar Analog

We present Gemini near-infrared adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopy of a planetary-mass candidate companion to 1RXS J160929.1–210524, a roughly solar-mass member of the 5 Myr old Upper Scorpius association. The object, separated by 2.22″ or 330 AU at ~150 pc, has infrared colors and spectra suggesting a temperature of 1800−100+200 K, and spectral type of L4−2+1. The H- and K-band spectra provide clear evidence of low surface gravity, and thus youth. Based on the widely used DUSTY models, we infer a mass of 8−2+4 MJup. If gravitationally bound, this would be the lowest mass companion imaged around a normal star thus far, and its existence at such a large separation would pose a serious challenge to theories of star and planet formation.
Reproducibility of Volumetric Computed Tomography of Stable Small Pulmonary Nodules with Implications on Estimated Growth Rate and Optimal Scan Interval

Purpose To use clinically measured reproducibility of volumetric CT (vCT) of lung nodules to estimate error in nodule growth rate in order to determine optimal scan interval for patient follow-up. Methods We performed quantitative vCT on 89 stable non-calcified nodules and 49 calcified nodules measuring 3–13 mm diameter in 71 patients who underwent 3–9 repeat vCT studies for clinical evaluation of pulmonary nodules. Calculated volume standard deviation as a function of mean nodule volume was used to compute error in estimated growth rate. This error was then used to determine the optimal patient follow-up scan interval while fixing the false positive rate at 5%. Results Linear regression of nodule volume standard deviation versus the mean nodule volume for stable non-calcified nodules yielded a slope of 0.057±0.002 (r2 = 0.79, p<0.001). For calcified stable nodules, the regression slope was 0.052±0.005 (r2 = 0.65, p = 0.03). Using this with the error propagation formula, the optimal patient follow-up scan interval was calculated to be 81 days, independent of initial nodule volume. Conclusions Reproducibility of vCT is excellent, and the standard error is proportional to the mean calculated nodule volume for the range of nodules examined. This relationship constrains statistical certainty of vCT calculated doubling times and results in an optimal scan interval that is independent of the initial nodule volume.
Application of Key Events Analysis to Chemical Carcinogens and Noncarcinogens

The existence of thresholds for toxicants is a matter of debate in chemical risk assessment and regulation. Current risk assessment methods are based on the assumption that, in the absence of sufficient data, carcinogenesis does not have a threshold, while noncarcinogenic endpoints are assumed to be thresholded. Advances in our fundamental understanding of the events that underlie toxicity are providing opportunities to address these assumptions about thresholds. A key events dose-response analytic framework was used to evaluate three aspects of toxicity. The first section illustrates how a fundamental understanding of the mode of action for the hepatic toxicity and the hepatocarcinogenicity of chloroform in rodents can replace the assumption of low-dose linearity. The second section describes how advances in our understanding of the molecular aspects of carcinogenesis allow us to consider the critical steps in genotoxic carcinogenesis in a key events framework. The third section deals with the case of endocrine disrupters, where the most significant question regarding thresholds is the possible additivity to an endogenous background of hormonal activity. Each of the examples suggests that current assumptions about thresholds can be refined. Understanding inter-individual variability in the events involved in toxicological effects may enable a true population threshold(s) to be identified.
Predictive Rendering

In presenting this thesis in partial fulllment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department o r b y his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for nancial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Abstract Computer graphics has always been concerned with increasing rendering speed. This thesis introduces a new method to reduce the cost of the rendering pipeline. It uses fast, simple transformations to predict scene motion some small number of frames in the future. Scene primitives are grouped into nodes in a plan tree" according to the predicted future motion of their projected screen coordinates. Diierent nodes in the tree are rendered at diierent frame rates. Nodes containing slowly moving or static primitives can be rendered many fewer times than nodes containing quickly moving primitives. The rendered scene subsets are depth composited together to form a nal frame. Predictive rendering draws graphics primitives only when they move. This contrasts with usual rendering methods, where all primitives moving or not are drawn each and every frame. Depending on the amount of temporal coherence between frames, predictive rendering reduces the number of primitives sent to the graphics pipeline, allowing dramatic improvements in overall rendering speeds. In scenes with large amounts of temporal coherence, our implementation achieved speedups ranging between 270 and 1; 850 of the normal rendering times. Analysis on several test scenes varying in polygonal complexity showed worst-case prediction costs that ranged between 0:05 and 13:5 of the total rendering time. Actual implementation showed that worst case costs varied between 1 to 13, depending on the scene. These costs indicate the penalty that must be paid in scenes with absolutely no temporal coherence.
Scale in Western and Amazonian Indigene Cultures Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the Number

, 1217 (2008); 320 Science et al. Stanislas Dehaene, Scale in Western and Amazonian Indigene Cultures Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the Number www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of May 30, 2008 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217#otherarticles , 4 of which can be accessed for free: cites 24 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
Temperature resistance studies on the deep-sea vent shrimp Mirocaris fortunata

SUMMARY The shrimp Mirocaris fortunata is a hydrothermal vent species that is found at most vent-sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This endemic species is found across a hydrothermal gradient, with thermal conditions ranging from 2–9°C in ambient seawater to fairly warm values of about 25°C. We performed in vivo experiments on M. fortunata specimens originating from different sites and depths (850 m to 2300 m), both at atmospheric pressure and in pressurized aquaria, to characterise the upper thermal limits of this species. Atmospheric pressure results show that thermal physiology should be studied at each population's native pressure. At in situ pressure, shrimps from Menez Gwen (850 m depth) and Lucky Strike (1700 m depth) do not survive temperatures of 39°C, and the `loss of equilibrium' response suggests that their critical thermal maximum (Ctmax), is about 36±1°C for both sites. This value is similar to those found for another vent shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, which is thought to be a more temperature-resistant organism, so temperature resistance does not appear to be a crucial factor for explaining differences in distribution of shrimp species in a given vent site. Finally, the data for both vent shrimps are also comparable to those of other non-vent tropical caridean species.
Modeling of Unbounded Long-Range Drift in Visual Odometry

Visual odometry is a new navigation technology using video data. For long-range navigation, an intrinsic problem of visual odometry is the appearance of drift. The drift is caused by error accumulation, as visual odometry is based on relative measurements, and will grow unboundedly with time. The paper first reviews algorithms which adopt various methods to suppress this drift. However, as far as we know, no work has been done to statistically model and analyze the intrinsic properties of this drift. This paper uses an unbounded system model to represent the drift behavior of visual odometry. The model is composed of an unbounded deterministic part with unknown constant parameters, and a first-order Gauss-Markov process. A simple scheme is given to identify the unknown parameters as well as the statistics of the stochastic part from experimental data. Experiments and discussions are also provided.
Nicht invasive Stimulationsverfahren in der Behandlung der Depression

Zusammenfassung Depressive Störungen gehören zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen weltweit. Trotz vielfältiger Therapieoptionen stellt die effektive Behandlung noch eine Herausforderung dar. Neben einer Psychotherapie und Psychopharmakotherapie haben sich in den letzten Jahren die „nicht invasiven Stimulationsverfahren“ zu einer weiteren, erfolgsversprechenden Behandlungsalternative entwickelt. Hierzu gehören die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) und die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS). rTMS und tDCS konnten in klinischen Studien ihre antidepressive Wirksamkeit und gute Verträglichkeit nachweisen. Die rTMS kann aufgrund der breiten Datenlage als etabliertes Verfahren zur Depressionsbehandlung angesehen werden. Für den Einsatz der tDCS in der Depressionsbehandlung liegen erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse vor, jedoch ist die Datenbasis noch deutlich geringer als für die rTMS, sodass weitere Studien abgewartet werden müssen, bevor eine endgültige Empfehlung gegeben werden kann. Summary Depressive disorders belong to the most frequent health diseases in the world. Despite a broad variety of therapeutic options, treatment stills remains challenging. In the last years, “non-invasive brain stimulation techniques” have been developed as new, promising treatment options. Among them, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been shown antidepressant efficacy and safety in clinical studies. Especially, rTMS has been established as an accepted treatment due to the broad evidence of efficacy. In contrast, tDCS has shown some promising results, but further studies are needed before recommendations for use in clinical routine can be made.