Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioprotective Alkaloids of Grass-Fungal Endophyte Symbioses

Symbiotic interactions of C3 grasses with fungal endophytes, Epichloe species and their asexual relatives Neotypkodium, often provide the grass hosts with major fitness enhancements (for review, see Siegel and Bush [1994]). The endophytes protect host plants from both biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. Documented enhancements to host fitness include greater resistance to mammalian and insect herbivores, pathogens, and nematodes, as well as increased drought tolerance and competitiveness. Our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for a11 of these effects on host fitness is not well established. However, the antiherbivore fitness enhancements are largely attributable to the accumulation of four groups of alkaloids: lolines, peramine, ergot alkaloids, and lolitrems. The objective of this Update is to present the current status of knowledge on these alkaloids, focusing on their biological activities and the potential for genetically manipulating their expression in grasslendophyte symbiota.
Multiview foreground segmentation using 3D probabilistic model

We propose a complete multi-view foreground segmentation and 3D reconstruction system that defines a 3-dimensional probabilistic model to model the foreground object in the 3 spatial dimensions, thus gathering the information from all the camera views. This 3D model is projected to each one of the views in order to perform the 2D segmentation with the foreground information shared by all the cameras. Then, for each one of the views, a MAP-MRF classification framework is applied between the projected region-based foreground model, the pixel-wise background model and the region-based shadow model defined for each view. The resultant masks are used to compute the next 3-dimensional reconstruction. This system achieves correct results by reducing the false positive and false negative errors in sequences where some camera sensors can present camouflage situations between foreground and background. Moreover, the use of the 3D model opens possibilities to use it for objects recognition or human activity understanding.
The Social Network and Relationship Finder: Social Sorting for Email Triage

Email triage is the process of going through unhandled email and deciding what to do with it. This process can quickly become a serious problem for users with large volumes of email. Studies have found that people use a variety of approaches to triage their email, many of which have a social component. We believe that email clients can better support email triage by providing users with additional sorting features based on socially salient information. We present a prototype email client, SNARF (the Social Network and Relationship Finder), that aggregates social meta-data about email correspondents to aid email triage. Users can then sort their correspondents based on this meta-data, bringing emails from socially important people to the foreground.
Challenges of Using Open Online Design Spaces: Case Monimos

Social software makes it possible to involve large user groups in innovation projects. In the Monimos case study an online innovation space was used for designing a social media service for a network of multicultural associations. Immigrant representatives participated in the core design team in regular face to face meetings and workshops. Additionally an online design space was used to make participation in certain design activities open for the public. Although open innovation may result in better solutions, a lot of facilitation is needed in order to integrate online contributions efficiently into the web service development process. In this paper we present the challenges of combining open and restricted design spaces with different participant groups.
Job mobility and subjective well-being in Europe: Do highly mobile workers feel worse?

espanolUna de las consecuencias de la globalizacion es el aumento de la movilidad por motivos de trabajo. Esta movilidad tiene efectos positivos y negativos sobre el bienestar de las personas. Basandonos en las dos oleadas (2007 y 2011) de la encuesta Job Mobilities and Family Life, se analizara el impacto que tienen las transiciones en la movilidad sobre el bienestar subjetivo, controlando la influencia de otras transiciones vitales relevantes (pareja, parentalidad, salud e ingresos) asi como el sexo. El analisis se basa en la tecnica de la regresion lineal ordinaria. Los resultados evidencian generalizados cambios en los niveles de estres y satisfaccion. Estos cambios no son todos aleatorios, sino que guardan relacion con las transiciones en la movilidad y demas variables consideradas. Mientras que los cambios en la satisfaccion con el trabajo estan condicionados por las transiciones en la movilidad en la direccion esperada, los efectos sobre la satisfaccion con la vida en general dependen mas de los efectos sobre la satisfaccion con el trabajo en funcion de las ventajas e inconvenientes de la movilidad. En el caso de los niveles de estres, no se observa una relacion clara con la movilidad, una vez controlados otros cambios relevantes. EnglishOne of the consequences of globalisation is an increase in the working population’s geographical mobility. This mobility can have important effects for individuals, both positively and negatively, on well-being. Based on both waves of the survey Job Mobilities and Family Life (2007 and 2011), we will discuss the impact of entering, leaving and staying in mobility compared to not being mobile on subjective well-being, controlling for other relevant transitions in life (partnership, parenthood, health and financial situation), as well as gender. As analytic strategy we will use OLS regression models of the changes between both waves of four SWB indicators. Results show that SWB indicators have changed for most of the interviewed persons during the period under observation. These changes are not all random, but are related in different degree with the variables under analysis. Whilst satisfaction with work is related with mobility transitions in the expected direction, in the case of life satisfaction the impact of spatial mobility operates mainly through its impact on job satisfaction, which in turn depends on the balance of advantages and cost derived from mobility. In the case of stress, no clear relationship with mobility patterns can be identified once controlled for other relevant variables.
Altered Association of Protein Tyrosine Kinases with Postsynaptic Densities after Transient Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat Brain

Transient cerebral ischemia results in an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins associated with postsynaptic densities (PSDs). The authors investigated the possible mechanisms behind this increase by analyzing isolated PSDs for protein tyrosine kinase activity and for the presence of specific tyrosine kinases. Transient (15 minutes) global ischemia was produced in adult rats by four-vessel occlusion, and PSDs were isolated immediately after ischemia or after 20 minutes or 6 hours of reperfusion. Tyrosine phosphorylation of several PSD proteins, including the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B, was enhanced relative to shams after 20 minutes of reperfusion and underwent a further increase between 20 minutes and 6 hours. The ability of intrinsic PSD tyrosine kinase to phosphorylate PSD proteins, including the NMDA receptor, increased threefold after ischemia. Whereas PSD-associated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) and gp145TrkB were elevated immediately after the ischemic event, increases in Src and Fyn were not apparent until 6 hours of reperfusion. The level of PSD-associated pp125FAK decreased after ischemia. The results demonstrate that ischemia results in selective changes in the association of protein tyrosine kinases with the PSD which may account for ischemia-induced increases in the tyrosine phosphorylation of PSD proteins.
Differential Proteomics in Dequeened Honeybee Colonies Reveals Lower Viral Load in Hemolymph of Fertile Worker Bees

The eusocial societies of honeybees, where the queen is the only fertile female among tens of thousands sterile worker bees, have intrigued scientists for centuries. The proximate factors, which cause the inhibition of worker bee ovaries, remain largely unknown; as are the factors which cause the activation of worker ovaries upon the loss of queen and brood in the colony. In an attempt to reveal key players in the regulatory network, we made a proteomic comparison of hemolymph profiles of workers with completely activated ovaries vs. rudimentary ovaries. An unexpected finding of this study is the correlation between age matched worker sterility and the enrichment of Picorna-like virus proteins. Fertile workers, on the other hand, show the upregulation of potential components of the immune system. It remains to be investigated whether viral infections contribute to worker sterility directly or are the result of a weaker immune system of sterile workers.
Solution structure of a let-7 miRNA:lin-41 mRNA complex from C. elegans

let-7 microRNA (miRNA) regulates heterochronic genes in developmental timing of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Binding of miRNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) and structural features of the complex are crucial for gene silencing. We herein present the NMR solution structure of a model mimicking the interaction of let-7 miRNA with its complementary site (LCS 2) in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of the lin-41 mRNA. A structural study was performed by NMR spectroscopy using NOE restraints, torsion angle restraints and residual dipolar couplings. The 33-nt RNA construct folds into a stem–loop structure that features two stem regions which are separated by an asymmetric internal loop. One of the stems comprises a GU wobble base pair, which does not alter its overall A-form RNA conformation. The asymmetric internal loop adopts a single, well-defined structure in which three uracils form a base triple, while two adenines form a base pair. The 3D structure of the construct gives insight into the structural aspects of interactions between let-7 miRNA and lin-41 mRNA.
Manufacturing Growth and Financial Development: Evidence from OECD Countries

Recent theoretical models conjecture that the development of the financial sector is essential for economic growth. We investigate this hypothesis from a time-series perspective and find that financial sector GDP is cointegrated for many OECD countries not so much with manufacturing GDP but mostly with manufacturing total factor productivity. Moreover, this relation is in some instances characterized by long-run causality in the sense of Granger and Lin. However, even within this homogeneous group of countries, the variety of results suggests a more complex picture than is apparent from cross-sectional evidence.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas Strain P818, Isolated from Glyphosate-Polluted Soil

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas strain P818 was isolated from glyphosate-polluted soil in China. This bacterium presents a capacity for high glyphosate tolerance. We present the draft genome sequence of the strain Pseudomonas P818. The genes involved in the glyphosate tolerance were identified. This genomic information will facilitate the study of glyphosate tolerance mechanisms.
A Multi-Core Pipelined Architecture for Parallel Computing

Parallel programming on multi-core processors has become the industry's biggest software challenge. This paper proposes a novel parallel architecture for executing sequential programs using multi-core pipelining based on program slicing by a new memory/cache dynamic management technology. The new architecture is very suitable for processing large geospatial data in parallel without parallel programming. This paper presents a new architecture for parallel computation that addresses the problem of requiring to relocate data from one memory hierarchy to another in a multi-core environment. A new memory management technology inserts a layer of abstraction between the processor and the memory hierarchy, allowing the data to stay in one place while the processor effectively migrates as tasks change. The new architecture can make full use of the pipeline and automatically partition data then schedule them onto multi-cores through the pipeline. The most important advantage of this architecture is that most existing sequential programs can be directly used with nearly no change, unlike conventional parallel programming which has to take into account scheduling, load balancing, and data distribution. The new parallel architecture can also be successfully applied to other multi-core/many-core architectures or heterogeneous systems. In this paper, the design of the new multi-core architecture is described in detail. The time complexity and performance analysis are discussed in depth. The experimental results and performance comparison with existing multi-core architectures demonstrate the effectiveness, flexibility, and diversity of the new architecture, in particular, for Big Data parallel processing.
Self-Supervised Chinese Ontology Learning from Online Encyclopedias

Constructing ontology manually is a time-consuming, error-prone, and tedious task. We present SSCO, a self-supervised learning based chinese ontology, which contains about 255 thousand concepts, 5 million entities, and 40 million facts. We explore the three largest online Chinese encyclopedias for ontology learning and describe how to transfer the structured knowledge in encyclopedias, including article titles, category labels, redirection pages, taxonomy systems, and InfoBox modules, into ontological form. In order to avoid the errors in encyclopedias and enrich the learnt ontology, we also apply some machine learning based methods. First, we proof that the self-supervised machine learning method is practicable in Chinese relation extraction (at least for synonymy and hyponymy) statistically and experimentally and train some self-supervised models (SVMs and CRFs) for synonymy extraction, concept-subconcept relation extraction, and concept-instance relation extraction; the advantages of our methods are that all training examples are automatically generated from the structural information of encyclopedias and a few general heuristic rules. Finally, we evaluate SSCO in two aspects, scale and precision; manual evaluation results show that the ontology has excellent precision, and high coverage is concluded by comparing SSCO with other famous ontologies and knowledge bases; the experiment results also indicate that the self-supervised models obviously enrich SSCO.
Ionization dynamics in nm-sized clusters interacting with intense laser fields ∗

The interaction of intense laser radiation with clusters is of on-going interest. Femtosecond laser pulses can provide the possibility both of high intensities and of a fine time resolution. Thus the dynamics of the processes can be investigated. With special pulse shapes, the dynamics of the system can be specifically affected. The interaction with electromagnetic fields is very effective because they are objects with initially solid-like atomic density in a nanometer scale size. Consequently, in cluster experiments the emission of highly charged ions, energetic electrons and fast fragments is observed. Different theoretical models and simulations indicate that resonant collective absorption plays the central role. Another topic of current discussion is the influence of the dense cluster environment on the ionization processes itself. The rapid expansion of irradiated clusters is essential as at a certain time the cluster reaches the density fullfilling the resonance condition. This can occur during a single pulse. Another method which allows a better control is the dual-pulse laser excitation with varying time delay between two pulses. Such experiments were performed recently by Döppner et al. (2006) for silver clusters showing a strong dependence of the highly charged ion yield as well as of the maximum energy of emitted electrons on the delay time. Motivated by these dual pulse experiments, we have started first calculations with the nanoplasma model [1]. The aim is to understand the occurrence of the highly charged ions. The numerical results show that there is an enhanced yield of highly charged ions for an optimum delay of the pulses which confirms qualitatively the results of recent experimental investigations. Further, we found that for a specific cluster size the ion yield is maximal in near-to-resonance excitation, but has a minimum at the resonance itself which does not agree with earlier assumptions. The reason for this behavior is that the strong heating at resonant excitation leads to a fast expansion with a rapid decrease of the electron density which explains the absent of highly charged ions. Such a behavior was not found in the experiment with the simple explanation that the signal is smeared out because there is a cluster size distribution. An experimental verification of this effect would require a size selected cluster beam. An important issue is the improvement of the ionization kinetics description. In a recent paper, Gets and Krainov have calculated the supression of ionization potentials for rare gas cluster conditions. The description with a Debye potential which bases on a linear screening assumption is possibly not appropriate for the whole evolution of the clus-
p63 expression profiles in human normal and tumor tissues.

PURPOSE The p63 gene, located on chromosome 3q27-28, is a member of the p53 gene family. The product encoded by the p63 gene has been reported to be essential for normal development. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we examined the expression pattern of p63 in human normal and tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody (clone 4A4) that recognizes all p63 splice variants, and by reverse transcription-PCR using isoform-specific primers. RESULTS We found that p63 expression was restricted to the nucleus, with a nucleoplasmic pattern. We also observed that the expression was restricted to epithelial cells of stratified epithelia, such as skin, esophagus, exocervix, tonsil, and bladder, and to certain subpopulations of basal cells in glandular structures of prostate and breast, as well as in bronchi. Consistent with the phenotype observed in normal tissues, we found that p63 is expressed predominantly in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, as well as transitional cell carcinomas, but not in adenocarcinomas, including those of breast and prostate. Interestingly, thymomas expressed high levels of p63. Moreover, a subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was also found to express p63. Using isoform-specific reverse transcription-PCR, we found that thymomas express all isoforms of p63, whereas the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma tended to express the transactivation-competent isoforms. We did not detect p63 expression in a variety of endocrine tumors, germ cell neoplasms, or melanomas. Additionally, soft tissue sarcomas were also found to have undetectable p63 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a role for p63 in squamous and transitional cell carcinomas, as well as certain lymphomas and thymomas.
Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Having an Abortion Using Mifepristone and Home Misoprostol: a Qualitative Analysis of Women's Experiences

Women base their decision to have an abortion on their current life setting, even though having an abortion may conflict with their moral or religious beliefs. Researchers who conducted in-depth interviews with women with un-wanted pregnancies found that the decision whether to have a surgical abortion or carry a pregnancy to term was based more on practical and personal considerations than on political and ethical arguments about abortion. 1 A study of Puerto Rican women who had decided to have an abortion revealed that women integrated their decisions with other parts of their lives and considered how their lives and relationships might change if they did not have an abortion. 2 These women sought to maintain their current identities, preserve their emotional and physical health, cope with the threat of abandonment by their partners after giving birth and, for women whose partner wanted them to have a baby, resist male control. A study of American women reported that upon deciding to have an abortion, women expressed feelings of developing a new self, coming to terms with their bodies and using contraception, and adjusting to shifting personal relationships. 3 Several studies have examined women's preferences for medical versus surgical abortion. One article reviewed 12 published studies in which respondents were offered a choice of techniques and found that 60–70% of patients chose the medical procedure. 4 The most common reasons women gave for selecting medical abortion were that the procedure offered greater privacy and autonomy, was less invasive and was more natural than surgery. Another study found that among 86 women requesting medical abortions, 48% wanted to avoid surgery. 5 The same proportion gave this response in a prospective trial of 300 women seeking an elective abortion using methotrexate. 6 Another study found that 116 of 405 patients at a freestanding abortion clinic chose methotrexate instead of a surgical abortion. 7 A study that demonstrated the psychological safety of medical abortion also found that younger women in this study were more likely to select a surgical procedure than older women. Overall, the reasons most women listed as " very important " when deciding to have a medical abortion were the timing (the option to have the abortion before seven weeks' gestation, which is thought by most practitioners to be too early for a surgical abortion), privacy and fear of surgery. 8 An additional study found that women chose mifepristone with home …
Interaction Dynamics in Collaborative Design Discourse

Computer conferencing is an important emerging technology that promises to have dramatic effects on coordinating the development of large‐scale engineering projects. The technology provides instant inexpensive access to all those involved in a project, thereby reducing project costs and enhancing quality. This article outlines key principles that are necessary to realize the full potential of computer‐mediated communication and coordination of group work in the architecture/engineering/construction (AEC) industry. The approaches proposed are based on an analysis of collaborative design discourse data in physical meeting settings. The interactions of group members have been modeled, and the results have been statistically verified. Based on this model, deficiencies in current computer‐mediated communication are outlined, and a set of principles for effective conferencing systems is formulated to address these defficiencies. Implementations of these recommendations have been integrated into a distributed collaborative design tool being developed by this research group.
Measuring Carbon Emissions Performance in 123 Countries: Application of Minimum Distance to the Strong Efficiency Frontier Analysis

In this paper, we have proposed a general approach to obtain a projection of the nearest targets and minimum distance for a given unit. The method takes undesirable output into account. The idea behind it is that nearest targets and minimum distance lead to less variation in inputs and outputs of the inefficient decision making units (DMUs) being evaluated to reach the production possibility set (PPS) frontier. Our results have shown that the carbon emissions comprehensive performance indexes (CECPIs) of developing countries are lower than those of developed countries, and that the inefficiency shares of energy consumption, capital stock and desirable output are declining while those of labor force and undesirable output are climbing. Further, using cluster analysis, we have shown that nine countries, including Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Iraq, should take severe measures to save energy and reduce carbon emissions. Moreover, the gap in CECPIs among the 123 countries is narrowing by kernel density estimation.