Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Merkel cell carcinoma associated with lobular carcinoma of the breast presenting synchronously within the same lymph node.

An 81-year-old lady presented with a 4.5×3.0 cm pedunculated mass on her right forearm and a history of weight loss. A large palpable lymph node was present in the right axilla. Relevant past medical history included a locally-confined squamous cell carcinoma of the left mandible that had been completely excised 4 years earlier. Diagnostic excision biopsy of the forearm mass revealed an undifferentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, possibly a Merkel cell carcinoma. Right axillary dissection was subsequently undertaken and 5 of the 11 nodes examined demonstrated cells of Merkel cell origin. At follow-up 2 weeks later, a 7×5 cm left breast lump was discovered with associated skin tethering and nipple retraction. A large, firm lymph node was palpable in the left axilla. Core biopsy confirmed an oestrogen receptor positive, grade II, invasive lobular carcinoma. A further review of the right axillary nodal tissue demonstrated the presence of lobular carcinoma of breast (Figure 1) in addition to the earlier reported Merkel cell carcinoma (Figure 2) within the same lymph node. As the history of metastatic carcinoma precluded surgical intervention, the patient was treated by primary endocrine therapy with oral aromatase inhibitors (tamoxifen was contraindicated due to the high risk of deep vein thrombosis secondary to the patient’s restricted mobility). Shortly afterwards the
The Influence of Education on Attitudes toward Affirmative Action: The Role of the Policy's Strength

The present research examined the influence of education on attitudes toward affirmative action. Studies 1 and 2 showed no impact of education on attitudes toward “soft” policies of affirmative action. In contrast, they showed less support of the more educated to “hard” policies of affirmative action. Neither prejudice (Study 2), nor understanding of the affirmative-action policies (Study 3)accounted for this effect. Study 4 demonstrated that the education effect is mediated by the threat posed by strong plans to meritocratic beliefs. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
UČESTALOST I MEĐUODNOSI KOREKTIVNIH I PREVENTIVNIH ODGOJNIH POSTUPAKA MAJKI DJECE PREDŠKOLSKE DOBI

Roditelji sudjeluju u regulaciji djetetovog ponasanja sirokim repertoarom svojih postupaka. Preventivni odgojni postupci određeni su kao postupci prihvacanja djeteta i poticanja poželjnog ponasanja. Korektivni odgojni postupci odnose se na roditeljske reakcije na djecje neprimjereno ponasanje s namjerom da se ono ispravi, a ukljucuju postupke kažnjavanja i alternative kažnjavanju. Na prigodnom uzorku majki sestogodisnjaka (N=329) utvrđeno je da one najvise koriste preventivne odgojne postupke, zatim alternative kažnjavanju pa kažnjavanje. Među najzastupljenijim postupcima poticanja poželjnog ponasanja su izražavanje priznanja djetetu za njegova nastojanja i tjesenje djeteta kad je uznemireno, dok je dopustanje donosenja odluka djetetu najmanje zastupljeno. Od ispitivanih postupaka kažnjavanja majke izvjestavaju da u prosjeku nekoliko puta mjesecno koriste vikanje na dijete, a nekoliko puta godisnje udaranje po stražnjici. Od alternativa kažnjavanju u prosjeku svakodnevno koriste pohvale, tjedno pokazuju primjerom i objasnjavaju pravila ponasanja, nekoliko puta mjesecno nadziru djetetovo ponasanje, a nekoliko puta godisnje ga nagrađuju materijalnim nagradama. Dobivene povezanosti roditeljskih postupaka ukazuju na razlicitost prirode ponasanja roditelja usmjerenih korigiranju nepoželjnih ponasanja djeteta od nacina kojima roditelji poticu poželjno ponasanje. Preusmjeravanjem sredista interesa teorije i empirijskih istraživanja s nepoželjnih roditeljskih postupaka poput kažnjavanja na alternative kažnjavanju i preventivne odgojne postupke daje se doprinos razvijanju spoznaja o pozitivnom roditeljstvu.
Human Action Recognition Using Acceleration Information Based On Hidden Markov Model

This paper investigates the best feature parameter for human action recognition by using Hidden Markov Model (HMM) with triaxial acceleration sensor information. Our target is to recognize six types of basic actions (walk, stay, sit down, stand up, lie down, get up) in the room of daily life. First, as parameters in time domain, acceleration information in three axes and their derivatives are used as the baseline method. Secondly, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients are used as feature parameters in frequency domain. As the recognition result, the best recognition rate was obtained when MFCC and its ∆ elements of the axis that contained most of gravitational acceleration information.
Niche Partitioning in Three Sympatric Congeneric Species of Dragonfly, Orthetrum chrysostigma, O. coerulescens anceps, and O. nitidinerve: The Importance of Microhabitat

Abstract Habitat heterogeneity has been shown to promote co-existence of closely related species. Based on this concept, a field study was conducted on the niche partitioning of three territorial congeneric species of skimmers (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) in Northeast Algeria during the breeding season of 2011. According to their size, there is a descending hierarchy between Orthetrum nitidinerve Sélys, O. chrysostigma (Burmeister), and O. coerulescens anceps (Schneider). After being marked and surveyed, the two latter species had the same breeding behavior sequence. Knowing that they had almost the same size, such species could not co-occur in the same habitat according to the competitive exclusion principle. The spatial distribution of the three species was investigated at two different microhabitats, and it was found that these two species were actually isolated at this scale. O. chrysostigma and O. nitidinerve preferred open areas, while O. c. anceps occurred in highly vegetated waters. This study highlights the role of microhabitat in community structure as an important niche axis that maintains closely related species in the same habitat.
‘I don't have anything to hide, but … ': the challenges and negotiations of social and mobile media privacy for non-dominant youth

Drawing from interviews and focus groups with teens in a low-income and ethnically diverse high school in central Texas, this paper explores the unique social privacy challenges and strategies of low-income and non-dominant youth. Situating the research in a broader context in which non-dominant teens are increasingly surveilled, I demonstrate how teens manage social privacy in at least three ways. First, they negotiate liminal boundaries of what constitutes a communal or shareable mobile device, which are structured around financial constraints. Second, through nonuse, they actively resist the ways mobile and social media reconfigure social and physical spaces. Third, they deliberately use multiple platforms as a way to cope with evolving privacy settings, social norms, and technological affordances; this is a deliberate strategy intended to resist social convergence. Because low-income and non-dominant youth are increasingly surveilled by adults, peers, and institutions, it is imperative that they find spaces that afford greater freedom of expression, interest-based communities, and privacy.
Early Development of Executive Function: A Problem-Solving Framework

Executive function (EF) accounts have now been offered for several disorders with childhood onset (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, early-treated phenylketonuria), and EF has been linked to the development of numerous abilities (e.g., attention, rule use, theory of mind). However, efforts to explain behavior in terms of EF have been hampered by an inadequate characterization of EF itself. What is the function that is accomplished by EF? The present analysis attempts to ground the construct of EF in an account of problem solving and thereby to integrate temporally and functionally distinct aspects of EF within a coherent framework. According to this problem-solving framework, EF is a macroconstruct that spans 4 phases of problem solving (representation, planning, execution, and evaluation). When analyzed into subfunctions, macroconstructs such as EF permit the integration of findings from disparate content domains, which are often studied in isolation from the broader context of reasoning and action. A review of the literature on the early development of EF reveals converging evidence for domain-general changes in all aspects of EF.
Tail distribution of the maximum of correlated Gaussian random variables

In this article we consider the efficient estimation of the tail distribution of the maximum of correlated normal random variables. We show that the currently recommended Monte Carlo estimator has difficulties in quantifying its precision, because its sample variance estimator is an inefficient estimator of the true variance. We propose a simple remedy: to still use this estimator, but to rely on an alternative quantification of its precision. In addition to this we also consider a completely new sequential importance sampling estimator of the desired tail probability. Numerical experiments suggest that the sequential importance sampling estimator can be significantly more efficient than its competitor.
Nix Is Critical to Two Distinct Phases of Mitophagy, Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Autophagy Induction and Parkin-Ubiquitin-p62-mediated Mitochondrial Priming*

Damaged mitochondria can be eliminated by autophagy, i.e. mitophagy, which is important for cellular homeostasis and cell survival. Despite the fact that a number of factors have been found to be important for mitophagy in mammalian cells, their individual roles in the process had not been clearly defined. Parkin is a ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase able to translocate to the mitochondria that are to be removed. We showed here in a chemical hypoxia model of mitophagy induced by an uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) that Parkin translocation resulted in mitochondrial ubiquitination and p62 recruitment to the mitochondria. Small inhibitory RNA-mediated knockdown of p62 significantly diminished mitochondrial recognition by the autophagy machinery and the subsequent elimination. Thus Parkin, ubiquitin, and p62 function in preparing mitochondria for mitophagy, here referred to as mitochondrial priming. However, these molecules were not required for the induction of autophagy machinery. Neither Parkin nor p62 seemed to affect autophagy induction by CCCP. Instead, we found that Nix was required for the autophagy induction. Nix promoted CCCP-induced mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species generation, which inhibited mTOR signaling and activated autophagy. Nix also contributed to mitochondrial priming by controlling the mitochondrial translocation of Parkin, although reactive oxygen species generation was not involved in this step. Deletion of the C-terminal membrane targeting sequence but not mutations in the BH3 domain disabled Nix for these functions. Our work thus distinguished the molecular events responsible for the different phases of mitophagy and placed Nix upstream of the events.
Classes of tissue hypoxia

We identify eight causes of tissue hypoxia, falling into three classes, A, B, and C, depending upon the effect on the critical mixed venous pO2 and the optimal oxygen consumption rate. The critical mixed venous pO2 is the value above which the oxygen consumption rate is optimal and independent of the mixed venous pO2 and below which the oxygen consumption rate decreases towards zero. Class A hypoxia: primary decrease in mixed venous pO2. Causes: 1) ischaemic hypoxia (decrease in cardiac output), 2) low‐extractivity hypoxia (decrease in oxygen extraction tension, p8). Class B hypoxia: primary increase in critical mixed venous pO2. Causes: 1) shunt hypoxia (increased a‐v shunting), 2) dysperfusion hypoxia (increased diffusion length from erythrocytes to mitochondria and/or decreased total capillary endothelial diffusion area, e. g., tissue oedema, microembolism), 3) histotoxic hypoxia (inhibition of the cytochrome chain). Class C hypoxia: primary increase in optimal oxygen consumption rate. Causes: 1) uncoupling hypoxia (uncoupling of the ATP formation associated with O2 reduction), 2) hypermetabolic hypoxia (increased energy metabolism, e. g., due to hyperthermia).
A de-mixing algorithm based on the second order sample moment for independent component analysis

For the data which are mixed with an orthogonal system in the independent component analysis, that is the mixing matrix of the observation data is an orthogonal matrix, there is no an algorithm in this case at present except ones to the data with a general nonsingular mixing matrix. This paper presents an algorithm for this kind of the low order correlation data. The algorithm can be ensured in theory that the feasible solution of the problem with an orthogonal mixing matrix is the global optimal solution. Simulation experiments illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Explaining National Differences in Education-work Transitions

ABSTRACT In the 1980s and 1990s the study of education-work transitions took a comparative turn. Researchers sought to identify national differences in transition processes and outcomes and explain them in terms of institutional characteristics of national ‘transition systems’. This was an ambitious aim because it required the study of transitions to develop as a field of ‘macro’ social-science research, while continuing also to use theories, techniques of analysis and data associated with ‘micro’ research. This paper reviews the progress of transition-system research over the past 20 years. It describes the development of the research field and how it has been shaped by its theoretical origins, the political context, the availability of data and the organisation of research. The research has made significant if uneven progress towards explaining national differences in transitions; its achievements appear more significant when viewed from a perspective which emphasises the case-oriented rather than variables-oriented aims of comparative research.
DYNAMIC CLUSTERING-BASED METHOD FOR SHAPE RECOGNITION AND RETRIEVAL

This paper presents a shape matching framework based on a new shape decomposition approach. A new region-based shape descriptor is proposed to compute the best match between given 2D or 3D shapes. In order to find similar shapes in a database, we first split the interior of each shape into the adequate set of parts, classes, or ellipsoids, then find the corresponding parts between different shapes, and finally compute their similarity. Essentially, we compute the best shape decomposition into k classes using an improved version of the kmeans clustering algorithm without prior fixing of the number of parts. Additionally, we propose a new tool which determines the best ellipsoids packing in order to efficiently represent a shape according to its components. The shape recognition process compares the optimal ellipsoidal partition of the new shape with the different models of a database and extracts the closest shapes. The performances of our shape matching framework are shown through experiments on various data of MPEG-7 and benchmark databases.
A test of the predictions of processing efficiency theory during elite team competition using the Thought Occurrence Questionnaire for Sport.

The current study aimed to test the predictions of processing efficiency theory (PET) (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992) in an ecologically valid, team sport competition. Eighteen, elite female hockey players taking part in an international competition were categorised as either high or low trait anxious (HTA, LTA). Games were categorised as being either of high or low criticality, and players’ individual performance was assessed independently by two senior international coaches. Cognitive state anxiety, as indexed by the frequency of ‘performance worry’ cognitive intrusions, and subsequent mental effort expenditure were assessed using the Thought Occurrence Questionnaire for Sport (Hatzigeorgiadis & Biddle, 2000). While anxiety (p .05). As predicted by PET, performance was maintained at the expense of processing efficiency, and this effect was more marked in HTA individuals.
The Mismanagement of Talent: Employability and Jobs in the Knowledge Economy

The knowledge economy conjures a world of smart people, in smart jobs, doing smart things, in smart ways, for smart money, a world increasingly open to all rather than a few. Glossy corporate brochures present a future in challenging, exciting and financially rewarding jobs for the winners in the competition for fast track management appointments. They also convey an image of enlightened employers actively seeking to diversify their talent pool, reflected in their approach to identifying, hiring and retaining outstanding talent. We are told that the challenge confronting governments around the world is to enhance the employability of the workforce. Every effort must be made to expand access to higher education, dismantle barriers to talent regardless of social circumstances, gender, or skin colour, and to harness human creativity and enterprise to meet the demands of the new economy. The Mismanagement of Talent comes to a different conclusion. Those leaving the world of mass higher education find themselves in a scramble for jobs with rising stakes for the winners and losers. The Mismanagement of Talent examines what determines the outcome of this race when a degree loses its badge of distinction. It shows how some graduates are playing 'the game' to win a competitive advantage and what really happens in the selection events of leading-edge employers. It also argues that talent is being mismanaged by employers that have yet to come to terms with the realities and possibilities of mass higher education. The Mismanagement of Talent will be thought-provoking and controversial reading for those involved in the recruitment of graduates, and those concerned with the way knowledge-based firms recruit and the impact of higher education policy: Professionals working in university careers services, HRM, training, or recruitment generally; Researchers, academics, or students of Business and Management, Human Resource Management, Public Policy, Education, or Sociology; and Job candidates themselves - the 'players' and 'purists' described in the book.
Resonating feathers produce courtship song

Male Club-winged Manakins, Machaeropterus deliciosus (Aves: Pipridae), produce a sustained tonal sound with specialized wing feathers. The fundamental frequency of the sound produced in nature is approximately 1500 Hz and is hypothesized to result from excitation of resonance in the feathers' hypertrophied shafts. We used laser Doppler vibrometry to determine the resonant properties of male Club-winged Manakin's wing feathers, as well as those of two unspecialized manakin species. The modified wing feathers exhibit a response peak near 1500 Hz, and unusually high Q-values (a measure of resonant tuning) for biological objects (Q up to 27). The unmodified wing feathers of the Club-winged Manakin do not exhibit strong resonant properties when measured in isolation. However, when measured still attached to the modified feathers (nine feathers held adjacent by an intact ligament), they resonate together as a unit near 1500 Hz, and the wing produces a second harmonic of similar or greater amplitude than the fundamental. The feathers of the control species also exhibit resonant peaks around 1500 Hz, but these are significantly weaker, the wing does not resonate as a unit and no harmonics are produced. These results lend critical support to the resonant stridulation hypothesis of sound production in M. deliciosus.
Author ' s personal copy Signi fi cant effect of grain size distribution on compaction rates in granular aggregates

a r t i c l e i n f o We investigate the role of pressure solution in deformation of upper-to mid-crustal rocks using aggregates of halite as a room temperature analog for fluid-assisted deformation processes in the Earth's crust. Experiments evaluate the effects of initial grain size distribution on macroscopic pressure solution rate of the aggregate and compare the results to theoretical models for pressure solution. We find that the grain size exponent deviates significantly from the theoretical value of 3 for diffusion-controlled pressure solution. Models typically assume mono-dispersed spherical particles in pseudo-regular packing. We infer that the discrepancy between experimentally determined grain size exponents and the theoretical values are a result of deviation of experimental (and natural) samples from regular packs of mono-dispersed spherical particles. Moreover, we find that compaction rates can vary by up to one order of magnitude as a function of the width of the grain size distribution for a given mean grain size. Wider size distributions allow for higher initial compaction rates, increasing the macroscopic compaction rate with respect to more narrow grain size distributions. Grain sizes in rocks, fault gouges, and hydrocarbon reservoirs are typically log-normal or power law distributed and therefore pressure solution rates may significantly exceed theoretical predictions. Spatiotemporal variations in pressure solution rates due to variations in grain size may cause the formation of low porosity zones, which could potentially focus deformation in these zones and produce pockets of high pore pressures, promoting nucleation of frictional instability and earthquake rupture. Fluids are ubiquitous in the Earth's crust and play an important role in the evolution of fluid reservoirs, the development and migration of oil, gas and ore deposits and in the seismic cycle (i.e. fault healing, sealing, pore pressure evolution). Pressure solution is the serial process of dissolution of material at stressed grain contacts, diffusion of this material out of the grain contact and subsequent transport via the pore fluid or precipitation on the pore walls. Much experimental and modeling work has been done to investigate the process of pressure solution (e. Despite these efforts, there is still considerable discrepancy between experimental and modeling results. The disagreement is primarily in the rate limiting mechanism (i.e. diffusion, dissolution, or precipitation) under varying conditions of pressure, temperature and grain size, because knowledge of the mechanistic kinetics at grain contacts is limited (especially for diffusion). Moreover, typical models of pressure solution assume …
Network tomography on correlated links

Network tomography establishes linear relationships between the characteristics of individual links and those of end-to-end paths. It has been proved that these relationships can be used to infer the characteristics of links from end-to-end measurements, provided that links are not correlated, i.e., the status of one link is independent from the status of other links. In this paper, we consider the problem of identifying link characteristics from end-to-end measurements when links are "correlated," i.e., the status of one link may depend on the status of other links. There are several practical scenarios in which this can happen; for instance, if we know the network topology at the IP-link or at the domain-link level, then links from the same local-area network or the same administrative domain are potentially correlated, since they may be sharing physical links, network equipment, even management processes. We formally prove that, under certain well defined conditions, network tomography works when links are correlated, in particular, it is possible to identify the probability that each link is congested from end-to-end measurements. We also present a practical algorithm that computes these probabilities. We evaluate our algorithm through extensive simulations and show that it is accurate in a variety of realistic congestion scenarios.