Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical and radio observations of a sample of 52 powerful ultra-steep spectrum radio sources ,

We present the results of radio (VLA) and optical (ESO/La Silla) imaging of a sample of 52 radio sources having an ultra-steep radio spectrum with α mostly steeper than −1.1 at decimetre wavelengths (median α = −1.22). Radio-optical overlays are presented to an astrometric accuracy of ∼1 �� . For 41 of the sources, radio spectral indices are newly determined using unpublished observations made with the 100-m Effelsberg radio telescope. For 14 of the sources identified with relatively brighter optical counterparts, spectroscopic observations were also carried out at La Silla and their redshifts are found to lie in the range 0.4 to 2.6. These observations have revealed three distant clusters of galaxies with redshifts of 0.55, 0.75 and 0.79, and we suggest that, together with an ultra-steep radio spectrum and relaxed radio morphology, the presence of a LINER spectrum in the optical can be used as a powerful indicator of rich clusters of galaxies. Additional candidates of this type in our sample are pointed out. Also, sources exhibiting particularly interesting radio-optical morphological relationships are highlighted. We further note the presence of six sources in our sample for which the optical counterpart (either detected or undetected) is fainter than R ∼ 24 and the radio extent is small (<10 �� ). These ultra-steep spectrum radio sources are good signposts for discovering massive galaxies out to very large redshifts.
Calculations of single crystal elastic constants for yttria partially stabilised zirconia from powder diffraction data

Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (YSZ) is a tough, phase-transforming ceramic that finds use in a wide range of commercial applications from dental prostheses to thermal barrier coatings. Micromechanical modelling of phase transformation can deliver reliable predictions in terms of the influence of temperature and stress. However, models must rely on the accurate knowledge of single crystal elastic stiffness constants. Some techniques for elastic stiffness determination are well-established. The most popular of these involve exploiting frequency shifts and phase velocities of acoustic waves. However, the application of these techniques to YSZ can be problematic due to the micro-twinning observed in larger crystals. Here, we propose an alternative approach based on selective elastic strain sampling (e.g., by diffraction) of grain ensembles sharing certain orientation, and the prediction of the same quantities by polycrystalline modelling, for example, the Reuss or Voigt average. The inverse problem arises consisting of adjusting the single crystal stiffness matrix to match the polycrystal predictions to observations. In the present model-matching study, we sought to determine the single crystal stiffness matrix of tetragonal YSZ using the results of time-of-flight neutron diffraction obtained from an in situ compression experiment and Finite Element modelling of the deformation of polycrystalline tetragonal YSZ. The best match between the model predictions and observations was obtained for the optimized stiffness values of C11 = 451, C33 = 302, C44 = 39, C66 = 82, C12 = 240, and C13 = 50 (units: GPa). Considering the significant amount of scatter in the published literature data, our result appears reasonably consistent.
A computational study of the structure, lattice and defect properties of pure and doped F- and OH--topaz

This paper describes a computer modelling study of the F− and OH− forms of topaz, Al2SiO4(OH,F)2. A potential model is developed, and used to calculate the perfect lattice and defect properties of both forms of the mineral. Excellent agreement between experimental and calculated phonon frequencies is obtained. Predictions are made of the probable intrinsic defect structure and of the location of dopant ions incorporated in ion implantation.
Fatigue In Children With Cancer Who Receive Chemotherapy

Fatigue in children with cancer is a physical, mental, and emotional experience characterized by reduced energy, decreased physical activity, and increased feelings of fatigue. So far, health workers have assumed that fatigue is a subjective feeling and is not life-threatening. If not handled properly, fatigue can reduce the quality of life. This study aimed to identify the level of fatigue in children with cancer. This research used a descriptive quantitative method. According to the inclusion criteria: 1) the respondents are children with cancer aged 6-18 years; 2) the children is undergoing treatment or medication, and 3) the general condition of the children is good. Technique sampling used consecutive sampling to get 74 children with cancer. The instruments used were the Childhood Fatigue Scale (CFS) to measure the level of fatigue in children and the Fatigue Scale-Adolescent (FSA) to measure the level of fatigue in adolescents. Data analysis using the mean value and frequency distribution. The results showed that based on the fatigue questionnaire of children with cancer who receive chemotherapy, most of them had a severe fatigue scale of 56 people (75.7%). Meanwhile, a small proportion of children had a mild fatigue scale of as many as 18 people (24.3%). In this study, all children with cancer experienced fatigue. It interrupts or limits their daily activities and significantly influences different aspects of personal life. Children can still felt fatigued even after chemotherapy is over. Nurses as health workers who have the most frequent contact with children must provide appropriate nursing interventions for cancer to minimize fatigue.
The Effect of Rotation on Thermoelastic Microelongated Medium under DPL Model

The effect of rotation on a two-dimensional micro-elongated thermoelastic medium problem was studied under the dual-phase-lag (DPL) model. Mechanical force along with the layer of the elastic half-space interface and micro-elongated thermoelastic half-space is applied. The analytical method used was the normal mode which Partial differential equations transform into ordinary differential equations. The analytic expressions for displacement component, temperature distribution, micro-elongational scalar and stress components have been derived and represented graphically. The work in its present form has not been studied by any re-searcher till now. The novelty of the present article resides in the fact that we have proposed a new research problem to study the effect of rotation on the physical quantities in the context of the Lord-Shulman theory and the DPL model. The problem is pretty important in many dynamical systems.
Increasing Temperature Results in Higher Allocation of Energy to Protein Synthesis in Sea Urchin Larvae (Lytechinus pictus)

It is well established that metabolic processes change with temperature and size. Yet the underlying physiological mechanisms are less well understood regarding how such processes covary within a species and particularly so for developmental stages. Physiological analysis of larvae of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus revealed that protein was the major biochemical substrate supporting metabolism. The complex dynamics of protein synthesis, turnover, and accretion changed during growth, showing a sevenfold decrease in the ratio of protein accretion to protein synthesis (protein depositional efficiency). To test hypotheses of physiological variation with rising temperature, larvae were reared over a temperature range experienced by this species in its ambient habitat. The thermal sensitivity of protein synthesis was greater than respiration (thermal sensitivity values of 3.7 and 2.4, respectively). Bioenergetic calculations revealed a disproportionate increase in energy allocation toward protein synthesis with rising temperature. These differential temperature sensitivities result in metabolic trade-offs of energy acquisition and expenditure, thereby altering physiological homeostasis. Such insights are of value for improving predictions about limits of biological resilience in a warming ocean.
New approaches for scatterometry-based metrology for critical distance and overlay measurement and process control

mmunication between lithography and metrology is becoming increasingly demanding in advanced nodes. This is where the requirements for metrology become extremely tight. This work is dedicated to the search for "clean" metrology that is required to address these requirements. Metrology measurements are obtained via an angle-resolved scatterometry-based platform (called YieldStar). Details of the technology behind YieldStar were thoroughly discussed by Vanoppen et al. in 2010. In this current work, measurement limits are challenged to test resolution and measurement uncertainty for overlay, critical dimension (CD), and sidewall angle (focus). Results indicate an atomic-scale performance of deep subnanometers. Two different sizes of scatterometry-based overlay targets are evaluated and compared using a technique called the similarity index. A CD reconstruction model is tested for cross talk of underlying thin-film layers, specifically the case where one of the underlying layers is anisotropic. A systematic approach is taken to increase the complexity of a CD reconstruction model in steps to evaluate the capability of handling birefringence effects of anisotropic material in the model. CD metrology data (1-D and 2-D/hole layers) are compared to CD scanning electron microscope data. Focus measurements are also extended for product wafers, and focus precision is evaluated. In addition, CD metrology monitor wafer applications, such as hotplate monitoring and overlay metrology monitor wafer application for scanner stability and matched machine overlay, are tested.
M2 factor for evaluating fiber lasers from large mode area few-mode fibers

Evaluating the laser quality accurately is one of the most important and fundamental physical issues for laser sources, and the beam quality of lasers from the large mode area few-mode fibers have been haunted by the presence of high order mode for many years. This paper presents a modification to the M2 factor, which can be used to evaluate the mode content of fiber lasers accurately and efficiently, no matter whether the fiber modes are superposited coherently or incoherently. By mathematical derivation, the origin of the influence of relative phase on the M2 factor has been determined mathematically. A modification to the second moment of the beam intensity profile has been proposed, which eliminates the impact of uncontrollable relative phase on the second moment, and subsequently restores the one-to-one mapping between mode content and M2 factor even for coherent superposition cases. Also presented are the results of numerical simulations, which support the validity of the modified M2 factor to evaluate the mode content of the high power fiber lasers. With modified M2 factor being less than 1.1, the power fraction of LP11 mode content is unique and determined to be less than 3%.
Characteristics of social support experienced by differently engaged student teachers

ABSTRACT This study explored student teachers’ experiences of study engagement and burnout by utilising profile analysis. Interrelations between the student teachers’ profiles and perceptions of their learning environment were also explored. To complement the statistical analysis, the student teachers’ social support experiences during teaching practice were explored based on interview data. Two study engagement—burnout profiles were detected among student teachers. The student teachers exhibiting the engaged in studies with a low risk of burnout profile had significantly more positive perceptions of their learning environments compared with the group classified under the reduced study engagement with an increased risk of burnout profile. Further investigation showed that student teachers most frequently reported informational support received from their teaching practice supervisors. The groups representing the two profiles showed both similar and different characteristics in the types and sources of social support. The study contributes to the understanding of student teachers’ study engagement in relation to the learning environment of teacher education. It provides practical implications for teacher educators to improve the learning environments of differently engaged student teachers, particularly during teaching practice, a central arena for student teacher learning.
Prediction of high efficiency ZnMgO/Si solar cells suppressing carrier recombination by conduction band engineering

A significant conduction band offset appearing in n‐ZnO/p‐Si heterojunction solar cells is recognized as a serious roadblock to obtain high efficiency solar cells. By alloying with Mg, the conduction band in Zn1–xMgxO can be raised above that of Si, so that the influence of recombination centers at the interface between the two materials is strongly reduced, enabling high efficiency despite recombination velocities as high as 106 cm s−1. By simulating these phenomena we predict an optimal design of a n‐Zn0.8Mg0. 2O/p‐Si solar cell resulting in high conversion efficiencies.
Single Cell Metabolic Landscape of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Subgroups and Lineages

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumors comprising numerous subtypes whose metabolic profiles have yet to be fully examined. The present in silico study analyzed single-cell expression profiles from 2311 PitNET cells from various lineages and subtypes to elucidate differences in metabolic activities. Gonadotroph tumors exhibited high activities with histidine metabolism, whose activity is low in lactotroph tumors. Somatotroph tumors enriched for sulfur and tyrosine metabolism, while lactotroph tumors were enriched metabolism of nitrogen, ascorbate, and aldarate. PIT-1 lineage tumors exhibited high sulfur and thiamine metabolism. These results set precedence for further translational studies for subgroup/lineage specific targeted therapies.
Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has long been recognized as a highly contagious, transboundary disease of livestock incurring substantial losses and burdens to animal production and trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Due to the recent emergence of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage globally contributing to the expansion of FMD, molecular epidemiological investigations help in tracing the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) across endemic and newly affected regions. In this work, our phylogenetic analysis reveals that the recent FMDV incursions in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in 2021–2022 were due to the virus belonging to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage, belonging to the cluster from Cambodian FMDV isolates. The studied isolates varied by 1.0–4.0% at the VP1 nucleotide level. Vaccine matching tests indicated that the vaccination policy in the subregion should be tailored according to the peculiarities of the ongoing epidemiologic situation. The current vaccination should change from such vaccine strains as O1 Manisa (ME–SA), O no 2102/Zabaikalsky/2010 (O/ME-SA/Mya-98) (r1 = 0.05–0.28) to strains that most closely antigenically match the dominant lineage O No. 2212/Primorsky/2014 (O O/ME-SA//Mya-98) and O No. 2311/Zabaikalsky/2016 (O ME-SA/Ind-2001) (r1 = 0.66–1.0).
A statistical study on the AGW modulations in subionospheric VLF/LF propagation data and consideration of the generation mechanism of seismo-ionospheric perturbations

Though there have been several papers suggesting the important role of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) in the generation mechanism of seismo-ionospheric perturbations, no reports have appeared on the statistical study of the AGW effect. Based on the data over nine years and for many propagation paths in and around Japan, this paper presents the ﬁrst statistical result on the role of AGW in seismo-ionospheric effects. The conclusion by means of superimposed epoch analysis is that the AGW modulation (ﬂuctuation) is rather enhanced about 10 days only for shallow (depth < 40km) earthquakes, but its signiﬁcance level is just close to the conventional 2sigma (sigma: standard deviation) level. So that, we can conceive that the AGW channel is the most dominant hypothesis for seismo- ionospheric perturbations, but an alternative channel such as chemical (+ electric ﬁeld) channel is also operative either simultaneously for an EQ or may be dominant for a small number of earthquakes.
Propagation of shear waves in viscoelastic medium at irregular boundaries

The aim of the paper is to study the shear wave propagation in a viscoelastic layer over a semi-infinite viscoelastic half space due to irregularity in the viscoelastic layer. It is of great interest to study the propaga-tion of shear waves in the assumed medium having a non planar boundary due to its similarity to most of the real situations. The perturbation method is applied to find the displacement field. The effect of complex wave number on dissipation factor is analysed. Finally, as an application, the result obtained has been used to get the reflected field in viscoelastic layer when the shear wave is incident on an irregular boundary in the shape of parabolic irregularity as well as triangular notch. It is observed that the amplitude of this reflected wave decreases with increasing length of the notch, and increases with increasing depth of the irregularity.
Magnetophotonic crystal comprising electro-optical layer for controlling helicity of light

We present a magnetophotonic crystal (MPC) comprising an electro-optical (EO) layer which can control the helicity of the light by low voltage at high speed at room temperature. Within the photonic bandgap of the MPC the localized spectral position of eigen circularly polarized modes are separated. The change of refractive index of EO layer in MPC allows us to choose which eigen mode works at the wavelength of the light source. This medium does not require the high voltage to change the phase of light because of thin thickness of EO layer. In this paper, the calculated results showed that the helicity of light can be controlled by low voltage (<0.5 V) in MPC comprising EO layer. Such a behavior is fascinating for the micro switching device which modulates the rotation direction of circularly polarized light in the optical-magnetic recording system.
Online Monitoring of Sensor Calibration Status to Support Condition-Based Maintenance

Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM), based on sensors, can only be reliable if the data used to extract information are also reliable. Industrial metrology plays a major role in ensuring the quality of the data collected by the sensors. To guarantee that the values collected by the sensors are reliable, it is necessary to have metrological traceability made by successive calibrations from higher standards to the sensors used in the factories. To ensure the reliability of the data, a calibration strategy must be put in place. Usually, sensors are only calibrated on a periodic basis; so, they often go for calibration without it being necessary or collect data inaccurately. In addition, the sensors are checked often, increasing the need for manpower, and sensor errors are frequently overlooked when the redundant sensor has a drift in the same direction. It is necessary to acquire a calibration strategy based on the sensor condition. Through online monitoring of sensor calibration status (OLM), it is possible to perform calibrations only when it is really necessary. To reach this end, this paper aims to provide a strategy to classify the health status of the production equipment and of the reading equipment that uses the same dataset. A measurement signal from four sensors was simulated, for which Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning with unsupervised algorithms were used. This paper demonstrates how, through the same dataset, it is possible to obtain distinct information. Because of this, we have a very important feature creation process, followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), K-means clustering, and classification based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Through three hidden states of the HMM, which represent the health states of the production equipment, we will first detect, through correlations, the features of its status. After that, an HMM filter is used to eliminate those errors from the original signal. Next, an equal methodology is conducted for each sensor individually and using statistical features in the time domain where we can obtain, through HMM, the failures of each sensor.
Wave Dispersion and Attenuation in Partially Saturated Sandstones

We investigate the wave dispersion and attenuation in partially water-saturated sandstones based on the improved Biot/squirt (BISQ) model in which the saturation is introduced. Numerical experiments indicate that the phase velocity of the fast P-wave decreases as the saturation increases in the low-frequency range (102? 104? Hz), and reaches the minimum at the full-saturation state. The behaviour of the phase velocity varying with the saturation in the high-frequency range (104? 106? Hz), however, is opposite to that in the low-frequency range. The peak value of P-wave attenuation increases with increasing saturation, and is the maximum at the fully saturated state. Numerical models and experiments show that the improved BISQ model is better than the traditional Gassmann? Biot model.
Scalable Hierarchical Instruction Cache for Ultralow-Power Processors Clusters

High performance and energy efficiency are critical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) end-nodes. Exploiting tightly coupled clusters of programmable processors (CMPs) has recently emerged as a suitable solution to address this challenge. One of the main bottlenecks limiting the performance and energy efficiency of these systems is the instruction cache architecture due to its criticality in terms of timing (i.e., maximum operating frequency), bandwidth, and power. We propose a hierarchical instruction cache tailored to ultralow-power (ULP) tightly coupled processor clusters where a relatively large cache (L1.5) is shared by L1 private (PR) caches through a two-cycle latency interconnect. To address the performance loss caused by the L1 capacity misses, we introduce a next-line prefetcher with cache probe filtering (CPF) from L1 to L1.5. We optimize the core instruction fetch (IF) stage by removing the critical core-to-L1 combinational path. We present a detailed comparison of instruction cache architectures’ performance and energy efficiency for parallel ULP (PULP) clusters. Focusing on the implementation, our two-level instruction cache provides better scalability than existing shared caches, delivering up to 20% higher operating frequency. On average, the proposed two-level cache improves maximum performance by up to 17% compared to the state-of-the-art while delivering similar energy efficiency for most relevant applications.