Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simplification-Translation-Restoration Framework for Cross-Domain SMT Applications

Integration of domain specific knowledge into a general purpose statistical machine translation (SMT) system poses challenges due to insufficient bilingual corpora. In this paper we propose a simplification-translation-restoration (STR) framework for domain adaptation in SMT by simplifying domain specific segments of a text. For an in-domain text, we identify the critical segments and modify them to alleviate the data sparseness problem in the out-domain SMT system. After we receive the translation result, these critical segments are then restored according to the provided in-domain knowledge. We conduct experiments on an English-toChinese translation task in the medical domain and evaluate each step of the STR framework. The translation results show significant improvement of our approach over the out-domain and the naive in-domain SMT systems.
High speed Turbo decoder design based on stochastic computation

It is very important for the future wireless or mobile communication systems to achieve high speed Turbo decoder. A novel Turbo decoder structure and implementation scheme are proposed in this paper. The MAX-log-MAP algorithm is implemented in probability domain with stochastic computation method in this paper. The signed stochastic calculations are adopted to meet the requirements of log-MAP decoder. The proposed decoder scheme is high speed, simple structure and memory free. According to the simulation results, the proposed scheme has 0.5dB performance loss compared with the floating point method.
No Behavioral or ERP Evidence for a Developmental Lag in Visual Working Memory Capacity or Filtering in Adolescents and Adults with ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients have both working memory (WM) and attention problems. Good attention skills are important for WM performance; individuals have higher WM capacity when being able to prevent storage of irrelevant information through efficient filtering. Since it is unknown how filtering ability is associated with WM performance in ADHD, this was investigated in the present study. A visuospatial working memory (VSWM) change detection task with distracting stimuli was administered to adolescents (12–16 years old) and adults (20–46 years old) with and without ADHD matched on education/IQ. Besides performance, contralateral delay activity (CDA) was measured; a neural correlate of the number of targets and distracters encoded and maintained in WM during the retention interval. Performance data showed similar WM-load, WM-distracter interference and developmental effects in ADHD and control groups. Adolescents’ performance on the WM task deteriorated more than that of adults in the presence of distracters and with higher WM-load, irrespective of Diagnosis. The CDA data suggested that initially all groups encoded/maintained distracting information, but only adults were able to bounce this information from memory later in the retention interval, leading to better WM performance. The only effect of Diagnosis was a smaller CDA in adolescents and adults with ADHD than in age/IQ-matched controls when maintaining a low 1-item load, which was possibly related to an inability to keep attention focused at cued stimuli with low task demands. Overall, the development of filtering efficiency and VSWM storage capacity in adolescents with ADHD was not different from that in typically developing peers.
Elastic connections: separating and observation methods for complex virtual objects

Today's technology enables users to manipulate complex, multi-part 3D virtual objects such as industrial products, structures designed by CAD, and models of the human body in large 3D space. In general modeling software, parts of such a complex 3D virtual objects are grouped and manipulated together, but not individually, for efficient operation. Therefore, a separating operation is necessary when the user wants to observe or manipulate only a part of a complex object. We have developed a system that realizes gesture-based separation and observation of a group of parts within complex virtual objects in 3D space. One of the practical applications of our system is in training, such as learning the structure of the human body or industrial products. In our system, users can separate a group of parts freely by pulling and cutting a virtual rubber band. The widths of these virtual rubber bands are relative to the connection strength between each part. This allows the user to easily understand relationships between parts. Additionally, this feedback provides a comfortable operational familiarity.
Embedding Proximal Support Vectors into Randomized Trees

This paper proposes to embed proximal support vectors into randomized trees in order to solve high dimensional and multi-category classification problems in a computationally efficient way. In comparison to standard support vector machine, the linear proximal SVM (PSVM) is known to provide a good trade off between classification correctness and computationally efficiency[5]. Moreover, by embedding multiple PSVM classifiers into a binary tree architecture, it is possible to turn an arbitrary multi-classes problem into a hierarchy of binary classifications. The critical issue then consists in determining in each node of the tree how to aggregate the multiple classes into a pair of say overlay classes to discriminate. As a fundamental contribution, our paper proposes to deploy an ensemble of randomized trees, instead of a single optimized decision tree, to bypass the question of overlay classes definition. Hence, the multiple trees explore a set of distinct overlay classes definitions simultaneously, which relaxes the class partitioning question for each individual tree, and results in more robust decisions for the ensemble of trees. Empirical results on various datasets demonstrate a significant gain in accuracy both compared to ’one versus one’ SVM solutions and to conventional ensemble of decision trees
Minimal disturbance placement and promotion

Cache replacement policies often order blocks into distinct positions. A block is placed into a set in some initial position. A re-referenced block is promoted into a higher position while other blocks may move into lower positions. A block in the lowest position is a candidate for replacement. Tree-based PseudoLRU is a well-known space-efficient replacement policy based on representing block positions as distinct paths in a binary tree. We find that a placement or promotion for one block often needlessly disturbs the non-promoted blocks. Guided by the principle of minimal disturbance, i.e. that a policy should seek to disturb the order of non-promoted blocks to the smallest extent possible, we develop a simple modification to PseudoLRU resulting in a policy that improves performance over previous techniques while retaining the low cost of PseudoLRU. The result is a minimal disturbance placement and promotion (MDPP) policy. We first give a static formulation of MDPP and show that it provides superior performance to LRU, PseudoLRU and matches performance for SRRIP for both single-threaded and multi-core workloads. We then give a dynamic formulation that uses dead block prediction for placement and bypass and show that it meets or exceeds state-of-the-art performance with lower overhead. For single-threaded workloads, dynamic MDPP matches the 5.9% speedup over LRU of the state-of-the-art policy SHiP. For multi-core workloads, dynamic MDPP gives a normalized weighted speedup of 14.3% over LRU, compared with SHiP that yields a speedup of 12.3% over LRU and requires double the storage overhead per set. We show that minimal disturbance policies can reduce the frequency of a costly read-modify-write cycle for replacement state, making them potentially suitable for future work in DRAM caches.
Using a fairness monitoring service to improve load-balancing in DSR

Many routing protocols for MANETs do not promote a balanced use of resources among the participating nodes, since they are designed to optimize other criteria, such as the number of hops in the message path. This behavior is undesired in open MANETs, where all users cooperate to maintain connectivity and expect the system to promote a fair distribution of load. This paper presents a fairness monitoring service that rates the effort of each individual node with regard to the other nodes in its neighborhood, measured as the relative number of messages the node is required to forward. We show that this information can be captured by a service that monitors the packets exchanged in the network. We illustrate the benefits of this service by showing how this information can be used to bias DSR, such that the load distribution is improved.
Unifying notions of generalized weights for universal security on wire-tap networks

Universal security over a network with linear network coding has been intensively studied. However, previous linear codes used for this purpose were linear over a larger field than that used on the network. In this work, we introduce new parameters (relative dimension/rank support profile and relative generalized matrix weights) for linear codes that are linear over the field used in the network, measuring the universal security performance of these codes. The proposed new parameters enable us to use optimally universal secure linear codes on noiseless networks for all possible parameters, as opposed to previous works, and also enable us to add universal security to the recently proposed list-decodable rank-metric codes by Guruswami et al. We give several properties of the new parameters: monotonicity, Singleton-type lower and upper bounds, a duality theorem, and definitions and characterizations of equivalences of linear codes. Finally, we show that our parameters strictly extend relative dimension/length profile and relative generalized Hamming weights, respectively, and relative dimension/intersection profile and relative generalized rank weights, respectively. Moreover, we show that generalized matrix weights are larger than Delsarte generalized weights.
A Novel Inhibitory Mechanism of Mitochondrion-Dependent Apoptosis by a Herpesviral Protein

Upon viral infection, cells undergo apoptosis as a defense against viral replication. Viruses, in turn, have evolved elaborate mechanisms to subvert apoptotic processes. Here, we report that a novel viral mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein (vMAP) of murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (γHV-68) interacts with Bcl-2 and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in a genetically separable manner. The N-terminal region of vMAP interacted with Bcl-2, and this interaction markedly increased not only Bcl-2 recruitment to mitochondria but also its avidity for BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby suppressing Bax mitochondrial translocation and activation. In addition, the central and C-terminal hydrophobic regions of vMAP interacted with VDAC1. Consequently, these interactions resulted in the effective inhibition of cytochrome c release, leading to the comprehensive inhibition of mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis. Finally, vMAP gene was required for efficient γHV-68 lytic replication in normal cells, but not in mitochondrial apoptosis-deficient cells. These results demonstrate that γHV-68 vMAP independently targets two important regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis-mediated intracellular innate immunity, allowing efficient viral lytic replication.
A Process Variation Tolerant OTA Design for Low Power ASIC Design

Technology development and continuous down scaling in CMOS fabrication makes Mixed Signal Integrated Circuits (MSIC) more vulnerable to process variation. This paper presents a well defined novel design methodology for process variability aware design by incorporating the major challenge of statistical circuit performance relating the device and circuit level variation in an accurate and efficient manner to improve the reliability, robustness and stability of the circuit. The device sensitive parameters are identified and accurately quantified by continuous realistic assessments using statistical methods. The modularity of the methodology can be validated by the output performance obtained from the gain and phase response of OTA which is highly stable when subjected to worst case process variation scenario. In the proposed optimization, the circuit is strengthened by fixing the optimum aspect ratio without adding any additional compensation devices complicating the circuit resulting in low power consumption of only 0.116 mW in standard CMOS 0.18 μm technology with 1.8 V power supply.
A comparative simulation study of link quality estimators in wireless sensor networks

Link quality estimation (LQE) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a fundamental building block for an efficient and cross-layer design of higher layer network protocols. Several link quality estimators have been reported in the literature; however, none has been thoroughly evaluated. There is thus a need for a comparative study of these estimators as well as the assessment of their impact on higher layer protocols. In this paper, we perform an extensive comparative simulation study of some well-known link quality estimators using TOSSIM. We first analyze the statistical properties of the link quality estimators independently of higher-layer protocols, then we investigate their impact on the Collection Tree Routing Protocol (CTP). This work is a fundamental step to understand the statistical behavior of LQE techniques, helping system designers choose the most appropriate for their network protocol architectures.
Exploitation of rocky intertidal grazers: population status and potential impacts on community structure and functioning

A wide range of anthropogenic activities are impacting the ecology of coastal areas. Exploitation of marine resources is one such activity, which, through cascading trophic effects, can have influences well beyond that of the target species. We investigated the mid-rocky-shore commu- nity structure of the Azores archipelago, a seldom-studied habitat, where there is a local tradition of exploiting limpets, the main intertidal grazers. The limpet population structure differed among islands, and there was an inverse relationship between the abundance of larger limpets and the human population per coastal perimeter, but not the associated catch data. At small scales of resolu- tion (quadrats), there was a negative relationship between the cover of algae and limpets and a pos- itive relationship between barnacles and limpets. These relationships were also apparent at the larger scale of islands as a function of the gradient of exploitation. Our results show how natural habi- tat fragmentation may be useful where the experimental testing of a hypothesis is not possible, and provide evidence for the trophic cascading effects of limpet exploitation at landscape scales.
Isoparametric hypersurfaces with four principal curvatures, II

Abstract In this sequel to an earlier article, employing more commutative algebra than previously, we show that an isoparametric hypersurface with four principal curvatures and multiplicities (3,4) in S 15 is one constructed by Ozeki and Takeuchi and Ferus, Karcher, and Münzner, referred to collectively as of OT-FKM type. In fact, this new approach also gives a considerably simpler proof, both structurally and technically, that an isoparametric hypersurface with four principal curvatures in spheres with the multiplicity constraint m 2 ≥ 2m 1 -1 is of OT-FKM type, which left unsettled exactly the four anomalous multiplicity pairs (4,5),(3,4),(7,8), and (6, 9), where the last three are closely tied, respectively, with the quaternion algebra, the octonion algebra, and the complexified octonion algebra, whereas the first stands alone in that it cannot be of OT-FKM type. A by-product of this new approach is that we see that Condition B, introduced by Ozeki and Takeuchi in their construction of inhomogeneous isoparametric hypersurfaces, naturally arises. The cases for the multiplicity pairs (4,5), (6, 9), and (7,8) remain open now.
Identification and regulation of tissue‐specific cis‐acting elements associated with the human AP‐2α gene

Mice lacking transcription factor AP‐2α exhibit defects in the formation of the head, body wall, heart, neural tube, eye, and limbs, reflecting important sites of AP‐2α expression in the developing embryo. AP‐2α is also expressed in the postnatal mammary gland and has been linked to tumor progression and defects in growth regulation in the breast. We have used a transgenic mouse approach to identify tissue‐specific cis‐acting sequences associated with expression of the human AP‐2α gene. Our analysis indicates that multiple elements located throughout the gene contribute to expression in the trigeminal ganglia, spinal cord, mammary gland, and epidermis. A discrete cis‐element located within the fifth intron is required for expression in the face and limbs, and we have derived a permanent line of AP‐2α::lacZ transgenic mice to assess expression of this latter enhancer throughout morphogenesis. We also introduced this transgene into an AP‐2α–null mouse background and detected subtle alterations of its expression within the progress zone and apical ectodermal ridge of the forelimbs. Similar changes in lacZ expression were observed within the zeugopod, and these correlated with defects in radius condensation in AP‐2α–knockout mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that cell:cell communication within the forelimb is altered in the absence of AP‐2α and reveal novel regulatory potential for AP‐2α in limb development. Developmental Dynamics 228:194–207, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incremental partitioning-based vectorless power grid verification

To ensure reliable performance of a chip, design verification of the power grid is of critical importance. This paper builds on previous work that models the working behavior of the circuit in terms of abstracted current constraints and solves for worst-case voltage drop on the grid as a linear program. The main motivation is to allow the efficient verification of local power grid sections or blocks, enabling incremental design analysis of the grid. This approach substantially improves the computational time by reducing the problem size and the constraint set and replacing them by black box macromodels. This increase the capacity of the solver to handle industrial sized grids.
Quality of detectability (QoD) and QoD-aware AAT-based attack detection

Network attacks occur in high proportion on the internet, thus aside from security as a means of defense there is a need for being able to detect attacks as they occur so that measures can be put in place to tackle them. For this, an intrusion detection system (IDS) is required that has good quality of detection capability. We propose Quality of Detectability (QoD) as a kind of Quality of Service (QoS)-like detection quality mechanism. Two major contributions are given in this paper: (1) the notion of QoD to measure the attack detection capability; (2) an extended Augmented Attack Tree (AAT) and corresponding intrusion detection algorithm with QoD capabilities.
The experimental study of tumor progression: a review.

mammary cancer in rabbits (53). Increasing inter est in progression as a phenomenon of wide occur rence and of probable importance in the manage ment of cancer makes it opportune to review the subject now with the especial purpose of seeking some general principles and working hypotheses to guide investigation of the nature and mechanism of progression, about which little is known. A few examples are chosen, somewhat arbitrarily, to in dicate the scope of progression, and most atten tion is directed to those experimental materials and theoretical principles that seem immediately useful.
Converging influences from visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices onto output neurons of the superior colliculus.

1. Physiological methods were used to examine the pattern of inputs from different sensory cortices onto individual superior colliculus neurons. 2. Visual, auditory, and somatosensory influences from anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) and visual influences from lateral suprasylvian (LS) cortex were found to converge onto individual multisensory neurons in the cat superior colliculus. An excellent topographic relationship was found between the different sensory cortices and their target neurons in the superior colliculus. 3. Corticotectal inputs were derived solely from unimodal neurons. Multisensory neurons in AES and LS were not antidromically activated from the superior colliculus. 4. Orthodromic and antidromic latencies were consistent with monosynaptic corticotectal inputs arising from LS and the three subdivisions of AES (SIV, Field AES, and AEV). 5. Superior colliculus neurons that received convergent cortical inputs formed a principal component of the tecto-reticulospinal tract. Thus there appears to be extensive cortical control over the output neurons through which the superior colliculus mediates attentive and orientation behaviors. 6. Two other multisensory circuits were identified. A population of multisensory superior colliculus neurons was found, which neither received convergent cortical input nor projected into the tecto-reticulo-spinal tract. In addition, multisensory neurons in AES and LS proved to be independent of the superior colliculus (i.e., they were not corticotectal). While it is likely that these three distinct multisensory neural circuits have different functional roles, their constituent neurons appear to integrate their various sensory inputs in much the same way.
Long-term therapy with agalsidase alfa for Fabry disease: safety and effects on renal function in a home infusion setting.

BACKGROUND Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder of glycosphingolipid catabolism that is the result of an intracellular deficiency in the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A). This enzymatic defect results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)) within cells and causes progressive neurological, cardiovascular and renal dysfunction. Our objective is to describe the safety and renal effects of long-term enzyme replacement therapy. METHODS This was a single centre, prospective open-label treatment trial in 25 adult male Fabry patients who had completed a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled study and subsequently enrolled in an open-label extension study. Patients were treated every other week with agalsidase alfa (0.2 mg/kg) infused intravenously over 40 min. The main outcome measures were safety, antibody response and renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). RESULTS During the 4-4.5 years of enzyme replacement therapy, all eligible subjects were able to transition to home therapy. Eight patients developed persistent IgG antibodies to agalsidase alfa, but IgE antibodies were not detected in any patient. The development of IgG antibodies appeared not to affect any clinical end points. Estimated GFR remained stable in subgroups of patients with Stage I (GFR >90 ml/min) or Stage II (GFR 60-89 ml/min) chronic kidney disease at baseline. In contrast, in the subgroup of patients with Stage III chronic kidney disease (GFR 30-59 ml/min), the slope of the decline in GFR was reduced compared with comparable historical controls, suggesting that enzyme replacement therapy was slowing the decline of renal function in this susceptible population. CONCLUSIONS Long-term enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa is safe and may slow the progressive decline in renal function that was commonly observed in adult males with Fabry disease.