Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithm for finding association rules in distributed databases

In the emerging networked environment we are encountering situations in which databases residing at geographically distinct sites must collaborate with each other to analyze their data together. But due to large sizes of the datasets it is neither feasible nor safe to transport large datasets across the network to some common server. We need algorithms that can process the databases at their own locations by exchanging needed information among them and obtain the same results that would have been obtained if the databases were merged. In this paper we present an algorithm for mining association rules from distributed databases by exchanging only the needed summaries among them.
A Review of Security Metrics in Software Development Process

Security level, security performance, and security indicators have become standard terms to define security metrics. The data derived from these metrics helps in measurement of software security. The metrics help achieve security objectives – confidentiality, integrity and availability. The security can be assessed for further improvement during development process of the software or the product itself. The security assessment is helpful for software developers, risk management team, executives of the company, etc. Our paper reviews both the kinds of metrics and confers the results. Keywords— Security Metrics, Software Development Process.
Incremental SLAM with backtracking data association for mobile robots

This paper focuses on the reciprocity between data association and state estimation in the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem for mobile robot, and an incremental SLAM algorithm with backtracking data association is presented. Our approach uses a tree model called correspondence tree (CT) to represent the solution space of the data association problem. CT is layered according to time steps and every node in it is a data association hypothesis for the measurements gotten at a time. A best-first with limit backtracking search strategy is designed to find the optimal path in CT. A state estimation method based on the least-squares problem is developed. This method can compute the cost of nodes in CT and update state estimation incrementally, so direct feedback is introduced from the state estimation process to the data association model. With the interaction between data association and state estimation, and combining with tree pruning techniques, our approach can get accurate data association and state estimation for on-line SLAM applications.
An evolutionary integrated view of Regional Systems of Innovation: Concepts, measures and historical perspectives

ABSTRACT The literature on geographical systems of innovation has traditionally shown a ‘national-bias’ that has strongly affected the identification of actors, relationships and attributes operating at the sub-national scale. Indeed, the historical evolution of the regional dimension has rarely been considered (implying that history really matters only at the national level). Modes of governance have also mostly been examined from a country perspective, which neglects the complexity, heterogeneity and path dependency of multi-level governance in current innovation systems. This paper reviews the main literature on the concept of Regional Systems of Innovation (RSI), adopting an integrated view that brings together both top-down and bottom-up characteristics and evolutionary mechanisms for the purpose of identifying RSIs. After discussing conceptual problems, and the relevance and applicability of an evolutionary integrated view of RSI, the case of Italy is employed to support the argument that the historical perspective on regional cultures is often unavoidable in order to assess future opportunities for regional development.
Force Measurement Toward the Instability Theory of Soft Pneumatic Actuators

Silicone-based bending soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) have been very popular, since they provide solutions to many applications that require comfort and safety. However, their further utilization seems to be thwarted due to their limited force output. Force output can be the most important property for various SPAs, especially in assistive devices. Focusing on the SPA force application, this letter elaborates the yielding and buckling issues of the bending SPAs and introduces a novel perspective toward the understanding of these issues. Furthermore, we proposed a revised force measurement method and tested the force outputs of the newly designed bending SPAs of different materials and lengths. The results showed that the material and length are among the key factors that influence the instability occurrence. This letter, as our initial step toward the development of instability theory of different SPAs, can help the soft robot engineers to design force-robust soft actuators for different applications.
Deficiency of RecA-dependent RecFOR and RecBCD pathways causes increased instability of the (GAA·TTC)n sequence when GAA is the lagging strand template

The most common mutation in Friedreich ataxia is an expanded (GAA·TTC)n sequence, which is highly unstable in human somatic cells and in the germline. The mechanisms responsible for this genetic instability are poorly understood. We previously showed that cloned (GAA·TTC)n sequences replicated in Escherichia coli are more unstable when GAA is the lagging strand template, suggesting erroneous lagging strand synthesis as the likely mechanism for the genetic instability. Here we show that the increase in genetic instability when GAA serves as the lagging strand template is seen in RecA-deficient but not RecA-proficient strains. We also found the same orientation-dependent increase in instability in a RecA+ temperature-sensitive E. coli SSB mutant strain (ssb-1). Since stalling of replication is known to occur within the (GAA·TTC)n sequence when GAA is the lagging strand template, we hypothesized that genetic stability of the (GAA·TTC)n sequence may require efficient RecA-dependent recombinational restart of stalled replication forks. Consistent with this hypothesis, we noted significantly increased instability when GAA was the lagging strand template in strains that were deficient in components of the RecFOR and RecBCD pathways. Our data implicate defective processing of stalled replication forks as a mechanism for genetic instability of the (GAA·TTC)n sequence.
Mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) expression during embryogenesis: a potential marker for the developing neuroendocrine system

Abstract Arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes in humans and in rodents encode polymorphic drug metabolizing enzymes. Human NAT1 (and the murine equivalent mouse Nat2) is found early in embryonic development and is likely to have an endogenous role. We report the detailed expression of the murine gene (Nat2) and encoded protein in mouse embryos, using a transgenic mouse model bearing a lacZ transgene inserted into the coding region of mouse Nat2. In mouse embryos, the transgene was expressed in sensory epithelia, epithelial placodes giving rise to visceral sensory neurons, the developing pituitary gland, sympathetic chain and urogenital ridge. In Nat2+/+ mice, the presence and activity of Nat2 protein was detected in these tissues and their adult counterparts. Altered expression of the human orthologue in breast tumours, in which there is endocrine signalling, suggests that human NAT1 should be considered as a potential biomarker for neuroendocrine tissues and tumours.
Modeling User Training and Support for Information Technology Implementations: A Bayesian Test of Competing Models

Information technology implementations continue to be significant endeavors for both research and practice. Although prior studies have extensively examined user training and user support, a consensus is lacking on their conceptualizations. Prior research has argued for direct, as well as indirect, effects of user training and user support on perceived benefits while appealing to different theoretical perspectives. This study clarifies the roles of user training and user support in information technology implementations using data on 302 software implementations. Using a Bayesian model comparison strategy, the authors found that the effects of user training and user support on perceived benefits are mediated by individuals' perceptions regarding the characteristics of the information technologies. These findings suggest that user training and user support should be treated as enablers in process of implementing information technologies.
Accretion of chemically fractionated material on a wide binary with a blue straggler

The components of the wide binary HIP64030=HD 113984 show a large (about 0.25 dex) iron content difference (Desidera et al.~2006 A&A 454, 581). The positions of the components on the color magnitude diagram suggest that the primary is a blue straggler. We studied the abundance difference of several elements besides iron, and we searched for stellar and substellar companions around the components to unveil the origin of the observed iron difference. A line-by-line differential abundance analysis for several elements was performed, while suitable spectral synthesis was performed for C, N, and Li. High precision radial velocities obtained with the iodine cell were combined with available literature data. The analysis of additional elements shows that the abundance difference for the elements studied increases with increasing condensation temperature, suggesting that accretion of chemically fractionated material might have occurred in the system. Alteration of C and N likely due to CNO processing is also observed. We also show that the primary is a spectroscopic binary with a period of 445 days and moderate eccentricity. The minimum mass of the companion is 0.17 Msun. Two scenarios were explored to explain the observed abundance pattern. In the first, all abundance anomalies arise on the blue straggler. If this is the case, the dust-gas separation may have been occurred in a circumbinary disk around the blue straggler and its expected white dwarf companion, as observed in several RV Tauri and post AGB binaries. In the second scenario, accretion of dust-rich material occurred on the secondary. This would also explain the anomalous carbon isotopic ratio of the secondary. Such a scenario requires that a substantial amount of mass lost by the central binary has been accreted by the wide component.
EVALUATION OF EDF AND RM SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS: CHOICES AND TRADEOFFS

Since the first results published in 1973 by Liu and Layland on the Rate Monotonic (RM) and Earliest Deadline First (EDF) algorithms, a lot of progress has been made in the schedulability analysis of periodic task sets. Priority based real time scheduling algorithms such as RM and EDF have been analyzed extensively in this literature to achieve optimized results in real rime operations. In the paper, RM and EDF scheduling techniques have been used, analyzed and compared based on different parameters in real time environment and these traditional priority scheduling algorithms are analyzed by addressing the following metrics: Best case response time, Worst case response time, response time jitter and latency. Past work has been extended in this direction by characterizing the behavior of the scheduling algorithms in detail using theoretical analysis as well as experimental evaluation. The results of this analysis can be used to control design choices for real time systems. Various issues have been presented on which there is still a need to work.
Forwarding Policies for Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks

In Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) [1], packet forwarding is based on the store-carry-and-forward paradigm. Basically, each node has a buffer and is able to store messages persistently, until an appropriate forwarding opportunity arises. In addition, several routing protocols for DTNs employ message replication as an alternative to increase the message delivery rate. The role of a forwarding policy for DTNs is to determine the packets a node should forward to a neighbor during a contact. Forwarding a packet, in this context, implies sending a replica and does not mean discarding it, which may lead to frequent buffer overflow. Thus, node must employ a buffer management policy to define which message should be dropped if its buffer is full. In this paper, we evaluate three well-known forwarding policies – FIFO, random, and GRTRMAX – jointly with our proposed buffer management policy named Least Recently Forwarded (LRF) [3]. Our goal is to identify the forwarding policy that is more suitable to be used with LRF.
THE LOCALIZATION OF ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN THE GOLGI COMPLEX OF INTESTINAL GOBLET CELLS

Evidence for the role of the intestinal goblet cell in mucous secretion has been accumulating since 1837 (9). Nassonow (20) reported that mucous droplets of goblet cells first appear in the Golgi region of the cell, and this finding has been confirmed in recent years by numerous workers using a variety of experimental techniques (4-6, 10, 11, 15, 16, 21, 23, 24). However, the actual process by which mucus is formed by the goblet cell is still in doubt. The final secretory product is probably
A self-organizing overlay network to exploit the locality of interests for effective resource discovery in P2P systems

P2P (Peer to Peer) is becoming a key technology to realize virtualized computing fields using the pervasive deployment and high-speed connectivity of computers through the Internet. However, P2P systems tend to waste the network bandwidth for resource acquisition because of its decentralized resource management. This paper proposes an efficient self-organizing overlay network for P2P-based grid computing systems to effectively reduce the number of resource-acquiring queries over the physical network. The resource exploitation space for some specific interests is organized as an overlay network, which is configured by making local clusters reflecting current interests of individual peers and connecting them together based on their similarity. In addition, the overlay network can be dynamically reconfigured based on the change in the interests of individual peers across time so that more useful peers at that time can be reconnected closer to their client peers. Therefore, multicasting of resource requesting messages can be carried out only over peers with similar interests that are connected through the overlay network. Experimental results indicate that the self-organizing overlay network can remarkably decrease both messages for resource acquisition and hops a resource requesting query travels to reach the peer that satisfies the request.
Relationship between difficult tracheal intubation and obstructive sleep apnoea.

The upper airway abnormalities predisposing to difficult tracheal intubation may also predispose to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The potential association is important as both conditions increase perioperative risk and patients with a trachea that is difficult to intubate may need assessment for OSA. We determined if patients with difficult intubation are at greater risk of OSA and, if so, whether or not they have characteristic clinical or radiographic upper airway changes. We studied 15 patients in whom the trachea was difficult to intubate and 15 control patients. Each was evaluated clinically (Mallampati score, thyromental distance, neck circumference, head extension), polysomnographically (apnoea-hypoponea index (AHI)) and radiographically (lateral cephalometry). AHI was greater in the difficult intubation group (mean 28.4 (SD 31.7)) compared with controls (5.9 (8.9)) (P < 0.02); eight of 15 patients in the difficult intubation group and two of 15 in the control group had an AHI > 10 (P < 0.03). Difficult intubation, but not OSA, was associated (P < 0.05) with a smaller thyromental distance and mandibular length, and greater soft palate length. Both difficult intubation and OSA were associated (P < 0.05) with a greater Mallampati score, anterior mandibular depth, and smaller mandibular and cervical angles. OSA, but not difficult intubation, was associated (P < 0.05) with increased neck circumference, tongue area and craniocervical angle, and decreased head extension, mandibular ramus length and atlantooccipital distance. We conclude that difficult intubation and OSA are related significantly. They share anatomical features which act to reduce the skeletal confines of the tongue. Patients with OSA may compensate, when awake, by increasing craniocervical angulation, which increases the space between the mandible and cervical spine and elongates the tongue and soft tissues of the neck.
Prescribed performance control of strict feedback systems with deadzone input nonlinearity

A continuous, state-feedback controller is proposed for strict feedback systems with deadzone input nonlinearity. The scheme achieves prescribed bounds on the transient and steady state output error performance despite the uncertainty in system nonlinearities and deadzone characteristics. For the latter, only a locally Lipschitz property is assumed to hold, with strictly increasing nonlinearities outside the dead-band, thus forming a fairly general class of admissible deadzones. Furthermore, approximating structures, i.e., neural/fuzzy systems, etc., are not utilized and, moreover, the backstepping “explosion of complexity” issue is eliminated without residing to filtering, thus resulting in a low complexity design. The proposed controller evades the construction of a deadzone inverse and does not employ a special analytical deadzone representation. Simulations are performed to verify the theoretical findings.
Experiencing Disability in the School Context: Voices of Young People Diagnosed With ADHD in Spain

Researchers have begun to inquire into the experiences of young people with ADHD, including how they define ADHD and how a diagnosis of ADHD affects them. ADHD is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder and diagnosis is frequently requested by school professionals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of young people in Spain who are diagnosed with ADHD through student voice research. Using semi-structured interviews, we found that while the participants tended to reproduce the conventional psychiatric discourse on ADHD, they also produced their own explanation of ADHD and of the effects of being labelled with ADHD on their lives in school. Our results highlight both the school’s role in advocating for a diagnosis of ADHD and the lack of an adequate instructional response for students once they have been diagnosed.
Benching Playground Loneliness: Exploring the Meanings of the Playground Buddy Bench

The buddy bench, a primary school playground implementation designed to eliminate playground loneliness, provides a potential strategy to ensure more children reap the positive benefits of elementary school recess. Through children’s artwork, in-depth interviews, and playground observation this ethnographic study explores the socially constructed meanings of the buddy bench and their implications. Findings show children’s shared meanings of solidarity, inherent worth, empowerment, and a shift in focus from playground bullies to buddies leads to a perceived climate change on the playground. These shared meanings reshape children’s narratives about themselves, loneliness, and the playground experience in a positive manner. This study’s methodology advances the communication field by demonstrating how scholars can use children’s artwork to identify and define children’s socially constructed meanings.
Inactivation of clathrin heavy chain inhibits synaptic recycling but allows bulk membrane uptake

Synaptic vesicle reformation depends on clathrin, an abundant protein that polymerizes around newly forming vesicles. However, how clathrin is involved in synaptic recycling in vivo remains unresolved. We test clathrin function during synaptic endocytosis using clathrin heavy chain (chc) mutants combined with chc photoinactivation to circumvent early embryonic lethality associated with chc mutations in multicellular organisms. Acute inactivation of chc at stimulated synapses leads to substantial membrane internalization visualized by live dye uptake and electron microscopy. However, chc-inactivated membrane cannot recycle and participate in vesicle release, resulting in a dramatic defect in neurotransmission maintenance during intense synaptic activity. Furthermore, inactivation of chc in the context of other endocytic mutations results in membrane uptake. Our data not only indicate that chc is critical for synaptic vesicle recycling but they also show that in the absence of the protein, bulk retrieval mediates massive synaptic membrane internalization.
A method to approximate the transmission rate of phase signal with amplitude uncertainty

This paper considers the case of transmitting and receiving a continuous phase signal whose amplitude is degraded by an unknown uniformly distributed real signal. Therefore, the receiver does not have the knowledge of the instantaneous amplitude. In such context, this study is aimed at calculating an approximately transmission rate of the continuous phase signal with a consideration of the amplitude uncertainty. Simulation results are also provided to validate the theoretical analysis. They show that the approximately theoretical expression is in agreement with the simulated version when the transmitter uses sufficiently large transmitting power. We also provide an example of cooperative spectrum sharing as a demonstration of application of this analysis in practice.
Improvement of Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Neighborhood Cognizance and Swarm Decision

The original PSO usually converges prematurely, and falls into the local optimal solution. Aimed at the shortcoming of PSO, this paper put forward Improved PSO based on neighborhood cognizance (NCPSO) and improved NCPSO based on Swarm Decision (SDNCPSO). These two improved PSO can reduce the possibility of converging prematurely. The results of experiment prove that these two improved PSO can improve the performance of global convergence in PSO and make PSO converge to global optimal solution faster.
Density Estimation in the Uniform Normand White Noise

We develop the exact constant of the risk asymptotics in the uniform norm for density estimation. This constant has rst been found for nonparametric regression and for signal estimation in Gaussian white noise. We show that for densities with HH older exponent > 1=2, the formal approximation of the i. i. d. experiment by Gaussian white noise in the sense of Le Cam's deeciency distance (asymptotic equivalence) can be utilized. For densities with HH older exponent 1=2 where asymptotic equivalence fails, the result can still be established independently.