Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triage level assignment and nurse characteristics and experience.

OBJECTIVES To study the relation between nursing staff demographics and experience and their assignment of triage level in the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS One-year retrospective observational study in the triage area of a tertiary care urban university hospital that applies the Andorran-Spanish triage model. Variables studied were age, gender, nursing experience, triage experience, shift, usual level of emergency work the nurse undertakes, number of triage decisions made, and percentage of patients assigned to each level. RESULTS Fifty nurses (5 men, 45 women) with a mean (SD) age of 45 (9) years triaged 67 803 patients during the year. Nurses classified more patients in level 5 on the morning shift (7.9%) than on the afternoon shift (5.5%) (P=.003). The difference in the rate of level-5 triage classification became significant when nurses were older (β = 0.092, P=.037) and experience was greater (β = 0.103, P=.017). The number of triages recorded by a nurse was significantly and directly related to the percentage of patients assigned to level 3 (β = 0.003, P=.006) and inversely related to the percentages assigned to level 4 (β = -0.002, P=.008) and level 5 (β = -0.001, P=.017). CONCLUSION We found that triage level assignments were related to age, experience, shift, and total number of patients triaged by a nurse.
Musical Accents and Memory for Words

In this study, we examined the effect of background music on reading, focusing on memory for words that are read concurrently with musical accents. Can musical accents enhance memory for words in the same way that visual accents (underscoring, highlighting) draw attention to words and hence increase memory for them? Forty undergraduate psychology students were presented sentences one word at a time on a computer screen. Each word was accompanied by a piano tone such that the sequence of tones outlined a brief melody with one note being musically accented. Melodic accents had increased intensity, duration and pitch height. There were three music conditions. In the first two, musical accents were either congruent (aligned) or incongruent (not aligned) with a target word. In the third condition there was no accompanying music. The target words were either visually emphasized (bolded) during the exposure phase or not. Surprisingly, recall was better when a musical accent was incongruent with a target word compared to when the accent was congruent or when there was no music at all. There was no significant effect of bolding target words in the exposure phase. The results suggest that background music enhances coding of words during reading, but only for words that do not coincide with strong musical accents. A cost-benefit trade-off model is suggested, where prominent musical accents may compete for attention, eliminating the potential benefits of accompanying music for verbal memory.
Study on ratcheting behavior of trabecular bone with and without marrow under cyclic compression

One of the major functions of bone is to provide structural support. So it is important to study its mechanical behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the ratcheting behaviors of trabecular bone under cyclic compression and the effect of marrow on the ratcheting strain of trabecular bone. So a series of tests were conducted for the rectangular trabecular bone samples. It is found that the initial ratcheting strain of trabecular under cyclic compressive load increases rapidly, and then its increasing rate keeps on a small value. The relationship between the reduction of marrow and the evolution of mechanical properties of trabecular bone was obtained and the microscopic deformation of tissue was observed with the help of the optimized digital image correlation (DIC) technique. It was found that the marrow can enhance the mechanical strength of trabecular bone to a large extent. Simultaneously, the ratcheting strain of trabecular bone along its depth was basically same.
PI(4,5)P2 determines the threshold of mechanical force–induced B cell activation

B lymphocytes use B cell receptors (BCRs) to sense the chemical and physical features of antigens. The activation of isotype-switched IgG-BCR by mechanical force exhibits a distinct sensitivity and threshold in comparison with IgM-BCR. However, molecular mechanisms governing these differences remain to be identified. In this study, we report that the low threshold of IgG-BCR activation by mechanical force is highly dependent on tethering of the cytoplasmic tail of the IgG-BCR heavy chain (IgG-tail) to the plasma membrane. Mechanistically, we show that the positively charged residues in the IgG-tail play a crucial role by highly enriching phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) into the membrane microdomains of IgG-BCRs. Indeed, manipulating the amounts of PI(4,5)P2 within IgG-BCR membrane microdomains significantly altered the threshold and sensitivity of IgG-BCR activation. Our results reveal a lipid-dependent mechanism for determining the threshold of IgG-BCR activation by mechanical force.
Information and Energy Cooperation in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cooperation between the primary and secondary systems can improve the spectrum efficiency in cognitive radio networks. The key idea is that the secondary system helps to boost the primary system's performance by relaying, and, in return, the primary system provides more opportunities for the secondary system to access the spectrum. In contrast to most of existing works that only consider information cooperation, this paper studies joint information and energy cooperation between the two systems, i.e., the primary transmitter sends information for relaying and feeds the secondary system with energy as well. This is particularly useful when the secondary transmitter has good channel quality to the primary receiver but is energy constrained. We propose and study three schemes that enable this cooperation. First, we assume there exists an ideal backhaul between the two systems for information and energy transfer. We then consider two wireless information and energy transfer schemes from the primary transmitter to the secondary transmitter using power splitting and time splitting energy harvesting techniques, respectively. For each scheme, the optimal and zero-forcing solutions are derived. Simulation results demonstrate promising performance gain for both systems due to the additional energy cooperation. It is also revealed that the power splitting scheme can achieve larger rate region than the time splitting scheme when the efficiency of the energy transfer is sufficiently large.
Measurement-based exponential recovery load model: development and validation

Load modeling is an important task in power system stability analysis and control. Taking this into account, the development of dynamic load models using a measurement-based load modeling strategy and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented in this paper. To accomplish this objective, a measurement-based parameter estimation method is used for identification of an exponential recovery load model. Measurements are obtained performing dynamic simulation of an IEEE 30-bus test system under several disturbances, and, additionally, a cross validation technique is applied for an analysis of load model generalization capability. An adequate load modeling improves the comprehension of load behavior and the capability of reproducing transient events on power systems.
Explanation and Elaboration Document for the STROBE‐Vet Statement: Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology—Veterinary Extension

The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement was first published in 2007 and again in 2014. The purpose of the original STROBE was to provide guidance for authors, reviewers and editors to improve the comprehensiveness of reporting; however, STROBE has a unique focus on observational studies. Although much of the guidance provided by the original STROBE document is directly applicable, it was deemed useful to map those statements to veterinary concepts, provide veterinary examples and highlight unique aspects of reporting in veterinary observational studies. Here, we present the examples and explanations for the checklist items included in the STROBE‐Vet Statement. Thus, this is a companion document to the STROBE‐Vet Statement Methods and process document, which describes the checklist and how it was developed.
North Atlantic climate and deep‐ocean flow speed changes during the last 230 years

Variations in the near‐bottom flow speed of Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW) are documented in a 230‐year‐long deep‐sea sediment record from the eastern flank of Reykjanes Ridge in the subpolar North Atlantic at (sub)decadal time scales. For recent decades, the ISOW palaeocurrent reconstructions show similarities with observational hydrographic data. Furthermore, recent ISOW flow changes fall mostly within the range of its variability of the past 230 years. The record also reveals a hitherto unrecognized coupling of deep flow speeds in the subpolar North Atlantic with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, with more (less) vigorous ISOW flow during negative (positive) phases of the NAO. Our results suggest that the changes in ISOW vigor are largely controlled by the transport and characteristics of Labrador Sea Water rather than variations in the overflow itself, with implications for the meridional overturning of the Atlantic Ocean and climate.
Dietary fibre, nuts and cardiovascular diseases

Dietary fibre has a range of metabolic health benefits. Through a variety of mechanisms, dietary fibre, and the viscous variety in particular, slows down gastric emptying and intestinal transit, decreases the rate of intestinal carbohydrate absorption, and increases faecal bile acid excretion. Therefore, consumption of some types of soluble fibre can enhance satiety, which is associated with a lower BMI, and reduce blood cholesterol and the postprandial glucose response. Surprisingly, the consumption of insoluble fibre from whole grains, though metabolically inert, has been associated with a reduction in the risk of developing coronary heart disease and diabetes in epidemiological studies. The likely reason is that whole grains, like nuts, legumes and other edible seeds, contain many bioactive phytochemicals and various antioxidants. After cereals, nuts are the vegetable foods that are richest in fibre, which may partly explain their benefit on the lipid profile and cardiovascular health.
G-bundles, isomonodromy, and quantum Weyl groups

It is now twenty years since Jimbo, Miwa, and Ueno [23] generalized Schlesinger’s equations (governing isomonodromic deformations of logarithmic connections on vector bundles over the Riemann sphere) to the case of connections with arbitrary order poles. An interesting feature was that new deformation parameters arose: one may vary the irregular type of the connections at each pole of order two or more (irregular pole), as well as the pole positions. Indeed, for each irregular pole the fundamental group of the space of deformation parameters was multiplied by a factor of
Automating relatively complete verification of higher-order functional programs

We present an automated approach to relatively completely verifying safety (i.e., reachability) property of higher-order functional programs. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we extend the refinement type system framework employed in the recent work on (incomplete) automated higher-order verification by drawing on the classical work on relatively complete "Hoare logic like" program logic for higher-order procedural languages. Then, by adopting the recently proposed techniques for solving constraints over quantified first-order logic formulas, we develop an automated type inference method for the type system, thereby realizing an automated relatively complete verification of higher-order programs.
An Empirical Investigation Into The Impact Of Privacy , Information Control , And Regulatory Expectations On The Adoption Of Cloud Computing

This study develops and tests a model for the adoption of cloud computing. The model draws on the literature on privacy, information control, regulatory expectations, and technology adoption. The results indicate perceived privacy, perceived information control, and perceived regulatory expectations influence the behavioral intentions on using the cloud computing. For cloud computing, the results also validate the relationship between behavioral intention to use cloud computing and the actual use of cloud computing. This study has both theoretical and practical implications.
Partial regularity for doubly nonlinear parabolic systems of the first type

We study solutions ${\bf v}$ of the parabolic system of PDE $$ \partial_t\left(D\psi({\bf v})\right)=\text{div}DF(D{\bf v}). $$ Here $\psi$ and $F$ are convex functions, and this is a model equation for more general doubly nonlinear evolutions that arise in the study of phase transitions in materials. We show that if ${\bf v}$ is a weak solution, then $D{\bf v}$ is locally H\"older continuous except for possibly on a lower dimensional subset of the domain of ${\bf v}$. Our proof is based on compactness properties of solutions, two integral identities and a fractional time derivative estimate for $D{\bf v}$.
Expanding Your Cognitive Capacity: An Assessment of the Neuroplastic Changes Associated with Mindfulness Training and Transcranial Stimulation

The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (DGE-0903444), The National Academies Ford Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, The Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via contract #2014-131270006, and The National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) via R21MH097201.
Online registration of watermarks from continuous web paper

Machine vision has substantial potential, allowing us to implement reliable and flexible solutions for various tasks such as inspection, surface quality analysis, object detection, etc. In this paper we present a real-time system for automatic detection and registration of watermarks from continuous web paper. This is an important issue in papermaking since the manufacturers require the watermark to be placed in the exact position on each sheet. Our registration method consists of a succession of straightforward morphological operations followed by signature analysis. Our results illustrate the possibility of applying the proposed method to a commercial inspection system.
The other optimal Stokes drag profile

Abstract The lowest drag shape of fixed volume in Stokes flow has been known for some 40 years. It is front–back symmetric and similar to an American football with ends tangent to a cone of $60^{\circ }$ . The analogous convex axisymmetric shape of fixed surface area, which may be of interest for particle design in chemistry and colloidal science, is characterised in this paper. This ‘other’ optimal shape has a surface vorticity proportional to the mean surface curvature, which is used with a local analysis of the flow near the tip to show that the front and rear ends are tangent to a cone of angle $30.8^{\circ }$ . Using the boundary element method, we numerically represent the shape by expanding its tangent angle in terms decaying odd Legendre modes, and show that it has 11.3 % lower drag than a sphere of equal surface area, significantly more pronounced than for the fixed-volume optimal.
Differential Tonic GABA Conductances in Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) provide the principal output for the dorsal striatum. Those that express dopamine D2 receptors (D2+) project to the globus pallidus external and are thought to inhibit movement, whereas those that express dopamine D1 receptors (D1+) project to the substantia nigra pars reticulata and are thought to facilitate movement. Whole-cell and outside-out patch recordings in slices from bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice examined the role of GABAA receptor-mediated currents in dopamine receptor D1+ striatonigral and D2+ striatopallidal MSNs. Although inhibitory synaptic currents were similar between the two neuronal populations, D2+ MSNs showed greater GABAA receptor-mediated tonic currents. TTX application abolished the tonic current to a similar extent as GABAA antagonists, suggesting a synaptic origin of the ambient GABA. Low GABA concentrations produced larger whole-cell responses and longer GABA channel openings in D2+ than in D1+ MSNs. Recordings from MSNs in α1−/− mice and pharmacological analysis of tonic currents suggested greater expression of α5-containing GABAA receptors in D2+ than in D1+ MSNs. As a number of disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, and tardive dyskinesia arise from an imbalance between these two pathways, the GABAA receptors responsible for tonic currents in D2+ MSNs may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Bone morphing with statistical shape models for enhanced visualization

This paper addresses the problem of extrapolating extremely sparse three-dimensional set of digitized landmarks and bone surface points to obtain a complete surface representation. The extrapolation is done using a statistical principal component analysis (PCA) shape model similar to earlier approaches by Fleute et al. 1 This extrapolation procedure called Bone-Morphing is highly useful for intra-operative visualization of bone structures in image-free surgeries. We developed a novel morphing scheme operating directly in the PCA shape space incorporating the full set of possible variations including additional information such as patient height, weight and age. Shape information coded by digitized points is iteratively removed from the PCA model. The extrapolated surface is computed as the most probable surface in the shape space given the data. Interactivity is enhanced, as additional bone surface points can be incorporated in real-time. The expected accuracy can be visualized at any stage of the procedure. In a feasibility study, we applied the proposed scheme to the proximal femur structure. 14 CT scans were segmented and a sequence of correspondence establishing methods was employed to compute the optimal PCA model. Three anatomical landmarks, the femoral notch and the upper and the lower trochanter are digitized to register the model to the patient anatomy. Our experiments show that the overall shape information can be captured fairly accurately by a small number of control points. The added advantage is that it is fast, highly interactive and needs only a small number of points to be digitized intra-operatively.
Where Do New Ph.D. Economists Go? Evidence from Recent Initial Job Placements

We use data from the 2007-2008 Ph.D. economist job market to investigate initial job placement in terms of job location, job type, and job rank. Our results suggest gender differences in all three dimensions of job placement. Relative to their male counterparts, female candidates are less (more) likely to be placed into academic (government or private sector) jobs and, on average, are placed into worse ranked jobs. Foreign female candidates are also more likely than foreign males to stay in the U.S. When foreign students are placed outside the U.S., they are more likely to be in academia than in government or private sector, while the opposite holds when foreign students are placed in the U.S., which is largely consistent with a stylized theory model. Our results also reveal various country/region heterogeneities in the type, location, and rank of job placements.
The Actin-Related Protein2/3 Complex Regulates Mitochondrial-Associated Calcium Signaling during Salt Stress in Arabidopsis[C][W]

This study demonstrates that salt stress–induced changes in actin microfilament dynamics regulate mitochondrial movement and activity, which in turn regulate a salt-induced calcium change and cell death. Microfilament and Ca2+ dynamics play important roles in stress signaling in plants. Through genetic screening of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants that are defective in stress-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt), we identified Actin-Related Protein2 (Arp2) as a regulator of [Ca2+]cyt in response to salt stress. Plants lacking Arp2 or other proteins in the Arp2/3 complex exhibited enhanced salt-induced increases in [Ca2+]cyt, decreased mitochondria movement, and hypersensitivity to salt. In addition, mitochondria aggregated, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opened, and mitochondrial membrane potential Ψm was impaired in the arp2 mutant, and these changes were associated with salt-induced cell death. When opening of the enhanced mitochondrial permeability transition pore was blocked or increases in [Ca2+]cyt were prevented, the salt-sensitive phenotype of the arp2 mutant was partially rescued. These results indicate that the Arp2/3 complex regulates mitochondrial-dependent Ca2+ signaling in response to salt stress.
Tegument Proteins of Human Cytomegalovirus

SUMMARY Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common, medically relevant human herpesvirus. The tegument layer of herpesvirus virions lies between the genome-containing capsids and the viral envelope. Proteins within the tegument layer of herpesviruses are released into the cell upon entry when the viral envelope fuses with the cell membrane. These proteins are fully formed and active and control viral entry, gene expression, and immune evasion. Most tegument proteins accumulate to high levels during later stages of infection, when they direct the assembly and egress of progeny virions. Thus, viral tegument proteins play critical roles at the very earliest and very last steps of the HCMV lytic replication cycle. This review summarizes HCMV tegument composition and structure as well as the known and speculated functions of viral tegument proteins. Important directions for future investigation and the challenges that lie ahead are identified and discussed.
An Experience Report on Using Code Smells Detection Tools

Detecting code smells in the code and consequently applying the right refactoring steps when necessary is very important to improve the quality of the code. Different tools have been proposed for code smell detection, each one characterized by particular features. The aim of this paper is to describe our experience on using different tools for code smell detection. We outline the main differences among them and the different results we obtained.
Could native predators help to control invasive fishes? Microcosm experiments with the Neotropical characid, Brycon orbignyanus

– The potential of the native characid, Brycon orbignyanus, to help to control some invasive fish species currently present in the Parana River basin was addressed through microcosm experiments. Juveniles of three invasive (Cichla piquiti, Oreochromis niloticus and Ictalurus punctatus) and two native (Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus) fish species were offered as prey to B. orbignyanus in 300-l aquarium trials with three habitat complexity treatments (0%, 50% and 100% structure). Prey survival was much more variable among species (I. punctatus < C. piquiti < O. niloticus∼P. lineatus∼A. altiparanae) than through time, and B. orbignyanus predation was clearly mediated by habitat complexity, with lower prey survival in low-complexity treatments. The lower survival observed for C. piquiti could be partially explained by its less active behaviour and its preference for a surface microhabitat and less structured areas. Prey size also affected predation rates, as for the three less consumed species the largest individuals were significantly preyed on. Our results suggest that preserving and restoring the populations of B. orbignyanus might help to control some fish species introduced to the Parana River basin, particularly I. punctatus and C. piquiti.