Análisis de la ansiedad en el atletismo; un estudio con veteranos. [Analysis of anxiety in athletics; a study with master athletes].

En la creciente poblacion de atletas veteranos espanoles se analiza su ansiedad precompetitiva. Ademas, se evaluan que variables de satisfaccion intrinseca, percepcion y creencias sobre las cau-sas del exito en el deporte y que variables de entrenamiento e historial atletico influyen en tener un perfil de ansiedad o autoconfianza alto o bajo. Por ultimo, se analizan las diferencias en Ansiedad Cognitiva, Ansiedad Somatica y Autoconfianza en funcion de las variables independientes: sexo, edad, especialidad atletica, nivel de competicion alcanzado, tener entrenador, tiempo de entrenamiento diario, dias de entrenamiento semanales, anos de entrenamiento, numero de atle-tas con los que entrena y numero de competiciones en las que participa anualmente. Se obtuvieron valores medios en ansiedad precompetitiva (cognitiva y somatica) y altos en autoconfianza. Igualmente, como era de esperar por el tipo de colectivo, aburrimiento y tecnicas de engano obtienen unas puntuaciones muy bajas. Por el contrario, las puntuaciones en diversion son muy altas, y las obtenidas en esfuerzo y habilidad altas. Tambien son altas las percepciones de exito en el deporte por ego y por tarea. Se discuten los resultados y se concluye que el perfil del veterano con mayor autoconfianza y menor ansiedad es aquel que, siendo varon de mas de 50 anos, muestra una mayor orientacion a la tarea y diversion en la practica de las especialidades atleticas mas tecnicas y que, a su vez, se autoentrena y tiene mas de 20 anos de experiencia en la practica de su prueba. Abstract Precompetitive anxiety is analyzed within the growing population of Spanish veteran athletes. We also assess which variables of intrinsic satisfaction, perceptions and beliefs about the causes of success in sport, and which variables of athletic training and background have an impact upon hav-ing an anxiety profile or high or low self-confidence. Finally, we analyze the differences in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and selfconfidence based on independent variables: sex, age, athletic specialty, competition level achieved, whether the athlete is coached, daily training time, days of training per week, years spent training, number of athletes with whom they train and number of competitions in which they participate annually. Midrange values were obtained in precompetitive anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and high values in self-confidence. Also, as expected with this type of collective, boredom and deception techniques get some very low scores. Conversely, scores for fun are very high, and those obtained for effort and skill are also high, as is perception of success in sport judging by ego and task. We discuss the results and conclude that the profile of the veteran with more confidence and less anxiety is the one who, being a man of over 50 years, shows greater task orientation and sense of fun during practice of more technical athletic specialties and who, in turn, is self trained and has over 20 years’ practice experience. http://dx.doi. org/10.5232/ricyde2013.03302 --------------------------------------------------------------------- Referencias/references Duda, J. L. , & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in school-work and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology , 84(3), 290-299. http://dx.doi. org/10.1037/0022-0663.84. 3.290 Hu, L. , & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/10705519909540118 Mellalieu, S. ; Hanton, S. , & O´Brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports , 14, 326-334. http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004. 00389.x PMid:15387807 Ruiz-Juan, F. ; Gomez, M. ; Pappous; A. , Alacid, F. , & Flores, G. (2010). Dispositional Goal Orientation, Beliefs about the Causes of Success and Intrinsic Satisfaction in Young Elite Players. Journal of Human Kinetics , 26, 122-136. http://dx.doi. org/10.2478/v10078-010-0056-8 Ruiz-Juan, F. , & Zarauz, A. (2012). Predictors variables of motivation in the Spanish master athletes. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise , 7(3), 617-628. http://dx.doi. org/10.4100/jhse.2012. 73.02 --------------------------------------------------------------------