Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of gypsum on the hydro-mechanical characteristics of partially saturated sandy soil

Gypsum rich soils are of wide occurrence in the Middle East. They cover large areas of Iraq. Gypsum is one of the moderately soluble salts that can have significant effect on the engineering properties of soils. The effect of gypsum content and the stress state on the main hydraulic functions, volume change, shear strength and deformation characteristics of unsaturated silty clayey sand were experimentally examined. Statically compacted specimens of synthetic sand-gypsum mixtures were used. A new stress controllable pressure plate device was developed. The modified device was used to establish simultaneously both the stress-dependent soil-water characteristic curves (SD-SWCCs) and the stress-dependent hydraulic conductivity functions (SD-HCFs) during drying and wetting paths. The test results revealed that the parameters of the drying SWCC such as the water holding capacity, the air-entry suction, the air-entry water content, and the residual suction are clearly increased with increasing gypsum content. Same effect of gypsum was noticed on the wetting SWCC parameters. A clear decrease in saturated water content, desorption rate, absorption rate, and water holding capacity with increasing the applied net normal stress was noticed. Transient outflow methods were used to measure the SD-HCFs. An increase in the SD-HCFs with increasing gypsum content was found. Clear hysteresis effects on k(ψ) and minor hysteresis on k(w) were noticed. It was found that the outflow methods can be applicable between the air-entry suction and residual suction only. Direct shear tests were carried out on saturated and unsaturated specimens. The unsaturated specimens were air-dried and tested under constant water content conditions. Matric suction values were evaluated by incorporating the SD-SWCC test results. The friction angle related to matric suction (b), the effective stress parameter (χ), and the suction stress (s′) were found clearly decrease with increasing gypsum content and with increasing the net normal stress level. However, test results of saturated specimens revealed that the effective shear strength parameters (′, c′) are noticeably increased with increasing gypsum content in the soil mixture.
A Critique of Silviculture

The discipline of silviculture is at a crossroads. Silviculturists are under increasing pressure to develop practices that sustain the full function and dynamics of forested ecosystems and maintain ecosystem diversity and resilience while still providing needed wood products. A Critique of Silviculture offers a penetrating look at the current state of the fi eld and provides suggestions for its future development.
The Concept of Information Overload: A Review of Literature from Organization Science, Accounting, Marketing, MIS, and Related Disciplines

Based on literature from the domains of organization science, marketing, accounting, and management information systems, this review article examines the theoretical basis of the information overload discourse and presents an overview of the main definitions, situations, causes, effects, and countermeasures. It analyzes the contributions from the last 30 years to consolidate the existing research in a conceptual framework and to identify future research directions.
Evolutionary adaptation to juvenile malnutrition impacts adult metabolism and impairs adult fitness in Drosophila

Juvenile undernutrition has lasting effects on adult metabolism of the affected individuals, but it is unclear how adult physiology is shaped over evolutionary time by natural selection driven by juvenile undernutrition. We combined RNAseq, targeted metabolomics and genomics to study the consequences of evolution under juvenile undernutrition for metabolism of reproductively active adult females of Drosophila melanogaster. Compared to Control populations maintained on standard diet, Selected populations maintained for over 230 generations on a nutrient-poor larval diet evolved major changes in adult gene expression and metabolite abundance, in particular affecting amino-acid and purine metabolism. The evolved differences in adult gene expression and metabolite abundance between Selected and Control populations were positively correlated with the corresponding differences previously reported for Selected versus Control larvae. This implies that genetic variants affect both stages similarly. Even when well fed, the metabolic profile of Selected flies resembled that of flies subject to starvation. Finally, Selected flies had lower reproductive output than Controls even when both were raised under the conditions under which the Selected populations evolved. These results imply that evolutionary adaptation to juvenile undernutrition has large pleiotropic consequences for adult metabolism, and that they are costly rather than adaptive for adult fitness. Thus, juvenile and adult metabolism do not appear to evolve independently from each other even in a holometabolous species where the two life stages are separated by a complete metamorphosis.
Regional Trading Blocs in the world economic system, reseñado por Antonio Ortiz-Mena L.N.

This book explores whether the world economy is breaking up into regional trading and currency blocs centred on the European Community, Japan and the United States. Frankel uses trade, investment and financial data to assess this issue. He concludes with an analysis of how trends in regional economic integration can be used as building blocks for a stronger multilateral system.
Protocol of Process Evaluation of Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in India (SPRINT INDIA)Trial

Background and aims Secondary Prevention by Structured Semi-Interactive Stroke Prevention Package in India (SPRINT India) is a complex intervention delivered across 30 centres in 16 Indian states. The study delivers intervention in 12 languages in the form of workbook, videos and short messaging using cellular device and internet as a tool. Objectives of process evaluation are to assess whether trial was implemented as planned (fidelity and dose); whether, how and why the intervention is effective by looking at the stakeholders’ experiences (effectiveness); to assess reach of intervention in population (reach); how intervention fits into treatment plan to cause behavioural change when adopted (adoption); usefulness for target population and bring behaviour change (maintenance). Methods SPRINT India process evaluation is a prospective, multicentre study conducted with mixed-methods approach. Sample size of centres and stakeholders will be selected by maximum variance purposive sampling strategy. Centres will be stratified primarily for representing the 11 regional language in which the intervention is delivered. Qualitative data will comprise of interviews of patients, care givers and health professionals at these centres using semi structured interview guide. Quantitative data will comprise of all the randomised patients. Process evaluation framework is based on Realist and RE-AIM evaluation models presented according to Medical Research Council’s guidance. The four sections of the framework are context, trial implementation, mechanisms of impact and trial outcomes. Results Interviews of approximately 100 stakeholders and focus group interviews of health professionals and SPRINT India study central coordinating staff will be conducted. Analysis will be done using triangulation methodology. It will incorporate use of both quantitative and qualitative data, data collection techniques, data sources, evaluation models, stakeholders and researchers. Conclusions Process evaluation will identify efficacious factors in intervention package and consolidate use of secondary stroke semi-interactive stroke prevention package into practice and policy to prevent recurrent stroke.
Cultural Continuity as a Moderator of Suicide Risk among Canada's First Nations

Eight years ago the journal Transcultural Psychiatry published the results of an epidemiological study (Chandler and Lalonde 1998) in which the highly variable rates of youth suicide among British Columbia’s First Nations were related to six markers of “cultural continuity” – community-level variables meant to document the extent to which each of the province’s almost 200 Aboriginal “bands” had taken steps to preserve their cultural past and to secure future control of their civic lives. Two key findings emerged from these earlier efforts. The first was that, although the province-wide rate of Aboriginal youth suicide was sharply elevated (more than 5 times the national average), this commonly reported summary statistic was labelled an “actuarial fiction” that failed to capture the local reality of even one of the province’s First Nations communities. Counting up all of the deaths by suicide and then simply dividing through by the total number of available Aboriginal youth obscures what is really interesting – the dramatic differences in the incidence of youth suicide that actually distinguish one band or tribal council from the next. In fact, more than half of the province’s bands reported no youth suicides during the 6-year period (1987-1992) covered by this study, while more than 90% of the suicides occurred in less than 10% of the bands. Clearly, our data demonstrated, youth suicide is not an “Aboriginal” problem per se but a problem confined to only some Aboriginal communities. Second, all six of the “cultural continuity” factors originally identified – measures intended to mark the degree to which individual Aboriginal communities had successfully taken steps to secure their cultural past in light of an imagined future – proved to be strongly related to the presence or absence of youth suicide. Every community characterized by all six of these protective factors experienced no youth suicides during the 6-year reporting period, whereas those bands in which none of these factors were present suffered suicide rates more than 10 times the national average. Because these findings were seen by us, and have come to be seen by others, 1 not only as clarifying the link between cultural continuity and reduced suicide risk but also as having important policy implications, we have undertaken to replicate and broaden our earlier research efforts. We have done this in three ways. First, we have extended our earlier examination of the community-by-community incidence of Aboriginal youth suicides to include also the additional
Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean

Iron is hypothesized to be a limiting micronutrient for ocean primary production. This paper presents an analysis of the iron budget in the upper ocean. The global distribution of annual iron assimilation by phytoplankton was estimated from distributions of satellite‐derived oceanic primary production and measured (Fe:C)cellular ratios. The distributions of iron supply by upwelling/mixing and aeolian deposition were obtained by applying (Fe:NO3)dissolved ratios to the nitrate supply and by assuming the soluble fraction of mineral aerosols. A lower bound on the rate of iron recycling in the photic zone was estimated as the difference between iron assimilation and supply. Global iron assimilation by phytoplankton for the open ocean was estimated to be 12 × 109 mol Fe yr−1. Atmospheric deposition of total Fe is estimated to be 96×109 mol Fe yr−1 in the open ocean, with the soluble Fe fraction ranging between 1 and 10% (or 1‐10 ×109 mol Fe yr−1). By comparison, the upwelling/entrainment supply of dissolved Fe to the upper ocean is small, ∼0.7×109 mol Fe yr−1. Uncertainties in the aeolian flux and assimilation may be as large as a factor of 5‐10 but remain difficult to quantify, as information is limited about the form and transformation of iron from the soil to phytoplankton incorporation. An iron stress index, relating the (Fe:N) demand to the (Fe :N) supply, confirms the production in the high‐nitrate low‐chlorophyll regions is indeed limited by iron availability.
Morphological characterization of baung fish (Hemibagrus nemurus) aquatic habitat on the different method based truss morfometrics.

Research morphometric characters of H. nemurus conducted in 2012 in the waters of Koto Panjang Reservoir Kampar Regency, the waters of Kampar River Langgam Village Kampar Regency and Kampar River Kampung Baru Village Pelalawan Regency Riau Province. The purpose of research is to analyze the morphometric characters, the main differentiating factor, determination of inter grouping of H. nemurus populations. Results showed that the average length of H. nemurus population standard Koto Panjang Reservoir Kampar Regency 281.33 ± 27.08 mm significantly different with populations Kampar river waters Langgam Village Kampar Regency 318.03 ± 32.07 mm and the water Kampar River Kampung Baru Village Pelalawan Regency 320.80 ± 32.03 mm. The main differentiator of 30 morphometric charac- ters are long dorsal truss2 (G2) and long dorsal truss3 (G3) with a value of 0.940 respectively. H. nemurus populations are geographically sepa- rated from each habitat and genetic distance H. nemurus populations in waters Langgam village closer with a population of Kampung Baru village.
On the coverings of Euclidian manifolds $\mathcal{B}_1$ and $\mathcal{B}_2$

There are just 10 closed flat 3-manifolds, following [1], we call them platycosms. The aim of this paper is to classify types of n-coverings over amphicosms, i.e. some kinds of platycosms, and enumerate the numbers of them. Key words: platycosm, amphicosms, flat 3-manifold, non-equivalent covering over manifold, crystallographic group.
Geographic Distribution of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Puerto Rico

Molecular Laboratory (J. Wood, Boulder, Colorado, USA) for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay. Three of the ﬁ ve samples were Bd positive. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Saint Joseph’s College zoology collection.Annual larval surveys at the study site indicate that A. jeffersonianum and A. opacum (Marbled Salamander) populations have declined over the past ten years (R. Brodman, unpubl. data). Disease could be a cause of decline; however, we have not found dead or moribund larvae in previous years. To our knowledge, this is the ﬁ rst published case of Bd on larval salamanders. It should on larval salamanders. It should be noted that we have not determined the direct cause of mortality of these larval salamanders, nor the cause of the physical lesions, and it is possible that Bd and/or the associated physical lesions and/or the associated physical lesions could be the cause of mortality.
A Possible Clovis-age Quartzite Workshop (5GN149) in Gunnison County, Colorado

5GN149 is a lithic workshop in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado. The site is composed of an extensive scatter of chipping debris (6,800 m2) dispersed across the surface of a bench (2,420 m a.s.l.) overlooking the Gunnison River 125 m below. The site was used multiple times throughout prehistory, as indicated by point types spanning the late Paleoindian to the late Prehistoric. Although no diagnostic Clovis artifacts have been recovered, 5GN149 has yielded manufacturing debris reminiscent of Clovis technology (Figure 1). Surface collecting and near-surface excavation from 2002 to 2004 at 5GN149 produced approximately 5,000 lithic artifacts, though this represents only a fraction of the entire assemblage. Four clusters with well-defined boundaries have been identified within the larger debitage scatter and probably mark discrete manufacturing events. Upon refitting a portion of the assemblage derived from Cluster 1 (sample includes 1372 artifacts; 160 refit pairs were
Individualized Tour Route Plan Algorithm Based on Tourist Sight Spatial Interest Field

Smart tourism is the new frontier field of the tourism research. To solve current problems of smart tourism and tourism geographic information system (GIS), individualized tour guide route plan algorithm based on tourist sight spatial interest field is set up in the study. Feature interest tourist sight extracting matrix is formed and basic modeling data is obtained from mass tourism data. Tourism groups are determined by age index. Different age group tourists have various interests; thus interest field mapping model is set up based on individual needs and interests. Random selecting algorithm for selecting interest tourist sights by smart machine is designed. The algorithm covers all tourist sights and relative data information to ensure each tourist sight could be selected equally. In the study, selected tourist sights are set as important nodes while iteration intervals and sub-iteration intervals are defined. According to the principle of proximity and completely random, motive iteration clusters and sub-clusters are formed by all tourist sight parent nodes. Tourist sight data information and geospatial information are set as quantitative indexes to calculate motive iteration values and motive iteration decision trees of each cluster are formed, and then all motive iteration values are stored in descending order in a vector. For each cluster, there is an optimal motive iteration tree and a local optimal solution. For all clusters, there is a global optimal solution. Simulation experiments are performed and results data as well as motive iteration trees are analyzed and evaluated. The evaluation results indicate that the algorithm is effective for mass tourism data mining. The final optimal tour routes planned by the smart machine are closely related to tourists’ needs, interests, and habits, which are fully integrated with geospatial services. The algorithm is an effective demonstration of the application on mass tourism data mining.
Stealth Compensation Via Retirement Benefits

This paper analyzes an important form of "stealth compensation" provided to managers of public companies. We show how boards have been able to camouflage large amount of executive compensation through the use of retirement benefits and payments. Our study highlights the significant role that camouflage and stealth compensation play in the design of compensation arrangements. Our study also highlights the significance of whether information about compensation arrangements is not merely publicly available but also communicated in a way that is transparent and accessible to outsiders.
The Valuation of Inflation-Indexed and FX Convertible Bonds

Issuing convertible bonds has become a popular way of raising capital by corporations in the last few years. An important subgroup is convertibles linked to a price index or exchange rate. In this paper we extend the convertible pricing models of Tsiveriotis and Fernandes (1998) and McConnell and Schwartz (1986) to the case of indexation of the promised payments of the convertible to a general price index or to the price of foreign exchange. The theoretical framework derived in this paper considers two sources of uncertainty: both the underlying stock price and the consumer-price-index (or equivalently foreign-currency) are stochastic, and incorporate credit risk in the analysis. The extensions of two models enable to establish upper and lower bounds for the price of the indexed convertible. We approximate the pricing equations by using Rubinstein (1994) three-dimensional binomial tree, and we describe the numerical solution. We investigate and compare the models with respect to the characteristics of the issuer, the economic environment and the security’s characteristics. Moreover, we demonstrate the usefulnes and the limitations of the pricing model by using convertible traded on the Tel- Aviv stock exchange.
Sd-Index of Another Case of Pericondensed Benzenoid Graphs G(m, n, k)

In this paper, Sadhana (Sd) index of a pericondensed benzenoid graph consisting of three columns and having m, n, and k hexagons (counted column wise), in armchair position, is computed in a simple way under different cases. Case for two rows and for three rows (zig-zag position) has already been established. It is concluded that the results obtained are same for both zig-zag and armchair positions.
Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems ( MCIS ) 2011 Recommender Systems and their Effects on Consumers

Recommender systems are becoming integral to how consumers discover media. The value that recommenders offer is personalization. In environments with many product choices, recommenders personalize the experience to each user’s taste. Popular applications include product recommendations at online retail sites and online newspapers’ automatically selecting articles to display based on the current reader’s interests. This ability to focus more closely on one's taste and filter all else out has spawned criticism that recommenders will fragment users. Critics say recommenders cause consumers to have less in common with one another and that the media should do more to increase exposure to a variety of content. Others, however, contend that recommenders do the opposite: they may homogenize users because they share information among those who would otherwise not communicate. These are opposing views, discussed in the literature for over fourteen years, for which there is not yet empirical evidence. We present an empirical study of recommender systems in the music industry. In contrast to concerns that users are becoming more fragmented, we find that in our setting users become more similar to one another in their purchases. This increase in similarity occurs for two reasons, which we term volume and taste effects. The volume effect is that consumers simply purchase more after recommendations, increasing the chance of having more purchases in common. The taste effect is that, conditional on volume, consumers buy a more similar mix of products after recommendations. When we view consumers as a similarity network, the network becomes denser and smaller (characterized by shorter inter-user distances) after recommendations are introduced. These findings suggest that for this setting, recommender systems are associated with an increase in commonality among users and that concerns of fragmentation may be misplaced.
Long-range transport patterns into the tropical northwest Pacific during the CAMP2Ex aircraft campaign: chemical composition, size distributions, and the impact of convection

Long-range transport patterns into the tropical northwest Pacific during the CAMP2Ex aircraft campaign: chemical composition, size distributions, and the impact of convection Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario1,+, Ewan Crosbie2,3, Michael Shook2, Jeffrey S. Reid4, Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza1,5, James Bernard B. Simpas1,5, Luke Ziemba2, Joshua P. DiGangi2, Glenn S. 5 Diskin2, Phu Nguyen6, F. Joseph Turk7, Edward Winstead2,3, Claire E. Robinson2,3, Jian Wang8, Jiaoshi Zhang8, Yang Wang9, Subin Yoon10, James Flynn10, Sergio L. Alvarez10, Ali Behrangi11,12, Armin Sorooshian11,13,*
Peningkatan Akurasi Perkiraan Biaya dan Waktu Proyek Perangkat Lunak Berdasarkan Model Fuzzy Gaussian dan Perubahan Nilai Parameter

Perkiraan biaya dan waktu akan mempengaruhi manajemen proyek perangkat lunak. Penambahan cost driver yang diperkenalkan Barry Boehm pada tahun 2000 digunakan dalam penulisan ini guna memberikan hasil akurasi yang lebih baik karena telah mencakup keseluruhan bagian yang di estimasi. Namun jika hanya menggunakan metode COCOMO II hasil estimasi masih jauh dari Actual Effort. Oleh sebab itu peningkatan akurasi hasil COCOMO II dapat menggunakan metode Fuzzy Gaussian yang memberikan hasil estimasi lebih baik dilihat dari hasil MMRE. Tidak hanya menggunakan metode tersebut, tetapi juga mengubah nilai parameter COCOMO II secara menurun dengan nilai gradual 0,0001 untuk mencapai nilai optimal. Berdasarkan hasil implementasi metode yang diusulkan disini kesalahan akurasi perkiraan biaya dapat turun 30% dan kesalahan akurasi perkiraan waktu proyek perangkat lunak dapat turun 1,19% bila dibandingkan penelitian sebelumnya. Jadi keakuratan biaya dan waktu dalam penelitian ini dapat meningkat.