Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bang-Bang Control of Feeding: Role of Hypothalamic and Satiety Signals

Rats, people, and many other omnivores eat in meals rather than continuously. We show by experimental test that eating in meals is regulated by a simple bang-bang control system, an idea foreshadowed by Le Magnen and many others, shown by us to account for a wide range of behavioral data, but never explicitly tested or tied to neurophysiological facts. The hypothesis is simply that the tendency to eat rises with time at a rate determined by satiety signals. When these signals fall below a set point, eating begins, in on–off fashion. The delayed sequelae of eating increment the satiety signals, which eventually turn eating off. Thus, under free conditions, the organism eats in bouts separated by noneating activities. We report an experiment with rats to test novel predictions about meal patterns that are not explained by existing homeostatic approaches. Access to food was systematically but unpredictably interrupted just as the animal tried to start a new meal. A simple bang-bang model fits the resulting meal-pattern data well, and its elements can be identified with neurophysiological processes. Hypothalamic inputs can provide the set point for longer-term regulation carried out by a comparator in the hindbrain. Delayed gustatory and gastrointestinal aftereffects of eating act via the nucleus of the solitary tract and other hindbrain regions as neural feedback governing short-term regulation. In this way, the model forges real links between a functioning feedback mechanism, neuro–hormonal data, and both short-term (meals) and long-term (eating-rate regulation) behavioral data.
Performance of Defect Prediction in Rapidly Evolving Software

Defect prediction techniques allow spotting modules (or commits) likely to contain (introduce) a defect by training models with product or process metrics -- thus supporting testing, code integration, and release decisions. When applied to processes where software changes rapidly, conventional techniques might fail, as trained models are not thought to evolve along with the software. In this study, we analyze the performance of defect prediction in rapidly evolving software. Framed in a high commit frequency context, we set up an approach to continuously refine prediction models by using new commit data, and predict whether or not an attempted commit is going to introduce a bug. An experiment is set up on the Eclipse JDT software to assess the prediction ability trend. Results enable to leverage defect prediction potentials in modern development paradigms with short release cycle and high code variability.
Investigation of rifle marksmanship on simulated targets during thermal discomfort.

BACKGROUND Marksmanship has been reported to deteriorate during exposure to heat or cold, yet the effect of the resultant thermal strain in isolation of the inflicting thermal stress is not entirely clear. In most studies, the debilitating effects on marksmanship are confounded by an evolving thermal strain (in terms of body heat storage/debt). HYPOTHESIS Thermal strain (hot and cold) should degrade marksmanship, more with moving targets than with conventional pop-up targets that are deemed less challenging. METHODS The 12 rifle-trained military reservists (7 men and 5 women) were tested on their marksmanship skills using a small arms simulator. Subjects conducted three trials in an environmentally controlled chamber, 1 wk apart in a counter-balanced order. Trial conditions were neutral (N; 22 degrees C), hot (H; 35 degrees C), and cold (C; 5 degrees C), and all were preceded with an immersion in water to chest level to establish thermal strain (for H and C) or to maintain thermal neutrality prior to shooting. Subjects fired a C7 rifle at various targets during sixteen 5-min engagements over 2 h. Targets were presented either as moving in an urban setting or as pop-ups in a lane setting. Body temperatures, heart rate, saliva cortisol concentration, subjective ratings, and measures of marksmanship accuracy and precision were recorded and analyzed using a repeated measures design. RESULTS Mean +/- SD of the rectal temperature during the shooting were 36.9 +/- 0.2 degrees C, 37.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C, and 36.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C for N, H, and C, respectively (H > N, C). Corresponding hand temperatures were 31.5 +/- 1.2 degrees C, 35.2 +/- 0.7 degrees C, and 19.4 +/- 3.0 degrees C (H > N > C). These body temperatures were consistent with the subjective indices of heat illness, cold discomfort, and muscle discomfort. Cortisol concentration and perceived exertion were higher during H. Surprisingly, thermal strain did not degrade marksmanship. Instead, some aspects of precision (horizontal displacement) and accuracy (shooting error) were poorer during N compared with H and C. CONCLUSIONS Deep body temperatures not higher than approximately 37.9 degrees C and not less than 36.4 degrees C (accompanied by hand temperatures of not less than 19 degrees C) do not negatively affect rifle marksmanship performance, even if significant respective sensations of heat and cold are present.
Compositing for small cameras

To achieve a realistic integration of virtual and real imagery in video see-through augmented reality, the rendered images should have a similar appearance and quality to those captured by the video camera. This paper describes a compositing method which models the artefacts produced by a small low-cost camera, and adds these effects to an ideal pinhole image produced by conventional rendering methods. We attempt to model and simulate each step of the imaging process, including distortions, chromatic aberrations, blur, Bayer masking, noise and colour-space compression, all while requiring only an RGBA image and an estimate of camera velocity as inputs.
Incremental Mining for Regular Frequent Patterns in Vertical Format

—In the real world database updates continuously in several online applications like super market, network monitoring, web administration, stock market etc. Frequent pattern mining is a fundamental and essential area in data mining research. Not only occurrence frequency of a pattern but also occurrence behaviour of a pattern may be treated as important criteria to measure the interestingness of a pattern. A frequent pattern is said to be regular frequent if the occurrence behaviour is less than or equal to the user given regularity threshold. In incremental transactional databases the occurrence frequency and the occurrence behaviour of a pattern changes whenever a small set of new transactions are added to the database. It is undesirable to mine regular frequent patterns from the scratch. Thus proposes a new algorithm called RFPID (Regular Frequent Pattern Mining in Incremental Databases) to mine regular frequent patterns in incremental transactional databases using vertical data format which requires only one database scan. The experimental results show our algorithm is efficient in both memory utilization and execution.
Dimeric Trigger Factor Stably Binds Folding-competent Intermediates and Cooperates with the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE Chaperone System to Allow Refolding*

Trigger factor (TF) is the first chaperone encountered by the nascent chain in bacteria and forms a stoichiometric complex with the ribosome. However, the functional significance of the high cytosolic concentration of uncomplexed TF, the majority of which is dimeric, is unknown. To gain insight into TF function, we investigated the TF concentration dependence of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) reactivation yield in the presence and absence of the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system in vitro. Cross-linking results indicate that the observed decrease in the reactivation yield of GAPDH at high concentrations of TF is due to the formation of a stable complex between TF dimer and GAPDH intermediates. In the absence of TF, or at low TF concentrations, the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system had negligible effect on the GAPDH refolding yield. However, GAPDH intermediates bound and held by dimeric TF could be specifically rescued by the DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE chaperone system in an ATP-dependent manner. This indicates the potential of TF, in its dimeric form, to act as a binding chaperone, maintaining non-native proteins in a refolding competent conformation and cooperating with downstream molecular chaperones to facilitate post-translational or post-stress protein folding.
Deflection determination of concrete structures considering nonlinearity based on long-gauge strain sensors

Deflection determination of concrete structures using distributed long-gauge strain sensors is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the relationship between deflection and distributed long-gauge strain of concrete beams is presented, and the method is independent of external load and takes account of structural nonlinearity. The deflection distribution along the span of a beam-like structure can be predicted from strain response for the whole process of loading (elastic stage, concrete cracking stage and steel yielding stage). Secondly, experiment of a reinforced concrete beam has been conducted to verify the accuracy of the method. Experimental results show that the relative error between the estimated and actual deflection can be controlled within about 5% while the error can reach up to about 70% if structural nonlinearity is not considered. Finally, the influence of error of material parameters and sensor gauge length on deflection estimation has been analyzed. The error of concrete compression strength has a limited influence on deflection prediction while the contribution of tensile concrete should be considered before concrete cracking. The error of area of tensile bars will affect the deflection accuracy after concrete cracking.
Magnesium and osteoarthritis: from a new perspective

Magnesium (Mg) as an essential trace element in bone metabolism has been paid to great attention in recent years according to its osteogenic effect and critical role in bone mineralization process. However, the biological influence of Mg to cartilage metabolism had not been taken in consideration seriously, because articular cartilage is believed to be lacking of mineral ingredient, and most body Mg content is stored in bone (50–60%) and soft tissue (40%) rather than in cartilage. In this review, we retrospect the original works which previously detected Mg based calcium (Ca)-phosphate composites in cartilage tissue, and analyzed the correlation between mineral crystals and arthropathy in osteoarthritis (OA). It indicates that Mg deficiency in cartilage tissue lead to chondrocytes lesions caused by uncontrolled growing of high Ca content crystals in cartilage tissue. Additionally, Mg ions directly promote chondrocytes differentiation and viability, however, the mechanism is not understood yet. We make hypothesis and probable explanation for Mg ions’ exotic characters in chondrogenic effect based on the existent incomplete studies of Mg ions in cell energy metabolism, cytoskeletal rearrangement and integrin deformation. Mg has already been applied into the OA treatment in animal model due to its significantly protective effect on cartilage tissue. In future studies, clinical administration of Mg (oral administration or local infiltration) will be a promising therapy that conservatively treats OA with a thorough understanding of mechanism of Mg ions’ biological effect on cartilage tissue repair.
Involvement of the Src-cortactin pathway in podosome formation and turnover during polarization of cultured osteoclasts

Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that adhere to bone via podosomes, and degrade it. During osteoclast polarization, podosomes undergo reorganization from a scattered distribution, through the formation of clusters and ring super-structures, to the assembly of a sealing zone at the cell periphery. In the present study, we demonstrate that the levels of podosome-associated actin, and its reorganization in cultured osteoclasts, radically increase upon formation of podosome rings. At the peripheral ring, actin levels and dynamic reorganization were high, whereas paxillin, associated with the same adhesion super-structure, remained relatively stable. These dynamic changes were regulated by the tyrosine kinase pp60c-Src, whose scaffolding activity supported the assembly of immature stationary podosomes; its catalytic activity was essential for podosome maturation and turnover. The enhanced dynamic reorganization of podosomes during osteoclast polarization was inversely related to the local levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of the Src substrate, cortactin. Furthermore, overexpression of cortactin, mutated at its major Src phosphorylation sites, enhanced actin turnover, suggesting that podosome dynamics in polarizing osteoclasts are attributable to the downregulation of cortactin activity by its Src-dependent phosphorylation.
The distal fallopian tube: a new model for pelvic serous carcinogenesis

Purpose of review Research over the past 50 years has yielded little concrete information on the source of pelvic serous cancer in women, creating a knowledge gap that has adversely influenced our ability to identify, remove or prevent the earliest stages of the most lethal form of ovarian cancer. Recent findings The distal fallopian tube is emerging as an established source of many early serous carcinomas in women with BRCA mutations (BRCA+). Protocols examining the fimbrial (SEE-FIM) end have revealed a noninvasive but potentially lethal form of tubal carcinoma, designated tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. Tubal intraepithelial carcinoma is present in many women with presumed ovarian or peritoneal serous cancer. A candidate precursor to tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, entitled the ‘p53 signature’, suggests that molecular events associated with serous cancer (p53 mutations) may be detected in benign mucosa. Summary A fully characterized precursor lesion is a first and necessary step to pelvic serous cancer prevention. The emerging data offer compelling evidence for a model of ‘fimbrial-ovarian’ serous neoplasia, and call attention to the distal fallopian tube as an important source for this disease, the study of which could clarify pathways to cancer in both organs and generate novel strategies for cancer prevention.
Extension sticker: a method for transferring external touch input using a striped pattern sticker

A method for transferring external touch input is proposed by partially attaching a sticker to a touch-panel display. The touch input area can be extended by printing striped patterns using a conductive ink and attaching them to overlap with a portion of a touch-panel display. Even if the user does not touch the touch panel directly, a touch event can be generated by touching the stripes at an arbitrary point corresponding to the touched area. Thus, continuous touch input can be generated, such as a scrolling operation without interruption. This method can be applied to a variety of devices including PCs, smartphones, and wearable devices. In this paper, we present several different examples of applications, including a method for extending control areas outside of the touch panel, such as the side or back of a smartphone.
HADRONIC FORM FACTORS AND PERTURBATIVE QCD

▪ Abstract The electromagnetic form factors of hadrons at large momentum transfer have been the subject of intense theoretical and experimental scrutiny over the past two decades, yet there is still not a universally accepted framework for their description. This review is a synopsis of their current status. The basic theoretical approaches to form factors at large momentum transfer are developed, emphasizing the valence quark and Feynman (soft) pictures. The discussion includes the relation of these descriptions to the parton model, as well as the roles of factorization, evolution, Sudakov resummation and QCD sum rules. This is followed by a discussion of the experimental status of pion and nucleon elastic form factors and resonance production amplitudes in the light of recent data; the successes and shortcomings of various theoretical proposals are highlighted.
Molecular dynamics simulations of liquid, interface, and ionic solvation of polarizable carbon tetrachloride

In this study, we construct a nonadditive polarizable model potential to describe the intermolecular interactions between carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, based on classical molecular dynamics techniques. The potential parameters are refined to accurately describe the experimental thermodynamic and structural properties of liquid CCl4 at 298 K. We then carried out additional liquid CCl4 simulations at temperatures in the range of 250–323 K to examine the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic properties. The computed liquid densities and the enthalpies of vaporization are in excellent agreement with experimental values. The structures of liquid CCl4 can be analyzed by examining the radial distribution functions and angular distribution functions. It is found that the liquid CCl4 forms an interlocking structure and that a local orientational correlation is observed between neighboring CCl4 molecules. We also investigate the CCl4 liquid/vapor interface using this potential model. The density profile shows t.
Data-based controller tuning: Improving the convergence rate

Data-based control design methods most often consist of iterative adjustment of the controller's parameters towards the parameter values which minimize an H2 performance criterion. Typically, batches of input-output data collected from the system are used to feed directly a gradient descent optimization - no process model is used. The convergence to the global minimum of the performance criterion depends on the initial controller parameters, as well as on the size and direction of the steps taken at each iteration. This paper discusses these issues and provides a method for choosing the search direction and the step size at each optimization step so that convergence to the global minimum is obtained with high convergence rate.
The effect of client caching on file server workloads

A distributed file system provides a file service from one or more shared file servers to a community of client workstations over a network. While the client-server paradigm has many advantages, it also presents new challenges to system designers concerning performance and reliability. As both client workstations and file servers become increasingly well-resourced, a number of system design decision need to be re-examined. This research concerns the caching of disk-blocks in a distributed client-server environment. Some recent research has suggested that various strategies for cache management may not be equally suited to the circumstances at both the client and the server. Since any caching strategy is based on assumptions concerning the characteristics of the demand, the performance of the strategy is only as good as the accuracy of this assumption. The performance of a caching strategy at a file server is strongly influenced by the presence of client caches since these caches alter the characteristics of the stream of requests that reaches the server. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the effect of client caching on the nature of the server workload as a step towards understanding the performance of caching strategies at the server. The results demonstrate that client caches alter workload characteristics in a way that leaves a profound impact on server cache performance, and suggest worthwhile directions for the future development of server caching strategies.
Transition programs in cystic fibrosis centers: Perceptions of pediatric and adult program directors

There is a growing population of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and a need for development of adult CF programs. Recommendations for transfer of patients to an adult program include a transition program. Our goal was to assess the current status of transition programs in US CF centers. In addition, we sought to determine the problems related to the transfer of patients to adult programs as perceived by CF center program directors.
POLARMAP - Efﬁcent Visualization of High Dimensional Data

— Mulidimensional scaling provides low-dimensional visualization of high-dimensional feature vectors. This is a very important step in data preprocessing because it helps the user to appraise which methods to use for further data analysis. But a well known problem with conventional MDS is the quadratic need of space and time. Beside this, a transformation of MDS must be completely recomputed if additional feature vectors have to be considered. The POLARMAP algorithm, presented in this paper, learns a function, similar to NeuroScale, but with lower computational costs, that maps high-dimensional feature vectors to a 2-dimensional feature space. With the obtained function even new feature vectors can be mapped to the target space.
The Classification of Calcium Antagonists by the WHO Expert Committee: Relevance in Neurology

A new classification of calcium antagonists has been developed by a WHO expert committee. Substances acting primarily via the inhibition of calcium entry into the cell have been divided into four distinct classes. The pharmacological characteristics of these classes that may be relevant for the use in various neurological disorders are highlighted in this paper. Some main differences concern the effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and brain cells. The well-documented clinical applications in neurology are still limited to migraine prophylaxis and vertigo. The evidence concerning the usefulness in cerebral vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid haemorrhage was regarded as reasonable, whereas several neurological indications should still be regarded as being under examination. There is little doubt that calcium antagonists will gain importance in the treatment of several neurological diseases.
Bone-anchored annular closure following lumbar discectomy reduces risk of complications and reoperations within 90 days of discharge

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate perioperative complications of lumbar discectomy with or without bone-anchored annular closure device (ACD) implant in patients at high risk of recurrent disc herniation. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial that compared outcomes of lumbar discectomy with or without additional placement of an ACD. Patients presented with imaging evidence of lumbar disc herniation and radicular pain that was unresponsive to conservative care. Randomization occurred intraoperatively following discectomy completion and confirmation of annular defect width ≥6 mm. Main outcomes included serious adverse events (SAEs) from any cause, device- or procedure-related SAEs, and reoperations at the index level. The perioperative period included all outcomes occurring between the day of surgery and 90 days following hospital discharge. Results Analyses were performed on a modified intention-to-treat population consisting of 272 patients treated with ACD and 278 patients treated with lumbar discectomy only (controls). Mean patient age was 44 years, 59% were men, and mean body mass index was 26 kg/m2. Baseline patient characteristics and operative outcomes were comparable between groups. The risks of all-cause SAE (9.7% vs 16.3%, p=0.056), device- or procedure-related SAE (4.5% vs 10.2%, p=0.02), and index-level reoperation (1.9% vs 5.4%, p=0.03) were lower with ACD vs controls. In multivariable logistic regression, control group assignment and female gender were independently associated with higher risk of device- or procedure-related SAE and index-level reoperation, respectively. Conclusion In patients undergoing lumbar discectomy to treat symptomatic intervertebral disc herniation, adjunctive placement of an ACD reduces the risk for perioperative complications occurring through 90 days following hospital discharge.