Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jitter compensation for real-time control systems

In this paper, we first identify the potential violations of control assumptions inherent in standard real-time scheduling approaches (because of the presence of jitters) that causes, degradation in control performance and may even lead to instability. We then develop practical approaches founded on control theory to deal with these violations. Our approach is based on the notion of compensations wherein controller parameters are adjusted at runtime for the presence of jitters. Through time and memory overhead analysis, and by elaborating on the implementation details, we characterize when offline and on-line compensations are feasible. Our experimental results confirm that our approach does compensate for the degraded control performance when EDF and FPS algorithms are used for scheduling the control tasks. Our compensation approach provides us another advantage that leads to better schedulability of control tasks. This derives from the potential to derive more flexible timing constraints, beyond periods and deadlines necessary to apply EDF and FPS. Overall, our approach provides guarantees offline that the control system will be stable at runtime-if temporal requirements are met at runtime-even when actual execution patterns are not known beforehand. With our approach, we can address the problems due to (a) sampling jitters, (b) varying delays between sampling and actuation, or (c) both-not addressable using traditional EDF and FPS based scheduling, or by previous real-time and control integration approaches.
Risk Score for Predicting Long-Term Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Background— No simplified bedside risk scores have been created to predict long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Methods and Results— The New York State Cardiac Surgery Reporting System was used to identify 8597 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery in July through December 2000. The National Death Index was used to ascertain patients' vital statuses through December 31, 2007. A Cox proportional hazards model was fit to predict death after CABG surgery using preprocedural risk factors. Then, points were assigned to significant predictors of death on the basis of the values of their regression coefficients. For each possible point total, the predicted risks of death at years 1, 3, 5, and 7 were calculated. It was found that the 7-year mortality rate was 24.2 in the study population. Significant predictors of death included age, body mass index, ejection fraction, unstable hemodynamic state or shock, left main coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and history of open heart surgery. The points assigned to these risk factors ranged from 1 to 7; possible point totals for each patient ranged from 0 to 28. The observed and predicted risks of death at years 1, 3, 5, and 7 across patient groups stratified by point totals were highly correlated. Conclusion— The simplified risk score accurately predicted the risk of mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and can be used for informed consent and as an aid in determining treatment choice.
Transcranial direct current stimulation effects on auditory event-related potentials in schizophrenia

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is considered a non-invasive and well-tolerated brain stimulation technique with very few adverse side effects. Importantly, tDCS does not directly evoke neuronal firing (as induced by electroconvulsive or transcranial magnetic stimulation), but instead alters the resting membrane potential of preand post-synaptic neurons dependent on the current polarity in the stimulated brain region. Animal studies suggest that changes in long-term potentiation occur via glutamate release in response to anodal tDCS, thereby affecting learning and memory. In clinical studies, a current not exceeding 2 mA/cm2 is applied for 10–30 min via electrodes placed above the target brain region. To date, a number of clinical studies have reported some promising effects when treating patients with depression, chronic pain, schizophrenia, dementia, Parkinson’s disease and cerebral stroke. However, appropriately designed randomized controlled clinical trials are scarce and reported intervention effect sizes only vary from small to moderate, with little evidence for sustained long-term effects. Particularly the effects of tDCS on human cognition are poorly understood, including the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. Hence, the current thesis investigated the effects of anodal tDCS over the prefrontal cortex on auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) and related changes in the neurochemistry of the stimulated brain tissue with high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in healthy volunteers. The effects of a single session of 20 min of 2 mA left-prefrontal anodal versus sham stimulation on auditory ERPs was investigated by employing a randomized single-blind crossover design. Stimulation effects on cortical glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Glx) levels were subsequently measured in a 3 Tesla MRS scan. tDCS
Car Navigation System Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

This paper discusses a new route selection algorithm and particularly focuses as follows: (1) A hybrid technique which combines Genetic Algorithm with Dijkstra Algorithm is introduced to achieve high quality route guidance. (2) The proposed car navigation system enables to find a route which has several passing points before arriving at the final destination. (3) New genetic operations for car navigation system are introduced not to generate a lethal gene. Experiments using map data prove the effectiveness of the proposed car navigation system.
Epidemiological studies of obstetric ultrasound examinations in Denmark 1989‐1990 versus 1994‐1995

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to describe number, type, time and place for all obstetric ultrasound examinations that pregnant women in Denmark had performed during their pregnancies. Further, to compare these results with results from a similar national survey performed five years previously. METHODS During a two-week period in February 1990 and a two-week period in May 1995, all delivery departments in Denmark (1990: 57/1995: 49) participated in two identical designed studies with the aim as described above. For all women who delivered in these periods variables were recorded from the women's case records and after interview. After the exclusion of 108/145 women without complete registrations, the material consisted of 2268/2315 women; approximately 3.7%/3.4% of all deliveries in Denmark 1990/1995. The chi2 and t-test were used for statistical analyses with a statistical significance level of 5%. RESULTS Of all obstetric ultrasound examinations 99%/96% took place in hospitals. Twenty/seven percent of the women had no examination during their pregnancies. The mean number of obstetric ultrasound examinations was 1.5/1.9 for all women and 1.9/2.1 for women who had at least one examination. In total 40%/54% of the women were offered a screening examination. Women with an offer of screening had a mean number of examinations: 1.8/2.0 and women without an offer: 1.3/1.9 (1990: p<0.05; 1995: non-significant). CONCLUSION The studies have shown an increasing number of women with an offer of ultrasound screening and in general an increased use of ultrasound examinations in obstetrics during the five year period 1990-1995 in Denmark.
Optimal Load Management With Inclusion of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Energy Resources

This paper presents an optimal load management (OLM) strategy for distribution systems with high penetration of electric vehicle chargers and distributed energy resources. The paper describes two formulations of the OLM and practical implementation issues aimed to improve OLM accuracy and to reduce its computational burden. The proposed OLM formulations are specifically designed to provide a good compromise between computational burden and result accuracy. A radial system with three-phase unbalanced section is used for illustrating the proposed OLM technique.
Divorce and Religious Intermarriage: The Effect of Previous Marital Status upon Subsequent Marital Behavior

The inclusion of information on the religious background of groom and bride on the marriage licenses of the states of Iowa and Indiana led to the observation that the proportion of religious intermarriages is considerably higher among remarriages than among "both first" marriages. A more detailed analysis of these data reveals that the effects of previous marital statuses are not uniform. Previous widowhood strongly encourages subsequent endogamy, while previous divorce leads to such a high level of subsequent intermarriage that it must be considered a leading factor in the formation of religious intermarriages.
Context Awareness as a Service for Cloud Resource Optimization

Cloud computing architectures involve different actors that can be divided into four categories: infrastructure- and platform-as-a-service providers, PaaS clients, and end users. These actors establish contracts with each other, with the intention of optimizing their costs and offering quality service. Paying attention to end users' context and providing context awareness as a service at the PaaS provider level offers several benefits, including that it lets PaaS clients develop multimodal services and thus optimize infrastructure use. In this article, the authors describe how to include context awareness in cloud infrastructure and the impact it could have at each actor's level.
Science Current Directions in Psychological Goal-driven Cognition and Functional Behavior : the Fundamental-motives Framework on Behalf Of: Association for Psychological Science Goal-driven Cognition and Functional Behavior: the Fundamental-motives Framework the Fundamental Motives Framework

Fundamental motives have direct implications for evolutionary fitness and orchestrate attention, memory, and social inference in functionally specific ways. Motivational states linked to self-protection and mating offer illustrative examples. When self-protective motives are aroused, people show enhanced attention to, and memory for, angry male strangers; they also perceive out-group members as especially dangerous. In contrast, when mating motives are aroused, men show enhanced attention to and memory for attractive members of the opposite sex; mating motives also lead men (but not women) to perceive sexual arousal in attractive members of the opposite sex. There are further functionally specific consequences for social behavior. For example, self-protective motives increase conformity among both men and women, whereas mating motives lead men (but not women) to engage in anticonformist behavior. Other motivational systems trigger different adaptive patterns of cognitive and behavioral responses. This body of research illustrates the highly specific consequences of fitness-relevant motivational states for cognition and behavior, and highlights the value of studying human motivation and cognition within an evolutionary framework. You walk into a crowded room. Who do you notice? Who do you later remember? Do you try to fit in, or do you instead try to stand out from others? The answers to these questions likely depend critically on your current motivational state. Emerging evidence shows that attention to, memory for, and behavioral responses toward other people differ—sometimes dramati-cally—depending on whether individual decision makers are concerned with personal safety, are interested in romance, or are motivated to attain some other adaptively significant goal. A growing body of research suggests that biologically significant motivational states inspire us to be functionally attuned to particular events in our social environments. Those motivational states can be considered ''fundamental'' in an evolutionary sense (Kenrick, Griskevicius, Neuberg, & Schaller, in press). Here, we review the fundamental-motives framework, examining some of the functionally specific effects of such motivational states on cognition and behavior. This approach provides a distinct alternative to traditional domain-general models of motivation , which have often adopted overly simple dimensional approaches that bypass much of the important action in the functional links between motivation and cognition. Motivational systems have been shaped by natural selection to produce behaviors that increase reproductive fitness. For any social animal, including Homo sapiens, reproduction involves much more than just sex. To reproduce successfully—to produce viable offspring and raise them to reproductive age— human beings need to achieve many subsidiary …
SVPWM SWITCHING PATTERN FOR Z-SOURCE INVERTER, SIMULATION AND APPLICATION

The voltage source inverter (VSI) and current voltage source inverter (CSI) are widely used in industrial application. But the traditional VSIs and CSIs have one common problem: can’t boost or buck the voltage come from battery, which make them impossible to be used alone in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV/EV) motor drive application, other issue is the traditional inverter need to add the dead-band time into the control sequence, but it will cause the output waveform distortion. This report presents an impedance source (Z-source network) topology to overcome these problems, it can use one stage instead of two stages (VSI or CSI + boost converter) to buck/boost the voltage come from battery in inverter system. Therefore, the Z-source topology hardware design can reduce switching element, entire system size and weight, minimize the system cost and increase the system efficiency. Also, a modified space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) control method has been selected with the Z-source network together to achieve the best efficiency and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) at different modulation indexes. Finally, the Z-source inverter controlling will modulate under two control sequences: sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and SVPWM, and their output voltage, ripple and THD will be compared. Index Terms – VSI, CSI, buck/boost, Z-source, SPWM, SVPWM, ripple, THD.
Intrusive Routing for Improved Standard Cell Pin Access

Routability in a standard cell-based physical design flow has emerged as a critical objective in order to meet tight scaling and area requirements while conforming to the increasingly complex design rules. Access to the cell I/O pins can become severely limited based on constraints such as local routing resources, number of tracks, pre-existing nets blocking approach directions, and so on. In this work, we explore a novel approach for enhancing the capabilities of a commercial router aimed at improving pin access and consequently design area utilization. In the proposed intrusive routing methodology, the router would be given the ability to rip-up and change the pre-existing routing configurations inside standard cells, in order to try and achieve a better solution for the particular local scenario. Several approaches are discussed that tradeoff solution optimality with runtime and output reliability. We have implemented a framework tool flow enabling one of the different proposed ideas to validate the idea. As a baseline, this proof-of-concept, sub-optimal implementation achieves equivalent utilization compared to a standard methodology for various routing-constrained design benchmarks. Having thus validated our flow, we seek to incrementally extend the framework towards a complete implementation in the future.
FRED S. KELLER, UM REFORÇADOR CONDICIONADO GENERALIZADO FRED S. KELLER: A GENERALIZED CONDITIONED REINFORCER 1

This tribute to Fred S. Keller describes how he dedicated his career to applying scientific knowledge about behavior to the improvement of education. In his later years he acknowledged his disappointment at the failure of his Personalized System of Instruction to be generally applied in universities and in school systems, and pointed out reasons why education has remained untouched by applications of the science of behavior. He realized that science must go beyond the study of individual behavior and must seek an understanding of behavior in whole cultures, adding to its many successful remedial techniques procedures that extend in scope to total populations.
Evaluation of in vitro percutaneous absorption of olanzapine and fluoxetine HCl: enhancement properties of olanzapine

The diffusion characteristics of fluoxetine HCl (FLX HCl) and olanzapine (OLZ) alone and in combination with each other were studied to determine their in vitro permeation behavior across a series of gelling agents through a cellulose membrane and human cadaver skin. Klucel 0.5% was selected as the optimal formulation to study their diffusion through human cadaver skin. The release profiles of drugs acting alone and in combinations were identical in the case of the cellulose membrane. However, with human cadaver skin, the permeation of FLX HCl in combination with OLZ drastically increased (732 µg) compared with the release of FLX HCl alone (43.7 µg), while the release of OLZ remained the same whether alone or in combination with FLX HCl (183.7 µg). The results indicate that OLZ enhances the diffusion of FLX HCl through the cadaver skin. Follow-up studies with OLZ were conducted to further investigate this phenomenon and have shown that OLZ enhancement properties are skin reversible as well as concentration dependent. Also, a variety of experiments with different hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules were conducted, and it was found that OLZ enhances the permeation of hydrophilic compounds, while it has no influence on lipophilic compounds. Finally, a number of compounds structurally related to OLZ were investigated as enhancers, and it was determined that piperazine ring attached to the tricyclic system of OLZ is essential for enhancement of FLX HCl (1,837 µg).
When Misses Differ: Investigating Impact of Cache Misses on Observed Performance

Although modeling of memory caches for the purpose of cache design and process scheduling has advanced considerably, the effects of cache sharing are still not captured by common approaches to modeling of software performance. One of the obstacles is lack of information about the relationship between cache misses, which the cache models usually describe, and the timing penalties, which the performance models require. Following earlier work that has shown how cache misses do not quite account for timing penalties, we report on extensive experiments that investigate the connection between cache sharing and observed performance in more depth on a real computer architecture.
Stem Cell Mechanobiology Stem Cells and Mechanobiology

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that are capable of proliferation, self-maintenance and differentiation towards specific cell phenotypes. These processes are controlled by a variety of cues including physicochemical factors associated with the specific mechanical environment in which the cells reside. The control of stem cell biology through mechanical factors remains poorly understood and is the focus of the developing field of mechanobiology. This review provides an insight into the current knowledge of the role of mechanical forces in the induction of differentiation of stem cells. While the details associated with individual studies are complex and typically associated with the stem cell type studied and model system adopted, certain key themes emerge. First, the differentiation process affects the mechanical properties of the cells and of specific subcellular components. Secondly, that stem cells are able to detect and respond to alterations in the stiffness of their surrounding microenvironment via induction of lineage-specific differentiation. Finally, the application of external mechanical forces to stem cells, transduced through a variety of mechanisms, can initiate and drive differentiation processes. The coalescence of these three key concepts permit the introduction of a new theory for the maintenance of stem cells and alternatively their differentiation via the concept of a stem cell ‘mechano-niche’, defined as a specific combination of cell mechanical properties, extracellular matrix stiffness and external mechanical cues conducive to the maintenance of the stem cell population. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1–9, 2011. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acute Abdomen and Perforated Bowel with a Rare Pathology: Nonfamilial Visceral Myopathy

Visceral myopathy is a rare chronic disease affecting the peristalsis of the bowel causing intermittent pseudoobstruction. We report an atypical case of an eighty-nine-year-old woman with no prior history of abdominal illness who was admitted to our hospital with 2 days of increasing nausea, abdominal distension, and abdominal pain. On arrival at the hospital, she was critically ill. Abdominal X-ray showed distended loops of the colon and liquid levels resembling colonic obstruction. A subsequent abdominal CT scan confirmed the colonic obstruction. A suspicion of sigmoid volvulus was raised, that is why a barium enema was performed but no lower colonic obstruction could be confirmed. Acute laparotomy showed perforated cecum without intestinal obstruction. Postoperatively, the patient became septic which was fatal for the patient. Pathology gave the diagnosis visceral myopathy. It is very difficult to make the diagnosis clinically and radiologically since visceral myopathy mimics other more common gastrointestinal diseases. It is important to consider visceral myopathy as a possible diagnosis in cases with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal distension, but without actual intestinal obstruction.
Analyze the learner's concentration using detection of facial feature points

The system proposed in this paper is to analyze the concentration of learning. It is the system to detect and analyze facial feature in the image data for analysis of leaner's concentration. The concentration is important to the learner because the system analyzes and reflects the current situation when they study. We compare and analyze differences of feature points after detecting feature points of the face movement for the concentration analysis.
Emotional and Affective Temperaments in Smoking Candidates for Bariatric Surgery

Introduction The prevalence of smoking habits in severe obesity is higher than in the general population. There is some evidence that smokers have different temperaments compared to non-smokers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between smoking status (smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers) and temperament characteristics in bariatric surgery candidates. Methods We analyzed data on temperament of 420 bariatric surgery candidates, as assessed by the AFECTS scale, in an exploratory cross-sectional survey of bariatric surgery candidates who have been grouped into smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Results We detected significant statistical differences in temperament related to the smoking status in this population after controlling the current use of psychiatric medication. Smokers had higher anxiety and lower control than non-smokers. Ex-smokers with BMI >50 kg/m2 presented higher coping and control characteristics than smokers. Conclusions Smoking in bariatric surgery candidates was associated with lower control and higher anxious temperament, when controlled by current use of psychiatric medication. Smokers with BMI >50 kg/m2 presented lower coping and control than ex-smokers. Assessment of temperament in bariatric surgery candidates may help in decisions about smoking cessation treatment and prevention of smoking relapse after surgery.