Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Predictor-Corrector Method for One-Dimensional Stiff Detonation Capturing

A new fractional step method is proposed for stiff chemical reactive flows. In stiff reaction problems, wrong propagation speed of detonation wave may occur in general fraction step algorithm. During the reaction step, the proposed scheme replaces the average representation with two-reconstruction values which are obtained by predictor-corrector steps. For numerical experiments, the first-order upwind AUSM scheme and the explicit Euler method are considered. Several one-dimensional stiff reactive flows are investigated. The numerical results show that the propagation speed of the detonation wave computed by the standard method is faster than the exact solution. However, the numerical solutions by the proposed method have very good agreement with the exact solution.
Miniature in-line photonic crystal fiber etalon fabricated by 157 nm laser micromachining.

A miniature in-line fiber-optic Fabry-Perot etalon is fabricated on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) by using 157 nm laser micromachining for the first time to our knowledge. Experimental results show that such a PCF-based etalon has an excellent fringe visibility of up to ~26 dB due to the mirror-finish quality of the two cavity surfaces inside the PCF. This etalon can be used as an ideal sensor for precise strain measurement under high temperature of up to 800°C. It can also offer some other outstanding advantages, such as fast and easy fabrication, high reproducibility, capacity of mass production, low cost, low temperature-strain cross-sensitivity, and high signal-to-noise ratio.
Sensitivity analysis and identifiability for differential equation models

Sensitivity analysis in the statistical identification of dynamic models uses the first partial derivatives of the process variables with respect to the parameters. Sensitivities have two main uses: as gradients in Newton type optimizers for least squares fitting; and as a component in the computation of the Fisher information matrix used for asymptotic testing and confidence regions. We give a brief review of one reliable method for calculating sensitivities. Then two types of identifiability based on the sensitivities are discussed. The first corresponds to non-singularity of the information matrix mentioned above, obtained by using observations at separate time points. The second, which draws on the Taylor series method and differential algebra methods, corresponds to local identifiability. This is when the process and as many of its time derivatives as necessary are observed. These two types of identifiability are shown to be equivalent.
Determining the orientation of the observed object in threedimensional space using stereo vision methods

The task of matching image of an object with its template is central for many optoelectronic systems. Solution of the matching problem in three-dimensional space in contrast to the structural alignment in the image plane allows using a larger amount of information about the object for determining its orientation, which may increase the probability of correct matching. In the case of stereo vision methods for constructing a three-dimensional image of the object, it becomes possible to achieve invariance w.r. t. background and distance to the observed object. Only three of the orientation angle of the object relative to the camera are uncertain and require measurements. This paper proposes a method for determining the orientation angles of the observed object in three-dimensional space, which is based on the processing of stereo image sequences. Disparity map segmentation method that allows one to ensure the invariance of the background is presented. Quantitative estimates of the effectiveness of the proposed method are presented and discussed.
Multivariate Simultaneous Generalized ARCH

This paper presents theoretical results on the formulation and estimation of multivariate generalized ARCH models within simultaneous equations systems. A new parameterization of the multivariate ARCH process is proposed, and equivalence relations are discussed for the various ARCH parameterizations. Constraints sufficient to guarantee the positive definiteness of the conditional covariance matrices are developed, and necessary and sufficient conditions for covariance stationarity are presented. Identification and maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters in the simultaneous equations context are also covered.
IMPROVING THE COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN STEADY STATE AND QUASI DYNAMIC TESTING FOR NEW COLLECTOR DESIGNS

The European standard for solar collector testing, EN 12975-2 (CEN 2006) offers two different methods for characterizing the thermal performance of solar thermal collectors: The steady state (SS) method and the quasi dynamic method (QDT). When the QDT method first was introduced in the standard, a “steady state reference case” was defined. This way QDT parameters could be converted into a power curve that corresponded well to one delivered by applying the steady state method. However, as concentrating technologies and vacuum tube collectors are gaining market shares, it has become apparent that the steady state test method is not able to fully characterize the performance of these products. This paper presents an approach to overcome this problem temporarily, by calculating essential “missing” QDT parameters from steady state model parameters. In a longer perspective, the steady state test method should be replaced by the QDT method in order to give accurate results in system simulations and in predictions of annual collector gains, at least when testing collectors of the types mentioned here. With an example of an evacuated tube collector (ETC), it is shown how the method improves the accuracy of predicted energy yield based on steady state testing by 5-15 % depending on which weather conditions that occurred during the steady state test.
MFS-based Solution To Two-dimensional LinearThermoelasticity Problems

We propose the numerical approximation of the boundary and internal thermoelastic fields in the case of two-dimensional isotropic linear thermoelastic solids by combining the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) with the method of particular solutions (MPS). A particular solution of the non-homogeneous equations of equilibrium associated with a two-dimensional isotropic linear thermoelastic material is derived based on the MFS approximation of the boundary value problem for the heat conduction equation.
Homogeneous Linear Predictor Models for Contingency Tables

Maximum likelihood (ML) inference for the class of homogeneous linear predictor (HLP) models for contingency tables is described. HLP models constrain the expected table counts m through L(m) = Xβ, where the link L is allowed to be a many-to-one, nonlinear function. Generalized log-linear, association trend, marginal cumulative probit, and conditional marginal homogeneity models are given as specific examples. ML fit results, which include point estimates, goodness-of-fit statistics, and asymptotic-based approximate distributions, are described and compared for equivalent HLP models. The results are valid for a wide variety of sampling plans including combinations of product multinomial and Poisson sampling. An important practical implication of this article is that the implementation of ML fitting and theory is straightforward, and an attractive alternative to weighted least squares estimation, for HLP models.
The Endoxon Mystique: What Endoxa Are And What They Are Not

I this article I hope to demystify the authority of the endoxa in Aristotle. This is not to deny that there is any basis for that authority. But just as Betty Friedan’s ground-breaking work in the s, The Feminine Mystique, did not intend to deny the existence of the feminine but was concerned with debunking the ideology that had accrued to it, so the concern of this essay is only to deflate the importance attributed to the so-called endoxic method in Aristotle. This method nowadays is often hailed as the method in many introductions to his work, and most of all in those to his ethics. A fair witness of that view is RichardKraut’s  article ‘How to Justify Ethical Propositions: Aristotle’s Method’.  Kraut calls the endoxic method as presented in NE . – ‘the proposed method for testing the truth of ethical propositions’ and treats it as if it were Aristotle’s ubiquitously employed approach. In opposition to this by now widely accepted view, the present essay aims to show that and why the procedure in NE , properly understood, represents an exception rather than the rule. A closer look at Kraut’s account provides an adequate startingpoint: ‘In effect, then, his idea is that the first thing we must do, when we investigate a subject, is to pay careful attention to what seems to be the case to either everyone, or to most people, or to a special and smaller group—those who have studied the subject’ (). And Kraut supports this claim with Aristotle’s recommen-
A sharp combinatorial version of Vaaler's theorem

In 1979 Vaaler proved that every d‐dimensional central section of the cube [−1, 1]n has volume at least 2d. We prove the following sharp combinatorial analogue. Let K be a d‐dimensional subspace of ℝn. Then, there exists a probability measure P on the section [−1, 1]n ∩ K such that the quadratic form ∫[−1,1]n ∩ Kυ ⊗ υ dP(υ) dominates the identity on K (in the sense that the difference is positive semi‐definite).
Handbook of Statistical Distributions with Applications

much historical scholarship was of a narrative form and that the recent availability of mapping techniques allows the development of a geographic or spatial aspect to the discipline. The book comprises an introductory paper followed by nine essays which are presented either as a pure casestudy or as a methodological perspective on the topic. The five case-studies are concerned with mapping of ancient China, the extent and severity of the 1930 dust bowl in the American mid-West, mapping settlement and land use patterns in 17thcentury Massachusetts, routes and measurement systems in ancient Rome and a study of the terrain surrounding Gettysburg at the time of the American Civil War battle. This list shows that historical GISs can be applied to a wide range of geographical scales, from empires to the hills surrounding a small town. Inevitably the case-studies are of a specialized nature. The remaining methodological essays, however, have the potential to be more widely appreciated. The first methodological essay is on the philosophy of teaching history by using a GIS from a non-technical, liberal arts, perspective. This essay uses a range of case-studies to illustrate how to initiate analysis and to develop problem solving skills, how to engage students, where to locate data and how to form and test hypotheses. The second essay is a technical introduction to the principles of GISs showing how to integrate data from different spatial geographies (areal weighting) and how to assess spatial correlation empirically. This essay also includes an introduction to geographically weighted regression. The third essay shows how spatial and temporal information can be used to reveal patterns in historical data that are hidden from a one-dimensional perspective. An early example of such a presentation is Minard’s famous map showing Napoleon’s 1812–1813 attempt to capture Moscow, revealing correlations between temporal data (e.g. time of year) and spatial data (e.g. location and size of army). The final methodological essay reflects on what impact historical GISs may have on the whole of historical studies. The book also includes a compact disc containing four well-produced PowerPoint presentations accompanying the book’s case-studies. These might be a valuable teaching resource but it would have been better if this additional material were linked to the more general methodological essays of the book. The disc also contains a Java application (ArcExplorer) and some maps and data from the book that provide an opportunity for an interactive experience with the material. Fully accepting that this book is written for historians I do not think that this is the best material for someone who is interested in the mapping and statistical interpretation of spatial data (Ripley (2004) is a good book in this respect). The middle two methodological essays on the principles of GISs and on integrating spatial and temporal information would be of interest to the general statistician but are ultimately unfulfilling.
Arising of the “entangled photon” in the one-dimensional high-finesse nanocavity

Nonperturbative theoretical analysis of the temporal evolution of a spontaneous photon with atomic frequency o a , emitted by a motionless two-level atom in a one-dimensional high-finesse nanocavity into a single resonance decaying mode, is presented. The explicit solution of the Schrodinger equation was found in an interaction picture with use of the Green functions technique. It has been assumed that emission leaks out of the empty cavity by exponential law at rate G, which is a function of coupling constant g , distance between the mirrors, penetrability coefficient of the left mirror, and the velocity of light. The stationary superpositional co-phased structure of two photons with the same profiles and average frequencies 1/2(o a ± g ), quenched with continuum of final photonics states, has been revealed. The profile of this structure has been found to have the form G t exp(-G t /4) with maximum attained for G/4 g = 0.05 and average photon cavity lifetime equal to 4lnG/G.
Self-tracking planar concentrator using a solar actuated phase-change mechanism

In this paper we discuss optical considerations and present design simulation results for a self-tracking (passive) solar concentrator. The self-tracking mechanism uses a reversible in-plane paraffin thermal actuator to couple shortwavelength light into a lightguide at the position of the solar focus. By splitting the solar spectrum using a longpass dichroic faceted reflector for actuation energy, this device adaptively self-tracks and concentrates solar light into a planar waveguide.
Integral equation‐based overlapped domain decomposition method for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering of 3D conducting objects

An integral equation‐based overlapped domain decomposition method (IE‐ODDM) is presented for the analysis of three‐dimensional (3D) electromagnetic scattering problems. Compared with the forward and backward buffer region iterative method proposed by Brennan et al., the convergence of the IE‐ODDM is faster due to the edge‐effect of the current in each subdomain being effectively depressed. Moreover, the iterative sequence among the subdomains of IE‐ODDM is more flexible, which means that asynchronous iteration and even parallel computing are doable. Simulated RCS results of several convex and concave 3D conducting objects verify the speedup and validity of this method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 265–274, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22110
STAR-POLYMER -- COLLOID MIXTURES

Recent results in theory and simulation of star-polymer–colloid mixtures are reviewed. We present the effective interaction between hard, colloidal particles and star polymers in a good solvent derived by monomer-resolved Molecular Dynamics simulations and theoretical arguments. The relevant parameters are the size ratio q between the stars and the colloids, as well as the number of polymeric arms f (functionality) attached to the common center of the star. By covering a wide range of q ’s ranging from zero (star against a flat wall) up to about 0.5, we establish analytical forms for the star-colloid interaction which are in excellent agreement with simulation results. By employing this cross interaction and the effective interactions between stars and colloids themselves, a demixing transition in the fluid phase is observed and systematically investigated for different arm numbers and size ratios. The demixing binodals are compared with experimental observations and found to be consistent. Furthermore, we map the full two-component system on an effective one-component description for the colloids, by inverting the two-component Ornstein-Zernike equations. Some recent results for the depletion interaction and freezing transitions are shown.
New mode of IR detection using quantum wells

A new mode of IR detection using photoemission from a single quantum well is proposed and optimization of the device performance by the proper choice of parameters is discussed. Despite the very thin device structures, theoretical calculations show large absorption at wavelengths near cutoff. The largest photoemissive response is found by adjusting the well parameters so that an excited virtual state lies just above threshold.
Liquidity Transformation Risks and Stabilization Tools: Evidence from Open-end Private Equity Real Estate Funds

Open-end funds provide a liquidity transformation service by issuing and redeeming shares that are more liquid than their assets. However, because these assets are illiquid, managers need time to transfer capital to the underlying market. Liquidity buffers and liquidity restrictions enable this. Additionally, because of this illiquidity, their returns are predictable and susceptible to NAV-timing strategies which transfer wealth. I show NAV-timing strategies appear profitable on paper and investors appear to follow these strategies. I also show liquidity restrictions protect against these NAV-timing risks while liquidity buffers do not. In fact, liquidity buffers amplify them when added to liquidity restrictions. JEL Classification: G11, G12, G13, G14, G17, G23, R33
New virial theorems for spherically symmetric systems

Il est montre que les theoremes, analogues au theoreme du viriel classique, pour les moments de vitesse projetee du deuxieme ordre dans un systeme a symetrie spherique existent pour tout les moments d'ordre plus eleve. A l'ordre 2n, il y a n theoremes de ce type qui relient les moments de vitesse projetee d'ordre 2n aux moments de vitesse spatiale d'ordre 2(n−1) et au potentiel.
A finite frequency approach to filter design for uncertain discrete‐time systems

This paper studies the problem of finite frequency filter design for linear time‐invariant discrete‐time systems with polytopic uncertainties. Generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma is exploited to formulate the filter design problem in finite frequency domain. A design method is presented in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis And Design Of The Wind-Shield For The Eso Very Large Telescope

The ESO Very Large Telescope consists of an array of four telescopes operated in the free atmosphere. The telescopes are protected against strong winds by a semi-permeable windshield oriented normal to the prevailing winds. The paper describes the studies performed for the concept of the wind-shield, and in particular mathematical simulations with a two-dimensional finite-element model for fluid flow were undertaken. This model incorporates the complete Navier-Stokes equations along with thermal stratification of the atmosphere; a turbulence parametric scheme has been adapted to close the equations. The model enables detailed studies to be carried out on the influence of wind-shield efficiency for telescope operation when a certain number of parameters are modified (for example porosity of wind-shield, height of platform above the ground, etc.). It appears that telescope operation is only partially sensitive to changes in structural parameters; the study, however, has underlined several problems which were unexpected. In particular, strong vertical velocities directed upwards at the upper part of the telescope, as well as rapid flow beneath the platform itself, may lead to certain constraints on maximum telescope operation. Two design concepts for the windshield are described, which are presently envisaged : a fixed structure with louvers, and a completely removable structure. The structure will be some 24 m high, stretching the width of the platform (approximately 160 m).
Rainfall Results of the Florida Area Cumulus Experiment, 1970–76

Abstract The Florida Area Cumulus Experiment of 1970–76 (FACE-1) is a single-area, randomized, exploratory experiment to determine whether seeding cumuli for dynamic effects (dynamic seeding) can be used to augment convective rainfall over a substantial target area (1.3 × 104 km2) in south Florida. Rainfall is estimated using S-band radar observations after adjustment by raingages. The two primary response variables are rain volumes in the total target (TT) and in the floating target (FT), the most intensely treated portion of the target. The experimental unit is the day and the main observational period is the 6 h after initiation of treatment (silver iodide flares on seed days and either no flares or placebos on control days). Analyses without predictors suggest apparent increases in both the location (means and medians) and the dispersion (standard deviation and interquartile range) characteristics of rainfall due to seeding in the FT and TT variables with substantial statistical support for the FT res.
Neighboring optimal terminal control with discontinuous forcing functions.

The paper deals with an extension of the optimal guidance methods of Kelley and Breakwell to systems containing a bang-bang control component. The method consists of a rescaling of the time variable, which allows for small changes in the switching times, to compensate for the presence of initial errors and disturbing forces. Two example problems are analyzed which indicate that the linear or first-order approximation to the optimal guidance law is in good agreement with the exact law, provided that the disturbances and initial errors are small and the guidance logic is computed at a time slightly removed from the switching time. It is shown that a feedback mechanization is possible on time intervals that do not contain switches. In the vicinity of a switching time, however, a control scheme using the optimal guidance methods must operate on an open-loop basis.
FLASH: An Adaptive Mesh Hydrodynamics Code for Modeling Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes

We report on the completion of the first version of a new-generation simulation code, FLASH. The FLASH code solves the fully compressible, reactive hydrodynamic equations and allows for the use of adaptive mesh refinement. It also contains state-of-the-art modules for the equations of state and thermonuclear reaction networks. The FLASH code was developed to study the problems of nuclear flashes on the surfaces of neutron stars and white dwarfs, as well as in the interior of white dwarfs. We expect, however, that the FLASH code will be useful for solving a wide variety of other problems. This first version of the code has been subjected to a large variety of test cases and is currently being used for production simulations of X-ray bursts, Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities, and thermonuclear flame fronts. The FLASH code is portable and already runs on a wide variety of massively parallel machines, including some of the largest machines now extant.
Robust nonlinear stability and performance analysis of an F/A‐18 aircraft model using sum of squares programming

In this paper, we develop algorithms for the computational analysis of stability and robust performance properties of nonlinear models governed by polynomial differential equations in quasi‐Linear Parameter Varying form subject to parametric uncertainty. The methods presented use the sum of squares decomposition and ideas from real algebraic geometry to represent polynomial non‐negativity over closed sets to compute various system properties such as L2 gain, regions of attraction, reachable sets and nonlinear Hankel norm approximations. The methods we present are then illustrated on a nonlinear model of an F/A‐18 aircraft short‐period dynamics subject to uncertainty in the aerodynamic coefficients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.