Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Talking at Cross-Purposes

Misunderstandings have been examined extensively in studies on cross-cultural (mis)communication which associate them with participants’ differing cultural backgrounds and/or linguistic knowledge. Drawing on a large corpus of misunderstandings from cross- and intra-cultural encounters, this book argues that miscommunication does not relate exclusively to participants’ background differences or similarities, but that its creation and development are tightly interwoven with the dynamic manner in which social encounters unfold. Against a backdrop of Pragmatics, Conversation Analysis and Goffman’s theory of frames and roles, the volume discusses a large number of misunderstandings and shows that they are associated with the constant identity and activity shifts as well as with the turn-by-turn construction of interpretative context in interaction. Besides students and researchers of pragmatics, conversation analysis and sociolinguistics, this book will also appeal to all those interested in the process of making, misinterpreting and clarifying meaning in social interaction.
Adaptive Real-Time Video Streaming System for Best-Effort IP Networks

This paper presents an Adaptive Real-Time Video Streaming (AVS) system that delivers real-time video stream from a network camera to multiple video receivers. The system provides an application layer rate-adaptation mechanism that adapts video quality and bit rate according to the network congestion conditions and the available bandwidth. The goal of the system is to improve the smoothness of the video playback at the receivers under varying network conditions. This is performed by concluding the highest possible video bit rate that can be used without facing bandwidth limitation problems. The system was tested and evaluated in private Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN) in which packet loss and limitation on bandwidth was generated by utilizing a network impairment emulation tool. Based on the performed tests, the system behavior was predictable. The research is based on the constructive method of the related publications and technologies and the results are derived by the implemented AVS system.
The Impact of Video Modelling on Improving Social Skills in Children with Autism.

Children with autism often show a lack of the interactive social skills that would allow them to engage with others successfully. They therefore frequently need training to aid them in successful social interaction. Video modelling is a widely used instructional technique that has been applied to teach children with developmental disabilities such as autism, and has been shown to be effective in teaching a variety of skills. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of video modelling on social skills development in children with autism living in the United Arab Emirates. The research was carried out by Mohammed Alzyoudi, AbedAlziz Sartawi and Osha Almuhiri, all from the United Arab Emirates University. A sample of five boys with autism was chosen to participate in this study. The boys ranged in age between five and seven years. Each child was asked to watch a videotape which presented two individuals interacting in a role-play setting. One person portrayed a therapist giving cues, while the second portrayed a child acting appropriately and demonstrating correct social behaviours. The boys were then asked to complete a social task and their performance was compared against baseline assessment measures. The results of this study indicate that this is an effective instruction method. Results are discussed and implications for further research and practice are provided.
Measuring the Impact of Technical Progress on the Demand for Intermediate Goods: A Survey

MAN HAS always contemplated the nature of his relation to the material world that surrounds him. Animistic and polytheistic religions could be viewed as attempts to attribute a latent divine will to the perceived vagaries of nature; many rituals were initiated to propitiate the supernatural and to make nature more bountiful. As theological speculation led to the despiritualization of the universe and to the spread of monotheism, man claimed for himself a central role in the divine scheme. Molded in the image of God, he claimed to reside in the center of a universe created only for his benefit. The developments of physical and biological sciences in the post-Copernican period, while destroying the anthropocentric view, gave man unparalleled control over himself and his material surroundings. As the first specie to inhabit the entire planet, he began to realize the limitations of natural resources at his disposal; it created what Gordon R. Taylor called a "crisis of responsibility" (1970, p. 294). The Malthusian view that growth of population would ultimately exceed our capacity to produce food was only an extreme version of pessimism shared by many classical economists. Both Marxian and nonMarxian optimists, on the contrary, argued that the development of scientific knowledge would permit circumvention of the limitations imposed by nature. During the second half of the nineteenth century and through the first half of the twentieth century, the western world was able to escape the Malthusian
Genetic Connectivity among Populations of an Endangered Snake Species from Southeastern Australia (Hoplocephalus bungaroides, Elapidae)

For endangered species that persist as apparently isolated populations within a previously more extensive range, the degree of genetic exchange between those populations is critical to conservation and management. A lack of gene flow can exacerbate impacts of threatening processes and delay or prevent colonization of sites after local extirpation. The broad-headed snake, Hoplocephalus bungaroides, is a small venomous species restricted to a handful of disjunct reserves near Sydney, Australia. Mark-recapture studies have indicated low vagility for this ambush predator, suggesting that gene flow also may be low. However, our analyses of 11 microsatellite loci from 163 snakes collected in Morton National Park, from six sites within a 10-km diameter, suggest relatively high rates of gene flow among sites. Most populations exchange genes with each other, with one large population serving as a source area and smaller populations apparently acting as sinks. About half of the juvenile snakes, for which we could reliably infer parentage, were collected from populations other than those in which we collected their putative parents. As expected from the snakes’ reliance on rocky outcrops during cooler months of the year, most gene flow appears to be along sandstone plateaux rather than across the densely forested valleys that separate plateaux. The unexpectedly high rates of gene flow on a landscape scale are encouraging for future conservation of this endangered taxon. For example, wildlife managers could conserve broad-headed snakes by restoring habitats near extant source populations in areas predicted to be least affected by future climate change.
Intracellular Phosphorylation of Carbocyclic 3-Deazaadenosine, an Anti-Ebola Virus Agent

Carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (C-c3Ado) is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus in mice by infrequent dosing, even though its half life in plasma is only 23–28 min. This prompted studies to determine whether C-c3Ado undergoes intracellular metabolism to derivatives that may promote in vivo activity. In cells, radiolabelled compound readily underwent metabolism to monophosphate, diphosphate and triphosphate (C-c3ATP) forms, with C-c3ATP being the major metabolite detected. A non-polar metabolite was also detected both inside and outside treated cells. The retention time of C-c3ATP was similar but not identical to ATP on a strong anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column or on a DEAE-Sephadex open column. C-c3ATP and ATP were susceptible to degradation to their respective nucleosides by bovine alkaline phosphatase. Intracellular formation of C-c3ATP reached a plateau by about 4 h after treatment of monkey (vero 76) and mouse (Balb/3T3 clone A31) cells with 10 or 100 μM extracellular compound. Phosphorylation was linearly dose responsive at 1, 3 and 10 μM. However, the extent of phosphorylation decreased with increasingly higher concentrations (30, 100 and 300 μM). When compound was removed from the medium, the nucleoside cleared the cells within 1 min, whereas C-c3ATP had a half life of decay of 2–3 h in five cell lines. Phosphorylation of C-c3Ado to C-c3ATP was not inhibited by cotreatment of cells (at a 20:1 ratio) with adenosine, guanosine, inosine, xanthosine, cytidine or uridine. There was no evidence of incorporation of C-c3Ado (10 μM) into macromolecules of cells over 72 h, whereas adenosine was readily incorporated. C-c3ATP may represent a form of C-c3Ado that might contribute to extending its intracellular half life or otherwise exhibit antiviral activity and/or toxicity.
Propionate Oxidation by and Methanol Inhibition of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial pathway and a cost-effective way to remove ammonium from wastewater. Anammox bacteria have been described as obligate chemolithoautotrophs. However, many chemolithoautotrophs (i.e., nitrifiers) can use organic compounds as a supplementary carbon source. In this study, the effect of organic compounds on anammox bacteria was investigated. It was shown that alcohols inhibited anammox bacteria, while organic acids were converted by them. Methanol was the most potent inhibitor, leading to complete and irreversible loss of activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Of the organic acids acetate and propionate, propionate was consumed at a higher rate (0.8 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1) by Percoll-purified anammox cells. Glucose, formate, and alanine had no effect on the anammox process. It was shown that propionate was oxidized mainly to CO2, with nitrate and/or nitrite as the electron acceptor. The anammox bacteria carried out propionate oxidation simultaneously with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In an anammox enrichment culture fed with propionate for 150 days, the relative amounts of anammox cells and denitrifiers did not change significantly over time, indicating that anammox bacteria could compete successfully with heterotrophic denitrifiers for propionate. In conclusion, this study shows that anammox bacteria have a more versatile metabolism than previously assumed.
Energy efficient scheduling with power control for wireless networks

Scheduling of transmissions is one of the most fundamental problems in the context of wireless networks. In this article, we consider the problem of computing power efficient schedules with high throughput. We answer the open question concerning the complexity of scheduling with power control in the SINRG model of interference. Based on a novel scheme for dynamic computation of optimum transmission powers in feasible schedules, we introduce a new and efficient heuristic for finding good schedules along the tradeoff between throughput and energy efficiency in the physical SINR model. Since our algorithms do not rely on simplistic assumptions about path loss, they are suited for realistic scenarios with attenuation and shadowing effects. We compare our approach to a broad selection of state-of-the-art approaches in indoor and outdoor scenarios. In all situations, our approach outperforms the existing approaches with respect to schedule length and power consumption, i.e., yields paretosuperior schedules including schedules that significantly improve the throughput.
Mission (Largely) Accomplished: What's Next for Consumer BDT-JDM Researchers?

A main objective of Behavioral Decision Theory (BDT) research--demonstrating that economic theory often fails as a description of decision making as well as gaining insights into systematic influences on judgment and choice--has been largely accomplished. This research program, published in psychology, decision making, marketing, and other fields, has had unique characteristics that combined criteria employed in economics and psychology. Now that the prominent portion of the BDT agenda has been largely completed, it is time to consider whether the BDT and greater judgment and decision making (JDM) community in marketing will pursue a new direction or just follow the topics of the day (e.g., current topics in social psychology, public policy applications of previous JDM findings). I propose a broad research area--the interaction between the evolving information environment and consumer JDM--that raises a wide range of important questions and may fit the skills and interests of BDT researchers. In addition to raising new JDM concepts and problems, the proposed area can lead to major revisions of long established frameworks of consumer behavior and marketing. It is far from obvious, however, that BDT researchers/marketing professors, who are accustomed to studying general purpose JDM topics and are aligned with the broader JDM and social psychology community, will be receptive to a consumer-centric research program.
A Can Provoke G 1 Exit That Is Refractory to p 21 and Independent of Activating Cdk 2

E1A can evoke G1 exit in cardiac myocytes and other cell types by displacing E2F transcription factors from tumor suppressor “pocket” proteins and by a less well-characterized p300-dependent pathway. Bypassing pocket proteins (through overexpression of E2F-1) reproduces the effect of inactivating pocket proteins (through E1A binding); however, pocket proteins associate with a number of molecular targets apart from E2F. Hence, pocket protein binding by E1A might engage mechanisms for cell cycle reentry beyond those induced by E2F-1. To test this hypothesis, we used adenoviral gene transfer to express various E2F-1 and E1A proteins in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes that are already refractory to mitogenic serum, in the absence or presence of several complementary cell cycle inhibitors—p16, p21, or dominant-negative cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (Cdk2). Rb binding by E2F-1 was neither necessary nor sufficient for G1 exit, whereas DNA binding was required; thus, exogenous E2F-1 did not merely function by competing for the Rb “pocket. ” E2F-1–induced G1 exit was blocked by the “universal” Cdk inhibitor p21 but not by p16, a specific inhibitor of Cdk4/6; p21 was permissive for E2F-1 induction of cyclins E and A, but prevented their stimulation of Cdk2 kinase activity. In addition, E2F-1–induced G1 exit was blocked by dominant-negative Cdk2. Forced expression of cyclin E induced endogenous Cdk2 activity but not G1 exit. Thus, E2F-1–induced Cdk2 function was necessary, although not sufficient, to trigger DNA synthesis in cardiac muscle cells. In contrast, pocket protein–binding forms of E1A induced G1 exit that was resistant to inhibition by p21, whereas G1 exit via the E1A p300 pathway was sensitive to inhibition by p21. Both E1A pathways—via pocket proteins and via p300—upregulated cyclins E and A and Cdk2 activity, consistent with a role for Cdk2 in G1 exit induced by E1A. However, p21 blocked Cdk2 kinase activity induced by both E1A pathways equally. Thus, E1A can cause G1 exit without an increase in Cdk2 activity, if the pocket protein–binding domain is intact. E1A also overrides p21 in U2OS cells, provided the pocket protein–binding domain is intact; thus, this novel function of E1A is not exclusive to cardiac muscle cells. In summary, E1A binding to pocket proteins has effects beyond those produced by E2F-1 alone and can drive S-phase entry that is resistant to p21 and independent of an increase in Cdk2 function. This suggests the potential involvement of other endogenous Rb-binding proteins or of alternative E1A targets. (Circ Res. 1999;85:319-328.)
A Comparison of Chinese and English-Speaking Children on a Series of Theory of Mind-Related Tasks.

Theory of mind research focuses on children's understanding of other people's minds, their desires, intentions, and beliefs. Currently, there is much debate as to what is the substrate for children's theory of mind development; socio-cognitive skills, linguistic development, a simulation of one's own mental states, and the maturation of innate brain structures have all been proposed as possibilities. Few studies have looked at the influences of language and culture on the development of theory of mind. This study compared the performance of 3and 4-year-old Mandarin-Chinese speakers to that of 3and 4-year-old English speakers on four theory of mind-related tasks: (1) appearance-reality; (2) Level 2 perspective-taking; (3) an unexpected contents false belief task; and (4) an unexpected transfer false belief task. No significant differences were found between the performance of the Chinese and American children. (Author/KB) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 00 rn Development Poster presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child
Neuroethological Studies Of Cognitive And Perceptual Processes

* Introduction: Neuroethology, Perception, and Cognition Sara J. Shettleworth. Specializations In Learning * Specializations in Honey Bee Learning James L. Gould. * Detecting Associations in Pavlovian Conditioning and Instrumental Learning in Invertebrates and in Vertebrates Ruth M. Colwill. * Neuroethological Studies on How Birds Discriminate Song Jeffrey Cynx. * Ecological Specialization in the Avian Brain Susan D. Healy. Specializations For Perception Of Biologically Relevant Stimuli * The Perceptual Foundations of Adult Vocal Learning in Budgerigars Robert J. Dooling, Susan D. Brown, Kazuchika Manabe, and Elizabeth F. Powell. * How Birds Use Frequency to Recognize Their Songs Daniel M. Weary. * Development of Perceptual Mechanisms in Birds: Predispositions and Imprinting Johan J. Bolhuis. * Neural Codes for Pitch Processing in a Unique Vertebrate Auditory System Andrea M. Simmons and Rebecca C. Buxbaum. * Recognition of Visual Signals: Eyes Specialize Russell D. Fernald. Specializations For Spatial Perception And Orientation * Perception Along the Axis of Target Range in the Echolocating Bat Cynthia F. Moss and James A. Simmons. * Converging Approaches to Determining Sound Localization Mechanisms in the Big Brown Bat, Eptesicus fuscus Tim Haresign, Janine M. Wotton, Michael Ferragamo, and J. A. Simmons. * Sound Localization from Binaural Cues by the Barn Owl Auditory System Andrew Moiseff, T. Haresign, and Jianxin Wang.
Effects of recombinant erythropoietin on breast cancer-initiating cells.

BACKGROUND Cancer anemia causes fatigue and correlates with poor treatment outcome. Erythropoietin has been introduced in an attempt to correct these defects. However, five recent clinical trials reported a negative impact of erythropoietin on survival and/or tumor control, indicating that experimental evaluation of a possible direct effect of erythropoietin on cancer cells is required. Cancer recurrence is thought to rely on the proliferation of cancer initiating cells (CICs). In breast cancer, CICs can be identified by phenotypic markers and their fate is controlled by the Notch pathway. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of erythropoietin on CICs in breast cancer cell lines. Levels of erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), CD24, CD44, Jagged-1 expression, and activation of Notch-1 were assessed by flow cytometry. Self-renewing capacity of CICs was investigated in sphere formation assays. RESULTS EpoR expression was found on the surface of CICs. Recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) increased the numbers of CICs and self-renewing capacity in a Notch-dependent fashion by induction of Jagged-1. Inhibitors of the Notch pathway and PI3-kinase blocked both effects. CONCLUSIONS Erythropoietin functionally affects CICs directly. Our observation may explain the negative impact of recombinant Epo on local control and survival of cancer patients with EpoR-positive tumors.
Turbulence induces metabolically costly behaviors and inhibits food capture in oyster larvae, causing net energy loss

ABSTRACT Planktotrophic invertebrate larvae require energy to develop, disperse and settle successfully, and it is unknown how their energetics are impacted by turbulence. Ciliated larvae gain metabolic energy from their phytoplankton food to offset the energetic costs of growth, development and ciliary activity for swimming and feeding. Turbulence may affect the energetic balance by inducing behaviors that alter the metabolic costs and efficiency of swimming, by raising the encounter rate with food particles and by inhibiting food capture. We used experiments and an empirical model to quantify the net rate of energy gain, swimming efficiency and food capture efficiency for eyed oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica) in turbulence. At dissipation rates representative of coastal waters, larvae lost energy even when food concentrations were very high. Both feeding activity and turbulence-induced behaviors incurred high metabolic costs. Swimming efficiency was concave up versus dissipation rate, suggesting that ciliary activity for food handling became more costly while swimming became more efficient with turbulence intensity. Though counter-intuitive, swimming may have become more efficient in turbulence because vorticity-induced rotation caused larvae to swim more horizontally, which requires less effort than swimming vertically against the pull of gravity. Overall, however, larvae failed to offset high activity costs with food energy gains because turbulence reduced food capture efficiency more than it enhanced food encounter rates. Younger, smaller larvae may have some energetic advantages, but competent larvae would lose energy at turbulence intensities they experience frequently, suggesting that turbulence-induced starvation may account for much of oysters' high larval mortality. Editors' Choice: Late-stage oyster larvae are unable to gain energy in strong turbulence, even at very high food concentrations, because turbulence induces metabolically costly behaviors while inhibiting food capture.
Articles "social Preference'" a N D Game Theory: a C O M M E N T on "the D I L E M M a of a Paretian Liberal"

In "The Dilemma of a Paretian Liberal," John Aldrich argues persuasively that Amartya Sen's theorem concerning "The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal" (1970) has wide-ranging consequences and is intimately connected with a number of well-known theoretical anomolies. In the main, Aldrich's arguments strike me as quite reasonable, and certainly they are of considerable interest. However, it does appear to me that his article contains several ambiguities, and I want here to address what seems to me to be the most basic one. Sen's theorem (like Arrow's) is cast in the framework of abstract social choice theory that Aldrich sketches out on p. 1. Such theory is concerned with formal relationships between n-tuples of individual preference orderings and a "social preference relationship"; it is not directly concerned with the mechanisms, institutions, or processes that generate such "social preferences. " But Aldrich's examples of applications of Sen's theorem do involve such processes and, accordingly and appropriately, are (or can be) cast in the framework of game theory. Such theory does specify a process for generating "social choice" by assigning strategic