Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toom-Cook Multiplication: Some Theoretical and Practical Aspects

Toom-Cook multiprecision multiplication is a well-known multiprecision multiplication method, which can make use of multiprocessor systems. In this paper the Toom-Cook complexity is derived, some explicit proofs of the Toom-Cook interpolation method are given, the even-odd method for interpolation is explained, and certain aspects of a 32-bit C++ and assembler implementation, which is in development, are discussed. A performance graph of this implementation is provided. The Toom-Cook method can also be used to multithread other types of multiplication, which is demonstrated for 32-bit GMP FFT multiplication.
Reference Data for Czech Collocation Extraction

We introduce three reference data sets provided for the MWE 2008 evaluation campaign focused on ranking MWE candidates. The data sets comprise bigrams extracted from the Prague Dependency Treebank and the Czech National Corpus. The extracted bigrams are annotated as collocational and non-collocational and provided with corpus frequency information.
WikiWrite: Generating Wikipedia Articles Automatically

The growth of Wikipedia, limited by the availability of knowledgeable authors, cannot keep pace with the ever increasing requirements and demands of the readers. In this work, we propose Wiki-Write, a system capable of generating content for new Wikipedia articles automatically. First, our technique obtains feature representations of entities on Wikipedia. We adapt an existing work on document embeddings to obtain vector representations of words and paragraphs. Using the representations, we identify articles that are very similar to the new entity on Wikipedia. We train machine learning classifiers using content from the similar articles to assign web retrieved content on the new entity into relevant sections in the Wikipedia article. Second, we propose a novel abstractive summarization technique that uses a two-step integer-linear programming (ILP) model to synthesize the assigned content in each section and rewrite the content to produce a well-formed informative summary. Our experiments show that our technique is able to reconstruct existing articles in Wikipedia with high accuracies. We also create several articles using our approach in the English Wikipedia, most of which have been retained in the online encyclopedia.
Modeling Early Vocal Development Through Infant–Caregiver Interaction: A Review

The developmental origin of language communication seems to involve vocal interactions between an infant and a caregiver, and one of the big mysteries related to this is how an infant learns to vocalize the caregiver's native language. Many theories attempt to explain this ability of infant as imitation based on acoustic matching. However, the acoustic qualities of speech produced by the infant and caregiver are quite different and therefore cannot be fully explained by imitation. Instead, the interaction itself may have an important role to play, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, we review studies addressing this topic based on explicit interaction mechanisms using computer simulations and/or real vocal robots. The relationships between these approaches are analyzed after a brief review of the early development of an infant's speech perception and articulation based on observational studies in developmental psychology and a few neuroscientific imaging studies. Finally, future issues related to real infant-caregiver vocal interaction are outlined.
Cosmic acceleration and crossing of w=-1 barrier from Cubic Superstring Field Theory

We show that the late time rolling of the Cubic Superstring Field Theory (CSSFT) non-local tachyon in the FRW Universe leads to a cosmic acceleration with a periodic crossing of the w = −1 barrier. An asymptotic solution for the tachyon and Hubble parameter by linearizing the non-local equations of motion is constructed explicitly. For a small Hubble parameter the period of oscillations is a number entirely defined by the parameters of the CSSFT action.
Successful aging through the eyes of Alaska Native elders. What it means to be an elder in Bristol Bay, AK.

PURPOSE Alaska Natives (ANs) view aging from a holistic perspective, which is not typical of the existing successful aging literature. One of the challenges of conducting research with cultural groups (e.g., ANs) is the lack of data, or research, on culture and aging and its impact on how we view successful aging. This research explores successful aging from an AN perspective or what it means to reach "Eldership" in rural Alaskan communities, which is an area of successful aging where there is very little research. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were gathered from 26 elders aged 61-93 years in 6 Bristol Bay communities in Southwest Alaska. An Explanatory Model approach was used and adapted to gain a sense of the beliefs about aging and establish an indigenous understanding of successful aging or what it means to attain "Eldership. " RESULTS Rather than establishing a definition of successful aging for AN Elders, this study highlights the four elements of "Eldership" or what AN Elders believe are important characteristics to becoming a respected elder. The four elements of "Eldership" are emotional well-being, community engagement, spirituality, and physical health, which are the characteristics of ANs who have reached "Eldership" and become a respected Elder in their community. IMPLICATIONS This research seeks to inform studies on indigenous aging that prioritizes the perspectives of elders to affect positively on the delivery of health care services in rural Alaska.
Consistency Study between Female Preferences for SUV Shape Design and Designer Comprehension of These Preferences for the Chinese Market

Proportion of female consumers in Chinese Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV) market is rapidly growing, and appearance is the most important factor that affects their purchasing decision. However, little study about their preferences has been conducted. If traits and demands of target female consumers were not clearly understood, inconsistencies and deviation between consumer preferences and proposed designs for them might exist. In this study, traits, demands and preferences for SUV shape designof630 Chinese female were studied, then they were clustered into five typical groups. Then, 10 professional designers were invited to match SUVs for five groups, after that, a correlation analysis was conducted between the preferred SUVs of the five groups and the matched SUVs for them. Analysis results of two groups were negative correlations, which proved the real existence of misunderstanding of designers about traits and demands of female consumers. Finally, for a reference, feasible design solutions were provided for these two groups through a conjoint analysis based on their preference scores. The methods and final results could be incorporated into the SUV design process and provide references for the automobile industry.
Random Walks and Voting Theory

Voters' preferences depend on available information. Following Case-Based Decision Theory, we assume that this information is processed additively. We prove that the collective preferences deduced from the individual ones through majority vote cannot be arbitrary, as soon as a winning quota is required. The proof is based on a new result on random walks.
Art Perception in the Museum: How We Spend Time and Space in Art Exhibitions

Aesthetics research aiming at understanding art experience is an emerging field; however, most research is conducted in labs without access to real artworks, without the social context of a museum and without the presence of other persons. The present article replicates and complements key findings of art perception in museum contexts. When observing museum visitors (N = 225; 126 female, M(age) = 43.3 years) while perceiving a series of six Gerhard Richter paintings of various sizes (0.26–3.20 sq. m) in a temporary art exhibition in January and February 2015 showing 28 paintings in total, we revealed patterns compatible to previous research. The mean time taken in viewing artworks was much longer than was mostly realized in lab contexts, here 32.9 s (Mdn = 25.4 s). We were also able to replicate visitors spending more time on viewing artworks when attending in groups of people. Additionally, we uncovered a close positive relationship (r2 = .929) between canvas size and viewing distance, ranging on average between 1.49 and 2.12 m (M = 1.72 m). We also found that more than half of the visitors returned to paintings, especially those people who had not previously paid too much attention at the initial viewing. After adding the times of returning viewers, each picture was viewed longer than had been estimated in previous research (M = 50.5 s, Mdn = 43.0 s). Results are discussed in the context of current art perception theories, focusing on the need for the ecologically valid testing of artworks in aesthetics research.
The Controlled-Worm System Designwork

In order to solve the controllability problem of worm attack range and effect in network counterwork and achieve the precise attack on the target host, we propose a propagation control method based on lifetime and a damage control method based on atomic attack. Based on these, we design a kind of CWS (controlled-worm system) and implement the prototype system in the LAN. Implementation results show that CWS can not only control the survival time but also carry out targeted attacks on controlled hosts. Comparing with traditional controlled worms, the worm controlled by the CWS can attack targeted hosts with a certain degree of covertness and pertinence.
A synchronous compression method based on compressed sensing for time-interleaved sampling

The time-interleaved sampling technique, which can reduce the requirement to the speed of ADCs by using parallel operation of multiple ADCs, has become a practical solution for high speed data acquisition. To further reduce the quantity of the acquired data for frequency-sparse signals, this paper presents a new data acquisition and compression method combining time-interleaved sampling technique with Compressed Sampling (CS) theory. We implement synchronous data compression using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device, in which the asynchronous data streams are first synchronized through multistage buffering method and then compressed by CS approach. An important strength of this method lies in that the entire design is synchronized by a common clock, which allows the circuit to work at a high rate. From the perspective of data stream, we obtain a compressed data steam at a sub-Nyquist rate which reduces the load of storage and transmission significantly. The simulation experiments verify that the original signal can be recovered exactly from the compressed data with overwhelming probability.
An Iterative Approach to Reconstruct Depth Map for Image Relighting and Matching

Image matching is a fundamental aspect of many applications of computer vision, including object/ scene recognition, stereo correspondence, and motion tracking. The commonly used tool for Image matching is SIFT & SURF. While these features are robust to any geometrical deformations, they are usually less able to tackle dramatic illumination changes. In this paper we will propose an efficient iterative approach to relight the illumination condition of one of the two images in an image pair. After relighting process, the pixel-based key-point feature becomes more effective in the matching process. We will examine our method on a dataset containing image pairs which exhibits a range of dramatic variations in illumination and we will show that the proposed relighting algorithm is robust and can improve matching performance.
Incremental Reduced Support Vector Machines

The reduced support vector machine (RSVM) has been proposed to avoid the computational difﬁculties in generating a nonlinear support vector machine classiﬁer for a massive dataset. RSVM selects a small random subset from the entire dataset with a user pre-speciﬁed size ¯ m to generate a reduced kernel (rectangular) matrix. This reduced kernel will replace the fully dense square kernel matrix used in the nonlinear support vector machine formulation to cut the problem size and computational time and will not scarify the prediction accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, Incremental Reduced Support Vector Machine (IRSVM). In contrast to purely random selection scheme used in RSVM, IRSVM begins with an extremely small reduced set and incrementally expands the reduced set according to an information criterion. This information-criterion based incremental selection can be achieved by solving a series of small least squares problems. In our approach, the size of reduced set will be determined automatically and dynamically but not pre-speciﬁed. The experimental tests on four publicly available datasets from the University of California (UC) Irvine repository show that IRSVM used a smaller reduced set than RSVM without scarifying classiﬁcation accuracy.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human TLR9 Gene1

To clarify the molecular basis of human TLR9 (hTLR9) gene expression, the activity of the hTLR9 gene promoter was characterized using the human myeloma cell line RPMI 8226. Reporter gene analysis and EMSA demonstrated that hTLR9 gene transcription was regulated via four cis-acting elements, cAMP response element, 5′-PU box, 3′-PU box, and a C/EBP site, that interacted with the CREB1, Ets2, Elf1, Elk1, and C/EBPα transcription factors. Other members of the C/EBP family, such as C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and C/EBPε, were also important for TLR9 gene transcription. CpG DNA-mediated suppression of TLR9 gene transcription led to decreased binding of the trans-acting factors to their corresponding cis-acting elements. It appeared that suppression was mediated via c-Jun and NF-κB p65 and that cooperation among CREB1, Ets2, Elf1, Elk1, and C/EBPα culminated in maximal transcription of the TLR9 gene. These findings will help to elucidate the mechanism of TLR9 gene regulation and to provide insight into the process by which TLR9 evolved in the mammalian immune system.
Murphy: An Environment for Advance Identification of Run-time Failures

Applications do not typically view the kernel as a source of bad input. However, the kernel can behave in unusual (yet permissible) ways for which applications are badly unprepared. We present Murphy, a language-agnostic tool that helps developers discover and isolate run-time failures in their programs by simulating difficult-to-reproduce but completely-legitimate interactions between the application and the kernel. Murphy makes it easy to enable or disable sets of kernel interactions, called gremlins, so developers can focus on the failure scenarios that are important to them. Gremlins are implemented using the ptrace interface, intercepting and potentially modifying an application’s system call invocation while requiring no invasive changes to the host machine. We show how to use Murphy in a variety of modes to find different classes of errors, present examples of the kernel interactions that are tested, and explain how to apply delta debugging techniques to isolate the code causing the failure. While our primary goal was the development of a tool to assist in new software development, we successfully demonstrate that Murphy also has the capability to find bugs in hardened, widely-deployed software.
Do Organisational-Technological Contingency Factors Influence the Perception of ERP Systems Success ? : An Exploratory Study in the Baltic-Nordic Region of Europe

Firms worldwide are adopting enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Yet, few studies exist investigating the influence of organisationaltechnological contingency variables on the success of ERP systems. This study uses existing IS and ERP success evaluation models to investigate the influence of some of such contextual variables in two contrasting, yet similar, countries in Northern Europe. Case studies involving seven similar firms were used in the exploratory study. Findings indicate that the levels of ERP success perceptions appear comparable even though organisationaltechnological contingency variables differ across board. This would tentatively suggest that such variables are not significant in determining the success of ERP within adopting organisations. The implications of the study are discussed.
Localization of Fas/CD95 into the Lipid Rafts on Down-Modulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway

Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is known to protect tumor cells from apoptosis and more specifically from the Fas-mediated apoptotic signal. The antitumoral agent edelfosine sensitizes leukemic cells to death by inducing the redistribution of the apoptotic receptor Fas into plasma membrane subdomains called lipid rafts. Herein, we show that inhibition of the PI3K signal by edelfosine triggers a Fas-mediated apoptotic signal independently of the Fas/FasL interaction. Furthermore, similarly to edelfosine, blockade of the PI3K activity, using specific inhibitors LY294002 and wortmannin, leads to the clustering of Fas whose supramolecular complex is colocalized within the lipid rafts. These findings indicate that the antitumoral agent edelfosine down-modulates the PI3K signal to sensitize tumor cells to death through the redistribution of Fas into large platform of membrane rafts. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):604–13)
Multivariate meta‐analysis of prognostic factor studies with multiple cut‐points and/or methods of measurement

A prognostic factor is any measure that is associated with the risk of future health outcomes in those with existing disease. Often, the prognostic ability of a factor is evaluated in multiple studies. However, meta‐analysis is difficult because primary studies often use different methods of measurement and/or different cut‐points to dichotomise continuous factors into ‘high’ and ‘low’ groups; selective reporting is also common. We illustrate how multivariate random effects meta‐analysis models can accommodate multiple prognostic effect estimates from the same study, relating to multiple cut‐points and/or methods of measurement. The models account for within‐study and between‐study correlations, which utilises more information and reduces the impact of unreported cut‐points and/or measurement methods in some studies. The applicability of the approach is improved with individual participant data and by assuming a functional relationship between prognostic effect and cut‐point to reduce the number of unknown parameters. The models provide important inferential results for each cut‐point and method of measurement, including the summary prognostic effect, the between‐study variance and a 95% prediction interval for the prognostic effect in new populations. Two applications are presented. The first reveals that, in a multivariate meta‐analysis using published results, the Apgar score is prognostic of neonatal mortality but effect sizes are smaller at most cut‐points than previously thought. In the second, a multivariate meta‐analysis of two methods of measurement provides weak evidence that microvessel density is prognostic of mortality in lung cancer, even when individual participant data are available so that a continuous prognostic trend is examined (rather than cut‐points). © 2015 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
STEAM by another name: Transdisciplinary practice in art and design education

ABSTRACT The recent movement to include art and design in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has made Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) an increasingly common acronym in the education lexicon. The STEAM movement builds on existing models of interdisciplinary curriculum, but what makes the union of art and design with the STEM disciplines so persuasive? In this article, I draw from research on interdisciplinary curricular projects that fit into the category of STEAM, but may also be considered inquiries into the role of art and design in the creative inquiry process, in order to sketch a transdisciplinary curriculum model that may be applied across disciplines.
A dictionary-learning algorithm for the analysis sparse model with a determinant-type of sparsity measure

Dictionary learning for sparse representation of signals has been successfully applied in signal processing. Most the existing methods are based on the synthesis model, in which the dictionary is overcomplete. This paper addresses the dictionary learning and sparse representation with the so-called analysis model. In this new model, the analysis dictionary multiplying the signal can lead to a sparse outcome. Though it has been studied in the literature, there is still not an investigation in the context of nonnegative signal representation, which should not be a trivial problem. In this paper, moreover, we propose to learn an analysis dictionary from signals using a determinant-type of sparsity measure. In the formulation, we adopt the Euclidean distance as the error measure. Based on these, we present a new algorithm for the dictionary learning and sparse representation. Numerical experiments on recovery of analysis dictionary show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Factors Enhancing the Psychological Well-Being and Positive Sexual Behaviour of South African Adolescent Males

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the factors enhancing the psychological well-being and positive sexual behaviour of South African adolescent males. The research method for this paper is the systematic review for it provides a logical understanding of literature findings from journal articles, secondary books and doctoral theses to identify gaps of the previous research. This paper is guided by Ryan and Deci’s Self-determination Theory and Ryff’s six dimensions of psychological well-being, namely; autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationships with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. Despite myriad of social challenges faced by male youth, this paper found that sex-education, sound teen-parent communication, modelling and church could potentially improve the sexual behaviour and subsequent psychological wellbeing of adolescent males. Psychological programmes in Black communities and schools should be implemented to encourage adolescent males to lead a positive life style.
A New Steganographic Method for Data Hiding in Microsoft Word Documents by a Change Tracking Technique

A new steganographic method for data hiding in Microsoft Word documents by a change tracking technique is proposed. The data embedding is disguised such that the stegodocument appears to be the product of a collaborative writing effort. Text segments in the document are degenerated, mimicking to be the work of an author with inferior writing skills, with the secret message embedded in the choices of degenerations. The degenerations are then revised with the changes being tracked, making it appear as if a cautious author is correcting the mistakes. The change tracking information contained in the stegodocument allows the original cover, the degenerated document, and, hence, the secret message to be recovered. The extra change tracking information added during message embedding is vital in a normal collaboration scenario, and so hinders ignorant removals by skeptics. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method
A Model for Speedup of Parallel Programs a Model for Speedup of Parallel Programs

We propose a new model for parallel speedup that is based on two parameters, the average parallelism of a program and its variance in parallelism. We present a way to use the model to estimate these program characteristics using only observed speedup curves (as opposed to the more detailed program knowledge otherwise required). We apply this method to speedup curves from real programs on a variety of architectures and show that the model ts the observed data well. We propose several applications for the model, including the selection of cluster sizes for parallel jobs.