Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A secure mobile authentication scheme for a Personal Data Store

In today’s digitalised and Internet-focused world, user authentication is a ubiquitous means to verify individuals’ identities in an online environment. For the majority of Internet services this task is of minor importance since the stored user data does not require a high degree of protection. However, platforms that store a variety of highly confidential user data have completely different requirements with regard to user authentication. This thesis describes a novel user authentication approach that protects the Personal Data Store (PDS) online platform developed by the Fraunhofer AISEC institute from user identification fraud. This system hosts individuals’ very personal and highly confidential data. Not only does it require a high degree of security, but the solution should also be usable by ordinary users. In order to fulfill these requirements the thesis analyses common authentication techniques, such as knowledge, possession and biometric factors and their respective applicability. In the context of the PDS a possession and knowledge factor-based approach is proposed that uses PIN-protected, contactless smart cards as a secure element. Furthermore, a mobile smart phone device with embedded NFC functionality is used to communicate with the smart card. More concretely, the authentication scheme uses a mobile challenge-response based authentication protocol that incorporates asymmetric cryptography directly on the smart card. This enables a high security standard by protecting the long-term secret in a highly secure environment. In order to verify the fulfilment of the required security and usability goals, the proposed solution is analysed and its security and usability features are delimited. Additionally, the scheme accompanies two different authentication techniques in order to suit different usability needs. These techniques not only differ in their degree of convenience and usability but also in their degree of security. The resulting implementation of the authentication scheme utilises a Java Card-based smart card, an Android-based smart phone and a Python-based web service solution. Relevant security design decisions as well as the architecture of the overall system are discussed thoroughly in the relevant sections.
Fusing point and areal level space–time data with application to wet deposition

Summary. Motivated by the problem of predicting chemical deposition in eastern USA at weekly, seasonal and annual scales, the paper develops a framework for joint modelling of point‐ and grid‐referenced spatiotemporal data in this context. The hierarchical model proposed can provide accurate spatial interpolation and temporal aggregation by combining information from observed point‐referenced monitoring data and gridded output from a numerical simulation model known as the ‘community multi‐scale air quality model’. The technique avoids the change‐of‐support problem which arises in other hierarchical models for data fusion settings to combine point‐ and grid‐referenced data. The hierarchical space–time model is fitted to weekly wet sulphate and nitrate deposition data over eastern USA. The model is validated with set‐aside data from a number of monitoring sites. Predictive Bayesian methods are developed and illustrated for inference on aggregated summaries such as quarterly and annual sulphate and nitrate deposition maps. The highest wet sulphate deposition occurs near major emissions sources such as fossil‐fuelled power plants whereas lower values occur near background monitoring sites.
Functional health literacy and cancer care conversations in online forums for retired persons

Cancer is primarily a chronic disease of older adults that must be managed and incorporated into everyday activities. Online sites are important sources of health care information and support. Health literacy is necessary for full utilisation of online resources. The objective of this study was to examine and compare cancer related conversations in online forums hosted by Canadian and American associations for retired persons. A content analysis was used to evaluate archived cancer conversations of general-health online forums representing two leading North American associations for retired persons. There were 125/1817 (6.8%) Canadians and 70/892 (7.8%) US cancer discussions among participants in 2006. Online conversations were grouped into three categories: request for information, provision of information and sharing of information. Important subthemes included cancer prevention and screening, treatment and cancer care and health system issues. There were significantly more posts about provision of cancer information from the Canadian compared with the US site (p = 0.023). American more than Canadian conversations emphasised the health system concerns as determinants of cancer care practices. Online discussion forums hosted by retirement associations may serve as an important channel in information dissemination about cancer prevention and screening, treatment and care support and health care advice for seniors.
Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Produced by Activation of Graphene

Activated microwave-exfoliated graphite oxide combined with an ionic liquid can be used to make an enhanced capacitor. Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high-surface-area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content. This sp2-bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom-thick walls that form primarily 0.6- to 5-nanometer-width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.
Genetic and Environmental Relationships Between Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Cardiovascular Risk Estimates Among Korean Twins and Families

We aimed to assess shared genetic correlations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with concurrent and future estimated cardiovascular risk (CVR) score in Korean twins and family members. For the relationship with Adult Treatment Panel III CVR estimate in subjects aged 30–74 years (n = 1,059, baseline and follow-up after 3.2 ± 1.2 years), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and state and trait anxiety inventory (SAI and TAI) were measured at baseline. A mixed linear model for CVR scores at baseline and follow-up was applied to include depressive and anxiety symptoms, twin and family effects, income, education, alcohol use, exercise, body mass index, and baseline CVR score for follow-up analysis. Higher CES-D scores were associated with higher CVR score at baseline in men, while higher TAI score was associated with higher CVR score at follow-up in women. Heritabilities were 0.245~0.326 for CVR score, 0.320 for CES-D score, 0.367 for TAI score, and 0.482 for SAI score. There were significant common genetic correlations in the relationships of CES-D, TAI, and SAI scores with CVR scores at baseline and follow-up (after adjusting for baseline CV risk score). Shared common environmental correlations were observed in the relationships of CES-D and SAI scores with CVR score at baseline; and SAI score with CVR score at follow-up. In the within-monozygotic twin analysis, there were no associations between CES-D, TAI, and SAI scores, and CVR score. In conclusion, shared genetic and environmental influences were observed in the relationship between depressive and anxiety symptoms with concurrent and future CVR estimates.
Minimal Violation and Phonological Development

This article examines some consequences of optimality theoretic constraint ranking and violability for the study of phonological development. It is well known that the phonetic shape of child utterances is subject to strict restrictions. When these restrictions are captured in terms of minimally violable, rather than inviolable, constraints, the effects of a constraint that is overcome in development can continue to persist through successive developmental stages and into the mature system. The empirical base for this study is provided by previously unpublished data from a longitudinal corpus of phonetically transcribed speech from four English-learning children (Compton and Streeter (1977)). Evidence for this view of development as constraint reranking is found in a comparison of the prosodic structure of child and adult English and in a developmental change in the application of consonant harmony; minimal violation in the child system itself occurs in the patterns of content preservation displayed by tr.
Microchip technology in drug delivery

The realization that the therapeutic efficacy of certain drugs can be affected dramatically by the way in which they are delivered has created immense interest in controlled drug delivery systems. Much previous work in drug delivery focused on achieving sustained drug release rates over time, while a more recent trend is to make devices that allow the release rate to be varied over time. Advances in microfabrication technology have made an entirely new type of drug delivery device possible. Proof-of-principle experiments have shown that silicon microchips have the ability to store and release multiple chemicals on demand. Future integration of active control electronics, such as microprocessors, remote control units, or biosensors, could lead to the development of a ‘pharmacy on a chip,’ ie ‘smart’ microchip implants or tablets that release drugs into the body automatically when needed.
Performance Enhancement of Ad Hoc Networks with Janitor Based Routing

We propose and analyze a new on the fly strategy that discovers, repairs and maintains routes in hierarchical and distributed fashion called Janitor Based Routing (JBR). The main motivation behind our JBR protocol is to decrease flooding and routing overhead and increase efficiencies in packet movement. An analytical model for the proposed JBR is presented and detailed simulation is used to observe the performance of JBR. This route discovery and maintenance protocol clearly achieved improvement in terms of reduction of flooding, routing overhead, and, hence, provides enhanced reliability.
(RE)WRITING THE DISCOURSES OF SCHOOLING AND OF "LEARNING DISABILITIES": THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL LITERACY IN A STUDENT ACTION GROUP

This article offers an empirical example of the development of critical literacy and suggests ways to redefine reading/literacy curricula to foster this type of literacy. Drawn from a study of the experiences of learning disabled-labeled undergraduates at an Ivy League university, this piece clarifies the concept of critical literacy and its development through an examination of the evolving language practices of a student action group called HEAL (Helping to Educate about Alternative Learning). HEAL group members used their experiences as a basis for collectively critiquing the dominant discourses of schooling and of the learning disabilities field and for creating a more positive alternative discourse about learning diversity. The author traces the development of critical literacy in this group and suggests conditions to support the development of critical literacy in K-16 classrooms.
A General Setting for the Parametric Google Matrix

The spectral and Jordan structures of the web hyperlink matrix G(c) = cG + (1 - c)evT have been analyzed when G is the basic (stochastic) Google matrix, c is a real parameter such that 0 < c < 1, v is a nonnegative probability vector, and e is the all-ones vector. Typical studies have relied heavily on special properties of nonnegative, positive, and stochastic matrices. There is a unique nonnegative vector y(c) such that y(c) TG(c) = y(c) T and y(c) T e = 1. This PageRank vector y(c)can be computed effectively by the power method. We consider a square complex matrix A and nonzero complex vectors x and v such that Ax = λx and v*x = 1. We use standard matrix analytic tools to determine the eigenvalues, the Jordan blocks, and a distinguished left λ-eigenvector of A(c) = cA + (1 - c)λxv* as a function of a complex variable c. If λ is a semisimple eigenvalue of A, there is a uniquely determined projection P such that lim c→1 y(c) = Pv for every v such that v*x = 1; this limit may fail to exist for some v if λ is not semisimple. As a special case of our results, we obtain a complex analog of PageRank for the web hyperlink matrix G(c) with a complex parameter c. We study regularity, limits, expansions, and conditioning of y(c), and we propose a complex extrapolation algorithm that may provide an efficient way to compute PageRank.
A FRAMEWORK FOR POSITION UNCERTAINTY OF UNORGANISED THREE-DIMENSIONAL POINT CLOUDS FROM NEAR-MONOSTATIC LASER SCANNERS USING COVARIANCE ANALYSIS

Position uncertainty is one of the most important quantities of an unorganised three-dimensional point clouds since it provides the confidence level of any parametric estimation such as surface normal vector estimation and the registration of point clouds. We present an explicit form of position uncertainty based on the covariance analysis of a point. In addition, an explicit form of the variance of an estimated surface normal vector and an algorithm to evaluate an optimal size of the neighbourhood of a point which minimises the variance of the estimated normal vector are presented.
ADHD in schools: prevalence, multi‐professional involvements and school training needs in an LEA

As part of research undertaken by the first author, a survey of schools was carried out in one local education authority (LEA) in order to gather information about pupils diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). All mainstream and special schools and pupil referral units were approached and a response rate of 94% was achieved. In 151 schools there were 413 pupils reported as being formally diagnosed with ADHD. The survey results include details of prevalence, the balance of gender, age and special educational need (SEN) Code of Practice levels, issues of diagnosis and medication, co‐morbidity and school training needs. In addition, responses from two ADHD study days, one held during the survey data collection phase and the second following dissemination of the results, provided supplementary information regarding school training needs. Implications for inclusive educational practice are discussed with reference to: prevalence rates; multi‐professional identification, assessment and management of the disorder; the need for and nature of the training schools require.
IDENTIFICATION OF MUNICIPAL POLICIES THAT INFLUENCE THE DISTRIBUTION OF GREEN COVER ACROSS METROPOLITAN REGIONS

Nature’s services provided by green cover are important to environmental conditions in cities and their ability to adapt to climate change. Researchers using geospatial technologies have dramatically increased the spatial and temporal resolution of knowledge about the distribution of tree and shrub cover in cities. Much of the current research on tree cover in cities has concentrated on individual preferences and associations between socioeconomic characteristics and environmental conditions. To complement existing research and provide planners with the practical tools they need to maintain the benefits of urban nature, this study focuses on the public policy factors that influence tree and other green cover at the lot and neighbourhood scales, concentrating on single family neighbourhoods. Green cover is classified using an object-oriented method with high spatial-resolution aerial imagery and GIS techniques. Landscape and property information were extracted from Los Angeles County Assessor Office files at a parcel scale for 20 cities in Los Angeles County. The extracted variables included lot size, floor-area ratio, residential landscape standards, tree protection ordinances, and street tree programs and were used along with average temperature and rainfall information in multiple regression models to explain the distribution and character of green cover across different neighbourhoods.
Foraging Range of Honey Bees, Apis mellifera, in Alfalfa Seed Production Fields

Abstract A study was conducted in 2006 and 2007 designed to examine the foraging range of honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae), in a 15.2 km2 area dominated by a 128.9 ha glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready® alfalfa seed production field and several non-Roundup Ready alfalfa seed production fields (totaling 120.2 ha). Each year, honey bee self-marking devices were placed on 112 selected honey bee colonies originating from nine different apiary locations. The foraging bees exiting each apiary location were uniquely marked so that the apiary of origin and the distance traveled by the marked (field-collected) bees into each of the alfalfa fields could be pinpointed. Honey bee self-marking devices were installed on 14.4 and 11.2% of the total hives located within the research area in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The frequency of field-collected bees possessing a distinct mark was similar, averaging 14.0% in 2006 and 12.6% in 2007. A grand total of 12,266 bees were collected from the various alfalfa fields on seven sampling dates over the course of the study. The distances traveled by marked bees ranged from a minimum of 45 m to a maximum of 5983 m. On average, marked bees were recovered ∼ 800 m from their apiary of origin and the recovery rate of marked bees decreased exponentially as the distance from the apiary of origin increased. Ultimately, these data will be used to identify the extent of pollen-mediated gene flow from Roundup Ready to conventional alfalfa.
Energy Discounted Computing on Multicore Smartphones

Multicore processors are not energy proportional: the first running CPU core that activates shared resources incurs much higher power cost than each additional core does. On the other hand, typical smartphone applications exhibit little parallelism and therefore when one core is activated by an interactive application, computing resources at other cores are available at a deep energy discount. By non-work-conserving scheduling, we exploit energy-discounted co-run opportunities to process best-effort smartphone tasks that involve no direct user interaction (e.g., data compression / encryption for cloud backup, background sensing, and offline bytecode compilation). We show that, for optimal co-run energy discount, the best-effort processing must not elevate the overall system power state (specifically, no reduction of the multicore CPU idle state, no increase of the core frequency, and no impact on the system suspension period). In addition, we use available ARM performance counters to identify co-run resource contention on the multicore processor and throttle best-effort task when it interferes with interactivity. Experimental results on a multicore smartphone show that we can reach up to 63% energy discount in the best-effort task processing with little performance impact on the interactive applications.
Mathematical modeling of rayleigh fading channels based on finite state markov chains

To mathematically model the Rayleigh fading channel, we propose a new method to partition the received Signalto-Noise ratio (SNR) range into a finite number of states and construct a finite state Markov chain (FSMC). Our method is based on the assumption that the transitions of the FSMC occur only between adjacent states. We provide numerical and simulation results to verify that our method constructs an accurate FSMC and our method outperforms existing methods.
Community Mental Health Ideology in Victoria

The purpose of this paper is to look at the ideology of professional staff working in the innovatory community mental health services in Victoria, in order to gain some qualitative understanding of how they define the scope of community psychiatry and pinpoint some of the issues of contention relevant to the operation of community mental health services in this State. As Baker and Schulberg ( 1967) note, ideological differences have been present in the mental health professions for many years. Previous studies elsewhere have focused on the distribution and interrelations of various ideological positions within the therapeutic mode. Thus, Gilbert and Levinson ( 1957 ) focused on ’humanism versus custodialism’, Sharaf and Levinson (1957) focused on psychotherapeutic
On the Viability of the Comprehensive High School: A Reply to Professor Wraga

Professor Wraga is upset that the authors of the special EAQ issue on “What Will Replace the Comprehensive High School? ” “contrived a negative image” of the institution and then used it as a straw man. He objects (three times) to the issue’s a priori position and goes so far as to suggest that it raises “questions of balance and objectivity. ” We must agree that there is a ring reminiscent of “When did you stop beating your wife? ” in the issue’s title. Had the collection been devoted to matters such as “Do weneedto replace the comprehensive high school? ” or “ Should we replace the comprehensive high school? ” then Wraga’s concern would be appropriate: We did not offer an objective and balanced examination of those questions. Actually, we offered no examination of them of any sort. That is not what the issue was about. Wraga is correct in attributing to us an a priori position with respect to the comprehensive high school. But that is no shamefaced confession: We hoped to make it plain to all from the start, with the issue’s title! —and this, in order to get on to other questions. The crux of Wraga’s objections appears to be that we did not set out to examine the question he thinks we should have examined—which evidently would have read something like “What have been the aims of the comprehen sive high school and how have reformers sought to change it over the years? ” For purposes of the issue, at least, we felt it safe to proceed as though the com prehensive high school has undergone enough thoroughgoing criticism that it would be interesting to ask how researchers might envision its successor institution. (Of course, one would not even have to think of it as dueto be succeeded to inquire what will supplant it, but probably several of the issue’s authors would find replacement a positive step.) Evidently, Wraga is not convinced that the comprehensive high school’s lack of viability has yet been demonstrated. In fact, he suggests, since the
Teaching and Learning Online: Assessing the Effect of Gender Context on Active Learning

ABSTRACT Advocates of computer-mediated instruction have pointed to the potential of online teaching for facilitating students’ active learning behavior. Small-group online discussion can have a role in meaningful student interaction. Yet, what is less known are the conditions under which students actually engage in interaction in online discussion groups rather than posting monologues. We refer to the literature that posits that gender is a variable affecting students' online discussion behavior. Existing literature suggests that the use of gender-specific language in online interactions is highly context-dependent. Of particular interest is the extent to which the manifestation of gender-typical rhetorical styles and student–student interaction are shaped by the gender composition of the online group. Our data, obtained from student postings to 50 discussion groups in three different upper-level comparative politics courses taught by two different instructors in multiple sections, permitted us to perform a content analysis of 1,908 messages containing 14,442 statements made by 453 students. In addition to suggesting overall differences and surprising similarities between male and female discussion styles, our preliminary findings point toward the productive effects of mixed-gender discussion groups.