Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythms of food intake and oral temperature in "morning" and "evening" groups of individuals.

The most marked ‘ morning ’ and ‘evening ’ types in a psychology class were identified by means of a questionnaire, and asked to record their oral temperatures and food intakes throughout the day during a 4-week and a 4-day period respectively. The morning group had its mean circadian temperature maximum 5 h earlier than the evening group, and had its cumulative food intake distribution curve 1¾ h ahead of the evening group. After adjusting the food distributions by 1¾ h in the time base to get a least-square fit, significant differences between the distributions remained. It is suggested that morning types have a more autonomous 24-hour-periodicity than evening types. It is concluded that the questionnaires have the power to discriminate extreme morning and evening types of individuals in terms of oral temperature and food intake. Food intake seems to be a sensitive enough measure to be included in studies of inter-individual differences of circadian rhythms.
Lipstick , Needle , and Company : a Case Study of the Structure of a Bridge Group in Houston , Texas

Research regarding HIV transmission has been interested in the role of bridge groups, a venue for HIV transmission consisting of individuals grouped according to social roles that intersect at disparate populations, to which they may remain weakly linked. Bridge groups enable HIV transmission between separate types of risk groups, not simply between individuals, such as among gay men or among IDUs. For some time, researchers have speculated on the existence and function of bridge groups in the transmission of HIV between injection drug users to populations far removed from this targeted population. Despite various research efforts, we still know very little about such groups. Some research has surmised that gay male IDUs are a likely bridge group, as are male street prostitutes. This study examines bridge group members* perceptions of the realities of their social relations and HIV risk behaviors. The anecdotes that illustrate the functions of this bridge group are representative of all participants' stories. The core study participants are HIV-positive injection drug users who share needles with one another, but their links extend beyond drug use. All engage in risky, noncommercial sexual behaviors with one another and with individuals beyond the network. Some report that they engage in risky sexual behaviors with paying clients who are not part of the drug culture and who request these unsafe behaviors, often with the knowledge that the sex workers are seropositive. After a discussion of the findings, the manuscript discusses some bridge group characteristics to consider in future interventions and research, including rationales for avoiding safer sex practices, sexual segregation, and abuse histories.
A Social Field Model: Premises for an Artificial Intelligence Based Simulation of Human Society

This paper proposes conceptually new simulating approach so called “Social Field Model” (SFM) which is based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods. The main novelty of the proposed interdisciplinary approach is grounded on the dual assumption that (a) modern social behavior stems out of accumulated field of economic information (world capital evolution in time and space through the means of interfering information waves oscillated in different frequencies, amplitudes and phases by the population), (b) individuals are like interacting elementary particles of world population which may be described as an interacting net of neural networks. This paper is an attempt to describe SFM in general terms as adaptive, wavy, chaotic and evolutionary model, capable to simulate and reveal (i) conditions for appearance of well known periodic and nonperiodic economic cycles, (ii) world population and capital clustering conditions and features, (iii) geometry of structural invariants of social evolution.
Event-Driven Control for Networked Control Systems With Quantization and Markov Packet Losses

In this paper, event-driven is used in a networked control system (NCS) which is subjected to the effect of quantization and packet losses. A discrete event-detector is used to monitor specific events in the NCS. Both an arbitrary region quantizer and Markov jump packet losses are also considered for the NCS. Based on zoom strategy and Lyapunov theory, a complete proof is given to guarantee mean square stability of the closed-loop system. Stabilization of the NCS is ensured by designing a feedback controller. Lastly, an inverted pendulum model is given to show the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed results.
Protest as a Political Resource

The frequent resort to protest activity by relatively powerless groups in recent American politics suggests that protest represents an important aspect of minority group and low income group politics. At the same time that Negro civil rights strategists have recognized the problem of using protest as a meaningful political instrument, groups associated with the “war on poverty” have increasingly received publicity for protest activity. Saul Alinsky's Industrial Areas Foundation, for example, continues to receive invitations to help organize low income communities because of its ability to mobilize poor people around the tactic of protest. The riots which dominated urban affairs in the summer of 1967 appear not to have diminished the dependence of some groups on protest as a mode of political activity. This article provides a theoretical perspective on protest activity as a political resource. The discussion is concentrated on the limitations inherent in protest which occur because of the need of protest leaders to appeal to four constituencies at the same time. As the concept of protest is developed here, it will be argued that protest leaders must nurture and sustain an organization comprised of people with whom they may or may not share common values. They must articulate goals and choose strategies so as to maximize their public exposure through communications media. They must maximize the impact of third parties in the political conflict. Finally, they must try to maximize chances of success among those capable of granting goals.
Outcomes of mentoring at‐risk college students: gender and ethnic matching effects

In this study, the long‐term academic effects of mentoring relationships in higher education are explored, with particular emphasis on students in ethnic categories with a low first‐year retention rate. A sample of 339 undergraduate students in a student–faculty mentor program was statistically paired with 339 nonmentored controls on gender, ethnicity, class level, and entering grade point average (GPA). At the end of the one‐year mentoring experience, mentored students had a higher GPA, completed more units, and had a higher retention rate. Eleven years after the onset of this study, records revealed that by graduation the GPAs of the mentored students did not differ significantly from those of their controls and there were no differences in graduation rate. However, the mentored students remained on campus to pursue graduate study and teaching credentials at a higher rate. There was no apparent advantage associated with matching students with mentors based on gender, but students matched with mentors of the same ethnicity showed a higher cumulative GPA and graduation rate and also entered graduate study at a higher rate.
Predictors of Recidivism among Delinquent Youth: Interrelations among Ethnicity, Gender, Age, Mental Health Problems, and Posttraumatic Stress

This study investigated the interrelations among mental health problems, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), age, ethnicity, gender, and recidivism over a three-year period in a sample of 417 male and 170 female juvenile offenders. At the time of first admission to a juvenile detention center, boys reported higher alcohol/drug use, whereas girls reported greater anger/irritability. Caucasian offenders evidenced higher rates of alcohol/drug use and somatic complaints than African American offenders. Younger age was related to higher levels of anger/irritability and depression/anxiety, although older adolescents with PTSD reported the highest levels of alcohol/drug use, anger/irritability, somatic complaints, and depression/anxiety. Across multiple admissions to detention, alcohol/drug use increased for all youth, whereas somatic complaints decreased for boys only. Younger offenders were more likely to recidivate than older offenders; however, girls and younger African American youth with PTSD were more likely to reoffend than were their peers.
Dossier : « À propos des relations natures/sociétés » − Political ecological perspectives on socioecological relations

This paper highlights the major political ecological perspectives in the Anglophone literature on socioecological relations with emphasis on three main theoretical framings: environmental/ social dialectic; environmental constructivism; and the co-production of socionature. These framings resonate with the literature’s conceptualization of nature-society relations in terms of the destruction, construction, and co-production of nature. The paper discusses the ontological and epistemological foundations of each perspective, their main methodological approaches, and the signature theoretical contributions to understanding socioecological relations. Case studies illustrate the thematic and theoretical orientation of each perspective. In the conclusion we highlight some of the common theoretical threads that connect these perspectives, notably their dialectical approaches, an emphasis on power relations, the notion that ecology is a social relation, and an emphasis on the nonequilibrium character of socioecological systems. Résumé – Trois approches des relations socioécologiques par la political ecology1. À partir de la littérature anglophone, cet article met en lumière les principaux points de vue de la political ecology sur les relations socioécologiques. Il explore en particulier trois cadres théoriques : la dialectique environnement/société, le constructivisme environnemental et la coproduction de l’ordre naturel et de l’ordre social. Ces cadres entrent en résonance avec la conceptualisation, dans la littérature anglophone, des relations nature-société en termes de destruction, construction et coproduction de la nature (Robbins, 2012). L’article aborde les fondements ontologiques et épistémologiques de chacun des trois points de vue, leurs approches méthodologiques principales et leurs contributions théoriques propres pour comprendre les relations socioécologiques. Des études de cas illustrent les orientations thématiques et théoriques de chaque point de vue. La dialectique société/environnement explique les changements environnementaux (par exemple, l’érosion des sols) et la vulnérabilité à la variabilité (par exemple, les sécheresses, les chocs économiques sur les marchés) à travers les relations sociales de production et d’échange. Ce point de vue combine une approche structuraliste de la société avec une approche
Explicit and Implicit Negative Feedback

The relative effects of various types of negative feedback on the acquisition of the English dative alternation by 100 adult Spanish-speaking learners of English as a second language were investigated. Our objective was to determine empirically whether feedback can help learners learn the appropriate abstract constraints on an overgeneral rule. All subjects were trained on the alternation, which was presented in terms of a simple structural change. Subjects were divided into groups according to the type of feedback they received when they made an error. Specifically, upon making an error, Group A subjects were given explicit metalinguistic information about the generalization we hoped they would learn. Group B subjects were told that their response was wrong. Group C subjects were corrected when they erred, giving them a model of the response desired along with implicit negative evidence that their response was incorrect. Group D subjects, having made an error, were asked if they were sure about their response. The comparison group received no feedback.
(1R,3S,5R,6S)-6-Acetoxy-8-methyl-3-(p-tolylsulfonyloxy)-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (2R,3R)-2,3-bis(benzoyloxy)-3-carboxypropanoate

The title compound, C17H24NO5S+·C18H13O8 −, is the key intermediate during the preparation of lesatropane [systematic name (1R,3S,5R,6S)-6-acetoxy-3-(4-methylphenylsulfonyloxy)tropane], a potential antiglaucoma agent. The tertiary N atom of the tropane ring is involved in intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, and the carboxylate groups are involved in intermolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
Colonisation, the New World Order, and the eradication of traditional food habits in East Africa: historical perspective on the nutrition transition

Abstract Objective To discuss factors which have underpinned the nutrition transition in the countries of East Africa, including Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, from early colonisation to the current, oppressive political–economic structure. Results Colonisation and neocolonisation in accordance with the desires of the New World Order have ensured the systematic extirpation of indigenous and traditional food habits in East Africa. These indigenous and traditional food habits, associated with myriad health benefits, have been progressively replaced by the globalised food system of the multinational corporations, a system inherently associated with the creation of non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemics throughout this region and globally. While the simplification of the East African food culture may be most apparent today, the nutrition transition has actually occurred over the past 400 years, since the onset of colonial occupation. Conclusions It is imperative that greater efforts be directed towards exposing the colonial and neocolonial forces which have undermined food security and health status in East Africa. Heightened awareness of these forces is essential for proposing genuine solutions to the nutrition transition and related NCD epidemics throughout this region and, indeed, worldwide.
Consistency in women's reports of sensitive behavior in an interview mode experiment, São Paulo, Brazil.

CONTEXT Inaccurate reporting of sexual behavior creates a misleading picture of individuals' risk for STI infection. Despite a substantial body of U.S. research on the consistency of self-reports of sensitive behavior, only a few such studies have been conducted in developing countries. METHODS Consistency in the reporting of sexual activity and other sensitive behaviors was assessed among 818 women aged 18-40 who enrolled in 2004 in a study examining STI screening and diagnosis in São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were randomized into face-to-face interview and audio computer-assisted self-interview (audio-CASI) groups, and a six-week follow-up interview was conducted using audio-CASI for all participants. Differences between groups were assessed using t tests, and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the likelihood of inconsistency within the enrollment interview and between the enrollment and follow-up interviews. RESULTS Consistency in reporting at the enrollment interview was higher in the face-to-face group than in the audio-CASI group, likely because interviewers prompted women to reconcile discrepant responses, whereas the audio-CASI program did not enforce logical consistency. However, consistency between enrollment and follow-up was significantly lower in the face-to-face group for abortion, marijuana use, transactional sex, coerced sex and number of lifetime sexual partners, because of increased reporting at follow-up using audio-CASI. CONCLUSION Although the analysis of internal consistency at enrollment suggests that computerized interviewing may increase random measurement error, it appears to reduce social desirability bias and encourage higher reporting of sensitive behaviors.
T‐tubule disorganization and reduced synchrony of Ca2+ release in murine cardiomyocytes following myocardial infarction

In cardiac myocytes, initiation of excitation–contraction coupling is highly localized near the T‐tubule network. Myocytes with a dense T‐tubule network exhibit rapid and homogeneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release throughout the cell. We examined whether progressive changes in T‐tubule organization and Ca2+ release synchrony occur in a murine model of congestive heart failure (CHF). Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery, and CHF was diagnosed by echocardiography (left atrial diameter >2.0 mm). CHF mice were killed at 1 or 3 weeks following MI (1‐week CHF, 3‐week CHF) and cardiomyocytes were isolated from viable regions of the septum, excluding the MI border zone. Septal myocytes from SHAM‐operated mice served as controls. T‐tubules were visualized by confocal microscopy in cells stained with di‐8‐ANEPPS. SHAM cells exhibited a regular striated T‐tubule pattern. However, 1‐week CHF cells showed slightly disorganized T‐tubule structure, and more profound disorganization occurred in 3‐week CHF with irregular gaps between adjacent T‐tubules. Line‐scan images of Ca2+ transients (fluo‐4 AM, 1 Hz) showed that regions of delayed Ca2+ release occurred at these gaps. Three‐week CHF cells exhibited an increased number of delayed release regions, and increased overall dyssynchrony of Ca2+ release. A common pattern of Ca2+ release in 3‐week CHF was maintained between consecutive transients, and was not altered by forskolin application. Thus, progressive T‐tubule disorganization during CHF promotes dyssynchrony of SR Ca2+ release which may contribute to the slowing of SR Ca2+ release in this condition.
A new hybrid active power filter topology with continuous compensation bandwidth and small active capacity

Shunt hybrid active power filter (HAPF) which consists of both active and passive parts has a lot of attractive points, e.g. suitable for high power and/or high voltage application, cost-effective initial investment and convenient for connection etc. However, popular HAPF configurations are confronted larger active part's capacity, discontinuous impedance in frequency domain and sensitive to passive filter mistuned, which results in higher cost and unsatisfied harmonic compensation performance respectively. A modified HAPF [3] has, on the other hand, the problem that hard to regulate the DC bus voltage due to its very high fundamental impedance. This paper proposes a new topology with further improvement of passive part and has the advantages of low active capacity, low cost, continuous frequency-domain impedance, satisfied harmonic suppression performance and can regulate DC bus voltage to constant. Detail analysis and simulations verify the effectiveness and feasibility.
12-Oxo-Phytodienoic Acid Triggers Expression of a Distinct Set of Genes and Plays a Role in Wound-Induced Gene Expression in Arabidopsis1[w]

Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively known as JAs, regulate diverse physiological processes in plants, including the response to wounding. Recent reports suggest that a cyclopentenone precursor of JA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), can also induce gene expression. However, little is known about the physiological significance of OPDA-dependent gene expression. We used microarray analysis of approximately 21,500 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes to compare responses to JA, MeJA, and OPDA treatment. Although many genes responded identically to both OPDA and JAs, we identified a set of genes (OPDA-specific response genes [ORGs]) that specifically responded to OPDA but not to JAs. ORGs primarily encoded signaling components, transcription factors, and stress response-related genes. One-half of the ORGs were induced by wounding. Analysis using mutants deficient in the biosynthesis of JAs revealed that OPDA functions as a signaling molecule in the wounding response. Unlike signaling via JAs, OPDA signaling was CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 independent. These results indicate that an OPDA signaling pathway functions independently of JA/MeJA signaling and is required for the wounding response in Arabidopsis.
Collaboration for Innovation: A Product Management Perspective

When it comes to the development of new products, the product management has to encourage collaboration throughout all shareholders. The higher the number of shareholders, the higher the challenges towards cost, development time, delay, quality, and communication. This task has become even more difficult since social networks and online communities have gained popularity as a customer-driven innovation management (innovation pull). On the on hand social media facilitate a collaborative approach towards new product development, on the other hand they represent an additional artefact in the innovation process. In this paper we analyze the changed requirements towards the product management process and suggest a model that can help product managers to more efficiently assimilate information generated in the collaborative innovation process.
Talking About Sex: Religion and Patterns of Parent–Child Communication about Sex and Contraception

Despite the association between religiousness and conservative sexual attitudes, links between religion and patterns of parent–child communication about sex and birth control are largely undocumented. This study examines these relationships using two nationally representative data sets of parents and adolescents. I evaluated a conceptual model of religious influence on the sexual socialization of adolescents. Results suggest that parental public religiosity curbs the frequency of conversations about sex and birth control, and after accounting for conversations about sexual morality, so does parental religious salience. Despite notable relationships with religious affiliation, age, race, and gender still shape parental communication patterns most consistently.
Identification of key risk factors for the Polish State Fire Service with cascade step forward feature selection

The Polish State Fire Service gathers information about incidents which require their intervention. This information is stored to document the events. However, it can be very useful for new officers training, better identification of threats and planning of more effective procedures. The identification of key risk factors for casualties among firefighters, children or other involved people was a topic of data mining competition organized as a part of 1st Complex Events and Information Modelling workshop devoted to the fire protection engineering. The task of the competition was to find ten subsets of features for ten Naive Bayes classifiers. The ensemble output was used to predict occurence of casualities. Herein, the solution description that took 5th place is presented. The proposed method used cascade step forward feature selection procedure to find features subsets.