Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity evaluation by physiologically relevant assays based on hemoglobin peroxidase activity and cytochrome c-induced oxidation of liposomes

Two new protocols for exploring antioxidant-related chemical composition and reactivity are described: one based on a chronometric variation of a hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase assay and one based on cytochrome c -induced oxidation of lecithin liposomes. Detailed accounts are given on their design, application, critical correlations with established methods, and mechanisms. These assays are proposed to be physiologically relevant and bring new information regarding a real sample, both qualitative and quantitative. The well-known assays used for evaluation of antioxidant (re)activity are revisited and compared with these new methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) allow straightforward comparisons of these antioxidant assays based on mechanism and reinforce the need to use more than a single parameter in examining such reactivity. Extracts of the Hedera helix L. are examined as test case, with focus on seasonal variation and on leaf, fruit and flower with respect to chromatographic, spectroscopic and reactivity properties.
A stochastic vision of the paleoclimate. Modelling and predictibility

The objective of the paper is related to the use of stochastic methods to appreciate if the recent climate trend is similar to the decennial trends of the last thousands years. If not , it means that the present climate change is unprecedented. If yes , it means that the extraordinary climatic events of the recent years are a natural expression of climate variability, but the memory of several generations and of instrumental series, more than 100 years old, cannot point it out. The first hypothesis is an “alarming” possibility, while the latter is a “relaxing” one.
Variability in human external ear anthropometry- Anthropological and forensic applications.

Abstract The human auricle has attracted the attention of forensic scientists since a long for its unique morphological characteristics. In modern times, these unique features can be captured by CCTV cameras, which may be extremely useful during the identification process in a criminal investigation. Unique morphological characteristics such as Darwin's tubercle, shape, and size of the ear, different morphological features of the helix, tragus, lobule, etc. are frequently used in the identification and individualization process. The human ear was not only accessi-ble for its morphological and morphometric variations, but also its existing bilateral, sex, and population differences. The present study was conducted on 140 individuals (71 males and 69 females) aged between 18 and 30 years. The data were collected from the colleges of Nahan city of Sirmaur district in Himachal Pradesh state of North India. Various anthropometric measurements were taken independently on the left and right ear of each individual with the help of a pair of sliding calipers using a standard method. These linear measurements were physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, ear length above tragus, distance from tragus to antihelix, distance from tragus to the helix, lobule height, and lobule width. Auricular index, lobular index, and lobular ear index were calculated from the aforementioned measurements. Further, an independent t-test/ Mann Witney U test and paired sample t-test/ Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were applied for the evaluation of sex differences and bilateral differences in the human ear, respectively. For the prediction of sexual dimorphism, discriminant function analysis was applied. Physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, ear length above tragus, distances from tragus to antihelix (left ear only), and tragus to helix exhibited significant sex differences on both sides (p<0.05). Significant bilateral differences (p<0.05) were reported for all the measurements of the ear in males except for lobule height, whereas, significant side differences (p<0.05) were shown for ear length above tragus, distance from tragus to helix, and lobule width among females. The discriminant function model showed 82.10% accuracy for determining sexual dimorphism. The study highlighted sexual dimorphism and bilateral differences in ear morphometry in a north Indian population and provided a database of anthropometric variables in the human ear for forensic and anthropological uses.
Chronological and palaeoenvironmental context of human occupations at the Buendía rockshelter (Central Spain) during the late Upper Pleistocene in inland Iberia

This paper introduces the sequence of the Buendía rockshelter (Central Spain), a multi‐layered site with abundant lithic assemblages attributed to the Magdalenian. We present 18 new radiocarbon dates that firmly position the whole stratigraphy between 15 and 13 14C ka BP (18–16 cal ka BP), making the Buendía rockshelter an excellent palaeoenvironmental and archaeological archive for a very specific time span of the late Upper Pleistocene. Available proxies include pollen, phytoliths, charcoal, molluscs, macromammals and other evidence of human occupation of the rockshelter, which enable the portrayal of a detailed picture of Buendía landscapes during the Lateglacial. These were generally characterized by an open landscape with sparse arboreal vegetation, in which pollen shows a dominance of Compositae in the herbaceous taxa and of Pinus among the arboreal taxa. Charcoal analysis also points to an abundance of Pinus sylvestris type, and phytoliths indicate the relevance of Poaceae. Marine and freshwater molluscs were mostly brought into the site by humans, thus highlighting long‐distance transport networks among Magdalenian hunter‐gatherers between the coast and inland Iberia. Climatic oscillations are observed across the stratigraphic sequence, and discussed in light of the archaeological evidence for the human occupation of inland Iberia.
A Partially Structured Postoperative Handoff Protocol Improves Communication in 2 Mixed Surgical Intensive Care Units Findings From the Handoffs and Transitions in Critical Care (HATRICC) Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of standardizing operating room (OR) to intensive care unit (ICU) handoffs in a mixed surgical population. Summary of Background Data: Standardizing OR to ICU handoffs improves information transfer after cardiac surgery, but there is limited evidence in other surgical contexts. Methods: This prospective interventional cohort study (NCT02267174) was conducted in 2 surgical ICUs in 2 affiliated hospitals. From 2014 to 2016, we developed, implemented, and assessed theeffectiveness of a new standardized handoff protocol requiring bedside clinician communication using an information template. The primary study outcome was number of information omissions out of 13 possible topics, recorded by trained observers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and multivariable regression. Results: We observed 165 patient transfers (68 pre-, 97 postintervention). Before standardization, observed handoffs had a mean 4.7 (cid:3) 2.9 information omissions each. After standardization, information omissions decreased 21.3% to 3.7 (cid:3) 1.9 ( P ¼ 0.023). In a pre-specified subanalysis, information omissions for new ICU patients decreased 36.2% from 4.7 (cid:3) 3.1 to 3.0 (cid:3) 1.6 ( P ¼ 0.008, interaction term P ¼ 0.008). The decrement in information omissions was linearly associated with the number of protocol steps followed ( P < 0.001). After controlling for patient stability, the intervention was still associated with reduced omissions. Handoff duration increased after stan- dardization from 4.1 (cid:3) 3.3 to 8.0 (cid:3) 3.9minutes ( P < 0.001). ICU mortality and length of stay did not change postimplementation. Conclusion: Standardizing OR to ICU handoffs significantly improved information exchange in 2 mixed surgical ICUs, with a concomitant increase in handoff duration. Additional research is needed to identify barriers to and facilitators of handoff protocol adherence. surgery, and urologic surgery.
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Entertainment and media in the ubiquitous era

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 12th MindTrek Conference and the International Academic Conference MindTrek 2008 Entertainment and Media in the Ubiqutious Era. The MindTrek scientific track was premiered in 2007 in a smaller scale however, this year it is extended on a larger scale and in cooperation with ACM. MindTrek as event as such exists since 12 years, and extended its activities yearly. The academic tracks aim at the presentation of cutting edge research results in the field of ubimedia, social media, and gaming. An interdisciplinary team of international researchers was brought together to research the future of media technology from different perspectives. The accepted papers have been divided into the three main tracks of the conference: ubimedia, social media, and games between the 7th and 9th of October in Tampere, Finland. Most of the papers will be presented on Tuesday Oct 7th. The call for papers attracted submissions from 24 countries in Asia, Europe, South America, North America and Australia.
Geology and geochemistry of Karasugasen lava dome, Daisen–Hiruzen Volcano Group, southwest Japan

Abstract The geology and geochemistry of pyroclastic flows and fallout tephras formed during the Karasugasen dome eruption in the Daisen–Hiruzen Volcano Group in southwest Japan have been examined in detail. The Karasugasen lava dome erupted at about 26 ka. The eruption began with a vulcanian ash fall, and this was followed by at least eight block and ash flows and a pumice flow. The block and ash flows were produced by the successive collapses of a growing lava dome. This main eruption phase was followed by an eruption of vulcanian ash falls, and finally ended with a sub‐Plinian pumice fall. This eruption sequence is typical of the Daisen Volcano during the last three eruption events, which occurred at 58, 26 and 17 ka. The magma produced during the Karasugasen eruption was a typical adakite, with extremely high Sr/Y ratios and low HREE/LREE ratios compared to normal arc lavas. The chemistry of the Karasugasen lavas is almost identical to other Daisen–Hiruzen lavas that were produced from eruptions over an interval of a million years. The continuous supply of a huge amount of adakitic magma (>100 km3) for such a long period suggests a massive homogeneous source material, such as molten Philippine Sea Plate slab. Slab melting is a plausible mechanism for the production of the adakitic lavas at Karasugasen, and hence the Daisen–Hiruzen Volcano Group.
Characterization of a Strain of Fukuyoa paulensis (Dinophyceae) from the Western Mediterranean Sea

A single cell of the dinoflagellate genus Fukuyoa was isolated from the island of Formentera (Balearic Islands, west Mediterranean Sea), cultured, and characterized by morphological and molecular methods and toxin analyses. This is the first report of the Gambierdiscus lineage (genera Fukuyoa and Gambierdiscus) from the western Mediterranean Sea, which is cooler than its eastern basin. Molecular analyses revealed that the Mediterranean strain belongs to F. paulensis and that it bears LSU rDNA sequences identical to New Zealand, Australian, and Brazilian strains. It also shared an identical sequence of the more variable ITS‐rDNA with the Brazilian strain. Toxin analyses showed the presence of maitotoxin, 54‐deoxyCTX1B, and gambieric acid A. This is the first observation of the two latter compounds in a Fukuyoa strain. Therefore, both Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa should be considered when as contributing to ciguatera fish poisoning. Different strains of Fukuyoa form a complex of morphologically cryptic lineages where F. paulensis stands as the most distantly related nominal species. The comparison of the ITS2 secondary structures revealed the absence of CBCs among strains. The study of the morphological and molecular traits depicted an unresolved taxonomic scenario impacted by the low strains sampling.
Integrative Physiology Broad Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Activity Exacerbates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Inadvertent Downregulation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 α and Upregulation of Peroxisome Proliferator–activated Receptor- α

of in Oxidative stress plays an important role in mediating myocardial injury during I/R. The molecular source of ROS during I/R and their role in mediating myocardial injury remain unclear. Using genetically altered mouse models, we found that both Nox2 and Nox4, major isoforms of the NADPH oxidase in the heart, contribute to oxidative stress during I/R, and suppression of either of them significantly reduces I/R injury by inhibiting excessive production of ROS. However, combined downregulation of both Nox2 and Nox4 paradoxically exacerbated I/R injury, although oxidative stress by I/R was markedly suppressed. These findings suggest that during I/R, low levels of ROS production from either Nox2 or Nox4 are required for activation of adaptive mechanisms essential for cardio-protection, which is mediated by the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor- α . Thus, ROS production by Nox seems to have dichoto-mous functions during I/R: excessive production of ROS by Nox2 and Nox4 is detrimental whereas minimum production of ROS by either Nox2 or Nox4 is essential for adaptation. Hence, broad Nox suppression during I/R could be detrimental for the heart. Online Figure XVI A hypothetical model of the role of Nox2 and Nox4 in response to I/R. I/R induces ROS production by stimulating Nox2 and Nox4, leading to cytotoxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. Downregulation of Nox2 or Nox4 mildly suppresses ROS production and attenuates I/R injury. ROS from either Nox2 or Nox4 is essential for upregulation of HIF-1 (cid:3) and stimulation of glycolysis. Downregulation of both Nox2 and Nox4 strongly suppresses ROS production, and thereby downregulates HIF-1 (cid:3) and upregulates PPAR (cid:3) . A metabolic shift from glycolysis to FAO during I/R induces myocardial TG deposition, which leads to lipotoxicity. The presence of a physiological level of Nox-derived ROS protects the heart from I/R injury. PHD: prolyl hydroxylase, HIF-1 (cid:3) : hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (cid:3) , PPAR (cid:3) : peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a, MCAD: Medium-chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase
Labeled Leukocyte Imaging: Dawn of an Era

More than one hundred years after the discovery of penicillin, infection remains a major threat to humankind. In 2017, more than 8 million deaths and 400,000 years of life lost were due to infection, making it first in morbidity and third in mortality among human diseases (1). Diagnosing infection is challenging, and imaging studies are often used for confirmation, localization, and assessment of its extension. For nearly 50 years, beginning with Ga, molecular imaging has played an important role in the diagnosis of infection. Suboptimal imaging characteristics, the typical 48to 72-h delay between administration and imaging, and the inability of Ga to differentiate infection from inflammation, tumor, and trauma inspired the search for better agents (2). In the mid 1970s, the demonstration by Thakur et al. (3) that autologous leukocytes labeled in vitro with In-oxine could image infection in humans was a seminal event. The concept on which this test is based is simple: imaging of a physiologic process, the in vivo migration of radiolabeled leukocytes. Although the concept is simple, the execution is not and depends on several factors, including the imaging characteristics of the radionuclide, the label stability, and the labeled cell viability. Tritium, P, and Cr, which had been used to label leukocytes, provide data on leukocyte clearance from the blood but are not suitable for studying in vivo kinetics and distribution of leukocytes and cannot be used for localizing infection. In has -emissions 174 keV and 247 keV, which are suitable for imaging. Its 67-h half-life is sufficiently long to image leukocyte migration and accumulation (3). The label must be stable, and the labeled cells must be viable. Significant radionuclide elution from the cells would confound the interpretation of the test because it would not be possible to differentiate accumulation of labeled leukocytes from accumulation of other radiolabeled complexes or free radionuclide. Once inside the leukocyte, In binds to intracellular components Received May 15, 2020; revision accepted Jun. 4, 2020. For correspondence or reprints contact: Christopher J. Palestro, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 27005 76th Ave., New Hyde Park, NY 11040. E-mail: palestro@northwell.edu COPYRIGHT © 2020 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120. 249797
Geochemical and mineralogical properties of the Lower Callovian (Jurassic) Kellaways Sand, variations in trace element concentrations and implications for hydrogeological risk assessment

This paper provides details of the trace element and total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Lower Callovian Kellaways Sand. Heavy metals are associated with mineral phases such as pyrite, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, organic matter and clay minerals, and correlations are varied. Using a multi-disciplinary approach and geochemical comparisons it has been shown that the Kellaways Sand is particularly enriched in Cr. Cr concentration data suggest two separate components, one bound with Ni and MnO, and the other occurring as an accessory resistate phase Fe–Ti–Cr oxide (ulvöspinel) with up to 4.7 wt% Cr2O3. The closest correlations between matrices are Zn and Ni with Fe2O3; V, Ni, Rb and Ga with MnO, MgO and K2O; Ni and MnO with TOC; and Cd with Zn. Average concentrations for trace elements and TOC are generally enriched in both the Oxford and Kellaways clays. Variable concentrations of SO4 in associated groundwaters indicate that oxidation of FeS2 influences the ranges and concentrations of trace elements observed through Eh and pH controlled adsorption or desorption reactions. The natural and variable concentrations of the metals that also occur in associated groundwaters (including Hg, Cd, Ni, As and Pb) have important implications for the associated, risk-based hydrogeological assessments completed for landfill sites contained within the Oxford Clay, and affect the choice of priority determinants significantly for the monitoring control and trigger levels.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROPORTION OF CLUSTERED TUBERCULOSIS CASES IN GUATEMALA, CA: INSIGHTS FROM A MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY, 2010-2014

There is little information about the proportion of clustering of tuberculosis cases from low-income settings, which can represent ongoing transmission events. We investigated for the first time the proportion of clustered tuberculosis cases based on genotypic matching in Guatemala City, Guatemala between 2010 and 2014 and potential risk factors associated with these clustered cases in HIV-infected subjects. Moreover, the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis isolates in this country is presented.This study was a retrospective observational study conducted on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from HIV-infected and non-HIV infected tuberculosis cases that submitted samples to a referral tuberculosis laboratory in Guatemala City, Guatemala from 2010-2014. Genotyping results were compared with the international spoligotyping database, SITVIT2 and classified accordingly. We generated a spoligoforest using the MERCAT program. We categorized spoligotype patterns as clustered or non-clustered depending of their genotype and estimated the proportion of clustering and the recent transmission index (RTIn-1). We analyzed the crude association between demographic, clinical and behavioral variables and clustering in the HIV-population.From 2010 to 2014, a total of 479 patients were confirmed as tuberculosis cases by culture at the study site. Spoligotype patterns were available from 391 patients (82%), nine of them with two isolates included in the study. We detected 71 spoligotype patterns and overall, the most frequent spoligotyping families were LAM (39%), followed by T (22%), Haarlem (14%), X (13%), Unknown (6%) and Beijing (3%), representing 97% of the isolates. Out of the 400 isolates, 365 (91%) were grouped in 36 clusters (range: 2-92). The recent transmission index (RTIn-1) was 82%. Pulmonary tuberculosis was strongly associated with clustering in the 113 HIV-infected group with available data (OR=4.3, 95% CI 1.0-17.7). There might be high levels of ongoing transmission of M. tuberculosis in Guatemala City, Guatemala as indicated by clustering in a convenience sample. Among HIV-infected patients, clustering was more likely in pulmonary disease.
Influence of river channel geometry in stream flow modelling and guidelines for field investigation

Fully physics‐based, process‐level, distributed fluid flow and reactive transport hydrological models are rarely used in practice until recent years. These models are useful tools to help understand the fundamental physical, chemical, and biological processes that take place in nature. In this study, sensitivity analyses based on a mountain area river basin modelling study are performed to investigate the effect of river channel geometric characteristics on downstream water flow. Numerical experiments show that reduction in the river channel geometric measurement interval may not significantly affect the downstream water stage simulation as long as measurement accuracy at special nodes is guaranteed. The special upstream nodes include but are not limited to 1) nodes located close to the observation station, 2) nodes near the borders of different land covers with considerable riverbed roughness changes, 3) nodes at entering points of tributaries causing discharge jump and 4) nodes with a narrow cross‐section width that may control the flow conditions. This information provides guidelines for field investigation to efficiently obtain necessary geometric data for physics‐based hydrological modelling. It is especially useful in alpine areas such as the Tibetan Plateau where field investigation capability is limited under severe topography and climate condition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.