Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precaecal phosphorus digestibility of inorganic phosphate sources in male broilers

Abstract The aim of this study, comprising two experiments, was (1) to determine in Experiment 1 the relationship of incremental dietary P (phosphorus) content on precaecal digestible P in male broilers and (2) to determine in Experiment 2 the precaecal P digestibility of various inorganic P sources at marginal levels of P supply. In Experiment 1, a total of 260 male Ross 308 broilers were divided into groups of 10 birds per pen resulting in 8 replicates for treatment 1 and 6 replicates for treatments 2–4. Experimental diets were formulated to contain 4 incremental concentrations of digestible P by means of increasing concentrations of monocalcium phosphate (MCP). In the second experiment, 480-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were divided in groups of 12 birds per pen resulting in 16 replicates for the basal diet and 6 replicates for each test diet. A total of 4 inorganic P sources, MCP, monodicalcium phosphate (MDCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and defluorinated phosphate (DFP) were added to the basal diet to determine the precaecal P digestibility. Three of the 4 inorganic P sources (MCP, MDCP and DCP) represented a mix of batches from different producers. At the end of both experiments, the chyme of the posterior part of the small intestine was collected. Digestibility of P and Ca was determined using titanium dioxide as indigestible marker. In Experiment 1, a reduction in precaecal digestibility of P was observed above an estimated precaecal digestible dietary P concentration of 4.8 g/kg. The precaecal P digestibility of the tested inorganic P sources in Experiment 2 was 78.3% for MCP, 59.0% for DCP, 70.7% for MDCP and 31.5% for DFP.
Pilot Study on Treatment of Wastewater from an Ethylene Plant with Membrane Bioreactor Technology

Pilot studies were conducted with an anoxic/aerobic concept membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology and a hollow fiber Petro ® MBR system with capacity of 12 m 3 /d was operated continuously (24-hour) during the study. Trials on different membrane fluxes were conducted to obtain the sustainable flux while mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) was maintained at 9-11 g/L. The results of the MBR pilot trials showed that no obvious fouling of the membrane was found when the plant was operated at the flux of 12 L /m 2 /h (LMH) over 3 months and 15 LMH over one month during the pilot study. Design guidelines such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT), anoxic and aera- tion volume ratio, re-circulation flow rate and air scouring were obtained for a full-scale plant. It was concluded that treatment of wastewater from an ethylene plant without addition of any chemicals using MBR technology is feasible. The product quality consistently met the requirement for discharge and was suitable for the feed of further reverse osmosis (RO) post-treatment.
Real-Time Audio Watermarking with Wavetable Alternation in Digital Instrument

Musical performance with digital instruments has become a common practice today, and many digital instruments came to be used in Desk Top Music (DTM), live performance, etc. These performances are recorded as digital contents, and circulated actively through network and electronic media. However, the spread of digital contents causes the problem of illegal duplication and distribution, so that digital watermark has recently attracted much attention as a technology to solve this problem. In this report, we focus on a sound synthesized process in digital instruments, and propose a real-time watermark method. Certain watermarks are embedded in wavetables that include in our digital instruments, and the insertion of secret messages is actualized with wavetable switching. Additionally, embedded watermarks can be extracted from the acoustic signal. The proposed method is able to achieve a real-time watermark, i.e., both musical performance and the insertion of watermark can be actualized.
Micellar Extraction of Active Ingredients of Plant Raw Materials as a Tool for Improving the Quality of Diet Supplements and Additional Substances

The micellar extraction method (micellar mediated extraction (MME)) is an alternative method of classical extraction, which takes place with the participation of surfactants. In this method, instead of an organic solvent, a highly efficient solution of surfactants is used, which dissolves the desired component in hydrophobic micelles. Moreover, micellar extraction is often used for separating analytes from complex matrices, enriching analytes in environmental research, as well as for determining trace amounts of heavy metals or toxins in biological samples. The main goal of the presented study was to compare conventional extraction (using ethanol solutions) with micellar extraction (carried out with whey protein isolated (WPI) solutions and whey protein concentrated (WPC). The test material consisted of dried elderberry (Sambucus nigra) fruits. The comparison of the obtained extracts was performed by analyzing the contents of reducing compounds, flavonoid content, and the ability to reduce iron (III) ions in a system of three variables: Temperature, concentration and time. The obtained results clearly show that the factor influencing the efficiency of micellar extraction using WPC and WPI was time. The higher ability to reduce iron (III) ions was characterized by WPC protein extract as opposed to WPI extracts. The content of flavonoids in micellar extraction using protein extracts from WPC was higher than with the use of protein extracts from WPI.
[Backward disequilibrium in the elderly: review of symptoms and proposition of a tool for quantitative assessment].

PURPOSE Although there is currently no epidemiological data on backward disequilibrium, this disturbance of posture does not seem to be rare in frail elderly. ACTUALITIES AND STRONG POINTS Backward disequilibrium is characterized by the following criteria: the location of buttocks on the anterior side of the seat while the trunk rested at the back of the armchair in the sitting position; an inadequate forward of the trunk and a backward projection of the trunk outside the base of support during sit-to-stand; and a posterior projection of the center of mass outside the base of support in the standing position. Several pathological situations either somatic (degenerative, ischemic and traumatic brain lesions), psycho-somatic (psychomotor disadaptation syndrome, extended bed confining, non-use) or psychological (depression) affections can entail backward disequilibrium. Falls, loss of autonomy and the risk of the vicious circle with its causes are the main consequences of backward disequilibrium. PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS Although the geriatrician is familiarized with backward disequilibrium, there is no scale to quantify it. In this paper we review causes, consequences and management of backward disequilibrium, and in order to assess it, we propose a semi-quantitative scale, based on some activities of everyday living which are sitting position, sit-to-stand, back-to-sit and standing position. So, a backward disequilibrium score could be determined.
Selective staining by vital dyes of Müller glial cells in retinal wholemounts

Müller glial cells within the retina may respond to different signaling molecules with an elevation of their intracellular free calcium. To prove the localization of the recorded calcium responses in Müller cells within acutely isolated retinal wholemounts, retinal pieces from adult animals and humans were exposed to different vital dyes just after the calcium imaging records were finished. The dyes, Mitotracker Orange, Mitotracker Green, Celltracker Orange, Celltracker Green, and monochlorobimane, are all selectively taken up by Müller glial cells, while neuronal cells remain largely devoid of the dyes. By using this method, it can be demonstrated that the free calcium alterations within the wholemounts indeed occur within Müller cells. Moreover, the cross‐sectional areas of (dye‐filled) Müller glial cell bodies, as well as of (dye‐free) neuronal cell bodies, can be measured in retinal wholemounts, and the spatial densities of both types of cells can be determined. The vital dye loading of Müller cells may facilitate investigations of stimulus‐induced alterations of retinal glial cell physiology and morphology. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In-memory write-ahead logging for mobile smart devices with NVRAM

In recent years, ensuring the reliability of databases in battery-powered mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets has gained in importance, since most mobile applications use a lightweight embedded database. Write-ahead logging (WAL) has been one of the representative techniques in embedded databases to ensure their reliability. However, this technique causes additional data write overhead. Besides, the file system provides its own reliability technique and this may therefore cause duplicate overhead. Both types of overhead lead to the performance degradation of mobile applications and have an adverse effect on the user experience. This paper proposes an efficient in-memory write-ahead logging (IMWAL) technique for the embedded databases of mobile devices adopting nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). When a write operation for the embedded database is invoked, IMWAL assures that the new data in a mobile application are all written to the NVRAM as a write-ahead data log. This data log is reused to update the embedded database file by remapping the memory address and therefore it reduces the additional writes. With IMWAL, write operations can resume even after crashes occur in the mobile devices and ensure the reliability of the embedded database with performance improvement. To evaluate the proposed technique, it is implemented on the in-memory file system of a real mobile platform. Its performance is evaluated against original WAL-on mode and WAL-off mode with various experiments, including various benchmarks and real mobile application workloads. The results show that IMWAL performs 14% faster than the original WAL technique for embedded databases in real mobile devices on average1.
Parameterized Complexity of First-Order Logic

We show that if C is a class of graphs which is nowhere dense then rst-order model-checking is xed-parameter tractable on C. As all graph classes which exclude a xed minor, or are of bounded local tree-width or locally exclude a minor are nowhere dense, this generalises algorithmic meta-theorems obtained for these classes in the past (see [11, 13, 4]). Conversely, if C is not nowhere dense and in addition is closed under taking sub-graphs and satis es some e ectivity conditions then FO-model checking is not FPT on C unless FPT = AW[∗]. Hence, for classes of graphs closed under sub-graphs, this essentially gives a precise characterisation of classes for which FO model-checking is tractable. However, our result generalises to much more general classes of graphs. In particular we show that every class which can e ciently be coloured over a class with the type representation property allows tractable rstorder model-checking. Such classes include all classes which are nowhere dense and also all classes of bounded clique-width. This result therefore uni es all known meta-theorems for rst-order logic.
Discovery and evaluation of non-taxonomic relations in domain ontologies

The identification and labelling of non-hierarchical relations are among the most challenging tasks in ontology learning. This paper describes a bottom-up approach for automatically suggesting ontology link types. The presented method extracts verb-vectors from semantic relations identified in the domain corpus, aggregates them by computing centroids for known relation types, and stores the centroids in a central knowledge base. Comparing verb-vectors extracted from unknown relations with the stored centroids yields link type suggestions. Domain experts evaluate these suggestions, refining the knowledge base and constantly improving the component's accuracy. A final evaluation provides a detailed statistical analysis of the introduced approach.
Controlling the molecular motor of neutrophil chemotaxis

Our defence against microbes depends largely on the ability of neutrophils to migrate from the blood stream to sites of infection. Although the ability of animal cells to move may be primitive, and also fundamental for a number of phenomena in biology, the cellular mechanism by which neutrophils are able to move rapidly towards the infection remains an enigma. Even though the structures of the receptors involved have been sequenced and many of the molecules involved in neutrophil adherence and traction identified, the essential mechanisms that control and regulate the neutrophil motor remain obscure. Here, an outline of the fundamental inadequacies in our current understanding is given, along with some recent developments that promise to produce some significant advances.
Learning as MAP Inference in Discrete Graphical Models

We present a new formulation for binary classification. Instead of relying on convex losses and regularizers such as in SVMs, logistic regression and boosting, or instead non-convex but continuous formulations such as those encountered in neural networks and deep belief networks, our framework entails a non-convex but discrete formulation, where estimation amounts to finding a MAP configuration in a graphical model whose potential functions are low-dimensional discrete surrogates for the misclassification loss. We argue that such a discrete formulation can naturally account for a number of issues that are typically encountered in either the convex or the continuous non-convex approaches, or both. By reducing the learning problem to a MAP inference problem, we can immediately translate the guarantees available for many inference settings to the learning problem itself. We empirically demonstrate in a number of experiments that this approach is promising in dealing with issues such as severe label noise, while still having global optimality guarantees. Due to the discrete nature of the formulation, it also allows for direct regularization through cardinality-based penalties, such as the l0 pseudo-norm, thus providing the ability to perform feature selection and trade-off interpretability and predictability in a principled manner. We also outline a number of open problems arising from the formulation.
Signalling pathways in vascular endothelium activated by shear stress: relevance to atherosclerosis

Major advances in our understanding of how endothelial cells sense and respond to haemodynamic forces and, more specifically, to fluid shear stress have been achieved during the past 3 years. These include definition of potential shear stress receptors and multiple signalling pathways that mediate shear stress regulation of gene expression. A few studies have also pointed to the unique effects of complex shear stress on endothelial activation, thus leading to better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
Refractive index tomography of myelinating glial cells

Refractive index tomography as an emerging technique enables the 3D morphological investigation of cells with no marker. Here, refractive index tomographic imaging of myelinating glial cells is presented. Myelin as a signal insulation layer around an axon is formed by the wrapping of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes. Microscopic investigation of myelination traditionally requires fluorescent markers. Glial cells generally wrap the axon for more than ten layers. This multilayer formation has alternating and uniform layers of protein and lipid. Earlier studies on the structure of the myelin sheath have shown that the thickness period is lower than 20nm including the thickness of the extracellular medium after each layer. Direct observation of an individual layer is not possible (using classical microscopy techniques) due to dimensions being very small compared to the wavelength of the illumination light. However, periodic nature of the layers enables the differentiation of a myelinated axon from an unmyelinated one. Rapid change of the integrated refractive index and the Bragg fiber like structure alters the transmission behavior as a function of wavelength and incidence angle. With the 3D sectioning capability of refractive index tomography, these features can be easily identified.
Spectral Clustering for a Large Data Set by Reducing the Similarity Matrix Size

Spectral clustering is a powerful clustering method for document data set. However, spectral clustering needs to solve an eigenvalue problem of the matrix converted from the similarity matrix corresponding to the data set. Therefore, it is not practical to use spectral clustering for a large data set. To overcome this problem, we propose the method to reduce the similarity matrix size. First, using k-means, we obtain a clustering result for the given data set. From each cluster, we pick up some data, which are near to the central of the cluster. We take these data as one data. We call this data set as committee. Data except for committees remain one data. For these data, we construct the similarity matrix. Definitely, the size of this similarity matrix is reduced so much that we can perform spectral clustering using the reduced similarity matrix.
CMU System Combination via Hypothesis Selection for WMT’10

This paper describes the CMU entry for the system combination shared task at WMT'10. Our combination method is hypothesis selection, which uses information from n-best lists from the input MT systems, where available. The sentence level features used are independent from the MT systems involved. Compared to the baseline we added source-to-target word alignment based features and trained system weights to our feature set. We combined MT systems for French - English and German - English using provided data only.
Understanding Asphalt Concrete Aging Using Nanoindentation

Asphalt concrete (AC) is created by mixing liquid asphalt binder with solid aggregates. When asphalt binder is mixed with aggregates, it creates a thin film (about 7-16 microns thick) around the aggregate surface. Fine aggregate (smaller than 0.075 mm size) get entrapped within the binder film or mixed with the binder, and create a phase called mastic. Both asphalt film and mastic play significant roles in aging of asphalt pavement. To this day, tests were performed mainly on the bulk liquid asphalt, but not on the film or mastic. In this study, for the first time, nanoindentation tests were done on asphalt film and mastic to identify the aging behavior of asphalt. This study identifies aggregate, binder film and mastic phases using indentation depth resolution and creep response techniques. Creep compliance response is used to identify an individual phase. The results show that out of 100 indentations, only 30% of the indentations could be made on the mastic phase of the AC and about 5% to 9% could be made on the binder phase of the AC. The identification study confirmed that the binder phase also exists in an AC sample.
Elastic-Plastic Thermal and Residual Stress Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joint

In this work, an elastic-plastic thermal and residual stress analysis were performed for adhesively bonded single lap joint. For this purpose, thermoplastic composite adherents were bonded to each other with epoxy adhesive. Thermoplastic composite material was reinforced by steel-fibres, unidirectionally. Finite element method (FEM) was preferred to obtain thermal elastic and elastic-plastic stress distributions on single lap joint. Accordingly, modelling and solution processes were achieved using ANSYS software. So as to determine effects of uniform temperature loadings on thermal and residual stresses, different values of it were loaded on the joint, uniformly. Briefly, both thermal and residual thermal stresses were calculated under uniform temperature loading which was selected from 40 °C to 80 °C. According to obtained results different thermal expansion coefficients of composite adherents and adhesive layer caused thermal and residual stresses on adhesively bonded single lap joint due to applied uniform temperature loadings. Thermal stress values for x and y-directions are very different from each other owing to orthotropic material properties of thermoplastic composite. The magnitudes of elastic analyses results are higher than elastic-plastic analysis results. Contrary to elastic analysis results, elastic-plastic analysis results were nonlinear. Thermal and residual stresses are increased by increasing uniform temperature values, so the highest values were calculated when 80 °C. The plastic yielding was firstly come into being for 50 °C loading and it is expanded related to raising thermal loadings as nonlinear.
Adaptive strategies of African horse sickness virus to facilitate vector transmission

African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is an orbivirus that is usually transmitted between its equid hosts by adult Culicoides midges. In this article, we review the ways in which AHSV may have adapted to this mode of transmission. The AHSV particle can be modified by the pH or proteolytic enzymes of its immediate environment, altering its ability to infect different cell types. The degree of pathogenesis in the host and vector may also represent adaptations maximising the likelihood of successful vectorial transmission. However, speculation upon several adaptations for vectorial transmission is based upon research on related viruses such as bluetongue virus (BTV), and further direct studies of AHSV are required in order to improve our understanding of this important virus.
Sampling Associated with a Unitary Representation of a Semi-Direct Product of Groups: A Filter Bank Approach

An abstract sampling theory associated with a unitary representation of a countable discrete non abelian group G, which is a semi-direct product of groups, on a separable Hilbert space is studied. A suitable expression of the data samples, the use of a filter bank formalism and the corresponding frame analysis allow for fixing the mathematical problem to be solved: the search of appropriate dual frames for ℓ 2 ( G ) . An example involving crystallographic groups illustrates the obtained results by using either average or pointwise samples.
The coming of ramucirumab in the landscape of anti-angiogenic drugs: potential clinical and translational perspectives

Introduction: Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of tumors and it represents a crucial target for therapeutic strategies. Until now, regulatory agencies approved antiangiogenic agents targeting the VEGF and multi-target agents carrying antiangiogenic and anti-proliferative effects. They often provide only a modest survival benefit and their role in clinical practice is debated. The limited efficacy may be partially explained by the complexity of the molecular background of angiogenic processes, composed of several pathways interacting with both tumor cells and the microenvironment. Areas covered: Ramucirumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody selectively binding and inhibiting the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), a crucial molecule involved in angiogenesis. A series of Phase I–II trials conducted in a wide spectrum of malignancies reported promising antitumor activity. In 2014, data from large Phase III clinical trials in gastrointestinal, lung and breast malignancies were released. Expert opinion: Considering the evidences of efficacy emerging from the available Phase III trials, the antiangiogenic approach emerged as a promising strategy particularly for the treatment of gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the identification and validation of potentially predictive biomarkers are necessary to improve the selection of patients and the globally awaited clinical benefit.