Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sharing and evaluation of a new community co-management model for protecting Crested Ibis:a case study of Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve,China

The Crested Ibis(Nipponia Nippon) is endemic to Qinling Mountains of China and was once abundant over vast areas of north-east of Asia habitat.During the 20th century,however,the population declined greatly in numbers.Habitat quality used to be the main threat to this species but recent actions by the government and wildlife protection organizations have brought this under control.With the establishment of Crested Ibis Nature Reserve in China,conflicts between socio-economic development and Crested Ibis conservation have become more acute.How do we deal with the relation between Crested Ibis conservation and community development? In this study,the Crested Ibis Nature Reserve co-management model namely "companies + farmers + Nature Reserve" model is proposed and evaluated with demonstration investigation methods,including continuous six-year fixed-site socio-economic development data of surrounding community,company sales revenue data and monitored data of Crested Ibis Nature Reserve.The results show that farmers' income and conservation awareness increased greatly from 2003 to 2008;company sales revenue has increased by about 20% annually in the recent years;management level has noticeably improved in Nature Reserve,the scope of Crested Ibis habitat has expanded 50 hm2;chemical composition of habitat reduced year after year;and the number of Crested Ibis had been growing annually.At the end,the success of the model is evaluated,and problems in implementation of the model are discussed from the following aspects:management system,co-management concept,economic base of partners,marketing mechanism,technical capacity and so on.
Micrometeorological and leaf‐level measurements of isoprene emissions from a southern African savanna

through the morning hours, with midday fluxes averaging 0.34 mg m � 2 h � 1 and a maximum measured flux of approximately 1.0 mg m � 2 h � 1 . Consistent with these low fluxes, leaf enclosure measurements of woody species within the tower footprint determined that only one isoprene-emitting species, Acacia nigrescens, was present in significant numbers, comprising less than 10% of the woody biomass. Combining enclosure data with species composition and leaf area index data from the site, we estimated that the isoprene emission capacity of the vegetation within the vicinity of the tower was very low, approximately 0.47 mg m � 2 h � 1 , and patchy. Under these circumstances, low and variable fluxes are expected. Additional leaf enclosure measurements, for a total of 121 species, were made at other locations, and approximately 35% of the species was found to emit significant amounts of isoprene. Important isoprene emitting plant families included Caesalpinaceae, Mimosaceae, Papilionaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Myrtaceae. Twelve members of the important savanna genus Acacia were measured, of which five species, all belonging in Subgenus Aculeiferum, Section Aculeiferum, were found to emit significant amounts of isoprene. In contrast, the plant family, Combretaceae, dominant in many savanna ecosystems, was found to contain no species which emit isoprene. INDEX TERMS: 0315 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Biosphere/atmosphere interactions; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 1615 Global Change: Biogeochemical processes (4805) Citation: Harley, P., L. Otter, A. Guenther, and J. Greenberg, Micrometeorological and leaf-level measurements of isoprene emissions from a southern African savanna, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8468, doi:10.1029/2002JD002592, 2003.
Time scale ovarian maturation in Greenland halibut

In this paper possible evidence of a prolonged ovarian development phase in Greenland halibut is presented. The reproductive cycle in this species has been originally described based on the assumption that this phase should last about one year. The results of several years of analysis showed that there is more than one year between the mean age of females at the onset of the ovarian development and the mean age of actually spawning females. Two possible interpretations of this fact are discussed: the ovarian development phase (vitellogenesis) could last more than one year, and individual spawning does not necessarily occur on an annual basis as a consequence, or the incidence of non-spawning females every year could be very high. Both possibilities have important implications for the species’ reproductive potential and stock dynamics of this valuable deep water resource.
Software Component Technology Group Master Thesis Implementing a Universe Type System for Scala

The Universe type system is based on the concept of ownership where every object has at most one owner object. It structures the object store using different contexts, which are sets of objects with the same owner, and restricts how references can be passed and used. When enforcing the owneras-modifier property, the Universe type system guarantees that any modification of an object can only be initiated by its owner object. Scala is a multi-paradigm programming language combining features of object-oriented and functional languages. It supports compiler plugins and annotations on types which allows the implementation of additional type constraints such as those imposed by the Universe type system. This thesis presents an implementation of the Universe type system for Scala. The implementation supports a subset of the Scala language. It provides two compiler plugins for the Scala compiler and a set of annotations for the use in programs. One plugin performs the static Universe type checks and the other plugin inserts additional runtime checks during compilation.
The Differential cross section distribution of Drell-Yan dielectron pairs in the z boson mass region

We report on a measurement of the rapidity distribution, d{sigma}/dy, for Z=Drell-Yan {yields} ee events produced in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. The data sample consists of 2.13 fb{sup -1} corresponding to about 160,000 Z/Drell-Yan {yields} ee candidates in the Z boson mass region collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The d{sigma}/dy distribution, which is measured over the full kinematic range for e{sup +}e{sup -} pairs in the invariant mass range 66 < M{sub ee} < 116 GeV/c{sup 2}, is compared with theory predictions. There is good agreement between the data and predictions of Quantum Chromodynamics in Next to Leading Order with the CTEQ6.1M Parton Distribution Functions.
Towards tractable agent-based dialogue

This thesis describes research which attempts to remove some of the barriers to creating true conversational agents---autonomous agents which can communicate with humans in natural language. First, in order to help bridge the gap between research in the natural language and agents communities, we define a model of agent-agent collaborative problem solving which formalizes agent communication at the granularity of human communication. We then augment the model to define an agent-based model of dialogue, which is able to describe a much wider range of dialogue phenomena than plan-based models. The model also defines a declarative representation of communicative intentions for individual utterances. Recognition of these intentions from utterances will require an augmentation of already intractable plan and intention recognition algorithms. The second half of the thesis describes research in applying statistical corpus-based methods to goal recognition, a special case of plan recognition. Because of the paucity of data in the plan recognition community, we have generated two corpora in distinct domains. We also define an algorithm which can stochastically generate artificial corpora to be used in learning. We then describe and evaluate fast statistical algorithms for both flat and hierarchical recognition of goal schemas and their parameter values. The recognition algorithms are more scalable than previous work and are able to recognize goal parameter values as well as schemas.
Comparative Reliability Analysis of AODV and DSR Protocols in VANET using ESTINET Simulator

Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) is an emerging field of networks which enables inter-vehicle communication. Reliability is one of the most important factors in VANET. Many times, the messages exchanged between the vehicles are emergency messages. It is very important that such emergency messages reach concerned vehicles in time otherwise the consequences might be disastrous. In this paper we study and compare reliability of two important protocols - AODV and DSR using ESTINET simulator in different traffic density scenarios. Finally we conclude which protocol performs better in different scenarios. VANET is a part of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET), but with different requirements. Different requirements emerge due to different environmental conditions like high mobility and varying vehicle densities. However, since both are related to mobile communication, MANET protocols like AODV (2) and DSR (3) can be applied to VANET as well. Handshakes and acknowledgements are avoided in VANET because communication in VANET is generally very short and may last a few seconds or even microseconds. So it's very important that more and more messages get delivered in time, even without any support for acknowledgement. Vehicle density is a major factor affecting the delivery of messages. Low and high density scenarios may have a higher packet loss as compared to moderate traffic density conditions. This is because in low density scenario, vehicles might rarely be in each other's range whereas in high traffic density there is too much interference leading to high packet loss.
Investigation of the projected impacts of climate change on the hydrology of Labrador's Churchill river basin using multi-model ensembles

This manuscript thesis presents four stand-alone papers which all contribute to the investigation of projected impacts of climate change on the hydrology of Labrador’s Churchill River Basin. The overarching goal of this undertaking was to provide useful information to Nalcor Energy, a hydroelectric developer, regarding the change in the amount and timing of water in the Churchill River between a base period (1971-2000) and a future period (2041-2070). Three separate multi-model approaches used data from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program to look at the impacts of climate change on the Churchill River: (i) Bias-corrected precipitation and temperature data forced a hydrologic model to investigate the changes in mean daily streamflow for the Pinus River, a subbasin of the Churchill River; (ii) A new approach (dubbed “fullstream analysis”) took advantage of the full range of simulated hydrological variables from each ensemble member and was used to study the expected changes in mean annual runoff of the entire basin, and; (iii) Weighted multi-model ensembles examined the simulated impacts of climate change on mean monthly runoff for the entire basin. Several results were common across the various approaches. Ensemble mean annual increases in runoff were found to be similar, between 8.9% and 14.6%. Further to this, an increase in cold-season runoff amounts, an earlier onset of the spring melt (though not necessarily a larger spring melt) and no discernable change in the late summer and early fall runoff were found. In an effort to further understand sources of error and uncertainty of the climate models used, water balances were investigated and the annual cycle of residuals quantified. Residual magnitudes varied widely between months and models and were dependent on whether one examined atmospheric or terrestrial balances. Water balance residuals remained relatively consistent between time periods implying they are systemic and not climate dependent.
A 7000-Year Record of Environmental Change, Bear Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA

Few long-term records of the fire history of Rocky Mountain National Park exist. Data from a lake sediment core was used to reconstruct changes in vegetation and fire frequencies over the last 7000 cal yr. Bear Lake is a high-elevation lake surrounded by subalpine vegetation in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Pollen data indicate that a warm and dry climate prevailed between ca. 7000 and 5000 cal yr BP. Temperatures increased until shortly before ca. 3500 cal yr BP when evidence for a marked decline is seen. Cooler-than-present conditions were maintained until ca. 1700 cal yr BP, when conditions transitioned to more like those of the present-day climate. Based on macroscopic charcoal analyses, fire frequency had varied between two and five episodes per 1000 years. The largest peak in charcoal was at ca. 590 cal yr BP. The fire return interval has varied with climate over time; however, we calculate a fire return interval of 325 years over the past 7000 years. Given these results, fire activity is likely to increase under current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate projections of an increase in annual temperatures.
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantations: Past, present and future

Since the first successful attempt in 1985, peripheral blood stem cell transplants are increasingly performed worldwide and should now be considered as an essential therapeutic weapon against onco‐hematological diseases. Their development has benefited greatly from a rapid concomitant advance of experimental knowledge regarding the nature of hematopoietic progenitor cells. For this reason and also for technical ones, until now these transplants generally have been autotransplants. Although one of the main reasons to use blood rather than bone marrow‐derived stem cells was that they might carry less risk of relapse than autologous bone marrow cells, the lack of clinical randomized trials and/or the short follow‐up make conclusions difficult so far in terms of disease‐free and overall survival. Probably the risk of relapse also depends on the type of disease, on prior chemotherapies, on the type of peripheral stem cell mobilization regimen and on the number of blood‐derived cells transplanted. Nevertheless, there are several major clinical indications for autologous blood stem cell transplant: acute non‐lymphoblastic leukemias (ANLL), low‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, multiple myeloma, some solid tumors, and even chronic myeloid leukemia. Now well‐demonstrated advantages add a socioeconomic interest to this technique. The speed of post‐transplant hematopoietic recovery induces a briefer hospital‐ization and a lower cost of the procedure, which represents “per se” important progress. Furthermore, the increasing use of hematopoietic growth factor(s) at time of blood‐derived cell mobilization should increase the safety of the procedure. Also new trends are currently being developed: autotransplants with purified peripheral CD34+ cells; addition of adjuvant immunotherapy to induce graft‐versus‐tumor effect, which is lacking in autotransplant; and transplants using allogenic umbilical cord blood progenitors. Allogenic blood cell transplants might also be developed, provided that blood cells would be less likely to cause graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) than bone marrow, which is still not verified. Finally, the use of blood‐derived cells as a vehicle for gene therapy should develop greatly in the near future.
The Teleseismic Tomography Experiment in the Eifel Region, Central Europe: Design and First Results

The Eifel region is a mountain range belonging to the Rhenish Massif in central Europe. It is located in western Germany close to France, Luxembourg, and Belgium. The volcanic fields in the East Eifel and West Eifel (Figure 1) evolved in the last 600 ka, and the last eruptions occurred only 11-12 ka B.P. Twenty kilometers northwest of Koblenz the Laacher See volcano erupted at least 5 km3 of phonolitic magma (Bogaard and Schmincke, 1985) 12.2 ka ago—an amount that is comparable to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. The intraplate volcanism in the Eifel region and the existence of further Tertiary volcanic fields in central Europe led Duncan et al. (1972) to the hypothesis that there is a hotspot track over an “Eifel plume. ” Although the concept of this hotspot track is no longer accepted, various anomalies in the upper mantle support the existence of a mantle plume. Raikes and Bonjer (1983) revealed a low-velocity anomaly (∼-3%) at 50 km to 200 km depth beneath the Eifel region using teleseismic tomography. More recent tomographic images also contain a low-velocity zone in the upper 200 km of the mantle (Spakman et al., 1991; Passier and Snieder, 1997). Goes et al. (1999) proposed a deep magma source in the lower mantle based on global tomography. Meyer and Stets (1998) found evidence for up to 250 m uplift during the last 800 ka. Mineralogical and petrological studies indicate that the source of the magma is at least at 90 km depth. To obtain a detailed model of the processes in the upper mantle beneath the Eifel region a European interdisciplinary initiative was started. The scientific aim of the seismological contribution was to use all available techniques, such as high-resolution tomography, receiver functions, shear-wave splitting analysis, and crustal studies, to image the crust and …
Self-Supervised Representation Learning on Neural Network Weights for Model Characteristic Prediction

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been shown to learn useful and information-preserving representations. Neural Networks (NNs) are widely applied, yet their weight space is still not fully understood. Therefore, we propose to use SSL to learn hyper-representations of the weights of populations of NNs. To that end, we introduce domain speciﬁc data augmentations and an adapted attention architecture. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that self-supervised representation learning in this domain is able to recover diverse NN model characteristics. Further, we show that the proposed learned representations outperform prior work for predicting hyper-parameters, test accuracy, and generalization gap as well as transfer to out-of-distribution settings. Code and datasets are publicly available 1 .
Effect of local anesthesia on postoperative pain and hemostasis after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia in pediatric patients: a randomized control trial

Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of local anesthesia (LA) on postoperative pain and hemostasis after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia (DRGA) in pediatric patients. Methods A total of 43 patients, aged 3–7 years and rated ASA I or II, who had a definitely negative rating on Frankel's behavior rating scale, were included in this two-arm, parallel-design, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study. The patients were allocated equally into two main groups receiving both restorative treatments and tooth extractions. Two pain scales and one bleeding scale were used. In Group A, the treatment was done with LA, and in Group B, the treatment was done without LA. Results The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the pain scores between the groups. It also revealed significant differences in the bleeding scores between the groups but no significant differences in the duration of bleeding. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, the use of LA in pediatric dental patients undergoing DRGA had no effects on postoperative pain reduction or bleeding duration after teeth extraction. We also observed that the use of LA had an impact on the reduction in the bleeding scores in pediatric dental patients undergoing DRGA.
Fire weather index system components for large fires in the Canadian boreal forest

Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System components and head fire intensities were calculated for fires greater than 2 km 2 in size for the boreal and taiga ecozones of Canada from 1959 to 1999. The highest noon- hour values were analysed that occurred during the first 21 days of each of 9333 fires. Depending on ecozone, the means of the FWI System parameters ranged from: fine fuel moisture code (FFMC), 90 to 92 (82 to 96 for individual fires); duff moisture code (DMC), 38 to 78 (10 to 140 for individual fires); drought code (DC), 210 to 372 (50 to 600 for individual fires); and fire weather index, 20 to 33 (5 to 60 for individual fires). Fine fuel moisture code decreased, DMC had a mid-season peak, and DC increased through the fire season. Mean head fire intensities ranged from 10 to 28 MW m −1 in the boreal spruce fuel type, showing that most large fires exhibit crown fire behaviour. Intensities of individual fires can exceed 60 MW m −1 . Most FWI System parameters did not show trends over the 41-year period because of large inter-annual variability. A changing climate is expected to create future weather conditions more conducive to fire throughout much of Canada but clear changes have not yet occurred.
Electroencephalograph Emotion Classification Using a Novel Adaptive Ensemble Classifier Considering Personality Traits

Introduction: The study explores the use of Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals as a means to uncover various states of the human brain, with a specific focus on emotion classification. Despite the potential of EEG signals in this domain, existing methods face challenges. Features extracted from EEG signals may not accurately represent an individual's emotional patterns due to interference from time-varying factors and noise. Additionally, higher-level cognitive factors, such as personality, mood, and past experiences, further complicate emotion recognition. The dynamic nature of EEG data in terms of time series introduces variability in feature distribution and interclass discrimination across different time stages. Methods: To address these challenges, the paper proposes a novel adaptive ensemble classification method. The study introduces a new method for providing emotional stimuli, categorizing them into three groups (sadness, neutral, and happiness) based on their valence-arousal (VA) scores. The experiment involved 60 participants aged 19–30 years, and the proposed method aimed to mitigate the limitations associated with conventional classifiers. Results: The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the performance of emotion classifiers compared to conventional methods. The classification accuracy achieved by the proposed adaptive ensemble classification method is reported at 87.96%. This suggests a promising advancement in the ability to accurately classify emotions using EEG signals, overcoming the limitations outlined in the introduction. Conclusion: In conclusion, the paper introduces an innovative approach to emotion classification based on EEG signals, addressing key challenges associated with existing methods. By employing a new adaptive ensemble classification method and refining the process of providing emotional stimuli, the study achieves a noteworthy improvement in classification accuracy. This advancement is crucial for enhancing our understanding of the complexities of emotion recognition through EEG signals, paving the way for more effective applications in fields such as neuroinformatics and affective computing.