Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recombinant GPVI-Fc added to single or dual antiplatelet therapy in vitro prevents plaque-induced platelet thrombus formation

Summary The efficiency of current dual antiplatelet therapy might be further improved by its combination with a glycoprotein (GP) VI-targeting strategy without increasing bleeding. GPVI-Fc, a recombinant dimeric fusion protein binding to plaque collagen and concealing binding sites for platelet GPVI, acts as a lesion-focused antiplatelet drug, and does not increase bleeding in vivo. We investigated, whether GPVI-Fc added in vitro on top of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor, and the fibrinogen receptor antagonist abciximab alone or in combination would increase inhibition of platelet activation by atherosclerotic plaque. Under static conditions, GPVI-Fc inhibited plaque-induced platelet aggregation by 53%, and increased platelet inhibition by ASA (51%) and ticagrelor (64%) to 66% and 80%, respectively. Under arterial flow, GPVI-Fc inhibited plaque-induced platelet aggregation by 57%, and significantly increased platelet inhibition by ASA (28%) and ticagrelor (47%) to about 81% each. The triple combination of GPVI-Fc, ASA and ticagrelor achieved almost complete inhibition of plaque-induced platelet aggregation (93%). GPVI-Fc alone or in combination with ASA or ticagrelor did not increase closure time measured by the platelet function analyzer (PFA)-200. GPVI-Fc added on top of abciximab, a clinically used anti-fibrinogen receptor antibody which blocks platelet aggregation, strongly inhibited total (81%) and stable (89%) platelet adhesion. We conclude that GPVI-Fc added on top of single or dual antiplatelet therapy with ASA and/or a P2Y12 antagonist is likely to improve anti-atherothrombotic protection without increasing bleeding risk. In contrast, the strong inhibition of platelet adhesion by GPVI-Fc in combination with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors could be harmful. Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Gregory Y. H. Lip, Editor in Chief. Supplementary Material to this article is available at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization with Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons

Indoor wireless localization using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons has attracted considerable attention after the release of the BLE protocol. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that uses the combination of channel-separate polynomial regression model (PRM), channel-separate fingerprinting (FP), outlier detection and extended Kalman filtering (EKF) for smartphone-based indoor localization with BLE beacons. The proposed algorithm uses FP and PRM to estimate the target’s location and the distances between the target and BLE beacons respectively. We compare the performance of distance estimation that uses separate PRM for three advertisement channels (i.e., the separate strategy) with that use an aggregate PRM generated through the combination of information from all channels (i.e., the aggregate strategy). The performance of FP-based location estimation results of the separate strategy and the aggregate strategy are also compared. It was found that the separate strategy can provide higher accuracy; thus, it is preferred to adopt PRM and FP for each BLE advertisement channel separately. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness of the algorithm, a two-level outlier detection mechanism is designed. Distance and location estimates obtained from PRM and FP are passed to the first outlier detection to generate improved distance estimates for the EKF. After the EKF process, the second outlier detection algorithm based on statistical testing is further performed to remove the outliers. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by various field experiments. Results show that the proposed algorithm achieved the accuracy of <2.56 m at 90% of the time with dense deployment of BLE beacons (1 beacon per 9 m), which performs 35.82% better than <3.99 m from the Propagation Model (PM) + EKF algorithm and 15.77% more accurate than <3.04 m from the FP + EKF algorithm. With sparse deployment (1 beacon per 18 m), the proposed algorithm achieves the accuracies of <3.88 m at 90% of the time, which performs 49.58% more accurate than <8.00 m from the PM + EKF algorithm and 21.41% better than <4.94 m from the FP + EKF algorithm. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is especially useful to improve the localization accuracy in environments with sparse beacon deployment.
International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering a Neural Technique for Classification of Intercepted E-mail Communications with Multilayer Perceptron Using Bpa with Lms Learning

Electronic mail (e-mail) is a very convenient ways for communicating over the Internet. With the rapid growth in Internet usage, the convenience of sending emails with zero cost and almost no delay and has led to increasing popularity of emails. Unfortunately, the facility is increasingly used for planning notorious activities by negative elements. Hence, the technical community is thinking and researching deeply into surveillance of communications. Many techniques have been developed for interception at the physical layer protocol level of the OSI model, but not much at the higher layers to classify the intercepted mails. But hardly any systems have yet been developed for proper and fast classification of intercepted mails into generalized categories. So, even if untoward mails are intercepted in time, the specific ones get overlooked, and no good can be done by just intercepting them. At most they can be used at prosecution stage, but not for the prevention of the planned notorious acts. Classification techniques based on keywords have been developed, but if the list of keywords is fixed, they are easy to overcome using substituted words etc. In this paper, we propose a multilayer feed-forward neural network based e-mail classification system that applies the BPA (Backward Propagation Algorithm) using LMS approach (Least Mean Squared Error) to classify intercepted messages. The inference engine has classified the mail database into various categories, attaining up to 95% accuracy. Here we use automatic real time generation of keywords on a continuous basis, thus adapting to the changing keywords used, even though they may be cleverly substituted. Further, as the whole technique uses a self learning approach, it does not depend on the language used. I. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of the Internet, E-mail has become one of the most efficient and convenient ways to communicate. But, the increasing popularity and low cost of sending an e-mail make it very attractive to negative elements. They use it to plan incidents. Content based filters exist for categorizing spam, but we need effective and fast techniques for identifying suspicious messages among intercepted communication at a fast enough speed to avoid the occurrence of untoward incidents. It is very simple to physically intercept mails, but the sheer numbers of such intercepted communications make it almost impossible to check each one for contents in time to prevent incidents from happening. Existing content-based filters are categorized as rule-based, keyword based and learning based. The …
Genomic Analysis Reveals a Common Breakpoint in Amplifications of the Plasmodium vivax Multidrug Resistance 1 Locus in Thailand

In regions of coendemicity for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax where mefloquine is used to treat P. falciparum infection, drug pressure mediated by increased copy numbers of the multidrug resistance 1 gene (pvmdr1) may select for mefloquine-resistant P. vivax. Surveillance is not undertaken routinely owing in part to methodological challenges in detection of gene amplification. Using genomic data on 88 P. vivax samples from western Thailand, we identified pvmdr1 amplification in 17 isolates, all exhibiting tandem copies of a 37.6–kilobase pair region with identical breakpoints. A novel breakpoint-specific polymerase chain reaction assay was designed to detect the amplification. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, identifying amplifications in 13 additional, polyclonal infections. Application to 132 further samples identified the common breakpoint in all years tested (2003–2015), with a decline in prevalence after 2012 corresponding to local discontinuation of mefloquine regimens. Assessment of the structure of pvmdr1 amplification in other geographic regions will yield information about the population-specificity of the breakpoints and underlying amplification mechanisms.
Central auditory disorders: toward a neuropsychology of auditory objects.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Analysis of the auditory environment, source identification and vocal communication all require efficient brain mechanisms for disambiguating, representing and understanding complex natural sounds as 'auditory objects'. Failure of these mechanisms leads to a diverse spectrum of clinical deficits. Here we review current evidence concerning the phenomenology, mechanisms and brain substrates of auditory agnosias and related disorders of auditory object processing. RECENT FINDINGS Analysis of lesions causing auditory object deficits has revealed certain broad anatomical correlations: deficient parsing of the auditory scene is associated with lesions involving the parieto-temporal junction, while selective disorders of sound recognition occur with more anterior temporal lobe or extra-temporal damage. Distributed neural networks have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of such disorders as developmental dyslexia, congenital amusia and tinnitus. Auditory category deficits may arise from defective interaction of spectrotemporal encoding and executive and mnestic processes. Dedicated brain mechanisms are likely to process specialized sound objects such as voices and melodies. SUMMARY Emerging empirical evidence suggests a clinically relevant, hierarchical and modular neuropsychological model of auditory object processing that provides a framework for understanding auditory agnosias and makes specific predictions to direct future work.
Prototype formation in autism: Can individuals with autism abstract facial prototypes?

Prototype formation is a critical skill for category learning. Research suggests that individuals with autism may have a deficit in prototype formation of some objects; however, results are mixed. This study used a natural category, faces, to further examine prototype formation in high‐functioning individuals with autism. High‐functioning children (age 8–13 years) and adults with autism (age 17–53 years) and matched controls were tested in a facial prototype formation task that has been used to test prototype formation abilities in typically developing infants and adults [Strauss, 1979 ]. Participants were familiarized to a series of faces depicting subtle variations in the spatial distance of facial features, and were then given a forced choice familiarity test between the mean prototype and the mode prototype. Overall, individuals in the autism group were significantly less likely to select the mean prototype face. Even though the children with autism showed this difference in prototype formation, this pattern was driven primarily by the adults, because the adults with autism were approximately four times less likely to select the mean prototype than were the control adults. These results provide further evidence that individuals with autism have difficulty abstracting subtle spatial information that is necessary not only for the formation of a mean prototype, but also for categorizing faces and objects.
Sleep deprivation elevates expectation of gains and attenuates response to losses following risky decisions.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Using a gambling task, we investigated how 24 hours of sleep deprivation modulates the neural response to the making of risky decisions with potentially loss-bearing outcomes. DESIGN Two experiments involving sleep-deprived subjects were performed. In the first, neural responses to decision making and reward outcome were evaluated. A second control experiment evaluated responses to reward outcome only. PARTICIPANTS Healthy right-handed adults participated in these experiments (26 [mean age 21.3 years] in Experiment 1 and 13 [mean age 21.7 years] in Experiment 2.) MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Following sleep deprivation, choices involving higher relative risk elicited greater activation in the right nucleus accumbens, signifying an elevated expectation of the higher reward once the riskier choice was made. Concurrently, activation for losses in the insular and orbitofrontal cortices was reduced, denoting a diminished response to losses. This latter finding of reduced insular activation to losses was also true when volunteers were merely shown the results of the computer's decision, that is, without having to make their own choice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sleep deprivation poses a dual threat to competent decision making by modulating activation in nucleus accumbens and insula, brain regions associated with risky decision making and emotional processing.
Enhanced Simplified Maximum Likelihood Detection (ES-MLD) in Multiuser MIMO Downlink in Time-Variant Environment

In downlink multiuser MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems, multiple beams are generated for multiple data streams to suppress inter-user interference (IUI). Since transmit beamforming requires accurate channel state information (CSI), IUI becomes a serious problem in a time variant environment [1]. In such a scenario, multiple interference signal streams are received at a mobile station (MS) and the number of signal streams may exceed the number of antenna branches at the MS. Thus, any linear beamforming at the MS cannot eliminate the interfering signal streams and as a consequence the residual interference causes significant transmission quality degradation. Although maximum likelihood detection (MLD) is the best decoding method, the calculation complexity is prohibitively high and it is difficult to implement MLD in an actual wireless access system. To reduce the calculation complexity, simplified MLD (S-MLD) was proposed in single-user scenario [2]. In S-MLD, the number of candidates of the desired signal sets is decreased through a successive detection approach and the calculation complexity level is sufficiently low for the actual hardware while a performance level comparable to that for full MLD is maintained. However, the performance of S-MLD is vulnerable to unexpected interference, and the improvement in transmission quality is limited in a time variant environment. To achieve further improvement, this paper proposes a new transmission and decoding method based on S-MLD. In the proposed enhanced S-MLD (ES-MLD) method, the dimensions of the signal path search space are expanded by adding interference signal space to the desired signal space. In ES-MLD, the orthogonal preambles for all users are transmitted. Thus, the MS can estimate the channel responses not only for the desired signals but also for the undesired signals. ES-MLD has scalability to trade off the performance and calculation complexity by varying the number of candidates at each stage. In this study, the number of candidates at each stage is varied as a parameter and performances of ES-MLD and S-MLD are evaluated by computer simulations.
Feature- and Face-Exchange illusions: new insights and applications for the study of the binding problem

The binding problem is a longstanding issue in vision science: i.e., how are humans able to maintain a relatively stable representation of objects and features even though the visual system processes many aspects of the world separately and in parallel? We previously investigated this issue with a variant of the bounce-pass paradigm, which consists of two rectangular bars moving in opposite directions; if the bars are identical and never overlap, the motion could equally be interpreted as bouncing or passing. Although bars of different colors should be seen as passing each other (since the colors provide more information about the bars' paths), we found “Feature Exchange”: observers reported the paradoxical perception that the bars appear to bounce off of each other and exchange colors. Here we extend our previous findings with three demonstrations. “Peripheral Feature-Exchange” consists of two colored bars that physically bounce (they continually meet in the middle of the monitor and return to the sides). When viewed in the periphery, the bars appear to stream past each other even though this percept relies on the exchange of features and contradicts the information provided by the color of the bars. In “Face-Exchange” two different faces physically pass each other. When fixating centrally, observers typically report the perception of bouncing faces that swap features, indicating that the Feature Exchange effect can occur even with complex objects. In “Face-Go-Round,” one face repeatedly moves from left to right on the top of the monitor, and the other from right to left at the bottom of the monitor. Observers typically perceive the faces moving in a circle—a percept that contradicts information provided by the identity of the faces. We suggest that Feature Exchange and the paradigms used to elicit it can be useful for the investigation of the binding problem as well as other contemporary issues of interest to vision science.
Potential Impact of Co-Infections and Co-Morbidities Prevalent in Africa on Influenza Severity and Frequency: A Systematic Review

Infectious diseases and underlying medical conditions common to Africa may affect influenza frequency and severity. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on influenza and the following co-infections or co-morbidities that are prevalent in Africa: dengue, malaria, measles, meningococcus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), hemoglobinopathies, and malnutrition. Articles were identified except for influenza and PCP. Very few studies were from Africa. Sickle cell disease, dengue, and measles co-infection were found to increase the severity of influenza disease, though this is based on few studies of dengue and measles and the measles study was of low quality. The frequency of influenza was increased among patients with sickle cell disease. Influenza infection increased the frequency of meningococcal disease. Studies on malaria and malnutrition found mixed results. Age-adjusted morbidity and mortality from influenza may be more common in Africa because infections and diseases common in the region lead to more severe outcomes and increase the influenza burden. However, gaps exist in our knowledge about these interactions.
Comparison of cytotoxicity of various concentrations origanum extract solution with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the cytotoxicity of 0.5-4.5 origanum extract solution (OES), 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with WST-1 test on human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: About 0.5-4.5% OES, 2% CHX and 5.25% NaOCl solutions cytotoxicity was evaluated with cell culture test using PDL fibroblasts. Viability of hPDL cells was evaluated with WST-1 (Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1 Roche) test at 1, 24 and 72 nd h. hPDL cells were plated at 20 × 10 3 cells per well in 96-well plates. Absorbance values were read in optical density 480 nm by ELISA plate reader spectrophotometer. The statistical differences between various groups were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Duncan′s Multiple Range test using SAS software. Statistically, a significant difference was considered at P < 0.001. Results: According to the 1-h cytotoxicity results, 0.5% OES showed the least cytotoxic effect in test groups. There were not found any statistical significance between 1% OES and 2% CHX. About 5.25% NaOCl showed more cytotoxic effect than 1% OES and 2% CHX. In 24 and 72 h, different concentrations of OES, 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX solutions showed similar cytotoxic effect. Conclusions: Based on these results, 1% OES and 2% CHX showed similar results and less cytotoxic effect than 5.25% NaOCl. It could be considered as a favorable solution concentration when OES was used as root canal irrigation solution.
Memorizing Piano Music: What the Research Offers Teachers

Ever since Franz Liszt began the tradition of memoriztng piano recitals (Walker, 1983), memorization has become the bane of piano teachers and students alike. Teachers seek a method for teaching memorization, while students search for a technique of memorization that will be reliable under the stress of performance. The question then is: Are there any principles or techniques of memorization that have proven effective? Much of the lIterature regarding the memorization of piano music is speculative or reflects individual teachers' personal experiences in assisting students with memorization tasks. There appears to be little systematic research available on this subject. As far as can be determined, the only series of studies concerning the memorization of piano music is the landmark research conducted by Rubin-Rabson between 1937 and 1947 (Rubin-Rabson. 1937. 1939. 1940a. 1940b. 1941a, 1941b. 1941c, 1941d. 1947). Since that time, only a few dissertations and a limited n1:UDber of published studies are available on the topic. The purpose of this article is to report and synthesize the major findings from systematic research relative to the memorization of piano music. This is not to imply that teachers' subjective views or conclusions drawn over several years of teaching experience cany no weight, but only to offer another perspective, that of empirical research. Implications for teachers and students w1ll also be derived from this research. The discussion of relevant literature is divided into four sections: (a) the role of time in the memory process: (b) the possibility of a tripartite memory structure; (c) the use of analysis and visualization in memorizing: and (d) the relationship between sight-reading and memorization.
Mutation of serine/threonine protein kinase 36 (STK36) causes primary ciliary dyskinesia with a central pair defect

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition of impaired ciliary beating, characterized by chronic infections of the upper and lower airways and progressive lung failure. Defects of the outer dynein arms are the most common cause of PCD. In about half of the affected individuals, PCD occurs with situs inversus (Kartagener syndrome). A minor PCD subgroup including defects of the radial spokes (RS) and central pair (CP) is hallmarked by the absence of laterality defects, subtle beating abnormalities, and unequivocally apparent ultrastructural defects of the ciliary axoneme, making their diagnosis challenging. We identified homozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in STK36 in one PCD‐affected individual with situs solitus. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrates that STK36 is required for cilia orientation in human respiratory epithelial cells, with a probable localization of STK36 between the RS and CP. STK36 screening can now be included for this rare and difficult to diagnose PCD subgroup.