Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Construct Validity of Intellect and Openness as Distinct Aspects of Personality through Differential Associations with Reaction Time

The construct validity of group factor models of personality, which are typically derived from factor analysis of questionnaire items, relies on the ability of each factor to predict meaningful and differentiated real-world outcomes. In a sample of 481 participants, we used the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS) personality questionnaire, two laboratory-measured reaction time (RT) tasks, and a short-form test of cognitive ability (ICAR-16) to test the hypothesis that the Intellect and Openness aspects of Big Five Openness to Experience differentially correlate with reaction time moments. We found that higher scores on the Intellect aspect significantly correlate with faster and less variable response times, while no such association is observed for the Openness aspect. Further, we found that this advantage lies solely in the decisional, but not perceptual, stage of information processing; no other Big Five aspect showed a similar pattern of results. In sum, these findings represent the largest and most comprehensive study to date on personality factors and reaction time, and the first to demonstrate a mechanistic validation of BFAS Intellect through a differential pattern of associations with RT and Big Five personality aspects.
Reference measurements of SQUID-based magnetic-field fluctuation thermometers

The magnetic-field fluctuation thermometer (MFFT) is a noise thermometer that has been developed for thermometry in sub-Kelvin refrigerators. Meaningful MFFT operation requires a prior measurement at one known temperature in the temperature range of operation. From this reference measurement a set of calibration parameters is determined that characterizes the thermometer. Aiming at improving the measurement quality of the MFFT and extending its acceptance, we have developed a setup and procedure for reference measurements at temperatures directly traceable to the PLTS-2000. The reference measurements allow the assessment of methods to determine the uncertainty of a MFFT measurement. Temperature measurements with relative uncertainties of <1% can be obtained within measurement times of ≈10 s.
NEW PERMANENT MAGNET MATERIALS CONTAINING RARE-EARTH METALS.

Previously, most basic magnetic properties of the hexagonal intermetallic compounds involving the rare‐earth (RE) and 3‐d transition elements were reported in the literature. In addition, some of these compounds were investigated by various workers for permanent magnet properties by grinding ingots of the compounds into very fine powder. Recently, we discovered new permanent magnet materials which were based mostly on the hexagonal intermetallic compounds Co5RE. Replacement of cobalt with copper in some of these rare‐earth compounds resulted in solid materials having substantial permanent magnet properties. An outstanding feature of these alloys is their high value of intrinsic coercive force. High‐energy product alloys were found in the Co5−xCuxSm and Co5−xCoxCe systems with iron additions. Small pieces of Co3.5Fe0. 4Cu1.35Sm exhibited BR=6450 G, BHC=4000 Oe, and (BH)m=9×105 G Oe. Also, small pieces of Co3.5Fe0. 5CuCe exhibited BR=5100 G, BHC=3500 Oe, and (BH)m=5.2×106 G Oe. In general, these alloys are pr.
BMSC-Derived Exosomal CircHIPK3 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells via Mitophagy

Exosome-based therapy is emerging as a promising strategy to promote bone regeneration due to exosomal bioactive cargos, among which circular RNA (circRNA) has recently been recognized as the key effector. The role of exosomal circRNA derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has not been well-defined. The present study aimed to clarify the regulatory function and molecular mechanism of BMSC-derived exosomal circRNA in osteogenesis. Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) were isolated and identified. BMSC-Exos’ pro-osteogenic effect on MC3T3-E1 cells was validated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red staining. Through bioinformatic analysis and molecular experiments, circHIPK3 was selected and verified as the key circRNA of BMSC-Exos to promote osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Mechanistically, circHIPK3 acted as an miR-29a-5p sponge and functioned in mitophagy via targeting miR-29a-5p and PINK1. Additionally, we showed that the mitophagy level of MC3T3-E1 cells were mediated by BMSC-Exos, which promoted the osteogenic differentiation. Collectively, our results revealed an important role for BMSC-derived exosomal circHIPK3 in osteogenesis. These findings provide a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for bone regeneration.
Comparison of C-Band Scatterometer CMOD5.N Equivalent Neutral Winds with ECMWF

Abstract This article describes the evaluation of a C-band geophysical model function called C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N). It is used to provide an empirical relation between backscatter as sensed by the spaceborne European Remote Sensing Satellite-2 (ERS-2) and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) scatterometers and equivalent neutral ocean vector wind at 10-m height (neutral surface wind) as function of scatterometer incidence angle. CMOD5.N embodies a refit of CMOD5, a C-band model function, which was previously derived to obtain nonneutral surface wind, in such a way that its 28 tunable coefficients lead, for a given backscatter observation, to an enhancement of 0.7 m s−1 in wind speed. The value of 0.7 m s−1 is chosen to be independent of wind speed and incidence angle, and it incorporates the average difference between neutral and nonneutral wind (∼0.2 m s−1) and for a known bias of CMOD5 (∼0.5 m s−1) when compared to buoy wind data. The quality of the CMOD5.N fit is successfully tested for the Active Micro.
New perspectives in time-resolved laser-induced electron diffraction

Imaging the microscopic world in real space and real time is a grand challenge of science. In the landscape of time-resolved imaging techniques, laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) has recently shown to be a promising candidate to push the frontiers of ultrafast molecular imaging. In this work, we review the main achievements of LIED research in terms of experimental results and advanced modelling. We also envision interesting perspectives toward the future advancement of time-resolved LIED imaging.
On structured sparsity and selected applications in tomographic imaging

This work explores the potentials of structure encoding in sparse tomographic reconstructions. We are encoding spatial structure with Markov Random Field (MRF) models and employ it within Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Quantitative Microwave Tomography. We illustrate thereby also different ways of MRF modelling: as a discrete, binary field imposed on hidden labels and as a continuous model imposed on the observable field. In case of MRI, the analyzed approach is a straightforward extension of sparse MRI methods and is related to the so-called LaMP (Lattice Matching Pursuit) algorithm, but with a number of differences. In case of Microwave Tomography, we give another interpretation of structured sparsity using much different, but also effective approach. Thorough experiments demonstrate clear advantages of MRF based structure encoding in both cases and motivate strongly further development.
Determination of L-Ascorbic Acid Using MBs-AOX/GO/IGZO/Al by Wireless Sensing System and Microfluidic Framework

In this paper, the L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) biosensor based on magnetic beads-ascorbate oxidase/graphene oxide/indium gallium zinc oxide/aluminum (MBs-AOX/GO/IGZO/Al) membrane was integrated with the potentiometric measurement system with the microfluidic framework in order to investigate the different sensing characteristics under the static condition and the dynamic condition. The L-AA biosensor showed the average sensitivity of 78.9 mV/decade (25 °C) under the static condition, and it showed the average sensitivity of 81.7 mV/decade (25 °C) at the optimal flow rate ( $25~\mu \text{L}$ /min). Besides, the XBee module was used to apply in the remote detection for the L-AA biosensor, and the experimental results were shown the average sensitivity of 78.7 mV/decade (25 °C). Moreover, we also investigated various experiments, such as temperature effect, hysteresis effect, and lifetime. These experimental results would be beneficial to the development of the L-AA biosensor based on electrochemical detection.
Shortening the Standard Testing Time for Residual Biogas Potential (RBP) Tests Using Biogas Yield Models and Substrate Physicochemical Characteristics

The residual biogas potential (RBP) test is a procedure to ensure the anaerobic digestion process performance and digestate stability. Standard protocols for RBP require a significant time for sample preparation, characterisation and testing of the rig setup followed by batch experiments of a minimum of 28 days. To reduce the experimental time to obtain the RBP result, four biogas kinetic models were evaluated for their strength of fit for biogas production data from RBP tests. It was found that the pseudo-parallel first-order model and the first-order autoregressive (AR (1)) model provide a high strength of fit and can predict the RBP result with good accuracy (absolute percentage errors < 10%) using experimental biogas production data of 15 days. Multivariate regression with decision trees (DTs) was adopted in this study to predict model parameters for the AR (1) model from substrate physicochemical parameters. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the predicted AR (1) model coefficients, the constants and the RBP test results at day 28 across DTs with 20 training set samples are 4.76%, 72.04% and 52.13%, respectively. Using five additional data points to perform the leave-one-out cross-validation method, the MAPEs decreased to 4.31%, 59.29% and 45.62%. This indicates that the prediction accuracy of DTs can be further improved with a larger training dataset. A Gaussian Process Regressor was guided by the DT-predicted AR (1) model to provide probability distribution information for the biogas yield prediction.
Nozzle Geometry and Injection Duration Effects on Diesel Sprays Measured by X-Ray Radiography

X-ray radiography was used to measure the behavior of four fuel sprays from a light-duty common-rail diesel injector. The sprays were at 250 bar injection pressure and 1 bar ambient pressure. Injection durations of 400 {micro}s and 1000 {micro}s were tested, as were axial single-hole nozzles with hydroground and nonhydroground geometries. The X-ray data provide quantitative measurements of the internal mass distribution of the spray, including near the injector orifice. Such measurements are not possible with optical diagnostics. The 400 {micro}s sprays from the hydroground and nonhydroground nozzles appear qualitatively similar. The 1000 {micro}s spray from the nonhydroground nozzle has a relatively consistent moderate width, while that from the hydroground nozzle is quite wide before transitioning into a narrow jet. The positions of the leading- and trailing-edges of the spray have also been determined, as has the amount of fuel residing in a concentrated structure near the leading edge of the spray.
Elastic Scattering of Electrons from Xenon

The differential cross section (DCS) for elastic electron scattering from Xe has been measured using a crossed beam method. The measurements were carried out in the angular range from 10° to 125° and at incident energies from 5 eV to 200 eV. The absolute values of the DCS have been determined by means of the relative flow method. The integral and momentum-transfer cross sections are derived from the measured DCS. The results are compared with those of previous experimental and theoretical studies.
Training Path Optimization Method of a Moveable Multifunction Rehabilitation Robot

Passive path tracking training is usually used for robot assisted lower limb rehabilitation. The movement of robot will cause the fluctuation of joint force. This letter presents an optimal training path planning algorithm to reduce the patient's joint force caused by a moveable multifunction rehabilitation robot during passive pedaling training. The dynamics model of the human-robot system is established, and the joint forces of the patient are analysed. The planning process is divided into a series of motion steps based on the original training path, at which the optimal algorithm is applied to search the best path. Then, the optimal path is fitted by Bezier curve to get a closed training trajectory. Finally, a Bionic Experiment Platform (BEP) and Human-robot Interaction Platform (HIP) are established to verify the effectiveness of the optimal algorithm. The (BEP) experimental results show that the knee joint force drops by an average of 12.71%, and the maximum drops by 15.41%. The HIP experiment results show that the interaction force drops by an average of 8.5%.
Joint Data Compression and Parameter Estimation for Kronecker Product Structure

Due to the existence of high-dimensional data originating from observation matrices with the Kronecker product structure, it is possible to achieve cost-effective data processing by utilizing such a structure. This paper proposes an open issue, i.e., the problem of simultaneous data compression and parameter estimation for Kronecker product structure. Three joint compression–estimation schemes with different compression dimensions are derived. The first scheme is a lossless compression (LLC) estimator, where both the compressor and the estimator are Kronecker factorizable to ensure computational advantages. It shows that there is a deterministic data compression dimension equal to the rank of the observation matrix in the LLC estimator. Without satisfying this dimension, the second scheme is a general lossy compression (GLC) estimator that achieves compressed data of arbitrary dimension. The last one is a structured lossy compression estimator that reduces the number and dimension of compressed data segments suitable to special compression dimensions and has less computational burden than the GLC estimator. In addition, the performance of the three estimators is theoretically analyzed. Finally, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Trellis Decoding And Applications To Multi-Target Tracking

In this paper we give a solution to the problems of finding the best set of K completely unmerged paths through a trellis with Mi≥K states at depth i in the trellis, i = 0, 1, 2, . , N. Here, "best set" means that the sum of the metrics of all K paths in the set is minimized and "completely unmerged" means that no two paths pass through a common state. The solution involves using the Viterbi algorithm on (an expanded trellis with {Mi/k} states at depth i. We then apply this result to optimally separate the tracks of K targets in a multi-target radar system with measurement errors and extraneous measurements.
Ab initio studies of structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of durene crystals and molecules

We present an ab initio analysis of durene in its gas phase as well as in its crystalline phase by means of density-functional theory. The structural ground-state parameters are determined for three exchange and correlation functionals and compared with experimental data. The crystalline phase is found to be influenced not only by van der Waals bonds but also by weak intermolecular $\mathrm{C}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\cdots}\ensuremath{\pi}$ hydrogen bonds. The vibrational frequencies and eigenmodes are calculated within the local-density approximation and a one-to-one comparison between both phases is presented. Supplemented by a group-theoretical analysis, we identify infrared-active as well as Raman-active modes and calculate the corresponding IR spectra. The electronic energy levels of durene molecules, as well as the band structure of durene crystals, are calculated from the Kohn-Sham approach. Special emphasis is put on the origin of the large bandwidths and dispersion anisotropy in durene crystals. Possible consequences for the charge-carrier mobilities are discussed.
Association of HOMA-IR with Ovarian Sensitivity Index in Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Insulin resistance (IR) may adversely impact the in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. However, the association of IR with ovarian sensitivity during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) remains controversial. Purpose We aimed to explore the association between homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and ovarian sensitivity index (OSI). Patients and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 7836 patients aged between 20 and 39 years with good ovarian reserve were included consecutively between June 2018 and May 2022. HOMA-IR was calculated to evaluate the degree of IR and OSI was used to measure ovarian sensitivity. Owing to skewed distribution, HOMA-IR and OSI were log e transformed to Ln HOMA-IR and Ln OSI. Smoothing splines were generated by generalized additive models to explore the correlation between Ln HOMA-IR and Ln OSI. Then, the relationship between Ln HOMA-IR and Ln OSI was tested with multivariable linear regression model after adjustments for the potential confounders. Results We observed negative association between Ln HOMA-IR and Ln OSI after adjustment for potential confounders by using smoothing spline fitting curves in generalized additive model. In the multivariable linear regression model, after full adjustments, each one unit increase in Ln HOMA-IR was related to reduced Ln OSI values (β = −0.12, 95% CI, −0.15, −0.09). As sensitivity analysis, those who had HOMA-IR of quartile 3 (HOMA-IR 2.33–3.43) and quartile 4 (HOMA-IR ≥3.43) had decreases in Ln OSI values (β = −0.07, 95% CI −0.11, −0.03 and β = −0.18, 95% CI −0.22, −0.13, respectively) when compared with patients in the quartile 1 (HOMA-IR <1.63). Furthermore, stratified and interaction analysis showed a strong inverse association of Ln HOMA-IR with Ln OSI in subgroups of PCOS patients and overweight/obese populations (P-value for interaction <0.0001). Conclusion HOMA-IR value was negatively associated with the ovarian sensitivity assessed by OSI. Among the PCOS and overweight/obese populations, this inverse relationship may be strong. These findings will increase the understanding of the contribution of IR to the development of decreased ovarian sensitivity within the assisted reproductive technology (ART) setting. It may have implications for optimizing gonadotropin dose manipulation in patients with IR undergoing IVF/ICSI.
A comparison of variance and total‐energy singular‐vectors

The analysis‐error variance estimates produced by the Naval Research Laboratory Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System are used to constrain singular vectors (SVs) at initial time (the final‐time metric is total energy). These ‘VAR SVs’ are compared to SVs for which total energy is both the initial‐ and final‐time metrics (TE SVs). The spatial distributions and structures of the VAR SVs and TE SVs are examined and their effectiveness in explaining forecast error is compared. Consistent with previous results, the VAR SVs have relatively larger amplitude than TE SVs in regions where analysis errors are larger (such as over oceans and polar regions). In contrast to previous results, the initial‐time VAR SV energy peaks at lower altitudes than the TE SV energy, reflecting the influence of the data‐assimilation‐error variance estimates. Despite these significant differences, the TE and VAR SVs explain comparable amounts of forecast error in both linear and nonlinear contexts. By projecting the VAR SV pseudo‐inverse perturbation onto the TE SVs, it is found that the component inside the TE‐SV subspace accounts for most of the forecast‐error reduction. The component outside the TE‐SV subspace has very little impact on error reduction. It is noteworthy that for both the TE and VAR SVs, nonlinear pseudo‐inverse forecast‐corrections are better than the expected linear corrections. Both sets of SVs exhibit a relationship between singular‐vector growth and forecast‐error total energy, when averaged over many cases. This indicates that the SVs have some utility in predicting forecast‐error variance. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Optimization and Comparison of Information-Dependent Acquisition (IDA) to Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra (SWATH) for High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Toxicology.

BACKGROUND Untargeted data acquisition on high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMSs) has been used in clinical toxicology for screening and identifying unknown compounds in patient samples. A common modality for untargeted HRMS data acquisition is information-dependent acquisition (IDA), which analyzes the most abundant small molecules within an acquisition cycle. This process can potentially lead to false negatives of clinically relevant compounds at low concentrations. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH) has emerged as a method of unbiased, untargeted HRMS data acquisition in which no spectral data are lost. SWATH has yet to be optimized and assessed for use in clinical toxicology. METHOD We developed a variable-window SWATH method (vSWATH) and compared it to IDA by limit of detection studies in drug-supplemented urine (81 compounds) and against a retrospective cohort of 50 clinical urine samples characterized by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS vSWATH had a lower limit of detection than IDA for 33 (41%) drugs and metabolites added into urine samples. Both IDA and vSWATH were equivalent in discovering compounds from clinical urine samples and confirmed 26 additional compounds not previously discovered by targeted LC-MS/MS. Lastly, the unbiased acquisition of spectra in vSWATH allowed for identification of 5 low-abundance compounds missed by IDA. CONCLUSIONS This vSWATH method for clinical toxicology demonstrated equivalent analytical sensitivity and specificity for untargeted drug screening and identification in urine samples. vSWATH provided the additional benefit of collecting all tandem mass spectrometry spectra in a sample, which could be useful in discovering low-abundance compounds not discovered by IDA.
On the Thermal Contact Between Winding Packs and Casings of JT-60SA TF Coils in Self-Field and Tokamak Configurations

The present study aims at providing quantitative insight, extracted from experimental data, about the impact of Lorentz forces on the distribution of static heat load within JT-60SA Toroidal Field (TF) coils. More accurately, we assess the distribution of these loads over the winding packs (WP) and casings from Helium enthalpy balances when the TF current is either zero or nominal. This study is motivated by the impact of such loads and associated distribution on the quench margin in operation and on the cryogenics system. It is divided in two parts: the first one focuses on the distribution results obtained for the Cold Test Facility (CTF) tests (i.e., in self-field configuration) while the second one focuses on those obtained during JT-60SA integrated commissioning (i.e., in tokamak configuration). We then draw the main outcomes of these studies and discuss the consistency of the results obtained for the two configurations.