Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic and environmental influences on internalizing psychopathology vary as a function of economic status

Background Different theories of the link between socio-economic status (SES) and mental illness have been postulated. In particular, two theories of this association, social causation and social selection, differ in the implied causal pathway. The authors employ behavior genetic modeling to consider evidence for both social selection and social causation in the relationship between income variation and internalizing disorders. Method Behavior genetic modeling was used to estimate the presence of gene–environment interaction (GxE, social causation) in the presence of gene–environment correlation (rGE, social selection). Participants were members of a sample of 719 twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study. Four internalizing (INT) syndromes were assessed: major depression (MD); generalized anxiety disorder (GAD); panic attacks (PA); neuroticism (N). SES was measured with total family household income. Results One factor best accounted for the variance shared between MD, GAD, PA and N. The etiology of variation in INT changed from high to low levels of income, with unique environmental factors playing a larger role in INT variation at lower levels of income. Across levels of income, rGE between income and INT was modest (low income ra=0.39 to high income ra=0.54), implying a selection process operating through genetic effects linking lower income with INT psychopathology. Conclusions Findings support social causation by suggesting that low income contributes significantly to environmental variation in INT. Modest support was found for social selection, but should be extended using longitudinal designs. Effective interventions for internalizing psychopathology may differ depending on income.
A Top-Down Approach to Managing Variability in Robotics Algorithms

One of the defining features of the field of robotics is its breadth and heterogeneity. Unfortunately, despite the availability of several robotics middleware services, robotics software still fails to smoothly handle at least two kinds of variability: algorithmic variability and lower-level variability. The consequence is that implementations of algorithms are hard to understand and impacted by changes to lower-level details such as the choice or configuration of sensors or actuators. Moreover, when several algorithms or algorithmic variants are available it is difficult to compare and combine them. In order to alleviate these problems we propose a top-down approach to express and implement robotics algorithms and families of algorithms so that they are both less dependent on lower-level details and easier to understand and combine. This approach goes top-down from the algorithms and shields them from lower-level details by introducing very high level abstractions atop the intermediate abstractions of robotics middleware. This approach is illustrated on 7 variants of the Bug family that were implemented using both laser and infra-red sensors.
Small field diode correction factors derived using an air core fibre optic scintillation dosimeter and EBT2 film

There is no commercially available real-time dosimeter that can accurately measure output factors for field sizes down to 4 mm without the use of correction factors. Silicon diode detectors are commonly used but are not dosimetrically water equivalent, resulting in energy dependence and fluence perturbation. In contrast, plastic scintillators are nearly dosimetrically water equivalent. A fibre optic dosimeter (FOD) with a 0.8 mm3 plastic scintillator coupled to an air core light guide was used to measure the output factors for Novalis/BrainLab stereotactic cones of diameter 4–30 mm and Novalis MLC fields of width 5–100 mm. The FOD data matched the output factors measured by a 0.125 cm3 Semiflex ion chamber for the MLC fields above 30 mm and those measured with the EBT2 radiochromic film for the cones and MLC fields below 30 mm. Relative detector readings were obtained with four diode types (IBA SFD, EFD, PFD, PTW 60012) for the same fields. Empirical diode correction factors were determined by taking the ratio of FOD output factors to diode relative detector readings. The diodes were found to over-respond by 3%–16% for the smallest field. There was good agreement between different diodes of the same model number.
Comparative Analysis in Medical Imaging

Filtering is always the root process in many medical image processing applications. It is aimed at reducing noise in images. Any post-processing tasks, e.g., visualization, segmentation may benefit from the reduction of noise. Bilateral filtering smoothes images while preserving edges, by means of a nonlinear combination of nearby image values. This method is noniterative and simple. It combines gray levels based on both their two properties i.e. geometric closeness and their photometric similarity, and prefers the near values to distant values in both domain and range. In this paper we have made comparison between Bilateral, Bilateral Median and Gaussian filter. Bilateral filter combines both the domain and range filtering and combination is much more interesting. The bilateral filter shows good results in comparison to Gaussian however the Bilateral Median shows the best results in comparison to all. The comparison is based on the basis of MSE, PSNR, and CNR.
Expression of nestin-associated genes in the inner ear of newborn rats following injury and hypoxia

We used organotypic cultures of the stria vascularis (SV), the organ of Corti (OC) and the modiolus (MOD) of newborn rats to analyze the differential expression levels and responses of cytoskeletal, myelin- and neural growth factor-associated genes following preparatory injury and hypoxia. The transcript mRNA levels of the neurofilaments Nefl , Nefm, the microtubule-associated proteins Mapt, Map1a, Map2, and of the myelin basic protein Mbp decrease during 24 h in a coordinated way across the MOD and OC regions. The increased cell death rate in the MOD region is associated with an increased expression of Nes, the transcript encoding the intermediate filament nestin, and of the neural growth factor receptor Ngfr, the growth-associated protein 43 Gap43 and the Purkinje cell protein Pcp4. The correlation analysis revealed close associations between Nes expression and genes involved in apoptotic and necrotic cell death (caspase Casp3, calpains Capn1, Capn2, Capns1), the glutamate pathway (glutamate receptor NMDA associated protein 1 Grina, glial high affinity glutamate transporter Slc1a3), cytoskeletal genes (Nefm, Map2, Map1a, Mbp), transcription factors (hypoxia inducible factor Hif-1a, jun proto-oncogene Jun, brain expressed myelocytomatosis B-myc, HES family bHLH transcription factor 1 Hes-1, forkhead-box D3 Foxd3) and neural growth factors ( Ngfr, Gap43 and Pcp4 ) . The unique response and the composition of the Nes cluster made us conclude that the expression of cell-death-associated genes and the regeneration-associated genes takes place in a coordinated way, and differs between the MOD and the OC/SV regions.
Changing spaces for sports1

The author argues that the fundamental values associated with sports seem to have changed. Physical and psychological wellbeing, the playful aspect of training and the non-committal social network are of increasing importance for the practice of sports, while competition and success only remain of significance for a more limited number of people. Accordingly spaces for sports are also undergoing change. In the city of today, physical exercise takes place on streets and squares, on rooftops, in buildings that previously served other purposes, in parks and city forests and even in the harbour. The essay gives a number of examples of these new sports spaces. Their common denominator lies in their urban proximity, the combination of previously irreconcilable functions, high adaptability and the fact that they often make use of urban residual areas.
The Impact of Mental Fatigue on Exploration in a Complex Computer Task: Rigidity and Loss of Systematic Strategies

We investigated the impact of mental fatigue on exploration in a complex computer task. The exploration behavior of participants who underwent a fatigue manipulation (N = 36) was compared with that of a control (nonfatigued) group (N = 32). A distinction was also made between participants with high or low levels of general computer experience. Results showed that fatigued participants used significantly less systematic exploration and made more errors than did nonfatigued participants. Fatigued participants with low computer experience also showed significantly more rigid behavior than did the other participants. No differences were found on the number of subtasks solved. Compared with low-experience participants, highly experienced participants showed significantly more systematic exploration, less unsystematic trial and error, solved more subtasks, and made fewer errors (marginally significant p = .056). Findings were interpreted as the result of reduced task engagement under fatigue and reduced involvement of executive control on behavior. Actual or potential applications of this research include guidelines to prevent detrimental effects of mental fatigue on exploration behavior.
Genetic and Epigenetic Alteration among Three Homoeologous Genes of a Class E MADS Box Gene in Hexaploid Wheat[W][OA]

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species with A, B, and D ancestral genomes. Most bread wheat genes are present in the genome as triplicated homoeologous genes (homoeologs) derived from the ancestral species. Here, we report that both genetic and epigenetic alterations have occurred in the homoeologs of a wheat class E MADS box gene. Two class E genes are identified in wheat, wheat SEPALLATA (WSEP) and wheat LEAFY HULL STERILE1 (WLHS1), which are homologs of Os MADS45 and Os MADS1 in rice (Oryza sativa), respectively. The three wheat homoeologs of WSEP showed similar genomic structures and expression profiles. By contrast, the three homoeologs of WLHS1 showed genetic and epigenetic alterations. The A genome WLHS1 homoeolog (WLHS1-A) had a structural alteration that contained a large novel sequence in place of the K domain sequence. A yeast two-hybrid analysis and a transgenic experiment indicated that the WLHS1-A protein had no apparent function. The B and D genome homoeologs, WLHS1-B and WLHS1-D, respectively, had an intact MADS box gene structure, but WLHS1-B was predominantly silenced by cytosine methylation. Consequently, of the three WLHS1 homoeologs, only WLHS1-D functions in hexaploid wheat. This is a situation where three homoeologs are differentially regulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
Distributed Shell over Peer-to-Peer Networks

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networking uses a proliferate and powerful paradigm that replaces the traditional client/server communication model with an arbitrary communication model where all hosts or peers are both clients and servers. While P2P is well known for file sharing we developed a P2P system that provides distributed computing. We have developed and currently use a distributed shell over P2P which is a modified version of GNU-Bash that offers the user more computational power by transparently distributing commands over the P2P network. This paper presents the shell over P2P architecture and provides techniques we use to obtain I/O redirection and pipes, parametric computations, cross-file system and heterogeneous computing.
False Negatives in Sexual Abuse Disclosure Interviews

Verbal disclosure of abuse in a specialized interview was studied in a sample of 28 children, ages 3 to menarche, who presented with purely physical complaints later diagnosed as a sexually transmitted disease, in the absence of any known prior disclosure or suspicion of sexual abuse. Only 43% gave any verbal confirmation of sexual contact. Fifty-seven percent were “false negatives. ” Disclosure was strongly associated with the attitude taken by the child's caretaker toward the possibility of abuse. Children whose caretakers accepted the possibility that their child might have been sexually abused disclosed at a rate almost 3.5 times as great as those whose caretakers denied any possibility of abuse (63% vs. 17%). The results suggest that caretaker attitude and support is a critical variable in the child's disclosure process and a valuable target for intervention and prevention efforts. In addition, it was found that, aside from their STD, many of these abused children presented as free from any specifically suspicious abuse symptoms, suggesting that reliance on single interviews and identification of “red flags” cannot be expected to identify many hidden victims.
Are Congressional Committees Composed of Preference Outliers?

A diverse set of congressional studies portrays members of standing committees as more or less homogeneous “high demanders” or “preference outliers” relative to members of the larger legislature. Using interest group ratings of members of the Ninety-sixth to Ninety-ninth Congresses, I conduct conventional statistical hypothesis tests to discern whether standing committees are more extreme and more homogeneous than the legislature as a whole. With only a few exceptions, the tests do not allow confident rejection of null hypotheses of identical committee and chamber preferences. The absence of convincing evidence of preference outliers is broadly consistent with emerging incomplete information game-theoretic legislative research and difficult to reconcile with many previous formal theories of legislative politics.
Milk immunoglobulins and complement factors

The importance of colostrum for the growth and health of newborn offspring is well known. In bovine colostrum, the antibody (immunoglobulin) complement system provides a major antimicrobial effect against a wide range of microbes and confers passive immunity until the calf's own immune system has matured. Bovine serum and lacteal secretions contain three major classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, IgM and IgA. The immunoglobulins are selectively transported from the serum into the mammary gland, as a result of which the first colostrum contains very high concentrations of immunoglobulins (40–200 mg/ml). IgG1 accounts for over 75 % of the immunoglobulins in colostral whey, followed by IgM, IgA and IgG2. All these immunoglobulins decrease within a few days to a total immunoglobulin concentration of 0.7–1.0 mg/ml, with IgG1 representing the major Ig class in milk throughout the lactation period. Together with the antibodies absorbed from colostrum after birth, the complement system plays a crucial role in the passive immunisation of the newborn calf. The occurrence of haemolytic or bactericidal complement activity in bovine colostrum and milk has been demonstrated in several studies. This review deals with the characteristics of bovine Igs and the complement system to be exploited as potential ingredients for health-promoting functional foods.
Detection of Haemobartonella felis in cats with experimentally induced acute and chronic infections, using a polymerase chain reaction assay.

OBJECTIVE To develop a test for detection of Haemobartonella felis, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. ANIMALS 4 adult cats seronegative for FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus. PROCEDURE Cats were infected with H felis by i.v. administration of 1 ml of blood obtained from an infected cat. Rectal temperature, PCV, and microscopic examination of blood smears for organisms were monitored daily. At peak of infection, doxycycline treatment was initiated for 21 days. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals. Six months after treatment, 2 cats were given methylprednisolone (14 mg/kg of body weight, i.m.). Daily blood samples were collected for CBC, detection of organisms, and PCR evaluation. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of H felis, specific PCR primers were created for a 393-basepair internal fragment. RESULTS The 393-basepair product was consistently amplified from blood samples obtained during peak parasitemia but not during the last week of or immediately after completion of doxycycline treatment. After treatment, PCV returned to the reference range, and organisms were not observed in blood samples; however, the PCR product could be consistently amplified. After administration of methylprednisolone, organisms were only rarely observed in blood smears but were consistently detected by PCR analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using PCR analysis, it was possible to detect H felis in blood samples obtained from cats during peak parasitemia, during most of the carrier phase, and after challenge with immunosuppressive drugs. During and immediately after antibiotic treatment, this test may fail to detect the organisms.
Mining translations from the web of open linked data

In this paper we consider the prospect of extracting translations for words from the web of linked data. By searching for entities that have labels in both English and German we extract 665,000 translations. We then also consider a linguistic linked data resource, lemonUby, from which we extract a further 115,000 translations. We combine these translations with the Moses statistical machine translation, and we show that the translations extracted from the linked data can be used to improve the translation of unknown words.
Latin Cubes and Parallel Array Access 1

The problem of e ciently storing a d-dimensional array into multiple memory modules of a shared memory machine is an important problem in parallel processing. In this paper, we consider the problem for the three-dimensional arrays. More speci cally, given an array A of size n n n and a shared memory machine with n memory modules, we show how to store A so that no two elements within any row, any column, any diagonal of a face of A and main sub-arrays of A are stored in the same memory module. Our scheme thus achieves no memory con icts when the processors of the shared memory machine simultaneously access elements within a row, column, sub-array, etc. We also show how to store A e ciently, if diagonals of A are also required to be accessed con ict-free in addition to rows and columns. We nally show storage schemes that allow diagonal faces to be accessed con ict-free along with rows and columns. All of our schemes use latin cubes. Our schemes allow fast address generation using simple circuitry and the permutations needed between the processors and the memory modules in our schemes can also be realized easily by the self-routing Benes networks.
Revitalizing public policy approaches to the EU: ‘territorial institutionalism’, fisheries and wine

Abstract This article proposes a reinvestment in political sociology in general, and the concept of territory in particular, as means of renewing analysis of the policy–polity dialectic at the heart of the European Union (EU). Drawing on a sociological theory of decision-making and sectoral regulation, the foundations for a ‘territorial institutionalist’ approach are developed in order to study political usages of territory. Specifically, the process of the ‘political assignment of authority' is examined to analyse three such usages in EU fisheries and wine: justifying frontiers of policy instruments, defining actor eligibility, politicizing/depoliticizing regulatory controversies. Overall, we argue that EU studies must re-engage in epistemological debates over policy–polity linkages in order to produce new and rigorous knowledge about European integration and its legitimization. For, as our findings suggest, these processes are not driven by the certainty of ‘rational’ multi-level governance, but are mediated within sectoral ‘institutional orders’.
HPC Algorithms for Calculating Properties of Magnetic Nanostructures

The critical phenomena on cobalt monolayer and submonolayer lms and the properties of nanodots were studied by means of computer simulation and using HPC-algorithms. The proposed approach on the base of data of scanning tunneling microscopy gives the possibility estimate of the critical concentration needed for concentration transition to ferromagnetic state. An assumption about the presence of a critical switching eld allowed the simulated hysteresis loops for the given 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 ML cobalt samples in frame of the Ising model, which have qualitative agreement with magnetometric data. Author's developed approaches to simulation of magnetic phenomena in nanostructures require using of supercomputers.
Artificial Intelligence a Driving force for Human Computer Interaction ( HCI ) in Education

Introduction Computer games have made a tremendous contribution to entertainment industry in the recent years. Production of computer games requires input of different stakeholders including designers, artists, programmers, etc. Innovation and creativity are key aspects in game formulation. The imaginative vision of an artist can be formulated into logical design of a game which is eventually translated into computer game by a game designer and programmer. When I was six years old in the first year at Elementary/primary school, two of the subjects we had namely “Physical Education” and “Story Telling” were very much liked by children in the class. “Story Telling” was more popular than “Physical Education”. The stories were logically constructed and they developed the children’s critical thinking ability. The stories were narrated using animals of different behaviors as actors. For example, the rabbit represented the tricky creature, and tortoise represented a creature that always acts in hiding. Today all the narrative stories can be translated into computer games using the concept of virtual reality. These game programmes can greatly enhance children in learning real life skills. Game creation should match the target audience for the game. For example, games in which actors continuously act violence against each other is not appropriate for little children as it instills violence in their mindset which becomes difficult to transform in the future.
Trimorphic stepping stones pave the way to fungal virulence

The fungal kingdom encompasses ≈1.5 million species (1) as diverse as single-celled yeasts, pathogens of animals/plants, and plant root symbionts. Fungi are eukaryotic, closely aligned with metazoans (2, 3). Animals and fungi diverged ≈1 billion years ago; their last common ancestor was unicellular, motile, and aquatic. Some fungi grow as unicellular yeasts, but most are filamentous multicellular organisms. Importantly, some fungi are dimorphic, growing as both yeast and filamentous forms (i.e., Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yet others are trimorphic and grow as yeast, hyphae, and pseudohyphae (i.e., Candida albicans). S. cerevisiae pseudohyphal growth long eluded detection—it requires special conditions/strains and was lost during domestication (4). How pseudohyphae are related to yeast and hyphae (as a distinct fate or a continuum) was unknown until the report of Carlisle et al. (5) in this issue of PNAS. They reveal that pseudohyphae are intermediate between yeast and hyphae, with implications for pathogen–host interactions and fungal evolution.