Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language and Gesture Descriptions Affect Memory: A Nonverbal Overshadowing Effect

People’s memory for an event is known to be affected by their verbal descriptions prior to memory assessment. The present experiment investigated whether the computational difficulty of production itself, which is known to affect what people say, can shape descriptions and subsequent event memory. Participants viewed simple scenes and were asked to describe them using either speech or silent gesture, the latter being a much more difficult task. We hypothesized that gesturing participants would over-use action pantomimes, which would yield poorer Inaction (vs. Action) scene memory. Following scene descriptions, participants were given a forced-choice recognition task to discriminate previously presented scenes from foils. Patterns of gesturing showed that gesturers used action pantomimes for Inaction scenes, and they performed reliably worse on Inaction scene memory. Increased production of action pantomimes predicted increased guesses for Action scenes at test, independent of the correct response. Implications for memory and production are discussed.
Thermal consequences of lithospheric extension: Pure and simple

Simple shear and pure shear extension of the lithosphere produce very different patterns of heat flow and topography. These differences are investigated using a numerical technique which solves for two-dimensional conductive and advective heat transport hrough time. Simple shear extension of the lithosphere is modeled as occurring along a straight shear zone. Two parameters define the simple shear model: the dip of the shear zone and its width. Likewise, the pure shear model is defined by two variables: the initial width of a vertical zone of pure shear extension and the rate of change of its width. These pairs of parameters are varied between calculations, as is the overall rate of extension. Each model results in distinct patterns of crustal thinning, lithospheric thermal structure, heat flow, thermal uplift, crustal subsidence, and topography. For the simple shear model, extension results in asymmetric uplift across the rift, while the total volume of uplift is limited by the total amount of extension. The peak heat flow and thermal uplift are centered over the intersection of the shear zone with the surface. Isostatic response to simple shear extension results in successive, formerly active shear zones being rotated into listtic faults which sole into a subhorizontal detachment. The pure shear esults how that the surface heat flow is greater for smaller widths of the zone of extension. For the same overall 1Also at the Department of Geological Sciences, Columbia University. Copyright 1988 by t,he American Geophysical Union. Paper number 7T0883. 0278-7407/88/007T-0883 $10.00 extension rate, a pure shear model with a narrow zone of extension can result in pressure release melting of the mantle long before low angle simple shear models. These results are compared with topographic and heat flow data from the northem Red Sea rift, a Neogene continental rift which is close to initiating seafloor spreading. The long wavelength topographic asymmetry across the Red Sea, which has been cited as evidence for simple shear extension of the lithosphere, is not matched by any of the models. The observed high heat flow anomalies in the Red Sea require a large component of pure shear lithospheric extension centered under the region of maximum crustal extension. In contrast, at the plate separation rate of the northern Red Sea, simple shear extension of the lithosphere along a shallow (<30 ø) dip detachment is ineffective in reproducing the observed heat flow anomalies. Only a narrowing region of pure shear extension can satisfy the width of the rift, and the peak heat flow values and generate pressure release melting.
Moyamoya disease and syndromes: from genetics to clinical management

Moyamoya angiopathy is characterized by a progressive stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries and the development of a network of abnormal collateral vessels. This chronic cerebral angiopathy is observed in children and adults. It mainly leads to brain ischemic events in children, and to ischemic and hemorrhagic events in adults. This is a rare condition, with a marked prevalence gradient between Asian countries and Western countries. Two main nosological entities are identified. On the one hand, moyamoya disease corresponds to isolated moyamoya angiopathy, defined as being “idiopathic” according to the Guidelines of the Research Committee on the Pathology and Treatment of Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of Willis. This entity is probably multifactorial and polygenic in most patients. On the other hand, moyamoya syndrome is a moyamoya angiopathy associated with an underlying condition and forms a very heterogeneous group with various clinical presentations, various modes of inheritance, and a variable penetrance of the cerebrovascular phenotype. Diagnostic and evaluation techniques rely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) conventional angiography, and cerebral hemodynamics measurements. Revascularization surgery can be indicated, with several techniques. Characteristics of genetic moyamoya syndromes are presented, with a focus on recently reported mutations in BRCC3/MTCP1 and GUCY1A3 genes. Identification of the genes involved in moyamoya disease and several monogenic moyamoya syndromes unraveled different pathways involved in the development of this angiopathy. Studying genes and pathways involved in monogenic moyamoya syndromes may help to give insights into pathophysiological models and discover potential candidates for medical treatment strategies.
Transdifferentiation between Luminal- and Basal-Type Cancer Cells

Abstract : Breast cancer is a highly diverse group of cancers and consists of at least 5 different subgroups. Furthermore, patients with Intra-tumor heterogeneity due to the presence of cancer cells with variable phenotypes such as different degrees of basal-like and luminal features increase the complexity of treatment. The aim of this project is to better understand the mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell plasticity and origins of breast cancer heterogeneity. Our focus is the function of protein kinase D1 (PKD1), which is a serine/threonine kinase. We previously showed that PKD1 can repress epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibitory phosphorylation of transcription factor Snail, a master switch of EMT. Supported by this award, we have performed experiments on molecular, cellular, mice xenografts and transgenic levels and conclude that PKD1 is a context-dependent tumorigenesis and metastasis repressor or enhance. Specifically, PKD1 is a metastasis repressor in luminal type breast cancer and loss of PKD1 in luminal type cells converts them into basal-like cells; and PKD1 is an enhancer of tumorigenesis in basal-like breast cancer. Based on current available data, conditional knockout PKD1 in mouse mammary tissue does not disrupt mammary development and does not induce tumorigenesis. However, when combination with P53 mutant, loss of PKD1 greatly enhances tumor incidence and metastasis rate, suggesting an anti-cancer role of PKD1 this study is still in progression, final results will be available after one more year.
Bioabsorbable Polymer and Bone Growth Factor Composites

B one growth factors are small proteins contained by bone tissue. The most intensively investigated bone growth factors are the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and the transforming growth factor-bβ (TGF-βs). Their local application induces bone formation in experimental fractures and bone defects. Possible clinical applications for bone growth factors include impaired bone healing, inadequate bone stock, and incomplete incorporation of prosthetic implants into bone. In therapeutic use the bone growth factors need a carrier. The carrier should assure local, sustained release of the growth factors which may otherwise be rapidly absorbed before instituting their effect. Several biodegradable materials have been investigated as carriers for bone growth factors, including organic materials, ceramics, and synthetic polymers such as polylactide and polylactidepolyglycolide co-polymer. Bioabsorbable polymers possess several attractive features as delivery systems. They can be engineered to allow release of accurate dosage of bone growth factors and they also allow combining several growth factors to be delivered concomitantly or at different points of time. They can also be manufactured or sculpted into a variety of forms to fit a given tissue defect or to fix a fracture. Moreover, they are both sterilizable and can be resorbed completely. An increasing number of positive results from experimental studies exist which could indicate a possible future success for growth factors within clinical orthopaedic practice. Recently, the first human studies using recombinant human BMP-2 or BMP-7 (osteogenic protein-1, OP-1) have been published.
The Role of Alveolar Epithelium in Radiation-Induced Lung Injury

Pneumonitis and fibrosis are major lung complications of irradiating thoracic malignancies. In the current study, we determined the effect of thoracic irradiation on the lungs of FVB/N mice. Survival data showed a dose-dependent increase in morbidity following thoracic irradiation with single (11–13 Gy) and fractionated doses (24–36 Gy) of 137Cs γ-rays. Histological examination showed a thickening of vessel walls, accumulation of inflammatory cells, collagen deposition, and regional fibrosis in the lungs 14 weeks after a single 12 Gy dose and a fractionated 30 Gy dose; this damage was also seen 5 months after a fractionated 24 Gy dose. After both single and fractionated doses, i] aquaporin-5 was markedly decreased, ii] E-cadherin was reduced and iii] prosurfactant Protein C (pro-SP-c), the number of pro-SP-c+ cells and vimentin expression were increased in the lungs. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localization of pro-SP-c and α-smooth muscle actin in the alveoli after a single dose of 12 Gy. These data suggest that, i] the FVB/N mouse strain is sensitive to thoracic radiation ii] aquaporin-5, E-cadherin, and pro-SP-c may serve as sensitive indicators of radiation-induced lung injury; and iii] the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may play an important role in the development of radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
Photocatalytic Inactivation of the Bacteria Escherichia coli by CuFe 2 O 4 Photocatalyst under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation

CuFe2O4 Photocatalyst was synthesized by a facile citric acid (CA)-assisted sol-gel method, and characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis diffuse re- flectance spectrum (UV-vis DRS). The sample prepared has a good solar light absorption ability and com- posed of almost uniform nanoparticles with a grain size of about 80 nm and crystallized in a tetragonal crystal phase structure. Then the photocatalytic inactivation of Escherichia coli under simulated solar light irradiation (λ= 200-900 nm) was performed with the photocatalyst to investigate the photocatalytic bactericidal capabil- ity.The results showed that CuFe2O4 has different sterilization activity with the change of the calcination tem- preature. when the calcination temperature is 700 ◦ C, the photocatalyst exhibited the optimal photocatalytic sterilization activity. The survival ratio of Escherichia coli is only 5.6% upon 60 min irradiation, whereas that with no light irradiation as a dark control and without photocatalyst as a control still reaches 94.4% and 87.4%, respectively, under the same conditions. It is shown that CuFe2O4 has no toxic itself and is a good visible -light photocatalyst.
Design and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of a Universal HIV-1 Vaccine

Background One of the big roadblocks in development of HIV-1/AIDS vaccines is the enormous diversity of HIV-1, which could limit the value of any HIV-1 vaccine candidate currently under test. Methodology and Findings To address the HIV-1 variation, we designed a novel T cell immunogen, designated HIVCONSV, by assembling the 14 most conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome into one chimaeric protein. Each segment is a consensus sequence from one of the four major HIV-1 clades A, B, C and D, which alternate to ensure equal clade coverage. The gene coding for the HIVCONSV protein was inserted into the three most studied vaccine vectors, plasmid DNA, human adenovirus serotype 5 and modified vaccine virus Ankara (MVA), and induced HIV-1-specific T cell responses in mice. We also demonstrated that these conserved regions prime CD8+ and CD4+ T cell to highly conserved epitopes in humans and that these epitopes, although usually subdominant, generate memory T cells in patients during natural HIV-1 infection. Significance Therefore, this vaccine approach provides an attractive and testable alternative for overcoming the HIV-1 variability, while focusing T cell responses on regions of the virus that are less likely to mutate and escape. Furthermore, this approach has merit in the simplicity of design and delivery, requiring only a single immunogen to provide extensive coverage of global HIV-1 population diversity.
Scrum in Practice: an Overview of Scrum Adaptations

Agile software development practices have gained widespread acceptance and application across all industries. Scrum, as one of the most widely used agile methods, has been adopted in countless organizations. However, while there is an understanding that practitioners rarely apply Scrum “by the book”, only little research addresses the actual adaptations and modifications that are made to fit Scrum to real world requirements: whether it is to solve methodological drawbacks, to fit the method to specific contextual constraint, or to add additional value to the method by augmentation or combination with other tools and methods. To get an overview of the proposed adaptations and their implications, this study presents a systematic review of literature reporting on challenges and motivations that lead to modifications of the Scrum method. Based on 31 relevant studies we extract seven distinct motivations for modifying Scrum, as well as six generic solution strategies to adapt the method.
Complementary medicines in psychiatry

Background The use of complementary medicines in those with mental health problems is well documented. However, their effectiveness is often not established and they may be less harmless than commonly assumed. Aims To review the complementary medicines routinely encountered in psychiatric practice, their effectiveness, potential adverse effects and interactions. Method Electronic and manual literature search on the effectiveness and safety of psychotropic complementary medicines. Results Potentially useful substances include ginkgo and hydergine as cognitive enhancers, passion flower and valerian as sedatives, St John's wort and sadenosylmethionine as antidepressants, and selenium and folate to complement antidepressants. The evidence is less conclusive for the use of omega-3 fatty acids as augmentation treatment in schizophrenia, melatonin for tardive dyskinesia and 18-methoxycoronaridine, an ibogaine derivative, for the treatment of cocaine and heroin addiction. Conclusions Systematic clinical trials are needed to test promising substances. Meanwhile, those wishing to take psychotropic complementary medicines require appropriate advice.
Effects of Fluoridated Milk on Root Dentin Remineralization

Background The prevalence of root caries is increasing with greater life expectancy and number of retained teeth. Therefore, new preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the prevalence of root caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fluoridated milk on the remineralization of root dentin and to compare these effects to those of sodium fluoride (NaF) application without milk. Methods Thirty extracted human molars were divided into 6 groups, and the root cementum was removed from each tooth. The dentin surface was demineralized and then incubated with one of the following six solutions: Sodium chloride NaCl, artificial saliva, milk, milk+2.5 ppm fluoride, milk+10 ppm fluoride and artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride. Serial sections were cut through the lesions and investigated with polarized light microscopy and quantitative morphometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The data were statistically evaluated using a one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons. Results The depth of the lesion decreased with increasing fluoride concentration and was the smallest after incubation with artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride. SEM analysis revealed a clearly demarcated superficial remineralized zone after incubation with milk+2.5 ppm fluoride, milk+10 ppm fluoride and artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride. Ca content in this zone increased with increasing fluoride content and was highest after artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride incubation. In the artificial saliva+10 ppm fluoride group, an additional crystalline layer was present on top of the lesion that contained elevated levels of F and Ca. Conclusion Incubation of root dentin with fluoridated milk showed a clear effect on root dentin remineralization, and incubation with NaF dissolved in artificial saliva demonstrated a stronger effect.
Direct Repair in Mammalian Cells

Direct repair is defined as the elimination of DNA and RNA damage using chemical rever‐ sion that does not require a nucleotide template, breakage of the phosphodiester backbone or DNA synthesis. As such, the process of direct repair is completely error-free, granting a major advantage in preservation of genetic information. In mammalian cells, direct repair is utilized to repair specific types of DNA and RNA damage caused by ubiquitous alkylating agents. Only two major types of proteins conduct direct repair in mammalian cells, O6methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT or AGT) and ALKBH family Fe(II)/α-keto‐ glutarate dioxygenases (FeKGDs). In humans and mice, a single direct repair methyltransferase protein exists, MGMT. In contrast, ALKBH FeKGDs represent a family of nine homologs with conserved active site domains. Although the biochemical function of a number of ALKBH proteins and their biological roles require further investigation, several directly repair alkylation damage in DNA and RNA at base-pairing sites.
A Novel Cognitive Security Approach for Internet of Things

--The Internet of Things (IoT) defined as an extremely interlinked network of heterogeneous devices where all kinds of communications are possible. Therefore, the security essential for such network becomes critical because the typical Internet security protocols identified as unusable in this type of networks, due to some classes of IoT devices with constrained resources. The IoT requires multifunctional security systems, which is protected with integrity, confidentiality, authentication and the network is protected against invasions, ructions and the data inside a sensor node. The cognitively it can learn from interactions with people and from experiences with their environment. It helps in reducing the complexity of the Internet of things is discovering data corrigibility. Cognitive security can drive the Internet of Things to heightened levels. This paper proposes cognitive security approach for internet of things network. The cognitive approach to improve the services provided to the user.
Recent Trends in Text Classification Techniques

Text Mining is the discovery of valuable, yet hidden, information from the text document. Text classification (Also called Text Categorization) is one of the important research issues in the field of text mining. With the dramatic increase in the amount of content available in digital forms gives rise to a problem to manage this online textual data. As a result, it has become a necessary to classify/categorize large texts (documents) into specific classes. Text Classification assigns a text document to one of a set of predefined classes. This paper covers different text classification techniques and also includes Classifier Architecture and Text Classification Applications. Terms Text Mining, Text Classification, Applications, Classifier Architecture, Classification Techniques.
Purinergic receptors in the circumvallate papillae of rats

P2X2 receptors and P2Y4 receptors are ATP-activated cell surface receptors that gate movement of K, Na, and Ca. We used immunocytochemistry for P2X2 and P2Y4 receptors as well as taste cell type markers to learn if P2X2 immunoreactivity (IR) is present in nerve processes in close apposition to Type II and/or Type III taste cells. We also tested to see if P2Y4 IR is present in Type II and/or Type III taste cells. Our results indicate that P2X2 is present only in intragemmal nerve processes. P2X2-LIR nerve processes form close contacts with Type II and Type III taste cells. P2Y4 IR is present in Type II cells that also display IP3R3 IR, and in Type III cells with Syntaxin-1 IR and 5HT IR. These data suggest that ATP stimulates P2X2 receptors on nerve processes and P2Y4 receptors present on both Type II cells and Type III cells.
Magnetodielectric coupling in multiferroic transition metal oxides

The study of materials that show cross-coupling effects between magnetization and electrical polarization (thus dielectric constant), has become one of the most popular areas in the field of solid state physics since the discovery of large magnetoelectric coupling in TbMnO3 in 2003. The revival of research into materials that show this cross-coupling effect, namely, magnetoelectrics and multiferroics, coincided with the integration of ferroelectric thin films and new high-k dielectrics in Si technology starting in the 1990s. These materials in thin film form could allow the coupling of polarization P to magnetization M, which can be potentially exploited for multiple-state memory elements. However, utilizing multiferroics as new multistate memory elements is not yet possible since the magnetic (electric) fields necessary to switch the electric (magnetic) state of the materials are too high to be used in memory devices due to the weak cross-coupling effects. This thesis aims to understand magneto(di)electric coupling in transition metal oxides. We have measured the magnetodielectric response of different known as well as novel materials and studied the effects of the magnetic symmetry and the structural changes on the magneto(di)electric coupling. Our studies provide valuable insight into the fundamental mechanisms of the coupling, which is necessary to understand the interplay of phonons, magnetism and electrical dipoles.