Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving IO test and system evaluation via data sharing

High speed I/O circuits are becoming increasingly critical as technology scales to increase system bandwidth and decrease power dissipation, die area and system cost. Highly integrated SOCs are currently equipped with large numbers of serial links to enable processing of high bandwidth data streams. There are two major challenges to continued scaling of highspeed I/Os: band-limited channels and timing uncertainty that require a good knowledge on customer system usage. In addition the increase push for customer differentiation and OEM's pushing more designs to low cost and less skilled design teams adds to the challenge. Adequate learning data sharing between customers and silicon provider is key in these emerging markets to meet quality and Time to Market targets.
Comparative Genomics Reveal Extensive Transposon-Mediated Genomic Plasticity and Diversity among Potential Effector Proteins within the Genus Coxiella

ABSTRACT Genetically distinct isolates of Coxiella burnetii, the cause of human Q fever, display different phenotypes with respect to in vitro infectivity/cytopathology and pathogenicity for laboratory animals. Moreover, correlations between C. burnetii genomic groups and human disease presentation (acute versus chronic) have been described, suggesting that isolates have distinct virulence characteristics. To provide a more-complete understanding of C. burnetii's genetic diversity, evolution, and pathogenic potential, we deciphered the whole-genome sequences of the K (Q154) and G (Q212) human chronic endocarditis isolates and the naturally attenuated Dugway (5J108-111) rodent isolate. Cross-genome comparisons that included the previously sequenced Nine Mile (NM) reference isolate (RSA493) revealed both novel gene content and disparate collections of pseudogenes that may contribute to isolate virulence and other phenotypes. While C. burnetii genomes are highly syntenous, recombination between abundant insertion sequence (IS) elements has resulted in genome plasticity manifested as chromosomal rearrangement of syntenic blocks and DNA insertions/deletions. The numerous IS elements, genomic rearrangements, and pseudogenes of C. burnetii isolates are consistent with genome structures of other bacterial pathogens that have recently emerged from nonpathogens with expanded niches. The observation that the attenuated Dugway isolate has the largest genome with the fewest pseudogenes and IS elements suggests that this isolate's lineage is at an earlier stage of pathoadaptation than the NM, K, and G lineages.
Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Müller Progenitor Cell Interaction Increase Müller Progenitor Cell Expression of PDGFRα and Ability to Induce Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in a Rabbit Model

Purpose. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a complication of retinal detachment characterized by redetachment of the retina as a result of membrane formation and contraction. A variety of retinal cells, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and Müller glia, and growth factors may be responsible. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is found in large quantities in PVR membranes, and is intrinsic to the development of PVR in rabbit models. This study explores the expression of PDGFR in cocultures of RPE and Müller cells over time to examine how these two cell types may collaborate in the development of PVR. We also examine how changes in PDGFRα expression alter Müller cell pathogenicity. Methods. Human MIO-M1 Müller progenitor (MPC) and ARPE19 cells were studied in a transmembrane coculture system. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were used to look at PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, and GFAP expression. A transfected MPC line cell line expressing the PDGFRα (MIO-M1α) was generated, and tested in a rabbit model for its ability to induce PVR. Results. The expression of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ was upregulated in MIO-M1 MPCs cocultured with ARPE19 cells; GFAP was slightly decreased. Increased expression of PDGFRα in the MIO-M1 cell line resulted in increased pathogenicity and enhanced ability to induce PVR in a rabbit model. Conclusions. Müller and RPE cell interaction can lead to upregulation of PDGFRα and increased Müller cell pathogenicity. Müller cells may play a more active role than previously thought in the development of PVR membranes, particularly when stimulated by an RPE-cell-rich environment. Additional studies of human samples and in animal models are warranted.
Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rising for Cylindrical Power Batteries

Whatever types of batteries, when they work out of the normal temperature range, their performances greatly worsen. When the battery charges or discharges in a high rate, it would be quite possible to arouse thermal runaway had the heat generated not dissipated properly. This article commits itself to take the variation of the battery internal resistance into account to revise the overall temperature rising curve based on a simplified battery thermal model. By carrying out necessary experiments and using CFD simulation tool we get a better battery temperature rising curve and contour of internal temperature distribution under different operating conditions. It is applicable to provide reference for the thermal management of power batteries.
Southern Ocean areas of endemism: a reanalysis using benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

The biogeographic history of the Southern Ocean (SO) fauna is complex and poorly studied, especially the areas of endemism. We reanalyzed the data of Marques & Pena Cantero (2010), along with other geographical records of endemic benthic hydroids below 45oS. A Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on 5o latitude by 5o longitude matrix with 61 species resulted in eight areas of endemism. We discuss these results in the context of different hypotheses of the evolution of the SO fauna and previously proposed biogeography patterns.
Effect of Size on the Mechanical Properties of Rh-20at%Pd Nanowire

The aim of this research was to calculate Yong modulus, Bulk modulus and the elastic constants of Rh-20at%Pd (atom percent) nanowire. The molecular dynamics simulation technique was used to calculate the mechanical properties at constant temperature, constant pressure ensemble. The cohesive energy of the model nanowire systems was calculated by Quantum Sutton-Chen many body potential. The temperature and the pressure of the system were controlled by Nose-Hoover thermostat and Berendsen barostat, respectivly. In addition effects of the diameter of nanowire on the mechanical properties were studied. The obtained results show that, when the diameter of Rh-Pd nanowire increase, elastic constants, bulk modulus and Young modulus all increase, and when the diameter reaches about 5.5 nm, the properties began to level off and remain constant.
Asymptotic Equivalent Performance of Multicell Massive MIMO With Spatial–Temporal Correlation

In this letter, we derive some asymptotic equivalent (AE) sum rates of a multicell downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with different beamforming schemes. Due to insufficient antenna spacing and user mobility, we take spatial and temporal correlation into consideration and obtain a correlated channel state information (CSI) model. Under the correlated CSI model, the AE sum rates with matched filter (MF), zero-forcing (ZF) and regularized zero-forcing (RZF) beamforming are obtained in closed-form expression based on random matrix theory. These AE sum rates provide a key insight into theoretically evaluating the effect of correlated CSI on the performance. We find that the spatial correlation has a negative effect on the sum rate and the three beamformings are all sensitive to the temporal correlation. Furthermore, RZF and ZF beamforming are more robust to the spatial correlation compared with MF beamforming.
Age and sex based genetic locus heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND Two genome scans for susceptibility loci for type 1 diabetes using large collections of families have recently been reported. Apart from strong linkage in both studies of the HLA region on chromosome 6p, clear consistent evidence for linkage was not observed at any other loci. One possible explanation for this is a high degree of locus heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes, and we hypothesised that the sex of affected offspring, age of diagnosis, and parental origin of shared alleles may be the bases of heterogeneity at some loci. METHODS Using data from a genome wide linkage study of 356 affected sib pairs with type 1 diabetes, we performed linkage analyses using parental origin of shared alleles in subgroups based on (1) sex of affected sibs and (2) age of diagnosis. RESULTS Among the results obtained, we observed that evidence for linkage toIDDM4 on chromosome 11q13 occurred predominantly from opposite sex, rather than same sex sib pairs. At a locus on chromosome 4q, evidence for linkage was observed in sibs where one was diagnosed above the age of 10 years and the other diagnosed below 10 years of age. CONCLUSIONS We show that heterogeneity tests based on age of diagnosis, sex of affected subject, and parental origin of shared alleles may be helpful in reducing locus heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes. If repeated in other samples, these findings may assist in the mapping of susceptibility loci for type 1 diabetes. Similar analyses can be recommended in other complex diseases.
Modelling the excess noise due to avalanche multiplication in (hetero-junction) bipolar transistors

We study the noise behaviour of bipolar transistors for collector voltages close to and beyond the collector-emitter breakdown voltage. We model the excess noise due to amplification of shot noise and due to the impact ionisation itself, both for weak avalanche and for strong avalanche. Our new model accurately predicts the measurements, without the need for parameter fitting to noise data.
A graphical chain model for reciprocal relationships between women's gender role attitudes and labour force participation

Summary. We use a graphical chain model to investigate the reciprocal relationships between changes in women's labour force participation following entry into parenthood and changes in gender role attitude. Results suggest that attitudes are not fixed and that revision of these attitudes in the light of recent life course events is an important process. The adaptation of attitudes to events appears to be stronger than the selection of individuals on the basis of attitudes. We show that it is not entry into parenthood as such, but the change in economic activity that is related to this event that is associated with attitude change.
Effect of drugs on discharge characteristics of chronic epileptogenic lesions

MOST EXPERIMENTAL evaluations of anticonvulsant drugs have been done through the use of acute preparations employing seizures induced by electroshock or by Metrazol. While such measurements provide valuable basic screening for potential anticonvulsant compounds, they do not permit detailed analysis of anticonvulsant action over an extended time period. It seemed, furthermore, that the animal with a chronic epileptogenic lesion was more closely related to the usual clinical situation than either Metrazol or electroshock challenge. A modification of the freezing principle has been developed which employs a fine jet of ethyl chloride spray applied to a 1to 2-mm. area of cortex. ' The technic will be outlined in detail elsewhere. The method has now been used in 68 rabbits and cats and has produced reliable epileptogenic foci in 55 animals. Seizure discharges began approximately three hours after application of the spray and persisted as a well-defined focus for at least six months-the maximum period of observation so far. Whether or not clinical symptoms appeared depended, of course, on the site of the focus, intensity of discharge, and preferential pathways of spread. One of the major difficulties in evaluating drug effects in chronic preparations is the natural, day-to-day variation in the interictal spike dsicharge. The cause of this variation is unknown, but the fact has been emphasized by Kennard2 and by the Kopeloff~. ~ In our own preparation, we also noted long-term, day-to-day variation in spike discharge frequency. However, we noted that, in a given animal, spike frequency was remarkably constant from three to twelve hours after initial development of the discharge. We therefore
Mining Binary Expressions: Applications and Algorithms

In data mining, searching for frequent patterns is a common basic operation. It forms the basis of many interesting decision support processes. In this paper we present a new type of patterns, binary expressions. Based on the properties of a specified binary test, such as reflexivity, transitivity and symmetry, we construct a generic algorithm that mines all frequent binary expressions. We present three applications of this new type of expressions: mining for rules, for horizontal decompositions, and in intensional database relations. Since the number of binary expressions can become exponentially large, we use data mining techniques to avoid exponential execution times. We present results of the algorithm that show an exponential gain in time due to a well chosen pruning technique. Research Assistant of the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (Belgium)(F.W.O. Vlaanderen).
RESPONSE OF TROPHIC GROUPS OF MACROBENTHIC FAUNA TO ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE CAUSED BY FISH FARMING

Sediment dynamics and the hydrodynamics of the environment cause the complexity and variability in animal-sediment relationship, both in spatial and temporal. This study is focused on the response of macrobenthic fauna to environmental disturbance caused by fish farming using their trophic structure. Their changes in trophic structure can be used as an indicator of disturbance. Eight control sites and eight farm pontoon sites were samped in a full year period. Two stations at each site were sampled five times throughout the year with four replicates. Macrobenthic abundance was categorised based on six major trophic groups: carnivores (CAR), herbivores (HER), omnivores (OMN), suspension feeders (SF), surface deposit feeders (SDF), and subsurface deposit feeders (SSDF). The Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI) and Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H’) were used to assess the degree of environmental disturbance caused by fish farming based on trophic structure. The relationship between ITI and H’ was assessed using Spearman’s rank order correlation (rho). The result showed that the abundance of deposit feeders was significantly higher at the farm sites than at the control sites, suggesting that food availability is more varied and abundant at farm sites than those at control sites. The results of the ITI indicate that the entire sampling sites have been moderately disturbed over the sampling period, with the exception for site BC8. Variability of Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H’) spatially and temporally seems co-vary with ITI, owing to the influence of taxa richness and evenness.
Living on the Edge: Contrasted Wood-Formation Dynamics in Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris under Mediterranean Conditions

Wood formation in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was intra-annually monitored to examine plastic responses of the xylem phenology according to altitude in one of the southernmost areas of their distribution range, i.e., in the Moncayo Natural Park, Spain. The monitoring was done from 2011 to 2013 at 1180 and 1580 m a.s. l. , corresponding to the lower and upper limits of European beech forest in this region. Microcores containing phloem, cambium and xylem were collected biweekly from twenty-four trees from the beginning of March to the end of November to assess the different phases of wood formation. The samples were prepared for light microscopy to observe the following phenological phases: onset and end of cell production, onset and end of secondary wall formation in xylem cells and onset of cell maturation. The temporal dynamics of wood formation widely differed among years, altitudes and tree species. For Fagus sylvatica, the onset of cambial activity varied between the first week of May and the third week of June. Cambial activity then slowed down and stopped in summer, resulting in a length of growing season of 48–75 days. In contrast, the growing season for P. sylvestris started earlier and cambium remained active in autumn, leading to a period of activity varying from 139-170 days. The intra-annual wood-formation pattern is site and species-specific. Comparison with other studies shows a clear latitudinal trend in the duration of wood formation, positive for Fagus sylvatica and negative for P. sylvestris.
DYNAMIC PROCESSING SLOTS SCHEDULING FOR I / O INTENSIVE JOBS OF HADOOP ON PATHOLOGY DATA

The increasing use of computing resource in our daily lives leads to data generation at an astonishing rate. The computing industry is being repeatedly questioned for its ability to accommodate the unpredictable growth rate of data.It has encouraged the development. Hadoop consists of Hadoop Mapreduce and Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), is a platform for large scale data and processing. Distributed processing has become common as the number of data has been increasing rapidly worldwide and the scale of processes has become larger, so that Hadoop has attracted many cloud computing enterprises and technology enthusiasts. Hadoop users are expanding under this situation. My studies are to develop the faster of executing jobs Originated by Hadoop and Hive. Our Proposed work is to set dynamic processing slots scheduling for I/O intensive jobs of Hadoop MapReduce focusing on I/O wait during execution of the pathology data efficiently on the Hadoop cluster or clouds. Assigning more tasks to added free slots when CPU resources with the high rate of I/O wait have been detected on each active Task Tracker node leads to the improvement of 30% of CPU performance.
Chapter 9 Consciousness , Decision-Making and Neural Computation

Computational processes that are closely related to conscious processing and reasoning are described. Evidence is reviewed that there are two routes to action, the explicit, conscious, one involving reasoning, and an implicit, unconscious route for well-learned actions to obtain goals. Then a higher order syntactic thought (HOST) computational theory of consciousness is described. It is argued that the adaptive value of higher order syntactic thoughts is to solve the credit assignment problem that arises if a multi-step syntactic plan needs to be corrected. It is then suggested that it feels like something to be an organism that can think about its own linguistic and semantically based thoughts. It is suggested that qualia, raw sensory and emotional feels, arise secondarily to having evolved such a HOST processing system, and that sensory and emotional processing feels like something because it would be unparsimonious for it to enter the planning, HOST system and not feel like something. Neurally plausible models of decision-making are described, which are based on noise-driven and therefore probabilistic integrate-and-fire attractor neural networks, and it is proposed that networks of this type are involved when decisions are made between the explicit and implicit routes to action. This raises interesting issues about free will. It has been argued that the confidence one has in one’s decisions provides an objective measure of awareness, but it is shown that two coupled attractor networks can account for decisions based on confidence estimates from previous decisions. In analyses of the implementation of consciousness, it is shown that the threshold for access to the consciousness system is higher than that for producing behavioural responses. The adaptive value of this may be that the systems in the brain that implement the type of information processing involved in conscious thoughts are not interrupted by small signals that could be noise in sensory pathways. Then oscillations are argued to not be a necessary part of the implementation of consciousness in the brain. E.T. Rolls ( ) Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK e-mail: Edmund.Rolls@oxcns.org V. Cutsuridis et al. (eds.), Perception-Action Cycle: Models, Architectures, and Hardware, Springer Series in Cognitive and Neural Systems 1, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1452-1 9, c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 287
Optimum color spaces for skin detection

The objective of this paper is to show that for every color space there exists an optimum skin detector scheme such that the performance of all these skin detectors schemes is the same. To that end, a theoretical proof is provided and experiments are presented which show that the separability of the skin and no skin classes is independent of the color space chosen.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Visceral Pain Secondary to Chronic Non-alcoholic Pancreatitis

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) suppresses visceral response to colon distension in an animal model. In humans, it may be an effective therapy for chronic pain of pelvic origin, irritable bowel syndrome, and persistent unspecified abdominal pain. Described here is the case of SCS for 38-year-old woman with visceral pain secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Previous therapies included numerous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies, multiple pancreatic duct stenting, chemical and surgical sympathectomies with short-lasting pain relief. After the initial evaluation, the patient underwent retrograde epidural differential block to determine possible source of pain. Delay in pain recurrence after block suggested that the origin of her pain was visceral. After the psychologic evaluation, the patient underwent SCS trial over 14 days. She had 2 trial leads placed epidurally via T9-T10 paramedian entry with the tips of both leads positioned at T6 vertebral body. During the trial, visual analog scale pain score decreased from 8 to 1 cm, Pain Disability Index from 62 to 14, and opioid use from 150 to 0 mg of morphine sulfate equivalent a day. After the completion of successful SCS trial, she was implanted with dual octrode leads and rechargeable pulse generator. Median pain scores decreased from 8 to 1 at 3 months after the implant. Pain Disability Index changed from 62 to 15. Opiate use decreased to none. It seems that SCS may have a significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of visceral pain secondary to chronic pancreatitis.
Optimal Path Planning for Mobile Robots Using Memory Efficient A*

Optimal path for robot in collision free space is influenced by a number of factors such as path length, total number of turns, and execution time. A* is a well-known grid based path planning approach used for path planning of robots. In this paper, an efficient variation of A*, named Memory Efficient A* (MEA*), is proposed to find optimal path between start and goal point while avoiding obstacles. Performance of proposed algorithm is compared with popular grid based path planning approaches. Simulation results have shown that MEA* performs better with increased computational efficiency. It generates shorter paths in less time with less memory requirements. Moreover, proposed approach also outperforms other grid based planners in narrow passages and complex environments as well. These advantages of proposed approach make it feasible for mobile robots having limited memory and energy constraints.