Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'ACCEPTABILITÉ SOCIALE DE L'AMÉNAGEMENT FORESTIER SUR L'ÎLE D'ANTICOSTI, UN TERRITOIRE À VOCATION FAUNIQUE

Anticosti Island, located in the province of Quebec, represents an interesting case for studying social acceptability of forest management. Its particularity resides in the fact that the primary vocation of the territory is wildlife management for deer hunting. Hunting industry constitutes by far the main economic activity for the islander population of 270 people. However, a progressive lost of deer habitat observed on the island threatens the deer population and consequently, the industry’s survival. In order to solve the problem, the forest industry has been granted a Forest Management Contract for the territory, with the mandate of restoring deer habitat. Thus, the survival of this industry is conditional to: 1) its efficiency in restoring the habitat, and 2) the social acceptability of its proposed management. The objective of this study consists in evaluating the social acceptability of forest management on the island. By studying stakeholders’ concerns, fears and needs, we identified the pertinent factors that influence judgement of acceptability. Interviews have been conducted with residents, hunting guides and hunters. In addition, a survey was also completed by the islanders. Two dimensions characterize the concept of acceptability on Anticosti: 1) a conceptual dimension, where the individual judges according to the legitimacy of the strategy, and 2) a practical dimension, where the individual judges according to the direct impacts of the strategy on its hunting activities. Anticosti stakeholders’ judgements of acceptability about forest management were strongly influenced by scepticism regarding scientific knowledge and the strategy implementation. While researchers, forest managers and wildlife managers agreed on a common definition concerning deer population and habitat issues, a significant number of local stakeholders had different perceptions of the problem, leading to an important questioning regarding the legitimacy of the forest management strategy. Participants’ doubts about scientific knowledge were largely based on personnel observations and perceptions often conflicting with the scientific conclusions that justify the application of the actual strategy. Scepticism caused by the experimental aspect of the strategy also led to concerns about possible risks and the efficiency of the strategy. In conclusion, the
Attacks on the Vehicle Ad-hoc Network from Cyberspace

—The emergence of Vehicle Ad hoc Networks (VANET) in 2003 has brought about a significant advancement in mobile phone networks and VANETs enable cars on the road to communicate with each other and the infrastructure on the street through a set of sensors and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). However VANETs are a low-level trust environment, making them vulnerable to misbehavior attacks and abnormal use. Thus, it is crucial to ensure that VANET systems and applications are secure and protected from cyber-attacks. This research aims to identify security challenges and vulnerabilities in VANET and proposes an algorithm that checks vehicle identity, location, and speed to detect and classify suspicious behavior. The research involves a study of the structures, architecture, and applications using VANET technology, the interconnection processes between them, and the types of architecture, layers, and applications that can pose a high risk. The research also focuses on the Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) information security triangle and develops a program that uses machine learning to classify and analyze risks, attacks. The proposed algorithm provides security and safety for everyone on the road by identifying harmful behaviors of vehicles through knowledge of their location and identity. Overall, this research contributes to the development of a stable and secure Vehicular ad hoc network environment, enabling the integration of VANET security with smart cities.
A Comparison of Problem Solving Strategies of Primary School 3rd and 4th Graders

The aim of the study is to find out the problem-solving strategies used by primary school 3rd and 4th-graders in solving non-routine problems. The basic qualitative research design, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used in the research. The participants of the research consisted of 216 students, 104 of them in the third-grade and 112 of them in the fourth-grade. The "problem-solving test" developed by the researcher was used as a data collection tool. Descriptive analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. When the results of the research were examined, it was discovered that primary school third-graders mostly used making a drawing strategy in solving non-routine problems; guessing and checking and looking for a pattern strategies were the most commonly used strategies after making a drawing strategy. When the problem-solving strategies used by primary school fourth-graders were examined, it was discovered that guessing and checking was the most commonly used strategy and this strategy was followed by the strategy of looking for a pattern and making a drawing. It was concluded that primary school fourth-graders were more likely to use the other problem-solving strategies apart from making a drawing strategy than the third-graders.
Green Manure Crops as Food Source: Impact on the Performance of the Migratory Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Simple Summary Green manure application is an effective management practice for enhancing soil nutrient levels and organic matter, but pest management in green manure fields has traditionally been ignored. The beet webworm, a polyphagous insect, is currently experiencing an outbreak in northern China, and represents a significant migratory pest. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of green manure crops on beet webworm by measuring its growth, development, fecundity, and flight ability on Chenopodium album (a suitable host), as well as three major legume green manure crops in China: Pisum sativam, Vicia sativa, and Vicia villosa. Our findings indicate that V. villosa does not serve as a host plant for the beet webworm, which experiences 100% mortality during its larval stage. This indicates that the large-scale cultivation of V. villosa as a green manure crop in northern China will not increase the risk of the beet webworm outbreaks. Although the beet webworm has a significantly lower host adaptability to P. sativam and V. sativa compared to C. album, it is still well adapted to these two green manure crops. Our research provides a foundation for selecting appropriate green manure varieties and implementing effective pest control measures during their cultivation. Abstract The application of green manure is crucial for achieving sustainable agriculture and animal husbandry, but pest management is often overlooked. Conducting a risk assessment for insect pests in green manure is essential. The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, a polyphagous insect, is currently experiencing an outbreak in northern China, and represents a significant migratory pest. A two-sex life table and flight mill test approach was used to comprehensively evaluate the effects of three major legume green manure crops (Pisum sativam, Vicia sativa, and Vicia villosa) on the growth, development, fecundity, and flight ability of L. sticticalis in China. Our findings indicate that L. sticticalis cannot utilize V. villosa for generational development. L. sticticalis shows reduced performance on P. sativam and V. sativa compared to its suitable host Chenopodium album. However, both the population parameters (R0, r, λ, and T) and the population prediction results suggest that L. sticticalis can adapt to P. sativam and V. sativa. In the process of promoting green manure, careful consideration should be given to the selection of appropriate green manure varieties and the implementation of effective pest control measures during their planting. Our findings lay the groundwork for the promotion of green manure and implementation of an ecological management plan for L. sticticalis.
Molecular Detection and Epidemiology of Potentially Zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from Eastern Spain

Simple Summary Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are widely distributed pathogens in vertebrates. Both protozoa are among the major causes of diarrhoea in humans. Wild boars are known hosts of both parasites and are able to harbour zoonotic species. The main goal of this study was to molecularly evaluate the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in faecal samples taken from hunted wild boar in eastern Spain. This area is experiencing a rapid increase in the wild boar population, which is colonising all habitats, including urban and peri-urban areas, thereby increasing interactions with humans. Both parasites were found in our study, evidencing a high prevalence, mainly of Cryptosporidium scrofarum and Cryptosporidium suis, which have been previously reported to affect humans. These results point out the potential for wild boar-human transmission because of close contact interactions, such as space sharing or dressing for meat consumption. Abstract The protozoans Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are common causes of gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. While both are commonly documented in domestic animals, few studies have analysed their presence in wildlife. To assess the prevalence of both parasites in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the Valencian Community (eastern Spain), 498 wild boar faecal samples were collected from 2018 to 2022. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected by performing a nested PCR targeting a 578 bp sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. For G. duodenalis, a qPCR amplifying a fragment of 62 bp from the SSU rRNA was employed. Positive samples were genotyped for glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes. Different epidemiological factors were considered potential modulating variables in the transmission of both parasites. G. duodenalis prevalence was 1.20%, while Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence reached 21.7%. Coinfection was observed in 0.2%. Genotyping of G. duodenalis isolates only detected genotype E. Two species of Cryptosporidium spp. were identified: Cryptosporidium scrofarum and Cryptosporidium suis. The results of this study demonstrate that the exposure to Cryptosporidium spp. in wild boars is high, particularly among young individuals belonging to the Typical Mediterranean climate. Moreover, the probability of infection is dependent on both the season and the density of wild boars. On the other side, exposure to G. duodenalis seems scarce and is influenced, in turn, by the climate. Both Cryptosporidium species detected in the present study have been reported in humans. Due to wild boar increasing in number and their colonisation of urban and peri-urban areas, this could represent an inherent health risk for the human population.
Do the Choices of Family Business CEOs Affect Investment Decisions?

Abstract Family firms are a common organizational form in emerging economies. Almost 80% of firms are controlled by families and 40% of them are controlled by founder CEOs in Taiwan. Thus, family founders play an important role in complex financial decisions. In addition, the average age of family CEOs is around 60 years old, so now is a big time for the succeeding generation to make the right decisions leading to a successful family business. However, prior studies have contradictory conclusions about the relationship between family firms and investment policies. The sample is based on data from Taiwan family firms for whom the data was manually collected on annul reporting over a period of 2009-2015. Unlike the expectation of the entrenchment effect, we find that both family founder and family descendant CEOs have a propensity to undertake efficient investment decisions, which supports the socioemotional wealth perspective. JEL classification numbers: G11, D61, J12. Keywords: Investment efficiency, Over-investment, Family Founder, Family Descendants.
Tri-Level Modality-Information Disentanglement for Visible-Infrared Person Re-Identification

Aiming to match the person identity between daytime VISible (VIS) and nighttime Near-InfraRed (NIR) images, VIS-NIR re-identification (Re-ID) has attracted increasing attention due to its wide applications in low-light scenes. However, dramatic modality discrepancies between VIS and NIR images lead to a considerable intra-class gap in the feature space, which impacts identity matching. To bridge the modality gap, we propose a Tri-level Modality-information Disentanglement (TMD) to disentangle modality information at the levels of raw image, features distribution and instance features. Our model consists of three key modules, including Style-Aligned Converter (SAC), Two-Steps Wasserstein Loss (TSWL) and Self-supervised Orthogonal Disentanglement (SOD) to handle the modality information at the three levels. Firstly, aiming at reducing modality discrepancy at image-level, the SAC is introduced to generate style-aligned images by the designed style converter and $\mathcal {A}$-distance learning approach. The SAC can effectively alleviate the style discrepancy between VIS and NIR images with a negligible increase in model complexity. Secondly, considering the heterogeneity of VIS and NIR feature distribution caused by the structure- and style-misaligned raw images, we propose the TSWL to decrease the VIS-NIR gap at distribution-level by two distribution alignment steps. Specifically, after generating style-consistent images, we eliminate modality-related discrepancy by aligning the distribution between structure-aligned original and generated VIS/NIR images and bridge the modality-unrelated gap by aligning the style-consistent generated VIS-NIR images. Thirdly, focusing on further reducing the modality discrepancy at instance-level, the SOD is presented to construct orthogonal constraints between the extracted modality- and identity-related features. Since the modality-related factors are disentangled from the instance features, the proposed TMD efficiently learns the modality-unrelated and identity-discriminative representations, which are productive to conduct person Re-ID task on the VIS-NIR images. Comprehensive experiments are carried out on two cross-modality pedestrian Re-ID datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of TMD.
Systematic review of externally validated machine learning models for predicting acute kidney injury in general hospital patients

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and consequential complications among hospitalized patients. Timely AKI risk prediction may allow simple interventions that can minimize or avoid the harm associated with its development. Given the multifactorial and complex etiology of AKI, machine learning (ML) models may be best placed to process the available health data to generate accurate and timely predictions. Accordingly, we searched the literature for externally validated ML models developed from general hospital populations using the current definition of AKI. Of 889 studies screened, only three were retrieved that fit these criteria. While most models performed well and had a sound methodological approach, the main concerns relate to their development and validation in populations with limited diversity, comparable digital ecosystems, use of a vast number of predictor variables and over-reliance on an easily accessible biomarker of kidney injury. These are potentially critical limitations to their applicability in diverse socioeconomic and cultural settings, prompting a need for simpler, more transportable prediction models which can offer a competitive advantage over the current tools used to predict and diagnose AKI.
A Review on the Impact of Oxidative Stress and Medicinal Plants on Leydig Cells

Leydig cells are essential for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cellular antioxidant level brings about oxidative stress. Oxidative stress (OS) results in the dysfunction of Leydig cells, thereby impairing steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis, and ultimately, male infertility. To prevent Leydig cells from oxidative insults, there needs to be a balance between the ROS production and the cellular protective capacity of antioxidants. Evidence indicates that medicinal plants could improve Leydig cell function at specific concentrations under basal or OS conditions. The increased usage of medicinal plants has been considered a possible alternative treatment for male infertility. This review aims to provide an overview of the impact of oxidative stress on Leydig cells as well as the effects of various medicinal plant extracts on TM3 Leydig cells. The medicinal plants of interest include Aspalathus linearis, Camellia sinensis, Moringa oleifera, Morinda officinale, Taraxacum officinale, Trichilia emetica, Terminalia sambesiaca, Peltophorum africanum, Ximenia caffra, Serenoa repens, Zingiber officinale, Eugenia jambolana, and a combination of dandelion and fermented rooibos (CRS-10). According to the findings obtained from studies conducted on the evaluated medicinal plants, it can, therefore, be concluded that the medicinal plants maintain the antioxidant profile of Leydig cells under basal conditions and have protective or restorative effects following exposure to oxidative stress. The available data suggest that the protective role exhibited by the evaluated plants may be attributed to their antioxidant content. Additionally, the use of the optimal dosage or concentration of the extracts in the management of oxidative stress is of the utmost importance, and the measurement of their oxidation reduction potential is recommended.
Tuning of PID parameters based on particle swarm optimization

PID controller has the advantages of simple algorithm, easy realization, easy adjustment and good robustness, and is widely used in various industries. Engineers have accumulated a wealth of experience in the long-term practice of PID controller parameter tuning, but the traditional experience-based PID parameter tuning method has been unable to meet the control needs of modern nonlinear complex objects. In this paper, the PID parameter tuning algorithm of basic particle swarm optimization (PSO) is designed. Establish the second-order system, select the experience trial and error method to tune the PID parameters, this method cannot quickly calculate the PID parameters, the staff need to rely on experience to constantly try and error, inefficient. However, the optimal solution of PID parameters can be obtained quickly by using PSO, and the control effect is good.
Universal Design for Learning for Children with ADHD

Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition that shows developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity. Symptoms begin at a young age and usually include a lack of attention, poor concentration, disorganization, difficulty completing tasks, forgetfulness, and losing things. It is important to diagnose and treat the disorder at a young age so that the symptoms do not persist into adulthood and cause other comorbid conditions. Learning difficulties, motor impairment, anxiety, or depressive disorders may occur with this condition. To improve the academic careers of children with ADHD, we focused on a specific innovative educational approach (Universal Design for Learning) that could improve basic learning skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic skills) to prevent or manage any learning difficulty that could occur with ADHD. The Universal Design for Learning is an individualized approach that combines current neuroscientific knowledge, creating personalized teaching based on the strengths and weaknesses of the student. The goal of this study is to analyze the impact that this approach has on basic learning abilities. We found that both interventions led to improvements in test performance, indicating that interventions were necessary to enhance reading, writing, and arithmetic skills. Furthermore, the group that received an educational intervention based on Universal Design for Learning demonstrated a more significant improvement in these areas. Additionally, we propose that the set of techniques implemented by teachers in the classroom helped children to read, write, and perform math tasks correctly and more fluently.
Innate Immune System in the Context of Radiation Therapy for Cancer

Simple Summary Ionizing radiation therapy is an important component of cancer treatment. This review provides a summary of the latest advancements, clinical use, and limitations of radiation therapy. Moreover, this review explores how radiation affects the body’s natural defense system, which plays a crucial role in fighting cancer. The immune responses triggered by radiation therapy help the body eliminate tumors naturally. We explore how radiation therapy triggers the immune cells of the body, like macrophages, dendric cells, and natural killer cells, to kill tumor cells effectively. The review also offers strategies to enhance the effectiveness of radiation therapy while preserving the body’s innate immune system. This comprehensive review is valuable for researchers, as it sheds light on the cutting-edge developments in radiation therapy and its potential impact on cancer treatment. This newfound knowledge can ultimately lead to improved cancer treatments and better outcomes for cancer patients. Abstract Radiation therapy (RT) remains an integral component of modern oncology care, with most cancer patients receiving radiation as a part of their treatment plan. The main goal of ionizing RT is to control the local tumor burden by inducing DNA damage and apoptosis within the tumor cells. The advancement in RT, including intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), image-guided RT, and proton therapy, have increased the efficacy of RT, equipping clinicians with techniques to ensure precise and safe administration of radiation doses to tumor cells. In this review, we present the technological advancement in various types of RT methods and highlight their clinical utility and associated limitations. This review provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating innate immune responses, which have not been well documented earlier. Apoptosis of cancer cells following RT triggers immune systems that contribute to the eradication of tumors through innate and adoptive immunity. The innate immune system consists of various cell types, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, which serve as key mediators of innate immunity in response to RT. This review will concentrate on the significance of the innate myeloid and lymphoid lineages in anti-tumorigenic processes triggered by RT. Furthermore, we will explore essential strategies to enhance RT efficacy. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to comprehend the clinical application and limitations of various RT methods and provides insights into how RT modulates innate immune signaling.