Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adding reports to coalition battle management language for NATO MSG-048

The NATO Modeling and Simulation Group Technical Activity 48 (MSG-048) was chartered in 2006 to investigate the potential of a Coalition Battle Management Language for multinational and NATO interoperation of command and control systems with modeling and simulation. Its initial work in defining and demonstrating a basic capability for this purpose has been reported in previous Euro-SIW papers. This paper addresses Phase 2 of the Technical Activity which expanded the BML paradigm by adding C2 Reports, enabling two-way flow of information between C2 and simulation systems. The new capability was demonstrated at the InterService/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference (I/ITSEC) 2008. The demonstration configuration combined three national C2 systems and three national simulations along with middleware from two other nations. The result was a generic C2-simulation linkage with no humans in the information exchange loop. This was achieved in only four months, using a network-enabled development approach with an Internet Reference Implementation combined with a powerful development environment based on a C2 Lexical Grammar graphical user interface for inspection of the exchanged information, plus a scripted approach for rapid development of expanded BML Web services. This paper provides a description of the BML Reports and the enhanced development methodology to support expansion of the BML concept in general and the work of the SISO C-BML Product Development Group in particular. We conclude with a projection of the work of MSG-048 in 2009, which focuses on operational validation of the C-BML concept.
Comment améliorer la relation avec le patient en onco-hématologie?

Face au traumatisme d’une maladie grave et des traitements qui en decoulent, des actions benefiques participent au reconfort du patient et de sa famille. La relation etablie par le soignant avec le patient et sa famille est un element de la qualite des soins; elle s’inscrit dans une demarche continue d’amelioration des pratiques. Cet article illustre l’importance de cette relation a travers le vecu d’un service d’onco-hematologie.
TinySet - An Access Efficient Self Adjusting Bloom Filter Construction

Bloom filters are a very popular and efficient data structure for approximate set membership queries. However, Bloom filters have several key limitations as they require 44% more space than the lower bound, their operations access multiple memory words and they do not support removals. This work presents TinySet, an alternative Bloom filter construction that is more space efficient than Bloom filters for false positive rates smaller than 2.8%, accesses only a single memory word and partially supports removals. TinySet is mathematically analyzed and extensively tested and is shown to be fast and more space efficient than a variety of Bloom filter variants. TinySet also has low sensitivity to configuration parameters and is therefore more flexible than a Bloom filter.
Research on Simulation and Evaluation of Production Running in Digital Factory Environment

Digital factory is a new technology to construct a virtual plant framework to integrate manufacturing process planning with manufacturing execution. Object-Oriented technology is introduced to simulate complicated discrete production system. And a virtual factory is constructed in digital environment. In this paper, manufacturing resource library is built to manage manufacturing equipments and all the other resources to support production process. Especially intelligent digital models of manufacturing equipments can apperceive change of performance state. Accordingly time-varying manufacturing capability of equipments can be acquired as basic elements of production evaluation system. Through coupling production capability of equipments, hierarchical manufacturing capabilities of production line and plant may be estimated respectively in simulation system. By means of digital factory technology, product design, manufacturing process, production planning can be verified and optimized through production running simulation. Altogether digital factory technology is a new production organizational mode which runs through the whole product lifecycle.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Neutrophil Adhesion during Experimental Extracorporeal Circulation

Background Myocardial and pulmonary injuries often occur after cardiopulmonary bypass, mediated in part by neutrophil activation and adhesion to endothelial cells. The effects of nitric oxide (NO) administration on neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells after simulated extracorporeal circulation were investigated. Methods Two identical extracorporeal circulation circuits were primed with fresh human blood and circulated for 2 h at 37 [degree sign]C. Nitric oxide at a 40‐ppm concentration was added to one of the oxygenators in each pair. Neutrophil CD11b/CD18 expression and their adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers were assayed in leukocytes isolated from samples drawn from the circuit 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after circulation began. In another series of experiments, blocking monoclonal antibodies to both neutrophil CD11b and CD18 were incubated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes after removal from the circuit before the adhesion assay. Results After 60 min of circulation, the neutrophils from NO‐treated circuits showed significantly reduced CD11b/CD18 surface expression compared with the control group. There was also a significant reduction in neutrophil ‐ endothelial adhesion in the NO group after 120 min of circulation. Monoclonal antibodies to both CD11b and CD18 significantly inhibited the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at endothelial cells after 120 min of circulation. Conclusions These results confirm that neutrophil activation occurs during cardiopulmonary bypass. The addition of NO to the circuits of extracorporeal circulation significantly affects neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells.
Hierarchicalized matrices: codeswitching among urban Nigerian Arabs

Abstract One of the most developed models for explaining bilingual constituents is the matrix language frame model (Myers-Scotton 1997). Its basic insight is that a bilingual constituent will be determined by the abstract structure underlying only one of the languages of the constituent, the matrix language. While the model has been tested against many language situations, a situation typical for minority linguistic groups in Maiduguri in NE Nigeria has not been studied in detail. The present study centers on Nigerian Arabs. Urban Nigerian Arabs are typically bilingual in Nigerian Arabic (NA) and Hausa, and additionally they use English and Standard Arabic, particularly for lexical concepts. Bilingual speech (codeswitching) is supported by both NA and Hausa matrices. In a number of respects, however, both lexical and constituent insertions into these two languages are different. This article documents these differences on the basis of an extensive spoken corpus, and examines their implication for the notion of matrix language. It is argued that the structural notion of matrix language needs to be supplemented with a perspective allowing matrix languages to be conceived of in hierarchical terms.
Malignancies in patients with cirrhosis: CT sensitivity and specificity in 200 consecutive transplant patients.

PURPOSE To determine the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography (CT) as a screening tool in patients with cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT examinations were performed before liver transplantation in 200 consecutive patients with cirrhosis. Scans were prospectively reviewed and compared with pathologic findings in the fresh serially sectioned whole livers. RESULTS Pathologic evaluation revealed hepatocellular carcinoma in 35 patients and cholangiocarcinoma in five. Malignancy was clinically suspected in 18 patients prior to imaging. CT depicted tumor in 25 patients; tumor was identified only at pathologic study in 14 patients. Sensitivity of unenhanced and enhanced CT in detection of malignancy was 63% and 68%, respectively, and specificity was 63% and 81%, respectively. Cysts and hemangiomas were found in only 10 and five patients, respectively. CONCLUSION CT is insensitive for detection of neoplasms in the cirrhotic liver. Unsuspected malignant neoplasms are encountered more frequently than cysts or hemangiomas. Sensitivity of unenhanced CT for tumor detection is similar to that of enhanced CT; unenhanced CT, however, is less specific for malignancy.
Difficult Starts: Turbulence in the School Year and Its Impact on Urban Students' Achievement

Although the creation of the course schedule is one of the first and most important tasks undertaken to begin each school year, recent research has demonstrated that the scheduling process is often fraught with inefficiency and difficulties for teachers and students, difficulties that have been hypothesized to influence student outcomes negatively. This article extends this research by examining the degree to which students' grades are affected by a set of changes and disruptions--referred to as turbulence--that many students experience at the beginning of the school year. Using data from a large urban school district, the analyses of this article first demonstrate the existence of turbulence and document its widespread prevalence in the first year of high school. The impact of turbulence is then examined at two points in ninth grade, with results showing that in both the grades students receive in the first grading period and in their final year-end grades, students who experience more turbulence receive significantly lower marks. These analyses also point to a threshold effect, in which students who encounter some disruptions have somewhat lower grades while those who experience more have substantially lower grades. In the final section of the article, a multilevel examination of school-level factors related to turbulence reveals that, consistent with organizational theory, a substantial portion of between-school differences in turbulence are related to higher levels of student variation and turnover.
The Fatty Liver Index: A Simple and Accurate Predictor of Colorectal Adenoma in an Average-Risk Population

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with increased risk of colorectal adenoma, a precursor of colorectal cancer. Because nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colorectal adenoma share many common risk factors of metabolic syndrome, the association between these 2 pathological findings has been investigated in multiple studies, but the results have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the fatty liver index, a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the prevalence of colorectal adenomas. DESIGN: This is a retrospective observational study. SETTINGS: This study was conducted at a single expert center. PATIENTS: A total of 2976 consecutive subjects over 40 years of age undergoing routine checkups including abdominal ultrasonography and colonoscopy at Chung-Ang University Hospital Health Care Center were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was the prevalence of colorectal adenomas according to fatty liver index. RESULTS: Among these subjects, 932 (31.3%) had colorectal adenoma, 691 (23.2%) had metabolic syndrome, and 1512 (50.8%) had fatty liver on ultrasonography. In multivariate analysis, fatty liver index ≥30 was associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma (OR, 1.269; 95% CI, 1.06–1.49; p = 0.008). The fatty liver index-high group (fatty liver index ≥30) had more colorectal adenomas and more advanced colorectal adenomas than the fatty liver index-low group (fatty liver index <30) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.042). The prevalence of colorectal adenomas increased with increasing quartile of fatty liver index (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by a relatively healthy Asian population. CONCLUSION: The high fatty liver index may be a useful predictor of colorectal adenoma. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww. com/DCR/A478.
Kernel Recursive Generalized Maximum Correntropy

In this letter, a novel kernel adaptive algorithm, called kernel recursive generalized maximum correntropy algorithm (KRGMC), is derived in a kernel space and under the generalized maximum correntropy (GMC) criterion. The proposed kernel algorithm can effectively scale down the dynamic recursive weight coefficients influenced by the impulsive estimate error to avoid the significant performance degradation. The superior performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical simulations about short-time series prediction in alpha-stable noise environment.
Morphological Study of the Lingula in Adult Human Mandibles of Brazilians Individuals and Clinical Implications

Objectives. The purpose of this research was to study, in macerated adult human mandibles, the height of the lingula and provide morphometric data for its location considering aspects such as shape of the lingula, gender, and race. Material and Methods. 132 macerated mandibles of Brazilian adult individuals, both sexes, Amerindian and Caucasian, were used. The distances: from mandibular notch to lingula; from anterior margin of ramus of mandible to lingula; from posterior margin of ramus of mandible to lingula; from mandibular base to lingula, and the height of lingula were obtained. To perform these measurements we used a digital caliper. The variables such as gender and race were analyzed. Results. The mean values found for the height of lingula and its location were determined according to the gender, race, and the lingula shape. Conclusion. This research provides additional data on height of the lingula and morphometric data for its location considering aspects such as shape of the lingula, gender, and race, information that had not been reported in the literature to date. We emphasize that a careful study considering gender and ethnic group makes procedures involving the region of lingula safer.
Technological memory aids for people with memory deficits

Abstract This paper reviews the application of external memory aids and computer-based procedures for the enhancement of memory functioning in neurological patients particularly adults with non-progressive brain injury and those with mild/moderate memory deficits. Memory aids may function as event memory aids to improve prospective memory functioning (Herrmann et al., 1999), or as knowledge memory aids to facilitate the acquisition and utilisation of factual information. We review the range of available external memory aids and evidence on their efficacy in clinical settings. Several studies have shown that external memory aids act as effective reminders and improve prospective memory functioning. Computer-based resources and procedures for improving memory functioning include those that serve similar functions to external memory aids, those which present memory tasks as memory retraining exercises, those which instruct the individual in the use of memory strategies, those which directly assist in domain-specific knowledge acquisition, and those which form the basis of “virtual reality” memory rehabilitation procedures. While there may be potential for computer-based procedures, there is at present only limited evidence on their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. We outline practical issues relating to the implementation of memory aids in clinical settings. We consider future developments that may impact on the application of external memory aids and computers in the treatment of human memory disorder.
Energy and angular momentum radiated for non head-on binary black hole collisions

We investigate the possible total radiated energy produced by a binary black hole system containing nonvanishing total angular momentum. For the scenarios considered we find that the total radiated energy does not exceed $1%. $ Additionally we explore the gravitational radiation field and the variation of angular momentum in the process. After the formation of the final black hole, the model uses the Robinson-Trautman (RT) spacetimes as background. The evolution of perturbed RT geometries is carried out numerically.
Children and Adults Understand That Verbal Irony Interpretation Depends on Listener Knowledge

Incongruity between a positive statement and a negative context is a cue to verbal irony. Two studies examined whether school-age children and adults recognized that listeners require knowledge of context to detect irony. Specifically, the studies investigated whether participants could inhibit their own context knowledge to appropriately gauge listener interpretation of ironic intent when the listener lacked context knowledge. Adults and older children (8- to 10-year-olds), but not younger children (6- to 7-year-olds), demonstrated this recognition; their responses indicated that listeners would be less likely to interpret statements as ironic when the listeners were ignorant to an incongruent context compared with when they were knowledgeable. Second-order theory-of-mind reasoning was related to the older children's ability to shift their responses regarding listener inferences of ironic statements based on the listeners' knowledge of context.
Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in following simulated autogenous graft resorption in maxillary sinus augmentation procedure: an ex vivo study.

OBJECTIVES: Maxillary sinus augmentation is a well-documented procedure with long-term success in implant dentistry. Assessing graft volume changes over time is crucial, since resorption remains a major concern. CBCT is commonly employed to assess the quantity and quality of the available bone at the implant receptor site. However, its applicability in following graft volume changes is yet to be determined. The study aimed to assess CBCT accuracy in following simulated graft resorption ex vivo. METHODS: 4 differently sized autogenous bone blocks harvested from the zygomatic buttress were bilaterally placed in the maxillary sinus of 12 human cadavers. The Accuitomo (J Morita, Kyoto, Japan) CBCT system was employed to scan each one of the 4 grafts in each of the 12 cadavers using identical settings. Gold standard graft measurements were obtained using micro-CT. One independent observer assessed the volume of each graft on CBCT images twice. Intraobserver reliability was assessed using Cohen's kappa and one-sample t-test was used to compare CBCT with micro-CT volumetric measurements. RESULTS: The mean micro-CT graft volumes were 97.12 ± 1.4, 197.32 ± 3.4, 361.41 ± 4.2 and 1040.11 ± 3.2 mm3 for Grafts 1-4, respectively, and the mean CBCT volumes of the corresponding grafts were 115.39 ± 7.01, 205.97 ± 9.91, 404.05 ± 16.81 and 1138.04 ± 20.98 mm3. CBCT measurements were statistically significantly different from micro-CT measurements (p = 0.001). Intraobserver reliability was good (r = 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: In every case, CBCT overestimated the maxillary graft volume in comparison with micro-CT. However, the measurement differences were limited and might not influence clinical performance.
Volatile and Organic Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

H2O, CO2, SO2, O2, H2, H2S, HCl, chlorinated hydrocarbons, NO, and other trace gases were evolved during pyrolysis of two mudstone samples acquired by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay within Gale crater, Mars. H2O/OH-bearing phases included 2:1 phyllosilicate(s), bassanite, akaganeite, and amorphous materials. Thermal decomposition of carbonates and combustion of organic materials are candidate sources for the CO2. Concurrent evolution of O2 and chlorinated hydrocarbons suggests the presence of oxychlorine phase(s). Sulfides are likely sources for sulfur-bearing species. Higher abundances of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the mudstone compared with Rocknest windblown materials previously analyzed by Curiosity suggest that indigenous martian or meteoritic organic carbon sources may be preserved in the mudstone; however, the carbon source for the chlorinated hydrocarbons is not definitively of martian origin.
Intraabdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in the intensive care unit

Intraabdominal hypertension can induce a significant dysfunction of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. Recently, a prospective multicenter epidemiological study concluded that the intraabdominal hypertension observed in intensive care units was associated with an increased risk of mortality in critically ill patients. In this review, we summarize current literature data concerning definitions and measurement of intraabdominal pressure and discuss the importance of intraabdominal hypertension in critically ill patients. We conclude that intraabdominal pressure should be taken into consideration along with other standard pressure measurements in critically ill patients. DANIELA BANDIĆ PAVLOVIĆ( ) • VIŠNJA MAJERIĆ KOGLER Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia e-mail: debandic@inet.hr Intraabdominal hypertension and measurement of the IAP IAP is measured directly by an intraperitoneal catheter or indirectly by a percutaneous inferior vena cava catheter, nasogastric catheter or urinary bladder catheter. Intravesicular pressure (IVP) measurement is now accepted as the gold standard because this method is simple, considerably accurate and widely available. In 1984 Kron et al. first described the method of IVP measurement in ACS after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (3). IAP should be measured at end-expiration, in the supine position, after the bladder is firstly fully emptied, and then filled with 50 ml of saline. The degree of muscle relaxation as well as body weight has an affect on the measurement. Continuous IAP measurement using a nasogastric tube as well as continuous bladder irigation methods are now automated and they represent the most accurate methods in clinical practice. Different authors use different cut-off points for defining IAH (4,5,6,7). Sugrue et al. reported that even IAP of 10 mmHg (1mmHg = 1.36 cm H2O) might induce harm to several organ systems (6). Recently, at the World Congress on Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, the threshold for IAH was established as a value of 12 mmHg or greater in a minimum of three standardized measurements taken four to six hours apart (8). Four severity groups have been established on to basis of intraabdominal pressure values: grade 1, 12-15 mmHg; grade 2, 16-20 mmHg; grade 3, 21-25 mmHg; grade 4, greater than 25 mmHg (8). Intraabdominal hypertension induces organ system failure Current data concerning the IAH and ACS is rather large, but definitions are not clear. Malbrain et al. defined ACS as IAH greater than 20 mmHg in combination with at least one end-organ failure (2). Mc Nellis et al. defined ACS in surgical ICUs as IAP greater than 25 DANIELA BANDIĆ PAVLOVIĆ • VIŠNJA MAJERIĆ KOGLER REVIEW SIGNA VITAE 2006; 1(1): 13 15