Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD4+CD25high Regulatory Cells in Human Peripheral Blood1

Thymectomy in mice on neonatal day 3 leads to the development of multiorgan autoimmune disease due to loss of a CD+CD25+ T cell regulatory population in their peripheral lymphoid tissues. Here, we report the identification of a CD4+ population of regulatory T cells in the circulation of humans expressing high levels of CD25 that exhibit in vitro characteristics identical with those of the CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells isolated in mice. With TCR cross-linking, CD4+CD25high cells did not proliferate but instead totally inhibited proliferation and cytokine secretion by activated CD4+CD25− responder T cells in a contact-dependent manner. The CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells expressed high levels of CD45RO but not CD45RA, akin to the expression of CD45RBlow on murine CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells. Increasing the strength of signal by providing either costimulation with CD28 cross-linking or the addition of IL-2 to a maximal anti-CD3 stimulus resulted in a modest induction of proliferation and the loss of observable suppression in cocultures of CD4+CD25high regulatory cells and CD4+CD25− responder cells. Whereas higher ratios of CD4+CD25high T cells are required to suppress proliferation if the PD-L1 receptor is blocked, regulatory cell function is shown to persist in the absence of the PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4/B7 pathway. Thus, regulatory CD4 T cells expressing high levels of the IL-2 receptor are present in humans, providing the opportunity to determine whether alterations of these populations of T cells are involved in the induction of human autoimmune disorders.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and perceived safety after the terrorist attack on the pentagon.

OBJECTIVE The authors examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use, and perceptions of safety in a sample of survivors of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack on the Pentagon. METHODS Analyses were conducted to examine the effect of past traumatic experience, trauma exposure, initial emotional response, and peritraumatic dissociation on probable PTSD, substance use, and perceived safety among 77 survivors seven months after the attack. RESULTS Eleven respondents (14 percent) had PTSD. Those with PTSD reported higher levels of initial emotional response and peritraumatic dissociation. Ten respondents (13 percent) reported increased use of alcohol. Women were more than five times as likely as men to have PTSD and almost seven times as likely to report increased use of alcohol. Persons with higher peritraumatic dissociation were more likely to develop PTSD and report increased alcohol use. Those with lower perceived safety at seven months had higher initial emotional response and greater peritraumatic dissociation and were more likely to have PTSD, to have increased alcohol use, and to be female. CONCLUSIONS The association of perceived safety with gender, the presence of PTSD, and increased alcohol use among survivors of the terrorist attack on the Pentagon warrants further study.
Grounded Theory Method: Philosophical Perspectives, Paradigm of Inquiry, and Postmodernism

The understanding of grounded theory method is partly dependent on an awareness of the method's ontological, epistemological, and methodological perspectives; the traditional symbolic interactionist theoretical underpinnings; and the identification of the relevant paradigm of inquiry within which the method resides. An analysis of these factors suggests that grounded theory method has traditionally been sited in a postpositivist inquiry paradigm but is evolving and moving toward the constructivist inquiry paradigm. The suggestion is made that the postmodern status of the method is also evolving.
Social interaction shapes babbling: Testing parallels between birdsong and speech

Birdsong is considered a model of human speech development at behavioral and neural levels. Few direct tests of the proposed analogs exist, however. Here we test a mechanism of phonological development in human infants that is based on social shaping, a selective learning process first documented in songbirds. By manipulating mothers' reactions to their 8-month-old infants' vocalizations, we demonstrate that phonological features of babbling are sensitive to nonimitative social stimulation. Contingent, but not noncontingent, maternal behavior facilitates more complex and mature vocal behavior. Changes in vocalizations persist after the manipulation. The data show that human infants use social feedback, facilitating immediate transitions in vocal behavior. Social interaction creates rapid shifts to developmentally more advanced sounds. These transitions mirror the normal development of speech, supporting the predictions of the avian social shaping model. These data provide strong support for a parallel in function between vocal precursors of songbirds and infants. Because imitation is usually considered the mechanism for vocal learning in both taxa, the findings introduce social shaping as a general process underlying the development of speech and song.
Nucleic Acids Research

cDNA clones containing sequences complementary to Xenopus laevis albumin mRNA have been identified in a collection of cDNA clones made from poly(A)+ RNA prepared from male Xenopus laevis liver. Although all the albumin cDNA clones crosshybridise, restriction enzyme and heteroduplex analysis show that there are 2 closely related albumin mRNA sequences. The 2 albumin mRNAs are only mismatched by 8% but could be isolated by positive selection using stringent hybridization conditons. Oocytes injected with the 2 purified mRNAs, secreted either the 68,000 or 74,000 dalton albumin into the culture medium showing that the 2 albumins of X. laevis serum are encoded in the 2 closely related mRNAs. Measurements of the abundance of albumin mRNA show that the 2 albumin mRNAs together account for about 9% of total poly(A)+ RNA in male Xenopus laevis liver but the mRNA coding for the 74,000 dalton mRNA is about twice as abundant as that coding for the 68,000 dalton mRNA. INTRODUCTION Albumin, the most abundant serum protein in vertebrates, is made and secreted by the liver in which it normally accounts for about 10% of total protein synthesis. As albumin is synthesized in large quantities exclusively in one tissue, it is a useful protein for studying factors regulating tissue specific gene regulation. Moreover, in certain amphibian species, the levels of albumin have been reported to increase at metamorphosis (1) and to decrease in adults after estrogen treatment (2) and so it is also of interest as a hormonally and developmentally regulated protein. In Xenopus laevis, it has been claimed that there are two albumins of 68,000 and 74,000 daltons (3,4) whereas most other vertebrate species examined have only one albumin. It has been suggested that the gene coding for albumin was duplicated as part of a genome duplication which occurred about 30 million years ago (4) and that the resulting genes have subsequently diverged so that they now code for two proteins of quite distinct molecular weights which are expressed at different levels. As a first step towards characterising the mRNAs and genes coding for the two albumins and the ©) IRL Press Limited, 1 Falconberg Court, London W1V 5FG, U.K. Volurne 9 Number 1 51981
Rumors of the death of emotional intelligence in organizational behavior are vastly exaggerated

In the first of two articles presenting the case for emotional intelligence in a point/counterpoint exchange, we present a brief summary of research in the field, and rebut arguments against the construct presented in this issue.We identify three streams of research: (1) a four-branch abilities test based on the model of emotional intelligence defined in Mayer and Salovey (1997); (2) self-report instruments based on the Mayer–Salovey model; and (3) commercially available tests that go beyond the Mayer–Salovey definition. In response to the criticisms of the construct, we argue that the protagonists have not distinguished adequately between the streams, and have inappropriately characterized emotional intelligence as a variant of social intelligence. More significantly, two of the critical authors assert incorrectly that emotional intelligence research is driven by a utopian political agenda, rather than scientific interest. We argue, on the contrary, that emotional intelligence research is grounded in recent scientific advances in the study of emotion; specifically regarding the role emotion plays in organizational behavior. We conclude that emotional intelligence is attracting deserved continuing research interest as an individual difference variable in organizational behavior related to the way members perceive, understand, and manage their emotions.
SIETTE: A Web-Based Tool for Adaptive Testing

Student assessment is a very important issue in educational settings. The goal of this work is to develop a web-based tool to assist teachers and instructors in the assessment process. Our system is called SIETTE, and its theoretical bases are Computer Adaptive Testing and Item Response Theory. With SIETTE, teachers worldwide can define their tests, and their students can take these tests on-line. The tests are generated according to teachers' specifications and are adaptive, that is, the questions are selected intelligently to fit the student's level of knowledge. In this way, we obtain more accurate estimations of student's knowledge with significantly shorter tests. By using the computer, larger question databases can be stored, selection algorithms can be performed efficiently, and questions can include multimedia content. The use of Java applets allows the inclusion of executable content in question stem and/or answers, so the student can interact with the system by means of this applet. In this way, new possibilities are added to Computer Adaptive Tests, such as using traditional multiple-choice questions together with questions whose answer is evaluated by the applet itself.
An out-of-order three-way superscalar multimedia floating-point unit

The AMD-K7/sup TM/ floating point unit is implemented as an out-of-order coprocessor responsible for executing all x86 FPU, MMX/sup TM/, and AMD 3DNoW! /sup TM/ instructions. The FPU interfaces to the AMD-K7 core, which sends it instructions, load data, and guides the retirement of instructions. The FPU sends store data and completion status back to the core. The FPU contains 2.4 M transistors on a 10.5/spl times/2.6 mm/sup 2/ die in a 0.25 /spl mu/m process. A micrograph of the FPU is shown.
The Development of Emotional Concepts: A Replication with a German Sample

Although children make more errors than adults when they have to recognise the emotional expression of a photographed face, they structure emotional concepts just as adults do, by the two dimensions pleasure/ displeasure and high/low arousal (Bullock & Russell 1984, 1985, 1986). This was demonstrated by the fact that the children's recognition errors were not randomly distributed across all emotions. Rather, emotions were confused that were similar to each other in terms of pleasantness and arousal. Moreover, multidimensional scaling procedures yielded the same two dimensions mentioned earlier underlying the responses of 3to 5-year-old children and adults. In the present study we attempted a cross-cultural replication of these results with German-speaking kindergarten children and adults. Although slight differences emerged for the meanings of single emotion terms we confirmed the previous findings, thus adding validity to the model outlined by Bullock and Russell (1986).
Youths' Organized Activities and Adjustment in Emerging Adulthood: A Multidimensional Conception of Participation

This longitudinal study examined how participation in organized activities during adolescence (ages 14–17) is associated with adjustment in emerging adulthood (age 21). It investigated the contribution of three dimensions of participation: activity portfolios (i.e., specific combinations of activity types), intensity, and duration. The sample included 287 Canadian adolescents. First, distinct activity portfolios were identified using a person-centered approach. Second, differences between portfolios were examined with regard to salient indicators of adjustment in emerging adulthood: depressive symptoms, problematic alcohol use, educational status, and civic engagement. Third, the contributions of participation intensity and duration were examined. Results revealed that certain portfolios were related in distinct ways to specific outcomes and that these differences depended on intensity or duration of participation.
Natural Versus Urban Scenes

Subjects viewed sixty color slides of either (1) nature with water, (2) nature dominated by vegetation, or (3) urban environments without water or vegetation. The information rates of the three slide samples were equivalent. Measurements were taken of the effects of the slide presentations on alpha amplitude, heart rate, and emotional states. Results revealed several significant differences as a function of environment, which together indicate that the two categories of nature views had more positive influences on psychophysiological states than the urban scenes. Alpha was significantly higher during the vegetation as opposed to urban slides; similarly, alpha was higher on the average when subjects viewed water rather than urban content. There was also a consistent pattern for nature, especially water, to have more positive influences on emotional states. A salient finding was that water, and to a lesser extent vegetation views, held attention and interest more effectively than the urban scenes. Implications of the findings for theory development in environmental aesthetics are discussed.
Childhood predictors of adult mental disorders: implications for prevention

Longitudinal studies have in the past few years made major contribution to understanding the continuity of childhood mental and behavioural disorders into adulthood. Four themes that predict this childhood to adult continuity are identifiable. Certain temperamental and behavioural traits that are recognizable even at a very young age is known to predict antisocial behaviour later in life. Also, presenting psychopathology in childhood disorders determines the likely psychopathology in adulthood. Common childhood disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder though persistent are often misdiagnosed in adults due to the symptom profile being different to that in children. Finally, psychosocial adversities in childhood predict psychopathology in adulthood. Although such knowledge provides valuable insights, efforts on prevention are hampered by poor understanding about mediating factors that determine persistence of disorders. Nevertheless, evidence based early interventions have proven to have some efficacy in reducing childhood impairments that may otherwise persist into adulthood. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.4038/sljpsyc.v4i1. 5712 Sri Lanka Journal of Psychiatry Vol 4(1) June 2013 Page 1-2
Chinese Relationalism: Theoretical Construction and Methodological Considerations

The goal of this article is attempting to establish a research tradition of Chinese relationalism on the methodological grounds of constructive realism. Two of Ho’s (1993, 1998a) key concepts, person-in-relations and persons-in-relation, are carefully examined and reinterpreted. Three of my theoretical models, namely, my Face and Favor model (Hwang, 1987), Confucian ethics for ordinary people (Hwang, 1995), and a conflict resolution model (Hwang, 1997-8), are conceived of as microworlds for illustrating an account of person-in relations in Chinese culture. The manifestation of Confucian ethics for ordinary people in one’s lifeworld results in the phenomenology of persons-in-relations as depicted by Fei’s (1948) differential order or Hsu’s (1971a) psychosociogram. Applying constructive realism to my models and using the result as a framework for studying Chinese social behavior constitutes Chinese relationalism.
Depressive Deficits in Forgetting

The aim of this study was to investigate whether difficulties in forgetting (like difficulties in remembering) are associated with depressive states. First, dysphoric and nondysphoric students learned 40 word pairs, each consisting of a positive or negative adjective and a neutral noun (target). Next, the students practiced responding with some targets and suppressing others, when given the adjective as cue, for a varied number of repetitions. On the final test, they were told to disregard the prior instruction to suppress and to recall the target associated with every cue. Compared with nondysphoric students, dysphoric students recalled similar percentages of targets from sets assigned for response practice but higher percentages from sets assigned for suppression practice. The degree of forgetting showed some mood-congruent tendencies and was significantly correlated with self-report measures of rumination and unwanted thoughts.
DSM-5: avances en la clasificación y el diagnóstico de los trastornos mentales

One of the most important topics in Psychopatology is the classification of mental disorders. The description of different psychopathological problems in standardized ÀG OR A DE SALU T I ISSN: 2443-9827. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.6035/AgoraSalut.2015. 1.8 pp. 115-126 116 ÀGORA DE SALUT. VOL. I. ISSN: 2443-9827. DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.6035/AgoraSalut.2015. 1.8 pp. 115-126 diagnostic manuals such as the Dsm, published by the American Psyquiatric Association (aPa), or the icD, published by the World Health Organization (who), strongly affects central aspects related to psychology and psychiatry, such as diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and research. The next publication of Dsm-5 is expected to become an important milestone in mental health. The review has questioned several major aspects of current psychiatric classifications (e.g. classification framework, prototypical approach, different questions about etiology, etc.). As a result, important changes in some of these aspects have been done. The aim of this paper is to carry out a general review of the modifications that involves the replacement of Dsm-IV by the new Dsm-5. These changes have been especially important in the classification of personality disorders. For this reason, as an example, we will focus on the changes undergone by personality disorders. As a conclusion, we end our article with a reflection about the implications of the publication of Dsm-5.
BDP: A Bloom Filters Based Dissemination Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

There is a growing need for enabling reprogramming in a working sensor network. We prefer to meet the requirements remotely instead of collecting all deployed sensors. Identifying the version difference of data items, having the same key, could significantly reduce the communication overhead, because only those out-of-date items should be updated at each sensor. Previous protocols need to exchange multiple messages to identify a version difference between two items with the same key. In this paper, we propose a reliable and energy efficient data dissemination protocol (BDP) with less propagation delay. BDP uses Bloom filters to identify a version difference between two items with the same key, and find the new one between two items having the same key but different versions. Through comprehensive simulations, we show that BDP outperforms previous work in terms of energy cost and propagation delay of updating new items with high reliability
Role of Pr160gag-pol in mediating the selective incorporation of tRNA(Lys) into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles

COS-7 cells transfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA produce virus in which three tRNA species are most abundant in the viral tRNA population. These tRNAs have been identified through RNA sequencing techniques as tRNA(3Lys) the primer tRNA in HIV-1, and members of the tRNA(1,2Lys) isoacceptor family. These RNAs represent 60% of the low-molecular-weight RNA isolated from virus particles, while they represent only 6% of the low-molecular-weight RNA isolated from the COS cell cytoplasm. Thus, tRNA(Lys) is selectively incorporated into HIV-1 particles. We have measured the ratio of tRNA(3Lys) molecules to copies of genomic RNA in viral RNA samples and have calculated that HIV-1 contains approximately eight molecules of tRNA(3Lys) per two copies of genomic RNA. We have also obtained evidence that the Pr160gag-pol precursor is involved in primer tRNA(3Lys) incorporation into virus. First, selective tRNA(Lys) incorporation and wild-type amounts of tRNA(3Lys) were maintained in a protease-negative virus unable to process Pr55gag and Pr160gag-pol precursors, indicating that precursor processing was not required for primer tRNA incorporation. Second, viral particles containing only unprocessed Pr55gag protein did not selectively incorporate tRNA(Lys), while virions containing both unprocessed Pr55gag and Pr160gag-pol proteins demonstrated select tRNA(3Lys) packaging. Third, studies with a proviral mutant containing a deletion of most of the reverse transcriptase sequences and approximately one-third of the integrase sequence in the Pr160gag-pol precursor resulted in the loss of selective tRNA incorporation and an eightfold decrease in the amount of tRNA(3Lys) per two copies of genomic RNA. We have also confirmed herein finding of a previous study which indicated that the primer binding site is not required for the selective incorporation of tRNA(Lys).
Turn It All You Want: Still No Effect of Sugar Consumption on Ego Depletion

After having completed an initial self-control task, individuals typically show less self-controlled behavior on a consecutive task. In addition, this so-called ego-depletion effect is assumed to be alleviated by the consumption of sugar-containing drinks. However, a recent replication study indicates that this effect has been substantially overestimated. In contrast to mainstream ego-depletion research, initial and consecutive self-control tasks were identical in that study. Here we evaluate the generalizability of these results by testing 70 participants on a dual-task paradigm involving dissimilar tasks. Between self-control tasks, participants consumed a drink containing either sugar or an artificial sweetener. Results suggest that sugar consumption does not counteract ego depletion even when dissimilar self-control tasks are used.
L'approche ressources et compétences comme clé de lecture du processus d'élaboration d'une ressource originale : la marque territoire

La concurrence grandissante entre les territoires conduit les collectivites a se doter de marques et a adopter une demarche marketing. Cela se traduit par une evolution des competences que permet d’apprehender l’approche par les ressources. Ses transformations sont etudiees a partir de la marque region « Auvergne Nouveau Monde ».
Illusions of Media Power: The Third-Person Effect

This study assesses the third-person effect and its alternatives, a first-person effect and equal media effects, among a panel of respondents following the prediction of a severe earthquake and after the earthquake failed to materialize. The theoretical perspectives are provided by social comparisons and cognitive adaption theory. The findings indicate that both third-person and first-person effects result from downward social comparisons following from differences in belief in the message, accuracy of information about the predictability of earthquakes, and perception of the beliefs of others about the message. These media effects and their correlates are interpreted as illusions people create to cope with a predicted disaster and later revise to reflect situational contingencies.