Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of anomalous resistivity for hot electron propagation through a dense fusion core in fast ignition experiments

Anomalous resistivity for hot electrons passing through a dense core plasma is studied for fast ignition laser fusion. The hot electrons generated via the ultra-intense laser pulse and guiding cone interactions are measured after they pass through a dense plasma with a density of 50–100 g cm−3 in a radius of 15–25 μm. When significant neutron enhancements are achieved by the ultra-intense laser pulse injection, the energy reduction of fast electrons is observed. Also, a reduction in the number of electrons with energy up to 15 MeV can be seen. We offer a new physical mechanism for the stopping of electrons, involving electron magnetohydrodynamic shock formation in the inhomogeneous plasma density region. The dissipation in the shock region can explain electron stopping with energies of the order of 15 MeV.
Equilibrium of a Thick-Walled Sphere of Inhomogeneous Nonlinear-Elastic Material

Paper considers the problem of nonlinear theory of elasticity for inhomogeneous thick-walled sphere. The problem is solved in centrally symmetric statement. In general, all the parameters of the nonlinear dependence between the intensities of the stresses and strains are functions of the radius. As an example, solve the problem of stress distribution in the soil mass with a spherical cavity.
On estimation and prediction procedures for ar(1) models with power transformation

The power transformation of Box and Cox (1964) has been shown to be quite useful in short-term forecasting for the linear regression model with AR(1) dependence structure (see, for example, Lee and Lu, 1987, 1989). It is crucial to have good estimates of the power transformation and serial. correlation parameters, because they form the basis for estimating other parameters and predicting future observations. The prediction of future observations is the main focus of this paper. We propose to estimate these two parameters by minimizing the mean squared prediction errors. These estimates and the corresponding predictions compare favourably, via revs and simulated data, with those obtained by the maximum likelihood method. Similar results are also demonstrated in the repeated measurements setting.
Cannabinoids versus placebo for pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

Objectives To assess the benefits and harms of cannabinoids in participants with pain. Design Systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data sources The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index, and BIOSIS. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Published and unpublished randomised clinical trials comparing cannabinoids versus placebo in participants with any type of pain. Main outcome measures All-cause mortality, pain, adverse events, quality of life, cannabinoid dependence, psychosis, and quality of sleep. Results We included 65 randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials enrolling 7017 participants. Fifty-nine of the trials and all outcome results were at high risk of bias. Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis showed no evidence of a difference between cannabinoids versus placebo on all-cause mortality (RR 1.20; 98% CI 0.85 to 1.67; P = 0.22). Meta-analyses and Trial Sequential Analysis showed that cannabinoids neither reduced acute pain (mean difference numerical rating scale (NRS) 0.52; 98% CI -0.40 to 1.43; P = 0.19) or cancer pain (mean difference NRS -0.13; 98% CI -0.33 to 0.06; P = 0.1) nor improved quality of life (mean difference -1.38; 98% CI -11.81 to 9.04; P = 0.33). Meta-analyses and Trial Sequential Analysis showed that cannabinoids reduced chronic pain (mean difference NRS -0.43; 98% CI -0.72 to -0.15; P = 0.0004) and improved quality of sleep (mean difference -0.42; 95% CI -0.65 to -0.20; P = 0.0003). However, both effect sizes were below our predefined minimal important differences. Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis indicated that cannabinoids increased the risk of non-serious adverse events (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.25; P < 0.001) but not serious adverse events (RR 1.18; 98% CI 0.95 to 1.45; P = 0.07). None of the included trials reported on cannabinoid dependence or psychosis. Conclusions Cannabinoids reduced chronic pain and improved quality of sleep, but the effect sizes are of questionable importance. Cannabinoids had no effects on acute pain or cancer pain and increased the risks of non-serious adverse events. The harmful effects of cannabinoids for pain seem to outweigh the potential benefits.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate outcomes with Aggrenox in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an immunoinflammatory and hypercoagulable state that contributes to respiratory distress, multi-organ dysfunction, and mortality. Dipyridamole, by increasing extracellular adenosine, has been postulated to be protective for COVID-19 patients through its immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, vasodilatory, and anti-viral actions. Likewise, low-dose aspirin has also demonstrated protective effects for COVID-19 patients. This study evaluated the effect of these two drugs formulated together as Aggrenox in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods In an open-label, single site randomized controlled trial (RCT), hospitalized COVID-19 patients were assigned to adjunctive Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally) with standard of care treatment compared to standard of care treatment alone. Primary endpoint was illness severity according to changes on the eight-point COVID ordinal scale, with levels of 1 to 8 where higher scores represent worse illness. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and respiratory failure. Outcomes were measured through days 14, 28, and/or hospital discharge. Results From October 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021, a total of 98 patients, who had a median [IQR] age of 57 [47, 62] years and were 53.1% (n = 52) female, were randomized equally between study groups (n = 49 Aggrenox plus standard of care versus n = 49 standard of care alone). No clinically significant differences were found between those who received adjunctive Aggrenox and the control group in terms of illness severity (COVID ordinal scale) at days 14 and 28. The overall mortality through day 28 was 6.1% (3 patients, n = 49) in the Aggrenox group and 10.2% (5 patients, n = 49) in the control group (OR [95% CI]: 0.40 [0.04, 4.01], p = 0.44). Respiratory failure through day 28 occurred in 4 (8.3%, n = 48) patients in the Aggrenox group and 7 (14.6%, n = 48) patients in the standard of care group (OR [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.02, 2.56], p = 0.22). A larger decrease in the platelet count and blood glucose levels, and larger increase in creatinine and sodium levels within the first 7 days of hospital admission were each independent predictors of 28-day mortality (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, while the outcomes of COVID illness severity, odds of mortality, and chance of respiratory failure were better in the Aggrenox group compared to standard of care alone, the data did not reach statistical significance to support the standard use of adjuvant Aggrenox in such patients.
Area-level deprivation, neighbourhood factors and associations with mental health

The COVID-19 pandemic saw residential neighbourhoods become more of a focal point in people’s lives, where people were greater confined to living, working, and undertaking leisure in their locality. This study investigates whether area-level deprivation and neighbourhood conditions influence mental health, accounting for demographic, socio-economic and health circumstances of individuals. Using nationally representative data from Ireland, regression modelling revealed that area-level deprivation did not in itself have a discernible impact on mental health status (as measured using the Mental Health Inventory-5 instrument and the Energy and Vitality Index), or likelihood of having suffered depression in the previous 12 months. However, positive perceptions of area safety, service provision, and area cleanliness were associated with better mental health, as was involvement in social groups. Broad ranging policies investing in neighbourhoods, could have benefits for mental health, which may be especially important for deprived communities.
Analysis of Outflow Boundary Collisions in North-Central Alabama

Abstract Ninety-four outflow boundary (OB) collisions were documented in north-central Alabama over the summers of 2005–07 using the Advanced Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research (ARMOR) dual-polarimetric radar located at the Huntsville, Alabama, airport. These data were used to extend and verify previous research and to look for new correlations among the various factors that lead to convective initiation (CI) from OB collisions more frequently. For this study, CI is defined as the first occurrence of a ≥35-dBZ radar echo at an elevation angle of 0.8° and within 10 km of the point of collision, from a convective cloud. The radar reflectivity and angle of collision between both OBs along with time of day at which CI occurs most often were analyzed. Also, the presence of cumulus clouds along either/both OBs, or within the area of collision, was examined using Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12) visible imagery. A more detailed analysis of 23 of the 94 OBs that passed.
Diffraction by a prism

Diffraction of electrically polarized plane waves by a dielectric prism (or wedge) of arbitrary apex angle and refractive index in the range of commonly used dielectric materials is treated by a combined analytical-computational approach. Ray-optical techniques are supplemented by the null-field method (or extended boundary condition). Straightforward modal concepts lead to a system of linear algebraic equations, which, after truncation, are solved by matrix inversion. The field diffracted at the apex is shown by example to be (virtually) entirely outgoing. The accuracy of the computed results is assessed in several ways. Comparison is made of the approach introduced here with two other methods, the first restricted to right-angled prisms and the second valid only for refractive indices moderately close to unity; the numerical agreement is encouraging.
Synthesis of voiced sounds from a two-mass model of the vocal cords

A model of voiced-sound generation is derived in which the detailed acoustic behavior of the human vocal cords and the vocal tract is computed. The vocal cords are approximated by a self-oscillating source composed of two stiffness-coupled masses. The vocal tract is represented as a bilateral transmission line. One-dimensional Bernoulli flow through the vocal cords and plane-wave propagation in the tract are used to establish acoustic factors dominant in the generation of voiced speech. A difference-equation description of the continuous system is derived, and the cord-tract system is programmed for interactive study on a DDP-516 computer. Sampled waveforms are calculated for: acoustic volume velocity through the cord opening (glottis); glottal area; and mouth-output sound pressure. Functional relations between fundamental voice frequency, subglottal (lung) pressure, cord tension, glottal area, and duty ratio of cord vibration are also determined. Results show that the two-mass model duplicates principal features of cord behavior in the human. The variation of fundamental frequency with subglottal pressure is found to be 2 to 3 Hz/cm H 2 O, and is essentially independent of vowel configuration in the programmed tract. Acoustic interaction between tract eigenfrequencies and glottal volume flow is strong. Phase difference in motion of the cord edges is in the range of 0 to 60 degrees, and control of cord tension leads to behavior analogous to chest/falsetto conditions in the human. Phonation-neutral, or rest area of cord opening, is shown to be a critical factor in establishing self-oscillation. Finally, the complete synthesis system suggests an efficient, physiological description of the speech signal, namely, in terms of subglottal pressure, cord tension, rest area of cord opening, and vocal-tract shape.
Systematic Discovery of a New Catalogue of Tyrosine-Type Integrases in Bacterial Genomic Islands

Site-specific recombinases or integrases have high specificity for DNA large fragment integration, which is urgently needed for gene editing. However, known integrases are not sufficient for meeting multiple integrations. ABSTRACT Site-specific recombinases (integrases) can mediate the horizontal transfer of genomic islands. The ability to integrate large DNA sequences into target sites is very important for genetic engineering in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Here, we characterized an unprecedented catalogue of 530 tyrosine-type integrases by examining genes potentially encoding tyrosine integrases in bacterial genomic islands. The phylogeny of putative tyrosine integrases revealed that these integrases form an evolutionary clade that is distinct from those already known and are affiliated with novel integrase groups. We systematically searched for candidate integrase genes, and their integration activities were validated in a bacterial model. We verified the integration functions of six representative novel integrases by using a two-plasmid integration system consisting of a donor plasmid carrying the integrase gene and attP site and a recipient plasmid harboring an attB site in recA-deficient Escherichia coli. Further quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays validated that the six selected integrases can be expressed with their native promoters in E. coli. The attP region reductions showed that the extent of attP sites of integrases is approximately 200 bp for integration capacity. In addition, mutational analysis showed that the conserved tyrosine at the C terminus is essential for catalysis, confirming that these candidate proteins belong to the tyrosine-type recombinase superfamily, i.e., tyrosine integrases. This study revealed that the novel integrases from bacterial genomic islands have site-specific recombination functions, which is of physiological significance for their genomic islands in bacterial chromosomes. More importantly, our discovery expands the toolbox for genetic engineering, especially for efficient integration activity. IMPORTANCE Site-specific recombinases or integrases have high specificity for DNA large fragment integration, which is urgently needed for gene editing. However, known integrases are not sufficient for meeting multiple integrations. In this work, we discovered an array of integrases through bioinformatics analysis in bacterial genomes. Phylogeny and functional assays revealed that these new integrases belong to tyrosine-type integrases and have the ability to conduct site-specific recombination. Moreover, attP region extent and catalysis site analysis were characterized. Our study provides the methodology for discovery of novel integrases and increases the capacity of weapon pool for genetic engineering in bacteria.
Efficacy and safety of intensive versus conventional glucose targets in people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of study is to re-evaluate the risk-benefits of intensive glycemic control in the context of multi-factorial intervention in adults with T2D. Methods We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and CINHAL for randomized control trials comparing standard glucose targets to intensive glucose targets with pre-specified HbA1clevels. Subgroup analysis was also performed to account for the inclusion of glucose only versus multi-factorial intervention trials. Results are reported as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Fifty-seven publications including 19 trials were included. Compared to conventional glycemic control, intensive glycemic control decreased the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.8, 0.7-0.91), macroalbuminuria (0.72, 0.5–0.87), microalbuminuria (0.67, 0.52–0.85), major amputation (0.6, 0.38–0.96), retinopathy (0.75 ,0.63–0.9), and nephropathy (0.78, 0.63–0.97). The risk of hypoglycemia increased with intensive glycemic control than conventional treatment (2.04, 1.34–3.1). No reduction in all-cause or cardiovascular mortality was observed. However, in the context of multifactorial intervention, intensive glucose control was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (0.74, 0.57–0.95). Conclusion Targeting HbA1c levels should be individualized based on the clinical status, balancing risks and benefits and potential risk for developing these complications among people with T2D.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation in a Semiparametric Logistic/Proportional‐Hazards Mixture Model

Abstract. We consider large sample inference in a semiparametric logistic/proportional‐hazards mixture model. This model has been proposed to model survival data where there exists a positive portion of subjects in the population who are not susceptible to the event under consideration. Previous studies of the logistic/proportional‐hazards mixture model have focused on developing point estimation procedures for the unknown parameters. This paper studies large sample inferences based on the semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator. Specifically, we establish existence, consistency and asymptotic normality results for the semiparametric maximum likelihood estimator. We also derive consistent variance estimates for both the parametric and non‐parametric components. The results provide a theoretical foundation for making large sample inference under the logistic/proportional‐hazards mixture model.
Evaluation of archived drug resistance mutations in HIV‐1 DNA among vertically infected adolescents under antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon: Findings during the COVID‐19 pandemic

With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), children born with HIV are more likely to reach adolescence. However, frequent non‐adherence to ART in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) leads to viral replication. Notably, a viraemic infection might lead to archived drug resistance mutations (ADRMs). Hence, within the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we aimed to compare the patterns of ADRMs in viraemic and non‐viraemic vertically infected ALHIV and to assess their immunity to and diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2.
New results for nonstationary panel regression

This article derives the limiting distributions of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Least Square Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimators in both spurious and cointegrated panel regressions. The limit theories employed in this article are different from those of Kao (1999) and Phillips and Moon (1999), in which the time dimension of the panel is fixed.
Solid-state NMR molecular snapshots of Aspergillus fumigatus cell wall architecture during a conidial morphotype transition

Significance Aspergillus fumigatus is an airborne fungal pathogen, which causes fatal invasive infection in immunocompromised hosts. During its life cycle, conidium undergoes morphotype transition from dormant, swollen to germinating stages. In this study, solid-state NMR reveals the conidial cell wall evolution during germination. We show a reshuffling at the level of the glucan composition and in the molecular organization, and we document the behavior of glucans, chitin, and galactosaminogalactan at different growth stages. The advantage in our approach is that an intact fungus could be analyzed without losing the structural details of its cell wall, contrary to other biophysical techniques that require cell wall destruction and derivatization.
An overview of sequential methods and their application in clinical trials

This manuscript gives a brief overview of the ethics of interim analysis of accumulating data and the complexity of decision making for early termination. A review of previously proposed sequential methods for data monitoring is given and some discussion as to why they have not been adopted. Finally, attention is focused on two recent concepts, group sequential boundaries and stochastic curtailment, which have promise in their applicability and utility.
Pemodelan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Zinnia Menggunakan Lindenmayer System dengan Mathematica

Pendekatan dalam mempelajari pemodelan pertumbuhan tanaman saat ini adalah dengan menggunakan metoda L-System yaitu sistem penulisan berulang (rewriting system) yang dilakukan secara paralel dengan menggunakan aturan gramatikal. Dengan menggunakan software Mathematica telah diidentifikasi pemodelan pertumbuhan tanaman zinnia sebanyak 6 tahap pertumbuhan selama 25 hari dan dapat divisualisasikan
A Target Field Approach To Optimal Coil Design

Using a Fourier-Bessel expansion of the magnetic field generated by currents flowing on a cylinder, the relationship between current and field may be inverted. Hence the current density required to generate a specified target field Bz on the surface of a cylinder of smaller radius may be evaluated. Gradient, solenoidal and shim coil designs based on this approach provide exceptionally large usable volumes while remaining compact and, if necessary, of low inductance.