Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using SAT-Based Techniques in Low Power State Assignment

Power consumption of synchronous sequential circuits can be reduced by careful encoding of the states of the circuit. The idea is to reduce the average number of bit changes per state transition bynding an optimal state assignment. This state assignment problem is NP-hard, and existing techniques rely mainly on heuristic-based methods. The primary goal of this work is to assess the suitability of using complete advanced Boolean Satisability and Integer Linear Programming (ILP) methods innding an optimized solution. We formulate the problem as a 0-1 ILP instance with power minimization being the objective. Using generic and commercial solvers, the pro- posed approach was tested on sample circuits from the MCNC benchmark suite. Furthermore, in an e®ort to accelerate the search process, circuits were checked for symmetries and symmetry breaking predicates were added whenever applicable. The experimental results provide a pragmatic insight into the problem and basis for further exploration.
TRO: An On-Chip Ring Oscillator-Based GHz Transient IR-Drop Monitor

With silicon technology further scaling, the switching activity is getting more intense in modern designs. The large switching activities together with GHz operation frequency can greatly affect the power integrity by generating IR-drop noises. Excessive IR-drop can cause functional failures such as timing failure, abnormal reset and SRAM flipping. Hence, IR-drop needs to be monitored in-field. However, directly measuring transient IR-drop waveform usually involves high design or equipment cost. This paper presents a low-cost on-chip GHz ring oscillator-based transient IR-drop monitor (TRO). TRO is composed of all-digital elements, and can be easily integrated into existing IC design flow with negligible overhead. Different from traditional transient IR-drop monitors, TRO measures IR-drop waveform width and average in-field, while recovers IR-drop peak, and reconstructs the transient noise waveform during data analysis or customer return, which eliminates the need for custom circuits or high frequency sampling clock. Simulation results show that TRO is sensitive to IR-drop with peak and width larger than 100 mV and 1.0 ns, which is suitable for GHz IC monitoring. The IR-drop noise width detection resolution can reach 0.125 ns and higher under the help of the proposed edge detector, with noise peak and width measurement error rate less than 6.8% and 9.0%, for 97% of the Monte Carlo samples considering process variations. According to the results and analyses, TRO is also able to trigger quick adaptation within one clock cycle.
Are the cardiometabolic complications of schizophrenia still neglected? Barriers to care

Patients with schizophrenia have a wide range of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease, at rates 1.5–5 times greater than the general population. Despite the provision of many sets of guidelines and protocols for screening and monitoring of cardiometabolic risks, morbidity and mortality rates for those with psychotic illnesses remain excessive and premature. Surveys of mental health practitioners reveal a clear acknowledgement of the importance of managing cardiometabolic risks and subsequent comorbidity. However, inadequate screening rates of patients with antipsychotic‐treated mental illnesses suggest “knowing is not doing”. Surmountable barriers (at service, patient and illness levels) to adequate integrated health care are not being adequately challenged for this population. Recommendations to improve the situation include service reorganisation, communication enhancement, improved training and education, better incentives, accreditation rigour, and government leadership.
An Analysis of BeppoSAX LECS Observations of Extreme-Ultraviolet Emission in Clusters of Galaxies

Kaastra et al. have used the BeppoSAX LECS instrument to search for excess extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emission in A2199. They claim that the results obtained confirm an independent report of an excess EUV emission in this cluster by Lieu et al. Using an in-flight-derived procedure that is better suited to the analysis of extended sources and that avoids uncertainties related to ground-based calibrations for the overall detector sensitivity profile, we find no excess EUV emission in A2199. We also used these procedures to search for an EUV excess in A1795, but no excess was found.
Re-entry in a model of ischaemic ventricular tissue

Ventricular fibrillation in the human heart results in global myocardial ischaemia. The aim of this study was to examine how ischaemia modulates the stability and period of re-entry in a computational model of human ventricular tissue. 2D tissue sheets were simulated using the monodomain equation with cellular electrophysiology described by the Ten Tusscher 2006 model. We modeled ischaemia by elevating [K+]o, reducing GCaL, and activating the ATP dependent K+ current. These changes acted to prolong the refractory period of tissue, to reduce conduction velocity, and to flatten restitution. In simulated normal tissue, re-entry had a period of between 230 and 300 ms, whereas in simulated ischaemic tissue the period was prolonged to around 400 ms. Elevating [K+]o to 8.0 mM converted unstable re-entry to stable re-entry. The mechanisms that sustain fibrillation in normal and globally ischaemic human ventricular tissue are likely to be different.
Primitively divergent diagrams in κ-deformed scalar field with quartic self-interaction

We obtain the primitively divergent diagrams in κ-deformed scalar field in four-dimensional spacetime with quartic self-interaction in order to investigate the effect of the fundamental length q = 1/(2κ) on such diagrams. Thanks to κ-deformation, we find that the dimensionally regularized forms of the diagrams lead to finite results in the limit of space-time dimension four. The effect of the deformation appears as a displacement of the poles in the complex plane.
Improving the Relevance-based Superimposition model for IR with automatic keyword extraction

Our previous studies proved that our proposed Relevance-based Superimposition (RS) model for information retrieval (IR) is very effective for scientific paper archives where the expressional variation between documents written by different authors is high. The RS model makes the best use of the relevance of documents by modifying document feature vectors based on the relevance information. This paper presents a method for applying the RS model to general archives where well-chosen keywords are not given for documents. We investigated automatic feature term extraction, and found that the key issues for this improvement are cluster refinement and parameter optimization of the RS model. New experiments indicated that the extended method achieves better retrieval precision than is obtained using keywords given by the authors.
Age related changes in the mechanisms contributing to head stabilisation, and whole body stability during steady state gait and gait initiation

Head stabilisation during gait related tasks is thought to be fundamental to whole body stability, but this has received little attention in the older population. There is a need to examine any age related changes in neuromechanical mechanisms underpinning head stabilisation that may challenge the control of head stability, and consequently whole body stability. The present Thesis examined the mechanisms contributing to head stabilisation, and whole body stability during two gait tasks, steady state gait and gait initiation in young and older females, with the overall aim of contributing to negating fall risk. Four studies were designed to examine a) head position and walking speed on gait stability during steady state gait; b) neuromechanical mechanisms underpinning head stabilisation during gait initiation; c) head position on whole body stability during gait initiation; and d) head stabilisation during gait initiation at different speeds. Results showed that a) gait stability, was unaffected by head position and different walking speeds during steady state gait, b) decreased head stability in older individuals during gait initiation can be attributed to a deterioration of the neuromechanical mechanisms relating to head stability, c) free head movement during gait initiation does not affect head stabilisation or whole body stability but it does affect gait parameters, while d) initiating gait at faster than comfortable speeds compromises head stabilisation and reduces whole body stability in older individuals. Collectively, these results demonstrate that older individuals adopt an increased head flexion position when walking, while impaired head stability can be attributed to deterioration of the function of their neuromechanical mechanisms compared to their younger counterparts during gait tasks at comfortable speeds. These findings provide an understanding of the effect head stabilisation can have on older adults’ gait and on their fall risk during gait and
Multi-Objective Continuous-Ant-Colony-Optimized FC for Robot Wall-Following Control

This paper proposes a multi-objective, rule-coded, advanced, continuous-ant-colony optimization (MO-RACACO) algorithm for fuzzy controller (FC) design and its application to multi-objective, wall-following control for a mobile robot. In the MO-RACACO-based FC design approach, the number of rules and all free parameters in each rule are optimized using the MORACACO algorithm. This is a complex multi-objective optimization problem that considers both the optimization of discrete variables (number of rules) and continuous variables (rule parameters). To address this problem, the MO-RACACO uses a rule-coded individual (solution) representation and a rule-based mutation operation to find Pareto-optimal solutions with different numbers of rules. New solutions in the MO-RACACO are generated using a pheromone-level-based adaptive elite-tournament path selection strategy followed by a Gaussian sampling operation. The MO-RACACO-based FC design approach is applied to a multiobjective, wall-following problem for a mobile robot. Three objectives are defined so that the robot is collision-free, maintains a constant distance from the wall, and moves smoothly at a high speed. This automatic design approach avoids the time-consuming manual design of fuzzy rules and the exhaustive collection of input-output training pairs. The performance of the MORACACO- based control is verified through comparisons with various multi-objective population-based optimization algorithms (MOPOAs) in multi-objective FC optimization problems. This study also includes experiments that demonstrate robot wallfollowing control using an actual mobile robot.
Comparing the Fault Detection Effectiveness of Mutation and Data Flow Testing: An Empirical Study

We report results from an experiment to compare the fault detection eeectiveness of mutation, its variants, and data ow testing. As mutation is known to be a costly criterion to satisfy when compared with several other coverage criteria, we compared the fault detection eeectiveness of two variants of the mutation criterion with that of the all-uses criterion. Adequate test sets were generated randomly, as opposed to by human testers as in some previous studies. We view our results in the light of results from earlier studies comparing mutation with path-based testing strategies. We identify and discuss factors that one might consider while evaluating an adequacy criterion for use in practice. Results from our experiments strengthen the hypothesis that an adequacy criterion based on one of the two variants of mutation has superior fault detection eeectiveness than that of the all-uses criterion.
Multiple AUX/IAA–ARF modules regulate lateral root formation: the role of Arabidopsis SHY2/IAA3-mediated auxin signalling

In Arabidopsis thaliana, lateral root (LR) formation is regulated by multiple auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA)–AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) modules: (i) the IAA28–ARFs module regulates LR founder cell specification; (ii) the SOLITARY-ROOT (SLR)/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module regulates nuclear migration and asymmetric cell divisions of the LR founder cells for LR initiation; and (iii) the BODENLOS/IAA12–MONOPTEROS/ARF5 module also regulates LR initiation and organogenesis. The number of Aux/IAA–ARF modules involved in LR formation remains unknown. In this study, we isolated the shy2-101 mutant, a gain-of-function allele of short hypocotyl2/suppressor of hy2 (shy2)/iaa3 in the Columbia accession. We demonstrated that the shy2-101 mutation not only strongly inhibits LR primordium development and emergence but also significantly increases the number of LR initiation sites with the activation of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN16/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18, a target gene of the SLR/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module. Genetic analysis revealed that enhanced LR initiation in shy2-101 depended on the SLR/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module. We also showed that the shy2 roots contain higher levels of endogenous IAA. These observations indicate that the SHY2/IAA3–ARF-signalling module regulates not only LR primordium development and emergence after SLR/IAA14–ARF7–ARF19 module-dependent LR initiation but also inhibits LR initiation by affecting auxin homeostasis, suggesting that multiple Aux/IAA–ARF modules cooperatively regulate the developmental steps during LR formation.
EGFR-Mediated Carcinoma Cell Metastasis Mediated by Integrin αvβ5 Depends on Activation of c-Src and Cleavage of MUC1

Receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins play an essential role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. We previously showed that EGF and other growth factors induce human carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis mediated by integrin αvβ5 that is prevented by Src blockade [1]. MUC1, a transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed in most epithelial tumors as a heterodimer consisting of an extracellular and a transmembrane subunit. The MUC1 cytoplasmic domain of the transmembrane subunit (MUC1.CD) translocates to the nucleus where it promotes the transcription of a metastatic gene signature associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Here, we demonstrate a requirement for MUC1 in carcinoma cell metastasis dependent on EGFR and Src without affecting primary tumor growth. EGF stimulates Src-dependent MUC1 cleavage and nuclear localization leading to the expression of genes linked to metastasis. Moreover, expression of MUC1.CD results in its nuclear localization and is sufficient for transcription of the metastatic gene signature and tumor cell metastasis. These results demonstrate that EGFR and Src activity contribute to carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis mediated by integrin αvβ5 in part by promoting proteolytic cleavage of MUC1 and highlight the ability of MUC1.CD to promote metastasis in a context-dependent manner. Our findings may have implications for the use and future design of targeted therapies in cancers known to express EGFR, Src, or MUC1.
Engineering Motivation Using the Belief-Expectancy-Control Framework

Much effort in education has focused on how our minds master problems, make decisions, and learn to perform tasks, but is it possible researchers and funding agencies have often not thought as deeply about how to support the breadth of motivation processes necessary to energize learning and performance? We have ended up with many more strategies to support the cognitive elements of learning and instruction than strategies to support the affective and emotional learner motivation to use those strategies.
Auriculotherapy to reduce anxiety and pain in nursing professionals: a randomized clinical trial

RESUMEN Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of the auricular protocol (APPA) in reducing pain and anxiety and improving the quality of life of the nursing staff of a hospital. Method: randomized clinical trial with an initial sample of 180 professionals divided into 4 groups Control (G1), Seed (G2), Needle (G3) and Tape (G4). The evaluation instruments were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Pain Visual Analog Scale and Quality of Life instrument, applied at the start and after five and 10 sessions (five weeks). Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Cohen's d Index were used in the analysis. Results: there was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) for anxiety according to the repeated measures ANOVA, with better results for the G3 in the final assessment (Cohen's d index 1.08/17% reduction). There was a reduction of pain of 36% in G3 and 24% in G2 and a 13% increase in the mental aspect of quality of life for the G3, although without statistical significance. Conclusion: the APPA protocol reduced the anxiety levels of nursing staff after 10 sessions. Further studies are, however, suggested with new populations and in different contexts so that the results can be confirmed. RBR-5pc43m.
GRB 080916C AND GRB 090510: THE HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION AND THE AFTERGLOW

We constrain the physical composition of the outflows of GRBs 080916C and 090510 with the prompt emission data and find that the former is likely magnetic, while the latter may be baryonic. The X-ray and optical afterglow emission of both GRBs can be reasonably fitted using the standard external shock model but the density profiles of the circum-burst medium are different. We also propose a simple method to estimate the number of seed photons supposing the GeV afterglow photons are due to the inverse Compton radiation of external forward shock electrons. The seed photons needed in the modeling are too many to be realistic for both events. The synchrotron radiation of the forward shock seems able to account for the GeV afterglow data.
Identity Aware Sensor Networks

In a significant class of sensor-network applications, the identities of the reporting sensors constitute the bulk of the communicated data, whereas the message itself can be as small as a single bit—for instance, in many cases, sensors are used to detect whether and where a certain interesting condition occured, or to track incremental environmental changes at fixed locations. In such scenarios, the traditional network-protocol paradigm of separately specifying the source identity and the message in distinct fields leads to inefficient communication. This work addresses the question of how should communi- cation happen in such identity-aware sensor networks. We re- examine the traditional source-identity/message separation and propose a scheme for jointly encoding the two. We use this to develop a communication method for identity-aware sensor networks and show it to be energy efficient, simple to implement, and gracefully adaptable to scenarios frequently encountered in sensor networks—for instance, node failures, or large numbers of nodes where only few are active during each reporting round. I. INTRODUCTION In traditional network protocols, each packet carries its source identity in a dedicated header field, separately from the communicated message, which constitutes the packet's payload. To increase their information rate, several protocols use encoding or compression techniques that look to minimize the size of the message; to the best of our knowledge, none
Resource allocation for video streaming in wireless environment

This paper focuses on the development of a new resource allocation scheme for video streaming in wireless networks. The technique utilizes the /spl epsi/-weak burstiness curve which has been defined as the (1 - /spl epsi/)-percentile of the maximum burstiness curve. We show that the /spl epsi/-weak burstiness curve is a convex non-increasing function of the service rate. We also devise a "water-filling" algorithm to obtain the empirical /spl epsi/-weak burstiness curve. The technique has been applied to MPEG-4 encoded video traces. The numerical studies show that if the /spl epsi/-weak burstiness curve is used for resource provisioning, a considerable percentage of bandwidth will be saved.
Innovative internal fixation for cervical spine fractures.

The increase in the number of available internal fixation devices for the cervical spine has promoted innovative stabilization of traumatic instability of the craniocervical junction. Traumatic injuries involving the craniocervical junction vary widely because of the complex osseous and ligamentous anatomy. These injuries can be purely ligamentous, such as occipitocervical dislocation, or can include single or multiple bony levels. Rare, however, are occasions of isolated osseous fractures without ligamentous damage. The extent of ligamentous damage usually dictates the presence of instability and the need for surgical fixation.
Prevalence and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians: A community study from urban Eastern India

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and to identify predictors for the same, specific to an underdeveloped urban locale of Eastern India. Materials and Methods: Study design: Population-based cross-sectional study, with multistage random sampling technique. Setting: Urban city-dwellers in Orissa one of the poorest states of Eastern India bordering a prosperous state of Andhra Pradesh of Southern India. Participants: 1178 adults of age 20–80 years randomly selected from 37 electoral wards of the urban city. Definition of Metabolic Syndrome: We followed a unified definition of the metabolic syndrome by joint interim statement of five major scientific organizations – the International Diabetes Federation, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the American Heart Association, the World Heart Federation, the International Atherosclerosis Society, and the International Association of the Study of Obesity. Individuals who meet at least three of five clinical criteria of abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceredimia, low HDL, hypertension, and hyperglycemia are diagnosed as having the condition; presence of none of these criteria is mandatory. Explicit cut points are defined for all criteria, except elevated waist circumference, which must rely on population and country-specific definitions. Main Outcome Measure: Prevalence and significant predictors of metabolic syndrome. Statistical Analysis: Both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Age-standardized prevalence rates of metabolic syndrome were 33.5% overall, 24.9 % in males and 42.3% in females. Older age, female gender, general obesity, inadequate fruit intake, hypercholesterolemia, and middle-to-high socioeconomic status significantly contributed to increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a significant public health problem even in one of the poorest states of India that needs to be tackled with proven strategies.
IT ] 9 Ja n 20 07 Probabilistic Behavior of Average Transmit Energy in Broadcast Systems with Precoding

THIS PAPER IS ELIGIBLE FOR THE STUDENT PAPER AWARD. Abstract— In this paper, we introduce a shaping concept to reduce average transmit energy for channel inversion techniques i n multiple antenna broadcast systems. Based on the probabili stic view point for the input constellations, the optimal probability distribution for the data vectors in the channel inversion techniques is found. We have also introduced a theoretical Selec tive Mapping (SLM) technique (based on random coding arguments) in channel inversion techniques to reduce the transmit aver age energy. The asymptotic gain that the SLM technique can provi de is derived. The proposed technique results in a significant s aving in energy as the corresponding shaping gain can be much highe r than the upper bound of 1.53, known for the conventional shaping. The exact gain depends on the orthogonality defect of the channel.