Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Properties of Marine Alkyl Glycerol Ethers in Chronic Stress

In this paper we discuss the effect of alkyl glycerol ethers (AGs) from the squid Berryteuthis magister on a chronic stress model in rats. The study was performed on 32 male Wistar rats. Animals received AGs at a dose of 200 mg/kg through a gavage for six weeks (1.5 months), and were divided into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (animals received AGs), group 3 (stress control), group 4 (animals received AGs and were subjected to stress). Chronic immobilization stress was induced by placing each rat into an individual plexiglass cages for 2 h daily for 15 days. The serum lipid spectrum was evaluated by the content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The atherogenic coefficient was calculated. The hematological parameters of peripheral blood were evaluated. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio was counted. The levels of cortisol and testosterone in blood plasma were determined. AGs at the selected dose did not have a significant effect on the body weight of rats in the preliminary period of the experiment. Under stress, the body weight gain, the concentrations of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood triglycerides decreased significantly. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio in animals treated with AGs shifted towards lymphocytes. A favorable increase in the percentage of lymphocytes was found in the stressed group of animals treated with AGs. So, for the first time, it was found that AGs prevent stress-induced suppression of the immune system. This confirms the benefit of AGs for the immune system under chronic stress. Our results prove the efficiency of the use of AGs for treating chronic stress, a serious social problem in modern society.
Thermomechanical Process Simulation and Experimental Verification for Laser Additive Manufacturing of Inconel®718

Laser cladding has emerged as a promising technique for custom-built fabrications, remanufacturing, and repair of metallic components. However, frequent melting and solidification in the process cause inevitable residual stresses that often lead to geometric discrepancies and deterioration of the end product. The accurate physical interpretation of the powder consolidation process remains challenging. Thermomechanical process simulation has the potential to comprehend the layer-by-layer additive process and subsequent part-scale implications. Nevertheless, computational accuracy and efficacy have been serious concerns so far; therefore, a hybrid FEM scheme is adopted for efficient prediction of the temperature field, residual stress, and distortion in multilayer powder-fed laser cladding of Inconel®718. A transient material deposition with powder material modeling is schematized to replicate the fabrication process. Moreover, simulation results for residual stress and distortion are verified with in-house experiments, where residual stress is measured with XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and geometric distortion is evaluated with CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine). A maximum tensile residual stress of 373 ± 5 MPa is found in the vicinity of the layer right in the middle of the substrate and predicted results are precisely validated with experiments. Similarly, a 0.68 ± 0.01 mm distortion is observed with numerical simulation and showed a precise agreement with experimental data for the same geometry and processing conditions. Conclusively, the implemented hybrid FEM approach demonstrated a robust and accurate prediction of transient temperature field, residual stresses, and geometric distortion in the multilayer laser cladding of Inconel®718.
New records of Nitidulidae (Nitidulidae, Coleoptera) species in Canada, Ontario, and Manitoba

﻿Abstract Nitidulidae trapping performed from 2018 to 2021 to characterize flight behaviors of potential vectors of the oak wilt pathogen yielded three new species records for Canada, six new species records for Ontario, and three new species records for Manitoba. The new records for Canada include Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) corticinus reported from Ontario, C. (Myothorax) nepos reported from Ontario and Manitoba, and Glischrochilus (Librodor) obtusus reported from Ontario. In addition, the following species are first recorded in Ontario: Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) antiquus, C. (Megacarpolus) sayi, Stelidotacoenosa; and also in Manitoba: Carpophilus (Megacarpolus) lugubris and Cychramusadustus. Collection data is provided for the two provinces and national records.
Identification and Estimation of &Apos;Irregular&Apos; Correlated Random Coefficient Models

In this paper we study identification and estimation of a correlated random coefficients (CRC) panel data model. The outcome of interest varies linearly with a vector of endogenous regressors. The coefficients on these regressors are heterogenous across units and may covary with them. We consider the average partial effect (APE) of a small change in the regressor vector on the outcome (cf., Chamberlain, 1984; Wooldridge, 2005a). Chamberlain (1992) calculates the semiparametric efficiency bound for the APE in our model and proposes a &radic;<span style="text-decoration:overline;"><i>N</i></span> consistent estimator. Nonsingularity of the APE&apos;s information bound, and hence the appropriateness of Chamberlain&apos;s (1992) estimator, requires (i) the time dimension of the panel (<i>T</i>) to strictly exceed the number of random coefficients (<i>p</i>) and (ii) strong conditions on the time series properties of the regressor vector. We demonstrate irregular identification of the APE when <i>T</i> = <i>p</i> and for more persistent regressor processes. Our approach exploits the different identifying information in the subpopulations of &apos;stayers&apos; -- or units whose regressor values change little across periods -- and &apos;movers&apos; -- or units whose regressor values change substantially across periods. We propose a feasible estimator based on our identification result and characterize its large sample properties. While irregularity precludes our estimator from attaining parametric rates of convergence, it limiting distribution is normal and inference is straightforward to conduct. Standard software may be used to compute point estimates and standard errors. We use our methods to estimate the average elasticity of calorie consumption with respect to total outlay for a sample of poor Nicaraguan households.
A new peak-to-average power ratio reduction algorithm for OFDM systems via discrete particle swarm optimization

The searching phase factors of partial transmit sequence (PTS) algorithm can be formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with some variables and constrains, thus a modified discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) is applied to search the optimal combination of phase factors in this paper. The hamming distance is used to adjust the velocity of particle swarm, which makes the phase factors always move to the best phase factors, thus the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with good peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance can be achieved with low search complexity. To validate the analytical results, some simulations have been conducted, showing that the proposed schemes can achieve good PAPR performance with low computational complexity.
Minimization of the backward scattering from dielectric structures

Numerical results are presented which enable one to minimize the backward scattering from dielectric cylinders by the proper selection of the polygon cross-section, size, orientation and dielectric constant. Both E- and H-polarization are considered. The problem of the complex-point line source directive beam scattering by a dielectric polygonal cylinder is solved by a boundary integral equations method combined with a method of analytical regularization and a conformal mapping technique for presenting the parametric equations of the scatterer contour in terms of a rapidly convergent infinite series. It is shown that triangular cross-sections are not appropriate to the minimization of backward scattering in the H-polarization case. Absolute minima are found for square and circular cross-section shapes.
Redox-Based Strategies against Infections by Eukaryotic Pathogens

Redox homeostasis is an equilibrium between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells. It is an essential, dynamic process, which allows proper cellular reactions and regulates biological responses. Unbalanced redox homeostasis is the hallmark of many diseases, including cancer or inflammatory responses, and can eventually lead to cell death. Specifically, disrupting redox balance, essentially by increasing pro-oxidative molecules and favouring hyperoxidation, is a smart strategy to eliminate cells and has been used for cancer treatment, for example. Selectivity between cancer and normal cells thus appears crucial to avoid toxicity as much as possible. Redox-based approaches are also employed in the case of infectious diseases to tackle the pathogens specifically, with limited impacts on host cells. In this review, we focus on recent advances in redox-based strategies to fight eukaryotic pathogens, especially fungi and eukaryotic parasites. We report molecules recently described for causing or being associated with compromising redox homeostasis in pathogens and discuss therapeutic possibilities.
The Effect of Turning Vanes on Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer of a Ribbed Rectangular Two-Pass Internal Cooling Channel

Gas turbine blades are usually cooled by using ribbed serpentine internal cooling passages, which are fed by extracted compressor air. The individual straight ducts are connected by sharp 180 deg bends. The integration of turning vanes in the bend region lets one expect a significant reduction in pressure loss while keeping the heat transfer levels high. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of different turning vane configurations on pressure loss and local heat transfer distribution. The investigations were conducted in a rectangular two-pass channel connected by a 180 deg sharp turn with a channel height-to-width ratio of HIW=2. The channel was equipped with 45 deg skewed ribs in a parallel arrangement with e/d h = 0.1 and P/e = 10. The tip-to-web distance was kept constant at W el /W = 1. Spatially resolved heat transfer distributions were obtained using the transient thermochromic liquid crystal technique. Furthermore static pressure measurements were conducted in order to determine the influence of turning vane configurations on pressure loss. Additionally, the configurations were investigated numerically by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier― Stokes equations using the finite-volume solver FLUENT. The numerical grids were generated by the hybrid grid generator CENTAUR. Three different turbulence models were considered: the realizable k-e model with two-layer wall treatment, the k-ω-SST model, and the v 2 -f turbulence model. The results showed a significant influence of the turning vane configuration on pressure loss and heat transfer in the bend region and the outlet pass. While using an appropriate turning vane configuration, pressure loss was reduced by about 25%, keeping the heat transfer at nearly the same level in the bend region. An inappropriate configuration led to an increase in pressure loss while the heat transfer was reduced in the bend region and outlet pass.
Current- and Voltage-Actuated Transmission Line Protection Scheme Using a Hybrid Combination of Signal Processing Techniques

This paper presents a current- and voltage-driven protection scheme for transmission lines based on a hybrid mix of Stockwell transform (ST) and Hilbert transform (HT). Use of both current and voltage waveforms to detect and categorize faults, improves the reliability of this protection scheme and avoids false tripping. Current and voltage waveforms captured during a period of fault are analyzed using ST to compute a median intermediate fault index (MIFI), a maximum value intermediate fault index (MVFI), and a summation intermediate fault index (SIFI). Current and voltage signals are analyzed via applying HT to compute a Hilbert fault index (HFI). The proposed hybrid current and voltage fault index (HCVFI) is obtained from the MIFI, MVFI, SIFI, and HFI. A threshold magnitude for this hybrid current and voltage fault index (HCVFITH) is set to 500 to identify the faulty phase. The HCVFIT is selected after testing the method for various conditions of different fault locations, different fault impedances, different fault occurrence angles, and reverse flows of power. Fault classification is performed using the number of faulty phases and an index for ground detection (IGD). The ground involved in a fault is detected by comparison of peak IGD magnitude with a threshold for ground detection (THGD). THGD is considered equal to 1000 in this study. The study is carried out using a two-terminal transmission line modeled in MATLAB software. The performance of the proposed technique is better compared to a discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based technique, a time–frequency approach, and an alienation method. Our algorithm effectively detected an AG fault, observed on a practical transmission line.
Functional Differences between Chewing Sides of Implant-Supported Denture Wearers

Humans are said to have habitual and non-habitual chewing sides; however, the functional differences between the chewing sides of implant-supported denture wearers have not been sufficiently clarified. This study aimed to clarify the presence or absence of functional differences between the chewing sides in implant-supported denture wearers. Forty-five patients with bilateral posterior implants were included in this study. The participants were asked to chew a gummy jelly on one side, and the masticatory movement was recorded using a Motion Visi-trainer (MVT V1). For 10 cycles from the fifth cycle after the start of mastication, the pattern of the movement path, the opening distance, the masticatory width, and the cycle time were calculated as parameters of masticatory movement. The amount of glucose eluted during the chewing of gummy jelly was measured and used as a parameter of masticatory performance. Each parameter representing masticatory movement and masticatory performance was compared between the right and left chewing sides and between the habitual and non-habitual chewing sides using a chi-squared test or a paired t-test. There was no difference in the frequency of masticatory path patterns between the right and left chewing sides. Most participants had a normal pattern on the habitual chewing side; however, abnormal patterns were also observed on the non-habitual chewing side. When comparing right and left chewing, no significant difference was observed between chewing sides in terms of opening distance, masticatory width, cycle time, or amount of glucose eluted (p > 0.05). When comparing the habitual and non-habitual chewing sides, masticatory movement on the habitual chewing side showed a larger opening distance (p < 0.001) and masticatory width (p = 0.008), shorter cycle time (p = 0.004), and higher masticatory performance (p < 0.001). It was suggested that there is a functional difference between the habitual and non-habitual chewing sides in the masticatory movement and masticatory performance of implant-supported denture wearers.
Oscillator Strengths and Radiative Rates for Transitions in Fe XV

We report oscillator strengths and radiative decay rates for 1108 optically allowed and intercombination transitions among the lowest 87 fine-structure energy levels of Fe XV. Two independent calculations are carried out using the CIV3 atomic structure code of Hibbert and the GRASP code of Dyall et al. The results from the two calculations agree well for almost all the strong transitions. However, there are notable disagreements between the two calculations for a few relatively weaker transitions involving some levels belonging to the 3p4d and 3p4f configurations. These differences, along with those of other available calculations, are discussed, and the accuracy of the data is assessed.
Evaluation of Substance P as a New Stress Parameter in Horses in a Stress Model Involving Four Different Stress Levels

Simple Summary The public perception of animal welfare in equestrian sports depends on factors associated with training methods and presentation of horses at equestrian events. Regarding this, correctly buckled nosebands have played an important role in recent years. Furthermore, methods were required to objectify stress and anxiety reactions in horses. Besides cortisol measurements, ridden horse ethograms were developed to quantify adverse reactions and pain-related behavior in the ridden horse. The main aim of the study was to evaluate substance P (SP) as a new stress parameter mainly addressing emotional stress reactions. Other objectives were to establish reference values for SP in horses and to compare concentrations to the established stress parameter cortisol. A ridden horse ethogram was used to simultaneously evaluate obvious adverse reactions. Plasma concentrations of SP showed large interindividual variations, whereas they stayed within more narrow ranges in individual horses. While cortisol showed a linear increase with the four applied stress levels (level 1: horses ridden with loose noseband, level 2: tight noseband, level 3: loose noseband and overground endoscope, level 4: tight noseband and overground endoscope), SP showed no correlation and may therefore be not suitable to quantify emotional stress in horses in the present minor stress model. Abstract Stress has a significant impact on equine welfare. There are some studies on the stress response in horses ridden with tight nosebands, but little is known about other stress parameters than cortisol, which potentially could address an emotional component. In this study, blood samples of a total of 74 warmblood horses were used to establish reference values for plasma substance P (SP) concentrations. Moreover, 16 of these warmblood horses were included in a stress model. Four different stress levels (level 1: horses ridden with loose noseband, level 2: tight noseband, level 3: loose noseband and overground endoscope, level 4: tight noseband and overground endoscope) were applied to evaluate SP as a potential stress parameter in horses. Blood samples were taken at rest (t0) and directly after inducing stress (noseband tightening, insertion of endoscope; t1), as well as after 20 min of riding at all gaits (t2). A ridden horse ethogram was applied and showed that horses in the tight noseband group resorted to other stress-related behavioral issues than horses with loose nosebands. Serum cortisol showed a linear increase concurrent with the increase in stress levels with a significant difference between level 1 and level 4 (p = 0.043), proving that stress factors were adequate to evaluate the stress response, whereas SP did not show a correlation with the stress levels. Furthermore, concentrations of SP differed widely between horses but stayed within more narrow limits in the individual horse. As a conclusion, SP might not be a reliable stress parameter in horses in the applied minor stress model.
An Extended Lagrangian Theory of Semi-Geostrophic Frontogenesis

Abstract The Lagrangian conservation law form of the semi-geostrophic equations used by Hoskins and others is studied further in two and three dimensions. A solution of the inviscid equations containing discontinuities corresponding to atmospheric fronts is shown to exist for all time under fairly general conditions, and to be unique if the potential vorticity is required to be nonnegative. Computational results show that this solution agrees with high resolution solutions of the viscous semi-geostrophic equations. The solution, however, disagrees with that obtained from the two-dimensional viscous primitive equations. An important aspect of the difference is that the semi-geostrophic solutions allow the front to propagate into the interior of the fluid while the primitive equation solutions do not. This is discussed. If correct, it may indicate a tendency for a separation effect in the atmosphere where frictional effects are present.
Advanced immunophenotyping: A powerful tool for immune profiling, drug screening, and a personalized treatment approach

Various autoimmune diseases are characterized by distinct cell subset distributions and activation profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs can therefore serve as an ideal biomarker material, which is easily accessible and allows for screening of multiple cell types. A detailed understanding of the immune landscape is critical for the diagnosis of patients with autoimmune diseases, as well as for a personalized treatment approach. In our study, we investigate the potential of multi-parameter spectral flow cytometry for the identification of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases and its power as an evaluation tool for in vitro drug screening approaches (advanced immunophenotyping). We designed a combination of two 22-color immunophenotyping panels for profiling cell subset distribution and cell activation. Downstream bioinformatics analyses included percentages of individual cell populations and median fluorescent intensity of defined markers which were then visualized as heatmaps and in dimensionality reduction approaches. In vitro testing of epigenetic immunomodulatory drugs revealed an altered activation status upon treatment, which supports the use of spectral flow cytometry as a high-throughput drug screening tool. Advanced immunophenotyping might support the exploration of novel therapeutic drugs and contribute to future personalized treatment approaches in autoimmune diseases and beyond.
Geostatistics with Locally Varying Anisotropy

Since the origin of geostatistics with Krige (1951) and Matheron’s (1962) pioneering work, numerous new techniques have been developed to generate distributions of properties of interest at unsampled locations. Many of these techniques are based on the theory of kriging; introductory discussions of kriging can be found in geostatistical text books such as Journel and Huijbregts (1978), Deutsch (2002) or Isaaks and Srivastava (1989). One advantage of using kriging to generate estimates is the incorporation of anisotropy into the modeling process. Anisotropy is the concept that the properties in a geological deposit are often more continuous in one direction than another. Consider the locally varying anisotropy shown in these cross sections: