Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lack of role for mononuclear cell‐derived histamine releasing factors in occupational asthma due to western red cedar

Occupational asthma due to Western Red Cedar (WRCA) is attributed to sensitization to plicatic acid (PA), but does not appear to be dependent on PA‐specific IgE antibodies. Exposure to PA induces histamine release in vivo and in vitro, so if IgE is not important. other mechanisms of histamine release must presumably operate in WRCA, To explore the possible role of histamine‐releasing factors in WRCA, peripheral blood mono‐nuclear cells were obtained and cultured with PA, PA‐albumin conjugate plica tic acid‐human serum albumin (PA‐HSA). grass pollen or Concanavalin A using a standard histamine releasing factor (HRF) generation protocol. Supernatants were dialysed to remove endogenous histamine and then assayed for histamine releasing activity using human basophils as targets and a Con A‐induced bulk supernatant as an internal HRF standard. In contrast to some previous reports, spontaneous HRF release from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of WRCA patients (n= 9) and atopic asthmatic subjects (n= 5) was not elevated compared with the non‐asthmatic controls (n= 11; five atopic and six non‐atopic). Both PA and PA‐HSA induced the production of small amounts of HRF by PBMC of WRCA patients, but a similar degree of HRF generation was also observed in PBMC from the atopic asthmatic, atopic non‐aslhmatic, and non‐atopic subjects. The contrast, grass pollen induced the production of HRF by PBMC from the subjects with positive skin tests to grass pollen but not by PBMC of non‐atopic subjects, confirming that our methods and assay were capable of detecting antigen‐specific HRF production. Since neither PA nor PA‐HSA induced significantly elevated HRF production from PBMC of WRCA patients, it seems unlikely that PA‐induced HRFs play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of WRCA.
Evaluation of a fluorescence-labelled oligonucleotide probe targeting 23S rRNA for in situ detection of Salmonella serovars in paraffin-embedded tissue sections and their rapid identification in bacterial smears

A method for the detection of Salmonella based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been developed and applied for the direct detection of Salmonella in pure cultures and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. On the basis of the 23S rRNA gene sequences representing all of the S. enterica subspecies and S. bongori, an 18-mer oligonucleotide probe was selected. The specificity of the probe was tested by in situ hybridization to bacterial cell smears of pure cultures. Forty-nine of 55 tested Salmonella serovars belonging to subspecies I, II, IIIb, IV, and VI hybridized with the probe. The probe did not hybridize to serovars from subspecies IIIa (S. arizonae) or to S. bongori. No cross-reaction to 64 other strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae or 18 other bacterial strains outside this family was observed. The probe was tested with sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from experimentally infected mice or from animals with a history of clinical salmonellosis. In these tissue sections the probe hybridized specifically to Salmonella serovars, allowing for the detection of single bacterial cells. The development of a fluorescence-labelled specific oligonucleotide probe makes the FISH technique a promising tool for the rapid identification of S. enterica in bacterial smears, as well as for the detection of S. enterica in histological tissue sections.
Health-related Quality of Life and Existential Concerns Among Patients with End-stage Renal Disease

Background: Health-Related Quality Of Life (HRQOL) among patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is significantly impacted by virtue of varied disease or treatment-related factors, and its evaluation along with existential concerns is required for providing comprehensive care to the patient. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the various dimensions of HRQOL and existential concerns and to examine the relationship between the two among patients with ESRD. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 54 patients with ESRD undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in a teaching hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics and existential concerns of the respondents. The HRQOL was evaluated using a standardized scale of Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF™) questionnaire. Data were presented as frequencies, mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) for baseline characteristics and scores. Pearson correlation was used to study the association between various domains of quality of life and existential concerns. Results: Among HRQOL, the worst results obtained were in the domain of burden of kidney disease (33.45 ± 13.53), work status (49.07 ± 24.75), quality of social interaction (62.22 ±11.80), general health (43.06 ± 13.01), and physical functioning (47.50 ± 18.88). Disrupted personal integrity (12.80 ± 2.81) and loss of continuity (5.37 ± 1.17) were most bothersome existential concerns. A co-relational model behaves distinctly eliciting weak to strong association among various domains of HRQOL and existential concerns. Conclusion: Patients with ESRD reported impaired HRQOL in most of the domains. Existential concerns are distinguished as important dimensions of HRQOL. Association between HRQOL and existential concerns showed that these dimensions are distinct, and there is a need for assessing and attending these entities through a multidisciplinary approach to alleviate the suffering and achieving a sense of overall wellbeing among patients.
Barriers to ascension to senior management positions in retailing

Using a case study of retailing, this paper examines the continued under-representation of women in senior management positions. Via a questionnaire survey, it reveals that those factors retail managers (men and women) themselves attribute to the disproportionate number of women in senior positions. The findings revealed that the main factors were associated with women's ‘other’ role: the family. Thus, lack of child care facilities and high family commitments were regarded as especially problematic and the organisation of retailing with its long anti-social hours and lack of flexi-time at managerial levels contributed to these problems. Other factors were also regarded as important including company cultures that uphold patriarchal social systems. The paper demonstrates how women's primary position in the home and domestic domain and men's primary position in the economic domain have shaped the way retail organisations are organised and the roles that men and women are traditionally expected to adopt within them.
Fertility and frailty: demographic change and health and status of Indian women.

It is posited that more females survive today but their health is frailer. Improved health among Indian women will require social status changes prior to pregnancy. The implication that social status changes will follow from demographic changes is not clear-cut. This paper distinguishes between the contributions of fertility and social status change to reductions in maternal mortality among Indian women. Dysons research reveals that womens disadvantage during the reproductive years improves at older ages. Other references in the literature suggest that female mortality vulnerability is due to intra-household sex-biased allocation of basic resources that are based on a gender-based social status. There is debate over the role of cultural versus economic factors. Dyson and Moore argue that culture rather than economic structure determines female social status. Other researchers measure female autonomy in terms of the extent of womens freedoms rather than economic participation and educational attainment. This author hypothesizes that mortality trends and specifically declines may reflect indirect evidence of womens improved status. Fertility decline may reduce maternal mortality through a reduction in the average number of children born to each woman (reducing risk factors in the number of pregnancies) or through a reduction in the ratio (risk per birth). Findings from urban Gujarat during 1970-90 show that the trend in the maternal mortality rate may have been more important in reducing maternal mortality than a decline in the risk per birth. Findings support Dysons argument that improved female mortality may occur independently of an advancement in womens social status. Over time status-driven and demographically driven risk factors fail to improve maternal mortality vulnerability as fertility declines.
Malaysian local government internet sustainability reporting

Purpose – This study aims to examine determinants of the extent of sustainability reporting on Malaysian local council web sites using a disclosure index within an institutional theory framework. Design/methodology/approach – Adopting a simplified disclosure index to measure the extent of sustainability reporting, the unit of analysis for this research is Malaysian local council web sites. To reduce any subjectivity, the disclosure index is unweighted and consists of 57 items. Findings – Several findings were apparent including size, Local Agenda (LA) 21 and public sector award all being found to be significant predictors of disclosure. Overall, the findings indicate the presence of institutional isomorphism – particularly coercive pressure – in explaining the extent of sustainability reporting on web sites. Research limitations/implications – The research has multiple implications as it provides insights into web site sustainability reporting in a developing country. It also adds support to institutional.
Inequity in the Australian Education System

This article deals with the current situation of the Australian education system-particularly the public schools in disadvantaged areas. Research undertaken in the last decade show that while Australia has developed intensively in economic terms in the last ten years, inequality has spread nonetheless. Furthermore, there are legal barriers for public schools in obtaining funds unlike private schools. The article aims to assure the policymakers that pumping more funds into the system would not be as effective as investing in to create a caring community through motivated and well-resourced teachers.
The Changing Employment Structure of the Extended Jakarta Metropolitan Region

This paper examines the changing employment structures in the growing metropolitan region focused on Jakarta It disaggregates the Botabek region surrounding Jakarta into an inner and an outer ring, and finds that the “fringe” growth of Jakarta has come to dominate the pattern of urbanisation in West Java, adding more to the urban population of West Java in the 1980s than did the growth of the West Java capital, Bandung. The increase in employment over the 1980–1990 period differed sharply between Jakarta and the two rings. Employment in DKI Jakarta rose by 52%, in the inner rmg by 425%, and in the outer ring by 36%. Migration patterns indicate that the inner ring was gaining both through city dwellers moving to areas outside the city boundaries and through people moving from elsewhere in Java and further afield. The educational attainment of the workforce in the inner ring rose dramatically, reflecting not only improvements in school facilities within the ring but also in-migration of well educated people.
ALBERTA WELFARE REFORM AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES OF WELFARE RECIPIENTS AND SINGLE-MOTHERS

Though the economic literature generally agrees on the positive labour supply effects of welfare reforms in the 1990s; there have been few studies that evaluate how these reforms might have affected employment outcomes of former and potential welfare recipients. This study fills this gap by using the 1993 Alberta welfare reform as a natural experiment. The 1993 and 1994 data from Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics show that welfare recipients and single mothers in Alberta were more likely to participate in the labour force and worked full-time for employers with multiple offices across Canada. Moreover, single mothers received lower wage rates if their employment started after the reform. After controlling for individual heterogeneity; however, single mothers were found to receive higher wage rates and less likely to work full-time. These findings suggest unobservable characteristics are also significant in determining employment outcomes of those affected by welfare reforms.
Analyzing Assisted Offloading of Cellular User Sessions onto D2D Links in Unlicensed Bands

For the past years, the analysts have been predicting a tremendous and continuous increase in mobile traffic, causing much of industry and academia to seek out any and all methods to increase wireless network capacity. In this paper, we investigate one such method, cellular data offloading onto direct connections between proximate user devices, which has been shown to provide significant wireless capacity gains. To do so, we formulate a new system model that couples a cellular network in licensed bands and a device-to-device (D2D) network in unlicensed bands. We propose that devices be continually associated with the cellular base station and use this connectivity to help manage their direct connections in unlicensed spectrum. In particular, we demonstrate that assisted offloading of cellular user sessions onto the D2D links improves the degree of spatial reuse and reduces the impact of interference. In this study, a session is a real-time flow of data from one user to another, which adheres to a Poisson point process (PPP). By contrast to a throughput- or capacity-centric system view, the application of PPP enables formulations where entire user sessions, rather than singular data packets, are arriving at random and leaving the system after being served. The proposed methodology is flexible enough to accommodate practical offloading scenarios, network selection algorithms, quality of service measures, and advanced wireless technologies. In this study, we are primarily interested in evaluating the data session blocking probability in dynamically loaded cellular and D2D networks, but given the importance of energy efficiency for mobile devices, we are also interested in characterizing the energy expenditure of a typical data session in these different networks. First with our advanced analytical methodology and then with our detailed system-level simulator, we evaluate the performance of network-assisted data session offloading from cellular to D2D connections under a variety of conditions. This analysis represents a useful tool in the development of practical offloading schemes and ongoing standardization efforts.
Exit, Voice, Loyalty, and Pay: Evidence from the Public Workforce

We assess Hirschman's theory of exit, voice and loyalty in the context of voluntary exit from organizations in the public workforce. Specifically, we test the effects of loyalty and voice on the likelihood a person states their intention to leave. We assess these relationships using data from the Federal Human Capital Survey. Our statistical analysis provides evidence that perceptions about voice and loyalty limit exit at all levels of the organizational hierarchy. Yet, dissatisfaction with pay is also a substantial cause of intention to leave - and this effect is greatest for executive-level employees. We also show evidence for "motivation crowding" when pay-based motivation is emphasized.
Therapeutic effects of rapamycin on alcoholic cardiomyopathy

The present study aimed to investigate whether rapamycin has therapeutic potential as a treatment for alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Rats were divided into eight groups (n=7 in each group): The control group; the alcohol group; abstinence in the first week; abstinence in the third week; abstinence in the fourth week; abstinent+rapamycin (AB-RAP) until the first week (AB-RAP 1); AB-RAP until the third week (AB-RAP 3); and AB-RAP until the fourth week (AB-RAP 4). Subsequently, echocardiography, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's staining were performed, followed by electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Finally, expression levels of B cell lymphoma-2, Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The levels of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension in AB-RAP 3 (7.00±0.41) and AB-RAP 4 (6.33±0.68) groups were significantly lower when compared with the alcohol group (8.01±0.30; P<0.05). Compared with the alcohol group, the apoptosis rate of left ventricular myocardial tissue in the AB+RAP 3 (37.68±2.15) and AB+RAP 4 (26.97±2.11) groups was significantly reduced (P<0.05). To conclude, rapamycin may be considered as a therapeutic tool to attenuate alcoholic cardiomyopathy and improve cardiac function through increasing autophagy and reducing apoptosis.
KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION: PROMOTING A SYSTEM APPROACH OF INNOVATION PROCESSES

Abstract This contribution intends to clarify for the current discussion about knowledge and its importance within economic systems. It relies on the complementary character of the economics of knowledge of Marshall and Hayek. One of them is useful to discuss opportunities and limits of the so-called resource-based theory of the firm in order to deal with the relationship between the governance of knowledge and firms' innovative behaviours; the other is useful to insist on the importance of knowledge channelled by and within market dynamics. As a consequence, their combination allows one to pave better grounds to current knowledge economic importance by exploring in-depth characteristics of knowledge, expressing the need to deal with the governance of technological knowledge, and promoting the localized and distributed characters of firms' innovative behaviours. This finally leads to promote an innovation-system approach based on that localized character of innovative behaviours of firms in order to depict proper use made by firms in matters of knowledge generation, use, dissemination, and trade.
Families in former times. Kinship, household, and sexuality

he classified them on the grounds of their symptoms. " (pp. 60-61). In accordance with these assumptions Dr. Potter devotes much of his commentary to suggesting objective counterparts for the author's description of symptoms. I believe that this is an unprofitable undertaking, and that the assumptions are false. No-one would want to deny that there is some correspondence between the author's descriptions and nosological realities, but the theory-laden language, the high degree of selectivity, and above all the close parallels in both respects with other texts, show that the relation must be very indirect. Dr Potter's comments, although interesting in themselves and potentially valuable, do not enlighten us about the nature of this relation nor about the kind of medicine which the author was writing. Professor Flandrin's book is an excellent foil to the writings of Peter Laslett and the Cambridge Group which constitute the approach to family history and historical demography best known in the English-speaking world. Whereas the Cambridge group relies almost exclusively on what can be wrung out of historical vital statistics (registers of baptisms, marriages, and burials) for understanding demographic patterns, Flandrin casts his net more widely, making deft use of legal evidence, religious and moral advice books, proverbs, and even the evolutionary history of family names, alongside a solid core of statistics. Whereas the crusading Laslett has tended to dogmatize about the typical European, or, slightly more narrowly, NorthWest European family and household structure, Flandrin is more interested in the great diversity of living habits, systems of kinship support and patronage, family size, and moral prohibitions from area to area even within France (from which most of his examples are taken). Not least, where Laslett stamped on an evolutionary approach (seeing it as some kind of vestige of conjectural history), and stressed that in essential matters such as the primacy of the nuclear family, things were already much the same in 1300 as they were to be in 1900, Flandrin suggests that certain key shifts can be traced. One is the irresistible surge of love as the motor of marriage and family life, from the eighteenth century onwards. Before then, bonding was seen much more within a pattern of wider family and community responsibilities; and moral and ecclesiastical advice placed greatest stress upon the duties of spouses, and upon the distinction between the honourable estate of matrimony and, on the other hand, giddy romance or foul …
Defense Spending, Economic Structure, and Growth: Evidence among Countries and over Time

There is no way of telling from economic theory whether a greater military effort will slow down or accelerate output growth. The results of a single empirical study have been used to support the widely held belief that in poor countries a high share of defense in GDP is associated with a high growth rate. ' This paper shows that, as is often the case, such conventional wisdom is wrong: across countries, a greater defense burden is associated with slower growth. In a regression equation estimated for 69 countries over some or all of the period 1952-70, an increase of 10 percentage points in the defense burden (share of defense in GDP) leads to a reduction of annual growth by 0.13%, a nontrivial loss. As we discuss in detail below, growth retardation to approximately the same extent also is recorded in regional regression estimates, though precise coefficients differ from area to area. Besides slowing the growth rate, a changing defense burden has other macroeconomic effects. For the same sample of countries and time period, increases in military spending are associated with lower saving and investment shares in GDP, a greater tax burden, and a shift in economic activity from agriculture (including food production) toward the manufacturing sector. When estimated econometrically, the extent to which defense spending replaces investment is consistent in magnitude with the growth rate reductions mentioned above. In describing these results more thoroughly, in Section I we review informally the channels through which arms spending can affect the growth rate and present a simple formal model in Section II. The resulting reduced-form equation is estimated empirically in Section III, with the findings summarized above. To measure other effects of military outlays on the economic structure, we go on in Section IV to incorporate the defense burden into the regression equations and data
A Model for Investigating the Impact of Faculty Members' Psychological Capital on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Universities

Restricting behaviors and performances of academics, especially the behavior of faculty members, to define behaviors mentioned in job description indicates simple-mindedness and neglect of the intricacy of academic behaviors. The increase of creativity and innovation in the behavior of faculty members and the transfer of this quality to learners and to all aspects of the society is a phenomenon known as extra-role behavior or organizational citizenship behavior.The present complex and competitive conditions has encountered universities like other organizations with serious challenges in their way to obtaining their objectives. Universities to continue their lives, in addition to traditional capital, requires attracting and keeping capitals which enjoy competitive advantage.psychological capital as competitive advantage play a significant role in developing citizenship behaviors. This study attempted to examine the role of psychological capital as a new approach in the area of Higher education. The results showed that the psychological capital influences individual oriented organizational citizenship behavior and organizational oriented organizational citizenship behavior.