Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetopause location under extreme solar wind conditions

During the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement, around 0200 UT on January 11, 1997, at the end of the January 6-11 magnetic cloud event. the magnetopause was pushed inside geosynchronous orbit. The LANL 1994-084 and GMS 4 geosynchronous satellites crossed the magnetopause and moved into the magnetosheath. Also, the Geotail satellite was in the magnetosheath while the Interball 1 satellite observed magnetopause crossings. This event provides an excellent opportunity to test and validate the prediction capabilities and accuracy of existing models of the magnetopause location for producing space weather forecasts. In this paper, we compare predictions of two models: the Petrinec and Russell [1996] model and the Shue et al. [1997] model. These two models correctly predict the magnetopause crossings on the dayside; however. there are some differences in the predictions along the flank. The Shue et al. [1997] model correctly predicts the Geotail magnetopause crossings and partially predicts the Interball 1 crossings. The Petrinec and Russell [1996] model correctly predicts the Interball 1 crossings and is partially consistent with the Geotail observations. We further found that some of the inaccuracy in Shue et al.'s predictions is due to the inappropriate linear extrapolation from the parameter range for average solar wind conditions to that for extreme conditions. To improve predictions tinder extreme solar wind conditions, we introduce a nonlinear dependence of the parameters on the solar wind conditions to represent the saturation effects of the solar wind dynamic pressure on the flaring of the magnetopause and saturation effects of the interplanetary magnetic field B z on the subsolar standoff distance. These changes lead to a better agreement with the Interball 1 observations for this event.
Comparison of ARIMA, neural networks and hybrid models in time series: tourist arrival forecasting

For time series forecasting, different artificial neural network (ANN) and hybrid models are recommended as alternatives to commonly used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. Recently, combined models with both linear and nonlinear models have greater attention. In this article, ARIMA, linear ANN, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and radial basis function network (RBFN) models are considered along with various combinations of these models for forecasting tourist arrivals to Turkey. Comparison of forecasting performances shows that models with nonlinear components give a better performance.
THE PATH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: BRIDGING THE THEORY‐EMPIRICISM GAP

The path analysis technique was introduced in educational research relatively recently. It is very effective for conceptualizing research and for linking theory and the “real world”. Major advances are possible if more researchers in education would adopt this technique. However, the outward complex appearance of path analysis diagrams with their many variables, straight and curved arrows and numerical coefficients, and the terminology such as “residuals” and “recursive” associated with discussions of the technique tend to deter researchers. In this article the author gives an overview of the technique in simple terms. Its strengths and weaknesses are discussed and suggestions are made about how to commence use of the technique. Several examples of path analysis used in educational research are presented. The discussion is of an introductory nature with the hope that readers will develop a confidence to investigate the technique further. The intention of the author here is not to debate the many specific, provocative and complex issues about definition, terminology and interpretation surrounding the technique which methodology specialists continue to discuss as the use of the technique grows.
Modeling of water-gun signatures

A method for calculating the acoustic signal generated by a water gun is presented. The equations describing the shuttle motion and the water jet formation are derived with the assumption that the water is incompressible. The motion of the shuttle is evaluated by assuming adiabatic expansion of the air initially contained in the air chamber of the gun. The formation and dynamics of the water jets emerging from the gun ports are closely connected to the shuttle motion. The combined effect of the water motion through the gun ports and the collapse of a cavity inside the gun nozzle can explain the first part of a water‐gun signature, often referred to as the precursor. The last part of the signature is mainly an impulsive shock wave caused by the collapse of external cavities. It is assumed that the external cavities are formed due to the pressure drop behind each water jet, and that the cavities collapse due to the hydrostatic pressure. The main effect of including interaction between the external cavities .
ESTIMATION OF THE PARAMETERS IN THE MODIFIED OMORI FORMULA FOR AFTERSHOCK FREQUENCIES BY THE MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD PROCEDURE

This paper proposes the maximum likelihood method to estimate the parameters of the modified Omori formula for aftershock sequences directly based on a time series of aftershocks. The likelihood function is derived by assuming that the aftershocks are distributed according to a certain non-stationary Poisson process. This method incidentally provides the asymptotic error distribution of the estimates. Statistical comparison of the characteristic parameters between two aftershock sequences, parameter estimation in case of the existence of the secondary aftershocks and other related problems are also discussed. As illustrative examples of calculations, some aftershock data are analyzed.
Asymptotic Solutions of Fourth Order Near Critically Damped Nonlinear Systems

A perturbation technique is developed in this article to solve asymptotic solutions of fourth order near critically damped nonlinear systems based on the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitroplskii method. The method is illustrated by an example. The results obtained by the presented technique show excellent coincidence with those obtained by numerical method.
Modelling the behaviour of the magnetic field diagnostic coils on the W VII-AS stellarator using a three-dimensional equilibrium code

Three-dimensional equilibrium solvers have been extensively used to investigate stellarator equilibria, but it was only recently that they have been adapted to model the magnetic diagnostics on a functioning experiment. The paper presents the new computer code NEMEC-DIAGNO which was written to model the diagnostic coils on the W VII-AS stellarator. This code extends the free-boundary equilibrium solver NEMEC to calculate the magnetic field and the vector potential due to the plasma currents alone and incorporates detailed models of the coils themselves. In its application to W VII-AS over a range of its operation, the code yields a set of simple curves which provide a prescription for finding the average plasma beta under varying conditions of pressure profile and net longitudinal ‘bootstrap’ current.
Secretome of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Cultured in Platelet Lysate Improves Migration and Viability of Keratinocytes

Chronic wounds depict a silent epidemic challenging medical professionals worldwide. Regenerative medicine uses adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in promising new therapies. In this study, platelet lysate (PL) as a xenogen-free substitute for foetal bovine serum (FBS) in ADSC culture was used to create an ADSC secretome containing cytokines for optimal wound healing conditions. The ADSC secretome was tested on keratinocytes for migrational behaviour and viability. Therefore, human ADSC were characterized under FBS (10%) and PL (5% and 10%) substitution, regarding morphology, differentiation, viability, gene and protein expression. ADSC were then cultured in 5% PL and their secretome was used for stimulation of keratinocyte migration and viability. To enhance the effect, ADSC were treated with Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF, 100 ng/mL) and hypoxia (1% O₂). In both PL and FBS groups, ADSC expressed typical stem cell markers. PL induced a significantly higher increase in cell viability compared to FBS substitution. ADSC secretome contained various beneficial proteins which enhance the wound healing capacity of keratinocytes. This could be optimized treating ADSC with hypoxia and EGF. In conclusion, the study shows that ADSC cultivated in 5% PL can effectively support wound healing conditions and can be considered as a promising new therapy for individual treatment of chronic wound disorders.
Lie Nilpotency Indices of Restricted Universal Enveloping Algebras

ABSTRACT For a restricted Lie algebra L over a field of characteristic p > 0 we study the Lie nilpotency index t L (u(L)) of its restricted universal enveloping algebra u(L). In particular, we determine an upper and a lower bound for t L (u(L)). Finally, under the assumption that L is p-nilpotent and finite-dimensional, we establish when the Lie nilpotency index of u(L) is maximal. Communicated by I. Shestakov.
Effect of Hollow Blades on Flow Improvement in Turbines and Large Scale Fans

In this paper different computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods have been defined and modern methods are developed and compared with conventional ones. Numerical methods are used to calculate volume flow rates of turbines and axial flow fans. Validation of results with experimental data is improved significantly by using hollow blades and this will result to increased efficiency of turbines and large scale fans.
Kinematics of spatially extended high-velocity outflow from the nucleus of M51

Kinematics of high-velocity N(+) were mapped across the Seyfert-line narrow-line region (NLR) at the center of the active spiral galaxy M51. Line intensity, line width, gas excitation, and radio continuum all peak in an extranuclear cloud about 4 arcsec south of the nucleus. Within the cloud, the high-velocity gas is spatially resolved into sharply defined features. In particular, line profiles and channel maps show N(+) emission enhanced in a shell of unresolved thickness. The H-alpha distribution is more uniform, indicating that the N(+) enhancement is driven by temperature/ionization variations rather than by mass. Gas of highest velocity is concentrated at the bright, arcuate southeastern boundary of the N(+) shell. The nuclear isopleths are elliptical in line emission and the radio continuum, with the major axis aimed at this surface. The kinematics of this surface are deprojected to show that two superposed cloud systems are expanding at about 500 km/s in the galactic disk. Thus in this NLR, line broadening and the asymmetries of the emission line profiles arise from geometry, not selective obscuration. 66 references.
Bio-Converted Spirulina for Nutraceutical Chewing Candy Formulations Rich in L-Glutamic and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acids

This study aimed at evaluating changes of microalgae Spirulina during its fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum No. 122 strain, and further at incorporating Spirulina bio-converted for nutraceuticals rich in L-glutamic (L-Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA) into sucrose-free chewing candy (gummy) preparations. Fermented Spirulina had higher b* (yellowness) coordinates than untreated (non-fermented), and fermentation duration (24 and 48 h) had a statistically significant effect on colour coordinates. The highest contents of L-glutamic and gamma-aminobutyric acids (4062 and 228.6 mg/kg, respectively) were found in 24 and 48 h-fermented Spirulina, respectively. Fermentation increased the content of saturated fatty acids and omega-3 in Spirulina, while monounsaturated fatty acids and omega-6 were reduced. The addition of fermented Spirulina (FSp) significantly affected hardness, decreased lightness and yellowness, and increased the greenness of chewing candies. All chewing candy samples (with xylitol) prepared with 3 and 5 g of FSp and 0.2 µL of Citrus paradise essential oil received the highest scores for overall acceptability, and the highest intensity (0.052) of emotion “happy” was elicited by the sample group containing xylitol, agar, ascorbic acid, 3 g of FSp, and 0.1 µL of Mentha spicata essential oil. As an outcome of this research, one may conclude that fermented Spirulina has significant potential as an innovative ingredient in the production of healthier sucrose-free nutraceutical chewing candies.
One dimensional dynamics : cross-ratios, negative Schwarzian and structural stability

This thesis concerns the behaviour of maps with a unique critical point which is either a maximum or a minimum: so-called unimodal maps. Our first main result proves that for C2+η unimodal maps with non-flat critical point we have good control on the behaviour of cross-ratios on small scales. This result, an improvement on a result of Kozlovski in [K2], proves that in many cases the negative Schwarzian condition (which is not even defined if a map is not C3) is unnecessary. This result follows recent work of Shen, van Strien and Vargas. The main tools are standard cross-ratio estimates, the usual principal nest, the Koebe Lemma, the real bounds from [SV] and the 'Yoccoz Lemma'. Our second main result concerns questions of structural stability. Prompted by the final section of Kozlovski's thesis [K1], we prove that in some cases we can characterise those points at which a small local perturbation changes the type of the map. We prove for these cases that this set of 'structurally sensitive points' is precisely the postcritical set. The main tools are the Koebe Lemma, the real bounds of [LS1], and the quasiconformal deformation argument of [K3]. The thesis is arranged in the form of two chapters dealing with each of the main results separately, followed by an appendix to prove an auxiliary result. The chapters may be read independently of each other.
Modal simulation and visualization in finite mixture models

Kim & Lindsay ( 2011a ) proposed a new sampling‐based visualization methodology, modal simulation, designed to describe the boundaries of the confidence regions generated by an inference function such as the likelihood. Once the sample points on the boundaries of the targeted confidence sets are created in a single simulation run, one can use those samples to describe every confidence set of interest without further numerical optimization. However, this method assumes that one is simulating the samples for the parameters from the likelihood region with a single mode. In this article we extend the modal simulation method to be applicable to the likelihood regions in a finite mixture model where there exist multiple modes. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 421–437; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada
Partial self inductance at DC of some common cross sections

The partial self inductance per unit of length at DC is developed, for a long conductor, into a series with a logarithmic and constant term and inverse powers of the length, involving characteristic distances: geometrical and arithmetical mean distance, and higher orders. This is applied to some common conductor cross sections: ellipse, rectangle and diamond, for which analytical and approximate expressions are provided. In the limit of zero thickness the inductance and characteristic distances still depend on the originating cross section.
Band structure of Au monoatomic chains on Si(335) and Si(557) surfaces

The electronic band structure of the Si(557) and Si(335) surfaces covered with monoatomic Au chains produced in UHV conditions, is investigated in detail by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES), especially for the surface state bands near the Fermi energy. The ARPES spectra in the plane parallel to step edges for Si(557)-Au vicinal surface show strongly dispersive electron energy bands, characteristic of one-dimensional structure. The band dispersion is also calculated within tight-binding model, with two adjustable coupling parameters t1 and t2, for the first and second neighbors along the chains, respectively, and compared with that determined from the photoemission experiment. The scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) studies enabled us to determine atomic chain separation and its internal structure. The study shows that the structural anisotropy of these surfaces induces highly anisotropic electronic structure.
The spectrum of the SB2 HD 64491 and the problem of metal abundances in λ Boo stars

The spectrum of the classical λ Boo star HD 64491 reveals that the object is a double-lined spectroscopic binary whose components have different $v\,\sin\,i$ values. From such a tangled spectrum, we show that large metal underabundances can be derived with the hypothesis that the spectrum is formed by a single object, while the abundance peculiarities are drastically reduced when the duplicity is taken into account.
A Review of Parallel Transmit Arrays for Ultra-High Field MR Imaging

Parallel transmission (pTX) techniques are required to tackle a number of challenges, e.g., the inhomogeneous distribution of the transmit field and elevated specific absorption rate (SAR), in ultra-high field (UHF) MR imaging. Additionally, they offer multiple degrees of freedom to create temporally- and spatially-tailored transverse magnetization. Given the increasing availability of MRI systems at 7 T and above, it is anticipated that interest in pTX applications will grow accordingly. One of the key components in MR systems capable of pTX is the design of the transmit array, as this has a major impact on performance in terms of power requirements, SAR and RF pulse design. While several reviews on pTX pulse design and the clinical applicability of UHF exist, there is currently no systematic review of pTX transmit/transceiver coils and their associated performance. In this article, we analyze transmit array concepts to determine the strengths and weaknesses of different types of design. We systematically review the different types of individual antennas employed for UHF, their combination into pTX arrays, and methods to decouple the individual elements. We also reiterate figures-of-merit (FoMs) frequently employed to describe the performance of pTX arrays and summarize published array designs in terms of these FoMs.
Microfluidic Fabrication of Natural Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review

Natural polymers, thanks to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biomimicry, have been largely investigated as scaffold materials for tissue engineering applications. Traditional scaffold fabrication methods present several limitations, such as the use of organic solvents, the obtainment of a non-homogeneous structure, the variability in pore size and the lack of pore interconnectivity. These drawbacks can be overcome using innovative and more advanced production techniques based on the use of microfluidic platforms. Droplet microfluidics and microfluidic spinning techniques have recently found applications in the field of tissue engineering to produce microparticles and microfibers that can be used as scaffolds or as building blocks for three-dimensional structures. Compared to standard fabrication technologies, microfluidics-based ones offer several advantages, such as the possibility of obtaining particles and fibers with uniform dimensions. Thus, scaffolds with extremely precise geometry, pore distribution, pore interconnectivity and a uniform pores size can be obtained. Microfluidics can also represent a cheaper manufacturing technique. In this review, the microfluidic fabrication of microparticles, microfibers and three-dimensional scaffolds based on natural polymers will be illustrated. An overview of their applications in different tissue engineering fields will also be provided.
A Search for Neutral Supersymmetric Higgs Bosons at DØ

A search for Higgs bosons in multijet data from the D0 detector is reported in this thesis. The Higgs boson is the only remaining undiscovered particle in the Standard Model of particle physics, and plays an integral role in this model. It is known that this model is not a complete description of fundamental physics (it does not describe gravity, for example), and so searches for physics beyond the Standard Model are an important part of particle physics. One extension of the Standard Model, the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), predicts the existence of five Higgs bosons, two of which can show an enhanced coupling to bottom quarks. For this reason, a search in the bbb (multijet) channel is a sensitive test of Higgs boson physics. The analysis described in this thesis was conducted over 6.6 fb{sup -1} of data. At the time of writing, the best limits on tan {beta} (a key parameter of the MSSM) in the multijet channel were set by D0. The new analysis described in this thesis included more data than the previous analysis in the channel, and made use of a new trigger and event-based analysis method. An improved Multivariate Analysis technique was usedmore » to separate signal and background events and produce a final discriminant for the limit setting process. These changes increased the expected sensitivity of this measurement by roughly 50% more than would be expected from the increase in the size of data sample alone. « less
Perturbation of magnetostatic modes observed by ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy

Magnetostatic modes of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films are investigated by ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy. A thin-film "probe" magnet at the tip of a compliant cantilever introduces a local inhomogeneity in the internal field of the YIG sample. This influences the shape of the sample's magnetostatic modes, thereby measurably perturbing the strength of the force coupled to the cantilever. We present a theoretical model that explains these observations; it shows that the tip-induced variation of the internal field creates either a local "potential barrier" or "potential well" for the magnetostatic waves. The data and model together indicate that local magnetic imaging of ferromagnets is possible, even in the presence of long-range spin coupling, through the introduction of localized magnetostatic modes predicted to arise from sufficiently strong tip fields.
Architectural style classification of the Chinese traditional settlements using deep learning

This paper investigates state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to achieve automatic architectural style classification of the Chinese traditional settlements. First, a new annotated dataset is built with six typical Chinese architectural styles, consisting of over 1000 web-crawled images and an original image collection of Chinese traditional settlements. Second, a state-of-the-art convolutional network named DenseNet is benchmarked on the new dataset to learn the effectiveness of the deep learning networks. Yet, the DenseNet network suffered server overfitting on the small-sized new dataset. Third, to overcome the common overfitting problem, a new deep learning framework named DenseNet-TL-Aug is developed by leveraging transfer learning (TL) and data augmentation (DA) techniques, e.g., AutoAugment. The experimental results demonstrate that the new developed framework achieves much better classification performance in classifying the Chinese traditional style images than the original DenseNet, significantly mitigating the overfitting problem. This study will contribute to automated landscape gene recognition as well as the design and development of traditional tourism.