Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Existence of blenders in a Hénon-like family: geometric insights from invariant manifold computations

A blender is an intricate geometric structure of a diffeomorphism of dimension at least three. Its characterizing feature is that its invariant manifolds behave as geometric objects of a dimension that is larger than expected from the dimensions of the manifolds themselves. We introduce an explicit Hénon-like family of three-dimensional diffeomorphisms and show that it has a blender in a specific parameter regime. Advanced numerical techniques for the computation of one-dimensional stable and unstable manifolds enable us to present images of actual blenders and their associated manifolds. Moreover, these techniques allow us to present strong numerical evidence for the existence of the blender over a larger parameter range, as well as its disappearance and geometric properties beyond this range.
Magneto-optical probe of ultrafast spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic CoO thin films

The probe of antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin dynamics in thin films has traditionally relied on the short x-ray pulses based on the magnetic dichroism or diffraction effect. Here, we demonstrate the direct optical probe of ultrafast laser-induced AFM spin dynamics of thin AFM CoO films using time-resolved magnetic linear dichroism effect in reflection geometry. The ultrafast laser excitation of the CoO film leads to the quench of AFM order, manifested as large polarization rotations of the reflected probe light. Far below the N\'eel temperature $({T}_{\mathrm{N}})$, the quench of the AFM order occurs within 300 fs, which is faster than the lattice thermalization $(\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps})$ via electron-lattice scattering. This AFM quench process, however, slows down near ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$, where an additional slower quench process with the time constant longer than 20 ps is emergent. Such an AFM spin dynamics is dramatically different than the transient reflectivity dynamics which is nearly invariant in a wide temperature range across ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. We attribute the quench of AFM order in CoO to the charge-transfer excitation and thermal effect, but the latter mechanism only plays a significant role near ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$.
Operationalising Automation Transparency for Maritime Collision Avoidance

: Automation transparency is a means to provide understandability and predictability of autonomous systems by disclosing what the system is currently doing, why it is doing it, and what it will do next. To support human supervision of autonomous collision avoidance systems, insight into the system’s internal reasoning is an important prerequisite. However, there is limited knowledge regarding transparency in this domain and its relationship to human supervisory performance. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate how an information processing model and a cognitive task analysis could be used to drive the development of transparency concepts. Also, realistic traffic situations, reflecting the variation in collision type and context that can occur in real ‐ life, were developed to empirically evaluate these concepts. Together, these activities provide the groundwork for exploring the relation between transparency and human performance variables in the autonomous maritime context
Recent Advances in β-Glucosidase Sequence and Structure Engineering: A Brief Review

β-glucosidases (BGLs) play a crucial role in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass as well as in industrial applications such as pharmaceuticals, foods, and flavors. However, the application of BGLs has been largely hindered by issues such as low enzyme activity, product inhibition, low stability, etc. Many approaches have been developed to engineer BGLs to improve these enzymatic characteristics to facilitate industrial production. In this article, we review the recent advances in BGL engineering in the field, including the efforts from our laboratory. We summarize and discuss the BGL engineering studies according to the targeted functions as well as the specific strategies used for BGL engineering.
Using The Canva App as A Media Horizontal Thematic Learning (Art, Science and Language) in Elementary School

: This article is a development research that relies on several literacy obtained and described. Currently, the design needs are increasingly unstoppable. Of course, most people are familiar with a graphic design application called Canva. However, some people still don't know how to use Canva. Canva is an online graphic design app that allows users to easily create different types of designs, including: B. Resume design, posters, logos, etc. The graphics of the application are very suitable and are recommended even for beginners. Because the application looks very friendly and easy to use. Still, it's not uncommon for people to struggle with Canva. The reason for this is that Canva has so many features that you should be familiar with. So how do you use Canva for design purposes and more? Canva is a beginner-friendly online graphic design app. Additionally, Canva can be accessed on desktop and mobile devices. So you can work creatively anytime, anywhere. With a variety of attractive designs, the learning process will never be boring. Canva applications enable teachers to impart their knowledge, creativity, and skills to their students, enabling them to use these media in many areas of their lives.
Adaptive harmonic steady‐state control for rejection of sinusoidal disturbances acting on a completely unknown system

This paper presents an adaptive harmonic steady‐state (AHSS) controller that addresses the problem of rejecting sinusoids with known frequencies that act on a completely unknown asymptotically stable linear time‐invariant system. We analyze the stability and closed‐loop performance of AHSS for multi‐input multi‐output systems that are square (ie, the number of controls equals the number of performance measurements). In this case, we show that AHSS asymptotically rejects disturbances, that is, the performance measurement tends to 0. We also present a numerical study of the steady‐state and transient performance of AHSS for square and nonsquare systems.
A review of various recycling methods of PET waste: an avenue to circularity

ABSTRACT The rising significance of the circular economy as a strategy for sustainable growth in the synthetic polymer sector has led researchers to suggest several blue ocean techniques to create new demand. Polyethylene terephthalate, a promising synthetic polymer used in textiles and packaging, contributes to unmanageable amounts of post-consumer trash. The ban on single-use plastics (SUP) forced researchers to find the best “circularity” path using the 5 R framework. By analyzing multiple recycling methods it is inferred hat recycling of the post-consumer polyester waste is the best option to achieve sustainability based on United Nation’s Sustainable Development Programme. Graphical Abstract
Low-dose CT reconstruction with MRF prior predicted from patch samples of normal-dose CT database

Markov random field (MRF) model-based penalty is widely used in statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) of low dose CT (LDCT) reconstruction for noise suppression and edge-preserving. In this strategy, normal dose CT scans are usually used as a priori information to further improve the LDCT quality. However, repeated CT scans are needed and registration or segmentation is usually applied first when misalignment between the low-dose and normal-dose scans exists. The study aims to propose a new MRF prior model of SIR based on the NDCT database without registration. In the proposed model, MRF weights are predicted using optimal similar patch samples from the NDCT database. The patch samples are determined by evaluating the similarity with Euclidean distance between patches from NDCT and the target patch of LDCT. The proposed prior term is incorporated into the SIR cost function, which is to be minimized for LDCT reconstruction. The proposed method is tested on an artificial LDCT data based on a high-dose patient data. Preliminary result has proved its potential performance in edge and structure detail preservation.
CORM QUALITY OF TARO UNDER IRRIGATION LEVELS AND DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES

Irrigation amount is an important factor in the development of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott), however, there is little information focus on effects of water scheme on its corm quality under different soil textures. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the taro corm quality in response to five irrigation levels (20%, 60%, 100%, 140% and 180% ETc - crop water requirement) under three soil textures (clay, sandy clay loam, and sandy soil) in a greenhouse. Results indicated that corm number total (CNt) and corm diameter (CD) of taro decreased with reduced irrigation levels, higher values were detected at 140%ETc and 180%ETc in all soil types. CD and CNt performed better in sandy soil than in other two soils, especially in water scheme lower than 100%ETc. In general, total sugar (TS), reducing sugar (RS), and starch content (SC) of taro corm performed better in higher water regime, except that for protein content (PC). Taro corm had higher TS and SC in sandy soil, while lower PC was observed in the same soil treatment. Overall, higher water level was more beneficial to improve corm quality, and SS could be more suitable for taro cultivation under water stress.
Considerations for Atmospheric Measurements with Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems

This paper discusses results of the CLOUD-MAP (Collaboration Leading Operational UAS Development for Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics) project dedicated to developing, fielding, and evaluating integrated small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) for enhanced atmospheric physics measurements. The project team includes atmospheric scientists, meteorologists, engineers, computer scientists, geographers, and chemists necessary to evaluate the needs and develop the advanced sensing and imaging, robust autonomous navigation, enhanced data communication, and data management capabilities required to use sUAS in atmospheric physics. Annual integrated evaluation of the systems in coordinated field tests are being used to validate sensor performance while integrated into various sUAS platforms. This paper focuses on aspects related to atmospheric sampling of thermodynamic parameters with sUAS, specifically sensor integration and calibration/validation, particularly as it relates to boundary layer profiling. Validation of sensor output is performed by comparing measurements with known values, including instrumented towers, radiosondes, and other validated sUAS platforms. Experiments to determine the impact of sensor location and vehicle operation have been performed, with sensor aspiration a major factor. Measurements are robust provided that instrument packages are properly mounted in locations that provide adequate air flow and proper solar shielding.
Multisensors Fusion for Trajectory Tracking Based on Variational Normalizing Flow

The problem of multisensors fusion target trajectory tracking under the Bayesian variational inference (VI) is to find the jointly accurate posterior distribution. In this article, a joint optimization method, called VINFNet, combining inference modeling and data-driven is proposed. The proposed VINFNet incorporates the respective advantages of state-space latent inference models and deep generative network that can explicitly model the physical process of target motion and construct complex posterior distributions of target trajectory through a series of invertible mappings. Specifically, the joint probabilistic representation of the multisensors latent variable is generated by VI, with the optimization on the evidence lower bound (ELBO) to guarantee convergence. However, finding the approximate posterior distribution of targets in VI is a crucially intractable problem. Therefore, a normalized flow generation model under a multilayers perceptron strategy is proposed to recover the approximate posterior distribution of targets, overcoming the challenge of choosing the posterior distribution during VI. The proposed VINFNet neither requires the computation of complex Jacobi matrices as in model-based algorithms such as Kalman filter (KF) nor lacks interpretability as in data-driven neural networks. Simulations and ablation experiments evaluate that the VINFNet algorithm outperforms prevalent methods regarding convergence, accuracy, robustness, and effectiveness via fusing different data sources.
Video-Audio Domain Generalization via Confounder Disentanglement

Existing video-audio understanding models are trained and evaluated in an intra-domain setting, facing performance degeneration in real-world applications where multiple domains and distribution shifts naturally exist. The key to video-audio domain generalization (VADG) lies in alleviating spurious correlations over multi-modal features. To achieve this goal, we resort to causal theory and attribute such correlation to confounders affecting both video-audio features and labels. We propose a DeVADG framework that conducts uni-modal and cross-modal deconfounding through back-door adjustment. DeVADG performs cross-modal disentanglement and obtains fine-grained confounders at both class-level and domain-level using half-sibling regression and unpaired domain transformation, which essentially identifies domain-variant factors and class-shared factors that cause spurious correlations between features and false labels. To promote VADG research, we collect a VADG-Action dataset for video-audio action recognition with over 5,000 video clips across four domains (e.g., cartoon and game) and ten action classes (e.g., cooking and riding). We conduct extensive experiments, i.e., multi-source DG, single-source DG, and qualitative analysis, validating the rationality of our causal analysis and the effectiveness of the DeVADG framework.
Um Sistema Autônomo para a Predição de Ataques de DDoS em Redes Locais e Internet

Diante da constante evolução dos ataques de negação de serviço distribuído (DDoS), torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas de predição para confrontar essas ameaças. A dissimulação dos ataques e o alto volume de tráfego de rede dificultam o seu reconhecimento. Portanto é importante identificar a preparação dos ataques para aumentar o tempo hábil de combatê-los. Este artigo apresenta um sistema autoadaptativo para a predição dos ataques DDoS. O sistema define automaticamente a melhor configuração da rede neural para distinguir a preparação do ataque DDoS do tráfego normal. Os resultados indicam que o sistema consegue predizer um ataque DDoS em 29 minutos antes do seu início com acurácia superior à literatura (97,89%).
Comparison of open boundary conditions realizations for continuous injection of an electron beam into a plasma in the case of the PIC and parabolic form-factors

The paper is devoted to a comparison of methods for realizing open boundary conditions that allow continuous injection of a beam of charged particles into a plasma in the PIC model in the case of different particle form-factors, as well as with two variants of boundary conditions at plasma ends. It is shown that simulation results coincide for the PIC and parabolic form-factors for the problem of injecting an electron beam into a plasma in 1D geometry for all the boundary conditions under consideration. In 2D geometry, we find the discrepancy between these models, as well as the inapplicability of the Mur’s boundary conditions for electromagnetic fields simultaneously with the condition of equality of currents in boundary cells. The number of particles in a cell, which is necessary for convergence of calculations, for each method is determined.
Why privilege the Europeans? A discussion of FIFA’s rules for international transfers for under-18 players

ABSTRACT Many professional football clubs in Europe have youth academies. The business model of such academies is that a club invests resources in training a player and then, when the player is old enough to sign an adult contract, either sells the player or offers him an adult contract. According to Fédération Internationale De Football Association (FIFA), international transfers of players are only permitted if the player is over the age of 18. There are five exceptions to this rule. One of them is that if the player is between 16 and 18 and the transfer takes place within the territory of the European Economic Area (EEA), then an international transfer is allowed. This article is a discussion of the FIFA rules that mandate non-uniform age limits for when players can first transfer to clubs within the EEA area. The conclusion of the article is that FIFA is morally unjustified in setting a higher minimum age for transfer to EEA clubs for non-EEA players than for EEA players. The article first develops an argument for its conclusion. It then discusses, and rejects, the five best objections to this argument.
Self-force in Non-vacuum Spacetimes: Theory and Applications

SELF-FORCE IN NON-VACUUM SPACETIMES: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Peter Zimmerman Advisor: University of Guelph, 2015 Professor Eric Poisson In the past, the formulation of the gravitational self-force problem has been restricted to background spacetimes which are devoid of additional matter fields. The solutions describing these geometries obey the vacuum Einstein field equations and the motion of test-particles is geodesic. While the vacuum formulation may be adequate for characterizing extreme mass ratio inspirals around black holes, which form the most promising candidates for the proposed space-based gravitational wave detector (e)LISA, many phenomena require contending with extra fields. For example, one may wish to consider the motion of a small charged body through the magnetosphere of a larger object as it inspirals, which would require modeling the combined effects of the electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations created by the small body. The non-vacuum gravitational self-force will also play an important role in describing the motion of small bodies in alternative theories of gravity, where the gravitational field is mediated by both the spacetime metric and additional fields. Moreover, the non-vacuum self-force is needed to test whether a Reissner-Nordröm black hole can be driven to an overcharged state by bombarding it with a charged particle. In this thesis, we provide a foundational framework for tackling these problems through a sequence of formal derivations of the first-order self-force in non-vacuum spacetimes containing additional matter fields with integer little group representations. Specifically, we present two derivations: one based on regular solutions to the linearized field equations, and the other following from effective field theory principles. Both derivations utilize a novel “meta-index” notation to collect the fields into a single“super-field” which streamlines the analysis. The formalism is then applied to the scalarvac and electrovac spacetimes as concrete scenarios. We then derive the first-order self-force in scalar-tensor theory of gravity and mention the prospect of constraining the theory using the result. We also find that both the mass and effective charge of the particle in scalar-tensor theory evolve due to the self-field, indicating that scalarization phenomena are exhibited in the extreme mass ratio inspiral problem.
Conflict and Perspectives: The Social Construction of Chinese Ethnic Citizens against Natives in Surakarta, Indonesia after the May 1998 Riots

With over 1300 ethnic groups and 700 languages, Indonesia is one of the most varied countries in the world. One of those ethic is the Chinese, who have lived in Indonesia for almost 500 years due to international trade, which encourages mixed marriages. Since the 1700s, the Chinese and natives are working together to chase away the European colonial, and that relationship is developed into a deeper and more formal relation in this modern day. Although, the national revolution caused by the economic crisis occurred in 1998, the locals are targeting Chinese ethics, and many of the killing and rape victims are Chinese ethic. This research analyzes the changes in the social construction from the perspective of Chinese ethic after the 1998 riots by using the qualitative framework, with the deep interview method. The sample is 11 indormants which came from two different generations OF THE CHINESE ETHNIC GROUPS with the purpose to have a more comprehensive analysis, from different perspectives. In general, there are differences in construction between the older and younger generations. As a result, the older generation views natives as an out-group, whilst the younger generation views natives as friends and family, implying that there are no disparities in identity and group between Chinese and indigenous. Differences in access to law enforcement and economic disparities are two of the most influential factors in the social construction of Chinese ethic perspectives among natives.
Monte Carlo Study of Unflattened Photon Beams Shaped by Multileaf Collimator

Introduction: This study investigates basic dosimetric properties of unflattened 6 MV photon beam shaped by multileaf collimator and compares them with those of flattened beams. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulation model using BEAM code was developed for a 6MV photon beam based on Varian Clinic 600 unique performance linac operated with and without a flattening filter in beam line. Dosimetric features including lateral profiles, central axis depth dose, photon and electron spectra were calculated for flattened and unflattened cases, separately. Results: An increase in absolute depth dose with a factor of more than 2.4 was observed for unflattened beam which was dependent on depth. PDDs values were found to be lower for unflattened beam for all field sizes. Significant decrease in calculated mlc leakage was observed when the flattening filter was removed from the beam line. The total scatter factor, SCP was found to show less variation with field sizes for unflattened beam indicating a decrease in head scatter. The beam profiles for unflattened case are found to have lower relative dose value in comparison with flattened beam near the field edge, and it falls off faster with distance. Conclusion: Our study showed that increase in the dose rate and lower peripheral dose could be considered as realistic advantages for unflattened 6MV photon beams.