Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TEMPORAL PROCESSING IN ARTIFICIAL DENDRITIC TREE NEUROMORPHS

The artificial dendritic tree, as part of a silicon neuromorph, is modelled as a multibranched, passive cable structure. Synaptic activations are either depolarizing (excitatory), hyperpolarizing (inhibitory), or shunting. Contemporaneous synaptic activation at widely separated sites on the tree result in linear summation of their effects, as do neighboring excitatory and inhibitory activations; activation of synapses of the same type close in time or space produce local saturation of potential resulting in sublinear summation. Linear summation and saturation, both physiologically plausible, are exploited to allow a single neuromorph to discriminate pulse intervals, pulse frequencies, or detect correlation between input trains.
The French notion of the image fidèle : the power of words

La notion d'image fidele a ete introduite dans la reglementation comptable francaise en application de la IVeme directive europeenne de 1978 relative aux comptes des societes de capitaux. Cette notion qui correspond a la notion de true and fair view britannique etait totalement inconnue en France. Elle a donc du etre reinterpretee, comme le montre l'auteur, dans un contexte juridique tres different de son contexte d'origine; ce qui ne fut pas sans effets sur la pratique et la pensee comptables francaises.
ASTRO-H White Paper - AGN Winds

In this white paper we describe the prospects for ASTRO-H for the study of outflows from active galactic nuclei. The most important breakthroughs in this field are expected to arise from the high spectral resolution and sensitivity in the Fe-K band, combined with broad-band sensitivity over the full X-ray band and spectral capabilities also at lower energies. The sensitivity in the Fe-K region allows to extend the absorption measure distribution of the outflow out to the highest ionisation states accessible, where observations with current X-ray missions indicate that most of the outflowing gas is to be found. Due to the high-resolution and sensitivity it will also be able to give the definitive proof for the existence of ultra-fast outflows, and if so, characterise their physical properties in great detail. These ultra-fast outflows carry very large amounts of energy and momentum, and are of fundamental importance for feedback studies. We show how the ASTRO-H observations in general can help to constrain numerical models for outflows. The link to reflection and emission processes is also discussed, as well as the possible relation between outflows and relativistic emission lines. Finally, we discuss the prospects for other related categories of objects like BAL quasars, partially covered sources and Compton thick outflows.
Earth oblateness changes reveal land ice contribution to interannual sea level variability

A broad consensus has emerged regarding the importance of both ocean mass and heat content changes for global sea level (GSL) rise, but their respective contributions to interannual GSL variability are less certain. Here, we use changes in the Earth's dynamic oblateness (J2) to infer land ice contributions to GSL variability during a 10.5‐year period encompassing the intense 1997–98 ENSO event. By accounting for heat content and water mass distribution changes in the oceans, atmosphere and land hydrology using observational and model results, we isolate unexplained residuals in J2 and GSL that are well‐correlated with each other and with melt‐season temperature and mass balance anomalies in Alaska, a particularly active and well‐studied glaciated region. The close agreement between residual GSL and oblateness variations found in our results indicates that the latter can provide a useful proxy for changes in high‐latitude land ice when corrections for other sources are applied.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ENDANGERED VEGETATION IN MIDDLE AND NORTH OF KSA

A succession of environmental events over the last few years has led to a dramatically increased awareness of the issue of global climate change. Global climate change is affecting the distribution of marine species and is thought to represent a threat to biodiversity. The global climate changes are new and unique in that they will have been generated by human activity and could result in disruptions in ecosystems. The goals of both conservation biology and agriculture of feeding an increasing world population and preserving species diversity may be seriously challenged when linked to climate change. This study applies all species distribution in relation to climate projection to explore the potential impacts of climate change on species by 2050. A set of species in the KSA, including different threatened species were used as a case study. Changes in habitat suitability in selected candidate protected areas around the KSA under future climatic scenarios were assessed for these species. Using collected readings from main meteorological stations, changes in climate of Saudi Arabia were recorded and incorporated to endemic and rare or endangered plants. Outputs of these data had an average climate change trend around KSA from 2000 to 2011, with high inter annual variability. The pattern is expected given that it is relatively shallow (average depth ≈90 m). Also, average increases between 1985 and 2050 are 0.77°C and 1.27°C. Atmospheric changes in precipitation patterns, temperature, and greenhouse gases had extreme effects on species distribution and ecosystems characteristics. Vegetation profoundly affected, with local, regional, and global changes. Species distribution is likely to be altered as a consequence of global climate change. The ensemble projections indicated that northward shifts in species at an average rate of 27 km per decade, resulting in small average changes in range overlap between threatened exploited species. Furthermore, the adverse consequences of climate change on the habitat suitability of protected areas were projected to be small. Although the models show large variation in the predicted consequences of climate change, the multi-model approach helps identify the potential risk of increased exposure to human stressors of critically endangered species.
S-wave subsurface structure model of the southern part of Okinawa Island, in Nansei Islands, Japan

The Nansei Islands area in Japan has frequency been damaged by large earthquakes and tsunamis. Therefore, the estimations of them for the disaster mitigation are so important. One of the demanded information for strong ground motion estimation is the deep subsurface structure including a crust and mantle under the huge waters area (e.g. Kodaira et al., 1996). However, most land of these islands has no data of Swave velocity structure except for our previous reports (e.g. Yamada et al., 2010, 2011). Also, the proposed subsurface structure model for the Japanese islands by NIED (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention) includes no model for the Nansei Islands. In this study, we conducted microtrmor array explorations in the largest city of Naha in Okinawa Island, and some sites in other islands. Based on the explorations, we construct the subsurface 1D or 2D model of S-wave velocity structure. These structure models have 2-4 layers and the velocities of seismic basement in 3.0-3.5 km/s. The depth to basement increases from the west to the east. Our model may be available for making a 3D structure model.
Testing Mode-Coupling Theory for a Supercooled Binary Lennard-Jones Mixture II : Intermediate Scattering Function and Dynamic Susceptibility

We have performed a molecular dynamics computer simulation of a supercooled binary Lennard-Jones system in order to compare the dynamical behavior of this system with the predictions of the idealized version of modecoupling theory (MCT). By scaling the time t by the temperature dependent α-relaxation time τ(T ), we find that in the α-relaxation regime F (q, t) and Fs(q, t), the coherent and incoherent intermediate scattering functions, for different temperatures each follows a q-dependent master curve as a function of scaled time. We show that during the early part of the α-relaxation, which is equivalent to the late part of the β-relaxation, these master curves are well approximated by the master curve predicted by MCT for the β-relaxation. This part is also fitted well by a power-law, the so-called von Schweidler law. We show that the effective exponent b of this power-law depends on the wave vector q if q is varied over a large range. The early part of the β-relaxation regime does not show the critical decay predicted by MCT. The q-dependence of the nonergodicity parameter for Fs(q, t) and F (q, t) are in qualitative agreement with MCT. On the time scale of the late α-relaxation the correlation functions show a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watt behavior (KWW). The KWW exponent β is significantly different from the effective von Schweidler exponent b. At low temperatures the α-relaxation time τ(T ) shows a power-law behavior with a critical temperature that is the same as the one found previously for the diffusion constant [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1376 (1994)]. The critical exponent of this power-law and the von Schweidler exponent b fulfill the connection proposed by MCT between these two quantities. We also show that the q-dependent relaxation times extracted from the correlation functions are in accordance with the α-scale universality proposed by MCT. The dynamic susceptibility χ(ω) data for different temperatures also fall on
S-wave/spin-triplet Order in Superconductors without Inversion Symmetry

H. Q. Yuan, ∗ D. F. Agterberg, N. Hayashi, P. Badica, 5 D. Vandervelde, K. Togano, M. Sigrist, and M. B. Salamon Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana and Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201 Theoretische Physik, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan National Institute of Materials Physics, Bucharest, P. O. Box MG-7, 077125, Romania National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan (Dated: February 6, 2008)
Spatially averaged flow over a wavy surface

An understanding of the mechanics of nonuniform flow is important in a variety of ecological and geophysical fluid mechanical problems. Moreover, the ability to predict local boundary shear stress on an uneven bed is essential in erosion and sediment transport problems. In order to elucidate the important fluid mechanical phenomena active over natural quasi-two-dimensional bed forms a series of detailed flow measurements were made above 60- to 100-m-long 1- to 3-m-high dunes in the Columbia River. In this paper, velocity profiles obtained by averaging these flow data along lines of constant distance above the riverbed are examined, and it is shown that they can be constructed from well-known uniform flow results used in conjunction with a hypothesis about the structure of internal boundary layers. This approach permits skin friction as well as total boundary shear stress, averaged over one wavelength of the bed form, to be determined from spatially averaged velocity profiles and, conversely, provides a mechanism whereby zero-order velocity profiles can be constructed for two-dimensional nonuniform channel flows. Corrections for changes in the bottom roughness parameter caused by bed load transport and for flow stratification induced by suspended load transport are derived and applied in order to make the results consistent with the measured spatially averaged shear stress field.
Predicting Temperatures in Rivers and Reservoirs

Procedures used in making forecasts of thermal conditions in proposed reservoirs and in streams to be regulated by them are presented. Reference is made to the energy-budget equation that provided the theoretical basis for the temperature forecasts. Methods of collecting and processing the required data are described including both field and office techniques. Hydrology and physical characteristics of the reservoirs are considered and the regulations for which they were studied described. Steps involved in the application of the energy-budget equation to reservoirs and streams are described including numerical examples of computations. An empirical method for the distribution of energy storage in a reservoir is presented.
Ja n 20 01 Near-infrared Integral Field Spectroscopy and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of the Starburst Galaxy M 82 1

We present new infrared observations of the central regions of the starburst galaxy M 82. The observations consist of near-infrared integral field spectroscopy in the Hand K-band obtained with the MPE 3D instrument, and of λ = 2.4 − 45 µm spectroscopy from the Short Wavelength Spectrometer (SWS) on board the Infrared Space Observatory. These measurements are used, together with data from the literature, to (1) reexamine the controversial issue of extinction, (2) determine the physical conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) within the star-forming regions, and (3) characterize the composition of the stellar populations. Our results provide a set of constraints for detailed starburst modeling which we present in a companion paper. We find that purely foreground extinction cannot reproduce the global relative intensities of H recombination lines from optical to radio wavelengths. A good fit is provided by a homogeneous mixture of dust and sources, and with a visual extinction of A V = 52 mag. The SWS data provide evidence for deviations from commonly assumed extinction laws between 3 µm and 10 µm. The fine-structure lines of Ne, Ar, and S detected with SWS imply an electron density of ≈ 300 cm −3 , and abundance ratios Ne/H and Ar/H nearly solar and S/H about one-fourth solar. The excitation of the ionized gas indicates an average effective temperature for the OB stars of 37400 K, with little spatial variation across the starburst regions. We find that a random distribution of closely packed gas clouds and ionizing clusters, and an ionization parameter of ≈ 10 −2.3 represent well the star-forming regions on spatial scales ranging from a few tens to a few hundreds of parsecs. From detailed population synthesis and the mass-to-K-light ratio, we conclude that the near-infrared continuum emission across the starburst regions is dominated by red supergiants with average effective temperatures ranging from 3600 K to 4500 K, and roughly solar metallicity. Our data rule out significant contributions from older, metal-rich giants in the central few tens of parsecs of M 82.
An introduction to cosmology

These lecture notes give an introduction to cosmology for high-energy physicists. The content is otherwise orthodox. I introduce the cosmological principle, the basic equations, and the data that underly our understanding of the universe. Then I focus on the early universe, discuss nucleosynthesis, the WIMP paradigm of dark matter, and the principles of baryogenesis. The last two sections introduce elementary aspects of large-scale structu re formation, and their relation to inflation. I apologise for not giving much refere nce to the original literature, but I point the reader to other reviews or lec ture notes for more details or insights.
Analysis of radius of curvature of cornea

Objective:To evaluate the normal value of radius of curvature of the cornea in Chinese,and the differences in sexes and ages.Method: Radii of curvatures of corneas were measured in 10 998 normal eyes,and statistic analyses were made according to males and females in groups of ages (each group included 10 ages). Results:(1)The vertical radius(K 1) was 7.65 mm,the horizontal one (K 2) 7.71 mm.The average(K) of K 1 and K 2 was 7.67 mm,which was 0.1 mm shorter than the ralue reported in the ophthalmology literatures. (2)K in male was 0.1155 mm longer than that in female. (3)The radii of curvatures of the corneas in male and female decreased with ages.That is to say,the radius of curvature of the cornea is inversely proportional to age. (4)As K 1 increased and K 2 decreased with age,the radio K 1/K 2 increased with age.Conclusion:The radius of curvature of normal Chinese cornea is 0.1 mm shorter than that reported in ophthalmology literatures,and there is difference between male and female,and in ages,too.
SNZI: scalable NonZero indicators

We introduce the SNZI shared object, which is related to traditional shared counters, but has weaker semantics. We also introduce a resettable version of SNZI called SNZI-R. We present implementations that are scalable, linearizable, nonblocking, and fast in the absence of contention, properties that are difficult or impossible to achieve simultaneously with the stronger semantics of traditional counters. Our primary motivation in introducing SNZI and SNZI-R is to use them to improve the performance and scalability of software and hybrid transactional memory systems. We present performance experiments showing that our implementations have excellent performance characteristics for this purpose.
ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS IN THE MOST NORTHERN TIP OF THE GULF OF AQABA, A CASE STUDY

This work aims at studying zooplankton biomass in the oligotrophic water of the most northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Zooplankton were sampled twice at two different days during September 2003 from three sites at 25 and 50m depths. Stations were selected near areas with high human activities at the northern coast of Aqaba. Slight differences between 25m and 50m water depth were found at the different selected sites. A notable increase was observed in surface zooplankton biomass inside the yachting club pool compared to the other locations which attributed to human activities at this station. However, the results indicated that the distribution of zooplankton biomass at the most northern tip of the Jordanian sector of the Gulf of Aqaba was fairly homogeneous. Fractions of the zooplankton biomass of the studied areas were distributed ascendingly with an increase in the fraction size of the following order 100-200, 200-500, 500-1000 and >1000 µm. It is concluded that, anthropogenic activities at the northern tip of the Gulf of Aqaba, which results in higher nutrient levels, may subsequently increase the biomass of zooplankton in the sea water.
Lateral Displacement of Upper Miocene Rocks . . . Along the San Andreas Fault in Central California

Abstract Late Miocene strata occur on both sides of the San Andreas fault for several hundred miles in central California. The unlike facies and contrasting paleogeographic situations which are found across the fault along much of this distance must have been brought together by large-scale strike-slip movement on the fault. Clastic deposits west of the San Andreas need granitic-volcanic sources east of the fault, but the only such sources are to the southeast - in one probable case, more than 110 miles away. Likewise, voluminous coarse conglomerate beds east of the fault in the southern Temblor Range require the presence of a large, highly elevated granitic and metamorphic source immediately west of the fault during the later upper Miocene. The northern Gabilan Range, about 150 miles (240 km) to the northwest, was probably the only such basement area exposed at the time; the granitic and metamorphic bedrock here is very similar to the type of gravel found within the conglomerate of the southern Temblor Range. Thus, the Temblor Range clastic rocks were deposited adjacent to the Gabilan bedrock, and the two areas subsequently have been offset by about 150 miles (240 km) of right-slip on the San Andreas fault. The Gabilan source appears to have moved northwestward along the fault during the upper Miocene; together with tentative correlations between parts of the source and parts of the clastic deposits, this suggests post-Miocene offset of 145 ± 5 miles (234 ± 8 km), post-early upper Mohnian offset of 158 ± 3 miles (254 ± 5 km), and thus 50 to 21 miles (8 to 34 km) of slip during the later upper Miocene.
Light-induced desorption of alkali-metal atoms from paraffin coating

Observation of nonthermal, light-induced desorption of Cs and Rb atoms from paraffin coating is reported. Buffer-gas-free paraffin-coated cells containing Cs and Rb were exposed to laser light of various intensities and frequencies, and the change of the vapor densities as a function of time was investigated. Because atomic polarization relaxes very slowly in paraffin-coated cells (spin-relaxation times can be ≥ 1 s), they are applied in a variety of precision measurements (e.g., magnetometry, discrete symmetry tests, etc.). Light-induced desorption may be useful in such measurements as a method to control atomic density without changing the temperature of the cell.
INTEGRATION OF 3D LASER SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND THERMOGRAPHY TO RECORD ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

In this paper we present a methodology to record accurately and exhaustively a World Heritage Monument by means of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), close range photogrammetry and thermal imagery. On the one hand, TLS will provide 3D point clouds as well as rough photo models that can substantially improve the draping of texture with external imagery. On the other hand, thermal imagery will provide further information about the actual state of conservation of the monument. As a case study, we present the complete documentation of a tomb, Djin Block No. 9. This monument is one of the park's archaeological monuments in Petra (Jordan), declared a World Heritage Site in 1985. Today, corrosion of the clay water management systems surrounding Djin Blocks has contributed to the weathering of the monuments, and erosion from wind, water and salt threatens to destroy these monuments despite efforts to preserve them for future generations. This study aims to contribute both metric and non-metric data in order to record the actual state of the tomb at present, before archaeologists, architects and further specialists start any kinds of intervention activities. Furthermore, the 3D photo-models will be used to visualize and disseminate the monument virtually through the Internet. * Corresponding author.
Comment On: Characterization of Subthreshold Voltage Fluctuations in Neuronal Membranes by M. Rudolph and A. Destexhe

In a recent paper, Rudolph and Destexhe (Neural Comp. 15, 2577-2618, 2003) studied a leaky integrator model (i.e. an RC-circuit) driven by correlated (" colored ") Gaussian conductance noise and Gaussian current noise. They derived an expression for the stationary probability density of the membrane voltage. Here we show by standard analysis of solvable limit cases and by numerical simulations that their result does not hold for the general colored-noise case and uncover the errors made in the derivation of a Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density.