Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 7 M ay 2 01 1 The effect of a scanning flat fold mirror on a CMB B-mode experiment

The prevailing ΛCDM cosmological model has been very successful in explaining many observations of the universe. However, inflation exponential expansion within the first ∼ 10 s has many uncertain details; indeed it lacks strong confirmation. Inflationary models predict a background of gravity waves [1, 9, 20, 22, 23] which produce a curl-like, or “B-mode” pattern of polarization on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on scales greater than 1, which cannot be produced by density perturbations [11, 25]. The amplitude of this signal is characterized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, which is constrained by current measurements of the temperature power spectrum and temperature-polarization crosscorrelation to a value r < 0.20 [12]. To put tight constraints on inflationary models [2] we need to detect the primordial B-mode signal, or constrain it for r < 0.01. This requires measurement of polarization fluctuations at the level of 10 nK. To measure this signal level is challenging, and good control of systematics is required [10]. A number of ground-based (QUIET [21], PolarBear [15]), balloonbased (EBEX [7], Spider [4]) and satellite-based (Planck [14, 17]) experiments have been, or are close to being, fielded with the raw sensitivity to detect the B-mode signal if it is present at a reasonable r. These experiments are all designed to have low, and stable, instrumental polarization (IP), and often include a modulation strategy to assist with reducing systematics and mitigating against 1/f noise. The majority of these experiments hold their optics stationary with respect to the receiver, and scan the cryostat and optics together; a notable exception being the Tenerife experiment [5]. Scanning the cryostat places requirements on the stability with respect to accelerations and tilts. Although cryogenic receivers have been demonstrated that are stable at different tilt angles [8], the sensitivity to accelerations has not been demonstrated. A system can be imagined, however, which combines a stationary receiver with a fold mirror. Besides the simplification of the cryogenic requirements, the large reduction in the mass of moving components would make the design of the steerable mount much simpler. We investigate such a system in this paper. In Section II we describe the system, and review the production of polarization from reflections. In Section III we describe a fiducal scan strategy and simulation pipeline. Results from this pipeline are then presented and discussed, along with other potential problems in Section IV.
Hematopoiesis Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in hematopoietic and fatty bone marrow : evidence that neuropilin

Recent evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in hematopoiesis and in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) was recently recognized as an isoform-specific receptor for VEGF165 acting as coreceptor for the VEGFR-2. Our primary goal was to evaluate the expression of NRP-1in human hematopoietic marrow and to identify cells responsible for its expression in vivo. Key partners of NRP-1 such as VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were also studied. Samples from iliac bone (rich in hematopoietic marrow), and from femurs (mostly composed of fatty cells) were from 18 human bone marrow core samples obtained from autopsies performed at the Department of Pathology and from 8 human core biopsies obtained from patients undergoing hip surgery at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery. The total RNA was purified by centrifugation on a cesium chloride cushion and from cell suspensions using the High Pure RNA Isolation kit (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed under non-competitive conditions in the presence of a synthetic RNA used as internal standard in order to make the procedure quantitative. To evaluate a possible correlation between the hematopoietic activity and the mRNA level of the VEGF isoforms and their receptors, total RNA was isolated from femoral fatty bone marrow and from iliac crest hematopoietic bone marrow collected from the same donor and RTPCR was performed as above. The hematopoietic activity was evaluated by calculating the relative percentages of the tissue hematopoietic cells versus adipose cells. In all tested specimens, the main isoforms found were VEGF165 and VEGF121 expressed at variable levels. This pattern of expression seems to be specific to bone marrow and is in agreement with the data reporting the RT-PCR analysis of the VEGF121 and VEGF165 in a series of human hematopoietic cell lines. A significant expression of the 189 isoform was observed in femoral bone marrow whereas it was barely detectable in iliac bone marrow (Figure 1A). In most of samples of femoral bone marrow, the total VEGF mRNA was higher than in iliac crest bone marrow: Figure 1. A: Representative examples of the electrophoretic patterns of RT-PCR products of A: VEGF, B: VEGFR-1, C: VEGFR-2 and D: NRP-1 mRNA measured in duplicate using total RNA isolated from the femoral (fem) and the iliac crest (IC) bone marrow of the same donor. The total RNA in the sample solution was evaluated by measuring the 28S rRNA. A synthetic RNA (ssRNA) was added in each tube reaction to monitor the yield of both the reverse transcription and the amplification steps (only for 28S rRNA, VEGF and NRP-1). 189 165
TerraSAR-X Staring Spotlight Processing and Products

Since 2008 the TerraSAR-X Mission, which is currently executed by the two spacecrafts TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X, operationally provides the scientific and commercial user community with a large variety of SAR products ranging from 1m resolution Sliding Spotlight to 18m resolution ScanSAR images. In 2013 the product portfolio has been extended at both edges, on the on hand by a new 6 beam 40m resolution ScanSAR mode and on the other by the new Staring Spotlight (ST) mode achieving an azimuth resolution below 24 cm [7]. In order to provide these new SAR products on an operational basis, the internal workflows and the focusing algorithm of the TerraSAR-X Multi-Mode SAR Processor (TMSP) have been extended. Especially the accuracy requirements of the new ST mode were not completely compatible with the original algorithmic concept, which has been designed and optimized for 1m resolution. This paper presents the modifications of the TMSP algorithm for very high resolution focusing, the product generation concept and characteristics of the new ST mode SAR products.
Option pricing under a jump-telegraph diffusion model with jumps of random size

ABSTRACT We present a finite difference method to solve a system of two Partial-Integro Differential Equations which arise from pricing an option under a Jump-Telegraph Diffusion Model for the underlying asset, considering the risk-neutral valuation formula under an equivalent martingale measure. This system is fully discretized using an Implicit–Explicit two-time level scheme and quadrature formulas. The resulting two tridiagonal algebraic linear systems are solved recursively using the Thomas Algorithm. Some numerical results are presented and the numerical order of convergence for the method is estimated. Finally, the robustness of the method is validated against an exact solution obtained for a perturbed problem.
Conceptual advancement and ecological applications of tree mortality models based on tree-ring and forest inventory data

Forest succession is often modelled using “gap models” that simulate the establishment, growth and mortality of individual trees. However, many mortality submodels that are currently used in gap models are based on theoretical assumptions and have not been tested with empirical data sets. Except for disturbance-induced mortality, these models predict the time of individual tree death using stress thresholds (ST). They often include a simple stress memory that keeps track of low diameter growth over the recent growth history of each tree, which may lead to increased mortality. In the present study, we optimised the parameter values for a range of commonly used classical ST models. We used the geometric mean of the averages of the correctly classified living and dead trees as our optimisation and model performance criterion. Furthermore, we compared the performance of the ST models with that of recently derived logistic regression models based on growth patterns as predictor variables. Tree-ring data from dead and living Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees of subalpine forests at three study sites in Switzerland were used to calibrate and validate the ST models. The optimisation increased the performance of the classical ST models by 61 to 153%. Surprisingly, the model without any stress memory showed the highest performance and thus exceeded the performance of more “realistic” models, i.e., those considering a stress memory. Despite these tremendous improvements, the optimised ST models did not attain the performance of the logistic regression models. Therefore, we conclude that even optimised classical ST models are inferior to regression models with regard to predicting the time of tree death. A considerable change in the simulated forest succession is to be expected if classical ST models that are still used in many gap models are replaced by logistic regression models based on field data.
Numerical Investigation of Forced Convection of Nanofluid Flow in Microchannels: Effect of Adding Micromixer

In the present study, forced convection of CuO–water nanofluid in a two dimensional parallel plate microchannel with and without micromixers has been investigated numerically. Two horizontal hot baffles were inserted between the adiabatic plates and three vertical baffles, which were attached on the plates, worked as micromixers in order to improve the cooling process. The effect of Reynolds number, Re = 10, 30, 60, 100, and 150 and nanoparticles volume fraction, from 0 to 4%, were examined on flow field and heat transfer. Different geometrical configurations for the arrangement of the hot baffles were tested. A FORTRAN code based on finite volume method was developed to solve the governing equations and SIMPLER algorithm was used for handling the pressure-velocity coupling. Simulations showed that the presence of micromixers and increasing the Reynolds number as well as nanoparticles volume fraction, increase the average Nusselt number. In order to achieve maximum heat transfer, best arrangements for the baffles were reported. It was also observed that the size of recirculation zones, which are created behind the micromixer baffles, increases with increasing Reynolds number and leads to better cooling.
Covariance Similarity Approach for Semiblind Unmixing of Hyperspectral Image

Hyperspectral sparse unmixing methods estimate abundance of endmembers, assuming spectral library as an overcomplete set of endmembers. In this letter, we present a novel, fast and efficient dictionary pruning approach for hyperspectral unmixing. We quantify the change in the latent structure of data due to augmentation of spectral library element using covariance similarity measure. Since the covariance matrices form a nonlinear manifold, choosing an appropriate similarity measure is a nontrivial task. We explored prevalent similarity measures, which motivated us to employ Jeffrey’s Kullback–Leibler divergence measure due to its tighter bounds and better noise performance. We also present analytical formulations for faster implementation of covariance similarity. We evaluate the performance of dictionary pruning algorithms on several synthetic and real hyperspectral images and demonstrate the proficiency of our proposed work in diverse scenarios.
Modeling Mesopic Vision Based on Measured Photoreceptor Sensitivity

Abstract : A series of seven experiments were conducted under the HBCU/MI grant from AFRL/RHDO to study brightness, contrast acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color appearance across the mesopic range (between full photopic and full scotopic vision). The transition from cone to rod inputs was measured for each dependent variable and the relative contributions of the l-cones, m-cones, and s-cones were measured for each dependent variable across the mesopic range. The data consistently show the decrease in importance of the l-cones and the critical importance of s-cones in the mesopic range. These data can inform decisions about aircrew safety in mesopic conditions and specific suggestions are offered for color appearance modeling.
Numerical simulation of the effect of water admixtures on the evolution of a helium/dry air discharge

In this study, a 1D plasma fluid model is used to shed light into the evolution of a He/dry air (500 ppm, 79% N2 and 21% O2) dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) under different levels of water admixtures (20 to 2000 ppm). The model considers the analytical chemistry between helium, nitrogen, oxygen and water species and it is verified with experimental results to ensure its correctness. The simulation results show that water admixtures highly affect the discharge characteristics and the dominant ions in the mixture. In particular, it was observed that the increase of water in the mixture up to 600 ppm causes the reduction of the breakdown voltage, while above 600 ppm the breakdown voltage increases. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the most important positive ion in the mixture is H2O+ for 20–100 ppm of water admixtures and for 100–2000 ppm of admixtures. The most abundant negative charged species is found to be electrons for the range of water admixtures considered in this study. To interpret these results and to get an insight into the discharge evolution, the main reaction pathways of ion production are investigated and analyzed.
Ethical Practices in Journal Publishing: A Study of Library and Information Science Periodicals

This research attempts to delineate ethical boundaries of journal publishing in library and information science, from the perspective of editors. A questionnaire describing twenty-two action scenarios in the form of questions was mailed to editors of thirty-nine journals. The actions focused on ethical behavior of authors; some actions of referees and reviewers were also examined. Thirty-five editors (89.7 percent) returned the questionnaire. Analysis of the answers revealed that 60 percent or more of the editors responded in common to two-thirds of the actions, which were categorized as ethical, unethical, possibly unethical, or not as ethical issues. The editors provided detailed explanations of their choices and identified additional ethical concerns not addressed in the questionnaire.
When you arrive

Each individual residence hall room is limited to 1800 watts usage at any time. No single item can exceed 1000 watts of usage, have an exposed heating element or open flame. Power strips are recommended for both surge and fire protection. Please insure that appliances do not have frayed wiring. If using an electronic device with a lithium battery, please use device according to manufacturer? s instructions, as not doing so can pose a fire hazard.
Dynamic Origin-Destination Travel Demand Estimation Using Location Based Social Networking Data

The Location-based Social Networking (LBSN) data have emerged as new data sources for studying travel demand. This paper investigates the feasibility of using LBSN data to estimate dynamic Origin-Destination (OD) travel demand for general trips. A combined non-parametric cluster and regression model is used to establish the relationship between LBSN data and the trip production and attraction. A modified gravity model based trip distribution method with three friction function variations is proposed to estimate the OD matrix. The proposed methods are calibrated and evaluated against the ground truth OD data from CMAP (Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning). The results demonstrate the promising potential of using LBSN data for dynamic OD estimation.
Sediment transport in gravel-bed rivers

Sampling and Analysis Sediment Supply Large- Scale Sediment Processes Armouring Processes Channel Design Modelling Sediment Transport Tests of Bed Load Equations Mountain Rivers Observations of Bed Load Movement Suspended Load in Gravel-Bed Rivers River Regime Bar and Bed Load Interaction Design Problems, Fisheries and Habitats Gravel Mining.
Fustat and the Urban Growth Pattern in Early Islamic Period

The settle of al-Fustat was built in the year A.D. 642 (After Hijra 21), like in today’s modern real estate; location was already there for a metropolis-building site. Availability of trade routes, urban agglomeration of various trades, cheap materials and goods, proximity to water and seaways and easy access to regional cities made the al-Fustat and the greater al-Qahiria an ideal place for urban exponential growth and which at later times became a model for a mega city. To understand the expansion of al-Fustat is to understand its underlying cultural, religious, and socio-economic phenomena is very critical along with its demographic pattern. It had a complex organic growth which she saw at its earliest time on expansion. Indeed, the effect of early Islamic urbanization had a long lasting effect on the physical and socio-economic discourse of the city.
Observed Variations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Stratocumulus over a Warm Eddy in the Kuroshio Extension

A research vessel sailing across a warm eddy in the Kuroshio Extension on 13 April 2016 captured an abrupt development of stratocumulus under synoptic high pressure. Shipboard observations and results from regional atmospheric model simulations indicate that increased surface heat flux over the ocean eddy lowered surface pressure and thereby accelerated southeasterly winds. The southeasterly winds transported moisture toward the low pressure and enhanced the air–sea interface heat flux, which in turn deepened the low pressure and promoted low-level convergence and rising motion over the warm eddy. The lifting condensation level lowered and the top of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) rose, thereby aiding the development of the stratocumulus. Further experiments showed that 6°C sea surface temperature anomalies associated with the 400-km-diameter warm eddy accounted for 80% of the total ascending motion and 95% of total cloud water mixing ratio in the marine atmospheric boundary layer during the development of stratocumulus. The synthesis of in situ soundings and modeling contributes to understanding of the mechanism by which the MABL and marine stratocumulus respond to ocean eddies.
Design and Analysis of Salmonid Tagging Studies in the Columbia Basin, Volume VIII; New Model for Estimating Survival Probabilities and Residualization from a Release-Recapture Study of Fall Chinook Salmon Smolts in the Snake River, 1995 Technical Report.

Standard release-recapture analysis using Cormack-Jolly-Seber (CJS) models to estimate survival probabilities between hydroelectric facilities for Snake River fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) ignore the possibility of individual fish residualizing and completing their migration in the year following tagging.
Convolutional neural network architecture for digital surface model estimation from single remote sensing image

Abstract. A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture has been proposed for estimating the digital surface model (DSM) from a single airborne or spaceborne image, which is inherently an ambiguous and illposed problem. Deriving the three-dimensional information and reconstructing the geometry of a surface from a monocular image require a deep network that has the ability to extract the local and global characteristics of the surface. In order to address this challenging issue, a deep CNN with residual blocks is employed as a downsampling part of the network, and an upsampling procedure is presented for improving the output accuracy. Moreover, an approach is proposed for connecting the estimated DSM patches and generating a seamless continuous surface. In order to assess the proposed methodologies, scenarios are designed and implemented in various datasets. The final results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed approach, when the training and testing images are selected from remote sensing images, is about 3.5 m. In addition, evaluating the capability of the proposed approach for depth estimation using the terrestrial images of outdoor scenes reports about 4 m for RMSE, which is better than the other methods in the literature and demonstrates the promising performance of the proposed approach.
Survival benefit and safety of the combinations of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab versus the combinations of FOLFIRI ± bevacizumab as first-line treatment for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis

Background The survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) could be improved with exposure to three active drugs, irinotecan, fluorouracil/leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, irrespective of their sequence. However, only 50%–80% of patients can be exposed to all the three drugs in a sequential strategy with two-drug combinations. We carried out this systematic assessment to compare the survival benefit and safety of FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, fluorouracil/leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) ± bevacizumab (with or without bevacizumab) versus FOLFIRI (irinotecan and fluorouracil/leucovorin) ± bevacizumab (with or without bevacizumab) as first-line treatment for unresectable mCRC. Methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched for original articles written in English and published before December 2015. A total of 1,035 patients from three randomized controlled trials were included. Results Our results demonstrated that overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–0.97), progression-free survival (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.59–0.81), and overall response rate (odds ratio, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.28–2.98) were significantly improved in the FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab arm compared to the FOLFIRI ± bevacizumab arm. Significantly higher incidences of neutropenia, anemia, diarrhea, stomatitis, and neuropathy were observed in the FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab arm. Conclusion Current evidence shows that the combination of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab significantly improves the overall survival, progression-free survival, and overall response rate of patients with mCRC, with an increased but manageable toxicity, compared with the combinations of FOLFIRI ± bevacizumab. The combination of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab should be considered as a treatment option for these patients under the premise of reasonable selection of target population.
The Methiini of the West Indies with notes on circum-Caribbean Methia (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae)

The tribe Methiini is revised for the West Indies. Cvanomethia belli (NEW GENUS, NEW SPECIES) is described from St. John, U. S. Virgin Islands. Methia jamaicensis (NEW SPECIES) Jamaica, and M. caymanensis (NEW SPECIES) Cayman Islands, are described. Methia punctata LeConte, M. constricticollis Schaeffer, M. pallida Fisher, M. pulchra Chemsak and Linsley, M. insularum Chemsak, M. impressicollis Chemsak, M. taina Zayas, M. rhizophorae Chemsak and Feller, and Tessaropa luctuosa Zayas are synonymized with Methia necvdalea (Fabricius) (NEW SYNONYMIES). A phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for Styloxus, Coleomethia, Tessaropa. Cyanomethia and the species of Methia found in the Caribbean region. Morphological variation and zoogeography of West Indian Methia are discussed and keys given for the genera and species of Methiini found in the West Indies and circum-Caribbean region. THE METHIINI OF THE WEST INDIES WITH NOTES ON CIRCUM-CARIBBEAN METHIA (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) by Thomas Keith Philips A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana May, 1990