Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic diversity and regionalization of root nodule symbiosis

Aim Here we determine centers of species richness (SR), relative phylogenetic diversity (RPD) and centers of paleo- and neo-endemism, and regionalizations of phylogenetic diversity in the mimosoid clade of the legumes to understand the distribution and environmental associates of mimosoids lacking RNS (root nodule symbiosis). Location Global. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Mimosoid legumes. Methods We built a phylogenetic tree of 1313 species and high-quality species distribution models for 1128 species representing the phylogenetic breadth of the mimosoid clade to identify the geographic distribution of RNS. Centers of significant RPD and endemism were identified using a randomization approach, the latter using CANAPE. Phylogenetic regionalization used a distance-based phylogenetic beta-diversity approach. Results We recognized nine areas of contiguous high SR as distinct SR hotspots. Non-RNS species occur mainly outside hotspots but are closely correlated with high RPD. Absence of RNS was best predicted by high precipitation, and represents multiple independent phylogenetic assemblages in different biogeographic areas. Main conclusions SR hotspots are partly incongruent with centers of RPD and phylogenetic endemism. Lineages lacking RNS are distributed in SR hotspots in Africa and the Americas, belong to biogeographically separate species assemblages, and are, in most cases, associated with relatively moist tropical environments with low temperature seasonality and high available soil nitrogen.
Data Structures and Data Types for Object-Oriented Databases ∗

which may be regarded as a method of the “class” of record values that contain a numeric age field. It is possible both to integrate this form of record polymorphism with the parametric (universal) polymorphism and also to express a number of object-oriented programming paradigms by combining higherorder functions with field selection. Since then a number of alternative schemes [Wan87, Sta88, OB88, JM88, Rem89, HP91] have been developed that include the possibility of type inference and the use of abstract types [OB89]. The extent to which these typing schemes give a satisfactory account of all aspects of object-oriented languages remains an open question, and it may therefore be premature to complicate the picture by introducing database concepts. Nevertheless, if we are to treat databases of any kind (objectoriented or otherwise) properly in typed programming languages there are certain issues that must be resolved, and it is these that we shall briefly investigate in this paper. Unlike the languages associated with the relational data model which have simple and more or less coincident operational and denotational semantics, the authors know of no equivalent formulation of an object-oriented data model. While several papers, e.g. [ABD89] describe certain desiderata of objectoriented databases, a consensus has yet to emerge on a formalism for an object-oriented data model, nor is there yet an adequate explanation of what is fundamentally new about such a model. The issues we discuss in this paper are relevant to object-oriented databases because they are of general concern in languages [Sch77, ABC83, ACO85] that integrate database structures with their type systems, and object-oriented databases surely fall into this category. We shall be mainly concerned with operations on records and some “bulk” data type such as sets. Any database programming language [AB87] must surely be capable of expressing a function such as
The Radius-Luminosity Relationship for Active Galactic Nuclei: The Effect of Host-Galaxy Starlight on Luminosity Measurements

We have obtained high-resolution images of the central regions of 14 reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys High Resolution Camera to account for host-galaxy starlight contamination of measured AGN luminosities. We measure the host-galaxy starlight contribution to the continuum luminosity at 5100 Å through the typical ground-based slit position and geometry used in the reverberation-mapping campaigns. We find that removing the starlight contribution results in a significant correction to the luminosity of each AGN both for lower luminosity sources, as expected, but also for the higher luminosity sources such as the PG quasars. After accounting for the host galaxy starlight, we revisit the well-known broad-line region radius-luminosity relationship for nearby AGNs. We find the power-law slope of the relationship for the Hβ line to be 0.518 ± 0.039, shallower than what was previously reported and consistent with the slope of 0.5 expected from the naive theoretical assumption that all AGNs have, on average, the same ionizing spectrum and the same ionization parameter and gas density in the Hβ line-emitting region.
Nonlinear Target Identification and Tracking Using UKF

In this paper, we implemented target identification algorithm using Dempster Shafer theory (DST) and tracking algorithm using extended Kalman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF). A tracking filter is developed and simulated based on UKF to track nonlinear, ballistic and reentry targets. Comparison of EKF and UKF for nonlinear targets tracking are presented based on the simulation results. Simulated results gives more supporting points to use UKF for nonlinear target tracking rather using EKF.
Prodiction of Walleye Pollock , Theragra Chalcogramma , Landings in Korea by Time Series Analysis : AIC

Forecasts of monthly landings of walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in Korea were carried out by the seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARlMA) model. The Box - Cox transformation on the walleye pollock catch data handles nonstationary variance. The equation of Box - Cox transformation was Y'=(_ 1)/0.31. The model identification was determined by minimum AIC(Akaike Information Criteria). And the seasonal ARlMA model is presented (1- O.583B)(1- )(l- ) =(l- O.912B)(1- O.732)et where: =value at month t ; is a backward shift operator, that is, =-P; and et= error term at month t, which is to forecast 24 months ahead the walleye pollock landings in Korea. Monthly forecasts of the walleye pollock landings for 1993~ 1994, which were compared with the actual landings, had an absolute percentage error(APE) range of 20.2-226.1 %. Thtal observed annual landings in 1993 and 1994 were 16, 61OM/T and 1O, 748M/T respectively, while the model predicted 10, 7 48M/T and 8, 203M/T(APE 37.0% and 23.7%, respectively).
Grid-Aware On-Route Fast-Charging Infrastructure Planning for Battery Electric Bus with Equity Considerations: A Case Study in South King County

The transition from traditional bus fleets to zero-emission ones necessitates the development of effective planning models for battery electric bus (BEB) charging infrastructure. On-route fast charging stations, distinct from on-base charging stations, present unique challenges related to safe operation and power supply capacity, making it difficult to control grid operational costs. This paper establishes a novel framework that integrates the bus route network and power network, which leverages the inter-dependency between both networks to optimize the planning outcomes of on-route BEB charging stations in South King County. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer second-order cone programming model, aiming to minimize the overall planning cost, which includes investments in charging equipment, power facility, and grid operation. Furthermore, fairness measurements are incorporated into the planning process, allowing for the consideration of both horizontal transit equity and vertical transit equity based on different zone merging criteria within the county's existing census tracts. The results of this planning model offer valuable insights into achieving both economic efficiency and social justice in the design of on-route charging facilities for BEBs in South King County.
Navigating the Feedback Loop in Recommender Systems: Insights and Strategies from Industry Practice

Understanding and measuring the impact of feedback loops in industrial recommender systems is challenging, leading to the underestimation of their deterioration. In this study, we define open and closed feedback loops and investigate the unique reasons behind the emergence of feedback loops in the industry, drawing from real-world examples that have received limited attention in prior research. We highlight the measurement challenges associated with capturing the full impact of feedback loops using traditional online A/B tests. To address this, we propose the use of offline evaluation frameworks as surrogates for long-term feedback loop bias, supported by a practical simulation system using real data. Our findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of recommender systems operating under feedback loop conditions.
Deep-Tow Acoustics/Geophysics System Compressional Velocity Database

Abstract : This technical note describes the Deep-Tow Acoustics/Geophysics System (DTAGS) compressional velocity database, a compilation of compressional velocity functions derived from DTAGS deep-tow multichannel seismic data. Three geologically distinct areas are represented by the velocity functions included in this database: thick turbidites on the Bermuda Rise, fine grained terrigenous sediments containing methane hydrate on the Blake Outer Ridge, and thin sediments overlying young basement near the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Horizontal sampling frequency of the database ranges from 45 to 230 m. Vertical sampling frequency ranges from 20 to 300 m. These compressional velocity profiles, functions of geographic region, layer thickness and range along the ship track, were determined from the DTAGS multichannel seismic data using standard semblance velocity analysis procedures. The six ASCII files containing compressional velocity data are included on an MS-DOS 3-1/2 diskette which may be order from the authors using the form included with this technical note. Included on the disk with the data files are two test files containing a description of the data file format and a list of locations where the data were collected.
WebDASC : a web-based dietary assessment software for 8 – 11-year-old Danish children

Children’s lifestyle and behaviour have increasingly become a focus of research subsequent to obesity and other life-style related diseases beginning in childhood (Koplan et al., 2005). The OPUS Centre was established in 2009 to advance public health and to promote prevention among children. OPUS promoted the concept of the New Nordic Diet, which draws on sustainable food items such as whole grains, berries, herbs and plants that are native to the Nordic region (Meyer et al., 2010). These principles will be applied to the school lunch menus of selected public schools in a Danish school meal study. Valid and reliable dietary assessment methods are critical for identifying the impact of children’s dietary habits on their health and weight status. To be sensitive to dietary changes resulting from school interventions, dietary intake must be measured with a relatively high level of detail and using repeated measures. A dietary assessment method should be able to identify the type of foods consumed; weekday versus weekend patterns of consumption,
The Impact of a Community of Practice Scholarship Program on Students’ Computing Identity

While computing programs in the U.S. are experiencing growth in enrollment trends, they are still grappling with matters related to retention and persistence of computing undergraduates. One construct identified by scholars as having an impact on persistence in computing is computing identity which is shaped by constructs such as recognition, performance/competence beliefs, sense of belonging, and interest. Likewise, participation in what scholars call communities of practice (CoP) can aid in the development of their computing identity. To help foster computing identity development, an initiative was designed at three large public universities named Flit-Path (Florida IT Pathways to Success). Flit-Path was established using the principles inherent to communities of practice with the goal of recruiting and retaining computing students. The Flit-Path program leveraged curricular and co-curricular support to engage academically talented students with financial need in computing disciplines (e.g., computer engineering, computer science, and information technology) as well as provided financial assistance via scholarships. The guiding research question for this study was - What is the impact of a computing community of practice (the Flit-Path program) on students’ computing identity, specifically the constructs of recognition, performance/competence, sense of belonging, and interest? In order to address this question, a validated survey instrument was used to compare 64 computing students who enrolled in the Flit-Path program with students from the same universities with matched years in college, computing GPA, race/ ethnicity, gender, home/ environment support, and work hours outside the home. For comparing the two groups, the research team used multivariate matching methods in R. The results of the study revealed students in the Flit-Path program demonstrated substantially higher computing identities. Students who participated in the Flit-Path program experienced higher recognition, performance/competence, and sense of belonging in the computing field than their non-Flit-Path counterparts. There was also a borderline positive effect for interest. Together, the results indicate that well-designed CoP interventions in computing programs can have a significant effect on students’ identification with computing and ultimately their persistence.
Coverage Goal Selector for Combining Multiple Criteria in Search-Based Unit Test Generation

Unit testing is critical to the software development process, ensuring the correctness of basic programming units in a program (e.g., a method). Search-based software testing (SBST) is an automated approach to generating test cases. SBST generates test cases with genetic algorithms by specifying the coverage criterion (e.g., branch coverage). However, a good test suite must have different properties, which cannot be captured using an individual coverage criterion. Therefore, the state-of-the-art approach combines multiple criteria to generate test cases. Since combining multiple coverage criteria brings multiple objectives for optimization, it hurts the test suites' coverage for certain criteria compared with using the single criterion. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel approach named \textbf{smart selection}. Based on the coverage correlations among criteria and the subsumption relationships among coverage goals, smart selection selects a subset of coverage goals to reduce the number of optimization objectives and avoid missing any properties of all criteria. We conduct experiments to evaluate smart selection on $400$ Java classes with three state-of-the-art genetic algorithms under the $2$-minute budget. On average, smart selection outperforms combining all goals on $65.1\%$ of the classes having significant differences between the two approaches. Secondly, we conduct experiments to verify our assumptions about coverage criteria relationships. Furthermore, we assess the coverage performance of smart selection under varying budgets of $5$, $8$, and $10$ minutes and explore its effect on bug detection, confirming the advantage of smart selection over combining all goals.
Single‐leg drop landing motor control strategies following acute ankle sprain injury

No research currently exists investigating the effect of acute injury on single‐limb landing strategies. The aim of the current study was to analyze the coordination strategies of participants in the acute phase of lateral ankle sprain (LAS) injury. Thirty‐seven participants with acute, first‐time LAS and 19 uninjured participants completed a single‐leg drop landing task on both limbs. Three‐dimensional kinematic (angular displacement) and sagittal plane kinetic (moment‐of‐force) data were acquired for the joints of the lower extremity from 200 ms pre‐initial contact (IC) to 200 ms post‐IC. The peak magnitude of the vertical component of the ground reaction force (GRF) was also computed. Injured participants displayed a bilateral increase in hip flexion, with altered transverse plane kinematic profiles at the knee and ankle for both limbs (P < 0.05). This coincided with a reduction in the net‐supporting flexor moment of the lower extremity (P < 0.05) and magnitude of the peak vertical GRF for the injured limb (21.82 ± 2.44 N/kg vs 24.09 ± 2.77 N/kg; P = 0.013) in injured participants compared to control participants. These results demonstrate that compensatory movement strategies are utilized by participants with acute LAS to successfully reduce the impact forces of landing.
Accurate Color Demosaicing inspired by the Human Visual System

There is an analogy between one-chip CCD cameras and the human visual system in that these two systems acquire only one wavelength sensitivity band per spatial location. We have exploited this analogy, defining a model that characterizes a one-color per spatial position image as a coding into luminance and chrominance of the corresponding three-colors per spatial position image. Luminance is defined with full spatial resolution while chrominance contains sub-sampled opponent colors. Moreover, luminance and chrominance follow a particular arrangement in the Fourier domain, allowing for demosaicing by spatial frequency filtering. This model shows that visual artifacts after demosaicing are due to aliasing between luminance and chrominance and can be solved using a pre-processing filter. This approach gives new insights for the representation of one-color per spatial location images and enables formal and controllable procedures to design cameras with aliasing-free properties. The demosaicing algorithm we propose based on this model also performs well compared to concurrent approaches, as demonstrated by experiments.
University of Southern Denmark Simulation Methods for Multiperiodic and Aperiodic Nanostructured Dielectric Waveguides

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A Randomized Controlled, Multicenter Trial Comparing a Brief Intervention With Additional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Seal Oil, and Soy Oil for Sick-Listed Low Back Pain Patients

back pain (LBP). CBT is recommended for LBP, but evidence on Study Design. A randomized controlled trial. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a tailored and manualized cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or nutritional supplements of seal oil and soy oil had any additional benefits over a brief cognitive intervention (BI) on return to work (RTW). Summary of Background Data. Brief intervention programs are clinically beneficial and cost-effective for patients with low
Refactoring Object-Oriented Frameworks

This thesis defines a set of program restructuring operations (refactorings) that support the design, evolution and reuse of object-oriented application frameworks. The focus of the thesis is on automating the refactorings in a way that preserves the behavior of a program. The refactorings are defined to be behavior preserving, provided that their preconditions are met. Most of the refactorings are simple to implement and it is almost trivial to show that they are behavior preserving. However, for a few refactorings, one or more of their preconditions are in general undecidable. Fortunately, for some cases it can be determined whether these refactorings can be applied safely. Three of the most complex refactorings are defined in detail: generalizing the inheritance hierarchy, specializing the inheritance hierarchy and using aggregations to model the relationships among classes. These operations are decomposed into more primitive parts, and the power of these operations is discussed from the perspectives of automatability and usefulness in supporting design. Two design constraints needed in refactoring are class invariants and exclusive components. These constraints are needed to ensure that behavior is preserved across some refactorings. This thesis gives some conservative algorithms for determining whether a program satisfies these constraints, and describes how to use this design information to refactor a program.
Energy Efficient Support for All Levels of Parallelism for Complex Media Applications

Real-time complex media applications are becoming increasingly common on general-purpose systems such as desktop, laptop, and handheld computers. However, real-time execution of such complex media applications needs a considerable amount of processing power that often surpasses the capabilities of current superscalar processors. Further, high performance processors are often constrained by power and energy consumption, especially in the mobile systems where media applications have become popular. The objective of this dissertation is to develop general-purpose processors that can meet the performance demands of future media applications in an energy-efficient way, while also continuing to work well on other common workloads for desktop, laptop, and handheld systems. Fortunately, most media applications have a lot of parallelism that can be exploited for energyefficient high-performance designs. Media applications exhibit multiple types of parallelism: threadlevel parallelism (TLP), data-level parallelism (DLP), and instruction-level parallelism (ILP). In this work, we investigate exploiting all these three forms of parallelism to provide both high performance and energy efficiency. This dissertation makes three broad contributions. First, we analyze the parallelism in complex media applications and make the case that contemporary media applications require efficient support for multiple types of parallelism, including ILP, TLP, and various forms of data-level parallelism such as sub-word SIMD, short vectors, and streams. Second, to find the most energy efficient way of exploiting TLP, we perform a comparison between chip multi-processing (CMP) and simultaneous multi-threading (SMT). We perform this comparison for a large number of performance points derived using different processor architectures and frequencies/voltages. From this study, we find that, at equal performance, CMP is more energy efficient than SMT, especially when supporting four or more threads. We also find that the best