Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing High Radix Quotient Digit Selection Tables for SRT Division and Square Root

High radix SRT division plays an important role in contemporary microprocessors as the quotient digit selection tables effectively reduce the computation complexity of the quotient digits. The quotient digit selection table is constructed according to the rounded lower and upper bounds of the overlapping regions in the traditional method. The table construction process lacks in mathematical rigor and consequently is susceptible to error. This paper proposes an algebraic method for computing the quotient digit selection tables. We characterize the quotient digit selection functions to construct quotient digit selection tables required for SRT division and SRT square root with any valid redundancy. The functions include the maximum and minimum legal quotient digit selections. We compute the truncations of the remainder <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-3235978.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and divisor <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-3235978.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> when <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d \in [1,2)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-3235978.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. We implement procedures to compute quotient digit selection tables by our functions. The computation of the quotient digit selection table for the case radix-4 with the quotient digit set <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$[-2,2]$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>]</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq4-3235978.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is presented by using the minimum quotient digit selection function. Our functions can compute quotient digit selection tables in the design phase of SRT division and square root by given radix and redundancy.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ITERATIVE PHASE-RETRIEVAL STAGNATION PROBLEM : TERRITORIES OF CONVERGENCE OBJECTS AND HOLES IN THEIR BOUNDARIES

This study sheds new light on the stagnation problem troubling the iterative Fourier transform algorithm used for phase retrieval. This is implemented by the introduction of two concepts, the territory and the hole, which exist in a relationship in the sense that the creation and the annihilation of a hole results in the annihilation and the creation of a corresponding territory. These concepts are brought about in the parameter space formed by the set of objects satisfying the object-domain constraints by means of topographical investigations of the minimization process by use of the error-reduction algorithm, paying particular attention to the cases of 2×2 and 3×2 objects with L-shaped supports. The effect of noise contained in the Fourier modulus on the stagnation phenomena is also clarified by use of these concepts.
Inner amenable semigroups I

$\mu$ on $m(S)$ such that for all $f\in m(S),$ $\inf\{f(s):s\in S\}\leqq\mu(f)\leqq\sup\{f(s):s\in S\}$ . An equivalent formulation is that $||\mu||=\mu(1)=1$ , where 1 denotes the constant function on $S$ with value 1. A mean $\mu$ on $m(S)$ is said to be a left [respectively, right] invanant mean if $\mu(l_{s}f)$ [respectively, $\mu(r_{s}f)$] $=\mu(f)$ for all $s\in S$ and $f\in m(S)$ , where $l_{s}f$ and $r_{s}f$ are defined on $S$ by $(l_{s}f)(t)=f(st)$ and $(r_{s}f)(t)$
Sidelobe Suppression Techniques for Near-Field Multistatic SAR

Multirotor Unmanned Air Systems (UAS) represent a significant improvement in capability for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging when compared to traditional, fixed-wing, platforms. In particular, a swarm of UAS can generate significant measurement diversity through variation of spatial and frequency collections across an array of sensors. In such imaging schemes, the image formation step is challenging due to strong extended sidelobe; however, were this to be effectively managed, a dramatic increase in image quality is theoretically possible. Since 2015, QinetiQ have developed the RIBI system, which uses multiple UAS to perform short-range multistatic collections, and this requires novel near-field processing to mitigate the high sidelobes observed and form actionable imagery. This paper applies a number of algorithms to assess image reconstruction of simulated near-field multistatic SAR with an aim to suppress sidelobes observed in the RIBI system, investigating techniques including traditional SAR processing, regularised linear regression, compressive sensing. In these simulations presented, Elastic net, Orthogonal Matched Pursuit, and Iterative Hard Thresholding all show the ability to suppress sidelobes while preserving accuracy of scatterer RCS. This has also lead to a novel processing approach for reconstructing SAR images based on the observed Elastic net and Iterative Hard Thresholding performance, mitigating weaknesses to generate an improved combined approach. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the algorithms are discussed, as well as their application to more complex real-world imagery.
Experimental Investigation of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Tangential and Normal E-Field Components along the Stress Grading System of a Real Stator Bar

This paper presents results based on direct experimental measurements of tangential (Et) and normal (En) E-field components along the stress grading system (SGS) of a real stator bar (Roebel type) for different AC 60 Hz applied voltages. These measurements were made with a new electro-optic system allowing for the study of both spatial distributions of two E-field components along the bar and their temporal evolution at critical points. The results obtained allowed us to calculate the correlation between the distribution of En and Et along the SGS. In particular, it was demonstrated that the En distribution presents a characteristic minimum, which can be used to identify the zone of partial discharge inception. Moreover, it was possible to observe an enlargement of the Et component distribution followed by a saturation in magnitude with the applied voltage increase. Moreover, the results have demonstrated that the waveform of the En component is mostly affected by the SG material used, producing a greater distortion in its waveform than those obtained for the Et component. The more significant distortion was obtained at the end of the outer corona protection (OCP) material, corresponding to the first maximum of the En component and characterized by the appearance of a third harmonic of large amplitude.
Sensor R&D for the CMS outer tracker upgrade for the HL-LHC

At an instantaneous luminosity of 5 × 1034 cm−2s−1, the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver a total of 3000 fb−1 of collisions, hereby increasing the discovery potential of the LHC experiments significantly. However, the radiation environment of the tracking system will be severe, requiring new radiation hard sensors for the CMS tracker. The CMS tracker collaboration has almost completed a large material investigation and irradiation campaign to identify the silicon material and design that fulfills all requirements of a new tracking detector at HL-LHC. Focusing on the upgrade of the outer tracker region, pad diodes as well as fully functional strip sensors have been implemented on silicon wafers with different material properties and thicknesses. The samples were irradiated with a mixture of neutrons and protons corresponding to fluences as expected for various positions in the future tracker. The measurements performed on the structures include electrical sensor characterization, measurements of the collected charge and bulk defect characterization. In this paper, the performance and limitations of the different materials are presented.
BattleSound: A Game Sound Benchmark for the Sound-Specific Feedback Generation in a Battle Game

A haptic sensor coupled to a gamepad or headset is frequently used to enhance the sense of immersion for game players. However, providing haptic feedback for appropriate sound effects involves specialized audio engineering techniques to identify target sounds that vary according to the game. We propose a deep learning-based method for sound event detection (SED) to determine the optimal timing of haptic feedback in extremely noisy environments. To accomplish this, we introduce the BattleSound dataset, which contains a large volume of game sound recordings of game effects and other distracting sounds, including voice chats from a PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds (PUBG) game. Given the highly noisy and distracting nature of war-game environments, we set the annotation interval to 0.5 s, which is significantly shorter than the existing benchmarks for SED, to increase the likelihood that the annotated label contains sound from a single source. As a baseline, we adopt mobile-sized deep learning models to perform two tasks: weapon sound event detection (WSED) and voice chat activity detection (VCAD). The accuracy of the models trained on BattleSound was greater than 90% for both tasks; thus, BattleSound enables real-time game sound recognition in noisy environments via deep learning. In addition, we demonstrated that performance degraded significantly when the annotation interval was greater than 0.5 s, indicating that the BattleSound with short annotation intervals is advantageous for SED applications that demand real-time inferences.
Diffraction-limited spectropolarimeter: Phase I

A diffraction limited spectro-polarimeter is under construction at the National Solar Observatory in collaboration with the High Altitude Observatory. The scientific objective of the project is to measure the magnetic fields on the Sun up to the diffraction limit of the Dunn Solar Telescope. The same instrument would also measure the magnetic field of large sunspots or sunspot groups with reasonable spatial resolution. This requires a flexible image scale which cannot be obtained with the current Advanced Stokes Polarimeter (ASP) without loosing 50% of the light. The new spectro-polarimeter is designed in such a way that the image scale can be changed without loosing much light. It can work either in high-spatial resolution mode (0.09 arcsec per pixel) with a small field of view (FOV: 65 arcsec) or in large FOV mode (163 arcsec) with low-spatial resolution (0.25 arcsec per pixel). The phase-I of this project is to design and build the spectrograph with flexible image scale. Using the existing modulation, calibration optics of the ASP and the ASP control and data acquisition system with ASP-CHILL camera, the spectrograph was tested for its performance. This paper will concentrate on the performance of the spectrograph and will discuss some preliminary results obtained with the test runs.
The Linkage of Serial Cyclone Clustering in Western Europe and Weather Regimes in the North Atlantic‐European Region in Boreal Winter

Extra‐tropical cyclones are an important source of weather variability in the mid‐latitudes. Multiple occurrences in a short period of time at a particular location are denominated serial cyclone clustering (SCC), and potentially lead to large societal impacts. We investigate the relationship between SCC affecting Western Europe and large‐scale weather regimes (WRs) in the North Atlantic‐European region in boreal winter. We find that SCC in low latitudes (45°N) is predominantly associated with the anticyclonic Greenland Blocking WR. In contrast, SCC in mid and high latitudes (55°N, 65°N) is mostly linked to different cyclonic WRs. Thereby, SCC occurs typically within a well‐established WR that builds up prior to SCC and decays after SCC. Thus, SCC events are closely associated with recurrent, quasi‐stationary and persistent large‐scale flow patterns (WRs). This mutual relationship reveals the potential of WRs in forecasting storm series and associated impacts on sub‐seasonal to seasonal time scales.
Thermal Infrared Images of the Remarkable Young Nearby Multiple Star HD 98800

We present thermal infrared images of the unusual multiple stellar system HD 98800, which contains two double-star systems (A and B) separated by ≈0. ″8 in the north/south direction. This system may have formed in a recent burst of star formation in a very low mass cloud in the local solar neighborhood. Our images resolve the A and B components. Both A and B emit roughly equal fluxes at 4.71 μm, where radiation is primarily photospheric. The northern component (B) is about 3.7 times brighter than the southern component (A) at 9.78 μm where the radiation is due to thermal emission from dust, showing that 78% of the circumstellar dust in the system resides around component B. The two primary components are nearly identical K5 V pre-main-sequence stars, both with very significant amounts of dust emission. The dust system around the B component may have size, temperature, and possible structure analogous to those of a primitive zodiacal cloud.
Assessing factors influencing students’ perceptions towards animal species conservation

Background The way humans perceive and interact with non-human animals is particular to each person, from antipathetic interactions evidenced by fear, aversion or repulsion, to empathy evidenced by feelings of affection, enchantment and interest in the animal. In this sense, herein we investigated the perception of university students about species belonging to different classes of wild vertebrates and the influence of social and educational factors on that. Methods Data were obtained through online forms answered by 700 university students from nine Brazilian states, 328 females and 372 males, aged between 18 and 65 years. The form had eight sentences to be answered in relation to 17 species of wild vertebrates. The agreement level for each of these sentences was to be indicated using a five-point Likert scale. The sentences were designed to assess aesthetic, risk, utilitarian, and preservation perceptions attributed to each species by students. Results We found that species perceived as useful by the students are generally also perceived as beautiful and as those that should be preserved. On the other hand, we found similarity between the species perceived as ugly and those that should not be preserved; and between the species perceived as harmful and those considered dangerous. Female and lower-income students more often agree that animals are harmful. We found that perceptions of danger in relation to animals were predominantly associated with younger respondents. However, this did not lead to less support for conservation among these students, as students of all age groups agree that species should be preserved. Our results show that students’ knowledge area was an important predictor associated with empathetic and antipathetic perceptions. Environmental area students showed greater empathy in all analyzed categories (beauty, usefulness, harmlessness, and preservation) than non-environmental areas students. On the other hand, students from the area of the exact sciences showed greater dislike in all analyzed categories than students from other areas. We found a strong relationship between the areas “Environmental” and “Humanities, Languages and Arts” for the attitudinal factors associated with utility and preservation, suggesting a similar empathetic worldview for students in these areas. Conclusions We found that the perception directed towards wild vertebrates varies according to the gender, age, income and study area of the students, in addition to the taxon considered. Finally, our results indicate that negative perceptions should be taken into account in environmental education efforts, educational policies and in planning fauna conservation plans which should incorporate the most diverse audiences, and not only encompass charismatic species but extend to animals that arouse great aversion from the part of people.
Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients: A Single Comprehensive Stroke Center Study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk for thromboembolic events, such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a therapy of choice in early diagnosed AIS; however, its success and outcomes in COVID-19 patients are contradictory. This study presented our experience with MT performed in COVID-19 patients compared to a control group. The retrospective analysis included patients with AIS who underwent MT from April 2021 to April 2022 at our institution. There were 13 COVID-19-related patients (with active or past COVID-19 infection) and 55 non-COVID-19 patients (negative COVID-19 status). We analyzed patients’ baseline clinical and laboratory data, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) scale, used 24 h follow-up CT findings, and modified the Rankin scale. The COVID-19 group had higher values of leukocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil/leukocyte ratios, ASL, ALT, LDH and CRP, and lower values of lymphocytes compared to the control group. The AIS mostly occurred in posterior circulation in the COVID-19 group, while anterior circulation was more affected in the control group. Treatment approach and successful reperfusion did not differ between groups. In conclusion, although differences in some clinical and laboratory parameters between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups were found, the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy were equal.
On the sensitivity of a time-optimal switching function

The feedback control which achieves minimum-time transition to the state origin for nonoscillatory second-order plants with scalar saturable input involves a function of state raised to a power α which corresponds to the ratio of the plant eigenvalues. The feedback system is found to be acutely sensitive to variations in the parameter α, viz., the state origin cannot be reached in finite time under arbitrarily small α-perturbations.
Is the kinematically distinct core in NGC 5982 necessarily the remnant of an accreted companion

NGC 5982 is an elliptical galaxy with a 'kinematically distinct core' whose projected rotation axis is about 90 deg away from that of the galaxy's outer parts. Distinct cores in other ellipticals have been attributed to dynamically distinct subsystems that are the remnants of accreted companions. Here, a model for NGC 5982 is presented in which the kinematic twist in the core results simply from the projection of the major families of circulating orbits in a triaxial potential. Orbits in the model are populated smoothly, and the core is not a dynamical subsystem. The model predicts a complicated overall velocity field for the galaxy, with particularly low velocity amplitudes (15 km/s or less) along a direction 150 deg counterclockwise from the major axis, a direction not yet observed spectroscopically.
Measuring the Extensional Rheology of Polymer Melts

A necessary prerequisite of the scientific design of polymer processing operations is a fundamental understanding of the rheology of melts. In fiber spinning the dominant rheological response has simple extensional geometry and we require information about viscosity, elasticity, and fracture during such flows. Industry needs both absolute quantitative information and also inexpensive qualitative tests for multiple samples. Experimentation demands the greatest quantity of accurate information at minimum cost, and this philosophy underlies a critical revue of approaches to measuring the rheology of polymer melts under tension. The decisive techniques so far developed lack versatility and are not suitable for multiple testing. The continuous drawing of a monofilament, or laboratory spinning, is an excellent qualitative approach but sufficient experimental control has yet to be attained. Two indirect routes, through normal stresses to a “normal” viscosity and by steady shear/dynamic rheometry correlation to a.
Quantum size effects on photoluminescence in ultrafine Si particles

Visible photoluminescence was observed in ultrafine Si particles at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Si microcrystallites were embedded in a Si oxide matrix for the sample which emitted the light. The emission energy depended on crystallite size in the range from 2.8 to 5 nm. The inverse relation between emission energy and the square of the crystallite size indicates that carrier confinement in the Si microcrystallites causes this photoluminescence phenomenon.
Non-Harmonic Analysis Applied to Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

A new processing technique called non-harmonic analysis (NHA) is proposed for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Conventional Fourier-domain OCT employs the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), which depends on the window function and length. The axial resolution of the OCT image, calculated by using DFT, is inversely proportional to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the wavelength range. The FWHM of wavelength range is limited by the sweeping range of the source in swept-source OCT and it is limited by the number of CCD pixels in spectral-domain OCT. However, the NHA process does not have such constraints; NHA can resolve high frequencies irrespective of the window function and the frame length of the sampled data. In this study, the NHA process is described and it is applied to OCT imaging. It is compared with OCT images based on the DFT. To demonstrate the benefits of using NHA for OCT, we perform OCT imaging with NHA of an onion skin. The results reveal that NHA can achieve an image resolution equivalent that of a 100-nm sweep range using a significantly reduced wavelength range. They also reveal the potential of using this technique to achieve high-resolution imaging without using a broadband source. However, the long calculation times required for NHA must be addressed if it is to be used in clinical applications.
Canonical quantization of supergravity

The canonical quantization of supergravity is developed, starting from the Hamiltonian treatment of classical supergravity. Quantum states may be represented by wave functionals f(e/sup A/A' /sub i/(x),psi /sup A/ /sub i/(x)) of the spatial spinor-valued tetrad forms e/sup A/A' /sub i/ and of the right-handed spatial part psi /sup A/ /sub i/ of the spin-(3/2) field, or equivalently by functionals f(e/sup A/A' /sub i/(x),psi-bar /sup A/' /sub i/(x)) of e/sup A/A' /sub i/ and the left-handed part psi-bar /sup A/' /sub i/. In the first representation the momentum p/sub A/A' /sup i/ classically conjugate to e/sup A/A' /sub i/, together with psi-bar /sup A/' /sub i/, can be represented by functional differential operators such that the correct (anti) commutation relations hold; similarly for p/sub A/A' /sup i/,psi /sup A/ /sub i/ in the second representation. A formal inner product can be found in which p/sub A/A' /sup i/ is Hermitian and psi /sup A/ /sub i/,psi-bar /sup A/' /sub i/ are Hermitian adjoints.