Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traditional literature review: investigation of rhodamine b on street foods and sauce products in Indonesia

Food is one of the most important basic human needs for growth and development. Generally, the types of food cater to tastes and look attractive. To make it look attractive and have good taste is usually added with food additives. The food products with the most coloring added are street foods, red sauces, and rainbow cakes that children love. Rhodamine B is a prohibited coloring agent and is not present in food because, for a long time, it will cause liver damage, tumors, and cancer. Therefore, an article review was conducted to determine the levels and methods that can be used to analyze Rhodamine B from several research journals that have been conducted. The literature review method uses the following keywords or terms and strategies: "analysis" AND "rhodamine B" AND "food" OR "chili sauce" for searches on PubMed and Science Direct, while Google Scholar uses the keywords "Analysis, Rhodamine B, makanan, Sauce. " And the inclusion criteria used were: (1) research articles in the form of journals published in the last ten years (2010-2020), using both English and Indonesian, full text; (2) Articles that discuss the analysis of Rhodamine B in snack foods and sauces located in Indonesia; (3) proved to be positive for Rhodamine B. The results of the reviewed articles showed that there was still Rhodamine B content in snack foods and sauces used by traders. The analytical methods used for identification were TLC, color detection with wool yarn, Rhodamine B Rapit-test Kit, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and Gravimetry. The highest levels of Rhodamine B were found at 194 ppm in tomato sauce. The review of articles that have been conducted shows that there is still Rhodamine B found in snack foods and sauces by traders, which can be harmful to health in the long and short term.
Second-Child Fertility Intentions among Urban Women in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

With the adjustment of China’s fertility policy, the topic of women’s fertility has attracted much attention. In particular, urban women face a difficult choice between family and work. This study analyzed the prevalence and determinants of second-child fertility intention among urban women in China and aimed to provide evidence for improving fertility rate measures. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using quantitative primary studies. We identified 16 cross-sectional studies that investigated a total of 24,979 urban women. The prevalence of second-child fertility intentions was 37%. A subgroup analysis revealed that the highest prevalence was observed between 2016 and 2017, and the lowest was observed in first-tier cities. Meta-analyses indicated that 18 factors were significantly associated with second-child fertility intentions, including demographic factors, fertility attitude, husbands, children, parents, or others. The findings of this study highlight the low second-child fertility intentions among urban women in China. Therefore, policymakers should consider various aspects, gradually optimizing fertility-supporting facilities, while encouraging fertility.
Spatial spice model of a wireless sensor network node based on a thermoelectric generator

This paper presents a spatial SPICE model of a wireless sensor network node that enables simulation of performances in the steady-state and time-domain. The model includes constructive non-electrical parts of the node and a thermoelectric generator employing the thermoelectric effects. The simulation results are compared with the experiment to validate the model. It enabled the characterization of WSN nodes comprising different thermoelectric generators and heatsinks in terms of energy conversion efficiency.
Load Frequency Control in Two-Area Multi-Source Power System Using Bald Eagle-Sparrow Search Optimization Tuned PID Controller

For power system engineers, automated load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area power networks has proven a difficult problem. With the addition of numerous power generation sources, the complexity of these duties becomes even more difficult. The dynamic nature of linked power networks with varied generating sources, such as gas, thermal, and hydropower plants, is compared in this research. For the study to be more accurate, frequency and tie-line power measurements are used. For precise tuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains, the Bald Eagle Sparrow search optimization (BESSO) technique was used. The BESSO algorithm was created by combining the characteristics of sparrows and bald eagles. The performance of BESSO is determined by comparing its findings to those acquired using traditional approaches. In terms of Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), which is the most important criterion used to reduce system error, the findings presented in this study indicate the effectiveness of the BESSO-PID controller. Finally, sensitivity analysis and stability analysis proved the robustness of the developed controller. The settling times associated with the tie-line power flow, frequency variation in area-1, and frequency variation in area-2, respectively, were 10.4767 s, 8.5572 s, and 11.4364 s, which were all less than the traditional approaches. As a result, the suggested method outperformed the other strategies.
Long-distance propagation of periodic patterns in weakly nonlinear Kerr medium

We investigate the propagation of periodic patterns in one and two dimensions for weak Kerr-type nonlinearity. Nonlinear amplitudes are introduced, which are related to the Fourier harmonics of a wave by polynomials of third and fifth degree. These amplitudes evolve in a particularly simple way and permit easy reconstruction of waveform after propagation. For the one-dimensional case, solutions are quasiperiodic, and solitonlike structures can be identified. For the two-dimensional case, recurrent and chaotic regimes exist depending on lattice type.
An Efficient Approach for Solving the HVDC ion Flow Field Problem Using the PDE Constrained Optimization Scheme

In order to have a better performance for solving the ion flow field problem, an efficient numerical approach is proposed. The over specified boundary condition introduced by the Kapzov hypothesis is a leading cause of the performance issue in the study of ion flow field. The inversion algorithm to recover the ion density on the conductor surfaces provides a fresh perspective on solving the ion flow field problem. However, the great computational burden of generating the sensitivity matrix limits the application of the inversion algorithm in the practical problems. In this article, the boundary value problem with over specified boundary condition is formulated into a constrained optimization problem and the all-at-once scheme is utilized to minimized the residual of the partial differential equation (PDE) constraints and the objective function. Numerical experiments show that the PDE constrained optimization based algorithm preserves the accuracy of the inversion algorithm at less than 10% computational cost. As an improvement of the inversion algorithm, the new approach presents an efficient way to handle the ion flow field problem under the variety of complicated scenes.
Safe and Adaptive 3-D Locomotion via Constrained Task-Space Imitation Learning

Bipedal locomotion has been widely studied in recent years, where passive safety (i.e., a biped rapidly brakes without falling) is deemed to be a pivotal problem. To realize safe 3-D walking, existing works resort to nonlinear optimization techniques based on simplified dynamics models, requiring hand-tuned reference trajectories. In this article, we propose to integrate safety constraints into constrained task-space imitation learning, endowing a humanoid robot with adaptive walking capability. Specifically, unlike previous work using nonlinear and coupled capturability dynamics, we first linearize the 3-D capture conditions using appropriate extreme values and then seamlessly incorporate them into constrained imitation learning. Furthermore, we propose novel heuristic rules to define control points, enabling adaptive locomotion learning. The resulting framework allows robots to learn locomotion skills from a few demonstrations efficiently and apply the learned skills to unseen 3-D scenarios while satisfying the constraints for passive safety. Unlike deep enforcement learning, our framework avoids the need of a large number of iterations or sim-to-real transfer. By virtue of the task-space adaptability, the proposed imitation learning framework can reuse collected demonstrations in a new robot platform. We validate our method by hardware experiments on Walker2 robot and simulations on COMAN robot.
COMPARISON OF MODELS FOR RAMAN SPECTRA OF SI NANOCRYSTALS

Within the framework of a partial-density approach, the confinement of vibrations in spherical Si nanocrystals is studied and the Raman frequency shifts of Si spheres with different sizes are derived based on the Raman spectra obtained by a bond-polarizability model. The results obtained by the bond-polarizability model are compared with those by the phenomenological model developed by Richter et al. [Solid State Commun. 39, 625 (1981)].
Terms of Trade Effects of Productivity Shocks and Economic Development

This paper studies the terms of trade effects from unexpected economy-specific productivity increases in both developing and advanced economies using a panel vector autoregression model with interactive fixed effects and the “max-share” approach developed by Francis et al. (2014). First, we find that the terms of trade of developing economies do not deteriorate after unexpected productivity increases and display similar dynamics to those of advanced economies. Second, studying these shocks in a more detailed classification of developing economies shows that the terms of trade worsen following an unexpected productivity increase in the least developed economies, implying that economic underdevelopment can result in unexpected productivity increases causing a deterioration in the terms of trade. However, this adverse effect of productivity increases disappears in the developing economies with some success in moving up the ladder of economic development, as implied by our finding that the terms of trade of these economies improve after an unexpected productivity increase.
Optimizing AoI in UAV-RIS-Assisted IoT Networks: Off Policy Versus On Policy

In urban environments, tall buildings or structures can pose limits on the direct channel link between a base station (BS) and an Internet of Thing device (IoTD) for wireless communication. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a mounted reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), denoted as UAV-RIS, have been introduced in recent works to enhance the system throughput capacity by acting as a relay node between the BS and the IoTDs in wireless access networks. Uncoordinated UAVs or RIS phase shift elements will make unnecessary adjustments that can significantly impact the signal transmission to IoTDs in the area. The concept of Age of Information (AoI) is proposed in wireless network research to categorize the freshness of the received update message. To minimize the Average Sum of AoI (ASoA) in the network, two model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approaches—Off-Policy deep Q-network (DQN) and On-Policy proximal policy optimization (PPO)—are developed to solve the problem by jointly optimizing the RIS phase shift, the location of the UAV-RIS, and the IoTD transmission scheduling for large-scale Internet of Things wireless networks. Analysis of loss functions and extensive simulations is performed to compare the stability and convergence performance of the two algorithms. The results reveal the superiority of the On-Policy approach, PPO, over the Off-Policy approach, DQN, in terms of stability, convergence speed, and under diverse environment settings.
An Irreversible and Revocable Template Generation Scheme Based on Chaotic System

Face recognition technology has developed rapidly in recent years, and a large number of applications based on face recognition have emerged. Because the template generated by the face recognition system stores the relevant information of facial biometrics, its security is attracting more and more attention. This paper proposes a secure template generation scheme based on a chaotic system. Firstly, the extracted face feature vector is permuted to eliminate the correlation within the vector. Then, the orthogonal matrix is used to transform the vector, and the state value of the vector is changed, while maintaining the original distance between the vectors. Finally, the cosine value of the included angle between the feature vector and different random vectors are calculated and converted into integers to generate the template. The chaotic system is used to drive the template generation process, which not only enhances the diversity of templates, but also has good revocability. In addition, the generated template is irreversible, and even if the template is leaked, it will not disclose the biometric information of users. Experimental results and theoretical analysis on the RaFD and Aberdeen datasets show that the proposed scheme has good verification performance and high security.
Correlation of Acceleration Curves in Gravitational Direction for Different Body Segments during High-Impact Jumping Exercises

Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age. However, in many cases, it can be very well prevented and counteracted with physical activity, especially high-impact exercises. Wearables have the potential to provide data that can help with continuous monitoring of patients during therapy phases or preventive exercise programs in everyday life. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and reliability of measured acceleration data at different body positions compared to accelerations at the pelvis during different jumping exercises. Accelerations at the hips have been investigated in previous studies with regard to osteoporosis prevention. Data were collected using an IMU-based motion capture system (Xsens) consisting of 17 sensors. Forty-nine subjects were included in this study. The analysis shows the correlation between impacts and the corresponding drop height, which are dependent on the respective exercise. Very high correlations (0.83–0.94) were found between accelerations at the pelvis and the other measured segments at the upper body. The foot sensors provided very weak correlations (0.20–0.27). Accelerations measured at the pelvis during jumping exercises can be tracked very well on the upper body and upper extremities, including locations where smart devices are typically worn, which gives possibilities for remote and continuous monitoring of programs.
ALGEBRAIC K-THEORY OF FINITELY GENERATED PROJECTIVE MODULES ON E∞-RINGS

1.1. Background of this paper. In 1990s, Elmendorf, Kriz, Mandell and May introduced a certain symmetric monoidal category of spectra called S-modules [15]. For an algebra object R in the category of S-modules, they also defined a certain model category of spectra called R-modules, which we denote by MR. Let ER be the full subcategory of MR such that ER consists of cofibrant-fibrant Rmodules with only finitely many non-zero homotopy groups which are finitely generated over the 0th homotopy group π0R of R. Blumberg and Mandell showed the following theorem.
Comparison of SOX2 and POU5F1 Gene Expression in Leukapheresis-Derived CD34+ Cells before and during Cell Culture

Bone marrow is an abundant source of both hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic stem cells. Embryonic, fetal and stem cells located in tissues (adipose tissue, skin, myocardium and dental pulp) express core transcription factors, including the SOX2, POU5F1 and NANOG gene responsible for regeneration, proliferation and differentiation into daughter cells. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes in CD34-positive peripheral blood stem cells (CD34+ PBSCs) and to analyze the influence of cell culture on the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes. The study material consisted of bone marrow-derived stem cells isolated by using leukapheresis from 40 hematooncology patients. Cells obtained in this process were subject to cytometric analysis to determine the content of CD34+ cells. CD34-positive cell separation was conducted using MACS separation. Cell cultures were set, and RNA was isolated. Real-time PCR was conducted in order to evaluate the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes and the obtained data were subject to statistical analysis. We identified the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes in the examined cells and demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in their expression in cell cultures. Short-term cell cultures (<6 days) were associated with an increase in the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes. Thus, short-term cultivation of transplanted stem cells could be used to induce pluripotency, leading to better therapeutic effects.
Viscous Interaction of Sonic Transverse Jets with Supersonic External Flows

P the results of an analytical study of a twodimensional flowfield alteration by a surface jet, when the boundary layer is turbulent. Of particular interest are the upstream boundary-layer separation distance and the "amplification factor. " Results compare favorably with experimental data. A new correlation parameter has been proposed, and an empirical equation for the amplification factor is given, for edge Mach numbers between 2 and 5.
Multivariable variable-structure adaptive model-following control systems

The design of multivariable adaptive model-following control systems is described using the theory of variable-structure systems (VSS). Both the model plant transient and the error response transient can be specified in advance. The discontinuous control enforces sliding motion on switching hyperplanes in the error state space, and the dynamic response is insensitive to certain parameter variations and disturbances. The design is straightforward and requires little computational effort.
Egg Yolk Protein Homologs Identified in Live-Bearing Sharks: Co-Opted in the Lecithotrophy-to-Matrotrophy Shift?

Abstract Reproductive modes of vertebrates are classified into two major embryonic nutritional types: yolk deposits (i.e., lecithotrophy) and maternal investment (i.e., matrotrophy). Vitellogenin (VTG), a major egg yolk protein synthesized in the female liver, is one of the molecules relevant to the lecithotrophy-to-matrotrophy shift in bony vertebrates. In mammals, all VTG genes are lost following the lecithotrophy-to-matrotrophy shift, and it remains to be elucidated whether the lecithotrophy-to-matrotrophy shift in nonmammalians is also associated with VTG repertoire modification. In this study, we focused on chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes)—a vertebrate clade that underwent multiple lecithotrophy-to-matrotrophy shifts. For an exhaustive search of homologs, we performed tissue-by-tissue transcriptome sequencing for two viviparous chondrichthyans, the frilled shark Chlamydoselachus anguineus and the spotless smooth-hound Mustelus griseus, and inferred the molecular phylogeny of VTG and its receptor very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), across diverse vertebrates. As a result, we identified either three or four VTG orthologs in chondrichthyans including viviparous species. We also showed that chondrichthyans had two additional VLDLR orthologs previously unrecognized in their unique lineage (designated as VLDLRc2 and VLDLRc3). Notably, VTG gene expression patterns differed in the species studied depending on their reproductive mode; VTGs are broadly expressed in multiple tissues, including the uterus, in the two viviparous sharks, and in addition to the liver. This finding suggests that the chondrichthyans VTGs do not only function as the yolk nutrient but also as the matrotrophic factor. Altogether, our study indicates that the lecithotrophy-to-matrotrophy shift in chondrichthyans was achieved through a distinct evolutionary process from mammals.
Metabolite Changes in Indonesian Tempe Production from Raw Soybeans to Over-Fermented Tempe

Tempe is fermented soybean from Java, Indonesia, that can serve as a functional food due to its high nutritional content and positive impact on health. Although the tempe fermentation process is known to affect its nutrient content, changes in the metabolite profile during tempe production have not been comprehensively examined. Thus, this research applied a metabolomics approach to investigate the metabolite profile in each step of tempe production, from soybean soaking to over-fermentation. Fourteen samples of raw soybeans, i.e., soaked soybeans (24 h), steamed soybeans, fungal fermented soybeans, and over-fermented soybeans (up to 72 h), were collected. Untargeted metabolomics by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to determine soybean transformations from various fermentation times and identify disparity-related metabolites. The results showed that soybeans samples clustered together on the basis of the different fermentation steps. The results also showed that sugar, sugar alcohol, organic acids, and amino acids, as well as fermentation time, contributed to the soybean metabolite profile transformations. During the fermentation of tempe, sugars and sugar alcohols accumulated at the beginning of the process before gradually decreasing as fermentation progressed. Specifically, at the beginning of the fermentation, gentiobiose, galactinol, and glucarate were accumulated, and several metabolites such as glutamine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homocysteine increased along with the progression of fermentation. In addition, notable isoflavones daidzein and genistein increased from 24 h of fermentation until 72 h. This is the first report that provides a complete description of the metabolic profile of the tempe production from soybean soaking to over-fermentation. Through this study, the dynamic changes at each step of tempe production were revealed. This information can be beneficial to the tempe industry for the improvement of product quality based on metabolite profiling.
New Compositional and Structural Constraints on the Smithsonian Microanalytical Reference Materials: Amphiboles from Kakanui and Arenal

The amphiboles from Kakanui and Arenal are two natural minerals that have been used worldwide as microanalytical reference materials, but their compositions and crystal structures are still poorly constrained. In this paper, we report new data on H2O and trace element mass fractions and single‐crystal structural refinement of these two amphiboles. H2O mass fractions of the Kakanui and Arenal amphiboles determined via Karl‐Fischer titration are 0.92 ± 0.18 (2s) and 1.56 ± 0.22% m/m (2s), respectively; these values estimated based on crystal‐structure refinement are 0.86 and 1.46% m/m, respectively. Trace element mass fractions measured via LA‐ICP‐MS in two laboratories are in good agreement, and spots from five fragments for both Kakanui and Arenal amphiboles are generally consistent within reproducibility precision (2s). Our measurements indicate a better homogeneity for the amphiboles from Kakanui than that from Arenal. According to the latest scheme for amphibole classification and nomenclature (Hawthorne et al. 2012), the sample from Arenal is a (partially dehydrogenated) pargasite, and that from Kakanui is a kaersutite. The significant amount of oxo‐component and that CTi4+ content is strongly ordered at the M(1) site for both amphiboles indicate crystallisation under high fO2 conditions.