Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis de los cambios en la auto-eficacia lectora a nivel evolutivo en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria

This study analyzes changes on students ‘reading self-efficacy beliefs through the compulsory Secondary Education from a developmental perspective. Sample comprised 492 students from 1st to 4th Secondary Grades (from 12 to 16 years old), belonged to four public schools and four semi-private schools of Leon (283 males and 209 females). After the application of the Reading Self-efficacy Scale and the subsequent analysis, results suggested statistically significant differences in the developmental pattern of reading self-efficacy across the 1st to 4th grades of compulsory Secondary Education, specifically, in the global reading self-efficacy and the subscale of decoding and fluency reading self-efficacy. They showed an increase in reading selfefficacy along the grades. However, we did not find changes in the other reading selfefficacy subscales, reading self-efficacy in relation to the construction of the text model and the situation model of reading. Educational implications, limitations and future lines of research of this study are discussed.
Ferritin in Adult-Onset Still's Disease: Just a Useful Innocent Bystander?

Background. Adult-Onset Still's Disease (AOSD) is an immune-mediated systemic disease with quotidian-spiking fever, rash, and inflammatory arthritis. Hyperferritinemia is a prominent feature, often used for screening. Methods. The key terms “ferritin” and “hyperferritinemia” were used to search PubMed and Medline and were cross-referenced with “Still's Disease. ” Results. Hyperferritinemia, although nonspecific, is particularly prevalent in AOSD. While most clinicians associate ferritin with iron metabolism, this is mostly true for the H isoform and not for the L isoform that tends to increase dramatically in hyperferritenemia. In these situations, hyperferritinemia is not associated with iron metabolism and may even mask an underlying iron deficiency. We review, in systematic fashion, the current basic science and clinical literature regarding the regulation of ferritin and its use in the diagnosis and management of AOSD. Conclusion. Serum hyperferritinemia in AOSD has been described for 2 decades, although its mechanism has not yet been completely elucidated. Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-18, MCSF, and INF-α provides a link to the disease pathogenesis and may explain rapid resolution of hyperferritinemia after targeted treatment and inhibition of key cytokines.
Analysis of the Concept of "Natural Person" in Public Law and Private Law Relations

The authors consider the notion of "natural person" in public law and private law relations, because this term has no clear answer is not in the regulations, not in the legal literature. For profound judgment of the specified features the author addresses to the analysis of provisions of the general theory of the right that through their prism to consider the concept "legal entity". In essence, designation used in law "legal entity" is identical to the concept "person", "individual". The author offers some reflections of scientists – jurists on this matter. So, some authors support withdrawal from a scientific turn of the concept "legal entity", having replaced on such as "citizen", "aliens", "person of law", etc. The authors intended to summarize existing theoretical interpretations and of his vision on this issue. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n5p83
Interpretable models from distributed data via merging of decision trees

Learning from distributed data becomes increasingly important. Factors contributing to this trend include emergence of data sets exceeding RAM sizes and inherently distributed scenarios such as mobile environments. Also in these cases interpretable models are favored: they facilitate identifying artifacts and understanding the impact of individual variables. Given the distributed environment, even if the individual learner on each site is interpretable, the overall model usually is not (as e.g. in case of voting schemes). To overcome this problem we propose an approach for efficient merging of decision trees (each learned independently) into a single decision tree. The method complements the existing distributed decision trees algorithms by providing interpretable intermediate models and tolerating constraints on bandwidth and RAM size. The latter properties are achieved by trading RAM and communication constraints for accuracy. Our method and the mentioned trade-offs are validated in experiments on real-world data sets.
L‐OPA1 regulates mitoflash biogenesis independently from membrane fusion

Mitochondrial flashes mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) fusion protein are bioenergetic responses to stochastic drops in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) whose origin is unclear. Using structurally distinct genetically encoded pH‐sensitive probes, we confirm that flashes are matrix alkalinization transients, thereby establishing the pH nature of these events, which we renamed “mitopHlashes”. Probes located in cristae or intermembrane space as verified by electron microscopy do not report pH changes during Δψm drops or respiratory chain inhibition. Opa1 ablation does not alter Δψm fluctuations but drastically decreases the efficiency of mitopHlash/Δψm coupling, which is restored by re‐expressing fusion‐deficient OPA1K301A and preserved in cells lacking the outer‐membrane fusion proteins MFN1/2 or the OPA1 proteases OMA1 and YME1L, indicating that mitochondrial membrane fusion and OPA1 proteolytic processing are dispensable. pH/Δψm uncoupling occurs early during staurosporine‐induced apoptosis and is mitigated by OPA1 overexpression, suggesting that OPA1 maintains mitopHlash competence during stress conditions. We propose that OPA1 stabilizes respiratory chain supercomplexes in a conformation that enables respiring mitochondria to compensate a drop in Δψm by an explosive matrix pH flash.
An Analytical Model for the Capacity Estimation of Combined VoIP and TCP File Transfers over EDCA in an IEEE 802.11e WLAN

In this paper we develop and numerically explore the modeling heuristic of using saturation attempt probabilities as state dependent attempt probabilities in an IEEE 802.11e infrastructure network carrying packet telephone calls and TCP controlled file downloads, using enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA). We build upon the fixed point analysis and performance insights. When there are a certain number of nodes of each class contending for the channel (i.e., have nonempty queues), then their attempt probabilities are taken to be those obtained from saturation analysis for that number of nodes. Then we model the system queue dynamics at the network nodes. With the proposed heuristic, the system evolution at channel slot boundaries becomes a Markov renewal process, and regenerative analysis yields the desired performance measures. The results obtained from this approach match well with ns2 simulations. We find that, with the default IEEE 802.11e EDCA parameters for AC 1 and AC 3, the voice call capacity decreases if even one file download is initiated by some station. Subsequently, reducing the voice calls increases the file download capacity almost linearly (by 1/3 Mbps per voice call for the 11 Mbps PHY)
20 Questions on Dialogue Act Taxonomies

There is currently a broad interest in dialogue acts and dialogue act taxonomies, and new uses, taxonomies, and standardization efforts continue to be proposed. This paper presents a discussion of issues that must be addressed in order to facilitate the shared understanding and use of taxonomies. The discussion is framed in terms of 20 questions, the answers to which will help make the meanings of taxonomy elements more clear to different communities of users. I INTRODUCTION When engaging in a study related to dialogue pragmatics, a researcher is confronted with a bewildering range of theories and taxonomies of dialogue acts1 to choose from. Moreover, specific deficits in any given theory often
Two co‐existing mechanisms for nuclear import of MAP kinase: passive diffusion of a monomer and active transport of a dimer

In response to extracellular stimuli, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK, also known as ERK) translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK, also know as MEK), which possesses a nuclear export signal (NES), acts as a cytoplasmic anchor of MAPK. Here we show evidence that tyrosine (Tyr190 in Xenopus MPK1/ERK2) phosphorylation of MAPK by MAPKK is necessary and sufficient for the dissociation of the MAPKK‐MAPK complex, and that the dissociation of the complex is required for the nuclear translocation of MAPK. We then show that nuclear entry of MAPK through a nuclear pore occurs via two distinct mechanisms. Nuclear import of wild‐type MAPK (mol. wt 42 kDa) was induced by activation of the MAPK pathway even in the presence of wheat germ agglutinin or dominant‐negative Ran, whereas nuclear import of β‐galactosidase (β‐gal)‐fused MAPK (mol. wt 160 kDa), which occurred in response to stimuli, was completely blocked by these inhibitors. Moreover, while a dimerization‐deficient mutant of MAPK was able to translocate to the nucleus upon stimulation, this mutant MAPK, when fused to β‐gal, became unable to enter the nucleus. These results suggest that monomeric and dimeric forms of MAPK enter the nucleus by passive diffusion and active transport mechanisms, respectively.
Design Migration From Peripheral ASIC Design to Area-I/O Flip-Chip Design by Chip I/O Planning and Legalization

Due to higher input/output (I/O) count and power delivery problem in deep submicrometer (DSM) regime, flip-chip technology, especially for area-array architecture, has provided more opportunities for adoption than traditional peripheral bonding design style in high-performance application-specific integrated circuit and microprocessor designs. However, it is hard to tell which technique can provide better design cost edge in usually concerned perspectives. In this paper, we present a methodology to convert a previous peripheral bonding design to an area-I/O flip-chip design. It is based on an I/O buffer modeling and an I/O planning algorithm to legalize I/O buffer blocks with core placement without sacrificing much of the previous optimization in the original core placement. The experimental results have shown that we have achieved better area and I/O wirelength in area-IO flip-chip configuration (especially for pad-limit designs), compared with peripheral bonding configuration in packaging consideration.
Of ITAMs and ITIMs: turning on and off the B cell antigen receptor

For any given receptor, there are mechanisms that regulate the activation of signal transduction pathways, as well as mechanisms that extinguish those signaling pathways. Responding to environmental signals requires that both positive and negative regulation proceed in an ordered manner. Much research has focused on lymphocyte antigen receptorinduced signal transduction pathways, and an understanding of some of the initial events has been gained. The mechanisms that terminate signaling are equally important but less well understood. The inability to properly extinguish activation cascades may result in inappropriate responses and perhaps even cell death. Concerning lymphocyte antigen receptors, antigen recognition results in the activation of intracellular protein tyrosine kinases, particularly members of the Src family kinases, as well as the ZAP-70/syk kinases. The key to antigeninduced signal transduction is the phosphorylation of critical tyrosines within the cytoplasmic domains of the TCR
Runx3 and T-box proteins cooperate to establish the transcriptional program of effector CTLs

Activation of naive CD8+ T cells with antigen induces their differentiation into effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). CTLs lyse infected or aberrant target cells by exocytosis of lytic granules containing the pore-forming protein perforin and a family of proteases termed granzymes. We show that effector CTL differentiation occurs in two sequential phases in vitro, characterized by early induction of T-bet and late induction of Eomesodermin (Eomes), T-box transcription factors that regulate the early and late phases of interferon (IFN) γ expression, respectively. In addition, we demonstrate a critical role for the transcription factor Runx3 in CTL differentiation. Runx3 regulates Eomes expression as well as expression of three cardinal markers of the effector CTL program: IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B. Our data point to the existence of an elaborate transcriptional network in which Runx3 initially induces and then cooperates with T-box transcription factors to regulate gene transcription in differentiating CTLs.
Hemodynamic Effects Elicited by Stimulation of the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii

Microinjection of the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) elicits decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate. In the present study, we sought to determine the regional hemodynamic effects that were correlated with changes in arterial pressure and heart rate produced by stimulation of the NTS. In anesthetized rats, blood flow in the renal (RBF), superior mesenteric (MBF), and hindquarter (HBF) vascular beds was measured by pulsed Doppler flowmeters. Relative vascular resistances (RVR, MVR, and HVR) were calculated by dividing mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) by the Doppler shift (kHz). Microinjection of L-glutamate into the NTS caused rapid, transient, doserelated decreases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. MVR and RVR were minimally changed immediately after injections, but both demonstrated delayed dilatation. In contrast, HVR fell immediately but demonstrated delayed constriction. Identical changes occurred in intact rats and in those with interruption of the baroreflex by sinoaortic denervation. Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium abolished virtually all L-glutamate-induced responses. This study suggests that NTS neurons exert differential effects on renal, mesenteric, and hindquarter vascular beds and that glutamate-induced regional hemodynamic changes are mediated predominantly through autonomic pathways.
Multi-spectral based cell segmentation and analysis

The polychrome analysis of biological samples can yield information usually masked an monochrome or even color analysis. This paper shows that after an accurate choice of the spectral bands, the information obtained can be useful for image analysis purposes (such as segmentation) and also for biochemical analysis through absorption or fluorescence measurements. After a description of the image acquisition system, the core of the algorithm is presented. The method is based on the approximate reconstruction of the absorption spectrum at each point in the image. For reconstruction only three observations of non-overlapping bands are used in an efficient model of the absorption spectrum of the samples. Such a reconstruction establishes the basis for the segmentation and also for the analysis of the samples. The application of this technique has been shown to be specially useful for pigmented plant cells cultivated in vitro in the framework of the development of a complete image analysis system for plant cells
Differentiation of Nerve Terminals in the Crayfish Opener Muscle and Its Functional Significance

Junctional potentials (jp's) recorded from superficial distal fibers of the crayfish opener muscle are up to 50 times larger than jp' in superficial central fibers when the single motor axon that innervates the muscle is stimulated at a frequency of 1/sec or less. At 80/sec, in contrast, central jp's are up to four times larger than those observed in distal fibers. The tension produced by single muscle fibers of either type is directly proportional to the integral of the time-voltage curve minus an excitation-contraction coupling threshold of 3 mv. Distal fibers therefore produce almost all the total muscle tension at low frequencies of stimulation and central fibers add an increasingly greater contribution as their nerve endings begin to facilitate in response to increased rate of motor discharge. Differentiation of muscle membrane characteristics (input resistance, space constant, time constant) cannot account for these differences in facilitation ratios. The mechanism of neuronal differentiation is not based upon the size or effectiveness of transmitter quanta, since equal sized jp's have equal variances;: mjp sizes and variances are also equal. No differences were found between fiber types in rates of transmitter mobilization, density of innervation, or the relationship between transmitter release and terminal depolarization. Single terminals on distal fibers were found to release transmitter with a greater probability than central terminals. More effective invasion of distal terminals by the nerve impulse at low frequencies can account for the difference.
¿Es el gobierno local un nuevo espacio para la participación ciudadana? El punto de vista de los alcaldes. El caso español

En este artículo se comparte la convicción de que la democracia local necesita la participación ciudadana para tener éxito en tiempos difíciles, traducido en nuevas formas de involucrar la participación de los ciudadanos en los procesos públicos de decisión participativa y experiencias de su aplicación. Con el fin de obtener un conocimiento más profundo de la compleja interacción entre los políticos, administradores, grupos de interés y ciudadanos, se hace necesario prestar atención a la conducta de los decisores. Los alcaldes están, evidentemente, muy dispuestos a apoyar las políticas públicas orientadas a promover la participación, sin embargo, en la vida cotidiana sus decisiones se guían, sobre todo, por los principios legales. A partir de los datos aportados por una encuesta ad hoc implementada a los alcaldes españoles de ciudades de más de 10 000 habitantes en 2007, este artículo pretende ilustrar que la decisión del alcalde tiene un impacto significativo en el desarrollo de las nuevas formas de gobernanza local.
Hypothesis Which Memory System is Impaired First in Alzheimer ’ s Disease ?

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in its earliest stages becomes increasingly important as disease modifying agents are being developed. In this area of research, many clinical and neuroimaging studies focus on markers of hippocampal dysfunction. However, during the “transentorhinal stage” of AD, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), related to tau protein pathology, develop in the anterior subhippocampal (perirhinal/entorhinal) cortex before the hippocampus. NFT are tightly correlated with clinical symptoms. Therefore, an accurate understanding of the behavioral correlate of transentorhinal dysfunction could critically contribute to the early diagnosis of the disease. Recent findings from studies in animals and human brain-damaged patients suggest that the anterior subhippocampal region, functionally integrated into an anterior mesiotemporal network, is involved in object based context-free memory. In this article, we evaluate the hypothesis according to which tau deposition in the anterior subhippocampal region during the earliest stages of the most common form of AD, with predominant MTL dysfunction, will lead to dysfunction of neural networks implicated in context-free memory. We challenge the view that impaired episodic memory is the hallmark of early AD. Instead, a model that integrates the localization and temporal sequence of NFT within the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is proposed. Paralleling the development of NFT in anterior subhippocampal areas, impaired context-free, object-based, memory could be the first detectable sign in AD. In a subsequent, “hippocampal” stage, context-rich, episodic and spatial memory, becomes altered as well. The question as to the “episodic” nature of “episodic memory tasks” is also addressed.
ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTIVITY OF LIGNOCAINE BY SIMULTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION OF POTASSIUM CHANNEL AGONISTS NICORANDIL IN ALBINO RATS

There are reports about a possible weak local anaesthetic activity of nicorandil, a potassium channel agonist (PCA). In addition, modification of local anesthetic activity of lignocaine by PCA is not clearly defined. The objective of the present study is to evaluate local anesthetic activity of nicorandil and to evaluate the influence of nicorandil on the efficacy and duration of local anesthesia by lignocaine. A total number of 84 albino rats of either sex were divided into 14 groups of 6 animals each. Two methods, sciatic nerve blockade and tail clip method were applied for the study. Control group received 0.2ml normal saline, whereas the study group received 0.2ml of 1% drug solution (lignocaine or nicorandil) combined with 0.9% sodium chloride. The results showed weak local anaesthetic activity with the higher dosages of nicorandil (10 mg/kg, 100mg/kg). Combination of nicorandil (1mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg) and lignocaine (5mg/kg) yielded synergistic results like decreased onset latency and prolonged reaction time. To conclude unquestionably there are multiple mechanisms involved for causation of local anesthetic effect by drugs like lignocaine. PCAs like nicorandil will influence the activity of these drugs as observed in the present study. Mechanism of this may be complex. Nicorandil may increase the plasma membrane permeability to potassium causing hyper polarization and moves the membrane potential away from the threshold required to generate an action potential.
Cloth Black Acrylic Cutting BoardBubble Wrap Plastic Case Plastic Dispenser

To perform useful tasks in everyday human environments, rob ots must be able to both understand and communicate the sensa tions they experience during haptic interactions with objects. T oward this goal, we augmented the Willow Garage PR2 robot wit h a pair of SynTouch BioTac sensors to capture rich tactile signals d uring the execution of four exploratory procedures on 60 hou sehold objects. In a parallel experiment, human subjects blindly t ouched the same objects and selected binary haptic adjectiv es from a predetermined set of 25 labels. We developed several machin e-learning algorithms to discover the meaning of each adjec tive from the robot’s sensory data. The most successful algorithms we re those that intelligently combine static and dynamic comp nents of the data recorded during all four exploratory procedures. T he best of our approaches produced an average adjective clas sifi ation F1 score of 0.77, a score higher than that of an average human sub ject.
How simultaneous is the perception of binocular depth and rivalry in plaid stimuli?

Psychophysical experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to perceive both binocular depth and rivalry in plaids (Buckthought and Wilson 2007, Vision Research 47 2543–2556). In a recent study, we investigated the neural substrates for depth and rivalry processing with these plaid patterns, when either a depth or rivalry task was performed (Buckthought and Mendola 2011, Journal of Vision 11 1–15). However, the extent to which perception of the two stimulus aspects was truly simultaneous remained somewhat unclear. In the present study, we introduced a new task in which subjects were instructed to perform both depth and rivalry tasks concurrently. Subjects were clearly able to perform both tasks at the same time, but with a modest, symmetric drop in performance when compared to either task carried out alone. Subjects were also able to raise performance levels for either task by performing it with a higher priority, with a decline in performance for the other task. The symmetric declines in performance are consistent with the interpretation that the two tasks are equally demanding of attention (Braun and Julesz 1998, Perception & Psychophysics 60 1–23). The results demonstrate the impressive combination of binocular features that supports coincident depth and rivalry in surface perception, within the constraints of presumed orientation and spatial frequency channels.