Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Terminological Accuracy Versus Political Correctness: a Rejoinder To Leone

Dilulio, J. (1995, November 27). The coming of the super-predators. Weekly Standard, p. 23. Gresham, F. M. , Lane. K. L. , & Lambros, K. M. (2000). Comorbidity of conduct problems and ADHD: Identification of "fledgling psychopaths. " Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(2), 83-93. Hinshaw, S. (1987). On the distinction between attention deficit/hyperactivity and conduct problems/aggression in child psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 127-155.
A sense of others: behavioral attestation of UNIX processes on remote platforms

Remote attestation is a technique in Trusted Computing to verify the trustworthiness of a client platform. The most well-known method of verifying the client system to the remote end is the Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA). IMA relies on the hashes of applications to prove the trusted state of the target system to the remote challenger. This hash-based approach leads to several problems including highly rigid target domains. To overcome these problems several dynamic attestation techniques have been proposed. These techniques rely on the runtime behavior of an application or data structures and sequence of system calls. In this paper we propose a new attestation technique that relies on the seminal work done in Sequence Time Delay Embedding (STIDE). We present our target architecture in which the client end is leveraged with STIDE and the short sequences of system call patterns associated with a process are measured and reported to the challenger. Furthermore, we investigate how this technique can shorten the reported data as compared to other system call-based attestation techniques. The primary advantage of this technique is to detect zero-day malware at the client platform. There are two most important metrics for the successful implementation of dynamic behavior attestation. One is the time required for processing on the target system and second is the network overhead. In our proposed model we concentrate on maximizing the efficiency of these metrics.
The impact of commercial rapid respiratory virus diagnostic tests on patient outcomes and health system utilization

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute respiratory tract infections due to influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Rapid tests for detection of these pathogens include antigen detection point of care tests (POC) and newer easy to use molecular tests. From experience, these assays improve both laboratory workflow and assay interpretation issues. However, the question of the benefits of using rapid test technology compared to routine laboratory testing for respiratory viral pathogens is still often asked. Areas covered: Specifically, this review aims to; 1) identify clinical/patient indicators that can be measured prior to and following the implementation of rapid diagnostic test for influenza and RSV, 2) provide multiple perspectives on the extent of impact of a rapid diagnostic test, including direct and indirect outcomes, and 3) identify the technological advancements in the development of rapid testing, demonstrating a timeline that transitions from antigen-based assays to molecular assays. Expert commentary: Key benefits to the use of either antigen-based or molecular rapid tests for patient care, patient flow within institutions, as well as laboratory utilization are identified. Due to improved test characteristics, the authors feel that rapid molecular tests have greater benefits than antigen-based detection methods.
Monocular visual Odometry using vertical lines in urban area

When a mobile robot travels in an urban area, Global Positional System (GPS) signals might be obstructed by high buildings. Visual Odometry becomes a choice. Since vertical lines, such as the vertical edges of buildings, are easy to extract, insensitive to lighting conditions/shadows, and sensitive to robot movements on the ground, they are robust features if compared with regular point features or line features. In this paper, we develop a monocular vision-based odometry system which utilizes the vertical lines from the scene to estimate the robot ego-motion. The main difference from the related works is that the proposed method can work well even the ground is not flat. Furthermore, 5 degree-of-freedom of the mobile robot, including two translations and three rotations, can be obtained. Finally, some physical experiments are carried out to validate the proposed method.
Reward Prediction Error Coding in Dorsal Striatal Neurons

In the current theory of learning, the reward prediction error (RPE), the difference between expected and received reward, is thought to be a key factor in reward-based learning, working as a teaching signal. The activity of dopamine neurons is known to code RPE, and the release of dopamine is known to modify the strength of synaptic connectivity in the target neurons. A fundamental interest in current neuroscience concerns the origin of RPE signals in the brain. Here, we show that a group of rat striatal neurons show a clear parametric RPE coding similar to that of dopamine neurons when tested under probabilistic pavlovian conditioning. Together with the fact that striatum and dopamine neurons have strong direct and indirect fiber connections, the result suggests that the striatum plays an important role in coding RPE signal by cooperating with dopamine neurons.
IgG Autoantibodies against β2-Glycoprotein I Complexed with a Lipid Ligand Derived from Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein are Associated with Arterial Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome

We recently reported [J. Lipid Res. 42 (2001), 697; 43 (2002), 1486; 44 (2003), 716] that β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) forms complexes with oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and autoantibodies against these complexes are present in patients with SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The relationship of β2GPI/oxLDL complexes and IgG autoantibodies against β2GPI complexed with oxLig-1 (an oxLDL-derived ligand) with clinical manifestations of APS was studied in 150 APS and SLE patients. The β2GPI/oxLDL levels of APS patients were similar to those of SLE patients without APS, but they were significantly higher than healthy individuals. There was no difference in the complex levels among the patients with arterial, venous thrombosis, or pregnancy morbidity. IgG anti-β2GPI/oxLig-1 levels of APS were significantly higher than those of SLE without APS and healthy individuals. Further, antibody levels of APS patients with arterial thrombosis were significantly higher than those patients with venous thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Thus, oxidation of LDL leads the complex formation with β2GPI in SLE and APS patients. In contrast, anti-β2GPI/oxLig-1 autoantibodies were generated only in APS and were strongly associated with arterial thrombosis. These results suggest that autoantibodies against β2GPI/oxLDL complexes are etiologically important in the development of atherosclerosis in APS.
Dignity at Work

Part I. Dignity and its Challenges: 1. Four faces of dignity 2. Toward a theory of dignity 3. Measuring the subtle realms of work Part II. The Practice of Dignity: 4. Deflecting abuse and mismanagement 5. Confronting overwork 6. Defending autonomy 7. Negotiating employee involvement 8. Coworkers - for better or worse Part III. The Future of Dignity: 9. Worker dignity and well-being 10. Dignity, agency, and the future of work.
On the optimal solution for BER performance improvement in dual-hop OFDM relay systems

In this paper bit error rate (BER) performance of DPSK modulated dual-hop OFDM based relay systems implementing ordered subcarrier mapping (SCM) at relay station (R) is analyzed. We propose a new solution, where in the OFDM amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system with fixed gain (FG) at the R station, one or more subcarriers having the lowest signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) on both hops are first omitted, and then the SCM is performed. Analytical and simulation results have shown that in this way significant BER performance improvements are attained in the regions of medium and high SNRs on both hops. Then, we compare BER performances of the most common OFDM relay systems with SCM, i.e. the systems applying decode-and-forward (DF), AF variable gain (AF VG) relaying, and AF FG relaying, where the same solution based on omitting the worst subcarriers on both hops is assumed. Through these comparisons, an optimal solution for BER performance improvement in the given channels' conditions, is defined.
Treatment of asthmatic patients with a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor‐1 antagonist montelukast (Singulair), decreases the eosinophil survival‐enhancing activity produced by peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes in vitro

Background: Montelukast (Singulair, MSD) has been shown to have a beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of asthma. We aimed to investigate the effect of montelukast treatment on the production of eosinophil survival‐enhancing cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC).
EFFICIENT AND FAST CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR REAL TIME DATA

- Data mining is a powerful and new method of analyzing data and finding out new patterns from large set of data. The objective of data mining is to pull out knowledge from a data set in an understandable format. Data mining is the process of collecting, extracting and analyzing large data set from different perspectives. Actually it is the analysis of large amount of data to squirm out existing interesting patterns to faction up similar data subsets i.e. cluster analysis along with dependencies (association rule mining). In this piece of work, an effort is laid down to calculate distance between formed clusters of data. Now, novelty of the work starts where bit-wise comparison and masking of clusters have been done over Java, which helps to accomplish the result more efficiently and rapidly. The simulation of this approach is expounded and evaluated over data set of counseling for admission in various professional courses and in which clustering of dataset on the basis of allotment is done over and effectiveness is evaluated in terms of the time taken for the clustering process and purity (i.e. accuracy) of cluster is calculated which is a simple and transparent criteria for evaluation of accuracy for cluster.
A Heterodimer of Thioredoxin and IB 2 Cooperates with Sec18p (NSF) to Promote Yeast Vacuole Inheritance

Early in S phase, the vacuole (lysosome) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae projects a stream of vesicles and membranous tubules into the bud where they fuse and establish the daughter vacuole. This inheritance reaction can be studied in vitro with isolated vacuoles. Rapid and efficient homotypic fusion between saltwashed vacuoles requires the addition of only two purified soluble proteins, Sec18p (NSF) and LMA1, a novel heterodimer with a thioredoxin subunit. We now report the identity of the second subunit of LMA1 as IB 2, a previously identified cytosolic inhibitor of vacuolar proteinase B. Both subunits are needed for efficient vacuole inheritance in vivo and for the LMA1 activity in cell extracts. Each subunit acts via a novel mechanism, as the thioredoxin subunit is not acting through redox chemistry and LMA1 is still needed for the fusion of vacuoles which do not contain proteinase B. Both Sec18p and LMA1 act at an early stage of the in vitro reaction. Though LMA1 does not stimulate Sec18p-mediated Sec17p release, LMA1 cannot fulfill its function before Sec18p. Upon Sec17p/Sec18p action, vacuoles become labile but are rapidly stabilized by LMA1. The action of LMA1 and Sec18p is thus coupled and ordered. These data establish LMA1 as a novel factor in trafficking of yeast vacuoles.
What to Transfer? High-Level Semantics in Transfer Metric Learning for Action Similarity

Learning from few examples is considered a very challenging task where transfer learning proved to be beneficial. Such a learning framework exploits previous experiences and knowledge to compensate for the lack of training data in a novel domain. Knowledge representation plays a vital role in the type and performance of transfer learning approaches, as well as its robustness against negative transfer effect. This aspect is usually not considered in most of the proposed transfer learning methodologies, where the focus is either on the transfer type or on the representation. In this work, we study the use of various high-level semantics in transfer metric learning. We propose a generic transfer metric learning framework, and analyze the effect of different semantic similarity spaces on transfer type and efficiency against negative transfer. Furthermore, we introduce a hierarchical knowledge representation model based on the embedded structure in the attribute semantic space. The evaluation of the framework on challenging transfer settings in the context of action similarity demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
The Long‐Term Effects of Reconciliation in Japanese Macaques Macaca fuscata

With one exception, all previous studies of reconciliation in non-human primates (friendly reunion between former opponents) have focused on demonstrating the immediate, short-term effects despite the widely held view that reconciliation has a long-term function of repairing social relationships following aggression. To investigate this long-term function I compared mean interaction rates between opponents during the 10 d following reconciled and non-reconciled conflicts to baseline levels of interaction. Aggression rates during the 10 d after non-reconciled conflicts were significantly higher than the baseline rate, whereas after reconciled conflicts aggression was minimal. Similarly, grooming, proximity and approach rates during the 10 d after non-reconciled conflicts were significantly lower than the baseline rate whereas grooming, proximity and approach rates in the 10 d after reconciled conflicts were restored to baseline levels. These results indicate that there are consequences to not reconciling with a former opponent and highlight the fact that these may be costly in terms of increased risk of long-term aggression and reduced affiliation. The data support predictions from the Relationship-Repair Hypothesis suggesting that reconciliation functions as a mechanism for the repair of social relationships damaged by aggression.
Trafficking and Cell Migration

The migration of single cells and epithelial sheets is of great importance for gastrulation and organ formation in developing embryos and, if misregulated, can have dire consequences e.g. during cancer metastasis. A keystone of cell migration is the regulation of adhesive contacts, which are dynamically assembled and disassembled via endocytosis. Here, we discuss some of the basic concepts about the function of endocytic trafficking during cell migration: transport of integrins from the cell rear to the leading edge in fibroblasts; confinement of signalling to the front of single cells by endocytic transport of growth factors; regulation of movement coherence in multicellular sheets by cadherin turnover; and shaping of extracellular chemokine gradients. Taken together, endocytosis enables migrating cells and tissues to dynamically modulate their adhesion and signalling, allowing them to efficiently migrate through their extracellular environment.
Diagnostic utility of selective nerve root blocks in the diagnosis of lumbosacral radicular pain: systematic review and update of current evidence.

BACKGROUND Lumbosacral selective nerve root blocks and/ or transforaminal epidural injections are used for diagnosis and treatment of different disorders causing low back and lower extremity pain. A clear consensus on the use of selective nerve root injections as a diagnostic tool does not currently exist. Additionally, the validity of this procedure as a diagnostic tool is not clear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and update the accuracy of selective nerve root injections in diagnosing lumbar spinal disorders. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of selective nerve root blocks for the diagnosis of low back and lower extremity pain. METHODS Methodological quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL) checklist. Only diagnostic accuracy studies meeting at least 50% of the designated inclusion criteria were utilized for analysis. Studies scoring less than 50% are presented descriptively and analyzed critically. The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, or limited or poor based on the quality of evidence grading scale developed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to September 2012, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. OUTCOME MEASURES In this review, we evaluated studies in which controlled local anesthetic blocks were performed using at least 50% pain relief as the reference standard. RESULTS There is limited evidence for the accuracy of selective nerve root injections as a diagnostic tool for lumbosacral disorders. There is limited evidence for their use in the preoperative evaluation of patients with negative or inconclusive imaging studies. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this systematic review include a paucity of literature, variations in technique, and variable criterion standards for the diagnosis of lumbar radicular pain. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence for selective nerve root injections as a diagnostic tool in evaluating low back pain with radicular features. However, their role needs to be further clarified by additional research and consensus.
Semantic Web Ontology Utilization for Heart Failure Expert System Design

In this work we present the usage of semantic web knowledge representation formalism in combination with general purpose reasoning for building a medical expert system. The properties of the approach have been studied on the example of the knowledge base construction for decision support tasks in the heart failure domain. The work consisted of descriptive knowledge presentation in the ontological form and its integration with the heart failure procedural knowledge. In this setting instance checking in description logic represents the main process of the expert system reasoning.
Hera-JVM: Abstracting Processor Heterogeneity Behind a Virtual Machine

Heterogeneous multi-core processors, such as the Cell processor, can deliver exceptional performance, however, they are notoriously difficult to program effectively. We present Hera-JVM, a runtime system which hides a processor's heterogeneity behind a homogeneous virtual machine interface. Preliminary results of three benchmarks running under Hera-JVM are presented. These results suggest a set of application behaviour characteristics that the runtime system should take into account when placing threads on different core types.
Complementarity and Substitutability among Adjacent Gateway Ports

The author considers complementarity and substitutability among container ports located in a single gateway region. The level of substitutability from a shipping line's perspective is assessed by means of an analysis of revealed preferences in the port-calling pattern of vessels deployed on different trade routes. The author also identifies and analyzes the factors contributing to levels of port substitutability as perceived by shipping lines. The methodology is applied to the Rhine–Scheldt Delta, a major European multiport gateway region. It is demonstrated that the large load centres in the Delta are increasingly acting as substitutes, while each of the smaller container ports functions more as a complement to one of the large load centres.
Evaluating communication skills in the objective structured clinical examination format: reliability and generalizability

In most objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs), communication skills are assessed as an ‘add‐on’ to history‐taking stations, rather than in stations designed to assess communication skills in the broadest sense. This study investigated the feasibility of developing such stations. In part one, 60 clinical clerks and 36 residents were rated in four 10‐min emotionally charged situations portrayed by standardized patients. Inter‐rater reliability was demonstrated (r = 0.59–0.63) and a highly significant effect of educational level was found. Generalizability between communication stations was low (0.17–0.20).
The role of microglia in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia are the resident innate immune cells in the CNS; they play an important role in the processes of demyelination and remyelination in MS. Microglia can function as antigen-presenting cells and phagocytes. In the past, microglia were considered to be the same cell type as macrophages, and researchers have different opinions about the role of microglia in MS. This review focuses on the original classification of microglia and their role in the pathogenesis of MS. Moreover, we present a hypothetical model for the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of MS based on recent findings.
Variability in Implementation of Interventions Aimed at Reducing Readmissions Among Patients With Heart Failure: A Survey of Teaching Hospitals

Purpose To highlight teaching hospitals’ efforts to reduce readmissions by describing interventions implemented to improve care transitions for heart failure (HF) patients and the variability in implemented HF-specific and care transition interventions. Method In 2012, the authors surveyed a network of 17 teaching hospitals to capture information about the number, type, stage of implementation, and structure of 4 HF-specific and 21 care transition (predischarge, bridging, and postdischarge) interventions implemented to reduce readmissions among patients with HF. The authors summarized data using descriptive statistics, including the mean number of interventions implemented and the frequency and stage of specific interventions, and descriptive plots of the structure of two common interventions (multidisciplinary rounds and follow-up telephone calls). Results Sixteen hospitals (94%) responded. The number and stage of implementation of the HF-specific and care transition interventions implemented varied across institutions. The mean number of interventions at an advanced stage of implementation (i.e., implemented for ≥ 75% of HF patients on the cardiology service or on all services) was 10.9 (standard deviation = 4.3). Overall, predischarge interventions were more common than bridging or postdischarge interventions. There was variability in the personnel involved in multidisciplinary rounds and in the processes/content of follow-up telephone calls. Conclusions Teaching hospitals have implemented a wide range of interventions aimed at reducing hospital readmissions, but there is substantial variability in the types, stages, and structure of their interventions. This heterogeneity highlights the need for collaborative efforts to improve understanding of intervention effectiveness.