Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus in Adults (LADA): the Role of Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Diagnosis and Prediction of Insulin Dependency

Type 1 diabetes mellitus in adults may present in a manner similar to that of Type 2 diabetes but with a late development of insulin dependency. We studied 65 patients who presented with ‘adult‐onset’ diabetes after the age of 30 years. Of these patients, 19 required insulin therapy. The insulin‐treated patients were significantly younger, their onset of diabetes was at an earlier age, and their postprandial serum C‐peptide levels were lower than those of the non‐insulin‐treated group. Moreover, the insulin‐treated subjects had a higher mean concentration of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (66.8 ± 10.2 units) than the patients who did not require insulin (9.9 ± 1.9 units) (p < 0.001) and their frequency of anti‐GAD positivity was 73.7% versus 4.3% (p < 0.001). Thus, among patients attending a diabetes clinic, the majority (73.7%) of subjects who presented with diabetes after 30 years of age and who subsequently required therapy with insulin, actually have the islet cell lesion of Type 1 diabetes which progresses at a slower tempo than in children. We conclude that testing for anti‐GAD in adult‐onset non‐obese diabetic patients should be a routine procedure in order to detect latent insulin‐dependency at the earliest possible stage, since this assay can assist in the correct classification of diabetes, and more appropriate therapy.
La institucionalización de la ciencia política en Chile y América Latina: una mirada desde el sur

Resumen Esta introduccion no pretende ser mas que una primera aproximacion sobre el estado del arte de la ciencia politica en el continente. Aqui se argumenta que el reforzamiento institucional de la ciencia politica latinoamericana debe pasar por la construccion de instituciones universitarias que funcionen a traves de reglas claras que fomenten la meritocracia y que para que esta exista deben forzosamente existir criterios claros y definidos de como ponderar la productividad de la investigacion y docencia. Evidentemente, el establecimiento de estos criterios es fundamental a la hora de las evaluaciones. El escenario continental ofrece enormes variaciones en los ambitos minimamente necesarios para la institucionalizacion de la disciplina. En algunos paises ni siquiera se puede conseguir un titulo de pre o postgrado en ciencia politica. En otros, existe menos de una decena de doctores en ciencia politica trabajando en el ambito universitario. La imperiosa necesidad de la profesionalizacion continua siendo un tema importante a considerar.
Effect of Physical Attractiveness on the Perception of Couples

The importance of physical attractiveness as a variable affecting social . interaction has been demonstrated in a number of recent studies (cf. Berscheid & Walster, 1973). The results of these studies indicate that the physically attractive, almost uniformly, have advantages in social relationships not accorded to the less attractive. For example, Walster, Aronson, Abrahams, and Rottman (1966) arranged
A modified empirical model for soil moisture estimation in vegetated areas using SAR data

Among the major models developed for soil moisture retrieval, the empirical model developed by Dubois et al. in 1995 proves to be a good choice, because of its accuracy and simplicity of implementation. The model provides quite good results for the estimation in bare soil areas. However, it does not explicitly incorporate vegetation backscatter effects and does not provide good results for vegetated areas with a cross-polarization ratio greater than -11dB. A modified empirical model is developed to address this concern. The water-cloud model is used to introduce vegetation effects into the VV backscatter coefficient, which is further used in the inversion model. The modified model is applied to the Washita 1994 SIR-C data and a correlation of 0.81 is obtained between the ground based measurements and the soil moisture estimated from radar data
Policy formation of intercultural and globally minded educational leadership preparation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ascertain, describe, and compare the components of existing leadership preparation programs in the USA and other countries; and to understand the policy‐based processes, challenges, and needs of support for program development for conceptualizing globally minded school leadership.Design/methodology/approach – The purpose of this paper is to ascertain, describe, and compare the components of existing leadership preparation programs in the USA and other countries; and to understand the policy‐based processes, challenges, and needs of support for program development for conceptualizing globally minded school leadership.Findings – Limited growth regarding globally minded school leader research and development can be accounted for. Furthermore the increasing internationalization of university programming to include expanded course offerings and greater opportunities of international exchanges that bring students face‐to‐face with perspectives different from those indig.
An decision-support system based on hybrid reasoning architecture

The using of information technology and information systems for decision support has always been one of research hotspots at home and abroad. For solving the difficulties of problem solving, this paper introduces a new method, hybrid reasoning. The paper first discusses the theoretical background of rule-based reasoning (RBR), and case-based reasoning (CBR), and then studies the reasoning process which integrates CBR as primary module and RBR as assistant module. The paper designs a decision support system based on hybrid reasoning, presents the system's framework, critical techniques, and discusses the representation of rule knowledge in detail, at last gives an example to illustrate the system's application. This paper provides a new way to design the decision support system.
Direct Marketing When There Are Voluntary Buyers

In traditional direct marketing, the implicit assumption is that customers will only purchase the product if they are contacted. In real business environments, however, there are "voluntary buyers, " who will still make the purchase in the absence of a contact. While no direct promotion is needed for voluntary buyers, the traditional response-driven paradigm tends to target such customers. This paper presents "influential marketing, " targeting only those whose purchase decisions can be positively influenced, i.e. buyers who are non-voluntary. Our novel, practical solution to this problem gives promising results.
‘1968’ – A Catalyst of Consumer Society

ABSTRACT The emergence of a new type of consumer society was catalysed rather than impeded by the tumultuous events of the late 1960s. The rebels of 1968 contributed considerably to the breaking down of conservative obstacles to consumption, to the opening up of new markets and to the creation of a new type of consumer. At its heart, ‘1968’ was an intra-bourgeois confrontation pursued by an innovative minority. The many instances of personal transformation from protagonists of protest to pillars of the establishment can be interpreted in the context of communicative and consumerist modernization. The protesters' performative hedonism proved highly compatible with consumer culture. Protest culture, on the one hand, sought the publicity of consumer society as a spatial and moral sphere for its activities. The response of the ‘system’ to the protests, on the other hand, was surprisingly flexible and resulted in the further development of capitalism and consumer society in the late twentieth century.
The Diagnosis of Delirium and DSM-IV

This paper reviews the history of the development of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) using the diagnostic category of delirium as an example. It also attempts to show how clinical practice and experience has molded the current conceptualization of delirium in DSM-IV. The paper presents the process and options the DSM-IV Work Group on Organic Disorders pursued in developing the DSM-IV criteria for the diagnosis of delirium, particularly in relation to ICD-10.
Edge-to-Edge Achieved Transfer Throughput Inference Using Link Utilization Counts

—We propose a methodology to infer edge-to-edge achieved transfer throughput using link utilization counts. Our method treats variations in the link utilization time-series as possible transfer starting or ending events. Iteratively following these variations to the neighboring routers, we then identify the path the transfer traversed through the monitored network. Our evaluation shows that this method can identify events larger than 3 Mbit/sec and longer than 2 minutes in duration with more than 95% recall. Additionally, we show that event detection is strongly correlated with the trafﬁc in the busiest router in the path. We discuss how a number of applications such as throughput prediction and DDoS attack source detection can use the inferred information.
Sentencing of Male and Female Child Sex Offenders: Australian Study

Research suggests that, in line with the chivalry hypothesis of female offending, a range of mitigatory factors such as mental health problems, substance abuse, and personal experiences of abuse are brought into play when women who offend against children are brought to trial. This is reflected in sentencing comments made by judges and in the sanctions imposed on the offenders, and as a result female offenders are treated differently to male offenders. The current study investigated this in an Australian context. Seven cases of female-perpetrated child sexual abuse were identified over a 6-year period through the Austlii database. Seven cases of male-perpetrated child sex abuse matched as far as possible to these were identified. Court transcripts were then located, and sentencing comments and sanctions imposed were analysed. All offenders were sentenced to imprisonment, but in general the women were more likely than the men to receive less jail time and lower non-parole periods because their personal backgrounds or situation at the time of the offending (i.e., difficulties with intimate relationship, male dependence issues, depression, loneliness and anger) were perceived as worthy of sympathy, and they were considered as likely to be rehabilitated. Further investigations are needed to support these findings.
Cost-effectively improving life endurance of MLC NAND flash SSDs via hierarchical data redundancy and heterogeneous flash memory

As an alternative to conventional spinning HDDs, MLC NAND flash memory based SSDs suffer from a low life endurance. To cost-effectively address this problem, we propose integrating both Hierarchical data redundancy and Heterogeneous flash memory techniques into those SSDs, named as H2-SSD. By deploying across-chips data redundancy in addition to the conventional in-page ECCs, the error correction capacity of H2-SSD can be dramatically enhanced. As a result, the life endurance can be significantly improved. Furthermore, an extra small sized SLC chip is deployed in H2-SSD to store the across-chips parity. Due to the high Program/Erase performance and life endurance of that SLC chip, the degradation of I/O performance induced by the hierarchical data redundancy will be slight in most cases, even under a strict synchronous parity update strategy. Both quantitatively analysis and trace-driven simulation are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of H2-SSD. The results demonstrate that H2-SSD outperforms the conventional SSDs in the maximum Program/Erase cycles by 23% to 178% and suffer from a less than 10% degradation of I/O performance under most cases.
Memorable First Time Sexual Experiences: Gendered Patterns and Nuances

This exploratory qualitative research study examined college students’ memorable narratives regarding their first sexual experience, and how those encounters inform current sexual practices. Drawing from a large national data set, the study explores the narratives of 100 women and men who were attending college on one of three diverse U.S. campuses in 2012. Utilizing a qualitative content analytic methodological framework, we found that women and men frame their first sexual experiences, in terms of message valence (positive, negative, neutral), in similar ways. Yet, subsequent thematic analysis of these messages reveals that gendered patterns and nuances exist in terms of positively framed (great experience; thoughtful, good decision; a special experience; and positive communicative experience) and negatively framed (undesired consequences, rape/abuse, regrets, and unpleasurable to horrible experiences) themes. Following an explication of how these thematic insights are more aptly understood through a gendered lens, directions for future research and implications for research, theory, and practice are provided.
Chasing and catching bad guys': the game warden's prey

This paper is a descriptive analysis of the most dangerous aspect of the job of game warden: the apprehension of poachers. Based on data from interviews with 31 game wardens, the author describes the actions of game wardens in attempting to enforce wildlife conservation laws. Extensive quotes from interviews with game wardens are presented. The analysis is focused around their responses to several guiding questions regarding those characteristics that distinguish poachers in terms of probability of apprehension. These include (1) experience in poaching, (2) the number of people with whom the poacher works, (3) remaining seclusive, (4) geographic mobility, and (5) hunting in a familiar area. Additional questions were intended to facilitate the description of the law enforcement aspect of the warden's job. Comparisons between game wardens and urban police officers are made, including the dangers of the job and the use of informants.
Processes with Negative Correlations

We deal with time series models with non-positive autocorrelations. For a strictly stationary process with an autocorrelation function {rt} such that rt ≤ 0 for all t ≥ 1 the lower bound for ∑∞ t=1 rt is investigated. Some results for general stationary random processes are introduced. The main part of the work is devoted to dependent negatively correlated Bernoulli variables. The case of 1-dependent variables is considered and the boundaries for the 1 lag autocorrelation r1 are investigated. Properties of ∑∞ t=1 rt in a more general situation are studied as well.
Great Expectations—Defining Quality in Pediatric Sedation: Outcomes of a Multidisciplinary Consensus Conference

Purpose:Recognizing the inconsistencies in sedation practices, the Society for Pediatric Sedation convened this meeting to begin the process of defining quality as it relates to the field of pediatric sedation. Scope:Millions of procedures are performed each year on children. Caring for children, even for routine procedures, can be challenging. Children may not have the ability to follow commands, tolerate painful stimuli, or even lie still for a diagnostic study. Therefore, pharmacologic sedation with medications designed to blunt the awareness of the patient and provide relief of pain and anxiety is necessary. Methods:A multidisciplinary group of sedation providers and quality methodology experts met in November 2011. Through 2 days of didactics, small workgroups, and consensus discussions, the attendees met the objectives of exploring quality in pediatric sedation around the Institute of Medicine's (IOM, 2001) six aims of quality: Safe, Effective, Patient Centered, Timely, Efficient, and Equitable. Results:The conference findings outlined in this document address the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's (AHRQ) mission of improving quality healthcare for all Americans, especially for underrepresented groups such as children. The conference outlines a key next step in defining and achieving quality in pediatric procedural sedation.
Graph manifolds from spectral polynomials

Graph structures have proved computationally cumbersome for pattern analysis. The reason for this is that before graphs can be converted to pattern vectors, correspondences must be established between the nodes of structures which are potentially of different size. To overcome this problem, in this paper we turn to the spectral decomposition of the Laplacian matrix. We show how the elements of the spectral matrix for the Laplacian can be used to construct symmetric polynomials that are permutation invariants. The coefficients of these polynomials can be used as graph-features which can be encoded in a vectorial manner. We explore whether the vectors of invariants can be embedded in a low dimensional space using a number of alternative strategies including principal components analysis (PCA), multidimensional scaling (MDS) and locality preserving projection (LPP).
Socioeconomic Status and Health Communication Inequalities in Japan: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

Background Considerable evidence suggests that communication inequality is one potential mechanism linking social determinants, particularly socioeconomic status, and health inequalities. This study aimed to examine how dimensions of health communication outcomes (health information seeking, self-efficacy, exposure, and trust) are patterned by socioeconomic status in Japan. Methods Data of a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 2,455 people aged 15–75 years in Japan were used for secondary analysis. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, subjective health, recent health information seeking, self-efficacy in seeking health information, and exposure to and trust in health information from different media. Results A total of 1,311 participants completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 53.6%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that education and household income, but not employment, were significantly associated with health information seeking and self-efficacy. Socioeconomic status was not associated with exposure to and trust in health information from mass media, but was significantly associated with health information from healthcare providers and the Internet. Conclusion Health communication outcomes were patterned by socioeconomic status in Japan thus demonstrating the prevalence of health communication inequalities. Providing customized exposure to and enhancing the quality of health information by considering social determinants may contribute to addressing social disparities in health in Japan.
Learning the LMP-Load Coupling From Data: A Support Vector Machine Based Approach

This paper investigates the fundamental coupling between loads and locational marginal prices (LMPs) in security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED). Theoretical analysis based on multi-parametric programming theory points out the unique one-to-one mapping between load and LMP vectors. Such one-to-one mapping is depicted by the concept of system pattern region (SPR) and identifying SPRs is the key to understanding the LMP-load coupling. Built upon the characteristics of SPRs, the SPR identification problem is modeled as a classification problem from a market participant's viewpoint, and a Support Vector Machine based data-driven approach is proposed. It is shown that even without the knowledge of system topology and parameters, the SPRs can be estimated by learning from historical load and price data. Visualization and illustration of the proposed data-driven approach are performed on a 3-bus system as well as the IEEE 118-bus system.
A inovação pela diversificação: o caso da Estância Guatambu

Este artigo trata da capacidade de uma fazenda, a Estância Guatambu, de Dom Pedrito, Regiao da Campanha Gaucha, ultrapassar a fronteira da pecuaria com sua criacao de gados e producao genetica para se tornar tambem, uma vinicola respeitada e reconhecida pela excelente qualidade dos seus vinhos. Este resultado e alcancado com uma gestao familiar qualificada, a aplicacao de conceitos de inovacao, o contato e a sinergia com o meio academico e a busca por um desenvolvimento sustentavel do ambiente da fazenda e entorno.
Vitamin C Is an Essential Factor on the Anti-viral Immune Responses through the Production of Interferon-α/β at the Initial Stage of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Infection

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is one of the well-known anti-viral agents, especially to influenza virus. Since the in vivo anti-viral effect is still controversial, we investigated whether vitamin C could regulate influenza virus infection in vivo by using Gulo (-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C like humans. First, we found that vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice expired within 1 week after intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (H3N2/Hongkong). Viral titers in the lung of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo (-/-) mice were definitely increased but production of anti-viral cytokine, interferon (IFN)-α/β, was decreased. On the contrary, the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-α/β, were increased in the lung. Taken together, vitamin C shows in vivo anti-viral immune responses at the early time of infection, especially against influenza virus, through increased production of IFN-α/β.
New developments in the assessment and management of auditory processing disorders

This paper discusses three new developments in the assessment and management of auditory professing disorders (APD) that hold great potential for clinical application in the future. These developments include: 1) the introduction of a new test of temporal resolution (a gap detection test), which promises to fill a void in the current APD assessment arena; 2) the development of a novel intervention approach designed to facilitate resolution of ear differences noted during dichotic speech testing; and 3) the application of electrophysiological test measures to document the efficacy of auditory training programs as rehabilitative strategies. Each of these developments will be described and the available data to support its use in the assessment and/or management of individuals with APD will be discussed.