Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Postischemic Canine Neurological Injury Through Potentiation of Brain Energy Metabolism by Acetyl‐L‐Carnitine

Background and Purpose: Mechanisms of ischemia/reperfusion brain injury include altered patterns of energy metabolism that may be amenable to pharmacological manipulation. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of postischemic acetyl-L-carnitine administration on potentiation of metabolic recovery and prevention of neurological morbidity in a clinically relevant model of complete, global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods: Neurological deficit scoring as well as spectrophotometric and fluorescent assays of frontal cortex lactate and pyruvate levels were used in a canine model employing 10 minutes of cardiac arrest followed by restoration of spontaneous circulation for 2 or 24 hours. Results: Dogs treated with acetyl-L-carnitine exhibited significantly lower neurological deficit scores (p=0.0037) and more normal cerebral cortex lactate/pyruvate ratios than did vehicle-treated control animals. Conclusions: Postischemic administration of acetyl-L-carnitine potentiates normalization of brain energy metabolites and substantially improves neurological outcome in a clinically relevant model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
Using Intelligent Robots to Assemble Automobile Parts

This paper presents the available technique and discusses the difficulties to implement intelligent robots in nextgeneration automobile assembly. First, it presents the status of automobile assembly line, analyzes the problems and difficulties of current industrial robots-based assembly systems, and summarizes the technology needed to overcome the problems and difficulties. Then, it presents the new technology for intelligent assembly developed at National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), which can be directly used to implement intelligent robots for automobile assembly. Next, the paper analyzes the drawbacks of the newly developed technology and discusses remaining challenges, and presents our view of next-generation automobile assembly systems.
Split versions of the Levinson-like and Schur-like fast algorithms for solving block-slanted-Toeplitz systems of equations

In Joshi and Yagle (1998) the Fredholm equations of one-dimensional (1-D) inverse scattering and LLS estimation were transformed via the orthonormal wavelet transform into a series of symmetric "block-slanted-Toeplitz" (BST) systems of equations. Levinson-like and Schur-like fast algorithms were presented for solving the BST systems. Here, we present split versions of the Levinson-like and Schur-like fast algorithms. The significance of these split algorithms is as follows. Although the Levinson-like and Schur-like fast algorithms reduce the complexity of solving the BST systems from O(n/sup 3/) to O(n/sup 2/), there still exists an inherent redundancy in these algorithms in the case where the BST system matrices have centrosymmetric blocks. This situation arises when a symmetric wavelet basis function (like the Littlewood-Paley) is used in the problem transformation. This redundancy is exploited here to derive the split Levinson-like and split Schur-like fast algorithms. These split algorithms reduce the number of multiplications required at each iteration by a factor of two, as compared with the Levinson-like and Schur-like algorithms.
Smart cards inside

Today's smartcard- and security-ICs are no longer just phone cards, they are now embedded cryptographic security processors and have to face special challenges concerning architecture, design methodology and technology. The requirements for power consumption and performance are quite contradictory. On the one hand, embedded Java capability needs the high computing power of a 16 bit or even 32 bit CPU core. On the other hand the contactless mode of operation requires lowest power ability. Smartcard ICs have specific coprocessors for efficient execution of several cryptographic algorithms and a set of peripherals to enable a flexible use of the controller for many kinds of applications. The most important challenge of security ICs is their resistance against attacks. An overview of invasive and noninvasive attacks and examples for appropriate countermeasures in system and circuit design is given.
How Uniqueness Guides Definite Description Processing

Most analyses of definiteness are based on two important notions: uniqueness and familiarity. Fundamentally, both approaches ascribe some content to the conventional meaning of definite, but not indefinite, descriptions. We explore the effect of determiner choice on listeners’ expectations about possible referents using eye-tracking in the visual world paradigm. We present listeners with temporarily ambiguous definite descriptions where a single referent is unique under the greatest number of possible semantic descriptions. We find that uniqueness is not only a robust notion for describing the meaning of definitess, but also a crucial factor in guiding listeners in the online processing of definite descriptions. This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http://repository.upenn. edu/pwpl/ vol20/iss1/3 How Uniqueness Guides Definite Description Processing Christopher Ahern and Jon Stevens∗
Hand Pose Estimation by Fusion of Inertial and Magnetic Sensing Aided by a Permanent Magnet

Tracking human body motions using inertial sensors has become a well-accepted method in ambulatory applications since the subject is not confined to a lab-bounded volume. However, a major drawback is the inability to estimate relative body positions over time because inertial sensor information only allows position tracking through strapdown integration, but does not provide any information about relative positions. In addition, strapdown integration inherently results in drift of the estimated position over time. We propose a novel method in which a permanent magnet combined with 3-D magnetometers and 3-D inertial sensors are used to estimate the global trunk orientation and relative pose of the hand with respect to the trunk. An Extended Kalman Filter is presented to fuse estimates obtained from inertial sensors with magnetic updates such that the position and orientation between the human hand and trunk as well as the global trunk orientation can be estimated robustly. This has been demonstrated in multiple experiments in which various hand tasks were performed. The most complex task in which simultaneous movements of both trunk and hand were performed resulted in an average rms position difference with an optical reference system of 19.7±2.2 mm whereas the relative trunk-hand and global trunk orientation error was 2.3±0.9 and 8.6±8.7 deg respectively.
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor of Soft Parts

A histologically uncommon soft‐tissue tumor of the extremities and neck of a 54‐year old male is reported. The solid, bony‐hard tumors occurred at the inner region of the right thigh at 44 years of age with additional tumor formation at the posterior region of the same thigh, at the inner region of the right upper arm and at the neck during the following 10 years. All tumors were located in the deep muscle layer. The neck tumor directly invaded the fifth cervical vertebra and later the upper mediastinum. Histologically, all three tumors of the extremities contained mixed lobular growths of round to fusiform cells with myxoid matrix and an extensive bone formation. The tumor cells showed a small round nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm lacking cytoplasmic glycogen. The myxoid matrix was stained significantly by alcian blue and colloidal iron and was digested completely by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. Another major component was mature bone trabeculae showing a dense meshwork throughout the entire tumor with active bone formation toward the periphery. Positive immunostaining was obtained against anti‐vimentin and S‐100 protein antibodies. We suggest that this uncommon tumor can be tentatively distinguished as an ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts, (an entity defined by Enzinger et al.), differing from other previously described soft‐tissue tumors. Acta Pathol Jpn 41: 480–486, 1991.
Cancer gene therapy with HSV-tk/GCV system depends on T-cell-mediated immune responses and causes apoptotic death of tumor cells in vivo.

To examine the immunological mechanisms involved in cancer gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene and ganciclovir (GCV), murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, BNL1ME A.7R. 1, were transduced retrovirally with the HSV-tk gene. HSV-tk-transduced cells exhibited a more than 2,000-fold higher sensitivity to GCV compared with untransduced parental cells. When HSV-tk-transduced HCC cells were mixed with parental cells at a 50% ratio and implanted subcutaneously into immunocompetent syngeneic mice, complete inhibition of tumor formation was achieved by GCV treatment. Conversely, no significant inhibitory effects on tumor formation were observed in athymic nude mice. When established solid tumors in immunocompetent mice containing HSV-tk-transduced cells at an only 5% ratio were treated with GCV, marked infiltration by lymphocytes including CD4(+) and CD8(+) ones, and apoptotic death of tumor cells were induced, and significant reduction or even complete regression of tumors was achieved. Furthermore, such cured mice rejected rechallenge with parental HCC cells into the contraflank regions. Our results indicate that cancer gene therapy with the HSV-tk/GCV system can indeed induce efficient antitumor effects and protective immunity in immunocompetent mice but not in nude mice, indicating that T-cell-mediated immune responses may be a critical factor for achieving successful gene therapy against cancer using the HSV-tk/GCV system.
Platform Complexity: Lessons from the Music Industry

Platforms provide anchor-points for coordinating varied activities within an ecosystem. Understanding platform complexity and its effects is therefore a vital concern for academia and industry. The complexity defines the range of possible activities on the platform and the related aspects of control. This paper argues that abstract models of platforms used in current research remove some of the most important features underlying the inherent complexity of digital platforms. This insight is illustrated with a small study of platforms and their evolving complexity in the music industry. The exploration highlights salient phenomena that a more comprehensive theory of digital platforms should encompass. We posit that advancing theoretical perspective that better embrace the complexity of digital platforms is needed to fully capture the strategic and technological implications of emerging digital platforms.
Effects of Disturbance-induced trauma on foraging by subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Toxicant baiting systems are effective at population suppression against both the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, and the Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). However, trap shyness (i.e., station abandonment) is often quoted as a confounding factor affecting their success. We observed that C. formosanus field colonies occasionally abandoned established research field monitors when disturbed. We hypothesized that inadvertent trauma caused by trap disturbance could be a contributing factor to this abandonment phenomenon. We investigated the effects of the presence of physically-traumatized workers and soldiers on the consumption of food sources by C. formosanus and R. flavipes in a laboratory choice assay. Feeding was significantly reduced on food sources in contact with dead termites in laboratory trials with both termite species. Our results suggest that there is a continuum of behavioral interactions with dead nest mates, starting with anti-feedant effects and eventually, abandonment and walling-off of the dead termites and the source of mortality. Baiting protocols need to minimize disturbances that could cause trauma and subsequent avoidance of field monitors and baits.
Quality of Web Service Prediction by Collective Matrix Factorization

This paper studies the quality of web service prediction problem. We formalize the QoS prediction problem by incorporating multiple contextual characteristics via collective matrix factorization that simultaneously factor the user-service quality matrix and contextual information matrices. Using the service category and location context, we develop three context-aware QoS prediction models and algorithms to demonstrate the advantages of this modeling technique. The advantages of our proposed models are demonstrated via experiments on real-life data sets.
Analysing Persuasion Principles in Phishing Emails

As the barrier to abuse system vulnerabilities has been raised significantly with time, attacking users’ psyche has rapidly become a more efficient and effective alternative. The usage of email as an electronic means of communication has been exploited by phishers to deliver their attacks. The success of a phishing attack through distributed emails is determined by the response from the unsuspecting victims. Although persuasion can be used as a tool for a good reason, it can also be used for a malicious reason by phishers to get a positive response from an intended victim in phishing emails. To protect users from phishing attacks on the email level, system designers and security professionals need to understand how phishers use persuasion techniques in phishing emails. In this thesis, we present an analysis of persuasion techniques in phishing emails. Our research is aimed at understanding the characteristics of phishing emails, by considering persuasion techniques in the real world analysis. We have conducted a quantitative analysis on our dataset that consists of reported phishing emails between August 2013 and December 2013. The findings are mainly observed from three different viewpoints: general structural properties; persuasion principles characteristics; and their relationships. We have found that financial institutions are the most common target with high number of occurrences in our dataset. Three important findings of our research are that: (1) authority is the most popular persuasion technique regardless of the target and the reason used; (2) depending on the target types and the reason types, the next most popular persuasion principles are scarcity, consistency, and likeability; and (3) scarcity principle has a high involvement with administrator target type and account-related concerns.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Hinder Microglia Function Interfering with Cell Migration and Phagocytosis

The intranasal drug delivery route provides exciting expectations regarding the application of engineered nanomaterials as nano‐medicines or drug‐delivery vectors into the brain. Among nanomaterials, multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) are some of the best candidates for brain cancer therapy since they are well known to go across cellular barriers and display an intrinsic ability to block cancer cell proliferation triggering apoptosis. This study reveals that microglial cells, the brain macrophages and putative vehicles for MWCNTs into the brain, undergo a dose‐dependent cell division arrest and apoptosis when treated with MWCNTs. Moreover, it is shown that MWCNTs severely interfere with both cell migration and phagocytosis in live microglia. These results lead to a re‐evaluation of the safety of inhaled airborne CNTs and provide strategic clues of how to biocompatibilize MWCNTs to reduce brain macrophage damage and to develop new nanodrugs.
Context Independent Expectation Maximization Algorithm for Segmentation of Brain MR Images

For analyzing neurological disorders, realistic analysis of brain MRIs serves as a prerequisite step. This realistic analysis can be best described by segmenting the image into its constituent parts. Unfortunately, segmentation carried out by human visual system (HVS) is always influenced by certain factors. For example, inter-observer, intra-observer variability and large medical datasets. These factors make routine clinical applicability of HVS, a non practical way of examining MRIs. Therefore, to address this problem a fully automatic method is need of the hour. This paper discusses a highly efficient method i.e. the Expectation Maximization (EM) that precisely separates various parts of brain from a brain MRI. It works on the phenomenon of pixel labeling. The results obtained through this method are quite encouraging and are likely to contribute significantly in analyzing brain MRIs.
Ieee Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1 Dynamic Trees for Unsupervised Segmentation and Matching of Image Regions

— We present a probabilistic framework – namely, multiscale generative models known as Dynamic Trees (DT) – for unsupervised image segmentation and subsequent matching of segmented regions in a given set of images. Beyond these novel applications of DTs, we propose important additions for this modeling paradigm. First, we introduce a novel DT architecture, where multi-layered observable data are incorporated at all scales of the model. Second, we derive a novel probabilistic inference algorithm for DTs – Structured Variational Approximation (SVA) – which explicitly accounts for the statistical dependence of node positions and model structure in the approximate posterior distribution, thereby relaxing poorly justified independence assumptions in previous work. Finally, we propose a similarity measure for matching dynamic-tree models, representing segmented image regions, across images. Our results for several datasets show that DTs are capable of capturing important component-subcomponent relationships among objects and their parts, and that DTs perform well in segmenting images into plausible pixel clusters. We demonstrate the significantly improved properties of the SVA algorithm – both in terms of substantially faster convergence rates, and larger approximate posteriors for the inferred models – when compared with competing inference algorithms. Furthermore, results on unsupervised object recognition demonstrate the viability of the proposed similarity measure for matching dynamic-structure statistical models.
Towards the source of thoughts The gestural and transmodal dimension of lived experience

The objective of this article is to study a deeply pre- reflective dimension of our subjective experience. This dimension is gestural and rhythmic, has precise transmodal sensorial submodalities, and seems to play an essential role in the process of emergence of all thought and understanding. In the first part of the article, using examples, we try to draw the attention of the reader to this dimension in his subjective experience. In the second part, we attempt to explain the difficulties and describe the interior process of becoming aware of it. Then we describe the structural characteristics of this dimension, and the different types of 'interior gestures' which enable us to connect ourselves with it. Finally, we formulate a genetic hypothesis about the role of this dimension in cognition, on the basis of which we suggest some research paths in the neuroscientific, educational and existential domains.
[Occupational leptospirosis in a Colombian Caribbean area].

OBJECTIVE To establish the seroprevalence of infection by Leptospira in an occupational setting in Cordoba. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 334 farmworkers, butchers, and garbage collectors, to identify the presence of anti-leptospira IgM antibodies, in the Department of Cordoba, Colombia. Stratified sampling proportional to the number of inhabitants and occupation was used to select the sample population (confidence level 99.9%, error 0.5%, prevalence 72%). The SPSS software 11.0 version was used to perform non parametric tests with p < 0.05, as well as odds ratios with confidence intervals. RESULTS The prevalence of previous infection by Leptospira was high (13.1%). No differences among areas were found, however, higher infection was associated with living in Cienaga de Oro municipality (OR = 3.52 Cl 1.70-7.26) (p = 0,00283). Being a farmer was also a risk factor for infection (OR = 2.04 Cl 1.080-3.85) (p = 0.025), as well as drinking water from a dam (OR = 2.4 CI 1.24-4.70) (p = 0.00787). CONCLUSIONS The rate of infection is important and a significant public health problem in this area of the Colombian Caribbean coast.
An exploration of the experiences of women who stammer

The experiences of women who stammer have not been explored for over 30 years, with most stammering research recruiting only men and not differentiating the results by gender. Therefore, to date, stammering research can be seen as exploring male or androgynous stammering. Furthermore, speech and language therapies (SLT) that are based on this research are arguably inappropriate in addressing the experiences of women who stammer. In light of the above, this study aimed to explore the experiences of women who stammer, whilst taking into account the influence of societal gender norms on these experiences. 12 women were recruited from either the British Stammering Association (BSA) or the City Lit (college that offers SLT). Individual interviews were conducted using semi-structured interviews and the data was analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The four main findings suggested that stammering had a profound influence on the women’s lives. They described other’s reactions to their stammers as mostly unhelpful and thought this was due to a lack of understanding and mediated by societal gender norms. These negative reactions consequently impacted on their self-perception. Stammering was also found to affect relationships, starting within the family and spreading to other future relationships. There was a trend to want to break these relationship difficulties with their own children. The findings showed that negative experiences in school, due to bullying and lack of teacher support, led to the women feeling as though their potential was overlooked. They then described seeking jobs with minimal speaking or ‘pushing’ themselves academically and professionally. Finally, the women described their experiences of stammering as a journey, whereby they started off ‘hiding’ it from others and then learnt to accept it, with the support of SLT. The research findings are discussed in relation to the literature and clinical implications are suggested.
Nano Spiral Inductors for Low-Power Digital Spintronic Circuits

We propose nano-scaled spiral inductors suitable for future low-power digital spintronic circuits. The proposed nano-spiral inductors can be effectively used to generate magnetic field in a class of spintronic logic/memory circuits such as magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and magnetic quantum cellular automata (MQCA). Measured results on 0.13 ¿m test-chip demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed nano-spiral inductors and we estimate 3.36 × lower write-current in MRAMs and 85% lower clocking energy in MQCAs.