Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consistent dietary patterns identified from childhood to adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Dietary patterns are useful in nutritional epidemiology, providing a comprehensive alternative to the traditional approach based on single nutrients. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective cohort study with a 21-year follow-up. At baseline, detailed quantitative information on subjects' food consumption was obtained using a 48 h dietary recall method (n 1768, aged 3–18 years). The interviews were repeated after 6 and 21 years (n 1200 and n 1037, respectively). We conducted a principal component analysis to identify major dietary patterns at each study point. A set of two similar patterns was recognised throughout the study. Pattern 1 was positively correlated with consumption of traditional Finnish foods, such as rye, potatoes, milk, butter, sausages and coffee, and negatively correlated with fruit, berries and dairy products other than milk. Pattern 1 type of diet was more common among male subjects, smokers and those living in rural areas. Pattern 2, predominant among female subjects, non-smokers and in urban areas, was characterised by more health-conscious food choices such as vegetables, legumes and nuts, tea, rye, cheese and other dairy products, and also by consumption of alcoholic beverages. Tracking of the pattern scores was observed, particularly among subjects who were adolescents at baseline. Of those originally belonging to the uppermost quintile of pattern 1 and 2 scores, 41 and 38 % respectively, persisted in the same quintile 21 years later. Our results suggest that food behaviour and concrete food choices are established already in childhood or adolescence and may significantly track into adulthood.
Residential valuation behaviour in the United States, the United Kingdom and New Zealand

This paper investigates the valuation processes employed by United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and New Zealand (NZ) residential valuation experts. Professional appraisers from all three countries participated in a series of valuation experiments that revealed (i) switching from familiar to unfamiliar property settings did not alter valuation behaviour, (ii) valuation behaviour was consistently non-normative, and (iii) the processes employed by US appraisers differed from those of UK experts but not NZ experts. These behavioural differences are attributed to differences in the normative training and business cultures of the countries. Descriptive models of valuation behaviour are developed and compared.
Palmitoylation on Conserved and Nonconserved Cysteines of Murine IFITM1 Regulates Its Stability and Anti-Influenza A Virus Activity

ABSTRACT The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) restrict infection by numerous viruses, yet the importance and regulation of individual isoforms remains unclear. Here, we report that murine IFITM1 (mIFITM1) is palmitoylated on one nonconserved cysteine and three conserved cysteines that are required for anti-influenza A virus activity. Additionally, palmitoylation of mIFITM1 regulates protein stability by preventing proteasomal degradation, and modification of the nonconserved cysteine at the mIFITM1 C terminus supports an intramembrane topology with mechanistic implications.
Changes in milk L-lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin, and IgG during milk ejection and their association with somatic cell count

In both conventional and automatic milking systems (AMS), sensitive and reliable mastitis detection is important for profitable milk production. Mastitis detection parameters must be able to detect mastitis when the somatic cell count (SCC) is only slightly elevated. Owing to the pre-milking teat cleaning process in AMS, sampling cannot take place before the occurrence of alveolar milk ejection and importantly, this can affect the ability of parameters to detect mastitis. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of alveolar milk ejection on l-lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum albumin (SA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared with SCC, a commonly used indicator of mastitis. In this experiment, milk samples were collected every 20 s from one quarter during a 120-s manual teat stimulation in ten cows. Samples were analysed for SCC, l-lactate, LDH, SA and IgG. Quarters were grouped by low (<5·0 log10 cells/ml), mid (5·0–5·7 log10 cells/ml), and high (>5·7 log10 cells/ml) SCC using the sample at t=0 s. Neither l-lactate nor LDH could statistically differentiate between low and mid-SCC quarters, but there were a significant difference in levels between the high-SCC quarters and low and mid-SCC quarters. SA could not differentiate between the low and mid-SCC quarters, but the SA levels for the high SCC quarters remained statistically different compared with low and mid-SCC quarters throughout the experiment. IgG could statistically differentiate between low and mid-SCC, although the high-SCC quarters were not statistically different from the mid-SCC quarters after 60 s. In the high-SCC quarters, a decrease was shown in all parameters during milk ejection, after t=60 s. In conclusion, alveolar milk ejection reduces the effectiveness of detection parameters when compared with SCC. With the exception of IgG, the ability of other tested parameters was not satisfactory to differentiate between quarters with low to mid-SCC levels
Voriconazole-induced Phototoxicity in Children

Voriconazole is used in antifungal prophylaxis. We performed a retrospective review of immunocompromised children receiving prophylaxis with voriconazole during major hospital renovation, who developed phototoxic skin reactions. The overall incidence of phototoxic skin reactions was 33%. A voriconazole dose of ≥6 mg/kg of body weight per dose twice daily was associated with a significantly greater risk to develop phototoxic skin reactions compared with lower doses.
Auctions and Bidding Models: A Survey

Auctions and bidding models are attracting an ever increasing amount of attention. The Stark and Rothkopf (1977) bibliography includes approximately 500 papers on the subject; additional work has been reported since the bibliography was compiled. This paper presents a general framework for classifying and describing various auctions and bidding models, and surveys the major results of the literature in terms of this framework.
Management von Nachhaltigkeit in Supply-Chain-Netzwerken

Unternehmen verfugen typischerweise uber mehrstufige Zulieferund Abnehmerbeziehungen, deren Konfiguration sich jedoch unterschiedlich komplex gestaltet. Ein Management von Nachhaltigkeit muss diese Unterschiede verstehen, bevor passende Konzepte und Masnahmen empfohlen werden konnen. Die Arbeit zeigt, welche Ansatze des Nachhaltigkeitsmanagements unter welchen strukturellen Konstellationen der Supply Chain geeignet sind. Dissertation
Homework, Stress, and Mood Disturbance in Senior High School Students

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between hours of homework, stress, and mood disturbance in senior high school students, 141 boys and 228 girls, recruited from high schools across Victoria, Australia. Participants' ages ranged from 16 to 18 years (M = 16.6, SD = .6). A 1-wk. homework diary, a Self-reported Stress scale, and the Profile of Mood States were administered to students. Analysis showed that the number of hours spent completing homework ranged from 10 to 65 hours per week (M = 37.0, SD = 12.2). Independent samples t-test analyses showed significant sex differences, with female students scoring higher on hours of homework, stress, and mood disturbance compared to male students. Pearson product-moment correlations were significant and positive for hours of homework with stress and for hours of homework with mood disturbance.
Isoattenuating pancreatic adenocarcinoma at multi-detector row CT: secondary signs.

PURPOSE To assess the frequency of isoattenuating pancreatic adenocarcinoma with multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) and determine whether there are specific secondary signs that aid in detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-three patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma underwent contrast material-enhanced biphasic multi-detector row CT with curved planar reformation. Tumors were initially deemed isoattenuating or hypoattenuating to normal pancreatic parenchyma on the basis of visual inspection, and the degree of attenuation was confirmed by calculating the mean attenuation differences between normal pancreatic parenchyma and tumor (tumor-pancreas contrast) during the pancreatic phase. Indirect signs of pancreatic tumor were tabulated in patients with an isoattenuating tumor. RESULTS Of the 53 patients, six (11%) had isoattenuating tumors with a mean tumor-pancreas contrast of 9.25 HU +/- 11.3 during the pancreatic phase and 4.15 HU +/- 8.5 during the portal venous phase. The secondary signs of pancreatic tumor in these six patients included an interrupted pancreatic duct (n = 5), dilated biliary and pancreatic ducts (n = 1), atrophic distal pancreatic parenchyma (n = 3), and mass effect and/or convex contour abnormality (n = 3). The mean tumor-pancreas contrast for the remaining 47 patients was 74.76 HU +/- 35.61 during the pancreatic phase. CONCLUSION With no visible tumor-pancreas contrast for isoattenuating tumors, indirect signs such as mass effect, atrophic distal parenchyma, and an interrupted duct sign are important indicators for the presence of tumor.
[A molecular view of microbial diversity in sediment of the Jinshan hot spring, Guangdong province].

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the microbial diversity in the sediment of Jingshan hot spring. METHOD We extracted environment DNA from the sediment and then amplified the 16S rRNA genes of prokarotype and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) DNA of eukarotype by PCR with specific conservative primers. The PCR products were ligated to the T vectors and transformed into Escherichia coli to construct libraries. The libraries were analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) approach. The clones of dominant ARDRA patterns were selected to sequence. The sequence similarities were analyzed by using the BLAST programs for searching the GenBank DNA databases. RESULTS We identified 14 dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from prokarotype G. group. The Phylogenetic tree shows that 7 of them (JS-GU20, JS-GU1, JS-G37, JS-G29, JS-GM2, JS-G42, JS-G41) belong to Bdellovibrio. They had the highest similarity to Bacteriovorax sp. NE1 (EF092445) and Bdellovibrio sp. JS5 (AF084859), 96% and 99% respectively. Four major OTUs of prokarotype X group belong to Cyanobacterium. One of them, named JS-X2, has a similarity of 95% with an uncultured Cyanobacterium (L35331) which was gained from a hot spring of the Yellowstone National Park and has a similarity of 89% with Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 (47118315). Most OTUs of eukaryotic group have 90% sequences similarity to that of Penicillium sp. CONCLUSION The results showed that the microbial diversity in the sediment of Jinshan hot spring is rich. And the result of several clones' similarity to Bacteriovorax sp. showed that there might be a new group of thermophilicBacteriovorax sp. in the hot spring sediment.
Welfare State Policy and Informal Long-Term Care Giving in Austria: Old Gender Divisions and New Stratification Processes Among Women

In Austria, the provision of long-term care is strongly based on unpaid female work within family networks and is characterised by a highly unequal division of informal long-term care-giving. In 1993, a major reform has been introduced in the Austrian long-term care system with a payments for care programme and a state–provinces treaty regarding service development at its heart. The objective of this article is to investigate the implications of the 1993 programme on gender divisions and on whether and in what ways the programme and processes set in train by the programme influence the role of women as carers. The question is approached by applying and broadening the concept of defamilisation in a process oriented way. The analysis suggests that from the informal carers' perspective long-term care allowances in the Austrian context mean some financial relief via ‘symbolic payments’. At the same time, the overall long-term care system prolongs existing gender divisions and sets in train new stratification processes among women as main carers with gender, class and space as dimensions reinforcing each other.
Comparative histological results of different biomaterials used in sinus augmentation procedures: a human study at 6 months.

OBJECTIVES Various grafts or combination of graft materials have been used in sinus floor augmentations, and human histological reports on their performance are available, although limited in number. Histological analysis of the regenerated tissues will provide useful information regarding the nature and amount of newly formed bone. Aim of the present study was a histological and histomorphometric evaluation, in humans, of specimens retrieved from sinuses augmented with phycogene hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics, calcium carbonate, porcine bone and anorganic bovine bone, after a healing period of 6 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 patients, undergoing 30 sinus augmentation procedures with five different biomaterials, participated in this study. A total of 82 titanium dental implants were inserted in the augmented sinuses after a healing period of 6 months. A total of 60 bone cores, 2 for each augmented sinus, 12 for every biomaterial, were retrieved and all were stored immediately in 10% buffered formalin and processed to obtain thin ground sections. RESULTS In all biomaterials, many grafted particles were lined and, sometimes, bridged by newly formed bone. Some biomaterials particles appeared to be partially resorbed and substituted by newly formed bone. Histomorphometry showed that, in all biomaterials, newly formed bone and residual grafted material particles represented about 30%. CONCLUSIONS Longer term histological and histomorphometric studies will be necessary to understand better the resorption times of all these biomaterials. The high interconnecting microporosity allowed, in all the present biomaterials, the ingrowth of newly formed bone and vessels in the pores of the partially resorbed particles. In conclusion, within the limitations of the present study, the data provided support the fact that all these biomaterials can be used, successfully, in sinus augmentation procedures.
Fast maximum power point tracking algorithm based on switching signals modification

Solar PV energy systems have become one of the most researched and developed renewable energy alternatives due to the long lifetime and reduced maintenance of its components. However, considering the low efficiency in the conversion from light to electrical energy, the optimization of the power electronics converters which deliver the energy from the panels to the electrical grid has fundamental importance in terms of overall efficiency. One of the key elements in a PV system, designed to increase the efficiency, is the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm which finds the operating point where the maximum power is extracted from the panels. Several MPPT algorithms have been proposed in literature, ranging from the simple but powerful perturb and observe to very sophisticated algorithms involving artificial neural networks. All these methods have been designed with a very slow dynamics hence they cannot follow accurately abrupt modifications of the power curve produced when the irradiation changes. In this paper, a simple MPPT algorithm based on the modification of the switching signals and the analysis of the resulting voltage and power deviation is proposed. This algorithm allows to follow accurately the changes of maximum power point produced by fast variations in the irradiation. Simulation results to validate the proposed algorithm and comparisons with previously published algorithm are shown.
Immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen combined with adjuvants

The protective efficacy of immunization against anthrax with Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) combined with different adjuvants was tested in Hartley guinea pigs and CBA/J and A/J mice. Adjuvant components derived from microbial products that were tested included threonyl-muramyl dipeptide (threonyl-MDP); monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL); trehalose dimycolate (TDM); and the delipidated, deproteinized, cell wall skeleton (CWS) from either Mycobacterium phlei or the BCG strain of Mycobacterium bovis. Non-microbially derived adjuvants tested included aluminum hydroxide and the lipid amine CP-20,961. In guinea pigs, all adjuvants and adjuvant mixtures enhanced antibody titers to PA as well as survival after a parenteral challenge of virulent B. anthracis Ames spores. In contrast, PA alone or combined with either aluminum hydroxide or CP-20,961 failed to protect mice. Vaccines containing PA combined with threonyl-MDP or MPL-TDM-CWS protected a majority of female CBA/J mice. Statistical analysis of survival data in the guinea pigs indicated that PA-MPL-CWS and PA-MPL-TDM-CWS were more efficacious than the currently licensed human anthrax vaccine.
[Case-control study on manipulation combined with Chinese herbs for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation within chronic stage].

OBJECTIVE To observe and compare the therapeutic effects of two methods to lumbar disc herniation treated by manipulation combined with Chinese herbs and traction with Western medicine. METHODS A multi-center with a central district unit was used to study the patients with lumbar disc herniation from November 28th, 2008 to May 7th, 2010. All the patients were divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group had 100 cases, including 45 males and 55 females, averaged (43.43 +/- 9.18) years. The treatment group was treated by manipulation combined with Chinese herbs; Control group had 100 cases (5 cases were fall off), including 38 males and 57 females, averaged (42.29 +/- 9.78) years. The control group was treated by traction with Western medicine. The course of treatment was 3 weeks. VAS, M-JOA, LMS (lower limb muscle strength) and classification efficacy was used to evaluate outcome and therapeutic effects before and after treatment. RESULTS VAS and M-JOA were improved after the treatment both in treatment group and control group; there was no significant difference in LMS before and after treatment in both groups. VAS and M-JOA in treatment group was superior to those of control group after treatment. There was no significant difference in LMS. According to classification efficacy, 41 cases got excellent result, 34 good, 13 fair and 12 poor in treatment group; in control group, 35 cases obtained excellent results, 16 good, 19 fair and 25 poor. The effect of treatment group was better than that of control group. CONCLUSION Both of two methods can improve the score of VAS, M-JOA, and treatment group is better than that of control group. While for the improvement of LMS, both of two methods have no obvious effects.
The Willingness to Recommend a Visit to the Azores: A Hierarchical Ordered Probit Model with Application to Scandinavian Tourists

Abstract Tourism is a growing activity around the world and tourism destinations compete fiercely in order to attract tourists. It is usually recognized that the satisfaction that tourists have with the destination is an important way of attracting an increasing number of tourists in the future. Such a process of spreading the recommendation to visit the destination is very important for regions such as the Azores where tourism is still at a very early stage of development. The main goal of this paper is to analyze this topic in the case of the Azores. For this purpose, we use representative data in order to examine to what extent those who visited that region would recommend it to other people. The answer is then conditioned on a set of variables such as the characteristics of the individual and his overall level of satisfaction with the trip using a hierarchical ordered probit model.
Life cycle analysis of wheat and barley crops for bioethanol production in Spain

A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the agricultural production of wheat and barley grain to be used as a raw material for bioethanol production in Spain is performed. The objective of the work presented is to compare the environmental impact of the production of these two alternative raw materials for the production of bioethanol. This study is carried out in the frame of a higher scope study, a Life Cycle Analysis of alternative fuels for transport launched by the Spanish Ministry of Environment. Results show that wheat cultivation has a smaller impact in every impact category with the exception of the global warming category. Considering only the agricultural production stage, it seems that wheat is more recommendable than barley for bioethanol production, but given that the main objective in the biofuels introduction is the fulfilment of the greenhouse gases reduction commitments, barley is a better option than wheat.
An Experimental Method to Extract the Phase-Sensitivity of Oscillators to Noise Perturbations

This paper describes an original experimental procedure to extract the phase-sensitivity of oscillators to noise perturbations. The proposed method relies on measuring the width of the locking ranges over which the oscillator's response synchronizes with injected small-amplitude signals. It is shown that this sensitivity function can be employed to accurately predict how inner noise sources are transferred to output phase-noise and jitter. The extraction procedure is applied to a relaxation oscillator that exhibits a strongly nonlinear behavior.
Nationalism and Transnationalism: The National Conflict in Ireland and European Union Integration

Theoretical perspectives theories of nationalism international relations theory nationalism and transnationalism - an analytical framework historical roots national divisions in Ireland integration in Europe divisions and integration - material interests - national and transnational ideological conflict - nationalism and regionalism public policy - states, regions and the EU national adaptations -regional consensus nationalist divergence contradictions and realignments conclusions - political developments and theoretical implications.