Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Illiquid Assets and Optimal Portfolio Choice

The presence of illiquid assets, such as human wealth or a family owned business, complicates the problem of portfolio choice. This paper is concerned with the problem of optimal asset allocation and consumption in a continuous time model when one asset cannot be traded. This illiquid asset, which depends on an uninsurable source of risk, provides a liquid dividend. In the case of human capital we can think about this dividend as labor income. The agent is endowed with a given amount of the illiquid asset and with some liquid wealth which can be allocated in a market where there is a risky and a riskless asset. The main point of the paper is that the optimal allocations to the two liquid assets and consumption will critically depend on the endowment and characteristics of the illiquid asset, in addition to the preferences and to the liquid holdings held by the agent. We provide what we believe to be the first analytical solution to this problem when the agent has power utility of consumption and terminal wealth. We also derive the value that the agent assigns to the illiquid asset. The risk adjusted valuation procedure we develop can be used to value both liquid and illiquid assets, as well as contingent claims on those assets.
Intelligent communication in the Netherlands: Accommodation of large-scale, mass-market 4G applications

This paper describes the recent history of the communication technology innovations in the Netherlands, it describes the establishments and spearheads of the research community in the Freeband program (www.freeband.nl) and expresses the lines and ambitions for future developments and research. Distinguishing feature of Freeband is the collaborative development between industry and academia leading to clear focus and excellence in applications, context awareness and high-speed technologies. We argue that joint R&D programs with public private cooperation can work if they build on a shared vision. As such they can lead to centers of excellence international positioning and a strong knowledge base. We also argue that a focus shift is at hand from defining only research in technological areas to defining research for problems that arise in practical deployments and up scaling from lab environments.
A Cloud-Based Security Service for Smartphones

Over the last years, smartphones have become more and more popular in the private sector and inside companies. But the rising popularity of smartphones also means that the number of threats to those devices rise. Currently several concepts exist to improve the security on smartphones, but since most concepts are still prototypes, they can not be used easily by everybody. Most of these concepts require more substantiate knowledge of the smartphone than most users possess. This thesis introduces an architecture for finding malicious software on smartphones. The architecture utilizes on the advantages of the cloud and offers smartphone user’s the possibility to check their smartphone without severe changes to the physical device. Main design goals for the architecture were the possibility for easy exchangeability and expandability of the detection concept and the centralized appliance of the security scanning. The architecture’s core concepts are to replicate the smartphone and run a malware detection algorithm on a virtual replicate of the smartphone. The user’s interaction is recorded on the smartphone and replayed in the virtual environment. A prototype, implementing the architecture on both the smartphone and inside the cloud, is used to show the feasibility of the proposed architecture, and to demonstrate problems of the approach.
Reducing the Power Consumption of Servers with Bandwidth Consideration

In recent years, cloud computing systems become more and more mature and cloud computing system applications are becoming more widespread. Microsoft, Google, IBM, Amazon has developed applications for the cloud computing environment. The cloud computing environment like a large pool of resources, MapReduce distribute resources in this resource pool to achieve cloud computing. Hadoop MapReduce is a distributing cloud computing system, more and many user this cloud computing system. Green Mater[1] is a resource manager in a cloud computing system which is based on Hadoop MapReduce, Green Master[1] distribute jobs out to the virtual machines with higher computing performance rather than that with lower computing performance. Green Master[2] select virtual machines which have higher performance and assign tasks and reducing virtual machines achieves power-saving effect. This paper focuses on adding network bandwidth in Green Master, we consider the transmission speed of network bandwidth into Green Master and filter out three appropriate virtual machines, and those virtual machines have better performance than Green Master select.
An evolutionary model for pulsar-driven supernova remnants. A hydrodynamical model

We present a model of a pulsar wind nebula evolving inside its associated supernova remnant. The model uses a hydrodynamics code to simulate the evolution of this system when the pulsar has a high velocity. The simulation distinguishes four different stages of pulsar wind nebula evolution: the supersonic expansion stage, the reverse shock interaction stage, the subsonic expansion stage and ultimately the bow shock stage. The simulation bears out that, due to the high velocity of the pulsar, the position of the pulsar is off-centered with respect to its pulsar wind nebula, after the passage of the reverse shock. Subsequently the pulsar wind nebula expands subsonically until the event of the bow shock formation, when the motion of the pulsar becomes supersonic. The bow shock formation event occurs at roughly half the crossing time, when the pulsar is positioned at 0.677 times the radius of the supernova remnant blastwave, in complete agreement with analytical predictions. The crossing time is defined by the age of the supernova remnant when the pulsar overtakes the blastwave bounding the supernova remnant. The results of the model are applied to three supernova remnants: N157B, G327.1-1.1 and W44. We argue that the head of the pulsar wind nebula, containing the active pulsar, inside the first two systems is not bounded by a bow shock. However, in the case of W44 we argue for a scenario in which the pulsar wind nebula is bounded by a bow shock, due to the supersonic motion of the pulsar.
The homo-oligomerisation of both Sas-6 and Ana2 is required for efficient centriole assembly in flies

Sas-6 and Ana2/STIL proteins are required for centriole duplication and the homo-oligomerisation properties of Sas-6 help establish the ninefold symmetry of the central cartwheel that initiates centriole assembly. Ana2/STIL proteins are poorly conserved, but they all contain a predicted Central Coiled-Coil Domain (CCCD). Here we show that the Drosophila Ana2 CCCD forms a tetramer, and we solve its structure to 0.8 Å, revealing that it adopts an unusual parallel-coil topology. We also solve the structure of the Drosophila Sas-6 N-terminal domain to 2.9 Å revealing that it forms higher-order oligomers through canonical interactions. Point mutations that perturb Sas-6 or Ana2 homo-oligomerisation in vitro strongly perturb centriole assembly in vivo. Thus, efficient centriole duplication in flies requires the homo-oligomerisation of both Sas-6 and Ana2, and the Ana2 CCCD tetramer structure provides important information on how these proteins might cooperate to form a cartwheel structure. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07236. 001
Natural language navigation in multimedia archives: an integrated approach

The paper presents the design and prototypical implementation of an integrated retrieval system (HPQS) which provides natural language access to multimedia documents in restricted topic areas. It supports new flexible ways of querying by combining a semantically rich retrieval model based on fuzzy set theory with domain-specific methods for document analysis which can be applied online (i.e. the search criteria are not restricted to combinations of anticipated descriptors). Emphasis is put on the retrieval methodology and on the interplay of the system components: because of its provision of computationally demanding direct search methods, it is crucial to the system that all components cooperate to ensure acceptable response times.
Non-Specific dsRNA-Mediated Antiviral Response in the Honey Bee

Honey bees are essential pollinators of numerous agricultural crops. Since 2006, honey bee populations have suffered considerable annual losses that are partially attributed to Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). CCD is an unexplained phenomenon that correlates with elevated incidence of pathogens, including RNA viruses. Honey bees are eusocial insects that live in colonies of genetically related individuals that work in concert to gather and store nutrients. Their social organization provides numerous benefits, but also facilitates pathogen transmission between individuals. To investigate honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms, we developed an RNA virus infection model and discovered that administration of dsRNA, regardless of sequence, reduced virus infection. Our results suggest that dsRNA, a viral pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP), triggers an antiviral response that controls virus infection in honey bees.
Optimization of a Class of Temporal Queries

Semantic Query Optimization (SQO) dates back to the eighties and basically relies on integrity constraints (mainly functional dependencies) to achieve logical query optimization. Applied to temporal databases with integrity constraints given as temporal functional dependencies (TFDs), SQO turns out to be very difficult in the general case due to the time dimension. Motivated by an application on Intelligent buildings, we have defined a simple class of temporal queries for which SQO techniques apply. Given a temporal database, a set of TFD and a logical temporal query belonging to the class, we propose a new rewriting technique allowing to produce a more efficient query, equivalent to the initial query. Interestingly, the time dimension opens new opportunities for SQO. We apply our proposition to a scenario of Intelligent building (IBs). We point out that temporal databases and TFDs are well-suited for modeling sensor data in IB. We show how IB inhabitants' preferences on their life condition can be naturally represented with TFDs.
ON THE MODELING OF TCP LATENCY AND THROUGHPUT

In this thesis, a new model for the slow start phase based on the discrete evolutions of congestion window is developed. We then integrate this result into our improved TCP steady state model for a better prediction performance. Combining these short and steady state models, we propose an extensive stochastic model which can accurately predict the throughput and latency of the TCP connections as functions of loss rate, round-trip time (RTT), and file size. We validate our model through simulation experiments. The results show that our model's predictions match the simulation results better than the stochastic models in [17, 4], about ± improvement in the accuracy of performance predictions compared with other steady-state models and ¾¼± improvement compared with other short-lived TCP connection models. DEDICATION To my parents and Beryl. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincere thanks goes to Dr. Georgios Lazarou, my major adviser, for his guidance and support. I appreciate his patience while I am trying to find my way out. His insight and knowledge in networks, the social grace with which he delivers his idea are a constant inspiration. I wish to thank my thesis committee members for their valuable suggestions. I especially thank Dr. Nicholas Younan, without his help and long-lasting support, I wouldn't be able to finish my study. My thanks also goes to Mr. Bill Chapman and Mr. Michale Lane for their help on my various kinds of computer questions. I thank my friends, especially Manimaran Selvaraj and Gomathi Anandan. Mani's knowledge in simulation always be my last resort of NS questions. He and Gomathi leaded me to this wonderful L A T E Xworld. I also want to thank my wife, Beryl, whose appearance has changed every aspect of my life. Her support and lovely companionship is another important source of strength for me. This degree is dedicated to my parents, Cheng Rong and Riyong Zheng. They spend all their time and energies on me. Without their devoted love and unstingting sacrifices,
Nuclear factors involved in mitochondrial translation cause a subgroup of combined respiratory chain deficiency

Mutations in several mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis have recently been reported in combined respiratory chain deficiency, indicating a generalized defect in mitochondrial translation. However, the number of patients with pathogenic mutations is small, implying that nuclear defects of mitochondrial translation are either underdiagnosed or intrauterine lethal. No comprehensive studies have been reported on large cohorts of patients with combined respiratory chain deficiency addressing the role of nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis to date. We investigated a cohort of 52 patients with combined respiratory chain deficiency without causative mitochondrial DNA mutations, rearrangements or depletion, to determine whether a defect in mitochondrial translation defines the pathomechanism of their clinical disease. We followed a combined approach of sequencing known nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis (EFG1, EFTu, EFTs, MRPS16, TRMU), as well as performing in vitro functional studies in 22 patient cell lines. The majority of our patients were children (<15 years), with an early onset of symptoms <1 year of age (65%). The most frequent clinical presentation was mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (63%); however, a number of patients showed cardiomyopathy (33%), isolated myopathy (15%) or hepatopathy (13%). Genomic sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid modifying factor (TRMU) in a single patient only, presenting with early onset, reversible liver disease. No pathogenic mutation was detected in any of the remaining 51 patients in the other genes analysed. In vivo labelling of mitochondrial polypeptides in 22 patient cell lines showed overall (three patients) or selective (four patients) defects of mitochondrial translation. Immunoblotting for mitochondrial proteins revealed decreased steady state levels of proteins in some patients, but normal or increased levels in others, indicating a possible compensatory mechanism. In summary, candidate gene sequencing in this group of patients has a very low detection rate (1/52), although in vivo labelling of mitochondrial translation in 22 patient cell lines indicate that a nuclear defect affecting mitochondrial protein synthesis is responsible for about one-third of combined respiratory chain deficiencies (7/22). In the remaining patients, the impaired respiratory chain activity is most likely the consequence of several different events downstream of mitochondrial translation. Clinical classification of patients with biochemical analysis, genetic testing and, more importantly, in vivo labelling and immunoblotting of mitochondrial proteins show incoherent results, but a systematic review of these data in more patients may reveal underlying mechanisms, and facilitate the identification of novel factors involved in combined respiratory chain deficiency.
Approach to Representation of Type-2 Fuzzy Sets Using Computational Methods of Computer Graphics

type-2 fuzzy sets in 3D surfaces that are discretized into triangular faces with planar equations. Size of triangle is difference depending on slope of the surface. Authors proposed practical algorithms to implement operations on type-2 fuzzy sets by designing computational geometry algorithms on TIN. The result is shown and corroborated for robustness of the approach, rendering type-2 fuzzy sets in 3-D environment using OpenSceneGraph SDK.
Specifications of computer programs using Hoare tree formalism

A language for specifying programs is presented. The language uses trees that describe data in terms of data structuring methods suggested by Hoare. These trees separate input data into its constituent parts, then describe the output data in terms of these parts. Specifications can be developed top-downwards into modular specification units. Specification modules can be left undefined, resulting in a partial specification.
Power System Voltage Stability Classification Using Interior Point Method Based Support Vector Machine(IPMSVM)

This paper presents a methodology for the classification of power system voltage stability, the trajectory of which to instability is monotonic, using an interior point method based support vector machine (IPMSVM). The SVM based voltage stability classifier can provide real-time stability identification only using the local measurement data, without the topological information conventionally used.
Co-occurrence of the multicopper oxidases tyrosinase and laccase in lichens in sub-order peltigerineae.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following previous findings of high extracellular redox activity in lichens and the presence of laccases in lichen cell walls, the work presented here additionally demonstrates the presence of tyrosinases. Tests were made for the presence of tyrosinases in 40 species of lichens, and from selected species their cellular location and molecular weights were determined. The effects of stress and inhibitors on enzyme activity were also studied. METHODS Tyrosinase and laccase activities were assayed spectrophotometrically using a variety of substrates. The molecular mass of the enzymes was estimated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. KEY RESULTS Extracellular tyrosinase and laccase activity was measured in 40 species of lichens from different taxonomic groupings and contrasting habitats. Out of 20 species tested from the sub-order Peltigerineae, all displayed significant tyrosinase and laccase activity, while activity was low or absent in other species tested. Representatives from both groups of lichens displayed low peroxidase activities. Identification of the enzymes as tyrosinases was confirmed by the ability of lichen thalli or leachates derived by shaking lichens in distilled water to metabolize substrates such as L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), tyrosine and epinephrine readily in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, the sensitivity of the enzymes to the inhibitors cyanide, azide and hexylresorcinol, activation by SDS and having typical tyrosinase molecular masses of approx. 60 kDa. Comparing different species within the Peltigerineae showed that the activities of tyrosinases and laccase were correlated to each other. Desiccation and wounding stimulated laccase activity, while only wounding stimulated tyrosinase activity. CONCLUSIONS Cell walls of lichens in sub-order Peltigerineae have much higher activities and a greater diversity of cell wall redox enzymes compared with other lichens. Possible roles of tyrosinases include melanization, removal of toxic phenols or quinones, and production of herbivore deterrents.
Decentralized Socialism and Macroeconomic Stability: Lessons from China

Using a survey of 300 state-owned enterprises (SOEs), we argue that the acceleration of inflation in China after 1984 was caused by the decentralization reforms in the state sector. These reforms allowed the SOEs to realize their innate tendencies to over-consume and over-invest. The evidence suggests that the increasing government budget deficits were caused by an upward "wage drift"; and that there has been a decline in production efficiency in the 1984-88 period.
Smoking Risks in Spain: Part Iii - Determinants of Smoking Behavior

Using original survey data from Spain, this paper assesses the determinants of smoking behavior. This study examines the effect on smoking of the most diverse set of risk measures ever considered: lung cancer, relative lung cancer risks, lung disease, heart disease, relative heart disease risks, lost life expectancy to smokers, and various risk measures for passive smoking. Smoking measures include cigarette smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked, and pipe and cigar smoking. Primary smoking risks have a more consistent negative effect on smoking than perceived passive smoking risks.
Notice of RetractionModelling the quality aspects of Internet commerce with customers' shopping experiences

The growth of the World Wide Web gave birth to online businesses and with rapid changes in web technologies, Internet commerce is expected to grow. Despite the growth, many online businesses have failed. Thus, the quality aspects in developing Internet commerce application are very important issues to the success of customers experience initiatives. This review paper analyses the relevant literature on the aspects of quality in Internet commerce in relation to customers' behaviour. The analysis results reveal that the key aspects of quality are system quality, information quality and service quality which have strong effect on customers' behaviour - trust, satisfaction and loyalty. The importance of quality in Internet commerce needs to be valued and accepted in order to mature and improve the electronic service online for customers.
Entomological Investigations in a Focus of Dengue Transmission in Cairns, Queensland, Australia, by Using the Sticky Ovitraps

Abstract Sticky ovitraps (patent pending) were used to sample female Aedes aegypti (L.) weekly in a focus of dengue activity in Cairns, Queensland, Australia. In February 2003, transmission of dengue virus serotype 2 began in the suburb of Parramatta Park, peaking in mid-March 2003. This suburb features many older, unscreened houses with high populations of Ae. aegypti. Highest densities (2–3.5 females per trap per week) were obtained during peak dengue transmission (January and February) before mosquito control was initiated. Beginning in late March, female Ae. aegypti collected in sticky ovitraps were tested for dengue viral RNA by using a TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. Dengue viral RNA was detected in six pools of Ae. aegypti collected in late March. The highest minimum infection rate was 116/1000 mosquitoes. After the initiation of larval control (containers treated with S-methoprene or lambda-cyhalothrin) and adult control (interior harborage sites sprayed with lambda-cyhalothrin) in early March, trap collections dropped to <0.5 per trap per week, and no virus was detected in trapped mosquitoes. Human cases subsequently dropped from a high of seven cases per day in mid-March to only sporadic cases in late April, with the final reported onset of 7 May. Sticky ovitraps have potential as a monitoring device for gravid Ae. aegypti and can be used to assess control efficacy and dengue virus activity. A sticky ovitrap index (mean number of female Ae. Aegypti per trap per week) could be useful in gauging the risk of dengue transmission.
Standardizing synthetic information in privacy enforced lure message

A suspect (apriori known) for a given malafide intention has to be lured into Context honeypot using lure messages. The message is generated in a privacy enforced environment in such a way that it can entice him/her into the Context honeypot. Earlier work advocates the formation of message with genuine and synthetic information. The choice of synthetic information should in no way destroy the opaque characteristic of the system. This paper tries to address this need. Here we (a) propose a framework to generate privacy enforced lure message and (b) conduct experiments in a particular domain with set of test users in choosing the synthetic information. The lure message having the synthetic information is used as bait to lure the test user. The response from the user helps the framework in regulating the synthetic information. The best message thus generated is taken as bait to induce the suspected user. The outcome of the result corroborates usefulness/success of the proposed framework.