Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Energy Aware Data Center using Green Cloud Simulator in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing data centers are becoming popular for the provisioning of computing resources. The cost and operating expenses of data centers have increased with the increase in computing capacity. Several researches and surveys indicate that the energy utilized by computing and communication units within a data center contributes to a considerable portion of the data center operational costs. In this paper, we present a simulation environment for energy aware cloud computing data centers. Along with the workload distribution, the simulator is designed to capture details of the energy consumed by data center components as well as packet-level communication patterns between them. The simulation results obtained for two-tier, three- tier, and three-tier high-speed data center architectures which demonstrate the effectiveness of the simulator in utilizing different power management schema, such as voltage scaling, frequency scaling, and dynamic shutdown. Keywords-Data center, Green Cloud, Energy Efficiency, Simulation
Cutting Force Model Prediction Considering Cutting Edge Parameters Base on Genetic Algorithm

During precise hard cutting, back cutting depth and feed rate are relatively small. Study on the influence of PCBN (Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride) cutting tools edge (chamfer edge or cutting edge radius) on cutting force is important. As the effect of cutting edge on mechanism of shear slip plane is very complicated, so to study the effect of consider cutting edge parameters and cutting parameters by genetic algorithm on cutting force, to build up cutting force model of precise hard cutting. It is feasible to predict cutting force by genetic algorithm with experiment.
An exponential lower bound for a constraint propagation proof system based on ordered binary decision diagrams

Abstract We prove an exponential lower bound on the size of proofs in the proof system operating with ordered binary decision diagrams introduced by Atserias, Kolaitis and Vardi [2]. In fact, the lower bound applies to semantic derivations operating with sets defined by OBDDs. We do not assume any particular format of proofs or ordering of variables, the hard formulas are in CNF. We utilize (somewhat indirectly) feasible interpolation. We define a proof system combining resolution and the OBDD proof system.
Transmission of Salmonella typhimurium in battery-reared chicks.

It was evident from earlier studies that rearing conditions influenced the rate of transmission of salmonellae from infected dayold chicks to penmates. Snoeyenbos et al. (3) reported that ten Salmonella serotypes spread rapidly from infected day-old chicks to penmates reared on new litter; substantially all contact chicks were infected within 1 to 3 weeks. Olesiuk et al. (2) reported that transmission of S. typhimurium from infected day-old chicks to contact penmates was rapid on new litter but very slow on used litter, with only 17 to 65% demonstrated to be infected by 9 or 11 weeks postexposure. Williams (4) stated that "paratyphoid infection, when established in the brooder is rapidly transmitted by inhalation, fecal contamination of feed and water, or direct consumption of fecal matter by young birds. " These studies with S. typhimurium were conducted with day-old chicks to determine the effect of battery rearing on transmission of infection.
A method of tracking maneuver target

The problem of tracking maneuver target has been widely researched in the whole world and a good tracking approach may help to gain the advantage of the battlefield and to track the target effectively. A common flow of process the problem has been provided and a formulation of the tracking problem has been discussed from a different perspective in this paper. We used the data measured to analyze the characters of the target and compute the movement parameters which were used to establish the tracking model of the target. Then a example was given to verify the reasonability of the model established. Finally, some conclusions have been given to explain the future work we will focus on.
Light microscopic examination of scalp hair samples as an aid in the diagnosis of paediatric disorders: retrospective review of more than 300 cases from a single centre

Background: Microscopic examination of scalp hair can provide important diagnostic information in a range of paediatric conditions. It is a non-invasive and cost effective investigation, which is not widely performed. Aims: To examine retrospectively the value of hair examination by light microscopy, including polarising microscopy, in a specialist paediatric pathology department during a 15 year period (1989–2004) and to describe the morphological abnormalities indicative of specific paediatric conditions. Methods: Three hundred and twenty two hair samples were submitted. Microscopic changes were analysed in the light of clinical information categorised as: (1) erythroderma, (2) neurological impairment, (3) immunological/haematological defect, (4) ectodermal dysplasia, (5) abnormal hair only, and (6) non-specific/absent clinical details. Results: Abnormalities were evident in 49% of the samples. In 25%, the changes were compatible with specific diagnoses including Menkes disease, Netherton’s syndrome, trichothiodystrophy, Griscelli and Chediak-Higashi syndromes, monilethrix, uncombable hair, and loose anagen syndromes. In respect of the clinical presentation groups noted above, diagnostic changes were seen in 41%, 32%, 33%, 0%, 29%, and 0%, respectively. Conclusions: Morphological light microscopic examination of scalp hair is an inexpensive, rapid, and non-invasive investigation, which can provide valuable diagnostic information in a range of paediatric conditions.
Improving TCR Gene Therapy for Treatment of Haematological Malignancies

Adoptive immunotherapy using TCR gene modified T cells may allow separation of beneficial Graft versus tumour responses from harmful GvHD. Improvements to this include methods to generate high avidity or high affinity TCR, improvements in vector design and reduction in mispairing. Following adoptive transfer, TCR transduced T cells must be able to survive and persist in vivo to give most effective antitumour responses. Central memory or naive T cells have both been shown to be more effective than effector cells at expanding and persisting in vivo. Lymphodepletion may enhance persistence of transferred T cell populations. TCR gene transfer can be used to redirect CD4 helper T cells, and these could be used in combination with CD8+ tumour specific T cells to provide help for the antitumour response. Antigen specific T regulatory T cells can also be generated by TCR gene transfer and could be used to suppress unwanted alloresponses.
Impact of 5-fluorouracil metabolizing enzymes on chemotherapy in patients with resectable colorectal cancer

Although 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an important drug for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, no useful biomarker is currently available to predict treatment response. Since 5-FU is converted into active or inactive forms by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), a correlation between these enzymes and response to 5-FU has been suggested. However, such a correlation has not been investigated prospectively. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to prospectively evaluate whether OPRT and DPD were predictive factors of the response to 5-FU treatment in patients with resectable CRC. The present investigation was designed as a multicenter prospective cohort study. OPRT and DPD activities were assessed in biopsy samples, obtained surgically from patients with resectable CRC. The OPRT/DPD ratio was calculated and the cut-off values for this ratio were determined for 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients were treated with 5-FU/leucovorin (LV) regimens and oral 5-FU. The endpoint of this study was the correlation between the OPRT/DPD ratio and 5-year DFS and OS. The cut-off value for the OPRT/DPD ratio was determined by using the maximum χ2 statistic method against 5-year DFS and OS. Sixty-eight patients were enrolled from July 2003 to May 2005. The median follow-up period was 1925 days. The OPRT/DPD ratio cut-off values for 5-year DFS and OS were 0.015 and 0.013, respectively. During the 5-year DFS and OS periods, patients with higher cut-off values had a better prognosis than those with lower ratios (P=0.03 and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that the OPRT/DPD ratio could be a predictive factor for response to 5-FU/LV adjuvant chemotherapy.
Braking performance and influence of microstructure of advanced cast irons for heavy goods vehicle brake discs

It is well known that truck brakes dissipate several megajoules of energy every few seconds, which leads to high thermal stresses in the rubbing parts. Therefore, premature failure by cracking of truck brake discs is a matter of major concern. Improving the design and material of brake discs may enhance braking performance. This study focuses on the latter aspect and was carried out with the aim of developing new material solutions for increasing disc lifespan. To do so, braking experiments were conducted on a specially designed braking tribometer. The brake pads that were used were made from a commercial brake lining material. Two advanced cast irons with different graphite morphology were studied in comparison with the lamellar grey cast iron commonly used for brake disc. To verify the friction and thermal behaviour of the two cast irons, braking tests were carried out as a series of stop-brakings with increasing dissipated power and energy and as a series of slowdowns to achieve heat accumulation effects. Thermal phenomena were studied through bulk temperature measurements and infrared monitoring of the disc surface. Friction behaviour, braking performance and variations in thermal loading were analysed in relation to the level of energy dissipation. The two advanced cast irons and lamellar cast iron had equivalent braking performance and stored similar amounts of heat, according to their thermophysical properties. Observations of the rubbing surfaces indicated damage mechanisms affected by the graphite morphology. Less plastic deformation on the surface was observed with an interdendritic graphite.
Taxonomy Development in Information Systems: A Literature Survey and Problem Statement

The complexity of the information systems field often lends itself to classification schemes, or taxonomies, which provide ways to understand the similarities and differences among objects under study. Developing a taxonomy, however, is a complex process that is often done in an ad hoc way. This research-in-progress paper surveys 65 papers in information systems, computer science, and business to identify methods used for taxonomy development. Our analysis of this survey indicates that there is considerable interest in taxonomies, but formal development procedures are not always used. We conclude that such a procedure would be beneficial for the information systems discipline, and we present a problem statement for defining a procedure. We also describe our current research on this problem, which we hope will lead to an approach for the systematic development of taxonomies. As both taxonomies (i.e., models) and taxonomy development procedures (i.e., methods) represent artifacts, this paper serves to illustrate an analysis that provides a foundation for applying the design science research paradigm and to theorize about IT artifacts observed (i.e., instantiations).
MarketSAT: An Extremely Decentralized (but Really Slow) Algorithm for Propositional Satisfiability

We describe MarketSAT, a highly decentralized, marketbased algorithm for propositional satisfiability . The approach is based on a formulation of satisfiability as production on a supply chain, where producers of particular variable assignments must acquire licenses to fail to satisfy particular clauses. MarketSAT employs a market protocol for general supply chain problems, which we show to be expressively equivalent to 3SAT. Experiments suggest that MarketSAT reliably converges to market allocations corresponding to satisfiable truth assignments. We experimentally compare the computational performance with GSAT, a centralized local search algorithm.
[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in patients with solid organ transplantation: a clinical, neurophysiological and neuropathological study of 4 cases].

INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) rarely develops in patients with solid organ transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHOD We describe the clinical, biological, electrophysiological and neuropathological features of 4 patients with solid organ transplantation who developed CIDP. Two patients had liver transplantation, one had kidney transplantation and one had lung transplantation. RESULTS All 4 patients developed in the months following transplantation a syndrome that fulfilled criteria for definite CIDP. All patients had immunosuppressive therapy, with ciclosporin + prednisolone in 2 cases, tacrolimus in 1 case and azathioprine + prednisolone + ciclosporin in one case. One patient had chronic HCV and HBV infection. Treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and/or a change in immunosuppressive therapy improved the neuropathy in all cases. CONCLUSION CIDP is a rare and potentially treatable condition that should be considered in all patients with solid organ transplantation who develop a rapidly disabling sensorimotor polyneuropathy.
Circular RNAs: analysis, expression and potential functions

Just a few years ago, it had been assumed that the dominant RNA isoforms produced from eukaryotic genes were variants of messenger RNA, functioning as intermediates in gene expression. In early 2012, however, a surprising discovery was made: circular RNA (circRNA) was shown to be a transcriptional product in thousands of human and mouse genes and in hundreds of cases constituted the dominant RNA isoform. Subsequent studies revealed that the expression of circRNAs is developmentally regulated, tissue and cell-type specific, and shared across the eukaryotic tree of life. These features suggest important functions for these molecules. Here, we describe major advances in the field of circRNA biology, focusing on the regulation of and functional roles played by these molecules. Summary: This Primer outlines the discovery, roles and regulation of circular RNAs, focussing on their potential functions during development.
Characterization of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and HCV E2 Interactions with CD81 and the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV) or HCV–low-density lipoprotein (LDL) complexes interact with the LDL receptor (LDLr) and the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 interacts with CD81 in vitro. However, E2 interactions with LDLr and HCV interactions with CD81 have not been clearly described. Using sucrose gradient-purified low-density particles (1.03 to 1.07 g/cm3), intermediate-density particles (1.12 to 1.18 g/cm3), recombinant E2 protein, or control proteins, we assessed binding to MOLT-4 cells, foreskin fibroblasts, or LDLr-deficient foreskin fibroblasts at 4°C by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Viral entry was determined by measuring the coentry of α-sarcin, a protein synthesis inhibitor. We found that low-density HCV particles, but not intermediate-density HCV or controls bound to MOLT-4 cells and fibroblasts expressing the LDLr. Binding correlated with the extent of cellular LDLr expression and was inhibited by LDL but not by soluble CD81. In contrast, E2 binding was independent of LDLr expression and was inhibited by human soluble CD81 but not mouse soluble CD81 or LDL. Based on confocal microscopy, we found that low-density HCV particles and LDL colocalized on the cell surface. The addition of low-density HCV but not intermediate-density HCV particles to MOLT-4 cells allowed coentry of α-sarcin, indicating viral entry. The amount of viral entry also correlated with LDLr expression and was independent of the CD81 expression. Using a solid-phase immunoassay, recombinant E2 protein did not interact with LDL. Our data indicate that E2 binds CD81; however, virus particles utilize LDLr for binding and entry. The specific mechanism by which HCV particles interact with LDL or the LDLr remains unclear.
Amplified two-photon brightness in organic multicomponent nanoparticles

In this study, we demonstrate how to easily obtain multicomponent fluorescent organic nanoparticles displaying an excitation energy-transfer cascade between the different molecular components. The use of an optically neutral polymer as a dopant helps to increase the colloidal stability of the water suspensions and to slow the loss of luminescence over time. In particular, core@shell@shell ternary nanoparticles are designed and investigated, providing strongly increased luminescence in the red spectral region. The two-photon brightness of the ternary nanoparticles is greatly enhanced with respect to that of the single-component nanoparticles. In addition, these ternary nanoparticles can be two-photon excited over a broad spectral range (from 600 nm to 1200 nm) inside the biological transparency window. This property, together with the good colloidal stability in aqueous suspension, suggests that these fully organic multicomponent nanosystems can be highly promising nanoprobes for use in bioimaging applications.
The antioxidants dilemma: are they potentially immunosuppressants and carcinogens?

Antioxidants and a large number of natural supplements were introduced in recent decades (Lu et al., 2013). It has been hypothesized that antioxidant consumption might reverse oxidative stress which decreases the adverse effects elicited as outcomes of oxidative stress including inflammation, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis (Ghorbanihaghjo et al., 2012; Bjelakovic et al., 2014). A large number of studies have been conducted in order to convey evidence for beneficial effects of antioxidants in health and disease (Bjelakovic et al., 2012). However, most of these studies were conducted for a short time interval evaluating limited numbers of targeted biochemical markers both in animal and human studies. Only a small number of prolonged cohort studies have been performed to critically assess the effects of chronic consumption of antioxidants. Unexpectedly, in a recently published systematic review by Bjelakovic et al. on 78 randomized clinical trials on antioxidants supplementation including selenium, β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin E, not only have no favorable effects been observed, but additionally, mortality rates have risen (Bjelakovic and Gluud, 2007; Bjelakovic et al., 2012). Surprisingly, it has been shown that antioxidant supplementation may increase the risk of skin malignancy in women (Hercberg et al., 2007). There are also a number of reports, in which a history of longtime supplementation with carotenoids has increased risk of malignancy in smokers and patients with tuberculosis (Albanes et al., 1996; Omenn et al., 1996; Holick et al., 2002; Shiels et al., 2011). Natural and green products are assumed to be harmless in common belief. The general faith toward the health benefits of products containing antioxidants is partly because of misinformation conveyed by industries manufacturing these food products, which promoted putative overuse of these products as dietary supplements. However, the harmful effects of these products have remained obscured for unknown reasons (Lu et al., 2013). It is crucial to emphasize the harmful effects of the chronic consumption of antioxidants, including potential toxicity, in addition to promotion of potential benefits. According to Watson “the time has come to seriously ask whether antioxidant use much more likely causes than prevents cancer” (Watson, 2013). In this article we have tried to discuss probable mechanisms by which chronic antioxidant consumption provokes adverse effects. We have attempted to depict the role of antioxidants in a comprehensive model of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Protein Is Packaged into the Nucleoprotein Complex through an Interaction with Viral Genomic RNA

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vif protein plays a critical role in the production of infectious virions. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of small amounts of Vif in virus particles. However, Vif packaging was assumed to be nonspecific, and its functional significance has been questioned. We now report that packaging of Vif is dependent on the packaging of viral genomic RNA in both permissive and restrictive HIV-1 target cells. Mutations in the nucleocapsid zinc finger domains that abrogate packaging of viral genomic RNA abolished packaging of Vif. Additionally, an RNA packaging-defective virus exhibited significantly reduced packaging of Vif. Finally, deletion of a putative RNA-interacting domain in Vif abolished packaging of Vif into virions. Virion-associated Vif was resistant to detergent extraction and copurified with components of the viral nucleoprotein complex and functional reverse transcription complexes. Thus, Vif is specifically packaged into virions as a component of the viral nucleoprotein complex. Our data suggest that the specific association of Vif with the viral nucleoprotein complex might be functionally significant and could be a critical requirement for infectivity of viruses produced from restrictive host cells.
Wood Sandwich Constructions Subjected to Small Caliber Impact

The behavior of wooden constructions under accidental actions has not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, the suitability of wooden elements for structural protection and the behavior of wood under high strain rates are mostly unknown. This raises the question whether buildings made of wooden materials are sufficiently resistant to prevent collapse in situations of danger and threat resulting in high dynamic actions. In this contribution former findings as well as the increase in the resistance of different types of wood materials under high strain rates are discussed. In addition, the results of ballistic field tests and the suitability of wooden constructions for structural protection against small caliber impact are presented. These tests were conducted on wood-based sandwich constructions by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics and Structural Mechanics, University of the Bundeswehr, Munich. The wood sandwich constructions consist of three-layered concrete shuttering panels, made of spruce wood filled with different materials. The fillings comprise mainly granular media which can easily be filled into the constructions. Additionally, alternative configurations were tested.