Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Design Space of Network Mobility

While the Internet is increasingly mobile, seamless mobility is difficult to implement at Internet scale. Over the years, standards bodies and the research community have introduced a large and confusing collection of mobility proposals that are difficult to compare. In this tutorial, we present these mobility proposals in a uniform framework, called the geomorphic view of networking. The geomorphic view shows that there are two distinct patterns for implementing mobility, each with its own range of design choices and cost-benefit trade-offs. We use these patterns to classify and explain a representative sample of mobility mechanisms, abstractly yet precisely. The patterns also serve as a basis for evaluating properties of these mechanisms such as resource costs and scalability, and for considering composition of mobility mechanisms.
An Energy-Efficient Memory Unit for Clustered Microarchitectures

Whereas clustered microarchitectures themselves have been extensively studied, the memory units for these clustered microarchitectures have received relatively little attention. This article discusses some of the inherent challenges of clustered memory units and shows how these can be overcome. Clustered memory pipelines work well with the late allocation of load/store queue entries and physically unordered queues. Yet this approach has characteristic problems such as queue overflows and allocation patterns that lead to deadlocks. We propose techniques to solve each of these problems and show that a distributed memory unit can offer significant energy savings and speedups over a centralized unit. For instance, compared to a centralized cache with a load/store queue of 64/24 entries, our four-cluster distributed memory unit with load/store queues of 16/8 entries each consumes 31 percent less energy and performs 4,7 percent better on SPECint and consumes 36 percent less energy and performs 7 percent better for SPECfp.
Do Green Products Make Us Better People?

Consumer choices reflect not only price and quality preferences but also social and moral values, as witnessed in the remarkable growth of the global market for organic and environmentally friendly products. Building on recent research on behavioral priming and moral regulation, we found that mere exposure to green products and the purchase of such products lead to markedly different behavioral consequences. In line with the halo associated with green consumerism, results showed that people act more altruistically after mere exposure to green products than after mere exposure to conventional products. However, people act less altruistically and are more likely to cheat and steal after purchasing green products than after purchasing conventional products. Together, our studies show that consumption is connected to social and ethical behaviors more broadly across domains than previously thought.
Predictors of outcome for patients with COPD requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.

INTRODUCTION Accurate outcomes data and predictors of outcomes are fundamental to the effective care of patients with COPD and in guiding them and their families through end-of-life decisions. DESIGN We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 166 patients using prospectively gathered data in patients with COPD who required mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure of diverse etiologies. RESULTS The in-hospital mortality rate for the entire cohort was 28% but fell to 12% for patients with a COPD exacerbation and without a comorbid illness. Univariate analysis showed a higher mortality rate among those patients who required > 72 h of mechanical ventilation (37% vs 16%; p < 0.01), those without previous episodes of mechanical ventilation (33% vs 11%; p < 0.01), and those with a failed extubation attempt (36% vs 7%; p = 0.0001). With multiple logistical regression, higher acute physiology score measured 6 h after the onset of mechanical ventilation, presence of malignancy, presence of APACHE (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) II-associated comorbidity, and the need for mechanical ventilation > or = 72 h were independent predictors of poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that among variables available within the first 6 h of mechanical ventilation, the presence of comorbidity and a measure of the severity of the acute illness are predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure. The occurrence of extubation failure or the need for mechanical ventilation beyond 72 h also portends a worse prognosis.
Predicting the Performance of IDA* with Conditional Distributions

(Korf, Reid, and Edelkamp 2001) introduced a formula to predict the number of nodes IDA* will expand given the static distribution of heuristic values. Their formula proved to be very accurate but it is only accurate under the following limitations: (1) the heuristic must be consistent; (2) the prediction is for a large random sample of start states (or for large thresholds). In this paper we generalize the static distribution to a conditional distribution of heuristic values. We then propose a new formula for predicting the performance of IDA* that works well for inconsistent heuristics (Zahavi et al. 2007) and for any set of start states, not just a random sample. We also show how the formula can be enhanced to work well for single start states. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of our method in all these situations.
Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion

Objective: Our objective was to formulate practice guidelines for the treatment and prevention of pediatric obesity. Conclusions: We recommend defining overweight as body mass index (BMI) in at least the 85th percentile but < the 95th percentile and obesity as BMI in at least the 95th percentile against routine endocrine studies unless the height velocity is attenuated or inappropriate for the family background or stage of puberty; referring patients to a geneticist if there is evidence of a genetic syndrome; evaluating for obesity-associated comorbidities in children with BMI in at least the 85th percentile; and prescribing and supporting intensive lifestyle (dietary, physical activity, and behavioral) modification as the prerequisite for any treatment. We suggest that pharmacotherapy (in combination with lifestyle modification) be considered in: 1) obese children only after failure of a formal program of intensive lifestyle modification; and 2) overweight children only if severe comorbidities persist despite intensive lifestyle modification, particularly in children with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes or premature cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapy should be provided only by clinicians who are experienced in the use of antiobesity agents and aware of the potential for adverse reactions. We suggest bariatric surgery for adolescents with BMI above 50 kg/m2, or BMI above 40 kg/m2 with severe comorbidities in whom lifestyle modifications and/or pharmacotherapy have failed. Candidates for surgery and their families must be psychologically stable and capable of adhering to lifestyle modifications. Access to experienced surgeons and sophisticated multidisciplinary teams who assess the benefits and risks of surgery is obligatory. We emphasize the prevention of obesity by recommending breast-feeding of infants for at least 6 months and advocating that schools provide for 60 min of moderate to vigorous daily exercise in all grades. We suggest that clinicians educate children and parents through anticipatory guidance about healthy dietary and activity habits, and we advocate for restricting the availability of unhealthy food choices in schools, policies to ban advertising unhealthy food choices to children, and community redesign to maximize opportunities for safe walking and bike riding to school, athletic activities, and neighborhood shopping.
Automatic application-specific microarchitecture reconfiguration

Applications for constrained embedded systems are subject to strict time constraints and restrictive resource utilization. With soft core processors, application developers can customize the processor for their application, constrained by resources but aimed at high application performance. With such freedom in the design space of the processor, however, comes complexity. We present here an automatic optimization technique that helps the developers with the processor microarchitecture customization. A naive approach exploring all possible configurations is exponential with the number of parameters and hence is clearly infeasible, even with only tens of reconfigurable parameters. Instead, our approach runs in time that is linear with the number of parameter values, based on an assumption of parameter independence. This makes the approach feasible and scalable. For the dimensions that we customize, namely application runtime and hardware resources, we formulate their costs as a constrained binary integer nonlinear optimization program. Though the results are not guaranteed to be optimal, we find they are near-optimal in practice. Our technique itself is general and can be applied to other design-space exploration problems
Long‐Term Outcome After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The McGill Interdisciplinary Prospective Study

ObjectiveTo obtain a comprehensive understanding of long-term outcome after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). ParticipantsForty-six patients with sTBI. DesignComparison of interdisciplinary evaluation results at discharge from acute care and at 2 to 5 year follow-up. Main MeasuresExtended Glasgow Outcome Scale, the FIM™ instrument, and the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised. ResultsSignificant improvement was observed on the FIM™ instrument, the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale, and on 3 factors of the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised. These measures at discharge were significant predictors of outcome. ConclusionPatients with sTBI 2 to 5 years postinjury showed relatively good physical and functional outcome but poorer cognitive and emotional outcome.
Closed Orbits and uniform S-instability in Geometric Invariant Theory

In this paper we consider various problems involving the action of a reductive group $G$ on an affine variety $V$. We prove some general rationality results about the $G$-orbits in $V$. In addition, we extend fundamental results of Kempf and Hesselink regarding optimal destabilizing parabolic subgroups of $G$ for such general $G$-actions. We apply our general rationality results to answer a question of Serre concerning the behaviour of his notion of $G$-complete reducibility under separable field extensions. Applications of our new optimality results also include a construction which allows us to associate an optimal destabilizing parabolic subgroup of $G$ to any subgroup of $G$. Finally, we use these new optimality techniques to provide an answer to Tits' Centre Conjecture in a special case.
XRCE's Participation at Medical Image Modality Classification and Ad-hoc Retrieval Tasks of Image CLEF2011

The aim of this document is to describe our methods used in the Medical Image Modality Classification and Ad-hoc Image Retrieval Tasks of ImageClef 2011. The main novelty in medical image modality classification this year was, that there were more classes (18 modalities) organized in a hierarchy and for some categories only few annotated examples were available. Therefore, our strategy in image categorization was to use a semi-supervised approach. In our experiments, we investigated mono-modal (text and image) and mixed modality based classification. The image classification was based on Fisher Vectors built on SIFT-like local orientation histograms and local color statistics. For text representation we used a binarized bag-ofwords representation where each element indicated whether the term appeared in the image caption or not. In the case of multi-modal classification, we simply averaged the text and image classification scores. For the ad-hoc retrieval task, we used the image captions for text retrieval and Fisher Vectors for visual similarity and modality detection. Our text runs were based on a late fusion of dierent state of the art text experts and the Lexical Entailment model. This Lexical Entailement model used the last year articles to compute similarities between terms and rank first at the previous challenge. Concerning the submitted runs, we realized that we forgot by inadvertance 3 , to submit our best run from last year [3]. We did not submit either improvement over this run, which was proposed in [6]. Overall, this explain the medium performance of our submitted runs. In this document, we show that our system from last year and its improvements would have achieve top performance. We have not tuned the parameter of this system for this year task, we have just evaluated the runs we did not submit
Parallel Maximum Clique Algorithms with Applications to Network Analysis

We present a fast, parallel maximum clique algorithm for large sparse graphs that is designed to exploit characteristics of social and information networks. The method exhibits a roughly linear runtime scaling over real-world networks ranging from a thousand to a hundred million nodes. In a test on a social network with 1.8 billion edges, the algorithm finds the largest clique in about 20 minutes. At its heart the algorithm employs a branch-and-bound strategy with novel and aggressive pruning techniques. The pruning techniques include the combined use of core numbers of vertices along with a good initial heuristic solution to remove the vast majority of the search space. In addition, the exploration of the search tree is parallelized. During the search, processes immediately communicate changes to upper and lower bounds on the size of the maximum clique. This exchange of information occasionally results in a superlinear speedup because tasks with large search spaces can be pruned by other processes. We de.
Development of a prostate cDNA microarray and statistical gene expression analysis package

A cDNA microarray comprising 5184 different cDNAs spotted onto nylon membrane filters was developed for prostate gene expression studies. The clones used for arraying were identified by cluster analysis of > 35 000 prostate cDNA library–derived expressed sequence tags (ESTs) present in the dbEST database maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Total RNA from two cell lines, prostate line 8.4 and melanoma line UACC903, was used to make radiolabeled probe for filter hybridizations. The absolute intensity of each individual cDNA spot was determined by phosphorimager scanning and evaluated by a bioinformatics package developed specifically for analysis of cDNA microarray experimentation. Results indicated 89% of the genes showed intensity levels above background in prostate cells compared with only 28% in melanoma cells. Replicate probe preparations yielded results with correlation values ranging from r = 0.90 to 0.93 and coefficient of variation ranging from 16 to 28%. Findings indicate that among others, the keratin 5 and vimentin genes were differentially expressed between these two divergent cell lines. Follow‐up northern blot analysis verified these two expression changes, thereby demonstrating the reliability of this system. We report the development of a cDNA microarray system that is sensitive and reliable, demonstrates a low degree of variability, and is capable of determining verifiable gene expression differences between two distinct human cell lines. This system will prove useful for differential gene expression analysis in prostate‐derived cells and tissue. Mol. Carcinog. 28:12–22, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effect of Divergence in Feed Efficiency on the Intestinal Microbiota and the Intestinal Immune Response in Both Unchallenged and Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Ileal and Colonic Explants

Feed efficiency is an important trait in pig production, with evidence to suggest that the efficiencies of a variety of biological systems contribute to variation in this trait. Little work has been conducted on the contribution of the intestinal innate immune response to divergence in feed efficiency. Hence, the objective of this study was to examine select bacterial populations and gene expression profiles of a range of targets relating to gut health and immunity in the intestine of pigs phenotypically divergent in feed efficiency in: a) the basal state; and (b) following an ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of ileal and colonic tissue. Male pigs (initial BW 22.4 kg (SD = 2.03)) were fed a standard finishing diet for the final 43 days prior to slaughter to evaluate feed intake and growth for the purpose of calculating residual feed intake (RFI). On day 115, 16 animals (average weight 85 kg, SEM 2.8 kg), designated high RFI (HRFI) and low RFI (LRFI) were slaughtered. The LRFI pigs had increased lactobacillus spp. in the caecum compared to HRFI pigs (P < 0.05). RFI groups did not differ in the expression of the measured genes involved in the innate immune system in the basal ileal or colonic tissues (P > 0.10). Interestingly, there was an interaction between RFI and LPS for the cytokines IL-8, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and SOCS3, with the LRFI group having consistently lower gene expression in the colon following the LPS challenge, compared to the HRFI group. The lower gene expression of SOCS and cytokines following an ex vivo LPS challenge supports the theory that a possible energy saving mechanism exists in the intestinal innate immune response to an immune challenge in more feed efficient pigs.
A Divergence Critic for Inductive Proof

Inductive theorem provers often diverge. This paper describes a simple critic, a computer program which monitors the construction of inductive proofs attempting to identify diverging proof attempts. Divergence is recognized by means of a "difference matching" procedure. The critic then proposes lemmas and generalizations which "ripple" these differences away so that the proof can go through without divergence. The critic enables the theorem prover Spike to prove many theorems completely automatically from the definitions alone.
A new cytotoxin from Bacillus cereus that may cause necrotic enteritis

A cytotoxin (CytK) has been isolated from a Bacillus cereus strain that caused a severe food poisoning outbreak killing three people. A protein of 34 kDa was highly cytotoxic, and the addition of other secreted proteins gave no synergistic effect. CytK was also necrotic and haemolytic. No known B. cereus enterotoxins were produced by this strain. A DNA sequence from 1.8 kb upstream to 0.2 kb downstream of the toxin gene was sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the toxin showed similarity to Staphylococcus aureus leucocidins, γ‐haemolysin and α‐haemolysin, Clostridium perfringensβ‐toxin and B. cereus haemolysin II, all belonging to a family of β‐barrel channel‐forming toxins. There was no sequence similarity between CytK and enterotoxins of B. cereus. The upstream sequence contained a partial sequence of a putative histidine kinase gene. A recognition site for PlcR, which regulates the transcription of enterotoxins HBL and Nhe of B. cereus, was found in the promoter region of the toxin. This new cytotoxin may be responsible for a disease that is similar to, although not as severe as, the necrotic enteritis caused by the β‐toxin of C. perfringens type C.
Remarks on the Concept of Robust Algorithm

Spinrad’s notion of a robust algorithm that efficiently computes a difficult function on a difficult-to-recognize class of inputs is examined. The inputs may be graphs or other types of finite objects such as CNF formulas. For a large class of functions, the existence of such a robust algorithm is essentially equivalent to the existence of efficiently recognizable disjoint sets that separate inputs with different function values. Acknowledgements: The first version of this paper was written while the second named author was associated with a research program supported by the DFG at the Institute of Theoretical Computer Science, University of Rostock, Germany. The work of the third named author is supported by the Austrian Science Fund, P13417-MAT.
Navigating actors in mobile sensor actor networks

Sensor actor networks (SANET) are composed of (mobile) sensors and actors which coordinate via wireless communications to perform distributed sensing and acting tasks. This paper investigates the issue of navigating mobile actors within a mobile SANET in response to dynamic sensing events so as to optimize specific networking performance and/or to balance the actuation workload. In particular, we describe a polynomial-time algorithm that computes an optimal position, in terms of the minimum average hop-count, in a SANET of stationary sensors with complete location information. We then extend the theoretical results tostudy online scenarios and describe heuristic navigation algorithms that continuously compute mobile actors' trajectories by having both the actors and the sensors participate in the trajectory computation. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed navigation algorithms.
Recognition of faciobrachial dystonic seizures allowing early intervention with prevention of development of full‐blown limbic encephalitis

Limbic encephalitis is a group of disorders characterized by subacute onset of seizures, cognitive decline, and personality changes. In a subset of these disorders, specific autoantibodies directed against surface-expressed neuronal proteins (including ion channels or ion channel–associated molecules) can been detected. Recent studies have begun to define the clinical and molecular characteristics of the variant subtypes, allowing for early recognition and appropriate treatment. In the reviewed article, Irani et al. describe the distinctive seizure semiology preceding limbic encephalitis associated with voltage-gated potassium channel/LGI1-antibodies. The authors present 29 patients (age 36–83 years; median, 64 years) who demonstrated frequent (occurring at a median of 50/per day), brief (usually <3 seconds) motor attacks termed faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDSs). These involved the arm and commonly also the ipsilateral face. They could affect either side but were always unilateral on any occasion. Vocalizations at the start of the FBDS were present in one-quarter of patients. Auditory stimuli or high emotion could trigger attacks. Loss of awareness was not a characteristic feature. Ictal electroencephalography (EEG) demonstrated epileptiform abnormalities with spike-wave activity over fronto-/temporal regions. Medial temporal lobe high-T2 signal changes were present on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in about one-half of the cases. Concomitant hyponatremia was typical. Seizures generally did not respond to antiepileptic treatment; however, response to immunotherapy was excellent. This new entity narrows the gap between movement disorders and epilepsy syndromes. The paper thus is of particular relevance for experts from both fields. The authors delineate the newly-recognized distinct clinical phenotype of the so-called FBDSs. Videos accompanying the article demonstrate their stereotypic pattern. Phenotypic similarities to paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias (PKDs) may be appreciated and it is important not to confuse the 2 disorders. PKD usually has early onset, while the average onset age of FBDS preceding limbic encephalitis was in late adulthood in this series. Notably, if untreated, after about 1 month, three-quarters of patients developed limbic encephalitis. Thus, recognition of this phenotype is important as it allows early intervention, thus preventing the development of amnesia and confusion. Notably, while antiepileptic treatment does not seem to reduce seizure activity, long-term immunotherapy has been shown to be beneficial. The article sheds further light on limbic encephalitis. Similarly, the characteristic movement disorders associated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor encephalitis have been recognized in recent years and we look forward to more publications on this interesting topic.