Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to be a Good Academic Citizen: The Role and Importance of Service in Academia

Although graduate students and new faculty members are told that service is an important and necessary part of academe, many are warned not to take on too many service commitments because doing so will interfere with their scholarship and teaching. Consequently, many graduate students and junior faculty members come to perceive service as both less meaningful and less important to their careers. Unfortunately, this attitude is detrimental because many service activities can help enhance professional development, facilitate professional connections, and strengthen one’s scholarship and teaching. This essay provides a framework for graduate students and junior faculty to use to help develop a strategic service agenda early in their career that will help advance their professional goals.
Facial Expression Classification Based on Multi Artificial Neural Network and Two Dimensional Principal Component Analysis

Facial expression classification is a kind of image classification and it has received much attention, in recent years. There are many approaches to solve these problems with aiming to increase efficient classification. One of famous suggestions is described as first step, project image to different spaces; second step, in each of these spaces, images are classified into responsive class and the last step, combine the above classified results into the final result. The advantages of this approach are to reflect fulfill and multiform of image classified. In this paper, we use 2D-PCA and its variants to project the pattern or image into different spaces with different grouping strategies. Then we develop a model which combines many Neural Networks applied for the last step. This model evaluates the reliability of each space and gives the final classification conclusion. Our model links many Neural Networks together, so we call it Multi Artificial Neural Network (MANN). We apply our proposal model for 6 basic facial expressions on JAFFE database consisting 213 images posed by 10 Japanese female models.
p130Cas alters the differentiation potential of mammary luminal progenitors by deregulating c‐Kit activity

It has recently been proposed that defective differentiation of mammary luminal progenitors predisposes to basal‐like breast cancer. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved are still unclear. Here, we describe that the adaptor protein p130Cas is a crucial regulator of mouse mammary epithelial cell (MMEC) differentiation. Using a transgenic mouse model, we show that forced p130Cas overexpression in the luminal progenitor cell compartment results in the expansion of luminal cells, which aberrantly display basal cell features and reduced differentiation in response to lactogenic stimuli. Interestingly, MMECs overexpressing p130Cas exhibit hyperactivation of the tyrosine kinase receptor c‐Kit. In addition, we demonstrate that the constitutive c‐Kit activation alone mimics p130Cas overexpression, whereas c‐Kit downregulation is sufficient to re‐establish proper differentiation of p130Cas overexpressing cells. Overall, our data indicate that high levels of p130Cas, via abnormal c‐Kit activation, promote mammary luminal cell plasticity, thus providing the conditions for the development of basal‐like breast cancer. Consistently, p130Cas is overexpressed in human triple‐negative breast cancer, further suggesting that p130Cas upregulation may be a priming event for the onset of basal‐like breast cancer. STEM Cells2013;31:1422–1433
IL-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab improves treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumour necrosis factor biologicals: results from a 24-week multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial

Objectives: The phase III RADIATE study examined the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist therapy. Methods: 499 patients with inadequate response to one or more TNF antagonists were randomly assigned to receive 8 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg tocilizumab or placebo (control) intravenously every 4 weeks with stable methotrexate for 24 weeks. ACR20 responses, secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were assessed. Results: ACR20 was achieved at 24 weeks by 50.0%, 30.4% and 10.1% of patients in the 8 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and control groups, respectively (less than p<0.001 both tocilizumab groups versus control). At week 4 more patients achieved ACR20 in 8 mg/kg tocilizumab versus controls (less than p = 0.001). Patients responded regardless of most recently failed anti-TNF or the number of failed treatments. DAS28 remission (DAS28 <2.6) rates at week 24 were clearly dose related, being achieved by 30.1%, 7.6% and 1.6% of 8 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and control groups (less than p = 0.001 for 8 mg/kg and p = 0.053 for 4 mg/kg versus control). Most adverse events were mild or moderate with overall incidences of 84.0%, 87.1% and 80.6%, respectively. The most common adverse events with higher incidence in tocilizumab groups were infections, gastrointestinal symptoms, rash and headache. The incidence of serious adverse events was higher in controls (11.3%) than in the 8 mg/kg (6.3%) and 4 mg/kg (7.4%) groups. Conclusion: Tocilizumab plus methotrexate is effective in achieving rapid and sustained improvements in signs and symptoms of RA in patients with inadequate response to TNF antagonists and has a manageable safety profile. Trial registration number: NCT00106522.
Sociolinguistic convergence and social interactions within a group of preschoolers: A longitudinal study

Abstract Sociolinguistic studies have shown that linguistic usage is closely related to social relationships and interactions between individuals. This has been established in adults and adolescents but developmental studies involving children are lacking. This paper studies whether and how peers influence the acquisition of social dialects in young children by using direct observations and quantitative analyses of spontaneous peer interactions and relationships at kindergarten. The longitudinal follow-up of one group of French-speaking children 4 to 5 years of age shows that the individual scores of sociolinguistic variables converge after one year of frequent contact. Moreover, we find that children who interact more frequently adopt similar usage of sociolinguistic variables, whereas other factors have no influence (teacher's speech, child's awareness of standard sociolinguistics norms, reported interpersonal attraction). These results provide the first evidence that social interactions within the peer group do have an influence on children's linguistic usage through daily interactions at an early age.
Magnetic momentum management for a geostationary satellite platform

The attitude control system of three-axis stabilized geostationary platforms is usually based on a set of reaction wheels, the operation of which requires periodic desaturation maneuvers in order to dump the angular momentum accumulated because of external secular disturbance torques. The need for such maneuvers can be minimized by careful design of the satellite platform. In this paper, the control issues associated with the adoption of a magnetic actuator for (partial) momentum dumping on a geostationary platform are discussed, with specific reference to the robustness issues arising due to the highly uncertain space environment at GEO altitude.
The diversity and pattern of glia during axon pathway formation in the drosophila embryo

Enhancer trap lines have been used to generate a collection of molecular lineage markers specific for different subsets of glia in the Drosophila embryo. Using these markers, we have been able to describe the diversity and pattern of glia along the major axon pathways in the embraynic central and peripheral nervous system. Just as these and other studies show the great diversity of embryonic glia, so too the enhancer trap lines described here point to a remarkable degree of molecular heterogeneity, and probably a concomitant functional specificity, of the embryonic glia.
Microprocessor-Based Fuzzy Decentralized Control of 2-D Piezo-Driven Systems

In this paper, the trajectory tracking of a 2-D piezo-driven system (2DPDS) using microprocessor-based fuzzy decentralized control (MBFDC) is developed. It is known that the piezoelectric actuator contains hysteresis, which is not one-to-one mapping and memoryless nonlinearity. Due to this nonlinearity and the coupling characteristic of the 2DPDS, an effective decentralized control is difficult to design. From the very beginning, the suitable coefficients of switching surface are assigned to stabilize the dynamics of switching surface and to shape the response of tracking error. Based on the data of input/output, two scaling factors are employed to normalize the switching surface and its derivative. According to the concept of if-then rule, an appropriate rule table for the ith subsystem is then achieved. This table is skew symmetric about the diagonal line; the absolute value of this table is proportional to the distance to the diagonal line. According to the system stability, the output-scaling factor is determined. Finally, a sequence of experiments including the trajectory tracking using MBFDC, proportional-integral-differential control, and classic fuzzy control is carried out to confirm the usefulness of the proposed control system.
Building the bridge between animal movement and population dynamics

While the mechanistic links between animal movement and population dynamics are ecologically obvious, it is much less clear when knowledge of animal movement is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting population dynamics. GPS and other technologies enable detailed tracking of animal location concurrently with acquisition of landscape data and information on individual physiology. These tools can be used to refine our understanding of the mechanistic links between behaviour and individual condition through ‘spatially informed’ movement models where time allocation to different behaviours affects individual survival and reproduction. For some species, socially informed models that address the movements and average fitness of differently sized groups and how they are affected by fission–fusion processes at relevant temporal scales are required. Furthermore, as most animals revisit some places and avoid others based on their previous experiences, we foresee the incorporation of long-term memory and intention in movement models. The way animals move has important consequences for the degree of mixing that we expect to find both within a population and between individuals of different species. The mixing rate dictates the level of detail required by models to capture the influence of heterogeneity and the dynamics of intra- and interspecific interaction.
The Censor's Hand: The Misregulation of Human-Subject Research

Medical and social progress depend on research with human subjects. When that research is done in institutions getting federal money, it is regulated (often minutely) by federally required and supervised bureaucracies called "institutional review boards" (IRBs). Do -- can -- these IRBs do more harm than good? In The Censor's Hand, Schneider addresses this crucial but long-unasked question. Schneider answers the question by consulting a critical but ignored experience -- the law's learning about regulation -- and by amassing empirical evidence that is scattered around many literatures. He concludes that IRBs were fundamentally misconceived. Their usefulness to human subjects is doubtful, but they clearly delay, distort, and deter research that can save people's lives, soothe their suffering, and enhance their welfare. IRBs demonstrably make decisions poorly. They cannot be expected to make decisions well, for they lack the expertise, ethical principles, legal rules, effective procedures, and accountability essential to good regulation. And IRBs are censors in the place censorship is most damaging -- universities. In sum, Schneider argues that IRBs are bad regulation that inescapably do more harm than good. They were an irreparable mistake that should be abandoned so that research can be conducted properly and regulated sensibly.
A first look into a Convolutional Neural Network for speech emotion detection

We propose a real-time Convolutional Neural Network model for speech emotion detection. Our model is trained from raw audio on a small dataset of TED talks speech data, manually annotated into three emotion classes: “Angry”, “Happy” and “Sad”. It achieves an average accuracy of 66.1%, 5% higher than a feature-based SVM baseline, with an evaluation time of few hundred milliseconds. We also provide an in-depth model visualization and analysis. We show how our neural network effectively activates during the speech sections of the waveform regardless of the emotion, ignoring the silence parts which do not contain information. On the frequency domain the CNN filters distribute throughout all the spectrum range, with higher concentration around the average pitch range related to that emotion. Each filter also activates at multiple frequency intervals, presumably due to the additional contribution of amplitude-related feature learning. Our work will allow faster and more accurate emotion detection modules for human-machine empathetic dialog systems and other related applications.
Distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the pigeon brain

We have investigated the distribution of cholinergic perikarya and fibers in the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia). With this aim, pigeon brain sections were processed immunohistochemi‐cally by using an antiserum specific for chicken choline acetyltransferase. Our results show cholinergic neurons in the pigeon basal telencephalon, the hypothalamus, the habenula, the pretectum, the midbrain tectum, the dorsal isthmus, the isthmic tegmentum, and the cranial nerve motor nuclei. Cholinergic fibers were prominent in the dorsal telencephalon, the striatum, the thalamus, the tectum, and the interpeduncular nucleus. Comparison of our results with previous studies in birds suggests some major cholinergic pathways in the avian brain and clarifies the possible origin of the cholinergic innervation of some parts of the avian brain. In addition, comparison of our results in birds with those in other vertebrate species shows that the organization of the cholinergic systems in many regions of the avian brain (such as the basal forebrain, the epithalamus, the isthmus, and the hindbrain) is much like that in reptiles and mammals. In contrast, however, birds appear largely to lack intrinsic cholinergic neurons in the dorsal (“neocortex‐like”) parts of the telencephalon. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knowledge Contribution through online Relationship in Social Network Site: Personal Relationship Theory Perspective

ㄴ Today, Internet users start off using heavily SNS(Social Network Site) such like, Facebook, Twitter. The reason of the growth of using SNS would be closely related to the various services of gaming, playing, entertainment items, sharing information etc., provided by the SNS, technically, the most important one out of the services provided would be behaving of sharing knowledge among people who connected and networked in the site. In sum, we assume that the users may communicate well each other and pay attention to build closely a social network using that kind of activities. However, nevertheless the new trends of communications and sharing knowledge become popular, researchers have just began the research issues in explaining why Internet user rush into SNS and enjoy the time in there. Therefore, we investigate on the reasons of posting knowledge voluntarily in the SNS and how others response to the posted information and actually affected by the behavior. We appled personal relation and social identity theory for this study, which personal relation in SNS may affect on social identity and make them produce knowledge generation. We found that social identity and involvement in SNS is closely related and influence knowledge creation and generation. This empirical study resulted in the importance of social relations in SNS, which leads to a sharing knowledge
Balanced Loading

We develop a heuristic for a problem motivated by the loading of aircraft or trucks: pack blocks into a bin so that their center-of-gravity is as close as possible to a target point. Our heuristic either produces good solutions or else signals that none is possible. It also works when loading nonhomogeneous blocks into a bin of nonzero and possibly nonhomogeneous mass.
Un questionnaire de repérage du risque alcool adapté au senior

Le vieillissement de la population mondiale pose la question de la consommation d'alcool des plus âges et des differents risques pour leur sante. Dans un cadre de prevention secondaire, les questionnaires de reperage ont maintenant fait la preuve de leur interet et de leur acceptabilite chez des populations adultes. En revanche, chez les plus de 65 ans, l'identification des risques et problemes attribuables a la consommation d'alcool doit etre raisonnablement envisagee en lien avec un etat de sante potentiellement declinant, l'augmentation du nombre de problemes chroniques associes, l'augmentation de l'usage de medicaments et l'alteration de l'etat fonctionnel. C'est dans cette optique qu'un panel de cliniciens a elabore le questionnaire ARPS (Alcohol-related problems survey) et l'a valide en le comparant a des outils de mesure reperes (CAGE, AUDIT, MAST).
Glucocorticoids Enhance or Spare Innate Immunity: Effects in Airway Epithelium Are Mediated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins1

Although it is widely accepted that glucocorticoids (GC) are a mainstay of the treatment of diseases characterized by airway inflammation, little is known about the effects of GC on local innate immunity. In this article, we report that respiratory epithelial cells manifested a local “acute phase response” after stimulation with TLR activation and TNF-α and that GC spared or enhanced the epithelial expression of molecules that are involved in host defense, including complement, collectins, and other antimicrobial proteins. As expected, GC inhibited the expression of molecules responsible for inflammation such as cytokines (IFNβ and GM-CSF) and chemokines (RANTES and IL-8). Studies using Western blotting, EMSA, and functional analysis indicated that the selective effects of GC are mediated through activation of the transcription factor C/EBP. Knockdown of C/EBPβ by small interfering RNA blocked the enhancement by GC of host defense molecule expression but had no effect on inflammatory gene expression. These results suggest that GC spare or enhance local innate host defense responses in addition to exerting anti-inflammatory actions. It is possible that the known ability of GC to reduce the exacerbation of diseases in which infectious organisms serve as triggering factors (e.g., asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) may result in part from enhanced innate immune responses in airway mucosa.
ReflectoSlates: personal overlays for tabletops combining camera-projector systems and retroreflective materials

Tabletop systems are great platforms for collaborative work and social interaction. However, many fail to also accommodate contents visible only to some users, or they do so by reducing the surface visible to the rest of the users. We present ReflectoSlates, which combines a chest mounted camera-projector system connected to the user's mobile device and retroreflective sheets (ReflectoSlates). When placed on the tabletop, ReflectoSlates allow users to see their private contents while other users continue to see the tabletop. They can be lifted and moved while still displaying each user's individual content. Users can also interact with them using mid-air gestures detected by the camera-projector system. This way they do not interfere with other users when their contents are in the tabletop, or they can continue to interact with them, when they lift the ReflectoSlate or walk away from the tabletop.
Morse Decompositions for Coverage Tasks

Exact cellular decompositions represent a robot's free space by dividing it into regions with simple structure such that the sum of the regions fills the free space. These decompositions have been widely used for path planning between two points, but can be used for mapping and coverage of free spaces. In this paper, we define exact cellular decompositions where critical points of Morse functions indicate the location of cell boundaries. Morse functions are those whose critical points are non-degenerate. Between critical points, the structure of a space is effectively the same, so simple control strategies to achieve tasks, such as coverage, are feasible within each cell. This allows us to introduce a general framework for coverage tasks because varying the Morse function has the effect of changing the pattern by which a robot covers its free space. In this paper, we give examples of different Morse functions and comment on their corresponding tasks. In a companion paper, we describe the sensor-based algorithm that constructs the decomposition.
Linguistic diversity and universals

e phenomenon of human language appears in two opposite manifestations: on the one hand, the phenomenon manifests itself in thousands of individual languages, dialects and sociolects, and these come with differences that are oen so obvious and easy to notice (e.g. different sounds, words, ways of saying things) that people can debate about them and deploy them for marking social or national boundaries. On the other hand, language manifests itself as a universal phenomenon that is shared by our entire species, processed by a brain that is in many fundamental aspects identical for all members of the species, learned efficiently by every infant in the first few years, and used for universally comparable means in communication. Understanding how these two opposite manifestations can be reconciled has been at the core of linguistic research for ages, and the pendulum has swung back and forth between emphasizing one or the other side. In the first half of the 20th century, it was taken for granted that diversity is enormous and constantly evolving, while in the second half, linguistics has sent a strong message that despite all diversity, languages are built on a single universal grammar. From outside linguistics, it is difficult to find one’s way in this opposition, especially so because the opposition is oen fraught with ideological assertions, social factions in the scientific community and a bewildering proliferation of theories that try to sell the right way of studying language (such as “the Minimalist Program”, “Lexical-Functional Grammar”, “Cognitive Grammar” and dozens more, see Heine & Narrog 2012 for a recent collection). But for anthropology, just like for any other discipline in the neighborhood of linguistics, the dual nature of language as both a diverse and universal phenomenon is of key importance: for example, if we want to understand the role that language plays in shaping society and ideas, we need to know where variation is played out in language and where it is constrained, and what forces determine universal trends and paerns. e present chapter aims to chart out the relevant issues, trying to stay away from the thickets of ideologies and competing theories in order to highlight what I see as the more fundamental questions. I begin by illustrating the variousways inwhich languages differ from each other (Section 2) and then raise the question in what sense one can talk abut universals despite this apparent diversity and variation (Section 3). e concluding section (Section 4) summarizes the current state of the art in universals research.