Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ARROW@TU Dublin ARROW@TU Dublin Automatic Flood Detection in SentineI-2 Images Using Deep Automatic Flood Detection in SentineI-2 Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Convolutional Neural Networks

The early and accurate detection of oods from satellite imagery can aid rescue planning and assessment of geophysical damage. Automatic identication of water from satellite images has historically relied on hand-crafted functions, but these often do not provide the accuracy and robustness needed for accurate and early ood detection. To try to overcome these limitations we investigate a tiered methodology combining water index like features with a deep convolutional neural network based solution to ood identication against the MediaEval 2019 ood dataset. Our method builds on existing deep neural network methods, and in particular the VGG16 network. Specically, we explored dierent water indexing techniques and proposed a water index function with the use of Green/SWIR and Blue/NIR bands with VGG16. Our experiment shows that our approach outperformed all other water index technique when combined with VGG16 network in order to detect ood in images.
Simple non-invasive ﬁbrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced ﬁbrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background Accurate evaluation of liver ﬁbrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is important to identify patients who may develop complications. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of simple non-invasive tests in identifying advanced ﬁbrosis among patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Methods Consecutive patients with biopsy proven NAFLD were recruited from the Newcastle Hospitals Fatty Liver Clinic from 2003 to 2009. The AST/ALT ratio, AST to platelet ratio index, BARD (weighted sum of BMI > 28 ¼ 1 point, AST/ALT ratio > 0.8 ¼ 2 points, diabetes ¼ 1 point), FIB-4 (age 3 AST (IU/l)/platelet count ( 3 10 9 /litre) 3 O ALT (IU/l)) and NAFLD ﬁbrosis scores were calculated from blood tests taken at time of biopsy. Results 145 patients (82 male (61%), mean age 51 6 12 years) were included. The mean body mass index was 35 6 5 kg/m 2 . 73 subjects (50%) had diabetes. 93 patients (64%) had non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 27 (19%) had advanced ﬁbrosis (Kleiner stage 3 e 4). The FIB-4 score had the best diagnostic accuracy for advanced ﬁbrosis (area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.86), followed by AST/ALT ratio (AUROC 0.83), NAFLD ﬁbrosis score (AUROC 0.81), BARD (AUROC 0.77) Conclusions The ALT/AST ratio, FIB-4 and NAFLD ﬁbrosis scores can reliably exclude advanced ﬁbrosis in a high proportion of patients with NAFLD, allowing liver biopsy to be used in a more directed manner.
The Impact of Medical and Nursing Home Expenses on Savings

We consider a life-cycle model with idiosyncratic risk in earnings, out-of-pocket medical and nursing home expenses, and survival. Partial insurance is available through welfare, Medicaid, and social security. Calibrating the model to the United States we show that savings for old-age, out-of-pocket expenses account for 13.5 per- cent of aggregate wealth, half of which is due to nursing home expenses; cross-sectional out-of-pocket nursing home risk accounts for 3 percent of aggregate wealth and substantially slows down wealth decumulation at older ages; and all newborns would benefit if social insurance for nursing home stays was made more generous.
Occurrence and Reverse Transport of Severe Dust Storms Associated with Synoptic Weather in East Asia

The range and time of the environmental effects of Asian dust are closely dependent on the pathways and the speed of dust plume movement. In this study, the occurrence and movement of two dust storms in China in May 2017 were examined by using open space- and ground-based measurement data and the backward trajectories of dust plumes. Results from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data showed that the dust storms were caused by the rapid coupling development of Mongolian cyclones and Asian highs. After the dust plumes arrived at the Southeastern China in the first dust event, the stable weather conditions and the Asian high slowed down the movement of the plumes, leading to the gradual diffusion of dust particles. Moreover, the Asian high in the first event and the Huabei low (a low-pressure system in North China Plain) in the second altered the movement direction of the dust plumes from southward to northward, which we denote as the “dust reverse transport (DRT)”. The DRT occurred only within the lower troposphere even though dust plumes could extended to 5–10 km in vertical direction. Statistical results of 28 spring dust events occurred in 2015–2018 showed that all these dust storms were triggered by Mongolian cyclones and/or Asian highs, and approximately 39% moved as the DRT, indicating about one third of severe spring dust storms could influence larger areas or longer time than the remained ones.
Moller polarimetry with atomic hydrogen targets

A novel proposal of using polarized atomic hydrogen gas, stored in an ultracold magnetic trap, as the target for electron-beam polarimetry based on Moller scattering is discussed. Such a target of practically 100% polarized electrons could provide a superb systematic accuracy of about 0.5% for beam polarization measurements. Feasibility studies for the CEBAF electron beam have been performed.
Symbol time offset estimation in coherent OFDM systems

This paper presents a symbol time offset estimator for coherent orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The estimator exploits both the redundancy in the cyclic prefix and available pilot symbols used for channel estimation. The estimator is robust against frequency offsets and is suitable for use in dispersive channels. We base the estimator on the maximum-likelihood estimator for the additive white Gaussian noise channel. Simulations for an example system indicate a system performance as close as 0.6 dB to a perfectly synchronized system.
POS0251 TRANSCRIPTOMIC CHANGES INDUCED BY MAVRILIMUMAB VERSUS TOCILIZUMAB IN EX-VIVO CULTURED ARTERIES FROM PATIENTS WITH GIANT-CELL ARTERITIS

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic disease, and affected patients suffer from relapses and glucocorticoid (GC)-related toxicity. Targeted therapies are emerging with the aim of achieving better disease control and reducing GC exposure. Blocking IL-6 receptor with tocilizumab has been a major advance in the treatment of GCA. However, approximately 40% of patients treated with tocilizumab in combination with GCs experience a flare or tocilizumab-related adverse event. Blocking GM-CSF receptor α with mavrilimumab significantly reduced risk of relapse and improved sustained remission at week 26 vs placebo in a Phase 2 trial. Not all patients satisfactorily respond to any therapy, indicating heterogeneity in leading pathogenic pathways among patients. For these reasons, it is crucial to understand the specific impact of targeted therapies on vascular lesions. Objectives: In this study we investigated transcriptomic changes induced by tocilizumab or mavrilimumab in ex-vivo cultured arteries from patients with GCA. Methods: Temporal artery sections obtained for diagnostic purposes
Boycott them! No, boycott this! Do choice overload and small‐agent rationalization inhibit the signing of anti‐consumption petitions?

The Internet and social media have increased the number of organizations and individuals asking consumers to sign petitions against transgressing brands. This raises a question as to whether such increases in requests to sign a petition to support a boycott positively or negatively impact on consumer willingness to enact anti-consumption. Via experiments, this study investigates the effect that choice overload has on consumers signing a petition in support of a boycott call. The findings establish that individuals who need to make a choice from numerous boycott calls (i.e., large choice-sets) are less likely to sign a petition to support a boycott than individuals making a similar choice from a small number of boycott calls (i.e., small choice-sets). The study further introduces a mediator that explains this effect. Compared with individuals facing a small choice‐set, those facing numerous options are more likely to experience the small-agent rationalization, and thus, are less likely to sign the petition to support a boycott. The small‐agent rationalization (SAR) relates to one's acceptance of inequity in the world as well as perceptions of their own powerlessness. The study establishes the role of choice overload in boycott literature and empirically tests SAR as the process mechanism. Theoretical, practical, and policy implications are discussed. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Law Publication Details Yuksel, U. , Thai, N. T. & Lee, M. S. W. (2019). Boycott them! No, boycott this! Do choice overload and small‐agent rationalization inhibit the signing of anti‐consumption petitions? Psychology of Marketing, Online First 1-15. This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow. edu.au/lhapapers/4035
Proper Elements, Families, and Belt Boundaries

Families of asteroids were first found by Hirayama (1918, 1923, 1928). More recently Brouwer (1951) and Arnold (1969) have extended greatly the number of families known from the cataloged asteroids. The Palomar-Leiden survey (PLS) (van Houten et al., 1970), which mainly covered very faint, uncataloged objects, found several more families. Except for the work of Hirayama (1918), which used osculating elements, all of the above studies looked for clusterings of the semimajor axis a, the proper eccentricities e', and proper inclinations /'. The calculation of proper elements involves using a theory of secular perturbations to remove the long-period, large-amplitude disturbances of the major planets. The theory used Up to now (Brouwer and van Woerkom, 1950; Brouwer and Clemence, 1961) involved a low-order expansion in the eccentricities and inclinations. There is now a theory available (Williams, 1969) that will accurately handle much higher eccentricities and inclinations than before. I am now applying this new theory to calculate improved proper elements. The job is only partly completed, but several interesting results have emerged. These preliminary results are based upon reductions for asteroids with a < 2.61 AU. The theory may be used to calculate the closest approach between a major planet and an asteroid. When this is done for Mars, it is found that the density of asteroids drops sharply when one crosses into the region where an asteroid can encounter Mars. This effect can be seen in figure 1 where a histogram of the number of asteroids per 0.02 AU interval of the closest distance of approach to Mars is given. A negative distance means that the asteroid can pass that distance within the orbit of Mars and is subject to close encounters and eventual removal from the solar system by planetary collision or ejection. The evolution' of planetary crossers was first discussed by Opik (1963). There is a tail in the distribution for small negative distances. As one approaches the Mars crossing boundary from the negative side, the number of times the secular perturbations caused the orbits to intersect during the age of the solar system becomes fewer. Objects with small negative distances have very long lifetimes. The inner boundary of the asteroid belt in a, e', sin /' space is determined by the Mars crossing boundary. It is an almost inescapable conclusion that the belt
Categorical properties of topological and differentiable stacks

The focus of this PhD research is on the theory of topological and differentiable stacks. There are two main themes of this research. The first, is the creation of the theory of compactly generated stacks, which solve many categorical shortcomings of the theory of classical topological stacks. In particular, they are Cartesian closed. Secondly, this thesis develops the theory of small sheaves and stacks over etale topological and differentiable stacks, and explores in particular, the connection between gerbes and ineffective isotropy data. In the first part of the thesis, a convenient 2-category of topological stacks is constructed which is both complete and Cartesian closed. This 2-category, called the 2-category of compactly generated stacks, is the analogue of classical topological stacks, but for a different Grothendieck topology. In fact, there is an equivalence of 2-categories between compactly generated stacks and those classical topological stacks which admit locally compact atlases. Compactly generated stacks are also equivalent to a bicategory of topological groupoids and principal bundles, just as in the classical case. If a classical topological stack and a compactly generated stack have a presentation by the same topological groupoid, then they restrict to the same stack over locally compact Hausdorff spaces and are homotopy equivalent. In the second part of the thesis, we generalize the notion of a small sheaf of sets over a topological space or manifold to define the notion of a small stack of groupoids over an etale topological or differentiable stack. We then provide a construction analogous to the etale space construction in this context, establishing an equivalence of 2-categories between small stacks over an etale stack and local homeomorphisms over it. We go on to characterize small sheaves and gerbes. We show that ineffective data of etale stacks is completely described by the theory of small gerbes. In particular, it is shown that etale stacks (and in particular orbifolds) induce a small gerbe over their effective part, and all gerbes arise in this way. For nice enough classes of maps, for instance submersions, we show that etale stacks are equivalent to a 2-category of gerbed effective etale stacks. Along the way, we also prove that the 2-category of topoi is a full reflective sub-2-category of localic stacks.
Explicit versus implicit front advancing schemes for the simulation of hydraulic fracture growth

The proper computation of the time evolution of the fracture front is the main challenge of three‐dimensional (3D) hydraulic fracture growth simulation. We discuss explicit and implicit variants of a hydraulic fracture propagation scheme based on a level set representation of the fracture. Such a scheme couples a finite discretization of the governing equations and the near‐tip hydraulic fracture asymptotes. We benchmark the accuracy, robustness, and stability of these different front advancing schemes on a number of test cases. Our results indicate a large computational gain of the explicit scheme at the expense of a slightly less accurate solution (few percent less accuracy over few time steps) when crossing heterogeneities. The predictor corrector scheme combines at least an approximately 25% computational gain while retaining the stability and accuracy of the fully implicit version of the scheme in all cases.
International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions ( Quark Matter 2018 ) Electroweak probes of small and large systems with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of isolated prompt photon and massive electroweak (W and Z) boson production in different collision systems are of great interest to understand the partonic structure of heavy nuclei, and serve as a constraint on the initial state in larger collision systems. These channels are sensitive to a variety of effects such as the modification of the parton densities in nuclei in certain kinematic regions, and the energy loss of partons as they undergo multiple interactions in the nucleus before the hard parton-parton scattering. High-statistics samples of lead–lead and proton– lead collision data at √sNN=5.02 TeV and 8.16 TeV, respectively, taken by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, as well as proton–proton comparison data at analogous collision energies, allow for a detailed study of these phenomena in data and comprehensive comparisons to the predictions of a variety of theoretical approaches. This paper presents the latest ATLAS results in these topics, including updated results on inclusive prompt photon production in proton–lead collisions over a broad kinematic range and high-precision W boson results in lead–lead collisions.
River network properties shape α -diversity and community similarity 3 patterns of aquatic insect communities across major drainage basins 4

25 Aim Spatial dynamics and habitat connectivity affect community composition and diversity 26 in many ecosystems. For a long time, diversity patterns in riverine ecosystems were related to 27 local environmental conditions. Recent theoretical work suggests that diversity in rivers is 28 strongly affected by dispersal along the dendritic landscape structure and that environmental 29 conditions are intrinsically linked to the network position. Here, we test these hypotheses by 30 relating river network geometry and connectivity to multi-level biodiversity patterns across 31 large scales. 32 Location This study was carried out in Switzerland, Central Europe. Three major alpine 33 drainage basins were considered (Rhine, Rhone, Ticino), extending over an elevation gradient 34 of >2500 m and covering in total 41,285 km2. 35 Methods We sampled all may-, stoneand caddisfly species in 217 sites. The sites 36 representatively cover the three river networks. Using generalized additive models, we related 37 diversity patterns in aquatic insects to centrality within the network as a direct river network 38 property, and catchment area and elevation, which are related to network position. 39 Results Centrality within the river network, catchment area, and elevation had significant and 40 interacting effects on α-diversity and community similarity. α-diversity was lowest in 41 peripheral headwaters and at high elevations. Species richness generally increased with 42 increasing catchment area. Well-connected, central communities within the river network had 43 greater α-diversity compared to more peripheral communities. Elevation was a strong 44 predictor of α-diversity, with the most diverse communities found at mid-elevation sites. 45 Community similarity decayed with increasing along-stream distance between sites. 46 Main conclusions Our results highlight that diversity patterns of aquatic insects in river 47 systems are related to local factors such as elevation, but interact with network properties and 48 connectivity along waterways, and differ among insect orders. These findings are consistent 49 Diversity patterns in river networks 3 with dispersal-limited processes and implicate that riverine diversity should be addressed and 50 protected in a network perspective. 51 52
An Ontology-Based Approach to Enhance Explicit Aspect Extraction in Standard Arabic Reviews

: Currently, one of the most important and di ffi cult areas of research is Arabic Sentiment analysis. Aspect extraction is the most important task in aspect-based sentiment analysis. In this work, we propose an aspect-based sentiment analysis approach for Arabic language. The basic idea of the proposed approach is to use the description logics to identify explicit aspects as well as their polarities. This approach was evaluated using the publicly available human annotated Arabic dataset (HAAD) based on Semantic Evaluation 2014 workshop (SemEval-2014) along with its baseline experiments conducted by HAAD providers. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance compared with baseline approach. The F-measure was improved by 19% and 55% for the aspect terms extraction and aspect term polarity tasks respectively.
Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from Diospyros mespiliformis (jackal berry), Flacourtia indica (Batoka plum), Uapaca kirkiana (wild loquat) and Ziziphus mauritiana (yellow berry) fruits

Four wild fruits, Diospyros mespiliformis, Flacourtia indica, Uapaca kirkiana and Ziziphus mauritiana, were extracted with methanol and analysed for radical-scavenging effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reducing power and anion radical effect on superoxide anion using colorimetric method. There was an increase in the radical-scavenging effect, reducing power and superoxide anion radical-scavenging effect as the concentration of sample increased. Diospyros mespiliformis had high DPPH radical-scavenging capacity. The peels of F. indica and U. kirkiana had higher DPPH radical-scavenging effects, reducing power and superoxide-scavenging effects compared with the pulp while the pulp of Z. mauritiana had high DPPH radical-scavenging effects, reducing power and superoxide-scavenging effects compared with the peel.
An Eﬃcient Primal-Dual Method for L 1 TV Image Restoration

Image restoration based on an (cid:2) 1 -data-ﬁtting term and edge preserving total variation regularization is considered. The associated nonsmooth energy minimization problem is handled by utilizing Fenchel duality and dual regularization techniques. The latter guarantee uniqueness of the dual so-lution and an eﬃcient way for reconstructing a primal solution, i
Solving multi-objective optimization problems by RasID-GA

This paper aims to solve multi-objective problems by adaptive random search with intensification and diversification combined with genetic algorithm (RasID-GA). Problems with multi-objectives are common in engineering, economics, computer science, and many others field of studies. It has been a challenge for the researchers to develop algorithms able to solve this kind of problem. RasID is an optimization algorithm, which is good at finding local optima, but its diversified search isnpsilat so efficient, for this reason, we combined RasID with genetic algorithms (GA), which is superior at finding global optima. In this paper, RasID-GA is used to find the Pareto- optimal solutions. RasID-GA is compared with the algorithm of NSGA-II using well known benchmarks.
INTERACTIVE ARTICLE COVER A Conceptual Framework for Inclusive Pedagogy in South African Multilingual Higher Education Classrooms

In addition to the linguistic diversity of South African nationals, the growing number of international students from other countries, especially from Africa, has made language-related issues in South African university classrooms more complex. The teaching-learning process is very challenging with linguistically heterogeneous learners with different symbols and meanings that influence the way they learn and could be a source of exclusion and a barrier to effective learning outcomes. Hence, this paper aims to shed light on strategies and practices contributing to engendering inclusive pedagogy in diverse classroom settings, especially in multilingual university classrooms. To address this, this literature review used secondary sources collected through an in-depth review of academic journals, books, and doctoral dissertations using Google Scholar. The textual analysis showed that enablers of inclusive pedagogy in South African multilingual higher education classrooms include translanguaging, continuous lecturer professional development on inclusivity, use of audio-visuals, continuous evaluation of lecturers and inclusive policies, providing learners with requisite skills, lecturers ’ knowledge of learners ’ diversity, and lecturer ’ s self-awareness and preparedness to deal with linguistically diverse learners. This resulted in a potential conceptual framework for inclusive pedagogy in multilingual South African higher education undergraduate university classrooms. The results have implications for language policy, practice, and research.