Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of field galaxies. II - The luminosity function and space distribution of galaxies

We have analyzed the data on field galaxies presented in a previous paper, as well as other published data. Dropping the usual assumption of uniform space distribution, we find that the luminosity function of field galaxies can be fit by the function proposed by Schechter with faint end slope, . cap alpha. =-1.10 +- 0.15, and characteristic magnitude, M/sup asterisk//sub B/T=-21.00 +- 0.11 (assuming H/sub 0/=50 km s/sup -1/ Mpc/sup -1/), values not significantly different from those of the cluster galaxy luminosity function. The space density of galaxies in the south galactic cap is fairly constant with distance, out to our survey limit of about 200 h/sup -1/ Mpc. In the north galactic cap there are large density fluctuations, including the local supercluster and an even larger feature, 50 h/sup -1/ Mpc deep, centered at v/sub r/approx.8000 km s/sup -1/. Galaxy counts and the distribution of rich clusters confirm this analysis and suggest that the second feature subtends a large fraction of the north galactic polar cap. The large density fluctuations over our survey volume make it difficult to determine accurately the mean space density of galaxies. We estimate the mean luminosity density of the universe to be 10/sup 8/L/sub sun/ Mpc/supmore » -3/, but the uncertainty is large. A spatial covariance function analysis of our sample suggests power on scales up to 30 h/sup -1/ Mpc, with no evidence of the break in xi (r) at approx.10 h/sup -1/ found by Groth and Peebles in the projected galaxy distribution. « less
Cavity pressure control of powder injection moulding machines

In this study, cavity pressure control of a computer controlled powder injection moulding setup driven by an electro-hydraulic servovalve was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. For this purpose, a detailed system model of a powder injection moulding machine was developed and the important parameters that affect the system behaviour were determined by carrying out computer simulations. In light of the simulation results, a closed-loop control system was designed and manufactured. The control system was implemented to a specially designed powder injection moulding setup. Comparisons of the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the developed system model describes the dynamic behaviour of the system satisfactorily. The results of experiments show that accurate control of the cavity pressure can be achieved by the proposed control system.
B-spline methods for radial Dirac equations

Although B-spline techniques have been used to solve two-point boundary value problems with Dirac Hamiltonians for more than 20 years, the treatment of boundary conditions is still a matter of controversy. Spurious, non-physical, solutions are endemic when boundary conditions are not handled correctly. These pathological problems are absent when traditional finite difference methods are used as in computer packages such as GRASP. Accurate approximation using both finite differences and B-splines depends on controlling local approximation errors, and this common property suggests no a priori reason to suppose that B-spline algorithms should be more prone to generate spurious solutions. The relativistic Bloch operators of [24], when added to the Dirac differential operator, permit the construction of a self-adjoint differential operator for the two-point boundary value problem on a finite interval. Approximate solution of this problem exploiting the properties of B-splines in variational or Galerkin schemes is then straightforward. Although the analysis is presented primarily in terms of the Dirac R-matrix method for electron–atom scattering, it is also relevant to other applications such as relativistic atomic and molecular structure calculations, many-body perturbation calculations of structure and properties and relativistic dynamics.
Antiretroviral Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: The Effect of Inflammation and Genetic Variants

Neurocognitive impairments are common in people living with HIV. Some conditions, such as chronic inflammation, astrocyte infection and an impaired blood–brain barrier (BBBi), along with host genetic variants in transporter genes, may affect antiretroviral (ARV) exposure in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to evaluate ARV CSF penetration according to compartmental inflammation, BBB permeability and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug transporter encoding genes. CSF neopterin (ELISA), plasma and CSF ARV concentrations (HPLC) and host genetic variants in ABCC2, HNF4α, SLCO1A2 and SLC22A6 (real-time PCR) were measured. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed for single ARV and classes. We included 259 participants providing 405 paired plasma and CSF samples. CSF/plasma ratios (CPR) showed an increase for NRTIs and nevirapine with low penetrations for the majority of ARVs. At bi-variate analysis, several associations, including the effect of BBBi (emtricitabine, raltegravir), age (zidovudine and darunavir), and high CSF neopterin (NRTIs and border-line for PIs) were suggested. An association was found between genetic variants and integrase strand transfer (ABCC2 and HNF4α), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (SLCO1A2), and protease inhibitors (SLC22A6). At multivariate analysis age, gender, BMI, and altered BBB were independent predictors of nucleoside reverse transcriptase CSF concentrations; age (for protease inhibitors) and body mass index and altered BBB (integrase strand transfer inhibitors) were also associated with ARV CSF exposure. We describe factors associated with CSF concentrations, showing that demographic, BBB integrity and, partially, genetic factors may be predictors of drug passage in the central nervous system.
Earthquake Nucleation Size: Evidence of Loading Rate Dependence in Laboratory Faults

Recent Global Positioning System observations of major earthquakes such as the 2014 Chile megathrust show a slow preslip phase releasing a significant portion of the total moment (Ruiz et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256074). Despite advances from theoretical stability analysis (Rubin & Ampuero, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003686; Ruina, 1983, https://doi.org/10.1029/jb088ib12p10359) and modeling (Kaneko et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL071569), it is not fully understood what controls the prevalence and the amount of slip in the nucleation process. Here we present laboratory observations of slow slip preceding dynamic rupture, where we observe a dependence of nucleation size and position on the loading rate (laboratory equivalent of tectonic loading rate). The setup is composed of two polycarbonate plates under direct shear with a 30‐cm long slip interface. The results of our laboratory experiments are in agreement with the preslip model outlined by Ellsworth and Beroza (1995, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5212.851) and observed in laboratory experiments (Latour et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50974; Nielsen et al., 2010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04444.x; Ohnaka & Kuwahara, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90138-X), which show a slow slip followed by an acceleration up to dynamic rupture velocity. However, further complexity arises from the effect of (1) rate of shear loading and (2) inhomogeneities on the fault surface. In particular, we show that when the loading rate is increased from 10−2 to 6 MPa/s, the nucleation length can shrink by a factor of 3, and the rupture nucleates consistently on higher shear stress areas. The nucleation lengths measured fall within the range of the theoretical limits Lb and L∞ derived by Rubin and Ampuero (2005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB003686) for rate‐and‐state friction laws.
Three Dimensional Local Structure Analysis of ZnSnAs2:Mn by X-ray Fluorescence Holography

X-ray fluorescence holographic study on a room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor film of ZnSnAs2:Mn was performed using a strong X-ray beam of third generation synchrotron radiation of SPring-8. The real space reconstructions of the environments around Mn atoms were successfully visualized from the observed holograms despite the very small amount of Mn atoms. The reconstructions revealed that the Mn atoms occupy the cation (Zn or Sn) site.
Vibration Suppression in a Simple Tension-Aligned Array Structure

Tension-aligned structures have been proposed for space-based antenna applications that require a high degree of accuracy. The structure uses a compression member to impart tension on the antenna, thus helping to maintain shape and facilitate disturbance rejection. These structures can be very large and therefore sensitive to low-frequency excitation. A simple control strategy for tension-aligned structures is proposed, based on the concept of stiffness variation by sequential application and removal of constraints. The process funnels vibration energy from low-frequency to high-frequency modes of the structure, where it is dissipated naturally due to internal damping. A simple model for the arrangement is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy. It consists of a curved beam modeled as a nonlinear elastica arch (the support structure), connected to an array of hinged panels (the antenna). Two methods for stiffness switching are investigated: variable stiffness hinges in the panels an.
RNA Dysmetabolism and Repeat-Associated Non-AUG Translation in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration/Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis due to C9orf72 Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion

Neuropathological features of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) due to C9orf72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion include early dipeptide repeats, repeat RNA foci, and subsequent TDP-43 pathologies. Since the discovery of the repeat expansion, extensive studies have elucidated the disease mechanism of how the repeat causes neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of abnormal repeat RNA metabolism and repeat-associated non-AUG translation in C9orf72 frontotemporal lobar degeneration/ALS. For repeat RNA metabolism, we specifically focus on the role of hnRNPA3, the repeat RNA-binding protein, and the EXOSC10/RNA exosome complex, an intracellular RNA-degrading enzyme. In addition, the mechanism of repeat-associated non-AUG translation inhibition via TMPyP4, a repeat RNA-binding compound, is discussed.
14-3-3η protein is associated with disease activity and osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Introduction This study was designed to explore the potential association of serum 14-3-3η protein level with disease activity and bone mineral density (BMD) in Egyptian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic at Mansoura University Hospital. Material and methods One hundred eighty-eight patients with RA and 192 matched controls were enrolled. The rheumatoid arthritis activity parameters were evaluated in RA patients. Bone mineral density was measured. Serum levels of 14-3-3η protein and IL-6 were estimated for all participants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results Rheumatoid arthritis patients had a significantly higher median serum 14-3-3η protein level compared to matched controls (p ≤ 0.05). Serum level of 14-3-3η protein was significantly correlated with DAS28–ESR (p ≤ 0.05) and serum IL-6 level (p ≤ 0.05). The rheumatoid arthritis-osteoporosis group had significantly higher serum 14-3-3η protein than the RA-osteopenia group and RA-control group. Similarly, the difference of the serum 14-3-3η protein between the RA-osteopenia group and the RA-control group was significant. In the linear regression analysis, the strongest factors that were associated with BMD in RA patients were the serum level of 14-3-3η protein (p ≤ 0.05), IL-6 (p ≤ 0.05) and DAS28–ESR (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Serum level of 14-3-3η protein was significantly elevated in RA patients compared to controls and is significantly correlated with parameters of activity disease. The RA-osteoporosis group had significantly higher serum 14-3-3η protein than the RA-osteopenia group and RA-control group. Serum 14-3-3η protein can be a promising biomarker to reflect RA activity and predict presence of osteoporosis in RA patients.
High-Order Microplane Theory for Quasi-Brittle Materials with Multiple Characteristic Lengths

AbstractThe heterogeneous internal structure of quasi-brittle materials governs several aspects of their behavior, especially in the nonlinear range. Size and spacing of weak spots (e.g., aggregate-matrix interfaces, flaws, and slip planes) where failure is likely to occur are two of the most important material characteristic lengths that can be used to characterize the micro- and meso-structure of these materials. Discrete (lattice and particle) models can be conveniently used to directly model these geometrical features, but they tend to be computationally expensive, and consequently, the derivation of macroscopic continuum-based approximations is often highly beneficial. The current study demonstrates that the continuum macroscale approximation of discrete fine-scale models leads naturally to a high-order microplane theory characterized by multiple characteristic lengths. The average weak spot spacing is shown to be associated with strain gradient effects; whereas the average weak spot size is shown to.
Discovery of two distorted interstellar bubbles. [LL Ori, zeta Oph]

During an extensive program of direct imagery of emission nebulae, arcuate structures were found around two stars. A well-defined shock-like structure was found about the T-Orionis variable LL Orionis, located to the side of the Orion Nebula. A less extensive shock-like structure was also found about the runaway star zeta Ophiuchi. These structures can best be described in terms of distorted interstellar bubbles. A direct consequence of this interpretation is an independent estimate of the rates of mass loss for these stars.
Accessing treatment for childhood mental health problems: A look at the current issues faced in primary care

Approximately 10 per cent of children and young people suffer from mental health problems in the UK. However, the vast majority of those affected do not receive specialist help. Primary care is usually the first port of call for parents who have concerns about their child’s wellbeing; however, General Practitioners (GPs) report many difficulties managing this group. Worryingly, despite an increase in the amount of referrals for these disorders, data suggests that many children are not being assessed and treated. Recent reviews of these issues have called for increased training for GPs and access to a mental health work on-site, within primary care.
Genetic and Molecular Interactions between HΔCT, a Novel Allele of the Notch Antagonist Hairless, and the Histone Chaperone Asf1 in Drosophila melanogaster

Cellular differentiation relies on the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway. Notch activity induces gene expression changes that are highly sensitive to chromatin landscape. We address Notch gene regulation using Drosophila as a model, focusing on the genetic and molecular interactions between the Notch antagonist Hairless and the histone chaperone Asf1. Earlier work implied that Asf1 promotes the silencing of Notch target genes via Hairless (H). Here, we generate a novel HΔCT allele by genome engineering. Phenotypically, HΔCT behaves as a Hairless gain of function allele in several developmental contexts, indicating that the conserved CT domain of H has an attenuator role under native biological contexts. Using several independent methods to assay protein–protein interactions, we define the sequences of the CT domain that are involved in Hairless–Asf1 binding. Based on previous models, where Asf1 promotes Notch repression via Hairless, a loss of Asf1 binding should reduce Hairless repressive activity. However, tissue-specific Asf1 overexpression phenotypes are increased, not rescued, in the HΔCT background. Counterintuitively, Hairless protein binding mitigates the repressive activity of Asf1 in the context of eye development. These findings highlight the complex connections of Notch repressors and chromatin modulators during Notch target-gene regulation and open the avenue for further investigations.
Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports Predicting NBA Games Using Neural Networks

In this paper we examine the use of neural networks as a tool for predicting the success of basketball teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Statistics for 620 NBA games were collected and used to train a variety of neural networks such as feed-forward, radial basis, probabilistic and generalized regression neural networks. Fusion of the neural networks is also examined using Bayes belief networks and probabilistic neural network fusion. Further, we investigate which subset of features input to the neural nets are the most salient features for prediction. We explored subsets obtained from signal-to-noise ratios and expert opinions to identify a subset of features input to the neural nets. Results obtained from these networks were compared to predictions made by numerous experts in the field of basketball. The best networks were able to correctly predict the winning team 74.33 percent of the time (on average) as compared to the experts who were correct 68.67 percent of the time.
Efficient Elimination of Viruses from Garlic Using a Combination of Shoot Meristem Culture, Thermotherapy, and Chemical Treatment

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a clonally propagated bulbous crop and can be infected by several viruses under field conditions. A virus complex reduces garlic yield and deteriorates the quality of the produce. In the present study, we aimed to eliminate Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Garlic common latent virus (GCLV), Shallot latent virus (SLV), and Allexiviruses from the infected crop using combination of meristem culture, thermotherapy, and chemotherapy. In this study, seven different treatments, namely shoot meristem culture, thermotherapy direct culture, chemotherapy direct culture, chemotherapy + meristem culture, thermotherapy + meristem culture, thermotherapy + chemotherapy direct culture, and thermotherapy + chemotherapy + meristem culture (TCMC), were used. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect virus elimination, which revealed the percentage of virus-free plants was between 65 and 100%, 55 and 100%, and 13 and 100% in the case of GCLV, SLV, and OYDV, respectively. The in vitro regeneration efficiency was between 66.06 and 98.98%. However, the elimination of Allexiviruses could not be achieved. TCMC was the most effective treatment for eliminating GCLV, SLV, and OYDV from garlic, with 66.06% plant regeneration efficiency. The viral titre of the Allexivirus under all the treatments was monitored using real-time PCR, and the lowest viral load was observed in the TCMC treatment. The present study is the first to report the complete removal of GCLV, SLV, and OYDV from Indian red garlic with the application of thermotherapy coupled with chemotherapy and shoot meristem culture.
Factors Associated with Postpartum Maternal Functioning in Black Women: A Secondary Analysis

In the United States, 29–44% of Black women experience postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS), yet few are properly identified and/or connected to mental care services. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine the relationship between maternal functioning and clinical variables (PDS, maternal–infant attachment), racial variable (Black racial identity types—low race salience, assimilated and miseducated, self-hating, anti-White, multiculturalist, and conflicted), and sociodemographic characteristics (relationship status, education, insurance, childbirth type). A total of 116 women living in the southern United States were included in the analysis. Multivariate analyses revealed that Black racial identity (p = 0.02), PDS (p < 0.0001), maternal–infant attachment (p < 0.0001), and educational level (p = 0.03) were independently associated with maternal functioning. This work provides new evidence regarding the role of various clinical and racial factors on Black postpartum women’s adjustment to motherhood. This analysis also adds to the growing body of evidence of reliability for the BIMF in Black postpartum women.
Research on noise control of automobile exhaust system under idling condition based on modal analysis

Correlational studies of vibration characteristics theory of exhaust system, optimization design of idling vibration control and the noise test analysis were conducted to solve the problems of body vibration and exhaust noise under idling condition. Firstly, the analysis of vibration mode, dynamic response and vibration transfer of exhaust system were carried out by using the simulation analysis, and the location of the exhaust system hangers were verified. Furthermore, the structure optimization schemes of exhaust system were proposed for exhaust noise reduction under idling condition based on control of local stiffness optimization, constraint location optimization and system global stiffness optimization. Finally, the interior and exhaust noise and system vibration of optimization schemes were tested under idling condition, and the exhaust noise was verified under rapid acceleration condition respectively. Meanwhile, the vibration response of exhaust system was analyzed. Results showed that the optimization schemes had better noise attenuation effect than the original scheme under idling and rapid acceleration conditions, indicating that it was necessary not only to effectively avoid the idling frequency interval of engine, but also to improve the structural stiffness and the vibration of local structure according to the vibration mode, and minimize the modification of the internal structure of the exhaust system.