Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bid-Matching Problem and Score-Based Consensus for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading

The demand for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading systems (ETS) grows alongside the development of house renewable energy generation. A P2P/ETS enables its peers to trade energy freely as in a double auction market. It requires a ledger to record peers’ trading history. A typical approach is relying on a decentralized ledger, e.g. , blockchain, with smart contract capabilities, unavoidably incurring high costs. Therefore, motivated to build a smart contract-free system, this work proposes a novel blockchain and consensus design utilizing the double auction characteristics of P2P/ETS. Concretely, we first revisit the blockchain data structure so that it can reflect auction bids. Next, we introduce a novel mining mechanism utilizing a bid-matching problem (BMP), which requires miners to find the best combination sets of sell/buy bids according to a given scoring function. Hence, the miner who mines the best-scored block can extend the blockchain. The fundamental difference between the BMP-based mining and traditional proof-of-X schemes, e.g. , work or stake, is that our protocol selects blocks instead of miners. That is, a higher-scored block has better contents (bids and transactions), thus being preferable to a lower-scored block regardless of whether the miner is honest. Finally, we analyze miners’ local chain dynamics and show a bound for the score distribution of the scoring function to prove that the protocol satisfies the key properties of consensus
Journal Pre-proof Methyltransferase SMYD3 impairs hypoxia tolerance by augmenting hypoxia signaling independent of its enzymatic activity

HIF1α, a main transcriptional regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia, also plays important roles in oxygen homeostasis of aerobic organisms, which is regulated by multiple mechanisms. However, the full cellular response to hypoxia has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that expression of SMYD3, a methyltransferase, augments hypoxia signaling independent of its enzymatic activity. We demonstrated SMYD3 binds to and stabilizes HIF1α via co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays, leading to the enhancement of HIF1α transcriptional activity under hypoxia conditions. In addition, the stabilization of HIF1α by SMYD3 is independent of HIF1α hydroxylation by prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the intactness of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) ubiquitin ligase complex. Furthermore, we showed SMYD3 induces ROS accumulation and promotes hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis. Consistent with these results, we found smyd3 -null zebrafish exhibit higher hypoxia tolerance compared to their wildtype siblings. Together, these findings define a novel role of SMYD3 in affecting hypoxia signaling and demonstrate that SMYD3-mediated HIF1α stabilization augments hypoxia signaling, leading to the impairment of hypoxia tolerance. signaling as well as their impacts on hypoxia tolerance might open a new window for understanding the mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation. In this study, we show that SMYD3 enhances hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis, resulting in the impairment of hypoxia tolerance. However, the multiple functions of HIF1α have been identified, SMYD3 may also affect HIF1α functions other than hypoxia tolerance, such as tumorigenesis, cell metabolism, etc. To further figure out the other effects of SMYD3 mediated through HIF1α will help us to fully understand the physiological role of SMYD3 in hypoxia signaling and the underlying mechanisms. experiment, two dish were filled with 10 ml of water. Smyd3 -null larvae (3 dpf, n = 30) ( smyd3 -/- ) were put into one dish, and their wild-type siblings (3 dpf, n = 30) ( smyd3 +/+ ) were put in the second dish. The oxygen concentration in the hypoxia workstation was adjusted to 2% ahead of time. Then, two dishes were put into the hypoxia workstation simultaneously. 4 hour later, the samples were harvested for qPCR analysis. This experiment was repeated three times. For the adult zebrafish (3-month post-fertilization [mpf]) experiment, zebrafish of similar weight were chosen for further experiments. Two flasks were filled with 200 ml of water. Three smyd3 -null zebrafish ( smyd3 -/- ) were put into one flask, and three wildtype siblings ( smyd3 +/+ ) were put into the second flask. The oxygen concentration in the hypoxia workstation was adjusted to 5% ahead of time. After putting the flasks containing zebrafish into the hypoxia workstation, the behavior of the zebrafish was closely monitored. All animal protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Institute of
Studying and Leveraging API Usage Patterns

Software projects make use of libraries extensively. Libraries have intended API surfaces—sets of exposed library interfaces that library developers expect clients to use. However, in practice, clients only use small fractions of intended API surfaces of libraries. Clients also use libraries in unexpected ways sometimes. Understanding usage patterns of library APIs by clients is beneficial to both client and library developers—targeting issues such as version upgrades, breaking changes and software bloating. We have implemented a tool to study both static and dynamic interactions between clients, the libraries they use, and those libraries’ direct dependencies. We use this tool to carry out a detailed study of API usage patterns on 90 clients and 11 libraries. We present a classification framework for developers to classify API uses. We then describe two additional developer-focussed applications of the data that our tool produces: a secondary visualization tool VizAPI, as well as the concept of library fission. Conceivably, VizAPI can allow client and library developers to answer the following queries about the interaction of their code and the libraries they depend on: Will my client code be affected by breaking changes in library APIs? Which APIs in my library’s source code are commonly used by clients? The concept of library fission, by which we mean the splitting of libraries into sub-modules, is based on the usage patterns that we observe. This can potentially help library developers release backward compatible versions of their libraries. It could also help client developers isolate breaking changes and reduce the likelihood of vulnerabilities and version conflicts that may be introduced through direct or transitive dependencies.
Expression of SARS-Cov-2 Entry Factors in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis (CH) of dysmetabolic or viral etiology has been associated with poor prognosis in patients who experienced the severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection. We aimed to explore the impact of SARS-Cov-2 infection on disease severity in a group of patients with CH. Forty-two patients with CH of different etiology were enrolled (median age, 56 years; male gender, 59%). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were measured in plasma samples of all patients by ELISA and in the liver tissue of a subgroup of 15 patients by Western blot. Overall, 13 patients (31%) experienced SARS-Cov-2 infection: 2/15 (15%) had CHB, 5/12 (39%) had CHC, and 6/15 (46%) had non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Compared to viral CH patients, NAFLD subjects showed higher circulating ACE2 levels (p = 0.0019). Similarly, hepatic expression of ACE2 was higher in subjects who underwent SARS-Cov-2 infection compared to the counterpart, (3.24 ± 1.49 vs. 1.49 ± 1.32, p = 0.032). Conversely, hepatic TMPRSS2 was significantly lower in patients who experienced symptomatic COVID-19 disease compared to asymptomatic patients (p = 0.0038). Further studies are necessary to understand the impact of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing liver diseases.
Threshold characteristics and extended wavelength operation of GaAs1−x′Sbx′/ AlyGa1−yAs1−xSbx double‐heterostructure lasers

A normalized threshold current density Jth/d = 4.0 kA cm−2 μm−1 has been determined for pulsed broad‐area room‐temperature GaAs1−x′Sbx′/AlyGa1−yAs1−xSb x DH lasers of length 380 μm over a range of active‐layer thicknesses d. Thresholds as low as 1.2 kA cm−2 and differential efficiencies up to 35% have been obtained in the wavelength range 0.99–1.06 μm. cw operation of stripe‐geometry lasers is also described.
Simulations of the Fomalhaut system within its local galactic environment

Fomalhaut A is among the most well-studied nearby stars and has been discovered to possess a putative planetary object as well as a remarkable eccentric dust belt. This eccentric dust belt has often been interpreted as the dynamical signature of one or more planets that elude direct detection. However, the system also contains two other stellar companions residing ~100,000 AU from Fomalhaut A. We have designed a new symplectic integration algorithm to model the evolution of Fomalhaut A's planetary dust belt in concert with the dynamical evolution of its stellar companions to determine if these companions are likely to have generated the dust belt's morphology. Using our numerical simulations, we find that close encounters between Fomalhaut A and B are expected, with a ~25% probability that the two stars have passed within at least 400 AU of each other at some point. Although the outcomes of such encounter histories are extremely varied, these close encounters nearly always excite the eccentricity of Fomalhaut A's dust belt and occasionally yield morphologies very similar to the observed belt. With these results, we argue that close encounters with Fomalhaut A's stellar companions should be considered a plausible mechanism to explain its eccentric belt, especially in the absence of detected planets capable of sculpting the belt's morphology. More broadly, we can also conclude from this work that very wide binary stars may often generate asymmetries in the stellar debris disks they host.
Phase diagram of electronic systems with quadratic Fermi nodes in $2 < d < 4$: $2+\epsilon$ expansion, $4-\epsilon$ expansion, and functional renormalization group

Several materials in the regime of strong spin-orbit interaction such as HgTe, the pyrochlore iridate Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$, and the half-Heusler compound LaPtBi, as well as various systems related to these three prototype materials, are believed to host a quadratic band touching point at the Fermi level. Recently, it has been proposed that such a three-dimensional gapless state is unstable to a Mott-insulating ground state at low temperatures when the number of band touching points $N$ at the Fermi level is smaller than a certain critical number $N_c$. We further substantiate and quantify this scenario by various approaches. Using $\epsilon$ expansion near two spatial dimensions, we show that $N_c = 64/(25 \epsilon^2) + O(1/\epsilon)$ and demonstrate that the instability for $N < N_c$ is towards a nematic ground state that can be understood as if the system were under (dynamically generated) uniaxial strain. We also propose a truncation of the functional renormalization group equations in the dynamical bosonization scheme which we show to agree to one-loop order with the results from $\epsilon$ expansion both near two as well as near four dimensions, and which smoothly interpolates between these two perturbatively accessible limits for general $2<d<4$. Directly in $d=3$ we therewith find $N_c = 1.86$, and thus again above the physical $N=1$. All these results are consistent with the prediction that the interacting ground state of pure, unstrained HgTe, and possibly also Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$, is a strong topological insulator with a dynamically-generated gap -- a topological Mott insulator.
Potassium limitation of forest productivity – Part 2: CASTANEA-MAESPA-K shows a reduction in photosynthesis rather than a stoichiometric limitation of tissue formation

Abstract. Potassium (K) availability constrains forest productivity. Brazilian eucalypt plantations are a good example of the K limitation of wood production. Here, we built upon a previously described model (CASTANEA-MAESPA-K) and used it to understand whether the simulated decline in C source under K deficiency was sufficient to explain the K limitation of wood productivity in Brazilian eucalypt plantations. We developed allocation schemes for both C and K and included these in CASTANEA-MAESPA-K. Neither direct limitations of the C-sink activity nor direct modifications of the C allocation by K availability were included in the model. Simulation results show that the model was successful in replicating the observed patterns of wood productivity limitation by K deficiency. Simulations also show that the response of net primary productivity (NPP) is not linear with increasing K fertilisation. Simulated stem carbon use and water use efficiencies decreased with decreasing levels of K availability. Simulating a direct stoichiometric limitation of NPP or wood growth was not necessary to reproduce the observed decline of productivity under K limitation, suggesting that K stoichiometric plasticity could be different to that of N and P. Confirming previous results from the literature, the model simulated an intense recirculation of K in the trees, suggesting that retranslocation processes were essential for tree functioning. Optimal K fertilisation levels calculated by the model were similar to nutritional recommendations currently applied in Brazilian eucalypt plantations, paving the way for validation of the model at a larger scale and of this approach for developing decision-making tools to improve fertilisation practices.
Conditional Contrastive Networks

A vast amount of structured information associated with unstructured data, such as images or text, is stored online. This structured information implies different similarity relationships among unstructured data. Recently, embeddings trained using contrastive learning on web-scraped unstructured data have been shown to have state-of-the-art performance across computer vision tasks. However, contrastive learning methods typically use only a single metric of similarity. In this paper, we propose conditional contrastive networks (CCNs) as a way of using multiple notions of similarity in structured data. Our novel conditional contrastive loss is able to learn multiple disjoint similarity notions by projecting each similarity notion into a different subspace. We show empirically that our CCNs perform better than single-label trained cross-entropy networks, single-label trained supervised-contrastive networks, multi-task trained cross-entropy networks, and previously proposed conditional similarity networks–on both the attributes on which it was trained and on unseen attributes.
Developments in unsteady pipe flow friction modelling

W pracy omowiono wplyw bledow numerycznych na jakośc rozwiązania rownan uderzenia hydraulicznego. Wykazano role dyfuzji numerycznej i jej wplyw na dokladnośc rozwiązania w porownaniu z czlonem tarcia.
Journal Pre-proof insights into glucose-dependent transcriptional regulation by PDX1

The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) is a central regulator of glucose-dependent transcription of insulin in pancreatic β cells. PDX1 transcription factor activity is integral to the development and sustained health of the pancreas; accordingly, deciphering the complex network of cellular cues that lead to PDX1 activation or inactivation is an important step toward understanding the etiopathologies of pancreatic diseases and the development of novel therapeutics. Despite three research into PDX1 control of Insulin expression, the molecular mechanisms that dictate the function of PDX1 in response to glucose are still elusive. The transcriptional activation functions of PDX1 are regulated, in part, by its two intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) which pose a barrier to its structural and biophysical characterization. Indeed, many studies of PDX1 interactions, clinical mutations, and post-translational modifications lack molecular-level detail. Emerging study transactivation enable us to validate and interrogate the biochemical and biophysical features of PDX1 that dictate its function. review is to summarize existing PDX1 studies and, further, to generate a comprehensive
A Python library for computing individual and merged non-CO2 algorithmic climate change functions: CLIMaCCF V1.0

Abstract. Aviation aims to reduce its climate effect by adopting trajectories that avoid regions of the atmosphere where aviation emissions have a large impact. To that end, prototype algorithmic climate change functions (aCCFs) can be used, which provide spatially and temporally resolved information on aviation's climate effect in terms of future near-surface temperature change. These aCCFs can be calculated with meteorological input data obtained from, e.g., numerical weather prediction models. We present here the open-source Python library called CLIMaCCF, an easy-to-use and flexible tool which efficiently calculates both the individual aCCFs (i.e., aCCF of water vapor, nitrogen oxide (NOx)-induced ozone production and methane depletion, and contrail cirrus) and the merged non-CO2 aCCFs that combine all these individual contributions. To construct merged aCCFs all individual aCCFs are converted to the same physical unit. This unit conversion needs the technical specification of aircraft and engine parameters, i.e., NOx emission indices and flown distance per kilogram of burned fuel. These aircraft- and engine-specific values are provided within CLIMaCCF version V1.0 for a set of aggregated aircraft and engine classes (i.e., regional, single-aisle, wide-body). Moreover, CLIMaCCF allows the user to choose from a range of physical climate metrics (i.e., average temperature response for pulse or future scenario emissions over the time horizons of 20, 50, or 100 years). Finally, we demonstrate the abilities of CLIMaCCF through a series of example applications.
General policy mapping: online continual reinforcement learning inspired on the insect brain

We have developed a model for online continual or lifelong reinforcement learning (RL) inspired on the insect brain. Our model leverages the offline training of a feature extraction and a common general policy layer to enable the convergence of RL algorithms in online settings. Sharing a common policy layer across tasks leads to positive backward transfer, where the agent continuously improved in older tasks sharing the same underlying general policy. Biologically inspired restrictions to the agent's network are key for the convergence of RL algorithms. This provides a pathway towards efficient online RL in resource-constrained scenarios.
Design of Hydroxyapatite-Polyetheretherketone Fixation Plates for Diaphysis Femur Fracture

 Abstract — In this study, scanned data of a damaged femur diaphysis are used to generate three dimensional model of the bone. Further, customized implant of Hydroxyapatite-Polyetheretherketone (HA-PEEK) material for this damaged bone is prepared using CAD modeling. Damaged bone and implant have been assembled to prepare the intact bone. This assembled model has been analyzed to evaluate the stresses and deformation developed during the static loading. It has been observed that these stresses and deformation are very less thus imply that the proposed method of preparing implant is appropriate.
Induction of Direct Endosome to Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells (LdlF) with a Temperature-sensitive Defect in (cid:1) -Coatomer Protein ( (cid:1) -COP)*

In the present study we demonstrate that ricin, appar-ently without passing through the Golgi apparatus, reaches the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and intoxicates cells in which the Golgi apparatus has been vesiculated by depletion of (cid:1) -COP, a subunit of COPI. LdlF cells contain a temperature-sensitive mutation in (cid:1) -COP. At the nonpermissive temperature (cid:1) -COP is degraded, and the Golgi apparatus undergoes a morphological change. To study ricin transport in these cells we used ricin sulf-2, a modified ricin molecule containing glycosylation and sulfation sites. Measurements of the incorporation of radioactive mannose into ricin sulf-2 showed that ricin reached the ER in cells depleted of (cid:1) -COP. Impor-tantly, by investigating the glycosylation of ricin sulf-2 that was modified with radioactive sulfate in the trans-Golgi network, it was demonstrated that transport of ricin to the ER via the Golgi apparatus was severely inhibited. Moreover, we found that ricin was able to intoxicate ldlF cells depleted of (cid:1) -COP in the presence of brefeldin A. In contrast, control cells were completely protected against ricin by brefeldin The degradation of 125 I-labeled ricin was as the amount of radioactivity precipitated by acid Protein Synthesis— cells and the cells were Finally, the cells were solubilized in KOH (0.1 M and the acid-precipitable radioactivity was measured. The results are expressed in percent of [ 3 H]leucine incorporated in cells incubated without toxin. Deviations between duplicates did not vary by more than 10%. Sulfation and Mannosylation of Ricin Sulf-2— Ricin A-chain sulf-2 a sulfation site and three partially overlapping N -glycosyla- tion sites in the carboxyl terminus was and recon-stituted with ricin B-chain form ricin sulf-2 as previously The cells incubated (cid:3) Ci/ml DMEM in the ER. The transport to the cytosol is BFA-sensitive. , transport of ricin to the ER in ldlF cells lacking (cid:1) -COP. Ricin seems to be transported to the ER by an alternative mechanism in ldlF cells lacking (cid:1) -COP. Sulfation exper- iments show that ricin sulf-2 that has been sulfated in the TGN is not glycosylated in the ER. However, mannosylation experiments show that ricin incorporates radioactive mannose in the ER. The transport to the cytosol is BFA-resistant.
Lithic Feature Identification in 3D based on Discrete Morse Theory

Neanderthals and our human ancestors have coexisted for a large period of time sharing many things in common including the production of tools, which are among the few remaining artefacts providing a possible insight into the different paths of evolvement and extinction. These earliest tools were made of stone using different strategies to reduce a rather round stone to a sharp tool for slicing, scraping, piercing or chopping. The type of strategy is assumed to be correlated either with our ancestors or the Neanderthals. Recent research uses computational methods to analyse shapes of lithic artefacts using Geometric MorphoMet-rics (GMM) as known in anthropology. As the main criteria for determining a production strategy are morphologic measures like shape, size, roughness of convex ridges and concave scars, we propose a new method based on discrete Morse theory for surface segmentation to enable GMM analysis in future work. We show the theoretical concepts for the proposed segmentation, which have been applied to a dataset being available via Open Access. For validation we have created a statistically signiﬁcant subset of segmented simple and complex lithic tools, which have been manually segmented by an expert as ground truth. We ﬁnally show results of our experiments on this real dataset.