Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarimetric Calibration Using a Genetic Algorithm

This letter presents a novel calibration approach to polarimetric synthetic aperture radar using distributed targets with known scattering characteristics. A genetic algorithm with complex-valued encoding is proposed to solve the overdetermined system of nonlinear equations associated with the polarimetric calibration problem. The proposed genetic algorithm is described in detail, and validation of the algorithm is performed by numerical simulations.
Money and financial markets

Introduction - money and financial markets, Mark P.Taylor. Part 1 Assessing the literature: money demand analysis - an outline, Keith Cuthbertson, David Barlow financial market analysis - an outline, Ronald MacDonald and Mark P.Taylor. Part 2 Money demand studies: money demand in five major countries, estimating and interpreting error-correction models, James M.Boughton modelling broad and narrow money, a study using cointegration, Martin Brookes et al endogenous financial innovation and the demand for MO, Peter Westaway and David Walton money demand in high-inflation countries, a South American perpsective, Kate Phylakis and Mark P.Taylor the demand for money in four countries in the interwar period - a study using monthly data, Jonathan Slow et al. Part 3 Money and financial markets: some news on covered interest arbitrage, Mark P.Taylor, Patricia Fraser monitoring bank risk - a market based approach, David Miles, Stephen Hall information, interest rates and the volatility of asset prices, Laurence Copeland, Richard C. Stapleton the decision to disclose research and development expenditure in the presence of a takeover threat, Jane Black, Ian Tonks persistence in stock market returns - a disaggregated perspective, Roanld MacDonald, David Power global capital market integration and the current account, Michael Artis, Tamim Bayoumi financial disorder and the theory of crisis, E.P.Davis. Part 4 New directions in financial market analysis: neural networks and asset prices, Paul Ormerod chartists, fundamentalists and the transmission of opinion, Alan Kirman.
Biochemical Characterization of Two Different Forms of the Substance P Receptor in Rat Submaxillary Gland

Abstract: Studies were designed to examine the basis for the difference in molecular weights of the two proteins detected in membrane preparations of rat submaxillary glands after photolabeling with a radioactive analogue of substance P, 125I‐p‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine8‐substance P. When the two proteins were separated and individually digested with endoglycosidase F, the relative molecular weight of each protein was reduced by ∼ 10,000, indicating that the extent of glycosylation of both proteins is the same. To test whether the difference in their molecular weights can be attributed to a difference in the lengths of the two proteins, photolabeled membranes were treated with carboxypeptidase Y before solubilization to remove from each photolabeled protein the carboxy‐terminal portion that extends beyond the membrane. Only one, albeit diffuse, band was now observed that on subsequent deglycosylation with endoglycosidase F was more clearly seen to be a single band, indicating that differing lengths of peptide chains were cleaved from the two proteins. These results permit the interpretation that the difference in the two forms of the substance P receptor present in rat submaxillary glands is due to differences in the length of their carboxy termini.
MAP kinase phosphorylation is dispensable for cell division, but required for cell growth in Drosophila

Proper activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway is broadly required during development, and in many cases, signal transduction downstream of the receptor is linear. Thus, different mechanisms exist to properly regulate the large number of specific developmental outputs that are required by the activation of this pathway. Previously, we have reported a regulated cytoplasmic sequestration of phosphorylated MAPK (pMAPK) in developing Drosophila compound eyes and wings “called MAPK Cytoplasmic Hold”. In the developing wing, we have shown that cytoplasmic hold promotes the differentiation of wing vein tissue, while pMAPK nuclear translocation regulates growth and division. We had also suggested that the Ras pathway signals for inducing cell growth and cell division split upstream of the nuclear translocation of MAPK itself. Here, we further refine the role of MAPK in Drosophila. We report evidence that suggests, for the first time, that the phosphorylation of MAPK is itself another step in the regulation of cell growth and division in both Drosophila wing and eye cells. We show that inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, or pMAPK nuclear translocation, is sufficient to block cell growth, but not cell division. These data suggest that non-phosphorylated MAPK is sufficient to induce cell division, but not cell growth, once inside the nucleus of the cell.
Organizing migrant workers

The structural position of black and minority ethnic workers (BME) and migrant workers in the UK labour market is relatively well known. Many workers in these groups find themselves in low-paid, low-skilled jobs primarily because of their ethnicity and regardless of their skills. This racialization of the labour market has been well documented - particularly since the ‘large-scale’ BME immigration in the post-war period. What is less well known is what it is like to work in these increasingly segmented sections of the economy where white workers have abandoned jobs in favour of (slightly) more lucrative work. Adopting a case-study approach, this article follows a trade union’s attempt to organize a sandwich factory of 500 workers, where most of the workforce was made up of BME migrant workers.
The Yeast Pma1 Proton Pump: a Model for Understanding the Biogenesis of Plasma Membrane Proteins*

Present address: Universite de Poitiers, Faculte des Sciences, Laboratoire de Genetique de la Levure, ESA 6161, IBMIG, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France. * To whom correspondence should be addressed Tel: (203)737-1770 Fax: (203)785-7227 Email: carolyn.slayman@yale.edu Running title: Yeast Pma1 biogenesis Keywords: Pma1-H
Does Altruism Undermine Existence Value

Abstract The debate over the use of contingent valuation for existence values or passive-use values has failed to explore the validity of motives for such values. One potential motive, altruism, has conflicting implications for benefit-cost analysis, depending on whether the altruist is paternalistic. This paper constructs models of three types of altruism and shows how benefit-cost analysis responds to each type of altruism, how damage assessment and restoration depend on each type, and the implications of a population of heterogeneous altruists.
The Feedback Effect of Business Conduct on Industry Structure

S TRUCTURE, conduct and performance have become very popular words among both economists and lawyers involved in issues of industrial organization and antitrust policy. A great deal of attention has been focussed on the ways in which structure, operating through conduct, influences performance. Yet there appear to be convincing reasons for assuming that if closer attention is paid to the effects of business conduct on industrial structure, the usefulness of the structure-conduct-performance approach may be enhanced both in the theory of industrial organization and as a tool of public policy. The primary objectives of this article are to call attention to the "feedback" impact of conduct on structure and to examine certain antitrust cases in which this phenomenon has been significant. As a preliminary step to such a discussion it seems advisable to take note of a prolonged debate in which the feedback relationship seems relevant and to date neglected.
Sialometrical and Sialochemical Analysis of Patients with Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease—A Prolonged Study

Patients with graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) suffer from oral dryness and increased levels of oral infections and mucosal pathologies. The purpose of the current study was dual: 1) to investigate the salivary functional (sialometry) and compositional (sialochemistry) alterations induced by the disease during a 12-month period following the onset of the disease; and 2) to evaluate the effect of Salagen® 30 mg/d on the salivary biochemical and immunological composition in cGVHD patients. Significant higher concentrations of salivary sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and total IgG accompanied by a concomitant increase in total IgA that did not reach significant value was observed in cGVHD patients in comparison with controls at both resting and stimulated conditions(p<0.05) while salivary levels of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and phosphate (P) were not altered. Two weeks of oral Salagen 30 mg/d resulted in normalization of the salivary biochemical and immunological compositional alterations in the cGVHD patients. Oral pilocarpine was able to reduce and normalize the elevated levels of Na, Mg, TP, Alb, EGF, IgG, and IgA salivary concentrations at both resting and stimulated conditions. The ability of oral pilocarpine to normalize and reverse salivary biochemical and immunological alterations induced by cGVHD is parallel to its stimulatory effect on salivary flow rates, as we previously showed. As the biochemical and immunological composition of the saliva results in its antimicrobial protective characteristics, the ability of oral pilocarpine (Salagen) to abrogate cGVHD salivary gland abnormalities may be of clinical importance.
Wind Power Development: Opportunities and Challenges

In this study, the prospects of wind power at the global level are reviewed. Existing studies indicate that the earth’s wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1% of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40% annual growth in wind generating capacity over the last 25 years. More than 98% of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. Existing studies estimate that wind power could supply 7% to 34% of global electricity needs by 2050. Wind power faces a large number of technical, financial, institutional, market and other barriers. To overcome these, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital subsidies, tax incentives, tradable energy certificates, feed-in tariffs, grid access guarantees and mandatory standards. Besides these policies, climate change mitigation initiatives resulting from the Kyoto Protocol (e.g., CO2-emission reduction targets in developed, the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries) have played a pivotal role in promoting wind power.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT USERS‘ PERCEPTIONS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE ABILITY OF AUDITORS TO RESIST CLIENT PRESSURE IN A CONFLICT SITUATION

: This study investigates the perceived effects of four factors on the likelihood that an auditor will acquiesce to the demands of a client when a dispute arises over a significant financial reporting issue. A repeated measures experiment was conducted using 49 security analysts and 69 bankers as subjects. Analysis of Variance results indicate that an auditor is perceived as being more likely to acquiesce to his client's demands when the accounting issue in dispute is not dealt with clearly by an accounting standard. Auditors also are viewed as being more likely to acquiesce when: (1) competition in the audit environment is aggressive; (2) the audit firm is small; and (3) the audit firm provides management consulting services to its audit client.
Escolha ocupacional e transição no Brasil Metropolitano: uma análise com ênfase no setor informal

This paper investigates the informal sector in Brazilian metropolitan areas. The objectives are to investigate personal attributes of the informal workers and to verify who of these workers make transition out of that occupation. The results for the first objective point that high-education individual has higher probability to be employee without a labor card, unemployed and inactive than informal worker. About transition, the results show that entrepreneurship time is more important than personal attributes on the probability of staying in the informal economy.
Alcohol consumption behaviors among athletic training students at accredited athletic training education programs in the mid-america athletic trainers' association.

CONTEXT Alcohol consumption among college students has been evaluated at many levels, but assessment of alcohol consumption among collegiate athletic training students has not been substantially reviewed. Understanding the alcohol use of this college-age group adds to the overall literature on alcohol consumption of the college student population. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption behaviors in collegiate athletic training students using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). DESIGN A cross-sectional survey using the AUDIT. SETTING The AUDIT questionnaire was sent to the program directors of all Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs-accredited athletic training education programs in the Mid-America Athletic Trainers' Association. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Fourteen of the 35 athletic training education programs agreed to take part in the study, yielding a 40% response rate. Three hundred and forty-eight of the 946 athletic training students (36%) solicited agreed to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Maximum score on the AUDIT out of a possible score of 40. RESULTS The mean AUDIT score for the sample was 7.47, with an SD of 5.69. Thirty-seven percent of participants demonstrated an AUDIT score of 9 or above. Nearly 18% of participants reported having 6 or more drinks at one sitting on a weekly basis. CONCLUSIONS It is difficult to compare athletic training students' alcohol consumption with that of other student groups. The greater percentage of athletic training students does not drink in excess on a frequent basis.
Responses to Endorsement of Commonality by Ingroup and Outgroup Members

Two experiments integrated research on the roles of common identity and social norms in intergroup orientations. Experiment 1 demonstrated that learning that ingroup members categorized the ingroup (Spaniards) and outgroup (Eastern European immigrants) within a common identity (European) produced more positive intergroup orientations toward immigrants. By contrast, learning that outgroup members held the same position elicited less positive orientations compared with a condition in which the information came from a neutral source. The effects were mediated by one-group representations. Experiment 2 also found that endorsement of a common identity generated more positive intergroup orientations when it was expressed by ingroup than outgroup members and revealed how this effect may be sequentially mediated by personal one-group representations and symbolic threat.
Remission of CVB3‐induced viral myocarditis by in vivo Th2 polarization via hydrodynamics‐based interleukin‐4 gene transfer

Regulation of Th polarization was critical for the prevention of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induced myocarditis. In the present study, interleukin (IL)‐4 was over‐expressed by hydrodynamics‐based gene transfection (HGT) to induce the in vivo Th2 bias and evaluate the influence of Th polarization on the pathogenesis of CVB3‐myocaditis.
EXCHANGE RATE PASS-THROUGH

The resilience of trade balances of the major industrialized economies to changes in their exchange rates has evoked interest in the exchange rate pass-through relationship. So far, there has not been a comprehensive survey of this literature. The paper aims to fill this gap in two ways. First, it pieces together the theoretical literature on exchange rate pass-through. Second, it provides a critical survey of the empirical literature on exchange rate pass-through. Emphasis is placed on the data and methodology employed in previous work. This is done in order to guide future work in this growing area of research. Copyright 1995 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd
High-Order PCA of Video Volume Tensors for Human Action Representation and Recognition Shu Kong and

Human action in video sequences can be seen as multidimensional arrays, i.e., tensors, and action video of gray-scale can be directly modeled as a typical 3rd-order tensor. In this paper, we exploit an efficient appearance-based method for recognition of action video volumes using silhouettes based on high order SVD. We use the silhouette ensembles to form a 3rd-order tensor for each action video, search a tensor-based principal component analysis (PCA) to do dimensionality reduction and analyze action volumes. Through experiments on a common database, we see our method not only preserves the spatiotemporal information of the video, but also outperforms the 1-mode PCA in appearance-based recognition of human actions. Keywords—Tensor, Action Recognition, Dimensionality Reduction, High Order PCA, High Order SVD.
An analysis of short‐run performance of cross‐border mergers and acquisitions: Evidence from the UK acquiring firms

Purpose - The aim of this paper is to consider the short-run performance of UK firms acquiring foreign target firms over a period of 1994-2003 and to explore the impact of deal size and other firm-specific factors on performance. Cross-border mergers and acquisitions have witnessed a substantial growth worldwide, with the UK being one of the top acquiring nations in the global market for corporate control. Design/methodology/approach - The paper first uses event study methodology to analyse short-run share price performance. Then a univariate analysis to examine the factors influencing the short-run performance based on a sample of 373 acquisitions over the period of 1994 to 2003. Findings - The study finds that the UK acquirers do not earn statistically significant positive abnormal returns in the short-run. Univariate analysis shows that short-run performance of UK acquirers is influenced by the form of target, acquisition strategy, geographical origin of target firm and the payment methods. However, the study finds no support for size of acquisition deal as a determinant of performance of acquiring firm. Originality/value - The paper attempts to shed more light and extend existing research in cross-border mergers and acquisitions by examining short-run performance and factors influencing performance.
The effects of understanding rules and a worked example on the acquisition of procedural knowledge and task performance

Previous research (for example, Bonner and Walker, 1994) has investigated the impact of alternative forms of instruction and practice on both the acquisition of procedural knowledge and task performance. Responding to the call to consider alternative forms of instruction, this study reports the results of an experiment designed to distinguish between the effects of understanding rules and a worked example. Worked examples (such as previously prepared working papers, analysis sheets and spreadsheet templates) are of particular interest as they constitute an important source, frequently used by novice accountants, for understanding and performing various tasks. The results indicate that understanding rules increase task performance through the acquisition of procedural knowledge, while a worked example provides task-specific heuristics that increase task performance but not procedural knowledge. The different benefits of the two forms of instruction emphasise the importance of matching instruction methods to learning objectives. Furthermore, combining the two forms of instruction lead to the highest levels of task performance even with limited practice and no feedback. JEL classification: I20; M41
Comparison of a trial of labor with an elective second cesarean section.

BACKGROUND In an attempt to reduce the rate of cesarean section, obstetricians now offer a trial of labor to pregnant women who have had a previous cesarean section. Although a trial of labor is usually successful and is relatively safe, few studies have directly addressed the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with this method of delivery. METHODS We performed a population-based, longitudinal study of 6138 women in Nova Scotia who had previously undergone cesarean section and had delivered a singleton live infant in the period from 1986 through 1992. RESULTS A total of 3249 women elected a trial of labor, and 2889 women chose to undergo a second cesarean section. There were no maternal deaths. The overall rate of maternal morbidity was 8.1 percent; 1.3 percent had major complications (a need for hysterectomy, uterine rupture, or operative injury) and 6.9 percent had minor complications (puerperal fever, a need for blood transfusion, or abdominal-wound infection). Although the overall rate of maternal complications did not differ significantly between women who chose a trial of labor and the women who elected cesarean section (odds ratio for the trial-of-labor group, 0.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.8 to 1.1), major complications were nearly twice as likely among women undergoing a trial of labor (odds ratio, 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.0). Apgar scores, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and perinatal mortality were similar among the infants whose mothers had a trial of labor and those whose mothers underwent elective cesarean section. CONCLUSION Among pregnant women who have had a cesarean section, major maternal complications are almost twice as likely among those whose deliveries are managed with a trial of labor as among those who undergo an elective second cesarean section.
Minimal stimulation IVF with late follicular phase administration of the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix and concomitant substitution with recombinant FSH: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND The use of the natural cycle for IVF offers the advantage of a patient-friendly and low-risk protocol. Its effectiveness is limited, but may be improved by using a GnRH antagonist to prevent untimely LH surges. METHODS In this pilot study, minimal stimulation IVF with late follicular phase administration of the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix and simultaneous substitution with recombinant FSH was applied for a maximum of three cycles per patient. Main outcome measures were pregnancy rates per started cycle and cumulative pregnancy rates after three cycles. RESULTS A total of 50 patients completed 119 cycles (2.4 per patient). Fifty-two embryo transfers resulted in 17 ongoing pregnancies [14.3% per started cycle; 32.7% per embryo transfer; 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9-20.7% and 19.7-45.7%, respectively]. One dizygotic twin pregnancy occurred after transfer of two embryos, the other pregnancies were singletons. The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate after three cycles was 34% (95% CI 20.6-47.4%). Live birth rate was 32% per patient (95% CI 18.8-45.2%). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy rates after IVF with minimal, late follicular phase stimulation are encouraging. Considering the low-risk and patient-friendly nature of this protocol, it may be a feasible alternative to IVF with ovarian hyperstimulation.