Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
match ′ 3 nucleation of the miRNA : mRNA pairing occurs preferentially at the Analysis of the accessibility of CLIP bound sites reveals that Material Supplemental

To find out whether the AGO-miRNA complex is more sensitive to the accessibility of a particular region inside the seed match, we analyze in detail the accessibility of a wide set of miRNA binding sites validated by PAR-CLIP and HITS-CLIP experiments. Our analysis reveals that nucleotides at the 39-end of bound seed matches are significantly more accessible than nucleotides at the 59-end as well as nucleotides at any positions in the unbound seed matches. We show that the accessibility of a single nucleotide at the 39-end is more effective than the accessibility of several nucleotides at the 59-end in discriminating between functional and nonfunctional binding sites. Analysis of mRNA and protein fold changes induced by miRNA overexpression demonstrates that genes with accessible nucleation regions at the 39-end are down-regulated more strongly than genes whose accessible nucleation regions are located elsewhere within the seed match. We also observed an increase in the precision of the miRNA target prediction algorithm PACMIT when accessibility toward the 39-end of the seed match was required. The pronounced sensitivity of the AGO–miRNA complex to the accessibility of the 39-end of the seed match suggests that, in most cases, nucleation occurs in this region. We show that this conclusion is consistent with previous experimental studies.
A low power detection routing method for bufferless NoC

Network-on-Chip has been proposed for high performance on-chip communication. The major component of a Network-on-Chip architecture is the router, which affects the data transmission latency, chip area and power consumption. Inside the router, buffers occupy a significant a mount of power and a large partition of chip area. Therefore bufferless NoC, which discards the buffers in the routers, has been proposed for solving the power and area problem. In this paper, a low power deflection routing method is proposed for the bufferless on-chip network dealing with the routing problem and achieving the low power goal. The proposed method uses routing matrix for constructing the possible routing path, and then selects the best route for each data packet. Only few calculations are used in this method therefore lowering power consumption the low power goal. The experimental result shows that the proposed approach can greatly reduce power consumption and chip are compared with previous work.
Fossil evidence of Archaean life

Evidence for the existence of life during the Archaean segment of Earth history (more than 2500 Myr ago) is summarized. Data are presented for 48 Archaean deposits reported to contain biogenic stromatolites, for 14 such units reported to contain 40 morphotypes of putative microfossils, and for 13 especially ancient, 3200–3500 Myr old geologic units for which available organic geochemical data are also summarized. These compilations support the view that life's existence dates from more than or equal to 3500 Myr ago.
Feline panleukopenia in Japan. I. Isolation and characterization of the virus.

Feline panleukopenia (FPL) virus was isolated on direct monolayer culturefrom the spleen of a cat which had manifested the symptoms of FPL. It formed intra-nucleaf inclusions in cat kidney cell cultures, whereas no definite cytopathogenic effect wasobserved on these cultures.The virus showed a resistance to ether, chloroform, sodium deoxycholate, and pH 3.0. It was not inactivated completely after heating at 80C for 30 minutes. Viral replicationwas inhibited by 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine. The virus passed through a membrane filter 25 nmin pc)re size. No significant hemagglutination of the virus was observed with the erythro-cyte of guinea pig, rat, rabbit, cat, chicken, sheep, calf or horse, but the virus hemagglu-tinated swine erythrocytes under an appropriate condition. The virus was neutralized onlyby FPL-immune serum among 16 kinds of immune sera against feline viruses. A survey onthe serological evidence of the virus in healthy cats indicated that 50% of the kittens 0 to3 weeks old and all the adult cats examined had neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1024 orover, and that all the 18 kittens 4 to 24 weeks old surveyed had titers of less than l:16.
Social Influence on Being a Pay User in Freemium-based Social Networks

Social networks based on free plus premium (Freemium) business model offer basic services for free, while charging premium for advanced features with added value to a small subset of users. While a large loyal user base is indispensable, social connections and interactions with people paying for premium services may, to a great extent, influence the probability of free users to become pay users. We perform an empirical study on the probability of being a pay user under the social influence of pay users in the 59 million friend pairs of Flickr and 61 million friend pairs of Last. FM users, from the influence of pay users in the 40 million Flickr photo favorite interactions and from the influence of pay users in the 59 million Flickr photo comment interactions. With the same number of pay users in the three types of social influence, we find that influence from pay users in one's friend circle is overwhelmingly higher, followed by that from pay users in photo favorite interactions and that from pay users in photo comment interactions. The greater the number of pay users in the three types of influence, the more likely that a user would be a pay user, however there seems to be a limit upon which no additional benefit is reaped. The results can be used to help freemium-based social networks improve and promote the premium features, to attract more users to pay for it.
The Reliability and Validity of a Short Form of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

The Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) is a 127-item measure designed to assess problems of an interpersonal nature in a clinical setting. As an outcome measure, however, its clinical use is limited due to its length and current trends in therapy research toward multiple, rather than merely pre- and post-, assessments. A shortened form of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IP-S) is proposed to remedy this limitation and to encourage repeated testing over time. This article examines the psychometric properties of the IIP-S as well as its potential as an outcome instrument. High reliability and validity coefficients were found, and the IIP-S was able to distinguish between asymptomatic, community, and outpatient samples. Application of the IIP-S to dose-response research, clinical significance, and the phase model of psychotherapy out-come are also discussed.
Whose legacy is it, anyway? A tale of conflicting agendas in the building of the Hamilton Pan Am Soccer Stadium

Legacy planning is becoming institutionalized in the sport world. In the case of mega-events, it has been argued that symbolic urban regimes seek to host events as a short-cut to international recognition thus kick-starting their tourism industry, and attracting new investment to the city. When Hamilton, Ontario was charged with building a new stadium in order to host some of the events for the Toronto 2015 Pan American Games, the location of the stadium became an ongoing debate involving stakeholders who had worked together for years to attract a mega-event to the city. Documents and archival records are used to chronicle and then understand the debate over the contested legacy of the new Hamilton stadium. The case of Hamilton, Ontario highlights the notion that to consider legacy planning and legacy implementation as one undertaking is flawed. In fact, these two processes must be recognized as distinct actions necessitating different strategies by both leisure managers and scholars involved in legacy work.
Autoimmune Disease During Pregnancy and the Microchimerism Legacy of Pregnancy

Pregnancy has both short-term effects and long-term consequences on the maternal immune system. For women who have an autoimmune disease and subsequently become pregnant, pregnancy can induce amelioration of the mother's disease, such as in rheumatoid arthritis, while exacerbating or having no effect on other autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. That pregnancy also leaves a long-term legacy has recently become apparent by the discovery that bi-directional cell trafficking results in persistence of fetal cells in the mother and of maternal cells in her offspring for decades after birth. The long-term persistence of a small number of cells (or DNA) from a genetically disparate individual is referred to as microchimerism. While microchimerism is common in healthy individuals and is likely to have health benefits, microchimerism has been implicated in some autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis. In this paper, we will first discuss short-term effects of pregnancy on women with autoimmune disease. Pregnancy-associated changes will be reviewed for selected autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune thyroid disease. The pregnancy-induced amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis presents a window of opportunity for insights into both immunological mechanisms of fetal-maternal tolerance and pathogenic mechanisms in autoimmunity. A mechanistic hypothesis for the pregnancy-induced amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis will be described. We will then discuss the legacy of maternal-fetal cell transfer from the perspective of autoimmune diseases. Fetal and maternal microchimerism will be reviewed with a focus on systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), autoimmune thyroid disease, neonatal lupus and type I diabetes mellitus.
Recognition of the spliceosomal branch site RNA helix on the basis of surface and electrostatic features

We have investigated electrostatic and surface features of an essential region of the catalytic core of the spliceosome, the eukaryotic precursor messenger (pre-m)RNA splicing apparatus. The nucleophile for the first of two splicing reactions is the 2′-hydroxyl (OH) of the ribose of a specific adenosine within the intron. During assembly of the spliceosome's catalytic core, this adenosine is positioned by pairing with a short region of the U2 small nuclear (sn)RNA to form the pre-mRNA branch site helix. The solution structure of the spliceosomal pre-mRNA branch site [Newby,M.I. and Greenbaum,N.L. (2002) Nature Struct. Biol., 9, 958–965] showed that a phylogenetically conserved pseudouridine (ψ) residue in the segment of U2 snRNA that pairs with the intron induces a markedly different structure compared with that of its unmodified counterpart. In order to achieve a more detailed understanding of the factors that contribute to recognition of the spliceosome's branch site helix and activation of the nucleophile for the first step of pre-mRNA splicing, we have calculated surface areas and electrostatic potentials of ψ-modified and unmodified branch site duplexes. There was no significant difference between the total accessible area or ratio of total polar:nonpolar groups between modified and unmodified duplexes. However, there was substantially greater exposure of nonpolar area of the adenine base, and less exposure of the 2′-OH, in the ψ-modified structure. Electrostatic potentials computed using a hybrid boundary element and finite difference nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann approach [Boschitsch, A.H. and Fenley, M.O. (2004) J. Comput. Chem., 25, 935–955] revealed a region of exceptionally negative potential in the major groove surrounding the 2′-OH of the branch site adenosine. These surface and electrostatic features may contribute to the overall recognition of the pre-mRNA branch site region by other components of the splicing reaction.
Differences in subjective and objective respiratory parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without pain

Background Few studies have evaluated the associations between respiratory parameters and pain in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences in respiratory parameters between COPD patients who did and did not have pain. Methods In this cross-sectional study respiratory parameters were measured by spirometry and the St Georges Respiratory Questionnaire. Patients responded to a single question that asked if they were generally bothered by pain. Results Of the 100 patients, 45% reported that they were generally bothered by pain. Patients who had pain reported a higher number of comorbidities (P < 0.001) and higher breathlessness scores (P = 0.003). Physical dimensions of breathlessness were significantly associated with pain (P ≤ 0.03). The results of logistic regression analysis determined that a higher number of comorbidities (OR = 0.28; P = 0.026) and higher breathlessness scores (OR = 1.03; P = 0.003) made significant unique contributions to the prediction of pain group membership. Conclusions Comorbidity and breathlessness were risk factors for pain and the physical dimensions of breathlessness were associated with pain.
Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort study

Objective To evaluate the reproductive outcome and the mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies after instrumental vaginal delivery in theatre or caesarean section at full dilatation. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Two urban hospitals with a combined total of 10 000 deliveries a year. Participants A cohort of 393 women with term, singleton, cephalic pregnancies who needed operative delivery in theatre during the second stage of labour from February 1999 to February 2000. Postal questionnaires were received from 283 women (72%) at three years after the initial delivery. Main outcome measure Mode of delivery in the subsequent pregnancy. Results 140 women (49%) achieved a further pregnancy at three years. 91/283 (32%) women wished to avoid a further pregnancy. Women were more likely to aim for vaginal delivery (87% (47/54) v 33% (18/54); adjusted odds ratio 15.55 (95% confidence interval 5.25 to 46.04)) and more likely to have a vaginal delivery (78% (42/54) v 31% (17/54); 9.50 (3.48 to 25.97)) if they had had a previous instrumental vaginal delivery rather than a caesarean section. There was a high rate of vaginal delivery after caesarean section among women who attempted vaginal delivery 17/18 (94%). In both groups, fear of childbirth was a frequently reported reason for avoiding a further pregnancy (51% after instrumental vaginal delivery, 42% after caesarean section; 1.75 (0.58 to 5.25)). Conclusion Instrumental vaginal delivery offers advantages over caesarean section for future delivery outcomes. The psychological impact of operative delivery requires urgent attention.
Identification of multiple transcripts for antioxidant protein 2 (Aop2): differential regulation by oxidative stress and growth factors

Abstract Antioxidant protein 2 is a unique member of the thiol-specific antioxidant family of proteins known to reduce reactive oxygen species in the presence of thiol-containing electron donors. It is also a candidate atherosclerosis susceptibility gene in mice. In the present study, we sought to characterize the transcripts of this gene, and determine which, if any, are regulated by conditions associated with oxidative stress. We have identified multiple Aop2 transcripts by Northern blot, each exhibiting a unique tissue distribution. These include the previously reported 1.47 kb major transcript, two alternative Aop2 transcripts found exclusively in liver, and a testis-specific transcript believed to be the highly related intronless gene Aop2-rs1. Treatment of a murine hepatocyte cell line with glucose oxidase led to the specific and transient induction of the 1.47 kb transcript, while the 3.1 kb transcript was regulated by serum deprivation and re-stimulation with either keratinocyte growth factor or serum in a time-dependent manner. Since these ROS-inducing stimuli involve different mechanisms of action and cellular responses, our data suggest that alternative Aop2 transcripts may play distinct roles in different oxidative stress responses, and possibly in atherosclerosis.
Because It Is There: The Challenge of Mountaineering… for Utility Theory

I argue that four sources of utility that have rarely been incorporated into economic analyses--self-signaling (self-esteem), goal completion, mastery, and meaning--constitute extremely important motives in human behavior. I illustrate the importance of these motives by drawing upon the mountaineering literature. After showing that mountaineering can not possibly be understood as a consumption experience--i.e., an experience that directly yields sensory or mental pleasure--I argue that it can be explained, at least in part, on the basis of these four motives. Moreover, the importance of these motives is not limited to mountaineering, but extends to many if not most economic and noneconomic activities. Copyright 1999 by WWZ and Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG
Analysis of familial aggregation of atopic eczema and other atopic diseases by ODDS RATIO regression models.

In order to determine the relative importance of genetics and the environment on the occurrence of atopic diseases, we investigated the familial aggregation of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis, and allergic asthma in the relatives of 426 patients with atopic eczema and 628 subjects with no history of eczema (5,136 family members in total). Analyses were performed by regression models for odds ratios (OR) allowing us to estimate OR for the familial aggregation and simultaneously to adjust for other covariates. Three models were analyzed assuming that the OR i) is the same among any two members of a family, ii) depends on different familial constellations, i.e., whether the pairs are siblings, parents, or parent/sibling pairs, and iii) is not the same between the father and the children and between the mother and the children. The OR of familial aggregation for atopic eczema was 2.16 (95% confidence interval (95%-CI) 1.58-2.96) if no distinction was made between the degree of relationship. Further analyses within the members of the family showed a high OR among siblings (OR = 3.86; 95%-CI 2.10-7.09), while the OR between parents and siblings was only 1.90 (95%-CI 1.31-2.97). Only for atopic eczema was the familial aggregation between fathers and siblings (ms: OR = 2.66; fs: OR = 1.29). This can be explained by stronger maternal heritability, shared physical environment of mother and child, or environmental events that affect the fetus in utero. Since for all atopic diseases a stronger correlation was found between siblings than between siblings and parents, our study indicates that environmental factors, especially during childhood, seem to explain the recently observed increased frequencies of atopic diseases.
Change Management Guidelines That Address Barriers to Technology Adoption in An Hei Context

The literature reviewed, has suggested that Technology Enhanced Learning and the related domains of education, technology and business interact in a complex and contextual manner as a new emerging episteme. This is one that faces numerous challenges in terms of the effective management when introducing a change for pedagogical practice that involves the ubiquitous use of computing and ICT against a global user base that is influenced by known and unknown barriers to technology adoption. It is suggested that that with a history of organizational change considerations being a pre-dominantly strategic business related construct, and technology related change being a predominantly project managed or service model construct, that a traditional CM or project approach may not adequately address many barriers to technology adoption. As has occurred in other business/IT related interactions such as the Information systems strategy triangle, learning using technology requires a clear marriage of the technological managerial and pedagogical domains. Organizational, Business, IS, and education strategy all need to interact synergistically in order to move forward with technology use for education. The purpose of this project was to conduct a study that focused on the broad context of technology barriers faced by students using technology around a Moodle based online learning environment. The underlying objective was to examine the interaction between change management activity and student perceptions of both technology barriers and change focusing on encouraging the adoption of technology for learning. The project created and presented a typical open source Moodle based virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in a BYOD situation, to a group of 35 second year university students in the form of activities and a quantitative and qualitative survey of the barriers and interactions.
Life expectancy in relation to cardiovascular risk factors: 38 year follow-up of 19 000 men in the Whitehall study

Objective To assess life expectancy in relation to cardiovascular risk factors recorded in middle age. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Men employed in the civil service in London, England. Participants 18 863 men examined at entry in 1967-70 and followed for 38 years, of whom 13 501 died and 4811 were re-examined in 1997. Main outcome measures Life expectancy estimated in relation to fifths and dichotomous categories of risk factors (smoking, “low” or “high” blood pressure (≥140 mm Hg), and “low” or “high” cholesterol (≥5 mmol/l)), and a risk score from these risk factors. Results At entry, 42% of the men were current smokers, 39% had high blood pressure, and 51% had high cholesterol. At the re-examination, about two thirds of the previously “current” smokers had quit smoking shortly after entry and the mean differences in levels of those with high and low levels of blood pressure and cholesterol were attenuated by two thirds. Compared with men without any baseline risk factors, the presence of all three risk factors at entry was associated with a 10 year shorter life expectancy from age 50 (23.7 v 33.3 years). Compared with men in the lowest 5% of a risk score based on smoking, diabetes, employment grade, and continuous levels of blood pressure, cholesterol concentration, and body mass index (BMI), men in the highest 5% had a 15 year shorter life expectancy from age 50 (20.2 v 35.4 years). Conclusion Despite substantial changes in these risk factors over time, baseline differences in risk factors were associated with 10 to 15 year shorter life expectancy from age 50.