Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of face inversion on the detection of emotional faces in visual search

Past literature has indicated that face inversion either attenuates emotion detection advantages in visual search, implying that detection of emotional expressions requires holistic face processing, or has no effect, implying that expression detection is feature based. Across six experiments that utilised different task designs, ranging from simple (single poser, single set size) to complex (multiple posers, multiple set sizes), and stimuli drawn from different databases, significant emotion detection advantages were found for both upright and inverted faces. Consistent with past research, the nature of the expression detection advantage, anger superiority (Experiments 1, 2 and 6) or happiness superiority (Experiments 3, 4 and 5), differed across stimulus sets. However both patterns were evident for upright and inverted faces. These results indicate that face inversion does not interfere with visual search for emotional expressions, and suggest that expression detection in visual search may rely on feature-based mechanisms.
Parallel Input Channels to Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

It is generally accepted that in mammals visual information is sent to the brain along functionally specialized parallel pathways, but whether the mouse visual system uses similar processing strategies is not known. It is important to resolve this issue because the mouse brain provides a tractable system for developing a cellular and molecular understanding of disorders affecting spatiotemporal visual processing. We have used single-unit recordings in mouse primary visual cortex to study whether individual neurons are more sensitive to one set of sensory cues than another. Our quantitative analyses show that neurons with short response latencies have low spatial acuity and high sensitivity to contrast, temporal frequency, and speed, whereas neurons with long latencies have high spatial acuity, low sensitivities to contrast, temporal frequency, and speed. These correlations suggest that neurons in mouse V1 receive inputs from a weighted combination of parallel afferent pathways with distinct spatiotemporal sensitivities.
Hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects of adrenomedullin in conscious sheep.

Adrenomedullin is a recently discovered peptide that has been shown to reduce arterial pressure and induce natriuresis. However, few studies have examined the biological actions of adrenomedullin in conscious animals in an integrative manner. Accordingly, we have examined the hemodynamic, renal, and endocrine actions of adrenomedullin infused intravenously at 10 and 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 (each 90 min) in a vehicle-controlled study in eight normal conscious sheep. Adrenomedullin reduced right atrial pressure (P < 0.05) and diastolic (15 mmHg, P < 0.01) and mean arterial pressure (10 mmHg, P < 0.05) and increased cardiac output (3 l/min, P < 0.001). Total peripheral resistance was reduced 40% (P < 0.001). Urinary sodium was reduced to 35% of control during the 90-min clearance period immediately postinfusion (P < 0.05). Adrenomedullin increased plasma adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels (P < 0.001). Plasma renin activity was elevated during adrenomedullin (P < 0.001) coincident with the peak hypotensive effect, whereas plasma aldosterone was not affected and plasma norepinephrine levels fell (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adrenomedullin had clear blood pressure-lowering effects with increased cardiac output and stimulation of renin but suppressed sympathetic activation in conscious sheep. The physiological implications of these findings require further study.
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF HOPE AND FEAR APPEALS ON COGNITIVE PROCESSING

Title of Dissertation: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF HOPE AND FEAR APPEALS ON COGNITIVE PROCESSING Jill Cornelius Underhill, Ph.D. 2012 Dissertation Directed By: Professor Trevor Parry-Giles Department of Communication The potential of hope appeals as persuasive messages relative to other types of emotional appeals is unclear. Hope has been theorized to influence motivation, attitudes, and behaviors in meaningful ways; it is also believed to bias cognition toward goal achievement. Based on appraisal theories and the dual processing paradigm, a conceptual framework for how hope appeals could influence message processing, relative to fear appeals, was proffered. It was predicted that hope appeals would bias recipients, such that they would not pay close attention to the emotional appeal or recommendations that accompanied the appeal in order to maintain their positive mood. Fear appeal recipients were expected to counterargue the emotional appeal, but overestimate the quality of the accompanying recommendations. Emotional appeal type and recommendation quality were expected to interact to influence thought generation. Research questions addressing the influence of emotional appeals on recall were also investigated. A 3(Appeal: hope, fear, or rational) x 2(Recommendation Quality: low or high) x 2 (Source Quality: low or high) independent groups experiment was conducted. Overall, some support for the predictions was found. First, processing of the emotional appeal was examined. Hope appeal recipients generated more supportive thoughts and fewer counterarguments than fear appeal recipients. Processing of recommendations was then examined. Fear appeal recipients generated more supportive thoughts about recommendations than hope appeal recipients. Recommendation quality exerted a strong influence on thought generation. Recall of the recommendations and source was also examined. Hope appeal recipients recalled more recommendations than fear or rational appeal recipients. No interactions between emotional appeal type and recommendation quality emerged for the thought generation or recall measures. Theoretical and applied implications, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed. EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF HOPE AND FEAR APPEALS ON COGNITIVE PROCESSING by Jill Cornelius Underhill Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2012 Advisory Committee: Professor Trevor Parry-Giles, Chair Professor Monique Mitchell Turner Professor Dale Hample Professor Karen Kaufmann Professor Andrew Wolvin © Copyright by Jill Cornelius Underhill 2012
Falls prevention interventions for older adults with low vision: A scoping review

Background. Older adults with low vision are especially vulnerable to falls. There are no comprehensive reviews of fall prevention interventions for older adults with vision loss who live in the community. Purpose. The aim of this study was to review the evidence regarding community-based falls prevention interventions that appear inclusive of and/or accessible to individuals with low vision. Method. A scoping review was completed using the framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley, and the charted data were analyzed using sums and percentages and qualitative content analysis. Findings. Seventeen publications were selected for this review. The analysis allowed for a thorough description of the types of falls prevention interventions (multiple components, home safety/modification, tai chi, the Alexander Technique, improvement of vision through vision assessment and referral, vision/agility training, and yoga), how each intervention addresses vision impairment, and the relation of results to falls risk. Implications. Falls prevention research targeting individuals with visual impairment is limited, and the intervention approaches available may not be effective for older adults with permanent vision loss.
Microfilaments: dynamic arrays in higher plant cells

By using fluorescently labeled phalloidin we have examined, at the light microscope level, the three-dimensional distribution and reorganization of actin-like microfilaments (mfs) during plant cell cycle and differentiation. At interphase, mfs are organized into three distinct yet interconnected arrays: fine peripheral networks close to the plasma membrane; large axially oriented cables in the subcortical region; a nuclear "basket" of mfs extending into the transvacuolar strands. All these arrays, beginning with the peripheral network, disappear at the onset of mitosis and reappear, beginning with the nuclear basket, after cytokinesis. During mitotic and cytokinetic events, mfs are associated with the spindle and phragmoplast. Actin staining in the spindle is localized between the chromosomes and the spindle poles and changes in a functionally specific manner. The nuclear region appears to be the center for mf organization and/or initiation. During differentiation from rapid cell division to cell elongation, mf arrays switch from an axial to a transverse orientation, thus paralleling the microtubules. This change in orientation reflects a shift in the direction of cytoplasmic streaming. These observations show for the first time that actin-like mfs form intricate and dynamic arrays in plant cells which may be involved in many as yet undescribed cell functions.
Performance and network power evaluation of tightly mixed SRAM NUCA for 3D Multi-core Network on Chips

Last level cache (LLC) is crucial for the performance of chip multiprocessors (CMPs), while power is a significant design concern for 3D CMPs. In this paper, we focus on the SRAM-based Non-Uniform Cache Architecture (NUCA) for 3D Multi-core Network-on-Chip (McNoC) systems. A tightly mixed SRAM NUCA for 3D mesh NoC is presented and analyzed. We evaluate the performance and network power with benchmarks based on a full system simulation framework. Experiment results on 16-core 3D NoC systems show that the tightly mixed NUCA could provide up to 31.71% and on average 5.95% performance improvement compared to a base 3D NUCA scheme. The tightly mixed 3D NUCA NoC can reduce network power consumption in 1.07%-15.74% and 9.64% on average compared to a baseline 3D NoCs. Our analysis and experimental results provide a guideline to design efficient 3D NoCs with stacking NUCA.
Evaluating Application-Layer Classification Using a Machine Learning Technique over Different High Speed Networks

Application–layer classification is needed in many monitoring applications. Classification based on machine learning offers an alternative method to methods based on port or payload based techniques. It is based on statistical features computed from network flows. Several works investigated the efficiency of machine learning techniques and found algorithms suitable for network classification. A classifier based on machine learning is built by learning from a training data set that consists of data from known application traces. In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of application-layer classification based on C4.5~machine learning algorithm used for classification network flows from different high speed networks, such as 100~Mbit, 1~Gbit and 10~Gbit networks. We find a significant decrease in the classification efficiency when classifier built for one network is used to classify other network. We recommend to build classifier from data collected from all available networks for best results. However, if different networks are not available, good results can be obtained from data traces to the commodity Internet.
Network Working Group Request for Comments: 1633 Category

This memo discusses a proposed extension to the Internet architecture and protocols to provide integrated services, i.e., to support realtime as well as the current non-real-time service of IP. This extension is necessary to meet the growing need for real-time service for a variety of new applications, including teleconferencing, remote seminars, telescience, and distributed simulation. This memo represents the direct product of recent work by Dave Clark, Scott Shenker, Lixia Zhang, Deborah Estrin, Sugih Jamin, John Wroclawski, Shai Herzog, and Bob Braden, and indirectly draws upon the work of many others.
Antibody-Mediated Bacteriorhodopsin Orientation for Molecular Device Architectures

A rational method for constructing highly oriented films of purple membrane (PM) has been established by using two kinds of bispecific antibodies with different antigen-binding sites, one binding to a specific side of bacteriorhodopsin and the other to a phospholipid hapten. A hapten monolayer deposited on a metal electrode was treated with a bispecific antibody solution and incubated with a PM suspension to produce a highly oriented PM film, as confirmed by electron microscopy in which an immunogold labeling technique was used. This antibody-mediated PM monolayer was then used in the construction of a light-sensing photoelectric device. A comparison of the two incorporated PM monolayers showed that highly efficient photocurrents were produced by the PM monolayer whose unidirectionally oriented cytoplasmic surface faces the electrode.
An online single trial analysis of the P300 event related potential for the disabled

Brain computer interface (BCI) enables nonmuscular interaction with the environment. This interaction is particularly beneficial for those with impaired voluntary muscular activity. In this study, an online single trial analysis of a P300 dataset acquired using the six choice paradigm from four disabled subjects was conducted using a methodology involving the fuzzy k nearest neighbors classifier since an offline analysis and averaging many repeated trials in P300 based BCI are not always practical in real applications. The results showed that this methodology is favorable for the single trial analysis of the P300 event related potential for the disabled. Further research is warranted to achieve additional improvements in the single trial classification accuracies to the levels adequate for use in real applications.
Effect of cilazapril on vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

BackgroundIn experimental studies using cilazapril, the strongest inhibition of neointima formation was obtained when treatment was initiated 6 days before injury. The MERCATOR trial showed no reduction in restenosis with cilazapril given after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The purpose of this study is to determine whether previous administration of cilazapril could prevent restenosis. MethodsA total of 167 patients were randomly and prospectively assigned to the cilazapril group or the control group. In the cilazapril group, 78 patients received a 2 mg dose of cilazapril daily, starting 7 days before PTCA and continuing for 6 months. Only 128 patients (cilazapril 56, control 72) completed the study because 39 dropped out. Coronary angiograms were evaluated by the quantitative coronary angiogram (QCA) system. ResultsThere were no differences between the two groups of patients with regard to baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. QCA analysis (cilazapril 66 lesions, control 101 lesions): the loss at follow-up in minimal lumen diameter was 0.36 ± 0.57 mm in the cilazapril group and 0.57 ± 0.75mm in the control group (P < 0.05). Restenosis rate: in the cilazapril group, 16 of 56 patients (28.6%) had restenosis in contrast to 36 of 72 patients (50.0%) in the control group (P < 0.02). When vessel restenosis was evaluated, 16 of 63 vessels (25.4%) demonstrated restenosis in the cilazapril group, in contrast to 41 of 82 vessels (50.0%) in the control group (P < 0.01). ConclusionsTreatment using cilazapril 7 days before PTCA significantly reduced the rate of restenosis. These data suggest that previous administration of cilazapril might be important for preventing restenosis.
Effect of appearance on perception of deformation

We provide an experimental validation that appearance of an object can influence the perception of its level of deformation in a 3D simulation. Our study provides helpful insights in how to improve visual plausibility of deformation, which may allow artists to adjust their designs to enhance or minimize the perceived deformation in a model. We use a physically-based deformation model to simulate simple geometric shapes undergoing deformation. We apply a number of different appearance and rendering parameters to these objects, and then use two user studies to measure whether appearance used for an object can have a statistically significant effect on the perception of its deformation. In another study, we adjust the number of objects simulated and investigate how this can influence the effect of appearance. We find that appearance can potentially influence people's sensitivity to differences of deformation as well as subjective rating of softness in our studies. Further analysis shows that, in simple scenarios, the effect of low-level cues in appearance can be dominant, even if high-level information delivered by appearance has the opposite implication. The third study shows that as the number of objects in a scenario increases, objects are perceived to be stiffer. Also, the effect of low-level cues is weaker.
Balanced Perception and Action in the Tactical Language Training System

The goal of the Tactical Language Training (TLT) system is to rapidly teach people how to speak in a foreign language and behave in a foreign culture. TLT combines an intelligent tutoring system with a 3D game where learners get to practice their skills in simulated social situations. In the tutoring system, the learners interact with a tutoring agent that can listen to their pronunciation and give appropriate feedback, while in the game they have conversations with characters they meet using speech and gesture. The paper describes TLT as work in progress and discusses how balanced perception and action is addressed in both the tutoring agent and the interactive characters, focusing on a novel approach to speech perception and feedback generation that specifically targets learner speech.
Tumour-immune cell interactions modulated by chemokines

Background: Chemokines are involved in almost all aspects of tumour establishment and progression. Objective: This review gives an insight into the complexity of chemokines and chemokine signalling in tumours, especially focusing on the tuning of the immune system within the tumour microenvironment. Methods: Experimental evidence from manipulation of the chemokine network in murine models and in vitro data are critically discussed, and the current status and potential future interventions therapeutically targeting chemokines for efficient and long-lasting tumour control in cancer patients are described.
Periodontal Disease Is Associated With Brachial Artery Endothelial Dysfunction and Systemic Inflammation

Objective—The purpose of this study was to determine whether periodontal disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Epidemiological studies suggest that severe periodontal disease is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Methods and Results—We assessed flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation of the brachial artery using vascular ultrasound in 26 subjects with advanced periodontal disease and 29 control subjects. The groups were matched for age and sex, and patients with hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and history of cigarette smoking were excluded. We also examined serum levels of C-reactive protein using an established high-sensitivity method. Subjects with advanced periodontal disease had lower flow-mediated dilation compared with control patients (7.8±4.6% versus 11.7±5.3%, P =0.005). Nitroglycerin-mediated dilation was equivalent in the two groups. Subjects with advanced periodontitis exhibited higher serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein compared with healthy controls patients (2.3±2.3 versus 1.0±1.0 mg/L, P =0.03). Conclusions—Subjects with advanced periodontal disease exhibit endothelial dysfunction and evidence of systemic inflammation, possibly placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
Adenovirus Transduction Induces Expression of Multiple Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Murine β Cells and Pancreatic Islets

Adenoviral vectors are highly efficient for transferring genes to islets. However, the inflammatory and immune responses stimulated by adenovirus may be detrimental to islet survival. Given the role of chemokines and their receptors in inflammation, we analyzed their expression in isolated murine islets, in a murine β cell line and in syngeneic islet grafts after adenovirus transduction (AdRSVLacZ). AdRSVLacZ transduction enhanced and induced the expression of a variety of chemokines. Transduced syngeneic transplanted islets showed significantly enhanced expression of multiple chemokines and receptors, including monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), compared with untransduced islet grafts. AdRSVLacZ‐transduced islet grafts had significant mononuclear infiltrates, and in situ hybridization demonstrated intragraft expression of MCP‐1, CCR2 and RANTES. Although adenovirus transduction did not impair in vitro insulin secretion, diabetes was reversed in only one of six recipients of a marginal mass of AdRSVLacZ‐transduced islets, compared with six of six control recipients. In conclusion, multiple chemokines and chemokine receptors are expressed by murine islets constitutively and in response to adenovirus transduction. Adenovirus transduction impairs engraftment of marginal mass of transplanted islets. This is not because of direct vector toxicity of islet secretory capacity, but may be related to host innate immunity in response to adenovirus vector.
Numerical Simulation on the Photovoltaic Behavior of an Amorphous-Silicon Nanowire-Array Solar Cell

In this letter, we propose an amorphous-silicon (a-Si) solar cell with a nanowire-array structure. The proposed structure has photon absorption and carrier transport that are perpendicular to each other, which could overcome the efficiency limit of an a-Si solar cell. This nanowire structure has an n-type a-Si nanowire array in which the i-layer and the p-layer a-Si are sequentially grown along the surface of the nanowire. Under illumination, light is absorbed along the axial direction of the nanowire, and carrier transport is along the radial direction. Numerical simulations show that the photocurrent of the a-Si solar cell with a 4000-nm-long nanowire is nearly 40% more than that of a planar a-Si solar cell. A conversion efficiency of 11.6% was obtained, which is around 32% enhancement.