Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An FPGA-based probability-aware fault simulator

A recent approach to deal with the challenges that come along with the shrinking feature size of CMOS circuits is probabilistic computing. Those challenges, such as noise or process variations, result in a certain probabilistic behavior of the circuit and its gates. Probabilistic Computing, also referred to as pCMOS, does not try to avoid the occurrence of errors, but tries to determine the probability of errors at the output of the circuit, and to limit it to a value that the specific application can tolerate. Past research has shown that probabilistic computing has potential to drastically reduce the power consumption of circuits by scaling the supply voltage of gates to a value where they become non-deterministic, while tolerating a certain amount of probabilistic behavior at the output. Therefore, one main task in the design of pCMOS circuits is to determine the error probabilities at the output of the circuit, given a combination of error probabilities at the gates. In earlier work, pCMOS circuits have been characterized by memory-consuming and complex analytical calculations or by time-consuming software-based simulations. Hardware-accelerated emulators exist in large numbers, but miss the support of injecting errors with specified probabilities into as many circuit elements the user specifies at the same time. In this paper, we propose an FPGA-based fault simulator that allows for fast error probability classification, injection of errors at gate- and RT-level, and that is furthermore independent on the target architecture. Moreover, we demonstrate the usefulness of such a simulator by characterizing the probabilistic behavior of two benchmark circuits and reveal their energy-saving capability.
Effects of group singing and performance for marginalized and middle-class singers

In western society music performance is generally considered from the perspective of the elite performer, and the performance literature within the psychology of music has been representative of this preoccupation. But, in spite of much attention being directed to the ‘how’ of creating exceptional performances, little attention has been given to the ‘why’ of performance. Results of an investigation with members of a choir for homeless men indicated that group singing and performance, at the most amateur levels of musicality, yielded considerable emotional, social and cognitive benefits. The present article further explores the effects of group singing and performance with (a) a second choir formed for homeless and other marginalized individuals who had little or no music training or group singing experience, and (b) middle-class singers with low to high levels of music training and choral singing experience. Results indicate that the emotional effects of participation in group singing are similar regardless of training or socioeconomic status, but the interpersonal and cognitive components of the choral experience have different meanings for the marginalized and middle-class singers. Whereas the marginalized individuals appear to embrace all aspects of the group singing experience, the middle-class choristers are inhibited by prevalent social expectations of musicianship. The outcomes may be of relevance to music educators, therapists and choral conductors who wish to create a choral environment in which the benefits of singing and performance override elitist concerns.
Congestion Control in Networks with Mixed IP and P2P Traffic

Services such as multimedia, VoIP, video-conferencing, social networking and others impose new requirements on providers and constraints on network designers. Fair Queueing algorithms like CSFQ or Stochastic Fair BLUE have been used to improve the quality of the packet transmission. Such mechanisms usually supervise the bandwidth consumption per-flow and become helpless in the presence of P2P traffic. In quest for high quality transmission, multimedia applications are designed to use more and more P2P paradigms. As P2P traffic is also exposed to congestion, few works address congestion control in mixed traditional IP (for short called IP traffic) and P2P traffic. In this paper, we propose a model flow for the mixture of the two and present a principle and a method based on per-subscriber flow control, for congestion control. An architecture based on the Token-Based Traffic Control for P2P applications is introduced. The token resource consumed by each subscriber is counted and controls for both core and edge routers are generated in the case of IP and P2P traffic. The traffic is measured at core routers and the measurement data is conveyed to edge routers. They label the Token-Level on incoming packets according to the congestion index, and police the total input token of each P2P subscriber. Simulations results and the analysis of the impact on the performance of this approach on some P2P experiments are given.
Student perceptions of quality feedback in teacher education

Many reports have identified a perceived lack of quality in regard to assessment feedback in higher education contexts. One research study in 2007 on undergraduate university students found that less than half of the students (46%) collected their formative feedback, suggesting that from their perspective feedback clearly was not fulfilling the role it should. This is a study of 465 graduate students and 101 undergraduate students studying teacher education at a major Australian university. The study investigated what students perceived to be effective, quality feedback based upon their extensive higher education experiences. Students identified preferences in regard to form, detail and timing of assessment feedback. The data were collected by means of pen and paper survey and identified which strategies the students perceived to be the most effective, particularly within the context of large cohort teaching and written assessment formats. Findings agreed with research elsewhere regarding problems with assessment feedback quality and quantity, but students also provided clear indications of how realistic improvements could be made in terms of assessment feedback processes and strategies.
Open tibia fractures: timely debridement leaves injury severity as the only determinant of poor outcome.

BACKGROUND Recent retrospective studies suggest that the time to debridement of open tibia fractures is not a major determinant of outcome. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the modifiable independent predictors of poor outcomes. METHODS A 36-month prospective observational study ending in December 2009 was performed on consecutive open tibia shaft fracture patients (age >18 years) admitted to a Level 1 trauma center. Demographics, mechanism, Injury Severity Score, fracture type/grade, local contamination, time to debridement, time to antibiotics, and interventions were prospectively recorded. Outcome measures were as follows: length of stay, deep infection, secondary procedures, and presence of union at 6 months and 12 months. Univariate, multivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Eighty-nine consecutive patients (74% male, age 41 years±17 years, Injury Severity Score 15±3, and 37% multiple injured) met inclusion criteria. The mean time to surgical debridement and operative stabilization was 8 hours±4 hours (48% within 6 hours). The average length of stay was 21 days±13 days. Fifteen patients (17%) had deep infection and 5 (6%) required amputation (1 acute and 4 late because of the infection). The 6-month and 12-month union rates were 39% and 67%, respectively. Fifty-six patients (63%) required further procedures (a total of 312). The multivariate regression model (18 variables) showed no independent significant predictors for deep infection or nonunion at 6 months and 12 months (multiple injuries and smoking were closest to reach significance, p=0.08). CONCLUSION Timely management of open tibia fractures (mean, 8 hours) eliminates time to debridement and contamination as predictors of poor outcome. Patient factors and local and general injury severity determine the outcomes. Aiming for the earliest safe time to debridement minimizes the negative effects of modifiable factors on the outcome.
homeBLOX: making home automation usable

Home automation aims to increase convenience of residential living. The homeBLOX system uses a process-driven execution model to enable complex automation tasks with heterogeneous devices, while providing a user interface that abstracts from lower-level complexity. Complex automation tasks are created as sequences consisting of events and actions linked to physical and virtual devices, which are translated into BPEL code for execution. We outline the key concepts, architecture, and prototype of our system.
Practical clinical guidelines for assessing and managing menopausal symptoms after breast cancer.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to provide practical, evidence-based guidelines for evaluating and treating common menopausal symptoms following breast cancer. METHODS Literature review of the causes, assessment and management of menopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients. RESULTS A number of nonhormonal treatments are effective in treating hot flashes. Whether pharmacological treatment is given will depend on the severity of symptoms and on patient wishes. For severe and frequent hot flashes, the best data support the use of venlafaxine, paroxetine and gabapentin in women with breast cancer. Side-effects are relatively common with all these agents. For vaginal dryness, topical estrogen treatment is the most effective but the safety of estrogens following breast cancer is not established. There are limited data on effective treatments for sexual dysfunction during menopause. CONCLUSION Menopausal symptoms after breast cancer should be evaluated and managed as warranted using a systematic approach and may benefit from multidisciplinary input.
The Geopolitics of Energy Security and the Response to its Challenges by India and Germany

Eurasian Geopolitics as explained in the Heartland model has been reincarnated as Energy Geopolitics. Germany and India are the two strategic economies of the Inner Crescent of Mackinder's ‘Heartland’ Model and are largely similar in geopolitical focus to the rest of Eurasia. The article argues that in the coming decades at least, Russia will play an important role in these countries' energy vision. A similar unique convergence of goals regarding energy technology requirements will also be seen in the coming decades. India cannot abandon the developmental needs of its one billion plus people to the energy monopolies. Neither does Germany as a significant global economy wish to hang its globalisation efforts on similar energy uncertainties. Both countries therefore seek to spread their energy security through technology-centred geopolitical pluralism. Central Asian energy resources thus seem to be a geopolitical temptation that both nations find hard to ignore. Geopolitical contingencies, it is argued, might bring them together to explore a mixed set of options under some kaleidoscopic combination of an altogether new energy vision.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHIC PATTERN, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE H AND K WAVES.

The origin of certain portions of the ballistocardiographic pattern has been discussed only briefly in the physiological literature. Starr and his associates (1) have given letter designations to the salient peaks and troughs and have discussed in some degree the origin of the I and J waves. Hamilton and his coworkers (2, 3) have suggested that the pattern may be due in part to the oscillations of the blood mass within the larger portions of the arterial tree. It is the purpose of the work being presented here to consider the results of some simple experiments which help elucidate in broad outline the significance of several parts of the ballistocardiograph pattern. Two sources of information have been tapped in this study, to wit, model experiments and clinical observations. The ballistocardiograph used in this investigation was not the instrument constructed by the workers mentioned above but was the low frequency, critically damped instrument designed by Nickerson and Curtis (4). The heart model built for the study of the ventricular contribution to the ballistic pattern was a simple onechamber device. This model ignores the asynchronism which sometimes appears between the ejection of the left and right ventricles (5, 6) and also ignores the auricular contribution to the impacts, a problem which will be dealt with in a different fashion.
Towards Easy Key Enumeration

Key enumeration solutions are post-processing schemes for the output sequences of side channel distinguishers, the application of which are prevented by very large key candidate space and computation power requirements. The attacker may spend several days or months to enumerate a huge key space (e.g. 2). In this paper, we aim at preprocessing and reducing the key candidate space by deleting impossible key candidates before enumeration. A new distinguisher named Group Collision Attack (GCA) is given. Moreover, we introduce key verification into key recovery and a new divide and conquer strategy named Key Grouping Enumeration (KGE) is proposed. KGE divides the huge key space into several groups and uses GCA to delete impossible key combinations and output possible ones in each group. KGE then recombines the remaining key candidates in each group using verification. The number of remaining key candidates becomes much smaller through these two impossible key candidate deletion steps with a small amount of computation. Thus, the attacker can use KGE as a pre-processing tool of key enumeration and enumerate the key more easily and fast in a much smaller candidate space.
Association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth: meta-analysis of evidence

Objectives To evaluate the association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and preterm birth in women with normal thyroid function. To assess the effect of treatment with levothyroxine on pregnancy outcomes in this group of women. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SCISEARCH (inception-2011) without any language restrictions. We used a combination of key words to generate two subsets of citations, one indexing thyroid autoantibodies and the other indexing the outcomes of miscarriage and preterm birth. Study selection Studies that evaluated the association between thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy outcomes were selected in a two stage process. Two reviewers selected studies that met the predefined and explicit criteria regarding population, tests, and outcomes. Data synthesis Odds ratios from individual studies were pooled separately for cohort and case-control studies with the random effects model. Results 30 articles with 31 studies (19 cohort and 12 case-control) involving 12 126 women assessed the association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage. Five studies with 12 566 women evaluated the association with preterm birth. Of the 31 studies evaluating miscarriage, 28 showed a positive association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage. Meta-analysis of the cohort studies showed more than tripling in the odds of miscarriage with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies (odds ratio 3.90, 95% confidence interval 2.48 to 6.12; P<0.001). For case-control studies the odds ratio for miscarriage was 1.80, 1.25 to 2.60; P=0.002). There was a significant doubling in the odds of preterm birth with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies (2.07, 1.17 to 3.68; P=0.01). Two randomised studies evaluated the effect of treatment with levothyroxine on miscarriage. Both showed a fall in miscarriage rates, and meta-analysis showed a significant 52% relative risk reduction in miscarriages with levothyroxine (relative risk 0.48, 0.25 to 0.92; P=0.03). One study reported on the effect of levothyroxine on the rate of preterm birth, and noted a 69% relative risk reduction (0.31, 0.11 to 0.90). Conclusion The presence of maternal thyroid autoantibodies is strongly associated with miscarriage and preterm delivery. There is evidence that treatment with levothyroxine can attenuate the risks.
Bridging the bonding gap: the transition from primates to humans

Primate societies are characterized by bonded social relationships of a kind that are rare in other mammal taxa. These bonded relationships, which provide the basis for coalitions, are underpinned by an endorphin mechanism mediated by social grooming. However, bonded relationships of this kind impose constraints on the size of social groups that are possible. When ecological pressures have demanded larger groups, primates have had to evolve new mechanisms to facilitate bonding. This has involved increasing the size of vocal and visual communication repertoires, increasing the time devoted to social interaction and developing a capacity to manage two-tier social relationships (strong and weak ties). I consider the implications of these constraints for the evolution of human social communities and argue that laughter was an early evolutionary innovation that helped bridge the bonding gap between the group sizes characteristic of chimpanzees and australopithecines and those in later hominins.
Multiple Taf subunits of TFIID interact with Ino2 activation domains and contribute to expression of genes required for yeast phospholipid biosynthesis

Expression of phospholipid biosynthetic genes in yeast requires activator protein Ino2 which can bind to the UAS element inositol/choline‐responsive element (ICRE) and trigger activation of target genes, using two separate transcriptional activation domains, TAD1 and TAD2. However, it is still unknown which cofactors mediate activation by TADs of Ino2. Here, we show that multiple subunits of basal transcription factor TFIID (TBP‐associated factors Taf1, Taf4, Taf6, Taf10 and Taf12) are able to interact in vitro with activation domains of Ino2. Interaction was no longer observed with activation‐defective variants of TAD1. We were able to identify two nonoverlapping regions in the N‐terminus of Taf1 (aa 1–100 and aa 182–250) each of which could interact with TAD1 of Ino2 as well as with TAD4 of activator Adr1. Specific missense mutations within Taf1 domain aa 182–250 affecting basic and hydrophobic residues prevented interaction with wild‐type TAD1 and caused reduced expression of INO1. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation we demonstrated Ino2‐dependent recruitment of Taf1 and Taf6 to ICRE‐containing promoters INO1 and CHO2. Transcriptional derepression of INO1 was no longer possible with temperature‐sensitive taf1 and taf6 mutants cultivated under nonpermissive conditions. This result supports the hypothesis of Taf‐dependent expression of structural genes activated by Ino2.
The Impact of Traditional and Nontraditional Media Forms in the 1992 Presidential Election

Data collected from two surveys in 1992, one cross-sectional and one two-wave panel, are used to examine the predictive patterns of traditional and nontraditional media forms on people's campaign interest, campaign information processing strategies, campaign participation, knowledge of candidates' issue positions, affect and image favorability toward candidates, perceived votes for candidates, and issue salience. Applying three incremental levels of controls, nontraditional media were found to have the strongest impact on labile characteristics (e.g., campaign interest) and weakest impact on criteria more difficult to alter, such as knowledge of candidates' issue positions. Traditional media forms continue to have a potent influence greater than that of nontraditional media forms on the campaign.
Modelling and Implementing a Knowledge Base for Checking Medical Invoices with DLV

Checking medical invoices, done by every health insurance company, is a labor-intensive task. Both speed and quality of executing this task may be increased by the knowledge-based decision support system ACMI which we present in this paper. As the relevant regulations also contain various default rules, ACMI`s knowledge core is modelled using the answer set programming paradigm. It turned out that all relevant rules could be expressed directly in this framework, providing for a declarative and easily extendable and modifiable knowledge base. ACMI is implemented using the DLV system.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae Strains Isolated from Australian Hematology Patients with Bacteremia

ABSTRACT Enterobacter cloacae is a common member of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals. However, it is also an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing bacteremia. We report the draft genomes of two Enterobacter cloacae subspecies cloacae strains isolated from hematology patients with bacteremia. Both isolates carry genes encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases.
Competing Explanations of Undergraduate Noncompletion

In this paper we analyze longitudinal data from a nationally representative panel of college entrants to test and compare several theoretical explanations of college degree attainment and noncompletion. So far, relatively little emphasis has been placed on determining the relative and combined predictive power of competing explanations or mechanisms of college noncompletion. We utilize a methodological tool—the sheaf coefficient—to combine multiple variables into single conceptual predictors and estimate their relative effect sizes across college types. We then draw implications of these findings both for theory and for policy.
Advances in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon

Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common condition characterized by vasospasm of the digital arteries and resulting cyanosis and redness. It often does not require pharmacologic management, but in some cases symptoms are severe and pharmacologic management is necessary. Calcium channel blockers are often used first-line, but in some patients are ineffective. Patients with severe symptoms or intolerance to available therapies have prompted exploration of alternative therapies, including endothelin antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, antioxidants, newer vasodilators, statins, and botulinum toxin. These newer therapies provide the focus for this review.
A Comparative Study of Male and Female Rape Victims Seen at a Hospital-Based Rape Crisis Program

The purposes of this study were to gather descriptive information on male rape victims and to compare male and female victims in regard to victim and assault characteristics and immediate postrape symptoms. Data were analyzed from 74 male and 1,380 female rape victims seen at a hospital-based rape crisis program over an 8-year period. Male and female victims were similar in terms of age, race, and prior victimization, although characteristics of male and female assaults differed somewhat. Specifically, male victims were more likely to have been raped by more than one assailant and by a Caucasian assailant, and were less likely to have been physically harmed. Male victims also were rated as more depressed and hostile immediately postrape than female victims. Implications for research and practice are discussed.