Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of AlGaN-based deep-ultraviolet (DUV) LEDs focusing on the fluorine resin encapsulation and the prospect of the practical applications

AlGaN-based LEDs are expected to be useful for sterilization, deodorization, photochemical applications such as UV curing and UV printing, medical applications such as phototherapy, and sensing. Today, it has become clear that efficient AlGaN-based LED dies are producible between 355 and 250 nm with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3% on flat sapphire. These dies were realized on flat sapphire without using a special technique, i.e., reduction in threading dislocation density or light extraction enhancement techniques such as the use of a photonic crystal or a patterned sapphire substrate. Despite the limited light extraction efficiency of about 8% owing to light absorption at a thick p-GaN contact layer, high EQEs of approximately 6% has been reproducible between 300 and 280 nm without using special techniques. Moreover, an EQE of 3.9% has been shown at 271 nm, despite the smaller current injection efficiency (CIE). The high EQEs are thought to correspond to the high internal quantum efficiency (IQE), indicating a small room for improving IQE. Accordingly, resin encapsulation on a simple submount is strongly desired. Recently, we have succeeded in demonstrating fluorine resin encapsulation on a ceramic sheet (chip-on-board, COB) that is massproducible. Furthermore, the molecular structure of a resin with a durability of more than 10,000 h is explained in this paper from the photochemical viewpoint. Thus, the key technologies of AlGaN-based DUV-LEDs having an EQE of 10% within a reasonable production cost have been established. The achieved efficiency makes AlGaN-based DUVLEDs comparable to high-pressure mercury lamps.
Development and generalization of the method of reflections in problems of electrostatics and thermal conductivity of plane-layered media

The method of mirror reflections of electrostatics for a point charge located next to a plane-layered medium consisting of a single film on a dielectric half-space is formulated. The method is generalized to the case of an arbitrary system of charges. The proposed approach is applied to mathematically similar problems of electrostatics and stationary heat conduction of plane-layered media. In particular, the problems of finding distributions of the electrostatic potential around a conducting sphere, an ellipsoid of revolution and a drop-shaped body located near the dielectric film on the dielectric half-space. It is shown how to apply the results obtained for electrostatic problems to similar problems of finding the temperature distribution of uniformly heated bodies of the same geometry located near a heat-conducting film in a heat-conducting half-space. Keywords: plane-layered medium, mirror reflection method, electrostatics, thermal conductivity.
Optimal Strategy Model Checking in Possibilistic Decision Processes

Probabilistic model checking has received increasing attention in formal verification. Meanwhile, in the fuzzy setting, the possibilistic model checking has been well studied by Li et al. in recent years. However, nondeterminism of choices was not considered in previous work. The nondeterminism is crucial for modeling open systems interacting with the environment. To fill the gap, we propose the possibilistic decision processes (PDPs) to model fuzzy systems with nondeterminism and introduce possibilistic strategy computation tree logic (PoSCTL) to specify properties with nondeterministic choices. More importantly, optimal strategy model checking over PDPs has been investigated, which is an important formal verification method for quantitatively checking the degree of satisfiability of properties in a model. We give mathematical methods to calculate the maximum and minimum possibilities for a system modeled by PDPs satisfies a property specified by PoSCTL when ranging over all strategies. We prove memoryless strategies are sufficient for PoSCTL model checking without the step-bounded until operator, and give the algorithms to output the corresponding optimal strategy. Finally, an illustrative example of robots moving is given to explain the methods presented in this article.
Principal component analysis-based muscle identification for myoelectric-controlled exoskeleton knee

ABSTRACT This paper is an attempt to identify a set of muscles which are sufficient to control a myoelectic-controlled exoskeleton knee. A musculoskeletal model of the human body available in the anybody modelling system was scaled to match the subject-specific parameters. It was made to perform a task of sitting in a squat position from a standing position. Internal forces developed in 18 muscles of lower limb during the task were predicted by the inverse dynamic analysis. Principal component analysis was then conducted on the predicted force variable. The eigenvector coefficients of the principal components were evaluated. Significant variables were retained and redundant variables were rejected by the method of principal variable. Subjects were asked to perform the same task of sitting in a squat position from a standing position. Surface-electromyography (sEMG) signals were recorded from the selected muscles. The force developed in the subject's muscles were obtained from the sEMG signals. Force developed in the selected muscle was compared with the force obtained from the musculoskeletal model. A four channel system VastusLateralis, RectusFemoris, Semitendinosus and GluteusMedius and a five channel system VastusLateralis, BicepsFemoris, RectusFemoris, Semitendinosus and GluteusMedius are suitable muscles to control exoskeleton knee.
Quality Information Detection of Agaricus bisporus Based on a Portable Spectrum Acquisition Device

As one of the most popular edible fungi in the market, the quality of Agaricus bisporus will determine its sales volume. Therefore, to achieve rapid and nondestructive testing of the quality of Agaricus bisporus, this study first built a portable spectrum acquisition device for Agaricus bisporus. The Ocean Spectromeper was used to calibrate the spectral data of the device, and the linear regression analysis method was combined to analyze the two. The results showed that the Pearson correlation coefficient of significance between the two was 0.98. Then, the spectral data of Agaricus bisporus were collected, the spectral characteristic wavelength of Agaricus bisporus was extracted by the SPA and PCA algorithms, and the moisture content and whiteness prediction models based on a BP neural network and PLSR, respectively, were built. The parameters of the BP neural network model were optimized by SSA. The R2 values for the final moisture content and the predicted whiteness were 0.95 and 0.99, and the RMSE values were 5.04% and 0.60, respectively. The results show that the portable spectral acquisition and analysis device can be used for the accurate and rapid quality detection of Agaricus bisporus.
Simulation of thick adhesive layers at finite strains utilizing an associated flow rule in a thermodynamically consistent framework

The application of elastoplastic material models is commonly used for the modelling of adhesive layers with high strength adhesives as realized with polyurethane or epoxy resin. To fulfill thermodynamic consistency often restrictions on the choice of material parameters are requested. One of them is the introduction of a non‐associated flow rule, which always ensures positive dissipation. Nevertheless, this assumption is a non‐essential criterion, which will be addressed in this work. Continuing along this argumentation, the constitutive relations for the material is modified based on an associated flow rule. The applied model for the simulation of the adhesives is based on a small strain theory. A yield surface including two stress invariants, the hydrostatic pressure as well as the deviator stress state, set the elastic limit of the material response. Linear as well as exponential hardening is incorporated and material softening that arises subsequently is also included by substituting effective invariants in the yield function. This material model as proposed from literature was extended to finite strain application with the concept of generalized stress‐strain‐measure, which was realized in a previous work. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deciphering of the Architectural Program and Reprogramming: The Taşhan Region as a Critical Urban Point

This study discussed the deciphering of the architectural program, and the relevant concept of intermediate space within architectural production, and it questioned reprogramming through the concept of intermediate space. The study covered the Taşhan Street and neighboring locations in the Turkish city of Afyonkarahisar. It was based on assessing and discussing the existing programming and reprogramming dynamics in the Taşhan Region, which is functionally developed for craftsmanship, and contributes to the art and culture of the region. At the end of all these discussions, the program, 'depending on the venue and the user; It was defined as the 'sequence of frozen events occurring in moments' and the moments when these events occurred, their potential situations in places were revealed by reprogramming method. In the context of taking momentary sections in Taşhan Region; The methods of observation made in certain time periods (on weekends with high visitors, between 12:00 and 17:00, in the evening when the jazz festival is held) in the spaces in the region and interviewing with the users of the space were used to decipher the architectural program. Another scientific method used in the study is to make content analysis of the space theories put forward in the conceptual context and to reveal the evaluation criteria of the architectural program of the Tashan Region with the sub-concepts obtained within the framework of the text-based analysis method. While deciphering the architectural program, the conceptual analyses of the space theories proposed were conducted in parallel with the aim of the study, and the assessment criteria for the architectural program in the Taşhan Region were presented by using the sub-concepts revealed following the analyses. In conclusion, based on the momentary sections from the actions that occurred in the Taşhan Region, spatial flexibility in meeting needs to be increased and the relationship between users and spaces was enriched with reprogramming.
Molecular characterization of complete coding sequence of the MBL1 gene in the Indian Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) breed

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a member of the collectin protein family that binds a broad range of microorganisms and activates the lectin-complement pathway of innate immunity. A number of mutations have been found in both the coding as well as the non-coding regions of the MBL1 gene in various species, of which several variations affected the assembly of MBL1, thus leading to a low level of plasmic MBL and innate immune dysfunctions. In the present study, we have reported molecular cloning and characterization of the complete coding sequence of the MBL1 gene in the Indian buffalo breed Murrah. A 951 bp fragment of the MBL1 gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment with other buffalo and cattle breeds revealed that the Murrah buffalo MBL1 CDS was 98.1-99.6% homologous to other buffalo breeds, and 98.3-98.5% similar to cattle breeds at nucleotide level. It was 96.8-98.8% homologous to buffalo breeds and 96.8-97.2% similar to cattle breeds at amino acid level. The amino acid sequence of the Murrah buffalo MBL1 contained two non-synonymous amino acid substitutions (L204P and S180P). Further, PCR-RFLP was performed to screen 50 Murrah buffalo for the presence of SNPs, g.855G>A in intron I and g.2686T>C, as well as g.2651G>A in exon 2 region of the MBL1 gene. The ApaI/intron I PCR-RFLP assay revealed a polymorphic pattern with three genotypes viz., AG (90%), GG (8%) and AA (2%), with allelic frequencies 0.94 for G and 0.06 for A. HaeIII/exon 2 PCR-RFLP assay exhibited the presence of three genotypes, namely, TC (66%), TT (32%) and CC (2%) with allelic frequencies 0.15 for T and 0.85 for C. StyI/exon 2. PCR-RFLP assay showed a monomorphic pattern for g.2651G>A with GG genotype only. We further examined the association of these SNPs with milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS), and found no significant difference for any of the traits. Since the present study has formulated the results on the basis of a relatively small sample size, further studies with a larger sample size are required to validate the effects of polymorphisms.
BOGDANOV-TAKENS BIFURCATIONS IN THREE COUPLED OSCILLATORS SYSTEM WITH ENERGY PRESERVING NONLINEARITY

In this paper a system of three nonlinearly coupled oscillators is studied. The linear frequencies of these oscillators are 1, 2 and ε with ε ≪ 1. The nonlinearity in the system is assumed to be energy preserving, where the energy is represented by the distance to the origin. We have applied the normal form theory by means of the averaging method, to construct an O(ε)-approximation for the system, on a time-scale of 1 ε . We begin our analysis of the normal form by looking at the unperturbed system, i.e. the normal form for ε = 0. We found the saddle-node, pitchfork and homoclinic bifurcations using the classical Lagrange method. To our knowledge, this is a new application of the method in bifurcation theory. We proceed with turning on the perturbation, i.e setting ε ̸= 0, and analyzing the bifurcations in the system. Here, we found two saddle-node curves which meet in a cusp bifurcation point. Moreover, we found a Hopf line which is tangent to one of the fold line, which gives us the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation: a codimension two bifurcation. In the neighborhood of that point, we show homoclinic bifurcation, to give indications of the dynamics.
Few-View CT Image Reconstruction via Least-Squares Methods: Assessment and Optimization

Abstract The use of iterative algebraic methods applied to the reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) medical images is proliferating to reconstruct high-quality CT images using far fewer views than through analytical methods. This would imply reducing the dose of X-rays applied to patients who require this medical test. Least-squares methods are a promising approach to reconstruct the images with few projections obtaining high quality. In addition, since these techniques involve a high computational load, it is necessary to develop efficient methods that make use of high-performance-computing tools to accelerate reconstructions. In this paper, three least-squares methods are analyzed—Least-Squares Model Based (LSMB), Least-Squares QR (LSQR), and Least-Squares Minimal Residual (LSMR)—to determine whether the LSMB method provides faster convergence and thus lower computational times. Moreover, a block version of both the LSQR method and the LSMR method was implemented. With them, multiple right-hand sides (multiple slices) can be solved at the same time, taking advantage of the parallelism obtained with the implementation of the methods using the Intel Math Kernel Library. The two implementations are compared in terms of convergence, time, and quality of the images obtained, reducing the number of projections and combining them with a regularization and acceleration technique. The experiments show how the implementations are scalable and obtain images of good quality from a reduced number of views, with the LSQR method being better suited for this application.
Self-Learning Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Control With Application to Semicar Active Suspension Model

In this article, we investigate the optimal control problem for semicar active suspension systems (SCASSs). First, we model the SCASSs by Newtonian dynamics as well as considering the uncertainties and nonlinear dynamics of the actuator. Second, in order to solve the complexity brought by uncertainties, we apply the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy approach to transform the SCASSs as multilinear systems, as well as solving the optimal control problem as a zero-sum problem to find the solution of Nash-equilibrium. Third, we construct a novel self-learning method based on the reinforcement learning framework, and propose two algorithms to solve the fuzzy game algebraic Riccati equation. Especially, in the second algorithm, without using any model information of the SCASSs, we only use the state and input information in control design by a self-learning manner removing the traditional dependence problem, which is more preferable for practical applications. Finally, we give a simulation result of the SCASSs to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability for the designed self-learning algorithms.
Trend-Aware Data Imputation Based on Generative Adversarial Network for Time Series

To solve the problems of generative adversarial network (GAN)-based imputation method for time series, which are ignoring the implied trends in data and using multi-stage training that may lead to high training complexity, this article proposes a trend-aware data imputation method based on GAN (TrendGAN). It implements an end-to-end training using de-noising auto-encoder (DAE). It also uses bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) in the generator model to consider the bi-directional characteristics and supplement the features lost by de-noising auto-encoder and improves the discriminator's ability using Bi-GRU and hint vector. The authors conducted experiments on four real datasets. The results showed that all components introduced into the method contribute to enhancing the imputation accuracy, and the MSE values of TrendGAN are much lower than those of baseline methods when dealing with time series with random and continuous missing patterns. That is, TrendGAN is suitable for data imputation in complex scenarios with two missing patterns coexist, such as electric power and transportation.
On Brownian motion, Boltzmann’s equation, and the Fokker-Planck equation

Abstract. In order to describe Brownian motion rigorously, Boltzmann's integral equation must be used. The Fokker-Planck type of equation is only an approximation to the Boltzmann equation and its domain of validity is worth examining. A treatment of the Brownian motion in velocity space of a particle with known initial velocity based on Boltzmann's integral equation is given. The integral equation, which employs a suitable scattering kernel, is solved and its solution compared with that of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation. It is seen that when M/m, the mass ratio of the particles involved, is sufficiently high and the dispersion of the velocity distribution sufficiently great, the Fokker-Planck equation is an excellent description. Even when the dispersion is small, the first and second moments of the Fokker-Planck solution are reliable. The higher moments, however, are then in considerable error—an error which becomes negligible as the dispersion increases. 1. In the treatment of Brownian motion, it is customary to assume a Langevin equation and simple dynamical statistics of the individual collisions and then to deduce a Fokker-Planck equation describing the random motion of the heavy particle. The Fokker-Planck equation obtained is a second-order partial differential equation and the absence of higher-order differential terms is inferred directly from the above assumptions. As will be seen, the solution of this Fokker-Planck equation does not provide a completely satisfactory physical description. Consequently, the assumptions underlying the equation cannot be correct [1, 2, 3, 4] and the extent of their approximate validity comes under question. That the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation is not a wholly satisfactory representation of Brownian motion may be seen in the following way. Consider a heavy particle known to have the velocity v0 at t — 0. For all subsequent time, there is a finite probability that the particle will have undergone no collision. It must, therefore, be expected that the probability density w(v, t)** describing the stochastic motion in velocity space wall always have a singular component of the form f(t)d(v — v0), where <5(v — v0) is the Dirac delta-function. If one were to try to describe the motion by the FokkerPlanck equation
Extensive Bioinformatics Analyses Reveal a Phylogenetically Conserved Winged Helix (WH) Domain (Zτ) of Topoisomerase IIα, Elucidating Its Very High Affinity for Left-Handed Z-DNA and Suggesting Novel Putative Functions

The dynamic processes operating on genomic DNA, such as gene expression and cellular division, lead inexorably to topological challenges in the form of entanglements, catenanes, knots, “bubbles”, R-loops, and other outcomes of supercoiling and helical disruption. The resolution of toxic topological stress is the function attributed to DNA topoisomerases. A prominent example is the negative supercoiling (nsc) trailing processive enzymes such as DNA and RNA polymerases. The multiple equilibrium states that nscDNA can adopt by redistribution of helical twist and writhe include the left-handed double-helical conformation known as Z-DNA. Thirty years ago, one of our labs isolated a protein from Drosophila cells and embryos with a 100-fold greater affinity for Z-DNA than for B-DNA, and identified it as topoisomerase II (gene Top2, orthologous to the human UniProt proteins TOP2A and TOP2B). GTP increased the affinity and selectivity for Z-DNA even further and also led to inhibition of the isomerase enzymatic activity. An allosteric mechanism was proposed, in which topoII acts as a Z-DNA-binding protein (ZBP) to stabilize given states of topological (sub)domains and associated multiprotein complexes. We have now explored this possibility by comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of the available protein sequences of topoII representing organisms covering the whole tree of life. Multiple alignment of these sequences revealed an extremely high level of evolutionary conservation, including a winged-helix protein segment, here denoted as Zτ, constituting the putative structural homolog of Zα, the canonical Z-DNA/Z-RNA binding domain previously identified in the interferon-inducible RNA Adenosine-to-Inosine-editing deaminase, ADAR1p150. In contrast to Zα, which is separate from the protein segment responsible for catalysis, Zτ encompasses the active site tyrosine of topoII; a GTP-binding site and a GxxG sequence motif are in close proximity. Quantitative Zτ-Zα similarity comparisons and molecular docking with interaction scoring further supported the “B-Z-topoII hypothesis” and has led to an expanded mechanism for topoII function incorporating the recognition of Z-DNA segments (“Z-flipons”) as an inherent and essential element. We further propose that the two Zτ domains of the topoII homodimer exhibit a single-turnover “conformase” activity on given G(ate) B-DNA segments (“Z-flipins”), inducing their transition to the left-handed Z-conformation. Inasmuch as the topoII-Z-DNA complexes are isomerase inactive, we infer that they fulfill important structural roles in key processes such as mitosis. Topoisomerases are preeminent targets of anti-cancer drug discovery, and we anticipate that detailed elucidation of their structural–functional interactions with Z-DNA and GTP will facilitate the design of novel, more potent and selective anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents.