Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating sandwich immunoassays in microarray format in terms of the ambient analyte regime.

BACKGROUND Conceptionally, antibody microarrays are simply multiplexed sandwich immunoassays in a miniaturized format. However, from the amounts of capture antibodies used, it is not apparent whether such assays are ambient analyte (Ekins. Clin Chem 1998;44:2015-30) or mass-sensing devices (Silzel et al. Clin Chem 1998;44:2036-43). We evaluated multiplexed microarray sandwich assays for 24 mouse serum proteins in these terms within the boundaries of our experimental setup and based on theoretical considerations of the law of mass action. METHODS Capture antibodies for 24 mouse serum proteins were printed on planar microarray substrates. After incubation with mixtures of purified antigens for 1 or 18 h, mixtures of biotinylated detection antibodies were used. High assay sensitivity was achieved by use of resonance-light-scattering particles for signal generation. Titration curves were generated for assay volumes of 20, 40, and 80 microL, and detection limits were calculated and compared. The assays were modeled theoretically based on the amounts of capture antibodies and the assay volumes used. RESULTS As predicted, experimental variations of the assay volume by up to fourfold did not appreciably affect detection. Even for the most sensitive assay, < 2% of the analyte molecules present in the sample were captured and generated signal at the detection limit. However, increasing the sample incubation time from 1 to 18 h on average lowered the detection limit threefold. CONCLUSIONS In our experimental setup, all 24 sandwich microarray assays fulfill the criteria of the "ambient analyte" regime because depletion of analyte molecules from the assay volume is insignificant.
CELL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HISTOINCOMPATIBLE T AND B LYMPHOCYTES

The adoptive transfer of 2,4-dinitrophenyl(DNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH)-primed lymphocytes into a heavily irradiated allogeneic recipient permits the development of a secondary anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-bovine gamma globulin(BGG) whether or not the irradiated allogeneic host possesses BGG-specific helper T cells. This "allogeneic effect" has been demonstrated to result from the capacity of residual, apparently radioresistant, T cells in the irradiated host to exert an active effect on the transferred histoincompatible B lymphocytes. This conclusion derives from two corroborative experiments. In the first, an allogeneic effect was shown to occur on DNP-primed F1 spleen cells that had been adoptively transferred to irradiated parental recipients; the second experiment demonstrated the development of an allogeneic effect on anti-θ-treated, DNP-specific donor cells transferred to irradiated allogeneic hosts. These results emphasize the extreme caution required in designing and interpreting experiments that may involve adoptive cell transfers into histoincompatible hosts, and illustrate why such models are unsuitable for investigation of the question of physiologic cooperative interactions between T and B lymphocytes. Suitable approaches are described in the accompanying paper.
Antiwindup speed technique for sensorless control of Synchronous Machine using saturation feedback

This paper presents a new antiwindup (AW) speed controller for salient-pole Synchronous Machine (SM) with rotor field winding. The control method is based on antwindup methodology using a sliding mode observer for controller gain adaptation. All the system variables are expressed in a γδ estimated rotating reference frame. Firstly, the unwanted windup phenomena due to the physical limitations are eliminated choosing suitably the controller transfer function. Secondly the speed converges asymptotically leading the saturation element very fast towards to the linear area of the actuator using a relatively simple AW control method. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed antiwindup speed control method using Matlab/Simulink facility.
Centering and transportation: in vitro evaluation of continuous and reciprocating systems in curved root canals

Context: One of the goals of endodontic therapy is the shaping and cleaning of the root canal system. In recent years, there has been multiple systems instrumentation, and changes in their dynamics are central to maintain the original shape of the canal after preparation. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate centering and transportation in curved root canals after using ProTaper® and MTwo® in continuous rotation, Reciproc® in reciprocating motion, and a step-down manual instrumentation technique. Settings and Design: Mesiobuccal roots of human extracted the first and second maxillary molars were selected and the canals (n = 60) were divided into four groups according to the preparation techniques: PT-ProTaper®; MT-MTwo®; RE-Reciproc®; MI-manual instrumentation. Subjects and Methods: The final apical diameter was standardized to a size 25. Centering and transportation were evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography and Adobe Photoshop 8.0 software. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc. Results: Results of transportation showed no statistical differences (P > 0.05) between groups, and significantly, difference (P < 0.05) between ProTaper® and Reciproc® was found when evaluating centering ability in the apical third. Conclusions: We concluded that there were no differences in transportation between the evaluated systems for the preparation of curved root canals with an apical instrumentation diameter of #25. For centering ability, in the apical third, ProTaper® presented worst behavior when compared to Reciproc®.
Navigating Food Deserts: A Geo-Ethnography of Atlanta Residents' Experiences, Routines, and Perceptions

Food deserts and food access have increasingly become topics of concern in many urban and rural areas. Food deserts are areas in which there is relatively poor access to healthy and affordable food and/or areas where such available establishments are separated by great distance making them difficult to access. Lower income, racially segregated neighborhoods have fewer healthy food choices and higher rates of disease related to diet. Much of the research has focused on the health disparities and how there is an increased risk of unhealthy lifestyles among people who do not have access to healthy foods. The focus has been mainly on factors related to race or socioeconomic status. The purpose of this study is to shift the focus from examinations of urban environments and available resources to residents’ experiences living in such areas as well as their perceptions of food resource availability. Previous research appears to neglect these personal experiences, thereby missing a key component in helping to solve the issue of food deserts. To provide context of how food deserts in Atlanta formed, this study begins with an overview of the structure of Atlanta. Atlanta’s history of residential segregation and institutional racism, which have thereby contributed to unfavorable conditions in certain neighborhoods and formation of food deserts, is highlighted. Using ethnographic methods and geographic information systems (GIS), the study focused on food deserts and how the residents living in them navigate their lives to obtain the food resources they need. The use of GIS allowed for the identification of these particular food desert areas and identification of the neighborhoods from which the participating residents were recruited. GIS also helped highlight participants’ activity spaces (home, work, and shopping locations). Questionnaires and qualitative interviews allowed for a better understanding of residents’ experiences living in Atlanta area food deserts. I highlight lived experiences and activity spaces within the context of disadvantaged neighborhood characteristics and resources. Variables such as finances, transportation, neighborhood factors, preference, availability, and convenience emerged as being most impactful in residents’ experiences accessing food. INDEX WORDS: Food deserts, food access, lived experiences, interviews, GIS, activity space NAVIGATING FOOD DESERTS: A GEO-ETHNOGRAPHY OF ATLANTA RESIDENTS’ EXPERRIENCES, ROUTINES, AND PERCEPTIONS
Accepted from Open Call Cognitive Radio for Next-generation Wireless Networks: an Approach to Opportunistic Channel Selection in Ieee 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Cognitive Radio for Next-generation Wireless Networks Motivations for Using Cognitive Radio

INTRODUCTION Frequency spectrum is the scarcest resource for wireless communications and may become congested to accommodate diverse types of air interfaces in next-generation wireless networks. To meet the growing demands, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has expanded the use of unlicensed spectral band. However, since traditional wireless communications systems utilize the frequency bands statically allocated by the FCC, they lack adaptability. Also, statistics show that depending on the time and location, the utilization of both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands could be low. Therefore, efficient methods are required for spectrum sharing among different systems, services, and applications in a dynamic wireless access environment. The concept of software defined radio and cognitive radio was introduced to enhance the efficiency of frequency spectrum usage [1]. Software radio improves the capability of a wireless transceiver by using embedded software to enable the radio transceiver to operate in multiple frequency bands. The cognitive ratio is a special type of software defined radio which is able to intelligently adapt itself to the changing environment. Efficient learning and intelligent decision making algorithms are keys to the implementation of cognitive radio to achieve the desired system objectives. In this article we first provide an overview of the major components — observation, learning, decision making and planning, and acting processes — in a cognitive radio system. The different techniques proposed for cognitive radio design (e.g., estimation technique , game theory, decision theory, and pricing) are also discussed. Then a survey of related work in the literature on the different types of wireless communications systems is presented. To this end, we propose a cogni-tive radio approach for dynamic selection of frequency band (channel) in IEEE 802.11-based wireless mesh networks. In such a network , multiple access points (APs)/mesh routers communicate with a wireless Internet gateway router/AP using different frequency bands (channels); also, each AP/mesh router uses a different channel to communicate with the mesh clients in the corresponding service area. We assume that a wireless mesh node is equipped with an intelligent software defined radio which is able to estimate medium access control (MAC) and physical layer parameters such as collision probability and signal strength. A fuzzy logic controller along with a learning algorithm is used to learn the traffic load condition and transmission quality in the available wireless channels. The knowledge ABSTRACT " Cognitive radio " has emerged as a new design paradigm for next-generation wireless networks that …
Exploring linguistic features for web spam detection: a preliminary study

We study the usability of linguistic features in the Web spam classification task. The features were computed on two Web spam corpora: Webspam-Uk2006 and Webspam-Uk2007, we make them publicly available for other researchers. Preliminary analysis seems to indicate that certain linguistic features may be useful for the spam-detection task when combined with features studied elsewhere.
Parametric Bispectrum Analysis of Cracked Rotor Based on Blind Identification of Time Series Models

The crack is a very serious defect in the rotor system. However, compared with any other defects, diagnosis of the rotor crack is more difficult, and its potential harm is similarly very serious. Therefore, it is very urgent and necessary to detect and diagnose the rotor crack effectively. In this paper, an approach of bispectrum analysis based on blind identification of time series model is proposed, and this approach is then applied to the fault diagnosis of the rotor crack. The bispectrum characteristics of the cracked rotor with cracks of different depth and location are investigated, and some valuable results are obtained. This approach provides a new idea and method for the diagnosis of the rotor crack. The experimental results show that this approach is very effective
Ex post Nash consistent representation of effectivity functions

We consider effectivity functions for finitely many players and alternatives. We assume that players have incomplete information with respect to the preferences of the other players. Our main result is the characterization of effectivity functions which have an ex post Nash consistent representation, i.e., there is a game form such that i the distribution of power among coalitions of players is the same as in the effectivity function and ii there is an ex post Nash equilibrium in pure strategiesfor any preference profile.
A novel approach to improve intelligent traffic management system (ITMS)

As increase in population there is also increase in vehicles on road with same proportion . To manage vehicle on road need a powerful traffic system of every metropolitan city. Traffic system is need of every city to control flow of traffic and to make people reach their destination in time. More vehicles on road lead to heavy traffic because of which manufacturers and researchers focus towards road safety rather than to improve road condition. Wireless technology and sensor network are main trend today for researcher because of which this paper presents a novel approach to improved current traffic system based on these technology. In this approach Sensors insert on road side at fix distance and wireless network helps to send information between the network controller and central system embedded in traffic light.
HIDS: a multifunctional generator of hierarchical data streams

In the research of high-speed data streams, large amounts of synthetic data are needed. These days, more and more researchers focus on hierarchical multi-dimensional data streams or data sets, which is beyond the ability of traditional synthetic data generators. In this paper we propose a two-phased method to generate hierarchical multi-dimensional data streams, in which a tree-like structure is built first, and then an unlimited number of items chosen among the tree leaves according to a distribution are inserted into the stream. Our generator, HIDS, integrates all of the functions of existing data generators, and can customize the tree structure according to usersý requirements, producing tree structures such as equal-depth trees, equal-fan-out trees, balanced trees and different-fan-out trees. An experimental study using real data streams shows that HIDS can generate data streams tailored to specific applications.
Practical Message Authentication Schemes

Use of encryption algorithms in message authentication is replaced by secure hash functions which are often faster than encryption algorithms. Tsudik 14] has proposed three methods on message authentication which are only based on one-way hash functions and use some keys to make them secure. In this paper, we give a set of practical methods, each of which uses a fast collision free hash function (such as MD5) and provides secure message authentication. The idea of the proposed methods is almost similar to that of Tsudik's, but we are able to reduce the key length eight times compared to the Tsudik's constructions, while maintaining the same security. In our methods, the secret key is added using exclusive-or or assign operators (instead of concatenation) to make them faster. We also have proved that our methods belong to the Secure Keyed One-Way Hash Function (SKOWHF) group, if the underlying hash function is secure.
An adaptive environment for the user interface of Excel

Software systems developed in recent years are becoming increasingly powerful, but in most cases they tend to abandon the user to deal with the complexity of the system alone. There is an immense need for systems with individual, context-sensitive support. In this paper, we discuss the development of such a support system with special focus on the user interface. We describe the extension of an existing and complex program, Excelm, to an adaptive and customizable system. This extension is called Flexcel and has been implemented and evaluated. The primary aim of this extension is to provide a convenient environment for adapting Excel’s user interface to particular users and their current tasks. For example, it allows the user to define new menu entries for actions that are frequently needed and normally require a tedious diatog step. Flexcel also analyzes the user’s interaction style and presents adaptation suggestions. A critique component supports the user in his problem solving and learning activities related to the adaptability of Flexcel’s user interface.
Learning sensory-motor cortical mappings without training

This paper shows how the relationship between two arrays of artificial neurons, representing different cortical regions, can be learned. The algorithm enables each neural network to self-organise into a topological map of the domain it represents at the same time as the relationship between these maps is found. Unlike previous methods learning is achieved without a separate training phase; the algorithm which learns the mapping is also that which performs the mapping.
Six-Month Outcome of Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Resuscitated Patients After Cardiac Arrest Complicating ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background— The outcome of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction remains poor, primarily because of the relatively low success rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation management. Existing data suggest potential beneficial effects of early myocardial reperfusion, but the predictors of survival in these patients remain unknown. Methods and Results— From 1995 to 2005, 186 patients (78% men; mean age, 60.4±13.8 years) underwent immediate percutaneous coronary intervention after successful resuscitation for cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction. Prompt prehospital management was performed by mobile medical care units in 154 of 186 patients, whereas 32 had in-hospital cardiac arrest. Infarct location was anterior in 105 patients (56%), and shock was present on admission in 96 (52%). Percutaneous coronary intervention (stenting rate 90%) was successful in 161 of 186 patients (87%). Six-month survival rate was 100 of 186 (54%), and 6-month survival free of neurological sequelae was 46%. By multivariate analysis, predictors of 6-month survival were a shorter interval between the onset of cardiac arrest and arrival of a first responder (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.84), a shorter interval between the onset of cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96), and absence of diabetes (odds ratio, 7.30; 95% CI, 1.80 to 29.41). Conclusions— In patients with resuscitated cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction, prompt prehospital management and early revascularization were associated with a 54% survival rate at 6 months. A strategy including adequate prehospital management, early revascularization, and specific care in dedicated intensive care units should be strongly considered in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction.
Maximum Information Transfer in Feedforward Neural Networks

The principle of maximum information preservation has been successfully used to derive learning algorithms for self-organizing neural networks. In this paper, we state and apply the corresponding principle for supervised networks: the principle of minimum information loss. We do not propose a new learning algorithm, but rather a pruning algorithm which works to achieve minimum information loss in the face of noise at the input. We also explore the implications of adding noise to the problem of maximum information preservation with nonlinear neurons.
Performance proposition of limited-wavelength-interchange cross-connects considering Coherent and Incoherent crosstalk

The statistical impact of Coherent and Incoherent crosstalk contributions in a proposed L-WIXC configuration due to different optical propagation delay differences, bit duration etc. is analysed. Considering coherent and incoherent crosstalk analytical expressions are developed for electric field, leakage crosstalk, Bit-Error-Rate (BER) and power penalty. Besides, the effect of all crosstalk contributions on the performance is numerically calculated and the results obtained, are thoroughly analysed suggesting the optimization of different component parameters.
Near-infrared spectroscopy of nearby Seyfert galaxies. II. Molecular content and coronal emission

We present sub-arcsec near-infrared 1.5 – 2.5 µm moderate resolution long-slit spectra of eight nearby Seyfert galaxies (z <0.01), both parallel to the ionization cone and perpendicular to it. These spectra complement similar data on six Seyferts, presented in Reunanen, Kotilainen & Prieto (2002), and are used to study the spatial extent of the line emission, integrated masses of excited H2 and the excitation mechanisms of interstellar gas. Large concentrations of molecular gas (H2) are present in the nucleus regardless of the Seyfert type. The spatial extent of the H2 emission is larger perpendicular to the cone than parallel to it in 6/8 (75 %) galaxies, in agreement with the unified models of Active Galactic Nuclei. The FWHM sizes of the nuclear H2 emission range from <20 pc to �300 pc, and are larger than the predicted sizes for molecular torus (1-100 pc). Thus the emission likely arises from the material surrounding the torus rather than directly from the torus. Broad Br was detected in nearly half of the optically classified Seyfert 2 galaxies, including two objects with no evidence for hidden polarized Broad Line Region. This high detection rate stresses the importance of extinction effects as the main cause for the Seyfert dichotomy. Br and [Fe ii] correlate both spatially and kinematically. Nuclear [Fe ii] emission is generally blueshifted which together with high Br/[Fe ii] ratios suggests shocks as the dominant excitation mechanism in Seyfert galaxies. Bright coronal emission lines [Si vi] and [Si vii] are common in Seyferts, as they are detected in �60 % of the galaxies. In three galaxies the coronal lines are extended only in the direction parallel to the cone. This could be explained by a strongly collimated radiation field or, most plausibly, by shock excitation due to the jet or superwind interacting with the interstellar medium.
Breathing Time Warp

Time Warp and Breathing Time Buckets are two general-purpose optimistic synchronization strategies for supporting parallel discrete-event simulations. However, each one of these approaches has potential fatal shortcomings. Time Warp may exhibit rollback explosions that can cause an avalance of antimessages. Breathing Time Buckets, on the other hand, may not be able to process enough events per synchronization cycle to remain efficient. A new strategy, called Breathing Time Warp, has been developed in the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete-Event Simulation (SPEEDES) operating sytem. This new strategy solves both of these problems by mixing the two algorithms together, resulting in the best of both methods. This paper describes the implementation of the Breathing Time Warp algorithm in SPEEDES, and then shows how this new approach sometimes improves the performance of parallel discrete-event simulations.