Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolving social search based on bookmarks and status messages from social networks

Social search is a variant of information retrieval where a document or website is considered relevant if individuals from the searcher's social network have interacted with it. Our ranking metric Social Relevance Score (SRS) is based on two factors. First, the engagement intensity quantifies the effort a user has made during an interaction. Second, users can assign a trust score to each person from their social network, which is then refined using social network analysis. We have tested our hypotheses with our search engine www.social-search.com, which extends the existing social bookmarking platform folkd.com. Our search engine integrates information the folkd.com users share through the popular social networks Twitter and Facebook. With permission of 2,385 testers, we have connected to their social graphs to generate a large-scale real-world dataset. Over the course of a two-month field study, 468,889 individuals have generated 24,854,281 website recommendations. We have used those links to enhance their search results while measuring the impact on the search behavior. We have found that social results are available for most queries and usually lead to more satisfying results.
Evolution of the C-Type Lectin-Like Receptor Genes of the DECTIN-1 Cluster in the NK Gene Complex

Pattern recognition receptors are crucial in initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses and often belong to families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. The human C-type lectin-like receptors encoded in the DECTIN-1 cluster within the NK gene complex contain prominent receptors with pattern recognition function, such as DECTIN-1 and LOX-1. All members of this cluster share significant homology and are considered to have arisen from subsequent gene duplications. Recent developments in sequencing and the availability of comprehensive sequence data comprising many species showed that the receptors of the DECTIN-1 cluster are not only homologous to each other but also highly conserved between species. Even in Caenorhabditis elegans, genes displaying homology to the mammalian C-type lectin-like receptors have been detected. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic survey and give an up-to-date overview of the currently available data on the evolutionary emergence of the DECTIN-1 cluster genes.
Improving High School Success: Searching for Evidence of Promise

Improving the nation's high schools—particularly those that are low-per-forming—involves challenges that are far easier to catalog than to surmount. In this article, the authors identify a handful of promising approaches that can help to achieve the goal that all students will graduate from high school well-prepared for further learning, successful careers, and engaged citizenship. The authors explain the theories that drive these high school improvement models, review evidence of their effectiveness to date, and suggest what it will take to make them work well. The authors stress that no single school improvement model or approach, no matter how powerful, can ensure the success of all students or schools. The reasons for poor performance are complex and determined by multiple intersecting personal, community, and organizational factors. These inequities have very real consequences for schooling and makes the job of improvement that much more challenging. The article concludes with a set of recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and sponsors of research to enhance the evidence base and increase our knowledge of how high schools and high school success outcomes can improve over time.
Surrogate models based on function and derivative values for aerodynamic global optimization

The application of global algorithms in aerodynamic shape optimization is still today very limited due to the required CPU time. To avoid this limitation, one method is to replace the objective function by a surrogate model. One important achievement of the recent years is the development of accurate and robust surrogate models, minimiz- ing the quantity of information (computed via costly CFD simulations) required for their construction. In this article, we propose to use derivatives in addition to function values to determine the meta model. With adjoint methods, these derivatives may be obtained at a reduced cost, independent of the number of design variables. Three distinct meta model constructions including derivatives are presented and adapted. Then some aerodynamic design applica- tions are presented. The benefit of including derivatives in the surrogate models is clearly evident.
A Genre-Based Analysis on the Introductions of Research Articles Written by Indonesian Academics.

The main purpose of this study was to search for theoccurrence of communicative and subcommunicative units and to identify the linguistic features commonly used by the authors to realize the communicative and subcommunicative units. Three groups of English RAs by Indonesian speakers were chosen for this study: 10 RAs from engineering science, ten from science and ten from medical science journals. This study used genre-based method to investigate the communicative units in the text by using Swales' CARS as a model. The results show that 1) only 11 out of 30 (36.66%) RA introductions have a 'niche establishment', 2) out of 11 RA introduction with a niche establishment none is of counter claiming type, and 3) the discourse markers often used in the niche establishment are of the contradictory type and the linguistic features used are of lexical negation and negation of the phrasal verb. The findings confirm those of previous relevant studies that discourse styles and linguistic features of English RA introductions by Indonesian speakers are different from the ones by English native speakers.
Investigation of multiuser detection schemes for Multiple Transmit/Multiple Receive antenna aided OFDM-SDMA systems

Multiple Transmit-Multiple Receive (MTMR) Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing /Space-Division Multiple Access (OFDM-SDMA) systems have recently attracted significant interests among researchers and developers because of its potentials for realizing spectrally-efficient wireless services at low complexity and costs. However, in multiuser MTMR systems, multiuser detection (MUD) techniques become more challenging, owing to the increased number of independent transmitter-receiver links, especially with multiple antennas at both ends. This paper investigates the performance of adaptive beamforming schemes suitable for multiuser MTMR OFDM-SDMA systems where both mobile users and base stations employ multiple transmit antennas. Using performance criteria such as mean-squared error (MSE) and signal-to-interference-plus noise ratio (SINR), we evaluate the performance of MTMR maximum ratio combining (MTMR-MRC) and the MTMR minimum mean-squared error (MTMR-MMSE) systems. In both schemes, it is shown that the level of interference dominates the detection of users' signal causing high error floor at low SINR and imposing restrictions on the number of transmit antennas.
Measuring cognition in nature: An exploratory study using electroencephalography

Media-related technology can capture attention, leaving the user depleted of attentional resources. However, the theory of attention restoration (ART) suggests that environments with certain qualities can restore previously depleted resources. Previous research has tested ART using a variety of behavioral and perceptual tasks; however, researchers have yet to examine the predictions of ART using neurophysiological methods. I hypothesize that the default mode network, a region associated with internal thoughts, is associated with the restoration process in nature. This exploratory study evaluated the process of restoration using electroencephalography to measure potential changes in oscillatory activity after participants were exposed to a natural environment. Forty-seven (19 males) participants 18 to 37 years in age were recruited from the Salt Lake City area via flyers, advertisements, and word of mouth. In order to assess the effects of technological distraction, participants were assigned to a group that was concurrently talking on a phone during the walk or to a group that did not have any technology with them. Participants in the phone group had decreased recognition memory and increased activity at the theta frequency after the walk compared to participants who went on the walk without their phone. The data indicate that technology disrupts the process of restoration and decreases awareness of the surroundings.
The Nekrasov-Okounkov hook length formula: refinement, elementary proof, extension and applications

The paper is devoted to the derivation of the expansion formula for the powers of the Euler Product in terms of partition hook lengths, discovered by Nekrasov and Okounkov in their study of the Seiberg-Witten Theory. We provide a refinement based on a new property of t-cores, and give an elementary proof by using the Macdonald identities. We also obtain an extension by adding two more parameters, which appears to be a discrete interpolation between the Macdonald identities and the generating function for t-cores. Several applications are derived, including the "marked hook formula".
Face Recognition in Videos by Label Propagation

We consider the problem of automatic identification of faces in videos such as movies, given a dictionary of known faces from a public or an alternate database. This has applications in video indexing, content based search, surveillance, and real time recognition on wearable computers. We propose a two stage approach for this problem. First, we recognize the faces in a video using a sparse representation framework using l1-minimization and select a few key-frames based on a robust confidence measure. We then use transductive learning to propagate the labels from the key-frames to the remaining frames by incorporating constraints simultaneously in temporal and feature spaces. This is in contrast to some of the previous approaches where every test frame/track is identified independently, ignoring the correlation between the faces in video tracks. Having a few key frames belonging to few subjects for label propagation rather than a large dictionary of actors reduces the amount of confusion. We evaluate the performance of our algorithm on Movie Trailer face dataset and five movie clips, and achieve a significant improvement in labeling accuracy compared to previous approaches.
Ethanol Impairs Estrogen Receptor Signaling Resulting in Accelerated Activation of Senescence Pathways, Whereas Estradiol Attenuates the Effects of Ethanol in Osteoblasts

Epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for osteoporosis. Using bone from cycling female rats infused chronically with ethanol (EtOH) in vivo and osteoblastic cells in vitro, we found that EtOH significantly increased estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ) mRNA and ERα protein levels. Treatment with 17β‐estradiol (E2) in vivo and in vitro interfered with these effects of EtOH on bone and osteoblastic cells. ERα agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) and ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) attenuated EtOH‐induced ERα and ERβ gene overexpression, respectively. Similar to the ER antagonist ICI 182780, EtOH blocked nuclear translocation of ERα‐ECFP in the presence of E2 in UMR‐106 osteoblastic cells. EtOH also downregulated ERE‐luc reporter activity. On the other hand, EtOH by itself upregulated some common ERα‐ and ERβ‐mediated genes apparently by an ER‐independent pathway. EtOH also transactivated the luciferase activity of the p21 promoter region independent of additional exogenous ERα, activated p21 and p53, and stimulated senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in rat stromal osteoblasts. E2 treatment attenuated these EtOH actions. We conclude that inhibitory cross‐talk between EtOH and E2 in osteoblasts on ERs, p53/p21, and cell senescence provides a pathophysiologic mechanism underlying bone loss and the protective effects of estrogens in alcohol‐exposed females.
VOLTAGE REGULATION USING PHASE SHIFT MODULATION IN SINGLE-DC-SOURCE OR SOLAR VOLTAGE SOURCE USING CASCADED H-BRIDGE MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS

Cascaded H-bridge multilevel power electronic converters generally require several dc sources. An alternative option is to replace all the separate dc sources feeding the H-bridge cells with capacitors, leaving only one H-bridge cell with a real dc voltage source. This will yield a cost-effective converter. However, the required capacitor voltage balancing is challenging. In this paper, using the phase-shift modulation approach, a new control method for cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters fed with only one independent dc source is presented. The proposed method has a wide voltage regulation range for the replacement capacitors in the H-bridge cells. Experimental and simulation results support the proposed control method.
A Swine Model to Analyze Arterial Structural Changes Induced by Mechanical Thrombectomy

SUMMARY: We report a novel swine model that allows direct visualization of cervical arteries undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. The model also facilitates evaluation of histologic changes observed in the arteries after treatment. Swine superficial cervical arteries, which are similar in size and branching pattern to the human middle cerebral artery, were surgically exposed, occluded with experimental thrombus, and subsequently treated with the Merci clot retriever device. Angiographic and histologic assessment were performed.
Auditory function in Alzheimer's disease

The pattern of cerebral degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suggests that basic auditory capacities should be normal in AD, whereas progressively higher levels of auditory function should be increasingly impaired. To test this hypothesis, we administered tests of auditory capacities associated with primary auditory cortex (sound localization and perception of complex tones) and auditory association cortex (phoneme discrimination, timbre discrimination, and tonal memory) to 19 mildly to moderately demented AD patients, 21 elderly control subjects (ECS), and 14 young control subjects (YCS). The results showed significant differences between YCS and ECS on phoneme discrimination with synthetic speech and on tonal memory. The AD group differed from the ECS group on sound localization, one measure of synthetic speech discrimination, and timbre discrimination. Performance did not correlate with age, dementia severity, or duration of illness on any test condition. These findings indicate that although AD is accompanied by specific auditory deficits, the increase in neuropathology change between primary auditory and auditory association cortices is not reflected in an increased impairment of functions that are mediated by these areas. Degraded aural language comprehension, which is characteristic of AD, likely reflects disruption of language processes, rather than dysfunction specific to auditory circuits.
On-demand multipath routing protocol with preferential path selection probabilities for MANET

We developed an ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector protocol with path preferential selection probabilities (AODVM-PPSP) for a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). This protocol introduces a new method, in which each node deliberately selects one of the multipath routes to utilize. It adapts preference for the route with the least transmission delay time and node throughput. We examined our protocol under various network loads. We evaluated our protocol with Omnet simulator and the performance is compared with the conventional methods. We found that the multiple routes were efficiently selected and there by resulted in higher packet delivery ratio and lower routing packets. The simulation results show that our proposed protocol has the significant improvement over others.
An Event Model Adapted for Analysis of Verb Sense in Natural Language

The verb and its dominated semantic elements constitute an event. The event is one of the basic elements constituting natural language. This paper tries to analyze the verb sense under the level of event. First, the relation of verb and event is analyzed, and an event model adapted for representing the event connotation, the extension and the relation between them is presented. Second, the knowledge of event in natural language is abstracted and classified based on the event model, the static event which described the abstract knowledge of event is given, and the dynamic event which described the verb-noun chunk in the environment of actual language is given too. Third, this knowledge is adapted for describing the verb-noun chunks, and the algorithm adapted for analysis of verb sense is given. Finally, the result of experiment shows that this proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.
Support Vector Regression Based on Scaling Reproducing Kernel for Black-Box System Identification

A new least squares support vector regression model based on scaling reproducing kernel for black-box system identification is presented in this paper. The scaling reproducing kernel, which is a reproducing kernel in reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), is generated from the set of scaling basis function of some subspace of L 2(R). The support vector regression model incorporated the advantage of the support vector machines and the multi-resolution property of wavelet is discussed in detail. Experiments show that this method has better performance than other approaches
PVM and MPI Are Completely

PVM and MPI are often compared. These comparisons usually start with the un-spoken assumption that PVM and MPI represent diierent solutions to the same problem. In this paper we show that, in fact, the two systems often are solving diierent problems. In cases where the problems do match but the solutions chosen by PVM and MPI are diierent, we explain the reasons for the diierences. Usually such diierences can be traced to explicit diierences in the goals of the two systems, their origins, or the relationship between their speciications and their implementations. For example, we show that the requirement for portability and performance across many platforms caused MPI to chose diierent approaches than PVM, which is able to exploit the similarities of network-connected systems. This paper expands on earlier discussions; among the additions are parallel I/O, the safety of contexts, and a subtle performance issue in multiparty communications.
Ammonia as a Suitable Fuel for Fuel Cells

Ammonia, an important basic chemical, is produced at a scale of 150 million tons per year. Half of hydrogen produced in chemical industry is used for ammonia production. Ammonia containing 17.5wt% hydrogen is an ideal carbon-free fuel for fuel cells. Compared to hydrogen, ammonia has many advantages. In this mini-review, the suitability of ammonia as fuel for fuel cells, the development of different types of fuel cells using ammonia as the fuel and the potential applications of ammonia fuel cells are briefly reviewed.
Cognition, Information Fields and Hologenomic Entanglement: Evolution in Light and Shadow

As the prime unification of Darwinism and genetics, the Modern Synthesis continues to epitomize mainstay evolutionary theory. Many decades after its formulation, its anchor assumptions remain fixed: conflict between macro organic organisms and selection at that level represent the near totality of any evolutionary narrative. However, intervening research has revealed a less easily appraised cellular and microbial focus for eukaryotic existence. It is now established that all multicellular eukaryotic organisms are holobionts representing complex collaborations between the co-aligned microbiome of each eukaryote and its innate cells into extensive mixed cellular ecologies. Each of these ecological constituents has demonstrated faculties consistent with basal cognition. Consequently, an alternative hologenomic entanglement model is proposed with cognition at its center and conceptualized as Pervasive Information Fields within a quantum framework. Evolutionary development can then be reconsidered as being continuously based upon communication between self-referential constituencies reiterated at every scope and scale. Immunological reactions support and reinforce self-recognition juxtaposed against external environmental stresses.
New universality classes for quantum critical behavior.

We use the epsilon expansion to explore a new universality class of second order quantum phase transitions associated with a four-dimensional Yukawa field theory coupled to a traceless Hermitian matrix scalar field. We argue that this class includes four-fermion modes in 2{lt}{ital D}{lt}4 dimensions with SU({ital N}{sub {ital F}}){times}U({ital N}) symmetry and a U({ital N}) scalar, SU({ital N}{sub {ital F}}) isovector four-fermion coupling. The epsilon expansion indicates that there is a second order phase transition for {ital N}{ge}{ital N}*({ital N}{sub {ital F}}), where {ital N}*({ital N}{sub {ital F}}){congruent}0.27{ital N}{sub {ital F}} if {ital N}{sub {ital F}}{r_arrow}{infinity}.
Neurocognitive networks From Scholarpedia

The modern understanding of neurocognitive networks gradually emerged over the past two centuries as a resolution of the longstanding antagonism between two opposing views in neuropsychology. The first, localizationism, holds that complex cognitive functions are localized to specific brain regions, whereas the second, globalism, posits that they are global functions of the brain. Localizationist theory can be traced at least as far back as Gall’s doctrine of phrenology, which was based on faculty psychology, whereas the origins of globalism were at least as early, as evidenced by the work of Flourens (Young, 1990). The reconciliation of these views began with Wernicke’s (1874/1977) idea that complex functions of cognition are properties of distributed systems of linked brain regions, and are composed of elementary functions expressed by the individual regions. Building on this theme, Luria (1962/1977) offered a redefinition of functional localization in terms of networks “of complex dynamic structures” in the nervous system that are “united in a common task”. This line of thinking has led to the modern conception of cognitive function as resulting from integrated processes in distributed networks, the nodes of which are interconnected brain areas (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). From this perspective, cognition is viewed as a higher-order function that emerges from the dynamic interactions of distributed network nodes (Mountcastle, 1998). Fuster (2003) has observed that a paradigm shift to this network view of cognition is currently underway in cognitive neuroscience.
Internet gateway discovery and selection scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Internet gateways are used to access the Internet services from the Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Internet gateways need to be discovered and selected in an appropriate way to deliver more packets to the Internet and reduce end-to-end delay. Existing gateway discovery schemes do not scale well with the number of nodes, traffic load, and speed of the nodes in MANET. To make it scalable, we proposed a new gateway discovery and selection scheme. In our scheme, the gateways advertise gateway advertisement messages only on-demand. Moreover, it contains the advertisements within a limit in order to make our scheme scalable. We considered the interface queue length and the total number of neighbors along a route in addition to the hop count to bypass the loaded and dense route to the gateways in order to reduce the delay and packet loss. Simulation results show that our scheme scales well compared to that of other schemes.