Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Application of Support Vector Machine on Rate of Nonlinear Direct Cost

Time-cost optimization problem is one of the most important aspects of construction project planning and control. And the relationship between direct cost and activity duration is the base of project planning and control. Nowadays, when construction planners made an optimization of time-cost, they assumed the rate of direct cost is linear in order to calculate it simply. But in fact the direct cost of the project in function is non-linear. In order to obtain the relationship between direct cost and activity duration, this paper developed a universal non-linear function of the direct cost based on support vector machine (SVM). We can get the non-linear function of the direct cost through determined the coefficients of the function with SVM. This non-linear function of direct cost can describe the relationship between direct cost and duration more precise. And it can help construction planners to control project cost. After simulation of project, the validity and practicality of the method have been verified.
Role of informal mentoring in the career success of first‐line bank managers

Purpose – This study seeks to examine the role of informal mentoring in career success in an African work environment.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 510 first‐line bank managers through a survey of ten banks in four central business districts of Lagos State, Nigeria.Findings – Results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that informal mentoring accounts for a significant proportion of the variance (β=0.64, p<0.01) in career success. Informal mentoring increased R2 from 0.06 to 0.41 (p<0.01), indicating a significant change in R2 (ΔR2=0.35, p<0.01). Research limitations/implications – The findings are based on self‐report measures from respondents in the banking sector. This underscores the need for further research with objective measures from a wider domain.Practical implications – An intervention is needed to make informal mentoring thrive, enhance its quality and ensure career success.Originality/value – There is a paucity of literature relating mentoring to career succes.
Dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally-wound, permanent-magnet machines

A novel machine family-dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally-wound, permanent-magnet (RFTPM) machines-is proposed in order to substantially improve machine torque density and efficiency. After the principles of operation, configurations, and features are discussed, the machine design and optimization guidelines are given. A prototype has been designed, built, and tested. The measured torque density of the prototype, which well matches the design value, is almost three times that of the induction machine with the same power and speed. Meanwhile the efficiency is still kept high and the material cost is kept low by using ferrite magnets. Three novel approaches are proposed to reduce the cogging torque in RFTPM machines, whose validity is verified by FEA results and experimental measurements.
Nonneoplastic nasal lesions in rats and mice.

Rodents are commonly used for inhalation toxicology studies, but until recently the nasal passages have often been overlooked or only superficially examined. The rodent nose is a complex organ in which toxicant-induced lesions may vary, depending on the test compound. A working knowledge of rodent nasal anatomy and histology is essential for the proper evaluation of these responses. Lack of a systematic approach for examining rodent nasal tissue has led to a paucity of information regarding nonneoplastic lesions in the rodent nose. Therefore, slides from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT) were examined, and the literature was reviewed to assemble the spectrum of nonneoplastic rodent nasal pathology. Presented are lesions associated with the various types of epithelia lining the rodent nasal cavity plus lesions involving accessory nasal structures. Even though there are anatomic and physiologic differences between the rodent and human nose, both rats and mice provide valuable animal models for the study of nasal epithelial toxicity, following administration of chemical compounds. ImagesPLATE 1.PLATE 2.PLATE 3.PLATE 4.PLATE 5.PLATE 6.PLATE 7.PLATE 8.PLATE 9.PLATE 10.PLATE 11.PLATE 12.PLATE 13.PLATE 14.PLATE 15.PLATE 16.PLATE 17.PLATE 18.PLATE 19.PLATE 20.PLATE 21.PLATE 22.PLATE 23.PLATE 24.PLATE 25.PLATE 26.PLATE 27.PLATE 28.PLATE 29.PLATE 30.PLATE 31.PLATE 32.PLATE 33.PLATE 34.PLATE 35.PLATE 36.PLATE 37.PLATE 38.
Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance

Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking development an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Color in Medical Imaging

The field of radiology dates back to 1896 with the first direct x-ray exposure of film by Roentgen. From the next 80 years the exposure of black-and-white film by x-rays, and later, from calculated images from CAT scans, ultrasound scans, and MRI scans would dominate the hardcopy world of medical imaging. The uses of color were largely experimental and limited until the development of real-time color Doppler imaging in the early 1980s. Since that time, the uses of color have grown rapidly as 3D visualizations and multi-modality or multi-spectral images become widely utilized. The rapid growth of imaging techniques that combine anatomical information with additional functional or molecular information is driving color to the forefront, since additional information needs to be fused in the renderings. Thus, 100 years after Roentgen’s experiment, a century of monochrome imaging is giving way to an emerging need for color displays of medical images. The Monochrome Era 1900-1980 The direct exposure of film by x-rays dominated radiological imaging for at least the first half-century after Roentgen’s initial exposure of the human hand (Fig. 1). Due to the increasing understanding of the need to limit exposure to x-rays, a major early focus of development was on increasing the sensitivity of film, and developing contrast agents for enhancing the vasculature and uptake of contrast by organs and lesions. Many new techniques for obtaining tomographic and 3D image data sets were developed in the second half of the 20th century; however, the great majority of CAT scans, ultrasound scans, and MRI scans up to the early 1980s were rendered and interpreted as monochrome images (Fig. 2, 3, 4). One early use of color involved multiple x-ray exposures of the same object using different x-ray energy (Fig. 5) [1]. It is an empirical fact that the absorption of x-rays within bone and soft tissues is dependent on the wavelength (energy) of the x-ray source. Thus, multiple exposures of different x-ray wavelengths, when rendered as color channel information, were studied for the additional differential information that they might contain. However, this technique had a number of disadvantages, including the need for higher total x-ray exposure, and it did not achieve widespread use. Fig. 1. Wilhelm Roentgen with X-ray radiograph of his wife's hand. (http://www.learnxrf.com) Fig. 2. CT image of the human liver. (Permission from Dr.
A Survey on Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Routing Protocols

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have become more and more important in ocean exploration applications, such as ocean monitoring, pollution detection, ocean resource management, underwater device maintenance, etc. In underwater acoustic sensor networks, since the routing protocol guarantees reliable and effective data transmission from the source node to the destination node, routing protocol design is an attractive topic for researchers. There are many routing algorithms have been proposed in recent years. To present the current state of development of UASN routing protocols, we review herein the UASN routing protocol designs reported in recent years. In this paper, all the routing protocols have been classified into different groups according to their characteristics and routing algorithms, such as the non-cross-layer design routing protocol, the traditional cross-layer design routing protocol, and the intelligent algorithm based routing protocol. This is also the first paper that introduces intelligent algorithm-based UASN routing protocols. In addition, in this paper, we investigate the development trends of UASN routing protocols, which can provide researchers with clear and direct insights for further research.
Fast and Effective Algorithms for Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) models arise naturally as simple reformulations of many standard clustering algorithms including the popular spectral clustering method. Recent work has demonstrated that an elementary instance of SNMF provides superior clustering quality compared to many classic clustering algorithms on a variety of synthetic and real world data sets. In this work, we present novel reformulations of this instance of SNMF based on the notion of variable splitting and produce two fast and effective algorithms for its optimization using i) the provably convergent Accelerated Proximal Gradient (APG) procedure and ii) a heuristic version of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) framework. Our two algorithms present an interesting tradeoff between computational speed and mathematical convergence guarantee: while the former method is provably convergent it is considerably slower than the latter approach, for which we also provide significant but less stringent mathematical proof regarding its convergence. Through extensive experiments we show not only that the efficacy of these approaches is equal to that of the state of the art SNMF algorithm, but also that the latter of our algorithms is extremely fast being one to two orders of magnitude faster in terms of total computation time than the state of the art approach, outperforming even spectral clustering in terms of computation time on large data sets.
The Anonymity of the Hunt

Hunter-gatherers are often ascribed a “monistic” worldview at odds with the nature-society dichotomy. The centerpiece of this claim is that they view hunting as similar to sharing within the band and prey animals as part of a common sphere of sociality. This article challenges this thesis. An examination of the work of its main proponents shows that it conflates two different senses of “animal”—the flesh-and-blood animals of the hunt and the animal Spirit that is said to control the animals. The sharing motif in hunting makes sense with respect to the anthropomorphic Spirit but not to the animals hunted. The conditions of the hunt as a spatiotemporal event provide further grounds for skepticism toward the idea of hunting-as-sharing. Drawing on biologist Robert Hinde’s model of relationships, I argue that hunting represents an anonymous one-off interaction that cannot develop into a personal relationship, in stark contrast to the durable forms of personalized sociality associated with the hunter-gatherer band. This is not to deny the possibility of human-animal cosociality in the form of personal relationships but rather to redirect the search away from the hunt to the interface with domesticated animals.
Piracy & Social Change| Crack Intros: Piracy, Creativity and Communication

This article deals with “crack intros,” short animated audiovisual presentations that reside at the crossroads of software piracy, creativity and communication. Since the beginning of the home computer era in the late 1970s, users have copied and shared software with each other. Informal swapping between friends quickly evolved into organized piracy, known as “the warez scene,” which operated across borders. Starting from the early 1980s, pirated games were often accompanied by screens where groups boasted their accomplishments and sent messages to others. The screens soon turned into flashy intros that contained animated logos, moving text, and music. In this article, we take a look at crack intros from three different perspectives: first, through their history; second, by treating them as creative artifacts; and finally, by considering them as a communication medium. The three perspectives offer a novel peek into the practices of early software piracy and its little-known creative aspects.
On Sparsity and Overcompleteness in Image Models

Computational models of visual cortex, and in particular those based on sparse coding, have enjoyed much recent attention. Despite this currency, the question of how sparse or how over-complete a sparse representation should be, has gone without principled answer. Here, we use Bayesian model-selection methods to address these questions for a sparse-coding model based on a Student-t prior. Having validated our methods on toy data, we find that natural images are indeed best modelled by extremely sparse distributions; although for the Student-t prior, the associated optimal basis size is only modestly over-complete.
Sexual dimorphism in interferon‐τ production by in vivo‐derived bovine embryos

Interferon‐tau (IFN‐τ) is an anti‐luteolytic factor responsible for preventing regression of the maternal corpus luteum (CL) during early pregnancy of cattle. In vitro‐produced (IVP) bovine embryos first produce IFN‐τ as blastocysts. In the present study, we have examined whether sexually dimorphic production of IFN‐τ, which is observed among IVP blastocysts, also occurs among in vivo‐produced blastocysts, and whether this difference between the sexes persists to day 14 when silencing of one of the X‐chromosomes in the trophectoderm is complete. Embryos were flushed from cattle that had been superovulated and bred by AI. Blastocysts (63 male, 62 female) recovered between days 8.5 and 9.5 of pregnancy, were cultured individually. No differences were observed between males and females in either their developmental stage or quality at the beginning, during, and at the end of culture. Female embryos produced more IFN‐τ than males by 24 hr (mean values, males: 16.6 ± 3.7, females: 49.4 ± 9.0 pg per embryo; P < 0.05) and 48 hr (male: 189.8 ± 37.1, female: 410.9 ± 66.6 pg per embryo; P < 0.05). However, the variability in IFN‐τ production between individual blastocysts was so great that IFN‐τ secretion is unlikely to be of value as a non‐invasive means to predict embryo sex. When conceptuses were recovered at day 14, elongating males (n = 25) and females (n = 24) were similar in dimension and did not differ in their IFN‐τ production after 4.5 hr (male: 2,550 ± 607, female: 2,376 ± 772 ng per conceptus) and 24 hr (male: 12,056 ± 2,438, female: 8,447 ± 1,630 ng per conceptus) of culture. Thus, sexual dimorphism in IFN‐τ production is observed in both IVP and in vivo‐produced expanded blastocysts, but is lost by day 14 of in vivo development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67:193–199, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative performance of traps in catching tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of different tsetse traps in 28 sites across Tanzania. The traps used were biconical, H, NGU, NZI, pyramidal, S3, mobile, and sticky panels. Stationary traps were deployed at a distance of 200 m apart and examined 72 h after deployment. The results showed that 117 (52.2%) out of the 224 traps deployed captured at least one Glossina species. A total of five Glossina species were captured, namely Glossina brevipalpis, Glossina pallidipes, Glossina swynnertoni, Glossina morsitans, and Glossina fuscipes martinii. Biconical traps caught tsetse flies in 27 sites, pyramidal in 26, sticky panel in 20, mobile in 19, S3 in 15, NGU in 7, H in 2 and NZI in 1. A total of 21 107 tsetse flies were trapped, with the most abundant species being G. swynnertoni (55.9%), followed by G. pallidipes (31.1%), G. fuscipes martinii (6.9%) and G. morsitans (6.0%). The least caught was G. brevipalpis (0.2%). The highest number of flies were caught by NGU traps (32.5%), followed by sticky panel (16%), mobile (15.4%), pyramidal (13.0%), biconical (11.3%) and S3 (10.2%). NZI traps managed to catch 0.9% of the total flies and H traps 0.7%. From this study, it can be concluded that the most efficient trap was NGU, followed by sticky panel and mobile, in that order. Therefore, for tsetse fly control programmes, NGU traps could be the better choice. Conversely, of the stationary traps, pyramidal and biconical traps captured tsetse flies in the majority of sites, covering all three ecosystems better than any other traps; therefore, they would be suitable for scouting for tsetse infestation in any given area, thus sparing the costs of making traps for each specific Glossina species.
EXPRESSION AND EMBRYOGENESIS IN AMPHIBIANS

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Historical background 3. The search for inducing factors 3.1 Isolation of the first embryonic inducing factor from chicken embryos – a milestone for our understanding of evolutionary conserved proteins 3.2 The search for neuralizing factors 4. The Responding Tissue 5. Autoneuralization and the Neural Default Hypothesis 6. Organizer and Antiorganizers 7. The importance of gradients for the anterior-posterior organization of the embryo 8. Germ layer determination – the three-signal (cascade)-model 9. Planar versus vertical signal during neural induction 10. Amphibians – a model system for organ engineering 11. Conclusions and Prospects in the 21 st Century Acknowledgements Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch
Bud23 Methylates G1575 of 18S rRNA and Is Required for Efficient Nuclear Export of Pre-40S Subunits

ABSTRACT BUD23 was identified from a bioinformatics analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in ribosome biogenesis. Deletion of BUD23 leads to severely impaired growth, reduced levels of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, and a block in processing 20S rRNA to 18S rRNA, a late step in 40S maturation. Bud23 belongs to the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent Rossmann-fold methyltransferase superfamily and is related to small-molecule methyltransferases. Nevertheless, we considered that Bud23 methylates rRNA. Methylation of G1575 is the only mapped modification for which the methylase has not been assigned. Here, we show that this modification is lost in bud23 mutants. The nuclear accumulation of the small-subunit reporters Rps2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Rps3-GFP, as well as the rRNA processing intermediate, the 5′ internal transcribed spacer 1, indicate that bud23 mutants are defective for small-subunit export. Mutations in Bud23 that inactivated its methyltransferase activity complemented a bud23Δ mutant. In addition, mutant ribosomes in which G1575 was changed to adenosine supported growth comparable to that of cells with wild-type ribosomes. Thus, Bud23 protein, but not its methyltransferase activity, is important for biogenesis and export of the 40S subunit in yeast.
Measures of Conditional Tail-Dependence Risk with Copulas

With the incorporation and globalization of financial market, the dependence relation between financial time series is strengthening, especially when the extreme events occur, the dependence effect is more obvious. Itpsilas very interesting to investigate the dependence structure and measures of tail part of time series. In this paper, some dependence probabilities and conditional tail-dependence risk measures are proposed to study the tail dependence risk of time series.
Education for sustainable development (ESD)

Purpose – This article aims to explore the challenges posed by the conceptual framework and diversity of practice of education for sustainable development (ESD). The implications of plurality of ESD perspectives and methodological approaches as well variations in ESD practice will be addressed. Critical framework for conceptualizing of ESD which takes environmental ethics into account will be proposed through the discussion of The Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Attitudes Toward the Sustainable Development (EAATSD) scale. Design/methodology/approach – The paper opted for a general review approach, covering literature that provides an overview of the concepts and practices of ESD, as well as program evaluation studies. Additionally, qualitative evaluation of EAATSD scale with students of higher professional education was conducted, using in-depth interviews and dialogue with individual students as well as classroom discussions. Findings – It was found that there are wide and inconclusive debates about the a.
MLL2 mosaic mutations and intragenic deletion–duplications in patients with Kabuki syndrome

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare multi‐system disorder that can result in a variety of congenital malformations, typical dysmorphism and variable learning disability. It is caused by MLL2 point mutations in the majority of the cases and, rarely by deletions involving KDM6A. Nearly one third of cases remain unsolved. Here, we expand the known genetic basis of KS by presenting five typical patients with the condition, all of whom have novel MLL2 mutation types– two patients with mosaic small deletions, one with a mosaic whole‐gene deletion, one with a multi‐exon deletion and one with an intragenic multi‐exon duplication. We recommend MLL2 dosage studies for all patients with typical KS, where traditional Sanger sequencing fails to identify mutations. The prevalence of such MLL2 mutations in KS may be comparable with deletions involving KDM6A. These findings may be helpful in understanding the mutational mechanism of MLL2 and the disease mechanism of KS.