Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly Linear and Low Noise Shell Doped GaN Junctionless Nanotube TeraFET for the Design of Ultra-Wideband LNA in 6G Communications

The evolution trend of wireless communication systems tends to ultra-high data rate, ultra-low latency, and high bandwidth systems. It is foreseen that 6G wireless communication systems will be developed in the range of 100–300 GHz (upper mmWave band) and 300–3000 GHz (terahertz band). In such frequencies, the performance of junctionless field effective transistors is limited due to the reduction of carrier mobility in the device channel. In this paper, for the first time, a shell doped device is proposed to improve RF merit parameters and high-frequency noise performance of GaN junctionless double surrounding nanotube FET device with dual material outer gate (SD-GaN-JNFET). Simulation results show that the doping engineering in the proposed device reduces scattering caused by phonon and doping and increases electron mobility significantly. Parameters gmmax and ƒT of the SD-GaN-JNFET device in channel length of 15 nm are 666 μS and 8.47 THz, respectively, and NFmin<0.025 dB is satisfied in the frequency range of 0-500 GHz. The effect of shell doped area on the linearity performance is evaluated. Moreover, the device shows excellent reliability in terms of trap charges. A non-quasi-static small signal model is developed for the device and incorporated into a low noise amplifier (LNA) design. The LNA with S21 = 22.10 dB and NF = 0.032 dB in central band frequency (140 GHz) was attained. This article opens up an opportunity to achieve high-performance LNA for D-Band 6G applications with the reliable SD-GaN-JNFET device.
Clinical Implications of the Lung Ultrasound Score in Patients after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background Lung ultrasound score (LUS) is a clinical index used to measure lung injury, but its clinical value in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical value of LUS in patients after CPR. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 34 patients older than 18 years with a nontraumatic cause of in-hospital cardiac arrest, who received standard resuscitation and achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). All patients underwent bedside lung ultrasound examination within half an hour once ROSC was achieved, and LUSs were calculated. The study included patient death as the endpoint event. Results Compared with the group with lower LUSs, the patients with higher LUSs had a lower oxygenation index, longer duration of CPR, and lower 72 h survival rate. The initial LUS had good clinical value in predicting the secondary outcomes of CPR (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.353, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018–1.797, and P = 0.037) and 72 h survival rate of patients who underwent CPR (aOR: 1.145, 95% CI: 1.014–1.294, and P = 0.029). Conclusions LUS was shown to be helpful and had a prognostic value in patients after CPR.
Repurposing Glutathione Transferases: Directed Evolution Combined with Chemical Modification for the Creation of a Semisynthetic Enzyme with High Hydroperoxidase Activity

Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are antioxidant selenoenzymes, which catalyze the reduction of hydroperoxides via glutathione (GSH), providing protection to cells against oxidative stress metabolites. The present study aims to create an efficient semisynthetic GPX based on the scaffold of tau class glutathione transferase (GSTU). A library of GSTs was constructed via DNA shuffling, using three homologue GSTUs from Glycine max as parent sequences. The DNA library of the shuffled genes was expressed in E. coli and the catalytic activity of the shuffled enzymes was screened using cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) as substrate. A chimeric enzyme variant (named Sh14) with 4-fold enhanced GPX activity, compared to the wild-type enzyme, was identified and selected for further study. Selenocysteine (Sec) was substituted for the active-site Ser13 residue of the Sh14 variant via chemical modification. The GPX activity (kcat) and the specificity constant (kcat/Κm) of the evolved seleno-Sh14 enzyme (SeSh14) was increased 177- and 2746-fold, respectively, compared to that of the wild-type enzyme for CuOOH. Furthermore, SeSh14 effectively catalyzed the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, an activity that is completely undetectable in all GSTs. Such an engineered GPX-like biocatalyst based on the GSTU scaffold might serve as a catalytic bioscavenger for the detoxification of hazardous hydroperoxides. Furthermore, our results shed light on the evolution of GPXs and their structural and functional link with GSTs.
New methods for the synthesis of radiation patterns of coupled antenna arrays = Nuevos métodos de síntesis de diagramas de radiación de agrupaciones de antenas acopladas

The main objective of this thesis is the development of optimization methods for the radiation pattern synthesis of array antennas in which a rigorous electromagnetic characterization of the radiators and the mutual coupling between them is performed. The electromagnetic characterization is usually overlooked in most of the available synthesis methods in the literature, this is mainly due to two reasons. On the one hand, it is argued that the radiation pattern of an array is mainly influenced by the array factor and that the mutual coupling plays a minor role. As it is shown in this thesis, the mutual coupling and the rigorous characterization of the array antenna influences significantly in the array performance and its computation leads to differences in the results obtained. On the other hand, it is difficult to introduce an analysis procedure into a synthesis technique. The analysis of array antennas is generally expensive computationally as the structure to analyze is large in terms of wavelengths. A synthesis method requires to carry out a large number of analysis, this makes the synthesis problem very expensive computationally or intractable in some cases. Two methods have been used in this thesis for the analysis of coupled antenna arrays, both of them have been developed in the research group in which this thesis is involved. They are based on the finite element method (FEM), the domain decomposition and the modal analysis. The first one obtains a finite array characterization with the results obtained from the infinite array approach. It is specially indicated for the analysis of large arrays with equispaced elements. The second one characterizes the array elements and the mutual coupling between them with a spherical wave expansion of the radiated field by each element. The mutual coupling is computed using the properties of translation and rotation of spherical waves. This method is able to analyze arrays with elements placed on an arbitrary distribution. Both techniques provide a matrix formulation that makes them very suitable for being integrated in synthesis techniques, the results obtained from these synthesis methods will be very accurate. The array synthesis stands for the modification of one or several array parameters looking for some desired specifications of the radiation pattern. The array parameters used as optimization variables are usually the excitation weights applied to the array elements, but some other array characteristics can be used as well, such as the array elements positions or rotations. The desired specifications may be to steer the beam towards any specific direction or to generate shaped beams with arbitrary geometry. i
Photoelectrochemical Enzyme Biosensor for Malate Using Quantum Dots on Indium Tin Oxide/Plastics as a Sensing Surface

A photoelectrochemical biosensor for malate was developed using an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer deposited on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic sheet as a transparent electrode material for the immobilization of malate dehydrogenase together with CdTe quantum dots. Different approaches were compared for the construction of the bioactive layer; the highest response was achieved by depositing malate dehydrogenase together with CdTe nanoparticles and covering it with a Nafion/water (1:1) mixture. The amperometric signal of this biosensor was recorded during irradiation with a near-UV LED in the flow-through mode. The limit of detection was 0.28 mmol/L, which is adequate for analyzing malic acid levels in drinks such as white wines and fruit juices. The results confirm that the cheap ITO layer deposited on the plastic sheet after cutting into rectangular electrodes allows for the economic production of photoelectrochemical (bio)sensors. The combination of NAD+-dependent malate dehydrogenase with quantum dots was also compatible with such an ITO surface.
Calibration of ShadowCam

ShadowCam is a high-sensitivity, high-resolution imager provided by NASA for the Danuri (KPLO) lunar mission. ShadowCam calibration shows that it is well suited for its purpose, to image permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) that occur near the lunar poles. It is 205 times as sensitive as the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). The signal to noise ratio (SNR) is greater than 100 over a large part of the dynamic range, and the top of the dynamic range is high enough to accommodate most brighter PSR pixels. The optical performance is good enough to take full advantage of the 1.7 meter/pixel image scale, and calibrated images have uniform response. We describe some instrument artifacts that are amenable to future corrections, making it possible to improve performance further. Stray light control is very challenging for this mission. In many cases, ShadowCam can image shadowed areas with directly illuminated terrain in or near the field of view (FOV). We include thorough qualitative descriptions of circumstances under which lunar brightness levels far higher than the top of the dynamic range cause detector or stray light artifacts and the size and extent of the artifact signal under those circumstances.
Epigenetic Alterations as Vital Aspects of Bortezomib Molecular Action

Simple Summary The implantation of proteasome inhibitors was a milestone in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). One such first-in-class molecule was bortezomib (BTZ). Its cytotoxic effects are exerted through proteasome inhibition and the subsequent accumulation of misfolded or otherwise defective proteins. In addition to its main mechanisms of action, BTZ elicits various epigenetic alterations within target cells which are part of its mechanism of action. Importantly, epigenetic changes also participate in mediating resistance to BTZ. Some epigenetic agents such as azacitidine act synergically with BTZ or have the potential to restore sensitivity to the drug in resistant malignant cells. In this paper, we reviewed the epigenetic aspects of BTZ molecular action with a particular emphasis on drug resistance mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Abstract Bortezomib (BTZ) is widely implemented in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Its main mechanism of action is very well established. BTZ selectively and reversibly inhibits the 26S proteasome. More precisely, it interacts with the chymotryptic site of the 20S proteasome and therefore inhibits the degradation of proteins. This results in the intracellular accumulation of misfolded or otherwise defective proteins leading to growth inhibition and apoptosis. As well as interfering with the ubiquitin–proteasome complex, BTZ elicits various epigenetic alterations which contribute to its cytotoxic effects as well as to the development of BTZ resistance. In this review, we summarized the epigenetic alterations elicited by BTZ. We focused on modifications contributing to the mechanism of action, those mediating drug-resistance development, and epigenetic changes promoting the occurrence of peripheral neuropathy. In addition, there are therapeutic strategies which are specifically designed to target epigenetic changes. Herein, we also reviewed epigenetic agents which might enhance BTZ-related cytotoxicity or restore the sensitivity to BTZ of resistant clones. Finally, we highlighted putative future perspectives regarding the role of targeting epigenetic changes in patients exposed to BTZ.
Comparison of morbidity at the donor site and clinical efficacy at the recipient site between two different connective tissue graft harvesting techniques from the palate: A randomized clinical trial

Background. This study was conducted to compare the pain levels in patients and the clinical efficacy of grafts obtained using two techniques, namely de-epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), in combination with coronally advanced flap (CAF) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions. Methods. Twelve patients were treated using DGG+CAF on one side and SCTG+CAF on the other. The patients’ pain levels at the surgical site, the number of analgesics taken on days 3 and 7, the mean root coverage (MRC), the percentage of complete root coverage (CRC), color match, and gingival thickness (GT) at the graft recipient site were evaluated 6 months after surgery. Results. The total number of analgesics taken during the 7-day period after surgery and pain levels at the surgical site from day 3 to day 7 were significantly higher in the DGG+CAF group compared to the SCTG+CAF group (P=0.001). In the 6-month follow-up, color match and CRC were significantly higher in the SCTG+CAF group, while GT was significantly higher in the DGG+CAF group. There was no significant difference in MRC between the two groups. Conclusion. The pain and analgesic consumption levels were higher in the DGG+CAF group compared to the SCTG+CAF group, and the recipient site had a weaker color match. However, this technique can lead to a greater increase in the thickness of the grafted area.
Joint Learning of Spectral Clustering and Low-Rank Representation Based on Precise Segmentation Cost for Cancer Subtype Identification

Tumor samples clustering based on subspace segmentation is an effective method to discover cancer subtypes. Accurate and reliable identifications of cancer subtypes are crucial for understanding cancer pathogenesis as well as clinical diagnosis and treatment. Joint learning-based subspace clustering methods utilize the high correlation between data affinity and data segmentation for better clustering results. However, existing joint learning-based methods only provide an approximation of the segmentation cost in the joint optimization term, which could lead to sub-optimal results. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm named joint learning of spectral clustering and low-rank representation based on precise segmentation cost (JLSLPS) for cancer subtype identification. In our method, we impose non-negative and symmetric constraints on the low-rank representation matrix so that the representation coefficient can be equivalent to data affinity for the precise representation of segmentation cost. Therefore, the spectral clustering objective can be represented precisely to guide the learning of data affinity and segmentation more effectively. Finally, we solve the optimization problem of JLSLPS by using the linearized alternating direction method with adaptive penalty. We run JLSLPS on 8 cancer gene expression datasets and used 9 state-of-the-art clustering methods for comparison. Experimental results show that our method can increase ACC by 1.00-7.95% and NMI by 2.7-12.22% compared with the other methods, which proves the superiority of the proposed method.
Privacy-Preserving Task Scheduling for Time-Sharing Services of Autonomous Vehicles

Sharing of autonomous vehicles between multiple users can potentially be the ultimate solution for increasing the efficiency of the transportation system. In a time-sharing scenario, autonomous vehicles (AV) owners share their vehicles to others at their unwanted times without incurring any human efforts. However, such sharing service requires the disclosure of users’ locations and route information, raising severe privacy concerns and issues. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving task scheduling scheme for time-sharing services of autonomous vehicles. First, we design a matching scheme that finds the feasible requesters for each available AV. Then, we propose a scheduling scheme using different approaches for assigning requesters to the AVs based on different system parameters. Both schemes work efficiently without requiring users to share their exact locations and route details while maximizing the AV owner profit and minimizing the requester cost. Specifically, our schemes enable an untrusted matching server to match owners and requesters using a set of intermediate destination (ID) locations in the travel paths. Only if the service can be given to the requester efficiently, the owner and the requester share the details of the routes. All the calculations for verification of the feasibility of the service are done on the untrusted server. We show the accuracy of our proposed scheme through extensive simulations on real data. The results confirm that our traffic-based ID selection scheme, with consideration of the traffic information and patterns in the area, outperforms the baseline scheme where the IDs are chosen randomly. Furthermore, the effectiveness of different scheduling schemes including greedy-based and first come first served are evaluated.
Migration and mobility in the latest Neolithic of the Traisen Valley, Lower Austria: Sr isotope analysis

In the last forty years, continuing rescue excavations in the Lower Traisen valley (Unteres Traisental) in Lower Austria have identified about 180 burials dating to the final Neolithic (2600–2200 BC). They belong to the Corded Ware culture and Late Bell Beaker culture. Enamel from permanent teeth of a total of 49 individuals originating from Subsites I, II and III of the Franzhausen (FH) excavation area were analysed with respect to their strontium isotopic composition. The aim was to identify locals and nonlocals and to contribute to questions of mobility and migration. We applied a validated routine procedure for Sr isotope ratio measurements using solutionbased multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). In addition, recent soil samples from the Franzhausen area were extracted by ammonium nitrate solutions in order to delimit the local isotope signal of bioavailable Sr in the region. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the enamel revealed that about 88% of the investigated individuals are autochthonous. These data were subjected to a further detailed evaluation with respect to the individuals’ age at death and sex, as well as to a possible spatial differentiation (FH I, II and III) and cultural affiliation. Sr isotope ratio data show no pattern regarding age at death. Higher mobility was found for male individuals compared to that for females. Results evaluated according to chronological and spatial subgroups imply differences in mobility. Distinct groups of representatives of the Corded Ware culture in the subsites were identified as nonlocals, whereas all of the investigated individuals assigned to the Late Bell Beaker culture were locals.
Optimal Makespan in a Minute Timespan! A Scalable Multi-Robot Goal Assignment Algorithm for Minimizing Mission Time

We study a variant of the multi-robot goal assignment problem where a unique goal to each robot needs to be assigned while minimizing the largest cost of movement among the robots, called makespan. A significant step in solving this problem is to find the cost associated with the robot-goal pairs, which requires solving a complex path planning problem. We present OM, a scalable optimal algorithm that solves the multi-robot goal assignment problem by computing the paths for a significantly less number of robot-goal pairs compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms, leading to a computationally superior mechanism to solve the problem. We extensively evaluate our algorithm for hundreds of robots on randomly generated and standard workspaces. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves a noticeable speedup over two state-of-the-art baseline algorithms.
A Brain-Controlled Quadruped Robot: A Proof-of-Concept Demonstration

Coupling brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) and robotic systems in the future can enable seamless personal assistant systems in everyday life, with the requests that can be performed in a discrete manner, using one’s brain activity only. These types of systems might be of a particular interest for people with locked-in syndrome (LIS) or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because they can benefit from communicating with robotic assistants using brain sensing interfaces. In this proof-of-concept work, we explored how a wireless and wearable BCI device can control a quadruped robot—Boston Dynamics’ Spot. The device measures the user’s electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG) activity of the user from the electrodes embedded in the glasses’ frame. The user responds to a series of questions with YES/NO answers by performing a brain-teaser activity of mental calculus. Each question–answer pair has a pre-configured set of actions for Spot. For instance, Spot was prompted to walk across a room, pick up an object, and retrieve it for the user (i.e., bring a bottle of water) when a sequence resolved to a YES response. Our system achieved at a success rate of 83.4%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first integration of wireless, non-visual-based BCI systems with Spot in the context of personal assistant use cases. While this BCI quadruped robot system is an early prototype, future iterations may embody friendly and intuitive cues similar to regular service dogs. As such, this project aims to pave a path towards future developments in modern day personal assistant robots powered by wireless and wearable BCI systems in everyday living conditions.
Anti-Inflammatory and Cortical Responses after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Disorders of Consciousness: An Exploratory Study

Disorders of consciousness (DoC) due to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are associated with severe disability and an alteration of cortical activation, angiogenesis, and inflammation, which are crucial elements for behavioural recovery. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory and cortical responses after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in traumatic prolonged disorders of consciousness. Ten minimally conscious state (MCS) patients underwent ten sessions of anodal tDCS (five sessions/week, two weeks, 40 min/session) on the primary motor cortex bilaterally. Clinical evaluations were performed using the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised (CRS-R) pre- and post-treatment. In contrast, after single and multiple tDCS sessions, the haemodynamic cortical response was obtained with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Moreover, angiogenesis (angiopoietin-2, BMP9, endoglin, HbEFG, HGF, IL8, Leptin, PLGF, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C) and inflammation (GM-CSF, IFNg, IP10, MCP1, and TNFα) circulating biomarkers were collected. A significant haemodynamic response was observed after a single tDCS session, with an increased activation from 4.4 (3.1–6.1) to 7.6 (2.9–15.7) a.u. (p = 0.035). After ten tDCS sessions, a significant reduction of angiopoietin-2, VEGF-C, and IP-10 was detected. Moreover, a correlation between behavioural (CRS-R), TNFα (r = 0.89; p = 0.007), and IP10 (r = 0.81; p = 0.014) variation was found. In conclusion, a single tDCS session can increase the cortical activation in MCS patients. Moreover, multiple tDCS sessions showed an anti-inflammatory effect related to behavioural improvement.