Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States Terry Lynn Karl Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997, pp. xviii, 342

des politiques de garde actuelles: reduction de couts, decentralisation, diversification, flexibilite et individualisation. Les choix m6thodologiques sont judicieux—on compare les pays, mais en meme temps on observe des specificites dans les politiques et dans les processus de formulation des politiques dans chaque pays. La mouvance des forces politiques, culturelles et sociales est de"crite, ce qui donne une plus grande profondeur a l'analyse et fait en sorte que la synthese finale ne se limite pas a une lecture superficielle des tendances. Le livre a un caractere tres p^dagogique—on peut facilement imaginer son inte"ret pour soulever des d6bats et des discussions sur la m^thode comparative. Quelle est la place du discours? De la d£mographie? Des finances publiques? Quelles donne"es sont disponibles pour opeYationnaliser certains criteres? Comment les paradigmes existants sur le role des femmes faconnentils les choix dans les politiques publiques? Le livre offre des pistes de re"ponse a toutes ces questions et me semble done admirablement construit pour etre utilis6 dans l'enseignement. En meme temps, le livre est profondement deprimant—partout les politiques de garde traduisent une vision moins e'galitaire de la place des femmes qu'il y a dix ou quinze ans. Cette Evolution qu'on avait remarque'e est ici clairement de'montree. Meme la Suede remet en cause son modele d'6galite. II y a la de quoi inquieter, non seulement les feministes, mais aussi tous ceux qui croient que les enfants ont besoin du meilleur depart possible dans la vie. On impute aux families la responsabilit6 de la garde des enfants, alors que les families d'aujourd'hui sont fragiles—tout le monde travaille, dans des conditions souvent prdcaires; si la famille est monoparentale, il y a de fortes chances que la mere, et done la famille, soit pauvre. Done l'importance accrue que Ton peut accorder a la liberty de choix des parents est un leurre car les services collectifs ou communautaires existent de moins en moins. Le contenu deprimant du livre n'est pas du tout un defaut. C'est au contraire une qualite" d'avoir reussi a souligner les tendances lourdes du desengagement de l'Etat. Bien que l'ouvrage mette en lumiere l'influence tres importante des facteurs socio-e'eonomiques sur les politiques publiques, il tient compte du role des variables politiques et de d'autres enjeux.
Interdomain traffic engineering with BGP

Traffic engineering is performed by means of a set of techniques that can be used to better control the flow of packets inside an IP network. We discuss the utilization of these techniques across interdomain boundaries in the global Internet. We first analyze the characteristics of interdomain traffic on the basis of measurements from three different Internet service providers and show that a small number of sources are responsible for a large fraction of the traffic. Across interdomain boundaries, traffic engineering relies on a careful tuning of the route advertisements sent via the border gateway protocol. We explain how this tuning can be used to control the flow of incoming and outgoing traffic, and identify its limitations.
Reply to: can CBT substantially change grey matter volume in chronic fatigue syndrome?

Sir, We thank Dr Bramsen for her interest in our recently published article (de Lange et al. 2008). In this article, we report on an increase in prefrontal grey matter volume following cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) in a group of patients suffering from the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Dr Bramsen raises two points of criticism. First, she questions the lack of a control group of patients receiving no treatment or a different treatment. While this limitation was already emphasized in the discussion section of de Lange et al. (2008), it remains unclear how the observed behavioral and cerebral changes could be accounted for by generic and CBT-independent factors. Dr …
Is the mesocortical dopaminergic system involved in Parkinson disease?

Tyrosine hydroxylase was used to identify catechol-aminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area of the human mesencephalon. High enzyme activity in the normal ventral tegmental area indicated the presence of numerous cathecholaminergic neurons, most likely dopamine cells. Tyrosine-hydroxylase activity was decreased in the ventral tegmental area of parkinsonian patients, implying a lesion of the mesocortical dopamine system in Parkinson disease.
Contrasting dilatant behaviors of mafic and ultramafic rocks based on triaxial deformation experiments

We performed triaxial deformation experiments on cylindrical specimens of mafic and ultramafic rocks to quantify their dilatant behaviors. Experiments were performed using an intra–vessel deformation and fluid flow apparatus at room temperature, a constant strain rate of ~ 10−6 s−1, and a confining pressure of 20 MPa. Axial and radial strains were monitored using strain gauges glued to the specimens. The onset of dilatancy of mafic rocks ranged from 41 to 64% of the maximum differential stress, and the inelastic volumetric strain reached ~7 × 10−3 at the maximum differential stress. These results are generally typical of crystalline rocks. Microstructural observation of recovered samples after deformation indicates that the dilatancy of mafic rocks were caused by opening of axial microcracks. In contrast, the onset of dilatancy of ultramafic rocks occurred at >77% of the maximum differential stress, and the inelastic volumetric strain at the maximum differential stress was less than 2.7 × 10−3. These contrasting behaviors of dilatancy could be related to different crack modes developed during deformation, where shear microcracks along grain boundary were dominated in ultramafic rocks as is evident from a nearly random crack orientation along grain boundary. As dilatancy is related to the opening of microcracks, these contrasting dilatant behaviors of mafic and ultramafic rocks can lead to different modification of the physical and transport properties during brittle deformation.
The spirit of despotism: Understanding the tyrant within

The objective of this article is to better understand the developmental history of despotic regimes and the existence of leadership by terror. To gain greater insight into this phenomenon, the unusual relationship between leaders and followers in despotic regimes is explored, and the self-destructive cycle that characterizes such regimes is examined. The price paid in the form of human suffering and the breakdown of the moral fabric of a society is highlighted. In this article, particular attention is paid to highly intrusive totalitarian regimes. The levers used by such regimes to consolidate their power base are discussed in detail. The role of ideology, the enforcement of mind-control, the impact of the media, the inception of the illusion of solidarity, and the search for scapegoats are part of the review. Finally, suggestions are made on how to prevent despotic leaders from gaining a hold on power. Observations are made about the newly founded International Criminal Court, a permanent international j.
Current Trends and outcomes : Endovascular Management in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans ( ASO ) of Lower Limb Vessels

Arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) or peripheral artery disease (PAD) is among one of the most common medical concerns that is responsible for high patient morbidity. Because of sedentary lifestyle and smoking ASO of lower limb vessels are now a considered with critical significance. Along with the different treatment method, the interventional procedure concerning Percutaneous Transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the most successful procedure regarding the management of ASO of the lower limb vessels. The basic objective of this study is to determine the effect of PTA and compare the outcome of PTA -balloon dilatation with PTA stenting for the lesions of the lower limb vessels and to provide a proper conclusive indication of a particular management regarding endovascular management of lower limb vessel stenosis and osculation. Our study summarized with the following conclusion: PTA and primary stenting of the lower limb vessels for management of ASO can be performed safely in early and in advanced PAD. The results seem to be an improvement over those of balloon angioplasty alone when compared with published literatures. In the intermediate term, treatment of PAD by primary Implantation of a self-expanding stent yielded results that were superior to those with the currently recommended approach of balloon angioplasty. This reduces the chance of re-occlusion and thus reduces the morbidity and provides a better patient outcome. Judging the review of the literatures and the outcome, PTA appears to be the most feasible, safe, and effective procedure of these days for the treatment of ASO. In long-term results, most of the study data demonstrated a high success rate of PTA stenting in comparison to balloon angioplasty in the treatment of PAD cases. In the view of this it is justified to say that PTA can be the primary choice for the management of Critical limb ischemia.
Towards the creation of a Gesture Library

The evolution of technology has risen new possibilities in the so called Natural User Interfaces research area. Among distinct initiatives, several researchers are working with the existing sensors towards improving the support to gesture languages. This article tackles the recognition of gestures, using the Kinect sensor, in order to create a gesture library and support the gesture recognition processes afterwards.
Improved higher order motion compensation in HEVC with block-to-block translational shift compensation

Conventionally, complex motion in video sequences is approximated by smaller block units in order to be representable by a translational motion model. This approximation results in a fine block partitioning and a high prediction error, both at cost of more data rate than potentially necessary. A worthwhile data reduction has been shown to be achievable by adding a higher order motion model to the most recent video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The benefit of this additional option of inter-frame prediction is due to the more accurate motion compensation as well as the usage of larger block sizes. This paper deals with more efficient encoding of higher order motion parameters in this context. The geometrically accurate prediction of higher order motion parameters from a neighbored block needs to consider the dependency of the block-to-block parameter difference based on the spatial relation between two block centers. An algorithm is introduced for correcting the translational component and reducing the difference between the actual and the predicted motion when determining higher order parameters from neighbored blocks. Additionally, a further increase of the maximum block size up to 512×512 pixels is investigated.
Información del Capital Humano: la generación de intangibles y la responsabilidad social

[ES] Los recursos de naturaleza intangible se han convertido en los bienes mas importantes que poseen las empresas para generar riqueza de manera sostenible, en concreto el Capital Humano. Sin embargo, el exito y supervivencia de la empresa se encuentra sometida a la aprobacion de sus grupos de interes (stakeholders). Por ello, las empresas deben adoptar medidas para garantizar que sus actuaciones sean percibidas por sus stakeholders como legitimas; una manera para legitimarse es mediante el suministro de informacion voluntaria. Por tanto, bajo el marco de la Teoria de la Legitimidad y de los Stakeholders, nuestro objetivo es analizar como las empresas espanolas estan informando de manera voluntaria sobre su Capital Humano en los informes anuales, desde una doble perspectiva informativa: la generacion de intangibles (conocimiento) y la responsabilidad social. Asi, usando la metodologia del analisis de contenido, la evidencia empirica muestra que las empresas espanolas suministran escasa informacion acerca de su Capital Humano, siendo los temas relacionados con la formacion y el desarrollo de los empleados los mas divulgados. No obstante, y con respecto a la responsabilidad social, hay que destacar la tendencia alcista por parte de las empresas a suministrar informacion relativa a la politica de igualdad y diversidad, la prevencion de riesgos laborales y las relaciones entre empleadores y empleados.
Clinical performance of the Nevisense system in cutaneous melanoma detection: an international, multicentre, prospective and blinded clinical trial on efficacy and safety

Even though progress has been made, the detection of melanoma still poses a challenge. In light of this situation, the Nevisense electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) system (SciBase AB, Stockholm, Sweden) was designed and shown to have the potential to be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool for melanoma detection.
Role of GerKB in Germination and Outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens Spores

ABSTRACT Previous work indicated that Clostridium perfringens gerKA gerKC spores germinate significantly, suggesting that gerKB also has a role in C. perfringens spore germination. We now find that (i) gerKB was expressed only during sporulation, likely in the forespore; (ii) gerKB spores germinated like wild-type spores with nonnutrient germinants and with high concentrations of nutrients but more slowly with low nutrient concentrations; and (iii) gerKB spores had lower colony-forming efficiency and slower outgrowth than wild-type spores. These results suggest that GerKB plays an auxiliary role in spore germination under some conditions and is required for normal spore viability and outgrowth.
Bats go head-under-heels: the biomechanics of landing on a ceiling

SUMMARY Bats typically roost head-under-heels but they cannot hover in this position, thus, landing on a ceiling presents a biomechanical challenge. To land, a bat must perform an acrobatic flip that brings the claws of the toes in contact with the ceiling and do so gently enough as to avoid injury to its slender hindlimbs. In the present study, we sought to determine how bats land, to seek a link between landing kinematics and ceiling impact forces, and to determine whether landing strategies vary among bat species. To do this, we measured the kinematics and kinetics of landing behaviour in three species of bats as they landed on a force-measuring platform (Cynopterus brachyotis, N=3; Carollia perspicillata, N=5; Glossophaga soricina, N=5). Kinematics were similar for all bats within a species but differed among species. C. brachyotis performed four-point landings, during which body pitch increased until the ventral surface of the body faced the ceiling and the thumbs and hindlimbs simultaneously grasped the surface. Bats of the other two species performed two-point landings, whereby only the hindlimbs made contact with the ceiling. During these two-point landings, the hindlimbs were drawn up the side of the body to come in contact with the ceiling, causing simultaneous changes in body pitch, roll and yaw over the course of the landing sequence. Right-handed and left-handed forms of the two-point landing were observed, with individuals often switching back and forth between them among landing events. The four-point landing of C. brachyotis resulted in larger peak forces (3.7±2.4 body weights; median ± interquartile range) than the two-point landings of C. perspicillata (0.8±0.6 body weights) or G. soricina (0.8±0.2 body weights). Our results demonstrate that the kinematics and kinetics of landing vary among bat species and that there is a correlation between the way a bat moves its body when it lands and the magnitude of peak impact force it experiences during that landing. We postulate that these interspecific differences in impact force could result because of stronger selective pressure for gentle landing in cave-roosting (C. perspicillata, G. soricina) versus foliage-roosting (C. brachyotis) species.
Magnetically-invoked motor evoked potentials (MEPs): an assessment of the errors in measuring latencies

Magnetic stimulation is extensively used in research of the intra-cortical connections of the human brain, but there is relatively little evidence of its reliability in terms of generating repeatable Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) which are often used as a means of establishing the appropriate power output of the stimulator for an individual subject. The amplitude of cortically evoked responses has long been known to be very variable, but latency has been considered to be a reliable measure, while this measurement of latency could be subject to a number of errors; we report a total error of less than 5% of the measured latency. Although coil sizes and geometries may also affect latency, we confirm that the use of surface or needle electrodes does not appear to affect latency measurement.
Prevalence of Sexual Problems in Portugal: Results of a Population-Based Study Using a Stratified Sample of Men Aged 18 to 70 Years

Despite the use of different methodologies, target populations, and clinical definitions of sexual problems, recent epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence of sexual difficulties is a very common experience among men from the general population regardless of their age. The objective of this study was to present epidemiological data on the prevalence of sexual difficulties in a community sample of 650 sexually active Portuguese men, stratified by age, marital status, and educational level. Participants completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing sexual function in the previous four weeks (International Index of Erectile Function). Results showed that sexual difficulties were relatively common among this sample. Rapid ejaculation was the most frequently reported sexual difficulty (23.2%), followed by erectile difficulties (10.2%), orgasm problems (8.2%), and low desire (2.9%) in the previous four weeks. With the exception of rapid ejaculation, all categories showed age-specific prevalence rates, with sexual difficulties increasing gradually in men above age 45. Age was a significant predictor of all sexual difficulties except rapid ejaculation, and lower educational levels were related to orgasm difficulties. Findings are consistent with the majority of epidemiological studies indicating a high prevalence of sexual difficulties among men in the general population and highlight the importance and the need to implement sexual health promotion programs in the target population.
Broadband Black‐Phosphorus Photodetectors with High Responsivity

An array of black-phosphorus photodetectors with channel lengths down to 100 nm is fabricated, and temperature-dependent photodetection measurements from 300 K down to 20 K are carried out. The devices show high photoresponse in a broadband spectral range with a record-high photoresponsivity of 4.3 × 10(6) A W(-1) at 300 K for the 100 nm device.
Universalism versus Modernity : Parson's Societal Typology Reconsidered

L.N THE twenty years since Parsons (1951) outlined his typology of literate societies, little systematic research has been invested in it. Yet, Black (1966) saw the typology as an antidote to the over-simplification found in the modernization literature. Modernization, convergence, and social development theories stress the impact of modern industry and communication on "traditional" societies and most assert that there is a common process which moves all societies toward a common culture. ^ Hoselitz (1953) went as far as to hypothe-
The calendar as a sensor: analysis and improvement using data fusion with social networks and location

The shared online calendar is the de facto standard for event organisation and management in the modern office environment. It is also a potentially valuable source of context, provided the calendar event data represent an accurate account of 'real-world' events. However, as we show through a field study, the calendar does not represent reality well as genuine events are hidden by a multitude of reminders and 'placeholders', i.e. events that appear in the calendar but do not occur. We show that the calendar's representation of real events can be significantly improved through data fusion with other sources of context, namely social network and location data. Finally, we discuss some of the issues raised during our field study, their significance and how performance could be farther improved.
A Simple Model to Assess the Role of Dust Composition and Size on Deposition in Rotorcraft Engines

There have been several recorded mishaps of rotorcraft experiencing flame-out due to engine surge as a result of rapid accumulation of sand and dust on nozzle guide vanes. Minerals such as sodium chloride and albite have lower melting points than quartz and are found to constitute some of the loose sediment on unprepared landing sites in the Persian Gulf. Despite this, they are not found in great abundance, if at all, in many of the test dusts that are used to qualify engines operating in harsh environments. The consequence is an under-prediction of the time to failure due to vane deposit build-up. In the current work, we use a simple model to demonstrate the sensitivity of accumulation efficiency (the proportion of ingested dust that sticks) to mineral dust physico-chemical properties. We utilise the concept of thermal Stokes number to examine the relationship between time to equilibrate and residence time and how this varies as a function of constituent mineral, as well as particle size. The likelihood of impact increases with momentum Stokes number, while the likelihood of adhesion decreases with thermal Stokes number, yet the two both increase with the square of particle diameter. This leads to a peak in deposition rate at a certain particle size. However, dust mineralogy is shown to influence sticking efficiency more than impact efficiency owing to differences in melting point. Finally, we apply our simple model to estimate the mass of dust deposited during a single brownout landing of a Pave Hawk helicopter, using two different commercially-available test dusts.
Defending wormhole attack in APS DV-hop

DV-hop is one position algorithm of APS, which uses hop count to estimate the distances to the special nodes with known position. DV-hop is very cheap and convenience to the network with limited resource. But its security is not taken into account in the original design. Wormhole attack is simple and easy to implement in known types of attacks, which makes two far nodes directly communicate and in which the attacker does not need modify the packets. Lunching wormhole attack in DV-hop can cause the algorithm invalid. In this paper, wormhole attack in DV-hop is discussed, and a new scheme named DWDV, is proposed to defend wormhole attack. DWDV is simulated on positif2.0 based on OMNET++ and the experimental result show that DWDV can effectively defend wormhole attack and make more nodes get valid position.
A Fully Preemptive Multiprocessor Semaphore Protocol for Latency-Sensitive Real-Time Applications

Independence preservation, a property in real-time locking protocols that isolates latency-sensitive tasks from delays due to unrelated critical sections, is identified, formalized, and studied in detail. The key to independence preservation is to ensure that tasks remain fully preemptive at all times. For example, on uniprocessors, the classic priority inheritance protocol is independence-preserving. It is shown that, on multiprocessors, independence preservation is impossible if job migrations are disallowed. The O(m) independence-preserving protocol (OMIP), a new, asymptotically optimal binary sempahore protocol based on migratory priority inheritance, is proposed and analyzed. The OMIP is the first independence-preserving, real-time, suspension-based locking protocol for clustered job-level fixed-priority scheduling. It is shown to benefit latency-sensitive workloads, both analytically by means of schedulability experiments, and empirically using response-time measurements in LITMUSRT.