Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A G ] 3 0 Ju n 20 20 ACTION OF THE MAPPING CLASS GROUP ON CHARACTER VARIETIES AND HIGGS BUNDLES

We consider the action of a finite subgroup of the mapping class group Mod(S) of an oriented compact surface S of genus g > 2 on the moduli space R(S,G) of representations of π1(S) in a connected semisimple real Lie group G. Kerckhoff’s solution of the Nielsen realization problem ensures the existence of an element J in the Teichmüller space of S for which Γ can be realised as a subgroup of the group of automorphisms of X = (S, J) which are holomorphic or antiholomorphic. We identify the fixed points of the action of Γ on R(S,G) in terms of G-Higgs bundles on X equipped with a certain twisted Γ-equivariant structure, where the twisting involves abelian and non-abelian group cohomology simultaneously. These, in turn, correspond to certain representations of the orbifold fundamental group. When the kernel of the isotropy representation of the maximal compact subgroup of G is trivial, the fixed points can be described in terms of familiar objects on Y = X/Γ, where Γ ⊂ Γ is the maximal subgroup of Γ consisting of holomorphic automorphisms of X . If Γ = Γ one obtains actual Γ-equivariant G-Higgs bundles on X , which in turn correspond with parabolic Higgs bundles on Y = X/Γ (this generalizes work of Nasatyr & Steer for G = SL(2,R) and Boden, Andersen & Grove and Furuta & Steer for G = SU(n)). If on the other hand Γ has antiholomorphic automorphisms, the objects on Y = X/Γ correspond with pseudoreal parabolic Higgs bundles. This is a generalization in the parabolic setup of the pseudoreal Higgs bundles studied by the first author in collaboration with Biswas & Hurtubise.
Exporters and Shocks : Dissecting the International Elasticity Puzzle ∗

Aggregate exports are not very responsive to real exchange rates, though they respond strongly to trade liberalizations, a fact sometimes referred to as the International Elasticity Puzzle. We use micro data on firms and exports for Ireland to dissect the puzzle. Our identification strategy uses within-firm-year cross-market variation in real exchange rates and tariffs to identify the responses of export participation, export revenue and the product dimension of exporting to these variables. We show that (i) the weak response of export revenue of long-time market participants to real exchange rates is key to the behavior of aggregate exports, (ii) export participation also responds less to real exchange rates than to tariffs, but this alone cannot explain the puzzle; and (iii) the revenue response of long-time market participants cannot be accounted for by product entry responses. Hence any model that can successfully account for the puzzle needs to match the intensive margin responses of exporting firms. ∗The views expressed here are those of the authors and not those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis or the Federal Reserve System. This work makes use of data from the Central Statistics Office, Ireland, which is CSO copyright. The possibility for controlled access to confidential micro data sets on the premises of the CSO is provided for in the Statistics Act 1993. The use of CSO data in this work does not imply the endorsement of the CSO in relation to the interpretation or analysis of the data. This work uses research datasets which may not exactly reproduce statistical aggregates published by the CSO. We thank the staff of the CSO for making this project possible. Expert research assistance was provided by Jackie Chan and Adrian Corcoran. Doireann Fitzgerald is grateful for financial support from the NSF under grant number 0647850. Stefanie Haller is grateful for financial support from the IRC under the grant titled “Exporters and Shocks. ” We are grateful for comments and suggestions from Costas Arkolakis, Ina Jäkel, Richard Rogerson, Kim Ruhl and Jim Tybout. †Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 90 Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis MN 55401, doireann.fitzgerald@gmail.com ‡Department of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland, stefanie.haller@ucd.ie
Strategic Alliances and Sustainable Coffee Production : the shaded system of Baturite , State of Ceara , Brazil

The study aims to assess the entry of coffee producers into the specialty coffee segment that is differentiated by social and environmental attributes. It shows the experience of shaded coffee growers participating in the Projeto Café Ecológico, placed in the Baturité Mountains Environmental Protection Area, an Atlantic Forest region in Ceará State, Brazil. Emphasis is placed on horizontal and vertical strategic alliances among actors involved in the production, processing and distribution of ecological coffee. It highlights the articulation between government and NGOs, under both contractual and institutional approaches.
Polar Codes for $q$-Ary Channels, $q=2^{r}$

We study polarization for nonbinary channels with input alphabet of size q=2r, r=2,3,. Using Arikan's polarizing kernel H2, we prove that the virtual channels that arise in the process of channel evolution converge to q-ary channels with capacity 0,1,2,. , r bits. As a result of this analysis, we show that polar codes support reliable transmission over discrete memoryless channels with q-ary input for all rates below the symmetric capacity of the channel. This leads to an explicit transmission scheme for q-ary channels. The block error probability of decoding using successive cancellation behaves as exp(-Nα), where N is the code length and α is any constant less than 0.5.
Chemoattractants and Chemorepellents Act by Inducing opposite Polarity in Phospholipase C and Pi3-kinase Signaling Introduction

(2007). Chemoattractants and chemorepellents act by inducing opposite polarity in phospholipase C and PI3-kinase signaling. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
Precipitation pattern in the Baltic countries under the influence of large‐scale atmospheric circulation and local landscape factors

The main objectives of the study are to analyse the mean precipitation pattern in the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and the influence of local landscape factors on it, to derive a regionalization, i.e. select regions having coherent fluctuations in precipitation, and to analyse relationships between precipitation and characteristics of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation. Monthly precipitation data from 123 stations in the Baltic countries from 1966 to 2005 are analysed in relation to 52 landscape variables and 13 circulation variables. The landscape variables characterize landscape around the meteorological stations: land cover, land surface elevation, distance from the sea coast, the proportion of water bodies and of forested area. Circulation is described using several circulation indices and frequencies of the main circulation types according to the Vangengeim‐Girs and the Grosswetterlagen classifications. Maps depicting the mean annual and seasonal precipitation are created and analysed in the aspect of spatial and temporal autocorrelation. The Baltic Sea proved to be the main factor determining precipitation pattern in the study region. The presence of different precipitation zones parallel to the coastline is typical for the windward lowland region, whereas the belt of maximum precipitation is located at 10–60 km from the coast. Surface elevation is the second important factor causing higher precipitation on uplands. Rotated principal component analysis enabled to compose a regionalization of precipitation pattern in the Baltic countries. Four main precipitation regions having coherent fluctuations (south‐western, south‐eastern, north‐eastern and north‐western) are defined. Correlations between the variables of atmospheric circulation and precipitation are analysed. The intensity of westerlies is significantly positively correlated with the amount of winter precipitation, especially in the belt of maximum precipitation located at a moderate distance from the sea. Precipitation in the Baltic countries is less related to the meridional circulation types. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Spatio-temporal prediction for West African monsoon

In this paper, we propose a new approach for modeling and fitting high-dimensional response regression models in the setting of complex spatio-temporal dynamics. This study is motivated by investigating one of the major atmospheric phenomena which drives the rainfall regime in Western Africa~: West African Monsoon. We are particularly interested in studying the influence of sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea on precipitation in Saharan and sub-Saharan.
Mindfulness and Stress: A Quantitative Study of Therapist Trainee

The current study explores the levels of mindfulness and perceived stress of therapist trainees at the University of Montana. The population for this study was 80 master’s students in social work and counseling programs. A Pearson r correlation was conducted to explore the relationships between age, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, Life Stress Inventory (LSI) scores, and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) scores. There was a medium positive correlation between age and the observed subscale of the FFMQ (.32). There was a large negative correlation between the PSS and the Nonreact subscale of the FFMQ (-.51). There was a large negative correlation between the levels of perceived stress and one facet of mindfulness, non-reacting, r = -. 51, n = 58, p = . 00, with high levels of non-reacting mindfulness associated with lower levels of perceived stress. Therapist training programs might consider adding mindfulness practice to the curriculum, both in the sense of self-care for students and in how they might utilize mindfulness practices with clients. Further exploration might be done regarding the other facets of mindfulness and how each facet might be addressed through different activities or practices.
Physical and numerical model studies for lower and upper nappe profiles of sharp-edged large orifice

Abstract Large orifices are generally used in the dam to pass the surplus water from upstream to downstream as well as for flushing of sediments from the reservoirs. The structure with large orifice in a dam is known as orifice spillway. Literature available on the profiles of orifice spillway is scanty. Several attempts have been made to study coefficient of discharge and flow upstream of orifices. On the contrary, little efforts have been made to study the lower as well as upper nappe profiles of jet through large orifices. The studies of profiles may be useful for deriving an equation for design of the roof and bottom profiles of an orifice spillway. Hence, basic research has been conducted to examine the lower and the upper profiles of a sharp-edged large orifice. Number of physical and numerical model studies were conducted for various orifice heights and operating heads. The numerical model was verified in terms of grid convergence and selection of turbulence models. The experimental data were used to validate the numerical model results. The grid size of 0.004 m and RNG k–ε turbulence model is found to be suitable in predicting flow through sharp-edged large orifice in respect of coefficient of discharge as well as upper and lower nappe profiles. The present study confirms the coefficient of discharge of large orifice available in literature. The results of present study indicate that the lower nappe water surface profile obtained may be useful for determining the bottom profile of orifice spillway. However, results in respect of upper nappe profile indicated the importance of solid spillway bottom profile in determining the roof profile of an orifice spillway.
Did an Open Panama Isthmus Correspond to an Invasion of Pacific Water into the Atlantic

Abstract Recent general circulation simulations suggest that, prior to the closure of the Panama Isthmus (the narrow strip of land connecting North and South America), low-salinity Pacific Ocean water invaded the Atlantic Ocean via the gap between North and South America. According to this scenario, the invasion decreased the Atlantic Ocean salinity to the point at which North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation was impossible and, consequently, there was probably no “conveyer belt. ” In line with this scenario, it has been suggested that the closure of the isthmus led to an increased salinity in the Atlantic that, in turn, led to the present-day NADW formation and the familiar meridional overturning cell (MOC). Using simple dynamical principles, analytical modeling, process-oriented numerical experiments, and modern-day wind stress, it is shown that, in the absence of NADW formation, one would expect a westward flow from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean through an open Panama Isthmus. This contradicts t.
Soluble Mass, Hygroscopic Growth, and Droplet Activation of Coated Soot Particles during LACIS Experiment in November (LExNo)

The LACIS Experiment in November (LExNo) campaign was conducted in November 2005 at the Atmospheric Composition Change the European Network of Excellence (ACCENT) site Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS). The goal of LExNo was to provide deeper insight into the activation properties of coated soot particles imitating aged combustion aerosol particles. The aerosols were prepared by starting with spark-generated soot particles. In some experiments the soot particles were compacted by exposure to propanol vapor; in others this step was bypassed. The soot was thermally coated with ammonium sulfate, levoglucosan, or a mixture of both ammonium sulfate and levoglucosan. The synthesized particles were investigated using aerosol mass spectrometry, a Hygroscopicity Tandem differential mobility analyzer, two Wyoming static diffusion cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) instruments, a Droplet Measurement Technologies continuous flow CCN instrument, and LACIS. A close correlation between the hygroscopic growth factor at 98% relative humidity and the critical supersaturation of CCN activation was observed. Closure between hygroscopic growth, CCN activation, and chemical composition of the investigated particles was achieved with two different single-parameter Kohler model approaches and with a third approach, a standard Kohler model using as input parameter the soluble mass as determined by aerosol mass spectrometry. (Less)
Formation and spreading of subtropical mode water in the North Pacific

A time-averaged description of the formation and spreading of North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) is presented. The formation of NPSTMW is studied using TRANSPAC expendable bathythermograph data. The data are transformed into a stream coordinate system and averaged. The coordinate system uses the position of the Kuroshio front as its origin. Maps are presented of the temperature structure and mixed layer distribution in winter relative to the Kuroshio front. The formation of NPSTMW occurs in two separate stages, cooling and thickening. As water flows at the surface in the Kuroshio in winter, the water is cooled by the intense ocean-atmosphere heat flux taking place in the area. When water leaves the Kuroshio to the south, the thermocline underneath becomes deeper, convection is able to penetrate deep into the water column, and the heat flux acts more to thicken the surface mixed layer rather than reduce the temperature. The area south of the Kuroshio, where relatively homogeneous waters are found, is the source region for NPSTMW. At the end of the winter the thick mixed layers are assumed to be covered over by a seasonal thermocline and become NPSTMW. The Levitus (1982) data are used to study the way in which NPSTMW is spread away from its source region by the subtropical circulation. The distribution of potential vorticity (PV) on four NPSTMW isopycnals is studied, with low PV used as a tracer for NPSTMW. The PV reveals a pattern of “differential spreading,” whereby NPSTMW formed in the western part of the source region is advected to the west after its formation. NPSTMW formed farther east is advected more to the south or east after formation. Differential spreading allows NPSTMW to be found in a large part of the northwestern subtropical gyre, well away from its source region. The distribution of NPSTMW described by Masuzawa (1969), with NPSTMW getting colder from west to east, is explained as a combination of the distribution of NPSTMW at its source and the way it is spread after it is formed.
CREEP CLOSURE OF A SPHERICAL CAVITY IN AN INFINITE MEDIUM (WITH SPECIAL APPLICATION TO PROJECT DRIBBLE, TATUM SALT DOME, MISSISSIPPI)

The results of triaxial compression tests and creep tests on cores from Tatum Dome are used to assess the probable behavior of the cavity to be excavated at a depth of 2000 ft at Tatum Dome. A theory of closure of a spherical cavity in an infinite medium is developed, and a computer program for solving the equations is described. Typical results are presented which illustrate the rate of closure and stress distribution pattern at various times for the Tatum Dome cavity. (D.L.C.)
Methodologies for the study of organizational behavior processes: How to find your keys in the dark

Summary The field of organizational behavior is very much concerned with process—the temporal sequence by which conditions, events, and states unfold. Such processes are implied in tests of mediation and more complex causal chains. The popular approach of analyzing data from cross-sectional designs with complex statistics is not particularly helpful in understanding process. The optimal way to investigate process involves the proper use of a combination of qualitative and quantitative, experimental and nonexperimental methods that allow us to assess variables in a temporal sequence with appropriate lags informed by how long it takes for one step to lead to the next. Two general approaches are possible: take observations before and after each step in a process to show how a variable changes from before to after an event, or continuously monitor a variable to see how it changes as events occur. A variety of nonexperimental approaches can be used including content analysis of archival materials, direct observation, panel designs, retrospective event histories, and sequence analysis. With the quantitative approach, daily diary and experience sampling approaches can be particularly useful in studying processes that occur within-person. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approximate solution to the flow field on vegetated intertidal platforms: Applicability and limitations

Tidal wetland evolution is governed by interactions between topography, vegetation, and the flow field. Aiming to provide an appropriate hydrodynamic tool within a long‐term geomorphic model of vegetated wetlands, we describe an approximate procedure to model the depth‐averaged flow field on vegetated intertidal platforms. The procedure is tested by a qualitative comparison with laboratory experiments and quantitatively comparing with a numerical model, focusing on the influence of spatial variations in friction on the flow field. Overall, satisfactory comparisons are obtained. Nevertheless, some limitations of the approach are apparent. These are discussed in the light of the model assumptions. We analyze the impact of the observed limitations on the ability of the approximate solution to describe the morphodynamic evolution of the bed elevation. This is performed by evaluating the changes in the bed elevation after one tidal cycle on the intertidal platform based on flow velocities obtained with a numerical model and those of the simplified procedure. It is found that the bed evolution on the platform is reasonably described with the approximate solution, even though the accumulation of sediment is underestimated near the watershed divide by the approximate model. Taking into account the computationally economic character of the approximate procedure, the analysis indicates that the model provides a suitable tool to investigate the long‐term morphodynamic evolution of tidal wetlands.
A switched opamp comparator to improve the conversion rate of low-power low-voltage successive approximation adcs

The continued drive toward technology scaling in VLSI design has provided greater integration levels in silicon chips. Thanks to the reduction in minimum feature size and the corresponding decrease in power supply voltage, digital circuits have benefited from savings in area and power consumption. This approach presents a number of challenges in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) analog circuit design. As the gate oxide of transistors becomes thinner and power consumption increases, a lower supply voltage must be used, even though it results in performance degradation of analog circuits. This must be done in order to avoid silicon punchthrough. In applications requiring low power consumption and moderate conversion speed, one of the most frequently used analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architectures is the successive approximation. As data converters are mixed-signal circuits, containing both analog and digital circuits, they suffer from the same problems just described. This thesis presents the design of a low-voltage successive approximation ADC based on a Switched Opamp comparator. The proposed comparator architecture provides high-resolution and low-power consumption without compromising speed. The results obtained from extensive simulations have validated the design of the ADC prototype, showing comparable performance to those found in recent publications, while achieving a higher conversion speed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW B 103, 014119 (2021) Structural phase transitions in the geometric ferroelectric LaTaO4

Grant W. Howieson ,1 Karuna K. Mishra,2 Alexandra S. Gibbs ,3 Ram S. Katiyar,2 James F. Scott,1,4 Finlay D. Morrison ,1,* and Michael Carpenter5,* 1EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom 2Department of Physics and Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00931-3334, USA 3ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom 4SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom 5Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
Meteorological detection with GNSS technology and its application

Meteorological detection with GNSS is a brand-new direction of research with great potential. In this paper,the basic conceptions of GNSS were introduced. Its basic theory and application to weather prediction,global climate and environment monitoring,upper air observation and space weather forewarning was discussed in detail. Finally,some existing problems were pointed out.