Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analytic Goodput Model for TCP Incast

TCP In cast good put collapse, as a practical problem found in cluster-based storage networks and data center networks, attracts increasing attentions recently. This paper proposes a simple good put model of TCP In cast. Compared with previous In cast model, this model has three different properties. First, the TCP slow start process is considered as an essential part rather than a negligible one, since the request sizes are commonly small and most of the transmissions are accomplished in this process. Second, it exploits a simple logic of determining timeout to account for the cumulative effect of increasing packet losses, reflecting almost all the change points of the good put curves. Finally, the correctness of the model is validated through experimental results instead of simulations.
LPLUNC1 modulates innate immune responses to Vibrio cholerae.

BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrate that long palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 protein (LPLUNC1) is involved in immune responses to Vibrio cholerae, and that variations in the LPLUNC1 promoter influence susceptibility to severe cholera in humans. However, no functional role for LPLUNC1 has been identified. METHODS We investigated the role of LPLUNC1 in immune responses to V. cholerae, assessing its affect on bacterial growth and killing and on innate inflammatory responses to bacterial outer membrane components, including purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and outer membrane vesicles. We performed immunostaining for LPLUNC1 in duodenal biopsies from cholera patients and uninfected controls. RESULTS LPLUNC1 decreased proinflammatory innate immune responses to V. cholerae and Escherichia coli LPS. The effect of LPLUNC1 was dose-dependent and occurred in a TLR4-dependent manner. LPLUNC1 did not affect lipoprotein-mediated TLR2 activation. Immunostaining demonstrated expression of LPLUNC1 in Paneth cells in cholera patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that LPLUNC1 is expressed in Paneth cells and likely plays a role in modulating host inflammatory responses to V. cholerae infection. Attenuation of innate immune responses to LPS by LPLUNC1 may have implications for the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the intestine.
Barriers against required nurse estimation models applying in Iran hospitals from health system experts’ point of view

Introduction One of the strategies for accessing effective nursing care is to design and implement a nursing estimation model. The purpose of this research was to determine barriers in applying models or norms for estimating the size of a hospital’s nursing team. Methods This study was conducted from November 2015 to March 2016 among three levels of managers at the Ministry of Health, medical universities, and hospitals in Iran. We carried out a qualitative study using a Colaizzi method. We used semistructured and in-depth interviews by purposive, quota, and snowball sampling of 32 participants (10 informed experts in the area of policymaking in human resources in the Ministry of Health, 10 decision makers in employment and distribution of human resources in treatment and administrative chancellors of Medical Universities, and 12 nursing managers in hospitals). The data were analyzed by Atlas.ti software version 6.0. 15. Results The following 14 subthemes emerged from data analysis: Lack of specific steward, weakness in attracting stakeholder contributions, lack of authorities trust to the models, lack of mutual interests between stakeholders, shortage of nurses, financial deficit, non-native models, designing models by people unfamiliar with nursing process, lack of attention to the nature of work in each ward, lack of attention to hospital classification, lack of transparency in defining models, reduced nurses available time, increased indirect activity of nurses, and outdated norms. The main themes were inappropriate planning and policymaking in high levels, resource constraints, and poor design of models and lack of updating the model. Conclusion The results of present study indicate that many barriers exist in applying models for estimating the size of a hospital’s nursing team. Therefore, for designing an appropriate nursing staff estimation model and implementing it, in addition to considering the present barriers, identifying the norm required features may positively impact on norm acceptance and implementation.
Using Experimental Auctions for Marketing Applications: A Discussion

The present article discusses general issues associated with experimental auctions and their relative advantages and disadvantages over other marketing research techniques. Experimental auctions create an active market environment with feedback where subjects exchange real goods and real money, which is not generally the case with other methods. The article also discusses four experimental design issues associated with experimental auctions: auction mechanism, market feedback and bidder affiliation, demand reduction and wealth effects, and multiple attribute valuation. Each of these experimental design issues, if not properly controlled, have the potential to create serious flaws in marketing recommendations.
Small Ball Asymptotics for the Stochastic Wave Equation ∗

We examine the small ball asymptotics for the weak solution X of the stochastic wave equation ∂X ∂t (t, x)− ∂ X ∂x (t, x) = g(X(t, x)) + f(t, x)dW (t, x) on the real line with deterministic initial conditions.
Le ruban de Möbius comme représentation d ’ un idéal non principal

Sur votre bande de papier calque, de forme rectangulaire assez allongée, tracez une droite parallèle aux deux grands côtés et équidistante d’iceux ; en chaque point de cette droite pensez à, ou tracez, un segment perpendiculaire, que vous imaginerez de longueur infinie. Collez les petits côtés du rectangle, aprés avoir effectué le demi-tour fatidique. La droite tracée devient un cercle. Cette chose, la bande de Möbius, devrait vous faire penser à une famille de droites paramétrée par le cercle, famille radicalement différente de celle fournie par un cylindre. et pourtant il suffit de les couper, i.e. d’enlever à chacune de ces surfaces une droite verticale pour qu’elles deviennent évidemment isomorphes.
Tongue Image Extraction Technique from Face and Its Application in Public Use System (Banking)

The human tongue promises to deliver a level of uniqueness to identification applications that other biometrics cannot match in context of that it is well protected in mouth and is difficult to forge. the tongue also presents both geometric shape information and physiological texture information which are potentially useful in identity verification applications like banking system, airport security, workstations, network and domain access, data protection, national security system (such as defence, nuclear power station etc). A leading concern in the development of such applications however is how to avoid rejecting valid users or approving imposters. Tongue biometric can function as an extremely reliable means for personal identification and act as a general biometric in all applications. This paper demonstrate how Tongue image can be extracted from face image using ASM and how tongue biometric can be use in public use banking system using tongue database.
Trend-sensitive hough forests for action detection

A Hough transform-based method for action detection can achieve robustness to occlusions because the method casts votes for action classes and spatio-temporal action positions based on the visible local features of partially occluded actions. However, each local feature is prone to a false vote. This paper focuses on the trend of past votes to curb the influence of false votes by extending conventional Hough forests to sensing that trend. Our proposed method, called trendsensitive Hough forests, learns a voting trend model that can be used to discriminate between correct and false votes and calculate the confidence of them. We experimentally confirmed that it outperformed action detection accuracy of conventional Hough forests.
Central Binomial Sums, Multiple Clausen Values, and Zeta Values

We find and prove relationships between Riemann zeta values and central binomial sums. We also investigate alternating binomial sums (also called Apéry sums). The study of nonalternating sums leads to an investigation of different types of sums which we call multiple Clausen values. The study of alternating sums leads to a tower of experi mental resuIts involving polylogarithms in the golden ratio.
An axisymmetric view of concentric eyewall evolution in Hurricane Rita (2005)

AbstractMultiplatform observations of Hurricane Rita (2005) were collected as part of the Hurricane Rainband and Intensity Change Experiment (RAINEX) field campaign during a concentric eyewall stage of the storm’s life cycle that occurred during 21–22 September. Satellite, aircraft, dropwindsonde, and Doppler radar data are used here to examine the symmetric evolution of the hurricane as it underwent eyewall replacement.During the approximately 1-day observation period, developing convection associated with the secondary eyewall became more symmetric and contracted inward. Latent heating in the emergent secondary eyewall led to the development of a distinct toroidal (overturning) circulation with inertially constrained radial inflow above the boundary layer and compensating subsidence in the moat region, properties that are consistent broadly with the balanced vortex response to an imposed ring of diabatic heating outside the primary eyewall. The primary eyewall’s convection became more asymmetric during .
Limited patient adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection in an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for human immunodeficiency syndrome type 1 (HIV-1) infection is essential to sustain viral suppression and prevent drug resistance. We investigated adherence to HAART among patients in a clinical cohort study. METHODS Patients receiving HAART had their plasma concentrations of protease inhibitors or nevirapine measured and completed a questionnaire on adherence. We determined the percentage of patients who reported taking all antiretroviral medication on time and according to dietary instructions in the past week. Drug exposure was compared between patients reporting deviation from their regimen and fully adherent patients. Among patients who received HAART for at least 24 weeks, we assessed the association between adherence and virologic outcome. RESULTS A total of 224 of 261 eligible patients completed a questionnaire. Forty-seven percent reported taking all antiretroviral medication on time and according to dietary instructions. Patients who reported deviation from their regimen showed lower drug exposure compared with fully adherent patients (median concentration ratio, 0.81 vs 1.07; P =.001). Among those receiving HAART for at least 24 weeks, patients reporting deviation from their regimen were less likely to have plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 500 copies/mL (adjusted odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-11.6) compared with fully adherent patients. CONCLUSIONS Only half of the patients took all antiretroviral medication in accordance with time and dietary instructions in the preceding week. Deviation from the antiretroviral regimen was associated with decreased drug exposure and a decreased likelihood of having suppressed plasma HIV-1 RNA loads. Patient adherence should remain a prime concern in the management of HIV-1 infection.
“INTRA-RACIAL DYNAMICS OF BLACK FACULTY AND BLACK STUDENTS: BARRIERS TO SUCCESS IN THE ACADEMY IN PREDOMINANTLY WHITE INSTITUTIONS”

Intra-racial Black faculty and Black students’ communication at predominantly White institutions poses an additional challenge and source of stress for Black faculty. The view of their role vis-a-vis Black students is at odds with students’ perceptions of Black faculty identity and the Black faculty role impeding Black faculty’s effectiveness as mentors. Black faculty need to address this disconnect in order to increase the academic success of Black students, to decrease Black faculty’s sense of isolation, and to support the interests of their institutions in their attempts to increase Black student retention and multicultural transformation of the academy.
Preferences for Modes, Residential Location and Travel Behaviour

Nowadays almost all researchers focusing on the impact of land use on travel behaviour examine personal and household variables such as income, age and household type. Still, within ‘homogeneous’ groups there may be preferences for travel modes (especially car or public transport), and these may have an impact on the influence of land use on travel behaviour − a subject for which available literature is scarce. This paper represents then an endeavour to relay results of empirical research on this matter and also attempts to answer the following questions: 1. Are there preferences for modes? 2. Is there a relationship between preferences and neighbourhood characteristics? 3. Have preferences for modes played a role in residential choices of households? 4. Do preferences for modes add explanatory power to models for travel behaviour that include personal and household characteristics, and land-use variables? Results obtained reveal positive answers to all four questions; but this then confronts us with the following question: Do land-use policies then make no sense? Yes, in our opinion, these policies certainly do make sense, in the least because they allow people who prefer certain modes to live in an area that meets their preferences. However, this does not mean that land-use alternatives leading to the lowest car use levels should always be recommended. Rather, what is needed is a broad evaluation of all the pros and cons of these alternatives.
Locally localized gravity

We study the fluctuation spectrum of linearized gravity around non-fine-tuned branes. We focus on the case of an AdS4 brane in AdS§. In this case, for small cosmological constant, the warp factor near the brane is essentially that of a Minkowski brane. However, far from the brane, the metric differs substantially. The space includes the AdSs boundary, so it has infinite volume. Nonetheless, for sufficiently small AdS4 cosmological constant, there is a bound state graviton in the theory, and four-dimensional gravity is reproduced. However, it is a massive bound state that plays the role of the four-dimensional graviton.
Social Network Theory and Educational Change.

"Social Network Theory and Educational Change" offers a provocative and fascinating exploration of how social networks in schools can impede or facilitate the work of education reform. Drawing on the work of leading scholars, the book comprises a series of studies examining networks among teachers and school leaders, contrasting formal and informal organizational structures, and exploring the mechanisms by which ideas, information, and influence flow from person to person and group to group. The case studies provided in the book reflect a rich variety of approaches and methodologies, showcasing the range and power of this dynamic new mode of analysis. An introductory chapter places social network theory in context and explains the basic tools and concepts, while a concluding chapter points toward new directions in the field. Taken together, they make a powerful statement: that the success or failure of education reform ultimately is not solely the result of technical plans and blueprints, but of the relational ties that support or constrain the pace, depth, and direction of change. This unique volume provides an invaluable introduction to an emerging and increasingly important field of education research.
A Study on Relationships among Accounting Transparency, Accounting Information Transparency, and XBRL

In response to successive accounting frauds such as Enron scandal, corporate accounting transparency has been at issue all over the world. After the United States and many European countries introduced XBRL that has been developed as a tool to improve accounting transparency, XBRL is being used as a standard of financial reporting worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to present how XBRL affects corporate accounting transparency. We investigated the meaning of accounting transparency and indices to measure it. We also presented the factors for measuring accounting information transparency, and established a research model and hypotheses to analyze the relationships among accounting transparency, accounting information transparency and XBRL. Last, we carried out confirmatory factor analysis to verify the research model and analyzed the research hypotheses through LISREL.
Continuous Improvements of a Clinical Pathway Increased Its Feasibility and Improved Care Providers' Perception in TKA

Purpose We aimed to determine 1) whether dropout rate decreased and 2) whether health care providers' perceptions were changed with continued improvements of contents of clinical pathway (CP) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included two separate analyses of patients and health care providers. In the analysis of patients, dropout rates and reasons were evaluated in two cohorts of patients who underwent TKA with CP applied at two different time periods (384 patients from 2009 to 2010 and 242 patients from 2012 to 2013). Contents of CP were continuously improved during the 3-year interval. Self-administered questionnaire surveys targeted to health care providers were carried out twice (2010 and 2013) and compared. Results Dropout rate decreased from 19.1% in the first time period to 10.4% in the second time period. Although overall satisfaction of care providers was high at both time-points, doctors had more favorable perceptions than nurses; most positive changes of perception were noted in nurses. The health care providers' perceptions for potential concerns of CP were improved while the perceptions for potential benefits and satisfaction were maintained. Conclusions Continuously improved CP has increased feasibility for TKA patients and reduced health care providers' concern about its value. We propose that CP can be implemented and actively used to improve the outcomes and efficacy of patient care for TKA, regardless of the rotation of care providers.
Voting conditional random fields for multi-label image classification

In our real world, there usually exist several different objects in one image, which brings intractable challenges to the traditional pattern recognition methods to classify the images. In this paper, we introduce a Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) model to deal with the Multi-label Image Classification problem. Considering the correlations of the objects, a second-order CRFs is constructed to capture the semantic associations between labels. Different initial feature weights are set to introduce the voting techniques for a better performance. We evaluate our methods on MSRC dataset and demonstrate high precision, recall and F1 measure, showing that our method is competitive.
Cortical Activation during Spoken-Word Segmentation in Nonreading-Impaired and Dyslexic Adults

We used magnetoencephalography to elucidate the cortical activation associated with the segmentation of spoken words in nonreading-impaired and dyslexic adults. The subjects listened to binaurally presented sentences where the sentence-ending words were either semantically appropriate or inappropriate to the preceding sentence context. Half of the inappropriate final words shared two or three initial phonemes with the highly expected semantically appropriate words. Two temporally and functionally distinct response patterns were detected in the superior temporal lobe. The first response peaked at ∼100 msec in the supratemporal plane and showed no sensitivity to the semantic appropriateness of the final word. This presemantic N100m response was abnormally strong in the left hemisphere of dyslexic individuals. After the N100m response, the semantically inappropriate sentence-ending words evoked stronger activation than the expected endings in the superior temporal cortex in the vicinity of the auditory cortex. This N400m response was delayed for words starting with the same two or three first few phonemes as the expected words but only until the first evidence of acoustic–phonetic dissimilarity emerged. This subtle delay supports the notion of initial lexical access being based on phonemes or acoustic features. In dyslexic participants, this qualitative aspect of word processing appeared to be normal. However, for all words alike, the ascending slope of the semantic activation in the left hemisphere was delayed by ∼50 msec as compared with control subjects. The delay in the auditory N400m response in dyslexic subjects is likely to result from presemantic–phonological deficits possibly reflected in the abnormal N100m response.
MAC performance analysis of IEEE 802.15.4 protocol with BCH coding

The subject of this paper includes the effect of MAC performance analysis for IEEE 802.15. 4 protocol with BCH coding. To analyse the performance, data transmissions are made for different communication environments with different scenarious using BCH coding. Performance results are observed as changing values on MAC parameters. These parameters are composed of average transmission time, transmitted data amount and packet loss.
Acceleration enhancement factor for damped systems subject to the discrete Proximate Time-Optimal Servomechanism

This paper presents an extension of the Proximate Time-Optimal Servomechanism (PTOS) to deal with damped systems. The traditionally called acceleration discount factor is replaced with an acceleration enhancement factor that allows the controller to be more aggressive in the presence of friction. The stability of the closed-loop system is assessed by casting the PTOS nonlinearities in a sector-bounded framework, leading to a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) conditions to be satisfied by the controller parameters. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of Parallel Robots With Elastic Cables: Singular Perturbation Approach

In this paper, control of fully-constrained parallel cable robots with elastic cables is studied in detail. In the modeling process, longitudinal vibration of cables is considered as their dominant dynamics, and the governing equations of motion are rewritten to the standard form of singular perturbation. The proposed composite controller consists of two main components. A rigid controller is designed based on the slow or rigid model of the system and a corrective term is added to guarantee asymptotic stability of the fast dynamics. Then, by using Tikhonov theorem, slow and fast variables are separated and incorporated into the stability analysis of the overall closed-loop system, and a set of sufficient conditions for the stability of the total system is derived. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control law is verified through simulations.
A multi‐attribute approach to understanding image of a theme park

This study investigates the image of a theme park by determining the relative importance of factors tourists rely on in their evaluations of a theme park and their assessments of that theme park in satisfying these motives. The analytical framework of the importance‐ performance technique is used in analyzing the data. The SantaPark in Rovaniemi, Finland serves as the study setting. Study results and their implications are discussed.