Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pepcy Practical Guidelines (extended)

TITLE: Optimising extraction and HPLC analysis of peptides cyanobacterial strains 1. PURPOSE The goal of the tailoring procedures is to allow the quantification of peptides in cyanobacterial strains, especially in culture experiments. The following guideline is neither applicable directly to field samples since the peptide composition would be different, nor to preparative procedures since in that case uantification is less important. Results obtained for a particular strain, however, will be a good starting point for others. Without a gravimetric standard only a relative changes in peptide content of a strain can be measured. 2. INTRODUCTION Cyanobacterial peptides are structurally very diverse and this diversity is also reflected in their behavior when extracted and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When an individual strain is studied with respect to the peptide production, an analytical method likely has to be optimised. This requires evaluation of whether any peptide of interest is extracted efficiently and the HPLC-programm has to be optimized to avoid biases due to sub-optimal separation. With the following guideline it should be possible to develop a HPLC-method specifically optimised for the strain and the peptides under study. If the work is done in a cooperative project the exchange of information and experiences, including the failures, is crucial for the success and can save a lot of time to all partners. At the end of the procedure a HPLC method should stand that has been tested with appropriate statistics for its efficiency and repeatability to meet the standards for publication in peer-reviewed journals. 3. REQUIREMENTS-HPLC system equipped with a solvent delivery system allowing gradient elution and a photo-diode array detector (PDA)-analytical reversed phase C18 column (recommended), other columns successfully used for peptide analysis are also applicable-autosampler; not strictly required, but very helpful to reach the necessary number of replicate runs for appropriate statistics-SpedVac or similar device for the fast and simultaneous drying of samples and extracts-Ultrasonic bath for the extraction of cell material-centrifuge-cell material of the strain(s) of interest-reaction tubes-membrane or glass fiber filters (when respective sampling is desired)
Visual-dimension interact system (VIS): exhibiting creative process for museum visitor experience

We describe a mixed reality-supported interactive viewing enhancement museum display system. With a transparent interactive interface, the museum visitor is able to see, manipulate, and interact with the physical exhibit and its virtual information, which are overlapped on one other. Furthermore, this system provides the possibility for the visitor to experience the creation process in an environment as close as possible to the real process. This has the function of assisting the viewer in understanding the exhibit and most importantly, gaining a so-to-speak hands-on experience of the creation process itself leading to a deeper understanding of it.
S 1 P differentially regulates migration of human ovarian cancer and human ovarian surface epithelial cells

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) arises from the epithelial layer covering the surface of ovaries and i.p. metastasis is commonly observed at diagnosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid signaling molecule, is potentially involved in EOC tumorigenesis. We have found that S1P is elevated in human EOC ascites. We show that physiologically relevant concentrations of S1P stimulate migration and invasion of EOC cells but inhibit migration of human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells. In addition, S1P inhibits lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)–induced cell migration in HOSE but not in EOC cells. We have provided the first line of evidence that the expression levels of S1P receptor subtypes are not the only determinants for how cells respond to S1P. Although S1P1 is expressed and functional in HOSE cells, the inhibitory effect mediated by S1P2 is dominant in those cells. The cellular preexisting stress fibers are also important determinants for the migratory response to S1P. Differential S1P-induced morphology changes are noted in EOC and HOSE cells. Preexisting stress fibers in HOSE cells are further enhanced by S1P treatment, resulting in the negative migratory response to S1P. By contrast, EOC cells lost stress fibers and S1P treatment induces filopodium-like structures at cell edges, which correlates with increased cell motility. In addition, inhibition of the protein kinase C pathway is likely to be involved in the inhibitory effect of S1P on LPA-induced cell migration in HOSE cells. These findings are important for the development of new therapeutics targeting S1P and LPA in EOC. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(7):1993–2002]
Self-organized UAV traffic in realistic environments

We investigated different dense multirotor UAV traffic simulation scenarios in open 2D and 3D space, under realistic environments with the presence of sensor noise, communication delay, limited communication range, limited sensor update rate and finite inertia. We implemented two fundamental self-organized algorithms: one with constant direction and one with constant velocity preference to reach a desired target. We performed evolutionary optimization on both algorithms in five basic traffic scenarios and tested the optimized algorithms under different vehicle densities. We provide optimal algorithm and parameter selection criteria and compare the maximal flux and collision risk of each solution and situation. We found that i) different scenarios and densities require different algorithmic approaches, i.e., UAVs have to behave differently in sparse and dense environments or when they have common or different targets; ii) a slower-is-faster effect is implicitly present in our models, i.e., the maximal flux is achieved at densities where the average speed is far from maximal; iii) communication delay is the most severe destabilizing environmental condition that has a fundamental effect on performance and needs to be taken into account when designing algorithms to be used in real life.
An exploration of the lesbian label among health and kinesiology department academicians

An Exploration of the Lesbian Label Among Health and Kinesiology Department Academicians. (August 2007) Melanie L. Sartore, B.S., Western Illinois University; M.S., Indiana University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. George B. Cunningham The majority of research investigations into the meaning and implications of the lesbian label within the sport context have primarily focused on coaches, athletes, and physical education teachers. Generally overlooked, however, has been the area of college and university health and kinesiology academia (i.e., sport-related curricula). The purpose of this study was to extend this line of inquiry to this setting within the context of sport. By doing so, investigating the lesbian label, as well as seeking to identify its presence, impact, and potential consequences as they relate to health and kinesiology department members, may contribute to the understanding of why a lesbian stigma persists within the multifaceted context of sport. Further, an additional purpose of this inquiry was to identify whether the use of identity management strategies, and their potential negative consequences, were used in relation to the lesbian label. The lesbian label was investigated through the voices of health and kinesiology department academicians. Through their words it was communicated that not only was the lesbian label and an associated stigma present within their respective departments, but the meaning of lesbianism within sport-related curricula was somewhat reminiscent
Ultra-thin-body and BOX (UTBB) fully depleted (FD) device integration for 22nm node and beyond

We present UTBB devices with a gate length (L<inf>G</inf>) of 25nm and competitive drive currents. The process flow features conventional gate-first high-k/metal and raised source/drains (RSD). Back bias (V<inf>bb</inf>) enables V<inf>t</inf> modulation of more than 125mV with a V<inf>bb</inf> of 0.9V and BOX thickness of 12nm. This demonstrates the importance and viability of the UTBB structure for multi-V<inf>t</inf> and power management applications. We explore the impact of GP, BOX thickness and V<inf>bb</inf> on local V<inf>t</inf> variability for the first time. Excellent A<inf>Vt</inf> of 1.27 mV·µm is achieved. We also present simulations results that suggest UTBB has improved scalability, reduced gate leakage (I<inf>g</inf>) and lower external resistance (R<inf>ext</inf>), thanks to a thicker inversion gate dielectric (T<inf>inv</inf>) and body (T<inf>si</inf>) thickness.
Security Threat Prediction in a Local Area Network Using Statistical Model

In today's large and complex network scenario vulnerability scanners play a major role from security perspective by proactively identifying the known security problems or vulnerabilities that exists across a typical organizational network. Identifying vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious user often helps to test, maintain, and assess the risk of the existing network. Still there are many problems with currently available state of the art vulnerability scanners like hampering system resource. One possible solution to this problem might be reducing the number of vulnerability scans, along with the quantitative approach towards different vulnerability category in order to identify which class of vulnerability should enjoy preference in the risk mitigation procedure. This paper introduces a model that predicts vulnerabilities that will occur in near future on a local area network (LAN) by using statistical measures and vulnerability history data. Two case studies have also been presented to validate the model.
An Algorithm for Finding the Smallest Set of Smallest Rings

This paper describes an algorithm which finds the smallest set of smallest rings of a ring system without the necessity of finding all rings in the ring system. The algorithm first finds the smallest rings in which unused atoms occur and then progresses to find the smallest rings in which unused edges and faces occur until the smallest set of rings required to describe the complete ring system is found. The algorithm converges quickly because the lengths of the paths that need to be scanned to discover each new ring decrease when a smaller ring is found.
Perspectives on Damping Strategy for Heaving Wave Energy Converters

Damping strategies are cost-effective and easy-to-implement, and are used to mechanically load heaving wave energy converters (WECs) by utilizing the combination of a properly sized power take-off (PTO) system and an accompanying control algorithm. Compared with reactive-based control strategies, damping strategies have lower energy throughput, but they can be effective for small WEC systems. To the best of our knowledge, damping strategies have been generally discussed either within the mechanical or the electrical framework. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to bridge the two directly interacting sides of the problem. Furthermore, the effect of the wave characteristics and the operating conditions of the PTO system on the power capturing performance of WECs is examined. A criterion to properly select the required damping, considering not only the hydrodynamic forces but also the limitations present in the PTO system, is proposed. The simulation and experimental results of the investigated system are provided and discussed.
Modeling Instance Appearance for Recognition - Can We Do Better Than EM?

Non-rigid object detection and articulated pose estimation are two related and challenging problems in computer vision. Numerous models have been proposed over the years and often address different special cases, such as pedestrian detection or upper body pose estimation in TV footage. This paper shows that such specialization may not be necessary, and proposes a generic approach based on the pictorial structures framework. We show that the right selection of components for both appearance and spatial modeling is crucial for general applicability and overall performance of the model. The appearance of body parts is modeled using densely sampled shape context descriptors and discriminatively rained AdaBoost classifiers. Furthermore, we interpret the normalized margin of each classifier as likelihood in a generative model. Non-Gaussian relationships between parts are represented as Gaussians in the coordinate system of the joint between parts. The marginal posterior of each part is inferred using belief propagation. We demonstrate that such a model is equally suitable for both detection and pose estimation tasks, outperforming the state of the art on three recently proposed d tasets.
Predictors and Clinical Features of Postoperative Hyperperfusion after Surgical Revascularization for Moyamoya Disease: A Serial Single Photon Emission CT/Positron Emission Tomography Study

Background and Purpose— Clinical features and pathophysiology of postoperative hyperperfusion in moyamoya disease are still unclear. This study was aimed to clarify the incidence and time course of postoperative hyperperfusion and to determine the independent predictors of postoperative hyperperfusion in moyamoya disease. Methods— This prospective study included 41 patients who underwent surgical revascularization for moyamoya disease. Using 15O-gas positron emission tomography, hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were quantified before surgery. Using single photon emission computed tomography, cerebral blood flow was serially measured just after surgery and on 2 and 7 days postsurgery. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the effect of multiple variables on postoperative hyperperfusion. Results— Postoperative hyperperfusion was observed in 29 (50.0%) of 58 operated hemispheres. The incidence of both radiological and symptomatic hyperperfusion was significantly higher in adult patients than in pediatric ones (P=0.026 and P=0.0037, respectively). Hyperperfusion just after surgery more often led to subsequent neurological deficits (P=0.033). A multivariate analysis revealed that preoperative cerebral blood volume increase was an independent predictor of both radiological and symptomatic hyperperfusion after surgery in adult moyamoya disease (OR, 6.6 and 12.3, respectively). Conclusions— Postoperative hyperperfusion after surgical revascularization is not rare in moyamoya disease. Adult patients with a cerebral blood volume increase may be at high risk for radiological and symptomatic hyperperfusion after surgery. Careful perioperative management would reduce surgical complications and improve long-term outcome in moyamoya disease.
Metabolic rewiring in cancer-associated fibroblasts provides a niche for oncogenesis and metastatic dissemination

ABSTRACT Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major participants in the crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment. CAFs provide not only multiple soluble factors but also metabolic fuels to promote tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. We discuss recent developments delineating the effects of metabolic symbiosis between CAFs and tumor cells on tumor growth.
Genomic signatures of divergent selection and speciation patterns in a ‘natural experiment’, the young parallel radiations of Nicaraguan crater lake cichlid fishes

Divergent selection is the main driving force in sympatric ecological speciation and may also play a strong role in divergence between allopatric populations. Characterizing the genome‐wide impact of divergent selection often constitutes a first step in unravelling the genetic bases underlying adaptation and ecological speciation. The Midas cichlid fish (Amphilophus citrinellus) species complex in Nicaragua is a powerful system for studying evolutionary processes. Independent colonizations of isolated young crater lakes by Midas cichlid populations from the older and great lakes of Nicaragua resulted in the repeated evolution of adaptive radiations by intralacustrine sympatric speciation. In this study we performed genome scans on two repeated radiations of crater lake species and their great lake source populations (1030 polymorphic AFLPs, n ∼ 30 individuals per species). We detected regions under divergent selection (0.3% in the crater lake Xiloá flock and 1.7% in the older crater lake Apoyo radiation) that might be responsible for the sympatric diversifications. We find no evidence that the same genomic regions have been involved in the repeated evolution of parallel adaptations across crater lake flocks. However, there is some genetic parallelism apparent (seven out of 51 crater lake to great lake outlier loci are shared; 13.7%) that is associated with the allopatric divergence of both crater lake flocks. Interestingly, our results suggest that the number of outlier loci involved in sympatric and allopatric divergence increases over time. A phylogeny based on the AFLP data clearly supports the monophyly of both crater lake species flocks and indicates a parallel branching order with a primary split along the limnetic‐benthic axis in both radiations.
Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells is associated with the type I IFN pathway in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis.

OBJECTIVE Alterations in phenotype and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been associated with poor vascular outcomes and impaired vascular repair in various conditions. Our hypothesis was that patients with PM and DM have dysregulation of EPCs driven by type I IFN and IL-18 similar to other autoimmune diseases. METHODS Quantification of circulating EPCs was performed by flow cytometry in patients with PM/DM and matched healthy controls. The ability of EPCs to differentiate into mature endothelial cells was investigated by light and fluorescence microscopy quantification in the presence or absence of PM/DM or control serum, neutralizing antibodies to type I IFN receptor or IL-18. Serum type I IFN activity was quantified by induction of type I IFN-inducible genes in HeLa cells. Circulating IL-18 concentrations were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Circulating EPCs were significantly lower in PM/DM patients compared with controls. PM/DM EPCs displayed a decreased capacity to differentiate into mature endothelial cells and PM/DM serum significantly inhibited differentiation of control EPCs. This effect was reversed in the majority of samples with neutralizing antibodies to IL-18 or to type I IFN receptor or by a combination of these antibodies. Patients with associated impairments in EPC function had higher type I IFN serum activity. CONCLUSION PM/DM is associated with dysregulation of EPC phenotype and function that may be attributed, at least in part, to aberrant IL-18 and type I IFN pathways. The implication of these vasculopathic findings for disease prognosis and complications remains to be determined.
Dominant‐negative inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein as drug efflux pump through the inhibition of S‐S dependent homodimerization

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a half‐molecule ABC transporter highly expressed in mitoxantrone‐resistant cells. In our study we established PA317 transfectants expressing Myc‐tagged BCRP (MycBCRP) or HA‐tagged BCRP (HABCRP). The exogenous BCRP protein migrated as a 70‐kDa protein in SDS‐PAGE under reducing condition, but migrated as a 140‐kDa complex in the absence of reducing agents. The 140‐kDa BCRP complex was heat‐stable but dissociated into 70‐kDa BCRP with the addition of 2‐mercaptoethanol. The 140‐kDa BCRP complex was immunoprecipitated with anti‐Myc antibody from the lysates of PA317 cells double‐transfected with MycBCRP and HABCRP. The 140‐kDa complex reacted with anti‐HA and anti‐BCRP antibodies and after the addition of reducing agents, a 70‐kDa protein reacting with anti‐Myc, anti‐HA and anti‐BCRP antibodies was detected. These results clearly indicate that BCRP forms a homodimer bridged by disulfide bonds. To assess the possible dominant‐negative inhibition of BCRP drug efflux pump, various mutant BCRP cDNAs were isolated by PCR mutagenesis. First, mutant BCRP cDNAs were introduced to parental PA317 cells and tested for their function as drug‐resistance genes. Next, inactive BCRP cDNA clones were introduced to MycBCRP‐transfected cells and tested for the ability to lower drug resistance. Among the 8 inactive mutant cDNA clones tested, HABCRP cDNA clone 15 with an amino acid change from Leu to Pro at residue 554 in the fifth transmembrane domain of BCRP partially reversed the drug resistance of MycBCRP‐transfected cells. These results suggest that homodimer formation is essential for BCRP drug resistance, implicating this dominant‐negative inhibition as a new strategy to circumvent drug resistance. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex Differences in Novelty-related Location Preferences of Hooded Rats

In a square exploration box comprising a familiar and a novel half, hooded rats of both sexes were confronted with brightness differences between the two halves, brightness changes in the novel half, and attenuation of odour cues. Only males showed a significant preference for occupying the novel half when it had been visible but physically inaccessible during prior confinement to the familiar half. Although the brightness differences and changes did not affect the rats’ novelty-related location preferences, preferences were lower whenever the novel half was white. This obvious brightness aversion was accentuated by a change from black to white. Attenuation of odour cues by washing the apparatus resulted in males (as well as females) failing to show a preference for the novel half. It was concluded that, although disparities in the specific type of visual information provided did not affect preferences, female rats appeared able to familiarize themselves with the future novel half through being able to see into it, whereas males may have required odour information for this to occur.
A Comparison of Model Free versus Model Intensive Approaches to Sentence Compression

This work introduces a model free approach to sentence compression, which grew out of ideas from Nomoto (2008), and examines how it compares to a state-of-art model intensive approach known as Tree-to-Tree Transducer, or T3 (Cohn and Lapata, 2008). It is found that a model free approach significantly outperforms T3 on the particular data we created from the Internet. We also discuss what might have caused T3's poor performance.
WIBACK : A SDN ENABLED WIRELESS BACKHAUL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE FOR FUTURE 5 G NETWORKS

Recently both academic and industry worlds have started to define the successor of Long Term Evolution (LTE), so-called 5G networks, which will most likely appear by the end of the decade. It is widely accepted that those 5G networks will have to deal with significantly more challenging requirements in terms of provided bandwidth, latency and supported services. This will lead to not only modifications in the access segment and parts of core networks, but will trigger changes throughout the whole network, including the Back-haul segment. In this work we present our vision of a 5G Back-haul network and identify the associated challenges. We then describe our Wireless Back-haul (WiBACK) architecture, which implements Software Defined Network (SDN) concepts and further extends them into the wireless domain. Finally we present a brief overview of our evaluation results.