Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Error Recovery for Reliable Multicast

Multicast is an efficient mechanism for distributing data from one sender to multiple receivers. Many applications need a reliable multicast service which is not provided by the existing IP multicast protocol. Providing such a service on a large scale requires efficient algorithms for error recovery. This dissertation presents a randomized reliable multicast protocol called RRMP which has demonstrably achieved several good properties. The protocol eliminates message implosion by diffusing the responsibility of error recovery among all members in the group and improves the robustness of the system against process failures. It provides good local recovery by dynamically organizing members into an error recovery hierarchy according to their geographic locations. It optimizes buffer management through an innovative two-phase buffering algorithm that explicitly addresses the variances in delivery latency for large multicast groups. The algorithm reduces buffer requirements by adaptively allocating buffer space to messages most needed in the system and by spreading the load of buffering among all members in the group. The key idea of RRMP is to use randomization as a powerful technique to achieve high robustness and efficiency in reliable multicast communications. The RRMP protocol works well within the existing IP multicast framework and does not require additional support from network routers. Both analysis and experimental results show that the performance penalty due to randomization is low and can be tuned according to application requirements. iii To my parents iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to my advisor, Kenneth P. Birman, for his guidance, encouragement, and support during my entire graduate study. He introduced me into the area of reliable multicast and provided many valuable comments on my research. Joseph Y. Halpern and Zygmunt J. Haas are the other two members in my committee. I want to thank them for their efforts and kindness. I worked with Robbert van Renesse on various problems and wish to express my gratitude to him for many insightful discussions. Mark Hayden worked with me during my early years at Cornell University, from whom I gained valuable experiences on how to do research. I want to thank him for his knowledge and patience. Ken Birman and Mark Hayden are among the co-authors of the Bimodal Multicast protocol described in Chapter 3 of the dissertation.ings, or recommendations presented in this dissertation are my own and do not reflect the official views of the funding agencies.
Comparative Study between Sequential Automatic and Manual Home Respiratory Polygraphy Scoring Using a Three-Channel Device: Impact of the Manual Editing of Events to Identify Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Objective. According to current guidelines, autoscoring of respiratory events in respiratory polygraphy requires manual scoring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between automatic analysis and manual scoring to identify patients with suspected OSA. Methods. This retrospective study analyzed 791 records from respiratory polygraphy (RP) performed at home. The association grade between automatic scoring and manual scoring was evaluated using Kappa coefficient and the agreement using Bland and Altman test and intraclass correlation coefficient (CCI). To determine the accuracy in the identification of AHI ≥ 30 eV/h, the ROC curve analysis was used. Results. The population analyzed consisted of 493 male (62.3%) and 298 female patients, with an average age of 54.7 ± 14.20 years and BMI of 32.7 ± 8.21 kg/m2. There was no significant difference between automatic and manual apnea/hypopnea indexes (aAHI, mAHI): aAHI 17.25 (SD: 17.42) versus mAHI 21.20 ± 7.96 (p; NS). The agreement between mAHI and aAHI to AHI ≥ 30 was 94%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.83 (p < 0.001) and a CCI of 0.83. The AUC-ROC, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.99 (CI 95%: 0.98-0.99, p < 0.001), 86% (CI 95%: 78.7–91.4), and 97% (CI 95%: 96–98.3), respectively. Conclusions. We observed good agreement between automatic scoring and sequential manual scoring to identify subjects with AHI ≥ 30 eV/h.
Venous Engorgement as a Cause of Facial Canal Enlargement

There are various causes of facial canal enlargement. From congenital anomalies to neoplasms, many pathologic conditions should be considered. However, normal variants of vascular anatomy can also result in facial canal enlargement on temporal bone imaging. In order to avoid unnecessary procedures and complications, such as bleeding and facial nerve injury, this possibility should also be taken into account. A case of a 50-year-old male who was diagnosed with facial canal enlargement because of venous engorgement in the facial canal is herein described.
A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON ACCOUNTS MANIPULATION

Accounts manipulation has been a matter of research, discussion and, even, controversy in several countries such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and France. Accounts manipulation has been studied from many point of views and with many different methodologies, which had generated different characterizations: earnings management, income smoothing, creative accounting, window-dressing, big bath accounting. The objective of this paper is a thorough review of the literature dealing with the various aspects of accounts manipulation by namely identifying their numerous definitions, the main objectives followed and the research methodologies having been used. Our study reveals that all the above-mentioned techniques, sometimes confused by the authors, have common elements, mainly based on the desire to influence the market participants’ perception of the risk associated to the firm, but also differences, which must be pointed out.
Discovering Learning Pattern in Different Cognitive Style of Learners

As recent development in Web-based learning system is not only a tide, but also a trend. To reduce the problem of disorientation and cognitive overload while learning with the WBLS, it is important to provide sufficient "learner control" mechanism to WBLS learners. One possible way is to allow learners to construct their own learning path by using different navigation tools in different sequence that based on their preference. This study focus on discovering the learning path by the sequence of navigation tools usage in different cognitive style learners. Results indicated that learners in different cognitive style prefer different learning pattern.
SPH Simulations of Direct Impact Accretion in the Ultracompact AM CVn Binaries

The ultracompact binary systems V407 Vul (RX J1914.4+2456) and HM Cnc (RX J0806.3+1527), a two-member subclass of the AM CVn stars, continue to generate interest because they defy unambiguous classification. Three proposed models remain viable at this time, but none of the three are significantly more compelling than the remaining two, and all three can satisfy the observational constraints if parameters in the models are tuned. One of the three proposed models is the direct impact model of Marsh & Steeghs, in which the accretion stream impacts the surface of a rapidly rotating primary white dwarf directly, but at a near-glancing angle. One requirement of this model is that the accretion stream have a high enough density to advect its specific kinetic energy below the photosphere for progressively more thermalized emission downstream, a constraint that requires an accretion spot size of ~1.2 × 105 km2 or smaller. Because we had at hand a smoothed particle hydrodynamics code optimized for cataclysmic variable accretion disk simulations, it was relatively straightforward for us to adapt it to calculate the footprint of the accretion stream at the nominal radius of the primary white dwarf and thus to test this constraint of the direct impact model. We find that the mass flux at the impact spot can be approximated by a bivariate Gaussian with a standard deviation of σϕ = 164 km in the orbital plane and σθ = 23 km in the perpendicular direction. The area of the 2 σ ellipse into which ~86% of the mass flux occurs is roughly 47,400 km2, or roughly half the size estimated by Marsh & Steeghs. We discuss the necessary parameters of a simple model of the luminosity distribution in the postimpact emission region.
Bayesian Updating vs. Reinforcement and Affect: A Laboratory Study

We examine decision-making under risk and uncertainty in a laboratory experiment. The heart of our design is directed at studying how one's propensity to use Bayes' rule is affected by whether this rule is aligned with reinforcement or clashes with it. We create a decision problem where there are two states of the world, two 'urns' containing different proportions of desirable 'balls' in each state, and two draws with replacement from these urns. In some cases, Bayesian updating after a successful outcome should lead to a second draw from the other urn, but should lead to a second draw from the same urn after an unsuccessful outcome. We observe striking patterns of behavior: When reinforcement and Bayesian updating are aligned, nearly all people respond as expected. However, around 50% of all decisions are inconsistent with Bayesian updating when reinforcement clashes with it. We also find a pronounced preference for simplicity, as people tend to make costly initial choices that eliminate uncertainty/complexity in a subsequent decision, thereby minimizing the chances for regret or cognitive dissonance. Follow-up treatments suggest that, to a large extent, errors are driven by the affect experienced from the initial draw, with positive affect being a particularly strong force. Acknowledgements: We thank Mark Brinkman and Arun Qamra for their help with designing the software and conducting the experimental sessions. We have benefited from discussions with, and suggestions from, Ted Bergstrom, James Choi, Ido Erev, Guillaume Frechette, Rod Garratt, Itzhak Gilboa, David Laibson, Jim Peck, David Schmeidler, Bill Zame, Richard Zeckhauser, and seminar participants at UCSB, Columbia University, Harvard University, the Econometric Society Summer 2003 meeting, and the Stony Brook 2003 Workshop on Experimental Economics and Game Theory. All errors are our own. This version of the paper was completed while the second author was a visiting scholar in Harvard Business School and he wishes to thank HBS for its hospitality.
Receive antenna selection for unitary space-time modulation over semi-correlated Ricean channels

Receive antenna selection for unitary space-time modulation (USTM) over semi-correlated Ricean fading channels is analyzed (this work generalizes that of Ma and Tepedelenlio-glu for the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading case). The antenna selection rule is that the receive antennas with the largest signal powers are chosen. For single antenna selection, we derive the maximum likelihood decoding for the correlated Ricean case. We also derive the Chernoff bound on the pairwise error probability for the high signal to- noise ratio (SNR) region and obtain the coding gain and diversity order. Our results show that even when there are transmitter side correlations and a line of sight component, receive antenna selection with USTM preserves the full diversity order if the USTM constellation is of full rank. We also give an approximation to the distribution function of a quadratic form of non-zero mean complex Gaussian variates (from Nabar et al.) at the high SNR region. Based on this approximation, a closed-form expression for the coding gain is also obtained and compared with that of the i.i. d. Rayleigh case. We also analyze the case of multiple receive antenna selection and derive the coding gain and diversity order. We show that USTM constellations, which have been proposed for the i.i. d. Rayleigh channel, can be used with the correlated Ricean channel as well.
Stochastic Delay Bound in Sink-Tree Networks

Sensor networks are deployed in many fields for its availability and timeliness to capture significant information. It is very important to provide a guaranteed delay for some time-sensitive applications. Unfortunately, many previous work focus on routing strategy or energy management, and these related results bring longer delay to sensor networks. Actually, the theoretical bound is significant for sensor network deployment. Some articles have concerned the delay bound of aggregating flows, but all of these methods only provide some deterministic results, which is not consistent with the reality that the sensor node generates signal randomly and wireless links could undergo stochastic changes. In this paper, an aggregation output property in sensor networks with sink-tree structure is derived from stochastic network calculus theory. Based on this property, a stochastic delay bound of aggregation flows is obtained. Compared with the result in deterministic network calculus, the new bound is very tight and more applicable. A brief conclusion and the future work are also introduced in the last section.
Spousal violence against Egyptian women and its impact on reproductive indicators

Domestic violence against women is increasingly recognized as a global problem. It poses a direct threat to women's health and has serious reproductive health consequences. The study aims to identify the relationship between women exposure to spousal violence and some reproductive health indicators. Data from the 2005 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) were secondary analyzed for 5,613 ever-married women aged 15-49 years. The results revealed that more than three in ten women had an experience with any form of spousal violence. Fertility was higher among women have experienced violence than among women who have not (mean number of children ever born was 3.4±2.1 versus 2.9 ± 2.4). Total family planning need was higher among women who have experienced violence than among women who have not. Self reported prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was higher among women who have ever or recently experienced violence than women who have not (21.4%, 26.1% versus. 18.5%). It is concluded that marital violence is related to various negative reproductive health outcomes. Violence against women is a vicious circle that needs to be broken. Actions must be taken to make women and men understand that violence against women is not legitimate or acceptable and that everybody pays a high price for it. (Eman M. M. Monazea and Ekram M. Abdel Khalek. Spousal violence against Egyptian women and its impact on reproductive indicators. Journal of American Science 2011; 7(6):612-622). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience. org.
Hybrid bandwidth allocation for energy saving based on large-scale user behavior in heterogeneous networks

One of the main purpose for heterogeneous networks (HetNet) is to reduce the power consumption for various spectrum allocation schemes. Large-scale user behavior in a two-tier HetNet is considered for the energy-efficient spectrum allocation, which characterizes the macro BSs that guarantee traffic requirements in non-hotspot regions and micro BSs that guarantee traffic requirements in hotspot regions. Two hybrid bandwidth allocation schemes are presented for the shared/orthogonal frequency band and the high/low frequency band, where the large-scale user behavior is taken into account. We present closed-form formulas of bandwidth allocation schemes which establish the quantitative relationship between the large-scale user behavior and bandwidth allocation strategy. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed schemes are effective in guaranteeing both the demands of the large-scale user behavior and keeping low power consumption.
Author's Personal Copy Computational Statistics and Data Analysis Fast Kernel Conditional Density Estimation: a Dual-tree Monte Carlo Approach

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Keywords: Kernel conditional density estimation Fast algorithms Large datasets Scalability Dual-tree Monte Carlo a b s t r a c t We describe a fast, data-driven bandwidth selection procedure for kernel conditional density estimation (KCDE). Specifically, we give a Monte Carlo dual-tree algorithm for efficient, error-controlled approximation of a cross-validated likelihood objective. While exact evaluation of this objective has an unscalable O(n 2) computational cost, our method is practical and shows speedup factors as high as 286,000 when applied to real multivariate datasets containing up to one million points. In absolute terms, computation times are reduced from months to minutes. This enables applications at much greater scale than previously possible. The core idea in our method is to first derive a standard deterministic dual-tree approximation , whose loose deterministic bounds we then replace with tight, probabilistic Monte Carlo bounds. The resulting Monte Carlo dual-tree algorithm exhibits strong error control and high speedup across a broad range of datasets several orders of magnitude greater in size than those reported in previous work. The cost of this high acceleration is the loss of the formal error guarantee of the deterministic dual-tree framework; however, our experiments show that error is still amply controlled by our Monte Carlo algorithm, and the many-order-of-magnitude speedups are worth this sacrifice in the large-data case, where cross-validated bandwidth selection for KCDE would otherwise be impractical.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Öğretimsel Liderlik Davranışı İle Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışlarının Analizi

The aim of this research is to analyse the instructional leadership behaviour of the principles with the organizational citizenship behaviours of the teachers according to the teachers’ point of view. The research was conducted using relational screening model. Sample of the research includes 365 primary school teachers and 346 secondary school teachers in Konya city centre. The data were collected by “Organizational Leadership Inventory” developed by Tanriogen (2000) and Organizational Citizenship Behaviour Scale adapted to educational organizations by Polat (2007). According to the findings, school principals show a high degree of instructional leadership behaviour and teachers show a high degree of organizational citizenship behaviour. The level of primary school principals’ showing instructional leadership and the level of primary school teachers’ showing organizational citizenship are higher than the ones working in the secondary schools. Instructional leadership behaviour by the school principals positively affect the organizational citizenship behaviour of the teachers. Among the instructional leadership dimensions, only the dimension of developing education and teacher affects organizational citizenship and the other dimensions have no effect. School principals who wish to improve the organizational behaviour of the teachers must be an expert and provide feedback that would ensure occupational development for quality education.
Visualizing a temporally-enhanced ontology

Most ontology development methodologies and tools for ontology management deal with ontology snapshots, i.e. they model and manage only the most recent version of ontologies, which is inadequate for contexts where the history of the ontology is of interest, such as historical archives. This work presents a modeling for entity and relationship timelines in the Protégé tool, complemented with a visualization plug-in, which enables users to examine entity evolution along the timeline. Categories and subject descriptors H.3. 3 Information Search and Retrieval, H.5. 2 User Interfaces – Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), I.3. 6 COMPUTER GRAPHICS Methodology and Techniques – Interaction Techniques.
The Effects of Facilitation on Cognitive Restructuring in Online Discussion

This study compared the effects of system-initiated (low-level) facilitation with that of facilitator-initiated plus system-initiated (high-level) facilitation on cognitive restructuring and learning achievement. Graduate students participated in facilitated online discussion within a web course for one semester. This study found no significant effects by employing an online facilitator to provide extra facilitation in addition to the system-initiated facilitation. This finding suggests that well-designed system-initiated facilitation in cognitive restructuring may be sufficient for effective online learning. This study also found a significant correlation between cognitive restructuring and learning achievement, which confirms the importance of facilitating cognitive restructuring for effective online learning (Ausubel, 1963a, 1963b; Piaget, 1980; Vygotsky, 1978). This finding suggests that creating online interaction for facilitating cognitive restructuring should be incorporated into online pedagogy for optimizing online learning effectiveness.
Study on Signal Processing of FMCW Ground Penetrating Radar

In this paper, a frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) ground penetrating radar (GPR) is developed and used to measure the thickness of concrete/asphalt layers of highways/airports. If the thickness of the layer is thin, measurement may be impossible using traditional DFT method since the frequencies of reflected waves are very close and the week waves reflected from underground layers will be “submerged” by the strong one reflected from the pavement surface. An adaptive filtering method is presented to eliminate the strong wave reflected from the pavement surface and thus the week waves reflected from the underground layer surfaces can be detected. Then the modified frequency estimation method is proposed to enhance the frequency estimation precision of FMCW GPR signal. Simulation experiment results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Social Graph-Based Partitioning and Distribution for OSN Content Caching and Proactive Delivery

The continued growth of Internet traffic associated with the popularity of online social networks (OSNs) raises the possibility that knowledge of the underlying social graph connecting users may be exploited to enhance content distribution and delivery. In our previous work, we found that partitioning OSN users and their data based on their social graph, and using the partitioning as basis for content placement decisions across cache servers yield significant improvements over randomly-partitioned implementations. In this paper we go beyond content placement and use the same partitioning scheme to push updates across distributed caches to maintain consistency in OSN state. To avoid making singular assumptions on the degree to which user interaction patterns are influenced either by social considerations or content popularity, we parameterized our experiments to determine the impact of various interaction mixes on different cache designs. We found that in the new hybrid scheme that combines "socially-aware" cooperative content placement, on one hand, with social graph-driven proactive content delivery on the other, significant performance benefit continues to be driven by the former rather than the latter. Consequently, the hybrid scheme is likewise sensitive to the granularity of graph partitioning, which in turn dictates cache sizes and the number of cache servers.