Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direction Finding Using Higher Order Statistics Without Redundancy

In the last decade, 2q -MUSIC, an extension of MUSIC algorithm to an arbitrary even order 2q, has been proposed to process direction-finding problems. Despite of its better performance compared with MUSIC, it suffers from the high computational complexity, thus limiting its practical application. This letter proposes a method called Non-Redundant-2q-MUSIC using 2qth order statistics for uniform linear arrays and uniform rectangular arrays. The proposed method lowers the computational complexity effectively by removing the redundancy of the virtual array and the 2q th-order cumulant matrix. And root-MUSIC can be applied to avoid calculating the pseudo-spectrum. It is illustrated in both theoretical proof and computer simulations that the proposed method performs properly and effectively.
The Persuadable Voter: Wedge Issues in Presidential Campaigns

List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii Chapter One: Wedge Issues in Presidential Campaigns 1 Chapter Two: The Reciprocal Campaign 18 Chapter Three: Measuring the Persuadable Partisan 49 Chapter Four: Capturing Campaign Persuasion 82 Chapter Five: The Republican Southern Strategy: A Case Study of the Reciprocal Campaign 107 Chapter Six: Candidate Strategy in the 2004 Campaign 145 Chapter Seven: Conclusions: Consequences for Democratic Governance 183 Appendix 1: Question Wording and Coding 205 Appendix 2: Content Analysis Coding 214 Appendix 3: Statistical Results 216 Bibliography 223 Index 237
Exploring Spatio-Temporal Data as Personal Routes

Spatio-temporal data is often displayed using regional aggregation or heatmaps, which are useful for exploring large distributed trends or working to unearth the cause of more localized behavior. For individual users that live and work in the region, however, these representations are inaccessible and difficult to put into practice. We present a new technique for exploring spatiotemporal data as personal routes through a geographic area. With this technique, users are able to examine the details of a subset of event records that are contextually relevant to a trip taken through the area of consideration. Our technique can be applied to any spatio-temporal data that consists of point events, and is demonstrated through a visualization system, Safe Passage, that displays crime data from an urban area in the context of pedestrian routes that users take through the city.
Phytochrome-dependent coordinate control of distinct aspects of nuclear and plastid gene expression during anterograde signaling and photomorphogenesis

Light perception by photoreceptors impacts plastid transcription, development, and differentiation. This photoreceptor-dependent activity suggests a mechanism for photoregulation of gene expression in the nucleus and plastid that serves to coordinate expression of critical genes of these two organelles. This coordinate expression is required for proper stoichiometric accumulation of components needed for assembly of plastids, photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes and components such as phytochromes. Chloroplast-targeted sigma factors, which function together with the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase to regulate expression of plastid-encoded genes, and nuclear-encoded plastid development factors, such as GLK1 and GLK2, are targets of phytochrome regulation. Such phytochrome-dependent functions are hypothesized to allow light-dependent regulation, and feasibly tuning, of plastid components and function in response to changes in the external environment, which directly affects photosynthesis and the potential for light-induced damage. When the size and protein composition of the light-harvesting complexes are not tuned to the external environment, imbalances in electron transport can impact the cellular redox state and cause cellular damage. We show that phytochromes specifically regulate the expression of multiple factors that function to modulate plastid transcription and, thus, provide a paradigm for coordinate expression of the nuclear and plastid genomes in response to changes in external light conditions. As phytochromes respond to changes in the prevalent wavelengths of light and light intensity, we propose that specific phytochrome-dependent molecular mechanisms are used during light-dependent signaling between the nucleus and chloroplast during photomorphogenesis to coordinate chloroplast development with plant developmental stage and the external environment.
Influence of band and orbital degeneracies on ferromagnetism in the periodic Anderson model

We investigate the influence of degeneracies of the conduction band and the $f$-orbital on the stability of ferromagnetism in the periodic Anderson model. To this end we calculate the temperature dependence of the inverse susceptibility for different degeneracies $D^c, D^f$ and conduction electron densities $n^c$ within the dynamical mean-field theory. A strong increase of the Curie temperature $T_c$ with the degeneracy $D^f$ of the localized $f$-level is found. For $D^c \leq D^f$ a simple \emph{ansatz} based on a mean-field treatment of the RKKY interaction is shown to imply a scaling behavior of $T_c$ as a function of the conduction electron density per band which is well obeyed by the numerical results. In particular, $T_c$ is found to have a maximum at $n^c / D^c\approx 0.3$.
Continuous glucose monitoring system: Is it really accurate, safe and clinically useful?

The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGM) has been used for constant checking of glucose level by measuring interstitial glucose concentrations, since the early days of the 21st century. It can potentially improve diabetes care if used carefully with the understanding of the characteristics of this system. Although there is a time lag of approximately 5–15 min between blood and interstitial glucose levels, the system is considered the most suitable device for meticulous glucose control and prevention of hypoglycemia. A large number of studies have examined its accuracy, safety and clinical effectiveness. The continuous glucose‐error grid analysis (CG‐EGA), designed by WL Clarke, evaluates the clinical accuracy of CGM. It examines ‘temporal’ characteristics of the data, analyzing pairs of reference and sensor readings as a process in time represented by a ‘bidimensional’ time series and taking into account inherent physiological time lags. Investment in CG‐EGA is clearly meaningful, even though there are other methodologies for evaluation. The use of each method complementarily is the most effective way to prove the accuracy of the device. The device has improved gradually, and real‐time CGM, which allows real‐time monitoring of blood glucose level, is already available commercially. The use of real‐time CGM could potentially lead to over‐ or undertreatment with insulin. Patient education through proper and effective handling of the new device is essential to improve diabetes care. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2012.00197.x, 2012)
An innovative short-term, intensive, family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa: case series.

OBJECTIVE In order to improve the dissemination of new expert-based treatments for adolescents with anorexia nervosa, we have developed an innovative 1-week intensive family-based evaluation and treatment programme. Ages of the adolescents in the programme ranged from 10 to 18 years (mean = 15.0, SD = 2.1). We report the outcomes of the first 19 cases. METHOD Data were obtained from a retrospective chart review and a follow-up of cases at 52 to 738 days (mean = 278.4, SD = 193.8) post-treatment. The primary outcome measure was ideal body weight (IBW) percentage. RESULTS At admission, the duration of illness ranged from less than 1 to 8 years (mean 2.1, SD = 1.7). Admission IBW ranged from 69.3 to 99.1% (mean = 84.3%, SD = 8.7). Follow-up IBW ranged from 84.4 to 134.6% (mean = 99.3%, SD = 11.8). All but one patient reported a sustained gain in weight post-treatment (mean = 15.0, SD = 14.5). DISCUSSION These data provide further support for the notion that short-term family-based therapy may be useful for weight restoration and maintenance in some adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
Measuring the benefit-cost ratio of public IPM technology transfer programs: an optimal control framework and an application to Nepalese agriculture.

Despite favourable ecological and economic results, many developing countries have not yet adopted an integrated pesticide management (IPM). Given rising marginal costs and diminishing marginal benefits from IPM technology transfer, an optimal control framework is used to identify optimal rates of technology transfer. The framework is applied to Nepalese agriculture to illustrate the dynamic adoption process for IPM. The results indicate that public IPM technology transfer programs should be targeted to maintain about 50% of agricultural production in IPM. The benefit-cost ratio is approximately 7.9:1. If the educational program is financed by a tax on chemical inputs the benefit-cost ratio would be 9.1:1.
Health impact of “reduced yield” cigarettes: a critical assessment of the epidemiological evidence

Cigarettes with lower machine measured “tar” and nicotine yields have been marketed as “safer” than high tar products over the last four decades, but there is conflicting evidence about the impact of these products on the disease burden caused by smoking. This paper critically examines the epidemiological evidence relevant to the health consequences of “reduced yield” cigarettes. Some epidemiological studies have found attenuated risk of lung cancer but not other diseases, among people who smoke “reduced yield” cigarettes compared to smokers of unfiltered, high yield products. These studies probably overestimate the magnitude of any association with lung cancer by over adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (one aspect of compensatory smoking), and by not fully considering other differences between smokers of “high yield” and “low yield” cigarettes. Selected cohort studies in the USA and UK show that lung cancer risk continued to increase among older smokers from the 1950s to the 1980s, despite the widespread adoption of lower yield cigarettes. The change to filter tip products did not prevent a progressive increase in lung cancer risk among male smokers who began smoking during and after the second world war compared to the first world war era smokers. National trends in vital statistics data show declining lung cancer death rates in young adults, especially males, in many countries, but the extent to which this is attributable to “reduced yield” cigarettes remains unclear. No studies have adequately assessed whether health claims used to market “reduced yield” cigarettes delay cessation among smokers who might otherwise quit, or increase initiation among non-smokers. There is no convincing evidence that past changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important health benefit to either smokers or the whole population. Tobacco control policies should not allow changes in cigarette design to subvert or distract from interventions proven to reduce the prevalence, intensity, and duration of smoking.
Performance measurement of a general multi-scale template matching method

Generally, template matching methods are very sensible to image orientation, rotation or the size of the template. However, there are known occasions, when they perform better then other keypoint-based techniques. This article demonstrates a massively parallelizable method to multi-scaled template matching. By implementing it sequentially on CPU and on GPU with a naive approach, the runtimes can be measured during a test with multiple scale sizes. With the use of the GPU, the runtimes are 16-times lower. These results indicate that there is place for further research, and to develop a GPU associated solution to handle real-time video processing.
Differential Proteolysis of the Full‐Length Form of the L‐Type Calcium Channel α1 Subunit by Calpain

Abstract: This study examines the proteolysis of the carboxy terminal domain of the full‐length (α1212) and truncated (α1190) forms of the rabbit skeletal muscle L‐type calcium channel α1 subunit by calpain I and calpain II. Although both forms of the α1 subunit show little sensitivity to proteolysis by calpain II, α1212 is relatively more sensitive than α1190 to digestion by calpain I, the form of the enzyme regulated by micromolar concentrations of calcium. Calpain I cleaves a 37‐kDa fragment from the C‐terminus of α1212 in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner and proteolysis is independent of the α1212 phosphorylation state. This proteolytic cleavage removes the major site of cyclic AMP‐dependent phosphorylation from α1212 and may provide a mechanism for modifying the cyclic AMP‐dependent regulation of L‐type calcium channels in skeletal muscle.
Decomposing TAG Algorithms Using Simple Algebraizations

We review a number of different ‘algebraic’ perspectives on TAG and STAG in the framework of interpreted regular tree grammars (IRTGs). We then use this framework to derive a new parsing algorithm for TAGs, based on two algebras that describe strings and derived trees. Our algorithm is extremely modular, and can easily be adapted to the synchronous case.
Algorithm for Producing Compact Decision Trees for Enhancing Classification Accuracy in Fertilizer Recommendation of Soil

mining is the process of automatic classification of cases, based on data patterns obtained from a data set. Number of algorithms has been developed and implemented to extract information and discover knowledge patterns that may be useful for decision support. This paper proposes a technique that compact the decision tree increase the classification accuracy. The algorithm is developed by cascading the clustering and decision tree classification algorithm. The algorithm completes the process of two steps. In the first step, clustering is performed on training instances and in second step then the classification occurs on the clusters. A Schwartz criterion is used to get the optimal number of clusters. The algorithm is tested with the soil data set and various other online available datasets using WEKA. The simulation result shows that compact tree is formed, and the classification accuracy of the proposed algorithm is better than the classification accuracy of existing algorithms. The paper also presents the real-world application of proposed work in recommendation of fertilizers for soil dataset. describes the material and methods used in the paper with the existing technique and its drawback. The section 3 describes the modification of the existing technique and its implementation results on various datasets. The final section gives the application of the proposed algorithm in real world for fertilizer recommendation.
Finding Regulatory Elements Using Joint Likelihoods for Sequence and Expression Profile Data

A recent, popular method of finding promoter sequences is to look for conserved motifs upstream of genes clustered on the basis of expression data. This method presupposes that the clustering is correct. Theoretically, one should be better able to find promoter sequences and create more relevant gene clusters by taking a unified approach to these two problems. We present a likelihood function for a "sequence-expression" model giving a joint likelihood for a promoter sequence and its corresponding expression levels. An algorithm to estimate sequence-expression model parameters using Gibbs sampling and Expectation/Maximization is described. A program, called kimono, that implements this algorithm has been developed: the source code is freely available on the Internet.
Characterization of a Mouse-Adapted Staphylococcus aureus Strain

More effective antibiotics and a protective vaccine are desperately needed to combat the ‘superbug’ Staphylococcus aureus. While in vivo pathogenicity studies routinely involve infection of mice with human S. aureus isolates, recent genetic studies have demonstrated that S. aureus lineages are largely host-specific. The use of such animal-adapted S. aureus strains may therefore be a promising approach for developing more clinically relevant animal infection models. We have isolated a mouse-adapted S. aureus strain (JSNZ) which caused a severe outbreak of preputial gland abscesses among male C57BL/6J mice. We aimed to extensively characterize this strain on a genomic level and determine its virulence potential in murine colonization and infection models. JSNZ belongs to the MLST type ST88, rare among human isolates, and lacks an hlb-converting phage encoding human-specific immune evasion factors. Naive mice were found to be more susceptible to nasal and gastrointestinal colonization with JSNZ than with the human-derived Newman strain. Furthermore, naïve mice required antibiotic pre-treatment to become colonized with Newman. In contrast, JSNZ was able to colonize mice in the absence of antibiotic treatment suggesting that this strain can compete with the natural flora for space and nutrients. In a renal abscess model, JSNZ caused more severe disease than Newman with greater weight loss and bacterial burden. In contrast to most other clinical isolates, JSNZ can also be readily genetically modified by phage transduction and electroporation. In conclusion, the mouse-adapted strain JSNZ may represent a valuable tool for studying aspects of mucosal colonization and for screening novel vaccines and therapies directed at preventing colonization.
Rape on the Public Agenda: Feminism and the Politics of Sexual Assault

Women's responses to rape have taken many forms over the past three decades, from guerrilla actions targeting individual assailants to the founding of rape crisis centers. This timely book illuminates the movement's importance to the broader women's movement and discusses the public policy implications of this activism. Maria Bevacqua locates the roots of rape consciousness, traces the evolution of an anti-rape ideology on the feminist agenda, describes how the rape issue moved to the wider public agenda, and investigates the various manifestations and strategies of anti-rape politics. She examines how feminists first articulated the rape experience as a women's issue, traces the evolution of anti-rape ideology over a thirty-year period, and considers recent tensions in the movement, including allegations of a feminist date rape "hype" in the media and in the academy. The author untangles the public and legislative responses to the rape issue, analyzing both the political context that made policymakers receptive to anti-rape goals and the effect of the anti-rape movement on American political and social life.
Cancer incidence among 41,000 offshore oil industry workers.

BACKGROUND Cancer incidence among Norwegian offshore oil industry workers has been studied in two equally sized cohorts of 28000 workers, in a survey-based cohort study followed 1999-2005 and a register-based cohort study followed 1981-2003. AIMS To determine the overall cancer incidence in both cohorts merged, with an extended follow-up. METHODS The merged cohort yielded 41,140 individuals followed for cancer diagnoses 1999-2009. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by gender and by period of first employment using cancer registry data. RESULTS Among female workers, the total number of cancers was slightly higher than expected (SIR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.34), and excesses of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (SIR 5.29, 95% CI 1.72-12), malignant melanoma (SIR 2.13, 95% CI 1.41-3.08) and lung cancer (SIR 1.69, 95% CI 1.03-2.61) were observed. Among male workers, the total number of cancer cases was close to that expected (SIR 1.03, 95% CI 0.99-1.08), but cases of pleural cancer (SIR 2.56, 95% CI 1.58-3.91) and bladder cancer (SIR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.49) were higher than expected. Among male workers first employed before 1986, the numbers of observed cancer cases were higher than expected for most sites, while this was not evident among those employed later. CONCLUSIONS Further studies with exposure data and confounder control are needed to address whether the observed excesses of pleural cancer and AML can be attributed to offshore work.
The Effects of Rotation on Thermal-Gravitational Instability in the Protogalactic Disk Environment

Thermal-gravitational instability (TGI) is studied in the protogalactic environment. We extend our previous work, in which we found that dense clumps first form out of hot background gas by thermal instability and that later a small fraction of them grow to virialized clouds of mass Mc ≳ 6 × 106 M☉ by gravitational infall and merging. But these clouds have large angular momentum, and so they would have difficulty (although it would not be impossible) further evolving into globular clusters. In this Letter, through three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations in a uniformly rotating frame, we explore whether or not the Coriolis force due to rotation in protogalactic disk regions can hinder binary merging and thus reduce the angular momentum of the clouds formed. With rotation comparable to the Galactic rotation at the solar circle, the Coriolis force is smaller than the pressure force during the early thermal instability stage. So the properties of the clumps formed by thermal instability are not affected noticeably by rotation, except for increased angular momentum. However, during the later stage, the Coriolis force becomes dominant over the gravity, and hence the further growth of gravitationally bound clouds by gravitational infall and merging is prohibited. Our results show that the Coriolis force effectively destroys the picture of cloud formation via TGI, rather than alleviating the problem of large angular momentum.
Gestalt Revisited: Spin-offs and Assessment in International University Co-operation

International university co-operation is in a constant state of metamorphosis. Its future rests upon extraneous forces such as globalization and internationalization and also upon those who make policy decisions. Many international university organizations are auditing their programs and initiatives to such a degree that the cost effectiveness of such quality control measures are put into question. Institutional leaders are often forced to contend with low morale, trying their best to bolster a sense of hope, meaning and potential to international initiatives that are more likely to be financially sound than altruistic. Although current data suggest that bottom-top approaches to international co-operation are more likely to withstand the changes of time, it is often left to top-bottom directives to set a course for action. Drawing upon a specific and recently updated research study, this paper examines salient programs and initiatives that would otherwise not exist had it not been for certain policy makers who have actively advocated and promoted international university co-operation. It is in this vein that Wertheimer’s Gestalt approach is re-examined.
Three-dimensional equalization for the 3-D QAM system with strength reduction

Recently, the 3-D CAP system was introduced as a modification to the conventional 2-D CAP. This paper makes two contributions in the context of the 3-D CAP system. First, the QAM equivalent for the three-dimensional case is introduced by extending the 2-D complex notation into a 3-D vector notation. The definition is a modification of the well known quaternions. Second, the 3-D QAM filtering is redefined using algorithmic strength reduction to reduce the overall complexity by about one third with marginal degradation. The 3-D QAM system using 9 filters performs almost exactly as the 3-D CAP. Further complexity reduction is achieved by exploiting filtering reduction at the expense of only one dB of receiver SNR degradation.