Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitive Anxiety in Sport

"Competitive Anxiety in Sport" is a comprehensive review of competitive anxiety research that has used the Sport Competition Anxiety Test, or SCAT (a trait scale), and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2). This book describes the theoretical basis and development procedures for each scale, including detailed information on reliability and validity. "Competitive Anxiety in Sport" outlines directions for future research using SCAT. In addition, the book features the full original report on the development of the CSAI-2 and instructions for using it. "Competitive Anxiety in Sport" concludes with a theory of competitive anxiety based on an interaction between uncertainty about the outcome and the importance assigned to that outcome. The reader is invited to test the theory and challenged to replace it with a better one.The actual scales for both SCAT and the CSAI-2 are contained in the text, and readers are encouraged to photocopy these scales for research purposes without further written permission. With these ready-to-use tools, sport psychology researchers, teachers, and students have everything they need to test the authors' theory and arrive at their own conclusions about the causes of competitive anxiety and how to address them.This extension of and replacement for Martens's original competitive anxiety monograph published in 1977 also features the following: -The test construction procedures with complete results of the reliability and validity of each scale-Extensive reviews of 88 studies using SCAT and 16 using the CSAI-2-New, more comprehensive norms for SCAT and the CSAI-2-A new theory of competitive anxiety that synthesizes the findings and offers direction for future investigation"Competitive Anxiety in Sport" is an essential reference for any research sport psychologist who is investigating competitive anxiety. Clinical sport psychologists will also find this book helpful in understanding the causes of competitive anxiety.
Design of Basic Logic Gates Using Carbon Nano Tube Field Effect Transistor and Calculation of Figure of Merit

Carbon Nano tube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) is extensively planned for probable substitutes to traditional MOSFET. This paper presents effective design of CNTFET based digital logic gates and associated with current CMOS technology. The designs equally exhibited for CNTFET and CMOS technology, using Stanford University CNTFET model and PTM (Predictive Technology Model) independently. The compacted SPICE model is used for design and simulations of CNTFET based circuits. The typical model is designed for CNTFET which is same as MOSFET and consists of multiple carbon Nano tube. HSPICE simulation for the basic logic gates designed using Stanford University CNTFET model and PTM technologies and output performances have been extensively calculated with varying power supply with constant temperature. The power consumption and total delay of basic logic gates is calculated by substituting the CNTFET instead of MOSFET.
Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affect the risk of developing ovarian cancer? A meta-analysis.

AIM The relationship between the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, and the risk of ovarian cancer has been controversial. This study examines the strength of this association by conducting a detailed meta-analysis of the studies published in peer-reviewed literature on the subject. METHODS A comprehensive search for articles published up to April 2004 was performed, reviews of each study were conducted and data were abstracted. Prior to meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk estimates (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS Ten reports (six case-control and four cohort studies), published between 1998 and 2004, were identified. There was no evidence of an association between aspirin use and ovarian cancer risk either assuming a random-effects model (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.80, 1.06), or a fixed-effects model (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.81, 1.06). Similarly, we did not find evidence of an association between non-aspirin NSAID use and ovarian cancer, both on the basis of a random-effects model (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.68, 1.08), and on the basis of a fixed-effects model (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.76, 1.01). When the analyses were stratified into subgroups, there was no evidence that study design substantially influenced the estimate of effects. Furthermore, our analysis did not show decreasing risks with increasing frequency or duration of use, features often associated with causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis findings do not support that NSAID use plays a role in the chemoprevention of ovarian cancer. Future research should examine potential relationships between specific NSAIDs and ovarian cancer, taking into account the possible biases that may have affected this meta-analysis.
The Social Behavior of Chimpanzees and Bonobos: Empirical Evidence and Shifting Assumptions1

As our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos have been widely used as models of the behavior of early hominids. In recent years, as information on the social behavior and ecology of bonobos has come to light, many interspecific comparisons have been made. Chimpanzees have been characterized in terms of their intercommunity warfare, meat eating, infanticide, cannibalism, male status‐striving, and dominance over females. Bonobos, meanwhile, have been portrayed as the “Make love, not war” ape, characterized by female power‐sharing, a lack of aggression between either individuals or groups, richly elaborated sexual behavior that occurs without the constraint of a narrow window of fertility, and the use of sex for communicative purposes. This paper evaluates the evidence for this dichotomy and considers the reasons that contrasting portrayals of the two great apes have developed. While there are marked differences in social behavior between these two species, I argue that they are more similar behaviorally than most accounts have suggested. I discuss several reasons that current views of bonobo and chimpanzee societies may not accord well with field data. Among these are a bias toward captive data on bonobos, the tendency to see bonobos as derived because their behavior has been described more recently than that of chimpanzees, and the possibility that interpretations of bonobo‐chimpanzee differences are reflections of human male‐female differences.
On diminishing the vibrant confusion in software metrics

ed the following bases:-I. Dijkstra's hierarchical structures; the notion of hierarchy suggests tree-like (structured) designs; 2. Mill's axiom of single-entry~single-exit; suggests a means of inter-node communications; 3. Parna's information-hiding or encapsulation (as extended by OOP) axiom; the encapsulation is done within the tree node.
Personal factors contributing to deficits in self-awareness of cognitive impairment

75 subjects, 52 HIV+ and 23 HIV- but considering themselves to be at risk for HIV, completed a psychosocial interview based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), the Patient's Assessment of Own Functioning (PAOF) questionnaire, and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Subjects were then categorized into one of three clinical impairment groups and one of three self-reported impairment groups. Based upon the differences between their clinical impairment group and self-reported impairment group, subjects were classified as being aware, having limited awareness, or having poor awareness. Factors correlated with deficits in awareness included age and performance on the Digit Symbol test and a test of simple reaction time. In addition, those with more severe cognitive impairment were less aware than those who were normal or borderline. A one-way ANOVA suggested that the poor awareness group differed significantly from both the aware and limited awareness groups on the Digit Symbol test and the Rey Figure Immediate and Delayed Recall. The aware and limited awareness groups were not significantly different for any factor. Overall, poor awareness was associated with poorer test performance. In those with HIV/AIDS, age was inversely related to self-awareness, with those who were older and impaired demonstrating better awareness than those who were younger and impaired. This research has implications for understanding poor awareness in HIV/AIDS and for creating appropriate and effective rehabilitation plans.
Synthesis of Nanosilica Fillers for Experimental Dental Nanocomposites and Their Characterisations

The aim of this study was to synthesise nanosilica fillers for use in the fabrication of experimental dental nanocomposites and to evaluate their properties, including surface and mechanical properties. Monodispersed, spherical silica nanoparticles were synthesised via a sol-gel process, and a size range of 10-20 nm was obtained. Surface treatment of the nanosilica was carried out with the silane coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) to reduce agglomeration of nanosilica. Experimental dental nanocomposites with two different filler contents, 30 and 35 wt%, were fabricated and polymerised with a light curing unit for 40 s. The surface morphology, surface roughness, flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated and compared. A nanocomposite with 35% filler content showed higher filler compaction, lower surface roughness and higher elastic modulus than a nanocomposite filled with 30% filler. However, the nanocomposite filled with 30% filler content showed higher flexural strength. Based on the results obtained, the synthesised nanosilica is a promising material for the fabrication of dental nanocomposites for tooth-filling applications.
Wrocław: Image of the City in the Years 1997-2007. Places Liked and Disliked

The image of a city can be a subject of various academic disciplines, such as urban sociology, psychology or marketing. This article presents preliminary findings of socio-spatial research conducted in Wroclaw, Poland in the years 1997 and 2007. The study shows that the image of the city changes quite slowly compared to the rapid development of the landscape. The most liked and disliked places remained generally the same during the considered period, notwithstanding the improving quality of built-up areas. The main difference arises in the average number of answers given by each respondent, suggesting that the general attitude towards the city becomes more critical.
Analysis of a rate-based control strategy with delayed feedback

In this paper we analyze a class of delayed feedback schemes that achieves the dual goal of keeping buffers small and utilizations high, despite propagation delays and regardless of network rates. We analyze delayed feedback schemes as a system of delay-differential equations, in which we model the queue-length process and the rate at which a source transmits data as fluids. We assume that a stream of acknowledgements carries information about the state of a bottleneck queue back to the source, which adapts its transmission rate according to any monotone function of that state. We show stability for this class of schemes, in that their rate of transmission and queue length rapidly converge to a small neighborhood of the designed operating point. We identify the appropriate scaling of the model's parameters for the system to perform optimally.
Intrusion Detection via System Call Traces

Unusual behavior in computer systems can be detected by monitoring the system calls being executed by programs. Analysis of the temporal ordering of these calls reveals that such anomalies are localized within traces and that normal program behavior can be described compactly using deterministic finite automata. This article presents preliminary work in analyzing system call traces, particularly their structure during normal and anomalous behavior.
High Performance , Low Power Sensor Platforms Featuring Gigabyte Scale Storage

Sensor applications have now touched onto the realms of real-time data processing involving algorithms as sophisticated as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering and Cepstrum. Moreover since typical sensor networks employ devices based on a simplistic microcontroller, it would be rather inefficient vis-à-vis utilization of energy resources to employ it for applications other than the most mundane "Sense and Send". Our research provides a vista to envision a powerful yet energy efficient sensor node architecture. To this end, we have developed a sensor co-processing (CoS) architecture integrated with an System on Chip (SoC) based host platform for higher performance sensing needs, coupled with an interface integrating up to gigabyte scale energy efficient data storage system, which simultaneously satisfies the constraints of low power consumption and a small form factor. Our CoS architecture consumes 24 times less energy than other prevalent uni-processor sensor node architectures while computing FFT. We also demonstrate significant energy savings up to 70 times, via our in-situ data storage and query evaluation mechanism viz. the " Sense and Store " approach.
Early Consensus in Message-Passing Systems Enriched with a Perfect Failure Detector and Its Application in the Theta Model

While lots of consensus algorithms have been proposed for crash-prone asynchronous message-passing systems enriched with a failure detector of the class Ω (the class of eventual leader failure detectors), very few algorithms have been proposed for systems enriched with a failure detector of the class P (the class of perfect failure detectors). Moreover, (to the best of our knowledge) the early decision and stopping notion has not been investigated in such systems. This paper presents an early-deciding/stopping P-based consensus algorithm. A process that does not crash decides (and stops) in at most min(f+2, t+1) rounds, where t is the maximum number of processes that may crash, and f the actual number of crashes (0≤ f≤ t). Differently from what occurs in a synchronous system, a perfect failure detector notifies failures asynchronously. This makes the design of an early deciding (and stopping) algorithm not trivial. Interestingly enough, the proposed algorithm meets the lower bound on the number of rounds for early decision in synchronous systems. In that sense, it is optimal. The paper then presents an original algorithm that implements a perfect failure detector in the Theta model, an interesting model that achieves some form of synchrony without relying on physical clocks. Hence, the stacking of these algorithms provides an algorithm that solves consensus in the Theta model in min(f+2, t+1) communication rounds, i.e., in two rounds when there are no failures, which is clearly optimal.
Lipid Rafts Mediate the Synaptic Localization of α-Synuclein

α-Synuclein contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its precise role in the disorder and its normal function remain poorly understood. Consistent with a presumed role in neurotransmitter release and its prominent deposition in the dystrophic neurites of PD, α-synuclein localizes almost exclusively to the nerve terminal. In brain extracts, however, α-synuclein behaves as a soluble, monomeric protein. Using a binding assay to characterize the association of α-synuclein with cell membranes, we find that α-synuclein binds saturably and with high affinity to characteristic intracellular structures that double label for components of lipid rafts. Biochemical analysis demonstrates the interaction of α-synuclein with detergent-resistant membranes and reveals a shift in electrophoretic mobility of the raft-associated protein. In addition, the A30P mutation associated with PD disrupts the interaction of α-synuclein with lipid rafts. Furthermore, we find that both the A30P mutation and raft disruption redistribute α-synuclein away from synapses, indicating an important role for raft association in the normal function of α-synuclein and its role in the pathogenesis of PD.
Accurate localization by fusing images and GPS signals

Localization in 3D is an important problem with wide ranging applications from autonomous navigation in robotics to location specific services on mobile devices. GPS sensors are a commercially viable option for localization, and are ubiquitous in their use, especially in portable devices. With the proliferation of mobile cameras however, maturing localization algorithms based on computer vision are emerging as a viable alternative. Although both vision and GPS based localization algorithms have many limitations and inaccuracies, there are some interesting complimentarities in their success/failure scenarios that justify an investigation into their joint utilization. Such investigations are further justified considering that many of the modern wearable and mobile computing devices come with sensors for both GPS and vision. In this work, we investigate approaches to reinforce GPS localization with vision algorithms and vice versa. Specifically, we show how noisy GPS signals can be rectified by vision based localization of images captured in the vicinity. Alternatively, we also show how GPS readouts might be used to disambiguate images when they are visually similar looking but belong to different places. Finally, we empirically validate our solutions to show that fusing both these approaches can result in a more accurate and reliable localization of videos captured with a Contour action camera, over a 600 meter long path, over 10 different days.
Evolution of Reperfusion Therapies for Acute Brain and Acute Myocardial Ischemia: A Systematic, Comparative Analysis

Background and Purpose— Early reperfusion is the most effective therapy for both acute brain and cardiac ischemia. However, the cervicocephalic circulatory bed offers more challenges to recanalization interventions. The historical development of reperfusion interventions has not previously been systematically compared. Methods— Medline search identified all multi-arm, controlled trials of coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction and multicenter trials of cerebral revascularization for acute ischemic stroke reporting angiographic reperfusion rates. Results— Thirty-seven trials of coronary reperfusion enrolled 10 908 patients from 1983 to 2009, and 10 trials of cerebral reperfusion enrolled 1064 patients from 1992 to 2009. Coronary reperfusion trials included 10 of intravenous fibrinolysis alone, 8 combined intravenous fibrinolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with or without stenting, 3 intra-arterial fibrinolysis, and 16 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with or without stenting. Cerebral reperfusion trials included 1 of intravenous fibrinolysis alone, 3 intra-arterial fibrinolysis, 3 endovascular device alone, and 3 of endovascular treatment ± intravenous fibrinolysis. In both circulatory beds, endovascular treatments were more efficacious at achieving reperfusion than peripherally administered fibrinolytics. In the coronary bed, rates of achieved reperfusion began at high levels in the 1980s and improved modestly over the subsequent 3 decades. In the cerebral bed, reperfusion rates began at modest levels in the early 1990s and increased more slowly. Most recently, in 2005 to 2009, cardiac reperfusion rates substantially exceeded cerebral, partial reperfusion 86.1% versus 61.1%, complete reperfusion 78.6% versus 23.4%. Conclusions— Reperfusion therapies developed more slowly and remain less effective for cerebral than cardiac ischemia. Further, cerebral circulation–specific technical advances are required for physicians to become as capable at safely restoring blood flow to the ischemic brain as the ischemic heart.
Turkey’s possible membership of the European Union from a cultural perspective

Even though Turkey’s odyssey to become an EU member started in 1959, EU membership is still not in sight. The existing literature identifies the barriers to Turkey’s EU membership to be of political, economic, and foreign-policy nature. While cultural dissimilarities of Turkey vis-á-vis the EU have been mentioned on many occasions, they have rarely been a subject of scientific inquiry. This paper focuses on the cultural aspects of the Turkey–EU relations by employing the World Values Survey for Turkey, the EU, and the Muslim world. The empirical results indicate that Turkey’s shared values are between those in the EU countries and in the Muslim world, reflecting the country’s dualistic cultural landscape. Religiosity has been increasing in Turkey, accompanied by an increasing tendency toward traditionalism and a decline of confidence in the EU. Regression results confirm that higher religiosity increases the chance of higher justifiability of traditional values, stronger criticism of democracy, and lower confidence in the EU. From the critical and liberal constructivist approach, Turkey’s cultural dissimilarity matters for possible EU membership.
Miracles and Monstrosities

John Dewey was inspired by what he termed “the miracle of shared experience and shared communication. ” His faith in the power of individuals working in democratic association also included warnings of a darker side, the “monstrosities” that individuals can become when they live and work in isolation from others. In this father-son letter exchange, two educators, one mid-career and the other with the perspective of several decades, consider the contemporary relevance of Dewey’s teachings, as well as the failings of the progressive education story. At the heart of this critique is a challenge to teachers and students to create and embrace powerful identity narratives—individual and collective—to anchor our work in schools and enhance our maturation as a society.
Controlling the Mediterranean space through surveillance. The politics and discourse of surveillance as an all-encompassing solution to EU maritime border management issues

The efforts to strengthen the control over the European Union’s (EU) external borders currently revolve around the reinforcement of the surveillance capabilities of the Member States. The European Border Surveillance System, EUROSUR, is supposed to be operational by October 2013, and will enable the Member States to share surveillance data, with the aim of improving the coordination of their responses. The initiative is driven by political motivations (reducing irregular migration into Europe), security objectives (preventing cross-border crime) and a more humanitarian aim (to reduce the death toll at sea among migrants seeking to cross the Mediterranean), with an overarching belief in surveillance technologies as the ultimate way to solve these issues. By virtually pushing the effective border of the EU further out, this future surveillance system however raises a range of legal and ethical dilemmas. This article analyzes the discourse legitimating the need for a more robust surveillance capability at the external borders of the EU, by looking at what can be qualified as the main “drivers”, but also the main points of contention, or “obstacles”, in the process of establishing such a system. It argues that the fundamental belief in surveillance technologies as the ultimate tool to solve the challenges at play along the external border of the EU is such that it only meets the geographical obstacles and legal and ethical dilemmas with a call for more surveillance and more information sharing.