Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trisomy 12 defines a group of CLL with atypical morphology: correlation between cytogenetic, clinical and laboratory features in 544 patients

We have analysed the clinical and laboratory features in 544 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with available cytogenetics and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for trisomy 12 in half of them, to examine the correlation between chromosome abnormalities and clinical or laboratory parameters. Five chromosome groups were defined: (1) trisomy 12 (18%), detected as the sole abnormality or associated with other changes; (2) del(13)(q12–14) (7%); (3) other abnormal karyotypes (20%); (4) normal karyotype (41%); and (5) no divisions (14%). There were no differences in the age distribution between the five groups. Clinical stages (Binet) were: A (74%), B (12%) and C (14%). Stage A was common in cases with del(13q)(82%), normal (84%) and other abnormal karyotypes (74%), whereas it was less common in trisomy 12 cases (64%) and those with no divisions (48%). Typical CLL morphology was found in 83% of cases; 10% had more than 10% prolymphocytes (CLL/PL) and 7% had other atypical features. CLL with trisomy 12 was the only group with a high frequency of either CLL/PL (31%) or atypical morphology (24%). Atypical morphology and CLL/PL were even more frequent when trisomy 12 was associated with other chromosomal abnormalities (70% v 46%). The incidence of cases with CLL/PL and other atypical morphology was significantly lower in the other chromosome groups (P<0.001. There were no differences in immunophenotype among the various groups except for a higher frequency of stronger Smlg and FMC7 expression in cases with trisomy 12, particularly those with CLL/PL and other atypical morphology. Our findings confirm that trisomy 12 defines a subgroup of CLL with more frequent atypical morphology, including CLL/PL, stronger SmIg and FMC7 expression, more advanced stages (B and C in 18%) and possibly worse prognosis.
Constraints on task switching in multielement tracking and visual search

Pylyshyn, Z. , & Storm, R. W. (1988). Tracking multiple independent targets:evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism. Spatial Vision, 3, 179-197. Sperling, G. , & Dosher, B. A. (1986). Strategy and optimization in human information processing. In K. Boff & L. Kaufman & J. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of Perception and Performance. New York: Wiley. Sperling, G. , & Melchner, M. J. (1978). The attention operating characteristic: examples from visual search. Science, 202(4365), 315-318. Wolfe, J. M. (1998). What do 1,000,000 trials tell us about visual search? Psychological Science, 9(1), 33-39. H Y P O T H E S E S BLACK TRACKING TASK: keep track of five of ten black disks
Fractals Take a Central Place

The geometry of central place theory is shown to be a (small) proper'subset of the geometry of fractal curves: curves of fractional dimension which have only recently been displayed in a graphically provocative manner as computer-generated images (Mandelbrot 1977; 1983). The exact procedure for making this correspondence between a theory from economics and geography with one from pure mathematics is displayed in the text. It lends itself to replication by hand or by machine. As is usual with alignments of this sort, a wide variety of related projects follows naturally; some of these are indicated at appropriate points in the text.
Complex Event-Participant Planning and Its Incremental Variant

In recent years, online Event Based Social Network (EBSN) platforms have become increasingly popular. One typical task of EBSN platforms is to help users make suitable and personalized plans for participating in different interesting social events. Existing techniques either ignore the minimumparticipant requirement constraint for each event, which is crucially needed for some events to be held successfully, or assume that events would not change once announced. In this paper, we address the above inadequacies of existing EBSN techniques. We formally define the Global Event Planning with Constraints (GEPC) problem, and its incremental variant. We prove that both are NP-hard, and provide approximate solutions. Finally, we verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithms through extensive experiments over real and synthetic datasets.
Drug inhibition of HDAC3 and epigenetic control of differentiation in Apicomplexa parasites

Plasmodium and Toxoplasma are parasites of major medical importance that belong to the Apicomplexa phylum of protozoa. These parasites transform into various stages during their life cycle and express a specific set of proteins at each stage. Although little is yet known of how gene expression is controlled in Apicomplexa, histone modifications, particularly acetylation, are emerging as key regulators of parasite differentiation and stage conversion. We investigated the anti-Apicomplexa effect of FR235222, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). We show that FR235222 is active against a variety of Apicomplexa genera, including Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, and is more potent than other HDACi's such as trichostatin A and the clinically relevant compound pyrimethamine. We identify T. gondii HDAC3 (TgHDAC3) as the target of FR235222 in Toxoplasma tachyzoites and demonstrate the crucial role of the conserved and Apicomplexa HDAC-specific residue TgHDAC3 T99 in the inhibitory activity of the drug. We also show that FR235222 induces differentiation of the tachyzoite (replicative) into the bradyzoite (nonreplicative) stage. Additionally, via its anti-TgHDAC3 activity, FR235222 influences the expression of ∼370 genes, a third of which are stage-specifically expressed. These results identify FR235222 as a potent HDACi of Apicomplexa, and establish HDAC3 as a central regulator of gene expression and stage conversion in Toxoplasma and, likely, other Apicomplexa.
The building blocks for specifying communication behavior of complex objects: an activity-driven approach

Communication behavior represents dynamic evolution and cooperation of a group of objects in accomplishing a task. It is an important feature in object-oriented systems. We propose the concept of activity as a basic building block for declarative specification of communication behavior in object-oriented database systems, including the temporal ordering of message exchanges within object communication and the behavioral relationships between activity executions. We formally introduce two kinds of activity composition mechanisms: activity specialization and activity aggregation for abstract implementation of communication behavior. The former is suited for behavioral refinement of existing activities into specialized activities. The latter is used for behavioral composition of simpler activities into complex activities, and ultimately, into the envisaged database system. We use first-order temporal logic as an underlying formalism for specification of communication constraints. The well known Air-traffic-control case is used as a running example to highlight the underlying concepts, to illustrate the usefulness, and to assess the effectiveness of the activity model for declarative specification of communication behavior in the relevant universe of discourse. We also propose a methodological framework for integrating activity schema with entity schema in an object-oriented design environment.
Exploring Nested Identities

Although scholars theorize that identities are layered or nested within one another, little is understood about whether, how, and what layers are expressed by individuals. Such understanding could offer insight into organizational membership decisions, particularly within voluntary organizations where financial incentives are not involved. This study used semi-structured interviews to explore how individuals articulate identities and identification sources when discussing their desire to join and continue participation in a community choir, a voluntary leisure organization. The findings highlight how specific individual activities and higher order nested family and music identities, in addition to the more traditional organizational identifications, all play into membership decisions. The results also suggest that identity researchers and voluntary organization managers may benefit from focusing more attention on (a) higher order and cross-cutting social category identities, (b) individual activities in the organizations, and (c) the isomorphism among different layers of identity and identification.
Three-factor control protocol based on elliptic curve cryptosystem for universal serial bus mass storage devices

This study proposes a three-factor control protocol for universal serial bus (USB) on an elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC). USB is a universal interface used in an enormous number of devices. It has become the most popular interface standard for computer connections. However, since USB provides high transmission speed and is very convenient to carry, many workplace and commercial establishments have prohibited their employees from using USB devices. This precaution is an important way to prevent confidential data leaks via USB devices, as USB connections lack security management. Therefore the authors use a three-factor control protocol to ensure the security of USB connections. The proposed authentication protocol combines biometric, password and smart card to provide high security on the USB mutual authentication. To provide secure and efficient transmission between the user and the USB server, the proposed protocol adopts ECC to encrypt data. Compared to other encryption methods, the proposed protocol uses much smaller key sizes. As a further benefit, this protocol reduces the smart card computational cost and provides an efficient transmission for USB devices. This new scheme improves the security, efficiency and usability of the authentication process. More studies on USB are needed.
Group location management for mobile subscribers on transportation systems in mobile communication networks

We propose a new location tracking scheme for subscribers on transportation systems (TSs) in which a large number of fast-moving users have the same location as the TS. The group location tracking (GLT) scheme in which a group location update is performed instead of the IS-41's individual location update has been proposed. We propose a distributed GLT (DGLT) scheme based on several virtual visitor location registers (VVLRs) and representative identities. We analyze the GLT and DGLT schemes in view of the database (DB) access cost as well as the signaling cost under one-dimensional network architecture. Compared with the IS-41 scheme, the schemes based on group management generally have a lower signaling cost and a lower DB access cost due to a significant reduction in the number of location updates. As user mobility increases or the number of users on a TS increases, the performance of the group management schemes improves. The DGLT scheme, in which a corresponding home location register selects a closest VVLR among several possible VVLRs, generally has a lower signaling cost although a DB access cost is increased slightly compared with the GLT scheme. We also obtain the regions in which the DGLT is more efficient than the IS-41 and the GLT scheme. The DGLT scheme is an appropriate solution for high signaling cost systems and the GLT scheme is useful for high DB access cost systems.
Secure Cluster Head Election Using Mark Based Exclusion in Wireless Sensor Networks

In clustered sensor networks, because CHs (Cluster Heads) are the collection points of data, they are likely to be compromise targets of attackers. So, they need to be changed through a CH election scheme as frequently as possible. Besides, because the compromised nodes must try to become a CH, a CH election scheme should prevent them from being a CH. This paper presents a secure CH election scheme for clustered sensor networks, which changes the CH role nodes securely by excluding the compromised nodes from CH candidates. In the proposed scheme, each node gives marks for behavior of all other nodes in the same CH election region and exchanges the mark list with them. Then, each node computes the average marks for all nodes in the region, and nodes whose average mark is less than a specific threshold are excluded from CH candidates. A CH is elected among the remaining candidates. Simulation results show that our scheme provides strong resilience against misbehavior of compromised nodes and reduces energy consumption of nodes. Another simulation results show that our scheme well operates in the environment where some packets are often lost.
Serum adipocytokine profile and metabolic syndrome in young adult female dermatomyositis patients

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the frequency of metabolic syndrome in young adult female dermatomyositis patients and its possible association with clinical and laboratory dermatomyositis-related features and serum adipocytokines. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 35 dermatomyositis patients and 48 healthy controls. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the 2009 Joint Interim Statement. RESULTS: Patient age was comparable in the dermatomyositis and control groups, and the median disease duration was 1.0 year. An increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome was detected in the dermatomyositis group (34.3% vs. 6.3%; p=0.001). In addition, increased serum adiponectin and resistin levels were noted in contrast to lower leptin levels. In dermatomyositis patients, adipocytokine levels were correlated with the levels of total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triglycerides and muscle enzymes. A comparison of dermatomyositis patients with (n=12) and without (n=23) syndrome metabolic revealed that adipocytokine levels were also correlated with age, and that dermatomyositis patients with metabolic syndrome tended to have more disease activity despite similar adipocytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in young adult female dermatomyositis patients and is related to age and disease activity. Moreover, increased serum adiponectin and resistin levels were detected in dermatomyositis patients, but lower serum leptin levels were observed.
Future trends in global blindness

The objective of this review is to discuss the available data on the prevalence and causes of global blindness, and some of the associated trends and limitations seen. A literature search was conducted using the terms “global AND blindness” and “global AND vision AND impairment”, resulting in seven appropriate articles for this review. Since 1990 the estimate of global prevalence of blindness has gradually decreased when considering the best corrected visual acuity definition: 0.71% in 1990, 0.59% in 2002, and 0.55% in 2010, corresponding to a 0.73% reduction per year over the 2002–2010 period. Significant limitations were found in the comparability between the global estimates in prevalence or causes of blindness or visual impairment. These limitations arise from various factors such as uncertainties about the true cause of the impairment, the use of different definitions and methods, and the absence of data from a number of geographical areas, leading to various extrapolation methods, which in turn seriously limit comparability. Seminal to this discussion on limitations in the comparability of studies and data, is that blindness has historically been defined using best corrected visual acuity.
Whom are you looking for?: the effects of different player representation relations on the presence in gaze-based games

In this paper, we investigate the influence of different loci of manipulation relations (position of the player's ability to assert control) on presence. Novel game input devices (such as Microsoft Kinect or PlayStation Move) contribute to presence, and allow a broad range of game interactions, such as using facial expressions, gaze or head movement. This increase of complexity has led to some interesting design challenges: in a typical game design the setup of the locus of manipulation is quite simple as there is only one. For instance, the player uses a gamepad to move a game character through an obstacle course. However, design decisions get more complicated, when a game design includes more than just one input device and a second locus of manipulation. Does the relation of the two loci of manipulation have an impact on the perceived presence? To address this topic we utilized eye tracking technology, and carried out a comparative study consisting of four scenarios based on a 2D platform game. Three scenarios are controlled using an eye tracking device and a gamepad. They differ in their relation between the player character and the avatar. The 4th scenario is solely controlled with the gamepad. Results revealed that the inclusion of gaze input to investigate this issue proved to be very effective. It was discovered that the relation between the loci of manipulation has a strong influence on the perceived presence and its sub-dimensions.
Doubling Your Payoff: Winning Pain Relief Engages Endogenous Pain Inhibition1,2,3

Abstract When in pain, pain relief is much sought after, particularly for individuals with chronic pain. In analogy to augmentation of the hedonic experience (“liking”) of a reward by the motivation to obtain a reward (“wanting”), the seeking of pain relief in a motivated state might increase the experience of pain relief when obtained. We tested this hypothesis in a psychophysical experiment in healthy human subjects, by assessing potential pain-inhibitory effects of pain relief “won” in a wheel of fortune game compared with pain relief without winning, exploiting the fact that the mere chance of winning induces a motivated state. The results show pain-inhibitory effects of pain relief obtained by winning in behaviorally assessed pain perception and ratings of pain intensity. Further, the higher participants scored on the personality trait novelty seeking, the more pain inhibition was induced. These results provide evidence that pain relief, when obtained in a motivated state, engages endogenous pain-inhibitory systems beyond the pain reduction that underlies the relief in the first place. Consequently, such pain relief might be used to improve behavioral pain therapy, inducing a positive, perhaps self-amplifying feedback loop of reduced pain and improved functionality.
Monolayer Stress Microscopy: Limitations, Artifacts, and Accuracy of Recovered Intercellular Stresses

In wound healing, tissue growth, and certain cancers, the epithelial or the endothelial monolayer sheet expands. Within the expanding monolayer sheet, migration of the individual cell is strongly guided by physical forces imposed by adjacent cells. This process is called plithotaxis and was discovered using Monolayer Stress Microscopy (MSM). MSM rests upon certain simplifying assumptions, however, concerning boundary conditions, cell material properties and system dimensionality. To assess the validity of these assumptions and to quantify associated errors, here we report new analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations. For several commonly used experimental monolayer systems, the simplifying assumptions used previously lead to errors that are shown to be quite small. Out‐of‐plane components of displacement and traction fields can be safely neglected, and characteristic features of intercellular stresses that underlie plithotaxis remain largely unaffected. Taken together, these findings validate Monolayer Stress Microscopy within broad but well‐defined limits of applicability. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (BFU2009–07595), the European Research Council (Grant Agreement 242993) and the National Institutes of Health (R01HL102373, R01HL107561).
The effect of patient-selected music on early postoperative pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic profile in cesarean section surgery.

BACKGROUND After cesarean section surgery, routine pharmacologic methods of analgesia--opioids and benzodiazepines--may impair the immediate close contact of mother and neonate for their sedative and emetic effects. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effect of patient-selected music on postoperative pain, anxiety, opioid requirement, and hemodynamic profile. METHODS A total of 80 patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, scheduled to undergo general anesthesia and elective cesarean section surgery were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to receive 30 minutes of music or silence via headphones postoperatively. Pain and anxiety were measured with a visual analogue scale. Total postoperative morphine requirement as well as blood pressure and heart rate were recorded after the intervention period. RESULTS Pain score and postoperative cumulative opioid consumption were significantly lower among patients in the music group (p < 0.05), while there were no group differences in terms of anxiety score, blood pressure, or heart rate (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative use of patient-selected music in cesarean section surgery would alleviate the pain and reduce the need for other analgesics, thus improving the recovery and early contact of mothers with their children.
The Re:Search Engine Helping People Return to Information on the Web

Re-finding information is commonly cited as a problem on the Web. One reason re-finding on the Web is difficult is that while people rely on a considerable amount of context to return to information (e.g., the original path taken to it), the Web makes no guarantee that the context will remain static. The Re:Search Engine is designed to help people return to information in the dynamic environment of the Web by maintaining consistency in the search results it returns across time. For example, if Connie, while looking to purchase a Global Positioning System, found several systems she liked via a search for “GPS”, she would expect to be able to use the same query to locate the exact same systems again. However, simply returning the original result list when she re-issues the query might omit newly available GPS systems that she would like to see. The ideal result list would contain both the systems Connie remembers having seen and high quality new systems. Because people tend to remember little of what is presented in a result list, when a person repeats a query, the Re:Search Engine can preserve what is remembered about the original result set while still presenting new information. Categor ies and Subject Descr iptors H.3. 3 [Information Storage and Retr ieval]: Information Search and Retrieval – Search process, Relevance feedback. H.5. 2 [Information Inter faces and Presentation (e.g., HCI)]: User Interfaces.
Self-Esteem and Defensiveness: An Analysis of the Self-Esteem Inventory

A structural equation model was developed to examine the relationships between the self-esteem and defensiveness scales of the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Data were analysed for a sample of over 800 New Zealand children using methods of confirmatory factor analysis. The fitted model suggested that the data were consistent with an hierarchical model in which the observed self-esteem scores were fallible indicators of self-esteem in four specific areas of experience. These areas in turn were subsumed by a higher-order factor of global self-esteem. The model also suggested that defensive responding systematically contaminated the subjects' over-all reporting of self-esteem. Model estimates showed that between 28% and 54% of the variance in the self-esteem indicators arose from random errors of measurement and a further 1% to 3% was due to the effects of defensiveness. It is suggested that confirmatory factor analytic methods should be used in further analyses of the relationship between self-esteem and other measures to take account of possible biases arising from these sources.