Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive iterative learning control for nonlinearly parameterised systems with unknown time-varying delays and input saturations

In this work, an adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) scheme is proposed to address a class of nonlinearly parameterised systems with both unknown time-varying delays and input saturations. By incorporating a saturation function, a novel iterative learning control mechanism is constructed with a feedback term in the time domain and a fully saturated adaptive learning term in the iteration domain, which is used to estimate the unknown time-varying system uncertainty. A new time-weighted Lyapunov–Krasovskii-like composite energy function (LKL-CEF) is designed for the convergence analysis where time-weighted inputs, states and estimates of system uncertainty are all considered. Despite the existence of time-varying parametric uncertainties, time-varying delays, input saturations and local Lipschitz nonlinearities, the learning convergence is guaranteed with rigorous mathematical analysis. Simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method further.
THE ALGEBRAIC AND ANABELIAN GEOMETRY OF CONFIGURATION SPACES

In this paper, we study the pro-Σ fundamental groups of configuration spaces, where Σ is either the set of all prime numbers or a set consisting of a single prime number. In particular, we show, via two somewhat distinct approaches, that, in many cases, the “fiber subgroups” of such fundamental groups arising from the various natural projections of a configuration space to lower-dimensional configuration spaces may be characterized group-theoretically.
Genomic Microbial Epidemiology Is Needed to Comprehend the Global Problem of Antibiotic Resistance and to Improve Pathogen Diagnosis

Contamination of waste effluent from hospitals and intensive food animal production with antimicrobial residues is an immense global problem. Antimicrobial residues exert selection pressures that influence the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in diverse microbial populations. Despite these concerns there is only a limited understanding of how antimicrobial residues contribute to the global problem of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, rapid detection of emerging bacterial pathogens and strains with resistance to more than one antibiotic class remains a challenge. A comprehensive, sequence-based genomic epidemiological surveillance model that captures essential microbial metadata is needed, both to improve surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and to monitor pathogen evolution. Escherichia coli is an important pathogen causing both intestinal [intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC)] and extraintestinal [extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)] disease in humans and food animals. ExPEC are the most frequently isolated Gram negative pathogen affecting human health, linked to food production practices and are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Cattle are a known reservoir of IPEC but they are not recognized as a source of ExPEC that impact human or animal health. In contrast, poultry are a recognized source of multiple antibiotic resistant ExPEC, while swine have received comparatively less attention in this regard. Here, we review what is known about ExPEC in swine and how pig production contributes to the problem of antibiotic resistance.
The Dynamics of Radicalization : A Relational and Comparative Perspective

Preface Acknowedgments List of Figures and Tables Acronyms Chapter One: Introduction: Social movements, Contentious Politics, and Radicalization Chapter Two: Theorizing and Comparing Radicalization: A Relational Framework Chapter Three: The Italian Extra-Parliamentary Left Movement and Brigate Rosse (1969-1978) Chapter Four: The Cypriot Enosis Movement and EOKA (1945-1959) Chapter Five: The Salafi Transnational Jihad Movement and al-Qaeda (1984-2001) Chapter Six: Processes of Radicalization: Dissimilarities in Similarities Chapter Seven: Non-Radicalization and Radicalization in Reverse Chapter Eight: The Relational Dynamics of Radicalization: Conclusion Appendix: Sub-Mechanism Types and Definitions Notes References Index
AdS_7/CFT_6 Correspondence and Matrix Models of M5-Branes

We study the large N limit of matrix models of M5-branes, or (2,0) six-dimensional superconformal field theories, by making use of the Bulk/Boundary correspondence. Our emphasis is on the relation between the near-horizon limit of branes and the light-like limit of M-theory. In particular we discuss a conformal symmetry in the D0 + D4 system, and interpret it as a conformal symmetry in the discrete light-cone formulation of M5-branes. We also compute two-point functions of scalars by applying the conjecture for the AdS/CFT correspondence to the near-horizon geometry of boosted M5-branes. We find an expected result up to a point subtle, but irrelevant to the IR behavior of the theory. Our analysis matches with the Seiberg and Sen's argument of a justification for the matrix model of M-theory.
Technology Access and Smartphone App Preferences for Medication Adherence in Adolescents and Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease

Hydroxyurea is the only Food and Drug Administration approved medication for sickle cell disease (SCD) with short‐ and long‐term benefits for both morbidity and mortality. However, hydroxyurea underutilization and adherence remain challenges for patients with SCD. The objectives of this study were to determine access to technology among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with SCD and to identify their preferred technology‐based strategies for improving medication adherence.
Permutation Entropy Applied to the Characterization of the Clinical Evolution of Epileptic Patients under PharmacologicalTreatment

Different techniques originated in information theory and tools from nonlinear systems theory have been applied to the analysis of electro-physiological time series. Several clinically relevant results have emerged from the use of concepts, such as entropy, chaos and complexity, in analyzing electrocardiograms and electroencephalographic (EEG) records. In this work, we develop a method based on permutation entropy (PE) to characterize EEG records from different stages in the treatment of a chronic epileptic patient. Our results show that the PE is useful for clearly quantifying the evolution of the patient along a certain lapse of time and allows visualizing in a very convenient way the effects of the pharmacotherapy.
A Research on Knowledge Management to Promote Enterprise Original Innovation

With the advent of the knowledge economy, knowledge has become one of the most important fundamental resource fors innovation. Based on analyzing the bottleneck of enterprise original innovation and combined with related contents of knowledge management, the paper researches how knowledge management promotes enterprise original innovation, from the aspects of knowledge standardization, knowledge effectiveness, knowledge capitalization, knowledge entitlement and cultural knowledge.
STICKING TOGETHER: MOVEMENT OF MARINE MAMMALS AND RESPONSE TO UNDERWATER NOISE

Marine mammals use vocalisations for a number of purposes: in locating food and underwater obstacles, and to maintain contact with members of their family group. These sounds are loud in comparison with the ambient background, but are subject to masking due to underwater noise sources such as tidal turbines. We developed a model of animal movement which implements simple behavioural rules to allow group cohesion. We discuss some general features of group behaviour, and approaches to validation of the model using empirical data. Including external sources of noise can lead to loss of contact between group members. However, animals can take various measures to deal with these effects, such as more frequent vocalisation or “panic” swimming in response to sounds.
Does Private Regulation Preempt Public Regulation?

Previous research has emphasized corporate lobbying as a pathway through which businesses influence government policy. This article examines a less-studied mode of influence: private regulation, defined as voluntary efforts by firms to restrain their own behavior. We argue that firms can use modest private regulations as a political strategy to preempt more stringent public regulations. To test this hypothesis, we administered experiments to three groups that demand environmental regulations: voters, activists, and government officials. Our experiments revealed how each group responded to voluntary environmental programs (VEPs) by firms. Relatively modest VEPs dissuaded all three groups from seeking more draconian government regulations, a finding with important implications for social welfare. We observed these effects most strongly when all companies within an industry joined the voluntary effort. Our study documents an understudied source of corporate power, while also exposing the limits of private regulation as a strategy for influencing government policy.
Bone modeling and remodeling: potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis

The adult skeleton is renewed by remodeling throughout life. Bone remodeling is a process where osteoclasts and osteoblasts work sequentially in the same bone remodeling unit. After the attainment of peak bone mass, bone remodeling is balanced and bone mass is stable for one or two decades until age-related bone loss begins. Age-related bone loss is caused by increases in resorptive activity and reduced bone formation. The relative importance of cortical remodeling increases with age as cancellous bone is lost and remodeling activity in both compartments increases. Bone modeling describes the process whereby bones are shaped or reshaped by the independent action of osteoblast and osteoclasts. The activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are not necessarily coupled anatomically or temporally. Bone modeling defines skeletal development and growth but continues throughout life. Modeling-based bone formation contributes to the periosteal expansion, just as remodeling-based resorption is responsible for the medullary expansion seen at the long bones with aging. Existing and upcoming treatments affect remodeling as well as modeling. Teriparatide stimulates bone formation, 70% of which is remodeling based and 20–30% is modeling based. The vast majority of modeling represents overflow from remodeling units rather than de novo modeling. Denosumab inhibits bone remodeling but is permissive for modeling at cortex. Odanacatib inhibits bone resorption by inhibiting cathepsin K activity, whereas modeling-based bone formation is stimulated at periosteal surfaces. Inhibition of sclerostin stimulates bone formation and histomorphometric analysis demonstrated that bone formation is predominantly modeling based. The bone-mass response to some osteoporosis treatments in humans certainly suggests that nonremodeling mechanisms contribute to this response and bone modeling may be such a mechanism. To date, this has only been demonstrated for teriparatide, however, it is clear that rediscovering a phenomenon that was first observed more half a century ago will have an important impact on our understanding of how new antifracture treatments work.
Requirement Elicitation Based on Goals with Security and Privacy Policies in Electronic Commerce

This paper describes a method for requirements elicitation based on goals for electronic commerce systems in agreement with security and privacy polices of the site. The method integrates the UWA approach [18] with the GBRAM method [3] for developing requirements policies for secure electronic commerce systems. The resulting method has the objective to guarantee that existing security and privacy policies do not become obsolete with the adoption of new functionalities to a site. For this purpose, the method provides means so that requirements elicitation is in conformity with other ones. In case organizations have not established its policies, the proposed approach suggests models through which it is possible the creation of such policies. The method still presents a model for requirements specification document in agreement with the approach described in this work. It seeks to establish a standard to specify software requirements to be useful for the development teams, in an attempt to facilitate the construction of systems, analyses, and for future maintenances or increment of functionalities to the site.
Rain detection and removal algorithm using motion-compensated non-local mean filter

This paper proposed a novel rain detection and removal algorithm robust against camera motions. It is very difficult to detect and remove rain in video with camera motion. So, most previous works assume that camera is fixed. However, these methods are not useful for application. The proposed algorithm initially detects possible rain streaks by using spatial properties such as luminance and structure of rain streaks. Then, the rain streak candidates are selected based on Gaussian distribution model. Next, a non-rain block matching algorithm is performed between adjacent frames to find similar blocks to each including rain pixels. If the similar blocks to the block are obtained, the rain region of the block is reconstructed by non-local mean (NLM) filtering using the similar neighbors. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms previous works in terms of objective and subjective visual quality.
Rubredoxins Involved in Alkane Oxidation

ABSTRACT Rubredoxins (Rds) are essential electron transfer components of bacterial membrane-bound alkane hydroxylase systems. Several Rd genes associated with alkane hydroxylase or Rd reductase genes were cloned from gram-positive and gram-negative organisms able to grow on n-alkanes (Alk-Rds). Complementation tests in an Escherichia coli recombinant containing all Pseudomonas putida GPo1 genes necessary for growth on alkanes except Rd 2 (AlkG) and sequence comparisons showed that the Alk-Rds can be divided in AlkG1- and AlkG2-type Rds. All alkane-degrading strains contain AlkG2-type Rds, which are able to replace the GPo1 Rd 2 in n-octane hydroxylation. Most strains also contain AlkG1-type Rds, which do not complement the deletion mutant but are highly conserved among gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Common to most Rds are the two iron-binding CXXCG motifs. All Alk-Rds possess four negatively charged residues that are not conserved in other Rds. The AlkG1-type Rds can be distinguished from the AlkG2-type Rds by the insertion of an arginine downstream of the second CXXCG motif. In addition, the glycines in the two CXXCG motifs are usually replaced by other amino acids. Mutagenesis of residues conserved in either the AlkG1- or the AlkG2-type Rds, but not between both types, shows that AlkG1 is unable to transfer electrons to the alkane hydroxylase mainly due to the insertion of the arginine, whereas the exchange of the glycines in the two CXXCG motifs only has a limited effect.
Acetazolamide challenge for three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography of the brain.

PURPOSE We compared three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiograms obtained before and after acetazolamide administration to evaluate whether use of this drug could improve visualization of small peripheral intracranial arteries and atherosclerotic stenosis. METHODS For evaluation of small peripheral arteries, 10 patients with clinical diagnosis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and 10 healthy volunteers were investigated, and for evaluation of stenosis, another 6 patients were investigated. Vascular images were obtained by three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. After a baseline scan, 17 mg/kg acetazolamide was injected intravenously and the second scan was performed 20 minutes later. RESULTS Several small peripheral arteries that had not been seen on the baseline images were visible on the acetazolamide images without any augmentation of the background signals. Stenotic lesions in the main trunks of the major cerebral arteries were detected more clearly on acetazolamide images. CONCLUSIONS Acetazolamide improves visualization of small peripheral intracranial arteries and sensitivity in detecting atherosclerotic stenosis in the main trunk of major cerebral artery by three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography without changing MR apparatus and software.
The Development of Phrase-Based Transfer Rules for ADJ-Based Machine Translation

In this paper, annotated disjunct (ADJ) technique is discussed to develop phrase-based transfer rules. We developed an English to Indonesian Machine Translation (MT) system using those transfer rules and compared with three available MT software and our earlier prototype, which uses sentence-based ADJ technique. It was found that the developed system outperforms other systems. In addition, the phrase-based approach generalized the transfer rules, thus reduced the number of transfer rules.
Hypofunction of right temporoparietal cortex during emotional arousal in depression.

CONTEXT Neuropsychological models of depression highlight temporoparietal hypofunction associated with low emotional arousal in major depressive disorder (MDD). These models were derived from indirect measures such as neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography alpha band power. OBJECTIVE To determine if high-arousing stimuli directly modulated activity in attention and arousal-related sensory brain regions in patients with MDD. DESIGN Between-group comparison (patients with MDD vs healthy control subjects) of neuromagnetic oscillatory activity driven by flickering emotional and neutral pictures (steady-state visual evoked fields [ssVEFs]). SETTING Center of magnetoencephalography at a public university and public ambulatory mental health service. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen female low-anxious patients with MDD and 15 female controls. The groups were matched with respect to age and handedness. INTERVENTION Magnetoencephalographic recordings and self-report ratings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Modulation of current source strengths obtained by frequency domain minimum norm source localization of ssVEFs. RESULTS Controls and patients with MDD showed enhanced current source strengths at ssVEF frequency in occipital and parietal cortex for high-arousing emotional pictures (P < .05 for permutation statistics). While this arousal modulation in controls was pronounced in the right temporoparietal cortex, weak arousal modulation characterized that brain region in patients with MDD (F(1,28) = 7.2, P < . 05 for interaction group by quadraticcontrast). CONCLUSIONS Although emotional pictures engaged the dorsal visual stream to a greater extent than neutral pictures in both study groups, only controls showed strong arousal modulation in the right temporoparietal cortex. Because the right temporoparietal cortex is associated with the arousal dimension of emotion, subjects with depression may have difficulties in activating arousal-related brain areas, whereas basic stimulus processing related to activation of the dorsal visual stream is intact.
Applying Evidence Standards to Rehabilitation Research

Johnston M, Sherer M, Whyte J: Applying evidence standards to rehabilitation research. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006;85:292–309. Objective:To describe evidence grading methods employed in the systematic reviews in this special series of articles. To provide an overview of results of these reviews to critique the quality of rehabilitation research. To identify issues in the application of evidence grading methods to rehabilitation. Design:Conceptual review of evidence-based practice and evidence grading methods. English-language research studies on rehabilitation of persons with spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and burn for the 5-yr period of 1999–2004 were reviewed using methods of the American Academy of Neurology supplemented by Cochrane criteria and summarized. Results:Rehabilitation has a shortage of high-level studies. The number of level 1 treatment studies was quite limited (five in spinal cord injury, 15 in traumatic brain injury, 12 in burn rehabilitation), as was the number of level 2 studies (26, 4, and 2, respectively). Despite the large number of correlational studies published, the number of high-level (1 or 2) diagnostic and prognostic studies was surprisingly limited (34, 11, and 5, respectively). The rate of production of high-level studies is rapidly increasing. Problems were encountered in applying standard evidence criteria to complex issues encountered in some studies, suggesting limitations and issues in evidence grading methodology. Conclusions:Rehabilitation needs more high-level studies. Some improvements in research methodology are relatively affordable (e.g., improved blinding), whereas others are expensive (e.g., large randomized controlled trials). Lower-level investigations reporting promising results need to be followed by more definitive, higher-level trials.
Web 2.0: A New Wave of Innovation for Teaching and Learning?

© 2 0 0 6 B r y a n A l e x a n d e r chronological structure implies a different rhetorical purpose than a Web page, which has no inherent timeliness. That altered rhetoric helped shape a different audience, the blogging public, with its emergent social practices of blogrolling, extensive hyperlinking, and discussion threads attached not to pages but to content chunks within them. Reading and searching this world is significantly different from searching the entire Web world. Still, social software does not indicate a sharp break with the old but, rather, the gradual emergence of a new type of practice. These sections of the Web break away from the page metaphor. Rather than following the notion of the Web as book, they are predicated on microcontent. Blogs are about posts, not pages. Wikis are streams of conversation, revision, amendment, and truncation. Podcasts are shuttled between Web sites, RSS feeds, and diverse players. These content blocks can be saved, summarized, addressed, copied, quoted, and built into new projects. Browsers respond to this boom in
Sensor abstractions for control of navigation

An approach to building high-level control systems for robotics that is based on Bayesian decision theory is presented. The authors show how this approach provides a natural and modular way of integrating sensing and planning. They develop a simple solution for a particular problem as an illustration. They also examine the cost of using such a model and consider the areas in which abstraction can reduce this cost. The authors focus on the area of spatial abstraction. They discuss an abstraction that has been used to solve problems involving robot navigation and give a detailed account of the mapping from raw sensor data to the abstraction. <<ETX>>
Oxygen delivery and haemoglobin

Oxygen must be transported effectively from the atmosphere to the tissues in order to sustain normal metabolism. An understanding of oxygen delivery is therefore central to the management of patients during anaesthesia, resuscitation and during critical illness. This review deals specifically with the transport of oxygen from the lungs to non-pulmonary tissues.
Automatic ship positioning and radar biases correction using the hausdorff distance

This paper describes a novel technique to obtain radar biases estimates that can effectively reduce mismatches in track association algorithms. This is accomplished by matching ship-borne radar images to geo-referenced satellite images. The matching is performed through the minimization of the averaged partial Hausdorff distance between data points in each image. The minimization rapidly yields robust latitude and longitude position estimates, as well as ship heading and radar biases. The accuracy of the measurements is improved by feeding them into a Kahnan filter, which also yields estimates for the ship's velocity. The method can be employed for automatic radar calibration of bearing and range biases, while it also serves as an alternative effective position sensor for GPS-denied environments.