Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scattering in an environment

The cross section of elastic electron-proton scattering taking place in an electron gas is calculated within the Closed Time Path method. It is found to be the sum of two terms, one being the expression in the vacuum except that it involves dressing due to the electron gas. The other term is due to the scattering particles-electron gas entanglement. This term dominates the usual one when the exchange energy is in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. Furthermore it makes the trajectories of the colliding particles more consistent and the collision more irreversible, rendering the scattering more classical in this regime.
[​4+2] versus [​2+2] Homodimerization in P(V) Derivatives of 2,4-Disubstituted Phospholes

Phosphole P(V) derivatives are interesting building blocks for various applications from ligand synthesis to material sciences. We herein describe the preparation and characterisation of new 2,4-disubstituted oxo-, thiooxo-, and selenooxophospholes. The nature of the substituents on the phosphole ring determines the reactivity of these compounds towards homodimerization reactions. Aryl and trimethylsilyl substituted oxophospholes undergo selective [4+2] dimerization, whereas, for thiooxo- and selenooxophospholes, light-induced, selective [2+2] head-to-head dimerization occurs in the case of aryl substituents. DFT calculations provide some insights on these differences in reactivity.
On Thermodynamics of 2d Black Holes in Brane Inflationary Potentials

Inspired from the inflation brane world cosmology, we study the thermodynamics of a black hole solution in two dimensional dilaton gravity with an arctangent potential background. We first derive the two dimensional black hole geometry, then we examine its asymptotic behaviors. More precisely, we find that such behaviors exhibit properties appearing in some known cases including the Anti de Sitter and the Schwarzchild black holes. Using the complex path method, we compute the Hawking radiation. The entropy function can be related to the value of the potential at the horizon.
Management Algorithm of Spontaneous Neuropathic Pain and/or Touch-evoked Neuropathic Pain illustrated by prospective observations in clinical practice of 66 chronic Neuropathic Pain Patients

Somatosensory Rehabilitation Centre, Clinique Générale, Hans-Geiler St. 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Pain Unit, Clinique Générale, Hans-Geiler St. 6, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Neurology; General Fürth Hospital, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Jakob-Henle-Str. 1, D-90766 Fürth, Germany Unit of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Physiotherapy Program, Rehabilitation School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, H3C 3J7 Montreal (Qc), Canada Occupational Therapy Program, Rehabilitation School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, H3C 3J7 Montreal (Qc), Canada Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger D158, Boulder, CO, 80309-0345, United States of America Rehabilitation Centre; 11, Rue Angely Cavaillé, F-81000 Albi, France Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
Swing: Providing Long-Range Lossless RDMA via PFC-Relay

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) has been widely deployed in datacenters for its high performance. Large-scale high performance cloud services built on geographically distributed datacenters require long-range RDMA for performance requirements. However, existing RDMA solutions can hardly satisfy the stringent requirements of the emerging large-scale high-performance cloud services built on geo-distributed datacenters in terms of throughput and delay. On the one hand, lossless RDMA suffers from a deep buffer and potential suboptimal throughput for inter-datacenter traffic due to delayed response to Priority Flow Control (PFC) messages. On the other hand, lossy RDMA with selective retransmissions suffers from poor performance when multiple flows with different round-trip times (RTTs) coexist in cross-datacenter scenarios. This article proposes Swing, which expands the high-performance lossless RDMA to long-distance links through PFC-Relay. Swing ensures the throughput of long-distance links while minimizing the buffer requirement for long-range RDMA. It enables long-range RDMA without making any modifications to existing in-datacenter networks. The evaluation shows that Swing can reduce the average flow completion time (FCT) by 14%-66% in a variety of traffic scenarios.
Discharge Readiness Scale for Parents of High-Risk Infants: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infants is an important predictor of successful transitions from hospital to home, however its assessments criteria require further refining in Korea. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the measures available for assessing the discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infant and to evaluate the measurement properties of each instrument.Methods: A literature search for discharge readiness for parents of high-risk infants was performed using 8 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, KoreaMED, RISS, KISS), using preferred reporting items as per the systematic reviews guidelines. For the quality evaluations of the articles, the COSMIN checklist including content validity, internal structure, and the remaining measurement properties was used.Results: Among the 23 studies selected, 8 studies were excluded due to lack of information on their instrument’s measurement properties while remaining 15 studies were evaluated for the quality of measurement attributes. Overall information on the properties of the instruments was lacking in all studies.Conclusion: None of the instruments evaluated all the relevant measurement properties. The results of this review suggest that it is necessary to develop a discharge readiness instrument that considers the necessary and relevant characteristics required for successful hospital to home transition for parents of high-risk infants.
Effect of Ambient Humidity on the Elasticity and Deformation of Unweathered Granite

Moisture variation has been noted as a driver of strains in both natural and anthropogenic bedrock environments. Similarly, increasing water content has been shown to reduce elastic stiffness in a variety of rock materials, though evidence for granites is limited. This study presents strains of an axially stressed (0.1 MPa) Herrnholz granite cylinder with ambient relative humidity alternating between 20% and 90% in a stepwise manner. At each ambient humidity level, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were determined by performing a series of load and unload cycles at 1–12 hr intervals. We observed that when the ambient humidity increased from 20% to 90%, Young's modulus declined by 13% on average, and nearly returned to the initial dry value when the ambient humidity was reduced to 20%. Poisson's ratio increased by 130% in response to the same humidity change, and approximately 60% of it was reversed when dried. These changes occurred linearly with a volumetric strain of up to 8 × 10−4 of the tested sample, equivalent to 24.5 MPa internal stress. This stress change is attributed to the generation of nanoscale adsorption stress, which includes surface adhesion pressure along pore walls and capillary pressures within characteristic pore spaces. Using a modified adsorption model, the two contributions were estimated to be 8.5 and 16 MPa, respectively. The agreement between laboratory‐derived and modeled stress change validates the proposed mechanism of adsorption‐induced strains and elastic property variations in unweathered granite.
Detection of low tension cosmic superstrings

Cosmic superstrings of string theory differ from conventional cosmic strings of field theory. We review how the physical and cosmological properties of the macroscopic string loops influence experimental searches for these relics from the epoch of inflation. The universe's average density of cosmic superstrings can easily exceed that of conventional cosmic strings having the same tension by two or more orders of magnitude. The cosmological behavior of the remnant superstring loops is qualitatively distinct because the string tension is exponentially smaller than the string scale in flux compactifications in string theory. Low tension superstring loops live longer, experience less recoil (rocket effect from the emission of gravitational radiation) and tend to cluster like dark matter in galaxies. Clustering enhances the string loop density with respect to the cosmological average in collapsed structures in the universe. The enhancement at the Sun's position is ∼ 105. We develop a model encapsulating the leading order string theory effects, the current understanding of the string network loop production and the influence of cosmological structure formation suitable for forecasting the detection of superstring loops via optical microlensing, gravitational wave bursts and fast radio bursts. We evaluate the detection rate of bursts from cusps and kinks by LIGO- and LISA-like experiments. Clustering dominates rates for G μ < 10−11.9 (LIGO cusp), G μ<10−11.2 (LISA cusp), G μ < 10−10.6 (LISA kink); we forecast experimentally accessible gravitational wave bursts for G μ>10−14.2 (LIGO cusp), G μ>10−15 (LISA cusp) and G μ>10− 14.1 (LISA kink).
Linear feature detection algorithm for astronomical surveys – I. Algorithm description

Computer vision algorithms are powerful tools in astronomical image analyses, especially when automation of object detection and extraction is required. Modern object detection algorithms in astronomy are oriented towards detection of stars and galaxies, ignoring completely detection of existing linear features. With the emergence of wide-field sky surveys, linear features attract scientific interest as possible trails of fast flybys of near-Earth asteroids and meteors. In this work we describe a new linear feature detection algorithm designed specifically for implementation in Big Data astronomy. The algorithm combines a series of algorithmic steps that first remove other objects (stars, galaxies) from the image and then enhance the line to enable more efficient line detection with the Hough algorithm. The rate of false positives is greatly reduced thanks to a step that replaces possible line segments with rectangles and then compares lines fitted to the rectangles with the lines obtained directly from the image. The speed of the algorithm and its applicability in astronomical surveys are also discussed.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: energy sources of the turbulent velocity dispersion in spatially resolved local star-forming galaxies

We investigate the energy sources of random turbulent motions of ionized gas from H α emission in eight local star-forming galaxies from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey. These galaxies satisfy strict pure star-forming selection criteria to avoid contamination from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or strong shocks/outflows. Using the relatively high spatial and spectral resolution of SAMI, we find that – on sub-kpc scales, our galaxies display a flat distribution of ionized gas velocity dispersion as a function of star formation rate (SFR) surface density. A major fraction of our SAMI galaxies shows higher velocity dispersion than predictions by feedback-driven models, especially at the low SFR surface density end. Our results suggest that additional sources beyond star formation feedback contribute to driving random motions of the interstellar medium in star-forming galaxies. We speculate that gravity, galactic shear and/or magnetorotational instability may be additional driving sources of turbulence in these galaxies.
Hydrodynamic fluctuations and the minimum shear viscosity of the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity

We study hydrodynamic fluctuations in a non-relativistic fluid. We show that in three dimensions fluctuations lead to a minimum in the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $\eta/s$ as a function of the temperature. The minimum provides a bound on $\eta/s$ which is independent of the conjectured bound in string theory, $\eta/s \geq \hbar/(4\pi k_B)$, where $s$ is the entropy density. For the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity we find $\eta/s\gsim 0.2\hbar$. This bound is not universal -- it depends on thermodynamic properties of the unitary Fermi gas, and on empirical information about the range of validity of hydrodynamics. We also find that the viscous relaxation time of a hydrodynamic mode with frequency $\omega$ diverges as $1/\sqrt{\omega}$, and that the shear viscosity in two dimensions diverges as $\log(1/ \omega)$.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Preoperative Inspiratory Muscle Training to Prevent Post-Operative Pulmonary Complication in Patients Undergoing on Pump CABG Surgery

On Pump CABG patients are at higher risk of developing Post-Operative Pulmonary Complications (PPC’s), leading to increased post-operative morbidity and mortality. Aim &Objective: To study the feasibility and effects of Preoperative Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) in patents who are at higher risk to develop PPC’s and are planned for elective on pump CABG. Material and Method: After institutional ethics committee approval and obtaining written informed consent, 78 patients scheduled for elective on pump CABG were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n=42) Intervention group and Group B (n=36) control group. The intervention group received 2 to 4 weeks of preoperative inspiratory muscle training apart from the usual care received by the patient’s in the control group. Primary outcome measures included patient’s satisfaction and motivation, compliance with therapy and to assess the Inspiratory Muscle Strength expressed as Pimax at residual volume. Secondary outcome variables were PPC’s and length of hospital stay. Results: The feasibility of IMT was excellent with no adverse events. Inspiratory muscle strength increased by 36% from 65.6 (15.8) cms of H20 at base line to 88.6 (29.1) cms of H20 at the end of the training period (p=0.001) compared to control group where the increase in inspiratory muscle strength was only 15% from 67.8 (26.3) cms of H20 to 77.83 (27.3) cms of H20 (p=0.18). Lung functions like forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), Inspiratory Vital Capacity (IVC) and FEV1/IVC remained unchanged during training period and before surgery in both groups. Length of hospital stay was 8.93 (± 1.94)days in the intervention group and 10.92 (±5.78) days in the control group (p=0.24). Conclusion: IMT for 2 to 4 weeks in patients who are at high risk of developing PPC’s undergoing on pump CABG are benefitted by preoperative IMT which is reflected by decreased incidence of PPC’s.
Exploring the influence of information and communication technology (ICT) on construction supply chain management: Empirical evidence from a construction project’s perspective

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of ICT on construction supply chain management (CSCM). Furthermore, this research proposes a model for ICT that can be used to test and improve CSCM within the Nigerian construction industry. The relationship between ICT and CSCM was highlighted in an integrated model. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to validate the hypothesised relationship by evaluating the responses of practitioners working in construction project management related firms using a sample of 214 respondents. The findings of this study show a link between ICT and CSCM on five (5) of the constructs on targeted construction firms engaged in supply chain (SC)-related construction activities in Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. This research is supported by the Technology Organisation and Environment (TOE) Model as a key theory of technology adoption. With an average R2 value, the SEM model is 76%, which is commendable (high). The current study offers an empirical and theoretical explanation of various aspects of ICT and CSCM, particularly in the Nigerian construction industry. As a result, this study adds to the body of knowledge by providing crucial insight into the influence of ICT on CSCM throughout the entire construction supply chain. The knowledge gained will aid industry stakeholders and the government in developing policies that will increase ICT adoption in current practice.
Speeding up N-body simulations of modified gravity: Vainshtein screening models

We introduce and demonstrate the power of a method to speed up current iterative techniques for N-body modified gravity simulations. Our method is based on the observation that the accuracy of the final result is not compromised if the calculation of the fifth force becomes less accurate, but substantially faster, in high-density regions where it is relatively weak due to screening. We focus on the nDGP model which employs Vainshtein screening, and test our method by running AMR simulations in which the fifth force on the finer levels of the mesh (high density) is not obtained iteratively, but instead interpolated from coarser levels. The calculation of the standard gravity component of the force still employs the full AMR structure. We show that the impact this has on the matter power spectrum is below 1% for k < 5h/Mpc at 0z = , and even smaller at higher redshift. The impact on halo properties is also small (≲ 3% for abundance, profiles, mass; and ≲ 0.05% for positions and velocities). The method can boost the performance of modified gravity simulations by more than a factor of 10. This allows them to run on timescales similar to GR simulations and to push them to resolution levels that were previously hard to achieve.
Catastrophe machines a few nanometers in size.

Using molecular dynamic simulations of short oligomeric fragments of thermosensitive polymers exposed to power loads, we established three effects characteristic of classical catastrophe machines such as the Euler arch. These effects include the threshold effect (smooth responses of the oligomer to external forces below the threshold load), the bifurcation effect (the emergence of a new conformational state above the critical loads), and the hysteresis effect (different values of the critical loads when moving forth and back in the parametric force space). A nanoscale Euler arch made from short oligomers demonstrates low-frequency, mechanic-like vibrations near the bifurcation points, which we associate with an effect similar to thermal activated bistability. All of these effects may be attractive for designing molecular machines and nanodevices with mechanic-like functioning.
PARALLEL-INTIME MULTIGRID WITH ADAPTIVE SPATIAL COARSENING FOR THE LINEAR ADVECTION AND INVISCID BURGERS EQUATIONS \ast

We apply a multigrid reduction-in-time (MGRIT) algorithm to hyperbolic partial differential equations in one spatial dimension. This study is motivated by the observation that sequential time-stepping is a computational bottleneck when attempting to implement highly concurrent algorithms; thus parallel-in-time methods are desirable. MGRIT adds parallelism by using a hierarchy of successively coarser temporal levels to accelerate the solution on the finest level. In the case of explicit time-stepping, spatial coarsening is a suitable approach to ensure that stability conditions are satisfied on all levels, and it may be useful for implicit time-stepping by producing cheaper multigrid cycles. Unfortunately, uniform spatial coarsening results in extremely slow convergence when the wave speed is near zero, even if only locally. We present an adaptive spatial coarsening strategy that addresses this issue for the variable coefficient linear advection equation and the inviscid Burgers equation using first-order explicit or implicit time-stepping methods. Serial numerical results show this method offers significant improvements over uniform coarsening and is convergent for the inviscid Burgers equation with and without shocks. Parallel scaling tests on up to 128K cores indicate that run-time improvements over serial time-stepping strategies are possible when spatial parallelism alone saturates, and that scalability is robust for oscillatory solutions which change on the scale of the grid spacing.
Karyotype differentiation and male meiosis in European clades of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae, Pholcidae)

﻿Abstract Haplogyne araneomorphs are a diverse spider clade. Their karyotypes are usually predominated by biarmed (i.e., metacentric and submetacentric) chromosomes and have a specific sex chromosome system, X1X2Y. These features are probably ancestral for haplogynes. Nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) spread frequently from autosomes to sex chromosomes in these spiders. This study focuses on pholcids (Pholcidae), a highly diverse haplogyne family. Despite considerable recent progress in pholcid cytogenetics, knowledge on many clades remains insufficient including the most species-rich pholcid genus, Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805. To characterize the karyotype differentiation of Pholcus in Europe, we compared karyotypes, sex chromosomes, NORs, and male meiosis of seven species [P.alticeps Spassky, 1932; P.creticus Senglet, 1971; P.dentatus Wunderlich, 1995; P.fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992; P.phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775); P.opilionoides (Schrank, 1781); P.silvai Wunderlich, 1995] representing the dominant species groups in this region. The species studied show several features ancestral for Pholcus, namely the 2n♂ = 25, the X1X2Y system, and a karyotype predominated by biarmed chromosomes. Most taxa have a large acrocentric NOR-bearing pair, which evolved from a biarmed pair by a pericentric inversion. In some lineages, the acrocentric pair reverted to biarmed. Closely related species often differ in the morphology of some chromosome pairs, probably resulting from pericentric inversions and/or translocations. Such rearrangements have been implicated in the formation of reproductive barriers. While the X1 and Y chromosomes retain their ancestral metacentric morphology, the X2 chromosome shows a derived (acrocentric or subtelocentric) morphology. Pairing of this element is usually modified during male meiosis. NOR patterns are very diverse. The ancestral karyotype of Pholcus contained five or six terminal NORs including three X chromosome-linked loci. The number of NORs has been frequently reduced during evolution. In the Macaronesian clade, there is only a single NOR-bearing pair. Sex chromosome-linked NORs are lost in Madeiran species and in P.creticus. Our study revealed two cytotypes in the synanthropic species P.phalangioides (Madeiran and Czech), which differ by their NOR pattern and chromosome morphology. In the Czech cytotype, the large acrocentric pair was transformed into a biarmed pair by pericentric inversion.