Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Potential of Valuable Protein from Ulva rigida Macroalgae

Ulva green macroalgae or sea lettuce are rich sources of protein with nutritional benefits that promote health as a future plant-based functional ingredient in the food industry. Alkaline pretreatment improved ultrasonic-assisted protein extraction from Ulva rigida biomass. Parameters affecting ultrasonic-assisted extraction of protein were type of solvent, biomass-solvent ratio, biomass preparation and extraction cycle. In vitro digestibility was evaluated from oven- and freeze-dried biomass. Results showed highest concentration and extraction yield of protein from U. rigida using alkaline rather than acid and distilled water. A high biomass–solvent ratio at 1:10 or 0.1 g mL−1 increased protein extraction. Higher alkaline concentration increased protein extraction. Highest protein extractability was 8.5% dry matter from freeze-dried U. rigida biomass, with highest protein extraction and antioxidant activity from extraction of U. rigida macroalgae at high alkaline concentrations. U. rigida macroalgae oven-dried biomass presented suitable human digestibility. Efficient pretreatment of U. rigida maximized protein hydrolysate and bioactive peptide production for wide-ranging applications.
Electro-optic properties in pure LiNbO3 crystals from the congruent to the stoichiometric composition

We report large and nonmonotonic dependences of the electro-optic (EO) coefficient r22 and the corresponding dielectric permittivity in pure LiNbO3 on the concentration of intrinsic defects related to the deviation from the stoichiometry of the crystal. This variation is caused mainly by the electro-mechanical contribution. A stoichiometric crystal possesses both large EO properties and resistance to optical damage which renders it much more suitable for use in laser Q-switching than the congruent crystal.
Community Oriented Neighboring Feedback for Efficient End-to-End Delay-Sensitive MP2P Streaming via Temporal Relay-Based Replication

Next generation peer-information systems are envisioned to be characterized by an invisible and ubiquitous lookup application support which should be easily accessible by users in a transparent and location-independent reliable fashion. Therefore, the traditional end-to-end delays should be bounded and minimized in order to offer significant increase in performance and reliability in today's Mobile Peer-to-Peer (MP2P) systems. Many parameters that affect the end-to-end delay for efficient collaborative streaming, deal with the temporal characteristics (connectivity and mobility constraints, etc). These parameters are significantly degrading the end-to-end communicational survivability and resources' availability. In this work a scheme for collaborative replication is proposed using community oriented relay regions for MP2P streaming. The proposed model considers a combined community oriented neighboring feedback approach with selective delay-centric replication taking into account the social interactions for assigning available resources to nodes that are communicating via intraclustered links. The collaborative streaming is achieved through the outsourcing file chunk policy for N-hop replicated sources and the combined community oriented model. The presented scheme is thoroughly evaluated through experimental simulation which takes measures for the end-to-end reliability and the latency of the broadcast schedule when delivering delay-sensitive MP2P streams.
A New Gauging of $N=8$ Supergravity

A noncompact, 28-dimensional subgroup of E/sub 7/ that is a global symmetry of the Cremmer-Julia action is gauged. The resulting theory has N = 8 local supersymmetry and SU(8) x ISO(7)/sup +/ gauge symmetry, where ISO(7)/sup +/ is the Inoenue-Wigner contraction of SO(8) about its SO(7)/sup +/subgroup. The scalar potential is changed and the usual problems associated with gauging a noncompact group, such as ghosts, are avoided. In the symmetric gauge there is a manifest SO(7)/sup +/, under which the gravitini transform according to the eight-dimensional spinor representation, while the noncompact generators of ISO(7)/sup +/ are realized nonlinearly.
Global Convergence of Hessenberg Shifted QR I: Exact Arithmetic

Rapid convergence of the shifted QR algorithm on symmetric matrices was shown more than fifty years ago. Since then, despite significant interest and its practical relevance, an understanding of the dynamics and convergence properties of the shifted QR algorithm on nonsymmetric matrices has remained elusive. We introduce a new family of shifting strategies for the Hessenberg shifted QR algorithm. We prove that when the input is a diagonalizable Hessenberg matrix $H$ of bounded eigenvector condition number $\kappa_V(H)$ -- defined as the minimum condition number of $V$ over all diagonalizations $VDV^{-1}$ of $H$ -- then the shifted QR algorithm with a certain strategy from our family is guaranteed to converge rapidly to a Hessenberg matrix with a zero subdiagonal entry, in exact arithmetic. Our convergence result is nonasymptotic, showing that the geometric mean of certain subdiagonal entries of $H$ decays by a fixed constant in every $QR$ iteration. The arithmetic cost of implementing each iteration of our strategy scales roughly logarithmically in the eigenvector condition number $\kappa_V(H)$, which is a measure of the nonnormality of $H$. The key ideas in the design and analysis of our strategy are: (1) We are able to precisely characterize when a certain shifting strategy based on Ritz values stagnates. We use this information to design certain ``exceptional shifts'' which are guaranteed to escape stagnation whenever it occurs. (2) We use higher degree shifts (of degree roughly $\log \kappa_V(H)$) to dampen transient effects due to nonnormality, allowing us to treat nonnormal matrices in a manner similar to normal matrices.
Adaptive Robot Assistance: Expertise and Influence in Multi-User Task Planning

This paper addresses the challenge of enabling a single robot to effectively assist multiple humans in decision-making for task planning domains. We introduce a comprehensive framework designed to enhance overall team performance by considering both human expertise in making the optimal decisions and robot influence on human decision-making. Our model integrates these factors seamlessly within the task-planning domain, formulating the problem as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) while treating expertise and influence as unobservable components of the system state. To solve for the robot's actions in such systems, we propose an efficient Attention-Switching policy. This policy capitalizes on the inherent structure of such systems, solving multiple smaller POMDPs to generate heuristics for prioritizing interactions with different human teammates, thereby reducing the state space and improving scalability. Our empirical results on a simulated kit fulfillment task demonstrate improved team performance when the robot's policy accounts for both expertise and influence. This research represents a significant step forward in the field of adaptive robot assistance, paving the way for integration into cost-effective small and mid-scale industries, where substantial investments in robotic infrastructure may not be economically viable.
A spatial random-effects model for interzone flows: commuting in Northern Ireland

Government policy on employment, transport, and housing often depends on reliable information about spatial variation in commuting flows across a region. Simple commuting rates summarising inter-area flows may not provide a full perspective on the underlying levels of commuting attractivity of different areas (as destinations), or the varying dependence of different areas (as origins) on outside employment. Areas also vary in the degree of commuting self-containment, as expressed in intra-area flows. This paper uses a spatial random-effects model to develop indices of attractivity, extra-dependence, and self-containment using a latent factor method. The methodology allows consideration of the degree to which different explanatory influences (e.g. socioeconomic structure, characteristics of road networks, employment density) affect these aspects of commuting. The particular application is to commuting flows in Northern Ireland, using 139 zones that aggregate smaller areas (wards), so avoiding undue sparsity in the flow matrix. The analysis involves Bayesian estimation, with the outputs comprising full densities for extra-dependence, and attractivity scores and scores for intra-area containment of zones. Spatial patterning in these aspects of commuting is allowed for in the model used. One key pattern is the difference in latent effect estimates for urban (in particular, Belfast) and rural areas reflecting variable job opportunities in these areas.
VARIATION OF PARAMETERS METHOD FOR SOLVING SIXTH-ORDER BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

In this paper, we develop a reliable algorithm which is called the variation of parameters method for solving sixth-order boundary value problems. The proposed technique is quite ecient and is practically well suited for use in these problems. The suggested iterative scheme finds the solution without any perturbation, discritization, linearization or restric- tive assumptions. Moreover, the method is free from the identification of Lagrange multipliers. The fact that the proposed technique solves nonlin- ear problems without using the Adomian's polynomials can be considered as a clear advantage of this technique over the decomposition method. Several examples are given to verify the reliability and eciency of the proposed method. Comparisons are made to reconfirm the eciency and accuracy of the suggested technique.
Atomic photoexcitation as a tool for probing purity of twisted light modes

The twisted light modes used in modern atomic physics experiments can be contaminated by small admixtures of plane wave radiation. Although these admixtures hardly reveal themselves in the beam intensity profile, they may seriously affect the outcome of high precision spectroscopy measurements. In the present study we propose a method for diagnosing such a plane wave contamination, which is based on the analysis of the magnetic sublevel population of atoms or ions interacting with the"twisted + plane wave"radiation. In order to theoretically investigate the sublevel populations, we solve the Liouville-von Neumann equation for the time evolution of atomic density matrix. The proposed method is illustrated for the electric dipole $5s \, {}^{2}\mathrm{S}_{1/2} \, - \, 5p \, {}^{2}\mathrm{P}_{3/2}$ transition in Rb induced by (linearly, radially, or azimuthally polarized) vortex light with just a small contamination. We find that even tiny admixtures of plane wave radiation can lead to remarkable variations in the populations of the ground-state magnetic sublevels. This opens up new opportunities for diagnostics of twisted light in atomic spectroscopy experiments.
$N_{\rm eff}$ as a new physics probe in the precision era of cosmology

We perform a global fit to the electroweak vertices and 4-fermion operators of the standard model effective field theory in this work using $N_{\rm eff}$ from cosmological probes, as well as data sets from colliders and low-energy experiments. We find $N_{\rm eff}$, both its current measurement and future projections, can only marginally improve the fit in both the flavor universal and the most general flavor scenarios. The resulting $1\sigma$ bound on $N_{\rm eff}$ is significantly improved from the global fit and becomes comparable to its current theoretical uncertainty, such that the latter will become important for this study at next generation experiments like future lepton colliders. $N_{\rm eff}$ from the global fit is also adopted to predict the primordial helium abundance $Y_P$, which significantly reduces the parameter space on the $Y_P$-$N_{\rm eff}$ plane. Through error propagation, we also conclude that reducing the experimental uncertainty of $Y_P$ from metal-poor galaxies down below 0.2% could play an important role in deepening our understanding on the free neutron lifetime anomaly.
Maternal separation in mice leads to anxiety-like/aggressive behavior and increases immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase and parvalbumin in the adolescence ventral hippocampus

It has been reported that stressful events in early life influence behavior in adulthood and are associated with different psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Maternal separation (MS) is a representative animal model for reproducing childhood stress. It is used as an animal model for depression, and has well-known effects, such as increasing anxiety behavior and causing abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study investigated the effect of MS on anxiety or aggression-like behavior and the number of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Mice were separated from their dams for four hours per day for 19 d from postnatal day two. Elevated plus maze (EPM) test, resident-intruder (RI) test, and counted glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or parvalbumin (PV) positive cells in the hippocampus were executed using immunohistochemistry. The maternal segregation group exhibited increased anxiety and aggression in the EPM test and the RI test. GAD67-positive neurons were increased in the hippocampal regions we observed: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. PV-positive neurons were increased in the DG, CA3, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. Consistent with behavioral changes, corticosterone was increased in the MS group, suggesting that the behavioral changes induced by MS were expressed through the effect on the HPA axis. Altogether, MS alters anxiety and aggression levels, possibly through alteration of cytoarchitecture and output of the ventral hippocampus that induces the dysfunction of the HPA axis.
Muslim social workers’ recommendation of parents with mental illness or intellectual disability disorders in vignettes of simulated religious court cases of custody, marriage, and divorce

ABSTRACT Religion plays a central role in clients’ identities, their behaviors, and their contacts with professionals. Such influence on professionals’ practice is evident in cases of clients with intellectual disability and mental health illnesses in Israel. The article examines the tendency of Muslim social worker to prefer religious recommendations (following the qadi’s decision) regarding the rights of marriage/divorce and child custody for parents with Mental Illness (MI) or Intellectual Disability Disorders (IDD) in simulated vignettes court cases. The study analyzed vignettes simulating Muslim religious (Sharia) court cases. Muslim social workers (138) completed a background and religiosity questionnaires as well as their response to 25 vignettes simulated court rulings adapted for this study. The decision of the qadi was rephrased in a short statement and appended after each case of the 25, this decision was considered as a religious recommendation since it based on religious consideration. The participants were asked whether they agree or disagree with these recommendations. Muslim social workers tended to consider religious recommendation when the family of the person with MI was described as religious. The discussed issue (marriage/divorce or child custody) was found to explain their tendency to adopt religious recommendation in cases of IDD. Implications of our findings are discussed with respect to social work practice and education.
Raman spectral mapping of self-aligned carbon nanowalls

Carbon nanowalls (CNWs) are a nano-carbon material constructed with a few layers of graphene and thus may exhibit similar properties to graphene. We developed a self-alignment process for the creation of carbon nanowalls using graphoepitaxy, which can be used for the structural fabrication of field-effect transistors. We used Raman spectral mapping to study the mechanism of the self-alignment process. The dependence of growth on temperature and the use of Raman spectra enabled the observation of geometrical catalyst effects and the induction of defects for self-aligned regions. The same effects were observed when analyzing the dependence of deposition on time. For low-temperature growth, which corresponds to the initial growth, the growth of CNW flakes can be observed only on the edge of processed patterns. On the other hand, the self-alignment process should change the shape of the flakes, thereby affecting grain structures and inducing carrier scattering. The use of graphoepitaxy can therefore help in the initial growth, and then mainly induces defects in CNW films. Finally, these defects are cured with the overgrowth.
Confronting the loss of trophic support

Classic experiments with peripheral sympathetic neurons established an absolute dependence upon NGF for survival. A forgotten problem is how these neurons become resistant to deprivation of trophic factors. The question is whether and how neurons can survive in the absence of trophic support. However, the mechanism is not understood how neurons switch their phenotype to lose their dependence on trophic factors, such as NGF and BDNF. Here, we approach the problem by considering the requirements for trophic support of peripheral sympathetic neurons and hippocampal neurons from the central nervous system. We developed cellular assays to assess trophic factor dependency for sympathetic and hippocampal neurons and identified factors that rescue neurons in the absence of trophic support. They include enhanced expression of a subunit of the NGF receptor (Neurotrophin Receptor Homolog, NRH) in sympathetic neurons and an increase of the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in hippocampal neurons. The results are significant since levels and activity of trophic factors are responsible for many neuropsychiatric conditions. Resistance of neurons to trophic factor deprivation may be relevant to the underlying basis of longevity, as well as an important element in preventing neurodegeneration.
Influence of Noise in Computer-Vision-Based Measurements on Parameter Identification in Structural Dynamics

Nowadays, consumer electronics offer computer-vision-based (CV) measurements of dynamic displacements with some trade-offs between sampling frequency, resolution and low cost of the device. This study considers a consumer-grade smartphone camera based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and investigates the influence of its hardware limitations on the estimation of dynamic displacements, modal parameters and stiffness parameters of bolted connections in a laboratory structure. An algorithm that maximizes the zero-normalized cross-correlation function is employed to extract the dynamic displacements. The modal parameters are identified with the stochastic subspace identification method. The stiffness parameters are identified using a model-updating technique based on modal sensitivities. The results are compared with the corresponding data obtained with accelerometers and a laser distance sensor. The CV measurement allows lower-order vibration modes to be identified with a systematic (bias) error that is nearly proportional to the vibration frequency: from 2% for the first mode (9.4 Hz) to 10% for the third mode (71.4 Hz). However, the measurement errors introduced by the smartphone camera have a significantly lower influence on the values of the identified stiffness parameters than the numbers of modes and parameters taken into account. This is due to the bias–variance trade-off. The results show that consumer-grade electronics can be used as a low-cost and easy-to-use measurement tool if lower-order modes are required.
Patient Experience Evaluation of the CMO-Based Pharmaceutical Care Model vs Usual Care in People Living with HIV

Objective To compare patient experience in a real-life population of people living with HIV (PLWH) who received pharmaceutical care (PC) based on the Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) model versus the traditional model. Methods Prospective cohort study in PLWH receiving either CMO-based PC or traditional PC in Spain between October 2019 and June 2021 (24 weeks), performed by the pharmacy department of 14 Spanish hospitals. Participants were adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of HIV treated with antiretrovirals who had been monitored in the participating hospital pharmacies for >1 year. Patient experience (IEXPAC questionnaire), clinical outcomes (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, glycated haemoglobin, and blood pressure), adherence to treatment, virologic control and patient satisfaction were determined. Results Patient experience in the CMO group at week 24 was significantly better (7.6 vs 6.9) than in the traditional group, with a higher mean improvement. Adherence was better in the CMO group, particularly with regard to concomitant medications (53.2% to 91.7%, p<0.001); no changes were observed in the traditional group. Patient satisfaction improved in the CMO group vs the traditional group (48 vs 44, p<0.001). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare CMO vs traditional methodology. The CMO model showed an overall improvement in real-life patient experience, satisfaction, and adherence to treatment compared to the traditional methodology.
Lightweight Reconstruction of Urban Buildings: Data Structures, Algorithms, and Future Directions

Commercial buildings as well as residential houses represent core structures of any modern day urban or semiurban areas. Consequently, 3-D models of urban buildings are of paramount importance to a majority of digital urban applications, such as city planning, 3-D mapping and navigation, video games and movies, and construction progress tracking, among others. However, current studies suggest that existing 3-D modeling approaches often involve high computational cost and large storage volumes for processing the geometric details of the buildings. Therefore, it is essential to generate concise digital representations of urban buildings from the 3-D measurements or images so that the acquired information can be efficiently utilized for various urban applications. Such concise representations, often referred to as “lightweight” models, strive to capture the details of the physical objects with less computational storage. Furthermore, lightweight models consume less bandwidth for online applications and facilitate accelerated visualizations. With many emerging digital urban infrastructure applications, lightweight reconstruction is poised to become a new area of research in the urban remote sensing community. We aim to provide a thorough review of data structures, representations, and state-of-the-art algorithms for lightweight 3-D urban reconstruction. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of key lightweight urban reconstruction techniques, ultimately providing guidance on future research prospects to fulfill the pressing needs of urban applications.
Free surface due to a flow driven by a rotating disk inside a vertical cylindrical tank: Axisymmetric configuration

The flow driven by a rotating disk at the bottom of an open fixed cylindrical cavity is studied numerically and experimentally. The steady axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations projected onto a curvilinear coordinate system are solved by a Newton-Raphson algorithm. The free surface shape is computed by an iterative process in order to satisfy a zero normal stress balance at the interface. In previous studies, regarding the free surface deflection, there is a significant disagreement between a first-order approximation [M. Piva and E. Meiburg, “Steady axisymmetric flow in an open cylindrical container with a partially rotating bottom wall,” Phys. Fluids 17, 063603 (2005)] and a full numerical simulation [R. Bouffanais and D. Lo Jacono, “Unsteady transitional swirling flow in the presence of a moving free surface,” Phys. Fluids 21, 064107 (2009)]. For a small deflection, the first-order approximation matches with our numerical simulation and for a large deflection a good agreement is found with experimental .