Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Errors in Numerical Solutions of Spherically Symmetric Shock Physics Problems

Abstract : The authors seek robust and understandable error models for shock physics simulations. The purpose of this paper is to explore complications introduced by spherical flow in the analysis of errors in the numerical solution of shock interaction problems. In contrast to the case of planar waves, the spherical waves are not constant in strength between interactions and the solution is not piecewise constant between waves. Nevertheless, simple power laws predict the dependence of the solution on the radius. The authors find that the same power laws predict the evolution of the error, as the error once formed propagates according to the same laws that govern the solution structures (i.e., the waves) themselves. They analyze errors in composite wave interaction problems based on the analysis of single interactions and a multi-path scattering formula to combine the effects of errors propagating through the individual interactions. They refine the wave filters they have previously introduced for the identification and analysis of wave strength and position in planar (1D) shock physics simulations. The filter now must be applicable to the case of non-constant states between waves. The numerical solutions, in contrast to the physical solutions, are approximately constant in a narrow region immediately adjacent to the numerical waves. For this reason, the planar one-dimensional wave filters provide sufficient accuracy and are used without change. However, as they contemplate the solution of the same problem in a two-dimensional cylindrical geometry (r, z) or three-dimensional rectangular geometry (x, y, z), and also contemplate the solutions of perturbed spherical problems (e.g., the spherical Richtmyer-Meshkov instability problem), there will be a need for higher dimensional wave filters. This paper offers a solution to this pattern recognition problem. (5 tables, 8 figures, 8 refs.)
How Creativity Was Affected by Environmental Factors and Individual Characteristics: A Cross-cultural Comparison Perspective

The purpose of this study was to explore how environmental factors (family environment and school education) and individual characteristics (personality, creative attitudes, and divergent thinking) collectively affect creative achievement of American and Chinese college students. Data were collected from 378 college students in the United States (N = 193) and China (N = 185). Results showed that the US sample had significantly higher means in home resources, high-school education, Conscientiousness, creative achievement, and all four dimensions of the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA) than the China sample. In contrast, the China sample scored significantly higher in understanding the importance of creativity. Results indicated creative attitudes and divergent thinking sequentially mediated the effects of parental values on creative achievement for the US sample, whereas Openness mediated the effect of high-school education on creative achievement for the China sample. For both samples, creative attitudes mediated the effect of Openness on divergent thinking. The results suggested cultural differences in the effects of environmental factors on creativity, yet more similar findings in the effects of individual characteristics on creativity between the two samples. The results and implications are discussed.
Constraining Brans-Dicke Gravity with Accreting Millisecond Pulsars in Ultracompact Binaries

The five accreting, millisecond X-ray pulsars in ultracompact binaries that were recently discovered with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer provide excellent candidates for constraining the deviations from general relativity described by the Brans-Dicke parameter ωBD. I calculate the expected rate of change of the orbital periods of these binaries and discuss the prospects of constraining ωBD to values that can be as stringent as current solar system constraints. Finally, I show how measurements of the orbital period derivative in ultracompact binaries can be used to place lower bounds on their orbital inclinations.
Comparison of Two Auto Focus Measurements DCT-STD and DWT-STD

—Current auto-focusing techniques are mostly active auto focus and passive auto focus. Active auto focus is common among digital cameras, which relies on the camera to use distance detection such as infrared or ultrasonic waves to measure the object distance for focusing adjustment. Passive auto focus, on the other hand, does not require extra distance detection device. After the received digital image is being analyzed and clarity scale is being calculated, the in-focus image is found with maximum clarity value. This study mainly focuses on auto-focusing algorithm. When the user chooses the interested area, discrete cosine transform and discrete wavelet transform are used to analyze and determine the image with the most clarity. Experimental results showed a better performance with discrete wavelet transform.
Dissociation between AKAP3 and PKARII Promotes AKAP3 Degradation in Sperm Capacitation

Ejaculated spermatozoa must undergo a series of biochemical modifications called capacitation, prior to fertilization. Protein-kinase A (PKA) mediates sperm capacitation, although its regulation is not fully understood. Sperm contain several A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), which are scaffold proteins that anchor PKA. In this study, we show that AKAP3 is degraded in bovine sperm incubated under capacitation conditions. The degradation rate is variable in sperm from different bulls and is correlated with the capacitation ability. The degradation of AKAP3 was significantly inhibited by MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, indicating that AKAP3 degradation occurs via the proteasomal machinery. Treatment with Ca2+-ionophore induced further degradation of AKAP3; however, this effect was found to be enhanced in the absence of Ca2+ in the medium or when intracellular Ca2+ was chelated the degradation rate of AKAP3 was significantly enhanced when intracellular space was alkalized using NH4Cl, or when sperm were treated with Ht31, a peptide that contains the PKA-binding domain of AKAPs. Moreover, inhibition of PKA activity by H89, or its activation using 8Br-cAMP, increased AKAP3 degradation rate. This apparent contradiction could be explained by assuming that binding of PKA to AKAP3 protects AKAP3 from degradation. We conclude that AKAP3 degradation is regulated by intracellular alkalization and PKARII anchoring during sperm capacitation.
An Efficient Transmission Method for Bulk Data Based on Network Coding in Delay Tolerant Network

With nodes in Delay Tolerant Network(DTN) distributing sparsely and moving rapidly, they usually suffer from intermittent connections and communications, thus bringing about limited message forwarding opportunities. All these could lead to inefficient forwarding, low delivery, long latency and limited transmission capacity in performance. In this paper, efficient encoding and decision methods are presented and integrated into the DTN routing strategy. The custody-encoding-forwarding mode is designed by merging the random linear network coding into the DTN routing, together with the replica re-allocation and memory management, and built on that encoding scheme, the intra/inter flow adaptive collaborative network coding is elaborated to implement the fresh custody-decision-encoding-forwarding mode. A decision-making strategy based on Bayesian Network(BN) measures the ``degree'' in a specific generation in networks by taking comprehensive consideration of current and historical network conditions to enhance the network robustness and self-adaptivity. By evaluating the delivery, delay and overhead performance on ONE and MATLAB platforms, the effectiveness of proposed strategies is validated in the end.
A Named Entities Recognition System for Modern Standard Arabic using Rule-Based Approach

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a task in Information Extraction (IE). The Named Entity Recognition has become very important for Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this paper, we designed a system which enhanced the named entities recognition for Arabic language where the system was developed for Arabic nouns and entities extractions. The nouns extraction system is based on Arabic morphological, the Arabic grammar rules a lot of them are not used before. The noun extraction in the system uses no gazetteers and the system is combined with entities extraction system depending on gazetteers. The system extracts noun according to morphological Arabic and classify them into proper nouns entities, title entities, currency entities, percentage entities, countries entities, cities entities, nationality entities, number entities, places entities, date entities and time entities. The system applied algorithms for generate nationality entities from countries entities, and the system applied Regular Expression (RE) for extract numbers in digit format. The system is not needed to normalization into the text before extraction process. The system tested text that is in the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), the corpus is in open text. The system achieves results in an average recall of 85%.
Development Projects and Critical Theory of Environment

In the recent past there has been a growing trend of people protesting against various development projects that are designed and propagated by the policymakers to meet the requirements of development. The protests ground themselves on the argument that these projects are degrading environment and the resources that are affected have essentially been people’s property. So the protest of these development projects pose a dual problem relating to the impact on environment and their impact on community living within the limits of the area where the project has to be undertaken. The problems are then of sustainable development on the one hand, while of sociological character, on the other. It has been observed that in the initial stage of development projects the locals receive them with much enthusiasm and expectations but as the projects advance their enthusiasm is overtaken by suspicion, uncertainty and protest. This pattern is an indication of the growing inequalities and betrayal of expectations resulting form the modernisation project. Bapat in her book, although underlines this pattern of reversal of enthusiasm through an analysis of six development projects over a period of one decade but does not see it as an inbuilt problem of the modernisation project. Hence, instead of building a theory as a critique of the modernisation project her theoretical endeavour ends up recommending bureaucratic solutions to the problem.
The Practical Verification of Microprocessor Designs

The Practical Verification of Microprocessor Designs Phillip J. Windley Department of Computer Science University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83843 Hardware verification is a technique for reducing the number of design faults in a device. Even though much research has been done in the area, verification is still not used by circuit designers. This paper examines an engineering methodology f o r verifying micmpwcessors, describes two case studies using this methodology, and discusses research aimed at integmting verification with VLSI CAD tools. We believe that these steps are necessary if verification is to be used by engineers.
Measured cardiorespiratory fitness and self‐reported physical activity: associations with cancer risk and death in a long‐term prospective cohort study

Physical activity is inversely associated with risk of some cancers. The relation with cancer‐specific death remains uncertain. Mainly, studies on relationships between physical activity and cancer are based on self‐reported physical activity (SPA). Hereby, we examined whether measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with cancer risk, mortality, and case fatality. We also describe relationships between SPA and these outcomes, and between CRF and SPA. A cohort of 1997 healthy Norwegian men, aged 40–59 years at inclusion in 1972–75, was followed throughout 2012. At baseline, CRF was objectively measured. SPA (leisure time and occupational) was obtained through a questionnaire. Relationships between CRF or SPA, and the outcomes were estimated using Cox regression, adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking. Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated agreements between CRF and SPA. During follow‐up, 758 men were diagnosed with cancer and 433 cancer deaths occurred. Analyses revealed lower cancer risk (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.68–1.00), mortality (HR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53–0.88), and case fatality (HR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57–0.96), in men with high CRF compared to low CRF. Light leisure time SPA was associated with lower cancer risk (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56–0.86) and mortality (HR 0.64 95% CI: 0.49–0.83), whereas strenuous occupational SPA was associated with higher risks (HR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78 and HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.09–1.93). Correlations between CRF and SPA were 0.351 (P < 0.001) and −0.106 (P < 0.001) for leisure time and occupational SPA, respectively. A high midlife CRF may be beneficial for cancer risk, cancer mortality, and case fatality.
Programming Sensor Networks Using Abstract Regions

Wireless sensor networks are attracting increased interest for a wide range of applications, such as environmental monitoring and vehicle tracking. However, developing sensor network applications is notoriously difficult, due to extreme resource limitations of nodes, the unreliability of radio communication, and the necessity of low power operation. Our goal is to simplify application design by providing a set of programming primitives for sensor networks that abstract the details of low-level communication, data sharing, and collective operations. We present abstract regions, a family of spatial operators that capture local communication within regions of the network, which may be defined in terms of radio connectivity, geographic location, or other properties of nodes. Regions provide interfaces for identifying neighboring nodes, sharing data among neighbors, and performing efficient reductions on shared variables. In addition, abstract regions expose the trade-off between the accuracy and resource usage of communication operations. Applications can adapt to changing network conditions by tuning the energy and bandwidth usage of the underlying communication substrate. We present the implementation of abstract regions in the TinyOS programming environment, as well as results demonstrating their use for building adaptive sensor network applications.
Comparing Nested Predictive Regression Models with Persistent Predictors

Inference on stock return predictability is commonly conducted by the in-sample inference on the coe¢ cient estimator of the predictive regression, for which several problems have been identi…ed such as the …nite sample bias (when predictors are weakly stationary) and the nonpivotal and non-standard asymptotic distribution and un-correctable bias (when predictors are persistent), and various solutions to these problems have been suggested. In this paper, we adopt the out-of-sample inference of the predictive regression model by the encompassing statistic (ENC) that was studied by Clark and McCracken (2001) when predictors are weakly stationary. The contribution of this paper is to show that the ENC statistic has the asymptotic standard normal distribution even when predictors are persistent as well as when predictors are weakly stationary. This new result is important for empirical research on stock return predictability. While many technical problems arise for in-sample inference on the predictive regression due to persistence of predictors, the out-of-sample inference based on ENC is actually bene…ted from persistence of predictors because it makes the super-consistency and the asymptotic normality of the parameter estimation. Monte Carlo simulation shows that the asymptotic results hold in …nite samples when predictors are weakly stationary and persistent. An application to the predictive regression of the equity premium reveals strong predictive ability of several persistent predictors.
Electrothermal CAD of power devices and circuits with fully physical time-dependent compact thermal modeling of complex nonlinear 3-d systems

An original, fully analytical, spectral domain decomposition approach is presented for the time-dependent thermal modeling of complex nonlinear (3-D) electronic systems, from metallized power FETs and MMICs, through MCMs, up to circuit board level. This solution method offers a powerful alternative to conventional numerical thermal simulation techniques, and is constructed to be compatible with explicitly coupled electrothermal device and circuit simulation on CAD timescales. In contrast to semianalytical, frequency space, Fourier solutions involving DFT-FFT, the method presented here is based on explicit, fully analytical, double Fourier series expressions for thermal subsystem solutions in Laplace transform s-space (complex frequency space). It is presented in the form of analytically exact thermal impedance matrix expressions for thermal subsystems. These include double Fourier series solutions for rectangular multilayers, which are an order of magnitude faster to evaluate than existing semi-analytical Fourier solutions based on DFT-FFT. They also include double Fourier series solutions for the case of arbitrarily distributed volume heat sources and sinks, constructed without the use of Green's function techniques, and for rectangular volumes with prescribed fluxes on all faces, removing the adiabatic sidewall boundary condition. This combination allows treatment of arbitrarily inhomogeneous complex geometries, and provides a description of thermal material nonlinearities as well as inclusion of position varying and non linear surface fluxes. It provides a fully physical, and near exact, generalized multiport network parameter description of nonlinear, distributed thermal subsystems, in both the time and frequency domains. In contrast to existing circuit level approaches, it requires no explicit lumped element, RC-network approximation or nodal reduction, for fully coupled, electrothermal CAD. This thermal impedance matrix approach immediately gives rise to minimal boundary condition independent compact models for thermal systems. Implementation of the time-dependent thermal model as N-port netlist elements within a microwave circuit simulation engine, Transim (NCSU), is described. Electrothermal transient, single-tone, two-tone, and multitone harmonic balance simulations are presented for a MESFET amplifier. This thermal model is validated experimentally by thermal imaging of a passive grid array representative of one form of spatial power combining architecture.
Head Direction Cell Instability in the Anterior Dorsal Thalamus after Lesions of the Interpeduncular Nucleus

Previous research has identified a population of cells throughout the limbic system that discharge as a function of the animal's head direction (HD). Altering normal motor cues can alter the HD cell responses and disrupt the updating of their preferred firing directions, thus suggesting that motor cues contribute to processing the HD signal. A pathway that conveys motor information may stem from the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN), a brain region that has reciprocal connections with HD cell circuitry. To test this hypothesis, we produced electrolytic or neurotoxic lesions of the IPN and recorded HD cells in the anterior dorsal thalamus (ADN) of rats. Direction-specific firing remained present in the ADN after lesions of the IPN, but measures of HD cell properties showed that cells had reduced peak firing rates, large directional firing ranges, and firing that predicted the animal's future heading more than in intact controls. Furthermore, preferred firing directions were moderately less influenced by rotation of a salient visual landmark. Finally, the preferred directions of cells in lesioned rats exhibited large shifts when the animals foraged for scattered food pellets in a darkened environment and when locomoting from a familiar environment to a novel one. We propose that the IPN contributes motor information about the animal's movements to the HD cell circuitry. Furthermore, these results suggest that the IPN plays a broad role in the discharge properties and stability of direction-specific activity in the HD cell circuit.
Implementation of a 20Mbps high-speed base-band processing unit with synchronisation: A communications test-bed

The high demand in providing broadband mobile services for 3G+ systems motivates researchers and engineers to design, implement and test highly efficient and scalable high speed communication systems. With similar motivations, in this paper, we present a high speed base-band processing unit implemented in software targeting high speed hardware devices for advanced communication receiver design. The hardware platform, implementation methodologies, the reprogrammable software, and the theory behind the implemented communication system are presented here. The synchronisation sub-systems of the base-band processing unit are also presented here.
Reality jockey: lifting the barrier between alternate realities through audio and haptic feedback

We present Reality Jockey, a system that confuses the participant's perception of the reality by mixing in a recorded past-reality. The participant will be immersed in a spatialized 3D sound environment that is a mix of sounds from the reality and from the past. The sound environment from the past is augmented with haptic feedback in cross-modality. The haptic feedback is associated with certain sounds such as the vibration in the table when stuff is placed on the table to make the illusion of it happening in live. The seamless transition between live and past creates immersive experience of past events. The blending of live and past allows interactivity. To validate our system, we conducted user studies on 1) does blending live sensations improve such experiences, and 2) how beneficial is it to provide haptic feedbacks in recorded pasts. Potential applications are suggested to illustrate the significance of Reality Jockey.
Opinion dynamics of random-walking agents on a lattice

The opinion dynamics of random-walking agents on finite two-dimensional lattices is studied. In the model, the opinion is continuous, and both the lattice and the opinion can be either periodic or nonperiodic. At each time step, all agents move randomly on the lattice, and update their opinions based on those of neighbors with whom the differences of opinion are not greater than a given threshold. Due to the effect of repeated averaging, opinions first converge locally, and eventually reach steady states. As in other models with bounded confidence, steady states in general are those with one or more opinion groups in which all agents have the same opinion. When both the lattice and the opinion are periodic, however, metastable states can emerge, in which the whole spectrum of location-dependent opinions can coexist. This result shows that, when a set of continuous opinions forms a structure like a circle, unlike the typically used linear opinions, rich dynamic behavior can arise. When there are geographical restrictions in real situations, a complete consensus is rarely reached, and metastable states here might be one of the explanations for these situations, especially when opinions are not linear.