Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing IEC 62351 to Improve Security for Energy Automation in Smart Grid Environments

Information security has gained tremendous importance for energy distribution and energy automation systems over the last years. Standards like IEC61850 offer standardized communication services and standardized data models for communication in energy automation. IEC 61850 is flanked by the standard IEC 62351 that especially addresses security and specifies technical requirements which have to be met by vendors. Especially, vendors that cover the entire energy automation chain with their product portfolio face new demanding challenges imposed by new use cases that come with the rise of the Smart Grid. This paper describes the current state of the standardization of IEC 62351, gives an overview of current and new use cases, and discusses potential enhancements of the standard to address new use cases. The enhancements allow multiple parallel distinguishable sessions based on MMS and proper authentication as well as authorization.
Beamforming-Based Physical Layer Network Coding for Non-Regenerative Multi-Way Relaying

We propose non-regenerative multi-way relaying where a half-duplex multi-antenna relay station (RS) assists multiple single-antenna nodes to communicate with each other. The required number of communication phases is equal to the number of the nodes, N. There are only one multiple-access phase, where the nodes transmit simultaneously to the RS, and broadcast (BC) phases. Two transmission methods for the BC phases are proposed, namely, multiplexing transmission and analog network coded transmission. The latter is a cooperation method between the RS and the nodes to manage the interference in the network. Assuming that perfect channel state information is available, the RS performs transceive beamforming to the received signals and transmits simultaneously to all nodes in each BC phase. We address the optimum transceive beamforming maximising the sum rate of non-regenerative multi-way relaying. Due to the nonconvexity of the optimization problem, we propose suboptimum but practical signal processing schemes. For multiplexing transmission, we propose suboptimum schemes based on zero forcing, minimising the mean square error, and maximising the signal to noise ratio. For analog network coded transmission, we propose suboptimum schemes based on matched filtering and semidefinite relaxation of maximising the minimum signal to noise ratio. It is shown that analog network coded transmission outperforms multiplexing transmission.
Embedding by Normalisation

This paper presents the insight that practical embedding techniques, commonly used for implementing Domain-Specific Languages, correspond to theoretical Normalisation-By-Evaluation (NBE) techniques, commonly used for deriving canonical form of terms with respect to an equational theory. NBE constitutes of four components: a syntactic domain, a semantic domain, and a pair of translations between the two. Embedding also often constitutes of four components: an object language, a host language, encoding of object terms in the host, and extraction of object code from the host. The correspondence is deep in that all four components in embedding and NBE correspond to each other. Based on this correspondence, this paper introduces Embedding-By-Normalisation (EBN) as a principled approach to study and structure embedding. The correspondence is useful in that solutions from NBE can be borrowed to solve problems in embedding. In particular, based on NBE techniques, such as Type-Directed Partial Evaluation, this paper presents a solution to the problem of extracting object code from embedded programs involving sum types, such as conditional expressions, and primitives, such as literals and operations on them.
A social inverted index for social-tagging-based information retrieval

Keywords have played an important role not only for searchers who formulate a query, but also for search engines that index documents and evaluate the query. Recently, tags chosen by users to annotate web resources are gaining significance for improving information retrieval (IR) tasks, in that they can act as meaningful keywords bridging the gap between humans and machines. One critical aspect of tagging (besides the tag and the resource) is the user (or tagger); there exists a ternary relationship among the tag, resource, and user. The traditional inverted index, however, does not consider the user aspect, and is based on the binary relationship between term and document. In this paper we propose a social inverted index – a novel inverted index extended for social-tagging-based IR – that maintains a separate user sublist for each resource in a resource-posting list to contain each user’s various features as weights. The social inverted index is different from the normal inverted index in that it regards each user as a unique person, rather than simply count the number of users, and highlights the value of a user who has participated in tagging. This extended structure facilitates the use of dynamic resource weights, which are expected to be more meaningful than simple user-frequency-based weights. It also allows a flexible response to the conditional queries that are increasingly required in tag-based IR. Our experiments have shown that this user-considering indexing performs better in IR tasks than a normal inverted index with no user sublists. The time and space overhead required for index construction and maintenance was also acceptable.
REVIEW OF THE SERVQUAL CONCEPT

The basic aim of this paper is to review the literature and point out at the main controversies regarding the SERVQUAL and to defend this robust instrument. Namely, SERVQUAL was the first and, doubtless, most popular measurement tool for service quality. However, usefulness of the SERVQUAL instrument is questionable for a number of reasons. First, empiric studies have produced inconsistent results regarding whether expectations should be included as a variable. Second, several studies have failed to detect the same dimensions as Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1985, 1988), when applying the SERVQUAL instrument in some different service areas.
Postsystolic Shortening in Ischemic Myocardium: Active Contraction or Passive Recoil?

Background—Postsystolic shortening in ischemic myocardium has been proposed as a marker of tissue viability. Our objectives were to determine if postsystolic shortening represents active fiber shortening or passive recoil and if postsystolic shortening may be quantified by strain Doppler echocardiography (SDE). Methods and Results—In 15 anesthetized dogs, we measured left ventricular (LV) pressure, myocardial long-axis strains by SDE, and segment lengths by sonomicrometry before and during LAD stenosis and occlusion. Active contraction was defined as elevated LVP and stress during postsystolic shortening when compared with the fully relaxed ventricle at similar segment lengths. LAD stenosis decreased systolic shortening from 10.4±1.2% to 5.9±0.9% (P <0.05), whereas postsystolic shortening increased from 1.1±0.3% to 4.2±0.7% (P <0.05). In hypokinetic and akinetic segments, LV pressure–segment length and LV stress–segment length loop analysis indicated that postsystolic shortening was active. LAD occlusion resulted in dyskinesis, and postsystolic shortening increased additionally to 8.2±1.0% (P <0.05). After 3 to 5 minutes with LAD occlusion, the dyskinetic segment generated no active stress, and the postsystolic shortening was attributable to passive recoil. Elevation of afterload caused hypokinetic segments to become dyskinetic, and postsystolic shortening remained partly active. Postsystolic shortening by SDE correlated well with sonomicrometry (r =0.83, P <0.01). Conclusions—Postsystolic shortening is a relatively nonspecific feature of ischemic myocardium and may occur in dyskinetic segments by an entirely passive mechanism. However, in segments with systolic hypokinesis or akinesis, postsystolic shortening is a marker of actively contracting myocardium. SDE was able to quantify postsystolic shortening and might represent a clinical method for identifying actively contracting and hence viable myocardium.
Who/cds/csr/isr/2000.1 Who Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious Diseases L Le E I Is Sh H M Ma a N N I Ia as Si Is S Chapter 10 Leishmaniasis and Leishmania/hiv Co-infection

This document has been downloaded from the WHO/CSR Web site. The original cover pages are not included. See http://www.who. int/emc for more information. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. The mention of specific companies or specific manufacturers' products does no imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Ugandan Men Is Associated with Increased Abundance and Function of HIV Target Cells in Blood, but Not the Foreskin: A Cross-sectional Study

Background Schistosoma mansoni infection has been associated with an increased HIV prevalence in humans and SHIV incidence in primate models. We hypothesized that immune activation from this gastrointestinal mucosa infection would increase highly HIV-susceptible CD4 T cell subsets in the blood and the foreskin through common mucosal homing. Methodology/Principal Findings Foreskin tissue and blood were obtained from 34 HIV- and malaria-uninfected Ugandan men who volunteered for elective circumcision, 12 of whom were definitively positive for S. mansoni eggs in stool and 12 definitively negative for both S. mansoni eggs and worm antigen. Tissue and blood T cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Th17 and Th1 cells from both the blood and foreskin expressed higher levels of CCR5 and were more activated than other CD4 T cell subsets. S. mansoni-infected men had a higher frequency of systemic Th1 cells (22.9 vs. 16.5% of blood CD4 T cells, p<0.05), Th17 cells (2.3 vs. 1.5%, p<0.05), and Th22 cells (0.5 vs. 0.3%, p<0.01) than uninfected men. Additionally, Th17 cells in the blood of S. mansoni-infected men demonstrated enhanced function (28.1 vs. 16.3% producing multiple cytokines, p = 0.046). However, these immune alterations were not observed in foreskin tissue. Conclusions/Significance S. mansoni infection was associated with an increased frequency of highly HIV-susceptible Th1, Th17 and Th22 cell subsets in the blood, but these T cell immune differences did not extend to the foreskin. S. mansoni induced changes in T cell immunology mediated through the common mucosal immune system are not likely to increase HIV susceptibility in the foreskin.
An Empirical Analysis of Debt Financing on Firm Investment Behavior: Evidence from China

This study examines the impacts of debt financing on the firms’ investment decisions by employing the method of the multiple linear regression on the data from 2006-2008 of 60 Chinese real estate listed companies. We obtain three major findings. First, there is a negative relation between debt financing and investment behavior in both firms with low-growth opportunities and high-growth opportunities and that this negative effect is significantly stronger for firms with low-growth opportunities than those with high-growth opportunities. Second, there is a positive relation between debt financing and investment behavior in firms with mid growth opportunities and operating performance. Third, for the state-owned holding companies, there is a positive relation between the scale of investment and debt financing; while a negative relation between investment and debt financing exists in non-state-owned holding companies. The results provide support to agency theories of corporate leverage, and especially the theory that leverage has a disciplining role for firms with low-growth opportunities.
Scalable data center network architecture with distributed placement of optical switches and racks

Cloud services are fundamentally supported by data center networks (DCNs). With the fast growth of cloud services, the scale of DCNs is increasing rapidly, leading to great concern about system scalability due to multiple constraints. This paper proposes a scalable DCN architecture based on optical switching and transmission, with the distributed placement of optical switches and server racks at different nodes in a given optical network. This solves the scalability issue by relaxing power and cooling constraints and by reducing the number of (electronic) switches using high-capacity optical switches, as well as by simplifying DCN internal connections using wavelengths in the optical network. Moreover, the distributed optical switches provide service access interfaces to meet demand within areas, and thus reduce the transmission cost of the external traffic. The major concern is the additional delay and cost for remote transmissions of the DCN internal traffic. To this end, we study the component placement problem in DCNs under a given set of external demands and internal traffic patterns. By leveraging among multiple conflicting factors such as scalability and internal overhead of the DCN as well as the transmission cost of external traffic, we propose both an integer linear program and a heuristic to minimize the system cost of a DCN while satisfying all service demands in the network. This addresses both scalability and cost minimization issues from a network point of view.
Association between occupational physical activity and myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study

Objective Recommendations regarding physical activity typically include both leisure time and occupational physical activity. However, the results from previous studies on occupational physical activity and the association with myocardial infarction have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate if occupational physical activity is associated with the risk of myocardial infarction. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants Data from the Swedish Work, Lipids and Fibrinogen (WOLF) study was used, comprising 9961 employees (6849 men, 3112 women, mean age 42.7 years) having no history of myocardial infarction. The participants were categorised into 3 groups according to their level of occupational physical activity. Outcome Data regarding incident myocardial infarction were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register. Cox proportional hazard regression was used for estimation of HRs for different levels of occupational physical activity in relation to the risk of myocardial infarction. Results During a mean follow-up of 13.1 years, 249 cases of incident myocardial infarction were identified. In analyses adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic status, participants standing and walking more than 50% of their working day had an HR of 1.13 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.54), compared with participants seated more than 50% of their working day. The corresponding HR for participants whose work included lifting or carrying was 0.86 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.24). Further adjustment did not alter the results. Stratified analyses resulted in a significantly decreased risk for young people whose work included lifting or carrying, HR 0.37 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.84), compared with younger persons who sat most of their working day. Conclusions No significant association between occupational physical activity and the risk of myocardial infarction was observed in the total group of employees in this study. Based on the results from this study, occupational physical activity in general does not seem to be enough for reducing the risk of myocardial infarction.
A broad-band flux scale for low-frequency radio telescopes

We present parametrized broad-band spectral models valid at frequencies between 30 and 300 MHz for six bright radio sources selected from the 3C survey, spread in right ascension from 0 to 24 h. For each source, data from the literature are compiled and tied to a common flux density scale. These data are then used to parametrize an analytic polynomial spectral calibration model. The optimal polynomial order in each case is determined using the ratio of the Bayesian evidence for the candidate models. Maximum likelihood parameter values for each model are presented, with associated errors, and the percentage error in each model as a function of frequency is derived. These spectral models are intended as an initial reference for science from the new generation of low-frequency telescopes now coming online, with particular emphasis on the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR).
Effect of postnatal development on calcium currents and slow charge movement in mammalian skeletal muscle

Single- (whole-cell patch) and two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques were used to measure transient (Ifast) and sustained (Islow) calcium currents, linear capacitance, and slow, voltage-dependent charge movements in freshly dissociated fibers of the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle of rats of various postnatal ages. Peak Ifast was largest in FDB fibers of neonatal (1-5 d) rats, having a magnitude in 10 mM external Ca of 1.4 +/- 0.9 pA/pF (mean +/- SD; current normalized by linear fiber capacitance). Peak Ifast was smaller in FDB fibers of older animals, and by approximately 3 wk postnatal, it was so small as to be unmeasurable. By contrast, the magnitudes of Islow and charge movement increased substantially during postnatal development. Peak Islow was 3.6 +/- 2.5 pA/pF in FDB fibers of 1-5-d rats and increased to 16.4 +/- 6.5 pA/pF in 45-50-d-old rats; for these same two age groups, Qmax, the total mobile charge measurable as charge movement, was 6.0 +/- 1.7 and 23.8 +/- 4.0 nC/microF, respectively. As both Islow and charge movement are thought to arise in the transverse-tubular system, linear capacitance normalized by the area of fiber surface was determined as an indirect measure of the membrane area of the t-system relative to that of the fiber surface. This parameter increased from 1.5 +/- 0.2 microF/cm2 in 2-d fibers to 2.9 +/- 0.4 microF/cm2 in 44-d fibers. The increases in peak Islow, Qmax, and normalized linear capacitance all had similar time courses. Although the function of Islow is unknown, the substantial postnatal increase in its magnitude suggests that it plays an important role in the physiology of skeletal muscle.
Analyzing effects of multi agent's technology towards software quality assurance and quality engineering

Technological boom has changed the working practices of software engineers and brought new ideas along with it. Thus from a standalone co-located development, the software now a days are developed in distributed, more collaborated and dynamic environment. This paper discusses quality engineering (QE) activities specifically dealing with the issues of quality assurance (QA) for software projects developed in a distributed environment. A multi agent framework is presented to help the quality manager to achieve quality in the software product.
The role of long non-coding RNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: As systemic review

Recent development of cutting edge research found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays important roles in carcinogenesis and progression. In Southeast Asia and North Africa, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common aggressive squamous cell carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is most frequently occurring in males. However, nasopharyngeal carcinoma is caused by a combination of several factors as viral, environmental factors, and heredity. Till now, the potential pathway or mechanism of NPC is not well known. In our present review, we strongly emphasized on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and its significant role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It has been showed that lncRNAs regulate the development and progression of different types of cancers, including NPC. In addition, it has been found that chromatin organization, transcriptional and post-transcriptional events are regulated by lncRNAs. Our present review summarizes the roles of lncRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and provides an overview of the feasibility of lncRNAs as diagnosis, prognosis and potential treatment for NPC patients.
Ball trajectories in tennis - Lateral and vertical placement of right handed men’s singles serves

The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of tennis serves in a more accurate and more tennis-specific way than previous studies. In order to do that, the y-z-coordinates when the ball is level with the receiver were calculated based on a model with data obtained by Hawk-Eye technology for 10418 serves of 53 right handed male players on hard court. Two way repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant differences for lateral and vertical distributions between serves from the ad court and from the deuce court, as well as for first and second serves. First serves lateral distribution was M-shaped, but apparently independent of tactical intentions towards the opponent, whereas second serves are placed more frequently on the backhand-side of the receiver. Furthermore, the second serves pass show a higher trajectory. Thus the results of the study also confirmed the necessity of including the z-coordinate in investigations on service placement in tennis.
Learning Subjective Representations for Planning

Planning involves using a model of an agent's actions to find a sequence of decisions which achieve a desired goal. It is usually assumed that the models are given, and such models often require expert knowledge of the domain. This paper explores subjective representations for planning that are learned directly from agent observations and actions (requiring no initial domain knowledge). A non-linear embedding technique called Action Respecting Embedding is used to construct such a representation. It is then shown how to extract the effects of the agent's actions as operators in this learned representation. Finally, the learned representation and operators are combined with search to find sequences of actions that achieve given goals. The efficacy of this technique is demonstrated in a challenging robot-vision-inspired image domain.
Robust speech recognition using a voiced-unvoiced feature

In this paper, a voiced-unvoiced measure is used as acoustic feature for continuous speech recognition. The voiced-unvoiced measure was combined with the standard Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to choose the most relevant features. Experiments were performed on the SieTill (German digit strings recorded over telephone line) and on the SPINE (English spontaneous speech under different simulated noisy environments) corpus. The additional voiced-unvoiced measure results in improvements in word error rate (WER) of up to 11% relative to using MFCC alone with the same overall number of parameters in the system.
Evaluating Scratch to Introduce Younger Schoolchildren to Programming

The Scratch system was designed to enable computing novices, without much programming experience, to develop their creativity, make multimedia products, and share them with their friends and on a social media website. It can also be used to introduce programming to novices. In this initial study, we used Scratch to teach some elementary programming to young children (eight years old) in their ICT class, for eight lessons in all. Data were recorded to measure any cognitive progress of the pupils, and any affective impact that the lessons had on them. Thechildren were soon able to write elementary programs, and moreover evidently had a lot of fun doing so. An interview with their teacher showed that some of the pupils did surprisingly well, beyond all expectations. While the cognitive progress is moderate, the main advantage to Scratch in this study seems to be that its enjoyability makes learning how to program a positive experience, contrary to the frustration and anxiety that so often seems to characterise the usual learning experience.