Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Naïve Bayes Domain Adaptation for Biological Sequences

The increased volume of biological data requires automatic computation tools to analyze it. Although machine learning methods have been successfully used with biological sequences in a supervised framework, their accuracy usually suffers when a classifier is learned on a source domain and applied to a different, less studied domain, in a domain adaptation framework. To address this issue, we propose to use an algorithm that combines labeled sequences from a well studied organism, the source domain, with labeled and unlabeled sequences from a related, less studied organism, the target domain. Our experimental results show that this algorithm has high classifying accuracy on the target domain.
The PTPN22 620W allele confers susceptibility to systemic sclerosis: findings of a large case-control study of European Caucasians and a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether genetic variants of the PTPN22 gene, including the R620W (1858C>T) missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), are associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Since PTPN22 is involved in multiple autoimmune diseases, we also examined the occurrence of a concomitant autoimmune disease. We then conducted a meta-analysis of the most recent studies of SSc in order to verify the association or lack of association between the PTPN22 1858C>T variant and SSc. METHODS Seven PTPN22 SNPs were analyzed in a French Caucasian cohort of 659 SSc patients and 504 healthy controls. All SSc patient sera were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against topoisomerase I (anti-topo I) and for anticentromere antibodies (ACAs). RESULTS The co-occurrence of an autoimmune disease was observed in 22% of the 416 SSc patients who were exhaustively screened. In 33 of the 416 patients (8%), the concomitant autoimmune disease was known to be associated with PTPN22 1858T; these patients were excluded prior to analysis. No association was detected for any of the SNPs tested. PTPN22 haplotype analysis identified a strong association between SSc and the presence of a risk haplotype carrying the 1858T allele (P = 1.52 x 10(-7)) and a protective haplotype carrying the 1858C allele (P = 2.20 x 10(-16)) in our French Caucasian population. The meta-analysis provided evidence that the PTPN22 1858T allele is involved in the genetic susceptibility to SSc in Caucasian (P = 8.39 x 10(-3), OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.02-1.15]) and mixed (P = 3.11 x 10(-3), OR 1.09 [95% CI 1.04-1.16]) populations, particularly in the anti-topo I-positive subset. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that PTPN22, a shared genetic factor of multiple autoimmune diseases, also contributes to the genetic background of SSc.
Wnt3a Regulates the Development of Cardiac Neural Crest Cells by Modulating Expression of Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein 2 in Rhombomere 6

The cardiac neural crest is a subpopulation of neural crest cells (NCCs) that originates from the dorsal neural tube and later migrates to the heart and pharyngeal arch (PA), where they contribute to distinct aspects of cardiogenesis and PA patterning. Wnt family members have been implicated in general neural crest induction; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specification of distinct cell types such as cardiac NCCs remain unclear. Here, we have identified cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2 (crip2), a gene encoding for a LIM domain–containing protein, as a novel marker for cardiac NCCs in zebrafish. We observed a dynamic expression pattern for crip2, with expression being detected in the premigratory NCCs in rhombomere 6 (r6), migrating NCCs, ventricular cardiomyocytes, and aortic vessels in PAs 3 to 6. Interestingly, expression of wnt3a was detected in regions of the dorsal neural tube encompassing r6, and reduction of wnt3a led to disrupted expression of crip2 in r6, abnormal migration of NCCs, and defective cardiac function, as well as PA development. Furthermore, these phenotypes could be recapitulated by reduction of crip2 and rescued by overexpression of crip2. In summary, our data suggest a specific role for Wnt3a in the development of cardiac NCCs. We propose that this function of wnt3a in r6 is partially mediated by crip2 expression in the premigratory cardiac NCCs, which subsequently affects cardiac function and PA patterning.
Regional quantitative study of formation process of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus of non‐demented elderly brains: Comparison with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease brains

We quantitatively investigated the formation process of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the hippocampus of 32 brains from non‐demented elderly persons using tau‐immunohistochemistry, compared with 13 brains from patients with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 32 non‐demented elderly brains were classified into 16 brains in group I and 16 brains in group II mainly based on the distribution of tau‐positive neurons in the hippocampus. Tau‐positive neurons were found predominantly in the CA2 in group I, while they were found predominantly in the subiculum∼pre‐CA1 in group II. Most late‐onset AD brains showed a distribution of tau‐positive neurons similar to that in group II. In addition, the distribution pattern of tau‐positive neurons in the hippocampus was closely related to degeneration of the perforant pathway with the accumulation of tau. These findings suggest that NFT occur first in the CA2 and extend to the subiculum∼pre‐CA1 in group I, while they occur first in the subiculum∼pre‐CA1 and extend to the CA2 later in group II, and that the NFT occurring in the subiculum∼pre‐CA1 are mainly related to degeneration of the perforating route and in the CA2 are related to the degeneration of the non‐perforating route.
Open Order Due Date Maintenance in MRP Systems

This paper is concerned with the problem of maintaining open order due dates in job shops that plan and schedule their operations using Material Requirements Planning MRP methodology. Two different techniques for dealing with open order due date changes are analyzed using customer service level and total inventory level performance measures. With the first technique, called the fixed due date approach, due dates are never changed from those originally assigned to orders when released to the shop. With the second technique, called the dynamic due date approach, all due dates are updated to reflect actual need dates. Beyond evaluating them in an MRP context, this study extends current understanding of these two techniques by observing them in a variety of different operating environments. The results of the study indicate that: 1 the dynamic due date approach performs as good as, or better than, the fixed due date approach across a wide range of operating conditions; and 2 operating conditions have an important effect on the magnitude of the performance differential between the two approaches.
Boundaries, Values and the Contested Nature of Market Expansion

The expansion of markets and market rhetoric constitutes two interconnected trends in an epoch under the hegemony of neoliberalism. The ideological and political salience of this process might have contributed to the growing interest in, and debate about, the moral nature of markets and the consequences of their contested encroachment upon certain spheres of social life. This article intends to contribute to this debate by scrutinising some of the criticisms that have been directed at a tradition of critical social thought, as expounded by authors such as Michael Walzer and Elizabeth Anderson, which has put forward a moral defence of boundaries on the expansion of the ‘market domain’. It will be argued that the criticisms that have been levelled against this approach, especially within some strands of feminist social theory, are based on a very one-sided and uncharitable reading of this tradition of critical social thought, which gives rise to several misunderstandings that this article intends to dispel. The so-called ‘separate spheres’ perspective is much more subtle in its views than is recognised by its main critics and is therefore capable of accommodating most of their legitimate concerns, especially the ones related to the important issues of pluralism and autonomy. The approach put forward by, among others, Michael Walzer and Elizabeth Anderson is best known for having developed a set of arguments in favour of maintaining and strengthening boundaries separating market from non-market realms of human interaction. These boundaries, to be created by certain rules and institutional arrangements, would aim at ensuring that society is structured so that there are different and autonomous distributive spheres, encompassing different social goods. The integrity of certain goods is then respected by assuring that their effective principles of distribution are in accordance with their dominant social meanings in a particular political community. This expresses the recognition that there are important and incommensurable social values which cannot flourish in the market. Underlying this approach is also a concern with reconciling freedom, autonomy and equality. Upholding these values presupposes commitments on behalf of the political community. These should not only ensure that certain social goods remain totally outside the market, but also that others are not totally commodified. New Political Economy, Vol. 13, No. 3, September 2008
Studies of the tumorigenic effect of two goitrogens

The nature of tumors appearing in the thyroid gland and in the lungs of mice fed two standard goitrogenic drugs (MTU and MII) has been studied. These tumors have been considered malignant on the basis of their morphological appearance and their occurrence in abnormal locations. Some investigators, however, have questioned that they are actually malignant. The present results indicate that these tumors are most likely not malignant even if it is shown that the pulmonary nodules are of thyroid origin. The thyroid adenomas disappear once the goitrogen is withdrawn, but thyroid enlargement persists, and even 6 months after discontinuation of the goitrogenic treatment, pulmonary nodules are still produced. Evidence is presented that these nodules are emboli from hyperplastic thyroid tissue and not tumors.
Development of of macrophage migration inhibition in rabbits infected with virulent Treponema pallidum

Peritoneal exudate cells from rabbits infected with Treponema pallidum Nichols were used as indicators of macrophage migration inhibitory factor activity. Between 3 and 15 weeks after infection, the migration of peritoneal exudate cells was inhibited in the presence of 3 to 25 microgram of T. phagedenis biovar Reiter protein per ml. Before this period, the migration patterns of peritoneal exudate cells from infected animals were uninhibited and similar to those from noninfected control rabbits. These observations were correlated with the development of active cell-mediated immunity during experimental T. pallidum infection.
Comparison of Primer Sets for Use in Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis of Aquatic Bacterial Communities: an Ecological Perspective

ABSTRACT Two primer sets for automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) were used to assess the bacterial community composition (BCC) in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, over 3 years. Correspondence analysis revealed differences in community profiles generated by different primer sets, but overall ecological patterns were conserved in each case. ARISA is a powerful tool for evaluating BCC change through space and time, regardless of the specific primer set used.
Screening for autism

Screening measures to identify very young children at risk for autism spectrum disorders include the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M–CHAT) and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ). To examine the validity of these written questionnaires, parents completed them prior to their child's diagnostic assessment at a tertiary autism clinic. The M–CHAT was given to 84 parents of 2 to 3-year-olds and the SCQ to 94 parents of 4 to 6-year olds. On both measures sensitivity was higher than specificity with positive predictive values 0.63–0.68. False negatives, or children with autism who were missed by screening, were somewhat higher functioning than true positives. Results were better for parents who spoke English as a second language, contrary to expectations. At this stage of development these tools would be recommended as part of more comprehensive surveillance programmes to identify children in need of further assessment but not to ‘screen out’ the possibility of autism.
Devaluation and Output Growth in Palestine: Evidence from a CGE model

Whether exchange rate devaluation supports economic growth or not is an open question empirically. This paper analyzes the impacts of the devaluation on the Palestinian economy using a computable general equilibrium model. We investigate the effect of a 15% devaluation of the exchange rate on output growth of Palestine. By using latest data (a 2012 social accounting matrix for Palestine) and CGE modeling, this paper finds that devaluation is contractionary in Palestine. A 15% devaluation of the exchange rate results on lower real gross domestic product, the simulation results show that GDP will decrease by 1.99 %. Import and export will decline by 20.61% and 52.67% respectably. Also, a 15 percent devaluation will reduce the level of private consumption by 6.31 % and inflation (CPI) will increase by 4.7 from the base line.
Capital Structure Determinants and Governance Structure Variety in Franchising

textabstractThis thesis investigates two questions: the determinants of capital structure in franchising and its subsequent impact on the franchise financing decisions; and the efficient governance structure choice in franchising. We posit that firms franchise in order to benefit from the reduced franchisees’ operational risks by limiting the debt level, such that the franchisor can bear more debt and gain tax-deduction benefits. Specific hypotheses are based on various theories like resource-based view, agency theory, signaling theory and classical capital structure theories. We empirically find that as the franchisor requires franchisees to put more equity in the initial investment, the franchisor does bear a higher debt level and gains from tax deductibility of interest expenses. This effect is stronger when more units are franchised. Moreover, we also find evidence supporting our prediction that the franchisee’s leverage is positively linked with franchisor’s maturity. This suggests that as the franchisor imposes a higher level of franchisee’s leverage in order to screen capable franchisees, the franchisor also increases their maturity to reduce bankruptcy risks. This thesis also explores the impact of governance structure on the incentives to invest in specific assets for the franchisor as well as the distributors. Wholly-owned, wholly-franchised, and mixed franchise systems are considered. Circumstances are identified when a dual distribution governance structure uniquely allocates efficient ownership over assets. A necessary condition for the efficiency of a dual distribution governance structure is a positive systemic effect, not the value of the brand name or location (or other) differences between outlets. We find that whether dual distribution benefits are realized in a franchise or a cooperative franchise depends on whether most value is added upstream or downstream.
Personal Relations and Formation of Employment Strategy in a Labor Market

Among the economical crisis existence in today has suffered important problem as looking for a job. This paper purposes to analyze the way of application tendency through previous quality for applicants compare with the employment strategy in a labor market. Analysis of the employment strategy is by using personal resume in Songkhla agricultural area. Researching results show that social network is like the employment strategy which expects the labor market. As though economical crisis existence measure of unemployment is more than 1/2.Changing position is supported by friends, relations and family. Analysis result of employment strategy cannot refuse that social network is flexible and universal. The employment strategy is supported from social network as using principle of employment through the personal relations. The finding for a job which is used social network. It has to be evaluated social network activities. The flexibility is being estimated and disagreed with the labor market requirement.
THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES IN ACTINIC AND OTHER KERATOSES

Actinic keratoses (AK) are common in fair-complexed older persons. '"''^ Other premalignant cutaneous neoplasms are less so. The nature and treatment of these keratoses have been debated for years. For example, at the Third International Congress of Dermatology in London, England, in 1898, one morning-session featured a debate between Unna, Brooke, and Dubreuilh on "the aetiology and varieties of keratosis. " Dubreuilh'' divided "keratoses pre-cancereuses" into categories such as keratome senile, cancer arsenical, and cancer des paraffineurs. Thus, it is evident that the senile or actinic keratosis and certain other ones have long been considered as precursors of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. '''-^''^•"*~-' Cancers arising from premalignant keratinocytic keratoses are usually of this type, although a basal cell carcinoma may also arise. '•-''•''^"
Implications of population ageing for the labour market

● Key issues raised in the literature on the ageing of the labour force include the need to maintain the employability of older workers who wish to remain in work; the need to maintain the relevance of older workers’ skills; and the need to ensure that mobility levels are sufficient for adjustment to future changes in the location and composition of jobs. Key points This article presents work undertaken as part of the Labour Market and Demography Project. It is a literature review, and, as such, the views discussed are not necessarily the views of ONS.
Multi-period Health Insurance Contracts and Bayesian Updating of Beliefs

Informational asymmetries can be overcome by offering dynamic contracts with experience rating. Among others, Cooper and Hayes (1987) have theoretically demonstrated this result in both a monopolistic and a competitive environment. The purpose of this contribution is to extend the Cooper and Hayes' model to take into account the Bayesian updating of beliefs by insurers. It is motivated by the observed fact that, in health insurance markets, some genetic diseases have a higher probability of recurrence for gene carriers than for non carriers. We show that, in a two-period monopolistic setting, the updating of beliefs in the second period is detrimental to the high-risk individuals that have supported a disease in the first period: these individuals can no longer benefit from full insurance as they did in the Cooper and Hayes' setting. When allowing entrants, experience rating is no longer available to supply contracts to high-risk individuals. Competition is still beneficial to all individuals but detrimental to the incumbent company that is bound to forsake its profits to keep its clientele.
Effect of Sexual Arousal on Cortical Coupling During Performance of the Tower of Hanoi Task in Young Men

Sexual arousal affects cognitive processing, which depends on the coordinated functioning among cortical areas. The aim of this research was to determine whether previous observation of videos with sexual content affects the degree of cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) coupling during performance of an executive task. Cortical EEG correlations were calculated in three groups of heterosexual men under three conditions: at rest; during observation of a video with neutral, aggressive, or erotic content; and while performing the Tower of Hanoi task (TOH). Based on self-reports, it was shown that the erotic video induced general and sexual arousal, while the aggressive video affected valence and general arousal. Task performance was similar in all three groups. During performance of TOH, only the erotic group showed a decreased correlation between prefrontal areas with an increased correlation between parietal and prefrontotemporal areas, specifically in the slow bands. It is likely that these changes in the degree of cortical coupling could be associated with the cognitive strategies or functional adaptations that participants require to adequately solve the task during a state of sexual arousal. These data could contribute to improving our understanding of the central nervous mechanisms that underlie the effect of sexual arousal on the cognitive processes involved in tasks like TOH.
The franchise partner selection process and implications for India

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights on the franchise partner recruitment process and decision‐making criteria used to select partners. It aims to investigate the process and parameters considered by franchisees in selecting potential international hotel organizations as partners. The success of such choices influences growth of the firms and consequently affecting industry and economy.Design/methodology/approach – In‐depth semi‐structured interviews with owners, directors, vice presidents and mangers of the franchisee organizations were deployed.Findings – Findings suggest that partner selection is a multidimensional activity involving several key stages. Indian franchisees use profitability, brand name, operations support as decision‐making criteria while selecting their partners.Practical implications – Differences occur at various stages of partner selection. A proper understanding of partner selection dynamics and careful consideration of criteria's like culture, organizational .
Environmental protection for the 1990s and beyond

Four major changes taking place in environmental protection are: (1) a focus on toxic substances and their ecological impacts, (2) a shift from industrial to private citizen responsibility, (3) new tools and strategies among the environmental professionals, and (4) shifting roles played by various levels of government and private citizens. Following a historical review which highlights the ecological and health effects of strip mining, the author explores environmental threats and protection in terms of how humans relate to natural systems. The wide dispersal of pollution sources will require changing the behavior of individuals and trading some personal freedoms in order to reduce risks. The new approach will require a more open decision making process so that citizens and institutions become partners in the effort.
Reduced exposure variability of the CYP3A substrate simvastatin by dose individualization to CYP3A activity

This study aimed to demonstrate that the dose of a CYP3A substrate (simvastatin) can be adapted individually on the basis of CYP3A activity as assessed by midazolam metabolic clearance. In 18 healthy participants individual CYP3A activity was quantified using midazolam metabolic clearance both alone and during CYP3A inhibition with 40 mg ritonavir. Thereafter, simvastatin acid exposure was determined after a simvastatin standard dose (40 mg) and doses adapted to individual CYP3A activity at baseline and during CYP3A inhibition. Interindividual variability of CYP3A activity and simvastatin acid AUC0–24 was large and both correlated (r2 = 0.745, P < .001). The adapted simvastatin doses ranged from 25 to 80 mg and their administration reduced simvastatin variability fivefold. Despite the low adapted simvastatin dose of 12 mg during CYP3A inhibition with ritonavir, exposure increased (point estimate of 4.2 [90% CI: 3.15–5.61]) probably caused by additional OATP1B1 inhibition. CYP3A activity‐based dose adaptation can be used to reduce interindividual variability in simvastatin exposure.