Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bach1 Modulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression in the Neonatal Mouse Lung

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation and antioxidant defense protein, is induced in the lungs of animals exposed to hyperoxia. However, high levels of HO-1 expression may be deleterious, thus necessitating tight regulation. Previous reports show maturational differences in rat HO-1 regulation in hyperoxia, as newborns do not up-regulate HO-1mRNA compared with adults. To better understand the differential response of lung HO-1 to hyperoxia, we exposed newborn and adult mice to >95% oxygen. The newborn lungs had reduced HO-1 mRNA induction compared with adults and newborn transgenic mice over-expressing luciferase driven by the 15 kb HO-1 promoter (HO-1/Luc Tg) had less increased light emission in hyperoxia compared with adults. Compared with adults, levels of the repressor of HO-1 transcription, Bach1, were higher in the neonatal lung as was nuclear protein-DNA binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) from HO-1. Furthermore, at baseline and in hyperoxia, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed increased Bach1 binding to the HO-1 distal enhancers (DEs) in the neonates compared with adults. These data suggest that elevated levels of Bach1 may help to limit HO-1 induction in the newborn at baseline and in response to oxidative stress.
Density estimation from unweighted k-nearest neighbor graphs: a roadmap

Consider an unweighted k-nearest neighbor graph on n points that have been sampled i.i. d. from some unknown density p on ℝd. We prove how one can estimate the density p just from the unweighted adjacency matrix of the graph, without knowing the points themselves or any distance or similarity scores. The key insights are that local differences in link numbers can be used to estimate a local function of the gradient of p, and that integrating this function along shortest paths leads to an estimate of the underlying density.
A Social Capital Framework for Understanding the Socialization of Racial Minority Children and Youths

In this article, Ricardo Stanton-Salzar offers a network-analytic framework for understanding the socialization and schooling experiences of working-class racial minority youth. Unlike many previous writers who have examined the role of "significant others," he examines the role that relationships between youth and institutional agents, such as teachers and counselors, play in the greater multicultural context in which working-class minority youth must negotiate. Stanton-Salazar provides the conceptual foundations of a framework built around the concepts of social capital and institutional support. He concentrates on illuminating those institutional and ideological forces that he believes make access to social capital and institutional support within schools and other institutional settings so problematic for working-class minority children and adolescents. Stanton-Salazar also provides some clues as to how some working-class minority youth are able to manage their difficult participation in multiple worl.
Escuela, memoria y conflicto en Colombia. Un ejercicio del estado del arte de la temática

El hilo conductor del presente articulo es la memoria, que como dispositivo de trabajo pedagogico se convierte a la vez en un elemento de tension y sistematizacion de la experiencia docente. La lucha por la memoria oficial se evidencia en la escuela, particularmente en asignaturas como Historia y ciencias sociales escolares, que al seguir un lineamiento oficial se inscriben en las politicas de la memoria institucional, en las politicas de la historia oficial del Estado. No obstante, en los ultimos anos algunos maestros en la escuela han logrado tensionar los angulos de la memoria y la historia oficial recurriendo a experiencias significativas y de innovacion de trabajo pedagogico donde el tema del conflicto social, politico y armado, vivido tanto en el escenario rural como el urbano se ha convertido en una posibilidad tematica de trabajo en el aula.
Assessment of resting electrocardiogram, P wave dispersion and duration in different genders applying for registration to the School of Physical Education and Sports – results of a single centre Turkish Trial with 2093 healthy subjects

Abstract Background The 12-lead electrocardiogram shows a broad range of abnormal patterns in trained athletes. The primary end point of this study was to investigate P wave dispersion, and P wave durations and related factors in different genders applying for registration to the School of Physical Education and Sports. Methods and Results From 2006 to 2009, a total of 2093 students – 1674 boys with a mean age of 19.8 plus or minus 1.9 years and 419 girls with a mean age of 19.1 plus or minus 1.8 years – were included in the study. All 12 leads of the resting electrocardiogram were evaluated for P wave dispersion and electrocardiogram abnormalities. Baseline parameters such as age, body weight, body height, and body mass index, as well as electrocardiogram findings such as P wave maximal duration and P wave dispersion, were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Of all the parameters tested with correlation analysis, only gender (p = 0.03) (r = 0.04), body weight (p < 0.001) (r = 0.07), body height (p = 0.004) (r = 0.06), and body mass index (p = 0.01) (p = 0.05) were correlated with P wave dispersion. Conclusion The frequencies of all electrocardiogram abnormalities, P wave dispersion, and P wave maximal duration were higher in boys as compared with girls in an unselected student population applying for registration to the School of Physical Education and Sports; in addition, P wave dispersion was correlated with gender, body weight, body height, and body mass index.
Exploiting fully convolutional neural networks for fast road detection

Road detection is a crucial task in autonomous navigation systems. It is responsible for delimiting the road area and hence the free and valid space for maneuvers. In this paper, we consider the visual road detection problem where, given an image, the objective is to classify every of its pixels into road or non-road. We address this task by proposing a convolutional neural network architecture. We are especially interested in a model that takes advantage of a large contextual window while maintaining a fast inference. We achieve this by using a Network-in-Network (NiN) architecture and by converting the model into a fully convolutional network after training. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the effects of different contextual window sizes (the amount of contextual information) and also to evaluate the NiN aspect of the proposed architecture. Finally, we evaluated our approach using the KITTI road detection benchmark achieving results in line with other state-of-the-art methods while maintaining real-time inference. The benchmark results also reveal that the inference time of our approach is unique at this level of accuracy, being two orders of magnitude faster than other methods with similar performance.
The impact of influenza epidemics on hospitalizations.

The traditional method for assessing the severity of influenza seasons is to estimate the associated increase (i.e., excess) in pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality. In this study, excess P&I hospitalizations were estimated from National Hospital Discharge Survey Data from 26 influenza seasons (1970-1995). The average seasonal rate of excess P&I hospitalization was 49 (range, 8-102) /100,000 persons, but average rates were twice as high during A(H3N2) influenza seasons as during A(H1N1)/B seasons. Persons aged <65 years had 57% of all influenza-related hospitalizations; however, the average seasonal risk for influenza-related P&I hospitalizations was much higher in the elderly than in persons aged <65 years. The 26 pairs of excess P&I hospitalization and mortality rates were linearly correlated. During the A(H3N2) influenza seasons after the 1968 pandemic, excess P&I hospitalizations declined among persons aged <65 years but not among the elderly. This suggests that influenza-related hospitalizations will increase disproportionately among younger persons in future pandemics.
High-Tech Tools for Exercise Motivation: Use and Role of Technologies Such as the Internet, Mobile Applications, Social Media, and Video Games

IN BRIEF The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes are not active at recommended levels, and many do not have access to behavior change programs to support lifestyle change. Thus, tools and programs designed to promote the adoption and maintenance of physical activity using technology may be helpful. This article reviews the evidence regarding the use of technology tools such as the Internet, mobile applications, social media, and video games and provides suggestions for evaluating the potential benefit of such tools for behavior change.
Tachykinins and airway microvascular leakage induced by HCl intra-oesophageal instillation

Gastro-oesophageal reflux is a common clinical disorder associated with a variety of respiratory symptoms, including chronic cough and exacerbation of asthma. In this study, the potential role of acid-induced tachykinin release was examined in guinea pigs and rabbits, by examining the effects of the tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptors antagonists (SR 140333 and SR 142801, respectively) (1–10 mg·kg−1) on plasma protein extravasation induced in airways by hydrochloric acid (HCl) infusion in the oesophagus. Guinea pigs were anaesthetised with urethane, while rabbits were subject to neuroleptoanalgesia with hypnorm. Airway vascular leakage was evaluated by measuring extravasation of Evans blue dye. All animals were pretreated with atropine (1 mg·kg−1 i.p.), propranolol (1 mg·kg−1 i.p.), phosphoramidon (2.5 mg·kg−1 i.v.) and saline or tachykinin receptor antagonists (1–10 mg·kg−1 i.p.). Infusion of 1 N HCl into the oesophagus led to a three- and five-fold increase in plasma extravasation in the main bronchi and trachea, respectively. This increase was largely prevented by the tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptor antagonists SR 140333 and SR 142801 (1–10 mg·kg−1). These results suggest that protein extravasation in the airways, as induced by intra-oesophageal HCl infusion, is mainly dependent on the release of tachykinins, and that both NK1 and NK3 tachykinin receptors are involved. The results suggest that HCl-induced sensory nerve stimulation may act in the periphery on intermediate neurons and/or ganglia where NK3 receptors have been shown to play an important role.
Efficacy of paclitaxel released from bio-adhesive polymer microspheres on model superficial bladder cancer.

PURPOSE We aimed to promote the efficacy of paclitaxel in intracavitary treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder by designing bio-adhesive microspheres capable of achieving controlled release of the drug at the urothelium/urine interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) microspheres encapsulating paclitaxel were prepared by a single emulsion method. Bioactivity of the released paclitaxel was confirmed by assessing cytotoxicity on MBT-2, a bladder cancer cell line. Biodistribution of particles after bladder instillation was assessed by confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In vivo studies were performed in Balb/c mice after bladder cancer was induced by BBN (N-n-Butyl-N-butan-4-ol-nitrosamine) in drinking water. The efficacy of intravesical injections of conventional and microsphere paclitaxel was assessed by histology and survival rates. RESULTS Spherical 5 microm microspheres with 5% weight per weight paclitaxel loading ensured sustained release of bioactive paclitaxel. After bladder instillation the microspheres adhered to the mucosa and remained in the bladder lumen for at least 48 hours. In the BBN induced bladder cancer model compared with controls the 9-week survival rate was significantly improved by 2 injections of paclitaxel bio-adhesive microparticles. Microscopic evaluation confirmed the lower incidence of carcinoma in situ and high grade transitional cell carcinoma after injections of paclitaxel bio-adhesive microparticles compared with controls and with injections of similar doses of the conventional paclitaxel formulation. CONCLUSIONS Intravesical administration of poly(methylidene malonate 2.1.2) paclitaxel microspheres is a promising approach for intracavitary chemotherapy of superficial bladder cancer.
Signaling-based radio optimization in WCDMA networks

Coverage extension and quality, cell power utilization, neighbor cells ranking and other information normally provided by expensive field measurement campaigns can alternatively be extracted from signaling monitored in the Radio Network Controller. This paper, after reviewing a set of key performance metrics and optimization solutions validated experimentally in live networks, shows how automation benefits an Operator radio network planning department by increasing efficiency and reducing the operational expenditures up to an estimated 40%. Moreover, the paper explains how the proposed optimization method could evolve into an autonomic solution.
Developing nodes of Ranvier are defined by ankyrin-G clustering and are independent of paranodal axoglial adhesion

Nodes of Ranvier are excitable regions of axonal membranes highly enriched in voltage-gated sodium channels that propagate action potentials. The mechanism of protein clustering at nodes has been a source of controversy. In this study, developmental analysis of nodes of Ranvier in optic nerve axons reveals that early node intermediates are defined by ankyrin-G. Other node components, including beta IV spectrin, voltage-gated sodium channels, and the L1 cell adhesion molecule neurofascin, are subsequently recruited to sites of ankyrin-G clustering. The role of intact paranodes in protein clustering was examined in the dysmyelinating mouse mutant jimpy. Jimpy mice do not have intact paranodal axoglial contacts, which is indicated by a complete lack of neurexin/contactin-associated protein/paranodin clustering in paranodes. In the absence of intact paranodes, ankyrin-G was still able to cluster, although fewer ankyrin clusters were seen in jimpy optic nerves than in wild-type optic nerves. Recruitment of Nav1.2, Nav1.6, beta IV spectrin, and neurofascin to sites of ankyrin-G clustering is unimpaired in jimpy mice, indicating that node formation occurs independent of intact paranodal axoglial contacts.
Joint degree distributions of preferential attachment random graphs

Abstract We study the joint degree counts in linear preferential attachment random graphs and find a simple representation for the limit distribution in infinite sequence space. We show weak convergence with respect to the p-norm topology for appropriate p and also provide optimal rates of convergence of the finite-dimensional distributions. The results hold for models with any general initial seed graph and any fixed number of initial outgoing edges per vertex; we generate nontree graphs using both a lumping and a sequential rule. Convergence of the order statistics and optimal rates of convergence to the maximum of the degrees is also established.
Responses of Isolated Canine Basilar Artery and Human29S Platelet to Chlorpromazine and Amitriptyline

Sustained contraction of isolated canine basilar artery was induced by addition of prosta- glandin F2a, prostaglandin E2, hemoglobin-containing solution, or serum. Human platelet aggregation was induced by 1.0 /μM adenosine diphosphate. The sustained contraction of basilar artery and the aggregation of platelet, particularly its secondary aggregation, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by addition of chlorpromazine or amitriptyline; calmodulin antagonist. The molar concentrations at 50% inhibition by chlorpromazine or amitriptyline were 5.9 to 7.7 /xμ or 28 to 39 /μM for the contraction of basilar artery and 57 fμM or 111 fμM for the secondary aggregation of platelet. The results were discussed mainly on the basis of interaction of psychotropic drugs and Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent enzymes, particularly rayosin light chain phosphorylation. Stroke Vol 15, No 2, 1984
3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) reduces apoptosis and enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) up-regulation in diabetic rats

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on chronic brain injury caused by diabetes. Methods: A group of diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats was orally treated with NBP for 6 weeks. In this study, we examined glial reactivity in hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by determining the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b. We also examined anti-apoptosis protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and key apoptosis enzyme, caspase-3, expression by immunohistochemistry. Results: We found that GFAP, CD11b, VEGF (685·1 ± 35·5 cells/mm2 in diabetic rats versus 320·6 ± 21·9 cells/mm2 in control rats, p<0·05, n=5) and VEGF+-caspase-3+ (393·4 ± 24·2 cells/mm2 versus 135·8 ± 12·0 cells/mm2 in control rats, p<0·05, n=5) immunostaining increased in the hippocampus of diabetic rats; However, treatment with NBP resulted in an obvious reduction of GFAP and CD11b-immunoreactive gliocytes in hippocampus. VEGF expression was up-regulated (837·2 ± 20·1 cells/mm2, n=5), while the caspase-3 expression was reduced (240·0 ± 15·1 cells/mm2, n=5) in the NBP-treated diabetes mellitus-NBP rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that diabetes causes increased glial reactivity, apoptosis and compensatory VEGF expression, and NBP may have a protective effect for diabetic brain damage through enhancing VEGF expression to inhibit caspase-3 mediated apoptosis.
A 3D gesture recognition framework based on hierarchical visual attention and perceptual organization models

Human vision can perceive body movements and actions effortlessly. In contrast, it is still a very challenging task for machines to have comparable performance. Many research results have shown that both visual attention and perceptual organization are crucial for visual perception tasks. In recent years, gesture recognition for HCI has drawn more attention because of high application demands. Based on visual perceptual theories and hypotheses, we propose a 3D gesture recognition framework in a coherent and biologically plausible manner. It mainly includes perceptual gesture feature extraction, hierarchical salience map construction and qualitative reasoning for gesture recognition.
Text Embedding for Sub-Entity Ranking from User Reviews

This paper attempts to conduct analysis for one certain type of user reviews; that is, the reviews on a super-entity (e.g., restaurant) involve descriptions for many sub-entities (e.g., dishes). To deal with such analysis, we propose a text embedding framework for ranking sub-entities from user reviews of a given super-entity. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that our method outperforms three baselines by a statistically significant amount. Intriguing cases from the experiments are discussed in the paper.
Nonoperative management of hepatic, splenic, and renal injuries in adults with multiple injuries.

BACKGROUND Nonoperative management (NOM) of abdominal solid organ (ASO; liver, spleen, kidney) injuries from blunt trauma in adults has gained acceptance, but multisystem trauma remains a relative contraindication to NOM. METHODS We reviewed the charts of 126 adult patients who underwent NOM of an ASO injury for success of NOM, transfusions, and complications. Patients were divided into two groups: group I had isolated ASO injuries (n = 48); group II had an ASO injury and at least one additional injury with an Abbreviated Injury Score > or = 2 (n = 78). RESULTS NOM was successful 89.6% of group I and 93.6% of group II patients (p = 0.55). Group II had higher Injury Severity Scores (20.7 +/- 9.8 vs. 8.3 +/- 4.9 p < 0.05) and transfusion requirements (30.8% vs. 14.6%,p < 0.05) than group I. Complication rates were not different (group I, 20.8% vs. 26.9% group II, p = 0.58). CONCLUSION NOM of ASO injuries may attempted in adult patients with multiple injuries without increased morbidity.
Microarray analysis of iris gene expression in mice with mutations influencing pigmentation.

PURPOSE Several ocular diseases involve the iris, notably including oculocutaneous albinism, pigment dispersion syndrome, and exfoliation syndrome. To screen for candidate genes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases, genome-wide iris gene expression patterns were comparatively analyzed from mouse models of these conditions. METHODS Iris samples from albino mice with a Tyr mutation, pigment dispersion-prone mice with Tyrp1 and Gpnmb mutations, and mice resembling exfoliation syndrome with a Lyst mutation were compared with samples from wild-type mice. All mice were strain (C57BL/6J), age (60 days old), and sex (female) matched. Microarrays were used to compare transcriptional profiles, and differentially expressed transcripts were described by functional annotation clustering using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to validate a subset of identified changes. RESULTS Compared with wild-type C57BL/6J mice, each disease context exhibited a large number of statistically significant changes in gene expression, including 685 transcripts differentially expressed in albino irides, 403 in pigment dispersion-prone irides, and 460 in exfoliative-like irides. CONCLUSIONS Functional annotation clusterings were particularly striking among the overrepresented genes, with albino and pigment dispersion-prone irides both exhibiting overall evidence of crystallin-mediated stress responses. Exfoliative-like irides from mice with a Lyst mutation showed overall evidence of involvement of genes that influence immune system processes, lytic vacuoles, and lysosomes. These findings have several biologically relevant implications, particularly with respect to secondary forms of glaucoma, and represent a useful resource as a hypothesis-generating dataset.
Bimodal Action of Menthol on the Transient Receptor Potential Channel TRPA1

TRPA1 is a calcium-permeable nonselective cation transient receptor potential (TRP) channel that functions as an excitatory ionotropic receptor in nociceptive neurons. TRPA1 is robustly activated by pungent substances in mustard oil, cinnamon, and garlic and mediates the inflammatory actions of environmental irritants and proalgesic agents. Here, we demonstrate a bimodal sensitivity of TRPA1 to menthol, a widely used cooling agent and known activator of the related cold receptor TRPM8. In whole-cell and single-channel recordings of heterologously expressed TRPA1, submicromolar to low-micromolar concentrations of menthol cause channel activation, whereas higher concentrations lead to a reversible channel block. In addition, we provide evidence for TRPA1-mediated menthol responses in mustard oil-sensitive trigeminal ganglion neurons. Our data indicate that TRPA1 is a highly sensitive menthol receptor that very likely contributes to the diverse psychophysical sensations after topical application of menthol to the skin or mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities.