Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Separability of Parallel MISO Broadcast Channels Under Partial CSIT: A Degrees of Freedom Region Perspective

We study the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-user, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-subchannel parallel multiple-input-single-output (MISO) broadcast channel (BC) under arbitrary levels of partial channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). We show that the parallel subchannels constituting this setting are separable from a degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region perspective <italic>if and only if</italic> the partial CSIT pattern is <italic>totally ordered</italic>. This total order condition corresponds to users abiding by the same order, with respect to their CSIT quality levels, in each of the parallel subchannels. For instance, let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{k}^{[{l}]}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{j}^{[{l}]}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be the CSIT quality parameters for users <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${j}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> over subchannel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${l}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Under total order, having <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{k}^{[{l}]} \geq \alpha _{j}^{[{l}]}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> implies that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha _{k}^{[{m}]} \geq \alpha _{j}^{[{m}]}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> holds for every subchannel <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this case, the entire DoF region is achievable using simple separate coding, where a single-subchannel-type transmission scheme is employed in each subchannel. To show this separability result, we first derive an outer bound for the DoF region by extending the aligned image sets approach of Davoodi and Jafar to the considered setting. We then show that this outer bound coincides with the inner bound achieved through separate coding, given by the Minkowski sum of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> single-subchannel DoF regions, under the total order condition, hence settling the <italic>if</italic> part of the main theorem. To prove the <italic>only if</italic> part of the theorem, we identify a set of DoF tuples achievable through joint coding across subchannels, yet not achievable through separate coding whenever the total order condition is violated. Moreover, we also highlight the implications of our main result on the design of CSIT feedback schemes for multi-carrier multi-antenna wireless networks.
What will you do next? A sequence analysis on the student transitions between online platforms in blended courses

Students' interactions with online tools can provide us with insights into their study and work habits. Prior research has shown that these habits, even as simple as the number of actions or the time spent on online platforms can distinguish between the higher performing students and low-performers. These habits are also often used to predict students' performance in classes. One key feature of these actions that is often overlooked is how and when the students transition between different online platforms. In this work, we study sequences of student transitions between online tools in blended courses and identify which habits make the most difference between the higher and lower performing groups. While our results showed that most of the time students focus on a single tool, we were able to find patterns in their transitions to differentiate high and low performing groups. These findings can help instructors to provide procedural guidance to the students, as well as to identify harmful habits and make timely interventions.
Fear and learning: From basic processes to clinical implications.

This book brings together the most recent empirical developments in learning theory for understanding the etiology and treatment of fears and phobias. The editors have assembled contributions from leading scientists whose work represents the cutting edge in such areas as measurement methodology, neurobiology, cognitive processing, behavioral models, emotion regulation, and pharmacological and other clinical treatments. After a review of the history of fear learning and basic concepts and methods in fear measurement, subsequent chapters elucidate processes of acquisition and maintenance of fear, finally moving to the extinction, renewal, and reinstatement of fear. The research synthesized in this book has applicability to the entire spectrum of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias.
Self-reference in the leads of institutional press releases

The paper investigates the phenomenon of self-reference as an instance of preformulation in the genre of institutional press release, situating it into a more general framework of representation of social actors in the lexico-grammatical and semantic structure. The study is based on a corpus of governmental press releases from two institutions with a similar socio-political function, and it focuses on the opening sentences of the releases which take the function of leads. While the analysis of the data confirms sharp qualitative differences in the nature of self-referencing, especially with regard to their relative position on the informative – promotional axis whose two ends are prototypically represented by news reporting and advertising, the findings also indicate that the structural and lexi cal differences hardly affect the deeper cognitive semantic patterns relating to the construal of agency.
utomation of genomic DNA isolation from formalin-fixed , paraffin-embedded issues oya

Isolation of DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue remains a laborious task for clinical laboratories and researchers who need to screen several samples for genetic variants. The objective of this study was to evaluate DNA isolation methods from FFPE tissues and to choose an efficient method with less hands-on time to obtain DNA of optimum concentration and purity for use in routine molecular diagnostic assays. Three methods were compared in this study: Gentra Puregene Tissue Kit, EZ1 DNA Tissue Kit and QIAamp FFPE Tissue Kit. Samples consisted of FFPE tissues of head/neck and lung tumor resections. Quality control for the extraction process end product included determination of the concentration and purity of isolated DNA and the ability to amplify a housekeeping gene, GAPDH, using real-time PCR assay. The hands-on-time required was less for the EZ1 protocol compared to the other methods. The average DNA concentration obtained was 112, 61 and 40 ng/ l, respectively, for the Gentra Puregene Tissue Kit, Qiagen EZ1 DNA Tissue Kit and QIAamp FFPE Tissue Kit. The purity and quality of samples obtained using the different DNA isolation methods were comparable. Comparative evaluation of three DNA isolation methods indicated that the Qiagen EZ1 method surpassed the other methods with reduced hands-on-time to produce optimum concentration of quality DNA for use in routine molecular analyses.
Market Conditions and Public Affairs Programming: Implications for Digital Television Policy

This study investigates whether market conditions affect the provision of public affairs programming by television broadcasters. The study examined a random sample of 112 commercial broadcast stations in order to determine whether station characteristics, market size and demographics, and competitive conditions affect the quantity of public affairs programming provided. The results suggest that market conditions have very little effect on the quantity of public affairs programming provided by individual broadcast stations and that if regulators wish to increase the amount of public affairs programming in the digital broadcasting realm, specific government-mandated programming requirements may be necessary.
Attractiveness in flux: Female preferences for male facial motion depend on mating context and non-additive cues to prosociality and proceptivity

Abstract Like facial structure, facial motion is a rich source of information for potential mates, but its relevance may vary across contexts. Perceived flirtatiousness (i.e. proceptivity) may offer information to females about various benefits offered by males, both direct and indirect, and may be weighted more heavily in a short-term mating context. However, proceptivity may interact with other desirable qualities. Prosocial tendencies (i.e. kindness) may offer direct benefits to potential mates and may effectively supersede proceptivity in a long-term mating context. We showed women wire-frame animations of shape-standardized male faces purportedly reporting statements that were either prosocial or antisocial. We asked participants to rate the animated faces for attractiveness in both long- and short-term mating contexts. We also asked a separate group of women to rate the perceived flirtatiousness of the animations. As expected, women prefer stimuli paired with prosocial statements. The weight placed .
Bh Sequences in Higher Dimensions

In this article we look at the well-studied upper bounds for $|A|$, where $A\subset{\Bbb N}$ is a $B_h$ sequence, and generalise these to the case where $A\subset{\Bbb N}^d$. In particular we give $d$-dimensional analogues to results of Chen, Jia, Graham and Green.
A social‐cognitive appraisal of sex‐role development

Abstract During the past decade there has been a proliferation of research on the topic of sex-role development. This paper presents a comprehensive, cognitively based approach to sex-role development with reference to the recent literature on social cognition. This approach uses methods that enable a better appraisal of the cognitive bases of sex-related information in even very young children. By employing research methods more relevant to the everyday experiences of young children, it is demonstrated that they are more cognitively and socially competent than the more traditional research and theories of sex-role development suggest. Thus, it is unnecessary to resort exclusively to biological proclivities to explain the early emergence of sex-typed behaviour in young children. It is also shown that boys and girls follow different developmental paths in the acquisition of sex-typed behaviour and knowledge. Boys and girls are parallel in their knowledge and performance of sex-appropriate activities. The m.
Monitoring a Crowd's Affective State: Status Quo and Future Outlook

Crowd monitoring plays an integral role in crowd management processes and continues to receive growing interest across different public and commercial service sectors. In recent years, synergistic advances in different domains, such as computing, sensing, IoT, drones, and AI/ML, have empowered monitoring architectures with various enhancements in identifying patterns in crowd dynamics. However, efforts to examine affect in crowd monitoring considerations have been lacking in the current literature. In this work, we address this void by reviewing the recent advances and enabling technologies in affective sensing at both the individual and crowd levels. We also remark on deployment considerations in affective sensing architectures and key outstanding challenges.
Multi-Objective Energy Management of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery Hybrid System using Deterministic Approach

This paper develops a multi-objective energy management strategy for power dispatch of the grid-tied photovoltaic (PV)-wind turbine (WT)-battery system to supply an industrial load. The aim is to minimize electricity cost while participating to the Time of Use Demand Side Management program, which is an important control parameter in this model to assist utility companies to control the grid in terms of security, reliability and efficiency. This issue is considered as a deterministic problem and solved using linear programming. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, comparison with other methodology of control is carried out. Simulation results show that the developed control reduces the operational cost of the hybrid system and allow consumers to benefit from a significant income by maximizing the selling power to the utility grid.
Elimination of Mitochondrial DNA Is Not Required for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication

ABSTRACT Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) results in the rapid elimination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from host cells. It is known that a mitochondrial isoform of the viral alkaline nuclease (UL12) called UL12.5 triggers this process. However, very little is known about the impact of mtDNA depletion on viral replication or the biology of HSV-1 infections. These questions have been difficult to address because UL12.5 and UL12 are encoded by overlapping transcripts that share the same open reading frame. As a result, mutations that alter UL12.5 also affect UL12, and UL12 null mutations severely impair viral growth by interfering with the intranuclear processing of progeny viral genomes. Therefore, to specifically assess the impact of mtDNA depletion on viral replication, it is necessary to eliminate the activity of UL12.5 while preserving the nuclear functions of UL12. Previous work has shown that the human cytomegalovirus alkaline nuclease UL98 can functionally substitute for UL12 during HSV-1 replication. We found that UL98 is unable to deplete mtDNA in transfected cells and therefore generated an HSV-1 variant in which UL98 coding sequences replace the UL12/UL12.5 open reading frame. The resulting virus was severely impaired in its ability to trigger mtDNA loss but reached titers comparable to those of wild-type HSV-1 in one-step and multistep growth experiments. Together, these observations demonstrate that the elimination of mtDNA is not required for HSV-1 replication in cell culture. IMPORTANCE Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 destroy the DNA of host cell mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells. Epstein-Barr virus, a distantly related herpesvirus, has a similar effect, indicating that mitochondrial DNA destruction is under positive selection and thus confers a benefit to the virus. The present work shows that mitochondrial DNA destruction is not required for efficient replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cultured Vero kidney epithelial cells, suggesting that this activity likely benefits the virus in other cell types or in the intact human host.
Group Analysis by Visualized Distributional Representation for Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity

The functional brain connectivity based on resting-sate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has been widely studied. However, most of the analyzes, based on functional brain network construction, either limit themselves to descriptors from graph-theoretical measures and subgraph patterns, or fail to gain the whole picture of the large-scale functional brain network. Due to the curse of the dimensionality, the millions-dimension data of the correlation information from fMRIs can not be directly processed by the current machine learning method, even with the state-of-art deep learning architecture. Hence, a good representation that can be both informative and compressed is strongly desired. In this paper, we introduce a distributional representation that can provide information across high resolution regions to low resolution regions in a brain. It is believed that a good representation of functional brain connectivity can easily separate patients with brain disorders from normal controls. In our case, the difference between groups is visualized clearly with the distributional representation. The visualized group difference not only gives a visible explanation for existing techniques in functional brain network construction, but also provides extra clues for the informativeness of weak connections, which are neglected in traditional analysis. Moreover, we propose an approach with distributional representation mappings to validate the effectiveness of the features visualized in the distributional representation. We find that the mapped distributional representation improves the performance dramatically in distinguishing subjects with a given mental disorder from the control ones. The results suggests that the distributional representation is promising for further design of algorithms, such as clustering and classification, for brain disorders.
Analysis of an Optical Wireless Receiver Using a Hemispherical Lens With Application in MIMO Visible Light Communications

White lighting LEDs offer great potential for high speed communications, especially for indoor applications. However, for their widespread adoption, two important issues need to be addressed: the lack of diversity in multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems, and the small field of view of receivers. In this paper, we describe a design using a hemispherical lens in the receiver that solves these problems. By using classical optics, we derive exact expressions for the channel gain and the optical power density of the projected images. Simulation results of a typical indoor scenario show that the new system has a wide field of view, and provides adequate channel gain for angles of incidence as large as 70 degrees. We present the distribution of optical power on the imaging plane for various receiving positions and tilted receivers over a number of representative indoor scenarios. They show that the images of LEDs are clearly distinguishable. The results demonstrate the presence of low channel correlations between individual transmitters and receivers. Consequently, this confirms that the new technique is capable of providing significant diversity order for MIMO optical wireless applications.
New Function and Configuration of Future Network for Blockchain Platform Operation

In this paper, we discuss the subnetwork structure of the Blockchain system, which is expected to develop various application platforms in the future. Blockchain is an innovative trading system, and many studies have been conducted recently. It is expected to be used in various fields with stable security function of each node taking part in the system without central server control. However, due to its three functional limitations (excessive traffic generation, lack of distributed control, and unfairness of network resources) presented in this paper, it is difficult to provide complete service in the present network. In order to minimize such problems, a subnetwork structure providing a Blockchain service should provide an appropriate network configuration according to a Blockchain application or service type. In addition, based on the number of the node participated in Blockchain and the amount of data transmitted, it is necessary to provide appropriate QoS and the subnetwork should provide stable protocol function and efficient traffic operation. This subnetwork structure is proposed as a service function of the future network structure of ISO / IEC JTC1 SC6 which is being standardized.
Reflecting on Reflections: Enhancement of Medical Education Curriculum With Structured Field Notes and Guided Feedback

The promotion of reflective capacity within the teaching of clinical skills and professionalism is posited as fostering the development of competent health practitioners. An innovative approach combines structured reflective writing by medical students and individualized faculty feedback to those students to augment instruction on reflective practice. A course for preclinical students at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, entitled “Doctoring,” combined reflective writing assignments (field notes) with instruction in clinical skills and professionalism and early clinical exposure in a small-group format. Students generated multiple e-mail field notes in response to structured questions on course topics. Individualized feedback from a physician–behavioral scientist dyad supported the students’ reflective process by fostering critical-thinking skills, highlighting appreciation of the affective domain, and providing concrete recommendations. The development and implementation of this innovation are presented, as is an analysis of the written evaluative comments of students taking the Doctoring course. Theoretical and clinical rationales for features of the innovation and supporting evidence of their effectiveness are presented. Qualitative analyses of students’ evaluations yielded four themes of beneficial contributions to their learning experience: promoting deeper and more purposeful reflection, the value of (interdisciplinary) feedback, the enhancement of group process, and personal and professional development. Evaluation of the innovation was the fifth theme; some limitations are described, and suggestions for improvement are provided. Issues of the quality of the educational paradigm, generalizability, and sustainability are addressed.
Ligation of CR1 attenuates Fc receptor‐mediated myeloperoxidase release and HOCl production by neutrophils

Surface adherent immunoglobulins are potent stimuli for inducing neutrophil release of myeloperoxidase and production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), an oxidant that promotes activity of neutrophil proteases. Opsonization of surface adherent IgG (SAIgG) by complement results in attenuation of these responses, despite augmenting neutrophil production of superoxide and release of specific granule enzymes. The role of complement receptor ligation in modulating Fc receptor‐triggered myeloperoxidase release and HOCl production by neutrophils was determined by incubating neutrophils with SAIgG in the presence of complement receptor ligating antibody reagents. Ligation of CR1 by F(ab)2 derived from CR1 specific monoclonal antibody (mAb 543) resulted in significant attenuation of surface‐associated IgG (SAIgG)‐induced release of myeloperoxidase and HOCl production but did not result in attenuation of SAIgG‐induced superoxide or hydrogen peroxide production; ligation of CR1 by mAb 543 F(ab)2 also attenuated surface adherent IgA‐induced myeloperoxidase release and HOCl production. HOCl production was not significantly attenuated when neutrophils were activated with SAIgG in the presence of surface adherent C1q or when CR3 was ligated by F(ab)2 derived from mAb having specificity for the CD11b (mAb M1/70) or CD18 (mAb TS1) subunits of CR3. These results indicate that ligation of CR1 on neutrophils by C3b fixed to IgG may alter signal transduction events linking ligation of neutrophil Fc receptors to cellular events required for release of myeloperoxidase and generation of HOCl. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 477–485; 1998.
Protein surface roughness and small molecular binding sites.

Pharmaceutical design is usually directed at developing small molecules that can specifically bind and alter the activity of a target protein. Here, we show that high-affinity binding of small molecules requires a rough patch on a protein surface. Drug design strategies should therefore be targeted to rough areas on a protein. Our results indicate that the roughness of small functional sites may reflect the complex local shapes needed to fit specific interactions into small areas.