Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface waves on MHD tangential discontinuities: case for moderate to low plasma-β values

Variation of phase speed of the magnetoacoustic surface waves on a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), tangential discontinuity (TD) is examined against the variation of Alfvén speeds on opposite sides of the discontinuity with the acoustic speeds remaining constant. The discontinuous thermal profile of the plasma is employed to classify various surface wavemodes. The existence conditions for the surface waves manifest themselves through the appearance of critical values for various parameters restricting the propagation of such waves on the TD. The limiting situation of extremely low-β plasmas is studied to improve upon earlier results based on simplified calculations. Theoretical understanding of the basic structure of surface waves is then applied to specific observations of discontinuities in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) to arrive at simple estimates of phase speed of the surface waves on such discontinuities that may be tested in further observations.
MOSAIC at the E-ELT: A multi-object spectrograph for astrophysics, IGM and cosmology

The Universe is comprised of hundreds of billions of galaxies, each populated by hundreds of billions of stars. Astrophysics aims to understand the complexity of this almost incommensurable number of stars, stellar clusters and galaxies, including their spatial distribution, formation, and current interactions with the interstellar and intergalactic media. A considerable fraction of astrophysical discoveries require large statistical samples, which can only be addressed with multi-object spectrographs (MOS). Here we introduce the MOSAIC study of an optical/near-infrared MOS for the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT), which has capabilities specified by science cases ranging from stellar physics and exoplanet studies to galaxy evolution and cosmology. Recent studies of critical technical issues such as sky-background subtraction and multi-object adaptive optics (MOAO) have demonstrated that such a MOS is feasible with current technology and techniques. In the 2020s the E-ELT will become the world’s largest optical/IR telescope, and we argue that it has to be equipped as soon as possible with a MOS. MOSAIC will provide a vast discovery space, enabled by a multiplex of ∼ 200 and spectral resolving powers of R = 5 000 and 20 000. MOSAIC will also offer the unique capability of 10-to-20 ‘high-definition’ (MOAO) integral-field units, optimised to investigate the physics of the sources of reionisation, providing the most efficient follow-up of observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The combination of these modes will enable the study of the mass-assembly history of galaxies over cosmic time, including high-redshift dwarf galaxies and studies of the distribution of the intergalactic medium. It will also provide spectroscopy of resolved stars in external galaxies at unprecedented distances, from the outskirts of the Local Group for main-sequence stars, to a significant volume of the local Universe, including nearby galaxy clusters, for luminous red supergiants.
Consistency proof of a feasible arithmetic inside a bounded arithmetic

In this paper, we prove that S 1 2 can prove consistency of PV , the system obtained from Cook and Urquhart's PV (3) by removing induction. This apparently contradicts Buss and Ignjatovic (2), since they prove that PV 6⊢ Con(PV ). However, what they actually prove is unprovability of consistency of the system which is obtained from PV by addition of propositional logic and BASIC e -axioms. On the other hand, our PV is strictly equational and our proof relies on it. Our proof relies on big-step semantics of terms of PV. We prove that if PV ⊢ t = u and there is a derivation of ht,�i ↓ v whereis an evaluation of variables and v is the value of t, then there is a derivation of hu,�i ↓ v. By carefully computing the bound of the derivation and �, we get S 1 2-proof of consistency of PV .
Optimal location of sensors and actuators for an active noise control problem

We consider the problem of optimal location of actuators and sensors for optimizing their performance in reducing the noise field in a cavity. The control strategy is based on a static output feedback control, and the optimization problem is formulated as minimizing the quadratic cost function which is averaged over the random initial conditions. The solution of the optimization problem requires solving a matrix Riccati equation and a Lyapunov equation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy and its dependence on location of the sensors and actuators in several numerical examples.
Identification of reperfused infarcted myocardium from high frequency intracardiac ultrasound images using homodyned K distribution

Myocardial structural changes caused by infarction/reperfusion may result in increased concentration of scatterers and variation of scatterer arrangement in ultrasound imaging. Homodyned K (HD_K) distribution is employed in this paper to model the backscattered signal from both normal and reperfused infarcted myocardium and is used to characterize them. Using HD_K distribution, in vivo demodulated RF data (8.5 MHz) from anterior myocardial wall, as imaged from both left and fight ventricle, at baseline and after infarction/reperfusion, were analyzed. Significant increase of scatterer density in reperfused infarcted myocardium has been found compared to the normal myocardium. We concluded that HD_K distribution has potential to distinguish reperfused infarcted myocardium from normal using high frequency ultrasound imaging, irrespective of LV or RV data acquisition.
Modelling of flight dynamics of an airplane encountering trailing vortices generated by another airplane

This paper presents method of flight dynamics modelling for aircraft encountering trailing vortices generated by other airplane. The mathematical model of 6-DOF spatial motion was applied. Aerodynamic forces produced by a wing were calculated using strip theory method – the wing was divided into a series of chordwise strips and contribution of each strip in these forces was determined. Local angle of attack for each strip was determined taking into account an influence of trailing vortices. Exemplary results of simulations for the case of two straight vortices encountered by aircraft are shown. Incremental contributions to aerodynamic forces and moments of all strips are summed. Model and description of trailing vortices, induced velocity inside the vortex, induced velocity outside the vortex, model of motion dynamics, equations of motion, airplane forces, moments acting on the airplane, aerodynamic forces and moments, trailing vortex effect on the airplane are presented in the paper. In particular, pair of straight trailing vortices, induced velocity for Rankine vortex, strip model of the wing, angle of attack for the strip, airplane pitch angle, bank angle, altitude, trajectory are illustrated
Laser beam-profile impression and target thickness impact on laser-accelerated protons

Experimental results on the influence of the laser focal spot shape onto the beam profile of laser-accelerated protons from gold foils are reported. The targets’ microgrooved rear side, together with a stack of radiochromic films, allowed us to deduce the energy-dependent proton source-shape and size, respectively. The experiments show, that shape and size of the proton source depend only weakly on target thickness as well as shape of the laser focus, although they strongly influence the proton’s intensity distribution. It was shown that the laser creates an electron beam that closely follows the laser beam topology, which is maintained during the propagation through the target. Protons are then accelerated from the rear side with an electron created electric field of a similar shape. Simulations with the Sheath-Accelerated Beam Ray-tracing for IoN Analysis code SABRINA, which calculates the proton distribution in the detector for a given laser-beam profile, show that the electron distribution during the .
Above‐ and below‐band femtosecond nonlinearities in active AlGaAs waveguides

Femtosecond optical pulses were used to study the gain and refractive index dynamics in a bulk AlGaAs diode laser. Experiments were performed at wavelengths above and below the band gap of the diode‐laser active region. The above‐band gain dynamics exhibit an ultrafast transient that has not been seen before in AlGaAs devices. We attribute this dynamic to spectral‐hole burning and a delay in carrier heating. The below‐band refractive index measurements demonstrate that carrier heating by free‐carrier absorption is important and that there is a delay in the onset of this heating of approximately 120 fs.
Investigation of maintenance float problem using genetic algorithms

Maintenance float problems in a flexible manufacturing system tend to analytically intractable while the assumptions of their models become more complex and practical; consequently, they are too complex to solve by traditional optimization theories; and therefore, a heuristic algorithm or an enumerative search method is always used to solve them. To tackle the problems, in this study, we solve them by a genetic algorithm which is often implemented to search the global optimization in a complex search space. The numerical example shows that our approach can find the optimal solution of these problems with less effort.
Method for computing spatial pulse response: Time‐domain approach

The computer‐aided, time‐domain method is a proposal to determine the spatial pulse response for an arbitrarily shaped source and for arbitrary aperture velocity and delay distributions. The computational procedure ‘‘generates’’ the pulse response function by directly repeating the physical stages that accompany the creation of this phenomenon, such as radiation from the surface element, and propagation and summation in the observation point. The method is very simple mathematically, employing a simple algorithm, and can be easily implemented—even on a small minicomputer. The mathematical work required prior to the computation has been greatly simplified; the commonly studied behavior of the derivatives (arrival time/source point), as well as the exact temporal limits of the pulse response occurrence, need not be analyzed. The Dirac‐type free‐space Green’s function, as well as other arbitrary types of the causal Green’s function, can also be considered. The obtainable results are approximate, but computat.
APPLICATION OF MODIFIED VLASOV MODEL TO FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF BEAMS RESTING ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS

The purpose of this paper is to apply the modified Vlasov model to the free vibration analysis of beams resting on elastic foundations and to analyze the effects of the subsoil depth, the beam length, their ratio and the value of the vertical deformation parameter within the subsoil on the frequency parameters of beams on elastic foundations. This analysis has been carried out by the aid of a computer program based on the finite element method. The first ten frequency parameters are presented in tabular and graphical forms to evaluate the effects of the parameters considered in this study. Then mode shapes corresponding to the first six of the frequency parameters are given in figures. It is concluded that the effect of the subsoil depth on the frequency parameters of beams on an elastic foundation is generally larger than those of the other parameters considered in this study.
Hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis models for cross-platform microarray studies

The development of new technologies to measure gene expression has been calling for statistical methods to integrate findings across multiple-platform studies. A common goal of microarray analysis is to identify genes with differential expression between two conditions, such as treatment versus control. Here, we introduce a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis model to pool gene expression studies from different microarray platforms: spotted DNA arrays and short oligonucleotide arrays. The studies have different array design layouts, each with multiple sources of data replication, including repeated experiments, slides and probes. Our model produces the gene-specific posterior probability of differential expression, which is the basis for inference. In simulations combining two and five independent studies, our meta-analysis model outperformed separate analyses for three commonly used comparison measures; it also showed improved receiver operating characteristic curves. When combining spotted DNA and CombiMatrix short oligonucleotide array studies of Geobacter sulfurreducens, our meta-analysis model discovered more genes for fixed thresholds of posterior probability of differential expression and Bayesian false discovery than individual study analyses. We also examine an alternative model and compare models using the deviance information criterion.
An Algorithm for the Computation of the Higher Order G-Transformation

The higher order G-transformation as defined in [1] has proved to be a useful transformation for the evaluation of improper integrals of the first kind. This transformation is defined as the ratio of determinants whose order increases as the order of the transformation; consequently, the transformation becomes increasingly more difficult to use as the order increases. This paper introduces an algorithm for the evaluation of the higher order G-transformation that does not require the use of determinants. A connection is also made between the G-transformation and P. Wynn’s continued fraction integral [3].
CCN and Vertical Velocity Influences on Droplet Concentrations and Supersaturations in Clean and Polluted Stratus Clouds

AbstractCloud microphysics and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements from two marine stratus cloud projects are presented and analyzed. Results show that the increase of cloud droplet concentrations Nc with CCN concentrations NCCN rolls off for NCCN at 1% supersaturation (S)N1% above 400 cm−3. Moreover, at such high concentrations Nc was not so well correlated with NCCN but tended to be more closely related to vertical velocity W or variations of W (σw). This changeover from predominate Nc dependence on NCCN to Nc dependence on W or σw is due to the higher slope k of CCN spectra at lower S, which is made more relevant by the lower cloud S that is forced by higher NCCN. Higher k makes greater influence of W or σw variations than NCCN variations on Nc. This changeover at high NCCN thus seems to limit the indirect aerosol effect (IAE). On the other hand, in clean-air stratus cloud S often exceeded 1% and decreased to slightly less than 0.1% in polluted conditions. This means that smaller CCN [those wit.
Edge shape effects and quasi‐closed form expressions for the conductor loss of microstrip lines

Much work has been done in the past to determine the conductor loss of microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MIMICs). However, much of this work is limited by constraints on the conductor thickness, skin depth, or the shape of the edge. In this paper, a technique will be presented that results virtually in a quasi-closed form expression for this loss in many cases. This expression will allow the calculation of the attenuation constant for a planar circuit for an arbitrarily shaped edge and any conductor thickness. The question of how different edge shapes affect the conductor loss will be addressed.
Self-healing effects in the fabrication process of photonic crystals

We demonstrate a self-healing effect of unwanted defects in the autocloning process: autocloning is a previously proposed technique to fabricate multidimensional periodic nanostructures by stacking up corrugated multilayers. With the self-healing effect, aperiodic perturbations in the initial periodic shape of the structure immediately disappear and the surface shape becomes periodic in a few cycles of stacking. If the perturbations exist in photonic crystal, they cause light-scattering loss and also make the boundaries between photonic bands and band gaps unclear. In other words, they make the attenuation of light at the frequency in photonic band gaps weak. Consequently, to attain uniformity of the shape automatically with this effect is very important in the fabrication process for practical photonic crystal devices. In this letter, we verify this phenomenon experimentally, and discuss the mechanism by comparison with process simulation.
Coupling approaches and new geometries in whispering-gallery-mode resonators

In order to fully exploit the unique properties of micro-optical resonators with whispering gallery modes (WGMs), both for fundamental investigations as well as for practical applications, a critical point is an efficient, controllable, and robust coupling of the light to the cavity WGMs. We present the results of our studies on phase-matched evanescent field couplers, with particular reference to the coupling to high-index crystalline resonators like lithium niobate disks. We focus on couplers based on different types of waveguide configurations and include demonstration of optical coupling to high-Q lithium niobate resonators from integrated planar waveguides as well as from angle polished waveguides. These systems are all in guided optics architectures. We also briefly present our recent achievements in the development of microbubble resonators fabricated from silica capillaries. We show that, as high-Q hollow 3-D cavities with intrinsic microfluidics, these resonators represent a promising biochemical sensing platform.
MULTISTEP PREDICTION OF PANEL VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE PROCESSES

This paper considers the conventional recursive (otherwise known as plug-in) and direct multistep forecasts in a panel vector autoregressive framework. We derive asymptotic expressions for the mean square prediction error (MSPE) of both forecasts as N (cross sections) and T (time periods) grow large. Both the bias and variance of the least squares fitting are manifest in the MSPE. Using these expressions, we consider the effect of model specification on predictor accuracy. When the fitted lag order ( q ) is equal to or exceeds the true lag order ( p ), the direct MSPE is larger than the recursive MSPE. On the other hand, when the fitted lag order is underspecified, the direct MSPE is smaller than the recursive MSPE. The recursive MSPE is increasing in q for all q ≥ p . In contrast, the direct MSPE is not monotonic in q within the permissible parameter space. Extensions to bias-corrected least squares estimators are considered.
Generalized multirate-output controllers

This paper studies controllers employing multirate sampling of the plant output (Hagiwara and Araki 1988 a). Specifically, it is shown that arbitrary pole assignment is possible by a multirate output sampling mechanism with smaller output multiplicities if a multiframe control law is introduced. We refer to the new control law as the generalized multirate-output controller. It is also shown that type-1 robust servo controllers with two degrees of freedom can be designed and strong stabilization with loop transfer reovery is possible. The relation of the generalized multirate-output controllers to the two-delay output controllers (Mita et al. 1987, Mita and Chida 1988) is also discussed.
Asynchronous cycling as a convergence acceleration method in particle simulation of direct current glow discharges

The problem of multiple time scales in modeling plasmas by dynamical particle simulation methods, such as the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, is well known. One important cause is the large ratio of the ion and electron mass. Ways to overcome this problem are the implicit PIC, or simply, the use of a reduced ion–electron mass ratio. However, these methods are not acceptable in modeling dc glow discharges by the PIC-Monte Carlo hybrid simulation technique. Therefore, a new method called asynchronous cycling was developed, which manipulates the synchronization of the electron and ion simulation cycles. It allows a 50 times faster convergence due to direct reduction of the different time scales for situations in which the changes of macroscopic quantities are slower than the ion movement. This is demonstrated by the modeling of a complete one-dimensional dc glow discharge including cathode fall, plasma bulk, and anode fall.
Shear Flow Properties of Semiconcentrated Fiber Suspensions

Measurements are reported for the shear stress of a semiconcentrated suspension of rigid fibers in a Newtonian solvent in the startup of steady shear flow. There are n fibers each of length L per unit volume. A variety of different volume fractions of fibers was used; the fiber aspect ratio was varied as well. It is found that the viscous resistance of a randomly oriented fiber suspension is roughly (nL3) times the resistance observed when the particles lie in the planes of shear. The transient shear stress measurements show the rheological properties depend on the total strain and not on shear rate or time separately. Experiments were done in torsional flow between parallel plates separated by distance H to determine the effect of H/L on the measured properties. It is found that there is no effect for H/L>1. Two different models are presented to account for wall effects for H/L<1. Good agreement is found between computed and measured values.
A NEW LOOK AT SUPER HEAVY NUCLEI

A new look at super heavy nuclei is attempted by employing the Isomorphic shell Model or, in different wording, the Multiharmonic Shell Model. After 208Pb the same magic numbers, like the conventional Shell Model, are predicted, i.e., at Z = 126 and N = 184. Good results for charge radii and binding energies for a sample of nuclei are also presented.
Acoustic Tau: An Easy Analogue to Visual Tau?

In an earlier article in this journal, B. Shaw, McGowan, and Turvey (1991) resented an acoustic variable they supposed would specify the time to contact with a sound-emitting source moving rectilinearly toward an observer at constant speed. Their formulation, t = 2l(dI/dt), follows Lee's (1976) main ideas in his derivation of optical tau for small visual angles. In this article I compare the functions of vision and hearing more generally and consider what information vision and hearing would use in normal circumstances. In this context, one may then ask a more specific question, Which kind of auditory information might be used about impending collisions? I make the following points: (a) The specification analysis of Shaw et al. (1991) is a substantial contribution to the growing field of ecological acoustics, (b) the idea that a more general attack on the acoustic guidance of action (Shaw et al., 1991, p. 254) starts with a proposal for an uncommon case without considering the general functions of seeing .
Relations between matrix elements of different weak interactions and interpretation of the parity-nonconserving and electron electric-dipole-moment measurements in atoms and molecules

The relations between matrix elements of different ($P$,$T$)-odd weak interactions are derived. We demonstrate that similar relations hold for parity-nonconserving transition amplitudes and electron electric dipole moments (EDMs) of atoms and molecules. This allows one to express $P$- and $T$-odd effects in many-electron systems caused by different symmetry-breaking mechanisms via each other using simple analytical formulas. We use these relations for the interpretation of the anapole moment measurements in cesium and thallium and for the analysis of the relative contributions of the scalar-pseudoscalar $CP$-odd weak interaction and electron EDMs to the EDMs of Cs, Tl, Fr, and other atoms and many polar molecules (YbF, PbO, ThO, etc.). Model-independent limits on electron EDMs and the parameter of the scalar-pseudoscalar $CP$-odd interaction are found from the analysis of the EDM measurements for Tl and YbF.