Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian sensor resource allocation

Many tracking and guidance problems may be formulated as a terminating stochastic game in which the distribution of outcomes is affected by the intermediate actions. Traditional technique ignore this interaction. In this paper we develop an information gathering strategy which maximizes the expected gain of the outcome. For example, the objective could be a function of the terminal miss distance and target identify with penalties for missing a valid target or attacking a friendly one. Several trade-offs are addressed: the increased information available from taking more measurements, the fact that an increased number of measurement may adversely affect change of success and the fact that later measurements may be more informative but also may be of little use since there my not be enough time available for reaction to this extra information. The problem is formulated so that we are required to choose, under uncertainty, an alternative from a set of possible decisions. This set has a discrete uncertainty as to the number of measurements to be taken and a continuous uncertainty as to where and when the measurements should be taken. Preferences over consequences are modeled with a utility function. We propose to choose as optimal the alternative which maximizes expected utility. A simulation based approximation to the solution of this stochastic optimization problem is outlined. This relies on recent developments in dimensions swapping Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. The use of MCMC methodology allow us to explore the expected utility surface and thus select a measurement strategy. The resulting algorithm is demonstrated on a simple guidance problem.
Neuron Primer Analysis of Neuronal Spike Trains , Deconstructed

Johnatan Aljadeff,1,2,* Benjamin J. Lansdell,3 Adrienne L. Fairhall,4,5 and David Kleinfeld1,6,7,* 1Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA 2Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 3Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 4Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 5WRF UW Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 6Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 7Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA *Correspondence: aljadeff@uchicago.edu (J.A.), dk@physics.ucsd. edu (D.K.) http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.neuron. 2016.05. 039
The Perceived Influence of Media and Technology on Adolescent Romantic Relationships

Contemporary adolescents rely heavily on technology and media to navigate romantic relationships. In this mixed-methods study, adolescents and young adults (N = 204) detailed their perceptions of how entertainment media and interactive technology influence adolescent romantic relationships. The majority of adolescents and young adults perceived that entertainment media (95%) and interactive technology (97%) did influence adolescent romantic relationships. Using a qualitative analysis approach, we found six major themes. Although entertainment media provided media role models for expected behavior in romantic relationships, it was also associated with the development of unrealistic relational expectations and perceived pressure to be in a romantic relationship. Participants perceived that interactive technology has changed the way adolescents communicate with romantic partners, become integrated into the entire relationship life cycle, and led to a decline in face-to-face communication in adolescent romantic relationships.
Just another brick in the wall? The relationship between classroom-based political education and the political interest of young adults in Switzerland

ABSTRACT This article asks whether political education at upper secondary school – i.e. shortly before or at the age when young people receive the right to vote – affects individual political interest as well as differences in political interest between social groups. Empirically, we use a novel data set combining individual student data with information on classroom-based political education as well as teacher characteristics. We do not find support for a more or less automatic and positive effect of classroom-based political education on young people’s political interest. Whereas we analyzed three dimensions of political education (knowledge, skills, arousing interest in politics), the skills dimension was the only one that exhibited a consistent positive (and mostly significant) relationship with young peoples’ political interest. Moreover, classroom-based political education seems not to compensate for a lack of political socialization at home but rather tends to affect students with politically interested parents most strongly.
Rad51‐deficient vertebrate cells accumulate chromosomal breaks prior to cell death

Yeast rad51 mutants are viable, but extremely sensitive to γ‐rays due to defective repair of double‐strand breaks. In contrast, disruption of the murine RAD51 homologue is lethal, indicating an essential role of Rad51 in vertebrate cells. We generated clones of the chicken B lymphocyte line DT40 carrying a human RAD51 transgene under the control of a repressible promoter and subsequently disrupted the endogenous RAD51 loci. Upon inhibition of the RAD51 transgene, Rad51− cells accumulated in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle before dying. Chromosome analysis revealed that most metaphase‐arrested Rad51− cells carried isochromatid‐type breaks. In conclusion, Rad51 fulfils an essential role in the repair of spontaneously occurring chromosome breaks in proliferating cells of higher eukaryotes.
A Case of Irritated Seborrheic Keratosis Associated with a Previous Incision Site

An 83-year-old woman had undergone an external dacryocystorhinostomy with silicone intubation. Before the surgery, no skin lesions were observed on the incision site. Three months after surgery, the patient complained of a brown-to-black pigmented elevation at her previous skin incision site. A punch biopsy of the pigmented mass was performed. The histopathologic findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis of irritated seborrheic keratosis (SK). SK can occur several months postoperatively and can suddenly increase in size, so surgeons need to carefully check patients' skin prior to surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of irritated SK discovered on a previous skin incision site.
Numerical Modelling and Statistical Analysis of Ocean Wave Energy Converters and Wave Climates

Li, W. 2016. Numerical Modelling and Statistical Analysis of Ocean Wave Energy Converters and Wave Climates. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 1447. 58 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-554-9738-5. Ocean wave energy is considered to be one of the important potential renewable energy resources for sustainable development. Various wave energy converter technologies have been proposed to harvest the energy from ocean waves. This thesis is based on the linear generator wave energy converter developed at Uppsala University. The research in this thesis focuses on the foundation optimization and the power absorption optimization of the wave energy converters and on the wave climate modelling at the Lysekil wave converter test site. The foundation optimization study of the gravity-based foundation of the linear wave energy converter is based on statistical analysis of wave climate data measured at the Lysekil test site. The 25 years return extreme significant wave height and its associated mean zero-crossing period are chosen as the maximum wave for the maximum heave and surge forces evaluation. The power absorption optimization study on the linear generator wave energy converter is based on the wave climate at the Lysekil test site. A frequency-domain simplified numerical model is used with the power take-off damping coefficient chosen as the control parameter for optimizing the power absorption. The results show a large improvement with an optimized power take-off damping coefficient adjusted to the characteristics of the wave climate at the test site. The wave climate modelling studies are based on the wave climate data measured at the Lysekil test site. A new mixed distribution method is proposed for modelling the significant wave height. This method gives impressive goodness of fit with the measured wave data. A copula method is applied to the bivariate joint distribution of the significant wave height and the wave period. The results show an excellent goodness of fit for the Gumbel model. The general applicability of the proposed mixed-distribution method and the copula method are illustrated with wave climate data from four other sites. The results confirm the good performance of the mixed-distribution and the Gumbel copula model for the modelling of significant wave height and bivariate wave climate.
Building a control sample for galaxy pairs

Several observational works have attempted to isolate the effects of galaxy interactions by comparing galaxies in pairs with isolated galaxies. However, different authors have proposed different ways to build these so-called control samples (CS). By using mock galaxy catalogues of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4 buildup from the Millennium Simulation, we explore how the way of building a CS might introduce biases which could affect the interpretation of results. We make use of the fact that the physics of interactions are not included in the semi-analytic model, to infer that any difference between the mock control and pair samples can be ascribed to selection biases. Thus, we find that galaxies in pairs artificially tend to be older and more bulge dominated, and to have less cold gas and different metallicities than their isolated counterparts. Also because of a biased selection, galaxies in pairs tend to live in higher density environments and in haloes of larger masses. We find that imposing constraints on redshift, stellar masses and local densities diminishes the selection biases by ≈70 per cent. Based on these findings, we suggest observers how to build a unique and unbiased CS in order to reveal the effect of galaxy interactions.
Running Data-Intensive Scientific Workflows in the Cloud

The scale of scientific applications becomes increasingly large not only in computation, but also in data. Many of these applications also concern inter-related tasks with data dependencies, hence, they are scientific workflows. The efficient coordination of executing/running scientific workflows is of great practical importance. The core of such coordination is scheduling and resource allocation. In this paper, we present three scheduling heuristics for running large-scale, data-intensive scientific workflows in clouds. In particular, the three heuristic algorithms are designed to leverage slot queue threshold, data locality and data prefetching, respectively. We also demonstrate how these heuristics can be collectively used to tackle different issues in running "data-intensive" workflows in clouds although each of these heuristics can be used independently. The practicality of our algorithms has been realized by actually implementing and incorporating them into our workflow execution system (DEWE). Using Montage, an astronomical image mosaic engine, as an example workflow, and Amazon EC2 as the cloud environment, we evaluate the performance of our heuristics in terms primarily of completion time (make span). We also scrutinize workflow execution showing different execution phases to identify their impact on performance. Our algorithms scale well and reduce make span by up to 27%.
Searching genetic databases on Splash 2

The author describes two systolic arrays for computing the edit distance between two genetic sequences using a well-known dynamic programming algorithm. The systolic arrays have been implemented for the Splash 2 programmable logic array and are intended to be used for database searching. Simulations indicate that the faster Splash 2 implementation can search a database at a rate of 12 million characters per second, several orders of magnitude faster than implementations of the dynamic programming algorithm on conventional computers. <<ETX>>
Redundancy method used in PLC related applications

PLC related applications are more complex as far as more components are involved. If some error occurs, diagnosis can take some time, but a logical procedure will shorten the time needed to locate the fault. The probability of failure of different parts of typical PLC systems shows [1] that 95% of PLC systems are external faults and occur on plant items such as: sensors, actuators, transducers, limit switchers, and others. The possibility of determining the validity of the data gathered from all transducers of the control system assures a way of short time fault detection. Consequently, a fault-tolerant control system must be implemented using redundant structures, representing an alternative for malfunctioning element detection. This paper presents a method used to design and implement a control system based on redundant structures. A case study for the geothermal power plant at the University of Oradea was developed. The redundant structure considered was simulated using MathLab/Simulink and analyzed using different scenarios. Finally, a possible implementation of resulting control system structure is done using a programmable logical controller (PLC).
FPGA based real-time color discrimination design for ubiquitous robots

Detecting objects by their color is essential in robotic sensing. A simple way is probably to capture images with a digital camera and then using algorithms to determine colors of an input image. However, this approach is always afiected by some issues such as light re∞ection and shadows on the object’s surface. Although some sensory methodologies for color detection are available, they might not be a good choice in a ubiquitous robotic system, whereby realtime computation ability and low power consumption are of utmost importance. Too complicated image processing techniques will cause some practical problems when implemented in an embedded system. Here, a real-time algorithm is presented for color detection which can be used with the fleld programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. By utilizing the proposed approach implemented in circuit designs, realtime color discrimination can be achieved with good performance as demonstrated in this paper.
Organic cation transport by Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster: application of two novel electrophysiological methods

SUMMARY Transport of the prototypical organic cation tetraethylammonium (TEA) by the Malpighian tubules, ureters and gut of Drosophila melanogaster was studied using two novel electrophysiological techniques. Both techniques exploited the high selectivity of the cation exchanger potassium tetra-p-chlorophenylborate for tetraalkylammonium compounds relative to inorganic cations such as K+. In the first technique, TEA fluxes were measured using a non-invasive self-referencing TEA-selective microelectrode positioned in the unstirred layer near the surface of each tissue. TEA fluxes from bath to lumen as large as 6 pmol cm–2 s–1 were measured across the lower (reabsorptive) segment of the Malpighian tubule and the ureter bathed in saline containing 0.1 mmol l–1 TEA. Corresponding bath-to-lumen fluxes across the secretory main segment of the Malpighian tubule and the posterior midgut were∼ 1 pmol cm–2 s–1. TEA transport by the lower Malpighian tubule was enhanced by hyperpolarization of the basolateral membrane potential and was inhibited by cimetidine, quinidine, vinblastine and verapamil. In the second technique, TEA concentration was measured using a TEA-selective microelectrode positioned in droplets of fluid secreted by Malpighian tubules set up in saline droplets under oil in a Ramsay assay. Results from the Ramsay assay confirmed the dominant role of the lower Malpighian tubule in net transepithelial secretion of TEA and inhibition of TEA transport by cimetidine. Kinetic parameters (Jmax and Kt) were determined using both approaches.
Histone modification levels are predictive for gene expression

Histones are frequently decorated with covalent modifications. These histone modifications are thought to be involved in various chromatin-dependent processes including transcription. To elucidate the relationship between histone modifications and transcription, we derived quantitative models to predict the expression level of genes from histone modification levels. We found that histone modification levels and gene expression are very well correlated. Moreover, we show that only a small number of histone modifications are necessary to accurately predict gene expression. We show that different sets of histone modifications are necessary to predict gene expression driven by high CpG content promoters (HCPs) or low CpG content promoters (LCPs). Quantitative models involving H3K4me3 and H3K79me1 are the most predictive of the expression levels in LCPs, whereas HCPs require H3K27ac and H4K20me1. Finally, we show that the connections between histone modifications and gene expression seem to be general, as we were able to predict gene expression levels of one cell type using a model trained on another one.
Conceptualization of Optimistic Models for the World in Paremic Picture of the World

The description of language expression of an ethno cultural stereotype in assessment of optimistic approach to judgment of a role of trials destiny provides in human life is offered. The optimistic outlook model is considered as integrative linguo-cognitive area which valuable dominants are directly connected with points, key for national sphere of concepts. The algorithm of a descriptive technique is presented on the example of cognitive and pragmatical modeling of semantics in the Russian proverbs of theme groups "Destiny - Patience - Hope" and "Patience - Hope" from the collection "Proverbs of the Russian People" of V. I. Dahl. The area of paremic verbalization of cognitive category "Optimism" is considered taking into account polyconceptuality of national aphorisms maintenance and ambivalence of the ethno culture major stereotypes assessment concluded in them. Linguo-cognitive potential of paremias in representation of optimistic outlook model is defined with aphoristic value of paremias, pragmatical recommendation expressed in them and a valuable semantic core.
Optimal on-line (m,k)-firm constraint assignment for real-time control tasks based on plant state information

In this paper, we study the problem of scheduling a set of control tasks. We distinguish three different situations of states of controlled plants: not activated, steady state situation and transient situation. The infinite-horizon and finite-horizon cost functions are respectively used to represent the performance of each control task in last two situations. We propose a scheduling architecture in which, according to the plant state situation, the task handler switches between these two types of performance criterion to determine an on-line (m,k)-constraint based control task scheduling strategy, so that the overall control performance is maintained at a high level in each situation subject to the task schedulability. The approach is exemplified on a set of controllers for different plants.
Enhancing the driver awareness of pedestrian using augmented reality cues

Pedestrian accident is a serious problem for the society. Pedestrian Collision Warning Systems (PCWS) are proposed to detect the presence of pedestrians and to warn the driver about the potential dangers. However, their interfaces associated with ambiguous alerts can distract drivers and create more dangers. On the other hand, Augmented Reality (AR) with Head-Up Display (HUD) interfaces have recently attracted the attention in the field of automotive research as they can maintain driver's gaze on the road. In this paper, we design a new PCWS with the AR cues and propose an experimental to evaluate the AR cues by assessing the driver's awareness of a pedestrian. At this stage, a fixed-based driving simulator is used for the study. Twenty five healthy middle-aged licensed drivers participate in the experiment. A car following task is proposed as the main driving task. Three levels of the driver's awareness of a pedestrian: the perception level, the vigilance level and the anticipation level are assessed through the observable outcomes. The results show that the proposed AR cues can enhance the driver's awareness of a pedestrian in all the three levels.
Moving rigid objects segmentation in 3D dynamic traffic scenes using a stereovision system

This paper proposes a novel method for detecting the moving vehicles in dynamic urban traffic scenes using a stereo camera. Relying on the fact that a set of feature points on a rigid 3D scene object are staying in a rigid 3D configuration, we propose to compute the relative motion between the camera and a moving object with an algorithm that follows from the visual odometry based motion estimation methods. Subtracting the camera motion we obtain the absolute object motion. Additionally we create a compact representation of the scene using superpixels computed from intensity and depth information. A graph-like structure is built, having superpixels as nodes and indicating neighboring relationships between adjacent superpixels. Objects are segmented using a fast region growing algorithm that considers as seeds the features used to compute the object motion.
Do work commutes moderate the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress?

ABSTRACT Although numerous studies show that living in a neighborhood that is characterized by disorder (crime and dilapidation) can be psychologically distressing, very few studies have considered the element of exposure time or duration of exposure to adverse neighborhood environments. In this paper, we explore the intersection of commuting, mental health, and the subjective experience of neighborhood disadvantage and impoverished community life. Using data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project (2001), a probability sample of 1057 low-income women with children living in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, we test whether the association between neighborhood disorder and psychological distress is moderated or attenuated by commuting time and distance. Our results show that although neighborhood disorder is associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and somatization, disorder tends to be less distressing for residents who are able to spend time away from these environments through longer commuting times and distances. In other words, working away from one’s neighborhood of residence may help to mitigate the adverse psychological consequences of neighborhood disorder. Our findings support previous research on the stress process and neighborhood disorder. Our work builds on the commuting literature by re-conceptualizing commuting time and distance as protective resources for disadvantaged populations.