Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic tagging of minority language data: a case study using Qtag

While probabilistic methods of part-of-speech tag assignment have long received consideration in corpus and computational-linguistic research, less attention would appear to have been paid to date to the development of tagging accuracy over rounds of iterative, interactive training in applications of these methods. Understanding this aspect of probabilistic tagging is arguably of particular importance to the successful construction of minority language corpora, where financial resources for corpus development are often limited and no fixed standards for either orthography or part of speech assignment may necessarily exist. This paper therefore presents a case study in the application of pure probabilistic tagging, as represented by Qtag (Tufis and Mason, 1998), to minority-language data from Mennonite Low German (Plautdietsch). Concentrating upon the relationship of several factors (including training data size, tag set complexity, and orthographic normalization) to the development of tagging accuracy, the present study conducts computational simulations of the iterative, interactive training process to compare the interactions of these factors quantitatively over time. The study concludes with a discussion of these factors’ relevance to the development of accuracy in tagging as well as of potential confounds to the application of probabilistic tagging methods to similar minority language data.
Designing Distributed Applications with Mobile Code Paradigms

Large scale distributed systems are becoming of paramount importance, due to the evolution of technology and to the interest of market. Their development, however, is not yet supported by a sound teclmological and methodological background, as the results developed for small size distributed systems often do not scale up. Recently, mobile code languages (MCLs) have been proposed as a technological answer to the problem. In this work, -we abstract away from the details of these languages by deriving design paradigms exploiting code mobility that are independent of any particular technology. We present such design paradigms, together with a discussion of their features, their application domain, and some hints about the selection of the correct paradigm for a given distributed application.
Application of Tripolar Concentric Electrodes and Prefeature Selection Algorithm for Brain–Computer Interface

For persons with severe disabilities, a brain-computer interface (BCI) may be a viable means of communication. Lapalacian electroencephalogram (EEG) has been shown to improve classification in EEG recognition. In this work, the effectiveness of signals from tripolar concentric electrodes and disc electrodes were compared for use as a BCI. Two sets of left/right hand motor imagery EEG signals were acquired. An autoregressive (AR) model was developed for feature extraction with a Mahalanobis distance based linear classifier for classification. An exhaust selection algorithm was employed to analyze three factors before feature extraction. The factors analyzed were 1) length of data in each trial to be used, 2) start position of data, and 3) the order of the AR model. The results showed that tripolar concentric electrodes generated significantly higher classification accuracy than disc electrodes.
Very Fast Online Learning of Highly Non Linear Problems

The experimental investigation on the efficient learning of highly non-linear problems by online training, using ordinary feed forward neural networks and stochastic gradient descent on the errors computed by back-propagation, gives evidence that the most crucial factors for efficient training are the hidden units' differentiation, the attenuation of the hidden units' interference and the selective attention on the parts of the problems where the approximation error remains high. In this report, we present global and local selective attention techniques and a new hybrid activation function that enables the hidden units to acquire individual receptive fields which may be global or local depending on the problem's local complexities. The presented techniques enable very efficient training on complex classification problems with embedded subproblems.
Race and the retreat from marriage: A shortage of marriageable men?

We provide a search-theoretic model of the transition to first marriage among young [black and white] women in the United States. We measure directly the pool of unmarried men relative to unmarried women in local marriage markets as well as the economic attractiveness of available men for each unmarried woman in the NLSY [National Longitudinal Survey of Youth]. Our event-history analysis evaluates the contextual effects of marriage market conditions while controlling for individual factors like womens employment and value orientations known to affect marital timing. (EXCERPT)
Grameen Shakti: A Renewable Energy Social Business Model for Global Replication

Grameen Shakti (Rural Energy), one of the companies developed by the 2006 Nobel Laureate, Dr. Muhammad Yunus, has since 1996 implemented an effective model to deliver renewable energy to the off-grid areas and rural poor in Bangladesh. The Grameen Shakti renewable energy program includes: solar energy through their Solar Home System (SHS); biogas for use as cooking fuel, electricity production and organic fertilizer; and improved cooking stoves (ICS). The model also includes a social business component that: creates employment; fosters entrepreneurship; empowers women, youth and communities; breaks the cycle of energy poverty; and contributes to the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals (MDG). The Grameen Shakti model is expanding rapidly in Bangladesh and has begun to be replicated outside the country. Great strides in overcoming the problem of energy poverty can be achieved by expanding the replication of the Grameen Shakti model through cooperation between governments, corporations, investors, and/or social entrepreneurs. This will help to achieve the goal of universal energy access by 2030.
BAY-K-8644-stimulated cyclic GMP synthesis in mouse pituitary tumor cells.

The 1,4-dihydropyridine BAY-K-8644 [methyl-1,4-dihydro-2, 6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate] acts as both a calcium channel agonist and antagonist by stimulating or inhibiting inward calcium current. In AtT-20 mouse pituitary tumor cells, BAY-K-8644 both stimulates and blocks adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion. Because in several cell systems the cytoplasmic enzyme guanylate cyclase is activated, presumably by calcium entry, the effect of BAY-K-8644 on cyclic GMP (cGMP) synthesis in AtT-20 cells was assessed. BAY-K-8644 increased cGMP accumulation in a time-dependent manner. The concentrations of BAY-K-8644, however, required to increase cGMP formation were not associated with its stimulatory effects on secretion but rather with its ability to antagonize basal and (-)-isoproterenol-induced ACTH secretion. The inhibitory effect of BAY-K-8644 on ACTH secretion was not mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP. The cGMP response to BAY-K-8644 was not mimicked by the cationophore, A-23187, or depolarizing concentrations of K+. Other calcium channel antagonists such as nifedipine or verapamil had markedly smaller effects on cGMP formation compared to BAY-K-8644. Sodium nitroprusside and sodium azide both increased cGMP synthesis in AtT-20 cells and both inhibited, to a lesser extent than BAY-K-8644, both basal- and (-)-isoproterenol-stimulated ACTH release. The data suggest that BAY-K-8644 stimulates cGMP synthesis by binding to sites less accessible or poorly activated by other dihydropyridines, and that stimulation of guanylate cyclase is independent of inward calcium current. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetic mechanism for viral dsRNA length discrimination by MDA5 filaments

The viral sensor MDA5 distinguishes between cellular and viral dsRNAs by length-dependent recognition in the range of ∼0.5–7 kb. The ability to discriminate dsRNA length at this scale sets MDA5 apart from other dsRNA receptors of the immune system. We have shown previously that MDA5 forms filaments along dsRNA that disassemble upon ATP hydrolysis. Here, we demonstrate that filament formation alone is insufficient to explain its length specificity, because the intrinsic affinity of MDA5 for dsRNA depends only moderately on dsRNA length. Instead, MDA5 uses a combination of end disassembly and slow nucleation kinetics to “discard” short dsRNA rapidly and to suppress rebinding. In contrast, filaments on long dsRNA cycle between partial end disassembly and elongation, bypassing nucleation steps. MDA5 further uses this repetitive cycle of assembly and disassembly processes to repair filament discontinuities, which often are present because of multiple, internal nucleation events, and to generate longer, continuous filaments that more accurately reflect the length of the underlying dsRNA scaffold. Because the length of the continuous filament determines the stability of the MDA5–dsRNA interaction, the mechanism proposed here provides an explanation for how MDA5 uses filament assembly and disassembly dynamics to discriminate between self vs. nonself dsRNA.
On-line control of glucose feeding in an Escherichia coli fed-batch cultivation expressing a recombinant protein.

Soft sensors have been suggested as potent tools for on-line estimations of critical bioprocess variables to be able to control the biological process in an as high extent as possible. The formation of inhibitory by-products in the form of organic acids, caused by an overflow of glucose, is a problem in most bioprocesses expressing recombinant proteins. In this project a new method of controlling the glucose feeding in an Escherichia coli fed-batch cultivation expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was investigated. The new controller system implemented in the software controlled the feed rate based on on-line HPLC measurements of the concentration of organic acids. The results showed that the controller managed to down-regulate the inhibitory organic acids to a low level as it tried to keep the glucose uptake rate at an optimum for maximum cell growth. The results suggested that the controller could be a powerful tool to create a more secure reproducibility and to generate high product yields in recombinant protein productions.
Entry routes of malignant lymphoma into the brain and eyes in a mouse model.

We have recently developed a novel mouse model for studying the infiltration of malignant lymphoma to the eye and brain. After i.p. inoculation of variant S49 mouse lymphoma cells into young mice (optimum: day 7 postnatal), specific homing of these cells (named Rev-2-T-6) to the brain and eyes took place. This model offers an opportunity to study the routes of infiltration to these sites and spread thereof, as well as the molecular mechanisms that govern this metastasis. By applying a time course histopathological analysis, we demonstrate that infiltration of the brain and eyes can be visualized as early as days 9 and 14 after inoculation, respectively. The lymphoma cells enter the brain preferentially through the choroid plexus and cranial nerves. Infiltration of the rostral part occurs before the caudal part of the brain. Once within the brain, the cells spread within it as well as migrate along the optic nerve sheath into the eyes, where they continue to migrate along the choroid, ciliary body, iris, and into the anterior chamber of the eye. The orbit is also infiltrated by the lymphoma cells. However, this occurs independent of the brain-optic nerve-intraocular route.
Galantamine Postischemia Provides Neuroprotection and Memory Recovery against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils

Galantamine, currently used in Alzheimer's patients, has shown neuroprotection in hippocampal slices subjected to oxygenglucose deprivation. Here, we present an in vivo study to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of galantamine in a transient global cerebral ischemia model in gerbils. Three treatment protocols were used. In the pretreatment protocol, gerbils were treated before ischemia and for 3 consecutive days thereafter. Eight groups of animals were included: sham operation plus placebo, 10 mg/kg mecamylamine and 10 mg/kg galantamine, respectively; and ischemia plus placebo, 10 mg/kg mecamylamine, 1 mg/kg galantamine, and 10 mg/kg galantamine and 10 mg/kg mecamylamine plus galantamine, respectively. Postischemia protocols included three groups of animals: sham operation, ischemia plus placebo, and ischemia plus 10 mg/kg galantamine; substances were administered 3 or 6 h after ischemia and for 2 consecutive days thereafter. Pyramidal neurons surviving in the cornus ammonis 1 region of the hippocampus were evaluated 72 h after reperfusion, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) histochemistry, caspase-3 and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2 immunohistochemistries, and Western blottings were performed, and object placement tests were carried out. Galantamine significantly increased the number of living pyramidal neurons after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Galantamine significantly reduced TUNEL, active caspase-3, and SOD-2 immunoreactivity. The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine blocked the protective effects of galantamine. The neuroprotective effects of galantamine were preserved even when first administered at 3 h postischemia. These results correlated with the performance in the object placement test. This study shows that galantamine provides in vivo neuroprotection and memory recovery against global cerebral ischemia, even when administration begins 3 h postischemia.
ARE L-BOUNDED HOMOGENEOUS SINGULAR INTEGRALS

We present a dyadic one-dimensional version of the construction of even integrable functions Ω on the unit sphere S with mean value zero satisfying es sup ξ∈S ∫ S |Ω(θ)| log 1 |θ · ξ| dθ < +∞ , such that the singular integral operator TΩ given by convolution with the distribution p.v. Ω(x/|x|)|x| is bounded on L(R) if and only if p = 2.
Worst case end-to-end response times of flows scheduled with FP/FIFO

In this paper, we are interested in real-time flows requiring quantitative and deterministic Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. We focus more particularly on two QoS parameters: the worst case end-to-end response time and jitter. We consider a non-preemptive scheduling of flows, called FP/FIFO, based on fixed priorities. On each node, packets are scheduled according to their fixed priority, if several packets share the same one, they are scheduled according to their arrival time on the node considered. The fixed priority associated with a flow denotes the importance of the flow from the user point of view. The scheduling FP/FIFO is the most common implementation of FP. We show how to take into account the FIFO arbitration in the worst case analysis, based on the trajectory approach, allowing to establish a bound on the worst case end-to-end response time of any flow in the network. Finally, we present an example illustrating our results.
levodopa-induced dyskinesias . in Parkinson ' s disease and Metoclopramide and pimozide

SYNOPSIS Metoclopramide is an antiemetic drug which occasionally produces acute dystonic reactions. Although known to interfere with central dopamine mechanisms, it is frequently used in Parkinson's disease to prevent levodopa-induced nausea and vomiting. In this study metoclopramide did not increase Parkinsonism or reduce levodopa-induced involuntary movements in patients with Parkinson's disease. Pimozide, by contrast, increased Parkinsonism and reduced involuntary movements. The capacity of metoclopramide to produce acute dyskinesias while being apparently free of Parkinsonism effects is pharmacologically unique and differentiates this drug from the phenothiazines and butyrophenones.
The Scholarship of Engagement.

The goals were rooted in practical reality and aimed toward useful ends. In the 1940s the GI Bill brought eight million veterans back to campus, which sparked in this country a revolution of rising expectations. May I whisper that professors were not at the forefront urging the GI Bill; this initiative came from Congress. Many academics, in fact, questioned the wisdom of inviting GIs to campus; after all, these men hadn't passed the SATs-they'd simply gone off to war, and what did they know except survival? The story gets even grimmer. I read some years ago that the dean of admissions at one of the wellknown institutions in the country opposed the GIs because, he argued, many of them would be married; they would bring baby carriages to campus, and even contaminate the young undergraduates with bad ideas at that pristine institution. I think he knew little about GIs and even less about the undergraduates at his own college. But putting that resistance aside, the point is largely made that the universities joined in an absolutely spectacular experiment, in a cultural commitment to rising expectationsand what was for the GIs a privilege became for their children and grandchildren an absolute right. And there's no turning back. Almost coincidentally, Secretary of State
The Proverbs of New Public Management

The movement for an evidence-based practice of medicine seeks to systematically examine and challenge current practices in that professional field. This article uses the same philosophy to examine an extensive research agenda by Laurence J. O'Toole and Kenneth J. Meier and apply it to public management. Using the New Public Management as a foil, the article examines 10 extant proverbs of public management. The assessment shows the weak support for many such nostrums of public management and illustrates how systematic, theoretically designed quantitative research can inform the practice of public management.
CaptureMyEmotion: Helping Autistic Children Understand their Emotions Using Facial Expression Recognition and Mobile Technologies

One of the main challenges for autistic children is to identify and express emotions. Many emotion-learning apps are available for smartphones and tablets to assist autistic children and their carers. However, they do not use the full potential offered by mobile technology, such as using facial expression recognition and wireless biosensors to recognise and sense emotions. To fill this gap we developed CaptureMyEmotion, an Android App that uses wireless sensors to capture physiological data together with facial expression recognition to provide a very personalised way to help autistic children learn about their emotions. The App enables children to capture photos, videos or sounds, and simultaneously attach emotion data and a self-portrait photo. The material can then be reviewed and discussed together with a carer at a later stage. CaptureMyEmotion has the potential to help autistic children integrate better in the society by providing a new way for them to understand their emotions.
The Local News Story: Is Quality a Choice?

The conventional wisdom about local TV news is that quality journalism does not sell and that only by focusing on crime, disasters, and other “soft news” can newscasts get good ratings. Political scientists have decried the poor quality of TV news as a betrayal of the press's mandate to inform citizens of the important policy issues of the day so that they can hold government officials accountable. This study tests the proposition that audiences prefer low effort, tabloid journalism by looking at external measures of commercial success—the Nielsen ratings data. Utilizing data from a 5‐year study matching the content quality of 33,911 local news stories from 154 TV stations in 50 TV markets nationwide to corresponding ratings success, we show that solid reporting and a focus on significant issues actually produce better ratings than slapdash or superficial tabloid journalism. Additionally, we find that strategy-oriented coverage of political campaigns that focuses on the horserace does not build an audience. These surprising results have practical implications for democratic practice and local TV news production.
The influence of peer norms and popularity on smoking and drinking behavior among college fraternity members: A social network analysis

Previous research has found that Greek membership strongly predicts smoking and alcohol consumption. This paper examined the influence of popularity and conforming to perceived peer norms on smoking and drinking among college fraternity members using social network analysis. Social learning theory (Bandura, 1977) and diffusion of innovations (Rogers, 2003) were applied as theoretical frameworks. Results of a longitudinal study indicated that popularity significantly predicted both smoking and drinking behaviors. Strong homophily existed for smoking, but not for the number of drinks consumed per day. Smoking and drinking were significantly correlated, and diffusion of both behaviors occurred in the network over a period of time. Conforming to peer norms also mediated the effect of popularity on smoking and drinking within the peer social network. Popular members both smoked and drank more, but this occurred due to their greater likelihood of conforming to their peer group's smoking and drinking norms. Implications for future research are discussed.
An Image Fusion Method Using DT-CWT and Average Gradient

— Image fusion is a technique of combining complementary information from multiple images originated from different sources into single fused image. This paper proposes an image fusion method to merge remote sensing satellite images based on Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT). The Quickbird and Worldview satellite data are used for carrying out the experimental work. The objective and visual results show the superiority of the proposed fusion method over that based on classical discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and other methods based on the DT-CWT.
Performance evaluation of video streaming using TFRC, modified TFRC over wired networks

In the modern times we see that real time applications are increasing over the internet. Especially Multimedia streaming plays an important role in the Internet. These applications face congestion indication and reduce the reliability which is the major bottleneck in networks. So, streaming applications characterized by delay and bandwidth needs to get best effort in the network. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is not appropriated for the congestion problem in time-sensitive applications. TCP Friendly Rate Control protocol is an efficient rate control for streaming media applications in the wired network. The standard TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) with Additive Increase — Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) schema wastes the bandwidth and it may react to congestion when the packet loss has occurred. So TFRC with Square Increase — Multiplicative Decrease (SIMD) schema implemented based on Real time Transport Protocol (RTP) which improves video streaming quality at receiver. The RTP rate based SIMD provides the better quality than standard TFRC. This gives better performance with respect to delay, frame lose ratio, jitter and improves the video quality than the standard TFRC protocol. The Simulation results indicate the comparison with UDP, TFRC, and RB-SIMD based TFRC protocols
Ability Differences and Cognitive Mapping Skill

Abstract : Compares good and poor cognitive mappers on a number of individual difference variables potentially related to cognitive mapping skill: spatial abilities, visual/verbal processing style, motivation, and experience. Good and poor mapper groups were given several assessment tests for each of these categories. Comparisons of good and poor mappers' performance on these tests indicated that only spatial abilities reliably distinguished good mappers from poor mappers. Good cognitive mappers showed greater visualization ability, spatial orientation ability, visual memory, and field independence. Other measures showed no between-group differences. It is concluded that spatial ability is a major determinant of cognitive mapping skill and that spatial ability tests can be used to select personnel for tasks requiring navigation, orientation, and spatial judgment skills.