Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical assessment of the out-of-hospital trauma triage guidelines for physiologic abnormality.

BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACSCOT) "step 1" field physiologic criteria could be further restricted without substantially sacrificing sensitivity. We assessed whether more restrictive physiologic criteria would improve the specificity of this triage step without missing high-risk patients. METHODS We analyzed an out-of-hospital, consecutive patient, prospective cohort of injured adults >or=15 years collected from December 1, 2005, to February 28, 2007, by 237 emergency medical service agencies transporting to 207 acute care hospitals in 11 sites across the United States and Canada. Patients were included based on ACSCOT field decision scheme physiologic criteria systolic blood pressure <or=90, respiratory rate <10 or >29 breaths/min, Glasgow Coma Scale score <or=12, or field intubation. Seven field physiologic variables and four additional demographic and mechanism variables were included in the analysis. The composite outcome was mortality (field or in-hospital) or hospital length of stay >2 days. RESULTS Of 7,127 injured persons, 6,259 had complete outcome information and were included in the analysis. There were 3,631 (58.0%) persons with death or LOS >2 days. Using only physiologic measures, the derived rule included advanced airway intervention, shock index >1.4, Glasgow Coma Scale <11, and pulse oximetry <93%. Rule validation demonstrated sensitivity 72% (95% confidence interval: 70%-74%) and specificity 69% (95% confidence interval: 67%-72%). Inclusion of demographic and mechanism variables did not significantly improve performance measures. CONCLUSIONS We were unable to omit or further restrict any ACSCOT step 1 physiologic measures in a decision rule practical for field use without missing high-risk trauma patients.
A new infrared 3D camera for Gesture Control

Gesture Control is a subject which has been investigated almost from the beginning of using terminals to interact with the computer central unit. The advent of Kinect, has sparked a series of efforts to apply gesture control not only in gaming, but rather in controlling TVs or set-top boxes, PCs, laptops, and others. Gestures have been captured by various sensors, either triggering some binary events using primitive methods like mounting diodes around the bezel of the monitor and sensing the passage of the hand over them, or trying to interpret gestures using a camera and complex image processing algorithms based on learning machines techniques. By using special infrared (IR) illumination, it is now possible to obtain robust and stable real-time interaction between the user and the computer. Existing 3D cameras, however, require exotic hardware components, multiple image sensors, or structured IR light projected onto the user. In this paper, a novel real-time depth-mapping principle and IR camera is introduced. The new IR camera architecture comprises an illuminator module which is pulsed and modulated via a monotonic function using a phaselocked loop control for the laser intensity, while the reflected infrared light is captured in “slices” of the space in which the object of interest is situated. A reconfigurable hardware architecture unit calculates the depth slices and combines them in a depth-map of the object. The depth map is further used in the detection, tracking, and recognition of the gesture made by the user. The resolution is variable depending on the resolution and gating possibilities of the image sensor. A sensor of 1 megapixel is used, providing a resolution of 1024×1024. Images of real objects are reconstructed in 3D based on the data obtained by the laser slicing technique, and a corresponding image processing algorithm builds the 3D map of the object in real-time. As this paper will show through a series of experiments, the camera can be used in a variety of domains, including for gesture control of 3D objects in virtual environments.
Granuloma genes in sarcoidosis: what is new?

Purpose of review Nonnecrotizing granulomas in the affected organ are the hallmark of sarcoidosis. This review summarizes most recent genetic findings in sarcoidosis with a focus on genes that might influence granuloma formation or resolution. Specific results in multiple ethnic groups and certain clinical subphenotypes, such as extra-pulmonary organ involvement, are discussed. Recent findings Associations of genetic variants in antigen-presenting molecules (HLA-DRB1) were shown to confer risk to sarcoidosis and certain disease phenotypes in populations of different ethnic origins. Specific DRB1 alleles, such as *0301 and *0302, appear to confer protection against chronic disease, but in an ethnic-specific manner illustrating the extensive genetic heterogeneity and complexity at this locus. Mechanistic studies of putative sarcoid antigens lend further credence to a role of HLA-DRB1 in disease pathogenesis. With relevance to granuloma formation, genes involved in apoptotic processes and immune cell activation were further confirmed (ANXA11 and BTNL2) in multiple ethnicities; others were newly identified (XAF1). Linking mechanism to clinical application, a TNF variant was shown to correlate with anti-TNF response in sarcoidosis patients. Summary The investigation of known and novel risk variants for sarcoidosis and specific clinical phenotypes in various ethnicities highlights the genetic complexity of the disease. Detailed subanalysis of disease phenotypes revealed the potential for prediction of extra-pulmonary organ involvement and therapy response based on the patient's genotype.
HyperRef: online support for research literature assessment and documentation

Effiaent and effective assessment and documentationof scientificpapersisanimportantand challenging task. We have addressed this task by applying prinaples and techniques from software process engineering and have developed a comprehensive paper process model. This model has been applied, impmved and validated over the past two yeaIs at weekly discussion sessions. The model captures paperselectionand discussion, aswellas therecording and retrieval of the discussion results. The focus of this paper lies on HyperRef, a system that provideson-line support for many facets of the process rnodel,inparticular, foritsdiscussionpart. HyperRef gives guidance throughout the paper discussions, suppting the systematic and detailed classification,analysis,and evaluationof ~ch papem,and guaranteeing that all relevant information of the discussions isretainedinanannotated bibliography database. ’l%einitial motivation for this work was to train graduate students; ourapproachand supportingsystemisnow appliedbyseveral msearchgroups as well as by individual researchers to scientific papers and mseamh literature in general.
Hardware Implementation for Real-Time Haze Removal

Haze removal is useful in computational photography and computer vision applications. Although many haze removal algorithms have been proposed, their computational efficiency requires improvement. A real-time haze removal method is presented in this paper. The method is based on the concept of a dark channel prior. To enhance the haze removal performance, an approximate method to estimate the atmospheric light and transmission is employed. For embedded system applications, a hardware architecture to perform real-time haze removal is proposed. The hardware can achieve 116 MHz on Stratix FPGA. The simulation results indicate that the hardware is highly efficient and performs well. It obtains good image recovery results and satisfies the real-time requirement even for large images.
Automatic Library Version Identification, an Exploration of Techniques

This paper is the result of a two month research internship on the topic of library version identification. In this paper, ideas and techniques from literature in the area of binary comparison and fingerprinting are outlined and applied to the problem of (version) identification of shared libraries and of libraries within statically linked binary executables. Six comparison techniques are chosen and implemented in an open-source tool which in turn makes use of the open-source radare2 framework for signature generation. The effectiveness of the techniques is empirically analyzed by comparing both artificial and real sample files against a reference dataset of multiple versions of dozens of libraries. The results show that out of these techniques, readable string--based techniques perform the best and that one of these techniques correctly identifies multiple libraries contained in a stripped statically linked executable file.
Elevation of a collagenase generated type II collagen neoepitope and proteoglycan epitopes in synovial fluid following induction of joint instability in the dog.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Measurement of markers of cartilage pathology in synovial fluid may provide clinical rheumatologists and osteoarthritis (OA) researchers important information for early diagnosis of OA as well as a method for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment. This study demonstrates the value of this approach in an established model of OA (cranial cruciate ligament rupture) at a point distant enough from the original surgical manipulation so as to have little to no effect on the marker concentrations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether measurement of markers of cartilage collagen cleavage and proteoglycan turnover in synovial fluid from a canine model could be used to detect cartilage changes following the onset of joint instability during the development of OA. DESIGN A model of joint instability that develops OA was created in 18 mature dogs using monopolar radiofrequency energy (MRFE). MRFE was arthroscopically applied to one cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) while the contralateral CCL was sham treated. The treated CCLs ruptured approximately 8 weeks (55 +/- 1.6 days) after MRFE treatment. Synovial fluid was collected at time zero prior to MRFE treatment, 4 weeks after MRFE treatment, and at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after CCL rupture. Synovial fluid concentrations of the neoepitope COL2-3/4C long (type II collagen cleavage by collagenase) and epitopes 3B3(-) (proteoglycan aggrecan sulfation) and 846 (associated with aggrecan synthesis) were analyzed. RESULTS Compared to sham treated joints, the synovial fluid concentrations of COL2-3/4C long and 3B3(-) were significantly increased 2.2 fold and 2.9 fold, respectively, in joints with MRFE treated CCLs following CCL rupture. Concentrations of the 846 epitope in synovial fluid showed a trend toward an increase, which was not significant, after CCL rupture. CONCLUSIONS Concentrations of the collagenase-cleaved type II collagen neoepitope and 3B3(-) epitope in synovial fluid were significantly increased by 4 weeks and remained elevated for at least 16 weeks after CCL rupture. This suggests that in dogs the COL2-3/4C long neoepitope and 3B3(-) epitope are sensitive markers for changes in joint cartilage turnover in joints that are developing OA.
How stress influences our morality

All of us are stressed every now and then. There are phenomena we usually associate with stress, like health risks and feelings like fear, panic, or insecurity. But stress might also have effects we normally don’t think of; recent studies suggest it can dramatically influence our decision-making in a number of—perhaps unexpected—ways. This becomes particularly relevant in the moral context: people who are put under stress behave more compassionately in some situations, yet the opposite can be true in other situations. Why is this and what does this tell us about our morality? Maybe the comedian Tim Allen was right, when he said: “You don't know what people are really like until they’re under a lot of stress. ”
The Influence of Parental Psychopathology on Offspring Suicidal Behavior across the Lifespan

Suicide tends to occur in families, and parental psychopathology has been linked to offspring suicidal behaviors. This study explores the influence of parental mental disorders across the lifespan. Data are from the Sao Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, a cross-sectional household study with a representative sample of the adult population living in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil (N=2,942). Survival models examined bivariate and multivariate associations between a range of parental disorders and offspring suicidality. After controlling for comorbidity, number of mental disorders and offspring psychopathology, we found that parental psychopathology influences suicidal behaviors throughout most part of the life cycle, from childhood until young adult years. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and antisocial personality were associated with offspring suicidal ideation (OR 1.8 and 1.9, respectively), panic and GAD predicted suicidal attempts (OR 2.3 and 2.7, respectively), and panic was related to the transition from ideation to attempts (OR 2.7). Although noticed in many different stages of the lifespan, this influence is most evident during adolescence. In this period, depression and antisocial personality increased the odds of suicidal ideation (OR 5.1 and 3.2, respectively), and depression, panic disorder, GAD and substance abuse predicted suicidal attempts (OR varying from 1.7 to 3.8). In short, parental disorders characterized by impulsive-aggression and anxiety-agitation were the main predictors of offspring suicidality across the lifespan. This clinically relevant intergenerational transmission of suicide risk was independent of offspring mental disorders, and this underscores the need for a family approach to psychopathology.
A Collision Avoidance Mechanism for IEEE 802.11e EDCA Protocol to Improve Voice Transmissions in Wireless Local Area Networks

Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) is the basis protocol in IEEE 802.11e protocol suite. It is used for providing differentiated quality of service (QoS) in IEEE 802.11e standard wireless local area networks (WLANs). One of the main drawbacks in EDCA is the small values used for minimum and maximum contention window (CW) sizes for the AC_VO access category, the queue designated for voice transmission. The AC_VO queues of the QSTAs are very aggressive in transmitting their packets on to the channel due to their small CW sizes. This leads to degradation in the actual voice throughput performance even when the network size is small. This work proposes a new modification to the collision avoidance mechanism used by AC_VO queues without seriously effecting the performance of other traffic categories such as video and data. Extensive simulations are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed enhancement to the original collision avoidance mechanism.
A Performance Model for Duato's Fully Adaptive Routing Algorithm in k-Ary n-Cubes

Analytical models of deterministic routing in wormhole-routed k-ary n-cubes have widely been reported in the literature. Although many fully adaptive routing algorithms have been proposed to overcome the performance limitations of deterministic routing, there have been hardly any studies that describe analytical models for these algorithms. This paper proposes a new analytical model for obtaining latency measures in high-radix k-ary n-cubes with fully adaptive routing, based on Duato's algorithm (1998). The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing analytical results with those obtained through simulation experiments.
Expression of CD10 and Cytokeratins in Ovarian and Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma

A solid pattern of tumor cells with a clear cytoplasm is common to both ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OvCCC) and renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC). This study examined the possible differential expression of CD10 and cytokeratins (CK7, CK20, 34βE12, and CAM5.2) between these two types. An immunohistochemical technique using peroxidase-labeled amino acid polymers was used to test formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. In OvCCC, 6 of 29 cases were positive for CD10, and all cases had expression of CK7, 34βE12, and CAM5.2. In contrast, all 24 RCCC cases had CD10 and CAM5.2 immunoreactivity, but none had any staining for 34βE12. CK7 was only expressed in nine cases. No CK20 positivity was observed in any sample from either tumor type. Localization of CD10 expression was different in OvCCC versus RCCC. Although positive staining for 34βE12 strongly suggests OvCCC, sometimes only a few cells may be stained. Therefore, 34βE12-negative biopsies also should be evaluated for CD10 and CK7 immunoreactivity to enable histologic and cytologic differential diagnosis.
Time-consistent Depth Estimation for 2 Dto-3 D Conversion System Using Color Histogram and Variance Map

We present a time-consistent depth estimation algorithm for 2D-to-3D video conversion. The algorithm exploits variance of image to identify the foreground, and uses modified scene change detection method that exploits a color histogram. In simulations the proposed algorithm did not commit depth-reversal or saliency-instability. Keywords—Saliency, Depth-reversal, Estimation instability
Association of Chemokine-mediated Block to HIV Entry with Coreceptor Internalization*

Chemokines inhibit entry of HIV into CD4+ T cells more effectively than into macrophages or transfected adherent cells. Here, we tested whether chemokine receptor internalization could account for cell type differences in the effectiveness of chemokines. Infection of CEM T cells expressing stably transduced wild-type CCR5 was much more readily inhibited by chemokine than were transduced HOS cells. This response correlated with the efficiency of CCR5 internalization. A mutated CCR5, termed M7-CCR5, in which the Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in the cytoplasmic tail were changed to Ala, did not internalize in response to MIP-1α. M7-CCR5 was expressed at slightly higher levels than wild-type on stably transduced cell lines and was somewhat more potent as an HIV-1 coreceptor. The mutated receptor mobilized intracellular Ca2+ in response to chemokine to a level 4-fold higher than did the wild type CCR5. Unexpectedly, the receptor was desensitized as efficiently as wild type, suggesting that desensitization does not require cytoplasmic tail phosphorylation. Entry of R5 HIV-1 reporter virus into cells stably expressing M7-CCR5 was largely resistant to blocking by MIP-1α. As much as 80% of entry inhibition was attributed to receptor internalization. Aminooxypentane (AOP)-MIP-1α was able to induce a low level of M7-CCR5 internalization in HOS and to weakly inhibit HIV-1 entry. Introduction of dominant negative dynamin into HOS cells reduced the ability of chemokine to inhibit infection. The inefficiency of internalization of chemokine receptors in some cell types could allow virus to replicate in vivo in the presence of endogenous chemokine. Last, M7-CCR5 is a useful tool for discriminating coreceptor internalization from binding site masking in the evaluation of small molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 entry.
Towards Automated Full Body Detection of Laughter Driven by Human Expert Annotation

Within the EU ILHAIRE Project, researchers of several disciplines (e.g., computer sciences, psychology) collaborate to investigate the psychological foundations of laughter, and to bring this knowledge into shape for the use in new technologies (i.e., affective computing). Within this framework, in order to endow machines with laughter capabilities (encoding as well as decoding), one crucial task is an adequate description of laughter in terms of morphology. In this paper we present a work methodology towards automated full body laughter detection: starting from expert annotations of laughter videos we aim to identify the body features that characterize laughter.
Characteristics of the atmospheric particle formation events observed at a borel forest site in southern Finland

We analysed 184 formation events of new atmospheric aerosol particles, observed at a boreal forest site in Hyytiala, southern Finland. Recognition, selection and classification of the formation events was based on continuous experimental size distribution data for submicron particles from a period 31 January 1996-18 September 1999 (1327 days). The formation events were classified, and their characteristic features such as the starting time and duration of the particle formation, the number of new particles produced, the particle growth rate at the beginning of the formation burst, and the final particle size after the observed 8-hour growth subsequent to formation, were quantified. The formation rate of 3 nm particles, J 3 , varied in the range 0.001-1 particles cm -3 s -1 . The ultrafine particle growth rates varied in the range 1-17 nm h -1 . The possible coupling between the apparent formation rate of new particles and their growth rate subsequent to formation was discussed.
ineral trioxide aggregate material use in endodontic reatment: A review of the literature

Objective. The purpose of this paper was to review the composition, properties, biocompatibility, and the clinical results involving the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) materials in endodontic treatment. Methods. Electronic search of scientific papers from January 1990 to August 2006 was accomplished using PubMed and Scopus search engines (search terms: MTA, GMTA, WMTA, mineral AND trioxide AND aggregate). Results. Selected exclusion criteria resulted in 156 citations from the scientific, peer-reviewed dental literature. MTA materials are derived from a Portland cement parent compound and have been demonstrated to be biocompatible endodontic repair materials, with its biocompatible nature strongly suggested by its ability to form hydroxyappatite when exposed to physiologic solutions. With some exceptions, MTA materials provide better microleakage protection than traditional endodontic repair materials using dye, fluid filtration, and bacterial penetration leakage models. In both animal and human studies, MTA materials have been shown to have excellent potential as pulp-capping and pulpotomy medicaments but studies with long-term follow-up are limited. Preliminary studies suggested a favorable MTA material use as apical and furcation restorative materials as well as medicaments for apexogenesis and apexification treatments; however, long-term clinical studies are needed in
Security audit: a case study [information systems]

This paper presents the basics of an information systems security audit, through a real security audit carried out on a medium-sized organization. The audit was the 1/sup st/ security audit done on the company and would serve as a security baseline for future audits. An effective security audit should not be a one-time event but rather an ongoing process. Security is a delicate balance between protection, availability and user acceptance. We start the security audit at the outside of the network and gradually work our way inward. We performed a vulnerability check on the exposed IP addresses and ports. Each of the vulnerabilities found was carefully assessed to see if it violated the security policies of the organization. An analysis of firewalls and various remote access methods of the organization were also evaluated. Using a wireless network sniffer, we found the footprints of the wireless LAN and some interesting results were obtained. Finally, some sensitive managerial issues and findings of an awareness survey of information security were presented.