Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting Complex Multi-Dimensional Queries in P2P Systems

More and more applications require peer-to-peer (P2P) systems to support complex queries over multi-dimensional data. For example, a P2P auction network for real estate frequently needs to answer queries such as "select five available buildings closest to the airport". Such queries are not efficiently supported in current P2P systems. Towards an efficient and scalable P2P system capable of processing complex multi-dimensional queries, the authors first proposed a comprehensive framework for sharing, indexing, and querying multi-dimensional data, where (i) peers with more computational power coordinate indexing and query processing, and (ii) other peers participate in part of the computation in order to achieve scalability and load-balance. Based on this framework, Network-R-tree (NR-tree), a P2P adaptation of the dominant spatial index - R*-tree was proposed. NR-tree, indexing spatial data at clustered peers, is capable of processing complex queries such as range queries and k-nearest neighbor queries. The authors proposed query processing algorithms for range and k-nearest neighbor queries and experimentally prove the effectiveness of proposed techniques with real data
Perfiles de la pobreza en Chiapas

Se presentan los resultados de la medicion de la pobreza en el estado de Chiapas, con base en el censo del ano 2000, en sus regiones y en sus municipios, empleando la metodologia elaborada por el Comite Tecnico para la Medicion de la Pobreza. El resultado del estudio muestra que la incidencia y la intensidad de la pobreza en el estado son bastante elevadas, en comparacion con las mediciones en el resto del pais, y que ambas dimensiones estan fuertemente relacionadas. Este estrecho vinculo se observa tambien en las regiones y municipios del estado. Tomando en cuenta estas caracteristicas el estudio concluye que las medidas de combate a la pobreza en Chiapas deben ser universales.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a neurochromometrics of mind.

The mainstays of brain imaging techniques have been positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and event-related potentials (ERPs). These methods all record direct or indirect measures of brain activity and correlate the activity patterns with behavior. But to go beyond the correlations established by these techniques and prove the necessity of an area for a given function, cognitive neuroscientists need to be able to reverse engineer the brain -- i.e., to selectively remove components from information processing and assess their impact on the output. This book is about transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a technique that emerged during the same period as neuroimaging and has made it possible to reverse engineer the human brain's role in behavioral and cognitive functions. The subject areas that can be studied using TMS run the gamut of cognitive psychology -- attention, perception, awareness, eye movements, action selection, memory, plasticity, language, numeracy, and priming. The book presents an overview of historical attempts at magnetic brain stimulation, ethical considerations of the technique's use, basic technical and practical information, the results of numerous TMS studies, and a discussion of the future of TMS in the armamentarium of cognitive neuropsychology.
Configuration et changement organisationnel des ligues et fédérations sportives belges. Typologie et perspectives d'évolution

" Sport " ! S'il est un concept aux significations multiples, aujourd'hui, c'est bien celui-la. Les ligues et federations sportives, en charge du sport organise, sont confrontees a cette polysemie mais egalement a un environnement pertinent en constante evolution. La question se pose de savoir si elles sont en mesure de repondre a cette evolution, voire d'anticiper les changements qu'elle impose. Le sciences sociales et de gestion offrent differentes methodes de recherche pour repondre a cette question. Le choix a ete fait de recourir a l'approche configurationnelle des organisations. Elle prend en compte leurs structures, les relations qui s'etablissent entre leurs acteurs, leur environnement pertinent, leurs missions, leurs valeurs et leurs strategies, et les place dans le contexte d'un cycle de vie des organisations. Notre these applique l'approche configurationnelle a un echantillon de ligues et federations belges, tant en Communaute flamande qu'en Communaute francaise de Belgique, dans le but d'en cerner une typologie configurationnelle (1), d'eclairer le processus de changement qui s'y exerce (2) et de degager des propositions de pilotage qui soient connectees sur la nature des changements observes (3). En produisant un cadre de reference qui reponde aux deux premiers objectifs, elle ne peut pretendre a une classification de l'ensemble des ligues et federations belges. Elle offre cependant un cadre d'analyse qui puisse fonctionner comme un "espace de convergence" des regards des dirigeants. Nous esperons contribuer, de la sorte, a une convergence des diagnostics. Conduire une politique passe par cette premiere etape qui reste, de toute facon, bien evidemment, ouverte a la discussion et a la critique tant methodologique que theorique. Les propositions de pilotage ont ete cadrees selon cinq axes (les missions, l'organisation, les relations entre benevoles et salaries, l'offre d'accompagnement et la gestion de la relation a l'environnement) et s'adressent aux acteurs de l'environnement pertinent, aux ministres en charge du sport et a leurs administrations et aux acteurs de la structure de la ligue ou de la federation. Si les grands dessins et les projets visionnaires ont leur place dans la transformation des systemes sportif nationaux, des clefs pour comprendre les elements qui structurent le quotidien dans le fonctionnement des organisations sportives sont egalement necessaires. C'est a cela que cette these a souhaite contribuer.
THE STRUCTURE OF ROAD TRAFFIC SCENES AS REVEALED BY UNSUPERVISED ANALYSIS OF THE TIME AVERAGED OPTICAL FLOW

The Lucas-Kanade tracker has proven to be an efficient and accurate method for calculation of the optical flow. However, this algorithm can reliably track only suitable image features like corners and edges. Therefore, the optical flow can only be calculated for a few points in each image, resulting in sparse optical flow fields. Accumulation of these vectors over time is a suitable method to retrieve a dense motion vector field. However, the accumulation process limits application of the proposed method to fixed camera setups. Here, a histogram based approach is favored to allow more than a single typical flow vector per pixel. The resulting vector field can be used to detect roads and prescribed driving directions which constrain object movements. The motion structure can be modeled as a graph. The nodes represent entry and exit points for road users as well as crossings, while the edges represent typical paths.
Requirements for building accessible web-based communities for people with functional diversity

In this article, we analyse the distinguishing features of web-based communities. In many situations the technology is still an access barrier for people with special needs. With the appropriate technological support, users with special needs may meet the social requirements which are traditionally considered success factors for web-based communities. To guarantee that democratic participation can be accessed by all community members, who have not been trained in usability and accessibility criteria, we propose: to engage community members to guarantee contents accessibility by applying some contents accessibility guidelines; an open and flexible architecture that provides accessible services, namely EU4ALL architecture. We also express our concern that the social software developed under the new Web 2.0 philosophy does not fully follow the principles of universal design.
Evaluating the effects of common control measures for influenza A (H1N1) outbreak at school in China: A modeling study

Background Influenza A (H1N1) outbreaks have become common at schools in China since 2009. However, the effects of common countermeasures for school influenza outbreak have not been quantified so far, including isolation, vaccination, antivirus and school closure. We conducted a mathematically modeling study to address this unsolved issue. Methods We collected data of all small-scale school outbreaks caused by influenza A that occurred in Changsha city between January 2009 and December 2013. Two outbreaks (one was in 2009 and the other one was in 2013) were used for simulating the effects of single and combined use of common measures, including isolation (Iso), therapeutics (T), prophylactics (P), vaccinating 70% of susceptible individuals prior to the outbreak (VP70), vaccinating 70% of susceptible individuals every day during the outbreak (VD70) and school closure of one week (S1w). A susceptible—exposed—infectious/asymptomatic—recovered (SEIR) model was developed to implement the simulations based on the natural history of influenza A. Results When no control measures are taken, the influenza is expected to spread quickly at school for the selected outbreak in 2013; the outbreak would last 56 days, and the total attack rate (TAR) would reach up to 46.32% (95% CI: 46.12–46.52). Of all single control measures, VP70 is most effective to control the epidemic (TAR = 8.68%), followed by VP50, VD70, VD50 and Iso. The use of VP70 with any other measure can reduce TAR to 3.37–14.04% and showed better effects than any other combination of two kinds of measures. The best two-measure combination is ‘S1w+VP70’ (TAR = 3.37%, DO = 41 days). All combinations of three kinds of measures were not satisfactory when Vp70 and VD70 were excluded. The most effective three-intervention combination was ‘Iso+S1w+VP70’ (with TAR = 3.23%). When VP70 or VD70 is included, the combinations of four or five kinds of interventions are very effective, reducing TAR to lower than 5%. But the TAR of combination of ‘T+P+Iso+S1w’ is 23.20%. Similar simulation results were observed for the selected outbreak in 2009. Conclusion Vaccinating no less than 70% of individuals prior to the outbreak and isolation are recommended as single measures to control H1N1outbreak at school. The combination of VP70+S1w can achieve very good control for school outbreak.
Ieee Transactions on Communications, Accepted for Publication 1 Ldpc Decoders with Informed Dynamic Scheduling

—Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are usually decoded by running an iterative belief-propagation (BP), or message-passing, algorithm over the factor graph of the code. The traditional message-passing scheduling, called flooding, consists of updating all the variable nodes in the graph, using the same pre-update information, followed by updating all the check nodes of the graph, again, using the same pre-update information. Recently, several studies show that sequential scheduling, in which messages are generated using the latest available information , significantly improves the convergence speed in terms of number of iterations. Sequential scheduling introduces the problem of finding the best sequence of message updates. We propose Informed Dynamic Scheduling (IDS) strategies that select the message-passing schedule according to the observed rate of change of the messages. In general, IDS strategies require computation to select the message to update but converge in fewer message updates because they focus on the part of the graph that has not converged. Moreover, IDS yields a lower error-rate performance than either flooding or sequential scheduling because IDS strategies overcome traditional trapping-set errors. This paper presents IDS strategies that address several issues including performance for short-blocklength codes, complexity, and implementability.
Incidence of Legionella and heterotrophic bacteria in household rainwater tanks in Azumino, Nagano prefecture, Japan

Many administrative agencies in Japan are encouraging installation of household rainwater‐storage tanks for more effective use of natural rainwater. Water samples were collected periodically from 43 rainwater tanks from 40 households and tested for the presence of Legionella species and the extent of heterotrophic bacteria in Azumino city, Nagano prefecture, Japan. PCR assays indicated the presence of Legionella spp. in 12 (30%) of the 43 tank water samples. Attempts were made to identify correlations between PCR positive samples, topography, pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), atmospheric temperature and the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria. Between June and October, 2012, the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria in rainwater tanks and the values of COD positively correlated with the presence of Legionella species. In most of the Legionella‐positive cases, heterotrophic bacterial cell counts were >104 CFU/mL. Moreover, Legionella species were less frequently detected when the COD value was >5 mg KMnO4/L. Therefore, at least in Azumino, Japan between June and October 2012, both heterotrophic bacterial counts and COD values may be considered index parameters for the presence of Legionella cells in rainwater tanks. Much more accumulation of such data is needed to verify the accuracy of these findings.
Novel Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes with Prolonged Circulation Time

Hyperthermia increases the efficiency of various chemotherapeutic drugs and is administered as an adjunct to chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer patients. The temperature-dependent effect can be strongly increased by the use of temperature-sensitive liposomes in combination with regional hyperthermia, which specifically releases the entrapped drug in the heated tumor tissue. The novel lipid 1.2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglyceroglycerol (DPPGOG), which is closely related to the naturally occurring 1.2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, in combination with 1.2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1.2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine provides long-circulating temperature-sensitive liposomes with favorable properties under mildly hyperthermic conditions (41–42°C). DPPGOG facilitates temperature-triggered drug release from these liposomes (diameter, 175 nm) and leads to a substantially prolonged plasma half-life for the encapsulated drug with t1/2 = 9.6 h in hamsters and t1/2 = 5.0 h in rats. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of amelanotic melanoma grown in the transparent dorsal skin fold chamber of hamsters demonstrated a favorable drug accumulation in heated tissue after i.v. application of these liposomes (42°C for 1 h). The mean area under the curve for tissue drug concentration was increased by more than sixfold by application of the new liposomes compared with nonliposomal drug delivery. In summary, we present a new DPPGOG-based liposomal formulation enabling long circulation time combined with fast and efficient drug release under mild hyperthermia. This adds positively to the results with lipid-grafted polyethylenglycol used thus far in temperaturesensitive liposomes and widens the possibilities for clinical applications.
The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change

People spontaneously evaluate things. We form opinions on topics such as war and climate change, on other people such as our work colleagues and celebrities, and on behaviours such as sexual activity and waste recycling. At times, these attitudes can be the focus of bitter debate, and as humans we naturally crave to understand attitudes and how to change them. In four sections and 11 chapters, Greg Maio and Geoffrey Haddock describe how scientific methods have been used to better understand attitudes and how they change. The first section looks at what attitudes are and why they are important. The second section examines the ability of attitudes to predict behaviour. From there, the authors consider how attitudes are formed and changed. Finally, they present a variety of major issues for understanding internal (such as, neurological) and external (such as, culture) influences on attitude, along with unresolved questions. With the aid of a few helpful metaphors, the text provides readers with a grasp of the fundamental concepts for understanding attitudes and an appreciation of the scientific challenges that lie ahead. The Psychology of Attitudes and Attitude Change is for students in psychology, health psychology, communication, business and political science. It is a core text for courses in the psychology of attitudes, persuasion, and social influence and a key resource for modules in social cognition and introductory social psychology.
Why do Users Tag? Detecting Users' Motivation for Tagging in Social Tagging Systems

While recent progress has been achieved in understanding the structure and dynamics of social tagging systems, we know little about the underlying user motivations for tagging, and how they influence resulting folksonomies and tags. This paper addresses three issues related to this question: 1. ) What motivates users to tag resources, and in what ways is user motivation amenable to quantitative analysis? 2. ) Does users' motivation for tagging vary within and across social tagging systems, and if so how? and 3. ) How does variability in user motivation influence resulting tags and folksonomies? In this paper, we present measures to detect whether a tagger is primarily motivated by categorizing or describing resources, and apply the measures to datasets from 8 different tagging systems. Our results show that a) users' motivation for tagging varies not only across, but also within tagging systems, and that b) tag agreement among users who are motivated by categorizing resources is significantly lower than among users who are motivated by describing resources. Our findings are relevant for (i) the development of tag recommenders, (ii) the analysis of tag semantics and (iii) the design of search algorithms for social tagging systems.
Dictator games in the lab and in nature: External validity tested and investigated in Ugandan primary schools

This paper tests the external validity of a simple Dictator Game as a laboratory analogue for a naturally occurring policy-relevant decision-making context. In Uganda, where teacher absenteeism is a problem, primary school teachers’ allocations to parents in a Dictator Game are positively but weakly correlated with their time allocations to teaching and, so, negatively correlated with their absenteeism. Guided by a simple theoretical model, we find that the correlation can be improved by allowing for (a) variations in behavioural reference points across teachers and schools and (b) the positive effect if some School Management Committees on teacher attendance.
An Empirical Approach to Detection of Topic Bubbles in Tweets

As Twitter usage increases worldwide, it becomes an important part of the big data ecosystem. People from across the globe tweeting and retweeting a large number of tweets instantaneously results in exponential growth of the information diffusion. This in turn can cause information bubbles. As data from Twitter and other microblogs are used in predictive analytics in many areas such as stock price prediction, varied interpretations of tweets would be necessary for adaptive diffusion analysis. This research is based on the fact that diffusion of information in Twitter has contributed to predictive analytics in other fields. Our research is concerned with the volume and velocity aspects of big data. We propose a new diffusion model for "topics" in twitter data. For the sake of simplicity, we assume (without providing formal reasoning) that all properties such as user interest, user familiarity, user curiosity, etc. affecting information diffusion are encoded in the tweet/retweet itself. We suggest a concept of potential for topics and build a time series for analysis. The definition of potential and time series allows to model different scenarios in information diffusion contributed by both volume and velocity of data (tweets). We also introduce the idea of bubble in information diffusion and propose a method to detect bubbles.
Notions of Anonymous Existence in Martin-Löf Type Theory

As the groupoid model of Hofmann and Streicher proves, identity proofs in intensional Martin-L\"of type theory cannot generally be shown to be unique. Inspired by a theorem by Hedberg, we give some simple characterizations of types that do have unique identity proofs. A key ingredient in these constructions are weakly constant endofunctions on identity types. We study such endofunctions on arbitrary types and show that they always factor through a propositional type, the truncated or squashed domain. Such a factorization is impossible for weakly constant functions in general (a result by Shulman), but we present several non-trivial cases in which it can be done. Based on these results, we define a new notion of anonymous existence in type theory and compare different forms of existence carefully. In addition, we show possibly surprising consequences of the judgmental computation rule of the truncation, in particular in the context of homotopy type theory. All the results have been formalized and verified in the dependently typed programming language Agda.
Comment peut-on voir le monde depuis son appartement ? Un cadre d'analyse liant structure de propriété, comportements stratégiques, orientations temporelles du dirigeant et de la Moyenne Entreprise

An abductive approach and qualitative data were first of all used to create an analytical framework encompassing the ownership structure, strategic behaviour and time perspectives of the CEO and the medium-sized enterprise. Conflicts between the CEO's different time perspectives were then identified. Several previous studies have emphasised aspects of this framework, such as the formal independence of current ownership structure as well as the failure of strategic analysis to fully take into account the impact of time on individuals and groups. The medium-sized enterprise's low level of development was deemed ideal in order to seek to bridge this theoretical gap. It was therefore necessary to find out how ownership structure influences the strategic behaviour and time perspectives of the CEO and the medium-sized enterprise. This research question hinges on the conflict between the CEO's time perspectives: the short-term or proxemic future (the apartment) versus the long-term or distant future (the world). Findings from four case studies showed the influence of certain variables (i.e. the board of directors, synergy, family and personal factors during the transfer period, uncertainty, the importance of investment and people) on forecasting, innovation, reporting, the CEO's time perspective, the company's strategic time perspective, finances and human resource management. The results also showed that since CEOs are forced to be future-oriented while experiencing uncertainty on a day-to-day basis, they become resigned towards life, which makes it difficult to develop any long-term strategy. Finally, some recommendations to CEOs and possible avenues for future research were suggested.
Una aproximación al análisis de redes egocéntricas de colaboración interinstitucional

Is it possible to establish the influence network of institutions involved in scientific production? Do you share the nodes of the influence network sectorial characterics? What is the advantage to deepen on egocentric collaborative networks with coauthorship data? These three research questions have been those that have guided the development of this article and to answer the first part of the paper analyzes the phenomenon of collaboration as measured by coauthorship are discussed in which one or what are the contributions of network analysis egocentric done before a complete social network analysis. We propose the use of egocentric networks for a better understanding of scientific collaboration and the influence network among institutions with scientific coauthorship in Chemistry area in Spain.