Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re-engineering the Wheatstone stereoscope

Therapeutic applications using virtual reality (VR) can deliver excellent outcomes in treating phobias1, 2 and show great promise in cases of post-traumatic stress disorder.3 VR analgesia has reduced subjective pain ratings of burn victims undergoing excruciating wound-care procedures by 30–90%. 4 And functional magnetic resonance imaging scans have shown that pain-related brain activity levels in healthy individuals drop by 50–90%. 5 In both these modalities, immersion is identified as a key factor.6, 7 However, head-mounted displays (HMDs) that even marginally match the capabilities of the human visual system remain extremely expensive. Stereoscopes may provide an excellent compromise at a fraction of the cost of wide field-ofview (FOV) HMDs. Progress in developing the requisite technologies—primarily high-resolution microdisplays—has been slow, and they have proved difficult to interface. Various near-eye optical systems work well for low FOV but rise rapidly in cost, complexity, and size with higher applications. This contrasts markedly with direct-view LCD displays, now commonly available in resolutions beyond high-definition television while costing less than $600. The major limitation with LCD is the 60Hz refresh rate such that two displays are required for stereoscopic use. The issue then becomes how to deploy them so that each display is viewed by only one eye. This can be accomplished with a polarizing beamsplitter,8 but also by optimizing a 150-year-old invention known as theWheatstone stereoscope. Work has been done with these scopes using cathode ray tubes,9–11 but large LCD panels offer a unique opportunity to optimize performance.12 The Wheatstone stereoscope employs two mirrors whose reflections form an overlapped image at an angle, as shown in Figure 1. Optionally, the images can be viewed through a magnifier (such as reading glasses) for greater comfort. Glasses, which also Figure 1. The Wheatstone stereoscope.
A Comparative Study of Two Transition Zone Models in Heat Transfer Predictions

A comparative study of two transition zone models was carried out to assess their ability to simulate boundary layer laminar-turbulent transition. Transition modeling is based on the use of an algebraic equation for the intermittency distribution. The crucial difference between the models lies in the nondimensional breakdown rate formulation. A two-dimensional marching code was used to combine these models with the modified Johnson and King turbulence model and the algebraic nonturbulence model developed earlier. Flat plate and various turbine blade heat transfer measurements were used in the comparison. One model gave reasonably accurate results for most of the test cases considered.
Emission-line properties of optically and radio-selected complete quasar samples

Spectrophotometry of two complete samples of quasars, one obtained from the flat radio spectra of the objects and the other from their optical colors, is presented. It is confirmed that the equivalent widths of the major UV emission lines decrease with increasing continuum luminosity (the Baldwin effect) and that the (Ly-alpha + N V)/C IV and 1909 A/C IV intensity ratios are also luminosity-dependent by virtue of the C IV luminosity dependence. It is shown that the Mg II/C IV intensity ratio and possibly the strengths of the blue Fe II emission features and the FWHM of the 1909 A blend are luminosity-dependent. These results generally support the Mushotzky and Ferland (1984) interpretation of the Baldwin effect in terms of a weak inverse correlation between the continuum luminosity and ionization parameter.
Responses to Salt Stress of the Interspecific Hybrid Solanum insanum × Solanum melongena and Its Parental Species

Soil salinity is becoming one of the most critical problems for agriculture in the current climate change scenario. Growth parameters, such as plant height, root length and fresh weight, and several biochemical stress markers (chlorophylls, total flavonoids and proline), have been determined in young plants of Solanum melongena, its wild relative Solanum insanum, and their interspecific hybrid, grown in the presence of 200 and 400 mM of NaCl, and in adult plants in the long-term presence of 80 mM of NaCl, in order to assess their responses to salt stress. Cultivated eggplant showed a relatively high salt tolerance, compared to most common crops, primarily based on the control of ion transport and osmolyte biosynthesis. S. insanum exhibited some specific responses, such as the salt-induced increase in leaf K+ contents (653.8 μmol g−1 dry weight) compared to S. melongena (403 μmol g−1 dry weight) at 400 mM of NaCl. Although there were no substantial differences in growth in the presence of salt, biochemical evidence of a better response to salt stress of the wild relative was detected, such as a higher proline content. The hybrid showed higher tolerance than either of the parents with better growth parameters, such as plant height increment (7.3 cm) and fresh weight (240.4% root fresh weight and 113.3% shoot fresh weight) at intermediate levels of salt stress. For most biochemical variables, the hybrid showed an intermediate behaviour between the two parent species, but for proline it was closer to S. insanum (ca. 2200 μmol g−1 dry weight at 200 mM NaCl). These results show the possibility of developing new salt tolerance varieties in eggplant by introducing genes from S. insanum.
Instabilities of a Finitely Deformed Fiber-Reinforced Elastic Material

The instabilities of a finitely deformed Blatz-Ko material reinforced with fibers in a single direction (an anisotropic, nonlinearly elastic material) are examined. The loading is one of plane strain uniaxial stress with the load axis being inclined with respect to the fiber direction. In general one finds a critical applied stress (or stretch) at which surface instabilities of the body occur. This is then followed by a shear band-type instability. For a certain range of fiber orientations these instabilites appear a maximum stress level has been reached. It has also been found that when the fiber direction approaches the loading axis, the material is stabilized in tension but destabilized in compression.
Hybrid Inverter-Based Fully Differential Operational Transconductance Amplifiers

Inverter-based Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs) are versatile and friendly scalable analog circuit blocks. Especially for the new CMOS technological nodes, several recent applications have been extensively using them, ranging from Analog Front End (AFE) to analog-to-digital converters (ADC). This work tracks down the current advances in inverter-based OTAs design, comparing their basic fully differential structures, such as Nauta (N), Barthelemy (B), Vieru (V) and Mafredini (M) ones, and, in addition, mixing them up to propose new fully differential single-ended and two-stage hybrid versions. The new herein-proposed fully differential hybrid OTAs are the composition of Barthelemy/Nauta (B/N), Barthelemy/Manfredini (B/M), Nauta/Vieru (N/V), and Manfredini/Vieru (M/V) OTAs. All OTAs were designed using the same Global Foundries 180 nm open-source PDK and their performances are compared for post-layout simulations.
Investigation of Earthquake Deformation Detectability using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Data

Historically, the Kyrgyz Republic and neighboring countries have experienced numerous strong earthquakes. Our research focused on the investigation of surface deformations caused by 5 earthquake events which had occurred during 2014-2017. A Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique was applied for the Sentinel-1 Interferometric data acquired before and after earthquake events. The pairs of images were processed using the SNAP software to produce a coseismic interferogram, coherence and displacement maps.
Nurse, Give Me the News! Understanding Support for and Opposition to a COVID-19 Health Screening System

Helping the sick and protecting the vulnerable has long been the credo of the health profession. In response to the coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19 pandemic), hospitals and healthcare institutions have rapidly employed public health measures to mitigate patient and staff infection. This paper investigates staff and visitor responses to the COVID-19 eGate health screening system; a self-service technology (SST) which aims to protect health care workers and facilities from COVID-19. Our study evaluates the in situ deployment of the eGate, and employs a System Usability Scale (SUS) and questionnaire (n = 220) to understand staff and visitor’s acceptance of the eGate. In detailing the themes relevant to those who advocate for the system and those who oppose it, we contribute towards a more detailed understanding of the use and non-use of health-screening SSTs. We conclude with a series of considerations for the design of future interactive screening systems within hospitals.
The Limit of SiC Detector Energy Resolution in Ion Spectometry

A full modeling of deceleration of α-particles in SiC is carried out using a Monte-Carlo method. The distribution of energy losses in nuclear elastic collisions is calculated. The spectrum has a characteristic asymmetric form and the line width at half peak maximum is 4.62 keV. The final form of a spectral line is obtained by convolution with a Gaussian peak, and including the contribution of ionization fluctuations and noise. The resulting value of the line width was 8.75 keV (at a noise dispersion of detector and equipment of 1.7 keV). The resolution of detectors reached in practice is twice the lowest calculated value. It is shown that charge losses during transport of nonequilibrium carriers through the volume of the detector are insignificant, while a resolution divergence may result from a non-optimized “entrance window”.
The Implications of Health Disparities: A COVID-19 Risk Assessment of the Hispanic Community in El Paso

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Latinos have suffered from disproportionately high rates of hospitalization and death related to the virus. Health disparities based on race and ethnicity are directly associated with heightened mortality and burden of illness and act as underlying causes for the staggering impacts of COVID-19 in Latin communities in the United States. This is especially true in the city of El Paso, Texas, where over 82% of the population is Hispanic. To ascertain the level of danger that COVID-19 poses in El Paso, we constructed a point-in-time risk assessment of its Latin population and assessed a Latin individual’s likelihood of hospitalization or death related to COVID-19 by comparing relevant health profiles with high-risk co-morbidities that the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) identified in 2020. Data for this risk assessment come from 1152 surveys conducted in El Paso. The assessment included comprehensive demographic, socioeconomic, and health data to analyze disparities across Hispanic sub-populations in the city. Results revealed that around 49.3% of Hispanics in the study had been previously diagnosed with a high-risk co-morbidity and therefore have an increased likelihood of hospitalization or death related to COVID-19. Additional factors that led to increased risk included low income, homelessness, lack of U.S. citizenship, and being insured. The findings from this study additionally demonstrate that structural inequality in the U.S. must be addressed, and preventive measures must be taken at local and state levels to decrease the mortality of pandemics. Baseline population health data can help with both of these goals.
The Lanczos Biorthogonalization Algorithm and Other Oblique Projection Methods for Solving Large Unsymmetric Systems

Many powerful methods for solving systems of equations can be regarded as projection methods. Most of the projection methods known for solving linear systems are orthogonal projection methods but little attention has been given to the class of nonorthogonal (or oblique) projection methods, which is particularly attractive for large nonsymmetric systems. The purpose of the paper is to present some methods in the general setting of oblique projection methods and to give some theoretical results. Some experiments comparing the various algorithms are reported.
Mathematical analysis of some new Reynolds‐rod elastohydrodynamic models

In this paper, some new elastohydrodynamic Reynolds‐rod models are posed to obtain the existence of solution (the lubricant pressure and the elastic rod displacement). More precisely, a sign restriction on fluid pressure for cavitation modelling and different unilateral conditions on the rod displacement associated with a rigid structure coating are formulated in terms of coupled variational inequalities. The particular hinged or clamped boundary conditions on the rod displacement require different techniques to prove the existence of solution. Besides nearly linear coupled problems, two non‐linear rod problems including curvature effects are analysed. Mainly, regularity results and L∞ estimates for the solution of variational inequalities and fixed‐point theorems lead to the existence results for the various coupled models. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The growth of duration-limited wind waves

Laboratory measurements have been made of the one-dimensional spectra of the duration-limited wind waves which are generated when a wind abruptly begins to blow over a water surface, maintaining a constant speed during the succeeding period of time. The duration dependences of the wave energy E and the spectral peak frequency fm determined from the measured spectra are slightly different from those inferred from the fetch dependences of these quantities. The normalized spectra of the duration-limited wind waves are also slightly different from those of fetch-limited wind waves: the concentration of the normalized spectral energy near the spectral peak frequency is smaller, in many cases, for the duration-limited wind waves than for fetch-limited wind waves. The exponential growth rates β of the duration-limited wind-wave spectra are generally larger than those of fetch-limited wind-wave spectra. Furthermore, both for the duration-limited wind waves and for fetch-limited wind waves the exponential growth rate has a behaviour which is different from the empirical formula of Snyder & Cox (1966). A new empirical formula for the growth rate of the wave spectrum is proposed, from which the empirical formula of Snyder & Cox (1966) can be derived as a special case. Agreement between the new empirical formula and the experimental results is satisfactory for fetch-limited wave spectra, but is confined to the qualitative features for the duration-limited wave spectra.
A camera for electron diffraction

The apparatus described in this paper, which will be called for shortness an electron camera, is intended to study the diffraction patterns formed by the reflection of cathode rays from crystalline surfaces. It differs from the original apparatus used by Davisson and Germer for this purpose in that the method of detection is photographic instead of electrical, and that the energy of the electrons is much greater, being at least 6000 volts (more usually 30,000) instead of about 300. In consequence of the much greater penetrating power of these fast rays it is not necessary to use an elaborate vacuum technique. The principle of the apparatus is that a narrow beam of cathode rays generated in a gas-filled discharge tube is selected by passing through two fine pin-holes and then strikes the crystalline target, where it is diffracted into divergent beams which ultimately strike a photographic plate.
Antileishmanial Activity of Clinanthus milagroanthus S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) Collected in Peru

Leishmaniasis is a worldwide infectious parasitic disease caused by different species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to animals and humans through the bite of insects of the Psychodidae family. In the present work, the antileishmanial activity of an alkaloid extract of the bulbs of Clinanthus milagroanthus S. Leiva & Meerow (Amaryllidaceae) was evaluated in vitro, in vivo, and in silico against the parasite Leishmania braziliensis, and the chemical profile of the sample was determined by GC-MS analysis. At concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg·mL−1, the alkaloid extract presented inhibition percentages of 8.7%, 23.1%, and 98.8%, respectively, against L. braziliensis with a p < 0.05, and IC50 values of 18.5 ± 0.3 µg·mL−1. Furthermore, at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg−1, a greater decrease in lesion size was observed (90%) for in vivo assays, as well as a decrease in infection (96%), finding no significant differences (p > 0.05) in comparison with amphotericin B (92% and 98%, respectively). Eleven alkaloids were identified in C. milagroanthus bulbs: galanthamine, vittatine/crinine, 8-O-demethylmaritidine, anhydrolycorine, 11,12-dehydroanhydrolycorine, hippamine, lycorine, 2-hydroxyanhydrolycorine, 7-hydroxyclivonine, 2α-hydroxyhomolycorine, and 7-hydroxyclivonine isomer. A molecular model of Leishmania braziliensis trypanothione reductase (TRLb) was built using computational experiments to evaluate in silico the potential of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid identified in C. milagroanthus toward this enzyme. The structures galanthamine, 7-hydroxyclivonine isomer, and crinine showed better estimated free energy of binding than the reference compound, amphotericin B. In conclusion, this is the first in vitro, in vivo, and in silico report about the antileishmanial potential and alkaloid profiling of the extract of C. milagroanthus bulbs, which could become an interesting source of bioactive molecules.
Collaborative Learning Classification Model for PCBs Defect Detection Against Image and Label Uncertainty

Surface defect detection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is a critical stage in ensuring product quality on production lines in electronics manufacturing. The excellent performance of defect detection methods using deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and autoencoders is limited by image uncertainty under uneven ambient light or unstable transmission channels and label uncertainty due to human perception errors or lack of expert knowledge. To overcome these difficulties, a novel collaborative learning classification model is proposed for surface defect detection on PCBs. An auxiliary inference model is designed to deal with label uncertainty. Then, a symmetric residual filter is set up based on a multiscale symmetric convolutional network to remove image uncertainty in the dataset. At the same time, knowledge-transfer-based probabilistic classification is used to improve the efficiency and performance of the model in different defect detection. Furthermore, a cooperative joint probabilistic inference engine is used to improve the efficiency of the model effectively. Results on both public datasets and self-collected datasets show that the proposed model achieves excellent performance on various quantitative metrics and is suitable for defect detection on datasets collected in complex industrial environments.
Combined Application of Tacrolimus with Cyproconazole, Hymexazol and Novel {2-(3-R-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl}amines as Antifungals: In Vitro Growth Inhibition and In Silico Molecular Docking Analysis to Fungal Chitin Deacetylase

Agents with antifungal activity play a vital role as therapeutics in health care, as do fungicides in agriculture. Effectiveness, toxicological profile, and eco-friendliness are among the properties used to select suitable substances. Furthermore, a steady supply of new agents with different modes of action is required to counter the well-known potential of human and phyto-pathogenic fungi to develop resistance against established antifungals. Here, we use an in vitro growth assay to investigate the activity of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus in combination with the commercial fungicides cyproconazole and hymexazol, as well as with two earlier reported novel {2-(3-R-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)phenyl}amines, against the fungi Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum higginsianum, Fusarium oxysporum and the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, which are notoriously harmful in agriculture. When tacrolimus was added in a concentration range from 0.25 to 25 mg/L to the tested antifungals (at a fixed concentration of 25 or 50 mg/L), the inhibitory activities were distinctly enhanced. Molecular docking calculations revealed triazole derivative 5, (2-(3-adamantan-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-4-chloroaniline), as a potent inhibitor of chitin deacetylases (CDA) of Aspergillus nidulans and A. niger (AnCDA and AngCDA, respectively), which was stronger than the previously reported polyoxorin D, J075-4187, and chitotriose. The results are discussed in the context of potential synergism and molecular mode of action.
Avadomide monotherapy in relapsed/refractory DLBCL: Safety, efficacy, and a predictive gene classifier.

Treatment options for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL) are limited with no standard of care; prognosis is poor, with 4- to 6-month median survival. Avadomide (CC-122) is a cereblon-modulating agent with immunomodulatory and direct antitumor activities. This phase 1 dose expansion study assessed safety and clinical activity of avadomide monotherapy in patients with R/R de novo DLBCL and transformed lymphoma. Additionally, a novel gene expression classifier, which identifies tumors with a high immune cell infiltration, was shown to enrich for response to avadomide in R/R DLBCL. Ninety-seven patients with R/R DLBCL, including 12 transformed lymphoma, received 3 to 5 mg of avadomide administered on continuous or intermittent schedules until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or withdrawal. Eighty-two patients (85%) experienced ≥1 grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs), most commonly neutropenia (51%), infections (24%), anemia (12%), and febrile neutropenia (10%). Discontinuations because of AEs occurred in 10% of patients. Introduction of an intermittent 5/7‑day schedule improved tolerability and reduced frequency and severity of neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and infections. Among 84 patients with de novo R/R DLBCL, overall response rate (ORR) was 29%, including 11% complete response (CR). Responses were cell-of-origin-independent. Classifier-positive DLBCL patients (de novo) had an ORR of 44%, median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 6 months, and 16% CR versus an ORR of 19%, mPFS of 1.5 months, and 5% CR in classifier-negative patients (P = .0096). Avadomide is being evaluated in combination with other antilymphoma agents. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials. gov as #NCT01421524.
Reply to Comment on ‘Volatile biomarker in breath predicts lung cancer and pulmonary nodules’

Michael Phillips , Thomas LBauer andHarvey I Pass 1 Menssana Research Inc, 1HorizonRoad, Suite 1415, Fort Lee, NJ 07024,United States of America 2 Department ofMedicine, NewYorkMedical College, Valhalla, NY,United States of America 3 Christiana CareHealth System,Newark, DE (Current Address 19Davis Ave, NeptuneCity, NJ 07753), United States of America 4 NewYorkUniversity LangoneMedical Center, NewYork,NY,United States of America 4 Authors towhomany correspondence should be addressed.
How good is the polarization selection rule for intersubband transitions

Using GaAs based quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) with either GaAs or InGaAs wells, we experimentally investigate the accuracy of the polarization selection rule for conduction band intersubband transitions. We employ a device structure and a light coupling geometry where the parasitic light scattering is negligible. The experiments imply that the selection rule is followed to an accuracy of 0.2% for a 8.1 μm QWIP with GaAs wells; this degrades to 3% for a 4.6 μm QWIP with In0.1Ga0. 9As wells.