Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Nutritional Risk and Its Associated Factors among Elderly Women of Old Age Homes of South Suburban Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

BACKGROUND Different physiological, social and psychological factors contribute to nutritional risk in elderly population. Elderly women residing at old age homes are particularly susceptible. OBJECTIVES To find out psychological and financial factors, if any, associated with malnutrition and risk of malnutrition. METHODS A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 200 residents belonging to > 65 years age group of nine old age homes selected randomly among eighteen old age homes located at south suburban areas of Kolkata from September 2010 to April 2011 using a pre-designed, pilot tested schedule containing Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Intergroup comparison was performed using chi-square test.The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee of All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Kolkata,India. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. RESULTS Among 158 'possibly malnourished' women, 114 (57%) were 'at risk of malnutrition' and 44 (22%) were malnourished according to MNA. Psychological stress was present among 44% of 'at risk of malnutrition' and 56% 'malnourished' population (df=1, x2= 28.852, p<0.001). About 77% of women having moderate depression were 'at risk of malnutrition' whereas 52% of women having severe depression were 'malnourished' (df =2, x2= 23.769, p<0.001). CONCLUSION High proportion of 'at risk malnutrition' and 'malnutrition' associated with presence of psychological stress and different grades of depression were the major areas of concern.
RestPL: Towards a Request-Oriented Policy Language for Arbitrary RESTful APIs

Recently an increasing number of web applications especially cloud computing systems utilize representational state transfer (REST) API to deploy their services for simplicity and clarity. Users can employ the same interface to invoke various applications from the Internet. For security purposes, service providers would control the access to the provided interface through policy enforcement. Yet the access control of REST interfaces lacks a uniform standard regarding the policy language and corresponding enforcement implementation, which brings two limitations: i) Users have to deal with totally different types of policies to accommodate certain systems. ii) Service providers have to design their own platform-specific authorization policy language and the related enforcement mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a REST Policy Language (RestPL) to express the authorization policies especially for REST APIs. RestPL is ensured to be request-oriented, based on our definition of the standard request form. This indicates that a RestPL policy can be automatically generated from an actual request, which helps mitigate a user's pressure during policy designing. Furthermore, we also provide a reference implementation for the enforcement code of RestPL based on regular expressions and deploy it on OpenStack Liberty to demonstrate its feasibility. The experimental results indicate the enforcement overhead of RestPL can be reduced to 80.6% compared with the original policy. In addition, we show that an end-user can also benefit from RestPL for reducing the learning effort by at least 41.6%.
The Minimal Phi Coefficient and the Maximal Phi

THE fact that inequality of means in correlated, dichotomized variables has a marked effect upon the size of phi, the productmoment coefficient of correlation, is well known. The greater the difference in means, the greater the restriction in the size of phi, in terms of possibility of achieving a value approaching 1.0. Some years ago, Ferguson (1911) pointed this out and developed an equation for determining the maximal value phi could achieve with specified marginal means, p i and pi. Some investigators, wishing to malie allowances for the effects of this kind of restriction, not wanting the relative sizes of phi to be determined by variations in means, as in using coefficients of correlation in factor analysis, have resorted to the simple, but questionable, procedure of using the ratio +/+,. ,z aa the index of relationship. The writer has seen no mathematical justification for this procedure. This procedure is even more questionable when the obtained phi is D negative quantity, for in such a situation, the restriction is in the opposite direction, i.e., a bias away from the other extreme of -1.0. It is the purpose of this note not only to point out the error in this operation but also to derive an equation for estimating the minimal value of phi, or the maximal negative value it may achieve, given a certain combination of means. It will be seen that the minimal phi is estimated by a different equation than that for estimating the maximal phi, although similar in form. A similar derivation will be given for the maximal-phi equation, differing from that given by Feryson.
Identification of p130Cas as a Mediator of Focal Adhesion Kinase–promoted Cell Migration

Previously we have demonstrated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-promoted migration on fibronectin (FN) by its overexpression in CHO cells is dependent on FAK autophosphorylation at Y397 and subsequent binding of Src to this site. In this report, we have examined the role of FAK association with Grb2 and p130Cas, two downstream events of the FAK/Src complex that could mediate integrin-stimulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks). We show that a Y925F FAK mutant was able to promote cell migration as efficiently as FAK and that the transfected FAK demonstrated no detectable association with Grb2 in CHO cells. In contrast, cells expressing a FAK P712/715A mutant demonstrated a level of migration comparable to that of control cells. This mutation did not affect FAK kinase activity, autophosphorylation, or Src association but did significantly reduce p130Cas association with FAK. Furthermore, FAK expression in CHO cells increased tyrosine phosphorylation of p130Cas and its subsequent binding to several SH2 domains, which depended on both the p130Cas binding site and the Src binding site. However, we did not detect increased activation of Erks in cells expressing FAK, and the MEK inhibitor PD98059 did not decrease FAK-promoted cell migration. Finally, we show that coexpression of p130Cas further increased cell migration on FN and coexpression of the p130Cas SH3 domain alone functioned as a dominant negative mutant and decreased cell migration. Together, these results demonstrate that p130Cas, but not Grb2, is a mediator of FAK-promoted cell migration and suggest that FAK/ p130Cas complex targets downstream pathways other than Erks in mediating FAK-promoted cell migration.
IL10 promoter polymorphisms are associated with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA).

OBJECTIVES Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a rare, but severe cause of childhood disability. Systemic onset JIA (SoJIA) accounts for approximately 5.8% of all JIA cases and is associated with cytokine dysregulation, including interleukin (IL-)1, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-)α. IL-10 is an immuno-regulatory cytokine, which in part regulates inflammation by controlling inflammatory cytokine expression. Dysregulation in IL-10 expression and certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-10 promoter were shown to be associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases. METHODS Genomic DNA-samples from SoJIA patients from two German Paediatric Rheumatology centres, and healthy controls were analysed for three well defined IL-10 promoter SNPs (-1082G>A, -819C>T, and -592C>A). These SNPs are in tight linkage disequilibrium, and result in three predominant (or 'classical') haplotypes: ATA, ACC, and GCC. ATA and ACC are associated with low and medium, GCC is associated with high IL-10 expression. RESULTS Here, we show a strong association of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms with SoJIA. We demonstrate a significantly increased frequency of low IL-10 expressing -1082A/A alleles, the medium IL-10 expressing ACC haplotype (p=0.01), and an enrichment of the rare GTC haplotype (p<0.001) in patients with SoJIA. Heterozygous -1082G/A alleles (p<0.001), and the GCC haplotype (p<0.001) on one allele protect from developing SoJIA. CONCLUSIONS This suggests a central role of the immuno-regulatory cytokine IL-10 in the pathogenesis of SoJIA.
A novel evolutionary algorithm for nonlinear programming problems

This paper proposes a novel evolutionary algorithm referred to as importance search algorithm (ISA) for constrained nonlinear programming problems, which is initialized with a population of random feasible solutions and searches for the optimal solution by updating generations. The ISA mainly consists of initialization process and iteration process, and the process of iteration is accomplished according to the move of the best particle in the colony. To show the effectiveness of the proposed ISA, we apply it to solve 8 different kinds of nonlinear programming problems, and compare the computational results with those obtained by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) in the literature. The comparison results show that the ISA is efficient to the problems in multiple-dimensional, nonlinear and complex programming problems. Furthermore, three test problems are selected to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ISA from the sensitivity perspective. The numerical experiments show that the ISA is robust to the parameters settings.
Quantum spectrum of three anyons in an oscillator potential.

The low-lying quantum states of three anyons confined in a harmonic-oscillator well are obtained numerically. The interpolation of these states between the limits of noninteracting bosons to noninteracting fermions in the well is established. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the fermionic ground state to an excited Bosonic state, and its overlap with Laughlin-Wu-type correlated states.
Speed adaptation for a robot walking with a human

We have taken steps towards developing a method that enables an interactive humanoid robot to adapt its speed to a walking human that it is moving together with. This is difficult because the human is simultaneously adapting to the robot. From a case study in human-human walking interaction we established a hypothesis about how to read a human's speed preference based on a relationship between humans' walking speed and their relative position in the direction of walking. We conducted two experiments to verify this hypothesis: one with two humans walking together, and one with a human subject walking with a humanoid robot, Robovie-IV. For 11 out of 15 subjects who walked with the robot, the results were consistent with the speed-position relationship of the hypothesis. We also conducted a preferred speed estimation experiment for six of the subjects. All of them were satisfied with one or more of the speeds that our algorithm estimated and four of them answered one of the speeds as the best one if the algorithm was allowed to give three options. In the paper, we also discuss the difficulties and possibilities that we learned from this preliminary trial.
Development and Evaluation of Clustering Techniques for Finding People

Typically in a large organisation much expertise and knowledge is held informally within employees' own memories. When employees leave an organisation many documented links that go through that person are broken and no mechanism is usually available to overcome these broken links. This match making problem is related to the problem of finding potential work partners in a large and distributed organisation. This paper reports a comparative investigation into using standard information retrieval techniques to group employees together based on their webpages. This information can, hopefully, be subsequently used to redirect broken links to people who worked closely with a departed employee or used to highlight people, say indifferent departments, who work on similar topics. The paper reports the design and positive results of an experiment conducted at Riso National Laboratory comparing four different IR searching and clustering approaches using real users' web pages.
Microbial Flora in NSAID-Induced Intestinal Damage: A Role for Antibiotics?

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) complications are well-recognized adverse events associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. However, NSAID-induced damage to the distal GI tract is also common and more frequent than previously recognized. These untoward effects include increased mucosal permeability, mucosal inflammation, anemia and occult blood loss, malabsorption, protein loss, ileal dysfunction, diarrhea, mucosal ulceration, strictures due to diaphragm disease as well as active bleeding and perforation. Studies with selective COX-2 inhibitors have shown that, in the short term, these agents do not increase mucosal permeability and display a reduced by 50% incidence of serious lower GI side effects compared to traditional NSAIDs. However, the long-term use of this therapeutic strategy is limited by the increased risk of serious cardiovascular events, especially in patients with multiple risk factors. Several studies have suggested that intraluminal bacteria play a significant role in the pathogenesis of small-bowel damage induced by NSAIDs and that enterobacterial translocation into the mucosa represents the first step that sets in motion a series of events leading to gross lesion formation. Experimental and clinical investigations indicate that in the short term, antibacterial agents either reduce or abolish NSAID enteropathy. However, potential adverse effects of systemic antimicrobials and the possible occurrence of drug resistance have so far precluded this interesting approach. The availability of poorly absorbed and effective antibiotics, like rifaximin, may represent an attractive alternative to prevent or limit NSAID-associated intestinal damage.
Green video delivery in LTE-based heterogeneous cellular networks

In this paper we present an optimization framework that formalizes the inherent trade-off between the user perceived quality of wireless video, and the energy consumption cost of the network. The former is formulated in the context of the emerging heterogeneous cellular networks (HCN) based on LTE. We also consider users that employ dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH). Our framework quantifies this trade-off carefully, by delving into the details of DASH, the LTE network, and the HCN architecture. The result is a complex problem that is solved in two levels. The master problem is responsible for decisions regarding the the user association and the average power they are allocated. The solution of this problem also entails a decision about the encoding rate of the DASH video segments. The previous decision is used in order to perform resource allocation at a finer level by considering the technical details of LTE that allocates resource blocks and power simultaneously. Numerical results are presented with realistic parameters for the LTE network and the video traffic.
COW SUPPLEMENTATION:GETTING THE BEST BANGFOR YOUR BUCK

The first rule of supplementation is to use supplements only if needed and when they will enhance the nutritional value of the base forage. Protein supplementation can increase the intake and nutritional value of low quality forages. Grain-based energy supplements that are high in starch and low in protein have a negative effect on forage intake and digestibility. To determine the most cost-effective protein supplement, differences in feed price, crude protein content, moisture content, and transportation costs need to be considered.
Brain temperature and hippocampal function

Even though homeothermic animals regulate the body temperature, fluctuations up to 2–3°C may occur during physiological conditions. In many species, including the rat, a similar variation can be measured in the brain temperature. Such changes are expressed throughout the brain with a preserved gradient between the warmer basal and cooler dorsal parts. In spite of these recordable physiological changes, spatial learning is quite robust, in that it occurs at brain temperatures between 30 and 39°C. Even drastic cooling (to below 15°C) fails to affect consolidation or storage of information when the animal is tested after rewarming. The physiological temperature fluctuations have significant consequences for electrophysiological responses in the brain. Various bioelectrical signals are more sensitive during warming, axonal conduction is speeded up, and stimulus‐elicited transmitter release becomes faster and more synchronized. Action potentials have shorter rise and decay times in warm conditions, and the amplitude becomes slightly smaller. Population responses are differently affected by these changes. Dentate field potentials in response to stimulation of perforant‐path fibers appear with shorter latency in warm conditions, and the rate of rise in the field EPSP is increased. Paradoxically, the amplitude of the population spike is reduced. This is due to a combination of reduced amplitude of individual action potentials and reduced efficiency of the summation of groups of action potentials. Due to the large effects of temperature on hippocampal field potentials, it is mandatory that brain temperature changes are monitored and/or controlled whenever such responses are recorded in freely moving and anesthetized animals. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macroalgal Morphogenesis Induced by Waterborne Compounds and Bacteria in Coastal Seawater

Axenic gametes of the marine green macroalga Ulva mutabilis Føyn (Ria Formosa, locus typicus) exhibit abnormal development into slow-growing callus-like colonies with aberrant cell walls. Under laboratory conditions, it was previously demonstrated that all defects in growth and thallus development can be completely abolished when axenic gametes are inoculated with a combination of two specific bacterial strains originally identified as Roseobacter sp. strain MS2 and Cytophaga sp. strain MS6. These bacteria release diffusible morphogenetic compounds (= morphogens), which act similar to cytokinin and auxin. To investigate the ecological relevance of the waterborne bacterial morphogens, seawater samples were collected in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Algarve, Southern Portugal) at 20 sampling sites and tidal pools to assess their morphogenetic effects on the axenic gametes of U. mutabilis. Specifically the survey revealed that sterile-filtered seawater samples can completely recover growth and morphogenesis of U. mutabilis under axenic conditions. Morphogenetic activities of free-living and epiphytic bacteria isolated from the locally very abundant Ulva species (i.e., U. rigida) were screened using a multiwell-based testing system. The most represented genera isolated from U. rigida were Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Sulfitobacter followed by Psychrobacter and Polaribacter. Several naturally occurring bacterial species could emulate MS2 activity (= induction of cell divisions) regardless of taxonomic affiliation, whereas the MS6 activity (= induction of cell differentiation and cell wall formation) was species-specific and is probably a feature of difficult-to-culture bacteria. Interestingly, isolated bacteroidetes such as Algoriphagus sp. and Polaribacter sp. could individually trigger complete Ulva morphogenesis and thus provide a novel mode of action for bacterial-induced algal development. This study also highlights that the accumulation of algal growth factors in a shallow water body separated from the open ocean by barrier islands might have strong implications to, for example, the wide usage of natural coastal seawater in algal (land based) aquacultures of Ulva.
Principles and Current Strategies for Targeting Autophagy for Cancer Treatment

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, intracellular self-defense mechanism in which organelles and proteins are sequestered into autophagic vesicles that are subsequently degraded through fusion with lysosomes. Cells, thereby, prevent the toxic accumulation of damaged or unnecessary components, but also recycle these components to sustain metabolic homoeostasis. Heightened autophagy is a mechanism of resistance for cancer cells faced with metabolic and therapeutic stress, revealing opportunities for exploitation as a therapeutic target in cancer. We summarize recent developments in the field of autophagy and cancer and build upon the results presented at the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) Early Drug Development meeting in March 2010. Herein, we describe our current understanding of the core components of the autophagy machinery and the functional relevance of autophagy within the tumor microenvironment, and we outline how this knowledge has informed preclinical investigations combining the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Finally, we describe ongoing clinical trials involving HCQ as a first generation autophagy inhibitor, as well as strategies for the development of novel, more potent, and specific inhibitors of autophagy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(4); 654–66. ©2011 AACR.
The GIS WallBoard : Interactions with Spatial Information on Large-Scale Displays

Displays of future geographic information systems (GISs) may be the size of an entire wall. This paper explores how such new technology would enable GIS users to work with information systems in completely new ways, by manipulating spatial objects or scenes with their bare hands and querying through gesture, voice, or a combination of the two. The central component of this interaction is the WallBoard, a GIS device whose design is based on the metaphor of an office whiteboard, with tools—both physical, such as markers and erasers, and virtual, such as lenses and measuring devices—that have similar usage capabilities to those tools associated with a regular whiteboard. The WallBoard replaces the look-and-feel of the desktop of today’s personal computers. Unlike smaller-scaled devices where a user performs all interactions from more or less the same position and perspective, the WallBoard allows users to interact from three different spaces: Within arm’s length, users may have physical contact with the objects they are manipulating; within spitting distance they gesture primarily; and within sight of the WallBoard they watch and at times interact with the WallBoard through the use of additional computing devices. Within arm’s length, the WallBoard affords gesture interactions with geographic objects by selecting objects or areas, zooming in and out of a sub-area, panning, and rotating a scene.