Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nature of the Banking Relationship: A Comparison of the Experiences of Male and Female Small Business Ownersi

(CHRISTINE ENNEW AND SALLY MCKECHNIE are with the School of Management and Finance at the University of Nottingham, England, and at the time the paper was written Lauren Read was with the I)epartment of Geography, University of Southampton, England. The purpose of this paper is to shed new light on the issuie of whether banks treat female and mnale small buisiness owners differently, by explorinig the nature of the banking i-elationship from the perspective of two grotips of owner-managers differentiated only bv gender. Being able to identify similarities and differences in the needs anid inotivations of each gender, as well as develop a better understanding of how baniks are perceived, should then enable banks to identify ways in which they may serve their small business owners better. Following a review of the literature, which is predominantly North American- based, this paper goes on to report the findiings of two empirical studies conducted in the UK, which focus on financing conditions and aspects of the overall relationship between the small business an-d the bank manager. The findings suggest that gender based differences in both the provision of finance and the nature of the banking relationship are less substantial than mnight have been expected. There continues to be evidence that some business owners perceive greatei- difficulties in their dealings with theii- bank and perceive themselves as being- subject to discriminatorv behaviour but there is less evidence to suggest that this affects the terms and coniditionIs o)n xNsui h their businesses are finaniced.
An octaguanidine–morpholino oligo conjugate improves muscle function of mdx mice

Introduction: Skeletal muscles of mdx mice lack functional levels of dystrophin due to a mutation in Dmd exon 23. Morpholino antisense oligomers can induce expression of a truncated dystrophin by redirecting splicing to skip processing of exon 23. Methods: We tested whether systemic administration of Vivo‐Morpholino, an octaguanidine delivery moiety–Morpholino conjugate that targets exon 23 (VMO23), restored function to muscles of mdx mice. Results: Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mdx mice were weaker, less powerful, and showed greater functional deficits after eccentric contractions than normal. VMO23 treatment normalized EDL force and power of mdx mice and eliminated their exaggerated sensitivity to eccentric contractions. Diaphragm muscle strips from mdx mice also produced lower‐than‐normal force and power, and these variables were restored to normal, or near‐normal, levels by VMO23 treatment. Conclusion: These results provide a functional basis for continuing development of VMO23 as a treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2011
The Effect of Self–Brand Connection and Self-Construal on Brand Lovers’ Word of Mouth (WOM)

This study examines the impact of self-construal on the relationship between self–brand connection and brand lovers’ positive word of mouth (WOM). Our sample was composed of U.S. and Korean consumers who reflected on hospitality brands that they claim to love. The results demonstrate that the effect of self–brand connection on brand lovers’ positive WOM is stronger for consumers with an independent self-construal compared with those with a more interdependent notion of self. Moreover, we show that emotional attachment is a psychological mechanism explaining the effect of self–brand connection on consumer’s WOM. Our findings have several important managerial implications for hospitality operators.
The Commonality and Character of Off-the-Books Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Deprived and Affluent Urban Neighbourhoods

Until now, few studies have evaluated whether there are geographical variations in the extent and character of off-the-books entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether and how the prevalence and nature of off-the-books entrepreneurship varies across deprived and affluent neighborhoods in an advanced economy. To do this, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 511 households in English affluent and deprived urban neighborhoods, and are reported here. The finding in both communities surveyed is that wholly legitimate enterprises represent just the tip of the iceberg. Beneath the surface in all areas is a large hidden enterprise culture composed of both registered businesses trading off-the-books as well as unregistered wholly off-the-books enterprises. However, the preponderance of both early-stage entrepreneurs as well as the established self-employed to trade off-the-books is greater in deprived than affluent urban communities, as is the tendency for entrepreneurs to operate business on a wholly off-the-books basis, intimating that deprived urban communities are perhaps relatively more enterprising and entrepreneurial than is currently recognized. The paper thus concludes by contending that across all localities, but especially in deprived urban neighborhoods, legitimizing the hidden enterprise culture could be an important but so far untapped means of promoting enterprise and economic development.
The Dynamics of Participation: Modes of Governance and Increasing Participation in Planning

This article examines recent attempts to increase participation in planning. To this end a framework which focuses on the dynamics between the contrasting modes of governance which exist within such reforms is developed to understand and characterise emerging experience. In particular, the tension between participatory and representative modes of governance is highlighted. This framework is used to examine a local case study, Cowley Road Matters, in Oxford, UK. The resulting analysis suggests that a contradictory potential for participation is emerging as these tensions play themselves out on the ground. The article argues that a focus on the dynamics of participation can help move analysis away from dichotomous views on the prospects for participation and can provide a framework for exploring the range of likely outcomes in different places.
Clonal analysis of patterns of growth, stem cell activity, and cell movement during the development and maintenance of the murine corneal epithelium

Patterns of growth and cell movement in the developing and adult corneal epithelium were investigated by analysing clonal patches of LacZ‐expressing cells in chimeric and X‐inactivation mosaic mice. It was found that cell proliferation throughout the basal corneal epithelium during embryogenesis and early postnatal life creates a disordered mosaic pattern of LacZ+ clones that contrasts with patterns of proliferation and striping produced during the later embryonic stages of retinal pigmented epithelium development. The early mosaic pattern in the corneal epithelium is replaced in the first 12 postnatal weeks by an ordered pattern of radial stripes or sectors that reflects migration without mixing of the progeny of clones of limbal stem cells. In contrast to previous assumptions, it was found that maturation of the activity of limbal stem cells and the pattern of migration of their progeny are delayed for several weeks postnatally. No evidence was found for immigration of the progeny of stem cells until the 5th postnatal week. There are approximately 100 clones of limbal stem cells initially, and clones are lost during postnatal life. Our studies provide a new assay for limbal and corneal defects in mutant mice. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Les rendements non monétaires de l'éducation : le cas de la santé

Recent studies have tried to provide rigorous tests of causal effects of education levels on health status. Some of these studies show a significant causal impact of school-leaving age on mortality at later ages: their empirical strategy consists in using exogenous shocks on education levels resulting from changes in compulsory schooling regulations. Data from Insee’s Permanent Demographic Dataset can be used to attempt transposing this strategy to the French case. The two identifying shocks used are the Zay and Berthoin reforms. They have respectively raised the minimum school leaving age to 14 and 16 years. After having detailed the methological framework, we successively implement a non-parametric approach comparing cohorts born immediately before or immediately after the application of reforms, and a parametric two-stage approach using information from a larger part of our sample. None of these approaches confirm results of existing studies. Despite the fact that reforms have significantly increased school leaving ages, and despite the fact that subsequent declines in mortality have been observed, none of these declines appear to be significant. We conclude with a discussion on possible limitations of these two reforms as identifying devices, and make some suggestions for future research.
In Vindication of the Ghosh Model: A Reinterpretation as a Price Model

Ghosh's 'supply-driven' input-output model is a well-known alternative for Leontief's traditional 'demand-driven' input-output model. The Ghosh model calculates changes in gross sectoral outputs for exogenously specified changes in the sectoral inputs of primary factors. Typically, the model is interpreted so as to describe physical output changes as caused by changes in the physical inputs of primary factors. It has been convincingly argued, however, that this interpretation in terms of quantities is implausible. In the present paper it is shown that the supply-driven input-output model becomes plausible, once it is interpreted as a price model. That is, sectoral output values change due to price changes, which are caused by price changes for the primary inputs. Therefore the term Ghosh price model is adopted for the supply-driven model, whereas the demand-driven model is referred to as the Leontief quantity model. Dual to this Leontief quantity model is the standard Leontief price model. It is shown that the results obtained by the two price models are equivalent. Interpreting the supply-driven input-output model as a price model also allows for a meaningful interpretation of the inverse matrix in terms of multipliers. As the dual to the supply-driven (or Ghosh price) model the Ghosh quantity model is derived, which is equivalent to the demand-driven (or Leontief quantity) model.
Characterization and impedance matching of new high sensitive planar Schottky detector diodes

New high sensitive zero-bias Schottky detector diodes with low junction capacitance and differential resistance are characterized by applying DC and S-parameter measurements in W-band. The extracted parameters provide an accurate RF model for circuit simulations to design and realize an impedance matching network at 90 GHz to avoid standing waves in a diode detector as an essential part of high sensitive direct detection receivers.
Olanzapine Augmentation in Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder: A 12-Week, Fixed-Dose, Open-Label Trial

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose olanzapine augmentation in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-resistant panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia. In this 12-week, open-label study, 31 adult outpatients with treatment-resistant PD who had previously failed to respond to SSRI treatment were treated with fixed dose of olanzapine (5 mg/d) in addition to SSRI. Efficacy was assessed using the Panic Attack and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale (PAAAS), the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I). Twenty-six patients completed the trial period with a dropout rate of 16.1%. At week 12, 21 patients were responders (81.8%), and an overall improvement on all rating scales was observed in all patients both with or without agoraphobia. Fifteen patients (57.7%) achieved remission. Olanzapine was well tolerated and the most frequent adverse effects were mild-to-moderate weight gain and drowsiness. No extrapyramidal symptoms were reported. Olanzapine appears to be effective as augmentation strategy in the treatment of SSRI-resistant PD, but study limitations must be considered and placebo-controlled studies are needed.
Towards achieving long-lifespan and self-sustained monitoring of coastal environments

Coastal regions are vital to human beings. However, the marine habitats distributed along the 159,000km U.S. shoreline are subject to increasing stressors from both landside and seaward directions. To better understand these problems, new techniques and methods are needed to build large-scale, long-term, high-resolution, and self-sustained in-situ 3-D coastal monitoring systems. This paper discusses three key techniques: integrated microsensors for low-power and high-resolution monitoring of water quality parameters, biomass-based underwater energy harvesting for self-sustained sensor operation, and power management schemes between renewable energy sources and sensor devices. The synergism of these techniques is able to transform the way in which we observe and understand the sustainability vulnerable coastal environments and the fragile ecosystems they host.
Epidural extension failure in obese women is comparable to that of non‐obese women

Management of labor epidurals in obese women is difficult and extension to surgical anesthesia is not always successful. Our previous retrospective pilot study found epidural extension was more likely to fail in obese women. This study used a prospective cohort to compare the failure rate of epidural extension in obese and non‐obese women and to identify risk factors for extension failure.
The Relationship of Permeability and Permittivity at the Perfect Matching Point of Electromagnetic Wave Absorption for the Absorber Filled by Metallic Magnetic Particles

The electromagnetic wave absorption properties of flake-shaped carbonyl-iron/paraffin composites with various volume concentrations were calculated by the measured complex permeability and permittivity. The complete electromagnetic wave absorption was searched for the volume concentration of 0.125, 0.15 and 0.20 at 5.8, 4, and 3.6 GHz, respectively. The permittivity is much larger than the permeability at the complete absorption frequency points. Based on the origin of the absorbing peaks, the contour map displaying the relationship between the complex permittivity and complex permeability at the perfect matching point was developed. The complex permittivity obtained from the contour map basically agrees with the experimental data for a given complex permeability. Hence, the contour map can be used to design the absorber for obtaining the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN REMITTANCE BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

This paper investigates the role of gender in remittance behavior among migrants using the 2004 Vietnam Migration Survey data. The gender dimension to remittance behavior has not featured strongly in the existing literature and our findings thus contain novel appeal. In addition, we use estimates from both homoscedastic and heteroscedastic tobit models to decompose the raw gender difference in remittances into treatment and endowment components. We find little evidence that gender differences in remittances are attributable to behavioral differences between men and women, and this finding is invariant to whether the homoscedastic or heteroscedastic tobit is used in estimation.
Inequality and the Relative Reliance on Tariffs

In this paper we uncover the existence of a U-shaped relationship between inequality and the relative reliance on tariff revenue, by estimating a cross-sectional regression relating the ratio of the tariff rate over the tax rate to inequality and a set of control variables such as GDP per capita, openness, the degree of democracy, and area dummies. We explain this U-shaped relationship by means of a Ricardian model of trade in vertically differentiated products between a developing country and the (developed) rest of the world. The model generates the U-shaped relationship because the preferences of the political majority (as captured by the median voter model) are shaped not only by the influence of inequality on the desire for redistribution, but also by the influence of inequality on the relative size of the tax base on which income taxes and tariffs are applied.
The Politics of Evidence-Based Decision Making

This chapter argues that evidence-based management is an inherently political project, which risks creating an illusion of rationality, a multilayered façade masking underlying fundamental differences of interpretation, purpose, and power among the various stakeholders situated on both sides of the academicpractitioner/policy divide. To avoid this unfortunate scenario, it needs to accommodate on a more systematic basis the important influence of power and politics in organizational life, rather than downplaying them as it currently does, treating political problems as a minor by-product of an otherwise radical improvement to organizational decision processes. Only then will its advancement accelerate the development of work organizations that are more humane, and more productive, to the benefit of all stakeholders of the modern enterprise.
Dynamic capabilities facilitating innovative strategies in SMEs

In this study we present dynamic capabilities that facilitate innovative strategies (proactive-creativity strategy and growth-risk orientation) in Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Corporate entrepreneurship is seen as the integration of opportunity-seeking and advantage-seeking actions providing new, valuable and unique business concepts. We build upon the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm and in particular elaborate on the accumulation of dynamic capabilities contributing to innovation and growth-oriented strategies. Based on the literature and an explorative study of 235 small- and medium-sized firms, we develop four categories of dynamic capabilities that are critical for the SMEs entrepreneurial position: internal and external reconfiguration and integration capabilities, resource acquisition capability, learning network capabilities and strategic path aligning capabilities. Most of the relations are medium to highly statistical significant for dynamic capabilities relationships with innovative strategies. Thus, the results indicated support for all the hypotheses, except of the relation between path aligning capabilities and the proactive-creativity strategy.
Comparative Evaluation of Safety and Immunogenicity of Two Dosages of an Oral Live Attenuated Human Rotavirus Vaccine

Background: Rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide and is estimated to be responsible for more than 500,000 physician visits, 50,000 hospitalizations and 20 deaths in the United States each year. Objective: To compare the safety and immunogenicity of 2 dosages of a live attenuated oral monovalent G1 human rotavirus (HRV) vaccine in healthy infants. Design/Methods: In this randomized, double blind trial conducted in the United States and Canada, 529 healthy infants 5–15 weeks of age received HRV vaccine containing either 105.2 or 106.4 focus-forming units or placebo. Two doses were administered orally at a 2-month interval concomitantly with routine childhood vaccines. Symptoms of fever, irritability/fussiness, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite and cough/runny nose were solicited for 15 days postvaccination, nonserious adverse events for 43 days postvaccination and serious adverse events throughout the study. Vaccine take was defined as appearance of serum antirotavirus IgA in postimmunization sera at a titer of ≥20 units/mL or vaccine virus shedding in any stool sample collected between the first dose and 2 months after the second dose. Results: No serious adverse events considered related to vaccine were reported. The incidence of solicited symptoms was similar among treatment groups during the 15-day postvaccination surveillance periods. No significant difference in vaccine take after 2 doses (88.0% in high dose group and 81.5% in low dose group) was seen between vaccine groups (P = 0.153). Conclusions: Two doses of either dosage level of HRV vaccine administered concurrently with routine childhood vaccines to healthy infants 5–15 weeks of age were well-tolerated and were highly immunogenic.
Shifting the Burden : Regulatory Responses to Pollution Control

In this paper I address suggestions made by some researchers that environmental regulators respond to firms' voluntary pollution control efforts through more favorable enforcement conditions. From a theoretical perspective, I show that a firm's environmental investment behavior does indeed cause a budget-constrained regulator to divert its enforcement efforts toward other firms. This places firms in a prisoners dilemma whereby each has an incentive to impose increased monitoring costs on the other. In addition, I present some empirical evidence that confirms the model's primary implications. I find that a firm can in fact influence its (and its competitor's) current-year share of environmental enforcement activity by generating less (unregulated) pollution per unit output in previous years.
Financial bootstrapping and social capital: how technology-based start-ups fund innovation

Innovation requires more than technological expertise. It is a time consuming activity requiring access to a range of resources including finance. Yet, innovators involved in start-ups rarely have direct access to significant financial resources. Instead, they turn to a variety of forms of financial bootstrapping. Defined as access to resources not owned or controlled by the individual innovator, bootstrapping involves imaginative and parsimonious strategies for marshalling and gaining control of resources. This paper reports on research into bootstrapping using case studies, drawn from biographies of well-known innovators. The study found that bootstrapping was widespread and innovators showed great ingenuity in obtaining finance without recourse to conventional financial institutions. Not only were ranges of bootstrapping techniques employed, the study also provided valuable insights into the importance of social capital, in the form of networks of friends, colleagues and other contacts, in providing innovators with access to bootstrapping finance.