Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Optical Fiber Acceleration Sensor Based on a V-Shaped Flexure Hinge Structure

This article proposes a novel vibration sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology. The sensor employs a V-shaped flexure hinge structure, which is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to enhance sensitivity for vibration sensing. The proposed design utilizes the V-shaped flexures hinge to focus the acceleration-induced strain, resulting in improved performance for vibration sensitivity. The implementation of the FBG sensor was evaluated through theoretical computations using MATLAB. The simulation software was also used to simulate the proposed structure and assess the parameters affecting its sensing performance. The experimental results of this work sensor demonstrate a sensitivity of 79.46 pm/G and a resonant frequency of 1140 Hz. The sensor’s operating frequency bandwidth was 30–320 Hz, while the temperature influence was measured at 8.5 pm/°C. In addition, the amplitude in the transverse direction was only 3% of the amplitude in the working principle, indicating that the presented sensor has solid lateral immunity. The experimental results were consistent with the simulation findings, demonstrating the presented vibration sensor’s good performance. The given work provides an opportunity to apply the FBG acceleration sensor in the high-dependability detection of low- and medium-frequency vibration signals.
Spectral analysis of normalized sample covariance matrices with large dimension and small sample size.

Sample covariance matrix, which is to give an idea about the statistical interdependence structure of the data, is a fundamental tool in multivariate statistical analysis. Due to rapid development and wide applications in statistics, wireless communication and econometric theory, significant effort has been made to understand the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues of large dimensional sample covariance matrices where the sample size $n$ and the number of variables $p$ are both very large but their ratio roughly tends to a constant. In contrast, this thesis studies the spectral properties of large dimensional sample covariance matrices where the dimension is much larger than the sample size. The pioneer work was done by Bai and Yin (1988) in this direction. Under the assumption $p/n\to\infty$, they showed that the empirical spectral distribution of the large normalized sample covariance matrix $\bbB:=\frac{1}{\sqrt{np}}(\bbX^{T}\bbX-p\bbI_n)$ converges to the semicircle law almost surely, where $\bbX$ is a $p\times n$ random matrix with independent, identically distributed entries. This thesis extends such result in two aspects: In the first part of this work, we prove that the largest eigenvalue of $\bbB$ almost surely tends to 2, which is the right end point of the support of the semicircle law. Indeed, after truncation and normalization of the entries of the matrix $\bbB$, we show that the convergence rate is $o(n^\ell)$ for any $\ell>0$. In the second part of this work, we establish the central limit theorem for the linear spectral statistics of the eigenvalues of $\bbB$ under the existence of the fourth moment of underlying variables. Statistical applications covers the so-called ``very large (or ultra) $p$ and small $n$'' situations. We also explore the application of this result in testing whether a population covariance matrix is an identity matrix or not.
Differences in Anthropometric Parameters of Children in Six European Countries

Background: The databases of children’s anthropometric parameters are often outdated, rarely representative and are not always available at an international level. Objectives: To present children’s anthropometric parameters in six European countries that contributed to the Feel4Diabetes project and find country-specific differences. Design/Setting: The Feel4Diabetes study was performed between 2016 and 2018, targeting children in Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain. The current study presents data from the baseline and the yearly follow-up anthropometric measurements. Subjects: In total, 20,832 measurements of children (48.7% boys) between 6 and 10 years of age were conducted. Main outcome measure: weight, height, BMI. Results: Belgian boys had the lowest body weight and height, while Greek boys had the highest body weight, and Finnish had the highest body height. The highest proportion of overweight (percentile above 85%) and obese boys (percentile above 95%) was in Greece, followed by Hungarian, Spanish, Bulgarian and Finnish boys. In contrast, Belgian boys had the lowest ratio in both categories. Among girls, Greece had the highest; Belgium had the lowest body weight; Finland was the highest in all age categories. The ratio in the overweight range was the highest in Greece, followed by Spanish, Bulgarian and Hungarian girls, who were second in the obese category. Finnish girls had lower and Belgian girls had the lowest ratio in both BMI categories. All the detailed data are presented in tables, and the trends are figures. Conclusions: Our study presents fresh and comparable anthropometric data of children between 6 and 10 years of age in six European countries, supporting the need for appropriate obesity prevention.
Metal Oxide Nanostructures (MONs) as Photocatalysts for Ciprofloxacin Degradation

In recent years, organic pollutants have become a global problem due to their negative impact on human health and the environment. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater, and oxide semiconductor materials have proven to be among the best in this regard. This paper presents the evolution of the development of metal oxide nanostructures (MONs) as photocatalysts for ciprofloxacin degradation. It begins with an overview of the role of these materials in photocatalysis; then, it discusses methods of obtaining them. Then, a detailed review of the most important oxide semiconductors (ZnO, TiO2, CuO, etc.) and alternatives for improving their photocatalytic performance is provided. Finally, a study of the degradation of ciprofloxacin in the presence of oxide semiconductor materials and the main factors affecting photocatalytic degradation is carried out. It is well known that antibiotics (in this case, ciprofloxacin) are toxic and non-biodegradable, which can pose a threat to the environment and human health. Antibiotic residues have several negative impacts, including antibiotic resistance and disruption of photosynthetic processes.
The Global Spread Pattern of Rat Lungworm Based on Mitochondrial Genetics

Eosinophilic meningitis due to rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is a global public health concern. Human cases and outbreaks have occurred in the new endemic areas, including South America and Spain. The growing genetic data of A. cantonensis provides a unique opportunity to explore the global spread pattern of the parasite. Eight more mitochondrial (mt) genomes were sequenced by the present study. The phylogeny of A. cantonensis by Bayesian inference showed six clades (I–VI) determined by network analysis. A total of 554 mt genomes or fragments, which represented 1472 specimens of rat lungworms globally, were used in the present study. We characterized the gene types by mapping a variety of mt gene fragments to the known complete mt genomes. Six more clades (I2, II2, III2, V2, VII and VIII) were determined by network analysis in the phylogenies of cox1 and cytb genes. The global distribution of gene types was visualized. It was found that the haplotype diversity of A. cantonensis in Southeast and East Asia was significantly higher than that in other regions. The majority (78/81) of samples beyond Southeast and East Asia belongs to Clade II. The new world showed a higher diversity of Clade II in contrast with the Pacific. We speculate that rat lungworm was introduced from Southeast Asia rather than the Pacific. Therefore, systematic research should be conducted on rat lungworm at a global level in order to reveal the scenarios of spread.
Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential based on Waste Recovery Factor in Gading and Dukuh Setro Subdistrics, Surabaya

People’s growth and their activities increase waste generation. Therefore, efforts to reduce waste are needed, including community-based reduction efforts. This research is located in Gading and Dukuh Setro sub-districts in Surabaya City. The purpose of this study was to measure the potential for waste reduction and greenhouse gas reduction. Measurement of waste generation, waste composition, and waste density was based on SNI 19-3964-1994. The researcher conducted sampling in low, middle, and high-income areas, covering 83 families. Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated using the LandGEM (U.S. EPA) method based on the waste disposed at landfill, considering the existing reduction conditions and optimal material recovery. Solid waste generation in 2022 per year was 4.695,58 tons. The largest composition of waste consisted of biodegradable waste (37.13%), plastic waste (25.73%), and diapers and sanitary napkins (18.25%). The average density of loose waste was 152.42 kg/m3. The existing reduction had 1.47% waste bank reduction activity and 0.72% composting reduction activity, for a total reduction of 2.19%. The average optimal reduction was 52.7%, whereas the optimal reduction in the waste bank was 17.5%. The optimal composting reduction was 35.2%. Thus, the existing scenario in 2032 obtained reductions from total landfill gas of 725,498 Gg/year, methane of 193,788 Gg/year, carbon dioxide of 531,710 Gg/year, and NMOC of 8,330 Gg/year. Meanwhile, the optimal scenario for 2032 obtained reductions from total landfill gas of 239.067 Gg/year, methane of 63.857 Gg/year, carbon dioxide of 175.209 Gg/year, and NMOC of 0.412 Gg/year
Geosphere Profile of Tritis Cave in Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta as a Tourism Object

The purpose of this study is to describe how the geosphere profile of Tritis cave. This study is very interesting to provide scientific input to the government in developing tourism in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. The study method used is descriptive qualitative method and tends to use analysis. The theoretical basis is used as a basic reference in preparing the study report to match the conditions in the field. In addition, the theoretical basis can also provide an overview of the background of the study as material for discussion. The ability to collect data is an important factor in determining the validation of the study conducted. Data collection in this case is obtained secondarily, namely through documents or literature studies.The results of the study of geospheric phenomena that occur in the Maria Tritis cave are in the form of the main land formation is Karst with specific karst caves formed during the Pleiocene to Pleistocene. The dominant vegetation is teak trees. And the type of soil found around the maria tritis cave is a mediterranean soil type.
Two approaches for realizing traceability in nanoscale dimensional metrology

Abstract. Traceability is a fundamental issue for nanoscale dimensional metrology. The lack of traceability in measurements inhibits the comparison of tools from different manufacturers and limits knowledge about the real size of fabricated features. Two approaches for realizing traceability in nanometrology, referred to as a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach, are presented. Following the top-down approach, for instance, realized using metrological atomic force microscopes, the dimension of nanostructures is derived from the displacement of the scanner, which is directly measured by laser interferometers whose optical frequency is calibrated to an iodine frequency-stabilized laser. Thus, the measurement result is directly traceable with an unbroken chain to the International System of Units—the meter. However, to achieve subnanometer measurement accuracy, which is far smaller than the optical wavelength (632.8 nm in this study), the subdivision of the interference fringe is essential for obtaining desired measurement resolution and accuracy. On the contrary, with the bottom-up approach, the dimension of nanostructures is determined using the silicon crystal lattice as an internal ruler. Due to the small dimension of the crystal lattice constant (e.g., d111=0.313 nm), the bottom-up approach offers measurements with potential highest accuracy. The crystal lattice constant can be traceably calibrated to the meter by, e.g., a combined optical and x-ray interferometer; thus, the traceability of the bottom-up approach is also ensured. The consistency of the two approaches is experimentally confirmed in this paper.
A Wideband Decoupled Monolithic Multielement Dielectric Patch Antenna Array With Steerable Beam

A simple wideband decoupling method for monolithic multielement dielectric patch (DP) antenna (DPA) array is presented in this letter. Thanks to the multimode of the DP resonator, the TM<sub>40</sub> and TE<sub>42</sub> modes, which can be viewed as four TM<sub>10</sub> and four TE<sub>21</sub> modes, are simultaneously excited in the monolithic DPA. The introduction of the air slots etched in the DP not only isolates the <italic>E</italic>-fields of the adjacent 1/4 TM<sub>40</sub> (TM<sub>10</sub>) or 1/4 TE<sub>42</sub> (TE<sub>12</sub>) modes simultaneously but also synchronously tunes the TM<sub>10</sub> and TE<sub>12</sub> modes so that the enhanced bandwidth can be maintained. Thus, the monolithic DPA can be regarded as a 1 × 4 wideband decoupled multielement DPA array for multiple-input–multiple-output application. For demonstration, a 1 × 4 monolithic wideband decoupled DPA array is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna array has the operation bandwidth of 4.92–5.83 GHz (16.9%). Within it, the isolations between the adjacent/nonadjacent elements are both better than 21.5 dB. And then the beam-steering DPA array can support maximum ±46° beam scanning in the <italic>E</italic>-plane.
Assessing the quality of data on international migration flows in Europe: the case of undercounting

Undercounting is a serious data quality issue that can lead to a directional bias in migration statistics. It may be caused by a lack of legal requirements for reporting migration events between and within countries, or difficulties in enforcing such requirements. The main sources of information on undercounting are the metadata accompanying official statistics and expert opinions. However, metadata related to undercounting are very limited. Similarly, expert opinions may be arbitrary, elicited from few experts who might not know all the details of the migration data shared by different countries, or who might not take into account changes in methodologies or definitions, or retrospective updates of the data after censuses. This paper aims to develop a methodological solution for the assessment of undercounting in international migration data, and has three main objectives. First, the paper provides an overview of the available metadata and expert opinions on undercounting in European migration flows. Second, the study proposes a new, data-driven, year-specific, and duration-of-stay-adjusted approach to classifying undercounting that enables scientists, researchers, policymakers, and other users to combine information from various sources. The proposed methodological solution relies on bilateral migration data provided by Eurostat and the UN, as well as migration data provided directly by some national statistical institutes (NSIs), to compare flows, in the same direction reported by a given country with high-quality data reported by another set of countries. The duration-of-stay correction coefficients are calculated by using an optimization model, or are taken from previous migration models. We construct metadata and expert opinion scores and combine them into a single classification of undercounting. Third, the final outcome is a dynamic classification of undercounting for 32 European countries (2002–2019) that is easily accessible and, flexible, and that allows for changes to the underlying assumption via an online Shiny application.Our findings suggest that the highest level of undercounting in migration data are observed in the new EU member states, particularly in Bulgaria, Latvia, and Romania. However, we also show that for certain periods, there have been notable levels of undercounting in many other European countries, including in those countries that are traditionally assumed to maintain reliable population statistics.
COVID-19 Seroprevalence in a Mixed Cohort of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive and Exposed Subjects

Early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was reserved for symptomatic patients. However, many infections were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Positive serologic antibody (Ab) testing is theorized to be a marker of prior infection, allowing for identification of the true burden of the disease and the establishment of links between outbreaks. The objective was to assess serologic testing in subjects after PCR testing and compare seropositivity rates of household vs. non-household close contacts. We identified subjects who were PCR-positive between March 2020 and May 2021. Index cases and close contacts then underwent serologic testing for IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid N-protein. One hundred and thirteen subjects underwent serologic testing with a sensitivity of 65.0%, specificity of 78.9%, positive predictive value of 92.9%, and negative predictive value of 34.9%. Index cases comprised 20.5% of subjects, and 73.9% were seropositive (p = 0.01). Close contacts included 72% household contacts and 28% non-household contacts. One seropositive case had no prior PCR and four were PCR negative. No statistical difference existed in seropositivity between household and non-household contact (53.1% vs. 43.8%, p = 0.4). Testing for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 N-protein may identify previously unrecognized infections in the community. Seropositivity rates of household vs. non-household contacts were not significantly different, and >50% of household contacts were seropositive.
Pliocene–Pleistocene hydrology and pluvial lake during Marine Isotope Stages 5a and 4, Deep Springs Valley, western Great Basin, Inyo County, California

Abstract Deep Springs Valley (DSV) is a hydrologically isolated valley between the White and Inyo mountains that is commonly excluded from regional paleohydrology and paleoclimatology. Previous studies showed that uplift of Deep Springs ridge (informal name) by the Deep Springs fault defeated streams crossing DSV and hydrologically isolated the valley sometime after eruption of the Pleistocene Bishop Tuff (0.772 Ma). Here, we present tephrochronology and clast counts that reaffirms interruption of the Pliocene–Pleistocene hydrology and formation of DSV during the Pleistocene. Paleontology and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dates indicate a freshwater lake inundated Deep Springs Valley from ca. 83–61 ka or during Late Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stages 5a (MIS 5a; ca. 82 ka peak) and 4 (MIS 4; ca. 71–57 ka). The age of pluvial Deep Springs Lake coincides with pluvial lakes in Owens Valley and Columbus Salt Marsh and documents greater effective precipitation in southwestern North America during MIS 5a and MIS 4. In addition, we hypothesize that Deep Springs Lake was a balanced-fill lake that overflowed into Eureka Valley via the Soldier Pass wind gap during MIS 5a and MIS 4. DSV hydrology has implications for dispersal and endemism of the Deep Springs black toad (Anaxyrus exsul).
Radius of curvature measurement for micro-nano components

To acquire the radius of curvature(ROC)for opaque micro-nano components with high precision,a new technology was introduced in the research,according to the digital image with measuring scale of the investigated subject,and ROC was calculated after the contour edge detection and curve fitting based on the least square law.The modified median filtering was presented to pre-process scanning electron microscope(SEM)images of the experimental diamond particle,together with the histogram equalization method.Then,the nonlinear polynomial with high order was used to fit the sampling points on the contour edge of the diamond particle detected by the Canny edge detection operator.Further,the actual ROC of the components was calculated combining with the measuring scale on SEM image.The measuring error analysis shows that the deviation of the actual value using this technology is less than 10%for the diamond particle,and as the magnification rate of SEM,the amount of sampling points on contour line and the order of fitting model are 1 200,80and 20respectively,which indicates a high measuring precision and application value.
Relay-Aided D2D MIMO Scheme (RAS) for Achieving Energy Efficiency in Satellite-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGIN) Schéma D2D MIMO assisté par relais (RAS) pour atteindre l’efficacité énergétique dans les réseaux intégrés satellite-air-sol (SAGIN)

Space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN), as a three-tiered architecture that assimilates satellite systems, aerial, and terrestrial communication networks, has become an intensive research domain in the present era of communications. SAGIN-based communication models are developed to enhance the user’s quality of experience (QoE). Besides providing noteworthy benefits in various applications and services, SAGIN has unprecedented challenges because of its self-organized, unpredictable, and heterogeneous nature. Relaying equipment in SAGIN can be a very low-orbit satellite, a base station (BS), and an unmanned vehicle assisting a pair of mobile users’ communications. Thus, developing a robust device-to-device (D2D) direct and relaying communication model concerning channel distribution is crucial. Based on this concern, this article proposes a relay-aided D2D multiple–input and multiple–output (MIMO) scheme (RAS) for enhancing the optimal energy efficiency (EE) as a function of spectral efficiency (SE). The proposed model derives a relay-based amplify-and-forward (AF) MIMO multihop communication system for implementation. The proposed computations of optimal EE and SE for D2D MIMO show that the approximation provided by a random matrix approximation is constrained to a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range when the optimal SE and EE are derived using Gaussian quadrature and a hypergeometric function.
Treatment of De-Differentiated Liposarcoma in the Era of Immunotherapy

Well-differentiated/de-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS) is one of the most common histologic subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS); however, treatment options remain limited. WDLPS and DDLPS both exhibit the characteristic amplification of chromosome region 12q13-15, which contains the genes CDK4 and MDM2. DDLPS exhibits higher amplification ratios of these two and carries additional genomic lesions, including the amplification of chromosome region 1p32 and chromosome region 6q23, which may explain the more aggressive biology of DDLPS. WDLPS does not respond to systemic chemotherapy and is primarily managed with local therapy, including multiple resections and debulking procedures whenever clinically feasible. In contrast, DDLPS can respond to chemotherapy drugs and drug combinations, including doxorubicin (or doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide), gemcitabine (or gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel), trabectedin, eribulin, and pazopanib. However, the response rate is generally low, and the response duration is usually short. This review highlights the clinical trials with developmental therapeutics that have been completed or are ongoing, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review will also discuss the current landscape in assessing biomarkers for identifying tumors sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.