Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Born and Rytov scattering series and its application in full waveform inversion

Summary A kind of hybrid scattering series combing both Born and Rytov approximations is presented in this paper. It contains a free variable which controls its behavior to continuously vary between the two approximations. The linearized hybrid approximation also has its own valid condition. Like Born or Rytov approximation, the hybrid series can also be applied to full waveform inversion (FWI). The calculation of the Frechet derivatives depends on the approximation chosen to linearly link data and parameter perturbations. We demonstrate this linearized hybrid approximation by simple numerical experiments on a spherical model. The inversion results show that the hybrid approximation achieves less error than either Born or Rytov approximation.
Analysis of IEEE 802.11p-Based Intra-Platoon Message Broadcast Delay in a Platoon of Vehicles

For platooning applications, vehicles in a platoon require timely and reliable delivery of road-safety information in order to maintain the stable operation of the platoon. Intra-platoon message broadcast delay (InPB-delay) is a critical metric that is used to measure the message delivery performance in a platoon of vehicles, where a V2V multi-hop broadcast mode is used for message delivery. In this article, we study the modeling and analyses of the InPB-delay for a platoon of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), which employs an IEEE 802.11p EDCA mechanism for channel access. A 2-D Markov chain model is first built to describe a backoff procedure of a platoon broadcasting node, which takes into account the four access categories of different priorities in the EDCA mechanism. Based on the Markov model, a theoretical performance model is further derived to investigate the impacts of major system parameters on the InPB-delay, taking into account the effects of both platoon vehicles and non-platoon vehicles. The derived performance model is validated through simulation results and the impacts of major system parameters are investigated through numerical results. The InPB-delay model can be used to provide reference values for system parameter settings in order to ensure the stable operation of a platoon.
Etiological Profile and Clinico Epidemiological Patterns of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in Tamil Nadu, India

Introduction: Establishing the etiological cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is challenging due to the distinct distribution of various etiological agents. This study aims to determine the etiological profiles of both viruses and bacteria and their associated clinico-epidemiological features among the AES suspected cases in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Samples of 5136 suspected AES cases from January 2016 to December 2020 (5 years) were subjected to the detection of etiological agents for AES through serological and molecular diagnosis methods. Further, the clinical profile, age- and gender-wise susceptibility of cases, co-infection with other AES etiological agents, and seasonality pattern with respect to various etiological agents were examined. Results: AES positivity was established in 1480 cases (28.82%) among the 5136 suspected cases and the positivity for male and female groups were 57.77% and 42.23%, respectively. The pediatric group was found to be more susceptible than others. Among the etiological agents tested, the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was the predominant followed by Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Varicella Zoster virus, and others. Co-infection with other AES etiological agents was observed in 3.5% of AES-positive cases. Seasonality was observed only for vector-borne diseases such as JEV, dengue virus, and West Nile virus infections in this study. Conclusion: AES was found to be a significant burden for Tamil Nadu with a diverse etiological spectrum including both sporadic and outbreak forms. Overlapping clinical manifestations of AES agents necessitate the development of region-specific diagnostic algorithm with distinct etiological profiles for early detection and effective case management.
Clarification of red araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) juice by membrane process: Analysis of permeate flux and loss of bioactive compounds

Red araçá (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) juice was processed using porous membranes to obtain a clarified product with a high amount of phenolic compounds prior to its use as a juice or other beverage. The variations in the permeate flux and concentrations of phenolics were determined in a cross-flow system using a polyetherimide microfiltration membrane (0.44 µm) and polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane (50 kDa). Both membranes reduced the initial turbidity (445 ± 2) to almost zero, and resulted in a clear and transparent permeate with a yellow colour. The microfiltration membrane showed better performance with the lowest phenolic compound retention (23.6%) and the highest permeate flux (40.6 ± 2 kg/m2h) in batch mode operation. The permeate flux of the microfiltration system showed an initial sharp decrease followed by a gradual decrease, reaching almost 60% lower than the initial permeate flux. The permeate flux resistance was mainly due to the polarised layer (70.2%), and the predominant fouling mechanism was the partial pore blockage, thus indicating that the solids present in the raw juice had size of the same order as the membrane pores.
Vector problem of electromagnetic wave diffraction by a system of inhomogeneous volume bodies, thin screens, and wire antennas

The vector problem of time-harmonic electromagnetic wave diffraction by a system of non-intersecting solid inhomogeneous bodies, infinitely thin perfectly conducting screens and wire antennas in the semi-classical formulation is considered. The original boundary value problem for Maxwell’s equations is reduced to a new system of singular integral equations over the volume domains, the screen surfaces and antennas, that is, over compact domains of dimension 3, 2, and 1. To obtain the equations, the fields scattererd by the bodies and the screens were represented via volume and surface potentials, respectively. To solve the integral equations approximately, the Galerkin method is applied; basis functions on the body, the screens and antennas are introduced as well as formulas for matrix elements in Galerkin method. Combining potential theory and pseudodifferential calculus allowed to obtain results on solvability of new system of integro-differential equations, as well as to theoretically justify the Galerkin method. To solve the problem of diffraction by obstacles of complex shape, novel subhierarchical approach is applied.
Does the Mediterranean Diet Have Any Effect on Lipid Profile, Central Obesity and Liver Enzymes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Subjects? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

The effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) subjects has been evaluated in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the overall effects of MD intervention in a cohort of NAFLD patients targeting specific markers such as central obesity, lipid profile, liver enzymes and fibrosis, and intrahepatic fat (IHF). Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were explored to collect relevant studies from the last 10 years. RCTs with NAFLD subjects were included in this systematic review with a mean intervention duration from 6 weeks to 1 year, and different intervention strategies, mainly including energy restriction MD (normal or low glycaemic index), low-fat MD with increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and increased exercise expenditure. The outcomes measured in this meta-analysis were gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), waist circumference (WC), and liver fibrosis. Ten randomized controlled trials, which involved a total of 737 adults with NAFLD, were included. According to the results, the MD seems to decrease the liver stiffness (kPa) by –0.42 (CI95% –0.92, 0.09) (p = 0.10) and significantly reduce the TC by –0.46 mg/dl (CI95% –0.55, −0.38) (p = 0.001), while no significant findings were documented for liver enzymes and WC among patients with NAFLD. In conclusion, the MD might reduce indirect and direct outcomes linked with NAFLD severity, such as TC, liver fibrosis, and WC, although it is important to consider the variations across trials. Further RCTs are necessary to corroborate the findings obtained and provide further evidence on the role of the MD in the modulation of other disorders related to NAFLD.
Overcoming Obstacles With a Reconfigurable Robot Using Deep Reinforcement Learning Based on a Mechanical Work-Energy Reward Function

This paper presents a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) method based on a mechanical (work) Energy reward function applied to a reconfigurable RSTAR robot to overcome obstacles. The RSTAR is a crawling robot that can reconfigure its shape and shift the location of its center of mass via a sprawl and a four-bar extension mechanism. The DRL was applied in a simulated environment with a physical engine (UNITY $^{\mathrm {TM}}$ ). The robot was trained on a step obstacle and a two-stage narrow passage obstacle composed of a horizontal and a vertical channel. To evaluate the benefits of the proposed Energy reward function, it was compared to time-based and movement-based reward functions. The results showed that the Energy-based reward produced superior results in terms of obstacle height, energy requirements, and time to overcome the obstacle. The Energy-based reward method also converged faster to the solution compared to the other reward methods. The DRL’s results for all the methods (energy, time and movement- based rewards) were superior to the best results produced by the human experts (see attached video).
Automated Framing of Climate Change? The Role of Social Bots in the Twitter Climate Change Discourse During the 2019/2020 Australia Bushfires

Extreme weather-related events like wildfires have been increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change. Public online conversations that reflect on these events as climate emergencies can create awareness and build support for climate action but are also used to spread misinformation and climate change denial. To what extent automated social media accounts—“social bots”—amplify different perspectives of such events and influence climate change discourses, remains unknown, however. We use Twitter and the 2019/2020 Australia bushfires as a case study to explore this issue. Utilizing more than 1 million Tweets, we identify how climate change is framed in the context of those fires, and to what extent social bots affect specific climate change frames, including the spread of misinformation. Our results show that climate change represents a substantial part of online conversations about fires. The bushfires are primarily framed as a climate change issue including its measurable impacts and political perspectives. Climate denial represents a small share of this conversation and receives limited amplification. Social bots seemingly contribute to the climate change conversation, both through frames that support and oppose climate action, and amplify to larger degree frames appealing to emotions, such as sympathy or humor. We also find that Twitter discussions about the role of social bots in spreading climate denial are amplified more than actual climate-critical frames propagated by bots. A complex interplay between social bots, Twitter conversations, and online news media is emerging, which shapes discussions about climate change and wildfires.
Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) in GtoPdb v.2023.1

The 6TM family of K channels comprises the voltage-gated KV subfamilies, the EAG subfamily (which includes hERG channels), the Ca2+-activated Slo subfamily (actually with 7TM, termed BK) and the Ca2+-activated SK subfamily. These channels possess a pore-forming α subunit that comprise tetramers of identical subunits (homomeric) or of different subunits (heteromeric). Heteromeric channels can only be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kv1.1 with Kv1.2; Kv7.2 with Kv7.3). The pharmacology largely reflects the subunit composition of the functional channel.Kv7 channelsKv7.1-Kv7.5 (KCNQ1-5) K+ channels are voltage-gated K+ channels with major roles in neurons, muscle cells and epithelia where they underlie physiologically important K+ currents, such as the neuronal M-current and the cardiac IKs. Genetic deficiencies in all five KCNQ genes result in human excitability disorders, including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, cardiac arrhythmias and deafness. Thanks to the recent knowledge of the structure and function of human KCNQ-encoded proteins, these channels are increasingly used as drug targets for treating diseases [326, 2, 767].
Quasi-biennial modulation of rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones by the western North Pacific monsoon

Previous publications have highlighted the relationship between several climate modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation and tropical cyclones (TCs) experiencing rapid intensification (RI) over the western North Pacific (WNP), particularly on a 3–7-yr timescale. This study investigates the modulation of TCs experiencing RI by the WNP monsoon on biennial timescales. There is a significant positive relationship between rapidly intensifying TC (RITC) frequency over the WNP during July–November from 1980 to 2021 and the simultaneous WNP monsoon index. After classifying different WNP monsoon years on biennial timescales, we find significantly more TCs forming over the key region from 5°–25°N, 140°–160°E during strong WNP monsoon years. Some of these TCs then move westward into the portion of the WNP that climatologically has the most RI-favorable environmental conditions. Alternatively, other TCs forming in the key region move northward and undergo RI quickly after genesis, subsequently leading to an increase in rapidly intensifying WNP TC frequency. The WNP monsoon influences rapidly intensifying TC activity predominantly through modulation of large-scale atmospheric conditions. During strong WNP monsoon years, increased low-to-mid-level humidity, low-level vorticity and upper-level divergence and decreased vertical wind shear all favor TC genesis and RI development over the key region. A strong WNP monsoon is also associated with an anomalous 850-hPa cyclone, an anomalous 200-hPa anticyclone, increased 600-hPa moisture convergence and a decrease in the magnitude of 200-hPa winds over the key region. Our study highlights that the WNP monsoon significantly modulates TC and RITC activity at distinct timescales.
ANTI-DIABETIC STUDY AND ITS QUANTITATIVE REAL-TIME PCR ANALYSIS OF THE INSR GENE IN SILVERNANOPARTICLE EXTRACT OF CHAMAECOSTUS CUSPIDATUS

Manufacturing metal oxide nanoparticles for chemical and biomedical applications is made possible by green synthesis, an eco-friendly approach. This investigation examined how silver nanoparticle leaf extract affected gene expression and its ability to treat diabetes. In this study, the Anti-diabetic study was evaluated by following the Glucose utilization control method. Furthermore, the study continues with Quantitative Real Time-PCR Analysis of the INSR Gene. The analysis's findings showed that, when used as a control, metformin exhibits a glucose percentage of 169.26, whereas silver nanoparticle extracts exhibit a percentage control of 169.53. HepG2 cells treated with AgNPs C.cuspidtus showed upregulated INSR gene expression, going from 1-fold in control cells to 1.51-fold in treated cells. The relative gene expression of the control is typically set to 1 when compared to the sample. The study shows that glucose absorption in AgNPs extract is slightly higher than in methanolic extract. As a result, there is a pressing mandate to protect this species and investigate its biological applications to achieve more significant and worthwhile outcomes.
Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs

Competence development in digital technologies, analytics, and artificial intelligence is increasingly important to all types of organizations and their workforce. Universities and corporations are investing heavily in developing training programs, at all tenure levels, to meet the new skills needs. However, there is a risk that the new set of lucrative opportunities for employees in these tech-heavy fields will be biased against diverse demographic groups like women. Although much research has examined the experiences of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields and occupations, less understood is the extent to which gender stereotypes influence recruiters’ perceptions and evaluations of individuals who are deciding whether to apply to STEM training programs. These behaviors are typically unobserved because they occur prior to the application interface. We address this question by investigating recruiters’ initial outreach decisions to more than 166,000 prospective students who have expressed interest in applying to a midcareer level online tech training program in business analytics. Using data on the recruiters’ communications, our results indicate that recruiters are less likely to initiate contact with female than male prospects and search for additional signals of quality from female prospects before contacting them. We also find evidence that recruiters are more likely to base initial outreach activities on prospect gender when they have higher workloads and limited attention. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this research for our understanding of how screening and selection decisions prior to the application interface may undermine organizational efforts to achieve gender equality and diversity as well as the potential for demand-side interventions to mitigate these gender disparities. Funding: This work was supported by Harvard Business School and MIT Sloan School of Management is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.22. 16499 .
Neighbourhood resolving sets in graphs - I

P.J.Slater [21] in 1975 introduced the concepts of locating sets and locating number in graphs. Subsequently with minor changes in terminology, this concept was elaborately studied by Harary and Melter [14], Chartrand et al [5], Robert C. Brigham et al [19], Chartrand et al [10]and Varaporn Saenpholphat and Ping Zhang [29][30]. Given an k -tuple of vectors,
Damage Detection of Trusses under Dynamic Excitations Using a Modified Tikhonov Regularization

A sensitivity based method for damage detection of structures under dynamic loads is presented with height stability to noise effects. Structural acceleration responses recorded for fault diagnosis is captured by sensors under dynamic loads. Because of the existence of noise in measured data, the purpose is to minimize the effect of the noise on the damage detection using Tikhonov regularization method. To this aim, a new sensitivity based two staged algorithm for damage detection in structures is presented. In the first stage using a regularized version of the forward selection, the structural elements are ordered. In the second stage through hybridizing Newton-Raphson with Tikhonov regularization the damages are finally diagnosed. In order to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present method, two truss structures have been studied. The results indicate that the performance of the proposed algorithm for up to the 10 percent noise level and various number of sensors is very good. Finally, the results represent the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method for damage detection in structures.
Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Its Prevention

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) (formerly known as Campylobacter pyloridis) has been studied for over a century due to its association with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Its prevalence has been declining due to improvements in hygienic conditions and effective curative and preventive approaches. However, it is still present in different communities and continues to spread, increasing its global presence in both developing as well as developed countries. Extensive research has been ongoing to eradicate this pathogen, and at present, scientists have discovered different management options. This article highlights the global prevalence of H. pylori infection and the factors responsible for its transmission, treatment regimens, and prevention.
Some challenges and directions for next generation accretion disc theory

The theory of accretion discs is far less developed than that of stellar evolution, although a similarly mature phenomenological picture is ultimately desired. While conceptual progress from the interplay of theory and numerical simulations has amplified community awareness of the role of magnetic fields in angular momentum transport, there remains a significant gap between the output of magneto-rotational instability (MRI) simulations and the synthesis of lessons learned into improved practical models. If discs are turbulent, then axisymmetric models must be recognized to be sensible only as mean field theories. Such is the case for the wonderfully practical and widely used framework of Shakura-Sunyaev (1973,SS73). This model is most physically justifiable when the radial angular momentum transport dominates in discs and the transport is assumed to take the form of a local viscosity. However, the importance of large scale fields in coronae and jets and numerical evidence from MRI simulations points to a significant fraction of disc transport being non-local, and not captured by a viscosity. We first review how the SS73 viscous closure emerges from a mean field theory and then discuss the reasons the theory must be augmented to include large scale transport. We discuss a number of open opportunities for theory and interpretation of numerical simulations, with the ultimate long term challenge being a mean field accretion theory that also couples to large scale dynamo theory and self-consistently produces coronae and jets. While there has elsewhere been much well-deserved focus toward small scale collisionless plasma processes in the context of transport in low density accretion discs, here we emphasize the importance of large scales as a fundamental frontier. Computational limitations have focused attention toward smaller scales when it comes to transport but hopefully the next generation of global simulations will help inform improved mean field accretion models.