Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma wave observation and sounder experiments (PWS) using the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite ― instrumentation and initial results including discovery of the high altitude equatorial plasma turbulence

Plasma waves and sounder experiments (PWS) onboard the Akebono (EXOS-D) satellite have been successfully made after deployment of antenna and turn-on of the instruments on March 4, 1989. In natural plasma wave observations, the dynamic spectra of the plasma waves in the whole range of the orbits are observed in the PWS frequency range from 20kHz to 5MHz. The results are summarized as follows.i) The upper hybrid emissions that cover a frequency range from the electron cyclotron frequency fC to the upper hybrid frequency fUHR for the case where fC is higher than the local plasma frequency fP, or cover from fP to fUHR for the case of fP>fC, are always observed in the altitude range from 1000km to apogee of the orbit of the satellite. From the global distribution of the upper hybrid frequency emissions, the structures of the plasmasphere are clarified.ii) Auroral kilometric radiations are observed in the region associated with the auroral particle acceleration regions. Polarization and Poynting vectors of AKR are also precisely measured. The data show the possibility of studies on the structure of the acceleration regions in addition to the generation mechanism of AKR. The AKR data that have been obtained in the acceleration region of the auroral particles are especially important, suggesting the possible co-existence of the electrostatic plasma waves with the Z-mode waves.iii) In the equatorial region of the plasmasphere the enhancement of the upper hybrid mode waves is discovered; the enhancement shows two possible plasma turbulences, the first is the enhancement of the microscopic instabilities that are identified only as the enhancements of the intensity of the upper hybrid emissions and called “equatorial enhancement of the wave turbulence (EPWAT)”; and the second is the enhancement of the irregular change of the upper hybrid frequency suggesting the turbulent variation of the plasma density that is called “equatorial enhancement of the density turbulence (EPDET)”. EPWAT's encircle the magnetic equator forming a disc within the altitude range of 1000km to 9000km, while EPDET's encircle the geographic equator within the altitude range of 1000km to 9000km, forming another disc.iv) Sounder experiments of the PWS have also been carried out; the results show the principal resonances such as plasma resonances at fP, upper hybrid resonances at fUHR, and harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency at nfC (n=1, 2, 3, .). The sequence of diffuse plasma resonances fDn with the static plasma wave resonance fQn are also detected even in a high altitude range higher than 3000km. Very long ducted echoes of sounder transmitting pulses have also been detected even at the altitude of 6000km. All these results of the experiments reveal that the PWS/EXOS-D data provide a very promising key for studies of the plasma and plasma waves throughout the entire global ionosphere and plasmasphere, including the regions of auroral particles acceleration.
Bayesian Inference for Stable Distributions

Abstract Very little work on stable distribution parameter estimation and inference appears in the literature due to the nonexistence of the probability density function. This has led in particular to a dearth of Bayesian work in this area. But Bayesian computation via Markov chain Monte Carlo allows us to sample from the distribution of the parameters of the stable distributions, by exploiting a particular mathematical representation involving the stable density.
Performative psychology: An untapped resource for educators

Performative psychology is a relatively new approach that presents exciting possibilities for educational innovation. Based in the belief that we collectively create our lives through performing (simultaneously being who we are and who we are becoming), performative psychology looks at learning and development through a cultural lens. The fact that the human capacity to perform is vastly under-utilised, under-valued and under studied in our culture suggests this as a fruitful area for further study and the development of creative practices. This paper presents a brief overview of key educational and developmental concepts, including a contemporary reworking of the method of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. Next, the practice of one approach within the performative psychology movement is presented – the performance social therapeutic approach developed by Newman and Holzman at the East Side Institute for Short Term Psychotherapy is illustrated through discussion of four programmes carried out in educational settings.
Dynamic polarization mode dispersion compensation in 40 Gb/s RZ optical transmission system

Using the degree of polarization as feedback signal to detect the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) variation in the fiber links, an experiment of dynamic adaptive PMD compensation in 4×10 Gb/s optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) transmission system is reported. The PMD compensator consists of polarization controller and variable delay line with four degrees of freedom. Based on the variable step-size peak search algorithm, the performance of the PMD compensator is assessed in the eye pattern of a received signal. It is shown that the maximum compensated DGD is 25 ps, i.e. one bit period, and the compensation time can be less than 50 ms.
Toward Symptom Assessment Guided Symptom Investigation and Disease Diagnosis

Automatic disease diagnosis has gained immense popularity and demand over the past few years, and it is emerging as an effective diagnostic assistant to doctors. Diagnosis assistants assist clinicians in conducting a thorough symptom investigation and identifying possible diseases. Doctors correctly diagnose patients by observing only a few symptoms in most cases, even though the diagnosed disease has numerous symptoms. Also, some common symptoms, such as fever and headache, usually emerge due to other symptoms, which do not play a major role in identifying suffering diseases. In this work, we investigate the role of symptom importance in disease diagnosis through several feature engineering techniques and propose a novel symptom assessment guided symptom investigation and disease diagnosis (SA-SIDD) assistant using hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL). The proposed SA-SIDD assistant first collects an adequate set of symptoms/sign information through conversing with users and then diagnoses a disease based on the extracted symptoms. We incorporated a symptom assessment module with the diagnosis framework that evaluates the relevance of current inspected symptom at each turn and reinforces the assistant to investigate distinctive and context-aligned symptoms using an assessment critic. The proposed methodology outperforms the state-of-the-art method, HRL, on two publicly available datasets, which firmly establishes the crucial role of symptom importance in disease diagnosis and the need for the proposed symptom assessment incorporated disease diagnosis framework. Furthermore, we have also conducted a human evaluation, revealing that the diagnosis method greatly enhances end-user satisfaction because of context-aligned relevant and minimal symptom investigation.
Squeezing of intracavity and traveling-wave light fields produced in parametric amplification

A general input-output theory for quantum dissipative systems is developed in which it is possible to relate output to input via the internal dynamics of a system. This is applied to the problem of computing the squeezing produced by a degenerate parametric amplifier located inside a cavity. The results for the internal modes are identical with those of Milburn and Walls [Opt. Commun. 39, 401 (1981)]. The output field is also found to have only 50% of maximal squeezing. However, by taking the output for a degenerate parametric amplifier inside a single-ended cavity and feeding this into an empty single-ended cavity, one can produce a maximally squeezed state inside this second cavity.
Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of a miniature plasma source for a microwave discharge ion thruster

We have developed a three-dimensional particle model for a miniature microwave discharge ion thruster to elucidate the mechanism of ECR discharges confined in a small space. The model consists of a particle-in-cell simulation with a Monte Carlo collision algorithm (PIC-MCC) for the kinetics of charged particles, a finite-difference time-domain method for the electromagnetic fields of 4.2 GHz microwaves, and a finite element analysis for the magnetostatic fields of permanent magnets. The PIC-MCC results have shown that the electrons are well confined owing to the mirror magnetic fields and can be effectively heated in the ECR layer downstream of a ring-shaped antenna. The confinement results in the ring-shaped profiles of the plasma density along the antenna. The visual appearance of the plasma discharge of the thruster in operation was also ring-shaped. Moreover, the ions are expected to be accelerated effectively through the grid electrode without a large loss of ions toward side walls, that is, the plasma source developed here would be desirable in ion thrusters.
Improvements to the three-color optical CCD-based pyrometer system

We put forward an improved three-color measurement scheme with a color CCD sensor using the combination of effective wavelengths and blackbody calibrations. The process of effective wavelengths realizes the separation of the emissivity function from the measurement integral equation. This improved method not only effectively avoids errors arising from the traditional process adopting the basic wavelengths, but also simplifies the complex integral calculations. For a blackbody or graybody, the measurement performance of the pyrometer was experimentally investigated from the point of the temperature sensitivity. The results show that narrowing the spectrum bandwidth with different bandpass spectral filters may improve the temperature sensitivities. The spectrum adjustment not only makes the linear emissivity more suitable in the narrower waveband, but also reduces the numerical uncertainty of the effective wavelengths. For nongray objects, the effects of the numerical uncertainty of the effective wavelengths to measurements were quantificationally evaluated at different measurement conditions (different temperatures, emissivities, and spectrums). The results indicate that the reference values of 584, 555, and 511nm or 607, 560, and 506nm of the effective wavelengths are reasonable for the present system with the modified spectral response using Filter 1 or Filter 2. The maximum calculation errors arising from the reference effective wavelengths are less than 1.6%. In this paper, the technical realization steps of the improved method are also described. The measurement experiments of a metal sample in hot environments were carried out to further verify the applicability of this improved CCD-based pyrometer. The results agreed well with the spectrometer-based results.
Time Correlation between Entropy and/or Energy Distributed into Scales by 2D Wavelet in 2D Free-Convective Turbulence

To understand how entropy ( T 2 /2) is cascaded to smaller scales and kinetic energy is transferred to larger scales, temporal evolutions of the entropies and the energies distributed into several scales by 2D wavelet are examined numerically. The correlation coefficient of entropy between adjacent scales has a sharp peak and the delay time giving this peak is scaled as k -2/5 . The direction of energy transfer is not fixed but reverses occasionally between normal and inverse.
Neutron and x-ray diffraction studies of liquids and glasses

The techniques of neutron diffraction and x-ray diffraction, as applied to structural studies of liquids and glasses, are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the explanation and discussion of the experimental techniques and data analysis methods, as illustrated by the results of representative experiments. The disordered, isotropic nature of the structure of liquids and glasses leads to special considerations and certain difficulties when neutron and x-ray diffraction techniques are applied, especially when used in combination on the same system. Recent progress in experimental technique, as well as in data analysis and computer simulation, has motivated the writing of this review.
Narrow-linewidth mode-lock figure-eight nanosecond pulse fiber laser

A new figure-eight mode-lock laser design based on a passive nonlinear loop mirror with a small modulation depth has been proposed. Self-started narrow-linewidth nanosecond-pulse lasers are realized: one is based on polarization-insensitive components (with a polarization controller) and the other is an environmentally stable adjustment-free laser based on polarization-maintaining components. In both cases, the lasers generate rectangular-shaped pulses. The duration of the pulses can be continuously adjusted from sub-nanosecond to more than tens of nanoseconds by simply changing the pump power.
Pressure Dependence of the Second‐Order Elastic Constants of ZnTe and ZnSe

Pressure dependences of the second‐order elastic constants of ZnTe and ZnSe (zinc‐blende structure) have been measured at 295°K as a function of hydrostatic pressure up to 6 kbar by means of ultrasonic pulse‐echo method. The pressure derivatives evaluated at zero excess pressure for C11, C12, C44, and Bs (bulk modulus) are, respectively, 4.81±0.07, 5.12±0.1, 0.45±0.03, and 5.04±0.18 for ZnTe and 4.44±0.07, 4.93±0.1, 0.43±0.03, and 4.77±0.8 for ZnSe.
Photothermal Sensitive 3D Printed Biodegradable Polyester Scaffolds with Polydopamine Coating for Bone Tissue Engineering

Biodegradable scaffolds with photothermal effects and customizable pore structures are a hot topic of research in the field of bone repair. In this study, we prepared porous scaffolds using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as the raw material and customized the pore structure with 3D printing technology. First, we investigated the effect of pore structure on the mechanical properties of this 3D PLA scaffold. Subsequently, the optimally designed PLA scaffolds were coated with PDA to enhance their hydrophilicity and bioactivity. XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy) results indicated that PDA was successfully coated on the surface of PLA scaffolds. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) micrographs showed that the surface of the PDA/PLA scaffolds became rough. WCA (water contact angle) confirmed that the material has enhanced hydrophilic properties. PDA/PLA scaffolds exhibit a tunable photothermal effect under NIR (near infrared) irradiation. The 3D-printed PLA/PDA scaffolds have remarkable potential as an alternative material for repairing bone defects.
Magnetic Impurities in Semiconductors

The magnetic-nonmagnetic transition of impurities in semiconductors is studied by a simple one-dimensional model. The model is a two-electron system in a linear chain with a short-range impurity potential v . The intra-site two-body repulsive energy U is assumed throughout the crystal. The phase boundary for the transition is calculated numerically exactly by the use of the Green's function formalism. In contrast with the model of Mattis and Lieb, the singlet ground state becomes degenerate with the lowest one-electron scattering state (magnetic) for practically all value of v as U exceeds a critical value U c which is of the same order of magnitude as v .
Propagation of partially coherent beams in a convective medium

Atmospheric conditions change throughout the day, from turbulence to convective conditions depending on solar irradiation and soil temperature. It is a necessity for optical telecommunications technologies to study propagation of partially coherent beams under convective atmospheric conditions because these are predominant during daytime in tropical regions. In this work, a theoretical and experimental study of the propagation of partially coherent J0 Bessel beams trough a convective medium is presented. Experimental results show that phase singularities are preserved.
Modeling of random aerodynamic loads applied on fluid‐structure coupled systems using rain‐on‐the‐roof equivalent excitation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend statistical energy analysis (SEA)‐like modeling to fluid‐structure coupled systems.Design/methodology/approach – An equivalent approach of aerodynamic loads is applied to a SEA‐like modeling of a panel‐cavity coupled system with rain‐on‐the‐roof excitation. Two aerodynamic excitations are presented: turbulent boundary layer (TBL) and diffuse field excitation. The energetic description of the coupled system is studied with both aerodynamic excitations, taking in account the coincidence effects. In order to extent the approach to more general systems, some parameters of the coupled system are also modified and the accuracy of the coupled system modeling is investigated.Findings – The boundary conditions of the panel and the coupling strength between the panel and the cavity have been modified. As it was expected, the accuracy of equivalent approach is shown to be independent of such modifications. The interest of such calculation is thus highlighted: modeling.
Driving‐Point Impedances of Cantilever Beams—Comparison of Measurement and Theory

The driving‐point impedances and natural frequencies of small, rigidly terminated, metal cantilever beams in bending vibration have been measured at low strain amplitudes. The results show excellent agreement with the predictions of the Timoshenko theory, which has been extended to account for the internal damping of the beams in addition to the effects of rotary inertia and shear displacement. Values of impedance measured at the free end of a magnesium alloy beam have a maximum dynamic range of 6×106; the lowest measured value of impedance was 4.1×10−5 lb‐sec/in. Attempts to avoid the excitation of the third beam mode by driving the beam at a nodal point near its midpoint have proved both successful and straight‐forward. Driving‐point impedance has also been measured at the ends of a manganese‐copper alloy beam and an aluminum beam coated with an unconstrained layer of damping compound. The driving‐point impedance of this damped beam has been closely matched theoretically by the impedance of an equivalen.
A high-precision mass spectrometer for stable carbon isotope analysis at the nanogram level

Details are presented of a double-collector static mass spectrometer that can determine precise stable carbon isotope ratios for samples of the order of 10-8 g carbon as CD4. Measurements are performed by analysis of the ion-beam intensities at m/z=20 (12CD4+)and 21 (13CD4+). The instrument is capable of long-term reproducibility (the 20/21 ratio of 23 consecutive aliquots of standard gas analysed over the course of a day varies by only +or-0.16 per mille); its ability to provide comparative isotopic measurements ( delta values) has been assessed by a zero-enrichment check which affords a value of -0.012+or-0.25 per mille.
Tourist trajectory prediction based on improved LightGBM

Considering the influences of the COVID-19 disease, systemic risks with respect to the tourism industry and the erratic preferences of the tourists have fiercely affected the performance of machine learning models for tourist trajectory prediction. This paper introduces a noise-reduced and Bayesian optimized light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) to forecast the likelihood of visitors entering the consequent scenic attraction, accommodating to the variability of tourism attributes. The empirical evidence of tourism data in Luoyang City Hall from March 2020 to November 2021 illustrates that our practice surpasses the baseline LightGBM mechanism as well as a random search-based technique regarding prediction loss by 5.39% and 4.42% correspondingly. The proposed research demonstrates a promising stride in the improvement of intelligent tourism in the experimental area by enhancing tourist experiences and allocating tourism resources efficiently, which can also be smoothly applied to other scenic spots.
On the local linearization of differential equations

1. Consider the autonomous system of real, nonlinear differential equations (1.1) x' = Ex+F(x), where F(I x)= o(IxI) as x -0, x is a (Euclidean) vector, F(x) a smooth vector-valued function of x, and E a constant matrix with eigenvalues el, e2, -satisfying (1.2) Re ej 5 0. Let the solution (t, x) of (1.1) starting at x for t=0 be written as (1.3) Tt: xt = t(t, x) = eEtx + X(t, x), where X(t, x) =o(I x| ) as x->0 (for fixed t). Thus if Tt is considered as a map x->xt, for fixed t, the composition rule (1.4) TtTs = Tt+8
Montane Rattlesnakes in México: Venoms of Crotalus tancitarensis and Related Species within the Crotalus intermedius Group

The Crotalus intermedius group is a clade of rattlesnakes consisting of several species adapted to a high elevation habitat, primarily in México. Crotalus tancitarensis was previously classified as C. intermedius, until individuals occurring on Cerro Tancítaro in Michoacán, México, were reevaluated and classified as a new species (C. tancitarensis) based on scale pattern and geographic location. This study aimed to characterize the venom of C. tancitarensis and compare the venom profile to those of other species within the Crotalus intermedius group using gel electrophoresis, biochemical assays, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and lethal toxicity (LD50) assays. Results show that the venom profiles of species within the Crotalus intermedius group are similar, but with distinct differences in phospholipase A2 (PLA2), metalloproteinase PI (SVMP PI), and kallikrein-like serine proteinase (SVSP) activity and relative abundance. Proteomic analysis indicated that the highland forms produce venoms with 50–60 protein isoforms and a composition typical of type I rattlesnake venoms (abundant SVMPs, lack of presynaptic PLA2-based neurotoxins), as well as a diversity of typical Crotalus venom components such as serine proteinases, PLA2s, C-type lectins, and less abundant toxins (LAAOs, CRiSPs, etc.). The overall venom profile of C. tancitarensis appears most similar to C. transversus, which is consistent with a previous mitochondrial DNA analysis of the Crotalus intermedius group. These rattlesnakes of the Mexican highlands represent a radiation of high elevation specialists, and in spite of divergence of species in these Sky Island habitats, venom composition of species analyzed here has remained relatively conserved. The majority of protein family isoforms are conserved in all members of the clade, and as seen in other more broadly distributed rattlesnake species, differences in their venoms are largely due to relative concentrations of specific components.
An improved wedge calibration method for lateral force in atomic force microscopy

An improved wedge calibration method for quantitative lateral force measurement in atomic force microscopy is presented. The improved method differs from the original one in several aspects. It utilizes a much simpler, commercially available, calibration grating and can be performed at any single specified applied load. It enables calibration of all types of probes, both integrated with sharp tips, and colloidal with any radius of curvature up to 2 μm. The improved method also simplifies considerably the calculation of the calibration factor by using flat facets on the calibration grating to cancel out system errors. A scheme for the data processing for on-line calibration of the lateral force is also presented.