Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
C O ] 6 M ay 2 01 8 Criticality , The List Color Function , and List Coloring the Cartesian Product of Graphs

We introduce a notion of color-criticality in the context of chromatic-choosability, χl(G) = χ(G). We define a graph G to be strong k-chromatic-choosable if χ(G) = k and every (k − 1)-assignment for which G is not list-colorable has the property that the lists are the same for all vertices. That is the usual coloring is, in some sense, the obstacle to list-coloring. We prove basic properties of strongly chromatic-choosable graphs such as chromatic-choosability and vertex-criticality, and we construct infinite families of strongly chromatic-choosable graphs. We derive a sufficient condition for the existence of at least two list colorings of strongly chromatic-choosable graphs and use it to show that: if M is a strong k-chromatic-choosable graph with |E(M)| ≤ |V (M)|(k − 2) and H is a graph that contains a Hamilton path, w1, w2, . , wm, such that wi has at most ρ ≥ 1 neighbors among w1, . , wi−1, then χl(M H) ≤ k+ ρ− 1. We show that this bound is sharp for all ρ ≥ 1 by generalizing the theorem to apply to H that are (M,ρ)-Cartesian accommodating which is a notion we define with the help of the list color function, Pl(G, k), the list analogue of the chromatic polynomial. We use the list color function to determine the list chromatic number of certain starlike graphs: χl(M K1,s) = k if s < Pl(M,k), or k + 1 if s ≥ Pl(M,k), where M is a strong k-chromatic-choosable graph. We show that Pl(M,k) equals P (M,k), the chromatic polynomial, when M is an odd cycle, complete graph, or the join of an odd cycle with a complete graph. This allows us to prove χl(C2l+1 K1,s) transitions from 3 to 4 at s = 2 − 2, χl(Kn K1,s) transitions from n to n + 1 at s = n! , and χl(Kn ∨C2l+1 K1,s) transitions from n+ 3 to n+ 4 at s = 1 3 (n+ 3)! (4 − 1).
Integration of Internet of Things components into a firm’s offering portfolio – a business development framework

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a foundation for firms trying to evaluate the suitability of Internet of Things (IoT)-enhanced offerings against the background of their current portfolio. Currently, quite a number of companies consider revising or extending their portfolio of products and services by incorporating IoT components to achieve competitive advantages. However, an unsystematic and autotelic addition of connected sensors and actuators to present offerings does not necessarily lead to substantial market success. Design/methodology/approach – The approach of this paper is to identify different roles which IoT components can play in offering portfolios; clarify business development objectives, which can be achieved by the combination of products and services with IoT components; and report case examples which help to highlight how business development objectives can be reached with the help of IoT components fulfilling specific roles. Findings – IoT components may play three different roles wh.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheres of two French alpine valleys: sources and temporal patterns

Abstract. Alpine valleys represent some of the most important crossroads for international heavy-duty traffic in Europe, but the full impact of this traffic on air quality is not known due to a lack of data concerning these complex systems. As part of the program "Pollution des Vallees Alpines" (POVA), we performed two sampling surveys of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two sensitive valleys: the Chamonix and Maurienne Valleys, between France and Italy. Sampling campaigns were performed during the summer of 2000 and the winter of 2001, with both periods taking place during the closure of the "Tunnel du Mont-Blanc". The first objective of this paper is to describe the relations between PAH concentrations, external parameters (sampling site localization, meteorological parameters, sources), and aerosol characteristics, including its carbonaceous fraction (OC and EC). The second objective is to study the capacity of PAH profiles to accurately distinguish the different emission sources. Temporal evolution of the relative concentration of an individual PAH (CHR) and the PAH groups BghiP+COR and BbF+BkF is studied in order to differentiate wood combustion, gasoline, and diesel emissions, respectively. The results show that the total particulate PAH concentrations were higher in the Chamonix valley during both seasons, despite the cessation of international traffic. Seasonal cycles, with higher concentrations in winter, are also stronger in this valley. During winter, particulate PAH concentration can reach very high levels (up to 155 ng.m-3) in this valley during cold anticyclonic periods. The examination of sources shows the impact during summer of heavy-duty traffic in the Maurienne valley and of gasoline vehicles in the Chamonix valley. During winter, Chamonix is characterized by the strong influence of wood combustion in residential fireplaces, even if the temporal evolution of specific PAH ratios are difficult to interpret. Information on sources given by PAH profiles can only be considered in qualitative terms.
Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the maxilla

Rationale: Lymphomas are the second most common non-epithelial malignant tumors in the oral and maxillofacial region. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) develops at extranodal sites, and cases involving the maxilla account for less than 1% of all NHLs. We describe a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the maxilla, and highlight the clinical signs, symptoms, differential diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of DLBCL in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Patient concerns: A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our surgical department with pain and swelling in her right upper posterior teeth for about six months. She was previously misdiagnosed with periodontal disease and had a history of tooth extraction. Diagnoses: Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed extensive osteolysis in the right posterior part of the maxilla with enhanced neoplasm. A solid mass was found upon incisional biopsy, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of DLBCL. Interventions: The patient was treated with six courses of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R-CHOP), followed by external irradiation treatment. Outcomes: The treatment was well tolerated, and the patient is presently alive after two years of follow-up. Lessons: Non-specific symptoms, such as unclear primary dental pain and unresolved periapical swelling, can make an accurate diagnosis of DLBCL difficult, which frequently lead to delayed diagnosis. A CT or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of the maxilla and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy specimen is recommended. Combination therapy including radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the optimal treatment for NHL.
Automated segmentation of three-dimensional MR brain images

Brain segmentation is a challenging problem due to the complexity of the brain. In this paper, we propose an automated brain segmentation method for 3D magnetic resonance (MR) brain images which are represented as a sequence of 2D brain images. The proposed method consists of three steps: pre-processing, removal of non-brain regions (e.g., the skull, meninges, other organs, etc), and spinal cord restoration. In pre-processing, we perform adaptive thresholding which takes into account variable intensities of MR brain images corresponding to various image acquisition conditions. In segmentation process, we iteratively apply 2D morphological operations and masking for the sequences of 2D sagittal, coronal, and axial planes in order to remove non-brain tissues. Next, final 3D brain regions are obtained by applying OR operation for segmentation results of three planes. Finally we reconstruct the spinal cord truncated during the previous processes. Experiments are performed with fifteen 3D MR brain image sets with 8-bit gray-scale. Experiment results show the proposed algorithm is fast, and provides robust and satisfactory results.
A PRESUMPTIVE STANDARD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW PROTECTION

The vast majority of the world's rivers are now being tapped for their water supplies, yet only a tiny fraction of these rivers are protected by any sort of environmental flow standard. While important advances have been made in reducing the cost and time required to determine the environmental flow needs of both individual rivers and types of rivers in specific geographies, it is highly unlikely that such approaches will be applied to all, or even most, rivers within the forseeable future. As a result, the vast majority of the planet's rivers remain vulnerable to exploitation without limits. Clearly, there is great need for adoption of a “presumptive standard” that can fill this gap. In this paper we present such a presumptive standard, based on the Sustainability Boundary Approach of Richter (2009) which involves restricting hydrologic alterations to within a percentage‐based range around natural or historic flow variability. We also discuss water management implications in applying our standard. Our presumptive standard is intended for application only where detailed scientific assessments of environmental flow needs cannot be undertaken in the near term. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
"Detection and differentiation of paediatric renal tumours usingwith diffusion- weighted imaging: an explorative retrospective study"

Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a promising supplemental technique in oncological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging. We examined the diagnostic utility of DWI infor detectingion and differentiatingcharacterisation of paediatric renal tumours. Patients and Methods: Eleven consecutive patients (median 4 years, range 41 daysmonth to 15 years, females n=9) with histologically proven renal tumours (nephroblastoma n=6, nephroblastomatosis n=2, connatal nephroblastic nephroma n=1, renal cell carcinoma n=1, local recurrence of nephroblastoma n=1) underwent routine clinical MRI imaging at 1.5 Tesla using a standardised oncological scan protocol comprising T2-weighted (T2w), contrastenhanced T1-weighted T1w (ce-T1w) and free-breathing DWI (free-breathing, 1.5 Tesla, 2D SSEPI, b-values 50 and 800 s/mm, ADC map). We retrospectively analysed lesion detectability and conspicuity and measureding mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, unit: 10 mm2/s) values (unit: 10 mm2/s) as well as signal intensity (SI) ratios of tumour vs. adjacent soft tissue on DWI and ce-T1w images. Results: All tumour manifestations were detectable on DWI by high signal at high b values. Mean ADC values ranged between 0.56 to 0.95 with a wide overlap between malignant lesions and nephroblastomatosis. Mean SI ratios were significantly higher on DWI, compared to ceT1w (4.5±3,8 vs. 1.6±0.7, p<0.001). SixNine small foci of nephroblastomatosis were nearly occult on ce-T1w imaging, but clearly delineated on DWI. One small bone metastasis was seen on DWI only. In two patients with stable unilateral manifestations of nephroblastomatosis, follow-up MRI showed mean ADC values of 1.0 ± 0.3 with over three years. Conclusion: According to our preliminary experience, DWI reliably detects paediatric renal tumours and their metastases. Apparently, DWI cannot distinguish between malignant and non-malignant paediatric renal tumour entities based on mean ADC values, but yields superior lesion conspicuity, as compared to ce-T1w imaging. DWI in free-breathing technique without the need of i.v. contrast application deserves further evaluation as stand-alone imaging, especially for follow-up in young patients. Formatted: English (United Kingdom) Formatted: English (United Kingdom) Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
Psychology, Behavioural Economists and Climate Change

Behavioural economists study how people make decisions. Their findings are not only relevant to economics but also to climate policy. Recently there has been increasing interest in behavioural economics and the contribution from research by psychologists. The following draws particularly on the paper by the eminent behavioural economist Prof Matthew Rabin, University of California at Berkeley, titled “Psychology and Economics”. [1] Implications of biases described by Rabin, and listed below, are reviewed for their relevance concerning the hypothesis that human activity will cause dangerous global warming (Climate Change).
MARKOV CHAINS AND COUPLING FROM THE PAST

We aim to explore Coupling from the Past (CFTP), an algorithm designed to obtain a perfect sampling from the stationary distribution of a Markov chain. We introduce the fundamentals of probability, Markov chains, and coupling to establish a foundation for CFTP. We then briefly study the hardcore and Ising model to gain an overview of CFTP. Specifically, we will place rigorous bounds on the run time of monotone CFTP, give a brief overview on a non-monotone CFTP method designed for the hardcore model, and sketch an algorithm for using CFTP for an arbitrary Markov chain.
Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve the Quality and Stability of Vascularized Flap Surgery of Irradiated Skin in Pigs

Cutaneous radiation syndrome has severe long‐term health consequences. Because it causes an unpredictable course of inflammatory waves, conventional surgical treatment is ineffective and often leads to a fibronecrotic process. Data about the long‐term stability of healed wounds, with neither inflammation nor resumption of fibrosis, are lacking. In this study, we investigated the effect of injections of local autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs), combined with plastic surgery for skin necrosis, in a large‐animal model. Three months after irradiation overexposure to the rump, minipigs were divided into three groups: one group treated by simple excision of the necrotic tissue, the second by vascularized‐flap surgery, and the third by vascularized‐flap surgery and local autologous BM‐MSC injections. Three additional injections of the BM‐MSCs were performed weekly for 3 weeks. The quality of cutaneous wound healing was examined 1 year post‐treatment. The necrotic tissue excision induced a pathologic scar characterized by myofibroblasts, excessive collagen‐1 deposits, and inadequate vascular density. The vascularized‐flap surgery alone was accompanied by inadequate production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (decorin, fibronectin); the low col1/col3 ratio, associated with persistent inflammatory nodules, and the loss of vascularization both attested to continued immaturity of the ECM. BM‐MSC therapy combined with vascularized‐flap surgery provided mature wound healing characterized by a col1/col3 ratio and decorin and fibronectin expression that were all similar to that of nonirradiated skin, with no inflammation, and vascular stability. In this preclinical model, vascularized flap surgery successfully and lastingly remodeled irradiated skin only when combined with BM‐MSC therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018:569–582
IL‐10 induces apoptosis in human monocytes involving the CD95 receptor/ligand pathway

The cytokine IL‐10 exerts potent immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory effects, although the mechanisms of this action remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of IL‐10 in human peripheral blood monocytes. We were able to demonstrate that IL‐10 dose‐ and time‐dependently triggers apoptosis in these cells as detected by annexin‐V staining, the nick end labeling (TUNEL) procedure, electron microscopy and analysis of DNA laddering. IL‐10‐induced apoptosis required the activation of proteases of the caspase family, since a peptide caspase inhibitor attenuated cell death and, in addition, the proteolytic activation of caspase‐8 was observed. Since caspase‐8 has been implicated as a regulator of apoptosis mediated by death receptors, we investigated a potential involvement of the CD95 receptor/ligand system. Indeed, treatment of monocytes with IL‐10 induced a dose‐dependent up‐regulation of CD95 receptor and ligand expression on the monocyte surface. Furthermore, a CD95 ligand‐neutralizing antibody significantly inhibited IL‐10‐induced apoptosis. In summary, our data show that IL‐10 triggers monocyte apoptosis involving the CD95 system via an autocrine or paracrine process. Therefore, at least part of the anti‐inflammatory properties of IL‐10 may involve induction of apoptosis in monocytes.
Acceptability and Feasibility of Real-Time Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Interventions in Rural Uganda: Mixed-Method Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Wireless electronic adherence monitors can detect antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence lapses and trigger interventions in real time, thus potentially avoiding unnecessary HIV viremia. Evidence about the acceptability and feasibility of these monitors and associated interventions, however, is limited. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of real-time adherence monitoring linked to text messaging (short message service, SMS) reminders and notifications to support adherence among individuals living with HIV who are taking ART in rural southwestern Uganda. Methods Individuals living with HIV who were initiating ART were enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial and followed up for 9 months. Participants received a real-time adherence monitor and were randomized to one of the following study arms: (1) scheduled SMS, (2) SMS triggered by missed or delayed doses, or (3) no SMS. SMS notifications were also sent to 45 patient-identified social supporters for sustained adherence lapses in the scheduled SMS and triggered SMS arms. Study participants and social supporters participated in qualitative semistructured in-depth interviews on acceptability and feasibility of this technology. An inductive, content analytic approach, framed by the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model, was used to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative feasibility data, including device functionality and SMS tracking data, were recorded based upon device metrics collected electronically and summarized descriptively. Results A total of 63 participants participated in the study. Participants reported that real-time monitoring intervention linked to SMS reminders and notifications are generally acceptable; the predominant feedback was perceived utility—the intervention was beneficial in motivating and reminding patients to take medication, as well as enabling provision of social support. The intervention was found to be technically feasible, as data were obtained from most participants as expected most of the time. Potential challenges included the impact of the technology on confidentiality, shared phone ownership, usability skills, and availability of electricity. Conclusions Real-time adherence monitoring integrated with SMS reminders and social support notifications is a generally acceptable (based primarily on perceived utility) and feasible intervention in a resource-limited country. Future efforts should focus on optimized device design, user training to overcome the challenges we encountered, cost effectiveness studies, as well as studying the monitoring aspect of the device without accompanying interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01957865; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01957865 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6zFiDlXDa)
Exploring individual differences in online and face-to-face help-seeking intentions in case of impending mental health problems: The role of adult attachment, perceived social support, psychological distress and self-stigma

Background: Even though common mental health problems such as depression are a global burden calling for efficient prevention strategies, still many distressed individuals face hurdles to access public mental healthcare. Thus, computerized Internet-based psychological services have been suggested as viable approach to overcome barriers, such as self-stigma, and to inform the access to professional support on a large scale. However, little research has targeted predictors of online and face-to-face help-seeking intentions. Objective: This study aimed at determining whether associations between attachment insecurity and the willingness to seek online versus face-to-face counselling in case of impending emotional problems are mediated by both perceived social support and psychological distress and moderated by self-stigma. Methods: Data was collected from 301 adults from the German-speaking general population (age: M = 34.42, SD = 11.23; range: 18 65 years; 72.1% female) through an anonymous online survey. Determinants of seeking help were assessed with the self-report measures Experiences in Close Relationship-Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, ENRICHD-Social Support Inventory and an adapted version of the General Help Seeking Questionnaire (i.e. case vignette). Mediation analyses were performed with the SPSS-macro PROCESS by Hayes. Results: About half of the sample indicated being not aware of online counselling. As expected, insecure attachment was associated with less perceived social support and increased psychological distress. Mediational analyses revealed negative relationships between both attachment avoidance and self-stigma with face-to-face help-seeking intentions. Moreover, the relationship between attachment anxiety and the willingness to seek face-to-face counselling was mediated by social support. In contrast, none of the predictors of online counselling was statistically significant. Conclusions: Overall, this study identified negative associations between both attachment avoidance and self-stigma with face-to-face help-seeking intentions, whereas determinants of seeking online counselling remained largely unclear. Further research is required to identify the role of e-awareness and e-mental health literacy in terms of online counselling uptake. Jennifer Apolinário-Hagen1, Annina Trachsel Dugo2, Lisa Anhorn2, Britta Holsten2, Verena Werner2, Simone Krebs2
Nitrogen use efficiency of bread wheat: Effects of nitrogen rate and time of application

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) rate and time of application on N use efficiency (NUE) of bread wheat, and their association with grain yield and protein content. Factorial combinations of four N levels, two bread wheat varieties and three timings of N applications were laid out in a randomized complete block design. N rate significantly influenced grain yield, protein content, N uptake efficiency, N biomass production efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N use efficiency for grain and N use efficiency for protein yield. Time of N application had highly significant effect on grain yield, protein content and NUE traits. Rate of N application and variety were significantly interacted to influence grain yield. Grain yield for Madda Walabu found sharply increase with each increase in N application rate. The improved variety provided significantly higher grain yield, N utilization efficiency and N use efficiency for grain yield (NUEGY) when N was applied 1/4 at planting, 1/2 at mid-tillering, and 1/4 at anthesis. Variations in NUEGY were explained more by the variations in N uptake efficiency. Harvest index contribution to NUEGY was higher for the local variety. Although NUE significantly decreased with increasing N rates, yield response of the varieties did not plateau out.