Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduction of the n-6:n-3 long-chain PUFA ratio during pregnancy and lactation on offspring body composition: follow-up results from a randomized controlled trial up to 5 y of age.

BACKGROUND It has been hypothesized that the n-6:n-3 (ω-6:ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) ratio in the maternal diet during the prenatal and early postnatal phase positively affects the body composition of the offspring. However, only limited data from prospective human intervention studies with long-term follow-up are available. OBJECTIVE We assessed the long-term effects of a reduced n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio in the diets of pregnant and lactating women [1020 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/d together with an arachidonic acid-balanced diet compared with a control diet] on the body weights and compositions of their offspring from 2 to 5 y of age with a focus on the 5-y results. DESIGN Participants in the randomized controlled trial received follow-up assessments with annual body-composition measurements including skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements (primary outcome), a sonographic assessment of abdominal subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat, and child growth. In addition, abdominal MRI was performed in a subgroup of 5-y-old children. For the statistical analysis, mixed models for repeated measures (MMRMs) were fit with the use of data from each visit since birth (except for MRI). RESULTS Maternal LCPUFA supplementation did not significantly influence the children's sum of 4 SFTs [means ± SDs at 5 y of age: intervention, 23.9 ± 4.7 mm (n = 57); control, 24.5 ± 5.0 mm (n = 55); adjusted mean difference, -0.5 (95% CI: -2.2, 1.2)], growth, or ultrasonography measures at any time point in the adjusted MMRM model (all P values < 0.05). Results were consistent with abdominal MRI measurements (n = 44) at 5 y of age, which showed no significant differences in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes and ratios. CONCLUSION The current study provides no evidence that a dietary reduction of the n-6:n-3 LCPUFA ratio in the maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation is a useful early preventive strategy against obesity at preschool age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00362089.
Comparing the biological characteristics of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells of different persons

Scientists have found that cell sex is a variable that considerably influences the regeneration abilities of muscle‐derived stem cells' in mice. We try to find out whether the cell sex or cell age (the age of donor) will influence the biological characteristics of human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (H‐ADSCs). The results indicate that cell sex influences the proliferation, differentiation, paracrine, and anti‐apoptosis abilities of the H‐ADSCs, and cell age may also affect the H‐ADSCs' differentiation and anti‐apoptosis abilities. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 2020–2026, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimating Pervasive Economic Factors with Missing Observations

We suggest a technique for estimating pervasive economic factors which allows the use of all available security return data. The resulting factor estimates can be used in applications and tests of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). An obvious advantage of the technique is that more precise estimates of the factors are obtained while avoiding potential survivorship biases in factor construction. Empirically, the factor estimates using the entire data set outperform (in terms of asset pricing) estimates using only continuously traded assets.
Nontumorous arterioportal shunt mimicking hypervascular tumor in cirrhotic liver: two-phase spiral CT findings.

PURPOSE To determine the two-phase (hepatic arterial phase [HAP] and portal venous phase [PVP]) spiral computed tomographic (CT) findings of a nontumorous arterioportal shunt in the cirrhotic liver that can mimic a hypervascular tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS For 14 months, 803 patients with known or suspected hepatocellular carcinoma were referred for initial or repeated transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Twenty-nine hyperattenuating lesions on HAP CT images obtained in 25 patients (23 men, two women; age range, 39-70 years) were regarded as nontumorous arterioportal shunts and were included in this study. The diagnosis of nontumorous arterioportal shunt was established by four radiologists who reviewed the two-phase spiral CT images and hepatic angiograms. RESULTS The longest dimension of the lesion was 1.0-7.9 cm (mean dimension, 2.9 cm). The morphology at HAP CT was wedge-shaped in 25 (86%), geographic (ie, focal area with irregular outline) in two (7%), and nodular in two (7%) lesions. All lesions were homogeneous in attenuation. Hyperattenuating linear branching structures that represented early opacification of portal veins were demonstrated during the HAP in nine (31%) lesions. PVP CT images showed these lesions as isoattenuating (n = 20 [69%]) or slightly hyperattenuating (n = 9 [31%]). Iodized oil CT images showed faint or no accumulation of iodized oil in all lesions. CONCLUSION In cirrhotic liver, nontumorous arterioportal shunts can be a cause of pseudolesions that mimic hypervascular tumors at two-phase spiral CT. Lesions that have the typical wedge-shaped and homogeneous appearance with or without internal linear branching structures during the HAP and that are isoattenuating or slightly hyperattenuating during the PVP can suggest this unusual condition.
The Paradox of Proportional Representation: The Effect of Party Systems and Coalitions on Individuals' Electoral Participation

Empirical findings based on aggregate data have found that proportional representation (PR) has a mixed relationship with electoral participation. Large party systems, thought to be one of the benefits of PR in increasing turnout, instead depress turnout. This article examines two theories that seek to account for this paradox – that coalition governments resulting from larger party systems serve to depress turnout, and that larger party systems increase the complexity of the decision environment for voters. By combining individual-level data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems with contextual measures of effective number of parties, coalition structure and disproportionality, this article tests for interactions between the characteristics and attitudes of individuals and the contextual influences on electoral participation. The frequency of coalitions that violate the minimal-winning rule depresses turnout, especially among supporters of major parties. By accounting for variations in coalition governments, larger party systems appear, on balance, to enhance, rather than depress, individuals' propensity to vote. Limited evidence is reported that indicates that this participation-enhancing role of larger party systems is not evenly distributed across the electorate, as those lacking a university degree may find the decision environment created by larger party systems more complex.
Packaging Health: Examining “Better-for-You” Foods Targeted at Children

Les préoccupations de nombreux consommateurs en ce qui a trait à la santé et à l’obésité ont conduit des entreprises à mettre sur le marché une gamme de produits présentés comme étant « meilleurs pour la santé ». Dans cet article, j’examine 354 produits vendus dans les supermarchés et qui ciblent les jeunes, et j’évalue leur qualité nutritionnelle et la façon de présenter différents aspects de certains produits dits « meilleurs pour la santé », en comparaison avec des produits « réguliers ». Résultat : si les produits dits « meilleurs pour la santé » offrent certains avantages du point de vue nutritionnel (en particulier en ce qui concerne les quantités de matières grasses et de sodium), le sucre est présent à des degrés élevés dans les deux types de produits. Je fais ensuite quelques remarques importantes sur l’« auréole santé » et l’aspect « amusant » que l’on associe à certains produits alimentaires. Enfin, je conclus que toutes ces données indiquent que les produits mis en marché pour les jeunes et présentés comme « meilleurs pour la santé » sont tout autant une affaire de marketing qu’une question de nutrition.
Magnetization reversal in a preferred oriented (111) L10 FePt grown on a soft magnetic metallic glass for tilted magnetic recording

L10 FePt is an important material for the fabrication of high density perpendicular recording media, but the ultrahigh coercivity of L10 FePt restricts its use. Tilting of the magnetic easy axis and the introduction of a soft magnetic underlayer can solve this problem. However, high temperature processing and the requirement of epitaxial growth conditions for obtaining an L10 FePt phase are the main hurdles to be overcome. Here, we introduce a bilayered magnetic structure ((111) L10 FePt/glassy Fe71Nb4Hf3Y2B20/SiO2/Si) in which the magnetic easy axis of L10 FePt is tilted by ∼36° from the film plane and epitaxial growth conditions are not required. The soft magnetic underlayer not only promotes the growth of L10 FePt with the preferred orientation but also provides an easy cost-effective micro/nanopatterning of recording bits. A detailed magnetic characterization of the bilayered structure in which the thickness of (111) L10 FePt with the soft magnetic Fe71Nb4Hf3Y2B20 glassy underlayer varied from 5 to 60 nm is carried out in an effort to understand the magnetization switching mechanism. The magnetization switching behavior is almost the same for bilayered structures in which FePt layer thickness is >10 nm (greater than the domain wall thickness of FePt). For FePt film ∼10 nm thick, magnetization reversal takes place in a very narrow field range. Magnetization reversal first takes place in the soft magnetic underlayer. On further increase in the reverse magnetic field, the domain wall in the soft magnetic layer compresses at the interface of the hard and soft layers. Once the domain wall energy becomes sufficiently large to overcome the nucleation energy of the domain wall in L10 FePt, the magnetization of the whole bilayer is reversed. This process takes place quickly because the domain walls in the hard layer do not need to move, and the formation of a narrower domain wall may not be favorable energetically. Our results showed that the present bilayered structure is very promising for the fabrication of tilted bit-patterned magnetic recording media.
A randomized clinical trial of supported employment for inner-city patients with severe mental disorders.

BACKGROUND This experiment evaluated the effectiveness of 2 approaches to vocational services for persons with severe mental disorders: (1) individual placement and support (IPS), in which employment specialists within the mental health center help patients to obtain competitive jobs and provide ongoing support, and (2) enhanced vocational rehabilitation (EVR), in which stepwise vocational services are delivered by rehabilitation agencies. METHODS One hundred fifty-two unemployed, inner-city patients with severe mental disorders who expressed interest in competitive employment were randomly assigned to IPS or EVR and followed up for 18 months. Following diagnostic assessment, participants were assessed with standardized measures of work, income, self-esteem, quality of life, symptoms, and hospitalization at baseline and at 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up evaluations. Employment was tracked monthly and job satisfaction every 2 months. RESULTS During the 18-month study, participants in the IPS program were more likely to become competitively employed (60.8% vs 9.2%) and to work at least 20 hours per week in a competitive job (45.9% vs 5.3%), whereas EVR participants had a higher rate of participation in sheltered employment (71.1% vs 10.8%). Total earnings, job satisfaction, and nonvocational outcomes were similarly improved for both groups. CONCLUSION The IPS model of supported employment is more effective than standard, stepwise EVR approaches for achieving competitive employment, even for inner-city patients with poor work histories and multiple problems.
The evolution of the entrepreneurial university

A second academic revolution, integrating a mission for economic and social development is transforming the traditional teaching and research university into an entrepreneurial university. The Triple Helix thesis postulates that the interaction among university-industry-government is the key to improving the conditions for innovation in a knowledge-based society. More than the development of new products in firms, innovation is the creation of new arrangements among the institutional spheres that foster the conditions for innovation. Invention of organisational innovations, new social arrangements and new channels for interaction becomes as important as the creation of physical devices in speeding the pace of innovation. This paper draws for data on interviews conducted by the author in the USA, Sweden, Brazil, Italy, Portugal and Denmark.
Research and teaching in a new generation university: Emerging dimensions and academics' attitudes

The paper provides a theoretical discussion of the relationship between research and teaching in universities. It then proceeds to report on a study conducted in the Business Faculty of an Australian New Generation University (NGU) to establish the attitudes that academic staff have to research in relationship with teaching and other issues relevant to a NGU. It was found that academics' opinions on some issues trended in opposite directions depending on perceived teaching and research effectiveness. Increasing teaching effectiveness correlated negatively with research-oriented propositions while increasing research effectiveness correlated positively. Moderating effects on opinions, such as years of teaching, were established. Tentative conclusions were formed on the current diversity among academics and its causes as well as challenges for the institution.
Strategic Alliances in Information Technology and Developing Country Firms: Policy Perspectives

Inter-firm strategic alliances deserve a much more prominent place in the public debate on industrial restructuring and economic growth than they have enjoyed until now. Alliances provide a useful mechanism to assist the establishment of competitive indigenous IT industries and to mobilise the necessary financial resources and technological expertise needed to upgrade lagging infrastructure. Alliances, however, are only one of many potential policy instruments. In order to be successful in their role as facilitators of access to technology, capital and markets, alliances must be complemented by an appropriate domestic economic environment. Ultimately, this environment will affect the incentives of firms to upgrade to higher value-added activities and to seek out appropriate collaborators. Certain policy 'complications' that alliances introduce also deserve serious consideration.
Analysis of Single-Stage 9-Level Current-Source Inverter to Interface Fuel Cell with Grid

Renewable energy sources can be used for electric power generation to supply specific devices in distributed systems such as smart grids. Hydrogen fuel cells have proven to be an effective solution to produce electrical energy with fairly good efficiency and minimum environmental pollution. A single-stage solution to interconnect a fuel cell with a low-voltage distribution system is proposed in this concept. The traditional boost dc/dc converter plus voltage source inverter is replaced by a single-stage multilevel current-source inverter (MCSI). The MCSI can both interconnect to the grid and perform the maximum power point tracking algorithm. This novel singlestage converter approach provides active power to the grid, power factor compensation, and reduction of the line current harmonic content. The proposed concept can be implemented to 9 level current source inverter for fuel cell the simulation results are presented by using Matlab/ Simulink software.
Effects of Encoding Tasks on the Own-Age Face Recognition Bias

ABSTRACT In the current study, we evaluated the own-age face recognition bias by using various encoding tasks to evaluate the robustness and potential limitations of the own-age bias. One hundred sixty young adults studied photographs of children, young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults and were assigned to one of four encoding conditions (i.e., age estimate, attractiveness rating, friendliness rating, and a face search task). Subsequent recognition tests revealed a robust own-age bias such that participants recognized own-age faces better than other-age faces regardless of encoding task. The current study showed that encoding tasks that focus on socially relevant characteristics (i.e., attractiveness ratings and friendliness ratings) do not eliminate or weaken the own-age bias compared to tasks that specifically focus on the age of the face. These findings indicate that in-group/out-group categorization requires little conscious processing and may be automatic, which is consistent with Sporer's (2001) in-group/out-group model (IOM) of facial processing.
Cross-Data-Vintage Encompassing

The issues of model comparison and evaluation in the presence of data revision are examined. The initial analysis revisits the model validity and data accuracy tests of Hendry ["Oxford Review of Economic Policy" (1994) Vol. 10, pp. 86-106] to develop the concept of model and vintage coalescence (MVC). A taxonomy of MVC tests is proposed, with the finite-sample properties of the tests examined via Monte Carlo simulation. The analysis proceeds to extend the encompassing principle [see Mizon and Richard, "Econometrica" (1986), Vol. 54, pp. 657-678; "Contributions to Operations Research and Econometrics: The XXth Anniversary of CORE", Hendry and Richard (1989) MIT Press, Cambridge, MA] to permit the comparison of econometric models developed upon alternative vintages of data. The resulting cross-data-vintage encompassing tests are discussed, with their finite-sample properties compared with those of conventional encompassing tests. The paper concludes by considering implications of the present analysis for econometric modelling. Copyright (c) Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Department of Economics, University of Oxford, 2008.
Observation of long-range intensity correlation in the transport of coherent light through a random medium.

We report experimental proof for the buildup of long range intensity correlations in the multiple scattering of classical waves, on the basis of a study of frequency-dependent intensity fluctuations in the transmitted wave, in experiments where coherent light is scattered by slabs of randomly distributed TiO2/air. Using different detection geometries, we measured fluctuations in tαβ and where tαβ is the transmission coefficient coupling the incoming channel α to the outgoing channel β.
Reallocation of Purchasing Power due to Demographic Change - The Case of North Rhine-Westphalia

The ageing process of populations due to demographic change affects the economy in various ways. The study at hand focuses on the reallocation of income and changes in consumption expenses caused by demographic change. Local disparities on NUTS 3 level are of special interest as the demographic effects can vary considerably between regions depending on their initial position such as population density, age structure, and economic condition. By means of data for the regions of North-Rhine-Westphalia (Germany) a dynamic purchasing power indicator is built that takes the development of different age groups into account and gives a first impression of the effects of ageing on the development of income and consumption behaviour. Regional discrepancies can be identified. While some regions are characterised by a static income situation, i.e. a more or less age independent development, others show distinct increases/decreases in their income caused by their specific structure of demographic change.
Impact of Microcalcifications on Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate or Benign Cytology

Objective Adverse sonographic features such as microcalcification may predict increased likelihood of malignant cytology by fine-needle aspiration and, accordingly, increased risk of malignant histology. Our objective was to study the predictive value of microcalcifications and other sonographic features for malignancy among thyroid nodules with benign or indeterminate cytology. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Academic teaching hospital. Subjects Patients (N = 769) with 858 thyroid nodules undergoing 1142 ultrasound fine-needle aspirations; 411 cases had surgical correlation. Methods Sonographic features predictive of malignancy were correlated with malignancy as determined by histology. Incidental malignancies occurring outside the index nodule were discounted. Results Cytology was inadequate (87 cases), benign (518), indeterminate (210), and malignant (44). In 32 cases, initial benign cytology was upgraded to a higher-risk category after repeat ultrasound fine-needle aspiration. Microcalcification (P = .001) and irregular margins (P = .04) were significantly predictive of malignant cytology. Among surgical cases, microcalcification (P < .001) and irregular margins (P = .04) were significantly predictive of malignant histology; 170 patients with initial benign cytology and 161 with indeterminate cytology underwent surgery. Microcalcification was significantly associated with malignancy among cases with indeterminate cytology (P = .04) but not among cases with benign cytology (P = .23); however, only 13 of 33 cases with benign cytology and microcalcifications underwent surgery. Conclusion Presence of microcalcification increases the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology and may thus aid in selection of cases for surgery.
Extended Kernel Self-Organizing Map Clustering Algorithm

The self-Organizing Map allows to visualize the underlying structure of high dimensional data. However, the original relies on the use of Euclidean distances which often becomes a serious drawback for number of real problems. Donald and others map the data in input space into a high 2-dimension feature space, here SOM algorithm are performed. However, its disadvantage lies in lack of direct descriptions about the clustering’s center and result . In this paper, we extend of SOM, a novel kernel SOM algorithm is proposed from energy function. The idea of kernel Self-Organizing Map is applied to kernel trick. The inner product of the mapping value of the original data in feature space is replaced by a kernel function, the winner neuron and weights of each neuron can be initialized and updated by kernel Euclidean norm in the feature space. This trick resolve the non-liners can’t clustering in the input space and can’t direct descriptions about the clustering’s center and result. In this paper, some data are applied to test KSOM and SOM algorithm,The result of the experiments show KSOM algorithm has better performance than SOM.
Rolling‐horizon replenishment: Policies and performance analysis

We consider a rolling‐horizon (RH) replenishment modeling framework under which a buyer can update demand information and inventory status, modify order quantities committed previously, place an advanced order for a new period at the end of the RH, and move along in time seamlessly. We show that the optimal order policy for the two‐period RH problem is a dual‐threshold type for updating period(s) plus a base‐stock type for the advanced order. We provide analytical formulas and algorithms to compute the optimal thresholds and the optimal base‐stock level exactly. With our analytical results and numerical procedures, we demonstrate the significant value of RH replenishment in matching supplies to demands more closely. We also show that with RH updating (flexibility), the value of additional demand information beyond the RH diminishes quickly. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010