Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Dynamics of the Rhythmical Activity of the Brain: Summary of the Thesis

The first recording of the electrical activity of the brain is due to Caton [55] in 1875. By placing recording electrodes at the surface of the rabbit’s cortex, he reported “weak currents which direction varies spontaneously”. From the same exp riment in simian’s cortex he also observed oscillationsof the current. It must be emphasized that the early recordings of brain activity are already accompanied by the descri ption of rhythmical activity. In 1929, Berger publishes the first recording of the electrical a tivity at the level of the human scalp, which he calls electroencephalogram (EEG). He also n otes that the EEG displays prominent oscillatory behavior, which may be subject to imp ortant changes during the various behavioral states. The pioneering steps of researchers such as Du Bois Reymond, Hermann, Bernstein, led to the discovery of the cellular origin of this electrica l activity in the neurons. These cells are characterized by a resting potential, which is mai ntained by differences in the concentration of ions, such as Na+, K+, between the intraand extra-cellular space. Later, the remarkable work of Hodgkin, Huxley and Katz [137, 138, 13 9, 140] uncovered the mechanisms of neural excitability. They showed that the per meability of several ionic channels is voltage-dependent and that this property is suf ficient to reproduce the excitable behavior of neurons. They also provided a set of differential equations [141], wh ich were deduced from simple kinetic considerations, and which parameters were fi tted to experimental data. They succeeded to explain their experimental results using this set of equations. Many of the most recent advances in neural modeling are still based on th e Hodgkin-Huxley formalism. Today, the knowledge of the physiology of neurons has led to t he understanding of
Exchange of quantum states between coupled oscillators

Exchange of quantum states between two interacting harmonic oscillator along their evolution time is discussed. It is analyzed the conditions for such exchange starting from a generic initial state and demonstrating that the effect occurs exactly only for the particular states C0|0>+Cn|N>, which includes the interesting qubits components |0>,|1>. It is also determined the relation between the coupling constant and characteristic frequencies of the oscillators to have the complete exchange.
Contrasting Regulation of Catecholamine Neurotransmission in the Behaving Brain: Pharmacological Insights from an Electrochemical Perspective

Catecholamine neurotransmission plays a key role in regulating a variety of behavioral and physiologic processes, and its dysregulation is implicated in both neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the last four decades, in vivo electrochemistry has enabled the discovery of contrasting catecholamine regulation in the brain. These rapid and spatially resolved measurements have been conducted in brain slices, and in anesthetized and freely behaving animals. In this review, we describe the methods enabling in vivo measurements of dopamine and norepinephrine, and subsequent findings regarding their release and regulation in intact animals. We thereafter discuss key studies in awake animals, demonstrating that these catecholamines are not only differentially regulated, but are released in opposition of each other during appetitive and aversive stimuli.
A system for speech driven information retrieval

In this paper we present a system that allows users to search information in a document collection using a spoken query. The system is based on a speech recognizer and on an information retrieval engine. The system works for Spanish language. We evaluated the system using CLEF'01 test set, extended to include spoken queries. We proposed an adaptation of vocabulary and language model, to reduce the out of vocabulary word problem. In order to reduce errors caused by words in a foreign language, we expanded our pronunciation lexicon to include the pronunciation of English words. Experiments showed a relative gain in retrieval precision of 6.34%, a relative reduction in OOV word rate of 24.71% and a relative reduction in WER of 10.87%.
Can neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin help depict early contrast material-induced nephropathy?

PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in depicting an event of contrast material-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients who received iodinated contrast media, gadoterate meglumine, or radiopharmaceutical technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) and to evaluate the protective effect exerted by isotonic saline infusion, sodium bicarbonate administration, or N-acetylcysteine administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional ethics committee approval was given, and informed consent was obtained. One hundred twenty patients were enrolled in a prospective study and divided into three groups: iomeprol group, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging group (gadoterate meglumine), and renal scintigraphy group ((99m)Tc). They randomly received N-acetylcysteine, physiologic saline, or sodium bicarbonate. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were used. RESULTS In the MR imaging and renal scintigraphy groups, there were significant changes in serum creatinine and NGAL levels, and there were no cases of CIN. In the iomeprol group, an early rise in NGAL was found, while serum creatinine level changes occurred 24 hours after contrast material administration. At ROC analysis, NGAL showed high sensitivity and specificity (serum NGAL: area under the curve, 0.995; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.868, 0.992; urinary NGAL: area under the curve, 0.992; 95% CI: 0.925, 1.000) in identifying CIN 8 hours after iomeprol administration. Regression analysis showed that NGAL independently predicted CIN. Administration of N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, or physiologic saline did not influence NGAL level. CONCLUSION NGAL depicted CIN in patients who received iodinated contrast material within 8 hours of contrast material administration. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL http://radiology.rsna. org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120578/-/DC1.
Super-linear time-space tradeoff lower bounds for randomized computation

We prove the first time-space lower bound tradeoffs for randomized computation of decision problems. The bounds hold even in the case that the computation is allowed to have arbitrary probability of error on a small fraction of inputs. Our techniques are an extension of those used by M. Ajtai (1999) in his time-space tradeoffs for deterministic RAM algorithms computing element distinctness and for deterministic Boolean branching programs computing an explicit function based on quadratic forms over GF(2). Our results also give a quantitative improvement over those given by Ajtai. Ajtai shows, for certain specific functions, that any branching program using space S=o(n) requires time T that is superlinear. The functional form of the superlinear bound is not given in his paper, but optimizing the parameters in his arguments gives T= /spl Omega/(n log log n/log log log n) for S=0(n/sup 1-/spl epsiv//). For the same functions considered by Ajtai, we prove a time-space tradeoff of the form T=/spl Omega/(n/spl radic/(log(n/S)/log log(n/S))). In particular for space 0(n/sup 1-/spl epsiv//), this improves the lower bound on time to /spl Omega/(n/spl radic/(log n/log log n)).
A Survey Of Sign Based Image Copy Detection Methods

The world wide web is filled with billions of images and redundant copies of images can frequently be found on many websites. These duplicates can be exact copies or differ slightly in their visual content. To assure privacy it is mandatory to preserve copyright verification, image-content identification, copy detection and authentication. This paper provides a comparative study on how content-based image copy detection methods are used to detect the copy of original image. The methods based on content based copy detection which includes signs of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT), color histograms, by using concept of dual signature are presented.
A novel single event upset hardened CMOS SRAM cell

This paper presents an improved design of a radiation-hardened static random access memory (SRAM). The simulation results based on the 0. 18µm standard digital CMOS technology show that its static current drops dramatically compared with the WHIT cell, and the write speed is equivalent to that of other cells. The memory cell is extremely tolerant to logic upset as it does not flip even for a transient pulse with 100 times the critical charge of the ROCK cell. According to these features, this novel cell suits high reliability applications, such as aerospace and military.
Survival of Helicobacter pylori in water and saline.

Congenital malaria is rare in Britain. We report uniovular twins, only one of whom developed congenital Plasmodium vivax infection. A healthy primigravid woman delivered full term twins four months after her arrival in England from India. The delivery was normal, and the placenta was undamaged and consistent with a monozygotic pregnancy. Haemoglobin estimations at birth suggested a twin-to-twin transfusion (18-0 g/dl and 26-5 g/dl for twins I and II, respectively). Twin II therefore had one third of her blood volume exchanged with plasma protein fraction; thereafter her progress was uneventful. When reviewed one month later, the mother and both twins had no fever and physical examination showed no abnormal physical signs. Repeat estimates of haemoglobin concentration were 7 5 g/dl (twin I) and 13-0 g/dl (twin II). Trophozoites and gametocytes of Plasmodium vivax were observed on the blood film of twin I (parasitaemia 03%) but not in repeated thick and thin blood films from Twin II. Scanty infestation with Plasmodium vivax was also present in the mother (thick film only). (These findings were later confirmed by the Malaria Reference Laboratory at the Hospital for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.) IgM antimalarial antibodies were detected in serum from twin I but not from twin II (table), consistent with congenital infection in the former; IgG antibodies, presumably of transplacental origin, were present in both. Chloroquine was administered to the mother and both twins (10 mg base/kg initially, repeated after six hours, and then daily for five days), and all three were well when reviewed three months later. Since 1980, less than 20 cases of congenitally acquired malaria have been reported in Britain. A case of congenital malaria has previously been described in the second-born of non-identical twins'; premature placental separation was implicated. We believe ours to be the first reported case ofcongenital malaria in one of a pair of identical twins. As both twins were probably exposed to Plasmodium vivax during birth, the exchange transfusion of the second twin may have removed infected erythrocytes and thus protected against the development of clinically important parasitaemia. It seemed reasonable to suppose that both twins could be infected,
Mean Response Time Estimation for HTTP over SCTP in Wireless Environment

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) are usually used to retrieve objects in the Internet. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) has attractive multi-streaming feature, which allows for independent delivery among streams, thus can avoid the head-of-line blocking experienced by TCP and reduce the mean response time of users. We present an analytical model and algorithm to estimate the mean response time for HTTP over SCTP and compare with that of HTTP over TCP in the wireless environment. We validate the accuracy of our model using experiments. It is shown that mean response time for HTTP over SCTP is less than that for HTTP over TCP by 20% on average.
MicroRNA miR-155 Is Necessary for Efficient Gammaherpesvirus Reactivation from Latency, but Not for Establishment of Latency

ABSTRACT MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) has been shown to play significant roles in the immune response, including in the formation of germinal centers (GC) and the development and maturation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. There is in vitro evidence to support a critical role for cellular miR-155 and viral miR-155 homologs in the establishment of gammaherpesvirus latency in B cells. We sought to determine the contribution of miR-155 to the establishment and maintenance of latency in vivo using murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV-68) infection. MHV-68-infected mice deficient in miR-155 exhibited decreases in GC B cells and Tfh cells. However, the frequencies of spleen cells harboring latent MHV-68 genomes were the same in both miR-155-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Similar latent loads were also observed in mixed bone marrow chimeric mice, where B cell-extrinsic effects of miR-155 deficiency were normalized. Interestingly, we observed markedly lower efficiency of reactivation from latency in miR-155-deficient cells, indicating an important role for miR-155 in this process. These in vivo data complement previous in vitro studies and lead to the conclusion that miR-155 is not necessary for the establishment or maintenance of gammaherpesvirus latency but that it does affect reactivation efficiency. IMPORTANCE Gammaherpesvirus infection leads to severe disease in immunosuppressed populations. miR-155 has been shown to play important roles in many pathological processes, including tumorigenesis and diseases caused by an overly aggressive immune response. Our work provides valuable in vivo data showing that miR-155 is dispensable for gammaherpesvirus latency but that it is critical for reactivation from latency, which is a crucial step in the viral life cycle.
Survey of different IDS using honeytoken based techniques to mitigate cyber threats

Intrusion detection system using honeypot being increasingly used technique for intrusion detection and recovery of data disrupted by intruders. This paper presents survey of intrusion detection system with different honeypot techniques, which are mostly useful to identify zero day phishing attack are listed in table. We focus on the basic ideas based on network security tools such as firewalls, IDS, IDS using honeypots and honeytokens which plays an important role in finding out source of attack, types of attack and provide the result as signature to the attack investigators to prevent same kind of attacks in future.
Recovery of visual search following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

Introduction: Deficits in attentional abilities can significantly impact rehabilitation and recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the nature and recovery of preattentive (parallel) and attentive (serial) visual search abilities after TBI. Method: Participants were 40 individuals with moderate to severe TBI who were tested following emergence from posttraumatic amnesia and approximately 8 months post injury, as well as 40 age- and education-matched controls. Preattentive (automatic) and attentive (controlled) visual search situations were created by manipulating the saliency of the target item amongst distractor items in visual displays. The relationship between preattentive and attentive visual search rates and follow-up community integration were also explored. Results: The results revealed intact parallel (automatic) processing skills in the TBI group both postacutely and at follow-up. In contrast, when attentional demands on visual search were increased by reducing the saliency of the target, the TBI group demonstrated poorer performances than the control group both postacutely and 8 months post injury. Neither preattentive nor attentive visual search slope values correlated with follow-up community integration. Conclusions: These results suggest that utilizing intact preattentive visual search skills during rehabilitation may help to reduce high mental workload situations, thereby improving the rehabilitation process. For example, making commonly used objects more salient in the environment should increase reliance or more automatic visual search processes and reduce visual search time for individuals with TBI.
The aetiological role of human papillomavirus in colorectal carcinoma: an Iranian population- based case control study.

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and the association between HPV infection and genital cancers has been well established. This study concerned the possible role of HPV infection in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in the Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 80 tissues obtained from patients with colorectal cancer consisting of 58 colon cancer samples and 22 rectal cancer samples and 80 tissues from patients with unremarkable pathologic changes as matched controls by sex, study center and anatomical sites. HPV infection and genotypes were detected using nested PCR and sequencing methods, respectively. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 5/80 (6.25%) cases including 1 of 22 (4.54%) patients with rectum cancer and 4 of 58 (6.9%) patients with colon cancer and 1/80 (1.25%) of controls. Furthermore, HPV-18 was detected as the most frequent type and we found no significant correlation between prevalence of HPV infection and anatomical sub- sites. CONCLUSIONS Although a causal relation between human papillomavirus and colorectal cancer was not found through this study, analysis of medical records pointed to a possible role for high- risk types of HPV in increasing the potential of aggressiveness in colorectal cancer. This study shows a particular frequency of HPV genotypes in patients with colorectal cancer in Iran. Since HPV vaccines are limited to a few types of virus, using cohort studies in different geographical zones to screen for patterns of HPV infection in different organs might increase the efficacy and optimization of the current vaccines.
Aspectos que limitan la producción del maíz blanco gigante Cusco

This research identifies major barriers that limit the production of giant white corn in Cusco. This research was done using a qualitative approach; it is descriptive and transactional, with data collection during the second semester of 2014, conducting 27 interviews were addressed to the Sacred Valley farmers in the provinces of Calca and Urubamba, Cusco region. The results show that the main limitations it is affecting all crops and especially the Cusco giant white corn, according to respondents they are: (a) the constant change of climate, (b) the presence of smallholdings (c) shortage of qualified human resources, (d) water shortages, (e) inadequate government support, (f) the limited use to technology for culture (g) lack of access to adequate funding, (h) the increase of diseases and pests, and finally (i) lack of fertilizers. It is concluded that the lack of access to credit and the existence of small farms are the main constraints for the production of giant Cusco white corn, so the association of producers of the Sacred Valley is recommended so that they can improve access to credit, access to private and state agencies to improve irrigation infrastructure.
The Adaptor Protein AP-3 Is Required for CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation of Glycosphingolipids and Development of Vα14i NKT Cells

Relatively little is known about the pathway leading to the presentation of glycolipids by CD1 molecules. Here we show that the adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3) is required for the efficient presentation of glycolipid antigens that require internalization and processing. AP-3 interacts with mouse CD1d, and cells from mice deficient for AP-3 have increased cell surface levels of CD1d and decreased expression in late endosomes. Spleen cells from AP-3–deficient mice have a reduced ability to present glycolipids to natural killer T (NKT) cells. Furthermore, AP-3–deficient mice have a significantly reduced NKT cell population, although this is not caused by self-tolerance that might result from increased CD1d surface levels. These data suggest that the generation of the endogenous ligand that selects NKT cells may also be AP-3 dependent. However, the function of MHC class II–reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes is not altered by AP-3 deficiency. Consistent with this divergence from the class II pathway, NKT cell development and antigen presentation by CD1d are not reduced by invariant chain deficiency. These data demonstrate that the AP-3 requirement is a particular attribute of the CD1d pathway in mice and that, although MHC class II molecules and CD1d are both found in late endosomes or lysosomes, different pathways mediate their intracellular trafficking.
TokenRNA: A New Type of Sequence‐Specific, Label‐Free Fluorescent Biosensor for Folded RNA Molecules

aptamers; biosensors; fluorescence; paranemic; RNA recognition; tokenRNAFluorescent reporters are highly sensitive, nonperturbing, and convenient probes for biologicalstudies. Current techniques for recognition of specific nucleic acid sequences usually requirecomplementary hybridization to chemically modified probes. [1] Optimal fluorescentbiosensors should rapidly signal the presence of a specific analyte with high selectivity andhigh contrast. Recently, a number of label-free, fluorescent bio-indicators have been reportedincluding aptamer-based riboswitches as sensors for cofactors,[2] aptamer-based proteinsensors,[3] and chimeric aptamers, in which the recognition domain binding the target wascoupled to an aptamer that binds a fluorophore in such a way that the presence of the targetincreases the affinity of the bioindicator for the fluorophore. [ 4,5] When the emission yields ofthe fluorophore in its bound and free states differ, this provides a binary sensor withnonperturbing optical recognition.It is desirable to detect macromolecular analytes (for example, structured RNA molecules) intheir native environment without having to denature or unfold them. In this work, wedemonstrate a technique for sensitive, label-free, real-time sequence-specific recognition ofprefolded RNA sequences. We use RNA constructs designed to form an aptameric pocket forthe fluorophore upon programmable paranemic binding to a specific prefolded analyte RNAsequence. We call these constructs paranemic “token RNAs”. We chose the triphenylmethane dye, Malachite Green (MG), as the fluorescent reporter becausein its unbound state in water solution it exhibits extremely low fluorescence quantum yieldfrom the S1 excited state because of efficient internal conversion. [ 6,7] The emission of the dyeincreases substantially when the nonradiative relaxation channels from S1 are shut down.Whereas the detailed underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are still being debated,[7–9] related studies show that “rigidifying” the dye by placing it in a highly viscous environmentor in a binding cage increases its emission dramatically. [ 7] For instance, it was reported recentlythat the emission of MG increases by several orders of magnitude upon binding to an RNAaptamer obtained by in vitro selection (SELEX). [8,10] This aptamer has also been used as areporter for ATP recognition[4] and to perform real-time fluorescent monitoring of single-stranded DNA molecules. [11] The DNA detection was based on the separation of the MGaptamer into two strands, each of which is linked to a nucleic acid arm complementary to one