Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Career Orientations of R&D Professionals in Korea

This study empirically examined the relationships between career orientations of R&D professionals in Korea and other personal characteristics such as demographic factors, work-related outcomes, and reward preferences. The results, based on the survey about 1,240 technical people in 15 R&D organizations, revealed five distinctive and independent career orientations: technical, manager, project, technical transfer, and entrepreneurial orientations. The career orientations of R&D professionals are found to be different between private and public sectors and to be associated with their education level and organizational tenure. It is also observed that R&D professionals with different career orientations exhibit different work-related outcomes and reward preferences. For instance, technical-oriented professionals tend to be more educated, to exhibit better job attitudes and technical performances, and to favor professional rewards. While those with manager and transfer orientations are longer-tenured, have more positive job attitudes but lower technical performances, and prefer social status and prestige and career rewards in their organization. Both project- and entrepreneur-oriented professionals exhibit a less positive attitude toward their organizations, but seek different reward schemes: the former pursues challenging R&D projects with autonomy and the latter favors financial returns. Finally, the implications of these findings for managing careers of R&D professionals are discussed.
The End of the Ghent System as Trade Union Recruitment Machinery?

During the past 15 years, membership rates in many unions have been declining in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. Reasons for this decline may be similar to what has happened in other countries - occupational change and neoliberal ideology and policies - but in the three Ghent countries, changes in the unemployment insurance system may also have affected trade union membership losses. The major part of the decline has taken place in a period of low unemployment, which may have reduced the employee incentive to take unemployment insurance, but will increasing unemployment rates mean more trade union members? At least for the LO- and SAK-affiliated trade unions, it seems that trade union independent unemployment funds may be alternatives for workers who take unemployment insurance.
International evidence on alternative models of the term structure of volatilities

The term structure of instantaneous volatilities (TSV) of forward rates for different monetary areas (euro, U.S. dollar and British pound) is examined using daily data from at‐the‐money cap markets. During the sample period (two and a half years), the TSV experienced severe changes both in level and shape. Two new functional forms of the instantaneous volatility of forward rates are proposed and tested within the LIBOR Market Model framework. Two other alternatives are calibrated and used as benchmarks to test the accuracy of the new models. The two new models provide more flexibility to adequately calibrate the observed cap prices, although this improved accuracy in replicating cap prices produces some instability in parameter estimates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:653–683, 2009
Improved detection of second primary cancer using integrated [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography for initial tumor staging.

PURPOSE This study evaluated prospectively the value of integrated whole-body positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in detecting a second primary cancer at the time of the initial staging in comparison with a conventional staging work-up (CSW). METHODS The participants were 547 patients diagnosed with cancer who underwent FDG PET/CT imaging for the initial staging. An additional diagnostic evaluation was performed when there were abnormal findings indicative of a second primary cancer on either PET/CT or CSW considering the site and the biologic behavior of the alleged primary tumor. RESULTS A total of 27 second primary malignant tumors were identified in 26 of the 547 patients (4.8%). FDG PET/CT found 45 lesions indicative of a second primary cancer, of which 24 lesions were proved to be a second primary cancer, seven were clinically unexpected metastases, and 14 lesions were benign. Therefore, sensitivity and positive predictive value of FDG PET/CT in detecting a second primary cancer or an unexpected metastasis were 91% (31 of 34) and 69% (31 of 45), respectively. In contrast, CSW could not identify 16 second primary cancers and one metastatic lesion. CONCLUSION FDG PET/CT at the time of the initial staging is useful for screening a second primary cancer with a high sensitivity. An additional diagnostic work-up is essential when abnormal findings, which are indicative of a second primary cancer, are obtained on PET/CT images to rule out the presence of either a second primary cancer or an unexpected metastasis.
Syndrome of continuous muscle‐fiber activity

In a patient with a syndrome of continuous muscle fiber activity, peripheral nerve block completely abolished the EMG discharges. Reduction of spontaneous discharges by epidural block and demonstration of a silent period after the H response suggested that the disorder may originate in the spinal cord or ventral roots, sparing inhibitory influences on the alpha-motoneuron to some extent. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) content in CSF was remarkably increased. Therapeutically, dantrolene sodium was as effective as phenytoin or carbamazepine.
The Partnership for Modernisation Through the Three Level-of-Analysis Perspectives

Abstract This contribution suggests analysing European Union (EU)–Russian relations from three level-of-analysis perspectives. The structural one describes interrelations between the EU and its member states. The institutional perspective concentrates on the interplay of intergovernmental, transgovernmental, and transnational levels. The thematic perspective differentiates between values and concepts, policy-specific goals and implementation instruments. Together the three perspectives create a new methodological approach for the study of EU–Russian relations. The analysis of the EU–Russian Partnership for Modernisation (P4M) illustrates its rigour. The approach demonstrates how P4M is reinforced at the level of EU member states. It reveals how the transgovernmental and transnational levels have developed, changing the quality of EU–Russian relations. Finally, it illustrates that the P4M has brought a thematic change in favour of policy-specific cooperation.
Parental Earnings and Children's Well‐Being: An Analysis of the Survey of Income and Program Participation Matched to Social Security Administration Earnings Data

We estimate the association between parental earnings and child well‐being using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to Social Security Administration earnings records. We use very large samples on a wide variety of measures of child well‐being that are also linked to long histories of parent earnings from administrative records. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the use of longer time averages of parent earnings leads to substantially higher estimated associations compared to using only a single year of parent earnings. Using 7‐year time averages of parent earnings, we show, for example, that a doubling of parent earnings is associated with a reduced probability of a teenager reporting being in poor health by close to 50% and a decrease in the likelihood of a child repeating a grade by 39%. We also examine how the associations vary by the timing of when parental earnings are received during childhood. We find suggestive evidence that parental earnings received during the child's school‐going years (ages 6 to 17) are more strongly associated with college enrollment and children's future earnings as adults than parent earnings received earlier or later in the child's life.
Metabolism of phenol in the terrestrial snail Cepaea nemoralis L.

1. The metabolism of phenol in the terrestrial snail Cepaea nemoralis was studied after injection into the haemocoel of the dorsolateral foot region. 2. Excreted metabolites, and metabolites extracted from the body, were analysed by h.p.l.c. In addition to phenyl beta-D-glucoside, arbutine (quinol beta-D-glucoside), a new conjugate of phenol, was detected.
Bistable resistive switching in hafnium-silicate thin films

We report on the resistive switching mechanism of dc magnetron sputtered hafnium-silicates (HfxSi1−xO2) memory thin films. It is observed that the electroforming of these films depends on the thickness and stoichiometry of the insulator as well as on the size of the top electrode (TE). Both high-conducting state (ON) and low-conducting state (OFF) are non-polar and stable. The ratio of resistance of the ON and the OFF state is greater than 103. Both states, performed by dc voltage sweeping and applying short pulses, are stable over 104s at a read out voltage of 0.2V at 85°C, which are all essential properties for further resistive random access memory (RRAM) applications.
The United States: The Privatization of Real Estate Related Public Goods and Services in the United States

During the last three decades the privatization or outsourcing of what has traditionally been considered public goods and services has become commonplace. Privatization, however, is not a monolithic concept, and encompasses many different and some newly emerging delivery systems. This study provides an overview of the current status of privatization in the U.S. as we move into the new millennium. Although the survey data discussed in this paper reveals that privatization is continuing to expand, the rate of privatization activity in the U.S. appears to have slowed from the levels reported in earlier studies. While the principal motive for outsourcing remains cost containment, there is increasing concern being expressed about the true cost of privatization. While past experience with outsourcing suggests that government officials are relatively satisfied with the results, the surveys also reveal room for improvement. Insuring the quality and the effectiveness of privatization will probably require greater monitoring and compliance activities on the part of government authorities, which will raise costs. Studies of outsourced public housing projects suggest that operating costs can be reduced without a significant loss in the quality of services. This does not mean, however, that citizens always benefit from privatization or that outsourcing is always the best course of action. This study also suggests that the quality of public service delivery systems can be improved when government agencies compete against the private sector for the right to continue delivering governmental services. In other cases, franchising, vouchers, and subsidies may prove more effective.
Band-pass filters with self-filtering resonators: a solution to control spurious resonances

We propose original procedures for the design of high performance filters with simultaneously controlled band-pass and band-reject responses. The resonators are described as self-filtering structures and contribute to the in-band and out-of-band transfer function. The control is achieved either by specifying the resonators' synchronization, or by inserting low-pass structures inside resonators.
The Effect of the Medicaid Program on Welfare Participation and Labor Supply

Although there is a large literature on the effect of AFDC and Food Stamps on labor supply and welfare participation, there has been little work on the effects of Medicaid, despite its importance in the O.S. transfer system. In this paper we use 1986 data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine the effect of Medicaid on the labor supply and welfare participation decisions of female heads of family. A key contribution is the development of a family-specific proxy for the valuation of Medicaid benefits which depends upon the health and other characteristics of the family. We find that Medicaid has strong and significant effects on labor supply and welfare participation that are negative and positive in sign, respectively, but which are concentrated in the tail of the distribution with the highest expected medical expenditures. We also find that the availability and level of private health insurance have very large effects opposite in sign to those of Medicaid.
Specificity and detection of insulin-reactive CD4+ T cells in type 1 diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse

In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D), an insulin peptide (B:9–23) is a major target for pathogenic CD4+ T cells. However, there is no consensus on the relative importance of the various positions or “registers” this peptide can take when bound in the groove of the NOD MHCII molecule, IAg7. This has hindered structural studies and the tracking of the relevant T cells in vivo with fluorescent peptide-MHCII tetramers. Using mutated B:9–23 peptides and methods for trapping the peptide in particular registers, we show that most, if not all, NOD CD4+ T cells react to B:9–23 bound in low-affinity register 3. However, these T cells can be divided into two types depending on whether their response is improved or inhibited by substituting a glycine for the B:21 glutamic acid at the p8 position of the peptide. On the basis of these findings, we constructed a set of fluorescent insulin-IAg7 tetramers that bind to most insulin-specific T-cell clones tested. A mixture of these tetramers detected a high frequency of B:9–23-reactive CD4+ T cells in the pancreases of prediabetic NOD mice. Our data are consistent with the idea that, within the pancreas, unique processing of insulin generates truncated peptides that lack or contain the B:21 glutamic acid. In the thymus, the absence of this type of processing combined with the low affinity of B:9–23 binding to IAg7 in register 3 may explain the escape of insulin-specific CD4+ T cells from the mechanisms that usually eliminate self-reactive T cells.
Clinical evaluation of small-diameter implants in single-tooth and multiple-implant restorations: a 7-year retrospective study.

PURPOSE Placement of small-diameter implants often provides a solution to space-related problems in implant restoration. This 7-year retrospective study presents results from 192 small-diameter implants placed in 165 patients from 1992 to 1996. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dental records of each patient were reviewed. The implants, which were either 2.9 mm or 3.25 mm in diameter, were placed by 2 different surgeons. All prosthetic appliances were fabricated by the same prosthodontist. Ninety-four implants supported single-tooth cemented restorations; the remaining 98 implants supported cemented or screw-retained partial prostheses. RESULTS The total implant survival rate was 95.3%. Four implants were lost at second-stage surgery, and 5 more were lost after loading. DISCUSSION Small-diameter implants demonstrated a survival rate similar to those reported in previous studies of standard-size implants. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that small-diameter implants can be successfully included in implant treatment. They may be preferable in cases where space is limited.
Research Methods for Examining Independence Issues: Experimental and Economics‐of‐Auditing Approaches

Recent corporate failures in Australia and overseas have led many to question both the perceived and actual independence of auditors. We believe that it is unlikely that there is a general lack of independence among auditors or, at the other extreme, that there have been no breaches of independence. We suggest the need for research on factors that affect lack of actual independence. Research is also required on what factors affect independence as perceived by users of accounting reports. This paper outlines the research methods issues in the design of such studies.
Cross-Priming of T Cell Responses by Synthetic Microspheres Carrying a CD8+ T Cell Epitope Requires an Adjuvant Signal1

Controlling the cross-presentation of exogenous Ags to CD8+ T cells represents a major step for designing new vaccination strategies. Whereas several recombinant pseudo-viral particles have been used as delivery systems for triggering potent CTL responses to heterologous exogenous Ags, the adjuvant properties of virus-like particles (VLPs) themselves were little questioned. Here, we analyzed the contribution of the porcine parvovirus (PPV)-VLPs to the induction of protective cellular responses to exogenous Ags carried by an independent delivery system. Microspheres, which are known to transfer exogenous Ags into the MHC class I pathway, were chosen for delivering the immunodominant OVA257–264 CD8+ T cell epitope (B-OVAp). This delivery system fulfills the requirements in terms of cross-presentation, but fails to induce cross-priming of specific CD8+ T cells. Coinjection of PPV-VLPs with B-OVAp results in the priming of potent CTL responses and type 1-biased immunity in a CD4- and CD40-independent manner, as efficiently as the recombinant PPV-VLPs carrying the same epitope (PPV-OVAp). Furthermore, vaccination with PPV-VLPs and B-OVAp was fully efficient to protect mice against the development of OVA-bearing melanoma. These findings indicate that PPV-VLPs act not only as a delivery system but also as a strong adjuvant when independently provided with exogenous Ag. Thus, dissociation between delivery system and adjuvant would provide a more flexible and reliable system to induce potent and protective CTL.
First things first: sustaining political will for public governance change

This revised text of the Braibant lecture delivered in Helsinki addresses the widely shared difficulty of creating enough political will to reform public institutions, before crisis strikes and not after, and then to sustain the reforms through to completion. There is virtually no incentive for politicians or governments to do this: interests (including the administration itself) will most likely be hostile; meaningful change is only measured in years; few votes can be won. Yet the complex problems faced today by both individual countries and at planetary level, summarized in the beginning of the article, are so serious that it is vital to find ways to alleviate this difficulty without which all public policies and programmes suffer. The principal means must be much sharper and more articulately organized pressures for change so as to make it politically inconvenient to ignore them, and thus provide a genuine incentive to act. Nine propositions are made. Points for practitioners There are no obvious answers to the problem of getting the sustained interest of the political class to prosecute reform of public governance. Can sharper pressures along with the necessary fora and processes be developed? The difficulty is compounded by the trend to cynicism and outright dismissal as regards public authorities. On the other hand, the growing perception of dramatic problems shared across the planet introduces a potential for new institutional initiatives, mobilization of external groupings, incentive structures or attitude changes. As one example, could the trend to independent, more transparent responsibilities in such domains as monetary or fiscal policy be relevant?
Employee-friendly labour time: a key element to a sustainable pattern of production and consumption

Whereas the preferences of consumers are a cornerstone of market economies, the preferences of employees, e.g., regarding the preferred amount of paid labour, usually are not. However, we have strong evidence that differences between aspired and actually worked weekly hours have a serious negative impact on life, job and health satisfaction. This paper investigates the gap between employees' preferences and the realities by means of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) 2004 data. The central question analysed is, How many hours would one like to work, taking into account that earnings would change accordingly? A majority of German employees desired a reduction and only a small minority preferred an enlargement. By combining both effects, more than 2.4 million additional employees could have been statistically brought into work again, satisfaction would have been improved and consumerism somewhat mellowed. And, since mainly persons with children wanted to reduce their working hours, family life would have gained significantly.
Risk Aversion and Practical Expected Value: A Simulation of the St. Petersburg Game

Daniel Bernoulli 's classic St. Petersburg paradox is revisited in an attempt to resolve the intriguing issue; how should individual risk preference be differentiated? The authors argue that, unlike what is implied by the paradox, the fact that no person would pay a large sum of money in order to win a large payoff with a very small probability does not imply that all individuals are risk averse. The authors design a large-sample experimental test where the St. Petersburg game is simulated. The simulation results imply that the mathematical expectation of uncertain outcomes is not realized when associated with asymptotically diminishing probabilities. In such a case, it appears that there exists a "practical expected value " that is different from the theoretical expected value. The former, not the latter, must be used to determine individuals 'attitude toward risk.
Measures of mutual and causal dependence between two time series

New measures are proposed for mutual and causal dependence between two time series, based on information theoretical ideas. The measure of mutual dependence is shown to be the sum of the measure of unidirectional causal dependence from the first time series to the second, the measure of unidirectional causal dependence from the second to the first, and the measure of instantaneous causal dependence. The measures are applicable to any kind of time series: continuous, discrete, or categorical.
SCHOOLING IN INDONESIA: CRISIS-RELATED AND LONGER-TERM ISSUES

Though Indonesia had been making considerable progress in expanding its education system before the economic crisis broke in 1997, 30% of children were still failing to complete primary school,and the quality of education was far from satisfactory. The economic crisis threatened to lead to massive dropout, and social safety net programs were therefore introduced. This paper outlines issues facing primary and secondary education before and during the crisis, assesses the extent to which the social safety net programs have helped to limit dropout, and discusses longer-term issues in achieving the goal of nine years' universal basic education, raising educational quality and achieving increased equity of access.
Model of Welfare Capitalism? The United States Rubber Company in Southeast Asia, 1910–1942

Welfare capitalism, the management ethos adopted by American business leaders in the early twentieth century, emphasizes the role of business rather than trade unions or government in taking care of its workers. This article focuses on the reasons why the United States Rubber Company (USRC), one of the four largest U.S. rubber manufacturers, promoted welfare capitalism at its rubber plantations on the east coast of Sumatra and Malaya between 1910 and 1942. In addition, this study assesses the development of USRC's system of welfare in the areas of housing, profit sharing, pension plans, health care, and recreation. This article argues that USRC's intention was not to forestall unionization (the intention of U.S.-based companies in adopting welfare capitalism), as union formation in Southeast Asia during that period was very unlikely, but to overcome labor shortages and high turnover rates and to ensure labor stability. With reduced labor costs, the availability of financial resources allowed for technical innovations and R & D, which ultimately would lead to increased productivity.