Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADAPTIVE DATA HIDING APPROACH FOR TRUE COLOR IMAGE USING RANDOMIZATION TECHNIQUE

— In today’s scenario of internet world, hiding data with security is the highly challenging and desirable task. There are large numbers of techniques available which are capable of hiding data in cover media. The purpose of this research work is to develop a novel, secure and high capacity data hiding technique in 24 bit true color image. This novel approach uses pixels of 24 bit true color image to hide secret message. The proposed approach is adaptive and according to size of data it decides best possible technique to hide data in true color image. The developed technique applies multiple security mechanisms using randomization and data hiding methods. The major focus in this proposed work is to hide more data with higher security in cover media. In this approach the pixels that are going to contain the data are selected randomly based on the random key. At the receiving end it is difficult to retrieve secret data without secret key. The main advantages of proposed approach are: First it is adaptive, i.e. depending upon the data size, it automatically decides the best technique for hiding. Second it is secure due to randomization in the pixel and channel selection. Third it provides high capacity for hiding data in cover image.
International Journal of Computer Science and Technology 709

This paper presents a brief survey on Speech Recognition and discusses the major themes and advances made in the past 60 years of research, so as to provide a technological perspective and an appreciation of the fundamental progress that has been accomplished in this important area of speech communication. After years of research and development the accuracy of automatic speech recognition remains one of the important research challenges e.g. variations of the context, speakers, and environment). The design of Speech Recognition system requires careful attentions to the following issues: Definition of various types of speech classes, speech representation, feature extraction techniques, speech classifiers, and database and performance evaluation. The problems that are existing in ASR and the various techniques to solve these problems constructed by various research workers have been presented in a chronological order. Hence authors hope that this work shall be a contribution in the area of speech recognition. The objective of this review paper is to summarize and compare me. Some of the well known methods used in various stages of speech recognition system and identify research topic and applications which are at the forefront of this exciting and challenging field.
Ketamine versus propofol for strabismus surgery in children

Purpose: To compare the effects of intravenous infusion of ketamine and propofol anesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery. Methods: Sixty pediatric patients aged 4–11 years were enrolled for the study. Patients in Group K were infused ketamine 1–3 mg/kg/hr (n = 30) and patients in Group P were infused with propofol 6–9 mg/kg/hr (n = 30). After giving fentanyl 1 μg/kg and rocuronium bromide 0.5 mg/kg, patients were intubated. Results: The consumption of anesthetics (P = 0.0001) and antiemetics (P = 0.004), the incidence of oculocardiac reflex (P = 0.02) in Group K were significantly lower than in Group P. The recovery time (P = 0.008), postoperative agitation score (P = 0.005), Face Pain Scale (P = 0.001), Ramsay Sedation Score (P = 0.01) during awakening and at postoperative 30th min (P = 0.02) in Group K were significantly lower than in Group P. The postoperative agitation score during awakening was significantly lower than the preoperative values in Group K (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The infusion of ketamine is more advantageous than the infusion of propofol in children for use in strabismus surgery.
A logical measure of progress for planning

Heuristic search planners are so far the most successful. Almost all use as their heuristic an estimate of the distance to a goal state. We formalize a <i>logical measure of progress</i>, defined as a predicate <i>P(x,s)</i> true of objects <i>x</i> at a situation <i>s</i>. Actions which increase <i>P</i>'s extension are guaranteed to move closer to a goal situation, so that <i>P</i> enables us to form plans without search. One example of a measure of progress is the concept of final position Used in BlocksWorld. It is not clear how to find a <i>P</i> for an arbitrary domain, so instead we identify three different classes of domains and conditions which allow us to construct a measure of progress.An <i>obvious P</i> will not deliver optimal plans, but it should encode plans which are "good enough" Our paradigm is entirely within first-order logic, allowing us to extend our results to concurrent domains and those containing non-trivial state constraints. It turns out <i>P</i> not only encodes goal orderings, but subgoal orderings. <i>P</i> also gives rise to a strategy function <i>a(s)</i> which can be used to create a universal (complete) teleo-reactive (TR) program. Given the fact that <i>P</i>-increasing actions will never require backtracking, this TR program can be a powerful on-line planner.
The J-shaped distribution of citedness

A new approach for investigating the correlation between research quality and citation counts is presented and applied to a case study of the relationship between peer evaluations reflected in scholarly book reviews and the citation frequencies of reviewed books. Results of the study designate a J‐shaped distribution between the considered variables, presumably caused by a skewed allocation of negative citations. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research.
Files are Siles: Extending File Systems with Semantic Annotations

With the increasing storage capacity of personal computing devices, the problems of information overload and information fragmentation are apparent on users' desktops. For the Web, semantic technologies solve this problem by adding a machine-interpretable information layer on top of existing resources. It has been shown that the application of these technologies to desktop environments is helpful for end users. However, certain characteristics of the Semantic Web architecture that are commonly accepted in the Web context are not desirable for desktops. To overcome these limitations, the authors propose the sile model, which combines characteristics of the Semantic Web and file systems. This model is a conceptual foundation for the Semantic Desktop and serves as underlying infrastructure on which applications and further services can be built. The authors present one service, a virtual file system based on siles, which allows users to semantically annotate files and directories and keeps full compatibility to traditional hierarchical file systems. The authors also discuss how Semantic Web vocabularies can be applied for meaningful annotation of files and present a prototypical implementation of the model and analyze the performance of typical access operations, both on the file system and metadata level.
Genetic engineering of Francisella tularensis LVS for use as a novel live vaccine platform against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections

Francisella tularensis LVS (Live Vaccine Strain) is an attenuated bacterium that has been used as a live vaccine. Patients immunized with this organism show a very long-term memory response (over 30 years post vaccination) evidenced by the presence of indicators of robust cell-mediated immunity. Because F. tularensis LVS is such a potent vaccine, we hypothesized that this organism would be an effective vaccine platform. First, we sought to determine if we could genetically modify this strain to produce protective antigens of a heterologous pathogen. Currently, there is not a licensed vaccine against the important opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Because many P. aeruginosa strains are also drug resistant, the need for effective vaccines is magnified. Here, F. tularensis LVS was genetically modified to express surface proteins PilAPa, OprFPa, and FliCPa of P. aeruginosa. Immunization of mice with LVS expressing the recombinant FliCPa led to a significant production of antibodies specific for P. aeruginosa. However, mice that had been immunized with LVS expressing PilAPa or OprFPa did not produce high levels of antibodies specific for P. aerugionsa. Therefore, the recombinant LVS strain engineered to produce FliCPa may be able to provide immune protection against a P. aeruginosa challenge. However for future use of this vaccine platform, selection of the appropriate recombinant antigen is critical as not all recombinant antigens expressed in this strain were immunogenic.
ECG Marker of Adverse Electrical Remodeling Post-Myocardial Infarction Predicts Outcomes in MADIT II Study

Background Post-myocardial infarction (MI) structural remodeling is characterized by left ventricular dilatation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy of the non-infarcted myocardium. Objective The goal of our study was to quantify post-MI electrical remodeling by measuring the sum absolute QRST integral (SAI QRST). We hypothesized that adverse electrical remodeling predicts outcomes in MADIT II study participants. Methods Baseline orthogonal ECGs of 750 MADIT II study participants (448 [59.7%] ICD arm) were analyzed. SAI QRST was measured as the arithmetic sum of absolute QRST integrals over all three orthogonal ECG leads. The primary endpoint was defined as sudden cardiac death (SCD) or sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation (VF) with appropriate ICD therapies. All-cause mortality served as a secondary endpoint. Results Adverse electrical remodeling in post-MI patients was characterized by wide QRS, increased magnitudes of spatial QRS and T vectors, J-point deviation, and QTc prolongation. In multivariable Cox regression analysis after adjustment for age, QRS duration, atrial fibrillation, New York Heart Association heart failure class and blood urea nitrogen, SAI QRST predicted SCD/VT/VF (HR 1.33 per 100 mV*ms (95%CI 1.11–1.59); P = 0.002), and all-cause death (HR 1.27 per 100 mV*ms (95%CI 1.03–1.55), P = 0.022) in both arms. No interaction with therapy arm and bundle branch block (BBB) status was found. Conclusions In MADIT II patients, increased SAI QRST is associated with increased risk of sustained VT/VF with appropriate ICD therapies and all-cause death in both ICD and in conventional medical therapy arms, and in patients with and without BBB. Further studies of SAI QRST are warranted.
Women's and Midwives' Perspectives on the Design of a Text Messaging Support for Maternal Obesity Services: An Exploratory Study

This study was aimed to explore women's and midwives' views on the use of mobile technology in supporting obese pregnant women with healthy lifestyle choices. A purposive sample of 14 women and midwives participated in four focus groups in Doncaster, UK. A content analysis of the transcripts from the first focus group led to the emergence of three main constructs with associated subcategories including Benefits (“modernising,” “motivating,” “reminding,” and “reducing” the sense of isolation), Risks and Limitations (possibility of “being offensive,” “creating pressure or guilt,” and “being influenced by mood”), and Service Delivery (making it “available to all pregnant women,” giving attention to the “message tone” and development of “message content”). They also suggested the use of other modalities such as web-based services for weight management during pregnancy. Based on the above results a text messaging service was developed and presented to the 2nd focus group participants who confirmed the positive views from the first focus group on the use of the text messaging as being supportive and informative. The participants also welcomed “women's engagement and choice” in deciding the content, timing and frequency of messages. The results informed the development of a text messaging service to support maternal obesity management. The implementation and acceptability of this service requires further investigation.
Reconstructing phylogenies and phenotypes: a molecular view of human evolution

This review broadly summarizes how molecular biology has contributed to our understanding of human evolution. Molecular anthropology began in the 1960s with immunological comparisons indicating that African apes and humans were closely related and, indeed, shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 million years ago. Although initially dismissed, this finding has proven robust and numerous lines of molecular evidence now firmly place the human‐ape divergence at 4–8 Ma. Resolving the trichotomy among humans, chimpanzees and gorillas took a few more decades. Despite the readily apparent physical similarities shared by African apes to the exclusion of modern humans (body hair, knuckle‐walking, thin tooth enamel), the molecular support for a human–chimpanzee clade is now overwhelming. More recently, whole genome sequencing and gene mapping have shifted the focus of molecular anthropology from phylogenetic analyses to phenotypic reconstruction and functional genomics. We are starting to identify the genetic basis of the morphological, physiological and behavioural traits that distinguish modern humans from apes and apes from other primates. Most notably, recent comparative genomic analyses strongly indicate that the marked differences between modern humans and chimpanzees are likely due more to changes in gene regulation than to modifications of the genes themselves, an idea first proposed over 30 years ago. Almost weekly, press releases describe newly identified genes and regulatory elements that seem to have undergone strong positive selection along the human lineage. Loci involved in speech (e.g. FOXP2), brain development (e.g. ASPM), and skull musculature (e.g. MYH16) have been of particular interest, but some surprising candidate loci (e.g. those involved in auditory capabilities) have emerged as well. Exciting new research avenues, such as the Neanderthal Genome Project, promise that molecular analyses will continue to provide novel insights about our evolution. Ultimately, however, these molecular findings can only be understood in light of data from field sites, morphology labs, and museum collections. Indeed, molecular anthropology depends on these sources for calibrating molecular clocks and placing genetic data within the context of key morphological and ecological transitions in human evolution.
A cross-sectional study on health-related knowledge and its predictors among Chinese vocational college students

Objectives This study sought to examine the level of health-related knowledge and its predictors among vocational college students in China. Study design A cross-sectional study. Methods A survey was performed to collect data on heath-related knowledge and potential risk factors among 708 students in four higher vocational colleges at Nanyang, Henan, China. Linear regression models were conducted to identify the predictors of the level of health-related knowledge. Results The level of health-related knowledge among Chinese vocational college students is extremely low (only 1.4% students have an adequate level of health-related knowledge). According to the multivariate analysis, major, year of class, place of origin and a mother's education level are significantly associated with health-related knowledge in Chinese vocational college students. Conclusions Health education and health promotion efforts are encouraged to improve the level of health-related knowledge in this population. Attention and efforts to improve health-related knowledge of Chinese vocational college students who come from rural areas, whose mothers have a lower level of education, who are in non-medicine majors and during the first few years of vocational college is warranted.
LSA BASED EXTRACTION OF SEMANTIC SIMILARITY FOR POLISH

A recently started project on building the Polish WordNet is the background to the presented work. Here, an initial approach to automatic extraction of semantic similarity relation between Polish lexemes is discussed. The approach follows directly the main lines of Latent Semantic Analysis, but it is modified in order to cope with the rich inflection of Polish and the lack of a corpus comparable with the one used in LSA. The achieved preliminary results are discussed and possible lines of further development are identified. The similarity relation is intended to be a part of a combined algorithm of extraction of wordnet relations.
Bringing Vygotskian Approach into Early Childhood Education in Indonesia: Empowering the Daycare

Studies and researches revealed the importance of early childhood education. Many theories of early human development have been developed and employed to provide better educational system in those early years. One of the prominent theories comes from Lev S. Vygotsky’s work. His theory, which is also known as the sociocultural theory, introduces several powerful ideas for understanding and facilitating young children’s development and learning. This paper will examine some of the ideas that have significant impacts on the early childhood educational system. Afterward, the paper will briefly explain about the early childhood system in Indonesia at the present time, including: (1) Short of the government policies and goals; (2) The type of early childhood services; and (3) The new curriculum (known as kurikulum 2013). Based on the examination, it will be evident that the Vygotskian perspectives are basically in accordance with the government’s vision. Furthermore, after examining the early childhood system in Indonesia, I suggest that daycare is the most appropriate form of early childhood services for promoting the Vygotskian approach, which will benefit most of the children
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ISLETS OF LANGERHANS

A partially purified secretory granule fraction, isolated from rat islets of Langerhans by differential centrifugation, was used for investigating the stability of the beta granules during incubation in various conditions. Effects of pH, temperature, and time were studied; the granules possessed optimal stability at 4° and pH 6.0, and could be solubilized at pH 4.0 or 8.5, or in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, but not by phospholipase c, ouabain, or alloxan. Incubation with glucose or some of its metabolites, or with tolbutamide, ATP, or cyclic 3',5'-AMP did not alter the stability of the beta granules Exogenous insulin-131I was not bound by the isolated granules under the conditions used; no specific insulin-degrading activity could be detected in subcellular fractions of the islets. These findings indicate that intracellular solubilization of the granules with subsequent diffusion of the insulin into the extracellular space is not a likely mode of insulin secretion in vivo, and suggest that a crystalline zinc-insulin complex may exist in the matrix of the beta granules.
Development of a Co-Simulation framework to analyse attacks and their impact on Smart Grids Entwicklung einer Co-Simulationsumgebung zur Analyse von Angriffen und deren Auswirkungen auf Smart Grids

Smart Grids are a new type of electrical grid combining traditional power networks with modern information and communication networks. Smart Grids meet the challenges of depleting fossil fuels and increasing energy demand by introducing a larger portion of renewable energy sources to the energy mix. Smart Grids utilize communication networks to provide high flexibility and reliability. For example, dynamic storage of energy generated from weather-dependent sources is necessary. As a result, components of power and communication networks have become increasingly more interconnected. This trend has lead to computer networks previously closed off from the outside world being connected to public networks. Security in those networks has been neglected during their isolation from other communication networks. This has implications on the security of supply since it creates new attack vectors for criminal individuals and organizations trying to disrupt the stability of the energy supply for personal gain. In order to demonstrate how power networks can be affected by attacks propagated though the underlying communication networks, we propose a security simulation framework. Existing simulation environments are integrated into a Communication and Power network Co-Simulation (CoPS). CoPS enables the definition of attacks on the data network of Smart Grids, the simulation of these attacks and the study of their impact on the energy distribution. Further, CoPS aims at assessing the broader effects of those attacks and, therefore, encompasses the domains private consumer and energy distribution. To show the feasibility of CoPS, two attacks are presented, one targeting the consumers in the Smart Grid and one the distribution network itself. The results show, that an attacker with access to the communication network is able to disrupt the energy distribution by forcing outages and therefore threatening the security of supply.
AutoLock: Why Cache Attacks on ARM Are Harder Than You Think

Attacks on the microarchitecture of modern processors have become a practical threat to security and privacy in desktop and cloud computing. Recently, cache attacks have successfully been demonstrated on ARM based mobile devices, suggesting they are as vulnerable as their desktop or server counterparts. In this work, we show that previous literature might have left an overly pessimistic conclusion of ARM's security as we unveil AutoLock: an internal performance enhancement found in inclusive cache levels of ARM processors that adversely affects Evict+Time, Prime+Probe, and Evict+Reload attacks. AutoLock's presence on system-on-chips (SoCs) is not publicly documented, yet knowing that it is implemented is vital to correctly assess the risk of cache attacks. We therefore provide a detailed description of the feature and propose three ways to detect its presence on actual SoCs. We illustrate how AutoLock impedes cross-core cache evictions, but show that its effect can also be compensated in a practical attack. Our findings highlight the intricacies of cache attacks on ARM and suggest that a fair and comprehensive vulnerability assessment requires an in-depth understanding of ARM's cache architectures and rigorous testing across a broad range of ARM based devices.
The Origin of Complex Behavior of Linearly Polarized Components in Parsec-Scale Jets

I briefly summarize the evidence that the magnetic fields of extragalactic jets have a significant fraction of their energy in a random component and construct a detailed model of evolving jet polarization structures based on this picture. The evolving magnetic field structure of an oblique shock complex that forms in a relativistic jet simulation is explored using velocity data from the hydrodynamical simulation to advect an initially random magnetic field distribution. Radiative transfer calculations reveal that emission from a propagating region of magnetic field, "ordered" by the shock and lying approximately transverse to the flow direction, merges with that from an evolving sheared region at the flow periphery. If such a flow were barely resolved, observation would suggest evolution from a somewhat oblique to a more longitudinal magnetic field structure with respect to the flow axis, while higher resolution observations would reveal a component following a nonlinear trajectory and with a magnetic field orientation that rotates during evolution. This result highlights the ambiguity in interpreting very long baseline polarimetry (VLBP) data and illustrates the importance of simulations in providing a framework for proper interpretation of such data.