Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noncontact Sensing Techniques for AI-Aided Structural Health Monitoring: A Systematic Review

Engineering structures and infrastructure continue to be used despite approaching or having reached their design lifetime. While contact-based measurement techniques are challenging to implement at a large scale and provide information at discrete locations only, noncontact methods are more user-friendly and offer accurate, robust, and continuous spatial information to quantify the structural conditions of the targeted systems. Advancements in optical sensors and image-processing algorithms increased the applicability of image-based noncontact techniques, such as photogrammetry, infrared thermography, and laser imaging for structural health monitoring (SHM). In addition, with the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, the assessment process is expedited and made more efficient. This article summarizes the efforts made in the last five years to leverage AI-aided noncontact sensing techniques for applications in SHM with an emphasis on image-based methods. Future directions to advance AI-aided image-based sensing techniques for SHM of engineering structures are also discussed.
Two New Species of the African Genus Discoclaoxylon (Claoxylinae: Euphorbiaceae) from Central Africa

Abstract. We describe here two new species of the African tropical genus Discoclaoxylon (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. (Euphorbiaceae), D. ikabangae O. Lachenaud and D. korupense Barberá & Quintanar. The former species is endemic to Gabon and is preliminarily assessed as “Endangered,” while the latter is endemic to Cameroon and is preliminarily assessed as “Vulnerable. ” Both species differ from the rest of the genus by their fruits, which are less strongly didymous and have the carpels connate for their whole length; D. ikabangae is further remarkable for its long stylar segments and D. korupense for its tall habit and leaves with subentire margins. A taxonomic treatment of these two new species, including their detailed descriptions, two illustrations, and information about their habitat, distributions, and preliminary IUCN conservation status are provided. In addition, we compare them with D. hexandrum (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. , the only known species of Discoclaoxylon inhabiting Central Africa so far, along with a table in which we include useful characters to distinguish these three species, and an identification key containing all the species of the genus.
Boundary element solution of thermal creeping flow in a nano single mixer

In order to employ continuum models in the analysis of the flow behaviour of a viscous Newtonian fluid in micro scale devices, it is necessary to consider at the wall surfaces appropriate slip boundary conditions instead of the classical non-slip condition. The slip behaviour in the case of micro fluid flow of rarefied gases is associated with the combined effect of reduction in momentum transfer due to the reduction in the number of molecules (shear creep) and the thermal creep or transpiration, which as a consequence of inequalities in temperatures, forces the fluid to slide over a surface from colder to hotter regions. In this work a boundary integral equation formulation for Stokes slip flow, based on the normal and tangential projection of the Green’s integral representational formulae for the Stokes velocity field, which directly incorporates into the integral equations the local tangential shear rate and heat flux at the wall surfaces, is presented. The tangential heat flux is evaluated in terms of the tangential gradient of the temperature integral representational formulae presenting singularity of the Cauchy type, which are removed by the use of an auxiliary field. These formulations are used to simulate a Single rotor mixer and analyze the combined effect of both shear and thermal creep effects over mixer performance.
Non-linear factorised dynamic shape and appearance models for facial expression analysis and tracking

Facial expressions exhibit non-linear shape and appearance deformations with variations in different people and expressions. The authors present a non-linear factorised shape and appearance model for facial expression analysis and tracking. The novel non-linear factorised generative model of facial expressions, using conceptual manifold embedding and empirical kernel maps, provides accurate facial expression shape and appearance. It preserves non-linear facial deformations based on the configuration, face style and expression type. The proposed model supports tasks, such as facial expression recognition, person identification and global and local facial motion tracking. Given a sequence of images, temporal embedding, expression type and person identification parameters are iteratively estimated for facial expression analysis. The authors combine global facial motion estimation and local facial deformation estimation for large global and subtle local facial motion tracking. The authors employ local facial motion deformation estimation using a thin-plate spline for subtle facial motion tracking. The global shape and appearance model provides appearance templates for the estimation of local deformation. Experimental results using Cohen-Kanade AU-coded facial expressions demonstrate facial expression recognition using estimated personal style parameter, and facial deformation tracking using global and local facial motion estimation.
IQ trajectories in autistic children through preadolescence

Abstract Background We extended our study of trajectories of intellectual development of autistic individuals in early (mean age 3 years; T1), and middle childhood (mean age 5 years, 7 months; T2) into later middle childhood/preadolescence (mean age 11 years, 6 months; T3) in the longitudinal Autism Phenome Project cohort. Participants included 373 autistic children (115 females). Methods Multivariate latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct IQ trajectory subgroups. Baseline and developmental course group differences and predictors of trajectory membership were assessed using linear mixed effects models for repeated measures with pairwise testing, multinomial logistic regression models, and sensitivity analyses. Results We isolated three IQ trajectory groups between T1 and T3 for autistic youth that were similar to those found in our prior work. These included a group with persistent intellectual disability (ID; 45%), a group with substantial increases in IQ (CHG; 39%), and a group with persistently average or above IQs (P‐High; 16%). By T3, the groups did not differ in ADOS‐2 calibrated severity scores (CSS), and there were no group differences between Vineland (VABS) communication scores in CHG and P‐High. T1‐T3 externalizing behaviors declined significantly for CHG, however, there were no significant T3 group differences between internalizing or externalizing symptoms. T1 correlates for CHG and P‐High versus ID group membership included higher VABS communication and lower ADOS‐2 CSS. A T1 to T2 increase in VABS communication scores and a decline in externalizing predicted CHG versus ID group membership, while T1 to T2 improvement in VABS communication and reduction in ADOS‐2 CSS predicted P‐High versus ID group membership. Conclusions Autistic youth exhibit consistent IQ developmental trajectories from early childhood through preadolescence. Factors associated with trajectory group membership may provide clues about prognosis, and the need for treatments that improve adaptive communication and externalizing symptoms.
TCAD performance analysis of a symmetrical double gate non-aligned junction FET device with high and low dielectric gate oxide in sub-100 nm regime

ABSTRACT This paper presents 2D-Sentaurus TCAD tool results of a Non-aligned Double Gate Junction N-Channel Field Effect Transistor (NADGNFET) device; the response analysis of device to gate oxide dielectric materials, i.e. silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hafnium dioxide (HfO2), is also presented. The NADGNFET in 90 nm device length is the proposal of this work to improve the second-order effects as well transistor non-linear performance at radio frequency (RF). A non-aligned device in this work consists of two gates extending to the source and drain region with 44.44% channel overlap in total device length. As compared to a full overlap device, the present device has shown better results in Analog Figure of Merit (FOM) and RF parameters like: ION current, ION/IOFF ratio, DIBL (Drain Induced Barrier lowering), SS (Subthreshold Swing), Intrinsic gain (AVO), Transconductance Generation Factor (TGF), Transconductance Frequency Product (TFP), Cut-off frequency (fT), Intercepted Input Power-3 (IIP3) and Intermodulation Distortion power-3 (IMD3). The use of dielectric material with high dielectric constant (HfO2, k = 24) in gate oxide reduces DIBL by 50%, increases the ION/IOFF ratio by 59.1%, increases the Intrinsic gain by 50% compared to low-k dielectric constant (SiO2, k = 3.9). However, results also shows that high-frequency parameters’ results were better with low-k dielectric constant. This gives a trade-off in device application.
BORNOLOGICAL COUNTABLE ENLARGEMENTS

Abstract We show that for a non-flat bornological space there is always a bornological countable enlargement; moreover, when the space is non-flat and ultrabornological the countable enlargement may be chosen to be both bornological and barrelled. It is also shown that countable enlargements for barrelled or bornological spaces are always Mackey topologies, and every quasibarrelled space that is not barrelled has a quasibarrelled countable enlargement. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46A08; 46A20
Cognitive Transformation of Information from Urban Geographic Fields to Mental Maps

Research into mental maps by the investigators and others is reviewed with the intention of formulating an empirically derived model of the cognitive transformation of information from urban geographic fields to map representation in a medium-term (daily-weekly) time frame. It appears that subject variables (length of residence, travel experience, personality, short-term memory), touring variables (characteristic travel mode), environmental variables (complexity of urban form), and map variables (familiarity with and attitude toward conventional maps, type of mental map called for by investigator)-all contribute to levels of map performance as measured by quantitative content and/or veridicality analysis. The model proposed lists a number of operations such as motile and temporal synchronization, rotation, scaling, generalization, projection, symbolization and verbalization, which transform sensori-motor input into maps through coding, recoding, schema formation, and retrieval mechanisms.
Neutrosophic Set and Neutrosophic Topological Spaces

Neutrosophy has been introduced by Smarandache (7, 8) as a new branch of philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to construct a new set theory called the neutrosophic set. After given the fundamental definitions of neutrosophic set operations, we obtain several properties, and discussed the relationship between neutrosophic sets and others. Finally, we extend the concepts of fuzzy topological space (4), and intuitionistic fuzzy topological space (5, 6) to the case of neutrosophic sets. Possible application to superstrings and  
Real-Time Polarization Spectral Detection Based on a Dual-Dispersion and Coded-Aperture Imaging System

A polarization spectral imaging system based on dual dispersion and coded aperture can obtain multidimensional data cubes containing the polarization, spectral, and spatial information of the target through snapshots, and it is a typical detection system in remote sensing. However, because the reconstruction method of the polarization spectrum images of this system is imperfect, most of the images are reconstructed through multiple exposures based on cyclic $S$ -matrix coding, which limits its real-time performance. To resolve this problem, this study proposes a multi-slit encoding method for reconstructing a multidimensional data cube with a single exposure. The method is based on the imaging characteristics of the system, and a multi-slit encoding scheme is designed so that the detector plane can obtain all of the polarization spectral information at one point of the target. A single-exposure experiment shows that the acquisition and processing speed of the system is considerably improved from 1.67 to 15 fps. Furthermore, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the image reconstructed by single-exposure reconstruction reaches 34.37 dB, and the average structural similarity index (SSIM) is 0.912. The proposed method is proven to be effective in promoting the applicability of the spectral imaging system in real-time detection.
A feature boosted deep learning method for automatic facial expression recognition

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) plays a crucial role in human-computer based applications such as psychiatric treatment, classroom assessment, surveillance systems, and many others. However, automatic FER is challenging in real-time environment. The traditional methods used handcrafted methods for FER but mostly failed to produce superior results in the wild environment. In this regard, a deep learning-based FER approach with minimal parameters is proposed, which gives better results for lab-controlled and wild datasets. The method uses features boosting module with skip connections which help to focus on expression-specific features. The proposed approach is applied to FER-2013 (wild dataset), JAFFE (lab-controlled), and CK+ (lab-controlled) datasets which achieve accuracy of 70.21%, 96.16%, and 96.52%. The observed experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other related research concerning accuracy and time.
Simultaneous scintillation measurements of coherent and partially coherent beams in an open atmosphere experiment

Scintillation indices, probability distribution functions and signal spectra are measured simultaneously for spatially coherent and partially coherent optical beams propagating through various distances in an open atmosphere. The partially coherent beam is produced by coupling the broadband output of a superluminescent diode to a multimode optical fiber. A simple system to adjust the coherence radius by controlling the numerical aperture at the fiber output is implemented. Substantial reduction of the scintillation index and signal fade probability as compared to a slightly diverging coherent Gaussian beam are observed at all propagation distances studied up to 6.5 km.
Stability of the flow around a cylinder: The spin-up problem

Abstract : Our concern is with the flow around an infinite cylinder, which at a certain instant is impulsively started to spin. The growth of vortices in the resulting boundary layer occurring outside the cylinder is investigated. This layer is essentially a Rayleigh layer which grows with time, so the mechanism involved is similar to that studied in Hall (1983). Vortices with wavenumber comparable to the layer thickness are shown to be described by partial differential equations that govern the system numerically. We assume that the Rayleigh layer is thin so particles are confined to move in a path with radius of curvature the same as the cylinder. The Goertler number is a function of time, so we consider the time scale which produces an order one Goertler number. We consider the right hand branch calculation by letting the time tend to infinity. Inviscid Goertler modes are also considered.
Distributed Global Trajectory Optimization of a Moderate Lift-to-Drag Re-entry Vehicle

In this paper, a distributed architecture to deal with global optimization of engineering problems in a parallel computing environment is presented. The proposed architecture is designed to efficiently obtain global optimal solutions in search spaces, coming from real engineering problems, which can be continuous or discontinuous, multi-modal, non-uniform and constrained, with both linear and non-linear constraints. Special attention has been given to avoiding early convergence to local minima and to obtaining an innovative approach able to handle non-linear and highly constrained search spaces. Simulations have shown the validity of the proposed architecture to obtain with a single optimization run a more effective set of solutions in terms of the selected objective functions. Although the framework is generic in the sense that it can accommodate multiple global optimization techniques, a particular implementation with a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is discussed here and used for global re-entry trajectory optimization. A typical problem of (thermo-mechanical load constrained) re-entry trajectory optimization is to fly a minimum heat-load trajectory to minimize the mass of the Thermal Protection System, while at the same time to maximize the total flight range for increasing maneuverability and the freedom of landing-site selection. The results of the optimization process give a Pareto front of optimal solutions, ranging from a true minimum heat-load trajectory to a true maximumrange trajectory.
An optical sensor for monitoring of dissolved oxygen based on phase detection

Dissolved oxygen (DO) monitoring is of vital importance to water treatment, sewage treatment, aquaculture and biological research. The traditional method for DO detection is an electrochemical method called the Clark electrode. This electrochemical method has been widely used as it is simple and inexpensive; however, the critical drawback for this kind of sensor is that it is easily affected by pH variations, and by the concentration of H2S and SO2. Optical sensing for DO detection is a newly developed technology, which can avoid most of the drawbacks of the electrochemical sensors. A DO sensor using fluorescence detection is described in this paper. The oxygen concentration measurement principle is based on optical phase detection, which is more precise than the traditional intensity detection method. Emission is carried out by a low-cost, specially designed light emitting diode (LED) source. To avoid an unwanted phase shift, a reference LED is used to improve the degree of accuracy. The sensing material for fluorescence is a ruthenium complex. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm was used for the phase calculation. The system was designed into a stainless steel probe, and dissolved oxygen concentration measurement results for various applications are presented in this paper.
Grit but Not Help-Seeking Was Associated with Food Insecurity among Low Income, At-Risk Rural Veterans

Rural veterans have poorer health, use healthcare services less often than their urban counterparts, and have more prevalent food insecurity than average U.S. households. Food insecurity and resource use may be influenced by modifiable psychological attributes such as grit and help-seeking behaviors, which may be improved through interventions. Grit and help-seeking have not been previously evaluated among rural veterans. Thus, this cross-sectional study evaluated the hypothesis that grit and help-seeking were associated with food insecurity and the use of resources. Food security, resource use, grit, and help-seeking behavior were assessed among rural veterans (≥18 years) from five food pantries in southern Illinois counties (n = 177) from March 2021 to November 2021. Adjusted multiple regression was used to estimate the relationship between the odds of food insecurity and the use of resources with grit and help-seeking scores. Higher grit scores were significantly associated with lower odds of food insecurity (OR = 0.5, p = 0.009). No other associations were detected. The results provided evidence to inform the content of future educational interventions to improve food insecurity and address health disparities among rural veterans by addressing grit. The enhancement of psychological traits such as grit is related to food security and has the potential to benefit other aspects of well-being.
Research on Filtration System of Network Negative Information on the Basis of Naive Bayes

The difficulty of filtrating network negative information lies in how to classify information correctly. As one of the classification method with the advantage of strong robustness and good understandability in the field of pattern classification, Naïve Bayes has been used widely. A method for filtrating network negative information on the basis of Naïve Bayes, improvement proposals aiming at the disadvantages of Naïve Bayes and amelioration of erroneous judgment of negative information by setting threshold value k have been put forward in this article. The experiment shows that by adjusting threshold value k can the integrity of the system can be optimum and can favorable application effects be achieved.
Time decay and exponential stability of solutions to the periodic 3D Navier–Stokes equation in critical spaces

Using analysis in frequency space and Fourier methods, we establish that the global solution to the three‐dimensional incompressible periodic Navier–Stokes equation for initial data in the critical Sobolev space Ḣ1∕2T3 decays exponentially fast to zero, and it is exponentially stable as time goes to infinity as soon as the initial data (hence the solution) are mean free; otherwise, the difference to the average does so. Furthermore, we prove that any global nonmean‐free solution vanishes as time goes to infinity, and it is globally exponentially stable. The main tools are the energy methods, the Friedrich's approximating schema, and a crucial change of function that depends explicitly on time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Streamwise vortices in plane Couette flow

Experimental observations of various flows have led to the conclusion of the existence of streamwise vortices involved in the destabilization process of these flows. In the plane Couette flow, a linear shear flow, such structures have never been observed, because of the linear stability of the flow. The flow was slightly modified by introducing a wire in its central plane, parallel to the spanwise direction. A destabilization then occurs. It generates streamwise structures periodically spaced in the spanwise direction. These structures have been identified as pairs of counter‐rotating streamwise vortices. This Letter characterizes the dependence on the Reynolds number of the behavior of these vortices and how their destabilization leads to turbulence.