Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalization Error Bounds for Extreme Multi-class Classification

Extreme multi-class classification is multi-class learning using an extremely large number of label classes. We show generalization error bounds with a mild dependency (up to logarithmic) on the number of classes, making them suitable for extreme classification. The bounds generally hold for empirical multi-class risk minimization algorithms using an arbitrary norm as regularizer. This setting comprises several prominent learning methods, including multinomial logistic regression, top-k multi-class SVM, and several classic multi-class SVMs. We show both data-dependent and data-independent bounds. Key to the data-dependent analysis is the introduction of the multi-class Gaussian complexity, which is able to preserve the coupling among classes. Furthermore, we show a data-independent bound that, choosing appropriate loss, can exhibit a tighter dependency on the number of classes than the data-dependent bound. We give a matching lower bound, showing that the result is tight, up to a constant factor. We apply the general results to several prominent multi-class learning machines, exhibiting a tighter dependency on the number of classes than the state of the art. For instance, for the multi-class SVM by Crammer and Singer (2002), we obtain a data-dependent bound with square root dependency (previously: linear) and a data-independent bound with logarithmic dependency (previously: square root).
Determination of the optimal controls for an Ebola epidemic model

A control SEIR type model describing the spread of an Ebola epidemic in a population of a constant size is considered on the given time interval. This model contains four bounded control functions, three of which are distancing controls in the community, at the hospital, and during burial; the fourth is burial control. We consider the optimal control problem of minimizing the fraction of infectious individuals in the population at the given terminal time and analyze the corresponding optimal controls with the Pontryagin maximum principle. We use values of the model parameters and control constraints for which the optimal controls are bang-bang. To estimate the number of zeros of the switching functions that determine the behavior of these controls, a linear non-autonomous homogenous system of differential equations for these switching functions and corresponding to them auxiliary functions are obtained. Subsequent study of the properties of solutions of this system allows us to find analytically the estimates of the number of switchings and the type of the optimal controls for the model parameters and control constraints related to all Ebola epidemics from 1995 until 2014. Corresponding numerical calculations confirming the results are presented.
Bounded‐Input Control of the Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: A Vision‐Based Approach

In this paper, a bounded‐input controller is designed for the quadrotor vertical take‐off and landing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Visual information is used to localize the aircraft with respect to its environment and an image‐based visual servo scheme is developed to navigate the motion of it. The visual features are selected from perspective image moments and projected on a rotated image plane, which simplifies the controller design. The flow of the features is used as the linear velocity information, and the controller assumes angular velocity and attitude information available for feedback. To design the controller, the dynamics of the quadrotor are decoupled into two parts: translational dynamics and rotational dynamics. First visual data are used to design a bounded‐input controller for the translational dynamics, and then a saturated controller is designed for the rotational dynamics. The boundedness of the controller increases the chance of keeping the visual features in the field of view of the camera. Furthermore, the controllers also cope with the unknown depth of the image, and the external disturbances. The complete stability analysis of the overall system is presented to show that all states are bounded and the error signals converge to zero asymptotically. Simulation examples are provided in both nominal and perturbed conditions which show the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Flood Loss Assessment - A Case Study of Dordi Basin, Gandaki, Province

Hydropower plants are a quintessential source of clean and economical energy, serving as the primary preference for renewable energy technologies for many governments owing to their unparalleled ability to deliver dependable baseload power with negligible fluctuation. However, despite their numerous benefits, the construction and operation of these plants pose a significant threat to the population living in the river basin and the equipment involved. The damage caused by flooding can have devastating and long-lasting impacts on the area, leading to severe economic losses and a prolonged period of recovery. In the case of the Dordi Rural Municipality, a study was carried out, which revealed that the Upper Dordi Hydropower Plant Headwork and Super Dordi Hydropower Plant inlet were ravaged by a ruinous flood, which resulted in the loss of twenty million equipment and eleven workers die. The cause of the flood was attributed to the upstream landslide blockage, which eventually led to the sudden bursting of the blockage and subsequent flooding. While the compensation of the workers was provided by the District Administration Office, Lamjung, and Dordi Rural Municipality through their incurrence policy, the study underscores the urgent need to establish a highly frequent flood warning system to alert the hydropower station and the local community. Additionally, the scouring and deposition process in the river channel was observed in detail, and the data analysis indicates no significant relationship between discharge and rainfall, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures to prevent future flooding events.
Symmetries of Model Construction in Spatial Relational Inference

This article studies spatial relational inference within the framework of mental model theory. It focuses on the phase of model construction for which two cognitive modelings currently exist (Berendt, 1996; Schlieder, 1995). Both refer to the aggregated results of a former experiment (Knauff, Rauh & Schlieder, 1995). However, conflicting evidence exists with respect to symmetry properties of model construction that makes the assessment of the cognitive adequacy of certain explanations impossible. We therefore conducted an experiment using computational tools provided by AI research on Qualitative Spatial Reasoning (QSR) to investigate whether the model construction process works the same from left to right and vice versa (symmetry of reorientation), and whether the processing of spatial relations depends on what was already processed (symmetry of transposition ). Experimental results clearly indicate that the symmetry of transposition cannot be found in subjects’ answers to indeterminate spatial four-term series problems and that the degree of reorientation symmetry is not perfect. The latter, however, can be entirely attributed to performance variation, since the responses of retested subjects to the same problems were only concordant to the same degree.
Inline Cavity Stepped Window Bandpass Filter With Two Transmission Zeros

This article proposed the design of bandpass filter (BPF) based on stepped window resonators (SWRs), which allows inline resonators to produce transmission zero (TZ). Compared with traditional cavity resonator using iris-coupled structure, the proposed SWR consists of two metal cavities, the larger cavity is regarded as a bandstop resonator to provide TZ near the passband. Therefore, each SWR pair can generate a transmission pole (TP) and a TZ. Two cavities are directly cascaded without any coupling iris, which increases the interface window between these two metal cavities and reduces the fabrication tolerance. By properly dimensioning the bandstop cavity, TZs can be generated in the lower and upper stopbands to improve the frequency-selective performance. An equivalent circuit model of SWR is proposed to explain the generation of TZ and synthesize the BPF. Finally, a fourth-order inline BPF with a fractional bandwidth of 1% at 10 GHz is designed using this SWR approach. The synthesis response and simulation results match well. The proposed BPF is fabricated and measured, and the good agreement between the measured and simulated results verifies the proposed design methodology.
Long wavelength-sensing cones of zebrafish retina exhibit multiple layers of transcriptional heterogeneity

Introduction Understanding how photoreceptor genes are regulated is important for investigating retinal development and disease. While much is known about gene regulation in cones, the mechanism by which tandemly-replicated opsins, such as human long wavelength-sensitive and middle wavelength-sensitive opsins, are differentially regulated remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to further our understanding of transcriptional heterogeneity in cones that express tandemly-replicated opsins and the regulation of such differential expression using zebrafish, which express the tandemly-replicated opsins lws1 and lws2. Methods We performed bulk and single cell RNA-Seq of LWS1 and LWS2 cones, evaluated expression patterns of selected genes of interest using multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization, and used exogenous thyroid hormone (TH) treatments to test selected genes for potential control by thyroid hormone: a potent, endogenous regulator of lws1 and lws2 expression. Results Our studies indicate that additional transcriptional differences beyond opsin expression exist between LWS1 and LWS2 cones. Bulk RNA-Seq results showed 95 transcripts enriched in LWS1 cones and 186 transcripts enriched in LWS2 cones (FC > 2, FDR < 0.05). In situ hybridization results also reveal underlying heterogeneity within the lws1- and lws2-expressing populations. This heterogeneity is evident in cones of mature zebrafish, and further heterogeneity is revealed in transcriptional responses to TH treatments. Discussion We found some evidence of coordinate regulation of lws opsins and other genes by exogenous TH in LWS1 vs. LWS2 cones, as well as evidence of gene regulation not mediated by TH. The transcriptional differences between LWS1 and LWS2 cones are likely controlled by multiple signals, including TH.
A new species of minute litter bug of the genus Cryptostemma (Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha: Dipsocoridae) from Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe Islands)

Summary A new species of the genus Cryptostemma Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835, C. karukeraensis n. sp. , was collected in several localities of the island of Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe), by prospecting the particular micro-habitats specific to the Dipsocoridae. Males and females (macropterous) and 5th instar nymphs are described and illustrated, in particular details of the pregenital abdomen, and the highly asymmetric and modified genitalia in the male. Among its American congeners, the new species shows morphological similarities with C. haywardi Wygodzinsky described from Argentina, but differs in male and female genital characters. The standard barcode DNA sequence (COI) is given for this new species, which is the third known dipsocoromorphan representative from Guadeloupe, after Ceratocombus bifenestratus Poppius, 1910 (Ceratocombidae) and Schizoptera elegans Poppius, 1910 (Schizopteridae).
A terahertz spatial power combiner based on 2D periodic hole-shaped grating using nongradient optimization method

ABSTRACT This paper describes a terahertz spatial power combiner based on a periodic hole-shaped hologram for a two-dimensional (2D) horn antenna array. The combiner consists of a 2D array of rectangular horns, a dielectric hole-shaped hologram, a focusing reflector, and a receiving horn antenna. The hologram is realized as 2D periodic holes, which transforms the beams of the antenna array into a pseudoplane wave. The transformed wave is coupled into a rectangular output horn antenna by a parabolic reflector with a shaped surface relief. The field distribution on the receiving plane can be obtained by using a nongradient optimization method to optimize the reflector surface. An example operating at 300 GHz is described. The theoretical power combining efficiency is about 63.1%. The computed field distribution agrees well with the result obtained using the commercial software FEKO Suite.
Uncertainty quantification of the aerodynamics of a rectangular 5:1 cylinder

Jeroen Witteveen,1 Pejman Shoeibi Omrani,2 Alessandro Mariotti,3 Maria Vittoria Salvetti,3 Luca Bruno,4 and Nicolas Coste5 1Scientific Computing Group, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI) Science Park 123, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2Fluid Dynamics Division, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands 3Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Università di Pisa Girolamo Caruso 8, I-56122 Pisa, Italy 4Department of Structural Engineering and Geotechnics, Politecnico di Torino Viale Mattioli 39, I-10125 Torino, Italy
Methodology of experimental optimization of atmospheric burners for household appliances

The aim of this experimental research is to confirm the correctness of the proposed methodology for optimizing atmospheric gas burners. Also, the burner was tested in actual conditions. The object of this experimental optimization is a typical modern atmospheric gas burner for households (required heat output for average households ranges from 8 to 12 kW) to which the proposed methodology will be applied in order to optimize its design characteristics and performance to obtain energy efficient and an environmentally friendly device.
Predicting top-L missing links with node and link clustering information in large-scale networks

Networks are mathematical structures that are universally used to describe a large variety of complex systems, such as social, biological, and technological systems. The prediction of missing links in incomplete complex networks aims to estimate the likelihood of the existence of a link between a pair of nodes. Various topological features of networks have been applied to develop link prediction methods. However, the exploration of features of links is still limited. In this paper, we demonstrate the power of node and link clustering information in predicting top -L missing links. In the existing literature, link prediction algorithms have only been tested on small-scale and middle-scale networks. The network scale factor has not attracted the same level of attention. In our experiments, we test the proposed method on three groups of networks. For small-scale networks, since the structures are not very complex, advanced methods cannot perform significantly better than classical methods. For middle-scale networks, the proposed index, combining both node and link clustering information, starts to demonstrate its advantages. In many networks, combining both node and link clustering information can improve the link prediction accuracy a great deal. Large-scale networks with more than 100 000 links have rarely been tested previously. Our experiments on three large-scale networks show that local clustering information based methods outperform other methods, and link clustering information can further improve the accuracy of node clustering information based methods, in particular for networks with a broad distribution of the link clustering coefficient.
Intrinsic Motivation: Knowledge, Achievement, and Experimentation in Sports Science Students—Relations with Emotional Intelligence

In this paper, we have focused on the Self-Determination Theory, paying special attention to intrinsic motivation, which is understood as the motivation that leads the subject to perform a task without the expectation of obtaining an external reward. In the field of sport, motivation is one of the most studied variables and one of the most researched, since it is closely related to the reasons that lead the athletes to start, maintain, and abandon sports practice. The main objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between intrinsic motivation (IM) and emotional intelligence from the theoretical contributions of the Self-Determination Theory. The specific objectives are to analyze attention, clarity, and emotional regulation, as well as intrinsic motivation to acquire knowledge. Additionally, we aim to explore the relationship between attention, clarity, and emotional regulation and the intrinsic motivation to achieve something. Lastly, we investigate the correspondence between attention, clarity, and emotional regulation and the intrinsic motivation to experience stimuli. The sample consists of 163 undergraduate and master’s students related to Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, studying at a Spanish public university, located in the southeast region of Andalusia—specifically, in the city of Almería. The participants had a mean age of 20.33 years. In terms of gender, 70.9% (n = 117) were men and 27.9% (n = 46) women. In terms of degree, 76.7% (n = 147) were undergraduate students and 23.3% (n = 18) were postgraduate students. The Sports Motivation Scale (SMS/EMD) was used to assess intrinsic motivation, and the TMMS-24 was used to assess emotional intelligence. The main findings of this research demonstrate the existence of a relationship between the three dimensions of emotional intelligence (emotional attention, emotional clarity, and emotional regulation) and intrinsic motivation (intrinsic motivation to know something, intrinsic motivation to achieve something, and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation). These findings emphasize the importance of emotional intelligence for intrinsic motivation.
Improved adaptive backstepping sliding mode control for generator steam valves of non-linear power systems

The stability problem of steam valves in a single machine infinite bus system with thyristor controlled series compensation is addressed through the use of an improved adaptive backstepping method based on error compensation. The method combines sliding mode variable structure control, backstepping control and adaptive control. Initially, an excitation control input and error compensation are simultaneously obtained in the design of virtual control by adaptive backstepping and the Lyapunov method. The Lyapunov function is then constituted in stages to achieve subsystem stability, before obtaining a parameter updating law and a non-linear control law for the closed-loop system. The results for both systems show that the improved non-linear backstepping sliding mode variable structure control approach can have four benefits. It can ensure that the system states are bounded, retain the faster stability of power systems, improve the speed of parameter identification and achieve real-time parameter estimation. Finally, a simulation is presented to illustrate both the effectiveness and the feasibility of the improved control approach.
Cellular Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiproliferative Activities from the Flowers, Leaves and Fruits of Gallesia integrifolia Spreng Harms

Gallesia integrifolia, a notable species in the Atlantic Forest, has been traditionally employed in folk medicine for treating rheumatism, asthma, and worms. This study investigated the cellular antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oils (EOs) and crude extracts (CEs) from G. integrifolia flowers, fruits, and leaves. The chemical identification of EOs was performed by GC–MS and CEs by UHPLC–MS. Cellular antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed through mouse macrophage cell culture. In addition, the antiproliferative potential was evaluated in gastric, colorectal, breast, and lung tumor cell lines and non-tumor VERO cells. EOs predominantly contained organosulfur compounds in flowers (96.29%), fruits (94.94%), and leaves (90.72%). We found the main compound is 2,2′-Disulfanediyldiethanethiol in the EOs of flowers (47.00%), leaves (41.82%), and fruits (44.39%). Phenolic compounds were identified in CEs. The EOs and CEs demonstrated potential against the tumor cell lines tested (GI50 between 51 and 230 µg/mL). The selectivity index values were greater than 1.0 (1.01 to 3.37), suggesting a relative safety profile. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity IC50 ranged from 36.00 to 268 µg/mL, and the cellular oxidation inhibition ranged from 69% to 82%. The results suggest that oils and extracts derived from G. integrifolia have potential for use in various industrial sectors.
Impact of Developing Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury on Long-Term Mortality in Cancer Patients with Septic Shock

Simple Summary Although studies have evaluated the association between sepsis-related acute kidney injury and mortality, less is known about the epidemiology and course in cancer patients. This population-based cohort study using data from the Nation Health Insurance Service of Korea aimed to determine whether dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury could be related to an increase in short-term and long-term negative outcomes. All cancer patients admitted to a hospital via the emergency department with septic shock from 2009 to 2017 were included. Dialysis-requiring septic AKI occurred in 13% of adult cancer patients with septic shock and was associated with male sex, hematologic cancers, and comorbidities. Moreover, dialysis-requiring septic acute kidney injury was significantly associated with increased long-term mortality in the cancer patients, suggesting that the prevention of acute kidney injury, particularly in male hematologic cancer patients, should be emphasized. Abstract (1) Background: Considering recent advances in both cancer and sepsis management, we chose to evaluate the associated factors for occurrence of septic acute kidney injury in cancer patients using a nationwide population-based cohort data. (2) Methods: Using data from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea, adult cancer patients who presented to emergency departments with septic shock from 2009 to 2017 were analyzed. A Cox-proportional hazard model was conducted to evaluate the clinical effect of sepsis-related acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. (3) Results: Among 42,477 adult cancer patients with septic shock, dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury occurred in 5449 (12.8%). Recovery from dialysis within 30 days was 77.9% and, overall, 30-day and 2-year mortality rates were 52.1% and 85.1%, respectively. Oncologic patients with dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury frequently occurred in males and patients with hematologic cancer. A multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model showed that dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury had the highest adjusted hazard ratio of 1.353 (95% confidence interval 1.313–1.395) for 2-year mortality. (4) Conclusions: Dialysis-requiring septic acute kidney injury did not occur commonly. However, it had a significant association with increased long-term mortality, which suggests emphasis should be placed on the prevention of acute kidney injury, particularly in male hematologic cancer patients.