Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Application and Research of the Double Difference Method about the 2004 Ludian Earthquake Sequence

The paper is utilizes the double difference method of to relocate the north and south earthquake belt's Ludian earthquake sequence to obtained the Ludian earthquake sequence's detailed earthquake parameters. And at the same time we have established an whole set of perfect method in data processing and result analysising. Have the ability of useing'the north and south earthquake belt earthquake to strengthen the monitor's real time data to accuratly relocate the medium intensity earthquake sequenc of the north and south belt. Thus,we could produce the more accurate earthquake parameter, and short provides a more conclusive evidence into the warning area division and earthquake forecast.
An Object Tracking Algorithm For Echocardiogram Images

In this work we present a technique for tracking contours from echocardiogram video. Our aim is to calculate area of a heart chamber, say, left ventricle(LV), over time from the video. To do so, we have tried to estimate LV boundary by an ellipse for each frame. The system requires a user drawn ellipse describing the LV in the rst frame. For the next frames, this ellipse is adjusted according to the movement of the LV. Tracking of this movement is done using edge information of LV. Finally, in all frames, the elliptic contour is allowed to converge to the desired boundary using active contouring principle.
Assessing fears of preschool children with nighttime fears by a parent version of the fear survey schedule for preschool children.

BACKGROUND Although excessive fears are common in preschool children, validated assessment tools for this age are lacking. Our aim was to modify and provide preliminary evidence of the utility of a preschoolers' fear screening tool, a parent-reported Fear Survey Schedule for Preschool Children (FSS-PC). METHODS 109 Israeli preschool children (aged 4-6 years) with chronic night time fears (NF) and 30 healthy children (controls) participated. The FSS-PC analysis included: 1) internal reliability, 2) correlations between FSS-PC scores and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measures, 3) differences between NF and a comparison sample of FSS-PC scores, and 4) FSS-PC sensitivity in detecting change in NF following an intervention for NF. RESULTS There were low-to-medium positive correlations between the FSS-PC scores and several internalizing scales of the CBCL measures. FSS-PC scores in the NF group were significantly higher than the control children's score. FSS-PC scores had adequate internal reliability and were also sensitive for detecting significant changes in fear levels following behavioral interventions. LIMITATIONS Unique cultural and environmental circumstances and specific study group. CONCLUSIONS This new version of the FSS-PC may provide clinicians with a novel and useful screening tool for early assessment of fear- and anxiety-related phenomena of preschool children.
A Nonsynonymous Polymorphism of IRAK4 Associated with Increased Prevalence of Gram-Positive Infection and Decreased Response to Toll-Like Receptor Ligands

Mutations in IRAK4 have been associated with recurrent Gram-positive infections in children. Given the central role of IRAK4 in innate immunity signaling, we hypothesized that common genetic variants of IRAK4 may be associated with prevalence of Gram-positive infection in critically ill adults. Haplotype clade tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IRAK4 gene were selected and genotyped in a cohort of 1,029 critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). We found that a haplotype clade tagged by the A allele of the htSNP G29429A (Ala428Thr) was associated with increased relative risk of Gram-positive infection at admission to ICU (RR = 1.2, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the 29429A allele was associated with decreased lymphoblastoid cell response to CpG (as measured by IL-6 production) (raw values ± 95% CI 40.3 ± 32.3 vs. 85.8 ± 29.4 pg/ml; log-transformed values ± 95% CI 1.13 ± 0.37 vs. 1.55 ± 0.18, p < 0.04). We also found that IRAK4-deficient fibroblasts transfected with an IRAK4 expression plasmid containing the 29429A allele produced less IL-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (p = 0.07). Our data suggest that the IRAK4 haplotype clade marked by 29429A (428Thr) alters susceptibility to Gram-positive bacteria, by decreasing cellular response to TLR ligands.
The tribe Ehrlichieae and ehrlichial diseases

The tribe Ehrlichieae consists of gram-negative minute cocci that are obligate intracellular parasites classified in the family Rickettsiaceae. Although ehrlichial organisms have been observed in leukocytes for many years, only a few species have been cultured in quantities sufficient for biochemical and molecular analyses. Recents studies on 16S-rRNA sequence analysis and energy metabolism showed that the genus Ehrlichia is closely related to the genus Rickettsia. There is, however, no antigenic cross-reactivity between these genera. Ehrlichial organisms cause a disease called "ehrlichiosis," a noncontagious infectious disease known to be transmitted by a tick in several cases and by a fluke in one case. Ehrlichia spp. infect dogs, ruminants, horses, and humans. Recently, two new ehrlichial diseases, Potomac horse fever and human ehrlichiosis, were discovered in the United States. The etiologic agent of Potomac horse fever, Ehrlichia risticii, is closely related to the known human pathogen Ehrlichia sennetsu. The etiologic agent of human ehrlichiosis is related to Ehrlichia canis, a canine pathogen. In contrast to the genus Rickettsia, members of the tribe Ehrlichieae reside primarily in the cytoplasmic vacuoles of monocytes or granulocytes and cause hematologic abnormalities, lymphadenopathy, and other pathologic changes in the host. However, the actual mechanisms whereby Ehrlichia spp. infect leukocytes, multiply in them, and produce various forms of systemic disease have not been defined. Depending on the ehrlichial species involved, serologic or direct microscopic observation of stained blood smears is currently used to diagnose ehrlichial disease.
DSX: A Knowledge-Based Scoring Function for the Assessment of Protein-Ligand Complexes

We introduce the new knowledge-based scoring function DSX that consists of distance-dependent pair potentials, novel torsion angle potentials, and newly defined solvent accessible surface-dependent potentials. DSX pair potentials are based on the statistical formalism of DrugScore, extended by a much more specialized set of atom types. The original DrugScore-like reference state is rather unstable with respect to modifications in the used atom types. Therefore, an important method to overcome this problem and to allow for robust results when deriving pair potentials for arbitrary sets of atom types is presented. A validation based on a carefully prepared test set is shown, enabling direct comparison to the majority of other popular scoring functions. Here, DSX features superior performance with respect to docking- and ranking power and runtime requirements. Furthermore, the beneficial combination with torsion angle-dependent and desolvation-dependent potentials is demonstrated. DSX is robust, flexible, and capable of working together with special features of popular docking engines, e.g., flexible protein residues in AutoDock or GOLD. The program is freely available to the scientific community and can be downloaded from our Web site www.agklebe. de .
Use of chitosan in the treatment of obesity: evaluation of interaction with vitamin B2

Obesity is a serious health problem and its prevalence has increased over the years. Studies have assessed the polysaccharide chitosan as anti-obesity supplement due to its ability to absorb fats. However, this property may cause the interaction of chitosan with essential substances for the proper functioning of the body, such as vitamins. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate interactions of the chitosan with vitamin B2.These interactions were evaluated in the absence and the presence of acid aqueous solution of chitosan using fluorescence and ultraviolet–visible absorption measurements of vitamin B2.Results showed that the rigid microenvironment generated by chitosan solution modifies the photophysics properties of vitamin B2.Thus, chitosan is able to eliminate vitamin B2 and the present study aims to warn of excessive loss of vitamins or other nutrients by the body during prolonged treatment with chitosan.
Body Context and Posture Affect Mental Imagery of Hands

Different visual stimuli have been shown to recruit different mental imagery strategies. However the role of specific visual stimuli properties related to body context and posture in mental imagery is still under debate. Aiming to dissociate the behavioural correlates of mental processing of visual stimuli characterized by different body context, in the present study we investigated whether the mental rotation of stimuli showing either hands as attached to a body (hands-on-body) or not (hands-only), would be based on different mechanisms. We further examined the effects of postural changes on the mental rotation of both stimuli. Thirty healthy volunteers verbally judged the laterality of rotated hands-only and hands-on-body stimuli presented from the dorsum- or the palm-view, while positioning their hands on their knees (front postural condition) or behind their back (back postural condition). Mental rotation of hands-only, but not of hands-on-body, was modulated by the stimulus view and orientation. Additionally, only the hands-only stimuli were mentally rotated at different speeds according to the postural conditions. This indicates that different stimulus-related mechanisms are recruited in mental rotation by changing the bodily context in which a particular body part is presented. The present data suggest that, with respect to hands-only, mental rotation of hands-on-body is less dependent on biomechanical constraints and proprioceptive input. We interpret our results as evidence for preferential processing of visual- rather than kinesthetic-based mechanisms during mental transformation of hands-on-body and hands-only, respectively.
Evacuation Effect on Products during Underwater Shock Compaction

Underwater-shock powder compaction on mixture of titanium and aluminum was performed under vacuum or atmospheric pressure. The mixture was held at intervals of 1 to 6 cm from bottom of powder container. Since the mixture was subject to high pressure induced by detonation of explosive, it was launched toward the bottom of container intensively. As a result, consolidated mixtures indicated hard formation of compounds, except for upper area of powder compacts. However, the powder compact consolidated under vacuum, which showed about 93% of theoretical density, indicated high density as that obtained under non-vacuume atmosphere. It was found that evacuation of air from interparticle regions affected the powder compacts. There is little fluctuation in-plane Vickers hardness in the compacts, except for upper region of the product in which Ti-Al intermetallic compound was formed. This means that homogeneous materials could be obtained generally.
Admission and cell congestion analysis through dynamic power allocation

This paper studies the influence of the active set main parameters in different UTRA-FDD scenarios by evaluating the system capacity, as well as BS and UE transmitted power levels. Some of the parameters obtained as outputs of the proposed power control algorithm (PC) can be also easily used to optimise the admission procedure and scenario capacity, while avoiding cell congestion.
Clinical assessment of infant colour at delivery

Objective: Use of video recordings of newborn infants to determine: (1) if clinicians agreed whether infants were pink; and (2) the pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (Spo2) at which infants first looked pink. Methods: Selected clips from video recordings of infants taken immediately after delivery were shown to medical and nursing staff. The infants received varying degrees of resuscitation (including none) and were monitored with pulse oximetry. The oximeter readings were obscured to observers but known to the investigators. A timer was visible and the sound was inaudible. The observers were asked to indicate whether each infant was pink at the beginning, became pink during the clip, or was never pink. If adjudged to turn pink during the clip, observers recorded the time this occurred and the corresponding Spo2 was determined. Results: 27 clinicians assessed videos of 20 infants (mean (SD) gestation 31(4) weeks). One infant (5%) was perceived to be pink by all observers. The number of clinicians who thought each of the remaining 19 infants were never pink varied from 1 (4%) to 22 (81%). Observers determined the 10 infants with a maximum Spo2 ⩾95% never pink on 17% (46/270) of occasions. The Spo2 at which individual infants were perceived to turn pink varied from 10% to 100%. Conclusion: Among clinicians observing the same videos there was disagreement about whether newborn infants looked pink with wide variation in the Spo2 when they were considered to become pink.
Soil Respiration and its Controlling Factors in Six Coastal Young Monoculture Plantations

Biotic and abiotic factors how to influence soil respiration in different young monoculture plantations are not clearly understood. Soil respiration and its controlling factors were studied in six monoculture plantations in the coastal area of Shanghai, China. Soil respiration was significant difference among six stands. Variations of soil respiration in six plots were not directly related to changes in soil water content, but significant relationship was observed between soil respiration and soil temperature. The variation of soil respiration was firmly correlated to the variation of leaf area index (LAI) or gap fraction (GF), soil respiration enhanced with the increase of GF (or decreasing LAI). The microclimate within forest and soil temperature also had positively correlation with soil respiration, but which mainly were affected by GF or LAI. There was no significant relationship between soil respiration and either root biomass or soil nutrients.
Modern treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in cows.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, which is thought to be one of the major public health problems in the world. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is the topic of contemporary research. For most satisfactory outcome rheumatoid arthritis should be treated in early stage. Nevertheless, in spite of new progresses in rheumatoid arthritis medical therapy, their treatment still denotes an unmet medical requirement because of safety and efficacy anxieties through presently prescribed medications. The Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Glucocorticoids (GC) are employed respectively for the symptomatic and local therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. However the Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and B cells have received increased interest resulting in numerous novel therapeutics. B-cell depletion agent (rituximab), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab), Interleukin-6 receptor blocker (tocilizumab), and T-cell co-stimulatory blocker (abatacept) are current biologics which are used as Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) for the basic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Future treatments are consist of biosimilars, alternative Tumor Necrosis Factor-α inhibitors (golimumab and certolizumab), and kinase inhibitors (tofacitinib and fostamatinib).
Living Lab Research Landscape: From User Centred Design and User Experience towards User Cocreation

New paradigms, such as Open Innovation (Chesbrough, 2003) and Web 2.0 (O'Reilly, 2004) as well as Living Labs operating as a User Centred Open Innovation Ecosystem (Pallot, 2009), promote a more proactive role of users in the RD Sanders, 2008) and later introduced in the domain of Living Lab research (Mulder & Stappers, 2009). It also discusses the links with existing theories such as Social Capital Theory (Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998) and Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) as well as Socio-Emotional Intelligence Theory (Goleman, 1998). It also explores the creation of User Group Experience concept for bringing the socio-emotional perspective (Norman, 1995; 1998; 2004; 207; Goleman, 1998) into User Experience (Fleming, 1998) that appears too much focusing on individual users and usability.
Ultrastructure investigation of the secondary insemination system of the gamasid mite Hattena cometis domrow (Acari: Anactinotrichida: Ameroseiidae)

Many gamasid mites, mainly of the taxon Dermanyssina, possess a secondarily evolved insemination system that is generally described as occurring in two types, the laelapid and the phytoseiid‐type, which are structurally considerably different. Considering that Dermanyssina represent the most recent and most diverse group of gamasid mites, it was expected that a greater diversity of insemination system than reflected by the two types could be present and could give an idea of its evolution within the taxon. Here, the authors present a description of the fine‐structure of the female secondary insemination system in the dermanyssine mite Hattena cometis. The system consists of a pair of sperm induction pores (solenostomes) and short sperm access ducts (tubules) which end in a syncytium. The syncytial strands of both sides meet medially under the ovary s.str. , where they form a spherical syncytial spermatheca. Mature sperm cells of a modified ribbon type were seen in the syncytial parts of the system. The insemination system of Hattena cometis is regarded as a modification of the laelapid type. However, it is much simpler than that of Varroa destructor, the only other gamasid mite with the laelapid type studied ultrastructurally until now, and shows also some structural differences (e.g., no presence of an unpaired sperm duct). Hence, the present study suggests that some intermediate types might be revealed in future ultrastructure studies representing steps in the evolution of the insemination system in the Dermanyssina. J. Morphol. 274:918–925, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antitrypanosomal Activity of Fexinidazole, a New Oral Nitroimidazole Drug Candidate for Treatment of Sleeping Sickness

ABSTRACT Fexinidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole drug currently in clinical development for the treatment of human sleeping sickness (human African trypanosomiasis [HAT]), caused by infection with species of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The compound and its two principal metabolites, sulfoxide and sulfone, have been assessed for their ability to kill a range of T. brucei parasite strains in vitro and to cure both acute and chronic HAT disease models in the mouse. The parent molecule and both metabolites have shown trypanocidal activity in vitro in the 0.7-to-3.3 μM (0.2-to-0.9 μg/ml) range against all parasite strains tested. In vivo, fexinidazole is orally effective in curing both acute and chronic diseases in the mouse at doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight/day for 4 days and 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days, respectively. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that it is likely that the sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites provide most, if not all, of the in vivo killing activity. Fexinidazole and its metabolites require up to 48 h exposure in order to induce maximal trypanocidal efficacy in vitro. The parent drug and its metabolites show no in vitro cross-reactivity in terms of trypanocidal activity with either themselves or other known trypanocidal drugs in use in humans. The in vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities of fexinidazole and its two principal metabolites provide evidence that the compound has the potential to be an effective oral treatment for both the T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense forms of human sleeping sickness and both stages of the disease.
Computación Efímera: Identificando Retos para la Investigación en Videojuegos

La Computación Ef́ımera (Eph-C , por sus siglas en inglés, Ephemerical Computing) es un nuevo paradigma de computación de reciente creación que pretende sacar provecho de la naturaleza pasajera (o sea, asociada a un tiempo de vida limitado) de los recursos computacionales. En este trabajo se introducirá este nuevo paradigma Eph-C de forma general, y se irá poco a poco enfocando espećıficamente dentro del contexto del proceso de desarrollo de videojuegos, mostrando posibles aplicaciones y beneficios dentro de las principales ĺıneas de investigación asociadas a la creación de los mismos. Se trata de un trabajo preliminar que intenta indagar en las posibilidades de aplicar la computación ef́ımera en la creación de productos en la industria del videojuego. Lo que presentamos aqúı debe ser valorado como un trabajo preliminar que intenta a su vez servir de inspiración para otros posibles investigadores o desarrolladores de videojuegos.
Optical Mapping of Ventricular Defibrillation in Isolated Swine Right Ventricles: Demonstration of a Postshock Isoelectric Window After Near-Threshold Defibrillation Shocks

Background—Investigators who studied ventricular defibrillation by use of optical mapping techniques failed to observe an initial defibrillation event (isoelectric window or quiescent period) shown by electrode mapping studies. This discrepancy has important implications for the mechanisms of defibrillation. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate an optical equivalent of an isoelectric window after a near-threshold defibrillation shock. Methods and Results—We studied 10 isolated, perfused swine right ventricles. Upper limit of vulnerability was determined by shocks on T waves. A 50% probability of successful defibrillation (DFT50) was determined with an up-down algorithm. Immediately after unsuccessful defibrillation shock, new wavefronts were generated. When the shock strength was low, immediate reinitiation of reentry and ventricular fibrillation might occur without a postshock isoelectric window. However, if the shock strength was within 50 V of DFT50 (near-threshold), a synchronized activation occurred, followed by organized repolarization that ended 64±18 ms after shock. After a period of quiescence (18±24 ms), activation recurred 83±33 ms after shock and reinitiated ventricular fibrillation. Similar patterns of activation, including a quiescent period, were observed after shock was applied on the T wave of the paced beat that induced ventricular fibrillation. Upper limit of vulnerability correlated well with DFT50. Conclusions—In isolated swine right ventricles, an optical equivalent of an isoelectric window exists after near-threshold defibrillation shocks. These findings support the idea that a near-threshold defibrillation shock terminates all activation wavefronts but fails to halt ventricular fibrillation because the same shock reinitiates ventricular fibrillation after an isoelectric window.
Flexible Part Orienting Using Rotation Direction and Force Measurements

This paper presents a novel sensor-based flexible part orienting system based on the commonly available force/torque sensor. The system orients planar parts arriving on a conveyor belt via a sequence of pushing operations with a force/torque sensor–equipped fence. A method of using the raw force data from the sensor to infer the rotation direction of the part is presented. Algorithms using (i) only rotation direction and (ii) rotation direction plus force information are presented. These algorithms find orienting plans with fewer steps than current sensorless orienting techniques, and for a number of specified part shape classes, current sensor-based techniques. Plans generated by these algorithms were tested and verified using a conveyor/robotic car test bed.