Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HOTS about Environment and Designing Science Serial Books for Digital Learning in Elementary School

Environmental education is one of the important aspects of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)-based elementary school learning. The use of learning media for e-learning implementation requires HOTS-based evaluation. This study aims to perform analysis related to HOTS and the utilization of e-learning in elementary school (SD). The method used in the research is the descriptive method with a survey as the data collection technique. The research instrument is in the form of a test question to measure HOTS based on Anderson’s taxonomy and Ichsan’s taxonomy. The second instrument employed is a questionnaire containing questions related to learning and various obstacles in e-learning. The research finds that the average HOTS score of elementary school students measured using Anderson’s taxonomy is 2.58; whereas, those measured with Ichsan’s taxonomy is 2.27 for all items. The HOTS measurement results using both taxonomies have some differences and one of them is in the C6 realm (create versus develop). The measurement results using the questionnaire suggest that WhatsApp is the frequently-used learning media (65.97%). Moreover, the most ideal learning duration according to the students is less than 3 hours (67.36%). The utilization of learning media become an important matter in the implementation of e-learning to enhance elementary school students’ HOTS. Serial books are an alternative solution so that students can understand environmental material well. The research concludes that differences in HOTS scores occurred between those measured with Anderson’s taxonomy and Ichsan’s taxonomy. Learning media to be further developed should be HOTS-based
School Gardening, Cooking and Sports Participation Intervention to Improve Fruits and Vegetables Intake and Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity among Chinese Children: Study Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children has become a global public health problem. Therefore, school-based gardening and cooking (SGC) and sports participation (SP) interventions may be effective in improving children’s FV intake and MVPA. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of SGC and SP interventions on FV intake and MVPA among Chinese children. In this cluster randomized controlled trial study, 237 children in grades 4–5 from six public primary schools from Changsha, Hunan Province, China will be randomly assigned to: (1) a SGC and SP combined intervention group; (2) a SP intervention group; (3) a regular practice group. The intervention clusters will be implemented for a period of 6 months and follow up will be carried out after 12 months. The outcome will be collected using a combination of self-reported and objective measures. Primary outcomes will include children’s FV intake and duration of MVPA per day, and secondary outcomes will included frequency and attitudes of FV intake and SP, in addition to other measures. Finally, a process evaluation will be used to analyze the facilitators and barriers to intervention implementation. Trial Registration: (Registration Number: ChiCTR2200064141).
Observational constraints on the dark energy density evolution

We constrain the evolution of the dark energy density Ωd from cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and supernova Ia measurements. While supernovae Ia are most sensitive to the equation of state w0 of dark energy today, the cosmic microwave background and large scale structure data best constrain the dark energy evolution at earlier times. For the parametrization used in our models, we find w0<−0.8 and the dark energy fraction at very high redshift Ωde< 0.03 at the 95% confidence level.
Phase-Space Analysis of Fluid-Dynamical Models of Traffic Flow

The present research article is devoted to the study of two fluid-dynamical traffic models and their steady states by first analyzing the kinetic-type Borsche-Kimathi-Klar model and the Navier-Stokes-type Helbing model. To fulfill this purpose, the study is made by means of a general analysis in the phase space. Phase space paths are constructed in several cases for both models, evaluating explicitly some phase space trajectories. Ultimately, the results of these analyses are discussed.
Abnormal handling mechanism and improvement measures of optical DC current transformer in smart grid environment

An optical DC current transformer anomaly handling mechanism is proposed to address the problem that the conventional DC current transformer anomaly handling mechanism cannot compensate for the defect of capacitor anomaly blocking. First, the implementation principle, modulation loop, demodulation method and its anomaly warning mechanism of the sine-wave modulated all-fibre-optic current transformer (FOCT) are investigated, and the effects of light source intensity and modulation voltage on current decoding are explained. The modulation loop is then simulated and modelled and a FOCT anomaly handling mechanism is proposed based on the Bessel function with real-time dynamic current compensation for small changes in modulation depth. Finally, an integrated dynamic test system for DC current transformers and DC protection is designed, and the actual system operation and fault model is established using the RTDS simulation system. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed FOCT anomaly handling and improvement measures can effectively improve the transient performance of FOCT, and at the same time provide a complete set of testing means for the engineering application and later upgrade and replacement of FOCT.
Continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method for fermions: Beyond auxiliary field framework

A numerically exact continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for finite fermionic systems with nonlocal interactions is proposed. The scheme is particularly applicable for general multiband time-dependent correlations, since it does not invoke Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation. The present determinantal grand-canonical method is based on a stochastic series expansion for the partition function in the interaction representation. The results for the Green function and for the time-dependent susceptibility of multiorbital supersymmetric impurity model with a spin-flip interaction are presented.
Collective oscillations of a trapped superfluid Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance

The frequencies of the collective oscillations of a harmonically trapped Fermi gas interacting with large scattering lengths are calculated at zero temperature using hydrodynamic theory. Different regimes are considered, including the molecular Bose-Einstein condensate and the unitarity limit for collisions. We show that the frequency of the radial compressional mode in an elongated trap exhibits a pronounced non-monotonous dependence on the scattering length, reflecting the role of the interactions in the equation of state.
Intelligent sampling of high‐dimensional joint mobility space for analysis of articular function

Studies of joint structure and function have played a central role in understanding palaeobiology and major functional transitions in evolutionary history, where fossilized hard parts (e.g. bones) are often all that remain. Current digital methods for quantifying articular function depend on exhaustively sampling all possible joint poses, but this is computationally intensive, becoming prohibitively so with more degrees of freedom. This has impeded more sophisticated analyses or broader application of these methods to more diverse questions and species. The present study introduces ‘APSE’ (Accelerated Pose Searching with Electrostatics), an iterative algorithm for rapidly and intelligently sampling high‐dimensional joint pose space to quantify articular function and mobility. Key features of the algorithm are: known viable joint poses inform the search for new poses in successive generations; the search preferentially targets under‐explored regions of pose space, while avoiding over‐explored regions; large swaths of inviable pose space are never evaluated, thus minimizing wasted time; and parallelizability. The efficacy of the algorithm was benchmarked with diverse theoretical and biological joints. As a case study to demonstrate its utility, APSE was used to investigate mobility in the enigmatic shoulder joint of the extinct ‘pelycosaur’‐grade synapsid Dimetrodon, the function of which has been widely debated. APSE produces high‐dimensional joint mobility assessments with greater precision than state‐of‐the‐art exhaustive sampling methods. More viable poses are identified at a greater sampling density, but in a fraction of the time taken by current methods (hours, not days or weeks). Results for Dimetrodon shoulder mobility indicate strong coupling between most degrees of freedom across the joint's full range of motion, a stark contrast to the flexible shoulder of most extant tetrapods. APSE provides a time‐efficient means to quantitatively measure articular function and mobility, especially when more degrees of freedom are considered. By greatly reducing computational requirements, APSE lowers the barrier to researchers seeking to undertake more complex or more numerous analyses of articular function in modern and extinct animals. This will accelerate the pace of research in comparative or evolutionary analyses of joint and animal function.
Shell model study of using an effective field theory for disentangling several contributions to neutrinoless double-
β
 decay

Neutrinoless double-beta decay represents the most promising approach for revealing some of the most important, yet-unknown, properties of neutrinos related to their absolute masses and their nature. This transition involves beyond standard model theories that predict the violation of the lepton number conservation by two units. There is no experimental confirmation yet for this decay, but new experiments have set lower-limits for the associated half-lives in the case of several isotopes. Using an effective field theory that describes this transition, we calculate half-life ratios for five experimentally interesting isotopes in the case of 12 lepton number violating couplings. These half-life ratios can be used to probe the sensitivity of the five isotopes in relation to their respective mechanisms, to predict the half-life limits needed to match the different experimental results, and in the case of experimental confirmation, these ratios could possibly indicate the dominant mechanism of the transition. We provide an analysis that could reveal valuable information regarding the dominant neutrinoless double-beta decay mechanism, if experimental half-life data becomes available for different isotopes.
A Rotational Period Study of a Large Sample of Pre-Main Sequence stars in NGC 2264

We present the results of a photometric monitoring program of pre-main sequence (PMS) stars in the young (2-4 Myr) open cluster NGC 2264 (d=700 pc). We find that the rotation periods are mass dependent and show a bimodal distribution for higher mass stars with M ≳ 0.3 M ⊙ and a unimodal distribution for lower mass stars with M ≲ 0.3 M ⊙ .
Association between Early Phase Serum Albumin Levels and Outcomes of Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

We aimed to evaluate early phase serum albumin levels in and outcomes of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched until 4 July 2022, for studies on post-cardiac arrest patients and involving measurement of early phase albumin levels and assessment of in-hospital mortality or neurologic outcomes. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. We included 3837 patients from seven observational studies in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The serum albumin level was significantly higher in survivors than in non-survivors, showing a positive association with an overall standardized mean difference (SMD) [(mean value of non-survivors—mean value of survivors)/pooled standard deviation] of 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.62; I2 = 0%; p < 0.001). Additionally, the serum albumin level was significantly higher in the good neurologic outcome group than in the poor neurologic outcome group (four studies; SMD = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.49–1.52, I2 = 87%; p < 0.001). Relatively low serum albumin levels in the early phase may be associated with in-hospital mortality of resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest. However, we could not evaluate the association between albumin level and neurologic outcome because of limited included studies and unresolved high heterogeneity.
Effectiveness and Safety of Ustekinumab for Moderate to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease: Results from an Early Access Program in Brazil

This prospective, observational, open-label study aimed to provide access to ustekinumab prior to market authorization and assess its safety and effectiveness in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α and conventional drugs in Brazil. Patients with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe active CD for ≥3 months before screening received ustekinumab in a single intravenous induction dose (~6 mg/kg) at week 0, and a 90 mg maintenance dose, subcutaneously, every 8 or 12 weeks, from week 8 through to 80. Serious adverse events (SAE), adverse drug reactions (ADR), clinical response (per CD Activity Index and Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) scores), remission (per HBI scores), biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FC)) and endoscopic improvement rate over 80 weeks were assessed. Patients with a mean age of 39.9 years were assessed. Discontinuation rate was low (23%) and most adverse events were mild (68.7%). The SAE rate was 21% (mostly infections/infestations or gastrointestinal disorder), and ADR rate was 44%. The CD Activity Index and HBI scores decreased (by 74% and 81%, respectively) with 50% of patients showing normalized CRP and FC, and 63% achieved endoscopic improvement. Ustekinumab was fairly safe, well tolerated and effective in a Brazilian cohort of CD patients.
Epichloë Increases Root Fungal Endophyte Richness and Alters Root Fungal Endophyte Composition in a Changing World

Plants harbor a variety of fungal symbionts both above- and belowground, yet little is known about how these fungi interact within hosts, especially in a world where resource availability is changing due to human activities. Systemic vertically transmitted endophytes such as Epichloë spp. may have particularly strong effects on the diversity and composition of later-colonizing symbionts such as root fungal endophytes, especially in primary successional systems. We made use of a long-term field experiment in Great Lakes sand dunes to test whether Epichloë colonization of the dune-building grass, Ammophila breviligulata, could alter fungal root endophyte species richness or community composition in host plants. We also tested whether nitrogen addition intensified the effects of Epichlöe on the root endophyte community. We found that Epichloë increased richness of root endophytes in Ammophila by 17% overall, but only shifted community composition of root endophytes under nitrogen-enriched conditions. These results indicate that Epichlöe acts as a key species within Ammophila, changing richness and composition of the root mycobiome and integrating above- and belowground mycobiome interactions. Further, effects of Epichloë on root endophyte communities were enhanced by N addition, indicating that this fungal species may become even more important in future environments.
Metal single atom doped 2D materials for photocatalysis: current status and future perspectives

With the increase of energy crisis and greenhouse effect, the development of new photocatalytic systems with efficient solar-driven fuels/chemicals production is of great practical and scientific importance. In this scenario, single atom photocatalytic (SAP) systems are considered a significant breakthrough in the development of heterogeneous photocatalysis due to their superior catalytic efficiency, large surface area, and high atomic utilization. SAPs are consisting of isolated single atoms (SAs) distributed on/or coordinated with surface atoms of a suitable support. The anchoring of SAs on 2D substrates endows the developed SAPs with excellent properties, including high loading, uniform coordination, high light harvesting capability, and enhanced photocatalytic activities. Recently, many 2D substrates, including carbon materials, MXenes, and transition metal chalcogenides, have been used to anchor metal SAs for different photocatalytic applications. This review systematically discusses SAPs and the confining of metal SAs on 2D supports. Moreover, this review highlights the recent advances of SAPs for energy conversion, the existing challenges, and future perspectives. We expect that this review will offer some ideas for the future discovery of novel photocatalytic systems.
A Novel Cementing Quality Evaluation Method Based on Convolutional Neural Network

The quality of cement in cased boreholes is related to the production and life of wells. At present, the most commonly used method is to use CBL-VDL to evaluate, but the interpretation process is complicated, and decisions associated with significant risks may be taken based on the interpretation results. Therefore, cementing quality evaluation must be interpreted by experienced experts, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To improve the efficiency of cementing interpretation, this paper used VGG, ResNet, and other convolutional neural networks to automatically evaluate the cementing quality, but the accuracy is insufficient. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-scale perceptual convolutional neural network with kernels of different sizes that can extract and fuse information of different scales in VDL logging. In total, 5500 datasets in Tarim Oilfield were used for training and validation. Compared with other convolutional neural network algorithms, the multi-scale perceptual convolutional neural network algorithm proposed in this paper can evaluate cementing quality more accurately by identifying VDL logging. At the same time, this model’s time and space complexity are lower, and the operation efficiency is higher. To verify the anti-interference of the model, this paper added 3%, 6%, and 9% of white noise to the VDL data set for cementing evaluation. The results show that, compared with other convolutional neural networks, the multi-scale perceptual convolutional neural network model is more stable and more suitable for the identification of cementing quality.
Expression and Variation of the Genes Involved in Rhizobium Nodulation in Red Clover

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage crop and serves as a major contributor of nitrogen input in pasture settings because of its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. During the legume-rhizobial symbiosis, the host plant undergoes a large number of gene expression changes, leading to development of root nodules that house the rhizobium bacteria as they are converted into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. Many of the genes involved in symbiosis are conserved across legume species, while others are species-specific with little or no homology across species and likely regulate the specific plant genotype/symbiont strain interactions. Red clover has not been widely used for studying symbiotic nitrogen fixation, primarily due to its outcrossing nature, making genetic analysis rather complicated. With the addition of recent annotated genomic resources and use of RNA-seq tools, we annotated and characterized a number of genes that are expressed only in nodule forming roots. These genes include those encoding nodule-specific cysteine rich peptides (NCRs) and nodule-specific Polycystin-1, Lipoxygenase, Alpha toxic (PLAT) domain proteins (NPDs). Our results show that red clover encodes one of the highest number of NCRs and ATS3-like/NPDs, which are postulated to increase nitrogen fixation efficiency, in the Inverted-Repeat Lacking Clade (IRLC) of legumes. Knowledge of the variation and expression of these genes in red clover will provide more insights into the function of these genes in regulating legume-rhizobial symbiosis and aid in breeding of red clover genotypes with increased nitrogen fixation efficiency.
A Method for Capture and Detection of Crop Airborne Disease Spores Based on Microfluidic Chips and Micro Raman Spectroscopy

Airborne crop diseases cause great losses to agricultural production and can affect people’s physical health. Timely monitoring of the situation of airborne disease spores and effective prevention and control measures are particularly important. In this study, a two-stage separation and enrichment microfluidic chip with arcuate pretreatment channel was designed for the separation and enrichment of crop disease spores, which was combined with micro Raman for Raman fingerprinting of disease conidia and quasi identification. The chip was mainly composed of arc preprocessing and two separated enriched structures, and the designed chip was numerically simulated using COMSOL multiphysics5.5, with the best enrichment effect at W2/W1 = 1.6 and W4/W3 = 1.1. The spectra were preprocessed with standard normal variables (SNVs) to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which was baseline corrected using an iterative polynomial fitting method to further improve spectral features. Raman spectra were dimensionally reduced using principal component analysis (PCA) and stability competitive adaptive weighting (SCARS), support vector machine (SVM) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) were employed to identify fungal spore species, and the best discrimination effect was achieved using the SCARS-SVM model with 94.31% discrimination accuracy. Thus, the microfluidic-chip- and micro-Raman-based methods for spore capture and identification of crop diseases have the potential to be precise, convenient, and low-cost methods for fungal spore detection.
Insulators and Metals With Topological Order and Discrete Symmetry Breaking

Numerous experiments have reported discrete symmetry breaking in the high temperature pseudogap phase of the hole-doped cuprates, including breaking of one or more of lattice rotation, inversion, or time-reversal symmetries. In the absence of translational symmetry breaking or topological order, these conventional order parameters cannot explain the gap in the charged fermion excitation spectrum in the anti-nodal region. Zhao et al. (1601.01688) and Jeong et al. (arXiv:1701.06485) have also reported inversion and time-reversal symmetry breaking in insulating Sr2IrO4 similar to that in the metallic cuprates, but co-existing with Neel order. We extend an earlier theory of topological order in insulators and metals, in which the topological order combines naturally with the breaking of these conventional discrete symmetries. We find translationally-invariant states with topological order co-existing with both Ising-nematic order and spontaneous charge currents. The link between the discrete broken symmetries and the topological-order-induced pseudogap explains why the broken symmetries do not survive in the confining phases without a pseudogap at large doping. Our theory also connects to the O(3) non-linear sigma model and CP1 descriptions of quantum fluctuations of the Neel order. In this framework, the optimal doping criticality of the cuprates is primarily associated with the loss of topological order.
Random Aharonov–Bohm vortices and some exactly solvable families of integrals

A review of the random magnetic impurity model, introduced in the context of the quantum Hall effect, is presented. It models an electron moving in a plane and coupled to random Aharonov–Bohm vortices carrying a fraction of the flux quantum. Recent results on its perturbative expansion are given. In particular, some peculiar families of integrals turn out to be related to the Riemann ζ(3) and ζ(2).