Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cube Root Asymptotics

We establish a new functional central limit theorem for empirical processes indexed by classes of functions. In a neighborhood of a fixed parameter point, and n −1/3 rescaling of the parameter is compensated for by an n 2/3 rescaling of the empirical measure, resulting in a limiting Gaussian process. By means of a modified continuous mapping theorem for the location of the maximizing value, we deduce limit theorems for several statistics defined by maximization or constrained minimization of a process derived from the empirical measure
Growth of carbon nanotubes characterized by field emission measurements during chemical vapor deposition

The growth of multiwall carbon nanotubes is characterized in situ in a chemical vapor deposition reactor by measuring the current extracted by field emission from the growing nanostructures. The lengthening of the nanotubes provokes an increase of the emitted current at constant applied voltage, and the use of a phosphor screen allows to observe the individual emitters during the growth. A simple model permits furthermore to estimate the growth rate. The nanotubes grow with a closed cap under 10 - 2 -10 - 4 mbar of C 2 H2 at 700 °C with a growth rate over I μm/s that increases with the C 2 H 2 pressure. The growth of the nanotubes is neither simultaneous nor homogeneous over the cathode and involves a different activation time for every emitter.
The singular approach for processing polarization-inhomogeneous laser images of blood plasma layers

We present in this work the results of an investigation to analyse the coordinate distributions of azimuths and ellipticity of polarization (polarization maps) in laser images of blood plasma layers for three groups of patients: healthy (group 1), mastopathy (group 2) and breast cancer (group 3). To characterize polarization maps for all groups of samples we use three groups of parameters: statistical moments of the first to fourth orders, autocorrelation functions and logarithmic dependences for power spectra related to distributions of azimuths and ellipticity of polarization inherent to laser images of blood plasma. We ascertain the criteria for diagnosis and differentiation of pathological changes of the breast.
UNCERTAIN EQUIVALENCE METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS ONE-DIMENSIONAL UTILITY ELICITATION

Abstract The paper proposes a new risk-risk method for elicitation of utility over a continuous one-dimensional set of prizes, called uncertain equivalence method. The method adapts the probability equivalence – certainty equivalence transition over the lottery equivalence method, and on the other hand it adapts the probability equivalence-lottery equivalence transition over the certainty equivalence method. A modified midpoint chaining uncertain equivalence recurrent method is developed, which improves the elicitation procedure on the expense of accumulation of error. A generic theoretical representation of the elicitation techniques is presented, and seven methods are analyzed as its special cases. Three requirements for the elicitation procedures of one-dimensional utility are formulated. The proposed methods are compared with the existing techniques against these requirements.
Reducing bias of the maximum-likelihood estimation for the truncated Pareto distribution

The Pareto distribution is an important distribution in statistics, which has been widely used in finance, physics, hydrology, geology, astronomy, and so on. Even though the parameter estimation for the Pareto distribution has been well established in the literature, the estimation problem for the truncated Pareto distribution becomes complex. This article investigates the bias and mean-squared error of the maximum-likelihood estimation for the truncated Pareto distribution, and some useful results are obtained.
Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods

The quality of an analytical method developed is always appraised in terms of suitability for its intended purpose, recovery, requirement for standardization, sensitivity, analyte stability, ease of analysis, skill subset required, time and cost in that order. It is highly imperative to establish through a systematic process that the analytical method under question is acceptable for its intended purpose. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are two important performance characteristics in method validation. LOD and LOQ are terms used to describe the smallest concentration of an analyte that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure. There has often been a lack of agreement within the clinical laboratory field as to the terminology best suited to describe this parameter. Likewise, there have been various methods for estimating it. The presented review provides information relating to the calculation of the limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Brief information about differences in various regulatory agencies about these parameters is also presented here.
Local consonance and the relationship between timbre and scale

The principle of local consonance is based on an explicit parametrization of Plomp and Levelt’s [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 38, 548–560 (1965)] consonance curves. It explains the relationship between the spectrum of a sound (its timbre) and a tuning (or scale) in which the timbre will appear most consonant. This relationship is defined in terms of the local minima of a family of dissonance curves. For certain timbres with simple spectral configurations, dissonance curves can be completely characterized, and bounds are provided on the number and location of points of local consonance. Computational techniques are presented which answer two complementary questions: Given a timbre, what scale should it be played in? Given a desired scale, how can appropriate timbres be chosen? Several concrete examples are given, including finding scales for nonharmonic timbres (the natural resonances of a uniform beam, ‘‘stretched’’ and ‘‘compressed’’ timbres, FM timbres with noninteger carrier‐to‐modulation ratios), and finding t.
An Approach to Subtype Recognition and Extraction of Informative Genes for SRBCT

An approach to tumor molecular classification based on their gene expression profiles was presented. A new measure known as Between-groups to within-groups sums of squares ratio (BSS/WSS) was used as the criterion of screening predictive genes for SRBCT subtype recognition. The 152 genes were chosen by this criterion and formed the feature set whose subsets would be used to create MSVM models to identify the subtypes. The trained MSVM based on the top 25 genes ranked by BSS/WSS was able to achieve 100% accuracy on the training and blind test dataset. Then this subset was analyzed by the dissimilarity distance to remove its redundancy. As a result, the 15 genes were retained with the same accuracy as the subset of 25 genes and were regarded as the final subset. Comparison with other methods demonstrates efficiency and feasibility of the method and the predictive models proposed in this work.
An explicit link between Gaussian fields and Gaussian Markov random fields: the stochastic partial differential equation approach

Summary. Continuously indexed Gaussian fields (GFs) are the most important ingredient in spatial statistical modelling and geostatistics. The specification through the covariance function gives an intuitive interpretation of the field properties. On the computational side, GFs are hampered with the big n problem, since the cost of factorizing dense matrices is cubic in the dimension. Although computational power today is at an all time high, this fact seems still to be a computational bottleneck in many applications. Along with GFs, there is the class of Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRFs) which are discretely indexed. The Markov property makes the precision matrix involved sparse, which enables the use of numerical algorithms for sparse matrices, that for fields in only use the square root of the time required by general algorithms. The specification of a GMRF is through its full conditional distributions but its marginal properties are not transparent in such a parameterization. We show that, using an approximate stochastic weak solution to (linear) stochastic partial differential equations, we can, for some GFs in the Matérn class, provide an explicit link, for any triangulation of , between GFs and GMRFs, formulated as a basis function representation. The consequence is that we can take the best from the two worlds and do the modelling by using GFs but do the computations by using GMRFs. Perhaps more importantly, our approach generalizes to other covariance functions generated by SPDEs, including oscillating and non‐stationary GFs, as well as GFs on manifolds. We illustrate our approach by analysing global temperature data with a non‐stationary model defined on a sphere.
Using Propensity Score Subclassification for Multiple Treatment Doses to Evaluate a National Antidrug Media Campaign

In 1998, the U.S. Office of National Drug Control Policy launched a national media campaign in an effort to reduce and prevent drug use among young Americans. Because the campaign was implemented nationwide, there is no control group available for use in evaluating the effects of the campaign. Nevertheless, it is possible to use propensity score methods to evaluate the effects of the campaign. However, because teens receive varying degrees of exposure to the media campaign, it is necessary to apply propensity score methods that accommodate multiple treatment doses. This work extends that of previous authors to subclassification on the propensity score for observational studies with multiple treatment doses, rather than matching on the propensity score, and proposes modifications to accommodate complex survey data. This methodology is illustrated using data from a pilot study for the media campaign evaluation.
Estimations from geostrophic trajectories of horizontal diffusivity in the mid‐latitude troposphere and lower stratosphere

Zonal and meridional diffusivities Kxx and Kyy have been found at mid-latitudes from the spreads of sets of geostrophic trajectories at levels between 700 mb and 30 mb during each season of 1965. Values have been calculated using the relationship R = e−PT cos qr for the form of the corresponding Lagrangian autocorrelograms. In addition a similar set of Eulerian data has been analysed to obtain autocorrelograms and by comparison with the trajectory data Eulerian-Lagrangian scale relationships have been obtained. The results show values of Kxx ranging from 0·2.106 to about 20.106 and Kyy from 0·2. 106 to about 6.106 m2 sec−1. In both cases the lowest values are found in the summer stratosphere and the highest in the spring stratosphere and in the upper troposphere in winter. Their distributions principally follow that of the wind variances. Integral time scales are mainly between 5 and 30 hours meridionally and 10 and 50 hours zonally and are greatest in the stratosphere and lowest in the mid-troposphere. The contributions of damping and harmonic effects to these time scales are discussed. Comparison of the Lagrangian and Eulerian time scales indicates a mean value β of about 0·6 for their ratio with the meridional values smaller than the zonal values.
Moment of Inertia Dependence of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in Pulsating Winds

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) are unaffected by changes in wind direction, and they have a simple structure and the potential for high efficiency due to their lift driving force. However, VAWTs are affected by changes in wind speed, owing to effects originating from the moment of inertia. In this study, changes in the rotational speed of a small VAWT in pulsating wind, generated by an unsteady wind tunnel, are investigated by varying the wind cycle and amplitude parameters. It is shown that the responses observed experimentally agree with simulations based on torque characteristics obtained under steady rotational conditions. Additionally, a simple equation expressing the relationship between the rotational change width and amplitude of the pulsating wind is presented. The energy efficiency in a pulsating wind remains constant with changes in both the moment of inertia and the wind cycle; however, the energy efficiency decreases when the wind amplitude is large.
Detection and selection effects in observations of faint galaxies

Cosmological predictions of number count and redshift distribution of faint galaxies are made by incorporating detection and selection effects in the theoretical framework. It is shown that the detection rate for galaxies at given apparent magnitude strongly depends on the detection criterion and magnitude measurement algorithm, and that a large number of faint galaxies with high redshift could remain undetected in recent galaxy surveys
On magnetic-field-induced corrections to the orbital and epicyclic frequencies: paper II. Slowly rotating magnetized neutron stars

We study non-geodesic corrections to the quasicircular motion of charged test particles in the field of magnetized slowly rotating neutron stars. The gravitational field is approximated by the Lense–Thirring geometry, and the magnetic field is of the standard dipole character. Using a fully relativistic approach, we determine the influence of the electromagnetic interaction (both attractive and repulsive) on the quasicircular motion. We focus on the behaviour of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies of the motion. Components of the four-velocity of the orbiting charged test particles are obtained by the numerical solution of equations of motion, and the epicyclic frequencies are obtained by using the standard perturbative method. The role of the combined effect of the neutron star magnetic field and its rotation in the character of the orbital and epicyclic frequencies is discussed. It is demonstrated that even in the Lense–Thirring spacetime, particles being static relative to distant observers can exist due to the combined gravo-electromagnetic interaction.
Superprism phenomenon based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

The polarization-dependent superprism phenomenon was demonstrated using holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) films. The HPDLC film is designed and fabricated using three coplanar beams. The fabricated HPDLC film contained two-dimensional (2D) ordered nano-sized LC domains (~150nm in diameter) embedded in a polymer matrix; its periodicity was estimated using a scanning electron microscope to be ~350nm. The dispersion of white light from this HPDLC superprism was ~50°, and the deflection of light output from it was consistent with the theoretical value obtained by the plane wave expansion method.
Joint quasar–cosmic microwave background constraints on reionization history

Based on the work by Mitra, Choudhury & Ferrara, we obtain model-independent constraints on reionization from cosmic microwave background (CMB) and QSO absorption line data by decomposing the function Nion(z) (the number of photons entering the intergalactic medium per baryon in collapsed objects) into its principal components. The main addition in this work is that for the CMB data set, we explicitly include the angular power spectra Cl for TT, TE and EE modes in our analysis which seem to contain somewhat more information than taking the electron scattering optical depth τel as a single data point. Using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, we find that all the quantities related to reionization can be severely constrained at z 6 are still permitted by the current data sets. With currently available data from WMAP7, we constrain 0.080 6 constraints will be improved considerably, e.g. the 2σ error on τel will be reduced to 0.009 and the uncertainties on and will be ∼1 and 3 (95 per cent CL), respectively. For more stringent constraints on reionization at z > 6, one has to rely on data sets other than the CMB. Our method will be useful in such a case since it can be used for non-parametric reconstruction of the reionization history with arbitrary data sets.
The existence of maximal and minimal solution of the nonlinear integrodifferential equation in Banach space

Par une methode iterative monotone, on etudie l'existence des solutions maximales et minimales du probleme aux valeurs initiales pour l'equation integro-differentielle non lineaire x˙(t)=H(t,x,Sx), x(0)=x 0 dans un espace de Banach reel E ou Sx est un operateur integral
Stability classification of a Ricker model with two random parameters

We consider a stochastic version of the Ricker model describing the density of an unstructured isolated population. In particular, we investigate the effects of independently varying the per capita growth rate and the parameter governing density dependent feedback. We derive conditions on the distributions sufficient to guarantee different forms of stochastic stability such as null recurrence or positive recurrence. We find, for example, that null recurrence appears in two widely different scenarios: when there is a mean-zero growth rate or via a growth-catastrophe behaviour.
Field Analysis of the Archimedean Spiral Antenna

Abstract This article offers an alternative to investigating the radiation of the Archimedean spiral antenna. This is one of the possible applications of the more general theory of the radiation problem that is based on the use of the least-squares boundary residual method. The field potentials are expressed through the general wave equation basis functions in a spherical coordinate system. For highly accurate fulfillment of the boundary condition, only 20 modes were required. All field components in both the near and far zones are derived from the radial component of magnetic and electric vector potentials.
Multigrain dust cloud models of starburst and Seyfert galaxies

We present improved, spherically symmetric, multigrain dust models for the far-infrared emission from starburst galaxies, based on an exact radiative transfer code. The parameters of the models are similar to those of the starburst model of Rowan-Robinson & Crawford, with a total optical depth at 1000 A of τ UV = 200 (A v = 40). We also extend these models to the class of ultraluminous compact starburst galaxies, and find that similar models with higher optical depths, up to τ UV = 500, explain the far-infrared spectra of these galaxies. Spherically symmetric models are also presented for the infrared emission from Seyfert galaxies
On the extraction of the self-energy from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We examine a technique commonly used to extract the self-energy from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data. We find that this technique works extremely well for the marginal Fermi liquid model where it follows the analytical model perfectly. Surprisingly, we find a similarly good performance in the case of a Fermi liquid. Finally, we test the influence of the energy and momentum resolution on the results. We find that while the momentum resolution plays only a minor role in the analysis (it slightly inflates the values of the imaginary part of the self-energy), the energy resolution changes the extracted functional form of the self-energy in a significant way at low binding energy.
Oral Protein Supplementation in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Comparative study of Improvement in Serum Albumin levels

: Background: Hemodialysis has been shown to increase protein catabolism and led to significant loss of proteins during hemodialysis. Hypoalbuminemia has been associated with adverse outcomes. Objectives: Main aim of this study is to determine the effect of intradialytic protein supplementation on serum albumin in hemodialysis patients. Methods: 116 patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing twice per week hemodialysis, from 15 september 2015 to 15 March 2016, were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A randomized control trial was conducted after dividing the study population into 2 groups; the study group which received 20g oral protein supplementation and the control group which have not received any supplementation. Outcome in terms of improvement in serum albumin was recorded. Results: There were 49 male and 67 female patients. Mean age of total patients was 57.25 years. 94.1% of the patients showed improvement in serum albumin in the intervention group and 56.9% in the control group. Patients of both genders between 46 to 75years, and those dialyzed for a shorter duration showed significant improvement in serum albumin levels. Conclusion: Intradialytic oral protein supplementation significantly improved serum albumin levels, specifically in elderly patients, it is therefore recommended to routinely administer nutritional supplements in hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients in order to reduce the overall mortality associated with hypoalbuminemia.
Cross-modal Fusion-based Prior Correction for Road Detection in Off-road Environments

Road detection plays a fundamental role in the visual navigation system of autonomous vehicles. However, it's still challenging to achieve robust road detection in off-road scenarios due to their complicated road appearances and ambiguous road structures. Therefore, existing image-based road detection approaches usually fail to extract the right routes due to the lack of the effective fusion of the image and prior reference paths(road guidances generated via map annotations and GPS localization). Besides, the reference paths are not always reliable because of GPS localization errors and mapping errors. To achieve robust road detection in off-road scenarios, we propose a prior-correction-based road detection network named PR-ROAD via fusing the cross-model information provided by both the reference path and the input image. These two heterogeneous data, prior and image, are deeply fused by a cross-attention module and formulate contextual inter-dependencies. We conduct experiments in our collected rural, off-road and urban datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method both on unstructured and structured roads.
Spectral distribution of Australian daylight

Measurements of the spectral distribution of Australian daylight falling on a horizontal plane over the wavelength range 280–2800 nm have been made at two locations in southeastern Australia, one set of measurements in an urban environment and the other in the country. Each set has been subjected to characteristic vector analysis. The major differences between the results and those of northern hemisphere workers are a higher ultraviolet-to-visible ratio and a chromaticity locus slightly to the purple side of the full radiator locus.
Multi-axis Reorientation of a Free-falling Omnidirectional Wheeled Robot

This paper presents reorientation manoeuvres applied to an omnidirectional wheeled robot for impact mitigation during short falls. The proposed robot architecture aims to build upon recent innovations in reorientation robots to attain fast, multi-axis reorientation. Indeed, the use of omnidirectional wheels allows for simplifications to be made with respect to previous mobile robot architectures that make the proposed architecture more efficient for free fall reorientation, while still maintaining free roaming capabilities. To test these improvements, a prototype is built and a free roam and two free fall demonstrations are completed. On the one hand, the free roam demonstration validates that translation along both horizontal axes and rotation about the yaw axis are achieved with the presented prototype. On the other hand, the first free fall demonstration shows that a worst case scenario of a 180-degree reorientation about one axis can be completed in just under 0.45 seconds (one-metre fall) and the second free fall demonstration validates that the prototype is capable of simultaneous reorientation about both the roll and pitch axes. Therefore, the fast, multi-axis reorientation capabilities of the developed prototype are verified.