Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appearance of the prolate and the toroidal magnetic field dominated stars - Analytic approach

We have analyzed magnetized equilibrium states and showed a condition for appearance of the prolate and the toroidal magnetic field dominated stars by analytic approaches. Both observations and numerical stability analysis support that the magnetized star would have the prolate and the large internal toroidal magnetic fields. In this context, many investigations concerning magnetized equilibrium states have tried to obtain the prolate and the toroidal dominant solutions, but many of them have failed to obtain such configurations. Since the Lorentz force is a cross product of current density and magnetic field, the prolate shaped configurations and the large toroidal magnetic fields in stars require a special relation between current density and the Lorentz force. We have analyzed simple analytical solutions and found that the prolate and the toroidal dominant configuration require non force-free toroidal current density that flows in the opposite direction with respect to the bulk current within the star. Such current density results in the Lorentz force which makes the stellar shape prolate. Satisfying this special relation between the current density and the Lorentz force is a key for appearance of the prolate and the toroidal magnetic field dominated magnetized star.
Partonic structure of neutral pseudoscalars via two photon transition form factors

The $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c,b}$ transition form factors are computed using a continuum approach to the two valence-body bound-state problem in relativistic quantum field theory, and thereby unified with equivalent calculations of electromagnetic pion elastic and transition form factors. The resulting $\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ form factor, ${G}_{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}}({Q}^{2})$, is consistent with available data; significantly, at accessible momentum transfers, ${Q}^{2}{G}_{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}}({Q}^{2})$ lies well below its conformal limit. These observations confirm that the leading-twist parton distribution amplitudes of heavy-heavy bound states are compressed relative to the conformal limit. A clear understanding of the distribution of valence quarks within mesons thus emerges, a picture which connects Goldstone modes, built from the lightest quarks in nature, with systems containing the heaviest valence quarks that can now be studied experimentally, and highlights basic facts about manifestations of mass within the Standard Model.
NGC 7097: the AGN and its mirror, revealed by PCA Tomography

Three-dimensional (3D) spectroscopy techniques are becoming more and more popular, producing an increasing number of large data cubes. The challenge of extracting information from these cubes requires the development of new techniques for data processing and analysis. We apply the recently developed technique of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Tomography to a data cube from the center of the elliptical galaxy NGC 7097 and show that this technique is effective in decomposing the data into physically interpretable information. We find that the first five principal components of our data are associated with distinct physical characteristics. In particular, we detect a LINER with a weak broad component in the Balmer lines. Two images of the LINER are present in our data, one seen through a disk of gas and dust, and the other after scattering by free electrons and/or dust particles in the ionization cone. Furthermore, we extract the spectrum of the LINER, decontaminated from stellar and extended nebular emission, using only the technique of PCA Tomography. We anticipate that the scattered image has polarized light, due to its scattered nature. Subject headings: Galaxies: active galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD galaxies: individual (NGC 7097) galaxies: kinematics and dynamics galaxies: nuclei techniques: spectroscopic
Perturbative Unitarity of Inflationary Models with Features

We consider the pertubative consistency of inflationary models with features with effective field theory methods. By estimating the size of one-loop contributions to the three-point function, we find the energy scale where their contribution is of the same order of the tree-level amplitude. It is well-known that beyond that scale, perturbative unitarity is lost and the theory is no more under theoretical control. Requiring that all the relevant energy scales of the problem are below this cutoff, we derive a strong upper bound on the sharpness of the feature, or equivalently on its characteristic time scale, which is independent on the amplitude of the feature itself. We point out that the sharp features which seem to provide better fits to the CMB power spectrum are already outside this bound, questioning the consistency of the models that predict them.
Design and Fabrication of Mature Engineered Pre-Cardiac Tissue Utilizing 3D Bioprinting Technology and Enzymatically Crosslinking Hydrogel

The fabrication of mature engineered cardiac tissue is one of the major challenges in cardiac tissue engineering. For this purpose, we attempted to apply the 3D bioprinting approach. Aiming to construct an oriented tissue, a fine fiber-shaped scaffold with a support structure was first designed using CAD software. Then, a 3D bioprinter and cell-adhesive bio-inks were utilized to fabricate this structure. The cell-adhesive bio-inks were synthesized by combining sodium alginate and gelatin with tyramine, respectively, to form pre-gel materials that allow enzymatic crosslinking by horseradish peroxidase. By absorbance measurements, we confirmed that the tyramine modification rate of each polymer was 0.535 mmol/g-alginate and 0.219 mmol/g-gelatin. The width of the fiber-shaped scaffold was 216.8 ± 24.3 μm for the fabricated scaffold, while the design value was 200 μm. After 3D printing and adhesion-adding treatment of the scaffold with these bio-ink materials, cardiomyocytes were seeded and cultured. As a result, the cells spread onto the scaffold, and the entire pre-tissue contracted synchronously by day 6 of culture, showing a greater pulsatility than in the early days. Video analysis showed that the beating rate of pre-myocardial tissue on day 6 was 31 beats/min. In addition, we confirmed that the cardiomyocytes partially elongated along the long axis of the fiber-shaped scaffold in the pre-tissue cultured for 15 days by staining actin, suggesting the possibility of cell orientation. Furthermore, treatment with adrenaline resulted in a 7.7-fold increase in peak beating rate compared to that before treatment (from 6 beats/min to 46 beats/min), confirming the responsiveness of the pre-tissues to the drug. These results indicate that 3D bioprinting effectively produces mature cultured myocardial tissue that is oriented, contracts synchronously, and is responsive to drugs.
High thermoelectric performance can be achieved in black phosphorus

Few-layer black phosphorus has recently emerged as a promising candidate for novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here we demonstrate by first-principles calculations and Boltzmann theory that black phosphorus could also have potential thermoelectric applications and a fair ZT value of about 1.1 can be achieved at elevated temperature. Moreover, such a value can be further increased to 5.4 by substituting the P atom with the Sb atom, giving a nominal formula of P0.75Sb0. 25. Our theoretical work suggests that high thermoelectric performance can be achieved without using complicated crystal structures or seeking for low-dimensional systems.
Sparse general Wigner-type matrices: Local law and eigenvector delocalization

We prove a local law and eigenvector delocalization for general Wigner-type matrices. Our methods allow us to get the best possible interval length and optimal eigenvector delocalization in the dense case, and the first results of such kind for the sparse case down to $p=\frac{g(n)\log n}{n}$ with $g(n)\to\infty$. We specialize our results to the case of the Stochastic Block Model, and we also obtain a local law for the case when the number of classes is unbounded.
Coronal properties of planet-bearing stars

Context. Do extrasolar planets affect the activity of their host stars? Indications for chromospheric activity enhancement have been found for a handful of targets, but in the X-ray regime, conclusive observational evidence is still missing. Aims. We want to establish a sound observational basis to confirm or reject major effects of Star-Planet Interactions (SPI) in stellar X-ray emissions. Methods. We therefore conduct a statistical analysis of stellar X-ray activity of all known planet-bearing stars within 30 pc distance for dependencies on planetary parameters such as mass and semimajor axis. Results. In our sample, there are no significant correlations of X-ray luminosity or the activity indicator L X /L bol with planetary parameters which cannot be explained by selection effects. Conclusions. Coronal SPI seems to be a phenomenon which might only manifest itself as a strong effect for a few individual targets, but not to have a major effect on planet-bearing stars in general.
On split Leibniz triple systems

In order to study the structure of arbitrary split Leibniz triple systems, we introduce the class of split Leibniz triple systems as the natural extension of the class of split Lie triple systems and split Leibniz algebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of triple systems, we show that any of such Leibniz triple systems $T$ with a symmetric root system is of the form $T=U+\sum_{[j]\in \Lambda^{1}/\sim} I_{[j]}$ with $U$ a subspace of $T_{0}$ and any $I_{[j]}$ a well described ideal of $T$, satisfying $\{I_{[j]},T,I_{[k]}\} =\{I_{[j]},I_{[k]},T\}=\{T,I_{[j]},I_{[k]}\}=0$ if $[j]\neq [k]$.
Observational effects of a running Planck mass

We consider observational effects of a running effective Planck mass in the scalar-tensor gravity theory. At the background level, an increasing effective Planck mass allows a larger Hubble constant $H_0$, which is more compatible with the local direct measurements. At the perturbative level, for cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, an increasing effective Planck mass ($i$) suppresses the unlensed CMB power at $\ell \lesssim 30$ via the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and ($ii$) enhances CMB lensing power. Both effects slightly relax the tension between the current CMB data from the Planck satellite and the standard $\Lambda$CDM model predictions. However, those impacts on the CMB secondary anisotropies are subdominant, and the overall constraints are driven by the background measurements. Combining CMB data from the Planck satellite and an $H_0$ prior from Riess $et$ $al$, we find a $\sim 2\sigma$ hint of a positive running of effective Planck mass. However, the hint goes away when we add other low-redshift observational data including type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations and an Universe age estimation using the oldest stars.
Continuum and line modelling of discs around young stars - I. 300000 disc models for HERSCHEL/GASPS

We have combined the thermo-chemical disc code ProDiMo with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCFOST to calculate a grid of similar to 300 000 circumstellar disc models, systematically varying 11 stellar, disc and dust parameters including the total disc mass, several disc shape parameters and the dust-to-gas ratio. For each model, dust continuum and line radiative transfer calculations are carried out for 29 far-infrared, sub-mm and mm lines of [O i], [C ii], 12CO and o/p-H(2)O under five inclinations. The grid allows us to study the influence of the input parameters on the observables, to make statistical predictions for different types of circumstellar discs and to find systematic trends and correlations between the parameters, the continuum fluxes and the line fluxes. The model grid, comprising the calculated disc temperature and chemical structures, the computed spectral energy distributions, line fluxes and profiles, will be used in particular for the data interpretation of the HERSCHEL open time-key program GASPS. The calculated line fluxes show a strong dependence on the assumed ultraviolet excess of the central star and on the disc flaring. The fraction of models predicting [O i] and [C ii] fine-structure lines fluxes above HERSCHEL/PACS and SPICA/SAFARI detection limits is calculated as a function of disc mass. The possibility of deriving the disc gas mass from line observations is discussed.
Gamification of Education and Learning: Heuristic Elements, Player Types, and Learning Outcomes for Art History Games

Title of Thesis: GAMIFICATION OF EDUCATION AND LEARNING: HEURISTIC ELEMENTS, PLAYER TYPES, AND LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR ART HISTORY GAMES James Hutson, Master of Arts in Game Design, 2022 Thesis Directed by: Prof. Jeremiah Ratican The technology of virtual reality (VR) and the gamification of education and learning has had proven educational benefits, especially in secondary education. However, there remains little to no research on the heuristic elements and mechanics that contribute to learning at the postsecondary level of education. Most research conducted has been refined to science programs, but even in these instances, a study of the effects and interests of different demographics has yet to be considered. Given the visual nature of how the discipline of art history has traditionally been taught, there are a number of virtual reality (VR) applications to assist instructors in the field better engage students in immersive environments to provide a more accurate understanding of subjects covered. In order to capitalize on the strengths of the new digital medium, including immersion, engagement, and presence, the end user needs to be considered. This heuristic study investigates the different experiences, preferences, learning styles, and expectations relating to educational gaming of art history students at a private, Midwestern college. Results demonstrate that effective game design and development need consider the target audience to optimize user experience and learning outcomes.
Channel purification via continuous-variable quantum teleportation with Gaussian postselection

We present a protocol based on continuous-variable quantum teleportation and Gaussian postselection that can be used to correct errors introduced by a lossy channel. We first show that the global transformation enacted by the protocol is equivalent to an effective system composed of a noiseless amplification (or attenuation), and an effective quantum channel, which can in theory have no loss and an amount of thermal noise arbitrarily small, hence tending to an identity channel. An application of our protocol is the probabilistic purification of quantum non-Gaussian states using only Gaussian operations.
X, or, how I learned to start worrying and love Y

Whereas an image classifier is a function f : X → Y, a generative model is a function in the opposite direction g : Y → X . Things are a bit different in this direction. The function f is many-to-one: there are many images that all should be given the same label “fish”. The function g, on the other hand, is one-to-many: there are many possible outputs for any given input. Generative models handle this ambiguity by making g a stochastic function. One way to make a function stochastic is to make it a deterministic function of a stochastic input: g : Z ×Y → X , with z ∼ p(z), z ∈ Z. Often, we use Gaussian noise as the stochastic input: p(z) = N (0,1):
0.25- μ m BiCMOS System-on-Chip for K-/Ka-Band Satellite Communication Transmit–Receive Active Phased Arrays

—The ﬁrst millimeter-wave system-on-chip for dual- band phased array applications is presented as a proof of concept for K-/Ka-band (20/30 GHz) satellite communication on-the-move applications. Each chip includes four transmit (Tx) and two receive (Rx) channels working at Ka- and K-band, respectively. The proposed architecture enables a half-duplex operating mode in two different bands. Its development was driven taking into account the integration into a realistic Tx/Rx shared aperture phased array architecture. Full amplitude and phase control are provided for each channel with high granularity (65536 states). The measured results demonstrate the validity of the proposed chip architecture, even though the channel output power and the noise ﬁgure (NF) are not in full agreement with the simulations. In Tx mode, the channel provides 9.47 dB of gain with 4.19-dBm output power at 1-dB compression. In Rx mode, the channel gain is 21.6 dB with an NF of 5 dB. In a scenario with 5.265° phase steps and 8-dB amplitude tapering capability, the amplitude and phase root-mean-square (RMS) errors within the Tx bandwidth (29.5–30.8 GHz) are equal to 0.52 dB and 3.74°, respectively. The amplitude and phase RMS errors in the Rx bandwidth (19.7–21 GHz) are equal to 2.05 dB and 12.11°, respectively. The chip consumes 340 mW in Tx and 242 mW in Rx mode and occupies 3 . 3 × 3 . 5 mm 2 .
Spectrum and ionization rate of low-energy Galactic cosmic rays

We consider the rate of ionization of diffuse and molecular clouds in the interstellar medium by Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in order to constrain its low-energy spectrum. We extrapolate the GCR spectrum obtained from PAMELA at high energies (≥200 GeV nucleon−1) and a recently derived GCR proton flux at 1–200 GeV from observations of gamma-rays from molecular clouds, and find that the observed average Galactic ionization rate can be reconciled with this GCR spectrum if there is a low-energy cut-off for protons at 10–100 MeV. We also identify the flattening below a few GeV as being due to (a) decrease of the diffusion coefficient and dominance of convective loss at low energy and (b) the expected break in energy spectrum for a constant spectral index in momentum. We show that the inferred CR proton spectrum of for Ekin≤ few GeV is consistent with a power-law spectrum in momentum p−2.45± 0.4, which we identify as the spectrum at source. Diffusion loss at higher energies then introduces a steepening by E−α with α∼ 1/3, making it consistent with high-energy measurements.
Package ‘NetworkComparisonTest’

September 1, 2023 Type Package Title Statistical Comparison of Two Networks Based on Several Invariance Measures Version 2.2. 2 Maintainer Don van den Bergh <d.vandenbergh@uva.nl> Imports stats, graphics, utils, Matrix, methods, reshape2, qgraph, networktools, IsingFit Suggests bootnet, IsingSampler, testthat (>= 3.0.0) Description This permutation based hypothesis test, suited for several types of data supported by the estimateNetwork function of the bootnet package (Epskamp & Fried, 2018), assesses the difference between two networks based on several invariance measures (network structure invariance, global strength invariance, edge invariance, several centrality measures, etc.). Network structures are estimated with l1-regularization. The Network Comparison Test is suited for comparison of independent (e.g., two different groups) and dependent samples (e.g., one group that is measured twice). See van Borkulo et al. (2021), available from <doi:10.1037/met0000476>. License GPL-2 Encoding UTF-8 RoxygenNote 7.2. 3 Config/testthat/edition 3 NeedsCompilation no Author Claudia van Borkulo [aut], Sacha Epskamp [aut], Payton Jones [aut], Jonas Haslbeck [ctb], Alex Millner [ctb], Karoline Huth [ctb], Don van den Bergh [cre] Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2023-09-01 16:00:11 UTC
An SQL Frontend on top of OCaml for Data Analysis

SQL is a widely adopted programming language for relational databases. Its ability to concisely process data sets makes it suitable as a complementary construct for data analysis in general-purpose programming languages. This work presents SelectML , which inte-grates the Select Query capabilities directly into the Ocaml language, where a query is a first-class language construct. Query expressions are in declarative syntax, where programmers can perform filtering, ordering, and grouping operations on data sets with a minimum of code. SelectML retrofits the queries into pure OCaml, based on the formally defined translation schema. Our implementation allows SelectML to be a flexible framework for customizing the types of inputs, outputs and operations of the queries. SelectML deploys query plan optimizations to make query executions more efficient. We also discuss the potential of connecting to databases from SelectML .
Dynamical localization of matter waves in optomechanics

We explain dynamical localization of Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in optomechanics both in position and in momentum space. The experimentally realizable optomechanical system is a Fabry–Pérot cavity with one moving end mirror driven by a single mode standing field. In our study we analyze variations in modulation strength and effective Planck’s constant. Keeping in mind present day experimental advancements, we suggest parameteric values to observe the phenomenon in the laboratory.
Performance Analysis of QUIC versus TCP on Satellite Networks

QUIC is a new network transport protocol used by a growing number of online services to deliver data, with the goal of improving performance over TCP for web browsing. Some of QUIC’s improvements may be greater on Satellite connections, which have a higher round -trip time than typical, wired connections. However, previous research demonstrated that TCP versus QUIC has little to no effect on performance compared to their congestion control algorithms over conventional networks. Many of these studies only tested synthetic loads or used previous standards of QUIC. We conduct a study of the performance of QUIC compared to TCP using an emulated satellite connection to run tests on the latest RFC9000 standard of QUIC. Analysis of our results shows that QUIC performs slightly better than TCP for small, single objects, but does not provide benefits for web browsing over a satellite.
Financing lifelong learning: Funding mechanisms in education and training

This report provides an overview of available evidence on funding mechanisms in education and training. The focus is on empirical evidence relevant for European education institutions. The report covers important research issues for primary and secondary education, higher education, and adult learning. We draw conclusions on the advantages and drawbacks of a wide range of funding mechanisms, including tax incentives, grants and subsidies, loans, and individual learning accounts. The advantages of funding schemes are evaluated with respect to efficiency, quality, equity, and sustainability. the student cohort size. Small cohorts experience higher spending per student than large cohorts, all else equal. Most studies find that education spending the change in the number of pupils, but the evidence from the East in the number of students indicates that the point estimates must be The evidence also shows that aging of the population works in the opposite direction. More elderly will put pressure on spending per student.
Towards A Question Answering System over Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding

Question Answering (QA) over knowledge graphs is a vital topic within information retrieval. Questions with temporal intent are a special case of questions for QA systems that have received only limited attention so far. In this paper, we study using temporal knowledge graph embeddings (TKGEs) for temporal QA. Firstly, we propose a microservice-based architecture for building temporal QA systems on pre-trained TKGE models. Secondly, we present a Bayesian model average (BMA) ensemble method, where results of several link prediction tasks on separated TKGE models are combined to find better answers. Within the system built using the microservice-based architecture, the experiments on two benchmark datasets show that BMA provides better results than the individual models.