Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Low‐Dose Omeprazole (20 mg Daily) on the Pharmacokinetics of Multiple‐Dose Atazanavir With Ritonavir in Healthy Subjects

Atazanavir, a potent protease inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exhibits pH‐dependent solubility. Previous studies have indicated that coadministration with omeprazole 40 mg once daily significantly decreased atazanavir exposure by approximately 75%. Concomitant use of omeprazole and atazanavir is currently not recommended. This study investigated a clinically effective, low dose of omeprazole (20 mg daily) on atazanavir pharmacokinetics in 56 healthy volunteers given atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 and 400/100 mg once daily. All atazanavir/ritonavir plus omeprazole combinations resulted in atazanavir area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and trough concentrations (Cmin) comparable to or exceeding those observed with atazanavir 400 mg without omeprazole. Compared with atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg without omeprazole, atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg plus omeprazole reduced atazanavir AUC and Cmin by 42% and 46%, respectively. Increasing the atazanavir/ritonavir dose to 400/100 mg attenuated the effect of omeprazole, resulting in approximately 30% lower atazanavir Cmin, with all individual Cmin values exceeded by greater than 10‐fold the population mean protein binding‐adjusted EC90 against wild‐type HIV. The effect of omeprazole on atazanavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg was similar whether given 1 hour prior to atazanavir/ritonavir or separated by 12 hours. No unexpected adverse events were noted. This study found that omeprazole 20 mg once daily has significantly less profound effects on atazanavir pharmacokinetics than previously observed with omeprazole 40 mg.
Augmenting and Limiting Search Queries

Introduction Web queries tend to be significantly shorter and less complex than queries used in earlier types of information systems (Jansen & Pooch, 2000; Lawrence & Giles, 1999; Spink et al, 2001). Yet, there is general belief that enriched queries and query reformulation will lead to improved results (Belkin et al, 2001). In our research we are examining the sorts of tools that could assist with the creation of enriched queries and in turn improve the search process and the user’s search experience.
Two Different Points of View through Artificial Intelligence and Vector Autoregressive Models for Ex Post and Ex Ante Forecasting

The ANN method has been applied by means of multilayered feedforward neural networks (MLFNs) by using different macroeconomic variables such as the exchange rate of USD/TRY, gold prices, and the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 100 index based on monthly data over the period of January 2000 and September 2014 for Turkey. Vector autoregressive (VAR) method has also been applied with the same variables for the same period of time. In this study, different from other studies conducted up to the present, ENCOG machine learning framework has been used along with JAVA programming language in order to constitute the ANN. The training of network has been done by resilient propagation method. The ex post and ex ante estimates obtained by the ANN method have been compared with the results obtained by the econometric forecasting method of VAR. Strikingly, our findings based on the ANN method reveal that there is a possibility of financial distress or a financial crisis in Turkey starting from October 2017. The results which were obtained with the method of VAR also support the results of ANN method. Additionally, our results indicate that the ANN approach has more superior prediction performance than the VAR method.
Multinational Business Gaming: Is Gender Important?

SUMMARY The paper reports empirical findings of a study of students involved in international business games. Gender is introduced as a variable that may affect the individual's perception of task complexity, group cohesion, and self-confidence in the international business gaming environment. Findings suggest that females, compared with males, tend to view the simulation as less complex, have less cohesive group structures, and exhibit less self-confidence. However, game performance measures show no significant gender differences. Implications are also discussed for simulation administrators and professors using games in the context of international business training.
Why Not Associate? A Proposed Logic Evaluation Model of Capacity Building Partnerships and Initiatives for Homeowners Associations in Gated Communities

Abstract The article presents theories relating to homeowners association’s capacity building initiatives in the context of gated communities, namely segregation theory and association theory. These two theories were analyzed and criticized for the clarification and crystallization on which theories could be used as appropriate theoretical bases in the conceptualization of the proposed logic evaluation model. The segregation theories considered homeowners associations as residential private governments which have the particular tendency to isolate, insulate and alienate itself because of its spatial, physical and institutional structure and arrangements. The association theories on the other hand regarded homeowners association as an enabling organization capable of transcending these spatial, physical and institutional limitations to forge partnership and alliances with other capacity partners and institutions. A discussion hurling a question to the end of Evan McKenzie’s concept of privatopia was also included as an added dimension to its theoretical debate. In the end, a logic evaluation model for homeowners associations capacity building partnership and initiatives was conceived to become the focal point and most important contribution of the paper.
Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 1 Efficient and Flexible Sampling with Blue Noise Properties of Triangular Meshes

—This paper deals with the problem of taking random samples over the surface of a 3D mesh describing and evaluating efficient algorithms for generating different distributions. We discuss first the problem of generating a Monte Carlo distribution in a efficient and practical way avoiding common pitfalls. Then, we propose Constrained Poisson-disk sampling, a new Poisson-disk sampling scheme for polygonal meshes which can be easily tweaked in order to generate customized set of points such as importance sampling or distributions with generic geometric constraints. In particular, two algorithms based on this approach are presented. An in-depth analysis of the frequency characterization and performance of the proposed algorithms are also presented and discussed.
Changing paradigms for green cellular networks: The case of delay-tolerant users

In this paper, we propose to reduce the energy consumption of cellular networks by leveraging coordinated cell switching algorithms with user cooperation. Cell switching consists in deactivating some base stations in periods of low load in order to reduce the power consumption, while the coverage is provided by remaining active base stations. We propose to maximize these periods of low power consumption by delaying the start of some user services. We present two different strategies to control the cell switching considering the users delay tolerance and we evaluate their performance in the well known Network Simulator 3 (NS-3). We show how appropriate thresholds selection leads to bound the user waiting time, and we highlight how the system load estimation is important for this purpose. Finally, we show that power reductions from 18% to 72% are possible for different offered load levels in the network when using the proposed algorithms.
Alternative media, diasporas and the mediation of the Zimbabwe crisis

Historically, societies living under repressive regimes have always come up with alternative forms of communication as tools of subversion. While underground newspapers and ‘pirate radio’ have been some of the most common forms, the advent of new communication technologies in recent years has brought new forms of alternative media with greater possibilities for transnational and even wider citizen participation and empowerment. This study starts from the premise that Zimbabwe's restricted democratic space has spawned a multiplicity of alternative public spheres that enable groups and individuals to continue to participate and engage in the wider debate on the mutating crisis gripping the country since the turn of the century. The paper looks at how Zimbabweans in the diaspora are creatively exploiting new media to resist state propaganda churned out through the mainstream media. The study analyses foreign-based news websites on Zimbabwe and seeks to ascertain the nature and extent of their contribution to the ongoing discourse on the Zimbabwe crisis. It looks at the organisational and production aspects of these alternative media, and how these affect their performance as alternative channels of discourse.
CRIS: A test cultivation program for sequential VLSI circuits

An approach to cultivating a test for combinational and sequential VLSI circuits described hierarchically at the transistor, gate, and higher levels is discussed. The approach is based on continuous mutation of a given input sequence and on analyzing the mutated vectors for selecting the test set. The approach uses a hierarchical simulation technique in the analysis to drastically reduce the memory requirement, thus allowing the test generation for large VLSI circuits. The algorithms are at the switch level so that general MOS digital designs can be handled, and both stuck-at and transistor faults are handled accurately. The approach was implemented in a hierarchical test generation system, CRIS, that runs under UNIX on SPARC workstations. CRIS was used successfully to generate tests with high fault coverage for large combinational and sequential circuits. <<ETX>>
[Functional involvement of P-glycoprotein in blood-brain barrier].

Abstract P-glycoprotein, an active efflux pump of antitumor agents in multidrug-resistant tumor cells, exists in various normal tissues, including brain capillaries. To study the physiological function of P-glycoprotein expressed in brain capillary endothelium, we established nine mouse brain capillary endothelial cell (MBEC) lines and examined the transport of antitumor agents across the monolayer of MBEC epithelia. In the MBECs, the activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, specific markers for brain capillary endothelial cells, were about three times higher than those in other cells including human umbilical vein endothelial cells. By immunoblot analysis, P-glycoprotein was detected in all of the nine MBEC clones. The P-glycoprotein expressed in MBECs specifically bound [125I]iodoaryl azidoprazosin as that in multidrug-resistant cells, and efflux of vincristine was observed in the MBECs. When MBECs were grown on a porous filter membrane, they formed a monolayer of epithelium. By immunoelectron microscopic analysis, P-glycoprotein in MBEC epithelia was shown to be localized to the apical surface of the cells. Moreover, the unidirectional transepithelial transport of vincristine from basal side to apical side was demonstrated in vitro. These observations indicate that P-glycoprotein in brain capillary endothelium prevents vincristine from entering the central nervous system and thus may be one of the functional components of the blood-brain barrier.
The peripheral and central mechanisms underlying itch

Itch is one of the most distressing sensations that substantially impair quality of life. It is a cardinal symptom of many skin diseases and is also caused by a variety of systemic disorders. Unfortunately, currently available itch medications are ineffective in many chronic itch conditions, and they often cause undesirable side effects. To develop novel therapeutic strategies, it is essential to identify primary afferent neurons that selectively respond to itch mediators as well as the central nervous system components that process the sensation of itch and initiate behavioral responses. This review summarizes recent progress in the study of itch, focusing on itch-selective receptors, signaling molecules, neuronal pathways from the primary sensory neurons to the brain, and potential decoding mechanisms based on which itch is distinguished from pain. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 474-487]
Neuropeptide Y‐like signalling and nutritionally mediated gene expression and behaviour in the honey bee

Previous research has led to the idea that derived traits can arise through the evolution of novel roles for conserved genes. We explored whether neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐like signalling, a conserved pathway that regulates food‐related behaviour, is involved in a derived, nutritionally‐related trait, the division of labour in worker honey bees. Transcripts encoding two NPY‐like peptides were expressed in separate populations of brain neurosecretory cells, consistent with endocrine functions. NPY‐related genes were upregulated in the brains of older foragers compared with younger bees performing brood care (‘nurses’). A subset of these changes can be attributed to nutrition, but neuropeptide F peptide treatments did not influence sugar intake. These results contrast with recent reports of more robust associations between division of labour and the related insulin‐signalling pathway and suggest that some elements of molecular pathways associated with feeding behaviour may be more evolutionarily labile than others.
Urinary tract infections in females.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompass a wide variety of clinical entities. These include urethritis, cystitis, and acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Often the condition is clinically silent and detected only by the finding of large numbers of microorganisms in the urine. Asymptomatic bacteriuria or asymptomatic funguria may be limited to colonization of the urine without an apparent inflammatory response. This condition should be considered to be an asymptomatic infection when accompanied by pyuria. Asymptomatic individuals are at risk of developing symptomatic infection.
Highly active catalyst derived from a 3D foam of Fe(PO3)2/Ni2P for extremely efficient water oxidation

Significance The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a sluggish reaction with poor catalytic efficiency, which is one of the major bottlenecks in realizing water splitting, CO2 reduction, and rechargeable metal–air batteries. In particular, the commercial utilization of water electrolyzers requires an exceptional electrocatalyst that has the capacity of delivering ultra-high oxidative current densities above 500 mA/cm2 at an overpotential below 300 mV with long-term durability. Few catalysts can satisfy such strict criteria. Here we report a promising oxygen-evolving catalyst with superior catalytic performance and long-term durability; to the best of our knowledge, it is one of the most active OER catalysts reported thus far that satisfies the criteria for large-scale commercialization of water–alkali electrolyzers. Commercial hydrogen production by electrocatalytic water splitting will benefit from the realization of more efficient and less expensive catalysts compared with noble metal catalysts, especially for the oxygen evolution reaction, which requires a current density of 500 mA/cm2 at an overpotential below 300 mV with long-term stability. Here we report a robust oxygen-evolving electrocatalyst consisting of ferrous metaphosphate on self-supported conductive nickel foam that is commercially available in large scale. We find that this catalyst, which may be associated with the in situ generated nickel–iron oxide/hydroxide and iron oxyhydroxide catalysts at the surface, yields current densities of 10 mA/cm2 at an overpotential of 177 mV, 500 mA/cm2 at only 265 mV, and 1,705 mA/cm2 at 300 mV, with high durability in alkaline electrolyte of 1 M KOH even after 10,000 cycles, representing activity enhancement by a factor of 49 in boosting water oxidation at 300 mV relative to the state-of-the-art IrO2 catalyst.
Screening for STIs in individuals with HIV infection

In Australia, Victoria has seen an increase in new HIV cases from 1999 to 2000,1 and this rise has been sustained in 2001. The rise primarily involves men who have sex with men (MSM), where rates of unprotected anal intercourse and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have also increased.1 As bacterial STIs enhance HIV transmission,2 screening for asymptomatic infections may reduce the incidence of HIV. A sexual health service in Melbourne reviewed medical records of MSM clients with HIV infection. This was conducted to determine how commonly STI screening of asymptomatic clients is …
L'organisation cognitive du système d'attachement des adolescents et leurs perceptions de l'encadrement dyadique en tutorat.

Cet article examine les liens entre l'organisation cognitive du systeme d'attachement des adolescents et leurs perceptions de l'encadrement dyadique en tutorat. Quatre-vingt-dix-huit etudiants inscrits a un programme volontaire de tutorat ont rempli, a la fin du programme, l'Entrevue sur l'attachement a l'âge adulte (EAA) et des mesures evaluant leurs perceptions de securite et de controle dans la relation avec le tuteur-enseignant. Les perceptions d'efficacite du tutorat ont egalement ete evaluees a la fin du programme et 4 mois plus tard. Les resultats indiquent que les tendances d'attachement preoccupe et esquivant sont toutes deux associees a des perceptions negatives de l'encadrement en tutorat. Certaines de ces relations sont cependant moderees par l'appariement des sexes dans les dyades maitre-etudiant. Ces resultats sont discutes a la lumiere des premisses de la theorie de l'attachement.
Avoiding monocular artifacts in clinical stereotests presented on column-interleaved digital stereoscopic displays

New forms of stereoscopic 3-D technology offer vision scientists new opportunities for research, but also come with distinct problems. Here we consider autostereo displays where the two eyes' images are spatially interleaved in alternating columns of pixels and no glasses or special optics are required. Column-interleaved displays produce an excellent stereoscopic effect, but subtle changes in the angle of view can increase cross talk or even interchange the left and right eyes' images. This creates several challenges to the presentation of cyclopean stereograms (containing structure which is only detectable by binocular vision). We discuss the potential artifacts, including one that is unique to column-interleaved displays, whereby scene elements such as dots in a random-dot stereogram appear wider or narrower depending on the sign of their disparity. We derive an algorithm for creating stimuli which are free from this artifact. We show that this and other artifacts can be avoided by (a) using a task which is robust to disparity-sign inversion—for example, a disparity-detection rather than discrimination task—(b) using our proposed algorithm to ensure that parallax is applied symmetrically on the column-interleaved display, and (c) using a dynamic stimulus to avoid monocular artifacts from motion parallax. In order to test our recommendations, we performed two experiments using a stereoacuity task implemented with a parallax-barrier tablet. Our results confirm that these recommendations eliminate the artifacts. We believe that these recommendations will be useful to vision scientists interested in running stereo psychophysics experiments using parallax-barrier and other column-interleaved digital displays.
Both RadA and RadB Are Involved in Homologous Recombination inPyrococcus furiosus *

RecA and Rad51 proteins are essential for homologous recombination in Bacteria andEukarya, respectively. Homologous proteins, called RadA, have been described for Archaea. Here we present the characterization of two RecA/Rad51 family proteins, RadA and RadB, fromPyrococcus furiosus. The radA andradB genes were not induced by DNA damage resulting from exposure of the cells to γ and UV irradiation and heat shock, suggesting that they might be constitutively expressed in this hyperthermophile. RadA had DNA-dependent ATPase, D-loop formation, and strand exchange activities. In contrast, RadB had a very weak ATPase activity that is not stimulated by DNA. This protein had a strong binding affinity for DNA, but little strand exchange activity could be detected. A direct interaction between RadA and RadB was detected by an immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, RadB, but not RadA, coprecipitated with Hjc, a Holliday junction resolvase found inP. furiosus, in the absence of ATP. This interaction was suppressed in the presence of ATP. The Holliday junction cleavage activity of Hjc was inhibited by RadB in the absence, but not in the presence, of ATP. These results suggest that RadB has important roles in homologous recombination in Archaea and may regulate the cleavage reactions of the branch-structured DNA.
SIMPLEstone: Benchmarking Presence Server Performance

Presence is an important enabler for communication in Internet telephony systems. Presence-based services depend on accurate and timely delivery of presence information. Hence, presence systems need to be appropriately dimensioned to meet the growing number of users, varying number of devices as presence sources, the rate at which they update presence information to the network and the rate at which network distributes the user’s presence information to the watchers. SIMPLEstone is a set of metrics for benchmarking the performance of presence systems based on SIMPLE. SIMPLEstone benchmarks a presence server by generating requests based on a work load specification. It measures server capacity in terms of request handling capacity as an aggregate of all types of requests as well as individual request types. The benchmark treats different configuration modes in which presence server interoperates with the Session Initiation protocol (SIP) server as one block.
Transformation de l'espace de description pour l'apprentissage par transfert

Dans ce papier, nous proposons une étude sur l’utilisation de l’apprentissage topologique pondéré et les méthodes de factorisation matricielle pour transformer l’espace de représentation d’un jeu de données "sparse" afin d’augmenter la qualité de l’apprentissage, et de l’adapter au cas de l’apprentissage par transfert. La factorisation matricielle nous permet de trouver des variables latentes et l’apprentissage topologique pondéré est utilisé pour détecter les plus pertinentes parmi celles-ci. La représentation de nouvelles données est basée sur leurs projections sur le modèle topologique pondéré. Pour l’apprentissage par transfert, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode où la représentation des données est faite de la même manière que dans la première phase, mais en utilisant un modèle topologique élagué. Les expérimentations sont présentées dans le cadre d’un Challenge International où nous avons obtenu des résultats prometteurs (5ieme rang de la compétition internationale).
Development-based trust: proposing and validating a new trust measurement model for buyer-seller relationships

This study proposes and validates a trust measurement model for buyer-seller relationships. Baptized as development-based trust, the model encompasses three dimensions of trust: calculus-based, knowledge-based and identification-based. In addition to recognizing that trust is a multidimensional construct, the model also assumes that trust can evolve to take on a different character depending on the stage of the relationship. In order to test the proposed model and compare it to the characteristic-based trust measurement model, the measure most frequently used in the buyer-seller relationship literature, data were collected from 238 clients of an IT product wholesaler. The results show that the scales are valid and reliable and the proposed development-based trust measurement model is superior to the characteristic-based trust measurement model in terms of its ability to explain certain variables of interest in buyer-seller relationships (long-term relationship orientation, information sharing, behavioral loyalty and future intentions). Implications for practice, limitations and suggestions for future studies are discussed.