Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity And Hyperinflation

The paper weakens the orthodox argument that firm control of the money supply is sufficient to control the rate of inflation in the medium to long run. It argues that local linearisation is not the appropriate strategy for dealing with macroeconomic models: the global dynamics should be analysed, using simulation methods if necessary. The paper provides an example of how striking analytical (including policy) results may depend as much on the method of analysing a model as on the economic assumptions upon which it is based.
Drosophila larval to pupal switch under nutrient stress requires IP3R/Ca2+ signalling in glutamatergic interneurons

Neuronal circuits are known to integrate nutritional information, but the identity of the circuit components is not completely understood. Amino acids are a class of nutrients that are vital for the growth and function of an organism. Here, we report a neuronal circuit that allows Drosophila larvae to overcome amino acid deprivation and pupariate. We find that nutrient stress is sensed by the class IV multidendritic cholinergic neurons. Through live calcium imaging experiments, we show that these cholinergic stimuli are conveyed to glutamatergic neurons in the ventral ganglion through mAChR. We further show that IP3R-dependent calcium transients in the glutamatergic neurons convey this signal to downstream medial neurosecretory cells (mNSCs). The circuit ultimately converges at the ring gland and regulates expression of ecdysteroid biosynthetic genes. Activity in this circuit is thus likely to be an adaptation that provides a layer of regulation to help surpass nutritional stress during development. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.17495. 001
Finding the Sweet Spot: Fine-Tuning DBS Parameters to Cure Seizures While Avoiding Psychiatric Complications

Reversible Psychiatric Adverse Effects Related to Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamus in Patients With Refractory Epilepsy Järvenpää S, Peltola J, Rainesalo S, et al. Epilepsy Behav. 2018;88:373-379. Objective: Anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) deep brain stimulation (DBS) is becoming a more common treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy and depression display a bidirectional association. Anterior nucleus of thalamus has connections to anterior cingulate cortex and orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, hence, a possible role in emotional and executive functions, and thus, ANT DBS might exert psychiatric adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate previous and current psychiatric symptoms in patients with epilepsy undergoing ANT DBS surgery and assess the predictability of psychiatric adverse effects. Programming-related psychiatric adverse effects are also reported. Method: Twenty-two patients with ANT DBS for retractable epilepsy were examined, and a psychiatric evaluation of depressive and other psychiatric symptoms was performed with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Symptom Checklist prior to surgery, concentrating on former and current psychiatric symptoms and medications. The follow-up visit was 1 year after surgery. Results: At the group level, no changes in mood were observed during ANT DBS treatment. Two patients with former histories of depression experienced sudden depressive symptoms related to DBS programming settings; these were quickly alleviated after changing the stimulation parameters. In addition, 2 patients with no previous histories of psychosis gradually developed clear paranoid and anxiety symptoms that also relieved slowly after changing the programming settings. Conclusion: The majority of our ANT DBS patients did not experience psychiatric adverse effects. Certain DBS parameters might predispose to sudden depressive or slowly manifesting paranoid symptoms that are reversible via programming changes.
A wireless sensor network based pipeline monitoring system

This paper proposes a Pipeline Monitoring system using the technology of Wireless Sensor Networks. This research involves the development of a Remote Condition Based Monitoring application for Oil and Gas pipelines using over 100 Wireless Sensor Network Motes. This paper describes the research methodology and a step-wise system development procedure. It starts with the description of an application specific Test Bed for the Pipeline Monitoring System. The subsequent section describes the development of experimental protocols required for designing a Cross-Layered Protocol Stack for the monitoring application. Further, a performance metric based comparative analysis of the experimental protocols is presented giving rise to a high performance and energy efficient Cross-Layered Protocol Stack. This study also includes a short literature survey which conveys the advantages of WSN based Pipeline Monitoring system over contemporary condition based pipeline monitoring systems. The proposed protocol stack consists of Time Synchronization, Routing, Topology Control and Media Access Control protocols. The protocol stack exhibits inherent characteristics of low energy consumption and low memory usage which are vital in the development of a Wireless Sensor Network framework. In addition to this, a user friendly Graphical User Interface for data logging and real time data analysis has also been developed and presented as a part of this study.
Development of a competition model for a cryptosystem based on the analytical hierarchic process

The objective of this paper is to develop and to validate a competition model which allows to determine when a cryptosystem type is the best-suiteddest to transmit in a communications channel, depending on the kind of technological used device (cellular phone, PDA, notebook, other ones). The results obtained for this dynamic analysis determine the kind of encryption that should be used at the channel in a given time.
A algorithm of noise reduction for ultrasonic image on time difference method based on an improved median filter

This paper presents an improved median filter for ultrasonic image on time difference method as. Firstly, using the noise characteristics of randomness and incoherence, specially the impulse noise characteristics of short-time and great amplitude, however the characteristics of signal are certainty, continuity and relevance. The algorithm also can adjust the length of window adaptively and ensures its rationality and effectiveness in essence. At the same time, it uses the global median, global threshold and discrete move-window instead of the traditional continuous slide-window, simplified operand, reduced the computation time. In addition, instead of the traditional subtraction, the algorithm uses the results obtained by dividing the absolute value of initial data subtracts the median with the median as the condition for judging singular point, making the effective threshold have a selected range among the orders of magnitude and improving its operability and practicability. Finally, the simulation results compared with traditional median, show that the improved median algorithm is simple, quick and effective. It can remove the noise completely and retain the defect information perfectly.
How is alpha‐synuclein cleared from the cell?

The levels and conformers of alpha‐synuclein are critical in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease and related synucleinopathies. Homeostatic mechanisms in protein degradation and secretion have been identified as regulators of alpha‐synuclein at different stages of its intracellular trafficking and transcellular propagation. Here we review pathways involved in the removal of various forms of alpha‐synuclein from both the intracellular and extracellular environment. Proteasomes and lysosomes are likely to play complementary roles in the removal of intracellular alpha‐synuclein species, in a manner that depends on alpha‐synuclein post‐translational modifications. Extracellular alpha‐synuclein is cleared by extracellular proteolytic enzymes, or taken up by neighboring cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, and degraded within lysosomes. Exosomes, on the other hand, represent a vehicle for egress of excess burden of the intracellular protein, potentially contributing to the transfer of alpha‐synuclein between cells. Dysfunction in any one of these clearance mechanisms, or a combination thereof, may be involved in the initiation or progression of Parkinson's disease, whereas targeting these pathways may offer an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
D 1 ( CCND 1 ) A 870 G polymorphism on colorectal cancer risk is modified by glutathione-S-transferase polymorphisms and isothiocyanate intake in the Singapore

Affiliations: Molecular Epidemiology/Cancer Registry, Institutes of Social and Preventive Medicine/Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Vogelsangstr. 10, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; 2 The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; 4 Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
Chemical Characterization of Submicron Aerosol and Particle Growth 1 Events at a National Background Site (3295 m a.s.l.) on the Tibetan 2 Plateau 3

19 Atmospheric aerosols exert highly uncertain impacts on radiative forcing and also 20 have detrimental effects on human health. While aerosol particles are widely 21 characterized in megacities in China, aerosol composition, sources and particle growth in rural areas in the Tibetan Plateau remain less understood. Here we present 23 the results from an autumn study that was conducted from 5 September to 15 October 24 2013 at a national background monitoring station (3295 m a.s.l.) in the Tibetan 25 Plateau. The submicron aerosol composition and particle number size distributions 26 were measured in situ with an Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor 27 (ACSM) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The average mass 28 concentration of submicron aerosol (PM 1 ) is 11.4 μ g m -3 (range: 1.0 - 78.4 μ g m -3 ) for 29 the entire study, which is much lower than those observed at urban and rural sites in 30 eastern China. Organics dominated PM 1 on average accounting for 43%, followed by 31 sulfate (28%) and ammonium (11%). Positive matrix factorization analysis of ACSM 32 organic aerosol (OA) mass spectra identified an oxygenated OA (OOA) and a biomass 33 burning OA (BBOA). The OOA dominated OA composition accounting for 85% on 34 average, 17% of which was inferred from aged BBOA. The BBOA contributed a 35 considerable fraction of OA (15%) due to the burning of cow dung and straws in 36 September. New particle formation and growth events were frequently observed (80% 37 of time) throughout the study. The average particle growth rate is 2.0 nm hr -1 (range: 38 0.8 – 3.2 nm hr -1 ). By linking the evolution of particle number size distribution to 39 aerosol composition, we found an elevated contribution of organics during particle 40 growth periods and also a positive relationship between the growth rate and the 41 fraction of OOA in OA, which potentially indicates an important role of organics in 42 particle growth in the Tibetan Plateau.
Bounds on Lyapunov exponents

Lyapunov exponents describe the asymptotic behavior of the singular values of large products of random matrices. A direct computation of these exponents is however often infeasible. Here we derive an analytical upper and lower bound for the maximal and minimal Lyapunov exponent, respectively. The bounds are tight in the commutative case and other scenarios. They can be expressed in terms of an optimization problem that only involves single matrices rather than large products. The upper bound for the maximal Lyapunov exponent can be evaluated efficiently via the theory of convex optimization.
Xu: An Automated Query Expansion and Optimization Tool

The exponential growth of information on the Internet is a big challenge for information retrieval systems towards generating relevant results. Novel approaches are required to reformat or expand user queries to generate a satisfactory response and increase recall and precision. Query expansion (QE) is a technique to broaden users' queries by introducing additional tokens or phrases based on some semantic similarity metrics. The tradeoff is the added computational complexity to find semantically similar words and a possible increase in noise in information retrieval. Despite several research efforts on this topic, QE has not yet been explored enough and more work is needed on similarity matching and composition of query terms with an objective to retrieve a small set of most appropriate responses. QE should be scalable, fast, and robust in handling complex queries with a good response time and noise ceiling. In this paper, we propose Xu, an automated QE technique, using high dimensional clustering of word vectors and Datamuse API, an open source query engine to find semantically similar words. We implemented Xu as a command line tool and evaluated its performances using datasets containing news articles and human-generated QEs. The evaluation results show that Xu was better than Datamuse by achieving about 88% accuracy with reference to the human-generated QE.
A trace theorem for Sobolev spaces on the Sierpinski gasket

We give a discrete characterization of the trace of a class of Sobolev spaces on the Sierpinski gasket to the bottom line. This includes the L2 domain of the Laplacian as a special case. In addition, for Sobolev spaces of low orders, including the domain of the Dirichlet form, the trace spaces are Besov spaces on the line.
Knowns and Unknowns of Assaying Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Against HIV-1

It is now well-accepted that Fc-mediated effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), can contribute to vaccine-elicited protection as well as post-infection control of HIV viremia. This picture was derived using a wide array of ADCC assays, no two of which are strictly comparable, and none of which is qualified at the clinical laboratory level. An earlier comparative study of assay protocols showed that while data from different ADCC assay formats were often correlated, they remained distinct in terms of target cells and the epitopes and antigen(s) available for recognition by antibodies, the effector cells, and the readout of cytotoxicity. This initial study warrants expanded analyses of the relationships among all current assay formats to determine where they detect overlapping activities and where they do not. Here we summarize knowns and unknowns of assaying ADCC against HIV-1.
Analytical modeling and resource planning for cognitive radio systems

Cognitive radio heralds the next step in the evolution of wireless communications. In this paper, an analytical model for infrastructure based cognitive radio systems is proposed, and its performance is evaluated under bursty traffic scenarios in a multiple cell environment. Performance metrics like probabilities of dropping and blocking for primary and secondary users as well as forced termination and forced frequency handoff for secondary users are investigated, and the analytical model is verified with simulations. In addition to the analytical model, a new resource planning method is proposed to compensate for uneven traffic load distribution. The proposed method considers offered traffic, hop count to the heavily loaded cell, and velocity of mobile users during resource planning and performs better in terms of probability of blocking, dropping, and forced termination. The proposed method is promising in balancing the system performance measures, yet there is room for further improvement for finding a closed formula for the proposed analytical model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algebraic structures on quasi-primary states in superconformal algebras

The algebraic structure on the subspace of the quasi-primary vectors given by the projection of the (n) products of a conformal superalgebra is formulated. As an application the complete list of simple physical conformal superalgebras is given. The list contains a one-parameter family of superconformal algebras with 4 supercharges that is simple for general values.
A census of massive stars in NGC 346

Spectroscopy for 247 stars towards the young cluster NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud has been combined with that for 116 targets from the VLT-FLAMES Survey of Massive Stars. Spectral classification yields a sample of 47 O-type and 287 B-type spectra, while radial-velocity variations and/or spectral multiplicity have been used to identify 45 candidate single-lined (SB1) systems, 17 double-lined (SB2) systems, and one triple-lined (SB3) system. Atmospheric parameters (Teff and log g) and projected rotational velocities (ve sin i) have been estimated using TLUSTY model atmospheres; independent estimates of ve sin i were also obtained using a Fourier Transform method. Luminosities have been inferred from stellar apparent magnitudes and used in conjunction with the Teff and ve sin i estimates to constrain stellar masses and ages using the BONNSAI package. We find that targets towards the inner region of NGC 346 have higher median masses and projected rotational velocities, together with smaller median ages than the rest of the sample. There appears to be a population of very young targets with ages of less than 2 Myr, which have presumably all formed within the cluster. The more massive targets are found to have lower projected rotational velocities consistent with previous studies. No significant evidence is found for differences with metallicity in the stellar rotational velocities of early-type stars, although the targets in the Small Magellanic Cloud may rotate faster than those in young Galactic clusters. The rotational velocity distribution for single non-supergiant B-type stars is inferred and implies that a significant number have low rotational velocity (≃10% with ve < 40 km s−1), together with a peak in the probability distribution at ve≃ 300 km s−1. Larger projected rotational velocity estimates have been found for our Be-type sample and imply that most have rotational velocities between 200–450 km s−1.
Binospec: A Wide-field Imaging Spectrograph for the MMT

Binospec is a high-throughput, 370 to 1000 nm, imaging spectrograph that addresses two adjacent 8′ by 15′ fields of view. Binospec was commissioned in late 2017 at the f/5 focus of the 6.5 m MMT and is now available to all MMT observers. Aperture masks cut from stainless steel with a laser cutter are used to define the entrance apertures that range from 15′ long slits to hundreds of 2″ slitlets. System throughputs, including the MMT’s mirrors and the f/5 wide-field corrector peak at ∼30%. Three reflection gratings, duplicated for the two beams, provide resolutions (λ/Δλ) between 1300 and >5000 with a 1″ wide slit. Two through-the-mask guiders are used for target acquisition, mask alignment, guiding, and precision offsets. A full-time Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor allows continuous adjustment of primary mirror support forces, telescope collimation and focus. Active flexure control maintains spectrograph alignment and focus under varying gravity and thermal conditions.
Quantum transport phenomena and their modeling

The physical foundations of the received models in semiconductor device modeling are reviewed, and their limitations for the simulation of small devices are discussed. The limitations result from non–local effects. These may be classified into classical non–localities, that arise far from equilibrium, and quantum–mechanical non– localities, that result from the wave nature of the charge carriers. In this paper we discuss simulation strategies capable of addressing both types of non–localities.
Triangular Semiparametric Models Featuring Two Dependent Endogenous Binary Outcomes

This paper addresses the estimation of a class of models which features two endogenous and dependent binary outcomes. This class includes the triangular model with a binary outcome and a binary treatment, and several interesting variants on the sample selection model. The structure of the model imposes no distributional assumptions on the disturbances nor does it require that they enter additively. We formulate a quasi maximum likelihood estimator with semiparametric components that incorporate several bias adjustments. Under these adjustments, we establish desirable large sample properties using regular kernels in place of higher order kernels. Simulation evidence con rms that this estimator performs well in nite samples. Address correspondence to Chan Shen, Department of Economics, Georgetown University, ICC 580, 37th and O Sts. , NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA; e-mail: cs589@georgetown.edu.
Alignment-Free Cross-Sensor Fingerprint Matching Based on the Co-Occurrence of Ridge Orientations and Gabor-HoG Descriptor

The existing automatic fingerprint verification methods are designed to work under the assumption that the same sensor is installed for enrollment and authentication (regular matching). There is a remarkable decrease in efficiency when one type of contact-based sensor is employed for enrolment and another type of contact-based sensor is used for authentication (cross-matching or fingerprint sensor interoperability problem). The ridge orientation patterns in a fingerprint are invariant to the sensor type. Based on this observation, we propose a robust fingerprint descriptor called the co-occurrence of ridge orientations (Co-Ror), which encodes the spatial distribution of ridge orientations. Employing this descriptor, we introduce an efficient automatic fingerprint verification method for cross-matching problem. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness of the method, we incorporate scale-based ridge orientation information through the Gabor-HoG descriptor. The two descriptors are fused with the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and the matching score between two fingerprints is calculated using city-block distance. The proposed method is alignment-free and can handle the matching process without the need for a registration step. The intensive experiments on two benchmark databases (FingerPass and MOLF) show the effectiveness of the method and reveal its significant enhancement over the state-of-the-art methods, such as VeriFinger (a commercial SDK), minutia cylinder-code (MCC), MCC with scale, and the thin-plate spline (TPS) model. The proposed research will help security agencies, service providers, and law-enforcement departments to overcome the interoperability problem of contact sensors of different technologies and interaction types.
Stochastic Fading Channel Models with Multiple Dominant Specular Components for 5G and Beyond

We introduce a comprehensive statistical characterization of the multipath wireless channel built as a superposition of a number of scattered waves with random phases. We consider an arbitrary number $N$ of specular (dominant) components plus other diffusely propagating waves. Our approach covers the cases on which the specular components have constant amplitudes, as well as when these components experience random fluctuations. These propagation scenarios are found in different use cases of 5G networks, as well as in the context of large intelligent surface based communications. We show that this class of fading models can be expressed in terms of a continuous mixture of an underlying Rician (or Rician shadowed) fading model, averaged over the phase distributions of the specular waves. It is shown that the fluctuations of the specular components have a detrimental impact on performance, and the best performance is obtained when there is only one specular component.