Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
le point sur… - Imagerie de diffusion : moelle et rachis

Depuis de nombreuses années, l’IRM est l’examen de choix dans la prise en charge diagnostique et dans le suivi des pathologies rachidiennes et médullaires. Elle bénéficie d’une excellente sensibilité dans la détection des atteintes médullaires, aussi bien en phase aiguë que chronique, et permet dans bon nombre de cas de mettre en œuvre au plus tôt les thérapeutiques adaptées et de guider les équipes spécialisées quant à la pertinence ou non d’une prise en charge chirurgicale rapide (1). Cependant, dans certains cas, la spécificité des images obtenues reste limitée et peut laisser place au doute sur l’origine de certaines atteintes (2). Comme dans l’IRM encéphalique (3-7) en routine, l’utilisation de séquences de diffusion pourrait représenter un apport considérable dans l’exploration des différentes pathologies médullaires aiguës et chroniques. Malgré de nombreuses publications faisant état de l’intérêt et de la possibilité de réaliser de l’imagerie de diffusion sur la moelle (8, 9), cette technique reste peu utilisée et ne fait pas partie du quotidien de l’imageur. Nous nous proposons de : • rappeler le principe de l’imagerie de diffusion, ainsi que les différentes techniques aujourd’hui disponibles pour la réaliser ; • exposer les contraintes spécifiques de réalisation de l’imagerie de diffusion sur la moelle ; • décrire la technique utilisée, identifier et savoir adapter les paramètres jouant un rôle sur la qualité de l’image ; • présenter à travers quelques cas cliniques l’utilité de ce type de séquence. Rappels sur l’imagerie de diffusion
Cochlear Injury and Adaptive Plasticity of the Auditory Cortex

Growing evidence suggests that cochlear stressors as noise exposure and aging can induce homeostatic/maladaptive changes in the central auditory system from the brainstem to the cortex. Studies centered on such changes have revealed several mechanisms that operate in the context of sensory disruption after insult (noise trauma, drug-, or age-related injury). The oxidative stress is central to current theories of induced sensory-neural hearing loss and aging, and interventions to attenuate the hearing loss are based on antioxidant agent. The present review addresses the recent literature on the alterations in hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons due to noise-induced oxidative stress in the cochlea, as well on the impact of cochlear damage on the auditory cortex neurons. The emerging image emphasizes that noise-induced deafferentation and upward spread of cochlear damage is associated with the altered dendritic architecture of auditory pyramidal neurons. The cortical modifications may be reversed by treatment with antioxidants counteracting the cochlear redox imbalance. These findings open new therapeutic approaches to treat the functional consequences of the cortical reorganization following cochlear damage.
Komunikasi Lintas Budaya: Proses Adaptasi Mahasiswa Papua di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses adaptasi komunikasi pada Mahasiswa Papua di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan wawancara serta dokumentasi. Informan dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses adaptasi komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa asal Papua di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura menemukan hambatan-hambatan seperti perbedaan bahasa, perbedaan sosial budaya, dan kejutan budaya (culture shock). Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, mahasiswa Papua melalukan upaya, seperti mempelajari budaya Madura, menjalin hubungan pertemanan dengan penduduk asli Madura, mengikuti organisasi, membentuk himpunan yang menaungi secara langsung mahasiswa asal Papua di Universitas Trunojoyo Madura. Ada beberapa hal yang dapat memengaruhi, seperti pandangan atau persepsi tentang Madura, alasan atau motivasi untuk melakukan perpindahan budaya ke Madura, kendala saat melakukan interaksi, baik itu sesama mahasiswa atau masyarakat sekitar.
Phylogeny reconstruction: the role of morphology.

In this article we explore the paradox of why morphological data are currently utilized less for phylogeny reconstruction than are DNA sequence data, whereas most of what we know about phylogeny stems from classifications founded on morphological data. The crucial difference between the two data sources relates to the number of potentially unambiguous characters available, their ease and speed of discovery, and their suitability for analysis using transformational models. We consider that the increased use of DNA sequence data, relative to morphology, for phylogeny reconstruction is inevitable and well founded, but that a crucial issue remains concerning the role of morphology in phylogeny reconstruction. We present the view that rigorous and critical anatomical studies of fewer morphological characters, in the context of molecular phylogenies, is a more fruitful approach to integrating the strengths of morphological data with those of sequence data. This approach is preferable to compiling larger data matrices of increasingly ambiguous and problematic morphological characters. We argue below that a main constraint of morphologybased phylogenetic inference concerns the limited number of unambiguous characters available for analysis in a transformational framework. This problem of a limited number of unambiguous characters is further compounded by obstacles to accurate homology assessment and character coding, which further reduce the number of characters available for analysis. We discuss and disagree with the view that more morphological data should be used in phylogeny reconstruction. Furthermore, we consider the claim that the greatest strength of morphological data-increased taxon sampling-to be mistaken. In the discussion that follows we use "phylogeny reconstruction" to refer to the computer-based algorithmic analyses routinely conducted in systematics today.
EXPRESSION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS POTENTIAL ROLE IN CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION

Background: To determine the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in choroidal neovascularization. Methods: Surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) were obtained at vitrectomy from eight eyes with age-related macular degeneration, five eyes with high myopia, and two eyes with angioid streaks. Light microscopic immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect CTGF, transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pancytokeratin, and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Results: CNVMs were classified by fibrotic status as cellular CNVM, moderate fibrous CNVM, and extensive fibrous CNVM. CTGF expression was found in vascular cells, stromal cells, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. For the stromal cells, fibroblastlike cells were most strongly positive for CTGF. CTGF immunoreactivity in the stroma was stronger in the fibrous CNVMs than in the cellular CNVMs. Immunohistochemical analysis of serial sections revealed colocalization of CTGF with TGF-β1 and VEGF; colocalization of CTGF with pancytokeratin and SMA was also found. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that transdifferentiated RPE cells and vascular cells possess remarkable CTGF expression in CNVMs. This expression of CTGF may stimulate fibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix and may promote angiogenesis in vascular cells. Colocalized TGF-β1 and VEGF may also contribute the upregulation of CTGF.
SDSSE: A Self-Driven RPC Load Balancing Method in Datacenter

Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) load balancing is crucial to maximize server resource utilization and reduce tail latency in data center. Existing load balancing methods deploy a frontend server acting as a load balancer, responsible for requesting backend server workload and routing RPC requests to backend server. However, existing methods suffer from two issues. Firstly, they introduce additional latency to RPC by requiring the frontend server to request the resource utilization of backend servers. Secondly, as the number of RPC requests grows, the frontend server becomes a bottleneck in the system, limiting the scalability of the load balancing approach. Programmable switches have become an effective way to serve high traffic rates involving many concurrent flows. In this paper, we propose a novel RPC load balancing approach that enables the programmable switch to take over the RPC request load balancing function. By maintaining a local estimation of the distribution of the backend server workload, the switch can directly guide the selection of a suitable backend server. We formulate optimizing server selection policy as a Bandits with Knapsack (BwK) problem. Our objective is to strike a balance between maximizing the cumulative utilization of server resources and minimizing cumulative latency. Extensive experiments in diverse scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve server selection policy and boost RPC load balancing performance.
Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Regulates Proliferation and Growth Inhibition by Nitric Oxide in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Objective—Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) was identified as a substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). It is preferentially phosphorylated at serine239 by PKG, whereas serine157 is a preferred phosphorylation site for PKA. In addition, serine157 is phosphorylated by PKC in response to serum. We have investigated the effects of VASP and VASP phosphorylation at serine157 and serine239 on smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated growth inhibition. Methods and Results—Aortic SMCs derived from VASP-deficient mice were transduced with retroviral vectors encoding either wild-type VASP or VASP mutants (S157A-VASP and S239A-VASP), in which serine157 and serine239, respectively, were replaced by a nonphosphorylatable amino acid, alanine. Expression of wt-VASP and S239A-VASP significantly increased proliferation, whereas expression of S157A-VASP was inhibitory. Expression of S239A-VASP rendered SMCs less sensitive to growth inhibition by the NO donor, S-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine, when compared with cells expressing wt-VASP. Similar effects were observed in cultured rat SMCs in which wt-VASP, S157A-VASP, and S239A-VASP were expressed. Conclusions—Our data suggest that VASP phosphorylation at serine157 is required for the growth-stimulatory effect of VASP in SMCs, whereas VASP phosphorylation at serine239 is involved in the growth inhibitory effects of NO on SMCs.
Female-specific wing degeneration caused by ecdysteroid in the Tussock Moth, Orgyia recens: Hormonal and developmental regulation of sexual dimorphism

Abstract Females of the tussock moth Orgyia recens have vestigial wings, whereas the males have normal wings. During early pupal development, female wings degenerate drastically compared with those of males. To examine whether ecdysteroid is involved in this sex-specific wing development, we cultured pupal wings just after pupation with ecdysteroid (20-hydroxyecdysone, 20E). In the presence of 20E, the female wings degenerated to about one-fifth their original size. In contrast, the male wings cultured with 20E showed only peripheral degeneration just outside the bordering lacuna, as in other butterflies and moths. TUNEL analysis showed that apoptotic signals were induced by 20E over the entire region of female wings, but only in the peripheral region of male wings. Semi-thin sections of the wings cultured with ecdysteroid showed that phagocytotic hemocytes were observed abundantly throughout the female wings, but in only peripheral regions of male wings. These observations indicate that both apoptotic events and phagocytotic activation are triggered by ecdysteroid, in sex-specific and region-specific manners.
Pandora's Problem with Deadlines

Pandora’s problem is a fundamental model that studies optimal search under costly inspection. In the classic version, there are n boxes, each associated with a known cost and a known distribution over values. A strategy inspects the boxes sequentially and obtains a utility that equals the difference between the maximum value of an inspected box and the total inspection cost. Weitzman (1979) presented a surprisingly simple strategy that obtains the optimal expected utility. In this work we introduce a new variant of Pandora’s problem in which every box is also associated with a publicly known deadline, indicating the final round by which its value may be chosen. This model captures many real-life scenarios where alternatives admit deadlines, such as candidate interviews and college admissions. Our main result is an efficient threshold-based strategy that achieves a constant approximation relative to the performance of the optimal strategy for the deadlines setting.
The Benefit Of Joint Border Cooperation Between Malaysia And Indonesia Through Sosek-malindo Cooperation In North Kalimantan Province

Indonesia and Malaysia have long borders on land and sea on the island of Kalimantan. Sarawak and Sabah on the Malaysian side are bordered by the provinces of West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan on the Indonesian side. Border cooperation has been started since 1967 which focused on security aspects and then developed including economic aspects in 1984. In 1995 a Malaysia-Indonesia Working Committee was formed on the Socio-economic Work Cluster or Sosek-Malindo Cooperation between East Kalimantan and Sabah. In 2013 when several districts in East Kalimantan Province were made into the new Province of North Kalimantan, the Sosek-Malindo Cooperation then included Sabah and the new province. This article analyzes the benefits of the Sosek-Malindo Cooperation from North Kalimantan Province point of view. This research is using descriptive qualitative method with collecting data through interviews and secondary data analysis. The conclusion shows that Sosek-Malindo Cooperation has not brought much benefit to the province of North Kalimantan regarding goods and other living necessities are still supplied from Malaysia.
A cascaded method to detect aircraft in video imagery

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have played vital roles recently in both military and non-military applications. One of the reasons UAVs today are unable to routinely fly in US National Airspace (NAS) is because they lack the sense and ability to avoid other aircraft. Although certificates of authorization can be obtained for short-term use, it entails significant delays and bureaucratic hurdles. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a sensing system that is equivalent to or has greater performance than a human pilot operating under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). This is challenging because of the need to detect aircraft out to at least 3 statute miles, while doing so on field-of-regard as large as 30°( vertical) × 220°( horizontal) and within the payload constraints of a medium-sized UAV. In this paper we report on recent progress towards the development of a field deployable sense-and-avoid system and concentrate on the detection and tracking aspect of the system. We tested a number of approaches and chose a cascaded approach that resulted in 100% detection rate (over about 40 approaches) and 98% tracking rate out to 5 statute miles and a false positive rate of 1 every 50 frames. Within a range of 3.75 miles we can achieve nearly 100% tracking rate.
End-to-end design of real-time systems

This chapter presents a comprehensive design methodology for guaranteeing end to end re quirements of real time systems Applications are structured as a set of process components connected by asynchronous channels in which the endpoints are the system s external inputs and outputs Timing constraints are then postulated between these inputs and outputs they express properties such as end to end propagation delay temporal input sampling correlation and allowable separation times between updated output values The automated design method works as follows First new tasks are created to correlate related inputs and an optimization algorithm whose objective is to minimize CPU utilization transforms the end to end requirements into a set of intermediate rate constraints on the tasks If the algorithm fails a restructuring tool attempts to eliminate bottlenecks by transforming the application which is then re submitted into the assignment algorithm The nal result is a schedulable set of fully periodic tasks which collaborativelymaintain the end to end constraints This research is supported in part by ONR grant N NSF grant CCR and NSF Young Investigator Award CCR
On Energy Efficiency and Spectral Efficiency Joint Optimization of Ultra Dense Networks

Deploying ultra dense networks (UDNs) is a major trend in the evolution of cellular networks, where the number of base stations (BSs) may exceed the number of users. In this paper, we investigate energy and spectral efficient frequency reuse strategies in hexagonally deployed cells, where BS sleeping is allowed for a cell without active users. Toward this goal, we derive the closed form expression of the energy efficiency (EE)and spectral efficiency (SE), and find the optimal frequency reuse strategies that maximize the EE and SE, respectively. Our analyses show that full frequency reuse is SE-optimal for cellular networks with all ratios of BS to user density, but is EE-optimal only when the BS-user density ratio exceeds a threshold (i.e. in UDNs), while using orthogonal frequency band among adjacent cells is EE-optimal when the ratio of density is less than the threshold. The normalized EE gain of full frequency reuse in UDNs increases with the number of BSs. Simulation results validate our analysis and illustrate the EE gain with typical BS-user density ratios.
Using Context Distance Measurement to Analyze Results across Studies

Providing robust decision support for software engineering (SE) requires the collection of data across multiple contexts so that one can begin to elicit the context variables that can influence the results of applying a technology. However, the task of comparing contexts is complex due to the large number of variables involved. This works extends a previous one in which we proposed a practical and rigorous process for identifying evidence and context information from SE papers. The current work proposes a specific template to collect context information from SE papers and an interactive approach to compare context information about these studies. It uses visualization and clustering algorithms to help the exploration of similarities and differences among empirical studies. This paper presents this approach and a feasibility study in which the approach is applied to cluster a set of papers that were independently grouped by experts.
Visual attention for content based image retrieval

A new image retrieval method, based on human visual attention models, called query by saliency content retrieval (QSCR) is presented in this paper. Each image is segmented and a set of characteristic features is evaluated for each region. The saliency for each image region, as it would be perceived by a human observer, is estimated for each region and then used for image retrieval. Images displaying similar features and characterized by similar saliency are then retrieved from the database. Both local and global saliency are considered in the retrieval process. The proposed method ranks the similarity between the query and the a set of given images using the Earth Mover Distance algorithm.
Identification of Gene Expression Changes Associated With Long-Term Memory of Courtship Rejection in Drosophila Males

Long-term memory formation in Drosophila melanogaster is an important neuronal function shaping the insect’s behavioral repertoire by allowing an individual to modify behaviors on the basis of previous experiences. In conditioned courtship or courtship suppression, male flies that have been repeatedly rejected by mated females during courtship advances are less likely than naïve males to subsequently court another mated female. This long-term courtship suppression can last for several days after the initial rejection period. Although genes with known functions in many associative learning paradigms, including those that function in cyclic AMP signaling and RNA translocation, have been identified as playing critical roles in long-term conditioned courtship, it is clear that additional mechanisms also contribute. We have used RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes and transcript isoforms between naïve males and males subjected to courtship-conditioning regimens that are sufficient for inducing long-term courtship suppression. Transcriptome analyses 24 hours after the training regimens revealed differentially expressed genes and transcript isoforms with predicted and known functions in nervous system development, chromatin biology, translation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and transcriptional regulation. A much larger number of differentially expressed transcript isoforms were identified, including genes previously implicated in associative memory and neuronal development, including fruitless, that may play functional roles in learning during courtship conditioning. Our results shed light on the complexity of the genetics that underlies this behavioral plasticity and reveal several new potential areas of inquiry for future studies.
Linguistic Diversity and Theoretical Assumptions

1. Introduction The morphosyntactic diversity of human languages raises problems for many commonly held theoretical assumptions. Syntactic theories typically arise out of the study of a restricted set of issues in a specific group of languages, and then after the fundamental principles of the theory and its analytic constructs have been worked out on the basis of these data, an attempt is usually made to extend the approach to new issues and language-types. Chomskyan syntax grew out of the study of English, and this is still reflected in many of the theory's crucial assumptions , e.g. the necessity of a universal phrasal category headed by V and excluding the subject. 1 Relational Grammar [RelG], on the other hand, developed out of the analysis of a wider range of languages, but all were syntactically accusative, hence its postulation of what look like traditional Indo-European grammatical relations as universal primitives. Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] took a rather different starting point from generative approaches; it asked the question, 'what would syntactic theory look like if it were based on Lakhota, Tagalog and Dyir-bal, rather than on English? ' Interesting problems arise when theories expand their analytic reach beyond the initial range of data which motivated them, and the purpose of this paper is to look at the ways theories deal with morphosyntactic phenomena which appear prima facie to be incompatible with one of more of their central assumptions. Three theoretical assumptions will be examined: (1) the universal validity of X-bar theory without discontinuous constituency; (2) the consistency of grammatical relations within a language; and (3) the linked units in complex sentences are VPs or clauses. Every theory does not make all of these assumptions, but most theoretical approaches make one or more of them. In the following sections, data problematic for each of these assumptions will be presented, and then the responses to them from several theories will be summarized. Conclusions will be presented in the final section.