Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Celiac Disease and Diabetes-Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (CD-DIET) protocol: a randomised controlled study to evaluate treatment of asymptomatic coeliac disease in type 1 diabetes

Introduction Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition characterised by gluten-induced intestinal inflammation, and observed at a 5–10 fold greater prevalence in type 1 diabetes. While universal screening for CD in patients with diabetes is frequently advocated, objective data is limited as to benefits on diabetes control, bone health or quality of life related to the adoption of a gluten-free diet (GFD) in the large proportion of patients with diabetes with asymptomatic CD. The Celiac Disease and Diabetes-Dietary Intervention and Evaluation Trial (CD-DIET) study is a multicenter, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a GFD in patients with type 1 diabetes with asymptomatic CD. Methods and analysis Children and adults (8–45 years) with type 1 diabetes will be screened for asymptomatic CD. Eligible patients with biopsy-proven CD will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with a GFD for 1 year, or continue with a gluten-containing diet. The primary outcome will evaluate the impact of the GFD on change in glycated haemoglobin. Secondary outcomes will evaluate changes in bone mineral density, blood glucose variability and health-related quality of life between GFD-treated and the regular diet group over a 1-year period. The study was initiated in 2012 and has subsequently expanded to multiple paediatric and adult centres in Ontario, Canada. Ethics and dissemination The findings from this study will provide high-quality evidence as to the impact of GFD treatment on glycaemic control and complications in asymptomatic children and adults with CD and type 1 diabetes. Trial registration number NCT01566110.
The Liberals' Moment: The McGovern Insurgency and the Identity Crisis of the Democratic Party

When George McGovern lost the 1972 presidential election, Richard Nixon's landslide victory buried more than an insurgent campaign. In resurrecting the largely forgotten story of McGovern's remarkable presidential bid, Bruce Miroff reveals how his crushing defeat produced an identity crisis for liberals torn between their convictions and the political calculations required to win elections - a dilemma for Democrats that has never gone away. Miroff follows the campaign from its surprising rise to its catastrophic fall to remind us how a dark-horse candidate captured the nomination - and then disastrously chose a running mate with a hidden past. Drawing on interviews with dozens of participants - including McGovern himself - who share a wealth of anecdotes and insights, Miroff traces the insurgency to the political struggles of the sixties, explores McGovern's ideology, and assesses the Republican attack politics that linked McGovern to "acid, amnesty, and abortion. " Miroff shows how the transformative election of 1972 signaled a major shift in the Democratic base - from urban blue-collar New Dealers to suburban, issue-oriented activists (feminists and gay rights advocates among them) - as the party shed its Cold War past and embraced an antiwar orientation. He also illuminates how the McGovern campaign mastered the new game of presidential primaries and explores the formative experiences of a generation of talented young political actors, including campaign manager Gary Hart, political newcomer Bill Clinton, and future party strategists Bob Shrum and John Podesta. In excavating the 1972 landslide, he follows the subsequent careers of the young McGovernites and describes the loss' effects on later Democratic presidential campaigns. By tracing the transformation of American liberalism and sixties idealism from their political crash in 1972 to the muddled centrism of the twenty-first century, "The Liberals' Moment" shows what the McGovern insurgency has to teach us today - and identifies what Democrats must do in order to reassume the mantle of progressive change.
Who is here: location aware face recognition

Face recognition has many challenges. For instance, the illumination, various facial expression and different viewpoints add difficulties to identify the same person from a bunch of images. Searching over a huge set of images will only amplify such difficulties. We introduce the location aware face recognition framework for mobile-taken photos to alleviate the hardness. With the help of location sensor on the mobile devices, we collect images with location information. We propose an algorithm to reduce the search space of face recognition and therefore achieve better accuracy. Photos are clustered by locations on the server. Each location is then associated with a face classifier. Every client can send a "Who is Here" type query to the server by uploading an image with the location. The algorithm on the server will search over the given location and identify the person on the image. Experiments are conducted on mobile devices. The results are quite promising that higher accuracy is achieved and the query can be answered in near real-time.
Impact of joint versus sole custody and quality of co‐parental relationship on adjustment of adolescents in remarried families

The effects of legal custody arrangement and quality of the co-parental relationship on the adjustment of adolescents in remarried families was examined. Joint custody was associated with better relationships with step-parents and more family cohesion. Girls in sole custody families and boys in joint custody families reported high anxiety. Girls in sole custody families reported the remarriage to have a negative effect on their relationships with their custodial biological parents. Hostility in the co-parental relationship was associated with more loyalty conflicts and more increase in psychosomatic and psychosocial problems around the time of the remarriage.
What causes a tip-of-the-tongue state? Evidence for lexical neighbourhood effects in speech production

Are we more likely to have tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states on some words rather than others? We report two experiments in which we manipulate the frequency and phonological distinctiveness of the target words. We show that TOTs are more likely to arise on low-frequency words that have few close phonological neighbours. We further discuss the effect of word length upon lexical access. The data are interpreted in terms of a two-stage model of lexical access in speech production. We argue that TOTs arise because of a transient difficulty in accessing unusual phonological word forms after the corresponding abstract lexical representation has been successfully accessed. Our data fit a partial activation model of the origin of TOTs rather than an interference model. Indeed, we argue that phonological neighbours usually play a supporting rather than a blocking role in lexical access. We conclude that the role of lexical neighbourhoods may have been underestimated in previous research on lexicalization in language production.
Towards semantic visual representation: augmenting image representation with natural language descriptors

Learning image representations has been an interesting and challenging problem. When users upload images to photo sharing websites, they often provide multiple textual tags for ease of reference. These tags can reveal significant information about the content of the image such as the objects present in the image or the action that is taking place. Approaches have been proposed to extract additional information from these tags in order to augment the visual cues and build a multi-modal image representation. However, the existing approaches do not pay much attention to the semantic meaning of the tags while they encode. In this work, we attempt to enrich the image representation with the tag encodings that leverage their semantics. Our approach utilizes neural network based natural language descriptors to represent the tag information. By complementing the visual features learned by convnets, our approach results in an efficient multi-modal image representation. Experimental evaluation suggests that our approach results in a better multi-modal image representation by exploiting the two data modalities for classification on benchmark datasets.
Commitment, flexibility and the choice of employment contracts

The study of the factors influencing a firm’s choice of employment contract occupies a critical role in the strategic human resource management literature. However, existing research does not adequately address an important question in an uncertain environment: Can a firm balance the apparently conflicting considerations of ‘commitment’ and ‘flexibility’, underlying employment contracts? By integrating research on transaction cost economics and the resource-based view, we propose that a firm may avoid the tradeoff between commitment and flexibility by differentiating between two types of human asset specificity: ‘firm specificity’ and ‘usage specificity’. The interplay between the two types of human asset specificity and their value-creation potential has fundamentally different implications for a firm’s choice of employment contract. By distinguishing between behavioral and competitive uncertainties, we propose that different types of uncertainties may influence levels of commitment and flexibility, and ultimately the choice of employment contract. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Grafting Using Injectable Calcium Sulfate in Bone Tumor Surgery: Comparison with Demineralized Bone Matrix-based Grafting

Background Injectable calcium sulfate is a clinically proven osteoconductive biomaterial, and it is an injectable, resorbable and semi-structural bone graft material. The purpose of this study was to validate the clinical outcomes of injectable calcium sulfate (ICS) grafts as compared with those of a demineralized bone matrix (DBM)-based graft for filling in contained bony defects created by tumor surgery. Methods Fifty-six patients (41 males and 15 females) with various bone tumors and who were surgically treated between September 2003 and October 2007 were included for this study. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups, and either an ICS graft (28 patients) or a DBM-based graft (28 patients) was implanted into each contained defect that was developed by the surgery. The radiographic outcomes were compared between the two groups and various clinical factors were included for the statistical analysis. Results When one case with early postoperative pathologic fracture in the DBM group was excluded, the overall success rates of the ICS and DBM grafting were 85.7% (24/28) and 88.9% (24/27) (p > 0.05), respectively. The average time to complete healing was 17.3 weeks in the ICS group and 14.9 weeks in the DBM group (p > 0.05). Additionally, the ICS was completely resorbed within 3 months, except for one case. Conclusions Although the rate of resorption of ICS is a concern, the injectable calcium sulfate appears to be a comparable bone graft substitute for a DBM-based graft, with a lower cost, for the treatment of the bone defects created during surgery for various bone tumors.
Extending an interoperable platform to facilitate the creation of multilingual and multimodal NLP applications

U-Compare is a UIMA-based workflow construction platform for building natural language processing (NLP) applications from heterogeneous language resources (LRs), without the need for programming skills. U-Compare has been adopted within the context of the METANET Network of Excellence, and over 40 LRs that process 15 European languages have been added to the U-Compare component library. In line with METANET’s aims of increasing communication between citizens of different European countries, U-Compare has been extended to facilitate the development of a wider range of applications, including both multilingual and multimodal workflows. The enhancements exploit the UIMA Subject of Analysis (Sofa) mechanism, that allows different facets of the input data to be represented. We demonstrate how our customised extensions to U-Compare allow the construction and testing of NLP applications that transform the input data in different ways, e.g., machine translation, automatic summarisation and text-to-speech.
Self‐efficacy for coping with cancer in melanoma patients: its association with physical fatigue and depression

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of self‐efficacy for coping with cancer (SECC) on physical fatigue and depressive symptoms in melanoma patients, in comparison with objective factors, such as treatment with interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) and medical and sociodemographic variables. Current literature shows that psychological distress in melanoma patients is generally moderate, that they experience high quality of life, and that symptoms of depression and fatigue have been mostly associated with adjuvant IFN‐α treatment
Phoneme accuracy as a function of mode of communication in pediatric cochlear implantation

This study investigated phoneme accuracy in cochlear implanted (CI) children using auditory-oral versus total communication modes of communication as a function of sentences containing words easily guessed by the linguistic environment versus words unaided by the linguistic environment. A total of 173 children from 33 different states and five Canadian provinces participated. Communication mode was assessed through a parental rating scale inquiring how emphasis was placed on speech and auditory development in the educational setting. Thirty-six sentences varying in length (three, five, or seven syllables) contained a key word predicting speech intelligibility in deaf children. Average phoneme accuracy was 76.38% for the CI children. Across CI participants, vowel productions were more accurate (81.30%) than consonants (73.64%). Overall, phoneme accuracy was higher for key words in sentences containing more contextual information (78.57%) than lower contextual information (74.21%). Consonants were more accurately produced in high context sentences (75.75%) than low context sentences (71.48%). Similarly, vowels were more accurately produced in high context sentences (84.10%) than low context sentences (78.39%). Children using auditory-oral modes of communication were significantly more accurate than children using total communication at producing accurate place and manner of articulation features. Place of articulation accuracy was not significantly influenced by the contextual cues of the sentences: similar accuracy values were observed for high (70.2%) and low (67.9%) contexts. Accuracy of place of articulation features was highest for bilabial (86.3%), followed by labiodental (75.8%), alveolar (73.3%), velar (67.5%), and palatal (58.2%) places of articulation. Production patterns of CI children resemble those sensorineural hearing loss children in several ways including: 1) more accurate production of vowels than consonants; 2) visible consonants are produced more accurately than less visible consonants; and 3) less complex manipulations of airflow are more accurately produced than more complex manipulations.
Increased proportions of CCR4+ cells among peripheral blood CD4+ cells and serum levels of allergen-specific IgE antibody in canine chronic rhinitis and bronchitis

Canine chronic rhinitis (CR) and bronchitis (CB) are suspected to be allergic diseases. The present study tested whether dogs diagnosed with CR or CB present an atopic predisposition based on the ratio of CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-positive cells among peripheral blood CD4-positive cells (CCR4/CD4) and the serum levels of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. We found that most dogs with CR and CB have a possibility of atopic predisposition, and macrolide therapy constitutes an alternative to corticosteroid therapy in controlling the clinical signs.
Accurate QCD predictions for heavy-quark jets at the Tevatron and LHC

Heavy-quark jets are important in many of today's collider studies and searches, yet predictions for them are subject to much larger uncertainties than for light jets. This is because of strong enhancements in higher orders from large logarithms, ln(pt/mQ). We propose a new definition of heavy-quark jets, which is free of final-state logarithms to all orders and such that all initial-state collinear logarithms can be resummed into the heavy-quark parton distributions. Heavy-jet spectra can then be calculated in the massless approximation, which is simpler than a massive calculation and reduces the theoretical uncertainties by a factor of three. This provides the first ever accurate predictions for inclusive b- and c-jets, and the latter have significant discriminatory power for the intrinsic charm content of the proton. The techniques introduced here could be used to obtain heavy-flavour jet results from existing massless next-to-leading order calculations for a wide range of processes. We also discuss the experimental applicability of our flavoured jet definition.
Teachers' collaborative inquiry and professional growth: Should we be optimistic?

As professional learning communities (PLCs) are proliferating as a form of teacher professional development, it is important to understand what “PLC work” is and how it impacts teacher learning. This article reports on secondary science and mathematics teachers' participation in PLCs and engagement in collaborative inquiry. The PLC provided a structure for coming together; their inquiry questions focused their attention on gaps between a shared vision for student learning and student achievement. Qualitative data from three in-depth cases are analyzed in three categories: (1) collective activities, (2) questions raised, and (3) knowledge generated. The cases show different trajectories of teachers' PLC work and reveal the difficulties teachers had in asking critical questions about their practices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed93: 548–580, 2009
Teachers' democratic and efficacy beliefs and styles of coping with behavioural problems of pupils with special needs

This study examines how teachers actually cope with behavioural problems of included students. In order to understand the impact of individual differences on teachers' coping strategies, the authors looked at the relationship between these strategies and teachers' democratic beliefs and self‐efficacy. Participants were 33 teachers in Israel, who teach inclusive classes (1st–3rd grade). Data were collected through classroom observations, teacher interviews and questionnaires. In the interviews, teachers reported that they preferred helpful strategies as a solution to behavioural problems; however, classroom observation revealed that teachers actually used more restrictive responses. These results indicated that there is a gap between teachers' hypothetical knowledge and their applications of this knowledge in authentic classroom situations. In addition, positive correlations were found between teachers' democratic beliefs, teacher efficacy and the use of helpful strategies in regard to different behavioural problems. Practical implications for teacher education are discussed.
Locking in Returns : Speeding Up Q-Learning by Scaling

One problem common to many reinforcement learning algorithms is their need for large amounts of training, resulting in a variety of methods for speeding up these algorithms. We propose a novel method that is remarkable both for its simplicity and its utility in speeding up Q-learning. It operates by scaling the values in the Q-table after limited, typically small, amounts of learning. Empirical results in a variety of domains, including a partially observable multi-agent domain that is exceptionally difficult to solve using standard reinforcement learning algorithms, show significant speedups in learning when using scaling.
IgG Oligosaccharide Alterations Are a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Disease Activity and the Clinical Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) share several immunologic similarities with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA have significantly increased levels of serum agalactosyl immunoglobulin G (IgG). Our aim was to investigate the clinical significance of analyzing the oligosaccharide structure of serum IgG in patients with IBD.METHODS:Serum IgG oligosaccharide structures were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography in 60 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 58 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 27 healthy volunteers (HV), and 15 disease controls (DC). The activity and mRNA level of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase (Beta4GalT) in antibody-secreting cells were investigated in these subjects.RESULTS:The agalactosyl fraction of the fucosylated IgG oligosaccharides (G0F/G2F) in CD and UC was significantly greater than that in HV and DC (P < 0.001). The percentage of subjects with a high G0F/G2F in CD, UC, HV, and DC was 72%, 33%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. G0F/G2F, which is significantly correlated with disease severity in both CD and UC, had higher sensitivity to diagnose IBD compared with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody. Moreover, G0F/G2F was significantly correlated with the prognosis of UC patients: patients with a high G0F/G2F did not maintain long-term remission. The activity and mRNA level of Beta4GalT were significantly elevated in UC but not in CD.CONCLUSIONS:G0F/G2F is a potentially effective diagnostic marker of disease activity in both CD and UC, and of the clinical course in UC. A pathophysiologic difference between CD and UC was also demonstrated.
Musik und Befindlichkeit

Zusammenfassung An 15 stationären Patienten mit depressiver Störung wurden die Auswirkungen von Musik auf die Befindlichkeit und den Blutdruck untersucht. Um einerseits die Musik so wirksam wie möglich darzubieten und um andererseits die Auswirkungen der Wahrnehmung der Musik über das Gehör von den Effekten des über die Haut wahrgenommenen (Infra-)Schalls zu trennen, wurde eine »Klangliege« verwendet, die zu einer starken »Immersion« der Patienten in das musikalische Geschehen beiträgt. Unter beiden Bedingungen (Musik mit und ohne Infraschall) kam es insgesamt zu einer signifikanten Besserung der Befindlichkeit sowie zur Abnahme des Blutdrucks mit einer numerisch etwas größeren Wirkung bei der Kombination von Schall und Infraschall. Im Hinblick auf die nachgewiesenen positiven Auswirkungen von Musik auf emotionale Prozesse erscheinen weitere Untersuchungen zu den Einflüssen von Musik auf das Befinden depressiver Patienten an größeren Patientenkollektiven sinnvoll.