Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impacts Of Unified Exchange Rate System On Domestic Price In Iran

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of exchange rate unification policies on the domestic price in Iran using a co-integration approach between 1971and 2002. For doing this, a weighted average of exchange rate under the multiple exchange rate regimes is used as a proxy for the unified exchange rate. The impact of this unified exchange rate on the domestic price alongside with other variables is evaluated by multivariate Johansen’s co-integration technique. The main finding indicates that the unified exchange rate has a positive effect on the domestic price in Iran. In other words, the move from multiple exchange rate system to unified exchange rate maybe accompanied with inflationary pressure.
Intrinsic resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with activating EGFR mutations

Identifying activating EGFR mutations is a useful predictive strategy that helps select a population of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients for treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations (predominantly an in-frame deletion in exon 19 and an L858R substitution) are highly responsive to first-generation EGFR TKIs, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, and show improved progression-free survival without serious side effects. However, all patients with activating EGFR mutations who are initially responsive to EGFR TKIs eventually develop acquired resistance after a median progression-free survival of 10–16 months, followed by disease progression. Moreover, ~20%–30% of NSCLC patients have no objective tumor regression on initial EGFR TKI treatment, although they harbor an activating EGFR mutation. These patients represent an NSCLC subgroup that is defined as having intrinsic or primary resistance to EGFR TKIs. Different mechanisms of acquired EGFR TKI resistance have been identified, and several novel compounds have been developed to reverse acquired resistance, but little is known about EGFR TKI intrinsic resistance. In this review, we summarize the latest findings involving mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to EGFR TKIs in advanced NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations and present possible therapeutic strategies to overcome this resistance.
On the Effect of Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate on Cold Denaturation

Both sodium chloride and sodium sulfate are able to stabilize yeast frataxin, causing an overall increase of its thermodynamic stability curve, with a decrease in the cold denaturation temperature and an increase in the hot denaturation one. The influence of low concentrations of these two salts on yeast frataxin stability can be assessed by the application of a theoretical model based on scaled particle theory. First developed to figure out the mechanism underlying cold denaturation in water, this model is able to predict the stabilization of globular proteins provided by these two salts. The densities of the salt solutions and their temperature dependence play a fundamental role.
Update Maps – A New Abstraction for High-Throughput Batch Processing

Key/value databases are popular abstractions for applications that require synchronous single-key look-ups.However, such databases invariably have a random I/O access pattern, which is inefficient on traditional storage media. To maximize throughput, an alternative is to rely on asynchronous batch processing of requests. As applications evolve, changing requirements with regard to scale or load may thus lead to a redesign to increase the use of batch processing. We present a new abstraction that we have found useful in making such transitions:the update map. It aims to combine the convenience of a key/value database with the performance of a batch-oriented approach. The interface resembles that of an ordinary key/value database, but its implementation can rely on batch processing and sequential I/O, for improved throughput. We evaluate our new abstraction by comparing three different implementations and their performance trade-offs. Specifically, we identify some conditions under which update maps significantly outperform commonly deployed key/value databases. Finally,we discuss ways to improve generic batch processing systems like MapReduce as well as traditional key/value databases based on our findings.
Measuring robustness of community structure in complex networks

The theory of community structure is a powerful tool for real networks, which can simplify their topological and functional analysis considerably. However, since community detection methods have random factors and real social networks derived from complex systems always contain error edges, evaluating the robustness of community structure is an urgent and important task. In this letter, we employ the critical threshold of resolution parameter in Hamiltonian function, , to measure the robustness of a network. According to spectral theory, a rigorous proof shows that the index we proposed is inversely proportional to robustness of community structure. Furthermore, by utilizing the co-evolution model, we provides a new efficient method for computing the value of . The research can be applied to broad clustering problems in network analysis and data mining due to its solid mathematical basis and experimental effects.
Hybrid Clustering Framework for Multi-dimensional Array Data

As the satellite imagery containing multi-dimensional array data is currently used for analysis of various applications, the frameworks to analyze that sort of scientific data have been introduced. To process the scientific data like the satellite imagery there are some restrictions: for the analysis of large-scale data the aggregated data would be stored in specified data formats, for the time-series analysis of the huge size the specified file system would be needed as the data is rapidly increased, and so on. Although Hadoop framework which is big data computing platform is popular to process the big data it is not feasible to handle the scientific data. It does not support to process the data in different scientific formats. On the other hand, though SciDB is the data management system to mainly process large-scale array data, it is not appropriate to analyze the scalable data of the time series. In this paper, we propose hybrid clustering framework, which is to process the scientific data composed of the multidimensional arrays with time series. The proposed framework would address the issues to provide the framework both processing array-based scientific data and handling ever-increasing data at the same time.
Baseband OFDM phase modulation system for visible light communication

In the visible light communication (VLC) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of OFDM signals is the primary concern of the transmission performance. In order to obtain low PAPR signals, we report and experimentally demonstrate a phase modulated OFDM system. The system can be reach 1.2Gbit/s under the standard illuminance level. And the bit-error ratio (BER) of the received data is under 3.8 × 10-3, which is within the limit of common forward error correction (FEC) coding. The transmission distance can be reach 1.5m, which is the most remarkable in VLC OFDM systems.
Dynamics of rapid vertical climbing in cockroaches reveals a template

SUMMARY Rapid, vertically climbing cockroaches produced climbing dynamics similar to geckos, despite differences in attachment mechanism, `foot or toe' morphology and leg number. Given the common pattern in such diverse species, we propose the first template for the dynamics of rapid, legged climbing analogous to the spring-loaded, inverted pendulum used to characterize level running in a diversity of pedestrians. We measured single leg wall reaction forces and center of mass dynamics in death-head cockroaches Blaberus discoidalis, as they ascended a three-axis force plate oriented vertically and coated with glass beads to aid attachment. Cockroaches used an alternating tripod gait during climbs at 19.5±4.2 cm s-1, approximately 5 body lengths s-1. Single-leg force patterns differed significantly from level running. During vertical climbing, all legs generated forces to pull the animal up the plate. Front and middle legs pulled laterally toward the midline. Front legs pulled the head toward the wall, while hind legs pushed the abdomen away. These single-leg force patterns summed to generate dynamics of the whole animal in the frontal plane such that the center of mass cyclically accelerated up the wall in synchrony with cyclical side-to-side motion that resulted from alternating net lateral pulling forces. The general force patterns used by cockroaches and geckos have provided biological inspiration for the design of a climbing robot named RiSE (Robots in Scansorial Environments).
Dying Cells in Living Tissues

800x600 “For every cell, there is time to live and a time to die”. As important as cell division and cell migration, regulated or programmed cell death allows the organism to tightly control cell numbers and tissue size, and to protect itself from rogue cells that threaten homeostasis. When the interest of the cell demands the elimination of unwanted cells, then the cells commit suicide by the process called “Apoptosis”. However, interest in the subject was modest, and the conceptof physiological cell death did not receive widespread recognition until the publication of a seminal paper on apoptosis by Kerr and colleagues some 30 years ago. Apoptosis can be initiated through various signals via the extrinsic pathway which involves death receptors, or via the intrinsic pathway which is initiated by intracellular damage and involves the mitochondria and release of cytochrome c from it to further activate caspases . The pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune disorders, heart disease, and infectious diseases including AIDS is closely related to aberrant apoptosis. There are number of publications on apoptosis in different diseases, this article is an attempt to synoptically describe the apoptosis in health and different diseases. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
On-line Optimization of Drum Boiler Startup

On-line optimization of industrial processes is increasingly important to minimize cost and environmental impact of a plant during its operation. The new Modelica.Media and Modelica.Fluid base libraries allow the dynamic modeling of process systems [4]. Their application to dynamic optimization is discussed on a tutorial example. The optimization is based on a simple non-linear drum boiler model from the literature [1]. The model is implemented in Modelica using the new Modelica.Media and Modelica.Fluid base libraries. The model exhibits three control inputs: feed water flow rate, heat input, and position of a valve at the steam outlet. A PI control is embedded into the model for the feed water flow. The remaining two control inputs are optimized. Optimization results are compared with a straightforward control strategy. On-line optimization based on a sophisticated boiler model is currently being applied to a 700 MW coal fired power plant.
Simplified Programming of Re-Usable Skills on a Safe Industrial Robot - Prototype and Evaluation

This paper presents a study on iconic programming support for mainly position-based lead-through programming of an ABB YuMi collaborative robot. A prototype tool supporting a hybrid programming and execution mode was developed and evaluated with 21 non-expert users with varying programming and robotics experience. We also present a comparison of the programming times for an expert robot programmer using traditional tools versus the new tool. The expert programmed the same tasks in 1/5 of the time compared to traditional tools and the non-experts were able to program and debug a LEGO building task using the robot within 30 minutes.
Reconfigurable cache memory architecture for integral image and integral histogram applications

Cache memory can reduce the memory latency between processor and off-chip DRAM, and it usually occupies a large area of the whole system. However, for accessing integral images and integral integral histograms, which are famous for getting an arbitrary-sized block summation and histogram in a constant speed and widely implemented in many applications, the read and write mechanisms of cache are not suitable for such algorithms with stream processing characteristic. In this paper, a reconfigurable cache memory architecture is proposed with two modes: normal cache mode and Row-Based Stream Processing (RBSP) mode, which is a specific memory architecture for data accessing of integral images and integral histograms. Moreover, the data reuse scheme between different filter sizes and different rows are taken into consideration to further reduce the data access to the off-chip DRAM. In addition, a method called Memory Dividing Technique (MDT) is also proposed to further reduce the word-length. SURF algorithm and center-surround histogram salience map are implemented to verify the proposed design. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture can save 89.15% and 68.12% memory read cycle count for these two applications compared to the traditional fully-associative cache in the same memory size.
Synergies of genes in Alzheimer's disease

Nowadays, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting more than 25 million individuals worldwide. AD is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease is expected to rise over the next decades [1]. Due to its poligenic nature, unconventional strategies for elucidating the genetic mechanisms and genetic risk factors are necessary. The microarray technology has made possible the monitoring of hundreds of genes simultaneous. Most studies on analysis of microarray data are based on the identification of differentially expressed genes on which further analysis is performed. There are several approaches to identify differentially expressed genes as feature selection method. However, due to the AD’s polygenic nature, it is believed that AD is caused not by defect in a few genes, but rather by variations in a large number of genes and their complex interplay. Therefore, a systems-level approach can provide new insights into the interplay of genes and it is an effective alternative for analyzing this complex disease.
The Implications of Propaganda as a Social Influence Strategy

Abstract In contemporary society, propaganda has a major impact due to the new technologies in the media (satellite television, the Internet) that ensure the rapid and instant transmission of information, thus expanding the audience. The concept of propaganda acts systematically in support of a doctrine, in order to persuade a large mass of individuals. It is generally associated with a negative action, considered to be reprehensible, and this is the consequence of the attempts that various totalitarian regimes have manifested abusively. Basically, propaganda is a conscious communication act with a political and revolutionary character representing a strategy of social influence. The element of difference is misinformation. Thus, this concept can be one of integration and consolidation of the society or, on the contrary, it can be a factor of agitation.
Factors Influencing Self-Management in Chinese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diabetes is a major public health problem in China. Diabetes self-management is critical for patients to achieved better health outcomes, however, previous studies have shown suboptimal diabetes self-management performance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify factors associated with diabetes self-management in Chinese adults. The results showed that confrontation, resignation, overall health beliefs, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy were factors associated with overall diabetes self-management performance and six aspects of diabetes self-management behaviors. There is some limited evidence to suggest that provider-patient communication, married individuals, higher educational level, and higher household income level may also be linked to better diabetes self-management practice. Having healthcare insurance and utilizing chronic illness resources generally appeared to have a favorable effect on diabetes self-management performance. In addition, there were a number of factors for which the evidence is too limited to be able to ascertain its strength of association with diabetes self-management practice. The findings of this review suggest that diabetes self-management behaviors are affected by a wide range of personal and environmental factors, which allow health care providers to develop theory-based strategies to improve diabetes-self-management behaviors in this population.
Variability of aerosol, gaseous pollutants and meteorological characteristics associated with changes in air mass origin at the SW Atlantic coast of Iberia

Abstract. Measurements of the ambient aerosol were performed at the Southern coast of Spain, within the framework of the DOMINO ( D iel O xidant M echanisms I n relation to N itrogen O xides) project. The field campaign took place from 20 November until 9 December 2008 at the atmospheric research station "El Arenosillo" (37°5'47.76" N, 6°44'6.94" W). As the monitoring station is located at the interface between a natural park, industrial cities (Huelva, Seville) and the Atlantic Ocean, a variety of physical and chemical parameters of aerosols and gas phase could be characterized in dependency on the origin of air masses. Backwards trajectories were examined and compared with local meteorology to classify characteristic air mass types for several source regions. Aerosol number and mass as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon concentrations were measured in PM 1 and size distributions were registered covering a size range from 7 nm up to 32 μm. The chemical composition of the non-refractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM 1 ) was measured by means of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS). Gas phase analyzers monitored various trace gases (O 3 , SO 2 , NO, NO 2 , CO 2 ) and a weather station provided meteorological parameters. Lowest average submicron particle mass and number concentrations were found in air masses arriving from the Atlantic Ocean with values around 2 μg m −3 and 1000 cm −3 . These mass concentrations were about two to four times lower than the values recorded in air masses of continental and urban origins. For some species PM 1 -fractions in marine air were significantly larger than in air masses originating from Huelva, a closely located city with extensive industrial activities. The largest fraction of sulfate (54%) was detected in marine air masses and was to a high degree not neutralized. In addition, small concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (MSA), a product of biogenic dimethyl sulfate (DMS) emissions, could be identified in the particle phase. In all air masses passing the continent the organic aerosol fraction dominated the total NR-PM 1 . For this reason, using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) four organic aerosol (OA) classes that can be associated with various aerosol sources and components were identified: a highly-oxygenated OA is the major component (43% OA) while semi-volatile OA accounts for 23%. A hydrocarbon-like OA mainly resulting from industries, traffic and shipping emissions as well as particles from wood burning emissions also contribute to total OA and depend on the air mass origin. A significant variability of ozone was observed that depends on the impact of different air mass types and solar radiation.
Increasing myocardial contraction and blood pressure in C57BL/6 mice during early postnatal development.

Knowledge of the developmental changes of cardiovascular parameters in the genetic background of a mouse strain is important for understanding phenotypic changes in transgenic or knockout mouse models for heart disease. We studied arterial blood pressure and myocardial contractility in mice of the common background strain C57BL/6, aged 21 days [postnatal day 21 (P21)] to 580 days. Heart rate increased during maturation from 396 beats/min at P21 to 551 beats/min at postnatal day 50 (P50), and mean arterial blood pressure increased in parallel from 86 to 110 mmHg and remained constant afterward. Echocardiographically determined left ventricular myocardial wall dimensions (R = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and left ventricular mass calculated using the area-length algorithm correlated strongly with histomorphometrical measurements (R = 0.93, P < 0.001). Sarcomere shortening records from isolated ventricular myocytes used as a measure for myocardial contractility revealed a negative shortening-frequency relation under a pacing frequency of 2 Hz and a positive relation above 2 Hz. Shortening amplitudes recorded from P21 myocytes were smaller, and the shortening-frequency relation was less steep than in adult myocytes. A stimulation pause was followed by a negative "staircase" at pacing frequency of < or =6 Hz and a positive staircase at > or =6 Hz. P21 myocytes developed positive staircases at 8 and 10 Hz, and adult myocytes also developed them at 6 Hz. Blood pressure increase during maturation until P50 may originate from increasing single cardiomyocyte contractility.
Surface organization and composition of Euglena. II. Flagellar mastigonemes

The surface of the Euglena flagellum is coated with about 30,000 fine filaments of two distinct types. The longer of these nontubular mastigonemes (about 3 micron) appear to be attached to the paraflagellar rod whereas the shorter nontubular mastigonemes (about 1.5 micron) are the centrifugally arranged portions of a larger complex, which consists of an attached unit parallel to and outside of the flagellar membrane. Units are arranged laternally in near registration and longitudinally overlap by one-half of a unit length. Rows of mastigoneme units are firmly attached to the axoneme microtubules or to the paraflagellar rod as evidenced by their persistence after removal of the flagellar membrane with neutral detergents. SDS-acrylamide gels of whole flagella revealed about 30 polypeptides, of which two gave strong positive staining with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) procedure. At least one of these two bands (glycoproteins) has been equated with the surface mastigonemes by parallel analysis of isolated and purified mastigonemes, particularly after phenol extraction. The faster moving glycoprotein has been selectively removed from whole flagella and from the mastigoneme fraction with low concentrations of neutral detergents at neutral or high pH. The larger glycoprotein was found to be polydisperse when electrophoresed through 1% agarose/SDS gels. Thin-layer chromatography of hydrolysates of whole flagella or of isolated mastigonemes has indicated that the major carbohydrate moiety is the pentose sugar, xylose, with possibly a small amount of glucose and an unknown minor component.