Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-affirmation promotes health behavior change.

OBJECTIVE Evidence shows that self-affirmation has a positive effect on message acceptance and other variables that motivate health behavior change; however, this has not been translated into actual behavioral change. We propose that particular features of the previous studies may account for this failure; the current study addresses this. It is designed to test whether a self-affirmation manipulation can increase a health-promoting behavior (fruit and vegetable consumption). It also explores the extent to which efficacy variables mediate the self-affirmation and behavior relationship. DESIGN Women (N = 93) were randomly allocated to a self-affirmation or control task prior to reading a message regarding the health-promoting effects of fruit and vegetables. MAIN OUTCOME-MEASURES: Response-efficacy, self-efficacy, and intention measures were taken immediately after exposure to the message, followed by a 7-day diary record of fruit and vegetable consumption. RESULTS Self-affirmed participants ate significantly more portions of fruit and vegetables, an increase of approximately 5.5 portions across the week, in comparison to the control group. This effect was mediated by response-efficacy. CONCLUSION Self-affirmation interventions can successfully influence health-promoting behaviors.
Zum modellbasierten funktionalen Test reaktiver Systeme

Testen bezeichnet eine Menge von Aktivitaten, die dem Vergleich des Verhaltens eines Systems mit seinem intendierten Verhalten dienen. Dieses Sollverhalten kann in Form expliziter Verhaltensmodelle angegeben werden. Ablaufe validierter Modelle sind Testfalle, d.h. Sequenzen von Ein- und erwarteten Ausgaben. Da Modelle Abstraktionen sind, also Vereinfachungen, mussen abstrakte Modellablaufe in konkrete Soll-Ablaufe der Implementierung konvertiert werden. Diese werden dann mit tatsachlichen Ablaufen verglichen. Komplexitat wird also auf Modell und die die Ubersetzung vornehmende Treiberkomponente aufgeteilt. In technologischer Hinsicht werden Verfahren zur Testfallgenerierung mit symbolischer Ausfuhrung prasentiert. Insbesondere fur deterministische Systeme kann Testfallgenerierung als Suchproblem im Zustandsraum des Modells aufgefast werden. Dem Problem der Zustandsraumexplosion wird mit Strategien zur Speicherung von Zustandsmengen und gerichteter Suche begegnet. Fur strukturelle Uberdeckungsmase werden Verfahren zur inkrementellen Generierung von Integrationstestsuiten prasentiert. Essentiell ist dabei die Ermittlung von Selektionskriterien auf der Menge der Modellablaufe, sog. Testfallspezifikationen, aus denen ein Testfallgenerator Testfalle berechnen kann. Fur funktionale Testfallspezifikationen in Form von Interaktionsmustern bedeutet Testfallgenerierung, das fehlende Signale eingefugt werden. Fur universelle Eigenschaften, wie etwa Invarianten, wird eine Methodik fur die Ableitung von Testfallspezifikationen skizziert, die auf der syntaktischen Transformation temporallogischer Formeln basiert. Das Resultat dieser Transformation kann dann zur automatischen Generierung von Testfallen verwendet werden. In methodischer Hinsicht werden weiterhin verschiedene Szenarien des modellbasierten Testens insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit automatischer Codegenerierung und der Rolle von Modellen als Spezifikationen prasentiert. Die Verzahnung inkrementeller Modellentwicklung mit inkrementeller Testfallentwicklung wird diskutiert. Industrielle Fallstudien aus dem Bereich der Chipkarten demonstrieren die Tragfahigkeit der vorgestellten Konzepte und Ansatze.
Encoding anatomy: Developmental gene regulatory networks and morphogenesis

A central challenge of developmental and evolutionary biology is to explain how anatomy is encoded in the genome. Anatomy emerges progressively during embryonic development, as a consequence of morphogenetic processes. The specialized properties of embryonic cells and tissues that drive morphogenesis, like other specialized properties of cells, arise as a consequence of differential gene expression. Recently, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) have proven to be powerful conceptual and experimental tools for analyzing the genetic control and evolution of developmental processes. A major current goal is to link these transcriptional networks directly to morphogenetic processes. This review highlights three experimental models (sea urchin skeletogenesis, ascidian notochord morphogenesis, and the formation of somatic muscles in Drosophila) that are currently being used to analyze the genetic control of anatomy by integrating information of several important kinds: (1) morphogenetic mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels that are responsible for shaping a specific anatomical feature, (2) the underlying GRN circuitry deployed in the relevant cells, and (3) modifications to gene regulatory circuitry that have accompanied evolutionary changes in the anatomical feature. genesis 51:383–409. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
"Standard operating procedures for female orgasmic disorder" is not based on best evidence.

Anagrama; 2012. 3 Bizimana N. Another way for lovemaking in Africa: Kunyaza, a traditional sexual technique for triggering female orgasm at heterosexual encounters. Sexologies 2010;19:157–62. 4 Scorgie F, Beksinska M, Chersich M, Kunene B, Martin Hilber A, Smit J. “Cutting for love”: Genital incisions to enhance sexual desirability and commitment in KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. Reprod Health Matters 2010;18:64– 73. 5 Khau M. Female sexual pleasure and autonomy: What has inner labia elongation got to do with it? Sexualities 2012;15: 763–77. 6 Talle A. Precarious identities: Somali women in exile. Finn J Ethn Migr 2008;3:64–73. 7 World Health Organization. Global strategy to stop health care providers from performing female genital mutilation. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. 8 Krause E, Brandner S, Mueller MD, Kuhn A. Out of Eastern Africa: Defibulation and sexual function in woman with female genital mutilation. J Sex Med 2011;8:1420–5. 9 Kaplan-Marcusan A, Torán-Monserrat P, Moreno-Navarro J, Castany Fábregas MJ, Muñoz-Ortiz L. Perception of primary health professionals about female genital mutilation: From healthcare to intercultural competence. BMC Health Serv Res 2009;9:11. 10 Caruso S, Cianci A, Malandrino C, Cavallari L, Gambadoro O, Arena G, Pispisa L, Agnello C, Romano M, Cavallari V. Ultrastructural and quantitative study of clitoral cavernous tissue from living subjects. J Sex Med 2011;8:1675–85.
Increasing the Teacher Rate of Behaviour Specific Praise and its Effect on a Child with Aggressive Behaviour Problems

A single subject design was used to investigate the effectiveness of an increase in teacher behaviour-specific praise statements to address antisocial behaviours demonstrated by a student who displays aggressive behaviours. Researchers agree that praise is effective in improving problem behaviours. They also agree that training teachers to use behaviour-specific praise can increase the level of praise teachers give to students. Baseline assessment was carried out and used to examine the teacher's use of behaviour-specific praise statements before intervention and the potential influences these statements had on the target child's aggressive behaviour, participation and engagement. The results indicated that the teacher's use of specific praise increased, and the child demonstrated positive changes with an increase in appropriate behaviour, and a decrease in aggressive behaviour.
Iterated DFT based techniques for join size estimation

Novel techniques based on the Discrete Fourier Transform are proposed to estimate the size of relations resulting from join operations. For the special case of self join the proposed algorithm gives the exact join size using logarithmic space. A generalization to compute the join of arbitrary relations is then used to develop two tree-based techniques that provide a spectrum of algorithms which interpolate storage requirements versus accuracy of the estimation obtained. Finally, we present experimental results to exhibit the eeectiveness of our approach. 1 Introduction Query optimization is an important issue in Database Management Systems (DBMSs). For a given query, there may be several ways of executing it. Finding all these diierent access plans and deciding the best one may not be practical for a user. As a result, DBMSs need to perform this complex optimization process by themselves. For this reason , most DBMSs use a component called query optimizer. The aim of query optimizers in relational database systems is to select the most eecient way among all possible ways of executing a query. In practice this process requires approximating the cost of possible execution sequences and selecting the cheapest one in terms of a cost metric, which is usually the cumulative size of intermediate operations. Even though these possible ways result in the same answer, their execution sequence may be diierent, and hence they may result in diierent execution costs. A necessary procedure in estimating the execution cost of a query is to estimate the result size of each operation in each possible execution sequence. This information depends on the frequency distribution of the underlying data. In practice, most database systems store summarized information about the frequency distribution (or nd it dynamically when needed) and use this information to estimate the result size of various operations and then the cost of the executions. The accuracy
Frequency-based damage detection in cantilever beam using vision-based monitoring system with motion magnification technique

This article proposes a method for damage detection using vision-based monitoring with motion magnification technique. The methods based on the vibration characteristics of structures such as natural frequency, mode shapes, and modal damping have been applied to structural damage detection. However, the conventional methods have limitations for practical applications. Vision-based monitoring system can be employed as a new structural monitoring system because of its simplicity, potentially low cost, and unique capability of collecting high-resolution data. A methodology called video motion magnification has been developed to amplify non-visible small motions in a video to reveal the dynamic response. The video motion magnification method can be applied to measure small displacements to calculate the natural frequencies and the operational deflection shapes of the structures. Unlike conventional optimization methods, a genetic algorithm explores the entire solution space and can obtain the global optimum. In this article, identification of the location and magnitude of damage in a cantilever beam is formulated as an optimization problem using a real-value genetic algorithm by minimizing the objective function, which directly compares the first three natural frequencies changes from the phase-based motion magnification measurement and from the analytical model of a damaged cantilever beam.
Low-tube-voltage, high-tube-current multidetector abdominal CT: improved image quality and decreased radiation dose with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm--initial clinical experience.

PURPOSE To investigate whether an adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm improves the image quality at low-tube-voltage (80-kVp), high-tube-current (675-mA) multidetector abdominal computed tomography (CT) during the late hepatic arterial phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective, single-center HIPAA-compliant study was institutional review board approved. Informed patient consent was obtained. Ten patients (six men, four women; mean age, 63 years; age range, 51-77 years) known or suspected to have hypervascular liver tumors underwent dual-energy 64-section multidetector CT. High- and low-tube-voltage CT images were acquired sequentially during the late hepatic arterial phase of contrast enhancement. Standard convolution FBP was used to reconstruct 140-kVp (protocol A) and 80-kVp (protocol B) image sets, and ASIR (protocol C) was used to reconstruct 80-kVp image sets. The mean image noise; contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) relative to muscle for the aorta, liver, and pancreas; and effective dose with each protocol were assessed. A figure of merit (FOM) was computed to normalize the image noise and CNR for each protocol to effective dose. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons was used to compare differences in mean CNR, image noise, and corresponding FOM among the three protocols. The noise power spectra generated from a custom phantom with each protocol were also compared. RESULTS When image noise was normalized to effective dose, protocol C, as compared with protocols A (P = .0002) and B (P = .0001), yielded an approximately twofold reduction in noise. When the CNR was normalized to effective dose, protocol C yielded significantly higher CNRs for the aorta, liver, and pancreas than did protocol A (P = .0001 for all comparisons) and a significantly higher CNR for the liver than did protocol B (P = .003). Mean effective doses were 17.5 mSv +/- 0.6 (standard error) with protocol A and 5.1 mSv +/- 0.3 with protocols B and C. Compared with protocols A and B, protocol C yielded a small but quantifiable noise reduction across the entire spectrum of spatial frequencies. CONCLUSION Compared with standard FBP reconstruction, an ASIR algorithm improves image quality and has the potential to decrease radiation dose at low-tube-voltage, high-tube-current multidetector abdominal CT during the late hepatic arterial phase.
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Gamma Contributes to Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of surgical brain injury (SBI). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ), predominately expressed in immune and endothelial cells, activates multiple inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the role of PI3Kγ and PI3Kγ-activated phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) in neuroinflammation in a rat model of SBI. One hundred and fifty-two male Sprague Dawley rats (weight 280–350 g) were subjected to a partial right frontal lobe corticotomy model of SBI. A PI3Kγ pharmacological inhibitor (AS252424 or AS605240) was administered intraperitoneally. PI3Kγ siRNA, human recombinant active-PI3Kγ protein, or human recombinant active-PDE3B protein were administered intracerebroventricularly. Post-SBI assessments included neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous PI3Kγ levels were increased within peri-resection brain tissues after SBI, accompanied by increased brain water content and neurological functional deficits. There was a trend toward increased endogenous PDE3B phosphorylation after SBI. The selective PI3Kγ inhibitors AS252424 and AS605240 reduced brain water content surrounding corticotomy and improved neurological function after SBI. SBI increased and PI3Kγ inhibitor decreased levels of myeloperoxidase, cluster of differentiation 3, mast cell degranulation, E-selectin, and IL-1 in peri-resection brain tissues. Direct administration of human recombinant active-PI3Kγ protein and active-PDE3B protein countered the protective effect of AS252424. PI3Kγ siRNA reduced PI3Kγ levels, decreased brain water content within peri-resection brain tissues, and improved neurological function after SBI. Collectively, our findings suggest that PI3Kγ contributed to neuroinflammation after SBI. The use of selective PI3Kγ inhibitors may be a novel approach to ameliorating SBI via their anti-inflammation effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Life-saving or elective neurosurgeries often involve unavoidable damages to neighboring, nondiseased brain tissues. Such surgical brain injury (SBI) is attributable exclusively to the neurosurgical procedure itself and may cause postoperative complications that exacerbate neurological function. Although the importance of this medical problem is fully acknowledged, intraoperative administration of adjunctive treatment such as steroids and mannitol to patients undergoing neurosurgery appear not to be efficient remedies for SBI. To date, the issue of perioperative neuroprotection specifically against SBI has not been well studied. Using a clinically relevant rat model of SBI, we are exploring a new neuroprotective strategy targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ). PI3Kγ activates multiple inflammatory responses. By attenuating neuroinflammation, selective PI3Kγ inhibition would limit postoperative complications and benefit neurological outcomes.
Look Down to See What’s Up: A Systematic Overview of Treefall Dynamics in Forests

The study of treefall and its after-effects is a common theme in studies of forest structure and local dynamics, yet its value as descriptor of broader-scale ecological dynamics is rarely explored. Here we synthesize the most highly cited literature on treefalls, from 1985 to 2016 (in three-year blocks), highlighting the importance of the causes, characteristics and consequences of such events. We then ask how this knowledge might contribute to the broader conceptual model of forest dynamics, and develop two conceptual models, which we use to illustrate both the classic and alternative views of how forests ‘work’. Treefalls are one of the few ‘integrating’ attributes of forests, because of their ubiquity and longevity, and therefore can inform a variety of processes (e.g., tree mortality, turnover rates, structural impacts, recruitment, and fire frequency) due to their impacts occurring simultaneously over space (patterns), and time (legacy effects). The substantial knowledge that already exists on localized treefall dynamics should be combined with more integrative approaches to studying forest ecosystems, to investigate landscape-scale patterns of treefall and reconstruct past disturbance events.
Downregulation of cell‐free miR‐198 as a diagnostic biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma‐associated malignant pleural effusion

Circulating cell‐free microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential cancer biomarkers. The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed between benign pleural effusion (BPE) and lung adenocarcinoma‐associated malignant pleural effusion (LA‐MPE). The expression level of cell‐free miRNA was investigated in 107 patients with pleural effusion. Microarrays were used to screen 160 miRNAs in a discovery set comprising 20 effusion samples (ten BPEs and ten LA‐MPEs). Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to validate the profiling results obtained for the discovery set and those obtained for a validation set comprising 42 BPEs and 45 LA‐MPEs. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the identified miRNAs and other common tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment (CYFRA) 21‐1. Microarray profiling showed that miR‐198 was significantly downregulated in LA‐MPE compared with BPE (p = 0.002). The miRNA microarray analysis results were confirmed by qRT‐PCR (p < 0.001) using the validation set. The AUCs for miR‐198, CEA and CYFRA 21‐1 in the validation set were 0.887, 0.898 and 0.836, respectively. The diagnostic performance of miR‐198 was comparable with that of CEA, but better than that of CYFRA 21‐1. The AUC for all three markers combined was 0.926 (95% confidence interval, 0.843–0.973) with a sensitivity of 89.2% and a specificity of 85.0%. The present study suggests that cell‐free miR‐198 from patients with pleural effusion might have diagnostic potential for differentiating LA‐MPE from BPE.
VSX2 mutations in autosomal recessive microphthalmia

Purpose To further explore the spectrum of mutations in the Visual System Homeobox 2 (VSX2/CHX10) gene previously found to be associated with autosomal recessive microphthalmia. Methods We screened 95 probands with syndromic or isolated developmental ocular conditions (including 55 with anophthalmia/microphthalmia) for mutations in VSX2. Results Homozygous mutations in VSX2 were identified in two out of five consanguineous families with isolated microphthalmia. A novel missense mutation, c.668G>C (p.G223A), was identified in a large Pakistani family with multiple sibships affected with bilateral microphthalmia. This p.G223A mutation affects the conserved CVC motif that was shown to be important for DNA binding and repression activities of VSX2. The second mutation, c.249delG (p.Leu84SerfsX57), was identified in an Iranian family with microphthalmia; this mutation has been previously reported and is predicted to generate a severely truncated mutant protein completely lacking the VSX2 homeodomain, CVC domain and COOH-terminal regions. Conclusions Mutations in VSX2 represent an important cause of autosomal recessive microphthalmia in consanguineous pedigrees. Identification of a second missense mutation in the CVC motif emphasizes the importance of this region for normal VSX2 function.
Five years of experience with massive blood transfusions.

In the five-year period, 1959-1963, 209 patients were given massive blood transfusions of at least 5,000 ml within a 24-hour period. The overall mortality was 45% and increased with the amount of blood given, the age of the patient, complicating medical conditions, and shock. When shock was prevented or quickly corrected, the mortality was 7%; however, when prolonged shock occurred in patients with preexisting or associated disease, the mortality was 93%. A serious bleeding diathesis occurred in seven patients. The incidence of wound complications in these patients was about four times that of the general surgical population for the hospital. One case of homologous serum jaundice occurred in a survivor.
KiSS1 suppresses TNFα‐induced breast cancer cell invasion via an inhibition of RhoA‐Mediated NF‐κB activation

Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) induces cancer development and metastasis, which is prominently achieved by nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation. TNFα‐induced NF‐κB activation enhances cellular mechanisms including proliferation, migration, and invasion. KiSS1, a key regulator of puberty, was initially discovered as a tumor metastasis suppressor. The expression of KiSS1 was lost or down‐regulated in different metastatic tumors. However, it is unclear whether KiSS1 regulates TNFα‐induced NF‐κB activation and further tumor cell migration. In this study, we demonstrate that KiSS1 suppresses the migration of breast cancer cells by inhibiting TNFα‐induced NF‐κB pathway and RhoA activation. Both KiSS1 overexpression and KP10 (kisspeptin‐10) stimulation inhibited TNFα‐induced NF‐κB activity, suppressed TNFα‐induced cell migration and cell attachment to fibronectin in breast cancer cells while KP10 has little effect on cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, KP10 inhibited TNFα‐induced cell migration and RhoA GTPase activation. Therefore, our data demonstrate that KiSS1 inhibits TNFα‐induced NF‐κB activation via downregulation of RhoA activation and suppression of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 1139–1149, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centrosome positioning in interphase cells

The position of the centrosome is actively maintained at the cell center, but the mechanisms of the centering force remain largely unknown. It is known that centrosome positioning requires a radial array of cytoplasmic microtubules (MTs) that can exert pushing or pulling forces involving MT dynamics and the activity of cortical MT motors. It has also been suggested that actomyosin can play a direct or indirect role in this process. To examine the centering mechanisms, we introduced an imbalance of forces acting on the centrosome by local application of an inhibitor of MT assembly (nocodazole), and studied the resulting centrosome displacement. Using this approach in combination with microinjection of function-blocking probes, we found that a MT-dependent dynein pulling force plays a key role in the positioning of the centrosome at the cell center, and that other forces applied to the centrosomal MTs, including actomyosin contractility, can contribute to this process.