Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic paleogeographic evolution of the Elko Basin and surrounding region, northeast Nevada

Geologic mapping, supported by 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, reveals the details of the Cenozoic depositional and tectonic history of the eastern Pinon Range and central Huntington Valley in the north-central Basin and Range Province, Nevada (USA). Cretaceous to Miocene supracrustal successions were studied in detail in order to compare the geologic evolution of the upper crust near the Ruby Mountains-East Humboldt Range (RMEH) metamorphic core complex (MCC) with the magmatic, metamorphic, and deformational history of the deep crust in the developing MCC. During the well-documented Late Cretaceous–Oligocene history of partial melting and infrastructure development within the RMEH, surface deposits in Huntington Valley reflect general tectonic quiescence, with evidence for the development of the shallow Elko Basin, minor extension, and eruption of southward-younging ignimbrite flare-up volcanism. Thin, discontinuous successions of Cretaceous–early Cenozoic sedimentary strata were locally blanketed by rhyodacite ignimbrites, domes, and subvolcanic intrusions of the Robinson Mountain volcanic field between 38.5 and 36.8 Ma. This magmatic event represents the first local expression of Cenozoic volcanism linked to the ignimbrite flare-up, and its onset occurred slightly after a renewal of partial melting in the RMEH beginning ca. 42 Ma. The volcanic section was subsequently tilted ∼10°–15° west before ca. 33.9 ± 0.4 Ma. Although melting continued at depth in the RMEH until after 30 Ma, there was no eruption of volcanic rocks after Robinson Mountain volcanism. An additional ≥10°–15° of westward tilting occurred between 31.1 ± 0.3 Ma and ca. 24.4 Ma, as bracketed by the 31 Ma tuff of Hackwood Ranch (which was probably erupted from a distant caldera) and an angular unconformity beneath the overlying Miocene Humboldt Formation. Neither of these tilting events and unconformities appears to represent significant (>∼1 km each) extension, but they could be surface expressions of magmatism, metamorphism, and crustal flow at depth. The Humboldt Formation includes >2000 m of sediment deposited mostly between ca. 16 and 12 Ma, with deposition lasting until at least ca. 8.2 Ma. Humboldt Formation sediments thicken eastward, toward the west-dipping fault that bounds the RMEH, and are interpreted as a basin that developed in the hanging wall of this fault system. Motion on this normal fault system led to the exhumation of metamorphic and igneous rocks of the core complex ∼10 m.y. after the documented cessation of partial melting, high-temperature metamorphism, and intrusion of granitoids into the deep crust ca. 29 Ma. Metamorphic clasts and a detrital zircon signature thought to represent RMEH provenance are first detected in 14.2 Ma or younger sediments.
Sociodemographic Variables in Profiling Wellness Tourists

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine sociodemographic variables in the context of profiling wellness tourists.Methodology – Data was collected through self-complete questionnaire on a sample of tourists staying in one out of 15 wellness hotels situated in four wellness tourism regions of Republic of Croatia. Research was conducted from May through June in 2013. Data was processed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistics. Univariate statistics was used for general description of the sample; bivariate analysis was used for testing individual influence of sociodemographic variables on wellness travel motives, while multivariate statistics was used for determining the relationship between dependent and explanatory variables. Prior to the relationship testing, factor analysis was done on items measuring motivational factors.Findings – In bivariate analysis all examined sociodemographic variables were significant for profiling wellness tourists based on their travel motivations. Results of regression analysis suggest that sociodemographic variables are linked to push motivational factors and intangible aspects of wellness tourist product, but they are not significant for tangible aspect of wellness tourist product.Contribution – This paper examines the role of sociodemographic variables in profiling wellness tourists by testing the relationships on bivariate and multivariate levels. On bivariate level sociodemographic variables were significant in profiling wellness tourists based on their travel motivations. However, on multivariate level sociodemographic variables may not be the best choice in profiling wellness tourists.
POSSIBLE RAPID STRAIN ACCUMULATION RATES NEAR CALI, COLOMBIA, DETERMINED FROM GPS MEASUREMENTS (1996-2003)

Global Positioning System (GPS) data from southern Central America and northwestern South America collected between 1991 and 1998 reveal wide plate margin deformation along a 1400 km length of the North Andes. Also associated with the oblique subduction of the Nazca plate at the Colombia-Ecuador trench is the ‘escape’ of the North Andes block (NAB). The NAB is delineated by the Bocono-East Andean fault systems and the Dolores Guayaquil Megasheare to the east, the South Caribbean deformed belt on the north and the Colombia-Ecuador trench and Panama on the west. Within the NAB many damaging crustal earthquakes have occurred which is most recently exemplified on January 25, 1999 (Mw = 6.1) Armenia earthquake. Preliminary analysis of recent occupations (2003 GEORED GPS) of several previously observed (1996-2001) GPS sites suggest shear strain accumulation rates in the Cauca valley near Cali of approximately 2.1 x 10 -7 yr 1 and 1.6 x 10 -7 yr -1 . These strain rates are measured within 2 Delaunay triangles with common vertices at Cali and Restrepo, which encompass areas, located north and west of Cali. Seismicity has been monitored in the Cauca Valley for the last 17 years by the “Observatorio Sismologico del Suroccidente” (OSSO) since 1987 and by the Red Sismologica Nacional del INGEOMINAS since 1993. Their catalogs list numerous shallow earthquakes near Cali but nothing larger than magnitude 5. Historically, however, several large earthquakes are associated with the “Falla Cauca Almaguer” in locations both to the south and north of Cali in the Cauca valley. Preliminary calculations using the strain rates determined for these Delaunay triangles and a simplified Kostrov formula suggest possible decadal (30 – 90 years) recurrence intervals for Mw = 6.0 – 6.3 earthquakes, centenary (90 – 900 years) recurrence intervals for Mw = 6.4 – 6.9 earthquakes and millennial (900+ years) recurrence intervals for Mw ≥ 7 earthquakes.
Scalable Formal Dynamic Verification of MPI Programs Through Distributed Causality Tracking

Almost all high performance computing applications are written in MPI, which will continue to be the case for at least the next several years. Given the huge and growing importance of MPI, and the size and sophistication of MPI codes, scalable and incisive MPI debugging tools are essential. Existing MPI debugging tools have, despite their strengths, many glaring deficiencies, especially when it comes to debugging under the presence of nondeterminism related bugs, which are bugs that do not always show up during testing. These bugs usually become manifest when the systems are ported to different platforms for production runs. This dissertation focuses on the problem of developing scalable dynamic verification tools for MPI programs that can provide a coverage guarantee over the space of MPI nondeterminism. That is, the tools should be able to detect different outcomes of nondeterministic events in an MPI program and enforce all those different outcomes through repeated executions of the program with the same test harness. We propose to achieve the coverage guarantee by introducing efficient distributed causality tracking protocols that are based on the matches-before order. The matchesbefore order is introduced to address the shortcomings of the Lamport happens-before order [40], which is not sufficient to capture causality for MPI program executions due to the complexity of the MPI semantics. The two protocols we propose are the Lazy Lamport Clocks Protocol (LLCP) and the Lazy Vector Clocks Protocol (LVCP). LLCP provides good scalability with a small possibility of missing potential outcomes of nondeterministic events while LVCP provides full coverage guarantee with a scalability tradeoff. In practice, we show through our experiments that LLCP provides the same coverage as LVCP. This thesis makes the following contributions: (1) The MPI matches-before order that captures the causality between MPI events in an MPI execution. (2) Two distributed causality tracking protocols for MPI programs that rely on the matches-before order. (3) A Distributed Analyzer for MPI programs (DAMPI), which implements the two aforementioned protocols to provide scalable and modular dynamic verification for MPI programs. (4) Scalability enhancement through algorithmic improvements for ISP, a dynamic verifier for MPI programs.
Perceptually Oriented Patch Based Texture Synthesis

Title of Thesis: Perceptually Oriented Patch Based Texture Synthesis Patrick Gillespie, Master of Science, 2006 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Marc Olano Patch-based texture synthesis methods work by taking patches of texture and finding the best way to “stitch” them together so that the seam between the two patches is hardly noticeable. The color difference along a cut between the two patches is usually used as the metric for finding the best seam between the images and traditionally red, green, and blue values are used in determining the color difference. This works well for randomized textures, but can leave artifacts in textures that include definite objects within the patches. We have made use of knowledge of the human visual system to find better seams between patches. We have used perceptually uniform color spaces, edge detection, an alternative graph structure, and the contrast sensitivity function as factors in graph cuts in order to find better seams between images. A user study showed that the new metric significantly improved seam invisibility in images that were spliced together. Perceptually Oriented Patch Based Texture Synthesis by Patrick Gillespie Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2006
Solar variability and climate change: is there a link?

Radiation from the Sun makes Earth a habitable planet. Fluctuations in the solar output are therefore likely to affect the climate on Earth, but establishing both how the output of the Sun varies and how such variations influence Earth’s climate have proved tricky. But increased amounts of data from the Sun and about the climate on Earth over recent years mean that rapid progress is being made. In this paper, I review the current debate on the influence of the Sun and summarize the state of play in this area of solar physics.
The phase transition in random graphs and random graph processes

Random graphs are graphs which are created by a random process. They are used among other places in the study of large networks, and in the analysis of the performance of algorithms. A common phenomenon in random graphs is that the typical properties of a graph change radically by the addition of a relatively small number of random edges. This phenomenon was first investigated in the seminal papers of Erdős and Rényi. We consider the graph G(n, p) which contains n vertices, and where any two vertices are connected by an edge independently with probability p. Erdős and Rényi showed that if p = c n and c < 1, then with high probability G(n, p) consists of components with O(log n) vertices. If p = c n and c > 1, then with high probability G(n, p) contains exactly one component, called the giant component, with Θ(n) vertices, which is much larger than all other components. The phase transition in a random graph refers to the point at which the giant component is formed. In G(n, p) this is when p = 1 n . Moreover, G(n, p) undergoes a so-called double jump at this point. When the probability p increases from 1−ε n to 1 n , the largest component grows from O(log n) to Θ(n2/3) vertices. When p becomes 1+ε n , the graph contains a giant component with Θ(n) vertices. If we let p = 1+ε n , where ε is a function of n tending to 0, we are in the critical phase of the random graph, which is one of the most interesting phases in the evolution of the random graph. In this case the structure depends on how fast ε tends to 0. In this dissertation we consider three different random graph models. In Chapter 4 we consider the so-called minimum degree graph process. In this process edges vw are added successively, where v is a randomly chosen vertex with minimum degree. We prove that a phase transition occurs in this graph process as well, and also that it undergoes a double jump, similar to G(n, p). The two other models we will consider, are random graphs with a given degree sequence and random directed graphs. In these models the point of the phase transition has already been found, by Molloy and Reed (1995), Karp (1990) and Luczak (1990). In Chapter 5 and 6 we investigate the critical phase of these processes, and show that their behaviour resembles G(n, p).
Studies on tourists' expectation and perception about urban landscape in Guilin city

By taking Guilin city as a case,through questionnaire survey to obtain relative data,the tourists' expectation and perception about urban landscape in Guilin city were investigated by means of software SPSS and IPA analysis.The conclusion holds that the value of tourists' expectation and perception are high,but the value of perception was generally lower than of expectation.Tourists had high degree of recognition on the three elements of "picturesque scenery,fantastic caves and spectacular rocks,best scenery in the world",but different opinions on expectation and perception of "rich ethnic customs,architectural characteristics". Finally,some suggestions were put forward on superiority regions and key development direction of city landscape construction in Guilin.
The impact of increased age on outcome from a strategy of early invasive management and revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndromes: retrospective analysis study from the ACACIA registry

Objective To evaluate the impact of increased age on outcome from a strategy of early invasive management and revascularisation in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Design Retrospective analysis of a national Acute Coronary Syndrome registry (ACACIA). Setting Multiple Australian (n=39) centres; 25% rural, 52% with onsite cardiac surgery. Patients Unselected consecutive patients admitted with confirmed ACS, total n=2559, median 99 per centre. Interventions Management was at the discretion of the treating physician. Analysis of outcome based on age >75 years was compared using Cox proportional hazard with a propensity model to adjust for baseline covariates. Main outcome measures Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were bleeding and a composite of any vascular event or unplanned readmission. Results Elderly patients were more likely to present with high-risk features yet were less likely to receive evidence-based medical therapies or receive diagnostic coronary angiography (75% vs 49%, p<0.0001) and early revascularisation (50% vs 30%, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis found early revascularisation in the elderly cohort to be associated with lower 12-month mortality hazard (0.4 (0.2–0.7)) and composite outcome (0.6 (0.5–0.8)). Propensity model suggested a greater absolute benefit in elderly patients compared to others. Conclusions Following presentation with ACS, elderly patients are less likely to receive evidence-based medical therapies, to be considered for an early invasive strategy and be revascularised. Increasing age is a significant barrier to physicians when considering early revascularisation. An early invasive strategy with revascularisation when performed was associated with substantial benefit and the absolute accrued benefit appears to be higher in elderly patients.
Syntactic Inductive Biases for Natural Language Processing

With the rise in availability of data for language learning, the role of linguistic structure is under scrutiny. The underlying syntactic structure of language allows for composition of simple elements into more complex ones in innumerable ways; generalization to new examples hinges on this structure. We define a syntactic inductive bias as a signal that steers the learning algorithm towards a syntactically robust solution, over others. This thesis explores the need for incorporation of such biases into already powerful neural models of language. We describe three general approaches for incorporating syntactic inductive biases into task-specific models, under different levels of supervision. The first method calls for joint learning of entire syntactic dependency trees with semantic dependency graphs through direct supervision, to facilitate better semantic dependency parsing. Second, we introduce the paradigm of scaffolded learning, which enables us to leverage inductive biases from syntactic sources to predict a related semantic structure, using only as much supervision as is necessary. The third approach yields general-purpose contextualized representations conditioned on large amounts of data along with their shallow syntactic structures, obtained automatically. The linguistic representations learned as a result of syntactic inductive biases are shown to be effective across a range of downstream tasks, but their usefulness is especially pronounced for semantic tasks.
Protracted bacterial bronchitis in children

Department of Paediatrics Stavanger University Hospital and Department of Clinical Science Clinical Institute 2 University of Bergen Professor Mikalsen contributed to the literature search and manuscript revision and approved the submitted version of the manuscript. Ingvild Bruun Mikalsen (born 1970) MD PhD, paediatrician, senior consultant and associate professor. The author has completed the ICMJE form and reports no conflicts of interest.
KRANNERT GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

This study reports a laboratory experiment wherein subjects play a hawk-dove game. We try to implement a correlated equilibrium with payoffs outside the convex hull of Nash equilibrium payoffs by privately recommending play. We find that subjects are reluctant to follow certain recommendations. We are able to implement this correlated equilibrium, however, when subjects play against robots that always follow recommendations, including in a control treatment in which human subjects receive the robot "earnings. " This indicates that the lack of mutual knowledge of conjectures, rather than social preferences, explains subjects’ failure to play the suggested correlated equilibrium when facing other human players. JEL classification: C72
Crack fusion dynamics: A model for large earthquakes

The physical processes of the fusion of small cracks into larger ones are nonlinear in character. A study of the nonlinear properties of fusion may lead to an understanding of the instabilities that give rise to clustering of large earthquakes. We have investigated the properties of simple versions of fusion processes to see if instabilities culminating in repetitive massive earthquakes are possible. We have taken into account such diverse phenomena as the production of aftershocks, the rapid extension of large cracks to overwhelm and absorb smaller cracks, the influence of anelastic creep-induced time delays, healing, the genesis of "juvenile" cracks due to plate motions, and others. A preliminary conclusion is that the time delays introduced by anelastic creep may be responsible for producing catastrophic instabilities characteristic of large earthquakes as well as aftershock sequences. However, it seems that nonlocal influences, i.e. the spatial diffusion of cracks, may play a dominant role in producing episodes of seismicity and clustering.
Flume Experiments on the Transport of Heavy Minerals in Gravel-Bed Streams

ABSTRACT Heavy-mineral transport and deposition by shallow unidirectional flows in a gravel-bed channel were studied in a water-recirculating sediment-feed flume 6 m long and 0.15 m wide. The sediment was poorly sorted gravel with mean size 3 mm and 3% by weight of finer magnetite, lead, and tungsten. The heavy minerals became concentrated into a thin layer (the heavy infralayer) composed of nearly 100% heavy minerals lying beneath a thin surficial layer of low-density sediment (the light supralayer). Heavy minerals were not transported past a given location on the bed until the heavy infralayer was fully developed there. Heavy minerals were transported on the upper surface of the heavy infralayer only when local and temporary erosion of the light supralayer, caused by large clasts, clast jams, or downstream-moving dunelike bedforms, exposed the heavy infralayer. In two runs, one with sediment feed and one without, overall degradation of the bed was forced by slow lowering of a tailgate at the downstream end of the channel. In the sediment-feed run a downstream-prograding heavy infralayer formed as in the nondegrading runs. In the run without feed, the surficial heavy-mineral concentration increased gradually at all points along the channel to the end of the run. In light of these results, we hypothesize that ultimately the surficial heavy-mineral concentration would reach a steady state and the bed slope would change until the flow can transport all of the heavy-mineral sediment supplied by local exhumation. Although no runs were designed for aggradation, a too-small initial slope caused overall bed aggradation in the early parts of two runs. Heavy minerals in the feed sediment were transported only a short distance downstream to form a zone of higher but downstream-decreasing heavy mineral concentration extending vertically through the deposit. We hypothesize that the downstream length of this zone would increase as the heavy-mineral feed rate increases relative to the bed aggradation rate.
Treatments for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), also known as hay fever, is an allergic reaction in the upper airways that occurs when sensitized individuals encounter airborne allergens (typically tree, grass, and weed pollens and some molds). SAR afflicts approximately 10 percent of the U.S. population, or 30 million individuals.1,2 Although pollen seasons vary across the United States, generally, tree pollens emerge in the spring, grass pollens in the summer, and weed pollens in the fall. Outdoor molds generally are prevalent in the summer and fall. SAR is distinguished from perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR), which is triggered by continuous exposure to house dust mites, animal dander, and other allergens generally found in an individual’s indoor environment. Patients may have either SAR or PAR or both (i.e., PAR with seasonal exacerbations). The four defining symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal congestion, nasal discharge (rhinorrhea), sneezing, and/or nasal itch. Many patients also experience eye symptoms, such as itching, tearing, and redness.3 Additional signs of rhinitis include the “allergic salute” (rubbing the hand against the nose in response to itching and rhinorrhea), “allergic shiner” (bruised appearance of the skin under one or both eyes), and “allergic crease” (a wrinkle across the bridge of the nose caused by repeated allergic salute). 4-7 SAR Effective Health Care Program