Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An improved data clustering algorithm in a multiobjective framework

Cluster analysis is an important step in data mining. For clustering, various multiobjective techniques are evolved, which can automatically partition the data into an appropriate no. of clusters. K-means is a well known data clustering algorithm and is proven to be better for many practical applications. The proposed work is based on achieving multiple objective functions for data clustering thereby, improving the quality. To achieve this, the K-means algorithm is used for producing the initial clusters. These clusters are then optimized by using three objective functions as a fitness function in the NSGA II algorithm. Three objective functions such as compactness, connectedness, and symmetry of the cluster are optimized simultaneously. The results are compared with the existing multiobjective algorithms and a significant improvement is observed.
Ethanol Induction of CYP 2 A 5 : Permissive Role for CYP 2 E 1

CYP2A5 metabolizes xenobiotics and activates hepatocarcinogens, and induction occurs in response to hepatic damage and cellular stress. We evaluated whether ethanol can elevate CYP2A5 and whether CYP2E1 plays a role in the ethanol induction of CYP2A5. Wild-type (WT), CYP2E1 knockout (KO), and CYP2E1 knockin (KI) mice were fed ethanol for 3 weeks. Ethanol increased CYP2E1 and CYP2A5 protein and activity in WT mice but not in the KO mice. Induction of CYP2A5 (and CYP2E1) was restored in the KI mice. Ethanol induction of CYP2A5 occurred only after CYP2E1 was first induced. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CYP2E1 and CYP2A5 colocalize to the same zones in the liver. Ethanol also elevated CYP2A5 mRNA levels in WT and KI mice but not in KO mice. Induction of CYP2A5 by cadmium was partially decreased in KO mice compared with WT or KI mice. Ethanol elevated CYP2A4 mRNA levels in all mice although the extent of induction was lowest in the KO mice. In summary, ethanol elevated mouse hepatic CYP2A5 levels, which may be of toxicological significance because CYP2A5 metabolizes nicotine and other drugs and activates hepatocarcinogens. Induction of CYP2A5 by ethanol is potentiated by the induction of CYP2E1. We speculate that ethanol induction of CYP2E1 followed by increases in reactive oxygen species and activation of Nrf2 are important steps in the mechanism by which ethanol induces CYP2A5. The possibility that induction of CYP2E1 is permissive for the induction of CYP2A5 may reflect a new contribution by CYP2E1 to the actions of ethanol.
Optimal Scheduling of Refine ry Crude-Oil Operations

This thesis deals with the development of mathematical models and algorithms for optimizing refinery crude-oil operations schedules. The problem can be posed as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP), thus combining two major challenges of operations research: combinatorial search and global optimization. First, we propose a unified modeling approach for scheduling problems that aims at bridging the gaps between four different time representations using the general concept of priority-slots. For each time representation, an MILP formulation is derived and strengthened using the maximal cliques and bicliques of the non-overlapping graph. Additionally, we present three solution methods to obtain global optimal or near-optimal solutions. The scheduling approach is applied to single-stage and multi-stage batch scheduling problems as well as a crude-oil operations scheduling problem maximizing the gross margin of the distilled crude-oils. In order to solve the crude-oil scheduling MINLP, we introduce a two-step MILP-NLP procedure. The solution approach benefits from a very tight upper bound provided by the first stage MILP while the second stage NLP is used to obtain a feasible solution. Next, we detail the application of the single-operation sequencing time representation to the crude-oil operations scheduling problem. As this time representation displays many symmetric solutions, we introduce a symmetry-breaking sequencing rule expressed as a deterministic finite automaton in order to efficiently restrict the set of feasible solutions. Furthermore, we propose to integrate constraint programming (CP) techniques to the branch & cut search to dynamically improve the linear relaxation of a crude-oil operations scheduling problem minimizing the total logistics costs expressed as a bilinear objective. CP is used to derived tight McCormick convex envelopes for each node subproblem thus reducing the optimality gap for the MINLP.
Coordinated Sampling sans Origin-Destination Identifiers : Algorithms , Analysis , and Evaluation

Flow monitoring is used for a wide range of network management applications. Many such applications require that the ﬂow monitoring infrastructure provide high ﬂow coverage and be able to support ﬁne-grained network-wide objectives. Coordinated Sampling (cSamp) is a recent proposal for improving the ﬂow monitoring capabilities of ISPs to address these demands. In this paper, we address a key deployment impediment for cSamp-like solutions–the requirement that each router must determine the Origin-Destination (OD) pair of each packet it sees. We present a new framework called cSamp-T, in which each router works with only local information . Using results from the theory of maximizing submodular set functions, we show that cSamp-T provides near-ideal performance in maximizing the total ﬂow coverage in the network. Further, with a small amount of targeted provisioning or upgrades to a small number of ingress routers, cSamp-T nearly optimally maximizes the minimum fractional coverage across all OD-pairs. We demonstrate these results on a range of real topologies. cSamp-T thus makes the beneﬁts of coordinated network-wide monitoring immediately available to ISPs and also provides an incremental deployment path for such solutions.
Of Shape Shifters and Theories

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Topology of gene expression networks as revealed by data mining and modeling

MOTIVATION Interpretation of high-throughput gene expression profiling requires a knowledge of the design principles underlying the networks that sustain cellular machinery. Recently a novel approach based on the study of network topologies has been proposed. This methodology has proven to be useful for the analysis of a variety of biological systems, including metabolic networks, networks of protein-protein interactions, and gene networks that can be derived from gene expression data. In the present paper, we focus on several important issues related to the topology of gene expression networks that have not yet been fully studied. RESULTS The networks derived from gene expression profiles for both time series experiments in yeast and perturbation experiments in cell lines are studied. We demonstrate that independent from the experimental organism (yeast versus cell lines) and the type of experiment (time courses versus perturbations) the extracted networks have similar topological characteristics suggesting together with the results of other common principles of the structural organization of biological networks. A novel computational model of network growth that reproduces the basic design principles of the observed networks is presented. Advantage of the model is that it provides a general mechanism to generate networks with different types of topology by a variation of a few parameters. We investigate the robustness of the network structure to random damages and to deliberate removal of the most important parts of the system and show a surprising tolerance of gene expression networks to both kinds of disturbance.
Towards a Grid Infrastructure for hydro-Meteorological Research

The Distributed Research Infrastructure for Hydro-Meteorological Study (DRIHMS) is a coordinatedaction co-funded by the European Commission. DRIHMS analyzes the main issuesthat arise when designing and setting up a pan-European Grid-based e-Infrastructure for researchactivities in the hydrologic and meteorological fields. The main outcome of the projectis represented first by a set of Grid usage patterns to support innovative hydro-meteorologicalresearch activities, and second by the implications that such patterns define for a dedicatedGrid infrastructure and the respective Grid architecture.
Research review: the role of diet in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder--an appraisal of the evidence on efficacy and recommendations on the design of future studies.

BACKGROUND The efficacy of three dietary treatments for ADHD has been repeatedly tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These interventions are restricted elimination diets (RED), artificial food colour elimination (AFCE) and supplementation with free fatty acids (SFFA). There have been three systematic reviews and associated meta-analyses of the RCTs for each of these treatments. SCOPE The aim of this review is to critically appraise the studies on the dietary treatments of ADHD, to compare the various meta-analyses of their efficacy that have been published and to identify where the design of such RCTs could be improved and where further investigations are needed. FINDINGS The meta-analyses differ in the inclusion and exclusion criteria applied to potentially eligible studies. The range of average effect sizes in standard deviation units is RED (0.29-1.2), AFCE (0.18-0.42) and SFFA (0.17-0.31). The methodology of many of the trials on which the meta-analyses are based is weak. CONCLUSIONS Nevertheless, there is evidence from well-conducted studies for a small effect of SFFA. Restricted elimination diets may be beneficial, but large-scale studies are needed on unselected children, using blind assessment and including assessment of long-term outcome. Artificial food colour elimination is a potentially valuable treatment but its effect size remains uncertain, as does the type of child for whom it is likely to be efficacious. There are additional dietary supplements that have been used with children with ADHD. A systematic search identified 11 RCTs that investigated the effects of these food supplements. Despite positive results for some individual trials, more studies are required before conclusions can be reached on the value in reducing ADHD symptoms of any of these additional supplements.
Heterogeneity in stable isotope profiles predicts coexistence of populations of barn swallows Hirundo rustica differing in morphology and reproductive performance

Population studies assume that individuals belonging to a study population are homogeneous for natal and breeding origin, although this assumption is rarely tested. We tested for heterogeneity in stable–isotope profiles (δ15N, δ13C, δD) of feathers grown in the African winter quarters from a Danish breeding population of adult barn swallows, Hirundo rustica. Deuterium isotope values did not provide useful information on population segregation of wintering swallows in Africa. However, both δ15N and δ13C values showed a clearly bimodal distribution with 6% belonging to one category and the remaining birds belonging to another category, resulting in this population comprising three categories of birds. Adults belonging to the two categories of δ13C isotope profiles differed weakly in morphology for several different characters. The frequency and the size of second broods differed between categories of δ13C isotope profiles. Phenotypes of nestlings from the first brood in terms of tarsus length, body mass and T–cell response differed significantly between the two δ15N isotope categories, suggesting that conditions during winter carried over to the breeding season at least as late as the first brood. Polymorphism can be maintained only if fitness is similar for birds from categories of isotope profiles. We suggest that fluctuating selection or migration–selection balance may maintain the observed polymorphism.
Galaxy Cluster Baryon Fractions, Cluster Surveys and Cosmology Plenary contribution to PASCOS99 meeting, December, 1999

An anchor storage apparatus comprising a cylindrical container having opposing notches formed along the upper rim thereof for receiving opposing ends of the anchor pivot bar therein to support the anchor. The container comprises a hollow tube mounted to the bottom of the container in the center thereof for receiving therein the anchor shank and a portion of the anchor rode and/or chain. The rode is preferably stored in a coiled manner around the hollow tube within the side walls of the container. The bottom of the container has a plurality of drainage holes therethrough to allow water to drain from the container. The bottom of the container is raised relative to the bottom of the side walls to promote water drainage. The side walls of the container have a plurality of holes therethrough to allow air flow so that the rode can adequately dry. An annular ring of soft rubber is affixed along the bottom of the side walls to prevent slippage of the container along the surface of the boat. There is a hole through either the side wall or bottom of the container through which the rode passes for attachment to the boat to prevent loss or substantial displacement of the storage apparatus. The storage apparatus further comprises a cover having a cushion so that the apparatus can be used as a stool.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Practitioners Regarding Epilepsy in Bhutan: A Rural and a Remote Country

ABSTRACT Purpose: Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder with many countries as scientifically silent and little-to-nothing known on various aspects of epilepsy. Methods: Taking background of a first multinational seminar on epilepsy in Bhutan and a short valid questionnaire pertaining to various aspects of epilepsy, before participation. Results: Large participation was achieved (76 out of 87 approached, 87.3%; 53.0% males). Based on the responses of 76.0% lecturers and clinician and medical administration, 21.0% nurses, and 3.0% traditional practitioners, important derivations were obtained: positively, (a) event provided at least an opportunity to bring service providers at a common platform toward initiating particular epilepsy goals, (b) none regarded epilepsy as contagious or due to past sins, (c) all responded favorably to that “they found this event useful' and 'this event added something meaningful to them personally or professionally,” (d) large participation indicated acceptance, need, and common interest among a number of stakeholders. Negatively, significant knowledge-deficit was noted: for 38.4% electroencephalogram is essential for diagnosis, 48.0% responded with incorrect definition of epilepsy, etc. Conclusions: Events, such as this, provides, for scientifically silent countries, basis for not only bringing service providers to a common platform but also to discuss to initiate particular epilepsy goals, to provide additional professional knowledge for strengthening service development, and to determine need and social acceptance around epilepsy. Important knowledge deficit was identified which cannot be fully explained through lack of time or limited training. There might be a need to reappraise the approach to teaching medical professionals about epilepsy.
Endocranial and Inner Ear Morphology of Vintana Sertichi (Mammalia, Gondwanatheria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

ABSTRACT We present the first digital reconstruction of the endocranial cavity and endosseous labyrinth of the Late Cretaceous gondwanatherian mammal Vintana sertichi from the Maevarano Formation of Madagascar. The Malagasy specimen is exceptionally well preserved and represents the only described cranium known for Gondwanatheria, an enigmatic clade from the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene of Gondwana. The endocranial cast of Vintana is relatively small for an animal of its estimated body mass. Its encephalization quotient is 0.28–0.56 for a range of body mass estimates, which is similar to that of basal mammaliaforms. The olfactory bulbs are very large, occupying over 14% of the endocranial volume. The cerebral hemispheres are only slightly expanded, more similar to the condition in Morganucodon than to that in multituberculates and monotremes. Unlike the condition in other Mesozoic mammaliaforms, the endocast is greatly flexed at the circular fissure. The osseous labyrinth displays a mixture of derived and primitive features. The cochlear canal is only slightly curved and short compared with that of extant therians. The ratio between total cochlear canal length and maximum cranial length is smaller than in basal mammaliaforms and approximates that of non-mammaliaform cynodonts. By contrast, the presence of both primary and secondary osseous laminae, the tractus foraminosus, and Rosenthal's canal represent derived characteristics of the mammalian inner ear typical of cladotherians. A modern innervation of the cochlea has either evolved independently in Vintana and cladotherians or was already present in the last common ancestor of both clades. SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline. com/UJVP
Relative time sharing: new findings and an extension of the resource allocation model of temporal processing

Individuals time as if using a stopwatch that can be stopped or reset on command. Here, we review behavioural and neurobiological data supporting the time-sharing hypothesis that perceived time depends on the attentional and memory resources allocated to the timing process. Neuroimaging studies in humans suggest that timekeeping tasks engage brain circuits typically involved in attention and working memory. Behavioural, pharmacological, lesion and electrophysiological studies in lower animals support this time-sharing hypothesis. When subjects attend to a second task, or when intruder events are presented, estimated durations are shorter, presumably due to resources being taken away from timing. Here, we extend the time-sharing hypothesis by proposing that resource reallocation is proportional to the perceived contrast, both in temporal and non-temporal features, between intruders and the timed events. New findings support this extension by showing that the effect of an intruder event is dependent on the relative duration of the intruder to the intertrial interval. The conclusion is that the brain circuits engaged by timekeeping comprise not only those primarily involved in time accumulation, but also those involved in the maintenance of attentional and memory resources for timing, and in the monitoring and reallocation of those resources among tasks.
Phytochrome A and B Regulate Primary Metabolism in Arabidopsis Leaves in Response to Light

Primary metabolism is closely linked to plant productivity and quality. Thus, a better understanding of the regulation of primary metabolism by photoreceptors has profound implications for agricultural practices and management. This study aims at identifying the role of light signaling in the regulation of primary metabolism, with an emphasis on starch. We first screened seven cryptochromes and phytochromes mutants for starch phenotype. The phyAB mutant showed impairment in starch accumulation while its biomass, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and leaf anatomy were unaffected, this deficiency being present over the whole vegetative growth period. Mutation of plastidial nucleoside diphosphate kinase-2 (NDPK2), acting downstream of phytochromes, also caused a deficit in starch accumulation. Besides, the glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit (APS1) was down-regulated in phyAB. Those results suggest that PHYAB affect starch accumulation through NDPK2 and APS1. Then, we determined changes in starch and primary metabolites in single phyA, single phyB, double phyAB grown in light conditions differing in light intensity and/or light spectral content. PHYA is involved in starch accumulation in all the examined light conditions, whereas PHYB only exhibits a role under low light intensity (44 ± 1 μmol m-2 s-1) or low R:FR (11.8 ± 0.6). PCA analysis of the metabolic profiles in the mutants and wild type (WT) suggested that PHYB acts as a major regulator of the leaf metabolic status in response to light intensity. Overall, we propose that PHYA and PHYB signaling play essential roles in the control of primary metabolism in Arabidopsis leaves in response to light.