Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Develepment of Real Time Application Platform for Linux Kernel with Preempt-RT

The On board computer (OBC) of an aerospace vehicle carries out control, guidance and navigation operations during the flight. It consists of a processor and IO board to execute the real time embedded software and to read input data from other subsystems & send commands to control system. In the specific system, the Power-PC 7410 based processor board is used and the IO board supports four UART, two Ethernet, four Arinc channels, two MIL-1553 nodes eight ADC’s, eight DAC channels. It consists of 128MB SD-RAM, 8MB boot flash, and 64MB user flash. The OBC has to execute the control and guidance software which is bounded by hard real-time constraints. To achieve the hard real time constraints of the OBC, the Linux kernel is patched with the PREEMPT-RT and ported on to it. The customization of real time Linux kernel for PowerPC-7410 based hardware, and application development on the same platform using kernel primitives are presented in this paper. The software requires an extensive use of the kernel primitives like THREADS, TIMERS, SEMAPHORES, MUTEXES, SIGNALS, and PIPES etc. Application modules demonstrating the apt usage of the kernel primitives for real time application development have been created. These application modules will be used in the development of the Real-time-embedded flight software for the onboard computer of an aerospace vehicle.
Regulation of Retinoid Receptors by Retinoic Acid and Axonal Contact in Schwann Cells

Background Schwann cells (SCs) are the cell type responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). As retinoic acid (RA) and other retinoids have a profound effect as regulators of the myelination program, we sought to investigate how their nuclear receptors levels were regulated in this cell type. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, by using Schwann cells primary cultures from neonatal Wistar rat pups, as well as myelinating cocultures of Schwann cells with embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, we have found that sustained expression of RXR-γ depends on the continuous presence of a labile activator, while axonal contact mimickers produced an increase in RXR-γ mRNA and protein levels, increment that could be prevented by RA. The upregulation by axonal contact mimickers and the transcriptional downregulation by RA were dependent on de novo protein synthesis and did not involve changes in mRNA stability. On the other hand, RAR-β mRNA levels were only slightly modulated by axonal contact mimickers, while RA produced a strong transcriptional upregulation that was independent of de novo protein synthesis without changes in mRNA stability. Conclusions/Significance All together, our results show that retinoid receptors are regulated in a complex manner in Schwann cells, suggesting that they could have a prominent role as regulators of Schwann cell physiology.
Alignment-Annotator web server: rendering and annotating sequence alignments

Alignment-Annotator is a novel web service designed to generate interactive views of annotated nucleotide and amino acid sequence alignments (i) de novo and (ii) embedded in other software. All computations are performed at server side. Interactivity is implemented in HTML5, a language native to web browsers. The alignment is initially displayed using default settings and can be modified with the graphical user interfaces. For example, individual sequences can be reordered or deleted using drag and drop, amino acid color code schemes can be applied and annotations can be added. Annotations can be made manually or imported (BioDAS servers, the UniProt, the Catalytic Site Atlas and the PDB). Some edits take immediate effect while others require server interaction and may take a few seconds to execute. The final alignment document can be downloaded as a zip-archive containing the HTML files. Because of the use of HTML the resulting interactive alignment can be viewed on any platform including Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Android and iOS in any standard web browser. Importantly, no plugins nor Java are required and therefore Alignment-Anotator represents the first interactive browser-based alignment visualization. Availability: http://www.bioinformatics. org/strap/aa/ and http://strap.charite. de/aa/.
Regulation of Trypanosoma cruzi infectivity by alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists: desensitization produced by prolonged treatments or increasing agonist concentrations

SUMMARY We previously reported that blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi express alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and that binding of specific agonists to these receptors modifies the infective capacity of the parasite in vitro. The present study has revealed that the inhibitory effect of the beta-adrenergic agonist L-isoproterenol and the stimulatory effect of the alpha-adrenergic agonist L-phenylephrine are not produced when the parasite is subjected to prolonged exposure to otherwise effective doses of these agonists or when supraoptimal doses of these agonists are used. We refer to these phenomena as ‘desensitization’ because of their analogy with vertebrate cells becoming desensitized by prolonged exposure to, or relatively high concentrations of, adrenergic agonists. At a constant agonist concentration, T. cruzi desensitization was time-dependent and, when the time of parasite treatment with the agonists was not changed, the higher concentrations of the agonist tested were the most effective in producing desensitization. The reduced infectivity resulting from treatment with optimal doses of L-isoproterenol was accompanied by elevated levels of cyclic adenosine mono- phosphate (cAMP) which were not detectable when L-isoproterenol concentrations producing desensitization were used. This finding implicated cAMP as a likely second signal in the inhibitory mechanisms of this agonist. No significant change in cAMP was detectable in parasites treated with L-phenylephrine, leaving open the question about how optimal doses of this alpha-adrenergic agonist enhance T. cruzi infectivity. Parasite responsiveness to alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists as well as the desensitization effects define a system which regulates infectivity and could be modified at the host tissue level by naturally occurring agonists.
Interprofessional Clinical Education and Practice.

In the area of professional education and practice, some degree of clinical experience is universally deemed desirable for training a student in the helping professions. Field work, apprenticeship, intern placement, and other clinical experiences provide a dimension to the professional's education that reading materials and classroom simulations do not. However, when discussing clinical education as a method for teaching interprofessional theory and practice, two basic questions emerge: (a) Does clinical education provide a significant method for teaching the subject? and (b) can clinical education be successful in the interprofessional arena? Although these questions are not definitively answered in this article, they are analyzed to discover how an affirmative answer to each could be
Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Contextual Factors in Engaging in and Responding to Extramarital Involvement

Extramarital involvement (EMI) occurs with high prevalence among couples in clinical and community settings, frequently resulting in considerable distress both to participants and their spouses. The field lacks a synthesized review of this literature. Without such a synthesis, it has been difficult for researchers and clinicians to have an understanding of what is and is not known about EMI. This article reviews the large and scattered EMI literature using a framework that encompasses multiple source domains across the temporal process of engaging in and responding to EMI. In addition, this review delineates conceptual and methodological limitations to previous work in this area and articulates directions for further research.
Multi-Pose Face Detection and Tracking Using Condensation

Automatically locating face areas can advance applications either in images or videos. This paper proposes a video-based approach for face detection and tracking in an indoor environment to determine where face areas appear in video sequences. Our approach involves four main modules: an initialization module for setting all configurations, a Condensation module for face tracking, a template module for measuring the observation process in Condensation, and a correction module for correcting the tracking if the tracked face has been lost. We adapted the Condensation algorithm for dealing with the face tracking problem, and designed a checklist scheme for the template module that can record the most significant templates of the tracked face poses. We also performed experiments to demonstrate the performance and the robustness of our proposed approach for face detection and tracking.
Atypical Signaling and Functional Desensitization Response of MAS Receptor to Peptide Ligands

MAS is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in multiple physiological processes. Several physiological peptide ligands such as angiotensin-(1–7), angiotensin fragments and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) are reported to act on MAS. Studies of conventional G protein signaling and receptor desensitization upon stimulation of MAS with the peptide ligands are limited so far. Therefore, we systematically analyzed G protein signals activated by the peptide ligands. MAS-selective non-peptide ligands that were previously shown to activate G proteins were used as controls for comparison on a common cell based assay platform. Activation of MAS by the non-peptide agonist (1) increased intracellular calcium and D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (IP1) levels which are indicative of the activation of classical Gαq-phospholipase C signaling pathways, (2) decreased Gαi mediated cAMP levels and (3) stimulated Gα12-dependent expression of luciferase reporter. In all these assays, MAS exhibited strong constitutive activity that was inhibited by the non-peptide inverse agonist. Further, in the calcium response assay, MAS was resistant to stimulation by a second dose of the non-peptide agonist after the first activation has waned suggesting functional desensitization. In contrast, activation of MAS by the peptide ligand NPFF initiated a rapid rise in intracellular calcium with very weak IP1 accumulation which is unlike classical Gαq-phospholipase C signaling pathway. NPFF only weakly stimulated MAS-mediated activation of Gα12 and Gαi signaling pathways. Furthermore, unlike non-peptide agonist-activated MAS, NPFF-activated MAS could be readily re-stimulated the second time by the agonists. Functional assays with key ligand binding MAS mutants suggest that NPFF and non-peptide ligands bind to overlapping regions. Angiotensin-(1–7) and other angiotensin fragments weakly potentiated an NPFF-like calcium response at non-physiological concentrations (≥100 µM). Overall, our data suggest that peptide ligands induce atypical signaling and functional desensitization of MAS.
Levofloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that has a broad spectrum of activity against several causative bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 10 days in patients with CAP are well established. Furthermore, a high-dose (750 mg), short-course (5 days) of once-daily levofloxacin has been approved for use in the USA in the treatment of CAP, acute bacterial sinusitis, acute pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infections. Levofloxacin can be used as a monotherapy in patients with CAP, however, levofloxacin combination therapy with anti-pseudomonal β-lactam (or aminoglycoside) should be considered if Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causative pathogen of the respiratory infection. The high-dose, short-course levofloxacin regimen maximizes its concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, decreases the potential for drug resistance and has better patient compliance. Oral levofloxacin is rapidly absorbed and is bioequivalent to the intravenous formulation and the patients can switch between these formulations, which results in more options with respect to the therapeutic regimens. Furthermore, levofloxacin is generally well tolerated, has good tissue penetration and adequate concentrations can be maintained at the site of infections.
Birmingham revisited – causal differences between the riots of 2011 and 2005?

Despite the nature of the Birmingham 2011 riots being rather different from those which occurred in the Lozells area of Birmingham in 2005, this article argues that the underlying causal factors are broadly similar for both. The 2011 riots followed disorders in London after the police shooting of Mark Duggan in Tottenham and entailed elements of social protest, opportunistic looting and an instance of gang violence, resulting in three deaths. In contrast, the Lozells 2005 disorders comprised of an explosion of inter-minority conflict during which two persons died, following a rumour of a sexual attack by members of one community against an individual from another. Drawing from interviews with police, the article examines these events and the policing operations. It concludes that the causes of both events lie rooted in socio-economic factors, in addition to a history of police–community tensions. These are considered in turn, as is the role of police–community liaison and engagement in containing the 2011 riots from escalating even more. The potential negative impacts of current economic austerity measures are also questioned.
A study of the mechanism of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’)‐induced neurotoxicity of 5‐HT neurones using chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and other protective compounds

1 An investigation has been made in rats into the neurotoxic effect of the relatively selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) neurotoxin, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ‘Ecstasy’) using chlormethiazole and dizocilpine, both known neuroprotective compounds and also γ‐butyro‐lactone, ondansetron and pentobarbitone. 2 Administration of MDMA (20 mg kg−1, i.p.) resulted in a 50% loss of cortical and hippocampal 5‐HT and 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) 4 days later. This reflects the long term neurotoxic loss of 5‐HT that occurs. Injection of γ‐butyrolactone (GBL; 400 mg kg−1, i.p.) 5 min before and 55 min after the MDMA provided substantial protection. Pentobarbitone (25 mg kg−1, i.p.) using the same dose regime was also protective, but ondansetron (0.5 mg kg−1 or 0.1 mg kg−1, i.p.) was without effect. 3 MDMA (20 mg kg−1) had no significant effect on striatal dopamine concentration 4 days later but did produce a small decrease in 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content. There were few significant changes in rats given MDMA plus GBL, ondansetron or pentobarbitone. 4 A single injection of MDMA (20 mg kg−1, i.p.) resulted in a greater than 80% depletion of 5‐HT in hippocampus and cortex 4 h later, reflecting the initial rapid release that had occurred. None of the neuroprotective compounds (chlormethiazole, 50 mg kg−1; dizocilpine, 1 mg kg−1; GBL, 400 mg kg−1; pentobarbitone, 25 mg kg−1) given 5 min before and 55 min after the MDMA injection, altered the degree of 5‐HT loss. 5 Acute MDMA injection increased striatal dopamine content (28%) and decreased the DOPAC content. In general, administration of the drugs under investigation did not significantly alter these MDMA‐induced changes. Both chlormethiazole and GBL produced a greater increase in dopamine than MDMA alone, but this was apparently an additive effect to the action of either drug alone. 6 The 5‐HT loss 4 h following administration of the neurotoxin p‐chloroamphetamine (2.5 mg kg−1, i.p.) was not affected by chlormethiazole or dizocilpine. p‐Chloroamphetamine did not appear to alter striatal dopamine metabolism. 7 None of the protective drugs inhibited the initial 5‐HT loss following MDMA, rendering unlikely any proposal that they are protective because they inhibit 5‐HT release and the subsequent formation of a toxic indole derivative. All the protective compounds (unlike ondansetron) probably inhibit dopamine release in the striatum. Since the neurotoxic action of some substituted amphetamines is dependent on the integrity of nigro‐striatal neurones, this fact may go some way to explain the protective action of this diverse group of compounds.
A multi modal approach to gesture recognition from audio and video data

We describe in this paper our approach for the Multi-modal gesture recognition challenge organized by ChaLearn in conjunction with the ICMI 2013 conference. The competition's task was to learn a vocabulary of 20 types of Italian gestures performed from different persons and to detect them in sequences. We develop an algorithm to find the gesture intervals in the audio data, extract audio features from those intervals and train two different models. We engineer features from the skeleton data and use the gesture intervals in the training data to train a model that we afterwards apply to the test sequences using a sliding window. We combine the models through weighted averaging. We find that this way to combine information from two different sources boosts the models performance significantly.
Responding to People Sleeping Rough: Dilemmas and Opportunities for Social Work

Abstract Rough sleeping refers to the state of being literally without shelter or residing in shelter not fit for human habitation. People who sleep rough are thought to be a group who experience a range of complex problems in addition to their homelessness. Despite their small numbers relative to the broader homeless population, rough sleepers have been identified as a target group for policy and practice intervention. This article critically examines outreach responses directed toward people sleeping rough. Moving beyond traditional charity approaches or interventions that “move people on”, emerging models of “assertive outreach” have been implemented in Australia as part of broader strategies to reduce homelessness. Challenging the idea that assertive outreach is a shift from a social work approach, it is argued that interventions to actively end rough sleeping are consistent with social work principles. Indeed, this article takes it that social work must advocate for the provision of affordable housing as central to rough sleeping interventions. Housing not only enables people to achieve human dignity and worth, but the linking of housing with outreach responses to rough sleepers will facilitate a trusting and effective working relationship.
Neurally selected embryonic stem cells induce tumor formation after long-term survival following engraftment into the subretinal space.

PURPOSE To determine whether transplantation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into the subretinal space of rhodopsin-knockout mice has a tumorigenic effect. METHODS Mouse ES-cell-derived neural precursor cells carrying the sequence for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were grafted subretinally into the eyes of rhodopsin(-/-) mice, whereas control animals underwent sham surgery. Eyes were retrieved after 2, 4, and 8 weeks after cell injection or sham surgery for histologic analysis. RESULTS Gross morphologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical analysis of eyes at 2 and 4 weeks after engraftment exhibited no morphologic alterations, whereas neoplasia formation was detected in 50% of the eyes evaluated at 8 weeks after engraftment. Because the neoplasias expressed differentiation characteristics of the different germ layers, they were considered to be teratomas. The resultant tumor formation affected almost all layers of the eye, including the retina, the vitreous, and the choroid. CONCLUSIONS Although ES cells may provide treatment for degenerative disease in the future, their unlimited self-renewal and high differentiation potential poses the risk of tumor induction after engraftment. Thus, more care must be taken before using ES cell transplantation as a therapeutic option for patients with degenerative disease.
From clomipramine to mianserin: therapeutic relevance of interactions with serotonin uptake and storage, as studied in the blood platelet model

Inhibition of active serotonin uptake into neurones and platelets is a common effect of tricyclic and related antidepressants, and has been regarded as one of the more important mechanisms of action of such drugs. However, as is shown in this survey, the antidepressants vary widely in their potency as inhibitors of platelet serotonin uptake, and they also differ in the type of inhibition kinetics, from purely competitive to mixed competitive/non‐competitive. The therapeutic relevance of this effect is discussed. Serotonin uptake inhibition seems to be one of several mechanisms for obtaining the required normalization of monoamine dysfunction in depression. Analysis of efflux from platelets preloaded with a moderate amount of 14C‐serotonin provides information on the storage and compartmentation of serotonin in the platelets, and on the rate of efflux from the different compartments. When present during the preloading phase, some antidepressants seem to produce a relative increase in serotonin in the granular storage compartment when compared to the smaller cytoplasmic compartment. This effect is in some respects opposite to that exerted by reserpine, and possibly may be pharmacologically relevant.
Hierarchical Evolutionary Theory: There Is an Alternative, and It's Not Creationism

Buss offers us the choice of creationism, seeding from outer space, and evolutionary theory. Stated that way, it seems the choice is not only obvious but also that there are no basic disagreements about what "evolution by natural selection" means. In his Figure 1, Buss clearly indicates that he believes evolutionary theory and inclusive-fitness theory are one and the same. In fact, however, evolutionary theory is not monolithic; it is a theory in ferment as various disciplines such as ecology, developmental biology, and paleontology have begun reconstructing Darwinianism to accommodate their subject matter (Boucher, 1985; Eldredge & Grene, 1992; Kauffman, 1993). If psychologists are to embrace the evolutionary framework, we are going to have to take an active role in selecting and developing models of evolution itself that fit the phenomena we are dealing with. Although Buss claims not to be a sociobiologist, inclusive-fitness theory is the hallmark of sociobiology. Sociobiology assumes that the task of natural selection is the reproduction of genes and that mechanisms evolve for that purpose. In sociobiological writings, differential reproduction is the engine that drives evolution rather than reproduction being the by-product of successful survival. Worse yet, reproductive competition has been reduced to the level of the gene-as if individual organisms were simply the "carriers" of genetic material, and genes themselves were competing for control over the next generation. This perspective has been criticized extensively by ourselves as well as others (Brewer & Caporael, 1990; Caporael & Brewer, 1991; Gould & Lewontin, 1984; Kitcher, 1985). Therefore, we do not repeat those criticisms here. Rather, it is our intent to present an alternative to sociobiology as an account of human sociality-an alternative based on modern work in developmental systems (Gray, 1992; Oyama, 1985) and hierarchical theory in biology (L. Buss, 1987; Eldredge & Grene, 1992; Wilson & Sober, in press).