Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Boys with the Fragile X Premutation

ABSTRACT. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a full mutation expansion (>200 CGG repeats) in the FMR1 gene that results in a deficiency of the fragile X mental retardation protein. Although most individuals with the premutation (55-200 CGG repeats) are considered unaffected by FXS, recent case studies have documented children with the premutation who have cognitive deficits, behavioral problems, and/or autism spectrum disorders. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in boys with the premutation who presented as probands, in brothers with the premutation who did not present as probands, and in normal brothers of premutation and/or full mutation carriers. Participants included 43 male children: 14 probands who presented to clinic, 13 nonprobands who were identified through cascade testing (routine genetic testing of family members after identification of a proband) and confirmed to have the premutation, and a control group of 16 male siblings of individuals with the fragile X premutation or full mutation who were negative for the FMR1 mutation. Participants came from 1 of 2 collaborative sites: University of California, Davis and La Trobe University in Australia. Parents completed the Conners' Global Index-Parent Version for assessing symptoms of ADHD and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) for identifying symptoms of ASD. Children who were in the ASD range on the SCQ (n = 13) underwent further evaluation with either the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (n = 10) or the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (n = 3). A final diagnosis of ASD included clinical assessment utilizing DSM-IV-TR criteria in addition to the standardized assessments. There was a higher rate of ASD in boys with the premutation presenting as probands (p < 0.001) or nonprobands (p < .04) compared with sibling controls without the premutation. In addition, probands had a significant increase in ADHD symptoms compared with controls (p < .0001). Of the probands, 93% had symptoms of ADHD and 79% had ASD. In the nonproband premutation group, 38% had symptoms of ADHD and 8% had ASD. Thirteen percent of sibling controls had symptoms of ADHD and none had ASD. IQ scores were similar in all 3 groups (p = .13), but the use of psychotropic medications was significantly higher in probands with the premutation compared with that in controls (p < .0001). Developmental problems have been observed in premutation carriers, particularly those who present clinically with behavioral difficulties. Although this study is based on a small sample size, it suggests that premutation carriers, even those who do not present clinically, may be at increased risk for an ASD and/or symptoms of ADHD. If the premutation is identified through cascade testing, then further assessment should be carried out for symptoms of ADHD, social deficits, or learning disabilities.
Does the man in the moon ever sleep? An analysis of student answers about simple astronomical events: A case study

In this article the answers provided by 98, 12-year-old students to questions included in an end-of-year science examination are analysed. Almost all of the students are able to explain day and night, but the reason why the Moon always presents the same face to the Earth is less well understood. Estimations of the time in Earth days from sunrise to sunrise on the Moon vary. Most students can explain the apparent movement of stars across the night-sky, but their direction is less certain. Implications of the findings for teaching and learning are addressed.
Cognitive Processing of Fear-Arousing Message Content

Path analyses were conducted to test models consistent with predictions made by the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM) of cognitive processing. Levels of fear-arousing message content and trait anxiety were controlled. Broken out by fear-arousing content, a control analogous to issue involvement, the data show antagonistic message processing. For low-fear message recipients, messages were processed centrally (systematically). For high-fear message recipients, there is evidence of peripheral (heuristic) processing. Broken out by trait anxiety, a control analogous to both chronic fear and need for cognition, there is evidence of both concurrent and antagonistic processing. For low-anxiety people, there is evidence of simultaneous processing of central (systematic) and peripheral (heuristic) cues. For high-anxiety people, there is evidence of central (systematic) processing.
Relacionamento entre persistência do lucro residual e participação de mercado em firmas brasileiras de capital aberto

Este estudo analisa a Dinâmica Informacional Linear (DIL) de Ohlson, avaliando os efeitos da participacao de mercado de firmas brasileiras sobre a serie de lucros residuais. Lucro residual e estimado a partir do modelo de avaliacao da firma de Ohlson (1995). A participacao de mercado e ponderada pela representatividade do setor em relacao a media dos setores. Sao utilizadas tres variaveis de controle: indice de concentracao industrial, crescimento do PIB e porte da firma. Testa-se a hipotese de que participacao de mercado, em firmas brasileiras, tem um relacionamento temporal significante estatisticamente em sua serie de lucros residuais, mantida a persistencia da DIL de Ohlson. A amostra e coletada a partir da base de dados do Economatica, incluindo o periodo de 1996 - 2005. Os resultados demonstram que a premissa da DIL foi confirmada enquanto que a participacao de mercado nao apresenta conteudo informacional, pois seu coeficiente (²) nao e estatisticamente significante em todos os modelos processados. Diante desses resultados, rejeita-se a hipotese de pesquisa. Conclui-se que a participacao de mercado, conforme mensurada neste estudo, nao provoca ganhos anormais em firmas brasileiras a partir da analise de seus lucros residuais.
A proposed role for the lutropin receptor in contact-inducible gonococcal invasion of Hec1B cells

We previously reported the existence of a contact-inducible, enhanced invasion phenotype in the obligate human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Our present studies showed that the ability of glutaraldehyde-fixed eucaryotic cells to convert gonococci (GC) to this invasive phenotype (Inv+) is limited to cells derived from reproductive tissues. We present evidence that GC recognize the lutropin receptor (LHr), which recognizes both luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as the tissue-specific environmental signal that induces the conversion of GC to the Inv+ phenotype. By competitive binding studies, we showed that Inv+ GC bind to Hec1B cells, a human endometrial cell line, by a unique adhesin not present on noninduced GC and that this Inv+ GC-specific binding is completely blocked by the addition of hCG. We demonstrated that limiting the access of GC to LHr decreases the ability of the host cell to both convert GC to the Inv+ phenotype and serve as a target for Inv+ GC invasion. We propose a model of GC invasion of Hec1B cells in which the LHr plays a dual role both as an induction signal and as part of the internalization mechanism. This utilization of LHr could account for both the preponderance of complicated GC disease in women and the observed correlation of the disease with the onset of menses.
Study on a provably secure certificateless aggregate signature scheme

The certificateless signature has become one of the hotspots of cryptography research owing to its successful resolution of problems between traditional public key cryptography and identity-based cryptography. Because of the calculation characteristics of the certificateless signature scheme, it is more suitable to be applied in certain network environment in which the resource is constrained, such as wireless sensor networks and so on. This paper analyzes the security of Du et al.'s certificateless aggregate signature scheme. The analysis shows that Du et al.'s certificateless aggregate signature scheme does not have the security property of unforgeability. A malicious KCG(Key Generation Center) can forge a valid aggregate signature on any designated message even without the signer's private key. In order to overcome this problem, this paper adopts a method of adding a hash function to the improved certificateless aggregate signature scheme. Our improved scheme is capable of resisting the forgery attack without increasing the computational cost.
Independent psychophysical measurement of experimental modulations in the somatotopy of cutaneous heat-pain stimuli

Distortions of the body image have been repeatedly reported for various clinical conditions, but direct experimental analyses of the perceptual changes involved are still scarce. In addition, most experimental studies rely on cerebral activation patterns to assess neuroplastic changes in central representation, although the relationship between cerebral topography and the topology of the perceptual space is not clear. This study examines whether the direct psychophysical mapping approach we introduced recently (Trojan et al., Brain Res 2006;1120:106–113) is capable of tracking perceptual distortions in the somatotopic representation of heat-pain stimuli. Eleven healthy participants indicated the perceived positions of CO2 laser stimuli, repetitively presented to the dorsal forearm, with a 3D tracking system in two consecutive sessions, separated by the topical application of capsaicin cream. In line with earlier reports, we expected that the resulting individual perceptual maps (i.e., one-dimensional projections of the perceived positions onto the forearm surface) would be subject to modulation through the altered sensory input, to be measured in terms of altered topological parameters. We found that the topology and metrics of the somatotopic representation were well preserved in the second session, but that the perceptual map was compressed to a smaller range in 9 out of 11 participants. By providing dimensional measures of perceptual representations, perceptual maps constitute an independent, genuinely psychological complement to the topography of cortical activations measured with neuroimaging methods. In addition, we expect them to be useful in diagnosing pathological changes in body perception accompanying chronic pain and other disorders.
Modulation of Chromatin Folding by Histone Acetylation (*)

A homogeneous oligonucleosome complex was prepared by reconstitution of highly hyperacetylated histone octamers onto a linear DNA template consisting of 12 tandemly arranged 208-base pair fragments of the 5 S rRNA gene from the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. The ionic strength-dependent folding of this oligonucleosome assembly was monitored by sedimentation velocity and electron microscopy. Both types of analysis indicate that under ionic conditions resembling those found in the physiological range and in the absence of histone H1, the acetylated oligonucleosome complexes remain in an extended conformation in contrast to their nonacetylated counterparts. The implications of this finding in the context of a multistate model of chromatin folding (Hansen, J. C., and Ausio, J.(1992) TIBS 197, 187-191) as well as its biological relevance are discussed.
Language and Culture Effects on Gender Classification of Objects

The present studies test whether French grammatical gender affects bilingual children’s classification of objects as boys or girls in English, in children aged 3 to 5 years (Study 1) and aged 8 to 10 years (Study 2), compared to monolingual children to control for possible cultural biases. In both studies, children tended to classify more objects as boys than as girls. In Study 1, the bilingual children showed a reduced boy bias relative to monolinguals. Only the older children showed a by-object effect of French gender. The bilinguals’ and monolinguals’ classifications were highly correlated. In Study 3, English-speaking adults classified object names as boys or girls. The adults’ classifications were highly correlated with the children’s. The authors argue that the classification of objects by gender is affected by cultural biases as well as knowledge of French. The effect of French knowledge is modified by age.
Versión española del pavlovian temperament survey (pts-s)

A Spanish Version of the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS-S). The Spanish version of the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) is presented. Five hundred and seventeen participants answered the 252 items composing the original questionnaire, from which the PTS-S, the Spanish version of the PTS, has been developed. Following the criteria that have been formulated by the authors of the PTS in order to construct the specific versions for different cultures, 66 items were selected, 22 for each one of the scales: Strenght of Excitation, Strenght of Inhibition and Mobility. The psychometric properties of the scales seem to be adequate, but the causes of the differences related with sex and age should be explored in future reseach. Data from the PTS-S are similar to those obtained in other countries.
Fracture resistances of zirconia, cast Ni-Cr, and fiber-glass composite posts under all-ceramic crowns in endodontically treated premolars

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fracture resistances of zirconia, cast nickel-chromium alloy (Ni-Cr), and fiber-composite post systems under all-ceramic crowns in endodontically treated mandibular first premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 extracted human mandibular premolars were selected, subjected to standard endodontic treatment, and divided into three groups (n=12) as follows: cast Ni-Cr post-and-core, one-piece custom-milled zirconia post-and-core, and prefabricated fiber-glass post with composite resin core. Each specimen had an all-ceramic crown with zirconia coping and was then loaded to failure using a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min, at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the roots. Fracture resistance and modes of failure were analyzed. The significance of the results was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honest significance difference (HSD) tests (α=.05). RESULTS Fiber-glass posts with composite cores showed the highest fracture resistance values (915.70±323 N), and the zirconia post system showed the lowest resistance (435.34±220 N). The corresponding mean value for the Ni-Cr casting post and cores was reported as 780.59±270 N. The differences among the groups were statistically significant (P<.05) for the zirconia group, as tested by ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. CONCLUSION The fracture resistance of zirconia post-and-core systems was found to be significantly lower than those of fiberglass and cast Ni-Cr post systems. Moreover, catastrophic and non-restorable fractures were more prevalent in teeth restored by zirconia posts.
Discovering a light Higgs boson with light

We evaluate the prospects for detecting a non-standard light Higgs boson with a significant branching ratio to two photons, in run II of the Fermilab Tevatron. We derive the reach for several channels: 2{gamma} inclusive, 2{gamma}+1 jet, and 2{gamma}+2 jets. We present the expected run II limits on the branching ratio of h{yields}{gamma}{gamma} as a function of the Higgs boson mass, for the case of ''bosonic,'' as well as ''top-color'' Higgs bosons. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Cognitive Diversity in Teams

The growing research literature on cognitive diversity in teams has multidisciplinary and international relevance. However, the varied conceptual and operational definitions restrict theory development and comparisons of empirical results. The purpose of the present article is to provide guidance for the systematic study of cognitive diversity and team functioning. We demonstrate that organization of the literature is necessary and offer an organizing heuristic based on the stability of the cognitive diversity conceptualization. Using this framework, we review the empirical findings for the effects of cognitive diversity on team criteria. Then, we address methodological issues and describe the manners in which cognitive diversity has been composed to the team level. Following each section we offer summary findings, critique the state of the literature, and offer guidance for future research. There are opportunities for researchers to enhance precision in theory and measurement and for integration across disciplines.
Routes to action: Evidence from apraxia

Abstract We report the case of a right-handed patient (CD), with a unilateral lesion of the left parietal lobe, who was unimanually apraxic to visually presented objects. In particular, CD was unable to initiate learned gestures to seen objects with his right hand, even though he was able to perform the same gestures with his left hand (and was often able to perform right-hand gestures subsequently). CD could perform right-handed gestures when the objects were not present and he was given their names, and his performance with seen objects improved when he was given pairs of objects. From CD's performance we argue that gestures to visually presented objects are normally based on co-operation between stored knowledge about the class of gesture to use, and directly computed visual representations that provide the spatial co-ordinates for action. We suggest that CD's problem is due to his having an impaired “route” from vision to action that selectively impairs right-hand actions for him.
Getting a life: the emergence of the life story in adolescence.

In the life story, autobiographical remembering and self-understanding are combined to create a coherent account of one's past. A gap is demonstrated between developmental research on the story-organization of autobiographical remembering of events in childhood and of life narratives in adulthood. This gap is bridged by substantiating D.P. McAdams's (1985) claim that the life story develops in adolescence. Two manifestations of the life story, life narratives and autobiographical reasoning, are delineated in terms of 4 types of global coherence (temporal, biographical, causal, and thematic). A review of research shows that the cognitive tools necessary for constructing global coherence in a life story and the social-motivational demands to construct a life story develop during adolescence. The authors delineate the implications of the life story framework for other research areas such as coping, attachment, psychotherapeutic process, and the organization of autobiographical memory.
Comorbidity of Language and Social-Emotional Disorders: Comparison of Psychiatric Outpatients and Their Siblings

To examine factors that differentiate children raised in the same family who are psychiatrically referred from those who are not, 100 referred 4- to 12-year-old children were compared to siblings on a battery of standardized language tests and behavioral checklists. Results indicate a relation among psychiatric referral, externalizing psychopathology, and receptive language disorders. A higher percentage of siblings had language disorders than would be expected based on community prevalence figures; and in 24% of cases, these disorders had not been suspected prior to assessment. Results are discussed in relation to factors that place children within a family at risk for psychopathology.
Queering early childhood practices: Opening up possibilities with common children's literature

The field of early childhood education has historically recommended best practices (Gomby, Larner, Stevenson, & Lewit, 1995; McDonnell & Hardman, 1988), while more transformative approaches suggest deconstructing such models (Cannella, 1997; Swadener & Lubeck, 1995) through the exploration of culturally-relevant perspectives. While these perspectives allow us to address some multicultural issues, we propose that by queering such practices, we can develop more fluid understandings that can open up possibilities for practice in the field of early childhood education. In this paper, we use the folktale The Three Little Pigs to expose ways in which generalized identity categories can be shifted and destabilized—queered. We suggest that an analysis of three very different retellings of these stories through the lens of queer theory can be extrapolated to an analysis of three different approaches to early childhood education. Through the study of three children’s literature texts, we explore the possibilities of queering early childhood practices and draw implications for opening up possibilities and embracing social justice in the early childhood context. Congruent with the best practices model of early childhood education, Walt Disney’s Three Little Pigs (Disney, 1933/1948) follows the traditional tale with the wolf eating the first two pigs after he blows down their houses, and the third pig surviving because he used the best home
Patching plasma membrane disruptions with cytoplasmic membrane.

Vesicle-vesicle fusion initiated in cell cytoplasm by high Ca(2+) can rapidly erect large membrane boundaries. These might be used as a 'patch' for resealing plasma membrane disruptions. Three central predictions of this 'patch' hypothesis are here established in sea urchin eggs. First, we show that surface markers for plasma membrane protein and lipid are initially absent over disruption sites after resealing is complete. Second, we demonstrate that resealing capacity is strongly dependent upon local availability of fusion competent cytoplasmic organelles, specifically the reserve or yolk granule. Lastly, we demonstrate that the reserve granule is capable of rapid (t(1/2) <1 second), Ca(2+)-regulated (high threshold) fusion capable of erecting large (>1000 microm(2)), continuous membrane boundaries. Production of patch vesicles for resealing may proceed by an 'emergency' fusion mechanism distinct from that utilized for the much slower, highly regulated, cytosol-requiring organelle-organelle fusion events typical of constitutive membrane trafficking pathways.
Exploring the Fit of Western PTSD Models Across Three Non-Western Low- and Middle-Income Countries

The purpose of this study was to examine the fit of existing Western posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) models across 3 non-Western low and middle income countries (LMIC). Secondary data analysis was conducted from studies among torture survivors in Northern Iraq, sexual violence survivors in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Burmese refugees in Thailand. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) data to compare established Western PTSD models using (a) the 3-factor Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 4th edition model, (b) the 4-factor “numbing” model, (c) the 4-factor “dysphoria” model, and (d) the 4- factor DSM-5 model. For both the DRC and Burma all models had adequate fit. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) determined that the 4-factor “numbing” model was the best fit for the DRC and the 4-factor “dysphoria” model was the best fit for Burma. For Iraq, none of the models had adequate fit. Results support previous research which indicates inconsistency among Western models of PTSD among populations from LMIC. Further research should explore whether this is indicative of the context or potentially other factors.
An Attention-Based View of Real Options Reasoning

Real options reasoning assumes timely and effective managerial decision making yet does not address managers' ability to provide it. An attention-based view describes managerial behavior under varying structural conditions. I examine real options reasoning from an attention-based view. I develop several testable propositions regarding the effects of a firm's particular concrete and contextual attention structures on the ways in which its managers notice, champion, acquire, maintain, exercise, and abandon the various real options within its portfolio. I conclude with implications for future empirical research on real options reasoning.