Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Domination-Based Lateral Stability Control Method for Electric Vehicle Lane Keeping System

Lane keeping control technology can improve driving safety. But the direct control torque, caused by four in-wheel motors of an electric vehicle driven by four in-wheel motors (EV-DFIM), will affect the vehicle lateral stability. For solving this issue, a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) lateral dynamic model of an EV-DFIM lane keeping system is constructed to obtain the lateral stability control state equations. Then a homogeneous domination-based state observer and output feedback controller are designed to improve the vehicle lateral stability and balance when the lane keeping system is working. The Lyapunov method is used to prove that the designed homogeneous domination-based output feedback controller can globally asymptotically stabilize the system. Then, a direct yaw moment strategy is presented based on the optimal allocation algorithm with the lowest utilization rate of the tire to allocate the desired torques for every in-wheel motor. Finally, numerical simulation and HIL simulation are carried out to verify that the proposed lateral stability control method based on homogeneous domination theory for the EV-DFIM lane keeping system has a good control effect and robustness.
Profiling of microRNA from skeletal muscle of Bandur sheep using RNA sequencing

MicroRNA profiling is a powerful approach for identifying key regulators of molecular functions which control skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. Information on gene expression and the regulatory factors involved in myogenesis is very limited for Indian sheep. This study reports the identification and characterization of miRNAs from the skeletal muscles of Bandur sheep breed for the first time. Bandur is a consumer favoured, mutton type sheep of India, mainly distributed in Mandya district of Karnataka. Skeletal muscles from four animals of Bandur sheep of similar age, sex and reared under same management conditions were used for RNA sequencing. The total number of reads (15–36 bp) for each library of Bandur sheep ranged from 19,350,000 to 30,000,000. Highly expressed transcripts with an RPKM value of ≥1000 were observed to be 34%, whereas 38% transcripts exhibited RPKM between 100–1000 and 28% had RPKM <100 in Bandur sheep. A total of 110 known mature miRNAs could be identified on comparison with known human and bovine sequences. All the identified miRNAs represented 32 miRNA families and 44 clusters. A total of 499 novel miRNAs were discovered in Bandur sheep. The miRNAs identified in our study were enriched for functions namely cell proliferation, cell differentiation, osteogenesis, lipid metabolism, muscle development, adipocyte differentiation and stress response. Potential gene targets for the identified miRNAs were predicted. Most relevant target genes predicted in our study included MYO5A, SIN3B and NR2F2 which are mainly involved in myogenesis. This study provides information of miRNAs in the skeletal muscle tissue of Bandur sheep.
Scratching properties of nickel-iron thin film and silicon using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is well known for its ability for nanopatterning many different materials. The patterning technique using an AFM tip as a scratch tool, known as scratch nanolithography, is used to study the scratch characteristics of 80% Permalloy thin film and silicon, with the emphasis on establishing their scratchability or the nanoscale machinability. The effects of the scratch parameters, including the applied tip force, scratch speed, and number of scratches, on the size of the scratched geometry were specifically evaluated. The primary factors that measure the scratchability were then identified and the governing material properties for scratchability were evaluated. To demonstrate its versatility, the scratching technique was applied to fabricate a NiFe-based nanoconstriction, which is used for many ferromagnetic devices. All results indicated that NiFe thin film has much better scratchability than that of Si and the scratched groove geometry can be accurately correlated with and pre.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design

Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Preview. Classical of a Single Nucleus to a Magnetic Field. Rotating Reference Frames and Resonance. Magnetization, Relaxation and the Bloch Equation. The Quantum Mechanical Basis of Precession and Excitation. The Quantum Mechanical Basis of Thermal Equilibrium and Longitudinal Relaxation. Signal Detection Concepts. Introductory Signal Acquisition Methods: Free Induction Decay, Spin Echoes, Inversion Recovery and Spectroscopy. One-Dimensional Fourier Imaging, k-Space and Gradient Echoes. Multi-Dimensional Fourier Imaging and Slice Excitation. The Continuous and Discrete Fourier Transforms. Sampling and Aliasing in Image Reconstruction. Filtering and Resolution in Fourier Transform Image Reconstruction. Projection Reconstruction of Images. Signal, Contrast and Noise. A Closer Look at Radiofrequency Pulses. Water/Fat Separation Techniques. Fast Imaging in the Steady State. Segmented k-Space and Echo Planar Imaging. Magnetic Field Inhomogeneity Effects and T-2 Dephasing. Random Walks, Relaxation and Diffusion. Spin Density, T-1 and T-2 Quantification Methods in MR Imaging. Motion Artifacts and Flow Compensation. MR Angiography and Flow Quantification. Magnetic Properties of Tissues: Theory and Measurement. Sequence Design, Artifacts and Nomenclature. Introduction to MRI Coils and Magnets. Appendices. Index.
regularization: theory and accelerated algorithm

Non-convex regularization has been recognized as an especially important approach in recent studies to promote sparsity. In this paper, we study the non-convex piecewise quadratic approximation (PQA) regularization for sparse solutions of the linear inverse problem. It is shown that exact recovery of sparse signals and stable recovery of compressible signals are possible through local optimum of this regularization. After developing a thresholding representation theory for PQA regularization, we propose an iterative PQA thresholding algorithm (PQA algorithm) to solve this problem. The PQA algorithm converges to a local minimizer of the regularization, with an eventually linear convergence rate. Furthermore, we adopt the idea of accelerated gradient method to design the accelerated iterative PQA thresholding algorithm (APQA algorithm), which is also linearly convergent, but with a faster convergence rate. Finally, we carry out a series of numerical experiments to assess the performance of both algorithms for PQA regularization. The results show that PQA regularization outperforms 1 and 1/2 regularizations in terms of accuracy and sparsity, while the APQA algorithm is demonstrated to be significantly better than the PQA algorithm.
Technical Study of Automated High-Throughput High-Sensitive Ceruloplasmin Assay on Dried Blood Spots—Reinstate the Potential Use for Newborn Screening of Wilson Disease

In this study, we modified a fully automatic immunoassay on ceruloplasmin concentration on dried blood spots (DBS) to increase its analytical sensitivity in order to accurately differentiate newborns from true Wilson disease (WD) patients. Modifications to the assay parameters of the Roche/Hitachi Cobas c systems immunoturbidimetric assay are adjusted to lower the limit of quantitation to 0.60 mg/L from 30 mg/L. This enables sensitive measurement of ceruloplasmin in eluent after DBS extraction. In addition, reference intervals and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for diagnostic cut-off were established using DBS of neonates and WD adult patients. After DBS whole blood calibration, the 95th percentile of the reference interval for newborns was 86–229 mg/L. The cut-off value of 54 mg/L was found to be the most optimal point for differentiating true adult WD from newborn controls. This test shows a high area under curve of 1.000 with 100% sensitivity and specificity in differentiating normal newborns from WD adult samples. However, the results should be further validated with true newborn WD patient samples together with the consideration of other factors that can also lead to low ceruloplasmin levels. This test shows application potential in newborn screening for WD, which can save lives through early identification and timely treatment.
Brown Seaweed (Padina australis) Extract can Promote Performance, Innate Immune Responses, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Gene Expression and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Simple Summary Fish farming is threatened by various stressors involved in impairing fish health and productivity. Hence, environmentally friendly feed additives such as seaweeds or their extracts could be an effective alternative to antibiotic therapy. Padina australis is a brown seaweed spread on the coasts of Iran and characterized by its abundant supply of several bioactive molecules and acids. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate its functional roles in the rate of growth, immune responses, and disease tolerance of common carp towards Aeromonas hydrophila infection. It could be concluded that dietary P. australis at levels of 100 up to 400 mg/kg diet could promote the growth and general health status of common carp. Abstract Eight-week oral administration of Padina australis ethyl acetate extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diets was assessed on the growth performance, tight junction proteins, intestinal immunity, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 300 healthy common carp weighing around 14.8 ± 0.03 g were randomly assigned into four equal groups within 12 glass aquariums, each in three replicates (25 fish/tank), for the feeding trial experiment. The first group served as the control group and was fed an un-supplemented diet, whilst the other three groups were offered diets containing graded amounts of Padina australis ethyl acetate extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The growth indices, including final weight, length, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, were meaningfully improved in fish fed with the algae at 200 and 400 mg/kg compared to the control fish (p < 0.05). Similarly, digestive enzyme activities and serum immune parameters were significantly higher in all treatments, especially 200 and 400 mg/kg fed groups, compared to the control (p < 0.05). In parallel, significant upregulation of genes related to integrity and the immune system was shown in the intestine of these treatment groups compared to control fish (p < 0.05). When fish were challenged with A. hydrophila, the cumulative survival percentages were 53.3% (p = 0.215), 70.0 % (p = 0.009), and 76.7% (p = 0.002) in fish fed 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diets, respectively, compared to 36.7% survival in control fish (p = 0.134). These data show that the eight-week dietary administration of P. australis extract to common carp can enhance growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and disease resistance to A. hydrophila infection.
Scattering from random rough surfaces: a beam simulation method

The numerical method presented tries to solve in elegant way the problem of scattering from a random rough surface illuminated by a large incident beam. The beam simulation enables one to give a rigorous solution of this difficult problem as soon as the problem of scattering by such a surface illuminated by a narrow beam is solved rigorously. A numerical example for perfectly conducting two-dimensional random rough surface.
Statistical Physics: Fundamentals and Application to Condensed Matter: With Lectures, Problems and Solutions

Fundamentals of Statistical Physics: Basic Concepts and Tools in Statistical Physics Isolated Systems: Micro-Canonical Description Systems at a Constant Temperature: Canonical Description Open Systems at Constant Temperature: Grand-Canonical Description Free Fermi Gas Free Boson Gas Systems of Interacting Particles: Method of Second Quantization Application to Condensed Matter: Symmetry in Crystalline Solids Interacting Atoms in Crystals: Phonons Systems of Interacting Electrons - Fermi Liquids Electrons in Crystalline Solids: Energy Bands Systems of Interacting Spins: Magnons Systems of Interacting Spins: Phase Transitions Superconductivity Transport in Metals and Semiconductors Solutions of Problems: Solutions of Problems of Part 1 Solutions of Problems of Part 2 Appendices: Appendix A: Mathematical Complements and Table of Constants Appendix B: Sommerfeld's Expansion at Low Temperatures Appendix C: Origin of the Heisenberg Model Appendix D: Hubbard Model: Superexchange Appendix E: Kosterlitz-Thouless Phase Transition Appendix F: Low- and High-Temperature Expansions of the Ising Model
Top resonances of a black hole

The wave equation ofofφ = 0 is studied in the exterior of a Schwarzschild black hole, r > 2M. By assuming stationary-spherically symmetric solutions ψ= e iω t r -1 φ(r) Y l (Ω), the wave equation reduces to the Schrodinger equation (- ∂ r* 2 +V(r,l))φ= ω 2 φ, where r* = r + 2M ln(r/2M - 1). The potential V has a single maximum near r = 3M for each l]N, so a family of top resonances is expected to exist. It is demonstrated that there are spectral resonances z l k ∼ V max l - il(2k+1) 27 M 2 , where kεN0 is a parameter of the harmonic oscillator, and where V max l ≡V( r max l ,l)∼ l(l+1) 27 M 2 + 2 81 M 2 . The resonant states orbit near the radius rlmax ∼ 3M(1-(3l)-2) for large l > 0. A modification of the standard complex scaling technique is required for the analysis.
The Impact of Popular Science Articles by Physicians on Their Performance on Online Medical Platforms

The public demand for popular science knowledge regarding health is increasing, and physicians’ popular science practices on online medical platforms are becoming frequent. Few studies have been conducted to address the relationship between specific characteristics of popular science articles by physicians and their performance. This study explored the impact of the characteristics of popular science articles on physicians’ performance based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) from the central path (topic focus and readability) and the peripheral path (form diversity). Data on four diseases, namely, lung cancer, brain hemorrhage, hypertension, and depression, were collected from an online medical platform, resulting in relevant personal data from 1295 doctors and their published popular science articles. Subsequently, the independent variables were quantified using thematic analysis and formula calculation, and the research model and hypotheses proposed in this paper were verified through empirical analysis. The results revealed that the topic focus, readability, and form diversity of popular science articles by physicians had a significant positive effect on physicians’ performance. This study enriches the research perspective on the factors influencing physicians’ performance, which has guiding implications for both physicians and platforms, thereby providing a basis for patients to choose physicians and enabling patients to receive popular science knowledge regarding health in an effective manner.
A novel closed-loop BCI system based on comparison of multiple methods

With the progressive advancement of neuroscience and engineering research, brain computer interface (BCI) has a strong theoretical foundation and a large development area. On this foundation, various implementation techniques were developed to improve classification precision, equipment stability, and other critical performance metrics. As a result, this work focuses on the power supply, electroneurographic signal capture, feature matching algorithm, and compound feedback modality of a BCI device. Among the many distance modes, an ultrasonic wave with a changing frequency-depth curve best matches the tissue environment. Signal acquisition patterns are a trade-off in complex application scenarios, the method invasiveness is usually along with the signal clearness, if high accuracy control and science researches are emphasized, intracerebral stimulation (ECoG, MEA) is undoubtedly superior to extracranial signal extraction (EEG). While spike neural netwrk (SNN), a form of bio-inspired algorithm, has demonstrated good feature mapping capabilities, it can be very effective for original signal processing. In order to improve the system's performance, a feedback mechanism is incorporated into the closed-loop system, moreover, compared to sole modality feedback, compound feedback revealed superior performance. So, a proposed combination of these methods should bring much improved portability and precision, which might have promising impact on patients with disabilities.
Shear Flows of Granular Materials

Many of the macroscopic and microscopic features of shearing granular materials were observed during the course of this investigation. The principal results were obtained from a computer simulation of the flows in an inclined chute, and in a Couette shear cell. The simulation followed the exact trajectories of two-dimensional discs through a control volume. Properties of the flow were obtained from temporal averages of the instantaneous particle properties. Macroscopic flow characteristics such as velocity and density profiles are presented. Because the simulation follows the exact mechanics of the particles it was also possible to investigate the statistical nature of granular flows. Towards this purpose velocity distributions, collision angle distributions and pair correlation functions were measured. The results of the simulation draw a picture of a flowing granular material as a self-excited gas. There appears to be a "temperature" associated with the random motions of the particles, that is a product of gradients in the mean velocity field. An equation of state is proposed, involving this temperature, to describe the behavior of the density within the flow. A phenomenon reminscent of conduction is observed. The particle velocities appear to obey a Maxwellian distribution based on this temperature. Preliminary experiments were also performed to investigate the flow of glass beads down inclined chutes. It is shown that the flows may be classified as either supercritical or subcritical depending on the local value of the Froude number, and that the classification had a strong influence on the flow properties. In addition, wall friction coefficients were determined.
Effects of the Ir Impurity on the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Ba4Ru3O10

We report the effects of Ir impurity on the physical properties of Ba4Ru3−xIrxO10 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) which is composed of three face-shared RuO6 octahedra (Ru trimer). We discuss the origin of the unique electronic phase transition from paramagnetic metal to antiferromagnetic insulator at 105 K in terms of hybridized orbitals of Ru 4d in the Ru trimer. From the magnetic susceptibility and the specific heat, the transition temperature is found to decrease more remarkably than is expected in typical diluted magnets and is hardly discernible at around x = 0.5, while the magnetic interaction only decreases slightly with x. This implies that the transition is not driven by magnetic interaction. In contrast, the hump due to the phase transition still remains in the Seebeck coefficient for x = 0.5, which means that the charge gap still remains as a short-range order. Since the charge gap originates from the 4d hybridization in the Ru trimer, intra-trimer charge transfer is likely to dominate the transition.
Novel Simulation and Analysis of Mie-Scattering Lidar for Detecting Atmospheric Turbulence Based on Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence Power Spectrum Model

The Mie-scattering lidar can detect atmospheric turbulence intensity by using the return signals of Gaussian beams at different heights. The power spectrum method and Zernike polynomial method are used to simulate the non-Kolmogorov turbulent phase plate, respectively, and the power spectrum method with faster running speed is selected for the subsequent simulation. In order to verify the possibility of detecting atmospheric turbulence by the Mie-scattering lidar, some numerical simulations are carried out. The power spectrum method is used to simulate the propagation of the Gaussian beam from the Mie-scattering lidar in a vertical path. The propagation characteristics of the Gaussian beam using a non-Kolmogorov turbulence model are obtained by analyzing the intensity distribution and spot drift effect. The simulation results show that the scintillation index of simulation is consistent with the theoretical value trend, and the accuracy is very high, indicating that the method of atmospheric turbulence detection using Mie-scattering lidar is effective. The simulation plays a guiding role for the subsequent experimental platform construction and equipment design.
4. Algebraic Representations of Beliefs and Attitudes: Partial Order Models for Item Responses

A partial order of discrete beliefs based on a generalization of item order in Guttman scaling generates a nonunidimensional collection of latent belief states that can be represented by a distributive lattice. By incorporating misclassification errors under local independence assumptions, the lattice structure is transformed into a latent class model for observed response states. We apply this model to survey responses dealing with government welfare programs and suggest that our approach can retrieve information where unidimensional and multidimensional models do not fit. The concluding section discusses directions for future work.
TG/HDL Ratio Is an Independent Predictor for Estimating Resting Energy Expenditure in Adults with Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obesity

Factors that determine resting energy expenditure (REE) remain under investigation, particularly in persons with a high body mass index (BMI). The accurate estimation of energy expenditure is essential for conducting comprehensive nutrition assessments, planning menus and meals, prescribing weight and chronic disease interventions, and the prevention of malnutrition. This study aimed to: (a) determine the contribution of cardiometabolic biomarkers to the inter-individual variation in REE in persons categorized by BMI; and (b) assess the contribution of these biomarkers in the prediction of REE when persons of varying BMI status were categorized by their glycemic and metabolic syndrome status. Baseline data from 645 adults enrolled in diet intervention trials included REE measured by indirect calorimetry, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometrics, and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Multivariate linear regression modeling was conducted to determine the most parsimonious model that significantly predicted REE by BMI category, metabolic syndrome status, and glycemic status. Modeling with the traditional predictors (age, sex, height, weight) accounted for 58–63% of the inter-individual variance in REE. When including age, sex, height, weight and fat-free mass as covariates, adding TG/HDL to regression modeling accounted for 71–87% of the variance in REE. The finding that TG/HDL is an independent predictor in estimating REE was further confirmed when participants were categorized by metabolic syndrome status and by glycemic status. The clinical utility of calculating the TG/HDL ratio not only aids health care providers in identifying patients with impaired lipid metabolism but can optimize the estimation of REE to better meet therapeutic goals for weight and disease management.