Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae) from China based on morphological and molecular data

Six new species of Zaischnopsis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) from China are described, Zaischnopsis covid Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis fuscolivida Tang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis lii Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis pacis Jiang & Peng sp. nov., Zaischnopsis campaniformis Tang & Peng sp. nov., and Zaischnopsis zhongi Jiang & Peng sp. nov. All the new species are described and illustrated based on females, and partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences are provided for the six new species as well as for the previously described Z. fumosa Peng & Xiang. Females of all the species of Zaischnopsis recorded from China are differentiated in a key.
The Applications of Ferulic-Acid-Loaded Fibrous Films for Fruit Preservation

The aim of this study was to develop a novel ultrathin fibrous membrane with a core–sheath structure as an antioxidant food packaging membrane. The core–sheath structure was prepared by coaxial electrospinning, and the release of active substances was regulated by its special structure. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into the electrospun zein/polyethylene oxide ultrathin fibers to ensure their synergistic antioxidant properties. We found that the prepared ultrathin fibers had a good morphology and smooth surface. The internal structure of the fibers was stable, and the three materials that we used were compatible. For the different loading positions, it was observed that the core layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a sustained action, while the sheath layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a pre-burst action. Finally, apples were selected for packaging using fibrous membranes to simulate practical applications. The fibrous membrane was effective in reducing water loss and apple quality loss, as well as extending the shelf life. According to these experiments, the FA-loaded zein/PEO coaxial electrospinning fiber can be used as antioxidant food packaging and will also undergo more improvements in the future.
Entanglement properties of the Haldane phases: A finite system-size approach

We study the bond-alternating Heisenberg model using the finite-size density-matrix renormalization-group (DMRG) technique and analytical arguments based on the matrix product state, where we pay particular attention to the boundary-condition dependence on the entanglement spectrum of the system. We show that, in the antiperiodic boundary condition (APBC), the parity quantum numbers are equivalent to the topological invariants characterizing the topological phases protected by the bond-centered inversion and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ rotation about the $z$ axis. We also show that the odd parity in the APBC, which characterizes topologically nontrivial phases, can be extracted as a twofold degeneracy in the entanglement spectrum even with finite system size. We then determine the phase diagram of the model with the uniaxial single-ion anisotropy using the level spectroscopy method in the DMRG technique. These results not only suggest the detectability of the symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases via general twisted boundary conditions but also provide a useful and precise numerical tool for discussing the SPT phases in the exact diagonalization and DMRG techniques.
Dissociation of H2+ in intense femtosecond laser fields studied by coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging

The dissociation of H{sub 2}{sup +} in an intense laser field has been experimentally studied using femtosecond laser pulses at 790 nm in the intensity range of 10{sup 13}-10{sup 15} W/cm{sup 2}. Kinematically complete measurements of both the ionic H{sup +} and neutral H fragments dissociated from a vibrationally excited H{sub 2}{sup +} beam have been achieved by a coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging system. Angular-resolved kinetic energy release spectra for a series of different intensity ranges have been obtained using the intensity-difference spectrum method, thus disentangling the problem caused by the intensity volume effect. Our results indicate that the dissociation dynamics are drastically different for 'long' (135 fs) and 'short' (45 fs) laser pulses at similar high laser intensities. Specifically, bond softening is found to be the main feature in long pulses, while above threshold dissociation is dominant in short pulses whose durations are comparable with the vibrational period of the molecule. Bond softening in short pulses appears at low kinetic energy release with a narrow angular distribution. The experimental results are well interpreted by solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation in the Born-Oppenheimer representation without nuclear rotation.
Derivation of the photon mass-energy threshold

An analytical representation of the mass-energy threshold of a Photon is derived utilising finite reciprocal harmonics. The derived value is "<5.75 x 10-17 (eV)" and is within 4.3(%) of the Eidelman et. al. value endorsed by the Particle Data Group (PDG) "< 6 x 10-17 (eV)". The PDG value is an adjustment of theoretical predictions to fit physical observation. The derivation presented herein is without adjustment and may represent physical evidence of the existence of Euler's Constant in nature at the quantum level.
A STUDY ON THE METHODS OF ESTIMATING THE STATE OF CHARGE (SOC) OF BATTERY

Batteries are a popular and important item that are utilized as energy sources in a variety of applications. The rise of electric vehicles in the twenty-first century has increased its importance. A battery's state of charge (SoC) is critical information. It is vital to estimate SoC with a reasonable degree of precision. During charge and discharge cycles, lithium-ion batteries change their internal state. The level of charge of a lithium-ion battery changes throughout the charging cycle and is dependent on the internal structure of the components, which can degrade over time. Battery management systems that depend on charge counting and cell voltage monitoring frequently estimate the status of charge. It's difficult to tell what state the battery components are in physically. This work will focus on different methods of estimating SoC. Basically, this study will cover terminal Voltage method, Open Circuit Voltage Method, Coulomb Counting Method and a dynamic method based on Unscented Kalman Filter (EKF). The study will be based on simulation on MATLAB and it will also cover a practical experiment by charging and discharging a battery multiple time. A comparative study of the advantages and drawbacks of the existing methods will be discussed in this work.
A Further Search for Galactic Stars with Double Radio Lobes

Over a thousand stars in our Galaxy have been detected as radio emitters, but no normal stars are known to possess radio-emitting lobes similar to radio galaxies. Several recent attempts by us and other authors to find such objects remained inconclusive. Here we present a further search for double-lobed radio stars in two large samples of spectroscopic stars: over 20,000 white dwarves from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR12, and 2.5 million stars from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST). These were cross-matched with sources from the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty Centimeters (FIRST) survey at 1.4 GHz to look for source pairs straddling the stars with moderate symmetry about the stars. We found only four promising candidates for double-lobed radio stars, confirming they must be extremely rare. By comparison with SDSS, we inferred that about 16 per cent of LAMOST spectra may have erroneous classifications. We also rediscovered the giant radio galaxy J0927+3510 and propose a different, more distant host, suggesting a much larger radio size of 2.7 Mpc.
Non‐invasive breast tumor detection with antipodal Vivaldi antenna using monostatic approach

This work presents a flat‐gain antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) for ultra‐wideband (UWB) microwave imaging applications. The proposed antenna demonstrates measured and simulated impedance bandwidth from 2.3 GHz to 20 GHz with a flat gain over the band, with minimum gain variation of 2.9 dBi. The antenna is tested initially for its practical utility by measuring its specific absorption rate (SAR) value. The SAR value is observed in the simulator by modeling a realistic homogeneous as well as a heterogeneous breast phantom. The SAR value obtained complies with both American and European standards when averaged over 1 g as well as 10 g of tissue. The designed antenna is further utilized to detect multiple tumors in a realistic homogeneous and heterogeneous breast phantoms developed in the laboratory environment. The widely popular delay and sum (DAS) algorithm is utilized to reconstruct the tumor images. The imaging is done outside the anechoic chamber with an in‐house monostatic microwave imaging setup just to make it more convincing with real‐world dynamic scenario. The homogeneous phantom with four embedded tumors each of radius 4 mm and the heterogeneous phantom with two tumors, one of radius 3.5 mm and another of radius 5 mm are imaged in this work. The imaging results demonstrate that tumors of different sizes can be detected accurately in the case of both homogeneous and heterogeneous breast phantoms. AVA with an oil paper layer for bandwidth enhancement as well for achieving flat‐gain response is first of its kind to be reported in this work Also, the proposed work utilizes different phantoms for imaging several tumors of differing sizes, which has not before been described.
Early-Phase Spectra of “Hypernova” SN 2002ap

The spectral evolution of the peculiar Type Ic supernova (SN) 2002ap during the first 40 days is presented. The spectra display very broad absorption features, which are typical of "hypernovae. " The maximum expansion velocity measured on the earliest spectra exceeds 3 × 104 km s-1. The spectrum of SN 2002ap at the epoch of maximum brightness resembles that of SN 1997ef more than that of SN 1998bw. The spectral evolution of SN 2002ap proceeds at about 1.5 times the rate of SN 1997ef. The parameterized supernova spectrum synthesis code SYNOW was used to perform line identification and deduce velocity information from the early-phase spectra, which are heavily affected by line blending. The photospheric velocity, as deduced from the fitting results and from the blueshift of the Si II λ6355 absorption minimum, is lower than in previously studied hypernovae. At advanced epochs, the Si II λ6355 absorption minimum becomes difficult to distinguish. This may be caused by the growth of [O I] λλ6300, 6364 emission. Together with the rapid spectral evolution, this suggests that SN 2002ap should enter the nebular phase sooner than previously studied hypernovae.
Multi-path Summation for Decoding 2D Topological Codes

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a decoder which can adapt to the wide variety of error models present in experiments. The typical approach to the problem of decoding the surface code is to reduce it to minimum-weight perfect matching in a way that provides a suboptimal threshold error rate, and is specialized to correct a specific error model. Recently, optimal threshold error rates for a variety of error models have been obtained by methods which do not use minimum-weight perfect matching, showing that such thresholds can be achieved in polynomial time. It is an open question whether these results can also be achieved by minimum-weight perfect matching. In this work, we use belief propagation and a novel algorithm for producing edge weights to increase the utility of minimum-weight perfect matching for decoding surface codes. This allows us to correct depolarizing errors using the rotated surface code, obtaining a threshold of 17.76±0.02%. This is larger than the threshold achieved by previous matching-based decoders (14.88±0.02%), though still below the known upper bound of ∼18.9%.
Wildlife Hunting Rights of the Aborigines in Peninsular Malaysia: A Dilemma Protecting Humans or Animals?

In Malaysia, the native customary rights of the indigenous people, known as the 'Orang Asli', are rather broad, including fishing, hunting, and foraging that flow from site-specific occupation and livelihood. However, in the modern era, despite the protection of the old pre-independence legislation, the Aboriginal Peoples Act of 1954, the aborigines' exercise of such rights appears to be problematic as the more recent legislations, such as the Wildlife Conservation Act 2010, invoke several restrictions on fishing or hunting in the forest areas occupied by the aborigines. Additionally, most local literature mainly focuses on the aborigines' land rights; consequently, hunting rights have remained under-researched. Given the dearth of academic research on this right, this paper examines how the 2010 Act infringes on the aborigines' hunting rights and, broadly, their traditional way of life. This paper adopts a qualitative research methodology, employing a doctrinal content analysis that would provide a subterranean understanding of the tension between the legal protection of wildlife and the aborigines' rights in Malaysia. The findings revealed that the native rights and social interests of the aborigines are mainly ignored, overlooked and appear to be superseded by the interests of wildlife animals.
Compact Broadband Linearly Polarized Quincunx Metasurface Antennas Using Embedded Fractal Design

A quincunx metasurface (MTS) structure is presented and exploited to design compact broadband metasurface antennas (MTAs). The MTS patch unit is constructed by connecting five same-size quincunx-arrangement squares with strip lines. Since it is a fractal structure and structurally embedded with other units, the gap between adjacent units is prolonged, increasing the edge capacitance. Meanwhile, the surface current is adjusted to flow along the diagonal of quincunx patches, producing a large strip inductance. Hence, the resonance responding to the MTS radiator can be shifted to the low frequencies, while a compact radiating aperture can be obtained accordingly. With the help of characteristic mode analysis (CMA), the quincunx MTS array is modified for further miniaturization. Jerusalem cross aperture and four rectangle apertures are etched on the ground plane, generating aperture modes. Subsequently, the modified quincunx MTS is coupled to a U-shaped feeding network through apertures, forming a horizontally polarized MTA and realizing an operating bandwidth of 37.92% and a peak gain of 7.36 dBi with a compact radiating aperture of $0.34\lambda _{0} \times 0.34\lambda _{0}$ . Ultimately, a 45° linearly polarized quincunx MTA using a double U-shaped feeding network is also proposed, obtaining a broader operating bandwidth of 44.60% and 6.43 dBi peak gain with $0.34\lambda _{0} \times 0.34\lambda _{0}$ radiating aperture.
School Sector and Academic Achievement: A Multilevel Analysis of NAEP Mathematics Data

Using data from the 2003 National Assessment of Educational Progress, this analysis compared mathematics achievement in public, charter, and major types of private schools to examine whether disparities in achievement are due to differences in school performance or student demographics in various sectors. Hierarchical linear models were used to control for student- and school-level demographic characteristics. The analysis indicated that the relatively high raw scores of private schools were more than accounted for by student demographics. In fact, after demographic differences had been controlled, the private school advantage disappeared and even reversed in most cases. These findings raise questions about the basis of reform models that seek remedies in parental choice, autonomy, competition, and other attributes associated with the private school sector.
A small source in Q2237+0305?

Microlensing in Q2237+0305 between 1985 and 1995 has been interpreted in two different ways. First, the observed variations can be explained through microlensing by stellar mass objects of a continuum source with dimensions significantly smaller than the microlens Einstein Radius (η0), but consistent with that expected for thermal accretion discs. However, other studies have shown that models having sources as large as 5η0 can reproduce the observed variation. In this paper we present evidence in favour of a small source. Our approach uses the distribution of microlensed light-curve derivatives to place statistical limits (as a function of source size) on the number of microlens Einstein radii crossed by the source during the monitoring period. In contrast with previous analyses, our results are therefore not dependent on an assumed time-scale. Limits on the source size are obtained from two separate light-curve features. First, recently published monitoring data show large variations (∼0.8–1.5 mag) between image brightnesses over a period of ∼700 d or ∼15 per cent of the monitoring period. Secondly, the 1988 peak in the image A light curve had a duration that is a small fraction (≲0.02) of the monitoring period. Such rapid microlensing rises and short microlensing peaks only occur for small sources. We find that the observed large, rapid variation limits the source size to be <0. 2η0 (95 per cent confidence). The width of the light-curve peak provides a stronger constraint of <0.025η0 (99 per cent confidence). The Einstein radius (projected into the source plane) of the average microlens mass 〈m〉 in Q2237+0305 is The interpretation that stars are responsible for microlensing in Q2237+0305 therefore results in limits on the continuum source size that are consistent with current accretion disc theory.
Design of a novel 5G MIMO antenna with its DGP optimisation using PSOGSA

ABSTRACT In this manuscript, the design of a high isolation Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Hybrid Fractal Antenna (HFA) has been presented for 5 G and other wireless standards in a wider operational frequency range from 1 to 30 GHz. The fractional ground plane is used for the assembly of the antenna in the initial phase, further, the T-stub has been exploited on the ground plane to expand the isolation between the radiating elements. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are optimised using the Particle Swarm Optimisation Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSOGSA). The performance parameters of the projected antenna have been measured and analysed. The obtained experimental results are highly correlated with simulated ones. Performance diversity parameters of designed antenna like CCL, DG, ECC, TARC, and MEG fall within working limits in the frequency range of interest. The developed antenna retains high isolation between −30 to−50 dB in the desired frequency range. The proposed model of an antenna can be useful for 5 G 3.5 GHz band, 5 G NR (New Radio) frequency bands (3.3–5.0 GHz), LTE band 46 (5.15–5.925 GHz), European Union 5 G frequency band (5.9–6.4 GHz), 5 G 26 GHz frequency band and other wireless standards in the frequency range from 1 to 30 GHz.
Seiberg-Witten Solution from Matrix Theory

As another evidence for the matrix Discrete Light Cone formulation of M theory, we show how general integrable Hamiltonian systems emerge from BPS bound states of k longitudinal ﬁvebranes. Such conﬁgurations preserve eight supercharges and by chain of dualities can be related to the solution of N = 2 four-dimensional gauge theories. Underlying Hitchin systems on the bare spectral curve with k singular points arise from the Matrix theory compactiﬁcation on the dual curve.
Synthetic Image Assisted Deep Learning Framework for Detecting Defects During Composite Sheet Layup

Automation of high-performance manufacturing processes such as prepreg composite layup has been gaining a lot of interest lately. Reliable and accurate defect detection methods play a crucial role in the automation of such processes to maintain the desired quality. The composite prepreg layup process involves manipulation of sheet-like material. Traditional machine vision-based defect detection techniques are inept in detecting defects for such complex processes due to the nature of the defects. Advanced defect detection techniques enabled by deep learning are the key for such applications. However, Deep learning usually requires an enormous amount of physical images of the process which is infeasible in high-mix manufacturing applications. In this paper, we resolve the data generation problem for deep learning by presenting an approach where with a combination of finite element-based simulation and advanced graphics techniques we generate a dataset of photorealistic images of the defects. Approximately, 10000 synthetic images are generated and combined with around 1000 images of real sheets to train a ResNeSt-based deep learning model. We have also devised an efficient 2-stage methodology for training the deep learning network to detect wrinkle-like defects. With the trained model and data augmentation techniques, our method can achieve a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.98 on actual production data for detecting defects. The code and the entire dataset are available at: https://github.com/RROS-Lab/DeepSynthDefectDetector.
Optical forces and torques exerted on coupled silica nanospheres: novel contributions due to multiple scattering

When illuminated by light, optically coupled nanoparticles suffer the action of multiple electromagnetic forces. In general, two kinds of forces are assumed: binding forces that make the particles attract/repel each other and scattering forces that push the system forwards. Tangential forces and orbital torques can also be induced to align the interacting particles with the electric field. In this work, new degrees of freedom were found for two coupled silica nanospheres under illumination with linearly-polarized plane waves. The results have a general validity for arbitrary mesoscale systems: multiple scattering of light induces unusual torques and deviation forces. These torques include spin contributions to the movement of the whole system. The results are supported by previous works and pave the way for the engineering of nanoscale devices and nanorotators. Any application based on photonics at mesoscales should take into account the new movements predicted here.
Variability in Proto-planetary Nebulae. V. Velocity and Light Curve Analysis of IRAS 17436+5003, 18095+2704, and 19475+3119

We have obtained contemporaneous light, color, and radial velocity data for three proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe) over the years 2007 to 2015. The light and velocity curves of each show similar periods of pulsation, with photometric periods of 42 and 50 days for IRAS 17436+5003, 102 days for IRAS 18095+2704, and 35 days for IRAS 19475+3119. The light and velocity curves are complex with multiple periods and small, variable amplitudes. Nevertheless, at least over limited time intervals, we were able to identify dominant periods in the light, color, and velocity curves and compare the phasing of each. The color curves appear to peak with or slightly after the light curves while the radial velocity curves peak about a quarter of a cycle before the light curves. Similar results were found previously for two other PPNe, although for them the light and color appeared to be in phase. Thus, it appears that PPNe are brightest when smallest and hottest. These phase results differ from those found for classical Cepheid variables, where the light and velocity differ by half a cycle, and are hottest at about average size and expanding. However, they do appear to have similar phasing to the larger-amplitude pulsations seen in RV Tauri variables. Presently, few pulsation models exist for PPNe, and these do not fit the observations well, especially the longer periods observed. Model fits to these new light and velocity curves would allow masses to be determined for these post-AGB objects, and thereby provide important constraints to post-AGB stellar evolution models of low- and intermediate-mass stars.