Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Antitrust Economics of Two-Sided Markets

"Two-sided" markets have two different groups of customers that businesses have to get on board to succeed - there is a "chicken-and-egg" problem that needs to be solved. These industries range from dating clubs (men and women), to video game consoles (game developers and users), to credit cards (cardholders and merchants), and to operating system software (application developers and users). They include some of the most important industries in the economy.Two-sided firms behave in ways that seem surprising from the vantage point of traditional industries, but in ways that seem like plain common sense once one understands the business problems they must solve. Prices do not and prices cannot follow marginal costs in each side of the market. Price levels, price structures, and investment strategies must optimize output by harvesting the indirect network effects available on both sides. By doing so, businesses in two-sided industries get both sides on board and solve the chicken-and-egg problem. There is no basis for asking regulators or antitrust enforcers to steer clear of these industries or to spend extra effort on them. The antitrust analysis of these industries, however should heed the economic principles that govern pricing and investment decisions in these industries.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF DISCIPLINE OF STUDY — ACCOUNTANCY, ENGINEERING, LAW AND MEDICINE

: This paper examines the factors which influence high calibre students in their choice of a professional discipline of study. Using a questionnaire approach students were requested to determine the relative importance of eleven factors in their choice of discipline of study. Results showed that accountancy students appeared most concerned with job satisfaction, earnings potential, availability of employment, aptitude for subject and years of formal education, and to have a different, and more distinctive, profile than that of other students. These results may have important implications for recruitment into the profession.
Trust and control – a symbiotic relationship?

Traditional approaches to management which incorporate top‐down systems of control do not readily accommodate the need, imposed by a changing business environment, for more flexible methods of harnessing the knowledge and commitment of employees. In this situation, trust has been recognized as an important factor for organizational success but any relaxation of control may be constrained by the demands of accountability to internal and external stakeholders. In this paper, we illustrate the complexity of the relationship between trust and control in the context of corporate governance by examining the internal audit technique of control self‐assessment. We argue that the dependence of control processes on trust has been insufficiently explored and that neglecting to consider the reciprocal nature of trust relationships from an employee perspective may hamper the effectiveness of control systems designed to enhance accountability.
Concepts of e-HRM consequences: a categorisation, review and suggestion

Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM) constitutes a commonly adopted management practice in the interim. This is obviously founded on the expectation of diverse positive consequences of e-HRM, such as reducing costs, speeding up processes, improving quality, and even gaining a more strategic role for HR within the organisation. Given the crucial importance of actual consequences for practice, research is asked to provide a general understanding of e-HRM consequences that supports practice in its decisions. This paper therefore addresses the question of how to adequately conceptualise e-HRM consequences. To do so, first a categorisation scheme is presented that allows a systematic categorisation of consequence concepts. Second, based on the categorisation the paper aims to identify the often implicit concepts in previous research. Third, a specific concept of consequences, as used information system potentials, is suggested and the implications for practice and research of e-HRM are discussed.
Does Time Constraint Lead to Poorer Audit Performance? Effects of Forewarning of Impending Time Constraints and Instructions

SUMMARY: We conduct an experiment to investigate the effects of early versus late warning of impending time constraints, as well as the presence of instructions to think out of the box on auditors' time-constrained performance. We find that forewarning auditors during audit planning of impending time constraints (i.e., early warning) leads to better time-constrained performance on an inventory task. The incremental benefit of warning is greater when auditors are explicitly instructed to think out of the box. We find that the mechanism by which the joint effects of forewarning and instructions improve auditors' performance is via their allocation of time to effective audit tests that enable them to meet the audit objectives.
Organisational Power and the Metaphor Commodity

Historically, a constant feature of UK business has been change: change brought about by the need to improve productivity resultant upon competition from other business enterprises. Technological development has increased productivity and extended the work carried out by machines rather than people. These changes have profoundly affected people’s lives. We can see this in many industries: for example, old industries, such as coal mining, shipbuilding and the textile industry. Each of these industries shows a pattern of change which is repeated in newer industries which originate in the late twentieth century.
Efficient Inference of Recent and Ancestral Recombination within Bacterial Populations

Prokaryotic evolution is affected by horizontal transfer of genetic material through recombination. Inference of an evolutionary tree of bacteria thus relies on accurate identification of the population genetic structure and recombination-derived mosaicism. Rapidly growing databases represent a challenge for computational methods to detect recombinations in bacterial genomes. We introduce a novel algorithm called fastGEAR which identifies lineages in diverse microbial alignments, and recombinations between them and from external origins. The algorithm detects both recent recombinations (affecting a few isolates) and ancestral recombinations between detected lineages (affecting entire lineages), thus providing insight into recombinations affecting deep branches of the phylogenetic tree. In sim-ulations, fastGEAR had comparable power to detect recent recombinations and outstanding power to detect the ancestral ones, compared to state-of-the-art methods, often with a fraction of computational cost. We demonstrate the utility of the method by analysing a collection of 616 whole-genomes of a recombinogenic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, for which the method provided a high-resolution view of recombination across the genome. We examined in detail the penicillin-binding genes across the Streptococcus genus, demonstrating previously undetected genetic exchanges between different species at these three loci. Hence, fastGEAR can be readily applied to investigate mosaicism in bacterial genes across multiple species. Finally, fastGEAR correctly identified many known recombination hotspots and pointed to potential new ones. Matlab code and Linux/Windows executables are available at https://users.ics. aalto.fi/~pemartti/fastGEAR/
How Specialised and Integrated Relationship Management Responsibilities Foster New Ventures' Network Development

Even though developing a new venture's network is recognised as a necessity for successfully developing a new venture, still little is known about how it may be effectively accomplished. Building on prior research, this paper develops and tests three hypotheses about how young ventures' network development may benefit from specialising and integrating relationship management responsibilities. Our results, based on a sample of 117 young ventures, provide strong support for our hypotheses. They show that new ventures' members that apply the basic means of organisation design to their management of external relations develop more new network relationships, dissolve more existing ones, and have larger networks in total.
SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION - THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

The sustainability challenges such as depletion of finite resources stem largely from an explosion in consumption. So far, most attention has been paid to socially efficient use of resources in production. However, the recent increase in demand for biomass and food followed by soaring food prices calls for reconsidering our approach and focusing on consumption too. This includes consuming less but mainly differently, and reducing and recycling wastes. Since food consumption is integrated with our life style it is important to understand socioeconomic and cultural contexts, the formal and informal institutions and government policy which form our food consumption behaviour. The paper refers to our ongoing research carried in the 7FP project PACITA on the technology assessment. We show main patterns and trends in food consumption and buying habits in the Czech Republic and initiatives promoting sustainable consumption in the country and in the selected EU member states. Possible reasons for so poor attention to sustainability of food consumption in the Czech Republic is discussed.
Sexual Functioning and the Effect of Fatigue in Traumatic Brain Injury

Objectives:The primary objective was to examine specific aspects of sexual functioning (frequency, desired frequency, importance, and satisfaction) and their relationship to fatigue in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with those without brain injury. The relationship of demographic variables, emotional well-being, and health-related quality of life to sexual functioning was also explored. Participants:200 community-dwelling adults with self-reported mild-to-severe TBI and 83 individuals without brain injury. Measures:Participation Objective, Participation Subjective, Fatigue Assessment Instrument, Global Fatigue Index, Beck Depression Inventory, and SF-36 Health Survey. Methods:Data were collected through administration of self-report measures and interviews as part of a larger study of post–TBI fatigue. Results:Several aspects of sexual activity (frequency, desired frequency, and importance) were closely related to specific features of fatigue among individuals with TBI. Women with TBI reported lower frequency and lower importance of sex than men. In individuals without brain injury, the impact of fatigue was limited to the frequency of sexual activity with no sex differences observed. Conclusions:Fatigue plays a different role in the subjective experience of sexual activity for men and women with TBI than for those without brain injuries. Fatigue and sex should be taken into account in future research and interventions focused on sexual function after TBI.
Identification of bla(CMY-7) and associated plasmid-mediated resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital in Australia.

OBJECTIVES To determine clonality and identify plasmid-mediated resistance genes in 11 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDREC) isolates associated with opportunistic infections in hospitalized dogs in Australia. METHODS Phenotypic (MIC determinations, modified double-disc diffusion and isoelectric focusing) and genotypic methods (PFGE, plasmid analysis, PCR, sequencing, Southern hybridization, bacterial conjugation and transformation) were used to characterize, investigate the genetic relatedness of, and identify selected plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes, in the canine MDREC. RESULTS Canine MDRECs were divided into two clonal groups (CG 1 and 2) with distinct restriction endonuclease digestion and plasmid profiles. All isolates possessed bla(CMY-7) on an approximately 93 kb plasmid. In CG 1 isolates, bla(TEM), catA1 and class 1 integron-associated dfrA17-aadA5 genes were located on an approximately 170 kb plasmid. In CG 2 isolates, a second approximately 93 kb plasmid contained bla(TEM) and unidentified class 1 integron genes, although a single CG 2 strain carried dfrA5. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of E. coli K12 transformed with CG 2 large plasmids confirmed that the bla(CMY-7)-carrying plasmid did not carry any other antimicrobial resistance genes, whereas the bla(TEM)/class 1 integron-carrying plasmid carried genes conferring resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin also. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the detection of plasmid-mediated bla(CMY-7) in animal isolates in Australia. MDREC isolated from extraintestinal infections in dogs may be an important reservoir of plasmid-mediated resistance genes.
On the optimal placement of multiple visual sensor based binary particle swarm optimization

Abstract Abstract The aim of this paper is to propose a novel method for solving the camera placement problem based on the Particle Swarm Optimization where the problem is to find the optimal position and orientation with minimum number of cameras in order to assure the coverage of the monitoring space. Firstly, we define the coverage problem by realistic and consistent assumptions taking into account the capabilities and limits of the cameras. Then, we adapted three versions of Binary Particle Swarm optimizations to solve the camera placement for coverage problem. Results of a number of simulation scenarios show the efficiency of the Binary Particle Swarm optimization as tool to solve the above mentioned problem. Surprisingly, the results of this paper show that, in a large scale dimension, the standard version of “BPSO” gives better results than the modified versions proposed in the literature.
Life Values and Perceived Occupational Stress among Cosmopolitan (Scientific) and Local (Administrative)-Oriented Scientists in R & D Organization

Researchers have shown great interest on studying the different career orientation (Cosmopolitan and Local) Pattern of professionals as they relate to different personal values and organizational conditions. Implicit in the notion that scientists having different career orientation tend to have a wide variations in their life-styles, personal values and interest and exhibit different types of research output. The present study examined the extent to which scientific-cosmopolitan oriented scientists differ from administrative-local oriented scientists with respect to personal life values and perceived occupational stress and to suggest avenues to build career based on their orientation. Data obtained from 329 scientists employed in the R & D division of the eight research and development organizations located in southern part of India were screened to obtain two criterion groups – (i) Cosmopolitan (Scientific) oriented scientists (N=48) and Local (Administrative) oriented scientists (N=45) by using a standardized scale. These two groups of scientists (cosmopolitan and local scientists) provided data on personal life values and perceived occupational stress. Comparison between these two criterion groups revealed that cosmopolitan scientists tend to have high levels of life values on achievement, creativity, independence, responsibility and scientific understanding and likely to have more scientific output than the local (administrative) oriented scientists. Similarly, cosmopolitan scientists tend to have lesser levels of role conflict, unreasonable group and political pressure, powerlessness and intrinsic impoverishment. The present findings have practical implications for nurturing their career orientation based on the life-values and perceived occupational stress levels in their work environment.
Economic Reforms and Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Domestic Prices in India

This paper examines the behaviour of exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices in India during the post-economic reforms initiated since the major devaluation of July 1991. It observes that there is no clear-cut evidence of a fall in exchange rate pass-through to domestic prices. Further, there is asymmetry in pass-through between appreciation and depreciation, and between sizes of the exchange rate change. Based on the empirical evidence provided in the literature, the paper conjectures that reductions in import tariffs, the removal of trade restrictions, the increased import penetration ratio and openness of the economy and the change in the composition of imports following the economic liberalisation could have transitorily negated the impact of lower inflation on pass-through. Part of the non-decline in long-run pass-through is due to a rise in inflation persistence. This could follow from the dismantling of price controls in an environment of periodic spurts in inflation around a non-declining inflationary trend, combined with a rise in the government deficit, which has a nexus with inflation in India.
Compact Multi-Band H-Shaped Slot Antenna

A compact triple-band H-shaped slot antenna fed by microstrip coupling is proposed. Four resonant modes are excited, including a monopole mode, a slot mode, and their higher-order modes, to cover GPS (1.575 GHz) and Wi-Fi (2.4-2.485 GHz and 5.15-5.85 GHz), respectively. Sensitivity study of the slot geometry upon the resonant modes have been conducted. The measured gains at these four resonant frequencies are 0.2 dBi, 3.5 dBi, 2.37 dBi, and 3.7 dBi, respectively, and the total efficiencies are -2.5 dB, -1.07 dB, -3.06 dB, and -2.7 dB, respectively. The size of this slot antenna is only 0.24λ0×0. 034λ0, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 1.575 GHz, hence is suitable to install on notebook PC's and handheld devices.
A Difficulty in the Concept of Educational Sustainability

A free and civil society’s sustainability, as well as the proper functioning of its social institutions, pivot on the quality of its system of education. A quality system of education provides reliable dissemination of knowledge, skill, and moral and intellectual virtue among a citizenry. Yet information priorities, patterns, and the rules generated by ‘maximal institutionalism’ threaten the conditions necessary for that sustainability. Our thesis is that, within a technical model of production, particular, heuristic and tacit information, that is, the kind of information bound up with the individual person and local community and culture, is divided from and comes to be displaced by standardized information. This information loss impairs production of the education good (i.e., quality education), thus diminishing the creation of human and social capital. If this is correct, the strategic institutional question that surfaces for a nation-state and its education system is what kinds of particular information need to be preserved or reintroduced into production in order to provide individuals (near) optimal conditions for their development and flourishing, conditions that provide to a community or to a nation-state strategic advantage in competition under conditions of scarcity. Solutions will look different over different time horizons and cultural contexts. Authors recommend to researchers, policy makers, and leaders the use of institutional analysis to arrive at meaningful strategic questions that might help lead to plausible solutions to information imbalances plaguing educational production. Authors illustrate with examples and discuss implications for the international audience.
An Application of a Group Signature Scheme with Backward Unlinkability to Biometric Identity Management

We introduce a new identity management process in a setting where users’ identities are credentials for anonymous authentications. Considering identity domains organized in a tree structure, where applying for a new identity requires to previously own the parent identity, we enable a cascade revocation process that takes into account this structure while ensuring anonymity for non-revoked users, in particular, towards the providers of other identity domains. Our construction is based on the group signature scheme of (Bringer and Patey, 2012).
The Global Financial Crisis and Public Finances in the New Eu Countries in Central and Eastern Europe: Developments and Challenges

This paper discusses the public finances of the 10 new EU countries from Central and Eastern Europe, with particular emphasis on the effects of the global financial crisis that started in 2008. The budget outcomes have differed markedly across the new EU countries, both before and during the crisis. The direct impact of the crisis on public finances was limited, but the severe downturns have strained public finances and increased debt ratios. Estimations of budget reaction functions reveal that the overall budget balance has, in general, been moderately counter-cyclical, but also that the counter-cyclicality derives entirely from the revenue side. The medium-term fiscal outlook rests, to a large extent, on the prospects for growth. The uncertainties regarding future economic growth and stability in financial markets suggest that several of the new EU countries need to tighten fiscal policies as a medium-term prudential measure.
Development and Comparison of User Acceptance of Advanced Comprehensive Triage PDA Support System with a Traditional Terminal Alternative System

An advanced PDA support system for the triage was designed to evaluate users inverted exclamation mark | acceptance of this system compared with a traditional terminal system. Davis inverted exclamation mark | Technology Acceptance Model was used to evaluate users inverted exclamation mark | acceptance. All 72 ER nurses in a 2700-bed medical center were invited for the study. The results showed that the PDA system was easier to operate than the terminal one, but had worse interface. The subjects showed significantly greater willingness to accept the terminal system instead of the PDA system. The comparative acceptance of PDA, compared with that of the old system, might still be marginally too low if its interface couldn inverted exclamation mark |t be improved or no other unique practical benefits could be verified.
Fear of Inability to Conceive in Pregnant Adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the demographic and health history differences between pregnant adolescents who had fears that they would not be able to conceive and those without these fears. METHODS: Three hundred pregnant adolescents presenting for their first prenatal visit participated in a cohort study that addressed attitudes about pregnancy. All participants were aged younger than 20 years and gave informed consent. The outcome of interest was a positive response to the question “Did you have any fears that you wouldn’t be able to get pregnant? ” Independent measures included health history and demographic variables. RESULTS: Among participants, 42% stated they had fears about not being able to conceive. The total sample included 20% 12–15 year olds, 39% 16–17 year olds and 41% 18–19 year-olds. There was no statistically significant difference in fear of not being able to conceive by maternal age, reported sexually transmitted disease rates, or age at first intercourse. More adolescents who expressed fear of infertility had a previous spontaneous abortion, previous pelvic examination, and were sexually active for a longer period of time compared with those without this fear. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of pregnant adolescents in this study expressed fear that they would not be able to conceive. Understanding the basis of the fear is critical to appreciating its association with current and future adolescent pregnancy and contraceptive use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III