Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The slow passage through a Hopf bifurcation: delay, memory effects, and resonance

This paper explores analytically and numerically, in the context of the FitzHugh–Nagumo model of nerve membrane excitability, an interesting phenomenon that has been described as a delay or memory effect. It can occur when a parameter passes slowly through a Hopf bifurcation point and the system's response changes from a slowly varying steady state to slowly varying oscillations. On quantitative observation it is found that the transition is realized when the parameter is considerably beyond the value predicted from a straightforward bifurcation analysis which neglects; the dynamic aspect of the parameter variation. This delay and its dependence on the speed of the parameter variation are described.The model involves several parameters and particular singular limits are investigated. One in particular is the slow passage through a low frequency Hopf bifurcation where the system's response changes from a slowly varying steady state to slowly varying relaxation oscillations. We find in this case the onset o.
Transition edge sensor-based detector: from X-ray to c -ray

A transition edge sensor (TES) is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature, and combined with a high- Z metal of a certain thickness, it can realize high-energy resolution measurements of particles such as X-rays. X-rays with energies below 10 keV have a weak penetrating ability, hence, only gold or bismuth of a few micrometers in thickness can guarantee a quantum efﬁciency higher than 70%. Therefore, the entire structure of the TES X-ray detector in this energy range can be realized using a microfabrication process. However, for X-rays or c - rays from 10 keV to 200 keV, submillimeter absorber layers are required, which cannot be realized using the microfabrication process. This paper ﬁrst brieﬂy introduces a set of TES X-ray detectors and their auxiliary systems, and then focuses on the introduction of the TES c -ray detector with an absorber based on a submillimeter lead-tin alloy sphere. The detector achieved a quantum efﬁciency above 70% near 100 keV and an energy resolution of approximately 161.5 eV at 59.5 keV.
Knots in Simulations of Magnetized Relativistic Jets

Bright features ("knots") in extragalactic jets are commonly associated with reacceleration of charged particles in regions with shocks or strong compression. This letter presents a stagnation point-nozzle-Mach disk (SNM) morphology observed in time-dependent simulations of magnetized relativistic jets. The nozzles are remnants of an oscillation in the Mach disk at the "hot spot. " The results are compared with the jets of QSO 0800+608 and 3C 273. In particular, we suggest that these nozzles may explain the correlated optical and radio emission in 3C 273.
HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL COSMOLOGICAL MODELS WITH STRANGE QUARK MATTER

In this article, we study higher-dimensional cosmological models with quark–gluon plasma in the context of general relativity. For this purpose, we consider quark–gluon plasma as a perfect fluid in the higher-dimensional universes. After solving Einstein's field equations, we have analyzed this matter for the different types of universes in the higher- and four-dimensional universes. Also, we have discussed the features of obtained solutions.
Evaluation valuation of Anisotropy Field and g-factor of c-plane Oriented CoPtCr Alloy Film Using Q-band Ferromagnetic Resonance

The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy field, Hk, and g-factor of a c-plane oriented CoPtCr alloy film was quantitatively evaluated by using Q-band (∼34 GHz) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). An FMR signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio was successfully obtained by using a 2mmφ-Macor holder, which achieves phase matching, a decrease in the background of the signal, and accurate alignment of the external field parallel to the film normal or in-plane. An external field was applied perpendicularly or horizontally to the film, and a single magnetic domain was maintained during the measurements. The measured FMR signals demonstrated that 1) the Hk and g-factor were simultaneously derived for CoPtCr films with Co 75-90 at. %, 2) the magnitude of Hk was supported by that obtained with a Torque magnetometer, and 3) the g-factor increased from 2.11 to 2.19 when Co content was decreased from 85 to 65 at. % and the Cr content was increased from 5 to 20 at. %.
Disaster waste management challenges and enabling factors for strategic planning: The case of the Beirut Port explosion

Disasters occur in both developed and developing countries, generating large amounts of disaster waste including construction and demolition (C&D) waste that needs to be appropriately managed. While developed countries are capable of implementing adequate disaster waste management (DWM) strategies to facilitate their recovery processes, developing countries generally struggle to find the resources and expertise needed to develop such strategies. Lebanon is a developing country vexed by several systemic challenges that hindered its abilities to manage disaster waste. In this paper, we focus on the Beirut Port explosion (4 August 2020), which generated more than 800,000 tonnes of disaster wastes. This study first assesses the executed strategies and identifies their enabling factors and implementation challenges. It then proposes a framework for the proper management of disaster waste, which was validated through 18 in-depth interviews with experts and stakeholders involved in disaster management. Interview notes and transcripts were analyzed using an inductive-deductive process that allowed to identify themes using the constant comparative method. The data revealed that the main barriers toward implementing a successful DWM strategy were the absence of appropriate technologies, infrastructure, expertise, legislative framework and financial resources. The study concludes by proposing a DWM roadmap that includes contingency, risk reduction and implementation plans (IPs) that can enhance decision-making and ease the recovery process.
Release of neutrophil extracellular traps in response to Candida albicans yeast, as a secondary defense mechanism activated by phagocytosis

Candida albicans is one of the main pathogens responsible for the development of difficult‐to‐fight fungal infections called candidiasis. Neutrophils are the major effector cells involved in the eradication of fungal pathogens. This group of immune cells uses several mechanisms that enable the rapid neutralization of pathogens. The most frequently identified mechanisms are phagocytosis and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The mechanism for selecting the type of neutrophil immune response is still unknown. In our study, we analyzed the relationship between the activation of phagocytosis and netosis. We detected the presence of two neutrophil populations characterized by different response patterns to contact with C. albicans blastospores. The first neutrophil population showed an increased ability to rapidly release NETs without prior internalization of the pathogen. In the second population, the netosis process was inherently associated with phagocytosis. Differences between populations also referred to the production of reactive oxygen species. Our results suggest that neutrophils use different strategies to fight C. albicans and, contrary to previous reports, these mechanisms are not mutually exclusive.
Does Child Maltreatment Reduce or Increase Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Arguments about the associations between child maltreatment and empathy remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the direction and magnitude of the relationships between child abuse and neglect and empathy. Four English databases (Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cochrane Library), three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu), and grey literature were systematically searched. We extracted data related to the associations between child maltreatment and empathy and pooled them using random effects models. A total of 24 eligible studies involving 22,580 participants and 176 estimates were included in the analyses. Overall, child maltreatment was significantly related to reduced empathy ( r _ = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.13]). Specifically, the rank-order mean effect size of subtypes of maltreatment on empathy is: emotional neglect ( r _ = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.25, −0.12]) > physical neglect ( r _ = −0.16, 95% CI [−0.23, −0.09]) > emotional abuse ( r _ = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.21, −0.10]) > physical abuse ( r _ = −0.12, 95% CI [−0.17, −0.07]) > sexual abuse ( r _ = −0.07, 95% CI [−0.14, −0.01]). Furthermore, the meta-regression results suggested that the aggregated associations between child maltreatment and empathy were not inflated by publication bias, but they were moderated by the age of respondents, sample size, publication language, empathy measurement, and maltreatment type. The results indicate that general maltreatment and its subtypes are associated with reduced empathy. Parent training and empathy enhancement programs should be designed to help children with a history of childhood maltreatment, respectively, from an early stage.
Rates and predictors of hospital and emergency department care after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation

Although atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has become increasingly safer, rehospitalization and emergency department (ED) evaluations can occur in the postablation period. Better understanding of the frequency, causes, and predictors for hospitalization and ED evaluation after ablation are needed, particularly as same‐day discharge programs expand.
Spatiotemporal Acoustic Communication by a Single Sensor via Rotational Doppler Effect

A longstanding pursuit in information communication is to increase transmission capacity and accuracy, with multiplexing technology playing as a promising solution. To overcome the challenges of limited spatial information density and systematic complexity in acoustic communication, here real‐time spatiotemporal communication is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by a single sensor based on the rotational Doppler effect. The information carried in multiplexed orbital‐angular‐momentum (OAM) channels is transformed into the physical quantities of the temporal harmonic waveform and simultaneously detected by a single sensor. This single‐sensor configuration is independent of the channel number and encoding scheme. The parallel transmission of complicated images is demonstrated by multiplexing eight OAM channels and achieving an extremely‐low bit error rate (BER) exceeding 0.02%, owing to the intrinsic discrete frequency shift of the rotational Doppler effect. The immunity to inner‐mode crosstalk and robustness to noise of the simple and low‐cost communication paradigm offers promising potential to promote relevant fields.
Exploring the moderated role of two psychological programs on sexual pleasure from physical symptoms, body image distortion and emotional problems of Hispanic women with breast cancer

Abstract Decreased sexual pleasure is a common problem in women with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of psychoeducation vs. acceptance and commitment therapy to improve sexual pleasure according to the predictive role of physical, cognitive and emotional factors. Results of 139 Hispanic women (Mexico and Spain) diagnosed with breast cancer reveal that only the emotional factor of depression predicts decreased sexual pleasure. Although women who participated in the psychoeducation program presented greater physical symptomatology, body image distortions and emotional distress, the results seem to indicate that psychoeducational guidelines are relevant to improve sexual pleasure in those women who manifest higher levels of previous depression. Future research is required to clarify these issues.
Semiparametric Regression Analysis With Missing Response at Random

We develop inference tools in a semiparametric partially linear regression model with missing response data. A class of estimators is defined that includes as special cases a semiparametric regression imputation estimator, a marginal average estimator, and a (marginal) propensity score weighted estimator. We show that any of our class of estimators is asymptotically normal. The three special estimators have the same asymptotic variance. They achieve the semiparametric efficiency bound in the homoscedastic Gaussian case. We show that the jackknife method can be used to consistently estimate the asymptotic variance. Our model and estimators are defined with a view to avoid the curse of dimensionality, which severely limits the applicability of existing methods. The empirical likelihood method is developed. It is shown that when missing responses are imputed using the semiparametric regression method the empirical log-likelihood is asymptotically a scaled chi-squared variable. An adjusted empirical log-likelihood ratio, which is asymptotically standard chisquared, is obtained. Also, a bootstrap empirical log-likelihood ratio is derived and its distribution is used to approximate that of the imputed empirical log-likelihood ratio. A simulation study is conducted to compare the adjusted and bootstrap empirical likelihood with the normal approximation-based method in terms of coverage accuracies and average lengths of confidence intervals. Based on biases and standard errors, a comparison is also made by simulation between the proposed estimators and the related estimators.
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering from U3O8 and UN

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) using an incident energy tuned to the uranium N4,5 absorption edges is reported from epitaxial films of α-U3O8 and UN. Theory shows that for U3O8 the multiplets associated with a 5f 1 configuration with a ground state of 2F5/2 and the excited state of 2F7/2 are observed. However, the strong transition predicted at a transfer energy of 1.67 eV is not observed. We assume this is a consequence of the intermediate state lifetime broadening due to interaction with continuum states when the transferred energy exceeds the onset of the continuum in the presence of the core hole. This hypothesis is supported by the results obtained for the 5f-itinerant system UN, where no sharp transitions have been observed, although the broad scattering response centred at ∼1 eV is considered a signature of a predominantly 5f 3 configuration in this band-like semi-metallic system. These experiments and theory add important information on these materials, both of which have been investigated since the 1960s, as well as whether RIXS at the uranium N edge can become a valuable tool for actinide research.
Antifungal activity and metabolomics analysis of Piper sarmentosum extracts against Fusarium graminearum.

AIMS Fusarium graminearum is a toxic fungus that affects food and feed crops. Piper sarmentosum extract (PSE) is a potential source of anti-mildew natural products for the food and feed industry due to its various pharmacological properties. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity and untargeted metabolomics analysis of PSE against F. graminearum. METHODS AND RESULTS Antifungal activity was evaluated using the mycelium growth rate method. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of PSE was performed using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that PSE (1 and 2 mg ml-1) possesses inhibitory activity against F. graminearum, and a total of 17 compounds that including 8 alkaloids, 3 phenols, 3 lipids, and 3 organic acids might be the antifungal markers in PSE. Metabolomics analysis further revealed that PSE could significantly increase the levels of guanosine, guanine, adenosine, and L-isoleucine in fungi, which are related to purine and L-isoleucine metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS PSE is a promising anti-mildew agent that inhibits the growth of F. graminearum in food and feed. PSE (1 and 2 mg ml-1) may exert antifungal properties by inhibiting fungal purine nucleotide synthesis and enhancing the level of L-isoleucine compared with the control groups.
Rotational Velocities of B, A, and Early‐F Narrow‐lined Stars

Projected rotational velocities for 58 B, A, and early‐F stars have been determined from high‐resolution spectroscopic observations made at Kitt Peak National Observatory with the coudé feed telescope. All the stars are slowly rotating with vsin i<60 km s−1. Because of their low rotational velocities, 15 of the stars have been observed as prospective, early‐type, radial velocity standards.
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING METHODOLOGY: PART I. NOVELTY DETECTION ON A LABORATORY STRUCTURE

This paper is concerned with the experimental validation of a structural health monitoring methodology, previously only investigated using synthetic data. The structure considered here is a simplified model of a metallic aircraft wingbox i.e., a plate incorporating stiffening elements. Damage is simulated by a saw-cut to one of the panel stringers (stiffeners). The analysis approach uses novelty detection based on measured transmissibilities from the structure. Three different novelty detection algorithms are considered here: outlier analysis, density estimation and an auto-associative neural network technique. All three methods are shown to be successful to an extent, although a critical comparison indicates reservations about the density estimation approach when used on sparse data sets.
COMPREHENSIVE PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF ORCHIDACEAE USING NUCLEAR GENES AND EVOLUTIONARY INSIGHTS INTO EPIPHYTISM.

Orchidaceae (with >28,000 orchid species) are one of the two largest plant families, with economically and ecologically important species, and occupy global and diverse niches with primary distribution in rainforests. Among orchids, 70% grow on other plants as epiphytes; epiphytes contribute up to ~50% of the plant diversity in rainforests and provide food and shelter for diverse animals and microbes, thereby contributing to the health of these ecosystems. Orchids account for over two thirds of vascular epiphytes and provide an excellent model for studying evolution of epiphytism. Extensive phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae and subgroups have been crucial for understanding relationships among many orchid lineages, although some uncertainties remain. For example, in the largest subfamily Epidendroideae with nearly all epiphytic orchids, relationships among some tribes and many subtribes are still controversial, hampering evolutionary analyses of epiphytism. Here we obtained 1,450 low-copy nuclear genes from 610 orchid species, including 431 with newly generated transcriptomes, and used them for the reconstruction of robust Orchidaceae phylogenetic trees with highly supported placements of tribes and subtribes. We also provide generally well-supported phylogenetic placements of 131 genera and 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid and nuclear phylogenomic studies. Molecular clock analyses estimated the Orchidaceae origin at ~132 Ma and divergences of most subtribes from 52 to 29 Ma. Character reconstruction supports at least 14 parallel origins of epiphytism; one such origin was placed at the most recent common ancestor of ~95% of epiphytic orchids and linked to modern rainforests. Ten occurrences of rapid increase in the diversification rate were detected within Epidendroideae near and after the K-Pg boundary, contributing to ~80% of the Orchidaceae diversity. This study provides a robust and the largest family-wide Orchidaceae nuclear phylogenetic tree thus far and new insights into the evolution of epiphytism in vascular plants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Design and fabrication of hollow fiber-based Raman tweezers for bioparticle measurement

The flexible fiber optic probe for laser trapping Raman spectroscopy is developed to analyze single bio-particles in vivo. The probe consists of the hollow optical fiber and TiO2 micro-lens. Red blood cell and yeast are stably trapped by the fabricated probe. The Raman measurement of PMMA particle having 10 μm diameters is also demonstrated.
Radio-Mode Feedback in Massive Galaxies at Redshift 0 < z < 1

Abstract We have carried out a large observational study of the radio luminosities, stellar populations, and environments of massive galaxies over the redshift range 0 < z < 1. Radio jets powered by an accreting central black hole are common in massive galaxies, and there is a large class of “optically quiet AGN,” with radio emission but no optical/IR signature of black-hole accretion. The central black holes in these galaxies are probably accreting in a radiatively inefficient mode, and our results suggest that “radio-mode feedback” as described by Croton et al. is likely to occur in all masssive early-type galaxies at z < 0.8. While it appears that radio-loud AGN occur episodically in all massive early-type galaxies, we also identify a sub-population of galaxies with powerful radio sources and a prominent younger (~ 108 yr) stellar population that may have undergone recent mergers.
Theoretical spectroscopy of autoionization resonances in spectra of lanthanide atoms

A theoretical study of the autoionization resonances in the spectra of lanthanide atoms (ytterbium) was carried out within the relativistic many-body perturbation theory and the generalized relativistic energy approach (the Gell-Mann and Low S-matrix formalism). The accurate results on the autoionization resonance energies and widths in ytterbium are presented with correctly accounting for the exchange correlation and relativistic corrections and are compared with the other available theoretical and experimental data.
Brain oscillatory modes as a proxy of stroke recovery

Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability, making the search for successful rehabilitation treatment one of the most important public health issues. A better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying impairment and recovery and the development of associated markers is critical for tailoring treatments to each individual patient with the ultimate goal of maximizing therapeutic outcomes. Here, we used a novel and powerful method consisting of combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze TMS-induced brain oscillations in a large cohort of 60 stroke patients from the acute to the early-chronic phase after a stroke. A data-driven parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) approach to tensor decomposition allowed to detect brain oscillatory modes specifically centered on the {theta}, and {beta} frequency bands. In the acute stage, patients presented a general slowdown of these oscillatory modes, highlighting stroke-induced perturbations within thalamocortical processing. Furthermore, low-frequency modes evolved across stroke stages, according to the extent of motor recovery, associated with changes in GABAergic intracortical inhibition. Overall, these longitudinal changes provide novel insights into the ongoing functional reorganization of brain networks after a stroke and the underlying mechanisms. Notably, we propose that the observed -mode decrease corresponds to a beneficial disinhibition phase between the subacute and early-chronic stages that fosters structural and functional plasticity and facilitates recovery. Monitoring this phenomenon at the individual patient level will provide critical information for phenotyping patients, developing electrophysiological biomarkers and refining therapies based on personalized excitatory/inhibitory neuromodulation using noninvasive or invasive brain stimulation techniques.