Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LANGUAGE MINORITY STUDENTS IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS: AN EDUCATION IN ENGLISH, H. Douglas Adamson

LANGUAGE MINORITY STUDENTS IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS: AN EDUCATION IN ENGLISH. H. Douglas Adamson. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2005. Pp. vii + 294. $34.50 paper. In this theoretical-empirical textbook, Adamson presents an authoritative and critical overview of the application of behavioral and cognitive, psycholinguistic, and linguistic paradigms to the particular educational and linguistic needs of English language learners (ELLs) in U.S. schools. Each paradigm alone fails to fully account for the complexities of ELL instruction. To solve this shortcoming, Adamson applies the Vygotskian sociocultural model of learning and cognitive development, a model that integrates external behavioral and internal cognitive factors. Adamson's balanced writing includes the nation's social and political views of ELL education as well as the arguments of critics of ELL instruction, arguments he does not leave uncontested. A noteworthy dimension of this work is how the author strengthens his argument with his extensive English as a second language (ESL) and English as a foreign language teaching experience in the United States and abroad as well as his research in the field, including the report of a year-long case study of ELLs enrolled in a middle school in Arizona. The discussions of the vignettes and of the case-study results afford readers the opportunity to learn about the variables and complexities of ELL instruction through the lens of a constructivist researcher.
Tridiagonal-Diagonal Reduction of Symmetric Indefinite Pairs

We consider the reduction of a symmetric indefinite matrix pair (A,B), with B nonsingular, to tridiagonal-diagonal form by congruence transformations. This is an important reduction in solving polynomial eigenvalue problems with symmetric coefficient matrices and in frequency response computations. The pair is first reduced to symmetric-diagonal form. We describe three methods for reducing the symmetric-diagonal pair to tridiagonal-diagonal form. Two of them employ more stable versions of Brebner and Grad's pseudosymmetric Givens and pseudosymmetric Householder reductions, while the third is new and based on a combination of Householder reflectors and hyperbolic rotations. We prove an optimality condition for the transformations used in the third reduction. We present numerical experiments that compare the different approaches and show improvements over Brebner and Grad's reductions.
Tracking people through selected blocks using correlation and optimized similarity measure OSSD

This letter correspondence exposes results of a simple and appropriate technique for tracking a moving person in a stream captured and stored in a suitable memory. This method is based on research of similar block only in the next frame or on the range of frames in the video sequence in question. The proposed process of tracking people in a single view from one static camera starts like any video surveillance system with background subtraction. Then, a Minimal Boundary Rectangle is used to surround the moving people in each frame. A selected block of 8×8 sizes is used to calculate the values of their entire joint blocks component in the following frames of the used video sequence. Finally, we search the similarity measure: The minimal of the Optimized Sum of Squared Difference and the Fast Fourier Transform Correlation. The same blocks are correlated in the posterior frames corresponding to the minimum error.
HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients who achieved sustained virological response are still at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To describe the frequency and the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases that appeared in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients with previous sustained virological response (SVR) and to compare these cases to those diagnosed in patients without SVR. Methods:All HIV/HCV-coinfected patients diagnosed with HCC in 26 hospitals in Spain before 31 December 2012 were analyzed. Comparisons between cases diagnosed in patients with and without previous SVR were made. Results:One hundred and sixty-seven HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were diagnosed with HCC in the participant hospitals. Sixty-five (39%) of them had been previously treated against HCV. In 13 cases, HCC was diagnosed after achieving consecution of SVR, accounting for 7.8% of the overall cases. The median (Q1–Q3) elapsed time from SVR to diagnosis of HCC was 28 (20–39) months. HCC was multicentric and was complicated with portal thrombosis in nine and six patients, respectively. Comparisons with HCC cases diagnosed in patients without previous SVR only yielded a significantly higher proportion of genotype 3 infection [10 (83%) out of 13 cases versus 34 (32%) out of 107; P = 0.001)]. The median (Q1–Q3) survival of HCC was 3 (1–39) months among cases developed in patients with previous SVR, whereas it was 6 (2–20) months in the remaining individuals (P = 0.7). Conclusion:HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with previous SVR may develop HCC in the mid term and long term. These cases account for a significant proportion of the total cases of HCC in this setting. Our findings reinforce the need to continue surveillance of HCC with ultrasound examinations in patients with cirrhosis who respond to anti-HCV therapy.
Intelligence and Achievement: A Factor Analytic and Canonical Correlational Study

Recent assertions that tests of intelligence and achievement measure identical constructs contradict the current use of such tests to verify discrepancies between ability and achievement in the identification of children who may experience learning disabilities. This situation poses fundamental challenges to many measurement-related practices that concern school psychologists. To address these issues, the present study examined the constructs measured by such tests and the amount of functional overlap between them. Scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, the Wide Range Achievement Test, and the SRA Achievement Series were collected from 160 children (80 girls, 80 boys), aged 9-12, selected from a small, urban school district in the Midwest. Data initially were submitted to a principal factor analysis with Varimax rotation, which yielded four factors subsequently labelled Verbal Comprehension, Numerical, Written Language, and Performance. Canonical variates were extracted for the purpose of examining redundancy between the intelligence and achievement batteries. These indicated a functional overlap that accounted for 31.0% of the variance of the WISC-R subtests and 47.2% of the variance of the combined WRAT and SRA subtests. Results were interpreted to offer cautious support for current approaches in diagnosis.
Community College and High School Reform: Lessons from Five Case Studies

The research reported in this paper examined a set of innovative high school programs on community college campuses. Specifically, a full-time dual enrollment program and 4 middle college high schools were studied. The authors used in-depth interviews and observational data to investigate the structure, processes, and perceptions of effectiveness of the programs. The study found multiple missions for these programs and identified common features that appear to play an important role in their formation and relative success. Although constituent perceptions of effectiveness were overwhelmingly positive, the programs did not systematically collect and analyze empirical evidence of their effectiveness.
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging of chemotherapeutic response in a rat glioma

This study investigates the comparative changes in the sodium MRI signal and proton diffusion following treatment using a 9L rat glioma model to develop markers of earliest response to cancer therapy. Sodium MRI and proton diffusion mapping were performed on untreated (n = 5) and chemotherapy 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrosourea‐treated rats (n = 5). Animals were scanned serially at 2‐ to 3‐day intervals for up to 30 days following therapy. The time course of Na concentration in a tumor showed a dramatic increase in the treated brain tumor compared to the untreated tumor, which correlates in time with an increase in tumor water diffusion. The largest posttreatment increase in sodium signal occurred 7–9 days following treatment and correlated to the period of the greatest chemotherapy‐induced cellular necrosis based on diffusion and histopathology. Both Na MRI and proton ADC mapping revealed early changes in tumor sodium content and cellularity. This study demonstrates the possibility of Na MRI to function as a biomarker for monitoring early tumor treatment and validates the use of monitoring changes in diffusion MRI values for assessing tumor cellularity. Magn Reson Med 53:85–92, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assembly of mammalian septins.

Septins are a conserved family of polymerizing guanine nucleotide binding proteins associated with diverse processes in dividing and non-dividing cells. In humans, 12 septin genes generate dozens of polypeptides, many of which comprise heterooligomeric complexes. Native and recombinant mammalian septin complexes are purified as approximately 8-nm-thick filaments of variable length. Ultrastructurally, a mammalian septin filament appears an irregular array of structural segments, whose polarity is obscure. The filaments have a potential to self-assemble into higher-order structures by lateral stacking and tandem annealing, eventually forming uniformly curved bundles, i.e., rings and coils. The septin filaments also undergo templated assembly along existing actin bundles containing an adapter protein, anillin. The resultant higher-order assembly of septin filaments may provide scaffolds to recruit other molecules and/or help organize the actin-based structures. The in vitro self-assembly is an irreversible process, which is not coupled with robust nucleotide exchange or hydrolysis. In contrast, septin-based structures rearrange and disassemble in cells, which might be controlled by diverse factors (e.g., the Cdc42-borg system, anillin, syntaxin, phospholipids) and covalent modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation). An immediate goal of septin biochemistry is to define the mechanisms of assembly and disassembly of this elusive cytoskeleton.
Biologic importance of neuraminidase stalk length in influenza A virus

To investigate the biologic importance of the neuraminidase (NA) stalk of influenza A virus, we generated mutant viruses of A/WSN/33 (H1N1) with stalks of various lengths (0 to 52 amino acids), by using the recently developed reverse genetics system. These mutant viruses, including one that lacked the entire stalk, replicated in tissue culture to the level of the parent virus, whose NA stalk contains 24 amino acid residues. In eggs, however, the length of the stalk was correlated with the efficiency of virus replication: the longer the stalk, the better the replication. This finding indicates that the length of the NA stalk affects the host range of influenza A viruses. The NA stalkless mutant was highly attenuated in mice; none of the animals died even after intranasal inoculation of 10(6) PFU of the virus (the dose of the parent virus required to kill 50% of mice was 10(2.5) PFU). Moreover, the stalkless mutant replicated only in the respiratory organs, whereas the parent virus caused systemic infection in mice. Thus, attenuation of the virus with the deletion of the entire NA stalk raises the possibility of its use as live vaccines.
Bone Flap Technique for Impacted Teeth Extraction and Bone Cysts Removal

AbstractThe treatment of cystic lesions and the extraction of impacted third molars are 2 of the most common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The surgical treatment of cysts of the jaws can consist of a cystectomy, a cystotomy, or a staged combination of the 2 procedures. The surgical techniques developed for the extraction of impacted third molars are: coronectomy, orthodontic extraction, and surgery using intraoral or extraoral methods. There are various complications related to both surgical treatments. With regards to these complications, authors’ department has developed a new surgical technique based on a previously described technique, which provides better support to the mucoperiosteal flap and improves bone regeneration after healing. Additionally, authors’ goal was to reduce the risk of nerve injury, which has been achieved thanks to a direct visualization of the inferior alveolar nerve as well as cystic lesion or the dental element. The surgical procedure described produces major advantages over the traditional alternatives, despite needing a longer operation. This technique is particularly useful in the treatment of cystic lesions that have caused considerable bone loss. It can also be utilized for cysts or impacted dental elements strictly linked to the inferior alveolar nerve.
UGT3A: novel UDP-glycosyltransferases of the UGT superfamily

Mammalian UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are divided into four families: UGT1, UGT2, UGT3, and UGT8. UGT3 is the last of the gene families to be identified, and until relatively recently, little was known about the function of these enzymes. In this article, we present new analyses of the UGT3 family genes, including the structure of the UGT3A locus, interspecies sequence conservation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and splice variants. We also review recently published work that has revealed that one member of this family, UGT3A1, has a unique enzymatic function: N-acetylglucosaminidation. Finally, we discuss the possible biological significance of the UGT3A enzymes.
Effect of intracoronary recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor on myocardial perfusion: evidence for a dose-dependent effect.

BACKGROUND Animal models of therapeutic angiogenesis have stimulated development of clinical application in patients with limited options for coronary revascularization. The impact of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) on myocardial perfusion in humans has not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen patients underwent exercise (n=11), dobutamine (n=2), or dipyridamole (n=1) myocardial perfusion single photon emission CT (SPECT) before as well as 30 and 60 days after rhVEGF administration. After uniform processing and display, 2 observers blinded to the timing of the study and dose of rhVEGF reviewed the SPECT images. By a visual, semiquantitative 20-segment scoring method, summed stress scores (SSS) and summed rest scores (SRS) were generated. Although the SSS did not change from baseline to 30 days (21.6 versus 21.5; P=NS), the SRS improved after rhVEGF (13.2 versus 10.4; P<0.05). Stress and rest perfusion improved in >2 segments infrequently in patients treated with low-dose rhVEGF. However, 5 of 6 patients had improvement in >2 segments at rest and stress with the higher rhVEGF doses. Furthermore, although neither the SSS nor the SRS changed in patients treated with the low doses, the SRS decreased in the high-dose rhVEGF patients at 60 days (14.7 versus 10.7; P<0.05). Quantitative analysis was consistent with the visual findings but failed to demonstrate statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Although not designed to demonstrate rhVEGF efficacy, these phase 1 data support the concept that rhVEGF improves myocardial perfusion at rest and provide evidence of a dose-dependent effect.
Oxycodone vs placebo in children with undifferentiated abdominal pain: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of the effect of analgesia on diagnostic accuracy.

BACKGROUND Analgesics for children with acute abdominal pain are often withheld for fear that they might mask physical examination findings and thus might be unsafe. This viewpoint has been challenged recently. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of buccal oxycodone on pain relief, physical examination findings, diagnostic accuracy, and final clinical outcomes in children with acute abdominal pain. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial between December 2001 and November 2003. SETTING University teaching hospital in Finland. Patients A total of 104 children aged 4 to 15 years with abdominal pain of less than 7 days' duration were screened, and 63 children with pain scores of 5 or higher on a 10-cm visual analog scale were eligible for the trial. Intervention Children were randomized to receive buccally either 0.1 mg/kg(-1) of oxycodone hydrochloride (n = 32) or the same volume of normal saline (n = 31). The same surgeon described the physical findings and indicated a provisional diagnosis and a provisional disposition before the children received the study medication and at 1 hour and 3.5 hours after initial dosing. Pain scores were recorded at baseline and every 30 minutes for 3.5 hours after the first study drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain intensity difference, presence or absence of abdominal guarding, and diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS The demographic characteristics, initial pain scores, and physical signs and symptoms were similar between the 2 groups. Both study drugs were associated with decreasing pain scores. The summed pain intensity difference over 7 observations was significantly greater in the oxycodone group, 22 +/- 18 cm, than in the placebo group, 9 +/- 12 cm (mean difference 13 cm, with a 95% confidence interval of 2-24 cm; P = .04). The diagnostic accuracy increased from 72% to 88% in the oxycodone group and remained at 84% in the placebo group after study drug administration. Laparotomy was performed in 17 patients in the oxycodone group and in 14 patients in the placebo group. Four patients without appendicitis underwent exploratory laparotomy in each group. One patient in the placebo group was initially diagnosed as having nonspecific abdominal pain, but at 14 hours, she was operated on for appendiceal perforation. CONCLUSIONS Early administration of buccal oxycodone provides a significant pain relief to children with acute abdominal pain, without adversely altering the clinical signs or obscuring the surgical diagnosis.
Supraorganizational Collaboration: The Canadian Environmental Experiment

A unique experiment has begun in Canada to address environmental protection by replacing adversarial relations with a nationwide multiparty collaboration involving all segments of society. An analysis of this experiment was conducted to inform our knowledge of the theory and practice of large-scale collaboration. The negotiated order perspective espoused in recent collaboration theory at the interorganizational level was found to provide an adequate framework for analyzing collaboration at the societal level. This framework, however, must be recast in a social ecology perspective to account for the fact that supraorganizational collaboration processes are themselves embedded in larger social processes. Institutional economics is suggested as a model for further developments. In addition, two factors were found to be essential to the success of large-scale collaboration: the institutionalization of roundtables to mediate between philosophical ideals and practical problem solving, and the institutionalization of the principle of shared responsibility to provide the social bond necessary for the permanence of supraorganizational partnerships.
The Natural History of Dental Caries Lesions

Dental caries is a ubiquitous disease affecting all age groups and segments of the population. It is known that not all caries lesions progress to cavitation, but little is known regarding the progression pattern of caries lesions. This study’s purpose was to evaluate the natural history of dental caries using a standardized, visually based system, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The study population consisted of 565 consenting children, who were enrolled and examined at baseline and at regular intervals over 48 months with ICDAS and yearly bitewing radiographs. Of these, 338 children completed all examinations. Not all lesions cavitated at the same rate, differing by surface type and baseline ICDAS severity score and activity status. With increasing severity, the percentage of lesions progressing to cavitation increased: 19%, 32%, 68%, and 66% for ICDAS scores 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Lesions on occlusal surfaces were more likely to cavitate, followed by buccal pits, lingual grooves, proximal surfaces, and buccal and lingual surfaces. Cavitation was more likely on molars, followed by pre-molars and anterior teeth. Predictors of cavitation included age, gender, surfaces and tooth types, and ICDAS severity/activity at baseline. In conclusion, characterization of lesion severity with ICDAS can be a strong predictor of lesion progression to cavitation.
A Delaunay based numerical method for three dimensions: generation, formulation, and partition

We present new geometrical and numerical analysis structure theorems for the Delaunay diagram of point sets in R~ for a fixed d where the point sets arise naturally in numerical methods. In particular, we show that if the largest ratio of the circum-radius to the length of smallest edge over all simplexes in the Delaunay diagram of P, DT(P), is bounded, (called the bounded radius-edge ratio property), then DT(P) is a subgraph of a density graph, the Delaunay spheres form a k-ply system for a constant k, and that we get optimal rates of convergence for approximate solutions of Poisson’s equation constructed using control volume techniques. The density graph result implies that DT(P) has a partition of cost O(rrl ‘Id) that can be efficiently found by the geometric separator algorithm of Miller, Teng, Thurston, and Vavasis and therefore the numerical linear system defined on D7’(P) using the finite-volume method can be solved efficiently on a parallel machine (either by a director an iterative method). The constant ply structure of Delaunay spheres leads to a linear-space point location structure for these Delaunay diagrams with O(log n) time per query. Moreover, we present a new parallel algorithm for computing the Delaunay diagram for these point sets in any fixed dimension in O(log n) random parallel time and n processors. Our results show that the bounded radius-edge ratio property is desirable for well-shaped triangular meshes for numerical methods such as finite element, finite difference, and in particular, finite volume methods.
Application of Language Modelling in Sentiment Analysis for Faculty Comment Evaluation

Analysis is a field of Natural Language Processing that deals with the study of people's comments or opinions expressed in written text. In this study, the researchers utilized sentiment analysis to determine the rating of positivity or negativity of the comments given by the students in a Faculty Evaluation Form. This is in accordance with the objective of the research, which is to develop an application that will be used in assessing a faculty member using the comments in the faculty evaluation survey with the aid of sentiment analysis. The comments, stored and retrieved from the repository, were initially subjected to preprocessing. SentiWordNet then served as the source of the positivity scores of the comments. To increase the accuracy of the sentiment value, the comments undergone polarity identification, negation tagging, and intensity multiplication, taking into consideration the terms surrounding a given word.