Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Low Density Parity-Check coded adaptive cooperation scheme based on Orthogonal Superposition Modulation

User Cooperation (UC) is a promising technology to obtain diversity gain at terminals. Superposition Modulation Cooperation (SMC) is a UC mode exploiting higher order modulation constellation to allow relay node (RN) transmitting his own local data together with the relay data from source node (SN). The throughput outperforms Amplify-and-Forward (AF), Decode-and-Forward (DF) and coded cooperation (CC) when channel state is good. Power allocation (PA) between the local signal and relay signal is crucial for the performance of SMC. An Adaptive Orthogonal Superposition Modulation Cooperation (OSMC) Scheme is designed based on the bit-level Mutual Information (MI) model to minimize the average outage probability of the three-node cooperation system. Moreover, Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) code is introduced to further improve the performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the adaptive OSMC scheme improves the power efficiency significantly.
A simulation model of IEEE802.11b for performance analysis of wireless LAN protocols

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the IEEE802.11b simulation model implemented by using OMNet++ simulation framework. The model is suitable for performance evaluation and investigation of wireless networks. There are two main state patterns which are part of the model specifying the CSMA/CA procedure and frame exchange sequences between stations. These are critical major sections of the IEEE 802.11b standard for sharing the communication medium and therefore their accurate modelling is important for simulation based performance analysis of wireless networks. An example network consisting of a mobile station moving through a series of access points is used to demonstrate the model’s capabilities. The handover behaviour is consistent with theoretical results and will be used in our further research for testing higher layer performance involving mobility. Keywords—IEEE802.11b, OMNeT++, Simulation
RF equivalent‐circuit model of interconnect bends based on S‐parameter measurements

A modified model for RF interconnect bends on lossy substrate in CMOS technology is presented. The model parameters are extracted directly from the on‐wafer S‐parameter measurements. The accuracy is verified up to 20 GHz by the measurements of the test structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 170–173, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20760
Modeling reaction time in the ankle

We are examining whether robust behavioral laws, initially designed to describe sensorimotor control of the upper extremities, can also describe lower extremity movements. Herein, we present our initial results of our research on measuring ankle reaction time (RT). We show that RT measured in ankle dorsiflexion (DP) and inversion-eversion (IE) of 7 healthy young subjects followed a γ distribution, a typical finding in the upper limb response modalities. We propose that the low-order statistics (mean and variance) of the best-fit γ function can be used to concatenate RT across subjects with similar performance and create super-subjects (SS). We then show that the most widely used model of RT cognitive processes, the Ratcliff diffusion model, is adequate to describe ankle RT in an SS. The combination of experimental data analysis with diffusion modeling of ankle RT proposed that at least two cognitive components of RT are accounted for a difference in mean RT observed between DP and IE, namely the speed of information accumulation and the non-decision time that includes, among others, the time for motor response encoding and execution. These results show a great potential to inform our adaptive assist-as-needed robotic therapy delivered to the lower limbs of children with Cerebral Palsy.
Injuries in Competitive Boxing. A Prospective Study

Abstract Boxing remains a subject of controversy and is often classified as dangerous. But the discussion is based mostly on retrospective studies. This survey was conducted as a prospective study. From October 2012 to September 2013, 44 competitive boxers were asked to report their injuries once a month. The questionnaire collected general information (training, competition) and recorded the number of bouts fought, injuries and resulting lost days. A total of 192 injuries were recorded, 133 of which resulted in interruption of training or competition. Each boxer sustained 3 injuries per year on average. The injury rate was 12.8 injuries per 1 000 h of training. Boxers fighting more than 3 bouts per year sustain more injuries (p=0.0075). The injury rate does is not a function of age (age≤19 vs. > 19a, p=0.53). Injuries to the head and the upper limbs occur most frequently. The most common injuries are soft tissue lacerations and contusions. Head injuries with neurological symptoms rarely occur (4.2%). Boxing has a high injury rate that is comparable with other contact sports, but most injuries are minor. Injury frequency is not a function of whether the boxer competes in the junior or adult category. Athletes fighting many bouts per year have a greater risk of injury.
DynJAQ: An adaptive and flexible dynamic FAQ system

This article presents a new type of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) System, called DynJAQ (Dynamic Java Asked Questions) that has been designed with the purpose of making learning more appealing to beginner students of engineering disciplines and overcome the inconvenience of these systems. DynJAQ is able to generate dynamically several HTML guides that can be used to answer any possible question about a particular programming language (Java), although it can be easily extended to any other topic. DynJAQ integrates case‐based knowledge into a graph‐based representation that can be easily learned and managed. The combination of both case‐based knowledge and graphs allows it to implement a flexible hierarchical structures (or learning graphs) that have been applied to implement a new kind of Frequently Asked Questions Systems. In these systems the output is dynamically built from the user query, using as basis structures the knowledge retrieved from a Case Base. The management of these cases allows enriching the knowledge base. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 303–318, 2007.
Large-scale Agent-based Multi-modal Modeling of Transportation Networks - System Model and Preliminary Results

The performance of urban transportation systems can be improved if travelers make better-informed decisions using advanced modeling techniques. However, modeling city-level transportation systems is challenging not only because of the network scale but also because they encompass multiple transportation modes. This paper introduces a novel simulation framework that efficiently supports large-scale agent-based multi-modal transportation system modeling. The proposed framework utilizes both microscopic and mesoscopic modeling techniques to take advantage of the strengths of each modeling approach. In order to increase the model scalability, decrease the complexity and achieve a reasonable simulation speed, the proposed framework utilizes parallel simulation through two partitioning techniques: spatial partitioning by separating the network geographically and vertical partitioning by separating the network by transportation mode for modes that interact minimally. The proposed framework creates multi-modal plans for each trip and tracks the travelers trips on a second-by-second basis across the different modes. We instantiate this framework in a system model of Los Angeles (LA) supporting our study of the impact on transportation decisions over a 5 hour period of the morning commute (7am-12pm). The results show that by modifying travel choices of only 10% of the trips a significant reduction in traffic congestion is achievable that results in better traffic flow and lower travel times.
Quantifying effects of retinal illuminance on frequency doubling perimetry.

PURPOSE To measure and quantify effects of variation in retinal illuminance on frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry. METHODS A Zeiss-Humphrey/Welch Allyn FDT perimeter was used with the threshold N-30 strategy. Study 1, quantifying adaptation: 11 eyes of 11 subjects (24-46 years old) were tested with natural pupils, and then retested after stable pupillary dilation with neutral density filters of 0.0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.6 log unit in front of the subject's eye. Study 2, predicting effect of reduced illuminance: 17 eyes of 17 subjects (26-61 years old) were tested with natural pupils, and then retested after stable pupillary miosis (assessed with an infrared camera). A quantitative adaptation model was fit to results of Study 1; the mean adaptation parameter was used to predict change in Study 2. RESULTS Study 1: Mean defect (MD) decreased by 10 dB over a 1.6 log unit range of retinal illuminances; model fits for all subjects had r2> 95%. Study 2: Change in MD (DeltaMD) ranged from -7.3 dB to +0.8 dB. The mean adaptation parameter from Study 1 accounted for 69% of the variance in DeltaMD (P <0.0005), and accuracy of the model was independent of the magnitude of DeltaMD (r2< 1%, P >0.75). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed previous findings that FDT perimetry can be dramatically affected by variations in retinal illuminance. Application of a quantitative adaptation model provided guidelines for estimating effects of pupil diameter and lens density on FDT perimetry.
Interworking of addressing schemes in an internetwork

We examine the problem of address interworking that arises when two networks of the same type (that use the same addressing format) are interconnected by a different type of network (one that uses a different addressing format). Solutions to this problem fall broadly into four categories: (i) schemes that send address resolution messages when a call/packet arrives ("pull" information), (ii) schemes in which address resolution information is sent in routing or routing-like protocols ("push" information), (iii) schemes that use administered cross-office address translation tables at gateways, and (iv) schemes that use encapsulated/mapped addresses. Internetworking problems that are of interest today include PSTN/ATM, IP/ATM and PSTN/IP internetworking. The PSTN uses 8-byte E.164 addresses (telephone numbers), IP networks use 4-byte IPv4 addresses, and ATM networks use 20-byte ATM End System Addresses (AESAs). Current solutions to the address interworking problem for these internetworks fall into the first three categories of solutions. We propose use of the last solution category for these three internetworking problems. We provide a comparison of our proposed scheme with other solutions.
The emergence of native-language phonological influences in infants: A perceptual assimilation model.

When we hear words from an unfamiliar language spoken by a native of that language, we often have difficulty perceiving the phonetic differences among contrasting consonant (or vowel) sounds that are not distinct phonemes in our own language. Of course, we experience no difficulty with phones that are very similar to our own native phonemes. Very young infants, however, discriminate not only the segmental contrasts of their native language, but many nonnative contrasts as well, as yet apparently unfettered by the phonological constraints of their
Effects of interactive teaching on university students’ knowledge and attitude toward reproductive health: a pilot study in Jordan

Background Youths in Jordan lack knowledge related to reproductive health (RH). Interactive teaching methods showed positive results in enhancing health awareness and adopting healthy practices among students. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the usefulness of interactive teaching in promoting health awareness of RH among nonmedical university students in Jordan. Methods We employed a quasi-experimental one group pretest and posttest design for a purposive sample of 210 students (18–24 years). Knowledge and attitudes regarding RH issues were assessed using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results A significant improvement in students’ knowledge and attitudes toward RH was evident. Female students had higher scores on knowledge than male students in the pretest; this difference was smaller in the posttest. Also, female students had significantly more positive attitudes toward RH in pretest than males, although this difference vanished in the posttest. Study results indicated that students benefit from study intervention regardless their gender. Conclusion Integrating RH into university’s curriculum coupled with interactive learning approach is a powerful way to promote RH awareness among youths.
Hierarchical Line Integration

This paper presents an acceleration scheme for the numerical computation of sets of trajectories in vector fields or iterated solutions in maps, possibly with simultaneous evaluation of quantities along the curves such as integrals or extrema. It addresses cases with a dense evaluation on the domain, where straightforward approaches are subject to redundant calculations. These are avoided by first calculating short solutions for the whole domain. From these, longer solutions are then constructed in a hierarchical manner until the designated length is achieved. While the computational complexity of the straightforward approach depends linearly on the length of the solutions, the computational cost with the proposed scheme grows only logarithmically with increasing length. Due to independence of subtasks and memory locality, our algorithm is suitable for parallel execution on many-core architectures like GPUs. The trade-offs of the method - lower accuracy and increased memory consumption - are analyzed, including error order as well as numerical error for discrete computation grids. The usefulness and flexibility of the scheme are demonstrated with two example applications: line integral convolution and the computation of the finite-time Lyapunov exponent. Finally, results and performance measurements of our GPU implementation are presented for both synthetic and simulated vector fields from computational fluid dynamics.
Two fast tree-creation algorithms for genetic programming

Genetic programming is an evolutionary optimization method that produces functional programs to solve a given task. These programs commonly take the form of trees representing LISP s-expressions, and a typical evolutionary run produces a great many of these trees. For this reason, a good tree-generation algorithm is very important to genetic programming. This paper presents two new tree-generation algorithms for genetic programming and for "strongly typed" genetic programming, a common variant. These algorithms are fast, allow the user to request specific tree sizes, and guarantee probabilities of certain nodes appearing in trees. The paper analyzes these two algorithms, and compares them with traditional and recently proposed approaches.
A Physical Model for the Origin of Quasar Lifetimes

We propose a model of quasar lifetimes in which longer periods of rapid black hole accretion are distinguished from observationally inferred lifetimes of quasars owing to gas and dust obscuration. In our picture, quasars are powered by gas funneled to galaxy centers, fueling starbursts and feeding black hole growth, but are "buried" until feedback from the accretion disperses the obscuring material, creating a window in which the black hole is observable as an optical quasar. Eventually, the activity ceases when the accretion rate drops below that required to maintain quasar luminosities. We study this process by simulating galaxy mergers, using the gas density to infer the bolometric luminosity of the black hole and the gas metallicity and column density to determine the B-band attenuation along arbitrary lines of sight. Defining the visible quasar lifetime as the total time with an observed B-band luminosity greater than some lower limit LB, min, we find lifetimes ~10-20 Myr for LB, min = 1011 L☉ (MB ≈ -23), in good agreement with observations, but significantly shorter than the "intrinsic" lifetime ~100 Myr obtained if attenuation is neglected. The ratio of observed to intrinsic lifetimes is also a strong function of both the limiting luminosity and observed frequency range.
Towards a Dynamic Model for Requirements Handling in Software Architecture Configuration Management

—Nowadays the role of software architecture is obvious. ‎ Both complex requirements and non-deterministic chang‎ ing environments lead software architecture to face with ‎ problems for coverage of requirements and environments. ‎ Consequently, the configuration of the software architec‎ ture is faced with challenges even in run-time. Being able ‎ to deal with such problems requires new techniques to be ‎ used. In spite of variety of related works performed in this ‎ domain, improvements are required in some aspects such ‎ as consideration of overlap and contradictory require‎ ments and also effects in dynamic environments. In this ‎ paper, a dynamic model is presented for handling chang‎ ing requirements which makes use of the configuration ‎ management concepts such as versioning, composition, ‎ consistency, construction, and selection; hence the possibility of configuring software architecture in overlapped ‎ and contradictory requirements and dynamic environ‎ ments has been provided in the proposed model. The ‎ model includes change management and versioning ‎ activities for software architecture and its artefacts. The ‎ results of performing the proposed model on a case are ‎ reported in this paper. ‎
EBNA promoter usage in ebv‐negative burkitt lymphoma cell lines converted with a neomycin‐resistant EBV strain

Latent Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) uses two alternative strategies to express the Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigens (EBNAs). Resting normal B cells harboring latent virus and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells use monocistronic messages generated from the Q promoter (restricted strategy). EBV‐transformed immunoblasts express all EBNAs by using giant messages generated from the W/C promoter (full program). Whether the virus establishes the restricted program on primary infection of a BL cell (or its progenitor) or, alternatively, whether such cells are generated by phenotypic down‐regulation from the immunoblast is unclear. We found previously that conversion of EBV‐negative BL lines to EBV‐positive sublines required repeated exposure to large virus doses. The converted sublines used the full program. However, the possibility that cells with a full program had a selective advantage during the long period of in vitro passage could not be excluded. We therefore infected EBV‐negative BL lines with recombinant EBV carrying a neomycin resistance marker. Most convertants of the 12 lines tested were positive for YUK splicing, indicative of the full program, but some were also positive for the restricted QUK splice program. One convertant DG75 line showing both YUK and QUK was cloned and gave rise to stable QUK users. We conclude that EBV infection of established BL lines can give rise to subclones with either the full or the restricted program. The fact that all EBVs carrying BL lines use the restricted program in vitro may be a consequence of immunoselection. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Searching and Browsing Social Images through i AVATAR Towards Yahoo ! Challenge 2010 : Novel Image Understanding Aixin

We present a novel graphical social images retrieval system, called iAVATAR (interActive VisuAl-representative TAgs Relationship), that takes a concrete step to address social image search and understanding challenge. iAVATAR is the first systematic effort to explore relationships between tags by visual-representativeness, frequency, and co-occurrence, coherently. Through the visualization of tag properties and relationships, iAVATAR offers users a visual explanation of the retrieved social images.
Renal Perfusion in Blacks: Alterations Caused by Insuppressibility of Intrarenal Renin With Salt

We have reported that an increased intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity may be responsible for the reduction in renal plasma flow (RPF) in apparently healthy blacks in comparison to healthy whites during high salt balance. To ascertain whether these differences only exist in the high salt state, we performed the following study, concentrating on the manipulation of the renin system during low salt intake. We measured in 19 healthy blacks and 22 healthy whites para-aminohippurate and inulin clearances as an indication of RPF and glomerular filtration rate, respectively, on both high (200 mmol/d) and low (10 mmol/d) salt balance in random order. A subset of 11 blacks and 12 whites additionally received an angiotensin II infusion while in low salt balance (3 ng/kg per minute for 45 minutes) and captopril to assess differences in RPF response to a converting enzyme inhibitor. The 19 whites had significantly higher RPF when compared with blacks (P =0.033) when studied on high salt. However, during low salt balance, the RPFs were comparable in the 2 groups. Plasma renin activity was similar in the 2 groups on both diets. In the subset that received angiotensin II and captopril while in low salt balance, the renal vascular response was not different in whites and blacks. These data provide additional support for the concept that the intrarenal tissue renin system is more active in blacks than whites on a typical (high salt) diet and that the difference reflects primarily incomplete tissue renin suppression with an increase in salt intake. The mechanism involved may contribute to the increased susceptibility to renal injury in blacks.