Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liszt: A domain specific language for building portable mesh-based PDE solvers

Heterogeneous computers with processors and accelerators are becoming widespread in scientific computing. However, it is difficult to program hybrid architectures and there is no commonly accepted programming model. Ideally, applications should be written in a way that is portable to many platforms, but providing this portability for general programs is a hard problem. By restricting the class of programs considered, we can make this portability feasible. We present Liszt, a domain- specific language for constructing mesh-based PDE solvers. We introduce language statements for interacting with an unstructured mesh, and storing data at its elements. Pro- gram analysis of these statements enables our compiler to expose the parallelism, locality, and synchronization of Liszt programs. Using this analysis, we generate applications for multiple platforms: a cluster, an SMP, and a GPU. This approach allows Liszt applications to perform within 12% of hand-written C++, scale to large clusters, and experience order-of-magnitude speedups on GPUs.
Neglect and Extinction Depend Greatly on Task Demands: A Review

This review illustrates how, after unilateral brain damage, the presence and severity of spatial awareness deficits for the contralesional hemispace depend greatly on the quantity of attentional resources available for performance. After a brief description of neglect and extinction, different frameworks accounting for spatial and non-spatial attentional processes will be outlined. The central part of the review describes how the performance of brain-damaged patients is negatively affected by increased task demands, which can result in the emergence of severe awareness deficits for contralesional space even in patients who perform normally on paper-and-pencil tests. Throughout the review neglect is described as a spatial syndrome that can be exacerbated in the presence and severity by both spatial and non-spatial tasks. The take-home message is that the presence and degree of contralesional neglect and extinction can be dramatically overlooked based on standard clinical (paper-and-pencil) testing, where patients can easily compensate for their deficits. Only tasks where compensation is made impossible represent an appropriate approach to detect these disabling contralesional deficits of awareness when they become subtle in post-acute stroke phases.
The Effect of Injuries on Health Measured by Short Form 8 among a Large Cohort of Thai Adults

Introduction We investigate the links between health and injury in Thailand. This is important because of the high burden of injury in transitional countries and limited information for public health. Methods We analyse 2005 baseline and 2009, 4-year follow-up data from distance learning students of Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University residing nationwide (n = 60569). Injury was reported for the past year in both periods. Medical Outcome Study Short-Form (SF-8™) health status was reported and Physical and Mental Component Summary Scores (PCS and MCS) were calculated. Analyses used covariate-adjusted multivariate linear regression. Results In 2009, increasing numbers of traffic injuries (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+) associated with declining PCS scores (49.8, 48.4, 46.9, 46.2, 44.0), along with a similar monotonic decline for MCS scores (47.6, 46.0, 44.2, 42.7, 40.6). A similar (but smaller) dose-response gradient was found between non-traffic injuries and SF-8 scores. Longitudinal analyses showed those with incident injury (no injury 2005, injury 2009) had lower PCS and MCS scores compared to those with no injury in both periods. Individuals with reverting injury status (injury 2005, no injury 2009) reported improvement in PCS and MCS scores over the four-year period. Conclusion We found significant and epidemiologically important associations between increasing injury frequency and worse health in the past year, especially traffic injuries. Longitudinal 2005–2009 results were supportive and revealed statistically significant adverse 4-year effects of incident injury on health. If injury reverted over four years, low initial scores improved greatly. Findings highlight the importance of injury prevention as a public health priority.
Notice of RetractionThe core competence of enterprise: Facing the economic fluctuation

Economic fluctuation is not only a key theoretical question in macroeconomics but also a great practice question closely related to enterprise operation. This article indicted enhancing the core competence in the situation of cyclical economic fluctuation and provides a clear theoretical model for developing dynamic learning mechanisms to strengthen the core competence in the turbulent and uncertainty environment. However, further studies are needed to create an evaluation method to provide a means to measure of the framework.
Common distance vectors between Costas arrays

We investigate the distance vectors contained in individual Costas arrays and in pairs of Costas arrays, and prove some rigorous results in the case of the algebraically constructed arrays. Overall, it appears that the set with the property that every Costas array has a distance vector in this set, or that every pair of Costas arrays with a common vector have a common vector in this set, is in both cases surprisingly small. Further, we study Costas arrays with the additional property that they represent configurations of non-attacking kings or queens: in the former case, we demonstrate that such arrays are either sporadic or produced by a sub-method of the Lempel construction; in the latter case, partially answering a question asked by S. Golomb 26 years ago, we prove that (non-trivial) such arrays can only be sporadic and conjecture they do not exist at all.
Relict Topography Within the Hangay Mountains in Central Mongolia: Quantifying Long‐Term Exhumation and Relief Change in an Old Landscape

The Hangay Mountains are a high‐elevation, low‐relief landscape within the greater Mongolian Plateau of central Asia. New bedrock apatite (U‐Th)/He single‐grain ages from the Hangay span ~70 to 200 Ma, with a mean of 122.7 ± 24.0 Ma (2σ). Detrital apatite samples from the Selenga and Orkhon Rivers, north of the mountains, yield dominant (U‐Th)/He age populations of ~115 to 130 Ma, as well as an older population not seen in the Hangay granitic bedrock data. These low‐temperature data record regional exhumation of central Mongolia in the Mesozoic followed by limited erosion of <1–2 km since the Cretaceous, ruling out rapid exhumation of this magnitude associated with any late Cenozoic uplift. Apatite (U‐Th)/He age elevation patterns suggest long‐term thermal stability of the upper crust and thermal model inversions require late Mesozoic uplift, spatially variable exhumation, and/or relief evolution to produce the observed cooling ages in the Hangay. Regionally, modeling suggests reduction of topography in the Jurassic followed by relief growth that was completed by the mid‐Cretaceous. These results support Mesozoic topographic evolution and relative stability of the landscape throughout the Cenozoic with very little subsequent exhumation. Alpine cirques and intact moraines are indicative of more recent, modest climate‐driven erosion in the higher peaks of the western Hangay. These data reinforce the notion that in the absence of strong tectonic or climate forcing, erosion is limited and remnant landscapes can persist over tens to hundreds of millions of years in a state of disequilibrium.
Constructing of a Large-Scale Chinese-English Parallel Corpus

This paper describes the constructing of a large-scale (above 500,000 pair sentences) Chinese-English parallel corpus. The current status of Chinese corpora is overviewed with the emphasis on parallel corpus. The XML coding principles for Chinese--English parallel corpus are discussed. The sentence alignment algorithm used in this project is described with a computer-aided checking processing. Finally, we show the design of the concordance of the parallel corpus and the prospect to further development.
A discriminative parametric approach to video-based score-level fusion for biometric authentication

Video-based biometric systems are becoming feasible thanks to advancement in both algorithms and computation platforms. Such systems have many advantages: improved robustness to spoof attack, performance gain thanks to variance reduction, and increased data quality/resolution, among others. We investigate a discriminative video-based score-level fusion mechanism, which enables an existing biometric system to further harness the riches of temporarily sampled biometric data using a set of distribution descriptors. Our approach shows that higher order moments of the video scores contain discriminative information. To our best knowledge, this is the first time this higher order moment is reported to be effective in the score-level fusion literature. Experimental results based on face and speech unimodal systems, as well as multimodal fusion, show that our proposal can improve the performance over that of the standard fixed rule fusion strategies by as much as 50%.
SV-CIELAB: Video Quality Assessment using Spatio-Velocity Contrast Sensitivity Function

Due to the development and popularization of high-definition televisions, digital video cameras, Blu-ray discs, digital broadcasting, IP television and so on, it plays an important role to identify and quantify video quality degradations. In this paper, we propose SV-CIELAB which is an objective video quality assessment (VQA) method using a spatio-velocity contrast sensitivity function (SV-CSF). In SV-CIELAB, motion information in videos is effectively utilized for filtering unnecessary information in the spatial frequency domain. As the filter to apply videos, we used the SV-CSF. It is a modulation transfer function of the human visual system, and consists of the relationship among contrast sensitivities, spatial frequencies and velocities of perceived stimuli. In the filtering process, the SV-CSF cannot be directly applied in the spatial frequency domain because spatial coordinate information is required when using velocity information. For filtering by the SV-CSF, we obtain video frames separated in spatial frequency domain. By using velocity information, the separated frames with limited spatial frequencies are weighted by contrast sensitivities in the SV-CSF model. In SV-CIELAB, the criteria are obtained by calculating image differences between filtered original and distorted videos. For the validation of SV-CIELAB, subjective evaluation experiments were conducted. The subjective experimental results were compared with SV-CIELAB and the conventional VQA methods such as CIELAB color difference, Spatial-CIELAB, signal to noise ratio and so on. From the experimental results, it was shown that SV-CIELAB is a more efficient VQA method than the conventional methods.
Dynamic flux balance analysis of the metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the shift from fully respirative or respirofermentative metabolic states to anaerobiosis

Dynamic flux balance analysis was utilized to simulate the metabolic behaviour of initially fully respirative and respirofermentative steady‐state cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during sudden oxygen depletion. The hybrid model for the dynamic flux balance analysis included a stoichiometric genome‐scale metabolic model as a static part and dynamic equations for the uptake of glucose and the cessation of respirative metabolism. The yeast consensus genome‐scale metabolic model [Herrgård MJ et al. (2008) Nat Biotechnol26, 1155–1160; Dobson PD et al. (2010) BMC Syst Biol4, 145] was refined with respect to oxygen‐dependent energy metabolism and further modified to reflect S. cerevisiae anabolism in the absence of oxygen. Dynamic flux balance analysis captured well the essential features of the dynamic metabolic behaviour of S. cerevisiae during adaptation to anaerobiosis. Modelling and simulation enabled the identification of short time‐scale flux distribution dynamics under the transition to anaerobic metabolism, during which the specific growth rate was reduced, as well as longer time‐scale process dynamics when the specific growth rate recovered. Expression of the metabolic genes was set into the context of the identified dynamics. Metabolic gene expression responses associated with the specific growth rate and with the cessation of respirative metabolism were distinguished.
The Effects of EFL Learners’ Awareness and Retention in Learning Metaphoric and Metonymic Expressions

Cognitive linguists contend that learners’ awareness of motivations is the key in not only second language acquisition but also figurative language learning. Two cognitive-oriented methods are proposed to raise L2 learners’ awareness on metaphoric/metonymic expressions and to enhance retention: instruction involving conceptual metaphors (CM) and instruction involving metaphoric mappings (MM). The present study aims to examine their effectiveness in an EFL context. The results show favorable influences on learners’ awareness and retention, which confirm that cognitive-oriented instructions indeed can assist learners to make better sense of figurative language. Moreover, the instruction on metaphoric mappings seems to result in better awareness of expressions which involve more complicated and abstract mapping relationships. The findings of the study can shed light on the application of metaphor and metonymy to EFL teaching and learning of figurative language
Screening for At-Risk Alcohol Use in Older Adults: What Progress Have We Made?

About one in every seven Americans is an older adult (13.7%). Almost half (41.7%) of this population reported current alcohol use in 2013 with a little more than 1 in 10 (11.2%) reporting at-risk use of alcohol, placing them at risk for adverse consequences associated with alcohol use such as injury, use of alcohol-interactive medications, and use of alcohol contraindicated in other comorbid medical and psychiatric diagnoses, underlying the importance of having reliable and valid methods to screening for at-risk alcohol use in older adults. The question is, "are we making progress in this area? ". The purpose of this review is to present two publications, a decade apart, focused on systematically screening older adults to prevent or reduce the harms associated with alcohol use. In addition, this review includes an examination of the shift from focusing on identifying older adults with a possible alcohol use disorder to identifying alcohol-related health risks across the continuum of use in older adults.
Key Agreement over a Generalized Multiple Access Channel Using Noiseless and Noisy Feedback

A secret key agreement framework involving three users is considered in which each of the users 1 and 2 intends to share a secret key with user 3 and users 1 and 2 are eavesdroppers with respect to each other. There is a generalized discrete memoryless multiple access channel (GDMMAC) from users 1 and 2 to user 3 where the three users receive outputs from the channel. Furthermore, there is a feedback channel from user 3 to users 1 and 2 through which user 3 sends information extracted from the received output from the GDMMAC to increase the key rates. We consider both noiseless and noisy feedback. In the case of noiseless feedback, a public channel of unlimited capacity from user 3 to users 1 and 2 is used only once. In the case of noisy feedback, a noisy broadcast channel (BC) from user 3 to users 1 and 2 can be repeatedly used, like GDMMAC. In both setups, inner bounds of the secret key capacity region are derived. The secret key capacity region is derived in some special cases where the channel inputs and outputs form Markov chains in certain orders. For illustration, the corresponding results are also derived and discussed for Gaussian channels. The cases with noiseless feedback, noisy feedback, and no feedback at all are compared with each other.
Optimal Information-Theoretic Wireless Location Verification

We develop a new location verification system (LVS) focused on network-based intelligent transport systems (ITSs) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The system that we develop is based on an information-theoretic framework in which the mutual information between the system's input and output data is maximized. Our system takes as inputs a user's claimed location and base station (BS) received signal strength (RSS) measurements to form an optimal decision rule on the legitimacy of the claimed location. The scenario that we consider is where a noncolluding malicious user alters his transmit power in an attempt to fool the LVS. We develop a practical threat model for this attack scenario and investigate the performance of the LVS in terms of its input/output mutual information. We show how our LVS decision rule can be straightforwardly implemented with a performance that delivers near optimality under realistic threat conditions. The practical advantages that our new information-theoretic scheme delivers, relative to more traditional Bayesian verification frameworks, are discussed.
A first analysis of the effect of local and global optimization weights methods in the cooperative-competitive design of RBFN for imbalanced environments

Many real applications are composed of data sets where the distribution of the classes is significantly different. These data sets are commonly known as imbalanced data sets. Proposed approaches that address this problem can be categorized into two types: data-based, which resample problem data in a preprocessing phase and algorithm-based which modify or create new methods to address the imbalance problem. In this paper, CO2 RBFN a cooperative-competitive design method for Radial Basis Function Networks that has previously demonstrated a good behaviour tackling imbalanced data sets, is tested using two different training weights algorithms, local and global, in order to gain knowledge about this problem. As conclusions we can outline that a more global optimizer training algorithm obtains worse results.
DNA adducts as a measure of lung cancer risk in humans exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Workers in the coking, foundry, and aluminum industry can be exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are at increased risk for lung cancer, as are cigarette smokers. In recent years several studies on workers in the foundry and coking industries have been reported. In these studies, white blood cell(WBC) DNA was used for analysis of PAH-DNA adducts. Theoretically, DNA adduct formation is a more relevant biological parameter for assessing exposure risk than PAH in the work atmosphere, or the amount of a metabolite in the urine, because adduct levels reflect that part of the dose that escapes detoxification and binds to DNA. We analyzed WBC DNA from coke-oven workers and from workers in an aluminum production plant and demonstrated the presence of PAH-DNA adducts. Forty-seven percent of the coke-oven workers had detectable levels of PAH-DNA adducts in their WBC compared with 27% of the controls (p < 0.05), measured with ELISA. In both groups, smokers had significantly higher levels of PAH-DNA adducts than did nonsmokers. In the aluminum workers, no PAH-DNA adducts were detected by ELISA, although the benzo[a]pyrene concentrations in the work atmosphere were comparable to those of the coke-oven workers. The more sensitive 32P-postlabeling assay showed the presence of PAH-DNA adducts in 91% of the aluminum workers. There was no correlation of WBC adduct levels with the concentration of PAH in the work atmosphere. Recently we showed that total PAH-DNA adduct levels in WBC from lung cancer patients were much higher than those generally found in healthy smokers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular epidemiology of human Campylobacter jejuni shows association between seasonal and international patterns of disease

SUMMARY We sought to explain seasonality and other aspects of Campylobacter jejuni epidemiology by integrating population genetic and epidemiological analysis in a large 3-year longitudinal, two-centre, population-based study. Epidemiological information was collected for 1505 isolates, which were multilocus sequence-typed. Analyses compared pathogen population structure between areas, over time, and between clinical presentations. Pooled analysis was performed with published international datasets. Subtype association with virulence was not observed. UK sites had nearly identical C. jejuni populations. A clade formed by ST45 and ST283 clonal complexes showed a summer peak. This clade was common in a Finnish dataset but not in New Zealand and Australian collections, countries with less marked seasonality. The UK, New Zealand and Australian collections were otherwise similar. These findings map to known in-vitro differences of this clade. This identifies a target for studies to elucidate the drivers of the summer peak in human C. jejuni infection.
An Adaptive Reordered Method for Computing PageRank

We propose an adaptive reordered method to deal with the PageRank problem. It has been shown that one can reorder the hyperlink matrix of PageRank problem to calculate a reduced system and get the full PageRank vector through forward substitutions. This method can provide a speedup for calculating the PageRank vector. We observe that in the existing reordered method, the cost of the recursively reordering procedure could offset the computational reduction brought by minimizing the dimension of linear system. With this observation, we introduce an adaptive reordered method to accelerate the total calculation, in which we terminate the reordering procedure appropriately instead of reordering to the end. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of this adaptive reordered method.
Intravenous IgA complexed with antigen reduces primary antibody response to the antigen and anaphylaxis upon antigen re-exposure by inhibiting Th1 and Th2 activation in mice

Abstract Context: Serum IgG, IgE and IgM have been shown to enhance the primary antibody responses upon exposure to the soluble antigens recognized by those antibodies. However, how IgA affects these responses remains unknown. Objective: We investigated the effects of intravenously administered monoclonal IgA on the immune responses in mice. Materials and methods: DBA/1J mice were immunized with ovalbumin in the presence or absence of anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgA. The Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin and the anaphylaxis induced by re-exposure to ovalbumin were measured. Results: IgA complexed with antigen attenuated the primary antibody responses to the antigen in mice, in contrast to IgG2b and IgE. The primary antibody responses, i.e. the de novo synthesis of anti-ovalbumin IgG2a, IgG1 and IgE in the serum, and the subsequent anaphylaxis induced with re-exposure to ovalbumin were reduced by the co-injection of anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgA at ovalbumin immunization. The Th1, Th2 and Tr1 cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, respectively, released from ovalbumin-restimulated cultured splenocytes collected from allergic mice were also reduced by the treatment. The induction of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 secretion by splenocytes from ovalbumin-immunized mice stimulated in vitro with ovalbumin was also significantly reduced by the antigen complexed with anti-ovalbumin IgA. Conclusion: These data suggest that the direct inhibition of Th1 and Th2 activation by anti-ovalbumin monoclonal IgA participates in the inhibition of the primary antibody responses. IgA plays important immunosuppressive roles under physiological and pathological conditions and is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of immune disorders.