Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations of plasmas in the Jovian magnetosphere

Large intensities of low-energy protons were observed deep within the Jovian magnetosphere with the plasma instrumentation on Pioneer 10 during the encounter of this space probe with Jupiter. The energy range of the electrostatic analyzer was 108 eV to 4.80 keV during encounter. Inside the flux tubes of the Galilean moon lo is a ''plasmasphere'' of protons with relatively high densities, 100/cu cm, extending toward the planet to at least 2.8 R sub J. The characteristic thermal energies of these protons are about 100 eV. The flux tubes of lo are positioned on a severe decrease of these densities with increasing Jovicentric radial distances-a plasmapause. The relationship of lo to this plasmapause is quite likely to be fundamental to the lo-modulation of decametric radio emissions. The proton densities in the vicinity of lo are also sufficiently high to limit the azimuthal extent of the partial torus of hydrogen gas from lo by the mechanism of charge exchange. At greater distances, beyond the plasmapause, is found a great torus of plasma encircling Jupiter with densities in the range 10 to 15 per cu cm and thermal energies about 400 eV. The moon Europa is embedded in this torus, or ''ring current. ''more » This ring current is extended into a thin plasma disc at greater radial distances. (auth)« less
THE DISCOVERY OF UNUSUAL ECLIPSES IN THE LIGHT CURVES OF THE CLASSICAL NOVAE DO AQUILAE AND V849 OPHIUCHI

Time-resolved photometric observations of the classical novae DO Aql and V849 Oph have been obtained using the Mount Laguna Obervatory CCD photometer. The data reveal that both systems are eclipsing. A total of 6 eclipses were obtained for DO Aql and 4 for V849 Oph, allowing us to determine orbital periods of 0.1677624 day and 0.1727553 day, respecitvely. The eclipse profiles of both systems are asymmetric and are relatively shallow: ~0.5 mag in the case of DO Aql and ~1 mag for V849 Oph. The shallow DO aql eclipse suggests that the white dwarf and the inner disk are never occulted. Interestingly, the eclipse profiles of both systems show broad and shallow depressions or "dips" immediately preceding eclipse. The phasing of htese depressions suggests obscuration of the central region of the disk by a thickened disk rim in the vicinity of the bright spot, or by stream overshoot, or both.
Climatic Equilibrium of the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer over a Tropical Ocean

Abstract A one-dimensional thermodynamic model for a partially mixed, partly cloudy, convective boundary layer (CBL) is coupled to a radiation model to compute equilibrium solutions for a tropical CBL and troposphere in energy balance over the ocean. For a sea surface temperature (SST) of 300 K, the model gives an equilibrium cloud base ≈ 950 mb, a CBL top ≈ 800 mb and a low level θe ≈ 347 K, close to climatic values. The CBL deepens and low level θe rises with increasing wind speed and SST. We explore the change in CBL structure and surface fluxes with external parameters on three timescales; namely, the CBL (∼1 day); the tropospheric radiative equilibrium (∼10 days); and the oceanic thermal equilibrium (>100 days). The variation in cloud top decreases with greater coupling to atmosphere and ocean. The slope of the latent heat flux with increasing SST decreases with more tropospheric coupling, and reverse sign with a coupled ocean. This simplified model gives an increase of tropical SST with a doubling o.
Synchronisation of complex networks via partial contraction principle

Based on partial contraction principle, we study the complete synchronisation for approximately globally coupled networks (almost all nodes are connected). By contraction for a system, we mean that initial conditions or temporary disturbances are forgotten exponentially fast, so that all trajectories of this system converge to a unique trajectory. We identify the region of coupling strength required for achieving synchronisation for these networks without using the eigenvalues of their coupling matrices. Avoiding the computation of the eigenvalues of coupling matrix, this method becomes more effective as to studying the problem of synchronisation for that kinds of network than most other approaches. Numerical examples verify the efficiency of this method.
Clinicopathological and predictive value of MAIT cells in non-small cell lung cancer for immunotherapy

Background Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain ineffective in a large group of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a population of unconventional innate-like T lymphocytes abundant in the human body, play important roles in human malignancies. Little is known about the immune characteristics of MAIT cells in NSCLC and correlation with prognosis and response rate of ICIs treatment. Methods To investigate the distribution, activation status, and function of MAIT cells in NSCLC patients and their correlations with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, MAIT cells in peripheral blood, tumor and paratumor samples from NSCLC patients with or without anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were analyzed using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing. Results MAIT cells were enriched in the tumor lesions of NSCLC patients migrating from peripheral blood via the CCR6-CCL20 axis. Both peripheral and tumor-infiltrating MAIT cells displayed an exhausted phenotype with upregulated PD-1, TIM-3, and IL-17A while less IFN-γ. Anti-PD-1 therapy reversed the function of circulating MAIT cells with higher expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B. Subcluster MAIT-17s (defined as cells highly expressing exhausted and Th17-related genes) mainly infiltrated in the non-responsive tissues, while the subcluster MAIT-IFNGRs (cells expressing genes related to cytotoxic function) were mainly enriched in responsive tissues. Moreover, we found predictive value of circulating MAIT cells for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. Conclusions MAIT cells shifted to an exhausted tumor-promoting phenotype in NSCLC patients and the circulating MAIT subset could be a predictor for patients who respond to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Design and fabrication of biodegradable electrospun nanofibers loaded with biocidal agents

Abstract Electrospinning, a versatile nanofiber processing technique, has acquired considerable attention over conventional nanofiber fabrication methods owing to its inherent advantages, such as reasonable control over fiber dimensions, scalability, process convenience, and applicability towards an extensive array of materials. Electrospun biodegradable polymer nanofibers based on Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-β-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Polycaprolactone (PCL), and Polylactic acid (PLA) incorporating various biocidal agents for biomedical applications which embodies tissue engineering scaffolds, wound dressing and drug delivery would be addressed here. This review also provides an insight into computational studies of polymers loaded with nanoparticles to examine the interaction studies between them. Graphical Abstract
DINF: Dynamic Instance Noise Filter for Occluded Pedestrian Detection

Occlusion issue is the biggest challenge in pedestrian detection. RCNN-based detectors extract instance features by cropping rectangle regions of interest in the feature maps. However, the visible pixels of the occluded objects are limited, making the rectangle instance feature mixed with a lot of instance-irrelevant noise information. Besides, by counting the number of instances with different degrees of overlap of CrowdHuman dataset, we find that the number of severely overlapping objects and the number of slightly overlapping objects are unbalanced, which may exacerbate the challenges posed by occlusion issues. Regarding to the noise issue, from the perspective of denoising, an iterable dynamic instance noise filter (DINF) is proposed for the RCNN-based pedestrian detectors to improve the signal-noise ratio of the instance feature. Simulating the wavelet denoising process, we use the instance feature vector to generate dynamic convolutional kernels to transform the RoIs features to a domain in which the near-zero values represent the noise information. Then, soft thresholding with channel-wise adaptive thresholds is applied to convert the near-zero values to zero to filter out noise information. For the imbalance issue, we propose an IoU-Focal factor (IFF) to modulate the contributions of the well-regressed boxes and the bad-regressed boxes to the loss in the training process, paying more attention to the minority severely overlapping objects. Extensive experiments conducted on CrowdHuman and CityPersons demonstrate that our methods can help RCNN-based pedestrian detectors achieve state-of-the-art performance.
Crystallography of SiP and SiAs Single Crystals and of SiP Precipitates in Si

Transmission electron microscope examinations of silicon single crystals, phosphorus‐diffused at low temperatures from anodic oxide films as phosphorus sources, showed the presence of crystallographically oriented precipitate. X‐ray and electron diffraction investigations of SiP and SiAs single crystals prepared by a vapor‐growth method revealed the orthorhombic crystal structure of the as‐grown compounds. Using these structure data, the precipitate in the diffused silicon could be identified by electron diffraction as SiP. The orientation relationship SiP‐precipitate/Si‐matrix was determined.
Observed high‐latitude GNSS disturbances during a less‐than‐minor geomagnetic storm

This paper presents the effects of a weak geomagnetic storm event on 17 January 2013. While the Kp index reached a maximum of only 4, this event still caused severe disturbances for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)‐based positioning services at high latitudes. We present data from the Norwegian Mapping Authority's Real Time Ionospheric Monitor, based on a dense network of geodetic receivers and scintillation indices from scintillation receivers located in Norway. In northern parts of Norway, the centimeter positioning service was severely disturbed for hours. Service‐monitoring measurements showed that the effect was significantly worse for a receiver far away from the nearest network reference station.
An IoT-based smart mosquito trap system embedded with real-time mosquito image processing by neural networks for mosquito surveillance

An essential aspect of controlling and preventing mosquito-borne diseases is to reduce mosquitoes that carry viruses. We designed a smart mosquito trap system to reduce the density of mosquito vectors and the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. This smart trap uses computer vision technology and deep learning networks to identify features of live Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in real-time. A unique mechanical design based on the rotation concept is also proposed and implemented to capture specific living mosquitoes into the corresponding chambers successfully. Moreover, this system is equipped with sensors to detect environmental data, such as CO2 concentration, temperature, and humidity. We successfully demonstrated the implementation of such a tool and paired it with a reliable capture mechanism for live mosquitos without destroying important morphological features. The neural network achieved 91.57% accuracy with test set images. When the trap prototype was applied in a tent, the accuracy rate in distinguishing live Ae. aegypti was 92%, with a capture rate reaching 44%. When the prototype was placed into a BG trap to produce a smart mosquito trap, it achieved a 97% recognition rate and a 67% catch rate when placed in the tent. In a simulated living room, the recognition and capture rates were 90% and 49%, respectively. This smart trap correctly differentiated between Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, and may also help control mosquito-borne diseases and predict their possible outbreak.
The evolutionary origin of psychosis

Imagination, the driving force of creativity, and primary psychosis are human-specific, since we do not observe behaviors in other species that would convincingly suggest they possess the same traits. Both these traits have been linked to the function of the prefrontal cortex, which is the most evolutionarily novel region of the human brain. A number of evolutionarily novel genetic and epigenetic changes that determine the human brain-specific structure and function have been discovered in recent years. Among them are genomic loci subjected to increased rates of single nucleotide substitutions in humans, called human accelerated regions. These mostly regulatory regions are involved in brain development and sometimes contain genetic variants that confer a risk for schizophrenia. On the other hand, neuroimaging data suggest that mind wandering and related phenomena (as a proxy of imagination) are in many ways similar to rapid eye movement dreaming, a function also present in non-human species. Furthermore, both functions are similar to psychosis in several ways: for example, the same brain areas are activated both in dreams and visual hallucinations. In the present Perspective we hypothesize that imagination is an evolutionary adaptation of dreaming, while primary psychosis results from deficient control by higher-order brain areas over imagination. In the light of this, human accelerated regions might be one of the key drivers in evolution of human imagination and the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders.
Copper toxicity compromises root acquisition of nitrate in the high affinity range

The application of copper (Cu)-based fungicides for crop protection plans has led to a high accumulation of Cu in soils, especially in vineyards. Copper is indeed an essential micronutrient for plants, but relatively high concentrations in soil or other growth substrates may cause toxicity phenomena, such as alteration of the plant’s growth and disturbance in the acquisition of mineral nutrients. This last aspect might be particularly relevant in the case of nitrate ( NO 3 − ) , whose acquisition in plants is finely regulated through the transcriptional regulation of NO 3 − transporters and plasma membrane H+-ATPase in response to the available concentration of the nutrient. In this study, cucumber plants were grown hydroponically and exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu (i.e., 0.2, 5, 20, 30, and 50 µM) to investigate their ability to respond to and acquire NO 3 − . To this end, the kinetics of substrate uptake and the transcriptional modulation of the molecular entities involved in the process have been assessed. Results showed that the inducibility of the high-affinity transport system was significantly affected by increasing Cu concentrations; at Cu levels higher than 20 µM, plants demonstrated either strongly reduced or abolished NO 3 − uptake activity. Nevertheless, the transcriptional modulation of both the nitrate transporter CsNRT2.1 and the accessory protein CsNRT3.1 was not coherent with the hindered NO 3 − uptake activity. On the contrary, CsHA2 was downregulated, thus suggesting that a possible impairment in the generation of the proton gradient across the root PM could be the cause of the abolishment of NO 3 − uptake.
YAP-mediated mechanotransduction in urinary bladder remodeling: Based on RNA-seq and CUT&Tag

Yes-associated protein (YAP) is an important transcriptional coactivator binding to transcriptional factors that engage in many downstream gene transcription. Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) causes a massive burden to patients and finally leads to bladder fibrosis. Several cell types engage in the pBOO pathological process, including urothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. To clarify the function of YAP in bladder fibrosis, we performed the RNA-seq and CUT&Tag of the bladder smooth muscle cell to analyze the YAP ablation of human bladder smooth muscle cells (hBdSMCs) and immunoprecipitation of YAP. 141 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through RNA-seq between YAP-knockdown and nature control. After matching with the results of CUT&Tag, 36 genes were regulated directly by YAP. Then we identified the hub genes in the DEGs, including CDCA5, CENPA, DTL, NCAPH, and NEIL3, that contribute to cell proliferation. Thus, our study provides a regulatory network of YAP in smooth muscle proliferation. The possible effects of YAP on hBdSMC might be a vital target for pBOO-associated bladder fibrosis.
Population pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual combination in Chinese healthy volunteers and patients with opioid use disorder: Model-based dose optimization

The sublingual combination of buprenorphine (BUP) and naloxone (NLX) is a new treatment option for opioid use disorder (OUD) and is effective in preventing drug abuse. This study aimed to explore rational dosing regimen for OUD patients in China via a model-based dose optimization approach. BUP, norbuprenorphine (norBUP), and NLX plasma concentrations of 34 healthy volunteers and 12 OUD subjects after single or repeated dosing were included. A parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetics (popPK) model with transit compartments for absorption was implemented to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of BUP-norBUP. In addition, NLX concentrations were well captured by a one-compartment popPK model. Covariate analysis showed that every additional swallow after the administration within the observed range (0–12) resulted in a 3.5% reduction in BUP bioavailability. This provides a possible reason for the less-than-dose proportionality of BUP. There were no differences in the pharmacokinetic characteristics between BUP or NLX in healthy volunteers and OUD subjects. Ethnic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the dose-normalized peak concentration and area-under-the-curve of BUP in Chinese were about half of Puerto Ricans, which was consistent with a higher clearance observed in Chinese (166 L / h vs. 270 L / h ). Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations showed that an 8 mg three-times daily dose was the optimized regimen for Chinese OUD subjects. This regimen ensured that opioid receptor occupancy remained at a maximum (70%) in more than 95% of subjects, at the same time, with NLX plasma concentrations below the withdrawal reaction threshold (4.6 n g / m L ).
The role of predicted lean body mass and fat mass in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both sexes: Results from a secondary analysis of the NAGALA study

Objective High body mass index (BMI) is an important risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association of body composition such as fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) with NAFLD has not been adequately studied. The purpose of this study was to clarify the contribution of body composition FM and LBM to NAFLD. Methods We analyzed data from 7,411 men and 6,840 women in the NAGALA cohort study. LBM and FM were estimated for all subjects using validated anthropometric prediction equations previously developed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) to analyze the association and the dose-response curve of predicted LBM and FM with NAFLD in both sexes. Results The prevalence of NAFLD in man and woman subjects was 27.37 and 6.99%, respectively. Predicted FM was positively and linearly associated with NAFLD in both sexes, with each 1 kg increase in predicted FM associated with a 27 and 40% increased risk of NAFLD in men and women, respectively. In contrast, predicted LBM was negatively associated with NAFLD in both sexes, with each 1 kg increase in predicted LBM reducing the risk of NAFLD by 4 and 19% in men and women, respectively. In addition, according to the RCS curve, the risk of NAFLD did not change in men when the predicted LBM was between 47 and 52 kg, and there seemed to be a saturation effect; further, the threshold value of the saturation effect was calculated to be about 52.08 kg by two-piecewise logistic regression, and the protective effect on NAFLD would be significantly enhanced when the man predicted LBM was greater than 52.08 kg. Conclusion The current findings suggested that body composition LBM and FM had opposite associations with NAFLD in both sexes, with higher LBM associated with a lower risk of NAFLD and higher FM increasing the risk of NAFLD, especially in women.
Functional and postoperative outcomes after high-intensity interval training in lung cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective The study evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on postoperative complications and lung function in patients with lung cancer compared to usual care. Methods We searched electronic databases in April 2022, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Two authors independently applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess the quality of RCTs. The postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, and cardiopulmonary functions from the studies were pooled for statistical analysis. Results A total of 12 randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion and were conducted in the meta-analysis. HIIT significantly increased VO2peak (MD = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.70 to 3.60; I2 = 40%; P <0.001) and FEV1 (MD = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.20; I2 = 51%; P = 0.003) compared with usual care. A subgroup analysis of studies that applied HIIT perioperatively showed significant improvement of HIIT on FEV1 (MD = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.20; I2 = 36%; P <0.0001). HIIT significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative atelectasis in lung cancer patients compared with usual care (RD = −0.16; 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.08; I2 = 24%; P <0.0001). There was no statistically significant effect of HIIT on postoperative arrhythmias (RD = −0.05; 95% CI = −0.13 to 0.03; I2 = 40%; P = 0.22), length of hospitalization (MD = −1.64; 95% CI = −3.29 to 0.01; P = 0.05), and the six-minute walk test (MD = 19.77; 95% CI = −15.25 to 54.80; P = 0.27) compared to usual care. Conclusion HIIT may enhance VO2peak and FEV1 in lung cancer patients and reduce the incidence of postoperative atelectasis. However, HIIT may not reduce the incidence of postoperative arrhythmia, shorten the length of hospitalization, or improve the exercise performance of patients with lung cancer. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, CRD42022335441
Recent progress in understanding the interaction between ENSO and the East Asian winter monsoon: A review

This paper reviews recent advances in understanding the interaction between the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The achievements are summarized into two aspects: 1) the impacts of ENSO on the EAWM, and 2) effects of the EAWM on ENSO. For the first aspect, the results show that: the current climate model simulations of ENSO impacts on the EAWM have a common weaker bias than in the observations; The influence of central Pacific type ENSO on the EAWM is generally weaker than that of the eastern Pacific type ENSO; The precipitation anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean tend to contribute to the intra-seasonal transition of ENSO teleconnection over East Asia; The ENSO-EAWM relationship is unstable and subject to non-linear modulation by the state of oceans and extratropical atmospheric phenomena, which include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation. Regarding the second aspect, studies have shown that the “pure” EAWM (denoted as EAWMres), which is independent of the ENSO signal, can lead to significant variations in the tropical convection over the western Pacific, the local Hadley circulation over East Asia, and the Walker circulation over the equatorial latitudes; The CMIP6 models can preproduce the above EAWMres effects well, although with some weaker bias. The changes in tropical convection and extratropical zonal flow associated with the EAWMres tend to have a significant modulating effect on the ENSO atmospheric teleconnection over North America. A strong EAWM and a strong Australian summer monsoon coherently provide favorable conditions for the onset of El Niño.