Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Many Antenna Arrays Are Dense Enough in Massive MIMO Systems

In this paper, we study multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with a large number of antennas at a base station serving a number of users in a cell. The antennas at the base station are assembled into multiple antenna arrays (MAA), which are well separated to keep independence between the arrays, but in each array, antennas are densely installed. The MAA can be viewed as a flexible configuration of multiple antennas to reduce the space for installing the antennas and benefit from beamforming. In order to determine how dense the MAA can be designed, we define antenna area efficiency, that is the ratio of the achievable rate and the 2-D space required for installing the antennas. Then, we analyze the achievable rate of the massive MIMO system with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> uplink users and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $NM$</tex-math></inline-formula> antenna elements at the base station placed in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> square arrays and each array having <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt{M}\times \sqrt{M}$</tex-math></inline-formula> antennas densely deployed. Specifically, the analytical uplink sum rate is first derived. Then, the sum rate in the low-SNR and high-SNR regimes is studied. A case study is provided to show how dense MAA can be designed in a massive MIMO system. Our analytical and simulations results show that, for ten users in low SNR, a single dense antenna array with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11\times 11$</tex-math></inline-formula> antennas in a square requires only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/200$</tex-math></inline-formula> of the area of conventional 100 independent antennas to achieve the same rate. For ten users in high SNR, we find that two <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times 8$</tex-math></inline-formula> square arrays can achieve the highest antenna area efficiency in comparison with one <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16\times 16$</tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array, four <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5\times 5$</tex-math></inline-formula> antenna arrays, and 100 independent antennas.
Estudio de la influencia de incorporar conocimiento léxico-semántico a la técnica de Análisis de Componentes Principales para la generación de resúmenes multilingües

The objective of automatic text summarization is to reduce the dimension of a text keeping the relevant information. In this paper we analyse and apply the language-independent Principal Component Analysis technique for generating extractive single-document multilingual summaries. This technique will be studied to evaluate its performance with and without adding lexical-semantic knowledge through language-dependent resources and tools. Experiments were conducted using two different corpora: newswire and Wikipedia articles in three languages (English, German and Spanish) to validate the use of this technique in several scenarios. The proposed approaches show very competitive results compared to multilingual available systems, indicating that, although there is still room for improvement with respect to the technique and the type of knowledge to be taken into consideration, this has great potential for being applied in other contexts and for other languages.
Evolving Comparative Advantage and the Impact of Climate Change in Agricultural Markets: Evidence from 1.7 Million Fields around the World

A large agronomic literature models the implications of climate change for a variety of crops and locations around the world. The goal of the present paper is to quantify the macro-level consequences of these micro-level shocks. Using an extremely rich micro-level data set that contains information about the productivity—both before and after climate change—of each of 10 crops for each of 1.7 million fields covering the surface of the earth, we find that the impact of climate change on these agricultural markets would amount to a 0.26 percent reduction in global GDP when trade and production patterns are allowed to adjust. Since the value of output in our 10 crops is equal to 1.8 percent of world GDP, this corresponds to about one-sixth of total crop value.
Genome-wide association study identifies loci on 12q24 and 13q32 associated with Tetralogy of Fallot

We conducted a genome-wide association study to search for risk alleles associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), using a northern European discovery set of 835 cases and 5159 controls. A region on chromosome 12q24 was associated (P = 1.4 × 10−7) and replicated convincingly (P = 3.9 × 10−5) in 798 cases and 2931 controls [per allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.27 in replication cohort, P = 7.7 × 10−11 in combined populations]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the glypican 5 gene on chromosome 13q32 were also associated (P = 1.7 × 10−7) and replicated convincingly (P = 1.2 × 10−5) in 789 cases and 2927 controls (per allele OR = 1.31 in replication cohort, P = 3.03 × 10−11 in combined populations). Four additional regions on chromosomes 10, 15 and 16 showed suggestive association accompanied by nominal replication. This study, the first genome-wide association study of a congenital heart malformation phenotype, provides evidence that common genetic variation influences the risk of TOF.
Manufacturing and Electrical Characterization of MOS Devices of Ultrathin Silicon Dioxide Layer

Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor–MOS devices presented here with thermally grown oxide layer of 3.045. 92 nm thick were fabricated using p-type Si substrate. Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) characteristics in frequency range of 10 kHz-100 kHz between 22 and 100 °C were measured in darkness. Current-voltage (I-V) was measured at Troom in darkness. C-V and G/ω-V at various frequencies revealed the energy distribution of MOS interface states. Current transport mechanisms in the device were studied and the I-V was generally characterised by Fowler-Nordheim and direct tunnel mechanisms of current carriers transport. Interface state density, flat-band voltages and frequency dispersion were extracted from C-V measurements. The frequency dispersion indicates the presence of either interface traps or laterally inhomogeneous distribution of defect centres near Si/SiO2 interface. The concentration of charged defects and their location at Si/SiO2 interface were calculated from frequency characterization. Small densities of interface traps < 2×10 11 eV -1 cm -2 show that SiO2-Si interface has reliable qualities and its oxide may find applications in CMOS as dielectric gates. C-V of sample of dox = 4.14 nm was used to calculate at (22, 30, 50, 75, 100°C) the capacitance in accumulation mode, interface charge density, flat band voltage, threshold voltage and density of interface traps (in minimum position), Dit,= 0.3×10 11 -1×10 11 cm. G/ω-V characteristics at Troom for sample of dox = 4.14 nm at 10 kHz, 50 kHz and 100 kHz were obtained. C-V of all 4 samples at Troom was also used to calculate the mentioned oxide properties. Original Research Article Saad; PSIJ, 20(1): 1-11, 2018; Article no.PSIJ. 44368 2 Two samples of dox = 3.04 nm and 4.14 nm were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique and evaluation of Si 2p peak was obtained for dox = 3.04 nm. Exact SiO2 thickness for all samples was measured by an ellipsometer.
Progress towards double-junction InGaN solar cell

In this work we study the carrier population dynamics in an AlGaAs p-i-n single junction solar cell with 10 layers of InAs quantum dots (QDs) in the i-region. Light management and band engineering technics were used to optimize intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs) operation. The IBSC operations are investigated through quantitative luminescence based characterization methods based on photoluminescence spectra recorded in absolute values and two-color excitation. The results show that the sample is compatible with the IBSC operations at room temperature.
Effect of Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation on Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials to Bone-Conducted Vibration

Objective Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) delivered as zero-mean current noise (noisy GVS) has been shown to improve static and dynamic postural stability probably by enhancing vestibular information. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an imperceptible level noisy GVS on ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) in response to bone-conducted vibration (BCV). Materials and methods oVEMPs to BCV were measured during the application of white noise GVS with an amplitude ranging from 0 to 300 µA [in root mean square (RMS)] in 20 healthy subjects. Artifacts in the oVEMPs caused by GVS were reduced by inverting the waveforms of noisy GVS in the later half of the stimulus from the one in the early half. We examined the amplitudes of N1 and N1–P1 and their latencies. Results Noisy GVS significantly increased the N1 and N1–P1 amplitudes (p < 0.05) whereas it had no significant effects on N1 or P1 latencies (p > 0.05). Noisy GVS had facilitatory effects in 79% of ears. The amplitude of the optimal stimulus was 127 ± 14 µA, and it increased the N1 and N1–P1 amplitude by 75.9 ± 15% and 47.7 ± 9.1%, respectively, as compared with 0 µA session (p < 0.05). Conclusion Noisy GVS can increase the amplitude of oVEMPs to BCV in healthy subjects probably via stochastic resonance. The results of the present study suggest that noisy GVS may improve static and dynamic postural stability by enhancing the function of the vestibular afferents.
Examining the effectiveness of consuming flour made from agronomically biofortified wheat (Zincol-2016/NR-421) for improving Zn status in women in a low-resource setting in Pakistan: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, controlled cross-over trial (BiZiFED)

Introduction Dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global problem, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries where access to rich, animal-source foods of Zn is limited due to poverty. In Pakistan, Zn deficiency affects over 40% of the adult female population, resulting in suboptimal immune status and increased likelihood of complications during pregnancy. Methods and analysis We are conducting a double-blind, randomised controlled feeding study with cross-over design in a low-resource setting in Pakistan. Households were provided with flour milled from genetically and agronomically biofortified grain (Zincol-2016/NR-421) or control grain (Galaxy-2013). Fifty households were recruited. Each household included a woman aged 16–49 years who is neither pregnant nor breastfeeding, and not currently consuming nutritional supplements. These women were the primary study participants. All households were provided with control flour for an initial 2-week baseline period, followed by an 8-week intervention period where 25 households receive biofortified flour (group A) and 25 households receive control flour (group B). After this 8-week period, groups A and B crossed over, receiving control and biofortified flour respectively for 8 weeks. Tissue (blood, hair and nails) have been collected from the women at five time points: baseline, middle and end of period 1, and middle and end of period 2. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was granted from the lead university (reference no. STEMH 697 FR) and the collaborating institution in Pakistan. The final study methods (including any modifications) will be published in peer-reviewed journals, alongside the study outcomes on completion of the data analysis. In addition, findings will be disseminated to the scientific community via conference presentations and abstracts and communicated to the study participants through the village elders at an appropriate community forum. Registration details The trial has been registered with the ISRCTN registry, study ID ISRCTN83678069.
Latent Structure in Collaboration: the Case of Reddit r/place

Many Web platforms rely on user collaboration to generate high-quality content: Wiki, Q\&A communities, etc. Understanding and modeling the different collaborative behaviors is therefore critical. However, collaboration patterns are difficult to capture when the relationships between users are not directly observable, since they need to be inferred from the user actions. In this work, we propose a solution to this problem by adopting a systemic view of collaboration. Rather than modeling the users as independent actors in the system, we capture their coordinated actions with embedding methods which can, in turn, identify shared objectives and predict future user actions. To validate our approach, we perform a study on a dataset comprising more than 16M user actions, recorded on the online collaborative sandbox Reddit r/place. Participants had access to a drawing canvas where they could change the color of one pixel at every fixed time interval. Users were not grouped in teams nor were given any specific goals, yet they organized themselves into a cohesive social fabric and collaborated to the creation of a multitude of artworks. Our contribution in this paper is multi-fold: i) we perform an in-depth analysis of the Reddit r/place collaborative sandbox, extracting insights about its evolution over time; ii) we propose a predictive method that captures the latent structure of the emergent collaborative efforts; and iii) we show that our method provides an interpretable representation of the social structure.
Cable-Based Robotic Crane (CBRC): Design and Implementation of Overhead Traveling Cranes Based on Variable Radius Drums

In this paper, we present a new family of overhead traveling cranes based on variable radius drums (VRDs), called cable-based robotic cranes (CBRCs). A VRD is characterized by the variation of the spool radius along its profile. This kind of device is used, in this context, for the development of a cable-robot, which can support and move a load through a planar working area with just two degrees of freedom. First we present the kinematic analysis and the synthesis of the geometry of a VRD profile. Then, the schema of a bidimensional horizontal moving mechanism, based on the VRD theory, and an experimental prototype of a three-dimensional CBRC are presented. The features of this wire-based overhead crane and an analysis of cables tensions are discussed. Finally, the performance of this mechanism is evaluated, demonstrating a deviation between the end-effector and the nominal planar surface of less than $1 \%$ throughout the whole working area.
Pancreatic Beta Cell Death: Novel Potential Mechanisms in Diabetes Therapy

Purpose of Review Describing the diverse molecular mechanisms (particularly immunological) involved in the death of the pancreatic beta cell in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent Findings Beta cell death is the final event in a series of mechanisms that, up to date, have not been entirely clarified; it represents the pathophysiological mechanism in the natural history of diabetes mellitus. These mechanisms are not limited to an apoptotic process only, which is characteristic of the immune-mediated insulitis in type 1 diabetes mellitus. They also include the action of proinflammatory cytokines, the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation (typical of necroptosis in type 1 diabetic patients), excessive production of islet amyloid polypeptide with the consequent endoplasmic reticulum stress, disruption in autophagy mechanisms, and protein complex formation, such as the inflammasome, capable of increasing oxidative stress produced by mitochondrial damage. Summary Necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis are molecular mechanisms that modulate the survival of the pancreatic beta cell, demonstrating the importance of the immune system in glucolipotoxicity processes and the potential role for immunometabolism as another component of what once known as the “ominous octet. ”
A Social-Based DTN Routing in Cooperative Vehicular Sensor Networks

As a cooperative information system, vehicles in Vehicular Sensor Networks deliver messages based on collaboration. Due to the high speed of vehicles, the topology of the network is highly dynamic, and the network may be disconnected frequently. So how to transfer large files in such network is worth considering. The encountering nodes which never meet before flood messages blindly cause tremendous network overhead. We address this challenge by introducing the Encounter Utility Rank Router (EURR) based on social metrics. EURR includes three cases: Utility Replication Strategy, Lifetime Replication Strategy and SocialRank Replication Strategy. The Lifetime Replication is promising and complements Utility Replication. It enhances the delivery ratio by relaying the copy via the remaining lifetime. Considering the network overhead, the SocialRank Replication replicates a copy according to the SocialRank when two communicating nodes have not met before. The routing mechanism explores the utility of history enc.
Neurofilament deficiency in quail caused by nonsense mutation in neurofilament-L gene

The existence of a neurofilament-deficient mutant of Japanese quail was recently documented (Yamasaki, H., C. Itakura, and M. Mizutani. 1991. Acta Neuropathol. 82:427-434), but the genetic events leading to the neurofilament deficiency have yet to be determined. Our molecular biological analyses revealed that the expression of neurofilament-L (NF- L) gene was specifically repressed in neurons of this mutant. To search for mutation(s) responsible for the shutdown of this gene expression, we cloned and sequenced the NF-L genes in the wild-type and mutant quails. It is eventually found that the NF-L gene in the mutant includes a nonsense mutation at the deduced amino acid residue 114, indicating that the mutant is incapable of producing even a trace amount of polymerization-competent NF-L protein at any situation. The identification of this nonsense mutation provides us with a solid basis on which molecular mechanisms underlying the alteration in the neuronal cytoskeletal architecture in the mutant should be interpreted.
Revisiting Atrioventricular Nodal Ablation and Cardiac Pacing of Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient with Dextrocardia

Patient: Female, 77 Final Diagnosis: Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy Symptoms: Shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Poorly controlled ventricular rate associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) leads to tachycardia-induced left ventricular dysfunction. Atrioventricular (AV) nodal ablation and cardiac pacing is the standard of care in refractory congestive heart failure (CHF) due to AF with moderate to rapid ventricular response that failed conventional medical therapy. If the patient is not a candidate for AF ablation with pulmonary vein isolation and elimination of AF foci, this is an effective approach, but it does have some challenges when done in a patient with dextrocardia and situs inversus. Case Report: Our patient was a 77-year-old woman with dextrocardia and situs inversus, with a history of permanent AF due to severe coronary artery disease (CAD), who suffered from recurrent CHF exacerbations from permanent AF with moderate to rapid ventricular response with underlying hypertensive cardiovascular disease. She was a poor candidate for pulmonary vein isolation because of her permanent AF status and high risk of recurrence. She underwent a technically challenging AV nodal ablation with cardiac pacing due to the complex anatomy, with drastic improvement of symptoms within the next 24 h. Conclusions: AV nodal ablation with cardiac pacing is the standard of care in patients with refractory AF with moderate to rapid ventricular response who have failed medical therapy and are not candidates for pulmonary vein isolation.
A tracking algorithm of speaker direction using microphones located at vertices of equilateral-triangle

In this paper, we propose a tracking algorithm of speaker direction using microphones located at vertices of an equilateral triangle. The method realizes tracking by minimizing a performance index that consists of the cross spectra at three different microphone pairs in the triangular array. For guaranteeing global convergence to the correct direction with accuracy, we use the steepest descent method with the weighted cross spectra at harmonic frequencies of voiced sound. During the adaptation, the weights are altered depending on the convergence state. Through some computer simulation and experiments in a real acoustic environment, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence

The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. This observation contrasts with that reported in C. albicans. Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans.