Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language of Advertisements in Contemporary Russian Women’s Magazines: Value Orientations in Krest’ianka, Karavan istorii, and Samaia

Abstract Over two decades after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia continues to be a society in transition where local and global values still tend to conflict with each other. This article focuses on value appeals in the advertising discourse of the contemporary Russian women’s magazines Krest’ianka [Peasant Woman], Karavan istorii [Caravan of Stories] and Samaia [The Most]. Advertising appeals are analyzed from the perspective of individualism and collectivism. These are respectively associated with global and local value orientations. The distribution of appeals to individualism and collectivism in the magazines under review is linked to the definition of the values of the target audience of each magazine. In general, the magazines are designed, distributed, and consumed in the evolving socio-economic context of post-Soviet Russia. Since magazines significantly depend on advertising revenues, this article proposes that advertising messages have the potential to impact the discourse of the magazines, in particular, the construction of femininities in the magazine medium.
Institutional Motivations in the Adoption of Innovations: The Case of E-Government

This article examines the organizational motivations underlying innovation. While attention to motivation played a role in early theorizing on organizational innovation, the phenomenon isunderstudied empirically. A clearer understanding of the relative importance of differing organizational motivations can illuminate why public organizations adopting innovative strategies and programs often fail to replicate the benefits of earlier implementations. We draw on organizational and political theory to identify varying organizational dynamics that may leadto adoption of new practices. Specifically, we theorize that organizational motivations may relate to efficiency concerns, to management of internal bureaucratic politics and external demands, or to the search for legitimacy vis-a-vis peer organizations. We test hypotheses based on each ofthese accounts employing data on the timing and breadth of e-government innovations by American municipalities between 1994 and 2003. Our findings suggest that externally orientedmotivations appear more influential than internal factors such as bureaucratic politics. This suggests that over the long run the evolution of e-governance may make local governments more responsive to external constituencies if barriers to change may be overcome.
Unions and the financial performance of british private sector establishments

This paper considers the relationship between unions and financial performance using data from the 1980 and 1984 Workplace Industrial Relations Surveys. A qualitative indicator of financial performance is utilized and ordered probit estimates presented. These indicate that unionized establishments are characterized by lower performance levels than are non-union concerns. The interface between union effects and relative market power is also explored and the ability of unions to extract a share of the available rents is found to be greater if the plants in which they are located possess a higher market share. Copyright 1990 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal Changes in Functional Activities of the Pig’s Brain: A Combined Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Immunohistochemical Study

Developmental changes in brain activation after pain stimulation and after passive movement of the hind paw were assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in pigs of postnatal ages 2, 4 and 6 months. Response patterns were correlated with histological maturation parameters. At 2 months, fMRI failed to detect brain activation after pain stimulation and revealed weak, but widespread activation after passive movement. At 4 months, strong reaction of numerous cortical areas on the contralateral side was seen after pain stimulation. Following passive movement, activation was weaker but more widespread, and the brainstem was also involved. By 6 months, cortical activation became more restricted to the contralateral sensory cortex and brainstem after pain stimulation and to the contralateral sensory and ipsilateral premotor and motor cortices after passive movement. Neocortical synaptophysin immunoreaction increased significantly between 2 and 4 months and slightly decreased by 6 months. The density of GABA-immunoreactive neurons and fibers significantly increased, reaching a maximum at 6 months. Our studies indicate that remodeling of synapses and development of inhibitory GABA neurons last until 6 months postnatally, when the fMRI response of the pig’s brain also attains its mature adult pattern.
Legitimating International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS): the case of Spain

Examinations of the growth in the adoption of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) at a global level have focused on Anglo-Saxon countries. This paper considers the implications of IPSAS adoption in Spain. The authors found that a combination of factors, such as the political need to demonstrate improvements in public sector accountability, ‘code-law’ based systems of governance, European Union pressures for the harmonization of business accounting and the credibility resulting from major international institutions adopting IPSAS, all contributed to its legitimation in Spain.
Measuring private transaction costs of public procurement: Case of the Czech Republic

In the Czech Republic ca. 13% of the GDP, is spent every year on public procurement. More money each year has to be spent by the contracting authorities and private subjects for the public procurement to even work. This paper focuses on measuring private transaction cost of public procurement in the Czech Republic. In the first section of this paper, we present data used for our analysis and methods used for achieving our goals. In the second section, we summarise the results. Average transaction cost of one proposal is CZK 22 489. Weighted average relative transaction cost is 0.25% of the contract value. We estimate the total transaction cost of public procurement in the Czech Republic to be almost six billion CZK, further we estimate possible cost reductions of these cost in the case of increased effectiveness to be between 500 million and CZK 1.84 billion. The market sector, contract prices, size of the firm and different types of contracting authorities have all a significant influence on the transaction cost. A comparison of our results to other empirical studies have been made and some interesting facts found out during research have been explained at the end of the second section.
Regional and Technological Determinants of Company Productivity Growth in the Late 1980s

KE S. and BERGMAN E. M. (1995) Regional and technological determinants of company productivity growth in the late 1980s, Reg. Studies 29, 59–71. This paper estimates the impacts on productivity growth of regional factors and technological inputs. Two unique data sets for US textile-apparel and computer-electronics companies are combined with secondary data to estimate a total factor productivity (TFP) growth equation, a neutral technological progress (NTP) equation and an equation of scale economies. The estimates show that regional factors and technological inputs are more significant contributors to TFP and NTP in computer-electronics production than in textile-apparel. Similarly, regional factors and technological inputs have stronger influence on scale economies in computer-electronics than in textile-apparel. Scale economies, as traditionally measured, show a complicated pattern of empirical performance and may not be a straightforward indicator of productivity growth in an era of downsizing and flex.
Estimating the consumption and investment demands for housing and their effect on housing tenure status

Theoretical work suggests that families live in owner-occupied housing if their investment demand for housing exceeds their consumption demand for housing. Using household data from the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances, the authors test this theory by estimating an ordered probit model of whether families rent without owning property, rent while owning property other than their home, own their home without owning other properties, or own their home in addition to other properties. For owner-occupiers who own additional property, both the investment and consumption demands are directly observed, enabling the authors to separately identify these functions. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
Science and institution building in urban climate-change policymaking

As cities develop climate-change policies, they are likely to engage with and produce new science and information. What influences the choices cities make about this engagement? Our aim is to understand the differences in the ways city governments structure their relationship to climate-change science and expertise, and the extent to which these choices reflect broader governance orientations towards climate change as a policy area. The climate-change policy processes of Delhi and Mexico City are used as case studies. The two cities have made different choices about the structure and formality of the science–policy interface, and demonstrate that policymakers’ choices about engaging scientific expertise are embedded in broader administrative and political systems. Examining the science–policy dynamics in urban climate-change policy suggests ways forward for future research, as there are likely to be political and policy consequences and trade-offs with different approaches to structuring the science–policy interface.
Do IMF Programmes Have a Catalytic Effect on Other International Capital Flows?

It has frequently been assumed that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays an important catalysing role in mobilizing international capital for developing countries and countries in transition. The Fund has conventionally been depicted as a "gatekeeper" that unlocks financial flows from other sources, particularly private international capital markets. However, more recently, international financial crises have highlighted the problem of capital volatility and have led to calls for reform of the international financial architecture and, as part of this, the IMF. Unfortunately, basic questions about the interaction between current institutional arrangements and international capital markets have yet to be answered. How do international capital markets react to the activities of the IMF? Do the reactions of private and public lenders differ? Have their reactions changed over time? Do market responses depend on country characteristics and on the type of IMF involvement and, if so, how? This paper addresses these questions and goes on to discuss the policy implications that arise.
Border-Trap Characterization in High-$\kappa$  Strained-Si MOSFETs

In this letter, we focus on the border-trap characterization of TaN/HfO<sub>2</sub>/Si and TaN/HfO<sub>2</sub>/strained-Si/Si<sub>0.8</sub>Ge<sub>0.2</sub> n-channel MOSFET devices. The equivalent oxide thickness for the gate dielectrics is 2 nm. Drain-current hysteresis method is used to characterize the border traps, and it is found that border traps are higher in the case of high-kappa films on strained- Si/Si<sub>0.8</sub>Ge<sub>0.2</sub> . These results are also verified by the 1/f-noise measurements. Possible reasons for the degraded interface quality of high-kappa films on strained-Si are also proposed.
Economic Uncertainty and the Effectiveness of Monetary Policy

This paper explores if economic uncertainty alters the macroeconomic influence of monetary policy. We consider several measures of U.S. economic uncertainty, and estimate their interaction effects with monetary policy shocks as identified through structural vector autoregressions. We find that monetary policy shocks affect economic activity considerably weaker when uncertainty is high, consistently with "real-options" effects suggested by models with non-convex adjustment costs. Investment responds two to five times weaker when uncertainty is in its upper instead of its lower decile. High U.S. uncertainty is associated with lower policy influence not only domestically, but in Canada too.
Functional change as an indicator of transformation near the old city centre of Istanbul

Over time, the residential areas close to city centres have experienced change in their function and social structure. In Istanbul a functional and social change is also observed, especially in the residential buildings near the historical city centre. This study investigated this process of transformation through a research project conducted in the southern part of the Istanbul Historical Peninsula (old city centre) and documents the recent functional changes in this district. It also considers the role of tourism in the process of inner city transformation. On the basis of the data collected during the study, proposals are forwarded for the future development of the area.
Exercise During Pregnancy, Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index, and Birth Weight

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct associations between exercise during pregnancy and offspring birth weight and between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and birth weight. Furthermore, we estimated the indirect association between maternal BMI and birth weight, explained by exercise during pregnancy. METHODS: This study included pregnant women and their offspring recruited from 1999 to 2006 in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Linear regression analyses were based on exposure data from two self-administered questionnaires during pregnancy and birth weight data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. RESULTS: The study included 43,705 pregnancies. The median exercise frequency during the first 17 weeks of gestation was six times per month and four times per month thereafter until week 30. Mean maternal prepregnancy BMI was 24 kg/m2, and mean birth weight of the offspring was 3,677 g. The adjusted direct association between exercise and birth weight was a 2.9-g decrease in birth weight per unit increase in exercise (one time per month). In contrast, the adjusted direct association between BMI and birth weight was a 20.3-g increase in birth weight for a one-unit increase in BMI (1 kg/m2), and the indirect association explained by exercise was only a 0.3-g increase in birth weight. CONCLUSION: Exercise during pregnancy has a minor impact on birth weight, whereas maternal prepregnancy BMI has a larger influence. Thus, we suggest that health care professionals should focus on normalizing the BMI of women in fertile ages. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
The impact of BSE on Japanese retail meat demand

The first case of BSE (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) outside Europe was discovered in Japan in September 2001. To assess its impact on Japanese retail meat demand, a Japanese meat demand system was estimated as a gradual switching Rotterdam model. The system distinguished beef by type and origin: wagyu beef (from domestic beef cattle), domestic dairy beef, and imported beef from the United States and Australia. The results, based on data from April 1994 to December 2002, suggest the Japanese retail meat demand system underwent a two-month transition period following the initial BSE discovery and continued to adjust subsequently. The scare affected the demand for all types of beef. lEconLit citations: Q11.r © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 313-327, 2005.
The Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in South and Southeast Asian Countries: A Panel VAR Approach and Causality Analysis

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in nine South and Southeast Asian countries (i.e., Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand) using a panel data framework. The period for the study is 1990-2012, and the World Bank Development Indicators dataset is used. This study applies a panel vector autoregression model to provide impulse response functions (IRFs), which enable the impact of shocks to be examined between real gross domestic product, energy use, real gross fixed capital formation, and total labor force. In addition, panel Granger causality tests are employed to examine the direction of causality between energy consumption and economic growth. The IRFs show that the shocks of all the variables require a long period to reach the long-run equilibrium level and the greatest response of each variable is attributed to its own shock. The panel Granger causality results evidence bidirectional causality effects between energy consumption and economic growth, which supports the feedback hypothesis, meaning that these variables have strong interdependency between each other. Therefore, policy regarding energy consumption should be considered carefully
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with none or one additional risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc score

Summary Oral anticoagulation (OAC) to prevent stroke has to be balanced against the potential harm of serious bleeding, especially intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). We determined the net clinical benefit (NCB) balancing effectiveness and safety of no antithrombotic therapy, aspirin and warfarin in AF patients with none or one stroke risk factor. Using Danish registries, we determined NCB using various definitions intrinsic to our cohort (Danish weights at 1 and 5 year follow-up), with risk weights which were derived from the hazard ratio (HR) of death following an event, relative to HR of death after ischaemic stroke. When aspirin was compared to no treatment, NCB was neutral or negative for both risk strata. For warfarin vs no treatment, NCB using Danish weights was neutral where no risk factors were present and using five years follow-up. For one stroke risk factor, NCB was positive for warfarin vs no treatment, for one year and five year follow-up. For warfarin vs aspirin use in patients with no risk factors, NCB was positive with one year follow-up, but neutral with five year follow-up. With one risk factor, NCB was generally positive for warfarin vs aspirin. In conclusion, we show a positive overall advantage (i.e. positive NCB) of effective stroke prevention with OAC, compared to no therapy or aspirin with one additional stroke risk factor, using Danish weights. ‘Low risk’ AF patients with no additional stroke risk factors (i.e. CHA2DS2-VASc 0 in males, 1 in females) do not derive any advantage (neutral or negative NCB) with aspirin, nor with warfarin therapy in the long run. Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Multi-period demand allocation among supplier in a supply chain

Purpose – This paper aims to address the problem of optimal allocation of demand of items among candidate suppliers to maximize the purchase value of items. The purchase value of the items directly relates to cost and quality of raw materials purchased from the supplier. In an increasingly competitive environment, firms are paying more attention to selecting the right suppliers for procurement of raw materials and component parts for their products. The present research work focuses on this issue of supply chain management. Design/methodology/approach – This present research work devises a hybrid algorithm for multi-period demand allocation among the suppliers. The customer demand is allocated by using a hybrid algorithm based on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), fuzzy set theory and the mixed linear integer programming (MILP) approaches. Findings – The supply chain network is witnessing a changing business environment due to government policies aimed at promotin.
Study on factors affecting the harmonics of large-scale rectification device in power grid

In recent years, with the rapid development of the power electronic technology, various power electronic devices and nonlinear elements, especially of many kinds of rectifier and switcher, are applied widely in power system. Harmonics have produced serious adverse effects in the equipment of power generators and distribution system, and of their control and protection, as well as the users and the communication fields. Due to the increasing requirements of power quality, the influence of harmonics of large scale power rectifier couldn't be ignored. Harmonic voltage and harmonic current are in a high level relatively because of the large power consumption of the rectifier. This paper mostly studies the factors which affects the content of harmonics. This paper briefly introduces the main structure of the aluminum electrolyzation rectifying system and operating principle, and the reason that harmonics caused and its harm, also analyzes the harmonics of the system about a real rectifying system. On the foundation of the work done above, electromagnetic transient simulation model of the aluminum electrolyzation rectifying system is established at PSCAD/EMTDC. Harmonics of the system either in all units or all except standby unit on is analyzed. In all units on, characteristic harmonics (84n±1, including harmonic voltage and harmonic current) and uncharacteristic harmonics (3rd, 5th, 7th) are negligible. And in all except standby unit on, characteristic harmonics are still almost the same, while many new uncharacteristic harmonics (12n±1, especially 11th and 13th) are generated. In addition, certain uncharacteristic harmonics will be produced because of the asymmetric system and transformer parameters such as leakage resistance and three-phase voltage. Finally, the paper briefly discusses several solutions to decrease harmonics and improve the power quality.
Monitoring electrocardiogram using android based smart phone

ECG signals are the heart wave signals used to identify the heart disease. This kind of signal processing requires effective signal feature extraction as well as integration with real environment. The presented work is defined to provide the solution to both these problems. The feature detection is here been defined in the form of QRS detection. The implementation of work is done in Android environment. To perform the QRS detection, a traditional Pam Tompkins algorithm is defined. This algorithmic approach is here defined with the specification of series of filters. These filters are able to remove the signal level impurities as well as to obtain the signal features. Based on these features QRS detection over the signal will be performed. Once these features are extracted, the integration of this model is done in android environment to represent it as real time application. In android environment, the model will accept stored signal and will identify the QRS over the signal under defined approach. The work is implemented in matlab and android integrated environment.