Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Multicomponent Polynomial Phase Signals

While the theory of estimation of monocomponent polynomial phase signals is well established, the theoretical and methodical treatment of multicomponent polynomial phase signals (mc-PPSs) is limited. In this paper, we investigate several aspects of parameter estimation for mc-PPSs and derive the Crameacuter-Rao bound. We show the limits of existing techniques and then propose a nonlinear least squares (NLS) approach. We also motivate the use the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm for minimizing the nonlinear cost function. The slight increase in computational complexity is a tradeoff for improved mean square error performance, which is evidenced by simulation results
Effect of domestic cooking methods on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of different varieties of brown rice from Southern Thailand and Malaysia

Consumption of brown rice is increasing on account of higher nutritional components such as vitamins, minerals, fibres and antioxidants than white rice. However, the effect of domestic cooking methods on nutritional attributes of brown rice is not well-characterized. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of cooking methods; pressure cooker (PC) and rice cooker (RC) on physicochemical, nutritional and sensory properties of brown rice from five different varieties: Sungyod (SY), Chiang (CH), and Lepnok (LP) of Thai and long grain LS1 and LS2 of Malaysian origin. Peak viscosity (PV) and final viscosity (FV) among uncooked samples were significantly different except for LS1 and LS2. Between cooking methods, protein content (8.17 - 10.14%) was significantly different (p < 0.05) except in SY, LS1 and LS2 varieties whereas fat (1.74 - 2.71%) and ash content (1.15 - 1.46%) showed significant difference (p < 0.05) only in LP and SY varieties. Loss of iron was significantly higher in RC method than PC method but zinc and thiamine was insignificant. The LS1 and LS2 cooked in PC was significantly softer (p < 0.05) than cooked in RC. Hardness of PC cooked rice was correlated with PV (r = -0.965), breakdown viscosity (r = -0.973), setback viscosity (r = -0.944) at p < 0.01 and pasting temperature (r = 0.89, p < 0.05) of uncooked brown rice flours. Overall, PC was found better over RC in terms of cooking time, textural properties, nutrients and sensory attributes. (c) All Rights Reserved
Counterfactual Evaluation of Outcomes in Social Risk Decision-Making Situations: The Cognitive Developmental Paradox Revisited

We report a study that examined the existence of a cognitive developmental paradox in the counterfactual evaluation of decision-making outcomes. According to this paradox adolescents and young adults could be able to apply counterfactual reasoning and, yet, their counterfactual evaluation of outcomes could be biased in a salient socio-emotional context. To this aim, we analyzed the impact of health and social feedback on the counterfactual evaluation of outcomes in a laboratory decision-making task involving short narratives with the presence of peers. Forty risky (e.g., taking or refusing a drug), forty neutral decisions (e.g., eating a hamburger or a hotdog), and emotions felt following positive or negative outcomes were examined in 256 early, mid- and late adolescents, and young adults, evenly distributed. Results showed that emotional ratings to negative outcomes (regret and disappointment) but not to positive outcomes (relief and elation) were attenuated when feedback was provided. Evidence of development of cognitive decision-making capacities did also exist, as the capacity to perform faster emotional ratings and to differentially allocate more resources to the elaboration of emotional ratings when no feedback information was available increased with age. Overall, we interpret these findings as challenging the traditional cognitive developmental assumption that development necessarily proceeds from lesser to greater capacities, reflecting the impact of socio-emotional processes that could bias the counterfactual evaluation of social decision-making outcomes.
2 Problem Definition and Preliminaries 2 . 1 Linear Regression for Quantum State Tomography

In this paper, we study extended linear regression approaches for quantum state tomography based on regularization techniques. For unknown quantum states represented by density matrices, performing measurements under certain basis yields random outcomes, from which a classical linear regression model can be established. First of all, for complete or over-complete measurement bases, we show that the empirical data can be utilized for the construction of a weighted least squares estimate (LSE) for quantum tomography. Taking into consideration the trace-one condition, a constrained weighted LSE can be explicitly computed, being the optimal unbiased estimation among all linear estimators. Next, for general measurement bases, we show that `2-regularization with proper regularization gain provides even lower mean-square error under a cost in bias. The regularization parameter is tuned by two estimators in terms of a risk characterization. Finally, a concise and unified formula is established for the regularization parameter with complete measurement basis under an equivalent regression model, which proves that the proposed tuning estimators are asymptotically optimal as the number of samples grows to infinity under the risk metric. Additionally, numerical examples are provided to validate the established results.
Job Creation in Tight and Slack Labor Markets

Do investment programs create more jobs in tight or in slack labor markets? We study this question using data from a large, long-term photovoltaic investment scheme in Germany. Comparing counties with high and low unemployment both over time and across space, we find that photovoltaic installations created at least twice as many jobs in slack than in tight labor markets. Our results suggest that the differences in job-creation are not driven by changes in the composition or prices of investment, capital-labor substitution, or regional migration. This leaves crowding-out as the most plausible mechanism.
UNDERSTANDING AND MODELLING VARIABILITY IN MODULUS AND STRENGTH OF TOW-BASED DISCONTINUOUS COMPOSITES

Tow-based discontinuous composites (TBDCs) are a growing class of high performance lightweight discontinuous composites, suitable for structural applications in the automotive industry. TBDCs consist of a network of randomly placed and oriented tows; this microstructure allows TBDCs to combine high specific modulus and toughness low manufacturing time and cost. However, this microstructure also leads to highly heterogeneous microstructures and properties in TBDCs, which makes it difficult to predict the mechanical response of these materials, especially in structural components with complex geometries. Therefore, this study aims to quantify the effect of the intrinsic variability of mechanical properties of TBDCs, and to develop a design framework that can be used for structural design with these materials. This study aims to understand the variability of the TBDCs, and to develop a design framework that can be used for structural design with these materials. This is achieved by (i) experimentally quantifying the effect of the intrinsic variability in microstructure on the mechanical properties of TBDCs; (ii) developing analytical models to predict the mechanical properties of TBDCs according to their local microstructure and their variability; and (iii) integrating the distribution of mechanical properties calculated from the analytical models into a finite element environment to simulate the mechanical response of a structure under load. It is found that the variability in TBDCs is so significant that the critical regions in a structure can be shifted to other locations, even with substantial stress concentrations. It is also shown that the analytical models and the FE design framework proposed in this study can be used to optimise the microstructure of TBDCs and to design structures using TBDCs, hence accelerating the design cycle and promoting the application of high-performance composites in high-volume applications.
THE EFFECT OF FOLIAR MICROELEMENTS FERTILIZERS ON THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND YIELD OF POTATO TUBERS ( SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L . )

The analysis was based on a strict field experiment carried out in 2015-2016 in the conditions of central-eastern Poland (The Experimental Station, Uhnin in Province Lublin) (51°34 ', 23°02'E), on the fawn soil, slightly acidic. The experiment was performed in randomized blocks, in triplicate. In the study was evaluated the effect of foliar micronutrient fertilizer on yield and some characteristics of quality of potato variety Satina. Were tested four fertilization variants: three technologies foliar fertilization and control object, without foliar fertilization. Technologies foliar fertilization had had a significant effect on the dry matter content and vitamin C in potato tubers. Only foliar fertilization formulations using: Potato Micro Forte (2 dmha) + Suplofol Mono Zn ( dmha) + magnesium sulphate (5 kgha) per 400 dm water on 1 hectare significantly decreased content dry matter in potato tubers. In the case of vitamin C, all technologies foliar fertilization significantly decreased vitamin C content in tubers of this species. The total yield of tubers, the commercial yield of tubers and the content and yield of starch does not depend significantly on the technology of foliar fertilization. Meteorological conditions in the years of the study had a decisive influence on the so-tuber yield and productivity of dry matter and starch and dry matter content, starch and vitamin C in fresh mass of potato tubers.
Hydrodynamical Approach to Vehicular Flow in the Urban Street Canyon

The vehicular flow in the urban street canyon is considered. The classical field description is used in the modelling of the vehicular movement and of gaseous mixture in generic urban street canyon. The dynamical variables include vehicular densities, velocities, and emissivities: of pollutants, heat and exhaust gases, as well as standard mixture components' variables: densities, velocities, temperature, pressures. The local balances' equations predict the dynamics of the complex system. The automatic control of the vehicular flow is attained by the sets of coordinated traffic lights. The automatic control is aimed at minimization of traffic ecological costs by the application of variational calculus (Lagrange's and Bolz's problems). The theoretical description is accompanied by numerical examples of computer fluid dynamics based on real traffic data.
Self-serving disclosures by chairpersons of failing UK companies

Abstract This paper investigates information disclosures made by the chairpersons of boards of directors in 120 failing UK companies. There are four main findings. Firstly, chairpersons excessively blame poor performance on exogenous factors rather than managerial decisions. Secondly, almost half of chairpersons do not candidly disclose problems that are apparent when they write their statements. Thirdly, prospective disclosures are more optimistic than disclosures about past performance despite significantly worse performance after the chairpersons' statements. Finally, chairpersons' compensation is negatively associated with bad news disclosures. Overall, the results indicate that chairpersons in failing companies hide bad news, and they have incentives to do so. © City University of Hong Kong.
HOTAIR / miR-2143 p / FLOT 1 axis plays an essential role in the proliferation , migration , and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) has been reported to play an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Although there is evidence on HOTAIR being associated with HCC progression, the underlying mechanism remains to be further clarified. Methods: HOTAIR, miR-214-3p and FLOT1 expression were measured by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were displayed by transwell assay, MTT, and colony formation assay. The relationship between HOTAIR, miR-214-3p, and FLOT1 was investigated by luciferase reporter assay. Tumor suppressive effect of HOTAIR was displayed by HepG2 xenografting to nude mice. Results: HOTAIR and FLOT1 expression were significantly up-regulated, whereas miR-214-3p was obviously down-regulated. Also, down-regulation of HOTAIR and FLOT1 as well as up-regulation of miR-214-3p inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Intriguingly, the effects of miR-214-3p overexpression on HCC cells were rescued by high expression of HOTAIR. Otherwise, HOTAIR regulated FLOT1 expression through targeting miR-214-3p in HCC cells. Simultaneously, low HOTAIR expression inhibited FLOT1 expression by up-regulating miR-214-3p, which suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: HOTAIR expression indirectly regulated FLOT1 expression through endogenous competition with miR-214-3p. HOTAIR/miR214-3p/FLOT1 axis affected the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC.
Processing of Color Words 1 Running Head: Color Words and Color Representations Processing of Color Words Activates Color Representations Accepted for Publication in the Journal Cognition (2009)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate whether color representations are routinely activated when color words are processed. Congruency effects of colors and color words were observed in both directions. Lexical decisions on color words were faster when preceding colors matched the color named by the word. Color-discrimination responses were slowed down when preceding color words mismatched the test color even if no task had to be performed on these words. These findings are consistent with the experiential view of language comprehension according to which color perception and the comprehension of color words are based on overlapping representational resources.
DESIGN AND MEASUREMENT-BASED EVALUATION OF MULTI-ANTENNA MOBILE TERMINALS FOR LTE 3500 MHz BAND

Design of multi-element antennas for small mobile terminals operating at higher frequencies remains challenging despite smaller antenna dimension and possibility of achieving electrically large separation between them. In this paper, the importance of the type of radiating elements operating at 3400-3600 MHz and their locations on the terminal chassis are highlighted. An isotropic radiation pattern that receives incoming signals from arbitrary directions is obtained by combining the radiation patterns of multiple antennas with localized chassis current distribution. Four multiport antennas configurations with two- and eight-element antennas are designed and evaluated experimentally in indoor propagation environments. Our proposed designs of multi-element antennas provide the highest MIMO channel capacity compared to their counterparts using antennas with less localized chassis current distribution, even in the presence of user's hand.
Mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in mice with endothelium-specific deletion of the PPAR-delta gene

Public Summary: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)​ is a nuclear hormone receptor that is mainly involved in lipid metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that PPAR​ agonists exert vascular protective effects. The present study was designed to characterize vascular function in mice with genetic inactivation of PPAR​ in the endothelium. Mice with vascular endothelial cell-specific deletion of the PPAR​ gene (ePPAR​​/ ​ mice) were generated using loxP/Cre technology. ePPAR​​/ ​ mice were normotensive and did not display any sign of metabolic syndrome. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to ACh and endotheliumindependent relaxations to the nitric oxide (NO) donor diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate were both significantly impaired in the aorta and carotid arteries of ePPAR​​/ ​ mice (P ​ 0.05). In ePPAR​​/ ​ mouse aortas, phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at Ser1177 was significantly decreased (P ​ 0.05). However, basal levels of cGMP were unexpectedly increased (P ​ 0.05). Enzymatic activity of GTP-cyclohydrolase I and tetrahydrobiopterin levels were also enhanced in ePPAR​​/ ​ mice (P ​ 0.05). Most notably, endothelium-specific deletion of the PPAR​ gene significantly decreased protein expressions of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 and resulted in increased levels of H2O2 in the aorta (P ​ 0.05). In contrast, superoxide anion production was unaltered. Moreover, treatment with catalase prevented the endothelial dysfunction and elevation of cGMP detected in aortas of ePPAR​​/ ​ mice. The findings suggest that increased levels of cGMP caused by H2O2 impair vasodilator reactivity to endogenous and exogenous NO. We speculate that chronic elevation of H2O2 predisposes PPAR​deficient arteries to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction.
XMM-Newton View of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources in M51

We present results based on XMM-Newton observations of the nearby spiral galaxy M51 (NGC 5194 and NGC 5195). We confirm the presence of the seven known ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with luminosities exceeding the Eddington luminosity for a 10 M☉ black hole, a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN) with 2-10 keV luminosity of 1.6 × 1039 ergs s-1, and soft thermal extended emission from NGC 5194 detected with Chandra. In addition, we also detected a new ULX with luminosity of ~1039 ergs s-1. We have studied the spectral and temporal properties of the LLAGN and eight ULXs in NGC 5194 and an ULX in NGC 5195. Two ULXs in NGC 5194 show evidence for short-term variability, and all but two ULXs vary on long timescales (over a baseline of ~2.5 yr), providing strong evidence that these are accreting sources. One ULX in NGC 5194, source 69, shows possible periodic behavior in its X-ray flux. We derive a period of 5925 ± 200 s at a confidence level of 95% on the basis of three cycles. This period is lower than the period of 7620 ± 500 s derived from a Chandra observation in 2000. The higher effective area of XMM-Newton enables us to identify multiple components in the spectra of ULXs. Most ULXs require at least two components, a power law and a soft X-ray excess component that is modeled by an optically thin plasma or a multicolor disk blackbody (MCD). However, the soft excess emissions inferred from all ULXs except source 69 are unlikely to be physically associated with the ULXs, as their strengths are comparable to that of the surrounding diffuse emission. The soft excess emission of source 69 is well described either by a two-temperature MEKAL plasma or a single-temperature MEKAL plasma (kT ~ 690 eV) and an MCD (kT ~ 170 eV). The MCD component suggests a cooler accretion disk compared to those in Galactic X-ray binaries, consistent with those expected for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). An iron Kα line (EW ~ 700 eV) or K absorption edge at ~7.1 keV is present in the EPIC pn spectrum of source 26. The spectrum of the ULX in NGC 5195, source 12, is consistent with a simple power law. The LLAGN in NGC 5194 shows an extremely flat hard X-ray power law (Γ ~ 0.7), a narrow iron Kα line at 6.4 keV (EW ~ 3 keV), and strong soft X-ray excess emission. The full-band spectrum is well described by a two-component MEKAL plasma and reflection from cold material such as a putative torus.
The local low-dimensionality of natural images

We develop a new statistical model for photographic images, in which the local responses of a bank of linear filters are described as jointly Gaussian, with zero mean and a covariance that varies slowly over spatial position. We optimize sets of filters so as to minimize the nuclear norms of matrices of their local activations (i.e., the sum of the singular values), thus encouraging a flexible form of sparsity that is not tied to any particular dictionary or coordinate system. Filters optimized according to this objective are oriented and bandpass, and their responses exhibit substantial local correlation. We show that images can be reconstructed nearly perfectly from estimates of the local filter response covariances alone, and with minimal degradation (either visual or MSE) from low-rank approximations of these covariances. As such, this representation holds much promise for use in applications such as denoising, compression, and texture representation, and may form a useful substrate for hierarchical decompositions.
Is all that glitters in MT quality estimation really gold standard

Human-targeted metrics provide a compromise between human evaluation of machine translation, where high inter-annotator agreement is difficult to achieve, and fully automatic metrics, such as BLEU or TER, that lack the validity of human assessment. Human-targeted translation edit rate (HTER) is by far the most widely employed human-targeted metric in machine translation, commonly employed, for example, as a gold standard in evaluation of quality estimation. Original experiments justifying the design of HTER, as opposed to other possible formulations, were limited to a small sample of translations and a single language pair, however, and this motivates our re-evaluation of a range of human-targeted metrics on a substantially larger scale. Results show significantly stronger correlation with human judgment for HBLEU over HTER for two of the nine language pairs we include and no significant difference between correlations achieved by HTER and HBLEU for the remaining language pairs. Finally, we evaluate a range of quality estimation systems employing HTER and direct assessment (DA) of translation adequacy as gold labels, resulting in a divergence in system rankings, and propose employment of DA for future quality estimation evaluations.
Design and development of the wireless sensor node for traffic flow surveillance

Wireless sensor network is expected to be deployed in intersection to monitor the traffic flow continuously, and the monitoring data can be used as the foundation of traffic light control. In this paper, a traffic information and transmission system based on Zigbee and wireless sensor network is built, and the sensor nodes used in traffic flow surveillance are developed. Structure, hardware and work flow of WSN nodes are designed. The stability experiment and the actual environment experiment are carried out in the last of the paper. The results of experiments show that WSN has the ability to collect traffic flow information quickly and transmit the datum to the processing center in real time.
Models of Type I X-Ray Bursts from 4U 1820–30

I present ignition models for type I X-ray bursts and superbursts from the ultracompact binary 4U 1820-30. A pure helium secondary is usually assumed for this system (which has an orbital period ≈11 minutes); however, some evolutionary models predict a small amount of hydrogen in the accreted material (mass fraction X ~ 0.1). I show that the presence of hydrogen significantly affects the type I burst recurrence time if X ≳ 0.03 and the CNO mass fraction ≳3 × 10-3. When regularly bursting, the predicted burst properties agree well with observations. The observed 2-4 hr recurrence times are reproduced for a pure He companion if the time-averaged accretion rate is ⟨Ṁ⟩ ≈ (7–10) × 10-9 M☉ yr-1 or a hydrogen-poor companion if ⟨Ṁ⟩ ≈ (4–6) × 10-9 M☉ yr-1. This result provides a new constraint on evolutionary models. The burst energetics are consistent with complete burning and spreading of the accreted fuel over the whole stellar surface. Models with hydrogen predict ~10% variations in burst fluence with recurrence time, which could perhaps distinguish the different evolutionary scenarios. I use the accretion rates determined by matching the type I burst recurrence times to predict superburst properties. The expected recurrence times are ≈1-2 yr for pure He accretion (much less than that found by Strohmayer & Brown) and ≈5-10 yr if hydrogen is present. Determination of the superburst recurrence time would strongly constrain the local accretion rate and thermal structure of the neutron star.