Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weight Gain, Schizophrenia and Antipsychotics: New Findings from Animal Model and Pharmacogenomic Studies

Excess body weight is one of the most common physical health problems among patients with schizophrenia that increases the risk for many medical problems, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, osteoarthritis, and hypertension, and accounts in part for 20% shorter life expectancy than in general population. Among patients with severe mental illness, obesity can be attributed to an unhealthy lifestyle, personal genetic profile, as well as the effects of psychotropic medications, above all antipsychotic drugs. Novel “atypical” antipsychotic drugs represent a substantial improvement on older “typical” drugs. However, clinical experience has shown that some, but not all, of these drugs can induce substantial weight gain. Animal models of antipsychotic-related weight gain and animal transgenic models of knockout or overexpressed genes of antipsychotic receptors have been largely evaluated by scientific community for changes in obesity-related gene expression or phenotypes. Moreover, pharmacogenomic approaches have allowed to detect more than 300 possible candidate genes for antipsychotics-induced body weight gain. In this paper, we summarize current thinking on: (1) the role of polymorphisms in several candidate genes, (2) the possible roles of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in this adverse drug reaction, and (3) the state of development of animal models in this matter. We also outline major areas for future research.
The A(2)2 Gaudin model and its associated Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation

The semiclassical limit of the algebraic Bethe ansatz for the Izergin–Korepin 19-vertex model is used to solve the theory of Gaudin models associated with the twisted A(2)2 R-matrix. We find the spectra and eigenvectors of the N–1-independents Gaudin Hamiltonians. We also use the off-shell Bethe ansatz method to show how the off-shell Gaudin equation solves the associated trigonometric system of Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equations.
TutorSpace: Content-centric Platform for Enabling Blended Learning in Developing Countries

One signiﬁcant impact of the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) phenomenon is that they have accelerated the widespread availability of quality education content. We refer to this content as the Open Educational Resources (OERs). It is our hypothesis that the OERs can be used to supplement classroom teaching for improved teacher efﬁciency and better student outcomes. We present a platform called TutorSpace which helps in curating OER content from multiple sources, integrating this content into a curricular setting in the context of what the lecturer is teaching and delivering it to students in a personalized way. A particular novelty of the TutorSpace platform is its capability for content-driven non-linear navigation of video content.
The Asymptotic Number of Connected d-Uniform Hypergraphs†

For d ≥ 2, let Hd(n,p) denote a random d-uniform hypergraph with n vertices in which each of the $\binom{n}{d}$ possible edges is present with probability p=p(n) independently, and let Hd(n,m) denote a uniformly distributed d-uniform hypergraph with n vertices and m edges. Let either H=Hd(n,m) or H=Hd(n,p), where m/n and $\binom{n-1}{d-1}p$ need to be bounded away from (d−1)−1 and 0 respectively. We determine the asymptotic probability that H is connected. This yields the asymptotic number of connected d-uniform hypergraphs with given numbers of vertices and edges. We also derive a local limit theorem for the number of edges in Hd(n,p), conditioned on Hd(n,p) being connected.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Inhibits Macrophage Responses to IFN-γ through Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis overcomes macrophage bactericidal activities and persists intracellularly. One mechanism by which M. tuberculosis avoids macrophage killing might be through inhibition of IFN-γ-mediated signaling. In this study we provide evidence that at least two distinct components of M. tuberculosis, the 19-kDa lipoprotein and cell wall peptidoglycan (contained in the mycolylarabinogalactan peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex), inhibit macrophage responses to IFN-γ at a transcriptional level. Moreover, these components engage distinct proximal signaling pathways to inhibit responses to IFN-γ: the 19-kDa lipoprotein inhibits IFN-γ signaling in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)2-dependent and myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent fashion whereas mAGP inhibits independently of TLR2, TLR4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88. In addition to inhibiting the induction of specific IFN-γ responsive genes, the 19-kDa lipoprotein and mAGP inhibit the ability of IFN-γ to activate murine macrophages to kill virulent M. tuberculosis without inhibiting production of NO. These results imply that inhibition of macrophage responses to IFN-γ may contribute to the inability of an apparently effective immune response to eradicate M. tuberculosis.
Gesture recognition using Kinect in a virtual classroom environment

In an E-learning classroom, students and professors are at different geographic locations. In the present E-learning system, the professor and the student interact with each other through simple internet applications. The disadvantage in this type of classroom set-up is that students in a remote location will not receive the same attention as those ones in a real classroom. Students in a remote location will only be seen on a small screen and the clarity of the video might be poor. Furthermore, the professor in a real classroom might focus only on students who are interacting face-to-face with him. The professor may not know the details of the remote students and how well they understand his class lecture. To solve this problem, this paper describes a system, based on KinectTM, to make the E-learning class lecture more interactive for the remote students. For example, when a student in a remote location, raises his/her hand to talk to a professor, the Kinect camera detects the student, identifies the gesture of the remote student, zooms onto the remote student, and displays details such as his/her name and background of study. Thus the professor can pay equal attention to both the remote and local students.
Effect of cooling rate on size-dependent atomic ordering of CoPt nanoparticles

We report on the effect of cooling rate on the size-dependent atomic ordering of CoPt nanoparticles using aberration corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that cooling rate plays a crucial role in promoting atomic ordering during the cooling process after annealing. Nanoparticles of ≈3 nm in diameter show the A1-disordered phase after annealing at 873 K for 1 h followed by rapid cooling (110 K/min), while the L10-ordered phase is obtained when the cooling rate is slow (1.5 K/min). The disordered phase is also obtained by rapid cooling after annealing at 973 K for 1 h. These results unambiguously indicate that the order–disorder transformation temperature is reduced to a temperature at least lower than 873 K for CoPt nanoparticles smaller than 3 nm in diameter. The slow cooling process promotes the atomic ordering, which resulted in an enhancement of magnetic coercivity as high as 2200 Oe. This study demonstrates that hard magnetic properties of the CoPt nanoparticles can be improved by controlling the cooling rate after heat treatments.
A privacy-preserving method for temporarily linking/revoking pseudonym certificates in vehicular networks

Vehicular communication (V2X) technologies are expected to become increasingly common in the future. Although they enable improvements on transportation safety and efficiency, the large scale deployment of V2X requires addressing some challenges. In particular, to prevent abuse by drivers and by the system itself, V2X architectures must: (1) ensure the authenticity of messages, which is usually accomplished by means of digital certification; and (2) preserve the privacy of honest users, so owners of non-revoked certificates cannot be easily identified and tracked by eavesdroppers. A promising design to address these requirements is the Security Credential Management System (SCMS), which is currently among the main candidates for protecting V2X communications in the United States. Even though SCMS provides efficient, scalable and privacy-preserving mechanisms for managing V2X-oriented certificates, in this article we show that its certificate revocation process can be further enhanced. Namely, we present two birthday attacks against SCMS’s revocation process, both of which degrade the system’s security as time passes and more certificates are revoked. We then describe an alternative design to prevent such security degradation with minimal computational overhead. In complement to these security gains, we also describe a mechanism for improving the flexibility of the revocation procedure, allowing certificates (as well as their owner’s privacy) to be temporarily revoked in an efficient manner. This should be useful, for example, to implement suspension mechanisms or to aid in investigations by law-enforcement authorities.
Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Response in Postmitotic Neurons

Cellular DNA copes with constant exposure to different hazards, environmental and intrinsic. This leads to DNA lesions which interfere with transcription and replication and if not repaired or repaired incorrectly, can produce mutations or large-scale genome aberrations that may lead to cell malfunction or cell death and contribute to different pathologies (Jackson, 2009; Sancar et al., 2004). For this reason, virtually every organism is equipped with highly conserved genome surveillance network known as the DNA damage response (DDR) whose function is to sense genome damage and activate several downstream pathways, including cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair and apoptotic signaling (Rouse & Jackson, 2002; Zhou & Elledge., 2000). The DDR has been investigated mainly in mitotic cells, in which the cell cycle checkpoints are a major contributor to the DDR, required for DNA repair (Stracker et al., 2008). Not much is known about the DDR in postmitotic neurons. It is known, however, that all eukaryotic DNA repair systems operating in proliferating cells also operate in neurons (Fishel et al., 2007; Lee & McKinnon, 2007; Sharma, 2007; Weissman et al., 2007; Wilson, & McNeill, 2007) and that dysfunctional DDR plays an important role in neurodegeneration and is associated with syndromes (e.g. ataxia telangiectasia) characterized by neurological abnormalities (Barzilai, 2010; Rass et al., 2007; Shiloh, 2003, 2006). This suggests the importance of DDR for postmitotic neurons. While the cell cycle checkpoints are part of DDR involved in DNA repair, apoptotic signaling, and cell fate decisions in mitotic cells, their contribution to the DDR of postmitotic neurons remains unclear. Nonetheless, evidence accumulates that DNA damage-initiated apoptosis of postmitotic neurons is associated with cell cycle signaling. Recently, we have demonstrated the importance of the cell cycle activation for DNA repair in postmitotic neurons (Tomashevski et al., 2010). This suggests that the expression of cell-cycle markers (Schmetsdorf et al., 2007, 2009) and DNA repair activity (Sharma, 2007) observed in the brain under physiological conditions may contribute to DNA repair. The involvement of the cell cycle machinery to both DNA repair and DNA damage-initiated apoptosis in postmitotic neurons suggests a potential function of cell cycle checkpoints in the DDR of these postmitotic cells. This review focuses on the DDR of postmitotic neurons in the context of what is known about the DDR of mitotic cells.
Novel deoxynucleoside‐phosphorylating enzymes in mycoplasmas: evidence for efficient utilization of deoxynucleosides

Mycoplasmas are unable to synthesize purine and pyrimidine bases de novo. Therefore, salvage of existing nucleosides and bases is essential for their survival. Four mycoplasma species were studied with regard to their ability to phosphorylate deoxynucleosides. High levels of thymidine kinase (TK), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) and deoxyadenosine kinase (dAK) activities were detected in extracts from Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (M. mymySC), Acholeplasma laidlawii (A. laidlawii) and Mycoplasma arginini (M. arginini). Nucleoside phosphotransferase activities were found at high levels in A. laidlawii and low levels in M. arginini. Pyrophosphate‐dependent deoxynucleoside kinase activities were detected mainly in A. laidlawii and M. mymySC extracts. Two open reading frames were identified in the M. mymySC genome; one showed 25% sequence identity to human dGK and the other one had about 26% sequence identity to human TK1. The M. mymySC dGK‐like enzyme was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and affinity‐purified. This enzyme phosphorylated dAdo, dGuo and dCyd, and the highest catalytic rate was with dAdo as substrate. Therefore, we suggest that this enzyme should be named deoxyadenosine kinase. The physiological role of mycoplasma dAK and TK may be to support the unusually large dATP and dTTP pools required for replication of mycoplasma genomes.
A SUPER‐AGENT‐BASED FRAMEWORK FOR REPUTATION MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNITY FORMATION IN DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS

In this article, we propose a novel super‐agent‐based framework for reputation management and community formation in decentralized systems. We describe this framework in the context of Web service selection where agents with more capabilities act as super‐agents. These super‐agents serve as reputation managers to maintain reputation information of services and share the information with other consumer agents that have fewer capabilities than the super‐agents. In addition, super‐agents can maintain communities and build community‐based reputation for a service based on the opinions from all community members that have similar interests and judgement criteria as the super‐agents or the other community members. A practical reward mechanism is also introduced to create incentives for super‐agents to contribute their resources (to maintain reputation and form communities) and provide truthful reputation information. Experimental results obtained through simulation confirm that our approach achieves better effectiveness and scalability compared to the systems that do not use super‐agents and that do not form communities.
Contractive Force and Transformation of Microfibril with Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide Solution for Wood

Summary The mechanism of longitudinal contraction of Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis Carr.) during treatment with aqueous NaOH solution is discussed. The contraction of wood samples increased with an increase in the concentration of NaOH solution and in heating temperature. Measurements of the stress relaxation and the twist angle during the alkali treatment showed that the alkali treatment caused the contractive and twist forces of a tracheid cell wall in longitudinal and tangential directions, depending on the components of contractive force. The temperature dependence of the contraction and the thermodynamics led to the conclusion that the longitudinal contraction of samples is due to that of microfibrils via an entropy-elastic force.
The Multistep Tunneling Analogue of Conductivity Mismatch in Organic Spin Valves

Carbon‐based, molecular semiconductors offer several attractive attributes for spintronics, such as exceptionally weak spin‐orbit coupling and compatibility with bottom‐up nanofabrication. In spite of the promising properties of organic spin valves, however, the physical mechanisms governing spin‐polarized conduction remain poorly understood. An experimental study of C60‐based spin valves is presented and their behavior is modeled with spin‐polarized tunneling via multiple intermediate states with a Gaussian energy distribution. It is shown that, analogous to conductivity mismatch in the diffusive regime, the magnetoresistance decreases with the number of intermediate tunnel steps, regardless of the value of the spin lifetime. This mechanism has been largely overlooked in previous studies of organic spin valves. In addition, using measurements of the temperature and bias dependence of the magnetoresistance, inhomogeneous magnetostatic fields resulting from interfacial roughness are identified as a source for spin relaxation and dephasing. These findings constitute a comprehensive understanding of the processes underlying spin‐polarized transport in these structures and shed new light on previous studies of organic spin valves.
Unlooked-for significance of cardiac versus vascular effects of endothelin-1 in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and devastating condition that is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and raised pulmonary arterial pressure, eventually leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and premature death.1,2 PAH carries a poor prognosis. Even in the current treatment era, the average life expectancy of PAH patients after diagnosis is estimated at 5 to 7 years, with significant morbidity.3–5 Article, see p 347 The pathobiology of PAH remains incompletely understood. The process of pulmonary vascular remodeling involves pathological changes in the intima, media, and adventitial layers of the vessel wall, and each cell type, including endothelial, smooth muscle, and fibroblast, in the pulmonary vascular wall plays a specific role in the pathogenesis.6 Both vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells exhibit an abnormal growth phenotype, which is characterized by excess cellular proliferation and apoptosis resistance.7 Disorganized endothelial cell proliferation leads to the formation of glomeruloid structure known as the plexiform lesions, which are common pathological features of the pulmonary vessels of PAH patients and are not found in the diseases of the systemic circulation.8,9 In addition, a characteristic feature of severe pulmonary hypertension is the formation of a layer of myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix between the endothelium and the internal elastic lamina, termed neointima.6 These abnormalities in resident vascular cells, in concert with vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and inflammation, …
A Novel Algorithm for Feature Detection and Hiding from Ultrasound Images

Female feticide, a common problem in many countries such as India and China, is skewing the population and lowering the status of women in these societies. Ultrasound machines are the tool of choice for sex determination of a fetus. We have developed an algorithm that will take an ultrasound image, and will detect and localize the genitalia and output the image with the genital area blurred. Our algorithm uses a sliding window based approach and generates a number of features for each window. Then, a trained classifier recognizes whether the window contains genitalia or not, and provides a confidence level.
Peering at Peerings: On the Role of IXP Route Servers

During the last few years, more and more of the medium-to-large Internet eXchange Points (IXP) around the world have started to operate a route server and offer its use as a free value-added service to their members. This service has greatly simplified inter-domain routing for those members and has made it easy for them to peer with possibly hundreds of networks at those IXPs from the get-go. In this paper, we report on an empirical analysis that is based on a unique collection of IXP-provided datasets from two different European IXPs that operate a route server and gave us access to a wealth of route server-specific BGP data. Both IXPs also made the traffic datasets that they routinely collect from their public switching infrastructures available to us. Using this information, we perform a first-of-its-kind study that correlates a detailed control plane view with a rich data plane view to reason about the different peering options available at these IXPs and how some of the major Internet players make use of them. In the process, we highlight the important role that the IXPs' route servers play for inter-domain routing in today's Internet and demonstrate the benefits of studying IXP peerings in a manner that is not agnostic but fully aware of traffic. We conclude with a discussion of some of the ramifications of our findings for both network researchers and operators.
Differential processing of influenza nucleoprotein in human and mouse cells

To investigate how early events in antigen processing affect the repertoire of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules, we compared the presentation of the influenza A nucleoprotein epitope 265 – 273 by HLA‐A3 class I molecules in human and mouse cells. Mouse cells that express HLA‐A3 failed to present the NP265 – 273 peptide when contained within the full‐length nucleoprotein, to HLA‐A3‐restricted human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, when the epitope was generated directly in the cytosol using a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed the nonamer peptide, mouse cells were recognized by HLA‐A3‐restricted CTL. Poor transport of the peptide by mouse TAP was not responsible for the defect as co‐infection of mouse cells with recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding the full‐length nucleoprotein and the human TAP1 and TAP2 peptide transporter complex failed to restore presentation. These results therefore demonstrate a differential processing of the influenza nucleoprotein in mouse and human cells. This polymorphism influences the repertoire of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules at the cell surface.
A 0.18-$muhbox m$CMOS Selective Receiver Front-End for UWB Applications

This paper addresses the problem of 5-6-GHz WLAN interferer rejection in a direct-conversion receiver front-end for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The IC, realized in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology, comprises a single-ended voltage-voltage feedback low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a quadrature mixer. The LNA employs a double-peak single-notch network in the output load, amplifying UWB groups #1 and #3, while rejecting WLAN interferes in the 5-6-GHz frequency range. The mixer, based on a merged quadrature topology, also realizes a second-order low-pass filtering. Fabricated dies have been bonded on PCB for characterization. The front-end, drawing 10 mA from 1.8 V, achieves a 1-dB gain desensitization with a -6.5-dBm interferer power at 5.5 GHz. Other measured performances are 5.2-dB and 7.7-dB minimum and maximum noise figure (NF), -3.5-dBm minimum IIP3 and +34.5-dBm minimum in-band IIP2 and +21-dBm out-of-band IIP2
Visualization of Multidimensional Sensor Data in Industrial Engineering

Sensors have become increasingly deployed in many areas, and especially in industrial engineering settings. Sensor data is however temporal, massive, and multidimensional in nature. Such characteristics make it difficult to render sensor data for visual analysis. Although there exist potential visualizations for sensor data, there is very little specific guidance in literature on the visualization of sensor data in order to support industrial engineers in decision making. Existing visualizations are not always readily applicable to the domain of industrial engineering. This paper sheds more light on the area and proposes a visualization environment for supporting industrial engineers in their tasks.