Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updated gravitational-wave upper limits on the internal magnetic field strength of recycled pulsars

Recent calculations of the hydromagnetic deformation of a stratified, non-barotropic neutron star are generalized to describe objects with superconducting interiors, whose magnetic permeability μ is much smaller than the vacuum value μ0. It is found that the star remains oblate if the poloidal magnetic field energy is ≳40 per cent of the total magnetic field energy, that the toroidal field is confined to a torus which shrinks as μ decreases and that the deformation is much larger (by a factor of ∼μ0/μ) than that in a non-superconducting object. The results are applied to the latest direct and indirect upper limits on the gravitational-wave emission from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and radio pulse timing (spin-down) observations of 81 millisecond pulsars, to show how one can use these observations to infer the internal field strength. It is found that the indirect spin-down limits already imply astrophysically interesting constraints on the poloidal–toroidal field ratio and the diamagnetic shielding factor (by which accretion reduces the observable external magnetic field e.g. by burial). These constraints will improve following gravitational-wave detections, with implications for accretion-driven magnetic field evolution in recycled pulsars and the hydromagnetic stability of these objects’ interiors.
Spin dependence of ferroelectric polarization in the double exchange model for manganites

The double exchange (DE) model is systematically applied for studying the coupling between ferroelectric (FE) and magnetic orders in several prototypical types of multiferroic manganites. The model was constructed for the magnetically active Mn $3d$ bands in the basis of Wannier functions and include the effect of screened on-site Coulomb interactions. The essence of our approach for the FE polarization is to use the Berry phase theory, formulated in terms of occupied Wannier functions, and to evaluate the asymmetric spin-dependent change of these functions in the framework of the DE model. This enables us to quantify the effect of the magnetic symmetry breaking and derive several useful expressions for the electronic polarization ${\bf P}$, depending on the relative directions of spins. The proposed theory is applied to the solution of three major problems: (i) The magnetic-state dependence of ${\bf P}$ in hexagonal manganites; (ii) The microscopic relationship between canted ferromagnetism and ${\bf P}$ in monoclinic BiMnO$_3$; (iii) The origin of FE activity in orthorhombic manganites. We show that for an arbitrary noncollinear magnetic structure, propagating along the orthorhombic $\boldsymbol{b}$ axis and antiferromagnetically coupled $\boldsymbol{c}$, ${\bf P}$ can be obtained by scaling the one of the E-phase with the prefactor depending only on the relative directions of spins and being the measure of the spin inhomogeneity. This picture works equally well for the twofold (HoMnO$_3$) and fourfold (TbMnO$_3$) periodic manganites. The basic difference is that the twofold periodic magnetic structure is strongly inhomogeneous, that leads to large ${\bf P}$. On the contrary, the fourfold periodic magnetic structure can be viewed as a moderately distorted homogeneous spin spiral, which corresponds to weaker ${\bf P}$.
Drip fertigation for greater yam (Dioscorea alata) and maize (Zea mays) intercropping

An experiment was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. Main and sub plots consisted of drip irrigation [I1- at 80% of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) during 1-270 days after planting (DAP), I2-at 100% of CPE during 1-90 DAP + at 80% of CPE during 91-270 DAP and I3-at 100% of CPE during 1-270 DAP] and fertigation (F1-N-P2O5-K2O 100-90-100 kg/ha, F2-N-P2O5-K2O 120-90-120 kg/ha, F3-N-P2O5-K2O 140-90-140 kg/ha and F4- N-P2O5-K2O 160-90-160 kg/ha) treatments respectively. The drip irrigation treatments I1(F2) and I2(F2) saved 17.3% (690 m3/ha) and 7.8% (310 m3/ha) irrigated water over surface flood irrigation at same level of fertilizer application (N-P2O5-K2O 120-90-120 kg/ha) (check). Electricity consumption saved 104 (17.4%) and 47 (7.9%) kWh/ha by adopting drip irrigation levels I1(F2) and I2(F2), respectively over check. The system productivity with the application of N-P2O5-K2O 100-90-100 kg/ha (F1) along with drip irrigation at I2 was comparable with check which indicated a net saving of N-K2O 20-20 kg/ha. The net income from drip irrigated greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.) + maize (Zea mays L.) under I1(F2) and I2(F2) was about 9 100 and 62 100 ₹/ha higher than the crop cultivated with surface flood irrigation (check), respectively. Greater system productivity in the treatments I2F4 (31.8%) and I2F3 (29.9%) over check indicated fertilizer responsiveness under drip fertigation. Considering environmental and economical impact, the partial deficit drip irrigation and fertigation treatment I2F3 could be the best for greater yam+maize intercropping system.
Mapping of Two Major QTLs Controlling Flowering Time in Brassica napus Using a High-Density Genetic Map

Research on the flowering habit of rapeseed is important for the selection of varieties adapted to specific ecological environments. Here, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the days-to-flowering trait were identified using a doubled haploid population of 178 lines derived from a cross between the winter type SGDH284 and the semi-winter type 158A. A linkage map encompassing 3268.01 cM was constructed using 2777 bin markers obtained from next-generation sequencing. The preliminary mapping results revealed 56 QTLs for the days to flowering in the six replicates in the three environments. Twelve consensus QTLs were identified by a QTL meta-analysis, two of which (cqDTF-C02 and cqDTF-C06) were designated as major QTLs. Based on the micro-collinearity of the target regions between B. napus and Arabidopsis, four genes possibly related to flowering time were identified in the cqDTF-C02 interval, and only one gene possibly related to flowering time was identified in the cqDTF-C06 interval. A tightly linked insertion–deletion marker for the cqFT-C02 locus was developed. These findings will aid the breeding of early maturing B. napus varieties.
Monitoring of Hidden Corrosion Growth in Aircraft Structures Based on D-Sight Inspections and Image Processing

Hidden corrosion in aircraft structures, not detected on time, can have a significant influence on aircraft structural integrity and lead to catastrophic consequences. According to the widely accepted damage tolerance philosophy, non-destructive inspections are performed to assess structural safety and reliability. One of the inspection techniques used for such an inspection is the optical D-Sight technique. Since D-Sight is used primarily as a qualitative method, it is difficult to assess the evolution of a structural condition simply by comparing the inspection results. In the following study, the method to monitor hidden corrosion growth is proposed on the basis of historical data from D-Sight inspections. The method is based on geometric transforms and segmentation techniques to remove the influence of measurement conditions, such as the angle of observation or illumination, and to compare corroded regions for a sequence of D-Sight images acquired during historical inspections. The analysis of the proposed method was performed on the sequences of D-Sight images acquired from inspections of Polish military aircraft in the period from 2002 to 2017. The proposed method represents an effective tool for monitoring hidden corrosion growth in metallic aircraft structures based on a sequence of D-Sight images.
Effect of negative chemical pressure on the prototypical itinerant magnet MnSi

The evolution of the magnetic and charge transport properties of itinerant magnetic metal MnSi with the substitution of Al and Ga on the Si site is investigated. We observe an increase in unit cell volume indicating that both Al and Ga substitutions create negative chemical pressure. There are substantial increases in the Curie temperature and the ordered moment demonstrating that the substitutions give the magnetism a more local character. The substitutions also increase the range of temperature and field where the skyrmion phase is stable due to a change in the character of the magnetism. In contrast to the behavior of pure MnSi and expectations for the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect, we find a significant temperature dependence to the magnitude and sign of anomalous Hall conductivity constant in Al or Ga substituted samples. This temperature dependence likely reflects changes in the spin-orbit coupling strength with temperature, which may have significant consequences on the helical and skyrmion states. Overall, we observe a continuous evolution of magnetic and charge transport properties through positive to negative pressure
AI-Enabled Soft Versatile Grasping for High-Mixed-Low-Volume Applications with Tactile Feedbacks

Handling mass customized products is one of the key challenges in manufacturing and logistic industries. Flexible solutions which can cater to novel objects are desirable in these industries which are continually producing unique catalogues of products. However, most of the robotic grasping solutions on the market are not suitable for novel objects in high mix and low volume scenarios. Currently, the gaps in the areas of grasping accuracy and speed are impeding the widespread adoption of robotic grasping in these industries. This research aims to improve the grasping capability for novel objects and demonstrate robotic grasping using soft grippers based on data driven learning to accommodate novel objects with varying shapes and textures.We compare data driven approach with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach and found that the limitations of DRL such as being data-intensive, complex, and collision-prone reduce its industry readiness level. Therefore, we opt for PointNetGPD which is a data driven approach in this research. We have also performed a comprehensive market survey on tactile sensors and soft grippers with consideration of factors such as price, sensitivity, simplicity and modularity. Based on our evaluation, we choose Rochu two-fingered soft gripper with our customized Force Sensing Resistors (FSR) force sensors mounted on the fingertips because of Rochu’s modularity and compatibility with these tactile sensors.Finally, we conduct data training using soft gripper configuration and test various fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) products inclusive of fruits and vegetables which are unknown to the database. The grasping accuracy is improved from 75% based on Push and Grasp to 81% based on PointNetGPD. Our versatile grasping platform is independent of gripper configurations and robot models.
The power spectrum of solar convection flows from high-resolution observations and 3D simulations

We compare Fourier spectra of photospheric velocity fields from very high resolution IMaX observations to those from recent 3D numerical magnetoconvection models. We carry out a proper comparison by synthesizing spectral lines from the numerical models and then applying to them the adequate residual instrumental degradation that affects the observational data. Also, the validity of the usual observational proxies is tested by obtaining synthetic observations from the numerical boxes and comparing the velocity proxies to the actual velocity values from the numerical grid. For the observations, data from the SUNRISE/IMaX instrument with about 120 km spatial resolution are used, thus allowing the calculation of observational Fourier spectra well into the subgranular range. For the simulations, we use four series of runs obtained with the STAGGER code and synthesize the IMaX spectral line (FeI 5250.2 A) from them. Proxies for the velocity field are obtained via Dopplergrams (vertical component) and local correlation tracking (horizontal component). A very good match between observational and simulated Fourier power spectra is obtained for the vertical velocity data for scales between 200 km and 6 Mm. Instead, a clear vertical shift is obtained when the synthetic observations are not degraded. The match for the horizontal velocity data is much less impressive because of the inaccuracies of the LCT procedure. Concerning the internal comparison of the direct velocity values of the numerical boxes with those from the synthetic observations, a high correlation (0.96) is obtained for the vertical component when using the velocity values on the log($tau_{500}$) = -1 surface in the box. The corresponding Fourier spectra are near each other. A lower maximum correlation (0.5) is reached (at $tau_{500}$ = 1) for the horizontal velocities as a result of the coarseness of the LCT procedure.
Variable order Runge--Kutta codes

The most popular methods for the solution of a non-stiff, but otherwise general, initial-value problem for an ordinary differential equation are the Adams, Runge--Kutta, and extrapolation methods (A, R-K, and E, respectively). If one could select at each step the best fixed-order R-K code for the step, the resulting algorithm would compete with A codes in derivative evaluations and present important advantages. Four codes based on different approaches have been written and studied. The RKSW code is rather successful. The earlier RKSG code is also described in some detail. Contrasting the ways these two codes handle a given task illuminates the construction of R-K codes which vary their order and the construction of mathematical software from a collection of goals and algorithmic ideas. (RWR)
Trapped-ion probing of light-induced charging effects on dielectrics

We use a string of confined 40Ca+ ions to measure perturbations to a trapping potential which are caused by the light-induced charging of an antireflection-coated window and of insulating patches on the ion-trap electrodes. The electric fields induced at the ions' position are characterized as a function of distance to the dielectric and as a function of the incident optical power and wavelength. The measurement of the ion-string position is sensitive to as few as 40 elementary charges per on the dielectric at distances of the order of millimetres, and perturbations are observed for illuminations with light of wavelengths as large as 729 nm. This has important implications for the future of miniaturized ion-trap experiments, notably with regard to the choice of electrode material and the optics that must be integrated in the vicinity of the ion. The method presented here can be readily applied to the investigation of charging effects beyond the context of ion-trap experiments.
Sideband Harmonic Model Considering Sampling Delay Effect in the PMSM Drives With Regular Sampled SVPWM Technique under the Low Carrier Frequency Ratio

Regular sampled space vector pulsewidth modulation is a widely implemented technique in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives with the voltage-source inverter. The modulation technique would generate the sideband harmonics and increase electromagnetic loss, vibration, and acoustic noise. Therefore, a fast and accurate evaluation of sideband harmonics is particularly important. However, the carrier frequency ratio could be relatively low in some applications, which means it would cause sampling delay and influence the sideband harmonics. This article analyzes the sampling delay effect in PMSM drives, and proposes a modified sideband harmonic model using Lagrange expansion and complex coordinate transformation for both symmetric and asymmetric regular sampling methods. Furthermore, the amplitudes and phases of whole sideband harmonic components are derived. Experimental results are carried out to validate the accuracy improvement of the modified model, which reveals that it could give a superior estimation of the sideband harmonics in the PMSM drives under the low carrier frequency ratio.
Measurement and Decomposition of the Health Poverty of Rural Residents in China

Narrowing the health gap and promoting health equality is the key to effectively blocking the intergenerational transmission of rural poverty. Previous studies have mainly focused on the relationship between health and poverty, but assessments of health poverty are lacking, especially with regard to the health poverty of rural residents. Based on China’s large sample household survey data, this study uses the Alkire–Foster (AF) method to measure and decompose the health poverty of rural residents. The results show that the health poverty of Chinese rural residents greatly improved from 2016 to 2018. However, significant regional differences exist with regard to the level of health poverty. The marginal contribution of economic poverty alleviation is diminishing; the equalization of health services and security has shifted to a policy focus. Community environmental management has also become an important aspect of health poverty governance, and individual health literacy and behavior have played an important role in endogenous poverty alleviation. Ultimately, this paper offers some insightful policy implications. This study extends the multidimensional poverty measurement system and reveals the relationship between health poverty and regional economic and social development. The findings also enhance the understanding of the health poverty of rural residents in developing countries.
Proofs of the Cantor-Bernstein Theorem: A Mathematical Excursion

Preface. - Part I: Cantor and Dedekind. - Cantor's CBT proof for sets of the power of (II). - Generalizing Cantor's CBT proof. - CBT in Cantor's 1878 Beitrag. - The theory of inconsistent sets. - Comparability in Cantor's writings. - The scheme of complete disjunction. - Ruptures in the Cantor-Dedekind correspondence. - The inconsistency of Dedekind's infinite set. - Dedekind's proof of CBT. - Part II: The early proofs. - Schroder's Proof of CBT. - Bernstein, Borel and CBT. - Schoenflies' 1900 proof of CBT. - Zermelo's 1901 proof of CBT. - Bernstein's Division Theorem. - Part III: Under the logicist sky. - Russell's 1902 proof of CBT. - The role of CBT in Russell's Paradox. - Jourdain's 1904 generalization of Grundlagen. - Harward 1905 on Jourdain 1904. - Poincare and CBT. - Peano's proof of CBT. - J. Konig's strings gestalt. - From kings to graphs. - Jourdain's improvements round. - Zermelo's 1908 proof of CBT. - Korselt's proof of CB. - Proofs of CBT in Principia Mathematica. - The origin of Hausdorff Paradox in BDT. - Part IV: At the Polish school. - Sierpinski's proofs of BDT. - Banach's proof of CBT. - Kuratowski's proof of BDT. - Early fixed-point CBT proofs: Whittaker Tarski-Knaster. - CBT and BDT for order-types. - Sikorski's proof of CBT for Boolean algebras. - Tarski's proofs of BDT and the inequality-BDT. - Tarski's Fixed-Point Theorem and CBT. - Reichbach's proof of CBT. - Part V: Other ends and beginnings. - Hellmann's proof of CBT. - CBT and intuitionism. - CBT in category theory. - Conclusion. - Bibliography. - Index of names. - Index of subjects.
Driver Distraction Detection Using Advanced Deep Learning Technologies Based on Images

Driver distraction is an important factor leading to traffic accidents. The identification of drivers’ distracted states is of great significance to improve traffic safety. This paper presents a new driver distraction discrimination method by comprehensively deploying transfer learning technologies in deep learning algorithms. We use three publicly available datasets (i.e., state farm, origin, and 3MDAD) to verify the effectiveness of the developed methods based on Alexnet, VGG16, and Resnet18. The images with high recognition errors are further investigated by class activation map. The experiment results show that Resnet18 on origin has the best performance. The accuracies of the developed methods based on Alexnet, VGG16, and Resnet18 can achieve 99.92%, 100%, and 99.99% on the origin dataset, respectively. The accuracies of the Resnet18 - based method on state farm and 3MDAD are 84.82% and 97.7%, respectively. Our proposed methods can well support the development of distraction detection applications in transportation systems.
Wander: An AI-driven Chatbot to Visit the Future Earth

This artwork presents an intelligent chatbot called Wander. This work used knowledge-based story generation to facilitate a narrative AI chatbot on daily communication platforms, producing interactive fiction with the most accessible natural language input: text messages. On social media platforms such as Discord and WeChat, Wander can generate a science-fiction style travelogue about the future earth, including text, images and global coordinates (GPS) based on real-world locations (e.g. Paris). The journeys are visualised in real-time on an interactive map that can be updated with participants' data. Based on Viktor Shklovsky's defamiliarization technique, we present how an AI agent can become a storyteller through common messages in daily life and lead participants to see the world from new perspectives. The website of this work is: https://wander001.com/
A 12-Gb/s Baud-Rate Clock and Data Recovery With 75% Phase-Detection Probability by Precoding and Integration-Hold-Reset Frontend

This brief describes a 12-Gb/s quarter-rate receiver with a current-integrating baud-rate clock and data recovery (CDR) technique. The proposed CDR receives a pre-encoded non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data stream and integrates with 0.5-UI phase offset to extract the phase information. By sampling three consecutive symbols with multiple thresholds in the proposed phase detector, the CDR achieves a 75% phase-detection probability, which is the highest among baud-rate CDRs and leads to a better tracking bandwidth and jitter tolerance. The 12-Gb/s baud-rate CDR prototype is implemented in a 28 nm CMOS process and consumes 77 mW from a 1.2-V supply.
Investigation of Engineering Students’ Attitude towards Virtual Labs during the COVID-19 Distance Education

This study aims to assess engineering students’ experience with virtual labs (VLs) during the COVID-19 distant education. It is based on a questionnaire that was prepared and distributed to students from two Bulgarian universities. The data is used to assess the efficiency of the different instructional delivery methods, the impact of VLs on the respondents' motivation, as well as their vision regarding the future of VLs in the post-COVID educational system. The obtained results indicate that students in different engineering areas have a different attitude towards VLs and even though their motivation is influenced positively, the majority expects face-to-face labs to be dominating over virtual ones.
Improving frequency selection of driven pulses using derivative-based transition suppression

Many techniques in quantum control rely on frequency separation as a means for suppressing unwanted couplings. In its simplest form, the mechanism relies on the low bandwidth of control pulses of long duration. Here we perform a higher-order quantum-mechanical treatment that allows for higher precision and shorter times. In particular, we identify three kinds of off-resonant effects: i) simultaneous unwanted driven couplings (e.g. due to drive crosstalk), ii) additional (initially undriven) transitions such as those in an infinite ladder system, and iii) sideband frequencies of the driving waveform such as we find in corrections to the rotating wave approximation. With a framework that is applicable to all three cases, in addition to the known adiabatic error responsible for a shift of the energy levels we typically see in the spectroscopy of such systems, we derive error terms in a controlled expansion corresponding to higher order adiabatic effects and diabatic excitations. We show, by also expanding the driving waveform in a basis of different order derivatives of a trial function (typically a Gaussian) these different error terms can be corrected for in a systematic way hence strongly improving quantum control of systems with dense spectra.