Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Code Repair Based on Inferred Specifications

Techniques for automated code repair have the potential for greatly aiding in the development of secure and correct code. There are currently a few major difficulties confronting the development and deployment of tools for automated repair, we examine these and briefly explore possible solutions. To give a flavor of what automated repair might look like, we discuss in detail three types of proposed automated repair: (1) repairing inequality comparisons involving integer overflow to behave the same as if unlimited-bitwidth integers were used, (2) inserting memory bounds checks where needed, using dynamic analysis to infer tightest correct bounds, (3) inserting missing authorization checks in a client-server application based on an inferred access control policy.
Psychotherapy for borderline personality : focusing on object relations

Preface. The nature of borderline personality organization. Treatment of borderline pathology: the strategies of transference-focused psychotherapy. Techniques of treatment: the moment-to-moment interventions. Tactics of treatment: laying the foundation for the techniques. Assessment phase, I: clinical evaluation and treatment selection. Assessment phase, II: treatment contracting. Early treatment phase: tests of the frame and impulse containment. Midphase of treatment: movement toward integration with episodes of regression. Advanced phase of treatment and termination. Common treatment complications. Changes processes in transference-focused psychotherapy: theoretical and empirical approaches. References. Index.
Traffic grooming for IP-Over-WDM networks: Energy and delay perspectives

As energy consumption has become a major concern of networks, traffic grooming studies on Internet protocol over wavelength division multiplexing (IP-over-WDM) networks have been revisited for energy-efficient optical network applications. Traffic grooming techniques can save on the number of installed lightpaths and corresponding IP router line cards at the cost of traffic processing overhead. Energy awareness in networking device development has initiated improvement of the energy-traffic proportionality of networking devices. Accordingly, networks will consist of networking devices with a wide range of energy-traffic proportionalities. Therefore, previously known traffic grooming techniques may not achieve energy-efficient networking in high energy-traffic proportional networks. Moreover, the traffic grooming technique tends to prefer longer paths, which are responsible for longer transmission delays. These two concerns trigger investigation of new aspects of heuristic traffic grooming algorithms for green and low delay optical networks consisting of network devices with diverse energy-traffic proportionalities. This paper demonstrates that a heuristic traffic grooming algorithm enhanced by comparison with direct bypass routing improves both energy and delay performances in a high energy-traffic proportionality regime. A hottest-first sorting policy in flow provisioning can further improve delay performance even in a low energy-traffic proportionality regime.
An endogenous circadian rhythm of respiratory control in humans

1 Many physiological and behavioural functions have circadian rhythms – endogenous oscillations with a period of approximately 24 h that can occur even in the absence of sleep. We determined whether there is an endogenous circadian rhythm in breathing, metabolism and ventilatory chemosensitivity in humans. 2 Ten healthy, adult males were studied throughout 4 days in a stable laboratory environment. After two initial baseline days (16 h wakefulness plus 8 h sleep) that served to achieve a steady state, subjects were studied under constant behavioural and environmental conditions throughout 41 h of wakefulness. Ventilation, metabolism and the magnitude of the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) were measured every 2 h. Individuals’ data were aligned according to circadian phase (core body temperature minimum; CBTmin) and averaged. 3 In the group average data, there was a significant and large amplitude circadian variation in HCVR slope (average of ±0.4 l min−1 mmHg−1; corresponding to ±12.1 % of 24 h mean), and a smaller amplitude rhythm in the HCVR x‐axis intercept (average of ±1.1 mmHg; ±2.1 % of 24 h mean). 4 Despite a significant circadian variation in metabolism (±3.2 % of 24 h mean), there were no detectable rhythms in tidal volume, respiratory frequency or ventilation. This small discrepancy between metabolism and ventilation led to a small but significant circadian variation in end‐tidal PCO2(PET,CO2; ±0.6 mmHg; ±1.5 % of 24 h mean). 5 The circadian minima of the group‐averaged respiratory variables occurred 6‐8 h earlier than CBTmin, suggesting that endogenous changes in CBT across the circadian cycle have less of an effect on respiration than equivalent experimentally induced changes in CBT. 6 Throughout these circadian changes, there were no correlations between HCVR parameters (slope or x‐axis intercept) and either resting ventilation or resting PET,CO2. This suggests that ventilation and PET,CO2 are little influenced by central chemosensory respiratory control in awake humans even when at rest under constant environmental and behavioural conditions. 7 The characteristic change in PET,CO2 during non‐rapid eye movement sleep was shown to be independent of circadian variations in PET,CO2, and probably reflects a change from predominantly behavioural to predominantly chemosensory respiratory control. 8 This study has documented the existence and magnitude of circadian variations in respiration and respiratory control in awake humans for the first time under constant behavioural and environmental conditions. These results provide unique insights into respiratory control in awake humans, and highlight the importance of considering the phase of the circadian cycle in studies of respiratory control.
Effects of Fatty Infiltration of the Liver on the Shannon Entropy of Ultrasound Backscattered Signals

This study explored the effects of fatty infiltration on the signal uncertainty of ultrasound backscattered echoes from the liver. Standard ultrasound examinations were performed on 107 volunteers. For each participant, raw ultrasound image data of the right lobe of liver were acquired using a clinical scanner equipped with a 3.5-MHz convex transducer. An algorithmic scheme was proposed for ultrasound B-mode and entropy imaging. Fatty liver stage was evaluated using a sonographic scoring system. Entropy values constructed using the ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) and uncompressed envelope signals (denoted by HR and HE, respectively) as a function of fatty liver stage were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Data were expressed as the median and interquartile range (IQR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed to obtain the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The brightness of the entropy image typically increased as the fatty stage varied from mild to severe. The median value of HR monotonically increased from 4.69 (IQR: 4.60–4.79) to 4.90 (IQR: 4.87–4.92) as the severity of fatty liver increased (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001). Concurrently, the median value of HE increased from 4.80 (IQR: 4.69–4.89) to 5.05 (IQR: 5.02–5.07) (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001). In particular, the AUCs obtained using HE (95% CI) were 0.93 (0.87–0.99), 0.88 (0.82–0.94), and 0.76 (0.65–0.87) for fatty stages ≥mild, ≥moderate, and ≥severe, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 93.33%, 83.11%, and 86.00%, respectively (≥mild). Fatty infiltration increases the uncertainty of backscattered signals from livers. Ultrasound entropy imaging has potential for the routine examination of fatty liver disease.
An α-Proteobacterium Converts Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate Surfactants into Sulfophenylcarboxylates and Linear Alkyldiphenyletherdisulfonate Surfactants into Sulfodiphenylethercarboxylates

ABSTRACT The surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS; 0.5 mM) or linear monoalkyldiphenyletherdisulfonate (LADPEDS; 0.5 mM) in salts medium was easily degraded in laboratory trickling filters, whereas carbon-limited, aerobic enrichment cultures in suspended culture with the same inocula did not grow. We took portions of the trickling filters which degraded LADPEDS, shook the organisms from the solid support (polyester), and found that growth in suspended culture in LADPEDS-salts medium occurred only in the presence of some solid support (polyester fleece or glass wool), though little biomass was immobilized on the support. The end products in suspended culture were identical with those from the trickling filters. There was low plating efficiency of LADPEDS-grown cultures on complex medium, and no picked colony or mixture of colonies grew in LADPEDS-salts-glass wool medium. However, selective plates containing LADPEDS-salts medium solidified with agarose yielded LADPEDS-dependent, pinpoint colonies which could be picked singly and subcultured in selective liquid medium. Isolate DS-1 was a bacterium which showed 93% sequence homology (16S ribosomal DNA) to its nearest phylogenetic neighbor, an α-proteobacterium. Strain DS-1 grew heterotrophically in LADPEDS-salts-glass wool medium and converted the set of aryl-substituted alkanes to the corresponding aryl-substituted carboxylic acids of shorter chain length. Similarly, strain DS-1 grew heterotrophically with commercial LAS, converting it to a set of sulfophenylcarboxylates. Growth with a single isomer of LAS [3-(4-sulfophenyl)dodecane] was concomitant with excretion of 4-(4-sulfophenyl)hexanoate, which was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The growth yield (6.4 g of protein/mol of C) indicated mass balance, which, with the specific growth rate (0.05 h−1), indicated a specific utilization rate of LAS of 2.2 mkat/kg of protein.
Neural Correlates of Age-related Reduction in Visual Motion Priming

ABSTRACT Previously we reported that priming of visual motion perception is reduced in older adults compared to younger adults (Jiang, Greenwood, & Parasuraman, 1999, Psychology and Aging, 14(4), 619; Jiang, Luo, & Parasuraman, 2002b, Neuropsychology, 16(2), 140). To examine the neural mechanisms underlying this age-related effect, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded during perceptual judgments of motion directions by younger and older adults in two experiments. When judging single-step motion, both younger and older adults evoked significantly larger ERP late positive component (LPC) responses to unambiguous motion compared to LPC responses elicited by ambiguous motion. In contrast, compared to the younger adults, the older adults evoked comparable but delayed ERP responses to single motion steps. In the second experiment the younger and older groups judged the directions of two successive motion-steps (either motion priming or motion reversals). Under short (200–400 ms) stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), the difference between the ERP responses to priming and reversal conditions was significantly larger for the younger than for the older adults. This study provides the first electrophysiological evidence that brain aging leads to delayed processing of single motion direction and visual motion priming as early as 100 ms in the early visual cortex. Age-related changes in strength and temporal characteristics of neural responses in temporal-parietal regions were particularly pronounced in older adults when successive motion signals are placed closely in time, within 400 ms.
Numerical simulations of type I planetary migration in non‐turbulent magnetized discs

Using 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations performed with two different finite-difference Eulerian codes, we analyse the effect that a toroidal magnetic field has on low-mass planet migration in non-turbulent protoplanetary discs. The presence of the magnetic field modifies the waves that can propagate in the disc. In agreement with a recent linear analysis, we find that two magnetic resonances develop on both sides of the planet orbit, which contribute to a significant global torque. In order to measure the torque exerted by the disc on the planet, we perform simulations in which the latter is either fixed on a circular orbit or allowed to migrate. For a 5-M ○+ planet, when the ratio β between the square of the sound speed and that of the Alfven speed at the location of the planet is equal to 2, we find inward migration when the magnetic field B Φ is uniform in the disc, reduced migration when B Φ decreases as r -1 and outward migration when B Φ decreases as r -2 . These results are in agreement with predictions from the linear analysis. Taken as a whole, our results confirm that even a subthermal stable field can stop inward migration of an earth-like planet.
SCENE BASED TWO-POINT NON- UNIFORMITY CORRECTION of THERMAL IMAGES

Infrared imaging is a branch of technology that uses Infrared radiation to create an image. Night vision image equipment which uses infrared radiation play an important role for military and civilian applications, and the key kernel is no-light-level image processing system The presence of nonuniformities in the resultant image is a severe problem. In this paper, we present a scene based two point non-uniformity correction method to improve its vision quality. Gain and Offsets are calculated for a particular frame and the analysis is done based on the corresponding gain and offset coefficients. The non-uniformities are removed and bad pixels can be replaced.
THE MULTI-FACES OF PROCRASTINATION

Often people procrastinate unpleasant tasks for immediate gratification in doing nothing today. Therefore many scholars have been engaged in designing incentive schemes to avoid it. We think the process is very complicated and many features need to be analyzed, as the subjective evaluations of succeeding and rewards. Moreover, sometime people procrastinate because they feel insecure, investing to improve their performance hoping in a better result in the long run. This process can be dangerous, producing as result that we call “the curse of perfectionism”. Nevertheless procrastination may also have positive consequences if people spend their time in alternative activities, also useful for other ex post best rewarded tasks. We call this case as “productive procrastination”. In this paper we explore all these possibilities and underline conditions for they happen. We also discuss our results according to the difference between naive and sophisticated subjects.
Women's bodies, self-perception and physical activity: a naturalistic study of women's participation in aerobics classes. Part 1.

The aim of this study was to describe the behaviour and perceptions of women in aerobic or exercise to music classes. In particular, the study examined the meaning women attach to this activity choice and the interaction of aerobics participation with cultural pressures and beliefs such as that of the ‘ideal female bodyshape’. A naturalistic method of study was chosen in order to gain a comprehensive view of the subjective experience of aerobics participation. Approximately fifty female health club members were observed over a three month period in order to identify and describe patterns of involvement, behaviour and perception and the factors affecting them. Six groups of women were identified. These were ‘Naturals’, ‘Compulsive’, ‘Functional Feminist’. Several factors were observed as potentially contributing to the patterns observed. These included attitude toward perceived cultural ideals and pressures of female expectation and shape, perceptions of aerobics and exercise, pre-occupation with slenderness and bodyshape, self-image and body image. The relationship between these factors was found to be dynamic and reciprocal, with participation possibly intensifying or alternately reducing bodyshape concern. Aerobics was seen to have a multifaceted yet very individual and important appeal to the women observed.
A Virtual Crowdsourcing Community for Open Collaboration in Science Processes

Although science has become an increasingly collaborative endeavor over the last hundred years, only little attention has been devoted to supporting scientific communities. Our work focuses on scientific collaborations that revolve around complex science questions that require significant coordination to synthesize multi-disciplinary findings, enticing contributors to remain engaged for extended periods of time, and continuous growth to accommodate new contributors as needed as the work evolves over time. This paper presents a virtual crowdsourcing community for open collaboration in science processes to address these challenges. Our solution is based on the Semantic MediaWiki and extends it with new features for scientific collaboration. We present preliminary results from the usage of the interface in a pilot research project.
Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, citrinin, patulin, penicillic acid, tenuazonic acid, ochratoxin A, cytochalasins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, fusarin C, fusaric acid, and zearalenone are considered the types that most contaminate cereal grain. The majority of the mycotoxins in these groups are produced by three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. These metabolites primarily affect the seed quality, germination, viability, seedling vigour, growth of root and cleoptile. Additionally, since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonize living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. Several studies highlight the toxic effects of mycotoxins on animals and cell lines but little is known about the mode of action of most of these metabolites on plant cells. The most important mycotoxins with phytotoxic effects and their producers in addition to their discovery are briefly outlined below and will be addressed in this article.
Translation dictionaries triangulation

Probabilistic Translation Dictionaries (PTD) are translation resources that can be obtained automatically from parallel corpora. Although this process is simple, it requires the existence of a parallel corpora for the involved languages. Minoritized languages have a limited amount of available resources. For example, while they can have a few parallel corpora, the number of parallel language-pairs uses to be restricted. We defend that if a minoritized language A has a parallel corpus with a language B, and language B has a parallel corpus with another language C, then we can obtain a helpful probabilistic translation dictionary between A and C. In this document we will formalize the probabilistic translation dictionaries triangulation, perform some experiments making the triangulation between Galician, English and Italian, and conclude with an evaluation of the proposed approach. Index Terms : probabilistic translation dictionaries, parallel corpora
Ação e participação dos atores domésticos para influenciar a posição brasileira na rodada de negociações agrícolas da OMC

Este estudo buscou compreender como se da a participacao dos atores domesticos na formulacao da posicao brasileira nas negociacoes agricolas, da Rodada de Doha da OMC. As reflexoes sobre o assunto foram amparadas na Teoria dos Jogos de Dois Niveis, de Putnam (2010), na qual o autor parte do pressuposto de que toda negociacao internacional envolve uma dimensao domestica. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram uma rede de articulacao de atores domesticos, inclusive dentro do proprio governo, com interesses heterogeneos e visoes diferenciadas da agricultura brasileira.
Neurotic Styles and the Five Factor Model of Personality

This study investigates the relationship between David Shapiro's (1965) concept of neurotic styles (a categorical model) and the five-factor model of personality (a dimensional model). Although the neurotic styles are often thought of as being discrete categories, Shapiro's description of these categories can be interpreted as being organized along a dimension called mode of cognition, with diffuseness at one end and rigidity at the other. Shapiro's description of diffuseness and rigidity parallels certain facet scales that make up the Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness domain scales of the five-factor model. Therefore, a traditional categorical model and the modern dimensional model may be integratable. To test this possibility, three scales were used: the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R; Costa and McCrae, 1992), the Clinical Multiaxial- Inventory (MCMI-III; Millon's, 1997) and a new scale constructed for this study called the Cognitive Diffuseness Questionnaire (CDQ). The results provide mixed support for the current model in the context of the five-factor model. This study provides limited support for the existence of a single continuum with diffuseness on one end and rigidity on another. Instead, diffuseness and rigidity appear to best be described as two separate continua.
Immunologic tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells: their common role in controlling autoimmunity, tumor immunity, and transplantation tolerance

Summary: There is accumulating evidence that T‐cell‐mediated dominant control of self‐reactive T‐cells contributes to the maintenance of immunologic self‐tolerance and its alteration can cause autoimmune disease. Efforts to delineate such a regulatory T‐cell population have revealed that CD25+ cells in the CD4+ population in normal naive animals bear the ability to prevent autoimmune disease in vivo and, upon antigenic stimulation, suppress the activation/proliferation of other T cells in vitro. The CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells, which are naturally anergic and suppressive, appear to be produced by the normal thymus as a functionally distinct subpopulation of T cells. They play critical roles not only in preventing autoimmunity but also in controlling tumor immunity and transplantation tolerance.
Posttranslational Regulation of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 in the Circadian Oscillator of Arabidopsis1[W][OA]

As an adaptation to life in a world with predictable daily changes, most eukaryotes and some prokaryotes have endogenous circadian (approximately 24 h) clocks. In plants, the circadian clock regulates a diverse range of cellular and physiological events from gene expression and protein phosphorylation to cellular calcium oscillations, hypocotyl growth, leaf movements, and photoperiod-dependent flowering. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as in other model organisms, such as Drosophila (Drosophila melanogaster) and mice, circadian rhythms are generated by molecular oscillators that consist of interlocking feedback loops involving a number of elements. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS (LHY) are closely related single myb transcription factors that have been identified as key elements in the Arabidopsis oscillator. Research in other model organisms has shown that posttranslational regulation of oscillator components plays a critical role in the generation of the approximately 24-h cycles. To examine the role of posttranslational regulation of CCA1 and LHY in the Arabidopsis oscillator, we generated transgenic plants with tagged CCA1 and LHY under the control of their own promoters. We have shown that these tagged proteins are functional and can restore normal circadian rhythms to CCA1- and LHY-null plants. Using the tagged proteins, we demonstrate that CCA1 can form both homodimers and heterodimers with LHY. Furthermore, we also show that CCA1 is localized to the nucleus in vivo and that there is no significant delay between the translation of CCA1 and its translocation to the nucleus. We discuss our findings in the context of the functioning of the Arabidopsis oscillator.