Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sequential Monte Carlo Implementation for Infrared/Radar Maneuvering Target Tracking

When the trace of the infrared small weak target is nonlinear and non-stationary which are always appear in fact, the state equation and measurement equation are nonlinear-nonGauss and it is hard to get the solution using traditional algorithm. Taking the high precision of both infrared angle measurement and radar resistant measurement into account, a new maneuvering target tracking algorithm fusing the measurement of infrared sensor and radar sensor is proposed. After the process of infrared/radar time registration and space registration, the measurement data after fusion is sent into the resampling particle filter to track the target. The true state value is tracked by the posterior mean estimate of the state. Finally a simulation example is given and compared with the example of single radar target tracking, which is showed that the fusion tracking is better than single radar target tracking
Ozone variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere

Ozone variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere is investigated and related to temperature and zonal wind variations using data from the Nimbus 7 and Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) satellite. The dominant component of the seasonal variability at most levels from the middle stratosphere to the lower thermosphere is the semiannual oscillation (SAO) which has maxima near 10, 3, 0.07, 0.01 mbar, and near or above 0.0024 mbar. There is evidence that the 10-mbar peak is due to vertical advection of odd nitrogen (NO{sub y}) by the semiannually varying residual mean circulation, while temperature dependence of chemical reactions coupled with the thermal SAO near the stratopause and in the upper mesosphere is responsible for the peaks near 3 and 0.07 mbar. The seasonal dependence suggests a contribution from gravity wave modulated vertical mixing of water vapor near the 0.01 mbar level, and the authors speculate that semiannually modulated mixing of atomic oxygen by the (1,1) mode of the thermal tide contributes to the SAO ozone peak above 0.0024 mbar. The negative correlation between temperature and ozone is so strong in the 7- to 0.5-mbar layer that ozone is a useful proxy for temperature variability on time scales from a few daysmore » to many months. A preliminary look at annual and interannual variations shows that differing patterns of winter high latitude Rossby wave variability in the two hemispheres are reflected in the signatures of equatorial ozone and temperature in the same layer. « less
A System Architecture-based Model for Planning Iterative Development Processes: General Model Formulation and Analysis of Special Cases

The development process for complex system is typically iterative in nature. Among the critical decisions in managing such process involves deciding how to partition the system development into iterations. This paper proposes a mathematical model that captures the dynamics of such iterative process. The analysis of two special cases of the model provides an insight into how such decision should be made.
Current–Time Characteristics of Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) may play an important role in power-dense electrical systems. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamic characteristics of SFCLs. This will allow the behavior of multiple SFCLs in a system to be fully understood during faults and other transient conditions, which will consequently permit the coordination of the SFCL devices to ensure that only the device(s) closest to the fault location will operate. It will also allow SFCL behavior and impact to be taken into account when coordinating network protection systems. This paper demonstrates that resistive SFCLs have an inverse current-time characteristic: They will quench (become resistive) in a time that inversely depends upon the initial fault current magnitude. The timescales are shown to be much shorter than those typical of inverse overcurrent protection. A generic equation has been derived, which allows the quench time to be estimated for a given prospective fault current magnitude and initial superconductor temperature and for various superconducting device and material properties. This information will be of value to system designers in understanding the impact of SFCLs on network protection systems during faults and in planning the relative positions of multiple SFCLs.
Attributing Hacks

Abstract: In this paper we describe an algorithm for estimating the provenance of hacks on websites. That is, given properties of sites and the temporal occurrence of attacks, we are able to attribute individual attacks to joint causes and vulnerabilities, as well as estimating the evolution of these vulnerabilities over time. Specifically, we use hazard regression with a time-varying additive hazard function parameterized in a generalized linear form. The activation coefficients on each feature are continuous-time functions over time. We formulate the problem of learning these functions as a constrained variational maximum likelihood estimation problem with total variation penalty and show that the optimal solution is a 0th order spline (a piecewise constant function) with a finite number of adaptively chosen knots. This allows the inference problem to be solved efficiently and at scale by solving a finite dimensional optimization problem. Extensive experiments on real data sets show that our method significantly outperforms Cox’s proportional hazard model. We also conduct case studies and verify that the fitted functions of the features respond to real-life campaigns.
Asymptotic symmetry and local behavior of semilinear elliptic equations with critical sobolev growth

On etudie les solutions regulieres non negatives de l'equation conformement invariante −Δu=u (n+2)/(n−2) , u>0 dans une boule perforee, B 1 (0)\{0}⊂R n , n≥3, avec une singularite isolee a l'origine
Iron, Zinc, Folate, and Vitamin B-12 Status Increased among Women and Children in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon, 1 Year after Introducing Fortified Wheat Flour

Background: Few data are available on the effectiveness of large-scale food fortification programs. Objective: We assessed the impact of mandatory wheat flour fortification on micronutrient status in Yaoundé and Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We conducted representative surveys 2 y before and 1 y after the introduction of fortified wheat flour. In each survey, 10 households were selected within each of the same 30 clusters (n = ∼300 households). Indicators of inflammation, malaria, anemia, and micronutrient status [plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), zinc, folate, and vitamin B-12] were assessed among women aged 15–49 y and children 12–59 mo of age. Results: Wheat flour was consumed in the past 7 d by ≥90% of participants. Postfortification, mean total iron and zinc concentrations of flour samples were 46.2 and 73.6 mg/kg (target added amounts were 60 and 95 mg/kg, respectively). Maternal anemia prevalence was significantly lower postfortification (46.7% compared with 39.1%; adjusted P = 0.01), but mean hemoglobin concentrations and child anemia prevalence did not differ. For both women and children postfortification, mean plasma concentrations were greater for ferritin and lower for sTfR after adjustments for potential confounders. Mean plasma zinc concentrations were greater postfortification and the prevalence of low plasma zinc concentration in women after fortification (21%) was lower than before fortification (39%, P < 0.001); likewise in children, the prevalence postfortification (28%) was lower than prefortification (47%, P < 0.001). Mean plasma total folate concentrations were ∼250% greater postfortification among women (47 compared with 15 nmol/L) and children (56 compared with 20 nmol/L), and the prevalence of low plasma folate values was <1% after fortification in both population subgroups. In a nonrepresentative subset of plasma samples, folic acid was detected in 77% of women (73% of those fasting) and 93% of children. Mean plasma and breast-milk vitamin B-12 concentrations were >50% greater postfortification. Conclusion: Although the pre-post survey design limits causal inference, iron, zinc, folate, and vitamin B-12 status increased among women and children in urban Cameroon after mandatory wheat flour fortification.
CCR6 Colocalizes with CD18 and Enhances Adhesion to Activated Endothelial Cells in CCR6-Transduced Jurkat T Cells

CCR6 is expressed by memory T cells (mTC) and is a requirement for efficient arrest of a subset of mTC to activated human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMEC) under physiologic shear stress. We now address whether CCR6 alone is sufficient to induce arrest of a model T cell line (Jurkat) that shows low expression of all CCRs tested (CCR1–10). Herein, we transduced Jurkat (JK) T cells expressing fucosyltransferase VII with a chimeric chemokine receptor consisting of CCR6 fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein. In contrast to the starting JK lines, the resulting cell line (JK fucosyltransferase VII-CCR6) migrated 6-fold better to CCL20 in chemotaxis assays, arrested in response to CCL20 that was immobilized to plastic, and demonstrated a 2.5-fold increase in adhesion to activated HDMEC (p = 0.001). Adhesion was blocked by anti-CD18 mAb (p = 0.005) but not by anti-CD49d mAb (p = 0.3). After arrest on recombinant substrates, CCR6 clustered on the surface as detected by real-time observation of enhanced green fluorescent protein fluorescence. Dual-label confocal microscopy revealed that LFA-1 (CD18 and CD11a), but not CXCR4, colocalized with clustered CCR6 in the presence of immobilized CCL20. Thus, the functional expression of CCR6 is sufficient to provide the chemokine signaling necessary to induce arrest of a JK T cell line to activated HDMEC. Clustering of CCR6 and coassociation with critical integrins may serve to strengthen adhesion between T cells and activated endothelial cells.
PDBsum: Structural summaries of PDB entries

PDBsum is a web server providing structural information on the entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The analyses are primarily image‐based and include protein secondary structure, protein‐ligand and protein‐DNA interactions, PROCHECK analyses of structural quality, and many others. The 3D structures can be viewed interactively in RasMol, PyMOL, and a JavaScript viewer called 3Dmol.js. Users can upload their own PDB files and obtain a set of password‐protected PDBsum analyses for each. The server is freely accessible to all at: http://www.ebi. ac.uk/pdbsum.
Improving Machine Translation Quality with Automatic Named Entity Recognition

Named entities create serious problems for state-of-the-art commercial machine translation (MT) systems and often cause translation failures beyond the local context, affecting both the overall morphosyntactic well-formedness of sentences and word sense disambiguation in the source text. We report on the results of an experiment in which MT input was processed using output from the named entity recognition module of Sheffield's GATE information extraction (IE) system. The gain in MT quality indicates that specific components of IE technology could boost the performance of current MT systems.
Muscle Fatty Acid Uptake during Exercise: Possible Mechanisms

&NA; Muscle long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA) utilization may be regulated by the ability of the muscle cell to carry LCFA across the plasma membrane. The presence of saturable LCFA uptake kinetics and the identification of putative LCFA transporter proteins whose expression can be modulated by acute and chronic exercise adaptations provide evidence for the existence of a carrier‐mediated transport system in muscle.
Gauging the Ecological Health of a Costa Rican Cloud Forest: Birds as Bio-Indicators

As deforestation and fragmentation pose a constant threat to rainforests and the biodiversity they harbor, conservation and preservation are of the utmost import. To evaluate the overall ecological well-being of an ecosystem and by extension its conservation priority, the degree of disturbance and fragmentation should be determined. One way of examining the disturbance status of an area is to examine the local avifauna using birds as bioindicators. The overall ecological state of the Costa Rican tropical cloud forest in which the Savegre Lodge is situated can be inferred by examining the avifauna cataloged through mist netting and observation during one week studies in March of 2003 and 2005. Because this area is a rainforest preserve which relies heavily on ecotourism, it is hypothesized that the biodiversity and health of the ecosystem have been preserved, as disturbance is kept to a minimum. Of the 116 species cataloged, 34 species were caught in the mist nets. Nine of the cataloged species are considered rare or uncommon and 13 are highly sensitive to human disturbance. The presence of a number of rare and/or highly disturbance-sensitive species at Savegre, in addition to the plethora of common species, suggests that this habitat has not been disturbed or significantly fragmented and points to the overall good health of the environment. The area around the Savegre Lodge stands as an example of a well managed preserve where biodiversity remains intact even in the presence of ecotourism.
3D Computer Simulations of Pulsatile Human Blood Flows in Vessels and in the Aortic Arch: Investigation of Non-Newtonian Characteristics of Human Blood

Methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics are applied to simulate pulsatile blood flow in human vessels and in the aortic arch. The non-Newtonian behaviour of the human blood is investigated in simple vessels of actual size. Turbulence effects are taken into account. A detailed time-dependent mathematical convergence test has been carried out. The realistic pulsatile flow is used in all simulations. Results of computer simulations of the blood flow in vessels of two different geometries are presented. For pressure, strain rate and velocity component distributions we found significant disagreements between our results obtained with realistic non-Newtonian treatment of human blood and widely used method in literature: a simple Newtonian approximation. A significant increase of the strain rate and, as a result, wall sear stress distribution, is found in the region of the aortic arch. We consider this result astheoretical evidence that supports existing clinical observations and those models not using non-Newtonian treatment underestimate the risk of disruption to the human vascular system.
Redesigning allosteric activation in an enzyme

Enzyme activation by monovalent cations is widely documented in plants and the animal world. In type II enzymes, activation entails two steps: binding of the monovalent cation to its allosteric site and transduction of this event into enhanced catalytic activity. The effect has exquisite specificity for either Na+ or K+, the most abundant cations present in physiological environments. Enzymes requiring K+ such as kinases and molecular chaperones are not activated as well or at all by the larger cation Cs+ or the smaller cations Na+ and Li+. Enzymes requiring Na+ such as β-galactosidase and clotting proteases are not activated as well by Li+, or the larger cations K+, Rb+, and Cs+. Efforts to switch specificity between Na+ and K+ in this large class of enzymes and completely redesign the mechanism of allosteric transduction leading to enhanced catalytic activity have so far been unsuccessful. Here we show how mutagenesis of two loops defining the Na+ binding site of thrombin, a Na+-activated clotting protease, generates a construct that is most active in the presence of K+ toward synthetic and physiological substrates. The effect is the result of a higher binding affinity and more efficient allosteric transduction of binding into enhanced catalytic activity for K+ compared to Na+, which represents a complete reversal of the properties of wild type. In addition, the construct features altered specificity toward physiological substrates resulting in a significant anticoagulant profile. The findings are relevant to all Na+-activated proteases involved in blood coagulation and the complement system.
Is a Dual FLT 3 / CDK 4 Inhibitor with the Potential to Overcome FLT 3 Inhibitor Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Resistance to FLT3 inhibitors is a serious clinical issue in treating acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). AMG 925, a dual FLT3/CDK4 inhibitor, has been developed to overcome this resistance. It is hypothesized that the combined inhibition of FLT3 and CDK4 may reduce occurrence of the FLT3 resistance mutations, and thereby prolong clinical responses. To test this hypothesis, we attempted to isolate AML cell clones resistant to AMG 925 or to FLT3 inhibitors. After a selection of over 8 months with AMG 925, we could only isolate partially resistant clones. No new mutations in FLT3 were found, but a 2to 3-fold increase in total FLT3 protein was detected and believed to contribute to the partial resistance. In contrast, selection with the FLT3 inhibitors sorafenib or AC220 (Quizartinib), led to a resistance and the appearance of a number of mutations in FLT3 kinase domains, including the known hot spot sites D835 and F691. However, when AC220 was combined with the CDK4 inhibitor PD0332991 (palbociclib) at 0.1 mmol/L or higher, no resistance mutations were obtained, indicating that the CDK4-inhibiting activity of AMG 925 contributed to the failure to develop drug resistance. AMG 925 was shown to potently inhibit the FLT3 inhibitor–resistant mutation D835Y/ V. This feature of AMG 925 was also considered to contribute to the lack of resistance mutations to the compound. Together, our data suggest that AMG 925 has the potential to reduce resistance mutations in FLT3 and may prolong clinical responses. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(2); 1–9. 2014 AACR.
Bytecode Verification for Haskell

In this paper we present a method for verifying Yhc bytecode, an intermediate form of Haskell suitable for mobile code applications. We examin e the issues involved with verifying Yhc bytecode programs, and we present a proof -of-concept bytecode compiler and verifier. Verification is a static analysis which ensures that a byteco d program is type-safe. The ability to check type-safety is important for mobile cod e situations where untrusted code may be executed. Type-safety subsumes the crit ical memory-safety property and excludes important classes of exploitable bug s, such as buffer overflows. Haskell’s rich type system also allows programmers to build effective, static security policies and enforce them using the type checker. V rification allows us to be confident the constraints of our security policy are enfor ced.
Nonlinear Markov processes in big networks

Abstract Big networks express multiple classes of large-scale networks in many practical areas such as computer networks, internet of things, cloud computation, manufacturing systems, transportation networks, and healthcare systems. This paper analyzes such big networks, and applies the mean-field theory and the nonlinear Markov processes to constructing a broad class of nonlinear continuous-time block-structured Markov processes, which can be used to deal with many practical stochastic systems. Firstly, a nonlinear Markov process is derived from a large number of big networks with weak interactions, where each big network is described as a continuous-time block-structured Markov process. Secondly, some effective algorithms are given for computing the fixed points of the nonlinear Markov process by means of the UL-type RG-factorization. Finally, the Birkhoff center, the locally stable fixed points, the Lyapunov functions and the relative entropy are developed to analyze stability or metastability of the system of weakly interacting big networks, and several interesting open problems are proposed with detailed interpretation. We believe that the methodology and results given in this paper can be useful and effective in the study of big networks.
A Programmable Multi-Blackboard Architecture for Dialogue Processing Systems

In current Natural Language Processing Systems, different components for different processing tasks and input/ output modalities have to be integrated. Once integrated, the interactions between the components have to be specified. Interactions in dialogue systems can be complex due in part to the many states the system can be in. When porting the system to another domain, parts of the integration process have to be repeated. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a multi-blackboard architecture that is controlled by a set of expert-system like rules. These rules may contain typed variables. Variables can be substituted by representations with an appropriate type stored in the blackboards. Furthermore, the representations in the blackboards allow to represent partial information and to leave disjunctions unresolved. Moreover, the conditions of the rule may depend on the specificity of the representations with which the variables are instantiated. For this reason, the interaction is information-driven. The described system has been implemented and has been integrated with the speech recognizer JANUS.
Prognostic significance of CD30 expression in nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma

The present study aimed to investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 8 (CD30) in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) using immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate the association between CD30 and clinicopathological and prognostic significance. CD30 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections obtained from 122 patients with ENKTL prior to treatment. In total, 70 of these patients with complete clinical data were collected for prognostic analysis. The level of CD30 expression, of the 122 patients with ENKTL, was grouped on the basis of a 5-tiered scale as follows: 0%, no staining; 1+, <25% positive cells; 2+, 25–50% positive cells; 3+, 50–75% positive cells; and 4+, >75% positive cells). In total, 36 (29.5%) were classified as 0; 46 (37.7%) as 1+; 22 (18.0%) as 2+; 12 (9.8%) as 3+; and 6 (4.9%) as 4+. Among the 86 patients with scores between 1+ and 4+, the membranous staining patterns of CD30 expression were sporadic (33.7%), focal (43.2%), diffuse (15.1%) and angiocentric (8.1%). When considering a score of ≥3+ as CD30 positivity (CD30+), the CD30+ group had significantly shorter overall survival rates (P=0.0023) and progression-free survival rate (P=0.0008) compared with CD30 negative group. However, no statistically significant association was found between CD30 expression and clinicopathological features (P<0.05). The present study found that the expression of CD30 (≥3+) was significantly associated with poor prognosis but was not associated with clinical and histopathological parameters in ENKTL. Therefore, CD30 may be a useful prognostic marker in ENKTL.
Las amenazas de lo popular. El potencial autoritario de la noción de “pueblo”

Los regimenes populistas que se articulan sobre la idea de que el �pueblo� como una totalidad organica que se expresa en una sola voluntad general, son sumamente peligrosos para la diversidad de las sociedades contemporaneas. Esto porque quienes detentan posiciones de autoridad suponen estar iluminados para comprender que es lo que el pueblo quiere y actuan en consecuencia, muchas veces imponiendo precisamente la idea que tenian del conglomerado social. Con esto, comienza a minarse la pluralidad, que solo puede florecer en modelos politicos liberales, donde la dinamica sociopolitica esta abierta al disenso y respeta los proyectos individuales