Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Default Bayes Factors for Nonnested Hypothesis Testing

Abstract Bayesian hypothesis testing for nonnested hypotheses is studied, using various “default” Bayes factors, such as the fractional Bayes factor, the median intrinsic Bayes factor, and the encompassing and expected intrinsic Bayes factors. The different default methods are first compared with each other and with the p value in normal one-sided testing, to illustrate the basic issues. General results for one-sided testing in location and scale models are then presented. The default Bayes factors are also studied for specific models involving multiple hypotheses. In particular, a multiple hypothesis testing example involving a sequential clinical trial is discussed. In most of the examples presented we also derive the intrinsic prior; this is the prior distribution, which, if used directly, would yield answers (asymptotically) equivalent to those for the given default Bayes factor.
Star formation in very young galactic clusters

It is argued, following Stahler (1985), that in young galactic clusters both the suggested exponential increase in star-formation rates with time and the mass-age correlation are artifacts of incorrectly assigning pre-main-sequence ages to main-sequence stars. Quantitative arguments are presented for simultaneous formation of stars with different masses (contemporaneous star formation) in such clusters and a method is presented for determining star-formation histories and the ages of young galactic clusters (i.e., clusters in which pre-main-sequence stars are detectable). 25 references.
Cracking risk of partially saturated porous media—Part I: Microporoelasticity model

Drying of deformable porous media results in their shrinkage, and it may cause cracking provided that shrinkage deformations are hindered by kinematic constraints. This is the motivation to develop a thermodynamics‐based microporoelasticity model for the assessment of cracking risk in partially saturated porous geomaterials. The study refers to 3D representative volume elements of porous media, including a two‐scale double‐porosity material with a pore network comprising (at the mesoscale) 3D mesocracks in the form of oblate spheroids, and (at the microscale) spherical micropores of different sizes. Surface tensions prevailing in all interfaces between solid, liquid, and gaseous matters are taken into account. To establish a thermodynamics‐based crack propagation criterion for a two‐scale double‐porosity material, the potential energy of the solid is derived, accounting—in particular—for mesocrack geometry changes (main original contribution) and for effective micropore pressures, which depend (due to surface tensions) on the pore radius. Differentiating the potential energy with respect to crack density parameter yields the thermodynamical driving force for crack propagation, which is shown to be governed by an effective macrostrain. It is found that drying‐related stresses in partially saturated mesocracks reduce the cracking risk. The drying‐related effective underpressures in spherical micropores, in turn, result in a tensile eigenstress of the matrix in which the mesocracks are embedded. This way, micropores increase the mesocracking risk. Model application to the assessment of cracking risk during drying of argillite is the topic of the companion paper (Part II). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A characterization of the Poisson process using forward recurrence times

Consider a renewal process on the nonnegative real line with non-arithmetic distribution function F(x). Denote by V(x; t) the distribution function of the forward recurrence time from t, t ≤ 0. If t is chosen at random with distribution function Ф(t), the corresponding unconditional forward recurrence time has distribution function
POTENCY OF SOURSOP LEAF (ANNONA MURICATA L.) DECOCTION WATER AS A TRIGGER FOR MICE (MUS MUSCULLUS) LIVER CELL REGENERATION MARKED BY CYCLIN D1 EXPRESSION DUE TO RHODAMINE B INFECTION

Soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) is one of the plants that contains chemical compounds such as acetogenins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and glycosides where this group of chemical compounds has the potential as antioxidants to ward off free radicals. This study aimed to determine the effect of soursop leaf decoction in regenerating liver cells of male mice of the Balb/C strain induced by rhodamine B through the expression of cyclin D1. The 25 mice were divided into 5 groups, namely group I was given standard feed, group II was given standard feed and rhodamine B 0.4 mg/ml, groups III, IV and V were given standard feed, rhodamine B 0.4 mg/ml, and water. soursop leaf decoction with doses of 3.64 mg/g BW, 7.28 mg/g BW, and 10.92 mg/g BW for each group. The treatment was carried out for 14 days by giving soursop leaf boiled water after rhodamine B induction for 7 days. The results showed that the boiled water of soursop leaves at a dose of 10.92 mg/g BW had a significant effect on reducing levels of SGOT and SGPT (p<0.05) and could regenerate mice liver cells through the expression of cyclin D1. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the antioxidant content of soursop leaf boiled water can prevent liver cell damage in mice and increase cell regeneration power
High Q optical resonances of polystyrene microspheres in water controlled by optical tweezers

Using evanescent field coupling via frustrated total internal reflection, we measured whispering-gallery optical resonances of polystyrene microspheres held in aqueous buffer by optical tweezers, as a function of the distance from the planar coupling substrate. An intrinsic Q factor of 4×106 was found for a microsphere of 30 μm diameter, indicating the potential of such microresonators for highly sensitive biomolecular detection. These measurements provide an upper limit of 2×10−7 for the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of polystyrene at 770 nm wavelength.
Surveying by occultations

A method of surveying which uses data obtained from photoelectrically observed occultations is described. The method is applicable in those cases where it is desired to connect triangulation systems which are too widely separated to be tied together by the usual means. The discussion includes the prediction and reduction of occultations. From the reduction of one occultation observed by teams in different geodetic systems, a line of position is obtained. A second similarly observed occultation yields a second line of position and hence a fix.
In silico investigation on structure–function relationship of members belonging to the human SLC52 transporter family

Riboflavin is an essential water‐soluble vitamin that needs to be provided through the diet because of the conversion into flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), important cofactors in hundreds of flavoenzymes. The adsorption and distribution of riboflavin is mediated by transmembrane transporters of the SLC52 family, namely RFVT1‐3, whose mutations are mainly associated with two diseases, MADD and the Brown‐Vialetto‐Van Laere syndrome. Interest in RFVTs as pharmacological targets has increased in the last few years due to their overexpression in several cancer cells, which can be exploited both by blocking the uptake of riboflavin into the cancerous cells, and by performing cancer targeted delivery of drugs with a high affinity for RFVTs. In this work, we propose three‐dimensional structural models for all three human riboflavin transporters obtained by state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence‐based methods, which were then further refined with molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, two of the most notable mutations concerning RFVT2 and RFVT3 (W31S and N21S, respectively) were investigated studying the interactions between the wild‐type and mutated transporters with riboflavin.
Rapid Preparation of CuInS2 Bulk Polycrystals by Two-Step Microwave Heating Process Using a Domestic Microwave Oven

CuInS2 bulk polycrystals have been prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements in rapid time scales using a domestic microwave oven. The growth procedure involves a direct synthetic reaction and a succeeding melt solidification with the assistance of a CuO microwave heater. This leads to the successful preparation of homogeneous and densified CuInS2 crystals having n-type conductivity. The photoluminescence spectra of these crystals at 9 K exhibit sharp emission lines corresponding to free-exciton, bound-exciton and donor-to-valence-band emissions.
Trans-spectral transfer of orbital angular momentum and creation of an ultra high density cold atom trap

In recent years there has been great interest in the applications of the interaction of the phase and intensity of laser light in atomic vapours. The generation of light beams with arbitrary phase and intensity patterns can now be easily achieved by using Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs). The transformation of quantized units of phase information to atomic vapours has implications in the ﬁelds of quantum optics for the realisation of sources of entangled photons, optical switching, and quantum information storage. Spatially shaped beams with non-trivial intensity geometries have found use in single atom quantum well traps and for the enhancement of density of standard Magneto Optical Traps. The work in this thesis is focussed around two main pro jects, involving the interaction of holographically shaped light beams with cold trapped atoms and with a hot atomic vapour respectively. An enhancement to the previously investigated technique of a SPontaneous force Optical Trap SPOT of 87 Rb is presented here which aims to solve various issues which naturally arise from compressing cold atoms in a Magneto Optical Trap (MOT) such as unavoidable heating during the compression. High density/high atom number traps are highly sought after in many experiments for more eﬃcient transfer of atoms to Bose Einstein Condensates and for improved quantum storage capabilities in cold atom traps. The highest density achieved in our SPOT was 2.5 × 10^12 atoms cm−3 for 2 × 10^8 atoms at a temperature of approximately 100µK. This represents almost 2 orders of magnitude increase in density from the standard MOT setup with no adverse heating of the trap while maintaining 75% of the atoms. In the second part of this work hot atomic vapours are utilized for the eﬃcient transfer of orbital angular momentum information from near infra-red pump ﬁelds, driving from 5S_1/2 to 5D_5/2 on a two-photon transition, to a cascade from 5D_5/2 to 6P_3/2 to 5S_1/2 generating 5230nm light and a coherent blue, 420nm, beam respecitively. This generation is performed using four wave mixing in 85 Rb. We observe the complete conversion of all input quantum information, the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) from the pump ﬁelds to the blue. In addition we show the additional phase coherence eﬀects of this experiment through the use of simple superpositions of Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes showing that the process is indeed quantum in nature. A theoretical basis for the transfer of all OAM information to only the 420nm beam is also discussed here.
Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Water-Based Extracts of Vicia faba L.: A Potential Innovative Source of Nutraceutical Ingredients

The water-based extract of broad bean hulls contains several bioactive molecules, including polyphenols well-known to exert antioxidant activity, which could justify its use in nutraceutical formulations. Hence, the current investigation aimed to establish the polyphenolic profile of water-based extracts from broad bean hulls through UHPLC–Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. The findings highlighted that p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin were the most common compounds found in the tested extracts, being quantified at a mean concentration of 42.1, 32.6, and 31.2 mg/100 g, respectively. Moreover, broad bean hull extracts were encapsulated into a nutraceutical formulation, after which the antioxidant properties and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds during the simulated gastrointestinal (GI) process were investigated and compared with the digested non-encapsulated extract. The data highlighted that following the GI process, the capsules were able to preserve active compounds from the adverse effects of digestion, resulting in a greater antioxidant capacity and polyphenol bioaccessibility in the duodenal and colonic phases, compared with the non-encapsulated extract. Our results showed that the water extract from broad bean hulls may be considered a valuable source of natural polyphenolic compounds; in addition, the use of a gastric-resistant capsule could be a suitable alternative to transport these bioactive compounds to the target tissues.
Stress signaling boosts interferon-induced gene transcription in macrophages

Promoters of antimicrobial genes function as logic boards, integrating signals of innate immune responses. One such set of genes is stimulated by interferon (IFN) signaling, and the expression of these genes [IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs)] can be further modulated by cell stress–induced pathways. Here, we investigated the global effect of stress-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling on the response of macrophages to IFN. In response to cell stress that coincided with IFN exposure, the p38 MAPK-activated transcription factors CREB and c-Jun, in addition to the IFN-activated STAT family of transcription factors, bound to ISGs. In addition, p38 MAPK signaling induced activating histone modifications at the loci of ISGs and stimulated nuclear translocation of the CREB coactivator CRTC3. These actions synergistically enhanced ISG expression. Disrupting this synergy with p38 MAPK inhibitors improved the viability of macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes. Our findings uncover a mechanism of transcriptional synergism and highlight the biological consequences of coincident stress-induced p38 MAPK and IFN-stimulated signal transduction. Description Stress-induced p38 activity enhances the positive and negative effects of macrophage interferon responses. Stressed into boosting interferon signaling Interferon signaling stimulates the innate immune response to infection and is regulated in part by stress signaling mediated by the kinase p38. Boccuni et al. clarified the functional interaction between these pathways and the consequences of their integration. In macrophages stimulated with interferon, coincident stress signaling induced a p38-dependent recruitment of additional factors to interferon-stimulated genes, synergistically enhancing their expression. In Listeria-infected cultured macrophages, this boost elicited greater production of pathogen-fighting factors like cytokines and nitric oxide, but it also increased cell death. Blocking p38 signaling preserved macrophage viability without sacrificing function. The findings indicate that p38 signaling enhances not only the beneficial effects, but also the detrimental effects of interferon-mediated immune responses. -LKF
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Cost-Effective Counter Electrode Based on Soybean Oil Lampblack

We have used soybean oil lampblack as a low-cost counter electrode (CE) material to replace expensive platinum in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The lampblack was prepared by obstructing the flame of the soybean oil lamp with a porcelain bowl and characterized with the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy for structural analysis and scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology. The XRD of the lampblack indicated the presence of graphitic carbon in the lampblack while Raman spectroscopy of the carbonaceous material disclosed that the lampblack consists of both disordered and ordered forms of carbon. The lampblack was used with printer toner to prepare counter electrodes (CEs) of DSCs. The scanning electron microscopy of the film of the lampblack with toner showed that the toner serves as a binder to hold the particles of the lampblack on the CEs. The catalytic ability of the CEs was evaluated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The charge transfer resistance Rct at the toner-electrolyte interface determined by EIS was extremely high (5.32 x 105 Ωcm2 ). Similarly, Rct at the carbon-electrolyte interface and platinum-electrolyte interface were 13.46 Ωcm2 and 2.29 Ωcm2 , respectively. The DSCs based on soybean oil lampblack achieved the light to electric energy conversion efficiency (η) of 2.58% and the platinum based solar cell achieved η of 3.67%.
Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the caddisfly Neucentropus mandjuricus (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)

Abstract We have sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome of Neucentropus mandjuricus Martynov, 1907, a monotypic genus of Polycentropodidae with controversial taxonomic status. The complete mitogenome of N. mandjuricus is 15,020 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding control region. The maximum-likelihood and Bayesian’s inference trees based on 13 protein-coding genes of 23 trichopteran species show that N. mandjuricus clusters together with the other polycentropodid Plectrocnemia sp. with high support value. This study provides a basis for further study on mitogenome and phylogenetics of the Polycentropodidae.
Modified fibrin hydrogel for sustained delivery of RNAi lipopolyplexes in skeletal muscle

Abstract RNA interference is a promising therapeutical approach presently hindered by delivery concerns such as rapid RNA degradation and targeting of individual tissues. Injectable hydrogels are one potentially simple and direct route towards overcoming these barriers. Here we report on the utility of a combination of a mildly modified form of the clinically utilised fibrin hydrogel with Invivofectamine® 3.0, a lipid nonviral transfection vector, for local and sustained release. PEGylation of fibrin allowed for controlled release of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-lipopolyplexes for at least 10 days and greatly increased the stability of fibrin in vitro and in vivo. A 3D cell culture model and a release study showed transfection efficacy of siRNA-lipopolyplexes was retained for a minimum of 7 days. Injection in conjunction with PEGylated-fibrinogen significantly increased retention of siRNA-lipopolyplexes in mouse skeletal muscle and enhanced knockdown of myostatin mRNA that correlated with muscle growth. Thus, the increased efficacy observed here for the combination of a lipid nanoparticle, the only type of nonviral vector approved for the clinic, with fibrin, might allow for more rapid translation of injectable hydrogel-based RNA interference.
Assessment of clinical relevance by considering point estimates and associated confidence intervals

For the proof of efficacy of a new drug in a placebo‐controlled clinical trial it is not sufficient merely to demonstrate a statistically significant treatment difference. In recent years, regulatory authorities have strongly recommended assessing additionally whether the observed effect size is also of clinical relevance. This opinion is reflected in various guidelines which are of the utmost importance for the successful approval of a new drug. Clinical relevance can be investigated by responder analyses or by considering the point estimates on the original scale together with the associated confidence intervals. In this paper, we focus on the latter approach and discuss the suitability of different criteria which are commonly applied in medical research. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy and Safety of ABBV‐3373, a Novel Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator Antibody–Drug Conjugate, in Adults with Moderate‐to‐Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis Despite Methotrexate Therapy: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Active‐Controlled Proof‐of‐Concept Phase IIa Trial

To assess the efficacy and safety of ABBV‐3373, a novel antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) composed of the anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) monoclonal antibody adalimumab linked to a glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM), compared to adalimumab, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Hopf Bifurcation Analysis In a Delayed SIR Model

In this paper, we analyze a delayed SIR epidemic model with saturated incidence rate. Our goal in this model is to introduce the incubation period into susceptible and infectious individuals in the incidence rate. The dynamics are studied in terms of local stability and of the description of the Hopf bifurcation, that is proven to exist as the delay (taken as a parameter of bifurcation) cross some critical value. Additionally we conclude with a numerical illustrations.
Concomitant Guillain–Barré Syndrome and COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Cases

Background and Objectives: Recent findings demonstrate that the transmigration of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to the nervous system implicates severe neurotropic pathologies, including the onset of the rare disease called Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) which is characterized by immune-mediated polyneuropathy. This study aimed to identify the predisposing factors and the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced GBS. Materials and Methods: We have performed an analysis of 147 cases. A systematic review of the published research work was performed per the PRISMA statement to obtain individual participant data (IPD) for the meta-analysis. The search was conducted through PubMed, using the combined search terms “Guillain–Barré syndrome” and “COVID-19”. All case reports and series in the English language with accessed full text were included in the search. Results: A systematic database search led to the retrieval of 112 peer-reviewed articles published between 1 April 2020, and 8 February 2022. The articles comprised 16 case series and 96 case reports containing IPD for 147 patients. Our findings showed that 77.6% of all cases were 40 years or older. Males comprised most of the cases (65.3%; n = 96). The intensive care unit (ICU) admission was 44.9%, and the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) was 38.1%. The patients presented with hyporeflexia or areflexia (84.4%; n = 124), lower limb strength and sensation impairment (93.2%; n = 138), upper limb strength and sensation impairment (85.7; n = 126), and somatic sensation impairment (72.8%; n = 107). The patients presented with increased cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) protein levels (92%; n = 92) and the presence of CSF albuminocytological dissociation (83.5%; n = 71). The most common variant of GBS observed was acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). We found that predisposing factors concomitant with COVID-19 and GBS were male gender and older age. Among the cases, patient mortality was 10.9%. Conclusions: A gap of knowledge exists regarding the complete spectrum of clinical characteristics of COVID-19-related GBS. Recent findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 triggers GBS, as it follows a similar para-infectious pattern as the other viral agents contributing to the onset of GBS.
Performance test of Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter in combination with continuous ADR

Performance test of a Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter has been made in combination with a continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (CADR). The CADR has four stages of ADR to produce continuous cooling by recycling them in dedicated order, and is cryogen‐free utilizing a 4K‐GM refrigerator. We installed a Ti/Au bilayer TES microcalorimeter and 420‐series SQUID array to readout the X‐ray signal on the 1st (coldest) stage of the CADR. We successfully operated the CADR at temperature of 120 mK in continuous mode more than 27 hr, however, FWHM energy resolution of the TES microcalorimeter was degraded to 45 eV at 6 keV, as compared to 10 eV when measured in a dilution refrigerator. This is mainly because the temperature stability was not good enough (about 0.6 mK) and the operation temperature was not sufficiently lower than the transition temperature Tc = 135mK of the TES. We operated the TES microcalorimeter at the operation temperature of 105 mK in one‐shot mode and the resolution was improved t.