Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On a defence of autosegmentalism

Haile and Mtenje (I988) raise counter-arguments to my criticisms of an autosegmental analysis of Arabic verb morphology and also offer criticisms of the alternative analysis which I presented in Hudson (I986). The Arabic facts and the issues are somewhat complex, and to review them thoroughly here would require repetition of much of the three earlier articles. Perhaps I should trust those who have read all three articles to judge accurately the second in relation to the first and third. A response seems necessary, however, because the issues are important as well as complex, and because Haile and Mtenje do not give a clear or even reasonable presentation of my argument.
Assessment of prosody disturbances in stutterers by means of phonetic indices

This paper is focused on the contribution of phonetic tools used in prosody analyzes for the study of stuttering. Three contrasted subjects (1 Non Stuttering Person, NPS and 2 Person Who Stutter, PWS with contrasted stuttering profiles) have been recorded while performing a map task under varying auditory feedback conditions (NAF, DAF 80, DAF 120 & DAF 160). The fluency index used (ISI) reveals differences between subjects and conditions, and therefore appears as a possible tool for use in further research aiming at a better understanding of stuttering and/or at the development of reliable assessment methods is discussed.
Sexual Cultures and Migration in the Era of AIDS: Anthropological and Demographic Perspectives

Sexual Cultures and Migration in the Era of AIDS is the first demographic anthropological study of what happens to sexual behaviour and the rules of risk-taking in sexual encounters when people migrate from countryside to city, from one city to another, or from one country to another culture. It represents a milestone in the study of cross-cultural sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases. At the foreground of the study are commercial sex and prostitution, sexual tourism, heterosexual marriage and social pressure, and homosexuality and bisexuality in emerging sexual cultures. The volume brings together quantitative and qualitative case studies by an international panel of anthropologists, demographers, and sociologists aimed at better understanding the impact of human movement and mobility on sexual change and fertility.
Virtual reality: an experiential tool for clinical psychology

ABSTRACT Several Virtual Reality (VR) applications for the understanding, assessment and treatment of mental health problems have been developed in the last 15 years. Typically, in VR the patient learns to manipulate problematic situations related to his/her problem. In fact, VR can be described as an advanced form of human–computer interface that is able to induce a feeling of ‘presence’ in the computer-generated world experienced by the user. This feature transforms VR in an ‘empowering environment’, a sheltered setting where patients can start to explore and act without feeling threatened. With such assurance, they can freely explore, experiment, feel, live out and experience feelings and/or thoughts. The paper presents the current state of clinical research in this area. Furthermore, the open source ‘NeuroVR’ system and its potential clinical applications are presented and discussed.
Systemic Redox Imbalance in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience imbalance between oxygen reactive species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses leading to cell and tissue damage. However, it remains unclear at which stage of renal insufficiency the redox imbalance becomes more profound. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of how the redox status changes in the progression of renal disease from predialysis stages 1 to 4 to end stage 5 and whether the various treatments and dialysis modalities influence the redox balance. A systematic review was conducted searching PubMed and Scopus by using the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. In total, thirty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Even from an early stage, imbalance in redox status is evident and as the kidney function worsens it becomes more profound. Hemodialysis therapy per se seems to negatively influence the redox status by the elevation of lipid peroxidation markers, protein carbonylation, and impairing erythrocyte antioxidant defense. However, other dialysis modalities do not so far appear to confer advantages. Supplementation with antioxidants might assist and should be considered as an early intervention to halt premature atherogenesis development at an early stage of CKD.
One-dimensional Arterial Network Model for Bypass Grafts Assessment

We propose an arterial network model based on 1D blood hemodynamic equations to study the behavior of different vascular surgical bypass grafts in case of an arterial occlusive pathology: an obliteration or stenosis of the iliac artery. We investigate the performances of three different bypass grafts (Aorto-Femoral, Axillo-Femoral and cross-over Femoral) depending on the degree of obliteration of the stenosis. Numerical simulations show that all bypass grafts are efficient since we retrieve in all cases the normal hemodynamics in the stenosed region while ensuring at the same time a global healthy circulation. We analyze in particular the Axillo-Femoral bypass graft by performing hundreds of simulations by varying the values of the Young's modulus [0.1--50 MPa] and the radius [0.01--5 cm] of the bypass graft. We show that the Young's modulus and radius of commercial bypass grafts are optimal in terms of hemodynamic considerations. The numerical findings prove that this approach could be used to optimize or plan surgeries for specific patients, to perform parameter's statistics and error propagation evaluations by running extensive simulations, or to characterize numerically specific bypass grafts.
Unsaturated throughput analysis of a novel interference-constrained multi-channel random access protocol for cognitive radio networks

Opportunistic access of licensed spectrum using a cognitive radio network (CRN) is getting research attraction due to its ability to improve utilisation of this scarce resource without affecting the primary users (PUs). To improve wide acceptability of CRN, it must be equipped with efficient protocols to deal with multiple primary networks to provision QoS guarantee for demand-driven applications by the secondary users (SUs). In this paper, an accurate unsaturated throughput analysis is presented for our novel CSMA/CA-based multi-channel cognitive radio medium access control (MCR-MAC) protocol. Developed by modifying the 4-way handshaking-based IEEE 802.11 DCF, MCR-MAC dynamically assigns contending SUs to free channels using an innovative random arbitration scheme while keeping cognitive interference to the PUs in check by attenuating the packet size. Not only has the analytical model covered the full spectrum, from very light load to saturation, extensive simulation results have validated the accuracy of the analysis.
Inhibition of Cathepsin B by E-64 Induces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Filarial Parasite

Background Current available antifilarial drug strategies only eliminate the larval stages of filarial parasites. Therefore, there is an urgent need of drugs which are macrofilaricidals. Identification of molecular targets crucial for survival of parasite is a prerequisite for drug designing. Cathepsin B, a cysteine protease family member is known to play crucial role in the normal growth, digestion of nutrients, exsheathment of the helminth parasites. Therefore, we targeted this enzyme in the filarial parasite using its specific inhibitor, E-64. Methods and Findings We have exposed the parasites to E-64 and observed their motility and viability at various time intervals. It caused marked decrease in the motility and viability of the parasites ultimately leading to their death after 8 hours. It is well known that E-64 protects the cell from apoptosis, however, it causes apoptotic effect in carcinoma cell lines. To understand the mechanism of action of E-64 on parasite survival, we have measured levels of different apoptotic markers in the treated parasites. E-64 significantly reduced the level of ced-9 and activity of tyrosine phosphatases, cytochrome c oxidase. It also activated ced-3, homolog of mammalian caspase 3 suggesting initiation of an apoptotic like event in the filarial parasites. Different antioxidant enzymes were also evaluated to further explore the mechanism behind the death of the parasites. There was marked decrease in the level of GSH and activity of Glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species. This led to the induced oxidation of fatty acids and protein which might alter the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Conclusion This study suggests that inhibition of cathepsin B by E-64 generates oxidative stress followed by mitochondrial mediated apoptotic like event in filarial parasites leading to their death. Hence, suggesting filarial cathepsin B as a potential chemotherapeutic target for lymphatic filariasis.
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Adjective Check List and Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

MANY factor analysts argue that in order to be useful in the description of personality, traits should be uncorrelated or orthogonal ; that is, they should reflect independent dimensions of personality. Many personality theorists on the other hand argue that personality is an interrelated structure and that many traits although not identical tend to &dquo;go together. &dquo; This view is explicit in the terms &dquo;implicit personality theory&dquo; (Cronbach, 1958), &dquo;trait implications&dquo; (Hays, 1958), &dquo;causal texture&dquo; (Bruner and Tagiuri, 1954). Whether such intercorrelations are due to response sets, halo effects, method factors or &dquo;true interrelationships,&dquo; it is clear that tests which build them in presume the validity of these interrelationships, and cannot supply an independent test of the phenom-
Plantar Responses in Infants

Received Nov 11, 1991. Received revised Jan 6, 1992. Accepted for publication Jan 21, 1992. From the Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV. Address correspondence to Dr John B. Bodensteiner, Division of Pediatric Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506. Editor’s Note: In this issue of the Journal of Child Neurology, a new series begins entitled "The Professor’s Opinion: Controversial Issues," which will provide a fo-
Social Media, Subjectivity, and Surveillance: Moving on From Occupy, the Rise of Live Streaming Video

This article seeks to critically examine the practical application of live streaming video at use in contemporary resistance movements, particularly the work of CUTV during the Quebec Student Strike of 2012. With a brief comparison to the use of social media—and even live streaming—in the Occupy movement, this article demonstrates the differences, and sophistication, of live streaming video in the Quebec Spring. Specifically, this article seeks to understand the ways in which political actors and digital technologies form unique assemblages (in the Deleuzian sense), which can both operate as mechanisms of power as surveillance technologies for police forces or, if used carefully and critically, can open up nodes of counter-power, disrupting state surveillance, surveilling the police themselves, and providing the space for the construction of subjectivity on the part of political actors in the streets.
Bipolar localization of the group II intron Ll.LtrB is maintained in Escherichia coli deficient in nucleoid condensation, chromosome partitioning and DNA replication

Group II introns are mobile genetic elements that invade their cognate intron‐minus alleles via an RNA intermediate, in a process known as retrohoming. They can also retrotranspose to ectopic sites at low frequency. In Escherichia coli, retrotransposition of the lactococcal group II intron, Ll.LtrB, occurs preferentially within the Ori and Ter macrodomains of the E. coli chromosome. These macrodomains migrate towards the poles of the cell, where the intron‐encoded protein, LtrA, localizes. Here we investigate whether alteration of nucleoid condensation, chromosome partitioning and replication affect retrotransposition frequencies, as well as bipolar localization of the Ll.LtrB intron integration and LtrA distribution in E. coli. We thus examined these properties in the absence of the nucleoid‐associated proteins H‐NS, StpA and MukB, in variants of partitioning functions including the centromere‐like sequence migS and the actin homologue MreB, as well as in the replication mutants ΔoriC, seqA, tus and topoIV ts. Although there were some dramatic fluctuations in retrotransposition levels in these hosts, bipolar localization of integration events was maintained. LtrA was consistently found in nucleoid‐free regions, with its localization to the cellular poles being largely preserved in these hosts. Together, these results suggest that bipolar localization of group II intron retrotransposition results from the residence of the intron‐encoded protein at the poles of the cell.
A THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL SATISFACTION

In this paper we present a theoretical and methodological approach to the study of residential satisfaction, and seek to give a general view of the relationships established between a person and his/her residential environment. The work is structured in two sections. The first offers a general overview of the state of the art in residential satisfaction. In order to do this, we start from a model which analyses the relations between an individual and his/her residential environment, and comment on some empirical results obtained from this model. In the second section, we analyse some of the problems which hinder research from the perspective proposed here.
‘Thumrī’: A Discussion of the Female Voice of Hindustani Music

Can we find different levels of meaning in the term ‘the female voice’? From a straightforwardly narratological perspective, a female voice indicates that the narrator in the art form under discussion is a woman. Could it also suggest a female perspective, and is a female perspective distinguishable from female narration: do we assume the former is built on language that is feminized, using a different vocabulary and a different expression? Does it matter whether a female voice is created by men or by women? When a woman creates art that has a female narrator, and yet through that narrator expresses woman's experience as constructed by an overarching patriarchal ideology, is the voice nevertheless female? Is the voice of a genre contingent upon its real-life audience, or upon the implied audience within the narrative itself? These are some of the issues that I want to tease out in the present paper. As is often the case in academic enquiry, more questions may be raised than answered. At this juncture it is my aim to establish a dialogue between the study of text and the study of performance, not only to add to a well-established discussion of how text is used in performance but to incorporate into that existing discourse the relevance of the contextual dimension.
Object / Background Scene Joint Classification in Photographs Using Linguistic Statistics from the Web

Object and scene recognition is widely recognized as a diffic ult problem in computer vision. We present here an approach t o t is problem that merges recognition of an object and its backgro und. Relying on the assumption that given objects are strong ly linked to given background scenes (a deer is more likely to appear in a f orest than on an iceberg), we learn object classifiers using j o t estimations of object and scene. Such an approach would normally require a large quantity of training images labelled with object/ba ckground scene associations. To circumvent costly manual training s et labelling, we propose a cross-modal approach, learning a nd incorporating contextual information via automatic text analysis from th e Web, to generate the conditional probabilities of an objec t given a background scene. This method allows us to strictly distinguish the obj ect classifier from the background scene classifier, and then merge them using estimated conditional probabilities through a learned Bay esian network. The key contribution of this paper is a framew ork that provides a unified, multimodal approach to learning and using context ual information for improving image processing using stati tics obtained from processing Web text.
Analysis of direct free kicks in the women's football World Cup 2007

Abstract The location and outcome of all free kicks taken directly at goal in the 2007 women's football World Cup were assessed to identify areas with the most goal-scoring potential and assist with tactical decisions and training design. Video of all free kicks taken directly at goal in the 32 games was captured and the location of the ball on the pitch was calculated from pitch markings and image pixel coordinates using a customized curve-fitting method. The outcome of each free kick was determined and for those that resulted in a goal or were saved, information on ball flight time and the placement of the ball relative to the goal was reported. All seven free kicks that resulted in a goal were taken from a central area within 7 m of the penalty circle, placed at the edge of the goal within approximately 1 m of the goalpost, and had an average flight time of 1.09 s, which was significantly faster than for those that were saved. All free kicks directed towards the bottom and centre of the goal resulted in straightforward saves for the goalkeeper. It is recommended that teams should consider a direct shot from free kicks awarded within 7 m of the penalty circle. For free kicks from wide areas and areas further from the goal, players should be aware of their individual ability and only take a shot when they perceive the probability of scoring a goal to be high. Otherwise, alternative attacking strategies should be considered to avoid an easy turnover of possession.
Studying the motivations of Chinese young EFL learners through metaphor analysis

Few studies investigate ELT with young learners in China, although conservative estimates suggest 60-million primary school children are studying English; even fewer studies investigate Chinese young learners’ L2 motivation. This article reports on a study of English learning motivation among Chinese primary school pupils through analysing elicited metaphors. This innovative method can yield insights into young learners’ thinking and feelings which a standard interview method may not reveal. One hundred and twenty-eight pupils aged 7 and 9 years old (Y1 and Y3, respectively) from four different Chinese primary schools who had studied English for six months gave 362 elicited metaphors with reasoning entailments. Analysis shows these learners are highly positive about learning English; they feel happiness and excitement; they are influenced by interactive methods and learning through play; and believe they attain useful and purposeful outcomes. Some Y3 students indicated their dynamic awareness of English learning difficulties, but believed they would still achieve desired outcomes.
Detection of Fetomaternal Genotype Associations in Early-Onset Disorders: Evaluation of Different Methods and Their Application to Childhood Leukemia

Several designs and analytical approaches have been proposed to dissect offspring from maternal genetic contributions to early-onset diseases. However, lack of parental controls halts the direct verification of the assumption of mating symmetry (MS) required to assess maternally-mediated effects. In this study, we used simulations to investigate the performance of existing methods under mating asymmetry (MA) when parents of controls are missing. Our results show that the log-linear, likelihood-based framework using a case-triad/case-control hybrid design provides valid tests for maternal genetic effects even under MA. Using this approach, we examined fetomaternal associations between 29 SNPs in 12 cell-cycle genes and childhood pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We identified putative fetomaternal effects at loci CDKN2A rs36228834 (P = .017) and CDKN2B rs36229158 (P = .022) that modulate the risk of childhood ALL. These data further corroborate the importance of the mother's genotype on the susceptibility to early-onset diseases.
A reference architecture for web browsers: part II, a pattern for web browser content renderer

Currently, most software developments are focused in creating systems connected to the Internet, which allows to add functionality within a system and facilities to their stakeholders. This leads to depend on a web client, such as a web browser, which allows access to Internet services, data or operations that a system delivers. Within the browser's main components, a rendering engine is in charge of obtaining a convenient data structure as an output for a browser process. We developed a Web Browser Communication pattern that describes the infrastructure to allow the communication between a web client (or a web browser) and a server in the Internet. In this paper, we describe the component in charge of the rendering for a obtained web resource within the web browser, named here as Web Browser Content Renderer. In this work we have described this component as a pattern, to describe how a browser's rendering engine works and interacts with other subsystems. Patterns combine experience and good practices to obtain models that can be used for new designs, to compare and select systems/applications or to teach others. The audience to which our paper is focused are browser developers, web application developers, researchers and teachers, being the first two the most important.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms; their isolation from clinical specimens does not always indicate clinical disease. The incidence of NTM lung diseases has been increasing worldwide. Although the geographic diversity of NTM species is well known, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), M. abscessus complex (MABC), and M. kansasii are the most commonly encountered and important etiologic organisms. Two distinct types of NTM lung diseases have been reported, namely fibrocavitary and nodular bronchiectatic forms. For laboratory diagnosis of NTM lung diseases, both liquid and solid media cultures and species-level identification are strongly recommended to enhance growth detection and determine the clinical relevance of isolates. Treatment for NTM lung diseases consists of a multidrug regimen and a long course of therapy, lasting more than 12 months after negative sputum conversion. For MAC lung disease, several new macrolide-based regimens are now recommended. For nodular bronchiectatic forms of MAC lung diseases, an intermittent three-time-weekly regimen produces outcomes similar to those of daily therapy. Treatment of MABC lung disease is very difficult, requiring long-term use of parenteral agents in combination with new macrolides. Treatment outcomes are much better for M. massiliense lung disease than for M. abscessus lung disease. Thus, precise identification of species in MABC infection is needed for the prediction of antibiotic response. Likewise, increased efforts to improve treatment outcomes and develop new agents for NTM lung disease are needed.