Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Cytosine Deaminase Fusion Gene Enhances the Effect of Radiation on Breast Cancer in Bone by Reducing Tumor Burden, Osteolysis, and Skeletal Fracture

Background: Painful breast carcinoma metastases in bone are a common manifestation of malignant disease. Eradication of these tumors can be evasive, and as a result, skeletal morbidity increases with disease progression. Experimental Design: The treatment potential of cytosine deaminase (CD) gene therapy combined with radiation treatment was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using a 4T1 murine breast carcinoma model. 4T1 carcinoma cells were transduced with a fusion gene encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the human nerve growth factor receptor and the cytoplasmic portion of the yeast CD gene (NGFR-CDy). Results and Conclusions: CD-expressing tumor cells (4TCDy) were highly sensitive to treatment by 5-fluorocytosine prodrug (P < 0.0001). 5-Fluorocytosine treatment of 4TCDy, but not 4T1 cells, enhanced the effects of radiation in vitro (P < 0.0001). 5-Fluorocytosine prodrug treatment also increased the therapeutic potential of radiation in vivo. Mice with 4TCDy intrafemoral tumors showed increased effectiveness of radiation based on improved reductions in tumor size, reductions in tumorigenic osteolysis, and a decrease in skeletal fractures (P < 0.01).
Hyperspectral image coding using Spectral Prediction Modelling in HEVC coding framework

A novel coding framework using Spectral Prediction Modelling (SPM) in the latest High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) framework for Hyperspectral (HS) images is proposed in this paper. A HS image presents a wealth of data where every pixel is considered as a vector in a multidimensional space. By quantitative comparison and analysis of pixel vector's distribution along spectral bands, we can conclude that modelling can solve the distribution and correlation of pixel vectors in a certain range of bands. We estimate the current spectral band by extracting an instant spectral band of the HS image using Gaussian Mixture-based Modelling via the correlation of previous bands. The estimated current spectral band named as the common informatics wavelength (CIW) image is used as the additional reference to encode the residual of the current band with either the CIW or the previous band followed by the HEVC coding framework. Every spectral band of the HS image is treated like it is an individual frame of a video. In this paper, we compare the proposed method with mainstream HS encoders including JPEG2000, JPEG, PCA-DCT, HEVC-intra, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees three dimensional (SPIHT-3D) and Adaptively Scanned Wavelet Difference Reduction (ASWDR). The experimental results fully justified by different types of HS datasets. The performance of the proposed method has outperformed the other encoding algorithms in terms of Rate- Distortion performance of HS image compression.
Thinking Pigs: A Comparative Review of Cognition, Emotion, and Personality in Sus domesticus

While relatively little is known about the psychology of domestic pigs, what is known suggests that pigs are cognitively complex and share many traits with animals whom we consider intelligent. This paper reviews the scientific evidence for cognitive complexity in domestic pigs and, when appropriate, compares this literature with similar findings in other animals, focusing on some of the more compelling and cutting-edge research results. The goals of this paper are to: 1) frame pig cognition and psychology in a basic comparative context independent of the livestock production and management setting; and 2) identify areas of research with pigs that are particularly compelling and in need of further investigation. We summarize and discuss several areas of comparative psychology, including nonsocial and social cognition, self-awareness, emotion, and personality. We conclude that there are several areas of research in which the findings are suggestive of complex psychology in pigs. We conclude by calling for more noninvasive cognitive and behavioral research with domestic pigs in non-laboratory settings that allow them to express their natural abilities.
Influenza A: Understanding the Viral Life Cycle

Influenza A virus belongs to the family of Orthomyxoviridae. It is an enveloped virus with a negative sense RNA segmented genome that encodes for 11 viral genes. This virus has evolved a number of mechanisms that enable it to invade host cells and subvert the host cell machinery for its own purpose, that is, for the sole production of more virus. Two of the mechanisms that the virus uses are “cap-snatching” and preventing the host cell from expressing its own genes. This mini-review provides a brief overview as to how the virus is able to invade host cells, replicate itself, and exit the host cell.
Does Music Training Enhance Literacy Skills? A Meta-Analysis

Children's engagement in music practice is associated with enhancements in literacy-related language skills, as demonstrated by multiple reports of correlation across these two domains. Training studies have tested whether engaging in music training directly transfers benefit to children's literacy skill development. Results of such studies, however, are mixed. Interpretation of these mixed results is made more complex by the fact that a wide range of literacy-related outcome measures are used across these studies. Here, we address these challenges via a meta-analytic approach. A comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed music training studies was built around key criteria needed to test the direct transfer hypothesis, including: (a) inclusion of music training vs. control groups; (b) inclusion of pre- vs. post-comparison measures, and (c) indication that reading instruction was held constant across groups. Thirteen studies were identified (n = 901). Two classes of outcome measures emerged with sufficient overlap to support meta-analysis: phonological awareness and reading fluency. Hours of training, age, and type of control intervention were examined as potential moderators. Results supported the hypothesis that music training leads to gains in phonological awareness skills. The effect isolated by contrasting gains in music training vs. gains in control was small relative to the large variance in these skills (d = 0.2). Interestingly, analyses revealed that transfer effects for rhyming skills tended to grow stronger with increased hours of training. In contrast, no significant aggregate transfer effect emerged for reading fluency measures, despite some studies reporting large training effects. The potential influence of other study design factors were considered, including intervention design, IQ, and SES. Results are discussed in the context of emerging findings that music training may enhance literacy development via changes in brain mechanisms that support both music and language cognition.
Self adaptive software technology for robotics

Software systems are operating in an environment that is not well defined or predictable. Therefore, the software systems should be robustly performed to meet various user requirements in the complex and often hostile environment. The problem is significant in robot applications. The robot has to serve without human's interrupt without trouble caused by unexpected situations. Thus, this paper at first presents a self adaptive approach for software robustness and proposes the research framework for self adaptive robot.
Mitochondrion: an emerging platform critical for host antiviral signaling

Introduction: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are the two major receptor systems for detecting RNA viruses. RLRs play essential roles within the cytosol of various cell types. The signaling pathways converge at the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (MAVS) on the outer membrane of mitochondria. Recent research has surprisingly shown that many mitochondrial intrinsic factors play novel functions in RLR signaling, conferring a new perspective of therapeutic drug design to inhibit viral infection. Areas covered: This review covers the literature of the past 6 years and summarizes the components, regulation and mechanisms of RLR signaling, highlighting the function and regulation of mitochondrial proteins, such as MAVS and translocase of outer membrane (Tom)70 in this process. The authors attempt to delineate the complicated cross-talk among subcellular organelles in the context of intracellular antiviral signaling. Expert opinion: It is imperative to elucidate the specific roles and mechanisms of post-translational modifications in MAVS signaling. The sub-cellular dynamics of regulatory proteins should be correlated with their multiple functions. Animal models are needed to further probe the integration of mitochondria with innate immunity evolutionarily; they will be instrumental for identifying novel antiviral targets and, ultimately, for developing specific clinical drugs.
Task and vision based online manipulator trajectory generation for a humanoid robot

This paper presents a method to generate vision and task based robot manipulator trajectories. In the framework of the research on daily assistive robots the task formulated for this work consists in ranging boxes in a shelf or picking them up and placing them into a shopping cart. For object recovery SIFT keypoint tracking in combination with stereo vision is used. A collision free trajectory between two way points is generated based on a 3D-gridmap of the environment in front of the robot. A trajectory generation loop is implemented using resolved motion rate control and attractor coordinate frames that define the way points of the trajectory. The proposed method was tested on the humanoid robot HRP2-JSK.
Learning the Kernel: A Survey and Comparison

The choice of kernel is essential in kernel-based leaning methods. One way to choose a suitable kernel is cross-validation, but there is an alternative solution, that is, learning the kernel from data. In this project, two papers about learning the kernel matrix and kernel function from data are surveyed and compared. The method of learning the kernel matrix is implemented, and empirical results are reported and discussed.
Academic Performance Related to Achievement Motive and Locus of Control.

MF-$0.83 HC-$1.67 Plus Postage. *Academic Achievement; *Achievement Need; College Students; Educational Assessment; Goal Orientation; Grade Point Average; Higher Education; *Learning Motivation; *Locus of Control; *Motivation; Personality Assessment; Research Projec s; Concept Nine groups of undergraduate students were formed on Abe_basis of one-third splits of the distributions of their scores on an internality-externality measure and on an achievement motive measure. Academic performance was measured by obtaining grade point averages for all subjects. Analysis of variance showed that internal students made higher grades when compared to external students and that students with high levels of achievement motive made better grates than did students with low levels of achievement motive. Grade differences between high and low achievement motive groups were . significant among the internal students but not among the external students. (Author) Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished ma erials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * to -obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * -of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * *. via 'the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) . EDRS is not *--responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions *-supplied by EDRS are the best that cam be made from the original. -4*********** ********************** **********************************
Characteristic Age Distribution of Plasmodium vivax Infections after Malaria Elimination on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu

ABSTRACT Resurgence is a major concern after malaria elimination. After the initiation of the elimination program on Aneityum Island in 1991, microscopy showed that Plasmodium falciparum disappeared immediately, whereas P. vivax disappeared from 1996 onward, until P. vivax cases were reported in January 2002. By conducting malariometric surveys of the entire population of Aneityum, we investigated the age distribution of individuals with parasites during this epidemic in the context of antimalarial antibody levels and parasite antigen diversity. In July 2002, P. vivax infections were detected by microscopy in 22/759 individuals: 20/298 born after the beginning of the elimination program in 1991, 2/126 born between 1982 and 1991, and none of 335 born before 1982. PCR increased the number of infections detected to 77, distributed among all age groups. Prevalences were 12.1%, 16.7%, and 6.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). In November, a similar age pattern was found, but with fewer infections: 6/746 and 39/741 individuals were found to be infected by microscopy and PCR, respectively. The frequencies of antibody responses to P. vivax were significantly higher in individuals born before 1991 than in younger age groups and were similar to those on Malakula Island, an area of endemicity. Remarkably low antigen diversity (h, 0.15) of P. vivax infections was observed on Aneityum compared with the other islands (h, 0.89 to 1.0). A P. vivax resurgence was observed among children and teenagers on Aneityum, an age distribution similar to those before elimination and on islands where P. vivax is endemic, suggesting that in the absence of significant exposure, immunity may persist, limiting infection levels in adults. The limited parasite gene pool on islands may contribute to this protection.
Supplement to the AHA guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks.

To the Editor: I read with interest the recent supplement to the guidelines on management of patients with transient ischemic attacks.1 However, with regard to carotid endarterectomy (CE), I was disappointed that Albers et al made no attempt to interpret the clinical trial results in the context of real-world surgical performance. For example, in the updated section on CE for 50% to 69% symptomatic stenosis, the authors state that symptomatic patients with 50% to 69% benefit from surgery and that these patients should be considered for CE. However, should clinicians conclude that because patients in the surgical arm of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) had a marginal statistically significant benefit ( P =0.045) that this result is clinically meaningful and that this can be routinely achieved in clinical practice? One must keep in mind that the benefit of surgery in the 50% to 69% group was very modest. For the …
A Neural Mechanism of Social Categorization

Humans readily sort one another into multiple social categories from mere facial features. However, the facial features used to do so are not always clear-cut because they can be associated with opponent categories (e.g., feminine male face). Recently, computational models and behavioral studies have provided indirect evidence that categorizing such faces is accomplished through dynamic competition between parallel, coactivated social categories that resolve into a stable categorical percept. Using a novel paradigm combining fMRI with real-time hand tracking, the present study examined how the brain translates diverse social cues into categorical percepts. Participants (male and female) categorized faces varying in gender and racial typicality. When categorizing atypical faces, participants' hand movements were simultaneously attracted toward the unselected category response, indexing the degree to which such faces activated the opposite category in parallel. Multivoxel pattern analyses (MVPAs) provided evidence that such social category coactivation manifested in neural patterns of the right fusiform cortex. The extent to which the hand was simultaneously attracted to the opposite gender or race category response option corresponded to increased neural pattern similarity with the average pattern associated with that category, which in turn associated with stronger engagement of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. The findings point to a model of social categorization in which occasionally conflicting facial features are resolved through competition between coactivated ventral–temporal cortical representations with the assistance of conflict-monitoring regions. More broadly, the results offer a promising multimodal paradigm to investigate the neural basis of “hidden”, temporarily active representations in the service of a broad range of cognitive processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Individuals readily sort one another into social categories (e.g., sex, race), which have important consequences for a variety of interpersonal behaviors. However, individuals routinely encounter faces that contain diverse features associated with multiple categories (e.g., feminine male face). Using a novel paradigm combining neuroimaging with hand tracking, the present research sought to address how the brain comes to arrive at stable social categorizations from multiple social cues. The results provide evidence that opponent social categories coactivate in face-processing regions, which compete and may resolve into an eventual stable categorization with the assistance of conflict-monitoring regions. Therefore, the findings provide a neural mechanism through which the brain may translate inherently diverse social cues into coherent categorizations of other people.
High seismic attenuation at a mid-ocean ridge reveals the distribution of deep melt

Seismic attenuation beneath a mid-ocean ridge indicates a deep, narrow column of mantle melt, implying buoyant upwelling. At most mid-ocean ridges, a wide region of decompression melting must be reconciled with a narrow neovolcanic zone and the establishment of full oceanic crustal thickness close to the rift axis. Two competing paradigms have been proposed to explain melt focusing: narrow mantle upwelling due to dynamic effects related to in situ melt or wide mantle upwelling with lateral melt transport in inclined channels. Measurements of seismic attenuation provide a tool for identifying and characterizing the presence of melt and thermal heterogeneity in the upper mantle. We use a unique data set of teleseismic body waves recorded on the Cascadia Initiative’s Amphibious Array to simultaneously measure seismic attenuation and velocity across an entire oceanic microplate. We observe maximal differential attenuation and the largest delays (ΔtS*~1.7 s and δTS ~ 2 s) in a narrow zone <50 km from the Juan de Fuca and Gorda ridge axes, with values that are not consistent with laboratory estimates of temperature or water effects. The implied seismic quality factor (Qs ≤ 25) is among the lowest observed worldwide. Models harnessing experimentally derived anelastic scaling relationships require a 150-km-deep subridge region containing up to 2% in situ melt. The low viscosity and low density associated with this deep, narrow melt column provide the conditions for dynamic mantle upwelling, explaining a suite of geophysical observations at ridges, including electrical conductivity and shear velocity anomalies.
Therapy of travelers’ diarrhea with rifaximin on various continents

OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of rifaximin, a virtually nonabsorbed antibiotic, 600 and 1200 mg per day, with placebo in patients with travelers’ diarrhea.METHODS:This was a multicenter, 1:1:1 randomized, parallel-group, double-blind study, conducted in Antigua, Guatemala; Guadalajara and Morelia, Mexico; and the coast of Kenya north and south of Mombasa. Adult patients with acute travelers’ diarrhea were recruited; exclusion criteria included primarily medication that could influence the outcome. Subjects were treated for 3 days, three times daily; follow-up lasted 5 days. For each 24-h period, the subjects completed a diary card. Pre- and posttreatment stool, blood, and urine samples were assessed.RESULTS:Among the 380 volunteers, median time to the last unformed stool was 32.5 and 32.9 h in both rifaximin groups, compared with 60.0 h with placebo (p = 0.0001). Also, secondary clinical outcome measures were favorably influenced by the active agent. No relevant side effects were reported.CONCLUSION:Rifaximin is efficacious and safe for treatment of travelers’ diarrhea at daily doses of 600 mg or higher.
Notice of RetractionMoral Hazard analysis in cooperation among industry-university- research institute

Cooperation among industry-university-research institute has already become an important form of cooperation innovation. Allies in organization, who have cooperative relationship, burden moral hazard due to information asymmetry. The paper develops a game model on partner selection without signal under information asymmetry and analyzes a signal transmission model which includes the reputation as a signal. This paper draws a conclusion that adverse selection exists in cooperation under information asymmetry, introducing the reputation as a signal can avoid moral hazard and improve the efficiency of the cooperation.
p300-mediated acetylation of COMMD1 regulates its stability, and the ubiquitylation and nucleolar translocation of the RelA NF-κB subunit

ABSTRACT Nucleolar sequestration of the RelA subunit of nuclear factor (NF)-&kgr;B is an important mechanism for regulating NF-&kgr;B transcriptional activity. Ubiquitylation, facilitated by COMMD1 (also known as MURR1), acts as a crucial nucleolar-targeting signal for RelA, but how this ubiquitylation is regulated, and how it differs from cytokine-mediated ubiquitylation, which causes proteasomal degradation of RelA, is poorly understood. Here, we report a new role for p300 (also known as EP300) in controlling stimulus-specific ubiquitylation of RelA, through modulation of COMMD1. We show that p300 is required for stress-mediated ubiquitylation and nucleolar translocation of RelA, but that this effect is indirect. We also demonstrate that COMMD1 is acetylated by p300 and that acetylation protects COMMD1 from XIAP-mediated proteosomal degradation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that COMMD1 acetylation is enhanced by aspirin-mediated stress, and that this acetylation is absolutely required for the protein to bind RelA under these conditions. In contrast, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has no effect on COMMD1 acetylation. Finally, we demonstrate these findings have relevance in a whole tissue setting. These data offer a new paradigm for the regulation of NF-&kgr;B transcriptional activity, and the multiple other pathways controlled by COMMD1.
State of the Art in Web Information Retrieval ∗

The main Information Retrieval (IR) concepts and theories are introduced along with the specific case of WebIR. Seminal and landmark research on WebIR is discussed along with more recent work on this subject. Several of the most active research centres, companies and researchers are presented and their work is discussed. Related research areas are also briefly described. Through all the report a special emphasis is placed on the concept of temporal analysis of the web for information retrieval.