Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concretizing the image schema: How semantics guides the bootstrapping of syntax

In this computational study for acquiring syntactic containment constructions, we suggest that emergent structures in the sensorimotor space may help limit the search for linguistic patterns to a much smaller corpus, in which the earliest glimmerings of syntax may originate. We consider an early learner exposed to perceptual data (video) with co-occurring word-segmented commentaries. In the initial stages of an incremental statistical learning process, content words (e.g. object names) are acquired. Then, some prototypical containment categories emerge by clustering spatial relations in the perceptual input. These situational regularities are used to focus only on sentences uttered during containment situations. By using k-gram and path alignment models on this limited corpus, we show that such a system may begin to learn word categories as well as syntacto-semantic constructions such as “into the X”/[IN(tr,X)]. A key step in the process is the structure in which this perceptual knowledge is organized. The term “image schema” has often been used to refer to such structures, but has widely divergent interpretations. We view the image schema as a category oracle; initially limited to spatio-temporal situation, it may extend, with increasing exposure to language, to new situations.
For better (for worse) : the science of a good marriage

We've all heard the statistic: 50 percent of marriages end in divorce. It's enough to make many couples give up when the going gets tough. But what if it weren't true? What if, in fact, it's not only possible but often easier than you think to save a seemingly troubled relationship? These are the questions leading "New York Times" blogger Tara Parker-Pope asked herself after her own divorce. An investigative journalist, she turned to some of the top biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists for the facts about marriage and divorce. "For Better (For Worse)" offers page after page of astonishing, eye-opening good news. It helps readers to discover: the science behind why some marriages work and others don't; the biology behind why some spouses cheat and others remain faithful; and the best diagnostic tools created by cutting-edge psychologists to assess the probability of success in getting married and staying married. Packed full of questionnaires to uncover your hidden feelings and tools to show how small adjustments can make a huge difference, this is the definitive guide to the most profound relationship of our lives.
Compander systems with adaptive preemphasis/deemphasis using linear prediction

A new class of compander systems is proposed that combines conventional broad-band companders with adaptive filtering based on linear prediction. This allows not only for reduction, but also spectral shaping of noise induced e.g. in FM radio links. Evaluation using a simulation application shows a significant increase in perceived audio quality compared to conventional compander systems.
ROBUST BACKGROUND MAINTENANCE FOR DYNAMIC SCENES WITH GLOBAL INTENSITY LEVEL CHANGES

In background subtraction, the maintenance of significant backgrounds is very critical under various scene changes. In this paper, we propose a background maintenance method for dynamic scenes including global intensity level changes caused by the changes of illumination conditions and camera settings. If global intensity level changes abruptly, the conventional background model cannot discriminate true foreground pixels from the background. The proposed method immediately modifies the background model based on the estimation of level changes by mean-shift. Saturated pixels are handled by an additional scheme. In real-world experiments for dynamic scenes, our proposed method outperforms previous methods by adaptive background maintenance and handling of saturated pixels.
COMPLEX EVENT DETECTION IN PEDESTRIAN GROUPS FROM UAVS

Abstract. We present a new hierarchical event detection approach for highly complex scenarios in pedestrian groups on the basis of airborne image sequences from UAVs. Related work on event detection for pedestrians is capable of learning and analyzing recurring motion paths to detect abnormal paths and of analyzing the type of motion interaction between pairs of pedestrians. However, these approaches can only describe basic motion and fail at the analysis of pedestrian groups with complex behavior. We overcome the limitations of the related work by using a dynamic pedestrian graph of a scene which contains basic pairwise pedestrian motion interaction labels in the first layer. In the second layer, pedestrian groups are analyzed based on the dynamic pedestrian graph in order to get higher-level information about group behavior. This is done by a heuristic assignment of predefined scenarios out of a model library to the data. The assignment is based on the motion interaction labels, on dynamic group motion parameters and on a set of subgraph features. Experimental results are shown based on a new UAV dataset which contains group motion of different complexity levels.
From Disease Association to Risk Assessment: An Optimistic View from Genome-Wide Association Studies on Type 1 Diabetes

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been fruitful in identifying disease susceptibility loci for common and complex diseases. A remaining question is whether we can quantify individual disease risk based on genotype data, in order to facilitate personalized prevention and treatment for complex diseases. Previous studies have typically failed to achieve satisfactory performance, primarily due to the use of only a limited number of confirmed susceptibility loci. Here we propose that sophisticated machine-learning approaches with a large ensemble of markers may improve the performance of disease risk assessment. We applied a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm on a GWAS dataset generated on the Affymetrix genotyping platform for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and optimized a risk assessment model with hundreds of markers. We subsequently tested this model on an independent Illumina-genotyped dataset with imputed genotypes (1,008 cases and 1,000 controls), as well as a separate Affymetrix-genotyped dataset (1,529 cases and 1,458 controls), resulting in area under ROC curve (AUC) of ∼0.84 in both datasets. In contrast, poor performance was achieved when limited to dozens of known susceptibility loci in the SVM model or logistic regression model. Our study suggests that improved disease risk assessment can be achieved by using algorithms that take into account interactions between a large ensemble of markers. We are optimistic that genotype-based disease risk assessment may be feasible for diseases where a notable proportion of the risk has already been captured by SNP arrays.
The relationship of identity styles, entrepreneurship and creativity with self-efficacy of clients of Tomorrow Sunrise Social Work Clinic, Haftkel City

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of identity styles, entrepreneurship and creativity with self-efficacy of clients of Tomorrow Sunrise Social Work Clinic, Haftkel City. The sample consisted of 150 clients from the said community that were 235 people selected by simple random sampling. The research instruments included Berzonsky identity styles, Robbins entrepreneurship questionnaire, Abedi creativity questionnaire and general self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherrer. Data was analyzed using multiple regression tests. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between identity styles, entrepreneurship and creativity with self-efficacy of clients of Tomorrow Sunrise Social Work Clinic, Haftkel City. So the hypothesis is confirmed.
Obtaining Sensing Data Based on the Proximity of Sensor Nodes

Providing useful information and services based on a user's context is one of the key factors in achieving a ubiquitous environment. However, it is difficult to obtain a user's context (e.g., temperature and humidity) from a wireless sensor network because the wireless sensor network does not focus on obtaining the requested data from only the closest sensor node. In this paper, we propose a method to obtain the requested data. First, we employ received signal strength to detect the closest sensor node, and then we obtain the requested data by using the received signal strength and broadcast messages. Through our prototype system, we show the proposed method can obtain the data within an acceptable processing time.
Bone Dielectric Property Variation as a Function of Mineralization at Microwave Frequencies

A critical need exists for new imaging tools to more accurately characterize bone quality beyond the conventional modalities of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), ultrasound speed of sound, and broadband attenuation measurements. In this paper we investigate the microwave dielectric properties of ex vivo trabecular bone with respect to bulk density measures. We exploit a variation in our tomographic imaging system in conjunction with a new soft prior regularization scheme that allows us to accurately recover the dielectric properties of small, regularly shaped and previously spatially defined volumes. We studied six excised porcine bone samples from which we extracted cylindrically shaped trabecular specimens from the femoral heads and carefully demarrowed each preparation. The samples were subsequently treated in an acid bath to incrementally remove volumes of hydroxyapatite, and we tested them with both the microwave measurement system and a micro-CT scanner. The measurements were performed at five density levels for each sample. The results show a strong correlation between both the permittivity and conductivity and bone volume fraction and suggest that microwave imaging may be a good candidate for evaluating overall bone health.
Transcriptional Profiles of Host-Pathogen Responses to Necrotic Enteritis and Differential Regulation of Immune Genes in Two Inbreed Chicken Lines Showing Disparate Disease Susceptibility

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important intestinal infectious disease of commercial poultry flocks caused by Clostridium perfringens. Using an experimental model of NE involving co-infection with C. perfringens and Eimeria maxima, transcriptome profiling and functional genomics approaches were applied to identify the genetic mechanisms that might regulate the host response to this disease. Microarray hybridization identified 1,049 transcripts whose levels were altered (601 increased, 448 decreased) in intestinal lymphocytes from C. perfringens/E. maxima co-infected Ross chickens compared with uninfected controls. Five biological functions, all related to host immunity and inflammation, and 11 pathways were identified from this dataset. To further elucidate the role of host genetics in NE susceptibility, two inbred chicken lines, ADOL line 6 and line 7 which share an identical B2 major histocompatibility complex haplotype but differ in their susceptibility to virus infection, were compared for clinical symptoms and the expression levels of a panel of immune-related genes during experimental NE. Line 6 chickens were more susceptible to development of experimental NE compared with line 7, as revealed by decreased body weight gain and increased E. maxima oocyst shedding. Of 21 immune-related genes examined, 15 were increased in C. perfringens/E. maxima co-infected line 6 vs. line 7 chickens. These results suggest that immune pathways are activated in response to experimental NE infection and that genetic determinants outside of the chicken B complex influence resistance to this disease.
Dynamics and Differential Proliferation of Transposable Elements During the Evolution of the B and A Genomes of Wheat

Transposable elements (TEs) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (Triticum and Aegilops species) remain unexplored. In this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3B and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 Mb of sequence (from 13 BAC clones) of the wheat B genome and 3.63 Mb of sequence (from 19 BAC clones) of the wheat A genome. Analysis of TE sequence proportions (as percentages), ratios of complete to truncated copies, and estimation of insertion dates of class I retrotransposons showed that specific types of TEs have undergone waves of differential proliferation in the B and A genomes of wheat. While both genomes show similar rates and relatively ancient proliferation periods for the Athila retrotransposons, the Copia retrotransposons proliferated more recently in the A genome whereas Gypsy retrotransposon proliferation is more recent in the B genome. It was possible to estimate for the first time the proliferation periods of the abundant CACTA class II DNA transposons, relative to that of the three main retrotransposon superfamilies. Proliferation of these TEs started prior to and overlapped with that of the Athila retrotransposons in both genomes. However, they also proliferated during the same periods as Gypsy and Copia retrotransposons in the A genome, but not in the B genome. As estimated from their insertion dates and confirmed by PCR-based tracing analysis, the majority of differential proliferation of TEs in B and A genomes of wheat (87 and 83%, respectively), leading to rapid sequence divergence, occurred prior to the allotetraploidization event that brought them together in Triticum turgidum and Triticum aestivum, <0.5 million years ago. More importantly, the allotetraploidization event appears to have neither enhanced nor repressed retrotranspositions. We discuss the apparent proliferation of TEs as resulting from their insertion, removal, and/or combinations of both evolutionary forces.
Acceleration and parallax effects in gravitational microlensing

To generate the standard microlensing light curve, we assume that the relative motion of the source, the lens and the observer is linear. In reality, the relative motion is likely to be more complicated due to accelerations of the observer, the lens and the source. The simplest approximation beyond the linear-motion assumption is to add a constant acceleration. Microlensing light curves due to accelerations can be symmetric or asymmetric depending on the angle between the acceleration and the velocity. We show that it is possible that some of the previously reported shorter marginal parallax events can be reproduced with constant-acceleration models, while the longer, multi-year parallax events are ill-fitted by such models. We find that there is a generic degeneracy inherent in constant-acceleration microlensing models. We also find that there is an equivalent degeneracy in parallax models, which manifests itself in short-duration events. The importance of this new parallax degeneracy is illustrated with an example, using one of these marginal parallax events. Our new analysis suggests that another of these previously suspected parallax candidate events may be exhibiting some weak binary-source signatures. If this turns out to be true, spectroscopic observations of the source could determine some parameters in the model and may also constrain or even determine the lens mass. We also point out that symmetric light curves with constant accelerations can mimic blended light curves, producing misleading Einstein-radius crossing time-scales when fitted by the standard ‘blended’ microlensing model; this may have some effect on the estimation of optical depth.
Timing Analysis for TDMA Arbitration in Resource Sharing Systems

Modern computing systems have adopted multicore architectures and multiprocessor systems on chip (MPSoCs) for accommodating the increasing demand on computation power. However, performance boosting is constrained by shared resources, such as buses, main memory, DMA, etc.This paper analyzes the worst-case completion (response) time for real-time tasks when time division multiple access (TDMA) policies are applied for resource arbitration.Real-time tasks execute periodically on a processing element and are constituted by sequential superblocks. A superblock is characterized by its accesses to a shared resource and its computation time. We explore three models of accessing shared resources: (1)dedicated access model, in which accesses happen only at the beginning and the end of a superblock, (2) general access model, in which accesses could happen anytime during the execution of a superblock, and (3) hybrid access model, which combines the dedicated and general access models. We present a framework to analyze the worst-case completion time of real-time tasks (superblocks) under these three access models, for a given TDMA arbiter. We compare the timing analysis of the three proposed models for a real-world application.
Filter networks for efficient estimation of local 3-D structure

Linear filtering is a fundamental operation in signal processing, but for multidimensional signals the practical use is severely limited by the computer power available. Decomposition of filters into a layered structure of sparse subfilters, i.e. a filter network, significantly reduces the number of multiplications required for each data sample. A filter network, here used for phase invariant estimation of local 3-D structure, provides a flexible solution for linear filtering, especially suited for applying a set of filters on signals of higher dimensionality. The filter network presented, is twice as efficient as convolution based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and outperforms standard convolution by a factor exceeding 50 in terms of multiplications and additions performed.
The Distribution of Synonymous Codon Choice in the Translation Initiation Region of Dengue Virus

Dengue is the most common arthropod-borne viral (Arboviral) illness in humans. The genetic features concerning the codon usage of dengue virus (DENV) were analyzed by the relative synonymous codon usage, the effective number of codons and the codon adaptation index. The evolutionary distance between DENV and the natural hosts (Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) was estimated by a novel formula. Finally, the synonymous codon usage preference for the translation initiation region of this virus was also analyzed. The result indicates that the general trend of the 59 synonymous codon usage of the four genotypes of DENV are similar to each other, and this pattern has no link with the geographic distribution of the virus. The effect of codon usage pattern of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti on the formation of codon usage of DENV is stronger than that of the two primates. Turning to the codon usage preference of the translation initiation region of this virus, some codons pairing to low tRNA copy numbers in the two primates have a stronger tendency to exist in the translation initiation region than those in the open reading frame of DENV. Although DENV, like other RNA viruses, has a high mutation to adapt its hosts, the regulatory features about the synonymous codon usage have been ‘branded’ on the translation initiation region of this virus in order to hijack the translational mechanisms of the hosts.
Relations between social support and life satisfaction of new generation peasant-workers

This study explored the relationship of social support and life satisfaction in 279 new generation peasant-workers with questionnaire of Social Support Rating Scale(SRSS) and life satisfaction index A(LSIA). The results indicted(1)The scores of the social support and life satisfaction were below the medium level. (2)The social support and life satisfaction of new generation peasant-workers have significant difference in varying degrees,while the scores among gender,age,marital status,income and education were difference. (3)A significantly positive correlation was found between social support and life satisfaction of new generation peasant-workers.
Formal Concept Analysis in Software Maintenance : State of the Art

Many sources agree that programmers’ efforts are mostly devoted to maintaining systems [1, 2]. Presserman estimates that typical software development organizations spend anywhere from 40 to 70 percent of all dollars performing maintenance [3]. This is not surprising when one considers the quantity of code to maintain. In recent years, a great number of methods have been developed to support the maintenance of software systems. In this state of the art, we give an overview of the different methods that exploit formal concept analysis to support the maintenance process. We discuss the different aspects constituting the maintenance of software programs, identify the problems that need to be tackled and discuss how each of these methods use formal concept analysis to tackle these problems.
Haemophilus influenzae Interacts with the Human Complement Inhibitor Factor H1

Pathogenic microbes acquire human complement inhibitors to circumvent the innate immune system. In this study, we identify two novel host-pathogen interactions, factor H (FH) and factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1), the inhibitors of the alternative pathway that binds to Hib. A collection of clinical Haemophilus influenzae isolates was tested and the majority of encapsulated and unencapsulated bound FH. The isolate Hib 541 with a particularly high FH-binding was selected for detailed analysis. An increased survival in normal human serum was observed with Hib 541 as compared with the low FH-binding Hib 568. Interestingly, two binding domains were identified within FH; one binding site common to both FH and FHL-1 was located in the N-terminal short consensus repeat domains 6–7, whereas the other, specific for FH, was located in the C-terminal short consensus repeat domains 18–20. Importantly, both FH and FHL-1, when bound to the surface of Hib 541, retained cofactor activity as determined by analysis of C3b degradation. Two H. influenzae outer membrane proteins of ∼32 and 40 kDa were detected with radiolabeled FH in Far Western blot. Taken together, in addition to interactions with the classical, lectin, and terminal pathways, H. influenzae interferes with the alternative complement activation pathway by binding FH and FHL-1, and thereby reducing the complement-mediated bactericidal activity resulting in an increased survival. In contrast to incubation with active complement, H. influenzae had a reduced survival in FH-depleted human serum, thus demonstrating that FH mediates a protective role at the bacterial surface.
Determinants of user participation: A Finnish survey

The relationship between user participation and information systems success has intrigued researchers for two decades. Despite this history there is minimal research on the antecedents of user participation. The tenet of the present paper is that the conditions of user participation are essentially changing. Especially, the European tradition of user participation has focused on blue collar workers rather than professionals and managers. Users are normally assumed to be computer illiterate. The North American tradition has almost exclusively focused on the impact of user participation on information systems success. The present paper examined the significance of organizational level of users, their task variety and computer experience as determinants of user participation including age, gender, education, computer training, organizational tenure and job tenure as control variables. The three determinants were found to have a significant positive effect on user participation, computer experience emerging a.