Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Oxygenation during One‐lung Ventilation in Dogs: The Effects of Positive End‐Expiratory Pressure and Blood Flow Restriction to the Nonventilated Lung

During one-lung ventilation in dogs, the authors studied the individual and combined effects of 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O of O2 PEEP to the nonventilated lung and nonocclusive inflation of a pulmonary artery catheter balloon (PAB) in the main pulmonary artery of the nonventilated lung on Pao2 °Q°/°Q°, and blood flow to the nonventilated lung (°Qtest/°Q°). Periods of one-lung ventilation alone resulted in Pao2 of 61 ° 5 torr (mean ° SE), °Q°/°Q° of 50 ° 3 per cent, and °Qtest/°Q° of 41 ° 6 per cent. They found that 5 and 10 cm H2O of O2 PEEP caused a greatly decreased °Q°/°Q°, (22 ° 4 and 21 ° 4 per cent, respectively) and increased Pao2 (327 ° 43 and 330 ° 40 torr, respectively) while °Qtest/°Q° remained unchanged, whereas 15 cm H2O of O2 PEEP caused similar Pao2 and °Q°/°Q° changes while °Qtest/°Q°, significantly decreased (to 19 ° 6). Nonocclusive inflation of the PAB alone caused moderate favorable changes in Pao2 and °Q°/°Q° (but less than those caused by any level of O2 PEEP) which were due to a decreased °Qtest/°Q°, (to 22 ° 5 percent). Inflation of the PAB during any level of O2 PEEP did not change Pao2 or °Q°/°Q° significantly, but still decreased °Qtest/°Q° significantly. Probable mechanisms of efficacy of nonventilated lung manipulations are as follows: low levels of O2 PEEP maintain the patency of airways, allowing nonventilated lung alveoli to participate in gas exchange; high levels of O2 PEEP act by this mechanism as well as by causing blood flow diversion to the ventilated lung; PAB inflation acts by blood flow diversion to the ventilated lung alone. The authors conclude that low levels of O2 PEEP to the nonventilated lung should be used when possible if hypoxemia occurs during one-lung ventilation. Flow diversion caused by PAB inflation may be uniquely useful in situations in which O2 PEEP to the nonventilated lung is impractical (e.g., surgical interference, pulmonary hemorrhage) or impossible (e.g., pulmonary lavage).
Classifier Stacking for Native Language Identification

This paper reports our contribution (team WLZ) to the NLI Shared Task 2017 (essay track). We first extract lexical and syntactic features from the essays, perform feature weighting and selection, and train linear support vector machine (SVM) classifiers each on an individual feature type. The output of base classifiers, as probabilities for each class, are then fed into a multilayer perceptron to predict the native language of the author. We also report the performance of each feature type, as well as the best features of a type. Our system achieves an accuracy of 86.55%, which is among the best performing systems of this shared task.
The Novel Cyst Nematode Effector Protein 19C07 Interacts with the Arabidopsis Auxin Influx Transporter LAX3 to Control Feeding Site Development1[W][OA]

Plant-parasitic cyst nematodes penetrate plant roots and transform cells near the vasculature into specialized feeding sites called syncytia. Syncytia form by incorporating neighboring cells into a single fused cell by cell wall dissolution. This process is initiated via injection of esophageal gland cell effector proteins from the nematode stylet into the host cell. Once inside the cell, these proteins may interact with host proteins that regulate the phytohormone auxin, as cellular concentrations of auxin increase in developing syncytia. Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) Hg19C07 is a novel effector protein expressed specifically in the dorsal gland cell during nematode parasitism. Here, we describe its ortholog in the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), Hs19C07. We demonstrate that Hs19C07 interacts with the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) auxin influx transporter LAX3. LAX3 is expressed in cells overlying lateral root primordia, providing auxin signaling that triggers the expression of cell wall-modifying enzymes, allowing lateral roots to emerge. We found that LAX3 and polygalacturonase, a LAX3-induced cell wall-modifying enzyme, are expressed in the developing syncytium and in cells to be incorporated into the syncytium. We observed no decrease in H. schachtii infectivity in aux1 and lax3 single mutants. However, a decrease was observed in both the aux1lax3 double mutant and the aux1lax1lax2lax3 quadruple mutant. In addition, ectopic expression of 19C07 was found to speed up lateral root emergence. We propose that Hs19C07 most likely increases LAX3-mediated auxin influx and may provide a mechanism for cyst nematodes to modulate auxin flow into root cells, stimulating cell wall hydrolysis for syncytium development.
Miniaturized frequency reconfigurable pentagonal MIMO slot antenna for interweave CR applications

In this article, a miniaturized 4‐element frequency reconfigurable multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The proposed design is low profile with planar configuration. The design consists of pentagonal slot‐based frequency reconfigurable antenna elements. Varactor diodes are used to change the capacitive reactance of the slot. The MIMO antenna system can be tuned over a frequency band covering 3.2 to 3.9 GHz with at least 100 MHz bandwidth within each band. The proposed antenna covers several commercial standards including WiMAX (3.4‐3.6 GHz), TDD LTE (3.6‐3.8 GHz), and Wi‐Fi 802.11y (3.65‐3.7 GHz), along with several other bands. The proposed design was realized on a board of dimensions 60 × 120 mm2. The isolation between adjacent antenna elements is improved using slot‐line based defected ground structures (DGS). The antenna maintains a minimum isolation of 10 dB in its entire covered operating bands. The antenna is also analyzed for its far‐field characteristics and MIMO performance parameters. The proposed design is suitable to be used in mobile handsets for cognitive radio (CR) platforms.
Evidence for DNA Translocation by the ISWI Chromatin-Remodeling Enzyme

ABSTRACT The ISWI proteins form the catalytic core of a subset of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling activities. Here, we studied the interaction of the ISWI protein with nucleosomal substrates. We found that the ability of nucleic acids to bind and stimulate the ATPase activity of ISWI depends on length. We also found that ISWI is able to displace triplex-forming oligonucleotides efficiently when they are introduced at sites close to a nucleosome but successively less efficiently 30 to 60 bp from its edge. The ability of ISWI to direct triplex displacement was specifically impeded by the introduction of 5- or 10-bp gaps in the 3′-5′ strand between the triplex and the nucleosome. In combination, these observations suggest that ISWI is a 3′-5′-strand-specific, ATP-dependent DNA translocase that may be capable of forcing DNA over the surface of nucleosomes.
Spatial extended hazard model with application to prostate cancer survival

This article develops a Bayesian semiparametric approach to the extended hazard model, with generalization to high‐dimensional spatially grouped data. County‐level spatial correlation is accommodated marginally through the normal transformation model of Li and Lin (2006, Journal of the American Statistical Association 101, 591–603), using a correlation structure implied by an intrinsic conditionally autoregressive prior. Efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are developed, especially applicable to fitting very large, highly censored areal survival data sets. Per‐variable tests for proportional hazards, accelerated failure time, and accelerated hazards are efficiently carried out with and without spatial correlation through Bayes factors. The resulting reduced, interpretable spatial models can fit significantly better than a standard additive Cox model with spatial frailties.
Treatment of adenovirus infections in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Retrospective analysis of 303 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation identified 35 (11.5%) with adenovirus infection. Among them, 22 received specific therapy. As first-line therapy, 18 were treated with intravenous ribavirin, 3 with cidofovir, and 1 with vidarabine. Moreover, 2 received donor leukocyte infusion in combination with ribavirin, and 1 received it after failing to respond to other therapies. Seven survived (31.8%; 3 of 13 who received ribavirin alone and 2 of 3 who received cidofovir). Among the 5 patients treated with combined strategies, 2 who received donor leukocyte infusions showed clearance of all symptoms. Acute graft-versus-host disease grade > or = 3 (P = .01) and a long delay between infection and treatment (P = .05) correlated with a greater risk of treatment failure. In conclusion, ribavirin and vidarabine are ineffective options, particularly for patients at who are high risk of acquiring disseminated adenovirus disease. Conversely, cidofovir or donor leukocyte infusions seem to be encouraging approaches if initiated early.
What Are the Circumstances of Falls and Fractures in Long-Term Care?

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude prospective d’observation rend compte des circonstances qui ont conduit à des chutes des résidents dans des établissements de soins de longue durée (SLD) et les caractéristiques des résidents qui ont subi des fractures suite à une chute. Le personnel a enregistré l’emplacement de la chute, le moment de la journée, l’activité dans laquelle un participant a été engagé avant l’incident et si une blessure a été soutenue. Les statistiques descriptives ont été utilisées pour décrire les chutes, et un modèle linéaire généralisé a été utilisé pour déterminer les différences entre les circonstances. Parmi les 101 résidents SLD qui ont participé, 41 pour cent ont eu au moins une chute. Les résidents étaient beaucoup plus susceptibles d’être tombés dans la chambre et tout en marchant. Parmi les 17 chutes entraînant des fractures, la plupart se sont produites dans la chambre à coucher et la salle de bains, tôt le matin; la plupart des résidents qui ont subi des fractures étaient des femmes ayant une déficience cognitive. Pour surveiller les chutes globalement, la surveillance ambulatoire, qui évite les problèmes de confidentialité dans les chambres à coucher ou les salles de bains, peuvent être nécessaires. Les interventions devraient cibler la marche à pied ou l’organisation de la chambre. ABSTRACT This prospective, observational study characterizes the circumstances that led to falls in long-term care (LTC) residents and describes the characteristics of residents who fractured following a fall. Staff recorded the location of the fall, time of day, activity the participant was doing prior, and if an injury occurred. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the falls, and a generalized linear model was used to determine differences between the circumstances. Of the 101 LTC residents who participated, 41 per cent experienced at least one fall. Residents were significantly more likely to have fallen in the bedroom and while walking. Of the 17 falls resulting in fractures, most occurred in the bedroom and bathroom, during the early morning; most residents who fractured were female with cognitive impairment. To monitor falls comprehensively, ambulatory monitoring that avoids privacy issues in bedrooms or bathrooms may be needed. Interventions should target walking or the bedroom setting.
Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Abstract Background. The primary modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) appear to be direct mucus membrane contact with infectious droplets and through exposure to formites. Knowledge of the survival characteristics of the virus is essential for formulating appropriate infection-control measures. Methods. Survival of SARS-CoV strain GVU6109 was studied in stool and respiratory specimens. Survival of the virus on different environmental surfaces, including a laboratory request form, an impervious disposable gown, and a cotton nondisposable gown, was investigated. The virucidal effects of sodium hypochlorite, house detergent, and a peroxygen compound (Virkon S; Antec International) on the virus were also studied. Results. SARS-CoV GVU6109 can survive for 4 days in diarrheal stool samples with an alkaline pH, and it can remain infectious in respiratory specimens for >7 days at room temperature. Even at a relatively high concentration (104 tissue culture infective doses/mL), the virus could not be recovered after drying of a paper request form, and its infectivity was shown to last longer on the disposable gown than on the cotton gown. All disinfectants tested were shown to be able to reduce the virus load by >3 log within 5 min. Conclusions. Fecal and respiratory samples can remain infectious for a long period of time at room temperature. The risk of infection via contact with droplet-contaminated paper is small. Absorbent material, such as cotton, is preferred to nonabsorptive material for personal protective clothing for routine patient care where risk of large spillage is unlikely. The virus is easily inactivated by commonly used disinfectants.
Detection and prevention of possible unauthorized login attempts through stolen credentials from a phishing attack in an online banking system

With the current technological expansions customers wish to use online banking facilities due to its convenience and worldwide accessibility. The main challenge of going online for a bank is to provide sufficient security for the online customers and their accounts. The dramatic growth of the number of online banking customers has attracted cyber criminals and identity theft is a severe threat to online banking services. Phishing is a famous and easiest method to steal user credential of online customers where the sole intention is to obtain confidential information for the purpose of monetary gain. In such a situation the main purpose of this research paper is to analysis the usage of phishing attacks and the dangers it poses to customers and the bank, then to find out the available methods to detect and prevent unauthorized login attempts, the technologies and security weaknesses of those methods and finally to propose a solution to detect and prevent unauthorized login attempts using behavioral based analysis, IP and device identification technologies.
Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of pediococci

Over a 43-month period, 23 separate isolates of nonenterococcal alpha- and nonhemolytic streptococci were reported by our clinical microbiology laboratory to be resistant to vancomycin. This constituted 0.32% of nonenterococcal alpha- and nonhemolytic streptococci reported and 4.4% of such streptococci upon which susceptibility testing was performed. Of 13 isolates which were available for further study, all were highly resistant to vancomycin (MIC greater than or equal to 1,024 micrograms/ml), but none were actually streptococci. Three were clearly gram-positive rods by Gram stain and were found to be homofermentative lactobacilli. Two strains with elongated gram-positive cocci from colonies on agar showed small gram-positive rods when grown in thioglycolate broth and were physiologically identified as Lactobacillus confusus. Two isolates with lenticular gram-positive cocci appeared to be Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides. Six gram-positive isolates with round cells from growth on agar and from broth were arranged in tetrads in broth and closely resembled Pediococcus acidilactici. Twelve additional strains of pediococci that were not of human origin were also found to be highly resistant to vancomycin. These findings confirm published reports of clinical isolation of organisms resembling pediococci and suggest that clinically isolated, vancomycin-resistant bacteria which superficially resemble streptococci are probably other lactic acid bacteria.
Slotline operating within a wide frequency band: Excitation of waves by a real source

This paper presents a full wave analysis of a slotline including the excitation source. All kinds of modes are taken into account, including a bound mode, leaky modes, and a residual wave. The line is excited by the source of constant current connected across the line slot. The paper specifies more correctly or improves some of our views about wave transmission along the slotline obtained by an eigen mode analysis. This considers namely slotline applications and wide frequency bands. The theoretically predicted results are verified by experiments and by simulations in the CST Microwave Studio.
Microplastics: addressing ecological risk through lessons learned

Plastic litter is an environmental problem of great concern. Despite the magnitude of the plastic pollution in our water bodies, only limited scientific understanding is available about the risk to the environment, particularly for microplastics. The apparent magnitude of the problem calls for quickly developing sound scientific guidance on the ecological risks of microplastics. The authors suggest that future research into microplastics risks should be guided by lessons learned from the more advanced and better understood areas of (eco) toxicology of engineered nanoparticles and mixture toxicity. Relevant examples of advances in these two fields are provided to help accelerate the scientific learning curve within the relatively unexplored area of microplastics risk assessment. Finally, the authors advocate an expansion of the “vector effect” hypothesis with regard to microplastics risk to help focus research of microplastics environmental risk at different levels of biological and environmental organization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:945–953. © 2015 SETAC
Pathologic Alterations in the Diabetic Neuropathies of Humans: A Review

Pathologic study of nerve tissue is especially useful for the recognition of interstitial events such as inflammation or vascular alterations that cannot be inferred from clinical or electrophysiologic findings and may provide insight into an underlying mechanism or cause. Considerable variation in the natural history and pathologic alterations among diabetic neuropathies suggests that they are heterogeneous. For diabetic polyneuropathy, two mechanisms need to be considered. The first assumes that hyperglycemia induces metabolic derangements that directly affect Schwann cells (or myelin), nodes of Ranvier, or axons. The second assumes that hyperglycemia and metabolic derangement affect the structure and function of endoneurial microvessels, which then induce fiber changes by altering the blood-nerve barrier, inducing hypoxia or ischemia, or by unknown mechanisms. In proximal diabetic neuropathy, there is increasing evidence that the characteristic lesion is an inflammatory (immune) vasculitis that induces ischemic nerve fiber degeneration. Truncal radiculopathy may be due to an inflammatory polyganglionopathy. In cranial nerve III neuropathy, the monophasic course and the pathologic alterations of ischemia suggest that localized vasculitis should be excluded in future cases. Many upper limb mononeuropathies in diabetes mellitus are from carpal tunnel syndrome or cubital tunnel syndrome. Repetitive shear forces, anatomic factors, and excessive stiffness of connective tissues may cause mononeuropathies.
Environmental Aspect of Business Communications

In the era of globalization, environmental endangerment and degradation are global in character, so the environmental protection has become a serious problem for civilisation in general. This paper emphasises the efforts being taken by companies to follow environmental changes and position themselves as ecologically responsible through the adoption of a unified business communication policy. The research was conducted on a sample of one hundred employees of the company “AXA Insurance” in order to determine the level of their ecological awareness and pro-environmental behaviour. The findings of the survey indicate that, due to the poor preparedness of Serbian companies to meet environmental requirements and standards applicable in developed countries, environmental awareness of their employees is at a low level. Therefore, this issue should be incorporated in companies’ business communication strategies that address both, internal and external target groups.
The effect of postruminal amino acid flow on muscle cell proliferation and protein turnover.

An experiment was conducted to characterize the effects of postruminal administration of casein, glutamine, cornstarch, and water on protein turnover and in vitro muscle cell proliferation. Four MARC III steers (205 kg) were fed a protein-restricted bromegrass hay-based diet (2.86 Mcal of DE/kg and 13.6 g of N/kg). Using a 4 x 5 Latin square arrangement balanced for residual effects, casein and glutamine, equal to 50% of basal dietary nitrogen intake, cornstarch, isocaloric with casein infusion, or an equal volume of water was continuously infused into the abomasum of steers. Blood samples, collected every 2 h for 24 h after 7 d of infusion, were tested for the effect on cell cycle kinetics and myotube protein turnover. Urine and feces were also collected for 4 d after blood sampling for nitrogen balance and fractional skeletal muscle degradation. The mitogenic activity and ability of serum to influence rate of myoblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner was influenced (P < .05) by infusate: casein > cornstarch > glutamine = water. Abomasal infusion of casein and cornstarch increased (P < .05) in vitro muscle protein synthesis and decreased (P < .05) in vitro muscle protein degradation, whereas abomasal glutamine infusion only increased (P < .05) in vitro muscle protein synthesis. Abomasal glutamine infusion decreased (P < .05) fractional skeletal muscle protein degradation and synthesis; however, fractional muscle protein accretion tended to increase due to a greater decline in fractional muscle protein degradation. In contrast, abomasal casein infusion increased (P < .05) fractional skeletal muscle protein synthesis, breakdown, and accretion. These results suggest that muscle hypertrophy may be regulated by serum constituents whose activity is affected by postruminal amino acid flow.
Vertical skeletal and facial profile changes after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism.

BACKGROUND Mandibular prognathism is often corrected by surgical orthodontics. Correction of the sagittal facial profile has received wide attention. However, vertical changes remained undefined and thus, were investigated. METHODS Subjects included 18 patients with mandibular prognathism who had surgical correction (S group, mean age: 20.1 +/- 3.2 years) and 18 patients with Class I malocclusion (C group, mean age: 21.2 +/- 3.6 years). Cephalograms were taken at the initial visit (T1) for both the groups and one year after surgery (T2) for the S group and analyzed by standard protocols. The vertical differences between the S and C groups at T1 and within the S group at T1 and T2 were compared. Additionally, the C group at T1 and the S group at T2 were compared. RESULTS Comparison between groups at T1 revealed no difference in the anterior and posterior upper facial heights (58 mm and 50 mm, respectively). However, the S group exhibited a longer anterior lower facial height and a shorter posterior lower facial height. Accordingly, any vertical measurements and comparisons related to the mandible revealed significant difference between groups. Surgical correction did not change the vertical chin position. Contrarily, the posterior ramus heights were reduced (from 54 to 50 mm). The vertical measurements and comparisons for soft tissues reflected those for hard tissues. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that through surgical correction of mandibular prognathism, vertical facial heights can be maintained within normal physiological function.