Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ORPLocator: Identifying Read Points of Configuration Options via Static Analysis

Configuration options are widely used for customizing the behavior and initial settings of software applications, server processes, and operating systems. Their distinctive property is that each option is processed, defined, and described in different parts of a software project - namely in code, in configuration file, and in documentation. This creates a challenge for maintaining project consistency as it evolves. It also promotes inconsistencies leading to misconfiguration issues in production scenarios. We propose an approach for detection of inconsistencies between source code and documentation based on static analysis. Our approach automatically identifies source code locations where options are read, and for each such location retrieves the name of the option. Inconsistencies are then detected by comparing the results against the option names listed in documentation. We evaluated our approach on multiple components of Apache Hadoop, a complex framework with more than 800 options. Our tool ORPLocator was able to successfully locate at least one read point for 93% to 96% of documented options within four Hadoop components. A comparison with a previous state-of-the-art technique shows that our tool produces more accurate results. Moreover, our evaluation has uncovered 4 previously unknown, real-world inconsistencies between documented options and source code.
The Compact Central Object in Cassiopeia A: A Neutron Star with Hot Polar Caps or a Black Hole?

The central pointlike X-ray source of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant was discovered in the Chandra first light observation and found later in the archival ROSAT and Einstein images. The analysis of these data does not show statistically significant variability of the source. Because of the small number of photons detected, different spectral models can fit the observed spectrum. The power-law fit yields the photon index γ = 2.6-4.1, and luminosity L(0.1-5.0 keV) = (2-60) × 1034 ergs s-1 for d = 3.4 kpc. The power-law index is higher, and the luminosity lower, than those observed from very young pulsars. One can fit the spectrum equally well with a blackbody model with T = 6-8 MK, R = 0.2-0.5 km, and Lbol = (1.4-1.9) × 1033 ergs s-1. The inferred radii are too small, and the temperatures too high, for the radiation to be interpreted as emitted from the whole surface of a uniformly heated neutron star. Fits with the neutron star atmosphere models increase the radius and reduce the temperature, but these parameters are still substantially different from those expected for a young neutron star. One cannot exclude, however, the possibility that the observed emission originates from hot spots on a cooler neutron star surface. An upper limit on the (gravitationally redshifted) surface temperature is T < 1.9-2.3 MK, depending on the chemical composition of the surface and the star's radius. Among several possible interpretations, we favor a model of a strongly magnetized neutron star with magnetically confined hydrogen or helium polar caps (T ≈ 2.8 MK, Rpc ≈ 1 km) on a cooler iron surface (T ≈ 1.7 MK). Such temperatures are consistent with the standard models of neutron star cooling. Alternatively, the observed radiation may be interpreted as emitted by a compact object (more likely, a black hole) accreting from a residual disk or from a late-type dwarf in a close binary.
Applications of Self-Organising Multi-Agent Systems: An Initial Framework for Comparison

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Applications of Self-Organising Multi-Agent Systems: An Initial Framework for Comparison Carole Bernon, Vincent Chevrier, Vincent Hilaire, Paul Marrow
An at-speed self-testable technique for the high speed domino adder

An at-speed self-testable technique is proposed for the high speed domino adder. We apply pseudo-exhaustive testing so that all testable faults in the 64-bit adder are detected by just 23K patterns. The adder latency is accurately measured by the programmable-skew clock generated from delay-locked loop (DLL). The proposed technique is validated on a 6.4GHz 64-bit domino adder with 181ps latency in 90nm CMOS technology. This on-chip technique is very useful for at-speed testing and speed binning of high performance CPU.
Realization of Stable Biped Walking on Public Road with New Biped Foot System Adaptable to Uneven Terrain

To date, many control methods have been researched on the assumption that the soles of a biped walking robot contact the ground as four points. It is difficult for almost all biped robots to maintain four-point-contact on uneven terrain because they have rigid and flat soles. It means that the biped robots can lose their balance. To solve this kind of problem, not only stability controls but also foot mechanisms should be studied. So, we developed a foot system, WS-1 (Waseda Shoes - No.1) that can maintain four-point-contact on uneven terrain, different from conventional foot systems. However, since WS-1 has some problems, an improved foot system, WS-1R (Waseda Shoes - No.1 Refined) is developed. Through hardware experiments, the effectiveness of WS-1R is confirmed
A Lock-Free

Lock-free data structures provide a progress guarantee and are known for facilitating scalability, avoiding deadlocks and livelocks, and providing guaranteed system responsiveness. In this paper we present a design for a lock-free balanced tree, specifically, a Btree. The Btree data structure has an important practical applications, and is used in various storage-system products. As far as we know this is the first design of a lock-free, dynamic, and balanced tree, that employs standard compare-and-swap operations.
Screening and Prediction of Erosive Potential

The literature on the erosive potential of drinks and other products is summarised, and aspects of the conduct of screening tests as well as possible correlations of the erosive potential with various solution parameters are discussed. The solution parameters that have been suggested as important include pH, acid concentration (with respect to buffer capacity and concentration of undissociated acid), degree of saturation, calcium and phosphate concentrations, and inhibitors of erosion. Based on the available data, it is concluded that the dominant factor in erosion is pH. The effect of buffer capacity seems to be pH dependent. The degree of saturation probably has a non-linear relationship with erosion. While calcium at elevated concentrations is known to reduce erosion effectively, it is not known whether it is important at naturally occurring concentrations. Fluoride at naturally occurring concentrations is inversely correlated with erosive potential, but phosphate is probably not. Natural plant gums, notably pectin, do not inhibit erosion, so they are unlikely to interfere with the prediction of erosive potential. The non-linearity of some solution factors and interactions with pH need to be taken into account when developing multivariate models for predicting the erosive potential of different solutions. Finally, the erosive potential of solutions towards enamel and dentine might differ.
Lung cancer treatment in New Zealand: physician's attitudes.

AIMS To determine treatment practices of New Zealand physicians who manage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS A questionnaire on the treatment of NSCLC was emailed to all respiratory physicians, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists in New Zealand. Respondents were asked to select the treatment they would offer in six lung cancer case scenarios. RESULTS Thirty-one (81%) respiratory physicians, 15 (71%) medical oncologists, and 8 (30%) radiation oncologists responded to the questionnaire. Surgery was selected (by all groups) as the best option for early-stage disease NSCLC. Radiotherapy or combination chemo/radiotherapy (for locally advanced disease) was favoured by 37% of respiratory physicians for stage IIIa and 28% for stage IIIb--compared with medical oncologists (100% and 80%) and radiation oncologists (86% and 28%). Chemotherapy for 'fit' patients with advanced disease was favoured by only 11% of respiratory physicians, compared with 67% of medical oncologists and 33% of radiation oncologists. Best supportive care (BSC) was the favoured treatment for patients with advanced disease with poor performance patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates considerable heterogeneity in the choice of treatment for NSCLC between specialities, particularly for locally advanced and advanced disease. These findings suggest international guidelines are not being adhered to, and variations in treatment may potentially have outcome implications for patients.
Decreased dopamine D2 receptor binding in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism on the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia has been widely demonstrated. However, most in vivo imaging studies have not been able to detect significant changes in striatal D2 receptors in schizophrenia. On the other hand, a number of studies have reported abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the extrastriatal D2 receptors of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Eleven drug-naive male patients with schizophrenia were examined with positron emission tomography using carbon 11-labeled FLB 457. Symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Eighteen healthy controls were used for comparison. Region-of-interest analysis was performed using the reference tissue method, and binding potential (BP) was used for the index of dopamine D2 receptor binding. RESULTS The BP value was significantly lower, by about 12.5%, in the anterior cingulate cortex in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between BP in the anterior cingulate cortex and the positive symptom score on Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. CONCLUSIONS The lower BP values indicate fewer D2 receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with schizophrenia. Alterations in D2 receptor function in the extrastriatal region may underlie the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
A month in the life of a production news recommender system

During the last decade, recommender systems have become a ubiquitous feature in the online world. Research on systems and algorithms in this area has flourished, leading to novel techniques for personalization and recommendation. The evaluation of recommender systems, however, has not seen similar progress---techniques have changed little since the advent of recommender systems, when evaluation methodologies were "borrowed" from related research areas. As an effort to move evaluation methodology forward, this paper describes a production recommender system infrastructure that allows research systems to be evaluated in situ, by real-world metrics such as user clickthrough. We present an analysis of one month of interactions with this infrastructure and share our findings.
FES knee bending and stretching system with RISE-based tracking control for human limb

This paper considers a functional electrical stimulation (FES) knee bending and stretching system on robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE)-based tracking control for human limb. The knee bending and stretching motion on rowing exercises is modeled as an Euler Lagrange system by using a closed-chain mechanism. Considering the scleronomic holonomic constraint, the equation of motion expressed in terms of the seat position is obtained. The human thigh model can be divided into three pairs of antagonistic muscles. The torque of the thigh consists of a combination of torque produced by the Quadriceps and Hamstrings muscle groups. The Quadriceps and Hamstrings are contracted by the electrical stimulation, and the control of stimulation is designed applying a RISE-based control framework. Experiment results are shown on seven healthy individuals by using a rowing exercise machine. The results confirm that the proposed muscle stimulation method can realize the knee bending and stretching motion similar to voluntary tracking.
Events as Linked Data - Aggregation and classification of published events

The amount of valuable information shared and hosted online is increasing with an astonishing speed and the real challenge now-days is to be caught up with all that is happening near you from music festivals, concerts and operas to conferences, book launches and charity events. This is made easy by multiple social services that offer the possibility of crawling and mining data in real-time, but the true task is offering a consistent result by combining all these pieces of information. With the help of Linked Data we set as a goal to provide clear, reliable and easy accessible event related information from multiple sources in order to offer a wider view of the activities in a specific geographical area of interest. By taking advantage of the semantic web technologies, we gather, filter, categorize and store the event related information from a desired location that will finally be presented to the user in the form of a list or on a map.
Dissociable effects of hippocampus lesions on expression of fear and trace fear conditioning memories in rats

The role of the hippocampus in memory is commonly investigated by comparing fear conditioning paradigms that differ in their reliance on the hippocampus. For example, the dorsal (septal) portion of the hippocampus is involved in trace, but not delay fear conditioning, two Pavlovian paradigms in which only the relative timing of stimulus presentation is varied. However, a growing literature implicates the ventral (temporal) portion of the hippocampus in the expression of fear, irrespective of prior training. The current experiments evaluated the relative contributions of the dorsal and ventral portions of the hippocampus to trace fear conditioning specifically vs. the expression of conditioned fear in general. Lesions restricted to the dorsal hippocampus blocked acquisition of trace fear conditioning. Larger lesions, also including an adjacent portion of the ventral hippocampus, were required to impair retrieval of trace fear conditioning. Delay fear conditioning was not disrupted in either case. In contrast, lesions that encompassed almost the entire dorsal and ventral hippocampus disrupted expression of both trace and delay fear conditioning. The current data suggest distinct roles in fear conditioning for three regions of the hippocampus: the septal zone is required for acquisition of trace fear conditioning, a larger portion of the hippocampus is critical for memory retrieval, and a region including the temporal zone is required for expression of both trace and delay fear conditioning. These findings are consistent with evidence suggesting the neuroanatomical and functional segregation of the hippocampus into three zones along its septal–temporal axis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probability of Target Attainment for Ceftobiprole as Derived from a Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of 150 Subjects

ABSTRACT Ceftobiprole is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) that is undergoing phase III trials for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections and nosocomial pneumonia. The objectives were to describe the pharmacodynamic profiles of ceftobiprole given at 500 mg intravenously (i.v.) every 8 h (q8h) (2-h infusion) and 500 mg i.v. every 12 h (q12h) (1-h infusion) to determine the overall probability of target attainment (PTA) by weighting for the expected distributions of renal function in the populations of interests, to determine the PTA against representative pathogens encountered in clinical trials, and to determine the optimal renal dose adjustment for ceftobiprole at 500 mg i.v. q8h (2-h infusion). Data for a total of 150 subjects in phase I/II trials were analyzed by using the population pharmacokinetic modeling program BigNPOD (nonparametric optimal design). Monte Carlo simulation was performed with the ADAPT II program to estimate the PTA at which the free drug concentrations exceed the MIC for 30 to 60% of the dosing interval (30 to 60% fT > MIC). For ceftobiprole at 500 mg i.v. q12h, the probabilities of achieving 30% and 50% fT > MIC exceeded 90% for MICs ≤2 mg/liter and ≤1 mg/liter, respectively, For ceftobiprole at 500 mg i.v. q8h, the probabilities of achieving 40 and 60% fT > MIC exceeded 90% for MICs ≤4 mg/liter and ≤2 mg/liter, respectively. For ceftobiprole at both 500 mg i.v. q12h and 500 mg i.v. q8h, the probability of achieving a nearly bactericidal effect (50% fT > MIC) exceeded 90% for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and MRSA. For gram-negative pathogens, the PTA for achieving a nearly maximal bactericidal effect (60% fT > MIC) for ceftobiprole at 500 mg i.v. q8h exceeded 90% for non-AmpC-producing gram-negative organisms. Ceftobiprole at 500 mg i.v. q12h, for patients who had a creatinine clearance rate of ≤50 ml/min, was identified as the most appropriate treatment regimen for patients who require renal dose adjustment for mild to moderate renal impairment.
Ising universality in three dimensions: a Monte Carlo study

We investigate three Ising models on the simple cubic lattice by means of Monte Carlo methods and finite-size scaling. These models are the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest-neighbour interactions, a spin-1/2 model with nearest-neighbour and third-neighbour interactions, and a spin-1 model with nearest-neighbour interactions. The results are in accurate agreement with the hypothesis of universality. Analysis of the finite-size scaling behaviour reveals corrections beyond those caused by the leading irrelevant scaling field. We find that the correction-to-scaling amplitudes are strongly dependent on the introduction of further-neighbour interactions or a third spin state. In a spin-1 Ising model, these corrections appear to be very small. This is very helpful for the determination of the universal constants of the Ising model. The renormalization exponents of the Ising model are determined as yt=1.587 (2), yh=2.4815 (15) and yi=-0.82 (6). The universal ratio Q=(m2)2/(m4) is equal to 0.6233 (4) for periodic systems with cubic symmetry. The critical point of the nearest-neighbour spin-1/2 model is Kc=0.2216546 (10).
Segmentation of Eye Fundus Images by density clustering in diabetic retinopathy

Early diagnosis is crucial in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), to avoid further complications. The disease can be classified into one of two stages (an early stage of non-proliferative and a later stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy), diagnosed based on existence and quantity of a characteristic set of lesions, such as micro-aneurysms, hemorrhages or exudates, in Eye Fundus Images (EFI). It is therefore important to segment adequately regions of potential lesions, to highlight and classify the lesions and the degree of DR. Density clustering methods are promising candidates to isolate individual lesions, and should be used together with effective techniques for vascular tree removal, feature extraction and classification. In this work we report on our approach, results, tradeoffs and conclusions for segmenting and detecting individual lesions.
Bayesian Analysis of Power Transformer Failure Rate Based on Condition Monitoring Information

In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach for estimating the failure rate of power transformers. The key feature of our approach is that now we are able to use, in a formal manner, the condition monitoring information in failure rate estimation as well as maintenance optimization for power transformers. This is accomplished by using likelihood function which is constructed based on available condition monitoring information to update the assumed probabilistic model of transformer failure rate. We illustrate our approach via some real transformer condition data.
Mortgage supply, LTV and risk pricing

This paper focuses on mortgage supply and its contribution to the loan-to-value (LTV)-ratio. The paper starts by finding the optimal LTV-ratio for a profit-maximising mortgagee that supply mortgages using housing as collateral. As the LTV-ratio represents the mortgagee's risk exposure, the optimal LTV-ratio is one where the mortgagee is paid for its actual risk exposure. Thinking in terms of social welfare, the profit-maximising LTV-ratio is also optimal for society in our supply side framework. When including additional characteristics from the supply side of the mortgage market, the paper shows how the profit-maximising LTV-ratio varies according to moral hazard, risk pricing, funding structures, lending volumes and collateral values. The supply side characteristics create a wedge between the profit-maximising LTV-ratio and the LTV-ratio optimal for society. The model helps understand the role of mortgage supply in the period preceding the financial crisis, where LTV-ratios increased considerably. Consequently, it also allows for straightforward arguments regarding macro-prudential policy. Highlighting risk exposure, the paper continues by analysing the risk pricing response to falling house prices and an LTV-ratio that exceeds the LTV-ratio at origination. The paper finds a kinked-relation between the mortgage rate and the LTV-ratio ex post, separating risk pricing ex ante and ex post.
Bundling and pricing for information brokerage: customer satisfaction as a means to profit optimization

Traditionally, the study of online dynamic pricing and bundling strategies for information goods is motivated by the value-extracting or profit-generating potential of these strategies. Here we discuss the relatively overlooked potential of these strategies to online learn more about customer's preferences. Based on this enhanced customer knowledge an information broker can - by tailoring the brokerage services more to the demand of the various customer groups - persuade customers to engage in repeated transactions (i.e., generate customer lock-in). To illustrate the discussion, we show by means of a basic consumer model how, with the use of online dynamic bundling and pricing algorithms, customer lock-in can occur. The lock-in occurs because the algorithms can both find appropriate prices and (from the customer's perspective) the most interesting bundles. In the conducted computer experiments we use an advanced genetic algorithm with a niching method to learn the most interesting bundles efficiently and effectively, brokerage; recommender systems.
Systematic review of the negative pressure wound therapy in kidney transplant recipients

AIM To review negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as an important addition to the conventional methods of wound management. METHODS A systematic review, performed by searching the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases, showed 11 case reports comprising a total of 22 kidney transplantation (KT) patients (range, 1 to 9), who were treated with NPWT. Application of NPWT was associated with successful healing of wounds, leg ulcer, lymphocele and urine leak from ileal conduit. RESULTS No complications related to NPWT were reported. However, there was paucity of robust data on the effectiveness of NPWT in KT recipients; therefore, prospective studies assessing its safety and efficacy of NPWT and randomised trials comparing the effectiveness of NPWT with alternative modalities of wound management in KT recipients is recommended. CONCLUSION Negative pressure incision management system, NPWT with instillation and endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure system are in investigational stage.