Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors, Report 14, 1950–2003: An Overview of Cancer and Noncancer Diseases

This is the 14th report in a series of periodic general reports on mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation to investigate the late health effects of the radiation from the atomic bombs. During the period 1950–2003, 58% of the 86,611 LSS cohort members with DS02 dose estimates have died. The 6 years of additional follow-up since the previous report provide substantially more information at longer periods after radiation exposure (17% more cancer deaths), especially among those under age 10 at exposure (58% more deaths). Poisson regression methods were used to investigate the magnitude of the radiation-associated risks, the shape of the dose response, and effect modification by gender, age at exposure, and attained age. The risk of all causes of death was positively associated with radiation dose. Importantly, for solid cancers the additive radiation risk (i.e., excess cancer cases per 104 person-years per Gy) continues to increase throughout life with a linear dose–response relationship. The sex-averaged excess relative risk per Gy was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32, 0.53] for all solid cancer at age 70 years after exposure at age 30 based on a linear model. The risk increased by about 29% per decade decrease in age at exposure (95% CI: 17%, 41%). The estimated lowest dose range with a significant ERR for all solid cancer was 0 to 0.20 Gy, and a formal dose-threshold analysis indicated no threshold; i.e., zero dose was the best estimate of the threshold. The risk of cancer mortality increased significantly for most major sites, including stomach, lung, liver, colon, breast, gallbladder, esophagus, bladder and ovary, whereas rectum, pancreas, uterus, prostate and kidney parenchyma did not have significantly increased risks. An increased risk of non-neoplastic diseases including the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems was observed, but whether these are causal relationships requires further investigation. There was no evidence of a radiation effect for infectious or external causes of death.
Benefits of aspirin and beta-blockade after myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND There have been no randomized trials of cardioprotective therapy after acute myocardial infarction in patients with chronic kidney disease who should be largely eligible for aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) and beta-blockers (BB) as a base of therapy. METHODS We analyzed a prospective coronary care unit registry of 1724 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. RESULTS Usage rates were 52.3%, 19.0%, 15.2%, and 13.5% for ASA and BB (ASA+BB), BB alone, ASA alone, and no ASA or BB therapy. Patients who received ASA+BB were more likely to be male, free of earlier cardiac disease, and recipients of thrombolysis. Conversely, the absence of ASA+BB was observed in patients with heart failure on admission, left bundle branch block, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, and shock. The combination of ASA+BB was used in 63.9%, 55.8%, 48.2%, and 35.5% of patients with corrected creatinine clearance values of >81.5, 81.5 to 63.1, 63.1 to 46.2, and <46.2 mL/min/72 kg (P <.0001). ASA+BB was used in 40.4% of patients undergoing dialysis. The age-adjusted relative risk reduction for the inhospital mortality rate was similar among all renal groups and ranged from 64.3% to 80.0% (all P <.0001). CONCLUSION ASA+BB is an underused therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction who have underlying kidney disease.
T-Maze: a tangible programming tool for children

This paper presents a tangible programming tool 'T-Maze' for children aged 5 to 9. Children could use T-Maze to create their own maze maps and complete some maze escaping tasks by the tangible programming blocks and sensors. T-Maze uses a camera to, in real-time, catch the programming sequence of the wooden blocks' arrangement, which will be used to analyze the semantic correctness and enable the children to receive feedbacks immediately. And children could join in the game by controlling the sensors during program's running. A user study shows that T-Maze is an interesting programming approach for children and easy to learn and use.
Personality disorder

Personality disorder is viewed as different from mental illness because it is more persistent throughout adult life, whereas mental illness results from a morbid process of some kind and has a more recognisable onset and time course. A cohort study found good rates of remission in people with borderline personality disorder (78-99% at 16 year follow-up), but remission took longer to occur than in people with other personality disorders and recurrence was more common. Evidence from two randomised controlled trials also suggests that most people with this disorder will show persistent impairment of social functioning even after specialist treatment. 6
Optimal Solvent Design for CO2 Capture Process

Development of alternative CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) have become important for sustainable and environmental reasons. Various promising solvents are used to capture CO2 such as MEA, DEA, potassium carbonate and recently co-blending of solvents. However, the major drawbacks of using these solvents are degenerative issue, energy intensive for regeneration process and environmental impact. Traditionally, designing a solvent for carbon capture involves a trial and error approach where potential candidates are subjected to laboratory testing. However, this process is time-consuming and often has no guarantee that the tested solvent properties adhere to the desired property range. Hence, a systematic framework for optimal solvent design for CO2 capture is discussed in this paper. The solvent design problem has been formulated using model-based approach to meet specified target properties such as density, solubility, viscosity, vapour pressure, CO2 absorption capacity and thermal stability. The number of blend solvent was then systematically ranked according to a desired process performance, cost and environmental friendliness.
Covariate Conscious Approach for Gait Recognition Based Upon Zernike Moment Invariants

Gait recognition, i.e., identification of an individual from his/her walking pattern is an emerging field. While existing gait recognition techniques perform satisfactorily in normal walking conditions, their performance tend to suffer drastically with variations in clothing and carrying conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel covariate cognizant framework to deal with the presence of such covariates. We describe gait motion by forming a single 2-D spatio-temporal template from video sequence, called average energy silhouette image (AESI). Zernike moment invariants are then computed to screen the parts of AESI infected with covariates. Following this, features are extracted from spatial distribution of oriented gradients and novel mean of directional pixels methods. The obtained features are fused together to form the final well-endowed feature set. Experimental evaluation of the proposed framework on three publicly available datasets, i.e., CASIA Dataset B, OU-ISIR Treadmill Dataset B, and USF Human-ID challenge dataset with recently published gait recognition approaches, prove its superior performance.
Hyperspectral image classification using Support Vector Machine

Classification of land cover hyperspectral images is a very challenging task due to the unfavourable ratio between the number of spectral bands and the number of training samples. The focus in many applications is to investigate an effective classifier in terms of accuracy. The conventional multiclass classifiers have the ability to map the class of interest but the considerable efforts and large training sets are required to fully describe the classes spectrally. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is suggested in this paper to deal with the multiclass problem of hyperspectral imagery. The attraction to this method is that it locates the optimal hyper plane between the class of interest and the rest of the classes to separate them in a new high-dimensional feature space by taking into account only the training samples that lie on the edge of the class distributions known as support vectors and the use of the kernel functions made the classifier more flexible by making it robust against the outliers. A comparative study has undertaken to find an effective classifier by comparing Support Vector Machine (SVM) to the other two well known classifiers i.e. Maximum likelihood (ML) and Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). At first, the Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) was applied to extract the best possible features form the hyperspectral imagery and then the resulting subset of the features was applied to the classifiers. Experimental results illustrate that the integration of MNF and SVM technique significantly reduced the classification complexity and improves the classification accuracy.
Useful cycles in probabilistic roadmap graphs

Over the last decade, the probabilistic road map method (PRM) has become one of the dominant motion planning techniques. Due to its random nature, the resulting paths tend to be much longer than the optimal path despite the development of numerous smoothing techniques. Also, the path length varies a lot every time the algorithm is executed. We present a new technique that results in higher quality (shorter) paths with much less variation between the executions. The technique is based on adding useful cycles to the roadmap graph.
Future Ocean Scatterometry: On the Use of Cross-Polar Scattering to Observe Very High Winds

This paper investigates the potential of cross polarization (VH) to extend the upper dynamic range of the wind measurements from ocean scatterometry. An analytical model for the VH polar scattering of the microwave radiation from ocean is proposed. The model combines the second-order small-slope approximation theory with the vector radiative transfer theory to obtain a statistical expression of the ocean scattering in presence of foam. Cross-polarized backscatter signals from RADARSAT-2 C-band synthetic aperture radar imagery, which were acquired during severe weather events, and collocated/time-coincident stepped-frequency microwave radiometer wind measurements by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's hurricane-hunter aircraft are used to verify the model. The validity of the model has been also proven against European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts forecasted winds. The results suggest that the present scattering model can be a valuable tool for understanding VH at very high wind speeds and for interpreting the data collected by the future dual polarimetric wind scatterometer (SCA), which will be flown on the Second Generation Meteorological Operational satellite program (MetOp-SG) as an evolution of the Advanced Scatterometer instrument on board MetOp.
THE SURVIVAL OF LEPTOSPIRA (SPIROCHÆTA) ICTEROHÆMORRHAGIÆ IN NATURE; OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING MICROCHEMICAL REACTIONS AND INTERMEDIARY HOSTS

1. Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ is unable to grow in the urine, either with or without the addition of suitable culture ingredients, the acidity of the urine being detrimental to the growth. It survives less than 24 hours, unless the urine is neutralized or slightly alkalized, when the period of survival is somewhat longer. If suitable nutrient ingredients are added to the neutralized or slightly alkalized urine, the organism is able to grow for about 10 days, after which multiplication ceases. 2. Feces from normal or jaundiced persons destroy Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ within 24 hours when a rich culture is added and the mixture allowed to stand at 26°C. The addition of blood serum and corpuscles does not prevent the destruction of the organism. Autoclaved specimens and filtrates of unheated feces do not constitute a suitable medium in which to keep the organism alive for any length of time, but the addition of blood corpuscles and serum in adequate quantities renders them fairly satisfactory as media. Under natural conditions Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ cast off in the feces cannot survive more than 24 hours. 3. Polluted water, sewage, and soil will not serve to keep Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ alive for more than 3 days at the most. When deprived by filtration or autoclaving of their bacteria they become indifferent diluents and may be used to make up a culture medium when mixed with serum and citrate plasma of a suitable animal. Sterilized soil with a neutral reaction, when added to a culture, has an unfavorable effect upon the growth of the organism. 4. Most of the aerobic bacteria found in feces, sewage, soil, and tap water inhibit the growth of Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ when inoculated into the same medium. Bacillus fæcalis alkaligenes and many strains of non-hemolytic streptococci caused the least interference, although growth was never so vigorous or lasting in the media in which they were present as in the control media. Certain pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus typhosus, Bacillus paratyphosus, Bacillus dysenteriæ, pneumococcus) are antagonistic to the growth of the spirochete. 5. Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ is highly sensitive to the destructive action of bile, bile salts, and sodium oleate, but resists the action of saponin. In this last respect it differs from many so called spirochetes. The destructive action of these agents is counteracted by blood serum. 6. The larvae and adults of the Culex mosquito, the larvæ of the house-fly and bluebottle fly, wood ticks (Dermacentor andersoni), and leeches failed to become carriers of the spirochetes when fed on infected guinea pigs or their organs; that is, they cannot play the part of an intermediary host of Leptospira icterohæmorrhagiæ.
Conformal Prediction for Automatic Face Recognition

Automatic Face Recognition (AFR) has been the subject of many research studies in the past two decades and has a wide range of applications. The provision of some kind of indication of the likelihood of a recognition being correct is a desirable property of AFR techniques in many applications, such as for the detection of wanted persons or for performing post-processing in automatic annotation of photographs. This paper investigates the use of the Conformal Prediction (CP) framework for providing reliable confidence information for AFR. In particular we combine CP with two classifiers based on calculating similarities between images using Scale Invariant Feature Transformation (SIFT) features. We examine and compare the performance of several nonconformity measures for the particular task in terms of their accuracy and informational efficiency.
The Influence of Flow and Bed Slope on Gas Transfer in Steep Streams and Their Implications for Evasion of CO2

The evasion of greenhouse gases (including CO2, CH4, and N2O) from streams and rivers to the atmosphere is an important process in global biogeochemical cycles, but our understanding of gas transfer in steep (>10%) streams, and under varying flows, is limited. We investigated gas transfer using combined tracer injections of SF6 and salt. We used a novel experimental design in which we compared four very steep (18.4–29.4%) and four moderately steep (3.7–7.6%) streams and conducted tests in each stream under low flow conditions and during a high‐discharge event. Most dissolved gas evaded over short distances (~100 and ~200–400 m, respectively), so accurate estimates of evasion fluxes will require sampling of dissolved gases at these scales to account for local sources. We calculated CO2 gas transfer coefficients (KCO2) and found statistically significant differences between larger KCO2 values for steeper (mean 0.465 min−1) streams compared to those with shallower slopes (mean 0.109 min−1). Variations in flow had an even greater influence. KCO2 was substantially larger under high (mean 0.497 min−1) compared to low flow conditions (mean 0.077 min−1). We developed a statistical model to predict KCO2 using values of streambed slope × discharge which accounted for 94% of the variation. We show that two models using slope and velocity developed by Raymond et al. (2012) for streams and rivers with shallower slopes also provide reasonable estimates of our CO2 gas transfer velocities (kCO2; m d−1). We developed a robust field protocol which could be applied in future studies.
Experimental analysis of amblyopia and strabismus.

In the past few years physiological experiments have brought us a little closer to an understanding of some forms of developmental amblyopia-deficits of visual acuity of central, not retinal, origin, which are not correctable by optical means. While amblyopia has become a catch-all term that covers the symptoms of a multitude of disorders, there are certain stereotyped experimental procedures that invariably lead to gross disturbances in the visual system. In this paper we shall describe a few of these experiments and attempt to relate them to some of the clinical origins of amblyopia in man. The cat has been the subject of a great deal of research on the development of the visual system, though it is clear that most of the observations, with some minor differences, also apply to monkeys (see von Noorden, 1974). By extrapolation, the situation is probably similar in man. Cats, monkeys, and man are all highly binocular animals. They have roughly the same amount of binocular overlap of the two visual fields, and their eyes are extremely mobile, showing disjunctive as well as conjugate movements. There is now behavioural evidence that both cats (Fox and Blake, 197i) and monkeys (Bough, I970) normally have stereoscopic vision, being able to discriminate the relative distances of objects solely on the basis of the retinal disparity of their images. Indeed, from neurophysiological experiments there is now a fair understanding of the actual neural mechanism of stereopsis.
Leukocyte Count Restoration Under Dabrafenib Treatment in a Melanoma Patient With Vemurafenib-Induced Leukopenia

AbstractRecent advances in melanoma therapy have influenced the management of metastatic patients. Inhibitors of the BRAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade have been proven highly effective in the metastatic disease although displaying different side effects.Here, we report a patient with BRAF V600E-mutated stage IV melanoma who developed a severe leukopenia upon targeted therapy with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. Interestingly, the immediate therapeutic switch to a different BRAF inhibitor ‘dabrafenib[Combining Acute Accent] had no negative influence on the leukocyte count.This case supports recent studies, which showed a differential influence of different BRAF inhibitors on patients’ leukocytes despite similar clinical efficacy in melanoma.
Selective MT2 melatonin receptor antagonists block melatonin‐mediated phase advances of circadian rhythms

This study demonstrates the involvement of the MT2 (Mel1b) melatonin receptor in mediating phase advances of circadian activity rhythms by melatonin. In situ hybridization histochemistry with digoxigenin‐labeled oligonucleotide probes revealed for the first time the expression of mt1 and MT2 melatonin receptor mRNA within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the C3H/HeN mouse. Melatonin (0.9 to 30 μg/mouse, s.c.) administration during 3 days at the end of the subjective day (CT 10) to C3H/HeN mice kept in constant dark phase advanced circadian rhythms of wheel running activity in a dose‐dependent manner [EC50 = 0.72 μg/mouse; 0.98 ± 0.08 h (n = 15) maximal advance at 9 μg/mouse]. Neither the selective MT2 melatonin receptor antagonists 4P‐ADOT and 4P‐PDOT (90 μ/mouse, s.c.) nor luzindole (300 μg/mouse, s.c.), which shows 25‐fold higher affinity for the MT2 than the mt1 subtype, affected the phase of circadian activity rhythms when given alone at CT 10. All three antagonists, however, shifted to the right the dose‐response curve to melatonin, as they significantly reduced the phase shifting effects of 0.9 and 3 mg melatonin. This is the first study to demonstrate that melatonin phase advances circadian rhythms by activation of a membrane‐bound melatonin receptor and strongly suggests that this effect is mediated through the MT2 melatonin receptor subtype within the circadian timing system. We conclude that the MT2 melatonin receptor subtype is a novel therapeutic target for the development of subtype‐selective analogs for the treatment of circadian sleep and mood‐related disorders. —Dubocovich, M. L. , Yun, K. , Al‐Ghoul, W. M. , Benloucif, S. , Masana, M. I. Selective MT2 melatonin receptor antagonists block melatonin‐mediated phase advances of circadian rhythms. FASEB J. 12, 1211–1220 (1998)
Formation and Dynamics of a Long-Lived Eddy Train in the South China Sea: A Modeling Study

AbstractA process-oriented numerical modeling study was conducted to investigate the formation and underlying forcing of an anticyclonic eddy train observed in the northern South China Sea. Observations showed that long-lived anticyclonic eddies formed an eddy train along an eastward separated jet across the northern South China Sea in summer. The eddy train plays a critical role in regulating ocean circulation in the region. Forced by the southwesterly monsoon and prevailing dipole wind stress curl in the summer, the northward coastal jet separates from the west boundary of the South China Sea basin and overshoots northeastward into the basin. The anticyclonic recirculation of the separated jet forms the first anticyclonic eddy in the eddy train. The jet meanders downstream with a strong negative shear vorticity that forms a second and a third anticyclonic eddy along the jet’s path. These three eddies form the eddy train. These eddies weaken gradually with depth from surface, but they can extend to appro.
A review of reporting systems and terminology for urine cytology

Urine cytology continues to play an important role in the diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinoma, a common cancer of adults with significant morbidity and mortality. Because of its high sensitivity for high‐grade urothelial tumors, including lesions that may be cystoscopically occult, urine cytology nicely compliments cystoscopic examination, a method that detects most low‐grade tumors. Over the decades, several reporting schemes for urine cytology have been published in the literature, each of which has relative strengths and weaknesses. Unlike cervical cytology, there has not been widespread acceptance and use of any particular reporting scheme for urine cytology studies. Thus, terminology and criteria for urine cytology reporting are not uniform among pathologists, which can frustrate clinicians and hinders interlaboratory comparisons. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:9–14 © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Synonymous Entity Recognition Based on Feature Fusion

It is necessary to unify data from different sources in Web information fusion as the same entity has different expressions in the real world. People usually use the information obtained from the search engine to make decisions in daily life. The idea of decision-making by means of search engines' information is used for synonymous entity recognition. In this paper, we propose a method of synonymous entity recognition based on feature fusion, which used multiplicative information fusion technique to fuse multi-results of synonymous entity recognition. In order to utilize the information obtained from the search engine, we combine entity name and other entity features as query words and design a new similarity function VarSim to measure entities' similarity. The F-score of algorithm on the basis of feature fusion on the two datasets are 13.42% and 1.81% higher than that of the recognition method on the basis of the entity name, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the synonymous entity recognition approach using feature fusion.