Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunogenic molecules associated with gut bacterial cell walls: chemical structures, immune-modulating functions, and mechanisms

Abstract Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
Evaluation of effectiveness and improvement factors of occupational health and safety management system in the Republic of Korea Navy based on AHP-entropy and IPA

The Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN) has applied Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS), but the effectiveness of OHSMS is being questioned due to continuous industrial accidents that continue to occur. Although OHSMS, which has been generally applied in enterprises, has more potential for improper implementation in the military, there are few studies on OHSMS in the military. Therefore, this study verified the effectiveness of OHSMS in the ROKN and derived improvement factors. This study was conducted in a two-step process. First, we surveyed 629 workers at the ROKN workplaces to confirm the effectiveness of OHSMS by comparing occupational health and safety (OHS) efforts according to whether OHSMS was applied and the period of application. Second, 29 naval OHSMS experts evaluated the factors for improving OHSMS using two decision-making tools: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-entropy and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). The study results indicate that the OHS efforts of OHSMS-applied workplaces were similar to that of unapplied. Also, no better OHS efforts were identified in workplaces with more extended OHSMS application periods. There were five improvement factors of OHSMS applied to the ROKN workplaces, with the highest weight in the following order: consultation and participation of workers; resources; competence; hazard identification and risk assessment; and organizational roles, responsibilities, and authorities. The effectiveness of OHSMS in the ROKN was insufficient. Therefore, the ROKN needs focused improvement efforts on the five requirements to implement OHSMS practically. These results can be helpful information for the ROKN to apply OHSMS more effectively for industrial safety.
EVOLUTION OF THE STARS

Modern theories on the evolution of stars are extended to the phases of helium burning, carbon burning, and later burnings as far as possible, and the theoretical results are compared wth the Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams of star clusters. The topics discussed include nuclear generation and energy loss by neutrinos, quasi-static equilibrium, envelope,core, and surface solutions, stellar models with homogeneous chemical composition, hydrogen burning phase, helium burning phase, advanced phases of nuclear burning, iinal phase toward white dwarfs, and pre-mainsequence contricting phase. (C.E.S.)
Traveling wave solutions of 7 th order Kaup Kuperschmidt and Lax equations of fractional-order

A B S T R A C T In this paper, we develop a new scheme (U´/U)-expansion method to construct generalized solitary wave solutions of nonlinear 7 th order Kaup Kuperschmidt and Lax equations of fractional-order. The proposed scheme constructs the solitary wave solutions of nonlinear equations efficiently. The method appears to be easier and more convenient by means of a symbolic computation system.
Follicular fluid exosomes regulate OVGP1 secretion in yak oviduct epithelial cells via autophagy in vitro

After mammalian ovulation, oocytes enter the oviduct, causing oocyte and oviduct changes. Some studies have shown that follicular fluid exosomes (FEVs) play an important role in this regulatory process, but the specific mechanism is remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of FEVs on autophagy and on the synthesis and secretion of oviductal glycoprotein 1 (OVGP1) in yak oviduct epithelial cells (OECs). We added FEVs to yak OECs and collected samples at intervals. The effect of autophagy on OVGP1 synthesis and secretion was detected by manipulating the level of autophagy in OECs. The results showed that autophagy gradually increased as early as 6 h after exosome intake level increased, and the increase was most obvious 24 h after. At that time, the synthesis and secretion of OVGP1 also reached its highest levels. When the autophagy level of OECs is changed through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, OVGP1 synthesis and secretion levels also change, along with the OVGP1 levels in oviduct exosomes also change. More importantly, the addition of FEVs treatment while using 3‐MA to inhibit the autophagy level in yak OECs did not change the synthesis and secretion level of OVGP1. Our results indicate that FEVs can affect the synthesis and secretion of OVGP1 by regulating the level of autophagy in OECs, and that the completion of this process may depend on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, indicating that exosomes and autophagy play important roles in the reproductive physiology of yak OECs. Our results provide new ideas in to characterizing the role of exosomes in yak reproduction.
Two-dimensional quasilinear beam–plasma instability in inhomogeneous media

Beam–plasma instability of inhomogeneous media is an important problem associated with practical applications in space and laboratory plasmas. Previous investigations of the spatially inhomogeneous beam–plasma instability problem assumed one-dimensional velocity and wave number space. This paper extends the available theory to two-dimensional velocity and wave number space. A fully self-consistent set of quasilinear particle and wave kinetic equations is solved for two-dimensional velocity and wave number space in both time and one-dimensional spatial inhomogeneity scale length. The analytical equations include induced and spontaneous emission processes, as well as convective and dispersive effects.
Lost expression of AT‐rich interaction domain 1A in the gastric mucosa—A constituent of field cancerization in the stomach

Abnormalities of the AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) occur in cancer tissues and precursors or premalignant lesions in various organs. To investigate the significance of ARID1A abnormalities in the early phase of cancer development in the stomach, we screened for ARID1A loss and p53 overexpression in glands in non‐neoplastic gastric mucosa using immunohistochemistry. We tested 230 tissue blocks of 77 patients with gastric carcinoma, and in 10% of non‐neoplastic mucosa we detected ARID1A‐lost and in 3.7% p53‐overexpressed foci. Loss of ARID1A expression occurred in the scales of several glands, which were morphologically characterized as authentic, pseudo‐pyloric, or intestinal metaplastic glands devoid of dysplastic changes. In contrast, p53‐overexpressed foci were detected in dysplastic intestinal metaplasia. In early gastric cancer cases (n = 46), ARID1A‐lost foci were frequent in samples of patients with Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma (p = 0.037). Ultra‐deep DNA sequencing of ARID1A‐lost foci revealed frameshift and nonsense mutations in ARID1A. Mapping abnormal glands in the entire resected stomach of the three selected patients demonstrated that ARID1A‐lost foci clustered with p53 abnormal glands. ARID1A‐lost epithelial cells may develop clonal growth through the pathway, different from p53‐abnormal intestinal metaplasia, and require one or more events to develop into an overt carcinoma, such as EBV infection.
How firms cope with social crisis: The mediating role of digital transformation as a strategic response to the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the strategic responses of Chinese firms on digital transformation and led to a call for enhancing competitive advantage via accelerating digital transformation. Besides the physical health issue, the pandemic has triggered an extraordinary social and economic crisis in which service industries have been attacked hard. In this situation, firms are meeting increasing competitive pressure, which urges them to achieve better performance with the help of digital transformation. Based on the technology-organization-environment framework and dynamic capabilities theory, this research proposed two studies with two methods, including a structural equation model and a regression discontinuity design with a fixed-effect model. The findings suggest digital transformation mediates the relationship between competitive pressure and firm performance among Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises and large firms after the outbreak of COVID-19, respectively. It confirms that digital transformation is a practical strategic decision for Chinese service firms to respond to increasing competitive pressure in the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the results also illustrate the moderating effects of absorptive, innovative, and adaptive capability on the relationship between digital transformation and firm performance among large firms.
Update on Pharmacological Treatment for Comorbid Major Depressive and Alcohol Use Disorders: The Role of Extended-release Trazodone

Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) are major public health concerns because of their high prevalence and clinical and functional severity. MDD and AUD commonly co-occur, but effective therapeutic approaches for comorbidity are still scarce. Available evidence on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants held mixed results, and further pharmacological categories have been less investigated. Trazodone is an approved antidepressant drug for adults and has shown efficacy on symptoms like anxiety and insomnia observed in AUD patients as well. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of extended-release trazodone on clinical and functional features in MDD + AUD subjects. Methods One hundred MDD + AUD outpatients were retrospectively evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment with extended-release trazodone (150-300 mg/day, flexibly dosed). Improvement in depressive symptoms was the primary outcome measure. Changes in anxiety, sleep, functioning, quality of life, clinical global severity, and alcohol craving were also investigated. Results Trazodone reduced depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) with 54.5% remission at the endpoint. Similar improvements were observed in all secondary outcomes, including anxiety, sleep alterations, and craving (p < 0.001). Only mild side effects were reported and disappeared over time. Conclusion Extended-release trazodone displayed good antidepressant properties in MDD + AUD patients, ameliorating overall symptomatology, functioning, and quality of life, with a good safety/ tolerability profile. Further, it significantly improved sleep disturbances and craving symptoms, which are associated with drinking relapse and worse outcomes. Therefore, trazodone might represent a promising pharmacological option for MDD + AUD patients.
The magnitude and pace of photosynthetic recovery after wildfire in California ecosystems

Significance Forests’ capacity to absorb atmospheric CO2 through vegetation growth (carbon uptake) depends in part on how long it has been since, and the severity of, wildfire. Increases in fire area and severity, as observed in California recently, could change both CO2 released into the atmosphere and the cumulative forest carbon uptake. We combine ground measurements and satellite observations to understand how fire has changed carbon uptake across California over the past century. We find that the recent increase in fire area and severity has reduced carbon uptake, compared to unburned and overstocked controls. Active management that enhances ecosystem resilience and decreases future fire severity may accelerate the recovery of carbon uptake following fire.
Sorbitol reduction via govorestat ameliorates synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in sorbitol dehydrogenase deficiency

Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SORD) deficiency has been identified as the most frequent autosomal recessive form of hereditary neuropathy. Loss of SORD causes high sorbitol levels in tissues due to the inability to convert sorbitol to fructose in the 2-step polyol pathway, leading to degenerative neuropathy. The underlying mechanisms of sorbitol-induced degeneration have not been fully elucidated, and no current FDA-approved therapeutic options are available to reduce sorbitol levels in the nervous system. Here, in a Drosophila model of SORD deficiency, we showed synaptic degeneration in the brain, neurotransmission defect, locomotor impairment, and structural abnormalities in the neuromuscular junctions. In addition, we found reduced ATP production in the brain and ROS accumulation in the CNS and muscle, indicating mitochondrial dysfunction. Applied Therapeutics has developed a CNS-penetrant next-generation aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), AT-007 (govorestat), which inhibits the conversion of glucose to sorbitol. AT-007 significantly reduced sorbitol levels in patient-derived fibroblasts, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived (iPSC-derived) motor neurons, and Drosophila brains. AT-007 feeding in Sord-deficient Drosophila mitigated synaptic degeneration and significantly improved synaptic transduction, locomotor activity, and mitochondrial function. Moreover, AT-007 treatment significantly reduced ROS accumulation in Drosophila CNS, muscle, and patient-derived fibroblasts. These findings uncover the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of SORD neuropathy and provide a potential treatment strategy for patients with SORD deficiency.
Analysis of position-dependent Compton scatter in scintimammography with mild compression

During the past several years, we have been developing a breast scanning system that combines digital X-ray mammography with breast scintigraphy using a dedicated small field of view gamma camera. The relatively low uptake of /sup 99/mTc-sestamibi in the breast compared to other organs such as the heart results in a large fraction of the detected events being Compton scattered gamma rays. In this study, our goal was to determine whether generalized conclusions regarding scatter-to-primary ratios at various locations within the breast image are possible, and if so, to use them to make explicit scatter corrections to the breast scintigrams. Energy spectra were obtained from patient scans for contiguous regions of interest (ROIs) centered left to right within the image of the breast, and extending from the chest wall edge of the image to the anterior edge. An anthropomorphic torso phantom with fillable internal organs and a compressed-shape breast containing water only was used to obtain realistic scatter-only spectra for each ROI. The measured patient energy spectrum was fitted with a linear combination of the scatter-only spectrum from the anthropomorphic phantom and the scatter-free spectrum from a point source. This procedure was repeated for each of the ROIs. We found that although there is a very strong dependence on location within the breast of the scatter-to-primary ratio, the spectra are well modeled by a linear combination of position-dependent scatter-only spectra and a position-independent scatter-free spectrum, resulting in a set of position-dependent correction factors. These correction factors can be used along with measured emission spectra from a given breast to correct for the Compton scatter in the scintigrams. However, the large variation among patients in the magnitude of the position-dependent scatter makes the success of universal correction approaches unlikely.
An analysis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome Reddit posts and themes

Abstract Introduction Reddit hosts a large active community of members dedicated to the discussion of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. We sought to describe common themes discussed and the most frequently mentioned triggers and therapies for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome exacerbations in the Reddit online community. Methods Data collected from six subreddits were filtered using natural language processing to curate posts referencing cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Based on a manual review of posts, common themes were identified. A machine learning model was trained using the manually categorized data to automatically classify the themes for the rest of the posts so that their distributions could be quantified. Results From August 2018 to November 2022, 2683 unique posts were collected. Thematic analysis resulted in five overall themes: cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome-related science; symptom timing; cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome treatment and prevention; cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome diagnosis and education; and health impacts. Additionally, 447 trigger and 664 therapy-related posts were identified. The most commonly mentioned triggers for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome episodes included: food and drink (n = 62), cannabinoids (n = 45), mental health (e.g., stress, anxiety) (n = 27), and alcohol (n = 22). Most commonly mentioned cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome therapies included: hot water/bathing (n = 62), hydration (n = 60), antiemetics (n = 42), food and drink (n = 38), gastrointestinal medications (n = 38), behavioral therapies (e.g., meditation, yoga) (n = 35), and capsaicin (n = 29). Discussion Reddit posts for cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome provide a valuable source of community discussion and individual reports of people experiencing cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Mental health and alcohol were frequently reported triggers within the posts but are not often identified in the literature. While many of the therapies mentioned are well documented, behavioral responses such as meditation and yoga have not been explored by the scientific literature. Conclusions Knowledge shared via online social media platforms contains detailed information on self-reported cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome disease and management experiences, which could serve as valuable data for the development of treatment strategies. Further longitudinal studies in patients with cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome are needed to corroborate these findings.
Approaches to modeling placental function in preeclampsia in vitro and in vivo.

Modeling preeclampsia remains difficult due to the nature of the disease and the unique characteristics of the human placenta. Members of the Hominidae superfamily have a villous hemochorial placenta that is different in structure from those of other therian mammals, including the mouse hemochorial placenta, making this common animal model less ideal for studying this disease. Human placental tissues delivered from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia are excellent for assessing the damage the disease causes but cannot answer how or when the disease begins. Symptoms of preeclampsia manifest halfway through pregnancy or later, making it currently impossible to identify preeclampsia in human tissues obtained from an early stage of pregnancy. Many animal and cell culture models recapitulate various aspects of preeclampsia, though none can on its own completely capture the complexity of human preeclampsia. It is particularly difficult to uncover the cause of the disease using models in which the disease is induced in the lab. However, the many ways by which preeclampsia-like features can be induced in a variety of laboratory animals are consistent with the idea that preeclampsia is a two-stage disease, in which a variety of initial insults may lead to placental ischemia, and ultimately systemic symptoms. The recent development of stem cell- based models, organoids, and various coculture systems have brought in vitro systems with human cells ever closer to recapitulating in vivo events that lead to placental ischemia.
Treatment of women with BRCA mutation

Abstract The cumulative risk for breast and ovarian cancer is high in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. The lifetime risk of breast cancer by the age of 80 years is respectively up to 72% and 69% in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. The risk of ovarian cancer is higher (44%) in BRCA1 than in BRCA2 (17%) mutation carriers. Breast and ovarian cancers tend to arise earlier in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers are more frequently (up to 70%) triple negative while the majority (up to 80%) of breast cancers in BRCA2 mutation carriers are hormone sensitive. Many issues remain to be resolved. In daily practice we are often confronted with patients having BRCA mutations classified as variants of unknown significance, who do have breast cancer personally or have a strong family history of breast cancer. On the other hand, 30–40% of mutation carriers will not develop breast cancer. Moreover, it is very difficult to predict the age at which cancer will arise. In a multidisciplinary setting we need to offer BRCA and other mutation carriers a wide range of information, advice and support.
Central and peripheral chemoreflexes in humans with treated hypertension

Increased peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity is a pathogenic feature of human hypertension (HTN), while both central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are reportedly augmented in animal models of HTN. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that both central and combined central and peripheral chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in HTN. Fifteen HTN participants (68 ± 5 years; mean ± SD) and 13 normotensives (NT; 65 ± 6 years) performed two modified rebreathing protocols in which the partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide ( PETCO2${P_{{\rm{ETC}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ ) progressively increased while the partial pressure of end‐tidal oxygen was clamped at either 150 mmHg (isoxic hyperoxia; central chemoreflex activation) or 50 mmHg (isoxic hypoxia; combined central and peripheral chemoreflex activation). Ventilation ( V̇E${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ ; pneumotachometer) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography) were recorded, and ventilatory ( V̇E${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ vs. PETCO2${P_{{\rm{ETC}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ slope) and sympathetic (MSNA vs. PETCO2${P_{{\rm{ETC}}{{\rm{O}}_2}}}$ slope) chemoreflex sensitivities and recruitment thresholds (breakpoint) were calculated. Global cerebral blood flow (gCBF; duplex Doppler) was measured, and the association with chemoreflex responses was examined. Central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities were greater in HTN than NT (2.48 ± 1.33 vs. 1.58 ± 0.42 L min−1 mmHg−1, P = 0.030: 3.32 ± 1.90 vs. 1.77 ± 0.62 a.u. mmHg−1, P = 0.034, respectively), while recruitment thresholds were not different between groups. HTN and NT had similar combined central and peripheral ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities and recruitment thresholds. A lower gCBF was associated with an earlier recruitment threshold for V̇E${\dot{V}}_{\rm{E}}$ (R2 = 0.666, P < 0.0001) and MSNA (R2 = 0.698, P = 0.004) during isoxic hyperoxic rebreathing. These findings indicate that central ventilatory and sympathetic chemoreflex sensitivities are augmented in human HTN and perhaps suggest that targeting the central chemoreflex may help some forms of HTN.