Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vocal dialects, sex‐biased dispersal, and microsatellite population structure in the parrot Amazona auropalliata

Geographic variation in microsatellite allele frequencies was assessed at nine sites in two regional vocal dialects of the parrot Amazona auropalliata (yellow‐naped amazon) to test for correspondence between dialects and population structure. There was no relationship between the genetic distances between individuals and their dialect membership. High rates of gene flow were estimated between vocal dialects based on genetic differentiation. In addition, 5.5% of pairs of individuals compared across the dialect boundary were estimated to be related at the level of half siblings, indicating that dispersal is ongoing. The number of effective migrants per generation between dialects estimated with the microsatellite data was roughly one‐seventh the number estimated with mitochondrial control region sequence data from the same individuals, suggesting that gene flow may be female‐biased. Together, these results suggest that the observed mosaic pattern of geographic variation in vocalizations is maintained by learning of local call types by immigrant birds after dispersal. We found no evidence that ongoing habitat fragmentation has contributed to cryptic population structure.
Exploring the Local Grammar of Evaluation: The Case of Adjectival Patterns in American and Italian Judicial Discourse

Abstract Based on a 2-million word bilingual comparable corpus of American and Italian judgments, this paper tests the applicability of a local grammar to study evaluative phraseology in judicial discourse in English and Italian. In particular, the study compares the use of two patterns: v-link + ADJ + that pattern / copula + ADJ + che and v-link + ADJ + to-infinitive pattern / copula + ADJ + verbo all’infinito in the disciplinary genre of criminal judgments delivered by the US Supreme Court and the Italian Corte Suprema di Cassazione. It is argued that these two patterns represent a viable and efficient diagnostic tool for retrieving instances of evaluative language and they represent an ideal starting point and a relevant unit of analysis for a cross-language analysis of evaluation in domainrestricted specialised discourse. Further, the findings provided shed light on important interactions occurring among major interactants involved in the judicial discourse.
Damping of inhomogeneities in neutralino dark matter

The lightest supersymmetric particle, most likely the neutralino, might account for a large fraction of dark matter in the Universe. We show that the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations in neutralino cold dark matter (CDM) has a sharp cut-off due to two damping mechanisms: collisional damping during the kinetic decoupling of the neutralinos at O(10 MeV) and free streaming after last scattering of neutralinos. The cut-off in the primordial spectrum defines a minimal mass for CDM objects in hierarchical structure formation. For typical neutralino and sfermion masses the first gravitationally bound neutralino clouds have masses above 10^(-6) M_\odot.
Beyond Journalism

Over the past years, it has often been stated that the traditional function of journalism will erode with the advance of the `information society'. Direct news supply by satellite television and computer networks, the explosion of information and the increasing communication autonomy of citizens, less public service and more commercial exploitation of media all suggest that critical journalism is becoming redundant. This article gives an overview of the relevant developments and discussions on the topic, and defends the thesis that because of the increasing individualization and segmentation in communication such notions as `community' and `public debate' should be taken less for granted. Therefore the traditional task of journalism will shift from collecting information to directing the social flow of information and public debate. Next to this `orientating journalism', the new media offer scope for `instrumental journalism'.
Joint Channel Decoding and State Estimation in Cyber-Physical Systems

Combined with a quickest detection algorithm for error propagation prevention in joint channel decoding and state estimation, a decoding procedure based on Pearl’s belief propagation is proposed to exploit the redundancy of system states in time domain for cyber-physical systems. By applying the proposed scheme to a linear model of electric generator dynamic system, numerical simulations have demonstrated that a better performance of state estimation will be obtained by the joint channel decoding and state estimation, and the error propagation can be successfully eliminated by the error propagation detection algorithm during the state estimation process.
Vulnerabilities in SOHO VoIP gateways

The technological advancements and equipment cost reductions, aid in the rapid evolution of residential networks, which evolved in to an autonomous ecosystem with more elaborate services and capabilities than previously experienced. The elements in the residential networks are using a combination of hardware, software and communication protocols with inherent security vulnerabilities due to this new configuration. One such component is the voice over IP (VoIP) gateway, which in many cases is replacing the current Internet gateway thus providing network as well as VoIP connectivity. The new VoIP gateways are required to provide greater robustness and security than the current Internet gateways since they need to support critical services such as E911 and real-time multimedia applications. This paper reflects the results of a research study that aimed at identifying security issues associated with residential VoIP gateways, including signaling and media routing, implementation, operation, and network management in order to understand their impact on end users and service providers. The findings suggest that attacks such as message, replay, amplification (i.e. Denial of Service or "DoS" ), annoyance (SPIT), and eavesdropping along with misconfiguration and several other weaknesses can have a severe impact on the subscriber's ability to communicate in an emergency or disclosure of sensitive information.
The impact of physical activity in a case of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5� 10% of women of fertile age and most women are diagnosed with the syndrome because of gynecologic symptoms, that is infertility, menstrual disturbances or symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as acne or excess hair growth. Since the report by Burghen et al. (1) in 1980 that PCOS was associated with hyperinsulinemia, it has become clear that women with PCOS are more insulin resistant than weight-matched women without the syndrome (2). PCOS has several features in common with the metabolic syndrome, including dyslipi-demia, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. In both syndromes, there are also signs of enhanced activity in neuroendocrine stress axes (3,4), and blood pressure has been found to be higher in PCOS than in controls (5). Metformin, an insulin sensitizing agent, is used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also increasingly for PCOS. Other treatments for insulin resistance are physical activity and weight loss (6 � 8). Motivation is crucial for lifestyle changes (7). Most doctors have experienced that it is difficult to motivate a patient to lose weight and become more physically active and that patient adherence is much easier to achieve to medical treatment than to a change in lifestyle. The following case report illustrates both the effect of physical activity on PCOS and the importance of motivation. A 24-year-old nurse student referred because of oligo-menorrhea and elevated plasma testosterone was enrolled in a double-blind, randomized study of the effect of metformin on PCOS. The study was designed as a crossover study with treatment periods of 6 months separated by a 3-month washout period. Before entering the study, she received general information about PCOS and the importance of being physically active and losing weight was emphasized. Before and after each treatment period, blood pressure and waist-hip (w/h) ratio were measured and body mass index (BMI) calculated. After an overnight fast of 8h, venous plasma levels of glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TGL), dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHAS), gonadotropins, total testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured. Testosterone index (T index) was calculated as testosterone divided with SHBG. Her periods became regular during the first treatment period and remained so during the remaining study period. She lost weight during the first period, but gained a little again during the second period. Testosterone normalized during both periods. As SHBG rose during the second period, the testosterone index fell. FBG fell continuously during the study (Table I). An oral glucose tolerance test performed after the study period was normal. When the code was broken, it appeared that she had received metformin during the first treatment period. As the investigator performing the study expressed some surprise over the improving values during the placebo period despite the increasing
Ministerial and Parliamentary Elites in an Executive-Dominated System: Post-Soviet Russia 1991–2009

[Abstract This article analyzes the recruitment and circulation of ministerial and parliamentary elites in Russia from the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991 until 2009. The social backgrounds and careers of all ministers in 13 cabinets (1991–2009) and all members of the State Duma during its five terms after 1993 are studied. Especially during Vladimir Putin’s presidency (2000–2008), a shift toward super-presidentialism altered the circulation and composition of ministerial and parliamentary elites. Cabinets in Moscow consisted increasingly of ministers recruited from state bureaucracies, while the State Duma more and more contained businessmen, party politicians, and celebrities who appeared to treat MP service as simply an episode in their wider careers. , AbstractThis article analyzes the recruitment and circulation of ministerial and parliamentary elites in Russia from the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991 until 2009. The social backgrounds and careers of all ministers in 13 cabinets (1991-2009) and all members of the State Duma during its five terms after 1993 are studied. Especially during Vladimir Putin’s presidency (2000-2008), a shift toward super-presidentialism altered the circulation and composition of ministerial and parliamentary elites. Cabinets in Moscow consisted increasingly of ministers recruited from state bureaucracies, while the State Duma more and more contained businessmen, party politicians, and celebrities who appeared to treat MP service as simply an episode in their wider careers. ]
Identification of fruits of Tribulus terrestris Linn. and Pedalium murex Linn.: A pharmacognostical approach

Gokshura is a well-known Ayurvedic drug that is used in many preparations. Botonically it is identified as Tribulus terrestris Linn. , especially the roots and fruits of the plant. But instead the fruits of another plant Pedalium murex Linn. are commonly used and the drug is frequently substituted. Pharmacognostical study has been carried out to identify the distinguishing features, both morphological and microscopic, of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris Linn. and Pedalium murex Linn. This knowledge should help reduce the problem of substitution of the genuine drug.
Intrarater and interrater reliability of three classifications for scapular dyskinesis in athletes

Clinical evaluation of scapular dyskinesis (SD) aims to identify abnormal scapulothoracic movement, underlying causal factors, and the potential relationship with shoulder symptoms. The literature proposes different methods of dynamic clinical evaluation of SD, but improved reliability and agreement values are needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the intrarater and interrater agreement and reliability of three SD classifications: 1) 4-type classification, 2) Yes/No classification, and 3) scapular dyskinesis test (SDT). Seventy-five young athletes, including 45 men and 30 women, were evaluated. Raters evaluated the SD based on the three methods during one series of 8–10 cycles (at least eight and maximum of ten) of forward flexion and abduction with an external load under the observation of two raters trained to diagnose SD. The evaluation protocol was repeated after 3 h for intrarater analysis. The agreement percentage was calculated by dividing the observed agreement by the total number of observations. Reliability was calculated using Cohen Kappa coefficient, with a 95% confidence interval (CI), defined by Kappa coefficient ±1.96 multiplied by the measurement standard error. The interrater analyses showed an agreement percentage between 80% and 95.9% and an almost perfect reliability (k>0.81) for the three classification methods in all the test conditions, except the 4-type and SDT classification methods, which had substantial reliability (k<0.80) in shoulder abduction. Intrarater analyses showed agreement percentages between 80.7% and 89.3% and substantial reliability (0.67 to 0.81) for both raters in the three classifications. CIs ranged from moderate to almost perfect categories. This indicates that the three SD classification methods investigated in this study showed high reliability values for both intrarater and interrater evaluation throughout a protocol that provided SD evaluation training of raters and included several repetitions of arm movements with external load during a live assessment.
Facial expressions in severely demented patients—a stimulus–response study of four patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type

The ability to exhibit facial expressions was studied in four patients with severe dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), by means of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and physiological responses (heart rate, respiration, skin temperature) under pleasant and unpleasant stimulus conditions. Complex facial expressions that could be interpreted as expressions of emotions were not seen. An increase in the number of facial movements and changes in the physiological responses were seen most markedly under the unpleasant stimulus condition. The patients' reactions during the assumed pleasant stimulus conditions indicated comfort. Different reactions were obtained among the patients. The importance of developing further methods to identify and interpret facial movements in nurse‐patient relationships is emphasized.
Tactics‐Based Behavioural Planning for Goal‐Driven Rigid Body Control

Controlling rigid body dynamic simulations can pose a difficult challenge when constraints exist on the bodies' goal states and the sequence of intermediate states in the resulting animation. Manually adjusting individual rigid body control actions (forces and torques) can become a very labour‐intensive and non‐trivial task, especially if the domain includes a large number of bodies or if it requires complicated chains of inter‐body collisions to achieve the desired goal state. Furthermore, there are some interactive applications that rely on rigid body models where no control guidance by a human animator can be offered at runtime, such as video games.
Musical syntactic processing in agrammatic Broca's aphasia

Background: Growing evidence for overlap in the syntactic processing of language and music in non‐brain‐damaged individuals leads to the question of whether aphasic individuals with grammatical comprehension problems in language also have problems processing structural relations in music. Aims: The current study sought to test musical syntactic processing in individuals with Broca's aphasia and grammatical comprehension deficits, using both explicit and implicit tasks. Methods & Procedures: Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment 12 individuals with Broca's aphasia (and 14 matched controls) were tested for their sensitivity to grammatical and semantic relations in sentences, and for their sensitivity to musical syntactic (harmonic) relations in chord sequences. An explicit task (acceptability judgement of novel sequences) was used. The second experiment, with 9 individuals with Broca's aphasia (and 12 matched controls), probed musical syntactic processing using an implicit task (harmonic priming). Outcomes & Results: In both experiments the aphasic group showed impaired processing of musical syntactic relations. Control experiments indicated that this could not be attributed to low‐level problems with the perception of pitch patterns or with auditory short‐term memory for tones. Conclusions: The results suggest that musical syntactic processing in agrammatic aphasia deserves systematic investigation, and that such studies could help probe the nature of the processing deficits underlying linguistic agrammatism. Methodological suggestions are offered for future work in this little‐explored area.
AUTOMATIC ADAPTATION OF IMAGE SEGMENTATION CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR OUTDOOR SCENES

This paper proposes a method for automatic adaptation of segmentation control parameters based on Genetic Algorithms. The goals of automatic adaptation of segmentation parameters in this research are to provide continuous adaptation to normal environmental variation conditions such as (time of day, weather) to exhibit learning capability and to provide robust performance when interacting with a dynamic environment. The research intended to adapt the performance of a well known existing segmentation method (Recursive region growing Algorithms) across a wide variety of environmental conditions which cause changes in the image characteristics and maximizes the segmentation quality measures. Experimental results are given that indicate the ability to adapt the segmentation performance in outdoor color image with high quality segmentation result in a minimal number of generations. ّيكتلا ف يئاقلتلا ةيجراخلا رظانملل ةروصلا ةـئزجت ةرطيس لماوعل
The Literacy Skills of Language-Impaired Children: Time for 'joined up' thinking?

Relatively little research has been completed into the nature of the association between language and literacy in language-impaired children. This study examines a group of children who attended language unit provision between the ages of 3 years 6 months and 7 years in an inner city education authority. At follow-up, the children were between 7 years 10 months and 13 years 3 months. Of the 24 children, five had transferred to mainstream school, 12 went to a Key Stage 2 language unit and seven went to special school. The links between the assessments of language, phonological skills and literacy development are described. The educational outcomes for this group are considered. Proposals are made for closer collaboration between educational psychologists, and speech and language therapists in the initial identification of children with language impairment, and the continued communication with teachers, so that the language and literacy development of such children can be viewed within the whole teaching context.
Adaptive Personalized Training Games for Individual and Collaborative Rehabilitation of People with Multiple Sclerosis

Any rehabilitation involves people who are unique individuals with their own characteristics and rehabilitation needs, including patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The prominent variation of MS symptoms and the disease severity elevate a need to accommodate the patient diversity and support adaptive personalized training to meet every patient's rehabilitation needs. In this paper, we focus on integrating adaptivity and personalization in rehabilitation training for MS patients. We introduced the automatic adjustment of difficulty levels as an adaptation that can be provided in individual and collaborative rehabilitation training exercises for MS patients. Two user studies have been carried out with nine MS patients to investigate the outcome of this adaptation. The findings showed that adaptive personalized training trajectories have been successfully provided to MS patients according to their individual training progress, which was appreciated by the patients and the therapist. They considered the automatic adjustment of difficulty levels to provide more variety in the training and to minimize the therapists involvement in setting up the training. With regard to social interaction in the collaborative training exercise, we have observed some social behaviors between the patients and their training partner which indicated the development of social interaction during the training.
Visual programming of an interactive smart home application using LabVIEW

This paper presents the modeling, functionality and implementation of a modern interactive smart home system, which supports several automations for comfortable and secure living, including an energy management subsystem which cooperates with a rooftop photovoltaic installation. The smart home application was developed in the LabVIEW graphical programming environment, being a challenging task since LabVIEW is primarily targeting data collection and analysis as well as complex measurements and trials in laboratory and industrial environments. However, a lot of attractive capabilities it provides for interfacing and control, processing of sensor input, visual (also known as dataflow or diagrammatic) programming and handy visualization promise a much wider adoption and application field. Consequently, it can be applied efficiently and effortlessly in modern home automation and smart home applications.
On Parallel Searching

We investigate the complexity of searching a sorted table of n elements on a synchronous, shared memory parallel computer with p processors. We show that $\Omega (\lg n - \lg p)$ steps are required if concurrent accesses to the same memory cell are not allowed, whereas $O(\lg n/\lg p)$ steps are sufficient if simultaneous reads are allowed. The lower bound is valid even if only communication steps are counted, and the computational power of each processor is not restricted. In this model, $\Theta \sqrt {\lg n} $ steps are required for searching when the number of processors is unbounded. If the amount of information that a memory cell may store is restricted, then the time complexity for searching with an unbounded number of processors is $\Theta (\lg n/\lg \lg n)$. If the amount of information a processor may hold is also restricted, then an $\Omega (\lg n)$ lower bound holds. These lower bounds are first proven for comparison-based algorithms; it is next shown that comparison-based algorithms are as pow.
Ultraschalldiagnostik der intra-kraniellen Hirnarterien und Monitoring-Techniken

point out that possibly TCD monitoring may reveal the development for critical cerebral circulatory disturbances in patients with space-occupying media infarctions and may thus supply a significant contribution to the indication for cranial decompression. By means of repeat examinations of the Course. using the TCD and TTCS technique. it is possible to identify in patients with acute cerebral infarction the time of rechannelling and to estimate the space-occupying effect of an infarction by measuring the displacement of the third ventricle. Monitoring patients after thrombendarterectomy of the internal Syndrome,