Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cell signaling during Trypanosoma cruzi invasion

Cell signaling is an essential requirement for mammalian cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi. Depending on the parasite strain and the parasite developmental form, distinct signaling pathways may be induced. In this short review, we focus on the data coming from studies with metacyclic trypomastigotes (MT) generated in vitro and tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes (TCT), used as counterparts of insect-borne and bloodstream parasites, respectively. During invasion of host cells by MT or TCT, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and host cell lysosomal exocytosis are triggered. Invasion mediated by MT surface molecule gp82 requires the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase C (PKC) in the host cell, associated with Ca2+-dependent disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. In MT, protein tyrosine kinase, PI3K, phospholipase C, and PKC appear to be activated. TCT invasion, on the other hand, does not rely on mTOR activation, rather on target cell PI3K, and may involve the host cell autophagy for parasite internalization. Enzymes, such as oligopeptidase B and the major T. cruzi cysteine proteinase cruzipain, have been shown to generate molecules that induce target cell Ca2+ signal. In addition, TCT may trigger host cell responses mediated by transforming growth factor β receptor or integrin family member. Further investigations are needed for a more complete and detailed picture of T. cruzi invasion.
The effects of high and low repetition resistance training on the force profile of the rowing stroke

The effect of resistance training on the ability to generate force throughout the rowing stroke has to date been unreported. The purpose of this study therefore was to detennine the changes that occur in the force profile of the rowing stroke, following low repetition strength (LRS) and high repetition endurance (HRE) resistance training. Eight female and 10 male sub elite heavy weight rowers matched according to gender, strength and anthropometric variables, completed 12 weeks of LRS or HRE resistance training. Pre and post testing was completed to determine changes in bench press and leg press repetition maximum (3RM) strength and strength endurance (repetitions to failure using 75% of 3RM). Changes in the force profile of the rowing stroke were determined by the changes in peak force, work per stroke and total work. All subjects completed a maximal and 3 minute effort biomechanica1 test on an instrumented Concept II rowing ergometer at 2 steps of increasing intensity. Significant difference (Q < . 05) was recorded in upper and lower body strength, lower body strength endurance and in all except one biomechanical variable in both biomechanical tests. Differences between the groups were only significant in endurance leg press repetitions and the 3 minute efforts work per stroke during the first step. Improvements made in endurance leg press repetitions were significantly greater ( ~ 33) for HRE, while changes in bench press strength where significant for LRS (+! 0.3kg) but not for HRE (+3.7kg). Post hoc and descriptive analyses showed HRE improved consistently more than LRS in all 3 minute biomechanical variables indicating that HRE may be of more benefit for increasing certair. biomechanical variables of the simulated rowing stroke than LRS. These findings must however be viewed with caution, as more controlled research is required in the area. Declaration Acknowled[ements Abstract Table of
The double-edged sword: Emotion regulation in high risk children.

The capacity to manage emotion is based on the growth of self-regulatory capacities in the early years, but is also affected by situational demands, influences from other people, and the child's goals for regulating emotion in a particular setting. For most children growing up in supportive contexts, the growth of emotional regulation is associated with enhanced psychosocial well-being and socioemotional competence. But for children who are at risk for the development of psychopathology owing to environmental stresses or intrinsic vulnerability (or their interaction), emotional regulation often entails inherent trade-offs that make nonoptimal strategies of managing emotion expectable, perhaps inevitable, in a context of difficult environmental demands and conflicting emotional goals. This analysis discusses how emotional regulation in children at risk may simultaneously foster both resiliency and vulnerability by considering how emotion is managed when children (a) are living with a parent who is depressed, (b) witness or experience domestic violence, or (c) are temperamentally inhibited when encountering novel challenges. In each case, the child,s efforts to manage emotion may simultaneously buffer against certain stresses while also enhancing the child's vulnerability to other risks and demands. This double-edged sword of emotional regulation in conditions of risk for children cautions against using "optimal" emotional regulation as an evaluative standard for such children or assuming that emotional regulation necessarily improves psychosocial well-being. It also suggests how the study of emotional regulation must consider the goals for regulating emotion and the contexts in which those goals are sought.
Toxoplasma gondii Infection Regulates the Balance of Activating and Inhibitory Receptors on Decidual Natural Killer Cells

Inhibitory receptors and activating receptor expressed on decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are generally believed to be important in abnormal pregnancy outcomes and induced adverse pregnancy. However, if Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection induced abnormal pregnancy was related to dNK cells changes is not clear. In this study, we used human dNK cells co-cultured with human extravillous cytotrophoblast (EVT) cells following YFP-Toxoplasma gondii (YFP-T. gondii) infection in vitro and established animal pregnant infection model. Levels of inhibitory receptors KIR2DL4 and ILT-2, their ligand HLA-G, and activating receptor NKG2D in human decidua, and NKG2A and its ligand Qa-1 and NKG2D in mice uterine were analyzed by real-time PCR and flow cytometry with levels of NKG2D significantly higher than those of KIR2DL4 and ILT-2 in vitro and in invo. The level of NKG2D was positively correlated with cytotoxic activity of dNK cells in vitro. Numbers of abnormal pregnancies were significantly greater in the infected group than in the control group. This result demonstrated that the increased NKG2D expression and imbalance between inhibitory receptors of dNK cells and HLA-G may contribute to abnormal pregnancy outcomes observed upon maternal infection with T. gondii.
Simulating and analysing Jackson Pollock's paintings

We present an interactive system which allows users to create abstract paintings mimicking the style of Jackson Pollock using 3D viscous fluid jets. Pollock's paintings were created by using streams of household paint to make guided, semi-random patterns on his canvas. Our fluid jet model consists of two coupled simulations: a Navier-Stokes solver for an axis-symmetric fluid column and a linked mass system for tracking the 3D motion of the jet's axis line. The paint trails left by the jets are represented using implicit surfaces. Our system also includes an algorithm for generating the splatter patterns created by the impacts of high-speed fluid drops. We allow users to analyse the fractal properties of the images they create, a concept inspired by the fractal properties that are believed to exist in Pollock's own paintings.
TEACHING WRITING HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT THROUGH TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING (TBLT)

Abstract: The objective of the research was to find out whether teaching writing hortatory exposition text through Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is effective or not. It was also designed to find out how significant the effectiveness of teaching writing hortatory exposition text through the use of TBLT is. The research was carried out at SMAN 2 Pontianak. It was a quasi experimental research. The subjects of the research were the eleventh grade students of XI IPA 2 and XI IPA 4. Data analysis showed that experimental group outperformed control group. It was also found that although there was a difference between the students’ mean score of pre-test and post-test of control group in favor of the traditional approach, this difference was not statistically significant. Therefore, it was concluded that TBLT was more effective in teaching writing hortatory exposition text compared to the traditional approach. Keywords: hortatory exposition text, writing, TBLT Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pengajaran menulis teks hortatory exposition melalui Pengajaran Bahasa Berbasis Tugas (TBLT) efektif atau tidak. Penelitian ini juga dirancang untuk mengetahui seberapa besar efektivitas pengajaran menulis teks hortatory exposition melalui pendekatan TBLT. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Pontianak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA 2 XI dan XI IPA 4. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen mengungguli kelompok kontrol.Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa meskipun ada perbedaan antara skor rata-rata siswadari pre-test dan post-test dari kelompok kontrol yang mendukung pendekatan tradisional, perbedaan ini tidak signifikan secara statistik. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa TBLT lebih efektif dalam pengajaran menulis teks hortatory exposition dibandingkan dengan pendekatan tradisional. Kata kunci: teks hortatory exposition, menulis, TBLT
2 . Comprehending Large Scale Object-Oriented Programs

C++ Lens is an innovative visualisation technique and associated tool, that assists maintainers comprehend C++ source code. The primary role of the C++ Lens technique and tool is to visualise the interface relationships existing between C++ classes and to signify the relative importance of these relationships. The technique innovatively combines, via the definition of lenses, elements of reverse engineering, code browsing, visualisation, and metrics gathering into a coherent framework for code comprehension. This paper describes the basis of the technique and presents some results of applying the C++ Lens technique and tool to large-scale commercial software.
Chemoprevention of cancer by organoselenium compounds

A major research goal of our laboratories is the development of new organoselenium cancer chemopreventive agents with less toxicity compared to some of the historical selenium compounds, such as sodium selenite. Ideally, such agents would be employed to inhibit tumor development in different organs caused by a variety of chemical carcinogens, particularly those present in the human environment. A series of organoselenium compounds has been synthesized and evaluated for their chemopreventive efficacy in vivo. Parallel to these studies, short‐term in vitro and in vivo assays were employed to understand the mechanism of action and to rapidly evaluate their efficacy in eventual long‐term preclinical investigations. We demonstrated that one of the most effective of these organoselenium compounds, 1,4‐phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p‐XSC, Fig. 1), is capable of inhibiting tumors in the mammary glands, colon, and lung of laboratory animals.
A cross-coupling model of vertical vergence adaptation

Vertical disparity vergence aligns the two eyes in response to vertical misalignment (disparity) of the two ocular images. An adaptive response to vertical disparity vergence is demonstrated by the continuation of vertical vergence when one eye is occluded. The adaptive response is quantilied by vertical phoria, the eye alignment error during monocular viewing. Vertical phoria can be differentially adapted to vertical disparities of opposite sign located at two positions along the horizontal or vertical head-referenced axes. Vertical phoria aftereffects vary in amplitude as the eyes move from one adapted direction of gaze to another along the adaptation axis. A cross-coupling model was developed to account for the spatial variations of vertical phoria aftereffects. The model is constrained according to both single cell recordings of eye position sensitive neurons, and eye position measurements during and following adaptation. The vertieal phoria is computed by scaling the activities of eye position sensitive neurons and converting the scaled activities into a vertical vergence signal. The three components of the model are: neural activities associated with conjugate eye position, cross-coupling weights to scale the activities, and vertical vergence transducers to convert the weighted activities to vertical vergence. The model provides a biologically plausible mechanism for vertical vergence adaptation.
A hybrid model for named entity recognition using unstructured medical text

Named entity recognition (NER) is an essential step in the process of information extraction within text mining. This paper proposes a technique to extract drug named entities from unstructured and informal medical text using a hybrid model of lexicon-based and rule-based techniques. In the proposed model, a lexicon is first used as the initial step to detect drug named entities. Inference rules are then deployed to further extract undetected drug names. The designed rules employ part of speech tags and morphological features for drug name detection. The proposed hybrid model is evaluated using a benchmark data set from the i2b2 2009 medication challenge, and is able to achieve an f-score of 66.97%.
On the magnetorotational instability and elastic buckling

This paper demonstrates an equivalence between rotating magnetized shear flows and a stressed elastic beam. This results from finding the same form of dynamical equations after an asymptotic reduction of the axis-symmetric magnetorotational instability (MRI) under the assumption of almost-critical driving. The analysis considers the MRI dynamics in a non-dissipative near-equilibrium regime. Both the magnetic and elastic systems reduce to a simple one-dimensional wave equation with a non-local nonlinear feedback. Under transformation, the equation comprises a large number of mean-field interacting Duffing oscillators. This system was the first proven example of a strange attractor in a partial differential equation. Finding the same reduced equation in two natural applications suggests the model might result from other applications and could fall into a universal class based on symmetry.
Causes of neonatal admissions and deaths at a rural hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG-4) is to reduce child mortality by up to two-thirds by 2015. In most developing countries, a higher proportion of neonatal deaths are observed. We quantify the causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality at a rural hospital. A retrospective review of consecutive neonatal admissions to Empangeni Hospital, between January and December 2005, was conducted. Of 1,573 admissions, male babies made up 57.8% of admissions and 63% of the deaths. The most common causes of admission were birth asphyxia (38.2%), prematurity (23.5%), and infection (21%). The average length of stay was 9.2 days (SD 12 days). The overall mortality rate was 13.8% but higher (23.4%) among the referred babies. Admission and death rates of low birthweight babies (<2,500g) were 53% and 84%, respectively. Two-thirds (67.7%) of those babies who died were born preterm. Over half (56.6%) of the deaths took place within the frst three days of life. Logistic regression showed that extremely low birthweigh.
What matters most in end-of-life care: perceptions of seriously ill patients and their family members

Background: Initiatives to improve end-of-life care are hampered by our nascent understanding of what quality care means to patients and their families. The primary purpose of this study was to describe what seriously ill patients in hospital and their family members consider to be the key elements of quality end-of-life care. Methods: After deriving a list of 28 elements related to quality end-of-life care from existing literature, focus groups with experts and interviews with patients, we administered a face-to-face questionnaire to older patients with advanced cancer and chronic end-stage medical disease and their family members in 5 hospitals across Canada to assess their perspectives on the importance. We compared differences in ratings across various subgroups of patients and family members. Results: Of 569 eligible patients and 176 family members, 440 patients (77%) and 160 relations (91%) agreed to participate. The elements rated as „extremely important” most frequently by the patients were „To have trust and confidence in the doctors looking after you” (55.8% of respondents), „Not to be kept alive on life support when there is little hope for a meaningful recovery” (55.7%), „That information about your disease be communicated to you by your doctor in an honest manner” (44.1%) and „To complete things and prepare for life's end — life review, resolving conflicts, saying goodbye” (43.9%). Significant differences in ratings of importance between patient groups and between patients and their family members were found for many elements of care. Interpretation: Seriously ill patients and family members have defined the importance of various elements related to quality end-of-life care. The most important elements related to trust in the treating physician, avoidance of unwanted life support, effective communication, continuity of care and life completion. Variation in the perception of what matters the most indicates the need for customized or individualized approaches to providing end-of-life care.
Everyday Discourses of Support and Resistance: The Case of the Australian Social Housing Initiative

Abstract Discourse analysis has a long history in housing studies and is used to explore the role of language in determining meaning and power in the urban policy field. This study explores the competing discourses used to frame new social housing construction in Australia under the Social Housing Initiative, introduced as part of the National Building Economic Stimulus Plan. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders (n = 152) conducted at 21 developments, discourse analysis reveals a series of discursive themes used to represent, support and challenge new social housing provision. Negative, mixed and positive discourses emerge – “Housing Commission” as negative; “public”/“social” housing as mixed; “community” housing as more positive. Each discourse provides a unique representation of the sociocultural, physical or economic values of social housing. The language used reflects the dominant status of home ownership in Australia and the extent to which each of these discursive groupings differ from or align with the ideal of home ownership. While failing to dislodge the powerful status of home ownership, it revealed how the mobilization of discourses which align social housing with the dominant ownership discourse might offer an opportunity for addressing tenure- and place-based stigmatization.
A Survey on Authorship Profiling Techniques

Authorship analysis is a text analysis technique that is visualized mainly in three different techniques namely Authorship Profiling, Authorship Identification and Plagiarism Detection. In this paper a brief survey on the recent developments in the area of author profiling approaches were presented. Authorship Profiling is to ascertain various authors characteristics like age, gender, native country, native language, degree of education and personality traits by analyzing their writing styles. In recent times, Author Profiling is popular in the fields of forensic analysis, security and marketing. Based on the popularity of the Authorship Profiling problem, multiple solutions were proposed by various researchers across the globe. Several researchers used different types of features to identify the writing style characteristics of authors. The main focus of this survey is to predict the demographic features of authors such as gender, age and personality traits based on the text corpus written by
The influence of irrigating solutions on the accuracy of the electronic apex locator facility in the Tri Auto ZX handpiece.

AIM To determine the influence of various irrigating solutions on the accuracy of the electronic apex locator facility in the Tri Auto ZX handpiece. METHODOLOGY One hundred and forty teeth with single canals and mature apices, scheduled for extraction for either periodontal or prosthetic reasons in 76 patients were used. Following informed written consent local anaesthesia was administered, access cavities were prepared and pulp tissue removed. The teeth were then randomly divided into seven groups according to the irrigating solutions used. The root canal length measurements were completed using the Tri Auto ZX handpiece with automatic reverse function in the presence of one or other of the following solutions: 0.9% saline, 2.5% NaOCl, 3% H(2)O(2), 0.2% chlorhexidine, 17% EDTA, Ultracaine D-S or in the absence of an irrigating solution (control). Files were immobilized in the access cavity with composite resin. After extraction, the apical regions of the teeth were exposed and the file tips examined under a stereomicroscope. Distances between the file tips and the apical constriction were measured (mm) and analysed using a one-way anova and post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Mean distances from the apical constriction to the file tip were longer in the 0.9% saline group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference on file tip position between the other solutions. CONCLUSIONS Tri Auto ZX gave reliable results with all irrigating solutions apart from in the presence of 0.9% saline.
An ATSC DTV receiver with improved robustness to multipath and distributed transmission environments

This paper presents the design and implementation of an 8-VSB DTV receiver for indoor and distributed transmission environments. The receiver is designed to handle severe multipath distortion from indoor and Single Frequency Network (SFN) transmission conditions. The architecture of the receiver is first introduced. The adaptive equalizer structure and design are then discussed in detail. A channel-matched filter is employed as a pre-filter such that the signal energies from different echoes are combined optimally and the signal to noise ratio of the equalizer input is maximized. Feedforward and feedback equalizers are used to handle the pre-echo (pre-cursor) and post-echo (post-cursor), respectively. The feedforward filter is designed to minimize the pre-cursors or convert them into post-cursors, while the feedback equalizer is used to eliminate the post-cursors. Initial tap coefficients are computed to speed up the convergence of these two filters based on the channel estimation. Laboratory tests show that the new prototype DTV receiver has very robust performance in multipath environments. 0 dB echoes can be handled with this receiver due to the enhanced design of the equalizer. It can withstand a -10 dB single echo within a -29.5 to +38.5 microsecond range and a 0 dB echo within a 12 microsecond range.
The association of NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox with diabetic nephropathy is still uncertain: response to Hodgkinson, Millward, and Demaine.

We believe that there are limitations in the study by Hodgkinson, Millward, and Demaine (1) about the association of the NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox polymorphisms with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The case-control association studies on the polymorphisms in p22phox have been performed by a number of researchers, and their results are …