Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleic Acids Research Inversing the Natural Hydrogen Bonding Rule to Selectively Amplify Gc-rich Adar-edited Rnas Inversing the Natural Hydrogen Bonding Rule to Selectively Amplify Gc-rich Adar-edited Rnas

Email and RSS alerting Sign up for email alerts, and subscribe to this journal's RSS feeds at http://nar.oxfordjournals. org image downloads PowerPoint® Images from this journal can be downloaded with one click as a PowerPoint slide. ABSTRACT DNA complementarity is expressed by way of three hydrogen bonds for a G:C base pair and two for A:T. As a result, careful control of the denatura-tion temperature of PCR allows selective amplification of AT-rich alleles. Yet for the same reason, the converse is not possible, selective amplification of GC-rich alleles. Inosine (I) hydrogen bonds to cytosine by two hydrogen bonds while diaminopu-rine (D) forms three hydrogen bonds with thymine. By substituting dATP by dDTP and dGTP by dITP in a PCR reaction, DNA is obtained in which the natural hydrogen bonding rule is inversed. When PCR is performed at limiting denaturation temperatures, it is possible to recover GC-rich viral genomes and inverted Alu elements embedded in cellular mRNAs resulting from editing by dsRNA dependent host cell adenosine deaminases. The editing of Alu elements in cellular mRNAs was strongly enhanced by type I interferon induction indicating a novel link mRNA metabolism and innate immunity.
A pr 2 00 6 Huygens-Fresnel Principle in Superspace

We first roughly present a summary of the optico-mechanical analogy, which has always been so profitable in physics. Then we put forward a geometrodynamical formulation of gravity suitable to our intentions, both formally and conceptually. We present difficulties in some approaches to canonically quantize gravity which can be ammended by the idea put forward in this paper, which we introduce in the last section. It consists basically in trying to find an intermediary between the quantization step going from the classical superhamiltonian constraint to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. This is accomplished by inputing interference beyond the WKB approximation, through a sort of Huygens-Fresnel Principle (HFP) in superspace. It turns out that we can derive wave-like character for both domains from this principle by allowing backward angles of diffraction, and what is more, approximate to a high degree of accuracy Feynman’s path integral method in any domain.
Lane map building and localization for automated driving using 2D laser rangefinder

This paper describes a method of lane map building and localization for automated driving using 2d laser rangefinder. Today's on-board sensors such as radar or camera do not reach a satisfying level of development from the point of view of robustness and availability. Thus, map data is often used as an additional data input to support these systems. An digital map is used as a powerful additional sensor. So we propose a lane map-based localization using a 2D Laser Rangefinder. The maps are created beforehand using a 2D LiDAR and RTK GPS. A pose estimation of vehicle was derived from a low-cost GPS and an iterative closest point(ICP) match of real-time sensor data to lane map. And the estimated pose was used as an observation inside a Kalman filter framework. The performance of the proposed localization algorithm is verified via vehicle tests in ITS proving ground. It has been shown through vehicle tests that good localization performance can be obtained. The proposed algorithm will be useful in the implementation of automated driving.
Prolonged Clinical Remission in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is typically a relapsing/remitting disease. However, some patients experience prolonged remission. These patients may provide further insights into SLE pathophysiology. In this study we characterize their clinical course. Methods. Prolonged remission was defined as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) = 0, = 2, or = 4 (based on serology) for ≥ 5 consecutive years, with visits ≤ 18 months apart. The patients could be taking antimalarials, but not corticosteroids or immunosuppressives. Flare was defined as clinical activity on SLEDAI-2K, or by corticosteroid/immunosuppressive initiation. Each patient’s preremission course was classified as monophasic, relapsing/remitting, or chronic active. These patients were compared to matched SLE controls and patients achieving remission on medications. Results. A total of 38/1613 (2.4%) patients achieved prolonged remission while taking no medications. The mean duration was 11.5 ± 6.4 years. Twenty-seven patients (71.0%) had relapsing/remitting disease, 11 (28.9%) had monophasic illness, and none had chronic active disease prior to remission. They differed from matched controls in ethnicity, disease activity at first visit, and cumulative organ damage. There were 34/1613 patients (2.1%) who achieved prolonged remission while taking steroids and/or immunosuppressives, with mean duration 8.5 ± 2.9 years. Twelve patients (35.3%) experienced disease flare. They were younger at diagnosis, with more disease activity prior to remission than patients taking no medications. Conclusion. Prolonged remission is an infrequent outcome among patients and is preceded by an atypically monophasic clinical course in a significant minority. Those taking medications represent a heterogeneous group: those who will tolerate eventual taper, and those whose disease activity was merely suppressed by ongoing immunosuppression. Prolonged remission may reflect unique pathophysiologic mechanisms, and warrants further investigation.
Influence of clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic variables on quality of life in patients with epilepsy: findings from Georgian study

Objective: To identify the clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors that are associated with a poor quality of life in patients with epilepsy in Georgia. Methods: Clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic status data were collected from 115 adult epileptic outpatients being treated in the epilepsy programme at the Sarajishvili Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (SINN) in Tbilisi, Georgia. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) was measured by the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine which variables were associated with QOLIE-31 total and subcomponent scores. Results: Mean age of the patient population was 37.9 (SD 15.8) years; 43.5% were females; 51.8% did not have a partner; 39.1% had some university education; 82.6% were unemployed. Of 115 epileptic patients 83.3% had partial, and 16.7% had generalised seizures. Overall, 32.2% of patients were seizure free, and 28.7% experienced more than 10 seizures over the past year. The variables that most strongly predicted a lower QOLIE-31 total score were a low education level, high seizure frequency, and long duration of epilepsy. The QOLIE-31 all subcomponent scores correlated strongly with seizure frequency. Advanced age was a significant predictor for a low overall quality of life, energy/fatigue, and cognitive scores. Female sex was the factor that significantly predicted a low seizure worry score. Education level strongly correlated with overall quality of life, and cognitive and social functioning scores. Conclusions: Clinical factors such as high seizure frequency and long duration of epilepsy had a significant influence on HRQL. Advanced age, female sex, and a low education level were the demographic factors that correlated strongly with low quality of life scores.
Sexual Assault Perpetration by College Men: The Role of Alcohol, Misperception of Sexual Intent, and Sexual Beliefs and Experiences

This study provides empirical support for a theoretical model previously developed by Abbey and colleagues (Abbey, 1 991; Abbey Ross, & McDuffie, 1994; Abbey, Ross, McDuffie, & McAuslan, 1 99b) to explain one set of pathways through which alcohol and sexual assault are linked. It was hypothesized that the mutual effects of beliefs and experiences with regard to dating, sexuality, and alcohol increase the likelihood that a man would misperceive a female companion's sexual intentions, and that this misperception would lead to sexual assault. Self-administered, anonymous surveys were conducted with a representative sample of 814 men at a large urban university. Twenty-six percent of these men reported perpetrating sexual assault. The results of structural equation modeling analyses provided support for the model. Suggestions are made for a more dyadic and dynamic mode of research on this problem, as well as for the development of sexual assault prevention and treatment programs for men.
A Framework for Learning from Distributed Data Using Sufficient Statistics and Its Application to Learning Decision Trees

This paper motivates and precisely formulates the problem of learning from distributed data; describes a general strategy for transforming traditional machine learning algorithms into algorithms for learning from distributed data; demonstrates the application of this strategy to devise algorithms for decision tree induction from distributed data; and identifies the conditions under which the algorithms in the distributed setting are superior to their centralized counterparts in terms of time and communication complexity; The resulting algorithms are provably exact in that the decision tree constructed from distributed data is identical to that obtained in the centralized setting. Some natural extensions leading to algorithms for learning from heterogeneous distributed data and learning under privacy constraints are outlined.
Early Decision Making in Continuous Speech

In everyday life, speech is all around us, on the radio, television, and in human-human interaction. Communication using speech is easy. Of course, in order to communicate via speech, speech recognition is essential. Most theories of human speech recognition (HSR; Gaskell and Marslen-Wilson, 1997; Luce et al., 2000; McClelland and Elman, 1986; Norris, 1994) assume that human listeners first map the incoming acoustic signal onto prelexical representations (e.g., in the form of phonemes or features) and that these resulting discrete symbolic representations are then matched against corresponding symbolic representations of the words in an internal lexicon. Psycholinguistic experiments have shown that listeners are able to recognise (long and frequent) words reliably even before the corresponding acoustic signal is complete (Marslen-Wilson, 1987). According to theories of HSR, listeners compute a word activation measure (indicating the extent to which a word is activated based on the speech signal and the context) as the speech comes in and can make a decision as soon as the activation of a word is high enough, possibly before all acoustic information of the word is available (Marslen-Wilson, 1987; Marslen-Wilson and Tyler, 1980; Radeau et al., 2000). The “reliable identification of spoken words, in utterance contexts, before sufficient acoustic-phonetic information has become available to allow correct identification on that basis alone” is referred to as early selection by Marslen-Wilson (1987). In general terms, automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems operate in a way not unlike human speech recognition. However there are two major differences between human and automatic speech recognition. First of all, most mainstream ASR systems avoid an explicit representation of the prelexical level to prevent premature decisions that may incur irrecoverable errors. More importantly, ASR systems postpone final decisions about the identity of the recognised word (sequence) as long as possible, i.e., until additional input data can no longer affect the hypotheses. This too is done in order to avoid premature decisions, the results of which may affect the recognition of following words. In more technical terms: ASR systems use an integrated search inspired by basic Bayesian decision theory and aimed at avoiding decisions that must be revoked due to additional evidence. The competition between words in human speech recognition, on the other hand, is not necessarily always fully open; under some conditions an educated guess is made about the identity of the word being spoken, followed by a shallow verification. This means that the winning word might be chosen before the offset of the acoustic realisation of the word, thus while other viable competing paths are still available. Apparently, humans are willing to take risks that cannot be justified by Bayesian decision theory.
Expression of ptsG, the gene for the major glucose PTS transporter in Escherichia coli, is repressed by Mlc and induced by growth on glucose

The gene for the glucose‐specific transporter of the phosphotransferase system, ptsG, is expressed from two promoters separated by 141 bp. The expression of the major, shorter transcript is very strongly dependent upon cAMP/CAP. However, unlike other CAP‐activated genes, the expression of ptsG is higher in glucose media than in glycerol, implying that ptsG is controlled by a glucose‐inducible regulator. A mutation in the mlc gene greatly enhances ptsG expression in a glycerol‐grown culture but has no effect on ptsG expression during growth on glucose. The mlc gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that has been shown to affect the expression of manXYZ and malT. ptsG mRNA levels are lower in the mlc strain grown on glucose than in the same strain grown on glycerol. This is presumably because of the greater catabolite repression in the glucose culture than in glycerol. The final level of expression of ptsG in a mlc+ strain in glucose is a compromise between specific induction by glucose and generalized catabolite repression. The result is that ptsG expression is very similar in glucose‐grown cultures of wild‐type and mlc strains. The Mlc protein binds to two sites centred at −6 and −175 upstream of the major ptsG transcript. CAP binds at −40.5 compared with this site, typical of class II CAP‐regulated promoters, and the binding of CAP and Mlc is co‐operative.
Role of Nicotine GUM and Pretreatment Depressive Symptoms in Smoking Cessation: Twelve-Month Results of a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial

Objective: The aim was to investigate the role of nicotine gum and pre-treatment depressive symptoms in long-term smoking cessation. Methods: 12-month follow-up of 608 participants within a randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Participants received brief counseling plus nicotine or placebo treatment. Based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale pre-treatment score (≥ 16), 32% of the participants were classified as depressed at baseline. Results: At the 12-month follow-up the non-depressed participants with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were most successful (20.1%), while the depressed ones with placebo were least successful (5.7%) (p = .004). However, the depressed participants with NRT (15.1%) were not significantly less successful than the non-depressed ones with NRT (20.1%, p = .23). Survival analysis showed significant depression (p = .01) and treatment effects (p = < .001) on the abstinence. Further, when adjusted for marital status and education, the treatment effect remained significant (p < .001), whereas the depression effect became non-significant (p = .08). Conclusions: NRT improved cessation both among the depressed and non-depressed. To understand discrepancies in literature reporting depression and smoking cessation outcome, the pharmacological treatment modality and social-demographic variables should be examined as additional variables.
Diffusion of calcium ions in retinal rods. A theoretical calculation

The Fick diffusion equation is combined with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the relevant equations from the Gouy-Chapman theory of the electrical diffuse double layer to demonstrate that the effective diffusion coefficient of calcium ions, both in the cytoplasm of the rod outer segment and within the aqueous space bounded by the disk membrane, should be reduced by a factor of 10-100 because these ions adsorb to phospholipids present in the disk membrane.
Transaction Based Modeling and Verification of Hardware Protocols

Modeling hardware through atomic guard/action transitions with interleaving semantics is popular, owing to the conceptual clarity of modeling and verifying the high level behavior of hardware. In mapping such specifications into hardware, designers often decompose each specification transition into sequences of implementation transitions taking one clock cycle each. Some implementation transitions realizing a specification transition overlap. The implementation transitions realizing different specification transitions can also overlap. We present a formal theory of refinement, showing how a collection of such implementation transitions can be shown to realize a specification. We present a modular refinement verification approach by developing abstraction and assume-guarantee principles that allow implementation transitions realizing a single specification transition to be situated in sufficiently general environments. Illustrated on a non-trivial VHDL cache coherence engine, our work may allow designers to design high performance controllers without being constrained by fixed automated synthesis scripts, and still conduct modular verification.
Automated recognition of complex categorical emotions from facial expressions and head motions

Classifying complex categorical emotions has been a relatively unexplored area of affective computing. We present a classifier trained to recognize 18 complex emotion categories. A leave-one-out training approach was used on 181 acted videos from the EU-Emotion Stimulus Set. Performance scores for the 18-choice classification problem were AROC = 0.84, 2AFC = 0.84, F1 = 0.33, Accuracy = 0.47. On a simplified 6-choice classification problem, the classifier had an accuracy of 0.64 compared with the validated human accuracy of 0.74. The classifier has been integrated into an expression training interface which gives meaningful feedback to humans on their portrayal of complex emotions through face and head movements. This work has applications as an intervention for Autism Spectrum Conditions.
The Problem of Activity in the History of Soviet Psychology

The following text is a transcribed version of a talk given by A. N. Leon'-tev on 11 March 1976 at a meeting of the Problem Council on the Theory and History of Psychology attached to the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences at the Academys Institute of General and Pedagogical Psychology.
Myosin-II reorganization during mitosis is controlled temporally by its dephosphorylation and spatially by Mid1 in fission yeast

Cytokinesis in many eukaryotes requires an actomyosin contractile ring. Here, we show that in fission yeast the myosin-II heavy chain Myo2 initially accumulates at the division site via its COOH-terminal 134 amino acids independently of F-actin. The COOH-terminal region can access to the division site at early G2, whereas intact Myo2 does so at early mitosis. Ser1444 in the Myo2 COOH-terminal region is a phosphorylation site that is dephosphorylated during early mitosis. Myo2 S1444A prematurely accumulates at the future division site and promotes formation of an F-actin ring even during interphase. The accumulation of Myo2 requires the anillin homologue Mid1 that functions in proper ring placement. Myo2 interacts with Mid1 in cell lysates, and this interaction is inhibited by an S1444D mutation in Myo2. Our results suggest that dephosphorylation of Myo2 liberates the COOH-terminal region from an intramolecular inhibition. Subsequently, dephosphorylated Myo2 is anchored by Mid1 at the medial cortex and promotes the ring assembly in cooperation with F-actin.
Embedded Ring-Type Inductors Modeling With Application to Induction Heating Systems

We derive integral expressions of the equivalent impedance of ring-type coils for induction heating systems. These expressions are obtained by integrating the analytical solution of the field generated by a circular filamentary current placed between two linear and homogeneous semi-infinite media. Constant current density is assumed for the coils, since they are wound with an appropriate Litz wire. The model also gives the magnetic field in the cross section of the windings, which is necessary to calculate the proximity losses in the cables. The solution is given in terms of Bessel function integrals, showing an improvement of the convergence with respect to the filamentary model solution. We constructed several prototypes having different turns and layers and tested them with different substrates. Our measurements confirm the validity of the analytical models.
Complex analysis of cyclin D1 expression in mantle cell lymphoma: two cyclin D1-negative cases detected

Background and Aim: The cytogenetic and diagnostic hallmark of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32), resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 expression was analysed in 32 cases of MCL. Methods: The t(11;14) translocation was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, level of cyclin D1 mRNA by competitive RT-PCR, and level of cyclin D1 and D2 proteins by immunohistochemistry and/or immunoblotting. Results: In 30 cases, the presence of translocation t(11;14), a high level of cyclin D1 mRNA, and a high level of the cyclin D1 protein were confirmed. Two cyclin D1-negative cases overexpressing cyclin D2 were detected by immunoblotting. Conclusions: There are rare cyclin D1-negative cases of MCL overexpressing cyclin D2. Anti-cyclin D1 antibodies with low specificity can bind both cyclin D1 and cyclin D2, thus providing false cyclin D1-positive signals in immunohistochemical analysis.
New high-speed (Al, Ga) as modulation doped field-effect transistors

Recent advances in the fabrication technology of compound semiconductors have made possible the development of a new type of device called the modulation doped field-effect transistor (MODFET) which is capable of higher speeds than conventional FETs because its conduction electrons can move faster. These higher electron velocities in MODFETs are due to the fact that the electrons are spatially separated from ionized donors which leads to a reduction in scattering. By utilizing this enhanced velocity in real devices, substantial performance improvements in both microwave and digital circuits have been obtained. Subnanosecond access times for 1 Kb static random access memory and frequency division at 13 GHz have been obtained in MODFET-based digital circuits. In the microwave area, MODFETs show great promise in low-noise amplifier applications, as noise figures for MODFETs operated at 300K are below 0.6 dB at 8 GHz.