Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis Induction of SKOV-3 Ovarian Cancer Cells from Pacing Rhizome (Costus speciosus) Through the Modulation of BAX and P53 Genes Expression

Costus speciosus or Pacing has been investigated to have cytotoxic effect on several human cancer cells. Current was conducted to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of the Pacing rhizome (EP) on SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells, to investigate EP’s effect on BAX and p53 expression, and predict the inhibition activity on intrinsic pathway. EP were extracted using maceration method with 70% ethanol. The cytotoxic effect was performed using MTT Assay with various concentrations (375 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 62.5 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, and 7.8125 μg/mL). The ability of EP to induce apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells was measured using flow cytometry. The BAX and p53 gene expressions on SKOV-3 cells were detected with RT-qPCR after treatment of EP with concentrations of ¼ IC50, ½ IC50, and IC50. The ability of diosgenin to interact with BAX and p53 can be seen from the interaction with the MCL-1 protein and was predicted with molecular docking. The results showed that IC50 of cytotoxic activity was 69.143 μg/mL. EP could induce apoptosis on SKOV-3 cells and can induce BAX and p53 protein expressions. The docking results show that diosgenin has the potential to act as an antagonist for the MCL-1 protein, it can increase apoptosis.Keywords: apoptotic, Costus speciosus extract, SKOV-3, p53, BAX.
A Study of the Influence of ESG Performance, Social Influence, Facilitating Conditions, Hedonic Motivation, Price Value and Habit on Tourists’ Behavioural Intentions towards Sports Complexes

This study aims to determine the structural relationships between environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance in sports complexes, along with external factors and motivations (social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, habit), with tourists’ behavioural intentions. Design/Method/Approach: To achieve this, a web- based survey was conducted, and after eliminating outliers, data from a total of 541 responses were analysed using the SPSS and AMOS statistical software packages. Findings: The research findings indicate a positive correlation between environmental and social performance in sports complexes, along with external factors and motivations (social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, habit), and tourists’ behavioural intentions. Hedonic motivation and habit have been identified as the most crucial. Additionally, past experience moderates the impact of social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value and habit on tourists’ intentions. Conclusions/Recommendation: This study suggests that enhancing tourists’ hedonic motivation and cultivating consumer habits are crucial for improving tourists’ intentions to visit sports complexes. Furthermore, efforts should be directed towards improving sports complexes’ environmental and social performance, enhancing the social environment and convenience, and increasing their cost- effectiveness to boost tourist intention. Originality/Value: This research represents a significant revision of the UTAUT2 model, expanding its applicability. Moreover, it is the first attempt to employ ESG theory to explain tourists’ behavioural intentions in sports complexes.
A Review of Thunderstorm Trends across Southern Ontario, Canada

Abstract Despite their potential impact, trends in thunderstorm occurrence in Canada have not received scientific scrutiny, one of the reasons for this likely being lack of data availability. A previous study showed thunderstorm observations at eight staffed weather stations in southern Ontario, Canada, to be accurate for distances within 10 km. We used hourly thunderstorm data from these stations and one additional station to determine whether a trend exists in the thunderstorm record in this region. A Mann-Kendall test and Theil-Sen approach determined that although some stations do have trends in number of thunderstorm hours per year over this time, a consistent increase in the number of thunderstorms that might be expected in a warming climate is not seen. Daily precipitation totals and maximum wind gust speeds were also used as proxies for thunderstorm intensity, neither of which confirmed an increase in the intensity of thunderstorms at these sites over the time period.
Planetary wave variability of Sq currents

The E region wind dynamo is a key linkage in atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling, but relatively little is known about variability of the corresponding E region currents in terms of connections with atmosphere dynamics. In this paper we analyze ground magnetic variations ΔB during 2009 at two midlatitude stations to reveal planetary wave (PW) periodicities near those of well‐known atmospheric normal modes, i.e., 5, 10, and 16 days. In the neutral atmosphere these waves are westward propagating with zonal wave number s = 1. The two stations are at the same magnetic latitude and are nearly conjugate in longitude, which leads to following new insights: First, the amplitude and phase variations between the two stations do not conform to simple westward propagating waves with zonal wave number s = 1, implying that the underlying physics is more complex, in part due to modulation by the predominantly s = 1 longitude‐dependent magnetic field. There is also compelling evidence that much ΔB variability near PW periods arises through the product of solar‐controlled conductivity and PW‐related electric field in the expression for electric current, mainly arising from solar radiation periodicities longer than the solar rotation period. For instance, interactions between solar periodicities in conductivity near 53d and 83d and PW periodicities in total electric field yield secondary peaks in the ΔB spectrum that contribute to its variability at periods less than 20d. In fact, most of the observed ΔB variability arises from these two latter sources, rather than directly from the original driving PW oscillations.
Applications of Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Geomorphology

High-resolution landform data have become widely available in parallel with the technical revolution in topographic measurements, particularly those related to laser scanning technology. Aerial laser scanning (ALS) has become popular for taking basic topographic measurements and has been frequently applied to geoscientifi c studies in recent decades. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is applied to geosciences less frequently and is mostly limited to Europe and North America, although in countries such as Japan it may permit detection of rapid topographic changes under a humid, tectonically active environment. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the current situation of TLS applications in geomorphology and related sciences, and to illuminate the future directions of such applications. First, the principles of TLS methodology, including the basics of taking fi eld measurements and post-processing TLS data are briefl y explained. Then, some case studies on the use of TLS in geomorphology are reviewed. The examples relate to collapses of sea cliffs, landslides and debris fl ows, sedimentation of fl uvial deposits, soil erosion, and tectonic activity of faults. Then, some issues related to the acquisition, processing, and analysis of TLS-derived point cloud data and digital elevation models (DEMs) with a higher resolution than traditional methods are pointed out. Accuracy and resolution issues are particularly crucial, because selecting appropriate scales for a target material is often directly related to the results of analyses, and appropriate scales should be taken into consideration before acquiring TLS data in the fi eld. This means that a higher resolution is not always better in relation to the scales of target landforms and measurement accuracy. Time-series assessment, which is the most typical and fundamental analysis using such high-resolution data, also strictly depends on measurement accuracy. Robust analyses of TLS-derived high-resolution point clouds and DEMs are also examined. Various analytical methodologies not only for the morphology of Earth surfaces such as roughness, but also other elements including the intensities and waveforms of laser returns need to be developed. To expand the use of TLS in geomorphology and geosciences, systems for sharing well-formatted high-resolution datasets, data processing tools, and instruments should also be established.
Efficient Image Coding and Transmission in Deep Space Communication

The usefulness of modern digital communication comes from ensuring the data from a source arrives to its destination quickly and correctly. To meet these demands, communication protocols employ data compression and error detection/correction to ensure compactness and accuracy of the data, especially for critical scientific data which requires the use of lossless compression. For example, in deep space communication, information received from satellites to ground stations on Earth come in huge volumes captured with high precision and resolution by space mission instruments, such as Hubble Space Telescope (HST). On-board implementation of communication protocols poses numerous constraints and demands on the high performance given the criticality of data and a high cost of a space mission, including data values. The objectives of this study are to determine which data compression techniques yields the a) minimum data volumes, b) most error resilience, and c) utilize the least amount and power of hardware resources. For this study, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) will serve as the main component for building the circuitry for each source coding technique. Furthermore, errors are induced based on studies of reported errors rates in deep space communication channels to test for error resilience. Finally, the calculation of resource utilization of the source encoder determines the power and computational usage. Based on the analysis of the error resilience and the characteristics of errors, the requirements to the channel coding are formulated.
Experimental Identification of Cross-Reacting IgG Hotspots to Predict Existing Immunity Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by a New Biotechnological Application of Phage Display

Multiple pathogens are competing against the human immune response, leading to outbreaks that are increasingly difficult to control. For example, the SARS-CoV-2 virus continually evolves, giving rise to new variants. The ability to evade the immune system is a crucial factor contributing to the spread of these variants within the human population. With the continuous emergence of new variants, it is challenging to comprehend all the possible combinations of previous infections, various vaccination types, and potential exposure to new variants in an individual patient. Rather than conducting variant-to-variant comparisons, an efficient approach could involve identifying key protein regions associated with the immune evasion of existing immunity against the virus. In this study, we propose a new biotechnological application of bacteriophages, the phage display platform for experimental identification of regions (linear epitopes) that may function as cross-reacting IgG hotspots in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. A total of 34,949 epitopes derived from genomes of all SARS-CoV-2 variants deposited prior to our library design were tested in a single assay. Cross-reacting IgG hotspots are protein regions frequently recognized by cross-reacting antibodies in many variants. The assay facilitated the one-step identification of immunogenic regions of proteins that effectively induced specific IgG in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We identified four regions demonstrating both significant immunogenicity and the activity of a cross-reacting IgG hotspot in protein S (located at NTD, RBD, HR1, and HR2/TM domains) and two such regions in protein N (at 197–280 and 358–419 aa positions). This novel method for identifying cross-reacting IgG hotspots holds promise for informing vaccine design and serological diagnostics for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Application of an improved video-based depth inversion technique to a macrotidal sandy beach

Erwin Willem Johan Bergsma Application of an improved video-based depth inversion technique to a macrotidal sandy beach Storm conditions are considered the dominating erosional mechanism for the coastal zone. Morphological changes during storms are hard to measure due to energetic environmental conditions. Surveys are therefore mostly executed right after a storm on a local scale over a single or few storms [days to weeks]. The impact of a single storm might depend on the preceding sequence of storms. Here, a video camera system is deployed in the South-West of England at the beach of Porthtowan to observe and assess short-term storm impact and long-term recovery. The morphological change is observed with a state-of-the-art video-based depth estimation tool that is based on the linear dispersion relationship between depth and wave celerity (cBathy). This work shows the first application of this depth estimation tool in a highly energetic macrotidal environment. Within this application two sources of first-order inaccuracies are identified: 1) camera related issues on the camera boundaries and 2) fixed pixel location for all tidal elevations. These systematic inaccuracies are overcome by 1) an adaptive pixel collection scheme and camera boundary solution and 2) freely moving pixels. The solutions together result in a maximum RMS-error reduction of 60%. From October 2013 to February 2015 depths are hourly estimated during daylight. This period included, the 2013-2014 winter season which was the most energetic winter since wave records began. Inter-tidal beach surveys show 200 m3/m erosion while the sub-tidal video derived bathymetries show a sediment loss of around 20 m3/m. At the same time the sub-tidal (outer) bar changes from 3D to linear due to a significant increase in alongshore wave power during storm conditions. Complex-EOF based storm-by-storm impact reveals that the individual storm impact at Porthtowan can be described as a combined function of storm-integrated incident offshore wave power [P] and disequilibrium [∆Ω] and that the tidal range has limited effect on the storm impact. The interand sub-tidal domain together gain volume over the 2013-2014 winter and the two domains show an interactive inverse behaviour indicating sediment exchange during relatively calm summer conditions. The inter-tidal domain shows accelerated accretion during more energetic conditions in fall 2014. The outer bar slowly migrated onshore until more energetic wave conditions activate the sub-tidal storm deposits and 3 dimensionality is reintroduced. The inter-tidal beach shows full recovery in November 2014, 8 months after the stormy winter.
Noah‐MP‐Crop: Introducing dynamic crop growth in the Noah‐MP land surface model

Croplands are important in land‐atmosphere interactions and in the modification of local and regional weather and climate; however, they are poorly represented in the current version of the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting/Noah with multiparameterization (Noah‐MP) land surface modeling system. This study introduced dynamic corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) growth simulations and field management (e.g., planting date) into Noah‐MP and evaluated the enhanced model (Noah‐MP‐Crop) at field scales using crop biomass data sets, surface heat fluxes, and soil moisture observations. Compared to the generic dynamic vegetation and prescribed‐leaf area index (LAI)‐driven methods in Noah‐MP, the Noah‐MP‐Crop showed improved performance in simulating leaf area index (LAI) and crop biomass. This model is able to capture the seasonal and annual variability of LAI and to differentiate corn and soybean in peak values of LAI as well as the length of growing seasons. Improved simulations of crop phenology in Noah‐MP‐Crop led to better surface heat flux simulations, especially in the early period of growing season where current Noah‐MP significantly overestimated LAI. The addition of crop yields as model outputs expand the application of Noah‐MP‐Crop to regional agriculture studies. There are limitations in the use of current growing degree days (GDD) criteria to predict growth stages, and it is necessary to develop a new method that combines GDD with other environmental factors, to more accurately define crop growth stages. The capability introduced in Noah‐MP allows further crop‐related studies and development.
Influencing Firm Value: Profitability, Capital Structure, and Ownership in Indonesian Mining Companies

This study examines the impact of profitability, capital structure, and managerial ownership on firm value, with firm size as a control variable. The study population consists of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2021, with 100 samples obtained through purposive sampling. The analysis technique employed panel regression analysis. The results indicate that profitability and capital structure have a significant positive effect on firm value, while managerial ownership has a negative significant effect on firm value. These findings have implications for mining companies in Indonesia to focus on improving profitability to enhance firm value.
RACFIS: A New Rapid Adaptive Complex Fuzzy Inference System for Regression Modelling

The theory of complex fuzzy sets has made great breakthroughs in recent times. Complex fuzzy theory (CFT) allows a fuzzy set to include more information with the help of its two-dimensional rule-base, which is of great potential for improving the related fuzzy system performance while managing the size of the associated rule-bases. In this paper, a new rapid adaptive complex fuzzy inference system (RACFIS) is proposed by redesigning the optimization policy of the earlier complex neuro-fuzzy system (CNFS) algorithm. Improvements include a new three-parameter Quasi-hyperbolic momentum (QHM) optimization method to replace the original particle swarm optimization (PSO), and unsupervised learning is introduced, for the first time, into the complex neuro-fuzzy model to pre-train the antecedent parameters for a better global optimum as well as a faster convergence. Experimental results show that RACFIS performs very well on all data sets, obtaining excellent prediction accuracies with on average 10 times lower epoch numbers (as compared with all benchmark models) and a reduction in the size of the rule-bases by nearly 20$\%$$\sim 30\%$ (as compared with non-complex fuzzy models). RACFIS also possesses a strong generalization capability that outperforms all the benchmark algorithms employed in the simulation experiments. In addition, a mean impact value (MIV) algorithm based on radial basis function (RBF) network is also employed to select variables with higher relevance in order to mitigate the drawbacks caused by the higher dimensionality of the data.
Making Sense of Consciousness as Integrated Information: Evolution and Issues of Integrated Information Theory

The purpose of this article is to provide an overall critical appraisal of Integrated Information Theory (IIT) of consciousness. We explore how it has evolved and what problems are involved in the theory. IIT is a hypothesis that explains the consciousness in terms of integrated information. It argues that the fundamental properties of experience can be properly analyzed and explained by physical systems’ informational properties. Throughout the last decade, there have been many advances in IIT’s theoretical structure and mathematical model. Also, like all hypotheses in the field of science of consciousness, IIT has given rise to several controversies and issues. In this context, IIT needs a critical survey. To this end, we first introduce fundamental concepts of IIT and related issues. After that, we discuss major transitions IIT has been through and point out related intra-model issues. Finally, in the last section, some theoretical, extra-model issues involved in IIT’s principles are presented. The article concludes by suggesting that, for the sake of future development, IIT should take metacognitive accessibility to experience more seriously.
The Effect of Dividends and Capital Gains on Underlying Assets in Green Sukuk

Underlying assets are one of the required instruments for issuing sukuk to attract investors to invest in the Sharia capital market. Green sukuk is one of the sharia investment instruments issued by companies for retail sukuk products and has the aim of obtaining funding through debt securities or securities to encourage the company's growth and development performance through underlying assets. This research aims to determine the effect of dividends and capital gains on the underlying assets in retail sukuk. This research method uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. In collecting data, the random sampling method was used, where the research determined the number of samples using the Slovin method to know the number of samples and determine the sample categories for distributing questionnaires. The results of dividend research do have a significant influence on underlying assets. Based on the graph, dividend distribution has increased every year, thereby influencing the growth performance of underlying assets. A company will be said to be good if the income it earns is greater than its expenses, so it affects the company's assets. While capital gains also have a significant effect on the underlying assets in retail sukuk, it does not rule out the possibility that they will be influenced by other factors that are related to capital gains. Underlying aset merupakan salah satu instrumen yang diperlukan dalam penerbitan sukuk untuk menarik minat investor berinvestasi di pasar modal syariah. Green sukuk merupakan salah satu instrumen investasi syariah yang diterbitkan perusahaan untuk produk sukuk ritel dan bertujuan untuk memperoleh pendanaan melalui surat utang atau surat berharga untuk mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kinerja perusahaan melalui aset yang mendasarinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dividen dan capital gain terhadap underlying asset pada sukuk ritel. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data digunakan metode random sampling, dimana penelitian menentukan jumlah sampel dengan menggunakan metode Slovin untuk mengetahui jumlah sampel dan menentukan kategori sampel untuk penyebaran kuesioner. Hasil penelitian dividen memang mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap aset dasar. Berdasarkan grafik, pembagian dividen mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya sehingga mempengaruhi kinerja pertumbuhan aset dasar. Suatu perusahaan akan dikatakan baik apabila pendapatan yang diperoleh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pengeluarannya, sehingga mempengaruhi kekayaan perusahaan. Meskipun capital gain juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aset dasar sukuk ritel, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan hal tersebut akan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang terkait dengan capital gain.