Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interface Building for Software by Modular Three-Valued Abstraction Refinement

Verification of software systems is a very hard problem due to the large size of program state-space. The traditional techniques (like model checking) do not scale; since they include the whole state-space by inlining the library function codes. Current research avoids these problem by creating a lightweight representation of the library in form of an "interface graph" (call sequence graph). In this paper we introduce a new algorithm to compute a safe, permissive interface graph for C-type functions. In this modular analysis, each function transition is summarized following three-valued abstraction semantics. There are two kinds of abstraction used here. The global abstraction contains predicates over global variables only; however the local abstraction inside each function may also contain the local variables. The abstract summary needs refinement to guarantee safety and permissiveness. We have implemented the algorithms in TICC tool and compared this algorithm with some related interface generation algorithms. We also discuss the application of interface as an offline test-suite. We create an interface from the model program (specification) and the interface will act as a test-suite for the new implementation-under-test (IUT).
Performance of Multiband OFDM In IEEE UWB Channel Models

CHALMERS i ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to our supervisor and examiner Prof. Arne Svensson, for offering us this great opportunity to experiment in this interesting and active area of research. Our Thanks also go to our supervisor Mr. Matts-Ola Wessman for his continuous support and guidance, and most of all for his great help in performing the computer simulations for the convolutional codes where his own simulator was used; otherwise this thesis work may have never been done in this amount of time. We are also very grateful to Mr. Florent Munier for his support and his willingness to help us whenever we needed help while he was very busy with his own work. We would like to congratulate Mr. Matts-Ola Wessman for his newly born beautiful little girl. We wish him and his family all the happiness. Last but not least, our deep gratitude goes to our families for their help, support and encouragement that went on throughout the years. Without them, we truly cannot be here today and we may have never been able to achieve what we have accomplished so far. iii iv ABSTRACT This study is about investigating the performance of multiband-OFDM in IEEE UWB channel models. The channel model was prepared by the IEEE P802.15 working group for wireless personal area networks (WPAN). The channel model allows the choice between four different wireless multipath channel situations (CM1, CM2, CM3, CM4), which differ in terms of the distance separation between the transmitter and the receiver and whether the direct path between them is obstructed or not. Multiband-OFDM is used as a way to transmit information over the license exempted band between 3.1 and 10.6 Ghz, which is reserved for the use by UWB devices. OFDM offers several advantages like high spectral efficiency, inherent resistance to narrowband interference and robustness in multipath environments. The performance of the uncoded multiband-OFDM system is evaluated with perfect and least square (LS) channel estimation techniques carried out at the receiver. Each channel estimation technique is studied both with the absence and presence of a 3 dB shadowing factor in the channel model. The uncoded system delivers an information bit rate of 640 Mbits/sec. It is found out that the system performance when perfect channel estimation is used and when no shadowing is present, is comparable to that in Rayleigh fading channels for all …
Program Navigation Analysis to Support Task-aware Software Development Environments

Performing a software modification requires a developer to investigate a program to find and understand the code relevant to the modification task. Although standard program investigation tools can help developers in this activity, developers often get lost in the complex web of information available about a program. To address this problem we propose to use program navigation analysis, a technique to record and analyze the actions of a developer using a software development environment in order to infer the current task and the subset of a program relevant to this task. Our hypothesis is that we can use the results of program navigation analysis to dynamically configure the interface of a software development environment in a way that alleviates the problems of disorientation experienced by developers. In this paper, we define program navigation analysis and present an overview of its underpinnings, summarize our experience with the technique, highlight important techni cal challenges, and discuss the benefits that can be reaped from use of the technique.
Extracting Information from Options Markets: Smiles, State-Price Densities and Risk Aversion

In this paper, recent techniques of estimating implied information from derivatives markets are presented and applied empirically to the French derivatives market. We determine nonparametric implied volatility functions, state–price densities and historical densities from a high–frequency CAC 40 stock index option dataset. Moreover, we construct an estimator of the risk aversion function implied by the joint observation of the cross–section of option prices and time–series of underlying asset value. We report a decreasing implied volatility curve with the moneyness of the option. The estimated relative risk aversion functions are positive and globally consistent with the decreasing relative risk aversion assumption.
Growing Self-Organizing Maps for Data Analysis

Currently, there exist many research areas that produce large multivariable datasets that are difficult to visualize in order to extract useful information. Kohonen self organizing maps have been used successfully in the visualization and analysis of multidimensional data. In this work, a projection technique that compresses multidimensional datasets into two dimensional space using growing self-organizing maps is described. With this embedding scheme, traditional Kohonen visualization methods have been implemented using growing cell structures networks. New graphical map display have been compared with Kohonen graphs using two groups of simulated data and one group of real multidimensional data selected from a satellite scene.
An EÆcient Symbolic Out-of-Core Solution Method for Markov Models ?

In recent years, disk-based approaches to the analysis of Markov models have proved to be an e ective method of combating the state space explosion problem. Coupled with parallel and symbolic techniques, disk-based methods have demonstrated impressive performance for numerical solution. In an earlier paper, we presented a novel, symbolic out-of-core algorithm which used MTBDD-based data structures for matrix storage in RAM and disk-based storage for solution vectors. This extended the size of models which could be solved on a standard workstation. This paper reports on a signi cant improvement to our earlier work obtained by using an alternative scheme for decomposing the matrix into blocks. We present experimental results for three benchmark models, a Kanban manufacturing system, a cyclic server polling system and a exible manufacturing system, and analyse the performance of our implementation. In general, we double the speed of numerical solution. We report results for models as large as 216 million states and 2:1 billion transitions on a workstation with 512MB RAM.
Approximating Integer Programs withPositive Right-hand

1 Department of Computer and Information S ien e, Linköpings universitet, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden 2 É ole polyte hnique, Laboratoire d'informatique (LIX), 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, Fran e Abstra t. We study minimisation of integer linear programs with positive right-hand sides. We show that su h programs an be approximated within the maximum absolute row sum of the onstraint matrix A whenever the variables are allowed to take values in N. This result is optimal under the unique games onje ture. When the variables are restri ted to bounded domains, we show that nding a feasible solution is NP-hard in almost all ases. 1 Introdu tion We study the approximability of minimising integer linear programs with positive right-hand sides. Let n and m be positive integers, representing the number of variables and the number of inequalities, respe tively. Let x = (x1, . . . , xn) be a ve tor of n variables, A be an integer m×n matrix, b ∈ (Z+)m, and c ∈ (Q+∪{0})n. Finally, let X be some given subset of Nn. We onsider here various restri tions of the following integer linear program: Minimise cx subje t to Ax ≥ b, x ∈ X. (IP) Typi ally, X is either N or {x ∈ Z | 0 ≤ x ≤ d} for some d ∈ (Z+)n, where the inequalities are to hold omponentwise. A ommonly o urring instan e of the latter ase is when X = {0, 1}n, soalled 0-1 programming. In all but very restri ted ases, (IP) is
A coarse-grained multicomputer algorithm for the longest common subsequence problem

The paper presents a coarse-grained multicomputer algorithm that solves the Longest Common Subsequence Problem. This algorithm can be implemented in the CGM with P processors in O(N/sup 2//P) in time and O(P) communication steps. It is the first CGM algorithm for this problem. We present also experimental results showing that the CGM algorithm is very efficient.
High resolution depth distribution of Bacteria, Archaea, methanotrophs, and methanogens in the bulk and rhizosphere soils of a flooded rice paddy

The communities and abundances of methanotrophs and methanogens, along with the oxygen, methane, and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations, were investigated along a depth gradient in a flooded rice paddy. Broad patterns in vertical profiles of oxygen, methane, TOC, and microbial abundances were similar in the bulk and rhizosphere soils, though methane and TOC concentrations and 16S rRNA gene copies were clearly higher in the rhizosphere soil than in the bulk soil. Oxygen concentrations decreased sharply to below detection limits at 8 mm depth. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes showed that bacterial and archaeal communities varied according to the oxic, oxic-anoxic, and anoxic zones, indicating that oxygen is a determining factor for the distribution of bacterial and archaeal communities. Aerobic methanotrophs were maximally observed near the oxic-anoxic interface, while methane, TOC, and methanogens were highest in the rhizosphere soil at 30–200 mm depth, suggesting that methane is produced mainly from organic carbon derived from rice plants and is metabolized aerobically. The relative abundances of type I methanotrophs such as Methylococcus, Methylomonas, and Methylocaldum decreased more drastically than those of type II methanotrophs (such as Methylocystis and Methylosinus) with increasing depth. Methanosaeta and Methanoregula were predominant methanogens at all depths, and the relative abundances of Methanosaeta, Methanoregula, and Methanosphaerula, and GOM_Arc_I increased with increasing depth. Based on contrasts between absolute abundances of methanogens and methanotrophs at depths sampled across rhizosphere and bulk soils (especially millimeter-scale slices at the surface), we have identified populations of methanogens (Methanosaeta, Methanoregula, Methanocella, Methanobacterium, and Methanosphaerula), and methanotrophs (Methylosarcina, Methylococcus, Methylosinus, and unclassified Methylocystaceae) that are likely physiologically active in situ.
COMPARSION BETWEEN PHENOMENOLOGICAL AND EMPIRICAL MODELS FOR POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES CONTROL

Abstract In this work, linear, quadratic, and nonlinear empirical models were built and compared with a dynamic nonlinear phenomenological model with respect to the capability of predicting the melt index and polymer yield rate of a low density polyethylene production process. Based on steady-state gains and on known first and second order time constants of the process, the empirical models were generated using PLS, QPLS, and BTPLS methods in order to predict the system dynamics. As the quadratic model provided more reliable predictions, it was used as melt index virtual analyzer of an advanced control strategy for an industrial plant, improving the controller action and the polymer quality by reducing significantly the process variability.
Hepatitis B virus and its sexually transmitted infection - an update

Epidemiology: incidence and prevalence: About 5% of the world’s population has chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and nearly 25% of carriers develop chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of chronic HBV infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals is 5%-15%; HIV/HBV coinfected individuals have a higher level of HBV replication, with higher rates of chronicity, reactivation, occult infection, and HCC than individuals with HBV only. The prevalence of HBV genotype A is significantly higher among men who have sex with men (MSM), compared with the rest of the population. Molecular mechanisms of infection, pathology, and symptomatology: HBV replication begins with entry into the hepatocyte. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide was identified in 2012 as the entry receptor of HBV. Although chronic hepatitis B develops slowly, HIV/HBV coinfected individuals show more rapid progression to cirrhosis and HCC. Transmission and protection: The most common sources of HBV infection are body fluids. Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is recommended for all children and adolescents, and all unvaccinated adults at risk for HBV infection (sexually active individuals such as MSM, individuals with occupational risk, and immunosuppressed individuals). Although HB vaccination can prevent clinical infections (hepatitis), it cannot prevent 100% of subclinical infections. Treatment and curability: The goal of treatment is reducing the risk of complications (cirrhosis and HCC). Pegylated interferon alfa and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) are the current treatments for chronic HBV infection. NAs have improved the outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and HCC, and decreased the incidence of acute liver failure.
A Spatiotemporal Database to Track Human Scrub Typhus Using the VectorMap Application

Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal mite-borne febrile illness, primarily of the Asia-Pacific Rim. With an endemic area greater than 13 million km2 and millions of people at risk, scrub typhus remains an underreported, often misdiagnosed febrile illness. A comprehensive, updatable map of the true distribution of cases has been lacking, and therefore the true risk of disease within the very large endemic area remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to establish a database and map to track human scrub typhus. An online search using PubMed and the United States Armed Forces Pest Management Board Literature Retrieval System was performed to identify articles describing human scrub typhus cases both within and outside the traditionally accepted endemic regions. Using World Health Organization guidelines, stringent criteria were used to establish diagnoses for inclusion in the database. The preliminary screening of 181 scrub typhus publications yielded 145 publications that met the case criterion, 267 case records, and 13 serosurvey records that could be georeferenced, describing 13,739 probable or confirmed human cases in 28 countries. A map service has been established within VectorMap (www.vectormap.org) to explore the role that relative location of vectors, hosts, and the pathogen play in the transmission of mite-borne scrub typhus. The online display of scrub typhus cases in VectorMap illustrates their presence and provides an up-to-date geographic distribution of proven scrub typhus cases.
The Origins of Savings Behavior

Analyzing the savings behavior of a large sample of identical and fraternal twins, we find that genetic differences explain about 33 percent of the variation in savings propensities across individuals. Individuals are born with a persistent genetic predisposition to a specific savings behavior. Parenting contributes to the variation in savings rates among younger individuals, but its effect decays over time. The environment when growing up (e.g., parents’ wealth) moderates genetic effects. Finally, savings behavior is genetically correlated with income growth, smoking, and obesity, suggesting that the genetic component of savings behavior reflects genetic variation in time preferences or self-control.
Classification of Microarray Gene Expression Data by Gene Combinations using Fuzzy Logic (MGC-FL)

Feature selection has attracted a huge amount of interest in both research and application communities of data mining. Among the large amount of genes presented in gene expression data, only a small fraction of them is effective for performing a certain diagnostic test. Hence, one of the major tasks with the gene expression data is to find groups of co regulated genes whose collective expression is strongly associated with the sample categories or response variables. A framework is proposed in this paper to find informative gene combinations and to classify gene combinations belonging to its relevant subtype by using fuzzy logic. The genes are ranked based on their statistical scores and highly informative genes are filtered. Such genes are fuzzified to identify 2-gene and 3-gene combinations and the intermediate value for each gene is calculated to select top gene combinations to further classify gene lymphoma subtypes by using fuzzy rules. Finally the accuracy of top gene combinations is compared with clustering results. The classification is done using the gene combinations and it is analyzed to predict the accuracy of the results. The work is implemented using java language.
An Algorithm Research of Ground-Space Integrated Scheduling TT&amp;C Resources of Orbit Determination of GNSS Constellation

Space-based TT&C technology is an effective way to solve the problem of resources dissatisfaction of ground-based TT&C system. Based on the research of multi-satellites TT&C resources scheduling problem, this article proposes a normalized description for all types of resources which suitable for scheduling algorithm design; For the orbit determination tasks of satellites of GNSS `Beidou II', this article analyzes the constraints of this particular TT&C mode, and takes weighted TT&C time of satellite orbit determination tasks as target to establish space-ground integrated TT&C network scheduling model, then designs a scheduling algorithm based on concurrent ACO(ant colony algorithm). Simulation results show that, this scheduling strategy can effectively improve the determination tasks allocation efficiency, thus reducing the dependence of ground-based TT&C network.
The Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal Community in its 30th year

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the origins and development of the “ Design/methodology/approach - The investigation involved a selective review of the contents of Findings - The Research limitations/implications - The study does not examine the journal’s publication patterns nor assess in detail the research studies that have been published in the journal. Originality/value - The study recognises
A Generalized Bedrosian Theorem in Fractional Fourier Domain

In terms of the fractional Fourier transform and the generalized Hilbert transform, in this note, we prove the kernel function K-p (u,t) of the inverse fractional Fourier transform is a generalized analytic signal. Since there is a close relation between analytic signals and Bedrosian theorem, the generalized Bedrosian theorem is provided in the fractional Fourier domain
An Efficient FUSP-Tree Update Algorithm for Deleted Data in Customer Sequences

In the past, the fast-updated sequential-pattern tree (call FUSP-tree) structure was proposed for mining sequential patterns from a set of customer sequences. An incremental mining algorithm was also designed for handling newly added transactions. Since data may also be deleted in real applications, an FUSP-tree maintenance algorithm for deletion of customer sequences is thus proposed in this paper for reducing the execution time in reconstructing the tree. Experimental results also show that the proposed treeupdate algorithm has a good performance than the batch FUSP-tree algorithm for handling the deletion of customer sequences. The proposed tree-update algorithm thus makes the tree update process become easy and efficient.
Choosing and Using Introns in Molecular Phylogenetics

Introns are now commonly used in molecular phylogenetics in an attempt to recover gene trees that are concordant with species trees, but there are a range of genomic, logistical and analytical considerations that are infrequently discussed in empirical studies that utilize intron data. This review outlines expedient approaches for locus selection, overcoming paralogy problems, recombination detection methods and the identification and incorporation of LVHs in molecular systematics. A range of parsimony and Bayesian analytical approaches are also described in order to highlight the methods that can currently be employed to align sequences and treat indels in subsequent analyses. By covering the main points associated with the generation and analysis of intron data, this review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to using introns (or any non-coding nuclear data partition) in contemporary phylogenetics.
Regional Relationship between Macular Retinal Thickness and Corresponding Central Visual Field Sensitivity in Glaucoma Patients

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between macular retinal thickness (MRT) and central visual field sensitivity (VFS) in patients with glaucoma. Methods. This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma. All study patients underwent Humphrey 10-2 visual field (VF) test and Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) exam for MRT measurement. Results. Sixty-eight eyes of 68 patients were examined. The correlation coefficients between VFS and MRT were 0.331 (P = 0.006) and 0.491 (P = 0.000) in the superior and inferior hemispheres, respectively. The average MRT in the eyes with abnormal 10-2 VF hemifields was significantly thinner than that in the eyes without abnormal hemifields in both hemispheres (P = 0.005 and 0.000 in the superior and inferior hemisphere, resp.). The average MRT values with an optimal sensitivity-specificity balance for discriminating the abnormal VF hemifield from the normal hemifield were 273.5 μm and 255.5 μm in the superior and inferior hemisphere, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.701 in the superior hemisphere and 0.784 in the inferior hemisphere (both P < 0.05). Conclusions. MRT measured through SD-OCT was significantly correlated with central VFS. Lower MRT values might be a warning sign for central VF defects in glaucoma patients.
Examining the Effects of Task Instructions to Induce Implicit Theories of Intelligence on a Rational Thinking Task: A Cross-Cultural Study

In two experiments with Norwegian undergraduates and one experiment with US undergraduates, we examined the potential effects of brief task instructions aligned with incremental and entity views of intelligence on students’ performance on a rational thinking task. The research demonstrated that even brief one-shot task instructions that deliver a mindset about intelligence intervention can be powerful enough to affect students’ performance on such a task. This was only true for Norwegian male students, however. Moreover, it was the task instruction aligned with an entity theory of intelligence that positively affected Norwegian male students’ performance on the rational thinking task, with this unanticipated finding speaking to the context- and culture-specificity of implicit theories of intelligence interventions.