Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of community psychology in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand

Abstract Although the formal history of community psychology in both Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand has clear links with its history elsewhere, particularly in the United States, the subdiscipline has developed localised foci and forms of practice reflecting the cultural, political and historical underpinnings of these two countries. The climates within which community psychology emerged in the 1970s were distinctly local, resonating with debates around decolonisation and political realignment within the Asia Pacific region. The purpose of the present paper is to explore the separate developments of community psychology in Australia and New Zealand, and identify some shared concerns and achievements. At the core of community psychology in both countries are the emphasis on contextualised understandings of human behaviour and the primacy of social justice. In the future it seems likely that community psychology will develop close links with other emerging social science disciplines that espouse similar values and world views, and that community psychologists will consolidate networks with colleagues in Africa and the Asia Pacific, enabling a wider exchange of ideas and an expansion in the shared understandings of what characterises community psychology in the southern hemisphere.
Teaching About Women in World History

This article addresses the subject of teaching about women in world history in K–12 schools and in programs of social studies teacher education. It includes a review of the place of gender in teaching about world history to current and future teachers at Teachers College, Columbia University. This informal research serves as the platform for a set of recommendations concerning necessary steps for “gender-balancing” the world history curriculum in social studies teacher education.
Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology

This paper reviews the origins and definitions of social capital in the writings of Bourdieu, Loury, and Coleman, among other authors. It distinguishes four sources of social capital and examines their dynamics. Applications of the concept in the sociological literature emphasize its role in social control, in family support, and in benefits mediated by extrafamilial networks. I provide examples of each of these positive functions. Negative consequences of the same processes also deserve attention for a balanced picture of the forces at play. I review four such consequences and illustrate them with relevant examples. Recent writings on social capital have extended the concept from an individual asset to a feature of communities and even nations. The final sections describe this conceptual stretch and examine its limitations. I argue that, as shorthand for the positive consequences of sociability, social capital has a definite place in sociological theory. However, excessive extensions of the concept may j.
Role for Rab7 in maturation of late autophagic vacuoles

The small GTP binding protein Rab7 has a role in the late endocytic pathway and lysosome biogenesis. The role of mammalian Rab7 in autophagy is, however, unknown. We have addressed this by inhibiting Rab7 function with RNA interference and overexpression of dominant negative Rab7. We show here that Rab7 was needed for the formation of preferably perinuclear, large aggregates, where the autophagosome marker LC3 colocalised with Rab7 and late endosomal and lysosomal markers. By electron microscopy we showed that these large aggregates corresponded to autophagic vacuoles surrounding late endosomal or lysosomal vesicles. Our experiments with quantitative electron microscopy showed that Rab7 was not needed for the initial maturation of early autophagosomes to late autophagic vacuoles, but that it participated in the final maturation of late autophagic vacuoles. Finally, we showed that the recruitment of Rab7 to autophagic vacuoles was retarded in cells deficient in the lysosomal membrane proteins Lamp1 and Lamp2, which we have recently shown to accumulate late autophagic vacuoles during starvation. In conclusion, our results showed a role for Rab7 in the final maturation of late autophagic vacuoles.
The Science of Early Life Toxic Stress for Pediatric Practice and Advocacy

Young children who experience toxic stress are at high risk for a number of health outcomes in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease, cancers, asthma, and depression. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently called on pediatricians, informed by research from molecular biology, genomics, immunology, and neuroscience, to become leaders in science-based strategies to build strong foundations for children’s life-long health. In this report, we provide an overview of the science of toxic stress. We summarize the development of the neuroendocrine-immune network, how its function is altered by early life adversity, and how these alterations then increase vulnerability to disease. The fact that early environments shape and calibrate the functioning of biological systems very early in life is both a cautionary tale about overlooking critical periods in development and reason for optimism about the promise of intervention. Even in the most extreme cases of adversity, well-timed changes to children’s environments can improve outcomes. Pediatricians are in a unique position to contribute to the public discourse on health and social welfare by explaining how factors that seem distal to child health may be the key to some of the most intractable public health problems of our generation. We consider the challenges and opportunities for preventing toxic stress in the context of contemporary pediatric practice.
Design schemes for scalable multi-view video coding using GPB

In this paper, we propose novel design schemes for the operation of Decoded Picture Buffer (DPB) including reference picture re-ordering, marking process, and reference picture list construction to perform an efficient scalable multi-view video coding. Extensive simulations show that the proposed method can provide advanced compression efficiency and improved video quality measured in terms of BD-Rate and BD-PSNR for the scalable multi-view video coding.
Assessing the Effect of Routine Activity Theory and Self-Control on Property, Personal, and Sexual Assault Victimization

This study used a sample of 2,230 female university students to assess the applicability of routine activity theory and self-control on property, personal, and sexual assault victimization. Results indicate that (a) both self-control deficits and participation in drug sale behavior were significantly correlated with increased property, personal, and sexual assault victimization; (b) increased partying and shopping frequency and off-campus housing significantly and substantively correlated with increased property victimization; (c) off-campus housing was correlated with increased personal victimization; and (d) increased number of days spent on campus and increased frequency of partying significantly increased sexual assault victimization, net of controls. Future directions for the integration of feminist theory and strategies for crime prevention are discussed.
Increasing Underrepresented High School Students’ College Transitions and Achievements

The American education agenda suggests a clear commitment to the development of programs and practices to increase equitable participation in higher education. During a time when equity-based policy initiatives are under attack in the United States, governmental TRIO Programs remain one proven pathway for ensuring college preparedness and access for all students. Research reviewed in this article suggests TRIO educational opportunity programs have been successful in increasing both the higher education attendance rates and educational attainment of students from low-income, first-generation college, and underrepresented ethnic minority backgrounds. Given the increasing political debate and the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling against voluntary school desegregation, TRIO Programs are now more critical than ever for extending higher educational opportunities to students from diverse social and economic backgrounds. Furthermore, these programs may provide a model for P-12 school leaders, individual institutions, and all education professionals interested in widening access to higher education for all of our country’s citizens. This article provides an overview of TRIO educational opportunity programs, research related to the effectiveness of these programs, and recommendations for principals, teachers, and professional staff.
‘Middle class by profession’: Class status and identification amongst the Black middle classes

Drawing on data collected during a 2-year Economic and Social Research Council-funded project exploring the educational perspectives and strategies of middle-class families with a Black Caribbean heritage, this paper examines how participants, in professional or managerial occupations, position themselves in relation to the label ‘middle class’. Our analysis reveals five distinct groupings: those who are ‘comfortably middle class’, ‘middle-class ambivalent’, ‘working class with qualification’, ‘working class’ and a final group, ‘interrogators’. However, we note considerable commonality and fluidity across these groupings in terms of participants’ reasons for and, in some cases, hesitancy around inhabiting a particular class location. These responses must be understood in the context of the relative newness of the Black middle classes and respondents’ broadly similar working-class trajectories alongside ongoing experiences of racism within a society that privileges and gives legitimacy to a dominant White middle-class norm. For many, there is not a straightforward way to be Black and middle class.
Mediating the media: a journalist‐centric media relations model

Purpose – The prevailing challenge faced by practitioners is to conduct effective media relations, especially with the proliferation of diverse media platforms both online and offline. For such a predominant and critical function, a systematic approach needs to be offered. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – A new model is developed, drawing on insights from corporate communications and journalism literature.Findings – This model identifies two sets of influences that practitioners should seek to understand. The internal influences include journalist mindsets, journalist routines, and newsroom routines. The external influences include extra‐media forces and media ideology.Research limitations/implications – At this juncture, it is not able to predict causalities among the influences. What this model is able to establish is the connections among the influences. Future research can address that.Practical implications – This model is instructive for new practitioners to view.
RELIABILITY OF UNFAMILIAR, MULTIJOINT, UNI‐ AND BILATERAL STRENGTH TESTS: EFFECTS OF LOAD AND LATERALITY

To better understand the reliability of unfamiliar multijoint strength tests, 16 resistance-trained men performed maximum velocity uni- (1 leg [1L]) and bilateral (2 legs [2L]) lifts on an unfamiliar semiprone leg squat machine with loads equivalent to 40 and 70% of maximum isometric force on 2 separate occasions. Peak force was highly reproducible between testing occasions at the heavy load under both uni- and bilateral conditions (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]1L70% = 0.91, ICC2L70% = 0.92), was slightly reduced in the light load bilateral condition (ICC2L40% = 0.85), and was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the light load unilateral condition (ICC1L40% = 0.57). Test reliability was not related to total load lifted (2L 70% > 1L 70% > 2L 40% > 1L 40%) or to the peak force developed during the tests (2L 70% > 1L 70% 5 2L 40% > 1L 40%), but it was somewhat related to the time taken to attain peak force (2L 70% = 1L 70% > 2L 40% > 1L 40%). To obtain reliable strength data from athletes, more familiarization seems to be needed when they perform modified versions of common multijoint strength tests, or unfamiliar strength tests, under light load, unilateral conditions. The marked differences in reliability resulting from variation in loading conditions suggests that the reliability of a test needs to be reestablished when it is modified, before it is used to assess athlete/subject strength performance.
The effects of a higher protein intake during energy restriction on changes in body composition and physical function in older women.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare the relative effectiveness of a higher protein and conventional carbohydrate intake during weight loss on body composition and physical function in older women. METHODS Thirty-one overweight or obese, postmenopausal women (mean ± SD: age 65.2 ± 4.6 years, body mass index 33.7 ± 4.9 kg/m(2)) were prescribed a reduced calorie diet (1,400 kcal/day; 15%, 65%, 30% energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively) and randomly assigned to 2 × 25 g/day whey protein (PRO n = 15) or maltodextrin (CARB n = 16) supplementation for 6 months. Lean soft tissue (LST) via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; thigh muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue with magnetic resonance imaging; knee strength with isokinetic dynamometry; balance and physical function with a battery of performance tests. RESULTS PRO lost more weight than CARB (-8.0% ± 6.2%, -4.1% ± 3.6%, p = .059; respectively). Changes in LST, %LST, and strength, balance, or physical performance measures did not differ between groups (all p > .05). Weight to leg LST ratio improved more in PRO versus CARB (-4.6 ± 3.6%, -1.8 ± 2.6%, p = .03). PRO lost 4.2% more muscle (p = .01), 10.9% more SAT (p = .02), and 8.2% more intermuscular adipose tissue (p = .03) than CARB. Relative to thigh volume changes, PRO gained 5.8% more muscle (p = .049) and lost 3.8% greater SAT (p = .06) than CARB. Weight to leg LST ratio (r(2) = . 189, p = . 02) and SAT (r(2) = . 163, p = . 04) predicted improved up and go, relative muscle (r(2) = . 238, p = . 01) and SAT (r(2) = . 165, p = . 04) predicted improved transfer test, and %LST predicted improved balance (r(2) = . 179, p = . 04). CONCLUSIONS A higher protein intake during caloric restriction maintains muscle relative to weight lost, which in turn enhances physical function in older women.
Propagation failure in the discrete Nagumo equation

We address the classical problem of propagation failure for monotonic fronts of the discrete Nagumo equation. For a special class of nonlinearities that support unpinned \translationally invariant" stationary monotonic fronts, we prove that propagation failure cannot occur. Properties of travelling fronts in the discrete Nagumo equation with such special nonlinear functions appear to be similar to those in the continuous Nagumo equation. AMS 2010 Subject Classication: 34A33, 37L60, 34C45.
Primary pre-service teachers’ understanding of students’ internalising problems of mental health and wellbeing

An emerging national agenda for the mental health and wellbeing of young Australians has fostered an expectation that primary teachers can recognise and respond to students with internalising problems. A mixed method survey of fourthyear preservice teachers revealed patchy personal and practicum exposure to internalising problems and scant university preparation. Participants applied broad pedagogical principles from regular teaching practice to help students with these problems. They expressed their willingness to learn from colleagues about how to help these students, and a subsample further elaborated their reflections after practicum and coursework experiences. Graduating teachers will need more capacity than they currently have to support classroom participation of students with internalising problems in school settings. Nature of internalising problems The relatively muted ways in which primary school children internalise their distress and anxiety problems as they become older has evoked relatively little concern from teachers. Situational distress at school entry has been noticeable, given few cognitive resources to deal with leaving home for the unfamiliar settings and new social and academic demands of school. A recent survey of experienced primary teachers in NSW schools indicated appreciation of the need for mental health supports in schools but little confidence in capacity to enhance children’s wellbeing (Graham et al., 2011). Researchers have long understood that early signs of behavioural inhibitions, fearful feelings, and cognitive what-if worries (Keogh, 2003) can unfold into later problems in learning engagement in classroom activities and social interactions with peers; in turn, maladaptive acquisition of avoidant behaviour and distorted problem-solving can lead to increasingly negative views of self‐competence by middle childhood (Fox & Calkins, 1993). These performance difficulties have fuelled tendencies to a range of internalising problems from social withdrawal, victimisation by other students, sad mood, to general unpreparedness to cope with age-typical expectations (Kingery et al., 2010).
Intention to Try Unfamiliar Food: The Role of Level and Type of Unfamiliarity, Food Neophobia, and Ethnocentrism

The present work is focused in some aspects of the adoption process of unfamiliar foods. We make a distinction for the concept of unfamiliar food based on consumers’ degree of knowledge of the ingredients, therefore, we categorize unfamiliar food in two different types: unknown food (unknown ingredients) and novelty combination food (known ingredients combined in a novel or unusual way). Based on this distinction, we analyze the effect of this different source of food unfamiliarity on the intention to try it, considering personal traits such as food neophobia and consumer ethnocentrism. Our results show that the degree of food unfamiliarity has a higher impact on intention to try in consumers with low levels of consumer ethnocentrism, and that type of unfamiliarity moderates the effect of level of unfamiliarity on intention to try only in consumers with high level of consumer ethnocentrism.
Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer--analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland.

BACKGROUND The contribution of hereditary factors to the causation of sporadic cancer is unclear. Studies of twins make it possible to estimate the overall contribution of inherited genes to the development of malignant diseases. METHODS We combined data on 44,788 pairs of twins listed in the Swedish, Danish, and Finnish twin registries in order to assess the risks of cancer at 28 anatomical sites for the twins of persons with cancer. Statistical modeling was used to estimate the relative importance of heritable and environmental factors in causing cancer at 11 of those sites. RESULTS At least one cancer occurred in 10,803 persons among 9512 pairs of twins. An increased risk was found among the twins of affected persons for stomach, colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Statistically significant effects of heritable factors were observed for prostate cancer (42 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 29 to 50 percent), colorectal cancer (35 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 10 to 48 percent), and breast cancer (27 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 41 percent). CONCLUSIONS Inherited genetic factors make a minor contribution to susceptibility to most types of neoplasms. This finding indicates that the environment has the principal role in causing sporadic cancer. The relatively large effect of heritability in cancer at a few sites suggests major gaps in our knowledge of the genetics of cancer.
Review of Bart Engelen ’ s Rationality and institutions : on the normative implications of rational choice theory

The motivating thought behind this volume is that " if one wants to " make up the rules " of the game of life, one has to start from a realistic view of its players " (Engelen 2008, 2). This may seem self evident but it is an idea that rarely achieves the prominence which it deserves—not least in methodological debates. For example, much ink has been spilled around Friedman's famous 1953 essay that brought a form of positivism/behaviourism to economics, but comparatively little around this point. Yet it is really rather important. If a theory is to be used normatively to provide, say, policy advice, then it has to be realistic in important respects. Otherwise the theory cannot hope to provide advice about how to change our world: its advice will apply to some 'other' world (i.e., the one that is in the relevant respects captured by that theory). To be specific, in mainstream economics, guidance is usually based on the Pareto criteria: that is, a policy intervention is warranted when economic theory predicts that some people will become better-off through that intervention without making any worse-off. The judgement about what makes people better or worse off is quite precise for this purpose. It comes from mainstream's theory of what makes people act (i.e., the assumption of individual rationality): people are better-off when they better satisfy their preferences. If it turns out that people are not rational in the sense of being instrumental preference satisfiers, then the theory can still be useful in predicting people's actions (because they could act 'as if' so motivated) but the theory cannot tell us when and if they are better off. The latter depends on the theory of individual rationality being in important respects descriptively accurate on the matter of how we act and how such action affects our well being. This is why Bart Engelen is right to begin his book with a discussion of individual rationality in economics.
Development of a Peptide-Mediated Capture PCR for Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Milk

ABSTRACT Based on phage display technology, a peptide-mediated magnetic separation technique was developed to facilitate selective isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) from bulk milk of naturally infected dairy herds. Nine recombinant bacteriophages binding to M. paratuberculosis were isolated from a commercial phage-peptide library encoding random 12-mer peptides. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the deduced sequence of the binding peptides. One peptide with the sequence NYVIHDVPRHPA, designated aMP3, was chemically synthesized with an amino-terminal biotin residue attached via an amino-hexacarbonic acid spacer molecule. Paramagnetic beads coated with the phage or with peptide aMP3 enabled the capture of M. paratuberculosis from milk. Combining this peptide-mediated magnetic separation with an ISMav2-based PCR allowed the detection of M. paratuberculosis in artificially spiked milk down to a concentration of 101 ml−1. Experiments using milk from naturally infected cows and bulk milk samples from infected herds demonstrated that the peptide-mediated capture PCR is sufficiently sensitive to detect single strong shedders in pooled milk samples. The method, for the first time, applies phage display technology to microbial diagnostics and has potential value as a completely standardizable tool for the routine M. paratuberculosis screening of bulk milk samples at acceptable costs.
Feuding Families: When Conflict Does a Family Firm Good

Using the conflict theory lens and insights from the family business literature, we develop a theoretical model concerning the effects of task, process, and relationship conflict in family firms. Family firms are characterized by different control structures and generational involvement. Accordingly, we discuss the expected effect control concentration has on task, process, and relationship conflict, and propose that generational involvement affects the importance of task and process conflict to a family firm's performance. Furthermore, our model suggests that relationship conflict moderates the outcomes of task and process conflict. The degree of relationship conflict in family firms is in turn influenced by altruism, which characterizes interactions among family members.