Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Mental Disorders in the Czech Republic

Background Both genetic and environmental factors are important in etiology of mental disorders. Calculating polyenviromic risk/protective scores provides an updated perspective in research on the environmental causes of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to compare environmental risk and protective factors in patients with psychosis or a mood disorder (PSYCH+MOOD) and those with an anxiety disorder (ANX). Methods We administered the internationally accepted questionnaire from the EUropean Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study, enriched with mood and anxiety disorder-relevant measures, to patients at two large university hospitals in the Czech Republic. Results Ninety-four PSYCH+MOOD patients (average age 42.5 years; 46 males) and 52 ANX patients (average age 47.2 years; 17 males) participated. Neither polyenviromic risk score nor polyenviromic protective score differed significantly between PSYCH+MOOD and ANX groups (p = 0.149; p = 0.466, respectively). Conclusion Scientific validity of the polyenviromic risk/protective score construct must still be demonstrated in large psychiatric samples, ideally in prospective studies. Nevertheless, researchers have already started to investigate environmental factors in the etiology of mental disorders in their complexity, similarly to polygenic risk scores.
Nutrients and Dementia: Prospective Study

The association of diet and nutrients with dementia risk is an interesting research topic. Middle-aged and older Europeans not diagnosed with dementia within two years of baseline were followed up and their data were analysed until 2021. The association between the nutrient quintiles measured by the web-based 24 h dietary and the risk of developing dementia was examined using a Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Approximately 160,000 subjects and 1200 cases were included in the analysis of each nutrient. A greater risk of dementia was associated with (a) no alcohol intake (compared with moderate to higher intake), (b) higher intake of total sugars and carbohydrates (compared with lower intake), (c) highest or lowest fat intake (compared with moderate intake), (d) quintiles of highest or lowest magnesium intake (compared with the quintile of the second highest intake), and (e) highest protein intake (compared with moderate intake). Overall, the present results are congruent with the importance of a moderate intake of certain nutrients.
Geek girl today, scientist tomorrow? Inclusive experiences and efficacy mediate the link between women's engagement in popular geek culture and STEM career interest

ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that participating in geek pop culture (e.g. fandoms, digital gaming, live action role playing, board gaming, etc.) can enhance women's interest in STEM by increasing their STEM-related efficacy. This study proposed that this effect hinges on the type of social experiences that women have in geek culture. Inclusive experiences were expected to enhance STEM-related efficacy, while experiences of hostile sexism in these spaces were expected to diminish STEM-related efficacy. An online survey of both U.S. MTurk users (N = 77) and undergraduate students (N = 172) under the age of 30 demonstrated that inclusive experiences and STEM-related efficacy does serially mediate the effect of geek culture engagement on interest in STEM careers. A second model examining the indirect effect of geek engagement on STEM career interest through hostile sexism and STEM-efficacy was not significant. These findings underscore the broader implications of creating a welcoming environment for women in geek culture. They also suggest that women who experience hostile sexism in geek culture and continue to participate might have a general tolerance of toxic geek masculinity.
Diagnostic performance of a novel ultrasound-based quantitative method to assess liver steatosis in histologically identified nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

AIMS To investigate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP) for the detection of hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cohorts using histopathology as the reference standard andcomparing it with that of various imaging modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 87 subjects who underwent UGAP, controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and magnetic resonance imaging-based proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) between December, 2020 and January, 2022 were enrolled. Of these patients, 38 patients had NAFLD. The association between UGAP and clinical and imaging parameters was assessed using Pearson's or Spearman's correlations. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. RESULTS The UGAP and MRI-logPDFF demonstrated strong positive correlations (correlation coefficient= 0.704, P <0.0001). UGAP showed excellent diagnostic performance for distinguishing steatosis grade ≥1 with an AUROC of 0.821 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.729-0.913), which was comparable to that of MRI-PDFF (0.829, 95%CI, 0.723-0.936). The AUROCs of BUSG (B-mode ultrasonography) (0.766, 95% CI, 0.767-0.856) and CAP (0.788, 95% CI, 0.684-0.891) were slightly lower than those of UGAP. The AUROCs of UGAP, MRI-PDFF, CAP, and BUSG for detecting steatosis grade ≥2 were 0.796 (95% CI, 0.616-0.975), 0.971 (95% CI, 0.936-1.000), 0.726 (95% CI, 0.561-0.891) and 0.774 (95% CI, 0.612-0.936), respectively. CONCLUSION UGAP may be a valuable potential screening tool as a first-line assessment of liver steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
Effect of surface reflectivity on photonic Doppler velocimetry measurement

While photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) is becoming a common diagnostic for tracking velocity in shock physical experiments, its validity on measuring surfaces with different reflectivity is not studied. This paper investigates the effects of surface reflectivity on PDV measurement for tracking back free surface velocity in laser shock processing. Credible measurement results for coarse polished surfaces with low reflectivity are obtained, whereas fine polished surfaces with relatively high reflectivity lead to heterodyne fringes with high frequency and corresponding unreasonably fast velocities. This phenomenon reported in the paper is somewhat inconsistent with the general view that PDV has remarkable robustness to large changes in surface reflectivity. The reason might be ascribed to multiple reflections of light, which cause the generation of multiple Doppler shifts. The mixing of the reference light and those Doppler-shifted lights brings out high frequency heterodyne fringes resulting in high velocity. Low surface reflectivity is better suited for PDV measurements.
Excitation of Back‐Arc Tsunamis From Megathrust Ruptures: Theory and Application to the Sea of Japan

Large megathrust ruptures can create notable tsunamis in tectonic back‐arc basins as was documented during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Sea of Japan. We present a physical analysis of the excitation of back‐arc tsunamis by extending the fore‐arc deformation field from the earthquake centroid into the back‐arc basin and identify fault dip as the main geometrical contributor to the propagation of these events. As such, our theoretical model along with a large number of numerical simulations reveal that the dominant period of back‐arc tsunamis is different from that of the fore‐arc waves and thus they are a new class of tsunamis. Through numerical simulations and analysis of data from the 2011 Tohoku event, we show that a combination of near‐ to intermediate‐field horizontal and vertical deformation as well as transient surface waves is necessary to reconstruct the back‐arc propagation. We find that while seismic surface waves can affect coastal tsunami amplitudes in the back‐arc, their effect comes second to that of the horizontal component of deformation as manifested via bathymetric gradient. We then simulate back‐arc tsunamis and the hazard in the Sea of Japan from several potential future earthquake scenarios in the Japan Trench and Nankai Trough. Our results show that the coseismic excitation of back‐arc tsunamis can result in considerable waves close to 1 m in the Sea of Japan, near the Niigata Prefecture from megathrust earthquakes.
Quantum fluctuations of the relativistic scalar plasma in the Hartree-Vlasov approximation

The quantum fluctuations of the relativistic quantum scalar plasma (i.e., a system of spin-\textonehalf{} fermions interacting through the exchange of scalar particles via a Yukawa-type interaction) are considered within the context of the covariant Wigner-function approach studied elsewhere. The usual infinities occurring in the conventional many-body theory appear as a consequence of a vacuum Wigner function. They are removed in the Hartree-Vlasov approximation for thermal equilibrium. Results previously obtained by Chin are recovered. The effect of these quantum fluctuations on abnormal matter is briefly discussed. For the sake of illustration, numerical results are given and compared to those first obtained by Kalman.
The effects of gingival blood flow on pulpal blood flow detection using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry: animal study

Objectives This study evaluated the effect of adjacent gingival blood flow on detection of pulpal blood flow (PBF) using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry (UDF) through animal study. Materials and Methods The study included 36 right and left maxillary the third incisors and canines in 9 experimental dogs. The study included 2 main steps: In the first step, the pulse sound level (PSL) was recorded on the cervical part of each tooth without flap elevation (Group 1), with flap elevation (Group 2), and after it was repositioned in place (Group 3). In the second step, the PSL was recorded on the cervical part of each tooth (Group 4), after pulpotomy (Group 5), after partial pulp extirpation (Group 6), after complete extirpation (Group 7), and after canal filling (Group 8). In Groups 5–8, the study was performed with and without flap elevation in the left and right teeth, respectively. The PSL was graded as follows: 0, inaudible; 1, heard faintly; and 2, heard well. The difference between each group was analyzed using Friedman’s test with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (α = 0.05). Results In step 1, the PSL results were Group 1 > 2 and 3. In step 2, there was no significant difference between the groups when the flap was not elevated, while PSL results were Group 4 > 5 ≥ 6 and 7 ≥ 8 when the flap was elevated. Conclusions PBF is affected by gingival blood flow when measured with UDF. UDF measurements require isolation of gingiva from the tooth.
BRILLOUIN-RAMAN MULTI-WAVELENGTH LASER COMB GENERATION BASED ON Bi-EDF BY USING DUAL-WAVELENGTH IN DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER

A multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated by using dual-wavelength fiber in a 7.7 km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) that is incorporated in a 49 cm Bismuth erbium-doped fiber laser. The BFL operates in C-band, which is shifted by 0.08 nm and amplified by a Raman pump (RP). The threshold power for BP pumps and the Raman pump is achieved at 7 dBm and around 35 mW, respectively. The exclusive and practical benefits of using reduced high nonlinear Bismuth-erbium doped fiber (Bi-EDF) in implementing a four-wave mixing (FWM) method for multi-wavelengths Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) applications are experimentally demonstrated. Coupled interactions of Brillouin, Raman, and FWM scattering explain the unique feature of proposed configuration.
Exploring the Well-Being of Slovenian and Serbian Sport Science Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic of Summer 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly changed everyday life of social actors, which inferred mental health and well-being concerns. As students of health-related studies tend to adapt better to difficult circumstances, in this study, we explored the effect of the pandemic on sports science students’ well-being during the summer of 2022. The research was conducted in Slovenia and Serbia. The sample comprised n = 350 students. The PERMA-Profiler, a 15-item self-reported questionnaire, was adapted to assess well-being across five elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. Data were collected with a questionnaire through the summer of 2022 (from May to July) and analyzed in SPSS, AMOS 26.0. The results revealed normal functioning (M = 7.72, SD ± 1.38) for the overall well-being of the students. Although all dimensions indicated high scores, relationships (M = 7.95, SD ± 1.63), meaning (M = 7.76, SD ± 1.69), and engagement (M = 7.73, SD ± 1.36) rated the highest. Furthermore, the instrument was acceptable, as the confirmatory factor analysis showed adequate reliability based on Cronbach’s alpha (15 items, α = 0.94) and strong internal correlations between the PERMA dimensions. This study contributes to the previously published research, emphasizing the positive responses and successful coping of sports science students in times of complex situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evanescent Wave Lab‐on‐Fiber for High Sensitivity Gas Spectroscopy with Wide Dynamic Range and Long‐Term Stability

Micro/nano waveguide has been widely exploited for gas sensing due to its strong confinement of evanescent field, compact size, and fast response. However, the state‐or‐the‐art evanescent‐wave gas sensors still struggle to satisfy the requirements of high sensitivity, high selectivity, large dynamic range, and long‐term stability. In this work, microfiber‐based evanescent‐wave mode‐phase‐difference photothermal spectroscopy for trace gas detection is reported. With a microfiber of 5.6 cm in length and 2.36 µm in diameter, noise‐equivalent‐concentration of 160 ppb methane in nitrogen is achieved with a dynamic range over 6 orders of magnitude, response time of less than 6 s, and <3% instability over 7 days. The technique utilizes commercial fiber‐optic components to make cost‐effective lab‐on‐fiber probes with real‐time and remote detection capability for industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring.
SYMMETRY BREAKING BIFURCATIONS OF THE INFORMATION DISTORTION

The goal of this thesis is to solve a class of optimization problems which originate from the study of optimal source coding systems. Optimal source coding systems include quantization, data compression, and data clustering methods such as the Information Distortion, Deterministic Annealing, and the Information Bottleneck methods. These methods have been applied to problems such as document classification, gene expression, spectral analysis, and our particular application of interest, neural coding. The class of problems we analyze are constrained, large scale, nonlinear maximization problems. The constraints arise from the fact that we perform a stochastic clustering of the data, and therefore we maximize over a finite conditional probability space. The maximization problem is large scale since the data sets are large. Consequently, efficient numerical techniques and an understanding of the bifurcation structure of the local solutions are required. We maximize this class of constrained, nonlinear objective functions, using techniques from numerical optimization, continuation, and ideas from bifurcation theory in the presence of symmetries. An analysis and numerical study of the application of these techniques is presented.
Performance Evaluation of a Novel Intrusion Detection System in Next Generation Networks

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with 5G simply creates additional threat landscape and any network infrastructure is more vulnerable. Severe attacks on networks potentially damage organization reputation, customers or tenants lose confidence, and impacts operational and maintenance cost. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are an effective approach to mitigate threats. We present a novel IDS mechanism in which the unique Radio Frequency (RF) features of IoT devices are used to create a learning model which is later used to identify the illegitimate devices in the network. Leveraging the Deep Autoencoder (DAE), the existing steady-state feature extraction is generalized. The performance evaluation is conducted using a real data set from different aspects including the mobility of the nodes. The proposed IDS is broken down into pluggable virtual network function (VNF) components and its evaluation is presented for its integration into the 5G network slicing ecosystem from the perspective of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standards. A Proof of Concept (PoC) is presented using ETSI Open Source NFV Management and Orchestration (OSM-MANO) test bed, deployed on AWS cloud systems, to show how the proposed approach would fit in with a real-life MANO.
In Vitro Tumor Models on Chip and Integrated Microphysiological Analysis Platform (MAP) for Life Sciences and High-Throughput Drug Screening

The evolution of preclinical in vitro cancer models has led to the emergence of human cancer-on-chip or microphysiological analysis platforms (MAPs). Although it has numerous advantages compared to other models, cancer-on-chip technology still faces several challenges such as the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and integrating multiple organs to be widely accepted in cancer research and therapeutics. In this review, we highlight the advancements in cancer-on-chip technology in recapitulating the vital biological features of various cancer types and their applications in life sciences and high-throughput drug screening. We present advances in reconstituting the tumor microenvironment and modeling cancer stages in breast, brain, and other types of cancer. We also discuss the relevance of MAPs in cancer modeling and precision medicine such as effect of flow on cancer growth and the short culture period compared to clinics. The advanced MAPs provide high-throughput platforms with integrated biosensors to monitor real-time cellular responses applied in drug development. We envision that the integrated cancer MAPs has a promising future with regard to cancer research, including cancer biology, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.
Efficiency and complexity in grammars

1. Introduction 2. Linguistics Forms, Properties and Efficient Signaling 3. Defining the Efficiency Principles and their Predictions 4. More on Form Minimization 5. Adjacency Effects Within Phrases 6. Minimal Forms in complements/Adjuncts and Proximity 7. Relative Clause and Wh-movement Universals 8. Symmetries, Asymmetric Dependencies and Earliness Effects 9. Conclusions Abbreviations References Index of Authors Index of Languages Subject Index
Computation of mutual coupling between slot-coupled microstrip patches in a finite array

An analytical method is presented for the evaluation of mutual coupling between slot-coupled microstrip patches in a finite array. The approach is a combination of the equivalence principle and the reciprocity theorem and uses the spectral domain Green's functions for a dielectric slab in a moment method solution for the unknown patch and slot current distribution. The excitation mechanism of the patches is taken into account by introducing an N-port equivalent network, and the impedance matrix of an array of N-element slot-coupled patches is evaluated directly from its network voltage and current matrices of order N/sup 2/. As examples, the mutual impedances and scattering coefficients for two-, four-, and eight-element arrays are evaluated. Results are compared with measured data. >
An alternative formulation of the differential quadrature method with a neural network perspective

The differential quadrature method is a well-known numerical approach for solving ordinary and partial differential equations. This work introduces an explicit form for the approximate solution using differential quadrature rules. Analogies with Taylor's expansion are presented. Some properties are formally discussed. An interpretation of the approach from the neural networks perspective is also offered. For a fair comparison, we selected from the literature relevant examples numerically solved by approaches mainly in the realm of Taylor formalism, including a kind of neural network. Compared to the known numerical solutions, the obtained results show the good performance of the method.
Page Type-Aware Data Migration Technique for Read Disturb Management of NAND Flash Memory

Read disturb is a phenomenon in which the cells of all unselected wordlines (WLs) within a block are soft programed while reading a selected WL, which causes errors. To solve the problem of read disturb, read reclaim (RR) operations, which migrate deteriorated block data to a new free block, are executed when the read count of the deteriorated block exceeds a preset threshold. RR requires additional operations, such as error correction, reprogramming, block erasure, and occupying I/O. So as the number of RR operations increases, the performance and reliability of the memory degrade. We observe that read disturb affects pages within a block differently according to page types. With this perspective, we propose Page Type-aware Data Migration technique (PTDM) technique, which migrates pages within blocks according to the vulnerability to read disturb. Shifting RR from the conventional block level to the page level improves the efficiency of the memory by reducing data migration. Also, we propose distributing read-hot data into several blocks during migration to reduce read disturb impact. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the amount of RR data migration and the overall erasure counts by 39.53% and 21.69%, respectively.
New image distance and its application in object recognition

This paper presents a new distance measure for image matching based on local Kullback-Leibler divergence, which we call Image Kullback-Leibler Distance (IKLD). Unlike traditional methods, IKLD takes account into not only the spatial relationships of pixels, but also the structure information around pixels. Therefore, it is robust enough to small changes in viewpoint. In order to illustrate its performance, we imbed it into support vector machines for view-based object recognition. Experimental results based on the COIL-100 show that it outperforms most existing techniques, such as traditional PCA+LDA (principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis), non-linear SVM, Discriminant Tensor Rank-One Decomposition (DTROD) and Sparse Network of Winnows (SNoW).
A Note on Deriving the Pareto/NBD Model and Related Expressions

The Pareto/NBD model was developed by Schmittlein et al. (1987), hereafter SMC, to describe repeat-buying behavior in a noncontractual setting. They derive expressions for, amongst other things, (i) the probability that a customer with a given transaction history is still “alive”, and (ii) the expected number of future transactions for a randomly-chosen customer, conditional on his transaction history. Many readers of SMC find the derivations presented in the paper to be rather daunting. The objective of this note is to guide the reader through the derivations of the key results and to present some new related results. In many cases, our approach to deriving a specific expression differs from that used by SMC; our reason for taking an alternative derivation route is that we feel it is simpler to follow. In Section 2 we outline the assumptions of the Pareto/NBD model and derive a key intermediate result. In Sections 3–6, we derive expressions for the model likelihood function (something not presented in SMC), the mean and variance, the probability that a customer is “alive”, and the conditional expectation. But before we start, let us “introduce” the Gaussian hypergeometric function,1 which is the power series of the form