Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dust Filaments and Star Formation in OMC-2 and OMC-3

We have mapped the 1300 μm dust emission of a 6' × 16' field in the OMC-2 and -3 region and detected an extended filamentary structure with at least 11 embedded condensations in OMC-2 and 10 in OMC-3. Six have been observed previously at 1300 μm, and two were also detected by IRAS. We observed eight of the new sources at six wave bands from 350 to 2000 μm and derived upper limits for their far-infrared (FIR) emission from the IRAS raw data. The millimeter/submillimeter emission originates from cold dust (Td ~ 20 K), and the individual components have gas masses of 5 M☉ < Mgas < 36 M☉. The ratio Lbol/Lsmm is below 70 for six sources associated with OMC-3, indicating that they are class 0-type objects. Condensations in the OMC-2 region have Lbol/Lsmm ≤ 360, suggesting an evolutionary effect from north to south. We report the discovery of a highly collimated bipolar CO outflow, most likely driven by the source OMC-3 MMS 8. The flow is over 5' (0.7 pc) long and less than 1' (0.15 pc) wide and is oriented nearly east-west. Less prominent outflows are associated with OMC-2 FIR 2/3 and OMC-3 MMS 6. The 1300 μm continuum emission is confined to a ridge less than 1' wide while the emission in J = 2-113CO, C18O, and CS is between 5' and 10' wide. The continuum emission is displaced toward the eastern side of the molecular ridge that contains it. Most 1300 μm sources lie in or close to line emission peaks. However, not all line emission peaks contain prominent 1300 μm continuum sources. The curved filamentary structure of the large-scale dust and molecular emission is likely the result of compression by the superbubble centered ~25-70 pc further north, plus the impact of energy from the younger 1c subgroup of the Orion OB association, which lies 10-50 pc in front of our mapped region, and by the very recent expansion of the NGC 1977 and M42 H II regions.
A Robust and Practical Multi-Moment Finite Volume Model for Computational Fluid Dynamics

A robust and practical CFD code has been developed. The numerical framework, so-called VSIAM3 (Volume/Surface Integrated Average based Multi-Moment Method) makes use of two kinds of integrated moments of physical field, i.e. the volume integrated average (VIA) and the surface integrated average (SIA), which are treated as the computational variables and separately updated in time. VSIAM3 formulation is essentially different from conventional finite volume method and provides a convenient and robust framework to accommodate many existing numerical techniques for simulating various complex flows. In this paper, we will present the underlying idea of VSIAM3 and the extensions to make it applicable to various practical problems. Efforts toward high computational performance on hard wares with distributed memory and GPGPU will be also reported.
Formulation and evaluation of biodegradable floating drug delivery for solubility enhancement of diclofenac sodium

This learning's objective is to determine and investigate how pharmaceutical restrictions affect the characteristics of gastric floating tablets using diclofenac sodium (DICL) as a model for the solubility enhancement, sodium-bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or calcium-carbonate (CaCO3). Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) as swelling polymer K100M or K15M is a gas-forming substance. BY direct-compression manufacturing is used to create floating DICL tablets. The tablet characteristics, swelling index, and in vitro resistance of compressed tablets were assessed. Under non-reducing circumstances, in vitro release was identified. Molecular interactions have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.
The Temporal Behavior of Numerically Simulated Multicell-Type Storms. Part I. Modes of Behavior

Abstract The temporal behavior of mature multicellular model storms, created in an experiment that varied the vertical wind shear layer depth, is examined herein. These storms form new cells at low levels on the storm's forward side, in or near the forced lifting zone at the edge of the evaporationally chilled subcloud cold-air pool. Each moves upward and rearward within the storm as it intensifies, matures, and decays and becomes replaced by a new cell development. As a result, the storms oscillate in time with respect to updraft intensity and the generation of condensation and surface rainfall. A few model storms oscillate in a simply periodic fashion during maturity, generating a series of nearly identical cells separated by a nearly constant period. Other storms are still periodic but in a more complex fashion, manifesting repeat cycles consisting of two or more cells. Several simulations appear quite aperiodic. Spectral analyses of temporal statistics reveal the existence of a fundamental period of o.
Vertical Transport Coefficients in the Mesosphere Obtained from Radar Observations

Abstract Incoherent scatter echoes from the mesosphere are interpreted in terms of isolated layers of mesospheric turbulence in the manner of Woodman and Guillen. The parameters describing such turbulent layers are evaluated and shown to be consistent with observations and calculations of eddy mixing and dissipation in the mesosphere, and vertical mixing by this process may make a substantial contribution to vertical mixing in this region of the atmosphere. Thew turbulent layers should have also produced partial reflections of a magnitude similar to those typically observed with that technique. It is thus suggested that incoherent scatter returns and partial reflections be used to evaluate the contribution of turbulent layers to eddy mixing in the mesosphere. An expression for the resulting time-averaged diffusion coefficient at mesospheric heights is presented as a function of the received power and correlation time obtained from incoherent scatter observations.
Experimental analysis of cross-talk effects between a series of nano-hole structures on the same metal film

The miniaturization of nanostructure-based optical sensing devices requires integration of multiple nanostructure patterns with smaller spacing. However, the effect of plasmonic cross-talk and its effect on spectral transmission are not fully understood. In this paper, we experimentally fabricated different sets of nano-hole arrays (each with an area of 30 μm x 30 μm) of various hole diameter, hole spacing, and inter-array spacing. The spectral transmission of each nano-hole array was measured and the effect of inter-array spacing on peak transmission and resonance wavelength was determined.
Kinetic Simulations of Ion Beam Neutralization

Full particle PIC simulations are performed to study the neutralization of an ion beam in the cohesionless, mesothermal regime. Simulations further confirmed that neutralization is achieved through interactions between the trapped electrons and the potential well established by the propagation of the beam front along the beam direction and is not through plasma instabilities as previous studies suggested. In the transverse direction, the process is similar to that of the expansion of mesothermal plasma into vacuum. Parametric simulations are also performed to investigate the effects of beam radius and domain boundary condition on the neutralization process. The results suggests that, while the qualitative behavior may be similar in ground tests, quantitative parameters such as the beam potential will be affected significantly by the vacuum chamber because of the limits imposed on the expansion process by the finite chamber space.
Image enhancement for underwater pulsed laser line scan imaging system

Recent progress in system hardware such as laser, photon detectors and other electronic and optical components resulted in significant improvement for the underwater serial laser imaging system. Nevertheless, during normal system operation, system issues such as laser instability, electronic noise, and environmental conditions such as imaging in highly turbid water can still put constraint on the performance of imager. In this work, post-processing to take advantage of the improvement hardware to further reduce image noise and enhance the image quality as a critical aspect of the overall system design is studied. A novel realization of the bilateral principle based image/pulse noise reduction and image deconvolution using point spread function (PSF) predicted with EODES radiative transfer model is used to implement the processing chain. The concept is further extended to a multichannel deconvolution to exploit the benefit offered by the new multi element PMT configuration developed in HBOI. Two datasets were used to test the developed techniques respectively.
Allogenic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment: Clinical Effectiveness, Safety, Survival in the Wound Site, and Proteomic Impact

Although encouraging results of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) use in wound healing are available, the mechanism of action has been studied mainly in vitro and in animals. This work aimed to examine the safety and efficacy of allogenic ADSCs in human diabetic foot ulcer treatment, in combination with the analyses of the wound. Equal groups of 23 participants each received fibrin gel with ADSCs or fibrin gel alone. The clinical effects were assessed at four time points: days 7, 14, 21 and 49. Material collected during debridement from a subset of each group was analyzed for the presence of ADSC donor DNA and proteomic changes. The reduction in wound size was greater at all subsequent visits, significantly on day 21 and 49, and the time to 50% reduction in the wound size was significantly shorter in patients who received ADSCs. Complete healing was achieved at the end of the study in seven patients treated with ADSCs vs. one treated without ADSCs. One week after ADSC application, 34 proteins significantly differentiated the material from both groups, seven of which, i.e., GAPDH, CAT, ACTN1, KRT1, KRT9, SCL4A1, and TPI, positively correlated with the healing rate. We detected ADSC donor DNA up to 21 days after administration. We confirmed ADSC-related improvement in wound healing that correlated with the molecular background, which provides insights into the role of ADSCs in wound healing—a step toward the development of cell-based therapies.
Low-voltage onset of electroluminescence in nanocrystalline-Si/SiO2 multilayers

Thin film metal-oxide-semiconductor light emitting devices (LEDs) based on nanocrystalline silicon multilayer structure were grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Room temperature electroluminescence was studied under direct current and time-resolved pulsed-current injection schemes. Multilayer LEDs operating at voltages below 5 V and electroluminescence turn-on voltage of 1.4–1.7 V are demonstrated. The turn-on voltage is less than 3.2 V which corresponds to the barrier height at the silicon oxide interface for electrons. Electrical injection in the multilayer LED is controlled by direct tunneling of electrons and holes among silicon nanocrystals. This injection regime is different than the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling that controls the electron injection in single thick layer LED operating at high voltages. A comparison of the power efficiency for the multilayer based LED and a similar single thick layer LED shows larger power efficiency for the former than for the second. Our results open ne.
Computer identification of wind instruments using cepstral coefficients

Earlier results on computer recognition of the oboe and saxophone [J. C. Brown, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101, 3167(A) (1997); ‘‘Musical instrument identification using cepstral coefficients as features’’ submitted to J. Acoust. Soc. Am. ] have been extended to include the clarinet and the flute. Approximately 30 samples of duration 2–10 s of each of the four instrument types comprise the test set. The training set consists of longer segments of approximately 1 min duration. Eighteen mel‐based cepstral coefficients were calculated for each of the sounds. The training data were summarized by a cluster analysis with Gaussian probability density functions formed from the mean and variance for each of the clusters. The probability of belonging to each of the four classes was then calculated for the test sounds, and a Bayes decision rule was invoked to assign them to one of the classes. Results indicate that this is a very promising method for automatic recognition of musical instruments.
Linear FM signal parameter estimation from discrete-time observations

The authors consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a complex linear FM signal from a finite number of noisy discrete-time observations. An estimation algorithm is proposed, and its asymptotic (large sample) performance is analyzed. The algorithm is computationally simple, consisting of two fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) accompanied by one-dimensional searches for maxima. The variance of the estimates is shown to be close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound when the signal-to-noise ratio is 0 dB and above. The authors applied the algorithm to the problem of estimating the kinematic parameters of an accelerating target by pulse-Doppler radar. A representative test case was used to exhibit the usefulness of the algorithm for this problem, and to verify the analytical results by Monte Carlo simulations. >
The formation of emission lines in the expanding chromospheres of luminous cool stars. I: The importance of atmospheric extension and partial redistribution effects

Most late-type luminous stars are losing mass in cool stellar winds, although the mass-loss rates and mechanisms of these outflows remain uncertain. In many red giants the only evidence for mass loss is the presence of a characteristic asymmetry in the strongest ultraviolet resonance lines, such as the Mg n k line. In this paper, we discuss the available methods for treating radiative transfer in such chromospheric lines in an expanding, extended medium and select the comoving frame method (including partial redistribution) as the most suitable. We briefly outline this technique in the context of a two-level atom. Prior to applying this technique to deriving atmospheric properties from observed line profiles, we present some schematic examples to illustrate the sensitivity of the calculated line profiles to the outflow velocity, chromospheric temperature gradient, physical extent of the atmosphere, line-to-continuum strength, and the incoherence fraction. In this paper, we illustrate the difference in the computed line profiles between assuming partial and complete redistribution for a wide range of atmospheric and wind parameters. Subject headings: line profiles — radiative transfer — stars: chromospheres — stars: late-type
Enhancement of microbubble mediated gene delivery by simultaneous exposure to ultrasonic and magnetic fields

It has been shown in previous studies that ultrasound mediated gene delivery can be greatly enhanced by the presence of contrast agent microbubbles and that transfection efficiency is highly dependent upon both bubble/cell separation and the ultrasound field parameters. It has also been shown that gene delivery can be promoted by exposing cells to a magnetic field in the presence of DNA conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles. The aim of this work was to investigate whether it was possible to combine the advantages of both these techniques. It was found that transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells by naked plasmid DNA was enhanced by simultaneous exposure to ultrasound (40‐cycle sinusoidal pulses, centre frequency 0.5‐3MHz, peak negative pressure 0.25‐1.5MPa, repetition frequency 1kHz for 10s) and a uniform magnetic field (3‐5Nm‐3) in the presence of two different microbubble/nanoparticle preparations. The first consisted of phospholipid‐coated microbubbles mixed with micelles containing magnetic nanoparticles; the second of microbubbles which were themselves magnetically active. These preparations were found to be much more effective than either magnetic micelles or phospholipid‐coated microbubbles alone. The mechanisms underlying these observations in terms of microbubble dynamics, the sensitivity to the ultrasound parameters and their significance for potential therapeutic applications will be discussed.
CRISPR-screen identifies ZIP9 and dysregulated Zn2+ homeostasis as a cause of cancer-associated changes in glycosylation

Abstract Introduction In epithelial cancers, truncated O-glycans, such as the Thomson-nouveau antigen (Tn) and its sialylated form (STn), are upregulated on the cell surface and associated with poor prognosis and immunological escape. Recent studies have shown that these carbohydrate epitopes facilitate cancer development and can be targeted therapeutically; however, the mechanism underpinning their expression remains unclear. Methods To identify genes directly influencing the expression of cancer-associated O-glycans, we conducted an unbiased, positive-selection, whole-genome CRISPR knockout-screen using monoclonal antibodies against Tn and STn. Results and Conclusions We show that knockout of the Zn2+-transporter SLC39A9 (ZIP9), alongside the well-described targets C1GALT1 (C1GalT1) and its molecular chaperone, C1GALT1C1 (COSMC), results in surface-expression of cancer-associated O-glycans. No other gene perturbations were found to reliably induce O-glycan truncation. We furthermore show that ZIP9 knockout affects N-linked glycosylation, resulting in upregulation of oligo-mannose, hybrid-type, and α2,6-sialylated structures as well as downregulation of tri- and tetra-antennary structures. Finally, we demonstrate that accumulation of Zn2+ in the secretory pathway coincides with cell-surface presentation of truncated O-glycans in cancer tissue, and that over-expression of COSMC mitigates such changes. Collectively, the findings show that dysregulation of ZIP9 and Zn2+ induces cancer-like glycosylation on the cell surface by affecting the glycosylation machinery.
Additive manufacturing and performance of bioceramic scaffolds with different hollow strut geometries

Additively manufactured hollow-strut bioceramic scaffolds present a promising strategy towards enhanced performance in patient-tailored bone tissue engineering. The channels in such scaffolds offer pathways for nutrient and cell transport and facilitate effective osseointegration and vascularization. In this study, we report an approach for the slurry based additive manufacturing of modified diopside bioceramics that enables the production of hollow-strut scaffolds with diverse cross-sectional forms, distinguished by different configurations of channel and strut geometries. The prepared scaffolds exhibit levels of porosity and mechanical strength that are well suited for osteoporotic bone repair. Mechanical characterization in orthogonal orientations revealed that a square outer cross-section for hollow struts in woodpile scaffolds gives rise to levels of compressive strength that are higher than those of conventional solid cylindrical strut scaffolds despite a significantly lower density. Finite element analysis confirms that this improved strength arises from lower stress concentration in such geometries. It was shown that hollow struts in bioceramic scaffolds dramatically increase cell attachment and proliferation, potentially promoting new bone tissue formation within the scaffold channel. This work provides an easily controlled method for the extrusion-based 3D printing of hollow strut scaffolds. We show here how the production of hollow struts with controllable geometry can serve to enhance both the functional and mechanical performance of porous structures, with particular relevance for bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Resilience analysis of cyber‐physical systems: A review of models and methods

Cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) are monitored and controlled by a computing and communicating core. This cyber layer enables better management of the controlled subsystem, but it also introduces threats to the security and protection of CPSs, as demonstrated by recent cyberattacks. The resulting governance and policy emphasis on cybersecurity is reflected in the academia by a vast body of literature. In this article, we systematize existing knowledge on CPS analysis. Specifically, we focus on the quantitative assessment of CPSs before and after the occurrence of a disruption. Through the systematic analysis of the models and methods adopted in the literature, we develop a CPS resilience assessment framework consisting of three steps, namely, (1) CPS description, (2) disruption scenario identification, and (3) resilience strategy selection. For each step of the framework, we suggest established methods for CPS analysis and suggest four criteria for method selection. The framework proposes a standardized workflow to assess the resilience of CPSs before and after the occurrence of a disruption. The application of the proposed framework is exemplified with reference to a power substation and associated communication network.The case study shows that the proposed framework supports resilience decision making by quantifying the effects of the implementation of resilience strategies.
Unveiling Charge‐Transport Mechanisms in Electronic Devices Based on Defect‐Engineered MoS2 Covalent Networks

Device performance of solution‐processed 2D semiconductors in printed electronics has been limited so far by structural defects and high interflake junction resistance. Covalently interconnected networks of transition metal dichalcogenides potentially represent an efficient strategy to overcome both limitations simultaneously. Yet, the charge‐transport properties in such systems have not been systematically researched. Here, the charge‐transport mechanisms of printed devices based on covalent MoS2 networks are unveiled via multiscale analysis, comparing the effects of aromatic versus aliphatic dithiolated linkers. Temperature‐dependent electrical measurements reveal hopping as the dominant transport mechanism: aliphatic systems lead to 3D variable range hopping, unlike the nearest neighbor hopping observed for aromatic linkers. The novel analysis based on percolation theory attributes the superior performance of devices functionalized with π‐conjugated molecules to the improved interflake electronic connectivity and formation of additional percolation paths, as further corroborated by density functional calculations. Valuable guidelines for harnessing the charge‐transport properties in MoS2 devices based on covalent networks are provided.
Vibrational properties of LaPO4 nanoparticles in mid- and far-infrared domain

Nanopowders of LaPO4 have been grown by sedimentation-micellar method. As-prepared LaPO4 nanoparticles with the average grain size of about 8 nm have a single-phase hydrated hexagonal structure. After thermal annealing at 600 and 800 °C, the average size of nanoparticles increases up to ∼35 and ∼50 nm, respectively, and the structure transforms into single-phase monoclinic. IR spectra of LaPO4 nanoparticles of different size were investigated in the wide range of wavenumbers from 130 to 5000 cm−1 in the 20–300 K temperature region. Differences between IR spectra of the bulk material and nanoparticles as well as the temperature behavior of the vibrational properties are discussed.