Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A utilização do objeto nas interações pró-sociais apresentadas por crianças da pré-escola

A utilizacao do objeto como mediador nas interacoes prosociaisentre criancas pre-escolares exige a realizacao de pesquisasnaturalisticas capazes de revelar os diferentes padroes interativos esugerir possiveis relacoes entre tipo de objeto e categorias comportamentais.Os dados obtidos no presente estudo permitiram a elaboracaode um sistema de categorias, sendo analisadas as relacoes existentesentre estas e variaveis como sexo, atividade e natureza do objeto envolvidono episodio. Alem da ampliacao do rol de categorias consideradascomo pro-sociais, verificou-se maior tendencia a transferencia deobjetos do que a seu uso partilhado pelas criancas, assim como padroescomportamentais semelhantes para meninos e meninas, ambosapresentando preferencia por companheiros do mesmo sexo. Tambemfoi observado que certos objetos e atividades estao diretamente relacionadoscom diferentes categorias de interacao pro-social. Prosocial interactions among preschoolers frequentlyinvolve the use of objects. Naturalistic studies are then necessary toreveal the variety of interactive patterns as well as indicate somepossible relationships between special kind of objects and behavioralcategories. The present study was devoted to: (a) classify the observedprosocial interactions exhibited by five year olds into a behavioralsystem, and (b) analyse the relationships between behavioral patternsand sex, activities and different type of objects. Besides those found inthe literature, new categories were here considered as prosocial.Object circulation was more frequent than cooperative simultaneoususage of objects. Similar patterns were observed for boys and girls,both having preferences for social exchanges with same sex partners.Important relationships were also found between prosocial behaviorsand specific objects and activities.
Combining Semantic and Syntactic Generalization in Example-Based Machine Translation

In this paper, we report our experiments in combining two EBMT systems that rely on generalized templates, Marclator and CMU-EBMT, on an English‐German translation task. Our goal was to see whether a statistically significant improvement could be achieved over the individual performances of these two systems. We observed that this was not the case. However, our system consistently outperformed a lexical EBMT baseline system.
A Note on Shor's Quantum Algorithm for Prime Factorization

It’s well known that Shor[1] proposed a polynomial time algorithm for prime factorization by using quantum computers. For a given number n, he gave an algorithm for finding the order r of an element x (mod n) instead of giving an algorithm for factoring n directly. The indirect algorithm is feasible because factorization can be reduced to finding the order of an element by using randomization[2]. But a point should be stressed that the order of the number must be even. Actually, the restriction can be removed in a particular case. In this paper, we show that factoring RSA modulus (a product of two primes) only needs to find the order of 2, whether it is even or not.
Comparison of the Mitochondrial Genomes and Steady State Transcriptomes of Two Strains of the Trypanosomatid Parasite, Leishmania tarentolae

U-insertion/deletion RNA editing is a post-transcriptional mitochondrial RNA modification phenomenon required for viability of trypanosomatid parasites. Small guide RNAs encoded mainly by the thousands of catenated minicircles contain the information for this editing. We analyzed by NGS technology the mitochondrial genomes and transcriptomes of two strains, the old lab UC strain and the recently isolated LEM125 strain. PacBio sequencing provided complete minicircle sequences which avoided the assembly problem of short reads caused by the conserved regions. Minicircles were identified by a characteristic size, the presence of three short conserved sequences, a region of inherently bent DNA and the presence of single gRNA genes at a fairly defined location. The LEM125 strain contained over 114 minicircles encoding different gRNAs and the UC strain only ~24 minicircles. Some LEM125 minicircles contained no identifiable gRNAs. Approximate copy numbers of the different minicircle classes in the network were determined by the number of PacBio CCS reads that assembled to each class. Mitochondrial RNA libraries from both strains were mapped against the minicircle and maxicircle sequences. Small RNA reads mapped to the putative gRNA genes but also to multiple regions outside the genes on both strands and large RNA reads mapped in many cases over almost the entire minicircle on both strands. These data suggest that minicircle transcription is complete and bidirectional, with 3’ processing yielding the mature gRNAs. Steady state RNAs in varying abundances are derived from all maxicircle genes, including portions of the repetitive divergent region. The relative extents of editing in both strains correlated with the presence of a cascade of cognate gRNAs. These data should provide the foundation for a deeper understanding of this dynamic genetic system as well as the evolutionary variation of editing in different strains.
Gene effect and heterosis in Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum

Heterosis has been exploited in Capsicum annuum commercial hybrids; however, the use of heterosis in C. baccatum still remains to be explored, and studies related to the genetics and breeding of this species are scarce. The present study aimed to estimate the combining ability of five parents of C. baccatum var. pendulum , representatives of two distinct types of fruits (namely, lady's finger and cambuci), to calculate heterosis and to evaluate the agronomic potential of the hybrids for yield and fruit quality. The hybrids were produced from a complete diallel without reciprocals. The parents and hybrids were evaluated under field conditions in a randomized block design with three replications, and the following traits were assessed: number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, yield per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter and soluble solids. All traits were significant for general and specific combining ability, indicating that additive and non-additive effects are involved in the genetic control of these traits. The hybrid combinations between the types lady's finger and cambuci provided elongated fruits with smaller diameters and greater weight compared with the parents of the cambuci type. However, these factors did not lead to a significant increase in the yield per plant due to the decreased number of fruits except in hybrid UENF 1616 x UENF 1732. Considering only the parents and hybrids within each type of fruit, the genitor UENF 1624 (lady's finger) and the hybrid UENF 1639 x UENF 1732 (cambuci x cambuci) stood out for achieving a high yield per plant.
Experiences With a Platform for Frequency-Agile Techniques

One of the challenges impeding the development of frequency-agile interfaces is the lack of a robust platform that allows fine grain frequency control. As part of an NSF program to develop an experimental platform for software defined radio we have developed a FPGAbased software defined radio using an OFDM waveform. The current platform can transmit OFDM packets using a 256-FFT with sufficient robustness to be received by commodity 802.11g radios. Now that ”backward compatibility” has been implemented, the platform is being evolved to provide a number of profiles more suitable for frequencyagile experimentation. In particular, we provide interfaces to control individual subcarriers using specific modulations (BPSK, QPSK, QAM) and to aggregate ”bundles” of subcarriers into distinct radio interfaces that can be controlled at the application layer. This paper focuses on the architectural and design choices made on the transmit end of the radio to support this functionality; suprisingly, the system is difficult to build using existing SDR development frameworks such as GNU Radio. The end result is a radio system that lets applications “dial down” the bandwidth they use or to sense and react to subcarrier specific fades and interference. We believe this platform will enable expanded experimentation in frequency agile research.
Functional MRI Evidence for Distinctive Binding and Consolidation Pathways for Face-Name Associations: Analysis of Activation Maps and BOLD Response Amplitudes

Objective: Although some of the anatomical underpinnings of learning and memory systems have been identified, there remains little understanding of how the brain moves from acquiring new information to retaining it. This study was designed to further explore and elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying encoding and memory in a common real-life task, that is, face-name associations. One possible outcome is that the tasks will recruit different neural structures mediating these processes, which can be identified through contrast analysis of activations. Alternatively, it is possible that similar anatomical regions, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, may be involved in both tasks. In that case, analysis of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) amplitude differences between the tasks in those common neural structures may be able to detect whether physiological activation differences occur in encoding versus memory. Methods: Five healthy adult participants underwent high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while learning face-name pairs (encoding phase) and during a multiple-choice recognition task after a brief delay (memory phase). Average activation and BOLD response amplitudes in specific regions of interest and whole-brain activation maps were analyzed. Results: Common activations were observed in the encoding and recognition memory tasks in several regions of interest encompassing the medial temporal and inferior occipital regions. However, higher BOLD response amplitudes occurred in the right fusiform gyrus and the right hippocampus during encoding. In contrast, higher amplitudes were detected in the lingual gyrus bilaterally during recognition memory. Encoding activated distributed prefrontal and temporal cortical regions bilaterally, which mediate attentional, executive, language, and memory systems. Recognition memory recruited a different network of regions encompassing convergence zones in the left prefrontal cortex and the parietal-occipital-temporal region bilaterally, where multimodal visual association, language, memory, and decision-making systems interact. Conclusions: Higher BOLD response amplitudes in the right fusiform gyrus and the right hippocampus during face-name encoding suggest a potentially specific binding pathway where disparate information might be neurally linked. In contrast, the increased BOLD response in the lingual gyrus during recognition memory may indicate a key neural substrate for memory consolidation and long-term knowledge of what is learned. Whole-brain activation maps revealed task-specific differences in areas of the prefrontal, temporal, and occipital-parietal-temporal junctions as well. Findings suggest that there are distinctive anatomical and physiological nodes for face-name learning and memory within large-scale cortical-subcortical networks. Hence, lesions in fairly widespread cerebral regions may potentially disrupt specific binding and/or memory consolidation processes.
Exploring the Role of Touch in the First Year of Life: Mothers' Perspectives of Tactile Interactions with Their Infants

Introduction: Touch is a basic instinctual interaction between a parent and his or her infant and has a vital role in the infant's early development. Parents provide a variety of tactile stimulation while addressing their infant's daily care routines. This paper reports on research findings, exploring the nature of this tactile interaction and how it is influenced by personal and contextual factors. Method: A qualitative study, employing a phenomenological approach, was conducted to explore the experiential nature of tactile interaction. Data were collected from six mothers of typically developing infants through single semi-structured interviews, and analysed thematically. Credibility and trustworthiness were addressed throughout the research process through peer checking, an audit trail and the completion of a reflexive diary. Findings: The mothers described the importance of tactile interaction as a medium through which to bond with their infant and also discussed the influence that the infant's development has on this dyadic relationship. Personal and contextual factors were identified as affecting engagement in tactile interaction. Conclusion: Based on these findings, recommendations are made for occupational therapists who work with infants. The consideration of personal and contextual factors that influence mother-infant tactile interaction will contribute to a family-centred approach to therapy and support the achievement of best practice in this area.
Causal Logic Models

Despite their success in transferring the powerful human faculty of causal reasoning to a mathematical and computational form, causal models have not been widely used in the context of core AI applications such as robotics. In this paper, we argue that this discrepancy is due to the static, propositional nature of existing causality formalisms that make them difficult to apply in dynamic real-world situations where the variables of interest are not necessarily known a priori. We define Causal Logic Models (CLMs), a new probabilistic, first-order representation which uses causality as a fundamental building block. Rather than merely converting causal rules to first-order logic as various methods in Statistical Relational Learning have done, we treat the causal rules as basic primitives which cannot be altered without changing the system. We provide sketches of algorithms for causal reasoning using CLMs, preliminary results for causal explanation, and explore the significant differences between causal reasoning in CLMs and fixed causal graphs, including the non-locality of manipulation and the non-commutability between observation and manipulation.
Unsatisfactory Performance of Flow Cytometer UF-100 and Urine Strips in Predicting Outcome of Urine Cultures

ABSTRACT UF-100 flow cytometer and urine strip results were cross-interpreted to predict culture outcomes. The best negative predictive value was obtained with bacteria at ≥1,000/μl, white blood cells at ≥20/μl, or leukocyte esterase positivity. Nine of 24 false negatives were clinically significant. Thus, UF-100 and urine strip results do not accurately predict the outcome of cultures.
Prefrontal Response and Frontostriatal Functional Connectivity to Monetary Reward in Abstinent Alcohol-Dependent Young Adults

Although altered function in neural reward circuitry is widely proposed in models of addiction, more recent conceptual views have emphasized the role of disrupted response in prefrontal regions. Changes in regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are postulated to contribute to the compulsivity, impulsivity, and altered executive function that are central to addiction. In addition, few studies have examined function in these regions during young adulthood, when exposure is less chronic than in typical samples of alcohol-dependent adults. To address these issues, we examined neural response and functional connectivity during monetary reward in 24 adults with alcohol dependence and 24 psychiatrically healthy adults. Adults with alcohol dependence exhibited less response to the receipt of monetary reward in a set of prefrontal regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Adults with alcohol dependence also exhibited greater negative correlation between function in each of these regions and that in the nucleus accumbens. Within the alcohol-dependent group, those with family history of alcohol dependence exhibited lower mPFC response, and those with more frequent drinking exhibited greater negative functional connectivity between the mPFC and the nucleus accumbens. These findings indicate that alcohol dependence is associated with less engagement of prefrontal cortical regions, suggesting weak or disrupted regulation of ventral striatal response. This pattern of prefrontal response and frontostriatal connectivity has consequences for the behavior patterns typical of addiction. Furthermore, brain-behavior findings indicate that the potential mechanisms of disruption in frontostriatal circuitry in alcohol dependence include family liability to alcohol use problems and more frequent use of alcohol. In all, these findings build on the extant literature on reward-circuit function in addiction and suggest mechanisms for disrupted function in alcohol dependence.
IPOM: Interactive proxy management in future communication networks using OpenFlow

The network structure of current experimental facilities is often determined by the sites participating in the test bed. At each site, there are many nodes, typically connected by a simple switched network. The connectivity between the sites is predefined by the topology of the connecting IP network. The advantages of this architecture is the low acquisition cost and the simple extensibility. The major drawback is that the topology is fixed and does not reflect the structures found in most large-scale networks and the Internet itself. Therefore, we propose an Interactive PrOxy Management (IPOM) tool which enables us to define and emulate networks of arbitrary complexity on top of existing experimental facilities by means of OpenFlow [1] and network emulating proxy nodes. This architecture does not require any physical changes to the experimental facility and switching between different network topology setups is performed within seconds.
Visual diversity and user interface quality

Live graphical user interfaces (GUIs) do change responding to user actions, unlike GUI screenshots, which are often used in studies. The user experiences and is affected by transitions between the layouts (e.g., webpages or mobile app screens) of interactive systems. Such transitions affect the overall impression of system quality and should be accounted for by any model or computational method estimating the quality and claiming high ecological validity. However, the recent efforts aspiring to predict GUI quality computationally have only relied on homepages or home screens of apps, or their screenshots. The dynamics of GUI -- GUI change across pages and layouts, or shorter, visual diversity -- have been given little attention. Here we present an initial exploration of GUI visual diversity. In three studies, we demonstrate that a) GUI diversity can be measured computationally; b) GUI diversity correlates with GUI aesthetics impression and other, more high-level GUI-preference constructs; and c) GUI diversity matters in both website and mobile app contexts. We believe the concept of GUI visual diversity deserves further studies.
k-symmetry model for identity anonymization in social networks

With more and more social network data being released, protecting the sensitive information within social networks from leakage has become an important concern of publishers. Adversaries with some background structural knowledge about a target individual can easily re-identify him from the network, even if the identifiers have been replaced by randomized integers(i.e., the network is naively-anonymized). Since there exists numerous topological information that can be used to attack a victim's privacy, to resist such structural re-identification becomes a great challenge. Previous works only investigated a minority of such structural attacks, without considering protecting against re-identification under any potential structural knowledge about a target. To achieve this objective, in this paper we propose k-symmetry model, which modifies a naively-anonymized network so that for any vertex in the network, there exist at least k -- 1 structurally equivalent counterparts. We also propose sampling methods to extract approximate versions of the original network from the anonymized network so that statistical properties of the original network could be evaluated. Extensive experiments show that we can successfully recover a variety of such properties of the original network through aggregations on quite a small number of sample graphs.
Class Struggle and the American Revolution

HE Richmond Enquirer of May io, i86i, commenting on a statement in a recent Washington Star to the effect that General Winfield Scott, at the age of seventy-six, "is true to the principles of '76," declared "precisely so-but whose principles of '76? Certainly not those of Virginia, or any one of the 'old thirteen,' for they fought for the right of self-government-a right which Gen. Scott denies, and is endeavoring to prevent the exercise of, by the sword. At the age of 76, Gen. Scott is precisely where every American Tory was found in '76, on the side of the enemies of his own State and people. He is, indeed, true to the Tory principles of '76. " A century has elapsed since Fort Sumter, but the nature of the American Revolution is still unsettled. If, with the Richmond Enquirer, we concede that the American Revolution was a war for political independence, self-determination, and states' rights, we cannot summarily divest it of its nationalistic and centrifugal character. Similarly, granting its legalistic and constitutional base, we cannot so casually strip it of its egalitarian and democratic impulses. It is two hundred years since James Otis made his renowned writs of assistance speech, since the day when John Adams, with perhaps pardonable exaggeration, declared "the child Independence was born. "' Two hundred years should have brought us perspective and some degree of objectivity toward venerable events. Certainly it seems appropriate that an age swept by political, social, and technological revolution should reexamine that fountainhead of modern revolutionary experience, the American War for Independence, and test anew, on the basis of the most recent evidence, the validity of the hypotheses which varying schools of historiography have fashioned to explain this complex struggle. We have been enlightened by a variety of interpretations of the American Revolution: Whig and Tory, national and imperial, Populist-Progres-
Enhanced Binding of Antibodies to Neutralization Epitopes following Thermal and Chemical Inactivation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

ABSTRACT Inactivation of viral particles is the basis for several vaccines currently in use. Initial attempts to use simian immunodeficiency virus to model a killed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine were unsuccessful, and limited subsequent effort has been directed toward a systematic study of the requirements for a protective killed HIV-1 vaccine. Recent insights into HIV-1 virion and glycoprotein structure and neutralization epitopes led us to revisit whether inactivated HIV-1 particles could serve as the basis for an HIV-1 vaccine. Our results indicate that relatively simple processes involving thermal and chemical inactivation can inactivate HIV-1 by at least 7 logs. For some HIV-1 strains, significant amounts of envelope glycoproteins are retained in high-molecular-weight fractions. Importantly, we demonstrate retention of each of three conformation-dependent neutralization epitopes. Moreover, reactivity of monoclonal antibodies directed toward these epitopes is increased following treatment, suggesting greater exposure of the epitopes. In contrast, treatment of free envelope under the same conditions leads only to decreased antibody recognition. These inactivated virions can also be presented by human dendritic cells to direct a cell-mediated immune response in vitro. These data indicate that a systematic study of HIV-1 inactivation, gp120 retention, and epitope reactivity with conformation-specific neutralizing antibodies can provide important insights for the development of an effective killed HIV-1 vaccine.