Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A maximum a posteriori MIMO detector using recursive metric computations

A complexity reduction technique for soft-output maximum a posteriori probability detection in wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels using rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations is derived. In contrast to existing low-complexity detection schemes that reduce the number of candidate tests, we instead focus on lowering the computational burden per candidate. The search over a large number of hypotheses to generate output L-values is facilitated by a doubly recursive mechanism, exploiting differential updates of the distance metrics from candidate to candidate. Moreover, the search over all transmit candidates is simplified using a hierarchical "triangular" (zig-zag) shaped candidate scanning order. The technique is derived conceptually using mathematical terms, and then illustrated by means of a 2 times 2 MIMO system using 64-QAM modulation. Under certain practical assumptions, the new scheme is shown to reduce the overall number of operations per candidate by a factor of about 50-100. While the concept is demonstrated by means of the exhaustive search case, it can be combined with other search-based MIMO detection techniques such as spherical decoding
TOWARDS AN E-GOVERNMENT LAB

E-government is emerging as the new way of coordinating relationships with business and citizens as the result of technological developments As such it requires the cooperation between many government organizations, the redesign of business processes, functions and responsibilities and the identification of opportunities enabled by information and communication technology. New government concepts need to be developed, tested and imbedded in the existing ICTarchitectures The goal of this paper is to identify the foundations for an ‘e-government laboratory’ and to explain the crucial role of simulation. In this paper the ideas behind the e-government laboratory are presented, the role of simulation is explained and a pilot project is presented. The pilot project is a simulation study to visualize the opportunities and implications of an open, flexible approach for service provision.
Type-Based Speculative Specialization in a Telescoping Compiler for Matlab

Telescoping languages is a strategy to automatically generate highly-optimized domain-specific libraries. The key idea is to create specialized variants of library procedures through extensive offline processing. This paper describes a telescoping system, called ARGen, which generates highperformance Fortran or C libraries from prototype Matlab code for the linear algebra library, ARPACK. ARGen uses variable types to guide procedure specializations on possible calling contexts. We show that type-based specializations of generated libraries can lead to more than 50% speedup. ARGen needs to infer Matlab types in order to speculate on the possible variants of library procedures, as well as to generate code. This paper develops an approach combining static and dynamic type inference that includes a graphtheoretic algorithm that is shown to be efficient under a set of conditions that are easily met for most practical cases. The ideas developed here provide a basis for building a more general telescoping system for Matlab [22].
Embedding Population Dynamics Models in Inference

Increasing pressures on the environment are generating an ever-increasing need to manage animal and plant populations sustainably, and to protect and rebuild endangered populations. Effective management requires reliable mathematical models, so that the effects of management action can be predicted, and the uncertainty in these predictions quantified. These models must be able to predict the response of populations to anthropogenic change, while handling the major sources of uncertainty. We describe a simple ``building block'' approach to formulating discrete-time models. We show how to estimate the parameters of such models from time series of data, and how to quantify uncertainty in those estimates and in numbers of individuals of different types in populations, using computer-intensive Bayesian methods. We also discuss advantages and pitfalls of the approach, and give an example using the British grey seal population.
Enhancing User Control on Personal Data Usage in Internet of Things Ecosystems

Internet of Things (IoT) services are improving our life, supporting people in a variety of situations. However, due to the high volume of managed personal data, they can be a serious threat for individuals privacy. Users data are commonly gathered by devices scattered in the IoT, each of which sees a portion of them. The combination of different data may lead to infer users sensitive information. The distributed nature and the complexity of the IoT scenario cause users to lose the control on how their data are handled. In this paper, we start addressing this issue with a framework that empowers users to better control data management within IoT ecosystems. A novel privacy reference model allows users to state how their data can be processed and what cannot be inferred from them, and a dedicated mechanism allows enforcing the stated references. Experimental results show the efficiency of the enforcement.
School Boards and School Restructuring: A Contradiction in Terms?.

This paper examines the role of the school board as a player in school "restructuring. " Defining restructuring as the transformation of schools into equitable learning environments, this paper examines whether school boards have a leadership role in restructuring. Data were derived from 7( literature review, a questionnaire of individual board memb-rs and intact boards, a case study of a rural county board, and personal experience. The following barriers to the school board in assuming a leadership role are identified: (1) the board's function is ambiguous; (2) board members lack knowledge about new teaching and learning conceptions; (3) board processes are reactive rather than proactive; (4) board members act individually; (5) boards do not necessarily represent the general public; (6) the board's relationship with its superintendent is often unbalanced; (7) board members have no independent sources of information; and (8) boards serve symbolic purposes. A conclusion is that the school board is a conservative, symbolic institution that furthers the belief in local control by engaging in rituals that uphold the status quo. The board as a whole is not structured to provide leadership for change. Boards, leadership, and restructuring are therefore incompatible terms. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************** The National Center for Educational Leadership (NCEL) Symposium: The Role of Leadership in School Reform SCHOOL BOARDS AND SCHOOL RESTRUCTURING: A CONTRADICTION IN TERMS? Sharon F. Rallis The Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast and the Islands U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 614: document hes Peen reproduced es received Irom the person Or organization originating a CI Minor chanois have bean mid* to Improve reprOduction quality Points& view or opinions stated in tnis docu merit do nO1 necessarily represent official OE RI position or policy with Joy Criscoe Vanderbilt University April, 1993 -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATE tAL HAS BEEN CetANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFOQMATION CENTER (ERIC) This draft has been prepared for presentation as a part of an NCEL symposium at the 1993 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association in Atlanta. The work for this paper was, in part, funded by NCEL.
Conflict Resolution and a Framework for Collaborative Interactive Evolution

Interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) has proven useful in a variety of applications by combining the subjective evaluation of a user with the massive parallel search power of the genetic algorithm (GA). Here, we articulate a framework for an extension of IEC into collaborative interactive evolution, in which multiple users guide the evolutionary process. In doing so, we introduce the ability for users to combine their efforts for the purpose of evolving effective solutions to problems. This necessarily gives rise to the possibility of conflict between users. We draw on the salient features of the GA to resolve these conflicts and lay the foundation for this new paradigm to be used as a tool for conflict resolution in complex group-wise human-computer interaction tasks.
What Comparative Genomics Tells Us About the Evolution of Eukaryotic Genes Involved in Recombination

The growing number of completely deciphered genomic sequences provides an enormous reservoir of data, which can be used for addressing questions related to functional and evolutionary biology. The wealth of this approach is documented by the fast growing numbers of recent publications in the field of evolutionary biology based on comparative genomics. Many proteins of the recombination machinery are conserved between plants, fungi and animals but some of them also show remarkable differences regarding their presence, copy number or molecular structure. For example, the protein responsible for double strand break (DSB) induction during meiosis, SPO11, which is related to the subunit A of the archaebacterial topoisomerase VI, is coded by a single gene in animals and fungi. In contrast, plants harbour three distantly related homologues, which seem to have non-redundant functions either in meiosis or in somatic cells and are indispensable for viability. Moreover, plants possess a homologue of the subunit B of the archaebacterial topoisomerase VI, not present in other eukaryotes. We also summarise the recent progress in the usage of genomic data to analyse the evolution of other DNA recombination factors. Finally, several recent studies report on a strong conservation of a reasonable number of intron positions between plants, animals and fungi. This kind of study provides a basis for comparative genomic analyses across kingdoms and demonstrates the existence of ancient introns, a topic of intensive debate.
sNerve regeneration in Wld mice is normalized by actinomycin

s s Injured nerves of Wld mice neither degenerate nor regenerate for several weeks. We have conjectured that Wld axons have the ability to regenerate but its expression is impaired by the Schwann cells of the undegenerated distal stump. To test this conjecture, transcription was locally arrested with actinomycin D (ActD), nerves were crushed, and regrowth was evaluated. In normal CD1 nerves injected with ActD 3 days before the crush, the rate of elongation was not affected but the delay of regrowth was shortened. In sharp contrast, ActD s s normalized the elongation of Wld axons. When Wld nerves were crushed past the treated segment, axons did not regenerate. After 7, but s s not 4, days of treatment, intact CD1 and Wld axons presented a local sprouting response. We conclude that Wld axons can regenerate in a normal way but do not do so because the undegenerated Schwann cells of the distal stump repress the regrowth program. We present a model axon that includes a destruction program and a post-transcriptional trophic regulation of its phenotype.  2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Themes: Development and regeneration Topics: Regeneration
Personalized Image Tag Recommendation Algorithm for Web2.0 Platform Utilizing Tensor Factorization

In this paper, we a novel personalized image tag recommendation algorithm based on tensor factorization which is suitable to be used in the Web2.0 Platform. Firstly, the framework of the personalized image tag recommendation system is given, which is made up of three parts: 1) collecting the history of user tagging behaviors, 2) modeling the user interests from the tagging history, 3) obtaining the personalized image tag recommendation results through combining the image features and user interests together based on tensor factorization. Secondly, the tensor factorization based personalized image tag recommendation algorithm is given. The main work of this paper lies in that given a specific user, the proposed algorithm provide a set of personalized tags which are ranked according to the relative degree to user interests. Furthermore, the personalized image tags can be obtained by calculating the predictor through multiplying three feature matrices which represent the information of users, tags, and images respectively. Finally, experiments are conducted to make performance using the NUS-WIDE dataset under evaluation metric MRR, S@k, and P@k respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can provide personalized image tags more accurately than other methods.
PORTFOLIO SELECTION UNDER EXPONENTIAL AND QUADRATIC UTILITY

The production or marketing portfolio that is optimal under the assumption of quadratic utility may or may not be optimal under the assumption of exponential utility. In certain cases, the necessary and sufficient condition for an identical solution is that absolute risk aversion coefficients associated with the two utility functions be the same. In other cases, equality of risk aversion coefficients is a sufficient condition only. A comparison is made between use of exponential and quadratic utility in the analysis of a California farmer's marketing problem.
Design strategy for high performance 60 GHz CMOS power amplifiers

This paper presents a systematic design procedure for compact and high performance millimeter-wave power amplifiers based on distributed-transformers. For this purpose scalable models for on-chip transformers and power combiners are introduced. The developed scalable models helped achieving a much faster design reiteration time and higher performances for the power amplifier. Finally, using these models a 60 GHz CMOS power amplifier has been designed. The measured results of the power amplifier show 17 dB gain, 18 dBm saturated output power, 15 dBm output power at 1 dB compression point with 0.5 mm2 chip size.
Fibrillar organization of fibronectin is expressed coordinately with cell surface gangliosides in a variant murine fibroblast

NCTC 2071A cells, a line of transformed murine fibroblasts, grow in serum-free medium, are deficient in gangliosides, synthesize fibronectin, but do not retain and organize it on the cell surface. When the cells are exposed to exogenous gangliosides, fibrillar strands of fibronectin become attached to the cell surface. A morphologically distinct variant of NCTC 2071A cells was observed to both retain cell surface fibronectin and organize it into a fibrillar network when the cells were stained with anti-fibronectin antibodies and a fluorescent second antibody. A revertant cell type appeared to resemble the parental NCTC 2071A cells in terms of morphology and fibronectin organization. All three cell types were subjected to mild NaIO4 oxidation and reduction with KB3H4 of very high specific radioactivity in order to label the sialic acid residues of surface gangliosides. The variant had much more surface gangliosides than the parental, particularly more complex gangliosides corresponding to GM1 and GD1a. The surface gangliosides of the revertant were intermediate between the parental and the variant. By using sialidase, which hydrolyzes GD1a to GM1, and 125I-labeled cholera toxin, which binds specifically to GM1, the identity and levels of these gangliosides were confirmed in the three cell types. When variant cells were exposed to sialidase for 2 d, there appeared to be little change in fibronectin organization. Concomitant treatment of the cells with the B subunit of cholera toxin, which bound to all the surface GM1 including that generated by the sialidase, however, eliminated the fibrillar network of fibronectin. In addition, exposure of the variant cells to a 70,000-mol-wt fragment of fibronectin, which lacks the cell attachment domain but contains a matrix assembly domain, inhibited the formation of fibers. Finally, all three cell types were assayed for their ability to attach to and spread on fibronectin-coated surfaces; no significant differences were found. Our results further establish that the ability of a cell to organize fibronectin into an extracellular matrix is dependent on certain gangliosides, but they also indicate that cell adhesion to fibronectin is independent of these gangliosides. We suggest that matrix organization and cell attachment and spreading are based on separate mechanisms and that these functions are associated with different cell surface "receptors. "
Active notifications

Some modern version-control systems automatically generate notifications as side effects of checking-in versions. We consider here the dual idea of automatically checking-in versions as side effects of manual email notification about them. This approach combines the benefits of current email, file, and version-control systems, offering a familiar and available user-interface, version management, and actor and observer control on sharing. It can be designed to (a) allow its benefits to be proportional to the degree of autonomy among the systems of various collaborators, and (b) co-exist with existing sharing approaches.
Is Credé's prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum still valid?

Carl Credes silver nitrate prophylaxis represented a tremendous step forward in the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) in newborns in the 19th century. However this original prophylaxis is mainly effective against gonococcal ophthalmia and chlamydial ON is now more widespread in the contemporary world. Silver nitrate has also been noted to cause chemical conjunctivitis. In industrialized countries where ON is no longer a public health problem and different strategies for prevention are available prophylaxis at birth has been stopped opting instead for early treatment. But growing populations urbanization and increasing promiscuity have caused a rising incidence of ON in these countries. Preventing infection of the neonate through routine prophylaxis with topical antibiotics may be feasible but it carries the risk of resistance especially in patients with ON due to gonococcal infection. Povidone-iodine as a topical anti-infective appears to be an effective and cheap alternative. Further epidemiological research and monitoring of the incidence of ON and the prevalence of the various agents in different parts of the world are needed so that prevention and treatment can be adjusted accordingly and experience with new options can be analyzed for wide use.
THE SCIENCE BEHIND MILK EJECTION

Suckling not only provides the young with nutrients but is also a way to establish social contact between the mother and young. The biology of the milk ejection reflex has therefore been of considerable scientific interest both in farm and wild animals. It is well known that species differences exist when it comes to the biology of milk ejection, such as hormonal release during suckling. In some species milk let down can only occur if the young is present. In pigs, for instance, the oxytocin release during suckling is related to frequency of the sow’s grunting. Furthermore, the significance of the anatomy of the mammary gland for milk ejection and milk removal has been observed. However, in the following the milk ejection in dairy cows will be discussed. Anatomical Arrangements of the Udder of Importance For Milk Ejection The udder of the dairy cow consists of four separate quarters, each with a teat. During normal circumstances milk produced in one gland can never pass over to the other glands and during milking the milk is released from each gland independently. Usually, milk flow from the front and rear quarters respectively is equal. However, milk flow from the different quarters can also be quiet different, where one gland might have long milking time and low milk flow rates, while another gland within the same udder might have a short milking time with high milk flow rates (Seeman, 1997), where the difference probably indicates some kind of disturbances in the udder. The milk is synthesised in the epithelial cells of the alveoli and is stored in the alveolus, ducts and cisterns. In an udder filled with milk, usually less than 20 % of the milk is stored in the cisternal compartment (udder and teat cisterns and the bigger milk ducts) (Bruckmaier et al., 1994b), while the rest of the milk is stored in the smaller ducts and the alveolus. From a milking point of view this has to be considered, since removal of alveolar milk is only possible through activation of the milk ejection reflex, while the cisternal milk can be removed by overcoming the
Elevated factor VIII level and stroke in patients without traditional risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases

Introduction Hemostasis is affected by interactions between physiological processes, including those connected with the coagulation system, whose essence is converting fibrinogen into fibrin. The role of factor VIII (FVIII) consists in activating factor X, which directly participates in the generation of thrombin, which is able to produce stable fibrin, which in turn forms blood clots. There are divergent opinions regarding the significance of high levels of FVIII in stroke pathogenesis. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate FVIII activity in individuals with cryptogenic stroke in order to determine a potential relationship between it and cerebral ischemia. Material and methods Nine patients suffering with stroke were used in this study: six women and three men aged 49–63 years. In all of the patients, the presence of known and potential risk factors for stroke had been excluded during previous diagnostic procedures. These patients accounted for 1.2% of the 719 people who suffered a stroke and were hospitalized in 2011 at the Stroke Unit. FVIII activity was examined in each of the nine qualified subjects within 1–2 months of the occurrence of stroke (the first test) and repeated (the second test) in five patients with abnormal results obtained from the first examination. Results Increased activity of FVIII was found in 5 out of 9 patients. In patients with abnormal results, elevated FVIII was found in follow-up examinations in the 8th–10th month following stroke. Hemodynamic abnormalities in carotid or cerebral artery (presence of thrombus) were found in 3 of the 5 patients with increased FVIII levels. In the first 24 hours following stroke the neurological state of patients with abnormal FVIII was worse than individuals with normal FVIII activity. The patients with abnormal FVIII levels were found to be more disabled in the examination of self-dependence on the 90th day after stroke. Conclusion When searching for the causes of stroke, it is worth examining the coagulation system, including FVIII concentration, the abnormality of which may play a significant part in brain ischemia. More research is needed to determine the relationship between abnormal FVIII activity and stroke.