Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crisis 2.0: La necesidad de un modelo integrado de comunicación

Despues de las grandes crisis ocurridas durante la decada de los ochenta el derrame del Exxon Valdez y el retiro de productos por Johnson & Johnson , academicos provenientes de diferentes disciplinas comenzaron a desarrollar modelos preventivos y de post crisis para preparar comunicacionalmente a las organizaciones, aplicando diversas teorias de las ciencias sociales y del area administrativa. Sin embargo, con la introduccion de la plataforma web 2.0 un nuevo tipo de crisis ha surgido, cuyo inicio no responde a un error sino a la descontextualizacion y masificacion de un mensaje, caracteristica que los modelos anteriores no contemplan. El siguiente articulo explica este fenomeno y propone estrategias preventivas de inoculacion como respuesta. Palabras clave: crisis comunicacionales; web 2.0; gestion de imagen; teoria de atribucion; inoculacion After a series of major crisis during the 1980’s, such as the Johnson & Johnson recall and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, scholars from different disciplines began developing communication models to prepare organizations for crisis prevention and management by drawing on theories from social sciences and management. With the introduction of the web 2.0, however, a new type of crisis has emerged that arises not from errors, but from the difussion of decontextualized messages. The following article aims to explore this new phenomenon and propose the application of inoculation theory as a proactive strategy of crisis response. Keywords: Communication crisis; web 2.0; brand management; attribution theory; inoculation.
Nitrous Oxide Emissions and the Use of Wetlands for Water Quality Amelioration

Wetlands ameliorate nitrate pollution but have also been recognized as a source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. Nitrate and N2O fluxes were studied in an experimental wetland in mid-Wales. Diversion of water inflows caused a 200% increase in nitrate release and a >95% decline in nitrous oxide emission over a 20-week period. The responses were attributed to the onset of drier (more aerobic) conditions causing (i) aerobic mineralization and nitrification of N-containing compounds that had previously been immobilized within the wetlands (releasing nitrate) and (ii) the absence of anaerobic denitrification (a potent mech anism for nitrate elimination and source of N2O), allowing NO3-N to leave the wetland. The responses were instantaneously reversible upon re-initiation of the nitrate inflow, indicating a close hydrological coupling between nitrate removal and nitrous oxide emission processes.
Field Guide To Eucalypts

The genus 'Eucalyptus' includes over 800 species of which over 326 are treated in Australia. This volume covers the southern part of Western Australia -- including the Great Victoria Desert -- and extends across the Nullabor Plain, to most of South Australia and into areas of New South Wales which lie to the north and west of the River Darling. Since the first edition, many new species have been formally named. The numerous subsequent discoveries are included in the Appendix of the volume. In addition, the layout of the book has been updated and reorganised to be consistent with the latest formal classification of the genus.
Plug&Play site management or, why your solar panel should be like your webcam

Automation and monitoring systems for industrial and commercial sites (short: Site Management Systems) often grow organically, hence they need to be able to integrate large numbers of heterogeneous devices, based on both legacy and novel tools and systems. Currently, many standards are used in the site management field for both control (e.g., KNX, BACNet, LON) and communication (e.g., WiFi, Ethernet). Different systems are responsible for different tasks and parts of the site. Since they are usually not designed to interoperate, the site manager is forced to choose one that suits most of her needs, forgoing features offered by alternative solutions. I.e, the flexibility of the site manager is limited. Moreover, site management systems often require technical personnel for installation, calibration and configuration, and are not designed to be modified frequently to adapt to changes. Because of this, the site manager is discouraged from changing the settings of the system or from adding or updating devices, by lack of technical knowledge and by high costs. In other words, a site management system that makes adding new devices, e.g., solar panels, as easy as plugging in and using a webcam is needed.
Cancer rates in Europe are linked to overweight, experts warn

Overweight and obesity account for over 50 000 “avoidable” cases of cancer in European Union countries every year, 9000 of which are in the United Kingdom alone. Speaking at a conference in London on obesity, nutrition, and cancer last week, organised by the World Cancer Research Fund and sponsored by the Department of Health, experts warned that the rapidly rising prevalence of obesity is taking a huge toll on global health. Obesity is thought to increase the overall risk of cancer by 25% in men and 37% in women, and it particularly …
Efficacy and Safety of Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection in Patients with Detrusor Hyperactivity and Impaired Contractility

We investigated the efficacy and safety of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection in patients with detrusor hyperactivity and impaired contractility (DHIC). Twenty-one patients with urodynamically proven DHIC and 21 age-matched patients with overactive bladder (OAB) with urodynamic detrusor overactivity were treated with intravesical injections of 100 U of onabotulinumtoxinA. The overactive bladder symptom score, urgency severity score, patient perception of bladder condition, global response assessment, voiding diary, and procedure-related adverse events (AE) at baseline, two weeks, one, three, and six months after treatment were assessed. The results showed that the subjective symptom scores improved significantly in both groups, and the scores did not differ between the groups. The decrease in urgency episodes and urgency urinary incontinence were noted in OAB patients but not in DHIC patients. Although the incidence of AEs was comparable between the groups, the therapeutic efficacy lasted for a mean of 4.9 ± 4.8 months in DHIC patients and 7.2 ± 3.3 months in OAB patients (p = 0.03). We concluded that the efficacy of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA injection for DHIC patients was limited and short-term. Nevertheless, AEs did not increase in DHIC. Intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA might not be a good indication in patients with DHIC and high post-voiding residual urine. Physicians should inform patients of the potential benefits and risks of onabotulinumtoxinA injection for treatment of DHIC.
Sunlight Illumination Simulation for Archaeological Investigation-Case Study of the Fugoppe Cave -

The Fugoppe Cave, located in northern Japan, is a natural cave in tertiary tufaceous rocks. Archaeologists believe that ancient painters and sculptors worked inside the cave using artificial lights such as torches. In contrast, we argue that there is a possibility that they used natural light such as sunlight, since an accumulation of soot, which is a side e ffect of using torches, is rarely found in the cave. However, our argument could be countered by the question of whether the natural light could enter and su fficiently illuminate the walls inside the cave. In order to verify our theory, we attempted to simulate how natural light might illuminate the interior walls by using a 3D model of the cave which we obtained from our proposed modeling system, and to examine the possibility that ancient painters and sculptors worked under natural illumination.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Resolution approach for multi-objective problems with uncertain demands

The job-shop scheduling problem (JSP) is one of the hardest problems (NP-complete problem). In a lot of cases, the combination of goals and resource exponentially increases search space. The objective of resolution of such a problem is generally, to maximize the production with a lower cost and makespan. In this paper, we explain how to modify the objective function of genetic algorithms to treat the multi-objective problem and to generate a set of diversified ‘‘optimal’’ solutions in order to help decision maker. We are interested in one of the problems occurring in the production workshops where the list of demands is split into firm (certain) jobs and predicted jobs. One wishes to maximize the produced quantity, while minimizing as well as possible the makespan and the production costs. Genetic algorithms are used to find the scheduling solution of the firm jobs because they are well adapted to the treatment of the multi-objective optimization problems. The predicted jobs will be inserted in the real solutions (given by genetic algorithms). The solutions proposed by our approach are compared to the lower bound of the cost and makespan in order to prove the quality and robustness of our proposed approach. 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Deformation in the Vicinity of Ice Divides

Abstract Numerical calculations by finite elements show that the variation of horizontal velocity with depth in the vicinity of a symmetric, isothermal, non-slipping ice ridge deforming on a flat bed is approximately consistent with prediction from laminar flow theory except in a zone within about four ice thicknesses of the divide. Within this near-divide zone horizontal shear strain-rate is less concentrated near the bottom and downward velocity is less rapid in comparison to the flanks. The profiles over depth of horizontal and vertical velocity approach being linear and parabolic respectively. Calculations for various surface elevation profiles show these velocity profile shapes are insensitive to the ice-sheet geometry.
SPARQL2OWL: Towards Bridging the Semantic Gap Between RDF and OWL

Several large databases in biology are now making their information available through the Resource Description Framework (RDF). RDF can be used for large datasets and provides a graph-based semantics. The Web Ontology Language (OWL), another Semantic Web standard, provides a more formal, modeltheoretic semantics. While some approaches combine RDF and OWL, for example for querying, knowledge in RDF and OWL is often expressed differently. Here, we propose a method to generate OWL ontologies from SPARQL queries using n-ary relational patterns. Combined with background knowledge from ontologies, the generated OWL ontologies can be used for expressive queries and quality control of RDF data. We implement our method in a a prototype tool available at https://github.com/ bio-ontology-research-group/SPARQL2OWL.
Immunocytochemistry of Normal Pancreatic Islets and Spontaneous Islet Cell Tumors in Dogs

Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution of glucagon, gastrin, insulin, and somatostatin in normal canine pancreatic islets and 20 canine islet cell tumors were done using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. In the normal adult canine pancreas, islets typically consisted of clusters of 20–30 cells, but smaller foci and even individual cells were identified. Alpha cells (glucagon) were often peripherally located, beta cells (insulin) were centrally located and most numerous, and delta cells (somatostatin) were the least numerous and randomly located. Both juvenile and adult canine pancreases did not stain for gastrin. Of the 20 tumors examined, 18 had positive immunoreactivity for insulin, nine for glucagon, 14 for somatostatin, and one for gastrin. Two tumors were uninterpretable due to autolysis. Three tumors were pure insulinomas, but no pure somatostatinomas, glucagonomas, or gastrinomas were identified. Most tumors and metastases had mixed positive immunoreactivity; one neoplastic cell type predominated with lesser numbers of other cell types. Metastatic sites (liver and lymph node) stained for insulin and somatostatin, only. Foci of non-neoplastic islet cell tissue (nesidioblastosis), often located at the pancreatic-mesenteric junction, stained strongly positive for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin but not for gastrin. The tumor staining pattern did not consistently correlate with tumor function, as determined by blood glucose and serum insulin assays. The PAP technique works well on paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue using rabbit or guinea pig antisera as the primary antibody. Staining occurred on sections of paraffin blocks stored for up to 7 years.
Ecological optimality in water‐limited natural soil‐vegetation systems: 1. Theory and hypothesis

The solution space of an approximate statistical-dynamic model of the average annual water balance is explored with respect to the hydrologic parameters of both soil and vegetation. Within the accuracy of this model it is shown that water-limited natural vegetation systems are in stable equilibrium with their climatic and pedologic environments when the canopy density and species act to minimize average water demand stress. Theory shows a climatic limit to this equilibrium above which it is hypothesized that ecological pressure is toward maximization of biomass productivity. It is further hypothesized that natural soil-vegetation systems will develop gradually and synergistically, through vegetation-induced changes in soil structure, toward a set of hydraulic soil properties for which the minimum stress canopy density of a given species is maximum in a given climate. Using these hypotheses, only the soil effective porosity need be known to determine the optimum soil and vegetation parameters in a given climate.
Color and Brightness Appearance Issues in Tiled Displays

Large-format displays created by tiling multiple, projected images have been used for decades in flight simulators and entertainment and are commercially available in a variety of forms. More recently, various research organizations have built custom display walls out of commodity projectors to support research in visualization, large-format display, and interaction. In these settings, making the display appear as a single, seamless surface has proven challenging. Where tiles overlap, they create bright seams. The tiles vary in color and brightness, not only from tile to tile, but within each tile. Each projector has a slightly different color gamut, caused by variations in the bulb, color filters, and digital processing (contrast, brightness, and gamma) for the projector. The spatial variation in brightness has two causes. First, the light from a projection system doesn't uniformly illuminate the screen. Second, the light doesn't scatter uniformly out of the front of the screen, making the perceived brightness depend on the viewing angle. In some projectors, the projected light's color also varies across the tile's face, resulting in unwanted tints in the images. I describe what causes these variations and what can be done about them.
Stochastic Model of T Cell Proliferation: A Calculus Revealing IL-2 Regulation of Precursor Frequencies, Cell Cycle Time, and Survival1

The outcome of Ag exposure is dictated by complex regulation of T cell proliferation. The rates of proliferation and survival are altered by numerous signals that the cell receives and integrates to achieve a net response. We have illustrated previously how small changes in kinetic parameters can lead to large differences, even under conditions of saturating IL-2. In this study, we examine the effect of varying IL-2 concentration on T cell response and develop a model incorporating additional parameters of proliferation and survival. Strikingly, the proportion of cells that enter the first division, but not the time at which they enter, is dramatically altered by IL-2. Furthermore, the survival and average division time of cells in later divisions are also altered by IL-2 concentration. Together, the small simultaneous effects on these parameters result in large differences in total cell number. These results reveal how in vitro systems may exaggerate the contribution of IL-2, and thus how costimuli or additional helper cells that alter IL-2 concentration, even by relatively small amounts, will generate large in vitro differences in cell number and therefore appear obligatory. Furthermore, they illustrate how a quantitative model of T cell activation can clarify how complex signal integration is handled by T cells in situ, and therefore more appropriately aid development of a theory of behavior.
Quantifying the emission of light‐absorbing particles: Measurements tailored to climate studies

The emission rate of light‐absorbing aerosols, which contribute to climate forcing, has previously been calculated using mass emission factors combined with fuel‐use inventories. Several assumptions made in this calculation lead to overestimates that are significant, but as yet unevaluated. We propose a new measurement approach that augments, and may be preferable to, the mass‐based method for modeling radiative forcing by aerosols: direct measurement of the source strength of absorption. This quantity, in units of absorption cross‐section per unit time, may be used directly in models of atmospheric dispersion and transport to predict the three‐dimensional, time‐dependent distribution of the absorption of visible light by aerosols. In demonstration measurements made at a coal‐burning plant, the emitted absorption is an order of magnitude lower than would be inferred from the previous method of calculation.
Clinical Evaluation of a Prototype Motion Artifact Resistant Pulse Oximeter in the Recovery Room

The frequency and nature of spurious pulse oximetry readings were compared using both a conventional pulse oximeter (CPO) and a prototype Masimo signal extraction technology pulse oximeter (Masimo SET Trademark). At a university hospital, 50 ASA physical status I-IV adult patients who underwent general or spinalepidural anesthesia were selected from a group of 250 patients on the basis of high-alarm generation with routine postoperative pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry data were recorded simultaneously from both devices with a computer. Overall, the CPO alarm frequency (i.e., oxygen saturation < 90%, or complete signal loss) was once every 13 min, and 87% of these alarms were considered false. Alarms were considered false based on reference electrocardiographs (16 patients), arterial blood gases (7 patients), and clinical assessment. The prototype Masimo SET Trademark device alarm frequency was once every 30 min, and 59% of these were considered false. During arm motion with 15 patients, the CPO device produced spurious signals on 54 occasions compared with five for the prototype Masimo SET Trademark. The incidence of artifactual pulse oximetry events during patient motion appear to be substantially reduced with the prototype Masimo SET Trademark device, relative to a CPO device. (Anesth Analg 1996;83:269-72)
Beyond evaluative conditioning? Searching for associative transfer of nonevaluative stimulus properties

Evaluative conditioning refers to the changes in liking of an evaluatively neutral stimulus (the conditional stimulus or CS) as a result of merely pairing it with another, already liked or disliked stimulus (the unconditional stimulus or US). We examined whether other, non‐evaluative stimulus properties of a US can also be associatively transferred to a CS. In a series of experiments, we tried to transfer perceptions of the gender of children and the gender of first names. We found evidence for the associative transfer of these properties but only when participants were aware of the contingencies.
Transmission Dynamics of the Etiological Agent of SARS in Hong Kong: Impact of Public Health Interventions

We present an analysis of the first 10 weeks of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Hong Kong. The epidemic to date has been characterized by two large clusters—initiated by two separate “super-spread” events (SSEs)—and by ongoing community transmission. By fitting a stochastic model to data on 1512 cases, including these clusters, we show that the etiological agent of SARS is moderately transmissible. Excluding SSEs, we estimate that 2.7 secondary infections were generated per case on average at the start of the epidemic, with a substantial contribution from hospital transmission. Transmission rates fell during the epidemic, primarily as a result of reductions in population contact rates and improved hospital infection control, but also because of more rapid hospital attendance by symptomatic individuals. As a result, the epidemic is now in decline, although continued vigilance is necessary for this to be maintained. Restrictions on longer range population movement are shown to be a potentially useful additional control measure in some contexts. We estimate that most currently infected persons are now hospitalized, which highlights the importance of control of nosocomial transmission.
Tumor Growth Decreases NK and B Cells as well as Common Lymphoid Progenitor

Background It is well established that chronic tumor growth results in functional inactivation of T cells and NK cells. It is less clear, however, whether lymphopoeisis is affected by tumor growth. Principal Findings In our efforts of analyzing the impact of tumor growth on NK cell development, we observed a major reduction of NK cell numbers in mice bearing multiple lineages of tumor cells. The decrease in NK cell numbers was not due to increased apoptosis or decreased proliferation in the NK compartment. In addition, transgenic expression of IL-15 also failed to rescue the defective production of NK cells. Our systematic characterization of lymphopoeisis in tumor-bearing mice indicated that the number of the common lymphoid progenitor was significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice. The number of B cells also decreased substantially in tumor bearing mice. Conclusions and Significance Our data reveal a novel mechanism for tumor evasion of host immunity and suggest a new interpretation for the altered myeloid and lymphoid ratio in tumor bearing hosts.
MPICH-V: Toward a Scalable Fault Tolerant MPI for Volatile Nodes

Global Computing platforms, large scale clusters and future TeraGRID systems gather thousands of nodes for computing parallel scientific applications. At this scale, node failures or disconnections are frequent events. This Volatility reduces the MTBF of the whole system in the range of hours or minutes. We present MPICH-V, an automatic Volatility tolerant MPI environment based on uncoordinated checkpoint/roll-back and distributed message logging. MPICH-V architecture relies on Channel Memories, Checkpoint servers and theoretically proven protocols to execute existing or new, SPMD and Master-Worker MPI applications on volatile nodes. To evaluate its capabilities, we run MPICH-V within a framework for which the number of nodes, Channels Memories and Checkpoint Servers can be completely configured as well as the node Volatility. We present a detailed performance evaluation of every component of MPICH-V and its global performance for non-trivial parallel applications. Experimental results demonstrate good scalability and high tolerance to node volatility.