Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of TiO2 Nanosheets with High Dye Degradation Performance by Regulating Crystal Growth

TiO2 nanosheets have been studied as photocatalysts in various fields, and their performance has been actively improved. Herein, we prepared titania nanosheets with a smaller size than those reported previously with a side length of 29 nm and investigated their photocatalytic activity. (NH4)2TiF6 and Ti(OBu)4 were used as raw materials, and the F/Ti ratio was varied in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 to produce a series of samples with different side lengths by hydrothermal synthesis. A reduction in the F/Ti ratio led to the reduced size of the titanium nanosheets. The photocatalytic activity of each sample was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (365 nm, 2.5 mW/cm2). UV irradiation promoted the decomposition of MB, and the highest degradation efficiency was achieved using titania nanosheets prepared with a F/Ti ratio of 0.3. The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the increase in the surface area due to size reduction. The ratio of the {001} surface exposed on the titania nanosheet also affected the photocatalytic activity; it resulted in increased activation of the reaction. This study demonstrates that further activation of the photocatalytic activity can be achieved by adjusting the size of titania nanosheets.
Recent Research Process of Carbon Engineering on Na3V2(PO4)3 for Sodium-Ion Battery Cathodes: A Mini Review

Owing to the 3D open framework, excellent structural stability, and high ionic conductivity, NASICON-type compounds are extensively employed as promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Being one of the representative NASICON-type compounds, the Na3V2(PO4)3 delivers high theoretical capacity with an operating voltage exceeding 3.3 V, enabling it to be a good candidate for SIBs. Unfortunately, the Na3V2(PO4)3 suffers from low electronic conductivity. In this work, we briefly review the recent research progress on novel carbon engineering strategies to enhance the electronic conductivity of Na3V2(PO4)3. Moreover, we will point out the issues relating to the development of NASICON cathode materials and put forward some suggestions.
Multilevel Covariance Structure Analysis of Sibling Antisocial Behavior.

Conventional covariance structure analysis, such as factor analysis, is often applied to data that are obtained in a hierarchical fashion, such as siblings observed within families. Multivariate modeling of such data, however, is most frequently done as if the data were obtained as a simple random sample from a single population. An alternative specification is presented that explicitly models the within‐level and between‐level covariance matrices in familial antisocial behavior. Sibling data from the National Youth Survey, a national probability sample of youth, were used to specify a multilevel covariance structure analysis of sibling antisocial behavior. Results demonstrate homogeneity in antisocial behavior within sibling clusters but heterogeneity across families. These analyses highlight potential pitfalls of ignoring issues of independence and demonstrate how conventional covariance structure software can be easily adapted to handle hierarchical models, providing a large set of new analysis possibi.
Levels and Determinants of Antenatal Breastfeeding Attitudes among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Breastfeeding attitudes are strong predictors of breastfeeding behavior. Gaining a deeper understanding on the levels and determinants of antenatal breastfeeding attitudes is crucial. This cross-sectional study involved 124 pregnant women at a tertiary hospital in Hunan, China. A self-administered questionnaire, the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale, the Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Breastfeeding Knowledge Questionnaire were assessed during their first-trimester, second-trimester, and third-trimester hospital visit. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the determinants of breastfeeding attitudes. The participants reported neutral (56.39 ± 5.69) levels of breastfeeding attitudes. The determinants of antenatal breastfeeding attitudes were other family members’ support for exclusive breastfeeding: moderate (β = 0.278, p < 0.05), depressive symptoms (β = −0.191, p < 0.05), and breastfeeding knowledge (β = 0.434, p < 0.001). The variables explained 33.9% (adjusted R2) of the total variation in breastfeeding attitudes scores (F = 4.507, p < 0.001). Namely, other family members’ support for EBF was a negative influence on positive breastfeeding attitudes. The women whose other family members were moderate of EBF had more positive attitudes toward breastfeeding compared to those whose other family members were very supportive of EBF. The depressive symptoms were negatively associated with positive breastfeeding attitudes, and lower levels of depressive symptoms were associated with higher levels of positive breastfeeding attitudes among pregnant women. Additionally, breastfeeding knowledge was positively associated with positive breastfeeding attitudes. The more knowledgeable about breastfeeding, the more positive the attitude towards breastfeeding. Health professionals should identify these modifiable factors that may contribute to poorer breastfeeding attitudes, which is useful in targeting promotions of breastfeeding.
Remote Sensing of Environment

Remote sensing of night light emissions in the visible band offers a unique opportunity to directly observe human activity from space. This has allowed a host of applications including mapping urban areas, estimating population and GDP, monitoring disasters and conflicts. More recently, remotely sensed night lights data have found use in understanding the environmental impacts of light emissions (light pollution), including their impacts on human health. In this review, we outline the historical development of night-time optical sensors up to the current state of the art sensors, highlight various applications of night light data, discuss the special challenges associated with remote sensing of night lights with a focus on the limitations of current sensors, and provide an outlook for the future of remote sensing of night lights. While the paper mainly focuses on space borne remote sensing, ground based sensing of night-time brightness for studies on astronomical and ecological light pollution, as well as for calibration and validation of space borne data, are also discussed. Although the development of night light sensors lags behind day-time sensors, we demonstrate that the field is in a stage of rapid development. The worldwide transition to LED lights poses a particular challenge for remote sensing of night lights, and strongly highlights the need for a new generation of space borne night lights instruments. This work shows that future sensors are needed to monitor temporal changes during the night (for example from a geostationary platform or constellation of satellites), and to better understand the angular patterns of light emission (roughly analogous to the BRDF in daylight sensing). Perhaps most importantly, we make the case that higher spatial resolution and multispectral sensors covering the range from blue to NIR are needed to more effectively identify lighting technologies, map urban functions, and monitor energy use. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse. 2019.111443 Received 30 October 2018; Received in revised form 17 September 2019; Accepted 23 September 2019 ∗ Corresponding author. Department of Geography, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel E-mail addresses: noamlevin@mail.huji. ac.il (N. Levin), celvidge@mines.edu (C.D. Elvidge). Remote Sensing of Environment 237 (2020) 111443 Available online 04 December 2019 0034-4257/ © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. T
The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD): Changes in Preferred Treatment Strategies and Medications over 20 Years and Five Editions

Background. The Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Depressive Disorder (KMAP-DD) is an expert consensus guideline for depressive disorder created in 2002, and since then, four revisions (2006, 2012, 2017, 2021) have been published. In this study, changes in the content of the KMAP-DD survey and recommendations for each period were examined. Methods. The development process of the KMAP-DD was composed of two stages. First, opinions from experts with abundant clinical experience were gathered through surveys. Next, a final guideline was prepared through discussion within the working committee regarding the suitability of the results with reference to recent clinical studies or other guidelines. Results. In mild depressive symptoms, antidepressant (AD) monotherapy was preferred, but when severe depression or when psychotic features were present, a combination of AD and atypical antipsychotics (AD + AAP) was preferred. AD monotherapy was preferred in most clinical subtypes. AD monotherapy was preferred for mild depressive symptoms, and AD + AAP was preferred for severe depression and depression with psychotic features in children, adolescents, and the elderly. Conclusions. This study identified the changes in the KMAP-DD treatment strategies and drug preferences in each period over the past 20 years. This work is expected to aid clinicians in establishing effective treatment strategies.
Synergistic Combination of Irinotecan and Rapamycin Orally Delivered by Nanoemulsion for Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy of Pancreatic Cancer

In recent years, combining different types of therapy has emerged as an advanced strategy for cancer treatment. In these combination therapies, oral delivery of anticancer drugs is more convenient and compliant. This study developed an irinotecan/rapamycin-loaded oral lecithin-based self-nanoemulsifying nanoemulsion preconcentrate (LBSNENPir/ra) and evaluated its synergistic combination effects on pancreatic cancer. LBSNENP loaded with irinotecan and rapamycin at a ratio of 1:1 (LBSNENPir10/ra10) had a better drug release profile and smaller particle size (<200 nm) than the drug powder. Moreover, LBSNENPir10/ra10 exhibited a strong synergistic effect (combination index [CI] < 1.0) in cell viability and combination effect studies. In the tumor inhibition study, the antitumor activity of LBSNENPir10/ra10/sily20 against MIA PaCa-2 (a human pancreatic cancer cell line) was significantly increased compared with the other groups. When administered with rapamycin and silymarin, the area under the curve and the maximum concentration of irinotecan significantly improved compared with the control. We successfully developed an irinotecan/rapamycin-loaded oral self-nanoemulsifying nanoemulsion system to achieve treatment efficacy for pancreatic cancer.
Attenuation and envelope formation of three‐component seismograms of small local earthquakes in randomly inhomogeneous lithosphere

A unified model is proposed for explaining the frequency dependence of Q−1 and the formation of velocity seismograms by a single scattering process. Adopting Birch's law and a linear correlation between P and S wave velocities, we statistically describe the inhomogeneous medium by one random fluctuation, which is spatially characterized by the exponential autocorrelation function. We calculate Q−1 for P and S waves on the basis of the Born approximation, supposing seismic waves attenuate due to scattering largely by rapidly fluctuating random structure. Resulting Qs−1 explains the observed frequency dependence well, when the mean square fractional fluctuation and the correlation distance are chosen to be 0.01 and 2 km, respectively. Nonspherical radiation due to a point shear dislocation and frequency dependent nonisotropic scattering including conversion between P and S waves complicate the seismograms. Taking those complexities into account, we synthesize the “envelopes” of three-component velocity amplitudes of P and S coda waves by summing up energy singly scattered by distributed inhomogeneities. From numerical calculations, we found that the radial component of the P coda wave is excited even in the nodal direction of the P wave radiation mostly due to SP scattering occurring near the hypocenter. The P coda waves appearing on the transverse components are a complex mixture of PP, PS, and SP scattering. The S coda waves are excited mostly due to SS scattering in all directions, and appear in all three components; their polarizations are controlled by the radiation pattern even in the later part of S coda waves.
Electrical response during indentation of a 1-3 piezoelectric ceramic-polymer composite

The electrical response during indentation of a piezoelectric ceramic-polymer 1-3 composite has been investigated. The current (quasistatic charge increment) induced in the indentor due to the polarized layer on the contact surface increases with load as the contact area increases. Good agreement was found between the measured currents as a function of load with those predicted using an analytical model. In addition, the current increases with increasing indentation velocity and indentor diameter. It uses known analytical results to develop a new tool for characterizing the electrical response of piezoelectric composites. As such, linear elastic indentation with simultaneous measurement of load and electric current is shown to be a new, fast, and nondestructive technique that can be used for quality assurance and to study the effect of aging and development/presence of damage/microcracking in monolithic piezoelectric and 1-3 piezoelectric composites.
Origin of variation in switching voltages in threshold-switching phenomena of VO2 thin films

We investigated the origin of the variation in switching voltages in threshold-switching of VO2 thin films. When a triangular-waveform voltage signal was applied, the current changed abruptly at two switching voltages, i.e., VON (insulator-to-metal) and VOFF (metal-to-insulator). VON and VOFF were measured by changing the period of the voltage signal, the temperature of the environment, and the load resistance. We observed that either VON or VOFF varied significantly and had different dependences with respect to the external parameters. Based on the mechanism of the metal–insulator transition induced by Joule heating, numerical simulations were performed, which quantitatively reproduced all of the experimental results. From the simulation analysis, the variation in the switching voltages for threshold-switching was determined to be thermal in origin.
Individual Creativity and Acceptance of Emerging Information Technology

ABSTRACT Individual creativity plays a crucial role in forming perception and acceptance of a new technology. To explore this important and yet overlooked topic, we developed a model by adopting Amabile’s componential theory of individual creativity, which identifies three preconditions for creativity: (1) Creative ability, (2) Intrinsic motivation, and (3) Prior knowledge. We conducted an empirical study to validate our research model using Bitcoin as an emerging information technology. The study confirmed that all three components significantly impact the perception of and attitude toward an emerging technology. A better understanding of creative individuals can help firms improve their innovation potential.
Retinal Tissue Shows Glial Changes in a Dravet Syndrome Knock-in Mouse Model

Dravet syndrome (DS) is an epileptic encephalopathy caused by mutations in the Scn1a gene encoding the α1 subunit of the Nav1.1 sodium channel, which is associated with recurrent and generalized seizures, even leading to death. In experimental models of DS, histological alterations have been found in the brain; however, the retina is a projection of the brain and there are no studies that analyze the possible histological changes that may occur in the disease. This study analyzes the retinal histological changes in glial cells (microglia and astrocytes), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and GABAergic amacrine cells in an experimental model of DS (Syn-Cre/Scn1aWT/A1783V) compared to a control group at postnatal day (PND) 25. Retinal whole-mounts were labeled with anti-GFAP, anti-Iba-1, anti-Brn3a and anti-GAD65/67. Signs of microglial and astroglial activation, and the number of Brn3a+ and GAD65+67+ cells were quantified. We found retinal activation of astroglial and microglial cells but not death of RGCs and GABAergic amacrine cells. These changes are similar to those found at the level of the hippocampus in the same experimental model in PND25, indicating a relationship between brain and retinal changes in DS. This suggests that the retina could serve as a possible biomarker in DS.
Polarization Properties of Quasi-Homogeneous Beams Propagating in Oceanic Turbulence

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and generalized Stokes theory, the evolution of polarization properties of beams generated by quasi-homogenous (QH) sources propagating in clear oceanic water was studied by the use of the oceanic turbulence spatial spectrum function. The results show that the beams have similar polarization self-reconstructed behavior under different turbulence conditions in the far field, but if the propagation distance is not long enough, the degree of polarization (DOP) fluctuates with much more complexity than state of polarization (SOP) of QH beams. The self-reconstructed ability of DOP at the special distance in turbulence would get to the best value if the values of coherence of width were chosen suitably, but for SOP, it has no best value.
A Seawater Conductivity Measurement Method Based on Magnetic Resonance Coupling

This paper proposes a magnetic resonance coupling seawater conductivity measurement method with a dual-coil structure. The passive transceiver coil is composed of two detection coils and capacitive elements placed in seawater. The seawater conductivity measurement is realized by analyzing the relationship between the transmission loss of the resonant magnetic field between the passive transceiver coils in the seawater and the seawater conductivity. In the article, the magnetic resonance coupling measurement method is established and analyzed, the circuit model of the magnetic resonance coupling measurement system transmitted in seawater is established, the experimental device is set up for laboratory testing, and the corresponding test situation is simulated by finite element electromagnetic modelling. The test and simulation results show that the measurement method is feasible; the system has the best performance at the resonant frequency, especially for low-conductivity conditions, and better sensitivity. In addition, the resonant frequency increases, and the conductivity resolution of the measurement system for seawater increases.
Object Modeling and Animation with Smoke

This paper addresses the problem of controlling the density and dynamics of smoke so that the synthetic appearance of the smoke resembles a still or moving object. The target object is modeled as a volumetric density function. In order to match the target density with the smoke density, we propose an approach to design an imaginary force field including both long-range and short-range forces as well as a nonuniform biased diffusion equation driven by the target density. The long-range force field is induced by electric charges, and is responsible for long distance smoke transportation. The short-range force field is solved by an optimization procedure, and is responsible for local density adjustment. The synthetic force fields integrated with the diffusion equation can effectively achieve the desired results.
Investigation and visualization of scleral channels created with femtosecond laser in enucleated human eyes using 3D optical coherence tomography images

We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) for non-invasive imaging of the anterior segment of the eye for investigating partial-thickness scleral channels created with a femtosecond laser. Glaucoma is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) due to reduced outflow facility in the eye. A partial-thickness aqueous humor (AH) drainage channel in the sclera was created with 1.7-&mgr;m wavelength femtosecond laser pulses to reduce IOP by increasing the outflow facility, as a solution to retard the progression of glaucoma. It is hypothesized that the precise dimensions and predetermined location of the channel would provide a controlled increase of the outflow rate resulting in IOP reduction. Therefore, it is significant to create the channel at the exact location with predefined dimensions. The aim of this research has two aspects. First, as the drainage channel is subsurface, it is a challenging task to determine its precise location, shape and dimensions, and it becomes very important to investigate the channel attributes after the laser treatment without disturbing the internal anterior structures. Second, to provide a non-invasive, image-based verification that extremely accurate and non-scarring AH drainage channel can be created with femtosecond laser. Partial-thickness scleral channels created in five human cadaver eyes were investigated non-invasively with a 1310-nm time-domain OCT imaging system. Three-dimensional (3D) OCT image stacks of the triangular cornea-sclera junction, also known as anterior chamber angle, were acquired for image-based analysis and visualization. The volumetric cutting-plane approach allowed reconstruction of images at any cross-sectional position in the entire 3D volume of tissue, making it a valuable tool for exploring and evaluating the location, shape and dimension of the channel from all directions. As a two-dimensional image-based methodology, an image-processing pipeline was implemented to enhance the channel features to augment the analysis. In conclusion, we successfully demonstrate that our image-based visualization tool is appropriate for effective investigation and evaluation of femtosecond laser-created, partial-thickness aqueous humor drainage channels in the sclera.
Mental Health, Alcohol Use, Workplace Bullying and Attitude toward Mental Health Help-Seeking in French Apprentices

Young people are at heightened risk for mental health problems. Among them, apprentices in some cases meet working conditions with significant challenges to mental wellness at a critical developmental period. Although mental health issues have been well documented in higher education students, this is not the case for apprentices. The present experiment thus aimed to fill the gap of available information between the two populations. More specifically, we aimed to provide a topic overview of French apprentices’ mental health and well-being, to examine the prevalence of workplace bullying in French apprentices and its’ associations with mental health difficulties, and to explore apprentices’ attitudes toward help-seeking in order to inform the development of online intervention relevant to apprentices. Main results show that apprentices have poor mental health and that age, gender and business sector act as risk factors, with apprentices aged 18 - 25 years, female apprentices and apprentices in the tertiary sector experiencing higher levels of distress and lower levels of well-being. Results also reveal a high prevalence of workplace bullying associated with psychological distress, alcohol use and maladaptive stress management strategies. Finally, although apprentices are not reluctant to seek help from mental health professionals, the workplace is not considered as a setting where to find help. However, digital self-help programs could fit well with the daily lifestyle and interests of apprentices. Practical recommendations to address mental health issues in apprentices are discussed within a comprehensive framework including community mental health awareness, digital