Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced web document summarization using hyperlinks

This paper addresses the issue of Web document summarization. As textual content of Web documents is often scarce or irrelevant and existing summarization techniques are based on it, many Web pages and websites cannot be suitably summarized. We consider the context of a Web document by the textual content of all the documents linking to it. To summarize a target Web document, a context-based summarizer has to perform a preprocessing task, during which it will be decided which pieces of information in the source documents are relevant to the content of the target. Then a context-based summarizer faces two issues: first, the selected elements may partially deal with the topic of the target, second they may be related to the target and yet not contain any clues about the content of the target.In this paper we put forward two new summarization by context algorithms. The first one uses both the content and the context of the document and the second one is based only on the elements of the context. It is shown that summaries taking into account the context are usually much more relevant than those made only from the content of the target document. Optimal conditions of the proposed algorithms with respect to the sizes of the content and the context of the document to summarize are studied.
On the Behavior of Artificial Neural Network Classifiers in High-Dimensional Spaces

It is widely believed in the pattern recognition field that when a fixed number of training samples is used to design a classifier, the generalization error of the classifier tends to increase as the number of features gets larger. In this paper, we discuss the generalization error of the artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers in high-dimensional spaces, under a practical condition that the ratio of the training sample size to the dimensionality is small. Experimental results show that the generalization error of ANN classifiers seems much less sensitive to the feature size than 1-NN, Parzen and quadratic classifiers.
Development of the Brazilian Amazon

In their discussion of “the future of the Brazilian Amazon” ( Science 's Compass, Policy Forum, 19 Jan., p. [438][1]), W. F. Laurance and his co-authors offer a serious contribution to a very serious subject. Nevertheless, we reject their projections of extensive deforestation in the Brazilian
Age-related faecal calprotectin, lactoferrin and tumour M2-PK concentrations in healthy volunteers

Objective Measurement of the faecal markers calprotectin, lactoferrin and tumour M2-PK has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis and management of a range of gastrointestinal disorders in both children and adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the requirement for age-related reference ranges. Methods Faecal samples were obtained from 132 healthy subjects and analysis of calprotectin, lactoferrin and tumour M2-PK performed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In the healthy subjects median concentrations were as follows: for calprotectin – 2–9 y, 34 μg/g, 10–59 y, 22 μg/g and ≥60 y, 27 μg/g; for lactoferrin – 2–9 y, 2.2 μg/g, ≥10 y, 0.5 μg/g; and for tumour M2-PK all subjects <1 U/mL. Significant differences between age groups for different markers resulted in the following age-related reference ranges: calprotectin – 2–9 y, <166 μg/g, 10–59 y, <51 μg/g, ≥60 y, <112 μg/g; lactoferrin – 2–9 y, <29 μg/g, ≥10 y <4.6 μg/g. Conclusion In healthy individuals, we found there to be variation in the faecal inflammatory markers calprotectin and lactoferrin with age. For both calprotectin and lactoferrin children aged 2–9 y had significantly higher concentrations than subjects aged ≥10 y. For calprotectin but not lactoferrin, adults ≥60 years had a higher concentration than those aged 10–59 y. There was no change with age in the metabolomic marker faecal tumour M2-PK in healthy subjects. The knowledge of age-related reference ranges in healthy subjects is important to fully interpret changes in gastrointestinal disease.
Optimization of electrospray ionization conditions to enhance formation of doubly protonated peptide ions with and without addition of chromium(III).

RATIONALE Production of multiply protonated ions by electrospray ionization (ESI) is important to the analysis of peptides by mass spectrometry. For small neutral and acidic peptides, addition of chromium(III) greatly increases the intensity of doubly protonated ions. The current study examines instrumental and solution parameters that maximize peptide ion charge by ESI. METHODS The neutral and basic heptapeptides AAAAAAA (A7) and AAAKAAA (A3KA3) were used as test compounds and electrosprayed from a solution containing chromium(III) nitrate at a peptide to metal molar ratio of 1:10. Positive ion mode experiments were performed on a Bruker HCTultra PTM Discovery System quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Source voltages and drying/nebulizer gases were systematically altered. The effects of rinsing, brand, and color of plastic microcentrifuge tubes (vials) employed were also investigated. RESULTS Nebulizer gas pressure and drying gas flow rate are crucial parameters for production of [M + 2H]2+ , while drying gas temperature alone has minimal effect. Optimization of the capillary exit and skimmer voltages are important both to maximize [M + 2H]2+ and reduce unwanted ion dissociation. Protonation is enhanced and fewer impurity peaks are observed when solutions are prepared in colorless plastic vials that have been rinsed briefly with propan-2-ol (isopropanol). CONCLUSIONS Optimization of instrument and sample preparation factors for enhanced protonation with and without Cr(III) is necessary to allow maximum formation of [M + 2H]2+ . Proteomics researchers should find these procedures to be of use for increasing multiply protonated signal intensity even in the absence of Cr(III). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new method for determining surface concentrations of marine natural products on seaweeds

To understand the role of marine natural products in surface mediated ecological interactions-such as biofouling-we need to be able to quantify metabolites at or near the relevant surfaces We describe a new technique for determining the concentration of natural products on the surface of marine algae. Surface metabolltes were quantified for 2 red algae, Delisea pulchra and Laurencia obtusa, by dipplng the algae in hexane for 20 to 40 s at room temperature. This allowed for quantitative extraction of non-polar natural products from the surface of the thalli without disrupting cells (as determined by epifluorescence nucroscopy) More s t r~ngent extraction procedures using other solvents, or longer extraction times in hexane (>50 S ) , caused significant quantifiable cell damage. Natural products In the surface extracts were then measured uslng gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). Mean total surface concentration of natural products from D. pulchra were 250 ng cm-" but < l ng cm-2 for L . obtusa. These results contrast to whole plant levels of total secondary metabolites in the 2 algae, w h ~ c h W C ~ C significantly higher in L. obtusa (7 pg mg-2 dry weight) than in D. pulchra (3.4 1-19 mg-2 dry weight) Dipping thalli in hexane for 30 S also caused no cell lysis in 8 other species of macroalgae This suggests that the procedure is more broadly applicable for the quantification of non-polar surface metabolites on seaweeds, and other organisms with resistant surface cells Our results h~ghl ight he need to deternune where compounds occur, and at what concentration, if we are to understand their ecological roles.
Computer planned implant-orthognathic rehabilitation: a case of one step surgical procedure with implants insertion, Le Fort I advancement, grafting and immediate loading

Aim In the last decade several systems for computerplanned implantology have been reported. Among them is a system that uses a software and a threedimensional parallelometer able to transfer the implant position from the virtual project to the master model. To verify the potentiality of this system, a single step oral rehabilitation was planned in a patient with edentulous maxilla. Materials and methods A 52 year old male patient was referred to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan (Italy), in January 2008. He was almost completely edentulous in the maxilla. A CT scan and a computer planning were performed. The one step oral rehabilitation consisted of a single operation composed by a Le Fort I osteotomy, flapless implant insertion, provisional full arch screwing, maxillary advancement and fixation, gaps grafting. Results After 8 months follow-up no implant was lost and clinical and radiological controls demonstrated the stability of the surgical procedure. Conclusion Computer-planned and cast model transferred implantology is a helpful technology not only for planning prosthodontic rehabilitation but also for implant-orthognathic surgery.
Design of multispecific protein sequences using probabilistic graphical modeling

In nature, proteins partake in numerous protein– protein interactions that mediate their functions. Moreover, proteins have been shown to be physically stable in multiple structures, induced by cellular conditions, small ligands, or covalent modifications. Understanding how protein sequences achieve this structural promiscuity at the atomic level is a fundamental step in the drug design pipeline and a critical question in protein physics. One way to investigate this subject is to computationally predict protein sequences that are compatible with multiple states, i.e., multiple target structures or binding to distinct partners. The goal of engineering such proteins has been termed multispecific protein design. We develop a novel computational framework to efficiently and accurately perform multispecific protein design. This framework utilizes recent advances in probabilistic graphical modeling to predict sequences with low energies in multiple target states. Furthermore, it is also geared to specifically yield positional amino acid probability profiles compatible with these target states. Such profiles can be used as input to randomly bias high‐throughput experimental sequence screening techniques, such as phage display, thus providing an alternative avenue for elucidating the multispecificity of natural proteins and the synthesis of novel proteins with specific functionalities. We prove the utility of such multispecific design techniques in better recovering amino acid sequence diversities similar to those resulting from millions of years of evolution. We then compare the approaches of prediction of low energy ensembles and of amino acid profiles and demonstrate their complementarity in providing more robust predictions for protein design. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Filtered-OFDM - Enabler for Flexible Waveform in the 5th Generation Cellular Networks

The underlying waveform has always been a shaping factor for each generation of the cellular networks, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for the 4th generation cellular networks (4G). To meet the diversified and pronounced expectations upon the upcoming 5G cellular networks, here we present an enabler for flexible waveform configuration, named as filtered-OFDM (f-OFDM). With the conventional OFDM, a unified numerology is applied across the bandwidth provided, balancing among the channel characteristics and the service requirements, and the spectrum efficiency is limited by the compromise we made. In contrast, with f-OFDM, the assigned bandwidth is split up into several subbands, and different types of services are accommodated in different subbands with the most suitable waveform and numerology, leading to an improved spectrum utilization. After outlining the general framework of f-OFDM, several important design aspects are also discussed, including filter design and guard tone arrangement. In addition, an extensive comparison among the existing 5G waveform candidates is also included to illustrate the advantages of f-OFDM. Our simulations indicate that, in a specific scenario with four distinct types of services, f-OFDM provides up to 46% of throughput gains over the conventional OFDM scheme.
Trends for coronary heart disease and stroke and their risk factors in Japan.

Disease surveillance and population surveys of risk characteristics in a northeast rural community of Japan (1965 census population, 7,030) are combined in an attempt to relate morbidity and risk factor trends for coronary heart disease and stroke during the last 2 decades. Between 1964 and 1983, the incidence of coronary heart disease (i.e., combined myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and sudden death) did not change significantly among men and women ages 40-69, and was lower than that for stroke. The incidence of all stroke declined about 60% for both men and women, ages 40-69, with a significant decrease in cerebral hemorrhage for both sexes and in cerebral infarction for men. Between 1963-1966 and 1980-1983, significant upward shifts occurred in the means and distributions of serum total cholesterol and serum total protein in every age and sex group, primarily during the 1st decade. Age-adjusted mean cholesterol levels rose 22 mg/dl to the 1980-1983 mean of 179 mg/dl in men ages 40-69. In women ages 40-69, the mean rose 29 mg/dl to 192 mg/dl. Among nutrients, animal fat intake doubled in men ages 40-59 from 4.5% of daily calories in 1969 to 9.6% in 1980-1983. Animal protein intake also increased, from 5.8% to 7.1%. Most of this increase occurred between 1969 and 1972-1975 and may be attributable to an increased intake of meat, eggs and dairy products. From 1963-1966 to 1980-1983, mean relative weight index rose significantly for all age-sex groups except men ages 50-69. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels declined for every age-sex group, with a 15-mm Hg age-adjusted decrease in systolic, 4-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure among men ages 40-69, and a 11-mm Hg systolic and 4-mm Hg diastolic decrease for women. Two cohorts of men and women ages 40-69 at baseline were followed for disease incidence: an early cohort (2,257 persons) followed from 1963-1966 to 1973 and a later cohort (2,711 persons) followed from 1972-1975 to 1983. In these cohorts, significant risk prediction for cerebral hemorrhage and infarction was obtained with blood pressure level and end organ effects in the electrocardiogram and fundus photographs. Serum cholesterol was inversely associated with cerebral hemorrhage in the early cohort but not in the later. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of silicon carbide particles on the mechanical and plastic properties of the AlMg6/10% SiC metal matrix composite

This work deals with studying the effect of reinforcing SiC particles on the mechanical and plastic properties of a metal matrix composite with a matrix of aluminum alloy AlMg6 (the 1560 aluminum alloy according to the Russian State Standard GOST 4784−97). We assess this effect using the results of mechanical tests at the microscale and macroscale levels. The paper analyzes the fracture mechanism at the microlevel under tensile and compressive stress conditions, as well as the type of contact between the composite constituents. The experimental results obtained for the metal matrix composite are compared with analogous experimental data for the AlMg6 alloy and a compacted material made from the AlMg6 alloy (a compacted powder without addition of SiC reinforcing particles). The studied compacted materials were not previously subjected to extrusion. The tests show a decisive influence of the reinforcing particles on the plastic and mechanical properties of the AlMg6/10% SiC metal matrix composite under compression and tension. For example, the addition of silicon carbide increased the initial yield stress of the compacted material by 26% under tensile tests, and the percentage elongation after fracture was increased up to 1.1%, while it amounted to 0.02% for the compacted material without addition of silicon carbide. Under compression, on the contrary, the addition of silicon carbide degraded plastic properties. As a result, the percentage compression before cracking was 28.4% and 57.9% for the compacted materials with and without addition of silicon carbide, respectively.
Regular smoking and asthma incidence in adolescents.

RATIONALE Although involuntary exposure to maternal smoking during the in utero period and to secondhand smoke are associated with occurrence of childhood asthma, few studies have investigated the role of active cigarette smoking on asthma onset during adolescence. OBJECTIVES To determine whether regular smoking is associated with the new onset of asthma during adolescence. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study among 2,609 children with no lifetime history of asthma or wheezing who were recruited from fourth- and seventh-grade classrooms and followed annually in schools in 12 southern California communities. Regular smoking was defined as smoking at least seven cigarettes per day on average over the week before and 300 cigarettes in the year before each annual interview. Incident asthma was defined using new cases of physician-diagnosed asthma. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Regular smoking was associated with increased risk of new-onset asthma. Children who reported smoking 300 or more cigarettes per year had a relative risk (RR) of 3.9 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7-8.5) for new-onset asthma compared with nonsmokers. The increased risk from regular smoking was greater in nonallergic than in allergic children. Regular smokers who were exposed to maternal smoking during gestation had the largest risk from active smoking (RR, 8.8; 95% CI, 3.2-24.0). CONCLUSIONS Regular smoking increased risk for asthma among adolescents, especially for nonallergic adolescents and those exposed to maternal smoking during the in utero period.
Triadin: the new player on excitation-contraction coupling block.

See related article, pages 651–658 The Ca2+ movements that control many cellular functions, including contraction of striated and smooth muscle cells and vesicular secretion from endocrine cells and nerve terminals, are increasingly recognized to involve macromolecular Ca2+-signaling complexes that, in addition to the key Ca2+-transporting proteins, include large numbers of associated proteins that provide a variety of regulatory, structural and Ca2+-sensing/buffering functions. The importance of working out the subtle interactions within these macromolecular complexes is underscored by the genetic diseases that have been associated with mutations of their constituent proteins. In this issue, Terentyev et al1 use a spectrum of molecular and electrophysiological techniques to demonstrate that triadin (TRD) plays an unexpectedly important role in regulating the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), found primarily in dyadic junctions of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR; Figure). It has been previously suggested that TRD and junctin are integral membrane proteins of the junctional SR, and serve as linker proteins from the SR Ca release channel (RyR) to calsequestrin (CSQ) complexes, the major Ca2+-buffer in the lumen of the SR (Figure). 2 The large (≈4500 aa) cytoplasmic domain of RyR appears to have multiple binding sites for an ever-growing list of proteins that includes: calmodulin, PKA, FKBP 12.6. 3 The major findings of the present communication are that overexpression of TRD leads to 3-fold increase in open probability of RyRs in bilayers, a 60% increase in spontaneous spark frequency with only minor decreases in spark amplitude (≈10%) and SR Ca2+ content (≈30%), as well as a marked alteration in the voltage dependence of Ca2+ release. The authors propose the activity of RyRs to be directly modulated by the level of expression of TRD, most likely mediated by amino acid residues 200 to 224 …
Multiple-Relay Aided Distributed Turbo Coding Assisted Differential Unitary Space-Time Spreading for Asynchronous Cooperative Networks

This paper proposes a cooperative space-time coding (STC) protocol, amalgamating the concepts of asynchronous cooperation, non-coherent detection as well as Distributed Turbo Coding (DTC), where neither symbol-level time synchronization nor CSI estimation is required at any of the cooperating nodes, while attaining a high performance even at low SNRs. More specifically, a practical cooperative differential space-time spreading (CDSTS) scheme is designed with the aid of interference rejection spreading codes, in order to eliminate the effect of synchronization errors between the relay nodes without the assistance of channel estimation or equalization. Furthermore, a set of space-time codewords are constructed based on Differential Linear Dispersion Codes (DLDC), which allows our CDSTS system to support an arbitrary number of relay nodes operating at a high transmission rate due to its flexible design. Rather than using conventional single-relay-assisted DTCs, novel multi-relay-assisted DTCs and a three-stage iteratively-decoded destination receiver structure are developed. In our simulations the system parameters are designed with the aid of EXIT chart analysis, followed by the characterization of the achievable BER performance for various synchronization delay values as well as for various diversity-multiplexing relationships in frequency-selective fast and/or quasi-static Rayleigh fading environments.
nformation management for the internationalization of SMEs : An xploratory study based on a strategic alignment perspective

The ability to internationalize has become a competitive necessity for many SMEs, enabling their survival and access to larger markets. From an IS research perspective, one important issue is the strategic role played by the firm’s IT capabilities in responding to greater environmental uncertainty and correspondingly greater information requirements, and in enabling the firm’s internationalization performance. Given that such a major aspect of the influence of IT on the performance of SMEs has so far been ignored, the following research question is posed: to what extent does the match between the IT capabilities and information requirements of SMEs contribute to their internationalization performance? Our research model and hypotheses are based on Tushman and Nadler’s information processing model. In revisiting this model, the aim was to show its continued relevancy and extend its domain of applicability. In order to answer the research question, we conduct a survey-based empirical study of 174 Canadian SMEs that have internationalized their activities. Our results show that a better match between IT capabilities and information requirements does indeed exert a positive influence on internationalization performance. We also find that the SMEs’ IT capabilities are influenced externally by the environmental uncertainty and internally by their internationalization mode. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.