Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: THE MODERATING ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURIAL KNOWLEDGE

Notwithstanding the concerted interventions for integrating entrepreneurship education in higher learning institutions, graduates' transition from universities to entrepreneurial activities remains insignificant. This paper examines the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on the entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate students. An exploratory research design alongside a quantitative approach was used to collect data. The data for this paper were collected from 335 drawn from 10 public and private higher learning institutions. Purposive, stratified, and convenience sampling were used to draw the sample. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered to 335 finalist students in Tanzania's higher learning institutions. The paper applies a partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the moderating role of entrepreneurial knowledge on the relationship between motivational factors and entrepreneurial intentions of finalist undergraduate students from higher learning institutions in Tanzania. The study reveals that entrepreneurial knowledge significantly moderates the relationship between behavioural control and entrepreneurial intentions. The influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on the relationship between attitude and intentions and subjective norms and intentions is insignificant. Further, the attitude and behavioural controls were found to positively and significantly affect immediate entrepreneurial intentions, whereas subjective norms insignificantly affected immediate entrepreneurial intention. The study contributes to the development of a theory of planned behaviour, for example, by demonstrating that the three motivational factors have varying effects on entrepreneurial intentions in the context of moderation and different time horizons. Family entrepreneurial culture, personal savings, and role models are keys to making graduates pursue entrepreneurship in the long term.
Tunnel Josephson Junction with Spin–Orbit/Ferromagnetic Valve

We have theoretically studied the transport properties of the SIsNSOF structure consisting of thick (S) and thin (s) films of superconductor, an insulator layer (I), a thin film of normal metal with spin–orbit interaction (SOI) (NSO), and a monodomain ferromagnetic layer (F). The interplay between superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and spin–orbit interaction allows the critical current of this Josephson junction to be smoothly varied over a wide range by rotating the magnetization direction in the single F-layer. We have studied the amplitude of the spin valve effect and found the optimal ranges of parameters.
Vessel-to-Vessel Motion Compensation with Reinforcement Learning

Actuation delay poses a challenge for robotic arms and cranes. This is especially the case in dynamic environments where the robot arm or the objects it is trying to manipulate are moved by exogenous forces. In this paper, we consider the task of using a robotic arm to compensate for relative motion between two vessels at sea. We construct a hybrid controller that combines an Inverse Kinematic (IK) solver with a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent that issues small corrections to the IK input. The solution is empirically evaluated in a simulated environment under several sea states and actuation delays. We observe that more intense waves and larger actuation delays have an adverse effect on the IK controller's ability to compensate for vessel motion. The RL agent is shown to be effective at mitigating large parts of these errors, both in the average case and in the worst case. Its modest requirement for sensory information, combined with the inherent safety in only making small adjustments, also makes it a promising approach for real-world deployment.
Clinical, radiological and surprise diagnosis of femoral hernia

The author has treated three cases of femoral hernias over the years. Femoral hernias are rare compared to inguinal hernias. Here, there were varied clinical presentations of all femoral hernias. Obstruction, strangulation and groin swelling were the presentations observed. Management of all varies according to presentation. Because of narrow neck and stiff femoral canal chances of complications are more. Use of minimal access techniques may reduce the morbidity of surgical treatment in emergency.
Maximal Cohen–Macaulay Modules over Gorenstein Rings and Bourbaki-Sequences

Motivated by recent work of Knorrer [17], Buchweitz, Greuel and Schreyer [9] who proved that a hypersurface singularity R over C is of finite Cohen-Macaulay representation type if and only if Risa simple hypersurface singularity, we were led to study, quite in general, maximal CohenMacaulay modules (MCM-modules) over Gorenstein rings. Of course, there is no deeper reason why one should restrict one's attention to Gorenstein rings. It seems, however, that representation theory over nonGorenstein rings is fundamentally more complicated. For instance, the question of the finite Cohen-Macaulay representation type is not completely settled, though some beautiful techniques have been developed just for that purpose by M. Auslander and I. Reiten [20]. They also give two examples of non-Gorenstein rings of dim > 3, which are of finite CohenMacaulay representation type. No other such examples are known. In [14] the first named author of the paper showed that C[ x, y] 0 is of finite Cohen-Macaulay representation type, where G<:;;;_G/(2; C) is finite. That these are the only 2-dimensional rings with this property was shown by Artin-Verdier [2], Auslander [3] and Esnault [13]. The great technical advantage of Gorenstein rings is that MCMmodules over Gorenstein rings are reflexive, and that the R-dual of an MCM-module is again an MCM-module. For the rest of the paper let us always assume that (R, m) is a local Gorenstein ring. The most general question one may raise in this connection is to determine all isomorphism classes of indecomposable MCMmodules over R. Of course, this problem is posed far too generally, and should be considered only as a "Leitmotiv". The following problem seems to be more accessible: Determine all pairs of numbers (m, n) for which there exists an MCM-module M which has rank m and is minimally generated by n elements. We call (m, n) the data of M. In [10] D. Eisenbud gives a very explicit description of the MCM-
An improved projection method for solving generalized variational inequality problems

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a new algorithm for solving generalized variational inequality problems(GVIP for short) in finite-dimensional Euclidean space. In this method, our next iterate point is obtained by projecting the current iterate point onto a half-space. This half-space can separate strictly the current iterate point from the solution set of GVIP. Moreover, this method works without needing the current point belongs to the feasible set. Comparing with methods in Konnov [A combined relaxation method for variational inequalities with nonlinear constraints. Math Program. 1998;80(2):239–252] and Fang and Chen [Subgradient extragradient algorithm for solving multi-valued variational inequality. Appl Math Comput. 2014;229(3-4):123–130], our method can get rid of an auxiliary procedure in each iteration which is used to ensure the current iterate point belongs to feasible set. Consequently, our method is more simpler than those algorithms. The global convergence is proved under mild assumptions. Numerical results show that this method is much more efficient than the method in Li and He [An algorithm for generalized variational inequality with pseudomonotone mapping. J Comput Appl Math. 2009;228:212–218].
Flow and Nematic Director Profiles in a Microfluidic Channel: The Interplay of Nematic Material Constants and Backflow

We numerically and analytically study the flow and nematic order parameter profiles in a microfluidic channel, within the Beris–Edwards theory for nematodynamics, with two different types of boundary conditions—strong anchoring/Dirichlet conditions and mixed boundary conditions for the nematic order parameter. We primarily study the effects of the pressure gradient, the effects of the material constants and viscosities modelled by a parameter L 2 and the nematic elastic constant L ∗ , along with the effects of the choice of the boundary condition. We study continuous and discontinuous solution profiles for the nematic director and these discontinuous solutions have a domain wall structure, with a layered structure that offers new possibilities. Our main results concern the onset of flow reversal as a function of L ∗ and L 2 , including the identification of certain parameter regimes with zero net flow rate. These results are of value in tuning microfluidic geometries, boundary conditions and choosing liquid crystalline materials for desired flow properties.
Hierarchical Classification for Instrument Activity Detection in Orchestral Music Recordings

Instrument activity detection is a fundamental task in music information retrieval, serving as a basis for many applications, such as music recommendation, music tagging, or remixing. Most published works on this task cover popular music and music for smaller ensembles. In this article, we embrace orchestral and opera music recordings as a rarely considered scenario for automated instrument activity detection. Orchestral music is particularly challenging since it consists of intricate polyphonic and polytimbral sound mixtures where multiple instruments are playing simultaneously. Orchestral instruments can naturally be arranged in hierarchical taxonomies, according to instrument families. As the main contribution of this article, we show that a hierarchical classification approach can be used to detect instrument activity in our scenario, even if only few fine-grained, instrument-level annotations are available. We further consider additional loss terms for improving the hierarchical consistency of predictions. For our experiments, we collect a dataset containing 14 hours of orchestral music recordings with aligned instrument activity annotations. Finally, we perform an analysis of the behavior of our proposed approach with regard to potential confounding errors.
Analysis of Maize Value Addition among Entrepreneurs in Taraba State, Nigeria

This study analyzed maize value addition among maize entrepreneurs in Taraba State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to collect primary data from two hundred and twelve respondents (212), using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Value addition model, ANOVA, multinomial logistic regression, log likelihood test ratio and factor analysis. The result of the study revealed that most (62.3%) respondents were males. 61.3% were within the productive age of 21-40 years. Majority (71.1%) were married with household sizes of 6-10. The total of (32.8%) respondents of them had secondary school education, (46.6%) had processing experience of between 6-10 years in processing as their major occupation. proportionate (49.2%) of total respondents had non-farm income of N150,001 per annum. Results of the value addition analysis showed that maize processed as boiled maize is more profitable with a mean of N130, 900 per annum. The result from the multinomial logistic regression on choice of maize processing enterprises revealed that sex had negative coefficient, which implied that male respondents preferred grain production enterprise rather than processing into akamu, corn flour, massa and boiled maize. Also age had negative coefficient, implying that age increase tends to favour grain production than processing. In relation to processing constraints, the maize processing value chain was hampered by the following: inadequate processing facilities, inadequate credit/funds, high cost of transport and inadequate access to inputs. The study concluded that maize value addition is a profitable enterprise and entrepreneurs should be encouraged to venture into it. Also the Agricultural Development Project Programme should send extension agents to processors to encourage processing diversification especially into poultry feeds.
Functional Characterization of Pheromone Receptors in the Beet Webworm, Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Simple Summary The moth Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a typical migrant insect pest found in North America, Eastern Europe, and Asia. The natural pheromone compounds of adult moths are involved in courtship and mating behavior. In this article, we examine the peripheral mechanisms of sex communication, demonstrating that the pheromone receptor (PR) LstiPR2 responds specifically to the major sex pheromone compound E11-14:OAc, which results in the activation of the “a” neuron in sensilla trichodea. The other four LstiPRs showed no response to any sex pheromone compounds. This study will contribute to a new, environmentally friendly strategy for integrated pest management of L. sticticalis. Abstract Lepidopteran insects mainly rely on sex pheromones to complete sexual communications. Pheromone receptors (PRs) are expressed on the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the sensilla trichodea and play an essential role in sexual communication. Despite extensive investigations into the mechanisms of peripheral recognition of sex pheromones in Lepidoptera, knowledge about these mechanisms in L. sticticalis remains limited. In this study, five candidate LstiPRs were analyzed in a phylogenetic tree with those of other Lepidopteran insects. Electroantennography (EAG) assays showed that the major sex pheromone component E11-14:OAc elicited a stronger antennal response than other compounds in male moths. Moreover, two types of neurons in sensilla trichodea were classified by single sensillum recordings, of which the “a” neuron specifically responded to E11-14:OAc. Five candidate PRs were functionally assayed by the heterologous expression system of Xenopus oocytes, and LstiPR2 responded to the major sex pheromone E11-14:OAc. Our findings suggest that LstiPR2 is a PR sensitive to L. sticticalis’s major sex pheromone compound, E11-14:OAc. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the sexual communication behavior of L. sticticalis, forming a foundation for further analysis of the species’ central nervous system.
Mechanical properties and failure behaviour of graphene/silicene/graphene heterostructures

Van der Waals heterostructures based on graphene and other 2D materials have attracted great attention recently. In this study, the mechanical properties and failure behaviour of a graphene/silicene/graphene heterostructure are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that by sandwiching silicene in-between two graphene layers, both ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the heterostructure increase approximately by a factor of 10 compared with those of stand-alone silicene. By examining the fracture process of the heterostructure, we find that graphene and silicene exhibit quite different fracture behaviour. While graphene undergoes cleavage through its zigzag edge only, silicene can cleave through both its zigzag and armchair edges. In addition, we study the effects of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties of the heterostructure and find that an increase in temperature results in a decrease in its mechanical strength and stiffness, while an increase in strain rate leads to an increase in its mechanical strength without significant changes in its stiffness. We further explore the failure mechanism and show that the temperature and strain-rate dependent fracture stress can be accurately described by the kinetic theory of fracture. Our findings provide a deep insight into the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of graphene/silicene heterostructures.
Experimental study of gasification rate of fast-growing willow biomass

The biomass of fast-growing hybrid plants can be an effective source for energy conversion. The biomass of energy plants: hybrid poplar, hybrid willow etc., is a potential fuel for obtaining thermal and electrical energy. It should be noted that a small size downdraft gasifier, which is economically available and the most reliable equipment, is the most suitable for the use in small or medium production conditions for energy conversion of fast-growing willow biomass. The experimental confirmation of the mathematical model of fast-growing willow biomass gasification rate is proposed to carry out in the paper. According to the model, the rate of biomass gasification is proportional to the amount of biomass remaining ungasified. The gasification rate coefficients of four fractions of fast-growing willow biomass pieces and pellets were determined by the research results. During the research, the supply of oxidizer (air) to the working area (zone) of the downdraft gasifier was changed. When the air supply into a gasifier is minimal, the gasification rate coefficient is actually the same for all biomass fractions of fast-growing willow Salix Viminalis, L. and is 4.1·10-5 ± 0.1·10-5 s-1. With an increase in air supply the gasification rate coefficient increases and reaches its maximum value at an air supply of 9·10-3 m3·s-1, further increase in the air volume does not lead to an increase in the gasification rate coefficient. As the size of fuel pieces decreases, the rate coefficient also increases and is 9.476·10-5 s-1 for the fraction with the smallest pieces.
A praat-based stuttering analysis of the main character in the king’s speech movie: a neuropsycholinguistic study

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetitions or prolongations of words or syllables, or by involuntary interruptions in the flow of speech, known as blocks. Stuttering can happen due to genetics and environmental factors or psychogenic. This research aims to identify the types of stuttering that occur and to explain the factors that contribute to stuttering and the effect on the main character's speech fluency in the movie "The King's Speech. " The data for this research comes from The King's Speech movie. The descriptive qualitative approach was used in this study in which the method and technique used in collecting the data were the observation method and the technique consists of observing, recording using Praat as a speech analyzer, and noting. The data were analyzed using the referential and distributional methods. Based on the result of the data analysis, the number of data for the type of stuttering is 286 data, each of them consisting of 158 data for repetition, 124 data for blocking, and 4 data for prolongation. In analyzing Bertie’s utterance, Bertie, as the main character, found a problem in producing consonants that cause stuttering, the consonants consist of /m/, /k/, /b/, /p/, /y/, /ch/, /th/, / c/, /g/, /w/ , /h/, /f/, /n/, /d/, and /s/ with repetition of sounds in words starting with phonemes /m/, /p/, /k/ and /b/ predominates when stuttering occurs. Meanwhile, the repetitions of vowel sounds that often occur are /a/, /i/, /o/, /e/ and the vowel sounds /a/ and /i/ dominate each repetition sound. Besides the problem in producing consonants and vowels in utterance, psychological factors are also the main factors in the occurrence of stuttering, such as feelings of depression, anger, and anxiety that trigger the main character to produce speech-blocking. Therefore, the type of stuttering experienced by the main character is psychogenic stuttering.
Impact of supply chain robustness and resilience on firm performance: A perspective of Pakistan textile industry

This study investigates the impact of supply chain resilience and robustness on ﬁrm performance and also examines the signiﬁcance of supply chain risk management (SCRM) in minimizing the consequences of disruptions on supply chain performance in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was gathered using convenience sampling technique through a survey from management staﬀ (n=409) working in textile companies operating in Pakistan. Using SPSS software for data analysis, thisstudy proposes a mediation model where risk management practices are proposed as a mediator between supply chain resilience, robustness and ﬁrm performance. The ﬁndings highlight that supply chain resilience and robustness have positive signiﬁcant eﬀect on ﬁrm performance. The results also revealed that supply chain risk management mediates the relationships between supply chain resilience, robustness and ﬁrm performance. The ﬁndings show that managers should focus more on improving supply chain risk management operations and prioritize their SC resilience and robustness competencies for better ﬁrm performance. Furthermore, this is among the few quantitative studies dealing with supply chain risk management procedures, SC resilience and robustness in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research limitations have been identiﬁed and suggestions for future research have been provided.
Estimating HIV incidence from multiple sources of data

This thesis develops novel statistical methodology for estimating the incidence and the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) using routinely collected surveillance data. The robust estimation of HIV incidence and prevalence is crucial to correctly evaluate the effectiveness of targeted public health interventions and to accurately predict the HIVrelated burden imposed on healthcare services. Bayesian CD4-based multi-state back-calculation methods are a key tool for monitoring the HIV epidemic, providing estimates of HIV incidence and diagnosis rates by disentangling their competing contribution to the observed surveillance data. Improving the effectiveness of public health interventions, requires targeting specific age-groups at high risk of infection; however, existing methods are limited in that they do not allow for such subgroups to be identified. Therefore the methodological focus of this thesis lies in developing a rigorous statistical framework for age-dependent back-calculation in order to achieve the joint estimation of age-and-time dependent HIV incidence and diagnosis rates. Key challenges we specifically addressed include ensuring the computational feasibility of proposed methods, an issue that has previously hindered extensions of back-calculation, and achieving the joint modelling of time-and-age specific incidence. The suitability of non-parametric bivariate smoothing methods for modelling the age-and-time specific incidence has been investigated in detail within comprehensive simulation studies. Furthermore, in order to enhance the generalisability of the proposed model, we developed back-calculation that can admit surveillance data less rich in detail; these handle surveillance data collected from an intermediate point of the epidemic, or only available on a coarse scale, and concern both age-dependent and age-independent back-calculation. The applicability of the proposed methods is illustrated using routinely collected surveillance data from England and Wales, for the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM).