Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insomnia Subtypes in Depressive Disorders and their Relationship to Clinical Outcomes

Objective : To investigate the insomnia subtypes found in patients with depressive disorders, those in both remission and non-remission groups. Methods : This report describes the insomnia subtypes found in outpatients with depressive disorders after 3 months of treatment. Two hundred and twenty-four participants with depressive disorder were evaluated using the Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HAM-D) insomnia subscale at the baseline and at a three-month follow-up. The insomnia subtypes found at each of these points were compared. Clinical Global Impression was applied to define the presence or not of remission, and the influence of each insomnia subtype on HAM-D scores over time analyzed. Results : Ninety-three percent of the participants were found to have insomnia. The most common subtype was simultaneous initial, middle and terminal insomnia, with 52% showing this subtype at the baseline, and 15% at the 3-month follow-up. The mean score for simultaneous early, middle and terminal insomnia decreased more among those in the remitted group than in those from the non-remitted group (mean difference = -1.76, 95% CI = -0.24 to -1.19). All three subtypes were significant predictors of HAM-D scores over time (p < .0001) and the initial and terminal subtypes also appeared to have an effect when interacting with time. Conclusions : The most common subtype is simultaneous early, middle and terminal insomnia, the decrease in insomnia severity is related to remission among depressive disorders.
The performance model of Hyper-Threading Technology in Intel Nehalem microarchitecture

The Hyper-Threading Technology introduced by Intel makes one physical processor appear as two logical processors with duplicated architecture state and shared system resources. From microarchitecture perspective, instructions from both logical processes will execute simultaneously by competing shared resources. This paper proposes a novel Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets (GSPN) model for the Hyper-Threading Technology which is well-suited to model the synchronization, parallelization, buffering and resource sharing. We set accurate input parameters depending on the characters of applications running on the processors which allow us to predict performance precisely. We compare our results of model simulation with the outcome of experiments on Intel Nehalem-EP series processors and it shows our model produces less than 10% error rate for the CPI and the use states of IQ, RS, ROB.
Intervention-Causation Fallacy: Treatment Approach, Gender, Illness Sensitivity and Prior Knowledge in Attitudes to Fibromyalgia

3 INTRODUCTION . 4 FIBROMYALGIA. 5 ATTITUDES TO FIBROMYALGIA . 7 Treatment Approach. 8 Gender . 11 Illness/Injury Sensitivity.13 Prior Knowledge . 14 RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESES. 15 METHOD . 18 PARTICIPANTS. 18 DESIGN . 18 MATERIALS . 19 PROCEDURE. 23 RES ULTS . 24 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS. 24 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS. 26 DISCUSS ION . 29 SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS . 29 INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS . 29 Hypothesis 1.29 Hypothesis 2.30 Hypothesis 3.31 Hypothesis 4.32 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES . 33 CONCLUSION. 34 REFERENCE LIS T . 36 APPENDICES . 47 APPENDIX A . 47 APPENDIX B . 48 APPENDIX C . 49 APPENDIX D . 50 APPENDIX E . 51
Chapter 9 ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION

Ant colony optimization (ACO) is a metaheuristic that was originally introduced for solving combinatorial optimization problems. In this chapter we present the general description of ACO, as well as its adaptation for the application to continuous optimization problems. We apply this adaptation of ACO to optimize the weights of feed-forward neural networks for the purpose of pattern classification. As test problems we choose three data sets from the well-known PROBEN1 medical database. The experimental results show that our algorithm is comparable to specialized algorithms for feed-forward neural network training. Furthermore, the results compare favourably to the results of other general-purpose methods such as genetic algorithms.
Tempol, a Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Agent, Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity through Alleviation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial mechanism by which cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, causes nephrotoxicity where mitochondrial electron transport complexes are shifted mostly toward imbalanced reactive oxygen species versus energy production. In the present study, the protective role of tempol, a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic agent, was evaluated on mitochondrial dysfunction and the subsequent damage induced by cisplatin nephrotoxicity in mice. Methods and Findings Nephrotoxicity was assessed 72 h after a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (25 mg/kg) with or without oral administration of tempol (100 mg/kg/day). Serum creatinine and urea as well as glucosuria and proteinuria were evaluated. Both kidneys were isolated for estimation of oxidative stress markers, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and caspase-3 activity. Moreover, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, complexes I–IV activities and mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase (mNOS) protein expression were measured along with histological examinations of renal tubular damage and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes. Tempol was effective against cisplatin-induced elevation of serum creatinine and urea as well as glucosuria and proteinuria. Moreover, pretreatment with tempol notably inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and disruption of mitochondrial function by restoring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, complexes I and III activities, mNOS protein expression and ATP content. Tempol also provided significant protection against apoptosis, tubular damage and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes. Interestingly, tempol did not interfere with the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin against the growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma. Conclusion This study highlights the potential role of tempol in inhibiting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without affecting its antitumor activity via amelioration of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Probabilistic Encoding of Vocalizations in Macaque Ventral Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

We examined strategies for classifying macaque vocalizations into their corresponding categories, as well as whether or not there was evidence that prefrontal auditory neurons were related to this process. We found that static estimates of the spectral and temporal contrasts of the calls were not effective features for discriminating among the call classes. A hidden Markov model (HMM), however, was more effective at discriminating among the call classes, reaching a performance of almost 75% correct. Finally, we found that the responses of prefrontal auditory neurons could be predicted more effectively as linear functions of the probabilistic output of the HMM than as linear functions of the spectral features of the calls. This provides evidence that, for call recognition, the macaque auditory system likely performs dynamic processing of vocalizations, and that prefrontal auditory neurons carry a signal related to the output of this processing.
Paternal involvement and child sleep

While maternal influences on young children’s sleep are increasingly documented, the study of paternal contributions to this important sphere of child functioning is only just beginning. In addition, much of this emerging research has focused on infancy only or has relied on parental reports of child sleep. The current study aimed to examine the associations between paternal involvement and child sleep during toddlerhood, a period that witnesses both increased paternal involvement in child care and marked developments in child sleep. Fathers (N = 85) reported on their involvement when their toddlers were aged 2 years, and sleep was assessed objectively with actigraphy at age 3. Results indicated that above and beyond several key covariates, fathers who reported engaging more frequently in emotional support with their 2-year-old child, and those who reported evoking the child more often, had children who slept longer at night 1 year later. These results are among the first to suggest potential paternal influences on children’s sleep after the infancy period. They raise the possibility that interventions seeking to enhance paternal involvement may carry benefits for toddlers’ sleep and consequently, for aspects of cognition, behavior, and emotion that depend on adequate sleep regulation.
Dried Plum’s Unique Capacity to Reverse Bone Loss and Alter Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Model

Interest in dried plum has increased over the past decade due to its promise in restoring bone and preventing bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis. This study compared the effects of dried plum on bone to other dried fruits and further explored the potential mechanisms of action through which dried plum may exert its osteoprotective effects. Adult osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape or mango for 8 weeks. Whole body and spine bone mineral density improved in mice consuming the dried plum, apricot and grape diets compared to the OVX control mice, but dried plum was the only fruit to have an anabolic effect on trabecular bone in the vertebra and prevent bone loss in the tibia. Restoration of biomechanical properties occurred in conjunction with the changes in trabecular bone in the spine. Compared to other dried fruits in this study, dried plum was unique in its ability to down-regulate osteoclast differentiation coincident with up-regulating osteoblast and glutathione (GPx) activity. These alterations in bone metabolism and antioxidant status compared to other dried fruits provide insight into dried plum’s unique effects on bone.
Performance Bounds on Image Denoising or “ Is Denoising Dead ? ”

Image denoising has been a well studied problem in the field of image processing. Yet researchers continue to focus attention on it in order to better the current state of the art. Recently proposed methods take widely different approaches to the problem and yet their denoising performances are comparable. A pertinent question then to ask is whether there is a theoretical limit to denoising performance and more importantly, are we there yet? As camera manufacturers continue to pack increasing numbers of pixels per unit area, we study the performance limits of denoising algorithms that they rely on to reduce the effects of the resultant increase in noise sensitivity. Our work in this paper estimates a lower bound on the mean squared error of the denoised result and compares the performance of current state of the art denoising methods with this bound. We show that despite the phenomenal recent progress in the quality of denoising algorithms, much room for improvement still remains, particularly for difficult to denoise images, and at low signal-to-noise levels. Therefore, denoising is not dead – yet.
Providing feedback to service customers: The effect of the presentation order and repetition of feedback types

Purpose In services, customers’ successful performance of expected roles is critical to ensuring successful service outcomes. To help customers perform their roles better, service providers offer them feedback on their performance. To improve the design of customer feedback that contains both positive and negative messages, the purpose of this paper is to examine the order and the repetition effect of feedback message types on customer feedback satisfaction, motivation, and compliance intention, focusing on the moderating effect of customer involvement level. This paper also examines whether feedback satisfaction and motivation mediate the moderation effect of the order or repetition of feedback message type and customer involvement level on compliance intention. Design/methodology/approach This study employs two between-subject quasi-experimental designs: 2 (feedback message order: positive message first vs negative message first) × 2 (involvement level: high vs low) and a 2 (repeated feedback type: positive vs negative) × 2 (involvement level: high vs low). Data collection occurred through an online survey using eight health checkup scenarios. Hypotheses were tested by using MANOVA and PROCESS. Findings The customer involvement level moderated the effect of the presentation order of feedback message type on customer responses. With highly involved customers, offering positive feedback initially produced responses that were more favorable. With customers with low involvement, the order did not matter. The effects of feedback satisfaction and motivation as mediators in the effect of order on compliance intention were significant only with highly involved customers. The mediation effect of motivation was much stronger than that of feedback satisfaction. The repetition of a particular feedback type took effect only with customers with low-involvement level. Compared to the no-repetition condition (positive-negative), when positive feedback was repeated (positive-negative-positive), motivation increased. Compared to the no-repetition condition (negative-positive), when negative feedback was repeated (negative-positive-negative), feedback satisfaction and compliance intention decreased. In terms of mediating effect, only feedback satisfaction was a meaningful mediator and only when negative feedback was repeated to low-involvement customers. Originality/value This study contributes to research by extending feedback studies in services to include a consideration of the order and repetition of feedback message types as design variables; it contributes practically by suggesting how to design feedback for better customer responses such as feedback satisfaction, motivation, and compliance intention.
"I'm Sure He Didn't Mean It That Way": The Influence of Leader Characteristics on Perceptions of Everyday Sexism

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of organizational leaders to facilitate the experience of everyday sexism in the workplace by influencing individual perceptions and acceptance of sexist behaviors. Rationale for hypotheses is presented under a social information processing framework. Social and organizational consequences of leader likability and idiosyncrasy credits are also discussed. It was hypothesized that particular leader characteristics (e.g., leader likability) and individual differences (gender identification and stigma consciousness) impact perceptions of bias. Female MTurk workers viewed a video of a female employee describing her male supervisor in a 2 (Leader Likability: high vs. low) × 2 (Sexism Cues: present vs. absent) between-subjects design and provided ratings of perceived leader bias and competence, as well as answers to behavioral response items. As predicted, sexism cues and likability had main effects on leader perceptions, such that leaders were perceived more negatively when sexism cues were present rather than absent and when the leader was low in likability rather than high. Stigma consciousness and gender identification both served as moderators between the presence of sexism cues and perceptions of leader bias. Sexism cues and leader likability also impacted endorsement of a variety of behavioral responses that could be taken against the leader (e.g., filing a complaint with Human Resources). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. LEADER CHARACTERISTICS AND SEXISM ii Thesis Committee Jane Halpert, Ph.D., Chairperson Kimberly Quinn, Ph.D. LEADER CHARACTERISTICS AND SEXISM iii
Suzaku Discovery of Iron Absorption Lines in Outburst Spectra of the X-Ray Transient 4U 1630-472

We present the results of six Suzaku observations of the recurrent black hole transient 4U 1630−472 during its decline from outburst from February 8 to March 23 in 2006. All observations show the typical high/soft state spectral shape in the 2–50keV band, roughly described by an optically thick-disk spectrum in the soft energy band plus a weak power-law tail that becomes dominant only above ∼ 20keV. The disk temperature decreases from 1.4keV to 1.2keV as the flux decreases by a factor of 2, consistent with a constant radius, as expected for disk-dominated spectra. All of the observations reveal significant absorption lines from highly ionized (H-like and He-like) iron Kα’s at 7.0keV and 6.7keV. The energies of these absorption lines suggest a blue shift with an outflow velocity of ∼ 1000kms −1 . The H-like iron Kα equivalent width remains approximately constant at ∼ 30eV over all of the observations, while that of the He-like Kα line increases from 7eV to 20eV. Thus, the ionization state of the material decreases, as expected from the decline in flux. By fitting the profile with Voigt functions (curve of growth) together with detailed photo-ionization calculations, the total absorbing column, and the ionization parameter were estimated to be (1.0–0.7) ×10 23 cm −2 and (6–4) ×10 4 , respectively, for a velocity dispersion of 500kms −1 . T his in turn constrains the size of the plasma to be ∼ 10 10 cm, assuming a source distance of 10kpc.
Ju l 2 00 6 Geometrical ( 2 + 1 )-gravity and the Chern-Simons formulation : Grafting , Dehn twists , Wilson loop observables and the cosmological constant

We relate the geometrical and the Chern-Simons description of (2+1)-dimensional gravity for spacetimes of topology R×Sg, where Sg is an oriented two-surface of genus g > 1, for Lorentzian signature and general cosmological constant and the Euclidean case with negative cosmological constant. We show how the variables parametrising the phase space in the Chern-Simons formalism are obtained from the geometrical description and how the geometrical construction of (2+1)-spacetimes via grafting along closed, simple geodesics gives rise to transformations on the phase space. We demonstrate that these transformations are generated via the Poisson bracket by one of the two canonical Wilson loop observables associated to the geodesic, while the other acts as the Hamiltonian for infinitesimal Dehn twists. For spacetimes with Lorentzian signature, we discuss the role of the cosmological constant as a deformation parameter in the geometrical and the Chern-Simons formulation of the theory. In particular, we show that the Lie algebras of the Chern-Simons gauge groups can be identified with the (2+1)-dimensional Lorentz algebra over a commutative ring, characterised by a formal parameter ΘΛ whose square is minus the cosmological constant. In this framework, the Wilson loop observables that generate grafting and Dehn twists are obtained as the real and the ΘΛ-component of a Wilson loop observable with values in the ring, and the grafting transformations can be viewed as infinitesimal Dehn twists with the parameter ΘΛ.
Dynamic Adaptation of Content and Structure in Electronic Encyclopaedias

Adaptive functionality has been applied successfully in many areas ranging from user interfaces to hypermedia systems. Digital libraries and electronic encyclopaedias, however, have rarely made use of the power of adaptation. In this paper, an approach to include adaptation into encyclopaedic environments is presented. The proposal covers a set of adaptation techniques. They enable the system to explain technical terms and replace domain specific expressions with "plain" words automatically. Moreover, specific terms can be linked to further articles automatedly. Blacklisting, whitelisting and general link alteration are employed in order to assure quality standards and to provide users with more appropriate hyperlinks. With navigation support based on the automatic insertion of trails and suggestions of potentially interesting articles, the users' navigation in encyclopaedias can be facilitated. A first version has been implemented in project "Alexander" and has been made available to a limited public. The system is based on a traditional client-server architecture, where the server-side components perform the actual adaptation. Details of this pilot project are provided.
OOOSIM: Open Source Out-of-Order Core Simulator for Teaching Computer Architecture

This paper presents an open source out-of-order core simulator, OOOSIM, for effectively teaching Computer Architecture students. The novelty of the idea lies in introducing the students to the open source development paradigm whilst making them learn the fundamental concepts of Computer Architecture such as out-of-order execution, in-order commitment and the impact of cache misses and speculative load execution. OOOSIM allows students to change hardware configuration parameters and to conduct a performance analysis of how various parameters such as issue width, reservation station, re-order buffer and cache size affect processor throughputs. We plan to introduce this as a teaching tool for teachers of Computer Architecture and alongside that encourage them to give students programming assignments for extending the features of this open source simulator.
Molecular characterization of cryptosporidium in children aged 0- 5 years with diarrhea in Jos, Nigeria

Introduction Cryptosporidium is an important cause of diarrhea in children and immune-compromised individuals. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have led to the discovery of subtype families that are thought to be more commonly associated with diarrhea. We aimed to isolate and characterize Cryptosporidium spp among children with diarrhea in Jos, Nigeria. Methods Stool samples were collected from165 children aged 0-5 years with diarrhea. Cryptosporidium oocysts were examined by wet mount preparation, using formalin ether and a modified acid fast staining method. DNA was extracted from positive samples using QIAamp DNA stool mini kit and PCR-RFLP assay was carried out after quantification. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis were done to determine the subtype families and their relatedness. Results From the 165 children studied, 8 (4.8%) were infected with Cryptosporidium. PCR-RFLP assay and genotype characterization found the following Cryptosporidium species: C. hominis 6 (75%) and C. parvum 2 (25.0%), with family subtypes Id-5, Ie-1 and IIa-1, IId-1 respectively.The most common species was C. hominis and the frequent subtype was C. hominis-Id 5 (62.5%). Conclusion Cryptosporidium is not an uncommon cause of diarrhea in children, with C. hominis being the dominant species. Also C. hominis Id is the commonest sub-family subtype. Put together, zoonotic species may be an important cause of diarrhea in children aged 0-5 years in Jos, Nigeria.
Hongmei Li, Advertising and Consumer Culture in China

The webcam is coming to play a significant role in interpersonal communication, and yet there are few studies that are devoted to the study of mediated visual interpersonal communication. In this book, Miller and Sinanan present a ground-breaking ethnography of the mundanity of everyday webcam use and of their role in sustaining personal relationships. They take issue with arguments such as those put forward by Sherry Turkle that technology is destroying real relationships. Rather technology is reconfiguring real relationships so that they are often constituted by a hybrid of unmediated and mediated communication. The authors advance an anthropological sensibility that sees human communication in different periods and using different technologies in a comparative perspective, rather than adopting a normative approach and assessing different modes of communication as better or worse, or more or less developed in one aspect or another. This is referred to by the authors as the first pillar of a theory of attainment. The second pillar is when technology use becomes taken for granted and is an integral part of what humans think they are in a mundane fashion. The theory of attainment is primarily a thick description of how technology use becomes taken-for-granted and integral to human life and is of course applicable to different technologies and periods.