Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of voltage-sensitive dendritic conductances on bistable firing and effective synaptic current in cat spinal motoneurons in vivo.

1. After application of the noradrenergic alpha 1 agonist methoxamine, muscle spindle Ia input evoked bistable firing patterns (i.e., persistent discharges after Ia input ceased) in adult spinal motoneurons in the decerebrate cat preparation. These bistable discharge patterns were compared with the Ia currents generated in voltage-clamp conditions. 2. During voltage clamp at depolarized holding potentials, the Ia effective synaptic current underwent strong amplification. In those cells with strong bistable firing, a prolonged tail current followed the Ia input. Because the voltage clamp held the behavior of somatic conductances constant, these data indicate that voltage-sensitive conductances in the motoneuron dendrites made an important contribution to bistable firing.
Subaortic stenosis, the univentricular heart, and banding of the pulmonary artery: an analysis of the courses of 43 patients with univentricular heart palliated by pulmonary artery banding.

Subaortic stenosis is well known to complicate the clinical course of patients with single ventricle or univentricular hearts, and we have previously suggested that the development of subaortic stenosis in such patients may be causal to and/or accelerated by previous banding of the main pulmonary trunk. To further define the relationship between banding of the pulmonary artery in patients with univentricular hearts and the development of subaortic stenosis, we examined the morphologic substrate and timing of the development of subaortic stenosis in 43 patients seen at our institution from January 1, 1970, through June 30, 1985. These 43 patients include all patients in this period with an unequivocal univentricular heart whose longitudinal data was available for follow-up. We excluded patients who died within 1 week of surgery, patients lost to follow-up, and patients with evidence of subaortic stenosis before banding. Thirty-one of 43 patients (72.1%) developed subaortic stenosis subsequent to banding of the main pulmonary artery. The mean age at banding of those patients who developed subaortic stenosis was 0.21 years, and subaortic stenosis was recognized at a mean age of 2.52 years. For the specific cohort of patients whose ventricular morphology was a main chamber of left ventricular type supporting the pulmonary artery and a rudimentary right ventricle supporting the transposed aorta (32 patients), 27 developed subaortic stenosis (84.4%). Subaortic stenosis in the classic form of single ventricle usually results from progressive restriction of a wholly muscular interventricular communication. Banding of the pulmonary artery by producing myocardial hypertrophy undoubtedly accelerates the potential for subaortic stenosis in these patients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modeling of Whispering Gallery Modes for Rare Earth Spectroscopic Characterization

A refined model of a mid-IR amplifier, constituted by a tapered chalcogenide fiber coupled to an erbium-doped chalcogenide microsphere, is integrated with a global solution search procedure based on particle swarm optimization approach. It is implemented in a computer code in order to obtain an inversion algorithm useful to evaluate the spectroscopic parameters of rare-earth-doped glass microspheres. The rare earth parameters can be recovered by means of the optical gain measurement. The error in evaluation of the erbium lifetime τ41 is <;3.5%. It is <;0.5% for the other lifetimes and ion-ion interaction parameters. These excellent results are obtained since whispering gallery mode electromagnetic field interacts with rare earth for long effective distances.
Combined contention and TDMA-based communication in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks usually consist of a large number of very small, energy-constrained sensor nodes. The nodes capture information from their immediate environment to send it to a destination node (sink) in a timely manner. This work proposes a combined contention and TDMA-based approach for load balancing and a discrete-time Markov model that allows to study the trade-off between energy consumption and transfer delay in clustered wireless sensor networks. Our investigations show that the length of the TDMA frame needs to be configured close to the minimum that is capable of transferring the offered load for optimizing energy efficiency and minimizing the delay.
Nemaline Myopathy-Related Skeletal Muscle α-Actin (ACTA1) Mutation, Asp286Gly, Prevents Proper Strong Myosin Binding and Triggers Muscle Weakness

Many mutations in the skeletal muscle α-actin gene (ACTA1) lead to muscle weakness and nemaline myopathy. Despite increasing clinical and scientific interest, the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of weakness remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed at unraveling these mechanisms using muscles from a transgenic mouse model of nemaline myopathy expressing the ACTA1 Asp286Gly mutation. We recorded and analyzed the mechanics of membrane-permeabilized single muscle fibers. We also performed molecular energy state computations in the presence or absence of Asp286Gly. Results demonstrated that during contraction, the Asp286Gly acts as a “poison-protein” and according to the computational analysis it modifies the actin-actin interface. This phenomenon is likely to prevent proper myosin cross-bridge binding, limiting the fraction of actomyosin interactions in the strong binding state. At the cell level, this decreases the force-generating capacity, and, overall, induces muscle weakness. To counterbalance such negative events, future potential therapeutic strategies may focus on the inappropriate actin-actin interface or myosin binding.
Cardiac Myocyte KLF 5 Regulates Ppara Expression and Cardiac Function

1Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Temple University School of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Philadelphia, USA; 2Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute & Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; 4NYU-Langone School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, New York, NY, USA, and; 5Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA.
An All-MOSFET Sub-1-V Voltage Reference With a —51 –dB PSR up to 60 MHz

This paper presents a voltage reference (VR) with a power supply rejection (PSR) better than 50 dB for frequencies of up to 60 MHz, and uses MOSFETs in strong inversion. Another innovation is a compact MOSFET low-pass filter, which was developed along with a feedback technique for a wide-bandwidth PSR not achieved in previous works. The proposed all-MOSFET VR was fabricated using a standard <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. It achieves a minimum temperature coefficient of 6.5 ppm/°C for temperatures from −30 °C to 110 °C. The line regulation is 0.076%/V for a step from 0.8 to 2.2 V supply voltage with 360 nW power consumption at room temperature and an area of 0.0143 mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{{\mathbf {2}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
A Generalized Coherence Framework for Detecting and Characterizing Nonlinear Interactions in the Nervous System

Objective: This paper introduces a generalized coherence framework for detecting and characterizing nonlinear interactions in the nervous system, namely cross-spectral coherence (CSC). CSC can detect different types of nonlinear interactions including harmonic and intermodulation coupling as present in static nonlinearities and also subharmonic coupling, which only occurs with dynamic nonlinearities. Methods: We verified the performance of CSC in model simulations with both static and dynamic nonlinear systems. We applied CSC to investigate nonlinear stimulus-response interactions in the human proprioceptive system. A periodic movement perturbation was imposed to the wrist when the subjects performed an isotonic wrist flexion. CSC analysis was performed between the perturbation and brain responses (electroencephalogram, EEG). Results: Both the simulation and the application demonstrated that CSC successfully detected different types of nonlinear interactions. High-order nonlinearities were revealed in the proprioceptive system, shown in harmonic and intermodulation coupling between the perturbation and EEG for all subjects. Subharmonic coupling was found in some subjects but not all. Conclusion: This paper provides a general tool to detect and characterize nonlinear nature and dynamics of the nervous system. The application of CSC on the experimental dataset indicates a complex nonlinear dynamics in the proprioceptive system. Significance: This novel framework 1) unveils the nonlinear neural dynamics in a more complete way than the existing coherence measures, and 2) is more suitable for estimating the input-output relation regarding both phase and amplitude compared to phase synchrony measures (which only consider phase coupling). Subharmonic coupling is reported in human proprioceptive system for the first time.
Changes in primary breast cancer heterogeneity may augment midtreatment MR imaging assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

PURPOSE To evaluate whether changes in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging heterogeneity may aid assessment for pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in primary breast cancer and to compare pCR with standard Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval, with waiver of informed consent, was obtained for this retrospective analysis of 36 consecutive female patients, with unilateral unifocal primary breast cancer larger than 2 cm in diameter who were receiving sequential anthracycline-taxane NACT between October 2008 and October 2012. T2- and T1-weighted dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging was performed before, at midtreatment (after three cycles), and after NACT. Changes in tumor entropy (irregularity) and uniformity (gray-level distribution) were determined before and after MR image filtration (for different-sized features). Entropy and uniformity for pathologic complete responders and nonresponders were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS With NACT, there was an increase in uniformity and a decrease in entropy on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced subtracted T1-weighted MR images for all filters (uniformity: 23.45% and 22.62%; entropy: -19.15% and -19.26%, respectively). There were eight complete pathologic responders. An area under the curve of 0.84 for T2-weighted MR imaging entropy and uniformity (P = .004 and .003) and 0.66 for size (P = .183) for pCR was found, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 82.1% for entropy and 87.5% and 78.6% for uniformity compared with 50% and 82.1%, respectively, for tumor size change for association with pCR. CONCLUSION Tumors become more homogeneous with treatment. An increase in T2-weighted MR imaging uniformity and a decrease in T2-weighted MR imaging entropy following NACT may provide an earlier indication of pCR than tumor size change.
Study on the Preservation with CO (PCO = 200–2,000 hPa), Resuscitation, and Heterotopic Transplantation of an Isolated Rat Heart

In this experiment, CO was used as a gas mixture in a reversible relationship with O2. CO was added in a gas form mixed with O2. An isolated donor rat heart was obtained, exposed to a gas mixture such as PO2 = 1,800 hPa and PCO = 200 hPa, and PO2 = 1,000 hPa and PCO = 1,000 hPa in a 2 ATA high-pressure chamber and preserved in a refrigerator at 4°C. This report demonstrates that significant reproducibility has been verified. The heart was removed from the refrigerator 24 h later and heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in the right neck of a recipient rat and the pulsating of the transplanted heart was detected by an electrocardiogram.
CS599: Structure and Dynamics of Networked Information (Spring 2005) 02/02/2005: α-communities

Last time, we looked at a notion of community where we required high overall edge density among groups of nodes. This made no requirement on individual nodes. In particular, the definition favors the inclusion of high-degree nodes (in WWW terms: popular sites, e.g., yahoo.com, google.com, cnn.com). One may argue that communities should consist of nodes which predominantly belong to that community, i.e., have most of their links within the community.
Perceptions of Degree Utility Among Men of Color: Comparing Interactions Across Validation, Stressful Life Events, and Race

Low persistence rates among students in postsecondary education are of significant concern to educators (Barnett, 2011). While education gaps within high school completion are closing, gaps in community colleges are widening, particularly racial gaps for enrollment and completion rates in college (Kane, 2004). This is of particular concern given that certain groups are outperforming others. For instance, women are now attending college more frequently than men (Ou & Reynolds, 2014). Moreover, men of color are falling behind and earning fewer college degrees than ever before (Perrakis, 2008). Deleterious student success outcomes (e.g., persistence, achievement, attainment, transfer) for men of color have become a topic of increasing concern among educators since men of color typically begin their academic careers at two-year institutions (College Board, 2011; Hagedorn, Chi, Cepeda, & McLain, 2007; Perez & Ceja, 2010). Some research at the two-year colleges has highlighted the important role of degree utility in the success of men of color. Specifically, Mason (1998) conducted a quantitative study to investigate persistence for urban Black men attending a community college in Illinois. Based on data from 205 men attending the community college, Mason found that degree utility was a strong positive determinant of persistence. Specifically, the greater men perceived that school JP3 d ________________________________________ Journal of Progressive Policy & Practice Volume 2 – Issue 2 Summer 2014
Lasting Leadership: A Study of High Leadership Capacity Schools

Abstract This report is about a study of high leadership capacity schools and those in the process of becoming such a school. Schools were selected for participation in the study based on the leadership capacity characteristics they possessed and evidence of improved and sustained student performance, professional cultures, and shared leadership dynamics. Analysis of the data examines the features, underlying factors, relationships, and patterns that contribute to leadership capacity for lasting school improvement. Ultimately, this is a story of educational leadership.
Delirium Associated With Lithium-Quetiapine Combination

Objectives: Acute lithium intoxication is a frequent complication of this treatment used for manic depressive disorders. Because lithium has a narrow therapeutic index and widespread use, its neuropsychiatric side effects are more prevalent than those of other psychotropic medications. There are only few reports about it within therapeutic serum levels. The question of toxic interactions resulting from combinations of lithium and neuroleptic drugs is largely based on anecdotal reports. Methods: We report here a case of a patient with schizophrenia with severe delirium developed shortly after initiation of a lithium-quetiapine combination therapy, despite therapeutic doses of both medications. Conclusions: The psychiatric symptoms disappeared when lithium was stopped. We interpret these symptoms as delirium with pseudodementia at therapeutic lithium serum levels. Our conclusion is that lithium-induced neurotoxicity should be suspected in any patient receiving lithium in combination with neuroleptics or any other clinical variable. In such cases, regardless of lithium serum levels, the clinician should consider immediate discontinuation of the medication.
The Relationship of Dispositional and Situational Fear of Crime with Television Viewing and Direct Experience with Crime

Considerable differences exist in the size and direction of the relationship between television viewing and fear of crime found by previous studies. This article argues that different types of fear exist and that fear should not be confused with perception of risk. A distinction was introduced between dispositional fear of crime and situational fear of crime. The relationship between television viewing and the two types of fear was examined and a distinction was made between direct, indirect, and mediated experience with crime. Hawkins and Pingree (1990) hypothesized that direct experience would interact negatively with television viewing, whereas cultivation's resonance hypothesis assumed a positive interaction. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 1,394 adults in Flanders, Belgium. Television viewing was positively related to dispositional fear of crime, whereas direct experience with crime was not. Direct experience predicted situational fear of crime, whereas television did not. There were no interaction effects. This study suggests that the relationship between television viewing and fear of crime depends upon the operationalization of the concept of fear of crime. More research is needed to establish which types of fear exist and how they are related to television viewing and direct experience with crime.
Frontal-subkortikale neuronale Schaltkreise

Recent findings on frontal and subcortical circuitry provide an uniform and integral view of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders. Frontal cortical areas, the basal ganglia and the thalamus are linked in parallel circuits, which can be related to specific mental and motor functions and pathologies. In particular, five such circuits can be distinguished: (1) motor, (2) oculomotor, (3) dorsolateral-pre-frontal, (4) lateral orbitofrontal, and (5) mediofrontal limbic. The anatomy of these circuits as well as the involved neurotransmitters provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the symptoms of neurological diseases such as frontal lobe infarctions, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Binswanger's disease, as well as psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenic, affective, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A bandwidth computation model for covert storage channels and its applications

A Markov model for bandwidth computation and its application to Secure Xenix are presented. The model can be used for computing the bandwidth of both individual channels and aggregated channels (i.e. serial and parallel aggregation). Using this model, a tool has been built and experiments conducted to determine the factors that affect the bandwidth of covert storage channels (noise, scheduling delays, load, etc.). The tool can be used to compute the minimum delays for each channel under various loads and program behavior. Thus, it allows the placement of dynamically adjustable delays in multiprogrammed systems, which guarantees minimum performance impact. >
Serologic celiac disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background: There is an association of celiac disease (CD) with several gastrointestinal illnesses. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CD in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to evaluate the value of the routine serological tests for CD in these patients. Materials and Methods: patients with IBD underwent screening test for CD. The screening test was based on IgA anti-tTG antibody evaluated by ELISA method and IgA EMA (endomysial antibody) measured by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Fisher exact and chi-square and t tests were used for data analysis. Results: the study was conducted on 100 patients, with a mean age of 34.74 ± 12.03 (SD) years. The mean simplified Crohn's disease activity index was 90 ± 17 (SE) and the mean colitis activity index was 3.46± 0.96 (SE). Seventeen patients (17%) had IgA anti-tTG antibody levels above the cutoff point (> 20). Thirty-two patients were positive for IgA EMA. IgA EMA was positive in nine IgA anti-tTG positive patients (three patients with Crohn's Disease and six ones with ulcerative colitis). Then, the prevalence of serologic CD was 9% that was higher than that of general population. A significant correlation was found between the results of IgA EMA and those of IgA anti-tTG (P=0.001) whereas Fisher exact test revealed significant difference between frequency distribution of positive and negative results of IgA EMA and IgA anti-tTG in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (P=0). Conclusion: the prevalence of serologic CD in general population in Iran has been reported to be 0.6–0.96%. Then, its prevalence in our sample size was about ten times more than that in general population.
A Common STEP in the Synaptic Pathology of Diverse Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Synaptic function is critical for proper cognition, and synaptopathologies have been implicated in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) is a brain-enriched tyrosine phosphatase that normally opposes synaptic strengthening by dephosphorylating key neuronal signaling molecules. STEP targets include N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the tyrosine kinase Fyn. STEP-mediated dephosphorylation promotes the internalization of NMDARs and AMPARs and the inactivation of ERK and Fyn. Regulation of STEP is complex, and recent work has implicated STEP dysregulation in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Both high levels and low levels of STEP are found in a diverse group of illnesses. This review focuses on the role of STEP in three disorders in which STEP levels are elevated: Alzheimer’s disease, fragile X syndrome, and schizophrenia. The presence of elevated STEP in all three of these disorders raises the intriguing possibility that cognitive deficits resulting from diverse etiologies may share a common molecular pathway.
Urban Spatial Change and Excess Commuting

In this paper we revisit the excess-commuting technique and its links with urban form. The uncertainty in measurement is highlighted, as are the problems relating to changes in excess commuting over time. The measure of the theoretical maximum commute is proposed and added to the traditional excess-commuting measure so that the use of both the minimum and maximum levels can capture the concept of commuting potential. This measure is what we call the ‘extended excess-commuting measure’. These concepts are tested through the use of a simulation exercise. As well as arguing for the inclusion of socioeconomic variables in analysis, we demonstrate that decentralisation in urban spatial structure can lead to either an increase or a decrease in average commuting distance. Some of the inconsistencies in the use of excess commuting can be reduced through the use of actual commutes together with the commuting range, as these factors in combination lead to a clearer understanding of commuting efficiency.