Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Higher order statistics for three-dimensional shear and flexion

We introduce a collection of statistics appropriate for the study of spinorial quantities defined in three dimensions, focusing on applications to cosmological weak gravitational lensing studies in three dimensions. In particular, we concentrate on power spectra associated with three- and four-point statistics, which have the advantage of compressing a large number of typically very noisy modes into a convenient data set. It has been shown previously by Munshi & Heavens that, for non-Gaussianity studies in the microwave background, such compression can be lossless for certain purposes, so we expect the statistics we define here to capture the bulk of the cosmological information available in these higher order statistics. We consider the effects of a sky mask and noise, and use Limber’s approximation to show how, for high-frequency angular modes, confrontation of the statistics with theory can be achieved efficiently and accurately. We focus on scalar and spinorial fields including convergence, shear and flexion of three-dimensional weak lensing, but many of the results apply for general spin fields.
Bott vanishing for algebraic surfaces

Bott proved a strong vanishing theorem for sheaf cohomology on projective space. It holds for toric varieties, but not for most other varieties. We prove Bott vanishing for the quintic del Pezzo surface, also known as the moduli space M_{0,5}^bar of 5-pointed stable curves of genus zero. This is the first non-toric Fano variety for which Bott vanishing has been shown, answering a question by Achinger, Witaszek, and Zdanowicz. In another direction, we prove Bott vanishing for many K3 surfaces, including very general K3 surfaces of degree 20 or at least 24. This builds on Beauville and Mukai's work on moduli spaces of K3 surfaces. It would be interesting to determine exactly which K3 surfaces satisfy Bott vanishing.
A SINGLE DEGENERATE PROGENITOR MODEL FOR TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE HIGHLY EXCEEDING THE CHANDRASEKHAR MASS LIMIT

Recent observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) suggest that some of the progenitor white dwarfs (WDs) had masses up to 2.4–2.8 M☉, highly exceeding the Chandrasekhar mass limit. We present a new single degenerate model for SN Ia progenitors, in which the WD mass possibly reaches 2.3–2.7 M☉. Three binary evolution processes are incorporated: optically thick winds from mass-accreting WDs, mass stripping from the binary companion star by the WD winds, and WDs being supported by differential rotation. The WD mass can increase by accretion up to 2.3 (2.7) M☉ from the initial value of 1.1 (1.2) M☉, consistent with high-luminosity SNe Ia, such as SN 2003fg, SN 2006gz, SN 2007if, and SN 2009dc. There are three characteristic mass ranges of exploding WDs. In the extreme massive case, differentially rotating WDs explode as an SN Ia soon after the WD mass exceeds 2.4 M☉ because of a secular instability at T/|W| ∼ 0.14. For the mid-mass range of MWD = 1.5–2.4 M☉, it takes some time (spinning-down time) until carbon is ignited to induce an SN Ia explosion after the WD mass has reached maximum, because it needs a loss or redistribution of angular momentum. For the lower mass case of rigidly rotating WDs, MWD = 1.38–1.5 M☉, the spinning-down time depends on the timescale of angular momentum loss from the WD. The difference in the spinning-down time may produce the “prompt” and “tardy” components. We also suggest that the very bright super-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia are born in a low-metallicity environment.
Young Pulsars and the Galactic Center GeV Gamma-ray Excess

Studies of Fermi data indicate an excess of GeV gamma rays around the Galactic center (GC), possibly due to dark matter. We show that young gamma-ray pulsars can yield a similar signal. First, a high concentration of GC supernovae naturally leads to a population of kicked pulsars symmetric about the GC. Second, while very-young pulsars with soft spectra reside near the Galactic plane, pulsars with spectra that have hardened with age accumulate at larger angles. This combination, including unresolved foreground pulsars, traces the morphology and spectrum of the Excess.
Gender Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences, Self-Control, and Delinquency

Considerable research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with the development of self-control and delinquent behaviors. Still, no studies have explicitly examined ACEs, low self-control, and delinquency to determine if they are jointly associated, including whether this relationship varies by gender. The current study examines this important gap in existing literature. Using data from the Fragile Families and Childhood Wellbeing Study (FFCW; n = 3,232), we uncover that low self-control mediates the relationship between early ACEs and delinquency and that this relationship exists for both girls and boys.
Ambidextrous human resource practices and individual creativity—A cross-layer multi-time analysis based on psychological capital and QLMX

As an important factor in enhancing individual creativity, employees’ psychological capital has been widely tested by scholars. However, the effects of ambidextrous human resource practices (AHRP) on individual creativity has not been confirmed. On the basis of the theories of social exchange and resource preservation, we explored the mechanism of AHRP’s impact on individual creativity using three-point data collected from March to September 2021 from 23 large enterprises in the service, finance, construction, and education sectors in five Chinese cities: Wuhan, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen, and Zhengzhou. A cross-layer regression and a Monte Carlo sampling analysis were performed on 135 pairs of leaders and 810 employees. In addition, we tested the cross-layer mediating effect of the psychological capital between AHRP and individual creativity and the boundary effect of the quality of leader–member exchange (QLMX) in the cross-layer effect. Research results indicate that (1) AHRP have positive effects on individual creativity across layers; (2) psychological capital mediates the cross-layer relationship between AHRP and individual creativity; (3) QLMX moderates the direct effect of AHRP on employees’ psychological capital; and (4) QLMX moderates the indirect effect of AHRP on individual creativity through psychological capital. The research conclusions lay a theoretical foundation for AHRP at the organizational level and provide a guiding reference for the enhancement of employee creativity at the individual level.
MAPPING THE PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN THE COOL CORE OF THE GALAXY CLUSTER RX J1720.1+2638

We present new deep, high-resolution radio images of the diffuse minihalo in the cool core of the galaxy cluster RX J1720.1+2638. The images have been obtained with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 317, 617, and 1280 MHz and with the Very Large Array at 1.5, 4.9, and 8.4 GHz, with angular resolutions ranging from 1″ to 10″. This represents the best radio spectral and imaging data set for any minihalo. Most of the radio flux of the minihalo arises from a bright central component with a maximum radius of ∼80 kpc. A fainter tail of emission extends out from the central component to form a spiral-shaped structure with a length of ∼230 kpc, seen at frequencies 1.5 GHz and below. We find indication of a possible steepening of the total radio spectrum of the minihalo at high frequencies. Furthermore, a spectral index image shows that the spectrum of the diffuse emission steepens with increasing distance along the tail. A striking spatial correlation is observed between the minihalo emission and two cold fronts visible in the Chandra X-ray image of this cool core. These cold fronts confine the minihalo, as also seen in numerical simulations of minihalo formation by sloshing-induced turbulence. All these observations favor the hypothesis that the radio-emitting electrons in cluster cool cores are produced by turbulent re-acceleration.
An integrable geometrical foundation of gravity

In a talk at the conference Geometrical Foundations of Gravity at Tartu[Formula: see text] 2017, it was suggested that the affine spacetime connection could be associated with purely fictitious forces. This leads to gravitation in a flat and smooth geometry. Fermions are found to nevertheless couple with the metrical connection and a phase gauge field. The theory is reviewed in this proceeding in a Palatini, and in a metric-affine gauge formulation.
Optimization of Structure and Control Technology of Tunnel Magnetoresistive Accelerometer

In this work, an optimized tunnel magnetoresistive (TMR) accelerometer with a closed-loop control system was developed and evaluated. The device first introduces a silicon spring–mass sensing structure lower than 50 Hz into TMR-based accelerometry for enhancing the mechanical sensitivity and subsequent readout sensitivity. Simultaneously, in order to realize the in-plane electrostatic feedback control, the comb structure is designed along with the sensing mechanism, owning combined benefits of integrated processing and large feedback force. The whole sensing structure is a silicon-glass chip, fabricated by the standard micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) process—deep dry silicon on glass (DDSOG) process. A permanent rubber magnet is assembled on the proof mass for conversion from the displacement to variation of the magnetic field intensity, which is further detected by a pair of symmetrically arranged TMR sensors. The voltage signals output from TMR sensors are then sent into an analog circuit via an interface module for force-feedback control. The simulation analysis indicates that the proposed MEMS sensing structure has a low natural frequency of 44.55 Hz, corresponding to a compliant mechanical sensitivity of 125.5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/g. Meanwhile, a maximum magnetic sensitivity of about 0.1 mT/mm is available in a height of 6 mm above the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times 3\times0.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm magnet. Finally, the experiments on the assembled prototype demonstrated that a scale factor of 1.79 V/g and a bias stability of 228 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{g}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> have been achieved in the closed-loop modality, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed TMR MEMS accelerometer.
PkANN - I. Non-linear matter power spectrum interpolation through artificial neural networks

We investigate the interpolation of power spectra of matter fluctuations using artificial neural networks (PkANN). We present a new approach to confront small-scale non-linearities in the power spectrum of matter fluctuations. This ever-present and pernicious uncertainty is often the Achilles heel in cosmological studies and must be reduced if we are to see the advent of precision cosmology in the late-time Universe. We show that an optimally trained artificial neural network (ANN), when presented with a set of cosmological parameters ( and redshift z), can provide a worst-case error ≤1 per cent (for z≤ 2) fit to the non-linear matter power spectrum deduced through N-body simulations, for modes up to k≤ 0.7 h Mpc−1. Our power spectrum interpolator is accurate over the entire parameter space. This is a significant improvement over some of the current matter power spectrum calculators. In this paper, we detail how an accurate interpolation of the matter power spectrum is achievable with only a sparsely sampled grid of cosmological parameters. Unlike large-scale N-body simulations which are computationally expensive and/or infeasible, a well-trained ANN can be an extremely quick and reliable tool in interpreting cosmological observations and parameter estimation. This paper is the first in a series. In this method paper, we generate the non-linear matter power spectra using halofit and use them as mock observations to train the ANN. This work sets the foundation for Paper II, where a suite of N-body simulations will be used to compute the non-linear matter power spectra at sub-per cent accuracy, in the quasi-non-linear regime (0.1 ≤k≤ 0.9 h Mpc−1). A trained ANN based on this N-body suite will be released for the scientific community.
Extended Main Sequence Turn-Offs in Low Mass Intermediate Age Clusters

We present an imaging analysis of four low mass stellar clusters ( 5 times less massive than the eMSTO clusters previously studied - suggests that mass is not the controlling factor in whether clusters host eMSTOs. Additionally, the narrow extent of the eMSTO in the two older (~ 2 Gyr) clusters is in agreement with predictions of the stellar rotation scenario, as lower mass stars are expected to be magnetically braked, meaning that their CMDs should be better reproduced by canonical simple stellar populations. We also performed a structural analysis on all the clusters and found that a large core radius is not a requisite for a cluster to exhibit an eMSTO.
Low‐Loss Graded Dielectrics via Active Mixing of Nanocomposite Inks during 3D Printing

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating graded refractive index structures that control the electromagnetic response of radio frequency (RF) devices. However, current 3D printing methods cannot produce continuous gradients from multiple materials. Here, low‐loss graded dielectrics via active mixing of nanocomposite inks composed of block copolymers and oxide nanoparticles are designed and printed. By simultaneously tailoring their rheological, printing, and their local filler particle‐to‐polymer ratio using an active mixing printhead, a conductive microstrip‐graded substrate matching network with a gradually changing dielectric response, is created. In these printed devices, the impedance of the RF signal is controlled by the graded substrate rather than by varying the conductive microstrip geometry, enabling the fabrication of smaller RF devices. This approach enables the rapid design and fabrication of high‐performance RF devices with locally tunable dielectric properties.
Precise Recovery of Corrupted Synchrophasors Based on Autoregressive Bayesian Low-Rank Factorization and Adaptive K-Medoids Clustering

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) data quality problems, such as data loss and modification caused by communication contingencies and cyber attacks, threaten the reliability and stability of modern power systems. In this paper, autoregressive Bayesian low-rank matrix/Hankel tensor factorization (BLMF/BLTF) algorithms are proposed to recover corrupted synchrophasor measurements by leveraging the latent electrical-temporal correlations between data points. To mitigate the impact of consecutive data anomalies on recovery, adaptive k-Medoids clustering based on dynamic time wrapping (DTW) distance and Canopy clustering is introduced to preprocess raw data. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in recovering missing or modified synchrophasor measurements is demonstrated through comprehensive case studies. Compared with previous works, the proposed algorithms rely on simpler prior hypotheses and can achieve higher recovery precision. Rank reduction and low-cost rolling prediction techniques make the proposed algorithms suitable not only for processing offline data blocks but also for online real-time recovery of PMU data streams.
Overexpression of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2C Is Associated with Worsened Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

To evaluate the role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2C (UBE2C) in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and prognosis, the TCGA and our PCa tissue microarray cohort were included in the study. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and non-negative matrix factorization were used to cluster patients and to screen genes that play a vital role in PCa progression (hub gene). Immunohistochemistry staining was used to evaluate the protein level of UBE2C in prostatic tissues. Through WGCNA, we found a gene co-expression module (named the purple module) that is strongly associated with the Gleason score, pathologic T stage, and biochemical recurrent status. Genes in the purple module are enriched in cell cycle and P53 signaling and help us to cluster patients into two groups with distinctive biochemical recurrent survival rates and TP53 mutation statuses. Further analysis showed UBE2C served as a hub gene in the purple module. The expression of UBE2C in PCa was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues and was remarkably associated with pathologic grade, Gleason score, and prognosis in PCa patients. To conclude, UBE2C is a PCa-progress-related gene and a biomarker for PCa patients. Therapy targeting UBE2C may serve as a promising treatment of PCa in the future.
Early Science with the Large Millimeter Telescope: CO and [C ii] Emission in the z = 4.3 AzTEC J095942.9+022938 (COSMOS AzTEC-1)

Measuring redshifted CO line emission is an unambiguous method for obtaining an accurate redshift and total cold gas content of optically faint, dusty starburst systems. Here, we report the first successful spectroscopic redshift determination of AzTEC J095942.9+022938 ("COSMOS AzTEC-1"), the brightest 1.1mm continuum source found in the AzTEC/JCMT survey (Scott et al. 2008), through a clear detection of the redshifted CO (4-3) and CO (5-4) lines using the Redshift Search Receiver on the Large Millimeter Telescope. The CO redshift of $z=4.3420\pm0.0004$ is confirmed by the detection of the redshifted 158 micron [C II] line using the Submillimeter Array. The new redshift and Herschel photometry yield $L_{FIR}=(1.1\pm0.1)\times 10^{13} L_\odot$ and $SFR = 1300\, M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. Its molecular gas mass derived using the ULIRG conversion factor is $1.4\pm0.2 \times 10^{11} M_\odot$ while the total ISM mass derived from the 1.1mm dust continuum is $3.7\pm0.7 \times 10^{11} M_\odot$ assuming dust temperature of 35 K. Our dynamical mass analysis suggests that the compact gas disk ($r\approx 1.1$ kpc, inferred from dust continuum and SED analysis) has to be nearly face-on, providing a natural explanation for the uncommonly bright, compact stellar light seen by the HST. The [C II] line luminosity $L_{[C~II]} = 7.8\pm1.1 \times 10^9 L_\odot$ is remarkably high, but it is only 0.04 per cent of the total IR luminosity. AzTEC COSMOS-1 and other high redshift sources with a spatially resolved size extend the tight trend seen between [C II]/FIR ratio and $\Sigma_{FIR}$ among IR-bright galaxies reported by Diaz-Santos et al. (2013) by more than an order of magnitude, supporting the explanation that the higher intensity of the IR radiation field is responsible for the "[C II] deficiency" seen among luminous starburst galaxies.
Regional Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Network Design Using Common Public Data

Electric vehicles rely on public fast charging when traveling outside a single charge range. Networks of fast charging hubs are a preferred solution, but should be deployed according to a design that avoids both redundant infrastructure representing overinvestment, and “charging deserts” which limit travel by EVs and thus inhibit EV adoption. We present a two-stage design strategy for a network of charging hubs relying on common public data including maps of roadways and electrical systems, and ubiquitous and readily accessible daily traffic volume data. First, the network design is based on the electrical distribution system, roadways, and a target inter-hub driving distance. Second, the number of fast chargers necessary at each hub to support expected vehicle kilometers is determined such that queuing to charge is infrequent. A case study to prepare Nova Scotia, Canada for the 2030 electric fleet of 15% of vehicles results in a network design with an average hub catchment area of 1230 km2 and 354 electric vehicles per fast charger, and ensures that they are equitably distributed and can enable travel by EV throughout the jurisdiction.
Magnetism in f -electron superlattices

We analyze antiferromagnetism in $f$ electron superlattices. We show that the competition between the Kondo effect and the RKKY interaction in $f$ electron materials is modified by the superlattice structure. Thus, the quantum critical point which separates the magnetic phase and the Fermi liquid phase depends on the structure of the $f$ electron superlattice. The competition between the Kondo effect and the RKKY interaction is also reflected in the magnetic interlayer coupling between different $f$ electron layers. We demonstrate that in the case of weak Kondo effect the magnetic interlayer coupling behaves similar to other magnetic heterostructures without Kondo effect. However, close to the quantum phase transition, the dependence of the interlayer coupling on the distance between the $f$ electron layers is modified by the Kondo effect. Another remarkable effect, which is characteristic for $f$ electron superlattice, is that the magnetic interlayer coupling does vanish stepwise depending on the distance between different $f$ electron layers. As a consequence, the quantum critical point depends also stepwise on this distance.
Design and research of weak optical signal detection system

In the field of signal detection, the effective acquisition of weak optical signals has always been the focus and difficulty of research, and the importance of photoelectric detection technology in the scientific and technological development and strategic development of various countries has become increasingly prominent. Aiming at the oil spectrometer using photomultiplier tube as optical detector at present, this paper starts with the design scheme of weak optical signal detection circuit, discusses the basic working principle of photoelectric detection circuit, designs the amplification circuit and active filter circuit using AD8628 as preamplifier, and uses programmable instrumentation amplifier for secondary amplification. ALTERA's EP4CE15F23C8N chip is used as the system processor. The data is processed by FIR filtering algorithm on the processor, and finally transmitted to the host computer for display. The hardware circuit of the system has compact structure, high data acquisition resolution and good real-time transmission, and can carry out multi-channel synchronous acquisition. Experiments show that the detection circuit based on this design can effectively measure weak optical signals, and is suitable for the detection of general optical signals and weak optical signals.
Diodes with breakdown voltages enhanced by the metal-insulator transition of LaAlO3–SrTiO3 interfaces

Using the metal-insulator transition that takes place as a function of carrier density at the LaAlO3–SrTiO3 interface, oxide diodes have been fabricated with room-temperature breakdown voltages of up to 200 V. With applied voltage, the capacitance of the diodes changes by a factor of 150. The diodes are robust and operate at temperatures up to 270 C.
HEREDITARY EFFECTS OF EXPONENTIALLY DAMPED OSCILLATORS WITH PAST HISTORIES

Hereditary effects of exponentially damped oscillators with past histories are considered in this paper. Nonviscously damped oscillators involve hereditary damping forces which depend on time-histories of vibrating motions via convolution integrals over exponentially decaying functions. As a result, this kind of oscillators are said to have memory. In this work, initialization for nonviscously damped oscillators is firstly proposed. Unlike the classical viscously damped ones, information of the past history of response velocity is necessary to fully determine the dynamic behaviors of nonviscously damped oscillators. Then, initialization response of exponentially damped oscillators is obtained to characterize the hereditary effects on the dynamic response. At last, stability of initialization response is proved and the hereditary effects are shown to gradually recede with increasing of time.