Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Balanced Light-Assisted Hybrid Spin Exchange Optical Pumping in SERF Comagnetometers

Ultrasensitive spin exchange relaxation-free (SERF) comagnetometers have been widely applied in various new physics experiments and show great potential for inertial navigation. However, the spatially nonuniform spin polarization of alkali metal (AM) and noble gas (NG) atoms results in an effective magnetic field gradient on the order of 100 nT/cm which is much larger than that is produced by the coils and remanence on the magnitude of 1 nT/cm, thereby reducing the suppression ability of the magnetic noise and limiting the scale factor and noise floor of the comagnetometers. In this study, we establish a model of the effective magnetic field gradient caused by uneven spin polarization and analyze the influencing factors. Our results indicate that optimizing the density ratio of hybrid AM atoms can suppress the effective magnetic field gradient. Nevertheless, the available pump light power imposes a limitation on the density ratio. To further address this issue, we propose a balanced light-assisted hybrid spin exchange optical pumping (HSEOP) method. Our experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the mentioned approach, with 67% suppression of the nuclear transverse relaxation rate and a nearly threefold increase in the scale factor. Furthermore, the optimal density ratio in experimental applications can be reduced from 200 to below 80, thereby overcoming the limitation of laser power in SERF comagnetometers and providing the possibility for wider applications. Finally, the suppression factor of magnetic noise is enhanced by 89% by optimizing the density ratio and the balanced light-assisted HSEOP method. This research sheds light on the fundamental physics experiments and potential for inertial navigation.
AN E-PORTFOLIO: A PROMISING TOOL FOR PROMOTING LEARNERS’ AUTONOMOUS LEARNING COMPETENCIES IN AN EFL SPEAKING COURSE

This study aims to explore autonomous learning competencies perceived by twenty EFL learners who took part in an English speaking course in which an e-portfolio was utilized as a learning tool in a Ho Chi Minh City-based language center. The exploratory sequential mixed-methods research employed semi-structured interviews and a closed-ended questionnaire for data collection, i.e., the qualitative data from the semi-structured interviews were initially gathered, and the quantitative data were then collected to confirm the qualitative results. The findings indicated the participants’ positive perceptions of autonomy-related competencies in an e-portfolio-based speaking course, consisting of accountability closely related to sense of responsibility, self-regulation referring to an ability to monitor their learning process, and self-assessment involving the process of discovering their identity and reflecting on their academic performance. The paper also highlights some pedagogical implications in a bid to enhance the effectiveness of English language teaching and learning in terms of the e-portfolio application.
THE MICROCLIMATEIN THE CENTRE OFSMALLSQUARE SHELTERED PLOTS

Argete, J . C. and Wilson, J.D. , 1989. The microclimate in the centre of small square sheltered plots. Agric. For. Meteorol. , 48: 185-199. The difference in microclimate between the centre of a small square sheltered field and the undisturbed flow was examined experimentally as a function of atmospheric stability for two plot sizes D/H= 8, 16 (where D is the plot side length and H is the windbreak height) and two values of the height to roughness length ratio H/zo = 25,200. Following McNaughton (1988), we isolated the short-term aerodynamically induced microclimate change by measuring the short-term changes in the mean equivalent temperature Tcq (a measure of the total heat content of the air). In the small plot, Teq exceeded the undisturbed value by as much as ~ 5 T e*q (where T*q is the equivalent temperature scaling parameter, determined essentially by the net radiation and friction velocity) during the day, with a converse effect of comparable magnitude occurring at night (i.e., reduction of the equivalent temperature in the small plot at night by an amount of order 5 Te*q ). In contrast, the effect in the centre of the large plot was opposite in sign (by day and by night) to the changes observed in the small plot and smaller in magnitude. Hence, it is concluded that one may obtain a microclimatic benefit (increased temperature over most of the plot area) only by using a small plot size (D/H<, 10).
Factors associated with weight loss and health gains in a structured lifestyle modification programme for adults with severe obesity: a prospective cohort study

Background Individual responses to behavioural weight loss interventions can vary significantly, and a better understanding of the factors associated with successful treatment might help to target interventions for those who will benefit the most. We sought to identify demographic and clinical characteristics that predicted intervention “success” (defined as ≥5% weight loss) and other health gains in patients with severe obesity attending a ten-week structured lifestyle modification programme. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of all 1122 patients (751 (66.9%) female, mean age 47.3 ± 11.9 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 46.7 ± 7.8 kgm-2) referred from our hospital-based obesity clinic, who started the structured lifestyle programme between 2012-2019. We compared routine clinical measures such as weight, fitness, blood pressure, lipids and HbA1c at baseline and follow-up. We also used validated questionnaires to quantify anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life. Results Of 1122 patients who started, 877 (78.2%) completed the programme and attended for follow up. Of these, 12.8% lost ≥5% body weight. The amount of weight lost was a strong and consistent predictor of improvements in metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental health, even after adjusting for age, sex, programme attendance and baseline fitness. Older age, male sex, being physically active and having lower anxiety and depression scores at baseline predicted greater weight loss. Younger age, depression and longer wait time to start the intervention were associated with drop-out. Conclusions In adults with severe obesity completing a structured lifestyle modification programme, older age and good mental health were associated with programme completion and attaining ≥5% weight loss. The magnitude of weight lost was a strong predictor of improvements in cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health associated with programme completion.
Comparison of deep learning-based models for forecasting precipitation using era-5 and radar images

Remarkably fast enhancement of machine learning for estimating spatiotemporal dataset suggest new ways to remote sensing and atmospheric fields in using data-driven modeling. Especially, many kinds of optimizable model structure for spatio-temporal database such as LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) or token-mixing based methodology have been suggested and replaced ‘state of the art’ models in representing numerical phenomenon over the earth. In addition to this, vast amount of observation database has been reanalyzed and assimilated as large amount of atmospheric variables such as EAR5 or MERRA-2 which can cover densely along spatial and temporal aspect. In this research, we compare LSTM based model (PredRNN) with token-mixing based model(AFNO) in forecasting precipitation as quantitative guideline for application of newly suggested machine learning model. 8 different atmospheric variables (wind components, temperature, relative humidity, water vapor and geopotential, total precipitation) over 4 pressure level (500, 750, 850, 1000) from ERA5 and RAR(Radar-AWS Rainrates) database from KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) is adopted as input and output data to train and evaluate models.
Impact study on MuSES-generated EO/IR synthetic imagery for machine learning algorithm development

The capabilities of machine learning algorithms for observing image-based scenes and recognizing embedded targets have been demonstrated by data scientists and computer vision engineers. Performant algorithms must be well-trained to complete such a complex task automatically, and this requires a large set of training data on which to base statistical predictions. For electro-optical infrared (EO/IR) remote sensing applications, a substantial image database with suitable variation is necessary. Numerous times of day, sensor perspectives, scene backgrounds, weather conditions and target mission profiles could be included in the training image set to ensure sufficient variety. Acquiring such a diverse image set from measured sources can be a challenge; generating synthetic imagery with appropriate features is possible but must be done with care if robust training is to be accomplished. In this work, MuSES™ and CoTherm™ are used to generate synthetic EO/IR remote sensing imagery of various high-value targets with a range of environmental factors. The impact of simulation choices on image generation and algorithm performance is studied with standard computer vision deep learning convolutional neural networks and a measured imagery benchmark. Differences discovered in the usage and efficacy of synthetic and measured imagery are reported.
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND REPRODUCTION OF BIG EYE TUNA (Thunnus obesus) IN INDIAN OCEAN AT WESTERN PART OF SUMATRA AND SOUTHERN PART OF JAVA AND NUSA TENGGARA

This research was conducted to identify population structure and reproduction aspect of big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in west off Sumatra and south off Java and Nusa Tenggara of Indian Ocean. The sample of fish was collected from catch landed by fishermen. The fish was caught from the Indian Ocean during 2010. Analysis of population structure was done by using of histology technique of fish genetic and reproduction. Result showed that population structure of the big eye tuna in Indian Ocean consisted of two different sub populations namely sub population in west off Sumatra and another one is sub population in south of Java and Nusa Tenggara waters. The most of bigeye tuna catch (about 39%) was categorized as immature fish with Gonad Somatic Index stage I. The immature fish was mostly found in west off Sumatra waters. While the catch in south off Java and Nusa Tenggara waters was mostly categorized as mature fish. It was indicated that south off Java and Nusa Tenggara waters was as spawning ground of the big eye tuna.
U-Pb zircon age of Cape Granite Suite ignimbrites: characteristics of the last phases of the Saldanian magmatism.

The end of the Saldanian magmatic event is marked by a short period of peraluminous silicic magmatism, evident as a series of ignimbrite flows, quartz porphyry and tuffisite intrusions. There is a close relationship between high-level granitic intrusions present as granite porphyries in the Langebaan area and the volcanic event. The subvolcanic-volcanic rocks under discussion ended the fourth and final phase of the Cape Granite Suite magmatism, thus starting and ending with a peraluminous phase. U-Pb ID-TIMS zircon age determinations on the second of three mappable ignimbrite flows yielded an age of 515.5 ± 3.1Ma. Two single zircon grains with 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages of ~1875Ma and ~1575 Ma respectively are interpreted to represent xenocrysts extracted from older crust or from sedimentary contaminants.
Timing, distribution, amount, and style of Cenozoic extension in the northern Great Basin

This fi eld trip examines contrasting lines of evidence bearing on the timing and structural style of Cenozoic (and perhaps late Mesozoic) extensional deformation in northeastern Nevada. Studies of metamorphic core complexes in this region report extension beginning in the early Cenozoic or even Late Cretaceous, peaking in the Eocene and Oligocene, and being largely over before the onset of “modern” Basin and Range extension in the middle Miocene. In contrast, studies based on lowtemperature thermochronology and geologic mapping of Eocene and Miocene volcanic and sedimentary deposits report only minor, localized extension in the Eocene, no extension at all in the Oligocene and early Miocene, and major, regional extension in the middle Miocene. A wealth of thermochronologic and thermobarometric data indicate that the Ruby Mountains–East Humboldt Range metamorphic core complex (RMEH) underwent ~170 °C of cooling and 4 kbar of decompression between ca. 85 and ca. 50 Ma, and another 450 °C cooling and 4–5 kbar decompression between ca. 50 and ca. 21 Ma. These data require ~30 km of exhumation in at least two episodes, accommodated at least in part by Eocene to early Miocene displacement on the major west-dipping mylonitic zone and detachment fault bounding the RMEH on the west (the mylonitic zone may also have been active during an earlier phase of crustal extension). Meanwhile, Eocene paleovalleys containing 45–40 Ma ash-fl ow tuffs drained eastward from *chenry@unr.edu; allen.mcgrew@notes.udayton. edu; jcolgan@usgs.gov; snoke@uwyo.edu; brueseke@ksu.edu. Henry, C.D. , McGrew, A.J., Colgan, J.P., Snoke, A.W. , and Brueseke, M.E. , 2011, Timing, distribution, amount, and style of Cenozoic extension in the northern Great Basin, in Lee, J., and Evans, J.P., eds., Geologic Field Trips to the Basin and Range, Rocky Mountains, Snake River Plain, and Terranes of the U.S. Cordillera: Geological Society of America Field Guide 21, p. 27–66, doi: 10.1130/2011.0021(02). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2011 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Ginsenoside Rb1 enhanced immunity and altered the gut microflora in mice immunized by H1N1 influenza vaccine

Background Influenza is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus that seriously damages human health, and the essential way to prevent influenza is the influenza vaccine. Vaccines without adjuvants produce insufficient specific antibodies and therefore require adjuvants to boost antibody titers. Microbes and hosts are a community that needs to “promote bacteria,” which could provide new value for the immune effect. Methods (1) The H1N1 influenza vaccine, in combination with Ginsenoside Rb1, was co-injected into mice intraperitoneally (I.P.). Then, immunoglobulin G and antibody subtype levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, mice were infected with a lethal dose of the H1N1 influenza virus (A/Michigan/45/2015), and survival status was recorded for 14 days. Lung tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and ELISA detected inflammatory factor expression levels. (2) Mice were immunized with Ginsenoside Rb1 combined with quadrivalent influenza inactivated vaccine(IIV4), and then IgG levels were measured by ELISA. (3) Fresh stool was collected for fecal 16S rDNA analysis. Results Ginsenoside Rb1 boosted IgG and antibody subtypes in the H1N1 influenza vaccine, improved survival of mice after virus challenge, attenuated lung histopathological damage, and reduced inflammatory cytokines expression in IL-6 and TNF-α. The results of 16S rDNA showed that Rb1 decreased species diversity but increased species richness compared to the PBS group and increased the abundance of Akkermansiaceae and Murbaculaceae at the Family and Genus levels compared with the HA+Alum group. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1 has a boosting effect on the immune efficacy of the H1N1 influenza vaccine and is promising as a novel adjuvant to regulate the microecological balance and achieve an anti-infective effect.
Targeting KRAS in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Long Road to Cure

Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest malignancies in humans. Despite advances in systemic therapy, prognosis still remains poor. However, recent discoveries in the main biological event in pancreatic carcinogenesis, the KRAS mutation, have broadened our understanding of pancreatic cancer and opened a window of opportunity. Indeed, inhibitors of KRAS signaling are believed to represent a major step toward more active treatments against this disease. In this review, we describe the latest findings regarding KRAS in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, along with updated preclinical and clinical data on KRAS-targeted therapy. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an important cause of cancer-related mortality, and it is expected to play an even bigger part in cancer burden in the years to come. Despite concerted efforts from scientists and physicians, patients have experienced little improvement in survival over the past decades, possibly because of the non-specific nature of the tested treatment modalities. Recently, the discovery of potentially targetable molecular alterations has paved the way for the personalized treatment of PDAC. Indeed, the central piece in the molecular framework of PDAC is starting to be unveiled. KRAS mutations are seen in 90% of PDACs, and multiple studies have demonstrated their pivotal role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Recent investigations have shed light on the differences in prognosis as well as therapeutic implications of the different KRAS mutations and disentangled the relationship between KRAS and effectors of downstream and parallel signaling pathways. Additionally, the recognition of other mechanisms involving KRAS-mediated pathogenesis, such as KRAS dosing and allelic imbalance, has contributed to broadening the current knowledge regarding this molecular alteration. Finally, KRAS G12C inhibitors have been recently tested in patients with pancreatic cancer with relative success, and inhibitors of KRAS harboring other mutations are under clinical development. These drugs currently represent a true hope for a meaningful leap forward in this dreadful disease.
Histone Methyltransferases G9a/Ehmt2 and GLP/Ehmt1 Are Associated with Cell Viability and Poorer Prognosis in Neuroblastoma and Ewing Sarcoma

Changes in epigenetic programming have been proposed as being key events in the initiation and progression of childhood cancers. HMT euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (G9a, EHMT2), which is encoded by the G9a (Ehmt2) gene, as well as its related protein GLP, which is encoded by the GLP/Ehmt1 gene, participate in epigenetic regulation by contributing to a transcriptionally repressed chromatin state. G9a/GLP activation has been reported in several cancer types. Herein, we evaluated the role of G9a in two solid pediatric tumors: neuroblastoma (NB) and Ewing sarcoma (ES). Our results show that G9a/Ehmt2 and GLP/Ehmt1 expression is higher in tumors with poorer prognosis, including St4 International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage, MYCN amplified NB, and metastatic ES. Importantly, higher G9a and GLP levels were associated with shorter patient overall survival (OS) in both NB and ES. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of G9a/GLP reduced cell viability in NB and ES cells. These findings suggest that G9a and GLP are associated with more aggressive NB and ES tumors and should be further investigated as being epigenetic targets in pediatric solid cancers.
Sex as a Predictor of Response to Immunotherapy in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Simple Summary Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) are the second most common skin cancer amongst Caucasians, accounting for up to 20–25% of skin cancers. Whilst a majority of CSCCs can be cured with surgery alone, approximately 3–5% of patients develop advanced CSCC, which encompass locally advanced tumours or tumours with distant metastatic spread. As CSCCs are highly immunogenic, there is a strong rationale for treatment with immunotherapy. Several phase II clinical trials have demonstrated the benefit of immunotherapy in patients with advanced CSCC. However, only half of patients with advanced CSCC respond to immunotherapy, and thus there is a need to identify predictors of response. In this study, we demonstrated inferior clinical outcomes in female patients with advanced CSCC treated with immunotherapy compared to their male counterparts. This clinical finding is supported with translational assays on pre-treatment biopsies, demonstrating the presence of fewer anti-tumour immune cells in the tumours of female patients. Abstract Approximately 3–5% of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) develop advanced disease, accounting for roughly 1% of all cancer deaths in Australia. Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant clinical benefit in advanced CSCC in several key phase II studies; however, there are limited data for patients treated outside of clinical trials. This is particularly relevant in advanced CSCC, which is most often seen in elderly patients with significant comorbidities. Thus, we aim to describe our experience with immunotherapy in a cohort of patients with advanced CSCC in Australia. We retrospectively reviewed all advanced CSCC patients treated with immunotherapy within the Illawarra and Shoalhaven Local Health District. Among the 51 patients treated with immunotherapy, there was an objective response rate (ORR) of 53% and disease control rate (DCR) of 67%. Our most significant predictor of response was sex, with male patients more likely to have better responses compared to female patients (DCR 85% vs. 41%, p < 0.0001), as well as improved progression-free survival (HR 4.6, 95%CI 1.9–10.8, p = 0.0007) and overall survival (HR 3.0, 95%CI 1.3–7.1, p = 0.006). Differential expression analysis of 770 immune-related genes demonstrated an impaired CD8 T-cell response in female patients. Our observed ORR of 53% is similar to that described in current literature with durable responses seen in the majority of patients.
Does A Child Quantity-Quality Trade-Off Exist? Evidence from the One-Child Policy in China

Evidence on the existence of a trade-off between child quantity and child quality, as suggested by Gary S. Becker, is still inconclusive. This also holds true for empirical studies on China that exploit for identification the country s One-Child Policy (OCP) as an exogenous source of variation in the number of offspring. However, this body of literature suffers from a number of shortcomings, in particular measurement error in the key policy variable (a household s coverage by OCP) and in the outcome variable of interest (schooling choices, i.e. child quality). Using census data for China and a continuous OCP variable that can address these shortcomings, the results provide evidence for the existence of a sizeable quantity-quality trade-off within households with mothers who are Han and have agricultural Hukou.