Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Atta Capiguara Ant Nests from aerial images using Random Forest Classifiers

In the last 40 years, Brazilian agricultural production and productivity have had significant increases. Agribusiness has been strongly recognised in the growth of the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product, which has resulted in investments and technological advances in the agricultural sector. With these technological advances came precision agriculture. As part of the advances in precision agriculture, Unmanned Aircraft are gaining more and more space, given their flexibility of use and diversity of applications. At the same time, the use of computer vision and machine learning brings analysis technologies that further optimise processes, such as pasture mapping and pest detection. And when it comes to crop pests, leaf-cutter ants come to mind. The direct and indirect damage that leaf-cutting ants can cause amounts to billions of dollars worldwide. The leaf-cutting ant, known as Sauva, is one of the insects that causes most damage to pastures in southeastern Brazil, even competing with cattle for grass. Pest control is of paramount importance for the growth of agricultural production, therefore, this article presents the proposal for the development of an algorithm capable of detecting anthills. Based on recent technological advances and cost reduction, the proposed detection was performed using an unmanned aerial vehicle with an integrated conventional RGB camera and an algorithm, based on computer vision and machine learning. The proposed classification algorithm was Random Forest and it presented an accuracy of approximately 70%. The application of computer vision and quadrotors in the detection of ant nests represented a good opportunity to boost precision agriculture and pest control in the field.
Assessment of Pollution of Heavy Metals on Paddy Field with SewageIrrigation in Guixi City,Jiangxi Province

A survey on the contents of heavy metals of soil and and paddy tissue of paddy field with sewage irrigation was conducted in Guixi city to have detected that soil in this area had been polluted heavily . Especially,the contents of both Cu and Cd Overtook the standard,and Cu pollution is the main reason causing reduetion of rice output,Cd pollution made the quality of the rice decline rapidly.
Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Osmium (IV) Using 2-(5-Bromo-2-Oxoindolin-3-Ylidene) Hydrazine Carbothioamide as an Analytical Reagent

Accepted on 16 April 2016 _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Os(IV) by using 2-( 5-Bromo -2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)Hydrazine Carbothioamide [ HBITSC] as an analytical reagent HBITSC has been synthesized and characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. HBITSC extracts Os (IV) quantitatively (99.73%) into n-amyl alcohol from an aqueous solution of pH range 4.0-5.7 and in the presence of 3cm of phthalate buffer solution of pH 4.5, 3cm of 1M LiCl. The namyl alcohol extract shows an intense peak at 565nm (λ max). Beer’s law is obeyed over the Os(IV) concentration range of 1.0-8.0 μg/cm The Sandell’s sensitivity and molar absorptivity for Os-HBITSC system is 19.0 ngcm and 10,000 L molecm respectively. The composition of extracted species is found to be 1:2 [Os: HBITSC] by Job’s Continuous Variation and Mole Ratio Method. Interference by various ions has been studied. The proposed method is rapid, sensitive and reproducible, has been successfully applied for determination of Os (IV) in synthetic samples.
Demarcation of Sedimentary Cycle Based on Wavelet Transform of Logging Data

Logging data including a great amount of geological information became the main sources applied to study the demarcation of sedimentary cycle.The data of SP well logging curve from a well in Dongying sag are processed through Morlet wavelet transfer whose scale corresponds to the period of the sedimentary cycle for case study.The result shows that the boundaries of sedimentary cycle in different scales can be detected through expanding one dimensional logging data into that of two dimensional depth-scale space,and are in agreement with that obtained through the traditional method.In geology it means that the logging curve added by sedimentary cycles in different scales can be decomposed into cycles in single scale independent of each other by time and frequency transfer,and the scale coefficient corresponds to the period of sedimentary cycle.All these researches provide a new clew for the quantitative classification of the cycle.
RECOVERY OF RECLAIMED SOIL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN RELATION TO PLANT COMMUNITY COMPOSITION 1

Recovery of belowground properties, such as soil aggregation and microbial community composition, in relation to aboveground plant community characteristics is important for determination of reclamation success. The objectives of our research were: (1) to track ecosystem recovery based on soil aggregation and microbial biomass in different reclaimed soils (sandy loam and clay loam) and under different plant communities (shrub and cool season grass) through time and (2) to find relationships among aboveground plant composition, soil aggregate size distribution and microbial biomass. We hypothesized that the belowground properties of soil aggregation and microbial communities will recover simultaneously through time and will be highly related to the aboveground plant community composition. Aggregate size distribution did not show any patterns in the sandy loam soils underlying shrub communities; however did show progress towards a native condition in the clay loam soils underlying the cool season grass communities. Soil microorganisms showed recovery after 5 years (29.6 x 10 3 area) in soil underlying shrub communities and after 14 years (22.0 x 10 3 area) in soils underlying cool season grass communities. Macroaggregates were related to bacteria (r = 0.40) and fungal (r = -0.31) biomass under cool season grasses. Microaggregates were correlated with bacteria biomass under both shrub (r = -0.26) and cool season grass (r = -0.40) communities and also to living fungal biomass (r = -0.39) in the shrub soils. Microaggregation, fungal and actinomycete biomass were correlated in native cool season grasses (r = -0.25, 0.66 and -0.47, respectively) and annual forbs (r = 0.52, -0.75 and 0.49, respectively) in shrub community soils. Macroaggregates, microaggregates and bacteria were related to native cool season grasses (r = -0.61, 0.56 and -0.39, respectively), annual grasses (r = 0.69, 0.71 and 0.37, respectively) and annual forbs (r = 0.69, -0.40 and 0.41, respectively). The ability to track aggregate and microbial changes through time as well as find relationships amongst ecosystem variables leads to better reclamation techniques and success.
A Pretrained Language Model for Cyber Threat Intelligence

We present a new BERT model for the cyberse-curity domain, CTI-BERT , which can improve the accuracy of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) extraction, enabling organizations to better defend against potential cyber threats. We provide detailed information about the domain corpus collection, the training methodology and its effectiveness for a variety of NLP tasks for the cybersecurity domain. The experiments show that CTI-BERT significantly outperforms several general-domain and security-domain models for these cybersecurity applications, indicating that the training data and methodology have a significant impact on the model performance.
Performance Evaluation and Correlation Trend Analysis of Urban-Rural Integrated Development in China

Using the statistical data of urban and rural in 2000-2009,this paper constructed an evaluation index system from aspects of population,economy,society,life and resource,then applied methods of entropy method,comprehensive evaluation,correlation analysis,and correlation calculation to quantitatively analyze the performance and correlation trend of urban-rural integrated development in China.The result showed that the overall performance of China's urban-rural integrated development is obvious,and has the trend of becoming larger.In aspects of individual performance of urban-rural integrated development,the population and social performance were becoming better;the economic performance was not obvious;the life performance was fluctuant,while the resource performance were poor.The positive and negative correlation calculation result showed that the overall trend of China's urban-rural integrated development was consistent with the trends of the population,the economic and the resources performance between urban and rural,but contrary to the trends of the social and the life performance trends.The result of correlation analysis showed that the overall performance of China's urban-rural integrated development has close relationship with the resource performance,the economic performance and the population performance,that is to say,resource,economy and population are the foci of China's urban-rural integrated development.In addition,there were large internal differences in China's urban-rural integrated development,such as the total and average weight differences,the input and output differences,the regional differences and the provincial differences.
Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in a Medicare Managed Care Population : Association with Higher Costs and Utilization RESEARCH

METHODS: Retrospective review of a health maintenance organization (HMO) administrative database claims data for a subset of Medicare managed care patients 65 years of age and older to compare persons on PIMs (cases) with persons not on PIMs (comparisons). Measures included costs, inpatient and outpatient utilization, number of prescriptions, patient demographics, diagnoses, prescriber information, clinical data including self-rated health, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index.
Observational and Model Analysis of Interannual Rainfall Extremes and Air Flow over Tasmania

Interannual rainfall extremes over Tasmania are examined using observations, reanalysis data and two coupled climate models. The influence of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) on east-west variation of annual rainfall across Tasmania is investigated involving an analytical study of mountain waves first derived by Queney (1948). The analysis of the westerly winds of the circumpolar trough were found to shift south (north) during the positive (negative) phase of the AAO. A similar annular pattern and north-south shift was seen in sea level pressure (SLP), outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and precipitation. Consequently composites of OLR showed that during years of anomalous positive Antarctic Oscillation Index (AAOI) there is a positive anomaly over Tasmania, confirming that during this phase of the AAO (+ve) the conditions across Tasmania are less conducive to precipitation. We describe a mechanism whereby the AAO influences precipitation distributions via SLP and wind anomalies. The zonal winds and SLP patterns of extreme years over Tasmania coincide with the positive and negative phases of the AAO. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were found to have little influence over the western districts of Tasmania and were instead forced by the atmospheric conditions i.e. the SST anomalies for extreme years over western Tasmania were colder during the wet years and warmer during the drier years. This is likely to be the direct result of air-sea temperature fluxes due to the lack or persistence of cloud cover, shown from composites of OLR. The SST anomalies over eastern Tasmania indicate the influence of an ENSO signal, with patterns appearing in extreme years over the Pacific Ocean. Therefore the phase and intensity of the AAO impacts on precipitation across both western and eastern Tasmania, whereas ENSO only influences eastern Tasmania. Topographic effects are derived from the two dimensional Navier Stokes equations, showing a range of wave patterns resulting from a westerly wind in a stratified atmosphere blowing over a mountain range. This configuration has direct relevance to the set up of westerly winds blowing over Tasmania. The appearance of waves are dependent on mountain height and width when considering a gently sloping bell shaped orography. The formation of cloud and therefore precipitation depends upon the presence of these waves, causing regions of uplift. Therefore when the westerly air stream is weakened or strengthened through atmospheric variability modes such as the AAO, the placement of greatest uplift and precipitation can vary.
The red clay mantle in the Wagga Wagga region, New South Wales: evaluation of an aeolian dust deposit (Yarabee Parna) using methods of soil landscape mapping

The aeolian dust deposits (parna) in the Wagga Wagga region have formed the most common soil material of the region, ‘red clay’, which has a distribution closely related to landforms. On high plains it occurs across >90% of the total area, forming a nearly continuous mantle. On rises and low hills with average slope 50%) of gravels and exists only at lower and foot-slopes. On hills with average slope gradient of 10–30%, the distribution and gravel contents of the red clay vary between the above two situations. In floodplains the red clay is absent. These distribution patterns are consistent with the aeolian origin of the red clay and may be explained mainly by landform and pedogenic processes occurring since the aeolian dust deposition, including: (1) erosion and deposition, which are more dominant in hills and f loodplains; (2) disturbance by soil creep and bio-turbation; (3) other pedogenic processes which may cause colour changes, and loss or accumulation of colloids and soluble components; and (4) development of soil structures. These post-deposition processes explain the presence or absence of the ‘red clay’ in various landforms and its variations in field texture from light clay to light-medium clay, colour (hue) from 2.5YR to 5YR, structure from weak to moderate, pH from 5.0 to 8.0, and thickness from 30 to >80 cm. Although this relatively uniform ‘red clay’ forms the subsoil, different soil types occur mainly due to the more variable topsoils.
Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound-Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Opening in P301S Mice Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease Tauopathies

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia. No treatments have led to clinically meaningful impacts. A major obstacle for peripherally administered therapeutics targeting the central nervous system is related to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Ultrasounds associated with microbubbles have been shown to transiently and safely open the BBB. In AD mouse models, the sole BBB opening with no adjunct drugs may be sufficient to reduce lesions and mitigate cognitive decline. However, these therapeutic effects are for now mainly assessed in preclinical mouse models of amyloidosis and remain less documented in tau lesions. The aim of the present study was therefore to evaluate the effects of repeated BBB opening using low-intensity pulsed ultrasounds (LIPU) in tau transgenic P301S mice with two main readouts: tau-positive lesions and microglial cells. Our results show that LIPU-induced BBB opening does not decrease tau pathology and may even potentiate the accumulation of pathological tau in selected brain regions. In addition, LIPU-BBB opening in P301S mice strongly reduced microglia densities in brain parenchyma, suggesting an anti-inflammatory action. These results provide a baseline for future studies using LIPU-BBB opening, such as adjunct drug therapies, in animal models and in AD patients.
Autocalibrated Sampling Rate Conversion in the Frequency Domain [Tips & Tricks]

Frequency-domain sampling rate conversion (SRC) can be conveniently implemented by manipulating the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the input signal. This method has achieved the advantages of using less computation to obtain more accurate converted output. Conversion errors are mainly produced from the formulation process of the DFT of the output signal. This article presents a sparsity-based scheme to appropriately and automatically calibrate the conversion errors to make further improvement on the conversion accuracy at the cost of more computational complexity. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can significantly decrease the meansquare errors (MSEs) and is particularly effective on minimizing the MSEs of phase spectrum.
Paramétrisation du mélange dans les écoulements catabatiques le long des pentes de vallées alpines

On etudie les proprietes de transport et melange d'un vent catabatique dans une vallee alpine lorsque l'atmosphere est stablement stratifiee. Un ensemble de simulations a haute resolution avec le code de calcul ARPS permet d'obtenir une mesure du coefficient de diffusion turbulente en fonction du niveau de stratification de l'atmosphere et de proposer une parametrisation de ce coefficient.
An evaluation of dilution models for the discharge of produced water into the Gulf of Mexico

A study was performed to determine which of two mixing models (CORMIX1 or UM/PLUMES) was more appropriate for simulating the vertically downward discharge of negatively buoyant produced waters into a stratified ambient having a crossflow in Gulf of Mexico waters. For deep waters without impingement on the seafloor or gravitational collapse of the plume, UM/PLUMES is recommended because of its Lagrangian solution to the governing equations of mass, momentum, and energy. CORMIXI is recommended if the plume interacts with the seafloor or if the plume undergoes gravitational collapse, although its results may be overly conservative at the edge of the mixing zone. These overly conservative results can be corrected by employing a post-processing technique developed by Limno-Tech, Inc. and Wright. Because neither model was specifically designed to simulate the entire discharge scenario, additional work is recommended. This work includes laboratory and field studies to generate additional validation data, and code modifications to enhance the capabilities of the models and reduce uncertainty in the predicted jet behavior and potential errors in post processing model results.
Nutrient Trading in Lake Rotorua: Overview of a Prototype System

Water quality in Lake Rotorua has been declining for at least the last 30 years as increased levels of nutrients have entered the lake. Despite significant effort and expenditure, the level of nutrients entering the lake still exceeds sustainable levels. A nutrient trading system would help the catchment achieve this goal at least cost. Nutrient sources would bear the cost of their impact on water quality and hence take these costs into account in their decision-making. This paper presents a prototype nutrient trading system for achieving cost effective nutrient loss reductions for the Lake Rotorua catchment.
INFLUENCE OF EARLY SEASON MATURITY ON FRUIT QUALITY IN NEW ZEALAND 'HASS' AVOCADOS

Studies on early season maturity over the past three years (2000-2002) have focussed on 1) determining regional rates of dry matter (DM) accumulation early season 2) influence of fruit size on DM content and 3) investigating the relationship between DM content and fruit quality. Regional patterns of DM accumulation have been followed on monitor orchards in three of New Zealand’s (NZ) production areas Far North, Northland and Bay of Plenty for the past 3 seasons. Samples of 20 fruit were drawn at 2 weekly intervals from several monitor orchards in each region for a period of 2-5 months at the start of each export season. Fruit weight and DM were determined for each individual fruit in a 20-fruit maturity sample. DM increased in a linear fashion within each region for a given season and the rate of increase ranged from 0.06 to 0.11% DM per day. Regional differences in rates of DM accumulation were not consistent on a seasonal basis. No significant relationship was observed between DM content and fruit size (weight) in any region for the 2000 and 2001 seasons, with weak relationships observed in the 2002 season. Significant relationships were observed between DM content and several aspects of fruit quality in each season, notably checker boarding, vascular stringiness and rot incidence, all of which decreased as fruit maturity increased. Minimum DM content within the maturity sample was a better indicator of fruit quality than the sample average.
A Comparison of Fish Assemblages in Eelgrass and Adjacent Subtidal Habitats Near Craig, Alaska

: Fish assemblages were compared between sites with eelgrass Zostera marina and sites with either kelp (e.g., Laminaria saccharina) or only filamentous algae (e.g., Cladophora and Pilayella). Four pairs of sites near Craig, Alaska, were seined monthly from April to June and in September 1998. Eelgrass in June averaged 1,001 shoots/m2 (SE = 57), dry biomass was 145 g/m2 (SE = 37), and blade length averaged 49 cm (SE = 5). Overall, more species were caught at sites with either eelgrass or kelp than at sites with only filamentous algae: 41 species in eelgrass, 38 in kelp, and 26 in filamentous algae. Total catch was greater at eelgrass than at non-eelgrass sites, principally because of large catches of bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus, crescent gunnels Pholis laeta, and shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata. Juvenile rockfish (age 2 1) were caught frequently (94% of sites) in May to September in both eelgrass and kelp, but not at sites with only filamentous algae. Age-0 rockfish were caught only in September, nearly all (97%) in eelgrass. Catch of pink salmon Oncorhynchusgorbuscha fry, chum salmon 0 . keta fry, and coho salmon 0 . kisutch smolts was similar at eelgrass and non-eelgrass sites, except for chum salmon in June when catch was significantly lower at eelgrass sites. Gadids (96% Microgadus proximus) were uncommon; only 25 were caught, but most (72%) were in eelgrass. Catch of forage fish (Pacific herring Clupea pallasi and Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus) was similar at eelgrass and non-eelgrass sites. Eelgrass and kelp vegetation supported high biodiversity and provided important habitat for juvenile rockfish and other species. Because biological communities vary geographically, additional data from other areas are needed to obtain a full perspective of the role of eelgrass and kelp as fish habitat in coastal Alaska.