Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Path‐integral study of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots

Computational path integral methods have been used to study the excitonic properties of an effective mass quantum dot model. The results are compared to those of variational calculations. The variational method, using a free particle basis, accurately gives the ground and low lying excited state properties for small radii dots where the kinetic energy dominates over the Coulomb interaction. The path integral approach, which is not restricted to small radii dots, gives a thermal average over states. One thermal effect noted for this model is an inversion of the surface charge layer with temperature due to the competition between thermal and Coulomb energies. At high temperature, where Coulomb effects are secondary, the thermal deBroglie wavelength sets the scale for the density variation near a surface and thus the heavier holes approach the surface more closely than the electrons. As the temperature is lowered the now more important Coulomb binding causes the holes to be cushioned away from the surface by the electron cloud. This inversion temperature decreases as the dot radius increases. Both calculations predict increasing biexciton binding energy with decreasing dot size.
A REVIEW ON EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN BLOOD PARAMETERS IN DAIRY BUFFALOES AFFECTED WITH CLINICAL AND SUB-CLINICAL MASTITIS

Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland of lactating bovines (cattle and buffaloes), which is one of the most significant and encountered diseases in the dairy industry. Every year dairy industries face huge economic losses due to the impact of bovine mastitis. Besides producing various physical and biochemical changes in the milk, mastitis also causes fluctuation in various blood parameters of the dairy buffaloes. The levels of total leukocyte count (TLC), and neutrophils in the blood serum of a mastitis suffering buffalo are significantly higher than a healthy buffalo. Similarly, the serum levels of various enzymes like alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase significantly. The lipid peroxidation substances viz. malondialdehyde and nitric oxide increase significantly while there is a significant loss in the level of macro-minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and zinc. The findings of various studies have shown the damaging effects of mastitis in the blood profile of diseased buffaloes.
Nonlinear dynamical structural equation models

Structural equation models (SEMs) have been widely used in behavioural, educational, medical and socio-psychological research for exploring and confirming relations among observed and latent variables. In the existing SEMs, the unknown coefficients in the measurement and structural equations are assumed to be constant with respect to time. This assumption does not always hold, as the relation among the observed and latent variables varies with time for some situations. In this paper, we propose nonlinear dynamical structural equation models to cope with these situations, and explore the nonlinear dynamic of the relation between the variables involved. A local maximum likelihood-based estimation procedure is proposed. We investigate a bootstrap resampling-based test for the hypothesis that the coefficient is constant with respect to time, as well as confidence bands for the unknown coefficients. Intensive simulation studies are conducted to show the empirical performance of the proposed estimation procedure, hypothesis test statistic and confidence band. Finally, a real example in relation to the stock market of Hong Kong is presented to demonstrate the proposed methodologies.
Leucorrhoea in Young Women and Determinants of Preventive Behavior : A Literature Review

Introduction: Vaginal discharge can occur in every woman anywhere in the world. Teenage girls are more at risk, though. It's still a challenge to get teenage females to keep their reproductive organs clean as one of their preventative measures against vaginal discharge. This literature review aims to understand the prevalence of vaginal discharge and the factors that influence adolescents' preventive behavior. Methods: The academic databases (Scopus, Proquest, Pubmed, and Garuda), which comprise works published in the 2016–2021 time frame, were searched for relevant articles using a combination of keywords. The framework for this investigation is PICOS. Articles were systematically chosen by reviewing their English and Indonesian, checking for duplication, examining titles and abstracts, determining whether they eligible for full-text reviews, and determining whether they were appropriate for the study's objectives. The study's participants were female teenagers. Results: Ten papers were discovered that satisfied the review's inclusion requirements. While some adolescent females experience vaginal discharge, others think it to be normal and unproblematic. In order to prevent vaginal discharge in adolescent girls, it is essential to have effective personal hygiene. Adolescents' personal hygiene practices are determined by their knowledge, attitudes, and support systems. Conculusion: Most young women are unaware of the serious effects vaginal discharge can have on reproductive health. To improve adolescent girls' understanding and health status, humanistic health promotion about the behavior of preventing vaginal discharge is still important.
The influence of the physical properties of ice on reflectivity

A model for the plane‐wave reflection coefficient from a layered elastic solid bounded on either side by a fluid half‐space is developed and applied to study environmental factors affecting the reflectivity of smooth arctic ice. Experimental measurements of the internal friction in ice and snow are reviewed and applied to compute realistic attenuation profiles. An examination of the effect of ice layers conforming with measured temperature profiles in floe ice shows that the use of average values for sound speed and attenuation is an acceptable approximation for modeling purposes. A study of the reflectivity due to the absorption of shear and compressional waves demonstrates that shear wave attenuation is the most important loss mechanism from 20° to 60° incidence. The effect of an additional snow layer is to produce more attenuation without shifting the pattern of reflection nulls. Major results are presented for a frequency of 2 kHz. Data comparisons are performed from 0.5–3 kHz that show a limited qual.
Continuation Based Computation of Root-Locus for SISO Dead-Time Systems

Abstract We present a numerical method to plot the root-locus of Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) dead-time systems on a given right half-plane up to a predefined controller gain. We compute the starting and intersection points of root-locus inside the region and we obtain the root-loci of each root based on a predictor-corrector type continuation method. The method is effective for high-order SISO dead-time systems.
Acute effects of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on angle-specific change of direction ability, flexibility and reactive strength in male basketball players

The purpose of our study was to determine the acute effects of dynamic stretching (DS), foam rolling (FR) and foam rolling combined with dynamic stretching (Combo) protocols on angle-specific change of direction (COD) ability, drop jump (DJ) performance and flexibility. Using a counterbalance crossover study design, eleven male basketball collegiate players (20.7 ± 0.6 years) were randomly assigned to one of the four protocols – control (CON), DS, FR, Combo – for each session, for a total of four sessions. A more aggressive foam cylinder with raised nodules, which is thought to be effective in stimulating the deep layer of muscle tissue, was used to observe for changes in their performance during sit and reach (SAR), DJ and COD tasks in 45 and 180 degrees. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify differences of each variable separately between interventions. The SAR after three interventions compared to the CON was significantly improved (F (3,30) = 5.903, P = 0.003, η2 = 0.371). In the 505 test, both limbs failed to show a significant improvement in COD deficit. The non-dominant limb showed a significant improvement of 6.4% after FR when performing the Y-shaped agility (F (3,30) = 4.962, P = 0.0065 < 0.05, η2 = 0.332). In the DJ, the reactive strength index and contact time changed significantly by 17.5% and -17.5% (η2 = 0.518, η2 = 0.571), respectively, immediately after FR. The current research suggested that FR may have an enhancing effect on COD speed in a 45° cutting task and neuromuscular function, while having the potential to improve non-dominant limb deficits in both COD tasks. In contrast, the Combo warm-up protocol did not produce a cumulative effect, suggesting the need for coaches to remain cautious about excessive warm-up duration.
The difference of two renewal processes level crossing and the infimum

We consider the difference process N of two independent renewal (counting) processes. Second-order approximations to the distribution function of the level crossing time are given. Direct application of the second-order approximation is complicated by the occurrence of an (in general) unknown term E[Mtilde], which denotes the expected minimum of the stationary version of N. However, this number is obtained for a wide class of processes N, using matrix-geometric techniques. Numerical experiments have been carried out, in which the new approximations were compared to simulation, first-order and/or exact results. These results confirm that the second-order approximations are considerably better than the (known) first-order ones. We consider the difference process N of two independent renewal (counting) processes. Second-order approximations to the distribution function of the level crossing time are given. Direct application of the second-order approximation is complicated by the occurrence of an (in general) unknown term E[Mtilde], which denotes the expected minimum of the stationary version of N. However, this number is obtained for a wide class of processes N, using matrix-geometric techniques. Numerical experiments have been carried out, in which the new approximations were compared to simulation, first-order and/or exact results. These results confirm that the second-order approximations are considerably better than the (known) first-order ones.
Cabled observatory vent imaging sonar.

A cabled observatory vent imaging sonar (COVIS) has been developed to provide plume and Doppler imaging of hydrothermal vents and surrounding diffuse flow. The system was designed to be compatible with the power and data interface standards of the Neptune Canada cabled observatory. COVIS is a 4 m tall, titanium tripod employing a Reson 7125 multibeam sonar. The sonar transducers are positioned by a motor‐driven three degree of freedom rotation system (pitch, roll, and yaw). A 400 kHz, 1 × 128 deg fan‐beam projector is used with a receiver array that forms 256 beams having horizontal width 0.5 deg and covering a 128 deg azimuthal sector. Volumetric imaging of plumes is generated as the transducer array is scanned in 1 deg pitch steps. Doppler measurements of flow velocity over a 3‐D grid are also derived. A 200 kHz, 28 × 128° broad beam projector is used to image the diffuse areas near the base of the hydrothermal vent edifices. Software allows for the creation of complex, arbitrary, autonomously executed .
Early Growth Response of Persea americana Seedlings to Interaction of Soil Collected under Tree Plantations with Fertilizer Combinations

The greatest problem of most tree species is to have good planting material or seedlings, and one of the means to achieve this is by fertilization of the seedlings. This study was aimed at determining the influence of organic and inorganic and organomineral fertilizers on the early growth response of Persea Americana in interaction with soils collected under four forest plantations of Terminalia superba, Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis and natural forest using standard methods. Plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were assessed at two weeks intervals starting from two weeks after transplanting while plant dry matter yield was determined at the end of the experiment. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) while means were separated using Duncan’s multiple Range test at 5% level of probability. Results showed that at 4, 6 and 10 WAT, there was a significant increase in plant height at interaction of S1 and T4 (Terminalia superba Ikija and FRIN compost @ 50 kg N/ha) with the highest height of 50.33cm while the control had the least height of 19.22cm. Also, at 16 WAP, the interaction of S2 and T5 gave the biggest stem diameter of 10.50mm, while the S1and T5 gave the smallest diameter of 2.14mm. S4 performed better than the other the soils from other sources while the effect of the amendment on the leaves showed that T3 gave the best leaves dry matter yield of 10.19g. It was concluded that the combination of S4 and T5 was found to be the best soil type and treatment for growth of Persea Americana. However, T5 and T3 are recommended as the best fertilizer to grow Persea americana with soils under the selected plantations as shown in this study.
Structure-Guided Cross-Attention Network for Cross-Domain OCT Fluid Segmentation

Accurate retinal fluid segmentation on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images plays an important role in diagnosing and treating various eye diseases. The art deep models have shown promising performance on OCT image segmentation given pixel-wise annotated training data. However, the learned model will achieve poor performance on OCT images that are obtained from different devices (domains) due to the domain shift issue. This problem largely limits the real-world application of OCT image segmentation since the types of devices usually are different in each hospital. In this paper, we study the task of cross-domain OCT fluid segmentation, where we are given a labeled dataset of the source device (domain) and an unlabeled dataset of the target device (domain). The goal is to learn a model that can perform well on the target domain. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel Structure-guided Cross-Attention Network (SCAN), which leverages the retinal layer structure to facilitate domain alignment. Our SCAN is inspired by the fact that the retinal layer structure is robust to domains and can reflect regions that are important to fluid segmentation. In light of this, we build our SCAN in a multi-task manner by jointly learning the retinal structure prediction and fluid segmentation. To exploit the mutual benefit between layer structure and fluid segmentation, we further introduce a cross-attention module to measure the correlation between the layer-specific feature and the fluid-specific feature encouraging the model to concentrate on highly relative regions during domain alignment. Moreover, an adaptation difficulty map is evaluated based on the retinal structure predictions from different domains, which enforces the model focus on hard regions during structure-aware adversarial learning. Extensive experiments on the three domains of the RETOUCH dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and show that our approach produces state-of-the-art performance on cross-domain OCT fluid segmentation.
Electron collisions with an ozone molecule using the R-matrix method

Elastic integral, differential and momentum transfer cross sections for electron collisions with an O3 molecule have been calculated in a 16-state R-matrix approach. The 16 target states have symmetries X1A1, 13B2, 13B1, 13A2, 11B1, 11A2, 23B2, 21A1, 11B2, 23A2, 21A2, 23B1, 21B2, 21B1, 31A1 and 13A1 and have been represented by configuration interaction (CI) wavefunctions. In our CI model, we keep the core 6 electrons frozen in doubly occupied molecular orbitals 1a1, 2a1 and 1b2. The complete active space consists of 18 valence electrons that are allowed to move freely among 12 molecular orbitals: 3a1, 4a1, 5a1, 6a1, 7a1, 1b1, 2b1, 2b2, 3b2, 4b2, 5b2 and 1a2. This CI model gave an adequate description of the vertical spectrum of these excited states which span the energy range 0–10 eV and also gave a good representation of the charge cloud of the ground state at its equilibrium geometry which provided a dipole moment of 0.61 D in good accord with the experimental value 0.53 D. Our calculations detect one bound O−3 state (2B1) at the equilibrium geometry of the O3 molecule. We also find two broad shape resonances in 2A1 and 2B2 symmetries out of which the 2A1 resonance supports dissociative electron attachment when an O–O bond is stretched beyond 3.1 a0. Born correction is applied for the elastic and the dipole allowed transitions to account for partial waves higher than l = 4 that are excluded in the R-matrix calculation. Elastic and excitation cross sections are presented for incident electron energies up to 15 eV and our results are compared with the other theoretical and experimental works.
Total-energy method based on the exact muffin-tin orbitals theory

I present a total-energy method based on the exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTO) theory and the full charge density (FCD) technique. The FCD-EMTO method combines the accuracy of the full-potential method and the efficiency of the muffin-tin potential method. The one-electron Kohn-Sham equations are solved exactly for the overlapping muffin-tin potential and from the self-consistent solutions the full charge density is constructed. The EMTO kinetic energy, combined with the Coulomb and exchange-correlation terms calculated from the total density, yields the FCD-EMTO total energy. The accuracy of the FCD-EMTO method is demonstrated through several test calculations.
Contour Structural Profiles: An Edge-Aware Feature Extractor for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Feature extraction provides an effective tool to classify hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, most hyperspectral feature extraction methods tend to yield an over-smoothed phenomenon, which leads to inconsistency between the homogeneous regions and the ground objects in the actual scene. To alleviate this problem, an edge-aware feature extractor called contour structural profiles (CSPs) is proposed to extract the discriminative features for hyperspectral images classification (HSIC). The proposed classification method comprises three components. First, the spectral dimension of the HSI is reduced with an averaging-based method. Then, an edge-aware total variation (TV) model is constructed to extract the contour structural profile, in which a learned contour probability map is served as one of the major cues in the feature extraction process. Next, multiscale structural profiles (MSSPs) are constructed using the edge-aware TV model with different parameters so as to fully characterize ground objects with different scales. Finally, the MSSPs are fused with a kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) followed by a spectral classifier to obtain the final classification map. Experimental results on several publicly available hyperspectral datasets illustrate that the proposed method obtains superior classification performance over several state-of-the-art classification approaches, especially when the number of training samples is insufficient.
Factors Affecting Consumer Preference Toward Soft Drinks in Nepal

Nowadays, soft drinks are commonly used and are famous all over the world. Product features are focused on promoting soft drinks because they play a vital role in meeting the customers' expectations. The study aimed to measure the relationship between packaging and taste in consumers' preference for soft drinks. The present study is descriptive and analytical. Primary data was the leading source for the survey. The five-point Likert scale questionnaire survey was developed to collect preliminary data. This study targeted customers who had used soft drinks to obtain the necessary data. Three hundred and fifteen respondents were selected within the Kathmandu valley, adopting a convenience sample technique. The study applied tools like mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, correlation, and regression to analyze the data. The study found that packaging and taste positively impact consumers' preference for soft drinks. However, packaging has a high association. Gender does not affect consumers' choice and packaging but has an impact on taste. Packaging is the most important feature that adds a plus point to attractiveness. So, the company should re-design the packaging model of the product to meet the consumer's expectations.
R&D Investment, Internal Control and Enterprise Performance—An Empirical Study Based on the Listed Companies in China of the Core Industry of the Digital Economy

Based on the financial data of listed companies in the core industries of the digital economy from 2010 to 2021, the moderating effect was used to analyze R&D investment, internal control, and enterprise performance. The empirical results show that for listed companies in the core industries of the digital economy, increasing R&D investment can help companies improve their performance. In addition, internal control positively impacts enterprise performance. Internal control acts as a moderating variable, negatively moderating R&D investment and enterprise performance. At low levels of internal control, an increase in R&D investment is associated with a more significant increase in firm performance than at high levels of internal control. Increasing investment in R&D is associated with a slower performance increase at high internal control levels. For companies in the core industries of the digital economy, there is no significant inverted ‘U’-shaped relationship between R&D investment and enterprise performance.
Calling behaviour of the Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis Shaw (Marsupialia: Petauridae).

Vocalizations of the Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis, were studied at Nadgee State Forest, near Eden, New South Wales. Six basic call types were recognized aurally and shown to have characteristic sonographs. Several short primary call components of high energy and relatively pure frequencies were identified. These were combined with medium frequency bands of lower energy to form calls of longer duration. High calling rates occurred early in the night and were associated with time of emergence from hollows, periods of gliding and food searching. During the months August to May, the pattern was similar. Calls were heard throughout the night but calling frequency declined after midnight. In June and July, few or no calls were heard. Reasons for the differential calling rate and the functions of various call types are discussed.