Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy is a process, not a PET: a theory for effective privacy practice

Privacy research has not helped practitioners -- who struggle to reconcile users' demands for information privacy with information security, legislation, information management and use -- to improve privacy practice. Beginning with the principle that information security is necessary but not sufficient for privacy, we present an innovative layered framework - the Privacy Security Trust (PST) Framework - which integrates, in one model, the different activities practitioners must undertake for effective privacy practice. The PST Framework considers information security, information management and data protection legislation as privacy hygiene factors, representing the minimum processes for effective privacy practice. The framework also includes privacy influencers - developed from previous research in information security culture, information ethics and information culture - and privacy by design principles. The framework helps to deliver good privacy practice by providing: 1) a clear hierarchy of the activities needed for effective privacy practice; 2) delineation of information security and privacy; and 3) justification for placing data protection at the heart of those activities involved in maintaining information privacy. We present a proof-of-concept application of the PST Framework to an example technology -- electricity smart meters.
GABA-mediated tonic inhibition differentially modulates gain in functional subtypes of cortical interneurons

Significance GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the brain’s predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter and exerts a strong inhibitory influence through extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. This form of neurotransmission is known as tonic inhibition. Tonic inhibition is usually thought to reduce the excitability of all neurons, but here we show that it can selectively modulate the excitability of different types of neurons. Surprisingly, tonic inhibition can increase excitability in a common subtype of interneuron, and modeling results suggest this is achieved through the neuron’s electrophysiological, or functional, properties. These results provide insight into the impact of tonic inhibition upon neural activity and suggest a mechanism through which GABA may modulate the excitability of neurons in a selective manner. The binding of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) to extrasynaptic GABAA receptors generates tonic inhibition that acts as a powerful modulator of cortical network activity. Despite GABA being present throughout the extracellular space of the brain, previous work has shown that GABA may differentially modulate the excitability of neuron subtypes according to variation in chloride gradient. Here, using biophysically detailed neuron models, we predict that tonic inhibition can differentially modulate the excitability of neuron subtypes according to variation in electrophysiological properties. Surprisingly, tonic inhibition increased the responsiveness (or gain) in models with features typical for somatostatin interneurons but decreased gain in models with features typical for parvalbumin interneurons. Patch-clamp recordings from cortical interneurons supported these predictions, and further in silico analysis was then performed to seek a putative mechanism underlying gain modulation. We found that gain modulation in models was dependent upon the magnitude of tonic current generated at depolarized membrane potential—a property associated with outward rectifying GABAA receptors. Furthermore, tonic inhibition produced two biophysical changes in models of relevance to neuronal excitability: 1) enhanced action potential repolarization via increased current flow into the dendritic compartment, and 2) reduced activation of voltage-dependent potassium channels. Finally, we show theoretically that reduced potassium channel activation selectively increases gain in models possessing action potential dynamics typical for somatostatin interneurons. Potassium channels in parvalbumin-type models deactivate rapidly and are unavailable for further modulation. These findings show that GABA can differentially modulate interneuron excitability and suggest a mechanism through which this occurs in silico via differences of intrinsic electrophysiological properties.
Spontaneous breaking of the C , P , and rotational symmetries by topological defects in extra two dimensions

We formulate models of complex scalar fields in the space-time that has a twodimensional sphere as extra dimensions. The two-sphere S is assumed to have the Dirac-Wu-Yang monopole as a background gauge field. The nontrivial topology of the monopole induces topological defects, i.e. vortices, in the scalar field. When the radius of S is larger than a critical radius, the scalar field develops a vacuum expectation value and creates vortices in S. Then the vortices break the rotational symmetry of S. We exactly evaluate the critical radius as rq = √ |q|/μ, where q is the monopole number and μ is the imaginary mass of the scalar. We show that the vortices repel each other. We analyze the vacua of the models with one scalar field in each case of q = 1/2, 1, 3/2 and find that: when q = 1/2, a single vortex exists; when q = 1, two vortices sit at diametrical points on S; when q = 3/2, three vortices sit at the vertices of the largest triangle on S. The symmetry of the model G = U(1)×SU(2)×CP is broken to H1/2 = U(1) , H1 = U(1) ′′×CP , H3/2 = D3h, respectively. Here D3h is the symmetry group of a regular triangle. We extend our analysis to the doublet scalar fields and show that the symmetry is broken fromGdoublet = U(1)×SU(2)×SU(2)f×P to Hdoublet = SU(2) ′ × P . Finally we obtain the exact vacuum solution of the model with the multiplet (q1, q2, · · · , q2j+1) = (j, j, · · · , j) and show that the symmetry is broken from Gmultiplet = U(1)×SU(2)×SU(2j+1)f ×CP to Hmultiplet = SU(2)′×CP . Our results caution that a careful analysis of dynamics of the topological defects is required for construction of a reliable model that possesses such a defect structure. PACS: 11.10. Kk; 11.27. +d; 11.30. Ly; 11.30. Qc e-mail: sakamoto@phys.sci.kobe-u.ac. jp e-mail: tanimura@kues.kyoto-u.ac. jp
User Rating and Synonyms Based Modified Ranking Technique for Recommender Systems

In this paper, a new concept based on the field of web usage mining, a new recommender system for user rating and synonyms based ranking of the websites has been proposed. In recommender system, when the user searches for a keyword, that keyword is searched and also the related synonyms. Based on its search, the websites are displayed and user is asked to give rating. The user rating is used to upgrade or degrade the page rank in the database. The map reduce algorithm has been used to differentiate and reduce the data retrieved. The system created has better features and gives a new recommender system for page ranking up gradation in data mining field. It has various uses in variety of fields which have important practical applications.
Detection of JC Virus-Specific Immune Responses in a Novel Humanized Mouse Model

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an often fatal disease caused by the reactivation of the JC virus (JCV). Better understanding of viral-host interactions has been hampered by the lack of an animal model. Engrafting NOD/SCID/IL-2-Rg (null) mice with human lymphocytes and thymus, we generated a novel animal model for JCV infection. Mice were inoculated with either a PML isolate, JCV Mad-4, or with JCV CY, found in the kidney and urine of healthy individuals. While mice remained asymptomatic following inoculation, JCV DNA was occasionally detected in both the blood and the urine compartments. Mice generated both humoral and cellular immune responses against JCV. Expressions of immune exhaustion marker, PD-1, on lymphocytes were consistent with response to infection. Using this model we present the first in vivo demonstration of virological and immunological differences between JCV Mad-4 and CY. This model may prove valuable for studying JCV host immune responses.
Anular Closure RCT – Interpretation der Ergebnisse und Bedeutung für die klinische Entscheidungsfindung im Jahr 2019

Zusammenfassung Obwohl die lumbale Bandscheibenoperation als häufigster wirbelsäulenchirurgischer Eingriff mit sehr guten klinischen Ergebnissen in Verbindung gebracht wird, besteht ein relevantes Reherniations- und Reoperationsrisiko. Dies gilt insbesondere für Patienten mit hohen Bandscheiben und großen Anulusdefekten, also für bis zu 30 % des Gesamtkollektivs. Um die Rezidivraten nach Mikrodiskektomie zu senken, wurde ein Anulusverschlussimplantat (ACD) entwickelt und kürzlich in einem großen Multicenter-RCT evaluiert. Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll die publizierten Daten und deren Bedeutung für die wirbelsäulenchirurgische Praxis zusammenfassen. In der Kontrollgruppe des RCT konnte die hohe Rezidivrate von ca. 25 % für diese Hochrisikopopulation nach limitierte Mikrodiskektomie bestätigt werden. Die Reherniationsrate wurde durch das Implantat um die Hälfte gesenkt, so dass bei einer Häufigkeit von Implantat-bedingten Revisionen von unter 3 % auch eine Halbierung der Reoperationsrate erzielt wurde. Die nach harten Kriterien definierte Erfolgsquote betrug ohne Implantat 66 % und mit ACD 76 %. Diese statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in Reoperations- und Erfolgsraten führten nach 3 Jahren auch zu einem signifikanten Outcomevorteil. Auffällig waren häufige Endplattenveränderungen bei ACD-Patienten, die zwar ohne klinische Konsequenzen blieben, aber eine Langzeitbeobachtung anraten. Bei der Hochrisikopopulation macht ein Anulusverschluss nach aktueller Datenlage Sinn und verbessert das Operationsergebnis, so dass der Patientenselektion entscheidender Stellenwert zukommt.
Identification of the Transcriptional Networks and the Involvement in Angiotensin II-Induced Injury after CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockdown of Cyr61 in HEK293T Cells

Background The transcriptional networks of Cyr61 and its function in cell injury are poorly understood. The present study depicted the lncRNA and mRNA profiles and the involvement in angiotensin II-induced injury after Cyr61 knockdown mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in HEK293T cells. Methods HEK293T cells were cultured, and Cyr61 knockdown was achieved by transfection of the CRISPR/Cas9 KO plasmid. lncRNA and mRNA microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to determine biofunctions and signaling pathways. RT-PCR was used to validate the microarray results. Cells were divided into four groups: control, Cyr61 knockdown, angiotensin II (Ang II) without Cyr61 knockdown, and Ang II with Cyr61 knockdown. CCK8, western blotting, and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to dissect cellular function. Results A total of 23184 lncRNAs and 28264 mRNAs were normalized. 26 lncRNAs and 212 mRNAs were upregulated, and 74 lncRNAs and 233 mRNAs were downregulated after Cyr61 knockdown. Analysis of cellular components, molecular functions, biological processes, and regulatory pathways associated with the differentially expressed mRNAs revealed downstream mechanisms of the Cyr61 gene. The differentially expressed genes were affected for small cell lung cancer, axon guidance, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, MAPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, insulin resistance, and metabolic pathways. In addition, Cyr61 expression was increased in accordance with induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Knockdown of Cyr61 in HEK293T cells promoted cell cycle procession, decreased apoptosis, and promoted cell proliferation. Conclusions The Cyr61 gene is involved in Ang II-induced injury in HEK293T cells. Functional mechanisms of the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs as well as identification of metabolic pathways will provide new therapeutic targets for Cyr61-realated diseases.
Software Architecture for Beamline Automation - VMXi Use-Case

Versatile Macromolecular in-situ (VMXi) is the first beamline at Diamond Light Source (DLS) to be entirely automated with no direct user interaction to set up and control experiments. This marks a radical departure from other beamlines at the facility and it has presented a significant design challenge to General Data Acquisition (GDA), the in-house software that manages beamline data collection. GDA has become a reactive controller for continual, uninterrupted processing of all user experiments. A major achievement has been to demonstrate that it is possible to successfully deliver a suitable architectural implementation for automation developed within a standard integrate development environment (IDE). There is no need for specialised software or a domain specific language for automation. The objective is to: review VMXi project with the emphasis on hardware configuration and experiment processing; describe the software and control architecture for automation; and provide a general set of guidelines for developing software for automation at a scientific facility.
Improvement in histologic response but not survival in osteosarcoma patients treated with intensified chemotherapy: a randomized phase III trial of the European Osteosarcoma Intergroup.

BACKGROUND Previous randomized controlled trials that used the two-drug chemotherapy regimen of cisplatin and doxorubicin as the conventional arm showed no evidence of benefit from an increase in the number of agents or the length of treatment. It was then proposed that survival could be improved by increasing the planned dose intensity of cisplatin and doxorubicin. METHODS Previously untreated patients with nonmetastatic, high-grade, central osteosarcoma of an extremity were randomly assigned to Regimen-C (conventional treatment with six 3-week cycles of cisplatin [100 mg/m2 by 24-hour infusion] and doxorubicin [25 mg/m2/day by 4-hour infusion for 3 days]) or to Regimen-DI (intensified treatment with identical total doses of cisplatin and doxorubicin, planned as six 2-week cycles supported by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Surgery was scheduled for week 6 in both arms. Primary and secondary outcome measures were overall and progression-free survival, respectively. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using standard survival analysis methods. Landmark analyses were performed in patients with known surgical details and centrally reviewed histologic response. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Between May 1993 and September 2002, treatment was randomly allocated to 497 eligible patients. Six cycles of chemotherapy were completed by 78% of patients in Regimen-C and 80% of patients in Regimen-DI. The delivered preoperative median dose intensity of cisplatin was 86% in Regimen-C and 111% in Regimen-DI (as the percentage of that planned for the conventional regimen). Postoperative median dose intensity of cisplatin was 82% in Regimen-C and 110% in Regimen-DI (the corresponding figures for doxorubicin dose intensity were similar). Regimen-DI was associated with lower risks of severe leucopenia and neutropenia and higher risks of thrombocytopenia and mucositis. Good histologic response (>90% tumor necrosis) was observed in 36% of Regimen-C patients and 50% of Regimen-DI patients (P = .003, chi2 test). There was no evidence of a difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.24; P = .64) or progression-free survival (HR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.77 to 1.24; P = .83). Landmark analyses showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Planned intensification of chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin increased received dose intensity and resulted in a statistically significant increase in favorable histologic response rate, but not in increased progression-free or overall survival. Our results call into question the use of histologic response as a surrogate outcome measure in trials of this disease.
Subprime Lending and House Price Volatility

This paper establishes a theoretical and empirical link between the use of aggressive mortgage lending instruments, such as interest only, negative amortization or subprime, mortgages, and the underlying house price volatility. Such instruments, which come into existence through innovation or financial deregulation, allow more borrowing than otherwise would occur in previously affordability constrained markets. Within the context of a model with endogenous rent-buy decision, we demonstrate that the supply of aggressive lending instruments temporarily increases the asset prices in the underlying market because agents find it more attractive to own or because their borrowing constraint is relaxed, or both. This result implies that the availability of aggressive mortgage lending instruments magnifies the real estate cycle and the effects of fundamental demand shocks. We empirically confirm the predictions of the model using recent subprime origination experience. In particular, we find that counties and cities that receive a high concentration of aggressive lending instruments experience larger price increases and subsequent declines than areas with low concentration of such instruments. This result holds in the presence of various controls and instrumental variables.
Identification of a natural T cell epitope presented by Salmonella-infected macrophages and recognized by T cells from orally immunized mice.

Murine infection with Salmonella typhimurium provides models for typhoid fever and long-lasting protective immunity conferred by oral vaccination with viable attenuated bacteria. To further understand the role of T cells in these systems, we identified a bacterial Ag recognized by murine T cells responding to a Salmonella infection. From orally infected mice, we derived a CD4+ Ak-restricted T cell clone (7.4.8) the stimulatory Ag of which was provided by S. typhimurium or its flagella, but not by other salmonellae or S. typhimurium mutants unable to synthesize the flagellar filament protein FliC. We mapped antigenic activity to FliC hypervariable region VI using a generally applicable method of sequential C-terminal truncation of recombinant MalE-FliC fusion proteins. Residues 339-350 are the minimal FliC structure capable of stimulating 7.4. 8 and represent the first reported Salmonella-specific epitope recognized by T cells from infected mice. T cells with this specificity are generated by oral immunization, reactivity can be recovered for at least 5 mo afterwards, and FliC is the dominant recall Ag for CD4+ T cells from protectively immunized C3H/HeJ mice. FliC 339-350 is presented by macrophages infected with viable S. typhimurium, and presentation, but not bacterial uptake, is greatly enhanced by pretreatment of macrophages with IFN-gamma. These data point to the importance of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages in the stimulation of T cells responding to facultative intracellular pathogens like S. typhimurium and provide a model system for studying Ag-specific T cell responses in murine salmonellosis.
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell Death in Barley Aleurone Layers1

Nitric oxide (NO) is a freely diffusible, gaseous free radical and an important signaling molecule in animals. In plants, NO influences aspects of growth and development, and can affect plant responses to stress. In some cases, the effects of NO are the result of its interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). These interactions can be cytotoxic or protective. Because gibberellin (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in barley (Hordeum vulgare cv Himalaya) aleurone layers is mediated by ROS, we examined the effects of NO donors on PCD and ROS-metabolizing enzymes in this system. NO donors delay PCD in layers treated with GA, but do not inhibit metabolism in general, or the GA-induced synthesis and secretion of α-amylase. α-Amylase secretion is stimulated slightly by NO donors. The effects of NO donors are specific for NO, because they can be blocked completely by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. The antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene also slowed PCD, and these data support our hypothesis that NO is a protective antioxidant in aleurone cells. The amounts of CAT and SOD, two enzymes that metabolize ROS, are greatly reduced in aleurone layers treated with GA. Treatment with GA in the presence of NO donors delays the loss of CAT and SOD. We speculate that NO may be an endogenous modulator of PCD in barley aleurone cells.
EFFECTIVENESS OF TOOTHPASTE CONTAINING PROPOLIS, TEA TREE OIL, AND SODIUM MONOFLUOROPHOSPHATE AGAINST PLAQUE AND GINGIVITIS

Objective: Natural ingredients such as propolis and tea tree oil are known to possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects that areeffective against periodontal diseases. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of toothpaste containing propolis, tea tree oil, and sodiummonofluorophosphate against dental plaque and gingivitis.Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted for 7 days with 20 subjects in test (using the experimental toothpaste) and control (usingtoothpaste without any natural ingredients) groups each. Measurements of plaque index (PI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) scores wereperformed on days 0 and 7.Results: Significant decreases (p<0.05) in PI (0.53–0.27) and PBI (0.55–0.11) scores were noted in the test group but not in the control group.Conclusions: Brushing teeth with toothpaste containing propolis, tea tree oil, and sodium monofluorophosphate might be effective in reducing theaccumulation of dental plaque and the severity of gingival bleeding.
Comparing the Effects of Two Types of Epidural Shots on Pain and Physical Ability in Older Adults with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

3 Background . 6 Participation of Patients and Other Stakeholders in the Design and Conduct of Research and Dissemination of Findings . 8 Stakeholder Characteristics . 8 Patient advisors and patient advisory group: . 8 Stakeholder advisory board: . 8 Engagement activities and impacts:. 9 Methods . 11 Aim 1 Methods: Determining Outcomes Most Important to Patients With Spinal Stenosis . 11 Aim 2 Methods: Individualized Decision Aids for Patients . 13 Statistical analysis: . 14 Aim 3: Long-term Impact of Epidural Corticosteroid Injections for Spinal Stenosis Symptoms . 14 Results. 22 Aim 1 Results: Determining Outcomes Most Important to Patients With Spinal Stenosis . 22 Aim 2 Results: Individualized Decision Aids for Patients . 25 Aim 3 Results: Long-term Impact of Epidural Corticosteroid Injections for Spinal Stenosis. 29 Intention to treat results. 29 Crossover results . Error! Bookmark not defined. Concomitant back-related utilization and treatments:. 40 Predictors of response to epidural injections: . 40 Treatment-related change in cortisol suppression. 41 Cortisol suppression and adverse events:. 44 Discussion . 44 Outcomes of importance to patients with spinal stenosis:. 44 Subpopulation considerations . 47 Implementation of study results: . 48 Decisional context . 49 Generalizability . 51 Study limitations . 51 Conclusions . 52 References . 54 Appendix . 54
{2/sup n/ + 1, 2/sup n+k/, 2/sup n/ - 1} : a new RNS moduli set extension

The increasing usage of residual number system (RNS) in signal processing applications demands the development of new and more adaptable RNS moduli sets and arithmetic units. This paper presents a new adaptable moduli set extension for the traditional moduli set {2/sup n/ + 1, 2/sup n/, 2/sup n/ - 1}. As it will be shown, this new moduli set extension ({2/sup n/ + 1, 2/sup n+k/, 2/sup n/ - 1}) allows the balancing of the binary channel (2/sup n+k/) in relation to the other two channels. Moreover, it does not require the development of new addition and multiplication units, since it is possible to reuse the already developed and well studied units for these moduli operations.