Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction.

Rewards are both "liked" and "wanted," and those 2 words seem almost interchangeable. However, the brain circuitry that mediates the psychological process of "wanting" a particular reward is dissociable from circuitry that mediates the degree to which it is "liked. " Incentive salience or "wanting," a form of motivation, is generated by large and robust neural systems that include mesolimbic dopamine. By comparison, "liking," or the actual pleasurable impact of reward consumption, is mediated by smaller and fragile neural systems, and is not dependent on dopamine. The incentive-sensitization theory posits the essence of drug addiction to be excessive amplification specifically of psychological "wanting," especially triggered by cues, without necessarily an amplification of "liking. " This is because of long-lasting changes in dopamine-related motivation systems of susceptible individuals, called "neural sensitization. " A quarter-century after its proposal, evidence has continued to grow in support the incentive-sensitization theory. Further, its scope is now expanding to include diverse behavioral addictions and other psychopathologies. (PsycINFO Database Record
Rapid and Dynamic Alternative Splicing Impacts the Arabidopsis Cold Response Transcriptome[CC-BY]

Alternative splicing is a major contributor to reprogramming of the transcriptome in response to cold. Plants have adapted to tolerate and survive constantly changing environmental conditions by reprogramming gene expression The dynamics of the contribution of alternative splicing (AS) to stress responses are unknown. RNA-sequencing of a time-series of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to cold determines the timing of significant AS changes. This shows a massive and rapid AS response with coincident waves of transcriptional and AS activity occurring in the first few hours of temperature reduction and further AS throughout the cold. In particular, hundreds of genes showed changes in expression due to rapidly occurring AS in response to cold (“early AS” genes); these included numerous novel cold-responsive transcription factors and splicing factors/RNA binding proteins regulated only by AS. The speed and sensitivity to small temperature changes of AS of some of these genes suggest that fine-tuning expression via AS pathways contributes to the thermo-plasticity of expression. Four early AS splicing regulatory genes have been shown previously to be required for freezing tolerance and acclimation; we provide evidence of a fifth gene, U2B”-LIKE. Such factors likely drive cascades of AS of downstream genes that, alongside transcription, modulate transcriptome reprogramming that together govern the physiological and survival responses of plants to low temperature.
Deterministic Container Resource Management in Derivative Clouds

IaaS providers offer virtual machines of fix granularity which has prompted the evolution of derivative clouds. With a derivative setup where containers are provisioned within virtual machines, the guest OS manages virtual resources inside a VM whereas the hypervisor manages the physical resources distributed among VMs. This results in two control centers over the set of resources used by the containers. The hypervisor takes control actions such as memory ballooning or the withdrawal of a virtual CPU to manage over-provisioning without being aware of the effect these actions will have on individual containers inside the VM. The derivative cloud provider executing containers in the VM needs a mechanism to react to such changes—based on resource management policies setup for this purpose. In this work we first show via experimental results that hypervisor actions used to manage over-commitment such as ballooning and vCPU stealing have unpredictable and non-deterministic effects on nested containers. Based on this analysis, we design a policy driven controller that smoothes over the effect of these hypervisor actions on these nested containers. We expose several useful policies for each resource type (CPU and Memory) that can help derivative cloud providers better manage container instances.
JAIST Annotated Corpus of Free Conversation

This paper introduces an annotated corpus of free conversations in Japanese. It is manually annotated with two kinds of linguistic information: dialog act and sympathy. First, each utterance in the free conversation is annotated with its dialog act, which is chosen from a coarse-grained set consisting of nine dialog act labels. Cohen’s kappa of the dialog act annotation between two annotators was 0.636. Second, each utterance is judged whether the speaker expresses his/her sympathy or antipathy toward the other participant or the current topic in the conversation. Cohen’s kappa of sympathy tagging was 0.27, indicating the difficulty of the sympathy identification task. As a result, the corpus consists of 92,031 utterances in 97 dialogs. Our corpus is the first annotated corpus of Japanese free conversations that is publicly available.
A Novel Approach in Designing PID Controller for Semi-active Quarter Car Model

This paper implements Teaching-Learning based optimization (TLBO) to obtain optimized value of spring stiffness for better ride comfort. Further, this optimized value is then used in a semi-active quarter car setup to remove any discrepancies due to non-optimized spring. This paper also introduces a novel approach to control the Semi-active suspension parameter (damping coefficient) for a better performance. For controlling semi-active parameters, PID controller has been used. PID controller output is fed to the quarter car setup as a damping coefficient. Thus changing the damping coefficient dynamically as the disturbance occurs, and thus improving the ride comfort. The sprung mass acceleration and rattle space of semi-active quarter car has been compared with sprung mass acceleration and rattle space of passive quarter car model to show the difference in results and thereby, results and conclusions are drawn.
Has the European Union Got It Right? A Critical Analysis of Liberalization in Network Industries

In this chapter, we aim to establish whether liberalization and accompanying regulatory arrangements have delivered the expected efficiency gains. In section I, we discuss the theoretical issues and demonstrate that ‘marketable’ yet simplistic arguments in favour of liberalization tend to ignore a complex set of issues such as imperfect competition, imperfect information, and second-best consequences that are highly likely to limit or prevent the achievement of efficiency and welfare gains. In section II, we review the empirical findings. We find that the partial evidence in support of the liberalization agenda in the telecommunications and energy sectors is overshadowed by the evidence suggesting that liberalization and regulation have usually failed to deliver the expected efficiency gains. In Section III, we narrow our focus to investment and innovation in the telecommunications and electricity sectors. The evidence here suggests that liberalization may be conducive to incremental innovation/investment in sectors where maintaining market shares and/or mark-ups is a significant concern. However, liberalization has either negative or ambiguous effects on investment in radical breakthroughs, and it does not necessarily lead to optimal investment when compared with public monopolies. Finally, in the conclusion, we summarise the main findings and highlight the implications for the European integration process.
Studies on biological effect of lycopene on Hippocampus of hyperlipemia rats

Objective: This study investigated into the ef-fect of lycopene on expression of APP, bax and bcl-2 in hippocampal CA1 region of rats with hyperlipidemia. Methods: By total cholesterol (TC) and body weight, 48 adult male SD rats were randomized into six groups, a normal control group, fed with basic feed; a high-fat model group, fed with high-fat feed; a positive drug control group, fed with high-fat feed and administrated with fluvastatin sodium at a dose of 10 mg? kg? bw-1? d-1 by gastric perfusion; and lycopene groups at three dose levels, fed with high-fat feed and administrated with lycopene at doses of 11, 22 and 44 mg? kg? bw-1? d-1 respec-tively also by gastric perfusion. Caudal venous blood samples of rats in all groups were taken at week 0, week 1 and week 3 after the experiment started so as to assay TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C; at the end of the experiment, rat brains were taken and sections of the hippocampal CA1 re-gion were prepared. Expression of APP, bax and bcl-2 in the CA1 region was determined by im-munohistochemical methods and morphologi-cal examination was carried out. Results: One week after fed with high-fat feed, models of hy-perlipidemia rats were established; at the end of experiment, hippocampal APP and bax expres-sion was enhanced while bcl-2 expression was significantly weakened (p<0.05); to rats with hyperlipidemia, both lycopene and fluvastatin sodium could reduce TC, TG and LDL-C, inhibit expression of hippocampal APP and bax and promote expression of bcl-2 (p<0.05). Conclu- sion: Lycopene down-regulates the expression of bax and up-regulates that of bcl-2 mainly by reducing serum TC and LDL-C and weakening expression of APP in the hippocampal CA1 re-gion of rats with hyperlipidemia, thereby main-taining normal morphology of hippocampal neurons and facilitating the protection of the brain.
Research on Establishment of Abnormal Phlegmatic Syndrome with Premature Ovarian Failure Rat Model and Effects of Balgham Munziq Treatment

This study aimed to establish and explore the biological basis of abnormal phlegmatic syndrome with premature ovarian failure (POF) model in rats based on the Uighur medicine (UM) in the first place and investigate the effects of unique herbal medicine, Balgham Munziq (BMq). Mature female Wistar rats were fed with spinach and coriander in cold and humid condition for approximately 20 weeks until abnormal phlegmatic syndrome (APS) model was established. When APS model was confirmed by Uighur medical experts, APS with POF disease rats were subdivided into APS with POF disease model group and APS with POF disease treated with BMq group; the rest of them were subdivided into APS model group and APS treated with BMq group. The results show that biological characteristics of animals in the course of modeling period were in accordance with clinical features of abnormal phlegmatic syndrome (APS) in Uighur medicine. Herbal medicine BMq not only reverted reproductive hormone levels disorders but also improved the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and regulated secretion of monoamine neurotransmitters. APS is most likely to cause pathological changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and lead to the occurrence of POF and BMq is effective in the treatment of APS with POF disease.
TUNING ELLIPTICAL NIOBIUM CAVITIES BY PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS ∗

The niobium superconducting accelerating cavities used in many contemporary accelerators require tuning to a working frequency after fabrication. This tuning is necessary because small variations between cells can substantially alter the field profile and decrease the accelerating rate. ANSYS simulations are done to understand changing of the initial shape due to plastic deformations at tuning. Simulations are presented for inner cells of a multicell cavity and for the end group including the end cell and the beam pipe. The tuning device has different contact areas on the cell surface where the force is applied, so stretching and squeezing the cavity cell are studied separately. The influence of the stiffening rings is also studied. The cavity tuned to the working frequency with the tuning device has a shape different from the designed shape. So, parameters of the higher order modes (HOMs) excited by the beam will also differ from the parameters calculated for the designed shape. Knowledge of these disturbed parameters is necessary for calculations of the beam breakup caused by HOMs.
Comparison of Image Fusion Technique with Special reference to Information Content

- There is many image fusion methods which are used to produce high resolution multispectral images from high resolution panchromatic image and low resolution multispectral images. This paper deals with review on the different image fusion technique for a remote sensed image and the information content of image. In this paper the different image fusion techniques used are HIS transform, BROVEY transform and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transform. And the information quantification methods of the image are Entropy, Spectral Similarity index and Feature Similarity index.
Imbalance p values for baseline covariates in randomized controlled trials: a last resort for the use of p values? A pro and contra debate

Background Results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are usually accompanied by a table that compares covariates between the study groups at baseline. Sometimes, the investigators report p values for imbalanced covariates. The aim of this debate is to illustrate the pro and contra of the use of these p values in RCTs. Pro Low p values can be a sign of biased or fraudulent randomization and can be used as a warning sign. They can be considered as a screening tool with low positive-predictive value. Low p values should prompt us to ask for the reasons and for potential consequences, especially in combination with hints of methodological problems. Contra A fair randomization produces the expectation that the distribution of p values follows a flat distribution. It does not produce an expectation related to a single p value. The distribution of p values in RCTs can be influenced by the correlation among covariates, differential misclassification or differential mismeasurement of baseline covariates. Given only a small number of reported p values in the reports of RCTs, judging whether the realized p value distribution is, indeed, a flat distribution becomes difficult. If p values ≤0.005 or ≥0.995 were used as a sign of alarm, the false-positive rate would be 5.0% if randomization was done correctly, and five p values per RCT were reported. Conclusion Use of a low p value as a warning sign that randomization is potentially biased can be considered a vague heuristic. The authors of this debate are obviously more or less enthusiastic with this heuristic and differ in the consequences they propose.
Conflict, Cooperation, and Commerce: The Effect of International Political Interactions on Bilateral Trade Flows

The public choice approach to political economy is employed to gain insight into the connection between international politics and trade flows. A model is constructed in which importers are assumed to be rational utility maximizers who seek to satisfy international security as well as economic welfare objectives. This model of bilateral trade flows reflects contemporary theory in the field of international economics, and it explicitly incorporates the general foreign policy orientation of importers among its determinants. The model is tested in 16 annual crosssectional estimations (1960-75) for a complete network of 25 countries. The findings show considerable support for the hypothesis that trade flows are significantly influenced by broad political relations of amity and enmity between nations. The author concludes that nations adjust trade ties to satisfy security as well as economic welfare goals and that a formal political economy of trade should reflect this fact.
Fully automatic hybrid registration method based on point feature detection without user intervention

In earlier work (KIM, J.S, MBEC, 2003), we demonstrated the registration method with a non-linear transformation using intensity similarity and feature similarity. Although the former approach showed good match in global shape of brain and feature-defined region, method contains user interventions for defining appropriate and sufficient number features. While manual delineating the region of interests for sufficient number of feature is a very time-consuming and can provide intra-, inter-rater variability, we proposed fully automatic hybrid registration via automatic feature defining method. Automatic feature definition was performed on the cortical surface from CLASP (KIM, J.S, Neuroimage, 2005) with using cortical surface matching algorithm (Robbins, S., MIA, 2004) and then applied to hybrid registration. The object of this work is to develop fully automated hybrid registration method which reveals enhanced performance in comparison to previous automated registration methods. In the result, our proposed scheme showed efficient performance from maintaining the strong points of hybrid registration without any user intervention.
OS-9-2 A New Surface Electromyography Amplitude Estimation Method

Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been widely used to estimate muscle activity. To date, the estimators have been used such as MAV (mean absolute value) and RMS (root mean squre), and they are designed based on the statistical characteristics (probabilistic distribution) of raw sEMG amplitudes in a time window interval. However, their processing methods have no relevance to muscle physiology. We propose a new surface sEMG amplitude estimator, inspired by mechanical behavior of the muscle and characteristics of sEMG recordings, and they have more relevance to muscle physiology. This estimator might provide a better analysis tool for quantitative measurement of muscle activities in a large of research areas such as functional electrical stimulation, physiology, neuroscience, ergonomics, and biomedical engineering.
Noncollagenous NC 16 Subdomains of Collagen XVII Important for Triple Helix Folding Direction

α-Helical coiled coils represent the most frequent protein oligomerization in nature and they are often found in vital proteins. In this study, using collagenXVII as, a dermal-epidermal cell surface protein in the skin, we found evidence for a newly function of coiled coils in the triple helix folding in collagenXVII. Analysis of the primary sequence of collagen XVII with the COILS program, revealed two regions within the extracellular NC16a, b domains which are predicted to form coiled coil structures. One predicted coiled coil region with six heptad repeats conserved between human, mouse and chicken starts within the transmembrane (NC16b) region and extends into the extracellular NC16a domain. The amino acid residues predicted to be located within the membrane are LLLTWLLLLGLLFGL. The second predicted coiled coil region with two heptad repeats conserved between human, mouse and chicken is located within the NC16a domain close to the first collagenous domain C15 (EEVRKLKARVDELERI and RKKLMMEQENGNLR, respectivelly). After α1(XVII) chains synthesis, and are localized in the membrane as single chains. The coiled coil structure adjacent to the transmembrane domain mediates the chain selection before folding of the triple helix can take place. The shorter predicted coiled coil region helps to align the three α1(XVII) chains in the correct stagger. The folding of triple helical structures starts from the Nterminal and proceeds to the C-terminal end. Our data indicate that the short coiled-coil domain of amino acids plays a central role in both structural and functional regulation of collagen XVII, in addition to triple helix folding directions.
A Study : Volatility Forensic on Hidden Files

More and more forensic researchers gain findings by live investigating memory volatility. Forensic research on volatile data is nowadays big area of interest. In the early days, investigators pulled the plug, but now it could be very interesting to capture the volatile data of the system. Memory forensics and data carving are among methods that are usually used during volatile investigation. Before pulled the plug, it is often desirable to capture volatile information that may not be recorded in a file system or image backup, such as processes and the contents of memory. This data may hold clues as to the attacker’s identity or the attack methods that were used. However, risks are associated with acquiring information from the live system. Any action performed on the host itself will alter the state of the machine to some extent. In paper, an analysis of hidden process on volatility is conducted.
Association between Complement System, Inflammatory Cytokines and Glucose Control in Obese Subjects

Recently, Obesity is a global medical problem as it affects about 13% of population worldwide [1]. Obesity is usually associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance [2,3]. Adipose tissue is a storage site and has secretory functions for some secretions of certain biological functions [4]. In addition, adipose tissues has adipocytes and non-adipocytes that include immune cells [5]. Adipose tissue in obese subjects contribute to excessive hepatic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and serum complement proteins 3 &4 (C3 & C4) [6], which are associated with cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [7,8]. However, there was an association between C3 & C4 with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass [9].
Antioxidant Vitamins Reduce the Risk for Cancer : Part One

Introduction The published scientific evidence that increased consumption of antioxidant vitamins, vitamins C and E, reduces the risk of cancer has been growing over the last several decades. This review assesses the evidence that was reviewed previously by the Food and Drug Administration along with the evidence that has appeared since that review was completed. The conclusions that are drawn are based on the totality of publicly available scientific evidence, with emphasis on well-designed studies that were conducted in a manner which is consistent with generally recognized scientific procedures and principles and which provide credible scientific evidence. These conclusions are drawn with the recognition that an apparent finding of “no effect” is not equivalent to a finding of a “negative effect” and that studies that demonstrate neither beneficial nor harmful effects do not “oppose” studies that do observe a beneficial effect. This scientific evidence reveals that vitamin C and vitamin E reduce the risk for cancer in general. Individually, they each reduce the risk of several site-specific cancers, including colon cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, gastric carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, cancer of the oral cavity, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, renal cell cancer, cancer of the salivary glands, bladder cancer, brain cancer, cervical cancer, and rectal cancer.