Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lower-Power and Min-Crosstalk Channel Routing for Deep-Submicron Layout Design

Consider a set of nets given by horizontal segments S = {s1, s2, . , sn} and a set of tracks T ={t1,t2,. ,tk} in a channel, then a track assignment consists in an assignment of the nets to the tracks such that no two nets assigned to the same track overlap. One important goal is to find a track assignment with the minimum number of tracks such that the signal interference between nets assigned to neighboring tracks is minimized. This problem is called crosstalk minimization. For a given track assignment with k tracks, crosstalk can be reduced by finding another track assignment for S with k tracks (i.e., by permuting tracks). However, considering all possible permutations requires exponential time. For general cost function for crosstalk measure, the problem is NPhard. Several heuristic approaches were previously presented. In this paper, we consider special instances of the crosstalk-minimization problem where the cost function depends only on the length of the segments that runs in parallel and all pairs of segments intersect. An algorithm solving this problem in O(n log n) time is presented. An extension applied to the instances with more general function of switching activity and mixed signal sensitivity to reduce crosstalk and power consumption is also presented.
Update on bloodstream infections in ICUs

Purpose of reviewTo describe new developments in the epidemiology and outcomes associated with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in ICUs. Recent findingsThe incidence and outcomes associated with BSI among patients admitted to ICUs have been changing as a result of increasing numbers of older patients with comorbid medical illnesses suffering critical illness. Community-onset healthcare-associated BSIs are recognized as important causes of BSIs in ICUs and are distinct from community-acquired and nosocomial BSIs. Electronic surveillance systems are evolving that provide efficient information about the occurrence of BSIs and for tracking the emergence of resistance. SummaryThe incidence of healthcare-associated BSIs increases and is associated with bacteria resistant to antimicrobials used in community-acquired infections. The recent years have witnessed the emergence of extensively resistant bacteria in many regions worldwide, and this is associated with major implications for failure of antimicrobial therapies. Enhanced preventive efforts and optimization of therapy are needed in order to reduce the major burden of BSIs in critically ill patients and to minimize the further emergence of resistance.
X-Optogenetics and U-Optogenetics: Feasibility and Possibilities

Optogenetics is an established technique that uses visible light to modulate membrane voltage in neural cells. Although optogenetics allows researchers to study parts of the brain like never before, it is limited because it is invasive, and visible light cannot travel very deeply into tissue. This paper proposes two new techniques that remedy these challenges. The first is x-optogenetics, which uses visible light-emitting nanophosphors stimulated by focused x-rays. X-rays can penetrate much more deeply than infrared light and allow for nerve cell stimulation in any part of the brain. The second is u-optogenetics, which is an application of sonoluminescence to optogenetics. Such a technique uses ultrasound waves instead of x-rays to induce light emission, so there would be no introduction of radiation. However, the tradeoff is that the penetration depth of ultrasound is less than that of x-ray. The key issues affecting feasibility are laid out for further investigation into both x-optogenetics and u-optogenetics.
TNF-alpha and IL-1 sequentially induce endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice.

Dysfunctional leukocyte-endothelial interactions are thought to play a key role in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. We questioned the importance of TNF-alpha and IL-1 for endothelial activation in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression increased significantly with disease evolution in kidney, heart, and brain, as shown by i.v. injected radiolabeled Ab uptake. Lung endothelial VCAM-1 also increased, while lung endothelial ICAM-1 did not rise above a high basal level. Immunoassays showed a significantly raised circulating level of TNF-alpha by 14 wk, with levels of circulating IL-1alpha and IL-1beta being additionally raised by 20 wk. With 14-wk-old MRL/lpr, anti-TNF-alpha antiserum inhibited expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by endothelial cells cultured with sera in vitro, and uptake of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 mAb in lung, kidney, brain, and heart in vivo. In contrast, both anti-TNF-alpha and anti-IL-1 antisera were required for maximal inhibition in vitro and in vivo at 20 wk. These data indicate that TNF-alpha is largely responsible for the early up-regulation of endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, but that IL-1 enhances expression in late disease. Our observations provide novel insights of possible relevance to understanding endothelial activation in systemic lupus erythematosus, and highlight an approach that can be extended to dissecting other chronic inflammatory diseases.
Brief monocular deprivation leaves subthreshold synaptic input on neurones of the cat's visual cortex

1. We have examined neurones in area 17 of monocularly deprived kittens for subthreshold input in response to visual stimulation through the deprived eye during reversible abolition of activity from the non‐deprived eye and during increased excitability of cortical neurones induced by ionophoresis of DL‐homocysteic acid (DL‐H).
Squeal : A Programming Interface to Structural Information on the Web

The World-Wide Web contains an abundance of semi-structured information, including hyperlinks between pages, structure within hypertext pages, and structure within the addresses of pages (URLs). Existing Web tools and applications, however, usually treat the Web as though it were a flat text collection. In earlier work, we described “Just-in-Time Databases” and the associated Squeal schema, which allow the Web’s structure to be queried easily by providing the illusion that the entire Web is in a standard relational. In this paper, we describe a number of “ParaSites” built on top of Squeal to show the utility of structural information to a variety of applications and the ease with which such applications can be written. Specifically, we present Squeal implementations of a recommender system, a personal home page finder, and a moved page finder.
Cell Surface Delivery of the Measles Virus Nucleoprotein: a Viral Strategy To Induce Immunosuppression

ABSTRACT Although only a few blood cells are infected during measles, this infectious disease is followed by acute immunosuppression, associated with high infant mortality. Measles virus nucleoprotein has been suggested to contribute to virus-induced inhibition of the immune response. However, it has been difficult to understand how this cytosolic viral protein could leave an infected cell and then perturb the immune response. Here we demonstrate that intracellularly synthesized nucleoprotein enters the late endocytic compartment, where it recruits its cellular ligand, the Fcγ receptor. Nucleoprotein is then expressed at the surfaces of infected leukocytes associated with the Fcγ receptor and is secreted into the extracellular compartment, allowing its interaction with uninfected cells. Finally, cell-derived nucleoprotein inhibits the secretion of interleukin-12 and the generation of the inflammatory reaction, both shown to be impaired during measles. These results reveal nucleoprotein egress from infected cells as a novel strategy in measles-induced immunosuppression.
Optimal Radius for Connectivity in Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks

We investigate the condition on transmission radius needed to achieve connectivity in duty-cycled wireless sensor networks (briefly, DC-WSNs). First, we settle a conjecture of Das et al. [2012] and prove that the connectivity condition on random geometric graphs (RGGs), given by Gupta and Kumar [1989], can be used to derive a weakly sufficient condition to achieve connectivity in DC-WSNs. To find a stronger result, we define a new vertex-based random connection model that is of independent interest. Following a proof technique of Penrose [1991], we prove that when the density of the nodes approaches infinity, then a finite component of size greater than 1 exists with probability 0 in this model. We use this result to obtain an optimal condition on node transmission radius that is both necessary and sufficient to achieve connectivity and is hence optimal. The optimality of such a radius is also tested via simulation for two specific duty-cycle schemes, called the contiguous and the random selection duty-cycle schemes. Finally, we design a minimum-radius duty-cycling scheme that achieves connectivity with a transmission radius arbitrarily close to the one required in random geometric graphs. The overhead in this case is that we have to spend some time computing the schedule.
On the Capacity of the Static Half-Duplex Non-Orthogonal AF Relay Channel

In this paper, we analyze the capacity of the static half-duplex single-relay amplify-and-forward (AF) system under both per-node and joint power constraints. Different from multiple-input multiple-output systems, the channel matrix of the cooperative AF system is a function of the parameters to be optimized and hence water-filling over the square of the singular values is no longer optimal. Furthermore, given that the mutual information of the AF system is not a concave function, conventional optimization methods cannot be applied. Instead, by deriving and comparing all local solutions, we characterize the optimal input covariance matrix at the source and the optimal power allocation scheme at the relay that maximize the achievable rate. First, for the individual power constraint scenario, it is shown that the capacity of the AF system is achieved by either a direct transmission (DT) scheme, a non-orthogonal AF (NAF) beamforming (BF) protocol with a unit-rank covariance matrix, or a NAF system using a specific full-rank covariance matrix. Then, for the global power constraint scenario, it is shown that only a DT or a NAF-BF protocol can achieve the capacity. In both cases, orthogonal transmission is strictly suboptimal. The capacity of the AF system is finally analyzed for some concrete examples, such as under asymptotically high and low transmission powers and for several network models.
No Need for a Pregnant Pause: Physical Activity May Reduce the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia

Available data, though sparse, consistently show that women who engage in recreational physical activity during pregnancy have approximately 50% reduction in the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus compared with inactive women. Physically active women have approximately 40% reduction in preeclampsia risk. Available data support the American College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists' recommendations that promote exercise during pregnancy.
Identification and estimation of semiparametric two‐step models

Let H 0 (X) be a function that can be nonparametrically estimated. Suppose E [Y&7CX]=F 0 [X⊤β 0 , H 0 (X)]. Many models fit this framework, including latent index models with an endogenous regressor and nonlinear models with sample selection. We show that the vector β 0 and unknown function F 0 are generally point identified without exclusion restrictions or instruments, in contrast to the usual assumption that identification without instruments requires fully specified functional forms. We propose an estimator with asymptotic properties allowing for data dependent bandwidths and random trimming. A Monte Carlo experiment and an empirical application to migration decisions are also included.
Validation d'un référentiel de niveaux de compétence concernant le premier recours par des focus-groups d'internes du DES de Médecine Générale

La notion d'evaluation des competences prend une place de plus en plus importante en medecine, tant au niveau de la formation initiale que de l'evaluation des pratiques. La recente mise en place d'une certification visait a garantir la qualite de la formation des internes et a revaloriser la specialisation en medecine generale. Les missions du medecin generaliste sont dorenavant actees dans la loi HSPT et les instances formatives ont cree de nouveaux outils pour mener a bien ces missions. Le College National des Generalistes Enseignants (CNGE) a notamment defini au sein d'un referentiel les competences attendues pour les internes et les indicateurs correspondants selon les niveaux. Dans cette these, nous cherchons a eprouver la validite externe de ce referentiel concernant la competence "premier recours". Pour cela, nous avons mene de mars a octobre 2011 deux series de trois focus-groups reunissant entre 4 et 9 etudiants en troisieme cycle de medecine generale des facultes Paris V et Paris VII. Nous avons ensuite compare les competences attendues par le CNGE avec celles observees chez les internes en fonction de trois niveaux : novice, intermediaire et competent. L'analyse de ces entretiens a permis de mettre en evidence de grandes parts de concordance entre les competences attendues et objectivees, et surtout de pointer des discordances.
The robust construction of a generalized Voronoi graph (GVG) using partial range data for guide robots

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe research to enable a robust navigation of guide robots in erratic environments with partial sensor information.Design/methodology/approach – Two techniques were developed. One is a robust node discrimination method by using an adaptive sensor matching method. The other is a robot navigation technique with partial sensor information.Findings – A successful navigation was implemented in erratic environments using partial sensor information.Originality/value – First robot navigation is addressed along the generalized Voronoi graph (GVG) with partial sensor information. A solution is also provided for a phantom node detection problem, which is one of the main defects in GVG navigation.
Accurate differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma at gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging: prospective study.

PURPOSE To prospectively determine the accuracy of differentiating benign focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatic adenoma (HA) and liver adenomatosis (LA) by using gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethics committee at each center approved the study, and all patients provided informed consent. Seventy-three patients with confirmed FNH and 35 patients with confirmed HA (n = 27) or LA (n = 8) underwent MR imaging before (T2-weighted half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement or T2-weighted fast spin-echo and T1-weighted gradient-echo [GRE] sequences) and at 25-30 seconds (arterial phase), 70-90 seconds (portal venous phase), 3-5 minutes (equilibrium phase), and 1-3 hours (delayed phase) after (T1-weighted GRE sequences only, with or without fat suppression) bolus administration of 0.1 mmol per kilogram of body weight gadobenate dimeglumine. The enhancement of 235 lesions (128 FNH, 32 HA, and 75 LA lesions) relative to the normal liver parenchyma was assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy for the differentiation of FNH from HA and LA were determined. RESULTS Hyper- and isointensity on T2-weighted and iso- and hypointensity on T1-weighted GRE images were noted for 177 (88.9%) of 199 lesions visible on unenhanced images. On dynamic phase images after contrast material administration, 231 (98.3%) of 235 lesions showed rapid strong enhancement during the arterial phase and appeared hyper- to isointense during portal venous and equilibrium phases. Accurate differentiation of FNH from HA and LA was not possible on the basis of precontrast or dynamic phase images alone. At 1-3 hours after contrast material enhancement, 124 (96.9%) of 128 FNHs appeared hyper- or isointense, while 107 (100%) HA and LA lesions appeared hypointense. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy for the differentiation of FNH from HA and LA were 96.9%, 100%, 100%, 96.4%, and 98.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Accurate differentiation of FNH from HA and LA is achievable on delayed T1-weighted GRE images after administration of gadobenate dimeglumine.
Attribution retraining and academic achievement

This research is an experimental design for determining the attribution retraining influence on academic achievement by “ABCDE “method. The participants were 50 high school girl students who were chosen among 72 students from two schools. They were put in two groups, each groups include 25 participants, including control and experimental groups. Experimental group was retrained attribution by ABCDE method, including recognizing of efficient and non efficient beliefs, recognizing, false beliefs accepting changeable nature of beliefs and enforcing in cognitive restructuring background in two month and 2 hours per session at 8 meetings. After this procedure was done ASQ pretesting and mean score of two groups were analyzed by covariance analysis. Results showed that after learning period, negative score of attribution in experimental group decreased and increased to positive score of attribution in experimental group decreased to positive score in attribution (p<0.001). In addition the results showed that attribution retraining by ABCDE method have positive effect on educational performance which then causes higher achievement. Keywords: Attribution Retraining, Academic Achievement, ABCDE Method ;
Teacher educators and ‘accidental’ careers in academe: an Australian perspective

While teacher education is often seen as the key to preparing qualified teachers who are able to educate students for the demands of the twenty-first century, relatively little attention is paid to the teacher educators who actually do this work. Given the increased demand for teacher educators in Australia due to retirements, and the changing political and institutional context of teacher education, it is timely to understand a little more about the teacher educator workforce. Who are they, why do they work in teacher education, what career pathways have led them to teacher education, what are key aspects of their knowledge and practice as teacher educators, and what are the critical issues faced by those working in teacher education? This paper reports on a study that investigated the pathways into teacher education and the career trajectories of a small group of teacher educators working in a range of university sites in three states in Australia. The study draws on interview data to examine the ways in which these teacher educators talk about the accidental nature of their career pathways, their views about teaching and research, and the variable ways in which experiential and research knowledge are recognised and valued within the field of teacher education and in the academy. The report highlights important considerations for the preparation of the next generation of teacher educators as well as for their induction, mentoring and career planning in order to build and sustain a viable teacher education workforce for the twenty-first century.
Chemical restraint of the Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in captivity.

This retrospective study describes 16 immobilizations performed on nine adult captive Nile hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). Animals were immobilized using intramuscular etorphine alone (1.0-5.0 micrograms/kg; n = 9) or in combination with xylazine (67-83 micrograms/kg; n = 6) or acepromazine (20 micrograms/kg; n = 1). Exact weights for the animals were unknown so drug dosages were based on estimated weights. Seven animals either were in good health or had minor or localized medical problems. Following etorphine and xylazine induction, one animal undergoing castration was anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen delivered by endotracheal tube. Ten immobilizations occurred without complications, and eight of those procedures were rated as good or excellent. Complications, including bradypnea, cyanosis, and apnea, occurred during six immobilizations. One animal died following prolonged apnea, and the necropsy failed to find a specific cause of death. Immobilizations were reversed with diprenorphine alone (4.4-10.0 micrograms/kg; n = 13), diprenorphine (2.9 micrograms/kg) and naloxone (14.6 mu k/kg; n = 1), or naltrexone (146-180 micrograms/kg; n = 2). Mean time to reversal of immobilization for those animals given etorphine alone and reversed with diprenorphine alone was 21.6 min (n = 5). Time to reversal for the two immobilizations reversed with only naltrexone was 4 min. No renarcotizations were observed. Total doses of 2.0-6.0 mg etorphine i.m. should produce heavy sedation to surgical anesthesia in calm adult captive Nile hippopotamuses. Insufflation with oxygen during immobilization seems warranted.
Superfluidity of Grain Boundaries and Supersolid Behavior

When two communicating vessels are filled to a different height with liquid, the two levels equilibrate because the liquid can flow. We have looked for such equilibration with solid 4He. For crystals with no grain boundaries, we see no flow of mass, whereas for crystals containing several grain boundaries, we detect a mass flow. Our results suggest that the transport of mass is due to the superfluidity of grain boundaries.
What is Household Work? A Critique of Assumptions Underlying Empirical Studies of Housework and an Alternative Approach

Through a critical review of the literature, this paper identifies four implicit assumptions which underlie much of the empirical literature on housework: that housework is performed exclusively by couples within their own homes; that it consists primarily of a set of repetitive physical tasks; that it includes childcare, but not care of adults; that it remains largely stable over the life course. Using data from a Canadian study, these assumptions are examined and shown to be false. A new definition of household work is proposed. It identifies four dimensions of household work: physical, emotional, mental and spiritual, integrates housework with care work, includes all those who contribute to household work, whether on a paid or unpaid basis, acknowledges cross-household exchange of work and its changing nature over the life course. Using this definition of household work would lead to new questions as well as to a reinterpretation of some currently accepted generalizations. Grâce à une revue critique de la littérature, cette présentation identifie quatre présuppositions implicites qui sous-tendent une bonne partie des écrits empiriques sur le travail domestique : que le travail domestique est performé exclusivement par des couples au sein de leur propre maison; qu'il consiste principalement d'une suite de tâches physiques répétitives; qu'il comprend le soin des enfants mais pas celui des adultes; qu'il demeure relativement stable au cours de la vie. En utilisant des données d'une université canadienne, nous examinons ces suppositions et démontrons qu'elles sont fausses. Une nouvelle définition du travail domestique est proposée. Celle-ci identifie quatre dimensions reliées au travail domestique : physique, émotive, mentale et spirituelle, intègrent le travail ménager dans le travail de garde, inclus tous ceux qui contribuent au travail domestique, que ce soit du travail rémunéré ou non, reconnaît les échanges inter-domestique du travail et sa nature changeante au cours de la vie. L'utilisation de cette définition du travail domestique soulèverait de nouvelles questions et mènerait vers une réinterprétation de certaines des généralisations actuellement acceptées.