Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AMPAS : Real-Valued Graphical Models for Computer Vision Anonymous

Probabilistic models have been adopted for many computer vision applications, however inference in high-dimensional spaces remains problematic. As the state-space of a model grows, the dependencies between the dimensions lead to an exponential growth in computation when performing inference. Many common computer vision problems naturally map onto the graphical model framework; the representation is a graph where each node contains a portion of the state-space and there is an edge between two nodes only if they are not conditionally independent. When this graph is sparsely connected, belief propagation algorithms can turn an exponential inference computation into one which is linear in the size of the graph. However belief propagation is only applicable when the variables in the nodes are discrete-valued or jointly represented by a single multivariate Gaussian distribution, and this rules out many computer vision applications. This paper combines belief propagation with ideas from particle filtering; the resulting algorithm performs inference on graphs containing both cycles and continuousvalued latent variables with general conditional probability distributions. Such graphical models have wide applicability in the computer vision domain and we test the algorithm on example problems of low-level edge linking and locating jointed structures in clutter.
Designing ubiquitous information systems based on conceptual models

Abstract: Ubiquitous Information Systems (UIS) support single actors and groups byservices over ubiquitous computing technologies anywhere and anytime. These sys-tems require design approaches that keep a holistic view of situations in which singleusers and groups interact with one another and with accessible services. We introduceand exemplify the Situational Design Methodology for Information Systems (SiDIS)that uses three types of Conceptual Models (CMs) and corresponding translation pro-cedures. This contribution focus on the speciﬁcation and translation of the CMs aswell as their processing by the resulting UIS. 1 Introduction Design teams for Information Systems (IS) are heterogeneous; they consist of membersfrom different ﬁelds such as domain experts, various users, and IT architects. Ideas andexpertise of these members have to be brought together for building a homogeneous un-derstanding of an IS. Although, means for communication and explication are required forbuilding these common understandings on various levels. Whereas non-technical mem-bers intend to build an IS that supports for instance their social needs; technical membersfocus on engineering aspects of the technical realization of the system. Such shared un-derstandings of design teams can be described by various conceptual models (CM) thatare used during design phases of IS development [WMPW95]. The focus of conceptual modeling lies in the identiﬁcation of important concepts andrelations [MMG02, WMPW95] that are semantically described by shared vocabularies[MS95]. These vocabularies are either implicitly deﬁned as part of understanding in acommunity or explicitly deﬁned in forms of machine-processable representations [Cha90]. The latter have the advantage that the logic of a CM can then be evaluated and matchedwith other CMs which is an important aspect for re-use [PHS03]. CMs enable an ab-straction from technical issues and focus on aspects of situations in which users and usergroups perform activities that are supported by information and communication services[WMPW95]. A CM is represented by a conceptual modeling language (CML), such asEntity-Relationship [Che76] models or the Uniﬁed Modeling Language (UML) [BRJ05]. From an IS development process perspective, CMs can be used during analysis, design,and realization phases [WMPW95]. Within real-world situations, Ubiquitous Information Systems (UIS) support single actors
Comparison of evaluation for vendor selection under e-commerce based on grey theory

With the rapid development of Internet, e-commerce has attracted lots of attentions of corporations and scholars, a corporation must be required to speed the rollout of new products within the shortest time to capture the market shares and meet the demand for consumers under e-commerce. Through using the grey theory, this paper applied different methods, such as grey relational analysis and grey multipurpose decision-making method to solve the issues related the vendor selection under e-commerce, and compared the results from the different two methods. Research results show that complex multiple attribute decision problems, such as vendor selection under e-commerce need integrated techniques in order to obtain the satisfied solutions. The better way to overcome the deficiencies is to apply several solutions to the same multiple attribute decision problems, and compare their results, and then make the final decision based on the calculated results.
Glycolytic oscillations in single ischemic cardiomyocytes at near anoxia

Previous studies have shown that oscillations of the metabolism can occur in cardiomyocytes under conditions simulating ischemia/reperfusion. It is not known whether they can also occur during real ischemia with near-anoxic oxygen tension. Here, using oxygen clamp in on-chip picochambers, we exposed single resting cardiomyocytes to near anoxia (pO2 < 0.1 mm Hg). We show that at near anoxia, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) was kept by the F1F0-ATPase reversal, using glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In many cells, activation of current through sarcolemmal KATP channels (IKATP) started after a delay with one or several oscillations (frequency of 0.044 ± 0.002 Hz). These oscillations were time correlated with oscillations of ΔΨ. Metabolic oscillations at near anoxia are driven by glycolysis because (a) they were inhibited when glycolysis was blocked, (b) they persisted in cells treated with cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species scavengers, and (c) the highest rate of ATP synthesis during an oscillation cycle was associated with the generation of reducing equivalents. Glycolytic oscillations could be initiated upon rapid, but not slow, transition to near anoxia, indicating that the speed of ATP/ADP ratio drop is a determinant of their occurrence. At enhanced oxidative stress, the rate of ATP consumption was increased as indicated by rapid IKATP activation with large-scale oscillations. These results show that metabolic oscillations occur in cardiomyocytes at near anoxia and are driven by glycolysis and modulated by mitochondria through the rate of ATP hydrolysis, which, in turn, can be accelerated by oxidative stress.
Michigan , USA The Sudbury impact layer in the Paleoproterozoic iron ranges of northern

official positions of the Society. citizenship, gender, religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, includes a reference to the article's full citation. GSA provides this and other forums for the the abstracts only of their articles on their own or their organization's Web site providing the posting to further education and science. This file may not be posted to any Web site, but authors may post works and to make unlimited copies of items in GSA's journals for noncommercial use in classrooms requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in subsequent their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, without fees or further Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of
Flow of evaporating, gravity-driven thin liquid films over topography

The effect of topography on the free surface and solvent concentration profiles of an evaporating thin film of liquid flowing down an inclined plane is considered. The liquid is assumed to be composed of a resin dissolved in a volatile solvent with the associated solvent concentration equation derived on the basis of the well-mixed approximation. The dynamics of the film is formulated as a lubrication approximation and the effect of a composition-dependent viscosity is included in the model. The resulting time-dependent, nonlinear, coupled set of governing equations is solved using a full approximation storage multigrid method. The approach is first validated against a closed-form analytical solution for the case of a gravity-driven, evaporating thin film flowing down a flat substrate. Analysis of the results for a range of topography shapes reveal that although a full-width, spanwise topography such as a step-up or a step-down does not affect the composition of the film, the same is no longer true for th.
On Multiplicative Transfer Function Approximation in the Short-Time Fourier Transform Domain

The multiplicative transfer function (MTF) approximation is widely used for modeling a linear time invariant system in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. It relies on the assumption of a long analysis window compared with the length of the system impulse response. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the analysis window length on the performance of a system identifier that utilizes the MTF approximation. We derive analytic expressions for the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) in the STFT domain and show that the system identification performance does not necessarily improve by increasing the length of the analysis window. The optimal window length, that achieves the MMSE, depends on the signal-to-noise ratio and the length of the input signal. The theoretical analysis is supported by simulation results
A new multilayered PCP and the hardness of hypergraph vertex cover

Given a k-uniform hyper-graph, the Ek-Vertex-Cover problem is to find the smallest subset of vertices that intersects every hyper-edge. We present a new multilayered PCP construction that extends the Raz verifier. This enables us to prove that Ek-Vertex-Cover is NP-hard to approximate within factor (k-1-ε) for any k ≥ 3 and any ε>0. The result is essentially tight as this problem can be easily approximated within factor k. Our construction makes use of the biased Long-Code and is analyzed using combinatorial properties of s-wise t-intersecting families of subsets.
Multi-level asynchronous delta-sigma modulation based ADC

A Multi-level asynchronous delta sigma modulator consist of several Schmitt-triggers and a novel time-to-digital converter is presented as a core of a delta sigma modulation based analog to digital converter (ADC). The modulator firstly modulates the amplitude of its analog input signal to a multilevel asynchronous duty-cycle modulated signal. Then a time to digital converter (TDC) must be applied to generate digital representation of the received signal from the multi-level asynchronous duty-cycle modulated signal. A multi-level structure has been developed in this work while the prior works often used a single Schmitt. One of the most important limitations in conventional asynchronous delta sigma modulation based ADCs is the resolution of time-to-digital converter and it depends on CMOS technology. To adopt for multi level modulator, here, a novel TDC is presented. Simulation results show that using the proposed multi-level delta sigma modulation based ADC allows achieving better performance comparing to conventional single-level modulators.
Preadipocytes proliferate and differentiate under the guidance of Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1)

Obesity occurs when an excessive dietary fat intake leads to expansion of adipose tissue, which mainly consists of adipocytes that arise from proliferating and differentiating adipose stem cells, the preadipocytes. Obesity is a consequence of both adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Knowledge about preadipocyte differentiation is relatively well established, whereas the mechanism responsible for preadipocyte proliferation is incompletely understood and only in the early stage of comprehension. In this regard, we have recently identified that Delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1) (also known as Preadipocyte factor 1 [Pref-1]) inhibits preadipocyte proliferation by regulating their entry into G1/S-phase. This novel disclosure, adding to the previous published data on Dlk1 repression of preadipocyte differentiation, has given us the chance to firmly place Dlk1 as a master regulator of preadipocyte homeostasis and adipose tissue expansion. Dlk1 manipulation may, therefore, open new perspectives in obesity treatments.
Position statement: Inference in Question Answering

One can only exploit inference in Question-Answering (QA) and assess its contribution systematically, if one knows what inference is contributing to. Thus we identify a set of tasks specific to QA and discuss what inference could contribute to their achievement. We conclude with a proposal for {\em graduated test suites} as a tool for assessing the performance and impact of inference.
DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL IN PREDICTING PERFORMANCE OF THE SMART WIND TURBINE BLADE

This paper demonstrates the applicability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) that use Multiple Back-Propagation networks (MBP) and Non-linear Autoregressive with Exogenous (NARX) for predicting the deflection of the smart wind turbine blade specimen. A neural network model has been developed to perform the deflection with respect to a number of wires required as the output parameter. The parameter includes load, current, time taken and deflection as input parameters. The network has been trained with experimental data obtained from experimental work. The various stages involved in the development of genetic algorithm based neural network model are addressed at length in this paper.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DATA STORAGE SECURITY IN A HOSTED ENVIRONMENT

The introduction of hosted environments to computing has brought a lot of change in the industry. With the advent of Infrastructure-as-a-Service, the concept of renting data stores is catching up. Security for the data in a hosted environment is an alarming issue. The paper focuses on cloud data storage security. We propose a security model to maintain the data store. This model ensures the safety of data in the hosted environment. By utilizing the homomorphic token with random masking the model achieves the abstraction of data stored on the Hosted Environment.
From Rabbit Reticulocytes to Clam Oocytes: In Search of the System That Targets Mitotic Cyclins for Degradation

By the late 1980s, the basic biochemistry of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation had already been elucidated by studies that used reticulocyte lysates. However, the scope and biological functions of this system remained largely obscure. Therefore, I became interested at that time in the mechanisms by which mitotic cyclins are degraded in exit from mitosis. Using a cell-free system from clam oocytes that faithfully reproduced cell cycle stage–specific degradation of cyclins, we identified in 1995 a large ubiquitin ligase complex that targets mitotic cyclins for degradation. Subsequent studies in many laboratories showed that this ubiquitin ligase, now called the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, has centrally important roles in many aspects of cell cycle control.
CYP2C8 and antimalaria drug efficacy

Malaria is a major infectious disease. In the last 10 years it has killed more than 20 million people, mainly small children in Africa. The highly efficacious artemisinine combination therapy is being launched globally, constituting the main hope for fighting the disease. Amodiaquine is a main partner in these combinations. Amodiaquine is almost entirely metabolized by the polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform 2C8 to the pharmacologically active desethylamodiaquine. The question remains whether the efficacy of amodiaquine is affected by the gene polymorphism. Genotype-inferred low metabolizers are found in 1–4% of African populations, which corresponds to millions of expected exposures to the drug. In vivo pharmacokinetic data on amodiaquine is limited. By combining it with published in vitro pharmacodynamic and drug metabolism information, we review and predict the possible relevance, or lack of, of CYP2C8 polymorphisms in the present and future efficacy of amodiaquine. Chloroquine and dapsone, both substrates of CYP2C8, are also discussed in the same context.
Managing bandwidth resource for vehicular ad-hoc networks

Various vehicular applications are available in VANETs either for safety-related or non-safety-related use. Collision warning and car crash alerts are those of the most important messages that own high priority to be rebroadcast than any non-safety messages. Meanwhile among non-safety messages that employs text, images and streaming packets containing voices and videos, the bandwidth must be distributed fairly among users. In dense networks, massive rejections of packets may occur if there is no bandwidth resource management applied. This paper proposes a strategy in congestion control to increase bandwidth use and distribute fairness to various applications. In other words, the strategy provides suppressed rejection rates for safety messages and increases fairness on bandwidth use to the rest of applications. This research has shown an improved performance for safety applications and has increased fairness over non-safety applications when correct bandwidth partitioning is applied.
Comparison of cosine similarity and k-NN for automated essays scoring

3 Abstract: In this paper, a comparison between Cosine Similarity and k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm in Latent Semantic Analysis method to score Arabic essays automatically is presented. It also improves Latent Semantic Analysis by processing the entered text, unifying the form of letters, deleting the formatting, replacing synonyms, stemming and deleting "Stop Words". The results showed that the use of Cosine Similarity with Latent Semantic Analysis led to high results than the use of k-Nearest Neighbors with Latent Semantic Analysis.
Bacillus Anthracis Spore Inactivation by Fumigant Decontamination

In 2001, envelopes containing virulent Bacillus anthracis spores were placed into the U.S. mail, resulting in contamination of mail processing and distribution facilities and office buildings. These spore-contaminated facilities were subsequently decontaminated primarily by fumigation with hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and formaldehyde. These highly-publicized incidents resulted in increased public awareness of the threat to human health posed by Bacillus anthracis, and increased interest in sampling, detection, and decontamination of indoor surfaces, rooms, and buildings. Fumigants offer advantages over liquid application for decontaminating rooms or buildings due to the increased coverage of large surface areas and ease of cleanup. From 2001 to the present, however, no decontamination technology has been registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for use against B. anthracis spores; rather, decontamination has been performed through the EPA's issuance of Crisis Exemptions. Since 2001, research and testing efforts have assessed the efficacy and maturity of sporicidal fumigants as well as the maturity, chemical toxicity, material compatibility, and ventilation requirements of these technologies. Several studies have been published in the scientific literature regarding fumigant inactivation of Bacillus spores; however, most decontamination studies with fumigants have utilized surrogates for B. anthracis surrogates, which can be more resistant to a specific type of fumigant (e.g., Geobacillus stearothermophilus and vaporous hydrogen peroxide) than virulent B. anthracis. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge available in the open scientific literature describing the inactivation of virulent B. anthracis spores by various fumigating agents with respect to key operational variables that can affect fumigant decontamination efficacy, such as fumigant concentration, contact time, operational temperature, and relative humidity.
Stage B Heart Failure: Management of Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms of effort intolerance (eg, dyspnea and fatigue) and/or signs of fluid retention (eg, pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema) due to a variety of pathological processes that perturb normal cardiac function. Approximately 50% of HF patients present with evidence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) manifested as a low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); the remaining half are found to have preserved left ventricular (LV) function.1 HF with either low or normal LVEF represents a significant contemporary medical problem that affects an estimated 5 million people in the United States, with an annual mortality rate approaching 20%. 2 HF is considered a progressive disorder that can be represented as a clinical continuum. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) updated 2005 guidelines for the management of chronic HF identify 4 stages in this continuum (Figure 1)3 and link the stages in the natural history of HF to therapeutic recommendations for each stage. Previously, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, based solely on the severity of symptoms (primarily of patients in ACC/AHA stage C or D), was used as a criteria to initiate or change HF therapy. NYHA classification can change over a relatively short period of time even in the absence of medication changes. Nearly every patient who presents to an emergency department for care has at least NYHA class III or IV symptoms; however, at discharge after treatment, many patients are minimally symptomatic. Clinicians must then decide whether to apply NYHA class IV therapies or only class II therapies, which leads to some uncertainty. This approach may result in the undertreatment of some patients with severe LV dysfunction who might be only mildly symptomatic. Figure 1. ACC/AHA guidelines for the evaluation and management of …
How and When Is Role Modeling Effective? The Influence of Mentee Professional Identity on Mentoring Dynamics and Personal Learning Outcomes

In this conceptual document, I present a critical model of mentoring that suggests that mentee professional identity influences how role modeling occurs and, as a consequence, shapes mentoring learning outcomes. The model suggests that the role modeling function of mentoring might not always be beneficial and that the degree to which a mentee has a well-defined professional identity will affect when role modeling supports personal learning, specifically, the outcome of personal adaptability. Although reliance on traditional, exchange-based modeling and emulation are helpful as mentees work to establish their professional identities, it is expected to produce less favorable and potentially detrimental learning outcomes as mentees begin to develop more well-established self-identities. Accordingly, this article contributes to the extant discussion on mentoring to suggest that mentoring relationships characterized by mutuality produce a path that better suits the learning needs of those mentees whose professional identities are better defined. The model is delimited according to phases of the mentoring relationship and asserts that this proposed effect is likely to become salient in the cultivation phase. I derive from these assertions a series of testable propositions that set the stage for future research and outline steps that mentor models may consider to meet their mentees’ learning needs through authentic mentoring practices.