Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiset-Valued Linear Index Grammars: Imposing Dominance Constraints on Derivations

This paper defines multiset-valued linear index grammar and unordered vector grammar with dominance links. The former models certain uses of multiset-valued feature structures in unification-based formalisms, while the latter is motivated by word order variation and by "quasi-trees", a generalization of trees. The two formalisms are weakly equivalent, and an important subset is at most context-sensitive and polynomially parsable.
Human Glutathione 5 "-Transferase Deficiency as a Marker of Susceptibility to Epoxide-induced Cytogenetic Damage 1

The identification of genetic traits that predispose individuals to envi ronmentally induced cancers is one of the most important problems in cancer risk assessment. Genetic deficiency in the jj-isozyme of the glutathione (GSH) 5-transferases (EC 2.5.1.18) has recently been associated with increased lung cancer risk. To test whether this association could arise from a metabolically mediated sensitivity to mutagenic substrates, cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes from 21 isozyme-deficient and 24 nondeficient individuals was induced. Cells were treated with tranxstilbene oxide, an excellent substrate for GSH 5-transferase n, or cisstilbene oxide, a poor substrate for the isozyme. Sister eliminatili ex change induction was measured as an indicator of cytogenetic damage. A trimodal distribution of min.v-stilhcnc oxide-induced sister chromatid exchanges was observed in the population, including resistant, moderate, and highly sensitive groups. Glutathione 5-transferase Mdeficiency was associated with both moderate and high sensitivity to rrans-stilbene oxide-induced damage but had no effect on c/s-stilbene oxide-induced sister chromatid exchange. The results indicate that GSH 5-transferase n, a proposed marker of cancer susceptibility, is also a marker of susceptibility to the induction of cytogenetic damage by a certain class of mutagens. The differential effects of the t-i'. vand rrans-isomers of stilbene oxide illustrate that the stereoselectivity of GSH 5-transferase Mtoward various alkene epoxide substrates can be an important factor affecting individual sensitivity to DNA-damaging epoxides.
Square Deal : Lower Bounds and Improved Convex Relaxations for Tensor Recovery

Recovering a low-rank tensor from incomplete information is a recurring problem in signal processing andmachine learning. The most popular convex relaxation of this problem minimizes the sum of the nuclear norms (SNN) of the unfolding matrices of the tensor. We show that this approach can be substantially suboptimal: reliably recovering a Kway n⇥n⇥· · ·⇥n tensor of Tucker rank (r, r, . . . , r) from Gaussian measurements requires ⌦(rnK 1) observations. In contrast, a certain (intractable) nonconvex formulation needs only O(rK +nrK) observations. We introduce a simple, new convex relaxation, which partially bridges this gap. Our new formulation succeeds with O(rbK/2cndK/2e) observations. The lower bound for the SNNmodel follows from our new result on recovering signals with multiple structures (e.g. sparse, low rank), which indicates the significant suboptimality of the common approach of minimizing the sum of individual sparsity inducing norms (e.g. `1, nuclear norm). Our new tractable formulation for low-rank tensor recovery shows how the sample complexity can be reduced by designing convex regularizers that exploit several structures jointly.
First description of phosphofructokinase deficiency in spain: identification of a novel homozygous missense mutation in the PFKM gene

Phosphofructokinase deficiency is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder, which belongs to group of rare inborn errors of metabolism called glycogen storage disease. Here we report on a new mutation in the phosphofructokinase (PFK) gene PFKM identified in a 65-years-old woman who suffered from lifelong intermittent muscle weakness and painful spasms of random occurrence, episodic dark urines, and slight haemolytic anemia. After ruling out the most common causes of chronic haemolytic anemia, the study of a panel of 24 enzyme activities showed a markedly decreased PFK activity in red blood cells (RBCs) from the patient. DNA sequence analysis of the PFKM gene subsequently revealed a novel homozygous mutation: c.926A>G; p.Asp309Gly. This mutation is predicted to severely affect enzyme catalysis thereby accounting for the observed enzyme deficiency. This case represents a prime example of classical PFK deficiency and is the first reported case of this very rare red blood cell disorder in Spain.
Disentangling Peronospora on Papaver: Phylogenetics, Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Host Range of Downy Mildew of Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum) and Related Species

Based on sequence data from ITS rDNA, cox1 and cox2, six Peronospora species are recognised as phylogenetically distinct on various Papaver species. The host ranges of the four already described species P. arborescens, P. argemones, P. cristata and P. meconopsidis are clarified. Based on sequence data and morphology, two new species, P. apula and P. somniferi, are described from Papaver apulum and P. somniferum, respectively. The second Peronospora species parasitizing Papaver somniferum, that was only recently recorded as Peronospora cristata from Tasmania, is shown to represent a distinct taxon, P. meconopsidis, originally described from Meconopsis cambrica. It is shown that P. meconopsidis on Papaver somniferum is also present and widespread in Europe and Asia, but has been overlooked due to confusion with P. somniferi and due to less prominent, localized disease symptoms. Oospores are reported for the first time for P. meconopsidis from Asian collections on Papaver somniferum. Morphological descriptions, illustrations and a key are provided for all described Peronospora species on Papaver. cox1 and cox2 sequence data are confirmed as equally good barcoding loci for reliable Peronospora species identification, whereas ITS rDNA does sometimes not resolve species boundaries. Molecular phylogenetic data reveal high host specificity of Peronospora on Papaver, which has the important phytopathological implication that wild Papaver spp. cannot play any role as primary inoculum source for downy mildew epidemics in cultivated opium poppy crops.
Independence of Contour and Biological-Motion Cues for Motion-Defined Animal Shapes

The effects of different kinds of cues on the perception of second-order motion-defined animal shapes were assessed. In the first experiment discrimination thresholds for motion-defined animals without biological motion (non-BioM) were compared with motion-defined animals with biological motion (BioM). The results show no significant difference between the two conditions, suggesting that BioM does not interact with simple contour motion. In order to isolate the relative strength and interaction between the motion cues a second experiment was conducted where four conditions were used. The first condition consisted of animal contours with non-BioM, the second condition consisted of animal contours with BioM, the third condition was composed of dots present at the joints of the animals with non-BioM, and the fourth condition was composed of dots with BioM. In all cases the animal shapes traveled across the screen for a given number of frames. As in the first experiment, the results of the second study show no interaction between cues. Furthermore, the data show that the thresholds are similar whether BioM or contour cues are presented. The only condition which is significantly different is the condition without either contour or BioM cues. It is concluded that the form representation generated from these cues in motion-defined animal shapes consists of separate mechanisms which appear equally efficient for discrimination and which do not interact with one another.
Lidocaine and Pain Management in the Emergency Department: A Review Article

Context: In the present review, the analgesic effects of lidocaine in acute or chronic painful conditions in the emergency department are discussed. Lidocaine, as a medium-acting local anesthetic with short onset time, is well-recognized, not only as a valuable medication for numerous neuropathic pain conditions, but also for the management of both acute and chronic pain. Evidence Acquisition: Research studies related to the different applications of lidocaine in the emergency department were collected from different databases including Cochrane library, Medline (Ovid) and PubMed. The pooled data were categorized, summarized and finally compared. Results: Our study revealed that lidocaine is broadly used in various therapeutic approaches for different types of pain, such as visceral/central pain, renal colic etc., in the emergency department. Conclusions: The antinociceptive properties of lidocaine are derived from multifaceted mechanisms, turning it into a medication that is safe to administer via different routes which makes it available for use in a variety of medical conditions.
Natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Depression after stroke is a distressing problem that may be associated with other negative health outcomes. Aims To estimate the natural history, predictors and outcomes of depression after stroke. Method Studies published up to 31 August 2011 were searched and reviewed according to accepted criteria. Results Out of 13 558 references initially found, 50 studies were included. Prevalence of depression was 29% (95% CI 25-32), and remains stable up to 10 years after stroke, with acumulative incidence of 39-52% within 5 years of stroke. The rate of recovery from depression among patients depressed a few months after stroke ranged from 15 to 57% 1 year after stroke. Major predictors of depression are disability, depression pre-stroke, cognitive impairment, stroke severity and anxiety. Lower quality of life, mortality and disability are independent outcomes of depression after stroke. Conclusion Interventions for depression and its potential outcomes are required.
The integration of nutrition components into culinary programs: perspectives of experts and educators

ABSTRACT Consumers are increasingly eager for healthier food selections, but not at the expense of taste. As the foodservice industry continues to respond to these trends, graduates from culinary and hospitality programs are expected to be trained to meet these changing needs. The aim of the study was to compare industry experts’ and educators’ perceived importance of nutritional competencies in culinary curriculum, as well as the perceived barriers to integrate nutritional competency in accredited culinary programs. The study analyzed data provided by two U.S.-based groups of participants: (1) culinary and industry experts, and (2) educators in culinary and hospitality management programs. Results indicate that experts view nutritional competency as important to a student’s program of study and that success depends on educators meeting these competencies. However, the analysis reveals that educators significantly undervalue the importance of nutritional competency placement in curriculum and overrate how well they are preparing culinary graduates.
Magnetic flux expulsion in powerful superbubble explosions and the α–Ω dynamo

The possibility of the magnetic flux expulsion from the Galaxy in the superbubble (SB) explosions, important for the Alpha-Omega dynamo, is considered. Special emphasis is put on the investigation of the downsliding of the matter from the top of the shell formed by the SB explosion which is able to influence the kinematics of the shell. It is shown that either Galactic gravity or the development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in the shell limit the SB expansion, thus, making impossible magnetic flux expulsion. The effect of the cosmic rays in the shell on the sliding is considered and it is shown that it is negligible compared to Galactic gravity. Thus, the question of possible mechanism of flux expulsion in the Alpha-Omega dynamo remains open.
TCP performance over GPRS

GPRS is the new packet-oriented data service for GSM. Soon it will be possible to take advantage of the features provided by GPRS for Internet access like fast connection set-up, volume-based charging and staying on-line for long periods. For non-real-time Internet applications TCP is the applied transport protocol. Often it was suspected that GPRS introduces severe performance degradations for TCP traffic since both apply their own ARQ mechanism. It is well known that layered protocol interactions can have very negative influences. This paper examines with simulations the performance of TCP over GPRS. The behaviour of the protocols is analysed under various conditions. It is shown that both TCP and GPRS are well harmonised.
Generic distinctiveness and the entrepreneurial self: a case study of English Higher Education

ABSTRACT Young people are increasingly called upon to invest in educational qualifications, experience opportunities and other character forming activities in order to stand out from the crowd. This fetishising of generic distinctiveness is promoted throughout education in England, and particularly Higher Education. This paper considers the policy and theoretical implications of the quest to enfranchise distinctiveness in English HE. From a policy perspective the universal promotion of distinction reflects how recent neoliberal reforms in HE have been moderated by a commitment to a liberal ethos of equality of opportunity. Theoretically the mantra of standing out from the crowd is emblematic of the entrepreneurial self as a tool of governmentality. The expectation of compulsory distinction encapsulates the duality of individualisation and regulation that is central to the project of governmentality. This duality is also implicit in the activity of enterprise and how it is calibrated by competition. Being entrepreneurial stimulates innovation but the uncertainty of competition may simultaneously stimulate isomorphic behaviours. The paper concludes by reviewing what the promotion of generic distinctiveness infers for young people and how the promotion of distinction is also bound up with the mantra of confidence.
Cloud service-oriented dashboard for work cell management in RFID-enabled ubiquitous manufacturing

This article aims at developing a service-oriented dashboard for operators and supervisors of manufacturing shopfloor work-cells to realize information visibility and traceability effectively with cloud and RFID (radio frequency identification) technologies. The work is based on a case of an illustrative assembly line consisting of a number of work cells. The dashboard is deployed for facilitating assembly operations in ubiquitous manufacturing environment. The utilization of the system leads to significant improvements in work cell productivity and quality, operational flexibility and decision efficiency.
Getting to More Effective Weight Management in Antipsychotic-Treated Youth: A Survey of Barriers and Preferences.

BACKGROUND Mentally ill youth are at risk for developing obesity, especially when they require antipsychotic treatment; moreover, they may face unique challenges in adhering to behavioral weight loss interventions. The aims of this project were to characterize the challenges families of youth with psychiatric disorders face when engaging in weight loss treatment and to gather information on attitudes and preferences for weight management interventions in this population. METHODS We devised a telephone survey to evaluate caregiver-perceived barriers/challenges to and preferences for behavioral weight loss treatment in overweight or obese mentally ill youth ages 6-18 treated with an antipsychotic agent in an outpatient setting. RESULTS A total of 26 parents or primary caregivers completed the survey. The most commonly cited barriers to participation in physical activity (PA) and maintaining a healthy diet were child's dislike of PA and child's preference for energy-dense foods, respectively, which were impacted by psychiatric symptoms. Preferences for weight loss treatment included individualized, prescribed meal plans and shopping lists, and exercise support/demonstration, with a preference for Internet or cell phone applications to help with monitoring food intake and exercise. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that targets for obesity treatment in this population include individualized, specific support that takes into account the child's motivation, which is effected by psychiatric symptoms. Tools for providing support may include the use of telehealth visits and mobile device applications for self-monitoring.
A Proteomics Screen Implicates HSP83 and a Small Kinetoplastid Calpain-related Protein in Drug Resistance in Leishmania donovani Clinical Field Isolates by Modulating Drug-induced Programmed Cell Death*

The therapeutic mainstay against the protozoan parasite Leishmania is still based on the antiquated pentavalent antimonials (Sb(V)), but resistance is increasing in several parts of the world. Resistance is now partly understood in laboratory isolates, but our understanding of resistance in field isolates is lagging behind. We describe here a comparative analysis of a genetically related pair of Sb(V)-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania donovani strains isolated from kala-azar patients. The resistant isolate exhibited cross-resistance to other unrelated Leishmania drugs including miltefosine and amphotericin B. A comparative proteomics screen has highlighted a number of proteins differentially expressed suggesting that programmed cell death (PCD) is modified in the resistant parasite. Indeed drug-induced PCD progression was altered in the Sb(V)-resistant strain as determined using early and late markers of apoptosis. Two proteins, the heat shock protein HSP83 and the small kinetoplastid calpain-related protein (SKCRP14.1) were shown to be intimately implicated in the drug-induced PCD phenotype. HSP83 increased drug resistance and reduced drug-mediated PCD activation by interfering with the mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas SKCRP14.1 promoted antimonial-induced PCD but protected against miltefosine-induced PCD. This study highlights the important role of PCD in drug susceptibility/resistance in the protozoan parasite Leishmania.
DeepCyTOF: Automated Cell Classiﬁcation of Mass Cytometry Data by Deep Learning and Domain Adaptation

Mass cytometry or CyTOF is an emerging technology for high-dimensional multiparameter single cell analysis that overcomes many limitations of ﬂuorescence-based ﬂow cytometry. New methods are being published for analyzing CyTOF data attempt to improve automation, scalability, performance, and interpretation of data generated in large studies. However, most current tools are less suitable for routine use where analysis must be standardized, reproducible, inter-pretable, and comparable. Assigning individual cells into discrete groups of cell types (gating) involves time-consuming sequential manual steps untenable for larger studies. The subjectivity of manual gating introduces variability into the data and impacts reproducibility and comparability of results, particularly in multi-center studies. The FlowCAP consortium aims to boost user conﬁdence in the viability of automated gating methods. We introduce DeepCyTOF, a standardization approach for gating based on a multi-autoencoder neural network. DeepCyTOF requires labeled cells from only a single sample. It is based on domain adaptation principles and is a generalization of previous work to more than two samples. We apply DeepCyTOF to two CyTOF datasets generated from primary immune blood cells: (i) 14 subjects with a history of infection with West Nile virus (WNV), and (ii) 34 healthy subjects of different ages. Each blood sample was labeled with 42 antibody markers at baseline and three different stimuli (PMA/ionomycin, tumor cell line K562, and infection with WNV). In each of these datasets we manually gated a single baseline reference sample to automatically gate the remaining uncalibrated samples. We show that DeepCyTOF cell classiﬁcation is highly concordant with cell classiﬁcation obtained by individual manual gating of each sample with over 99% concordance. Additionally, we apply a stacked autoencoder, which is one of the building blocks of DeepCyTOF, to cytometry datasets used in the 4th challenge of the FlowCAP-I competition and demonstrate that it over performs relative to all gating methods introduced in this competition. We conclude that stacked autoen-coders combined with a domain adaptation procedure offers a powerful computational approach for semi-automated gating of CyTOF and ﬂow cytometry data such that manual gating of one reference sample is sufﬁcient for accurately gating the remaining samples.
DroidForce: Enforcing Complex, Data-centric, System-wide Policies in Android

Smartphones are nowadays used to store and process many kinds of privacy-sensitive data such as contacts, photos, and e-mails. Sensors provide access to the phone's physical location, and can record audio and video. While this is convenient for many applications, it also makes smartphones a worthwhile target for attackers providing malicious applications. Current approaches to runtime enforcement try to mitigate unauthorized leaks of confidential data. However, they are often capable of enforcing only a very limited set of policies, like preventing data leaks only within single components or monitoring access only to specific sensitive system resources. In this work, we present Droid Force, an approach for enforcing complex, data-centric, system-wide policies on Android applications. Droid Force allows users to specify fine-grained constraints on how and when which data may be processed on their phones, regardless of whether the malicious behavior is distributed over different colluding components or even applications. Policies can be dynamically exchanged at runtime and no modifications to the operating system nor root access to the phone are required. Droid Force works purely on the application level. It provides a centralized policy decision point as a dedicated Android application and it instruments a decentralized policy enforcement point into every target application. Analyzing and instrumenting an application takes in total less than a minute and secured applications exhibit no noticeable slowdown in practice.
Which is a better predictor of plant traits: temperature or precipitation?

Question: Are plant traits more closely correlated with mean annual temperature, or with mean annual precipitation? Location: Global. Methods: We quantified the strength of the relationships between temperature and precipitation and 21 plant traits from 447,961 species-site combinations worldwide. We used meta-analysis to provide an overall answer to our question.