Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Always-On Web of Things Infrastructure using Dynamic Software Updating

Applications in the Internet of Things require security, high availability and real-time communications for reliable operation. But their software contains issues that need to be fixed. Timely installation of software updates allows securing vulnerable software quickly but conventionally disrupts availability and communications. Rolling update schemes prevent disruptions, but have to be performed carefully. Dynamic software updating significantly shortens the installation duration of updates by implementing them in-memory, allowing timely hot fixing and installation of new features without service disruption or degradation in soft real-time communications. As the Web of Things settles on common technologies, we see the need for quick hot fixing of security vulnerabilities in widespread components. To demonstrate the benefits, we present a case study in which the moquette message broker has been retrofitted for dynamic updating with our update system. We provide dynamic patches for all three releases of moquette and perform these updates on moquette at saturated load stressed by a 1:10 fan-out benchmark with 100 simulated publishers. While no connections or messages are lost, it demonstrates that the throughput drops only for 1-2s and that average message latency peaks up to 1000ms during this time.
Étudier des structures de discours : préoccupations pratiques et méthodologiques

Cet article porte sur des problemes d’analyse en corpus de structures discursives, en partant de l’exemple de la proceduralite. Quand l’objet d’etude ne porte pas sur une forme particuliere, il est difficile de recueillir les donnees a analyser sans idee preconcue, c’est-a-dire sans biaiser a priori les resultats. L’article propose une methode permettant de resoudre en partie ces problemes, en partant d’une annotation a plusieurs mains qui est progressivement unifiee afin d’obtenir un resultat objectif. Nous montrons que cette etape fait pleinement partie de l’etude linguistique elle-meme.
Recruitment of dorsal column fibers in spinal cord stimulation: influence of collateral branching

An electrical network model of myelinated dorsal column nerve fibers is presented. The effect of electrical simulation was investigated using both a homogeneous volume conductor and a more realistic model of the spinal cord. An important feature of dorsal column nerve fibers is the presence of myelinated collaterals perpendicular to the rostro-caudal fibers. It was found that transmembrane potentials, due to external monopolar stimulation, at the node at which a collateral is attached, is significantly influenced by the presence of the collateral. It is concluded that both excitation threshold and blocking threshold of dorsal column fibers are decreased up to 50% compared to unbranched fibers. <<ETX>>
White matter integrity in traumatic brain injury: Effects of permissible fiber turning angle

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) methods have been shown to be especially sensitive to white matter abnormalities in TBI. We used our newly developed autoMATE algorithm (automated multi-atlas tract extraction) to map altered WM integrity in TBI. Even so, tractography methods include a free parameter that limits the maximum permissible turning angles for extracted fibers, with little investigation of how this may affect statistical group comparisons. Here, we examined WM integrity calculated over a range of fiber turning angles to determine to what extent this parameter affects our ability to detect group differences. Fiber turning angle threshold has a subtle, but sometimes significant, effect on the differences we were able to detect between TBI and healthy children.
Accuracy of Aiming in Linear Hand-Movements

Six subjects took part in an experiment which consisted of drawing, in a horizontal plane, a number of lines of different lengths and in different directions. The lines were drawn from a starting-point towards a target-point, and the instructions and previous practice were designed to ensure that the lines were drawn in one movement without appreciable amendment during the drawing. The direction and length of the lines were both found to affect the accuracy of aiming, and certain directions showed a persistent bias in the distribution of their errors. Closing the eyes just prior to and during the drawing of the lines had the result of diminishing the effect of changes in direction and length, but it increased the bias. In attempting a theoretical analysis of the results, some of the limitations imposed by human anatomy have been considered in an elementary way. The general conclusion is that, in this task, the effects of altering length, of altering direction and of opening or closing the eyes can, to a great extent, be plausibly ascribed to the particular anatomical nature of the human operator, provided one makes certain simple assumptions about the theory of movement control.
Early Development of Prosocial Behavior: Current Perspectives.

Prosocial behavior first appears in the second year of life. How can prosociality so early in life be explained? One possibility is that infants possess specialized cognitive and/or social capacities that drive its emergence. A second possibility is that prosocial behavior emerges out of infants’ shared activities and relationships with others. These possibilities have motivated a number of current explanatory efforts, with a focus on two complementary questions. First, what is evolutionarily prepared in the very young child and how does it give rise to prosocial behavior? Second, how do proximal mechanisms, including social experiences, contribute to the early development of prosociality? The papers in this special issue represent some of the most recent work on these questions. They highlight a diverse array of new methods and bring them to bear on the nature and development of early prosocial understanding and behavior.
Low Prevalence of Detectable HIV Plasma Viremia in Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Therapy in Burkina Faso and Mali

Background:Sub-Saharan Africa has seen dramatic increases in the numbers of people treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Although standard ART regimens are now universally applied, viral load measurement is not currently part of standard monitoring protocols in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods:We describe the prevalence of inadequate virological response (IVR) to ART (viral load ≥ 500 copies/mL) and identify factors associated with this outcome in 606 HIV-positive patients treated for at least 6 months. Recruitment took place in 7 hospitals and community-based sites in Bamako and Ouagadougou, and information was collected using medical charts and interviews. Results:The overall prevalence of IVR in treatment-naive patients was 12.3% and 24.4% for pretreated patients. There were no differences in rates of IVR according to ART delivery sites and time on treatment. Patients living farther away [odds ratio (OR) = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40 to 4.39], those on protease inhibitor or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens (OR = 3.23; 95% CI 1.79 to 5.82) and those reporting treatment interruptions (OR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.35 to 4.15), had increased odds of IVR. Immune suppression (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.94 to 5.70) and poor self-rated health (OR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.17 to 3.41) were also associated with IVR. Conclusions:Sufficient expertise and dedication exist in public hospital and community-based programs to achieve rates of treatment success comparable to better-resourced settings.
The innovation cumulative sum chart

This paper investigates the acceptable quality level under which quality characteristics have a normal probability distribution with an unknown location parameter. The traditional cumulative sum depends on the unknown parameter, and hence can not be used. Replacing the unknown parameter by its estimator yields the estimated cumulative sum, but the replacement clearly affects the behavior under the acceptable quality level. To overcome this problem, the innovation cumulative sum is proposed. The innovation cumulative sum performs at least as good as the estimated cumulative sum under a linear trend rejectable quality level, and clearly performs better for a rejectable quality level with the change point occurring in the first 70 percent of the sample. Finally, the definition of the innovation cumulative sum is extended for acceptable quality levels involving quality characteristics having a non-normal distribution.
‘Smuggling the vernacular into the classroom’: conflicts and tensions in classroom codeswitching in township/rural schools in South Africa

Abstract In South Africa, as in many parts of postcolonial Africa, English dominates the political economy and as a result is the medium of instruction chosen by the majority of South African schools, despite the fact that most learners do not have the opportunity to acquire English to the levels necessary for effective engagement with the curriculum. Where teachers and learners share a common home language, there is frequently a gap between language policy and practice, and codeswitching by teachers and learners is a common strategy to achieve a range of social and pedagogical goals. However, in teachers’ training the multilingual realities of the classroom have most often been framed in terms of a linguistic problem, with a deficit view of codeswitching. As a result, the potential to use two languages in the classroom in a structured and systematic way to support learning has not been generally recognised or developed. In addition, codeswitching practices are often covert with teachers ‘smuggling the vernacular into the classroom’ and adopting very different linguistic practices when observed, with serious implications for classroom-based research. This paper explores the conflicts and tensions in classroom codeswitching in the context of macrolevel contestations around language status and rights.
Gap Junction Channels Exhibit Connexin-specific Permeability to Cyclic Nucleotides

Gap junction channels exhibit connexin dependent biophysical properties, including selective intercellular passage of larger solutes, such as second messengers and siRNA. Here, we report the determination of cyclic nucleotide (cAMP) permeability through gap junction channels composed of Cx43, Cx40, or Cx26 using simultaneous measurements of junctional conductance and intercellular transfer of cAMP. For cAMP detection the recipient cells were transfected with a reporter gene, the cyclic nucleotide-modulated channel from sea urchin sperm (SpIH). cAMP was introduced via patch pipette into the cell of the pair that did not express SpIH. SpIH-derived currents (I h) were recorded from the other cell of a pair that expressed SpIH. cAMP diffusion through gap junction channels to the neighboring SpIH-transfected cell resulted in a five to sixfold increase in I h current over time. Cyclic AMP transfer was observed for homotypic Cx43 channels over a wide range of conductances. However, homotypic Cx40 and homotypic Cx26 exhibited reduced cAMP permeability in comparison to Cx43. The cAMP/K+ permeability ratios were 0.18, 0.027, and 0.018 for Cx43, Cx26, and Cx40, respectively. Cx43 channels were ∼10 to 7 times more permeable to cAMP than Cx40 or Cx26 (Cx43 > Cx26 ≥ Cx40), suggesting that these channels have distinctly different selectivity for negatively charged larger solutes involved in metabolic/biochemical coupling. These data suggest that Cx43 permeability to cAMP results in a rapid delivery of cAMP from cell to cell in sufficient quantity before degradation by phosphodiesterase to trigger relevant intracellular responses. The data also suggest that the reduced permeability of Cx26 and Cx40 might compromise their ability to deliver cAMP rapidly enough to cause functional changes in a recipient cell.
A review of agile manufacturing systems

About a decade ago, the agile manufacturing paradigm was formulated in response to the constantly changing `new economy’ and as a basis for returning to global competitiveness. While agility means di erent things to di erent enterprises under di erent contexts, the following elements capture its essential concept: agility is characterized by cooperativeness and synergism (possibly resulting in virtual corporations), by a strategic vision that enables thriving in face of continuous and unpredictable change, by the responsive creation and delivery of customer-valued, high quality and mass customized goods/services, by nimble organization structures of a knowledgeable and empowered workforce, and facilitated by an information infrastructure that links constituent partners in a uni®ed electronic network. During this period, a signi®cant amount of attention from both the academic and industrial communities has produced a large body of results in research and development related to this topic. Each contribution has tackled a di erent aspect of this large ®eld. In this paper, we review a wide range of recent literature on agile manufacturing. About 73 papers from premier scienti®c journals and conferences have been reviewed, and a classi®cation scheme to organize these is proposed. We critique these bodies of work and suggest directions for additional research and identify topics where fruitful opportunities exist.
A Divergent Variant of the Eleventh Human Polyomavirus Species, Saint Louis Polyomavirus

ABSTRACT Saint Louis polyomavirus (STLPyV) was recently discovered in human feces. Using random-primed rolling circle amplification combined with deep sequencing, we have found a divergent variant of STLPyV in a sanitized human skin wart specimen. The result strongly suggests that STLPyV directly infects humans and is not simply a dietary contaminant.
The Philosopher as Prophet and Visionary: Susanne Langer's Essay on Human Feeling in the Light of Subsequent Developments in the Sciences

There are at least five major areas in which Susanne Langer's work? taken as a whole, with the three-volume Mind: An Essay on Human Feeling as its defining achievement? anticipated significant developments in the biological and psycho logical sciences that have taken place since the publication of the first volume of Mind in 1967. The first is her belief that consciousness, or subjectivity, is the defining subject matter of psychology. The second is her attempt to develop a conceptual framework for grounding a theory of mind and consciousness in the biological sciences. The third is her proposal that a phenomenology of conscious experience (which she believed could be found in the arts) can serve as a unique source of insights into the phenomena of life and mind that we are seeking to understand in terms of the sciences. The fourth is her thesis that a perfectly con tinuous evolutionary history has given rise to a difference between human and animal mentality that is "almost as great as the division between animals and plants" (1962, 113). And the fifth is her theory of imagination, which provides a bridge from the biological sciences to the study of human culture and the symbolic resources that support it.
Endoscopically Guided Sinus Cultures in Normal Subjects

The study of healthy sinus flora has been pursued with Caldwell-Luc, antral puncture, and anterior rhinoscopy. Increasingly, nasal endoscopy has been used to obtain cultures, yet the significance of findings using this technique remains uncertain. Our ability to interpret the growing number of these cultures will be greatly enhanced by determining the results of this technique in patients without sinusitis. The goal of this study is to identify the bacterial flora of the sinuses in 25 healthy volunteers. Gram stain, aerobic, and anaerobic cultures were performed on swabs taken from the middle meatus and sphenoethmoid recesses. Eighteen cultures were sterile for aerobic organisms. Of the remaining 32 cultures, 41 isolates were retrieved. Predominant aerobes were S. aureus, Staphylococcus coagulase-negative, and diphtheroids; P. acnes was the predominant anaerobe.
Android-based Simulator to Support Tomasulo Algorithm Teaching and Learning

Tomasulo’s algorithm is a dynamic instruction scheduling algorithm that allows out-of-order execution, to minimize “Read-After-Write” (RAW) hazards and by register renaming to reduce “Write-After-Read” (WAR) and “Write-AfterWrite” (WAW) hazards. This paper describes an Android based simulator that shows how dynamic scheduling is obtained using Tomasulo's Algorithm. The simulator is configurable, while the simulation can be operated in a step by step mode and with animation in order to help students comprehend the concepts of dynamic scheduling anytime, anywhere. General Terms Computer Simulation, Algorithms, Hardware, Applied Computing.
Substrate Control of Free Radical Generation from Xanthine Oxidase in the Postischemic Heart (*)

While the free radical-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase is a central mechanism of injury in postischemic tissues, questions remain regarding how xanthine oxidase-mediated radical generation is triggered during ischemia and reperfusion. There is controversy regarding whether radical generation is caused by enzyme formation or that of its substrates xanthine and hypoxanthine. Therefore, studies were performed in isolated rat hearts correlating the magnitude and time course of radical generation with alterations in xanthine oxidase and its substrates. Radical generation was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and correlated with spectrophotometric assays of tissue xanthine oxidase activity and chromatographic measurement of tissue and effluent concentrations of xanthine oxidase substrates and products. Xanthine oxidase was present in preischemic hearts and slightly increased during 30-min global ischemia. Hypoxanthine and xanthine were not present prior to ischemia but accumulated greatly during ischemia due to ATP degradation. These substrate concentrations rapidly declined over the first 5 min of reperfusion matching the observed time course of radical generation, whereas xanthine oxidase activity was largely unchanged. Both substrates were also observed in the coronary effluent during the first 5 min of reflow along with the product uric acid. Thus, the burst of xanthine oxidase-mediated free radical generation upon reperfusion is triggered and its time course controlled by a large increase in substrate formation that occurs secondary to the degradation of ATP during ischemia.
Fuzzy logic navigation in multi agent systems

In this paper we present a methodology for decision making in multi agent system comprised of agents driven by repulsive force and attracting force. Navigation functions are expressed as a set of fuzzy rules obtained by fuzzy Lyapunov stability criteria, thus ensuring stability of the overall system. The goal of the proposed methodology is to create desired formations by moving agents from their initial positions to formation targets, while in the same time avoiding collisions. The destination targets are dynamically permutated as long as the required formation is achieved.
Sales of Nonprescription Cold Remedies: A Unique Method of Influenza Surveillance

Summary: In 1976, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease sponsored a nationwide network for influenza surveillance. In this paper, in addition to reporting the surveillance findings in Los Angeles, sales of nonprescription cold remedies in a large supermarket chain were evaluated as an indicator of influenza activity in the community. Twenty-seven isolates of influenza B occurred between February 17 and April 26, 1977. Peak influenza B activity occurred from mid-March to early April, 1977. A 5–10% increase in percent of respiratory and febrile respiratory illness seen in outpatient clinics was observed in late December and January. No variation in these statistics occurred during the peak of influenza activity. In contrast, sales of nonprescription cold remedies were apparently influenced by influenza B activity. Peak sales (345% increase) occurred 4 wk after the first influenza B isolate and 1 wk before peak influenza activity was documented by peak rates of isolation.Speculation: The data suggest that monitoring sales of nonprescription cold remedies may be a useful technique of influenza surveillance, especially in years when minimal activity occurs.
Old star clusters in the FSR catalogue

We investigate the old star clusters in the sample of cluster candidates from the Froebrich, Scholz & Raftery (FSR) list. Based on photometry from the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey, we generated decontaminated colour–magnitude and colour–colour diagrams to select a sample of 269 old stellar clusters. This sample contains 63 known globular clusters, 174 known open clusters and 32 so far unclassified objects. Isochrone fitting has been used to homogeneously calculate the age, distance and reddening to all clusters. The mean age of the open clusters in our sample is 1 Gyr. The positions of these clusters in the Galactic plane show that 80 per cent of open clusters older than 1 Gyr have a Galactocentric distance of more than 7 kpc. The scaleheight for the old open clusters above the Galactic plane is 375 pc, more than three times as large as 115 pc, which we obtain for the younger open clusters in our sample. We find that the mean optical extinction towards the open clusters in the disc of the Galaxy is 0.70 mag kpc −1 . The FSR sample has a strong selection bias towards objects with an apparent core radius of 30–50 arcsec and there is an unexplained paucity of old open clusters in the Galactic longitude range of 120 ◦ < l < 180 ◦ .
Governing the Sick City: Urban Governance in the Age of Emerging Infectious Disease

Abstract: Based on a case study of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Toronto, Canada, this article suggests that we may have to rethink our common perception of what urban governance entails. Rather than operating solely in the conceptual proximity of social cohesion and economic competitiveness, urban governance may soon prove to be more centrally concerned with questions of widespread disease, life and death and the construction of new internal boundaries and regulations just at the time that globalization seems to suggest the breakdown of some traditional scalar incisions such as national boundaries in a post‐Westphalian environment. We argue that urban governance must face the new (or reemerging) challenge of dealing with infectious disease in the context of the “new normal” and that global health governance may be better off by taking the possibilities that rest in metropolitan governance more seriously.
Collapse and Conservation of Shark Populations in the Northwest Atlantic

Overexploitation threatens the future of many large vertebrates. In the ocean, tunas and sea turtles are current conservation concerns because of this intense pressure. The status of most shark species, in contrast, remains uncertain. Using the largest data set in the Northwest Atlantic, we show rapid large declines in large coastal and oceanic shark populations. Scalloped hammerhead, white, and thresher sharks are each estimated to have declined by over 75% in the past 15 years. Closed-area models highlight priority areas for shark conservation, and the need to consider effort reallocation and site selection if marine reserves are to benefit multiple threatened species.
Living “extreme”: Adventure sports, media and commercialisation

Participation in extreme sports, sometimes called adventure sports, action sports or even individualistic sports, has vastly increased in the last 20 years. The terms are still up for debate, only vaguely defined and are often used interchangeably. Both viewing and participation in this young sports phenomenon is on the rise, but the importance of it for the world of sports, media sport and the opportunities for sponsorship are little explored. This paper will examine the emergence of extreme sports and the connected industry, the reasons why people are enthralled by the new phenomenon and the opportunities it poses for communicators.