Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On distributed, geographic-based packet routing for LEO satellite networks

Advances in satellite technology are enabling the deployment of large constellations of low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. Next-generation systems will be tailored for broadband, packet-switched services, and therefore require either distributed or centralized packet routing mechanisms. Some researchers have hypothesized that the semi-regular mesh topology of a polar-orbiting constellation admits a simple distributed routing protocol based on using geographic information embedded in the node address. We take a closer look at this hypothesis in the context of commercially-proposed constellation designs. Using simulation, we study a distributed routing protocol that selects the next hop based on a minimization of the remaining distance to the destination. Our numerical results indicate that this routing strategy usually yields good routes, with an average latency degradation of less than 10 ms when compared with the optimal route. However, there are locations in the topology, most notably around the counter-rotating seams, the polar regions, and close to the destination of a packet, where the assumption of a regular mesh topology breaks down and it is difficult to guarantee robustness without adding significant additional complexity to the protocol.
Hallucinations from a Cognitive Perspective

&NA; Although the phenomenological diversity of hallucinations has been well documented, experimental investigations into their cognitive underpinnings have not yet reflected this complexity. Our goal in this review is to contrast the restricted set of experimental conditions that have been utilized in source‐monitoring studies of hallucinations with their documented phenomenological diversity. In particular, we initially focus on the theoretical distinction between origin and source that has been recognized at the level of phenomenology, and then review the source‐monitoring literature within this theoretical framework. In addition, we touch on several other aspects of the phenomenological diversity of hallucinations that have not yet been sufficiently investigated experimentally—namely, intentionality, affect, and motivational factors. Finally, we list other methodological problems that may have led to inconsistencies in the literature. We conclude with concrete recommendations for future source‐monitoring investigations of hallucinations.
RETHINKING JUDICIAL PATERNALISM:

Many scholars think that women are sentenced more leniently than men because judges are paternalistic toward women. In this article, I suggest that paternalism is a multilayered concept and that it is important to distinguish between judicial concerns for protecting women and those for protecting children and families. To learn what factors judges consider in sentencing and whether these differ for men and women defendants, I interviewed 20 men and 3 women judges in two state criminal courts. I learned that the primary objects of judicial protection were not women, but children, and men's and women's economic support or care for families. However, there was a labor hierarchy in the judges' minds in that they believed that care giving was more important than wage earning for the maintenance of families. Interactive influences among the defendant's gender, familial status, race or ethnicity, and the nature of the offense charged are discussed.
Accounting for the elemental

This response outlines two particular tendencies evident within the generous series of contributions brought together in dialogue with my article. One of those is a concern for the political. How to push, sharpen, or, for some, retrieve the potential for critique from the line of argumentation around the elemental and the possibilities of affinitive listening that I try to develop in the article? Is it necessary to actually dispense with this particular way of addressing the elemental in order to do this? The second, which potentially negates the possibility of the latter, is not really whether but how we might think more elementally, not less. How can we devote more consideration to a different kind of politics and ethics? My response addresses these issues by exploring how critique and elemental approaches might not necessarily work against but with one another.
Collective selection of food patches in Drosophila

ABSTRACT The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a model organism for research on social interactions. Although recent studies have described how individuals interact on foods for nutrition and reproduction, the complex dynamics by which groups initially develop and disperse have received little attention. Here we investigated the dynamics of collective foraging decisions by D. melanogaster and their variation with group size and composition. Groups of adults and larvae facing a choice between two identical, nutritionally balanced food patches distributed themselves asymmetrically, thereby exploiting one patch more than the other. The speed of the collective decisions increased with group size, as a result of flies joining foods faster. However, smaller groups exhibited more pronounced distribution asymmetries than larger ones. Using computer simulations, we show how these non-linear phenomena can emerge from social attraction towards occupied food patches, whose effects add up or compete depending on group size. Our results open new opportunities for exploring complex dynamics of nutrient selection in simple and genetically tractable groups. Summary: Fruit flies make collective foraging decisions, the dynamics and magnitude of which vary with group size and composition.
Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with a branch arising from the sac.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The endovascular treatment (EVT) of intracranial aneurysms is no more limited by the presence of a branch at the neck or by the neck width. Saccular aneurysms with a branch arising from the sac, however, are mostly candidates for surgery rather than embolization. We prospectively evaluated the feasibility and safety of the EVT in such cases. METHODS Between May and November 2004, 9 consecutive patients with a saccular aneurysm that presents a branch arising from the sac were treated by embolization. There were 7 women and 2 men (mean age, 58 years). Six patients presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and 3 were asymptomatic. All patients were treated by selective coiling with (n = 6) or without (n = 3) the remodeling technique. Clinical outcome was assessed with a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months. RESULTS EVT was successfully performed in all patients and resulted in 7 excellent outcomes and 2 deaths related to SAH complications. The arterial branch could be preserved in 7 cases and intentionally occluded in 2. Neither embolic nor ischemic complication occurred in the vascular territory of the involved branch. Angiographic results showed 5 neck remnants, 2 incomplete occlusions, and 2 complete occlusions. No rebleeding occurred. CONCLUSION Our study, though limited by its small patient population, suggests that saccular intracranial aneurysms with a branch arising from the sac may be treated by endovascular approach with excellent clinical results; however, larger series with long-term follow-up are mandatory to confirm these preliminary results mostly in terms of anatomic stability.
Metalinguistic awareness in young deaf children: A preliminary study

ABSTRACT This study explores the metalinguistic abilities of prelingually deaf children aged 4–7, who are users of Signed English, with regard to their explicit segmentation of Signed English sentences into words. Subjects exhibited varying metalinguistic abilities that generally increased with age and that were similar to the developmental pattern found in hearing populations. Based upon performance with respect to four factors (i.e., explicit segmentation, omissions of function words, content words, and inflectional morphemes), subjects were grouped into four classes. In Class 1, sentences or groups of words were not segmented. in Class 2, major constituents of the sentences were segmented. In Class 3, major constituents and some function words were segmented. In Class 4, the entire sentence was segmented. Patterns of omissions found throughout the classes for function words and inflectional morphemes are discussed. Also addressed are implicit segmentation skills found to develop prior to the development of explicit abilities.
Real Time Assays for Quantifying Cytotoxicity with Single Cell Resolution

A new live cell-based assay platform has been developed for the determination of complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and overall cytotoxicity in human whole blood. In these assays, the targeted tumor cell populations are first labeled with fluorescent Cell Tracker dyes and immobilized using a DNA-based adhesion technique. This allows the facile generation of live cell arrays that are arranged arbitrarily or in ordered rectilinear patterns. Following the addition of antibodies in combination with serum, PBMCs, or whole blood, cell death within the targeted population can be assessed by the addition of propidium iodide (PI) as a viability probe. The array is then analyzed with an automated microscopic imager. The extent of cytotoxicity can be quantified accurately by comparing the number of surviving target cells to the number of dead cells labeled with both Cell Tracker and PI. Excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility has been achieved using this method. In addition to allowing cytotoxicity analysis to be conducted in real time on a single cell basis, this new assay overcomes the need for hazardous radiochemicals. Fluorescently-labeled antibodies can be used to identify individual cells that bear the targeted receptors, but yet resist the CDC and ADCC mechanisms. This new approach also allows the use of whole blood in cytotoxicity assays, providing an assessment of antibody efficacy in a highly relevant biological mixture. Given the rapid development of new antibody-based therapeutic agents, this convenient assay platform is well-poised to streamline the drug discovery process significantly.
The Spanish flu in Uppsala, clinical and epidemiological impact of the influenza pandemic 1918–1919 on a Swedish county

Introduction and aim The Spanish flu reached Sweden in June 1918, and at least one-third of the population (then 5.8 million) became infected. Some 34,500 persons (5.9 per 1,000 people) died from influenza during the first year of the pandemic (when acute pneumonia is included, the number of deaths rose to 7.1 per 1,000 people). In this historical look back at the pandemic, our aim was to review the epidemiological impact on the Swedish county of Uppsala, the clinical outcomes and the economic impact on the regional hospital; a relevant backgound to consider the impact of a future virulent pandemic. We also focused on how the pandemic was perceived by the medical community and by health care authorities. Methods Health care reports, statistics, daily newspapers, medical journals, and records of patients treated for influenza at the Uppsala Academic Hospital from July 1918 to June 1919 were included in our review. Results An influenza related mortality rate of 693 persons (5.1 per 1,000 people) was reported in the Uppsala region from 1918–1919; from July 1918 to June 1919, 384 patients were treated for influenza at the Uppsala Academic Hospital. The first wave peaked in November 1918 with case fatality rates up to 30%; a second wave peaked in April 1919 with a lower rate of mortality. Of the patients treated, a total of 66 died. Of these, 60% were 20–29 years of age, and 85% were less than 40 years old. Autopsy reports revealed pneumonia in 89% of the cases; among these, 47% were hemorrhagic, 18% were bilateral, and 45% had additional extrapulmonary organ involvement. Signs of severe viral disease were documented, but secondary bacterial disease was the primary cause of death in the majority of cases. Conclusion The epidemiologic and pathologic results were in accordance with other publications of this time period. The costs of running the hospital doubled from 1917 to 1920 and then reversed by 45%. Today, an influenza pandemic of the same virulence would paralyze health care systems and result in extremely high financial costs and rates of mortality.
Quality of life perceptions and social comparisons in healthy old age

This paper reports a study of the influence of healthy older people's type of residence and social comparison strategies on their quality of life perceptions. Data were collected from 190 participants aged 65 or more years resident in one London Borough. Participants were classified by their type of residence, and their quality of life was assessed by the Schedule for Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life: Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW). Among the reported social comparison judgements, the dominant strategy was ‘Downward Contrast’. It was the sole strategy for 78 per cent of those studied, and was significantly associated with a higher perceived quality of life. Among other statistically significant findings, it was found that positive orientation, optimistic orientation, and the use of Contrast rather than Identification comparisons associated with a better reported quality of life. The over-riding influence of Downward Contrast comparisons was also confirmed: this strategy appears to be adaptive and functional in enhancing perceived quality of life. The effect is not mediated by depression, although differences in comparison strategy were observed among groups with different residential status. The possibility of an intervention to enhance the perceived quality of life is discussed.
Biological diversity in a changing world

From the pioneering explorations of Joseph Banks (later a President of the Royal Society), to the present day, a great deal has been learnt about the extent, distribution and stability of biological diversity in the world. We now know that diverse life can be found even in the most inhospitable places. We have also learned that biological diversity changes through time over both large and small temporal scales. These natural changes track environmental conditions, and reflect ecological and evolutionary processes. However, anthropogenic activities, including overexploitation, habitat loss and climate change, are currently causing profound transformations in ecosystems and unprecedented loss of biological diversity. This series of papers considers temporal variation in biological diversity, examines the extent of human-related change relative to underlying natural change and builds on these insights to develop tools and policies to help guide us towards a sustainable future.
[Unscheduled revisits in medical emergency units at the hospital: incidence and related factors].

BACKGROUND To known the revisit rate in an emergency department (ED), to define the clinical and epidemiological profile of revisited patients, and to identify influencing factors for revisits. PATIENTS AND METHODS During one year period, we included all revisited patients returning to ED before 72 h of a previous discharge from medical unit of ED. As controls we included the next patient seen after every case being discharged. We compiled clinical and epidemiological data from both groups. For revisited patients, we identify the cause of the revisit, changes in diagnosis and/or treatment, diagnosis mistakes and final destination of the patient. RESULTS We identified 406 revisits (revisit rate: 1.42%). Multivariate analysis disclosed, as positive predictive factors for revisit, and age over 60 years (p = 0.006), male sex (p = 0.02), visit performed at level 2 (severe diseases) (p = 0.02), initial assessment by junior resident (p = 0.01), number of complementary procedures higher than 2 (p = 0.01) and gastrointestinal disease as diagnosis after the first visit (p = 0.03). On the other hand, dermatologic symptoms as initial complaint and unspecific symptoms (p = 0.01) were negative predictors for revisit. In only 16% of cases, the revisit did not imply changes in the diagnosis or treatment. Revisits were due to disease-related factors in 34% of cases, physician-related factors in 33%, patients-related factors in 10%, system-related factors in 3% and there were no relationship with the previous visit in 15% (in 5% of cases the cause was unassessable). The diagnosis error most frequently seen was "nonspecific abdominal syndrome". Seventy six percent of revisited patients were admitted. CONCLUSIONS The revisit rate in our ED is relatively low. Patients being revisited have well-defined clinical and epidemiological profile. The majority of revisited patients require to be admitted.
Examining Emotional Sequelae of Sport Concussion

Depression, fatigue, irritability, confusion, and general mood disturbance are frequently reported after cerebral concussion in sport. Recent trends in research point to the importance of examining postconcussive emotional disturbances more thoroughly, empirically, and clinically. An overview of the complexity of human emotion and its study is provided herein, followed by a review of emotional correlates identified in the existing sparse literature. The significance and clinical implications of identifying emotional correlates of concussion in sport and athletics are discussed.
Measuring Associations Between Exposures and Outcomes

Epidemiologists are often interested in assessing the presence of associations expressed by differences in disease frequency. Measures of association can be based on either absolute differences between measures of disease frequency in groups being compared (e.g., exposed versus unexposed) or relative differences or ratios (Table 3–1). Measures based on absolute differences are often preferred when public health or preventive activities are contemplated, as their main goal is often an absolute reduction in the risk of an undesirable outcome. In contrast, etiologic studies that are searching disease causes and determinants usually rely on relative differences in the occurrence of discrete outcomes, with the possible exception of instances in which the outcome of interest is continuous; in this situation, the assessment of mean absolute differences between exposed and unexposed individuals is also a frequently used method for the determination of an association (Table 3–1).
Association between of BMI and Blood Groups with Breast Cancer Incidence among Women of West Iran: A Case-control Study

Background: Breast cancer accounts about one fifth of all female malignancy. This cancer is the leading cause of death in high income countries and second leading cause in low and middle income countries. The aim of study is to evaluate a number of factors in the patients of breast cancer compared to controls in West Iran and correlation of them with breast cancer incidence. Patients and Methods: In 2014, 76 patients with breast cancer and invasive ductal carcinoma (cases) and 81 age and sex matched-controls randomly were interred to our study. We compared blood groups, BMI, age at the first menarche and hypertension in both groups. Results: In case group, the frequency of A+, O+, B+ and AB+ was 40.8%, 28.9%, 14.5% and 9.2%, respectively. Also, the frequency of A-, B-, AB-, O- with each other was 6.5%. In control group, A+, O+, B+ and AB+ was 27.2%, 34.6%, 21% and 8.6%, respectively. The frequency of BMI in two groups was almost similar. Of 76 patients, 13.2% had hypertension and also of 81 controls, 16% had hypertension. The mean age t the first menarche for cases was 13.75 years and for controls was 13.77 years. There was significant correlation between of these variables with breast cancer incidence (P>0.05). Conclusions: Blood groups, BMI, age at the first menarche and hypertension are not singly risk factors for breast cancer incidence, but probably combination of them can increases breast cancer incidence. In our opinion, the link between of breast cancer and listed variables is unexplained.
Multidimensional models meet the semantic web: defining and reasoning on OWL-DL ontologies for OLAP

Data warehouses use a multidimensional model. Based on this model, OLAP cubes enable users to analyze data. For correct OLAP analysis, multidimensional models should be checked. In particular, these models should ensure summarizability. Checking multidimensional models and their summarizability is complex and error-prone. To perform this task, formal reasoning is appropriate. In this paper, we propose and illustrate an approach to represent a multidimensional model as an OWL-DL ontology, and reason on this ontology to check the multidimensional model and its summarizability. Beyond the reasoning capabilities of description logic, representing multidimensional models as OWL-DL ontologies is a means to move multidimensional modeling to the semantic Web. To illustrate this, we investigate the complementarities between our approach and the RDF Data Cube vocabulary, and suggest how they could be combined.
Multiple Faces Tracking Based on Relevance Vector Machine

A multiple faces tracking system was presented based on Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) and Boosting learning. At the first frame, a face detector based on AdaBoost is used to detect faces, and the face motion models and face color models are created. The face motion model consists of a set of RVMs that learn the relationship between the motion of the face and its appearance in the image, and the face color model is the 2D histogram of the face region in CrCb color space. In the tracking process, different tracking methods are used according to different states of the faces and the states are changed according to the tracking results. When the full image search condition is satisfied, a full image search is started in order to find new coming faces and former occluded faces.
Painless Semi-Supervised Morphological Segmentation using Conditional Random Fields

We discuss data-driven morphological segmentation, in which word forms are segmented into morphs, that is the surface forms of morphemes. We extend a recent segmentation approach based on conditional random fields from purely supervised to semi-supervised learning by exploiting available unsupervised segmentation techniques. We integrate the unsupervised techniques into the conditional random field model via feature set augmentation. Experiments on three diverse languages show that this straightforward semi-supervised extension greatly improves the segmentation accuracy of the purely supervised CRFs in a computationally efficient manner.
Electronic-charge displacement around a stacking boundary in SiC polytypes.

We present self-consistent pseudopotential calculations of the charge-density redistribution around an effectively isolated stacking boundary (stacking fault) and a stacking boundary in 6H SiC. The major result is that the dipole setup is not centered on the central bond but nearly on the adjacent C atom, and the disturbance to the charge density ranges about 3.5 A\r{} on either side. In light of these calculations, we interpret the magic-angle-spinning NMR data concerning the inequivalent Si and C sites, the spontaneous polarization, and the structural relaxation in SiC polytypes.