Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Similarity Based Multi-Source Transfer Learning and Its Applications

—In this paper, a novel multi-source transfer learning method based on multi-similarity ((MS)TL) is proposed. First, we measure the similarities between domains at two levels, i.e., “domain-domain” and “sample-domain”. With the multisimilarities, (MS)TL can explore more accurate relationship between the source domains and the target domain. Then, the knowledge of the source domains is transferred to the target based on the smoothness assumption, which enforces the requirement that the target classifier shares similar decision values with the relevant source classifiers on the unlabeled target samples. (MS)TL can increase the chance of finding the sources closely related to the target to reduce the “negative transfer” and also imports more knowledge from multiple sources for the target learning. Furthermore, (MS)TL only needs the pre-learned source classifiers when training the target classifier, which is suitable for large datasets. We also employ a sparsity-regularizer based on the ε-insensitive loss to enforce the sparsity of the target classifier with the support vectors only from the target domain such that the label prediction on any test sample is very fast. We also use the ε-insensitive loss function to enforce the sparsity of the decision function for fast label prediction. Validation of (MS)TL is performed with toy and real-life datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that (MS)TL can more effectively and stably enhance the learning performance. Finally, (MS)TL is also applied to the communication specific emitter identification task and the result is also satisfying.
Photophysiological Consequences of Vertical Stratification of Symbiodinium in Tissue of the Coral Porites lutea

In comparison to some corals, massive Porites spp. is physiologically resilient to environmental assaults and is becoming more abundant on coral reefs. To evaluate the extent to which thick tissues contribute to this physiological resilience, we tested the hypothesis that the Symbiodinium in Porites lutea are phenotypically and genetically homogeneous with regard to their distribution vertically within the tissue, and in their response to temperature. Symbiodinium density, genetic identity, and photophysiology were compared between outer and inner tissues defined as adjacent layers ∼2 mm thick and beneath the skeleton surface. Symbiodinium densities were 5-fold greater and their cells contained less chlorophyll a in outer versus inner tissue, but ITS2 sequence identities were genetically uniform between layers. Maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in inner and outer tissue from the top and sides of the corals differed 6%–7%, with Fv/Fm greater in inner versus outer tissue on the top of colonies. On the tops of colonies, the initial slopes of the rETR versus irradiance relationship were not different between tissue layers, although they tended to be less steep for inner tissue. When exposed for 12 h to 28 °C, 30 °C, or 32 °C at ∼700 μmol quanta m−2 s−1, there was a trend for Fv/Fm of the Symbiodinium in both tissue layers to be reduced at 32 °C. Our results do not conform well to shade acclimatization in inner versus outer tissue of P. lutea, and they imply within-tissue heterogeneity that may be an important determinant of physiological performance in perforate corals.
Batf3 transcription factor‐dependent DC subsets in murine CMV infection: Differential impact on T‐cell priming and memory inflation

Priming of CD8+ T cells specific for viruses that interfere with the MHC class I presentation pathway is a challenge for the immune system and is believed to rely on cross‐presentation. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces vigorous CD8+ T‐cell responses despite its potent immune evasion strategies. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells specific for a subset of viral epitopes accumulate and are maintained at high levels exhibiting an activated phenotype – referred to as “inflationary T cells”. Taking advantage Batf3−/− mice in which the development of cross‐presenting CD8α+ and CD103+ DCs is severely compromised, we analyzed their role in the induction and inflation of murine (M)CMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses. We found that priming of MCMV‐specific CD8+ T cells was severely impaired in the absence of cross‐presenting DCs. However, inflation of two immuno‐dominant MCMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell populations was largely normal in the absence of cross‐presenting DCs, indicating that inflation during latency was mainly dependent on direct antigen presentation. These results highlight differential antigen presentation requirements during acute and latent MCMV infection.
Efficient time-domain 3D elastic and viscoelastic full-waveform inversion using a spectral-element method on flexible Cartesian-based mesh

Viscoelastic full-waveform inversion is recognized as a challenging task for current acquisition deployment at the crustal scale. We have developed an efficient formulation based on a time-domain spectral-element method on a flexible Cartesian-based mesh. We consider anisotropic elastic coefficients and isotropic attenuation. Complete gradient expressions including the attenuation contribution spread into those of elastic components are given in a consistent way. The influence of attenuation on the P-wave velocity reconstruction is illustrated through a toy configuration. The numerical implementation of the forward problem includes efficient matrix-vector products for solving second-order elastodynamic equations for 3D geometries: An original high-order integration for topography effects is performed at nearly no extra cost. Combined adjoint and forward field recomputation from the final state and previously saved boundary values allows the estimation of misfit gradients for density, elastic parameters, and attenuation factors with no I/O efforts. Two-level parallelism is implemented over the sources and domain decomposition, which is necessary for a realistic 3D configuration. The misfit gradient preconditioning is performed by a so-called Bessel filter using an efficient differential implementation based on finite-element ingredients on the forward mesh instead of the often-used, costly convolution approach. A 3D synthetic illustration is provided on a subset ([Formula: see text]) of the SEG Advanced Modeling (SEAM) Phase II Foothills model with 4 lines of 20 sources. The structurally based Bessel filter and a simple data hierarchy strategy considering early body waves before all waves including surface waves allow a precise reconstruction of the P- and S-wavespeeds while keeping a smooth density description.
Intrusion Detection Technique based on Dendritic Cell Algorithm and Dempster Belief Theory

Today traditional intrusion detection systems are unable to detect intrusion attacks. Huge number of false alarm generated by the system results in financial loss of an organization. The unique features of artificial immune system encourage and motivate the researchers to employ this technique in variety of applications and especially in intrusion detection systems. Recently Artificial immune system (AIS) has been applied for anomaly based intrusion detection in computer networks. Artificial immune system is a new technique which is applied for solving various problems in the field of information security. In this paper we presents a intrusion detection system based on one of the algorithm of artificial immune system called the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) and Dempster–Belief Theory (DBT) in order to minimise the rate of the generation of intrusion detection system , false positive rate and improve correlation factor in the designed intrusion detection system. With the help of Dempster–Belief theory we calculate the degree of uncertainty and with the help of event gathering calculate the entropy, which help us to determine the intrusion in the given system. Data having higher entropy is regarded as the “intruder” and generate the alarm. Thus with the help of this dual detection technique we can not only minimize the false positive and false negative rate but also improved the correlation technique and decrease the intrusion rate in the system. KeywordsArtificial Immune System, intrusion detection system, human immune system, danger theory, negative selection algorithm, DCA, Dempster–Belief theory.
Towards deterministic network diagnosis

Internet fault diagnosis is important to end users, overlay network service providers (like Akamai), and Internet service providers (ISPs). For example, with Internet fault diagnosis tools, users can choose more reliable ISPs. However, The modern Internet is heterogeneous and largely unregulated, which renders the Internet diagnosis an increasingly challenging problem. Though several router-based Internet diagnosis tools have been proposed [1, 2], these tools generally need special support from routers. For example, Tulip [1] requires the routers to support continuous IP-ID for generated ICMP packets. Also these ICMP-based tools are subject to ICMP rate limiting and are sensitive to crosstraffic. In contrast, many recently-developed tools for Internet Tomography use signal processing and statistical approaches to infer link level properties [3, 4, 5, 6] or shared congestion [7] based on end-to-end measurements of IP routing paths. The advantage of statistical inference is their fine diagnosis granularity, i.e., they infer the property of each virtual link (a consecutive subpath of an IP path with no branches [5]). However, the accuracy of the predicted link properties is subject to uncertainty in the model assumptions. Since true multicast does not exist in the Internet, many mulitcast-based tomography approaches [3, 4] have to use unicast for approximation, such as [8] and [9]. Thus the accuracy of the probe measurements heavily depends on the cross traffic in the network, and there is no guarantee of their accuracy.
A 7.4 Gb/s forwarded clock receiver based on first-harmonic injection-locked oscillator using AC coupled clock multiplication unit in 0.13µm CMOS

This paper presents a forwarded clock receiver based on an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) with a simple clock multiplication unit to reduce the clock jitter and power consumption. The clock multiplication unit employs AC coupling and superposition technique to generate first-harmonic pulses. The first-harmonic injection reduces the rms and peak to peak jitter of the ILO output clock by about 0.65ps (29%) and 46.06ps (65%), respectively. The measured power efficiency of the receiver is 1.69mW/Gbps at 7.4Gb/s data rate in a 1.2V 0. 13µm CMOS process.
Content sharing on public screens: experiences through iterating social and spatial contexts

This paper describes the design and study of public urban screen applications aiming to facilitate urban dwellers to control content shown on public urban screens. Two types of content sharing are presented: aggregating existing social media content about particular locations for sharing, and sharing online videos with collocated people at a public urban screen. The paper describes an exploratory study, an observational study, as well as an interpretational study in regards to application usage and user experience. Sharing content on public urban screens can pique the curiosity of users towards collocated people and the application itself resulting in raised awareness of collocated people.
The effects of AICAR on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), has been found to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, if added at an early phase of differentiation. AICAR blocks the expression of the late adipogenic markers, fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and of the transcription factors, C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma. It also inhibits early clonal expansion of pre-adipocytes, prevents the fall in C/EBPbeta expression during the intermediate stage of differentiation and inhibits the late phase expression of CHOP-10, an antagonist of C/EBPbeta. These data suggest a possible inhibitory role for AMPK in the process of adipose differentiation and suggest that AMPK might be a target to block adipogenesis.
Radiation dose reduction in time-resolved CT angiography using highly constrained back projection reconstruction

Recently dynamic, time-resolved three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been introduced to the neurological imaging community. However, the radiation dose delivered to patients in time-resolved CTA protocol is a high and potential risk associated with the ionizing radiation dose. Thus, minimizing the radiation dose is highly desirable for time-resolved CTA. In order to reduce the radiation dose delivered during dynamic, contrast-enhanced CT applications, we introduce here the CT formulation of HighlY constrained back PRojection (HYPR) imaging. We explore the radiation dose reduction approaches of both acquiring a reduced number of projections for each image and lowering the tube current used during acquisition. We then apply HYPR image reconstruction to produce image sets at a reduced patient dose and with low image noise. Numerical phantom experiments and retrospective analysis of in vivo canine studies are used to assess the accuracy and quality of HYPR reduced dose image sets and validate our approach. Experimental results demonstrated that a factor of 6–8 times radiation dose reduction is possible when the HYPR algorithm is applied to time-resolved CTA exams.
Caveolae Signaling Complex Components into Ceramide-Enriched Clustering of DR 5 and Concentrating Death-Inducing Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Sensitizes Human Colon

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in human colon carcinomas, and its inhibition is associated with a reduction in tumorigenesis and a promotion of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the antitumor effects of COX-2 inhibitors and how COX-2 modulates apoptotic signaling have not been clearly defined. We have shown that COX-2 inhibition sensitizes human colon carcinoma cells to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)– induced apoptosis by inducing clustering of the TRAIL receptor DR5 at the cell surface and the redistribution of the death-inducing signaling complex components (DR5, FADD, and procaspase-8) into cholesterol-rich and ceramiderich domains known as caveolae. This process requires the accumulation of arachidonic acid and sequential activation of acid sphingomyelinase for the generation of ceramide within the plasma membrane outer leaflet. The current study highlights a novel mechanism to circumvent colorectal carcinoma cell resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis using COX-2 inhibitors to manipulate the lipid metabolism within the plasma membrane. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11447-58)
Microtubule-actomyosin interactions in cortical flow and cytokinesis.

Cytokinesis in animal cells is simultaneously one of the most fascinating and frustrating of cellular phenomena. The fascination stems from its precision and importance, while the frustration stems from its complexity and the wealth of apparently contradictory information about the cellular and molecular mechanisms required for proper cell division [Rappaport, 1996]. Although it is generally accepted that a cortical network of actomyosin provides the force for cell fission, and that microtubules are required for the assembly and positioning of the actomyosin network, the means by which microtubules control the actomyosin cytoskeleton is poorly understood and therefore hotly debated. Cytokinesis can be conceptually divided into three phases: cytokinetic apparatus assembly, furrow progression, and fission completion. Furrow assembly and furrow progression ensue as actomyosin becomes concentrated in the equatorial region as a result of cortical flow, the movement of cortical f-actin, myosin-2, and cell surface proteins [e.g., Wang et al., 1994] toward the site of the forming furrow. Fission completion results when the two daughter cells are completely separated, and may occur minutes to hours after the onset of furrowing. This review is concerned with the first two of these phases and, in particular, the means by which microtubules specify the assembly of the actomyosin apparatus that drives cytokinesis. Two important assumptions underlie the discussion that follows. The first is that furrowing is primarily dependent on paired arrays of microtubules rather than any special feature of the mitotic spindle. This assumption is based on the demonstration that in embryos [Rappaport, 1996], Dictyostelium [Neujahr et al., 1998], and cultured cells [Rieder et al., 1997] furrowing occurs between adjacent asters that lack an intervening spindle. Thus, neither midzone microtubules nor chromosomeassociated microtubules are required for the initiation of furrowing, although midzone microtubules are apparently required for the completion of cytokinesis [e.g., Savoian et al., 1999]. The second assumption is that while cytokinesis is normally entrained to exit from M-phase, the basic microtubule-actomyosin interactions that result in furrow assembly and progression are operative throughout much of the cell cycle. This assumption is based on both the demonstration that cytokinesis can be extended well into interphase by physical [Rappaport, 1996] or pharmacological [Martineau et al., 1995] manipulations, and that cytokinesis occurs in echinoderm embryos locked into M-phase by injection of nondegradable cyclin when the mitotic apparatus is displaced toward the cortex [Shuster and Burgess, 1999]. Thus, in our view, exit fromM-phase is important mainly insofar as it impacts the spatial relationship of microtubules with the cortex. If these assumptions are accepted, then rules established for microtubule-actomyosin interactions in interphase cells
Comparison of the ipsi‐lateral versus contra‐lateral retrograde approach of percutaneous coronary interventions in chronic total occlusions

Retrograde recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) via contralateral (CL) collateral connections (CCs) is successful in 60–70% of patients in whom conventional antegrade approach fails or is unpromising. This study describes our experience with retrograde CTO‐PCI via ipsi‐lateral (IL) CCs in patients with unfavorable CL CCs.
SmartV: Intelligent vigilance monitoring based on sensor fusion and driving dynamics

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) pose a public health and development challenge and greatly affect the human capital development of every nation. Main causes for a significant percentage of RTAs are recklessness, fatigue or stress, inexperienced driving and driving under the influence of alcohol. Reputed automobile companies and authorities have established standards and/or proactive/reactive solutions over the years to overcome this problem but the rates continue to grow each year. Software solutions that focus on preventing RTAs are difficult to be found in economy class automobiles that are used by the majority of consumers. The limited number of successful applications are either bound to a certain brand/model and/or focus on a specific task. SmartV is smart phone based vigilance monitoring system that focuses on the majority of factors contributing to RTAs. These include DUI (driving under the influence of alcohol), health issues and vehicle defects. The mobile application communicates with a heart rate monitor and a Bluetooth OBDII Adapter. These will continuously monitor the heart rate of the driver and the status of the vehicle respectively. During the course of the drive, the system monitors the behavior of the vehicle for existence of dangerous driving patterns that are defined in Visual Detection of DWI Motorists[8] a study conducted by U.S.A. N.H. T.S. A. The final product is a versatile, non-intrusive, flexible and most importantly an affordable mobile application that captures the vehicle's behavior, the health level of the driver and the status of the vehicle. Real environment operation of SmartV has yielded significant results proving itself to be a successful and an affordable Vigilance Monitoring System for the future.
High resolution motion layer decomposition using dual-space graph cuts

We introduce a novel energy minimization method to decompose a video into a set of super-resolved moving layers. The proposed energy corresponds to the cost of coding the sequence. It consists of a data term and two terms imposing regularity of the geometry and the intensity of each layer. In contrast to existing motion layer methods, we perform graph cut optimization in the (dual) layer space to determine which layer is visible at which video position. In particular, we show how arising higher-order terms can be accounted for by a generalization of alpha expansions. Moreover, our model accurately captures long-term temporal consistency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which aims at modeling details of the image formation process (such as camera blur and downsampling) in the context of motion layer decomposition. The experimental results demonstrate that energy minimization leads to a reconstruction of a video in terms of a superposition of multiple high-resolution motion layers.
Forkhead Foxe3 maps to the dysgenetic lens locus and is critical in lens development and differentiation

Summary: Here we report the isolation of a novel forkhead gene, Foxe3, that plays an important role in lens formation. During development Foxe3 is expressed in all undifferentiated lens tissues, and is turned off upon fiber cell differentiation. Foxe3 maps to a chromosomal region containing the dysgenetic lens (dyl) mutation. Mice homozygous for dyl display several defects in lens development. dyl mice also show altered patterns of crystallin expression suggesting a dysregulation of lens differentiation. We have identified mutations in Foxe3 that cosegregate with the dyl phenotype and are a likely cause of the mutant phenotype. Head ectoderm expression of Foxe3 is absent in Rx−/− and Small eye embryos indicating that Rx and Pax6 activity are necessary for Foxe3 expression. genesis 27:81–93, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Carnian pluvial episode (Late Triassic): new insights into this important time of global environmental and biological change

In May 2017, in the delightful town of Delmenhorst (Lower Saxony, Germany), the first meeting on the Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was hosted by the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Institute for Advanced Study. This was a milestone event. For the first time researchers from around the world met to discuss this still poorly known episode of early Late Triassic global environmental and biological change. This thematic set originates from discussions at this first meeting, and includes state-of-the-art research on the CPE, with the most recent discoveries on the complex phenomena that happened during this fascinating interval in Earth's history.
A multi-classifier system for text categorization

Text categorization, the assignment of text documents to one or more pre-defined categories, is one of the most intensely researched text mining tasks. The task may be subdivided into two main parts: the representation of the text documents by some form of a numerical vector space, and the application of a suitable supervised learning technique. This research is focused on the second part of the problem. The work presented in this paper proposes the construction of a classification model for each of the (pre-defined) categories or themes present in a corpus using a term-frequency based 'keyword' identification and document scoring technique. The documents misclassified by each of these (category-specific) classifier models are then re-classified with the help of the other models. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by experiments on two publicly available BBC News corpuses. Good classification accuracy is observed for each of the two corpuses. Specifically, the macro-averaged and micro-averaged F-measures of the proposed method (on evaluation the dataset) for the BBC Sports corpus are 94.7% and 94.3% respectively.