Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Super-Diffusive Behavior of Mobile Nodes from Mobility Traces

Mobility is the most important component in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) . In this paper, we first investigate numerous GPS mobility traces for various mobile nodes and observe super-diffusive behavior in all GPS traces, which is characterized by a faster-than-linear growth rate of the mean square displacement (MSD) of a mobile node. We show that current synthetic mobility models are unable to produce various degrees of diffusive behavior, and propose to use a set of Ĺevy walk models as an alternative. We also investigate a large amount of access point (AP) based traces and then develop a theoretical framework built upon continuous time random walk (CTRW) formalism, in which one can identify the degree of diffusive behavior of mobile nodes even under possibly heavy-tailed pause time distribution, as in the case of reality. We demonstrate the utility of MSD in that it remains largely unaffected by measurement errors, under which other statistic al information could be severely altered. In addition, our simple simulation using epidemic routing protocol suggests that the diffusive behavior of mobile nodes should be correctly captured and taken into account for the design and comparison study of network protocols.
A controlabilidade da extracção do gist : explicando um processo difuso

The two main explanatory theories of false memories obtained through the DRM paradigm (Deese, 1959, Roediger & McDermott, 1995) are the activation-monitoring approach (e.g. Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001) and the fuzzy-trace theory (e.g. Brainerd & Reyna, 2002). While the activation-monitoring explanation is based on the effect of an automatic process of spreading activation, the fuzzy-trace theory proposes the extraction of a thematic gist trace as the main process responsible for the false memory effect. However, unlike the activation-monitoring approach, fuzzy-trace theory does not explain this process objectively and is not clear about it's automatic or controlled nature. Two experiments that will allow to test this issue will be proposed. In Experiment 1 the DRM paradigm with categorical lists will be applied, manipulating the study-rate and the presentation of the category theme or the theme of an ad hoc category (Barsalou, 1983) as a cue before each study list, and adding to the recognition test exemplars of the ad hoc categories (used in the study fase) as unrelated distractors. In Experiment 2, a further manipulation will be added: presentation of the theme (from the list vs. ad hoc) during the testing phase. If the gist extraction is a controlled and strategic process it should be expected false recognition of unrelated distractors (related to the ad hoc categories' themes used as cues during study) on the condition of slow study-rate (being the time-dependence a characteristic of controlled processes) (Exp. 1) and it should not be expected that subjects will recode the gist extracted with a slow rate study from the thematic cue given at test (Exp. 2), since a robust gist trace was already coded. The implications of these results for the definition of gist and its extraction process in the context of false memories will be briefly discussed.
Adaptive control of the active power of an electric arc furnace

The electric arc furnaces are a very large power load, determining the negative effects on the power quality (harmonics currents, unbalanced load, and reactive power). For a maximum efficiency of the power consumption it is necessary to use an automat system of electrodes position control, in order to obtain a high value of power factor and a maximum efficiency. In this paper is present an adaptive method for process control for an Electric Arc Furnace. The method was validate using simulation.
ATTILA: a cycle-level execution-driven simulator for modern GPU architectures

The present work presents a cycle-level execution-driven simulator for modern GPU architectures. We discuss the simulation model used for our GPU simulator, based in the concept of boxes and signals, and the relation between the timing simulator and the functional emulator. The simulation model we use helps to increase the accuracy and reduce the number of errors in the timing simulator while allowing for an easy extensibility of the simulated GPU architecture. We also introduce the OpenGL framework used to feed the simulator with traces from real applications (UT2004, Doom3) and a performance debugging tool (Signal Trace Visualizer). The presented ATTILA simulator supports the simulation of a whole range of GPU configurations and architectures, from the embedded segment to the high end PC segment, supporting both the unified and non unified shader architectural models.
Apoptosis induced by hypertonicity in Madin Darley canine kidney cells: protective effect of betaine.

BACKGROUND In mammals, the renal medulla is in a hypertonic environment related to the renal concentrating mechanism. Renal cells accumulate osmolytes such as betaine to protect cells from the perturbing effect of high concentration of electrolytes. Hypertonicity-induced cell death and the effect of betaine were investigated in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. METHODS Cell viability was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazo-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. DNA fragmentation was determined by FACS analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and agarose gel electrophoresis. Activities of caspase-1, -3, -8, and -9 were measured. RESULT When the cells were exposed to 700 mOsm medium for 24 h, 40% of the cells were detached. TUNEL staining showed that about 20% of detached cells were apoptotic, indicating that both necrosis and apoptosis contributed to the hypertonicity-induced cell death in MDCK cells. DNA laddering was demonstrated in hypertonic cells. Caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities of the adherent cells exposed to 700 mOsm for 24 h increased approximately 20-, 3-, and 4-fold the value of isotonic cells, respectively. However, there was no significant change in caspase-1 activity. Addition of 1 mM betaine into the medium protected the cells against the hypertonicity-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Betaine prevented the induction of caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities after hypertonic exposure to about 50%. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that (i) apoptosis is involved in the hypertonicity-induced cell death in MDCK cells; (ii) caspase-3, -8, and -9 may contribute to the apoptosis; and (iii) betaine has protective effect on the hypertonicity-induced apoptosis.
A survey on P2P streaming clients: looking at the end-user

Internet home users -- through the diffusion of xDSL connections -- represent the potential market of IPTV channels that Content Generators may distribute at reduced costs thanks to Peer To Peer (P2P). This work describes the state of the art of P2P streaming clients and poses some questions about the end-user perspective which is still a non-trivial problem: expectations, content popularity, system's responsiveness and requirements. To this aim, a set of experiments has been performed on a successful P2P system. The new trend seems to investigate flexible solutions in order to get closer to the user's needs and requirements. Unexpected cross-layer optimisations may overcome, like the synergic effect integrating video encoding techniques in a P2P environment. This work is aimed at getting a better comprehension of the issues and metrics that have to be considered in the design of P2P streaming applications.
Towards Habitable Bits: Digitizing the Built Environment

Recently, there has been a growing number of research efforts aimed at the digitization of architectural space. Whereas conventional attempts at integrating digital technology into architectural space have typically viewed architecture as an inflexible backdrop onto which layers of digital devices/services/information can be overlaid, the newly emerging efforts instead strive to inject architecture itself with the distinct plasticity of digital bits. In this paper, we will first provide a review of this nascent body of work, weaving together the disparate streaks of technical development into a consilient research trajectory that can be interpreted as a modern-day extension to Weiser's original vision of Ubiquitous Computing. Next we turn to the two decades' worth of criticisms raised against the UbiComp ideal, to expose what perspectives are missing from the fledgling efforts, and to identify the roles the HCI community can play in shaping the future of this promising line of work.
Kinematic analysis of a 3-UPU parallel robot using the Ostrowski-Homotopy continuation

The direct kinematics analysis is the foundation of implementation of real world application of parallel manipulators. For most parallel manipulators the direct kinematics is challenging. In this paper, for the first time a fast and efficient Homotopy Continuation Method, called the Ostrowski Homotopy continuation method has been implemented to solve the direct and inverse kinematics problem of the parallel manipulators. This method has advantage over conventional numerical iteration methods, which is not rely on the initial values and is more efficient than other continuation method and it can find all solutions of equations without divergence just by changing auxiliary Homotopy function. Numerical example and simulation was done to solve the direct kinematic problem of the 3-UPU parallel manipulator that leads to 16 real solutions. Results obviously reveal the fastness and effectiveness of this method than the conventional Homotopy continuation methods such as Newton Homotopy. The results shows that the Ostrowski-Homotopy reduces computation time up to 80-97 % with more accuracy in solutions in comparison with the Newton Homotopy.
Indicators for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: a pan‐European study

Summary 1. In many European agricultural landscapes, species richness is declining considerably. Studies performed at a very large spatial scale are helpful in understanding the reasons for this decline and as a basis for guiding policy. In a unique, large-scale study of 25 agricultural landscapes in seven European countries, we investigated relationships between species richness in several taxa, and the links between biodiversity and landscape structure and management. 2. We estimated the total species richness of vascular plants, birds and five arthropod groups in each 16-km 2 landscape, and recorded various measures of both landscape structure and intensity of agricultural land use. We studied correlations between taxonomic groups and the effects of landscape and land-use parameters on the number of species in different taxonomic groups. Our statistical approach also accounted for regional variation in species richness unrelated to landscape or land-use factors. 3. The results reveal strong geographical trends in species richness in all taxonomic groups. No single species group emerged as a good predictor of all other species groups. Species richness of all groups increased with the area of semi-natural habitats in the landscape. Species richness of birds and vascular plants was negatively associated with fertilizer use. 4. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that indicator taxa are unlikely to provide an effective means of predicting biodiversity at a large spatial scale, especially where there is large biogeographical variation in species richness. However, a small list of landscape and land-use parameters can be used in agricultural landscapes to infer large-scale patterns of species richness. Our results suggest that to halt the loss of biodiversity in these landscapes, it is important to preserve and, if possible, increase the area of semi-natural habitat.
The Organization of Impromptu Essays

According to a recent survey, top and mid-level managers admit that one of the four main difficulties that beset them in their writing is "inability to organize content. " Yet another survey reports that of weaknesses found by college teachers of composition in freshman writing, inability to organize essays falls sixteenth, after, for instance, failure to proofread and over-use of the passive. 1 This gap between what students will need to be able to do on the job and what teachers think students need appears even more serious when one looks at how the teachers worded this sixteenth weakness: "Students are aware of only one organizational pattern-the five-paragraph theme. " Five paragraphs, of course, are not necessarily a pattern of organization at all, but rather a stylistic uniform. As we shall see, college freshmen, even writing impromptu on the second day of class, actually generate a variety of good organizational patterns. The implication is that writing teachers do not distinguish extended patterns in student writing very readily. This is an ungenerous conclusion, though later I will offer more support for it, and I hasten to say that college students often make their organization hard to see. Researchers, too, have not helped teachers here, and not one piece of research can be found even naming the sorts of organization that students do use for whole essays. Basic information seems called for. Such, at least, is all my essay here pretends to offer. First I will describe a classification of organizational patterns for whole essays and a method by which both teachers and researchers may use it to analyze student essays. Then I will report the results of such an analysis applied to a controlled study of underclass writing. Since this study distinguishes freshman, sophomore, junior, and competent adult levels of achievement, I can conclude with recommendations for teachers that are not wholly intuitive.
Do Infants Really Expect Agents to Act Efficiently? A Critical Test of the Rationality Principle

Recent experiments have suggested that infants’ expectations about the actions of agents are guided by a principle of rationality: In particular, infants expect agents to pursue their goals efficiently, expending as little effort as possible. However, these experiments have all presented infants with infrequent or odd actions, which leaves the results open to alternative interpretations and makes it difficult to determine whether infants possess a general expectation of efficiency. We devised a critical test of the rationality principle that did not involve infrequent or odd actions. In two experiments, 16-month-olds watched events in which an agent faced two identical goal objects; although both objects could be reached by typical, everyday actions, one object was physically (Experiment 1) or mentally (Experiment 2) more accessible than the other. In both experiments, infants expected the agent to select the more-accessible object. These results provide new evidence that infants possess a general and robust expectation of efficiency.
Inkjet‐Printed PEDOT:PSS Electrodes on Paper for Electrocardiography

Inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS electrodes are shown to record cutaneous electrophysiological signals such as electrocardiograms via a simple finger-to-electrode contact. The recordings are of high quality and show no deterioration over a 3 month period, paving the way for the development of the next generation of low-cost, convenient-to-use healthcare monitoring devices.
Nurses’ Use of Clinical Decision Support: A Literature Review

Little is known regarding nurses’ usage of clinical decision support systems. A review of the literature was conducted to understand the extant knowledge surrounding the topic of nurses’ usage of clinical decision support systems. The common themes that emerged from the review of literature on clinical decision support systems usage by nurses include (1) nurse factors affecting usage, (2) patient factors affecting usage, (3) technology and design factors affecting usage, and (4) organizational factors affecting usage. Two major implications are that these systems may not be designed to support nursing practice and may not be having the intended effect on patient care and quality.
Secure low energy AODV protocol for wireless sensor networks

Recently, a tremendous interest has been concentrated on the design and development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) — distributed systems comprised of numerous wireless, sensor devices deployed densely in a sensing area. Battery powered sensors need efficient management due to limited energy resources, and energy conservation is a vital design issue that needs to be boosted in order to increase the lifetime of a network. The main contribution of this paper is the design and implementation in testbed networks an energy aware routing protocol SLE-AODV for secure communication in a wide area WSN. SLE-AODV is developed based upon Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). It encrypts transmitted data using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The results of experiments conducted in the laboratory confirm significant energy savings that lead to a network lifetime increase.
Security Threats in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an emerging technology that shows great promise for various futuristic applications both for mass public and military. The sensing technology combined with processing power and wireless communication makes it lucrative for being exploited in abundance in fu ture. Wireless sensor networks are characterized by severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are currently receiving significant attention due to their unlimi ted potential. However, it is still very early in the l ifetime of such systems and many research challenges exist. This paper studies the security aspects of these networks.
A Comparative Analysis of Clone Detection Tools: Solid SDD and CCFinderX

There are several tools available for code clones detection and removal. Over the last few years much research has been done on assessment of these tools. Every tool has its efficiencies and deficiencies which researchers tried to evaluate. But the imperative point that we observed while analyzing these assessments is that there is no benchmark defined in this context so far. There is no clear picture that depicts which tool is better than the other and why? This paper is a contribution in this scaffold. Two clone detection tools SolidSDD and CCFinderX are evaluated and a comparison of these two is on hand here. Some experiments are performed on an open source software i.e. VLC media player, and it is revealed how different clone detection tools provide different results when study the same system. Reasons for these variations in results are endeavor to find out at this juncture. General Terms Code cloning, clone detection
Psi, perception without awareness and False Recognition

This article describes 2 experiments aimed at bringing comparisons between perception without awareness (PWA) and psi up to date. Experiment la is a replication of an established effect in the field of PWA. Participants ( aged 17-39 yrs) were presented with a list of nouns before taking part in an old/new recognition test. If a new test word was preceded by a biasing stimulus consisting of the same word for 50 ms, participants tended to classify the new word as "old. " This is known as the false recognition effect. Experiment lb attempted to obtain a similar effect using psi as a biasing stimulus. Random new words were displayed to a sender, who attempted to induce false recognition in the receiver by influencing them to respond "old. " No significant effect was found, although a nonsignificant gender interaction was observed. Results are discussed and future directions are suggested.
Reformatting Rituximab into Human IgG2 and IgG4 Isotypes Dramatically Improves Apoptosis Induction In Vitro

The direct induction of cell death, or apoptosis, in target cells is one of the effector mechanisms for the anti CD20 antibody Rituximab. Here we provide evidence that Rituximab’s apoptotic ability is linked to the antibody IgG isotype. Reformatting Rituximab from the standard human IgG1 heavy chain into IgG2 or IgG4 boosted in vitro apoptosis induction in the Burkitt’s lymphoma B cell line Ramos five and four-fold respectively. The determinants for this behavior are located in the hinge region and CH1 domain of the heavy chain. By transplanting individual IgG2 or IgG4 specific amino acid residues onto otherwise IgG1 like backbones, thereby creating hybrid antibodies, the same enhancement of apoptosis induction could be achieved. The cysteines at position 131 of the CH1 domain and 219 in the hinge region, involved in IgG2 and IgG4 disulfide formation, were found to be of particular structural importance. Our data indicates that the hybrid antibodies possess a different CD20 binding mode than standard Rituximab, which appears to be key in enhancing apoptotic ability. The presented work opens up an interesting engineering route for enhancing the direct cytotoxic ability of therapeutic antibodies.
Ionic Basis for Plateau Potentials in Deep Dorsal Horn Neurons of the Rat Spinal Cord

Approximately 28% of dorsal horn neurons (DHNs) in lamina V of the rat spinal cord generate voltage-dependent plateau potentials underlying accelerating discharges and prolonged afterdischarges in response to steady current pulses or stimulation of nociceptive primary afferent fibers. Using intracellular recordings in a transverse slice preparation of the cervical spinal cord, we have analyzed the ionic mechanisms involved in the generation and maintenance of plateau potentials in lamina V DHNs. Both the accelerating discharges and afterdischarges were reversibly blocked by Mn2+ and enhanced when Ca2+ was substituted with Ba2+. The underlying tetrodotoxin-resistant regenerative depolarization was sensitive to dihydropyridines, being blocked by nifedipine and enhanced by Bay K 8644. Substitution of extracellular Na+ withN-methyl-d-glucamine or choline strongly decreased the duration of the plateau potential. Loading the neurons with the calcium chelator BAPTA did not change the initial response but clearly decreased the maximum firing frequency and the duration of the afterdischarge. A similar effect was obtained with flufenamate, a specific blocker of the calcium-activated nonspecific cation current (ICAN). We conclude that the plateau potential of deep DHNs is supported by both Ca2+ influx through intermediate-threshold voltage-gated calcium channels of the L-type and by subsequent activation of a can current. Ca2+ influx during the plateau is potentially of importance for pain integration and the associated sensitization in spinal cord.