Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of centrality for the identification of influential spreaders in complex networks

The identification of the most influential spreaders in networks is important to control and understand the spreading capabilities of the system as well as to ensure an efficient information diffusion such as in rumor-like dynamics. Recent works have suggested that the identification of influential spreaders is not independent of the dynamics being studied. For instance, the key disease spreaders might not necessarily be so when it comes to analyze social contagion or rumor propagation. Additionally, it has been shown that different metrics (degree, coreness, etc) might identify different influential nodes even for the same dynamical processes with diverse degree of accuracy. In this paper, we investigate how nine centrality measures correlate with the disease and rumor spreading capabilities of the nodes that made up different synthetic and real-world (both spatial and non-spatial) networks. We also propose a generalization of the random walk accessibility as a new centrality measure and derive analytical expressions for the latter measure for simple network configurations. Our results show that for non-spatial networks, the $k$-core and degree centralities are most correlated to epidemic spreading, whereas the average neighborhood degree, the closeness centrality and accessibility are most related to rumor dynamics. On the contrary, for spatial networks, the accessibility measure outperforms the rest of centrality metrics in almost all cases regardless of the kind of dynamics considered. Therefore, an important consequence of our analysis is that previous studies performed in synthetic random networks cannot be generalized to the case of spatial networks.
Phonetic and Temporal Titration of the Dichotic Right Ear Effect.

Twenty-four female subjects were used to study the effect of alignment on dichotic listening. The alignment was accomplished by using the microstructure landmarks of: onset, transition, V-O-T, boundary, and their combinations in the 12 CV's chosen. The synthetic CV syllables were two representations each of ba, pa, da, ta, ga, and ka. The two representations differed only in V-O-T. Voiced items had V-O-T's of +30 and 0 msecs while V-O-T's of voiceless items were -60 and -90 msecs. Results showed: 1. Right ear identification was always more accurate; differences between ears were greatest with simultaneous onset alignments. 2. Intelligibility was depressed when transitions were aligned. 3. Laterality effects and intelligibility were not correlated. 4. Items whose "boundaries"* trailed were more intelligible than any other trailing items. *Release for voiced items, V-O-T for voiceless items.
Why is group size correlated with the size of the host sea anemone in the false clown anemonefish

When social groups monopolize discrete habitat patches, group size may be positively correlated with patch size. The correlation can be a direct consequence of limited resources. Alternatively, it can be an indirect consequence of patch-size effects on a dominant group member. We asked which of these two mechanisms was responsible for a positive correlation between the group size of false clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier in Cuvier and Va- lenciennes, 1830) and that of the host sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea (Forskal, 1775). We argue that some false clown anemonefish groups may have reached the carrying capacities of their hosts, but that the group size : patch size correlation in the population as a whole is best interpreted as an indirect consequence of a positive relationship be- tween anemone size and the length of the dominant group member. The dominant's length in turn limits group size be- cause dominant group members inhibit the growth of their subordinates. Thus, a correlation between group size and patch size need not imply resource limitation of subordinate group members.
Coulomb interaction in oxygen \textit{p}-shell in LDA+U method and its influence on calculated spectral and magnetic properties of transition metal oxides

Coulomb interaction between electrons on p-orbitals of oxygen atom in strongly correlated compounds is not negligible, since its value (U_p) has comparable order of magnitude with the value of Coulomb interaction on d-orbitals of transition metal atom (U_d). We investigate the effect of taking into account Coulomb correlations in oxygen p-shell in addition to the correlations in the transition metal d-shell in frame of the LDA+U method. Our calculations for NiO, MnO and La2CuO4 show that this additional correction in general improves the agreement with experimental data for the spectral (energy gap values, relative position of the main peaks in X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Bremsstrahlung isohromate spectroscopy (BIS)) and magnetic properties (magnetic moment values and intersite exchange interaction parameters values).
Glial and endothelial blood-retinal barrier responses to amyloid-β in the neural retina of the rat

The effects of an intravitreal or subretinal injection of soluble or aggregated forms of Aβ1–42 on retinal nestin-immunoreactivity (−IR) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IR in astrocytes and Müller glial cells and the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) were tested in the in vivo rat vitreal-retinal model. Retinas were exposed for 1, 2, 3, 5 or 30 days. We present novel data demonstrating that aggregated Aβ1–42 up-regulates nestin-IR in astrocytes and Müller cells, with a graded response directly related to the length of pre-injection aggregation time. Similar results were obtained with GFAP-IR, but the signal was weaker. An intravitreal injection of aggregated Aβ1–42 led to VEGF-IR up-regulation, particularly in the GCL and to a lesser extent in the INL. VEGFR1-IR (Flt1) was also increased, particularly in Müller cells and this was accompanied by marked leakage of albumin into the retinal parenchyma of the injected eye, but not in the contralateral eye.
Mapping Temporal ER Diagrams to Relational Schemas

Many database applications manage information that varies over time, and most of the database schemas for these applications were designed using one of the several versions of the Entity-Relationship (ER) model. In the research community as well as in industry, it is common knowledge that temporal aspects of data are pervasive and important to the applications, but are also difficult to capture using the ER model. The research community has developed temporal ER models, in an attempt to provide modeling constructs that more naturally and elegantly support capturing the temporal aspects. Specifically, the temporal models provide enhanced support for capturing aspects such as lifespans, valid time, and transaction time of data. Because commercial database management systems support neither the ER model nor any temporal ER model as a model for data manipulation—but rather support various versions of the relational model for this purpose—we provide a two-step transformation from temporal ER diagrams, with built-in support for lifespans and valid and transaction time, to relational schemas. The first step of the algorithm translates a temporal ER diagram into relations in a surrogate-based relational target model; and the second step further translates this relational schema into a schema in a lexically-based relational target model.
Neural model of stereoacuity and depth interpolation based on a distributed representation of stereo disparity [published erratum appears in J Neurosci 1991 Mar;11(3):following Table of Contents]

We have developed a model for the representation of stereo disparity by a population of neurons that is based on tuning curves similar in shape to those measured physiologically (Poggio and Fischer, 1977). Signal detection analysis was applied to the model to generate predictions of depth discrimination thresholds. Agreement between the model and human psychophysical data was possible in this model only when the population size representing disparity in a small patch of visual field was in the range of about 20-200 units. Interval encoding and rate encoding were found to be inconsistent with these data. Psychophysical data on stereo interpolation (Westheimer, 1986a) suggest that there are short-range excitatory and long-range inhibitory interactions between disparity- tuned units at nearby spatial locations. We extended our population model of disparity coding at a single spatial location to include such lateral interactions. When there was a small disparity gradient between stimuli at 2 locations, units in the intermediate, unstimulated position developed a pattern of activity corresponding to the average of the 2 lateral disparities. When there was a large disparity gradient, units at the intermediate position developed a pattern of activity corresponding to an independent superposition of the 2 lateral disparities, so that both disparities were represented simultaneously. This mixed population pattern may underlie the perception of depth discontinuities and transparent surfaces. Similar types of distributed representations may be applicable to other parameters, such as orientation, motion, stimulus size, and motor coordinates.
Adaptive Online Parameter Tuning Using Genetic Algorithms

A common practice is to design a controller by plant observations (i.e. experiments) and to optimize some of its parameters by trial-and-error. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm for the automation of the search procedure and its implementation on a programmable logic controller. The details of this implementation will be discussed along with an example one carried out for the control of a plant simulation problem introduced by Eastman Chemical Co. The advantage of such an approach consists of automating the search for a good solution. Moreover the genetic algorithm can be easily programmed in the PLC and reused for different plants with the only need of string encoding and fitness evaluation reprogramming.
On the rate of convergence of continuous-time linear positive systems with heterogeneous time-varying delays

In this work, a set of conditions are presented for establishing exponential stability and bounds on the convergence rates of both general and positive linear systems with heterogeneous time-varying delays. First, a sufficient condition for delay-independent exponential stability of general linear systems is derived. When the time delays have a known upper bound, we present an explicit expression that bounds the decay rate of the system. We demonstrate that the best decay rate that our bound can guarantee can be easily found via convex optimization techniques. Finally, for positive linear systems, we show that the stability condition that we have developed is also necessary. The validity of the results is demonstrated via numerical examples.
A Head-Mounted Spectacle Frame for the Study of Mouse Lens-Induced Myopia

The mouse model has been widely employed to explore the mysteries of myopia. For now, existing techniques for induction of experimental myopia in mice can be classified into three types: (1) devices directly glued to the fur; (2) devices attached using a combination of glue and sutures; (3) devices attached using a skull-mounted apparatus. These techniques each have its advantages, disadvantages when considering the devices stability, safety, complexity, effectiveness, and so forth. Thus, techniques for myopia induction in mice have yet to be further refined to popularize the applications. In this pilot study, we introduce a new head fixation device named the head-mounted spectacle frame apparatus for the study of mouse lens-induced myopia. Surgical procedures for device attachment were relatively simple and easy to learn in our study. Effective myopia induction was validated by retinoscopy refraction and axial length measurement using optical coherence tomography. In addition, it showed improved compliance and reliable safety when compared to the published methods. The head-mounted spectacle frame apparatus provides a new choice for the study of lens-induced myopia in mouse. It also allows for the use of form deprivation, making it attractive for future experimental mouse myopia trials.
Financial Literacy in Women Empowerment

This study aims to examine financial literacy in women empowerment as awareness of this issue initially emerged due to the global economic crisis which occurred between 2007 and 2010. One of the causes of the financial crisis, in addition to overlapping policies and greed, was the prevalence of financial illiteracy that had ultimately led some to wrong decision making in financial matters. The impact of making wrong decisions will affect the future state (situation) of national economy. Through financial literacy, individuals included within the poorest category in economic terms, are expected to be given proper guidance and financial information so that they become empowered, meaning that they will use the guidance and information they have to improve their financial situation. Financial literacy can be a tool for achieving social justice through empowerment, which subsequently relates to women empowerment. The empowerment of women has been conducted expansively across the globe, and one of the attempts is through microfinance. This study uses literature study as its methodology and it concludes that financial literacy can also be considered as a reference to participate in supporting the success of empowering women through microfinance activities.
A novel chromosome 19p13.12 deletion in a child with multiple congenital anomalies

We describe a patient with multiple congenital anomalies including deafness, lacrimal duct stenosis, strabismus, bilateral cervical sinuses, congenital cardiac defects, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, and hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. Mutation analysis of EYA1, SIX1, and SIX5, genes that underlie otofaciocervical and/or branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome, was negative. Pathologic diagnosis of the excised cervical sinus tracts was revised on re‐examination to heterotopic salivary gland tissue. Using high resolution chromosomal microarray analysis, we identified a novel 2.52 Mb deletion at 19p13.12, which was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization and demonstrated to be a de novo mutation by testing of the parents. Overall, deletions of chromosome 19p13 are rare. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiresolution feature extraction for pairwise classification of hyperspectral data

Prediction of landcover type from airborne/spaceborne sensors is an important classification problem in remote sensing. Due to advances in sensor technology, it is now possible to acquire hyperspectral data simultaneously in more than 100 bands, each of which measures the integrated response of a target over a narrow window of the electromagnetic spectrum. The bands are ordered by their wavelengths and spectrally adjacent bands are generally statistically correlated. Using such high dimensional data for classification of landcover potentially provides greatly improved results. However, it is necessary to select bands that provide the best possible discrimination among the classes of interest. In this paper, we propose an efficient top-down multiresolution class-dependent feature extraction algorithm for hyperspectral data to be used with a pairwise classification scheme. First, the C class problem is divided into (C2) two class problems. Features for each pair of classes are extracted independently. The algorithm decomposes the bands recursively into groups of adjacent bands (subspaces) in a top-down fashion. The features extracted are specific to the pair of classes that are being distinguished and exploit the ordering information in the hyperspectral data. Experiments on a 183 band AVIRIS data set for a 12 class problem show significant improvements in both classification accuracies and the number of features required for all 66 pairs of classes.
HERSCHEL REVEALS MASSIVE COLD CLUMPS IN NGC 7538

We present the first overview of the Herschel observations of the nearby high-mass star-forming region NGC 7538, taken as part of the Herschel imaging study of OB young stellar objects (HOBYS) Key Programme. These PACS and SPIRE maps cover an approximate area of one square degree at five submillimeter and far-infrared wavebands. We have identified 780 dense sources and classified 224 of those. With the intention of investigating the existence of cold massive starless or class 0-like clumps that would have the potential to form intermediate- to high-mass stars, we further isolate 13 clumps as the most likely candidates for follow-up studies. These 13 clumps have masses in excess of 40 M☉ and temperatures below 15 K. They range in size from 0.4 pc to 2.5 pc and have densities between 3 × 103 cm−3 and 4 × 104 cm−3. Spectral energy distributions are then used to characterize their energetics and evolutionary state through a luminosity–mass diagram. NGC 7538 has a highly filamentary structure, previously unseen in the dust continuum of existing submillimeter surveys. We report the most complete imaging to date of a large, evacuated ring of material in NGC 7538 which is bordered by many cool sources.
On the unification of syntactic annotations under the Stanford dependency scheme: A case study on BioInfer and GENIA

Several incompatible syntactic annotation schemes are currently used by parsers and corpora in biomedical information extraction. The recently introduced Stanford dependency scheme has been suggested to be a suitable unifying syntax formalism. In this paper, we present a step towards such unification by creating a conversion from the Link Grammar to the Stanford scheme. Further, we create a version of the BioInfer corpus with syntactic annotation in this scheme. We present an application-oriented evaluation of the transformation and assess the suitability of the scheme and our conversion to the unification of the syntactic annotations of BioInfer and the GENIA Treebank. We find that a highly reliable conversion is both feasible to create and practical, increasing the applicability of both the parser and the corpus to information extraction.
Bidirectional Hu man

Under what conditions can Huuman codes be eeciently decoded in both directions? The usual decoding procedure works also for backward decoding only if the code has the aax property, i.e., both preex and suux properties. Some aax Huuman codes are exhibited, and necessary conditions for the existence of such codes are given. An algorithm is presented which, for a given set of codeword lengths, constructs an aax code, if there exists one. Since for many distributions there is no aax code giving the same compression as the Huuman code, a new algorithm for backward decoding of non-aax Huuman codes is presented, and its worst case complexity is proved to be linear in the length of the encoded text.
Efficient and Feasible Methods to Detect Sybil Attack in VANET

Large scale node to node systems face security threats from malfunction or hostile remote computing elements. Node to node system commonly relies on the existence of multiple independent remote entities to mitigate the threat of hostile nodes. Sometime single faulty node can produce various identities leading to control of substantial fraction of the system. These attacks are called Sybil attacks. Since few years, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks deserve much attention. VANET is a technology that uses moving cars as nodes in network to create a mobile network it turns every participating car into a wireless router or nodes, allowing cars approximately hundred to three hundred meters of each other to connect and in turn, create a network with a wide range. The development of wireless communication in VANET implies to take into account the need of security. In VANET, many attacks rely on having the attacker generate multiple identities to simulate multiple nodes. The recent gain of interest for wireless communication in Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) implies an always increasing number of applications in this kind of network. All these applications need to exchange data with other vehicles. The communication security problem must be taken into account due to the critical goal of safety related applications such as emergency brake. Moreover, due to the limited communication range of a vehicle, the cooperation between nodes is essential. This necessity of cooperation shows the vulnerability of these networks and Mukul Saini et al 432 the need of fake nodes detection. In this paper we are checking Sybil attacks in VANET by power level of signal coming from same node.
AC-Net: Assessing the Consistency of Description and Permission in Android Apps

With Android applications (apps) becoming increasingly popular, there exist huge risks lurking in the app marketplaces as most malicious software attempt to collect users’ private information without their awareness. Although these apps request users’ authorization for permissions, the users can still face privacy leakage issues due to their limited knowledge in distinguishing permissions. Thus, accurate and automatic permission checking is necessary and important for users’ privacy protection. According to previous studies, analyzing app descriptions is a helpful way to examine whether some permissions are required for apps. Different from those studies, we consider app permissions from a more fine-grained perspective and aim at predicting the multiple correspondent permissions to one sentence of app description. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework for assessing the consistency between descriptions and permissions, named Assessing Consistency based on neural Network (AC-Net). For evaluation, a new dataset involving the description-to-permission correspondences of 1415 popular Android apps was built. The experiments demonstrate that AC-Net significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method by over 24.5% in accurately predicting permissions from descriptions.
Transport of MPEG - 4 over IP/RTP

In this paper we review and discuss some of the current efforts and proposals in the standardization bodies IETF and MPEG for the delivery of MPEG—4 over IP. We address the issues of payload format and media control by describing two architectures that allow for MPEC—4 streaming. Finally, we describe some MPEG—4 over IP streaming experiments in which the RTP MPEG—4 payload format is used in conjunction with per—stream Forward Error Correction support, in presence of packet loss.
Coding based opportunistic routing in ad hoc networks

In this work, we focus on the unicast routing issue in ad hoc networks. Our aim is to design a protocol so that the average number of transmissions for the communication between two end nodes is minimized. Opportunistic routing can reduce the number of transmissions taking advantage of the broadcast nature in wireless networks. In ad hoc networks, different unicast flows may intersect at a relay node and bring coding opportunities. In this paper, we proposed an efficient heuristic coding strategy and applied it in opportunistic routing to reduce the number of transmissions. Extensive simulations are conducted to show that our protocol outperforms ExOR protocol.