Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Sensation of Taste in the Future of Immersive Media

To create a truly immersive virtual experience, perceiving information through multiple human senses is important. Therefore, new forms of media are required that deeply involve various human senses -not only sight, sound, and touch, but also nontraditional senses like taste and smell- to create a perception of presence in a non-physical environment. However, at present, the sensation of taste is considered as one of the final frontiers of immersive media to be achieved. This paper discusses key aspects and opportunities of including the sensation of taste in the future of immersive media technologies. As a solution, we then present 'Taste+' utensils that digitally enhance the taste sensations of food and beverages without additional flavoring ingredients. Finally, we envision several future usage scenarios and challenges of the indicated technology to facilitate future immersive digital experiences.
Modified Original Smart Cards and Smart Card Clone Countermeasures

Conditional Access Systems are used in Pay-Tv Sys- tems to ensure conditional access to broadcasted data and charge subscribers a subscription fee. Smart cards are end- user security devices to store subscribers entitlements, re- quired to access data. On the other hand, pirates clone or modify smart cards to gain access to broadcasted data with- out paying any fees. This paper presents new countermea- sures, based on fingerprints, to avoid smart cards cloning or modifying in Conditional Access Systems for digital Tv broadcasting.
Identity-Based Key Management in MANETs using Public Key Cryptography

Wireless mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are an emerging area of mobile computing. MANETs face serious security problems due to their unique characteristics such as mobility, dynamic topology and lack of central infrastructure support. In conventional networks, deploying a robust and reliable security scheme such as Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) requires a central authority or trusted third party to provide fundamental security services including digital certificates, authentication and encryption. In the proposed scheme, a secure identity-based key management scheme is proposed for networks in environments without any PKI. This scheme solved the security problem in the MANET and is also suitable for application to other wired network structures.
Long-Term Effects of Brief Acute Stress on Cellular Signaling and Hippocampal LTP

In a previous study, we reported that a brief exposure to swim stress transforms an electrically induced, protein synthesis-independent early long-term potentiation (early LTP) into a protein synthesis-dependent late LTP [“reinforcement of LTP” in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG)] (Korz and Frey, 2003). This transformation depends on activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) by corticosterone, and on intact basolateral amygdala (BLA) function. Here, we demonstrate that a brief swim experience results in lasting changes in levels of hippocampal cellular signaling molecules that are known to be involved in the induction of late LTP. Within the DG, MRs were rapidly upregulated, whereas glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were elevated with a 3 h delay. Levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 (pMAPK2) and p38 MAPK, as well as phosphorylated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (pCaMKII) were enhanced shortly after swim stress and remained elevated until 24 h, whereas levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) remained unchanged. MR and GR were upregulated with a longer delay within the CA1 region, whereas levels of pMAPK2 and p38MAPK were rapidly increased, but the former returned to basal levels after 3 h. Levels of pCREB and pCaMKII were maintained in an enhanced state after swim stress. DG-LTP reinforcement requires a serotonergic but not dopaminergic heterosynaptic receptor activation that probably mediates the BLA-dependent modulation of LTP under stress. Thus, molecular alterations induced by specific stress resemble late LTP-related molecular changes. These changes, in interaction with stress-specific heterosynaptic processes, may support the transformation of early LTP into late LTP. The results contribute to the understanding of the rapid consolidation of cellular and possibly systemic memories triggered by stress.
Know Your Enemy: Malicious Web Servers

INTRODUCTION Today, many attackers are part of organized crime with the intent to defraud their victims. Their goal is to deploy malware on a victim’s machine and to start collecting sensitive data, such as online account credentials and credit card numbers. Since attackers have a tendency to take the path of least resistance and many traditional attack paths are barred by a basic set of security measures, such as firewalls or anti-virus engines, the “black hats” are turning to easier, unprotected attack paths to place their malware onto the end user’s machine. They are turning to client-side attacks.
Transliteration from Hindi Script to Meetei Mayek : ( A Rule Based Approach )

This project describes about the transliteration of Manipuri an Eight Schedule Language of Indian Constitution from Hindi script to Meitei Mayek (Meitei script. The transliteration of Manipuri is necessary because Meitei Mayek is an Eight Schedule language of Indian Constitution and transliteration of Hindi will be one of the ways to let understand the language because Hindi is the national language of India and also is one of several languages spoken in different parts of the sub-continent. Manipuri transliteration is hardly found so far but some of transliteration works has been done in such areas as “Manipuri Transliteration from Bengali script to Meitei Mayek” and “Transliteration of Meitei Mayek(Manipuri script) to English (Roman) script” etc. But upto the best of the authors’ knowledge no work of transliteration from Hindi to Meitei Mayek Script has done and this is the first work of transliteration for Manipuri. By using simple rule base approach a model and algorithm is being designed for transliterating Manipuri from Hindi script to Meitei script. Even though the model is a simple rule base approached but to our surprise the algorithm proved to come up with an accuracy of 86.28%.
Twitterverse: The birth of new words

New words are continuously being coined on Twitter, which is regarded as a means of creating and distributing new words, concepts and ideas. Our research focuses on the way Twitter’s apt naming has become one of the richest sources of brand-related word-formation. The current study has identified various productive patterns of new Twitter word-formation, such as affixation, compounding, blending, abbreviation and the powerful mechanism of lexical analogy. We have also identified the most common models used in coining new units of each type. The creation of new Twitter words has various functions and effects: establishing a closer social connection; jocular/mocking function; novelty and originality; desire to follow fashion; and denominative/labelling function. We conclude that in the era of an ever-growing amount of data, the popularity of Twitter has become a breeding ground for new brand-related words that have enriched the modern English vocabulary.
Spectral efficiency optimized secure broadcasting using adaptive modulation, coding and transmit power

In this article there is presented a new method for spectral efficiency optimized transmission in a broadcast network, in which be sides maximizing exploitation of network's resources there will be provided physical layer security for each user's data, i.e., transmission scenario is designed in a way that data of each user just is detected at the corresponding receiver with a proper error probability and error of detection at the unintended receivers is acceptably high. A bit error rate (BER) constraint for each user and an average power constraint for the transmitter are provisioned while a weighted sum of spectral efficiencies is maximized. In the proposed method there is used discrete rate adaptation through adaptive modulation and coding based on signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the links. Accurate and approximate solutions are presented to solve the optimization problem. The approximate solution besides having little difference with the accurate solution in the performance view has acceptable complexity. Numerical evaluation signifies that considering security constraint results in a little decrease in achievable rates, but in turn it helps to keep confidentiality of the information.
Integrating spinal codes into wireless systems

Rateless spinal codes [47] promise performance gains for future wireless systems. These gains can be realized in the form of higher data rates, longer operational ranges, reduced power consumption, and greater reliability. This is due in part to the manner in which rateless codes exploit the instantaneous characteristics of the wireless medium, including unpredictable fluctuations. By contrast, traditional rated codes can accommodate variability only by making overly conservative assumptions. Before spinal codes reach practical deployment, they must be integrated into the networking stacks of real devices, and they must be instantiated in compact, efficient silicon. This thesis addresses fundamental challenges in each of these two areas, covering a body of work reported in previous publications by this author and others [27, 26]. On the networking side, this thesis explores a rateless analogue of linklayer retransmission schemes, capturing the idea of rate adaptation and generalizing the approach of hybrid ARQ/incremental redundancy systems such as LTE [29]. On the silicon side, this thesis presents the development of a VLSI architecture that exploits the inherent parallelism of the spinal decoder. Thesis Supervisor: Hari Balakrishnan Title: Professor of Computer Science and Engineering
Pleiotropy and principal components of heritability combine to increase power for association analysis

When many correlated traits are measured the potential exists to discover the coordinated control of these traits via genotyped polymorphisms. A common statistical approach to this problem involves assessing the relationship between each phenotype and each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) individually (PHN); and taking a Bonferroni correction for the effective number of independent tests conducted. Alternatively, one can apply a dimension reduction technique, such as estimation of principal components, and test for an association with the principal components of the phenotypes (PCP) rather than the individual phenotypes. Building on the work of Lange and colleagues we develop an alternative method based on the principal component of heritability (PCH). For each SNP the PCH approach reduces the phenotypes to a single trait that has a higher heritability than any other linear combination of the phenotypes. As a result, the association between a SNP and derived trait is often easier to detect than an association with any of the individual phenotypes or the PCP. When applied to unrelated subjects, PCH has a drawback. For each SNP it is necessary to estimate the vector of loadings that maximize the heritability over all phenotypes. We develop a method of iterated sample splitting that uses one portion of the data for training and the remainder for testing. This cross‐validation approach maintains the type I error control and yet utilizes the data efficiently, resulting in a powerful test for association. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Feature Space Expression to Analyze Dependency of Korean Clauses with a Composite Kernel

Analyzing of dependency relation among clauses is one of the most critical parts in parsing Korean sentences because it generates severe ambiguities. To get successful results of analyzing dependency relation, this task has been the target of various machine learning methods including SVM. Especially, kernel methods are usually used to analyze dependency relation and it is reported that they show high performance. This paper proposes an expression for dependency analysis of Korean clauses. The proposed expression adopts a composite kernel to obtain the similarity among clauses. The composite kernel consists of a parse tree kernel and a liner kernel. A parse tree kernel is used for treating structure information and a liner kernel is applied for using lexical information. The proposed expression is defined as three types. One is a expression of layers in clause, another is relation expression between clause and the other is an expression of inner clause. The expriment is processed by two steps that first is a relation expression between clauses and the second is a expression of inner clauses. The experimental results show that the proposed expression achieves 82.12% of accuracy.
Political Economy and Profit Maximization in the Eastern Bering Sea Fishery for Walleye Pollock

Despite their apparent economic benefits to harvesters, Individual Fishing Quotas (IFQs) have only been adopted in three U.S. fisheries: Mid-Atlantic surf clam and ocean quahog; South Atlantic wreckfish; and, North Pacific halibut and sablefish. During the 1996 reauthorization of the Ma gnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, Congress temporarily blocked implementation of additional IFQ programs in U.S. fisheries. This Congressional action led directly to the emergence of a new institutional structure, the fishing cooperative. Cooperatives offer the advantage of eliminating production externalities that may remain under an IFQ program with relatively large owner classes. Development of IFQ programs appears to be increasingly overwhelmed by the proliferation of both equity concerns and seemingly interminable rent-seeking behavior—both issues that can effectively block adoption of IFQs. By reducing the scope of the equity issues acknowledged, the cooperative alternative narrows the pool of claimants and modifies the behavior of the remainder so as to make implementation more likely. Ironically, while IFQs are widely thought to be best designed at the local/regional level, part of the appeal of the cooperative model is that it appears to shortcut the often-protracted nature of the local/regional political process.
A Constant Q Transform based approach for robust EEG spectral analysis

Robust and accurate spectral analysis for electroencephalogram (EEG) signal becomes more and more essential and crucial in psychological and neural studies. The traditional fixed precision Fourier Transform (FT) cannot well reveal the subtle difference and characteristics among individuals. In this paper, a Constant Q Transform (CQT) based approach for EEG spectral analysis was proposed in order to match each person's features and emphasis the spectrum deviation among different capacitive activities. Firstly, the subject-independent features were extracted based on frequency structure of EEG signal. Then, the adaptive bandwidth was calculated. After that, the CQT based spectrum were acquired using these adaptive frequencies. We experiment with analog data to evaluate the performance of CQT based process and also provide detail comparison in real EEG dataset of eyes closed and eyes open. From the results, two improvements are made based on psychology basis: (a) CQT based unequal-interval spectral analysis method can not only avoid unbalance samples among EEG bands, but also reduce the calculation; (b) the classification ratio has been improved by the CQT-SA algorithm. The CQT based spectral analysis method can become an universal spectral analysis tool for EEG study.
Data classification combining Self-Organizing Maps and Informative Nearest Neighbor

The task of classifying data has been addressed in various works, and has been utilized in various areas of application, such as medicine, industry, marketing, financial market and many others. This work will present a data classifier proposal that combines the SOM (Self-Organizing Map) neural network with INN (Informative Nearest Neighbors). The combination of these two algorithms will be called in this work as SOM-INN. The classification will be done in a two steps task: in the first the SOM has a functionality to reduce the dataset through a process that utilizes the winning neuron concept and, in the second step, the dataset objects selected will be utilized as reference for the INN algorithm to decide about the classification utilizing the most informative object of the reduced dataset. Experiments using 14 public datasets will be made comparing classic classification algorithms from the indicators of accuracy and time consumed in the classification process. The results obtained show that the proposed SOM-INN algorithm, when compared with the other classifiers, presents better accuracy rates in databases where the border region does not have the object classes well distributed. However, its main differential is in the classification time, which is extremely important for real applications.
Key Encapsulation to Designated Group

Summary Most practical applications use hybrid encryption to deal with large plaintext messages since the efficiency of the public key encryption algorithm is low. As a main part of hybrid encryption schemes, Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) allows a sender to generate a random session key and distribute it to recipient. In some communication scenario, one-to-group model is of importance. In this paper, we present a novel key encapsulation to designated group. In our mechanism, anyone can encapsulate a session key for a designated group and any recipient in the designated group can decapsulate the session key with his private key. Finally, we give a proof and show that our new mechanism is secure against adaptively chosen ciphertext attacks in standard model.
Delay-dependent L2–L∞ filtering for stochastic networked control system with missing measurements

This paper deals with a delay-dependent L2–L∞ filter design problem for networked control system with stochas- tic perturbation, nonlinearities and missing measurement. The missing measurement is described by a binary switching se- quence satisfying a conditional probability distribution. A new model is proposed to describe both the network conditions and missing measurements of networked control systems in a unified framework. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the filter are given, thus, guaranteeing the filter error system exponentially stable in the mean-square sense and the L2–L∞ performance satisfies a prescribed level. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
16 Mechanism and Control of Anthropomorphic Biped Robots

Human beings, animals and some birds use their legs to move with great mobility, but we do not yet have a full understanding of their motion mechanism. The reason is that we lack man-made robots that use legs to obtain high mobility. We, especially, need two-legged robots that are able to adapt to human living environments such as offices and homes. In order to analyze a human walking mechanism, some research groups studied about hydraulically-actuated or pneumatically-activated two-legged mechanisms in the 1960s. In 1973, a world’s first full-scale anthropomorphic robot, WABOT-1 (WAseda roBOT-1), was constructed at Waseda University as shown in Figure 1. It was able to communicate with a human in Japanese and to measure the distance and direction of objects using external receptors such as an artificial mouth, ears and eyes (Kato et al., 1973). Hydraulically powered, it used disproportionately large feet for stability. Also, it was able to grip and carry objects using the hands that were equipped with tactile sensors. In 1983, WL-10R (Wasada Leg-10 Refined) was constructed using rotary type servoactuators and carbon-fiber reinforced plastic. It was able to walk forwards and backwards, and turn on a flat plane. Based on the WL-10R, WHL-11 was developed by Wasada and Hitachi (Takanishi et al., 1985). It walked more than 85 km at Tsukuba Science Expo’85. In 1986-1995, WL-12 series robots that have a trunk and a 2-DOF waist was constructed to simulate human walking motion including his upper body motion as shown in Figure 2 (Takanishi et al., 1988; Li et al., 1992; Yamaguchi et al., 1995). They performed dynamic walking going up and down a stair with a height of 0.1 m and a slope of 10 deg (Takanishi et al., 1990). Also, they did not fall down and walked under an unknown external force of 100 N applied to their backs (Takanishi et al., 1991). However, the relative motion between their upper body and legs was difficult to be simulated. An electrically powered human-sized biped humanoid robot, WABIAN (WAseda BIped humANoid), was constructed in 1996 for simulating human motion. It consists of a total of 35 DOF; two 3-DOF legs, two 10-DOF arms, two 2-DOF eyes, a 2-DOF neck and a torso with a 3-DOF waist (Setiawan et al., 1999). After 1996, WABIAN series robots were developed, and achieved qusi-human follow walking, emotional motion, dancing motion and so on (Setiawan et al., 1999; Lim et al., 2004a).
EVOLUTION INTO AND OUT OF THE ANDES: A BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL DIVERSIFICATION IN THAMNOPHILUS ANTSHRIKES

Abstract The Andean uplift played important roles in the historical diversification of Neotropical organisms, both by producing new high-elevation habitats that could be colonized and by isolating organisms on either side of the mountains. Here, we present a molecular phylogeny of Thamnophlius antshrikes, a clade of 30 species whose collective distribution spans nearly the entirety of lowland habitats in tropical South America, the eastern slope foothills of the Andes, and the tepuis of northern South America. Our goal was to examine the role of the Andes in the diversification of lowland and foothill species. Using parsimony and Bayesian ancestral state reconstructions of a three-state distribution character (lowland-restricted, lowland-to-highland, highland-restricted), we found that the Andes were colonized twice independently and the tepuis once from lowland-restricted ancestors. Over the entire evolutionary history of Thamnophilus, the highest transition rates were between highland-restricted and lowland-to-highland distributions, with extremely low rates into and out of lowland-restricted distributions. This pattern suggests lowland-restricted distributions are limited not by physiological constraints, but by other forces, such as competition. These results highlight the need for additional comparative studies in elucidating processes associated with the colonization of high-elevation habitats and the differentiation of populations within them.
Boundary and shadow position-based moving objects detection

Video moving objects detection has been an important task in video surveillance. As a single detection algorithm often results in detection error, especially when the characteristic of the object is similar with the background. In this paper, a new detection method based on boundary and shadow position is proposed to accurately detect object. Firstly, the pre-detection objects are extracted by using Sequential Kernel Density Approximation (SKDA) and RGB color space respectively. Then two boundary sets can be obtained by applying Sobel edge operator to the pre-detected objects, and the inconsistent boundary will be identified afterwards. For each inconsistent boundary pair, its associated curvature and shadow mark vector is used as criteria to evaluate the most probable location of the true boundary. The final object is extracted by choosing the merged pre-detection objects in region surrounded by the evaluated boundary. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better under different scenes compared with other existing algorithms.