Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ten Years and Counting: Moving Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Inhibitors to the Clinic

The burden that Parkinson's disease (PD) exacts on the population continues to increase year after year. Though refinement of symptomatic treatments continues at a reasonable pace, no accepted therapies are available to slow or prevent disease progression. The leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was identified in PD genetic studies and offers new hope for novel therapeutic approaches. The evidence linking LRRK2 kinase activity to PD susceptibility is presented, as well as seminal discoveries relevant to the prosecution of LRRK2 kinase inhibition. Finally, suggestions are made for predictive preclinical modeling and successful first‐in‐human trials. © 2014 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Asymptotic angular stability in non-linear systems: rotation numbers and winding numbers

The asymptotic angular stability of a dynamical system may be quantified by its rotation number or its winding number. These two quantities are shown to result from different assumptions, made about the flow generating the Poincaré map which results from the sequence of homeomorphisms in S l. An ergodic theorem of existence a.s. of the rotation number for non-linear systems is given. The advantages and disadvantages of both the rotation and winding numbers are discussed. Numerical calculations of the distribution of rotation number and winding number arising from different initial conditions are presented for three different chaotic maps.
Endometriosis and Infertility: How and When to Treat?

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue (glands or stroma) outside the uterus, which induces a chronic inflammatory reaction. Although endometriosis impairs fertility, it does not usually completely prevent conception. The question of evidence based-medicine guidelines in endometriosis-associated infertility is weak in many situations. Therefore, we will highlight in this issue where the challenges are.
The Candida albicans HYR1 gene, which is activated in response to hyphal development, belongs to a gene family encoding yeast cell wall proteins

A hyphally regulated gene (HYR1) from the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans was isolated and characterized. Northern (RNA) analyses showed that the HYR1 mRNA was induced specifically in response to hyphal development when morphogenesis was stimulated by serum addition and temperature elevation, increases in both culture pH and temperature, or N-acetylglucosamine addition. The HYR1 gene sequence revealed a 937-codon open reading frame capable of encoding a protein with an N-terminal signal sequence, a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchoring domain, 17 potential N glycosylation sites, and a large domain rich in serine and threonine (51% of 230 residues). These features are observed in many yeast cell wall proteins, but no homologs are present in the databases. In addition, Hyr1p contained a second domain rich in glycine, serine, and asparagine (79% of 239 residues). The HYR1 locus in C. albicans CAI4 was disrupted by "Ura-blasting," but the resulting homozygous delta hyr1/delta hyr1 null mutant displayed no obvious morphological phenotype. The growth rates for yeast cells and hyphae and the kinetics of germ tube formation in the null mutant were unaffected. Aberrant expression of HYR1 in yeast cells, when an ADH1-HYR1 fusion was used, did not stimulate hyphal formation in C. albicans or pseudohyphal growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HYR1 appears to encode a nonessential component of the hyphal cell wall.
GeoReferencing the Semantic Web : ontology based markup of geographically referenced information

Geographic references that include geographic relations to well known locations are useful for explaining real world information and for knowledge discovery. In order to utilize the spatial characteristics of this information on the web, our research takes advantage of recent developments in the Semantic Web community. To circulate geographically referenced information on the Semantic Web, we have created a geographic ontology for describing them and have implemented two tools, a web service that calculates geographic relations, and a plugin to an open-source GIS that allows us to generate RDF of topological and direction spatial relations among geographic features. This ontology based approach allows us to associate geographically referenced data to any other non-spatial information related to the geographic feature that is expressed on the Semantic Web. These two different approaches to developing geographic references for the Semantic Web have provided us with the opportunity to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each, providing us with direction for future work.
Executive function and bilingualism in young and older adults

Research suggests that being bilingual results in advantages on executive control processes and disadvantages on language tasks relative to monolinguals. Furthermore, the executive function advantage is thought to be larger in older than younger adults, suggesting that bilingualism may buffer against age-related changes in executive function. However, there are potential confounds in some of the previous research, as well as inconsistencies in the literature. The goal of the current investigation was to examine the presence of a bilingual advantage in executive control and a bilingual disadvantage on language tasks in the same sample of young and older monolingual anglophones, monolingual francophones, and French/English bilinguals. Participants completed a series of executive function tasks, including a Stroop task, a Simon task, a sustained attention to response task (SART), the Wisconsin Card Sort Test (WCST), and the digit span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and language tasks, including the Boston Naming Test (BNT), and category and letter fluency. The results do not demonstrate an unequivocal advantage for bilinguals on executive function tasks and raise questions about the reliability, robustness and/or specificity of previous findings. The results also did not demonstrate a disadvantage for bilinguals on language tasks. Rather, they suggest that there may be an influence of the language environment. It is concluded that additional research is required to fully characterize any language group differences in both executive function and language tasks.
Quantitative analysis of coronary endothelial function with generator-produced rubidium- 82 PET - Comparison with oxygen 15-labeled water PET-

Title Quantitative analysis of coronary endothelial function with generator-produced 82Rb PET : comparison with 15O-labelled water PET Author(s) Yoshinaga, Keiichiro; Manabe, Osamu; Katoh, Chietsugu; Chen, Li; Klein, Ran; Naya, Masanao; deKemp, Robert A. ; Williams, Kathryn; Beanlands, Rob S. B. ; Tamaki, Nagara Citation European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 37(12): 2233-2241 Issue Date 2010-12 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/47526 Right The original publication is available at www.springerlink. com
A genomic approach to coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis: studies of Acropora digitifera and Symbiodinium minutum

Far more intimate knowledge of scleractinian coral biology is essential in order to understand how diverse coral-symbiont endosymbioses have been established. In particular, molecular and cellular mechanisms enabling the establishment and maintenance of obligate endosymbiosis with photosynthetic dinoflagellates require further clarification. By extension, such understanding may also shed light upon environmental conditions that promote the collapse of this mutualism. Genomic data undergird studies of all symbiotic processes. Here we review recent genomic data derived from the scleractinian coral, Acropora digitifera, and the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate, Symbiodinium minutum. We discuss Acropora genes involved in calcification, embryonic development, innate immunity, apoptosis, autophagy, UV resistance, fluorescence, photoreceptors, circadian clocks, etc. We also detail gene loss in amino acid metabolism that may explain at least part of the Acropora stress-response. Characteristic features of the Symbiodinium genome are also reviewed, focusing on the expansion of certain gene families, the molecular basis for permanently condensed chromatin, unique spliceosomal splicing, and unusual gene arrangement. Salient features of the Symbiodinium plastid and mitochondrial genomes are also illuminated. Although many questions regarding these interdependent genomes remain, we summarize information necessary for future studies of coral-dinoflagellate endosymbiosis.
in Liver Regeneration *

In an effort to obtain evidence for on against the existence of a humoral factor con trolling hepatic regeneration, observations in over 800 rats have resulted in the fol lowing : (a) Plasma obtained from hepatectomized donors injected into normal rats either intravenously or intrapenitoneally resulted in an increase in mitoses of similar magnitude to that observed when plasma from normal donor rats was injected. No significant increase in hepatic DNA synthesis as determined by incorporation of @32 into DNA resulted when either route of administration was employed. (b) Serum oh tamed from hepatectomized normal andcinrhotic rats and injected intravenously on intra peritoneally failed to significantly increase mitoses. DNA-phosphorus specific activity was no greater than that observed following the injection of normal serum. (c) With a variety of time relationships between hepatectomy, P@ injection, and sacrifice of animals, no definite evidence of increased DNA synthesis in the intact normal member of a parabiotic pair occurred following hepatectomy in the other which was either normal or cirrhotic. Likewise, no effect upon mitoses in the intact member was oh served. Following sham operation in parabiotic rats an increase in mitoses was not seen. It is concluded from these experiments that there is no unequivocal evidence to sup port the concept that a specific humonal factor is present in the serum on plasma of hepatectomized animals which, when injected into normal animals, influences hepatic parenchymal cell activity. Nor is there significnat evidence that hepatectomy in one member of a parabiotic pair affects liver cells of the other member in this regard. The great variation in the number of mitoses encountered in all experiments performed tends to minimize the value of this parameter as an index of hepatic panenchymal response to a specific factor.
View invariant gesture recognition using the CSEM SwissRanger SR-2 camera

This paper introduces the use of range information acquired by a CSEM SwissRanger SR-2 camera for view invariant recognition of one and two arms gestures. The range data enables motion detection and 3D representation of gestures. Motion is detected by double difference range images and filtered by a hysteresis bandpass filter. Gestures are represented by concatenating harmonic shape contexts over time. This representation allows for a view invariant matching of the gestures. The system is trained on gestures from one viewpoint and evaluated on gestures from other viewpoints. The results show a recognition rate of 93.75%.
Interactive illustrative visualization of hierarchical volume data

In scientific visualization the underlying data often has an inherent abstract and hierarchical structure. Therefore, the same dataset can simultaneously be studied with respect to its characteristics in the three-dimensional space and in the hierarchy space. Often both characteristics are equally important to convey. For such scenarios we explore the combination of hierarchy visualization and scientific visualization, where both data spaces are effectively integrated. We have been inspired by illustrations of species evolutions where hierarchical information is often present. Motivated by these traditional illustrations, we introduce integrated visualizations for hierarchically organized volumetric datasets. The hierarchy data is displayed as a graph, whose nodes are visually augmented to depict the corresponding 3D information. These augmentations include images due to volume raycasting, slicing of 3D structures, and indicators of structure visibility from occlusion testing. New interaction metaphors are presented that extend visualizations and interactions, typical for one visualization space, to control visualization parameters of the other space. Interaction on a node in the hierarchy influences visual representations of 3D structures and vice versa. We integrate both the abstract and the scientific visualizations into one view which avoids frequent refocusing typical for interaction with linked-view layouts. We demonstrate our approach on different volumetric datasets enhanced with hierarchical information.
The Unusual X-Ray Spectrum of FU Orionis

FU Orionis objects (FUors) have undergone strong optical outbursts and are thought to be young low-mass stars accreting at high rates of up to Ṁacc ~ 10-4 M☉ yr-1. FUors have been extensively studied at optical and infrared wavelengths, but little is known about their X-ray properties. We have thus initiated a program aimed at searching for and characterizing their X-ray emission. First results are presented here for the prototype star FU Orionis based on observations obtained with XMM-Newton. Its CCD X-ray spectrum is unusual compared to those of accreting classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs). The cool and hot plasma components typically detected in CTTSs are present but are seen through different absorption column densities. The absorption of the cool component is consistent with AV ≈ 2.4 mag anticipated from optical studies, but the absorption of the hot component is at least 10 times larger. The origin of the excess absorption is uncertain, but cold accreting gas or a strong near-neutral wind are likely candidates. The hot plasma component accounts for most of the observed X-ray flux, and thermal models give very high temperatures kT ≥ 5 keV. The most prominent feature in the X-ray spectrum is an exceptionally strong Fe K emission line at 6.67 keV, and weak emission from fluorescent Fe I at ≈6.4 keV may also be present. The high plasma temperature clearly demonstrates that the emission is dominated by magnetic processes. We discuss possible origins of the unusual X-ray spectrum in the context of a complex physical environment that likely includes disk accretion, a strong wind, magnetic activity, and close binarity.
An Energy Efficient Traffic-Based Key Management Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

In Wireless Sensor Networks, most of the existing key management schemes, establish shared keys for all pairs of neighbor sensors without considering the communication between these nodes. This results in causing huge overhead. For large scale WSNs, these schemes still need each sensor to be loaded with a bulky amount of keys. In many-to-one traffic pattern of sensor networks, large numbers of sensor nodes send data to single or few base stations. Thus a sensor node may communicate with a small set of neighbors. Based on this fact, in this paper, a novel Traffic-Aware Key Management (EETKM) scheme is developed for WSNs, which only establishes shared keys for active sensors which participate in direct communication, based on the topology information of the network. Numerical results show that proposed key management scheme achieves high connectivity. In the simulation experiments, the proposed key management scheme is applied for different routing protocols. Simulation results show that proposed key management scheme achieves stronger resilience against node capture and low energy consumption.
An acquisition method for the MLR of auditory evoked potentials

The study is focused on the recording of the auditory evoked potential to stimuli that result in binaural (two-ear) interaction. The auditory evoked potential is derived from small bioelectric potentials recorded from the scalp. The AEP is categorized on the basis of the latency of the response following the auditory stimulus. For example, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) occurs in the first 20 ms after the stimulus, the middle latency response (MLR) from 20 to 70 ms, and the slow vertex response (SVR) up to 500 ms after stimulation. The study of auditory evoked potentials may provide insight in the mechanism of auditory processing in the brain. The study presents a methodology to measure AEP related to binaural hearing.
Infrared Small Moving Target Detection Using Facet Model and Particle Filter

A new algorithm based on facet model and Particle filter is presented to detect infrared small moving target in image sequence. Firstly, it utilizes a Bayesian based particle filter method to track the target in image sequence and get the target search window. Then the detection is performed on the image intensity surface of search window fitted by cubic facet model. The new partial derivative operators are exploited according to cubic facet model to detect maximum intensity points from search window, which correspond to the small target position in image. Experimental results with the infrared image sequence show that the proposed algorithm can successfully detect the small target, the real-time and anti-noise performance of the algorithm are better than traditional algorithms.
Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons Switch from Single-Spike Activity to Burst-Firing Mode

The modification of the discharge pattern of subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons from single-spike activity to mixed burst-firing mode is one of the characteristics of parkinsonism in rat and primates. However, the mechanism of this process is not yet understood. Intrinsic firing patterns of STN neurons were examined in rat brain slices with intracellular and patch-clamp techniques. Almost half of the STN neurons that spontaneously discharged in the single-spike mode had the intrinsic property of switching to pure or mixed burst-firing mode when the membrane was hyperpolarized from −41.3 ± 1.0 mV (range, −35 to −50 mV; n = 15) to −51.0 ± 1.0 mV (range, −42 to −60 mV; n = 20). This switch was greatly facilitated by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors with 1S,3R-ACPD. Recurrent membrane oscillations underlying burst-firing mode were endogenous and Ca2+-dependent because they were largely reduced by nifedipine (3 μm), Ni2+ (40 μm), and BAPTA-AM (10–50 μm) at any potential tested, whereas TTX (1 μm) had no effect. In contrast, simultaneous application of TEA (1 mm) and apamin (0.2 μm) prolonged burst duration. Moreover, in response to intracellular stimulation at hyperpolarized potentials, a plateau potential with a voltage and ionic basis similar to those of spontaneous bursts was recorded in 82% of the tested STN neurons, all of which displayed a low-threshold Ni2+-sensitive spike. We propose that recurrent membrane oscillations during bursts result from the sequential activation of T/R- and L-type Ca2+ currents, a Ca2+-activated inward current, and Ca2+-activated K+ currents.
Teacher Education Programs In Agricultural Education Should Be Located In Colleges Of Education

This issue of The Journal contains another in the series of "debate the issues" articles authored by leaders in agricultural teacher education. The focus is on the location of programs of agricultural teacher education: Should they be affiliated with colleges of agriculture or colleges of education? The authors are Harold R. Binkley, University of Kentucky, and Earl H. Knebel, Texas A&M University. The editor welcomes reactions from readers about this special feature. Suggestions for future debates will be welcomed.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Atomoxetine Treatment and Adhd-related Difficulties as Assessed by Adolescent Patients, Their Parents and Physicians

Background: The degree of ADHD-related difficulties – reflecting overall impairment, social functioning, and quality of life – may be perceived differently by adolescent patients, parents and physicians. The primary aim of this study was to investigate ADHD-related difficulties during atomoxetine treatment, as perceived by the three different raters. Secondary objectives focused on effectiveness and tolerability of atomoxetine treatment in a population of adolescent patients with ADHD.
The Effect of Administration of Ketamine and Paracetamol Versus Paracetamol Singly on Postoperative Pain, Nausea and Vomiting After Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy

Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children and posttonsillectomy pain and agitation management is a great challenge for anesthesiologists. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single dose of ketamine combined with paracetamol with paracetamol alone in the management of postoperative pain in tonsillectomy. Materials and Methods: In this study, the subjects were randomly allocated into the two groups: the ketamine and control. Intravenous paracetamol infusion (15 mg/kg) was started 15 minutes before the end of surgery in both groups, continued with the IV injection of ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) in the ketamine group and an equal volume of saline in the control group. Using the children’s hospital of eastern Ontario (CHEOPS) pain scale, pain and agitation score and also the incidence of nausea and vomiting after the surgery were recorded in 0.5, 6 and 12 hours after the operation. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in all cases. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups considering demographic data (age, sex distribution, weight and height). The CHEOPS pain scales were significantly lower in the ketamine group compared to the control group at 0.5 and 6 hours after the surgery (P = 0.003 and P = 0.023, respectively). There was no significant difference in the CHEOPS scale at 12 hours after the surgery, dose of adjuvant analgesic and the incidence of nausea and vomiting after the surgery between the two groups. Conclusions: According to the results of the current study, postoperative analgesia in children was improved in the ketamine group. Therefore, for better management of posttonsillectomy pain, low-dose ketamine administration with paracetamol is recommended.
Clustering of childhood mortality in rural Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND Childhood mortality is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. For the implementation of efficient public health systems, knowledge of the spatial distribution of mortality is required. METHODS Data from a demographic surveillance research project were analysed which comprised information obtained for about 30 000 individuals from 39 villages in northwest Burkina Faso (West Africa) in the period 1993--1998. Total childhood mortality rates were calculated and the geographical distribution of total childhood mortality was investigated. In addition, data from a cohort of 686 children sampled from 16/39 of the villages followed up during a randomized controlled trial in 1999 were also used to validate the results from the surveillance data. A spatial scan statistic was used to test for clusters of total childhood mortality in both space and time. RESULTS Several statistically significant clusters of higher childhood mortality rates comprising different sets of villages were identified; one specific village was consistently identified in both study populations indicating non-random distribution of childhood mortality. Potential risk factors which were available in the database (ethnicity, religion, distance to nearest health centre) did not explain the spatial pattern. CONCLUSION The findings indicate non-random clustering of total childhood mortality in the study area. The study may be regarded as a first step in prioritizing areas for follow-up public health efforts.