Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterior inferior petrosectomy: defining the role of endonasal endoscopic techniques for petrous apex approaches.

OBJECT Historically, surgery to the petrous apex has been addressed via craniotomy and open microscopic anterior petrosectomy (OAP). However, with the popularization of endoscopic approaches, the petrous apex can further be approached endonasally by way of an endoscopic endonasal anterior petrosectomy (EAP). Endonasal anterior petrosectomy is a relatively new procedure and has not been compared anatomically with OAP. The authors hypothesized that the EAP and OAP techniques approach different portions of the petrous apex and therefore may have different applications. METHODS Four cadaveric heads were used. An OAP was performed on one side and an EAP was performed on the contralateral side; the limits of bony resection were defined. The extent of bony resection was then evaluated using predissection and postdissection thin-slice CT scans. The comparative resection was then reconstructed using 3D modeling on Brainlab workstations. RESULTS The average resection volumes for EAP and OAP were 0.297 cm(3) and 0.649 cm(3), respectively, representing a comparative percentage of 46% (EAP/OAP). An EAP and OAP achieved resection of 29% and 64% of the total petrous apex volume, respectively. Indeed, EAP addressed the inferior portion of the petrous apex located adjacent to the petroclival suture more completely than OAP, where 45% of the bone overlying the petroclival suture (petroclival angle to the jugular foramen) was resected with the EAP, while 0% was resected with the OAP. CONCLUSIONS In anatomically normal cadavers, OAP achieved nearly a 50% larger volumetric resection than EAP. Furthermore, while OAP appears to completely address the superior portion of the petrous apex, EAP appears to have a niche in approaches to lesions in the inferior petrous apex. Given these results, the authors propose that OAP be redefined as the "superior anterior petrosectomy," while EAP be referred to as the "inferior anterior petrosectomy," which more clearly defines the role of each approach in anterior petrosectomy.
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 the Majority Are Not Performing Home-exercises Correctly Two Weeks after Their Initial Instruction—an Assessor-blinded Study

Introduction. Time-under-tension (TUT) reflects time under load during strength training and is a proxy of the total exercise dose during strength training. The purpose of this study was to investigate if young participants are able to reproduce TUT and exercise form after two weeks of unsupervised exercises. Material and Methods. The study was an assessor-blinded intervention study with 29 participants. After an initial instruction, all participants were instructed to perform two weeks of home-based unsupervised shoulder abduction exercises three times per week with an elastic exercise band. The participants were instructed in performing an exercise with a predefined TUT (3 s concentric; 2 s isometric; 3 s eccentric; 2 s break) corresponding to a total of 240 s of TUT during three sets of 10 repetitions. After completing two weeks of unsupervised home exercises, they returned for a follow-up assessment of TUT and exercise form while performing the shoulder abduction exercise. A stretch sensor attached to the elastic band was used to measure TUT at baseline and follow-up. A physiotherapist used a pre-defined clinical observation protocol to determine if participants used the correct exercise form. Results. Fourteen of the 29 participants trained with the instructed TUT at follow-up (predefined target: 240 s ±8%). Thirteen of the 29 participants performed the shoulder abduction exercise with a correct exercise form. Seven of the 29 participants trained with the instructed TUT and exercise form at follow-up. Conclusion. The majority of participants did not use the instructed TUT and exercise form at follow-up after two weeks of unsupervised exercises. These findings emphasize the importance of clear and specific home exercise instructions if participants are to follow the given exercise prescription regarding TUT and exercise
Hierarchical processing of the modulation spectrum for GALE Mandarin LVCSR system

This paper aims at investigating the use of TANDEM features based on hierarchical processing of the modulation spectrum. The study is done in the framework of the GALE project for recognition of Mandarin Broadcast data. We describe the improvements obtained using the hierarchical processing and the addition of features like pitch and short-term critical band energy. Results are consistent with previous findings on a different LVCSR task suggesting that the proposed technique is effective and robust across several conditions. Furthermore we describe integration into RWTH GALE LVCSR system trained on 1600 hours of Mandarin data and present progress across the GALE 2007 and GALE 2008 RWTH systems resulting in approximatively 20% CER reduction on several data set.
Development of the Hungarian WordNet Ontology and its Application to Information Extraction

This paper presents an outline of the construction process of the Hungarian WordNet Ontology, and the description of an information extraction application utilizing the ontology. and MorphoLogic) in a 3-year project funded by the European Union ECOP program (GVOP-AKF-2004-3.1.1.) The Princeton WordNet (WN) linguistic ontology ([1]) has become a standard and an invaluable semantic resource within the natural language technology community. The WN lexical semantic network consist of nodes called synsets (sets of synonymous words that are interchangeable in a context) corresponding to linguistic concepts and connecting edges corresponding to semantic relationships like hypernymy (is-a relationship), meronymy (part-of relationship), antonymy etc. The EuroWordNet (EWN) project ([5]) extended the WN architecture to a multilingual level, with the synsets of the English WN serving as interlingua (ILI) among the concepts of the various other languages. A common starting set (Common Base Concepts) was implemented in each participating language and then was expanded individually in a top-down manner by each partner. In addition to the 11 European languages covered by EWN, the BalkaNet project ([4]) several years later introduced connected Wordnets for 5 more Southeast-European languages. The Hungarian WordNet (HuWN) project follows the BalkaNet project's resources: Princeton WordNet 2.0 as ILI, 8500 base concept synsets as a starting point and the VisDic XML-based ontology/dictionary editor. We also decided to integrate existing semantic resources into HuWN: on the one hand, we tried to map each Hungarian synset to a sense in the EKSz Hungarian explanatory dictionary, in order to obtain definitions, and on the other hand, for each verbal synset we registered corresponding entries in our existing verb frame description lexicon. For nouns, adjectives and adverbs, the work followed the so-called expansion approach, which means we took English WordNet as a starting point for our concept networks. We used several machine-translation heuristics ([2]) to obtain a rough translation of the English synsets, which were then all manually examined, corrected and extended as necessary, with adaptation to the semantic conditions of the Hungarian language. For verbs, this approach proved to be unsustainable because of the major differences between the English and Hungarian verb typing systems. In this case, we used a mixed approach, by translating only a subset of the common concepts and creating the rest from scratch from frequent items in corpora. We also added new semantic relations and the so-called nucleus structure ([3]) in order to represent aspects of verb meanings unique to …
Cost-Effectiveness of a New Nordic Diet as a Strategy for Health Promotion

Inappropriate diets constitute an important health risk and an increasing environmental burden. Healthy regional diets may contribute to meeting this dual challenge. A palatable, healthy and sustainable New Nordic diet (NND) based on organic products from the Nordic region has been developed. This study assesses whether a large-scale introduction of NND is a cost-effective health promotion strategy by combining an economic model for estimating the utility-maximizing composition of NND, a life cycle assessment model to assess environmental effects of the dietary change, and a health impact model to assess impacts on the disease burden. Consumer expenditure for food and beverages in the NND is about 16% higher than currently, with the largest relative difference in low-income households. Environmental loads from food consumption are 15%–25% lower, and more than 18,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALY) will be saved per year in Denmark. NND exhibits a cost-effectiveness ratio of about €73,000–94,000 per DALY saved. This cost-effectiveness improves considerably, if the NND’s emphasis on organic and Nordic-origin products is relaxed.
Diabetes: Models, Signals, and Control

The control of diabetes is an interdisciplinary endeavor, which includes a significant biomedical engineering component, with traditions of success beginning in the early 1960s. It began with modeling of the insulin-glucose system, and progressed to large-scale in silico experiments, and automated closed-loop control (artificial pancreas). Here, we follow these engineering efforts through the last, almost 50 years. We begin with the now classic minimal modeling approach and discuss a number of subsequent models, which have recently resulted in the first in silico simulation model accepted as substitute to animal trials in the quest for optimal diabetes control. We then review metabolic monitoring, with a particular emphasis on the new continuous glucose sensors, on the analyses of their time-series signals, and on the opportunities that they present for automation of diabetes control. Finally, we review control strategies that have been successfully employed in vivo or in silico, presenting a promise for the development of a future artificial pancreas and, in particular, discuss a modular architecture for building closed-loop control systems, including insulin delivery and patient safety supervision layers. We conclude with a brief discussion of the unique interactions between human physiology, behavioral events, engineering modeling and control relevant to diabetes.
Explorer Lossless Selection Views under Conditional Domain Constraints

A set of views defined by selection queries splits a database relation into sub-relations, each containing a subset of the original rows. This decomposition into horizontal fragments is lossless when the initial relation can be reconstructed from the fragments by union. In this paper, we consider horizontal decomposition in a setting where some of the attributes in the database schema are interpreted over a specific domain, on which a set of special predicates and functions is defined. We study losslessness in the presence of integrity constraints on the database schema. We consider the class of conditional domain constraints (CDCs), which restrict the values that the interpreted attributes may take whenever a certain condition holds on the non-interpreted ones, and investigate lossless horizontal decomposition under CDCs in isolation, as well as in combination with functional and unary inclusion dependencies.
PersonalWeb: an extensible framework to recommend web and personal information

The large amount of information spread out among applications raised several challenges when trying to retrieve it, as information useful in the past is potentially useful in the future. Most recommender systems resort to contextual information to provide single-source document suggestions, disregarding the manifold Personal Information (PI) sources. We believe that PI can provide a richer background of the user's interests, providing personally-relevant and user-centered suggestions. In this paper, we describe an extensible framework that makes use of both contextual and personal information to provide recommendations that are relevant to the user and the task at hand, instead of only the latter. Herein we also present a preliminary evaluation of our framework still mostly based on contextual information. This pilot study presented satisfying results disambiguating contexts, suggesting web and personal documents and dealing with context changes, paving the way to its enrichment with more PI sources.
Australian Support for the American National Board Standards of Exemplary Teaching

This paper canvasses four possible reasons why some Australian early childhood teachers seem more supportive than some Australian English teachers of the professional standards for exemplary teaching developed by the National Board in the US. It explores whether the difference is due to the nature of the teachers, the needs of the learning area, the standards themselves, or the research processes. A key contention emerging from an analysis of the early childhood teachers’ response is that the US National Board standards should not be regarded as belonging to the Americans just because they were the first to document them. Certainly, we need to construct our own standards in order to develop a sense of commitment and ownership. But this does not mean having to start from scratch. Along with educators across the world, we already ‘own’ the values, skills, and knowledge documented in the USNational Board standards. What we can profitably do is take the US standards and build on them.
'Proopiocortin fragments' in normal human adult pituitary. Distribution and ultrastructural characterization of immunoreactive cells.

The distribution and ultrastructure of cells immunoreactive towards antisera against synthetic fragments of proopiocortin were studied in human pituitaries by immunohistochemical methods. Anterior lobe cells exhibiting the ultrastructural characteristics of corticolipotropes, as well as all epithelial cells 'invading' the posterior lobe, display beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin-ACTH immunoreactivities. At low dilution a beta-lipotropin antiserum, raised with highly purified antigen, stains also somatotropes. alpha-MSH antibodies bind to certain corticolipotropic cells in the pars distalis and to only a few of the cells 'invading' the pars nervosa. Met-enkephalin antisera react only with isolated cells in the anterior lobe. These results indicate a striking difference in the processing of the proopiocortin precursor molecule in different corticolipotropic cells of the human hypophysis. Furthermore, the hypothesis of a homology between cells 'invading' the human neurohypophysis and those of the intermediate lobe of lower vertebrates, is questioned.
Pseudoepidemic of Rhodotorula rubra in Patients Undergoing Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

Abstract Between March and June 1988, Rhodotorula rubra was isolated from the bronchial washings of 30 of 56 (54%) patients undergoing bronchoscopy at a North Carolina community hospital. Pulmonary disease consistent with invasive fungal pneumonia was not apparent for any patient. Repeat sputum cultures were performed on 11 patients, none of whom were positive for R rubra. Investigation revealed fungal contamination of two brushes used to clean the bronchoscope channels and one positive sample of the tub water used to test the integrity of the bronchoscope prior to cleaning and disinfection. Control measures instituted were high-level disinfection of all equipment used to clean the bronchoscopes, including the brushes, complete air drying of the bronchoscopes before storing and storage of equipment in closed cabinets. An additional case one month after instituting these measures prompted the addition of a final 70% ethyl alcohol rinse of the bronchoscopes immediately prior to storage. Over a six-month period no additional cases have been identified. Despite published disinfection guidelines, pseudoepidemics and infections from contaminated equipment continue to appear. This pseudoepidemic investigation revealed a site for contaminating bronchoscopes that has not been previously reported, the inner cannula cleaning brushes. This emphasizes the need for stringent adherence to recommended cleaning and disinfection guidelines.
Aspects of a Distinct Cytotoxicity of Selenium Salts and Organic Selenides in Living Cells with Possible Implications for Drug Design

Selenium is traditionally considered as an antioxidant element and selenium compounds are often discussed in the context of chemoprevention and therapy. Recent studies, however, have revealed a rather more colorful and diverse biological action of selenium-based compounds, including the modulation of the intracellular redox homeostasis and an often selective interference with regulatory cellular pathways. Our basic activity and mode of action studies with simple selenium and tellurium salts in different strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that such compounds are sometimes not particularly toxic on their own, yet enhance the antibacterial potential of known antibiotics, possibly via the bioreductive formation of insoluble elemental deposits. Whilst the selenium and tellurium compounds tested do not necessarily act via the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), they seem to interfere with various cellular pathways, including a possible inhibition of the proteasome and hindrance of DNA repair. Here, organic selenides are considerably more active compared to simple salts. The interference of selenium (and tellurium) compounds with multiple targets could provide new avenues for the development of effective antibiotic and anticancer agents which may go well beyond the traditional notion of selenium as a simple antioxidant.
Securing the IP-based internet of things with HIP and DTLS

The IP-based Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the pervasive interaction of smart devices and people enabling new applications by means of new IP protocols such as 6LoWPAN and CoAP. Security is a must, and for that we need a secure architecture in which all device interactions are protected, from joining an IoT network to the secure management of keying materials. However, this is challenging because existing IP security protocols do not offer all required functionalities and typical Internet solutions do not lead to the best performance. We propose and compare two security architectures providing secure network access, key management and secure communication. The first solution relies on a new variant of the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) based on pre-shared keys (PSK), while the second solution is based on the standard Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS). Our evaluation shows that although the HIP solution performs better, the currently limited usage of HIP poses severe limitations. The DTLS architecture allows for easier interaction and interoperability with the Internet, but optimizations are needed due to its performance issues.
The relationship between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking in US adolescents.

AIMS Data from the Teenage Attitudes and Practices Survey were analyzed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking. DESIGNS, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative sample of adolescents interviewed in 1989 and again in 1993. MEASUREMENTS Prevalence rate and adjusted odds ratio for smoking at follow-up by depressive symptoms status at baseline. FINDINGS Adolescents with depressive symptoms were more likely than other adolescents to start smoking. CONCLUSIONS The associations between depressive symptoms and regular smoking appears to be established by adolescence.
A novel Arabic lemmatization algorithm

Tokenization is a fundamental step in processing textual data preceding the tasks of information retrieval, text mining, and natural language processing. Tokenization is a language-dependent approach, including normalization, stop words removal, lemmatization and stemming. Both stemming and lemmatization share a common goal of reducing a word to its base. However, lemmatization is more robust than stemming as it often involves usage of vocabulary and morphological analysis, as opposed to simply removing the suffix of the word. In this work, we introduce a novel lemmatization algorithm for the Arabic Language. The new lemmatizer proposed here is a part of a comprehensive Arabic tokenization system, with a stop words list exceeding 2200 Arabic words. Currently, there are two Arabic leading stemmers: the root-based stemmer and the light stemmer. We hypothesize that lemmatization would be more effective than stemming in mining Arabic text. We investigate the impact of our new lemmatizer on unsupervised data mining techniques in comparison to the leading Arabic stemmers. We conclude that lemmatization is a better word normalization method than stemming for Arabic text.
Tumorigenesis in intrasplenic ovaries in mice

INCE the reports by Biskind and Biskind, S Li and Gardner,24 and Furth and Sobell' concerning the occurrence of tumors in ovaries transplanted to the spleen in gonadectomized rats and mice, numerous studies oE the cffects of age and sex of host and administration of hormones upon such growths have been made. It has been hypothesized that hyperplasia in the intrasplenic ovary is correlated with continuous stimulation by hypophyseal hormones not held in check because the ovarian hormones are inactivated by the l i~er . 3~13~ Tumors like those found in intrasplenic ovaries occur in the ovaries of mice that have been subjected to general irradiation by roentgen rays.13 Both types of experimentally produced ovarian tumors resemble spontaneous ovarian tumors, which occur infrequently in mice.9. 32 Opinion concerning the histogenesis of tumors of the ovary in mammals has been diverse,23 and study of the experimental ones induced by roentgen rays and intrasplenic transplantation has not entirely settled the question. The relatively large size of the growths before their detection makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions concerning the manner of their origin. The high incidence of tumor formation in intrasplenic ovaries in gonadectomized mice suggested their use to determine the site of the initial hyperplasia and the sequence of events in the establishment of the atypical growths. Smith and Engle had shown that the hypophysis of very young mice contained gonadotropic hormone and that the ovary at 10 days of age was capable of response to gonadotropins; the ovary was fully sensitive at 17 days of age. If these latent potentialities could be released by transplanting the ovary
Evaluating Parapsychological Claims.

Imagine that you have been assigned to evaluate a parapsychological claim. The assignment could be from a journal editor or from a media outlet. Or it could come from a granting agency or an instructor. You might be faced with such a task in your role as a referee for a professional journal. Or you might take on the assignment out of curiosity. How would you proceed? Your first step might be to decide on the scope of the parapsychological claim. Are you dealing with a specific claim based on one experiment? Or is the claim based on evidence from a series of experiments? Perhaps you want to assess the status of the entire field of parapsychology. What, indeed, makes a claim “parapsychological? ” The term parapsychology was borrowed by J. B. Rhine to refer to what previously had been called psychical research . With the new label, Rhine wanted to promote an experimental science. Previous to Rhine, psychical research had focused on field investigations of haunted houses, tests of spiritualist mediums, surveys of premonitory dreams, and other dramatic, but controversial, paranormal claims. Rhine wanted parapsychology to focus on quantitative evidence obtained in controlled, laboratory settings. Beginning in the 1930s, parapsychologists started accumulating experimental evidence for the existence of extrasensory perception (ESP) and psychokinesis (PK). According to the glossary in the back of The Journal of Parapsychology , ESP is defined as “Experience of, or response to, a target object, state, event, or influence without sensory contact. ” ESP includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.