Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sleep Quality on the Association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Chinese College Students

Problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) is a risk factor for both adolescents’ sleep quality and mental health. It is important to examine the potential negative health effects of PMPU exposure. This study aims to evaluate PMPU and its association with mental health in Chinese college students. Furthermore, we investigated how sleep quality influences this association. In 2013, we collected data regarding participants’ PMPU, sleep quality, and mental health (psychopathological symptoms, anxiety, and depressive symptoms) by standardized questionnaires in 4747 college students. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to assess independent effects and interactions of PMPU and sleep quality with mental health. PMPU and poor sleep quality were observed in 28.2% and 9.8% of participants, respectively. Adjusted logistic regression models suggested independent associations of PMPU and sleep quality with mental health (p < 0.001). Further regression analyses suggested a significant interaction between these measures (p < 0.001). The study highlights that poor sleep quality may play a more significant role in increasing the risk of mental health problems in students with PMPU than in those without PMPU.
Root cause analysis of session management and broken authentication vulnerabilities

While there are numerous approaches to secure web applications as one of the most prevalent ways to harness the potential of the Internet, attackers almost daily come up with new attempts to exploit various vulnerabilities and compromise data found on the Net. One of the possible venues to attain sustainable solutions is to follow strategic approaches based on detailed analysis and understanding of problems rather than some of the common tactical and often reactive methods. The aim of the paper is to explore employment of Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in session management and broken authentication vulnerabilities and how it can be utilized to improve some security aspects of web applications. By employing RCA, we were able to identify 11 root causes of session management vulnerabilities and 9 root causes of broken authentication vulnerabilities. In addition, the approach provided a detailed, almost macroscopic, view of the vulnerabilities, which consequently led to effective solutions that can minimize the recurrence of attacks on web applications.
The Owners of Humanitarianism: The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations in Haitian Underdevelopment

Haiti is still recovering from the effects of the massive 2010 earthquake that destroyed much of its infrastructure. While a large international humanitarian response was mounted to save lives and rebuild the country, international nongovernmental organizations have failed to meet many of their most important and relevant objectives in the last four years. Nongovernmental organizations operate within a precise set of legal, economic and political restrictions that have variously been described as too lenient and too obstructive. This paper seeks to examine the governing aid framework in order to describe how a specific combination of limitations and liberties have resulted in organizational imperatives that obfuscate the economic origins of humanitarian financiers, limit aid transparency, reduces NGO accountability to both donors and recipients and lead to poor overall development outcomes. To demonstrate these outcomes this paper uses detailed case studies of three large nonprofit organizations operating in Haiti: Partners in Health, Save the Children and CARE. The objective is not to assume that these are perfectly representative outcomes of aid, but rather to show a variety of development outcomes that the aid apparatus either allowed for or failed to prevent.
Analysis of Telugu Palm Leaf Character Recognition Using 3D Feature

This paper deals with the recognition of Telugu characters on palm leaf using statistical features. Handwritten character recognition has various applications in post offices, reading aids for blind, library automation and multimedia design. Palm leaf manuscripts contain religious texts and a host of subjects such as art, medicine, music, astrology, law and astronomy. There is an inherent 3D feature for characters on palm leaf called depth. This depth is proportional to the writers stylus pressure applied at each pixel point. This 3D feature of every pixel in an image is used to recognize the palm leaf characters in the present work. The image is divided into zones and the sum of the pixel intensities in each zone is used as a feature vector to recognize the palm leaf characters. As per the literature survey, the recognition accuracy for handwritten characters is less than 60% and also very less amount of work is done for palm leaf character recognition. Using the proposed method the best recognition accuracy obtained for palm leaf characters is 96%.
Efficient segmentation methods for tumor detection in MRI images

Brain tumor extraction and its analysis are challenging tasks in medical image processing because brain image and its structure is complicated that can be analyzed only by expert radiologists. Segmentation plays an important role in the processing of medical images. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) has become a particularly useful medical diagnostic tool for diagnosis of brain and other medical images. This paper presents a comparative study of three segmentation methods implemented for tumor detection. The methods include k-means clustering with watershed segmentation algorithm, optimized k-means clustering with genetic algorithm and optimized c- means clustering with genetic algorithm. Traditional k-means algorithm is sensitive to the initial cluster centers. Genetic c-means and k-means clustering techniques are used to detect tumor in MRI of brain images. At the end of process the tumor is extracted from the MR image and its exact position and the shape are determined. The experimental results indicate that genetic c-means not only eliminate the over-segmentation problem, but also provide fast and efficient clustering results.
The Role Of Top Management Leadership In Adopting TQM Values:, Using Kurt Lewin’s Change Approach To Create And Sustain TQM

This paper aims at exploring how Top Management Leadership (TML) can act in order to adopt the appropriate values for Total Quality management (TQM) in the organizations. Kurt Lewin‘s change approach was proposed for TML as a useful process to evaluate, change and sustain the necessary values for TQM. Each stage of Lewin‘s model requires TML to provide necessary tools and methods in order to keep the operation of adopting TQM values on the right track.
WORKER SHARE OWNERSHIP AND THE MARKET FOR CORPORATE CONTROL IN RUSSIA

I would like to thank Erik Berglöf, Charles Brown, J. David Brown, Martha de Melo, Roger Gordon, David Hirshleifer, Barry Ickes, David Li, Michael Marresse, Barry Naughton, Randi Ryterman, Robert Sandy, Paul Suh, Paul Thistle, conference participants at the 1996 ASSA Meetings, seminar participants at Babson College, College of Wooster, Indiana University, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Kent State University, London School of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, University of Alabama, University of CaliforniaDavis, University of Michigan, Western Michigan University, and the World Bank, and three anonymous referees for many helpful comments. All errors remain my own.
03 01 14 7 v 3 2 5 M ay 2 00 3 Quantum Processors and Controllers

In this paper is presented an abstract theory of quantum processors and controllers, special kind of quantum computational network defined on a composite quantum system with two parts: the controlling and controlled subsystems. Such approach formally differs from consideration of quantum control as some external influence on a system using some set of Hamiltonians or quantum gates. The model of programmed quantum controllers discussed in present paper is based on theory of universal determinis-tic quantum processors (programmable gate arrays). Such quantum devices may simulate arbitrary evolution of quantum system and so demonstrate an example of universal quantum control.
Effect of impulsive noise on decode-and-forward cooperative relaying over fading channel

In this paper, the exact symbol error probability expression for a decode-and-forward cooperative relaying scheme using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in the presence of Rayleigh fading and Bernoulli-Gaussian impulsive noise is derived. Different from [1], we only consider the practical receiver structure at the destination without requiring any knowledge of impulsive noise. Also, the source retransmission when the relay fails to detect the source signal is discussed. Analytical results show that cooperative relaying in impulsive noise environment still achieves space diversity and better performance than direct transmission under same bandwidth efficiency and power consumption for any impulse power and impulse rate. However, the source retransmission-assisted cooperative relaying brings negligible improvement.
Rosat Pspc Observations of the Richest (r ≥ 2) Aco Clusters

We have compiled an X-ray catalog of optically selected rich clusters of galaxies observed by the PSPC during the pointed GO phase of the ROSAT mission. This paper contains a systematic X-ray analysis of 150 clusters with an optical richness classification of R ≥ 2 from the ACO catalog (Abell, Corwin, and Olowin 1989). All clusters were observed within 45 ′ of the optical axis of the telescope during pointed PSPC observations. For each cluster, we calculate: the net 0.5-2.0 keV PSPC count rate (or 4σ upper limit) in a 1 Mpc radius aperture, 0.5-2.0 keV flux and luminosity, bolometric luminosity, and X-ray centroid. The cluster sample is then used to examine correlations between the X-ray and optical properties of clusters, derive the X-ray luminosity function of clusters with different optical classifications, and obtain a quantitative estimate of contamination (i.e, the fraction of clusters with an optical richness significantly overestimated due to interloping galaxies) in the ACO catalog. Due to the large field of view of the PSPC, many rich clusters were serendipitously observed during the GO phase of the ROSAT mission. Of the 150 clusters in our sample, 82 were observed serendipitously, and 68 were targeted observations. The overall detection rate of serendipitously observed clusters is quite high at 76%. However, the detection rate is sensitive to the optical properties of clusters, and the details of the optical selection process. For example, all serendipitously observed Bautz-Morgan Type I and I-II clusters are detected, while only 71% of Bautz-Morgan Type II, II-III, and III clusters are detected. Beyond z ≈ 0.1, 83% of the observed Abell clusters are detected, compared to only 60% of southern ACO clusters. Due to the long integration times in pointed PSPC observations, the typical X-ray luminosity threshold for detection is quite low at ∼ 10 43 ergs s −1 for clusters within z=0.2. This luminosity is more characteristic of an X-ray luminous group rather than a rich cluster. The nondetected clusters must therefore be either highly unrelaxed systems or have an optical richness that is significantly overestimated due to contamination by interloping galaxies. We show that the later possibility is more likely since low X-ray luminosity clusters are preferentially found in denser cluster environments compared with X-ray luminous clusters. This contrast in cluster environment makes low X-ray luminosity clusters more susceptible to galaxy contamination than luminous systems. The fraction of clusters less luminous than an …
Run-time reconfiguration in VR Juggler

Most current virtual reality system designs use an overly static method of configuration. The configuration is specified in advance and once an application has started running in the system, it is not possible to change the its initial setup. This limits the abilities of the VR system to adapt to runtime changes and recover from system failures. The VR Juggler virtual reality development environment has been designed from its inception to be dynamic at run-time. VR Juggler allows components to be configured and replaced at run-time while allowing applications to execute transparently. This paper presents the motivation for the need for run-time reconfiguration and describes VR Juggler’s implementation of such a system.
THE EFFECTS OF HOST-PLANT GENOTYPE ON HERBIVORE POPULATION DYNAMICS

To determine whether plant genotype can affect long-term herbivore population dynamics, we used a density manipulation experiment to compare the dynamics of Mexican bean beetle populations living on four genotypes of soybeans. Five densities of beetle populations were created on each plant genotype. Each combination of density and genotype was replicated four times, yielding 80 experimental beetle populations. Populations were initiated by releasing adult beetles into 2.25 m2 cages filled with soybeans and located in a small soybean field. Beetle populations were censused weekly for one generation. Recruitment curves for beetle populations on each soybean genotype were plotted by fitting a Ricker model to the data using likelihood methods. The recruitment curves for all genotypes were significantly different from the curves for all other genotypes. The equilibrium beetle density predicted from the curves varied among genotypes by nearly twofold, and the predicted dynamics were fluctuating for all genotype.
Multiple Change-Point Estimation With a Total Variation Penalty

We propose a new approach for dealing with the estimation of the location of change-points in one-dimensional piecewise constant signals observed in white noise. Our approach consists in reframing this task in a variable selection context. We use a penalized least-square criterion with a ℓ1-type penalty for this purpose. We explain how to implement this method in practice by using the LARS / LASSO algorithm. We then prove that, in an appropriate asymptotic framework, this method provides consistent estimators of the change points with an almost optimal rate. We finally provide an improved practical version of this method by combining it with a reduced version of the dynamic programming algorithm and we successfully compare it with classical methods.
Determinants of asynchronous processing in vision

When a stimulus oscillates in both colour and direction of motion, changes in colour must lag behind those in direction if they are to be seen as concurrent. It has been argued that this lag is the consequence of asynchronous visual processing, with colour being processed more rapidly than motion. This proposal is contentious: it has been criticized on the basis that the time‐course of cortical activity may not correlate directly with that of perceptual experience. Here, we demonstrate that the extent of the apparent asynchrony can vary according to the prevailing stimulus conditions. The apparent asynchrony is greatest if the stimulus is composed of opponent directions of motion and is reduced if the angular difference between the directions is reduced. This pattern of results suggests that asynchronous neural activity arises, in part, as a consequence of differential levels of inhibition within relatively independent cortical structures.
Fact and Fiction in the Neuropsychology of Art

In her investigation Zaidel uses a range of established artists (i.e. artists who are recognised as such by art history and society broadly construed) from a range of time periods and artistic persuasions as objects of study. Our main criticism is that this focus is mistaken for two reasons. First, to address the questions that neuroscience can reasonably be expected address, there is no need to focus on established artists. In fact, art school undergraduates would not be less valuable subjects. Second, the choice of historical figures as subjects forces Zaidel to extract her data from sketchy and incomplete historical records (incomplete in that they do not provide detailed information about the exact nature of brain damage suffered), which rarely, if ever, provide data that are fit for purpose. Studying ‘ordinary’ art students rather than established historical figures also makes this problem go away. And this is what we recommend should happen: rather then relying on gappy historical records, data should be gathered on living painters using state of the art technology, and these painters can be chosen arbitrarily since nothing depends on their standing in the art world.
Peripartum Isolated Cortical Vein Thrombosis in a Mother with Postdural Puncture Headache Treated with an Epidural Blood Patch

A 32-year-old woman presented with low pressure headache 3 days after delivery of her baby. An assessment of postdural puncture headache was made. This was initially treated with analgesia, caffeine, and fluids for the presumed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The woman was readmitted two days after her hospital discharge with generalised seizures. A brain scan showed features of intracranial hypotension, and she was treated for CSF leak using an epidural blood patch. Her symptoms worsened and three days later, she developed a left homonymous quadrantanopia. An MRI scan confirmed a right parietal haematoma with evidence of isolated cortical vein thrombosis (ICVT).
Dichotic pitch: a new stimulus distinguishes normal and dyslexic auditory function

TWO patterns of appropriately filtered acoustic white noise can be binaurally fused by the human auditory system to extract pitch and location information that is not available to either ear alone. This phenomenon is called dichotic pitch. Here we present a new method for generating more effective and useful dichotic pitch stimuli. These novel stimuli allow the psychophysical assessment of dichotic pitch detection thresholds. We show that dichotic pitch detection is significantly impaired in individuals with developmental dyslexia, as compared to average readers. These results suggest a low-level auditory deficit associated with dyslexia and also demonstrate the potential value of our new dichotic pitch stimuli for assessment of auditory processing.
Real-Time Integration of Building Energy Data

An Energy Management System (EMS) is a monitoring tool that tracks buildings energy consumption with the purpose of enhancing energy efficiency, by identifying savings opportunities and misuse situations. To achieve this, EMSs collect data flows-data streams-from a network of energy meters and sensors, which are then combined into useful information. Data must be processed in real-time, to support a timely decision making process. Traditionally EMSs use Database Management Systems (DBMSs) to process data, introducing a persistence step that leads to an unacceptable latency on data evaluation and do not properly support many types of time-series queries. This work explores the feasibility of Data Stream Management Systems (DSMSs) to support Energy Management applications, pointing out how to implement an EMS capable of real-time data processing.
Child Care Subsidy Programs

Child care and early education subsidies are an important part of government efforts to increase economic independence and improve development of children in low-income families in the United States. This chapter describes the main subsidy programs in the U.S., discusses economic issues that arise in designing such programs and evaluating their effects, and surveys evidence on the effects of the programs. An important theme of the chapter is the tradeoff between the policy goals of increasing economic independence and improving child outcomes. All child care and early education subsidies affect both work incentives and inputs to child development. But a subsidy designed specifically to achieve one of these policy goals will usually be relatively ineffective at accomplishing the other goal. The evidence indicates that child care subsidies that reduce the effective price to parents of all purchased child care, regardless of the type and location of care, cause the employment rate of mothers of young children to increase. The most reliable evidence suggests that the effect is fairly small, but the range of estimates in the literature is quite large. The three main difficulties encountered in research on this issue are finding appropriate control groups, accounting for the wide prevalence of unpaid child care arrangements, and identification of the effect of the price of child care. Evidence on the employment effects of subsidies restricted to high-quality child care arrangements is non-existent. There is very little evidence of the effect of child care subsidies on child development outcomes.
Symbolic Bayesian Inference by Lazy Partial Evaluation

Bayesian inference, of posterior knowledge based on prior knowledge and observed evidence, is typically implemented by applying Bayes’s theorem, solving an equation in which the posterior multiplied by the probability of an observation equals a joint probability. But when we observe a value of a continuous variable, the observation usually has probability zero, and Bayes’s theorem says only that zero times the unknown is zero. To infer a posterior distribution from a zero-probability observation, we turn to the statistical technique of disintegration. The classic formulation of disintegration tells us only what constitutes a posterior distribution, not how to compute it. But by representing all distributions and observations as terms of our probabilistic language, core Hakaru, we have developed the first constructive method of computing disintegrations, solving the problem of drawing inferences from zeroprobability observations. Our method uses a lazy partial evaluator to transform terms of core Hakaru, and we argue its correctness by a semantics of core Hakaru in which monadic terms denote measures. The method, which has been implemented in a larger system, is useful not only on its own but also in composition with sampling and other inference methods commonly used in machine learning.
How to keep the smile ? : dynamic vega hedges and volatility derivatives

In this thesis, we study the problem of hedging the volatility risk with consistent models and with volatility derivatives in two different cases : only the stock is traded and both the stock and vanilla options (European puts and calls) are traded. In the first case, we assume that the information content is the risk neutral moments of the logreturn. Then, we give a moment consistent model thanks to an extension for the local volatility model (Dupire 1994). We dynamically delta hedge the volatility risk. Moreover, we obtain closed-form formulas for the price of a European call similar to the Jarrow-Rudd formula (Jarrow and Rudd 1982) and for the smile of implied volatility. In the second case, we choose two different ways : the skew market model (SMM) and the volatility derivatives. The SMM describes the dynamics iod the smiles of implied volatility with the ATM (at-the-money) volatility, the skew and the curve, i. E. The convexity level. These processes are synthetically tradeable, i. E. Replicable, with vanilla options. They provide dynamic hedges, called vega hedges, against the main moves of the smile : the SMM dynamically delta-vega hedge the volatility risk. We give conditions of absence of arbitrage in this model. Finally, we introduce the volatility derivatives. They are used for statically hedging the volatility risk (static vega hedge), in addition to the dynamic delta hedge. After a presentation of the volatility derivatives, we will see that, except for a few volatility derivatives as the famous variance swap (Dupire 1992), their development strongly depends on an arbitrage free market model which provides efficient dynamic vega hedges.