Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Coverage Functions and Private Release of Marginals

We study the problem of approximating and learning coverage functions. A function $c: 2^{[n]} \rightarrow \mathbf{R}^{+}$ is a coverage function, if there exists a universe $U$ with non-negative weights $w(u)$ for each $u \in U$ and subsets $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_n$ of $U$ such that $c(S) = \sum_{u \in \cup_{i \in S} A_i} w(u)$. Alternatively, coverage functions can be described as non-negative linear combinations of monotone disjunctions. They are a natural subclass of submodular functions and arise in a number of applications. We give an algorithm that for any $\gamma,\delta>0$, given random and uniform examples of an unknown coverage function $c$, finds a function $h$ that approximates $c$ within factor $1+\gamma$ on all but $\delta$-fraction of the points in time $poly(n,1/\gamma,1/\delta)$. This is the first fully-polynomial algorithm for learning an interesting class of functions in the demanding PMAC model of Balcan and Harvey (2011). Our algorithms are based on several new structural properties of coverage functions. Using the results in (Feldman and Kothari, 2014), we also show that coverage functions are learnable agnostically with excess $\ell_1$-error $\epsilon$ over all product and symmetric distributions in time $n^{\log(1/\epsilon)}$. In contrast, we show that, without assumptions on the distribution, learning coverage functions is at least as hard as learning polynomial-size disjoint DNF formulas, a class of functions for which the best known algorithm runs in time $2^{\tilde{O}(n^{1/3})}$ (Klivans and Servedio, 2004). As an application of our learning results, we give simple differentially-private algorithms for releasing monotone conjunction counting queries with low average error. In particular, for any $k \leq n$, we obtain private release of $k$-way marginals with average error $\bar{\alpha}$ in time $n^{O(\log(1/\bar{\alpha}))}$.
Arsenophonus GroEL Interacts with CLCuV and Is Localized in Midgut and Salivary Gland of Whitefly B. tabaci

Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) (Gemininiviridae: Begomovirus) is the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum). CLCuV is exclusively transmitted by the whitefly species B. tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Alerodidae). B. tabaci contains several biotypes which harbor dissimilar bacterial endo-symbiotic community. It is reported that these bacterial endosymbionts produce a 63 kDa chaperon GroEL protein which binds to geminivirus particles and protects them from rapid degradation in gut and haemolymph. In biotype B, GroEL protein of Hamiltonella has been shown to interact with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). The present study was initiated to find out whether endosymbionts of B. tabaci are similarly involved in CLCuV transmission in Sriganganagar (Rajasthan), an area endemic with cotton leaf curl disease. Biotype and endosymbiont diversity of B. tabaci were identified using MtCO1 and 16S rDNA genes respectively. Analysis of our results indicated that the collected B. tabaci population belong to AsiaII genetic group and harbor the primary endosymbiont Portiera and the secondary endosymbiont Arsenophonus. The GroEL proteins of Portiera and Arsenophonus were purified and in-vitro interaction studies were carried out using pull down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. In-vivo interaction was confirmed using yeast two hybrid system. In both in-vitro and in-vivo studies, the GroEL protein of Arsenophonus was found to be interacting with the CLCuV coat protein. Further, we also localized the presence of Arsenophonus in the salivary glands and the midgut of B. tabaci besides the already reported bacteriocytes. These results suggest the involvement of Arsenophonus in the transmission of CLCuV in AsiaII genetic group of B. tabaci.
Beneficial effects of amantadine on L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease

L‐Dopa‐induced dyskinesias constitute a challenge to the management of advanced Parkinson's disease. According to recent reports, treatment with the NMDA receptor antagonist amantadine may significantly diminish L‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias. In the present study, the effect of amantadine on L‐dopa‐induced dykinesias was assessed in a 5‐week, double‐blind crossover trial. Dyskinesia severity as assessed following oral L‐dopa challenges and by self‐scoring dyskinesia diaries were reduced approximately 50% after amantadine treatment compared with baseline or placebo phases. Similarly, dyskinesia assessments on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part IV (items 32 and 33) also revealed significant improvement after treatment with amantadine. The magnitude of the L‐dopa motor response to oral challenges was not different after amantadine or placebo treatment, and there was no significant reduction of daily off‐time when patients received active treatment. These results confirm previous observations concerning the antidyskinetic potential of amantadine.
Scleroderma renal crisis in tropical region: two senegalese cases

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is defined as the new onset of accelerated arterial hypertension and /or rapidly progressive oliguric renal failure during the course of systemic sclerosis. It is a rare but life-threatening complication. This formerly serious complication has got a considerable brighter outlook since the introduction of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) however the mortality is still remaining high. We report two cases of SRC which to our knowledge are the firsts described in Dakar. They were two women aged 45 and 32 years, one of them was previously following for systemic sclerosis. Both of them had malignant hypertension associated with rapidly progressive renal failure, the other was put under corticosteroid therapy four months before SRC occurrence. The histological and laboratory finding showed thrombotic microangiopathy. The height blood pressure returned to normal value after treatment with ACE inhibitors. The final outcome was undesirable with the death of one after two months due to the hemodialysis discontinuation and persistence of renal failure in the other.
Concept Genetic = Heritable ( Genetic = DNA )

Implicit in this, and many other writings, is the equivalence between the term “genetic” and those signals encoded by DNA sequences. How did we get to this peculiar definition of the term “genetic,” a definition that seems to be held by most contemporary evolutionary biologists (Sarkar 1998)? Here we discuss the ramifications of this definition and how it has created a false dichotomy between neo-Darwinian and neo-Lamarckian evolution.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture

This document is intended to provide information to Member States, National Commissions and others, regarding conferences and meetings to be convened in 2010 and 2011 by UNESCO, or jointly with other organizations. its subsidiary organs. NOTE The list of decentralized meetings (categories V to VIII) is published by the respective Regional Offices and distributed to the Member States in the Region.
Dynamic split model of resource utilization in MapReduce

MapReduce is gaining increasing popularity as a parallel programming model for large-scale data processing. We find however some traditional MapReduce platforms have a poor performance in terms of cluster resource utilization since the traditional multi-phase parallel model and some existing schedule policies used in the cluster environment have some drawbacks. We address these problems through our experience in designing a Dynamic Split Model of the resources utilization which contains two technologies, Dynamic Resource Allocation considering the phase priority as well as job requirement when allocating resources and Resource Usage Pipeline which can assign tasks dynamically. We verify our optimization on top of Hadoop and the results show that these technologies can improve the throughput by 21.72%, the average wall time gain is 55.83%. And we improve the percentage of user CPU utilization by 12.93%, reduce the percentage of iowait CPU and idle CPU utilization by 6.61% and 6.73%. The upstream speed and downstream speed are increased by 11.3% and 23.5%. What's more, we have relieved the Disk I/O bottleneck by 30.3%.
Theory of Political Economy

THE contents of the following pages can hardly meet with ready acceptance among those who regard the Science of Political Economy as having already acquired a nearly perfect form. I believe it is generally supposed that Adam Smith laid the foundations of this science; that Malthus, Anderson, and Senior added important doctrines; that Ricardo systematised the whole; and, finally, that Mr. J. S. Mill filled in the details and completely expounded this branch of knowledge. Mr. Mill appears to have had a similar notion; for he distinctly asserts that there was nothing; in the Laws of Value which remained for himself or any future writer to clear up. Doubtless it is difficult to help feeling that opinions adopted and confirmed by such eminent men have much weight of probability in their favour. Yet, in the other sciences this weight of authority has not been allowed to restrict the free examination of new opinions and theories; and it has often been ultimately proved that authority was on the wrong side.
Asynchronous control for discrete switched systems over network by using sojourn probability method

This paper is concerned with the design of robust H∞ controllers for a class of networked switched discrete systems under asynchronous switching. The asynchronous switching means that the switching of the controllers has a lag to the switching of system modes due to the limited bandwidth of networks. By sampled asynchronous switched systems with time-varying delays and using sojourn probability information, a new kind of networked switched system model is proposed. The stability analysis and the design of the corresponding controllers for the system model are provided by using average dwell time approach and Lyapunov functional method. Based on the result of the stability, the Hm performance analysis under asynchronous switching is also solved. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Colonial Policies and Women's Participation in Public Life: The Case of British Southern Cameroons

Much of the literature on colonial policies towards women has highlighted the ways that these policies spread Western notions of domesticity and narrowed the space available for African women to participate in public life. Drawing from the case of British Southern Cameroons, this paper argues that colonial policies and encounters were in fact more complex. While certain policies did seek to propagate European notions of domesticity and to confine African women to the private space of the home, others opened new opportunities for education, salaried employment, and participation in women's organizations. The paper stresses that colonial encounters often had multiple, and even contradictory, effects and that African women were not merely passive subjects, but agents capable of rejecting and transforming colonial policies and ideologies that did not meet their needs.
The NLM Value Set Authority Center

The Value Set Authority Center (VSAC) at the National Library of Medicine (NLM) provides downloadable access to all official versions of vocabulary value sets contained in the Clinical Quality Measures (CQMs) used in the certification criteria for electronic health record systems ("Meaningful Use" incentive program). Each value set consists of the numerical values (codes) and human-readable names (descriptions), drawn from standard vocabularies such as LOINC, RxNorm and SNOMED CT®, that are used to define clinical data elements used in clinical quality measures (e.g., patients with diabetes, tricyclic antidepressants). The content of the VSAC will gradually expand to incorporate value sets for other use cases, as well as for new measures and updates to existing measures.
Chromatin Remodeling in Cardiovascular Development and Physiology Epigenetic Reprogramming for Cardiovascular Regeneration Dna Methylation in Cell Identity and Disease Chromatin Remodeling in Cardiovascular Development and Physiology

Chromatin regulation provides an important means for controlling cardiac gene expression under different physiological and pathological conditions. Processes that direct the development of normal embryonic hearts and pathology of stressed adult hearts may share general mechanisms that govern cardiac gene expression by chromatin-regulating factors. These common mechanisms may provide a framework for us to investigate the interactions among diverse chromatin remodelers/modifiers and various transcription factors in the fine regulation of gene expression, essential for all aspects of cardiovascular biology. Aberrant cardiac gene expression, triggered by a variety of pathological insults, can cause heart diseases in both animals and humans. The severity of cardiomyopathy and heart failure correlates strongly with abnormal cardiac gene expression. Therefore, controlling cardiac gene expression presents a promising approach to the treatment of human cardiomyopathy. This review focuses on the roles of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes in the control of gene expression during cardiovascular development and disease. F orming a heart that pumps for perhaps 80 years in a human life with near-perfect fluid dynamics is a challenging task. Heart development is thus a precisely regulated process, and the required gene expression is tightly controlled. Many different genes are expressed in fetal and adult hearts to meet the distinct developmental and physiological needs. However, when adult hearts are stressed by various pathological insults such as ischemia, pressure, or volume overload, they may express or activate certain genes that are normally only expressed in fetal hearts. This reexpression of " fetal " genes in adult hearts contributes to the disease process that leads to cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control cardiac gene expression under developmental and different pathophysiological conditions. One important control of gene expression is through chromatin regulation. Human cells have evolved sophisticated packaging methods to compact the 1.7-m-long DNA into a nucleus approximately 6 ␮m in diameter. First, 147 base pairs of DNA are wrapped around an octameric core of histone proteins, composed of 2 molecules of each of the canonical H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histones, to form a nucleosome, a basic building block of the chromatin (Figure, A). These repeating units of nucleosomes are then tightly organized into higher-order scaffolds to further condense the DNA. Within each nucleosome, the positively charged resi
Investigating bitumen’s direct interaction with Tetradecane as potential phase change material for low temperature applications

Temperature is significantly influencing the behaviour of asphalt road surfaces. In case of cooling, asphalt pavements become stiffer eventually reaching a brittle state at which thermal cracking may occur. Phase change materials (PCM) respond to the environmental changes by actively altering their own properties by absorbing, storing, or releasing heat without changing their own temperature. Nevertheless, the application of phase change materials in thermoplastic materials, such as asphalt, has drawn attention only recently. The current study aims with an innovative approach for buffering and controlling extreme low temperatures in asphalt road surfaces by incorporating PCM as an additive for storing heat energy in a latent form. However, the results showed that the addition of Tetradecane as raw PCM material into the bitumen 10/20, 70/100 and 160/220 drastically increased penetration and decreased the conventional characteristics such as softening temperature as well as the complex modulus. The results of this study reveal that the direct interaction of Tetradecane with bitumen significantly affects the rheological properties of bitumen without storing heat energy in a latent form. Therefore, the choice of a suitable PCM and its incorporation in bitumen (e.g. microencapsulation, shape stabilisation) and possible leakage of protected PCM due to breakage of shell is very important in the context of bitumen modification.
The biosynthesis of lactose

The most outstanding development influencing research on the problems of lactose synthesis during the last 10 years has undoubtedly been the discovery of the heatstable coenzyme uridine-diphospho-glucose (UDPG) (Caputto, Leloir, Trucco, Cardini & Paladini 1949; Caputto, Leloir, Cardini & Paladini 1950), and the subsequent recognition of the part played by this coenzyme in the galactowaldenase system (Leloir 1951). This work gave the impetus to many later investigations as a result of which it is now possible to give a fairly precise account of what is probably the main pathway of lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. Until the implications of Leloir’s work in relation to lactose synthesis had been fully explored consideration of this problem was largely based on conjecture; its status at that time has been fully presented in earlier reviews (Folley 1949; Malpress 1951; Folley 1954) and no specific account of it will be given here, but one early and prophetic contribution certainly should be recalled at this point. In 1943 Kosterlitz (Kosterlitz 1943), as a result of experiments in which he showed the formation of galactose-1-phosphate in the livers of rats fed with galactose, made the tentative suggestion that his findings could presuppose an enzyme capable of causing the change galactose-1-phosphate ⇌ glucose-1-phosphate. This was a novel approach to the problem of the interconversion of the two hexoses, implying as it did their direct conversion without preliminary cleavage into smaller units. Kosterlitz was, in effect, foreshadowing a typical ‘waldenase’ action, an interpretation that has been fully justified by Leloir’s work.
Relational click prediction for sponsored search

This paper is concerned with the prediction of clicking an ad in sponsored search. The accurate prediction of user's click on an ad plays an important role in sponsored search, because it is widely used in both ranking and pricing of the ads. Previous work on click prediction usually takes a single ad as input, and ignores its relationship to the other ads shown in the same page. This independence assumption here, however, might not be valid in the real scenario. In this paper, we first perform an analysis on this issue by looking at the click-through rates (CTR) of the same ad, in the same position and for the same query, but surrounded by different ads. We found that in most cases the CTR varies largely, which suggests that the relationship between ads is really an important factor in predicting click probability. Furthermore, our investigation shows that the more similar the surrounding ads are to an ad, the lower the CTR of the ad is. Based on this observation, we design a continuous conditional random fields (CRF) based model for click prediction, which considers both the features of an ad and its similarity to the surrounding ads. We show that the model can be effectively learned using maximum likelihood estimation, and can also be efficiently inferred due to its closed form solution. Our experimental results on the click-through log from a commercial search engine show that the proposed model can predict clicks more accurately than previous independent models. To our best knowledge this is the first work that predicts ad clicks by considering the relationship between ads.
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 prevents oxidative injury by upregulating the expression of aldose reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract The omega-6 fatty acid derivative 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is believed to play a role in cellular protection against oxidative stress in diverse cell systems. However, the cellular mechanisms by which protection is afforded by 15d-PGJ2 are not fully elucidated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we report the finding that 15d-PGJ2 elicited a time and concentration- dependent increase in aldose reductase (AR) expression. This induction was independent of the activation of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) significantly suppressed the increase in expression and promoter activity of AR induced by 15d-PGJ2. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 targets the multiple stress response regions comprising the antioxidant response element in the promoter of the AR gene. 15d-PGJ2-mediated induction of AR promoter activity was potentiated in the presence of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), but not in cells expressing dominant negative Nrf2. Cells treated with 15d-PGJ2 were resistant to oxidant-induced apoptotic cell death by inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species. These effects were significantly attenuated in the presence of an AR inhibitor or small interfering RNA against AR, indicating that AR plays a protective role against oxidative injury. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that activation of PI3K by 15d-PGJ2 increases the expression of AR through Nrf2, and increased AR activity may function as an important cellular response against oxidative injury.
A natural-inspired optimization machine based on the annual migration of salmons in nature

Bio inspiration is a branch of artificial simulation science that shows pervasive contributions to variety of engineering fields such as automate pattern recognition, systematic fault detection and applied optimization. In this paper, a new metaheuristic optimizing algorithm that is the simulation of The Great Salmon Run(TGSR) is developed. The obtained results imply on the acceptable performance of implemented method in optimization of complex non convex, multi dimensional and multi-modal problems. To prove the superiority of TGSR in both robustness and quality, it is also compared with most of the well known proposed optimizing techniques such as Simulated Annealing (SA), Parallel Migrating Genetic Algorithm (PMGA), Differential Evolutionary Algorithm (DEA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Bee Algorithm (BA), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Cuckoo Search (CS). The obtained results confirm the acceptable performance of the proposed method in both robustness and quality for different bench-mark optimizing problems and also prove the authors claim.
Effect of four medicinal plants on amyloid-β induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.

Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder. This study was designed to determine the effect of four medicinal plants used to treat neurodegenerative diseases on Aβ-induced cell death. Cytotoxicity of the ethanol extracts of the plants was determined against SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma) cells which were untreated, as well as toxically induced with Aβ, using the MTT and neutral red uptake assays. Cell viability was reduced to 16% when exposed to 20 µM Aβ25-35 for 72 h. The methanol extract of the roots of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. , Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. and Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. , were the least toxic to the SH-SY5Ycells at the highest concentration tested (100 µg/ml). All four plants tested were observed to reduce the effects of Aβ-induced neuronal cell death, indicating that they may contain compounds which may be relevant in the prevention of AD progression.