Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Industrial Relations In Great Britain: A Critique of Reformism

tout court. What is, however, possible is to describe, in broad terms, a set of industrial relations ’problems’, from consideration of which the arguments of virtually all advocates of reform begin. Furthermore, one may trace, if not the first recognition, then at least the dominant formulation of these problems and of their interrelations to a particular intellectual source: namely, that of the ’Oxford’ school of industrial relations which developed in the 1950s and which reached the height of its influence with the work of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers’ Associations (the ’Donovan’ Commission between 1965 and 1968). ’ The problems in question may be stated briefly as follows. i) The strike problem: the increase from the later 1950s onwards ins the frequency of unofficial and unconstitutional strikes in all major industries except mining. ii) The restrictive practices problem: the relative inefficiency in labour . utilisation in British industry, traceable in some important part to overmanning, rigid job demarcation, the systematic control of output and other forms of work regulation upheld by groups of rank-and-file employees with, or more often without, the official support of their unions. iii) The wageor earnings-drift problem: the uncontrolled upward movement of earnings, and thus of labour costs, which results from
Perceptions of corporate social responsibility in Australian forestry companies

To date, limited research has been conducted investigating forest company employee views about corporate social responsibility (CSR). We interviewed 19 employees within two forest companies in Australia. Employees mostly understood CSR as an approach to business not purely focused on financial outcomes, but also addressing social and environmental objectives. Some employees also believed that CSR was an action required for community acceptance of forestry, although many believed CSR would not always be effective in improving acceptance of their company’s practices. Employees believed that not all negative perceptions of forestry practices could be addressed within the scope of their company’s CSR strategy. However, there are opportunities to improve current practice by: a) improving the ability to measure company social license to operate; b) enhancing relationships with a broader range of stakeholders; c) improving collaborations with other forest organisations to address industry social licence to operate issues.
Policy changes through decision models: planning and implementing Florida growth management, 1970–2010

This study analyzes Florida's five growth management policies from 1970 to 2010. The two most recent policies cover sustainable urban development initiatives. In each of the five policies, one decision model represents the planning policy phase including state legislation and another model represents the subsequent policy implementation (administration) phase including state–regional–local regulation and enforcement. The thread of different models throughout the 10 phases reveals critical changes in legislation and implementation decision styles. It shows policy change and development from problem emergence through decades of legislation and implementation experiences. Florida's narrative demonstrates successful planning and problematic discretionary implementation including numerous incremental compliance versions. The failure of planning policies to link effectively to implementation highlights the distinction between legislative requirements and administrative activities. Implementation also played a key role in influencing subsequent planning and implementation phases.
The Keys to the White House: Forecast for 2008

Scott and Alfred describe Allan Lichtman's Keys Model as an example of an index method of forecasting, which assigns ratings of favorable, unfavorable, or indeterminate to influencing variables. They describe how index methods have been applied in other decision-making contexts, and they discuss when such methods might be useful analytical tools for business forecasters. In the context of presidential election forecasting, they compare the keys model to several regression models and find that it stacks up quite well against these more sophisticated alternatives. Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2005
Detection of rearranged T cell receptor β‐chain gene and induction of cytolytic function in interleukin 2‐ responsive day 14–15 murine fetal thymocytes

A subpopulation of interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor‐positive day 14–15 murine fetal thymocytes can be induced by recombinant IL 2 to proliferate over prolonged time periods in dissociated cell cultures. The proliferating day 14–15 fetal thymocytes exhibit no cytolytic effector function, nor do they rearrange T cell receptor β chain genes. This contrasts with thymic organ cultures in which day 14–15 thymocytes do rearrange β chain genes and give rise to immunocompetent cells. However, such events can also take place in dissociated cell cultures, provided the IL 2‐responsive thymocytes are cultured on syngeneic feeder cells in the presence of IL 2 and the mitogen concanavalin A. Under such conditions rearrangement of the β chain gene complex becomes detectable and cytolytic effector cells are generated. The frequency of inducible cytolytic precursor cells in day 14–15 thymocytes is 1/7000. These data either imply that immunocompetent cells are already present in the day 14–15 fetal thymus, or differentiation from precursors to immunocompetent cells must occur in dissociated cell cultures.
A Numerical Study of Line-Edge Roughness Scattering in Graphene Nanoribbons

The role of line-edge roughness scattering on the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons is numerically investigated. The nonequilibrium Green function formalism, along with an atomistic tight-binding model, is employed. Our results indicate that, depending on the geometrical and roughness parameters, the transport of carriers can be in the diffusive or localization regime. We extract the mean free path and the localization length, which characterize the diffusive and localization regimes, respectively. In the diffusive regime, the conductance linearly decreases with length, whereas in the localization regime, it exponentially decreases with length. However, as the localization length depends on the carrier energy, an effective transport gap in this regime can be defined. This gap is evaluated as a function of the geometrical and roughness parameters, and its impact on the device performance is discussed.
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL) Protein Expression by B Lymphocytes Contributes to Ovariectomy-induced Bone Loss*

Background: The contribution of B lymphocytes to the bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency is unclear. Results: Deletion of the cytokine receptor activator of NFκB ligand from B lymphocytes, but not T lymphocytes, blunted bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Conclusion: Cytokine production by B lymphocytes contributes to ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Significance: This mechanism may be relevant to the mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Production of the cytokine receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) by lymphocytes has been proposed as a mechanism by which sex steroid deficiency causes bone loss. However, there have been no studies that functionally link RANKL expression in lymphocytes with bone loss in this condition. Herein, we examined whether RANKL expression in either B or T lymphocytes contributes to ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Mice harboring a conditional RANKL allele were crossed with CD19-Cre or Lck-Cre mice to delete RANKL in B or T lymphocytes, respectively. Deletion of RANKL from either cell type had no impact on bone mass in estrogen-replete mice up to 7 months of age. However, mice lacking RANKL in B lymphocytes were partially protected from the bone loss caused by ovariectomy. This protection occurred in cancellous, but not cortical, bone and was associated with a failure to increase osteoclast numbers in the conditional knock-out mice. Deletion of RANKL from T lymphocytes had no impact on ovariectomy-induced bone loss. These results demonstrate that lymphocyte RANKL is not involved in basal bone remodeling, but B cell RANKL does contribute to the increase in osteoclasts and cancellous bone loss that occurs after loss of estrogen.
Predictable Patterns after Large Stock Price Changes on the Tokyo Stock Exchange

Abstract This paper extends to Japanese stocks recent research on short-term stock price adjustment to new information. Using standard methodologies, we find that stock returns of firms included in the Nikkei 300 tend to be significantly positive after large price decreases. This is similar to the pattern observed for American stocks in other research. The pattern remains when returns are adjusted for market movements, and exists independently of the October 1987 market break. We find little evidence of significant patterns following large stock price increases. We also find little evidence that non-transaction prices explain the persistent, significant returns observed following large price decreases on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. We conjecture that broker/dealers and TSE member firms respond to large price decreases not by trading for their own profit, but rather by selectively supplying liquidity to their preferred retail customers. We conclude that ordinary investors probably cannot earn economic profits from these statistically significant patterns.
Mrp1 Multidrug Resistance‐Associated Protein and P‐Glycoprotein Expression in Rat Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells

Abstract: Two membrane glycoproteins acting as energy‐dependent efflux pumps, mdr‐encoded P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and the more recently described multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP), are known to confer cellular resistance to many cytotoxic hydrophobic drugs. In the brain, P‐gp has been shown to be expressed specifically in the capillary endothelial cells forming the blood‐brain barrier, but localization of MRP has not been well characterized yet. Using RT‐PCR and immunoblot analysis, we have compared the expression of P‐gp and Mrp1 in homogenates, isolated capillaries, primary cultured endothelial cells, and RBE4 immortalized endothelial cells from rat brain. Whereas the mdr1a P‐gp‐encoding mRNA was specifically detected in brain microvessels and mdr1b mRNA in brain parenchyma, mrp1 mRNA was present both in microvessels and in parenchyma. However, Mrp1 was weakly expressed in microvessels. Mrp1 expression was higher in brain parenchyma, as well as in primary cultured brain endothelial cells and in immortalized RBE4 cells. This Mrp1 overexpression in cultured brain endothelial cells was less pronounced when the cells were cocultured with astrocytes. A low Mrp activity could be demonstrated in the endothelial cell primary monocultures, because the intracellular [3H]vincristine accumulation was increased by several MRP modulators. No Mrp activity was found in the cocultures or in the RBE4 cells. We suggest that in rat brain, Mrp1, unlike P‐gp, is not predominantly expressed in the blood‐brain barrier endothelial cells and that Mrp1 and the mdr1b P‐gp isoform may be present in other cerebral cells.
Carbon management strategies - a quest for corporate competitiveness

This multiple case study analysis examines the extent to which five global car manufacturers apply carbon management strategies. Following a clear business strategy standpoint, the theoretical arguments are based on a framework developed by Orsato (2006). For this context, we highlight two key differences between carbon management and general environment strategies: the option of compensation and the demand for life-cycle efforts by stakeholders. Our analysis is based on eight carbon management strategies reflecting both carbon reduction and compensation strategies. The results show that the car manufacturers tend to embark on similar strategies in terms of carbon reductions, but less so for carbon compensation. Drawing on institutional theory, we explain this result by a lack of clearly established and widely expressed stakeholder expectations regarding carbon compensation. We conclude that carbon compensation may not yet be fully exploited and thus could be a short-term option when seeking competitive advantages in the automotive industry.
Clinical issues of blood cultures.

Dramatic changes in the methods of obtaining blood cultures in clinical practice have recently occurred owing to factors such as the rising number of patients at risk for infection, "newer" pathogens occurring in the bloodstream, widespread use of indwelling intravascular devices, and our improved ability to recover and identify microorganisms in blood. Guidelines for the "proper" practice of obtaining blood cultures are needed. Blood cultures must be obtained under sterile conditions when there is suspicion of bacteremia/ mycobacteremia, fungemia, or viremia. This review provides recent information on optimal blood culture practices during suspected bloodstream infection in hospitalized patients including those with continuous or intermittent bacteremia, patients with intravascular devices, and compromised hosts such as immunodeficient patients and those in intensive care units. The traditional two-bottle system of aerobic and anaerobic cultures continues to be helpful, although the frequency of anaerobic bacteremia has decreased. More recently, special culture/transport media have become available for the recovery of mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses. Communication between the clinician and laboratory personnel frequently aids in improving the yield from blood cultures. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:841-849)
Ketamine for chronic pain: risks and benefits

The anaesthetic ketamine is used to treat various chronic pain syndromes, especially those that have a neuropathic component. Low dose ketamine produces strong analgesia in neuropathic pain states, presumably by inhibition of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor although other mechanisms are possibly involved, including enhancement of descending inhibition and anti‐inflammatory effects at central sites. Current data on short term infusions indicate that ketamine produces potent analgesia during administration only, while three studies on the effect of prolonged infusion (4–14 days) show long‐term analgesic effects up to 3 months following infusion. The side effects of ketamine noted in clinical studies include psychedelic symptoms (hallucinations, memory defects, panic attacks), nausea/vomiting, somnolence, cardiovascular stimulation and, in a minority of patients, hepatoxicity. The recreational use of ketamine is increasing and comes with a variety of additional risks ranging from bladder and renal complications to persistent psychotypical behaviour and memory defects. Blind extrapolation of these risks to clinical patients is difficult because of the variable, high and recurrent exposure to the drug in ketamine abusers and the high frequency of abuse of other illicit substances in this population. In clinical settings, ketamine is well tolerated, especially when benzodiazepines are used to tame the psychotropic side effects. Irrespective, close monitoring of patients receiving ketamine is mandatory, particularly aimed at CNS, haemodynamic, renal and hepatic symptoms as well as abuse. Further research is required to assess whether the benefits outweigh the risks and costs. Until definite proof is obtained ketamine administration should be restricted to patients with therapy‐resistant severe neuropathic pain.
STAT 3 Inhibition Is a Therapeutic Strategy for ABC-like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Persistent STAT3 signaling contributes to malignant progression in many diverse types of human cancer. STAT3 is constitutively active in activated B-cell (ABC)–like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), a class of nongerminal center derived DLBCL cells for which existing therapy is weakly effective. In this report, we provide a preclinical proof of concept that STAT3 is an effective molecular target for ABC-like DLBCL therapy. Direct inhibition of STAT3 with short hairpin RNA suppressed the growth of human ABC-like DLBCL in mouse models in a manner associated with apoptosis, repression of STAT3 target genes, and inhibition of a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Together, these results suggest that STAT3 is essential to maintain the pathophysiology of ABC-like DLBCL and therefore that STAT3 inhibition may offer a promising approach in its therapy. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3182–8. 2011 AACR.
Representative bureaucracy: the Canadian perspective

The representativeness of the Canadian federal public service is an important matter because of the relation of francophone representation to the central issue of national unity and because of recent demands for the increased representation of women and native people. The major arguments presented in this paper are: 1/that despite the logical and empirical deficiencies of the theory of representative bureacracy, official government policy on a representative public service is based on the central assumption of the theory, and 2/that government efforts to achieve a more representative public service serve significant symbolic and partisan political purposes. The first section of the paper reviews the arguments for and against representative bureaucracy and the Canadian literature on the subject. The second section describes government policy on a representative public service with particular reference to francophones, women and native people. The final section assesses the implications of representative bureaucracy for the Canadian political system and includes an examination of the relation between representative bureaucracy and administrative responsibility and between active and passive representativeness.
Coordinating buyer-seller transactions across multiple products

Joint ordering policies are examined as a method for reducing the transactions cost for multiple products sold by a seller to a homogeneous group of buyers. The problem of determining efficient joint ordering policies has the same structure as the previously-examined problem of determining the efficient ordering policy for a single product. Efficient joint lot-sizes are independent of prices, and are supported by a range of average-unit prices that permit every possible allocation of the transactions-cost saving between the buyer and the seller. Product bundling supports efficient joint orders across products, just as a quantity discount supports efficient transactions for a single product.
HOW TO CONSTRAIN YOUR M DWARF: MEASURING EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE, BOLOMETRIC LUMINOSITY, MASS, AND RADIUS

Precise and accurate parameters for late-type (late K and M) dwarf stars are important for characterization of any orbiting planets, but such determinations have been hampered by these stars’ complex spectra and dissimilarity to the Sun. We exploit an empirically calibrated method to estimate spectroscopic effective temperature (T eff) and the Stefan–Boltzmann law to determine radii of 183 nearby K7–M7 single stars with a precision of 2%–5%. Our improved stellar parameters enable us to develop model-independent relations between T eff or absolute magnitude and radius, as well as between color and T eff. The derived T eff–radius relation depends strongly on [Fe/H], as predicted by theory. The relation between absolute K S magnitude and radius can predict radii accurate to ≃ ? > 3%. We derive bolometric corrections to the VR C I C grizJHK S ? > and Gaia passbands as a function of color, accurate to 1%–3%. We confront the reliability of predictions from Dartmouth stellar evolution models using a Markov chain Monte Carlo to find the values of unobservable model parameters (mass, age) that best reproduce the observed effective temperature and bolometric flux while satisfying constraints on distance and metallicity as Bayesian priors. With the inferred masses we derive a semi-empirical mass–absolute magnitude relation with a scatter of 2% in mass. The best-agreement models overpredict stellar T eff values by an average of 2.2% and underpredict stellar radii by 4.6%, similar to differences with values from low-mass eclipsing binaries. These differences are not correlated with metallicity, mass, or indicators of activity, suggesting issues with the underlying model assumptions, e.g., opacities or convective mixing length.
A Revisit of International Stock Market Linkages: New Evidence from Rank Tests for Nonlinear Cointegration

Based on a theory proposed for the possible link between financial market integration and nonlinear cointegration, this study reinvestigates international stock market linkages by performing both conventional linear cointegration tests and newly developed rank tests for nonlinear cointegration. The stock price indexes of Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States are used, with daily data spanning from 29 May 1992 to 10 April 2001. Much more evidence of market integration emerges from nonlinear than linear cointegration analysis, suggesting that comovements among various national stock markets may well take nonlinear forms. Our findings challenge the conclusion of market segmentation reached in some previous studies that only conducted linear cointegration analysis.
INTEGRATED SYSTEM, AUTONOMOUS DEPARTMENTS: ORGANIZATIONAL INVALIDITY AND SYSTEM CHANGE IN A UNIVERSITY*

Research on the relationship between computers and organization structure has mainly focused on the probable impact of technology on features of structure, while the effects of structure on technology have been relatively little considered apart from the way ‘organizationally invalid’ systems cause conflict and resistance. In recent processual perspectives, the relationship between technology and organization is seen not as deterministic but as one of mutual influence, with the outcome both for the organization and the technology emerging from interaction among various stakeholders during system development and implementation. This article, using a longitudinal case study, shows how organization structures can impact on the development process so as to alter computer‐based systems to a design which is unintended but more consistent with existing organizational arrangements. It also discusses how systems specialists and managers can assess organizational invalidity, and offers a contingent framework for the courses of action to be taken if invalidity occurs.
Sweet Idleness, but Why? How Cognitive Factors and Personality Traits Affect Privacy-Protective Behavior

According to media and research, users have a high interest in protecting their personal data. Although privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) can help secure users' privacy, only very few make use of PETs - even if some of these are gratis. Given the overall impact for individuals, good answers are needed, which we seek in both cognitive and personality factors. By drawing on protection motivation theory (PMT) and the five-factor model (FFM), we seek to explain individuals' intention to use PETs. Our results support the suitability of the PMT in the PET context. In particular, perceived response efficacy has a strong effect on individuals' intention to use PETs. Most personality factors have no or somewhat unexpected influences, but due to the measurements' brevity further research with extended personality scales is needed to validate these results.
CORPORATE CASH HOLDINGS

There have been several cases in recent years-most notably, Chrysler-in which shareholders have objected to the level of companies' holdings of cash and other liquid assets. This paper describes the authors' study of the determinants of liquid asset holdings by publicly traded U.S. firms and how these holdings change over time. For those companies that appear to hold excess cash, the study also attempts to investigate whether such companies have a tendency to reduce value by "overinvesting"-a tendency described in the academic finance literature as the "free cash flow problem. " 2001 Morgan Stanley.