Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Videolaryngoscopes Truly Have Roles in Patients with Difficult Airways ?

D IFFICULTY in tracheal intubation is still a major problem in anesthesia practice. Failure to intubate the trachea is not in itself life-threatening, but is frequently associated with serious complications, such as pulmonary aspiration and difficult mask ventilation. In addition, repeated attempts at tracheal intubation may damage the upper airway and make mask ventilation more difficult. In fact, difficulty in tracheal intubation is the most common factor related to serious airway complications during anesthesia. Much effort has been taken to reduce the incidence of difficult intubation with a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope, but the incidence seems to remain the same. Meanwhile, alternative devices for tracheal intubation have been developed. The fiberoptic bronchoscope is regarded as the most reliable tool in patients with difficult airways, but considerable skill and knowledge are required to achieve a smooth tracheal intubation. Recently, increasing interest has been shown in the use of rigid indirect-optical laryngoscopes, or “videolaryngoscopes. ” In this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY, Aziz et al. report the usefulness of a videolaryngoscope in patients with predicted difficult tracheal intubation, and Fiadjoe et al. report the efficacy of another videolaryngoscope in infants. The indirect-optical laryngoscopes are recently often called “videolaryngoscopes” because these laryngoscopes generally use videotechnology, so the image of the glottis is captured by a camera “eye” positioned near the tip of the blade and then transmitted to a video screen. The Bullard laryngoscope, in the late 1980s, was the first commercially available device, but it was the late 1990s when several new indirect-optical laryngoscopes, mainly videolaryngoscopes, started to become available. Aziz et al. performed a randomized, controlled study, assessing the efficacy of a videolaryngoscope (C-MAC videolarygoscope) in 300 patients with predicted difficult tracheal intubation, and have found that the success rate of tracheal intubation at the first attempt with the videolaryngoscope was significantly higher (93%) than with a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope (84%). The view of the glottis at laryngoscopy was significantly better, and the use of a endotracheal tube introducer (a gum elastic bougie) and pressure to the larynx (to obtain a better view of the glottis) were significantly less frequently required for the videolaryngoscope. Nevertheless, time to intubate the trachea took slightly, but significantly, longer with the videolaryngoscope. Fiadjoe et al. compared the efficacy of another videolaryngoscope (Glidescope) with a Miller laryngoscope in 60 infants without airways known to be difficult. They have found that the view of the glottis at laryngoscopy with the videolaryngoscope was significantly better than the view with the Miller laryngoscope, but the time required to intubate the trachea was significantly longer with the videolaryngoscope. The success rate of tracheal intubation was similar between the groups.
Isotopic composition of carbon in atmospheric air; use of a diffusion model at the water/atmosphere interface in Velenje Basin

CO 2 concentrations (partial pressure of CO 2 , pCO 2 ), and isotope compositions of carbon dioxide in air ( δ 13 C CO2 ), temperature (T) and relative humidity (H) have been measured in the atmosphere in the Velenje Basin. Samples were collected monthly in the calendar year 2011 from 9 locations in the area where the largest thermal power plant in Slovenia with the greatest emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere (around 4M t/year) is located. Values of pCO 2 ranged from 239 to 460 ppm with an average value of 294 ppm, which is below the average atmospheric CO 2 pressure (360 ppm). δ 13 C CO2 ranged from -18.0 to -6.4 ‰, with an average value of -11.7 ‰. These values are similar to those measured in Wroclaw, Poland. We performed the comparison of δ 13 C CO2 values in atmospheric air with Wroclaw since researchers used similar approach to trace δ 13 C CO2 around anthropogenic sources. The isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon
Mechanical Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles: Factors Affecting Physical Strength of Needles

Dissolving microneedles (MNs) are novel transdermal drug delivery systems that can be painlessly self-administered. This study investigated the effects of experimental conditions on the mechanical characterization of dissolving MNs for quality evaluation. Micromolding was used to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving MN patches with eight different cone-shaped geometries. Axial force mechanical characterization test conditions, in terms of compression speed and the number of compression needles per test, significantly affected the needle fracture force of dissolving MNs. Characterization using selected test conditions clearly showed differences in the needle fracture force of dissolving MNs prepared under various conditions. PVA-based MNs were divided into two groups that showed buckling and unbuckling deformation, which occurred at aspect ratios (needle height/base diameter) of 2.8 and 1.8, respectively. The needle fracture force of PVA-based MNs was negatively correlated with an increase in the needle’s aspect ratio. Higher residual water or higher loading of lidocaine hydrochloride significantly decreased the needle fracture force. Therefore, setting appropriate methods and parameters for characterizing the mechanical properties of dissolving MNs should contribute to the development and supply of appropriate products.
Indirect Dynamic Stress Measurement of Metro Bogie Using LSTM Network in Frequency Domain

The wheel–rail excitation has made the fatigue failure problem worse caused by the modal vibration of the metro bogie components. It is of great significance to monitor the state of stress and treat fatigue failure problems in time. Due to the inconvenience of sensor arrangement in the metro bogie system and the high cost of daily maintenance, the direct measurement of dynamic stress is unsuitable for structural health monitoring (SHM) of the metro bogie system. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an indirect stress measurement method for the metro vehicle at risk of abnormal wheel–rail wear. In this article, we propose a data-driven LSTM-based method and spectrum analysis to establish mapping relations between the axle box accelerations and the uniaxial stress of the metro bogie in the frequency domain. Then, the dynamic stress could be measured indirectly by the axle box accelerations. The method was applied to the two cases of metro bogie frame and the bogie cowcatcher, which are both influenced by the bending modal vibration caused by wheel polygonal wear and rail corrugation, respectively. The results show that the proposed method shows a high accuracy for the estimation of dynamic stress in metro bogie. Therefore, the indirect measurement strategy makes stress monitoring convenient in daily maintenance for the real-time alarm of abnormal vibration and early treatment of fatigue failure.
Cauchy’s Integral Formula and Its Applications in Calculating Integrals

Cauchy's Integral Theorem is a crucial mathematical theorem that describes the behavior of a complex function on a complex plane. This paper reviews the proof of Cauchy's integral theorem and formula, and the deduction of Cauchy's integral like Cauchy's integral formula with the point in the numerator is on the contour integral. This paper also explores Cauchy's integral when the function contains a non-analytic point inside the contour integral. The way is splitting the entire integral into the sum of several contour integrals equivalently, putting the function f(z) in the numerator into Laurent Series, then simplifying each contour integral using different methods including the derivative of Cauchy’s Integral. The result is the contour integral around point minus part of the Laurent Series of f(x) in the numerator. This paper shows a path to deal with Cauchy's integral when the function inside the contour integral is not holomorphic in the region.
The cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP) of Vibrio mimicus Regulates Its Bacterial Growth, Type II Secretion System, Flagellum Formation, Adhesion Genes, and Virulence

Simple Summary It is known that in highly pathogenic infections, the cAMP receptor protein (CRP) frequently plays an essential regulatory role. A highly pathogenic strain of Vibrio mimicus SCCF01 has been isolated from yellow catfish. To investigate the role of the cAMP receptor protein in regulating SCCF01, we created a strain with a deleted crp gene (Δcrp). The results demonstrated that the expression of genes related to the bacterial type II secretion system, flagellin, adhesion, and metalloproteinase was decreased by the deletion crp gene. The above resulted in modifications to the morphology of the bacteria and colonies, as well as a decrease in the motility, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, bacterial growth, and enzyme activity. Animal experiments and cytotoxicity analyses verified that crp played a role in V. mimicus pathogenicity. In conclusion, these findings clarified the biological role of the crp gene in V. mimicus, revealed the pathogenic mechanism of the microorganism, and provided a basis for effective control and prevention of V. mimicus infection. Abstract Vibrio mimicus is a serious pathogen in aquatic animals, resulting in significant economic losses. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) often acts as a central regulator in highly pathogenic pathogens. V. mimicus SCCF01 is a highly pathogenic strain isolated from yellow catfish; the crp gene deletion strain (Δcrp) was constructed by natural transformation to determine whether this deletion affects the virulence phenotypes. Their potential molecular connections were revealed by qRT-PCR analysis. Our results showed that the absence of the crp gene resulted in bacterial and colony morphological changes alongside decreases in bacterial growth, hemolytic activity, biofilm formation, enzymatic activity, motility, and cell adhesion. A cell cytotoxicity assay and animal experiments confirmed that crp contributes to V. mimicus pathogenicity, as the LD50 of the Δcrp strain was 73.1-fold lower compared to the WT strain. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed the inhibition of type II secretion system genes, flagellum genes, adhesion genes, and metalloproteinase genes in the deletion strain. This resulted in the virulence phenotype differences described above. Together, these data demonstrate that the crp gene plays a core regulatory role in V. mimicus virulence and pathogenicity.
Distillation-Constrained Prototype Representation Network for Hyperspectral Image Incremental Classification

Oriented to adaptive recognition of the new land-cover categories, incremental classification (IC) that aims to complete adaptive classification with continuous learning is urgent and crucial for hyperspectral image classification (HSIC). Nevertheless, deep-learning-based HSIC models adopted the learning paradigm with fixed classes yield unsatisfactory inference in the situation of IC due to the catastrophic forgetting problem. To eliminate the recognition gap and maintain the old knowledge during IC, in this article, we propose a novel approach called the distillation-constrained prototype representation network (DCPRN) for hyperspectral image IC (HSIIC). The primary goal of DCPRN is to enhance the discriminative capability for recognizing the original classes in HSIIC while effectively integrating both the original and the incremental knowledge to facilitate adaptive learning. Specifically, the proposed framework incorporates a prototype representation mechanism, which serves as a bridge for knowledge transfer and integration between the initial and incremental learning phases of HSIIC. In addition, we present a dual knowledge distillation (DKD) module in incremental learning, which integrates discriminative information at both the feature level (FL) and decision level (DL). In this way, the proposed mechanism enables flexible and dynamic adaptation to new classes and overcomes the limitations of fixed-category feature learning. Extensive experimental analysis conducted on three popular datasets validates the superiority of the proposed DCPRN method compared with other typical HSIIC approaches.
Exploring the Risk Factors for Oral Cancer in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: Oral cancer is one of the major public health issues in Pakistan and is the second most common malignancy in the country. This is mainly attributed to the widespread use of smokeless tobacco products, cigarettes, and paan without tobacco. This review aims to go beyond commonly discussed factors and, consequently, to provide a comprehensive picture of all the multi-faceted contributors to the high prevalence of the carcinoma of the oral cavity, including the role of human papillomavirus and genetic predisposition. The aim is to synthesise all available evidence on the predisposing factors of oral carcinoma in Pakistan. Methods: This is a comprehensive systematic review of all observational studies investigating the contributing factors of malignancy of the oral cavity in Pakistan, and it strictly follows the PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases, such as PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, SCOPUS, and Ovid Medline, were used to find studies, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was searched for existing/ongoing reviews carried out on the same topic. A meta-synthesis of selected studies was carried out to create robust and statistically valid conclusions. Results: ST and cigarette smoking were found to be the major contributors to the burden of carcinoma of the lip and oral cavity. The included studies indicated that genetic predisposition and human papillomavirus could be major risk factors for the disease in the Pakistani population, but not enough research has been carried out to find their true impact. Conclusions: Smokeless tobacco, cigarette smoking, genetic predisposition, and human papillomavirus can be considered significant risk factors for oral cancer in Pakistan.
Automated Brain Tumor Segmentation and Classification in MRI Using YOLO-Based Deep Learning

Recent advancements in image processing and computer vision have brought significant transformations in healthcare technology, leading to significant improvements in diagnosis accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and time efficiency. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is employed by the radiologist for its remarkable ability to detect even the most subtle brain abnormalities. This study considers a comprehensive analysis of the two prominent object identification frameworks, YOLOv5 and YOLOv7, leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning architectures to classify and detect brain cancers within MRI. The brain tumor dataset encompasses three distinct classes, including meningiomas, gliomas and pituitary tumors. To ensure precise segmentation of the tumor regions, the preprocessing phase incorporates advanced mask alignment techniques. This preprocessed dataset has been used to evaluate the performance of the deep learning models for brain tumor detection and classification. From the numerical results of YOLOv5, it was noticed that a recall score of 0.905 for box detection and 0.906 for mask segmentation, with a precision score of 0.94 and 0.936, respectively. At an IoU threshold of 0.5, both box detection and mask segmentation achieve a mAP of 0.947, whereas, at an IoU threshold of 0.5 to 0.95, they achieve mAPs of 0.666 and 0.657, respectively. In comparison, YOLOv7 exhibits strong performance with box detection accuracy of 0.936 and a mask segmentation accuracy of 0.935. The recall score are 0.904 for box detection and mask segmentation is 0.903. Notably, the mAP result at the IoU threshold of 0.5 are 0.94 for box detection and mask segmentation is 0.941. Over the broader IoU spectrum of 0.5 to 0.95, the mAP was 0.677 for box detection and 0.659 for mask segmentation. To underscore the novelty of the approach, the performance of the proposed framework is systematically compared with established methods such as RCNN, Faster RCNN, and Mask RCNN.
Digital-Based Msme Product Branding Assistance In Sendangarum Village

Abstrak. This study aims to determine monitoring for the service team in the Sendangarum village area to obtain useful information as material for making decisions on future programmes. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) have sprung up in Indonesia, from urban to rural areas. The business actors who are members of MSME have had their businesses slump since the arrival of COVID 19. A period of more than 2 years was not a short time, as the business went into a vacuum and many consumers even left. To revive these businesses, assistance is provided to create MSME branding through an Instagram account and a logo. Instagram can be used as a promotional medium so that customers can see that MSME is now on the rise again. An attractive logo also aims to invite buyers to choose and buy their wares. Thus, digital branding really supports MSME in Sendangarum village.
Advances in the Generation of Constructed Cardiac Tissue Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Discovery

The human heart lacks significant regenerative capacity; thus, the solution to heart failure (HF) remains organ donation, requiring surgery and immunosuppression. The demand for constructed cardiac tissues (CCTs) to model and treat disease continues to grow. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) manipulation, CRISPR gene editing, and 3D tissue culture have enabled a boom in iPSC-derived CCTs (iPSC-CCTs) with diverse cell types and architecture. Compared with 2D-cultured cells, iPSC-CCTs better recapitulate heart biology, demonstrating the potential to advance organ modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine, though iPSC-CCTs could benefit from better methods to faithfully mimic heart physiology and electrophysiology. Here, we summarize advances in iPSC-CCTs and future developments in the vascularization, immunization, and maturation of iPSC-CCTs for study and therapy.
Revisiting de Broglie's Double-Solution Pilot-Wave Theory with a Lorentz-Covariant Lagrangian Framework

The relation between de Broglie’s double-solution approach to quantum dynamics and the hydrodynamic pilot-wave system has motivated a number of recent revisitations and extensions of de Broglie’s theory. Building upon these recent developments, we here introduce a rich family of pilot-wave systems, with a view to reformulating and studying de Broglie’s double-solution program in the modern language of classical field theory. Notably, the entire family is local and Lorentz-invariant, follows from a variational principle, and exhibits time-invariant, two-way coupling between particle and pilot-wave field. We first introduce a variational framework for generic pilot-wave systems, including a derivation of particle-wave exchange of Noether currents. We then focus on a particular limit of our system, in which the particle is propelled by the local gradient of its pilot wave. In this case, we see that the Compton-scale oscillations proposed by de Broglie emerge naturally in the form of particle vibrations, and that the vibration modes dynamically adjust to match the Compton frequency in the rest frame of the particle. The underlying field dynamically changes its radiation patterns in order to satisfy the de Broglie relation p=ℏk at the particle’s position, even as the particle momentum p changes. The wave form and frequency thus evolve so as to conform to de Broglie’s harmony of phases, even for unsteady particle motion. We show that the particle is always dressed with a Compton-scale Yukawa wavepacket, independent of its trajectory, and that the associated energy imparts a constant increase to the particle’s inertial mass. Finally, we see that the particle’s wave-induced Compton-scale oscillation gives rise to a classical version of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Genetic divergence between populations of the pocket gopher, Thomomys umbrinus (Richardson)

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Data report: Decimeter-scale sedimentologic and ichnologic observations on a ~520-m-thick Pleistocene sequence, Site 1073 (Leg 174A), New Jersey Continental Slope

When examined in their sedimentologic and stratigraphic context, ichnofabrics and component ichnofossils can help decipher paleoceanography and sea-level histories from marine deposits (Savrda, 1995). Previous studies have demonstrated the utility of ichnology in interpreting decimeter-scale bedding rhythms in Cretaceous and Tertiary chalk-marl sequences that record paleoceanographic responses to Milankovitch-scale climate forcing (e.g., Savrda and Bottjer, 1994; Erba and Premoli-Silva, 1994; Savrda, 1998; Savrda and Locklair, 1998) and in recognizing climate dynamics in Neogene and Quaternary siliceous sediments of the Pacific rim (Baumgartner et al., 1989; Anderson et al., 1990; Ozalas et al., 1994; Behl and Kennett, 1996). In the context of sequence stratigraphy and sea-level studies, ichnofabrics have assisted in the recognition of key stratal surfaces (i.e., sequence boundaries and transgressive surfaces) (Savrda, 1991, 1995; Pemberton et al., 1992a; MacEachern et al., 1992; Taylor and Gawthorpe, 1993) and hold great promise in the delineation of smaller scale stratal packages (i.e., parasequences) and their bounding surfaces (Frey and Howard, 1990; Pemberton et al., 1992b; Krawinkel and Seyfried, 1996), particularly for marine sequences within which bioturbation has destroyed or masked 1Savrda, C.E. , and Krawinkel, H. , 2001. Data report: Decimeter-scale sedimentologic and ichnologic observations on a ~520-m-thick Pleistocene sequence, Site 1073 (Leg 174A), New Jersey Continental Slope. In Christie-Blick, N. , Austin, J.A. , Jr., and Malone, M.J. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 174A, 1–9 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http:// www-odp.tamu. edu/publications/ 174A_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/ SR174A03.PDF>. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] 2Department of Geology and Geography, 210 Petrie Hall, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849-5305, USA. savrdce@auburn.edu 3Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Universität Stuttgart, Herdweg 51, D-70174 Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany.