Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyses de l'algorithme de Gauss. Applications à l'analyse de l'algorithme LLL. (Analyses of the Gauss. Applications of the analysis algorithm LLL)

Cette these est dediee a l'analyse probabiliste d'algorithmes de reduction des reseaux euclidiens. Un reseau euclidien est l'ensemble de combinaisons lineaires a coefficients entiers d'une base (b_1,., b_n ) \subset R^n. La reduction d'un reseau consiste a en trouver une base formee de vecteurs assez courts et assez orthogonaux, a partir d'une base donnee en entree. Le celebre algorithme LLL resout ce probleme de maniere efficace en dimension arbitraire. Il est tres utilise, mais mal compris. Nous nous concentrons sur son analyse dans le cas n = 2, ou LLL devient l'algorithme de Gauss, car cette instance est une brique de base pour le cas n>= 3. Nous analysons precisement l'algorithme de Gauss, tant du point de vue de son execution (nombre d'iterations, complexite binaire, couts "additifs") que de la geometrie de la base de sortie (defaut d'Hermite, premier minimum et deuxieme minimum orthogonalise). Nous travaillons dans un modele probabiliste tres general, qui permet d'etudier aussi bien les instances faciles que les instances difficiles. Ce modele nous a permis d'etudier la transition vers l'algorithme d'Euclide, qui correspond au cas ou les vecteurs de la base d'entree sont colineaires. Nous utilisons des methodes dynamiques : les algorithmes sont vus comme des systemes dynamiques, et les series generatrices concernees s'expriment en fonction de l'operateur de transfert. Ces resultats tres precis en dimension 2 sont une premiere etape pour l'analyse de l'algorithme LLL dans le cas general.
Progression of Heterotopic Ossification around the Elbow after Trauma.

BACKGROUND This study addresses the null hypothesis that there is no expansion of heterotopic ossification (HO) in the elbow beyond what can be seen early on. METHODS The area of HO was measured on lateral radiographs of 38 consecutive patients that had operative treatment of HO between 2000 and 2013. Measurements from radiographs obtained between 3 to 7 weeks were compared to measurements from radiographs made 3 months or more after injury. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the average area of HO on the first (median 2.8 square centimeters, Q1: 1.5, Q3: 5.1) and later radiographs (median of 2.8 square centimeters, Q1: 1.4, Q3: 5.0) (P = 0.99). CONCLUSION According to our results the area of HO does not expand beyond what can be seen early in the disease process.
Reinventing Work Design Theory and Practice

Concerns have been expressed about the extent to which work design theory has kept pace with changes to the context and context of work over recent decades. This paper identifies areas in which improvements to work design theory need to be made, from both a theoretical and practical standpoint, and discusses recent attempts by researchers to make such improvements. It is argued that the reinvention of work design theory will involve the consideration of a wider set of psychologically salient job characteristics and their organisational antecedents, the specification of additional moderators and processes in accounting for observed work design outcomes, and an examination of psychological effects other than work motivation and job satisfaction.
Process reengineering in the context of logistics outsourcing

Outsourcing is considered by many as the major means to cost reduction and refocusing on core competencies. In that context, a worldwide Chemicals Group, studied in this research, aims at improving and piloting its intra-and inter company processes and at assuring the consistency of involved activities in the framework of important competitive pressure. The Group looks for realigning the activity portfolio and outsourcing activities, considered as not well-contained. Through a case study, we address how this international Group managed, through the reengineering of certain business processes (BPR), the dislocation of internal logistics activities outside the company, and the establishment of partnerships with external service providers.
Motivation, Change, and Stability

Although public-sector motivation is conceived of as dynamic, and responsive to organizational stimuli, few empirical works have treated it as such. As a result, we have little understanding about how bureaucrats’ motivations change over time or about the relative impacts of intra- and extraorganizational influences. This study contributes by examining an entering group of police officers during the first 2 years of their employment. Its findings show modest change across a variety of motives over the course of the study. At each time they were contacted, the strongest predictors of an entrant’s motivations were his or her entering motivations. However, formal and informal organization influences were also associated with entrants’ motives and the amount of change appeared to increase over time. The article concludes by considering the implications of these findings for public management research and practice.
Brainstem network controlling descending drive to phrenic motoneurons in rat

Contraction of the diaphragm is controlled by phrenic motoneurons that receive input from sources that are not fully established. Bulbospinal (second‐order) neurons projecting to phrenic motoneurons and propriobulbar (third‐order) neurons projecting to these bulbospinal neurons were investigated in rat by transsynaptic transport of the neuroinvasive pseudorabies virus. Bulbospinal neurons were located predominantly in the medullary lateral tegmental field in two functionally described regions, the ventral respiratory group and Bötzinger complex. An intervening region, the pre‐Bötzinger complex, contained essentially no phrenic premotoneu rons. Bulbospinal neurons were also located in ventral, interstitial, and ventrolateral subnuclei of the solitary tract, and gigantocellular, Kölliker‐Fuse, parabrachial, and medullary raphe nuclei. A monosynaptic pathway to phrenic motoneurons from the nucleus of the solitary tract was confirmed; monosynaptic pathways from upper cervical, spinal cord, spinal trigeminal nucleus, medial and lateral vestibular nuclei, and medial pontine tegmentum were not verified. Locations of third‐order neurons were consistent with described projections to the ventral respiratory group, from contralateral ventral respiratory group, Bötzinger complex, A5 noradrenergic cell group, and the following nuclei: solitary, raphe, Kölliker‐Fuse, parabrachial, retrotrapezoid, and paragigantocellular. Novel findings included a projection from locus coeruleus to respiratory premotoneurons and the lack of previously described pathways from area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus. These second‐ and third‐order neurons form the output network for diaphragm motor control which includes numerous behaviors (e. g., respiration, phonation, defecation). Of the premotoneurons, the rostral ventral respiratory group is the primary population controlling phrenic motoneurons. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Crystal Structure of Bacillus subtilis Cysteine Desulfurase SufS and Its Dynamic Interaction with Frataxin and Scaffold Protein SufU

The biosynthesis of iron sulfur (Fe-S) clusters in Bacillus subtilis is mediated by a SUF-type gene cluster, consisting of the cysteine desulfurase SufS, the scaffold protein SufU, and the putative chaperone complex SufB/SufC/SufD. Here, we present the high-resolution crystal structure of the SufS homodimer in its product-bound state (i.e., in complex with pyrodoxal-5ʹ-phosphate, alanine, Cys361-persulfide). By performing hydrogen/deuterium exchange (H/DX) experiments, we characterized the interaction of SufS with SufU and demonstrate that SufU induces an opening of the active site pocket of SufS. Recent data indicate that frataxin could be involved in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis by facilitating iron incorporation. H/DX experiments show that frataxin indeed interacts with the SufS/SufU complex at the active site. Our findings deepen the current understanding of Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, a complex yet essential process, in the model organism B. subtilis.
Genotoxic Potentials of Natural Products Detected by a Short-Term Test Using Diploid Strains of Aspergillus nidulans

Main aim is to evaluate the genotoxic potentials of three classes of natural products, a sesquiterpene lactone (cynaropicrin), a saponin (stigmast-7en-3� -ol-glucopyranoside) and a steroid (stigmasterol), at low doses, using the Ho- mozygotization Index test (HI). This short-term test, deals with the determination of alterations in mitotic crossing-over frequencies eventually involving heterozygous auxotrophic genes in diploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans. In this way, treatments of UT448//UT184 and Dp II-I//UT184 diploid strains with the natural products showed that saponin and lac- tone significantly increased the homozygotization index (HI) of both strains, especially for the diploid Dp II-I//UT184. No effect was observed with the steroid. On this account it presents remarkable potentials to detect the geno- toxic/carcinogenic effects of bioactive natural products. Furthermore, this is the first time the low doses effects of bioac- tive natural products were detected using A. nidulans.
Proof of a trace inequality in matrix algebra

for all complex vectors ai and bj . One can easily prove that if X is positive definite then X is hermitian (see, e.g., Ref. [1], p. 65). Since the eigenvalues of hermitian matrices are real, it is easy to prove that the eigenvalues of positive definite matrices are real and positive. Moreover, a positive definite matrix is invertible, since it does not possess a zero eigenvalue. Note that a non-hermitian matrix whose eigenvalues are all strictly real and positive is not positive definite. Finally, we note that for any matrix S, if X is positive definite, then SXS is also positive definite. This follows from eq. (1) by replacing a and b with Sa and Sb, respectively. Refs. [2] and [3] define a weakly positive definite matrix A to be a matrix that can be written as A = SXS for some non-singular matrix S, where X is positive definite. Since two matrices related by a similarity transformation possess an identical eigenvalue spectrum, it follows that all the eigenvalues of A are real and positive. Moreover, since X is hermitian, it is also diagonalizable, and it then follows that A is diagonalizable as well.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sasa quelpaertensis Leaf Extracts

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammation (Winrow et al., 1993), which is a physiological response that protects the body from stimuli including infections and tissue injury. The magnitude of the inflammatory response is crucial, and insufficient responses result in immunodeficiency, which can lead to infection and cancer. Excessive responses cause morbidity and mortality from diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral and myocardial ischemia (Tracey, 2002). Inflammation is associated with a wide range of inflammatory mediators that initiate inflammatory responses, recruit and activate other cells to the site of inflammation, and subsequently resolve the inflammation (Gallin & Snyderman, 1999). The expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, iNOS, and COX-2 involves nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (Baeuerle & Baltimore, 1996; Hayden & Ghosh, 2004). Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways are also reportedly stimulated by inflammatory mediators (Guha & Mackman, 2001).
Practical Theology, Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: Methodological and Biblical Considerations

ABSTRACT Communities of faith are challenged today to join the contemporary struggle against chemical abuse and dependency in new and exciting ways. Beyond utilizing church basements for Twelve Step meetings and including alcohol and other drugs as topics in teenage religious education, faith communities are being invited to bring their full theological and religious resources to bear on this pressing social problem. Using contemporary practical-theological method as a way to approach these issues, the author integrates historical, biblical and other sources into a way of thinking about issues of chemical abuse and dependency in a theological frame.
The integrated LLC resonant converter using center-tapped transformer for on-board EV charger

For Electric Vehicles (EV) using on-board charger, the power density and efficiency of its charger are closely related to the technical and economical restriction of the overall system. In this paper, an integrated LLC resonant converter using center-tapped transformer is proposed to improve the power density of the EV charger. The accurate model of integrated LLC resonant converter considering leakage inductance is derived; the influences such as the change in voltage gain, the differences on resonant frequency and the lost on soft switching character which are caused by imbalance leakage inductance on two secondary windings have been discussed. The proposed tunable winding method not only shares a good balance in leakage inductor, but can also adjust the value of the leakage inductance flexibly which is practical in resonant tank design. In addition, an asymmetrical control method is also proposed to compensate the imbalance rectifying current. Finally, a 2kW on-board EV charger using integrated transformer has been made. The volume and weight of the magnetic components have been reduced by 30%, the peak overall efficiency of the EV charger can reach 95%. The degree of leakage inductance imbalance is less than 2%.
An extension of the Sensmaking-Intuition Model (SIM) by defining ethics: an answer to Sonenshein.

Sonenshein based his Sensmaking-Intuition Model of ethical decision on a critical approach the rational models. In his model, sens-making for the ethical issue construction and the intuitive process of decision are the central articulations. But the model doesn't give a clear definition of ethics, suggesting that all ethical decisions can be evaluate on a scale of individual or collective behavior. But this scale doesn't represent the multiplicity of ethical orientations. I review the most important philosophical ethicals systems and expose the implications on the Sonenshein's model. I propose some modifications and suggest orientations for future researches.
Aryl‐hydrocarbon receptor activation regulates constitutive androstane receptor levels in murine and human liver

The aryl‐hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a basic helix‐loop‐helix/Per‐Arnt‐Sim transcription factor that can be activated by exogenous as well as endogenous ligands. AhR is traditionally associated with xenobiotic metabolism. In an attempt to identify novel target genes, C57BL/6J mice were treated with β‐naphthoflavone (BNF), a known AhR ligand, and genome‐wide expression analysis studies were performed using high‐density microarrays. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) was found to be one of the differentially regulated genes. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) verified the increase in CAR messenger RNA (mRNA) level. BNF treatment did not increase CAR mRNA in AhR‐null mice. Time‐course studies in mice revealed that the regulation of CAR mRNA mimicked that of Cyp1A1, a known AhR target gene. To demonstrate that the increase in CAR mRNA translates to an increase in functional CAR protein, mice were sequentially treated with BNF (6 hours) followed by the selective CAR agonist, TCPOBOP (3 hours). qPCR revealed an increase in the mRNA level of Cyp2b10, previously known to be regulated by CAR. This also suggests that CAR protein is present in limiting amounts with respect to its transactivation ability. Finally, CAR was also up‐regulated in primary human hepatocytes in response to AhR activation by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin and benzo[a]pyrene. Conclusion: This study identifies a mode of up‐regulating CAR and potentially expands the role of AhR in drug metabolism. This study also demonstrates in vivo up‐regulation of CAR through chemical exposure. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:209–218.)
The brain tumor microenvironment

High‐grade brain tumors are heterogeneous with respect to the composition of bona fide tumors cells and with respect to a range of intermingling parenchymal cells. Glioblastomas harbor multiple cell types, some with increased tumorigenicity and stem cell‐like capacity. The stem‐like cells may be the cells of origin for tumor relapse. However, the tumor‐associated parenchymal cells—such as vascular cells, microglia, peripheral immune cells, and neural precursor cells—also play a vital role in controlling the course of pathology. In this review, we describe the multiple interactions of bulk glioma cells and glioma stem cells with parenchymal cell populations and highlight the pathological impact and signaling pathways known for these types of cell–cell communication. The tumor‐vasculature not only nourishes glioblastomas, but also provides a specialized niche for these stem‐like cells. In addition, microglial cells, which can contribute up to 30% of a brain tumor mass, play a role in glioblastoma cell invasion. Moreover, non‐neoplastic astrocytes can be converted into a reactive phenotype by the glioma microenvironment and can then secrete a number of factors which influences tumor biology. The young brain may have the capacity to inhibit gliomagenesis by the endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells, which secrete tumor suppressive factors. The factors, pathways, and interactions described in this review provide a new prospective on the cell biology of primary brain tumors, which may ultimately generate new treatment modalities. However, our picture of the multiple interactions between parenchymal and tumor cells is still incomplete. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Have Monetary Regime Changes Affected the Popularity of IS-LM?

Finally, what emerges clearly from this study of Keynes’s views on monetary policy are the close links between theory and policy. For every change in the problem at hand came new proposals growing out of previous theory or, if previous doctrine could not accommodate the new situation, shifts in his theoretical position. This is clearly illustrated (from a Keynesian point of view) by the evolution of Keynes’s views under the impact of British (and world) events between 1925 and, say, 1934. This interrelationship was the hallmark of Keynes, the economist. —Donald Moggridge and Susan Howson, “Keynes on Monetary Policy, 1910–1946” (1974)
From Security Protocols to Pushdown Automata

Formal methods have been very successful in analyzing security protocols for reachability properties such as secrecy or authentication. In contrast, there are very few results for equivalence-based properties, crucial for studying, for example, privacy-like properties such as anonymity or vote secrecy. We study the problem of checking equivalence of security protocols for an unbounded number of sessions. Since replication leads very quickly to undecidability (even in the simple case of secrecy), we focus on a limited fragment of protocols (standard primitives but pairs, one variable per protocol’s rules) for which the secrecy preservation problem is known to be decidable. Surprisingly, this fragment turns out to be undecidable for equivalence. Then, restricting our attention to deterministic protocols, we propose the first decidability result for checking equivalence of protocols for an unbounded number of sessions. This result is obtained through a characterization of equivalence of protocols in terms of equality of languages of (generalized, real-time) deterministic pushdown automata. We further show that checking for equivalence of protocols is actually equivalent to checking for equivalence of generalized, real-time deterministic pushdown automata. Very recently, the algorithm for checking for equivalence of deterministic pushdown automata has been implemented. We have implemented our translation from protocols to pushdown automata, yielding the first tool that decides equivalence of (some class of) protocols, for an unbounded number of sessions. As an application, we have analyzed some protocols of the literature including a simplified version of the basic access control (BAC) protocol used in biometric passports.
Comparison of the sensitivity of three nematode species to copper and their utility in aquatic and soil toxicity tests

Nematodes are useful organisms for aquatic and soil toxicity testing because of their abundance and diversity as well as their ease of culturing and maintenance in the laboratory. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used extensively in toxicity testing, but its sensitivity to metal exposures in relation to other nematodes remains unclear. In this study, we compare the sensitivity and ease of use of two other rhabditid nematodes, Panagrellus redivivus and Pristionchus pacificus, to C. elegans. Toxicity endpoints were chosen to investigate the effects of Cu on the survival of these nematodes after soil exposures and on the survival, reproduction, movement, and feeding behavior of nematodes after exposures in aquatic medium. In all lethality testing, P. pacificus was the most sensitive, C. elegans exhibited intermediate sensitivity, and P. redivivus was the least sensitive. Reproduction and movement of C. elegans and reproduction of P. pacificus were decreased 50% by similar concentrations of Cu (EC50s ∼2 mg/L), but P. pacificus movement was less sensitive to Cu exposures (EC50 = 8 mg/L). Although all nematodes may be useful in lethality assays, using P. redivivus in toxicity tests is complicated by the presence of two sexes and difficulties in obtaining age‐synchronized cultures. Pristionchus pacificus is an ideal acute toxicity‐testing organism because of its sensitivity and ease of culturing. However, C. elegans appears to be more sensitive and therefore most useful in behavioral assays. Future studies of the relative sensitivities of nematodes in toxicity testing should continue to investigate additional toxicants, nematode species, and quantifications of sublethal effects after soil exposures.
Bub3 Is a Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Protein Regulating Chromosome Segregation during Mouse Oocyte Meiosis

In mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes have been attached to the spindle microtubules and aligned correctly at the equatorial metaphase plate. The major checkpoint proteins in mitosis consist of mitotic arrest-deficient (Mad)1–3, budding uninhibited by benzimidazole (Bub)1, Bub3, and monopolar spindle 1(Mps1). During meiosis, for the formation of a haploid gamete, two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation occur with only one round of DNA replication. To pull homologous chromosomes to opposite spindle poles during meiosis I, both sister kinetochores of a homologue must face toward the same pole which is very different from mitosis and meiosis II. As a core member of checkpoint proteins, the individual role of Bub3 in mammalian oocyte meiosis is unclear. In this study, using overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) approaches, we analyzed the role of Bub3 in mouse oocyte meiosis. Our data showed that overexpressed Bub3 inhibited meiotic metaphase-anaphase transition by preventing homologous chromosome and sister chromatid segregations in meiosis I and II, respectively. Misaligned chromosomes, abnormal polar body and double polar bodies were observed in Bub3 knock-down oocytes, causing aneuploidy. Furthermore, through cold treatment combined with Bub3 overexpression, we found that overexpressed Bub3 affected the attachments of microtubules and kinetochores during metaphase-anaphase transition. We propose that as a member of SAC, Bub3 is required for regulation of both meiosis I and II, and is potentially involved in kinetochore-microtubule attachment in mammalian oocytes.