Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KRAB Algorithm - A Revised Algorithm for Incremental Call Graph Generation

Abstract: This paper is aimed to present the importance and implementation of an incremental call graph plugin. An algorithm is proposed for the call graph implementation which has better overall performance than the algorithm that has been proposed previously. In addition to this, the algorithm has been empirically proved to have excellent performance on recursive codes. The algorithm also readily checks for function skip and returns exceptions.
Ultrastructure of the synaptic terminals of the dorsal giant serotonin‐IR neuron and deutocerebral commissure interneurons in the accessory and olfactory lobes of the crayfish

The olfactory and accessory lobes in the crayfish are large spherical neuropils found on each side of its brain. The olfactory lobes receive the afferent axons of chemoreceptors that are located along the outer branches of the biramous first antennae. The accessory lobes receive a large input from interneurons whose axons lie in the deutocerebral commissure. A pair of large serotonergic neurons (the dorsal giant neurons) branch unilaterally in the accessory and olfactory lobes of each side. From physiological recordings, it has been proposed that the deutocerebral commissure interneurons synapse with elements in the accessory lobes that in turn connect to the dorsal giant neuron. It has also been proposed that the dorsal giant neuron is activated by inputs in the accessory lobe and that its output is in the olfactory lobe. This ultrastructural study tests this hypotheses by examining the polarity of synaptic terminals on dorsal giant neurons and deutocerebral interneurons that have been filled with neurobiotin. In double‐labelled preparations, we found the deutocerebral interneurons to be presynaptic to elements in the accessory lobes, but none of these postsynaptic elements was identifiable as the dorsal giant neuron. The dorsal giant neurons receive many more synaptic inputs in the accessory lobes than in the olfactory lobe. Very few giant serotonin neuron output synapses were found in either lobe. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Key Recovery for LWE in Polynomial Time

We discuss a higher dimensional generalization of the Hidden Number Problem and generalize the Boneh-Venkatesan method [BV96, Shp05] for solving it in polynomial time. We then use this to analyze a key recovery (decoding) attack on LWE which runs in polynomial time using the LLL lattice basis reduction algorithm [LLL82] and Babai’s nearest planes method [Bab86]. We prove that success can be guaranteed with overwhelming probability when the error distribution is narrow enough and q ≥ 2, where n is the dimension of the secret key. An explicit constant in the exponent is given, but in practice the performance is observed to be significantly better. Our focus is on attacking the search variant of LWE. Known attacks include combinatorial methods [BKW03, ACFFP13], polynomial system solving (Grobner basis) methods [AG11, ACFP14], and lattice reduction methods [LP11, LN13, BG14, LM09]. Typically the performance of the lattice reduction attacks involves estimating the performance and complexity of BKZ-2.0 [CN11], which is difficult. Still another option is to attack the decision version of LWE [MR09] and use the search-to-decision reductions to break the search problem [BLPRS13, MP12]. Our key recovery attack is interesting because it is runs in polynomial time, and yields simple and concrete security estimates for a wide range of parameters depending in a clear and explicit way on the effective approximation factor in the LLL algorithm and in Babai’s nearest planes method. We ran the attack for hundreds of LWE instances demonstrating successful key recovery attacks and yielding information about the effective approximation factor as the lattice dimension grows (see Figure 3). For example, we successfully recover the secret key for an instance with n = 350 in about 3.5 days on a single machine, provided that the modulus is large enough, and the error distribution narrow enough.
Tropical cyclone Marlene and stratosphere‐troposphere exchange

Convective tropical cyclones initiate exchanges of mass and energy between the troposphere and the stratosphere. Recent analyses of ozone and water vapor measurements from Measurements of Ozone by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) data [Suhre et al., 1997] suggest that stratospheric ozone inputs to the troposphere can occur in the tropics near zones of deep convection. In the present paper, we analyze a case study of spectacular stratosphere-troposphere exchange directly linked to the strong tropical cyclone Marlene, that occurred near Mauritius and Reunion Island on April 1995. The amplitude of the ozone peak (300 ppbv at 300 hPa) is comparable to those observed by Suhre et al. In this case, ageostrophic phenomena dominate advective phenomena. Therefore convective effects can be at the origin of mesoscale tropospheric ozone contaminations which affect the entire tropical free troposphere.
DIGITAL INTERPRETIVE MEDIA USAGE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES AT YOGYAKARTA

Cultural heritage is the asset of tourism industry to attract tourist for visiting a country. Cultural heritage needs to be conserved in order to prolong the life from being deterioration. However, conservation needs huge financial cost and this reason becomes the major obstacles for cultural heritage to be maintained its existence in a country. Nowadays, digital cultural heritage conservation is alternatively utilized as it reduces the cost of conservation in the form of digital interpretive media such as video, animation, 3D simulation, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Therefore, this study attempted to seek about the availability of digital interpretive media at cultural heritage sites through a survey. This paper presents the findings of availability level of digital media in the heritage sites in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The findings show that the availability of digital media in Yogyakarta cultural heritage sites are mostly in traditional media types such as signs, brochures, maps, leaflets, and books. In attracting tourist, it is suggested that the cultural heritage sites should be provided with more advance interpretive media, namely computer simulations; personal stereo guided tours, virtual reality, and recently augmented reality as a way to conserve cultural heritage information and values.
AT1 Receptor Agonistic Antibodies From Preeclamptic Patients Stimulate NADPH Oxidase

Background—We recently identified agonistic autoantibodies directed against the angiotensin AT1 receptor (AT1-AA) in the plasma of preeclamptic women. To elucidate their role further, we studied the effects of AT1-AA on reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase expression, and nuclear factor-&kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) activation. Methods and Results—We investigated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and trophoblasts, as well as placentas. AT1-AA were isolated from sera of preeclamptic women. Angiotensin II (Ang II) and AT1-AA increased ROS production and the NADPH oxidase components, p22, p47, and p67 phox in Western blotting. We next tested if AT1-AA lead to NF-&kgr;B activation in VSMC and trophoblasts. AT1-AA activated NF-&kgr;B. Inhibitor-&kgr;B&agr; (I-&kgr;B&agr;) expression was reduced in response to AT1-AA. AT1 receptor blockade with losartan, diphenylene iodonium, tiron, and antisense against p22 phox all reduced ROS production and NF-&kgr;B activation. VSMC from p47phox−/− mice showed markedly reduced ROS generation and NF-&kgr;B activation in response to Ang II and AT1-AA. The p22, p47, and p67 phox expression in placentas from preeclamptic patients was increased, compared with normal placentas. Furthermore, NF-&kgr;B was activated and I-&kgr;B&agr; reduced in placentas from preeclamptic women. Conclusions—NADPH oxidase is potentially an important source of ROS that may upregulate NF-&kgr;B in preeclampsia. We suggest that AT1-AA through activation of NADPH oxidase could contribute to ROS production and inflammatory responses in preeclampsia.
On Determining the Onset and Strength of Breaking for Deep Water Waves. Part I: Unforced Irrotational Wave Groups

Abstract Finding a robust threshold variable that determines the onset of breaking for deep water waves has been an elusive problem for many decades. Recent numerical studies of the unforced evolution of two-dimensional nonlinear wave trains have highlighted the complex evolution to recurrence or breaking, together with the fundamental role played by nonlinear intrawave group dynamics. In Part I of this paper the scope of two-dimensional nonlinear wave group calculations is extended by using a wave-group-following approach applied to a wider class of initial wave group geometries, with the primary goal of identifying the differences between evolution to recurrence and to breaking onset. Part II examines the additional influences of wind forcing and background shear on these evolution processes. The present investigation focuses on the long-term evolution of the maximum of the local energy density along wave groups. It contributes a more complete picture, both long-term and short-term, of the approach to b.
Clonality and intracellular polyploidy in virus evolution and pathogenesis

In the present article we examine clonality in virus evolution. Most viruses retain an active recombination machinery as a potential means to initiate new levels of genetic exploration that go beyond those attainable solely by point mutations. However, despite abundant recombination that may be linked to molecular events essential for genome replication, herein we provide evidence that generation of recombinants with altered biological properties is not essential for the completion of the replication cycles of viruses, and that viral lineages (near-clades) can be defined. We distinguish mechanistically active but inconsequential recombination from evolutionarily relevant recombination, illustrated by episodes in the field and during experimental evolution. In the field, recombination has been at the origin of new viral pathogens, and has conferred fitness advantages to some viruses once the parental viruses have attained a sufficient degree of diversification by point mutations. In the laboratory, recombination mediated a salient genome segmentation of foot-and-mouth disease virus, an important animal pathogen whose genome in nature has always been characterized as unsegmented. We propose a model of continuous mutation and recombination, with punctuated, biologically relevant recombination events for the survival of viruses, both as disease agents and as promoters of cellular evolution. Thus, clonality is the standard evolutionary mode for viruses because recombination is largely inconsequential, since the decisive events for virus replication and survival are not dependent on the exchange of genetic material and formation of recombinant (mosaic) genomes.
Cooperative effects of aminopeptidase N (CD13) expressed by nonmalignant and cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment

Processes that promote cancer progression such as angiogenesis require a functional interplay between malignant and nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. The metalloprotease aminopeptidase N (APN; CD13) is often overexpressed in tumor cells and has been implicated in angiogenesis and cancer progression. Our previous studies of APN-null mice revealed impaired neoangiogenesis in model systems without cancer cells and suggested the hypothesis that APN expressed by nonmalignant cells might promote tumor growth. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the effects of APN deficiency in allografted malignant (tumor) and nonmalignant (host) cells on tumor growth and metastasis in APN-null mice. In two independent tumor graft models, APN activity in both the tumors and the host cells cooperate to promote tumor vascularization and growth. Loss of APN expression by the host and/or the malignant cells also impaired lung metastasis in experimental mouse models. Thus, cooperation in APN expression by both cancer cells and nonmalignant stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment promotes angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.
Corrected phase-type approximations for the workload of the MAP/G/1 queue with heavy-tailed service times

In many applications, significant correlations between arrivals of load-generating events make the numerical evaluation of the load of a system a challenging problem. Here, we construct very accurate approximations of the workload distribution of the MAP/G/1 queue that capture the tail behavior of the exact workload distribution and provide a small relative error. Motivated by statistical analysis, we assume that the service times are a mixture of a phase-type and a heavy-tailed distribution. With the aid of perturbation analysis, we derive our approximations as a sum of the workload distribution of the MAP/PH/1 queue and a heavytailed component that depends on the perturbation parameter. We refer to our approximations as corrected phase-type approximations, and we exhibit their performance with a numerical study.
Maximal regular boundary value problems in Banach-valued function spaces and applications

The nonlocal boundary value problems for differential operator equations of second order with dependent coefficients are studied. The principal parts of the differential operators generated by these problems are non-selfadjoint. Several conditions for the maximal regularity and the Fredholmness in Banach-valued Lp-spaces of these problems are given. By using these results, the maximal regularity of parabolic nonlocal initial boundary value problems is shown. In applications, the nonlocal boundary value problems for quasi elliptic partial differential equations, nonlocal initial boundary value problems for parabolic equations, and their systems on cylindrical domain are studied.
Cumarebo Oil Field, Falcon, Venezuela

The Cumarebo oil field, situated near the coast in northeast Falcon, is operated, and now entirely owned, by the Creole Petroleum Corporation. It was discovered in 1931 and development was largely completed by 1940, but intermittent drilling was continued until 1947. The total number of wells in and around the field is 133. The proved area, 550 acres, is about 2 miles long with an average width of ½ mile. The gravity of the oil produced ranges from 47.0°-50.5° API. The structure is an elongate, sharply folded, severely faulted, asymmetric dome on the northwest flank of a faulted regional fold, both features trending northeastward. The regional and associated branch faults intersecting the dome preceded its folding and thus controlled the distribution of the hydrocarbons which migrated into it. Migration was mostly from the northwest. Of the six segments into which these older, major faults divide the field, the four inner segments, which were not cut off by faults from the source area, are commercially oil-productive; the two outer segments, which were cut off, are oil-poor. A younger system of epianticlinal faults also intersects the structure. All the faults are normal faults; the apparent downthrow is commonly northeast or east, with displace ents ranging between 25 and 1,350 feet. The strata cropping out in the field belong to the middle Miocene Caujarao formation. Production is obtained from the ten oldest sands of this formation and from the two sands in the uppermost 850 feet of the lower Miocene-upper Oligocene Mosquito formation (a new name: other new formation and member names are also published in this paper). These sands, ranging in net sand thickness from 16 to 178 feet, have not been found productive elsewhere in the area. Production from older beds has also been sought, unsuccessfully, both on the Cumarebo structure and elsewhere in the area. Because of the step faulting and multiple sands, producing depths in the field vary widely, ranging between 600 and 2,893 feet. All the reservoirs now produce by gas-cap drive and there is also a water drive on one flank of the biggest reservoir. Pressure maintenance by gas injection was started in 1933; the project was tried in all the more important reservoirs but is now confined to the two largest with highly beneficial results. The maximum rate of oil production was attained in 1933, with a daily average of 13,511 barrels. At the end of 1950, the potential of the field was 4,000 barrels of oil per day. The cumulative production at December 31, 1950, was 42,365,200 barrels of oil.
High prevalence of syphilis, HBV, and HCV co‐infection, and low rate of effective vaccination against hepatitis B in HIV‐infected patients in West China hospital

To investigate the epidemiological features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, and syphilis infection among HIV‐infected patients in West China Hospital. A retrospective study was conducted with HIV‐infected patients from 2014 to 2016 in West China hospital, SCU. Serum makers for HBV, HCV, and syphilis were detected. Among 894 HIV‐infected patients, the prevalence of HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV, HIV/syphilis co‐infections was 14.4%, 5.7%, and 18.9% respectively. HIV/HBV/HCV, HIV/HCV/syphilis, and HIV/HBV/syphilis triple co‐infection was 7 (0.7%), 12(1.3%), 29(3.2%) respectively. The rate of effective vaccination against HBV was only 7.7% in HIV‐infected patients. Age (OR = 0.243 95% CI: 0.114 −0.518), ethnicity (OR = 3.654 95% CI: 1.849‐7.218) and education level (OR = 0.140 95% CI: 0.033‐0.606) are risk factors affecting HIV/HCV co‐infection. A high prevalence of HIV/syphilis, HIV/HBV, and HIV/ HCV co‐infection can be observed in west China. The rate for HIV‐infected patients who were effectively vaccinated against HBV was fewer than 10%.
The effectiveness of a 6-year oral health education programme for primary schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 6-year oral health education programme in primary schoolchildren. METHODS This programme was part of the Signal-Tandmobiel project, a longitudinal collaborative project combining the registration of oral health data and oral health promotion. The intervention group comprised 3291 children with a mean age of 7.1 years (SD 0.43) at the start of the programme. Every year these children were examined clinically and a questionnaire, to be filled in by the parents, was administered to assess oral health behaviour. These children received an oral health education programme which consisted of a yearly 1-h instruction. Data collected using the same questionnaire and clinical examination in 676 12-year-old children were included as control group. The samples were obtained using stratified cluster sampling. The effect of the interventional programme was assessed by measuring differences in caries prevalence and incidence, levels of dental care and reported oral health behaviour. RESULTS Mean DMFT/S values, although higher in the control group, were not significantly different. The reported frequency of brushing was the same in both groups. Significant differences in favour of the intervention group were found in the number of between-meal snacks (P < 0.001) and the proper use of topical fluorides (P < 0.05). Children in the control group showed a significantly lower proportion of filled teeth than those in the intervention group (P < 0.01), with a care index of 73% versus 80%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the implemented minimal school-based oral health education programme did not result in a significant reduction of the caries prevalence measured. The programme has been effective in improving reported dietary habits and the proper use of topical fluorides and resulted in a higher care index.
Non-Rigid Object Contour Tracking via a Novel Supervised Level Set Model

We present a novel approach to non-rigid objects contour tracking in this paper based on a supervised level set model (SLSM). In contrast to most existing trackers that use bounding box to specify the tracked target, the proposed method extracts the accurate contours of the target as tracking output, which achieves better description of the non-rigid objects while reduces background pollution to the target model. Moreover, conventional level set models only emphasize the regional intensity consistency and consider no priors. Differently, the curve evolution of the proposed SLSM is object-oriented and supervised by the specific knowledge of the targets we want to track. Therefore, the SLSM can ensure a more accurate convergence to the exact targets in tracking applications. In particular, we firstly construct the appearance model for the target in an online boosting manner due to its strong discriminative power between the object and the background. Then, the learnt target model is incorporated to model the probabilities of the level set contour by a Bayesian manner, leading the curve converge to the candidate region with maximum likelihood of being the target. Finally, the accurate target region qualifies the samples fed to the boosting procedure as well as the target model prepared for the next time step. We firstly describe the proposed mechanism of two-phase SLSM for single target tracking, then give its generalized multi-phase version for dealing with multi-target tracking cases. Positive decrease rate is used to adjust the learning pace over time, enabling tracking to continue under partial and total occlusion. Experimental results on a number of challenging sequences validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cross-tropopause mixing of ozone through gravity wave breaking: Observation and modeling

In the companion paper [Langford et al., this issue] clear signatures of ozone modulation by gravity waves in the lower and middle troposphere have been described from lidar observations over Fritz Peak Observatory (39.9°N, 105.3°W) during September 3–4, 1993, and analyzed using a linear model. It is emphasized in that paper that the linear analysis breaks down at the tropopause level. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the ozone observation in the upper troposphere using a high-resolution mesoscale model and analyze the physical processes responsible for the structures in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. In particular, it is shown that topographically excited gravity waves that break at the tropopause level are responsible for an irreversible exchange of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere.
On using priority inheritance in real-time databases

The authors investigate solutions to the priority inversion problem in a real-time database where two-phase locking is employed for concurrency control. They examine two basic schemes for addressing the priority inversion problem, one based on priority inheritance and the other based on priority abort. The authors also study a new scheme, called conditional priority inheritance, which attempts to capitalize on the advantage of each of the two basic schemes. The performance studies, conducted on a real-time database testbed, indicated that the basic priority inheritance protocol is inappropriate for solving the priority inversion problem in real-time database systems. The authors also show that the conditional priority inheritance scheme and the priority abort scheme perform well for a wide range of system workloads. <<ETX>>