Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modelling, Simulation, and Optimal Control of the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa

The Ebola virus is currently one of the most virulent pathogens for humans. The latest major outbreak occurred in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia in 2014. With the aim of understanding the spread of infection in the affected countries, it is crucial to modelize the virus and simulate it. In this paper, we begin by studying a simple mathematical model that describes the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Liberia. Then, we use numerical simulations and available data provided by the World Health Organization to validate the obtained mathematical model. Moreover, we develop a new mathematical model including vaccination of individuals. We discuss different cases of vaccination in order to predict the effect of vaccination on the infected individuals over time. Finally, we apply optimal control to study the impact of vaccination on the spread of the Ebola virus. The optimal control problem is solved numerically by using a direct multiple shooting method.
Twisted duality and polynomials of embedded graphs

We consider two operations on the edge of an embedded graph (or equivalently a ribbon graph): giving a half-twist to the edge and taking the partial dual with respect to the edge. These two operations give rise to an action of S 3 e(G) , the ribbon group of G, on G. We show that this ribbon group action gives a complete characterization of duality in that if G is any cellularly embedded graph with medial graph Gm, then the orbit of G under the group action is precisely the set of all graphs with medial graphs isomorphic (as abstract graphs) to Gm. We then show how this group action leads to a deeper understanding of the properties of, and relationships among, various graph polynomials such as the generalized transition polynomial , an extension of the Penrose polynomial to embedded graphs, and the topological Tutte polynomial of Bollobás and Riordan, with implications for various knot and link invariants.
Learning and knowledge extraction from a potential based neural network

In this paper, we present a strategy of shape-adaptive radial basis functions (RBF) based on potential functions. We also propose a neural network topology, which is based on RBFs and synthesized potential fields. The originality of the presented approach is in the training algorithm, which sequentially adds basis functions (centered on training data points) if this improves the classification performance. The experiments with several datasets demonstrate the algorithm's power in generating classification solutions for learning samples of various shapes. We discuss the implementation of the presented method with two large data sets (vehicle silhouettes and shuttle control sets). We compare the classification performance on the training and test sets achieved by the proposed approach and some other neural network models.
The Advantage of Rightmost Ordering for gamma5 in Dimensional Regularization

We propose a gamma5 scheme in dimensional regularization by analytically continuing the dimension after all the gamma5 matrices have been moved to the rightmost position. All Feynman amplitudes corresponding to diagrams with no fermion loops regulated in this manner automatically satisfy the Ward-Takahashi identities. This is in contrast to the scheme of Breitenlohner and Maison, in which finite counter-terms are needed to restore gauge invariance. This rightmost gamma5 scheme also has an advantage over the naive dimensional regularization scheme which does not have a definitive prescription consistent with gauge symmetry. Diagrams with fermion loops can be handled by selecting a proper cut point on each fermion loop to play the role of the point of the rightmost position.
Public Announcement Logics with Constrained Protocols

Public announcement logic (PAL) is a paradigm case of dynamic epistemic logic, which models how agents’ epistemic states change when pieces of information are communicated publicly. PAL extends epistemic logic with the operator [A], where the intended reading of [A]φ is “After a public announcement that A, φ holds. ” This logic has recently received two improvements. One improvement, studied in [1], is to extend PAL with a generalized public announcement operator that allows quantification over public announcements. The other, studied in [5, 6], is a semantic setting to model “announcement protocols” to restrict the announcable sequences of formulas, while whatever is true is assumed to be announcable in PAL itself. The purpose of the present paper is to merge these two kinds of improvements. We consider the extension of public announcement logic with the generalized public announcement operator in the semantic setting of restricted announcement protocols.
Evaluación de la Memoria Tipo Episódica en preescolares empleando una tarea con perspectiva egocéntrica Assessment of Episodic Like-Memory in Preschool Children Using an Egocentric Perspective Task

Episodic Like-Memory (ELM) in- volves the integrated retrieval of minimum ele- ments of episodic memory: the What, Where and When (WWW) knowledge of a personal event. Research suggests that an appropriate task for children should be done with an egocentric per- spective and occur in a single trial, because if sev- eral trials take place, it implies the use of semantic information. A task with an egocentric perspective and achievable in a single training trial was designed; this task manipulated the mag- nitude of the consequence for two experiences and the interval between training and test. Pre- schoolers, from an egocentric perspective, searched for big or small coins in three containers and chose their favorite content after two time in- tervals. The participants' choices showed the in- tegrated retrieval of WWW from a single training trial. In addition, preschoolers' choices reflected their retrieval strategies: immediacy or greater consequence. The task is based on the representa- tions of the participant rather than verbal report- ing capability, which makes this preparation sensitive to episodic cognition of ELM recollec- tion in children.
Invariant chains and the homology of quotient spaces

For a finite group G and a finite G-CW-complex X, we construct groups H_\bullet(G,X) as the homology groups of the G-invariants of the cellular chain complex C_\bullet(X). These groups are related to the homology of the quotient space X/G via a norm map, and therefore provide a mechanism for calculating H_\bullet(X/G). We compute several examples and provide a new proof of ``Smith theory": if G=Z/p and X is a mod p homology sphere on which G acts, then the subcomplex X^G is empty or a mod $p$ homology sphere. We also get a new proof of the Conner conjecture: If G=Z/p acts on a Z-acyclic space X, then X/G is Z-acyclic.
Modified Progressive Switched Median Filter for Image Enhancement

Modified progressive switching median filter is proposed. It is constructed using introduction of the impulse noise detector from adaptive switching median filter into the progressive switching median filter. The results of comparative analysis of new algorithm with other filters are presented. The results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient in the case of randomvalued impulse noise removing from digital images.
Correspondence between functional magnetic resonance imaging somatotopy and individual brain anatomy of the central region: comparison with intraoperative stimulation in patients with brain tumors.

OBJECT The goal of this study was to determine the somatotopical structure-function relationships of the primary motor cortex in individual patients by using functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging. This was done to assess whether there is a displacement of functional areas compared with anatomical landmarks in patients harboring brain tumors close to the central region, and to validate these findings with intraoperative cortical stimulation. METHODS One hundred twenty hemispheres in 60 patients were studied by obtaining blood oxygen level-dependent fMR images in patients while they performed movements of the foot, hand, and face on both sides. There was a good correspondence between anatomical landmarks in the deep portion of the central sulcus on axial slices and the somatotopical organization of primary motor areas. Pixels activated during hand movements were centered on a small characteristic digitation; those activated during movements in the face and foot areas were located in the lower portion of the central sulcus (lateral to the hand area) and around the termination of the central sulcus, respectively. In diseased hemispheres, signal-intensity changes were still observed in the projection of the expected anatomical area. The fMR imaging data mapped intraoperative electrical stimulation in 92% of positive sites. CONCLUSIONS There was a high correspondence between the somatotopical anatomy and function in the central sulcus, which was similar in normal and diseased hemispheres. The fMR imaging and electrical stimulation data were highly concordant. These findings may enable the neurosurgeon to locate primary motor areas more easily during surgery.
Interpretation of laser absorption measurements on 4H-SiC bipolar diodes by numerical simulation

The interpretation and evaluation of free carrier absorption experiments on SiC devices is essentially supported by computer simulations of the measurement process, which exploits the physical effect that the light absorption coefficient in a semiconductor depends on the electron and hole concentrations. Hence, the attenuation of a laser beam transmitted through a sample is an integral function of the local charge carrier density along the optical path. We investigated time-resolved absorption profiles in 4H-SiC pin-diodes in the high-injection regime at current densities of 100 A/cm2. Based on ldquovirtual experimentsrdquo we studied the factors limiting the spatial resolution or disturbing the absorption signal such as Fabry-Perot interferences.
Sensor based creation of indoor virtual environment models

A system that can rapidly, reliably, remotely and accurately create a photo-realistic 3D model of indoor environments is needed for many applications. In this paper, we present a mobile mapping system that is designed to generate such models automatically from various sensors. Surfaces and features can be accurately mapped from images acquired by a unique configuration of different types of optical imaging sensor and dead-reckoning positioning device. This configuration guarantees that all the information required to create the 3D model of the environment is included in the collected data. The same general design concept can be used for environments ranging from simple office hallways to long, winding underground mine tunnels. This paper describes the hardware systems and processing procedures. We also present test results and describe our virtual environment facility to display such models.
On the Security of VSH in Password Schemes

In this paper we improve Saarinen's method for finding preimages of very smooth hash (VSH) hash values and generalise it to some of the variants of VSH proposed by Contini et al. VSH is a new hash function that has been proved to be collision resistant under similar assumptions on the factoring of large integers as the RSA cipher. Saarinen has developed a method for finding preimages of VSH hash values and in his paper he gave an example of its application to 169-bit VSH and 4-character passwords consisting of lowercase alphabets. Because there were no results on the practical effectiveness of this approach with cryptographically significant security parameters, we give some results on the time and memory required to find the preimages of 8-character alphanumeric passwords secured by 1024-bit and 2048-bit VSH on quite modest hardware. In our study we implemented both the original VSH and the cubing variant of VSH. Our results show that both Saarinen's method and our method can find preimages of password hash values very quickly and that our method is faster in many cases. Our method also uses reusable tables that can be used to find the preimages of subsequent hash values faster than with the original method.
Peptic Ulcer Diseases: Genetics, Mechanism, and Therapies

Peptic ulcer disease is a very common disease which is mainly relevant to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [1, 2]. Recent advances in biology and medicine have introduced new technologies to study the genetics of and the mechanisms underlying its pathology. Knowledge and understanding of these conditions have led to the development of animal models, successful therapies, and novel tools to characterize these clinical conditions and provide better care to patients. In this special issue, we invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate the continuing efforts to understand the underlying molecular issue, the development of strategies to treat these conditions, and the evaluation of outcomes. We are particularly interested in articles describing the new modalities for clinical characterization of this disease and measuring outcomes from treatment trials, advances in molecular genetics and molecular diagnostics, and current concepts in the treatment issues such as (1) recent genetic developments in peptic ulcer disease research such as genetic polymorphism and peptic ulcer disease, (2) recent advances in genetics and treatment of H. pylori, (3) latest technologies for clinical evaluation and measuring outcomes of peptic ulcer disease, (4) peptic ulcer disease mechanism using model systems such as H. pylori, (5) recent advances in peptic ulcer disease bleeding, (6) recent advances in peptic ulcer disease perforation and stenosis, and (7) recent advances in the relevant motility issue. Eventually, we published 11 papers overall.
Genetic analysis of the ELOVL6 gene polymorphism associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Recent animal studies have indicated that overexpression of the elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (Elovl6) gene can cause insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. These are the major factors involved in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To identify the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ELOVL6 and T2DM pathogenesis, we conducted a case-control study of 610 Han Chinese individuals (328 newly diagnosed T2DM and 282 healthy subjects). Insulin resistance and islet first-phase secretion function were evaluated by assessment of insulin resistance in a homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) and an arginine stimulation test. Three SNPs of the ELOVL6 gene were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, with DNA sequencing used to confirm the results. Only genotypes TT and CT of the ELOVL6 SNP rs12504538 were detected in the samples. Genotype CC was not observed. The T2DM group had a higher frequency of the C allele and the CT genotype than the control group. Subjects with the CT genotype had higher HOMA-IR values than those with the TT genotype. In addition, no statistical significance was observed between the genotype and allele frequencies of the control and T2DM groups for SNPs rs17041272 and rs6824447. The study indicated that the ELOVL6 gene polymorphism rs12504538 is associated with an increased risk of T2DM, because it causes an increase in insulin resistance.
Constraints on the Self-Interaction Cross Section of Dark Matter from Numerical Simulations of the Merging Galaxy Cluster 1E 0657–56

We compare recent results from X-ray, strong lensing, weak lensing, and optical observations with numerical simulations of the merging galaxy cluster 1E 0657–56. X-ray observations reveal a bullet-like subcluster with a prominent bow shock, which gives an estimate for the merger velocity of 4700 km s−1, while lensing results show that the positions of the total mass peaks are consistent with the centroids of the collisionless galaxies (and inconsistent with the X-ray brightness peaks). Previous studies, based on older observational data sets, have placed upper limits on the self-interaction cross section of dark matter per unit mass, σ/m, using simplified analytic techniques. In this work, we take advantage of new, higher quality observational data sets by running full N-body simulations of 1E 0657–56 that include the effects of self-interacting dark matter, and comparing the results with observations. Furthermore, the recent data allow for a new independent method of constraining σ/m, based on the nonobservation of an offset between the bullet subcluster mass peak and galaxy centroid. This new method places an upper limit (68% confidence) of σ/m < 1.25 cm2 g−1. If we make the assumption that the subcluster and the main cluster had equal mass-to-light ratios prior to the merger, we derive our most stringent constraint of σ/m < 0.7 cm2 g−1, which comes from the consistency of the subcluster’s observed mass-to-light ratio with the main cluster’s, and with the universal cluster value, ruling out the possibility of a large fraction of dark matter particles being scattered away due to collisions. Our limit is a slight improvement over the previous result from analytic estimates, and rules out most of the 0.5-5 cm2 g−1 range invoked to explain inconsistencies between the standard collisionless cold dark matter model and observations.
Efficient data hiding in encrypted JPEG 2000 codestreams

In this paper, an effective data hiding method for encrypted JPEG 2000 codestreams is proposed. By using the property of the discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), an image is visually encrypted: multiplying random signs to the discrete wavelet transformed (DWTed) coefficients of the image, where the image is also compressed in the DWTed domain by JPEG 2000. In addition, data hiding is performed in the DWTed domain as well. It provides a number of possible applications; the hidden data may be extracted and then the original image is recovered, or the codestreams is directly decoded and decrypted to get the image containing the hidden data. Experimental results show that the proposed method is efficient in terms of visual protection, quality of decrypted images containing the hidden data, and hidden data extraction.
International Journal of Physical Sciences Investigation of Carbon Monoxide Concentration from Anthropogenic Sources in Lagos, Nigeria the Work Investigated the Carbon Monoxide (co) Concentration from Anthropogenic Sources in Eight, Different Local Council Development Authority (lcda) in Lagos State

residential and commercial areas, are moderate and considered safe for those in the area. On the other hand CO concentration from trucks is very high based on the US air quality index (AQI) and therefore considered unhealthy for the people. It is obvious from this study that CO concentration is generally associated with the use of fossil fuel which suggest that the less we rely on fossil fuel, the more healthy the environment.
A New GmC Active Filter with Auto-Tuning Loop Based on PLL Architecture in CMOS Technology

In this paper a new Gm-C active filter with auto-tuning loop based on PLL architecture in CMOS technology is presented. The auto-tuning loop of the proposed structure is represented by a PLL having the voltage controlled oscillator implemented with a replica of Gm-C filter in positive feedback connection. The loop sets the biasing of VCO such that the oscillation frequency provided by the loop is equal to the fixed input frequency of the PLL (which represents the centre frequency of the Gm-C core filter). Thus, the loop gives the bias values of the Gm-C core filter in order to maintain its centre frequency equal to the reference frequency at the PLL input, which is independent of process, supply voltage and temperature variations. The proposed 2 order Gm-C Butterworth type band-pass filter provides a ±8% variation of the centre frequency (30MHz) in all critical corners, with a 400mVpp(diff) dynamic range, THD < 1% and uses 1.8V supply voltage. The simulations performed in 65nm CMOS process confirm the theoretical results. Keywords-Auto-tuning Loop; Biquad; CMOS; Gm-C Filter; PLL; Transconductor; VLSI
Comparison of Culture and Molecular Identification of Bacteria in Chronic Wounds

Clinical diagnostics of chronic polymicrobial infections, such as those found in chronic wounds, represent a diagnostic challenge for both culture and molecular methods. In the current retrospective study, the results of aerobic bacterial cultures and culture-free bacterial identification using DNA analyses were compared. A total of 168 chronic wounds were studied. The majority of bacteria identified with culture testing were also identified with molecular testing, but the majority of bacteria identified with the molecular testing were not identified with culture testing. Seventeen (17) different bacterial taxa were identified with culture, and 338 different bacterial taxa were identified with molecular testing. This study demonstrates the increased sensitivity that molecular microbial identification can have over culture methodologies, and previous studies suggest that molecular bacterial identification can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with chronic wounds.
High Throughput Routing in Large-Scale Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Routing in large-scale multi-radio wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is facing two challenges in achieving a high throughput. One is the long path between the source and the destination, and the other is the high routing overhead. We study the both aspects and develop our schemes accordingly. Firstly, a new routing metric for selecting multi-channel routes with maximum end-to-end capacity is presented. Secondly, a feedback based algorithm to maximize the control message broadcasting interval is proposed to minimize the routing overhead, offering more residual capacity for data traffic while keeping the routes reliable. Both the theoretic analysis and simulation experiments demonstrate the effectivity of our proposals.
Sound Rhythms Are Encoded by Postinhibitory Rebound Spiking in the Superior Paraolivary Nucleus

The superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) is a prominent structure in the auditory brainstem. In contrast to the principal superior olivary nuclei with identified roles in processing binaural sound localization cues, the role of the SPON in hearing is not well understood. A combined in vitro and in vivo approach was used to investigate the cellular properties of SPON neurons in the mouse. Patch-clamp recordings in brain slices revealed that brief and well timed postinhibitory rebound spiking, generated by the interaction of two subthreshold-activated ion currents, is a hallmark of SPON neurons. The Ih current determines the timing of the rebound, whereas the T-type Ca2+ current boosts the rebound to spike threshold. This precisely timed rebound spiking provides a physiological explanation for the sensitivity of SPON neurons to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) tones in vivo, where peaks in the sound envelope drive inhibitory inputs and SPON neurons fire action potentials during the waveform troughs. Consistent with this notion, SPON neurons display intrinsic tuning to frequency-modulated sinusoidal currents (1–15Hz) in vitro and discharge with strong synchrony to SAMs with modulation frequencies between 1 and 20 Hz in vivo. The results of this study suggest that the SPON is particularly well suited to encode rhythmic sound patterns. Such temporal periodicity information is likely important for detection of communication cues, such as the acoustic envelopes of animal vocalizations and speech signals.