Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ontology-Based Interface Specifications for a NLP Pipeline Architecture

The high level of heterogeneity between linguistic annotations usually complicates the interoperability of processing modules within an NLP pipeline. In this paper, a framework for the interoperation of NLP components, based on a data-driven architecture, is presented. Here, ontologies of linguistic annotation are employed to provide a conceptual basis for the tagset-neutral processing of linguistic annotations. The framework proposed here is based on a set of structured OWL ontologies: a reference ontology, a set of annotation models which formalize different annotation schemes, and a declarative linking between these, specified separately. This modular architecture is particularly scalable and flexible as it allows for the integration of different reference ontologies of linguistic annotations in order to overcome the absence of a consensus for an ontology of linguistic terminology. Our proposal originates from three lines of research from different fields: research on annotation type systems in UIMA; the ontological architecture OLiA, originally developed for sustainable documentation and annotation-independent corpus browsing, and the ontologies of the OntoTag model, targeted towards the processing of linguistic annotations in Semantic Web applications. We describe how UIMA annotations can be backed up by ontological specifications of annotation schemes as in the OLiA model, and how these are linked to the OntoTag ontologies, which allow for further ontological processing.
Social Capital--An Alternative Model to College Graduation.

To encourage college students to stay enrolled and to graduate remains a challenge for educators and educational policymakers. There are basically two lines of actions in addressing the issue of student persistence. One is directed towards eliminating or reducing the risk factors such as poor student services and hostile learning environment; while the other towards promoting and reinforcing certain qualities and contextual factors that encourage students to stay and achieve their educational goals. The proposed paper aims to explore a theoretical construct that consists of factors that help students continue the college career they initiate and complete their educational programs.
Conditional Ablation of Nonmuscle Myosin II-B Delineates Heart Defects in Adult Mice

Rationale: Germline ablation of the cytoskeletal protein nonmuscle myosin II (NMII)-B results in embryonic lethality, with defects in both the brain and heart. Tissue-specific ablation of NMII-B by a Cre recombinase strategy should prevent embryonic lethality and permit study of the function of NMII-B in adult hearts. Objective: We sought to understand the function of NMII-B in adult mouse hearts and to see whether the brain defects found in germline-ablated mice influence cardiac development. Methods and Results: We used a loxP/Cre recombinase strategy to specifically ablate NMII-B in the brains or hearts of mice. Mice ablated for NMII-B in neural tissues die between postnatal day 12 and 22 without showing cardiac defects. Mice deficient in NMII-B only in cardiac myocytes (B&agr;MHC/B&agr;MHC mice) do not show brain defects. However, B&agr;MHC/B&agr;MHC mice display novel cardiac defects not seen in NMII-B germline-ablated mice. Most of the B&agr;MHC/B&agr;MHC mice are born with enlarged cardiac myocytes, some of which are multinucleated, reflecting a defect in cytokinesis. Between 6 to 10 months, they develop a cardiomyopathy that includes interstitial fibrosis and infiltration of the myocardium and pericardium with inflammatory cells. Four of 5 B&agr;MHC/B&agr;MHC hearts develop marked widening of intercalated discs. Conclusions: By avoiding the embryonic lethality found in germline-ablated mice, we were able to study the function of NMII-B in adult mice and show that absence of NMII-B in cardiac myocytes results in cardiomyopathy in the adult heart. We also define a role for NMII-B in maintaining the integrity of intercalated discs.
Optimisation of Classifier Ensemble for Predictive Toxicology Applications

Ensembles of classifiers proved potential in getting higher accuracy compared to a single classifier. High diversity in an ensemble may improve the performance results significantly. We propose an ensemble approach which has diversity calculated using disagreement measure of classification output. A CRS (Classifier Ranking System) is introduced for the selection of relevant classifiers. We also propose the Optimisation of Classifiers Ensemble Method (OCEM) technique which applies to the ensemble selection. In this paper, we focus on classification models for predictive toxicology applications, for which computational models are required to replace in vivo experiments. The results show that our method performs well in selecting the relevant ensemble model to improve the prediction from a collection of classifiers.
Fixed response thresholds and the regulation of division of labor in insect societies

We introduce a simple mathematical model of regulation of division of labor in insect societies based on fixed-response thresholds. Individuals with different thresholds respond differently to task-associated stimuli. Low-threshold individuals become involved at a lower level of stimulus than high-threshold individuals. We show that this simple model can account for experimental observations of Wilson (1984), extend the model to more complicated situations, explore its properties, and study under what conditions it can account for temporal polyethism.
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma with a Large Cystic Dilated Lymph Node Metastasis to the Neck Mimicking a Branchial Cleft Cyst: A Potential Pitfall

Lateral cervical cystic mass in a young adult very rarely could be a first sign of an occult thyroid papillary microcarcinoma metastasis. In this paper, we presented a 37-year-old male patient whose preoperative 6 cm left lateral cervical cystic mass was initially diagnosed as branchial cleft cyst, but then the postoperative histopathological examination of the mass was revealed as papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis. Preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy was relevant with a branchial cleft cyst. In the left thyroid lobe there were 3 solid nodules with 4, 6, and 12 mm dimensions, respectively. One of the nodules had malignant well-differentiated cells diagnosed after fine needle aspiration biopsy. After total thyroidectomy, histopathologic evaluation of biopsy material's showed papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. This case indicates that especially in a young adult lateral cervical cystic mass should be carefully considered preoperatively for the possibility of metastatic occult thyroid carcinoma, especially for papillary carcinoma in differential diagnosis, and evaluation of the thyroid gland should be taken into account.
Preserving Privacy and Sharing the Data in Distributed Environment using Cryptographic Technique on Perturbed data

The main objective of data mining is to extract previously unknown patterns from large collection of data. With the rapid growth in hardware, software and networking technology there is outstanding growth in the amount data collection. Organizations collect huge volumes of data from heterogeneous databases which also contain sensitive and private information about and individual . The data mining extracts novel patterns from such data which can be used in various domains for decision making . The problem with data mining output is that it also reveals some information, which are considered to be private and personal. Easy access to such personal data poses a threat to individual privacy. There has been growing concern about the chance of misusing personal information behind the scene without the knowledge of actual data owner. Privacy is becoming an increasingly important issue in many data mining applications in distributed environment. Privacy preserving data mining technique gives new direction to solve this problem. PPDM gives valid data mining results without learning the underlying data values . The benefits of data mining can be enjoyed, without compromising the privacy of concerned individuals. The original data is modified or a process is used in such a way that private data and private knowledge remain private even after the mining process. In this paper we have proposed a framework that allows systemic transformation of original data using randomized data perturbation technique and the modified data is then submitted as result of client's query through cryptographic approach. Using this approach we can achieve confidentiality at client as well as data owner sites. This model gives valid data mining results for analysis purpose but the actual or true data is not revealed.
Some Remarks on Zero-increasing Transformations X1. Introduction

Let T be a linear operator which maps polynomials of degree n to polynomials of degree n, for every n. We discuss the problem of trying to characterize the set of all such operators which satisfy Z I (p) Z J (Tp) for every real-valued polynomial p, where Z I counts the number of zeros on the interval I of I R. Let denote the space of all real-valued polynomials, and n the subspace of all polynomials of degree at most n. In this paper we will consider linear operators T : ! for which T : n ! n for each n 2 ZZ +. For each polynomial p, we let Z I (p) denote the number of zeros of p, counting multiplicity, on the interval I IR. The problem we will discuss is that of characterizing those T for which Z I (p) Z J (Tp) for all p 2. We call such operators zero-increasing (ZI). Problems of this type have a long and distinguished history. The interested reader may wish to browse in the books of Marden 18], Obreschkoo 19], and PP olya{Szeg} o 23]. Let us start with a few simple examples of such operators in order to convince ourselves that they do exist and can be non-trivial. Perhaps the simplest (but trivial) example is (Tp)(x) = (x ? a)p 0 (x) ISBN 0-8265-xxxx-x. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
Measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl in a rapidly growing region using entropy

Rapid urban development and dramatic change of landscape have been recently witnessed in some developing countries as a result of rapid economic development. The measurement and monitoring of land-use changes in these areas are crucial to government officials and planners who urgently need updated information for planning and management purposes. This paper examines the use of entropy in the measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl by the integration of remote sensing and GI~. The advantages of the entropy method are its simplicity and easy integration with GIs. The measurement of entropy is devised based on two locational factors-distances from town centers and roads-to capture and reveal spatial patterns of urban sprawl. The entropy space can be conveniently used to differentiate various kinds of urban growth patterns. The application of the method in the Pearl River Delta, one of the fastest growing regions in China, has demonstmted that it is very useful and effective for the monitoring of urban sprawl. It provides a useful tool for the quantitative measurement that is much needed for rapidly growing regions in identifying the spatial variations and temporal changes of urban sprawl patterns. lntroductlon
Rearranging the order of program statements for code clone detection

A code clone is a code fragment identical or similar to another code fragment in source code. Some of code clones are considered as a factor of bug replications and make it more difficult to maintain software. Various code clone detection tools have been proposed so far. However, in most algorithms adopted by existing clone detection tools, if program statements are reordered, they are not detected as code clones. In this research, we examined how clone detection results change by rearranging the order of program statements. We performed preprocessing to rearranging the order of program statements using program dependency graph (PDG). We compared clone detection results with and without preprocessing. As a result, by rearranging the order of program statements, the number of detected code clones is almost the same in most projects. We classified newly detected or disappeared clones manually. From our experimental results, we show that there is no newly detected clone whose statements are reordered and that there are four disappeared clones whose statements are reordered. We think three out of the four clones occurred by copy-and-paste operations. Therefore, we conclude that rearranging the order of program statements is not effective to detect reordered code clones.
Subtyping Union Types May 5 , 2004

Subtyping rules can be fairly complex for union types, due to interactions with other types, such as function types. Furthermore, these interactions turn out to depend on the calculus considered: for instance, a call-by-value calculus and a call-by-name calculus will have different possible subtyping rules. In order to abstract ourselves away from this dependence, we consider a fairly large class of calculi. We define types in a semantic fashion, as sets of terms. Then, a type can be a subtype of another type if its denotation is included in the denotation of the other type. We first consider a simple type system with union, function, pair and constant types. Using inference rules, we specify a subtyping relation which is both sound and complete with respect to the class of calculi. We then extend this result to a richer type system with ML-style polymorphism and type constructors. We expect this framework to allow the study of subtyping relations that only hold for some calculi by restricting the class considered, and to allow the study of subtyping relations for richer type systems by enriching the class.
Art and the brain

A talented artist developed a progressive aphasia syndrome associated with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). As her disease progressed, language and executive skills declined, but her paintings became freer and more original. She demonstrates that artistic development can occur in the setting of language-dominant types of FTD. The study of artistic development in the setting of FTD suggests that language is not required for, and may even inhibit, certain types of visual creativity.
Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: classification and management

Despite the emphasis on the motor phenotype of Parkinson's disease (PD), it has been increasingly recognized that PD patients experience several nonmotor symptoms (NMS), which have even greater significance when assessed by quality-of-life measures and institutionaliza - tion rates. The burden of NMS tends to increase with age and disease severity and, in the very advanced stage of disease, NMS such as urinary problems, drooling, somnolence, psychosis, and dementia dominate the clinical phenotype. Moreover, the dopaminergic treatment used for the motor symptoms of PD can arise or worsen a number of NMS, including orthostatic hypotension, nausea, sleep disturbances, hallucinations, or impulsive compulsive behaviors. Here we review the most common NMS of PD with a focus on their pharmacological management.
Defining the Caudal Ventral Striatum in Primates: Cellular and Histochemical Features

Afferents from the amygdala help to define the ventral striatum and mediate goal-directed behaviors. In addition to well known inputs to the classic ventral striatum, the amygdala also projects to the caudoventral striatum and amygdalostriatal area. We examined whether the primate caudoventral striatum and amygdalostriatal area can be considered part of the “ventral” striatum based on cellular and histochemical features found in the classic rostral ventral striatum. We used several histochemical stains, including calbindin-D28k, a marker of the shell compartment, acetylcholinesterase, substance P, tyrosine hydroxylase, and Bcl-2, a marker of immature neurons, to examine this question. Our results indicate that the lateral amygdalostriatal area and caudoventral striatum are “striatal like” based on intermediate to high acetylcholinesterase and tyrosine hydroxylase levels. The lateral amygdalostriatal area is chemically similar to the shell, whereas the caudoventral striatum more closely resembles the striatum outside the shell. In contrast, the medial amygdalostriatal area is more related to the central amygdaloid nucleus than to the striatum. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity is associated with granular islands and medium-sized cells in the vicinity of the ventral striatum both rostrally and caudally. Together, the caudal ventral striatum has a histochemical and cellular organization similar to that of the rostral ventral striatum, consistent with their common innervation by the amygdala and other ventral structures. In addition, Bcl-2 is expressed in and near both poles of the ventral striatum, suggesting that these areas maintain a heightened capacity for growth and plasticity compared with other striatal sectors.
Endoreduplication is not involved in bundle-sheath formation in the C4 species Cleome gynandra

There is currently significant interest in engineering the two-celled C4 photosynthesis pathway into crops such as rice in order to increase yield. This will require alterations to the biochemistry of photosynthesis in both mesophyll (M) and bundle-sheath (BS) cells, but also alterations to leaf anatomy. For example, the BS of C4 species is enlarged compared with that in C3 species. Because cell and nucleus size are often correlated, this study investigated whether nuclear endoreduplication is associated with increased differentiation and expansion of BS cells. Nuclei in the BS of C4 Cleome gynandra were tagged with green fluorescent protein. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy and flow cytometry of isolated nuclei were used to quantify size and DNA content in BS cells. The results showed a significant endoreduplication in BS cells of C. gynandra but not in additional C4 lineages from both the monocotyledonous and dicotyledenous plants. Furthermore, in the C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana, BS cells undergo endoreduplication. Due to this significant endoreduplication in the small BS cells of C3 A. thaliana, it was concluded that endoreduplication of BS nuclei in C4 plants is not linked to expansion and differentiation of BS cells, and therefore that alternative strategies to increase this compartment need to be sought in order to engineer C4 traits into C3 crops such as rice.
An Assessment of Psychological Distress and Resilience among Nurse Practitioner Students

iii LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . viii CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION AND PROBLEM STATEMENT. 1 CHAPTER TWO. LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 CHAPTER THREE. DESIGN . 22 CHAPTER FOUR. EVALUATION . 32 CHAPTER FIVE. RESULTS . 33 CHAPTER SIX. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION . 39 REFERENCES . 51 APPENDIX A. NDSU IRB APPROVAL . 63 APPENDIX B. SURVEY . 64 APPENDIX C. CONNOR-DAVIDSON SURVEY AGREEMENT . 73 APPENDIX D. MASLACH BURNOUT INVENTORY AGREEMENT . 74 APPENDIX E. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 75
Toward Maximizing Throughput in Wireless Relay: A General User Cooperation Model

We consider a generalization of the classic two-slot user cooperation model with a target to maximize the throughput. By allowing the relay to transmit, in the second time slot, an arbitrary combination of the partner's data and its new data, we show that the system throughput, which accounts for both the information rate and the outage probability, is in general improved. We further generalize the model to a multiple-user cooperative chain, where a user is given the freedom to, in its designated time slot, relay for any one, some or all of the previous users and at the same time transmit new data. Two specific time allocation methods are discussed with a sliding-window implementation, and their performances analyzed with respect to the availability of the feedback information. Compared to the conventional model, the generalized model considerably increases the system throughput, in addition to increasing the operational flexibility. Computer simulations using practical channel codes confirm the analysis.
Implementing Virtual Machine Replication: A Case Study Using Xen and KVM

Virtual machine (VM) replication has been recognized as an inexpensive way of providing high availability on commodity hardware. Unfortunately, its impact on system performance is far from negligible and strategies have been proposed to mitigate this problem. In this paper we take a look at VM replication from a different perspective: the choice of a hyper visor. Namely, the differences between hyper visors in terms of architecture and performance are well known and studied in the literature, but no analysis has been performed so far in the context of replication. Taking open-source hyper visors Xen and KVM as examples, we show what hyper visor services are necessary to implement a primary-backup replication scheme and how hyper visor design affects the development steps and the performance. Interestingly, our user space implementation on top of KVM achieves roughly the same performance as an already existing, more mature Xen implementation, which leads us to the conclusion that the inherent cost of the replication scheme dominates the differences between the chosen hyper visors.
Comparing The Post-Adoption Perceptions Of Educators And Students With An E-Learning Platform

This paper compares the post-adoption perceptions of educators and students with an e-learning platform. The comparison is based on 175 educators and 249 students in a Finnish university who use a learning management system, Moodle. The analysis of the survey data follows a two-phase strategy. In the first phase, perceptions of educators and students regarding confirmation of initial expectations, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived access, perceived reliability, perceived compatibility, and satisfaction were compared using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the second phase, partial least squares (PLS) technique is employed to compare the path values and explained variances in satisfaction by putting all other variables as predictors. The ANOVA results suggest that students have more positive perceptions regarding perceived ease of use, access, reliability, and compatibility of the e-learning platform than the educators. The PLS analysis results revealed that the amount of variance of students’ satisfaction explained by its predictors was 9 percentage points lower than that of educators. The study concludes with both theoretical and managerial implications.
A European survey of noninvasive ventilation practices

Although noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is becoming very popular, little is known about its pattern of clinical and technical utilisation in different environments. We conducted a web-based survey in Europe to identify the perceived pattern of NIV utilisation and the reason for choosing a specific ventilator and interface type in four common clinical scenarios: acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF), cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPE), de novo hypoxic respiratory failure and weaning/post-extubation failure (W/PE). A response was obtained from 272 (51.3%) out of 530 selected European physicians involved in NIV practice. The NIV utilisation rate was higher for pulmonologists than intensivists/anesthesiologists (p<0.05). The most common indication for all the physicians was AHRF (48%). Physicians were more likely to use NIV dedicated ventilator in AHRF and CPE and an intensive care unit (ICU) ventilator with NIV module in de novo hypoxic respiratory failure and W/PE, mainly because of the possibility of using the double circuit and inspiratory oxygen fraction control. Overall, the oro-nasal mask was the most frequently used interface, irrespective of clinical scenarios. The use of NIV in Europe is generally relatively high, especially among pulmonologists and in AHRF. Dedicated NIV ventilators and ICU ventilators with NIV modules are preferably in AHRF and in de novo hypoxic respiratory failure, respectively, together with oro-nasal masks.