Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Noradrenaline Effects on Social Behaviour, Intergroup Relations, and Moral Decisions

Recent research has begun to elucidate the neural basis of higher order social concepts, such as the mechanisms involved in intergroup relations, and moral judgments. Most theories have concentrated on higher order emotions, such as guilt, shame, or empathy, as core mechanisms. Accordingly, psy-chopharmacological and neurobiological studies have investigated the effects of manipulating serotonin or oxytocin activity on moral and social decisions and attitudes. However, recently it has been determined that changes in more basic emotions, such as fear and anger, might also have a significant role in social and moral cognition. This article summarizes psychopharmacological and fMRI research on the role of noradrenaline in higher order social cognition suggesting that indeed noradrenergic mediated affective changes might play key – and probably causal – role in certain social attitudes and moral judgments. Social judgments may also be directly influenced by numerous neurotransmitter manipulations but these effects could be mediated by modulation of basic emotions which appear to play an essential role in the formation of social concepts and moral behaviour.
Sequential decision problems, dependent types and generic solutions

We present a computer-checked generic implementation for solving finite-horizon sequential decision problems. This is a wide class of problems, including inter-temporal optimizations, knapsack, optimal bracketing, scheduling, etc. The implementation can handle time-step dependent control and state spaces, and monadic representations of uncertainty (such as stochastic, non-deterministic, fuzzy, or combinations thereof). This level of genericity is achievable in a programming language with dependent types (we have used both Idris and Agda). Dependent types are also the means that allow us to obtain a formalization and computer-checked proof of the central component of our implementation: Bellman's principle of optimality and the associated backwards induction algorithm. The formalization clarifies certain aspects of backwards induction and, by making explicit notions such as viability and reachability, can serve as a starting point for a theory of controllability of monadic dynamical systems, commonly encountered in, e.g., climate impact research.
A feedback-driven IoT microfluidic, electrophysiology, and imaging platform for brain organoid studies

The analysis of tissue cultures, particularly brain organoids, takes a high degree of coordination, measurement, and monitoring. We have developed an automated research platform enabling independent devices to achieve collaborative objectives for feedback-driven cell culture studies. Unified by an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, our approach enables continuous, communicative interactions among various sensing and actuation devices, achieving precisely timed control of in vitro biological experiments. The framework integrates microfluidics, electrophysiology, and imaging devices to maintain cerebral cortex organoids and monitor their neuronal activity. The organoids are cultured in custom, 3D-printed chambers attached to commercial microelectrode arrays for electrophysiology monitoring. Periodic feeding is achieved using programmable microfluidic pumps. We developed computer vision fluid volume estimations of aspirated media, achieving high accuracy, and used feedback to rectify deviations in microfluidic perfusion during media feeding/aspiration cycles. We validated the system with a 7-day study of mouse cerebral cortex organoids, comparing manual and automated protocols. The automated experimental samples maintained robust neural activity throughout the experiment, comparable with the control samples. The automated system enabled hourly electrophysiology recordings that revealed dramatic temporal changes in neuron firing rates not observed in once-a-day recordings. One-Sentence Summary An IoT laboratory robotics system that enables touch-free feeding, imaging, and electrophysiology of brain organoids.
Feature Selection Method for Estimating Systolic Blood Pressure Using the Taguchi Method

This paper proposes a method for selecting photoplethysmogram features for estimating systolic blood pressure (SBP), which uses the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained from the Taguchi method. Cuffless estimation of blood pressure using just one photoplethysmograph was carried out based on the photoplethysmogram features. However, these features are highly vulnerable to noise generated by sources such as individual variability, resulting from factors such as age and gender. Therefore, features need to be robust against such noise for accurate estimation of blood pressure. In this study, we used an orthogonal array and the SNR from the Taguchi method for selecting features of multiple regression analysis that are robust against noise. We estimated SBP from two datasets by applying the proposed feature selection method to multiple regression analysis. The obtained results show that the correlation coefficients between the actual measurement values and the estimated values were 0.88 and 0.87 for datasets 1 and 2, which are higher than those of similar methods used for comparison purposes. This confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method in estimating SBP.
Identification of novel cryptic translocations involving IGH in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH) at 14q32 are observed in approximately 50% of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The 5' end of the IGH gene is located within 8 kb of the telomeric repeats of 14q. Translocations involving the IGH locus and the telomeric band of a partner chromosome are difficult to identify, because most terminal bands of human chromosomes appear pale by conventional G-banding techniques. To determine whether there are cryptic translocations involving the IGH locus, we used dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of 5' and 3' IGH genomic clones containing the variable sequences, or the J(H) and the 5' constant regions, respectively. We examined cells from 51 patients with B-cell NHL who had a normal karyotype (3 patients), clonal abnormalities not involving 14q32 (35 patients), or alterations of 14q32 other than recurring translocations, i.e., add(14)(q32) (13 patients). FISH detected 17 IGH translocations in 16 of 51 (31%) cases. Of the 13 cases with add(14)(q32), FISH identified the partner chromosome in 9 cases (69%; 3q27, 6 cases; 2p13, 19p13.3, and 18q21.3, 1 case each). Six of thirty-eight (16%) patients without visible alterations of 14q32 and 2 of 13 (15%) patients with an abnormality of one chromosome 14 had masked (5 patients) or cryptic IGH translocations (3 patients), involving 3q27 (3 patients), 5p15.3 (2 patients), 19p13.3 (3 patients), or 14q32 (1 patient; 1 patient had two rearrangements). We identified two novel, recurring, cryptic translocations: t(5;14)(p15.3;q32) (2 patients) and t(14;19)(q32;p13.3) (3 patients). In summary, FISH permitted the detection of cryptic or masked IGH rearrangements in approximately 20% of lymphoma cases without visible rearrangements of 14q32 analyzed retrospectively.
P-Glycoprotein/MDR1 Regulates Pokemon Gene Transcription Through p53 Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells

P-glycoprotein (Pgp), encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene, is an efflux transporter and plays an important role in pharmacokinetics. In this study, we demonstrated that the pokemon promoter activity, the pokemon mRNA and protein expression can be significantly inhibited by Pgp. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that Pgp can bind the pokemon prompter to repress pokemon transcription activity. Furthermore, Pgp regulated pokemon transcription activity through expression of p53 as seen by use of p53 siRNA transfected MCF-7 cells or p53 mutated MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, p53 was detected to bind with Pgp in vivo using immunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, we conclude that Pgp can regulate the expression of pokemon through the presence of p53, suggesting that Pgp is a potent regulator and may offer an effective novel target for cancer therapy.
Storm Events Restructured Bacterial Community and Their Biogeochemical Potentials

Large rainstorms deliver significant amounts of upland materials to headwater streams, thereby introducing the particle‐associated microorganisms from complex soil environments into stream networks. “Seeding and mixing” from terrestrial sources may generate “new” in‐stream microbial consortia and facilitate nutrient transformations and export to receiving waters. In order to investigate how large storm events influence the microbial community, bacterial community structure from White Clay Creek (Chester Co., PA, USA) was characterized following the Hurricane Irene and the Tropical Storm Lee. High‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes was used to track changes of bacterial community before, during, and after the events. Detailed bacterial community structures based on analyses of 3,004,072 sequences indicated an increase of bacterial diversity during peak discharge of the storm. Significant successional changes of bacterial community structure during the events were observed: Betaproteobacteria decreased in relative abundance, while members of Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia increased with the discharge suggesting potential impacts from terrestrial inputs and re‐suspended sediments. Cyanobacteria bloomed after the storm events, indicating that photosynthesis was one of the primary recovering processes. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) analyses on functional genes (amoA for nitrification and nirS/nirK for denitrification) suggested that storm events also changed the functional perspectives of the microbial communities, with the potential for alteration of subsequent biogeochemical transformations. Thus, large storm events inoculate microbes from terrestrial and streambeds to headwaters, and downslope dispersal (“mass‐effect”) and “species‐sorting” likely restructure the microbial community as well as potential nutrient cycling.
Evaluation of a Rapid Anisotropic Model for ECG Simulation

State-of-the-art cardiac electrophysiology models that are able to deliver physiologically motivated activation maps and electrocardiograms (ECGs) can only be solved on high-performance computing architectures. This makes it nearly impossible to adopt such models in clinical practice. ECG imaging tools typically rely on simplified models, but these neglect the anisotropic electric conductivity of the tissue in the forward problem. Moreover, their results are often confined to the heart-torso interface. We propose a forward model that fully accounts for the anisotropic tissue conductivity and produces the standard 12-lead ECG in a few seconds. The activation sequence is approximated with an eikonal model in the 3d myocardium, while the ECG is computed with the lead-field approach. Both solvers were implemented on graphics processing units and massively parallelized. We studied the numerical convergence and scalability of the approach. We also compared the method to the bidomain model in terms of ECGs and activation maps, using a simplified but physiologically motivated geometry and 6 patient-specific anatomies. The proposed methods provided a good approximation of activation maps and ECGs computed with a bidomain model, in only a few seconds. Both solvers scaled very well to high-end hardware. These methods are suitable for use in ECG imaging methods, and may soon become fast enough for use in interactive simulation tools.
Joint Bayesian Morphology Learning for Dravidian Languages

In this paper a methodology for learning the complex agglutinative morphology of some Indian languages using Adaptor Grammars and morphology rules is presented. Adaptor grammars are a compositional Bayesian framework for grammatical inference, where we define a morphological grammar for agglutinative languages and morphological boundaries are inferred from a plain text corpus. Once morphological segmentations are produce, regular expressions for sandhi rules and or-thography are applied to achieve the final segmentation. We test our algorithm in the case of two complex languages from the Dravidian family. The same morphological model and results are evaluated comparing to other state-of-the art unsupervised morphology learning systems.
A hierarchical structure features analysis technique to reduce registration noise for change detection on VHR images

This paper presents a hierarchical structure feature analysis technique, which is robust to registration noise for change detection in multi-temporal very high spatial resolution (VHR) remote sensing images. To suppress the registration noise in “difference images”, the proposed technique extracts the structural features of the same local area from multi-temporal images and then analyzes the similarity of these features. Specifically, this method consist two steps: first, the structural features is employed to obtain gross suppression of registration noise, so that the noise from the regions that have high similarity is eliminated; second, the remained noise is further suppressed using the local features with more spatial details. Experimental results obtained from multi-temporal remote sensing images demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Tropical deforestation alters hummingbird movement patterns

Reduced pollination success, as a function of habitat loss and fragmentation, appears to be a global phenomenon. Disruption of pollinator movement is one hypothesis put forward to explain this pattern in pollen limitation. However, the small size of pollinators makes them very difficult to track; thus, knowledge of their movements is largely speculative. Using tiny radio transmitters (0.25 g), we translocated a generalist tropical ‘trap-lining’ hummingbird, the green hermit (Phaethornis guy), across agricultural and forested landscapes to test the hypothesis that movement is influenced by patterns of deforestation. Although, we found no difference in homing times between landscape types, return paths were on average 459±144 m (±s.e.) more direct in forested than agricultural landscapes. In addition, movement paths in agricultural landscapes contained 36±4 per cent more forest than the most direct route. Our findings suggest that this species can circumvent agricultural matrix to move among forest patches. Nevertheless, it is clear that movement of even a highly mobile species is strongly influenced by landscape disturbance. Maintaining landscape connectivity with forest corridors may be important for enhancing movement, and thus in facilitating pollen transfer.
Envelope Filtering Method for the SEMG Continuous Action

In allusion to the defects of surface electromyography signals (SEMG) extraction currently caused by serious (electromyography signals) EMG distortion when we put the severe force to the SEMG extraction, this paper presents a envelope filtering method based on the shape of the SEMG contour curve and processes a frequency analysis to it. This method can not be influenced by the muscle contraction force and can restrain the distraction of power frequency electric and its overtone, then extracts the EMG effectively as well as decides the status of contraction and relaxation force of the corresponding muscles and the contraction force of the muscles by the variation trend of the EMG envelope curve, this method lay the root for the real-time processing of the follow-up EMG and the control of the artificial hand because of its simple algorithm and fast operation.
LIVENet: A novel network for real-world low-light image denoising and enhancement

Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) is the process of improving the quality of images taken in low-light conditions while striking a balance between enhancing image illumination and maintaining their natural appearance. This involves reducing noise, enhancing details, and correcting colors, all while avoiding artifacts such as halo effects or color distortions. We propose LIVENet, a novel deep neural network that jointly performs noise reduction on low-light images and enhances illumination and texture details. LIVENet has two stages: the image enhancement stage and the reﬁnement stage. For the image enhancement stage, we propose a Latent Subspace Denoising Block (LSDB) that uses a low-rank representation of low-light features to suppress the noise and predict a noise-free grayscale image. We propose enhancing an RGB image by eliminating noise. This is done by converting it into YCbCr color space and replacing the noisy luminance (Y) channel with the predicted noise-free grayscale image. LIVENet also predicts the transmission map and atmospheric light in the image enhancement stage. LIVENet produces an enhanced image with rich color and illumination by feeding them to an atmospheric scattering model. In the reﬁne-ment stage, the texture information from the grayscale image is incorporated into the improved image using a Spatial Feature Transform (SFT) layer. Experiments on different datasets demonstrate that LIVENet’s enhanced images consistently outperform previous techniques across various quality metrics. The source code can be obtained from
Hiding the squid: patterns in artificial cephalopod skin

Cephalopods employ their chromomorphic skins for rapid and versatile active camouflage and signalling effects. This is achieved using dense networks of pigmented, muscle-driven chromatophore cells which are neurally stimulated to actuate and affect local skin colouring. This allows cephalopods to adopt numerous dynamic and complex skin patterns, most commonly used to blend into the environment or to communicate with other animals. Our ultimate goal is to create an artificial skin that can mimic such pattern generation techniques, and that could produce a host of novel and compliant devices such as cloaking suits and dynamic illuminated clothing. This paper presents the design, mathematical modelling and analysis of a dynamic biomimetic pattern generation system using bioinspired artificial chromatophores. The artificial skin is made from electroactive dielectric elastomer: a soft, planar-actuating smart material that we show can be effective at mimicking the actuation of biological chromatophores. The proposed system achieves dynamic pattern generation by imposing simple local rules into the artificial chromatophore cells so that they can sense their surroundings in order to manipulate their actuation. By modelling sets of artificial chromatophores in linear arrays of cells, we explore the capability of the system to generate a variety of dynamic pattern types. We show that it is possible to mimic patterning seen in cephalopods, such as the passing cloud display, and other complex dynamic patterning.
University of Birmingham Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low-and middle-income countries

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80 e 100%) vs low (21 e 35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO 2 , published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO 2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO 2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO 2 leading to a (cid:1) $6 (95% conﬁdence interval [CI]: (cid:1) $13 to (cid:1) $1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO 2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO 2 leading to a (cid:1) $11 (95% CI: (cid:1) $15 to (cid:1) $6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO 2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO 2 leading to a (cid:1) $93 (95% CI: (cid:1) $132 to (cid:1) $65) difference in costs. The high FiO 2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO 2, leading to a (cid:1) 1.05 (95% CI: (cid:1) 1.14 to (cid:1) 0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO 2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to conﬁrm this.
RBF modeling of Incipient Motion of Plane Sand Bed Channels

(cid:3) Abstract — To define or predict incipient motion in an alluvial channel, most of the investigators use a standard or modified form of Shields’ diagram. Shields’ diagram does give a process to determine the incipient motion parameters but an iterative one. To design properly (without iteration), one should have another equation for resistance. Absence of a universal resistance equation also magnifies the difficulties in defining the model. Neural network technique, which is particularly useful in modeling a complex processes, is presented as a tool complimentary to modeling incipient motion. Present work develops a neural network model employing the RBF network to predict the average velocity u and water depth y based on the experimental data on incipient condition. Based on the model, design curves have been presented for the field application.
Everyone for Themselves? A Qualitative Study about Individual Security Setups of Open Source Software Contributors

—To increase open-source software supply chain security, protecting the development environment of contributors against attacks is crucial. For example, contributors must protect authentication credentials for software repositories, code-signing keys, and their systems from malware. Previous incidents illustrated that open-source contributors struggle with protecting their development environment. In contrast to companies, open-source software projects cannot easily enforce security guidelines for development environments. Instead, contributors’ security setups are likely heterogeneous regarding chosen technologies and strategies. To the best of our knowledge, we perform the ﬁrst in-depth qualitative investigation of the security of open-source software contributors’ individual security setups, their motivation, decision-making, and sentiments, and the potential impact on open-source software supply chain security. Therefore, we conduct 20 semi-structured interviews with a diverse set of experienced contributors to critical open-source software projects. Overall, we ﬁnd that contributors have a generally high afﬁnity for security. However, security practices are rarely discussed in the community or enforced by projects. Furthermore, we see a strong inﬂuence of social mechanisms, such as trust, respect, or politeness, further impeding the sharing of security knowledge and best practices. We conclude our work with a discussion of the impact of our ﬁndings on open-source software and supply chain security, and make recommendations for the open-source software community.