Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Debris Propagation due to a Space Vehicle Breakup at High Altitudes

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the estimation of the extent of the airspace containing falling debris due to a space vehicle breakup. A precise computation of propagation of debris to the ground is not practical for many reasons. There is insu cient knowledge of the initial state vector, ambient wind conditions and the key parameters including the ballistic coe cients. In addition, propagation of all debris pieces to the ground would require extensive computer time. In this thesis, a covariance propagation method is introduced for the estimation of debris propagation due to a space vehicle breakup. The falling debris is simulated, and the data are analyzed to derive the probability of debris evolution in di erent altitude layers over time. The concept of positional probability ellipsoids is employed for the visualization of the results. Through a case study, it is shown that while the results of the covariance propagation method are in close agreement with those of the Monte Carlo method, the covariance propagation method is much more computationally e cient than the Monte Carlo method.
The Lothian Diary Project: Investigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Edinburgh and Lothian Residents

The ongoing Lothian Diary Project consists of 125+ audio/video recordings collected since May 2020 from residents of Edinburgh and the Lothian counties in Scotland. The diaries comprise self-recorded monologues or semi-structured interviews in which participants discuss their experiences during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recordings were uploaded to an online survey that also collected consent, demographic information, and opinion regarding Covid-related policies. All data marked for reuse are and will be housed in the University of Edinburgh’s DataShare and DataVault repositories. A partial deposit is available now and another will be made available upon completion of data collection. Data from consenting participants will form an oral history archive with Museums and Galleries, Edinburgh.
The O/OREOS Mission – Astrobiology in Low Earth Orbit

The O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) nanosatellite is the first science demonstration spacecraft and flight mission of the NASA Astrobiology Small-Payloads Program (ASP). O/OREOS was launched successfully on November 19, 2010, to a high-inclination (72°), 650-km Earth orbit aboard a US Air Force Minotaur IV rocket from Kodiak, Alaska. O/OREOS consists of 3 conjoined cubesat (each 1000 cm 3 ) modules: (i) a control bus, (ii) the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, and (iii) the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment. Among the innovative aspects of the O/OREOS mission are a real-time analysis of the photostability of organics and biomarkers and the collection of data on the survival and metabolic activity for micro-organisms at 3 times during the 6-month mission. We will report on the spacecraft characteristics, payload capabilities and first operational phase of the O/OREOS mission. The science and technology rationale of O/OREOS supports NASA’s scientific exploration program by investigating the local space environment as well as space biology relevant to Moon and Mars missions. It also serves as precursor for experiments on small satellites, the International Space Station (ISS), future free-flyers and lunar surface exposure facilities.
The effect of operational and environmental parameters on the acid-phase anaerobic digestion of primary sludge

This research explored the effect of certain operational and environmental parameters on the acid-phase anaerobic digestion of primary municipal sludge. The operational parameters included the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the solids retention time (SRT), while pH, reactor configuration and influent characteristics were the environmental factors of interest. Moreover, an attempt was made to identify the most significant metabolic pathways involved in the conversion of the major components of primary sludge (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) to shortchain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and other soluble end-products. The experiments were conducted using two continuous-flow three-liter reactors having different configurations: a completely mixed reactor (CMR) with a clarifier and sludge recycle, and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Both systems were run at an ambient liquid temperature between 18 and 22 °C. The research program evolved into the following four stages: In Stage 1 the role of HRT was investigated, while Stage 2 focused on the effect of SRT. The issues of replication and the source of influent sludge were the targets in Stage 3. Finally, in Stage 4 the effect of pH was explored. During the last stage, dilute solutions (0.02N) of HC1 or NaOH were continuously added through an automated pump system to keep the pH at selected values. Favorable conditions for acidogenic digestion were established and maintained resulting, generally, in high VFA and low gas generation rates. The net VFA concentration and the specific production rate increased, in both reactors, with an
In situ U-Pb Dating and Sr-Nd Isotopic Analysis of Perovskite: Constraints on the Age and Petrogenesis of the Kuruman Kimberlite Province, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa

The Kuruman Kimberlite Province contains the oldest known kimberlites in the Kaapvaal Craton ( 1·6^1·8 Ga), but only limited geochronological and isotopic data exist for this province.To provide better constraints on the sources of the kimberlite magmas and the timing of magmatism, we have carried out in situ U^Pb dating and Sr^Nd isotopic analysis of groundmass perovskite from four of the Kuruman kimberlites (Bathlaros, Elston, Helpmekaar and Zero). We also have measured the Sr-isotope composition of groundmass apatite and carbonate in several of the kimberlites, for comparison with published whole-rock isotopic data. Attempts to date perovskite using in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were hindered by extensive Pb loss, even in apparently unaltered grains, yielding anomalously young emplacement ages. The assumption of a Mesoproterozoic common-Pb component allows the extraction of intercept ages from the least altered grains (Bathlaros, 1640 13 Ma; Elston, 1663 49 Ma; Helpmekaar, 1638 Ma; Zero, 1845 45 Ma). The smaller sampling volume of secondary ion mass spectrometry and the ability to measure Pb, thus allowing more precise common-Pb corrections, produces concordant ages.These reveal that kimberlite intrusion occurred over a time span of 200 Myr (Bathlaros, 1647 27 Ma; Zero, 1835 25 Ma), with emplacement ages younging to the east.The results of this study suggest that alteration may disrupt the U^Pb system in perovskite. In situ Sr and Nd isotope analyses [LA-multi-collector (MC)-ICP-MS] of perovskite show a moderate range in values (Sr/ Sr(i)1⁄4 0·70383^0·70507; eNd(i)1⁄4 ^2·7 to 1·5), but similar mean values among the four kimberlites (Sr/ Sr(i)1⁄4 0·70396^0·70425; eNd(i)1⁄4 ^0·8 to 0·8). The Nd-isotope compositions of perovskite are similar to those of whole-rock samples of the host kimberlite (eNd(i)1⁄4 1·0 to 3·0), whereas Sr in perovskite and apatite (Sr/ Sr(i)1⁄4 0·70424^0·70427) is more radiogenic than the whole-rock values (Sr/ Sr(i)1⁄4 0·70293^0·70382). However, groundmass carbonates generally yield lower values (Sr/ Sr(i)1⁄4 0·70348^0·70405), closer to those of the kimberlite samples, indicating that the whole-rock Sr isotope compositions are largely controlled by carbonates, probably assimilated from the immediate country rocks. The isotopic data suggest that the Kuruman kimberlite magmas were initially derived from a deeper sub-lithospheric source region, but their distinctive compositional characteristics were imposed through assimilation, first of metasomatized sub-continental lithospheric mantle and later of crustal material, during magma ascent.
An overview of the SCOUT-AMMA stratospheric aircraft, balloons and sondes campaign in West Africa, August 2006: rationale, roadmap and highlights

A multi-platform field measurement campaign involving aircraft and balloons took place over West Africa between 26 July and 25 August 2006, in the frame of the concomitant AMMA Special Observing Period and SCOUT-O3 African tropical activities. Specifically aiming at sampling the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, 5 the high-altitude research aircraft M55 Geophysica was deployed in Ouagadougou (12.3◦N, 1.7◦W), Burkina Faso, in conjunction with the German D-20 Falcon, while a series of stratospheric balloon and sonde flights were conducted from Niamey (13.5◦N, 2.0◦ E), Niger. The stratospheric aircraft and balloon flights intended to gather experimental evi10 dence for a better understanding of large scale transport, assessing the effect of lightning on NOx production, and studying the impact of intense mesoscale convective systems on water, aerosol, dust and chemical species in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The M55 Geophysica carried out five local and four transfer flights between southern Europe and the Sahel and back, while eight stratospheric balloons 15 and twenty-nine sondes were flown from Niamey. These experiments allowed a characterization of the tropopause and lower stratosphere of the region. We provide here an overview of the campaign activities together with a description of the general meteorological situation during the flights and a summary of the observations accomplished. 20
Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease*

Paget's disease, described by Sir James Paget in 1874, is classified as mammary and extramammary. The mammary type is rare and often associated with intraductal cancer (93-100% of cases). It is more prevalent in postmenopausal women and it appears as an eczematoid, erythematous, moist or crusted lesion, with or without fine scaling, infiltration and inversion of the nipple. It must be distinguished from erosive adenomatosis of the nipple, cutaneous extension of breast carcinoma, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, chronic eczema, lactiferous ducts ectasia, Bowen's disease, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma and intraductal papilloma. Diagnosis is histological and prognosis and treatment depend on the type of underlying breast cancer. Extramammary Paget's disease is considered an adenocarcinoma originating from the skin or skin appendages in areas with apocrine glands. The primary location is the vulvar area, followed by the perianal region, scrotum, penis and axillae. It starts as an erythematous plaque of indolent growth, with well-defined edges, fine scaling, excoriations, exulcerations and lichenification. In most cases it is not associated with cancer, although there are publications linking it to tumors of the vulva, vagina, cervix and corpus uteri, bladder, ovary, gallbladder, liver, breast, colon and rectum. Differential diagnoses are candidiasis, psoriasis and chronic lichen simplex. Histopathology confirms the diagnosis. Before treatment begins, associated malignancies should be investigated. Surgical excision and micrographic surgery are the best treatment options, although recurrences are frequent.
Green Preparation of High Yield Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots from Coal-Tar-Pitch by Mild Oxidation

Coal tar pitch (CTP), a by-product of coking industry, has a unique molecule structure comprising an aromatic nucleus and several side chains bonding on this graphene-like nucleus, which is very similar to the structure of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Based on this perception, we develop a facile approach to convert CTP to GQDs only by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide under mild conditions. One to three graphene layers, monodisperse GQDs with a narrow size distribution of 1.7 ± 0.4 nm, are obtained at high yield (more than 80 wt. %) from CTP. The as-produced GQDs are highly soluble and strongly fluorescent in aqueous solution. This simple strategy provides a feasible route towards the commercial synthesis of GQDs for its cheap material source, green reagent, mild condition, and high yield.
Mud Volcanoes, Shale Diapirs, Wrench Faults, and Melanges in Accretionary Complexes, Eastern Indonesia

In Timor, eastern Indonesia, where the northern margin of the Australian continent is colliding with the Banda Arc, Australian continental margin sediments are being incorporated into an imbricate wedge, which passes northward into a foreland fold and thrust belt. Field mapping in Timor has shown that scaly clays, containing irregularly shaped or phacoidal blocks (up to several meters long) and composed of a wide range of lithologies derived from local stratigraphic units, occur in three environments: along wrench faults, as crosscutting shale diapirs, and associated with mud volcanoes. A model is proposed linking these phenomena. Shales become overpressured as a result of overthrusting; this overpressure is released along vertical wrench faults, which cut through the ove thrust units; overpressured shales containing blocks of consolidated units rise along the fault zones as shale diapirs; and escaping water, oil, and gas construct mud volcanoes at the surface. An extensive melange deposit in Timor, the Bobonaro Scaly Clay, has been interpreted by Audley-Charles and subsequent workers as an olistostrome. Our study interprets the Bobonaro Scaly Clay as the product of shale diapirism. Shale diapirs are likely to be generated wherever water-saturated sediments are incorporated into accretionary complexes. Diapirs have not, however, been recorded as occurring in ancient accretionary complexes, although melanges, usually interpreted as olistostromes, are commonly reported. Criteria are proposed by which the products of shale diapirism might be recognized, including: (1) shape of the diapiric body; (2) its relationship to the surrounding rocks; (3) nature of the matrix and of the enclosed blocks; (4) shapes of the blocks and their relationship to he matrix; and (5) effects of deformation. The importance of shale diapirism in the formation of melanges has not been fully appreciated, and the products of shale diapirism constitute a major component of ancient and present-day accretionary complexes.
Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a guided workbook intervention to support work-related goals among cancer survivors in the UK

Objectives Employment following illness is associated with better physical and psychological functioning. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a theoretically led workbook intervention designed to support patients with cancer returning to work. Design Parallel-group randomised controlled trial with embedded qualitative interviews. Setting Oncology clinics within four English National Health Service Trusts. Participants Patients who had received a diagnosis of breast, gynaecological, prostate or colorectal cancer and who had been receiving treatment for a minimum of two weeks. Intervention A self-guided WorkPlan workbook designed to support patients with cancer to return to work with fortnightly telephone support calls to discuss progress. The control group received treatment as usual and was offered the workbook at the end of their 12-month follow-up. Outcome measures We assessed aspects of feasibility including eligibility, recruitment, data collection, attrition, feasibility of the methodology, acceptability of the intervention and potential to calculate cost-effectiveness. Results The recruitment rate of eligible patients was 44%; 68 participants consented and 58 (85%) completed baseline measures. Randomisation procedures were acceptable, data collection methods (including cost-effectiveness data) were feasible and the intervention was acceptable to participants. Retention rates at 6-month and 12-month follow-up were 72% and 69%, respectively. At 6-month follow-up, 30% of the usual care group had returned to full-time or part-time work (including phased return to work) compared with 43% of the intervention group. At 12 months, the percentages were 47% (usual care) and 68% (intervention). Conclusions The findings confirm the feasibility of a definitive trial, although further consideration needs to be given to increasing the participation rates among men and black and ethnic minority patients diagnosed with cancer. Trial registration number ISRCTN56342476; Pre-results.
Dissolved organic carbon quantity and quality in North American rivers and streams

The controls on the quantity and chemical composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater systems are crucial to understanding and managing processes like carbon sequestration, heavy-metal transport, and municipal water sanitization. We analyzed DOC quantity and quality for 17 major North American rivers and the temporal variability of DOC quantity and quality in several thousand small basins. Among large basins, we found positive correlation between wetland-cover and both DOC concentration (R2=0.78; p<0.0001) and specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254nm (SUVA254; R2=0.91; p<0.0001). We found that the role of river networks in altering the annual DOC signal minimal except in systems with long residence times. Among small basins, we found characteristics like runoff, stormflow, and vegetation indices useful in predicting the temporal variability of DOC concentration. Further work should clarify where individual characteristics drive DOC variability and more rigorously define the role of processing in large rivers.
V. Yeast sequencing reports. Identification of a gene encoding a new Ypt/Rab‐like monomeric G‐protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae sequence cloned by serendipity was found to encode a protein that is a new member of the Ypt/Rab monomeric G‐protein family. This sequence shows high homology to the yeast genes SEC4 and YPT1 and, like SEC4 and YPT1, is essential for viability. The sequence was localized to chromosome V based upon hybridization to pulse‐field gel‐separated yeast chromosomes. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank data library under Accession Number L17070.
I. Yeast sequencing reports. Isolation and characterization of the LEU2 gene of Hansenula polymorpha

A DNA fragment carrying the LEU2 gene of methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha was isolated by complementation of the leuB mutation of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the isolated DNA fragment contains an open reading frame of 363 codons, coding for a protein 80% identical to the LEU2 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further downstream, there is a partial reading frame with no obvious similarity to known proteins. The LEU2 gene of H. polymorpha cannot complement the leu2 mutation of S. cerevisiae. The sequence has been entered in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number U00889.
Statistical Analysis Plan

Research Question and Objectives This study was a non-confirmatory study to compare, in adalimumab (HUMIRA®) treated patients with axial spondyloarthritis, an active supervised and standardized training with standard of care physiotherapy in improving health-related outcomes. The primary objective was the improvement in spinal mobility after a 6-month training program. Further objectives were the improvement in physical function, health-related quality of life, disease activity, pain, psychosocial risk factors and workability.
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS OxCarre Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies

A windfall of natural resource revenue (or foreign aid) faces government with choices of how to manage public debt, investment, and the distribution of funds for consumption, particularly if the windfall is both anticipated and temporary. We show that the permanent income hypothesis prescription of an ever-lasting increase in consumption financed by borrowing ahead of the windfall and then accumulating a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) is not optimal for capital-scarce developing economies. Such countries should accumulate public and private capital to accelerate their development and, only if the windfall is large relative to initial foreign debt, is it optimal to build a SWF. The optimal time profile of consumption is biased towards the near future, as compared to the permanent income hypothesis. Outcomes depend on instruments available to government. We study cases where the government can make lump-sum transfers to consumers; where such transfers are impossible so optimal policy involves cutting distortionary taxation in order to raise investment and wages; and where Ricardian consumers can borrow against future revenues, in which case the policy response to possible over-consumption is a high level of investment in infrastructure.
LONG-TERM WATER QUALITY TRENDS IN A PARTLY FLOODED UNDERGROUND COAL MINE

Water quality trends for an 8 year period were analyzed for two acidic springs draining from a partially flooded underground coal mine, and the composite mine-pool outflow of 10 discharges. Time series analysis was used to separate long-term data trends from short-term noise. Short-term variation usually constituted less than 30 percent of the trend concentration. Exponential functions were fitted to the trend data, and time estimates (t50C) for concentration to decline 50% were generated for Total Acidity, Fe, Al, SO4, Co, Ni, and Zn concentrations. Iron decline is similar at two springs with an estimated t50C of 60 months. Sulfate t50C is about 60 to 70 months at one spring and for the aggregate mine-pool. Cobalt, Ni and Zn declines are more rapid, with estimated t50C of about 30 to 50 months. Aluminum decline is 2 to 3 times slower than rates for other parameters, and mine-waters are near apparent equilibrium for the mineral jurbanite, Al(SO4)OH*5H2O. Constituent fluxes are controlled mostly by flow, and decline with time. Estimated time (t50F) for flux to decline 50% for the composite mine-pool outflow is about 85 months for Fe, 80 months for SO4 and 105 months for acid flux. Fluxes are 1.5 to 3 times greater in spring than fall, and reflect seasonal distribution of precipitation and recharge to the mine. Most of the improvement in mine-pool discharge results from declining pollutant concentrations. These trends suggest a slow decline in pyrite oxidation, with significant water quality improvement occurring on the order of years to decades.
Application of FACTS Devices for ATC Enhancement in Competitive Power Market

With the recent trends towards deregulating power systems around the world, transfer capability computation emerges as the key issue to a smoothly running power market with multiple transactions. In deregulated power systems, Available Transfer Capability analysis is presently a critical issue. This paper presents the calculation of ATC using DC and AC distribution factors. Flexible AC transmission system devices can be alternative to reduce the flows in heavily loaded lines, resulting in an increased transfer capability, low system loss, improved stability of the network and reduced cost of production by controlling the power flows in the network. Two types of FACTS are used in this study namely Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor( and Unified Power Flow Controller for enhancing the available transfer capability of the interconnected power system. The ATC is computed for different transactions of IEEE 24-bus (single area) system. Index Terms Available Transfer Capability, electricity market, flexible ac transmission systems, TCSC, UPFC.