Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient-controlled extradural analgesia to compare bupivacaine, fentanyl and bupivacaine with fentanyl in the treatment of postoperative pain.

We have assessed the effect of combining extradural bupivacaine and fentanyl in 60 orthopaedic patients who received 0.125% bupivacaine (bupivacaine group), fentanyl 5 micrograms ml-1 (fentanyl group), or 0.125% bupivacaine combined with fentanyl 5 micrograms ml-1 (combined group), delivered by patient-controlled extradural analgesia for 24 h via a lumbar extradural catheter. Adding bupivacaine to fentanyl reduced mean (SD) fentanyl administration from 117 (46) ml to 89 (42) ml (P < 0.005). Adding fentanyl to bupivacaine reduced mean bupivacaine administration from 113 (46) ml to 89 (42) ml (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in pain, nausea, motor block, pruritus or sedation. No patient had a ventilatory frequency less than 10 b.p.m. Hypotension (systolic AP < 100 mm Hg) occurred in two of 20 patients in the fentanyl group, compared with eight of 19 in the bupivacaine group and 10 of 21 in the combined group. The mean total volume of extradural solution administered was greater after knee replacement (126 (46) ml) than after hip replacement (84 (35) ml) (P < 0.001). The mean pain score was greater also for knee replacement (16 (10) mm) than for hip replacement (10 (9) mm) (P < 0.05). We conclude that extradural bupivacaine and fentanyl were additive in their analgesic actions, resulting in decreased requirements of each individual agent. Knee replacement was found also to be more painful than hip replacement after operation.
Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific

El Niño shifted between the center and the East El Niño has changed quite a bit over the past 10,000 years. During some periods it was less variable than now, and during others it shifted from its current locale toward the central Pacific. Carré et al. analyzed the shells of mollusks from Peru to construct a record of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the eastern Pacific over the Holocene period. They compared this record with other records from the rest of the Pacific to reveal how much the strength and frequency of El Niños changed and how their positions varied. Science, this issue p. 1045 El Niño–Southern Oscillation warming of the sea surface was strongly skewed toward the central Pacific in the Mid-Holocene. Understanding the response of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to global warming requires quantitative data on ENSO under different climate regimes. Here, we present a reconstruction of ENSO in the eastern tropical Pacific spanning the past 10,000 years derived from oxygen isotopes in fossil mollusk shells from Peru. We found that ENSO variance was close to the modern level in the early Holocene and severely damped ~4000 to 5000 years ago. In addition, ENSO variability was skewed toward cold events along coastal Peru 6700 to 7500 years ago owing to a shift of warm anomalies toward the Central Pacific. The modern ENSO regime was established ~3000 to 4500 years ago. We conclude that ENSO was sensitive to changes in climate boundary conditions during the Holocene, including but not limited to insolation.
Pay attention! A review of visual attentional expertise in sport

The objective of this paper is to review current literature on visual attentional processes in the area of sport expertise. Based on recent findings in neuroscience, attention can be divided into four distinct sub-processes, all of which differ across individuals to varying extents: orienting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and sustained attention. These four sub-processes serve as a heuristic tool to categorize the presented studies. Then, a critical assessment of the merits and limitations of the discussed studies is provided. Following that, conceptual and methodological issues in the field of attention and sport will be discussed. Finally, new potential directions for further research in the field of attention processes and expertise will be presented with a link to other research topics (e.g., motivation, creativity) and disciplines (e.g., developmental psychology). The overall aim is to show that human movement science can use important insights from other branches of the discipline (e.g., social psychology) in order to test and optimize sports training programs. At the same time, though, it is hoped that the use of ecological and complex settings will, in future, enable further development of theoretical models from other disciplines, like general, or developmental psychology.
Statistical Learning in Specific Language Impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Impairments in statistical learning might be a common deficit among individuals with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using meta-analysis, we examined statistical learning in SLI (14 studies, 15 comparisons) and ASD (13 studies, 20 comparisons) to evaluate this hypothesis. Effect sizes were examined as a function of diagnosis across multiple statistical learning tasks (Serial Reaction Time, Contextual Cueing, Artificial Grammar Learning, Speech Stream, Observational Learning, and Probabilistic Classification). Individuals with SLI showed deficits in statistical learning relative to age-matched controls. In contrast, statistical learning was intact in individuals with ASD relative to controls. Effect sizes did not vary as a function of task modality or participant age. Our findings inform debates about overlapping social-communicative difficulties in children with SLI and ASD by suggesting distinct underlying mechanisms. In line with the procedural deficit hypothesis (Ullman and Pierpont, 2005), impaired statistical learning may account for phonological and syntactic difficulties associated with SLI. In contrast, impaired statistical learning fails to account for the social-pragmatic difficulties associated with ASD.
Estimation of Human Cloth Topological Relationship using Depth Sensor for Robotic Clothing Assistance

In this study we consider the problem of estimating Human-Cloth topological relationship using a depth sensor and its application to robotic clothing assistance. In the past, reinforcement learning with low dimensional topological representations has been used to learn the necessary motor skills to perform clothing. In this framework, motion capture system was used to observe the Human-Cloth relationship. There were problems faced with the use of motion capture system: 1) Elaborate and expensive setup of the system 2) Occlusion of optical markers by other objects in the environment 3) Observation of non existent markers due to unwanted reflections. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a framework to observe the Human-Cloth topological relationship using a depth sensor. We demonstrate that the depth sensor can provide reliable estimates of topology coordinates and can replace the complex and expensive setup of motion capture system.
‘Health in all Placements’ as a Curriculum Strategy in Social Work Education

The convergence of health and social perspectives that aim to improve the quality of life of individuals, groups and communities through advancing the social determinants of health provides an important context for social work education. The adaptation of global initiatives such as Health in All Policies (HiAP) to a `health in all placements' approach in social work education is suggested as a curriculum initiative to support learning about health inequalities and enable students to locate their practice in the social, political, environmental and economic context of health and wellbeing. The integration of this approach with principles of social justice, social inclusion and the theoretical framework of transformative learning in field education is also discussed. It is argued that the approach supports the inclusion of global and local perspectives in social work curricula and pedagogical imperatives in higher education.
The Missing Link in EU Democracy? Why a Transnational Public Sphere Matters

The European Union’s perceived democratic deficit has various sources, but it is to a large extent the outcome of unresolved disputes about the locus of democratic rule in EU decision making. As decision making moves to supranational (and transnational) arenas, intergovernmentalists maintain that democratic legitimacy, and therefore also democratic procedures, should remain rooted in the nation state. Without settling normative questions as to whether a reconstitution of democracy beyond the nation state is desirable, answers to questions about the democratic quality of EU decision making will remain conceptually blurry and thus inconclusive. While these issues blur paths to a democratic reform of the EU’s institutional architecture, they also impair the prospect for a fundamental infrastructural requirement for European-level democracy, namely a lively European public sphere that can serve as a counterweight to institutional decision making at the EU level. The literature on the European public sphere suggests that a European public sphere can be conceptualized as a transnational communicative network in the existing national mass media. Drawing on empirical material from debates on EU constitution making in Swedish and German daily newspapers, this article not only shows that newspapers already play an active role in framing EU politics, but furthermore suggests that deliberation on EU politics already follows transnational patterns. While deliberation is seen by some to hinge on the prior existence of normatively integrated communities, our analysis suggests that transnational communities with a preference for intergovernmental and supranational integration, respectively, are already well established.
Group Psychotherapy with Immigrants from Turkey

Group psychotherapy with immigrants from Turkey began in Switzerland at the University Psychiatric Outpatient Department, Basel, 1991. At this time two groups were formed for depressed Turkish patients with psychosomatic symptoms: a women's group in November 1991, and a men's group in January 1992. The need for psychotherapeutic care stemmed from the large number of immigrants in this city who came from Turkey beginning in the late 1960s but particularly in the late 1970s. The authors describe the psychodynamics and psychopathological aspects of the members during the group process, and the impact of the phenomenon of migration on them and on the stages of group psychotherapy.
Social Choice and Individual Values

Originally published in 1951, Social Choice and Individual Values introduced "Arrow's Impossibility Theorem" and founded the field of social choice theory in economics and political science. This new edition, including a new foreword by Nobel laureate Eric Maskin, reintroduces Arrow's seminal book to a new generation of students and researchers. "Far beyond a classic, this small book unleashed the ongoing explosion of interest in social choice and voting theory. A half-century later, the book remains full of profound insight: its central message, 'Arrow's Theorem,' has changed the way we think. "-Donald G. Saari, author of Decisions and Elections: Explaining the Unexpected
Image Segmentation using Global and Local Fuzzy Statistics

In this paper, criterion optimization based image thresholding techniques to perform segmentation using global and local fuzzy statistics are presented. The global and local fuzzy statistics considered for an image are the fuzzy histogram and fuzzy co-occurrence matrix of the image, respectively. A novel way of adapting the membership function, which is required to calculate the fuzzy statistics, to the local nature of the corresponding crisp first-order statistic (histogram) is suggested. The fuzzy statistics of an image obtained using such an adaptive membership function are called adaptive fuzzy statistics. Experimental results of various image segmentation techniques using crisp, fuzzy and the proposed adaptive fuzzy statistics are given. A comparative study demonstrating the usefulness of fuzzy statistics in image segmentation and the effectiveness of adapting the membership function in order to determine the fuzzy statistics is presented
Executive training exercise in sport event leverage

Purpose – Some sport event stakeholders now look beyond “impact” to achieving longer‐term, sustainable outcomes. This move away from an ex post, outcomes orientation towards an ex ante, strategic approach refers to the phenomenon of event leveraging. This paper aims to introduce readers to the concept, and poses practical exercises to challenge current thinking on sport event impacts.Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides an introduction to the literature on the strategic leveraging of sport events and presents three theoretical models depicting various aspects of event leverage. The paper includes training exercises on the subject of sport event leverage along with possible answers.Findings – Building on prior work, this paper proposes a new model for social leverage. The model and the related discussion highlight potential synergies between economic and social leverage.Research limitations/implications – As the proposed model for social leverage is essentially exploratory, it remains empirica.
Impact of Different Surgeons on Dental Implant Failure.

PURPOSE To assess the influence of several factors on the prevalence of dental implant failure, with special consideration of the placement of implants by different dental surgeons. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study is based on 2,670 patients who received 10,096 implants at one specialist clinic. Only the data of patients and implants treated by surgeons who had inserted a minimum of 200 implants at the clinic were included. Kaplan-Meier curves were stratified with respect to the individual surgeon. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to account for the fact that repeated observations (several implants) were placed in a single patient. The factors bone quantity, bone quality, implant location, implant surface, and implant system were analyzed with descriptive statistics separately for each individual surgeon. RESULTS A total of 10 surgeons were eligible. The differences between the survival curves of each individual were statistically significant. The multivariate GEE model showed the following variables to be statistically significant: surgeon, bruxism, intake of antidepressants, location, implant length, and implant system. The surgeon with the highest absolute number of failures was also the one who inserted the most implants in sites of poor bone and used turned implants in most cases, whereas the surgeon with the lowest absolute number of failures used mainly modern implants. Separate survival analyses of turned and modern implants stratified for the individual surgeon showed statistically significant differences in cumulative survival. CONCLUSION Different levels of failure incidence could be observed between the surgeons, occasionally reaching significant levels. Although a direct causal relationship could not be ascertained, the results of the present study suggest that the surgeons' technique, skills, and/or judgment may negatively influence implant survival rates.
Causal networks versus goal hierarchies in summarizing text

The importance of a statement in a story was investigated, contrasting two alternative approaches to story understanding: hierarchical vs. causal. The importance of a statement was operationalized in terms of the statement's being included in a summary. Goal‐statements across versions of a story were varied in their hierarchical level. In addition, the causal‐chain status and the number of direct causal connections for goal and other statements were identified. The effects of these three properties on inclusion of statements in summaries were studied. A goal‐statement's change from a superordi‐nate to a subordinate level decreased its probability of being included in a summary only if this shift was accompanied by a change in its causal role. When the number of causal connections and the causal‐chain status were held constant, the hierarchical level had no effect. When the number of causal connections increased, the likelihood of summarization for both goal and other statements increased. Similarly, causa.
Sharing the Care of Diabetic Patients between Hospital and General Practitioners: Does it Work?

A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare three forms of diabetes follow‐up: (1) general practitioner care, (2) a system of care shared between the general practitioner (GP) and clinic and (3) conventional clinic care. Two hundred and six diabetic patients without significant diabetes‐related or other medical complications were randomized to one of these follow‐up systems. Metabolic control and blood pressure improved significantly and equally in all three groups (p < 0.05). The shared care group performed as well as or better than either of the other two groups in all other outcome measures. In particular, final attendance rates were 72 % for shared care compared with only 35 % for GP care and 53 % for clinic care. Data collection rates for shared care were comparable with the clinic group for random blood glucose (88.9 % vs 95.1 %), weight (93.5 % vs 98.3 %), and blood pressure (94.8 % vs 92.7 %). Only in the case of glycosylated haemoglobin did shared care have poorer data collection (66.0 % vs 98.4 %). In all these parameters, except blood pressure, shared care out‐performed the GP group. We conclude that with adequate support from and communication with hospital‐based diabetes services, GPs are capable of providing care appropriate to the needs of uncomplicated diabetic patients.
Comparative Study of Spasmolytic Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Arbutus unedo from Montenegro and Greece

Arbutus unedo leaf is used traditionally for gastrointestinal complaints. Ethanol extracts from Arbutus unedo collected in both Montenegro (AuM) and Greece (AuG) were found to decrease the ileal basal tonus, with AuG producing a significantly higher (p < 0.05) reduction in contractile response to acetylcholine. AuM and AuG relaxed 80 mm K+ induced contractions and shifted the Ca++ concentration–response curves to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil, suggesting that the spasmolytic effect was induced through calcium channel inhibition. The antioxidant activity of AuM and AuG and the phenolic content of the extracts and dry plant material were studied, and both extracts were found to possess considerable antioxidant properties. AuG showed a stronger in vitro antioxidative activity in the DPPH assay and in the TBA test. Polyphenol, tannin and flavonoid levels were higher in AuG, supporting the more potent spasmolytic and antioxidative effects, whereas the arbutin content was higher in dry plant material collected in Montenegro. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Conceptual Complexity

We have extended the measurement of content complexity to a practical level by developing a model for evaluating a particularly complex body of information: the federal income tax laws. United States tax law has been seriously criticized as being overly complex, and the capital gain or loss tax preference significantly contributes to this complexity. By developing and applying a content analysis measurement model, we have determined that over 15% of the tax law's complexity is attributable to the capital gain and loss preference and that this preference affects 65% of all income tax sections. The consequences of this complexity are currently an unresearched area. The findings confirm the hypothesis that the capital gain and loss preference substantially complicates the income tax law in both absolute and relative terms.
C’mon Guys! A program to facilitate father involvement in the primary school environment

This article is written to provide a case study example of a program developed to encourage fathers’ engagement with their children in the primary school environment. C’mon Guys! was delivered in a Primary School in Victoria, Australia (unnamed to protect the privacy of the participants). The article begins by first describing the community in which C’mon Guys! was offered and goes on to outline the literature related to aspects pertinent to the program such as father involvement in the lives of children at school, and the role of the social worker in facilitating this type of groupwork in the school setting. Next, the aims of the program are discussed with particular reference to its design, social learning theory, systems theory and groupwork principles and processes. The outcomes of C’mon Guys! are then discussed noting the limitations of the program as well as identifying the extrinsic and intrinsic benefits for the children, their fathers and the community.
Lung cancer in motor exhaust-related occupations.

: The association between employment in motor exhaust-related occupations and the risk for lung cancer was examined in 2,291 male cases of lung cancer and 2,570 controls in data pooled from three U.S. case control studies carried out by the National Cancer Institute between 1976 and 1983. Most analyses were limited to subjects providing direct, in-person interviews, including 1,444 cases and 1,893 controls. For those providing direct interviews and employed 10 years or more in motor exhaust-related (MER) occupations, the age, smoking, and study area adjusted odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer was 1.5 (95% CI = 1.2-1.9). Risk was elevated for truck drivers (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-1.9) and for other MER occupations (OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1-2.0). The odds ratios associated with MER employment of 10+ years were 1.6 (95% CI = 1.2-2.1) for whites and 1.4 (95% CI = 0.9-2.1) for nonwhites; 1.2 (95% CI = 0.7-2.0) [corrected] for those with possible exposure to other recognized or reported lung carcinogens; and 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.1) for those without such exposure. The 50% excess risk for lung cancer associated with employment in motor exhaust-related occupations could not be explained by greater use of cigarettes or by other occupational exposures among these workers.
Nondiscriminated Avoidance Behavior in a Large Sample of Rats

Under "nondiscriminated avoidance" S continually forestalls a punishing stimulus by emitting a response; no exteroceptive stimulus precedes the punishing stimulus. Most experiments in this area have studied rats pressing levers to avoid brief electric shocks. During the time since Sidman, using rats, originated the procedure (Sidman, 1953a) several stimulus variables which affecr the avoidance behavior have been investigated (e.g., Sidman, 1953b; Sidman & Boren, 1957; Verhave, 1959a). Moreover, nondiscriminated avoidance in rats has found frequent use as a tool for studying drug effects (e.g., Verhave, 1958; Heise & Boff, 1960; Carlton & Didamo, 1961; Hearst & Szara, 1961). Despite this wide interest, the behavioral characterization of a relatively large sample of rats, trained to stability on nondiscriminated avoidance, has not been reported. The present srudy is addressed to such a characterization.