Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of the family system in family business

Purpose – Most researchers overlook the family system in the pursuit of family business studies and research. They mistakenly have assumed that the study of only the family business is sufficient to understand the influence and effect of the family itself. The importance the family system is documented as well as the evolution of family business as a field of study and various family business definitions. Conceptualizations of the family business are critiqued and the Sustainable Family Business Theory (SFBT) is presented relative to its board and detailed emphasis on the family system. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – This article is a review of previous family business research including specific conceptual models developed in the literature, particularly relevant to the inclusion of the family system.Findings – Few researchers examine the family system in detail but those that do are reviewed and discussed.Research limitations/implications – Research, teaching and p.
Audit fee determinants and auditor premiums: evidence from the micro-firm sub-market

Abstract Despite the growing literature on the market for audit services, to date no study has examined the determinants of audit fees for the smallest auditees in the market. This study therefore provides some new theory and evidence on the determinants of the audit fees of micro-firms operating in the UK manufacturing sector. A key finding of the study is that in the highly competitive market under consideration, independent small auditees willingly paid a premium to be audited by a mid-tier or a (then) Big Six auditor, with the latter commanding the higher premium. It is concluded that these findings are consistent with Big Six (and, to a lesser extent, mid-tier) auditors commanding a brand premium stemming from the (perceived) higher quality audit conducted by large auditors, for which small firms are willing to pay a premium in order to benefit from associated ‘reputational’ and ‘signalling’ effects. The common finding that the explanatory power of audit fee models declines as a function of firm size is also examined. The empirical analysis confirms this effect, but evidence is offered that, rather than resulting from model misspecification, it is likely that audit prices of the smallest auditees are relatively insensitive to variations in corporate size, which may result from lower incremental economies of scale and minimum pricing.
Design considerations and loss analysis of DC chokes

The paper presents design considerations and a loss analysis of dc chokes in kW range, realized by different magnetic materials. Five designs under the same input parameters are realized with three different materials: ferrite (3F3), powder (sendust MS) and amorphous material (Microlite 245). An optimal design procedure is considered aimed at minimizing losses and volume of the component. A set of operating and construction parameters is analyzed. The obtained design results are verified by carried out simulations. Three of the compared DC chokes are realized, experimented and measured under the real operating conditions. The comparison of the three different materials is summarized and design recommendations are formulated regarding their use is such applications.
PET-CT in Radiation Oncology: The Impact on Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, and Assessment of Treatment Response

Objective:To review the role of hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) systems in the design and management of cancer patients in the modern radiation oncology practice. PET is co-registered with CT and incorporated into a systematic approach to the staging, management, and assessment of response and surveillance of a variety of oncologic diagnoses. Methods:A review of the literature of functional imaging such as PET-CT in staging, treatment plan design, assessment of response and detection of recurrence for tumors involving the head and neck, lung, esophagus, rectum amongst others. Results:PET and PET-CT offer significant advantages which include more accurate staging which often results in management changes in roughly one-third of patients across a number of disease site. More accurate target definition may augment highly conformal radiation treatment plans using intensity-modulated radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy. Conclusion:The emerging data appears to suggest the functional imaging may be a more useful tool to evaluate the therapeutic effect of treatment, detect early failures and prognosticate long-term outcome.
The Evolution of the Literature on Technological Change over time: A Survey

This paper reviews the emergence and evolution of major topics in economics of innovation. Throughout the paper, particular attention is devoted to the analysis of the cumulative aspects and complementarities between di_erent paths of research over time. Moreover, this survey highlights the crucial relationship between technological change (TC) and economic growth, and the way in which economics literature has dealt with this issue over time. The structure of this survey distinguishes between different decades and it identifies the key debates in the economics literature in each period. Although relevant steps have been made over time, a systematic and satisfactory integration of di_erent theoretical perspectives appears still to be found. In recent years, there have been more sophisticated empirical and theoretical attempts to deal with TC at several, and more disaggregated, levels of analysis. Notwithstanding such advancements, further research is needed to ensure the development of a more general theory of the determinants and the effects of TC. In turn, such theory has to deal primarily with an assessment of both the complementarities between the economic incentives and the internal mechanisms of the so-called "black box" (Rosenberg, 1994), and the heterogeneity which characterises the innovative process of firms across different sectors, countries and over time.
Phytostabilisation of Copper-Contaminated Soil in Katanga: An Experiment with Three Native Grasses and Two Amendments

This study evaluates the feasibility of using the grass species Rendlia altera, Monocymbium ceresiiforme, Cynodon dactylon, and amendments (compost and lime) for the phytostabilisation of soils contaminated by Cu in the province of Katanga (Democratic Republic of Congo). Species were grown on control and Cu-contaminated plots (artificially contaminated with 2,500 mg kg−1 Cu) unamended (NA), amended with 4.5 kg compost m−2 or 0.2 kg lime m−2. R. altera was also grown on contaminated plots amended with 22.5 kg compost m−2 or 1 kg lime m−2. Plant survival, growth, and reproduction were monitored for two years. Cu-concentration in leaves of R. altera and M. ceresiiforme were analysed. pH and extractable Cu (0.01 M CaCl2) in soil were analysed in April 2007 and 2008. Results showed that R. altera seems to be the best candidate because of its highest survival on NA, followed by M. ceresiiforme, while liming was necessary to ensure survival of C. dactylon. Lime increased plant reproduction and reduced Cu accumulation in leaves compared to compost. However, higher survival and number of spikes of R. altera obtained in experiment 2 with 22.5 kg compost m−2 suggest that lime x compost interactions should be investigated in further studies.
Vav‐2 controls NFAT‐dependent transcription inB‐ but not T‐lymphocytes

We show here that Vav‐2 is tyrosine phosphorylated following antigen receptor engagement in both B‐ and T‐cells, but potentiates nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)‐dependent transcription only in B cells. Vav‐2 function requires the N‐terminus, as well as functional Dbl homology and SH2 domains. More over, the enhancement of NFAT‐dependent transcription by Vav‐2 can be inhibited by a number of dominant‐negative GTPases. The ability of Vav‐2 to potentiate NFAT‐dependent transcription correlates with its ability to promote a sustained calcium flux. Thus, Vav‐2 augments the calcium signal in B cells but not T cells, and a truncated form of Vav‐2 can neither activate NFAT nor augment calcium signaling. The CD19 co‐receptor physically interacts with Vav‐2 and synergistically enhances Vav‐2 phosphorylation induced by the B‐cell receptor (BCR). In addition, we found that Vav‐2 augments CD19‐stimulated NFAT‐ dependent transcription, as well as transcription from the CD5 enhancer. These data suggest a role for Vav‐2 in transducing BCR signals to the transcription factor NFAT and implicate Vav‐2 in the integration of BCR and CD19 signaling.
Sectoral Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence from Pakistan

Does monetary policy have economically significant effects on the real output? Historically, economists have tended to hold markedly different views with regard to this question. In recent times, however, there seems to be increasing consensus among monetary economists and policy-makers that monetary policy does have real effects, at least in the short run.1 Consequently, focus of monetary policy analysis has recently shifted from the big question of whether money matters, to emphasising other aspects of monetary policy and its relations to real economic activity. One aspect that has received considerable attention of late is the sectoral or regional effects of monetary policy shocks. Recent studies on the subject make it quite clear that different sectors or regions of the economy respond differently to monetary shocks. This observation has profound implications for the macroeconomic management as the central bank will have to weigh the varying consequences of its actions on different sectors or regions of the economy. For instance, the tightening of monetary policy might be considered mild from the aggregate perspective, yet it can be viewed as excessive for certain sectors. If this is true then monetary policy should have strong distributional effects within the economy. Accordingly, information on which sectors react first and are more adversely affected by monetary tightening provides valuable information to monetary authorities in designing appropriate monetary policies. Additionally, the results can contribute to our understanding of the underlying nature of transmission mechanism. And for that reason, many economists have called for a disaggregated analysis of monetary transmission mechanism [e.g., Domac (1999), Dedola and Lippi (2005), Ganley and Salmon (1997), Carlino and DeFina (1998)].
Entrepreneurship policy implementation model in Indonesia

The needs for entrepreneurship policy are raised in line with the interests to identify the impact of entrepreneurship. The government should thus provide a conducive environment for the emergence of entrepreneurship. However, there is limited information about the implementation of entrepreneurship policy. It is necessary to conduct a preliminary research to describe the model of entrepreneurship policy in the case of Indonesia. The research uses the documentation-reading technique and categorisation of entrepreneurship policy programs based on content and level of analysis (micro, meso and macro level). The results show there are 12 government programs related to entrepreneurship, which aim to increase the number of entrepreneurs or new ventures. At the micro level, the policy is targeted to individual, which its contents are business skills, opportunity identification skill, and psychological endowment including self motivated. At the meso level, entrepreneur is defined as an organisation that creates an added value through entrepreneurial process with the content includes business incentives and administration burden. At the macro level, the impact of entrepreneurship influences jobs creation and start-up creation nationally in which the policy content includes entrepreneurship culture, entrepreneurship infrastructure, and education.
Autonomous portfolio investment by multi-stage selection procedure

Following previous work this paper analyzes the portfolio investment process in the terms of a cybernetic system where the portfolio is the controlled system and the investor is the controlling system. Among the many proposed approaches for managing an investment portfolio there are those which borrow ideas from non-financial fields. This paper proposes a new approach for generating possible solutions to the investment portfolio problem using multi-stage selection.
On Testing the Structure of Risk Preferences in Agricultural Supply Analysis

Risk preferences broadly affect many economic decisions when markets are incomplete. Common representations of risk preferences are constant absolute, relative, and partial relative risk aversion. Each of these preference classes has distinct impacts on choice. An econometric test for distinguishing the class of preferences is proposed and implemented for potato supply response in Idaho. The data reject constant absolute and partial relative risk aversion and are congruent with constant relative risk aversion.
The effects of cerebellar stimulation on the motor cortical excitability in neurological disorders: A review

The cerebellum regulates execution of skilled movements through neural connections with the primary motor cortex. A main projection from the cerebellum to the primary motor cortex is a disynaptic excitatory pathway relayed at the ventral thalamus. This dentatothalamocortical pathway receives inhibitory inputs from Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. These pathways (cerebellothalamocortical pathways) have been characterized extensively using cellular approaches in animals. Advances in non-invasive transcranial activation of neural structures using electrical and magnetic stimulation have allowed us to investigate these neural connections in humans. This review summarizes various studies of the cerebellothalamo-cortical pathway in humans using current transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation techniques. We studied effects on motor cortical excitability elicited by electrical or magnetic stimulation over the cerebellum by recording surface electromyographic (EMG) responses from the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. Magnetic stimuli were given with a round or figure eight coil (test stimulation) for primary motor cortical activation. For cerebellar stimulation, we gave high-voltage electrical stimuli or magnetic stimuli through a cone-shaped coil ipsilateral to the surface EMG recording (conditioning stimulation). We examined effects of interstimulus intervals (ISIs) with randomized condition-test paradigm, using a test stimulus given preceded by a conditioning stimulus by ISIs of several milliseconds. We demonstrated significant gain of EMG responses at an ISI of 3 ms (facilitatory effect) and reduced responses starting at 5 ms, which lasted 3–7 ms (inhibitory effect). We applied this method to patients with ataxia and showed that the inhibitory effect was only absent in patients with a lesion at cerebellar efferent pathways or dentatothalamocortical pathway. These results imply that this method activates the unilateral cerebellar structures. We confirmed facilitatory and inhibitory natures of cerebellothala-mocortical pathways in humans. We can differentiate ataxia attributable to somewhere in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways from that caused by other pathways.
On Equity: The Illinois Dilemma Revisited: A Response to a Response

Purpose Aristotle writes that ". the source of battles and complaints is either that people who are equal have unequal shares, or that people who are not equal have equal shares, distributed to them. "(FN1) Similarly stated, the issue is that "equals have and are awarded unequal shares, or unequals equal shares. "(FN2) This again comes to the fore in a Response(FN3) to our research on Illinois in which we analyze the equity, adequacy, and legal issues related to school finance. The Responders' quarrel with that portion of our research that addresses equity and create a de novo analysis, by treating unequals equally--an invalid endeavor fraught with difficulties to which we feel called upon to respond. (FN4) However, they accept what we consider the major contribution of the equity portion of our work--dissemination of a method to provide analysis for all districts in Illinois, including elementary, high school, and unit school districts. Previously, research resulted in three separate analyses, thus, begging the question of whether or not the finance system as a whole was equitable. The answer to that question, whether using the Responders' or our analysis, is an unequivocal "no."
MicroRNA-204 targets signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 expression and inhibits proliferation of B-cell lymphoma cells.

The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumorigenesis has been extensively investigated. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the expression and role of miR‑204 in B‑cell lymphoma. The present study demonstrated that miR‑204 is downregulated in B‑cell lymphoma. Using in vitro studies, overexpression of miR‑204 was shown to inhibit growth in Daudi and Raji B‑cell lymphoma cell lines. Furthermore, miR‑204 could bind the 3'‑untranslated region of signal transducer activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), a transcription factor that promotes B‑cell lymphoma oncogenesis. Re‑introduction of STAT5 reversed the antiproliferative roles of miR‑204, confirming the specific importance of STAT5 for miR‑204 action in cell proliferation. The present study suggests a novel mechanism for dysregulated miRNAs in the progression of B‑cell lymphoma.
Complex distal 10q rearrangement in a girl with mild intellectual disability: Follow up of the patient and review of the literature of non‐acrocentric satellited chromosomes

We report on an intellectually disabled girl with a de novo satellited chromosome 10 (10qs) and performed a review of the literature of the non‐acrocentric satellited chromosomes (NASC). Satellites and stalks normally occur on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes; however, the literature cites several reports of satellited non‐acrocentric chromosomes, which presumably result from a translocation with an acrocentric chromosome. This is, to our knowledge, the third report of a 10qs chromosome. The phenotype observed in the proband prompted a search for a structural rearrangement of chromosome 10q. By microsatellite analysis we observed a 4 Mb deletion on the long arm of chromosome 10, approximately 145 kb from the telomere. FISH and array CGH analyses revealed a complex rearrangement involving in range from the centromere to the telomere: A 9.64 Mb 10q26.11–q26.2 duplication, a 1.3 Mb region with no copy number change, followed by a 5.62 Mb 10q26.2–q26.3 deletion and a translocation of satellite material. The homology between the repeat sequences at 10q subtelomere region and the sequences on the acrocentric short arms may explain the origin of the rearrangement and it is likely that the submicroscopic microdeletion and microduplication are responsible for the abnormal phenotype in our patient. The patient presented here, with a 15‐year follow‐up, manifests a distinct phenotype different from the 10q26 pure distal monosomy and trisomy syndromes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sickness Presenteeism, Sickness Absenteeism, and Health Following Restructuring in a Public Service Organization

This study examined the relationship between sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, organizational outcomes and employee health. In particular, we wanted to investigate to what degree employees were substituting sickness presence for sickness absence. Three hypotheses were tested to formalize this 'substitution proposition'. We surveyed a Canadian public service organization which was involved in a large scale downsizing initiative. For this study, 237 Personnel Corporation (pseudonym used) employees responded to the survey, representing a 66 per cent response rate. Survey results indicated that, while the workforce was of average health, sickness absenteeism was less than half that of the national average. The difference could be accounted for by sickness presenteeism - the average number of days employees attended work while ill or injured was greater than the number of days of sickness absence. The pattern of results supported the notion that employees were substituting presenteeism for absenteeism. The frequency and type of self-reported health problems were highly similar for presenteeism and absenteeism. Work factors (e.g. job security, supervisor support and job satisfaction) tested were significantly correlated with presenteeism. Presenteeism appears to be a stronger predictor of health than absenteeism, suggesting that efforts to improve workplace health may have a more immediate impact on presenteeism than on absenteeism.
Fertilization of Case Frame Dictionary for Robust Japanese Case Analysis

This paper proposes a method of fertilizing a Japanese case frame dictionary to handle complicated expressions: double nominative sentences, non-gapping relation of relative clauses, and case change. Our method is divided into two stages. In the first stage, we parse a large corpus and construct a Japanese case frame dictionary automatically from the parse results. In the second stage, we apply case analysis to the large corpus utilizing the constructed case frame dictionary, and upgrade the case frame dictionary by incorporating newly acquired information.
Smart phone services provisioning, assessing, development, management and tendency for mobile commerce

The main objective of this research is to survey most of the currently available smart phones in the market. A modern technology has been changing with each passing day. For income and convenience, technology corporations expect that technologies can be created and innovated unceasingly to advance cell phones. Present smart phones make users take care of their friends anytime and anywhere, notice stocks’ price fluctuation and every daily thing. This study adopted on-line questionnaire to research now cell phones-using tribes. Prevalence and styles of smart phones were investigated deeply and particularly. Market analysis and trend of smart phones can provide cell-phone manufacturing industry a reference of developing cell-phones. This study has implications and contributions on the basis of market analysis for businesses and researchers preparing mobile services and marketing. Key words: Smart phone, market commerce, electronic wallet, electronic payment, market analysis.
Explanatory Models and Help-Seeking Behavior: Pathways to Psychiatric Care Among Patients Admitted for Depression in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda

In this article, the authors present findings from a qualitative study exploring how people diagnosed with depression conceptualize their condition and how their conceptualization shaped their efforts to seek help. They used an interview guide based on an explanatory model framework for data collection. Four major themes emerged from the analysis: (a) somatization, social meaning of illness, and help seeking; (b) meaning and perceived consequences of illness; (c) How did I get here? Making sense of psychiatric admission; and (d) variations in the causal attribution and the role of significant others in help seeking. Somatization of emotional problems, variations in causal attribution between patients and their significant others, the nature of the available health care system, and burden of infectious disease complicate access to care. These findings suggest the need to raise the awareness of primary care providers on how to recognize and help people with depression appropriately in this setting.