Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smooth halos in the cosmic web

Dark matter halos can be defined as smooth distributions of dark matter placed in a non-smooth cosmic web structure. This definition of halos demands a precise definition of smoothness and a characterization of the manner in which the transition from smooth halos to the cosmic web takes place. We introduce entropic measures of smoothness, related to measures of inequality previously used in economy and with the advantage of being connected with standard methods of multifractal analysis already used for characterizing the cosmic web structure in cold dark matter N-body simulations. These entropic measures provide us with a quantitative description of the transition from the small scales portrayed as a distribution of halos to the larger scales portrayed as a cosmic web and, therefore, allow us to assign definite sizes to halos. However, these ``smoothness sizes'' have no direct relation to the virial radii. Finally, we discuss the influence of N-body discreteness parameters on smoothness.
Geolocated Wireless Heart Rate Variability Sentinel Surveillance in Immunological Assessment, Intervention and Research Concerning COVID-19 and other Pandemic Threats

With the development of increasingly sophisticated biotechnology and conceptual/analytic approaches, a greater ability to understand, intervene and prevent disease and promote health is becoming more available. A synthetic integration of several such technologies and analytic strategies named the Canary System is described which can impact significant global health problems, including the COVID-19 pandemic with its continuously evolving variants. The system wirelessly acquires high fidelity heart rate variability and other data, geocodes the data and transfers It through personal device for high throughput algorithmic analysis, which has been shown to indicate likely COVID-19 status well before clinical symptoms emerge, if indeed the individual becomes symptomatic. The system can not only provide sentinel surveillance and other public health activities, but can facilitate research in disciplines such as immunology, virology, epidemiology, affective and cognitive neurobiology and health psychology. The aim and scope of this paper is to, within context, describe both the rationale and functional components and operation of this system in a variety of settings. The objective of the paper is to explicate both the operational characteristics of this approach and the multiple applications it may have in the disciplines identified above as well as primary health care and non-medical applications.
Determining the zero-point calibration for AGN black hole mass estimates

By fitting to the quiescent galaxy MBH−σ∗ relation, we calculate the average shift required to scale reverberation-mapped AGN masses to the same zero-point. We use reanalyzed virial products (rV2/G) and both new and published velocity dispersions to find the offset in the AGN calibration. This scaling factor, 〈f〉, accounts for the detailed dynamics and geometry of the broad-line region (BLR). Finally, we confirm the rough correlation between σ∗ and FWHM([O III]) for these 16 AGNs.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard. edu/abstract_service. html
Analysis of natural images by independent quadratic forms and temporally coherent quadratic forms

Several studies have succeeded to correlate natural image statistics with receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex such as simple cells. However, complex cell properties have not fully explained by previous studies of natural image statistics. In this study, we deal with quadratic forms. Because they form a class of functions that includes complex cell responses and many other functions. We employ two criteria for learning parameters of quadratic forms. They are independence of output and temporal coherence of output. By independence criterion, squared responses of simple cells were obtained and complex cell properties were not reproduced. On the other hand, by maximizing the sparseness of difference of output, we obtained complex cell properties among other kind of quadratic forms.
Assessment of detectability of neutral interstellar deuterium by IBEX observations

Context. The abundance of deuterium in the interstellar gas in front of the Sun gives insight into the processes of filtration of neutral interstellar species through the heliospheric interface and potentially into the chemical evolution of the Galactic gas. Aims: We investigate the possibility of detection of neutral interstellar deuterium at 1 AU from the Sun by direct sampling by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX). Methods: Using both previous and the most recent determinations of the flow parameters of neutral gas in the local interstellar cloud (LIC) and an observation-based model of solar radiation pressure and ionization in the heliosphere, we simulated the flux of neutral interstellar D at IBEX for the actual measurement conditions. We assessed the number of interstellar D atom counts expected during the first three years of IBEX operation. We also simulated the observations expected during an epoch of high solar activity. In addition, we calculated the expected counts of D atoms from the thin terrestrial water layer covering the IBEX-Lo conversion surface, sputtered by neutral interstellar He atoms. Results: Most D counts registered by IBEX-Lo are expected to come from the water layer, exceeding the interstellar signal by 2 orders of magnitude. However, the sputtering should stop once the Earth leaves the portion of orbit traversed by interstellar He atoms. We identify seasons during the year when mostly the genuine interstellar D atoms are expected in the signal. During the first 3 years of IBEX operations about 2 detectable interstellar D atoms are expected. This number is comparable to the expected number of sputtered D atoms registered during the same time intervals. Conclusions: The most favorable conditions for the detection occur during low solar activity, in an interval including March and April each year. The detection chances could be improved by extending the instrument duty cycle, say, by making observations in the special deuterium mode of IBEX-Lo.
Stability of Thin-Shell Wormholes in Nonlinear Electrodynamics

In this paper, we construct thin-shell wormholes by applying the cut and paste procedure to a regular charged black hole in nonlinear electrodynamics field. We discuss different physical aspects of wormholes such as, the possible equation of state to matter shell, attractive or repulsive nature of wormhole and total amount of exotic matter required. The thin-shell equation of motion with and without cosmological constant is also investigated under linearized perturbation. Finally, we explore the stability regions interpreted by the parameter β (speed of sound) and conclude that there are realistic stability regions for some fixed values of parameters.
Thermally activated conductance in arrays of small Josephson junctions

We present measurements of the temperature-dependent conductance for series arrays of small-capacitance SQUIDs. At low bias voltages, the arrays exhibit a strong Coulomb blockade, which we study in detail as a function of temperature and Josephson energy $E_J$. We find that the zero-bias conductance is well described by thermally activated charge transport with the activation energy on the order of $\Lambda E_C$, where $\Lambda$ is the charge screening length in the array and $E_C$ is the charging energy of a single SQUID.
The ADM-Aeolus mission

The Atmospheric Dynamics Mission ADM-Aeolus will make direct measurements of global wind-fields. The aim is to provide global observations of wind profiles with a vertical resolution that will satisfy the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization. The only payload is the Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN), a direct detection Doppler lidar operating in the UV. It will determine the wind velocity component normal to the satellite velocity vector. These wind profile measurements will be assimilated into numerical forecasting models to improve the quality of the global three-dimensional wind fields. To make full use of the data, the global wind profile data must be made available to the weather prediction centers in near real time. EADS-Astrium (UK and France) and their subcontractors develop Aeolus and ALADIN. Most subsystems have been completed, and the assembly of the Flight Model is well under way, and proceeding to a launch envisaged in late 2008. Details of ALADIN and several of its subsystems are reported in various papers of this conference.
TIMESCALES ON WHICH STAR FORMATION AFFECTS THE NEUTRAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Turbulent neutral hydrogen (H i) line widths are often thought to be driven primarily by star formation (SF), but the timescale for converting SF energy to H i kinetic energy is unclear. As a complication, studies on the connection between H i line widths and SF in external galaxies often use broadband tracers for the SF rate, which must implicitly assume that SF histories (SFHs) have been constant over the timescale of the tracer. In this paper, we compare measures of H i energy to time-resolved SFHs in a number of nearby dwarf galaxies. We find that H i energy surface density is strongly correlated only with SF that occurred 30–40 Myr ago. This timescale corresponds to the approximate lifetime of the lowest mass supernova progenitors (∼8 M☉). This analysis suggests that the coupling between SF and the neutral interstellar medium is strongest on this timescale, due either to an intrinsic delay between the release of the peak energy from SF or to the coherent effects of many supernova explosions during this interval. At ΣSFR > 10−3 M☉ yr−1 kpc−2, we find a mean coupling efficiency between SF energy and H i energy of ϵ = 0.11 ± 0.04 using the 30–40 Myr timescale. However, unphysical efficiencies are required in lower ΣSFR systems, implying that SF is not the primary driver of H i kinematics at ΣSFR < 10−3 M☉ yr−1 kpc−2.
Dielectric elastomers – numerical modeling of nonlinear visco‐electroelasticity

Dielectric elastomer actuators that can directly turn electrical energy into mechanical energy belong to the group of electroactive polymers. This type of electroelastic material exhibits large displacement characteristics and is able to change its mechanical behavior in response to the application of an electric field. Dielectric actuators are made out of elastomers which in general show viscoelastic behavior. To take this time dependent effect into account, the deformation gradient is multiplicatively decomposed. The paper is focused on the numerical modeling of soft dielectric elastomers. The theoretical foundation and the consistent finite element implementation is outlined based on the laws of electricity and elasticity. Furthermore, numerical examples of the nonlinear visco‐electroelasticity model are shown. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near-degeneracy of extended s +d x 2 -y 2 and d x y order parameters in quasi-two-dimensional organic superconductors

The symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in quasi-two-dimensional BEDT-TTF organic superconductors is a subject of ongoing debate. We report ab initio density functional theory calculations for a number of organic superconductors containing $\kappa$-type layers. Using projective Wannier functions we derive parameters of a common low-energy Hamiltonian based on individual BEDT-TTF molecular orbitals. In a random phase approximation spin-fluctuation approach we investigate the evolution of the superconducting pairing symmetry within this model and point out a phase-transition between extended $s + d_{x^2-y^2}$ and $d_{xy}$ symmetry. We discuss the origin of the mixed order parameter and the relation between the realistic molecule description and the widely used dimer approximation. Based on our ab initio calculations we position the investigated materials in the obtained molecule model phase diagram and simulate scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments for selected cases. Our calculations show that many $\kappa$-type materials lie close to the phase transition line between the two pairing symmetry types found in our calculation, possibly explaining the multitude of contradictory experiments in this field.
Perpendicular propagation of magnetosonic waves

Azimuthal and radial propagation characteristics of perpendicularly propagating fast magnetosonic waves in an axis‐symmetrical medium with the presence of plasmapause is investigated analytically based on Snell's law. We find thatQ = nr sin ψ is conserved during the propagation, where n is wave refractive index, ris geo‐centered distance, andψ is wave azimuthal angle with zero pointing radially outward. The radial range of wave propagation can be determined by comparing Q and the radial profile of nr.Trapped waves, which are bounded in a narrow radial range but migrate azimuthally and even circularly, are identified inside the plasmapause over a broad range of wave azimuthal angles and over a broad range of wave frequencies from the proton gyrofrequency to the lower hybrid resonance frequency. In contrast untrapped waves launched inside and outside the plasmasphere can travel azimuthally 0–4 hrs and 0–7 hrs in local times respectively. The substantial radial and azimuthal propagation may account for the presence of magnetosonic waves away from the source region.
IMPROVING THE MODEL OF EMISSION FROM SPINNING DUST: EFFECTS OF GRAIN WOBBLING AND TRANSIENT SPIN-UP

Observations continue to support the interpretation of the anomalous microwave foreground as electric dipole radiation from spinning dust grains as proposed by Draine & Lazarian. In this paper, we present a refinement of the original model by improving the treatment of a number of physical effects. First, we consider a disk-like grain rotating with angular velocity at an arbitrary angle with respect to the grain symmetry axis (i.e., grain wobbling) and derive the rotational damping and excitation coefficients arising from infrared emission, plasma–grain interactions, and electric dipole emission. The angular velocity distribution and the electric dipole emission spectrum for disk-like grains is calculated using the Langevin equation, for cases both with and without fast internal relaxation. Our results show that for fast internal relaxation, the peak emissivity of spinning dust, compared to earlier studies, increases by a factor of ∼2 for the warm neutral medium (WNM), the warm ionized medium (WIM), the cold neutral medium (CNM), and the photodissociation region, and by a factor ∼4 for reflection nebulae. The frequency at the emission peak also increases by factors ∼1.4 to ∼2 for these media. Without internal relaxation, the increase of emissivity is comparable, but the emission spectrum is more extended to higher frequency. The increased emission results from the non-sphericity of grain shape and from the anisotropy in damping and excitation along directions parallel and perpendicular to the grain symmetry axis. Second, we provide a detailed numerical study including transient spin-up of grains by single-ion collisions. The range of grain size in which single-ion collisions are important is identified. The impulses broaden the emission spectrum and increase the peak emissivity for the CNM, WNM, and WIM, although the increases are not as large as those due to the grain wobbling. In addition, we present an improved treatment of rotational excitation and damping by infrared emission.
QUANTUM LANGEVIN MOLECULAR DYNAMIC DETERMINATION OF THE SOLAR-INTERIOR EQUATION OF STATE

The equation of state (EOS) of the solar interior is accurately and smoothly determined from ab initio simulations named quantum Langevin molecular dynamics in the pressure range of 58 Mbar ⩽P ⩽ 4.6 × 105 Mbar at the temperature range of 1 eV ⩽T ⩽ 1500 eV. The central pressure is calculated and compared with other models. The effect of heavy elements such as carbon and oxygen on the EOS is also discussed.
Full analysis of multi-photon pair effects in spontaneous parametric down conversion based photonic quantum information processing

In spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) based quantum information processing (QIP) experiments, there is a tradeoff between the coincidence count rates (i.e. the pumping power of the SPDC), which limits the rate of the protocol, and the visibility of the quantum interference, which limits the quality of the protocol. This tradeoff is mainly caused by the multi-photon pair emissions from the SPDCs. In theory, the problem is how to model the experiments without truncating these multi-photon emissions while including practical imperfections. In this paper, we establish a method to theoretically simulate SPDC-based QIPs which fully incorporates the effect of multi-photon emissions and various practical imperfections. The key ingredient in our method is the application of the characteristic function formalism which has been used in continuous variable QIPs. We apply our method to three examples, the Hong–Ou–Mandel interference and the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen interference experiments, and the concatenated entanglement swapping protocol. For the first two examples, we show that our theoretical results quantitatively agree with the recent experimental results. Also we provide the closed expressions for these interference visibilities with the full multi-photon components and various imperfections. For the last example, we provide the general theoretical form of the concatenated entanglement swapping protocol in our method and show the numerical results up to five concatenations. Our method requires only a small computational resource (a few minutes by a commercially available computer), which was not possible in the previous theoretical approach. Our method will have applications in a wide range of SPDC-based QIP protocols with high accuracy and a reasonable computational resource.
The Link between ANRIL Gene RS4977574 Polymorphism and Common Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Complications: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Ukrainian Population

Materials and Methods 195 patients with ACS, 200 patients with LAS, and 234 control subjects were enrolled in this case-control study. Real-time PCR was used for ANRIL rs4977574 genotyping. SPSS software package (version 17.0, IBM, USA) was used for data analysis. Results A significant association between rs4977574 polymorphism and the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications was found under the recessive model regardless of adjustment for nongenetic risk factors (OR = 1.551; p = 0.025). Moreover, the link between rs4977574 locus and serum levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.021) and LDL (p = 0.022) was detected. A separate analysis in subgroups demonstrated the association of rs4977574 polymorphism with increased risk of ACS under the recessive model (OR = 1.501; p = 0.048). No relation between rs4977574 site and LAS development was revealed (p > 0.05). Conclusion Obtained data suggested that ANRIL rs4977574-GG genotype can be a possible genetic marker for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in Ukrainian population.
Associations of adverse maternal experiences and diabetes on postnatal maternal depression and child social-emotional outcomes in a South African community cohort

Previous literature has identified associations between diabetes during pregnancy and postnatal maternal depression. Both maternal conditions are associated with adverse consequences on childhood development. Despite an especially high prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy and maternal postnatal depression in low- and middle-income countries, related research predominates in high-income countries. In a South African cohort with or without diabetes, we investigated associations between adverse maternal experiences with postnatal maternal depression and child social-emotional outcomes. South African mother-child dyads were recruited from the Bishop Lavis community in Cape Town. Participants consisted of 82 mother-child dyads (53 women had GDM or type 2 diabetes). At 14–20 months postpartum, maternal self-report questionnaires were administered to assess household socioeconomic status, food insecurity, maternal depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)), maternal trauma (Life Events Checklist), and child social-emotional development (Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment, Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional, Second Edition). Lower educational attainment, lower household income, food insecurity, living without a partner, and having experienced physical assault were each associated with postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and clinical maternal depression (EPDS ≥ 13). Maternal postnatal depression, lower maternal educational attainment, lower household income, household food insecurity, and living in a single-parent household were each associated with child social-emotional problems. Stratified analyses revealed maternal experiences (education, income, food insecurity, trauma) were associated with postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and child social-emotional problems only among dyads with in utero exposure to diabetes. Women with pre-existing diabetes or gestational diabetes in LMIC settings should be screened for health related social needs to reduce the prevalence of depression and to promote child social-emotional development.
Non-reciprocal nonlinear optic induced transparency and frequency conversion on a chip

Developments in photonic chips have spurred photon based classical and quantum information processing, attributing to the high stability and scalability of integrated photonic devices [1, 2]. Optical nonlinearity [3] is indispensable in these complex photonic circuits, because it allows for classical and quantum light sources, all-optical switch, modulation, and non-reciprocity in ambient environments. It is commonly known that nonlinear interactions are often greatly enhanced in the microcavities [4]. However, the manifestations of coherent photon-photon interaction in a cavity, analogous to the electromagnetically induced transparency [5], have never been reported on an integrated platform. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of the coherent photon-photon interaction induced by second order optical nonlinearity (χ) on an aluminum nitride photonic chip. The non-reciprocal nonlinear optic induced transparency is demonstrated as a result of the coherent interference between photons with different colors: ones in the visible wavelength band and ones in the telecom wavelength band. Furthermore, a wide-band frequency conversion with an almost unit internal (0.14 external) efficiency and a bandwidth up to 0.76GHz is demonstrated.