Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Coronary Artery Calcium Score by Multidetector Computed Tomography and Plaque Components by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between coronary artery calcium score (CACS) assessed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and plaque components assessed by virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in 172 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with 250 coronary lesions. CACS was assessed according to Agatston scoring method by MDCT and patients were divided into four groups: Group I (CACS = 0 [n = 52]); Group II (CACS = 1-100 [n = 99]); Group III (CACS = 101-400 [n = 84]); and Group IV (CACS > 400 [n = 15]). Total atheroma volume was greatest in Group IV (152 ± 132 µL vs 171 ± 114 µL vs 195 ± 149 µL vs 321±182 µL, P < 0.001). The absolute dense calcium (DC) and necrotic core (NC) volumes were greatest, and relative DC volume was greatest in Group IV (5.5 ± 6.6 µL vs 11.0 ± 10.3 µL vs 15.6 ± 13.6 µL vs 36.6 ± 18.2 µL, P < 0.001, and 14.8 ± 18.2 µL vs 19.5 ± 18.9 µL vs 22.5 ± 19.1 µL vs 41.7 ± 27.9 µL, P < 0.001, and 6.4 ± 5.3% vs 11.0 ± 6.2% vs 14.0 ± 6.5% vs 20.0 ± 7.8%, P < 0.001, respectively). The absolute plaque and DC and NC volumes and the relative DC volume correlated positively with calcium score. CAD patients with high calcium score have more vulnerable plaque components (greater DC and NC-containing plaques) than those with low calcium score.
Experiences of a PAR Intervention in Care for Older People

Participatory action research (PAR) is an approach for dealing with problematic areas in practice. Follow-up studies in which participants describe their participation in PAR in detail are rare. This follow-up study aimed to describe care providers’ (CPs) experiences of having participated in a PAR intervention designed to assist them to constructively deal with troubled conscience. Twenty-nine CPs who participated in a PAR intervention were interviewed 2 to 4 months post-intervention. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The analysis revealed three main categories: the importance of having a communal and collaborative meeting place, perceived changes in daily life, and “It has been good, but it has not solved all of our problems. ” Using PAR to deal with troubled conscience might be an important organizational investment for the future that can help prevent ill health among CPs and maintain or improve the quality of care.
Developing a Scale to Research and Evaluate Youth Leadership Life Skills Development.

In agricultural education, both 4-H and FFA have identified leadership development as central to their mission. Many Cooperative Extension Service and agricultural educators, members, and alumni think these organizations provide effective leadership programming. However, there is little research to support that viewpoint. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid, reliable scale to measure youth leadership life skills development. The first phase involved the conceptualization and operationalization of youth leadership life skills development (YLLSD). YLLSD was conceptualized as having seven sub-domains (Miller, 1976) and operationalized with 68 indicators. Each indicator used a four point Likert-type subscale. Face and content validity were assessed by a panel of experts. In the second phase, construct validity, reliability, and dimensionality were assessed. Data were collected during September and October, 1992, following the Dillman procedure. The target population was 6,388 senior 4-H and FFA members from New Mexico. A random sample of 400, stratified proportionally to ensure organizational representation was generated. A usable return rate of 66% was obtained. No differences were found between respondents and nonrespondents. During construct validity assessment, indicators of youth leadership life skills development were eliminated through item analysis, internal structure relationships, and cross-structure relationships. The final summated scale of 30 indicators had a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of . 98. Factor analysis was used to assess dimensionality. Although the final scale contains indicators from the seven original conceptual domains, youth in the study perceived the construct to be unidimensional.
Cytotoxicity and Modes of Action of the Methanol Extracts of Six Cameroonian Medicinal Plants against Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells

Introduction. The present study aims at evaluating the cytotoxicity of twelve parts from six Cameroonian medicinal plants on sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cell lines. We also studied the mode of action of the most active plants, Gladiolus quartinianus, Vepris soyauxii, and Anonidium mannii. Methods. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined using a resazurin assay. Flow cytometry was used for cell-cycle analysis and detection of apoptosis, analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results. At 40 g/mL, three extracts showed a growth of CCRF-CEM leukemia cells by less than 50%. This includes the extracts from G. quartinianus (GQW; 25.69%), Vepris soyauxii leaves (VSL; 29.82%), and Anonidium mannii leaves (AML; 31.58%). The lowest IC50 values below 30 μg/mL were obtained with GQW, AML and VSL against 7/9, 8/9, and 9/9 tested cancer cell lines, respectively. The lowest IC50 values for each plant were 4.09 μg/mL, and 9.14 μg/mL (against U87MG.ΔEGFR cells), respectively, for VSL and AML and 10.57 μg/mL (against CCRF-CEM cells) for GQW. GQW induced cell cycle arrest between G0/G1 and S phases, whilst VSL and AML induced arrest in G0/G1. All three extracts induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells by loss of MMP, whilst AML also enhanced production of ROS. Conclusion. The three active plants may be a source for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Swimming Coaches’ Perceptions of Sexual Exploitation in Sport: A Preliminary Model of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity

Bringer, Brackenridge, and Johnston (2002) identified role conflict and ambiguity as an emerging theme for some swimming coaches who felt under increased scrutiny because of wider concerns about sexual exploitation in sport (Boocock, 2002). To further understand this emerging theme, 3 coaches who had engaged in sexual relations with athletes, or had allegations of abuse brought against them, took part in in-depth interviews. Grounded theory method (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) was adopted to explore how these coaches responded differently to increased public scrutiny. The findings are discussed in relation to how sport psychologists can help to shape perceptions of coaching effectiveness that are congruent with child protection measures. Reflective practice is proposed as one method by which coaches may embed child and athlete protection in their definition of effective coaching, rather than seeing it as an external force to which they must accommodate.
“Endomicrobia”: Cytoplasmic Symbionts of Termite Gut Protozoa Form a Separate Phylum of Prokaryotes

ABSTRACT Lignocellulose digestion by wood-feeding termites depends on the mutualistic interaction of unusual, flagellate protists located in their hindgut. Most of the flagellates harbor numerous prokaryotic endosymbionts of so-far-unknown identity and function. Using a full-cycle molecular approach, we show here that the endosymbionts of the larger gut flagellates of Reticulitermes santonensis belong to the so-called termite group 1 (TG-1) bacteria, a group of clones previously obtained exclusively from gut homogenates of Reticulitermes speratus that are only distantly related to other bacteria and are considered a novel bacterial phylum based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with specifically designed oligonucleotide probes confirmed that TG-1 bacteria are indeed located within the flagellate cells and demonstrated that Trichonympha agilis (Hypermastigida) and Pyrsonympha vertens (Oxymonadida) harbor phylogenetically distinct populations of symbionts (<95% sequence similarity). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the symbionts are small, spindle-shaped cells (0.6 μm in length and 0.3 μm in diameter) surrounded by two membranes and located within the cytoplasm of their hosts. The symbionts of the two flagellates are described as candidate species in the candidate genus “Endomicrobium. ” Moreover, we provide evidence that the members of the TG-1 phylum, for which we propose the candidate name “Endomicrobia,” are phylogenetically extremely diverse and are present in and also restricted to the guts of all lower termites and wood-feeding cockroaches of the genus Cryptocercus, the only insects that are in an exclusive, obligately mutualistic association with such unique cellulose-fermenting protists.
Change and the Illusion of Change: Evolving Portrayals of Crime News and Blacks in a Major Market

Content analyses of news about Blacks are numerous, but few compare content over time in mainstream and Black-owned media organizations in a single market. This report analyzes local news items from Boston media during 30-day periods in 1986 and 2001. Although crime news concerning Blacks was less frequent in 2001, it dominated mainstream news about Blacks in both years despite journalists' pledges to overhaul racial-news coverage after questionable reporting of a racially charged insurance hoax in 1989. Conversely, story selection in New England's oldest Black newspaper showed dramatic change. These findings are consistent with organizational change theory, and add nuance to Wilson and Gutiérrez's (1985) model of the evolution of mainstream coverage of minorities.
ff ects of Additive Elements on TFT Characteristics in Amorphous IGZO Films under Light Illumination Stress

We have studied effects of additive elements into the channel layers of amorphous IGZO TFTs on threshold voltage shift issues under light illumination stress condition. By addition of Hf or Si element, the Vth shift under light illumination and negative bias-temperature stress and illumination stress conditions was drastically suppressed while the switching operation of TFTs using IGZO with Mn or Cu was not observed. It was found that the addition of Si or Hf element into the IGZO channel layer leads to reducing the hole trap sites formed at or near the gate insulator/IGZO channel interface. key words: thin-film-transistor, oxide semiconductor trap density, stability
BMPR1a Signaling Determines Numbers of Oligodendrocytes and Calbindin-Expressing Interneurons in the Cortex

Progenitor cells that express the transcription factor olig1 generate several neural cell types including oligodendrocytes and GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal cortex. The fate of these progenitor cells is regulated by a number of signals including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) secreted in the dorsal forebrain. BMPs signal by binding to heteromeric serine–threonine kinase receptors formed by type I (BMPR1a, BMPR1b, Alk2) and type II (BMPRII) subunits. To determine the specific role of the BMPR1a subunit in lineage commitment by olig1-expressing cells, we used a cre/loxP genetic approach to ablate BMPR1a in these cells while leaving signaling from other subunits intact. There was a reduction in numbers of immature oligodendrocytes in the BMPR1a-null mutant brains at birth. However, by postnatal day 20, the BMPR1a-null mice had a significant increase in the number of mature and immature oligodendrocytes compared with wild-type littermates. There was also an increase in the proportion of calbindin-positive interneurons in the dorsomedial cortex of BMPR1a-null mice at birth without any change in the number of parvalbumin- or calretinin-positive cells. These effects were attributable, at least in part, to a decrease in the length of the cell cycle in subventricular zone progenitor cells. Thus, our findings indicate that BMPR1a mediates the suppressive effects of BMP signaling on oligodendrocyte lineage commitment and on the specification of calbindin-positive interneurons in the dorsomedial cortex.
Potential Changes Due to Y 1795 H Mutation in Brugada Syndrome Patients : A Simulation Study

Several mutations of the gene encoding for the cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) are associated with Congenital Brugada syndrome (BrS), but the assessment of their functional consequences with the experimental models is biased by technical limitations. To overcome such limitations we used a novel approach combining in vitro data and computer modeling. The Y1795H mutation of SCN5A was evaluated. A Markovian model capable to reproduce the kinetics of both wild type (WT) and mutant channels was incorporated into the Luo-Rudy comprehensive model of ventricular cells. Here presented results highlight the high sensitivity of simulated AP of virtual transgenic cells to the maximum conductance assigned to the sodium current in mutant channel model. A value of about 10000 S/F allows the reproduction of coherent action potentials in WT and mutant cells.
Early Identification and Intervention: Head Start's Response to Mental Health Challenges

Serving low-income children from birth to age five and their families, Head Start is a primary venue for identification and intervention in the area of child mental health. However, recent research has demonstrated that the knowledge base regarding prevalence, developmental course, and predictive power of child mental health problems is lacking for young children in general and low-income, diverse populations in particular. Head Start's agency-level data is often discrepant from both national estimates and small, intensive studies of similar populations, perhaps for reasons related to availability of community services and professional staff, as well as concerns about stigmatization. Following on recent expert recommendations, new collaborative Federal initiatives are underway to increase our understanding of the types, trajectories, and treatments of mental health problems affecting the vulnerable children served by Head Start. The paper concludes with a call to action for the field in the area of young children's mental health.
Development of enterovirus 71 vaccines: from the lab bench to Phase III clinical trials

The widespread epidemics of enterovirus 71 (EV71) seriously affected the Western Pacific Region. Young children, especially those younger than 3 years are the most susceptible population to the EV71-associated diseases. Several Asian countries have begun to focus on the research and development of EV71 vaccines. Five inactivated whole-virus EV71 candidate vaccines (three were manufactured in mainland China based on a C4 genotype strain, one in Taiwan based on a B4 genotype strain and one in Singapore based on a B2 genotype strain) have been assessed in clinical trials. Three candidate vaccines developed in mainland China have already completed Phase III clinical trials recently. The tested EV71 vaccine could provide good efficacy, satisfactory safety, and high immunogenicity. Thus, inactivated EV71 vaccines are expected to become the first available vaccines against EV71 in the near future.
SENSE IT — Student created water quality sensors

This paper describes the structure and impact of an NSF-funded ITEST project designed to enrich science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education using educational modules that teach students to construct, program, and test a series of sensors used to monitor water quality. During the three years of the SENSE IT project, over 60 teachers across New York, New Jersey and Washington were provided with equipment and professional development, and then implemented the modules in their classrooms with over 2,000 middle and high school students. Project evaluation results indicate that the curriculum was well received by teachers and students, could be integrated into several different subject areas and types of courses, and was effective for a wide range of students.
Bile acids as regulatory molecules

In the past, bile acids were considered to be just detergent molecules derived from cholesterol in the liver. They were known to be important for the solubilization of cholesterol in the gallbladder and for stimulating the absorption of cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and lipids from the intestines. However, during the last two decades, it has been discovered that bile acids are regulatory molecules. Bile acids have been discovered to activate specific nuclear receptors (farnesoid X receptor, preganane X receptor, and vitamin D receptor), G protein coupled receptor TGR5 (TGR5), and cell signaling pathways (c-jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, AKT, and ERK 1/2) in cells in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Activation of nuclear receptors and cell signaling pathways alter the expression of numerous genes encoding enzyme/proteins involved in the regulation of bile acid, glucose, fatty acid, lipoprotein synthesis, metabolism, transport, and energy metabolism. They also play a role in the regulation of serum triglyceride levels in humans and rodents. Bile acids appear to function as nutrient signaling molecules primarily during the feed/fast cycle as there is a flux of these molecules returning from the intestines to the liver following a meal. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of how bile acids regulate hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism through the activation of specific nuclear receptors and cell signaling pathways. —Hylemon, P. B. , H. Zhou, W. M. Pandak, S. Ren, G. Gil, and P. Dent. Bile acids as regulatory molecules.
Should there be Separate Justice Systems for Special Needs Populations? Results from the Penn State Public Opinion Poll

Changing population demographics and the aging of the baby boom generation will affect the structure of all the institutions of our society. An aging and increasingly disabled correctional population will force changes in the way the criminal justice system operates. The application of the Americans with Disabilities Act to prisons is controversial and may place extreme burdens on an already overburdened criminal justice system. An alternative is the establishment of a separate system for special needs offenders (the physically and mentally disabled and the elderly), much as a separate system was established for juveniles more than a century ago. This article examines public support for the idea of a separate justice system for each of these special needs populations, using data from the 2001 Penn State Poll. Results suggest support for a separate system for the mentally disabled, less support for the physically disabled, and little support for a system for the elderly.
Automated Synthesis Tableau Calculi in Intelligent Web-based Education Systems

synthesis of tableau calculi in intelligent web-based education systems (WBES). We propose architecture of an intelligent web-based education system that use automated synthesis of tableau calculi. Current solutions mostly use only one deduction system for target logic. In case of the semantic web ecosystem it is description logics (DLs) deduction system based on tableau or hyper-tableau. This paper also examines some disadvantages of using the automated synthesis tableau calculi in WBES. We analyze how to use the method in an intelligent analysis of student's solutions.
Aging and Shifts of Visual Attention in Saccadic Eye Movements

The authors examined age-related differences in target discrimination before the saccade to investigate the influence of aging on the facilitation of target discrimination by shifts of attention. Older and younger adults made saccades toward a peripheral stimulus after its onset and discriminated the orientation of the stimulus. Mean saccadic latency was greater for older adults than for younger adults. Facilitation of target discrimination immediately before the saccades was found both in older and younger adults. These results suggest that aging affects the properties of saccades but does not affect the properties of attentional shifts immediately before a saccade.
Detekcija semantike iz prolaznih slobodno

Sažetak — Brzorastuće telekomunikacijsko tržište od pružatelja usluga traži stalnu prilagodbu i proširenje ponude na tržištu za nove korisnike. Jedan od načina proširenja ponude je uvođenje usluga s dodanom vrijednošću, koje nadograđuju postojeću uslugu uvodeći nova svojstva. Korisnicima bi mogle biti naročito zanimljive i pristupačne one usluge koje omogućuju komunikaciju putem slobodno formuliranog sadržaja, čime korisnik dobiva dojam interakcije s čovjekom te se postiže jednostavnost i intuitivno korištenje usluge. Proširenje skupa svojstava telekomunikacijskih usluga s dodanom vrijednošću je stoga moguće ostvariti kroz uvođenje upravljačkih mehanizama temeljenih na digitalnom sadržaju, to jest primjenom metoda, postupaka i modela za analizu i obradu sadržaja pogodnih za detekciju semantike. U primjeni ovih postupaka razmotreni su mehanizmi strojnog učenja, posebice primjena umjetnih neuronskih mreža.
Scientists Negotiate Boundaries between Religion and Science

Analysis of interviews with 275 natural and social scientists at 21 elite U.S. research universities suggests that only a minority of scientists see religion and science as always in conflict. Scientists selectively employ different cultural strategies with regards to the religion-science relationship: redefining categories (the use of institutional resources from religion and from science), integration models (scientists strategically employ the views of major scientific actors to legitimate a more symbiotic relationship between science and religion), and intentional talk (scientists actively engage in discussions about the boundaries between science and religion). Such results challenge narrow conceptions of secularization theory and the sociology of science literature by describing ways science intersects with other knowledge categories.Most broadly the ways that institutions and ideologies shape one another through the agency of individual actors within those institutions is explored.
Commentaries on Viewpoint: Reappraisal of the acute, moderate intensity exercise-catecholamines interaction effect on speed of cognition: Role of the vagal/NTS afferent pathway.

TO THE EDITOR: The authors present an interesting analysis of the effect of moderate-intensity exercise-induced catecholamines on cognition speed (4). They summarize that moderate and catecholamine threshold (CT) exercise facilitates the speed of cognition and attribute it to activation of adrenergic neurons in the vagal/ NTS/LC pathway (4). Catecholamine release is also regulated by stress (1), in addition to other factors. Stress, and subsequent stress hormone release, may affect this pathway and the resulting speed of cognition. Even moderate-intensity exercise is a stressor, which requires adaptive responses of many body systems (3), including the vagal/NTS afferent pathway. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons release CRH to the pituitary gland for subsequent release of ACTH, but they also possess axons that terminate in the LC/NE-sympathetic system neurons in the NTS (3). Physiological stressors have been shown to activate neurons in the NTS and induce ACTH release (5). Cortisol released by the adrenal cortex in response to ACTH can result in negative feedback effects on ACTH secretion, the hypothalamic CRH neurons, and the LC/ NE-sympathetic system (5). In this way, cortisol may cause disruptions in dopamine neurochemistry or alter regulation of dopamine release. Alterations in dopamine neurotransmission (excessive or insufficient) by cortisol can affect cognitive function (2), and individual responses to the stress of exercise may explain the lack of mean effect size differences for moderate vs. CT exercise. Conversely, moderate-intensity exercise-induced cortisol release may parallel the CT and positively affect dopaminecontaining neurons excitability and speed of cognition.