Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use cases for compositional modeling and analysis of equation-based constrained flow networks

Numerous domains exist in which systems can be modeled as networks with constraints that regulate the flow of traffic. Smart grids, vehicular road travel, computer networks, and cloudbased resource distribution, among others all have natural representations in this manner. As these systems grow in size and complexity, analysis and certification of safety invariants becomes increasingly costly. The NetSketch formalism and toolset introduce a lightweight framework for constraint-based modeling and analysis of such flow networks. NetSketch offers a processing method based on type-theoretic notions that enables large scale safety verification by allowing for compositional, as opposed to whole-system, analysis. Furthermore, by applying types to the modeled networks, analysis of composite modules containing incomplete or underspecified components can be conducted. Here we describe various use cases for such modeling tasks, and walk through the development of appropriate NetSketch models.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study for Immunosuppressive Treatment of Inflammatory Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Two-Year Follow-Up Results

Background—Previous studies have shown disappointing results for immunosuppressive treatment in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Therefore, we studied the effectiveness of such therapy in patients with HLA upregulation on biopsy. Methods and Results—Of 202 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, 84 patients with increased HLA expression were randomized to receive either immunosuppression or placebo for 3 months; they were then followed for 2 years. After 2 years, there were no significant differences in the primary end point (a composite of death, heart transplantation, and hospital readmission) between the 2 study groups (22.8% for the immunosuppression group and 20.5% for the placebo). The secondary efficacy end point included changes in ejection fraction, end-diastolic diameter, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and NYHA class; left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly in the immunosuppression group compared with the placebo group (95% CI, 4.20 to 13.12;P <0.001) after 3 months of follow-up. The early favorable effects of immunosuppressive therapy on left ventricular volume, left ventricular diastolic dimension, and New York Heart Association class were also present. This improvement was maintained in the immunosuppression group at 2 years (ejection fraction: 95% CI, 6.94 to 19.04;P <0.001). In addition, on the basis of the protocol-specified definition of improvement, 71.8% patients in the immunosuppression group versus 20.9% patients in the placebo group met the criteria of improvement after 3 months (P <0.001). At the end of the follow-up period, 71.4% patients from the immunosuppression group versus 30.8% patients from the placebo group were improved (P =0.001). Conclusions—These data demonstrate a long-term benefit of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and HLA upregulation on biopsy specimens. Thus, restoration of immunosuppressive therapy for such patients should be considered.
A logging approach on B+-tree index for flash-based DBMS

Flash memory, especially NAND flash memory, is being rapidly deployed as data storage for mobile devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras and PDA's. With its capacity increasing and price dropping, Flash memory has been installed in many portable computers instead of magnetic disk for its light weight, small size, physical stability and low power consumption. We may expect that Flash memory will finally take the place of magnetic disk in the next few years. It is possible for us to consider running a database system on the flash computing platforms. Therefore, this requires an efficient index structure to locate a particular item quickly from a huge amount of database records. However, disk-based database index can not be used on flash memory directly because of different characteristics between flash memory and magnetic disk. In this paper, we propose a logging approach on B+-tree index for flash-based DBMS. This new approach makes use of the characteristics of flash memory effectively to acquire more benefits from using traditional database index technology on flash memory.
Cardiac morphodynamic remodelling in the growing eel (Anguilla anguilla L.)

SUMMARY The morphodynamic changes occurring during growth were evaluated in the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) heart. Using an in vitro working heart preparation, cardiac performance of small (body mass 96.76±27.49 g; mean ± s.d.) and large (body mass 656±12 g; mean± s.d.) eels was compared under basal conditions and under loading (i.e. preload and afterload) challenges. A parallel morphometric evaluation of the ventricle was made using light and transmission electron microscope images. The small eel hearts show a basal cardiac output lower than their large counterparts (heart rate fh, 38.93±2.82 and 52.7±1.8 beats min–1, respectively; stroke volume Vs, 0.27±0.017 and 0.37±0.016 ml kg–1, respectively; means ± s.e.m.). The two groups show similar responses at increasing preload, but differ remarkably at increasing afterload. Small eel hearts decreased Vs at afterload greater than 3 kPa, in contrast to larger hearts, which maintained constant Vs up to 6 kPa. These changes in mechanical performance are related to structural differences. Compared with the small eels, the large eels show an increase in the compacta thickness and in the diameter of the trabeculae in the spongiosa, together with reduction of the lacunary spaces. The increased compacta thickness is attained by enlargements of both the muscular and vascular compartments and reduction of the interstitium; consequently, this layer appears more compacted. Both compacta and spongiosa show higher number of myocytes together with reduced cross-sectional area and myofibrillar compartment. The compacta also shows an increased mitochondrial compartment. Our results document a cardiac morphodynamic remodelling in the growing eel.
Bowen Parameter and Hausdorff Dimension for Expanding Rational Semigroups

We consider the dynamics of rational semigroups (semigroups of rational maps) on the Riemann sphere. We estimate the Bowen parameters (zeros of the pressure functions) and the Hausdorff dimensions of the Julia sets of expanding finitely generated rational semigroups. We show that the Bowen parameter is larger than or equal to the ratio of the entropy of the skew product map $F$ and the Lyapunov exponent of $F$ with respect to the maximal entropy measure for $F$. Moreover, we show that the equality holds if and only if the generators $f_{j}$ are simultaneously conjugate to the form $a_{j}z^{\pm d}$ by a linear fractional transformation. Furthermore, we show that there are plenty of expanding finitely generated rational semigroups such that the Bowen parameter is strictly larger than two.
A Metabonomic Approach to a Unique Detoxification Effect of Co‐use of Euphorbia kansui and Zizyphus jujuba

Euphorbia kansui (EK) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, it possesses toxic effects. The fruits of Zizyphus jujuba (ZJ) are frequently co‐used with EK to reduce EK's toxicity. The present study is to clarify the toxicity of water extract of EK and explore the detox effect of ZJ using 1H NMR‐based metabonomic approach. The water extracts of ZJ, EK and the co‐use of EK and ZJ (CEZ) were orally administered to SD rats at designed doses for 1 week, respectively, and one more week observation was further conducted. Histopathological studies of liver samples from all groups showed no negative impacts. In metabonomic analyses of urines, ZJ showed no toxicity, while significant changes of metabolites indicating liver damages, kidney lesions and imbalance of gut microbes were clearly observed during the second week in EK‐treated rats. Very meaningfully, CEZ clearly indicated that the toxicities appeared at the first week and became weaker, and furthermore, was recovered during the second week. These results clearly demonstrated the rationality of traditional co‐use of EK together with ZJ, and the metabonomic approach should be a promising tool to research the toxicity of TCM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐glycaemic effects mediated via GLP‐1 receptor agonists and the potential for exploiting these for therapeutic benefit: focus on liraglutide

The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) liraglutide and exenatide can improve glycaemic control by stimulating insulin release through pancreatic β‐cells in a glucose‐dependent manner. GLP‐1 receptors are not restricted to the pancreas; therefore, GLP‐1 RAs cause additional non‐glycaemic effects. Preclinical and clinical trial data suggest a multitude of additional beneficial effects related to GLP‐1 RA therapy, including improvements in β‐cell function, systolic blood pressure and body weight. These effects are of a particular advantage to patients with type 2 diabetes, as most are affected by β‐cell dysfunction, obesity and hypertension. Transient gastrointestinal adverse events, such as nausea and diarrhoea, are also common. To improve gastrointestinal tolerability, an incremental dosing approach is used with liraglutide and exenatide twice daily. A potential protective role for GLP‐1 RAs in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems has been suggested from animal studies and short‐term clinical trials. These effects and other safety aspects of GLP‐1 therapy are currently being investigated in ongoing long‐term clinical studies.
Advance Microbial Fuel Cell for Waste to Energy Recovery: Need of Future Era for Sustainable Development:

He did PhD from IIT Kharagpur, India on Scaling up of microbial fuel cell and development of bioelectric toilet. Currently he is working as assistant professor at Department of Agricultural Engineering, MIT Aurangabad, India. He is also serving as associate editor at IJAFE. His main research interest is Microbial fuel cell, Bio electrochemical system, Biological wastewater treatment, Water management.
Towards an Approach to Identify and Assess the Mobile Eligibility of Business Processes

So far, the discussion about the usage of mobile devices in companies was strongly technology driven. However, current mobiledevices and related mobile networks have reached a high level of maturity. For this reason, technological issues are nolonger obstacles for using mobile devices within companies? business processes. From our perspective, identifying businessprocess activities, which can be improved by mobile device support, is currently rather important. The degree of suitability ofbusiness processes for mobile device support is called the mobile eligibility of a business process. Aim of this paper is topresent an approach that supports the systematic analysis and assessment of the mobile eligibility of business processes, takinginto account a set of structured, adaptable criteria to deliberate between potential business values added by mobile devicesand the typical mobile device characteristics.
Preanalytical quality improvement: from dream to reality

Abstract Laboratory diagnostics (i.e., the total testing process) develops conventionally through a virtual loop, originally referred to as “the brain to brain cycle” by George Lundberg. Throughout this complex cycle, there is an inherent possibility that a mistake might occur. According to reliable data, preanalytical errors still account for nearly 60%–70% of all problems occurring in laboratory diagnostics, most of them attributable to mishandling procedures during collection, handling, preparing or storing the specimens. Although most of these would be “intercepted” before inappropriate reactions are taken, in nearly one fifth of the cases they can produce inappropriate investigations and unjustifiable increase in costs, while generating inappropriate clinical decisions and causing some unfortunate circumstances. Several steps have already been undertaken to increase awareness and establish a governance of this frequently overlooked aspect of the total testing process. Standardization and monitoring preanalytical variables is of foremost importance and is associated with the most efficient and well-organized laboratories, resulting in reduced operational costs and increased revenues. As such, this article is aimed at providing readers with significant updates on the total quality management of the preanalytical phase to endeavour further improvement for patient safety throughout this phase of the total testing process.
Improving Performance for Geo-Distributed Data Process in Wide-Area

Many organizations and end sensors produce massive data around the globe. To analyze the data as a whole, the traditional way is to copy all data to a central datacenter for analysis. This is neither practical nor efficient as the huge transfer data size and the limited network bandwidth. What's more, the data privacy may also matters. Instead of transferring data, we believe moving the computation to where the data is can be a better way to solve this problem. In this paper, we design an algorithm for geo-distributed big data process which is both data-aware and network-aware. Considering the computation's characteristics, we take advantage of data dependency to find out the data locality. And use the integer linear programming (ILP) to achieve network-aware. The implementation of our algorithm is on the top of Spark. We improve the performance of geo-distributed data process by 22% in our experiments.
Progestogens in hormonal replacement therapy: new molecules, risks, and benefits

While the benefits of progestogen use in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well recognized as far as endometrial protection is concerned, their risks and drawbacks have generated controversial articles.Several risks are attributed to progestogens as a class-effect; however, the progestogens used in HRT have varying pharmacological properties and do not induce the same side effects. Natural progesterone (P) and some of its derivatives, such as the 19-norprogesterones (Nestorone, nomegestrol acetate, trimegestone), do not bind to the androgen receptor and, hence, do not exert androgenic side effects. Newly synthesized molecules such as drospirenone or dienogest have no androgenic effect but do have a partial antiandrogenic effect. Drospirenone derives from spironolactone and binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor.When the cardiovascular risk factors are considered, some molecules with a higher androgenic potency than others attenuate the beneficial effects of estrogens on the lipid profile as well as the vasomotion. On the other hand, other progestogens devoid of androgenic properties do not exert these deleterious effects. The epidemiological data do not suggest any negative effect of the progestogens administered together with estrogens on cardiovascular morbidity or mortality. However, recent results suggest that in women with established coronary heart disease, HRT may not protect against further heart attacks when the progestogen selected possesses androgenic properties.The data related to the progestogen effect on breast tissue has been interpreted differently from country to country. However, it has been admitted that, according to the type of progestogen used and the dose and duration of its application, a predominant antiproliferative effect is observed in the human breast cells. As far as breast cancer risk is concerned, most epidemiological studies do not suggest any significant difference between the estrogens given alone or combined with progestogens in HRT.Complying with the classic contraindications of HRT and selecting molecules devoid of estrogenic, androgenic, or glucocorticoid effect should allow a larger use of the progestins without any major drawback.
Another History of Violence

A conceptual framework of “geographies of terror” can serve as a critique of contemporary dominant geopolitical discourses on the “war on terror” and as a methodological tool for studying the impact of terror and its spatial manifestations on local populations on the ground. Applying this framework to the study of violence in Colombia's Pacific coast region allows critical engagement with the discourses on “forced displacement” that have become institutionalized in Colombia to refer to the systematic terror campaign unleashed by armed groups on rural black populations in this region. Beyond the usual focus in displacement debates on humanitarian assistance and resettlement of the displaced population in the cities, this framework stresses the need to empirically engage with and conceptually address the situation in the countryside, where rural dwellers are threatened by armed actors on an everyday basis but also resist the imposition of these regimes of terror.
Comparative Properties of Caveolar and Noncaveolar Preparations of Kidney Na+/K+-ATPase

To evaluate previously proposed functions of renal caveolar Na+/K+-ATPase, we modified the standard procedures for the preparation of the purified membrane-bound kidney enzyme, separated the caveolar and noncaveolar pools, and compared their properties. While the subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase (α,β,γ) constituted most of the protein content of the noncaveolar pool, the caveolar pool also contained caveolins and major caveolar proteins annexin-2 tetramer and E-cadherin. Ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+-ATPase activities of the two pools had similar properties and equal molar activities, indicating that the caveolar enzyme retains its ion transport function and does not contain nonpumping enzyme. As minor constituents, both caveolar and noncaveolar pools also contained Src, EGFR, PI3K, and several other proteins known to be involved in stimulous-induced signaling by Na+/K+-ATPase, indicating that signaling function is not limited to the caveolar pool. Endogenous Src was active in both pools but was not further activated by ouabain, calling into question direct interaction of Src with native Na+/K+-ATPase. Chemical cross-linking, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunodetection studies showed that in the caveolar pool, caveolin-1 oligomers, annexin-2 tetramers, and oligomers of the α,β,γ-protomers of Na+/K+-ATPase form a large multiprotein complex. In conjunction with known roles of E-cadherin and the β-subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase in cell adhesion and noted intercellular β,β-contacts within the structure of Na+/K+-ATPase, our findings suggest that interacting caveolar Na+/K+-ATPases located at renal adherens junctions maintain contact of two adjacent cells, conduct essential ion pumping, and are capable of locus-specific signaling in junctional cells.
A 2.5 GHz CMOS fully-integrated /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-controlled fractional-N frequency synthesizer

The design of a fully-integrated /spl Delta//spl Sigma/-controlled fractional-N frequency synthesizer is described. Using a dual modulus 64/72 prescaler based on injection locking technique and a novel third order digital /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator, we achieved an extremely low power synthesizer in 2.5 GHz band. Total power dissipation of the frequency synthesizer is less than 6 mW at a 1.5 V supply. The loop bandwidth is optimized to achieve a -123 dBc/Hz phase noise at 3 MHz offset frequency. The locking time of the loop is less than 30 /spl mu/s.
Designing interfaces for handheld computers

With the handheld computer finally becoming mainstream, there is a need for designers to become informed about the tips and techniques necessary to design effective handheld applications. Many designers are unfamiliar with the unique requirements of handheld computers, and therefore attempt to use desktop metaphors on their designs. This tutorial will introduce design concepts used by the creators of the most popular and easy-to-use handheld computers. It includes designing screens and dialog boxes, designing for speed, using progressive disclosure, and employing benchmarks. It will also demonstrate the difference between designing for the consumer market and the vertical market.
The Clinical Utility of Measuring the Macular Outer Retinal Thickness in Patients with Glaucoma

Purpose Few optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies have investigated outer retinal thickness including the photoreceptor layer in glaucoma. We measured changes in the macular outer retinal thicknesses using OCT in patients with glaucoma with an average follow-up of 2.9 ± 0.8 years. Methods A total of 39 eyes of 39 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were analyzed. The RTVue-100 was used to measure the macular outer retinal, macular ganglion cell complex, and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses, global loss volume, and focal loss volume. Using the paired t test, baseline parameters were compared with those at the last follow-up. Results The average baseline mean deviation value in the Humphrey Field Analyzer was −2.13 dB. The ganglion cell complex thickness significantly decreased over the follow-up period (baseline thickness, 79.66 ± 7.71 μm; final thickness, 76.79 ± 7.39 μm; p<0.001). There were significant differences between baseline and final visit measurements for circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, global loss volume, and focal loss volume (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively). However, there was no significant change in outer retinal thickness (baseline thickness, 167.56 ± 7.26 μm; final thickness, 167.25 ± 7.93 μm; p = 0.540). Conclusions Outer retinal thickness was not altered during the follow-up period. The stability of outer retinal thickness may indicate the reliability of OCT analysis for glaucoma follow-up.
Characteristics of high users of acute psychiatric inpatient services.

Mr. Surber is assistant clinical professor in the department of psychiatry of the University of California, San Francisco. Ms. Winider is director of psychiatnc nursing and Ms. Monteleone is associate director of psychiatnc inpatient services at San Francisco General Hospital. Dr. Havassy is assistant professor, Dr. Goldfinger is assistant cliniby AM Nicholi. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1978 4. Kauffman C, Grunebaum H, Cohler B, et al: Superkids: competent children of psychotic mothers. American Journal ofPsychiatry 136:1398-1402, 1979 5. Waldo MC, Roath M, Freedman R: Schizophrenia and parenting. Presented at the American Psychiatric Association annual meeting, Washington, DC, May 10-16, 1986 6. Grunebaum H, Cohler B, Kauffman C, et al: Children ofdepressed and schizophrenic mothers. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 8:219-228, 1978 7. Goodman SH: Children of emotionally disturbed mothers: problems and alternatives. Children Today, March-April 1984, pp 6-9 8. Liberman RP, Wallace CJ, Vaughn CE, et al: Social and family factors in the course of schizophrenia: towards an interpersonal problem-solving therapy for schizophrenics and their families, in The Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia. Edited by Strauss JS, Bowers M, Downey TW, et al. New York, Plenum, 1980