Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive facial expression recognition using inter-modal top-down context

The role of context in recognizing a person's affect is being increasingly studied. In particular, context arising from the presence of multi-modal information such as faces, speech and head pose has been used in recent studies to recognize facial expressions. In most approaches, the modalities are independently considered and the effect of one modality on the other, which we call inter-modal influence (e.g. speech or head pose modifying the facial appearance) is not modeled. In this paper, we describe a system that utilizes context from the presence of such inter-modal influences to recognize facial expressions. To do so, we use 2-D contextual masks which are activated within the facial expression recognition pipeline depending on the prevailing context. We also describe a framework called the Context Engine. The Context Engine offers a scalable mechanism for extending the current system to address additional modes of context that may arise during human-machine interactions. Results on standard data sets demonstrate the utility of modeling inter-modal contextual effects in recognizing facial expressions.
M2-polarized macrophages promote metastatic behavior of Lewis lung carcinoma cells by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression

OBJECTIVES: Tumor-associated macrophages that generally exhibit an alternatively activated (M2) phenotype have been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. However, the role of M2-polarized macrophages in the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma remains enigmatic. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of M2 macrophages on the proliferation and migration of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis. METHODS: Trypan blue staining and the Transwell migration assay were performed to evaluate the effects of activated (M1 or M2) macrophages on the proliferation and migration of Lewis cells. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in Lewis cells and nitric oxide secretion from activated macrophages were detected during the co-culture assay. Following treatment with activated macrophages, lymphatic endothelial cells differentiated into capillary-like structures, and the induction of Lewis cell migration was assessed using a two-dimensional Matrigel-based assay. RESULTS: In the co-culture Transwell system, the proliferation and migration of Lewis cells were promoted by M2 macrophages. Moreover, the co-culture significantly increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C by Lewis cells and reduced the secretion of nitric oxide from M2 macrophages, which subsequently led to the capillary morphogenesis of lymphatic endothelial cells. Interestingly, following co-culture with Lewis cells, the function of RAW264.7 cells was polarized toward that of the M2 macrophage phenotype. CONCLUSION: M2-polarized macrophages promoted the metastatic behavior of Lewis cells by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression. Thus, the interruption of signaling between M2 macrophages and Lewis cells may be considered to be a new therapeutic strategy.
Convergence of Numerical Approximations of the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations with Variable Density and Viscosity

We consider numerical approximations of incompressible Newtonian fluids having variable, possibly discontinuous, density and viscosity. Since solutions of the equations with variable density and viscosity may not be unique, numerical schemes may not converge. If the solution is unique, then approximate solutions computed using the discontinuous Galerkin method to approximate the convection of the density and stable finite element approximations of the momentum equation converge to the solution. If the solution is not unique, a subsequence of these approximate solutions will converge to a solution.
Duvall-Structure-Based Fast Adaptive Beamforming for Coherent Interference Cancellation

We present a new adaptive beamforming method for coherent interference cancellation, which is based on the Duvall-structure to remove the desired signal component from the received signal. The proposed beamformer can suppress as many as M/2 coherent interferences for even M, where M is the number of array sensors, though the Duval beamformer can suppress a single coherent interference only. Simulation results show that it converges to the steady-state very quickly.
A Nonlinear Model and an Optimization Algorithm to Infer Genetic Interactions

An S-shape model and an optimization algorithm (GASA) are developed to infer genetic interactions and transcriptional regulation of a few genes simultaneously using microarray gene expression data (MGED). GASA consists of a genetic algorithm and a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm, which is enhanced by a steepest gradient descent algorithm to avoid being trapped in local minimum. An application of GASA is demonstrated, in which a subnetwork of human T-cell apoptosis is inferred. Several predicted interactions are supported by literature.
Overexpression of Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase-α1 Stabilizes but Increases Shear Stress-Induced Atherosclerotic Plaque in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

The rupture and erosion of atherosclerotic plaque can induce coronary thrombosis. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase (P4H) plays a central role in the synthesis of all known types of collagens, which are the most abundant constituent of the extracellular matrix in atherosclerotic plaque. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is thought to be in part caused by shear stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate a relationship between P4Hα1 and shear stress-induced atherosclerotic plaque. Carotid arteries of ApoE−/− mice were exposed to low and oscillatory shear stress conditions by the placement of a shear stress cast for 2 weeks; we divided 60 male ApoE−/− mice into three groups for treatments with saline (mock) (n = 20), empty lentivirus (lenti-EGFP) (n = 20), and lentivirus-P4Hα1 (lenti-P4Hα1) (n = 20). Our results reveal that after 2 weeks of lenti-P4Hα1 treatment both low and oscillatory shear stress-induced plaques increased collagen and the thickness of fibrous cap and decreased macrophage accumulation but no change in lipid accumulation. We also observed that overexpression of P4Ha1 increased plaque size. Our study suggests that P4Hα1 overexpression might be a potential therapeutic target in stabilizing vulnerable plaques.
Resourceful scheme of ECG compression using different Wavelet transforms and PDLZW method

The proposed method brings out a combination of Parallel Dictionary Lempel-Ziv-Welch (PDLZW) method and the wavelet transform to attain very efficient ECG data compression. There are different types of wavelet families whose qualities vary according to several criteria. Initially the electrocardiogram signal is wavelet transformed. Then encoding and decoding is done using PDLZW method. Compression using PDLZW method can accomplish highest compression ratio. Also the PDLZW decompression uses fixed coding size, its implementation is faster. While decompressing, the memory requirement is very low. The wavelet transform is put into effect in regulating sub bands for the ideal restoration of the signals. The proposed method is forceful with respect to noise and has good compression ratio. It has excellent restoration quality and small computational complexity. The proposed compression schemes have continued effort in ECG data transmission through communication sources and in ECG signal collection. This paper compares the compression of ECG with different types of wavelets.
EVOLVING ORTHOGONAL DECISION TREES

A descent device for sliding frictional engagement with a rope and including an elongate vertical shaft with a head structure at the upper end of the shaft and a base structure at the lower end of the shaft. Both structures contain u-shaped, rope receiving slots having an inner wall and opposed side walls. A removable tubular shell extends over the head and base structures to close the rope-receiving slots. One of said rope-receiving slots contains a brake shoe which is movable between a retracted position in which the outer surface thereof is contiguous with the inner wall of the slot and an extended position in which said outer surface is adjacent to the tubular shell so as to retain the rope between said shell and the brake shoe. The brake shoe is yieldably biased toward the extended position, and an external handle is provided for manually moving the brake shoe to the retracted position. A bale wire can also be provided on the shell for maintaining the handle in the retracted position, and an adjusting screw can also be provided adjacent the brake shoe actuating rod to maintain the brake shoe in selected adjusted positions between the retracted position and the fully extended position.
Fundamental differences between the methods of maximum likelihood and maximum posterior probability in phylogenetics.

Using a four-taxon example under a simple model of evolution, we show that the methods of maximum likelihood and maximum posterior probability (which is a Bayesian method of inference) may not arrive at the same optimal tree topology. Some patterns that are separately uninformative under the maximum likelihood method are separately informative under the Bayesian method. We also show that this difference has impact on the bootstrap frequencies and the posterior probabilities of topologies, which therefore are not necessarily approximately equal. Efron et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13429-13434, 1996) stated that bootstrap frequencies can, under certain circumstances, be interpreted as posterior probabilities. This is true only if one includes a non-informative prior distribution of the possible data patterns, and most often the prior distributions are instead specified in terms of topology and branch lengths. [Bayesian inference; maximum likelihood method; Phylogeny; support. ].
The NonAbelian Born-Infeld action through order alpha-prime 3

Using the method developed in hep-th/0103015, we determine the non-abelian Born-Infeld action through (α'3). We start from solutions to a Yang-Mills theory which define a stable holomorphic vector bundle. In D-brane context this corresponds to BPS configurations in the limit of small background fields. Subsequently we investigate its deformation away from this limit. Through (α'2), a unique, modulo field redefinitions, solution emerges. At (α'3) we find a one-parameter family of allowed deformations. The presence of derivative terms turns out to be essential. Finally, we present a detailed comparison of our results to existing, partial results.
Neurochemical and Behavioral Responses to Cocaine in Adult Male Rats with Neonatal Isolation Experience

Our research demonstrates that neonatal isolation (ISO; 1 h/day isolation; postnatal days 2–9) enhances extracellular, ventral striatal dopamine (DA) responses to psychostimulants in infant and juvenile rats. In adult rats, we find ISO facilitates acquisition and maintenance of cocaine self-administration. We now test whether ISO enhances cocaine-induced accumbens DA levels in adults using in vivo microdialysis. Behavioral responses to cocaine and DA antagonists were also examined. Adult male rats were derived from litters subjected to ISO or nonhandled (NH) control conditions. In experiment 1, microdialysis probes were aimed at accumbens core and separate groups administered vehicle or cocaine (5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.). Samples were analyzed for DA levels via high-performance liquid chromatography. In experiment 2, ISO and NH rats were administered one of these cocaine doses, and locomotor activity was assessed. Effects of cocaine (0.3–30 mg/kg), the D1 antagonist SCH23390 [R-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (0.003–0.03 mg/kg)], and the D2 antagonist eticlopride (0.01–0.1 mg/kg) on disruption of responding for food were examined in experiment 3. Cocaine plasma levels were assessed in experiment 4. ISO enhanced cocaine-induced increases in accumbens DA levels. Furthermore, the D2, but not D1, antagonist disrupted behavior to a greater extent in ISO versus NH rats. Yet, ISO did not significantly alter behavioral responses to cocaine or cocaine plasma levels. These data show that the ability of ISO to enhance accumbens DA responses to cocaine endures into adulthood. Moreover, that ISO rats are more sensitive to a D2 antagonist may reflect decreased levels of this receptor type as we showed previously in infant rats.
GPU-Based Fast Minimum Spanning Tree Using Data Parallel Primitives

Minimum spanning tree is a classical problem in graph theory that plays a key role in a broad domain of applications.This paper proposes a minimum spanning tree algorithm using Prim's approach on Nvidia GPU under CUDA architecture. By using new developed GPU-based Min-Reduction data parallel primitive in the key step of the algorithm, higher efficiency is achieved. Experimental results show that we obtain about 2 times speedup on Nvidia GTX260 GPU over the CPU implementation and 3 times speedup over non-primitives GPU implementation.
Comparison of ClO measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder to ground‐based microwave measurements at Scott Base, Antarctica, in spring 2005

[1] We have examined measurements of chlorine monoxide, ClO, in the lower stratosphere by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite in the austral spring of 2005. These measurements have been compared to those of a ground-based spectrometer at Scott Base, Antarctica. The data analysis is performed in both cases by subtracting nighttime measurements from daytime ones. The transition from full darkness to full daylight at the high latitude of Scott Base limits the time during which both day and night measurements are made. After further selection for good observing conditions and the position of the polar vortex, 16 valid profile comparisons are made. The day-to-day variability of ClO is observed to be large, ∼30% of its peak value. The daily column densities of the two instruments are correlated with a significance of 3σ with most of the mean difference arising from 2 days. The statistical agreement between MLS and the Scott Base instrument is good. Scott Base values are on average marginally but not significantly larger, by 0.10 ± 0.07 ppb, or 11 ± 8% (1σ), in peak mixing ratio, than the MLS values.
Pricing Stock Options with Stochastic Interest Rate

This paper constructs a closed-form generalization of the Black-Scholes model for the case where the short-term interest rate follows a stochastic Gaussian process. Capturing this additional source of uncertainty appears to have a considerable effect on option prices. We show that the value of the stock option increases with the volatility of the interest rate and with time to maturity. Our empirical tests support the theoretical model and demonstrate a significant pricing improvement relative to the Black-Scholes model. The magnitude of the improvement is a positive function of the option's time to maturity, the largest improvement being obtained for around-the-money options.
Antihyperglycemic Effect of Methanol Extract of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Leaf in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Syzygium polyanthum (S. polyanthum), a plant belonging to Myrtaceae, is widely used in Indonesian and Malaysian cuisines. Diabetic patients in Indonesia also commonly use it as a traditional medicine. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of the methanol extract (ME) of S. polyanthum leaf and its possible mechanisms of action. To test for hypoglycemic activity, ME was administered orally to normal male Sprague Dawley rats after a 12-h fast. To further test for antihyperglycemic activity, the same treatment was administered to glucose-loaded (intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, IPGTT) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, respectively. Hypoglycemic test in normal rats did not show significant reduction in blood glucose levels (BGLs) by the extract. Furthermore, IPGTT conducted on glucose-loaded normal rats also did not show significant reduction of BGLs. However, repeated administration of metformin and three doses of ME (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for six days caused significant reduction of fasting BGLs in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The possible mechanisms of action of S. polyanthum antihyperglycemic activity were assessed by measurement of intestinal glucose absorption and glucose uptake by isolated rat abdominal muscle. It was found that the extract not only inhibited glucose absorption from the intestine but also significantly increased glucose uptake in muscle tissue. A preliminary phytochemical qualitative analysis of ME indicated the presence of tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and saponins. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis detected squalene. In conclusion, S. polyanthum methanol leaf extract exerts its antihyperglycemic effect possibly by inhibiting glucose absorption from the intestine and promoting glucose uptake by the muscles.
Predicting the impacts of climate change on a globally distributed species: the case of the loggerhead turtle

SUMMARY Marine turtles utilise terrestrial and marine habitats and several aspects of their life history are tied to environmental features that are altering due to rapid climate change. We overview the likely impacts of climate change on the biology of these species, which are likely centred upon the thermal ecology of this taxonomic group. Then, focusing in detail on three decades of research on the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta L.), we describe how much progress has been made to date and how future experimental and ecological focus should be directed. Key questions include: what are the current hatchling sex ratios from which to measure future climate-induced changes? What are wild adult sex ratios and how many males are necessary to maintain a fertile and productive population? How will climate change affect turtles in terms of their distribution?
Class Model Normalization - Outperforming Formal Concept Analysis Approaches with AOC-posets

Designing or reengineering class models in the domain of programming or modeling involves capturing technical and domain con- cepts, finding the right abstractions and avoiding duplications. Making this last task in a systematic way corresponds to a kind of model nor- malization. Several approaches have been proposed, that all converge towards the use of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). An extension of FCA to linked data, Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) helped to mine better reusable abstractions. But RCA relies on iteratively building con- cept lattices, which may cause a combinatorial explosion in the number of the built artifacts. In this paper, we investigate the use of an alterna- tive RCA process, relying on a specific sub-order of the concept lattice (AOC-poset) which preserves the most relevant part of the normal form. We measure, on case studies from Java models extracted from Java code and from UML models, the practical reduction that AOC-posets bring to the normal form of the class model.
A Novel Available Bandwidth Measurement Method Based on the Pathload

In this paper, we present a new available bandwidth measurement method with the characters of fast-convergence and high-accuracy, which is the improvement of Pathload. Pathload sends probe stream at specific rate and estimates the available bandwidth from the inference of self-induced congestion. Contrary to traditional Pathload method, the new method infers the congestion from two parameters, which are based on the one-way delay variation. The first parameter which indicates the trend of one-way delay can make the available bandwidth more accuracy than the Pathload, and the second parameter makes the measurment procedure very fast which does not induce congestion to cross-traffic. We test our method in controlled enviroment using NS2 and compare it with the Pathload. The results show that our new method provides high accurate available bandwidth with fast convergence.
Mechanisms of X Chromosome Dosage Compensation

In many animals, males have one X and females have two X chromosomes. The difference in X chromosome dosage between the two sexes is compensated by mechanisms that regulate X chromosome transcription. Recent advances in genomic techniques have provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of X chromosome dosage compensation. In this review, I summarize our current understanding of dosage imbalance in general, and then review the molecular mechanisms of X chromosome dosage compensation with an emphasis on the parallels and differences between the three well-studied model systems, M. musculus, D. melanogaster and C. elegans.
McSimA+: A manycore simulator with application-level+ simulation and detailed microarchitecture modeling

With their significant performance and energy advantages, emerging manycore processors have also brought new challenges to the architecture research community. Manycore processors are highly integrated complex system-on-chips with complicated core and uncore subsystems. The core subsystems can consist of a large number of traditional and asymmetric cores. The uncore subsystems have also become unprecedentedly powerful and complex with deeper cache hierarchies, advanced on-chip interconnects, and high-performance memory controllers. In order to conduct research for emerging manycore processor systems, a microarchitecture-level and cycle-level manycore simulation infrastructure is needed. This paper introduces McSimA+, a new timing simulation infrastructure, to meet these needs. McSimA+ models x86based asymmetric manycore microarchitectures in detail for both core and uncore subsystems, including a full spectrum of asymmetric cores from single-threaded to multithreaded and from in-order to out-of-order, sophisticated cache hierarchies, coherence hardware, on-chip interconnects, memory controllers, and main memory. McSimA+ is an application-level+ simulator, offering a middle ground between a full-system simulator and an application-level simulator. Therefore, it enjoys the light weight of an application-level simulator and the full control of threads and processes as in a full-system simulator. This paper also explores an asymmetric clustered manycore architecture that can reduce the thread migration cost to achieve a noticeable performance improvement compared to a state-of-the-art asymmetric manycore architecture.
Individual Risk Factors Associated with Increased Levels of Restricted Housing among Detained Youth

ABSTRACT The current study examined individual characteristics as potential risk factors associated with increased levels of restrictive housing among detained youth. Data was analyzed from 129 youth who completed measures in a survey format upon their arrival to the facility. Data also included facility records regarding the rates of Tier 2 (e.g., day room restrictions) and Tier 3 (e.g., lockdowns and restraints) restrictive housing interventions. Findings indicated that more days in detention and low levels of perceived containment were associated with increased risk for and an increased number of both Tier 2 and Tier 3 interventions. Findings and their implications are discussed.