Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of optically pumped magnetometers in presurgical epilepsy evaluation: Commentary of the American Clinical Magnetoencephalography Society

One of the major challenges of modern epileptology is the underutilization of epilepsy surgery for treatment of patients with focal, medication resistant epilepsy (MRE). Aggravating this distressing failure to deliver optimum care to these patients is the underuse of proven localizing tools, such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), a clinically validated, non‐invasive, neurophysiological method used to directly measure and localize brain activity. A sizable mass of published evidence indicates that MEG can improve identification of surgical candidates and guide pre‐surgical planning, increasing the yield of SEEG and improving operative outcomes. However, despite at least 10 common, evidence supported, clinical scenarios in MRE patients where MEG can offer non‐redundant information and improve the pre‐surgical evaluation, it is regularly used by only a minority of USA epilepsy centers.
Split‐step time‐domain modeling of dual‐mode DFB laser diode for terahertz wave generation

A split‐step time‐domain modeling is applied to investigate the characteristics of dual‐mode distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode (LD) for terahertz (THz) wave generation. The THz wave generation from 163 to 1,378 GHz by proper thermo‐optic tuning and initial detuning combination is effectively simulated, which is qualitatively analogous to the experimental results. It is shown that the residual facet reflectivity should be below 0.003 to suppress the facet‐to‐facet cavity modes and provide good spectral quality. The time‐domain simulation tool could be incorporated into future THz fiber‐optic communication systems.
Transferring photolithography patterns to arbitrary substrates with graphene or gelatin

There is increasing interest in applying microfabrication techniques to a wide variety of non-traditional substrates including curved substrates and bio-relevant substrates. Photolithography is a standard microfabrication technique, but its use on non-planar substrates is hampered by the requirement to supply a constant illumination across a curved surface, and transparent curved surfaces are often completely inaccessible to photopatterning. Here, we demonstrate an approach where the photolithography is performed and developed on a planar surface and the completed photopattern is then transferred to an arbitrary substrate. We achieve this transfer using two different release layers: a graphene-based layer which can produce closed windows, and a gelatin-based layer which produces open windows. In the gelatin case, we show that we can pattern gold features directly on a curved substrate with at least 2-μm fidelity. This capability enables use of photolithography for direct patterning of electronically relevant materials onto transparent curved surfaces.
Wideband reciprocity tunable electromagnetically induced transparency in complementary graphene metasurface

A reciprocity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect can be obtained in the complementary graphene metasurface structure. The EIT spectra can be obtained whether the excitation was input from a positive or reverse direction. The transmission of the structure which consisted of a graphene square (GS) and the graphene circle of hollowed air square (GCHAS) placed on the top and bottom of the polyimide layer was discussed. A wideband EIT window was found in the structure of GCHAS as bright mode and GS as dark mode by the finite integration time domain method. The EIT effect can be tuned by the chemical potential, the electron-phonon relaxation time of graphene, and the widths of GCHAS and GS, respectively. The polarization insensitive EIT effect can be obtained. The transmission mechanism is interpreted by giving the electric and magnetic field distributions at certain frequencies. The effective permittivity of the structure was calculated by method of inversion. These results can be applied for many areas, such as wideband wavelength slow-light devices, active plasmon switching and bidirectional devices.
Design and Optimization Procedure of a Mechanical-Offset Complementary-Stator Flux-Reversal Permanent-Magnet Machine

This paper presents the design and optimization procedure of a novel mechanical-offset complementary-stator flux-reversal (MOCS-FRPM) machine. First, based on the original topologies, the pole-pair and flux modulation pole optimizations contribute to the high power density, efficiency, and larger torque capacity for the machine design. Second, based on the 2-D optimization results, the 3-D mechanical-offset structures are adopted for the torque ripple suppression. In fact, compared with the 3-D non-offset machine, the rotor mechanical-offset topology possesses the better torque performance, which can decrease the torque ripple by 34.6%, and with a slight 6.4% reduction of the torque average. Thus, through the proposed optimization procedure, the new complementary-stator machine accommodates the merits of the large torque capacity, low torque ripple, high efficiency, and high reliability. Also, the artful incorporation of the 2-D and 3-D optimizations leads to the reduced computation time and higher optimization efficiency.
Epigenetic coordination of transcriptional and translational programs in hypoxia

Adaptation to stresses entails coordination of transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation, but the mechanisms remain largely unknown. We interrogated the effects of hypoxia on transcriptomes, epigenomes and translatomes of T47D breast cancer cells and H9 human embryonic stem cells. This revealed hypoxia-induced alterations in H3K4me3 associating with pervasive changes in transcription start site (TSS) selection, leading to 5’UTR remodeling and a concomitant reshaping of translational landscapes. Importantly, this epigenetically driven reprogramming of translation is distinct from HIF1-dependent transcriptional mechanisms, and TSS switching appears to occur independently of alterations in transcript abundance. While TSS switching is coordinated with the integrated stress response (ISR) and mTOR-guided translational reprogramming, it also acts independently to regulate translation in hypoxia. Moreover, comparable TSS switching was observed following H3K4me3 accumulation in the absence of hypoxia, pinpointing H3K4me3 as underlying TSS selection. These results demonstrate a previously unappreciated mechanism of translational regulation driven by epigenetic reprogramming of the 5’UTRome, which is orchestrated with other hypoxia-triggered adaptive mechanisms.
Detecting ChatGPT-Generated Code in a CS1 Course

The emergence of ChatGPT has raised concerns about students potentially using it for cheating. Computer Science (CS) educators are becoming worried because of the potential short and long-term adverse effects it might have on students. However, it is unclear to what extent ChatGPT-generated code can be distinguished from student-written code in introductory programming courses. In this work, we analyze how well student-written and ChatGPT-generated code can be automatically distinguished. We use an openly available dataset of student program solutions for CS1 assignments and have ChatGPT generate code for the same assignments. We evaluate the performance of both traditional machine learning models, such as SVM and XGBoost, as well as Abstract Syntax Tree-based deep learning models, such as code2vec and ASTNN, in distinguishing between student and ChatGPT code. The results suggest that both traditional machine learning models and AST-based deep learning models can be very effective in detecting whether a student or ChatGPT wrote the code in an educational setting with accuracies higher than 90%.
Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Cardiovascular Risk Management in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a greater risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Since cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality all over the world, we need to find more efficient measures to control this risk in the diabetes population in addition to conventional glycemic control. In this systematic review, we aim to explore the latest findings on the cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar as the main sources for data collection. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 recommendations for conducting this review. The outcomes of interest included mortality due to cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, effects on cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure, and development of arrhythmias. After thorough literature screening and quality analysis, 14 articles were finally included for qualitative synthesis. GLP-1 receptor agonists appeared to be effective in reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. They were found to reduce the risk of composite major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) outcomes by 12-14% when compared to placebo. Their role in preventing heart failure and arrhythmias is uncertain, and further trials are needed to confirm the same. The cardiovascular outcomes of GLP-1/GIP dual agonists are currently under investigation. Studies completed to date show that they do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease when compared to placebo.
Multi-omic profiling of pathogen-stimulated primary immune cells

We performed long-read transcriptome and proteome profiling of pathogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors to discover new transcript and protein isoforms expressed during immune responses to diverse pathogens. Long-read transcriptome profiling reveals novel sequences and isoform switching induced upon pathogen stimulation, including transcripts that are difficult to detect using traditional short-read sequencing. Widespread loss of intron retention occurs as a common result of all pathogen stimulations. We highlight novel transcripts of NFKB1 and CASP1 that may indicate novel immunological mechanisms. RNA expression differences did not result in differences in the amounts of secreted proteins. Clustering analysis of secreted proteins revealed a correlation between chemokine (receptor) expression on the RNA and protein levels in C. albicans- and Poly(I:C)-stimulated PBMCs. Isoform aware long-read sequencing of pathogen-stimulated immune cells highlights the potential of these methods to identify novel transcripts, revealing a more complex transcriptome landscape than previously appreciated.
Investigation of the effects of upper extremity home exercises on grip strength, range of motion, activity performance, and functionality in individuals with systemic sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of upper extremity home exercises on grip strength, range of motion, activity performance, and functionality in individuals with systemic sclerosis and to compare with patient education. METHODS: A total of 46 individuals with systemic sclerosis (55.52±11.54 years) were included. Individuals were randomly assigned into intervention (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. Dynamometer, goniometer, Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Score for Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatic Affections of the Hands, and Duruoz Hand Index were used for evaluation. RESULTS: Post-treatment, in terms of delta (Δ) values, hand grip and pinch strengths (p: 0.000-0.016), active (p: 0.000-0.032) and passive (p: 0.000-0.043) total range of motions, Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement performance and satisfaction, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, Score for Assessment and Quantification of Chronic Rheumatic Affections of the Hands, and Duruoz Hand Index (p: 0.000) were in favor of the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Upper extremity home exercises increase grip strength, range of motion, activity performance, and functionality in patients with systemic sclerosis. We recommend that rehabilitation programs include not only hand exercises but also upper extremity exercises.
Rapid production of silver nanofibers using a self-reducing solution

Silver nanofibers (Ag NFs) have gained considerable attention because of their high transmittance resulting from the size effect, excellent electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties. However, synthesizing high-quality Ag NFs remains a challenge. This paper reports a novel self-reducing solution that contains platinum nanoparticles for the rapid production of Ag NFs. The method involves generating the precursor NFs and heating them in air, which reduces silver nitrate to Ag NFs within a few minutes. The as-prepared solution is characterized by its simple preparation, cost-effectiveness, and broad applicability. Additionally, the use of high-pressure airflow to directly spin the solution and a complete self-reduction system that does not depend on external conditions broadens the application prospects of the as-developed solution. Furthermore, we provide insights into the self-reduction mechanism and guidance on the preparation of self-reducing solutions.
Neural Network-Based Cooperative Identification for a Class of Unknown Nonlinear Systems via Event-Triggered Communication

In this paper, a neural network (NN)-based distributed cooperative identification strategy with event-triggered communication is studied for a group of coupled identical nonlinear systems. We develop a distributed cooperative learning law in the context of event-triggered communication, where an agent will transmit its NN weights to its neighbors only when its weight trigger error norm exceeds an exponentially decreasing threshold. It is proven that the estimated weights of all radial basis function NNs converge to a small neighborhood of their optimal values. Therefore, the unknown nonlinear function is approximated along the union of all the system trajectories. It is further proven that there exists a positive minimum interevent interval and Zeno behavior can be avoided. Finally, we give a simulation example to demonstrate these features.
SMAD signaling pathway is disrupted by BPA via the AMH receptor in bovine granulosa cells

Abstract Significant events that determine oocyte competence occur during follicular growth and oocyte maturation. The anti-Mullerian hormone, a positive predictor of fertility, has been shown to be affected by exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds, such as bisphenol A and S. However, the interaction between bisphenols and SMAD proteins, mediators of the anti-Mullerian hormone pathway, has not yet been elucidated. AMH receptor (AMHRII) and downstream SMAD expression was investigated in bovine granulosa cells treated with bisphenol A, bisphenol S, and then competitively with the anti-Mullerian hormone. Here, we show that 24-h bisphenol A exposure in granulosa cells significantly increased SMAD1, SMAD4, and SMAD5 mRNA expression. No significant changes were observed in AMHRII or SMADs protein expression after 24-h treatment. Following 12-h treatments with bisphenol A (alone or with the anti-Mullerian hormone), a significant increase in SMAD1 and SMAD4 mRNA expression was observed, while a significant decrease in SMAD1 and phosphorylated SMAD1 was detected at the protein level. To establish a functional link between bisphenols and the anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway, antisense oligonucleotides were utilized to suppress AMHRII expression with or without bisphenol exposure. Initially, transfection conditions were optimized and validated with a 70% knockdown achieved. Our findings show that bisphenol S exerts its effects independently of the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor, while bisphenol A may act directly through the anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathway providing a potential mechanism by which bisphenols may exert their actions to disrupt follicular development and decrease oocyte competence. Summary Sentence Bisphenol A affects the anti-Mullerian hormone signaling pathways by disrupting SMAD downstream effector proteins via the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor in bovine granulosa cells, while its analog, bisphenol S, may exert its effects independently of the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor. Graphical Abstract
C-Terminal PEGylation Improves SAAP-148 Peptide’s Immunomodulatory Activities

Synthetic antibacterial and anti-biofilm peptide (SAAP)-148 was developed to combat bacterial infections not effectively treatable with current antibiotics. SAAP-148 is highly effective against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria without inducing resistance; however, challenges for further development of SAAP-148 include its cytotoxicity and short circulation half-life. To circumvent these drawbacks, a library of SAAP-148 linked to polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups of various lengths was synthesized and screened for in vitro antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity. Results indicated that PEGylated SAAP-148 variants combine antibacterial activities with reduced hemolysis compared to SAAP-148. Interestingly, proinflammatory immunomodulatory activities of SAAP-148 were enhanced upon C-terminal PEGylation, with SAAP-148-PEG27 showing the most effect. SAAP-148-PEG27 enhanced SAAP-148’s capacity to chemoattract human neutrophils and was able to more efficiently (re)direct M-CSF-induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation toward type 1 macrophages as opposed to SAAP-148. Furthermore, dendritic cells with a stronger mature expression profile were produced if monocytes were exposed to SAAP-148-PEG27 during monocyte-immature dendritic cell differentiation in comparison to SAAP-148. Parameters that influenced the immunomodulatory activities of the peptide-PEG conjugate include (i) the length of the PEG group, (ii) the position of PEG conjugation, and (iii) the peptide sequence. Together, these results indicate that SAAP-148-PEG27 is highly effective in redirecting monocyte-macrophage differentiation toward a proinflammatory phenotype and promoting monocyte-mature dendritic cell development. Therefore, SAAP-148-PEG27 may be a promising agent to modulate inadequate immune responses in case of tumors and chronically infected wounds.
Aalborg Universitet Practical Implementation of a Graphics Turing Test

We present a practical implementation of a variation of the Turing Test for realistic computer graphics. The test determines whether virtual representations of objects appear as real as genuine objects. Two experiments were conducted wherein a real object and a similar virtual object is presented to test subjects under specific restrictions. A criterion for passing the test is presented based on the probability for the subjects to be unable to recognise a computer generated object as virtual. The experiments show that the specific setup can be used to determine the quality of virtual reality graphics. Based on the results from these experiments, future versions of the Graphics Turing Test could ease the restrictions currently necessary in order to test object telepresence under more general conditions. Furthermore, the test could be used to determine the minimum requirements to achieve object telepresence.
The Topology and Geometry of Neural Representations

A central question for neuroscience is how to characterize brain representations of perceptual and cognitive content. An ideal characterization should distinguish different functional regions with robustness to noise and idiosyncrasies of individual brains that do not correspond to computational differences. Previous studies have characterized brain representations by their representational geometry, which is defined by the representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM), a summary statistic that abstracts from the roles of individual neurons (or responses channels) and characterizes the discriminability of stimuli. Here we explore a further step of abstraction: from the geometry to the topology of brain representations. We propose topological representational similarity analysis (tRSA), an extension of representational similarity analysis (RSA) that uses a family of geo-topological summary statistics that generalizes the RDM to characterize the topology while de-emphasizing the geometry. We evaluate this new family of statistics in terms of the sensitivity and specificity for model selection using both simulations and functional MRI (fMRI) data. In the simulations, the ground truth is a data-generating layer representation in a neural network model and the models are the same and other layers in different model instances (trained from different random seeds). In fMRI, the ground truth is a visual area and the models are the same and other areas measured in different subjects. Results show that topology-sensitive characterizations of population codes are robust to noise and interindividual variability and maintain excellent sensitivity to the unique representational signatures of different neural network layers and brain regions.
Benchmark of tools for in silico prediction of MHC class I and class II genotypes from NGS data

The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes are a group of highly polymorphic genes that are located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region on chromosome 6. The HLA genotype affects the presentability of tumour antigens to the immune system. While knowledge of these genotypes is of utmost importance to study differences in immune responses between cancer patients, gold standard, PCR-derived genotypes are rarely available in large Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) datasets. Therefore, a variety of methods for in silico NGS-based HLA genotyping have been developed, bypassing the need to determine these genotypes with separate experiments. However, there is currently no consensus on the best performing tool. Here, we compiled a list of 13 HLA callers and evaluated their accuracy on three different datasets. Based on these results, best-practice guidelines were constructed, and consensus HLA allele predictions were made for DNA and RNA samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).
Superior white electroluminescent devices using nitrogen-doped carbon dots/TiO2 nanorods heterostructures

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs), exhibiting strong yellow emission in aqueous solution and solid matrices, have been utilized for fabricating heterostructure white electroluminescence devices. These devices consist of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as an emissive layer sandwiched between an organic hole transport layer (PEDOT:PSS) and an array of rutile TiO2 nanorods, acting as an electron transport layer. Under an applied forward bias of 5 V, the device exhibits broadband electroluminescence covering the wavelength range of 390–900 nm, resulting in pure white light emission characteristics at room temperature. The result demonstrates the successful fabrication of all solution-processed, low-cost, eco-friendly NCDs-based LEDs with CIE (Commission Internationale d’Éclairage) coordinate of (0.31, 0.34) and color rendering index (CRI) > 90, which are close to ideal white light emission characteristics. The device functionalities are achieved based on defect-related NIR emission from TiO2 nanorods array and visible emission from nitrogen-doped carbon dots. This result paves a new opportunity to develop low-cost, solution-processed nitrogen-doped carbon dots based on warm White light emitting diodes with high CRI for large-area display and lighting applications.