Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonhydrostatic nested climate modeling: A case study of the 2010 summer season over the western United States

The potential importance of local‐scale climate phenomena motivates development of approaches to enable computationally feasible nonhydrostatic climate simulations. To that end, we evaluate the potential viability of nested nonhydrostatic model approaches, using the summer climate of the western United States (WUSA) as a case study. We use the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model to carry out five simulations of summer 2010. This suite allows us to test differences between nonhydrostatic and hydrostatic resolutions, single and multiple nesting approaches, and high‐ and low‐resolution reanalysis boundary conditions. WRF simulations were evaluated against station observations, gridded observations, and reanalysis data over domains that cover the 11 WUSA states at nonhydrostatic grid spacing of 4 km and hydrostatic grid spacing of 25 km and 50 km. Results show that the nonhydrostatic simulations more accurately resolve the heterogeneity of surface temperature, precipitation, and wind speed features associated with the topography and orography of the WUSA region. In addition, we find that the simulation in which the nonhydrostatic grid is nested directly within the regional reanalysis exhibits the greatest overall agreement with observational data. Results therefore indicate that further development of nonhydrostatic nesting approaches is likely to yield important insights into the response of local‐scale climate phenomena to increases in global greenhouse gas concentrations. However, the biases in regional precipitation, atmospheric circulation, and moisture flux identified in a subset of the nonhydrostatic simulations suggest that alternative nonhydrostatic modeling approaches such as superparameterization and variable‐resolution global nonhydrostatic modeling will provide important complements to the nested approaches tested here.
Increased NOTCH1 expression is associated with low survival in moderate/ poor differentiated human oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

Notch deregulation has been reported in various types of cancers, including Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The role of Notch1 signaling in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains poorly understood. In this study, NOTCH1 was aberrantly expressed in human oral cancer tissues compared with that in normal marginal tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. The positive Notch 1 expression was significantly associated with poor tumor differentiation status. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that elevated cytoplasmic NOTCH1 expression levels in OSCC patients were associated with poor overall survival. Moreover, multivariate COX proportional hazard models revealed that T N status, AJCC stage histological grade were independent prognostic factors for survival. Our result clearly demonstrates the oncogenic role of Notch1 in oral cancer and Notch1 may be a useful biomarker to target oral cancer patients.
Anamu, moringa, spirulina, and chlorella: Contribution to the quality of life of oncology patients: Results of the postmarketing prospective study performed in Serbia in 2021 - 2022

Introduction: The quality of life is one of the priority goals in the treatment of oncology patients. In addition to conventional therapies, symptomatic and supportive treatments are valuable for the final treatment outcome. Many such patients resort to alternative methods, such as herbal therapy. Study aim: This prospective study aimed to assess the effect of the plants: anamu, moringa, spirulina, and chlorella, which are routinely used in Cuba, on the quality of life of oncology patients. Materials and methods: Forty-six patients with various stage four malignant tumors were examined. Of the 46 patients, 26 were on chemotherapy, while 18 were on symptomatic and supportive therapy. The patients used extracts of the aforementioned plants orally, for three months. With prior consent and authorization, the standard EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, written in the patients' native language, was used to assess quality of life, before and after three months of use. Results: According to patient ratings, overall assessment of patient general health status and quality of life showed significant improvement after three months of use of the extracts, as compared to the beginning of application. According to the questionnaire, all five parameters improved on the functional scale, (p < 0.001), and the scores on the symptoms scale also improved (fatigue, p = 0.015; pain, p = 0 ,044). Women achieved better physical functionality and significant loss of fatigue and pain, while cognitive functionality improved in men. Emotional functionality improved in the subgroup of patients who were receiving chemotherapy, while in those who had previously received chemotherapy, there were significant differences in the symptoms scale score regarding loss of appetite and constipation - symptoms that resolved after three months of product use, thus equating the subgroups in terms of the reduction of these symptoms. In other functional parameters, statistically significant differences were also obtained for all patients. Conclusion: The improvement in the quality of life and functionality of patients, as well as the reduction in symptoms, whether the patients received chemotherapy or not, was statistically significant.
Heart Sound Classification Network Based on Convolution and Transformer

Electronic auscultation is vital for doctors to detect symptoms and signs of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), significantly impacting human health. Although progress has been made in heart sound classification, most existing methods require precise segmentation and feature extraction of heart sound signals before classification. To address this, we introduce an innovative approach for heart sound classification. Our method, named Convolution and Transformer Encoder Neural Network (CTENN), simplifies preprocessing, automatically extracting features using a combination of a one-dimensional convolution (1D-Conv) module and a Transformer encoder. Experimental results showcase the superiority of our proposed method in both binary and multi-class tasks, achieving remarkable accuracies of 96.4%, 99.7%, and 95.7% across three distinct datasets compared with that of similar approaches. This advancement holds promise for enhancing CVD diagnosis and treatment.
Quasiclassical trajectory study of the N(4S)+NO(X2Π)→N2(X1Σ+g)+O(3P) reaction rate coefficient

Rate coefficients for the N+NO→N 2 +O reaction are calculated over the temperature range 100 - 1000 K by a quasiclassical trajectory calculation on the 3 A″ potential energy surface (PES) based on the serniempirical London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) formalism, neglecting spin-orbit coupling. The calculated results are only slightly temperature dependent and are in excellent agreement with available experimental data and the JPL recommended rate coefficient [DeMore et al., 1994] at room temperature. The present results do not support either the rate coefficient arrived at by Siskind and Rusch [1992] from modeling of the terrestrial thermosphere or the one arrived at by Fox [1994] from modeling of the Martian thermosphere. Possible causes of the discrepancies between the calculated rate coefficients and those arrived at from modeling studies may be additional NO production (loss or loss and production) mechanisms in the Martian (terrestrial) thermosphere.
Complexity Synchronization of Organ Networks

The transdisciplinary nature of science as a whole became evident as the necessity for the complex nature of phenomena to explain social and life science, along with the physical sciences, blossomed into complexity theory and most recently into complexitysynchronization. This science motif is based on the scaling arising from the 1/f-variability in complex dynamic networks and the need for a network of networks to exchange information internally during intra-network dynamics and externally during inter-network dynamics. The measure of complexity adopted herein is the multifractal dimension of the crucial event time series generated by an organ network, and the difference in the multifractal dimensions of two organ networks quantifies the relative complexity between interacting complex networks. Information flows from dynamic networks at a higher level of complexity to those at lower levels of complexity, as summarized in the ‘complexity matching effect’, and the flow is maximally efficient when the complexities are equal. Herein, we use the scaling of empirical datasets from the brain, cardiovascular and respiratory networks to support the hypothesis that complexity synchronization occurs between scaling indices or equivalently with the matching of the time dependencies of the networks’ multifractal dimensions.
Hydrogeochemical processes as environmental indicators in drip water: Study of the Cueva del Agua (Southern Spain)

INTRODUCTION The hydrodynamic processes and mechanisms involved in rain infiltration and recharge in karst terrains can be identified and quantified by measuring seepage from cave stalactites. Unlike the diffuse recharge that prevails in porous media, the processes and mechanisms involved in recharge of a highly heterogeneous, karstic environment are not easily characterized. A great variety of factors controls the quantity and composition of the water inflow into caves. Climate determines timing and quantity of water input, and the proportion that falls as snow, which could be recycled by evaporation. Climate (and thus altitude and topography) influence vegetation cover, whose development strongly affects the chemistry of the carbonate system and soil properties (Fairchild et al., 2007). The aquifer itself has a complex response
A Novel Synthesis of Quasi-Chebyshev Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Nth Order Stub Loaded Coupled-Line Resonator

This paper presents a novel synthesis of a quasi-Chebyshev Nth order stub-loaded coupled-line ultra-wideband bandpass filter. A unit element of a proposed filter topology consists of two short-circuited stubs loaded at the edges of coupled lines. A distributed equivalent circuit model of a proposed topology is extracted and used to acquire a generalized filtering function. The extracted filtering function is of rational form. The denominator of the filtering function causes a mismatch with Chebyshev type-I polynomials. For conventional narrowband filters, the denominator term can be neglected because of the close vicinity of band-edge frequencies; however, for the ultra-wideband filter response, the factor in the denominator cannot be neglected and hence requires a new mathematical procedure to compensate for the effect of the frequency-dependent term in the denominator. The electrical parameters are calculated using the proposed synthesis and used to design an ideal filter topology on ADS. To validate the proposed design procedure, fabrication is performed on a high-frequency substrate. The proposed filter is miniaturized in size and has good out-of-band performance. The simulated and measured results provide good agreement.
Basic biogenic aerosol precursors: Agricultural source attribution of volatile amines revised

Despite recent evidence on an important role of volatile amines in the nucleation of particulate matter, very scarce information is available on their atmospheric abundance and source distribution. Previous measurements in animal housings had identified livestock husbandry as the main amine source, with trimethylamine (TMA) being the key component. This has led to the assumption that the agricultural sources for amines are similar as for ammonia, emitted throughout the cascade of animal excretion, storage and application in the field. In this study, we present the first micrometeorological flux measurements as well as dynamic enclosure experiments showing that the amine source strength from stored slurry is negligible, implying significant consequences for the global amine emission inventory. In the case of cattle, amine production is attributed to the animal's rumination activity and exhalation is suggested to be an important emission pathway, similar to the greenhouse gas methane. Fodder like hay and silage also emits volatile amines, potentially assigning these alkaloid compounds a key function in enhancing particle formation in remote areas.
Modal Logic Characterizations of Forward, Reverse, and Forward-Reverse Bisimilarities

Reversible systems feature both forward computations and backward computations, where the latter undo the effects of the former in a causally consistent manner. The compositionality properties and equational characterizations of strong and weak variants of forward-reverse bisimilarity as well as of its two components, i.e., forward bisimilarity and reverse bisimilarity, have been investigated on a minimal process calculus for nondeterministic reversible systems that are sequential, so as to be neutral with respect to interleaving vs. truly concurrent semantics of parallel composition. In this paper we provide logical characterizations for the considered bisimilarities based on forward and backward modalities, which reveals that strong and weak reverse bisimilarities respectively correspond to strong and weak reverse trace equivalences. Moreover, we establish a clear connection between weak forward-reverse bisimilarity and branching bisimilarity, so that the former inherits two further logical characterizations from the latter over a specific class of processes.
Remote sensing techniques for rapid detection of soil physical degradation

Physical degradation undermines soils' ability to perform their many biophysical functions. Currently, there is lack of rapid methods to facilitate timely large‐area assessment for effective control of the degradation. This study tested the combined applications of point‐measurements of physical properties, soil spectral reflectance, and remote sensing for prediction of the degradation in a large watershed. Infiltration and water retention measurements at selected sites were used to aid definition of the degradation classes. A tree classification was then developed with diffuse spectral reflectance to predict the degradation classes. 93% accuracy with holdout cross‐validation was achieved and the tree used to predict the degradation at multiple points in the study area. In addition, standardized deviations of land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from long‐term Landsat scenes were used to study the thermal and vegetation conditions at the sampled points. The deviations of LST and NDVI were effectively incorporated in the prediction of the degradation at other places with 80% accuracy of ground reference data. This approach has the potential as a useful tool for guiding policy decision on sustainable land management.
Selective Gene Up- and Down-Regulation as Potential Predictors of the Behavior of HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

Objectives: The current study aimed to identify genes that show differential expression in tumor tissue by performing bioinformatic analysis from matched tumor and non-tumoral liver tissue samples obtained from HBV-HCC patients. Methods: mRNA data from 21 HBV-HCC patients were used in this open-access database-based study. The mRNA sequence data were obtained from 21 pairs of tumors and non-tumoral liver tissue samples. Gene expression analysis was used in bioinformatics analyses and log2FC value was used to identify genes showing up-and down-regulation. To illustrate differentially expressed genes, the volcano plot was utilized. Results: Our analysis showed that many genes showed quite different expression levels in tumor tissues. Among these genes, the genes that showed very high fold upregulation were GNG4, IGF2BP1, GPC3, PEG10, AFP, SPINK1, EPS8L3, MYCN, DUSP9, and DKK1 genes, respectively. The down-regulated genes were CNDP1, WAKMAR1, LINC01818, TH, LINC01093, MARCO, LOC101927078, LOC105372263, FCN2, and CLEC4M. Conclusion: Our study defined various genes that might be utilized as potential biomarkers for HBV-related HCC. Targeted treat-ment for these genes can be developed and verified for efficacy in treatment.
Coupled stratigraphic and structural evolution of a glaciated orogenic wedge, offshore St. Elias orogen, Alaska

The St. Elias orogen is the result of ∼10 Myr of oblique convergence and flat‐slab subduction in the Gulf of Alaska between North America and the Yakutat microplate. Extensive glaciation and a complex tectonic environment make this region a unique case study in which to examine the details of terrane accretion and the possible coupled influence of climate and tectonic drivers on the structural and topographic evolution of an orogenic wedge. Reflection seismic profiles across the offshore Pamplona zone fold‐thrust belt, the frontal St. Elias orogenic wedge, provide constraints for quantifying Pleistocene deformation recorded in the glaciomarine Yakataga formation. The total amount of Pleistocene shortening observed varies from ∼3 to 5 mm/yr, compared to the current GPS‐derived Yakutat‐North America convergence rate across the St. Elias orogen of ∼45 mm/yr. Growth strata and kinematic fold analysis allow comparison of relative timing of fault activity, which reveals temporal and spatial shifting of active deformation during the glacial period: faulting localized adjacent to the coastline and at the current submarine deformation front. The abandoned, currently inactive region is colocated with the major glacial depocenter in the region, the Bering Trough. These observations imply that glacial processes such as sediment loading and focused erosion during advance‐retreat cycles has a direct effect on the evolution of individual faults within the Pamplona zone and the overall deformation pattern in the offshore St. Elias margin. This information provides key constraints for understanding how climatic shifts may have affected the evolution of margin architecture during Pleistocene glacial‐interglacial periods.
Comparison of TAMSAT and CPC rainfall estimates with raingauges, for southern Africa

Two different TAMSAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorological Satellites) methods of rainfall estimation were developed for northern and southern Africa, based on Meteosat images. These two methods were used to make rainfall estimates for the southern rainy season from October 1995 to April 1996. Estimates produced by both TAMSAT methods and estimates produced by the CPC (Climate Prediction Center) method were then compared with kriged data from over 800 raingauges in southern Africa. This shows that operational TAMSAT estimates are better over plateau regions, with 59% of estimates within one standard error (s.e.) of the kriged rainfall. Over mountainous regions the CPC approach is generally better, although all methods underestimate and give only 40% of estimates within 1 s.e. The two TAMSAT methods show little difference across a whole season, but when looked at in detail the northern method gives unsatisfactory calibrations. The CPC method does have significant overall improvements by building in real-time raingauge data, but only where sufficient raingauges are available.
On the distribution of the heights of sea waves: Some effects of nonlinearity and finite band width

It is shown that some recent data on the crest-to-trough heights of sea waves are fitted just as well as by the one-parameter Rayleigh distribution as by the two-parameter Weibull distribution, provided that the rms amplitude a-bar is taken as 0.925(2m/sub 0/)/sup 1/2/, where m/sub 0/ is the lowest moment of the frequency spectrum. Reasons why the ratio a-bar/(2m/sub 0/)/sup 1/2/, should differ from unity are discussed. It is shown that the effect of finite wave steepness would be to increase the radio by a factor (1+1/2(ak)/sup 2/ approximately, contrary to observation. The effect of finite band width is estimated from a model assuming low background noise superposed linearly on a delta function spectrum. For narrow band widths one obtains the formula a-bar/sup 2//2m/sub 0/=1-0.734v/sup 2/, where v is the rms spread of the noise about the mean frequency. Values of v/sup 2/ corresponding to Pierson-Moskowiez spectra give results in close agreement with observation.
Nonlinear modeling of carbon dynamics in soil treated with tannery sludge

In 2020, the Brazilian commercial cattle herd was the largest in the world, representing 14.3% of the worldwide herd, with201.7 million heads. Although this activity yields significant profits, contributing to the economic and social development ofBrazil, it has been the target of concerns, mainly due to the large production of waste/effluents associated to bovine leatherprocessing. In this scenario, mineralization is important because nutrients essential for plant growth are released duringthe process of organic waste decomposition, and the dynamics of carbon release can be described by nonlinear regressionmodels. Thus, this study aimed to model the mineralization of organic carbon in the soil for 6, 12, 24, and 36 megagramsdoses per hectare (Mg ha−1) of tannery sludge using the Stanford & Smith, Cabrera, and Juma nonlinear models. Very clayeysoil samples were used: eutroferric red nitosol (NVef). Mineralized carbon was measured in 21 observations over time untilthe 105th day of incubation. Parameters were estimated using the least squares method. Adjustments were compared usingthe corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) and the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2aj) as selection criteria. The Cabrera model had the best adjustments for doses 6, 12, and 24 Mg ha−1 and Juma for dose 36 Mg ha−1, based on the selection criteria used. Although the Stanford & Smith model is the most widely used in the literature to model soil carbon dynamics, its use was not the most appropriate for any of the doses evaluated in this study. The higher the dose of tannerysludge, the greater the amount of potentially mineralizable carbon.
Regional flood hydrology in a semi-arid catchment using a 1 GLS regression model 2

11 The regional flood frequency hydrology of the 86,000 km 2 and semi-arid Ebro catchment is 12 investigated using an extended generalised least square model that includes separate 13 descriptions for sampling errors and model errors. The Ebro catchment is characterised by 14 large hydro-climatic heterogeneities among sub-regions. However, differences in flood 15 processes among sites are better explained by a set of new catchment descriptors introduced 16 into hydrological regression models, such as new characteristics derived from the slope of 17 flow duration curves, the ratio of mean annual precipitation to extreme precipitations and the 18 aridity index. These additions enabled a more direct link to be established between the general 19 flow regime and the extreme flood characteristics through-out the entire catchment. The new 20 regression models developed in this study were compared to a set of existing models 21 recommended for flood frequency estimation in Spain. It was found that the generalised least 22 squares model developed in this study improves the existing ordinary least squares models 23