Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design trade-offs for high density cross-point resistive memory

With conventional memory technologies approaching their scaling limit, the search for a new technology has gained increased attention in the recent years. Resistive RAM (ReRAM), with its superior write latency and energy, small cell size (4F2 for a single level cell, F is the feature size), and support for 3D stacking, has been a promising candidate among emerging memory technologies. A key advantage of ReRAM comes from its non-linear nature, which enables a cross-point array structure without having a dedicated access transistor for each cell. While the cross-point structure is effective in improving the memory density, it has inherent disadvantages which introduce extra design challenges. Based on the device characteristics, we perform a comprehensive analysis of issues related to reliability, energy consumption, area overhead, and performance of the cross-point arrays. In addition to the cell-level analysis, we discuss different programming schemes specifically suited for cross-point arrays. We then study the area, energy, and bandwidth of a 256Mbits ReRAM macro in detail for various write schemes. The simulation results enable designers to identify the most performance/energy/area efficient ReRAM organization and cell parameters that meet specific design goals early in the design stage.
Age, Sex, and Gene Expression Score identifies a symptomatic, nondiabetic male patient as being at high risk of obstructive coronary artery disease

In October 2015, a 74-year-old Caucasian male patient (past medical history of hyperlipidemia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hypothyroidism) presented to the cardiologist for follow-up outpatient evaluation of exertional chest pain. The patient had recently been seen at the Emergency Department for the same complaint. At that time, the patient’s cardiac markers, EKG, and pharmacological nuclear stress testing were all reported as normal. At presentation to the cardiologist, the patient’s physical examination findings were unremarkable. Over the course of the following year, repeat electrocardiograms and myocardial perfusion imaging studies demonstrated no evidence of ischemia. Despite the persistence of symptoms, the patient was reluctant to undergo invasive testing. The cardiologist ordered a simple blood test: the Age, Sex, and Gene Expression Score, which provides the current likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease in nondiabetic patients. Based on the high Age, Sex, and Gene Expression Score result, the patient underwent invasive coronary angiography and a 98% stenotic lesion in the proximal left anterior descending artery was discovered. A drug-eluting coronary stent was placed and resulted in the complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms.
Exploring the Frontiers of Environmental Management: A Natural Law-based Perspective

Environmental management (EM) is at a turning point in its evolution as a discipline. Daunting social, ecological and spiritual problems of global magnitude implore EM to be inspiring and efficacious in theory and practice. Ironically, the present EM movement, in its ontologically dualistic configuration—measuring and manipulating the environment as an abstract, objectified economic resource for human gain—is unknowingly contributing to the very ecological degradation it wishes to ameliorate. In order for EM to become a truly ‘transformative epistemology’,1 its praxis must ontologically transcend the narrow foundations of staunch empiricism, logical positivism and rationalism that now firmly gird it. As a possible alternative to EM’s ‘monological flatland’, 2 we introduce a holistic praxiological system grounded in the ancient Indian vedanta wisdom tradition. Natural law-based environmental management (NLBEM) portends a radical metamorphosis of EM into a discipline that makes a meaningful impact on today’s precarious global condition.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of immunotherapy with SQ allergen extract for patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in selected European countries

ABSTRACT Background: Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis can, for some people, reduce quality of life and the ability to cope with everyday tasks. Scope: In this paper we investigate the cost-effectiveness of immunization therapy with Alutard SQ (ASQ) and compare the cost-effectiveness in countries where the therapy has been in use in order to assess the impact of national therapeutic practices on the results of health economic assessments. Data are obtained from a clinical trial carried out in 2001–2002. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of immunization we have added data on resource use in Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Findings: The computations result in cost-effectiveness ratios for allergen immunization between €10 000 and €20 000 per QALY even without provision for indirect costs, and achieving dominance in most countries where indirect costs have also been taken into account. The country comparisons show that the direct cost of administrating the up-dosing and maintenance differs considerably between countries, and that the cost of medical staff is substantial, constituting in most cases more than half of the direct costs of the immunization therapy. Conclusion: The study shows that immunotherapy with SQ allergen extract is cost-effective in a wide range of national environments, and that cost-effectiveness differences by country are largely a result of different practices in the up-dosing phase.
Discordant Outcomes in a Case of Parvovirus B19 Transmission Into Both Dichorionic Twins

Abstract Maternal infection with parvovirus B19 during pregnancy can cause aplastic anemia in the fetus and may lead to nonimmune fetal hydrops and fetal demise. Twin pregnancies complicated by infection due to parvovirus B19 are very rare clinical events. We present a dichorionic, diamniotic, dizygotic twin pregnancy after in vitro fertilization with parvovirus B19 infection and viral transmission to both twins, but different outcomes. At 19 weeks gestation, hydrops fetalis was diagnosed for male twin A, female twin B did not show any abnormalities. At 22 weeks gestation an acute parvovirus B19 infection was detected and twin A was diagnosed with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) by ultrasound at 23 weeks gestation. Viral DNA was detected in maternal blood as well as in placenta and liver tissue of this twin. Twin B was born at 35 weeks gestation asymptomatically and no signs of hydrops or other congenital anomalies but viral DNA was detected by PCR in serum. At the age of 2 years, both IgG titres against B19 and parvovirus DNA amplification copies were still positive in plasma of the surviving twin, but no clinical signs were detectable. It is remarkable that both twins were infected with parvovirus B19 early in pregnancy but showed a discordant clinical outcome. Our case report describes the rare occurrence of an intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) of one twin and the asymptomatic infection of the other in a twin pregnancy.
Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks on Reduced-Round Midori64

Midori is a lightweight block cipher designed by Banik et al. at ASIACRYPT 2015. One version of Midori uses a 64-bit state, another uses a 128-bit state and we denote these versions Midori-64 and Midori128. Each of these versions uses a 128-bit key. In this paper, we focus on the key-recovery attacks on reduced-round Midori-64 with meet-in-themiddle method. We use the differential enumeration technique and keydependent sieve technique which are popular to analyze AES to attack Midori-64. We propose a 6-round distinguisher, and achieve a 10-round attack with time complexity of 2 10-round Midori-64 encryptions, data complexity of 2 chosen-plaintexts and memory complexity of 2 64-bit blocks. After that, by adding one round at the end, we get an 11-round attack with time complexity of 2 11-round Midori-64 encryptions, data complexity of 2 chosen-plaintexts and memory complexity of 2 64-bit blocks. Finally, with a 7-round distinguisher, we get an attack on 12-round Midori-64 with time complexity of 2 12round Midori-64 encryptions, data complexity of 2 chosen-plaintexts and memory complexity of 2 64-bit blocks. To the best of our knowledge, this is recently the best attack on Midori-64.
The Medusa of Spatial Sorting: 3D Kinetic Alpha Complexes and Implementation

Motivated by an application in cell biology, we consider spatial sorting processes defined by particles moving from an initial to a final configuration. We describe an algorithm for constructing a cell complex in space-time, called the medusa, that measures topological properties of the sorting process. The algorithm requires an extension of the kinetic data structures framework from Delaunay triangulations to fixed-radius alpha complexes. We report on several techniques to accelerate the computation.
A dual-level dual-phase pulse-width modulation class-D amplifier with 0.001% THD, 112 dB SNR

This paper presents a dual-level dual-phase pulse-width modulation (DLDP PWM) Class-D audio amplifier circuit which enhance amplifier linearity and reduce distortion. The proposed DLDP PWM Class-D audio amplifier includes two sets of non-overlapping triangular waves, each at its respectful offset levels. Each set of triangular waves is composed of two 180° out-of-phase triangular waves. The differential power stage consists of 8 power transistors, with voltage swings up to +/- 6V. Simulated results shows that the proposed DLDP PWM Class-D audio amplifier features an SNR up to 105 dB, and the THD is suppressed below 0.001 %, with the 3rd harmonic below -102 dBV.
Sense Discrimination with Parallel Corpora

This paper describes an experiment that uses translation equivalents derived from parallel corpora to determine sense distinctions that can be used for automatic sense-tagging and other disambiguation tasks. Our results show that sense distinctions derived from cross-lingual information are at least as reliable as those made by human annotators. Because our approach is fully automated through all its steps, it could provide means to obtain large samples of "sense-tagged" data without the high cost of human annotation.
The Concept of Domain in the Cognitive Theory of Metaphor

In cognitive semantics metaphors are cross-domain mappings in the conceptual system. Thus the notion of domain plays a crucial role in the theory. However, domain is never defined, but taken for granted. By means of data from language acquisition and language production and comprehension I question the cognitive status of the notion of domain. Furthermore, I demonstrate that both linguistic and nonlinguistic evidence indicate that space and time are cognitively linked in a way that makes it problematic to claim that space is mapped onto time in the development of grammatical temporal markers.
Dielectric properties and viscoelastic response in two-phase polymers

An electrorheological model is applied to results from dynamic mechanical analysis in order to relate low-frequency dielectric properties to viscoelastic response. The model describes polymers with two phases at the mesoscopic scale, with polar groups embedded in one of the phases. Calculations use an electrorheological representation, based on the Voigt model, to describe the two phases. Low-frequency electrical and mechanical stresses are coupled through the permanent dipole moment of polar groups embedded in one of the phases. In the present model, low-frequency dielectric relaxation is calculated as the superposition of two Debye processes, corresponding to the interaction of the polar groups with the two phases. Induced polarization in the non-polar zones contributes only to high-frequency (relaxed) permittivity. The parameters of the relaxation processes are obtained from the electrorheological model using viscoelastic data from dynamic mechanical analysis. The model was applied to commercial EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) employed as housing in electrical insulators rated at 33 kV. This rubber has two phases (amorphous and semi-crystalline), with polar groups embedded in the amorphous phase. Samples aged for 10 years in active transmission lines were studied, and compared with new samples. A good agreement was found between the calculated and measured dielectric spectra, within the low-frequency range where the model is applicable.
Complete Topological Mapping with Sparse Sensing

This paper describes algorithms for a mobile robot with sparse, short-range sensing to create a topological map of an unknown environment. While a limited array of sensors is appealing from the standpoint of having simpler and cheaper hardware, mapping is more difficult because the robot cannot guarantee it will detect obstacles as soon as they enter its sensing range. Thus, the robot’s mapping strategy must ensure that all relevant parts of the environment are observed. Our approach constructs topological maps based on the SGVD∞, a version of the saturated generalized Voronoi diagram defined under the L∞ distance metric, which is well-suited to robots with sparse sensing. We first describe behaviors that allow a robot with an omnidirectional short-range sensor to trace the SGVD∞, and then extend these behaviors to the sparse sensing case by introducing a “virtual sensor” that tracks unseen obstacles and emulates the output of the omnidirectional sensor. We show that our behaviors are complete for the problem of mapping an arbitrary rectilinear environment. We have implemented the mapping behaviors and report the results of simulated experiments.
Assessment of Teens with ADHD

My intent here is not to provide a detailed review of the manner in which a thorough clinical evaluation should be conducted with adolescents having ADHD. Instead, I highlight the major topics that should be covered and several methods that I recommend be employed in evaluating teens, their parents, and the parent–teen conflicts they experience. This information is drawn from other texts by Anastopoulos and Shelton (2001), Robin (1998), Barkley (1998), and Barkley, Edwards, and Robin (1999).
Design of QoS-aware energy-efficient fiber-wireless access networks

Energy-efficient network design has recently become a very important topic because of the energy cost increases in service providers' infrastructures. This is of particular importance in access networks because of the growing demand for digital traffic by end users. Here we address the challenge of reducing the energy consumption of fiber-wireless (FiWi) access networks, which use both optical and radio frequency technologies to provide high bandwidth and ubiquity for end-user applications, while keeping delay under a threshold. Our goal is to find optimal sleep mode schedulings that allow energy consumption to be reduced while keeping packet delay acceptable. For this purpose a mathematical formalization and an algorithm are developed. The results show that the proposed approach is able to reduce the average packet delay, with negligible energy cost increases, in many scenarios, besides being computationally efficient and scalable. The proposed approach may, therefore, serve as a basis for planning and design of quality-of-service-aware energy-efficient FiWi access networks.
Embedded geometry of the set of symmetric positive semidefinite matrices of fixed rank

This paper deals with the Riemannian geometry of the set of symmetric positive semidefinite matrices of fixed rank. This set is studied as an embedded submanifold of the real matrices equipped with the usual Euclidean metric. With this structure, we derive expressions of the tangent space and geodesics of the manifold, suitable for efficient numerical computations.
Securing DNP3 Broadcast Communications in SCADA Systems

The Distributed Network Protocol version 3 (DNP3) provides Secure Authentication (DNP3-SA) as the mechanism to authenticate unicast messages from a master station to its outstations in supervisory control and data acquisition systems. In large-scale systems, it may be necessary to broadcast a critical request from a master station to multiple outstations at once. The DNP3 protocol standard describes the use of broadcast communication; however, it does not specify its security. This paper is the first to present DNP3 Secure Authentication for Broadcast (DNP3-SAB), a new lightweight security scheme for broadcast mode communication. This scheme is based on hash chain and only makes use of the existing cryptographic primitives specified in DNP3-SA. The scheme integrates itself into the DNP3-SA key update process. The proposed scheme is modeled, validated, and verified using colored Petri Nets against the most common protocol attacks such as modification, injection, and replay. Performance analysis on our scheme and the existing DNP3-SA modes (NACR and AGM) shows that DNP3-SAB reduces the communication overhead significantly at the cost of an increase with a constant term in processing and storage overhead. This benefit is maintained even when DNP3-SAB is under attack.
Enhancing Privacy and Accuracy in Probe Vehicle-Based Traffic Monitoring via Virtual Trip Lines

Traffic monitoring using probe vehicles with GPS receivers promises significant improvements in cost, coverage, and accuracy over dedicated infrastructure systems. Current approaches, however, raise privacy concerns because they require participants to reveal their positions to an external traffic monitoring server. To address this challenge, we describe a system based on virtual trip lines and an associated cloaking technique, followed by another system design in which we relax the privacy requirements to maximize the accuracy of real-time traffic estimation. We introduce virtual trip lines which are geographic markers that indicate where vehicles should provide speed updates. These markers are placed to avoid specific privacy sensitive locations. They also allow aggregating and cloaking several location updates based on trip line identifiers, without knowing the actual geographic locations of these trip lines. Thus, they facilitate the design of a distributed architecture, in which no single entity has a complete knowledge of probe identities and fine-grained location information. We have implemented the system with GPS smartphone clients and conducted a controlled experiment with 100 phone-equipped drivers circling a highway segment, which was later extended into a year-long public deployment.
Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water--British Columbia. The British Columbia Toxoplasmosis Team.

Between 1 January, 1995 and 6 September, 1995, there have been 110 acute Toxoplasma gondii nfections identified among individuals in the Greater Victoria area. Of these, 42 infected women and 11 newborns have been identified through a pregnancy-related screening program, which began on 24 April, 1995. Fifty-seven infections have been identified in non-pregnan individuals. This outbreak of toxoplasmosis is the largest ever reported and the first to be linked to municipal drinking water.
A statistical analysis of multiple temperature proxies: Are reconstructions of surface temperatures over the last 1000 years reliable?

Predicting historic temperatures based on tree rings, ice cores, and other natural proxies is a difficult endeavor. The relationship between proxies and temperature is weak and the number of proxies is far larger than the number of target data points. Furthermore, the data contain complex spatial and temporal dependence structures which are not easily captured with simple models. In this paper, we assess the reliability of such reconstructions and their statistical significance against various null models. We find that the proxies do not predict temperature significantly better than random series generated independently of temperature. Furthermore, various model specifications that perform similarly at predicting temperature produce extremely different historical backcasts. Finally, the proxies seem unable to forecast the high levels of and sharp run-up in temperature in the 1990s either in-sample or from contiguous holdout blocks, thus casting doubt on their ability to predict such phenomena if in fact they occurred several hundred years ago. We propose our own reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere average annual land temperature over the last millennium, assess its reliability, and compare it to those from the climate science literature. Our model provides a similar reconstruction but has much wider standard errors, reflecting the weak signal and large uncertainty encountered in this setting.
Further Evidence for Continuity in Infants' Joint Attention Development

Infants · Joint attention development · Triadic interactions In their qualitative analysis of mother-infant interaction across four time points from 4 to 12 months, de Barbaro, Johnson, and Deak [this issue] identify changes in infants’ sensorimotor activity and object exploration and an increase in elaborate tri-adic social exchanges over time. We will discuss further evidence for continuity in infants’ joint attention development from previous quantitative longitudinal studies and from studies examining infants’ object processing in triadic interactions as an indicator of infant attention and as an important function of triadic exchanges in early infancy. From their longitudinal observations of five mother-infant dyads over the first year of infancy, de Barbaro and colleagues draw the conclusion that social cognitive and joint attention development should be regarded as a ‘‘continuous product of sen-sorimotor development,’’ rather than indicating a ‘‘social revolution’’ caused by in-fants’ sudden understanding of others as intentional agents by the end of the first year [de Barbaro et al., this issue]. We agree with the authors that the term ‘‘social revolu-tion’’ does not properly describe infants’ social cognitive development since all as-pects of social cognition, including infants’ notion of other people as intentional agents, seem to develop gradually rather than abruptly [Striano & Reid, 2006]. In our commentary, we will first discuss evidence for continuous development of triadic interactions stemming from studies assessing infants’ very early developing sensitivity for triadic interactions [Striano, Stahl, Cleveland, & Hoehl, 2007] and from quantitative longitudinal data on a variety of triadic interaction skills [Striano, Stahl, & Cleveland, 2007]. Then we will focus on infants’ object processing in triadic inter-actions as assessed by behavioral and neurophysiological methods [Cleveland, Schug, & Striano, 2007; Cleveland & Striano, 2007; Parise, Reid, Stets, & Striano, 2008;
Reading Clinic Clients-Ten Years after

Critics of reading instruction today point out that once a pupil gets behind in reading, he is never able to catch up with his classmates. Continuous study of individual pupils who have come to the University of Chicago Reading Clinic since it opened in 1944 reveals that most of these pupils do catch up and continue. with their classmates. However, no attempt has been made to systematically ascertain the academic achievement, over a long period of time, of all the students ever served by the clinic. Therefore, in 1958 a follow-up study was made of persons who first contacted the clinic in 1948. In-