Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effects of changing climate on mountain pine beetle dynamics

In general terms, global climate warming will result in exacerbated insect pest problems. This is not to say, however, that the effects of every current pest species will increase under global warming. Projections regarding a particular pest species need to be made on a case-by-case basis. For example, mountain pine beetle (MPB) populations (Dendroctonus pondersae Hopkins), would benefit from global warming due to reduced winter mortality. Conversely, global warming may interfere with the maintaining of an appropriate seasonality for this non-diapausing species. Addressing such species response to modification of a basic ecological driving variable such as climate is a complex issue. Difficulty in dealing with this issue is further compounded by the fact that direct evidence is lacking and system level experimental manipulation is prohibitively expensive. The authors first describe in general terms the climatic adapted ecology of MPB and a computer model designed to represent important aspects of that ecology. Next they describe the important habitat component of mountain weather on MPB population performance and a landscape-level approach to modeling this critical driving variable. Finally, they describe a research application that uses these models to evaluate the potential of MPB outbreaks as an indication of forest health in high-elevationmore » pine forests. « less
Effect of Fenugreek Gum and Eggplant Peel Extract on Physicochemical, Storage, Bioactive, and Sensory Properties of Dairy Dessert

The objective of this research was to examine the impact of fenugreek gum and eggplant peel extract on multiple characteristics of rice pudding, encompassing parameters such as total soluble solids content, pH, color, syneresis index, storage stability, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content, along with a sensory evaluation using a 5-point hedonic scale. Different concentrations of fenugreek gum (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%) and eggplant peel extract (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%) were prepared and incorporated into the rice pudding formulation at varying levels. Higher concentrations of fenugreek gum and eggplant peel extract in the pudding resulted in improved syneresis percentage (68.25±0.42%). This result shows reduced water release and improved storage stability. The addition of fenugreek gum also positively associated with increased storage stability, while eggplant peel extract had no significant effect. Furthermore, while the content of monomeric anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in the rice pudding samples increased with higher concentrations of eggplant peel extract, consumer acceptance scores were reported to be very low.
Modeling and simulation of dew point temperature generated by a bubble aerator

The dew point temperature can be generated by saturating air with water vapor through several methods, one of which is by creating small-sized air bubbles passed through water in an enclosed space known as a saturator. In practical terms, the dew point temperature produced by this system can be determined by measuring it using a dew point meter. However, the prediction of the dew point temperature generated through theoretical approaches has not been presented before. Thus, in this study, a simulation has been conducted to determine the dew point temperature. The result is then compared to the experimental data. The experiment follows the single pressure humidity generator principle, where a saturator containing a bubble aerator is immersed in a stirred liquid bath. The bath temperature is set to 25 °C, and the gas flow rate is adjusted from 0.1 lpm to 0.4 lpm. The dew point temperature is measured using a 373 LHX chilled mirror dew point meter. On the other hand, the simulation is performed using the Monte Carlo method, and the physical model involves a heat balance between convection and the change in bubble energy. The convection heat transfer coefficient is determined by the behavior of bubble dynamics, which is related to the bubble size and bubble velocity. The dew point temperature obtained from the simulation is assumed to be the same as the bubble temperature. As a result, the simulation data align well with the experimental data.
Upper mantle discontinuity structure beneath eastern and southeastern Tibet: New constraints on the Tengchong intraplate volcano and signatures of detached lithosphere under the western Yangtze Craton

We present new constraints on the upper mantle transition zone structure beneath eastern and southeastern Tibet based on P wave receiver functions for a large broadband data set from two very dense seismic arrays. A clear depression of both the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities is detected west of the Red River fault relative to the east. The correlated topographic variations across the Red River fault are indicative of temperature changes in the upper mantle above the transition zone, which suggests that the fault is a deep‐rooted structure that penetrates into the upper mantle and separates Indochina from South China. West of the Red River fault, the transition zone thickness under the Tengchong volcano is found to be normal compared to the global average. This strongly suggests that the intraplate volcano may originate from slab tearing of the eastward subducting Indian plate at shallow depths in the upper mantle rather than from dehydration of a flattened plate within the transition zone. Our results further show that the 660 km discontinuity is significantly depressed under the western Yangtze Craton and that the transition zone therefore thickens by up to 20 km. This thickening is suggestive of lowered temperatures associated with a remnant of detached lithosphere in response to overlying asthenospheric escape flow in and around the western Yangtze Craton. In addition, we find that the transition zone thickness beneath much of the Sichuan Basin is similar to the global average.
TITLE: Toxic Byproducts Generated in Disinfected Drinking Water Contaminated with Pharmaceuticals PROJECT NUMBER: PROJECT STATUS:

TITLE: Toxic Byproducts Generated in Disinfected Drinking Water Contaminated with Pharmaceuticals PROJECT NUMBER: PROJECT STATUS: REVISION DATE: INITIATION DATE: 09/30/2009 COMPLETION DATE: 09/30/2010 SUB PROGRAM: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Michael Plewa EFFORT: 0.5 AFFILIATION: University of Illinois AFFILIATION CODE: ASSOCIATE INVESTIGATOR: EFFORT: AFFILIATION: AFFILIATION CODE: SEA GRANT FUNDS: $ STATE MATCHING FUNDS: $ LAST YEAR’S SEA GRANT FUNDS: $ LAST YEAR’S MATCHING FUNDS: $ PASS-THROUGH FUNDS: $ LAST YEAR’S PASS-THROUGH FUNDS: $ RELATED PROJECTS: PARENT PROJECTS: R/WF-09-06 SEA GRANT STRATEGIC PLAN CLASSIFICATION: Water Quality/Pharmaceuticals
Shiftwork and Health

Industrial and commercial activities that operate outside normal work hours have become widespread in recent years; services such as banking, communications, transport, catering and retailing are routinely available during evening hours, and often round-the-clock. Consequently, the work patterns of a substantial proportion of the population now extend beyond regular daytime working hours; variable schedules (often including evening or night work) and rotating shifts are both widespread. In a recent European survey, 28% of the workforce had variable work patterns, 10% had evening or night schedules, while 17% worked two-shift or three-shift rotating schedules (Boisard et al., 2003). Further analyses showed that the proportion of shift workers remained relatively constant up to age 45 years, but fell sharply at higher ages, particularly over 55 years (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, 2003), reflecting older workers’ difficulties in adjusting to shiftwork. Similarly, analyses of US survey data showed that, in 1997, 27.6% of the workforce had flexible work schedules, while 16.8% of full-time employees had ‘alternative’ schedules involving work outside normal daytime hours (06.00–18.00 hrs), 6.4% of whom worked night or rotating shifts (Beers, 2000). These proportions varied by occupation; rotating shifts were particularly common in security services (16.3%), mining (12.5%) and catering (8.7%), but infrequent among professionals and managers (1.7%). Night work was prevalent in healthcare, manufacturing, and manual occupations. Global trends towards a ‘24-hour society’ suggest that these proportions are likely to rise; thus, the implications of shiftwork for physical and mental health are not only a matter of current concern but are also likely to become increasingly important in the future (Costa, 2001; Rajaratnam & Arendt, 2001).
Volumetric and microstructural regional changes of the hippocampus underlying development of extended delay long-term memory

Episodic memory function improves through childhood and adolescence, in part due to structural maturation of the medial temporal cortex. Although partly different processes support long-term memory over shorter vs. longer intervals, memory is usually assessed after less than an hour. The aim of the present study was to test whether there are unique developmental changes in extended memory, and whether these are related to structural maturation of sub-regions of the hippocampus. 650 children and adolescents from 4.1 to 24.8 years were assessed in total 962 times (mean interval ≈ 1.8 years). Memory was assessed by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and the Rey Complex Figure Test (CFT). In addition to 30 min recall, an extended delay recall condition was administered ≈ 10 days after encoding. We found unique developmental effects on extended delay memory independently of 30 min recall performance. For visuo-constructive memory, this could be accounted for by visuo-constructive ability levels. Performance was modestly related to anterior and posterior hippocampal volume and mean diffusion. The relationships did not show an anterior-posterior hippocampal axis difference. In conclusion, extended delay memory shows unique development, likely due to changes in encoding depth or efficacy, or improvements of long-term consolidation processes. Highlights Unique developmental effects on episodic memories over days rather than minutes Development of visuoconstructive recall explainable by visuoconstructive abilitity Development of verbal recall cannot be explained by verbal ability Modest relationships between memory and hippocampal structural features
TRADITIONAL GUIDED LAB ACTIVITIES IN THE PHYSICS LABORATORY OF ENGINEERING INSTITUTIONS IN KATHMANDU DISTRICT OF NEPAL

Laboratory activities play a crucial role in the conceptual understanding of the theoretical aspects of physics. Traditional guided lab activities emphasize a teacher-centric pedagogical approach in which learners are merely passive recipients of the content knowledge as delivered by the teacher. The authors in their professional journey at engineering institutions were also guided by the traditional laboratory approach in the teaching and learning process inside the physics laboratory. During our professional journey at engineering institutions, we felt that students had difficulty demonstrating the science process skills and employing the theoretical aspects in real-world situations. The primary objective of this research was to explore the lab activities inside the physics laboratory at diploma engineering institutions in the Kathmandu district of Nepal. For this purpose, an ethnographic method was employed in which multiple laboratory sessions were observed, and open-ended and unstructured interviews were conducted with the research participants at different locations through in-person and online processes. In addition, social constructivist learning theory was utilized in this research process. The findings lead to the conclusion that traditional guided laboratory activities prevailed inside the physics lab of those institutions under study.
Pemograman Ray Tracing Metode Pseudo-Bending Medium 3-D Untuk Menghitung Waktu Tempuh Antara Sumber Dan Penerima

Perhitungan waktu tempuh gelombang melewati suatu medium dari sumber ke stasiun penerima menggunakan rekonstruksi jejak sinar gelombang dikenal dengan ray tracing. Salah satu prinsip dari perambatan gelombang adalah prinsip Fermat yang menyatakan bahwa gelombang merambat melewati suatu medium dengan waktu tempuh tercepat. Kami telah mengembangkan dan menguji pemograman aplikasi metode pseudo-bending melewati beberapa model kecepatan 3-D. Diantaranya adalah model anomali kecepatan rendah, model anomali kecepatan tinggi, dan model dengan perubahan kecepatan secara bergradasi serta model acak untuk menguji kestabilan metode ini. Lintasan perambatan gelombang selalu berusaha melewati medium dengan kecepatan lebih tinggi dengan waktu tempuh minimum. Metode ini membutuhkan waktu yang singkat dalam perhitungan sehingga mendukung studi-studi inversi tomografi 3-D seperti tomografi gempa lokal dan tomografi gempa mikro untuk aplikasi di bidang geotermal.
The Systematic Assessment of the Membrane-Stabilizing and Antioxidant Activities of Several Kazakhstani Plants in the Asteraceae Family

The objective of our research was to examine the antioxidant and membrane-protective characteristics of a few medicinal plant extracts belonging to the Asteracea family, along with their flavonoid and polyphenolic content, in order to identify strategies for enhancing beverage composition and boosting the antioxidant capacity of green and black tea. The activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts from the dried parts of plants, such as Arictum tomentosum Mill. , Ghnapilum kasachstanicum Kirp. & Kuprian. ex Kirp. , Artemisia schrenkiana Ledeb. , A. rutifolia Steph. ex Spreng. , A. cina O.Berg, and A. vulgaris L. , were examined using a model of Wistar rats. Thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), a marker of malondialdehyde concentration, were used to measure the amount of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver microsomes. Considering the outcomes, the extracts from A. tomentosum, G. kasachstanicum, and A. vulgaris exhibit the strongest membrane-stabilizing action among those examined. At a concentration of 5 g/mL, the extracts of these plants demonstrated a significant anti-hemolitic impact, whereas the remaining extracts displayed a similar effect at doses above 10 g/mL. Accordingly, among the extracts studied, the A. tomentosum, G. kasachstanicum, A. schrenkiana, A. rutifolia, A. cina, and A. vulgaris extracts have significant antioxidant properties. The integrated antioxidant and antihemolytic qualities of A. tomentosum and green tea extracts were comparable to those of the individual plant extracts. When the extracts of A. schrenkiana and green tea were combined, similar outcomes were seen, suggesting that there was no appreciable synergistic interaction.
Testing Game Theory of Mind Models for Artificial Intelligence

In this article, we investigate the relative performance of artificial neural networks and structural models of decision theory by training 69 artificial intelligence models on a dataset of 7080 human decisions in extensive form games. The objective is to compare the predictive power of AIs that use a representation of another agent’s decision-making process in order to improve their own performance during a strategic interaction. We use human game theory data for training and testing. Our findings hold implications for understanding how AIs can use constrained structural representations of other decision makers, a crucial aspect of our ‘Theory of Mind’. We show that key psychological features, such as the Weber–Fechner law for economics, are evident in our tests, that simple linear models are highly robust, and that being able to switch between different representations of another agent is a very effective strategy. Testing different models of AI-ToM paves the way for the development of learnable abstractions for reasoning about the mental states of ‘self’ and ‘other’, thereby providing further insights for fields such as social robotics, virtual assistants, and autonomous vehicles, and fostering more natural interactions between people and machines.
P4 Cybersecurity Solutions: Taxonomy and Open Challenges

The field of cybersecurity has witnessed a significant shift towards Programmable Data Planes with the emergence of the P4 programming P4. The existing literature lacks a comprehensive taxonomy that provides collaborative classifications and characterization of P4-based cybersecurity solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel taxonomy to better characterize published works in the field of cybersecurity solutions developed leveraging P4 and Programmable Data Planes. Our taxonomy introduces three main categories: detection techniques, mitigation actions, and deployment platforms. Unlike existing classification approaches present in literature, our taxonomy allows categorizing a given work according to different criteria, thus enabling collaborative classifications and the identification of shared features by highlighting intra-category and inter-category relationships that can be established among different works. Through our comprehensive characterization of the works identified in the literature, we present key findings that contribute to extend the current understanding of the field. By identifying the diverse range of techniques employed and the platforms utilized, we aim at addressing the needs to understand the area, which is fundamental for future advancements. Notably, we emphasize the significance of security provisioning through the adoption of cybersecurity functional abstractions. These abstractions enable the emulation of the behavior of conventional security devices, leveraging the capabilities of P4. Furthermore, we discuss several research challenges and possible future directions that have emerged from our analysis. This paper focuses on providing valuable insights and knowledge for researchers and practitioners in the field of cybersecurity solutions based on Programmable Data Planes leveraging P4, with the final goal of opening avenues for new research.
Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in the river receiving the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Listeria spp. in the river water before and after discharge of the effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 samples were collected bi-weekly over 4 months from eleven discrete sampling locations in Zayandehrood River, Iran. Three sampling sites were located above the discharge point and five sites were located after the discharge point of WWTP. Samples were also collected from the influent and the effluent of WWTP. Listeria spp. were isolated using a selective enrichment procedure and a subculture onto polymyxin-acriflavine-lithium chloride-ceftazidime-esculin-mannitol Agar. All isolates were subjected to standard biochemical tests. Results: L. monocytogenes was isolated from influent (83%), effluent (50%) and (18.5%) river water. Listeria spp. was not found before the discharge point in river water. However, L. monocytogenes was isolated in samples collected from 200 m (33%), 500 m (33%), 2 km (16.5%), 5 km (16.5%) and 10 km (16.5%) downstream from the WWTP. Listeria innocua (9%) and Listeria seeligeri (10%) were the second most frequently isolated species. Conclusion: During the wastewater treatment, Listeria spp. is not removed completely. L. monocytogenes is widely distributed in the Zayandehrood river. L. monocytogenes released into surface water demonstrates a potential risk for public health. These results indicate the need for appropriate water management in order to reduce human and animal exposure to such pathogens.
Biotic Interactions Contribute to the Geographic Range Limit of an Annual Plant: Herbivory and Phenology Mediate Fitness beyond a Range Margin

Species’ geographic distributions have already shifted during the Anthropocene. However, we often do not know what aspects of the environment drive range dynamics, much less which traits mediate organisms’ responses to these environmental gradients. Most studies focus on possible climatic limits to species’ distributions and have ignored the role of biotic interactions, despite theoretical support for their importance in setting distributional limits. We used field experiments and simulations to estimate contributions of mammalian herbivory to a range boundary in the Californian annual plant Clarkia xantiana ssp. xantiana. A steep gradient of increasing probability of herbivory occurred across the boundary, and a reanalysis of prior transplant experiments revealed that herbivory drove severalfold declines in lifetime fitness at and beyond the boundary. Simulations showed that populations could potentially persist beyond the range margin in the absence of herbivory. Using data from a narrowly sympatric subspecies, Clarkia xantiana parviflora, we also showed that delayed phenology is strongly associated with C. xantiana ssp. xantiana’s susceptibility to herbivory and low fitness beyond its border. Overall, our results provide some of the most comprehensive evidence to date of how the interplay of demography, traits, and spatial gradients in species interactions can produce a geographic range limit, and they lend empirical support to recent developments in range limits theory.
Slang Words used in Olivia Rodrigo Song Lyrics in the Album of Sour

This final project is based on the study which attempted to analyze the slang word used in song lyrics by Olivia Rodrigo. The song’s album is called Sour. There were eleven songs in the album but the researcher takes only seven among of them. The songs are Brutal, Traitor, Driver License, Good 4 U, Happier, Jealousy-jealousy, and Hope Ur Ok. The main purpose of this study is were to analyze the types of slang words found in the song lyrics, the meaning of the slang words found in song lyrics, and the dominant slang words found in song lyrics. This research is descriptive-qualitative analysis which analyzed the slang word used in the song lyrics usin Allan and Burridge’s theory (2006). The result of the study was there were 48 data of slag words found in the song lyrics. Those slang words was classified into 4 types of slang words. The types were fresh and creative (41.6%), flippant (27.3%), imitative (12.5%), and clipping (18.5%). From these result it can be concluded that the dominant type of slang word is fresh and creatve.
Development of E-Learning ICT Guidance at Hidayatul Musthafawiyah Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School

This study aims to develop website-based E-Learning on ICT guidance activities at Hidayatul Musthafawiyah Salafiyah Islamic Boarding School. This study uses Research and Development (RandD) methods. This research method uses a 4-D development model to analyze the key stages; defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The trial was conducted on three learning media experts and 37 students at PPS Hidayatul Musthafawiyah. Descriptive analysis data used in this research activity will include analyzing the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of ICT guidance extracurricular E-Learning. The result shows that the ICT-Counseling extracurricular e-learning verification test score is 96.2%, a valid category. The overall rating of the Practical Aptitude Test is 92.77%, which is an efficient category. The overall effectiveness test rating was 98.51%, indicating that this category was used effectively. This research is in developing a valid, practical, and effective platform in an Islamic boarding school setting. In future research, the effectiveness of the developed e-learning platform can be evaluated through a comparative study with traditional classroom learning or other e-learning platforms. Additionally, further research can be conducted to develop e-learning platforms for other extracurricular activities in Islamic boarding schools.