Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean section.

BACKGROUND The single most important risk factor for postpartum maternal infection is cesarean delivery. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to assess the effects of prophylactic antibiotic treatment on infectious complications in women undergoing cesarean delivery. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (January 2002) and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2001). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized trials comparing antibiotic prophylaxis or no treatment for both elective and non-elective cesarean section. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers assessed trial quality and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Eighty-one trials were included. Use of prophylactic antibiotics in women undergoing cesarean section substantially reduced the incidence of episodes of fever, endometritis, wound infection, urinary tract infection and serious infection after cesarean section. The reduction in the risk of endometritis with antibiotics was similar across different patient groups: the relative risk (RR) for endometritis for elective cesarean section (number of women = 2037) was 0.38 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22 to 0.64); the RR for non-elective cesarean section (n = 2132) was 0.39 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.46); and the RR for all patients (n = 11,937) was 0.39 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.43). Wound infections were also reduced: for elective cesarean section (n = 2015) RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.99); for non-elective cesarean section (n = 2780) RR 0.36 95% CI 0.26 to 0.51]; and for all patients (n = 11,142) RR 0.41 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.43). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The reduction of endometritis by two thirds to three quarters and a decrease in wound infections justifies a policy of recommending prophylactic antibiotics to women undergoing elective or non-elective cesarean section.
Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus.

The role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008. ]
Widespread Myocardial Inflammation and Infarct-Related Artery Patency

Background—Diffuse coronary vascular inflammation is associated with acute coronary syndromes. However, it is unknown whether inflammation also occurs within the myocardium. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the presence of activated cells in unaffected remote myocardium of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in comparison to the peri-infarct region from the same cases, and in comparison to myocardial specimens from control hearts. Methods and Results—Sixteen patients dying 1 to 12 weeks after AMI and 16 control subjects were selected at autopsy. Myocardial specimens were taken at remote unaffected viable regions and at peri-infarct regions in cases with AMI. Confocal microscopy was performed to measure the number of activated cells (DR+), T-lymphocytes (CD3+), and activated T-lymphocytes (CD3+/DR+). Activated cells and activated T-lymphocytes were found in remote unaffected regions in 11 of 16 cases (69%), in peri-infarct zone in all cases (100%), and in none of the control hearts (0%, P <0.001 versus others). A greater myocardial inflammatory burden in remote regions but not in peri-infarct regions was associated with persistent infarct-related artery occlusion (P <0.05). Conclusions—This study for the first time shows the presence of activated T-lymphocytes in remote unaffected myocardial regions in approximately two thirds of patients with recent AMI. Because these cells are associated with persistent infarct-related artery occlusion, our data may suggest that an antigenic stimulus present also in the myocardium triggers an immune response that may be critical to precipitate artery occlusion.
Annular mode-like responses to external forcings in a simple atmospheric general circulation model

In this thesis, I investigate the response of a simple atmospheric general circulation model to applied forcings to learn whether the annular mode patterns are a preferred model response to the forcings. The thesis is inspired by the appearance of annular mode patterns in Earth's atmosphere in response to a number of forcings. Climatologies of the model under the influence of applied torques or perturbations to the reference temperature profile are compiled and compared to a control run with neither type of forcing. In most cases the differences in climatologies are annular mode-like, suggesting the patterns are the preferred response of the model to the forcings. The strength of the response typically increases for either an increase in the strength of the forcing, or an increase in the strength of the projection of the forcing on the model's annular mode patterns. Trials with a response which was not annular mode-like usually featured a poor projection of the forcing on the annular modes, or substantial interference with tropical dynamics. A zonally symmetric version of the model is also used to test the direct response of the model to the forcing versus the response caused by changes in eddy feedback processes. The direct forcing alone is found to be insufficient to produce either the correct strength or shape of the annular mode patterns. Instead the changes in eddy fluxes must be included to produce the correct shape and amplitude of the anomalies. Thesis Supervisor: R. Alan Plumb Title: Professor of Meteorology Acknowledgments I cannot possibly thank my family, and particularly my parents, enough for all they have done for me. My parents always stressed to me the importance of education. From preschool to graduate school, my parents have sacrificed both time and treasure for me, and I am forever grateful to their commitment and belief in me. I also wish to thank especially my father for proofreading this manuscript. I also especially wish to thank my thesis adviser, Alan Plumb, for his valuable counsel and insight over the past six years. He has always been enthusiastic and supportive of my work, keeping me focused and never growing frustrated at me for my wrong turns. Alan has always been willing to find time for me in his own busy schedule, and I cannot imagine completing this work without his support. I also wish to thank a group of my fellow graduate students and one research scientist for their support as well. Greg Lawson, Rob Korty, Nikki Prive, and Jeff Scott have been wonderful mentors and friends over the past six years, always willing to answer questions, give advice, or provide a much-needed Friday afternoon of bridge after a tough week at work. This thesis is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ATM-0314094. I also acknowledge the support of MIT's Presidential Fellows program.
Enabling autonomous management of distributed pervasive environments

Current networks are providing plenty of services that users can access and use. These services are more and more pervasive and deployed in different networks distributed across an environment. This raises the problem of managing such environments in order to grant access to services from anywhere and to adapt the environment’s networks to dynamic changes. Also, there is a need of an autonomous behavior to reduce human intervention and assure environment’s consistency. This autonomous and distributed behavior leads to the definition and integration of existing and new technologies to enable autonomous distributed management. This is fulfilled by providing paradigms that bring awareness about the surroundings and enabled tools to manage and adapt the environment’s resources. The main problem is to dynamically provide auto‐configuration of networks to deal with the frequent changes which results from users’ roaming, changing services constraints, and changing services themselves, and adding, upgrading or re.
Multi-agent coordination in the electricity grid, from concept towards market introduction

Over the course of the 20th century, the electrical power systems of industrialized economies have become one of the most complex systems created by mankind. A number of ongoing trends will drastically change the way this critical infrastructure is operated. Demand for electricity keeps growing while the controllability of generation capacity is decreasing due to introduction of renewable energy sources. Further, there is an increase of distributed generators (DG), i.e. the generation capacity embedded in the (medium and low voltage) distribution networks. Intelligent distributed coordination will be essential to ensure the electricity infrastructure runs efficiently in the future. The PowerMatcher technology, a multi-agent coordination system, has been developed to provide this kind of coordination. The heart of the system is an electronic market on which local control agents negotiate using strategies based on short-term micro-economics. This concept has been demonstrated in a number of field tests of increasing scale. Currently, the focus is moving from proof of concept field tests proving the technology towards demonstrations developing commercial applications paving the way for large-scale application.
A new approach for formal behavioral modeling of protection services in antivirus systems

Formal method techniques provides a suitable platform for the software development in software systems. Formal methods and formal verification is necessary to prove the correctness and improve performance of software systems in various levels of design and implementation, too. Security Discussion is an important issue in computer systems. Since the antivirus applications have very important role in computer systems security, verifying these applications is very essential and necessary. In this paper, we present four new approaches for antivirus system behavior and a behavioral model of protection services in the antivirus system is proposed. We divided the behavioral model in to preventive behavior and control behavior and then we formal these behaviors. Finally by using some definitions we explain the way these behaviors are mapped on each other by using our new approaches.
Portal and systemic plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations in heat-stressed primates.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations in hepatic portal and systemic arterial plasma were determined in five anesthetised monkeys heat-stressed by an environmental temperature of 41.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. As the rectal temperature (Tr) rose, the LPS concentrations in both the portal and systemic arterial plasma remained at the pre-heat-stress levels of 0.088 +/- 0.017 and 0.078 +/- 0.021 ng/ml (N.S.), respectively, until a Tr of 42.5-43.0 degrees C, when the LPS concentration increased slowly, first in the portal plasma and then in the systemic plasma. On the other hand, the concentration of plasma anti-LPS IgG antibodies began to decline at temperatures as low as 40 degrees C from 20.66 +/- 7.35 micrograms/ml (portal) and 22.14 +/- 7.43 micrograms/ml (arterial) to 5.51 +/- 1.28 micrograms/ml (portal) (P less than .05) and 4.6 +/- 1.69 micrograms/ml (arterial) (P less than .05) just prior to death. Above a Tr of 43 degrees C, the LPS concentration increased rapidly to a maximum of 0.244 +/- 0.05 ng/ml (portal) (P less than .01) and 0.224 +/- 0.06 ng/ml (arterial) (P less than .01). The mean arterial pressure remained more or less constant at 112 +/- 17.03 mm Hg until a Tr of 41.5 degrees C and then rapidly declined as Tr rose (P less than .01). The heart rate rose gradually from 154 +/- 14 min-1 as Tr increased and then rapidly after a Tr of 41.5 degrees C to a maximum of 307 +/- 13 min-1 at 43.0 degrees C. Thereafter it declined rapidly until death. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Towards the Unity of Classical Physics

The unity of classical mechanics and electromagnetism is proposed to be established through putting both on equal footing. The special-relativistic equations of motion for the particles and fields, the Maxwell-Lorentz force, and the Yukawa potential are derived exploiting Newton’s and Euler’s (stationary-)state descriptions, Newton’s decomposition of forces into bodyand position-dependent factors, and Helmholtz’s analysis of the relationships between forces and energies. For instance, the magnetic MaxwellLorentz force is a special case of the Lipschitz force being a general class of forces that leave the kinetic energy constant. Adding this force to Newton’s force of gravity leads to self-standing fields representing the mediating agent of interaction sought by Newton. Thus, equal footing is realized through a foundation on common principles, but not through a reduction to mechanical models.
Design of Neural - PLC Controller For Industrial Plant

The present paper introduces a new algorithm for industrial processes by using neural network (N.N). The suggested method aims to make a combination between PLC and N.N. PLC (programmable logic control) is a good method for controlling any industrial processing but it did not have full picture about this process in any time. Neural network can made a survey on the process at all time. Learning N.N can expect the next instruction of the industrial operation before applying the input signal controlling. This paper introduces the new suggested technology presenting the architecture of the control system, and its components. A practical system will be constructed to satisfy the suggested technology.
Genomic cloning of human Echinococcus granulosus DNA: isolation of recombinant plasmids and their use as genetic markers in strain characterization

SUMMARY A small, size selected (0·5–5·0Kbp) genomic DNA library has been constructed in the bacterial plasmid pAT153 using DNA extracted from a human isolate (Kenyan origin) of the hydatid disease organism, Echinococcus granulosus. A panel of taeniid cestode DNAs has been used in conjunction with hybridization and restriction-enzyme analysis to identify in the library two recombinant plasmids with Echinococcus-specific inserts and a single recombinant plasmid (coded pEG18) with a DNA fragment unique for E. granulosus. These, and other recombinant plasmids with E. granulosus DNA inserts, have been used in restriction endonuclease, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis to independently and repro-ducibly discriminate between the UK horse and sheep strains of E. granulosus; these probes may well prove of value for characterizing isolates from other endemic areas. The feasibility of using a cloned DNA fragment as the basis of a simple field test for distinguishing eggs of E. granulosus from those of other taeniid cestodes is discussed. The recombinant insert (approximately 2·3 Kbp in size) of pEG18 has a low copy number - estimated at approximately 26 - and it may not be sufficiently sensitive for practical use as a DNA probe in the identification of small numbers of E. granulosus eggs by molecular hybridization.
Adaptive Space Modulation With Partial CSIT in Spatially Correlated Fading Channels

The problem of adaptive space modulation (ASM) design using partial channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is investigated. ASM relies on adaptive modulation of information symbols in the spatial domain using multiple antennas based on some sort of CSIT. The CSIT is exploited to adjust the transmission such that the distances between the receive constellation vectors are increased to reduce the probability of error. We assume that the spatial correlation matrices are available as the partial CSIT and introduce two different approaches to design ASM. In the first approach, we consider that all the transmit antennas are active at each transmit interval and, using an upper bound on the average probability of error, design the transmit vectors based on the spatial correlation matrices to improve the performance. In the second approach and to avoid interantenna synchronization, we assume that only one transmit antenna is active at each transmit interval, and we modify a space shift keying (SSK) transmission by transmitting different complex values from different transmit antennas. Finally, we derive a power allocation to improve further the performance in nonstationary channels. By simulation, we show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in improving the performance in terms of the symbol error rate (SER).
From Cloud to Fog and Sunny Sensors

Assistive systems collect large amounts of data in the internet of things and compute behavior and intentions of users in the cloud. Our approach is to push these computations (interpreted as database queries) as close as possible to the local sensors of the internet of things. We aim at replacing privacy-compromising cloud-based computations by fogor edge-based computations or even by processing on the local sensors directly. Not only can this approach solve privacy problems, but also results in a better performance and energy-efficiency of the whole system: sensor-based computations are the (privacy-respecting) sunny side of the cloud. This position paper will give a short motivation and state of the art in different areas (from databases to wireless sensor networks) and will present our approach in combining modern interfaces to different sensors and concepts of database theory such as query rewriting and query containment.
Microbial bio‐production of a recombinant stimuli‐responsive biosurfactant

Biosurfactants have been the subject of recent interest as sustainable alternatives to petroleum‐derived compounds in areas ranging from soil remediation to personal and health care. The production of naturally occurring biosurfactants depends on the presence of complex feed sources during microbial growth and requires multicomponent enzymes for synthesis within the cells. Conversely, designed peptide surfactants can be produced recombinantly in microbial systems, enabling the generation of improved variants by simple genetic manipulation. However, inefficient downstream processing is still an obstacle for the biological production of small peptides. We present the production of the peptide biosurfactant GAM1 in recombinant E. coli. Expression was performed in fusion to maltose binding protein using chemically defined minimal medium, followed by a single‐step affinity capture and enzymatic cleavage using tobacco etch virus protease. Different approaches to the isolation of peptide after cleavage were investigated, with special emphasis on rapid and simple procedures. Solvent‐, acid‐, and heat‐mediated precipitation of impurities were successfully applied as alternatives to post‐cleavage chromatographic peptide purification, and gave peptide purities exceeding 90%. Acid precipitation was the method of choice, due to its simplicity and the high purification factor and recovery rate achieved here. The functionality of the bio‐produced peptide was tested to ensure that the resulting peptide biosurfactant was both surface active and able to be triggered to switch between foam‐stabilizing and foam‐destabilizing states. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 176–187. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding intention of movement from electroencephalograms

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new framework for understanding intention of movement that can be used in developing non‐invasive brain–computer interfaces. The proposed method is based on extracting salient features from brain signals recorded whilst the subject is actually (or imagining) performing a wrist movement in different directions. Our method focuses on analysing the brain signals at the time preceding wrist movement, i.e. while the subject is preparing (or intending) to perform the movement. Feature selection and classification of the direction is done using a wrapper method based on support vector machines (SVMs). The classification results show that we are able to discriminate the directions using features extracted from brain signals prior to movement. We then extract rules from the SVM classifiers to compare the features extracted for real and imaginary movements in an attempt to understand the mechanisms of intention of movement. Our new approach could be potentially useful in building brain–computer interfaces where a paralysed person could communicate with a wheelchair and steer it to the desired direction using a rule‐based knowledge system based on understanding of the subject's intention to move through his/her brain signals.
A Reactive Location Service for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

We present and analyze a reactive location service RLS for mobile ad hoc networks. RLS provides a mobile node in a wireless ad-hoc network with the means to inquire the current geographical position of another node on-demand and can be used as a building block for location-based routing. We provide a comparison of RLS to an ideal omniscient location service as well as to the complex Grid Location Service (GLS). In addition, we compare the performance of greedy location-based routing in combination with RLS to the performance of a non-location-based ad hoc routing approach, namely Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). DSR was chosen for the comparison since RLS can be considered an adaptation of DSR\'s route discovery mechanisms to the location-based domain. We also introduce and study possible optimizations for RLS, in particular caching, random re-broadcast jitter, and re-broadcast suppression. The quantitative results of our NS-2 simulation study show a very good perform! ance of RLS combined with greedy routing, outperforming GLS and DSR for scenarios with high mobility and high node density.
KDS for Sericulture Cocoon Production

In this paper, we describe the formatting guidelines for ACM SIG Proceedings. Knowledge discovery is the process of analysing data for future planning. The nature of data and anomalies are different in different record data sets. The problem of detecting contextual anomalies in data sets is also different from the traditional anomaly detection problem. A time series is a chronological sequence of observations on a particular variable. Usually the observations are taken at regular intervals (days, months, years), but the sampling could be irregular. A time series analysis consists of two steps- building a model that represents a time series, and using the model to predict (forecast) future values. Anomaly depends on many factors such as temperature (season), Soil type etc. In our paper we proposed semi supervised learning for sericulture database. In sericulture the production of cocoons are analysed. The best, average and poor class label values depend on two approaches (1) Attributes like process knowledge, temperature, soil type, variety of mulberry plantation, use of fertilizers, turn of plantation etc. (2) Attribute contribution in terms of percentage. In semi supervised learning method in which input is line data stream and huge in nature. In the data stream, we can define class label val0ues for some instances but few instances are outlier. Outlier instances can be analysed using unsupervised learning. For semi supervised learning we are implementing Bayesian classification and rule based algorithm.