Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete Genome Sequence of the Chemolithoautotrophic Marine Magnetotactic Coccus Strain MC-1

ABSTRACT The marine bacterium strain MC-1 is a member of the alpha subgroup of the proteobacteria that contains the magnetotactic cocci and was the first member of this group to be cultured axenically. The magnetotactic cocci are not closely related to any other known alphaproteobacteria and are only distantly related to other magnetotactic bacteria. The genome of MC-1 contains an extensive (102 kb) magnetosome island that includes numerous genes that are conserved among all known magnetotactic bacteria, as well as some genes that are unique. Interestingly, certain genes that encode proteins considered to be important in magnetosome assembly (mamJ and mamW) are absent from the genome of MC-1. Magnetotactic cocci exhibit polar magneto-aerotaxis, and the MC-1 genome contains a relatively large number of identified chemotaxis genes. Although MC-1 is capable of both autotrophic and heterotrophic growth, it does not appear to be metabolically versatile, with heterotrophic growth confined to the utilization of acetate. Central carbon metabolism is encoded by genes for the citric acid cycle (oxidative and reductive), glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. The genome also reveals the presence or absence of specific genes involved in the nitrogen, sulfur, iron, and phosphate metabolism of MC-1, allowing us to infer the presence or absence of specific biochemical pathways in strain MC-1. The pathways inferred from the MC-1 genome provide important information regarding central metabolism in this strain that could provide insights useful for the isolation and cultivation of new magnetotactic bacterial strains, in particular strains of other magnetotactic cocci.
Drinking alcohol for medicinal purposes by people aged over 75: a community-based interview study.

BACKGROUND Physicians often encounter patients using alcohol as self-medication, but studies on community level are scarce. Because of alcohol-medicine interactions, it is important to know also all self-medication used. OBJECTIVE To describe alcohol use as self-medication by people aged over 75 years. METHODS The home-dwelling elderly (n = 699) among a random sample of 1000 subjects from the total population of individuals aged 75 years or more in the city of Kuopio, Finland, were interviewed about their alcohol consumption and use as self-medication and also about their lifestyle habits, medicaments and diseases. A geriatrician checked their medical records for medical conditions. RESULTS Half of the subjects consumed alcohol, and 40% of them used alcohol for medicinal purposes. This was equally common in females and males. The quantity used was half a unit or less in 68% of cases. Brandy and other spirits were the most commonly used beverages, and heart and vascular disorders (38%), sleep disorders (26%) and mental problems (23%) were the commonest reasons for use. The study found altogether 84 persons who responded negatively to the question about alcohol consumption but later reported using alcohol as self-medication. CONCLUSIONS Drinking alcohol for medicinal purposes is common among the aged in Finland. Some people, especially older women, may find it easier to discuss their alcohol consumption in the context of medicinal use. Physicians have to consider the possible risks of alcohol associated with concomitant medical conditions and interactions of alcohol with medicines.
Set membership approach to the propagation of uncertain geometric information

An alternative approach for the propagation of uncertain geometric information, based on the ideas presented by J.R. Deller (IEEE ASSP Magazine, vol.6, p.4-20, Oct. 1989) and extended to deal with graphs of geometric constraints, is presented. This method avoids the independency assumption of the probabilistic approach. In this approach, when new sensory data are acquired, a set of strips is obtained, propagated, and fused to obtain the updated ellipsoids associated with each feature, Then, the hypothesis about the location of the involved geometric features can be easily updated. Inconsistencies are easily detected, resulting in fast rejection of erroneous data. <<ETX>>
The Deployment of Product-Related Environmental Legislation into Product Requirements

Environmental legislation is increasingly changing its focus from manufacturing-oriented to product-oriented instruments. Compliance with product-related environmental legislation is achieved by the incorporation of environmental requirements into the early phases of the product development process (PDP). Nevertheless, the deployment of product-related environmental legislation into product requirements is still a challenge. This study followed an inductive approach to propose a guideline to support the identification, analysis and deployment of product requirements based on product-related environmental legislation. The guideline is composed of nine steps, clustered into three groups according to their main objective: (A) identification of environmental product-related legislation; (B) identification of legislative topics to be considered for the deployment of requirements; and (C) creation and validation of product requirements. The product requirements deployed are to be considered during the PDP. The guideline was evaluated in an expert consultation in a large manufacturing company, suggesting that it can be used to support the systematization and deployment of product-related environmental requirements.
Sum-Rate Analysis of MIMO Broadcast Channel with Random Unitary Beamforming

In this paper, we present the exact sum-rate analysis of the multiuser MIMO system with random unitary beamforming (RUB). Specifically, with the derived statistics of ordered beam signal to interference and noise ratio, we obtain the analytical expression of system sum rate for arbitrary number of users. The effects of system parameters, including the number of users, the number of transmit antennas and the signal to noise ratio (SNR), on the sum rate are examined through numerical methods. Besides, we develop an upper bound for the sum rate, which reveals that the sum rate with RUB benefits mainly from multiuser directional diversity gain when SNR is high.
Origins of Stochasticity and Burstiness in High-Dimensional Biochemical Networks

Two major approaches are known in the field of stochastic dynamics of intracellular biochemical networks. The first one places the focus of attention on the fact that many biochemical constituents vitally important for the network functionality may be present only in small quantities within the cell, and therefore the regulatory process is essentially discrete and prone to relatively big fluctuations. The second approach treats the regulatory process as essentially continuous. Complex pseudostochastic behavior in such processes may occur due to multistability and oscillatory motions within limit cycles. In this paper we outline the third scenario of stochasticity in the regulatory process. This scenario is only conceivable in high-dimensional highly nonlinear systems. In particular, we show that burstiness, a well-known phenomenon in the biology of gene expression, is a natural consequence of high dimensionality coupled with high nonlinearity. In mathematical terms, burstiness is associated with heavy-tailed probability distributions of stochastic processes describing the dynamics of the system. We demonstrate how the "shot" noise originates from purely deterministic behavior of the underlying dynamical system. We conclude that the limiting stochastic process may be accurately approximated by the "heavy-tailed" generalized Pareto process which is a direct mathematical expression of burstiness.
Secrecy in the first-price auction

This paper endogenizes whether bidders’ participation is observable to other bidders in a first-price auction with iid private values. After learning their values, bidders decide whether to participate “publicly”, “secretly”, or not at all. If public participation is more costly, bidders never participate publicly in any equilibrium. If secrecy entails a small extra cost, all symmetric equilibria exhibit a mixture of secret and public participation, and switching to a second-price format increases expected revenue and expected total welfare among all symmetric equilibria.
"Power tags" in information retrieval

Purpose – Many Web 2.0 services (including Library 2.0 catalogs) make use of folksonomies. The purpose of this paper is to cut off all tags in the long tail of a document‐specific tag distribution. The remaining tags at the beginning of a tag distribution are considered power tags and form a new, additional search option in information retrieval systems.Design/methodology/approach – In a theoretical approach the paper discusses document‐specific tag distributions (power law and inverse‐logistic shape), the development of such distributions (Yule‐Simon process and shuffling theory) and introduces search tags (besides the well‐known index tags) as a possibility for generating tag distributions.Findings – Search tags are compatible with broad and narrow folksonomies and with all knowledge organization systems (e.g. classification systems and thesauri), while index tags are only applicable in broad folksonomies. Based on these findings, the paper presents a sketch of an algorithm for mining and processing pow.
Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Arrhythmogenesis: Lessons from the Heart

Disruptions in the orderly activation and recovery of electrical excitation traveling through the heart and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can lead to arrhythmogenesis. For example, cardiac arrhythmias predispose to thromboembolic events resulting in cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarction, and to sudden cardiac death. By contrast, arrhythmias in the GI tract are usually not life-threatening and much less well characterized. However, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of GI motility disorders, including gastroparesis, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, mesenteric ischaemia, Hirschsprung disease, slow transit constipation, all of which are associated with significant morbidity. Both cardiac and gastrointestinal arrhythmias can broadly be divided into non-reentrant and reentrant activity. The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenesis in both systems to provide insight into the pathogenesis of GI motility disorders and potential molecular targets for future therapy.
0 21 20 28 v 2 3 D ec 2 00 2 Number of loops of size h in growing scale-free networks

Number of loops of size h in growing scale-free networks. The hierarchical structure of scale-free networks has been investigated focusing on the scaling of the number N h (t) of loops of size h as a function of the system size. In particular we have found the analytic expression for the scaling of N h (t) in the Barabási-Albert scale-free network. We have performed numerical simulations on the scaling law for N h (t) in the BA network and in other growing scale free networks, such as the bosonic network and the aging nodes network. We show that in the bosonic network and in the aging node network the phase transitions in the topology of the network are accompained by a change in the scaling of the number of loops with the system size. Natural and social systems ranging from protein-protein interactions [1] to the World Wide Web [2] can be represented as scale-free (SF) networks [3–6], that is, as a set of nodes connected by links with special statistical properties. These systems are characterized by large fluctuations in the individual degrees, i.e. in the number of links pointing or leaving each node. In a SF network, the statistical distribution P (k) of the degree k is a power law P (k) ∼ k −γ. Accordingly, if γ < 3, the individual degree distribution displays infinite variance in the limit of infinite network size. Besides this striking property, models traditionally defined on regular lattices display peculiar effects when defined on a scale-free topology instead [7–12]. Such phenomena have increased the interest in finding universal mechanisms to generate SF networks, which seem to arise independently in so diverse contexts. Recently, these properties have been reproduced by the Barabási-Albert (BA) dynamical model of a random network. Its simple and natural algorithm, based on a " preferential attachment " rule [2, 13], triggered an avalanche of research activity in the field and generated a rich " zoology " of SF network models sharing the same fundamental ingredients. Though recently alternative mechanisms [14,15] for the generation of scale-free network have been proposed, in this work we restrict our attention to growing scale-free networks with " preferential attachment ". But the degree distribution is not the only relevant topo-logical quantity. For the characterization of networks it is necessary to look at the motifs [16–18] recurrent on it and in particular at the number of loops …
Origin of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode efficiency improvements using tunnel-junction-cascaded active regions

This Letter investigates the efficiency enhancement achieved by tunnel junction insertion into the InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) active region of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs). The peak quantum efficiency of such LED exceeds 100%, but the maximum wall-plug efficiency (WPE) hardly changes. However, due to the increased bias, the WPE peaks at much higher input power, i.e., the WPE droop is significantly delayed, and the output power is strongly enhanced. The main physical reason for this improvement lies in the non-uniform vertical carrier distribution typically observed within InGaN MQWs.
Background to Qualitative Decision Theory

■ This article provides an overview of the field of qualitative decision theory: its motivating tasks and issues, its antecedents, and its prospects. Qualitative decision theory studies qualitative approaches to problems of decision making and their sound and effective reconciliation and integration with quantitative approaches. Although it inherits from a long tradition, the field offers a new focus on a number of important unanswered questions of common concern to AI, economics, law, psychology, and management.
Activity-dependent conduction block in multifocal motor neuropathy

Background: Multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is often misdiagnosed as motor neuron disease, especially when overt evidence of conduction block (CB) is lacking. Activity-dependent CB (ADCB), defined as transient CB induced by brief exercise, has been recently found in MMN but not in ALS. Methods: To test the diagnostic utility of ADCB for differentiating MMN from ALS, the authors recorded the compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) from small hand muscles by magnetically stimulating nerve roots before and after 1 minute of maximal voluntary contraction (magnetic fatigue test). They examined nine patients with MMN with unequivocal clinical responses to IV immunoglobulins (IVIgs), yet lacked CB according to the conventional criteria. Results: Six MMN patients had postexercise CB/temporal dispersion maximum in the immediate postexercise period. ADCB in an MMN patient improved after IVIg. Further analysis revealed that prolongation of the duration from the onset to the positive peak of the CMAP was the most sensitive indicator for MMN, presumably because the phase cancellation obscures the abnormalities of the other parameters. Conclusion: The magnetic fatigue test is useful in detecting mild conduction block presumably located in a proximal nerve segment in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy who do not fulfill its conventional electrodiagnostic criteria.
Structured Pseudospectra and the Condition of a Nonderogatory Eigenvalue

Let $\lambda$ be a nonderogatory eigenvalue of $A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ of algebraic multiplicity $m$. The sensitivity of $\lambda$ with respect to matrix perturbations of the form $A\leadsto A+\Delta$, $\Delta\in\boldsymbol{\Delta}$, is measured by the structured condition number $\kappa_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(A,\lambda)$. Here $\boldsymbol{\Delta}$ denotes the set of admissible perturbations. However, if $\boldsymbol{\Delta}$ is not a vector space over $\mathbb{C}$, then $\kappa_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(A,\lambda)$ provides only incomplete information about the mobility of $\lambda$ under small perturbations from $\boldsymbol{\Delta}$. The full information is then given by the set $K_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(x,y)=\{y^*\Delta x;$ $\Delta\in\boldsymbol{\Delta},$ $\|\Delta\|\leq1\}\subset\mathbb{C}$ that depends on $\boldsymbol{\Delta}$, a pair of normalized right and left eigenvectors $x,y$, and the norm $\|\cdot\|$ that measures the size of the perturbations. We always have $\kappa_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(A,\lambda)=\max\{|z|^{1/m};$ $z\in K_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(x,y)\}$. Furthermore, $K_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(x,y)$ determines the shape and growth of the $\boldsymbol{\Delta}$-structured pseudospectrum in a neighborhood of $\lambda$. In this paper we study the sets $K_{\boldsymbol{\Delta}}(x,y)$ and obtain methods for computing them. In doing so we obtain explicit formulae for structured eigenvalue condition numbers with respect to many important perturbation classes.
NODDI-DTI: extracting neurite orientation and dispersion parameters from a diffusion tensor

NODDI-DTI is a simplification of the NODDI model that, when its underlying assumptions are met, allows extraction of biophysical parameters from standard single-shell DTI data, permitting biophysical analysis of DTI datasets. In contrast to the NODDI signal model, the NODDI-DTI signal model contains no CSF compartment, restricting its application to voxels with very low CSF partial-volume contamination. This simplification allowed derivation of simple analytical relations between parameters representing axon density, v and dispersion, τ, and DTI invariants (MD and FA) through moment expansion of the NODDI-DTI signal model. These relations formally allow extraction of biophysical parameters from DTI data. It should be emphasised that the NODDI-DTI model inherits the strong assumptions of the NODDI model, and so is nominally restricted to analysis of healthy brains. NODDI-DTI parameter estimates were computed by applying the proposed analytical relations to DTI parameters extracted from the first shell of data, and compared to parameters extracted by fitting the NODDI-DTI model to (i) both shells (recommended) and (ii) the first shell (as for DTI) of data in the white matter of three different in vivo diffusion datasets. NODDI-DTI parameters estimated from DTI and NODDI-DTI parameters estimated by fitting the model to the first shell of data gave similar errors compared to two-shell NODDI-DTI estimates. The NODDI-DTI method gave unphysical parameter estimates in a small percentage of voxels, reflecting voxelwise DTI estimation error or NODDI-DTI model invalidity. In the course of evaluating the NODDI-DTI model it was found that diffusional kurtosis strongly biased DTI-based MD values, and so a novel heuristic correction requiring only DTI data was derived and used to account for this bias. Our results demonstrate that NODDI-DTI is a promising model and technique to interpret restricted datasets acquired for DTI analysis with greater biophysical specificity, though its limitations must be borne in mind.
Pair Programming: When and Why it Works

Pair programming is a software development technique where two programmers work together at a single PC. Over the past few years, pair programming has emerged as a promising method for creating higher-quality software in a time-efficient manner. It is a central aspect of many agile software development methods. While prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of pair programming, there is still limited understanding as to when and why it is effective. Our research into the underlying reasons for success – and limitations of – pair programming employs a twophase method. In the first phase, we are conducting ethnographic studies of software development teams in industry that currently employ pair programming. We will use the results of this phase of the research to drive the second phase of the research: a laboratory study of pair programming with professional developers as participants.
Acquisition of Multi-Modal Expression of Slip through Pick-Up Experiences

To realize adaptive and robust manipulation, a robot should have several sensing modalities and coordinate their outputs to achieve the given task based on underlying constraint in the real environment. This paper discusses on acquisition of multi-modal expression of slip consisting of vibration, pressure, and vision sensations through pick-up experiences. A sensor network is proposed to acquire the expression, whose learning ability is demonstrated by a real experiment. The applicability of the learned network is also demonstrated by experiments to realize adaptive picking
Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development

In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra–individual and inter–individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviours, but not uncorrelated behaviours (what we term ‘correspondence’ throughout this paper), or whether more complex interactions of processes give rise to population–level patterns of covariation (termed ‘emergence’). The paper is organized in three parts, with part I providing the main arguments, part II reviewing some of the past approaches at (partial) integration, and part III outlining conclusions of how future personality psychology should progress towards complete integration. Working definitions for the central terms are provided in the appendix. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
Cameras for stereo panoramic imaging

A panorama for visual stereo consists of a pair of panoramic images, where one panorama is for the left eye, and another panorama is for the right eye. A panoramic stereo pair provides a stereo sensation lip to a full 360 degrees. A stereo panorama cannot be photographed by two omnidirectional cameras from two viewpoints. It is normally constructed by mosaicing together images from a rotating stereo pair, or from a single moving camera. Capturing stereo panoramic images by a rotating camera makes it impossible to capture dynamic scenes at video rates, and limits stereo panoramic imaging to stationary scenes. This paper presents two possibilities for capturing stereo panoramic images using optics, without any moving parts. A special mirror is introduced such that viewing the scene through this mirror creates the same rays as those used with the rotating cameras. Such a mirror enables the capture of stereo panoramic movies with a regular video camera. A lens for stereo panorama is also introduced. The designs of the mirror and of the lens are based on curves whose caustic is a circle.