Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is phonology going haywire in dying languages? Phonological variations in Chipewyan and Sarcee

ABSTRACT The two most conspicuous phenomena reported on dying languages are (a) structural (and stylistic) simplifications and (b) dramatic increases of variability due to incongruent and idiosyncratic “change. ” The phonological data from two Athapaskan languages, as well as other published data (Dorian 1973, 1978; Hill 1978; Schmidt 1985a), demonstrate that underlying the apparent degeneration of the system there is an orderly progression which is viewed as a retarded process of language acquisition. Different semispeakers reach different levels of maturity due to different degrees of retardation, consequently increasing variability and complexity for the total system, whereas each idiolect undergoes systematic developmental stages albeit retarded, decreasing eventually structural (and stylistic) profusion. Therefore, a dying language mirrors the successive stages of ontogenesis. (Historical linguistics, language acquisition, language death, language contact, bilingualism, sociolinguistics)
Prescriptive theory of acute pain management in infants and children.

PURPOSE To present a middle-range nursing theory of acute pain management that provides direction for practice and research. CLIENT POPULATION: Patients from 6 months to 12 years old who have acute pain. CONCLUSIONS The potential of the proposed theory, Acute Pain Management in Infants and Children, is to assist nurses in managing clinical pain and to expand the knowledge and research base in children's pain. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS To provide clinicians with prescriptions for pain reduction and a conceptual basis for pain interventions. Statement and theory testing are needed to determine adequacy of this theory for infants and children experiencing acute pain.
TGF-beta1 is the factor secreted by proliferative chondrocytes to inhibit neo-angiogenesis.

Growth plate is an avascular tissue, which has been reported to be capable of retarding tumor spread. It is believed that angiogenic inhibitor(s) exist to inhibit the neo-vascularization of tumor, thus impeding the tumor growth. In this study, growth plate chondrocyte-derived TGFbeta1 was identified to be anti-angiogenic. It was found that growth plate chondrocytes (GPC) secreted TGFbeta1 mostly in latent form as demonstrated by gel filtration and immunoblotting. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was followed to quantify TGFbeta1 in GPC conditioned medium (CM), in which 866 pg/ml of TGFbeta1 was found. Besides, the angiogenesis inhibitory effect of GPC CM was abolished by the addition of anti-TGFbeta1 antibody in the in vitro culture system and the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. This confirmed the anti-angiogenic properties of chondrocyte-derived TGFbeta1. TGFbeta1 was expressed predominantly in the proliferative zone of porcine growth plate. This explains the low incidence of tumor invasion across the entire growth plate. Also, this helps to explain the observation that tumor invasion across the physis increases with age as the proliferative zone gradually disappears. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 36: 79-88, 2001.
Principal–Agent Analysis and Pathological Delegation: The (Almost) Untold Story

Principal–agent (PA) has come a long way since it was introduced to the political science sphere. Nowadays, PA has established itself as an institutional midrange theoretical framework that encompasses various methodological as well as theoretical approaches. This article argues, however, that scholars still assume, a priori, that the agent is an opportunistic and disloyal actor. This article seeks to question this theoretical assumption by demonstrating how principals could be as much problematic as their agents, a phenomenon that it terms “pathological delegation. ” In so doing, it offers a first analysis of the small strand of the literature that examines problems embedded in the principals' side as well as provides new empirical evidence in the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy. Finally, the article posits that scholars should not treat pathological delegation as an anomaly but rather attempt to integrate, test, and develop new theoretical assumptions on this phenomenon.
Findings and Outcome in Whiplash‐Type Neck Distortions

Study Design The authors assessed the clinical and imaging findings and late outcome in 50 patients with whiplash-type neck distortions (17 men, 33 women, mean age 33 years). Summary of Background Data Early symptoms are neck pain, stiffness, and sometimes radiating pain; later bizarre symptomatology poses intricate clinical and medicolegal problems. Pathoanatomic studies indicate that soft tissue injuries may be overlooked. Methods Repeated clinical and radiographic examinations (plain and flexion-extension radiograms and contrast magnetic resonance imaging evaluated with a new grading system); surgical findings; follow-up were performed after 1 and 5 years by an independent observer neurologist. Results Neck pain persisted in 24 patients; radiating pain developed within 6 weeks in 19 patients. Two patients with segmental instability had posterior fusions and complete pain relief. Eight patients with severe radiating pain and large disc protrusions on magnetic resonance had nine surgically confirmed fresh disc herniations. Discectomy and fusion alleviated pain in these patients, whereas symptoms largely persisted in the conservatively treated patient. Conclusions A high incidence of discoligamentous injuries was found in whiplash-type distortions. Most patients with severe persisting radiating pain had large disc protrusions on MRI that were confirmed as herniations at surgery. Neck and radiating pain were alleviated by early disc excision and fusion.
GLRT based Bartlett detection for spectrum sensing in multi-antenna cognitive radio

This work proposes a Bartlett spectral detection (BSD) framework for spectrum sensing in a phased array cognitive radio system, considering both non-fading and fading channel scenarios. It is demonstrated that the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) for primary user detection in a non-fading AWGN multi-antenna array system and the Neyman-Pearson (NP) detector for a multi-antenna fading wireless channel are both given by the Bartlett spectral estimate. Closed form expressions are derived to characterize the performance of the proposed BSD in terms of probabilities of false alarm and detection for the above scenarios. Further, this framework is also extended to a fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless scenario. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the improved detection performance of the proposed technique in comparison to several other existing schemes and also to validate the analytical results.
Student Voice, Cultural Change: Using Inquiry in School Reform

Since 1998, the Center for Research in Educational Equity, Assessment, and Teaching Excellence (CREATE) at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) has formed partnerships with 18 lowperforming elementary and secondary schools that serve a largely minority student population from economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. The university created these partnerships following the passage of Proposition 209 in 1995, which ended affirmative action in university admissions in California. At that time, the state legislature charged the University of California system to increase diversity on each of the 10 campuses. At UCSD, CREATE and its partnership schools were established as a response. We work in CREATE and, along with our colleagues, we are responsible for developing, sustaining, and studying UCSD’s partnerships with 18 schools in San Diego County. As two of three partnership coordinators, we serve as the primary liaison for 12 schools (each partnership coordinator works with 6 schools). Our 12 schools include four high schools, two middle schools, and six elementary schools. As partnership coordinators, we develop resources, implement programs for the partnership schools, and provide technical support such as tutors, teacher professional development opportunities, and parent education. As action researchers, we also are responsible for studying the partnership schools and using that knowledge to inform the partnership process and our school reform efforts. The technical supports we often provide schools certainly can help UCSD meet the legislature’s charge to increase campus diversity. However, we also know from our everyday experiences in schools and communities that technical resources alone cannot tackle deeply rooted patterns of educational inequality. Cultural, social, economic, and political issues permeate the urban school, community, and classroom contexts within which we work, and these issues circumscribe beliefs about teaching, learning, and student achievement. Con-
Differential Labor Force Participation of Women in Latin American and Middle Eastern Countries: The Influence of Family Characteristics

The relative importance of marital and fertility characteristics upon female employment rates is tested in an attempt to explain the significant differential in women's nonagricultural participation rates between Latin American and Middle Eastern countries. Despite the striking differences in characteristics between the two populations with respect to variables centrally related to woman's employability, there is not enough evidence of the influence of these differences upon female employment rates. When the female population in Chile is subjected through standardization analysis to the same marital and fertility characteristics of Egypt, they continued to manifest high overall participation rates. Estimation of the womanpower potential in three Middle Eastern countries given their presetnt marital characteristics shows that if women in these societies had the same propensity to be employed as women in Latin America, the overall nonagricultural female activity rate would increase threefold in Morocco, fivefold in Egypt and sevenfold in Pakistan. It is suggested that the explanation for the regional differential has to be sought in a comparative study of family and kinship organization between Latin American and Middle Eastern societies with special reference to the role of the kinship unit in the system of social control.
Generating Consistent Motion Transition via Decoupled Framespace Interpolation

The framespace interpolation algorithm abstracts motion sequences as 1D signals, and interpolates between them to create higher dimension signals, with weights drawn from a user specified curve in a bounded region. We reformulate the algorithm to achieve motion‐state based transition via dynamic warping of framespaces and automatic transition timing via framespace frequency interpolation. Basis motions displaying diverse coordination configurations between upper and lower body‐halves, cannot be consistently corresponded at a macro level. We address this problem here, through decoupled blending of these halves to achieve true consistency, and eliminate accumulated phase differences via cosine phase warp functions. This generalization enables interpolation of motions with diverse coordinations between the upper and lower bodies.
De la dependencia a la independencia: representaciones maternas acerca del vínculo con el bebé en el primer año de vida

In this paper we present a study that intended to establish meaningful relations between maternal representations, in particular those linked to the passage between breast-feeding and spoon-feeding, attachment representations (Main et al. 1985) and Reflective Functioning (Fonagy et al 1993) in 27 Argentinean mothers. Results show two representational configurations, one that associates mother’s secure-autono mous working model of attachment to the recognition of a progressive distance in the relationship with the baby throughout the second semester and another one that links dismissing working model of attachment to a lack of recognition of such a distance.
Temporal and spatial relationship of pylorus to antroduodenal motility in functional dyspepsia.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the temporal and spatial relationship of pylorus to antroduodenal motility in functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS Eleven healthy subjects (HS) and 14 patients with FD were studied. Antral-pyloro-duodenal manometry was performed for 3 hours fasting and 2 hours after 80 Kcal of solid test meal. RESULTS (1) The incidence of phase III was 7/11 in HS and 3/14 in FD in antrum (P < 0.05), 8/11 and 4/14 in pylorus (P < 0.05), 10/11 and 6/14 in duodenum (P < 0.05), respectively. (2) The percentage of antropyloroduodenal coordinations during phase II of MMC was 58.5% in HS and 18.5% in FD (P < 0.001). (3) The pyloroduodenal coordination was 78.2% and 38.9% (P < 0.01) at 60 minutes after meal and 77.1% and 54.0% (P < 0.01) at 120 minutes postprandially in HS and in FD. (4) The percentage of isolated pyloric pressure waves (IPPWs) was 4.8%, 29.7% (P < 0.001) at 60 minutes, and 9.3%, 25.1% (P < 0.01) at 120 minutes in HS and FD. CONCLUSIONS There were abnormalities of gastro-pyloro-duodenal motility in both interdigestive and digestive stages; the higher incidence of IPPWs and disordered temporal and spatial relationship of pylorus to antroduodenal motility may result in a delayed gastric emptying in FD. The possible mechanism may be involved in abnormal neural control.
New Inflectional Lexicons and Training Corpora for Improved Morphosyntactic Annotation of Croatian and Serbian

In this paper we present newly developed inflectional lexcions and manually annotated corpora of Croatian and Serbian. We introduce hrLex and srLex - two freely available inflectional lexicons of Croatian and Serbian - and describe the process of building these lexicons, supported by supervised machine learning techniques for lemma and paradigm prediction. Furthermore, we introduce hr500k, a manually annotated corpus of Croatian, 500 thousand tokens in size. We showcase the three newly developed resources on the task of morphosyntactic annotation of both languages by using a recently developed CRF tagger. We achieve best results yet reported on the task for both languages, beating the HunPos baseline trained on the same datasets by a wide margin.
Person-organisation fit and turnover intention: the mediating role of work engagement

Purpose: The congruence between the values employees hold and the culture of an organization (personorganization fit) is important in influencing employee turnover. Generally, studies have shown that the personorganization fit is negatively related to turnover intention. Nevertheless, several meta-analytical studies have reported weaker relationships between the two constructs. In addition, minimal effort has been made to study the actual mechanism through which the person-organization fit is likely to influence an individual’s intent to quit. The purpose of the present paper is to highlight the need for an intermediary link between the personorganization fit and turnover intention, and to propose the integration of employee engagement as a potential mediating factor. Design: The social exchange theory and Lewin’s field theory were adopted for the development of theoretical linkages among the person-organization fit, employee engagement and turnover intention. Findings: It is postulated that employment engagement will mediate the relationship between the personorganization fit and turnover intention. The person-organization fit (in terms of value and goal congruence) will provide greater meaningfulness and psychological attachment, which will then lead individuals to a higher level of employee engagement. In the long run, individuals with a higher level of employee engagement would be less likely to leave the organization. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the person-organization fit, employee engagement and turnover literature by proposing a mediating conceptual model to better explain the causal relationship among the constructs.
Goal-Oriented Leadership in Swedish Schools

Bert Stålhammar is at the Skolledar Hogskolan in Orebro, Sweden. He suggests that in Sweden, the head is faced with new demands from society which entail a move from a school system dominated by rule-oriented management to one which emphasises goal-oriented management. In this context heads can no longer rely on the authority they derive from position and must instead cultivate a credibility based on competence. Much of the paper spells out what is involved in such a shift.
Schools as Incubators of Democratic Participation: Building Long-Term Political Efficacy with Civic Education

Despite a growing consensus that civic education is an important aspect of political socialization, little research has prospectively examined how gains made during civics courses are maintained after high school. This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine longer-term effects of the Student Voices program, which was originally evaluated in Philadelphia public high schools during the 2002–2003 school year. Following the 2004 presidential election, researchers recontacted students who had participated in the program for one or two semesters and students who had been in control civics classrooms. A structural equation model indicated that students who experienced two semesters of the program reported greater self-efficacy for political participation and that this effect carried over to increased political attentiveness as well as to knowledge of candidate positions. In addition, political attentiveness increased knowledge and voting in the election. However, neither knowledge nor efficacy had direct effects on voting once attentiveness was controlled. The results suggest that a supplementary civics education program such as Student Voices can increase subsequent participation in politics by building long-term gains in political self-efficacy and skills in using the news media to follow government and political affairs.
Mechanical and Myocardial Factors in Rheumatic Heart Disease with Mitral Stenosis

Sixteen patients with rheumatic heart disease and pure mitral stenosis, studied by cardiac catheterization, are presented to illustrate the relative importance of mitral block and myocardial insufficiency in this disease. Analysis of hemodynamic data permitted a separation of those patients with predominantly mechanical mitral block from those in whom myocardial insufficiency appeared to be the predominant lesion. The importance of recognizing the existence of the latter group is emphasized, since commissurotomy will not be of benefit in such cases.
A cross-media retrieval system for lecture videos

We propose a cross-media lecture-on-demand system, in which users can selectively view specific segments of lecture videos by submitting text queries. Users can easily formulate queries by using the textbook associated with a target lecture, even if they cannot come up with effective keywords. Our system extracts the audio track from a target lecture video, generates a transcription by large vocabulary continuous speech recognition, and produces a text index. Experimental results showed that by adapting speech recognition to the topic of the lecture, the recognition accuracy increased and the retrieval accuracy was comparable with that obtained by human transcription.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Uganda; Are Orphans More Malnourished Than Non-Orphans

Many scholars and policy makers have often said that orphaned children are more vulnerable than any other children within the same environment in which they live. This paper compared the nutrition status of orphans and non-orphans to see if orphans were more malnourished and if not to investigate factors affecting nutrition of children. It is based on the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data. The analysis compared orphans and non-orphaned children in relation to the three anthropometric measures of underweight, stunting and wasting limiting itself to -2SD. The findings indicated that orphans (wasting-33.1%, underweight-17.0% and stunted-5.9%) were not more malnourished than non-orphans (wasting-39.2%, underweight-17.2% and stunted-6.5%). Results showed that maternal orphans (48.2%) are affected more in terms of nutritional indicators at least in the short term than paternal orphans (29.0%). The most important determinant on nutrition was the household wealth index and level of education of the mother for children living with their mothers in the same households.
Engagement Differences for 2-year-olds Identified as Late Talker

The investigators compared engagement in language-rich activities for 2-year-olds identified as late talkers and their typically developing peers. Participants included twelve 2-year-old children ranging in age from 24-to 33-months of age ( M = 27 months; SD = 2.906), three were identified as being typically developing, five were identified as having expressive-only language delay, and four were identified as having expressive and receptive language delay. From videotaped interactions, child behaviors were coded as unengaged (e.g., uninvolved with any specific people, objects, or symbols), onlooking (e.g., watching researcher or parent activity, but not taking part), person engaged (e.g., involved solely with researcher/parent as social partners), or object engaged (e.g., playing with objects such as toys and/or picture symbols alone) for 15-second increments of all videotaped interactions ( M = 378.13 minutes per participant; SD = 11.89). Consistent with previous findings for typically developing and expressive-only late talkers, no significant engagement differences were noted across participant groupings; however, a nonsignificant trend was notable for object-engagement with expressive-receptive late talkers.
Scaling Bloom filter based multicast with hierarchical tree splitting

Bloom Filter based multicast has been proposed as a source-specific multicast solution to eliminate the multicast state requirements in the routers. However, the inherent limitation, the false positives, in the Bloom filter data structure amplifies the bandwidth wastage when the multicast tree scales to a large number of receivers. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which enhances the performance of the Bloom filter based multicast. It keeps the bandwidth waste below an acceptable upper bound while scaling the multicast tree for a large number of receivers. The large multicast tree is split into multiple smaller ones which are encoded into separate Bloom filters. Our algorithm enables multicast forwarding to be efficient - with careful setting of some parameters - for a hundreds of receivers as compared to the 20-30 receivers per group in the original technique. Furthermore, our algorithm, while slightly increasing the state requirements in the multicast sources, retains the desired property of statelessness in the intermediate routers.