Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE HOST GALAXY OF THE SUPER-LUMINOUS SN 2010gx AND LIMITS ON EXPLOSIVE 56Ni PRODUCTION

Super-luminous supernovae have a tendency to occur in faint host galaxies which are likely to have low mass and low metallicity. While these extremely luminous explosions have been observed from z = 0.1 to 1.55, the closest explosions allow more detailed investigations of their host galaxies. We present a detailed analysis of the host galaxy of SN 2010gx (z = 0.23), one of the best studied super-luminous type Ic supernovae. The host is a dwarf galaxy (Mg = −17.42 ± 0.17) with a high specific star formation rate. It has a remarkably low metallicity of 12 + log (O/H) = 7.5 ± 0.1 dex as determined from the detection of the [O iii] λ4363 line. This is the first reliable metallicity determination of a super-luminous stripped-envelope supernova host. We collected deep multi-epoch imaging with Gemini + GMOS between 240 and 560 days after explosion to search for any sign of radioactive 56Ni, which might provide further insights on the explosion mechanism and the progenitor's nature. We reach griz magnitudes of mAB ∼ 26, but do not detect SN 2010gx at these epochs. The limit implies that any 56Ni production was similar to or below that of SN 1998bw (a luminous type Ic SN that produced around 0.4 M☉ of 56Ni). The low volumetric rates of these supernovae (∼10−4 of the core-collapse population) could be qualitatively matched if the explosion mechanism requires a combination of low-metallicity (below 0.2 Z☉), high progenitor mass (>60 M☉) and high rotation rate (fastest 10% of rotators).
Geometry of Curves

Preliminaries Lines, Circles and Conics Conics: General Position Some Higher Algebraic and Transcendental Curves Parameters, Tangents, Normals. Contact, Inflexions Undulations Cusps, Non-Regular Points Curvature Curvature Applications Circle of Curvature Limacons Evolutes Parallels, Involutes Roulettes Envelopes Singular Points of Algebraic Curves Projective Curves
Identification of Widely Linear Systems Using Data-Dependent Superimposed Training

In this correspondence, we address the identification of widely linear (WL) systems using data-dependent superimposed training (DDST). The analysis shows that the nonlinear nature of WL systems can be exploited to decouple the finite impulse responses of the filters that constitute the system under identification. Unlike the DDST scheme considered for strictly linear systems, for the WL scenario two data-dependent sequences are required to distort the transmitted data and avoid interference with the training sequence during the estimation process. Closed form expressions for sequences with a complete second order characterization (good periodic autocorrelation and zero complementary periodic autocorrelation) are also provided. The performance of the method is compared with other techniques using numerical simulations.
Renormalization of Extended QCD2

Extended QCD (XQCD) proposed by Kaplan [1] is an interesting reformulation of QCD with additional bosonic auxiliary fields. While its partition function is kept exactly the same as that of original QCD, XQCD naturally contains properties of low energy hadronic models. We analyze the renormalization group flow of two-dimensional (X)QCD, which is solvable in the limit of large number of colors Nc, to understand what kind of roles the auxiliary degrees of freedom play and how the hadronic picture emerges in the low energy region.
Deep Learning for InSAR Phase Filtering: An Optimized Framework for Phase Unwrapping

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data processing applications, such as deformation monitoring and topographic mapping, require an interferometric phase filtering step. Indeed, the filtering quality significantly impacts the deformation and terrain height estimation accuracy. However, the existing classical and deep learning-based phase filtering methods provide artefacts in the filtered areas where a large amount of noise prevents retrieving the original signal. In this way, we can no longer distinguish the underlying informative signal for the next processing step. This paper proposes a deep convolutional neural network filtering method, developing a novel learning strategy to preserve the initial phase noise input into these crucial areas. Thanks to the encoder–decoder powerful phase feature extraction ability, the network can predict an accurate coherence and filtered interferometric phase, ensuring reliable final results. Furthermore, we also address a novel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferograms simulation strategy that, using initial parameters estimated from real SAR images, considers physical behaviors typical of a real acquisition. According to the results achieved on simulated and real InSAR data, the proposed filtering method significantly outperforms the classical and deep learning-based ones.
Constrained Convex Neyman-Pearson Classification Using an Outer Approximation Splitting Method

This paper presents an algorithm for Neyman-Pearson classification. While empirical risk minimization approaches focus on minimizing a global risk, the Neyman-Pearson framework minimizes the type II risk under an upper bound constraint on the type I risk. Since the 0=1 loss function is not convex, optimization methods employ convex surrogates that lead to tractable minimization problems. As shown in recent work, statistical bounds can be derived to quantify the cost of using such surrogates instead of the exact 1/0 loss. However, no specific algorithm has yet been proposed to actually solve the resulting minimization problem numerically. The contribution of this paper is to propose an efficient splitting algorithm to address this issue. Our method alternates a gradient step on the objective surrogate risk and an approximate projection step onto the constraint set, which is implemented by means of an outer approximation subgradient projection algorithm. Experiments on both synthetic data and biological data show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Is the wind of the Oe star HD 155806 magnetically confined?

Abstract Spectropolarimetric observations of HD 155806 – the hottest Galactic Oe star – were obtained with CFHT/ESPaDOnS to test the hypothesis that disk signatures in its spectrum are due to magnetic channeling and confinement of its stellar wind. We did not detect a dipole field of sufficient strength to confine the wind, and could not confirm previous reports of a magnetic detection. It appears that stellar magnetism is not responsible for producing the disk of HD 155806.
Investigation of Chemical Compounds and Evaluation of Toxicity, Antibacterial, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Three Selected Essential Oils and Their Mixtures with Moroccan Thyme Honey

Throughout history, honey has been used to treat various diseases. The present work examined and assessed the in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Moroccan thyme honey and its association with essential oils from three selected plants: Origanum vulgare L. ; Mentha spicata L. ; Eucalyptus globulus L. The chemical composition of the essential oils was studied, and preliminary toxicity, in vitro anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial tests were conducted. Then the anti-inflammatory effect was determined by applying carrageenan and an experimental trauma-induced paw edema test in rats. The essential oils were rich in phytochemicals and showed significant antibacterial activity against four selected ATCC bacterial strains. The results revealed the significant anti-inflammatory potential of honey and mixtures with essential oils and indicated higher efficiency of mixtures compared to honey alone. It can be concluded that the mixtures of honey and essential oils have advantageous anti-inflammatory effects and may be used for treating different types of inflammation in humans after certain clinical trials.
Critical rotation of an annular superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate

We analyze the excitation spectrum of a superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate rotating in a ring trap. We identify two important branches of the spectrum related to outer and inner edge surface modes that lead to the instability of the superfluid. Depending on the initial circulation of the annular condensate, either the outer or the inner modes become first unstable. This instability is crucially related to the superfluid nature of the rotating gas. In particular, we point out the existence of a maximal circulation above which the superflow decays spontaneously, which cannot be explained by invoking the average speed of sound.
Combined Effects of the ENSO and the QBO on the Ozone Valley over the Tibetan Plateau

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) are two major interannual variations observed in the tropics, yet the joint modulation of the ENSO and QBO on the ozone valley over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in summer has not been performed. This study investigates the combined effects of the ENSO and the QBO on the interannual variations of the ozone valley over the TP using the ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021. The results show that the ENSO leads the zonal deviation of the total column ozone (TCO*) over the TP by about 6 months. This means the TCO* in the summer of the following year is affected by the ENSO in the current year. This is consistent with the theory of recharge oscillation. In terms of dynamic conditions, the anomalous circulation resulting from the combined effect of El Niño and the easterly phase of the QBO (EQBO) lead to strengthened and upward anomalies of the South Asian high (SAH) over the TP, followed by reduced ozone valley with more negative anomalies over the TP in summer. As to thermodynamic conditions, affected by both El Niño and the EQBO, the atmospheric stability shows positive anomalies from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere, and the positive anomaly areas are larger than those in other conditions. These findings indicate an unstable atmosphere, where convection is more likely to cause ozone exchange. The turbulent mixing of ozone at low levels and high levels leads to the ozone valley over the TP, with more negative anomalies in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS).
Toward Optimized 89Zr-Immuno-PET: Side-by-Side Comparison of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-, [89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)- and [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-Cetuximab for Tumor Imaging: Which Chelator Is the Most Suitable?

89Zr represents a highly favorable positron emitter for application in immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging. Clinically, the 89Zr4+ ion is introduced into antibodies by complexation with desferrioxamine B. However, producing complexes of limited kinetic inertness. Therefore, several new chelators for 89Zr introduction have been developed over the last years. Of these, the direct comparison of the most relevant ones for clinical translation, DFO* and 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO), is still missing. Thus, we directly compared DFO with DFO* and 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) immunoconjugates to identify the most suitable agent stable 89Zr-complexation. The chelators were introduced into cetuximab, and an optical analysis method was developed, enabling the efficient quantification of derivatization sites per protein. The cetuximab conjugates were efficiently obtained and radiolabeled with 89Zr at 37 °C within 30 min, giving the [89Zr]Zr-cetuximab derivatives in high radiochemical yields and purities of >99% as well as specific activities of 50 MBq/mg. The immunoreactive fraction of all 89Zr-labeled cetuximab derivatives was determined to be in the range of 86.5–88.1%. In vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing animals revealed a comparable and significantly higher kinetic inertness for both [89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)-cetuximab and [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-cetuximab, compared to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-cetuximab. Of these, [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-cetuximab showed a considerably more favorable pharmacokinetic profile with significantly lower liver and spleen retention than [89Zr]Zr-3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO)-cetuximab. Since [89Zr]Zr-DFO* demonstrates a very high kinetic inertness, paired with a highly favorable pharmacokinetic profile of the resulting antibody conjugate, DFO* currently represents the most suitable chelator candidate for stable 89Zr-radiolabeling of antibodies and clinical translation.
Practical Three-Factor Authentication Protocol Based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography for Industrial Internet of Things

Because the majority of information in the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is transmitted over an open and insecure channel, it is indispensable to design practical and secure authentication and key agreement protocols. Considering the weak computational power of sensors, many scholars have designed lightweight authentication protocols that achieve limited security properties. Moreover, these existing protocols are mostly implemented in a single-gateway scenario, whereas the multigateway scenario is not considered. To deal with these problems, this paper presents a novel three-factor authentication and key agreement protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography for IIoT environments. Based on the elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman problem, we present a protocol achieving desirable forward and backward secrecy. The proposed protocol applies to single-gateway and is also extended to multigateway simultaneously. A formal security analysis is described to prove the security of the proposed scheme. Finally, the comparison results demonstrate that our protocol provides more security attributes at a relatively lower computational cost.
Binary black hole mergers in gaseous disks: Simulations in general relativity

Simultaneous gravitational and electromagnetic wave observations of merging black hole binaries (BHBHs) can provide unique opportunities to study gravitation physics, accretion and cosmology. Here we perform fully general relativistic, hydrodynamic simulations of equal-mass, nonspinning BHBHs coalescing in a circumbinary disk. We evolve the metric using the Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formulation of Einstein's field equations with standard moving puncture gauge conditions. We handle the hydrodynamics via a high-resolution shock-capturing (HRSC) scheme. We track the inspiral starting from a binary separation of 10M, where M is the total binary mass. We take the disks to have an inner radius at R_in~15M to account for the hollow created by the binary torques. Our disks extend to R=65M and have an initial scale height of H/R=0.03-0.11. The gas is governed by a Gamma-law EOS, with Gamma equal to 5/3, 4/3, and 1.1. Disks are allowed to relax in the "early inspiral" epoch to provide quasistationary realistic initial data. We then evolve the metric and matter during the "late inspiral and merger" epoch. The later simulations are designed to track BHBH inspiral following disk-binary decoupling, through merger and ringdown, terminating before viscosity has time to fill the hollow about the remnant. We compute the gas flow and accretion rate and estimate the electromagnetic luminosity due to bremsstrahlung and synchrotron emission as a perturbation for optically thin disks. The synchrotron component of the luminosity peaks in the infrared band and should be detectable by WFIRST and possibly the LSST for a 10^8 M_sun binary embedded in a disk with a density n~10^12/cm^3 at z=1, beginning with a maximum value of $L~10^46 n_12^2 M_8^3 erg/s at decoupling, and decreasing steadily over a timescale of ~100 M_8 hours to a value of L~10^45 n_12^2 M_8^3 erg/s at merger.
Genome-Wide Prediction and Analysis of Oryza Species NRP Genes in Rice Blast Resistance

Members of the N-rich proteins (NRPs) gene family play important roles in the plant endoplasmic reticulum stress in response, which can be triggered by plant pathogens’ infection. Previous studies of the NRP gene family have been limited to only a few plants, such as soybean and Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, their evolutionary characteristics in the Oryza species and biological functions in rice defense against the pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae have remained unexplored. In the present study, we demonstrated that the NRP genes family may have originated in the early stages of plant evolution, and that they have been strongly conserved during the evolution of the Oryza species. Domain organization of NRPs was found to be highly conserved within but not between subgroups. OsNRP1, an NRP gene in the Oryza sativa japonica group, was specifically up-regulated during the early stages of rice-M. oryzae interactions-inhibited M. oryzae infection. Predicted protein-protein interaction networks and transcription-factor binding sites revealed a candidate interactor, bZIP50, which may be involved in OsNRP1-mediated rice resistance against M. oryzae infection. Taken together, our results established a basis for future studies of the NRP gene family and provided molecular insights into rice immune responses to M. oryzae.
Antrodia cinnamomea Suppress Dengue Virus Infection through Enhancing the Secretion of Interferon-Alpha

Dengue caused by dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne disease. Dengue exhibits a wide range of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to flu-like illness, and a few symptomatic cases may develop into severe dengue, leading to death. However, there are no effective and safe therapeutics for DENV infections. We have previously reported that cytokine expression, especially inflammatory cytokines, was altered in patients with different severities of dengue. Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea) is a precious and endemic medical mushroom in Taiwan. It contains unique chemical components and exhibits biological activities, including suppressing effects on inflammation and viral infection-related diseases. According to previous studies, megakaryocytes can support DENV infection, and the number of megakaryocytes is positively correlated with the viral load in the serum of acute dengue patients. In the study, we investigated the anti-DENV effects of two ethanolic extracts (ACEs 1–2) and three isolated compounds (ACEs 3–5) from A. cinnamomea on DENV infection in Meg-01 cells. Our results not only demonstrated that ACE-3 and ACE-4 significantly suppressed DENV infection, but also reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels. Moreover, the level of the antiviral cytokine interferon (IFN)-α was also increased by ACE-3 and ACE-4 in Meg-01 cells after DENV infection. Here, we provide new insights into the potential use of A. cinnamomea extracts as therapeutic agents against DENV infection. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation.
High-Power Isolated Bidirectional Three-port DC-DC Converter for Level-1 and Level-2 Charging

This paper proposes a Gallium Nitride high-electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) based three-port DC-DC converter for Level-1 and Level-2 electric vehicle charging. The three-port converter (TPC) is based on an isolated bidirectional Dual Active Bridge (IBDC-DAB) configuration for battery charging applications. The proposed DAB based TPC uses fewer components as compared to separate charger systems. The phase-shift control method is implemented to control the output power of the IBDC-DAB based converter with two charging output ports. The highest efficiency of 98.86% is achieved with the proposed converter at a phase-shift of 0.3889. The output ports 2 and 3 are designed for Level-1 and Level-2 EVB charging. Maximum power of approximately 2 kW for Level-1 and 12 kW for Level-2 is achieved for output Port 2 and 3 at an overall efficiency of 97%. The performance metrics of the IBDCDAB-based TPC have been analyzed and simulation is performed using LTspice XVII software. The results are presented for validation.
Development of High-Fidelity Automotive LiDAR Sensor Model with Standardized Interfaces

This work introduces a process to develop a tool-independent, high-fidelity, ray tracing-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR) model. This virtual LiDAR sensor includes accurate modeling of the scan pattern and a complete signal processing toolchain of a LiDAR sensor. It is developed as a functional mock-up unit (FMU) by using the standardized open simulation interface (OSI) 3.0. 2, and functional mock-up interface (FMI) 2.0. Subsequently, it was integrated into two commercial software virtual environment frameworks to demonstrate its exchangeability. Furthermore, the accuracy of the LiDAR sensor model is validated by comparing the simulation and real measurement data on the time domain and on the point cloud level. The validation results show that the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of simulated and measured time domain signal amplitude is 1.7%. In addition, the MAPE of the number of points Npoints and mean intensity Imean values received from the virtual and real targets are 8.5% and 9.3%, respectively. To the author’s knowledge, these are the smallest errors reported for the number of received points Npoints and mean intensity Imean values up until now. Moreover, the distance error derror is below the range accuracy of the actual LiDAR sensor, which is 2 cm for this use case. In addition, the proving ground measurement results are compared with the state-of-the-art LiDAR model provided by commercial software and the proposed LiDAR model to measure the presented model fidelity. The results show that the complete signal processing steps and imperfections of real LiDAR sensors need to be considered in the virtual LiDAR to obtain simulation results close to the actual sensor. Such considerable imperfections are optical losses, inherent detector effects, effects generated by the electrical amplification, and noise produced by the sunlight.
Effect of Biochar from Oat Hulls on the Physical Properties of Asphalt Binder

The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar from oat hulls (BO) as a potential bio-modifier to improve the physical properties of conventional asphalt binder. The BO and asphalt binder were characterized by confocal (fluorescence) laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then, an asphalt binder modification procedure was established and modifications with 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of BO on the weight of the asphalt binder were evaluated, using a particle size < 75 µm. The physical properties of the evaluated modified asphalt binder with BO were: rotational viscosity in original and aged state, aging index, Fraass breaking point, softening point, penetration, penetration rate and storage stability. The results indicated that the BO has a porous structure, able to interact with the asphalt binder by C=O and C=C bonds. In addition, modification of the asphalt binder with BO increases the rotational viscosity related to high-temperature rutting resistance. The results obtained from the Fraass breaking point and softening point indicated that the use of BO extends the viscoelastic range of the asphalt binder. In addition, the evaluated modifications present low susceptibility to aging and good storage stability.