Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Lyn Tyrosine Kinase Negatively Regulates Neutrophil Integrin Signaling 1

The Src family kinase Lyn has been shown to play both stimulatory and inhibitory roles within several hemopoietic cell types. In this study, we investigated the role played by Lyn in neutrophil integrin signaling. Loss of Lyn resulted in a hyperresponsive phenotype on engagement of surface integrins at low valency. Lyn−/− neutrophils displayed enhanced respiratory burst, secondary granule release, and a hyperadhesive phenotype when adherent to surfaces coated with either cellular counterreceptors or extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast, Lyn-deficient and wild-type cells expressed similar levels of surface integrins and responded equivalently to activating agents in suspension, indicating that the enhanced responses of lyn−/− cells was specific to the integrin signaling pathways. Lyn-deficient macrophages also displayed a hyperadhesive phenotype. Biochemical analysis of macrophages from lyn−/− mice revealed that Lyn plays an essential role in the adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif of the inhibitory receptors SIRP1α and PIR-B, which in turn recruit the phosphatase SHP-1. These observations suggest that reduced mobilization of SHP-1 to the membrane in lyn−/− neutrophils results in a hyperadhesive and hyperactive phenotype. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that neutrophils from mev/mev mice, which have significantly reduced SHP-1 activity, are also hyperresponsive following integrin engagement. This is the first direct evidence using primary leukocytes from lyn−/− mice that this kinase functions as a negative regulator in integrin signaling.
Primary school children and self harm: the emotional impact upon education professionals, and their understandings of why children self harm and how this is managed

There is evidence suggesting that self harm among young people is beginning earlier, in childhood and adolescent years. This paper reports on a qualitative study of primary school staff responses to self harm among children. Some studies with adolescents show self harm presents challenges to education professionals who may lack training or resources to address this issue, yet research concerning self harm among primary school children is limited. The present study provides an analysis of education professionals’ experiences and understandings of self harm in primary school children. Interviews with 15 staff members from six schools in the North of England were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Key themes discussed concern: how self harm affects staff emotionally; reasons staff ascribe to children’s self harming; how self harm is managed. The present study indicates problems associated with a ‘fire‐fighting’ approach where self harm is only dealt with as it becomes visible. Instead, the authors advocate policy‐level initiatives proactively addressing self harm, as has happened in sex and drug education. Intervention around self harm in schools could usefully broaden staff members’ understandings of self harm, allow opportunity for reflection and discussion, and make resources available to staff working with children who self harm.
Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a hospital in China

Objective To evaluate the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in China. Methods This cross-sectional study included sputum specimens of 240 suspected TB cases. Specimens were examined by light microscopy for the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which were cultured by the BACTEC MGIT 960 (M960) system and detected by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. The positive rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and average turnaround time of methods were evaluated. Results The positive rate was 36.6% (87/238) for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and 34.0% (81/238) by M960 culture, with no significant difference between methods (χ2 = 0.33, p > 0.05). According to culture results, sensitivity of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was 84.0% (68/81), specificity was 87.8% (129/147), the PPV was 78.2% (68/87), and the NPV was 87.2% (129/148). The agreement for results between Gene Xpert MTB/RIF and the M960 system was 82.8% and the Kappa value was 0.73. Conclusion The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay is a simple, rapid, and accurate test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum specimens.
Book Reviews : Alan Irwin: Citizen Science. A Study of People, Expertise and Sustainable Development 1995, London and New York: Routledge. 198 pages

Adminstration, Freie Universit&auml;t, Berlin, Germany People affected by pollution from neighbouring industrial sites, those concerned about major accident hazards, unionists trying to reduce dangerous working conditions, consumers feeling insecure about BSE ( ‘mad cow disease’) all these groups have had discouraging experiences with scientists and scientific knowledge. Attempted dialogues or discourses between laypersons and scientists are mostly frustrating for both.
Scenarios and state machines: models, algorithms, and tools

In a wide range of application areas, system behavior is modeled using variations of scenarios and state machines. In telecommunications, ITU standards SDL (Specification and Description Language) and MSC (Message Sequence Charts) are used for formal specifications and descriptions. Also, for behavioral modeling of object-oriented software systems, UML interaction diagrams (sequence or collaboration diagrams) and statechart diagrams are commonly used. Use cases can be conveniently refined using interaction diagrams, which in turn aid in recognizing class operations and associations and in building statechart specifications of object behaviour. The aim of this workshop is to build a shared understanding on the relation between scenarios and state machines and to gain insight on techniques and tools that may leverage from combining these approaches to behaviour modeling. In this workshop, we will discuss the usage of scenario-based approaches in software engineering. An emphasis area is the relation between scenarios and state-machines. Areas of interest of this one-day workshop include, but are not limited to the following three main discussion topics: 1) Models and notations (requirements for different application areas, shortcomings in current notations, new suggestions for models or notations, categorizations); 2) Algorithms (e.g., synthesizing state machines from scenarios, implied scenarios, generating scenarios from state machines, consistency checks); 3) Tools (tool support for the issues above, different application areas). Moreover, we will identify the limitations and shortcomings of current approaches and outline possible directions for future research in the domain. A related workshop (scenario-based roundtrip eng.) was organized at OOPSLA 2000.
The Pathophysiology of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Cerebral Ischemia or Altered Venous Hemodynamics?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many theories of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) stress the importance of ischemia in the deep white matter. Alternate theories stress a reduction in superficial venous compliance and changes in pulse-wave propagation. An overlap in the cerebral blood flow volumes measured between NPH and controls suggests that ischemia may not be a prerequisite for this condition. This study sought to compare blood flow and compliance measures in a cohort of patients with NPH selected for having arterial inflows above the normal range to see if deep brain ischemia or superficial hemodynamic changes contribute to the pathophysiology of NPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with NPH and arterial inflows above the normal range were selected. They underwent MR imaging with flow quantification measuring the total blood inflow, sagittal/straight sinus outflow, aqueduct stroke volume, and arteriovenous delay (AVD). Patients were compared with 12 age-matched controls. RESULTS: The deep outflow volumes were normal. The superficial venous outflow was reduced as a percentage of the inflow by 9% (P = .04). The sagittal sinus compliance as measured by the AVD was reduced by 50% (P = .0001), and the aqueduct stroke volume was elevated by 192% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Ischemia in the deep venous territory is not a prerequisite for NPH. Patients with high-inflow NPH show alterations in superficial venous compliance and a reduction in the blood flow returning via the sagittal sinus. These changes together suggest that an elevation in superficial venous pressure may occur in NPH.
Sub-Volt Silicon-Organic Electro-optic Modulator With 500 MHz Bandwidth

Lowering the operating voltage of electro-optic modulators is desirable for a variety of applications, most notably in analog photonics and digital data communication. In particular for digital systems such as CPUs, it is desirable to develop modulators that are both temperature-insensitive and compatible with typically sub-2 V CMOS electronics; however, drive voltages in silicon-based Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) currently exceed 1.8 V. Here, we show an MZI modulator based on an electro-optic polymer-clad silicon slot waveguide, with a halfwave voltage of only 0.69 V (corresponding to a 0.62 V(·)cm modulation figure of merit), and a bandwidth of 500 MHz. We also show that there are paths to significantly improve both the bandwidth and drive voltage.
Isotope‐based Fluvial Organic Carbon (ISOFLOC) Model: Model formulation, sensitivity, and evaluation

Watershed‐scale carbon budgets remain poorly understood, in part due to inadequate simulation tools to assess in‐stream carbon fate and transport. A new numerical model termed ISOtope‐based FLuvial Organic Carbon (ISOFLOC) is formulated to simulate the fluvial organic carbon budget in watersheds where hydrologic, sediment transport, and biogeochemical processes are coupled to control benthic and transported carbon composition and flux. One ISOFLOC innovation is the formulation of new stable carbon isotope model subroutines that include isotope fractionation processes in order to estimate carbon isotope source, fate, and transport. A second innovation is the coupling of transfers between carbon pools, including algal particulate organic carbon, fine particulate and dissolved organic carbon, and particulate and dissolved inorganic carbon, to simulate the carbon cycle in a comprehensive manner beyond that of existing watershed water quality models. ISOFLOC was tested and verified in a low‐gradient, agriculturally impacted stream. Results of a global sensitivity analysis suggested the isotope response variable had unique sensitivity to the coupled interaction between fluvial shear resistance of algal biomass and the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon. Model calibration and validation suggested good agreement at event, seasonal, and annual timescales. Multiobjective uncertainty analysis suggested inclusion of the carbon stable isotope routine reduced uncertainty by 80% for algal particulate organic carbon flux estimates.
The Administrative State: A Study of the Political Theory of American Public Administration

This classic text, originally published in 1948, is a study of the public administration movement from the viewpoint of political theory and the history of ideas. It seeks to review and analyze the theoretical element in administrative writings and to present the development of the public administration movement as a chapter in the history of American political thought. The objectives of "The Administrative State" are to assist students of administration to view their subject in historical perspective and to appraise the theoretical content of their literature. It is also hoped that this book may assist students of American culture by illuminating an important development of the first half of the twentieth century. It thus should serve political scientists whose interests lie in the field of public administration or in the study of bureaucracy as a political issue; the public administrator interested in the philosophic background of his service; and the historian who seeks an understanding of major governmental developments. This study, now with a new introduction by public policy and administration scholar Hugh Miller, is based upon the various books, articles, pamphlets, reports, and records that make up the literature of public administration, and documents the political response to the modern world that Graham Wallas named the Great Society. It will be of lasting interest to students of political science, government, and American history. Dwight Waldo (1913-2000) taught at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Syracuse. He was the author or editor of several books, including "Ideas and Issues in Public Administration" and "The Study of Public Administration", and for eleven years served as editor-in chief of Public Administration Review.
Acquired dysgraphia in Chinese: Further evidence on the links between phonology and orthography

Background: How similar is the "architecture" of language function in different languages? In the domain of reading and writing, the relationship between orthographic and phonological units of the language differs dramatically between alphabetic and logographic writing systems. It is therefore appropriate to ask whether an architecture assumption, such as direct links between word pronunciations and their written forms, developed in the course of research on English and other alphabetic writing systems, applies to logographic Chinese. Aims: We describe a native Cantonese speaker, TUA, with an acquired dysgraphia following a right hemisphere stroke. The study was designed to identify the conditions under which TUA succeeded or failed to produce the correct orthographic form of words in his native language, and thereby to draw inferences about his impaired and intact writing procedures with further implications for normal writing. Methods & Procedures: Nine different single-word tests were administered to TUA, mainly of writing to dictation but also of written picture naming and other relevant skills. Almost all monosyllabic words in Cantonese are homophones and, in the majority of our tests, the target words were lower-frequency homophones, with the intended alternative disambiguated by a semantic cue. Outcomes & Results: TUA made few errors in writing high-frequency words to dictation, but had error rates as high as 60-70% on lower-frequency homophonic target words. The majority of his errors were homophones of, or at least closely phonologically related to, the target item. This deficit in writing to dictation co-existed with adequate ability to define the correct lower-frequency homophonic alternative, and with the unusual pattern of more correct responses in written picture naming than in writing to dictation of the same target items. Although TUA's poor performance in writing was accompanied by several nonlinguistic impairments (e.g., in visual memory, sequencing, and visuo-constructional ability), his dysgraphia had a predominantly linguistic nature and did not invite an account in terms of these additional cognitive impairments. Conclusions: We propose that TUA had a disrupted ability to activate lower-frequency orthographic representations, especially under conditions of response competition from a higher-frequency written word with the same pronunciation. This pattern is compatible with a proposal of direct activation of orthography by phonology, at least for higher-frequency words, in Chinese.
Nanotubes via an Oxygen-Excluding Surfactant Brightly Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon

www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of March 5, 2009 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/323/5919/1319 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/323/5919/1319/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/323/5919/1319#otherarticles , 6 of which can be accessed for free: cites 30 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/chemistry Chemistry : subject collections This article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag. org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
3D Human Pose Recovery from Monocular Images via Effi cient Visual Feature Selection

In this paper we propose a new examplar-based approach to recover 3D human poses from monocular images. Given the visual feature of each frame, pose retrieval is first conducted in th e examplar database to find relevant pose candidates. Then, d ynamic programming is applied on the weighted set of candidates to impose temporal coherence and recover a continuous pose sequence. We made two contributions within this framework. First, we propose to use an effi cient feature selection algorithm to select the optimal visual feature components. The feature selection task is formulated as a trace-ratio objective which measures the score of the selected feature component subset, and the objective is effi ciently optimized to get the global optimum. The selected components are used instead of the original visual feature to improve th e accuracy and effi ciency of pose recovery. As second contribution, we propose to use sparse representation to retrieve the pose ca ndidates, where the measured visual feature is expressed as a sparse linear combination of the labeled samples in the database. Sparse representation ensures that semantically similar po ses have larger probability to be retrieved. The effectiveness of our approach has been validated quantitatively through extensive evaluations on both synthetic data and real data, and qualitatively by insp ecting the results of the real time system we have implemented.
Identification of 17 HrpX-Regulated Proteins Including Two Novel Type III Effectors, XOC_3956 and XOC_1550, in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola

The function of some hypothetical proteins, possibly regulated by key hrp regulators, in the pathogenicity of phytopathogenic bacteria remains largely unknown. In the present study, in silicon microarray data demonstrated that the expression of 17 HrpX-regulated protein (Xrp) genes of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes bacterial leaf streak in rice, were either positively or negatively regulated by HrpX or/and HrpG. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that five Xrps possess a putative type III secretion (T3S) signal in the first 50 N-terminal amino acids, six xrp genes contain a PIP-box-like sequence (TTCGB-NX-TTCGB, 9≤X≤25) in the promoter regions, and two Xrps have both motifs. Twelve Xrps are widely conserved in Xanthomonas spp. , whereas four are specific for X. oryzae (Xrp6) or Xoc (Xrp8, Xrp14 and Xrp17). In addition to the regulation by HrpG/HrpX, some of the 17 genes were also modulated by another hrp regulator HrpD6. Mutagenesis of these 17 genes indicated that five Xrps (Xrp1, Xrp2, Xrp5, Xrp8 and Xrp14) were required for full virulence and bacterial growth in planta. Immunoblotting assays and fusion with N-terminally truncated AvrXa10 indicated that Xrp3 and Xrp5 were secreted and translocated into rice cells through the type-III secretion system (T3S), suggesting they are novel T3S effectors. Our results suggest that Xoc exploits an orchestra of proteins that are regulated by HrpG, HrpX and HrpD6, and these proteins facilitate both infection and metabolism.
Accumbal strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors: an access point for ethanol to the brain reward system.

Background: Ethanol (EtOH), like other drugs of abuse, increases extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) of the brain reward system, an effect that may be of importance for alcohol addiction. How this DA increase is produced is not fully understood, although previous studies from the present laboratories indicate that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area play an important role in mediating this effect. Furthermore, activation of these receptors may be secondary to some priming effect produced by EtOH in the nAc. We recently demonstrated that strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors (GlyRs) are present in the nAc and that they are involved in regulating extracellular DA levels. Here we examine the tentative role of these accumbal GlyRs in the above-mentioned priming mechanism of EtOH. Method: In vivo microdialysis (coupled to high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection) and reversed microdialysis, in awake, freely moving adult male Wistar rats. Results: Local perfusion of strychnine decreased accumbal DA levels per se and completely prevented the increase of accumbal DA levels after both local and systemic EtOH administration. Accumbal perfusion of the GlyR agonist glycine instead increased DA levels in a subpopulation of rats and prevented the EtOH-induced increase after local but not systemic EtOH in all animals. Conclusion: The present results suggest that GlyRs in the nAc might constitute targets for EtOH in its mesolimbic DA-activating effect. Gene polymorphism and drug developmental studies that focus on this receptor population and its relation to alcohol dependence are warranted.
Creation of new attributes to forecast student loyalty

The loyalty and retention of students in educational institutions has become one of the greatest challenges for the management area of these institutions. A promising solution to achieve this goal is the use of educational data mining to identify patterns that aid in decision making. This paper presents a proposal for the creation of temporal attributes with the purpose of helping to predict the avoidance of elementary school students in private schools, treated as a classification problem. After the application of the classification algorithms, it was verified that the KNN classifier obtained the best accuracy before the use of the new attribute, but the best algorithm to predict avoidance in the context of this research was the Decision Tree J4.8, since the Even allows the interpretation of the factors that led to the final result. The results show that the approach is viable, with an accuracy of up to 97.87% in the experiments performed.
Stochastic and Dynamic Vehicle Routing in the Euclidean Plane with Multiple Capacitated Vehicles

In 1991, D. J. Bertsimas and G. van Ryzin introduced and analyzed a model for stochastic and dynamic vehicle routing in which a single, uncapacitated vehicle traveling at a constant velocity in a Euclidean region must service demands whose time of arrival, location and on-site service are stochastic. The objective is to find a policy to service demands over an infinite horizon that minimizes the expected system time (wait plus service) of the demands. This paper extends our analysis in several directions. First, we analyze the problem of m identical vehicles with unlimited capacity and show that in heavy traffic the system time is reduced by a factor of 1/m2 over the single-server case. One of these policies improves by a factor of two on the best known system time for the single-server case. We then consider the case in which each vehicle can serve at most q customers before returning to a depot. We show that the stability condition in this case depends strongly on the geometry of the region. Several pol.