Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sialylated and O‐glycosidically linked glycans in prion protein deposits in a case of Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker disease

Prion diseases are caused by an abnormal form of the prion protein (PrPSc). We identified, with lectins, post‐translational modifications of brain proteins due to glycosylation in a Gerstmann‐Sträussler‐Scheinker (GSS) patient. The lectin Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALL), specific for mucin type O‐glycosylated structures (Galß1,3 GalNAcα1,0 Ser/Thr or GalNAcα1,0 Ser/Thr), and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), specific for Neu5Acα2,6 Gal/GalNAc, showed positive labeling in all the prion deposits and in the core of the PrPSc deposits, respectively, indicating specific distribution of O‐glycosylated and sialylated structures. Lectins from Maackia amurensis (MAA, Neu5Acα2,3), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrL, Neu5,9Ac2‐specific) and Arachis hypogaea (PNA, Gal‐specific) showed low staining of prion deposits. Immunohistochemistry colocalization with prion antibody indicated that all lectins stained prion protein deposits. These results show that specific modifications in the glycosylation pattern are closely related to the hallmark lesions and might be an early event in neuronal degeneration in GSS disease.
Error rate degradation due to switch crosstalk in large modular switched optical networks

A theoretical model of an optical network incorporating wavelength selective elements, amplifiers, couplers and switches is presented. The model is used to evaluate a large modular switch optical network that provides the capability of adapting easily to changes in network traffic requirements. The network dimensions are shown to be limited by the optical crosstalk in the switch matrices and by the polarization dependent loss in the optical components. <<ETX>>
Assessment ecological risk of heavy metal caused by high-intensity land reclamation in Bohai Bay, China

The article examines the detailed spatial and temporal distributions of coastal reclamation in the northwest coast of Bohai Bay experiencing rapid coastal reclamation in China from 1974 to 2010 in annual intervals. Moreover, soil elements properties and spatial distribution in reclaimed area and inform the future coastal ecosystems management was also analyzed. The results shows that 910.7 km2 of coastal wetlands have been reclaimed and conversed to industrial land during the past 36 years. It covers intertidal beach, shallow sea and island with a percentage of 76.0%, 23.5% and 0.5%, respectively. The average concentration of Mn is 686.91mg/kg and the order of concentration of heavy metal are Cr>Zn>As>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd>Hg. We used the "space for time substitution" method to test the soil properties changes after reclamation. The potential ecological risk of heavy metal is in low level and the risk of Cd and As is relatively higher. The ecosystem-based coastal protection and management are urgent to support sustainable coastal ecosystems in Bohai bay in the future.
BDNF pro-peptide: a novel synaptic modulator generated as an N-terminal fragment from the BDNF precursor by proteolytic processing

Most growth factors are initially synthesized as precursors and it was cleaved into bioactive mature domain and pro-domain. However, compared with the expression and function of bioactive mature domain, the biological role of the pro-domain is poorly understood. Unexpectedly, we found that the pro-domain (or pro-peptide) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is well-known neurotrophic factor in brain, has a potential ability to facilitate hippocampal long-term depression. Furthermore, a BDNF polymorphism Val66Met, which substitute valine into methionine at 66 amino acid, impacted the biological activity of the BDNF pro-peptide. We lastly discuss the possible roles of BDNF and its pro-peptide in the generation of neural stem cells and progress of ischemia.
Optimal Classification with Multivariate Losses

Multivariate loss functions are extensively employed in several prediction tasks arising in Information Retrieval. Often, the goal in the tasks is to minimize expected loss when retrieving relevant items from a presented set of items, where the expectation is with respect to the joint distribution over item sets. Our key result is that for most multivariate losses, the expected loss is provably optimized by sorting the items by the conditional probability of label being positive and then selecting top k items. Such a result was previously known only for the F-measure. Leveraging on the optimality characterization, we give an algorithm for estimating optimal predictions in practice with runtime quadratic in size of item sets for many losses. We provide empirical results on benchmark datasets, comparing the proposed algorithm to state-of-the-art methods for optimizing multivariate losses.
Fault-tolerant adaptive and minimal routing in mesh-connected multicomputers using extended safety levels

The minimal routing problem in mesh-connected multicomputers with faulty blocks is studied. Two dimensional (2D) meshes are used to illustrate the approach. A sufficient condition for minimal routing in 2D meshes with faulty blocks is proposed. Unlike many other models that assume all the nodes know global fault distribution, our approach is based on the concept of an extended safety level which is a special form of limited fault information. Fault information is distributed to a limited number of nodes while it is still sufficient to support minimal routing. We study the existence of minimal paths at a given source node, limited distribution of fault information, and minimal routing itself. The proposed approach is also adaptive which allows all messages to use any minimal path. Our approach is the first attempt to address adaptive and minimal routing in 2D meshes with faulty blocks using limited fault information.
Survey of Nearest Neighbor Condensing Techniques

The nearest neighbor rule identifies the category of an unknown element according to its known nearest neighbors’ categories. This technique is efficient in many fields as event recognition, text categorization and object recognition. Its prime advantage is its simplicity, but its main inconvenience is its computing complexity for large training sets. This drawback was dealt by the researchers’ community as the problem of prototype selection. Trying to solve this problem several techniques presented as condensing techniques were proposed. Condensing algorithms try to determine a significantly reduced set of prototypes keeping the performance of the 1-NN rule on this set close to the one reached on the complete training set. In this paper we present a survey of some condensing KNN techniques which are CNN, RNN, FCNN, Drop1-5, DEL, IKNN, TRKNN and CBP. All these techniques can improve the efficiency in computation time. But these algorithms fail to prove the minimality of their resulting set. For this, one possibility is to hybridize them with other algorithms, called modern heuristics or metaheuristics, which, themselves, can improve the solution. The metaheuristics that have proven results in the selection of attributes are principally genetic algorithms and tabu search. We will also shed light in this paper on some recent techniques focusing on this template.
An Analytical Approach to Sound Field Reproduction Using Circular and Spherical Loudspeaker Distributions

In this paper, we present the theoretical basics and implementation strategies for sound field reproduction using circular and spherical loudspeaker arrays. The presented approach can be seen as an analytical formulation of what is known as higher order Ambisonics. It relies on the assumption of a continuous distribution of secondary sources on which sampling is performed to yield the loudspeaker driving signals for real-world implementations. We present the theoretical derivation of the loudspeaker driving signals and investigate the properties of the actual reproduced wave field, whereby the focus lies on the consequences of the spatial discretization of the secondary source distribution.
Priority Scheduling for Heterogeneous Workloads: Tradeoff Between Evictions and Response Time

Nowadays, large computing clusters are executing highly heterogeneous bursty workloads with different priorities, resource demands, and performance objectives. As the schedulers control the class-specific performance by evictions, a noteworthy amount of the computing resources are wasted by the lost executions of the evicted tasks. This paper presents a system model with a slot-based priority scheduler that captures the execution progress, evictions, and response times when executing complex workloads on heterogeneous systems. To better understand the impact of evictions, we first analyze simple eviction policies and wasted resources associated with evictions by using trace-driven simulation of Google cluster trace. Our key finding is that evictions severely increase system load, which leads to a significant increase in response times, particularly of low-priority classes, due to repetitive evictions. Furthermore, by exploiting the heterogeneity of the workload, we propose a workload-aware slot configuration and task assignment methodology incorporated with slot-based priority scheduling to improve class-based response time and resource efficiency. Our experimental results show that we are able to achieve up to 29% improvement in response times by choosing the right eviction policy, namely, MRS (most recently started), and integrating workload awareness to the slot configuration and task assignment.
Prognostic Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients

Background—Forearm endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an impaired vasodilating response to acetylcholine (ACh), may be associated with several cardiovascular risk factors, including essential hypertension. Although the prognostic value of coronary endothelial dysfunction has been demonstrated, that of forearm endothelial dysfunction is still unknown. Methods and Results—Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was investigated in 225 never-treated hypertensive patients (age, 35 to 54 years) by intra-arterial infusion of increasing doses of ACh and sodium nitroprusside. Patients were divided into tertiles on the basis of their increase in ACh-stimulated forearm blood flow (FBF) from basal: group 1, from 30% to 184%; group 2, from 185% to 333%; and group 3, from 339% to 760% increase from basal. During a mean follow-up of 31.5 of months (range, 4 to 84 months), there were 29 major adverse events at the cardiac (n=19), cerebrovascular (n=9), or peripheral vascular (n=1) level. Events included myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization procedures, stroke, transient cerebral ischemic attack, and aortoiliac occlusive disease. Event rate per 100 patient-years was 8.17, 4.34, and 2.02 in the first, second, and third tertiles of peak percent increase in FBF during ACh infusion. The excess risk associated with an FBF increase in the first tertile was significant (relative risk, 2.084; 95% CI, 1.25 to 3.48;P =0.0049) after controlling for individual risk markers, including 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. Conclusions—Our data suggest that forearm endothelial dysfunction is a marker of future cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension.
Synthetic and Real Spatiotemporal Datasets

In the context of a spatiotemporal research environment, it is very important to be able to systematically generate data with predictable characteristics. For instance, it allows one to use the same datasets, or others similarly characterized, for benchmarking access structures or mining techniques. This paper presents a survey of existing generators of synthetic spatiotemporal data. It also covers a few real datasets, which are (at the time of this writing) publicly available for research use.
Supporting children's rhythm learning using vibration devices

In this paper, a rhythm instruction tool for school children using vibration devices is discussed. The proposed system called T-RHYTHM is for supporting individual children in playing musical instruments or singing, in solo or ensemble situations. T-RHYTHM provides each child with rhythm patterns of musical pieces through tactile senses, and supports her so that she can recognize her own rhythm without being confused by other children's performances or singing voices. The rhythm of the music given to individual children is determined based on a performance by an accompanist and transmitted to their own vibration devices via a wireless communication. We have evaluated T-RHYTHM in a music class in a Japanese elementary school and gained initial feedback from children and their teacher.
High Genetic Stability of Dengue Virus Propagated in MRC-5 Cells as Compared to the Virus Propagated in Vero Cells

This work investigated the replication kinetics of the four dengue virus serotypes (DEN-1 to DEN-4), including dengue virus type 4 (DEN-4) recovered from an infectious cDNA clone, in Vero cells and in MRC-5 cells grown on Cytodex 1 microcarriers. DEN-1 strain Hawaii, DEN-2 strain NGC, DEN-3 strain H-87, and DEN-4 strain H-241 , and DEN-4 strain 814669 derived from cloned DNA, were used to infect Vero cells and MRC-5 cells grown in serum-free or serum-containing microcarrier cultures. Serum-free and serum-containing cultures were found to yield comparable titers of these viruses. The cloned DNA-derived DEN-4 started genetically more homogeneous was used to investigate the genetic stability of the virus propagated in Vero cells and MRC-5 cells. Sequence analysis revealed that the DEN-4 propagated in MRC-5 cells maintained a high genetic stability, compared to the virus propagated in Vero cells. Amino acid substitutions of Gly104Cys and Phe108Ile were detected at 70%, 60%, respectively, in the envelope (E) protein of DEN-4 propagated in Vero cells, whereas a single mutation of Glu345Lys was detected at 50% in E of the virus propagated in MRC-5 cells. Sequencing of multiple clones of three separate DNA fragments spanning 40% of the genome also indicated that DEN-4 propagated in Vero cells contained a higher number of mutations than the virus growing in MRC-5 cells. Although Vero cells yielded a peak virus titer approximately 1 to 17 folds higher than MRC-5 cells, cloned DEN-4 from MRC-5 cells maintained a greater stability than the virus from Vero cells. Serum-free microcarrier cultures of MRC-5 cells offer a potentially valuable system for the large-scale production of live-attenuated DEN vaccines.
What is the effect of reporting all emergency department radiographs?

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of formal radiological reporting of all emergency department (ED) radiographs on clinical practice and patient outcome, and to consider whether a selective reporting policy might prove safe and effective. Methods: All radiographs taken in a single ED over a six month period were prospectively studied simultaneously in both the emergency and radiology departments to detect cases where a radiograph that was considered normal by ED staff was then reported as abnormal by the reporting radiologist. Whenever such a discrepancy occurred the patient's records were scrutinised to ascertain the source of the discrepancy, with a gold standard interpretation derived from senior clinical review and additional investigations where indicated. The clinical impact of the radiologist's formal report was then assessed. Accuracy of interpretation was considered in relation to the grade of ED staff and the radiographic examination obtained. Results: During the study period, 19 468 new patient attendances to the ED generated 11 749 radiographic examinations. Discrepancies were detected in 175 patients (1.5% of all radiographic examinations). Of these, 136 (1.2%) were subsequently shown to have been incorrectly interpreted in the ED (ED false negatives), with 40 patients (0.3%) undergoing a change in management as a result. In the remaining 39 the ED interpretation was judged to be correct (radiology false positives), with 16 patients undergoing further investigations or visits to the ED to confirm this. Conclusions: The formal reporting of ED radiographs by the radiology department detects a number of clinically important abnormalities that have been overlooked. However, this formal reporting also generates a number of incorrect interpretations that may lead to further unnecessary investigations. Some groups of ED radiographs (such as those interpreted by an ED consultant and films of the fingers and toes) may not require formal radiological reporting. The adoption of a selective reporting policy may reduce the reporting workload of the radiology department without compromising patient care.
Understanding Natural Language Metadata

Handling everyday tasks such as search, classication and integration is becoming increasingly dicult and sometimes even impossible due to the increasing streams of data available. To overcome such an information overload we need more accurate information processing tools capable of handling big amounts of data. In particular, handling metadata can give us leverage over the data and enable structured processing of data, however, while some of this metadata is in a computer readable format, some of it is manually created in ambiguous natural language. Thus, accessing the semantics of natural language can increase the quality of information processing. We propose a natural language metadata understanding architecture that enables applications such as semantic matching, classication and search based on natural language metadata by providing a translation into a formal language which outperforms the state of the art by 15%.
A REVIEW OF ISSUES AND APPROACHES

As we enter the twenty-first century, the Internet is having a profound effect on the survey research industry, as it is on almost every area of human enterprise. The rapid development of surveys on the World Wide Web (WWW) is leading some to argue that soon Internet (and, in particular, Web) surveys will replace traditional methods of survey data collection. Others are urging caution or even voicing skepticism about the future role Web surveys will play. Clearly, we stand at the threshold of a new era for survey research, but how this will play out is not yet clear. Whatever one’s views about the likely future for survey research, the current impact of the Web on survey data collection is worthy of serious research attention. Given the rapidly growing interest in Web surveys, it is important to distinguish among different types of Web surveys. The rubric “Web survey” encompasses a wide variety of methods, with different purposes, populations, target audiences, etc. I present an overview of some of the key types of Web surveys currently being implemented and do so using the language of survey errors. In order to judge the quality of a particular survey (be it Web or any other type), one needs to do so within the context of its stated aims and the claims it makes. By offering a typology of Web survey designs, the intent of this article is to facilitate the task of evaluating and improving Web surveys. Web surveys represent a double-edged sword for the survey industry. On the one hand, the power of Web surveys is that they make survey data collection (as opposed to survey participation) available to the masses. Not only can researchers get access to undreamed of numbers of respondents at dramatically lower costs than traditional methods, but members of the general
Dynamic Resource Allocation of Delay Sensitive Users Using Interactive Learning over Multi-Carrier Networks

In this paper, we study distributed solutions for joint power-spectrum resource allocation among delay sensitive users over multi-carrier networks. Our work differs from prior research in two ways. First, unlike prior works that only consider the impact of effective throughput of a user, our work also considers the source traffic characteristics of applications and applies queuing analysis to quantify the packet transmission delay, which is especially important to a delay sensitive user. Secondly, most prior works focus on the equilibrium of the decentralized solutions that usually require global information in a static network. Instead, we focus on interactive adaptation methods for users to dynamically maximize their expected utility based on the local observed information. We propose an interactive learning framework for users to adapt their power/channel selection to the wireless networks with interference coupling among users. Our simulation results show that the proposed interactive learning approach with information exchange among users improves the total utility significantly.
Utility of touch imprint cytology as an adjunct to core needle biopsy of breast lump

Background: Touch imprint cytology is an easy and rapid method of evaluation of cancers. It can be utilized as a rapid intraoperative method and on site evaluation of biopsy specimen. Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of touch imprint cytology in assessment of adequacy of needle core biopsy of breast lumps its diagnostic accuracy for malignancy. Material and methods: A total of 160 cases of core needle biopsies of breast lump were studied. In each case touch imprint were made and a cytological diagnosis was offered on site. The results were correlated with the final biopsy diagnosis. Results: Adequate and satisfactory material on touch imprint was obtained in 154 (96.3%) cases.A total of 132 (82.5 %) cases were diagnosed as malignant and 21 (13.1 %) cases were diagnosed as benign on touch imprint cytology. Three cases (1.9%) were inconclusive, as the cells were obscured with inflammatory cells or there were crush artefacts. Overall sensitivity of TIC was 98.3 %, specificity was 70.3 %, positive predictive value was 93.8 %, negative predictive value was 90.4 % and accuracy was 90.2%. In 135 (88.2%) cases, a specific diagnosis regarding the exact histological subtype of the breast lesion could be provided. Conclusions: Touch imprint cytology of core needle biopsy specimens of breast lump yields adequate and satisfactory diagnostic material. It can be used routinely at the site of biopsy to evaluate the adequacy of material obtained during core needle biopsy. Touch imprints gives rapid and fairly accurate diagnosis of malignancy and subtyping of tumor is also possible. Key words: breast lump, core needle biopsy, touch imprint cytology, accuracy
Theoretical analysis of optical properties of regular and flexible surface microstructured silicon

In this paper, we study the regular and flexible microstructured silicon theoretically using the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis and Finite Difference Time Domain methods. We calculate the reflective spectra of the conical structures of three different sizes by using the multi-step approximation. The calculated results show that the smallest 0. 5μm structures have the lowest reflectance. The angle dependence of the reflectance of microstructured silicon is also talked about. Then the Finite Difference Time Domain method is used to simulate the absorptance of the regular and flexible microstructured silicon of three different sizes. The simulated results show that the absorptance of flexible microstructured silicon is a little lower than that of the regular microstructured silicon. At last, The absorption spectrum of the flexible surface microstructured silicon is as high as 97% in the visible and insensitive to the change of the incident angle of the light. The calculated results are verified by the measured spectra.