Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of Entropy for Automated Detection of Neurological Disorders With Electroencephalogram Signals: A Review of the Last Decade (2012–2022)

An automated Neurological Disorder detection system can be considered as a cost-effective and resource efficient tool for medical and healthcare applications. In automated Neurological Disorder detection, electroencephalograms are commonly used, but their low signal intensity and nonlinear features are difficult to analyze visually. A promising approach for processing of electroencephalogram signals is the concept of entropy, a nonlinear signal processing method to measure the chaos in the signal. The aim of this study was to find out the effective entropy measures and the machine learning approaches that produced promising output. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines as our method, we have identified 84 studies published between 2012 and 2022 that has investigated epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactive disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and alcohol use disorder with machine learning approaches considering entropy measures. We show that Support Vector Machines was the most commonly used machine learning model, with consistent performance in most of the studies whereas sample entropy was the most commonly used entropy measure, followed by the approximate entropy. For epilepsy detection, the most used entropy feature was the log energy entropy, whereas the multi-scale entropy was commonly used for Alzheimer’s Disease, approximate and sample entropy used for Parkinson’s Disease, multi scale and Shannon entropy applied for autism, approximate and Shannon entropy used for attention deficit hyperactive disorder, sample entropy used for depression, approximate and spectral entropy adopted for schizophrenia, and the approximate and sample entropy employed for alcohol use disorder. According to the majority of the studies, there is growing concern about the increase in neuro patients and the heavy resource burden that is associated with their prevalence and diagnosis. Based on these studies, we conclude that Computer-Aided Design systems would be economically advantageous in detecting Neurological Disorders. To incorporate Computer-Aided Design system into the mainstream health care system, future research could focus on multi-modal approaches to the disorder and its interpretation and explanation. We believe this is the first review that has combined the electroencephalograms, entropy, and automated detection possibility of the 8 distinct neurological disorders. The study is limited to the papers that used accuracy as their performance evaluation metric. The findings and synthesis of previous studies provides a clear pathway that identifies the entropy approach as a practical solution for automated detection of neurological disorder using electroencephalograms with potential applications in other kinds of signal analysis.
ON ITERATIVE IMPES FORMULATION FOR TWO-PHASE FLOW WITH CAPILLARITY IN HETEROGENEOUS POROUS MEDIA

This work is a continuation of Kou and Sun (36) where we present an efficient im- provement on the IMplicit Pressure Explicit Saturation (IMPES) method for two-phase immiscible fluid flow in porous media with different capillarity pressures. In the previous work, we present an implicit treatment of capillary pressure appearing in the pressure equation. A linear approx- imation of capillary function is used to couple the implicit saturation equation into the pressure equation that is solved implicitly. In this paper, we present an iterative version of this method. It is well-known that the fully implicit scheme has unconditional stability. The new method can be used for solving the coupled system of nonlinear equations arisen after the fully implicit scheme. We follow the idea of the previous work, and use the linear approximation of capillary function at the current iteration. This is different from iterative IMPES that computes capillary pressure by the saturations at the previous iteration. From this approximation, we couple the saturation equation into the pressure equation, and establish the coupling relation between the pressure and saturation. We employ the relaxation technique to control the convergence of the new method, and we give a choice of relaxation factor. The convergence theorem of our method is established under the natural conditions. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of our approach, and the results show that our method is efficient and stable.
Local Group Analogues

The abundance of satellite galaxies is a critical small-scale test of the standard cosmological model. From comparing the predictions of structure formation in simulations with observations of Local Group dwarf galaxies there is a clear mismatch in the abundance, leading to the so-called “missing satellites” problem. The comparison between simulation and observation have, however, suffered from a limited sample of satellite galaxies, with the only reasonably complete sample being from the most local galaxy groups. It is unknown whether the observed abundance of dwarf satellite galaxies of the nearest groups is statistically representative of the abundance of dwarf satellites in the greater universe. We construct a volume-limited sample of galaxies down to a well-defined stellar mass limit (M? ≥ 6 × 10M ) using the Atlas3D parent sample of spiral and ellipsoidal galaxies by Cappellari et al. 2011 [18]. In order to statistically identify bound satellites around galaxies in our primary catalogue, we apply cuts on the background based on the properties of known dwarf satellites of the Local Group using both the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8 (SDSS DR8) (http://www.sdss3.org/dr8/) spectroscopic and photometric galaxy catalogues. We detect an over-density of faint objects at projected separations of < 500 kpc at S/N ∼ 8, corresponding to an average of 4.8± 0.65 satellite detections per primary after stacking these systems and subtracting the background. We further find that the over-density of faint objects strongly depends on primary morphology and magnitude. While the Milky Way seems to be unusual in its number of bright satellites, our faint end satellite abundances are in agreement from the ∆m luminosity function for primaries in our sample as bright as the Milky Way. Our work has extended the work of previous authors by several magnitudes further down the faint end of the luminosity function.
Calculation of Parameter of the Ashcroft Model Potential for Hexagonal Closed Pack (hcp) Crystals

Parameter of the Ashcroft model potential has been computed in this paper for twenty two hexagonal closed pack (hcp) crystals. Calculation uses pseudopotential technique with nine different exchange and correlation functions and either available experimental value of monovacancy formation energy or an empirical relation based on other experimental parameters (melting temperature, cohesive energy or activation energy) as tool. The complete set of value of this parameter for cubic crystals will be used for further calculation of energetic of self and impurity diffusion via vacancy mechanism or other type of point defects.
A note on a Wielandt type norm inequality

As a continuation of recent study on a Wielandt type norm inequality due to Lin [13, Conjecture 3.4], we prove the following result: Let A ∈ Mn(C) satisfying 0 < m A M , and let X and Y be n× k matrices such that X∗X = Y ∗Y = Ik and X∗Y = 0 . Then for every 2-positive unital linear map Φ, we have ‖(Φ(X∗AY )Φ(Y∗AY )−1Φ(Y∗AX)) p 2 Φ(X∗AX)− p 2 ‖ ⎪⎨ ⎪⎩ ( M−m M+m )p (M p 2 +m p 2 )2 4M p 2 m p 2 1 < p < 2 (M−m)p
Molecular dynamics simulation of melting of silicene

We report the melting temperature of free-standing silicene by carrying out molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments using optimized Stillinger-Weber (SW) potential by Zhang et al (2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 054310). The melting scenario of a free-standing silicene is well captured visually in our MD simulations. The data are systematically analyzed using a few qualitatively different indicators, including caloric curve, radial distribution function and a numerical indicator known as global similarity index. The optimized SW potential consistently yields a melting temperature of 1500 K for the simulated free-standing, infinite silicene.
A Comparative Biochemical Study Between Patient’s Obese and Healthy

Objectives: Obesity rates have increased globally with increase in the incidence of comorbidities especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy obese adults to estimate: (i) comparisons of anthropometric indicators, lipid profile, and glycemic profile in obese compared with non-obese, and (ii) the association of anthropometrics and lipid profile with glycemic profile in obese adults. Methods: The study includes 120 individual with aged ranged (25 – 55) years were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups: group one (G1) consist of 90 patients with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 25 kg/m2. Group two (G2) of 30 healthy adults as a control group with (BMI) of less than 25 kg/m2.waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist/hip ratio (WHR) as anthropometric indicators, and fasting serum lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as biochemical variables were assessed. Statistical significance (α) was set at (p<0.05). Results: Based on independent samples T-test analysis acted as a significant comparison between non-obese and obese groups, anthropometrics and biochemical variables exhibited highly significant higher in obese compared with non-obese. Also, a positive significant correlation was found between WC and WHR with both of HOMA-IR and HbA1c. Finally, a positive significant association of HOMA-IR with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), no significance was found as well as HbA1c showed only positive significant association with LDL-C. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that WC was the strongest indicator for increasing HOMA-IR than WHR. Also, this study revealed that abnormalities in lipid profile in obese participants have shown strong positive association with HOMA-IR, particularly LDL-C.
Enhanced Osteogenesis Potential of MG-63 Cells through Sustained Delivery of VEGF via Liposomal Hydrogel

The challenges of using VEGF to promote osteoblastic differentiation include a short half-life and a narrow therapeutic window. A carrier system combining hydrogel and liposomes may improve the therapeutic efficacy of VEGF for bone regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the effects of delivery of VEGF via liposomal hydrogel on the osteogenesis of MG-63 cells. Liposomal hydrogel scaffold was fabricated and then characterized in terms of the morphological and chemical properties using FESEM and FTIR. In 2.5D analysis, the MG-63 cells were cultured on liposomal hydrogel + VEGF as the test group. The osteogenic effects of VEGF were compared with the control groups, i.e., hydrogel without liposomes + VEGF, osteogenic medium (OM) supplemented with a bolus of VEGF, and OM without VEGF. Cell morphology, viability, and differentiation and mineralization potential were investigated using FESEM, MTT assay, ALP activity, and Alizarin red staining. The characterization of scaffold showed no significant differences in the morphological and chemical properties between hydrogel with and without liposomes (p > 0.05). The final 2.5D culture demonstrated that cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization were significantly enhanced in the liposomal hydrogel + VEGF group compared with the control groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, liposomal hydrogel can be used to deliver VEGF in a sustained manner in order to enhance the osteogenesis of MG-63 cells.
A New Method to Improve Frequent-Handover Problem in High-Mobility Communications Using RIC and Machine Learning

The current trend of newer cellular network technology, such as 5G, is using a higher frequency spectrum that causes a smaller cell size. This will further cause a more frequent handover in the high-mobility users like the ones that happen in the high-speed train. In a cellular network, the handover process is very crucial as it may disrupt data transmission. Without a reliable handover process, the high-mobility users may experience problems like a high bit error rate (BER) or even call-drop. The traditional handover algorithm is proven reliable in ideal conditions but may not work correctly in a non-ideal condition such as the presence of a coverage hole. Machine learning can be implemented to improve the handover performance in those conditions. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) presents a solution to implement machine learning in the cellular network using a Radio Intelligent Controller (RIC), where we can improve a lot of functionalities in the Radio Access Network (RAN) modularly without modifying the existing RAN network element. The RIC original software is using vector autoregression to determine the target cell by predicting the throughput of each neighboring cell. In this paper, we performed two modifications to the original software: improve the vector autoregression method to consider the User Equipment (UE) movement and replace the vector autoregression method with a neural network. We also prove that these modifications present easier and better target cell determination for the environment with a coverage hole that will be useful for frequent handover in high-mobility users.
Characteristics of dynamic waves in incompressible fluid regarding nonlinear Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli model

Distinct models involving nonlinearity are mostly appreciated for illustrating intricate phenomena arise in the nature. The new (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (BLMP) model describes the dynamical behaviors of nonlinear waves arise in incompressible fluid. This present effort deals with the well-known governing BLMP equation by adopting two efficient schemes, namely improved tanh and improved auxiliary equation. As a result, a variety of appropriate wave solutions are made available in different type functions. The gathered solutions are figured out to characterize their internal properties for depicting the relevant phenomena. Diverse wave profiles are noticed in 3D, 2D and contour sense after assigning parameter’s values involved in the achieved solutions. The finding results are comparably different and general due to the existing wave solutions. The employed approaches perform in a great way to construct analytic wave solutions of considered evolution equation and deserve further use in relevant research area.
Textured Polyester Fiber in Three-Dimensional (3D) Carpet Structure Application: Experimental Characterizations under Compression–Bending–Abrasion–Rubbing Loading

In this article, textured polyester fiber was used as pile yarn in three-dimensional woven carpet structures. The properties of developed polyester carpets under various mechanical loading were studied. A statistical method was used to analyze the experimental data. Regression models were proposed to explain the relationships between carpet pile height and density. The study showed that the bending rigidity and curvature of dry and wet polyester pile fiber carpets were influenced by pile height and pile density (indirectly weft density) in that the downward concave large bending curvature was obtained from very dense carpet structures. In addition, the average dry bending rigidity of the carpet was over eight times higher than the average wet bending rigidity of the carpet. The thickness loss (%) and resilience (%) for each recovery period of various polyester carpets were proportional depending on the pile density. It was broadly decreased when the pile density was increased due to the compression load carrying capacity per polyester fiber knot, which was higher in carpets having dense knots compared to sparse knots per area. On the other hand, the polyester pile density and height largely affected the carpet mass losses (%) of all textured polyester carpets under an abrasion load. The number of strokes received after completely fractured polyester pile yarns during a rubbing test were increased when the pile heights for each pile density were increased. Findings from the study can be useful for polyester carpet designers and three-dimensional dry or impregnate polyester fiber-based preform designers in particularly complex shape molding part manufacturing.
A Global Comprehensive Study of the Distribution of Type I-E and Type I-E* CRISPR-Cas Systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae

Background: The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) systems are the short DNA sequences and RNA-dependent nuclease involved in the adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea. The type of CRISPR-Cas system influences antibiotic susceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, our objective was to study the diversity of CRISPR-Cas system in the genome of K. pneumoniae from the available whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. Material and Methods: We identified the CRISPR-Cas systems of K. pneumoniae using the CRISPR-CasFinder database. The complete genome sequence and its submission details were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Results: A total of 1607 K. pneumoniae whole genome sequences were analyzed. The major contributors of WGS data of K. pneumoniae were China (26.6%), United States (21.5%), Australia (10%), South Korea (8%), India (5.5%), and United Kingdom (4.9%). Out of 1607 genomes analyzed, almost one-fourth were CRISPR-Cas positive (403/1607) and three-fourth were CRISPR-Cas negative (1204/1607). Among CRISPR-Cas positive strains, 220 belonged to type I-E* and 183 were type I-E. Furthermore, type I-E* CRISPR-Cas systems were significantly higher in Asia (P < 0.001), whereas type I-E were significantly higher in Europe (P < 0.01). Among countries, typically, type I-E* strains were found to be higher in China (P < 0.01) and India (P < 0.01), whereas type I-E strains were higher in Germany (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Hence, it is important to know the type of CRISPR-Cas systems in K. pneumoniae strains across the countries and it can help to understand the diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems worldwide.
Corrected QT interval in electrocardiogram recordings in patients treated with calcium channel blockers

Introduction One of the most popular tests of the heart is the electrocardiogram (ECG). The physical basis of this study has been known for over 200 years. However, the way an ECG is performed and the interpretation of the obtained results have undergone considerable evolution over time. Aim To analyze the ECG recordings regarding the QTc interval in patients taking calcium channel blockers. Material and methods The publicly available PhysioNet signals database was used to analyze the effect of selected drugs on the heart rhythm and QTc interval. To automate the QTc assessment, the database was processed in MATLAB. First, QTc was assessed using four formulas; then the results were compared in terms of methodology and medications taken. Results In the group of patients taking dihydropyridine blockers, the QTc interval assessed by the Bazett formula (mean: 478.87 ms; SD: 73.10) is longer than in patients taking non-dihydropyridine blockers (mean: 446.54 ms, SD: 88.07, p = 0.2123) and in patients not taking calcium channel blockers (mean: 436.33 ms, SD: 49.94, p = 0.0319). The same significant differences were obtained regardless of the QTc assessment method used. However, the QTc result obtained with the Bazett formula is significantly lower than in the case of using the other three formulas used for the presented analysis. Conclusions Automatic ECG analysis is possible; however, it should be used carefully, considering the possibility of obtaining incorrect results. Taking calcium channel blockers may affect the QTc interval. QTc results significantly depend on the formula based on which we evaluate this parameter.
Evaluating ENSO's Spatiotemporal Complexity in the CWB CFS 1‐Tiered Model Hindcasts

Using hindcasts produced by a coupled climate model, this study evaluates whether the model can forecast the observed spatiotemporal complexity in the El Niño−Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the period 1982−2011: the eastern Pacific (EP), central Pacific‐I (CP‐I) and ‐II (CP‐II) types of El Niño, and the multi‐year evolution events of El Niño occurred in 1986–1988 (i.e., 1986/87/88 El Niño) and La Niña occurred in 1998–2000 (i.e., 1998/99/00 La Niña). With regard to the spatial complexity, it is found that the CP‐I type of El Niño is the easiest to hindcast, the CP‐II is second, and the EP is most difficult to hindcast as its amplitude is significantly underestimated in the model used here. The model deficiency in hindcasting the EP El Niño is related to a warm bias in climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical eastern Pacific. This warm bias is related to model biases in the strengths of the Pacific Walker circulation and South Pacific high, both of which are notably weaker than observed. As for the temporal complexity, the model successfully hindcasts the multi‐year evolution of the 1998/99/00 La Niña but fails to accurately hindcast the 1986/87/88 El Niño. This contrasting model performance in hindcasting multi‐year events is found to be related to a cold bias in climatological SSTs in the tropical central Pacific. This cold bias result enables the model La Niña, but not El Niño, to activate intrabasin tropical‒subtropical interactions associated with the Pacific Meridional Mode that produce the multi‐year evolution pattern.
Defeating MageCart Attacks in a NAISS Way

: MageCart attacks pose a security threat to E-commerce platforms by using e-skimmers to steal payment details. Image steganography is used by attackers to conceal e-skimmers, making detection challenging. Existing solutions have limitations, such as incompatibility or insufficient functionality. This research proposes NAISS, a server-side middlebox solution that leverages digital signatures to filter unauthorized images without requiring client-side modifications. The proof-of-concept implementation demonstrates the efficacy of NAISS, filtering 100% of state of the art stegoimages, while indicating areas for further improvement.