Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unreported Concussion in High School Football Players: Implications for Prevention

ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency of unreported concussion and estimate more accurately the overall rate of concussion in high school football players. DesignRetrospective, confidential survey completed by all subjects at the end of the football season. Setting and ParticipantsA total of 1,532 varsity football players from 20 high schools in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, area were surveyed. Main Outcome MeasurementsThe structured survey assessed (1) number of concussions before the current season, (2) number of concussions sustained during the current season, (3) whether concussion during the current season was reported, (4) to whom concussion was reported, and (5) reasons for not reporting concussion. ResultsOf respondents, 29.9% reported a previous history of concussion, and 15.3% reported sustaining a concussion during the current football season; of those, 47.3% reported their injury. Concussions were reported most frequently to a certified athletic trainer (76.7% of reported injuries). The most common reasons for concussion not being reported included a player not thinking the injury was serious enough to warrant medical attention (66.4% of unreported injuries), motivation not to be withheld from competition (41.0%), and lack of awareness of probable concussion (36.1%). ConclusionsThese findings reflect a higher prevalence of concussion in high school football players than previously reported in the literature. The ultimate concern associated with unreported concussion is an athlete’s increased risk of cumulative or catastrophic effects from recurrent injury. Future prevention initiatives should focus on education to improve athlete awareness of the signs of concussion and potential risks of unreported injury.
Long memory in PIIGS economies : An application of wavelet analysis

This paper studies long-memory properties of stock prices in PIIGS economies (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) and measures the evolution of their long-memory phenomena over time. We use the Hurst exponent as a measure of long-range dependence in stock prices. We apply wavelet analysis (based on Haar, Daubechies-4, Daubechies12 and Daubechies-20 wavelets) for computation of Hurst exponents. In addition, we utilize the semiparametric Local Whittle approach to test the robustness of results obtained from wavelet analysis. Our findings support the dynamic nature of efficiency, characteristics of stock prices in PIIGS economies. Portugal and Greece show long-range dependence properties, whereas Ireland and Italy are weakly inclined towards mean reversion and Spain shows martingale behavior in its stock price.
Pruning Incremental Linear Model Trees with Approximate Lookahead

Incremental linear model trees with approximate lookahead are fast, but produce overly large trees. This is due to non-optimal splitting decisions boosted by a possibly unlimited number of examples obtained from a data source. To keep the processing speed high and the tree complexity low, appropriate incremental pruning techniques are needed. In this paper, we introduce a pruning technique for the class of incremental linear model trees with approximate lookahead on stationary data sources. Experimental results show that the advantage of approximate lookahead in terms of processing speed can be further improved by producing much smaller and consequently more explanatory, less memory consuming trees on high-dimensional data. This is done at the expense of only a small increase in prediction error. Additionally, the pruning algorithm can be tuned to either produce less accurate model trees at a much higher processing speed or, alternatively, more accurate trees at the expense of higher processing times.
A Method of Data Fusion Based on the Robust Minimum Variance Filtering

In the data fusion, Kalman filter is widely used to process the synchronous and asynchronous sensor data. However, the filter will not present a good performance when the model's parameters and the noise's characteristic are not assured. This paper gives a method of data fusion based on the robust filtering. The method can guarantee the stable filtering as long as the system's parameters are in a certain range. This method can process both the synchronous data and the asynchronous data. The result of this experiment verified that this method can deal with the data fusion in the situation that the system parameters are not exact.
Search Engines: new widgets, new accessibility challenges

This study has investigated accessibility issues faced by screen reader users when using the top three most popular search engines - Google, Bing and Yahoo - widgets. One of the features that search engines include is called "widgets". These widgets display information related to user's search query. Subsequently, users do not need to visit different websites to find their required information. In this study, widgets found in Google, Bing and Yahoo were identified and then compared for similarity. Three widgets were selected and audited in desktop, mobile and tablet using screen reader software. Furthermore, an accessibility evaluation using the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG) were adopted in order to identify accessibility issues found in search engine widgets. Results from this study, showed that Google widgets has a higher number of accessibility issues in comparison to Bing's widgets; highlighting the fact that Google widgets are more complex than Bing widgets in terms of the level of information and functionality. Finally, considering the problems obtained in this research, some recommendations are proposed to improve the accessibility of search engine widgets.
2-Amino-4-(nitroalkyl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles as New Cytotoxic Agents

A series of 2-amino-4-(nitroalkyl)-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles were synthesized by an efficient multicomponent reaction in aqueous media using DBU as a catalyst at room temperature. Mild condition, environment friendly procedure and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure. The cytotoxic activity of target compounds were evaluated against three cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D in comparison with etoposide as reference drug. Generally, all compounds showed good cell growth inhibitory activity with IC50 values less than 30 μg/mL. Their activities were comparable or more potent than standard drug etoposide. The 6-bromo- derivatives 7e and 7f showed promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values in the range of 3.46–18.76 μg/mL, being more potent than etoposide against all tested cell lines.
LEGALITAS PENYIDIK SEBAGAI SAKSI DALAM PEMERIKSAAN PERSIDANGAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA (ANALISIS PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR: 454 K/PID.SUS/2011, 1531 K/PID.SUS/2010, DAN 2588 K/PID.SUS/2010)

Penegakan hukum tindak pidana narkotika (war on drugs) sedang marak dilakukan di Indonesia. Mengingat perhatian terhadap bahaya narkotika bagi generasi penerus bangsa semakin meningkat. Peredaran narkotika seakan tidak dapat dibendung walaupun terpidana narkotika berada di penjara. Meski demikian, praktek penegakan hukum narkotika di Indonesia tidak selalu berjalan sesuai prosedur. Permasalahan rekayasa kasus kerap kali dilakukan untuk memenuhi target kinerja aparat kepolisian. Pengakkan hukum semacam ini tentu menciderai hak asasi manusia, khususnya orang yang direkayasa terlibat dalam tindak pidana narkotika dalam kapasitas apapun. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai keabsahan penyidik untuk bersaksi di persidangan atas kasus yang ia sidik sebelumnya, kemudian bagaimana kekuatan kesaksian tersebut mempengaruhi pertimbangan hakim dalam praktek. Penelitian diharapkan berkontribusi pada rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHAP) yang eksis sejak 1981. Pada akhirnya dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara normatif, kesaksian penyidik dapat didengarkan di persidangan selama memenuhi ketentuan Pasal 1 angka 26 dan 27, dan Pasal 168-171 KUHAP. Tetapi dalam kasus tindak pidana narkotika, yang dibenarkan untuk melakukan teknik penangkapan tertentu, kesaksian penyidik di persidangan tidak dapat dipertimbangkan oleh hakim karena mengandung konflik kepentingan, sehingga keterangan saksi penyidik tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum untuk dipertimbangkan hakim dalam memutus perkara. Abstract Now, Indonesia is forceful in law enforcement of narcotics crime (war on drugs). Remembering concern to the danger of narcotics for next generation more increasing. Its traffic is hard to be repressed despite convicts are in prison. Nevertheless, in Indonesia the practice of narcotics law enforcement have not carried out as procedure. The intrigue of cases often is made by police to meet performance targets. It will offend human rights, for one (victim) whom is conspired to get involved in a narcotic crime of any capacity. The problem of this research is about legality of investigator to witness in trial of case that has investigated before, then how strength of its testimony to influence the consideration of the judges, and some practices of narcotics trial in hearing testimony of witnesses come from investigators. This research is useful for restriction of witnesses meaning development as stipulated in the Criminal Law Procedure Code. It concludes that in normative, the investigator testimony can be heard in trial as long as meet provisions the article 1 figure 26 and 27, and article 168-171 of the Criminal Law Procedure Code. But, it can be right to arrest narcotics defendant by a certain technique, the investigator testimony could not be considered by the judges because it can be conflict of interests, so its testimony has not legal force to decide a case.
Power and Performance Management of GPUs Based Cluster

Power consumption in GPUs based cluster became the major obstacle in the adoption of high productivity GPU accelerators in the high performance computing industry. The power consumed by GPU chips represent about 75% of the total GPU based cluster power consumption. This is due to the fact that the GPU cards are often configured at peak performance, and consequently, they will be active all the time. In this paper, the authors present a holistic power and performance management framework that reduces power consumption of the GPU based cluster and maintains the system performance within an acceptable predefined threshold. The framework dynamically scales the GPU cluster to adapt to the variation of incoming workload's requirements and increase the idleness of the of GPU devices, allowing them to transition to low-power state. The proposed power and performance management framework in GPU cluster demonstrated 46.3% power savings for GPU workload while maintaining the cluster performance. The overhead of the proposed framework is insignificant on the normal application\system operations and services.
Anchored expansion, percolation and speed

Benjamini, Lyons and Schramm [Random Walks and Discrete Potential Theory (1999) 56-84] considered properties of an infinite graph G, and the simple random walk on it, that are preserved by random perturbations. In this paper we solve several problems raised by those authors. The anchored expansion constant is a variant of the Cheeger constant; its positivity implies positive lower speed for the simple random walk, as shown by Virag [Geom. Funct. Anal. 10 (2000) 1588-1605]. We prove that if G has a positive anchored expansion constant, then so does every infinite cluster of independent percolation with parameter p sufficiently close to 1; a better estimate for the parameters p where this holds is in the Appendix. We also show that positivity of the anchored expansion constant is preserved under a random stretch if and only if the stretching law has an exponential tail. We then study a simple random walk in the infinite percolation cluster in Cayley graphs of certain amenable groups known as lamplighter groups. We prove that zero speed for a random walk on a lamplighter group implies zero speed for random walk on an infinite cluster, for any supercritical percolation parameter p. For p large enough, we also establish the converse.
Implementation of High Reliable 6 T SRAM Cell Design

Memory can be formed with the integration of large number of basic storing element called cells. SRAM cell is one of the basic storing unit of volatile semiconductor memory that stores binary logic '1' or '0' bit. Modified read and write circuits were proposed in this paper to address incorrect read and write operations in conventional 6T SRAM cell design available in open literature. Design of a new highly reliable 6T SRAM cell design is proposed with reliable read, write operations and negative bit line voltage (NBLV). Simulations are carried out using MENTOR GRAPHICS.
Identifying and Structuring Values to Guide the Choice of Sustainability Indicators for Tourism Development

In Mexico, the National Trust for Tourism Promotion (FONATUR) needs to lead development of Integrally Planned Tourist Centers (IPC) towards sustainability. As the development of these IPCs leads to changes in local communities and their environment, it is necessary to define how to establish a path towards sustainability and how to measure progress towards that goal. The objective of this study is to contribute toward identifying the main stakeholder’s values, defining sustainability indicators at a local level, and to discuss their adequacy in the context of tourism development. The study was performed in a Mexican community facing its probable inclusion in tourism development and special attention was given to the values of stakeholders in defining which objectives to monitor. Using Value-Focused Thinking as a framework, a series of interviews were analyzed and the opinions were organized in a tree of values, encompassing environmental, economic, social and political/institutional aspects. A set of indicators associated with these objectives was subsequently proposed. This information may serve as a guide to design and monitor plans that are more appealing from a sustainability perspective and as an aid in the identification of future information needs.
OBSERVER-BASED CONTROL OF A PVTOL AIRCRAFT

Abstract In this paper, we propose an observed-based control for the PVTOL aircraft considering that the angular position is not measurable. The control strategy presented here, is robust with respect to observer errors and takes into account constraints imposed by the nonlinear observer. The observer design is based on the assumption that the horizontal position is the only available measure. We present simulation results in closed-loop when the controller uses the estimated state provided by the observer.
Writing About the Body and the Body of Writing: The Girl’s Body in Israeli Teenage Girls’ Blogs

This qualitative study focuses on blogs written by Israeli girls, aged 14 to 18, concerning their body and the developmental process of identity construction. Using a sociocultural approach, the study examined the ways in which the girls write about their bodies, what issues they raise in their blogs concerning their body and identity, and what blog writing about the body offers to them in the process of identity construction. A combination of thematic-categorical analysis and structural-linguistic analysis was used to analyze 27 blogs (86 posts) written by Israeli girls. The findings reveal a complex picture about the ways in which girls experience their bodies and perceive societal norms concerning their appearance. The blogs included the girls’ feelings of insecurity, stress, and confusion about their body and at the same time served as a place where girls were able to voice resistance to the current ideal of beauty and of social conventions. Findings also reveal the ways in which the girls presented their body to their girl peers. The study concludes that writing blogs is an important channel for Israeli girls to engage in discourse about the body as part of the process of identity formation.
Weather Factors and Performance of Network Utilities: A Methodology and Application to Electricity Distribution

Incentive regulation and efficiency analysis of network utilities often need to take the effect of important external factors, such as the weather conditions, into account. This paper presents a method for estimating the effect of weather conditions on the costs of electricity distribution networks using parametric techniques. It examines whether the use of popular statistical variable reduction techniques is conceptually and econometrically sound for analyzing the effect of weather on the network costs. In this paper we estimate cost functions with the whole set of weather variables, identifying, when necessary, a subset of variables that can accurately reflect the effects of weather conditions. We show that weather conditions significantly affect distribution costs and the absence of weather variables has a downward biased impact on the effect of quality on costs. Also, the performance of statistical weather composites to capture this effect is poor. Finally, we show that there is a distinction between the effects of persistent and time varying weather conditions.
Uplink delay variation compensation in queue length estimation over mobile data networks

Knowledge of the queue length and link buffer size of the bottleneck link has many potential applications such as congestion control, traffic engineering, traffic policing, content adaptation, QoS monitoring and provisioning, etc. A recent work proposed a new Sum-of-Delay (SoD) algorithm which can accurately estimate such link properties in mobile networks. This work presents a delay variation compensation algorithm - Sum-of-Delay with Timestamp (SoD-TS), to further improve SoD's estimation accuracy in networks with large uplink delay variations. The proposed algorithm exploits the existing TCP Timestamp option which is widely deployed and thus can be implemented without modification to the receiver's TCP implementation. By making use of SoD-TS we developed a novel transport layer application - queue-length-based congestion control algorithm (QCC), on top of TCP that tackles the problem of bufferbloat to provide better QoS for applications requiring low end-to-end delay and/or high bandwidth utilization. Trace-driven simulation shows that SoD-TS can effectively eliminate estimation errors caused by uplink delay variations. Moreover, by applying QCC to the widely deployed TCP CUBIC it can reduce the RTT by a factor of over 3.6 while still achieving over 87% bandwidth utilization.
Customer-controlled and -managed optical networks

There is a growing trend for many large enterprises and other users to acquire their own dark fibers and/or point-to-point wavelengths in condominium network architectures. These customer-owned and -managed networks have necessitated the development of a new set of optical network management tools and protocols. These tools and protocols are based on the new Open Grid Services Architecture and other space-based distributed protocols such as Jini and JavaSpaces that will allow end users to independently manage their own portion of a condominium wide area optical network. Participants in such a network will be able to perform their own restoral and protection, optical add-drop multiplexing, or cross-connect to other users on a peer-to-peer basis without signaling or requesting service from a centrally managed entity.
Distribution of resonances for the Neumann problem in linear elasticity outside a strictly convex body

where σij(v) = λ0∇·vδij+μ0 ( ∂vi ∂xj + ∂vj ∂xi ) is the stress tensor, ν is the outer normal to Γ = ∂Ω. It is known that −∆e acting on functions v ∈ C∞ comp(Ω̄;C) satisfying (1.2) can be extended to a self-adjoint operator on L(Ω;C) which will be denoted by L. The operator L is nonnegative and has no point spectrum. Then the cut-off resolvent Rχ(λ) = χ (L− λ2) χ, χ ∈ C∞ 0 being a cut-off function equal to 1 near Γ, can be extended as a meromorphic function from Imλ < 0 to the whole complex plane C with possible poles in Imλ > 0 (see e.g. [Va], [Vo]). The poles of Rχ(λ) are called resonances (known also as scattering poles). There is a lot of works dealing with resonances for the Dirichlet or Neumann Laplacian in an exterior domain. It follows from [MS1] and [MS2] that if there are no trapped rays the singularities of the solution of the wave equation escape to infinity. Thus the method in [LP2] (see also [Va]) gives that for nontrapping obstacles (and in particular for strictly convex ones) for any C1 > 0 there exists C2 > 0 (depending on C1) so that all the resonances are above the curve Imλ = C1 ln |λ|−C2. In the case of analytic boundary this was improved in [BLR] to a cubic curve Imλ = C1|λ|−C2 with some constants C1, C2 > 0 which can be ∗Partly supported by the Bulgarian Science Foundation, Grant MM 401/94.
Efficient, Accurate Internet Traffic Classification using Discretization in Naive Bayes

Accurate network traffic classification is fundamental to numerous network activities, from quality of service to providing operators with useful forecasts for long-term provisioning. In this paper, we apply the discretization method in Naive Bayes for Internet traffic identification and compare the result with that of previously applied Naive Bayes kernel estimation in AUCKLAND VI and Entry data sets. Our results show that discretization is more robust and accurate than kernel estimation. The average accuracy is improved to 97.93% and outperforms the kernel estimation by up to 4.2% in Entry data sets. For AUCKLAND VI data sets, the average accuracy is improved to 90.37% from 34.17%. We also find that discretization method for Naive Bayes is more efficient than kernel method during classification.
Changing the Environment Based on Empowerment as Intrinsic Motivation

Christoph Salge *, Cornelius Glackin and Daniel PolaniAdaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane,Hatﬁeld AL10 9AB, UK; E-Mails: c.salge@herts.ac. uk; c.glackin2@herts.ac. uk; d.polani@herts.ac. uk* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: c.salge@herts.ac. uk;Tel. :+44-1707-284490.Received: 28 February 2014; in revised form: 28 April 2014 / Accepted: 4 May 2014 /Published: 21 May 2014Abstract: One aspect of intelligence is the ability to restructure your own environment sothat the world you live in becomes more beneﬁcial to you. In this paper we investigate howthe information-theoretic measure of agent empowerment can provide a task-independent,intrinsic motivation to restructure the world. We show how changes in embodiment andin the environment change the resulting behaviour of the agent and the artefacts left in theworld. For this purpose, we introduce an approximation of the established empowermentformalism based on sparse sampling, which is simpler and signiﬁcantly faster to computefor deterministic dynamics. Sparse sampling also introduces a degree of randomness into thedecision making process, which turns out to beneﬁcial for some cases. We then utilize themeasure to generate agent behaviour for different agent embodiments in a Minecraft-inspiredthree dimensional block world. The paradigmatic results demonstrate that empowerment canbe used as a suitable generic intrinsic motivation to not only generate actions in given staticenvironments, as shown in the past, but also to modify existing environmental conditions.In doing so, the emerging strategies to modify an agent’s environment turn out to bemeaningful to the speciﬁc agent capabilities, i.e., de facto to its embodiment.Keywords: empowerment; intrinsic motivation; information theory