Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What, exactly, is occupational satisfaction?

I argue in this article that an occupationally satisfying/fulfilling (for this article I treat these two terms as synonyms) life is one in which one's engagement in occupational pursuits achieves the kind of depth, focus, and dedicated commitment that defines what the philosopher Harry Frankfurt calls “wholehearted” action (1999, p. 100). I argue further that the key feature that makes such resolute, wholehearted action possible is the value and worth of those pursuits, a dimension that has not, to my mind, received the attention and treatment it rightly deserves in the occupational science literature. For when one is untroubled by the worth of one's actions, one is free to devote all of one's attention to, and put all of one's effort behind them. That doesn't mean that being wholehearted in one's engagement in occupation is all there is to the notion of occupational satisfaction, but it does mean that in the absence of such full stop engagement in one or more of our occupational endeavors such satisfaction will prove to be practically elusive if not impossible.
Adapting an Evidence-Based HIV Intervention for At-Risk African American College Women at Historically Black Colleges and Universities Who Use Alcohol and Drugs

The convergence of the high prevalence of HIV incidence among African American adolescent and adult women along with substance use and risky sexual behavior among university students necessitates the development of a HIV intervention specifically addressing culture, gender, and college factors for female African American university students. The woman-focused HIV intervention was chosen for adaptation because it has been shown to be efficacious with reducing risk for African American women who use alcohol and drugs, and has been successfully adapted 7 times. The target population was African American college women enrolled at a historically Black university who use alcohol and other drugs, and who engaged in risky sex behaviors. To understand and assess the needs of this population, we conducted four focus groups with African American college women, two in-depth interviews with faculty, and a combination of in-depth interviews and focus groups with student affairs and health staff that were analyzed using content analysis. From this analysis, several themes emerged that were used to adapt the intervention. Emerging themes included challenges related to identity and societal stereotypes, lack of knowledge about sexual health (i.e., negotiating safer sex) and the function of female and male anatomies, high incidents of pregnancy, negative consequences related to alcohol and marijuana use, and the need to incorporate testimonies from college students, media enhancements, and role-plays to convey intervention messages. After the preliminary adaptation, 11 college women reviewed the adapted intervention and provided positive feedback. Plans for future research are discussed.
A Target-Centric Ontology for Intrusion Detection

We present an approach to some security problems in multi-agent systems based on distributed trust and the delegation of permissions, and credibility. We assume an open environment in which agents must interact with other agents with which they are not familiar. In particular, an agent will receive requests and assertions from other agents and must decide how to act on the requests and assess the credibility of the assertions. In a closed environment, agents have well known and familiar transaction partners whose rights and credibility are known. The problem thus reduces to authentication – the reliable identiﬁcation of agents’ true identity. In an open environment, however, agents must transact business even when knowing the true identities is un-informative. Decisions about who to believe and who to serve must be based on an agent’s properties. These properties are established by proving them from an agent’s credentials, delegation assertions, and the appropriate security policy. We begin by describing our approach and the concepts on which it is built. Then we present a design that provides security functions (authorization and credibility assessment) in a typical agent framework (FIPA) and describe initial work in its realization using the semantic web language DAML+OIL.
Group Processes and the Diffusion of Status Beliefs

How are consensual beliefs about the status-value of individual characteristics created in a society? A recent theory posits that inequalities in the distribution of resources in a population are translated into greater or lesser levels of consensus via social interaction in small groups. According to this theory, a macrostructural correlation between resources and a distinguishable individual difference variable constrains who interacts with whom and governs the group dynamics of these encounters. It engenders certain belief-acquisition processes that create and spread status beliefs about the variable, eventually making them consensual. We constructed a formal model of this diffusion process that includes the group interaction effects posited by the theory, also the effects of group size and the unmediated impact of macrostructural conditions. Calculations based on this new integratedformulation support most of the original theoretical analysis. In addition, simulation results suggest the likelihood that two- to four-person groups are especially important as creators and spreaders of status beliefs, supporting in a slightly modified fashion the earlier claim that group processes have the power to translate macrostructural constraints on actors into macro-level outcomes. These simulations also clarify several contingencies and other implications of the theory not fully apparent in the original formulation.
Stakeholder Involvement: A Success Factor for Achieving Better UX Integration

Stakeholder involvement is one of the major success factors in integrating user experience (UX) practices into software development processes and organizations. It is also a necessity for agile software development. However, practitioners still have limited access to guidelines on successful involvement of UX stakeholders in agile settings. Moreover, agile UX literature does not well address the specific characteristics of UX and it does not clearly differentiate between UX and usability work. This paper presents two guidelines for supporting stakeholder involvement in both UX integration and the daily UX work. In particular, we focus on the special characteristics of UX: being dynamic, subjective, holistic, and context-dependent. The guidelines clarify practical implications of these characteristics for practitioners. In addition, they can help researchers in addressing these characteristics better in agile UX research.
Mechanism of Glutamate Neurochemistry : Electron Transfer and Reactive Oxygen Species

Glutamate (Glu) undergoes metabolism to an imine derivative. We propose involvement of the conjugated α-iminocarboxylic acid in neurotoxicity and possibly in neurotransmission. Electrochemistry, captodative effect and bioactivity of related cyclic α-imino acids are relevant. There is also consistency with background literature of Glu indicating participation of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and electron transfer. Alternatively, metal chelates of Glu and Glu imine may play a role. Various analogs of Glu imine were synthesized, namely, oxime and a cyclic model derived from cyclization of the intermediate hydrazone.
Hippocampus and contextual fear conditioning: Recent controversies and advances

Dorsal hippocampal (DH) lesions produce a severe deficit in recently, but not remotely, acquired contextual fear without impairing memory of discrete training stimuli, i.e., DH lesions produce an anterograde and time‐limited retrograde amnesia specific to contextual memory. These data are consistent with the standard model which posits temporary involvement of the hippocampus in recent memory maintenance. However, three recent controversies apparently weaken the case for a selective mnemonic role for the hippocampus in contextual fear. First, although retrograde amnesia (from posttraining lesions) is severe, anterograde amnesia (from pretraining lesions) may be mild or nonexistent. Second, a performance, rather than mnemonic, account of contextual freezing deficits in hippocampal‐lesioned animals has been offered. Third, damage to the entire hippocampus, including the ventral hippocampus, can produce a dramatic and temporally stable disruption of context and tone fear. These data are reviewed and explanations are offered as to why they do not necessarily challenge the standard model of hippocampal memory function in contextual fear. Finally, a more complete description of the hippocampus' proposed role in contextual fear is offered, along with new data supporting this view. In summary, the data support a specific mnemonic role for the DH in the acquisition and consolidation of contextual representations. Hippocampus 2001;11:8–17. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drugs and Crime

Drug law violations and other crimes related to substance abuse incur dire costs in terms of both financial outlay and human suffering. This review of the current professional literature addresses the identification of risk factors and the longitudinal course of addiction and criminal behavior. Results indicate that neither criminally active drug users nor drug users in general are monolithic groups in terms of manifestations of criminal behavior. Drug use and criminal activity are depicted as mutually facilitative behaviors, with research outcomes tending to convey that although drug addiction does not turn nonviolent criminals into violent criminals, active addiction does increase the frequency of criminal activity.
Wound Administration of M2-Polarized Macrophages Does Not Improve Murine Cutaneous Healing Responses

Macrophages play a crucial role in all stages of cutaneous wound healing responses and dysregulation of macrophage function can result in derailed wound repair. The phenotype of macrophages is influenced by the wound microenvironment and evolves during healing from a more pro-inflammatory (M1) profile in early stages, to a less inflammatory pro-healing (M2) phenotype in later stages of repair. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of exogenous administration of M2 macrophages to promote wound healing in an experimental mouse model of cutaneous injury. Bone marrow derived macrophages were stimulated in-vitro with IL-4 or IL-10 to obtain two different subsets of M2-polarized cells, M2a or M2c respectively. Polarized macrophages were injected into full-thickness excisional skin wounds of either C57BL/6 or diabetic db/db mice. Control groups were injected with non-polarized (M0) macrophages or saline. Our data indicate that despite M2 macrophages exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype in-vitro, they do not improve wound closure in wild type mice while they delay healing in diabetic mice. Examination of wounds on day 15 post-injury indicated delayed re-epithelialization and persistence of neutrophils in M2 macrophage treated diabetic wounds. Therefore, topical application of ex-vivo generated M2 macrophages is not beneficial and contraindicated for cell therapy of skin wounds.
Historical Trauma in American Indian/Native Alaska Communities

Over multiple generations, American Indian communities have endured a succession of traumatic events that have enduring consequences for community members. This article presents a multilevel framework for exploring the impact of historically traumatic events on individuals, families, and communities. The critical connection between historically traumatic events and contemporary stressors is also discussed at length.
Closed-loop control in clinical pharmacology paradigms, benefits, and challenges

It is clear that closed-loop control for clinical pharmacology would significantly advance our understanding of the wide effects of pharmacological agents and anesthetics, as well as advance the state-of-the-art in drug delivery systems. While our focus in this paper has been to survey the developments of active control methods to deliver sedation to critically ill patients in an acute care environment and outline some of the future challenges of active sedation control, these control methods will have implications for other uses of closed-loop control of drug delivery. There are numerous potential applications such as control of glucose, heart rate, blood pressure, etc., that may be improved as a result of active drug dosing control. Payoffs would arise from improvements in medical care, health care, reliability of drug dosing equipment, as well as reduced cost for health care.
US Policy on Dollarisation: A Political Analysis

Dollarisation has become a topic of intense debate throughout Latin America, raising the prospect of a vast new currency bloc in the western hemisphere - a potentially pivotal geopolitical event. What policy responses can be expected from the United States? An assessment of potential benefits and costs, both economic and political, suggests that there is no clear presumption regarding US interest, leaving wide latitude for policy discretion. Little change of Washington's current policy of passive neutrality can be expected in the foreseeable future. The only exception would be the possibility of a serious challenge to the dollar's global pre-eminence by Europe's new euro, which could trigger a competitive response from Washington.
Contrasting attitudes to education in England and Japan

Summary In Japan, 95 per cent of young people stay in full‐time education until the age of 18, compared with 32 per cent of 16‐18‐year‐olds in England. Also Japanese students consistently out‐perform students from other nations in international tests of achievement. It was hypothesized that the replication in Japan of an open‐ended survey previously conducted in England would reveal differences in attitudes to education on the part of the relevant samples as well as differing cultural characteristics. It was found that many Japanese 14‐year‐olds attach supreme importance to studying, passing examinations and entering high school, whereas many English 15‐year‐olds were more concerned with getting a job. It was also found that the Japanese emphasized ideals such as kindness and consideration for others, whereas the English stressed characteristics like individuality and love for parents. It was concluded that the academic achievement of young people in Japan springs out of a widespread respect for learning .
Adaptive Image Contrast Enhancement by Computing Distances into a 4-Dimensional Fuzzy Unit Hypercube

A new fuzzy procedure for adaptive gray-level image contrast enhancement (CE) is presented in this paper. Starting from the pixels belonging to a normalized gray-level image, an appropriate smooth S-shaped fuzzy membership function (MF) is considered for gray-scale transformation and is adaptively developed through noise reduction and information loss minimization. Then, a set of fuzzy patches is extracted from the MF, and for each support of each patch, we compute four ascending-order statistics that become points inside a 4-D fuzzy unit hypercube after a suitable fuzzification step. CE is performed by computing the distances among the above points and the points of maximum darkness and maximum brightness (special vertexes in the hypercube), and by determining the rotation of the tangent line to the MF around a crucial point where fuzzy patches and the MF coexist. The proposed procedure enables high CE in all the treated images with performance that is fully comparable with that obtained by three more sophisticated fuzzy techniques and by standard histogram equalization.
Demand characteristics and research into drug use

Abstract Health research makes frequent use of verbal reports; and such reports are usually assumed to be the surface indicants of measurable entities such as attitudes, beliefs, intentions, etc. which reside inside the person. It is our assertion that verbal reports themselves are motivated and variable; they are functional and context-dependent and their meaning and significance are localised. Consequently discourse cannot be treated as if it were fixed and categorical data to be retrieved from memory by asking questions that appear objective or disinterested. A method is postulated, using a social perception analogy with signal detection (SD) theory. The method allows for the assessment of subject criterion, and permits an examination of signal-strength in terms of the researcher's motivation. Data are evaluated in terms of their “robustness”, a measure which derives from the variability of response in different contexts, and under different elicitation procedures. The method requires few assumptions t.
Cosmological mass limits on neutrinos, axions, and other light particles

The small-scale power spectrum of the cosmological matter distribution, together with other cosmological data, provides a sensitive measure of the hot dark matter fraction, leading to restrictive neutrino mass limits. We extend this argument to generic cases of low-mass thermal relics. We vary the cosmic epoch of thermal decoupling, the radiation content of the universe, and the new particle's spin degrees of freedom. Our treatment covers various scenarios of active plus sterile neutrinos or axion-like particles. For three degenerate massive neutrinos, we reproduce the well-known limit of mν<0.34 eV. In a 3+1 scenario of 3 massless and 1 fully thermalized sterile neutrinos we find mν<1.0 eV. Thermally produced QCD axions must obey ma<3.0 eV, superseding limits from a direct telescope search, but leaving room for solar eV-mass axions to be discovered by the CAST experiment.
Partial-decode-and-forward strategy with limited feedback for two way relay channels

In two-way relay channels (TWRC), consisted of one relay and two end nodes, it is generally assumed that all nodes have full channel state information (CSI) about the two links. However, one end node can not obtain the CSI of the link between relay and the other end node, without extra protocol complexity. Therefore, it is difficult to implement the strategies such as partial-decode-and-forward (PDF) in physical-layer network coding (PLNC) which is the most spectrally efficient protocol for TWRC. In this paper, we introduce the limited feedback technique into the PDF strategy in PLNC protocol and propose a practical scheme in which the differential phase information between two channels is fed back to the end nodes from relay using a limited number of feedback bits. For binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, tight upper bounds on the bit error probability (BEP) depending on the number of feedback bits are derived. It is shown via computer simulations that the bit-error-rate performance of the system with full CSI at all nodes is achieved using a few number of feedback bits.
Classification of imbalanced datasets using partition method and support vector machine

Classification is a method used to predict target class for each case in datasets. Classification performance depends on the nature of the sample input datasets during the training of classifier. When data samples of one class are more than the data samples of other class, then it is called as imbalanced datasets. In such case, algorithms always favor classifying samples into the overrepresented (majority) class. Existing classification model are inefficient in recognizing samples of the underrepresented (minority) class, which is frequently the class of interest (the minority class). In this paper, Support vector machine with clustering is proposed for learning from imbalanced data in which multiple sub-datasets are built from majority class samples by cluster partitioning method such that each of these sub-dataset has an approximately equal number of samples as a minority class datasets. Then a number of SVM classifiers is developed so that each classifier is trained with a different majority subdatasets and the same minority datasets. Advantage of proposed approach is that there is no loss of valuable information and no overfitting problem because proposed approach is not removing or adding any samples to datasets. Proposed approach is evaluated on many datasets and its performance is compared with existing SVM. Based on an overall result, we can conclude that the proposed SVM with clustering method is very efficient method for class imbalance problem. And result shows that the proposed approach has improved the minority class performance for imbalance problem compared to existing SVM techniques.
Noncytotoxic Functions of NK Cells: Direct Pathogen Restriction and Assistance to Adaptive Immunity1

Natural killer cells were named after their ability to mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity during innate immune responses. However, it has become clear in recent years that they play an equally important role in restricting infections and assisting the development of adaptive immune responses via their ability to produce cytokines. In humans, a dedicated NK cell subset primarily fulfills these later functions. In this review we discuss the noncytotoxic effector functions of NK cells and how they could be harnessed for immunotherapy and vaccine development.
ENHANCING SWOT ANALYSIS USING TRIZ AND THE BIPOLAR CONFLICT GRAPH : A Case Study on the Microsoft Corporation

In strategic planning, SWOT analysis is the most common technique for situation analysis of organizations. “SWOT” is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. However, the results of SWOT analysis, which are presented in a 2x2 matrix, are largely descriptive. The matrix contains a listing of organizational strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are usually the outputs of brainstorming sessions. Traditionally, a SWOT-analysis matrix is not systematically and formally analyzed with a view to developing strategies for increasing the organization’s “ideality”, efficiency, or performance. This paper presents a new framework for improving SWOT analysis and consequently, strategic planning for the “ideal organization” using TRIZ and the “Bipolar Conflict Graph. ” This new framework facilitates the systematic identification as well as elimination of physical and technical contradictions (“conflicts”) in organizations. Continuously eliminating conflicts results in an organization steadily increasing its performance and competitive advantage. As an illustration of the enhanced framework for SWOT analysis, TRIZ and the bipolar conflict graph are systematically applied to the Microsoft Corporation. The main results of this case study are numerous alternative strategies that could be tested and evaluated using hard data from Microsoft. The new framework, which mainly integrates SWOT Analysis and TRIZ, could be used to facilitate continuous improvement of organizations, products, services, and processes.