Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Please Scroll down for Article International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology the Dual-mode Theory of Affective Responses to Exercise in Metatheoretical Context: I. Initial Impetus, Basic Postulates, and Philosophical Framework

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Increased Difficulties in Managing Stairs in Visually Impaired Older Adults: A Community-Based Survey

Purpose Managing stairs is a challenging aspect of daily activities of living for older people. We assessed whether older adults with visual impairment (VI) have greater difficulties of managing stairs in daily lives. Methods The study was designed as a community-based cross-sectional study based on a Chinese cohort aged 60 years and older in rural China. Visual acuity (VA) was measured in both eyes using a retro-illuminated Snellen chart with tumbling-E optotypes. VI (including blindness) was defined as presenting VA of worse than 20/60 in either eye. Having any difficulties in managing stairs was self-reported based on a question drawn from the Barthel Index. Information on participants’ socioeconomic status, lifestyle-related factors, diseases histories and medication intake was collected using a questionnaire. Results The Barthel Index, Activities of Daily Living questionnaire was completed by 4597 (99.7%) participants including 2218 men and 2379 women. The age of the participants ranged from 60 to 93 years with a mean of 67.6 ± 6.3 years. In age and gender adjusted models, adults with VI had a higher likelihood of having difficulties in managing stairs (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0, 3.7) compared with those without. The association of VI with the likelihood of having difficulties in managing stairs was stronger in older adults who lived alone (OR = 3.2; 95%CI 1.8, 4.5) compared with those who lived with other family members (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.3, 4.3). Compared with hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cognitive dysfunction, VI had the greatest impact on people's abilities of managing stairs. Conclusion VI was associated with an increased likelihood of having difficulties in managing stairs, especially in those who lived alone. However, whether the finding could be extrapolated to other populations warrants further studies as different environmental exposures such as illumination and types of stairs may alter the association observed in this study.
Context clustering for Word Sense Disambiguation based on modeling pairwise context similarities

Traditionally, word sense disambiguation (WSD) involves a different context model for each individual word. This paper presents a new approach to WSD using weakly supervised learning. Statistical models are not trained for the contexts of each individual word, but for the similarities between context pairs at category level. The insight is that the correlation regularity between the sense distinction and the context distinction can be captured at category level, independent of individual words. This approach only requires a limited amount of existing annotated training corpus in order to disambiguate the entire vocabulary. A context clustering scheme is developed within the Bayesian framework. A maximum entropy model is then trained to represent the generative probability distribution of context similarities based on heterogeneous features, including trigger words and parsing structures. Statistical annealing is applied to derive the final context clusters by globally fitting the pairwise context similarity distribution. Benchmarking shows that this new approach significantly outperforms the existing WSD systems in the unsupervised category, and rivals supervised WSD systems.
XML schemas without order

XML schemas consist of context-free grammars that allow regular expressions on the right-hand side of productions. In the schema deﬁnition language ScmDL , XML schemas are enhanced to, among other things, mark nodes as ordered or as unordered. An unordered node is then derived by a production with a regular expression r if the string induced by its children belongs to the symmetric closure of r . The symmetric closure of r consists of all permutations of all strings in r . We say that a language is unordered if it equals its symmetric closure. In this paper we also consider various other formalisms to specify unordered languages: shuﬄe expressions, order-invariant regular expressions, and two logical languages L mod , ≥ and L ≥ . The latter allow to express modular and/or ≥ constraints on the number of times symbols can occur. We characterize the expressiveness of the mentioned formalisms and consider the complexity of their equivalence problem. We conclude that nearly all these formalisms are too expressive: they allow to specify complex languages with little practical signiﬁcance. Therefore, we propose to use the logics L ≥ or L ∗≥ to express unordered languages.
AN OVERVIEW OF PROLOG

λProlog is a logic programming language that extends Prolog by incorporating notions of higher-order functions, λ-terms, higher-order unification, polymorphic types, and mechanisms for building modules and secure abstract data types. These new features are provided in a principled fashion by extending the classical first-order theory of Horn clauses to the intuitionistic higher-order theory of hereditary Harrop formulas. The justification for considering this extension a satisfactory logic programming language is provided through the proof-theoretic notion of a uniform proof. The correspondence between each extension to Prolog and the new features in the stronger logical theory is discussed. Also discussed are various aspects of an experimental implementation of λProlog. Appears in the Fifth International Conference Symposium on Logic Programming, 15 – 19 August 1988, Seattle, Washington. This is a slightly corrected version of the paper in the Proceedings. Address correspondence to gopalan@cs.duke. edu or dale@linc.cis. upenn.edu or to the addresses above.
CD43 Expression Regulated by IL-12 Signaling Is Associated with Survival of CD8 T Cells

Background In addition to TCR and costimulatory signals, cytokine signals are required for the differentiation of activated CD8 T cells into memory T cells and their survival. Previously, we have shown that IL-12 priming during initial antigenic stimulation significantly enhanced the survival of activated CD8 T cells and increased the memory cell population. In the present study, we analyzed the mechanisms by which IL-12 priming contributes to activation and survival of CD8 T cells. Methods We observed dramatically decreased expression of CD43 in activated CD8 T cells by IL-12 priming. We purified CD43lo and CD43hi cells after IL-12 priming and analyzed the function and survival of each population both in vivo and in vitro. Results Compared to CD43hi effector cells, CD43lo effector CD8 T cells exhibited reduced cytolytic activity and lower granzyme B expression but showed increased survival. CD43lo effector CD8 T cells also showed increased in vivo expansion after adoptive transfer and antigen challenge. The enhanced survival of CD43lo CD8 T cells was also partly associated with CD62L expression. Conclusion We suggest that CD43 expression regulated by IL-12 priming plays an important role in differentiation and survival of CD8 T cells.
Cache-Aware Task Partitioning for Multicore Real-Time Systems

The correct functioning of real-time systems depends not only on the logically correct response, but also the time when it is given. This type of application is increasingly present today and the processing demand is such that complex multi-core processors are needed. The development of multiprocessor is ahead of the techniques of analysis of such systems and it is therefore necessary further research to promote reliability and to reduce over-specified systems. In modern processors, task preemption introduces indirect cost related to the cache memory. A preemption evicts a large amount of memory blocks from the cache memory during the preempting time interval. In this paper we present a partitioning heuristic that includes the cache related preemption delay assumptions in a multiprocessor system with cache memory focusing in partitioned fixed priority preemptive scheduling.
The Evolutionary Status of Be Stars: Results from a Photometric Study of Southern Open Clusters

Be stars are a class of rapidly rotating B stars with circumstellar disks that cause Balmer and other line emission. There are three possible reasons for the rapid rotation of Be stars: they may have been born as rapid rotators, spun up by binary mass transfer, or spun up during the main-sequence (MS) evolution of B stars. To test the various formation scenarios, we have conducted a photometric survey of 55 open clusters in the southern sky. Of these, five clusters are probably not physically associated groups and our results for two other clusters are not reliable, but we identify 52 definite Be stars and an additional 129 Be candidates in the remaining clusters. We use our results to examine the age and evolutionary dependence of the Be phenomenon. We find an overall increase in the fraction of Be stars with age until 100 Myr, and Be stars are most common among the brightest, most massive B-type stars above the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS). We show that a spin-up phase at the terminal-age main sequence (TAMS) cannot produce the observed distribution of Be stars, but up to 73% of the Be stars detected may have been spun-up by binary mass transfer. Most of the remaining Be stars were likely rapid rotators at birth. Previous studies have suggested that low metallicity and high cluster density may also favor Be star formation. Our results indicate a possible increase in the fraction of Be stars with increasing cluster distance from the Galactic center (in environments of decreasing metallicity). However, the trend is not significant and could be ruled out due to the intrinsic scatter in our data. We also find no relationship between the fraction of Be stars and cluster density.
Free holomorphic automorphisms of the unit ball of B(ℋ) n

Abstract In this paper we continue the study of free holomorphic functions on the noncommutative ball where B(ℋ) is the algebra of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space ℋ, and n = 1, 2, . or n = ∞. These are noncommutative multivariable analogues of the analytic functions on the open unit disc 𝔻 ≔ {z ∈ ℂ : |z| < 1}. The theory of characteristic functions for row contractions (elements in ) is used to determine the group of all free holomorphic automorphisms of [B(ℋ) n ]1. It is shown that , the Moebius group of the open unit ball 𝔹 n ≔ {λ ∈ ℂn : ∥λ∥2 < 1}. We show that the noncommutative Poisson transform commutes with the action of the automorphism group . This leads to a characterization of the unitarily implemented automorphisms of the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra C*(S 1, . . . , Sn ), which leave invariant the noncommutative disc algebra . This result provides new insight into Voiculescu's group of automorphisms of the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra and reveals new connections with noncommutative multivariable operator theory, especially, the theory of characteristic functions for row contractions and the noncommutative Poisson transforms. We show that the unitarily implemented automorphisms of the noncommutative disc algebra and the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebra , respectively, are determined by the free holomorphic automorphisms of [B(ℋ)n]1, via the noncommutative Poisson transform. Moreover, we prove that . We also prove that any completely isometric automorphism of the noncommutative disc algebra has the form where . We deduce a similar result for the noncommutative Hardy algebra , which, due to Davidson-Pitts results on the automorphisms of , implies that is isomorphic to the group of contractive automorphisms of . We study the isometric dilations and the characteristic functions of row contractions under the action of the automorphism group . This enables us to obtain some results concerning the behavior of the curvature and the Euler characteristic of a row contraction under . Finally, in the last section, we prove a maximum principle for free holomorphic functions on the noncommutative ball [B(ℋ) n ]1 and provide some extensions of the classical Schwarz lemma to our noncommutative setting.
Production of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin by human T cell lines and peripheral blood T lymphocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate and anti-CD3 antibody

The induction of mRNA synthesis and accumulation of TNF/cachectin and lymphotoxin (LT) mRNAs in T leukemic cell lines and freshly isolated T cells were studied by Northern blot analyses. Without stimulation, TNF mRNA was barely detected in four T cell lines (CEM, KE4, MT-1, and SKW- 3) and not detectable in Molt-4 and Jurkat cells, while a considerable amount of TNF mRNA was observed in HSB-2 cells. When stimulated by PMA, these T cell lines accumulated varying levels of TNF mRNA. All seven T cell lines expressed LT mRNA when unstimulated and responded well to PMA by increased accumulation of LT mRNA. The calcium ionophore A23187 by itself had no effect on TNF and LT mRNA accumulations in these cell lines. The CD3+ T cell lines did not respond to anti-CD3 mAb T3-II alone. However, A23187 and mAb T3-II further elevated TNF and LT mRNA accumulations in PMA-treated T cell lines. Synergism between PMA and mAb T3-II was modest in the CD3+ cell lines. A slight difference in kinetics of TNF and LT mRNA accumulations was noted. In addition, heterogeneities in TNF and LT expressions by these cell lines in responses to PMA and other stimuli were observed. In monocyte-depleted peripheral blood T cell populations. PMA was able to induce both TNF and LT mRNA syntheses. This effect was potentiated markedly by the addition of anti-CD3 mAb T3-II. This synergistic response to anti-CD3 mAb and PMA provided further evidence that T cells were the source of TNF synthesis in these cultures. There was a difference in the kinetics of TNF mRNA accumulation and that of LT mRNA. Maximal accumulation of TNF mRNA occurred at 4 h while 8-18 h was required for maximal LT mRNA accumulation. IL-2 mRNA accumulated at an intermediate peak time of 4-8 h. Western blot analyses and cytotoxicity assays with L cells as targets indicated that these T cell lines and peripheral blood T cells secreted TNF. These results provide further evidence that human T cells are capable of making TNF as well as LT under appropriate stimulations. Their productions are an integral part of T cell response to activation signals. In addition, it appears that the production of these two closely related molecules is independently regulated.
Artificial selection on male genitalia length alters female brain size

Male harassment is a classic example of how sexual conflict over mating leads to sex-specific behavioural adaptations. Females often suffer significant costs from males attempting forced copulations, and the sexes can be in an arms race over male coercion. Yet, despite recent recognition that divergent sex-specific interests in reproduction can affect brain evolution, sexual conflict has not been addressed in this context. Here, we investigate whether artificial selection on a correlate of male success at coercion, genital length, affects brain anatomy in males and females. We analysed the brains of eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), which had been artificially selected for long or short gonopodium, thereby mimicking selection arising from differing levels of male harassment. By analogy to how prey species often have relatively larger brains than their predators, we found that female, but not male, brain size was greater following selection for a longer gonopodium. Brain subregion volumes remained unchanged. These results suggest that there is a positive genetic correlation between male gonopodium length and female brain size, which is possibly linked to increased female cognitive ability to avoid male coercion. We propose that sexual conflict is an important factor in the evolution of brain anatomy and cognitive ability.
Quantitative contribution of climate change and human activities to runoff changes in the Wei River basin, China

Surface runoff from the Wei River basin, the largest tributary of the Yellow River in China, has dramatically decreased over last 51 years from 1958 to 2008. Climate change and human activities have been identified as the two main reasons for the decrease in runoff. The study period is split into two sub-periods (1958–1989 and 1990–2008) using the Mann–Kendall jump test. This study develops an improved climate elasticity method based on the original climate elasticity method, and conducts a quantitative assessment of the impact of climate change and human activities on the runoff decrease in the Wei River basin. The results from the original climate elasticity method show that climatic impacts contribute 37–40% to the decrease in runoff, while human impacts contribute 60–63%. In contrast, the results from the improved climate elasticity method yield a climatic contribution to runoff decrease of 22–29% and a human contribution of 71–78%. A discussion of the simulation reliability and uncertainty concludes that the improved climate elasticity method has a better mechanism and can provide more reasonable results.
Load Balancing and Range Queries in P2P Systems Using P-Ring

In peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, computers from around the globe share data and can participate in distributed computation. P2P became famous, and infamous, due to file-sharing systems like Napster. However, the scalability and robustness of these systems make them appealing to a wide range of applications. This article introduces P-Ring, a new peer-to-peer index structure. P-Ring is fully distributed, fault tolerant, and provides load balancing and logarithmic search performance while supporting both equality and range queries. Our theoretical analysis as well as experimental results, obtained both in a simulated environment and on PlanetLab, show the performance of our system.
A Modified Approach to Biologically Motivated Saliency Mapping

The human eye is trained to find objects of greater importance in its field of vision. Hence visual attention systems have been proposed to replicate this ability for computer vision. In this paper, a leading method to mirror mammalian saliency detection will be evaluated and expanded upon to more accurately model the most salient features of an image. We compare our approach against traditional methods via a simple survey of human participants.
The Usefulness of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Acute Isolated Vertigo Patients in the Emergency

RESULTS: Among 2671 patients, 23.4% (626) needed MRI to diagnose vertigo of central origin. Of these, 4.6% (122/2671) of patients had confirmed vertigo of central origin, such as cerebral infarction (2.4%, 63/2671) or cerebral vascular accident (0.7%, 19). For the diagnosis of a central cause of acute isolated vertigo in patients in the ED, the sensitivity of MRI was 89.3%, and the specificity was 100%. In both young adult and adult patients, the frequency of central vertigo increased in patients with underlying diseases. CONCLUSION: The utility of MRI may not be high in patients with acute isolated vertigo in the ED under age 65 years unless they have signs or risk factors of cerebral vascular accident.
A Novel Source of Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal in Retina: Implications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Aging of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the eye is marked by accumulations of bisretinoid fluorophores; two of the compounds within this lipofuscin mixture are A2E and all-trans-retinal dimer. These pigments are implicated in pathological mechanisms involved in some vision-threatening disorders including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Studies have shown that bisretinoids are photosensitive compounds that undergo photooxidation and photodegradation when irradiated with short wavelength visible light. Utilizing ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) we demonstrate that photodegradation of A2E and all-trans-retinal dimer generates the dicarbonyls glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MG), that are known to modify proteins by advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) formation. By extracellular trapping with aminoguanidine, we established that these oxo-aldehydes are released from irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISA) revealed that the substrate underlying A2E-containing RPE was AGE-modified after irradiation. This AGE deposition was suppressed by prior treatment of the cells with aminoguanidine. AGE-modification causes structural and functional impairment of proteins. In chronic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, MG and GO modify proteins by non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation reactions. AGE-modified proteins are also components of drusen, the sub-RPE deposits that confer increased risk of AMD onset. These results indicate that photodegraded RPE bisretinoid is likely to be a previously unknown source of MG and GO in the eye.
Memory coherence in shared virtual memory systems

This paper studies the memory coherence problem in designing and implementing a shared virtual memory on looselycoupled multiprocessors. Two classes of algorithms for solving the problem are presented. A prototype shared virtual memory on an Apollo ring has been implemented based on these algorithms. Both theoretical and practical results show that the memory coherence problem can indeed be solved efficiently on a loosely-coupled multiprocessor.
Hidden Markov Models in voice activity detection

This paper describes two algorithms for speech/pause detection based on Hidden Markov Models. There are proposed algorithm based on separate training and testing and algorithm on simultaneous training-testing procedure. Algorithm are compared to the differential cepstral detector. HMM based algorithms are successful especially under low SNR . Under higher SNR they reach comparable results to the cepstral detector.
Ontology-Based Temporal Relation Modeling with MapReduce Latent Dirichlet Allocations for Big EHR Data

In this paper, we propose a model called Temporal & Co reference Topic Modeling (TCTM) to do automatic annotation with respect to the Time Event Ontology (TEO) for the big-size Electronic Health Record (EHR). TCTM, based on Latent Dirichlet Allocations (LDA) and integrated into MapReduce framework, inherently addresses the twin problem of data sparseness and high dimensionality. As a non-parametric Bayesian model, it can flexibly add new attributes or features. Side information associated with corpora, such as section header, timestamp, sentence distance, event distance or disease category in clinical notes makes latent topics more interpretable and more biased toward co referring events. Furthermore, TCTM integrates Hidden Markov Model LDA (HMM-LDA) to obtain the power of both sequential modeling and exchangeability. A MapReduce based variational method is employed to do parameter estimation and inferences, thus enabling TCTM to overcome the bottleneck brought by big data.