Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innate Immune Responses and Antioxidant/Oxidant Imbalance Are Major Determinants of Human Chagas Disease

Background We investigated the pathological and diagnostic role of selected markers of inflammation, oxidant/antioxidant status, and cellular injury in human Chagas disease. Methods Seropositive/chagasic subjects characterized as clinically-symptomatic or clinically-asymptomatic (n = 116), seronegative/cardiac subjects (n = 102), and seronegative/healthy subjects (n = 45) were analyzed for peripheral blood biomarkers. Results Seropositive/chagasic subjects exhibited an increase in sera or plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, 2.8-fold), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP, 56%), nitrite (5.7-fold), lipid peroxides (LPO, 12–17-fold) and malondialdehyde (MDA, 4–6-fold); and a decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD, 52%) and glutathione (GSH, 75%) contents. Correlation analysis identified a significant (p<0.001) linear relationship between inflammatory markers (AOPP/nitrite: r = 0.877), inflammation and antioxidant/oxidant status (AOPP/glutathione peroxidase (GPX): r = 0.902, AOPP/GSH: r = 0.806, Nitrite/GPX: 0.773, Nitrite/LPO: 0.805, MDA/MPO: 0.718), and antioxidant/oxidant levels (GPX/MDA: r = 0.768) in chagasic subjects. Of these, MPO, LPO and nitrite biomarkers were highly specific and sensitive for distinguishing seropositive/chagasic subjects from seronegative/healthy controls (p<0.001, training and fitting AUC/ROC >0.95). The MPO (r = 0.664) and LPO (r = 0.841) levels were also correlated with clinical disease state in chagasic subjects (p<0.001). Seronegative/cardiac subjects exhibited up to 77% decline in SOD, 3–5-fold increase in LPO and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels, and statistically insignificant change in MPO, AOPP, MDA, GPX, GSH, and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Conclusions The interlinked effects of innate immune responses and antioxidant/oxidant imbalance are major determinants of human Chagas disease. The MPO, LPO and nitrite are excellent biomarkers for diagnosing seropositive/chagasic subjects, and MPO and LPO levels have potential utility in identifying clinical severity of Chagas disease.
Local , General and Universal Prediction Strategies : A Game-Theoretical Approach to the Problem of Induction

In this paper I present a game-theoretical approach to the problem of induction. I investigate the comparative success of prediction methods by mathematical analysis and computer programming. Hume's problem lies in the fact that although the success of object-inductive prediction strategies is quite robust, they cannot be universally optimal. My proposal towards a solution of the problem of induction is meta-induction. I show that there exist meta-inductive prediction strategies whose success is universally optimal, modulo short-run losses which are upper-bounded. I then turn to the implications of my approach for the evolution of cognition. In the final section I suggest a revision of the paradigm of bounded rationality by introducing the distinction between local, general and universal prediction strategies.
How to do lexical quality estimation of a large OCRed historical Finnish newspaper collection with scarce resources

The National Library of Finland has digitized the historical newspapers published in Finland between 1771 and 1910. This collection contains approximately 1.95 million pages in Finnish and Swedish. Finnish part of the collection consists of about 2.40 billion words. The National Library's Digital Collections are offered via the this http URL web service, also known as Digi. Part of the newspaper material (from 1771 to 1874) is also available freely downloadable in The Language Bank of Finland provided by the FINCLARIN consortium. The collection can also be accessed through the Korp environment that has been developed by Sprakbanken at the University of Gothenburg and extended by FINCLARIN team at the University of Helsinki to provide concordances of text resources. A Cranfield style information retrieval test collection has also been produced out of a small part of the Digi newspaper material at the University of Tampere. Quality of OCRed collections is an important topic in digital humanities, as it affects general usability and searchability of collections. There is no single available method to assess quality of large collections, but different methods can be used to approximate quality. This paper discusses different corpus analysis style methods to approximate overall lexical quality of the Finnish part of the Digi collection. Methods include usage of parallel samples and word error rates, usage of morphological analyzers, frequency analysis of words and comparisons to comparable edited lexical data. Our aim in the quality analysis is twofold: firstly to analyze the present state of the lexical data and secondly, to establish a set of assessment methods that build up a compact procedure for quality assessment after e.g. new OCRing or post correction of the material. In the discussion part of the paper we shall synthesize results of our different analyses.
Gender and the Workplace: The Impact of Stereotype Threat on Self- Assessment of Management Skills of Female Business Students

Stereotype threat, the threat of being stereotyped against (Steele & Aronson, 1995), regardless of the legitimacy of the stereotype, can impact not only productivity, but goals, behavior, and ultimately attitudes. Stereotype threat impacts not only racial groups but men and women as well, each group impacted by the negative stereotypes about their intellectual and/or work performance. As the workplace becomes more and more diverse, managers must understand and brace for the impact stereotypes have on their workers. This study looks at the impact of stereotype threat on male and female business majors in the workplace and future entrepreneurs. The impact of stereotype was measured in their ranking of their own management skills, how they thought others would rank their management skills, and their goals in the workplace.
The BCG signal feature extraction and recognition based on the cumulative residual entropy

In this paper, we use cumulative residual entropy to get the features of Ballistocardiogram (BCG). The data after feature recognition are classified by Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to compare the accuracy. Experimental results indicate that high classification accuracy can be obtained. The method can be used in some disease identification.
Funciones ejecutivas y procesamiento emocional en la psicopatía : comparación entre psicópatas exitosos y psicópatas criminales.

Antecedentes: La psicopatia es una entidad nosologica que implica aspectos afectivos, conductuales e interpersonales. Su estudio en poblacion penitenciaria ha evidenciado deficits en el procesamiento emocional y en las funciones ejecutivas. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre los psicopatas sin historial delictivo (exitosos). Podria ser que estos dos tipos de individuos fueran distintos en algunas caracteristicas neurobiologicas.Hipotesis: Los psicopatas exitosos y los psicopatas criminales comparten deficits en el procesamiento emocional pero los segundos presentan deficits en las funciones ejecutivas que no presentan los primeros. Objetivo: Analizar hasta que punto los deficits en funciones ejecutivas y en procesamiento emocional de los psicopatas son propios del sindrome o estan relacionados con la criminalidad. Metodologia: cuatro grupos de 30 individuos resultantes de la combinacion psicopatia x criminalidad seran evaluados en: a) funciones ejecutivas, b) el paradigma de la modulacion afectiva del reflejo de sobresalto y c) la valoracion afectiva de imagenes.
The Nucleocapsid Domain Is Responsible for the Ability of Spleen Necrosis Virus (SNV) Gag Polyprotein To Package both SNV and Murine Leukemia Virus RNA

ABSTRACT Murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vector RNA can be packaged and propagated by the proteins of spleen necrosis virus (SNV). We recently demonstrated that MLV proteins cannot support the replication of an SNV-based vector; RNA analysis revealed that MLV proteins cannot efficiently package SNV-based vector RNA. The domain in Gag responsible for the specificity of RNA packaging was identified using chimericgag-pol expression constructs. A competitive packaging system was established by generating a cell line that expresses one viral vector RNA containing the MLV packaging signal (Ψ) and another viral vector RNA containing the SNV packaging signal (E). The chimericgag-pol expression constructs were introduced into the cells, and vector titers as well as the efficiency of RNA packaging were examined. Our data confirm that Gag is solely responsible for the selection of viral RNAs. Furthermore, the nucleocapsid (NC) domain in the SNV Gag is responsible for its ability to interact with both SNV E and MLV Ψ. Replacement of the SNV NC with the MLV NC generated a chimeric Gag that could not package SNV RNA but retained its ability to package MLV RNA. A construct expressing SNV gag-MLVpol supported the replication of both MLV and SNV vectors, indicating that the gag and pol gene products from two different viruses can functionally cooperate to perform one cycle of retroviral replication. Viral titer data indicated that SNVcis-acting elements are not ideal substrates for MLVpol gene products since infectious viruses were generated at a lower efficiency. These results indicate that the nonreciprocal recognition between SNV and MLV extends beyond the Gag-RNA interaction and also includes interactions between Pol and othercis-acting elements.
The Effect of Teaching Approaches and Self-Efficacy on the Students’ Achievement in Reading Comprehension

This research focused on the students ability in reading comprehension because reading comprehension is a fundamental for English foreign learner in observing new information and knowledge. Thus, this study was going to find out the effect of teaching approaches and self efficacy on the students’ achievement in reading comprehension. This study would be carried out by applying a quantitative method. The population of this research was all the students of grade ten in senior high school of MAN Kabanjahe. The sample of research was taken by cluster random sampling technique. The result of this study revealed that the students with high self efficacy tend to more interested in accomplishing task. They also have a good effort and desire to get the information from the text. Meanwhile, those who have low self efficacy will have less capability in finding new ideas or information. Otherwise, comparing the two approaches and selfefficacy, it can be concluded that there is an interaction between teaching approaches and self efficacy on the students’ achievement in reading comprehension. Keywords— reading, teaching approaches, self-efficacy
Non-Rigid Structure from Motion Based on MRF

In this paper, we address the problem of estimating the 3D structure and motion of a non-rigid object based on feature points throughout a image sequence. The main limitation of existing factorization methods is that they are difficult to provide correct structure and motion estimates: the motion matrix has a repetitive structure which is not represented by these methods. In order to cope with this problem, we formulate the 3D non-rigid shape as a linear combination of basis trajectories which are represented by the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). Based on this, a framework of Markov random field (MRF) with constraints is proposed. By incorporating the motion prior constraints into the MRF, the motion smoothness features between consecutive image frames and local regions are reflected. Finally, the motion and shape estimates are achieved by a non-linear optimization method. Experimental results from a talking face image sequence demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Advanced Power Electronic Interface for Hybrid Energy Storage System

Microgrids are one of the most useful and efficient ways to integrate the renewable energy technologies in order to improve security, quality, reliability and availability of electricity supply. In order to achieve these benefits when a microgrid with a substantial amount of stochastic generation operates in grid connected mode but also during islanding mode, the use of storage systems is essential. The main goal of the storage is to perform power balance during islanding mode and to avoid the effect of the renewable energy sources intermittency and load fluctuations to the grid. However, none of the currently available Energy Storage Systems (ESS) has the necessary high power and energy densities to face the effect of different disturbances coming from the load or renewable energy sources. Thus, the association of more than one storage technology in a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) can be used to satisfy the above mentioned requirements. Generally, separate DC/DC converters are required to interconnect the different ESS with an inverter in order to supply the distributed system in a microgrid. The present work proposes the association of a Vanadium-Redox flow battery (VRB) with supercapacitors and a Three-level Neutral Point Clamped Inverter Interface for energy management in a microgrid. The power converter control and the energy management are also detailed. The feasibility of the proposed system has been proved in Matlab/Simulink.
Syntactic Analysis in Information Extraction Systems

We have prepared a set of notes incorporating the visual aids used during the Information Extraction Tu-torial for the IJCAI-99 tuto-rial series. This document also contains additional information , such as the URLs of stes on the World Wide Web containing additional information likely to be of interest. If you are reading this document using an appropriately configured Acrobat Reader (available free from Adobe at http:// w w w. a d o b e. c o m / p r o d i n d e x / a c r o b a t / readstep.html) is appropriately configured, you can go directly to these URLs in your web browser by clicking them. This tutorial is designed to introduce you to the fundamental concepts of information extraction (IE) technology, and to give you an idea of what the state of the art performance in extraction technology is, what is involved in building IE systems, and various approaches taken to their design and implementation, and the kinds of resources and tools that are available to assist in constructing information extraction systems, including linguistic resources such as lexicons and name lists, as well as tools for annotating training data for automatically trained systems. Most IE systems process texts in sequential steps (or " phases ") ranging from lexical and morphological processing, recognition and typing of proper names, parsing of larger syntactic constituents, resolution of anaphora and coreference, and the ultimate extraction of domain-relevent events and relationships from the text. We discuss each of these system components and various approaches to their design. 2 In addition to these tutorial notes, the authors have prepared several other resources related to information extraction of which you may wish to avail yourself. We have created a web page for this tutorial at the URL mentioned in the Power Point slide in the next illustration. This page provides many links of interest to anyone wanting more information about the field of information extraction, including pointers to research sites, commercial sites, and system development tools. We felt that providing this resource would be appreciated by those taking the tutorial, however, we subject ourselves to the risk that some interesting and relevant information has been inadvertently omitted during our preparations. Please do not interpret the presence or absence of a link to any system or research paper to be a positive or negative evaluation of the system or …
Direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional swirling n-heptane spray flames

Spray combustion is encountered in many engineering applications, such as internal combustion engines and gas-turbine aircraft engines. In these systems, the concurrent processes of liquid atomization, droplet evaporation, turbulent dispersion, and combustion interact and strongly affect each other, which makes experimental measurement and high-fidelity simulation challenging. To understand these multi-physics phenomena and their strong coupling interactions, methodology of direct numerical simulation (DNS) is helpful. DNS has been proven to be a powerful tool for exploring fundamentals of single-phase turbulent flows (Moin & Mahesh 1998) and turbulent combustion (Vervisch & Poinsot 1998). Recently, DNS has been applied to study spray combustion (Reveillon & Vervisch 2005; Domingo et al. 2005; Watanabe et al. 2008). Peraa & Reveillon (2007) further applied a two-dimensional compressible solver to explore the spray flame/acoustic interactions. However, all these studies are limited to two-dimensional and simple configurations. Large eddy simulation (LES) has also been extended to study spray combustion of realistic applications (Moin & Apte 2006; Patela et al. 2007). Although consistent results with experimental data have been achieved, using models of gaseous combustion to describe spray flames leads to some modeling issues, as discussed by Baba & Kurose (2008). For example, this approach suggests that combustion can be accurately modeled independent of spray evaporation. However, the combustion process is intricately coupled with the spray evaporation, and combustion models should correctly reflect these interactions. The present study is motivated by the above background. To gain a better understanding of three-dimensional spray flame behavior, as well as evaporation-combustion interactions in a more realistic configuration, direct numerical simulations of n-heptane spray flames in a model swirling combustor have been conducted. The simulations are performed to approach realistic spray combustion as much as possible. Potential insights into swirling spray combustion are presented, and relevant modeling issues are discussed.
Two Major Paths of Gene-Duplicates Evolution

Evolving genomes increase a number of their genes by gene duplications. To escape degradation in a functionless pseudogene, any gene duplicate needs to be guarded by negative (purifying) selection from otherwise inevitable fixation of degenerative mutations. In the present study we focus on the evolutionary stage at which new duplicates come under such surveillance. Our analyses of several genomes indicate that in about 10% gene pairs, selection begins to guard a new gene copy very soon after a duplication event whereas the vast majority (90%) of extra genes remain redundant and unrecognised by selection. Such duplicates accumulate all mutations (including degenerative) in neutral fashion and are actually destined to become pseudogenes. We revealed this "two-stream" evolutionary pattern by the analysis of mutations in 2nd versus 3rd codon positions but not by the routinely used ratio of amino acid replacements (R) versus silent substitutions (S), i.e. the '2nd vs. 3rd' metric proved to be more resolving than the traditional 'R vs. S' one for distinguishing neutrally evolving future pseudogenes from their functional counterparts controlled by negative selection. In gene databases for large genomes, hundreds of future pseudogenes are annotated as functional genes because they do look like intact and valuable by standard criteria, including even active transcription and translation. Apparently, these "pseudogenes-to-be" over-cloud and mimic those very infrequent gene duplicates with increased sequence evolution rates driven by positive selection.
A Conceptual Model of Knowledge Work Productivity for Software Development Process: Quality Issues

Knowledge is considered as the main competitive asset of the organization.Work on the knowledge work productivity has barely begun, but the most important contribution that management needs to construct in the 21st century is not only to increase the productivity of knowledge work and knowledge workers in the new century.The quality of knowledge work productivity are becomes pivotal in the context of software development today.Software development is a knowledge-intensive activity and its success depends heavily on the developers’ knowledge and experience. A conceptual model will be proposed on a way describing organization to improve quality of knowledge work productivity. The methodology begins with a reviewing a theoretical foundation and expert review that provides the scientific basis for knowledge work productivity specifically for software development. A questionnaire will be constructing in order to investigate the relationship between factors of knowledge work and quality of productivity on knowledge work. The respondents are software developers from Small Manufacturing Enterprise(SME). The data will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify the significant direct relationship effect among the factors. The proposed model will be helpful for the software developers to understand the determinant factors for knowledge works productivity.
Infrastructure for domain-specific aspect languages: the relax case study

Domain-specific aspect languages (DSALs) bring the well-known advantages of domain specificity to the level of aspect code. However, DSALs incur the significant cost of implementing or extending a language processor or weaver. Furthermore, this weaver typically operates blindly, making detection of interactions with aspects written in other languages impossible. This raises the necessity of an appropriate infrastructure for DSALs. The case study we present here illustrates how the Reflex kernel for multi-language AOP addresses these issues, by considering the implementation of a DSAL for advanced transaction management, KALA. We first detail the implementation of KALA in Reflex, called ReLAx, illustrating the ease of implementation of runtime semantics, syntax, and language translation. We then show a straightforward and modular extension to KALA at all these levels, and demonstrate how Reflex helps in dealing with interactions between KALA and another DSAL for concurrency management. These invaluable assets enable faster development of DSALs as well as their ability to coexist within one application, thereby removing the most important impediments to their re-emergence in the aspect community.