Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demand for Zn2+ in Acid-Secreting Gastric Mucosa and Its Requirement for Intracellular Ca2+

Background and Aims Recent work has suggested that Zn2+ plays a critical role in regulating acidity within the secretory compartments of isolated gastric glands. Here, we investigate the content, distribution and demand for Zn2+ in gastric mucosa under baseline conditions and its regulation during secretory stimulation. Methods and Findings Content and distribution of zinc were evaluated in sections of whole gastric mucosa using X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Significant stores of Zn2+ were identified in neural elements of the muscularis, glandular areas enriched in parietal cells, and apical regions of the surface epithelium. In in vivo studies, extraction of the low abundance isotope, 70Zn2+, from the circulation was demonstrated in samples of mucosal tissue 24 hours or 72 hours after infusion (250 µg/kg). In in vitro studies, uptake of 70Zn2+ from media was demonstrated in isolated rabbit gastric glands following exposure to concentrations as low as 10 nM. In additional studies, demand of individual gastric parietal cells for Zn2+ was monitored using the fluorescent zinc reporter, fluozin-3, by measuring increases in free intracellular concentrations of Zn2+ {[Zn2+]i} during exposure to standard extracellular concentrations of Zn2+ (10 µM) for standard intervals of time. Under resting conditions, demand for extracellular Zn2+ increased with exposure to secretagogues (forskolin, carbachol/histamine) and under conditions associated with increased intracellular Ca2+ {[Ca2+]i}. Uptake of Zn2+ was abolished following removal of extracellular Ca2+ or depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, suggesting that demand for extracellular Zn2+ increases and depends on influx of extracellular Ca2+. Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the content and distribution of Zn2+ in an organ of the gastrointestinal tract. Our findings offer the novel interpretation, that Ca2+ integrates basolateral demand for Zn2+ with stimulation of secretion of HCl into the lumen of the gastric gland. Similar connections may be detectable in other secretory cells and tissues.
Journal of Enterprise Information Management Technological, Organisational and Environmental factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK

Purpose – This study aimed to determine the factors influencing managers’ decision to adopt cloud computing in the UK using the ‘Technology-Organisation-Environment’ (TOE) framework. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected through a self-created questionnaire based survey that was completed by 257 mid-to-senior level decision making business and IT professionals from a range of UK end-user organisations. The derived hypotheses were tested using various data analysis techniques including principal component analysis and logistic regression. Findings – The results show that four out of the eight factors examined have a significant influence on the adoption decision of cloud computing services in the UK. Those key factors include competitive pressure, complexity, technology readiness and trading partner pressure. The latter predictor; trading partner pressure, was the most significant factor for the adoption decision of cloud services reflecting organisations’ concerns on legal regulations, co-creation and customisation, service linkage and vendor locking which adds complexity to the process of selecting an appropriate vendor. Research limitations/implications – This research found trading partners (cloud service providers) significantly influence managers’ decisions to adopt cloud services, however, further research is required to fully understand all the aspects involved especially with the growing number of vendors available. Although over 250 usable responses to the questionnaire were received and analysed, there was not a sufficient quantity of responses from each industry sector or organisation size to conduct further analysis. Practical implications – The findings reveal the important role of cloud computing service providers to enable end-users to better evaluate the use of cloud computing. It also reveals that top management support is no longer a driver as organisations are starting to adopt cloud computing services on the basis of cheaper and more agile IT resources in order to support business growth. Originality/value – This research provides original insight for cloud computing adoption within the UK from a managerial perspective.
The Role of Social and Psychological Resources in the Evolution of Depression in Caregivers*

ABSTRACT This article discusses a longitudinal study of caregivers (n = 195) from a representative sample of caregivers pf Spanish, ADL-disabled persons, aged 65 and over carried out to assess the role of social support and religiosity in the development of depression. Depressive symptomatology was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. One year later, 119 of the caregivers were contacted again. Stability of depression over 1 year was observed in most participants. Poor physical health and low self-esteem, as well as incontinence in the care recipients, were significant predictors of the development of depressive symptoms. Social support had a differential effect on the development of depression, depending on how much assistance with activities of daily living the caregivers had to provide. Religiosity seemed to have no effect. Depression in caregivers is related more to their health and psychosocial resources than to the amount of care they provide. Poor health status, low self-esteem, and lack of emotional support may be useful indicators in identifying caregivers at high risk for depression. RÉSUMÉ Le présent article commente une étude longitudinale de fournisseurs de soins (n = 195) tirée d'un échantillonnage représentatif de fournisseurs de soins auprès de personnes espagnoles invalides âgées de 65 ans et plus et dont le but était d'évaluer le rôle du soutien social et des croyances religieuses dans le développement de la dépression. La symptomatologie dépressive a été évaluée en utilisant l'échelle CES (Center for Epidemiologic Studies) pour mesurer la dépression. Un an plus tard, 119 personnes parmi ces fournisseurs de soins ont été contactées de nouveau. On a constaté, chez la plupart des participants, l'état stable de leur dépression sur une période continue d'une année. Une mauvaise santé physique, un sentiment de dévalorisation ainsi que l'incontinence des bénéficiaires des soins constituaient des signes avantcoureurs du développement de symptômes dépressifs. Le soutien social a produit un effet différent sur le développement de la dépression, selon le niveau d'aide devant être prodigué par les fournisseurs de soins dans l'accomplissement des diverses activités quotidiennes. Les croyances religieuses semblent n'avoir eu aucune incidence. La dépression chez les fournisseurs de soins dépend plus de leur santé et de leurs ressources psychosociales que du niveau de soins qu'ils prodiguent. Un mauvais état de santé, un sentiment de dévalorisation et l'absence de soutien émotif peuvent constituer des indices utiles dans l'identification des fournisseurs de soins qui courent un plus grand risque de dépression.
Maintenance therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: evolution, tolerability and outcomes

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the industrialized world. Despite significant progress in early stage disease, survival rates for advanced disease remain low. Maintenance therapy is a treatment strategy that has been investigated extensively in NSCLC and has been the subject of considerable recent debate. Options for maintenance include continuing the initial combination chemotherapy regimen, continuing only single agent chemotherapy (‘continuation maintenance’) or introducing a new agent (‘switch’ maintenance therapy). Therapies that have been studied in this setting in randomized trials to date include chemotherapy, molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy approaches. Following the development of multiple new agents that show activity in NSCLC, and have a tolerable side-effect profile, there has been increasing interest in utilizing them to maintain response to initial therapy after treatment with platinum-based doublets. Despite considerable controversy, it has become an acceptable treatment paradigm. Here, we briefly outline the evolution of this treatment paradigm and examine which subgroups of patients are most likely to benefit.
Socialization of Preschoolers' Emotion Understanding.

Contributions to individual differences in preschoolers' identification of basic emotional expressions and situations, emotion language, and their self-generated causes for basic emotions (happy, sad, angry, and afraid) were investigated across parts of 2 preschool years (N = 47; initial M age = 41 months). An aggregate of preschool emotion understanding was predicted by the intrapersonal predictors, child age and overall cognitive-language ability. Observed socialization, including explanations about emotions, and positive and negative responsiveness to child emotions predicted the aggregate of emotion understanding, even with age and cognitive-language ability partialed. The contribution of socialization predictors to emotion understanding was moderated by sex only for negative emotional responsiveness, and children with the lowest emotion understanding scores had mothers who showed more anger. Emotions function as vital regulators of children's intra- and interpersonal behavior (Barrett & Campos, 1987; Bretherton, Fritz, Zahn-Waxier, & Ridgeway, 1986; Campos & Barrett, 1984). Young children's understanding of emotion constitutes a key early component of their social cognition, because they so frequently draw on this understanding in the course of social interaction. During their preschool years, children become increasingly adept at identifying emotion expressions and situations; they also become able to verbalize coherently and fluently about the causes of their own and others' emotions (e.g., happiness, sadness, and anger; see Bretherton et al., 1986; Denham, 1986; Denham & Couchoud, 1990; Dunn, Bretherton, & Munn, 1987; Fabes, Eisenberg, McCormick, & Wilson, 1988;
Perceptions of Interaction: The critical predictor in distance education

Abstract This study examined learner perceptions of interaction and satisfaction in a course delivered by interactive television. The participants were 123 K‐6 teachers in a Developmental Approaches in Science and Health program. Three sessions of the ten‐session course were examined. Significant correlations were found between perceptions of personal and overall interaction within the class. Perceptions of personal interaction were a moderate predictor of satisfaction. The critical predictor of satisfaction was the perception of overall interaction. These findings suggest that when learners perceive the level of interaction to be high, they will be more satisfied with instruction than when they perceive the level of interaction to be low. Overall dynamics in interaction may have a stronger impact on learners’ satisfaction than does strictly personal participation. Vicarious interaction within the class as a whole may result in greater learner satisfaction than will the overt engagement of each participan.
A Formulation of the Latent Class Vector Model for Pairwise Data

— In this research, a latent class vector model for pairwise data is formulated. As compared to the basic vector model, this model yields consistent estimates of the parameters since the number of parameters to be estimated does not increase with the number of subjects. The result of the analysis reveals that the model was stable and could classify each subject to the latent classes representing the typical scales used by these subjects.
Toward a critical examination of social capital within leisure contexts: From production and maintenance to distribution

Abstract Perhaps because of the normative foundations upon which our field was built, leisure researchers have focused on social capital at the group level with a particular emphasis on how communities of interest develop and more or less maintain social capital as a collective asset. In so doing, they have tended to concentrate on the positive externalities associated with social capital production. This approach to examining social capital in leisure contexts ignores the egocentric properties of social capital and implies incorrectly that social capital can be appropriated equally by all members of a social network. While social capital does represent resources embedded in social relations, the access and use of such resources ultimately reside with the individual. The uncritical acceptance within our field that social capital is a positive dimension in building community capacity fails to appreciate that members of a social network have differential access to social capital by virtue of their social position within that network. The individual returns of social capital are often (maybe even usually) distributed unevenly. With this recognition, the author calls on leisure researchers to focus on inequalities in access to social capital that result from what Lin (2001) referred to as a capital deficit or return deficit. Correspondingly, leisure researchers are challenged to pay greater attention to what Foley, Edwards, and Diani (2001) termed “use‐value,” that is, how appropriable social capital really is. Only by concentrating on the actual distribution of social capital can leisure researchers begin to de‐essentialize the relational ties developed in leisure contexts and the benefits accrued through them.
Cross-talk between the circadian clock and the cell cycle in cancer

Abstract The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeper system that controls the daily rhythms of a variety of physiological processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that genetic changes or unhealthy lifestyle can lead to a disruption of circadian homeostasis, which is a risk factor for severe dysfunctions and pathologies including cancer. Cell cycle, proliferation, and cell death are closely intertwined with the circadian clock, and thus disruption of circadian rhythms appears to be linked to cancer development and progression. At the molecular level, the cell cycle machinery and the circadian clocks are controlled by similar mechanisms, including feedback loops of genes and protein products that display periodic activation and repression. Here, we review the circadian rhythmicity of genes associated with the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, and we highlight the potential connection between these processes, the circadian clock, and neoplastic transformations. Understanding these interconnections might have potential implications for the prevention and therapy of malignant diseases.
Conocimiento y enseñanza: Fundamentos de la nueva reforma

El autor construye sus fundamentos para la reforma de la ensenanza sobre una idea de la ensenanza que enfatiza la comprension y el razonamiento, la transformacion y la reflexion. Este enfasis esta justificado porque la investigacion y las politicas educativas han solido ignorar esta dimension ? Cuales son las fuentes del conocimiento base para la docencia? , ? en que terminos pueden estas fuentes ser conceptualizadas? , ? cuales son los procesos didacticos de accion y razonamiento? y ? cuales son sus implicaciones para las politicas de formacion del profesorado y de reforma? Las respuestas –informadas por un cumulo creciente de estudios sobre profesores jovenes y con experiencia, asi como por la filosofia y la psicologia– van mas alla de los supuestos e iniciativas de las reformas actuales. El resultado para los educadores practicos, academicos y politicos debe ser una mayor reorientacion sobre como la ensenanza debe ser comprendida y los profesores deban ser formados y evaluados.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Cystatin C in Detecting Early Renal Impairment in Hypertensive Pregnancies

Purpose: To determine the cutoff point of cystatin C for the detection of renal impairment in hypertensive pregnancies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an antenatal clinic and ward at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia from January 2009 until January 2010. Sixty four pregnant patients beginning at 2nd trimester, aged of 16 to 55 years and hypertensive, including gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, preeclampsia and unclassified hypertension, were included in the study. Consenting patients were required to provide 5 ml of blood and 24-h urine. Serum and reagent, N Latex cystatin C, were equilibrated at room temperature and measured by particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) using a BN II Dade Behring Nephelometer System Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.06 ±4.32 (range: 24 to 46 years). A majority (64.1 %) of the patients were in the second trimester of pregnancy and delivered in the gestational period of 38 - 40 weeks (54.7 %). The number of patients in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages I, II, III, IV and V were 25 (39.1 %), 18 (28.1 %), 18 (28.1 %), 2 (3.1 %) and 1 (1.6 %), respectively. The mean systolic blood pressure was 149.59 ± 18.79 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure 91.53 ± 10.33 mm Hg. The cutoff point in detecting renal impairment using cystatin C was > 0.74 with 84.6 % sensitivity and 86.7 % specificity for second trimester and > 0.81 with sensitivity of 76.9 % and specificity of 60.0 % in detecting renal impairment for third trimester. Conclusion: The cutoff point in detecting renal impairment for second trimester is better than for third trimester since it maximizes the value of sensitivity and specificity.
Does Gender Schema Mediate between Sex-Role Identity and Self-Actualization?

This study examined the relationship between the Bern Sex-role Inventory and Self-actualization as measured by the Personality Orientation Inventory. To examine both relationships between sex-role groups and individual scales of the inventory and to assess the relative contributions of masculinity and femininity scores to the Personality Orientation Inventory, 64 men and 116 women undergraduates were tested. There were significant main effects for Bern sex-role groups on the POI scales of Inner-directed, Self-actualizing Value, Feeling Reactivity, Acceptance of Aggression, and Capacity for Intimate Contact. Multiple regression analyses for men and women separately on each personality subscale showed all significant beta weights for femininity were negative and all significant correlations for masculinity were positive. There were more significant beta weights for the women than for the men. The college students' scores indicate high femininity is detrimental to self-actualization and high masculinity is conducive to self-actualization, as measured by POI scales.
‘Bring on the dancers’: reconceptualising the transition from school to work

Our understanding of the transition from school to work has traditionally been underpinned by a three-stage model. This is one in which the first stage is a preparatory one, where the focus is on school, followed by a second transition stage and ending in a third stage, the successful entry to work. This is a model that has been challenged by work from the ‘cultural studies’ school but still informs much contemporary work. The study of freelance dancers’ entry into work reveals a very different experience of the transition. Rather than a sequence of experiences of school, preparation for work and then entry into established employment, the dancer’s experience is one of coterminus experiences of work, vocational training and family life that can start before the entry into primary education. This represents a serious challenge to the three-stage model as a general model for conceptualising transitions. Using the experience of the dancers and building on the work of Becker and Wyn, this paper explores how the concept of belonging points the way forward towards a more comprehensive conceptualisation of the transition.
On the depth reversibility of point-light actions

We investigate the occurrence of perspective reversals for a depth-ambiguous point-light figure. In addition, we exploit the phenomenon of reversibility to search for stimulus features relevant in the process of depth assignment. Experiment 1 shows that perceptual switches indeed occur during prolonged viewing, although the switches occur infrequently. The reversibility is confirmed in Experiment 2, in which the perceptual ambiguity of the point-light action is manipulated as well as observers’ intention to perceive a particular alternative. In addition, the pattern of eye movements reveals local stimulus features specifically associated with the perception of the different alternatives. In Experiment 3, the importance of these features as determining factors of the initial interpretation is investigated by manipulating the location of the first fixation on the stimulus. Implications for a better understanding of biological motion perception are discussed.
With Strings Attached: Nonprofits and the Adoption of Donor Choice

Donors' ability to attach strings to their contributions has become increasingly prevalent in the nonprofit sector. Using the case of workplace charity, this article examines the determinants of nonprofit organizations' adoption of donor choice as a mode of fund-raising. Drawing from a nationwide survey, it tests three competing tenets to explain United Ways' implementation of donor choice. Employing logistic regression analysis, the findings indicate that United Ways allow for donor control when facing donors' demands for choice, regardless of the composition of the local market or fundraisers' organizational characteristics.
Latino Values in the Context of Palliative Care

Background: Clinicians meet a variety of ethnicities among patients and families in hospice programs. This article focuses on Latino families. Methods: Within a controlled trial of family therapy in the context of palliative care, 17 families identified as Hispanic. Five were examined qualitatively herein. Results: A synopsis of each family’s narrative is presented here. Patterns of strong family loyalty (Familismo), the gender roles of Machismo and Marianismo, the importance of family tradition, expectations about caregiving, and the place of faith and religion emerged as prominent and able potentially to impact on the therapy. Conclusions: Family therapists need to be thoughtful about cultural issues as they strive to support families.
An Equilibrium Model of Sorting in an Urban Housing Market: The Causes and Consequences of Residential Segregation

This paper introduces an equilibrium framework for analyzing residential sorting, designed to take advantage of newly available restricted-access Census microdata. The framework adds an equilibrium concept to the discrete choice framework developed by McFadden (1973, 1978), permitting a more flexible characterization of preferences than has been possible in previously estimated sorting models. Using data on nearly a quarter of a million households residing in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1990, our estimates provide a precise characterization of preferences for many housing and neighborhood attributes, showing how demand for these attributes varies with a household's income, race, education, and family structure. We use the equilibrium model in combination with these estimates to explore the effects of an increase in income inequality, the findings indicating that much of the increased spending power of the rich is absorbed by higher housing prices.