Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern Recognition Principle Theoretical Model of Mind-Brain Functioning

Pattern Recognition Principle Theoretical Model of Mind-Brain Functioning Gilberto de Paiva Abstract: The Computational Theory of Mind and the Connectionist Neural Model are actually the dominant cognitive models in the scientific community. But there is still a discussion about their compatibility as the basis of Cognitive Science. A more fundamental explanation of this two leading cognitive mechanisms in physical basis can give a better explanation of the mind and brain phenomena. I propose the concepts of PATTERN RECOGNITION-PROCESSING-LEARNING as NECESSARY AND SUF- FICIENT PRINCIPLE to build a solid foundation of cognitive science. This encloses a general body-mind, physical, psychological, neural, functional and computational reductionist explanation of the mind cognitive phenomena. Supporting arguments are: 1- Pattern recognition is a necessary principle for cognitive science. It is a key process in many different scientific areas, but no cognitive science model takes it formally for a general brain-mind theory. 2- The equivalence of the physical-neural-computational mechanisms of pattern recognition as the basis of the cognitive phenomena in performing all cognitive functions (sensory, memory, learning, processing, logical, feeling, emotions, thought, consciousness, etc) , which are here demonstrated. 3- I also propose some key biological cognitive processes and strategies strictly related to pattern recognition processing. 4- A definitional-explicative modeling building theory is also shown giving simple, understandable and unambiguous definitions and scientific explanation of most key cognitive concepts like thinking, self and consciousness. Such a theory is of fundamental importance because those type of cognitive concepts lacks even a reasonable definition. With a scientific-objective definitions we can evaluate, compare and estimate its consistency and also propose experimental and empirical experiments. As an example I suggest one preliminary definition of self-consciousness as: ”the recognition by the pattern recognition system of the patterns of its own activity”. 5- A mathematical-logical formalism study of cognitive pattern recognition is here proposed as theoretical basis. Here a general formal definition of pattern recognition is proposed in the cognitive science scope. 6- With this theoretical formulation we are able to include other cognitive properties to any basic definition as far as needed, demonstrating it as a solid and promising theory. As any candidate as a complete theory of cognitive science, this model allow us to reinterpret all branches of human reasoning, including the philosophy and foundations of science and the human understanding of the universe. With the promising applied pattern recognition technology already in development, this model could help to give some directions to artificial intelligence and also neurobiology and psychology-sociology research.
Efficient management for large-scale flash-memory storage systems with resource conservation

Many existing approaches on flash-memory management are based on RAM-resident tables in which one single granularity size is used for both address translation and space management. As high-capacity flash memory is becoming more affordable than ever, the dilemma of how to manage the RAM space or how to improve the access performance is emerging for many vendors. In this article, we propose a tree-based management scheme which adopts multiple granularities in flash-memory management. Our objective is to not only reduce the run-time RAM footprint but also manage the write workload, due to housekeeping. The proposed method was evaluated under realistic workloads, where significant advantages over existing approaches were observed, in terms of the RAM space, access performance, and flash-memory lifetime.
Integral-Slot Versus Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Machines: Comparative Design, FEA, and Experimental Tests

In slotted axial-flux permanent-magnet (PM) (AFPM) machines, two possible concentrated-winding arrangements can be used: integral slot and fractional slot. Integral-slot concentrated windings (ISCWs) have a number of slots/pole/phase equal to one and have long been a preferred choice with machine designers due to their simple layout. On the other hand, fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCWs) have a number of slots/pole/phase less than one and have been the focus of a significant amount of international research in the past decade. This paper presents an original comparison between two 10-kW AFPM machine prototypes with concentrated windings: a 20-pole 60-slot ISCW machine and a 20-pole 24-slot FSCW machine. The design of both machines is described, highlighting the constraints that have been set to allow a fair comparison between them. Static and time-stepped finite-element-analysis results are presented. Comparative no-load and load experimental tests are performed on full-scale prototypes, and the results are reported: Important tradeoffs in key aspects such as peak cogging torque, constant power speed range, and additional losses are demonstrated. Finally, conclusions are made regarding the performances and required tradeoffs for both machines.
The effect of time on the performance of gait biometrics

Many studies have shown that it is possible to recognize people by the way they walk. However, there are a number of covariate factors that affect recognition performance. The time between capturing the gallery and the probe has been reported to affect recognition the most. To date, no study has shown the isolated effect of time, irrespective of other covariates. Here we present the first principled study that examines the effect of elapsed time on gait recognition. Using empirical evidence we have shown for the first time that elapsed time does not affect recognition significantly in the short to medium term. By controlling clothing, a Correct Classification Rate (CCR) of 95% has been achieved over 9 months, on a dataset of nearly 2000 gait sequences/samples. We have created a new multimodal temporal database to enable the research community to investigate various gait and face covariates in a formal manner. Our results show that gait can be used as a reliable biométrie over time and at a distance. We have demonstrated that clothing drastically affects performance regardless of elapsed time. A move towards developing appearance invariant recognition algorithms is essential.
Magnetic and thermal phase shifts in the local helioseismology of sunspots

Phase perturbations due to inclined surface magnetic field of active region strength are calculated numerically in quiet Sun and simple sunspot models in order to estimate and compare the direct and indirect (thermal) effects of the fields on helioseismic waves. It is found that the largest direct effects occur in highly inclined field characteristic of penumbrae, and scale roughly linearly with magnetic field strength. The combined effects of sunspot magnetic and thermal anomalies typically yield negative travel-time perturbations in penumbrae. Travel-time shifts in umbrae depend on details of how the thermal and density structure differs from the quiet Sun. The combined shifts are generally not well approximated by the sum of the thermal and magnetic effects applied separately, except at low field strengths of around 1 kG or less, or if the thermal shift is small. A useful rule-of-thumb appears to be that travel-time perturbations in umbrae are predominantly thermal, whereas in penumbrae they are mostly magnetic.
Power-saving mode parameter optimization

We have studied the impact of the length of the BP on the energy and delay performance of PSM stations for our generic wireless system. We have shown that there exists an optimal length of the BP that achieves minimum total energy consumption, and that it depends on the number of STAs and the offered load through a very simple relationship. We have also derived the relationship between the length of the BP and the average packet delay and have validated it by simulation. We have proposed an adaptive scheme based on the formulae we have derived from the analysis, and our results confirm that an adaptive PSM can further improve the performance of the system.
Understanding Local Sea Level Rise Risk Perceptions and the Power of Maps to Change Them: The Effects of Distance and Doubt

Audiences that view sea level rise as a distant hazard or hold doubtful or dismissive beliefs about climate change in general may not be receptive to information about this hazard. This study explores how maps may address these challenges to sea level rise communication by making visible the impacts of sea level rise on local communities. Using an interactive map of sea level rise in Sarasota, Florida and an accompanying online survey, it considers how college students from nearby and far away from Sarasota, and with different views about climate change, vary in their risk perceptions. Results show that, consistent with spatial optimism bias, risk perceptions increased more from pre- to post map for respondents far away from Sarasota than for those nearby, while respondents who were initially doubtful or cautious about climate change showed larger increases in risk perceptions than those who were disengaged or alarmed.
A Quantitative Description of Nodal Membrane Currents in Myelinated Nerve Fibres of the Lizard Anous Carolinensis

Experiments were performed on individual nodes of Ranvier from a lizard at 15–16°C, using the method of Nonner (1969). In addition to a leakage current (mean conductance of 19.7 nS), the membrane ionic currents consisted of a Na+ current, completely inhibited by lμmoll−1 external tetrodotoxin, and a K+ current, sensitive to external tetraethylammonium ions and to internal caesium ions. The inactivation time course of the Na+current at 0 mV was well fitted by the sum of two exponential phases, one fast and one slow, with mean time constants of 0.68 and 2.92 ms, respectively. In contrast to observations on amphibian and mammalian preparations, the peak Na+ current showed an almost linear potential dependence at large positive membrane potentials. A mean maximum Na+ conductance of 146.8 nS was calculated. Both the time and potential dependence of the K+ current indicated that it was similar to that found in amphibian nodes of Ranvier. The mean maximum K+ conductance was 51.9 nS. Furthermore, as described in amphibians, three different components of the K+ current (s, f1 and f2) could be separated. We conclude that, under similar experimental conditions, nodal ionic currents are qualitatively and quantitatively similar in lizard and amphibian myelinated nerve fibres, suggesting that the nodal membrane of these two preparations contains similar types of ionic channels. These results strengthen the view that the near absence of nodal K+ channels is a peculiarity of mammalian nerves.
Modeling Extended Twin Family Data II: Power Associated With Different Family Structures

Abstract Modeling the data from extended twin pedigrees allows the estimation of increasing complex covariance relationships in which the effects of cultural transmission, nonrandom mating and genotype x environment covariation can be incorporated. However, the power to detect these effects in existing data sets has not yet been examined. The present study examined the effects that different family structures (i.e., the ratio of MZ to DZ families and the importance of cousins vs. avuncular relatives) have on statistical power. In addition, we examined the power to detect genetic and environmental effects within the context of two large data sets (VA30K and the OZVA60K). We found that power to detect additive genetic and cultural transmission effects were maximized by over sampling MZ families. In terms of ascertainment, there was little difference in power between samples that had focused on recruiting a third generation (the children of twins) versus those that had focused on recruiting the siblings of the twins. In addition, we examined the power to detect additive and dominant genetic effects, cultural transmission and assortative mating in the existing VA30K and OZVA60K samples, under two different models of mating: phenotypic assortment and social homogamy. There was nearly 100% power to detect assortative mating and cultural transmission, against a background of small additive and dominant genetic and familial environmental effects. In addition, the power to detect additive or dominant genetic effects quickly asymptoted, so that there was almost 100% power to detect effects explaining 20% or more of the total variance. These results demonstrate that the Cascade model has sufficient power to detect parameters of interest in existing datasets. Mx scripts are available from www.vipbg. vcu.edu/~sarahme/cascade.
CPU Utilization Control System In Distributed Computing

— Distributed computing system has been used as a tool to solve many large-scale parallel computational problems. However, due to the heterogeneity of the resources as well as applications, most of the dependent parallel tasks are not able to complete at the same time. If the waiting time for task processing increases, overall performance can be degraded significantly cause by the synchronization between parallel tasks. This research proposes a central processing unit (CPU) Utilization Control system, which is able to throttle the CPU usage by periodically, forces the associated processes to be idle for a short time. The released CPU power then can be allocated for other local jobs without scarifying the performance of dependent tasks.
You are what your friends eat: systematic review of social network analyses of young people's eating behaviours and bodyweight

Background This review synthesises evidence regarding associations between young people's social networks and their eating behaviours/bodyweight, and also explores how these vary according to the setting and sample characteristics. Methods A systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies examining the association between measures of young people's social networks based on sociometric data and eating behaviours (including calorific intake) and/or bodyweight. Results There is consistent evidence that school friends are significantly similar in terms of their body mass index, and friends with the highest body mass index appear to be most similar. Overweight youth are also less likely to be popular and more likely to be socially isolated at school. Frequency of fast food consumption has also been found to cluster within groups of boys, as have body image concerns, dieting and eating disorders among girls. Conclusion School friendships may be critical in shaping young people's eating behaviours and bodyweight and/or vice versa, and suggests the potential of social-network-based health promotion interventions in schools. Further longitudinal research is needed to examine the processes via which this clustering occurs, how it varies according to school context, and the effects of non-school networks.
Transcription of polyphonic piano music with neural networks

This paper presents our experiences in building a system for transcription of polyphonic piano music. By transcription we mean the conversion of an audio recording of a polyphonic piano performance to a series of notes and their starting times. Our final goal is to build a transcription system that would transcribe polyphonic piano music over the entire piano range and with large polyphony. The system consists of three main stages. We first use a cochlear model based on the gammatone filterbank to transform an audio signal of a piano performance into time-frequency space. In the second stage we use a network of coupled adaptive oscillators to extract partial tracks from the output of the cochlear model and in the third stage we employ artificial neural networks acting as pattern recognisers to extract notes from the output of the oscillator network. The system uses several networks each trained to recognize the occurrence of a specific note in the input signal.
Identification of transcription factor cooperativity via stochastic system model

MOTIVATION Transcription factor binding sites are known to co-occur in the same gene owing to cooperativity of the transcription factors (TFs) that bind to them. Genome-wide location data can help us understand how an individual TF regulates its target gene. Nevertheless, how TFs cooperate to regulate their target genes still needs further study. In this study, genome-wide location data and expression profiles are integrated to reveal how TFs cooperate to regulate their target genes from the stochastic system perspective. RESULTS Based on a stochastic dynamic model, a new measurement of TF cooperativity is developed according to the regulatory abilities of cooperative TF pairs and the number of their occurrences. Our method is employed to the yeast cell cycle and reveals successfully many cooperative TF pairs confirmed by previous experiments, e.g. Swi4-Swi6 in G1/S phase and Ndd1-Fkh2 in G2/M phase. Other TF pairs with potential cooperativity mentioned in our results can provide new directions for future experiments. Finally, a cooperative TF network of cell cycle is constructed from significant cooperative TF pairs. CONTACT bschen@ee.nthu.edu.tw SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION http://www.ee.nthu.edu.tw/~bschen/cooperativity/
Automatic Hepatic vein segmentation in CTA abdomen images using CORF operator

The segmentation of Hepatic veins are critical for the robust identification of Liver lobes and surgical planning to avoid blood loss during surgery. A novel contour detection method to detect Hepatic vein contour is proposed. The algorithm uses portal venous phase images of 3 phase CT images to find the spatial FCM of hepatic veins. Then on the clustered image CORF operator is applied which detects the contour of the Hepatic veins.
Constraint-based Recommendation

Recommender systems provide valuable support for users who are searching for products and services in e-commerce environments. Research in the field long focused on algorithms supporting the recommendation of quality&taste products such as news, books, or movies. Nowadays, the scope of those systems is extended to complex product domains such as financial services or electronic consumer goods. Constraint-based recommenders are particularly well suited as they support effective product and service selection processes in such domains. In this chapter, we characterize constraint-based recommendation problems and provide an overview of major technologies that support the development of knowledge bases for constraint-based recommenders which is of high importance for a successful application in commercial settings. Thereafter we give an overview of intelligent interaction mechanisms which are supported by constraint-based recommender applications and discuss scenarios where constraint-based recommenders have been successfully applied in commercial environments. Finally, this chapter is concluded with an outline of open research issues. Alexander Felfernig Graz University of Technology e-mail: alexander.felfernig@ist.tugraz. at Gerhard Friedrich University Klagenfurt e-mail: gerhard.friedrich@uni-klu.ac. at Dietmar Jannach TU Dortmund e-mail: dietmar.jannach@tu-dortmund.de Markus Zanker University Klagenfurt e-mail: markus.zanker@uni-klu.ac. at
Thalamic theta phase alignment predicts human memory formation and anterior thalamic cross-frequency coupling

Previously we reported electrophysiological evidence for a role for the anterior thalamic nucleus (ATN) in human memory formation (Sweeney-Reed et al., 2014). Theta-gamma cross-frequency coupling (CFC) predicted successful memory formation, with the involvement of gamma oscillations suggesting memory-relevant local processing in the ATN. The importance of the theta frequency range in memory processing is well-established, and phase alignment of oscillations is considered to be necessary for synaptic plasticity. We hypothesized that theta phase alignment in the ATN would be necessary for memory encoding. Further analysis of the electrophysiological data reveal that phase alignment in the theta rhythm was greater during successful compared with unsuccessful encoding, and that this alignment was correlated with the CFC. These findings support an active processing role for the ATN during memory formation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07578. 001
Galaxy groups in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: a compactness analysis of groups

A comprehensive study on compactness has been carried out on the 2dF Galaxy Group Catalogue constructed by Merchan and Zandivarez. The compactness indices defined in this work take into account different geometrical constraints in order to explore a wide range of possibilities. Our results show that there is no clear distinction between groups with high and low levels of compactness when considering particular properties such as the radial velocity dispersion, the relative fraction of galaxies per spectral type, and the luminosity functions of their galaxy members. Studying the trend of the fraction of galaxies per spectral type as a function of the dimensionless crossing time, some signs of dynamical evolution are observed. From the comparison with previous works on compactness, we realize that special care should be taken for some compactness criteria definitions in order to avoid possible biases in the identification.
Marketing e gerência de biblioteca

Comenta a aplicacao das tecnicas de marketing em bibliotecas,segundo a analise da definicao de marketing de KOTLER & BLOOM. Considera o marketing um instrumento gerencial da biblioteca vista como um negocio. Enfatiza a importância do usuario como cliente consumidor de informacao e a adequacao da oferta dos produtos e servicos bibliotecarios aos interesses e necessidades dos usuarios. Recomenda a apalicacao das tecnicas de marketing nas bibliotecas brasileiras e enumera questoes para os bibliotecarios brasileiros refletirem a respeito.
What can be learnt from a snail?

The marine snail Littorina saxatilis is a common inhabitant of intertidal shores of the north Atlantic. It is amazingly polymorphic and forms reproductively isolated ecotypes in microhabitats where crabs are either present and wave action is less furious, or where waves are strong and crabs are absent. Decades of research have unveiled much of the ecological and demographic context of the formation of crab‐ and wave‐ecotype snails showing important phenotypic differences being inherited, differential selection being strong over adjacent microhabitats, local dispersal being restricted, and long‐distance transports of individuals being rare. In addition, strong assortative mating of ecotypes has been shown to include a component of male mate preference based on female size. Several studies support ecotypes being diverged locally and under gene flow in a parallel and highly replicated fashion. The high level of replication at various levels of independence (from local to pan‐European scale) provides excellent opportunities to investigate the detailed mechanisms of microevolution, including the formation of barriers to gene flow. Current investigations benefit from a draft reference genome and an integration of genomic approaches, modelling and experiments to unveil molecular and ecological components of speciation and their interactions.