Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a high-speed radio-frequency sampling and demultiplexing circuit based on the cascade connection of pin photodiodes

Herein, we apply theoretical models to characterize the transfer function and frequency response of a complex optoelectronic circuit that comprises a primary ultrafast sampling circuit followed by a cascade connection of N demultiplexing stages. The successive radio-frequency optoelectronic samplers were based on the cascade connection of positive-intrinsic-negative-photodiodes (PIN-PDs). We developed a procedure to calculate the principal design parameters that allows us to use optical power for each sampling and demultiplexing stage, such that the circuit can be designed based on the application requirements. The results obtained from the theoretical models were compared with the measurements obtained from the 2.5 GS/s sampling circuit connected in cascade with a 1.25 GS/s and a 625 MS/s demultiplexing circuit implemented using commercial PIN-PDs
Informationelle Weltstädte-Indikatoren zur Stellung von Städten im Space of Flow

To this day, John Friedmann's seven theses from 1986 are the basis for world city research. Friedmann emphasizes economy and finance. Further research like Saskia Sassen's incorporates these aspects, too, but also examines the growing number of links between cities and the dissociation from spatial dimensions, especially in the context of globalization. Information and communication technologies have a huge influence on this development and facilitate the formation of a new kind of city: the informational city. Based on past research and following the model of the "space of flows" by Manuel Castells, power flows, capital flows and informational flows are measured in the exemplary chosen cities of Dusseldorf, London and Singapore. We hope that we have found a practicable operationalization of the definitions of world cities and informational cities.
Use of the program and goal-oriented approach to observe the vertical displacements of the earth’s surface in Russia

The paper considers the problematic issues of the special aspects of solution of the problems of modern geodynamics and technogenic geomechanics in oil and gas fields based on the results of re-levelling. The disadvantages and fundamental errors traditionally made by mining and land surveyors in organizing and performing re-levelling on the territories of oil and gas fields are given. The results of high precision levelling, obtained on the territory of an oil and gas field using the program and goal-oriented approach for its formulation, are presented. The representativeness and sufficient accuracy of obtaining the results of re-levelling allowed us to establish significant speeds of geodynamic and technogenic displacements of the earth’s surface (0.4 - 3.6 mm/year) in the shortest time possible with high economic efficiency.
Interaction between activities of daily living and cognitive function on risk of depression

Objective There is a lack of literature about the joint effects of activities of daily living (ADL) limitation and cognitive impairment on depression. This study aimed to estimate the association of ADL limitation and cognitive impairment with depression among Chinese older adults aged 65 and above and to test their interaction on both additive and multiplicative scales. Methods Data was drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), including 11,025 eligible participants. Logistic regression models were fitted, and both multiplicative and additive interactions for ADL limitation and cognitive impairment were tested. Results A total of 3,019(27.4%) participants reported depressive symptoms. After controlling for potential confounding factors, ADL limitation and cognitive impairment were both positively associated with depression. The adjusted additive interaction of basic and instrumental activities of daily living limitation were 2.47 (95%CI:1.92–3.19) and 3.67 (95%CI:2.88–4.66), respectively, but the multiplicative interaction items were both insignificant. Conclusion ADL limitation and cognitive impairment were both risk factors for depression among Chinese older adults. Moreover, the significant interaction of ADL limitation and cognitive impairment was found in the additive model, suggesting that improving ADL may be helpful in reducing the risk of depression among older people with cognitive impairment.
The effect of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies on clinical outcome of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy: a systematic review

Objective This systematic review aims to investigate a potential correlation between the administration of antiplatelets (APs) or anticoagulants (ACs) and perioperative complications, with a particular focus on hemorrhagic events, in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC). Additionally, the secondary objective is to assess the neurological outcomes in patients undergoing DC while taking APs/ACs, comparing them to patients not on APs/ACs. Methods The study utilized PubMed and Science Direct as primary online medical databases for the systematic review. Articles underwent screening based on title, abstract, and full-text review. Four studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for comprehensive analysis. Results Our findings suggest that the administration of APs/ACs in patients undergoing DC does not significantly impact functional outcomes. Notably, the occurrence of rebleeding within 6 months and other complications, including infections, appears to be less frequent in patients taking APs compared to those not taking APs/ACs. Conclusion Literature-derived data on the association between APs/ACs and DC presented considerable heterogeneity and insufficient volume for robust statistical analysis. Consequently, a definitive conclusion regarding the influence of suspending or continuing these therapies on complications and clinical outcomes cannot be confidently reached at present. To address this, a large-scale prospective study is warranted to gather substantial and precise data, facilitating a nuanced understanding of how to balance the risks and benefits associated with antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents in the context of decompressive craniectomy.
The Evolution of a Flipped Dynamics Course

The teaching of Dynamics at the United States Air Force Academy, USAFA has changed dramatically due to COVID-19. Initially, when all courses went remote at USAFA, Dynamics was taught using a “flipped-remote” format. In a traditional flipped course, the lecture content is typically delivered asynchronously via videos and the in-class activities are redesigned to be more active. Although many papers have been written on flipping Dynamics, missing from the literature is information on the challenges associated with a flipped course being taught by new instructors who did not participate in the development of the course, who have no experience teaching a flipped course, and who may or may not be convinced as to the benefits of flipping the course, but are willing to try it. In this paper, we will discuss the lessons learned as Dynamics evolved from being remote-flipped to being face-to-face flipped, and finally to being face-to-face flipped taught by instructors who did not participate in designing the flipped class. Each of the courses will be briefly described, and assessment results will be presented on students’ perceptions as to which activities they believed to be most beneficial to their learning in the course. Insights from the instructors who taught the course using the flipped materials developed by somebody else will also be presented. The purpose of soliciting feedback from these instructors was to learn how to best design a flipped course so that future instructors can effectively use the materials for a flipped course with little additional work on their part.
Modeling and Design of Dual-Purpose MIV in Monolithic 3D IC

Transistor-level monolithic three-dimensional integrated circuit (M3D-IC) technology potential is compromised with the silicon footprint overhead caused by metal inter-layer via (MIV). To address this issue, we present a dual-purpose MIV-device utilization where MIV serves two purposes: 1. interconnect and 2. device terminal. A detailed study of the proposed MIV-devices specifically MIV-capacitor and MIV-transistor is performed and a strategy to extract level-3 Spice models is presented in this paper. Simulation results suggest that the basic logic gates designed with the opportunistic utilization of MIV-devices reduce the substrate utilization by up to 22% compared with the conventional transistor-level implementation in M3D-IC technology.
WIP: Research Identity among First-Year Engineering Latina Students at a Research- Intensive Hispanic Serving Institution

This work in progress paper focuses on understanding what students in first-year engineering courses understand about who becomes a researcher and if they see themselves as a researcher, or someone who might become a researcher. Specifically, we compare Latinas to other students in this study to explore the origins of differences in later participation. This work has importance and necessity since it has been noted that the national graduation rate for Latinas with a Ph.D. in engineering is very low; only 91 (< 1%) of awardees in 2018-2019 identified as Latina. Our research investigates the interest of first year engineering students in research, which might illuminate strategies for addressing the underrepresentation of Latinas in national Ph.D. engineering programs. The purpose of this quantitative study is to characterize early perspectives about research, graduate school, and becoming a researcher. A statistical analysis of the results from a cross-sectional survey was completed. A principal component analysis extracted the following constructs: (1) research self-efficacy, (2) engineering research identity, and (3) perceived cultural compatibility. Self-reported demographics (gender, race/ethnicity, college generation, first year on campus) were collected during the survey and used to group respondents during the analysis. The study population includes all students enrolled in a first-year engineering course for the Fall 2022 (n=215) at the University of New Mexico, a public R1, Hispanic-serving institution. The students were from the following engineering disciplines: Chemical & Biological, Civil, Computer Science, Electrical & Computer, Mechanical, and Nuclear. A regression analysis is used to compare Latinas' perceptions and intentions to students who are well-represented (Asian or White men) in engineering. We hypothesize that the constructs examined in this study explain variance in research persistence. This research has significance if we are to attain more diverse faculty for the emerging student population which requires an increase in the number of Latinas graduating with a doctoral degree and continuing into academia.
Influence of relative humidity and temperature on the production of pinonaldehyde and OH radicals from the ozonolysis of α-pinene

R. Tillmann, M. Hallquist, Å. M. Jonsson, A. Kiendler-Scharr, H. Saathoff, Y. Iinuma, and Th. F. Mentel Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Department of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Leibnitz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany present address: IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd, Aschebergsgatan 44, 41133 Gothenburg, Sweden
Modelling the formation and composition of secondary organic aerosol from α-and β-pinene ozonolysis using MCM v

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract The formation and detailed composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the gas phase ozonolysis of α-and β-pinene has been simulated using the Master Chemical Mechanism version 3 (MCM v3), coupled with a representation of gas-to-aerosol transfer of semivolatile and involatile oxygenated products. A kinetics representation, 5 based on equilibrium absorptive partitioning of ca. 200 semivolatile products, was found to provide an acceptable description of the final mass concentrations observed in a number of reported laboratory and chamber experiments, provided partitioning coefficients were increased by about two orders of magnitude over those defined on the basis of estimated vapour pressures. This adjustment is believed to be due, at least 10 partially, to the effect of condensed phase association reactions of the partitioning products. Even with this adjustment, the simulated initial formation of SOA was delayed relative to that observed, implying the requirement for the formation of species of much lower volatility to initiate SOA formation. The inclusion of a simplified representation of the formation and gas-to-aerosol transfer of involatile dimers of 22 bi-and multifunc-15 tional carboxylic acids (in addition to the absorptive partitioning mechanism) allowed a much improved description of SOA formation for a wide range of conditions. The simulated SOA composition recreates certain features of the product distributions observed in a number of experimental studies, but implies an important role for multifunctional products containing hydroperoxy groups (i.e. hydroperoxides). This is particularly the 20 case for experiments in which 2-butanol is used to scavenge OH radicals, because [HO 2 ]/[RO 2 ] ratios are elevated in such systems. The optimized mechanism is used to calculate SOA yields from α-and β-pinene ozonolysis in the presence and absence of OH scavengers, and as a function of temperature. Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close
Nogaps-alpha O 3 Simulations during Solve2 Nogaps-alpha Model Simulations of Stratospheric Ozone during the Solve2 Campaign Nogaps-alpha O 3 Simulations during Solve2

This paper presents three-dimensional prognostic ozone simulations with parame-terized photochemistry from the new NOGAPS-ALPHA middle atmosphere forecast model. We compare 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA hindcasts of stratospheric ozone with a combination of satellite and DC-8 aircraft measurements for two specific cases dur-5 ing the SOLVE II campaign: (1) the cold, isolated vortex during 11–16 January 2003; and (2) the rapidly developing stratospheric warming of 17–22 January 2003. In the first case we test three different photochemistry parameterizations. NOGAPS-ALPHA ozone simulations using the NRL-CHEM2D parameterization give the best overall agreement with SAGE III and POAM III profile measurements. 5-day NOGAPS-ALPHA 10 hindcasts of polar ozone initialized with the NASA GEOS4 ozone analyses produce better agreement with observations than do the operational ECMWF ozone forecasts. In the second case, comparisons between NOGAPS-ALPHA and ECMWF 114-h forecasts of the split vortex structure in stratospheric ozone on 21 January 2003 show comparable skill. Updated ECMWF ozone forecasts of this case at hour 42 display marked 15 improvement from the 114-h forecast; corresponding updated 42-h NOGAPS-ALPHA prognostic ozone simulations do not improve significantly. In general, these results demonstrate that the spectral advection component in NOGAPS-ALPHA is well-suited for middle atmosphere tracer transport. In particular, we find that stratospheric ozone forecasts at high latitudes in winter can depend on both model initial conditions and the 20 treatment of photochemistry even over a period of 5 days.
Seasonality and Extent of Tst Seasonality and Extent of Extratropical Tst Derived from In-situ Co Measurements during Spurt Acpd Seasonality and Extent of Tst

We present airborne in-situ trace gas measurements which were performed on eight campaigns between November 2001 and July 2003 during the SPURT-project (SPURenstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion, trace gas transport in the tropopause region). The measurements on a quasi regular basis allowed an overview 5 on the seasonal variations of the trace gas distribution in the tropopause region over Europe from 35 • –75 • N to investigate the influence of transport and mixing across the extratropical tropopause on the lowermost stratosphere. From the correlation of CO and O 3 irreversible mixing of tropospheric air into the low-ermost stratosphere is identified. The CO distribution indicates that transport and sub-10 sequent mixing of tropospheric air across the extratropical tropopause predominantely affects a layer, which closely follows the shape of the local tropopause. In addition the seasonal cycle of CO 2 illustrates the strong coupling of that layer to the extratropical troposphere. Both, horizontal gradients of CO on isentropes as well as the COO 3-distribution in the lowermost stratosphere reveal that the influence of quasi-horizontal 15 transport and subsequent mixing weakens with distance from the local tropopause. However, at large distances from the tropopause a significant influence of tropo-spheric air is still evident. The relation between N 2 O and CO 2 indicates that a significant contribution of air originating from the tropical tropopause contributes to the background air in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere.
Electrohydrodynamic gas flow in a positive corona discharge

When a sufficient high voltage is applied between a point and a plate in atmospheric air, a corona discharge is ignited and an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force can be produced, resulting in an ionic wind of a few meters per second flowing from the point toward the plate. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the ionic wind EHD flow produced by DC positive point-to-plate corona discharges. This is realized with the help of a high-speed particle image velocimetry system and Schlieren visualizations. The obtained measurements allowed us to characterize precisely the ionic wind vs time, as well as its dynamics when the discharge is switched on. We highlighted the key role of the breakdown streamers in the ionic wind hydrodynamics. We discovered that, in the presence of breakdown streamers, the positive corona discharge produces a pulsed ionic wind whose frequency corresponds to the frequency of the current pulses. To explain this EHD result, we investigated and showed that each single current pulse is composed of several streamers or several branches of one streamer, this phenomenon being at the origin of a space charge mainly composed of positive ions. Finally, we highlighted that when the steady breakdown streamer regime takes place, the time-averaged current becomes greater than the theoretical values given by Townsend's law since it evolves nearly linearly with the high voltage.When a sufficient high voltage is applied between a point and a plate in atmospheric air, a corona discharge is ignited and an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force can be produced, resulting in an ionic wind of a few meters per second flowing from the point toward the plate. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the ionic wind EHD flow produced by DC positive point-to-plate corona discharges. This is realized with the help of a high-speed particle image velocimetry system and Schlieren visualizations. The obtained measurements allowed us to characterize precisely the ionic wind vs time, as well as its dynamics when the discharge is switched on. We highlighted the key role of the breakdown streamers in the ionic wind hydrodynamics. We discovered that, in the presence of breakdown streamers, the positive corona discharge produces a pulsed ionic wind whose frequency corresponds to the frequency of the current pulses. To explain this EHD result, we investigated and showed that each single current pulse is comp.
Board 294: First-Year Engineering Students’ Desired Practices in Mechanical Engineering

Student perceptions of the nature of the work that engineers do can influence their decisions to pursue engineering as well as what discipline within engineering they choose. In this study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with three first-year mechanical engineering students to explore their perspectives about the engineering practices (e.g., problem-solving, teamwork, being creative) they identified as motivating their interest in the field of mechanical engineering. The findings revealed that the students felt motivated to pursue mechanical engineering to engage in practices including building tangible artifacts, design work, impacting society, fundamental technical knowledge, creativity, real-life application, problem-solving, and teamwork. The findings demonstrate diverse practices that drew different students to pursue engineering as a major and a career. This work can contribute to our understanding of how engineering courses can recognize and provide development opportunities for a wide variety of engineering practices, ultimately supporting students in achieving their goals as engineers.
The prognostic value of lymph node ratio for thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis

Background The prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) has been proved in several cancers. However, the potential of LNR to be a prognostic factor for thyroid cancer has not been validated so far. This article evaluated the prognostic value of LNR for thyroid cancer through a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was conducted for eligible publications that study the prognostic values of LNR for thyroid cancer in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science up until October 24, 2023. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated by The Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale of Cohort Study. The effect measure for meta-analysis was Hazard Ratio (HR). Random effect model was used to calculate the pooled HR and 95% confidence intervals. A sensitivity analysis was applied to assess the stability of the results. Subgroup analysis and a meta-regression were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. And a funnel plot, Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 15,698 patients with thyroid cancer from 24 eligible studies whose quality were relatively high were included. The pooled HR was 4.74 (95% CI:3.67-6.11; P<0.05) and a moderate heterogeneity was shown (I2 = 40.8%). The results of meta-analysis were stable according to the sensitivity analysis. Similar outcome were shown in subgroup analysis that higher LNR was associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS). Results from meta-regression indicated that a combination of 5 factors including country, treatment, type of thyroid cancer, year and whether studies control factors in design or analysis were the origin of heterogeneity. Conclusion Higher LNR was correlated to poorer disease free survival in thyroid cancer. LNR could be a potential prognostic indicator for thyroid cancer. More effort should be made to assess the potential of LNR to be included in the risk stratification systems for thyroid cancer. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/display_record. php? RecordID=477135, identifier CRD42023477135.