Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QoS support for the reverse packet data channel in third generation (3G) wireless networks

Third generation (3G) wireless networks have been designed to provide high speed data services on both forward and reverse links. In addition to increased data capacity they also support QoS (quality of service) guarantees for user applications. Users may run multiple applications (service instances) simultaneously and QoS guarantees may be required for one or more of them. In order to maintain these QoS guarantees the radio resources assigned to the mobile must be dynamically adjusted. Since mobile resources are assigned by the base station (BS) then each mobile must report relevant information to the BS so that it can make appropriate resource allocation decisions. The BS may either time-share or code share these resources. In this paper we present a simple framework to maintain QoS guarantees for each service instance of each mobile.
Heterogeneity in the labor market: unemployment and non-participation in Brazil

This article examines the criteria for classification between unemployment and non-participation in the labor force.We analyze the behavior of anon-employed subgroup, called marginally attached to the labor market (those who are not working or searching for a job in the reference week, but are willing to work), to test whether the transitions are similar to either the unemployed or to those non attached to the labor market.We observed that this group is behaviorally distinct and could be considered an intermediate state between the unemployed and those non-participating in the labor force, although closer to the unemployed.
[Disorders of endothelium-dependent vascular reactions and of the arginase and NO-synthase pathways of L-arginine metabolism in arterial hypertension].

In normotensive rats (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with high (subgroup 1) and low (subgroup 2) level of the systemic arterial pressure (SAP) we studied an activity of arginase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in different tissues, and the content of their metabolites: urea and nitrit anion (NO2-). In isolated preparations of a thoracic aorta we recorded endothelium-dependent (ED) dilator reactions on acetylcholine (Ach). It has been found that in heart, aorta, plasma and erythrocytes of rats (subgroup 2) both the activity of arginase and content of urea increase remarkably. In heart, the activity of arginase reaches 27.96 +/- 5.92 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein, in aorta 4.74 +/- 0.99 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein (as compared with NTR 1.32 +/- 0.12 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein and 1.12 +/- 0.07 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein, accordingly). Content of urea in heart reaches 679.5 +/- 121.19 nmol.mg-1 of protein, in aorta 350.6 +/- 63.6 nmol.mg-1 of protein (in NTR it was 36.8 +/- 5.3 nmol.mg-1 of protein and 43.02 +/- +/- 9.55 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein, accordingly). It was followed with a decrease in the NOS activity and heterogeneous changes in NO2- content in the tissues under exploration. For example, the activity of NOS in heart and aorta decreased to 0.018 +/- 0.005 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein, in aorta 0.183 +/- 0.037 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein, accordingly, as compared to 0.093 +/- 0.014 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein and 0.41 +/- 0.07 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein in NTR. Content of NO2- in aorta decreased by 0.79 +/- 0.06 nmol.mg-1 of protein, but in heart it increased to 0.63 +/- +/- 0.13 nmol.mg-1 of protein, (in NTR it was 2.15 +/- 0.18 nmol.mg-1 of protein and 0264 +/- 0.04 nmol.min-1.mg-1 of protein, accordingly). In rats, subgroup 2, ED dilator responses of the smooth muscle (SM) of the thoracic aorta were inhibited by Ach (10(-6) mol). Their amplitude reduced by almost twice, and a latency for their response became 4 times as much. All the changes in the biochemical parametres in heart, aorta, plasma and erythrocytes, and changes in contractile activity of vascular SM proved to be also characteristic for rats in subgroup 1, but they were less expressed quantitatively. Thus, for the first time we have studied an activity of two alternative pathways for the metabolism of L-arginine on the model of arterial hypertension. The data obtained evidence that at hypertension non-oxidative (arginase) pathway of L-arginine metabolism is activated, while the oxidative pathway (NOS) is inhibited. Changes in the balance between them are followed with an essential inhibition of ED vasodilator responses. All this give us the prove to think of the origin for the arterial pressure increase to be both genetically and quantitatively determined damages in the biochemical homeostasis and dependent on it endothelial regulation of vascular tone.
Regulating and Resolving Public Sector Disputes in Canada

This article discusses three broad approaches that have been adopted for the regulation and resolution of public sector strikes in Canada and provides a review of empirical and other research findings on public sector disputes procedures. This is followed by an assessment of the effectiveness of these approaches based on their ability to: (1) provide for the continuance of essential services; (2) achieve timely settlements (e.g. collective bargaining efficiency); (3) foster voluntary and peaceful settlements; and (4) promote acceptable outcomes. The article concludes that the reality is public sector strikes are inevitable, strike bans do not eliminate strikes and no dispute resolution model is totally effective.
Virulence of ureaplasmal urease for mice

Ureaplasmas killed mice within 5 min after intravenous injection. The 50% lethal dose of whole ureaplasmal organisms was 32 micrograms per mouse, a value also found for crystalline jackbean urease. The reaction was specific to urease, since protection was afforded by intraperitoneal injection of 200 micrograms of flurofamide, a potent urease inhibitor. The finding that a similar lethal effect was produced by injection of 200 mumol of NH4+ indicates that the toxicity of urease is mediated by ammonium ions or free ammonia.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Abstract Coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension is extremely rare. Right ventricular failure due to persistent elevation of pulmonary pressure is the most important complication in the postoperative period. Creation of an interatrial septal defect and reducing postoperative supraventricular arrhythmia by amiadarone infusion and continuous nasal oxygen therapy can reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity.
Testing the demand-led and BOP-constrained growth model: a system approach

In a series of articles of the journal Applied Economics there was an extensive debate on the Balance-of-Payments (BOP)-constrained growth model and its testing. This led to a single-equation-based test for the necessary condition of the BOP-constrained growth model that the BOP constraint binds. Since then many extensions and applications of the basic BOP-constrained growth model have appeared in the related literature, but the empirical model evaluation methodology has not been developed to further test the sufficient condition that causality runs from foreign demand or exports determined by it to GDP rather than the other way round. This study utilizes the standard vector error correction model (VECM) to formalize a system approach to empirical testing of both the necessary and sufficient conditions.
The violence of governance

more developed, I certainly do not mean to detract from the overall high quality of Human Encumbrances. While I am an outsider to Irish historical debates, I was left with a strong belief that this book has the power to radically reorient the course of scholarship on the Great Irish Famine, and through this eventually influence how it is taught and popularly perceived in Ireland. As noted at the outset, it also deserves a much wider readership. In drawing together close attention to political economy, the construction and influence of a racist/colonial discursive regime, and the biopolitics of social engineering in crisis, Nally provides a very rich and compelling interpretation of this case, and one which has obvious value for comparative historical understanding of agrarian change, dislocation, and food crises. It also offers a framework that can open new insights and questions for approaching these problems in the present, such as in the aggressive new phase of land-grabbing now unfolding. In the new land-grabs we are seeing what Sassen (2010: 24) calls ‘the most brutal sortings of winners and losers’ on a world scale, as finance capital is engaging in rising international investments in land across large areas of the South, which is inducing a new wave of forcible expulsions of the disposable poor. In other words, people are continuing to be transfigured into encumbrances to capital and modernization, and Nally’s contributions should resonate accordingly.
Eco-innovation antecedents in cultural tourism clusters: External relationships and explorative knowledge

This paper analyses the mediating role played by knowledge strategy in the relationship between social capital and eco-innovation in cultural tourism clusters. Specifically, we will focus on bridging capital, based on networks made up of structural holes, as a fundamental antecedent of eco-innovation by means of explorative knowledge. The empirical study was performed on a sample of tourism firms located in Spain’s World Heritage Cities. The results reveal that knowledge exploration strategy is a key driving force through which firms located in cultural tourism clusters can take advantage of the potential of bridging capital in order to develop eco-innovations.
Democratic Politics in the European Parliament: Index

Introduction 1. Development of the European Parliament 2. Democracy, transaction costs and political parties 3. Ideological not territorial politics 4. Participation 5. Trends in party cohesion 6. Agenda setting and cohesion 7. Who controls the MEPs? 8. Competition and coalition formation 9. Dimensions of politics 10. Investiture and censure of the Santer Commission 11. The takeover directive Conclusion.
Changes in gait kinematics and posture with the use of a front pack

The objective of this study was to determine if posture during gait can be affected by position of the load. It was hypothesized that the front pack would result in postural changes in the gait cycle, compared to a similarly loaded backpack. Thirteen healthy adults, free of any injury, volunteered to participate in this study. Two dimensional video data were collected at 50 Hz using a MacReflex video system. A backpack and a front pack were compared using loads of 10 and 15% of body weight. Markers were placed on the ear, acromion, greater trochanter and lateral joint line of the knee, lateral malleolus and fifth metatarsophalangeal joint. Data were collected while the participants walked at 0.75 stride/s. The data were used to calculate joint angles and displacements during each gait cycle. There was a significant difference noted in angles of the hip flexion, with the backpack condition demonstrating a greater flexion in each stride than either the control or front pack. Both backpack and front pack conditions demonstrated a significant change in neck motion compared to the control condition. The results of the position analysis over time also revealed an increase in the forward head position when participants were wearing the backpack compared to either the control or the front pack condition. It was concluded that the use of a front pack results in a more upright posture in gait, when compared to a backpack carrying the same load.
Precision multiplex molecular fingerprinting with femtosecond frequency combs.

Laser frequency combs are triggering new powerful approaches to multiplex or parallel spectroscopy aimed at achieving sensitive and accurate detections of multiple molecular species over a broad spectral window. Amongst them, Fourier transform spectroscopy based on the time-domain interferences between two independent frequency combs of slightly different repetition rates has a considerable potential for extremely high resolutions and remarkably short acquisition times. However, up to now, simple set-ups have exhibited limited spectral resolution broadband spectra [1], while high resolution on limited spectral ranges was only achieved with significant effort [2] by using state-of-the-art reference cavities to stabilize the two frequency combs.
The Revenue–Expenditure Nexus: The Experience of 13 African Countries

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship between government revenue and government expenditure for 13 African countries within a multivariate framework using a modified version of the Granger causality test due to Toda and Yamamoto (1995). The empirical evidence suggests that there was a bi-directional causality running between expenditure and revenue for Mauritius, Swaziland and Zimbabwe; no causality in any direction for Botswana, Burundi and Rwanda; unidirectional causality running from revenue to expenditure for Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Mali and Zambia; and a uni-directional causality running from expenditure to revenue for Burkina Faso only.
Global Warming and Financial Umbrellas

Weather derivatives have emerged as a generally acknowledged, if not widely utilized, risk management product within the past 5 to 10 years. The authors of this article compare the costs and benefits of weather derivatives in relation to insurance contracts for hedging weather risk, within the context of long‐term trends in hedging demand due to global warming. The article finds that, as global warming results in increased climactic variation and greater frequency and intensity of climatic anomalies (i.e., higher volatility), derivatives may provide coverage at a lower cost than standard insurance.
Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome. A histochemical study of the growth plate.

UNLABELLED The Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome is a rare inherited disorder in which a major feature, the skeletal dysplasia, is thought to result from a defect in endochondral ossification. To further characterize this disturbance, histochemical studies were performed on an iliac-crest biopsy specimen from a patient with disorder. The use of plastic embedding methods permitted previous observations, which were based on decalcified paraffin-embedded tissues, to be extended and a variety of new ones to be made. The resting cartilage matrix was very fibrous. In many areas it consisted of randomly oriented bundles of loosely woven fibers that stained as collagen. The chondrocytes in this region were excessively vacuolated and many contained cytoplasmic inclusions that stained non-specifically as protein. Cartilage canals were prominent in the resting cartilage. In many areas, clusters of degenerating chondrocytes and occasional vacuolar lesions replaced the columns of proliferating and maturing cells that normally occupy the growth-plate region. There was coarse and irregular calcification of these clusters at the chondro-osseous junction, and intracartilaginous ossification was also found. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These observations further define the histological criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder and provide new insights into its pathogenesis.
The role of inhaled prostacyclin in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute lung injury that is characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia second to a pathogenic impairment of gas exchange. Despite significant advances in the area, mortality remains high among ARDS patients. High mortality and a limited spectrum of therapeutic options have left clinicians searching for alternatives, spiking interest in selective pulmonary vasodilators (SPVs). Despite the lack of robust evidence, SPVs are commonly employed for their therapeutic role in improving oxygenation in patients who have developed refractory hypoxemia in ARDS. While inhaled epoprostenol (iEPO) also impacts arterial oxygenation by decreasing ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatching and pulmonary shunt flow, this effect is not different from inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). The most effective and safest dose for yielding a clinically significant increase in PaO2 and reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) appears to be 20–30 ng/kg/min in adults and 30 ng/kg/min in pediatric patients. iEPO appears to have a ceiling effect above these doses in which no additional benefit may be derived. iNO and iEPO have shown similar efficacy profiles; however, they differ with respect to cost and ease of therapeutic administration. The most beneficial effects of iEPO have been seen in adult patients with secondary ARDS as compared with primary ARDS, most likely due to the difference in etiology of the two disease states, and in patients suffering from baseline right ventricular heart failure. Although iEPO has demonstrated improvements in hemodynamic parameters and oxygenation in ARDS patients, due to the limited number of randomized clinical trials and the lack of studies investigating mortality, the use of iEPO cannot be recommended as standard of care in ARDS. iEPO should be reserved for those refractory to traditional therapies.
Casein kinase 2‐dependent phosphorylation of human Rad9 mediates the interaction between human Rad9‐Hus1‐Rad1 complex and TopBP1

The checkpoint clamp Rad9‐Hus1‐Rad1 (9‐1‐1) is loaded by the Rad17–RFC complex onto chromatin after DNA damage and plays a key role in the ATR‐dependent checkpoint activation. Here, we demonstrate that in vitro casein kinase 2 (CK2) specifically interacts with human 9‐1‐1 and phosphorylates serines 341 and 387 (Ser‐341 and Ser‐387) in the C‐terminal tail of Rad9. Interestingly, phosphorylated Ser‐387 has previously been reported to be required for interacting with a checkpoint mediator TopBP1. Indeed, 9‐1‐1 purified from Escherichia coli and phosphorylated in vitro by CK2 physically interacts with TopBP1. Further analyses showed that phosphorylation at both serine residues occurs in vivo and is required for the efficient interaction with TopBP1 in vitro. Furthermore, when over‐expressed in HeLa cells, a mutant Rad9 harboring phospho‐deficient substitutions at both Ser‐341 and Ser‐387 residues causes hypersensitivity to UV and methyl methane sulfonate (MMS). Our observations suggest that CK2 plays a crucial role in the ATR‐dependent checkpoint pathway through its ability to phosphorylate Ser‐341 and Ser‐387 of the Rad9 subunit of the 9‐1‐1 complex.
Accelerating the living polymerization of 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline by implementing a microwave synthesizer into a high-throughput experimentation workflow.

Richard Hoogenboom, Frank Wiesbrock,Mark A. M. Leenen, Michael A. R. Meier, andUlrich S. Schubert*Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry andNanoscience, EindhoVen UniVersity of Technology andDutch Polymer Institute (DPI), PO Box 513, 5600 MBEindhoVen, The NetherlandsReceiVed September 28, 2004Introduction. During the past decade, the field of high-throughput and combinatorial polymer research has grownrapidly.
Calcium level-responsive in-vitro zinc release from zinc containing tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP).

The in vitro Zn release from tricalcium phosphate containing Zn (ZnTCP; 0.63, 6.17, and 12.05 Zn w/w%) was investigated. The rates of release from ZnTCP powders were measured in 25 mL of simulated body fluid (SBF) containing 10 mg/100mL Ca (SBF/H), 5 mg/100mL Ca (SBF/L), or no Ca (SBF/-) at pH 7.25, 37.0+/-0.1 degrees C. The release from 6 and 12% ZnTCP was initially very fast. The rate of release from ZnTCP decreased as the concentration of Ca in the dissolution media increased, but increased as concentration of Zn in TCP increased. The dissolution kinetics of ZnTCP followed the Hixon-Crowell equation at the initial stage of dissolution, and the initial dissolution rate constant (IDR) was calculated by the least-squares method. The effect of Ca concentration on percent IDR of ZnTCP suggested that Zn release from 0.6% ZnTCP was significantly high compared to that from 6 or 12% ZnTCP. The relationship between the amount of Ca precipitated and Zn release of various ZnTCP samples suggested that the release from 0.6% ZnTCP was significantly different compared to that from 6 and 12% ZnTCP, consistent with the data for percent Zn IDR. X-ray diffraction data suggested that 0.6% ZnTCP contained 5% hydroxyapatite, a low solubility material, which acted as seed crystal during the dissolution test.
A Review of Social Media Use in E-Government

In the past few years, e-government has been a topic of much interest among those excited about the advent of Web 2.0 technologies. This paper reviews the recent literature concerning Web 2.0, social media, social networking, and how it has been used in the public sector. Key observations include literature themes such as the evolution of social media case studies in the literature, the progress of social media policies and strategies over time, and social media use in disaster management as an important role for government. Other observations include the lack of a tangible goal for e-government, and the idea that significant change is still needed in government culture, philosophy of control, and resource management before broad sustainable success can be achieved in the use of social media.
Congenital heart diseases and anaesthesia

Patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are at increased risk of developing complications during anaesthesia. Improvements in medical and surgical management in recent decades have resulted in significantly more children with CHD surviving to adulthood. The aim of this article is to focus on broad classification of CHD and to provide an updated review on the current perioperative anaesthetic management of CHD patients in different settings such as (a) interventional cardiac procedures that have dominated the field, (b) uncorrected patients for non-cardiac surgery and (c) corrected patients for non-cardiac surgery. The complexity of the defects along with a variety of non-cardiac surgery makes it impossible to have one single-anaesthesia technique. Search on Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline were done with MeSH terms such as 'congenital heart disease', 'cardiac catheterisation', 'anaesthetic management' and 'non-cardiac surgery' mainly focusing on review articles and controlled studies for preparing the article.
Dynamic pricing based on asymmetric multiagent reinforcement learning

A dynamic pricing problem is solved by using asymmetric multiagent reinforcement learning in this article. In the problem, there are two competing brokers that sell identical products to customers and compete on the basis of price. We model this dynamic pricing problem as a Markov game and solve it by using two different learning methods. The first method utilizes modified gradient descent in the parameter space of the value function approximator and the second method uses a direct gradient of the parameterized policy function. We present a brief literature survey of pricing models based on multiagent reinforcement learning, introduce the basic concepts of Markov games, and solve the problem by using proposed methods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 21: 73–98, 2006.