Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eucheuma and Kappaphycus : taxonomy and cultivation

The Genera Eucheuma, KaPPaPhycus and HyPnea are three important genera of carrageenophytes which are abundant in the Philippines and in the tropical Asia and Western Pacfic. The most useful species for the source of kappa carageenan is K. alvarezii cailed E. "cottonii" of commerce. E. dentdeulatztm called E. "sPi- nosum" of commerce is also the most useful species for the sources of iota carrageenan. The dfierent methods of Eucheuma cultivation were tried in the past from very simple bottom culture to the more sophisticated tJypes using some forTn of a support system, such as the raft method, the fixed off-bottom- (net) method, tubular net method and the fixed off bottom monolme method. Recently the fioating method of cul- ture are used in area where water rarrent is wealc. At present Encheuma and kaPPmphycus are exported in four form, as dried raw seaweeds, as alkali-treated chip or as a semi-processed powder and as pure carrageeRan. The genera Eucheuma and KaPPaPhyc"s belong to the Family Solieriaceae of the Order Gigarti- nales. Of the more than two dozen species known in the world, three species of Eucheuma and four species of KaPPaPhycus are present in the Philippines. These are Eucheuma denticulatum (N.L. Bur- man) Collins et Hervey (= E. sPinosum) ; E. arnoldii Weber van-Bosse ; E. gelatinae (Esper) J. Agardh ; KaPPmphycus alvare2ii (Doty) Doty nov. comb. (=E. alvare2it) ; K. striatum (Schmitz) Doty nov. comb. (=E. striatum) ; K Procrusteanum (Kraft) Doty nov. comb. (=E. Procrusteanum) ; K cottonii (Weber van-Bosse) Doty nov. comb. (=E. cottoniij. EMcheuma alvarezii and E. denticulatum are the species presently produced through mariculture in the Philippines and Indonesia. K. alvarezii and E. gelatinae are also cultured in Hainan Island in China and several other Westem Pacific Island countnes. The thalli of Eucheuma and KaPPaPhycus are very cartilaginous, may be prostrate or erect in habit and consists of cylindrical to compressed branches except in one species whose thallus is a thick and fiattened blade (K. Procrusteanum). Gametophytic and sporophytjc thalli have been reported for many species. Fertile female thalli develop dishnct cystocarps which appear as mammillate struc-
Article Multiple Mechanistically Distinct Modes of Endocannabinoid Mobilization at Central Amygdala Glutamatergic Synapses

SUMMARY The central amygdala (CeA) is a key structure at the limbic-motor interface regulating stress responses and emotional learning. Endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling is heavily implicated in the regulation of stress-response physiology and emotional learning processes; however, the role of eCBs in the modulation of synaptic efficacy in the CeA is not well understood. Here we describe the subcellular localization of CB 1 cannabinoid receptors and eCB synthetic machinery at glutamatergic synapses in the CeA and find that CeA neurons exhibit multiple mechanis-tically and temporally distinct modes of postsynaptic eCB mobilization. These data identify a prominent role for eCBs in the modulation of excitatory drive to CeA neurons and provide insight into the mechanisms by which eCB signaling and exogenous cannabinoids could regulate stress responses and emotional learning.
on the Application of Geographical Information Systems ( GIS ) in Veterinary Medicine

One of the most widely used definitions of GIS is “a powerful set of tools for collecting, retrieving at will, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world”. Overall, a GIS is a platform consisting of hardware, software, data and people and encompasses a fundamental and universally applicable set of value-added tools for capturing, transforming, managing, analyzing, and presenting information that are geographically referenced [8].
A summary of the joint GSICS – CEOS/IVOS lunar calibration workshop: moving towards intercalibration using the Moon as a transfer target

In December 2014 experts from 14 different agencies and departments attended the joint GSICS – CEOS/IVOS Lunar Calibration Workshop meeting organised by EUMETSAT in collaboration with USGS, CNES and NASA. Altogether, this represents potentially more than 25 instruments capable of observing the Moon. The main objectives of the workshop were i) to work across agencies with the GSICS Implementation of the ROLO model (GIRO) - a common and validated implementation of the USGS lunar radiometric reference, ii) to share knowledge and expertise on lunar calibration and iii) to generate for the first time a reference dataset that could be used for validation and comparisons. This lunar calibration community endorsed the GIRO to be the established publicly available reference for lunar calibration, directly traceable to the USGS ROLO model. However, further effort is required to reach inter-calibration between instruments, in particular for each instrument team to accurately estimate the over-sampling factor for their images of the Moon. A way to develop a cross-calibration algorithm and GSICS inter-calibration products is proposed. This includes key issues of fixing the GIRO calibration to an absolute scale, addressing spectral differences between instruments, and improving the existing calibration reference, which translates into future updates of the GIRO. The availability of extensive Moon observation datasets will help to further improve this reference and is expected to grow with the availability of additional lunar observations from past, current and future missions. All participants agreed on EUMETSAT pursuing its efforts in developing and maintaining the GIRO in collaboration with USGS to ensure traceability to the reference ROLO model.
Interactive comment on “Satellite retrieval of aerosol microphysical and optical parameters using neural networks: a new methodology applied to the Sahara desert dust peak” by M. Taylor et al

I would like to thank you for the detailed answers to my previous comments, and for taking the effort of producing additional statistics and graphs to support your statements. Overall, I think this study is interesting and your proposed modifications have the potential to improve the manuscript, but based on your reply I think that there are still some points that would benefit from some further clarification. As I will further detail in
Lower Ordovician Leetse Formation in the North Estonian Klint area

Sequences of the Leetse Formation were studied in order to find out the conodont biozonation, grain-size distribution, and glauconite mineral properties and their variations along the North Estonian Klint. On the basis of the conodont zonation of the Saka section, combined with earlier data, it was found that the Leetse Formation belongs to the Paroistodus proteus, Prioniodus elegans, and Oepikodus evae zones of various thickness and completeness along the North Estonian Klint. The Pr. elegans Zone of the Saka section was found to be remarkably complete and correlate well with equivalent intervals of sections in the St. Petersburg Region. Poorly lithified glauconitic sandstones of the Leetse Formation vary lithologically vertically as well as laterally. The Leetse Formation in the west has been repeatedly redeposited and is depleted in suspended fraction, while in the east it is more homogeneous and represents continuous shallow-water conditions. Glauconite is represented by a potassium- rich variety (about 9% K2O) and most likely forms at least two discrete modifications. Laterally, glauconite of the Leetse Formation in the western part of the klint contains less K than that of the eastern part, indicating faster sedimentation. The d(001) value of glauconite diminishes upwards in the sequence, indicating acceleration of the sedimentation rate.
Analysis of the elaboration and proposal of a Brazilian intersectoral strategy for the prevention and care of childhood obesity

Abstract: The Brazilian Strategy for the Prevention and Care of Childhood Obesity (PROTEJA) aims to implement a set of actions to prevent obesity in Brazil. As such, this qualitative and descriptive documentary study presents the Strategy’s stages of the operational design, general proposal, evaluation and monitoring conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health’s technical coordination. After analyzing the epidemiological data on children and the existing policies aimed at obesity prevention, and reviewing the scientific literature and recommendations, PROTEJA was formulated and approved by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and 1,320 municipalities committed to implementing 20 essential and 5 complementary actions, from 41, including some structural to improve environments. Coordinated by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in partnership with subnational governments and universities, the Strategy also relies on a local team for implementation support, as well as implementation and impact evaluations. Actions will be monitored annually, and the indicators will impact financial incentives. As a strong, evidence-based and innovative strategy aiming to promote healthy environments in cities, PROTEJA has the potential to open a path to childhood obesity reversal, as well as add to the implementation science and contribute to the development and improvement of public policies for obesity prevention; however, its implementation remains a challenge.
Implementing the human right to science in the regulatory governance of artificial intelligence in healthcare

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) enables a medical device to optimize its performance through machine learning (ML), including the ability to learn from past experiences. In healthcare, ML is currently applied within controlled settings in devices to diagnose conditions like diabetic retinopathy without clinician input, for instance. In order to allow AI-based medical devices (AIMDs) to adapt actively to its data environment through ML, the current risk-based regulatory approaches are inadequate in facilitating this technological progression. Recent and innovative regulatory changes introduced to regulate AIMDs as a software, or ‘software as a medical device’ (SaMD), and the adoption of a total device/product-specific lifecycle approach (rather than one that is point-in-time) reflect a shift away from the strictly risk-based approach to one that is more collaborative and participatory in nature, and anticipatory in character. These features are better explained by a rights-based approach and consistent with the human right to science (HRS). With reference to the recent explication of the normative content of HRS by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of the United Nations, this paper explains why a rights-based approach that is centred on HRS could be a more effective response to the regulatory challenges posed by AIMDs. The paper also considers how such a rights-based approach could be implemented in the form of a regulatory network that draws on a ‘common fund of knowledges’ to formulate anticipatory responses to adaptive AIMDs. In essence, the HRS provides both the mandate and the obligation for states to ensure that regulatory governance of high connectivity AIMDs become increasingly collaborative and participatory in approach and pluralistic in substance.
VIOLENCIA ESCOLAR EN NICARAGUA

Studies on school violence in European countries have been quite prolific in the past thirty years, and have contributed a large amount of information on the frequency and nature of violence. Few studies, however, have been carried out in the context of Central America, where research has focused more on citizens’ insecurity, and concretely, on gangs. The work we present here attempts to make an initial contribution to the study of school violence in the context of Nicaragua. Based on self-administered questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of elementary students, the results show an important presence of diverse forms of school violence, as well as relevant differences as a function of gender.
The Effect of 4 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training with Detraining Courses in Various Prevention Phases on BCl-2 and BAX Genes Expression and Proteins

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with detraining in different phases of prevention on BCL2 Associated X (BAX) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCl-2) gene expression and proteins. Methods: For this purpose, 32 female Balb-c mice (18–20 g) were purchased and randomly assigned to primordial prevention (A), primary prevention (B), secondary prevention (C), and control (D). A group performed aerobic exercise for 4 weeks, after 4T1 cells injection detrained for 8 weeks. Group B performed aerobic exercise for 4 weeks immediately after injecting 4T1 cells and then detrained for 4 weeks. In C group, the 4T1 cells were first injected and did not perform any activity for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of aerobic exercise. Forty-eight hours after the last training session and detraining courses, after anesthesia, sacrificing, and tissue removal, were performed. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) was used to measure gene expression and Western blot (WB) was used to measure protein content. One-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to analyze data. Results: The results showed that aerobic exercise in A, B, and C groups compared to D group reduced BCl-2 gene expression and protein and increased BAX gene expression and protein. Conclusions: Therefore, exercise can cause apoptosis in tumor cells by increasing pre-apoptotic factors and decreasing antiapoptotic factors in tumor cells, and consequently improving the disease status.
Isolation, characterization, and fibroblast uptake of bacterial extracellular vesicles from Porphyromonas gingivalis strains

Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition caused by bacteria and represents a serious health problem worldwide as the inflammation damages the supporting tissues of the teeth and may predispose to systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone periodontal pathogen that releases bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) containing virulence factors, such as gingipains, that may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bEVs from three strains of P. gingivalis, investigate putative bEV uptake into human oral fibroblasts, and determine the gingipain activity of the bEVs. bEVs from three bacterial strains, ATCC 33277, A7A1‐28, and W83, were isolated through ultrafiltration and size‐exclusion chromatography. Vesicle size distribution was measured by nano‐tracking analysis (NTA). Transmission electron microscopy was used for bEV visualization. Flow cytometry was used to detect bEVs and gingipain activity was measured with an enzyme assay using a substrate specific for arg‐gingipain. The uptake of bEVs into oral fibroblasts was visualized using confocal microscopy. NTA showed bEV concentrations from 108 to 1011 particles/mL and bEV diameters from 42 to 356 nm. TEM pictures demonstrated vesicle‐like structures. bEV‐gingipains were detected both by flow cytometry and enzyme assay. Fibroblasts incubated with bEVs labeled with fluorescent dye displayed intracellular localization consistent with bEV internalization. In conclusion, bEVs from P. gingivalis were successfully isolated and characterized, and their uptake into human oral fibroblasts was documented. The bEVs displayed active gingipains demonstrating their origin from P. gingivalis and the potential role of bEVs in periodontitis.
Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae NCCP11945

ABSTRACT Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that is the etiological agent of gonorrhea. We explored variations in the genes of a multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolate from a Korean patient in an effort to understand the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and importance of horizontal gene transfer within this important, naturally competent organism. Here, we report the complete annotated genome sequence of N. gonorrhoeae strain NCCP11945.
FRACTAL ANALYSIS ON A SOURCE DISTRIBUTION OF ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS IN A HOT DRY ROCK MASS RESERVOIR

高温岩体の地熱抽出においては, 水圧破砕により造成される貯留層の評価が重要である. 本研究では, AE震源の空間分布に対してフラクタル次元を求め, その結果から貯留層の形状を評価し, また水圧破砕によって造成される亀裂の進展メカニズムについても新たな情報を得る手法の検討を行った. まずフラクタルとフラクタル次元の概念を整理して示したのち, 震源分布を模擬した点の分布モデルを用いて基礎的な検討を行い, この手法の有用性と信頼性の限界を調べた. その結果に基づき, 深度1000mの坑井を用いた高温岩体発電実験のAE震源分布のフラクタル次元を求め, その結果を現地の地質状態などと比較して造成された貯留層の性状の評価を行い, この手法により新たな観点から貯留層を評価できる可能性があることを明らかにした.
Hepatoprotective Properties of Water Kefir: A Traditional Fermented Drink and Its Potential Role

The liver is extremely vulnerable to damage because of its role in metabolism. Toxin, metabolic syndrome, alcohol, microorganisms, and autoimmune diseases can be the cause of liver damage. While different etiologies can cause liver disease, pathophysiologically, there are similarities in the role of free radicals, inflammatory mediators, and gut microbiome during the disease development. Therefore, ingredients with antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antidysbiotic properties have the potential to act as hepatoprotectors; and water kefir is one of them. Water kefir is a traditional fermented drink made from water kefir grains, sugar, and dried fruit. Water kefir is dominated by lactic acid bacteria and yeast as a fermented beverage, and several species of this group of microorganisms have been shown as probiotics. According to researches, water kefir has strong antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects. Even so, there are still few researches reported about water kefir as a hepatoprotective agent. Several studies, on the other hand, showed promising results. This review discusses the relationship between the pathophysiology of liver disease and the pharmacological activity of water kefir and other probiotics in general, which leads to the potential prospect of water kefir research as a hepatoprotective agent.
TWO NEW SPIDER SPECIES OF THE GENUS DRACONARIUS (ARANEAE, AMAUROBIIDAE, COELOTINAE) FROM PAKISTAN

Up to the present time only one species of the spider subfamily Coelotinae (Amaurobiidae) has been reported from Pakistan — Paracoelotes bidens (Caporiacco, 1935), described from Karakorum (Baltistan, near Baltoro Glacier, 3,900–4,150 m. a. s. l., 35°41'N, 76°09'E) and NW Himalaya (Tolti environs, 2,400 m. a. s. l., 35°02'N, 76°01'E). Type locality of the second coelotin species (Coelotes stylifer Caporiacco, 1935) described in the same paper is India (Jammu and Kashmir State, Gund environs, 2,080 m. a. s. l., 34°16'N, 75°05'E, and Kangan, 2,000 m. a. s. l., 34°15'N, 74°55'E). Two new species of the genus Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999 were found by us in 2003 in W Himalaya, both of which are clearly closed to the type species of the genus, D. venustus Ovtchinnikov, 1999 from Gissaro-Darvaz Mountain system, from where we have another, undescribed species. In the present article these two new species from Western Himalaya are described. The following abbreviations have been used in the text: ALE — anterior lateral eyes; AME — anterior median eyes; PLE — posterior lateral eyes; PME — posterior median eyes; PLS — posterior lateral spinnerets. All measurements are in millimetres. The scale unit on all figures equals 0.5 mm. All holotypes and part of paratypes will be deposited in the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, Moscow (Dr. K. G. Mikhailov); remaining paratypes are in the private collection of the first author (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan). Draconarius pakistanicus Ovtchinnikov, sp. n. (fig. 1–4)
Integrated use of satellite remote sensing, GIS, and ground spectroscopy techniques for monitoring olive oil mill waste disposal areas on the island of Crete, Greece

ABSTRACT Olive oil mill wastes (OOMW) constitute a major pollution factor in olive-growing regions and an important problem to be solved for the agricultural industry. Olive oil mill wastes are normally deposited in tanks, or directly into the soil or even on adjacent torrents, rivers, and lakes, posing a high risk of environmental pollution in regard to public health. This study aims to develop integrated satellite remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), and ground spectroscopy methodologies to detect and monitor OOMW disposal areas on the island of Crete, Greece in the Southeastern Mediterranean. More than 1000 disposal tanks were mapped through an extended global positioning system (GPS) survey that took place throughout the island. Satellite images of both high (IKONOS) and medium (Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager)) resolution were preprocessed and analysed by applying geometric, radiometric, and atmospheric corrections. A library with a spectral signature of OOMW including both different time periods and satellite sensors was developed. At the same time, ground spectroscopy campaigns were carried out and a complementary spectral signature library was developed. The narrow band reflectance of ground measurements was recalculated using the relative response filters of the corresponding satellite sensors. Both libraries were compared for their accuracy through statistical approaches and the optimum spectral range for detecting OOMW areas was estimated. Subsequently, further auxiliary image-processing techniques such as image fusion, linear spectral unmixing (LSU), false-colour composites (FCCs), image classification, and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to satellite images to enhance OOMW patterns, and an innovative OOMW detection index for Landsat 8 was developed. In addition, several vegetation indices were applied and compared in regard to their efficiency in detecting waste ponds. Finally an integrated, semi-automatic methodology was developed in the GIS environment employing classification algorithms for the detection of waste ponds. This study highlights the potential of satellite remote sensing, GIS, and ground spectroscopy in the semi–automatic detection of OOMW disposal areas in the context of the Mediterranean landscape.
Dease Lake Geoscience Project, Part III: Age, Emplacement and Mineralization of the Snow Peak Pluton (NTS 104J/08)

The Snow Peak pluton is a small, steep sided, equidimensional body located in the northwestern part of the Dease Lake map sheet (NTS 104/J08). The intrusion is a relatively homogeneous, locally porphyritic quartz monzodiorite-granodiorite, which is hosted by Early Jurassic rocks of the Takwahoni Formation (Stikine terrane) immediately south of the terrane-bounding King Salmon fault (Figure 1). Mo±Au, W mineralization is developed along west-northwest trending fracture planes in the central part of the pluton.
An investigation into high performance low­‐flow showerheads for use on university campuses

ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . iv GLOSSARY . v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. vi 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 METHODOLOGY. 2 3.0 SHOWERHEAD TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS. 3 4.0 SURVEY RESULTS . 8 5.0 TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE ANALYSIS.12 5.1 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT . 13 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT . 14 5.3 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT . 15 6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.18 REFERENCES . 19 APPENDICES . 20 APPENDIX A: SURVEY QUESTIONS. 21