Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cattle fattening systems and environmental regulations in Turkey

ThelivestocksectorisanimportantpartoftheagriculturalsectorinTurkey. �Animalproductionconsistsof� approximately� 24%� ofagriculturalproduction. � CattlefatteningandhusbandryinTurkeyhasinthepast� causedenvironmentalproblems,� withincreasingpopulationbeingagainstfattenedcattleproducts. � In� particularthedevelopmentofintensivefarmingatindustrializedscalehasledtowaterandairpollution. �� InTurkey,� thetotalnumberofagriculturalenterprisesisnotknownexactly,� butisestimatedtobe� around�30000,�ofwhich�90�%�aresmall4farmholdings. �Inmostofthese,�closedfatteningsystemsareused. � Thewasteinfatteningoperationsishigh,�e.g.�cattlemanureandwasteofrawmaterialsusedinlivestock� feed,� amongothers. �AtmosphericconcentrationsofNH 3� increasedby� 50%� inthelast� 30440� yearsandit� hasbeendeterminedthatcattlefatteningmanurecontributed� 81%� ofthis,� comparedto� 2%� fromother� industries. �. �Inrelationtotheseeffects,�thereareseveraldirectandlegalimplicationsandregulations. �This� studyexaminedtherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentandimpactsofanimalhusbandryrelatedto�
Mass Angle of Repose of Open-Graded Rock Riprap

Mass angle of repose (that is, the angle at which a mass of sliding particles will come to rest) is a fundamental material property that is needed to design drainage channel linings composed of open-graded riprap stone, also called dumped rock riprap, which protect earthen slopes from erosion by flowing water. Multiple regression analysis of measurements at 74 stockpiles of dumped natural and crushed rock shows the angle to depend primarily on rock particle angularity and, to lesser extents, on the gradation and the median particle diameter of the stone mixture, the angle increasing with angularity, mixture nonuniformity, and particle size. Uncomplicated expressions are developed from the data to calculate the expected mass angle of repose of open-graded rock riprap along with prediction intervals.
Effect of supercritical CO2 on carbonates: Savonnières sample case study

CO2 geosequestration is an efficient way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Carbonate rock formations are one of the possible targets for CO2 sequestration due to their relative abundance and ability to serve as a natural trapping reservoir. The injected supercritical CO2 can change properties of the reservoir rocks such as porosity, permeability, tortuosity, and specific surface area due to dissolution and precipitation processes. This, in turn, affects the reservoir characteristics, i.e., their elastic properties, storage capacity, stability, etc.
Non-parametric Texture Transfer Using MeshMatch

Transferring surface properties such as color texture from one 3D mesh to another is a well-known problem, which has become increasingly important as the demand for textured models in games and films has grown. We propose a mesh-based analogy of the PatchMatch [Barnes et al. 2009] algorithm, which we call “MeshMatch,” and a non-parametric multi-resolution approach to surface texture transfer based on this algorithm. Our system offers benefits of both parameterization and texture synthesis approaches, preserving both large- and fine-scale patterns of the source properties. We demonstrate this system in a variety of applications, including texture transfer, detail transfer, and texture painting assists.
Nonlinear strain buildup and the earthquake cycle on the San Andreas Fault

Two contrasting models of the earthquake deformation cycle on strike slip faults predict significant temporal declines in shear strain rate near the fault, accompanied by a progressive broadening of the zone of deformation adjacent to it. In the thin lithosphere model, transient deformation results from flow in the asthenosphere due to stress relaxation following faulting through most or all of the lithosphere. For an earth model with a thick elastic lithosphere (plate thickness » depth of seismic slip), transient motions are due to postearthquake aseisrnic slip below the coseismic fault plane. Data from the San Andreas fault indicate a long-term temporal decrease in strain rate that persists for at least 30 years and may extend through the entire earthquake cycle. Observations support a cycle-long rate decrease and a temporal spreading of the deformation profile only if movement cycles on the northern and southern locked sections of the fault are basically similar. If so, the usually lower strain rates and broader deformation zone currently observed on the southern San Andreas represent a later evolutionary stage of the northern locked section, where a great earthquake is a more recent occurrence. Although the data allow some extreme models to be discarded, no sufficiently strong constraints exist to decide between the thin and thick lithosphere models. Regardless of the appropriate model the geodetic observations themselves indicate that strain buildup is sufficiently nonlinear to cause significant departures from recurrence estimates based on linear strain accumulation and the time-predictable model.
Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High Dimensional Vector Databases: Current Research and Future Directions

Approximate nearest neighbor search is an important research topic with a wide range of applications. In this study, we ﬁrst introduce the problem and review major research results in the past. We then discuss the current work in the database research community, categorizing the work by their key underlying methodologies, such as locality-sensitive hashing, product quantization, and approximate nearest neighbor graphs. Finally, we examine several new directions, with a focus on vector databases to support large language models.
Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida Scholarly Commons @ Baptist Health South Florida

Background— Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) and mortality. However, there are no studies that pool these data to show the shape of the relationship and quantify the mortality bene ﬁ t from ideal CVH. Methods and Results— We conducted a systematic internet literature search of multiple databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus for longitudinal studies assessing the relationship between ideal CVH and mortality in adults, published between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2017. We included studies that assessed the relationship between ideal CVH and mortality in populations that were initially free of cardiovascular disease. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis generating both study-speci ﬁ c and pooled trends from the correlated log hazard ratio estimates of mortality across categories of ideal CVH metrics. A total of 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis. All of the studies indicated a linear decrease in (cardiovascular disease and all-cause) mortality with increasing ideal CVH metrics. Overall, each unit increase in CVH metrics was associated with a pooled hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease mortality of 0.81 (95% con ﬁ dence interval, 0.75 – 0.87), while each unit increase in ideal CVH metrics was associated with a pooled hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% con ﬁ dence interval, 0.86 – 0.93) for all-cause mortality. Conclusions— Our meta-analysis showed a strong inverse linear dose-response relationship between ideal CVH metrics and both all-cause and cardiovascular disease – related mortality. This study suggests that even modest improvements in CVH is associated with substantial mortality bene ﬁ t, thus providing a strong public health message advocating for even the smallest improvements in lifestyle. ( J Am Heart Assoc . 2017;6:e006904. DOI: 10.
New emission inventory of carbonaceous aerosols from the on-road 1 transport sector in India and its implications for direct radiative 2 forcing over the region 3

9 This study presents a detailed age-wise mass-based emission factor (EFs), new fuel use estimate 10 and develops spatially resolved emission inventories of fine aerosol constituents (PM2.5, BC, and 11 OC) from the on-road transport sector in India. The national-level emissions of PM2.5, BC, and 12 OC from the on-road transport sector in India are estimated to be 355 (104–607) Gg y, 137 13 (47–227) Gg y, and 106 (34–178) Gg y, respectively, for the base year 2013. Our results 14 suggest that the on-road transport sector in India contributes nearly 7%, 17%, and 6% of total 15 PM2.5, BC, and OC emissions from India. The significant emissions of PM2.5 and BC revealed by 16 super-emitter vehicles which comprise 24% of total traffic volume, but they contribute 67% and 17 47% to national level PM2.5 and BC emissions respectively. It indicates that eliminating the 18 super-emitters could rapidly reduce emissions from the on-road transport sector in India. The 19 emission estimates of carbonaceous aerosols are then used in CAM5 global climate model to 20 estimate the direct radiative forcing (DRF) due to BC emissions from on-road transport in India. 21 BC emissions from the road transportation sector in India results in a positive DRF up to 6 Wm 22 at TOA and negative DRF at the surface up to 10 Wm, thereby indicating trapping of energy 23 within the atmosphere by up to 16 Wm due to BC emissions from the on-road transport sector. 24 With the rapid growth of economy and urbanization, the transport sector in India is likely to 25 further expand in future and hence demands immediate attention for reducing BC burden and 26 improving air quality over India. 27
EUV flux variation during end of solar cycle 20 and beginning cycle 21, observed from AE-C satellite

Minimum levels of solar EUV fluxes appear to have occurred about 14 months before July 1976, the month designated as the start of Cycle 21 (minimum of monthly mean value of sunspot number, R/sub Z/). The EUV minimum, observed by the EUVS experiment on AE-C, occurred around 20 April 1975 under conditions of a spotless disk and of a simultaneous minimum in F/sub 10//sub . //sub 7/. Another rise of quiet-disk EUV, observed a few months before July 1976, was found in the low-excitation lines such as 584 A He I and 1026 A H Ly-. beta. The transition-region lines of Fe X at 174.5 and 177.2 A showed a substantial gradual rise later, toward the end of 1976 and mainly in early 1977, when periods of spotless disk with simultaneously minimal F/sub 10//sub . //sub 7/ 30 with F/sub 10//sub . //sub 7/>80) on different sides of the sunspot minimum show drastically different relations to F/sub 10//sub . //sub 7/.
POET REVISITED: A REANALYSIS OF ALBRECHT AND MURDOCK'S PART-TIME FARMING MODEL *

In this paper, I reanalyze Albrecht and Murdock's (1984) POET (Population, Organization, Environment, and Technology) model of part-time farming prevalence using 2002 data and two indicators of part-time farming prevalence: percent of farm operators working 100 days or more off-farm and percent of farm operators whose principal occupation is not farming. I compare the results of analyses using these two measures to one another and to the results produced in Albrecht and Murdock's earlier study using 1978 data. Findings from the anal ysis of 2002 are similar to those produced with 1978 data. However, the findings from the 2002 analyses do differ according to which measure of part-time farming prevalence is used.
The eﬀect of local monitoring on nuclear safety and compliance: evidence from France

We estimate the eﬀect of local monitoring and information disclosure on safety and compliance with self-reporting standards in the French nuclear power industry. We use a novel dataset on deviations from safety, radiological and environmental standards recorded in the French nuclear ﬂeet since 1978. We ﬁnd that while local monitoring and information disclosure increase compliance signiﬁcantly, they have little or no eﬀect on safety.
Therapeutic Use of the Antimicrobial Peptide PNR20 to Resolve Disseminated Candidiasis in a Murine Model

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) caused by Candida species are an emerging threat globally, given that patients at-risk and antifungal resistance are increasing. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown good therapeutic capacity against different multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. This study evaluated the activity of the synthetic peptide, PNR20, against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and a MDR Colombian clinical isolate of Candida auris. Perturbation of yeast cell surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Cell viability of Vero cells was determined to assess peptide toxicity. Additionally, survival, fungal burden, and histopathology of BALB/c mice infected intravenously with each Candida species and treated with PNR20 were analyzed. Morphological alterations were identified in both species, demonstrating the antifungal effect of PNR20. In vitro, Vero cells’ viability was not affected by PNR20. All mice infected with either C. albicans or C. auris and treated with PNR20 survived and had a significant reduction in the fungal burden in the kidney compared to the control group. The histopathological analysis in mice infected and treated with PNR20 showed more preserved tissues, without the presence of yeast, compared to the control groups. This work shows that the utilization of PNR20 is a promising therapeutic alternative against disseminated candidiasis.
Statistical Reachability Analysis

Given a target program state (or statement) s, what is the probability that an input reaches s? This is the quantitative reachability analysis problem. For instance, quantitative reachability analysis can be used to approximate the reliability of a program (where s is a bad state). Traditionally, quantitative reachability analysis is solved as a model counting problem for a formal constraint that represents the (approximate) reachability of s along paths in the program, i.e., probabilistic reachability analysis. However, in preliminary experiments, we failed to run state-of-the-art probabilistic reachability analysis on reasonably large programs. In this paper, we explore statistical methods to estimate reachability probability. An advantage of statistical reasoning is that the size and composition of the program are insubstantial as long as the program can be executed. We are particularly interested in the error compared to the state-of-the-art probabilistic reachability analysis. We realize that existing estimators do not exploit the inherent structure of the program and develop structure-aware estimators to further reduce the estimation error given the same number of samples. Our empirical evaluation on previous and new benchmark programs shows that (i) our statistical reachability analysis outperforms state-of-the-art probabilistic reachability analysis tools in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, and (ii) our structure-aware estimators further outperform (blackbox) estimators that do not exploit the inherent program structure. We also identify multiple program properties that limit the applicability of the existing probabilistic analysis techniques.
Proﬁler Contributions to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground Validation Field Campaigns

Doppler radar proﬁlers are widely used for routine measurement of wind, especially in the lower troposphere. The same proﬁlers with minor modiﬁcations are useful tools for precipitation research. Speciﬁcally, the proﬁlers are now increasingly being used to explore the structure of precipitating cloud systems and to provide calibration and validation of other instruments used in precipitation research, including scanning radars and active and passive satellite-borne sensors. A vertically directed proﬁler is capable of resolving the vertical structure of precipitating cloud systems that pass overhead. Standard proﬁler measurements include reﬂectivity, reﬂectivity-weighted Doppler velocity, and spectral width. This paper presents proﬁler observations of precipitating cloud systems observed during Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground Validation ﬁeld campaigns. The observations show similarities and differences between convective systems observed in Florida; Brazil; and Kwajalein, Republic of the Marshall Islands. In addition, it is shown how a proﬁler can be calibrated using a collocated Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer, how the proﬁler can then be used to calibrate a scanning radar, and how the proﬁler may be used to retrieve drop size distributions.
Deriving and validating an asthma diagnosis prediction model for children and young people in primary care [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 not approved]

Introduction: Accurately diagnosing asthma can be challenging. We aimed to derive and validate a prediction model to support primary care clinicians assess the probability of an asthma diagnosis in children and young people. Methods: The derivation dataset was created from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) linked to electronic health records. Participants with at least three inhaled corticosteroid prescriptions in 12-months and a coded asthma diagnosis were designated as having asthma. Demographics, symptoms, past medical/family history, exposures, investigations
Code Coverage Criteria for Asynchronous Programs

Asynchronous software often exhibits complex and error-prone behaviors that should be tested thoroughly. Code coverage has been the most popular metric to assess test suite quality. However, traditional code coverage criteria do not adequately reflect completion, interactions, and error handling of asynchronous operations. This paper proposes novel test adequacy criteria for measuring: (i) completion of asynchronous operations in terms of both successful and exceptional execution, (ii) registration of reactions for handling both possible outcomes, and (iii) execution of said reactions through tests. We implement JScope, a tool for automatically measuring coverage according to these criteria in JavaScript applications, as an interactive plug-in for Visual Studio Code. An evaluation of JScope on 20 JavaScript applications shows that the proposed criteria can help improve assessment of test adequacy, complementing traditional criteria. According to our investigation of 15 real GitHub issues concerned with asynchrony, the new criteria can help reveal faulty asynchronous behaviors that are untested yet are deemed covered by traditional coverage criteria. We also report on a controlled experiment with 12 participants to investigate the usefulness of JScope in realistic settings, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving programmers’ ability to assess test adequacy and detect untested behavior of asynchronous code.
Wealth Index Estimation using Machine Learning with Environmental, Demographics, Remote Sensing, and Points of Interest Data

Poverty alleviation is an important goal set by the UN which aims to improve the lives of a large number of people around the world, especially in developing countries. One of the challenges in achieving this goal is being able to measure wealth level frequently, inexpensively, and with high spatial granularity. There are surveys that measure wealth level, however these are conducted only every 4 to 5 years, require high costs in terms of logistics and manpower, or are only accurate at the provincial level. One alternative is to use deep learning models to estimate wealth levels using satellite images. However, this is cost-prohibitive due to the requirement of significant compute resources to train these models. We build upon an existing approach of measuring wealth level in the Philippines using machine learning and tabular data and we obtained an R2 of 0.68, MAPE of 22.71%, and MAE of 7.8, which is better by 0.05 in R2 than the results of a previous study utilizing deep learning and satellite images. For urban areas, our model can achieve an even better MAPE of 13.9%. The performance improvement can be attributed to the addition of new data (e.g. environmental, demographics, remote sensing indices) which provide additional context to the model. Additionally, we discover that the use of automatically collected data such as remote sensing data and environmental data provides comparable results (R2 of 0.66) and thus can be used as an alternative data source when manually created points of interest data are unavailable. Furthermore, we observe that environmental data and points of interest data contribute the most to the prediction of wealth level for urban and rural clusters. For future research directions, we recommend to explore the differences between urban and rural clusters, and to use deep learning as a supplement, especially for areas with limited data sources.
Rotten Green Tests in Google Test

Executable unit tests are a key component of many software engineering methodologies. A “green” test is one that is reported as passing (successfully testing some software feature). However, it is common for a test harness to assume that a test has passed when, in fact, it has merely not reported a failure. In this gap, where the “excluded middle” lives and thrives, we find the Rotten Green Test: A test that looks like it does something useful, but in fact does not. Google Test, a popular open-source test framework for C++ software, has been enhanced to detect rotten green tests. This enhancement follows the lead of similar work done for the Pharo language, but in a framework more applicable in industry, and with no requirement for test modifications or an external tool. The enhanced Google Test has detected 183 rotten assertions in the LLVM project’s unit tests, and even found one in Google Test’s own internal test suite. The enhancement may report false positives from parameterized tests where assertions are conditioned on the parameter, and currently does not detect rotten assertions in helper methods.
2 . 1 Research In Other Online Communities

Open content web sites depend on users to produce information of value. Wikipedia is the largest and most well-known such site. Previous work has shown that a small fraction of editors – Wikipedians – do most of the work and produce most of the value. Other work has offered conjectures about how Wikipedians differ from other editors and how Wikipedians change over time. We quantify and test these conjectures. Our key findings include: Wikipedians’ edits last longer; Wikipedians invoke community norms more often to justify their edits; on many dimensions of activity, Wikipedians start intensely, tail off a little, then maintain a relatively high level of activity over the course of their career. Finally, we show that the amount of work done by Wikipedians and non-Wikipedians differs significantly from their very first day. Our results suggest a design opportunity: customizing the initial user experience to improve retention and channel new users’ intense energy.