Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Computational Semantic Analyzer for Urdu

This paper describes a first approach to a computational semantic analyzer for Urdu on the basis of the deep syntactic analysis done by the Urdu grammar ParGram. Apart from the semantic construction, external lexical resources such as an Urdu WordNet and a preliminary VerbNet style resource for Urdu are developed and connected to the semantic analyzer. These resources allow for a deeper level of representation by providing real-word knowledge such as hypernyms of lexical entities and information on thematic roles. We therefore contribute to the overall goal of providing more insights into the computationally efficient analysis of Urdu, in particular to computational semantic analysis.
SNO-ing at the Nociceptive Synapse?

Nitric oxide is generally considered a pronociceptive retrograde transmitter that, by activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase-mediated cGMP production and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, drives nociceptive hypersensitivity. The duality of its functions, however, is increasingly recognized. This review summarizes nitric-oxide–mediated direct S-nitrosylation of target proteins that may modify nociceptive signaling, including glutamate receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors, transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated channels, proinflammatory enzymes, transcription factors, and redoxins. S-Nitrosylation events require close proximity of nitric oxide production and target proteins and a permissive redox state in the vicinity. Despite the diversity of potential targets and effects, three major schemes arise that may affect nociceptive signaling: 1) S-Nitrosylation-mediated changes of ion channel gating properties, 2) modulation of membrane fusion and fission, and thereby receptor and channel membrane insertion, and 3) modulation of ubiquitination, and thereby protein degradation or transcriptional activity. In addition, S-Nitrosylation may alter the production of nitric oxide itself.
Evidence of Inhibitive Role of Hippocampus in Neural Regulation of ACTH Release.∗

Summary The pituitary-adrenal axis of normal rats, as reflected by plasma corticoid levels, was activated acutely by the stress of ether anesthesia and withdrawal of blood by heart puncture. Bilateral electrolytic lesions in portions of the midbrain reticular formation or the amygdaloid nuclei suppressed or blocked this acute response. In such lesioned, unresponsive animals, placement of an additional lesion in hippocampus negated the block created by the first lesion in reticular formation or amygdala. The results support the opinion that hippocampus contributes an inhibitory component to the neural mechanisms regulating ACTH release.
Adaptable query optimization and evaluation in temporal middleware

Time-referenced data are pervasive in most real-world databases. Recent advances in temporal query languages show that such database applications may benefit substantially from built-in temporal support in the DBMS. To achieve this, temporal query optimization and evaluation mechanisms must be provided, either within the DBMS proper or as a source level translation from temporal queries to conventional SQL. This paper proposes a new approach: using a middleware component on top of a conventional DBMS. This component accepts temporal SQL statements and produces a corresponding query plan consisting of algebraic as well as regular SQL parts. The algebraic parts are processed by the middleware, while the SQL parts are processed by the DBMS. The middleware uses performance feedback from the DBMS to adapt its partitioning of subsequent queries into middleware and DBMS parts. The paper describes the architecture and implementation of the temporal middleware component, termed TANGO, which is based on the Volcano extensible query optimizer and the XXL query processing library. Experiments with the system demonstrate the utility of the middleware's internal processing capability and its cost-based mechanism for apportioning the processing between the middleware and the underlying DBMS.
Phosphorylation Regulates SIRT1 Function

Background SIR2 is an NAD+-dependent deacetylase [1]–[3] implicated in the regulation of lifespan in species as diverse as yeast [4], worms [5], and flies [6]. We previously reported that the level of SIRT1, the mammalian homologue of SIR2 [7], [8], is coupled to the level of mitotic activity in cells both in vitro and in vivo [9]. Cells from long-lived mice maintained SIRT1 levels of young mice in tissues that undergo continuous cell replacement by proliferating stem cells. Changes in SIRT1 protein level were not associated with changes in mRNA level, suggesting that SIRT1 could be regulated post-transcriptionally. However, other than a recent report on sumoylation [10] and identification of SIRT1 as a nuclear phospho-protein by mass spectrometry [11], post-translational modifications of this important protein have not been reported. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified 13 residues in SIRT1 that are phosphorylated in vivo using mass spectrometry. Dephosphorylation by phosphatases in vitro resulted in decreased NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity. We identified cyclinB/Cdk1 as a cell cycle-dependent kinase that forms a complex with and phosphorylates SIRT1. Mutation of two residues phosphorylated by Cyclin B/Cdk1 (threonine 530 and serine 540) disturbs normal cell cycle progression and fails to rescue proliferation defects in SIRT1-deficient cells [12], [13]. Conclusions/Significance Pharmacological manipulation of SIRT1 activity is currently being tested as a means of extending lifespan in mammals. Treatment of obese mice with resveratrol, a pharmacological activator of SIRT1, modestly but significantly improved longevity and, perhaps more importantly, offered some protection against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome [14]–[16]. Understanding the endogenous mechanisms that regulate the level and activity of SIRT1, therefore, has obvious relevance to human health and disease. Our results identify phosphorylation by cell cycle dependent kinases as a major mechanism controlling the level and function of this sirtuin and complement recent reports of factors that inhibit [17], [18] and activate [19] SIRT1 by protein-protein interactions.
The outcomes among patients presenting in primary care with a physical symptom at 5 years

AbstractBACKGROUND: Symptoms are common and often remain medically unexplained. OBJECTIVE: To assess 5-year symptom outcomes, determine how often symptoms remain unexplained and assess their relationship with mental disorders. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred consecutive patients presenting to a medicine clinic with physical symptoms. MEASUREMENTS PREVISIT: Mental disorders, symptom characteristics, stress, expectations, illness worry, and functional status. Post-visit (immediately, 2 weeks, 3 months, 5 years): unmet expectations, satisfaction, symptom outcome, functional status, and stress. RESULTS: While most subjects (81%) experienced symptom improvement by 5 years, resolution rates were lower (56%), with 35% of symptoms remained medically unexplained. Most patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) did not have a mental disorder. Mood or anxiety disorders were not associated with MUS (relative risks [RR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79 to 1.13), or with lower rates of symptom improvement (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.60 to 2.2). In contrast, most patients with somatoform disorders had MUS and were unlikely to improve. Worse functioning (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.99), longer duration of symptom at presentation (RR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.87), illness worry at presentation (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.89), or lack of resolution by 3 months (RR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.86) reduced the likelihood of symptom improvement at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients presenting with a physical symptom resolve by 5 years, while a third remain medically unexplained. Most patients whose symptom remained unexplained had no mental disorder. While mood and anxiety disorders were not associated with MUS or worse outcomes, most patients with somatoform disorders had MUS and were unlikely to improve.
Seamless Producer Mobility as a Service in Information Centric Networks

In this paper, we present a service-driven mobility support architecture for Information Centric Networks that provides seamless mobility as an on-demand network service, which can be enabled/disabled based on network capabilities or resource availability. Proposed architecture relies on the ID/Locator split on ICN namespaces to support the use of persistent names and avoids name reconfiguration due to mobility. We implemented the proposed solution over a service-centric CCN platform, with multiple end-hosts running a video conferencing application acting as Consumers and Producers, and observed its capability to support seamless handover.
Investigating the magnetic characteristics of unsymmetrical coil pair employing archimedean spiral for EV battery charging

The position of a magnetic null in the coupling profile of a charging pad decides the operating area over which power transfer can take place. For circular charging pads, employing an Archimedean spiral, a magnetic null occurs at a misalignment distance equal to about 40% of the pad diameter (or 70% of the coil's diameter) irrespective of the coil separation. However, this is true only for identically sized (symmetrical) coil pairs. In this paper, five different unsymmetrical coil-pairs were investigated to determine their magnetic characteristics. It was found that the position of magnetic null shifts with the changing air-gap for unsymmetrical coil-pairs. By operating the coils in an unsymmetrical coil-pair at a distinct separation, a relatively wider charging zone can be obtained as compared to the symmetrical coil-pair.
Methods for Constructing Symbolic Ensembles from Symbolic Classifiers

Cable locking and sealing device which has a body member to which one end of a cable can be attached with the other end free to pass through a hasp or other device to be sealed or locked and in which the free end can then be inserted into the body member and can be freely moved in a first direction into the body member but which is clamped so that it cannot be removed from the body member in a second direction. Within the body member there is provided an inclined ramp at a small angle formed with a plurality of gear teeth and a locking gear formed with gear teeth which mate with the gear teeth on the rack and is movable along the ramp so as to lock the second end of the cable to the body member when force is exerted on it to remove it from the body member.
2D QM simulation and optimization of decanano non-overlapped MOS devices

Two-dimensional quantum-mechanical (2D QM) simulations of non-overlapped MOS devices are presented, validated through comparison against experimental data. It is shown that 2D QM simulations are needed to accurately predict the experiments and can thus be used to explore the design trade-offs and optimize the performance. Simulations show that nonoverlapped MOS structures can provide an improvement in switching time up to about 50% with respect to conventional approaches.
The price of the CD27–CD70 costimulatory axis: you can't have it all

T cells require costimulatory signals for optimal proliferation, differentiation, and survival and thus to induce protective immune responses. Recent data, however, show that during chronic lymphocyte choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, triggering of the costimulatory receptor CD27 by its ligand CD70 impedes neutralizing antibody production and leads to viral persistence. Thus, while being crucial for the induction of some adaptive effector pathways, costimulation may block the development of others. Pathogens may exploit this Achilles' heal to achieve persistence.
Die gesellschaftliche Entdifferenzierung

Zusammenfassung Im Zusammenhang mit der neuerlich intensivierten Theoriediskussion über die gesellschaftliche Differenzierung erscheint es unter empirischen Gesichtspunkten geboten, die auf die stetige Ausdifferenzierung gesellschaftlicher Teilbereiche gerichtete Betrachtungsweise um die Komponente der Entdifferenzierung sozialer Teilsysteme zu erweitern. Das Drei-Stufen-Konzept der gesellschaftlichen Differenzierung unterscheidet typologisch zwischen undifferenzierten, ausdifferenzierten und entdifferenzierten gesellschaftlichen Teilbereichen. Sein analytischer Interpretationsrahmen ermöglicht gegenüber der Sichtweise gewissermaßen rein unilinearer und für moderne Gesellschaften als charakteristisch unterstellter Ausdifferenzierungsprozesse einen modifizierten Betrachtungsansatz. Die Vorzüge einer um die soziale Entdifferenzierung erweiterten Theorie der gesellschaftlichen Differenzierung liegen vor allem in der Berücksichtigung zentraler sozialer Strukturverschiebungen, die nicht nur unter den Gesichtspunkten der „thematischen Reinigung“, „relativen Autonomie“ und „funktionalen Spezialisierung“, sondern auch vor dem Hintergrund der Strukturmerkmale „relative Heteronomie“, Rollenkompatibilität, Rollentransfer, Übernahme von Fremdfunktionen und Öffentlichkeitsbezug zu klären sind. Es wird versucht, die Elemente der dreiteiligen Strukturtypologie in eine integrierende theoretische Perspektive einzubringen.
Understanding the function of conserved variations in the catalytic loops of fungal glycoside hydrolase family 12

Enzymes that cleave the xyloglucan backbone at unbranched glucose residues have been identified in GH families 5, 7, 12, 16, 44, and 74. Fungi produce enzymes that populate 20 of 22 families that are considered critical for plant biomass deconstruction. We searched for GH12‐encoding genes in 27 Eurotiomycetes genomes. After analyzing 50 GH12‐related sequences, the conserved variations of the amino acid sequences were examined. Compared to the endoglucanases, the endo‐xyloglucanase‐associated YSG deletion at the negative subsites of the catalytic cleft with a SST insertion at the reducing end of the substrate‐binding crevice is highly conserved. In addition, a highly conserved alanine residue was identified in all xyloglucan‐specific enzymes, and this residue is substituted by arginine in more promiscuous glucanases. To understand the basis for the xyloglucan specificity displayed by certain GH12 enzymes, two fungal GH12 endoglucanases were chosen for mutagenesis and functional studies: an endo‐xyloglucanase from Aspergillus clavatus (AclaXegA) and an endoglucanase from A. terreus (AtEglD). Comprehensive molecular docking studies and biochemical analyses were performed, revealing that mutations at the entrance of the catalytic cleft in AtEglD result in a wider binding cleft and the alteration of the substrate‐cleavage pattern, implying that a trio of residues coordinates the interactions and binding to linear glycans. The loop insertion at the crevice‐reducing end of AclaXegA is critical for catalytic efficiency to hydrolyze xyloglucan. The understanding of the structural elements governing endo‐xyloglucanase activity on linear and branched glucans will facilitate future enzyme modifications with potential applications in industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1494–1505. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Piped-water supplies in rural areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: water quality and household perceptions

In the Mekong Delta (MD) in Vietnam, piped-water supply stations are being intensively built to reach the millennium development goal (MDG) to provide safe and clean drinking water resources to communities. However, studies focusing on the effectiveness of supply stations in reaching these goals are scarce to date. Water samples from 41 water supply stations in the MD were collected between June and October 2012. Water samples were analyzed for general parameters, salinity, nutrients, metal(loid)s and microbial indicator bacteria and compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Vietnamese drinking water guidelines. In addition, 542 household interviews were conducted to investigate the connection rate to piped-water and people’s perceptions regarding piped-water supplies. The results show that water guidelines were exceeded for pH (min. 6.2), turbidity (max. 10 FTU), Cl (max. 1,576 mg·L−1), NH4 (max. 7.92 mg·L−1), Fe (431.1 µg·L−1), Hg (11.9 µg·L−1), and microbial indicator bacteria (max. total coliform 50,000 CFU 100 mL−1). Moreover, more than half of the interviewed households with access to a piped-water supply did not use this supply as a source of drinking water due to (i) high connection fees; (ii) preference for other water sources; and (iii) perceived poor quality/quantity. Our study shows that the maintenance and distribution of water supply stations should significantly improve in order for piped-water to become a reliable drinking water source. Additionally, alternatives, such as rainwater harvesting and decentralized treatment facilities, should also be considered.
Effect of Fiber Length on Four Wave Mixing in WDM Optical Fiber Systems

This paper introduces the non linear optical effect known as four wave mixing (FWM). In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems four wave mixing can strongly affect the transmission performance on an optical link. As a result it is important to investigate the impact of FWM on the design and performance of WDM optical communication systems. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the FWM power for different values of fiber length by designing and simulating a model in Optisim. In this paper, we have simulated the FWM design for three waves. The results obtained show that when the optical transmision length is 100 km, 200 km, 300 km, 400 km and 450 km the FWM power is respectively, becomes about 18 dBm, -8 dBm, -28 dBm, -48 dBm and -58 dBm. This result confirms that the fiber nonlinearities play decisive role in the WDM. It is also to be noticed that as the value of optical length increases, FWM component almost reduces to zero.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of Modified Vaccinia Ankara Smallpox Vaccine (MVA-BN®) in 56-80-Year-Old Subjects

Background Modified Vaccinia Ankara MVA-BN® is a live, highly attenuated, viral vaccine under advanced development as a non-replicating smallpox vaccine. In this Phase II trial, the safety and immunogenicity of Modified Vaccinia Ankara MVA-BN® (MVA) was assessed in a 56–80 years old population. Methods MVA with a virus titer of 1 x 108 TCID50/dose was administered via subcutaneous injection to 56–80 year old vaccinia-experienced subjects (N = 120). Subjects received either two injections of MVA (MM group) or one injection of Placebo and one injection of MVA (PM group) four weeks apart. Safety was evaluated by assessment of adverse events (AE), focused physical exams, electrocardiogram recordings and safety laboratories. Solicited AEs consisted of a set of pre-defined expected local reactions (erythema, swelling, pain, pruritus, and induration) and systemic symptoms (body temperature, headache, myalgia, nausea and fatigue) and were recorded on a memory aid for an 8-day period following each injection. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated in terms of humoral immune responses measured with a vaccinia-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) before and at different time points after vaccination. Results Vaccinations were well tolerated by all subjects. No serious adverse event related to MVA and no case of myopericarditis was reported. The overall incidence of unsolicited AEs was similar in both groups. For both groups immunogenicity responses two weeks after the final vaccination (i.e. Visit 4) were as follows: Seroconversion (SC) rates (doubling of titers from baseline) in vaccine specific antibody titers measured by ELISA were 83.3% in Group MM and 82.8% in Group PM (difference 0.6% with 95% exact CI [-13.8%, 15.0%]), and 90.0% for Group MM and 77.6% for Group PM measured by PRNT (difference 12.4% with 95% CI of [-1.1%, 27.0%]). Geometric mean titers (GMT) measured by ELISA two weeks after the final vaccination for Group MM were 804.1 and 605.8 for Group PM (with ratio of GMTs of 1.33 with 95% CI of [0.96, 1.84]). Similarly, GMTs measured by PRNT were 210.3 for Group MM and 126.7 for Group PM (with ratio 1.66 and 95% CI [0.95, 2.90]). Conclusions One or two doses of MVA were safe and immunogenic in a 56–80 years old vaccinia-experienced population. No cases of myopericarditis were observed following vaccinations with MVA. The safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity were similar to that seen in younger (18–55 year old) healthy populations as investigated in other MVA trials. The results suggest that a single dose of MVA in a 56–80 years old population was well tolerated and sufficient to rapidly boost the long-term B cell memory response induced by a prior vaccination with a traditional smallpox vaccine. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00857493
Regional mortality differences in Britain, 1931–87: a two dimensional analysis

Summary In a recent analysis, Illsley, Le Grand & Mullings argued that, over the years 1931–87, regional inequalities in mortality in Britain effectively disappeared for most age groups. The present study reanalyses their data, breaking regional life tables down into their two major components, the level of survivorship, and the shape of the mortality curve. It is shown that whereas there has been a consistent decline in regional inequalities in the level of mortality, there has not been a comparable convergence in the shape of the mortality curves. These shape differences, implaying premature adult mortality, are now the major source of variation among the regions.
Genetic influences on appetite and weight in infancy

The aim of this thesis is to test one of the assumptions of the behavioural susceptibility model of weight that inherited differences in appetite are already present in infancy, and that shared genetic effects are contributing to associations with weight from very early on in life. Data from a British birth cohort of 2402 families with infant twins (Gemini) were used to explore associations between appetite and weight, assess genetic influences on appetite, and examine shared genetic pathways underlying appetite and weight. Study 1 describes the development of a parent-report psychometric measure of infant appetite during the period of exclusive milk-feeding. Four underlying dimensions were identified – ‘enjoyment of food’ (EF), ‘food responsiveness’ (FR), ‘slowness in eating’ (SE), ‘satiety responsiveness’ (SR), along with a single general item that correlated with all traits (‘appetite size’, AS). Study 2 established that all traits were significantly associated with higher weight at 3 months and greater increase in weight from birth to 3 months. Study 3 used the twin design to demonstrate moderate to high heritability for all traits (EF: 83%; FR: 59%; SE: 84%; SR: 72%; AS: 77%). Study 4 showed common genetic influence on EF, SE and SR, which explained 78% of the covariation between them, and Study 5 demonstrated common genetic influence between the two satiety-related traits (SE and SR) and weight. Finally, Study 6 was an in-depth exploration of a single case of an infant with extreme appetitive avidity whose parents were forced to exert drastic control measures to avoid severe overeating. This thesis provides evidence for a behavioural susceptibility model of weight because inherited individual differences in appetite are present from early infancy, are phenotypically associated with weight, and share common genetic pathways with weight. Inherited differential susceptibility to the obesogenic environment may be contributing to variability in childhood adiposity.