Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Remotely triggered earthquakes in South-Central Tibet following the 2004 Mw 9.1 Sumatra and 2005 Mw 8.6 Nias earthquakes

S U M M A R Y We conduct a systematic search for remotely triggered earthquakes in South-Central Tibet following the 2004 December 26 Mw 9.1 Sumatra and 2005 March 28 Mw 8.6 Nias earthquakes. We apply a Network Waveform Matched Filter Technique (NWMFT) to continuous seismic data recorded by the Hi-CLIMB array to obtain more complete earthquake catalogues in this region. Local earthquakes with magnitudes up to 4 were triggered during the large-amplitude surface waves, and most of them occurred in Gaize immediately north of the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone separating the Lhasa and Qiangtang Terranes. The triggered seismicity lasted 50 hr following the Sumatra and a few hours following the Nias main shocks, respectively. The difference in triggering durations could be explained by the fact that the Sumatra main shock excited long-duration surface waves with cumulative energy density 15 times more than that of the Nias main shock. In both cases, the transient increase in seismicity is followed by a moderate transient decrease, likely reflecting a ‘dynamic shadow effect’, where there is a temporary lack of seismic events following the remotely triggered seismicity. In comparison, we do not find any clear evidence of dynamic triggering (with a magnitude of completeness Mc = 1.7) in the Zhongba region, where a Mw 6.3 normal faulting earthquake occurred 10 d after the 2005 Nias event.
Expedition 303/306 synthesis: North Atlantic climate

The sites occupied during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 303/306 were chosen to recover late Miocene to Quaternary records of North Atlantic environmental variability at elevated mean sedimentation rates from locations appropriate for oxygen isotope (δ18O) and relative paleointensity (RPI) stratigraphies. The overall objective is to correlate these climate/paleoceanographic records to two (ostensibly) independent global stratigraphic signals (δ18O and RPI), thereby enhancing stratigraphic resolution. One site at Orphan Knoll (Site U1302/U1303) provided a proximal record of Laurentide Ice Sheet instability for the Brunhes Chron. Three sites from the Eirik Drift (Sites U1305, U1306, and U1307) provided records of the strength and location of the Western Boundary Undercurrents well as monitors of Greenland Ice Sheet instability back into the Pliocene. Poor weather over the Erik Drift during the second phase of drilling (Expedition 306) precluded the planned return that would have further enhanced knowledge of the history of the drift. Three sites (U1308, U1312, and U1313) constituted reoccupations of classic paleoceanographic sites drilled in 1983 during Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 94. Although poor weather compromised the record at Site U1312, the new drilling at Sites U1308 and U1313 provided complete sections to the Pliocene and late Miocene, respectively, that were not available from Leg 94. Site U1308 provided evidence for “Hudson Strait” Heinrich Events in the eastern North Atlantic from the end of the middle Pleistocene transition (~640 ka). One site on the central part of the Gardar Drift (Site U1314) and one site at the southern tip of the Gardar Drift (Site U1304) provided high-resolution deepwater paleoceanographic records that can be linked with shallower water drift sites in the Iceland Basin, drilled during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 162. Site U1315, located on the Vøring Plateau, was drilled to 179 meters below seafloor. Instruments to monitor seafloor temperature variations resulting from bottom current changes were installed with a circulation obviation retrofit kit to seal the borehole.
Çok Düzeyli İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile 2006 PISA Fen Bilimleri Performansının İncelenmesi

The aim of this research is to check on the performances Turkish students as displayed in 2006-PISA sciences test according to their student and school levels and whether there are any similarities between the results of HLM and Mplus software prepared for multilevel analysis methods. As the common results of two programs have been evaluated regarding whether 2006- PISA Sciences test performances of Turkish students differ according to student and school levels, data obtained from multilevel analysis programs shows that all variables at the school level influenced 2006-PISA Sciences performances of students. Whether or not there is any similarity between the results of HLM and Mplus programs which are prepared for multilevel analysis methods has been examined and it was found that both programs produce similar results.
Study of the Kinetics of Vanadium (II)/(III) Redox Reaction

Background Today, our daily energy resource are mainly came from fossil fuels. Due to excessive utilization fossil fuels are rapidly depleted. Consumption of fossil fuel also leads to global warming. Development of renewable energy, energy storage, and efficient energy conversion become important. Many energy storages are under development. Vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) is one of the promising batteries for grid scale energy storage application.
Electrophoretic studies of cod (Gadus morhua) from Faroe Bank and Faroe Plateau compared with results found in other distribution areas.

The Faroe Bank covers a relatively small area with water masses fairly well isolated from the water masses on the Faroe Plateau. Individual growth of cod on the Faroe Bank is higher than observed in almost all other areas in the world. It has been shown that there are morpho- and physiological differences between cod from the Faroe Bank and cod on the Faroe Plateau. In this paper results from electrophoretic studies are presented. In the genetic analyses there were no differences between cod living on the Faroe Plateau and on the Faroe Bank. This genetic similarity is caused by migration between the areas. No differences were detected in allele frequencies neither between the two sexes nor among different year classes neither within nor between the two populations. The results also show that there were no differences in mean size of cod within genotypes or among loci. Indication of the genetic similarity between cod living on the Faroe Plateau and the Faroe Bank is in agreement with results found in similar investigations of Atlantic cod elsewhere . Results from electrophoretic investigations of cod stocks in the North Atlantic show great genetic uniformity where local variations within populations often exceed variations between populations.
Effects of land use changes on soil properties in Wolong Nature Reserve

Natural secondary succession, forest planting and agricultural practices after deforestation or human disturbance affect soil properties in many aspects. Characterizing soil nutrients in relation to land use/land cover types and history is important for understanding how ecosystems work and assess the effects of future land use change. A study was initiated in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan province, China to elucidate the complex relationships in the humid mountainous region. Six typical ecosystems (natural forestland, grassland, shrubby land, secondary forestland, cultivated land and reforested land) were compared.Significant differences among land use were found for soil bulk density (BD), total nitrogen (TN). Cultivated land had the lowest levels for most soil nutrients compared to other ecosystems and shrubby land had a higher soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN). There was no much difference in 0-40 cm soil carbon mass between different land use practices. Soil carbon storage (TC) of different land use indicated that land use had a greater effect on SOC greater than on BD. The comprehensive soil deterioration index (DI) showed that the cultivated land, grassland and reforested land had the lower and negative values, while the shrubby land and secondary forestland had positive values, 12% and 1% respectively. The results gave a hint that in areas where the climate is fit for secondary succession "leave the nature as it is" is a better choice for the policy of "returning farmland to forest land" in China especially for the mountainous region lack of labor and finance support. Five reforestation periods were arranged from 0-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and 41-50 years. The results showed that reforestation could greatly change soil properties. The BD, SOC and TN were significantly different between the reforested periods, but the pH, TK, AN, AP and AK showed no significant trends.Further studies on the relationship of reforestation and the soil properties gave the results that the TC and TN had a good linear relationship with the reforested years and the DI index increased since reforestation.
Preliminary Analysis and Normative Data of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in Adolescent and Adults of Santiago, Chile Análisis Preliminar y Datos Normativos del Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en Adolescentes y Adultos de la Ciudad de Santiago de Chile

The present study reports the preliminary analyses and normative data of the State-Trate anxiety inventory (Spielberger, Gorusch & Lushene, 1970), for a Chilean, general population sample. Data were obtained from a total sample of 1488 people, between 13 and 60 years old. A high internal consistency for STAI-S . 92 and for STAI-T . 87 is reported. Two factors were obtained from the confi rmatory factorial analysis. Finally, analyses of the means were carried out, obtaining normative data for the total sample, differentiated by sex, and for the adolescents and adults sample.
Increasing role of tourism in Finnish national parks.

While the role of traditional livelihoods has decreased, tourism has become an important tool for regional development in northern peripheral areas, and the economic and political expectations have increased. National parks have become attractive tourist destinations also in Finland. This article analyses how the central stakeholders – park authorities, tourists and tourism entrepreneurs – perceive the role of tourism in Finnish national parks. Parks are understood as spaces constructed by historical and social practices; the role of tourism is thus neither historically nor culturally unchanging or indisputable. By analysing planning documents and interviews, the study identifies four discourses that define the interaction between nature conservation and tourism in Finnish parks: 1) national parks as conservation areas, 2) national parks as tourist destinations, 3) national parks as destinations of sustainable nature-based tourism, and 4) national parks as resources for local people. The study indicates that the role of tourism has increased in national parks in Finland. Nowadays the aim is to integrate the ecological goals of nature conservation and the economic goals of nature-based tourism by implementing the principles of sustainability. The possible effects of the recent discursive shift on the future development of protected areas are also discussed in the article.
SNP Data Analysis in Genome-Wide Association Studies

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a popular strategy in studying complex diseases. GWAS genotypes 10 ∼ 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from thousands of individuals. Compared to traditional “candidate gene” studies, in which a limited number of genetic variants are assayed, GWAS provides a much wider coverage across the human genome and enables us to identify more genetic variants associated with diseases. By October 2010, there are about 700 publications that have reported around 3000 SNPs associated with 150 diseases or complex traits. Despite of the success of GWAS, most of these findings only explain a small portion of genetic contributions to complex diseases. For example, all of 18 SNPs identified in type 2 diabetes (T2D) only account for about 6% of the inherited risk. There is still a large portion of disease/trait heritability which remains unexplained. Recent GWAS publications name this unexplained heritability as missing heritability. Possible reasons for the missing heritability have been discussed recently, e.g., detecting gene-gene interactions and SNPs with relatively small effects is not fruitful. We address the issue of finding the missing heritability in the thesis as follows: First, we consider the issue of detecting gene-gene interactions which are believed as ubiquitous components of the biological pathways that underlie complex diseases. Gene-Gene interactions happen when their joint effects deviate from the simple summation of their individual effects. Before we investigate this topic, there is a stepwise way to detect gene-gene interactions based on SNP data, which is computationally feasible. It first analyzes one SNP at a time to evaluate the single SNP effect (i.e., the marginal effect of a single SNP) and then selects those SNPs with large marginal effects to check their interaction effects. Because a single SNP with weak effect on the disease risk may show a large joint effect with some other SNPs due to their interaction, this stepwise approach will miss a lot of genetic information. In order to guarantee that no strong interactions are missed, examination of all SNP pairs across the whole genome is needed, which would be computationally intensive. For example, we need to evaluate 1.25× 10 SNP pairs for 500,000 SNPs. We have developed a fast computational method named “BOolean Operation based Screening and Testing” (BOOST) to address this issue. BOOST can finish all tests
CAPITAL REGION STUDY (WINNIPEG AND SURROUNDING AREAS) UPDATE AND STRATIGRAPHIC DRILLING 2002, MANITOBA

SUMMARY The distribution of crushed stone resources in Manitoba’s Capital Region area, primarily within formations of Ordovician age, have been determined from the examination of quarries, outcrops, water-well and corehole data. As a result of the compilation of this data, new depth to bedrock, bedrock topography, geology and mineral potential maps (1:50 000 scale) are being released in final format, accompanying a geological report (NTS map sheets 62H10, 11, 14 and 15 and 62I2, 3, 6 and 7). Six areas of high crushed stone potential were identified in and around the Capital Region. One site was identified within the City of Winnipeg, after the Manitoba Geological Survey drilled the prospective area. Contour mapping had determined that it was an area of shallow overburden thickness. All six areas should be protected from conflicting development and land sterilization.
Heat Conduction in Dissimilar Rocks and the Use of Thermal Models

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS If two bodies with different temperature are in contact with one another, the temperatures will gradually equalize themselves. Fourier’s general differential equation covers all possible variables affecting the thermal history of the two masses. Such an equation, however, is not directly useable, and particular solutions must be sought which will encompass the conditions in a given problem. In such a solution, it is generally necessary to make simplifying assumptions in order to treat the problem mathematically. The resulting particular solution is commonly only an approximation, though such an approximation may be very close to actual conditions. The fewer the simplifications introduced in any problem, the more accurate will be the answer, but the more complex the treatment becomes. In applying the theory of heat conduction to geologic problems, interest is in the general picture rather than in the minutiae; but, though a rough sketch is far better than .
A new method for SAR speckle noise reduction (CST filter)

Les donnees obtenues a partir d'un radar a antenne synthetique (RAS) presentent, en principe, du chatoiement. Le chatoiement est particulierement important dans les donnees traitees avec un petit nombre de visees. Dans le present article, les auteurs proposent une nouvelle methode destinee a reduire le chatoiement. Il s'agit d'une methode de filtrage fondee sur une loi de chi carre. En posant comme principe que l'on peut estimer la distribution du bruit observe a l'aide d'une distribution theorique, cette methode consiste a determiner si un pixel cible appartient ou non a une cible homogene, puis a attenuer le bruit uniquement pour les pixels affectes par le chatoiement. La methode proposee, ainsi que cinq autre methodes destinees a reduire le chatoiement, ont ete appliquees a des images RAS simulees et a des donnees reelles JERS-1 obtenues a l'aide d'un RAS. La comparaison de l'ensemble des images filtrees a permis de confirmer que la methode proposee constituait la meilleure methode pour reproduire la valeur moyenne des cibles homogenes. Bien que cette methode ne fasse appel a aucun modele pour conserver les cibles structurees, les contours et les cibles ponctuelles ont ete conserves, aussi bien que d'autres filtres concus precisement pour conserver les structures.
Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in

Using a novel interpretation of dynamic networks, we analyse the network of livestock movements in Great Britain in order to determine the risk of a large epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). This network is exceptionally well characterized, as there are legal requirements that the date, source, destination and number of animals be recorded and held on central databases. We identify a percolation threshold in the structure of the livestock network, indicating that, while there is little possibility of a national epidemic of FMD in winter when the catastrophic 2001 epidemic began, there remains a risk in late summer or early autumn. These predictions are corroborated by a non-parametric simulation in which the movements of livestock in 2003 and 2004 are replayed as they occurred. Despite the risk, we show that the network displays small-world properties which can be exploited to target surveillance and control and drastically reduce this risk.
Numerical Study of Macropore Impact on Ponded Infiltration in Clay Soils

The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D ( Simůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were used to simulate variably-saturated water movement in clay soils with and without macropores. Numerical simulations of water flow for several scenarios of probable macropore compositions show a considerable impact of preferential flow on water infiltration in such soils. Preferential flow must be considered to predict water recharge in clay soils.
THE INFLUENCE OF NEARSHORE SAND BANKS ON COASTAL HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT, NORTHERN COAST OF FRANCE

Tidal sand banks are common along the coast of the eastern English Channel and southern North Sea where they form linear shore-parallel or slightly oblique sand bodi es in a wide range of water depths, from shallow co astal areas to depths of several tens of meters. Analyses of bathy metry changes revealed different behaviors in nears hore bank evolution that led to contrasting shoreline change along the coast. These analyses showed that at a ti me-scale of several decades, sand banks undergo significant morphological changes and commonly experience longshore as well as onshore migration. The longshore migration of the b anks can be explained by the action of shore-parall el tidal currents, while their landward movement is attributed to stor m waves that are responsible for onshore sediment motion across the bank crests. Wave propagation and sediment tran sport modeling and in situ hydrodynamic measurements show that nearshore sand banks strongly influence circulation and sediment transport in the coastal zone, and co ntrol wave energy distribution along the coast. Our observatio ns clearly show that nearshore sand banks can have very different effects on coastal hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics, depending on the depth, orientation and distan ce of the bank to the coast. The changing position of sand banks c onsequently results in progressive modifications of wave refraction, circulation and sediment transport in the coastal z one.
Basinal Configuration And Intrasediment Intrusives As Revealed By Aeromagnetics Data Of South East Sector Of Mamfe Basin, Nigeria.

Five aeromagnetic maps on a scale of 1:100,000 were analysed using the horizontal gradient magnitude and 2.5D forward modeling method in the South east Sector of mamfe basin Nigeria. The data was manually digitized and filtered using polynomial fitting method to obtain a residual map, reduction to the pole was done after map merging prior to filtering. The HDep and Saki softwares were used in determining the sediments thickness, types of intrusive, and basin configuration. The results identified (17) seventeen intrusives and the basin configuration made of horst and graben structures, the sediment thickness from both methods range between 0.5km–4.3km, the areas with the highest accumulation of sediments (2.6km – 4.3km) is within Edor area in Bansara, these area also has three major intrusives which may serve as a source of heat for thermal maturation or over maturation of these sediments.
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

: The present study spotlights on how effectively the cement companies in Tamilnadu deal with and measures their solvency. The study detained to Cement Companies like KCP Cement Company, Madras Cement Company and India Cement Company. The Companies are located in Tamilnadu. The overall act of the selected cement companies are evaluated through their solvency positions.
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

Digital watermarking is a technology being developed to ensure and facilitate data authentication, security and copyright protection of digital media. We have studied about watermarking technique for authentication of cloud users. We propose to use both secure sharing and watermarking schemes to protect users’ data in the media cloud. The secure sharing scheme allows users to upload multiple data pieces to different clouds, making it impossible to derive the whole information from any one cloud. In addition, the proposed scalable watermarking algorithm can be used for authentications between personal mobile users and the media cloud. This paper provides the literature survey about what is done regarding Watermark authentication, Secret sharing of data in multiple clouds, Reed Solomon Code for transmission errors in digital watermark.
International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies

: Cloud computing provides the facility to store and manage data remotely. The volume of information is increasing per day. The owners choose to store the sensitive data on the cloud storage. To protect the data from unauthorized accesses, the data must be uploaded in encrypted form. Due to large amount of information is stored on the cloud storage; the association between the documents is hiding when the documents are encrypted. It is necessary to design a search technique which gives the results on the basis of the similarity values of the encrypted documents. In this paper a cosine similarity clustering method is proposed to make the clusters of similar documents based on the cosine values of the document vectors. We also proposed a MRSE-CSI model used to search the documents which are in encrypted form. The proposed search technique only finds the cluster of documents with the highest similarity value instead of searching on the whole dataset. Processing the dataset on two algorithms shows that the time needed to form the clusters in the proposed method is less. When the documents in the dataset increases, the time needed to form clusters also increases. The result of the search shows that increasing the documents also increases the search time of the proposed method.