Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rates of Delayed Rebleeding From Intracranial Aneurysms Are Low After Surgical and Endovascular Treatment

Background and Purpose— Although results of the randomized International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial suggested that coil embolization was superior to surgical clipping 1 year after treatment, a paucity of data on long-term outcomes has been a major concern. Methods— In an ambidirectional cohort study, 9 institutions with expertise in intracranial aneurysm treatment identified all ruptured saccular aneurysms treated 1996 to 1998. After an initial medical record review, all patients meeting entry criteria were contacted by postal questionnaire or telephone. Possible reruptures were adjudicated independently by a neurologist, a neurosurgeon, and a neurointerventional radiologist. Rates of delayed (>1 year) and early rerupture and retreatment were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test. Results— A total of 1010 patients (711 surgically clipped, 299 treated with coil embolization) were included. Patients treated with coil embolization were older, more likely to have smaller aneurysms arising from the posterior circulation, and less likely to have middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Rerupture of the index aneurysm after 1 year occurred in 1 patient treated with coil embolization during 904 person-years of follow-up (annual rate 0.11%) and in no patients treated with surgical clipping during 2666 person-years (P=0.11). Aneurysm retreatment after 1 year was more frequent in patients treated with coil embolization (P<0.0001), but major complications were rare during retreatment. Conclusions— Rerupture of aneurysms treated by either coil embolization or surgical clipping is rare after the first year. Late retreatment is more common after coil embolization than after clipping but complication rates are low. Thus, late events are unlikely to overwhelm differences between procedures at 1-year follow-up.
Meiosis in Coprinus. VIII. A time-course study of the fusion and division of the spindle pole body during meiosis

The time-course study of meiosis in the fungus Coprinus cinereus (C. lagopus) by electron microscopy reveals that two monoglobular spindle pole bodies (SPB's) of prekaryogamy nuclei come together during karyogamy and are fused. The fusion SPB of postkaryogamy nucleus persists through zygotene and pachytene as evidenced by the presence of axial components and synaptonemal complexes. At early diplotene, the SPB divides. The divided SPB takes on a diglobular form, which grows in size to form two daughter SPB's. These separate and move to opposite poles at metaphase I.
A Behavioural Genetic Model of the Mechanisms Underlying the Link Between Obesity and Dimensional Measures of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate genetic and psycho-behavioural mechanisms contributing to the strong ADHD symptom-obesity association. Genetic variants associated with hypo-dopaminergic functioning have been implicated in ADHD, particularly the 7-repeat allele of a VNTR located on the DRD4 gene, likely due to the receptor’s predominance in the prefrontal cortex. Based on this evidence, some experts have suggested that a shared aetiology of a dysfunctional dopamine (DA) system is responsible for the link. However, this conflicts with accumulating evidence that it is actually an amplified DA signal that increases the risk for overeating and weight gain due to a stronger appetitive response to food cues. It seems plausible that individuals with ADHD symptoms who are predisposed overeat are those who also possess a high sensitivity to, and greater motivation to seek out, rewarding stimuli, as reflected by increased DA availability in the brain reward pathways. Accordingly, the current study tested the hypothesis that symptoms of ADHD, predicted by hypo-dopaminergic functioning in the prefrontal cortex, in combination with an enhanced appetitive drive, predict hedonic eating, and in turn, higher BMI. Methods: Functional markers of the DRD2 and DRD4 were genotyped to determine their contributions to ADHD symptoms and various indices of hedonic eating, respectively. The model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling procedures in a general population sample (n=421 adults) representing a broad range of body mass index (BMI) values. Results: Overall, the fit indices indicated that the proposed model was a good fit to the data. Controlling for education level, all parameter estimates were in the expected direction and
Generic object recognition using automatic region extraction and dimensional feature integration utilizing multiple kernel learning

Recently, in generic object recognition research, a classification technique based on integration of image features is garnering much attention. However, with a classifying technique using feature integration, there are some features that may cause incorrect recognition of objects and a large amount of noise that causes a degradation in the recognition accuracy of image data. In this paper, we propose feature selection in an object area that is restricted by removing its background region, and multiple kernel learning (MKL) to weight each dimension, as well as the features themselves. This enables accurate and effective weighting since the weight is computed for each dimension using the selected feature. Experimental results indicate the validity of automatic feature selection. Classification performance is improved by using a background removing technique that utilizes saliency maps and graph cuts, and each dimensional weighting method using MKL.
A novel architecture for inductive proximity sensors using sigma delta modulation

This paper presents a novel architecture for inductive proximity sensors using sigma delta modulation. The LC-oscillator is included in the sigma delta control loop providing amplitude regulation and high precision analog-to-digital conversion in one block. The circuit consists of a new LC-oscillator suitable for clocked tail current injection, two SC integrators and a clocked comparator forming the sigma delta modulator and a PLL providing the clock for synchron amplitude sampling. The circuit was realized in a 0.8 mum CMOS technology of the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems. Measurements show the capability of the system to distinguish even smallest differences in the target distance.
LOOKING AT ONESELF AS INNER DIALOGUE

The authors investigate from the theoretical and empirical viewpoints the varieties of self-reflection, that is, directing one's mind to oneself. The theoretical model describes systemic reflection (looking at oneself from aside) as distinct from mere introspection. An empirical study based on writing brief essays "I look at myself from aside…" with subsequent expert coding revealed four empirical types of self-descriptions that correspond well to the theoretical model. True inner dialogue unfolds only in the case of systemic self-reflection, when self-detachment is combined with self- involvement. Construct validity of the scheme is proven through the analysis of correlations and comparison of different samples of participants
The harmfulness or harmlessness of using an anticipatory regressor: how dangerous is it to use education achieved as of 1990 in the analysis of divorce risks in earlier years?

The case studies [for Sweden] presented in this paper show that the chance of making a sensible analysis of the effect of education on divorce risks may be ruined for women who marry as teenagers if the educational variable is measured only at the end of the study period. By contrast these adverse effects seem to be unimportant once the age at marriage is 20 or more. (EXCERPT)
Regionally Specific Tasks of Non-Western English Language Use

Many English tests based on Western culture are inappropriate for regions where English use differs from that of Europe and North America. In these non-Western settings, it is desirable that English assessments be based on real-world English use. Therefore, identifying tasks of non-Western English language use is a beginning step in developing culturally appropriate English language tests. This cross-cultural sociolinguistic research is part of a larger project involving semi-structured interviews with twenty-nine English teachers from Uganda, Kenya, Sudan, the Arabian Gulf, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, India, Singapore, and the Philippines. In this report three task descriptions of non-Western English language use are identified, categorized by domain, setting, and language skill, based on Baine's (1988) ecological inventory. A confirmation survey was utilized to identify three tasks of non-Western English language use (in home, work, and community domains) that are culturally appropriate for assessment in some non-Western regions. Informants' comments from the interviews address reasons for considering these tasks as culturally inappropriate in other non-Western regions and thus give insight as to how they may be reworded to be appropriate in those regions. "Culturally inappropriate" in this research refers to offensiveness as well as being outside of established sociopragmatic use.
Incidence of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Premature Deaths Due to Coronary Heart Disease

Cholesterol estimations were performed on blood collected postmortem from a group of subjects coming to autopsy and showing that they had had a high risk for hypercholesterolaemia, and from an unselected group of subjects dying in hospital. Subjects from the first group had apparently been healthy, aged < 45 years, had had no known risk factors for hyperlipidaemia, and showed extensive coronary artery atheroma (stenosis > 50% by diameter). Eleven cases from 485 consecutive autopsies fulfilled these criteria; three showed considerable hypercholesterolaemia (11.2, 11.8, and 21.6 mmol/L). Family studies confirmed the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia in one case; the other two remain unproven. Cholesterol measurement by cholesterol oxidase and quinoneimine dye production is subject to interference by haemolysis; provided that serum haemoglobin is < 200 mg/ dl, the cholesterol underestimate is < 5%. The decline in serum cholesterol in the group of unselected subjects was 1.7 (0.3- 4.9) mmol/L, 50.4 (28-84) h postmortem. Results are means and ranges for seven subjects. Measurement of cholesterol in serum obtained postmortem (provided that the sample is not grossly haemolysed) is a valid approximation of antemortem levels: this measurement should be made when autopsy reveals evidence of premature coronary heart disease. If hypercholesterolaemia is discovered, the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia, a common genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, should be considered and appropriate family studies instituted
Effects of austerity measures taken in the present crisis the oxymoron of expansive austerity

Eight years after all this started, I have analysed the results of the decisions and policies taken by economic authorities to achieve an idea of their effectivity. By focusing on the austerity measures implemented in the EU and the US, I have analysed if those measures helped the economy recover or just made the situation worse. Using a Neo-Classical version of Mankiw’s 3-equation Model, but with some adjustments to get more realistic results, I analysed if the policy choices taken from a classic point of view could have been out bested by more Keynesian policies to bring the economy back on its feet. Resum Vuit anys després que esclatés la crisis més gran des de la gran depressió, aquest treball mira enrere per observar els resultats de les solucions emprades per part de les autoritats econòmiques i així poder analitzar la seva efectivitat. Centrant-se en les polítiques de la UE i els EEUU per poder concloure si varen ser les adequades o si, d’altre banda, tan sols van empitjorar la situació econòmica. Utilitzant una versió neoclàssica del model de Mankiw de 3 equacions, però amb ajustos que, des d’un punt de vista més keynesià, aporten més realisme al model, analitzo si amb polítiques de caire més keynesià, s’haguessin pogut millorar els resultats causats per les polítiques d’austeritat per tal de fer front a la crisi financera.
Sensorless Control of IM for Limp-Home Mode EV Applications

This paper presents a novel speed estimation scheme for induction motors (IMs) based on back electromotive-force model reference adaptive system (back-EMF MRAS). The scheme is employed for the purpose of sensorless fault-tolerant torque-controlled drives used in a limp-home mode operation in electric vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed scheme was experimentally tested on a laboratory dynamometer using a 19-kW IM and a 29-kW controller, which are both currently used in the automotive industry for EV applications. The scheme was also implemented on an electric golf buggy which was equipped with a 5-kW IM. A performance comparison was carried out between the proposed and conventional back-EMF MRAS schemes for starting from standstill, sensitivity to parameter variations and constant speed operation with load variations. Utilizing the golf buggy, the behaviors of the new scheme was separately investigated for vehicle starting from standstill, wide speed range including field weakening region, and hill-starting operations. The proposed scheme is computationally easy to implement, robust against sensitivity to parameters variations, inverter nonlinearity and errors due to digitization in the field weakening region. This scheme is not only consistent for vehicle starting from standstill, it also provides a reliable vehicle-drive in the field weakening region and during vehicle hill-starting. The dynamometer and vehicle test-drive results show the suitability of the proposed scheme for the purpose of EV fault-tolerant limp-home mode operation.
Providing a VHDL-interface for proof systems

When integrating formal methods into the design process, VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) is unavoidable. A VHDL front end for the proof system LAMBDA is presented. The idea is to provide support for almost the full VHDL language and to generate executable ML descriptions that closely resemble the original VHDL programs. Choosing a purely functional approach has the benefit that the generated programs can be animated. This improves the testability of the translator. <<ETX>>
Chapter # IMAGE FUSION USING THE EXPECTATION-MAXIMIZATION ALGORITHM AND A GAUSSIAN MIXTURE MODEL

1. INTRODUCTION Image fusion refers the process of combining multiple images of a scene to obtain a single composite image [1-4]. The different images to be fused can come from different sensors of the same basic type or they may come from different types of sensors. The composite image should contain a more useful description of the scene than provided by any of the individual source images. This fused image should be more useful for human visual or machine perception. In recent years, image fusion has become an important and useful technique for image analysis, computer vision [4-7], concealed weapon detection (CWD) [8,9], and autonomous landing guidance (ALG) [10-11]. A simple image fusion method is to take the average of the source images pixel by pixel. While simple this approach can produce several undesired side effects including reduced contrast. In recent years, many researchers recognized that multiscale transforms are very useful for analyzing the information content of images for the purpose of fusion [12-14]. Several multiscale transforms have become very popular. These include t he Laplacian pyramid transform [15], the contrast pyramid transform [16-17], the gradient pyramid transform [18], and the wavelet transform [12,14,19]. At the same time, some sophisticated image fusion approaches based on
Average bit error rate of best relay selection protocol for cooperative wireless networks over independent nonidentical Nakagami-m channels

This paper investigates the average bit error rate performance for cooperative wireless communication schemes over independent nonidentical Nakagami-m fading channels with arbitrary fading parameters. The network consists of multiple dual-hop nonregenerative relays in addition to a direct path to achieve the cooperative diversity with maximal ratio combining at the destination. The average bit error rate was studied for different coherent binary signal constellations. The joint cumulative distribution function was derived for fixed gain relay and channel state information with upper and lower bounds for exact and approximate solutions. The proposed mathematical analysis are complimented by numerical results for the average bit error rate; including the effect of fading severity of the channel, number of acting relays, and transmitted signal-to-noise ratio.
Controlling the Bureaucracy among the States

This article examines the attitudes of state administrators, executives, and legislators toward proposals for controlling the bureaucracy. Respondents were queried in regard to executive control, pluralism, professionalism, and representative bureaucracy. While a self-interest thesis is to some extent present (preference linkages between administrators and professionalism, executives and executive control, and legislators and pluralism), it is neither exclusive nor overwhelming. Governmental elites show a great deal of uniformity in their attitudes toward the various approaches suggested for controlling the bureaucracy. Occupational and political characteristics appear to possess relatively little explanatory power with regard to these administrative matters.
Performance-based funding: State policy influences on small rural community colleges

ABSTRACT Performance-based funding (PBF) models intend to increase efficiency and productivity of the institution, thereby influencing organizational change. This change may be structural, programmatic, or procedural, and it may affect institutional practice and/or policy. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the organizational impacts of a state performance-based funding policy on four small rural community colleges, as described by the leadership teams. Findings include direct impacts of the PBF policy on the college operations, programming, improvement efforts, and on perceptions of the college itself.
A discrete choice experiment to determine UK patient preference for attributes of disease modifying treatments in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Aims: The recent licensing of Disease Modifying Treatments (DMTs) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has increased available treatment options. The aim of this study was to explore MS patients’ preference for the different attributes of DMTs in the UK. Materials and methods: Attributes (treatment characteristics) for inclusion in the discrete choice experiment (DCE) were determined through published literature and interviews with 12 people with MS. Seven attributes were selected. Participants were presented with three hypothetical treatment options sampled from included attributes and asked for their most/least preferred options. The influence of patient characteristics and demographics on patient preference was also investigated. Results: The DCE was completed by 350 people with MS (81% female, mean age = 39). Results showed that method of taking medication was the strongest determinant of preference (27%; relative importance out of 100%), followed by relapse free rate (21%) and symptom progression (14%). Risk of fatigue (8%) and type of monitoring (6%) were the weakest determinants of preference. Once-daily oral treatment was preferred over all other methods of administration. Participant characteristics did not influence data on strength of preference. Limitations: This study assumed adequate participant understanding of the discrete choice experiment task, and recruitment targeted those with access to the internet. Conclusions: These results, derived from people with MS in the UK, should be used to inform individual discussions with patients about DMT choices.
The economic basis of periodic enzyme dynamics

Periodic enzyme activities can improve the metabolic performance of cells. As an adaptation to periodic environments or by driving metabolic cycles that can shift fluxes and rearrange metabolic processes in time to increase their efficiency. To study what benefits can ensue from rhythmic gene expression or posttranslational modification of enzymes, I propose a theory of optimal enzyme rhythms in periodic or static environments. The theory is based on kinetic metabolic models with predefined metabolic objectives, scores the effects of harmonic enzyme oscillations, and determines amplitudes and phase shifts that maximise cell fitness. In an expansion around optimal steady states, the optimal enzyme profiles can be computed by solving a quadratic optimality problem. The formulae show how enzymes can increase their efficiency by oscillating in phase with their substrates and how cells can benefit from adapting to external rhythms and from spontaneous, intrinsic enzyme rhythms. Both types of behaviour may occur different parameter regions of the same model. Optimal enzyme profiles are not passively adapted to existing substrate rhythms, but shape them actively to create opportunities for further fitness advantage: in doing so, they reflect the dynamic effects that enzymes can exert in the network. The proposed theory combines the dynamics and economics of metabolic systems and shows how optimal enzyme profiles are shaped by network structure, dynamics, external rhythms, and metabolic objectives. It covers static enzyme adaptation as a special case, reveals the conditions for beneficial metabolic cycles, and predicts optimally combinations of gene expression and posttranslational modification for creating enzyme rhythms.
Results of retroviral and adenoviral approaches to cancer gene therapy

Genetic modification for cancer treatment has involved the introduction of chemotherapy protection and sensitization genes into normal and tumor cells, respectively, for the purpose improving the outcome of conventional approaches to the treatment of solid tumor neoplasms. This paper will review the use of multidrug resistance‐1 retroviral vectors and cytosine deaminase adenoviral prodrug activation vectors for this purpose.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

Introduction: Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, and represents a disease of the modern age, disease of the 21st century. Prevention of this disease is listed as imperative. Aim of this article was to evaluate questionnaires on the assessment of risk factors for Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Material and Methods: A total of 540 questionnaires handed out randomly to citizens of Canton Sarajevo of all ages, sexes and educational levels (in January 2016) were analyzed. Results: Analyzed questionnaires showed relatively low risk of getting diabetes in the next ten years in the majority of the population. These results are rather encouraging but may in some way be in confrontation with the statistics which show a rapid outburst of diabetes. Conclusion: The life-style is the main reason for such a thing to happen, and looking at these questionnaires, we might get the feeling that we really do live in a, conditionally speaking, physically active society. That, from our everyday experience is not entirely true. It would be wise to continue doing research on this topic on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Reducing the Granularity of a Computational Lexicon via an Automatic Mapping to a Coarse-Grained Sense Inventory

WordNet is the reference sense inventory of most of the current Word Sense Disambiguation systems. Unfortunately, it encodes too fine-grained distinctions, making it difficult even for humans to solve the ambiguity of words in context. In this paper, we present a method for reducing the granularity of the WordNet sense inventory based on the mapping to a manually crafted dictionary encoding sense groups, namely the Oxford Dictionary of English. We assess the quality of the mapping and discuss the potential of the method.