Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p107 inhibits G1 to S phase progression by down-regulating expression of the F-box protein Skp2

Cell cycle progression is negatively regulated by the pocket proteins pRb, p107, and p130. However, the mechanisms responsible for this inhibition are not fully understood. Here, we show that overexpression of p107 in fibroblasts inhibits Cdk2 activation and delays S phase entry. The inhibition of Cdk2 activity is correlated with the accumulation of p27, consequent to a decreased degradation of the protein, with no change of Thr187 phosphorylation. Instead, we observed a marked decrease in the abundance of the F-box receptor Skp2 in p107-overexpressing cells. Reciprocally, Skp2 accumulates to higher levels in p107 −/− embryonic fibroblasts. Ectopic expression of Skp2 restores p27 down-regulation and DNA synthesis to the levels observed in parental cells, whereas inactivation of Skp2 abrogates the inhibitory effect of p107 on S phase entry. We further show that the serum-dependent increase in Skp2 half-life observed during G1 progression is impaired in cells overexpressing p107. We propose that p107, in addition to its interaction with E2F, inhibits cell proliferation through the control of Skp2 expression and the resulting stabilization of p27.
Dual Space Search During Scientific Reasoning

The purpose of the two studies reported here wos to develop an integrated model of the scientific reasoning process. Subjects were placed in a simulated scientific discovery context by first teaching them how to use an electronic device and then asking them to discover how a hitherto unencountered function worked. To do this task. subjects had to formulate hypotheses bas’ed on their prior knowledge, conduct experiments, and evaluate the results of their experiments. In t,he first study, using 20 adult subjects, we identified two main strategies that subjects used to generate new hypotheses. One strategy was to scorch memory and the other was to generalize from the results of previous experiments. We described the former group as searching an hypothesis space, and the latter as searching on experiment space. In a second study, with 10 adults, we investigated how subjects search the hypothesis space by instructing them to state all the hypotheses that they could think of prior to conducting any experiments. Following this phase, subjects were then allowed to conduct experiments. Subjects who could not think of the correct rule in the hypothesis generation phase discovered the correct rule only by generalizing from the results of experiments in the experimentol phase. Both studies provide support for the view that scientific reasoning can be characterized as search in two problem spaces. By extending Simon and Lea’s (1974) Generalized Rule Inducer, we present a general model of Scientific Discovery as Dual Search (SDDS) that shows how search in two problem spaces (an hypothesis space and an experiment space) shapes hypothesis generation, experimental design, and the evaluation of hypotheses. The model also shows how these processes interact with each other. Finally, we interpret earlier findings about the psychology of scientific reasoning In terms of the SDDS model.
In Utero DDT and DDE Exposure and Obesity Status of 7-Year-Old Mexican-American Children in the CHAMACOS Cohort

Background: In utero exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been hypothesized to increase risk of obesity later in life. Objectives: The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study is a longitudinal birth cohort of low-income Latinas living in a California agricultural community. We examined the relation of in utero DDT and DDE exposure to child obesity at 7 years of age. We also examined the trend with age (2, 3.5, 5, and 7 years) in the exposure–obesity relation. Methods: We included 270 children with o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDT, and p,p´-DDE concentrations measured in maternal serum during pregnancy (nanograms per gram lipid) and complete 7-year follow-up data including weight (kilograms) and height (centimeters). Body mass index (BMI; kilograms per meter squared) was calculated and obesity was defined as ≥ 95th percentile on the sex-specific BMI-for-age Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts. Results: At 7 years, 96 (35.6%) children were obese. A 10-fold increase in o,p´-DDT, p,p´-DDT, or p,p´-DDE, was nonsignificantly associated with increased odds (OR) of obesity [o,p´-DDT adjusted (adj-) OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.75, 1.82; p,p´-DDT adj-OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.74; p,p´-DDE adj-OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.06]. With increasing age at follow-up, we observed a significant trend toward a positive association between DDT and DDE exposure and odds of obesity. Conclusion: We did not find a significant positive relation between in utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old children. However, given the observed trend with age, continued follow-up will be informative.
The Effect of Diagnostic Delays on the Drop-Out Rate and the Total Delay to Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Background Numerous patient and healthcare system-related delays contribute to the overall delay experienced by patients from onset of TB symptoms to diagnosis and treatment. Such delays are critical as infected individuals remain untreated in the community, providing more opportunities for transmission of the disease and adversely affecting the epidemic. Methodology/Principal Findings We present an analysis of the factors that contribute to the overall delay in TB diagnosis and treatment, in a resource-poor setting. Impact on the distribution of diagnostic delay times was assessed for various factors, the sensitivity of the diagnostic method being found to be the most significant. A linear relationship was found between the sensitivity of the test and the predicted mean delay time, with an increase in test sensitivity resulting in a reduced mean delay time and a reduction in the drop-out rate. Conclusions/Significance The results show that in a developing country a number of delay factors, particularly the low sensitivity of the initial sputum smear microscopy test, potentially increase total diagnostic delay times experienced by TB patients significantly. The results reinforce the urgent need for novel diagnostic methods, both for smear positive and negative TB, that are highly sensitive, accessible and point of care, in order to reduce mean delay times.
A Positivist Study of Conversational Pragmatic Strategies

Language use is always strategic. Speakers do not only choose linguistic forms, they also choose strategies. This paper intends to explore the ways the language users take to attain their communicate goals, i.e., pragmatic strategies. Specifically, this article aims at a comprehensive positivist of the conversational pragmatic strategies in part of the novel Man, Woman and Child by Erich Segal; the direct-indirect pragmatic strategies in the eighty-nine Coca-Cola consumer advertisements from the year 1886 up to the year 1980; the “conversational maxim” pragmatic strategies in some 793 business letters, the “conversational maxim” pragmatic strategies in seven e-mails; and the “face-management” pragmatic strategies in some 793 business letters. The goal of study is to verify the universality and feasibility of the implementation of pragmatic strategies, both in literary and business writings. Only in this way can the language users achieve their communicative goal effectively.
Finish Accumulators : a Deterministic Reduction Construct for Dynamic Task Parallelism

Parallel reductions represent a common pattern for computing the aggregation of an associative and commutative operation, such as summation, across multiple pieces of data supplied by parallel tasks. In this paper, we introduce finish accumulators, a unified construct that supports predefined and user-defined deterministic reductions for dynamic async-finish task parallelism. Finish accumulators are designed to be integrated into terminally strict models of task parallelism as in the X10 and Habanero-Java (HJ) languages, which is more general than fully strict models of task parallelism found in Cilk and OpenMP. In contrast to lower-level reduction constructs such as atomic variables, the high-level semantics of finish accumulators allows for a wide range of implementations with different accumulation policies, e.g., eager-computation vs. lazycomputation. The best implementation can thus be selected based on a given application and the target platform that it will execute on. We have integrated finish accumulators into the Habanero-Java task parallel language, and used them in both research and teaching. In addition to their higherlevel semantics, experimental results demonstrate that our Java-based implementation of finish accumulators delivers comparable or better performance for reductions relative to Java’s atomic variables and concurrent collection libraries.
THE DISPARATE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CARBON NANOTUBES AND DIAMOND NANOWIRES STUDIED BY ATOMISTIC SIMULATION

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to calculate the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and diamond nanowires with atomic interactions modeled by the Brenner potential. The dependence of thermal conductivity on length, temperature, and temperature “boundary” condition was investigated. Lengths from 50 nm to 1 μm were simulated at a temperature of 290 K, and additional simulations were performed at 100 K and 400 K, for the 100 nm length. Thermal conductivity was found to be significantly suppressed for the shorter lengths. Two different artificial thermostats were used to impose the temperature difference: one rescaled velocities (the Berendsen thermostat), the other assigned velocities sampled from the appropriate Boltzmann distribution to randomly selected atoms for each numerical time step (the Andersen thermostat). Thus, the Berendsen thermostat amplifies existing atomic motions, while the Andersen thermostat, in a sense, disrupts the atomic motions. Nevertheless, results were very similar. All simulations were run for at least 200,000 time steps of 1 fsec each.
Motor neurone excitability in back muscles assessed using mechanically evoked reflexes in spinal cord injured patients

Objective: The clinical and functional assessment of back muscles in human spinal cord injury (SCI) has received little attention. The aim of this study was to develop a method to assess the level of a thoracic spinal cord lesion based on the reflex activation of back muscles. Methods: In 11 control subjects and in 12 subjects with clinically complete thoracic SCI (T2–T12), either a spinous process or an erector spinae muscle was prodded to elicit short latency reflexes recorded electromyographically at the spinal level of stimulation. An electromagnetic servo, attached to a blunt probe, applied stimuli at a frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 3 mm. Two trials of 50 mechanical prods were conducted at each site. Results: Reflexes were evoked in control subjects in 82% of trials when the spinous process was prodded, and in 80% of trials when the muscle was prodded. In contrast, reflexes in SCI subjects could be elicited in 90–100% of trials two segments either above or below the lesion. Reflex responses in control subjects had a mean (SEM) latency of 5.72 (0.53) ms when the spinous process was prodded, and 5.42 (0.42) ms when the muscle was prodded. In the SCI subjects, responses had slightly (but insignificantly) longer latencies both above and below the lesion to either stimulus. The amplitude of reflex responses, expressed as a percentage of the background EMG, was on average 2–3 times larger at the three vertebral levels spanning the lesion in SCI subjects than at sites above or below the lesion or at any level in control subjects. Conclusion: We propose that the size of these mechanically evoked reflexes may be useful in determining the level of thoracic SCI. Furthermore, the reflexes might provide a valuable tool with which to monitor recovery after an intervention to repair or improve function of a damaged spinal cord.
Quantum Prisoner's Dilemma in the new representation

Using the representation introduced in our another paper[1], the well-known Quantum Prisoner’s Dilemma proposed in [2], is reexpressed and calculated. By this example and the works in [1] on classical games and Quantum Penny Flip game, which first proposed in [3], we show that our new representation can be a general framework for games originally in different forms.
Adaptive wavelet neural network for prediction of hourly NOX and NO2 concentrations

Adaptive neural network is a powerful tool for prediction of air pollution abatement scenarios. But it is often difficult to avoid overfit during the training of adaptive neural network. In this paper, based on the wavelet theory, a new algorithm is proposed to improve the generalization of adaptive neural network during on-line learning. The new algorithm trains adaptive wavelet neural network to model hourly NOx and NO2 concentrations of variance of emission sources. Results show that the new algorithm improves the generalization and the convergence velocity of adaptive wavelet neural network during on-line learning. The simulations also illustrate that adaptive wavelet neural network is capable of resolving variance of emission sources.
Speaker Diarization: Its Developments, Applications, And Challenges

Multimedia computing is an emerging research area with a wide range of possibilities for various types of digital media. For instance television, movie, audio broadcast, and meeting recordings can be analysed to derive semantic value. Although significant progress has been achieved in recent years, speaker diarization continues to be an active topic in speech research. In this paper, a speaker diarization system would be reviewed and then continued by description of current development and application of diarization system in the broadcast news, meeting and telephone channel. Some trends and challenges arising in the speaker diarization area are addressed in this review, such as presence of overlapped speech and various characteristic of the input audio stream. Particularly, performance improvement has become an ongoing goal in speaker diarization research. One of important factors is how far speaker diarization system has been implemented in many widely area to assist other application systems. Keywords : component; speaker diarization, broadcast news, meeting, telephone channel, overlapped speech
Performance of the OptiMAL® dipstick in the diagnosis of malaria infection in pregnancy

The accuracy of OptiMAL® dipsticks was compared with that of microscopy in the diagnosis of malaria infection in pregnancy. During the course of a clinical trial of antimalarial drugs in pregnancy, we screened 4500 pregnant women of all parities who accessed antenatal clinic services at St. Theresa’s Hospital’s in Nkoranza, Ghana, between March 2003 and December 2004 with OptiMAL® dipsticks and confirmed the diagnosis of malaria with microscopy. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the OptiMAL® antigen test compared to microscopy for the diagnosis of malaria infection in pregnancy. OptiMAL® dipsticks had a sensitivity of 96.6%, specificity of 85.4%, a positive predictive value of 92.7%, a negative predictive value of 92.6%, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.91 (95% CI of 0.90–0.92). The diagnostic accuracy of the OptiMAL® dipstick is high and the test may have practical use in the diagnosis of malaria infection in pregnancy in malaria endemic countries.
Surf Navigator { an Intelligent Listener Agent

Browsing through parts of the global W3 information base gives the user the possibility to construct an information path, referring to a predeened category of his/her interest. The common used browser software gives only poor support for creating and managing multimedia fragments of its hyperbase concerning diierent topics such as bookmarks in a folder. A browser independent daemon listening to the user agent's activities could provide intelligent features for automated knowledge recognition, index generation, information retrieval, and traversal recording. This paper proposes such a tool running as a stand alone application at the client site. Its salient features are techniques like gathering, indexing, retrieving and visualizing of passed document hierarchies by usage of W3 browsers themselves as user interface.
JACK Intelligent Agent-Based and User Preference Mining for Collaborative Filtering

With the rapid development of the Internet and the worldwide popularity of the Web is growing exponentially. Automation collaborative filtering (CF) is becoming efficient tool to assist users with accurate information. We present multi-agent model based on collaborative filtering system to find similar users' interesting and choose JACK Intelligent Agentstrade to design CF system. Meanwhile, a novel mining frequent pattern algorithm, which is used to find users' interesting items and deduce association rules, is presented. Compared with traditional CF system based on frequent pattern mining algorithm, the novel algorithm has higher recall and accuracy rate.
Speeding-up lattice sieving without increasing the memory, using sub-quadratic nearest neighbor search

We give a simple heuristic sieving algorithm for the m-dimensional exact shortest vector problem (SVP) which runs in time 2. Unlike previous time-memory trade-offs, we do not increase the memory, which stays at its bare minimum 2. To achieve this complexity, we borrow a recent tool from coding theory, known as nearest neighbor search for binary code words. We simplify its analysis, and show that it can be adapted to solve this variant of the fixed-radius nearest neighbor search problem: Given a list of exponentially many unit vectors of R, and an angle γπ, find all pairs of vectors whose angle ≤ γπ. The complexity is sub-quadratic which leads to the improvement for lattice sieves.
Frequency of occurrence of specific reading disorder and associated psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian primary school students.

BACKGROUND Specific reading disorder (dyslexia) is common in primary school students. Data on prevalence rates in Egypt are needed along with better screening tools to guide future research. We aimed to estimate the frequency of dyslexia in a sample of fourth and fifth graders. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Cairo through multistage random selection of students from three governmental primary schools. A total of 586 students were recruited. Only 567 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria; they were subjected to screening by Goodenough Draw-a-Man test for intellectual quotient (IQ), the Reading Disability Test of Nasra Gilgil (RDT) to identify dyslexic children, Wechsler Children Intelligence Scale for thorough detection of IQ, and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL) to detect psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS The frequency of occurrence of specific reading disorder (dyslexia) was 11.3% among the studied sample of Egyptian primary school students. The gender ratio was nearly 1.3:1 boys to girls. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders was found in 57.8% of the sample. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was present in 33%, generalized anxiety disorder in 21.6%, and major depressive disorder in 16.2% of patients. CONCLUSION Dyslexia was prevalent in fourth and fifth graders. A meaningful presence of ADHD, anxiety, and depressed mood was detected in students. There is a need for better screening and awareness for early intervention and service provision. The cross-sectional design, lack of collateral information, and records precluded inference of casualty. The lack of rural comparator and samples from other governorates limit generalization of results.
Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior.

OBJECTIVE Health advocates have focused on the prevalence of advertising for calorie-dense low-nutrient foods as a significant contributor to the obesity epidemic. This research tests the hypothesis that exposure to food advertising during TV viewing may also contribute to obesity by triggering automatic snacking of available food. DESIGN In Experiments 1a and 1b, elementary-school-age children watched a cartoon that contained either food advertising or advertising for other products and received a snack while watching. In Experiment 2, adults watched a TV program that included food advertising that promoted snacking and/or fun product benefits, food advertising that promoted nutrition benefits, or no food advertising. The adults then tasted and evaluated a range of healthy to unhealthy snack foods in an apparently separate experiment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Amount of snack foods consumed during and after advertising exposure. RESULTS Children consumed 45% more when exposed to food advertising. Adults consumed more of both healthy and unhealthy snack foods following exposure to snack food advertising compared to the other conditions. In both experiments, food advertising increased consumption of products not in the presented advertisements, and these effects were not related to reported hunger or other conscious influences. CONCLUSION These experiments demonstrate the power of food advertising to prime automatic eating behaviors and thus influence far more than brand preference alone.
Bookmark shared system using agent systems

Recently, collaborative filtering is proposed as an information gathering technology of the WWW in the network. Collaborative filtering is a technology that recommends information on the Web page for an arbitrary user who wants to acquire recommendation information based on many users' evaluation and retrieval histories. In this paper, the bookmark shared system that filters bookmark information collaboratively is described. Especially, we explain the details of the bookmark shared system using agent systems and it's collaborative filtering on the distributed environment. In a concrete agent modeling, the multiagent does a simple communication to notify the profile update, and the retrieval processing is done by a mobile agent. As a result, the profile management on the distributed environment is facilitated, and it is possible to construct collaborative filtering system that can decrease the communication frequency in the retrieval processing.
An underwater robot mimicking jet propulsion inspired by feather sea star

This paper introduces the design and modelling of an underwater robot, mimicking the prototype of Antedon Petasus (Feather sea star). The design includes springs and cables driven by servomotors for the tension control of springs. In underwater environment, soft skeleton mechanisms are needed for the proper interaction. This can be achieved by using soft robotic links like cable driven springs using servomotors in various propulsion patterns. The cable-driven structure is a kind of parallel mechanism transmitting forces and motions by cables which are connected to the motors mounted on a fixed base. Solidworks is used to model it. The software, Ansys Fluent is used for its analysis in underwater environment and for the estimation of drag co-efficient.