Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and EEG Reactions in Native Turkic-Speaking Inhabitants of Siberia and Siberian Russians during Recognition of Syntactic Errors in Sentences in Native and Foreign Languages

The aim of the study is to compare behavioral and EEG reactions in Turkic-speaking inhabitants of Siberia (Tuvinians and Yakuts) and Russians during the recognition of syntax errors in native and foreign languages. Sixty-three healthy aboriginals of the Tyva Republic, 29 inhabitants of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, and 55 Russians from Novosibirsk participated in the study. EEG were recorded during execution of error-recognition task in Russian and English language (in all participants) and in native languages (Tuvinian or Yakut Turkic-speaking inhabitants). Reaction time (RT) and quality of task execution were chosen as behavioral measures. Amplitude and cortical distribution of P300 and P600 peaks of ERP were used as a measure of speech-related brain activity. In Tuvinians, there were no differences in the P300 and P600 amplitudes as well as in cortical topology for Russian and Tuvinian languages, but there was a difference for English. In Yakuts, the P300 and P600 amplitudes and topology of ERP for Russian language were the same as Russians had for native language. In Yakuts, brain reactions during Yakut and English language comprehension had no difference, while the Russian language comprehension was differed from both Yakut and English. We found out that the Tuvinians recognized both Russian and Tuvinian as native languages, and English as a foreign language. The Yakuts recognized both English and Yakut as foreign languages, but Russian as a native language. According to the inquirer, both Tuvinians and Yakuts use the national language as a spoken language, whereas they do not use it for writing. It can well be a reason that Yakuts perceive the Yakut writing language as a foreign language while writing Russian as their native. Tatiana N. Astakhova and Tatiana A. Golovko are with the Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Pirogova Str. , 2, 630090, Russia (phone: +79134612743; fax: +7 (383) 335-97-54; e-mail: tastahova95@yandex.ru, golovkotatiana@bk.ru). Alexander E. Saprygin, Alexander N. Savostyanov and Lyubomir I. Aftanas are with the Institute of Physiology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia (e-mail: saprigyn@mail.ru, alexander.Savostyanov@ gmail.com, liaftanas@gmail.com). Mikhail S. Vlasov is with the Shukshin Altay State Academy of Education, Biysk, Russia (e-mail: vlasov_mikhailo@mail.ru). Natalia V. Borisova and Alexandra G. Karpova are with the North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia (e-mail: borinat@yandex.ru, karpova74@list.ru). Urana N. Kavai-ool and Elena Mokur-ool are with the Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, Russia (e-mail: dr.urana63@mail.ru, lerco-m@mail.ru). Nikolay A. Kolchanov is with the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia (e-mail: kol@bionet.nsc.ru). Keywords—EEG, brain activity, syntactic analysis, native and foreign language.
Explaining Data Patterns using Knowledge from the Web of Data

Knowledge Discovery (KD) is a long-tradition field aiming at developing methodologies to detect hidden patterns and regularities in large datasets, using techniques from a wide range of domains, such as statistics, machine learning, pattern recognition or data visualisation. In most real world contexts, the interpretation and explanation of the discovered patterns is left to human experts, whose work is to use their background knowledge to analyse, refine and make the patterns understandable for the intended purpose. Explaining patterns is therefore an intensive and time-consuming process, where parts of the knowledge can remain unrevealed, especially when the experts lack some of the required background knowledge. In this thesis, we investigate the hypothesis that such interpretation process can be facilitated by introducing background knowledge from the Web of (Linked) Data. In the last decade, many areas started publishing and sharing their domain-specific knowledge in the form of structured data, with the objective of encouraging information sharing, reuse and discovery. With a constantly increasing amount of shared and connected knowledge, we thus assume that the process of explaining patterns can become easier, faster, and more automated. To demonstrate this, we developed Dedalo, a framework that automatically provides explanations to patterns of data using the background knowledge extracted from the Web of Data. We studied the elements required for a piece of information to be considered an explanation, identified the best strategies to automatically find the right piece of information in the Web of Data, and designed a process able to produce explanations to a given pattern using the background knowledge autonomously collected from the Web of Data. The final evaluation of Dedalo involved users within an empirical study based on a real-world scenario. We demonstrated that the explanation process is complex when not being familiar with the domain of usage, but also that this can be considerably simplified when using the Web of Data as a source of background knowledge.
Encryption and authentication for scalable multimedia: current state of the art and challenges

Scalable coding is a technology that encodes a multimedia signal in a scalable manner where various representations can be extracted from a single codestream to fit a wide range of applications. Many new scalable coders such as JPEG 2000 and MPEG-4 FGS offer fine granularity scalability to provide near continuous optimal tradeoff between quality and rates in a large range. This fine granularity scalability poses great new challenges to the design of encryption and authentication systems for scalable media in Digital Rights Management (DRM) and other applications. It may be desirable or even mandatory to maintain a certain level of scalability in the encrypted or signed codestream so that no decryption or re-signing is needed when legitimate adaptations are applied. In other words, the encryption and authentication should be scalable, i.e., adaptation friendly. Otherwise secrets have to be shared with every intermediate stage along the content delivery system which performs adaptation manipulations. Sharing secrets with many parties would jeopardize the overall security of a system since the security depends on the weakest component of the system. In this paper, we first describe general requirements and desirable features for an encryption or authentication system for scalable media, esp. those not encountered with the non-scalable case. Then we present an overview of the current state of the art of technologies in scalable encryption and authentication. These technologies include full and selective encryption schemes that maintain the original or coarser granularity of scalability offered by an unencrypted scalable codestream, layered access control and block level authentication that reduce the fine granularity of scalability to a block level, among others. Finally, we summarize existing challenges and propose future research directions.
Towards Tangible Images and Video in Cyberworlds--Function-Based Approach

Haptic interaction is commonly used with 3D objects defined by their geometric and solid models. Extension of the haptic interaction to 3D Cyber worlds is a challenging task due to the Internet bandwidth constraints and often prohibitive sizes of the models. We study how to replace visual and haptic rendering of shared 3D objects with 2D image visualization and 3D haptic rendering of the forces reconstructed from the images or augmenting them, which will eventually simulate realistic haptic interaction with 3D objects. This approach allows us to redistribute the computing power so that it can concentrate mainly on the tasks of haptic interaction and rendering. We propose how to implement such interaction with small function descriptions of the haptic information augmenting images and video. We illustrate the proposed ideas with the function-based extension of VRML and X3D.
Identification of Cellular Proteins Interacting with the Retroviral Restriction Factor SAMHD1

ABSTRACT Human and mouse SAMHD1 proteins block human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in noncycling human monocytic cells by reducing the intracellular deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations. Phosphorylation of human SAMHD1 at threonine 592 (T592) by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin A2 impairs its HIV-1 restriction activity, but not the dNTP hydrolase activity, suggesting that dNTP depletion is not the sole mechanism of SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction. Using coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we identified and validated two additional host proteins interacting with human SAMHD1, namely, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2). We observed that mouse SAMHD1 specifically interacted with cyclin A2, cyclin B1, CDK1, and CDK2. Given the role of these SAMHD1-interacting proteins in cell cycle progression, we investigated the regulation of these host proteins by monocyte differentiation and activation of CD4+ T cells and examined their effect on the phosphorylation of human SAMHD1 at T592. Our results indicate that primary monocyte differentiation and CD4+ T-cell activation regulate the expression of these SAMHD1-interacting proteins. Furthermore, our results suggest that, in addition to CDK1 and cyclin A2, CDK2 phosphorylates T592 of human SAMHD1 and thereby regulates its HIV-1 restriction function. IMPORTANCE SAMHD1 is the first dNTP triphosphohydrolase found in mammalian cells. Human and mouse SAMHD1 proteins block HIV-1 infection in noncycling cells. Previous studies suggested that phosphorylation of human SAMHD1 at threonine 592 by CDK1 and cyclin A2 negatively regulates its HIV-1 restriction activity. However, it is unclear whether human SAMHD1 interacts with other host proteins in the cyclin A2 and CDK1 complex and whether mouse SAMHD1 shares similar cellular interacting partners. Here, we identify five cell cycle-related host proteins that interact with human and mouse SAMHD1, including three previously unknown cellular proteins (CDK2, cyclin B1, and SKP2). Our results demonstrate that several SAMHD1-interacting cellular proteins regulate phosphorylation of SAMHD1 and play an important role in HIV-1 restriction function. Our findings help define the role of these cellular interacting partners of SAMHD1 that regulate its HIV-1 restriction function.
Comparison of Lidar-Based and Radar-Based Adaptive Cruise Control Systems

Since the late 1980s, Delphi Automotive Systems has been very involved with the practical development of a variety of Collision Avoidance products for the nearand long-term automotive market. Many of these complex collision avoidance products will require the integration of various vehicular components/systems in order to provide a cohesive functioning product that is seamlessly integrated into the vehicle infrastructure. One such example of this system integration process was the development of an Adaptive Cruise Control system on an Opel Vectra. The design approach heavily incorporated system engineering processes/procedures. The critical issues and other technical challenges in developing these systems will be explored. Details on the hardware and algorithms developed for this vehicle, as well as the greater systems integration issues that arose during its development will also be presented. Actual on-road test results of the Adaptive Cruise Control system are discussed and compared for the two types of sensors.
Pattern Matching Techniques for Replacing Missing Sections of Audio Streamed across Wireless Networks

Streaming media on the Internet can be unreliable. Services such as audio-on-demand drastically increase the loads on networks; therefore, new, robust, and highly efficient coding algorithms are necessary. One method overlooked to date, which can work alongside existing audio compression schemes, is that which takes into account the semantics and natural repetition of music. Similarity detection within polyphonic audio has presented problematic challenges within the field of music information retrieval. One approach to deal with bursty errors is to use self-similarity to replace missing segments. Many existing systems exist based on packet loss and replacement on a network level, but none attempt repairs of large dropouts of 5 seconds or more. Music exhibits standard structures that can be used as a forward error correction (FEC) mechanism. FEC is an area that addresses the issue of packet loss with the onus of repair placed as much as possible on the listener's device. We have developed a server--client-based framework (SoFI) for automatic detection and replacement of large packet losses on wireless networks when receiving time-dependent streamed audio. Whenever dropouts occur, SoFI swaps audio presented to the listener between a live stream and previous sections of the audio stored locally. Objective and subjective evaluations of SoFI where subjects were presented with other simulated approaches to audio repair together with simulations of replacements including varying lengths of time in the repair give positive results.
Rational Design of α-Helical Antimicrobial Peptides with Enhanced Activities and Specificity/Therapeutic Index*

In the present study, the 26-residue peptide sequence Ac-KWKSFLKTFKSAVKTVLHTALKAISS-amide (V681) was utilized as the framework to study the effects of peptide hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, amphipathicity, and helicity (induced by single amino acid substitutions in the center of the polar and nonpolar faces of the amphipathic helix) on biological activities. The peptide analogs were also studied by temperature profiling in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, from 5 to 80 °C, to evaluate the self-associating ability of the molecules in solution, another important parameter in understanding peptide antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. A higher ability to self-associate in solution was correlated with weaker antimicrobial activity and stronger hemolytic activity of the peptides. Biological studies showed that strong hemolytic activity of the peptides generally correlated with high hydrophobicity, high amphipathicity, and high helicity. In most cases, the d-amino acid substituted peptides possessed an enhanced average antimicrobial activity compared with l-diastereomers. The therapeutic index of V681 was improved 90- and 23-fold against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. By simply replacing the central hydrophobic or hydrophilic amino acid residue on the nonpolar or the polar face of these amphipathic derivatives of V681 with a series of selected d-/l-amino acids, we demonstrated that this method has excellent potential for the rational design of antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activities.
Role of Ion Channels and Activation State in Regulation of Podosomes, Migration and Invasion, and Phagocytosis in Microglia

Microglia are resident immune cells and professional phagocytes of the CNS. They rapidly respond to injury and disease and can assume a spectrum of activation states with pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) being at the extreme ends. It is important to understand how microglial activation states affect their migration and phagocytosis, crucial functions after injury. However, the mechanisms that regulate these phenotypes are not well characterized. As well, the cytokine profile after injury or disease is changing yet little is known about the molecular and functional consequences. We hypothesized that the microglial phenotype is different in each activation state, with ion channels regulating specific microglia functions. Rat microglia cultures were stimulated with IFN-γ plus TNF-α ("I + T"; M1 activation), interleukin-4 (M2a/alternative activation), and interleukin-10 (M2c/acquired deactivation). I report that IL-4and IL-10treated cells differentially express podosomes but migrate and invade much better. Further, based on enrichment of KCa2.3/SK3 Ca-activated potassium channels in microglial podosomes, we predicted that it regulates migration and invasion. Surprisingly, of three KCa2.3 inhibitors (apamin, tamapin, NS8593), only NS8593
Ethnicity, Income, and Parenting Contexts of Physical Punishment in a National Sample of Families with Young Children

Nearly half of U.S. parents use physical punishment for child discipline. Although some studies relate physical punishment and later dysfunction, others suggest that its effects depend on the context in which it is used. The authors analyzed data from the Commonwealth Fund Survey of Parents With Young Children, a national sample of 2,017 parents with children younger than 3. Parents reported their use of spanking, five other disciplinary practices, and four nurturing interactions. The authors used cluster analysis to define four groups of parents with distinct patterns of discipline and nurturing. Two groups with above-average use of spanking shared a high prevalence of parent depressive symptoms and a low level of nurturing but had markedly different demographic profiles and use of nonphysical punishment. Parents who used average levels of spanking made frequent use of nonphysical disciplinary strategies and had high levels of nurturing interactions. Parents who reported below-average spanking had relatively low levels of both disciplinary and nurturing interactions.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Transcriptional Dynamics in Colorectal Carcinogenesis : New Insights into the Role of c-Myc and miR 17 in Benign to Cancer Transformation

Colorectal cancer develops in a sequential, evolutionary process, leading to a heterogenic tumor. Comprehensivemolecular studies of colorectal cancer have been previously performed; still, the process of carcinogenesis is not fully understood. We utilized gene expression patterns from 94 samples including normal, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma colon biopsies and performed a coexpression network analysis to determine gene expression trajectories of 8,000 genes across carcinogenesis. We found that the majority of gene expression changes occur in the transition from normal tissue to adenoma. The upregulated genes, known to be involved in cellular proliferation, included c-Myc along with its targets. In a cellular model system, we show that physiologic upregulation of c-Myc can lead to cellular proliferation without DNA replication stress. Our analysis also found that carcinogenesis involves a progressive downregulation of genes that are markers of colonic tissue and propose that this reflects a perturbed differentiation of colon cells during carcinogenesis. The analysis of miRNAs targets pointed toward the involvement of miR17 in the regulation of colon cell differentiation. Finally, we found that copy-number variations (CNV) enriched in colon adenocarcinoma tend to occur in genes whose expression changes already in adenoma, with deletions occurring in genes downregulated and duplications in genes upregulated in adenomas. We suggest that the CNVs are selected to reinforce changes in gene expression, rather than initiate them. Together, these findings shed new light into the molecular processes that underlie the transformation of colon tissue from normal to cancer and add a temporal context that has been hitherto lacking. Cancer Res; 74(19); 1–9. 2014 AACR.
A qualitative exploration of facilitators and inhibitors influencing nurses' intention to leave clinical nursing.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the barriers and facilitators shaping the development of an intent to leave the nursing profession, from the perspective of Iran's clinical nurses. METHOD The study was completed using qualitative content analysis And included 21 Participants who were clinical nurses with a variety of work experience across a range of clinical posts. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data obtained from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted utilizing a content analysis method. RESULTS During data analysis, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 12 subcategories were extracted as follows. Facilitators include: (I) spoiled identity (weak social status and violation of dignity), (II) frustration (feeling subordinate including a lack of appreciation), and (III) experience of hard labor (job stress, hard work and shift work). Inhibitors include: (I) positive management behaviors (rewards and support systems), and (II) being valuable (spiritual satisfaction, the efficient presence and professional capabilities development). CONCLUSION Based on the findings, it can be concluded that managers can prevent nurses from leaving clinical nursing by providing appropriate activities for them and increasing their motivation and satisfaction.
Ecological mechanisms can modify radiation effects in a key forest mammal of Chernobyl

Nuclear accidents underpin the need to quantify the ecological mechanisms which determine injury to ecosystems from chronic low‐dose radiation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ecological mechanisms interact with ionizing radiation to affect natural populations in unexpected ways. We used large‐scale replicated experiments and food manipulations in wild populations of the rodent, Myodes glareolus, inhabiting the region near the site of the Chernobyl disaster of 1986. We show linear decreases in breeding success with increasing ambient radiation levels with no evidence of any threshold below which effects are not seen. Food supplementation of experimental populations resulted in increased abundances but only in locations where radioactive contamination was low (i.e., below ≈ 1 μSv/h). In areas with higher contamination, food supplementation showed no detectable effects. These findings suggest that chronic low‐dose‐rate irradiation can decrease the stability of populations of key forest species, and these effects could potentially scale to broader community changes with concomitant consequences for the ecosystem functioning of forests impacted by nuclear accidents.
Max‐flow min‐cut algorithm with application to road networks

The max‐flow min‐cut problem is one of the most explored and studied problems in the area of combinatorial algorithms and optimization. In this paper, we solve the max‐flow min‐cut problem on large random lognormal graphs and real‐world datasets using the distributed Edmonds‐Karp algorithm. The algorithm is deployed on a stand‐alone cluster using Spark. In our experiments, we compare the runtime between a single‐machine implementation and cluster implementation. We analyze the impact of communication cost on runtime for large lognormal graphs. Further, we record the runtime of the algorithm for various real‐world datasets having similar average outdegree and number of edges but different diameters. The observations indicate that for such a set of similar graphs, runtime increases slowly with an increase in diameter. Additionally, we apply this model on large urban road networks to evaluate the minimum number of sensors required for surveillance of the entire network. To validate the feasibility of this extension, we tested the model with large road network datasets having more than 2.7 million edges. Thus, we believe that our model can enhance the safety of today's dynamic large urban road networks.