Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
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The Effect of Members' Satisfaction with a Virtual Community on Member Participation

The authors develop a four-dimensional scale to measure members' satisfaction with virtual communities. The dimensions consist of members' satisfaction with member-member interactions, organizer-member interactions, organizer-community interactions, and the community's site. Using a sample of 3605 members of a virtual community the authors investigate the effect of each satisfaction dimension on member participation and the moderating effect of membership length on the links between the satisfaction dimensions and member particip ation. The results reveal that satisfaction with member-member interactions, organizer-member interactions and the community's site have positive effects on member participation. Satisfaction with organizer-community interactions has no effect on member participation. The findings also show that the linkages between the satisfaction dimensions and member participation are moderated by membership length.
Second‐order moment of central California seismicity, 1969–1982

The second-order moment (cross-correlation function) of earthquakes in the U.S. Geological Survey central California catalog between 1969 and 1982 was calculated with respect to a magnitude threshold M ≥ 4.0 over interevent distances up to 80 km and interevent times up to 320 days. The statistical procedure results in a representation of the spatial-temporal structure of the catalog associated with M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes and is capable of revealing patterns too weak to be detected in the space-time distribution of seismicity for individual earthquake sequences. A method is introduced for identifying aftershocks based on a physical two-parameter model of the earthquake interaction process. The results show that the aftershock process dominates the second-order moment and may even obscure the statistical expression of a precursory process. A concentration of foreshocks within 15 km and 3 days of M ≥ 4.0 main shocks exhibits an apparent migration toward the main shock loci with velocity 2.6–5.3 km/d. This concentration may be related to an observed tendency for M ≥ 4.0 events to cluster (auto-correlate) over this interevent range. With the identified aftershocks removed, the residual catalog is Poissonion in space and time. When two M ≥ 4.0 earthquakes occur within 80 km and 40 days of each other, aftershock productivity appears to be relatively enhanced in the earlier sequence. This suggests that aftershock populations are not solely dependent on their main shocks and that unusually productive aftershock sequences may be predictors of future moderate earthquakes.
influência da ordem de Execução de Exercícios Resistidos na hipotensão Pós- exercício em idosos hipertensos influence of Resistance Exercises order Performance on Post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive Elderly

aBStRaCt There is evidence that resistance training can help to control hypertension, although further studies are needed to show the best way to perform it. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the resistance exercises order performance in post-exercise hypotension in elderly with controlled hy-pertension. The study sample consisted of eight elderly with controlled hypertension (four men and four women). In exercise protocol 1 (P1), they performed three upper limb exercises and then three lower limb exercises. In exercise protocol 2 (P2) the sequence was reversed. In exercise protocol 3 (P3) the subjects performed the same exercises in an alternate way. All exercises were performed in three sets of 12RM. Blood pressure (BP) was measured after each protocol at every 10 min until 60 min post-exercise. The data obtained were assessed using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey and paired Student’s t test (p<0.05). Concerning rest values, P1 did not show statistically significance in any moment; however, in P2 at 20 and 40 min Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) values were statistically significant. Moreover, P3 showed differences in all SBP moments and also in the 10, 20, 30 and 60 min of Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP). When all the moments in the three protocols were compared just in the 20 min moment, P3 showed statistically difference compared with P1 and P2. It was concluded that the performed order of resistance exercises in elderly with controlled hypertension has influenced on the duration, but not directly on its magnitude.
MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE

The concept of marine phytoplankton community specific growth rate (μ) and its related concepts were discussed. The four basic methods for estimating μ, frequency of dividing cells, biochemical indices, model approaches, and dilution incubations without grazers were reviewed, among them the dilution method was recommend as standard method for preliminary investigations of μ in China seas. After preliminary comparing and analyzing the μ around the world, we found that (1) μ depends on taxa composition of target phytoplankton community, (2) μ is relatively higher in offshore waters than in open seas and oligotrophic waters, (3) μ is even higher in mesotrophic areas than in eutrophic areas in offshore waters, and (4) μ is higher in small-cell-dominated community than in big-cell-dominated community. Many things still poorly understand and more studies on μ are needed in China.
The distribution of mitochondrial D-loop sequence variations in Taiwan populations

DNA polymorphisms within the mitochondrial D-loop a re used commonly in forensic science for the purpose of human identification and genetic linkage. When using mitochondrial loci it is necessary to evaluate data based on variation within the population. We report on polymorphisms within the D-loop based on 363 members of the Taiwanese aboriginal population. A DNA fragment of approximately 980 bp was used for the analysis resulting in a total of 229 haplotypes, all of which were different from the rCRS. Within the total haplotypes there were 211 haplotypes that were specific to one of the nine tribes that comprise the Taiwanese aboriginal population with the remaining 18 haplotypes common between members of at least two tribes. Comparison of the sequence variations for the aboriginal and Taiwan Han populations, the specific haplotypes were 227 in 229 haplotypes and 144 in 146 haplotypes for the aboriginal population (363 samples) and Taiwan Han population (155 samples) respectively. Only 2 haplotypes were shared between these two populations cohabiting on the island of Taiwan. It inferred the maternal genetic homogeneity and, however, the genetic diversity for the aboriginal population. Comparison of these data to other population studies showed the greatest genetic distance between the UK population and the Saisiyat tribe (0.26219). The data indicate that the nine aboriginal tribes have distinct genetic origins compared to recent immigrations onto Taiwan and illustrate how inter-tribal variation occurs within a small isolated island population.
Online Advertising: Heterogeneity and Conflation in Market Design

The past decade has seen the explosive emer gence of online advertising as a major source of revenue for Internet publishers. Analyses of this phenomenon are mostly conducted in the sway of Google's hugely successful search advertising program. In the early days of the Internet, before Google, virtually all advertising revenues were related to simple display ads. Yet by 2008 search advertising accounted for over $10.5 billion of the $23.4 billion in total online advertising, and pun dits were forecasting continued growth at rates of 12 percent per year over the next five years.1 Internet advertising markets have broken sharply from the advertising markets for tradi tional media. In the older media, every consumer that received a particular magazine, listened to a particular radio program, or watched a particu lar TV show would read, hear or see the same advertisement. An advertiser that wanted to reach an audience with particular characteris tics could do so only within narrow limits. For example, a beer company might advertise on televised football games, and a maker of fashion clothing might advertise in women's magazines. Although publications do some tailoring of their offerings, as when a newspaper has differ ent local editions, audience mix is nevertheless constrained by the audiences for each type of publication, rather than by the objectives of the advertiser or the current intentions of the viewer. The Internet changes that. When a con sumer types "running shoes" into a search box at Google or Yahoo or Bing, it provides direct information about the searcher's intent? what
IN SITU ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTH OF HISTORIC WOOD

Wood load-jacking and pin-pushing are new methods currently in development for directly obtaining values for the mechanical characteristics of wood members in situ. Historic wood members under evaluation will normally be in service at the time of testing and existing stresses will be present. The content of this paper aims to evaluate the influence of residual stress present due to service load and its impacts on the effectiveness of each method to determine wood compressive strength and modulus of deformation. The device for each method is used in tests completed on a full-scale, loaded member in a laboratory, and the results are then critically compared with results from previous experiments on unloaded samples. Relations for wood strength between the loaded and unloaded condition are assessed for each method’s success and practical use in historic wood applications.
Application and evaluation of the DSSAT-wheat in the Tiaret region of Algeria

Crop simulation models are essential tools to design management practices to mitigate such adverse conditions. They can be used to predict crop yield expectancies under limited environmental resources and various management scenarios. However, the application of crop models requires an accurate knowledge of the genotype-related coefficients, which are commonly not available. This paper aimed to evaluate the DSSAT crop model in Algeria for wheat, including the determination of DSSAT-specific genetic coefficients of wheat. Experimental data from three seasons and of nine cultivars were used for model calibration and testing. The results showed that the root mean squared error (RMSE) were 9.5 d and 1.8 d for anthesis and maturity respectively for model calibration ; and was 4.4 d and 3.5 d for anthesis and maturity in testing of the model, respectively. The RMSE of final grain yield was 0.7 t ha -1 for calibration and testing. This study showed that DSSAT may be used to predict the growth and yields of wheat genotypes in Algeria. In consequence to compare several crop management strategies in a wheat cropping area.
Are faculty predictions or item taxonomies useful for estimating the outcome of multiple-choice examinations ?

Kibble JD, Johnson T. Are faculty predictions or item taxonomies useful for estimating the outcome of multiple-choice examinations? Adv Physiol Educ 35: 396–401, 2011; doi:10.1152/advan.00062. 2011. —The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether multiple-choice item difficulty could be predicted either by a subjective judgment by the question author or by applying a learning taxonomy to the items. Eight physiology faculty members teaching an upper-level undergraduate human physiology course consented to participate in the study. The faculty members annotated questions before exams with the descriptors “easy,” “moderate,” or “hard” and classified them according to whether they tested knowledge, comprehension, or application. Overall analysis showed a statistically significant, but relatively low, correlation between the intended item difficulty and actual student scores ( 0.19, P 0.01), indicating that, as intended item difficulty increased, the resulting student scores on items tended to decrease. Although this expected inverse relationship was detected, faculty members were correct only 48% of the time when estimating difficulty. There was also significant individual variation among faculty members in the ability to predict item difficulty ( 2 16.84, P 0.02). With regard to the cognitive level of items, no significant correlation was found between the item cognitive level and either actual student scores ( 0.09, P 0.14) or item discrimination ( 0.05, P 0.42). Despite the inability of faculty members to accurately predict item difficulty, the examinations were of high quality, as evidenced by reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s ) of 0.70–0.92, the rejection of only 4 of 300 items in the postexamination review, and a mean item discrimination (point biserial) of 0.37. In conclusion, the effort of assigning annotations describing intended difficulty and cognitive levels to multiple-choice items is of doubtful value in terms of controlling examination difficulty. However, we also report that the process of annotating questions may enhance examination validity and can reveal aspects of the hidden curriculum.
Introduction to coding theory

Error-correcting codes constitute one of the key ingredients in achieving the high degree of reliability required in modern data transmission and storage systems. This 2006 book introduces the reader to the theoretical foundations of error-correcting codes, with an emphasis on Reed-Solomon codes and their derivative codes. After reviewing linear codes and finite fields, the author describes Reed-Solomon codes and various decoding algorithms. Cyclic codes are presented, as are MDS codes, graph codes, and codes in the Lee metric. Concatenated, trellis, and convolutional codes are also discussed in detail. Homework exercises introduce additional concepts such as Reed-Muller codes, and burst error correction. The end-of-chapter notes often deal with algorithmic issues, such as the time complexity of computational problems. While mathematical rigor is maintained, the text is designed to be accessible to a broad readership, including students of computer science, electrical engineering, and mathematics, from senior-undergraduate to graduate level.
Geometrical Rectification of Hyperspectral Image Of GPS/INS

Hypersptctral image has enormous advantage than panchromatic image and excessive spectrogram image in object identify.For the sake of test high spectrum camera space orientation precision,we make use of"GPS/INS POS"system get volatile high spectrum camera's place and pose,realize geometrical redress without reference point.
Experimental study on the effects of salutatory barrier on hydraulic fracture propagation of cement blocks

There are some salutatory harriers in the horizontal direction of pay zone,which maybe hinder the propagation of hydraulic fracture or change the propagation direction of hydraulic fracture,as a result,the effect of hydraulic fracturing may be discounted. The physical experiment on hydraulic fracturing propagation in laboratory showed that the penetration of hydraulic fracture into the salutatory barrier mainly depended on the normal stress difference between salutatory barrier and pay zone.The hydraulic fracture could penetrate into the salutatory barrier and propagate in original direction under the normal stress difference of about 4 MPa.The dimensionless net pressure,difference of Yang's modulus and fracture toughness between reservoir and salutatory barrier also affect- ed the behaviors of hydraulic fracture.The hydraulic fractures crossing the salutatory barrier need a lot of energy accumulation, which can lead to a notable fluctuation of pressure curve.
Elliptical LWA Station Configurations Optimized to Minimize Side Lobes.

An elliptical station, elongated in the north-south axis to compensate for projected foreshortening for sources in the far north and far south, may be desirable to produce a more circular field of view over as much of the sky as possible (Clarke 2007). Here, we present elliptical station configurations that are each optimized to minimize sidelobes across the entire sky. Each design is characterized by the minimum allowed spacing between elements, and we used values of 3.5, 4.0 and 5.0 meters. Because the final size of the station is still not settled, we consider three possibilities for the major axis (100, 110 and 120m). With three possible sizes and three possible minimum element spacings, a total of nine potential station configurations are presented. Various properties of each design are examined including maximum sidelobe levels and phased-beam axis ratios. We find that the maximum side lobe increases with increased minimum spacings, while the effects of station size depend on the minimum dipole spacing. This side-lobe optimization does not take into account the effects of mutual coupling, which is far too computationally intensive to be feasible in the context of an iterative optimization scheme. 1. Overview A circular design for the perimeter of an LWA station would produce a circular station beam at zenith, but off-zenith would be elongated in the azimuthal direction by a factor of 1/cos(ZA) where ZA is the zenith angle. The elongation is minor at low zenith angles, but close to the horizon it can be quite large. The regions of the sky where it is most critical to observe near the horizon are towards the north and south. The north because sources near the celestial north pole never “leave” that region from our vantage point. The south because sources at far southern declinations only reach a high enough elevation above the horizon when they are near transit, which is always toward the south from the LWA site. Any source near the horizon at the east or west will reach a much higher elevation at some point in the day. For this reason, we concentrate on the station beam shape along the north-south azimuth or, in other words, as a function of source declination when a source is at its transit. In Figure 1 we plot the phased-beam axis ratio (the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the station beam ellipse) at transit for a circular station as a function of source declination for the range of
CMTC-# 486524-MS Numerical Analyses of the Effect of the Impurity in the Gas on the Solubility Trapping in the CO 2 Sequestration

The CO2 dissolved in the aquifer will increase the density of brine, which can result in the instability of the gravity and prompt the onset of the viscous finger. The viscous finger will lead to the convective mix, accelerating the process of CO2 solution in the brine. However, the gas stream in the CO2 storage usually contains the impurities such as N2, O2, and SO2, which can change the density difference in the process of solution, and affect the solubility trapping in the CO2 sequestration. In this paper, a numerical simulation method was used to study the effect of different impurities on the solubility trapping in the process of CO2 storage. Firstly, based on the PR-HV model, this paper calculated the solubility of CO2, N2, O2, and SO2 with different temperature and salinity and analysed the variation of the solubility. Then a multi-component numerical simulation model based on a certain aquifer layer was established to compare the CO2 dissolution rate and the onset time of the instability and analyze the influence of impurities in the CO2 stream on the solubility trapping. Finally, this paper clarified the impact on the CO2 storage and suggested that the concentration of the impurities should be controlled in a rational range for the perspective of the economy and efficiency. The results show that the solubility of CO2 is higher than N2 and O2 in the saline water, and close to that of SO2. We applied the solubility data to the numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulation shows that with the increase of the concentration of N2 or O2, CO2 dissolution rate has a decrease, and the onset time of the instability has an increase. It meas the longer time CO2 plume keeping in the state of good flowing capability and low density. The onset of viscous finger will be postponed, leading to a negative influence on the solubility trapping and the risk of the CO2 leak through fractures and faults. On the contrary, SO2 can shorten the onset time of the instability, which accelerates the viscous finger and prompts the solubility trapping. A further conclusion is that the effect of SO2 on the viscous fingering is more significantly than N2 and O2. This paper deepens the understanding about the effect of the impure CO2 on the solubility trapping, and clarifies the effect of different impurities.
Metamorphism disturbs the Re-Os signatures of platinum-group minerals in ophiolite chromitites

The Os-isotope compositions of platinum-group minerals (PGMs) in ophiolite chromitites are commonly regarded as resistant to fluid-related processes, and have been used to track the evolution of Earth’s convecting mantle. However, we have found significant differences in 187Os/188Os between primary and secondary PGMs from metamorphosed ophiolite chromitites of the Dobromirtsi Ultramafic Massif, in the Central Rhodope Metamorphic Core Complex of southeastern Bulgaria. Primary (magmatic) PGMs hosted in unaltered chromite cores have 187Os/188Os from 0.1231 to 0.1270, and 187Re/188Os ≤ 0.002. T MA and T RD model ages, calculated relative to the Enstatite Chondrite Reservoir, cluster around three main peaks: ca. 0.3, 0.4, and 0.6 Ga. Secondary PGMs, produced by alteration of magmatic PGMs, have a wider range of variation (187Os/188Os = 0.1124–0.1398, 187Re/188Os ≤ 0.024); these grains yield T MA and T RD model ages from –1.7 Ga up to 2.2 Ga. The larger range in 187Os/188Os in the secondary PGMs is interpreted as due to reactions between the primary PGMs and infiltrating metamorphic-hydrothermal fluids with a range of Os-isotope compositions. This redistribution of Os in PGMs during metamorphism has significant implications for the interpretation of both whole-rock and in situ Os-isotope data in mantle-derived rocks.
Extended structure tensors for multiple directionality estimation

Standard structure tensors provide a robust way of directionality estimation of waves (or edges) but only for the case when they do not intersect. In this work, a structure tensor extension using a one‐way wave equation is proposed as a tool for estimating directionality in seismic data and images in the presence of conflicting dips. Detection of two intersecting waves is possible in a two‐dimensional case. In three dimensions both two and three intersecting waves can be detected. Moreover, a method for directionality filtering using the estimated directions is proposed. This method makes use of the ideas of a one‐way wave equation but can be applied to generic images not related to wave propagation.