Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonnormal Perturbation Growth of Pure Thermohaline Circulation Using a 2D Zonally Averaged Model

Abstract Generalized linear stability theory is used to calculate the optimal initial conditions that result in transient amplification of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in a zonally averaged single-basin ocean model. The eigenmodes of the tangent linear model verify that the system is asymptotically stable, but the nonnormality of the system permits the growth of perturbations for a finite period through the interference of nonorthogonal eigenmodes. It is found that the maximum amplification of the THC anomalies occurs after 6 yr with both the thermally and salinity-driven components playing major roles in the amplification process. The transient amplification of THC anomalies is due to the constructive and destructive interference of a large number of eigenmodes, and the evolution over time is determined by how the interference pattern evolves. It is found that five of the most highly nonnormal eigenmodes are critical to the initial cancellation of the salinity and temperature contributions to the T.
High flow, low shear impellers versus high shear impellers; dispersion of oil drops in water and other examples

Flow patterns generated by two ChemShear impellers, CS 2 and CS 4 have been measured and ﬂow numbers calculated; Fl = 0 . 04 for both impellers. Transient and equilibrium drop sizes, 𝑑 32 μ m of 3 diﬀerent viscosity silicone oils agitated by a high-shear Rushton turbine, RT, a low-shear, high-ﬂow HE3 impeller and the two ChemShears were determined. The equilibrium 𝑑 32 are correlated for all impellers, by 𝑑 32 = 1300 ( 𝜀 𝑇 ) − 0 . 58 max.sv 𝑣 0 . 14 with an 𝑅 2 = 0 . 94. However, the time to reach steady state and the equilibrium size at the same speciﬁc power do not match the above descriptors of each impeller’s characteristics. In other literature, these descriptors are also misleading. In the case of mixing time, a high shear RT of the same size as a high ﬂow HE3 requires the same time at the same speciﬁc power in vessels of 𝐻 / 𝑇 = 1. In bioprocessing, where concern for damage to cells is always present, free suspension animal cell culture with high shear RTs and low-shear impellers is equally eﬀective; and with mycelial fermentations, damage to mycelia is greater with low shear than high. The problems with these descriptors have been known for some time but mixer manufacturers and ill-informed users and researchers continue to employ them.
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of anti-obesity drugs for chronic weight management: a systematic review of literature

Introduction Pharmacological therapy is recommended as a second-line alternative to reverse obesity. Currently, five anti-obesity drugs (AODs) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for chronic weight management. The aim of this paper is to investigate the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of AODs through a systematic review with a special focus on methodological considerations. Methods We searched the general and specific databases to identify the primary pharmacoeconomic evaluation of AODs. Results A total of 18 full-text articles and three conference abstracts were included in this review. Most of the economic assessments were still about Orlistat. And the observations we could make were consistent with the previous systematic review. A few studies were on the combined therapies (i.e. PHEN/TPM ER and NB ER) compared to different comparators, which could hardly lead to a generalized summary of the cost-effectiveness. Most recently, pharmacoeconomic evidence on the newest GLP 1 RA approved for the indication of obesity or obesity with at least one comorbidity emerged gradually. Modelling-based cost-utility analysis is the major type of assessment method. In the modelling studies, a manageable number of the key health states and the state transitions were structured to capture the disease progression. In particular, the principal structure of the decision model adopted in the three studies on the newly approved drug was nearly the same, which enables more in-depth comparisons and generalizations of the findings. Conclusion This study provided an up-to-date overview of the strengths and areas for improvement in the methodological design of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the licensed drugs for chronic weight management. Future modelling evaluations would benefit from a better understanding of the long-term weight loss effects of the current therapeutic options and the weight rebound process after the discontinuation of treatment. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID=CRD42022302648, identifier CRD42022302648.
US-Byte: An Efficient Communication Framework for Scheduling Unequal-Sized Tensor Blocks in Distributed Deep Learning

The communication bottleneck severely constrains the scalability of distributed deep learning, and efficient communication scheduling accelerates distributed DNN training by overlapping computation and communication tasks. However, existing approaches based on tensor partitioning are not efficient and suffer from two challenges: 1) the fixed number of tensor blocks transferred in parallel can not necessarily minimize the communication overheads; 2) although the scheduling order that preferentially transmits tensor blocks close to the input layer can start forward propagation in the next iteration earlier, the shortest per-iteration time is not obtained. In this paper, we propose an efficient communication framework called US-Byte. It can schedule unequal-sized tensor blocks in a near-optimal order to minimize the training time. We build the mathematical model of US-Byte by two phases: 1) the overlap of gradient communication and backward propagation, and 2) the overlap of gradient communication and forward propagation. We theoretically derive the optimal solution for the second phase and efficiently solve the first phase with a low-complexity algorithm. We implement the US-Byte architecture on PyTorch framework. Extensive experiments on two different 8-node GPU clusters demonstrate that US-Byte can achieve up to 1.26x and 1.56x speedup compared to ByteScheduler and WFBP, respectively. We further exploit simulations of 128 GPUs to verify the potential scaling performance of US-Byte. Simulation results show that US-Byte can achieve up to 1.69x speedup compared to the state-of-the-art communication framework.
Unveiling the Influence of Empowerment Leadership on Employee Loyalty: the Mediating Role of Employee Trust and Job Satisfaction

This study examines the influence of empowerment leadership on employee loyalty under the mediating roles of employee trust and job satisfaction among medical staff at the private healthcare system. The investigation was conducted by surveying 374 doctors, nurses, and other medical staffs within 19 cities/provinces in the south of Vietnam. The SmartPLS software was used to conduct the partial least squared structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The findings from the PLS-SEM analysis reveal that empowerment leadership has a direct positive influence on the employee loyalty to the organization of medical staff as well as a positive impact on intermediate variables such as employee trust and employee job satisfaction. On the other hand, the intermediate variables employee trust and employee job satisfaction also have a positive impact on the employee loyalty toward the organization. This research not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge by evaluating the relationship between employee trust, empowerment leadership, job satisfaction, and employee loyalty but also offers valuable recommendations for the management board of private healthcare organizations in southern Vietnam.
Diffraction Separation and Least-Squares Imaging Based on Multiscale and Multidirectional Wavefield and Image Decomposition

Diffraction separation and imaging are important for subsurface discontinuities characterization. However, conventional diffraction separation methods may lose validity when the diffractions and reflections do not have discernible differences in data domain. Moreover, due to limited acquisition geometry and narrow frequency band of seismic data, the diffraction imaging methods that use conventional ray-based or wave-equation-based migration operators may produce images with low resolution. We propose a diffraction separation and least-squares imaging method based on multiscale and multidirectional wavefield and image decomposition. First, by using the multiscale and multidirectional properties of the generalized curvelet transform, we reproduce the diffractions from the plane-wave sections according to the differences between the diffractions and reflections in terms of scale and angle. When the diffractions and reflections do not have discernible differences in data domain, their migrated images generally have different dip angles. Therefore, we propose a plane-wave least-squares diffraction imaging method with a curvelet-domain regularization, which suppresses the images of residual reflections with small dip angles. Finally, we obtain high-resolution images of the subsurface discontinuities by using a regularized conjugate gradient method. Synthetic and field data examples verify the superiority of the proposed diffraction separation method over the plane-wave destruction (PWD) filter in terms of better suppression of the reflections and better recovery of the diffractions. Compared with plane-wave reverse time migration, the proposed diffraction imaging method effectively suppresses the residual reflectors and produces images with higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
Evaluation of the knee joint with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract The knee joint relies on a combination of deep and superficial structures for stability and function. Both ultrasound and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging are extremely useful in evaluating these structures and associated pathology. This article reviews a combination of critical anatomic structures, joint abnormalities, and pathologic conditions at the knee joint, while highlighting the merits, limitations, and pitfalls of the two imaging modalities. A clear appreciation of each method paired with its relative strengths will aid in expediting diagnosis and appropriate treatment for a wide range of knee joint conditions.
Water Supply Reliability Tradeoffs between Removing Reservoir Storage and Improving Water Conveyance in California

Population growth, climate change, aging infrastructure, and changing societal values alter how water must be managed in the 21st Century. O'Shaughnessy Dam, located in Yosemite National Park, has been identified as a possible candidate for dam removal. It is a component of San Francisco's Hetch Hetchy System and is operated for water supply and hydropower. This article describes a spatially scaled approach to analyze water reliability without O'Shaughnessy Dam, but with improved water conveyance between the Hetch Hetchy System and existing reservoirs and aqueducts at the watershed, regional Bay Area, and statewide scales. It broadens previous research to highlight larger scale implications of removing O'Shaughnessy Dam and evaluates the role of improved water conveyance for water management. CALifornia Value Integrated Network, a large‐scale hydro‐economic model evaluates intertied water management using estimated urban and agricultural water demands for year 2050 with 72‐year historical and warm, dry hydrologic conditions. Results suggest that O'Shaughnessy Dam can be removed with additional conveyance at any spatial scale while maintaining water reliability. With a warm, dry climate, water reliability, and storage decline, indicating removing O'Shaughnessy Dam may have less effect on water management than climate change when conveyance is improved between the Hetch Hetchy System and nearby systems. Improving water conveyance can sometimes substitute for water storage in storage‐rich watersheds.
Therapeutic Mode of Action of Methotrexate

Objectives: Methotrexate (MTX) has been used in clinical practice for over a half-century and its action mechanism is believed to rely on the direct inhibition of DNA synthesis leading to suppression of cell proliferation. However, its anti-inflammatory action mechanism is not fully explained. In some autoimmune or overactive immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, it has been demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17/lL-22 pathway plays a key role in disease pathogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the suppressive action of MTX on the IL[1]23/1 L-17/1 L-22 pathway in psoriasis. Methods: We made a model of psoriasis on mice using imiquimod (IMQ). The mice were divided into three groups: disease-free control group and disease-induced groups with no treatment and MTX-treatment. Clinical, histological and immunological parameters were evaluated among the groups. Results: Treatment with MTX decreased the psoriatic skin changes and the histological alterations induced by IMQ. MTX exerted its treatment effects via inhibition of the main players in the pathogenetic axis, the IL-23, IL-17A, F and IL-22, that were found to be increased in the diseased mice. Regulatory T cells expressing CTLA4 or GITR or PD1 molecules on their surface were not related to these decrements. Conclusion: The therapeutic action mechanism of MTX is related to the direct inhibition of the IL-23/1 L-17/1 L-22 pathway, but not the induction of inhibitory molecules or expansion of regulatory T cells.
The Development of Guidebook for Implementing Online Learning through Google Classroom Assisted by Zoom as a WFH Solution for Elementary School Teachers

Education in Indonesia has been affected by the Covid-19, which was followed up by closing schools and replacing them with studying/ teaching online from home (WFH). Since its implementation in several provinces, many teachers have started to get confused about teaching their students because there is no online learning guide. A preliminary study conducted at the Drupadi Cluster shows that many teachers experience difficulties in implementing online learning. This research aims to develop an online learning guide book through Google Classroom assisted by Zoom that is valid, effective, and practical for elementary teachers. It is an R&D that refers to the 4-D model from Thiagarajan. The trial subjects were 40 teachers. Data collection techniques used tests, observations, questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed by qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The guidebook has met the valid criteria, with the average score obtained from three validators is 3.56. The guidebook is also effective for increasing teachers' knowledge of online learning as evidenced by the N-gain results amounted to 0.60, included in the moderate category. It is also effective in improving their online teaching skills, as proven by the average score of 20.3 (very high). It has also met the practical criteria indicated by all teachers' average response scores of 55.38 (very positive). The developed guidebook has met the criteria of being valid, effective, and practical to help elementary teachers deal with online learning during WFH. © IEOM Society International.
Application of Computer-Assisted System in Manufacturing Units of Communication Devices

In this paper the author has developed a computer assisted system which could help the Industrial engineers to practice ergonomics in the manufacturing industries in a more convenient manner. Development of ergonomics guidelines for particular industry has been a very meticulous task for most ergonomist. As it involves various components to understand and assess the work and workplace. In this paper, the authors have taken a step ahead to develop software which could guide the users in implementing ergonomics at their workplace. Also a case study of a small manufacturing unit of communication devices is made to present the implementation of ergonomic tools.
High-Precision Monocular Vision Guided Robotic Assembly Based on Local Pose Invariance

Industrial robots provide a new production mode for automatic assembly. However, the motion accuracy of robots is hard to meet high-precision assembly requirements in many current scenarios. To address this issue, this article proposes a robotics assembly strategy based on local pose invariance, achieving a high-precision assembly guided by a monocular camera. This assembly strategy combines monocular measurements with local reference poses, providing a new assembly pose solution chain that effectively mitigates the accumulation of errors caused by the lengthy coordinate chain propagation. Next, a monocular visual measurement method based on 3-D–2-D matching is introduced, which improves the traditional matching model and enhances the efficiency and accuracy of the measurement process by directly mapping 2-D pixel coordinates to 3-D coordinates. This measurement method is universal and applicable to both calibration and actual assembly. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed assembly method is suitable for both hole-to-hole and peg-in-hole tasks and can adapt to assembling different components, realizing a final error better than 0.26 mm within a range of approximately 4 m.
Reconstruction d'image pour la mission SMOS

Synthetic aperture imaging radiometers are powerful sensors for high-resolution observations of the Earth at low microwaves frequencies. Within this context, the European Space Agency is currently developing the SMOS mission devoted to the monitoring of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity at global scale from L-band space borne radiometric observations obtained with a two-dimensional interferometer. This mission is the first attempt to apply to remote sensing of the Earth's surface, the concept of imaging radiometry by aperture synthesis, initially developped in radio astronomy. This paper is concerned with the reconstruction of radiometric brightness temperature maps from interferometric measurements. More exactly, it extends the approach selected by the European Space Agency to the case of the processing of interferometric data obtained in horizontal and vertical polarization.
Lightweight PUF-Based Gate Replacement Technique to Reduce Leakage of Information through Power Profile Analysis

— The major challenge faced by electronic device designers is to defend the system from attackers and malicious modules called Hardware Trojans and to deliver a secured design. Although there are many cryptographic preventive measures in place adversaries find different ways to attack the device. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attack is a type of Side Channel Attacks, used by an attacker to analyze the power leakage in the circuit, through which the functionality of the circuit is extracted. To overcome this, a lightweight approach is proposed in this paper using, Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL) technique, without incurring any additional resource cost and power. The primary objective of WDDL is to make the power consumption constant of an entire circuit by restricting the leakage power. The alternate strategy used by an adversary is to leak the information through reverse engineering. The proposed work avoids this by using a bit sequencer and a modified butterfly PUF based randomizing architecture. A modified version of butterfly PUF is also proposed in this paper, and from various qualitative tests performed it is evident that this PUF can prevent information leakage. This work is validated on ISCAS 85, ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits and the results obtained indicate that the difference in leakage power is found to be very marginal.
Deformation Analysis in Aluminium Magnesium Alloy Using Digital Image Correlation

Image processing is extensively used to examine surface deformations. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) detects two-dimensional subpixel displacements in two images to analyze deformations in geomechanical structures. In this study, the analysis is done on an aluminium-magnesium alloy. An optical microscope is used to capture the image, which is then processed and utilized to anticipate material deformation. To acquire findings of strain points on the material, the Ncorr application in the MATLAB environment is employed. Strain graphs on the Exx, Exy, and Eyy axes, as well as U-displacement and V- displacement graphs, are generated to detect the deformation.
Competition between ryegrass and annual bluegrass due to the establishment time and the shoots and roots strata

Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is an important forage and suffers negative interference from weeds, like annual bluegrass ( Poa annua L.). The competition of annual bluegrass with ryegrass can interfere with crop growth and reduce the amount of forage for animal feed. We aimed to evaluate the interference of annual bluegrass in ryegrass crops through the differentiation of niche and establishment. Two experiments were carried out testing different competition strata (shoot, root, and both) and ryegrass establishment with or after annual bluegrass, with increasing populations of annual bluegrass (0, 35, 139, 279, 419 plants m –2 ). The variables were plant height, height length of the root system, stem diameter, and fresh weight of shoot and root systems of ryegrass. The negative interference of growing populations of annual bluegrass occurred when in competition for the shoot and root systems of ryegrass. The fresh weight of shoots and roots were impacted when competing for the same strata. Ryegrass, established after the population of annual bluegrass, showed less competitive capacity. The negative interference of annual bluegrass in ryegrass is greater when the plants fully compete for the resources of the environment, and when the ryegrass establishes after the competitor.
Text-to-Event Retrieval in Aerial Videos

Recent years have seen a rise in the use of video sensors in remote sensing (RS) as they represent a rich source for understanding earth dynamics and human activities. Accordingly, the volume of RS video data has rapidly increased. Accessing a video of interest from large repositories through text-to-video retrieval is preferable due to its flexibility and efficiency. In this letter, we propose a text-to-event retrieval model for aerial videos. The architecture of our model consists of two branches. The first is the video branch that extracts frame-level features from the video by using the vision transformer (ViT). Then, these features are concatenated into a unified representation and fed into a temporal attention module to incorporate the temporal aspects. The second branch is the text branch that extracts textual representations from the query by the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERTs). The two branches are trained jointly on video and text pairs by minimizing a bidirectional contrastive loss. Experimental results on the CapERA dataset, which is an extension of the event recognition in aerial video (ERA) dataset, show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The dataset will be available at https://www.github. com/yakoubbazi/CapEra.