Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drinking Wastewater

In the coming decades, highly treated wastewater, known as reclaimed water, is slated to be a major element of municipal water supplies. In particular, planners propose supplementing drinking water with reclaimed water as a sustainable solution to the growing challenge of urban water scarcity. Public opposition is currently considered the primary barrier to implementing successful potable water reuse projects; nonetheless, public responses to reclaimed water are not well understood. Based on a survey of over 250 residents of Tucson, Arizona, this article assesses the relationship between trust in the professional institutions responsible for municipal water development and willingness to drink reclaimed water. Results demonstrate that public acceptance of potable reuse is contingent on trust in the authorities who influence design of sociotechnical systems for water supply and reuse—including water and wastewater utilities, regulators, consultants, academics, and elected local officials. Findings emphasize the highly interdependent social and political factors that inform personal decisions to support or reject potable reuse. The authors suggest that achieving greater acceptance of potable reuse will require bringing local and regional water policy in line with public values, as well as finding ways to incorporate these values into the planning process.
Enhancing exposure therapy for specific phobias using a pre-treatment fear priming task

Recent animal and human research suggest that a behavioral prime before extinction training lessen the spontaneous recovery of learned fear. These findings would have large ranging implications if they could be applied to the treatment of specific phobias in which spontaneous recovery is often problematic. The present study examined the effects of a behavioral prime paired with exposure therapy versus exposure therapy alone on snake and spider phobics return of fear at one-month follow-up. The findings did not support the proposed hypothesis that those in the primed group would show a significant lessening in return of fear. The study findings do not support the current research, but there were a number of steps that may be taken in the future to gain more objective measurements.
Early Graphic Evidence of Dextrality in Man

from Egypt. Certain Egyptian tombs contain wall decorations depicting workers engaged in various daily activities which are uni~nanual or in which che two hands are used unequally. In the main, these pictures represent slaves and servants who are performing services for che noble or wealthy man for whom a particular tomb was constructed. The analysis which follows is based upon published reproductions of che murals in Egyptian tombs. As the originals have in many instances undergone considerable damage or deterioration since chey were copied, at the present time the copies are the best source of data. The earliesc era from which paintings are available in numbers sufficient to warrant quantitative analysis is that of about 2500 B.C., the close of the eleventh and che beginning of the twelfth dynasty. The data come from the combs of Beni Hasan. Copies of line drawings were made under che auspice of the Egypt Exploration Fund of Great Bricain and were published between 1893-1900 ~~nder the editorship of F. L. Griffich (6). In this material we have recorded a figure as representing handedness if it shows a person performing a skilled act by means of one hand alone, or if it shows a bimanual act in which one hand is clearly performing the dominant or more difficult role. Thus if an archer's left hand holds the bow and the right hand the arrow, rhe picture is recorded as indicating dexcralicy. Similarly, a right-handed scribe is one who wrices wich his right hand, holding the writing material wich his left. We have excluded from our tabulations inscances of relatively unskilled unimanual acts, such as merely holding or carrying an object, and bimanual acts in which the two hands appear to be used equally, as in lifting a heavy object. * In the Beni Hasan pictures there are 120 usable inscances of hand pref'In seeking graphic evidence for the antiquity of right-handedness in man, attention is namrally first directed to the paintings and carvings on the walls of French and Spanish caves, which have been studied chiefly by Brueil and his collaborators. From the point of view of dextrality, these early works of art prove to be disappointing. When the human figure is depicted it is often shown in a posture not indicative of action. When action is represented, the human figure is usually shown with the fronto-dorsal surfaces parallel to the surface on which it is drawn but, because it is shown without facial features, one cannot tell whether the person is facing toward or away from the viewer. In consequence, it is not possible to distinguish with certimde between the right and the left hand. Because of the character of these representations, it is scarcely possible to analyze them for indications of the prevalent hand-preference at the time this cave art was produced. 'As the error involved in these judgements of which hand a person was using was felt to be very small, reliability was not estimated. Also, since the data are published, the study may be easily replicated.
Jung, entrelinhas: reflexões sobre os fundamentos da teoria junguiana com base no estudo do tema individuação em Cartas

This article is a contribution to the maturity of Analytic Psychological. The article intended to analyze Carl Gustav Jung's individuation concept. It was intended to clarify so- me of the scientific foundations of his theory, as well as to weave considerations about some conceptual failures was analyzed fragments associated to the themes of "individuation" and "individuation process" across the three volumes of Letters, by Jung. It was identified, through those volumes, The results evidence aspects of the individuation concept and other concepts. Some important result is the coherence of the Jungian paradigm foundations, which can be found through the analyzed volumes.
A Novel Design ofUltra-Wideband Antenna (UWB) Using Slot-Based Structures

Radio communications usingultra wideband ( UWB )frequency have rapidly developed since the beginning of the year 2000. This technique offers advantages that made it attractive to a large number of civilian andmilitary applications. The aim of this work is the study of the geometry features of a UWB an tenna and the improvement of the bandwidth by inserting slot s.To obtaina very large bandwidth operatingfrom 2 GHZ to11 GHZ we have inserted slotboth on ground plane and antenna.
An Experts Algorithm for Transfer Learning

A long-lived agent continually faces new tasks in its environment. Such an agent may be able to use knowledge learned in solving earlier tasks to produce candidate policies for its current task. There may, however, be multiple reasonable policies suggested by prior experience, and the agent must choose between them potentially without any a priori knowledge about their applicability to its current situation. We present an "experts" algorithm for efficiently choosing amongst candidate policies in solving an unknown Markov decision process task. We conclude with the results of experiments on two domains in which we generate candidate policies from solutions to related tasks and use our experts algorithm to choose amongst them.
Who Will Stay and Who Will Leave? Predicting Secondary English Teacher Attrition Risk

Although there are considerable large-scale data on teacher attrition, few researchers have culled information specifically related to English teachers’ risk for attrition. This study examines the effects of teacher characteristics, teaching conditions, student variables, self-efficacy, external support, and salary on secondary English language arts teachers’ attrition risk. Data from the 2003-2004 Schools and Staffing Survey, a comprehensive nationally representative survey of teachers, principals, and schools conducted by the National Center for Educational Statistics, were examined. Based on logistic regression analysis, the three most significant predictors for teacher attrition risk were (a) being a minority teacher, (b) years of teaching experience, and (c) teacher apathy. Implications for future investigations of English teacher retention and attrition are discussed.
Imaging tumor hypoxia by magnetic resonance methods

Tumor hypoxia results from the negative balance between the oxygen demands of the tissue and the capacity of the neovasculature to deliver sufficient oxygen. The resulting oxygen deficit has important consequences with regard to the aggressiveness and malignancy of tumors, as well as their resistance to therapy, endowing the imaging of hypoxia with vital repercussions in tumor prognosis and therapy design. The molecular and cellular events underlying hypoxia are mediated mainly through hypoxia‐inducible factor, a transcription factor with pleiotropic effects over a variety of cellular processes, including oncologic transformation, invasion and metastasis. However, few methodologies have been able to monitor noninvasively the oxygen tensions in vivo. MRI and MRS are often used for this purpose. Most MRI approaches are based on the effects of the local oxygen tension on: (i) the relaxation times of 19F or 1H indicators, such as perfluorocarbons or their 1H analogs; (ii) the hemodynamics and magnetic susceptibility effects of oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin; and (iii) the effects of paramagnetic oxygen on the relaxation times of tissue water. 19F MRS approaches monitor tumor hypoxia through the selective accumulation of reduced nitroimidazole derivatives in hypoxic zones, whereas electron spin resonance methods determine the oxygen level through its influence on the linewidths of appropriate paramagnetic probes in vivo. Finally, Overhauser‐enhanced MRI combines the sensitivity of EPR methodology with the resolution of MRI, providing a window into the future use of hyperpolarized oxygen probes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact Inversion of the Cone Transform Arising in an Application of a Compton Camera Consisting of Line Detectors

A Compton camera has been suggested for use in single photon emission computed tomography because a conventional gamma camera has low efficiency. Here we consider a cone transform brought about by a Compton camera with line detectors. A cone transform takes a given function on the 3-dimensional space and assigns to it the surface integral of the function over cones determined by the 1-dimensional vertex space, the 1-dimensional central axis, and the 1-dimensional opening angle. We generalize this cone transform to $n$-dimensional space and provide an inversion formula. Also, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate our suggested algorithm in three dimensions.
The Relationship of Personality to Affective Disorders: A Critical Review

• Although characterologic constellations such as obsessionalism, dependency, introversion, restricted social skills, and maladaptive self-attributions are popularly linked to the pathogenesis of depressive disorders, the evidence in support of this relationship remains modest. Indeed, many of these attributes may reflect state characteristics woven into the postdepressive personality. Current evidence is strongest for introversion as a possible premorbid trait in primary nonbipolar depressions. By contrast, driven, work-oriented obsessoid, extroverted, cyclothymic, and related dysthymic temperaments appear to be the precursors of bipolar disorders. Other personalities, while not necessarily pathogenic in affective disorders, nevertheless may modify the clinical expression of affective disorders and their prognosis.
Monitoring of Active Human Herpes Virus 6 Infection in Iranian Patients with Different Subtypes of Multiple Sclerosis

Background. Recently, it has been suggested that human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Our purpose is to determine the incidence of reactivated HHV6 in MS patients. Methods. Viral sequence analyzed by qPCR in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), serum, and saliva samples of different subtypes of MS patients (n = 78) and healthy controls (n = 123). HHV6 IgG and IgM antibody levels measured by ELISA technique in the plasma samples of both groups. Likewise, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of some MS patients (n = 38) were analyzed for viral sequence. Results. Results demonstrate increased levels of anti-HHV6-IgG (78.2% versus 76.4% in controls; P = NS), and IgM (34.6% versus 6.5% in controls; P < 0.05) in MS patients. Furthermore, RRMS and SPMS patients showed relatively higher anti-HHV6 IgG and IgM compared to PPMS (P < 0.001). Moreover, load of cell-free viral DNA was higher in RRMS and SPMS patients and detected in 60.2% (47/78) of MS patients, compared with 14.6% (18/123) of healthy controls (P < 0.001). Moreover, load of cell-free viral DNA was higher in RRMS and SPMS patients and detected in 60.2% (47/78) of MS patients, compared with 14.6% (18/123) of healthy controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The results extend the observation of an increased frequency of systemic reactivated HHV6 infection in MS patients with developed stages of disease.
Early antecedents of spouse abuse

Males taken into police custody for reported spouse abuse (n = 19) and a matched control group (n = 19) were asked to describe the drinking habits of their parents and the extent of intra-family violence witnessed by them as children. The retrospective data were compared to the participant's own present alcohol use and aggressiveness (CTS). Excessive paternal drinking and intra-family violence were recalled significantly more often by the spouse abusers than by the controls. A latent structure model suggested that the accumulated violence history was less well predicted by either paternal violence or present aggressiveness than by the direct and indirect effects related to drinking. Context-specific social learning could explain why the parental drunken violence behavior pattern witnessed by the child was repeated by the adult spouse abuser. Aggr. Behav. 23:239–243, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preaching as self-categorisation : analysing a Beyers Naude-sermon by making use of social identity theory

“Obedience to God” was the title of a sermon delivered by dr Beyers Naude on Sunday 22 September 1963 at Aasvoelkop Congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church in Johannesburg, South Africa. The Scripture reading was taken from Acts 5:29 which reads: “We must obey God rather than men. ” On that same occasion he announced his decision to accept the directorship of the Christian Institute of Southern Africa. These events introduced a new phase in the narrative of Naude and his relationship with his people. In this article notions like self-categorisation as part of Social Identity Theory were used as heuristic tools to explore in what ways this sermon-event played a signiﬁcant role in a new phase of self-deﬁnition in Naude’s life story. At the same time the role of preaching as a process of social identity formation (self-categorisation) comes under the spotlight. In conclusion some pointers are given for reﬂection on the reformation of preaching within the context of the Twenty First Century by making use of the Confession of Belhar as a framework for interpretation.
Finding Negative Key Phrases for Internet Advertising Campaigns using Wikipedia

In internet advertising, negative key phrases are used in order to exclude the display of an advertisement to non-target audience. We describe a method for automatically identifying negative key phrases. We use Wikipedia as our sense inventory and as an annotated corpus from which we create context vectors and determine negative phrases, which correlate with negative senses of a positive key phrase.
Reliable Dual Tensor Model Estimation in Single and Crossing Fibers Based on Jeffreys Prior

Purpose This paper presents and studies a framework for reliable modeling of diffusion MRI using a data-acquisition adaptive prior. Methods Automated relevance determination estimates the mean of the posterior distribution of a rank-2 dual tensor model exploiting Jeffreys prior (JARD). This data-acquisition prior is based on the Fisher information matrix and enables the assessment whether two tensors are mandatory to describe the data. The method is compared to Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) of the dual tensor model and to FSL’s ball-and-stick approach. Results Monte Carlo experiments demonstrated that JARD’s volume fractions correlated well with the ground truth for single and crossing fiber configurations. In single fiber configurations JARD automatically reduced the volume fraction of one compartment to (almost) zero. The variance in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the main tensor component was thereby reduced compared to MLE. JARD and MLE gave a comparable outcome in data simulating crossing fibers. On brain data, JARD yielded a smaller spread in FA along the corpus callosum compared to MLE. Tract-based spatial statistics demonstrated a higher sensitivity in detecting age-related white matter atrophy using JARD compared to both MLE and the ball-and-stick approach. Conclusions The proposed framework offers accurate and precise estimation of diffusion properties in single and dual fiber regions.
Analysis of the restriction to the growth of nonegg-adapted human influenza virus in eggs.

When nonegg-adapted human influenza virus, i.e., either the natural virus present in a clinical specimen or an isolate propagated exclusively in tissue culture cells, is first passaged in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens' eggs, variants which have amino acid substitutions around the receptor binding site are selected. We have studied the biological basis for the restriction of MDCK cell-derived virus to growth in the egg by analyzing the relative binding activities of viruses derived from the same clinical specimen, one in MDCK cells and one in eggs, and have identified a difference between the interaction of egg- and cell-derived virus with the surface of allantoic cells. The majority population of MDCK cell-derived virus binds to but fails to be internalized by allantoic cells resulting in the selection of variants which have this ability.
Neural modeling of the blood glucose level for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients

This paper presents the application of a recurrent multilayer perceptron neural network for modeling blood glucose dynamics in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Training is performed based on an extended Kalman filtering (EKF) learning algorithm. Then, the EKF performance is compared with the well-known Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithm. The goal is to derive a dynamical mathematical model for T1DM considering the response of a patient to meal and subcutaneous insulin infusion. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to propose a modeling methodology for blood glucose dynamics based in Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Experimental data, given by a continuous glucose monitoring system, are utilized for identification purposes and for applicability trials of the proposed scheme in T1DM therapy.
Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in ADHD identifies genes for brain and muscle function

Abstract Objectives. Motor coordination problems are frequent in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genes contributing to motor coordination problems, hypothesizing that the presence of such problems in children with ADHD may identify a sample of reduced genetic heterogeneity. Methods. Children with ADHD from the International Multicentre ADHD Genetic (IMAGE) study were evaluated with the Parental Account of Children's Symptoms. Genetic association testing was performed in PLINK on 890 probands with genome-wide genotyping data. Bioinformatics enrichment-analysis was performed on highly ranked findings. Further characterization of the findings was conducted in 313 Dutch IMAGE children using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Results. Although none of the findings reached genome-wide significance, bioinformatics analysis of the top-ranked findings revealed enrichment of genes for motor neuropathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Genes involved in neurite outgrowth and muscle function were also enriched. Among the highest ranked genes were MAP2K5, involved in restless legs syndrome, and CHD6, causing motor coordination problems in mice. Further characterization of these findings using DCD-Q subscales found nominal association for 15 SNPs. Conclusions. Our findings provide clues about the aetiology of motor coordination problems, but replication studies in independent samples are necessary.
African sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change

African Sacred Groves brings together a multidisciplinary collection of essays, each addressing landscapes where forests, people, and cosmological actors meet. The volume opens with a crisp introductory chapter by the co-editors, Michael J. Sheridan and Celia Nyamweru, who forcefully argue that researchers commonly use terms associated with climax vegetation found in ‘relic’ primeval forests to describe African sacred groves. The co-editors suggest ‘relic theory’ roots the groves, and by extension the people worshiping within them, to a static pre-colonial past. In chapter 2, Sheridan presents a robust argument against relic theory, which he characterises as beguiling due to its essentialising nature, as well as its appeal to academics and conservationists who yearn to preserve idealistically historicised forest landscapes. As an alternative, Sheridan calls for Africanist researchers to address the ongoing mosaic of cultural and historical processes converging on sacred groves, such as globalised economic networks and climate change. Eleven case studies follow Sheridan’s theoretical programmatic. Common to most of the chapters is a nuanced discussion of the political, social and economic negotiations involved in ‘hybrid science’, a research programme aimed at conserving the biodiversity of sacred groves, while at the same time allowing for local self-determination in forest management. Certain chapters stand out. In chapter 8, Eric Ross provides vivid descriptions of the brazen theatres of social action taking place at the base of Senegalese kapok palaver and baobab trees. Similarly, in chapter 4, Celia Nyamweru, Staline Kibet, Mohammed Pakia and John Cooke focus on the local political action of Mijikenda community elders who serve as gatekeepers against those who would harvest building materials from the Kaya forests of coastal Kenya. Apparently, deliberation and ceremonial gifting has the effect of slowing forest thinning. Mijikenda community elders do not undertake these efforts for the sake of conservation, but in service of local social and political action, a theme revisited with concern by several of the volume’s authors. In chapter 10, Ute Siebert describes the Bassila region of Bénin where forests are not considered permanently sacred, but are spared the axe if they are currently serving as abodes of constantly moving gods. Thus, Siebert concludes that conservation efforts cannot rely solely on religious sanctions upheld by transient gods and must include economic incentives to build local interest in preservation. Similar cosmological concerns emerge from Alma Gottlieb’s well-executed chapter entitled ‘Loggers v. Spirits’ on the rain forests of the Ivory Coast. Gottlieb describes corporate loggers