Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Estrogen Receptor β in Transplacental Cancer Prevention by Indole-3-Carbinol

In the present study, the efficacy of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a key bioactive component of cruciferous vegetables, for prevention of cancer in offspring exposed in utero to the environmental carcinogen dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) was evaluated using an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) knockout mouse model. I3C was provided either through the maternal diet coincident with carcinogen exposure during pregnancy or directly to offspring postinitiation with DBC. I3C was effective at reducing T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-ALL)–related mortality in offspring only if provided via the maternal diet, although a gender difference in the role of ERβ in mediating this response was evident. In female offspring, chemoprevention of T-ALL by maternal dietary I3C required expression of ERβ; survival in Esr2 wild-type and heterozygous female offspring was more than 90% compared with 66% in Esr2 null females. Alternatively, ERβ status did not significantly impact the transplacental chemoprevention by I3C in males. The possible role of ERβ in mediating lung carcinogenesis or chemoprevention by I3C was similarly complicated. Lung tumor incidence was unaltered by either dietary intervention, whereas lung tumor multiplicity was substantially reduced in Esr2 null females on the control diet and marginally lower in Esr2 null males exposed to I3C via the maternal diet compared with their wild-type and heterozygous counterparts. These findings suggest that I3C may act via ERβ to prevent or suppress DBC-initiated transplacental carcinogenesis but that the involvement of this receptor seems to differ depending on the cancer type and gender of the offspring. Cancer Prev Res; 6(4); 339–48. ©2013 AACR.
Association of Genetic Variants with Isolated Fasting Hyperglycaemia and Isolated Postprandial Hyperglycaemia in a Han Chinese Population

Background Though multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with type 2 diabetes have been identified, the genetic bases of isolated fasting hyperglycaemia (IFH) and isolated postprandial hyperglycaemia (IPH) were still unclear. In present study, we aimed to investigate the association of genome-wide association study-validated genetic variants and IFH or IPH in Han Chinese. Methods/Principal Findings We genotyped 27 validated SNPs in 6,663 unrelated individuals comprising 341 IFH, 865 IPH, 1,203 combined fasting hyperglycaemia and postprandial hyperglycaemia, and 4,254 normal glycaemic subjects of Han ancestry. The distributions of genotype frequencies of FTO, CDKAL1 and GCKR were significant different between individuals with IFH and those with IPH (SNP(ptrend): rs8050136(0.0024), rs9939609(0.0049), rs7756992(0.0122), rs780094(0.0037)). Risk allele of FTO specifically increased the risk of IFH (rs8050136: OR 1.403 [95% CI 1.125–1.750], p = 0.0027; rs9939609: 1.398 [1.120–1.744], p = 0.0030). G allele of CDKAL1 specifically increased the risk of IPH (1.217 [1.092–1.355], p = 0.0004). G allele of GCKR increased the risk of IFH (1.167 [0.999–1.362], p = 0.0513), but decreased the risk of IPH (0.891 [0.801–0.991], p = 0.0331). In addition, TCF7L2 and KCNQ1 increased the risk of both IFH and IPH. When combined, each additional risk allele associated with IFH increased the risk for IFH by 1.246-fold (p<0.0001), while each additional risk allele associated with IPH increased the risk for IPH by 1.190-fold (p<0.0001). Conclusion/Significance Our results indicate that genotype distributions of variants from FTO, GCKR, CDKAL1 were different between IPH and IFH in Han Chinese. Variants of genes modulating insulin sensitivity (FTO, GCKR) contributed to the risk of IFH, while variants of genes related to beta cell function (CDKAL1) increase the risk of IPH.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 95

Abstract— The Meteoritical Bulletin No. 95 reports 1093 (282 non‐Antarctic and 801 Antarctic) newly approved meteorite names and their recovery histories, macroscopic descriptions, petrography, mineral compositions and geochemistry. Meteorites reported include lunar meteorites, eucrites, mesosiderites, angrites, ureilites, an acapulcoite, and H, L, LL, R, CO, CM, CK and CV chondrites. Three new falls, the Bunburra Rockhole (Australia) eucrite and the recent (Nov., 2008) Buzzard Coulee (Canada) H4 chondrite, and Tamdakht (Morocco) H5 chondrite are reported.
3-D models merging based on cost optimization

Model merging is growing to be of great need with the development of 3D modeling and incremental manufacturing. Most current solutions for model merging are by hand. Researches in automatic merging only work in their own simple merging scenarios. This paper looks at the merging problem from a cost optimization perspective. The merged model is re-described by parameters, and requirements of the model, such as smoothness, geometric features and mechanical restriction, are described as a cost function. A framework, Cost Optimization Framework (COF) is presented based on this cost optimization approach. This framework is automatic and flexible. It is applied to a face merging task and achieved promising results.
Involvement of A1 adenosine receptors in osmotic volume regulation of retinal glial cells in mice

Purpose Osmotic swelling of Müller glial cells has been suggested to contribute to retinal edema. We determined the role of adenosine signaling in the inhibition of Müller cell swelling in the murine retina. Methods The size of Müller cell somata was recorded before and during perfusion of retinal sections and isolated Müller cells with a hypoosmolar solution. Retinal tissues were freshly isolated from wild-type mice and mice deficient in A1 adenosine receptors (A1AR−/−), or cultured as whole-mounts for three days. The potassium conductance of Müller cells was recorded in isolated cells, and retinal slices were immunostained against Kir4.1. Results Hypotonic exposure for 4 min induced a swelling of Müller cell bodies in retinal slices from A1AR−/− mice but not wild-type mice. Pharmacological inhibition of A1 receptors or of the ecto-5′-nucleotidase induced hypoosmotic swelling of Müller cells from wild-type mice. Exogenous adenosine prevented the swelling of Müller cells from wild-type but not A1AR−/− mice. The antiinflammatory corticosteroid, triamcinolone acetonide, inhibited the swelling of Müller cells from wild-type mice; this effect was blocked by an antagonist of A1 receptors. The potassium conductance of Müller cells and the Kir4.1 immunolabeling of retinal slices were not different between A1AR−/− and wild-type mice, both in freshly isolated tissues and retinal organ cultures. Conclusions The data suggest that autocrine activation of A1 receptors by extracellularly generated adenosine mediates the volume homeostasis of Müller cells in the murine retina. The swelling-inhibitory effect of triamcinolone is mediated by enhancement of endogenous adenosine signaling.
A conceptual modelling-based approach to generate data value through the end-user interactions: A case study in the genomics domain

In the current Big data ecosystem, identifying the data with the real value to an organization, or in other words the “data value", is a key issue for the decision making process. Understanding data implies a challenging cognitive process, which involves the know-how of domain experts. We propose an approach based on conceptual modelling to discover the data value through the interactions made by users when exploring the data. Our main ideas are: 1) To create a base of domain knowledge represented by interactions; 2) To formalize the interactions of the users with the data ecosystem. Our goal is to express high-level interactions between end-users and the data scenario, which represents the cognitive process followed to enact value from data. Such interactions together a subjacent conceptual model will be the mechanisms to recommend the next data exploring steps. In this paper we provide a solution design to generate value from the huge amount of data.
A Hybrid Intuitionistic Logic: Semantics and Decidability

We study a hybrid intuitionistic modal logic suitable for reasoning about distribution of resources. The modalities of the logic allow validation of properties in a particular place, in some place and in all places. We provide a sound and complete Kripke semantics. We also define a sound and complete birelational semantics, and show that it enjoys the finite model property: if a judgement is not valid in the logic, then there is a finite birelational counter-model. Hence, we prove that the logic is decidable.
Can People Be Trained to Better Detect Deception? Instructor-Led vs. Web-Based Training

Research has long recognized that many biases and shortcomings of humans severely limit their ability to accurately detect deception, and this may lead to great risks in government or military operations. One possible method to improve humans’ deception detection ability is to train them to recognize cues of deception. To do this, we need to create effective training curricula and educational tools. This paper focuses on describing how we use existing research on deception detection to guide the design, development and evaluation of such a training curriculum. Research-authenticated cues of deception are selected, organized and presented as the core of the training curriculum. Real-life examples and analyses are created to illustrate the cues and provide learners detection practice with immediate feedback. Besides traditional instructor-led lecture-based training, we also implement this curriculum with a Web-based, learner-centered multimedia training system called Agent99 Trainer. Experiments are conducted to study the effectiveness of our training curriculum and to compare the two training implementations. The initial results show that our training curriculum significantly improves human deception detection accuracy and the Agent99 Trainer system provides training as effective as the instructor-led, lecture-based training.
Gestational Diabetes: Infant and Maternal Complications of Pregnancy in Relation to Third-Trimester Glucose Tolerance in the Pima Indians

A modified oral glucose tolerance test was done during the third trimester in 811 pregnancies in Pima Indian women over a 13-yr period, and maternal and fetal complications were documented. Diabetes was known to be present in 51 pregnancies. Among those who were not previously known to have diabetes, rates of perinatal mortality, macrosomia, toxemia, and cesarean section varied directly with glucose concentration, but congenital malformation and prematurity rates did not. Rates of all of these complications were higher in known diabetic women than in the remainder of the population. In addition to glucose concentrations, maternal weight and age were predictive of macrosomia and toxemia. Third-trimester glucosuria was found to be of very limited value as a screening procedure for gestational diabetes. In 233 women followed for 4–8 yr, the third-trimester glucose concentration was highly predictive of the subsequent incidence of diabetes.
Likelihood Functions for Galaxy Cluster Surveys

Galaxy cluster surveys offer great promise for measuring cosmological parameters, but survey analysis methods have not been widely studied. Using methods developed decades ago for galaxy clustering studies, it is shown that nearly exact likelihood functions can be written down for galaxy cluster surveys. The sparse sampling of the density field by galaxy clusters allows simplifications that are not possible for galaxy surveys. An application to counts in cells is explicitly tested using cluster catalogs from numerical simulations and it is found that the calculated probability distributions are very accurate at masses above several times 10^{14}h^{-1} solar masses at z=0 and lower masses at higher redshift.
Asymptotic Concentration Behaviors of Linear Combinations of Weight Distributions on Random Linear Code Ensemble

Asymptotic concentration behaviors of linear combinations of weight distributions on the random linear code ensemble are presented. Many important properties of a binary linear code can be expressed as the form of a linear combination of weight distributions such as number of codewords, undetected error probability and upper bound on the maximum likelihood error probability. The key in this analysis is the covariance formula of weight distributions of the random linear code ensemble, which reveals the second-order statistics of a linear function of the weight distributions. Based on the covariance formula, several expressions of the asymptotic concentration rate, which indicate the speed of convergence to the average, are derived.
TIME–FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF THE SUPERORBITAL MODULATION OF THE X-RAY BINARY SMC X-1 USING THE HILBERT–HUANG TRANSFORM

The high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 exhibits a superorbital modulation with a dramatically varying period ranging between ∼40 days and ∼60 days. This research studies the time–frequency properties of the superorbital modulation of SMC X-1 based on the observations made by the All-Sky Monitor (ASM) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We analyzed the entire ASM database collected since 1996. The Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), developed for non-stationary and nonlinear time-series analysis, was adopted to derive the instantaneous superorbital frequency. The resultant Hilbert spectrum is consistent with the dynamic power spectrum as it shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. The RXTE observations show that the superorbital modulation period was mostly between ∼50 days and ∼65 days, whereas it changed to ∼45 days around MJD 50,800 and MJD 54,000. Our analysis further indicates that the instantaneous frequency changed to a timescale of hundreds of days between ∼MJD 51,500 and ∼MJD 53,500. Based on the instantaneous phase defined by HHT, we folded the ASM light curve to derive a superorbital profile, from which an asymmetric feature and a low state with barely any X-ray emissions (lasting for ∼0.3 cycles) were observed. We also calculated the correlation between the mean period and the amplitude of the superorbital modulation. The result is similar to the recently discovered relationship between the superorbital cycle length and the mean X-ray flux for Her X-1.
Alignment of stone‐pavement clasts by unconcentrated overland flow – implications of numerical and physical modelling

The crucial role of stone pavements in arid environments for aeolian or alluvial processes and as numerical dating tools is increasingly acknowledged. This role is based on the assumption that stone pavements are stable landforms, formed gradually over time and predominantly by vertical processes. However, this is challenged by evidence of stone‐pavement clast reworking or burial. Bimodal, mostly slope aspect‐symmetrical clast orientation is a frequent phenomenon in various study areas. It implies that stone pavements may be influenced by unidirectional lateral processes besides vertical ones.
Desmosomes: Structure and Function in Normal and Diseased Epidermis

Desmosomes are important epidermal adhesion complexes that are characterized by a cell‐specific expression of transmembrane cadherins and plaque‐associated molecules. Desmosomes have so far, been implicated in three main disease types: autoimmune diseases that involve desmosome components (such as pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus), congenital diseases that affect intracellular calcium channels (such as Hailey‐Hailey disease and Darier disease) and congenital diseases that directly affect desmosomal structural components. The identification of the first congenital defect affecting a desmosome component was in the gene for plakophilin 1 which caused an autosomal recessive skin fragility‐ectodermal dysplasia syndrome with skin, hair and nail defects. Subsequently, either a haploinsufficiency of desmoplakin or a defect in desmoglein 1 was found to underlie the autosomal dominant condition Striate Palmoplantar Keratoderma. In addition, plakoglobin has been shown to be defective in Naxos disease, which results in a cardiomyopathy and growth of abnormal hair. These findings pave the way for the discovery of further cell cohesion‐related diseases and will help to greatly increase our understanding of the specific function of desmosome and other epithelial junction components.
Twelve-step and cognitive--behavioral treatment for substance abuse: a comparison of treatment effectiveness.

The comparative effectiveness of 12-step and cognitive-behavioral (C-B) models of substance abuse treatment was examined among 3,018 patients from 15 programs at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. Across program types, participants showed significant improvements in functioning from treatment admission to a 1-year follow-up. Although 12-step patients were somewhat more likely to be abstinent at the 1-year follow-up, 12-step, C-B, and combined 12-Step-C-B treatment programs were equally effective in reducing substance use and improving most other areas of functioning. The finding of equal effectiveness was consistent over several treatment subgroups: Patients attending the "purest" 12-step and C-B treatment programs, and patients who had received the "full dose" of treatment. Also, patients with only substance abuse diagnoses, those with concomitant psychiatric diagnoses, and patients who were mandated to treatment showed similar improvement at the 1-year follow-up, regardless of type of treatment received. These data provide important new evidence supporting the effectiveness of 12-step treatment.
Characterization of insulated-gate versus schottky-gate InAs/AlSb HEMTs

Fabrication and characterization of 225 nm gate-length InAs/AlSb HEMTs with excellent RF performance are reported. We show the importance of an insulating layer between the gate and the semiconductor to improve g<sub>m</sub>, f<sub>T</sub> and f<sub>max</sub>, and most important from a noise perspective, the gate-leakage current I<sub>G</sub>. By using an insulated-gate, I<sub>G</sub> was reduced by two orders of magnitude. The insulated-gate HEMTs exhibited extrinsic f<sub>T</sub> and f<sub>max</sub> of 155 GHz and 115 GHz, respectively, at V<sub>DS</sub>=0.5 V.
Growing neural network with hidden neurons

The authors have proposed “growing neural network” in which axons of neurons grow according to the concentration gradient of a chemical substance that are diffused from the output neurons in proportion to the error signal. In this paper, we propose a new technique that enables to obtain an appropriate structure including hidden neurons. The hidden neurons diffuse another chemical substance when they don’t have enough connections with the input neurons. In a simulation, it was examined that an appropriate structure could be formed through the learning of the most popular and simplest non-linear separation problem of “EXOR”.
Selfishness, altruism and utility in everyday two-person random interactions: effects of strong reciprocity, the common good and the costs of competition

Why should we model two-person random interactions in everyday human activity? If we had to how would we model such interactions? This thesis tries to understand how individuals will behave in 2-person everyday interactions as such interactions comprise a substantial part of our everyday lives. It starts to answers these questions by reviewing Adam Smith’s concepts of selfishness (self-interest) and altruism (benevolence) in his books, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) and The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1790) to put this research into context. This literature review is extended to strong reciprocity that develops on the ideas of selfishness and altruism and explains how punishment can impact such behaviour. Game theory and complex system are used to develop the 2-person random interaction model (2PRIM) in order to explain the evolutionary dynamics of selfishness, altruism and strong reciprocity within such interactions. Previous two-person models have not simulated random interactions with strong reciprocity. Results show that selfishness increases rapidly in such interactions and punishment has little or no impact in such situations. However, an increase in the return on selfishness, common or public good or cost of competition in 2PRIM can have a similar impact as strong reciprocity in such two-person random interactions.
On Large-Scale Magnetic Field Reversals in the Outer Galaxy

We combine the observations of rotation measures of extragalactic radio sources from the Canadian Galactic Plane Survey and pulsars to investigate the question of magnetic field reversals in the outer Galaxy. Our results are consistent with there being no reversal in the Galactic magnetic field beyond the solar radius. We reconcile our conclusions with the results of previous studies that have been used to argue the presence of such reversals.
Data Prediction in Manufacturing: An Improved Approach Using Least Squares Support Vector Machines

Support vector machine (SVM) is a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression based on statistical learning theory. In this paper, we present a least squares support vector machines (LSSVM) regression method based on relative error for manufacturing industries to estimate the true value of imprecise measured data during production logistics process. Our method has already been successfully applied in Manufacturing Execution System (MES) of some petrochemical enterprises in China.
CALM networks: a modular approach to supervised and unsupervised learning

The authors discuss some problems in learning networks. They propose a new learning procedure, CALM (Categorizing And Learning Module). CALM uses pairs of excitatory representation nodes and inhibitory veto nodes, bound together in a modular structure with an arousal node. Learning in the module is enhanced by a nonspecific external node connected to the arousal node. The system is capable of both supervised and unsupervised learning and can both discriminate and generalize across similar patterns. A system constructed out of several CALM modules is shown to learn the XOR relationship with supervised and unsupervised presentation. It also models list recall and word completion memory tasks and can learn, unsupervised, handwritten digits and recognize them with unknown authors. <<ETX>>