Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Inference-Based Estimation of Hourly Primary and Secondary Organic Carbon at Suburban Hong Kong: Multi-temporal Scale Variations and Evolution Characteristics during PM 2.5 episodes

Observation-based data of primary and secondary organic carbon in ambient particulate matter (PM) are essential for model evaluation, climate and air quality research, health effects assessment, and mitigation policy 15 development. Since there are no direct measurement tools available to quantify primary organic (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) as separate quantities, their estimation relies on inference approaches using relevant measurable PM constituents. In this study, we measured hourly carbonaceous components and major ions in PM 2.5 for a year and a half in suburban Hong Kong from July 2020 to December 2021. We differentiated POC and SOC using a novel Bayesian inference approach, with sulfate identified as the most suitable SOC tracer. The hourly POC and SOC data 20 allowed us to examine temporal characteristics varying from diurnal and weekly patterns to seasonal variations, as well as their evolution characteristics during individual PM 2.5 episodes. A total of 65 city-wide PM 2.5 episodes were identified throughout the entire studied period, with SOC contributions during individual episodes varying from 10% to 66%. In summertime typhoon episodes, elevated SOC levels were observed during daytime hours, and high temperature and NO x levels were identified as significant factors contributing to episodic SOC formation. Winter haze 25 episodes exhibited high SOC levels, likely due to persistent influences from regional transport originating from the northern region to the sampling site. Enhanced SOC formation was observed with the increase in nocturnal NO 3 radical (represented by [NO 2 ][O 3 ]) under conditions of high water content and strong acidity. This suggests that aqueous-phase reactions involving NO 3 radical were likely a notable contributor to SOC formation during winter haze episodes. The methodology employed in this study for estimating POC and SOC provides practical guidance for other locations
KC-Finder: Automated Knowledge Component Discovery for Programming Problems

Knowledge components (KCs) have many applications. In computing education, knowing the demonstration of specific KCs has been challenging. This paper introduces an entirely data-driven approach for (i) discovering KCs and (ii) demonstrating KCs, using students’ actual code submissions. Our system is based on two expected properties of KCs: (i) generate learning curves following the power law of practice, and (ii) are predictive of response correctness. We train a neural architecture (named KC-Finder) that classifies the correctness of student code submissions and captures problem-KC relationships. Our evaluation on data from 351 students in an introductory Java course shows that the learned KCs can generate reasonable learning curves and predict code submission correctness. At the same time, some KCs can be interpreted to identify programming skills. We compare the learning curves described by our model to four baselines, showing that (i) identifying KCs with naive methods is a difficult task and (ii) our learning curves exhibit a substantially better curve fit. Our work represents a first step in solving the data-driven KC discovery problem in computing education.
Coping in Post-Mastectomy Breast Cancer Survivors and Need for Intervention: Systematic Review

Background: Breast cancer is the most prominent cancer type to affect women. Surgical treatment of invasive breast cancers involves mastectomy. Due to mastectomy, women are subjected to social, emotional, and cultural problems which need to be addressed. Objective: The objective of the study is to understand how women cope with body image–related issues, trauma, anxiety, and depression post-mastectomy. Design: A systematic literature review was conducted for understanding the coping in post-mastectomy patients. The methods for identifying the studies were based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases: Medline/PubMed, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases were used for searching relevant articles. A final of 19 studies were analyzed for the work. Methods: Search strings such as “coping strategies and post mastectomy,” “body image coping and post mastectomy” and “anxiety coping and post mastectomy” were used for identification of references from databases. Eligibility criteria were used for finalizing the references. Results: Analysis of the 19 studies has clearly shown that women who undergo mastectomy suffer from anxiety, stress, and trauma. This study has observed that women have problems with their body image post-mastectomy along with bouts of depression. Self-coping has been observed in relatively few studies. Psychological interventions before surgery have been observed to be a better coping strategy. In most of the studies, women opted for breast reconstruction to overcome the trauma associated with mastectomy. Conclusion: Mastectomy has a severe impact on women’s appearance and psychology. Breast reconstruction and acceptance have played an important role in coping among these women. However, breast reconstruction is not accepted by many women due to a multitude of factors. Thus, it is essential to have proper intervention programs in place to ensure women can cope with this situation and can lead healthy lives. Registration: Systematic literature review (SLR) is submitted to PROSPERO. The application confirmation number is 449135. Registration awaited from the database.
Musculoskeletal Disorders as Common Problems among Iranian Nurses : A Systematic Review and Meta ‐ analysis Study Review Study

Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is one of the most important challenges of occupational health in today’s world and is present in many jobs. [1,2] In the developing and developed countries, a high prevalence of work‐related MSDs has been reported. [3] They are the main cause of disability in muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves that lead to pain or discomfort. [4,5] Despite the high prevalence of disorders among people, it seems that employees in some careers, especially in the field of medical care, are more encountered with those problems. [6] Assessing the incidence of MSDs in health‐care providers is seriously followed in many countries. [7] Several studies show that work‐related disorders among health‐care staffs is one of the general and basic problems. Among them, staffs who are directly in contact with patients, especially nurses and nurse assistants are more involved. [8,9] MSDs among nurses around the world have been reported to have a prevalence of between 40% and 90%. [10] In Iran, nurses compromise 80% of health‐care staffs, and prevalence AQ4
Activity monitoring of stroke patients by physiotherapist and caregivers in a hospital setting: A pilot study

Background Activity monitoring is a necessary technique to ensure stroke survivors’ activity levels in the hospital are within optimal levels as this is important for enhanced motor recovery. However, this could be time-consuming for healthcare professionals like physiotherapists. Activity monitoring by caregivers could be an alternate option. Therefore, our aim was to compare the activity monitoring of stroke survivors by caregivers and physiotherapists during early phase in a hospital setting. Methods An observation study was carried out in the neuroscience ward in a tertiary care hospital among 17 stroke survivors. Physiotherapist and caregivers were instructed to use an activity log chart that was developed during previous research conducted by the same authors for observing the activities performed by the patients every 15 minutes from 8 AM to 5 PM across one day. Data collected were analysed using Stata 15. Kappa statistics were carried out to determine the agreement of the observations between the two raters. Results A total of 10 male and seven female caregivers of stroke survivors with a mean age of 40.11 ± 9.2 years and a trained physiotherapist participated in the study. A total of 272 observations of caregivers were in agreement with that of the physiotherapist. Inter-rater Kappa statistics showed 60% agreement between the physiotherapist and the caregivers (p<0.05). Conclusions There was moderate agreement between the physiotherapist and caregiver for activity monitoring of stroke survivors. This suggests behavioural mapping by caregivers may be a potential alternative solution in healthcare settings.
SMG: self-supervised masked graph learning for cancer gene identification

Abstract Cancer genomics is dedicated to elucidating the genes and pathways that contribute to cancer progression and development. Identifying cancer genes (CGs) associated with the initiation and progression of cancer is critical for characterization of molecular-level mechanism in cancer research. In recent years, the growing availability of high-throughput molecular data and advancements in deep learning technologies has enabled the modelling of complex interactions and topological information within genomic data. Nevertheless, because of the limited labelled data, pinpointing CGs from a multitude of potential mutations remains an exceptionally challenging task. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning framework, termed self-supervised masked graph learning (SMG), which comprises SMG reconstruction (pretext task) and task-specific fine-tuning (downstream task). In the pretext task, the nodes of multi-omic featured protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks are randomly substituted with a defined mask token. The PPI networks are then reconstructed using the graph neural network (GNN)-based autoencoder, which explores the node correlations in a self-prediction manner. In the downstream tasks, the pre-trained GNN encoder embeds the input networks into feature graphs, whereas a task-specific layer proceeds with the final prediction. To assess the performance of the proposed SMG method, benchmarking experiments are performed on three node-level tasks (identification of CGs, essential genes and healthy driver genes) and one graph-level task (identification of disease subnetwork) across eight PPI networks. Benchmarking experiments and performance comparison with existing state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the superiority of SMG on multi-omic feature engineering.
Antifreeze Proteins from a Sea Ice Diatom

A molecular and crystallographic characterization of antifreeze proteins from the sea ice diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus (fcAFPs) is presented here. The molecular study relies on sequence analyses, phylogenetic studies, gene and protein expression analyses. These AFPs constitute a multigene family of isoforms with a conserved antifreeze domain. The exposure of F. cylindrus to subzero conditions typical for sea ice brine caused differential regulation of the isoforms, as revealed by gene expression analysis. Some fcAFP genes were downregulated to nearly zero, whereas selected isoforms were strongly upregulated (up to 200-fold). Differential gene regulation was reflected in protein expression pattern. The widespread occurrence of fcAFPs and fcAFP-like proteins in polar or cold-tolerant organisms further underlines their importance as elements of adaptation to subzero conditions. Several events of horizontal gene transfer seem to have contributed to the distribution of the fcAFP genes. These results suggest a strong relevance of these proteins for F. cylindrus, probably contributing to its dominat position within sea ice assemblages. Studies with a recombinant isoform of fcAFP, chosen based on the molecular results, confirmed its antifreeze activity. The protein caused moderate freezing point depression and strong recrystallization inhibition. These effects were enhanced in concentrated saline solutions. In order to shed light on the physical antifreeze mechanism of this protein, its interaction with ice is presented in more detail here. Several crystal planes are suggested for preferential protein-ice interaction. Habit modification in the presence of fcAFPs, with inhibited ice growth on the lateral (prismatic) planes, indicates binding on the primary and secondary prismatic faces. Pitting observed on the basal plane of a pure crystal submerged in an fcAFP solution suggests further protein binding on non-lateral planes of the ice crystal. The most prominent feature shown here is the influence of fcAFPs on ice microstructure. The proteins clearly affected ice texture, causing a marked pattern of oriented striations, interpreted as ice fibers with inclusions and not observed without fcAFPs. Analysis of c-axis orientation revealed a strong influence on axis distribution within individual crystals and further indicates an inhibiting effect of fcAFPs on ice nucleation. Considered in the frame of the natural environment of F. cylindrus, results on antifreeze activity of fcAFPs and crystallographic analyses suggest that the effect on ice texture is
Evidence towards a thermal lag in the response of Kårsaglaciären, northern Sweden, to climate change

Abstract Recent topographical and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys of Kårsaglaciären, which is a small (<1 km2) and thin (<56 m) mountain glacier in Arctic Sweden, show that there are small areas of temperate ice in the lowermost part of the glacier. This is curious because we would expect such a small and thin glacier to have a fully cold ablation zone. Specifically, with our analyses of present glacier geometry and thickness and of the prevailing climate, we are unable to explain the presence of temperate ice within the snout of Kårsaglaciären using prevailing models of glacier thermal structure. This leads us to suggest that the presence of temperate ice within Kårsaglaciären is a remnant of a previous polythermal state that existed when the glacier was larger and thicker. Kårsaglaciären is thus out of synch with current geometry and climate and is exhibiting a ‘thermal lag’. We propose that, with time, Kårsaglaciären’s ablation zone and perhaps the entire glacier may well become fully cold as the temperate zone shrinks further. We anticipate that such a thermal lag is likely to be present within other Arctic glaciers. A thermal lag and an evolution to a fully cold thermal state have significant implications for the dynamic behaviour of small Arctic glaciers and for meltwater production from them.
Gain/loss framing moderates the VMPFC’s response to persuasive messages when behaviors have personal outcomes

Abstract Activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during encoding of persuasive messages has been shown to predict message-consistent behaviors both within scanner samples and at the population level. This suggests that neuroimaging can aid in the development of better persuasive messages, but little is known about how the brain responds to different message features. Building on past findings, the current study found that gain-framed persuasive messages elicited more VMPFC activation than loss-framed messages, but only when messages addressed outcomes that would be experienced by participants directly. Participants also perceived gain-framed messages as more effective than loss-framed messages, and self-reported perceptions of message effectiveness were positively correlated with VMPFC activation. These results support theories that VMPFC activity during message encoding indexes perceptions of value and self-relevance and demonstrate that established theories of persuasion can improve the understanding of the neural correlates of persuasion.
Zircon and REE-rich alkaline plutonic rocks intruded into the accretionary prism at the Cape Ashizuri, Shikoku Island, Japan

The Cape Ashizuri body is a small, 12 km, Miocene plutonic complex having gabbroids, syenite, quartz syenite to syenogranite in its southern half and biotite monzogranite in its northern half, right next to the Shimanto accretionary sediments. Chemical analyses indicate that the granitoids have mostly meta-aluminous value of A/CNK<1.0, except for three monzogranite. The granitoids are rich in K2O, plotted in the shoshonite-high K fields. The granitoids are also rich in Na2O and Rb. Ga content is higher than 18 ppm, indicating characteristics of the A-type granitoids. A distinct characteristic of the Cape Ashizuri granitoids is predominance of HFSE (high-fieldstrength-element), such as Zr (<1,220 ppm), Hf (25.6 ppm), Nb (<202 ppm), Ta (<14 ppm), LREE (<1002 ppm), HREE (<50.5 ppm), Y (<74 ppm), Th (74.2 ppm). Fluorine is also enriched up to 0.43 wt. %. These HFSE are contained in such common accessory minerals as zircon, ilmenite, allanite and titanite, and rare minerals of fergusonite, chevkinite and others. Zircon is the most common and visible rarely by naked eyes. Zircon in the highest Zr rock, 58A142 sample, contains the maximum values of 2.4 wt. % HfO2 and 1.0 wt. % Y2O3. Ilmenite in the 58A142 sample shows 4.3-5.7 wt. % MnO, but that in other quartz syenite shows lower values as 1.7-1.8 wt. % MnO, while its niobium content, up to 3.8 wt. % Nb2O5, is seen along the rim, indicating the niobium concentrated at the latest magmatic stage. Allanite shows Mn-poor character of the magnetite series (0.44 wt.% MnO), and contains 24.6-25.8 wt. % LREE. The most mafic phase of the gabbroids is 47.0 wt. % SiO2 and 12.5 wt. % MgO, indicating its origin of the upper mantle. Quartz syenitic rocks have 55-60 wt. % SiO2 and low Sr0 ratio of 0.7035, implying a small degree of the partial melting of mafic igneous source rocks in the lower crust for the alkaline rocks. The high contents of HFSE and F were caused by this small degree of the partial melting. The biotite monzogranite in the northern part is considered as a mixed magma generated from the lower igneous crust and overlying accreted sediments of the Shimanto Supergroup. It is interesting to explore hydrothermal REE concentration related to these plutonic and subvolcanic activities.
Assessing midwifery services in Iran via the balanced scorecard framework

Abstract This study investigates the impact of intra-organizational information, midwife job satisfaction and performance assessment on the quality of midwife services. The questions are empirically tested with survey data obtained from 276 midwives, specialist doctors and nurses, and mothers who recently gave birth in a cross-section of Iranian public healthcare organizations. The results from a structural equation model suggest that an improved performance assessment system leads to higher quality midwife services. In addition, the results indicate that midwife job satisfaction and intra-organizational information increases the quality of midwife services, both directly and indirectly, through the mediating effect of a performance assessment system. Our study contributes to the growing research exploring the interface between accounting and health issues by recognizing the importance of a performance assessment system of midwifery services via the balanced scorecard framework for understanding the quality of midwife services.
D-galactose causes sinoatrial node dysfunction: from phenotype to mechanism

With the population aging, age-related sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND) has been on the rise. Sinoatrial node (SAN) degeneration is an important factor for the age-related SND development. However, there is no suitable animal modeling method in this field. Here, we investigated whether D-galactose could induce SAN degeneration and explored the associated mechanism. In vivo, twelve C57BL/6 mice were divided into Control and D-galactose group to receive corresponding treatments. Senescence was confirmed by analyzing the hair and weight; cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography, cerebral blood flux and serum-BNP; the SAN function was evaluated by electrocardiogram; fibrotic change was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining and oxidative stress was assessed through DHE staining and serum indicators. Mechanism was verified through immunofluorescence-staining and Western blotting. In vitro, mouse-atrial-myocytes were treated with D-galactose, and edaravone was utilized as the ROS scavenger. Senescence, oxidative stress, proliferation ability and mechanism were verified through various methods, and intuitive evidence was obtained through electrophysiological assay. Finally, we concluded that D-galactose can be used to induce age-related SND, in which oxidative stress plays a key role, causing PITX2 ectopic expression and downregulates SHOX2 expression, then through the downstream GATA4/NKX2-5 axis, results in pacing-related ion channels dysfunction, and hence SND development.
Exploiting the structure of biochemical pathways to investigate dynamical properties with neural networks for graphs

Abstract Motivation Dynamical properties of biochemical pathways (BPs) help in understanding the functioning of living cells. Their in silico assessment requires simulating a dynamical system with a large number of parameters such as kinetic constants and species concentrations. Such simulations are based on numerical methods that can be time-expensive for large BPs. Moreover, parameters are often unknown and need to be estimated. Results We developed a framework for the prediction of dynamical properties of BPs directly from the structure of their graph representation. We represent BPs as Petri nets, which can be automatically generated, for instance, from standard SBML representations. The core of the framework is a neural network for graphs that extracts relevant information directly from the Petri net structure and exploits them to learn the association with the desired dynamical property. We show experimentally that the proposed approach reliably predicts a range of diverse dynamical properties (robustness, monotonicity, and sensitivity) while being faster than numerical methods at prediction time. In synergy with the neural network models, we propose a methodology based on Petri nets arc knock-out that allows the role of each molecule in the occurrence of a certain dynamical property to be better elucidated. The methodology also provides insights useful for interpreting the predictions made by the model. The results support the conjecture often considered in the context of systems biology that the BP structure plays a primary role in the assessment of its dynamical properties. Availability and implementation https://github.com/marcopodda/petri-bio (code), https://zenodo.org/record/7610382 (data).
Lack of reproducibility of resting-state functional MRI findings in migraine with aura

Background Several studies have applied resting-state functional MRI to examine whether functional brain connectivity is altered in migraine with aura patients. These studies had multiple limitations, including small sample sizes, and reported conflicting results. Here, we performed a large, cross-sectional brain imaging study to reproduce previous findings. Methods We recruited women aged 30–60 years from the nationwide Danish Twin Registry. Resting-state functional MRI of women with migraine with aura, their co-twins, and unrelated migraine-free twins was performed at a single centre. We carried out an extensive series of brain connectivity data analyses. Patients were compared to migraine-free controls and to co-twins. Results Comparisons were based on data from 160 patients, 30 co-twins, and 136 controls. Patients were similar to controls with regard to age, and several lifestyle characteristics. We replicated clear effects of age on resting-state networks. In contrast, we failed to detect any differences, and to replicate previously reported differences, in functional connectivity between migraine patients with aura and non-migraine controls or their co-twins in any of the analyses. Conclusion Given the large sample size and the unbiased population-based design of our study, we conclude that women with migraine with aura have normal resting-state brain connectivity outside of migraine attacks.