Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia outcomes after treatment: long-term follow-up from the British Columbia Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Information on the long-term risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) recurrence among women treated for CIN is limited yet critical for evidence-based surveillance recommendations. METHODS We retrospectively identified 37,142 women treated for CIN 1, 2, or 3 from January 1, 1986, through December 31, 2000 (CIN cohort), from the British Columbia Cancer Agency cytology database and linked their records with cancer registry and vital statistics data. Treatment included cryotherapy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure, cone biopsy, and laser vaporization or excision. A comparison cohort contained 71,213 women with normal cytology and no previous CIN diagnosis. Follow-up continued through December 31, 2004. Among women in both cohorts under active surveillance, we compared rates of CIN 2 or 3 (CIN 2/3) and cervical cancer. Cumulative incidence rates of CIN 2/3 and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by a life table approach by using annual rates. Cumulative rates of invasive cancer were examined by the person-years method. RESULTS Overall observed cumulative rates of CIN 2/3 in the first 6 years after treatment were 14.0% (95% CI = 13.84% to 14.15%) for women originally treated for CIN 3, 9.3% (95% CI = 9.09% to 9.42%) for CIN 2, and 5.6% (95% CI = 4.91% to 5.21%) for CIN 1. Annual rates of CIN 2/3 were less than 1% after 6 years. Initial diagnosis, age, and treatment type were associated with a diagnosis of CIN 2/3 after treatment, with 6-year adjusted rates for women aged 40-49 years ranging from 2.6% (95% CI = 1.9% to 3.4%) for treatment of CIN 1 with the loop electrosurgical excision procedure to 34.0% (95% CI = 30.9% to 37.1%) for treatment of CIN 3 with cryotherapy. Overall incidence of invasive cancer (per 100,000 woman-years) was higher in the CIN cohort (37 invasive cancers, 95% CI = 30.6 to 42.5 cancers) than in the comparison cohort (six cancers, 95% CI = 4.3 to 7.7 cancers). Cryotherapy, compared with other treatments, was associated with the highest rate of subsequent disease (adjusted odds ratio for invasive cancer = 2.98, 95% CI = 2.09 to 4.60). CONCLUSION Risk of CIN 2/3 after treatment was associated with initial CIN grade, treatment type, and age. Long-term risk of invasive cancer remained higher among women treated for CIN, particularly those treated with cryotherapy.
Radial Layered Matrix Visualization of Dynamic Graphs

We propose a novel radial layered matrix visualization for dynamic directed weighted graphs in which the vertices can also be hierarchically organized. Edges are represented as color-coded arcs within the radial diagram. Their positions are defined by polar coordinates instead of Cartesian coordinates as in traditional adjacency matrix representations: the angular position of an edge within an annulus is given by the angle bisector of the two related vertices, the radial position depends linearly on the angular distance between these vertices. The exploration of time-varying relational data is facilitated by aligning graph patterns radially. Furthermore, our approach incorporates several interaction techniques to explore dynamic patterns such as trends and countertrends. The usefulness is illustrated by two case studies analyzing large dynamic call graphs acquired from open source software projects.
Interpreting sterling exchange rate movements

This article considers the analysis and interpretation of exchange rate fluctuations. It stresses the importance of identifying the sources of exchange rate movements, and recognising the many channels through which they can affect consumer prices. It reports empirical results which confirm that there is no simple relationship between the exchange rate and inflation. Sterling exchange rate depreciations are not necessarily associated with rises in UK consumer prices relative to prices overseas. In particular, UK prices may fall relative to those overseas if the depreciation is caused by increases in aggregate supply or falls in real spending, but rise if it is caused by increases in the money supply.
Model-completion of varieties of co-Heyting algebras

It is known that exactly eight varieties of Heyting algebras have a model-completion, but no concrete axiomatisation of these model-completions were known by now except for the trivial variety (reduced to the one-point algebra) and the variety of Boolean algebras. For each of the six remaining varieties we introduce two axioms and show that 1) these axioms are satisfied by all the algebras in the model-completion, and 2) all the algebras in this variety satisfying these two axioms have a certain embedding property. For four of these six varieties (those which are locally finite) this actually provides a new proof of the existence of a model-completion, this time with an explicit and finite axiomatisation.
The hedgehog‐related gene qua‐1 is required for molting in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes ten proteins that share similarity with Hedgehog through the C‐terminal Hint/Hog domain. While most genes are members of larger gene families, qua‐1 is a single copy gene. Here we show that orthologs of qua‐1 exist in many nematodes, including Brugia malayi, which shared a common ancestor with C. elegans about 300 million years ago. The QUA‐1 proteins contain an N‐terminal domain, the Qua domain, that is highly conserved, but whose molecular function is not known. We have studied the expression pattern of qua‐1 in C. elegans using a qua‐1::GFP transcriptional fusion. qua‐1 is mainly expressed in hyp1 to hyp11 hypodermal cells, but not in seam cells. It is also expressed in intestinal and rectal cells, sensilla support cells, and the P cell lineage in L1. The expression of qua‐1::GFP undergoes cyclical changes during development in phase with the molting cycle. It accumulates prior to molting and disappears between molts. Disruption of the qua‐1 gene function through an internal deletion that causes a frame shift with premature stop in the middle of the gene results in strong lethality. The animals arrest in the early larval stages due to defects in molting. Electron microscopy reveals double cuticles due to defective ecdysis, but no obvious defects are seen in the hypodermis. Qua domain‐only::GFP and full‐length QUA‐1::GFP fusion constructs are secreted and associated with the overlying cuticle, but only QUA‐1::GFP rescues the mutant phenotype. Our results suggest that both the Hint/Hog domain and Qua domain are critically required for the function of QUA‐1. Developmental Dynamics 235:1469–1481, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overcoming the multiple‐testing problem when testing randomness

Summary. We propose a new method for overcoming the problem of adjusting for the multiple‐testing problem in the context of testing random‐number generators. We suggest that it is to be used in conjunction with an existing method. More generally, the method can be useful in other situations where the multiple‐testing issue is encountered and the tests involved are not independent of each other, and their exact joint distribution is not readily available. The method makes use of the Mahalanobis distance and simulation. An example of its implementation is given by using data from a roulette wheel.
More Information than You Ever Wanted: Does Facebook Bring Out the Green-Eyed Monster of Jealousy?

The social network site Facebook is a rapidly expanding phenomenon that is changing the nature of social relationships. Anecdotal evidence, including information described in the popular media, suggests that Facebook may be responsible for creating jealousy and suspicion in romantic relationships. The objectives of the present study were to explore the role of Facebook in the experience of jealousy and to determine if increased Facebook exposure predicts jealousy above and beyond personal and relationship factors. Three hundred eight undergraduate students completed an online survey that assessed demographic and personality factors and explored respondents' Facebook use. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis, controlling for individual, personality, and relationship factors, revealed that increased Facebook use significantly predicts Facebook-related jealousy. We argue that this effect may be the result of a feedback loop whereby using Facebook exposes people to often ambiguous information about their partner that they may not otherwise have access to and that this new information incites further Facebook use. Our study provides evidence of Facebook's unique contributions to the experience of jealousy in romantic relationships.
Fiscal Policy and Regional Inflation in a Currency Union

This paper investigates the ability of a region participating in a currency union to affect its inflation differential with respect to the union through fiscal policy. We study the interaction between regional fiscal policy and inflation differentials in a flexible-price, two-region model with both traded and nontraded goods. For symmetric regions, changes in one region’s tax rule that decrease the volatility of its inflation differential also decrease the volatility of its output. The decrease in the volatility of the inflation differential is brought about by an increase in the volatility of tax rates. The effect of the tax rule on output volatility – but not inflation volatility – depends on country size. For a small country lower volatility of inflation differentials is associated with higher volatility of output. This relationship results from the fact that small countries are more open, and hence there is a greater role for traded goods productivity shocks.
Outage probability performance analysis for heterogeneous and homogeneous cooperative system over Nakagami-m model

A novel heterogeneous cooperative relay channel model is proposed in this article. It can integrate various wireless access systems into one entity and improve the spectrum efficiency remarkably. According to the characteristics of the heterogeneous and conventional homogeneous cooperative relay channel model, the outage probability performance is investigated over Nakagami-m fading model. A numerical simulation for the uplink and downlink heterogeneous and homogeneous cooperative relay channels is given to describe the amount of relays impact on the outage performance in different scenarios and distinguish the differences of heterogeneous and homogeneous systems.
Bryostatin 1 down-regulates mdr1 and potentiates vincristine cytotoxicity in diffuse large cell lymphoma xenografts.

The down-regulation of multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene expression as detected by competitive reverse transcription-PCR and the antitumor activity of bryostatin 1 (Bryo1) are investigated in a newly established cell line from a patient with relapsed diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL). The cell line (WSU-DLCL2) grows in liquid culture and forms s.c. tumors in mice with severe combined immune deficiency. WSU-DLCL2 is a mature B-cell line (IgG lambda) that is negative for EBV nuclear antigen, expresses the multidrug resistance phenotype, and has t(14;18)(q32;q21) plus other chromosomal aberrations. Exposure of the WSU-DLCL2 cells to Bryo1 in culture reversed the multidrug resistance phenotype within 24 h. A functional assay revealed a 4-fold increase in [3H]vincristine accumulation in Bryo1-treated cells compared with control. Vincristine (VCR), doxorubicin, Bryo1, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine showed no clinically significant activity when given alone to WSU-DLCL2-bearing severe combined immune deficiency mice. However, when given 24 h before each cytotoxic agent, Bryo1 substantially increased the antitumor activity of VCR but not 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the expression of P-glycoprotein in WSU-DLCL2 tumors taken from Bryo1-treated animals compared with untreated controls. In vivo, a competitive reverse transcription-PCR assay revealed decreased mdr1 RNA expression 24 h after Bryo1 treatment. These findings taken together indicate that Bryo1-induced down-regulation of mdr1 might be one mechanism by which Bryo1 potentiates VCR activity. The sequential use of both agents resulted in clinically significant antitumor activity in this lymphoma model.
An Approach to Sensor Correlation

We present an approach to intrusion detection (ID) sensor correlation that considers the problem in three phases: event aggregation, sensor coupling, and meta alert fusion. The approach is well suited to probabilistically based sensors such as EMERALD eBayes. We demonstrate the efficacy of the EMERALD alert thread mechanism, the sensor coupling in eBayes, and a prototype alert fusion capability towards achieving significant functionality in the field of ID sensor correlation.
Author's Personal Copy Performance Evaluation Modeling Tcp Throughput: an Elaborated Large-deviations-based Model and Its Empirical Validation

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t In today's Internet, a large part of the traffic is carried using the TCP transport protocol. Characterization of the variations of TCP traffic is thus an important issue, both for resource provisioning and Quality of Service purposes. However, most existing models are limited to the prediction of the (almost-sure) mean TCP throughput and are unable to characterize deviations from this value. In this paper, we propose a method to describe the deviations of a long TCP flow's throughput from its almost-sure mean value. This method relies on an ergodic large-deviations result, which was recently proved to hold on almost every single realization for a large class of stochastic processes. Applying this result to a Markov chain modeling the congestion window's evolution of a long-lived TCP flow, we show that it is practically possible to quantify and to statistically bound the throughput's variations at different scales of interest for applications. Our Markov-chain model can take into account various network conditions and we demonstrate the accuracy of our method's prediction in different situations using simulations, experiments and real-world Internet traffic. In particular, in the classical case of Bernoulli losses, we demonstrate: (i) the consistency of our method with the widely-used square-root formula predicting the almost-sure mean throughput, and (ii) its ability to additionally predict finer properties reflecting the traffic's variability at different scales.
Towards an Intelligent Interface for EagleEyes

EagleEyes is a system that allows the user to control the computer through electrodes placed on the head. For people without disabilities it takes about 15 minutes to learn to control the cursor sufficiently to spell out your name with an onscreen keyboard. We currently are working with a dozen children with severe disabilities to teach them to use EagleEyes to control computer software for entertainment, communication, and education. The design of the interface for the software is a serious issue.
Collective Web-Based Parenthetical Translation Extraction Using Markov Logic Networks

Parenthetical translations are translations of terms in otherwise monolingual text that appear inside parentheses. Parenthetical translations extraction (PTE) is the task of extracting parenthetical translations from natural language documents. One of the main difficulties in PTE is to detect the left boundary of the translated term in preparenthetical text. In this article, we propose a collective approach that employs Markov logic to model multiple constraints used in the PTE task. We show how various constraints can be formulated and combined in a Markov logic network (MLN). Our experimental results show that the proposed collective PTE approach significantly outperforms a current state-of-the-art method, improving the average F-measure up to 27.11% compared to the previous word alignment approach. It also outperforms an individual MLN-based system by 8.2% and a system based on conditional random fields by 5.9%.
Cotreatment with Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LAQ824 Enhances Apo-2L/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand-Induced Death Inducing Signaling Complex Activity and Apoptosis of Human Acute Leukemia Cells

Present studies demonstrate that treatment with the histone deacetylases inhibitor LAQ824, a cinnamic acid hydroxamate, increased the acetylation of histones H3 and H4, as well as induced p21WAF1 in the human T-cell acute leukemia Jurkat, B lymphoblast SKW 6.4, and acute myelogenous leukemia HL-60 cells. This was associated with increased accumulation of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, as well as accompanied by the processing and activity of caspase-9 and -3, and apoptosis. Exposure to LAQ824 increased the mRNA and protein expressions of the death receptors DR5 and/or DR4, but reduced the mRNA and protein levels of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). As compared with treatment with Apo-2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or LAQ824 alone, pretreatment with LAQ824 increased the assembly of Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8, but not of c-FLIP, into the Apo-2L/TRAIL-induced death-inducing signaling complex. This increased the processing of caspase-8 and Bcl-2 interacting domain (BID), augmented cytosolic accumulation of the prodeath molecules cytochrome-c, Smac and Omi, as well as led to increased activity of caspase-3 and apoptosis. Treatment with LAQ824 also down-regulated the levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, and survivin. Partial inhibition of apoptosis due to LAQ824 or Apo-2L/TRAIL exerted by Bcl-2 overexpression was reversed by cotreatment with LAQ824 and Apo-2L/TRAIL. Significantly, cotreatment with LAQ824 increased Apo-2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis of primary acute myelogenous leukemia blast samples isolated from 10 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Taken together, these findings indicate that LAQ824 may have promising activity in augmenting Apo-2L/TRAIL-induced death-inducing signaling complex and apoptosis of human acute leukemia cells.
Breathing as a Fundamental Rhythm of Brain Function

Ongoing fluctuations of neuronal activity have long been considered intrinsic noise that introduces unavoidable and unwanted variability into neuronal processing, which the brain eliminates by averaging across population activity (Georgopoulos et al., 1986; Lee et al., 1988; Shadlen and Newsome, 1994; Maynard et al., 1999). It is now understood, that the seemingly random fluctuations of cortical activity form highly structured patterns, including oscillations at various frequencies, that modulate evoked neuronal responses (Arieli et al., 1996; Poulet and Petersen, 2008; He, 2013) and affect sensory perception (Linkenkaer-Hansen et al., 2004; Boly et al., 2007; Sadaghiani et al., 2009; Vinnik et al., 2012; Palva et al., 2013). Ongoing cortical activity is driven by proprioceptive and interoceptive inputs. In addition, it is partially intrinsically generated in which case it may be related to mental processes (Fox and Raichle, 2007; Deco et al., 2011). Here we argue that respiration, via multiple sensory pathways, contributes a rhythmic component to the ongoing cortical activity. We suggest that this rhythmic activity modulates the temporal organization of cortical neurodynamics, thereby linking higher cortical functions to the process of breathing.
Mechanisms for dynamic coronal mass supply via evaporative solar "micro-events"

The idea that the corona is at least in part supplied by chromospheric evaporation in loop "micro-events" is quantified in tel ms of the power requirements of evaporation mechanisms, using recent analyses of data on such events in high temperature EUV lines from the SoHO EIT instrument. Estimates are derived for the pre-event and event values of loop density and temperature and it is shown, using the conductive scaling law, that the event emission measure enhancements are too large to be accounted for solely by enhanced conductive flux from coronal heating. That is, observations demand that supply of coronal mass by evaporation events need a mechanism which enhances upper chromospheric heating and not just conductively driven evaporation. Thus coronal mass supply in transients is inextricably linked to direct chromospheric heating processes. Using parametric models of a chromospheric heating function and of the pre-event chromosphere. an estimate is made of the extra Fewer required to yield the emission measure enhancement of a large event evaporatively. The dependence of the result on just how the EUV solar images are interpreted is emphasised and observational tests are discussed for the case of heating by fast particles. Implications of the results in terms of the global supply of the hot corona and wind mass loss ale briefly mentioned
A Code Transformation Framework for Scientific Applications on Structured Grids

The combination of expert-tuned code expression and aggressive compiler optimizations is known to deliver the best achievable performance for modern multicore processors. The development and maintenance of these optimized code expressions is never trivial. Tedious and error-prone processes greatly decrease the code developer’s willingness to adopt manually-tuned optimizations. In this paper, we describe a pre-compilation framework that will take a code expression with a much higher programmability and transform it into an optimized expression that would be much more difficult to produce manually. The user-directed, source-to-source transformations we implement rely heavily on the knowledge of the domain expert. The transformed output, in its optimized format, together with the optimizations provided by an available compiler is intended to deliver exceptionally high performance. Three computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applications are chosen to exemplify our strategy. The performance results show an average of 7.3× speedup over straightforward compilation of the input code expression to our pre-compilation framework. Performance of 7.1 Gflops/s/core on the Intel Nehalem processor, 30% of the peak performance, is achieved using our strategy. The framework is seen to be successful for the CFD domain, and we expect that this approach can be extended to cover more scientific computation domains.
Low Profile Double Negative Lens Antenna

In this paper, we demonstrate full-wave electromagnetic analysis results to show that curved surface slabs constructed from double negative (DNG) metamaterials have much stronger focusing effect compared to the conventional materials. We take advantage of this property to design a DNG lens antenna with the focal length as short as one wavelength. The proposed DNG structure is attractive in designing low profile lens antennas for microwave and mm-wave applications.
IMPACT OF ECONOMIC PROSPERITY AND POPULATION ON E-GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT

The Internet has attracted businesses and users to a medium where transactions and information exchange can be conducted anytime day or night. Like businesses, various levels of government have expanded their online presence over time. However, as the data of this study suggests, there remains significant variation in the extent to which county governments deliver Internet-based services and information to their citizens. This study utilized content and correlation analysis to determine whether the variables of economic prosperity and population had any significant effect on predicting the extent of county e-government involvement. The results indicated a positive correlation between the predictor variables and e-government involvement. Some implications and directions for future research are examined.