Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mind wandering via mental contrasting as a tool for behavior change

When people engage in mind wandering they drift away from a task toward their inner thoughts and feelings. These thoughts often circle around people's personal futures. One assumed function of mind wandering is that it aids problem solving and planning for the future. We will discuss different forms of mind wandering and their effects on problem solving and behavior change. While solely fantasizing about a desired future leads to poor problem solving and little behavior change, mind wandering in the form of mental contrasting leads to skilled problem solving and substantial behavior change. In mental contrasting, people first envision the desired future and then imagine the obstacles that need to be surmounted to reach said future. Mental contrasting instigates behavior change by modulating the strength of associations between future and reality and between reality and instrumental action. Intervention research shows that mental contrasting can be taught as a cost- and time-effective self-regulation strategy of behavior change. The findings have implications for research on mind wandering, problem solving, and on creating effective interventions of behavior change.
Multi-abstraction Concern Localization

Concern localization refers to the process of locating code units that match a particular textual description. It takes as input textual documents such as bug reports and feature requests and outputs a list of candidate code units that need to be changed to address the bug reports or feature requests. Many information retrieval (IR) based concern localization techniques have been proposed in the literature. These techniques typically represent code units and textual descriptions as a bag of tokens at one level of abstraction, e.g., each token is a word, or each token is a topic. In this work, we propose multi-abstraction concern localization. A code unit and a textual description is represented at multiple abstraction levels. Similarity of a textual description and a code unit, is now made by considering all these abstraction levels. We have evaluated our solution on AspectJ bug reports and feature requests from the iBugs benchmark dataset. The experiment shows that our proposed approach outperforms a baseline approach, in terms of Mean Average Precision, by up to 19.36%.
Etiology and Prevention of Fatty Liver and Ketosis in Dairy Cattle

According to the most recent National Animal Health Monitoring System for dairy cattle (National Animal Health Monitoring System, 2008), leading causes of morbidity in dairy cattle are clinical mastitis, lameness, infertility, retained placenta, milk fever, reproductive problems, and displaced abomasum. Of cows removed from herds, about 53% leave for one or more of the above reasons. Additionally, the rate of mortality of cows in U.S. dairy herds is nearly 6%, with 43% of these related to periparturient health issues, and likely a large portion of those classified as “unknown” (25%) occurring as a result of complications from the above. Overall, 16.2% of the cows that are permanently removed from a dairy herd are removed before 50 days in milk (DIM). These cows represent losses before the most profitable period of lactation. The relationship of the above disorders to excess prepartal body condition score (BCS) has been documented by numerous researchers and extensively reviewed (Bewley and Schultz, 2008). Briefly, cows with excessive body condition at calving, or excessive weight loss after calving, demonstrate overall decreased reproductive performance and increased likelihood of dystocia, retained placenta, metritis, milk fever, cystic ovaries, lameness, and mastitis as well as metabolic disorders, fatty liver, and ketosis. An epidemiological study by Gillund et al. (2001) found 20% of cows in surveyed herds to experience ketosis, and cows with BCS > 3.5 at calving to be 2.5 times more likely to become ketotic. Cows that became ketotic lost more body weight (BW) during early lactation, and the likelihood of conceiving at first insemination was decreased by 37%. Thus, the relationship of BCS, fatty liver, and ketosis has enormous economic impact on health and reproductive performance of dairy cows.
Constructing Social Theory

Chapter 1 Part 1: Explanatory Logics Chapter 2 Chapter 1: Sociology, Science and Applied Theory Chapter 3 Chapter 2: Theoretical Systems Chapter 4 Chapter 3: The Refinement of Theoretical Systems Chapter 5 Chapter 4: Creating Theory: The Art of Normal Science Chapter 6 Part 2: Action Theoretical Orientations Chapter 7 Chapter 5: Action Theoretical Orientations Chapter 8 Chapter 6: Social Systems and Social Structure Chapter 9 Chapter 7: Self Interest: Exchange Chapter 10 Chapter 8: Self Interest: Power Chapter 11 Chapter 9: Self Interest: Adaptation Chapter 12 Chapter 10: Relationships: Social Bond Chapter 13 Chapter 11: Relationships: Altruism Chapter 14 Part 3: Auxiliary Theoretical Orientations Chapter 15 Chapter 12: Auxiliary Logic: Function Chapter 16 Chapter 13: Auxiliary Logic: Identity Chapter 17 Part 4: Theories Chapter 18 Chapter 14: Action Theories of Parental Nurturance Chapter 19 Part 5: Evaluation Chapter 20 Chapter 15: The Sociology of Sociological Theory
Constricting the Adversary : A Broadcast Transformation for Network Coding

While network coding can be an efficient means of information dissemination in networks, it is highly susceptible to “pollution attacks,” as the injection of even a single erroneous packet has the potential to corrupt each and every packet received by a given destination. Even when suitable errorcontrol coding is applied, an adversary can, in many interesting practical situations, overwhelm the error-correcting capability of the code. To limit the power of potential adversaries, a broadcast-mode transformation is introduced, in which nodes are limited to just a single (broadcast) transmission per generation. Under this broadcast transformation, the multicast capacity of a network is changed (in general reduced) from the number of edge-disjoint paths between source and sink to the number of internally-disjoint paths. In some interesting cases (in particular, in a class of networks introduced by Jain, Lovász and Chou), the network capacity is maintained in broadcast mode. This results in a significant achievable transmission rate for such networks, even in the presence of adversaries.
Accuracy of Pulse Oximeters in Detecting Hypoxemia in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Purpose Pulse oximetry is routinely used to continuously and non-invasively monitor arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). When oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter (SpO2) overestimates SaO2, hypoxemia may be overlooked. We compared the SpO2 - SaO2 differences among three pulse oximeters in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) who spent their daily lives in a poor oxygen state. Material and Method This prospective observational study recruited 32 patients with CTEPH undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. As we collected arterial blood samples in the catheter laboratory, SpO2 values were simultaneously recorded. Three pulse oximeters were used on each patient, and SpO2 values were compared with oximetry readings using a blood gas analyzer. To determine the optimal SpO2 value by which to detect hypoxemia (SaO2≦90%), we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each pulse oximeter. Result The root mean square of each pulse oximeter was 1.79 (OLV-3100), 1.64 (N-BS), and 2.50 (Masimo Radical). The mean bias (SpO2 - SaO2) for the 90%–95% saturation range was significantly higher for Masimo Radical (0.19 +/- 1.78% [OLV-3100], 0.18 +/- 1.63% [N-BS], and 1.61 +/- 1.91% [Masimo Radical]; p<0.0001). The optimal SpO2 value to detect hypoxemia (SaO2≦90%) was 89% for OLV-3100, 90% for N-BS, and 92% for Masimo Radical. Conclusion We found that the biases and precision with which to detect hypoxemia differed among the three pulse oximeters. To avoid hypoxemia, the optimal SpO2 should be determined for each pulse oximeter.
P SNR r,f : Assessment of Delivered AVC/H.264 Video Quality over 802.11a WLANs with Multipath Fading

Emerging as the method of choice for compressing video over WLANs, the AVC/H.264 standard is a suite of coding options and parameters whose values are to be chosen for specific videos and channel conditions. We investigate the delivered quality of AVC/H.264 coded video across the video characteristics, the quantization parameter (QP), the group of picture size (GOPS), the payload size (PS), PHY data rate in 802.11a, and average channel signal to noise ratio (SNR). We show that the delivered quality of a coded video sequence varies tremendously across the frames per channel realization, and across different channel realizations of the same PHY data rate at the same average channel SNR. The performance also varies across different average channel SNRs and combinations of codec parameters. We propose a statistical video quality indicator P SNRr,f defined as peak SNR (PSNR) achieved by f% of the frames in each one of the r% of the realizations. We study the correspondence between P SNRr,f and perceptual video quality through a subjective experiment and employ P SNRr,f to assess video communications performance under various channel conditions.
A visual based framework for the model refactoring techniques

Refactoring is one of the most important rules and practices of Extreme Programming from the family of the Agile Methodologies. We propose the tool to refactor the UML model (Class Diagrams for now). In the first step we need to find the flaws (bad smells) in the model with the OCL query and then in the second step we transform the flaw to the correct fragment with the transformation script. The paper presents the set of methods and tools for the model adjustment, cooperating with the CASE systems. We analyze the concept and algorithms for the refactoring, OCL queries and transformation scripts generating. We have prepared functional prototype of the editor for the refactoring rules definition, OCL query generator and the transformation script generator. In the future, we plan to extend the framework with alternative notations (e.g., QVT graph transformation rules, PICS, Viatra2) and the other techniques to find the flaws (e.g., rule-based system with predicates of the bad smells, XMI transformations and Abstract Syntax Tree algebra, Bit-Vector and Similarity Scoring Algorithms).
Endothelial apoptosis initiates acute blood-brain barrier disruption after ionizing radiation.

Acute disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is well recognized after radiation therapy to the central nervous system (CNS). We assessed the genetic regulation of acute BBB disruption and its relationship to vascular endothelial cell death in the CNS after irradiation. Adult rats were given graded single doses of X-ray to the cervical spinal cord. At different time intervals after irradiation, the irradiated spinal cord was processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier was assessed using albumin immunohistochemistry, i.v. injection of Evans blue dye, and (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. In the rat spinal cord, there was a dose-dependent apoptotic response during the first 24 h after irradiation, and apoptotic cells consisted of both endothelial and glial cells, as described previously (1, 2). A dose-dependent reduction in endothelial cell density was observed at 24 h after irradiation. This was associated with a similar dose-dependent disruption in blood-spinal cord barrier as demonstrated by albumin immunohistochemistry. Radiation-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells has been shown to be dependent on the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) pathway. After a single 50-Gy dose to the cervical spinal cord of ASMase +/+ mice, there was a 47.7% reduction in endothelial cell density at 24 h compared with nonirradiated controls. No decrease in endothelial cell density was observed in irradiated ASMase -/- mice. In the irradiated spinal cord of ASMase +/+ mice, there was evidence of albumin immunoreactivity and Evans blue dye staining around microvessels, and (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid uptake increased at 24 h. Nonirradiated controls and the irradiated spinal cord of ASMase -/- mice demonstrated no evidence of leakage. We conclude that apoptosis of endothelial cells initiates acute BBB disruption in the CNS after irradiation and that acute BBB disruption after irradiation is mediated by the ASMase pathway.
Analysis of PR-V-BLAST receiver for massive MIMO under correlated channel

An uplink massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) deployment with a co-located large base station (BS) array and distributed single-antenna users is presumed. There is a significant attention in detection schemes with a greater complexity-performance trade-off because of the high dimension of massive MIMO systems. Additionally, the effects of channel correlation is particularly vital in massive MIMO. Here, we propose a novel link gains ordering with channel correlation (RP-V-BLAST) for co-located arrays as it is essential compared to distributed arrays. The ordering of PR-V-BLAST receiver is based on large scale fading and correlation information that is examined for the Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time (V-BLAST) scheme with a maximum ratio combining (MRC). We provide comprehensive and simple error rate evaluation. The probability of disagreement is evaluated between the link gain based and the proposed scheme. Our results show the simplicity of PR-V-BLAST and its simple SER calculations although the mathematical complexity is found in the V-BLAST structure.
View-Invariance in Visual Human Motion Analysis

This thesis makes contributions towards the solutions to two problems in the area of visual human motion analysis: human action recognition and human body pose estimation. Although there has been a substantial amount of research addressing these two problems in the past, the important issue of viewpoint invariance in the representation and recognition of poses and actions has received relatively scarce attention, and forms a key goal of this thesis. Drawing on results from 2D projective invariance theory and 3D mutual invariants, we present three different approaches of varying degrees of generality, for human action representation and recognition. A detailed analysis of the approaches reveals key challenges, which are circumvented by enforcing spatial and temporal coherency constraints. An extensive performance evaluation of the approaches on 2D projections of motion capture data and manually segmented real image sequences demonstrates that in addition to viewpoint changes, the approaches are able to handle well, varying speeds of execution of actions (and hence different frame rates of the video), different subjects and minor variabilities in the spatiotemporal dynamics of the action. Next, we present a method for recovering the body-centric coordinates of key joints and parts of a canonically scaled human body, given an image of the body and the point correspondences of specific body joints in an image. This problem is difficult to solve because of body articulation and perspective effects. To make the problem tractable, previous researchers have resorted to restricting the camera model or requiring an unrealistic number of point correspondences, both of which are more restrictive than necessary. We present a solution for the general case of a perspective uncalibrated camera. Our method requires that the torso does not twist considerably, an assumption that is usually satisfied for many poses of the body. We evaluate the quantitative performance of the method on synthetic data and the qualitative performance of the method on real images taken with unknown cameras and viewpoints. Both these evaluations show the effectiveness of the method at recovering the pose of the human body.
Genome sequence analyses show that Neisseria oralis is the same species as ‘Neisseria mucosa var. heidelbergensis’

Phylogenies generated from whole genome sequence (WGS) data provide definitive means of bacterial isolate characterization for typing and taxonomy. The species status of strains recently defined with conventional taxonomic approaches as representing Neisseria oralis was examined by the analysis of sequences derived from WGS data, specifically: (i) 53 Neisseria ribosomal protein subunit (rps) genes (ribosomal multi-locus sequence typing, rMLST); and (ii) 246 Neisseria core genes (core genome MLST, cgMLST). These data were compared with phylogenies derived from 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences, demonstrating that the N. oralis strains were monophyletic with strains described previously as representing ‘Neisseria mucosa var. heidelbergensis’ and that this group was of equivalent taxonomic status to other well-described species of the genus Neisseria. Phylogenetic analyses also indicated that Neisseria sicca and Neisseria macacae should be considered the same species as Neisseria mucosa and that Neisseria flavescens should be considered the same species as Neisseria subflava. Analyses using rMLST showed that some strains currently defined as belonging to the genus Neisseria were more closely related to species belonging to other genera within the family; however, whole genome analysis of a more comprehensive selection of strains from within the family Neisseriaceae would be necessary to confirm this. We suggest that strains previously identified as representing ‘N. mucosa var. heidelbergensis’ and deposited in culture collections should be renamed N. oralis. Finally, one of the strains of N. oralis was able to ferment lactose, due to the presence of β-galactosidase and lactose permease genes, a characteristic previously thought to be unique to Neisseria lactamica, which therefore cannot be thought of as diagnostic for this species; however, the rMLST and cgMLST analyses confirm that N. oralis is most closely related to N. mucosa.
Pure Erythroid Leukemia Following Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia is an unfortunate sequel to current multimodal intensive chemotherapy. The patient described was diagnosed with pure erythroleukemia, AML-M6b, during therapy for precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this unusual association.
Invasion of human keratinocytes by Staphylococcus aureus and intracellular bacterial persistence represent haemolysin‐independent virulence mechanisms that are followed by features of necrotic and apoptotic keratinocyte cell death

Summary Background Colonization of human skin by Staphylococcus aureus is a characteristic feature of several inflammatory skin diseases, which is often followed by tissue invasion and severe cell damage. A crucial role has been attributed to staphylococcal haemolysins in the cytotoxicity to epidermal structures.
Automatic video deshearing for skew sequences capturedby rolling shutter cameras

A novel automatic video deshearing is proposed to reduce the skew artifacts (jelly artifacts) in sequences captured by CMOS censor cameras. The paper first considers the principles of skew artifacts in rolling shutter cameras. Then a deshearing algorithm with high accuracy is discussed with automatic skew artifact detection. A video completion step is also implemented to reconstruct unavailable pixels in the new grid of the desheared frame. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively reduces the skew artifacts for different sequences captured by rolling shutter cameras.
An Empirical Study of Users' Continuance Intention and Word of Mouth Toward SNA (Social Network App)

There has been a long-running war going on over the mobile application and it has attracted increased attention in recent years. However, there has been little research on Social Network App (SNA). We try to extend the Expectation-Confirmation Model with the Technology Acceptance Model as the theoretical model to explain the users’ continuance intention and word of mouth on SNA usage. Hypothesis testing was performed using SmartPLS on data collected with 204 Apps users. The results show that satisfaction was affected by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, confirmation, and the continuance intention and word of mouth were influenced by satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Multivariate Krawtchouk Polynomials and Composition Birth and Death Processes

This paper defines the multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials, orthogonal on the multinomial distribution, and summarizes their properties as a review. The multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials are symmetric functions of orthogonal sets of functions defined on each of N multinomial trials. The dual multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials, which also have a polynomial structure, are seen to occur naturally as spectral orthogonal polynomials in a Karlin and McGregor spectral representation of transition functions in a composition birth and death process. In this Markov composition process in continuous time there are N independent and identically distributed birth and death processes each with support 0,1, . The state space in the composition process is the number of processes in the different states 0,1,. Dealing with the spectral representation requires new extensions of the multivariate Krawtchouk polynomials to orthogonal polynomials on a multinomial distribution with a countable infinity of states.
Scalable dht-based information service for large-scale grids

Current grid information service is centralized or hierarchical and proves inefficient as grid scale rapidly increases. The introduction of P2P techniques into grids breaks an encouraging path. However, frequent join and departure of resource nodes require strong self-organization capacity of system to maintain their rigid structure. Moreover, arranging identifier space for P2P nodes is knotty and has great impact on system performance. If the identifier space is too large, some nodes will be overloaded. On the contrary, small identifier space will bring the same problem as millennium bug. To address the issues, this paper proposes a scalable DHT-based (Distributed Hash Table) Information Service (DIS) for grid system, which organizes grid resources into a DHT ring based on VO (Virtual Organization). To save the identifier space while retaining the scalability and system performance, only stable VOs can join DIS via a new DHT node, whereas volatile VOs join DIS through being the sub-domain of other VO. Experimental results show that DIS provides rapid resource query, strong scalability and high throughput, meanwhile avoiding the key node failure as well as the bottleneck problem.