Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Ionization Forbidden Lines in the UV Spectrum of AG Draconis

High-ionization forbidden lines from Ca VII, Fe VII, Mg V, Mg VI, Mg VII, and Si VII are found in recent Hubble Space Telescope STIS ultraviolet spectra of the symbiotic star AG Draconis. These species have ionization potentials between 99 and 205 eV, which are unexpected due to the high density (≈1010 cm-3) of the AG Dra nebula. The identification of the Mg VII λλ2510, 2629 lines is the first in astrophysical or laboratory spectra, and revised rest wavelengths are suggested from the STIS spectra. Plasma diagnostics from Mg V-VII are applied, but do not provide a consistent constraint on temperature or density. A density ≥108 cm-3 is confirmed, however. The lines show double-peaked profiles with widths ≈100-160 km s-1, suggestive of an origin in an accretion disk. However, the line widths, if identified with motion in a Keplerian disk, indicate radii much smaller than sizes inferred from the line fluxes themselves. The source of these high-ionization forbidden lines remains unidentified.
Scatter: A New Inelastic Neutron Scattering Simulation Subroutine for GULP

The General Utility Lattice Program [1] (or GULP, to its friends) is a well-established and popular simulation program combining the functionality of both lattice and molecular dynamics. GULP's functionality is broad, with intrinsic functions enabling the materials researcher to model the lattice and molecular dynamics of a large range of semi-empirical potential models as well as structure optimizations, defect calculations, and structure/potential fitting using standard or genetic algorithm-based approaches. Further functionality has been added recently, with a collaboration between the University of Salford's Institute for Materials Research (Salford, U.K.) and Curtin University of Technology's Nanochemistry Research Institute (Perth, Western Australia), in the development of a new inelastic neutron scattering subroutine called “scatter,” which calculates inelastic (both coherent and incoherent) S(Q,ω) data sets for lattice models within GULP, which can be averaged over crystal orientation (the polycrystalline average). These data sets can then be used to assist in the analysis of experimental data on a wide range of neutron inelastic instruments, especially when studying polycrystalline materials.
Origin of debris disks and the supply of metals in DZ white dwarfs

Abstract We discuss the dynamical evolution of minor planetary bodies in the outer regions of planetary systems around the progenitors of DZ white dwarfs. We show that during the planetary-nebula phase of these stars, mass loss can lead to the expansion of all planetary bodies. The orbital eccentricity of the minor bodies, as relics of planetesimals, may be largely excited by the perturbation due to both gas drag effects and nearby gas giant planets. Some of these bodies migrate toward the host star, while others are scattered out of the planetary system. The former have modest probability of being captured by the sweeping secular resonances of giant planets, and induced to migrate toward the host star. When they venture close to their host stars, their orbits are tidally circularized so that they form compact disks where they may undergo further collisionally driven evolution. During the subsequent post main sequence evolution of their host stars, this process may provide an avenue which continually channels heavy elements onto the surface of the white dwarfs. We suggest that this scenario provides an explanation for the recently discovered Calcium line variation in G29-38.
Maternal Differentiation of Self and Toddlers’ Sleep: The Mediating Role of Nighttime Involvement

Good sleep is essential for optimal development and adaptive functioning. Hence, identifying the factors that shape sleep quality is important. Based on the transactional model of sleep development and drawing on Bowen’s concept of differentiation of self (DoS), the present study examined the interrelations between sleep-related parental behavior, child’s sleep quality, and mothers’ DoS. A community sample of 130 mothers of 24- to 36-month-old children completed the DoS instrument and sleep questionnaires. Lower maternal DoS levels were associated with higher parental sleep-related involvement, both at bedtime and through the course of the night. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), a path analysis model indicates that maternal sleep-related involvement functions as a mediator through which the differentiation of self is related to the sleep characteristics of toddlers. As the links between parenting practices and child sleep reflect bi-directional associations, the conclusion that can be drawn from the present data is that relational aspects, such as those defined and measured by the construct of DoS, contribute to sleep–wake regulation beyond infancy. The data suggest that this construct should be considered in intervention research.
Linking the Urban Environment and Health: An Innovative Methodology for Measuring Individual-Level Environmental Exposures

Environmental exposures (EE) are increasingly recognised as important determinants of health and well-being. Understanding the influences of EE on health is critical for effective policymaking, but better-quality spatial data is needed. This article outlines the theoretical and technical foundations used for the construction of individual-level environmental exposure measurements for the population of a northern English city, Bradford. The work supports ‘Connected Bradford’, an entire population database linking health, education, social care, environmental and other local government data over a period of forty years. We argue that our current understanding of environmental effects on health outcomes is limited both by methodological shortcomings in the quantification of the environment and by a lack of consistency in the measurement of built environment features. To address these shortcomings, we measure the environmental exposure for a series of different domains including air quality, greenspace and greenness, public transport, walkability, traffic, buildings and the built form, street centrality, land-use intensity, and food environments as well as indoor dwelling qualities. We utilise general practitioners’ historical patient information to identify the precise geolocation and duration of a person’s residence. We model a person’s local neighbourhood, and the probable routes to key urban functions aggregated across the city. We outline the specific geospatial procedure used to quantify the environmental exposure for each domain and use the example of exposure to fast-food outlets to illustrate the methodological challenges in the creation of city and nationwide environmental exposure databases. The proposed EE measures will enable critical research into the relationship and causal links between the built environment and health, informing planning and policy-making.
Simulation of X-Band Rainfall Observations from S-Band Radar Data

Abstract To design X-band radar systems as well as evaluate algorithm development, it is useful to have simultaneous X-band observation with and without the impact of path attenuation. One way to develop that dataset is through theoretical models. This paper presents a methodology to generate realistic range profiles of radar variables at attenuating frequencies, such as X band, for rain medium. Fundamental microphysical properties of precipitation, namely, size and shape distribution information, are used to generate realistic profiles of X band starting with S-band observation. Conditioning the simulation from S band maintains the natural distribution of rainfall microphysical parameters. Data from the Colorado State University’s University of Chicago–Illinois State Water Survey (CHILL) radar and the National Center for Atmospheric Research S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-POL) are used to simulate X-band radar variables. Three procedures to simulate the radar variables and sample applications .
Design, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Erythromycin-Loaded Nanodroplets to Counteract Infected Chronic Wounds Due to Streptococcus pyogenes

Streptococcus pyogenes causes a wide spectrum of diseases varying from mild to life threatening, despite antibiotic treatment. Nanoparticle application could facilitate the foreign pathogen fight by increasing the antimicrobial effectiveness and reducing their adverse effects. Here, we designed and produced erythromycin-loaded chitosan nanodroplets (Ery-NDs), both oxygen-free and oxygen-loaded. All ND formulations were characterized for physico-chemical parameters, drug release kinetics, and tested for biocompatibility with human keratinocytes and for their antibacterial properties or interactions with S. pyogenes. All tested NDs possessed spherical shape, small average diameter, and positive Z potential. A prolonged Ery release kinetic from Ery-NDs was demonstrated, as well as a favorable biocompatibility on human keratinocytes. Confocal microscopy images showed ND uptake and internalization by S. pyogenes starting from 3 h of incubation up to 24 h. According to cell counts, NDs displayed long-term antimicrobial efficacy against streptococci significantly counteracting their proliferation up to 24 h, thanks to the known chitosan antimicrobial properties. Intriguingly, Ery-NDs were generally more effective (104–103 log10 CFU/mL), than free-erythromycin (105 log10 CFU/mL), in the direct killing of streptococci, probably due to Ery-NDs adsorption by bacteria and prolonged release kinetics of erythromycin inside S. pyogenes cells. Based on these findings, NDs and proper Ery-NDs appear to be the most promising and skin-friendly approaches for the topical treatment of streptococcal skin infections allowing wound healing during hypoxia.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACOUSTIC DIFFRACTION BY A MUFFLER CONTAINING PERFORATED DUCTS

We consider the three-dimensional scalar problem of acoustic propagation in a muffler. We develop and analyze a Fredholm-type formulation for a stationary fluid in the timeharmonic setting. We prove a homogenization result for a muffler containing periodically perforated ducts. Essentially, the perforated boundaries become completely transparent when the period of perforations, which is assumed to be of the same order as the size of perforations, tends to zero. We also derive a homogenized impedance condition when the perforated duct is coated by an absorbing material. We present numerical examples in two dimensions, obtained from coupling finite elements in the muffler with modal decompositions in the inlet and outlet ducts, which demonstrate the limiting validity of the theoretical results. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
Service design at diagnostic service centers

We study a service design problem in diagnostic service centers, call centers that provide medical advice to patients over the phone about what the appropriate course of action is, based on the caller's symptoms. Due to the tension between increased diagnostic accuracy and the increase in waiting times more in‐depth service requires, managers face a difficult decision in determining the optimal service depth to guide the diagnostic process. The specific problem we consider models the situation when the capacity (staffing level) at the center is fixed, and when the callers have both congestion‐ and noncongestion‐related costs relating to their call. We develop a queueing model incorporating these features and find that the optimal service depth can take one of two different structures, depending on factors such as the nurses' skill level and the maximum potential demand. Sensitivity analyses of the two optimal structures show that they are quite different. In some situations, it may (or may not) be optimal for the manager to try to expand the demand at the center, and increasing skill level may (or may not) increase congestion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Spectral Ranking in Complex Networks Using Memristor Crossbars

Various centrality measures have been proposed to identify the influence of each node in a complex network. Among the most popular ranking metrics, spectral measures stand out from the crowd. They rely on the computation of the dominant eigenvector of suitable matrices related to the graph: EigenCentrality, PageRank, Hyperlink Induced Topic Search (HITS) and Stochastic Approach for Link-Structure Analysis (SALSA). The simplest algorithm used to solve this linear algebra computation is the Power Method. It consists of multiple Matrix-Vector Multiplications (MVMs) and a normalization step to avoid divergent behaviours. In this work, we present an analog circuit used to accelerate the Power Iteration algorithm including current-mode termination for the memristor crossbars and a normalization circuit. The normalization step together with the feedback loop of the complete circuit ensure stability and convergence of the dominant eigenvector. We implement a transistor level peripheral circuitry around the memristor crossbar and take non-idealities such as wire parasitics, source driver resistance and finite memristor precision into account. We compute the different spectral centralities to demonstrate the performance of the system. We compare our results to the ones coming from the conventional digital computers and observe significant energy savings while maintaining a competitive accuracy.
Robotic-assisted surgery in pediatrics: what is evidence-based?—a literature review

Background and Objective The use of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) has increased more slowly in pediatrics than in the adult population. Despite the many advantages of robotic instruments, the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) still presents some limitations for use in pediatric surgery. This study aims to examine evidence-based indications for RAS in the different fields of pediatric surgery according to the published literature. Methods A database search (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) was performed to identify articles covering any aspect of RAS in the pediatric population. Using Boolean operators AND/OR, all possible combinations of the following search terms were used: robotic surgery, pediatrics, neonatal surgery, thoracic surgery, abdominal surgery, urologic surgery, hepatobiliary surgery, and surgical oncology. The selection criteria were limited to the English language, pediatric patients (under 18 years of age), and articles published after 2010. Key Content and Findings A total of 239 abstracts were reviewed. Of these, 10 published articles met the purposes of our study with the highest level of evidence and therefore were analyzed. Notably, most of the articles included in this review reported evidence-based indications in urological surgery. Conclusions According to this study, the exclusive indications for RAS in the pediatric population are pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction in older children and ureteral reimplantation according to the Lich-Gregoire technique in selected cases for the need to access the pelvis with a narrow anatomical and working space. All other indications for RAS in pediatric surgery are still under discussion to date, and cannot be supported by papers with a high level of evidence. However, RAS is certainly a promising technology. Further evidence is strongly encouraged in the future.
Destruction of Superconductivity at the Onset of Long-Range Magnetic Order in the Compound ErRh4 B4

The compound ErRh4B4 becomes superconducting at a critical temperature T c1 of 8.7 K followed by a return to the normal state at a second critical temperature T c2 of 0.9 K. The return to the normal state at T c2 is coincident with the occurrence of long-range ordering of the magnetic moments of the Er 3+ ions which completely occupy a set of equivalent lattice sites.
The isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray lithium, beryllium and boron

The isotopes of cosmic-ray Li, Be, and B near 100 MeV per nucleon have been measured with cosmic-ray telescopes on board the IMP-7 and IMP-8 satellites during 1973--1974. The measured isotopic abundances provide a stringent test for models of interstellar propagation and solar modulation. It is found that the isotopic abundances can be explained using a steady-state interstellar propagation model with a 5 g cm$sup -2$ leakage mean free path. These results, taken along with our $sup 10$Be abundance measurements, indicate a longer lifetime for cosmic rays than that predicted by the usual assumption of an average interstellar density of 1 to 3 atoms cm$sup -3$. (AIP)
Hand-in-Hand Guidance: An Explore-Exploit Based Reinforcement Learning Method for Performance Driven Assembly-Adjustment

Nowadays, most high-precision products are still assembled manually, which leads to a low one-time pass rate of products. Workers need to adjust unqualified products repeatedly based on experience, resulting in inefficiency and poor quality consistency. In this work, we propose an explore-exploit reinforcement learning (EERL) framework to suggest the assembly parameters and quantity that workers need to adjust at each step. Jointed with the pretrained product performance prediction model, EERL can output a sequential decision to guide workers hand in hand to adjust unqualified products. EERL includes a two-phase learning process: 1) exploration; and 2) exploitation. In exploration phase, agents are encouraged by the curiosity to fully explore the qualified assembly states in the assembly-adjustment feature space. The regulated difference of random network distillation is used as a measure of curiosity. During exploitation, the agent is trained to learn an assembly-adjustment guidance policy of moving from any unqualified initial assembly state to the corresponding qualified state while satisfying the assembly-adjustment constraints. The curriculum learning mechanism is introduced to learn effectively in the complex environment with sparse reward and adjustment constraints. The proposed approach is validated on an benchmark optimization function and a case study of the gyroscope. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms other existing approaches.
Type I Error Rate Comparisons of Post Hoc Procedures for I j Chi-Square Tables

The authors used Monte Carlo methods to assess the per-contrast and experimentwise Type I error rates of two post hoc tests of cellwise residuals and four post hoc tests of pairwise contrasts in 3 4 chi-square contingency tables. The six post hoc procedures were evaluated under three sample sizes and under the null hypotheses of independence and homogeneity. Results of the study indicate that the cellwise adjusted residual method provided adequate experimentwise Type I error rate control when appropriate adjustments to the alpha level were made, and the Gardner pairwise post hoc procedure provided several advantages over the other pairwise procedures. This was true for both the independence and homogeneity models.
Integrated Sensing and Communication Aided Dynamic Resource Allocation for Random Access in Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks

An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) aided dynamic resource allocation is proposed for random access (RA) in Internet-of-Things (IoT) oriented satellite terrestrial relay networks (STRNs). Specifically, we design an ISAC aided RA architecture, which consists of sensing phase and RA phase. Relays can sense the number of active users by wireless sensing and assist RA with the sensed results. Active users are grouped into orthogonal clusters in the spectrum domain according to relays that they belong to. To appropriately utilize the bandwidth resources, a dynamic resource allocation optimization problem is formulated and solved, which is able to dynamically allocate bandwidth to each cluster according to the number of intra-cluster active users. Based on allocated bandwidth, active users can always perform optimal uplink RA, which maximizes the total system throughput. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme greatly outperforms the existing schemes in terms of total system throughput and packet loss rate (PLR).
State of the art on the hydraulic properties of pervious concrete

Pervious concrete is a type of concrete with high porosity that allows water to pass through it. It has a range of environmental benefits, including stormwater management, noise reduction, and temperature regulation. However, testing the permeability and strength of pervious concrete is costly and time-consuming, due to the many variables that can influence these properties. This paper presents research on the factors that influence the porosity and permeability of pervious concrete, including the type and size of aggregates, the water-cement ratio, and the cement-paste content. The paper also compares different methods of measuring permeability, and finds that a constant-head permeameter is more accurate than a falling-head permeameter. Additionally, the study investigates the clogging of pervious concrete and strategies to prevent it. The results of this research aim to improve the design of pervious concrete for use in the urban built environment. Highlights This paper presents the composition and method of formulation of pervious concrete based on cement and natural aggregates. Factors affecting the porosity of pervious concrete are identified. Correlations are established between the permeability and open porosity of pervious concrete. Factors influencing the permeability of pervious concrete are studied. Methods of measuring permeability are presented, and the results obtained with these different methods are compared. Different models for predicting the permeability of pervious concrete are presented.
The MACSI summer school: a case study in outreach in mathematics

To encourage the study of mathematics in Ireland, the Mathematics Applications Consortium for Science and Industry (MACSI) organizes a summer school once a year. The different aspects of this summer school are presented. Students are selected depending on their motivation, academic abilities, gender and geographical origins. Instruction and supervision is provided by academics, post-doctoral fellows and post-graduate students. The teaching programme evolves every year and reflects the interests of the people involved. Feedback from participants has been almost uniformly positive. Students favour interactive sessions and enjoy the residential aspect of the summer school. Food and accommodation are however the most costly aspects of this summer school. In this respect the support of Science Foundation Ireland has been invaluable.
The design and analysis of clinical experiments

Reliability of Measurement. Simple Linear Regression Analysis. The Parallel Groups Design. Special Cases of the Parallel Groups Study. Blocking to Control for Prognostic Variables. Stratification to Control for Prognostic Variables. Analysis of Covariance and the Study of Change. Repeated Measurements Studies. Latin and Greco-Latin Squares. The Crossover Study. Balanced Incomplete Block Designs. Factorial Experiments. Split-Plot Designs and Confounding. Appendix. Indexes.