Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Clinical and Paraclinical Analyses of Chronic Tension-Type Headache Associated or Unassociated With Disorder of Pericranial Muscles

Thirty-two female patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of chronic tension-type headache underwent multiple clinical (severity index before and after biofeedback therapy; anxiety score) and paraclinical (pericranial EMG levels and pressure-pain thresholds, temporalis exteroceptive silent period) assessments. Twenty-three patients (72%) had at least one increased EMG level and/or at least one decreased pain threshold and qualified for the subgroup “associated with disorder of pericranial muscles” (code 2.2.1). Nine patients (28%) were within the normal range for both investigations and would have been classified in the subgroup “unassociated with such disorder” (code 2.2.2). No significant differences were found between these two groups of patients for headache severity, anxiety, response to biofeedback therapy or duration of temporalis second exteroceptive silent period. The various clinical and paraclinical parameters were not significantly correlated to each other. It is therefore suggested that the subdivision of chronic tension-type headache in two subgroups based on pericranial EMG levels and/or pain sensitivity might be artificial. Since both of the latter and temporalis silent periods vary independently, they appear complementary in the study of tension-type headache patients and probably represent peripheral abnormalities, which are induced to varying intensities by a common central nervous system dysfunction.
Loose loops sink chips

This paper explores the concept of micro-architectural loops and discusses their impact on processor pipelines. In particular, we establish the relationship between loose loops and pipeline length and configuration, and show their impact on performance. We then evaluate the load resolution loop in detail and propose the distributed register algorithm (DRA) as a way of reducing this loop. It decreases the performance loss due to load mis-speculations by reducing the issue-to-execute latency in the pipeline. A new loose loop is introduced into the pipeline by the DRA, but the frequency of mis-speculations is very low. The reduction in latency from issue to execute, along with a low mis-speculation rate in the DRA result in up to a 4% to 15% improvement in performance using a detailed architectural simulator.
Alterations in Atrial Electrophysiology and Tissue Structure in a Canine Model of Chronic Atrial Dilatation Due to Mitral Regurgitation

Background—Clinically, chronic atrial dilatation is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying mechanism is not clear. We have investigated atrial electrophysiology and tissue structure in a canine model of chronic atrial dilatation due to mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods and Results—Thirteen control and 19 MR dogs (1 month after partial mitral valve avulsion) were studied. Dogs in the MR group were monitored using echocardiography and Holter recording. In open-chest follow-up experiments, electrode arrays were placed on the atria to investigate conduction patterns, effective refractory periods, and inducibility of AF. Alterations in tissue structure and ultrastructure were assessed in atrial tissue samples. At follow-up, left atrial length in MR dogs was 4.09±0.45 cm, compared with 3.25±0.28 at baseline (P <0.01), corresponding to a volume of 205±61% of baseline. At follow-up, no differences in atrial conduction pattern and conduction velocities were noted between control and MR dogs. Effective refractory periods were increased homogeneously throughout the left and right atrium. Sustained AF (>1 hour) was inducible in 10 of 19 MR dogs and none of 13 control dogs (P <0.01). In the dilated MR left atrium, areas of increased interstitial fibrosis and chronic inflammation were accompanied by increased glycogen ultrastructurally. Conclusions—Chronic atrial dilatation in the absence of overt heart failure leads to an increased vulnerability to AF that is not based on a decrease in wavelength.
There exist correlations between editing behaviors and hyperlinks structure in Wikipedia

The co-editing in Wikipedia is a typical and complex collective behavior with lots of voluntary editors' participation, while the relationship between the edit behaviors and the hyperlink structure of articles remains unknown until now. In this paper, we try to explore the correlation between them via a novel two-layer network. In this two-layer network, we model the articles in Wikipedia as nodes, and model the edits and hyperlinks as the edges of two layers respectively. Here, the correlation is suggested to be measured by a structure similarity metric. By analyzing the structure similarity of two layers via a method named partially ordered ranking, we find that there exist significant and stable correlations: in our sample dataset composed of four Wikipedia categories, the structure similarity is around 0.6, which is two times than that of a theoretical random network. Furthermore, if turn back to the initial stage of categories, i.e., take the evolution into consideration, the correlation is evolving too. Usually the evolution undergoes a sharp decline stage from the initial high value, and at last it tends to the stable value around 0.6.
actinomycetemcomitans Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Mouse Osteoblastic MC 3 T 3E 1 Cells Antiproliferative Capsular-like Polysaccharide Antigen from Actinobacillus

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) has been implicated in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and produces a multiplicity of tissue-damaging products. Among those products, the capsular-like polysaccharide antigen (CPA) from A. actinomycetemcomitans is a potent mediator of bone resorption. In fact, this CPA (serotype b) is known to promote osteoclast-like cell formation via interleukin (IL)-la production in mouse marrow cultures. Although osteoblasts complete bone formation, there are few reports focusing on the effect of CPA in bone-forming activity of osteoblasts in inflammatory disease sites. We hypothesized that CPA plays a mediating role in osteoblastic cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CPA from A. actinomycetemcomitans on the mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 and human osteosarcoma SaOS-2 cells. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c resulted in a potent dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation of both cell lines. Characterization of the antiproliferative activity in the CPA demonstrated that it was not cytotoxic for MC3T3-E1. A 20hour incubation with CPA-c resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic cell death in the cells, as evaluated by both cellular DNA fragmentation ELISA and FACS analysis. In contrast to the results obtained with a cytokine mixture (tumor necrosis factor-a, IL-1f, and interferon-,y), no inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase gene expression or NO release could be detected in MC3T3-E1 after incubation with CPA-c. Further, both CPA-b and -c caused potent induction of apoptosis-related modifiers, e.g., Fas mRNA, whereas bcl2 mRNA levels were unchanged. Therefore, this study has shown that CPA from A. actinomycetemcomitans contains a potent antiproliferative polysaccharide whose activity is associated with apoptotic cell death in MC3T3-E1, and that CPA per se is an inducer of apoptosis mediated by the Fas system but not by NO.
Radiofrequency Heat-Enhanced Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: Towards Interventional Molecular Image-Guided Chemotherapy

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Recent developments in minimally invasive interventional radiology techniques have significantly improved breast cancer treatment. This study aimed to develop a novel technique for the local management of breast cancers using radiofrequency heat (RFH). We performed both in vitro experiments using human breast cancer cells and in vivo validation in xenograft animal models with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological correlation to investigate the feasibility of our approach. Four treatment groups, including (1) no treatment (control), (2) RFH-only, (3) chemo (doxorubicin)-only, and (4) combination therapy with both doxorubicin and RFH, were conducted in each experiment. In vitro combination therapy significantly decreased breast cancer cell proliferation while increased their apoptosis index compared to the other three groups. MRI demonstrated a significant tumor size reduction in animals treated with combination therapy compared to those receiving other treatments in vivo. Such result was further confirmed by pathological examination. In conclusion, our findings suggests that RFH can enhance the therapeutic efficiency of doxorubicin on breast cancers, thus establishing the basis for future development of interventional molecular image-guided local chemotherapy for breast malignancies.
Formation and Variability of a Northerly Itcz in a Hybrid Coupled Agcm: Continental Forcing and Oceanic–atmospheric Feedback*

Despite the equatorial symmetry of the annual-mean insolation, the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and the collocated band of high sea surface temperature (SST) assume perennial northern latitudes over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic. An atmospheric general circulation model is coupled with an intermediate ocean model to study continental forcing and oceanic–atmospheric interaction that act to break the equatorial symmetry. The model reaches a statistically symmetric mean state under perfectly symmetric conditions with the continental coasts running along meridians. When a bulge of landmass is added to the eastern continent north of the equator, it initiates a coupled ocean–atmosphere wave front that propagates westward across the ocean basin, cooling the ocean surface and suppressing deep convection on and south of the equator. As a result, the ITCZ shifts into the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast to this basinwide response, little latitudinal asymmetry develops in the coupled model when the same land bulge is moved to the western continent, with the ITCZ staying on the equator. These model experiments demonstrate that the meridional structure of the oceanic ITCZ is largely determined by the continental geometry in the east, lending support to a westward control hypothesis based on simple linear wave dynamics. Under steady solar forcing, the model ITCZ displays substantial interannual variability in both intensity and latitude. A coherent interhemispheric SST pattern with opposing polarities is found to be associated with this ITCZ variability. Various oceanic–atmospheric feedback mechanisms involved in the formation and variability of the ITCZ are examined.
Integrity and Correspondence in Manam Double Reduplication

0. Introduction In this paper I argue that the nature of apparent haplology in Manam foot redupli-cation supports two claims: (1) a. Stems of the type ¡ ¢ £ ¢ £ , ending in two identical syllables, are underlyingly a shorter stem (i.e. /rago/) with lexicalized reduplication of a syllable. b. Words with multiple reduplication are analyzed with a single set of correspondence indices, so that more than one copy of a segment is penalized by the constraint INTEGRITY (Rose 1997). The analysis is couched in Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993). The paper is organized as follows. In §1 I outline the basic facts of reduplication in Manam, including the special status of stems like ¡ ¢ £ ¢ £ , which I suggest is inherently reduplicated. In §2 I discuss double reduplication in Salish, and the theoretical conclusions that have been drawn from it by Urbanczyk (1995). In §3 I discuss other cases of double reduplication in Ethiopic languages, which point to a somewhat different analysis as proposed by Rose (1997). In §4 I apply these conclusions to the Manam facts, which support Rose's analysis. In §5 I pursue some implications of the inherent reduplication analysis, and give a general conclusion. *
Quantitative Analysis of Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing

Gravitational light deflection due to mass along the line of sight will distort the images of background sources. Although an individual galaxy is not massive enough to cause a detectable lensing distortion in the background population, this effect can be measured statistically for a population of galaxies, and a first detection was claimed recently by Brainerd, Blandford, & Smail (BBS). BBS modeled their observations by describing galaxy halos as isothermal spheres of velocity dispersion σ, truncated at a radius s, where σ and s scale with the luminosity of the galaxy. Through Monte Carlo simulations they predicted the mean image polarization as a function of radius and compared it to the observations. In this paper we follow up on this discovery by developing a maximum-likelihood analysis that can constrain the halo properties of distant galaxy populations through “galaxy-galaxy” lensing; with it we show that the mean masses and sizes of halos can be estimated accurately, without excessive data requirements. The proposed maximum-likelihood analysis contains several important new elements: (1) it takes full account of the actual image ellipticities, positions, and apparent magnitudes, and as a consequence, it provides more efficient parameter estimation; (2) it provides automatically the proper relative weight for images of different ellipticities; (3) it uses a redshift probability distribution for each galaxy image and does not require a foreground lens-background image dichotomy; (4) it provides a rigorous means to investigate the covariances among the parameters that describe the halo model. We apply this analysis technique to simulated observations, using for ease of comparison the same lens model as BBS, and determine the best-fitting values, σ* and s*, corresponding to an L* galaxy. We explore two different observing strategies: (1) taking deep images (e.g., with HST) on small fields, and (2) using shallower images on larger fields. From these simulations we find that σ* can be determined to ≲10% accuracy if a sample of about 5000 galaxies with measured ellipticities are available, down to R ≲ 23. The corresponding data can be obtained on a 4 m class telescope in a few nights of very good seeing. Alternatively, the same accuracy in the determination of σ* can be achieved from about 10 moderately deep WFPC2 fields, on which galaxy shapes can be measured to about R ~ 25 and for which ground-based images are available on which the WFPC2 fields are centered. Firm lower limits can be set on the radial extent of the halo, but the maximal halo extent is poorly constrained. We show that this likelihood approach can also be used to constrain other parameters of the galaxy population, such as the Tully-Fisher index or the mean redshift of the galaxies as a function of apparent magnitude. Finally, we show how multicolor information, constraining the redshift of individual galaxies, can dramatically improve the accuracy of the parameter determination.
Activation of rat macrophages by Betafectin PGG‐glucan requires cross‐linking of membrane receptors distinct from complement receptor three (CR3)

PGG‐glucan (Betafectin ) is a soluble, highly purified yeast (1,3)‐β‐glucan with broad anti‐infective and immunomodulatory activities. These studies evaluated the ability of PGG‐glucan to directly elicit O2 – and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) production by rat leukocytes in vitro. Particulate β‐glucan stimulated O2 – production by the rat NR8383 alveolar macrophage cell line and resident rat peritoneal macrophages, but soluble PGG‐glucan did not. In contrast, presentation of PGG‐glucan to cells after covalent immobilization to a plastic surface caused a direct stimulation of O2 – and TNF‐α production. The O2 – response of rat leukocytes to immobilized PGG‐glucan was inhibited by soluble PGG‐glucan, indicating that cellular responses to both immobilized and soluble PGG‐glucan occur via common cell surface receptors. Because complement receptor type three (CR3) has been proposed as a β‐glucan receptor on human leukocytes, NR8383 cells were evaluated for the presence of CR3. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis showed that despite being responsive to both particulate and immobilized β‐glucans, NR8383 cells expressed no detectable CR3. These results indicate that the β‐glucan receptors on NR8383 cells are not CR3 and suggest that physical presentation plays an important role in inducing proinflammatory leukocyte responses to PGG‐glucan. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 337–344; 1998.
Ontology-based Information Extraction with SOBA

In this paper we describe SOBA, a sub-component of the SmartWeb multi-modal dialog system. SOBA is a component for ontologybased information extraction from soccer web pages for automatic population of a knowledge base that can be used for domainspecific question answering. SOBA realizes a tight connection between the ontology, knowledge base and the information extraction component. The originality of SOBA is in the fact that it extracts information from heterogeneous sources such as tabular structures, text and image captions in a semantically integrated way. In particular, it stores extracted information in a knowledge base, and in turn uses the knowledge base to interpret and link newly extracted information with respect to already existing entities.
Association of initial tuberculin sensitivity, age and sex with the incidence of tuberculosis in south India: a 15-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE To determine the association of initial tuberculin sensitivity, age and sex with the development of tuberculosis. METHODS A 15-year follow-up of 280000 subjects in south India, where new cases of tuberculosis were detected mainly by periodic population surveys. Life-table technique was employed to estimate tuberculosis incidence and disease risk in survivors. The independent effect of tuberculin sensitivity, sex and age at intake was determined using Cox's proportional hazard model. RESULTS Taking subjects with reaction size 0-7 mm to 3 IU PPD-S as reference group, the adjusted relative risk (RR) for developing culture-positive tuberculosis was 1.1, 1.9, 2.9, 3.6 and 3.3 for those with indurations of 8-11, 12-15, 16-19, 20-24 and > or = 25 mm (P < 0.01). Considering subjects aged 0-4 years as reference group, the adjusted RR for the other groups increased from 1.7 to 10.8 (P < 0.01). Males had a substantially higher incidence (adjusted RR 3.0, P < 0.001). The risk of culture-positive tuberculosis over 15 years in survivors was 3.3% (5.0% in males and 1.6% in females), and increased substantially with tuberculin sensitivity at intake. In those with > or = 12 mm at intake, the approximate lifetime risk was 6.1% (8.6% in males and 3.1% in females). CONCLUSION The incidence of tuberculosis increased steadily with tuberculin sensitivity to PPD-S and age at intake. Males had a significantly higher risk than females in every PPD-S group and the overall risk was three-fold higher.
Perinatal Risk Factors for Infant Hospitalization With Viral Gastroenteritis

Context. A tetravalent vaccine against rotavirus, the most commonly identified etiologic agent of viral gastroenteritis (GE), has recently been licensed for use in the United States. Objective. To evaluate whether specific groups of infants might be at sufficiently high risk to warrant a focused rotavirus vaccine policy, we investigated perinatal risk factors for hospitalization with viral GE and rotavirus in the first year of life. Design. Population-based, case–control study. Setting. Washington State linked birth certificate and hospital discharge abstracts from 1987 through 1995. Patients. Infants, 1 through 11 months of age, hospitalized for viral GE (N = 1606) were patients in this study. Control subjects were 8084 nonhospitalized infants, frequency-matched to patients on year of birth. Primary Outcome Measure. Maternal and infant characteristics associated with infant hospitalization for viral GE. Results. We found a significant association between birth weight and the risk for hospitalization. Very low birth weight infants (<1500 g) were at the highest risk (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6,4.1);, low birth weight infants (1500–2499 g), at intermediate risk (OR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3,2.1); and large infants (>4000 g), at reduced risk (OR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6,0.9). Other characteristics associated with GE hospitalization were male gender (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3,1.6); maternal smoking (OR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1,1.4); unmarried mother (OR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1,1.4); Medicaid insurance (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.3,1.7); and maternal age <20 years (OR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0,1.5). Infants born October through December were at decreased risk for hospitalization (OR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7,0.9), as were infants born to Asian mothers (OR 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3,0.7), and infants born to mothers >34 years of age (OR 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6,0.9). Using these factors, the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.63. Therefore, to achieve a sensitivity of 90% in identifying high-risk infants, specificity would fall to 10%. Subanalyses of children admitted for viral GE during the peak of the Northwest rotavirus season (January to March) and children with confirmed rotavirus infection demonstrated similar risk factors and receiver operating characteristic curves. Conclusion. We conclude that a focused rotavirus vaccination policy using readily identifiable potential high-risk groups would be unlikely to prevent most infant hospitalizations associated with rotavirus infection. However, the safety of rotavirus vaccine in low birth weight and premature infants must be established, because these children appear to be at greater risk for hospitalization with viral GE and rotavirus.
Near-field focusing plates

Using a modulated grating-like surface, referred to as a near-field focusing plate, we experimentally demonstrate focusing well beyond the diffraction limit. The reported near-field plate achieves a resolution of ≈ λ0/20 at a frequency of 1.027 GHz, where λ0 is the free space wavelength. Along with these experimental results, the intrinsic properties of near-field plates are reviewed and a general procedure for designing them is outlined.
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BPEL can automate orchestrations for crossorganizational web services; however, it meets a serious challenge from modeling human-intensive business activities, especially from addressing access control for human coordination considering complex interpersonal relationship in modern business. This paper analyzes the importance of human-intensive processes and introduces several additional types of BPEL constructs, then discusses RBAC Model extracted from BPEL process, finally uses improved FOAF to enhance RBAC Model in BPEL. The goal of our work is to enhance human coordination capability in BPEL-based business processes by using RBAC model and improved FOAF.