Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opto-acoustic phenomena in whispering gallery mode resonators

ABSTRACT Optical whispering gallery mode resonators are important platforms to enhance and study various nonlinear frequency conversion processes. Stimulated Brillouin scattering is one of the strongest nonlinear effects, and can be successfully investigated using these platforms. In this article, we study the phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering using a crystalline disk resonator. A fast scanning ringdown spectroscopy technique is used to characterize the optical modes featuring quality factors of the order of one billion at telecom wavelengths. The mW scale threshold power in a centimeter disk resonator is observed and found to be strongly dependent on the gap between the resonator and the prism coupler.
An Intellectual History of Parametric Item Response Theory Models in the Twentieth Century

The intellectual history of parametric item response theory (IRT) models is traced from ideas that originated with E.L. Thorndike, L.L. Thurstone, and Percival Symonds in the early twentieth century. Gradual formulation as a set of latent vari- able models occurred, culminating in publications by Paul Lazarsfeld and Federic Lord around 1950. IRT remained the province of theoreticians without practical ap- plication until the 1970s, when advances in computational technology made possible data analysis using the models. About the same time, the original normal ogive and simple logistic models were augmented with more complex models for multiple- choice and polytomous items. During the final decades of the twentieth century, and continuing into the twenty-first, IRT has become the dominant basis for large-scale educational assessment.
Self-sustained oscillations in a homogeneous-density round jet

The paper is devoted to a new phenomenon of self-sustained oscillations triggered in a round free homogeneous-density jet. It was shown by the experimental investigations supported by the numerical approach based on extensive-Large Eddy Simulations studies that such a self-sustained regime can be established in a homogeneous-density jet, provided that the boundary layer at the nozzle exit is sufficiently thin and the perturbation level sufficiently low. The growth rate of the naturally amplified unstable modes is high enough to induce backflow leading to self-excited oscillations.
Perspective rectification of document images based on morphology

With the information of text line and vertical stroke boundary of document images,we propose a morphology based hierarchical rectification method to recover the frontal-parallel view of perspectively distorted documents in single images.Firstly we extend the nearest-neighbor chain in document skew rectification to construct local adaptive structure elements,and group the connected components into text lines by the directional smoothing closing algorithm(DSCA). The fitted central lines are used to locate horizontal vanishing point(HVP) of the text plane.Secondly,a run-length opening algorithm (RLOA) is introduced to compute the local skew of vertical character strokes,thus,to locate the vertical vanishing point(VVP). Finally,a three-step hierarchical rectification method is proposed to recover a frontal-parallel view of perspectively distorted document images without knowledge of the camera internal parameters.Experiment results on various types of documents show that the proposed rectification method is robust,and it has achieved accurate estimation of vanishing points.
Frequent detection and genotyping of human rhinovirus in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients; a study from south of Iran

Background and Objectives: Human rhinovirus (HRV), a major cause of common cold, was associated to the hospitalization of children and adults. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence, and genotype distribution of HRV in the patients with mild to severe respiratory infections who were negative for SARS-Cov-2. Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab specimens (n = 356) from the patients aged 29 days to 82 years, received for the respiratory virus detection from January to December 2021, were analyzed for human rhinovirus (HRV) by RT-PCR. As a final step, genotyping was performed on obtained sequences. Results: A total of 37 HRV infections were identified (37/356, 10%). The highest rates of positive HRV tests were observed in February (21.6%), and January (18.9%), compared with June and August (0%). HRV-positive cases mainly appeared in winter. Among the age groups, those 2-<5 years of age had the highest detection rate (21%), however, those >55 years of age had the lowest detection rate (3%). Among HRV-positive samples, 30 (81%) were identified as type HRV-A, 5 (13.5%) as HRV-B, and 2 (5.5%) as HRV-C. Conclusion: Our results suggested that HRV frequency gradually decreased with the age of patients which is more active in Iran, especially in the cold months.
Global model reduction for flows with moving boundary

Traditional POD-Galerkin projection, as a popular approach for model order reduction, is usually applied in a fixed fluid domain which, however, is not the case for many fluidsolid systems with moving objects/boundaries. Instead of treating a time-dependent fluid domain, we consider the combination of fluid and solid one single stationary domain. The idea, which is similar to immersed boundary technique used in numerical simulation, is to have a modified Navier-Stokes equation in a combined fluid-solid domain and add extra body-force terms to the equation with support only in solid area to represent the moving boundary or solid structure. Global POD modes can then be computed with a new inner product also defined in the combined domain. With both the modes and equations defined in a fixed fluid-solid domain, the Galerkin projection is applied directly in the same domain and provides a global reduced-order model for the system. In comparison to the traditional approach, the new global model ends up with extra terms to represent solid motion. The critical role of these new terms is demonstrated here in application to flows passing respectively an oscillatory two-dimensional cylinder and an oscillatory three-dimensional sphere, where the new terms clearly help to sustain overall system energy.
A continuous Class‐EF power amplifier based on the general continuous mode design theory

Continuous mode provides better bandwidth performance and constant efficiency by offering greater design flexibility in fundamental and harmonics. However, this mode is mainly applicable to limited classes of power amplifiers (PAs) (such as Class‐F, Class‐J, and their derived types). In view of this problem, this paper proposes a general design theory for high‐efficiency broadband continuous PAs, which can easily extend any waveform of PAs to obtain the continuous impedance space. In theoretical analysis, first, the high‐efficiency equations are analyzed from the perspective of frequency domain. Furthermore, combining time domain constraints, a general continuous mode analysis and solution theory is presented. The theory is applied to the bandwidth expansion of Class‐EF PAs, resulting in a new continuous Class‐EF (C‐EF) mode that maintains constant efficiency while offering greater broadband design freedom. The proposed theory is verified by fabricating a C‐EF PA using GaN HEMT CGH40010F, which demonstrated output power (Pout) ranging from 39.5 to 41.2 dBm and drain efficiency (DE) of 69.5% to 79.2% in the frequency range of 2.5–3.6 GHz.
THE SUBOPTIMALITY ANALYSIS OF PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR CONTINUOUS NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

Considering the general continuous nonlinear systems,the suboptimality of stable predictive control with terminal constraints is studied and compared with the traditional optimal control.By analyzing the property of receding finite\|horizon optimization,the upper bound of suboptimality is obtained.The result is applied to linear systems,and a suboptimality quantized index is proposed.
Planning and Preparation of The Operational Budget of The Investment Service Department

The aim of this study is to describe procedure of planning and preparation operational budget on investment department in Serang City. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. The techniques used in data collection where the data sources obtained are primary and secondary data. Serang City Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Service As an institution or agency engaged in licensing and services, it really needs budget planning procedures, with budget planning procedures it can help minimize the occurrence of a budget preparation at the One-Stop Investment and Services Office of Serang City From the results of the discussion, the Regional Apparatus Organizational Budget Planning Procedure Case Study at the Serang City Investment and One-Stop Service Office is in accordance with established procedures so that it runs well and according to procedures.
Electron transfer processes associated with structural Fe in clay minerals

Abstract Fe-bearing clay minerals are widely distributed in soils, sediments, and rocks, representing a significant Fe pool in the Earth’s crust. The electron transfer (ET) from/to structural Fe in clay minerals is a crucial electron and energy flux in the natural environment, which drives numerous biogeochemical processes and contaminant transformation. Depending on the types and properties of both clay minerals and exogenous reactants as well as aqueous chemistry, the ET processes could involve interfacial ET through edge/basal planes and interior ET inside clay minerals. This paper reviews the important ET reactions between Fe-bearing clay minerals and various reactants, including Fe-cycling microbes, redox-active organic compounds, and heavy metals. Moreover, we discuss the physical-chemical mechanisms of interfacial and interior ET processes and develop models to illustrate the thermodynamic and kinetic constraints on the ET rate and extent. On this basis, we emphasize the environmental implications of ET associated with clay minerals, such as their roles in serving as biogeobatteries for biogeochemical processes and contaminant transformation, coevolution with microbes, and regulation of greenhouse gas formation. Finally, research needs are proposed to advance our molecular-scale understanding of ET processes and utilize them for environmental mitigation and human health. Graphical abstract
MTF Measurement and analysis of Micro-channel Plate Image Intensifiers

A measurement system was established to calculate the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of micro-channel plate image intensifiers (MCPIIs). When a narrow slit was projected onto the photocathode of MCPII as an input, line spread function (LSF) was found by recording a digital image of MCPIIs′ output with a CCD camera. The Fourier transform of LSF yielded MTF. Two Gen-II MCPIIs were measured under different bias and different input position. The MTF results are in agreement with the limiting resolution given by manufacturers. With the increase of MCPIIs′ PC bias, the resolution is improved rapidly before 140 V and then goes steady. Both MCPIIs suffer a rapid reduction in resolution at high MCP bias voltages. The phosphor voltage and input position have little influence on the resolution.
Polymorphisms in Intron 1 of HLA-DRA Differentially Associate with Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease and Implicate Involvement of Complement System Genes C4A and C4B

Polymorphisms in genes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region comprise the most important inherited risk factors for many autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD): both diseases are positively associated with the HLA-DR3 haplotype (DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01). Studies of two different populations have recently documented that T1D susceptibility in HLA-DR3 homozygous individuals is stratified by a haplotype consisting of three single nucleotide polymorphisms ("tri-SNP") in intron 1 of the HLA-DRA gene. In this study, we use a large cohort from the longitudinal "The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young" (TEDDY) study to further refine the tri-SNP association with T1D and with autoantibody-defined T1D endotypes. We found that the tri-SNP association is primarily in subjects whose first-appearing T1D autoantibody is to insulin. In addition, we discovered that the tri-SNP is also associated with celiac disease (CD), and that the particular tri-SNP haplotype ("101") that is negatively associated with T1D risk is positively associated with risk for CD. The opposite effect of the tri-SNP haplotype on two DR3-associated diseases can enhance and refine current models of disease prediction based on genetic risk. Finally, we investigated possible functional differences between the individuals carrying high and low-risk tri-SNP haplotypes, and found that differences in complement system genes C4A and C4B may underlie the observed divergence in disease risk.
High rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant Ugandan women and association with stunting in infancy

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has been well studied in resource-rich areas but many questions remain about effects of infection in African populations, particularly in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. Methods: We describe SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibody responses and clinical outcomes in mother-infant dyads enrolled in malaria chemoprevention trials in Uganda. Results: From December 2020 to February 2022, among 400 unvaccinated pregnant women, serologic assessments revealed that 128 (32%) were seronegative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM at enrollment and delivery, 80 (20%) were infected either prior to or early in pregnancy, and 192 (48%) were infected or re-infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. We observed preferential binding of plasma IgG to Wuhan-Hu-1-like antigens in individuals seroconverting up to early 2021, and to Delta variant antigens in a subset of individuals in mid-2021. Breadth of IgG binding to all variants improved over time. No participants experienced severe respiratory illness during the study. SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy was associated with lower median length-for-age Z-score at age 3 months compared with no infection or late pregnancy infection (-1.54 versus -0.37 and -0.51, p=0.009). Conclusion: Pregnant Ugandan women experienced high levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection without severe respiratory illness. Variant-specific serology testing demonstrated evidence of antibody affinity maturation at the population level. Early gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with shorter stature in early infancy.
Specific diagnostic criteria identify those at high risk for progression from 'preaddiction' to severe alcohol use disorder

Importance: Both current DSM-5 diagnoses of substance use disorders (SUDs) and the recent "preaddiction" conceptual proposal (i.e., mild-to-moderate SUD) rely on criterion count-based approaches, without consideration of evidence regarding varying severity grading indexed by individual criteria. Objective: To examine correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) across count-based severity groups (i.e., mild, moderate, mild-to-moderate, severe), identify specific diagnostic criteria indicative of greater severity, and evaluate whether the presence of specific criteria within mild-to-moderate AUD differentiates across relevant correlates and manifests in greater hazards of severe AUD development. Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Family-based study of individuals from seven sites across the United States. Participants: Cross-sectional (N=13,110; mean [SD] age, 37.8 [14.2] years) and longitudinal cohorts (N=2,818; mean baseline [SD] age, 16.1 [3.2] years) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Exposure: N/A Main Outcomes and Measures: Sociodemographic, alcohol-related, psychiatric comorbidity (major depressive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and other SUDs), brain electroencephalography (EEG), and AUD polygenic score measures as correlates of DSM-5 AUD levels (i.e., mild, moderate, severe) and criterion severity-defined "preaddiction" (i.e., low-risk vs. high-risk mild-to-moderate) AUD diagnostic groups. Results: Associations with alcohol-related, psychiatric, EEG, and AUD polygenic score measures reinforced the role of increasing criterion counts as indexing severity. Yet even within those meeting criteria for mild-to-moderate AUD (2-5 criteria), the presence of specific "high-risk" criteria (e.g., withdrawal) identified a group reporting heavier drinking and greater psychiatric comorbidity even after accounting for criterion count differences. In longitudinal analyses, prior mild-to-moderate AUD characterized by endorsement of at least one "high-risk" criterion outperformed other adolescent and young adult correlates of AUD progression (i.e., comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, alcohol involvement milestones) and was associated with more accelerated progression to severe AUD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 11.62; 95% CI, 7.54-17.92) compared to prior mild-to-moderate AUD without endorsement of "high-risk" criteria (aHR, 5.64; 95% CI, 3.28-9.70), independent of criterion count. Conclusions and Relevance: Current count-based AUD diagnostic approaches and the "preaddiction" concept both ignore heterogeneity among criteria. Estimating addiction vulnerability by emphasizing specific "high-risk" criteria may improve our understanding of its development and focus attention on those at greatest risk.
Integration of tissue-specific multi-omics data implicates brain targets for complex neuropsychiatric traits

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered genetic variants susceptible to brain disorders. However, due to the complex pathogenesis of these diseases and heterogeneity of the brain tissues, how and through which the genetic variants confer risk for brain abnormalities and brain disorders remain elusive, especially from a multi-omics perspective and in the context of brain regions. In this study, we integrated brain region-specific transcriptomics, proteomics, and imaging genetics data by systematically applying transcriptome- and proteome-wide association analysis, Mendelian randomization, and Bayesian colocalization methods. At both gene expression and protein abundance levels, this integrative study identified 51 associations linking 42 targets to structural alterations of 10 brain regions. Additionally, we validated the causal effects of 20 identified genes on one or more brain disorders. Our analysis further illuminated the significant enrichment of 12 targets in five main types of brain cells. Overall, this study underscored the utility of a multi-omics and region-specific approach in understanding the pathogenesis of complex brain abnormalities and brain disorders.
Cerebral aneurysm walls contain myoglobin that is possibly produced by myofibroblasts and contributes to wall thickening

Background: Cerebral aneurysms are associated with subarachnoid hemorrhages if ruptured; however, mechanisms underlying aneurysmal wall thinning and thickening remain unclear. We previously identified patterns of hemogynamic flow in aneurysms that are associated with wall thickening and thinning, and in this study our objective was to uncover the biological basis for these findings. Methods: Cerebral aneurysmal wall samples were collected between August 2020 and March 2022 for proteomic analysis and immunohistological investigation of smooth muscle cells, myoglobin, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. We examined the co-localization of myoglobin expression within smooth muscle cells, identified by -smooth muscle actin (-SMA) staining, and myofibroblasts, identified by periostin staining. We measured collagen density in the samples using Sirius Red staining and investigated its correlation with myoglobin density. Results: Analysis of proteins extracted from an area of thickening in the aneurysmal wall of one patient confirmed the presence of myoglobin. In 19 formalin-fixed aneurysmal wall samples, 14 expressed myoglobin, with 10 showing strong expression, and four showing weak expression. Myoglobin was scattered or clustered within the vascular smooth muscle layer and tended to be expressed at sites other than where iNOS was identified. Double-label immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the myoglobin-positive rate within -SMA-positive cells and -SMA-positive areas was 33.2{+/-}23.8% and 31.3{+/-}37.8%, respectively, whereas within periostin-positive cells and periostin-positive areas it was 92.2{+/-}13.7% and 79.8{+/-}29.5, respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the density of myoglobin and collagen in the same sample field, with a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.593 (p = 0.036). Conclusions: Cerebral aneurysmal walls express myoglobin, which may be produced by myofibroblasts in the wall. Areas with high myoglobin levels retain high levels of collagen fibers, and myoglobin may be involved in wall thickening by suppressing destructive changes in the extracellular matrix collagen fibers.
Position control of fishing line artificial muscles (coiled polymer actuators) from nylon thread

Recently, fishing line artificial muscle has been developed and is paid much attention due to the properties such as large contraction, light weight and extremely low cost. Typical fishing line artificial muscle is made from Nylon thread and made by just twisting the polymer. In this paper, because of the structure of the actuator, such actuators may be named as coiled polymer actuators (CPAs). In this paper, a CPA is fabricated from commercial Nylon fishing line and Ni-Cr alloy (Nichrome) wire is wound around it. The CPA contracts by the Joule heat generated by applied voltage to the Nichrome wire. For designing the control system, a simple model is proposed. According to the physical principle of the actuator, two first-order transfer functions are introduced to represent the actuator model. One is a system from the input power to the temperature and the other is a system from the temperature to the deformation. From the system identification result, it is shown that the dominant dynamics is the system from the input power to the temperature. Using the developed model, position control of the voltage-driven CPA is discussed. Firstly, the static nonlinearity from the voltage to the power is eliminated. Then, a 2-DOF PID controller which includes an inversion-based feed forward controller and a PID controller are designed. In order to demonstrate the proposed controller, experimental verification is shown.