Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bang bang motion control of a Cartesian crane

SUMMARY A motion controller for an overhead Cartesian crane in three-dimensional Euclidean (3-D) space is designed under the constraint that the control action belong to a discrete set of assigned values. The design approach rests upon a two-step procedure: first, a constraintfree motion controller is determined that satisfies the required dynamic specifications; second, this controller is replaced with an equivalent controller satisfying the discrete action constraint. The first step is implemented by means of a heuristic 3-D extension of a well-proven 2-D controller, the second step by applying recent sliding mode results. Numerical simulations illustrate the properties of the resulting feedback system under both nominal and perturbed operating conditions.
Up Close and Personal: An Individual Level Analysis of the Disposition Effect

In this paper, we analyze the trading records of a major discount brokerage house to investigate the disposition effect, the tendency to sell winners too quickly than losers. In contrast to previous research that has demonstrated the disposition effect by aggregating across investors (Odean, 1998), our main objective is to identify individual differences in the disposition bias and explain this in terms of underlying investor characteristics. Building on the findings in experimental economics and self-correction in psychology, we hypothesize that investors' sophistication about financial markets and trading experience is responsible in part for the variation in individual disposition effect. Using demographic and socio-economic data as proxies for investors' sophistication, we find empirical evidence that wealthier and individual investors in professional occupations exhibit less disposition effect. Consistent with experimental economics, trading experience also tends to reduce the disposition effect. We provide guidelines for investment advisors, regulators and investment communities to utilize our findings and help investors make better decisions.
The Social Life of Avatars: Presence and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments

175 © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the authors of the articles you wish to copy or kinshuk@massey.ac. nz. The Social Life of Avatars: Presence and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environments (Book Review)
A survey of aging characteristics of cellulose insulation in natural ester and mineral oil

The article makes a case for allowing higher temperatures in transformers filled with natural ester fluids. This article will first provide a review of data from aging studies performed on cellulose (both Kraft paper and pressboard) impregnated separately in mineral oil and BIOTEMP (ABB, USA), a high oleic sunflower based fluid. Next, possible mechanisms that explain the differences in aging behavior will be discussed. The article concludes with recommendations for new temperature limits for BIOTEMP-impregnated transformers in comparison with mineral-oil-impregnated transformers.
Connections between emotion and understanding in development

Early understanding of emotion - evidence from natural language, H.W. Wellman et al theory of mind development and social understanding, J. Wilde Astington, J.M. Jenkins false belief understanding goes to school - on the social-emotional consequences of coming early or late to a first theory of mind, C.E. Lalonde, M. Chandler children as psychologists - the later correlates of individual differences in understanding of emotions and other minds, J. Dunn the relation of young children's vicarious emotional responding to social competence, regulation and emotionality, N. Eisenberg, R.A. Fabes parental meta-emotion structure predicts family and child outcomes, C. Hooven et al mother-child talk about past emotions - relations of maternal language and child gender over time, J. Kuebli et al.
Hypoxia‐responsive miR‐124 and miR‐144 reduce hypoxia‐induced autophagy and enhance radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells via suppressing PIM1

Cancer cells in hypoxia usually make adaptive changes in cellular metabolism, such as altered autophagy. This might be a cause of enhanced radioresistance in some types of cancer. In this study, we investigated hypoxia‐responsive miRNAs in two prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3). This study firstly reported that hypoxia induces further downregulation of miR‐124 and miR‐144, which might be a result of impaired dicer expression. These two miRNAs can simultaneously target 3′UTR of PIM1. Functional study showed that miR‐124 or miR‐144 overexpression can inhibit hypoxia‐induced autophagy and enhance radiosensitivity at least via downregulating PIM1. Therefore, hypoxia induced miR‐124 and miR‐144 downregulation may contribute to a prosurvival mechanism of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia and irradiation at least through attenuated suppressing of PIM1. This finding presents a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
Work Distribution Influences Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion Response During Resistance Exercise Matched for Total Volume

Abstract Kraft, JA, Green, JM, and Gast, TM. Work distribution influences session ratings of perceived exertion response during resistance exercise matched for total volume. J Strength Cond Res 28(7): 2042–2046, 2014—Session ratings of perceived exertion (SRPE) are sensitive to changes in total work volume and work rate during resistance training. This study examined the influence of work distribution (varied load, set, and repetitions [reps]) on SRPE in 2 resistance exercise trials matched for total work volume (sets × reps × percentage of 1 repetition maximum [% 1RM]) and work rate (total work volume/time). Participants completed a low load/high rep (LLHR) trial (2 sets × 12 reps × 3-minute recovery at ∼60% 1RM) and a high load/low rep (HLLR) trial (3 sets × 6 reps × 1.5-minute recovery at ∼80% 1RM) of the bench press, lat pull-down, overhead press, upright row, triceps extension, and biceps curl. A 2-minute recovery separated each exercise in both trials. Session ratings of perceived exertion and recovery heart rate (HR) were recorded 20 minutes after exercise. Preset and postset RPE and HR were higher for HLLR vs. LLHR (3.1 ± 1.6; 104 ± 15 b·min−1 vs. 2.1 ± 1.3; 98 ± 10 b·min−1) and (5.5 ± 0.9; 139 ± 14 b·min−1 vs. 4.4 ± 0.9; 131 ± 12 b·min−1), respectively. Session RPE was higher for HLLR (5.7 ± 1.4) vs. LLHR (4.3 ± 1.4) with no difference in recovery HR. Session ratings of perceived exertion was greater with higher load despite matched total volumes and work rates. Higher preset acute RPE and HR in HLLR may indicate differences in recovery between sets. Higher postset acute RPE and HR in HLLR indicated increased difficulty of individual sets in HLLR, which likely contributed to SRPE differences. Practitioners can be confident that SRPE accurately reflects changes in training load when the number of sets, reps, and loads are altered within routine training.
Extra- and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic dysfunction and heterogeneous endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Although patients with PCOS are typically characterized by increased numbers of oocytes retrieved during IVF, they are often of poor quality, leading to lower fertilization, cleavage and implantation rates, and a higher miscarriage rate. METHODS For this review, we searched the database MEDLINE (1950 to January 2010) and Google for all full texts and/or abstract articles published in English with content related to oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. RESULTS The search showed that alteration of many factors may directly or indirectly impair the competence of maturating oocytes through endocrine and local paracrine/autocrine actions, resulting in a lower pregnancy rate in patients with PCOS. The extra-ovarian factors identified included gonadotrophins, hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia, although intra-ovarian factors included members of the epidermal, fibroblast, insulin-like and neurotrophin families of growth factors, as well as the cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Any abnormality in the extra- and/or intra-ovarian factors may negatively affect the granulosa cell–oocyte interaction, oocyte maturation and potential embryonic developmental competence, contributing to unsuccessful outcomes for patients with PCOS who are undergoing assisted reproduction.
Models Of Short-Term Memory

The concept of working memory, A. Baddeley covert processes and their development in short-term memory, N. Cowan, R. Kail a connectionist model of STM for serial order, N. Burgess, G.J. Hitch interactive processes in phonological memory, S.E. Gathercole, A.J. Martin the representation of words and nonwords in short-term memory - serial order and syllable structure, G. Houghton et al nonword repetition, STM, and word age-of-acquisition - a computational model, G.D. A. Brown, C. Hulme associations and disassociations between language impairment and list recall - implications for models of STM, R.C. Martin, M.F. Lesch auditory short-term memory and the perception of speech, C. Frankish the object-oriented episodic record model, D.M. Jones et al item, associative, and serial-order information in TODAM, B. Murdock how many words can working memory hold? - a model and a method, R. Schweickert et al.
Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Imaging TRAIL-Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Monitor Colon Xenograft Tumors In Vivo

Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can serve as vehicles for therapeutic genes. However, little is known about MSC behavior in vivo. Here, we demonstrated that probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can be used to track MSCs in vivo and individually monitor tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene expression within carcinomas. Methods Isolated BALB/c nu/nu mice MSCs (MSCs) were characterized and engineered to co-express the TRAIL and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) genes. The number of MSCs co-expressing EGFP and TRAIL (TRAIL-MSCs) at tumor sites was quantified with pCLE in vivo, while their presence was confirmed using immunofluorescence (IF) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The therapeutic effects of TRAIL-MSCs were evaluated by measuring the volumes and weights of subcutaneous HT29-derived xenograft tumors. Results Intravital imaging of the subcutaneous xenograft tumors revealed that BALB/c mice treated with TRAIL-MSCs exhibited specific cellular signals, whereas no specific signals were observed in the control mice. The findings from the pCLE images were consistent with the IF and qPCR results. Conclusion The pCLE results indicated that endomicroscopy could effectively quantify injected MSCs that homed to subcutaneous xenograft tumor sites in vivo and correlated well with the therapeutic effects of the TRAIL gene. By applying pCLE for the in vivo monitoring of cellular trafficking, stem cell-based anticancer gene therapeutic approaches might be feasible and attractive options for individualized clinical treatments.
Anticancer Efficacy of Polyphenols and Their Combinations

Polyphenols, found abundantly in plants, display many anticarcinogenic properties including their inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis. In addition, they can modulate immune system response and protect normal cells against free radicals damage. Most investigations on anticancer mechanisms of polyphenols were conducted with individual compounds. However, several studies, including ours, have indicated that anti-cancer efficacy and scope of action can be further enhanced by combining them synergistically with chemically similar or different compounds. While most studies investigated the anti-cancer effects of combinations of two or three compounds, we used more comprehensive mixtures of specific polyphenols and mixtures of polyphenols with vitamins, amino acids and other micronutrients. The mixture containing quercetin, curcumin, green tea, cruciferex, and resveratrol (PB) demonstrated significant inhibition of the growth of Fanconi anemia head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 secretion, cell migration and invasion through Matrigel. PB was found effective in inhibition of fibrosarcoma HT-1080 and melanoma A2058 cell proliferation, MMP-2 and -9 expression, invasion through Matrigel and inducing apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention. A combination of polyphenols (quercetin and green tea extract) with vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients (EPQ) demonstrated significant suppression of ovarian cancer ES-2 xenograft tumor growth and suppression of ovarian tumor growth and lung metastasis from IP injection of ovarian cancer A-2780 cells. The EPQ mixture without quercetin (NM) also has shown potent anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro in a few dozen cancer cell lines by inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis, MMP-2 and -9 secretion, invasion, angiogenesis, and cell growth as well as induction of apoptosis. The presence of vitamin C, amino acids and other micronutrients could enhance inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on secretion of MMPs. In addition, enrichment of NM with quercetin (EPQ mix) enhanced anticancer activity of NM in vivo. In conclusion, polyphenols, especially in combination with other polyphenols or micronutrients, have been shown to be effective against multiple targets in cancer development and progression, and should be considered as safe and effective approaches in cancer prevention and therapy.
Phylogenetic analysis of the bacterial communities in marine sediments

For the phylogenetic analysis of microbial communities present in environmental samples microbial DNA can be extracted from the sample, 16S rDNA can be amplified with suitable primers and the PCR, and clonal libraries can be constructed. We report a protocol that can be used for efficient cell lysis and recovery of DNA from marine sediments. Key steps in this procedure include the use of a bead mill homogenizer for matrix disruption and uniform cell lysis and then purification of the released DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. For sediments collected from two sites in Puget Sound, over 96% of the cells present were lysed. Our method yields high-molecular-weight DNA that is suitable for molecular studies, including amplification of 16S rRNA genes. The DNA yield was 47 micrograms per g (dry weight) for sediments collected from creosote-contaminated Eagle Harbor, Wash. Primers were selected for the PCR amplification of (eu)bacterial 16S rDNA that contained linkers with unique 8-base restriction sites for directional cloning. Examination of 22 16S rDNA clones showed that the surficial sediments in Eagle Harbor contained a phylogenetically diverse population of organisms from the Bacteria domain (G. J. Olsen, C. R. Woese, and R. Overbeek, J. Bacteriol. 176:1-6, 1994) with members of six major lineages represented: alpha, delta, and gamma Proteobacteria; the gram-positive high G+C content subdivision; clostridia and related organisms; and planctomyces and related organisms. None of the clones were identical to any representatives in the Ribosomal Database Project small subunit RNA database. The analysis of clonal representives in the first report using molecular techniques to determine the phylogenetic composition of the (eu)bacterial community present in coastal marine sediments.
Nonlinearity in nanomechanical cantilevers

Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is widely used to successfully predict the linear dynamics of micro- and nanocantilever beams. However, its capacity to characterize the nonlinear dynamics of these devices has not yet been rigorously assessed, despite its use in nanoelectromechanical systems development. In this article, we report the first highly controlled measurements of the nonlinear response of nanomechanical cantilevers using an ultralinear detection system. This is performed for an extensive range of devices to probe the validity of Euler-Bernoulli theory in the nonlinear regime. We find that its predictions deviate strongly from our measurements for the nonlinearity of the fundamental flexural mode, which show a systematic dependence on aspect ratio (length/width) together with random scatter. This contrasts with the second mode, which is always found to be in good agreement with theory. These findings underscore the delicate balance between inertial and geometric nonlinear effects in the fundamental mode, and strongly motivate further work to develop theories beyond the Euler-Bernoulli approximation.
Two elements target SIV Nef to the AP‐2 clathrin adaptor complex, but only one is required for the induction of CD4 endocytosis

The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) Nef proteins induce the endocytosis of CD4 and class I MHC molecules. Here we show that SIV Nef interacts with the AP‐2 adaptor complex via two elements located in the N‐terminal region of the Nef molecule, but only the N‐distal element is required to induce CD4 endocytosis. This N‐distal AP‐2 targeting element contains no canonical endocytic signals and probably contacts the AP‐2 complex via a novel interaction surface. The data support a model where SIV Nef induces CD4 endocytosis by promoting the normal interactions between the di‐leucine sorting signal in the CD4 cytoplasmic domain and AP‐2, but does not substitute for the CD4–AP‐2 adaptor interaction. Neither element is important for the induction of class I MHC endocytosis, thus indicating that different mechanisms underlie the induction of class I MHC and CD4 endocytosis by Nef. In contrast to SIV Nef, HIV‐1 Nef interacts with AP‐2 via a surface containing a di‐leucine endocytosis signal in the C‐terminal disordered loop of Nef. The fact that genetic selection maintains similar molecular interactions via different surfaces in SIV and HIV‐1 Nef proteins indicates that these interactions have critical roles for the viral life cycle in vivo.
Discovering One's Talent: Learning from Academic Specialization

The author examines an exogenous difference in the timing of academic specialization within the British system of higher education to test whether education yields information about one's match quality in different fields of study. In distinguishing between systems requiring early and late specialization, he predicts the likelihood of an individual switching to an occupation unrelated to one's field of study. If higher education serves mainly to provide specific skills, the model predicts more switching in a system requiring late specialization since the cost of switching is lower in terms of foregone skills. Using the Universities Statistical Record from 1972 to 1993 and the 1980 National Survey of Graduates and Diplomates, he finds that individuals who specialize early, as in the case of England, are more likely to switch to an unrelated occupation, implying that the benefits to increased match quality are sufficiently large to outweigh the greater loss in skills from specializing early.
APPLICATION AN SVM MACHINE TO FINANCIAL TIME SERIES MODELLING

: In Support Vector Machines (SVM´s), a non-linear model is estimated based on solving a Quadratic Programming (QP) problem. Based on work [1] we investigate the quantifying of statistical structural model parameters of inflation in Slovak economics. Dynamic and SVM´s modelling approaches are used for automated specification of a functional form of the model in data mining systems. Based on dynamic modelling, we provide the fit of the inflation models over the period 1993-2003 in the Slovak Republic, and use them as a tool to compare their forecasting abilities with those obtained using SVM´s method. Some methodological contributions are made to dynamic and SVM´s modelling approaches in economics and to their use in data mining systems. The study discusses, analytically and numerically demonstrates the quality and interpretability of the obtained results. Three partly modified programs developed by S. Gunn [4] cover the SVM regression technique by applying in the Matlab5 version. There is no need for a manual here because all programs are user-friendly even for beginners in using MATLAB.
Fuzzy entropy semi-supervised support vector data description

Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) is known as one of the best kernel-based methods for one-class classification problems. SVDD requires fully labelled data sets. However, in reality, an abundant amount of data can be easily collected, while the labelling process is often expensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. Therefore, partially labelled data sets are popular and easy to obtain. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised learning method, Fuzzy Entropy Semi-supervised SVDD (FS3VDD), to extend SVDD to cope with partially labelled data sets. The learning model employs fuzzy membership and fuzzy entropy to help the labelling of the unlabeled data.
Pattern Selection in Faraday Waves

We present a systematic nonlinear theory of pattern selection for paramet-ric surface waves (Faraday waves), not restricted to ﬂuids of low viscosity. A standing wave amplitude equation is derived from the Navier-Stokes equations that is of gradient form. The associated Lyapunov function is calculated for diﬀerent regular patterns to determine the selected pattern near threshold. For ﬂuids of large viscosity, the selected wave pattern consists of parallel stripes. At lower viscosity, patterns of square symmetry are obtained in the capillary regime (large frequencies). At lower frequencies (the mixed gravity-capillary regime), a sequence of six-fold (hexagonal), eight-fold, . patterns are predicted. The regions of stability of the various patterns are in quantitative agreement with recent experiments conducted in large aspect ratio systems.
Angiotensin-(1-7) and Baroreflex Function in Nucleus Tractus Solitarii of (mRen2)27 Transgenic Rats

Endogenous angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) enhances, while Ang II attenuates, baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) for reflex control of heart rate (HR) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In (mRen2)27 renin transgenic rats [(mRen2)], there is overexpression of the mouse Ren2 gene in brain, leading to elevated Ang II and reduced Ang-(1-7) in brain medullary, and associated with hypertension and impaired BRS. Methods: We therefore tested the contribution of endogenous Ang-(1-7) to BRS for control of HR and responses to cardiac vagal chemosensitive afferent fiber activation (CVA) with phenylbiguanide (PBG) in anesthetized SD and (mRen2) 27 rats before and after bilateral nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS) injection of the Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist (D-Ala7)-Ang-(1-7). Results: (mRen2) 27 rats exhibited a ∼50% impairment in BRS as compared with SD (P < 0.05). (D-Ala7)-Ang-(1-7) attenuated BRS by ∼50% in SD rats, but was without effect in (mRen2) 27 rats. (D-Ala7)-Ang-(1-7) did not alter the responses to CVA by PBG (iv bolus) in either strain. There were no differences in the depressor effects of Ang-(1-7) injected into the nTS, nor were levels of mRNA different for angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, neprilysin, or the mas receptor in medullary tissue from SD versus (mRen2)27 rats. Conclusion: Endogenous Ang-(1-7) does not provide tonic input in the nTS to modulate BRS for control of HR in (mRen2)27 rats, which may contribute to impairment of BRS in these animals.