Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Helicobacteraceae in Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Herds from Northern Italy

Helicobacter pylori is responsible for gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, but the routes of transmission of this bacterium have not been clearly defined. Few studies led to supposing that H. pylori could be transmitted through raw milk, and no one investigated the presence of other Helicobacteraceae in milk. In the current work, the presence of Helicobacteraceae was investigated in the bulk tank milk of dairy cattle herds located in northern Italy both by direct plating onto H. pylori selective medium and by screening PCR for Helicobacteraceae, followed by specific PCRs for H. pylori, Wolinella spp. , and “Candidatus Helicobacter bovis. ” Three out of 163 bulk milk samples tested positive for Helicobacteraceae, but not for the subsequent PCRs. H. pylori was not isolated in any case. However, given similar growth conditions, Arcobacter butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, and A. skirrowii were recovered. In conclusion, the prevalence of Helicobacteraceae in raw milk was negligible (1.8%), and H. pylori was not identified in any of the positive samples, suggesting that, at least in the farming conditions of the investigated area, bovine milk does not represent a potential source of infection.
Treatment of Vascular Dementia: The Route of Prevention

Vascular dementia (VaD), rather than being considered as a univocal nosological entity, should be regarded as a heterogeneous clinical entity which differs in clinical-pathological phenotype as well as in pathophysiological mechanisms, but shares cerebrovascular disease (CVD), resulting from vascular or circulatory pathology, as the cause of dementia. The aim of this review is to discuss VaD treatment focusing particularly on more prevalent ischemic forms. Due to the fact that there are presently no treatments capable of obtaining considerable results once VaD is clinically established, specific emphasis will be given to the therapeutic strategies aimed at the prevention of CVD risk factors. The therapeutic strategies aimed at slowing the progression of the disease will also be discussed.
Learning occlusion with likelihoods for visual tracking

We propose a novel algorithm to detect occlusion for visual tracking through learning with observation likelihoods. In our technique, target is divided into regular grid cells and the state of occlusion is determined for each cell using a classifier. Each cell in the target is associated with many small patches, and the patch likelihoods observed during tracking construct a feature vector, which is used for classification. Since the occlusion is learned with patch likelihoods instead of patches themselves, the classifier is universally applicable to any videos or objects for occlusion reasoning. Our occlusion detection algorithm has decent performance in accuracy, which is sufficient to improve tracking performance significantly. The proposed algorithm can be combined with many generic tracking methods, and we adopt L1 minimization tracker to test the performance of our framework. The advantage of our algorithm is supported by quantitative and qualitative evaluation, and successful tracking and occlusion reasoning results are illustrated in many challenging video sequences.
Title : “ Heterozygous inactivation of tsc 2 enhances tumorigenesis in p 53 mutant zebrafish ” Running title : tumors in tsc 2 / p 53 mutant animals

Fax: 615-322-0486. Phone: 615-936-4113. Email address: kevin.ess@vanderbilt.edu © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly cited and all further distributions of the work or adaptation are subject to the same Creative Commons License terms.
Cloud Object Analysis of CERES Aqua Observations of Tropical and Subtropical Cloud Regimes: Four-Year Climatology

AbstractFour distinct types of cloud objects—tropical deep convection, boundary layer cumulus, stratocumulus, and overcast stratus—were previously identified from CERES Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. Six additional types of cloud objects—cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus, altocumulus, transitional altocumulus, and solid altocumulus—are identified from CERES Aqua satellite data in this study. The selection criteria for the 10 cloud object types are based on CERES footprint cloud fraction and cloud-top pressure, as well as cloud optical depth for the high-cloud types. The cloud object is a contiguous region of the earth with a single dominant cloud-system type. The data are analyzed according to cloud object types, sizes, regions, and associated environmental conditions. The frequency of occurrence and probability density functions (PDFs) of selected physical properties are produced for the July 2006–June 2010 period. It is found that deep convective and boundary layer types dominate the .
Ultrastructure of Rickettsia sibirica during interaction with the host cell.

Rickettsia sibirica (strain Netsvetaev) was found within large translucent spaces in the cytoplasm of L-929 cell monolayer cultures on day 6 postinfection (p.i.). These rickettsiae were rod shaped 0.3 X 10 microns in size encircled by a halo of up to 200 nm wide corresponding to a capsule-like coat. Directly on the cell wall was a 12 nm thick microcapsule in which subunit structures with 12 nm thick spacing could be recognized. The cell wall membrane was 14 nm thick with a wider internal layer occasionally in a section found split into two electron-dense lamels; the internal layer corresponded to peptidoglycan. The periplasmic space with an average thickness of 5 nm separated the cell wall from a 7 nm thick cytoplasmic membrane. The ultrastructure of R. sibirica was similar to that of other rickettsiae, although the capsule-like coat was thicker than in spotted fever (SF) group rickettsiae.
Timing of Myocardial Trpm7 Deletion During Cardiogenesis Variably Disrupts Adult Ventricular Function, Conduction, and Repolarization

Background— Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of broadly expressed ion channels with diverse physiological roles. TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC6 are believed to contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models. Human mutations in TRPM4 have been linked to progressive familial heart block. TRPM7 is a divalent-permeant channel and kinase of unknown function, recently implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation; however, its function in ventricular myocardium remains unexplored. Methods and Results— We generated multiple cardiac-targeted knockout mice to test the hypothesis that TRPM7 is required for normal ventricular function. Early cardiac Trpm7 deletion (before embryonic day 9; TnT/Isl1-Cre) results in congestive heart failure and death by embryonic day 11.5 as a result of hypoproliferation of the compact myocardium. Remarkably, Trpm7 deletion late in cardiogenesis (about embryonic day 13; &agr;MHC-Cre) produces viable mice with normal adult ventricular size, function, and myocardial transcriptional profile. Trpm7 deletion at an intermediate time point results in 50% of mice developing cardiomyopathy associated with heart block, impaired repolarization, and ventricular arrhythmias. Microarray analysis reveals elevations in transcripts of hypertrophy/remodeling genes and reductions in genes important for suppressing hypertrophy (Hdac9) and for ventricular repolarization (Kcnd2) and conduction (Hcn4). These transcriptional changes are accompanied by action potential prolongation and reductions in transient outward current (Ito; Kcnd2). Similarly, the pacemaker current (If; Hcn4) is suppressed in atrioventricular nodal cells, accounting for the observed heart block. Conclusions— Trpm7 is dispensable in adult ventricular myocardium under basal conditions but is critical for myocardial proliferation during early cardiogenesis. Loss of Trpm7 at an intermediate developmental time point alters the myocardial transcriptional profile in adulthood, impairing ventricular function, conduction, and repolarization.
On Klein's So-called Non-Euclidean geometry

In two papers titled "On the so-called non-Euclidean geometry", I and II, Felix Klein proposed a construction of the spaces of constant curvature -1, 0 and and 1 (that is, hyperbolic, Euclidean and spherical geometry) within the realm of projective geometry. Klein's work was inspired by ideas of Cayley who derived the distance between two points and the angle between two planes in terms of an arbitrary fixed conic in projective space. We comment on these two papers of Klein and we make relations with other works.
Adjustable recessions in horizontal comitant strabismus: A pilot study

Aim: To compare the surgical outcome of adjustable with the conventional recession in patients with horizontal comitant strabismus. Patients and Methods: A prospective comparative nonrandomized interventional pilot study was performed on patients with horizontal comitant strabismus. Fifty-four patients (27 in each group) were allocated into 2 groups to undergo either adjustable suture (AS) recession or non-AS (NAS) recession along with conventional resection. The patients were followed up for 6 months. A successful outcome was defined as deviation ±10 prism diopters at 6 months. The results were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Student's t-test. Results: A successful outcome was found in 24 (88.8%) patients in AS and 17 (62.9%) in NAS group (P = 0.02). The postoperative adjustment was done in 13 (48.1%) patients in AS group. There was one complication (tenon's cyst) in AS group. Conclusion: AS recession may be considered in all cooperative patients undergoing strabismus surgery for comitant deviations.
The end of CMOS scaling: toward the introduction of new materials and structural changes to improve MOSFET performance

The rapid cadence of metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) scaling, as seen in the new 2003 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors ITRS), is accelerating introduction of new technologies to extend complementary MOS (CMOS) down to, and perhaps beyond, the 22-nm node. This acceleration simultaneously requires the industry to intensify research on two highly challenging thrusts: one is scaling CMOS into an increasingly difficult manufacturing domain well below the 90-nm node for high performance (HP), low operating power (LOP), and low standby power (LSTP) applications, and the other is an exciting opportunity to invent fundamentally new approaches to information and signal processing to sustain functional scaling beyond the domain of CMOS. This article is focused on scaling CMOS to its fundamental limits, determined by manufacturing, physics, and costs using new materials and nonclassical structures. This paper provides a brief introduction to each of the new nonclassical CMOS structures. This is followed by a presentation of one scenario for introduction of new structural changes to the MOSFET to scale CMOS to the end of the ITRS. A brief review of electrostatic scaling of a MOSFET necessary to manage short channel effects (SCEs) at the most advanced technology nodes is also provided.
Pangea: A Workbench for Statically Analyzing Multi-language Software Corpora

Software corpora facilitate reproducibility of analyses, however, static analysis for an entire corpus still requires considerable effort, often duplicated unnecessarily by multiple users. Moreover, most corpora are designed for single languages increasing the effort for cross-language analysis. To address these aspects we propose Pangea, an infrastructure allowing fast development of static analyses on multi-language corpora. Pangea uses language-independent meta-models stored as object model snapshots that can be directly loaded into memory and queryed without any parsing overhead. To reduce the effort of performing static analyses, Pangea provides out-of-the box support for: creating and refining analyses in a dedicated environment, deploying an analysis on an entire corpus, using a runner that supports parallel execution, and exporting results in various formats. In this tool demonstration we introduce Pangea and provide several usage scenarios that illustrate how it reduces the cost of analysis.
Effects of Coal Dust Contiguity on Xerophthalmia Development

Purposes: To study the occurrence of ocular surface diseases on coal miners working under wells and to investigate the relation between xerophthalmia occurrence and coal dust contiguity. Methods: To observe the influence of coal dust to ocular surface by using Schirme to detect lacrimal gland secreting function, and breakup time of tear film (BUT)to evaluate the stability of lacrimal film and the quantity of lisozyma in lacrimal fluid. Results: These values were lower for underground coal miners than other workers no contacting coal dust, and showed negative correlation to period of their services. Conclusions: Conditions in coal miners were worse than that of other workers. Coal dust exposure plays an important role in the development of dry eye.
Relevance and Information Behavior.

The author's treatment of relevance is restricted to relevance as its relates to the behavior of humans in seeking and using information rather tha it relates to the behavior of humans in seeking and using information rather in evalating retrieval systems's performance. The author views relevance as a manifestation of human information behavior and excludes work that views relevance only as a matching or computational functions of IR systems. The chapter is divides into five major sections plus an introduction and conclusion: IR Interaction model; terminology of relevance from three points of view: the system view, the information view, and thes situation view. There is an ongoing controversy about relevance, whether it be semantic or substantive. The term is frequently confused with topicality or satisfaction. As Schamber reviews the work of others she clarifies their uses of the term for the reader
Calcium Influx and Signaling in Yeast Stimulated by Intracellular Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Accumulation*

In mammalian cells, intracellular sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) can stimulate calcium release from intracellular organelles, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaeexpresses enzymes that can synthesize and degrade S1P and related molecules, but their possible role in calcium signaling has not yet been tested. Here we examine the effects of S1P accumulation on calcium signaling using a variety of yeast mutants. Treatment of yeast cells with exogenous sphingosine stimulated Ca2+accumulation through two distinct pathways. The first pathway required the Cch1p and Mid1p subunits of a Ca2+ influx channel, depended upon the function of sphingosine kinases (Lcb4p and Lcb5p), and was inhibited by the functions of S1P lyase (Dpl1p) and the S1P phosphatase (Lcb3p). The biologically inactive stereoisomer of sphingosine did not activate this Ca2+ influx pathway, suggesting that the active S1P isomer specifically stimulates a calcium-signaling mechanism in yeast. The second Ca2+influx pathway stimulated by the addition of sphingosine was not stereospecific, was not dependent on the sphingosine kinases, occurred only at higher doses of added sphingosine, and therefore was likely to be nonspecific. Mutants lacking both S1P lyase and phosphatase (dpl1 lcb3 double mutants) exhibited constitutively high Ca2+ accumulation and signaling in the absence of added sphingosine, and these effects were dependent on the sphingosine kinases. These results show that endogenous S1P-related molecules can also trigger Ca2+ accumulation and signaling. Several stimuli previously shown to evoke calcium signaling in wild-type cells were examined in lcb4 lcb5 double mutants. All of the stimuli produced calcium signals independent of sphingosine kinase activity, suggesting that phosphorylated sphingoid bases might serve as messengers of calcium signaling in yeast during an unknown cellular response.
Strand separation required for initiation of replication at the chromosomal origin of E.coli is facilitated by a distant RNA–DNA hybrid.

The Escherichia coli initiator protein, dnaA complexed with ATP, binds to the replication origin (oriC) and melts the duplex in the AT‐rich part of oriC. Opening of the duplex requires a minimum temperature and superhelix density. A low level of HU protein (5 molecules/oriC) is stimulatory, probably by facilitating DNA bending. High levels of HU protein (136 molecules/oriC) restrain the free superhelicity. Under adverse conditions for oriC melting (i.e. absence of HU, high levels of HU, low temperature or low superhelicity), transcription can activate initiation of replication by generating an R‐loop located even a large distance from oriC. The strand‐separation stage at oriC prior to the entry of the dnaB helicase was specifically stimulated. Activation by the R‐loop was blocked when a stretch of 14 GC base pairs was inserted between the loop and oriC. Thus, activation of oriC by the distantly located R‐loop appears to require propagation of DNA melting through the intervening sequence.
Please Scroll down for Article the Journal of Positive Psychology Positive Predictors of Teacher Effectiveness

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New contributions to the molecular systematics and the evolution of host-plant associations in the genus Chrysolina (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

Abstract The taxonomic circumscription of the large and diverse leaf beetle genus Chrysolina Motschulsky is not clear, and its discrimination from the closely related genus Oreina Chevrolat has classically been controversial. In addition, the subgeneric arrangement of the species is unstable, and proposals segregating Chrysolina species into new genera have been recently suggested. In this context, the availability of a phylogenetic framework would provide the basis for a stable taxonomic system, but the existing phylogenies are based on few taxa and have low resolution. In the present study we perform a phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial (cox1 and rrnL) and nuclear (H3) DNA sequences from a sample of fifty-two Chrysolina species representing almost half of the subgeneric diversity of the group (thirty out of sixty-five subgenera) and most of the morphological, ecological and karyological variation in the genus. In addition, five Oreina species from two subgenera have also been analysed. The resulting phylogeny is used to evaluate some of the most relevant taxonomic hypotheses for Chrysolina, and also to reconstruct its ancestral host plant associations in a Bayesian framework. Our findings support the paraphyly of Chrysolina as currently defined due to the inclusion of Oreina, the monophyly of the Chrysolina (plus Oreina) species including the divergent Chrysolina (Polysticta) vigintimaculata (Clark, 1864), and enable inferences of deep-level evolutionary relationships among the studied subgenera. The plant family Lamiaceae is inferred as the ancestral host of the study group, whose evolution is characterized by continuous host-shifting among pre-existing host plant families. Some Chrysolina clades include mixtures of species with different levels of diet breadth, indicating that niche width has varied through time.
A Survey on Private Information Retrieval

Alice wants to query a database but she does not want the database to learn what she is querying. She can ask for the entire database. Can she get her query answered with less communication? One model of this problem is Private Information Retrieval, henceforth PIR. We survey results obtained about the PIR model including partial answers to the following questions. (1) What if there are k non-communicating copies of the database but they are computationally unbounded? (2) What if there is only one copy of the database and it is computationally bounded?
Correction to “Volcanic aerosol layers observed with multiwavelength Raman lidar over central Europe in 2008–2009”

Citation: Mattis, I. , P. Seifert, D. Muller, M. Tesche, A. Hiebsch, T. Kanitz, J. Schmidt, F. Finger, U. Wandinger, andA. Ansmann (2010), Correction to “Volcanic aerosol layers observed with multiwavelength Raman lidar over central Europein 2008–2009,” J. Geophys. Res., 115, D00L99, doi:10.1029/2010JD014895.
Short-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil organic nitrogen availability

Long-term N fertilization affects soil organic N reserves, N mineralization potential, and crop response to applied N, but little information is available on the influence of short-term N fertilizer (STN) management on soil organic N availability and crop response. This study was conducted to determine if STN changes soil N supplying capability to corn (Zea mays L.) after 3 yr of differential N fertilization on a Fayette silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf) in Wisconsin. Various rates of N fertilizer (0-402 kg N ha -1 ) were applied to corn in 1983, 1984, and 1985, and their residual effects on corn response were evaluated in 1986. Soil profile N0 3 -N levels in spring 1986 were very low in all plots (48 ± 4 kg ha -1 [90 cm] -1 ), yet grain yields and N uptake were significantly increased by STN applications. Corn N uptake was linearly related to the total amount of N returned to soil in crop residues during the previous 3 yr. Increased organic N availability under high STN management was equivalent to a 78 kg N ha -1 rate, or 47% of the N fertilizer required for optimum crop yields. In aerobic incubations (40 wk) of spring 1986 soil (0-30 cm), STN additions increased N release only in the first few weeks. Kinetics of N mineralization were best described by a two-component model in which the active fraction (N A ) of soil organic N was highly correlated with corn N uptake (r = 0.88). Simulation of field conditions showed that 95% of NA is available before crop maturity. A phosphate-borate buffer organic N availability index was significantly and consistently related to STN treatments. Relative increases in total soil organic N corresponded with the 3-yr N balance between fertilizer additions and grain removals, and were about 10 times larger than mineralizable N. These results indicate that immobilization of excess mineral N into stable soil organic N during decomposition of crop residues should be considered in determining the environmental risk of N fertilization. Although labile organic N is a small fraction of the total fertilizer N contribution to soil N, its quantification should allow a more accurate assessment of crop N needs.