Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Integral AC Capacitor Voltage Calculation Method for Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter

This paper introduces a novel non-integral method for calculating AC capacitor voltage in shunt hybrid active power filters (SHAPFs). These filters commonly use passive power filters (PPFs) that can introduce voltage containing harmonics into the AC capacitor, leading to overvoltage situations that can be dangerous. To avoid accidents due to overvoltage, it is necessary to monitor the AC capacitor voltage continuously. The proposed method enables the calculation of the voltage across the AC capacitor, using only the sensor available in the SHAPF, without requiring additional sensors. By avoiding the use of integration to calculate the voltage, the method effectively mitigates errors due to DC offset inflows. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through simulations and actual experiments. Results demonstrate that the proposed voltage calculation method improves the voltage calculation accuracy by approximately 1.93[%] when compared to the general voltage calculation method. The proposed non-integral AC capacitor voltage calculation method represents a significant advancement for SHAPFs, providing an effective means for reducing overvoltage risks, without requiring additional sensors or costly equipment.
Teleconnection between the Low Index Phase of Southern Oscillation and Precipitation Patterns over the Southeastern United States

The purpose of this analysis is to examine the spatiotemporal extent to which the extreme phase of Southern Oscillation affects precipitation patterns over the southeastern region of the United States. Composite and harmonic analyses using monthly precipitation data were conducted based on the 2-year composite resulting in harmonic dials, which represent the spatial coherence of the candidate regions. For the candidate regions identified in the harmonic dial maps, aggregate composite and index time series of precipitation were analyzed to determine the core regions which represent the temporal consistency in relation to the low index phase of Southern Oscillation (LISO) events. As a result, the precipitation patterns of the core regions, North Region (UR), Middle Region (MR), and South Region (LR), were influenced by the occurrence of the extreme phase of SO events, with SR having the greatest response. During the LISO cycle, the harmonic dial tends to face southeast in UR, northeast in MR, and east in LR. Furthermore, the spatial coherence rates of the three core regions range from 0.94 to 0.99, and the temporal consistency rates are 0.76 to 0.83. In addition, from the cross-correlation and annual cycle analyses, the seasonal and annual effect of LISO forcing on the precipitation variability over the three core regions can be recognizable. In conclusion, Southern Oscillation phenomena have a great influence on the precipitation patterns over the southeastern region of the United States.
A New Safe-Level Enabled Borderline-SMOTE for Condition Recognition of Imbalanced Dataset

Machine learning (ML)-based classification strategy has been successfully applied in actual industrial monitoring but it is often hindered when the dataset is imbalanced. Technically, the misclassification phenomenon, as a serious performance degradation of generalization ability, often occurs in minority class. For this problem, borderline-synthetic minority oversampling technique (B-SMOTE), which aims to enrich the quantity of minority samples around decision boundaries, has received considerable attention. However, most imbalanced classification techniques under the framework of B-SMOTE generate instances by a random weight number from 0 to 1, which may result in an authentic reduction of newly born samples. Herein, a novel oversampling strategy, which aims to provide new safety criteria and reassign the threshold of weight coefficient, is proposed to boost the authenticity of generated samples and classification accuracy. In addition, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) is adopted to build the classification model. Related experiments show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in handling imbalanced classification tasks.
A Review of the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status Change and Health

Objectives: This review aimed to identify and synthesize the existing literature on the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) changes on health. Methods: A review was conducted using Medline, Cochrane library, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature). All longitudinal or cross-sectional studies that examined links between changes to SES across different time periods and measured health outcomes were included. Screening was conducted using select inclusion and exclusion criteria in order of title, abstract, and full text. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the full text articles using the Downs and Black checklist. Results: Our literature search led to 2719 peer reviewed articles, 2639 of which were title screened after duplicates were removed. A total of 117 abstracts and 12 full text articles were screened. Overall, findings from 11 articles form the basis of this review. Eight different types of measures of changes to SES were identified. These include education, occupation, economic security, income sufficiency, home ownership, car ownership, health insurance, and marital status. Assessed outcomes included measures related to physical health, cardiovascular disease, mental health, and oral health. A large proportion of studies found that an SES change impacts health. Evidence suggests that those with consistently high SES have the best health outcomes, followed by those who report their SES change from low to high (upward social mobility). Evidence on the relative health effects for those who report their SES change from high to low (downward social mobility) compared to those who report consistently low SES is inconsistent. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that an SES change has an impact on an individual’s health. More research on the effects of SES changes on health outcomes in adulthood is needed and can inform various areas of health research including health resiliency and development. Future studies should focus on individual SES indicators and their effects on health outcomes at multiple points throughout life.
Effect of Biopolymer Dip-Coating Pretreatments as a Non-Thermal Green Technology on Physicochemical Characteristics, Drying, and Rehydration Kinetics of Santa Maria Pears

This research was conducted to determine the influences of biopolymer dip-coating pretreatments as a non-thermal green technology on the drying behavior, retention of bioactive compounds, and quality properties of pears. The fresh pears were washed, peeled, and diced into cubes of 5 × 5 mm with a 2 mm thickness and were dipped into 0.3% (w/v) solutions of sodium alginate (SA), pectin (PC), xanthan gum (XG), Arabic gum (AG), and gelatin (GE) before hot air drying (70 °C, 2.0 m/s). The weight loss of samples during drying was recorded online, and the moisture ratio (MR) and drying rate were plotted against drying time. Biopolymers significantly decreased the drying time (maximum 33.33% by SA) compared with uncoated samples except for XG. Moisture diffusion coefficients were determined according to Fick’s second law of diffusion by plotting LnMR against drying time, and a linear regression analysis was applied to the data for the determination of moisture diffusion coefficients which ranged from 2.332 to 3.256 × 10−9 m2/s. The molecular transport of momentum, heat, and mass were determined from Newton’s law of viscosity, Fourier’s law, and Fick’s law, respectively. The results indicated that the friction drag force, convective heat, and mass transfer coefficients were 6.104 × 10−6 N, 76.55 W/m2·K, and 0.0636 m/s, respectively. Mathematical modeling showed the suitability of the Midilli and Kucuk and the Peleg models for the prediction of drying and rehydration processes, respectively. Thermal conductivity, specific heat, and density of coated samples ranged from 0.559–0.579 (W/m·K), 3735–3859 (J/kg·K), and 850.90–883.26 (Kg/m3), respectively. The porosity was reduced due to the penetration of biopolymers into the cellular matrix of samples. The highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity belonged to the AG samples. The biopolymers covering the surface of samples produced a protection layer against the loss of bioactive compounds. Biopolymers can be successfully used as a non-thermal green process for improving the drying and quality characteristics of pears at the industrial level.
Forward and Inverse Kinematics Solution of A 3-DOF Articulated Robotic Manipulator Using Artificial Neural Network

In this research paper, the multilayer feedforward neural network (MLFFNN) is architected and described for solving the forward and inverse kinematics of the 3-DOF articulated robot. When designing the MLFFNN network for forward kinematics, the joints' variables are used as inputs to the network, and the positions and orientations of the robot end-effector are used as outputs. In the case of inverse kinematics, the MLFFNN network is designed using only the positions of the robot end-effector as the inputs, whereas the joints’ variables are the outputs. For both cases, the training of the proposed multilayer network is accomplished by Levenberg Marquardt (LM) method. A sinusoidal type of motion using variable frequencies is commanded to the three joints of the articulated manipulator, and then the data is collected for the training, testing, and validation processes. The experimental simulation results demonstrate that the proposed artificial neural network that is inspired by biological processes is trained very effectively, as indicated by the calculated mean squared error (MSE), which is approximately equal to zero. The resulted in smallest MSE in the case of the forward kinematics is 4.592×10^(-8) in the case of the inverse kinematics, is 9.071×10^(-7). This proves that the proposed MLFFNN artificial network is highly reliable and robust in minimizing error. The proposed method is applied to a 3-DOF manipulator and could be used in more complex types of robots like 6-DOF or 7-DOF robots.
Homology of Normal Chains and Cohomology of Charges

Abstract. We consider a category of pairs of compact metric spaces and Lipschitz maps where the pairs satisfy an isoperimetric inequality related to the solvability of the Plateau problem with partially free boundary. It includes properly all pairs of compact Lipschitz neighborhood retracts of a large class of Banach spaces. On this category we define homology and cohomology functors with real coe cients which satisfy the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms, but reflect the metric properties of the underlying spaces. As an example we show that the zero-dimensional homology of a space in our category is trivial if and only if the space is path connected by arcs of finite length. The homology and cohomology of a pair are, respectively, locally convex and Banach spaces that are in duality. Ignoring the topological structures, the homology and cohomology extend to all pairs of compact metric spaces. For locally acyclic spaces, we establish a natural isomorphism between our cohomology and the Čech cohomology with real coe cients.
Determining Free-Flow Speed on Different Classes of Rural Two-Lane Highways

Current analytical free-flow speed models consider all rural two-lane highways as the same road type despite their different functional significance in the network. The aim of this paper is to develop a prediction model for free-flow speed as a function of speed limit and road geometric characteristics for different classes of rural two-lane highways. The research was conducted on 50 representative sections of the two rural classes of two-lane highways equipped with automatic traffic counters in Serbia. In order to develop the appropriate models, it was necessary to determine the threshold values of vehicle time headway in the free-flow for both classes of rural two-lane highways, based on the total number of 191,720 vehicles. The obtained results show that there are differences in the threshold values of free-flow time headway for different road classes. Namely, it was determined that the values of free-flow time headway for Class I amounted to 6.3 s, and for Class II to 8.4 s. The free-flow speed prediction model for different road classes showed that speed limit had the highest impact on free-flow speed for Class I and II highways, followed by horizontal curve radius and shoulder width.
Validation of Various Filters and Sampling Parameters for a COP Analysis

The center of pressure (CoP) is one of the most utilized quantitative measurements describing postural competency. Due to the complexity and biological variability of postural regulatory systems, a myriad of different methods and parameters have been established describing the CoP trajectory. Besides procedural variables, such as foot position, visual condition, and sampling duration, the method of data collection itself has a relevant effect on the result of the measurement. Furthermore, different methods for recording the measured data have been developed, which differ regarding the filters, frequencies, and test durations used. The goal of this study was the methodical comparison of various filters, measurement frequencies, and measurement duration, with respect to their effects on the CoP trajectory. Based on the results presented, we demonstrate that the Butterworth and Bessel filters can be recommended for analysis of CoP data, and at the very least, a second-order filter should be chosen for the process. For assessment of the cutoff frequency, a technical pendulum was used to show that a cutoff frequency of 13 Hz provided reliable data and it can be inferred that a 100 Hz sampling rate would be the minimum requirement.
4.4-μm Raman laser based on hollow-core silica fibre

A Raman laser with a wavelength exceeding 4 μm is designed for the first time. Using a revolver silica fibre with a hollow core filled with molecular hydrogen (1H2) as an active medium, we have obtained SRS lasing at a wavelength of 4.4 μm under pumping by a pulsed erbium fibre laser (λ = 1.56 μm, τ = 2 ns). The SRS conversion quantum efficiency reaches 15 %, and the maximum output peak power at a wavelength of 4.4 μm is 0.6 kW.
The impact of digital platforms enhancement on global virtual teams’ engagement across selected business schools

This research explores the effect of the utilization and improvement of digital platforms in teaching and learning, through a global virtual project that involves business schools from five nations. The study concentrates on how technology used in the education process at various business schools has impacted the engagement of undergraduate and graduate students in the post-COVID period. Additionally, the paper examines how global virtual student teams have boosted their motivation in their academic pursuits. The study is based on a blended learning international collaboration project involving 114 students participating in global virtual collaboration through various digital platforms in International Management and International Business classes. The results demonstrate that through computer-supported collaborative learning, students from all participating business schools were highly committed and motivated in carrying out their assignments. The paper demonstrates that the integration and use of digital platforms in both face-to-face and online classes in International Business and International Management within this virtual collaboration has offered students new knowledge and sustained their motivation throughout the project.
The dependence of divertor power sharing on magnetic flux balance in near double-null configurations on Alcator C-Mod

Management of power exhaust will be a crucial task for tokamak fusion reactors. Reactor concepts are often proposed with double-null divertors, i.e. having two magnetic separatrices in an up-down symmetric configuration. This arrangement is potentially advantageous since the majority of the tokamak exhaust power tends to flow to the outer pair of divertor legs at large major radius, where the geometry is favorable for spreading the heat over a large surface area and there is more room for advanced divertor configurations. Despite the importance, there have been relatively few studies of divertor power sharing in near double null configurations and no studies at the poloidal magnetic fields and scrape-off layer power widths anticipated for a reactor. Motivated by this need we have undertaken a systematic study on Alcator C-Mod, examining the effect of magnetic flux balance on the power sharing among the four divertor legs in near double-null plasmas. Ohmic L-modes at three values of plasma current and ICRF-heated enhanced D-alpha (EDA) H-modes and I-modes at a single value of plasma current are explored, producing poloidal magnetic fields of 0.42, 0.62 and 0.85 Tesla. For Ohmic L-modes and ICRF-heated EDA H-modes, we find that the point of equal power sharing between upper and lower divertors occurs remarkably close to a balanced double null. Power sharing amongst the outer (upper versus lower) and inner (upper versus lower) pairs of divertors can be described in terms of a logistic function of magnetic flux balance, consistent with heat flux mapping along magnetic field lines to the outer midplane. Power sharing between inner and outer legs is found to follow a Gaussian-like function of magnetic flux balance with non-zero power to the inner divertors at double null. The overall behavior of H-modes operated near double null and for I-modes operating to within one heat flux e-folding of double null are found similar to Ohmic L-modes, with a significant reduction of power on the inner divertor legs. The results are encapsulated in terms of empirically-informed analytic functions of magnetic flux balance. When combined with magnetic equilibrium control system specifications, these relationships can be used to specify the power flux handling requirements for each of the four divertor target plates.
Theracurmin Modulates Cardiac Inflammation in Experimental Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Theracurmin is a nanoparticle formulation derived from curcumin, a bioactive compound known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, triggers an intense inflammatory response in mammals and also causes severe tissue damage. To evaluate the immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of Theracurmin, Swiss mice were experimentally infected with 103 trypomastigote forms of the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and submitted to daily therapy with 30 mg/kg of Theracurmin. In addition, daily benznidazole therapy (100 mg/kg) was performed as a positive control. We evaluated the systemic and tissue parasitism, the survival and the body mass rate, the release of inflammatory mediators (TNF, IL-6, IL-15, CCL2 and creatine kinase) and the tissue inflammation at day 30 post-infection. Theracurmin therapy reduced the parasitemia curve without altering the animals’ survival rate, and it protected mice from losing body mass. Theracurmin also reduced CCL2 in cardiac tissue, IL-15 in cardiac and skeletal tissue, and plasma CK. Even without effects on TNF and IL-6 production and tissue amastigote nests, Theracurmin reduced the leukocyte infiltrate in both evaluated tissues, even in the case of more effective results observed to the benznidazole treatment. Our data suggest Theracurmin has an immunomodulatory (CCL2, IL-15, CK and tissue leukocyte infiltration) and a trypanocidal effect (on circulating parasites) during experimental infection triggered by the Colombian strain of T. cruzi. Further investigations are necessary to comprehend the Theracurmin role performed in combination with benznidazole or other potential anti-T. cruzi chemical compounds.
Transition to turbulence in the rotating disk boundary layer of a rotor–stator cavity

The transition to turbulence in the rotating disk boundary layer is investigated in a closed cylindrical rotor–stator cavity via direct numerical simulation (DNS) and linear stability analysis (LSA). The mean flow in the rotor boundary layer is qualitatively similar to the von Kármán self-similarity solution. The mean velocity profiles, however, slightly depart from theory as the rotor edge is approached. Shear and centrifugal effects lead to a locally more unstable mean flow than the self-similarity solution, which acts as a strong source of perturbations. Fluctuations start rising there, as the Reynolds number is increased, eventually leading to an edge-driven global mode, characterized by spiral arms rotating counter-clockwise with respect to the rotor. At larger Reynolds numbers, fluctuations form a steep front, no longer driven by the edge, and followed downstream by a saturated spiral wave, eventually leading to incipient turbulence. Numerical results show that this front results from the superposition of several elephant front-forming global modes, corresponding to unstable azimuthal wavenumbers $m$ , in the range $m\in [32,78]$ . The spatial growth along the radial direction of the energy of these fluctuations is quantitatively similar to that observed experimentally. This superposition of elephant modes could thus provide an explanation for the discrepancy observed in the single disk configuration, between the corresponding spatial growth rates values measured by experiments on the one hand, and predicted by LSA and DNS performed in an azimuthal sector, on the other hand.
Derivation Schemes from OCL Expressions to B

In the continuity of our research on integration of UML and B, we address in this paper the transformation from OCL (Object Constraint Language), which is part and parcel of UML, into B. Our derivation schemes allow to automatically derive in B not only the complementary class invariants, the guard conditions in state-charts (in OCL) but also OCL specifications OCL class operations, events or use cases.
Optimization of Winter Irrigation under Freeze–Thaw Conditions: A Case Study of the Yellow River Delta, China

Optimal winter irrigation may be an alternative method for controlling soil salinization under seasonal freezing and thawing conditions in the Yellow River Delta. However, few studies have focused on optimal winter irrigation based on the dynamics of soil water, heat, and salt during the freezing–thawing period in this region. Taking the seedling stage of winter wheat in the Yellow River Delta as the research object and using observation data of hydrothermal salt from the Shandong agricultural high-tech demonstration base from 17 October 2019 to 15 June 2021, a numerical simulation of the hydrothermal coupling process of freeze–thaw soil in the experimental area was carried out through the Simultaneous Heat and Water Model (SHAW). The simulation results of the model were evaluated according to the mean error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), and Nash efficiency coefficient (NSE). The results showed that the SHAW can well simulate the soil moisture (SM), soil temperature, and soil salt during the growth of winter wheat in this region: the SM at the depth of 0–80 cm with an ME < 0.038 cm3 cm−3, RMSE < 0.064 cm3 cm−3, and NSE > 0.669; the soil temperature with an ME < 1.311 °C, RMSE < 1.493 °C, and NSE > 0.738; and the soil salinity with an ME < 0.005 g kg−1, RMSE < 0.014 g kg−1, and NSE > 0.607. Moreover, the model was used to simulate the distribution of soil water and salt in the winter wheat seedling stage under different winter irrigation methods during wet, normal, and dry years. It was suggested that the appropriate winter irrigation amount was 80 mm in wet years and normal years and 100 mm in dry years, which could be beneficial to winter wheat growth during the seedling stage. These results provide a reference for irrigation optimization in the Yellow River Delta and other similar areas.