Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Wordnets in Cross-language Information Retrieval: the ITEM Search Engine

This paper presents the ITEM multilingual search engine. This search engine performs full lexical processing (morphological analysis, tagging and Word Sense Disambiguation) on documents and queries in order to provide language-neutral indexes for querying and retrieval. The indexing terms are the EuroWordNet/ITEM InterLingual Index records that link wordnets in 10 languages of the European Community (the search engine currently supports Spanish, English and Catalan). The goal of this application is to provide a way of comparing in context the behavior of different Natural Language Processing strategies for Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and, in particular, different Word Sense Disambiguation strategies for query translation and conceptual indexing.
Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association.

For more than 50 million American women, and millions of women in other countries who are over the age of 50 years, the decision whether or not to use estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for chronic disease prevention is often a difficult one. Established benefits of treatment for menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis must be weighed against documented risks of therapy, including venous thromboembolic events (VTE), gallbladder disease, and a possible increased risk of breast cancer. Unopposed ERT is also associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women with a uterus. Therefore, it is typically combined with a progestin and is referred to as hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The impact of ERT/HRT on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of great public health importance, because CVD is the leading cause of death and a major contributor to disability in women.1 The purpose of this advisory is to summarize the currently available data concerning potential CVD benefits and risks associated with ERT/HRT and to provide updated clinical recommendations regarding its use in the secondary and primary prevention of CVD. Mendelsohn and Karas2 recently reviewed the physiological effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. Briefly, cardiovascular cells, as well as reproductive tissues, bone, liver, and brain, express both of the known estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and estrogen receptor-β (ER-β). These receptors are important targets for endogenous estrogen, ERT, and pharmacological estrogen agonists. Estrogen–estrogen receptor complexes serve as transcription factors that promote gene expression with a wide range of vascular effects, including regulation of vasomotor tone and response to injury, that may be protective against development of atherosclerosis and ischemic diseases. Estrogen receptors in other tissues, such as the liver, may mediate both beneficial effects (eg, changes in apoprotein gene expression that improve lipid profiles) and adverse effects (eg, increases …
Memory and depression in Parkinson's disease

Disorders of learning and memory are a frequent finding in nondemented Parkinson disease (PD) patients. It is not clear to what extent depression, present in at least half the cases of PD, contributes to these disorders. This paper investigates the possible influence of depression on tests of episodic memory in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We studied three groups of 11 subjects each (controls, non‐depressed PD, mildly to moderately depressed PD). Neuropsychological tests included tests of short and long‐term memory in verbal and non‐verbal modalities. The two groups of PD patients performed significantly worse than controls on the memory tests, but there were no differences between the depressed and non‐depressed PD patients. This lack of influence of depression on neuropsychological performance is compatible with Starkstein's view that cognitive imnpairment is only found beyond a given threshold of depression severity.
The expected child versus the actual child: implications for the mother–baby bond

The aim of this study was to examine whether women's perceptions of their infant remain stable between late pregnancy and the early postnatal period, and to examine the effect of women's expectations and evaluations of their infant on the mother–baby bond. Participants completed questionnaires at 39 weeks gestation and 3 weeks after birth. Questionnaires measured demographic details, expected/actual infant characteristics, symptoms of anxiety and depression and the mother–baby bond (postpartum only). It was found that there was a significant difference between expectations and evaluations, with infants being perceived as less fussy, more adaptable and dull than they were expected to be. Both expectations of the baby and evaluation of the baby had a significant effect on the mother–baby bond. Women who expected their infant to have a more difficult temperament and then evaluated them, similarly reported a poorer mother–baby bond postpartum. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in pregnancy were unrelated to expectations of the baby, or to the postnatal mother–baby bond. The effects of parity and postnatal anxiety and depression were also examined. The results are discussed, suggesting that a subgroup of women who have negative perceptions of their infant before and after birth may be at risk of mother–infant attachment problems and long‐term mother–infant difficulties.
One size doesn't fit all: On the co-evolution of national evaluation systems and social science publishing

n recent decades governments have sought greater accountability from those who receive public money. In this environment, universities have faced changing funding regimes with the introduction of national systems of funding conditional on evaluation of research output, or performance based research funding systems.1 Universities in many countries now face periodic measurement and comparison of their research output. They participate in a single national system used to evaluate research across all types of universities and all fields. Such systems are designed to best suit the most expensive and most powerful universities and fields. Others will need to adapt to better fit the evaluation protocol. In OECD countries, the natural sciences and engineering account for % of government research spending on higher education.2
Storing and Processing Temporal Data in a Main Memory Column Store

Managing and accessing temporal data is of increasing importance in industry. So far, most companies model the time dimension on the application layer rather than pushing down the operators to the database, which leads to a significant performance overhead. The goal of this PhD thesis is to develop a native support of temporal features for SAP HANA, which is a commercial in-memory column store database system. We investigate different alternatives to store temporal data physically and analyze the trade-offs arising from different memory layouts which cluster the data either by time or by space dimension. Taking into account the underlying physical representation, different temporal operators such as temporal aggregation, time travel and temporal join have to be executed efficiently. We present a novel data structure called Timeline Index and algorithms based on this index, which have a very competitive performance for all temporal operators beating existing best-of-breed approaches by factors, sometimes even by orders of magnitude. The results of this thesis are currently being integrated into HANA, with the goal of being shipped to the customers as a productive release within the next few months.
Language Contact and Change: Spanish in Los Angeles

Although the large Hispanic community of Los Angeles is basically a geographically stable urban community, bound by historical, social, linguistic, and cultural factors, both its boundaries and its internal structure are impermanent and undergoing constant change. In this original study of Spanish-English bilinguals in Los Angeles County, Carmen Silva-Corvalan explores in depth the linguistic, cognitive, and social processes underlying language maintenance, as well as changes characteristic of language shift and loss. She brings together analytical techniques employed in sociolinguistics, functional syntax, and discourse analysis.
Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Containing Valsartan

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), a lipid based colloidal carrier system, offer many advantages such as increase the solubility, improves the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Incorporation of liquid lipid can improve the drug loading capacity in the NLCs. Valsartan is an antihypertensive drug with low oral bioavailability ranging from 10-35% because of poor solubility and extensive first pass hepatic metabolism. The purpose of present study was to develop and characterize the valsartan loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (Val-NLCs) to enhance the solubility, bypass the hepatic first-pass metabolism, and enhance the lymphatic absorption leading to greater oral bioavailability. Valsartan loaded NLCs were prepared by melt emulsification method and optimized using a two level full factorial design. Effect of content of Capmul MCM EP on crystallinity of tristearin was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The particle size, entrapment efficiency, drug loading and zeta potential values of optimized batch were 62±0.494 nm, 86.59±0.671, 8.65±0.06 % and -17.4 mV, respectively. TEM images showed spherical particles with diameter of around 50 nm. In vitro drug release of 70% was observed at the end of 12 hrs. Ex-vivo drug release of 90% was observed in 2 hrs. Stability study indicated that the prepared Val-NLCs suspension was stable at refrigerator conditions for one month. Lyophilization produced free flowing Val-NLCs powder from suspension and was easy to reconstitute. Based on these results, it is concluded that NLCs are promising drug delivery for improving the oral bioavailability of valsartan.
The interacting effects of coping styles and situational variables in gynecologic settings: Implications for research and treatment

The present paper reviews the determinants of patients’ medical and psychological outcomes in gynecologic contexts. Traditionally, 2 main theoretical perspectives have been proposed to account for these effects: (1) the Situational approach and (2) the Trait approach. The problems and weaknesses of these approaches are documented. An alternative ‘Interactional’ model, the Person By Situation approach, is advanced and its fit to the data is examined. Results show that the interactional framework predicts particularly vulnerable populations when faced with aversive diagnostic procedures. Specifically, high monitors and low blunters (individuals who typically cope by scanning for or failing to distract from threatening cues) show greater physiologic, subjective, and behavioral distress than low monitors/high blunters (individuals who typically cope by ignoring or distracting themselves from threatening cues). Further, individuals generally fare better when the level of preparatory information they receive is.
Reshaping the Dutch Planning System: A Learning Process?

The Dutch physical planning system is at a turning point. Recently the government proposed a new institutional framework for spatial planning. At first sight, the intended changes look like an example of improvements resulting from a learning process. However, the main lines of the proposal blatantly deviate from the insights into planning, balanced decisionmaking, and ‘governance’ that have emerged during the past decade. This is illustrated and explained from three perspectives. First, the growing need for change was put forward several times by the Scientific Council for Government Policy, a think tank whose task is to advise the government from a certain intellectual distance. The development of ideas by this agency is an example of cognitive learning. Second, the example of infrastructure planning that is crucial in this cognitive development is used to illustrate this by confronting the ideas with the experiences in two major national projects. As a third line, the deviations between the empirical evidence, the analysis, and the advice to the government on the one hand, and the governmental proposal on the other, are explained in relation to the ‘advocacy coalition framework’ theory on policy-oriented learning.
Mobile EEG-based situation awareness recognition for air traffic controllers

With the growing volume and complexity of air traffic, air traffic controllers (ATCOs) encounter heavier burden nowadays. Therefore, human factors study in air traffic control (ATC) is increasingly essential, paving the way to a safer air transportation system. In this paper, we conducted an ATC experiment, where Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected throughout the experiment. Compared to traditional questionnaires and psychological tests used in human factors study, the proposed novel EEG approach provides monitoring of situation awareness (SA) in a non-invasive and non-interruptive fashion. SA was represented as the response latency in situation-present assessment method (SPAM), which was predicted from EEG signals using three machine learning algorithms. Support vector regression obtained the lowest prediction error of 1.5 seconds, which is lower than 10% of the range of actual response latency. The results show that EEG is a promising approach forward in measuring situation awareness of ATCOs in both real-time and accurate manner.
Infants at Risk for ASD Show Aberrant Preferences for Speech at Six to Nine Months

• Typically developing (TD) infants listen longer to (i.e., prefer) child-directed speech (CDS) than to adultdirected speech (ADS; See Jusczyk, 1999; Thiessen, Hill, & Saffran, 2005 for review), as do toddlers with Down Syndrome (Glenn & Cummingham, 1983). • Studies of young children with ASD show differences from TD in preference for attending to speech stimuli (Kuhl et al., 2005; Paul et al., 2007). • These preferences have been shown to be linked to language development (Paul et al., 2007; Tsao et al., 2004).
Self‐Reference in the Encoding of Creative‐Relevant Traits

Participants (N= 103) engaged in an incidental memory study in which they made one of three decisions about trait terms i e, regarding its physical nature (upper or lower case), semantic meaning (synonymity) or self-reference (i e, does the word describe you? ) In each condition, one-half of the trait terms were relevant descriptors of creative persons, chosen from the creative personality scale of Domino (1970), whereas the other traits were irrelevant as descriptors of creativity Following the rating task the participants completed a short version of the Remote Association Test (RAT), a test with predictive validity for creative activity Participants were then unexpectedly asked to recall as many of the trait terms as possible High creatives (RAT scorers) recalled more creative-relevant trait terms than did low creatives, there were no memory differences between groups for creative-irrelevant descriptors This memory difference was observed only under the conditions in which self-schemata would be activated (the self-referent condition) and was not observed under conditions in which the word's meaning (semantic) or physical appearance (case) was manipulated A second study (N= 53) replicated the self-referent effect and discounted confounds due to differences in IQ or time spent studying the trait terms These results were consistent with the hypothesis that the self-concept is aroused when persons engage in self-referent decision-making in contrast to models which downplay a special role for the “self”
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED): a review and modern bibliography

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically review the core findings from recently published place‐based crime prevention research. The paper aims to critically evaluate the available evidence on the contribution of crime prevention through environmental design as a crime prevention strategy. Design/methodology/approach – Large‐scale evaluations of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) are reviewed with a view to clarifying current knowledge on the evidence of crime prevention through environmental design. Findings – The review concludes that there is a growing body of research that supports the assertion that crime prevention through environmental design is effective in reducing both crime and fear of crime in the community. Research limitations/implications – Although the paper may not review all the evaluations of CPTED, it nonetheless provides a detailed compilation and overview of the most significant research in the area, including an extensive and modern bibliography on the subject. Research implications will be the subject of a forthcoming paper. Practical implications – CPTED is an increasingly fashionable approach and is being implemented on a global scale. Additionally, individual components such as territoriality, surveillance, maintenance, access control, activity support and target‐hardening are being widely deployed. However, the evidence currently available is inconclusive and much criticised, which effectively prevents widespread intervention and investment by central government. The paper details the difficulties associated with demonstrating the effectiveness of CPTED. Originality/value – The paper concludes that although empirical proof has not been definitively demonstrated, there is a large and growing body of research, which supports the assertion that crime prevention through environmental design is a pragmatic and effective crime prevention tool. This review provides an extensive bibliography of contemporary crime prevention through environmental design and a follow‐up paper will discuss the future research priorities for it.
Active Learning with Efficient Feature Weighting Methods for Improving Data Quality and Classification Accuracy

Many machine learning datasets are noisy with a substantial number of mislabeled instances. This noise yields sub-optimal classification performance. In this paper we study a large, low quality annotated dataset, created quickly and cheaply using Amazon Mechanical Turk to crowdsource annotations. We describe computationally cheap feature weighting techniques and a novel non-linear distribution spreading algorithm that can be used to iteratively and interactively correcting mislabeled instances to significantly improve annotation quality at low cost. Eight different emotion extraction experiments on Twitter data demonstrate that our approach is just as effective as more computationally expensive techniques. Our techniques save a considerable amount of time.
Rectus Femoris Transfer in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Evaluation of Transfer Site and Preoperative Indicators

Background: Rectus femoris transfer (RFT) is a treatment option for children with cerebral palsy (CP) who exhibit a stiff-knee gait pattern. The rectus femoris muscle is transferred to different sites to overcome problems such as tripping and falling. Indications for RFT often include preoperative decreased knee range of motion (KROM) during swing phase, reduced peak knee flexion in swing (PKFSW), abnormal rectus femoris firing patterns on electromyography recordings, and a positive Duncan-Ely test. This study investigated the effect of different RFT sites on kinematic outcome variables and evaluated the relationship between commonly used preoperative surgical indicators and postoperative changes in kinematics. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with CP, who underwent RFT, with preoperative and postoperative instrumented gait analyses, were evaluated and divided by transfer site: semitendinosus, sartorius, and gracilis. Preoperative and postoperative comparisons were made for 5 knee kinematic variables: range of motion (KROM), peak flexion at loading response, peak extension at terminal stance, PKFSW, and peak extension at terminal swing. Analysis was performed in accordance to different transfer sites and overall postoperative change. Results: When all limbs were analyzed together for the 5 outcome variables, it was found that patients experienced significant (P < 0.05) improvements in sagittal-plane kinematics in 3 of the outcome variables: KROM, PKFSW, and peak extension at terminal swing. Patients had a significant improvement in postoperative KROM when the preoperative KROM was less than 80% of normal. Electromyography pattern and Duncan-Ely test were not found to be useful indicators of surgical success. Conclusion: The authors recommend RFT in children with CP who exhibit a stiff-knee gait, regardless of transfer site. Level of Evidence: Level 3.
On the Relation Between Conservatism in Accounting Standards and Incentives for Earnings Management

This paper studies the role of conservative accounting standards in alleviating rational yet dysfunctional unobservable earnings manipulation. We show that when accounting numbers serve both the valuation role (in which potential investors use accounting reports to assess a firm's expected future payoff) and the stewardship role (in which current shareholders rely on the same reports to monitor their risk-averse manager), current firm owners have incentives to engage in earnings management. Such manipulation reduces accounting numbers' stewardship value and leads to inferior risk sharing. We then show that risk sharing, and hence contract efficiency, can be improved under a conservative accounting standard where, absent earnings management, accounting earnings represent true economic earnings with a downward bias, compared with under an unbiased standard where, absent earnings management, accounting earnings represent true economic earnings without bias.
How not to construct an asymptotically de Sitter universe

Observational evidence suggests that our universe is currently evolving towards an asymptotically de Sitter future. Unfortunately and in spite of much recent attention, various quantum, holographic and cosmological aspects of de Sitter space remain quite enigmatic. With such intrigue in mind, this paper considers the 'construction' of a toy model that describes an asymptotically de Sitter universe. More specifically, we add fluid-like matter to an otherwise purely de Sitter spacetime, formulate the relevant solutions and then discuss the cosmological and holographic implications. If the objective is to construct an asymptotically de Sitter universe that is free of singularities and has a straightforward holographic interpretation, then the results of this analysis are decidedly negative. Nonetheless, this toy model nicely illustrates the pitfalls that might be encountered in a more realistic type of construction.