Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genus Campylobacter.

Some members of the genus Campylobacter are pathogens for man and animals while others are considered nonpathogenic. Campylobacter fetus causes abortion and reproductive disease in cattle and sheep. In man, C. fetus is associated with many conditions, such as septicemia, septic arthritis, meningoencephalitis, meninigitis, abortion, endocarditis, thrombophlebitis, and acute enteritis (Blasius,Ullman,andAchinger, 1970; Bokkenheuser, 1970; Burgert and Hagstrom, 1964; DeKeyser et al., 1972; Eden, 1962; Hood and Todd, 1960; Kilo, Hageman, and Marzi, 1965; Lee et al., 1970; Reyman and Silberberg, 1969; Roberts, Grist, and Giroud, 1967).
Tricuspid regurgitation in the diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies in the fetus at 11–14 weeks of gestation

Objective: To analyse patient data to elucidate the apparent association between an abnormal karyotype and tricuspid regurgitation found during fetal echocardiography at early gestations. Setting: Tertiary referral centre for fetal medicine and cardiology. Methods: Fetuses between 11 and 14 weeks’ gestation were selected for detailed echocardiography. Referral reasons were increased nuchal translucency, a suspected cardiac or extracardiac malformation, and a family history of cardiac malformation. Intervention: The fetus was imaged transabdominally. The four chamber view, outflow tracts, arterial duct, and aortic arch were assessed on cross sectional imaging and colour flow mapping. Pulsed Doppler of the atrioventricular valves was recorded if possible. Subsequently, the fetal karyotype was ascertained by chorionic villous sampling. Results: Pulsed Doppler recording of the tricuspid valve was obtained for 262 fetuses. Tricuspid regurgitation was present in 70 (27%) of these, of whom 58 (83%) proved to have karyotype anomalies. In contrast, 68 (35%) of those without tricuspid regurgitation were found to have karyotype anomalies (95% confidence interval 36% to 59%, p < 0.001). Structural heart defects were detected in 34 of the 58 (59%) with tricuspid regurgitation and in 22 (32%) of those without. The chromosome defect most frequently found to be associated with tricuspid regurgitation was trisomy 21, but all types of karyotypic anomalies were seen in association. Conclusion: A careful search for tricuspid regurgitation is an important aspect of the evaluation of the early fetus, as this is frequently a marker for chromosomal defects even in the absence of structural heart disease.
Computationally intensive and noisy tasks: co-evolutionary learning and temporal difference learning on Backgammon

The most difficult but realistic learning tasks are both noisy and computationally intensive. This paper investigates how, for a given solution representation, co-evolutionary learning can achieve the highest ability from the least computation time. Using a population of Backgammon strategies, this paper examines ways to make computational costs reasonable. With the same simple architecture Gerald Tasauro used for temporal difference learning to create the Backgammon strategy "Pubeval", co-evolutionary learning here creates a better player.
Condoms for Dual Protection: Patterns of Use with Highly Effective Contraceptive Methods

Objectives. U.S. women experience high rates of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yet they seldom combine condoms with highly effective contraceptives for optimal protection. Because oral contraceptives (OCs) have been the predominant form of highly effective contraception in the U.S., it is unknown whether condom use is similarly low with increasingly promoted user-independent methods. Methods. We used weighted data from the National Survey of Family Growth to assess condom use odds among women relying on OCs vs. user-independent methods (i.e., injectibles, intrauterine devices, and implants). We also estimated the expected reduction in unplanned pregnancies and abortions if half or all of the women currently using a single highly effective method also used condoms. Results. Across every demographic subgroup based on age, partner status, race/ethnicity, household income, and education, condom use prevalence was lower for women relying on user-independent methods vs. OCs. Multivariable models for adult women also revealed a significant reduction within most demographic subgroups in the odds of condom use among women relying on user-independent methods vs. OCs. Population estimates suggested that if half of all women using highly effective methods alone also used condoms, approximately 40% of unplanned pregnancies and abortions among these women could be prevented, for an annual reduction of 393,000 unplanned pregnancies and nearly 76,000 abortions. If all highly effective method users also used condoms, approximately 80% of unplanned pregnancies and abortions among these women could be prevented, for an annual reduction of 786,000 unplanned pregnancies and nearly 152,000 abortions. Conclusions. Adding condoms to other methods should be considered seriously as the first line of defense against unplanned pregnancy and STIs. This analysis can serve to target interventions where dual-method promotion is needed most.
A Broadcast News Corpus for Evaluation and Tuning of German LVCSR Systems

Transcription of broadcast news is an interesting and challenging application for large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR). We present in detail the structure of a manually segmented and annotated corpus including over 160 hours of German broadcast news, and propose it as an evaluation framework of LVCSR systems. We show our own experimental results on the corpus, achieved with a state-of-the-art LVCSR decoder, measuring the effect of different feature sets and decoding parameters, and thereby demonstrate that real-time decoding of our test set is feasible on a desktop PC at 9.2% word error rate.
Clinical relevance of Fas expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Aims: To determine the extent of Fas expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) from Chinese patients and to correlate Fas expression with clinicopathological prognostic parameters. Methods: Clinicopathological data were collected from 58 patients with ESCC who underwent oesophagectomy and had no prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Immunostaining was performed on the primary tumours. Expression of Fas was correlated with patients’ demographics, tumour characteristics and stage, R category of surgery, and patients’ survival. Results: The actuarial survival rates of all patients at two and five years after surgery were 48% and 14%, respectively. Fas expression was detected in 89.7% of ESCCs. Higher Fas expression recorded on a four point scale correlated with better tumour differentiation (p < 0.01), but not with other patient or tumour variables. Importantly, higher Fas expression was associated with better survival (p = 0.0317). Conclusions: These findings suggest that Fas activated apoptosis is important in the pathogenesis of ESCC. This molecular pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
Vision based traffic conflict analysis

In this paper a vision based system for traffic conflict analysis is presented. The system employs geo-referenced stereo sequences and tracking procedure to provide much greater information regarding pre-crash and crash events than what is currently available. The exploitation of the traffic conflict technique potentiality as a surrogate safety measure could constitute an effective tool in understanding how the driver interacts and adapts its behavior with respect to the vehicle, the road characteristics, the traffic control devices and the environment. Experiments performed on real data acquired in urban context confirm the effectiveness of the system for the traffic conflicts measurement and the driver behavior analysis.
Gravitational waves from first-order cosmological phase transitions.

A first-order cosmological phase transition that proceeds through the nucleation and collision of true-vacuum bubbles is a potent source of gravitational radiation. Possibilities for such include first-order inflation, grand-unified-theory-symmetry breaking, and electroweak-symmetry breaking. We have calculated gravity-wave production from the collision of two scalar-field vacuum bubbles, and, using an approximation based upon these results, from the collision of 20 to 30 vacuum bubbles. We present estimates of the relic background of gravitational waves produced by a first-order phase transition; in general, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{\mathrm{GW}}$\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}9}$ and f\ensuremath{\sim}(${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ Hz) (T/1 GeV).
Identification of low Ca(2+) stress-induced embryo apoptosis response genes in Arachis hypogaea by SSH-associated library lift (SSHaLL).

Calcium is a universal signal in the regulation of wide aspects in biology, but few are known about the function of calcium in the control of early embryo development. Ca(2+) deficiency in soil induces early embryo abortion in peanut, producing empty pods, which is a general problem; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, embryo abortion was characterized to be caused by apoptosis marked with cell wall degradation. Using a method of SSH cDNA libraries associated with library lift (SSHaLL), 62 differentially expressed genes were isolated from young peanut embryos. These genes were classified to be stress responses, catabolic process, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, embryo morphogenesis, regulation, etc. The cell retardation with cell wall degradation was caused by up-regulated cell wall hydrolases and down-regulated cellular synthases genes. HsfA4a, which was characterized to be important to embryo development, was significantly down-regulated under Ca(2+) -deficient conditions from 15 days after pegging (DAP) to 30 DAP. Two AhCYP707A4 genes, encoding abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylases, key enzymes for ABA catabolism, were up-regulated by 21-fold under Ca(2+) -deficient conditions upstream of HsfA4a, reducing the ABA level in early embryos. Over-expression of AhCYP707A4 in Nicotiana benthamiana showed a phenotype of low ABA content with high numbers of aborted embryos, small pods and less seeds, which confirms that AhCYP707A4 is a key player in regulation of Ca(2+) deficiency-induced embryo abortion via ABA-mediated apoptosis. The results elucidated the mechanism of low Ca(2+) -induced embryo abortion and described the method for other fields of study.
Gas exchange during exercise in different evolutional stages of chronic Chagas' heart disease.

OBJECTIVE To compare gas exchange at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic Chagas' heart disease grouped according to the Los Andes clinical hemodynamic classification. METHODS We studied 15 healthy volunteers and 52 patients grouped according to the Los Andes clinical and hemodynamic classification as follows: 17 patients in group IA (normal electrocardiogram and echocardiogram), 9 patients in group IB (normal electrocardiogram and abnormal echocardiogram), 14 patients in group II (abnormal electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, without congestive heart failure), and 12 patients in group III (abnormal electrocardiogram and echocardiogram with congestive heart failure). The following variables were analyzed: oxygen consumption (V O2), carbon dioxide production (V CO2), gas exchange rate (R), inspiratory current volume (V IC), expiratory current volume (V EC), respiratory frequency, minute volume (V E), heart rate (HR), maximum load, O2 pulse, and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (AT). RESULTS When compared with the healthy group, patients in groups II and III showed significant changes in the following variables: V O2 peak, V CO2 peak, V IC peak, V EC peak, E, HR, and maximum load. Group IA showed significantly better results for these same variables as compared with group III. CONCLUSION The functional capacity of patients in the initial phase of chronic Chagas' heart disease is higher than that of patients in an advanced phase and shows a decrease that follows the loss in cardiac-hemodynamic performance.
Local structure around Ge in lithium germanate glasses analyzed by AXS and EXAFS techniques

The local structure around Ge in xLi2O–(1 − x)GeO2 (x = 0, 0.17, 0.20, 0.24) glasses was investigated using AXS and EXAFS measurements. The averaged coordination number of the first nearest Ge–O pair increased with increasing Li2O content up to 24 mol% and the amount of six–coordinated Ge was proportional to Li2O content. The introduction of a GeO6 unit is suggested to be one of the most fundamental structural changes accompanying the so–called germanate anomaly detected in density measurements of alkali–germanate glasses.
Precambrian Paleomagnetism: Magnetizations Reset by the Grenville Orogeny

Paleomagnetic results from iron-rich metasediments folded during the Grenville orogeny (-1000 million years ago) indicate that stable remanence was acquired after folding as the rock cooledfrom above 615°C through 5500C. As well as imparting a new remanence, the thermal event destroyed any preexisting magnetizations. In a proposed model, virtually all Grenville paleomagnetic poles have been reset and can provide no evidence ofplate tectonic processes before 1000 million years ago. The polar sequence suggested by potassium-argon age trends within the Grenville province does, however, indicate rapid drift ofNorth A merica between 1000 and 900 million years ago. is the surviving fraction of the original NRM, if any, necessarily primary. It may itself be a magnetization reset in a prior orogenic event. In view of these complexities, understanding of the nature of the NRM is all-important in deciding whether the appropriate age of magnetization is one reset at low temperature (KAr), one reset at high temperature (Rb-Sr), or the crystallization age (whole-rock Rb-
Continuous Droplet Removal upon Dropwise Condensation of Humid Air on a Hydrophobic Micropatterned Surface

Combination of two physical phenomena, capillary pressure gradient and wettability gradient, allows a simple two-step fabrication process that yields a reliable hydrophobic self-cleaning condenser surface. The surface is fabricated with specific microscopic topography and further treatment with a chemically inert low-surface-energy material. This process does not require growth of nanofeatures (nanotubes) or hydrophilic–hydrophobic patterning of the surface. Trapezoidal geometry of the microfeatures facilitates droplet transfer from the Wenzel to the Cassie state and reduces droplet critical diameter. The geometry of the micropatterns enhances local coalescence and directional movement for droplets with diameter much smaller than the radial length of the micropatterns. The hydrophobic self-cleaning micropatterned condenser surface prevents liquid film formation and promotes continuous dropwise condensation cycle. Upon dropwise condensation, droplets follow a designed wettability gradient created with micropatterns from the most hydrophobic to the least hydrophobic end of the surface. The surface has higher condensation efficiency, due to its directional self-cleaning property, than a plain hydrophobic surface. We explain the self-actuated droplet collection mechanism on the condenser surface and demonstrate experimentally the creation of an effective wettability gradient over a 6 mm radial distance. In spite of its fabrication simplicity, the fabricated surface demonstrates self-cleaning property, enhanced condensation performance, and reliability over time. Our work enables creation of a hydrophobic condenser surface with the directional self-cleaning property that can be used for collection of biological (chemical, environmental) aerosol samples or for condensation enhancement.
Climate characteristics of ozone over Tibetan Plateau

[1] By objectively analyzing the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer data during the period from November 1978 to March 2000 a persistent low of total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TOL) is confirmed, with the maximum intensity occurring in May and the minimum intensity occurring in January. Among others, two main reasons for the generation of the TOL are that the plateau is a high geographic surface and it is an elevated heat source associated with thermally forced circulations. The latter seems to play a more important role than the former. The annual oscillations of the TCO over the plateau are closely in phase with but considerably weaker than the plateau's corresponding zonal mean. The interannual trend of the TCO over the plateau is similar to the global mean and very similar to its corresponding zonal mean. These analyses suggest that although a significant and permanent TOL exists, the TCO over the plateau does not show an anomalous behavior with respect to annual and interannual trends.
Continuous Recognition of Daily Activities from Multiple Heterogeneous Sensors

Recognition of daily activities is the key to providing contextaware services in an intelligent home. This research explores the problem of activity recognition, given diverse data from multiple heterogeneous sensors and without prior knowledge about the start and end of each activity. This paper presents our approaching to continuous recognition of daily activities as a sequence labeling problem. To evaluate the capability of activity models in handling heterogeneous sensors, we compare several state-of-the-art sequence labeling algorithms including hidden Markov model (HMM), linear-chain conditional random field (LCRF) and SVM hmm . The experimental results show that the two discriminative models, LCRF and SVM hmm , significantly outperform HMM. In particular, SVM hmm shows robustness in dealing with all sensors we used, and its recognition accuracy can be further improved by incorporating carefully designed overlapping features.
Model assessment of regional surface temperature trends (1949–1997)

Analyses are conducted to assess whether simulated trends in SST and land surface air temperature from two versions of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model are consistent with the geographical distribution of observed trends over the period 1949–1997. The simulated trends are derived from model experiments with both constant and time-varying radiative forcing. The models analyzed are low-resolution (R 15, ∼4°) and medium-resolution (R30, ∼2°) versions of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) coupled climate model. Internal climate variability is estimated from long control integrations of the models with no change of external forcing. The radiatively forced trends are based on ensembles of integrations using estimated past concentrations of greenhouse gases and direct effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols (G+S). For the regional assessment, the observed trends at each grid point with adequate temporal coverage during 1949–1997 are first compared with the R15 and R30 model unforced internal variability. Nearly 50% of the analyzed areas have observed warming trends exceeding the 95th percentile of trends from the control simulations. These results suggest that regional warming trends over much of the globe during 1949–1997 are very unlikely to have occurred due to internal climate variability alone and suggest a role for a sustained positive thermal forcing such as increasing greenhouse gases. The observed trends are then compared with the trend distributions obtained by combining the ensemble mean G+S forced trends with the internal variability “trend” distributions from the control runs. Better agreement is found between the ensemble mean G+S trends and the observed trends than between the model internal variability alone and the observed trends. However, the G+S trends are still significantly different from the observed trends over about 30% of the areas analyzed. Reasons for these regional inconsistencies between the simulated and the observed trends include possible deficiencies in (1) specified radiative forcings, (2) simulated responses to specified radiative forcings, (3) simulation of internal climate variability, or (4) observed temperature records.
Realizing ternary quantum switching networks without ancilla bits

This paper investigates the synthesis of quantum networks built to realize ternary switching circuits in the absence of ancilla bits. The results we established are twofold. The first shows that ternary Swap, ternary NOT and ternary Toffoli gates are universal for the realization of arbitrary n × n ternary quantum switching networks without ancilla bits. The second result proves that all n×n quantum ternary networks can be generated by NOT, Controlled-NOT, Multiply-Two and Toffoli gates. Our approach is constructive.
Photoemission study of SiOx (0 <= x <= 2) alloys.

Photoemission measurements of the core and valence levels and of the plasmon energies of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ (0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}2) are presented. The samples were prepared in situ as thin films by sputter deposition of Si in an Ar-${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ mixture. The Si 2p core-level spectra are analyzed in terms of five chemically shifted components corresponding to the basic Si bonding units Si-(${\mathrm{Si}}_{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{n}}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{n}}$), with n=0,1,. ,4. The concentration of these bonding units as a function of oxygen concentration is essentially in agreement with the random-bonding model. However, some separation into oxygen- and silicon-rich phases is also evident at intermediate stoichiometries. Plasmon energies increase from 17 eV (x=0) monotonously to 20.8 eV (x=2). The energies are analyzed in terms of the film density. Partial densities of oxygen- and silicon-derived valence states were obtained by using x-ray and uv excitation. A three-peak structure of mainly O 2p--derived states is observed over the whole concentration range. It is characteristic of the local bonding environment of oxygen in the form of a Si-O-Si bridge bond. The valence-band width and, in particular, the valence-band maximum (VBM) depend on the connectivity of the network structure. An abrupt shift of the VBM by 3.5 eV to greater binding energies at ${x}_{c}$=1.5 marks the disappearance of the Si-Si bonding states which define the valence-band maximum at low x. For oxygen concentration greater than ${x}_{c}$, the valence-band maximum is defined by the onset of the O 2p lone-pair states. Structures of the valence bands are discussed in the light of recent band-structure calculations. The Fermi level is seen to shift by 0.7 eV between x=0 and x=2 towards the conduction-band edge. The natural valence-band offset between a-Si and a-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ was determined to be 4.5 eV.