Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Kernighan-Lin Heuristic for Hardware/Software Partitioning

Evaluating the Kernighan-Lin Heuristic for Hardware/Software Partitioning In recent years, several heuristics have been proposed for the hardware/software partitioning problem. One of the most promising directions is the adaptation of the Kernighan-Lin algorithm. The Kernighan-Lin heuristic was originally developed for circuit partitioning, but it has been adapted to other domains as well. Moreover, numerous improvements have been suggested so that now several variants of the original algorithm exist. The aim of this paper is to systematically evaluate the possibilities of applying the Kernighan-Lin heuristic to hardware/software partitioning. It is investigated in detail which versions of the heuristic work well in this context. Since hardware/software partitioning also has several formulations, it is also discussed how the problem formulation affects the applicability of this heuristic. Furthermore, possibilities of efficient implementations of the algorithm—by using appropriate data structures—are also presented. These investigations are accompanied by numerous empirical test results.
Diffusion-Weighted MRI in Recurrent Wernicke's Encephalopathy: a Remarkable Cerebellar Lesion

We report unusual MRI findings (including those from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)) in a patient with recurrent Wernicke's encephalopathy with a remarkable cerebellar lesion. DWI showed high signal intensities in the superior portion of the cerebellar hemisphere and vermis area. After thiamine administration, clinical symptoms improved and the lesions with high signal intensities disappeared on follow-up DWI.
Differentiation of the O‐2A progenitor cell line CG‐4 into oligodendrocytes and astrocytes following transplantation into glia‐deficient areas of CNS white matter

The in vitro properties of the CG4 cell line have led to its increasing use as a cell line with which to study the behaviour of the O‐2A progenitor cell. In this study we have examined the in vivo behaviour of the CG4 cell line following transplantation into areas of adult rat spinal cord white matter which have been permanently depleted of glial cells by the combination of local X‐irradiation and direct injection of 0.1% ethidium bromide. Twenty‐one days after transplantation, both myelin‐forming oligodendrocytes and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes were identified within the lesion, indicating that the CG4 cell line has bipotential differentiation properties when introduced into a pathological environment consisting of demyelinated axons but devoid of oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. In this respect, the CG4 cell line resembles other glial progenitor cell lines that have been transplanted into similar lesions. In some areas of the lesion, remyelination was observed that was similar in extent to that achieved by growth factor‐expanded populations of O‐2A progenitor cells. The transplant origin of the cell types within the lesion was confirmed by retroviral incorporation of the lacZ marker gene, the expression of which allowed their identification by histochemistry. In conclusion, the in vivo properties of the CG4 cell line make it a highly suitable line with which to study the behaviour of O‐2A progenitors following transplantation into normal and damaged CNS. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RRAM-based 7T1R nonvolatile SRAM with 2x reduction in store energy and 94x reduction in restore energy for frequent-off instant-on applications

This study proposes a 7T1R nonvolatile SRAM (nvSRAM) to 1) reduce store energy by using a single NVM device, 2) suppress DC-short current during restore operations through the use of a pulsed-overwrite (POW) scheme, and 3) achieves high restore yield by using a differentially supplied initialization (DSI) scheme. This initialization-and-overwrite (IOW) 7T1R nvSRAM improves breakeven-time (BET) by 6+x, compared to previous nvSRAMs. We fabricated a 16Kb IOW-7T1R nvSRAM using HfOx RRAM and a 90nm process. This represents the first ever silicon verified single-NVM nvSRAM macro. Measurements obtained in test-mode confirm that the proposed nvSRAM reduces store energy by 2x and restore energy by 94x, compared to 2R-based nvSRAMs.
Modeling Envisat RA-2 Waveforms in the Coastal Zone: Case Study of Calm Water Contamination

Radar altimeters have so far had limited use in the coastal zone, the area with most societal impact. This is due to both lack of, or insufficient accuracy in the necessary corrections, and more complicated altimeter signals. This letter examines waveform data from the Envisat RA-2 as it passes regularly over Pianosa (a 10-km2 island in the northwestern Mediterranean). Forty-six repeat passes were analyzed, with most showing a reduction in signal upon passing over the island, with weak early returns corresponding to the reflections from land. Intriguingly, one third of cases showed an anomalously bright hyperbolic feature. This feature may be due to extremely calm waters in the Golfo della Botte (northern side of the island), but the cause of its intermittency is not clear. The modeling of waveforms in such a complex land/sea environment demonstrates the potential for sea surface height retrievals much closer to the coast than is achieved by routine processing. The long-term development of altimetric records in the coastal zone will not only improve the calibration of altimetric data with coastal tide gauges but also greatly enhance the study of storm surges and other coastal phenomena.
LST1 Is a SEC24 Homologue Used for Selective Export of the Plasma Membrane ATPase from the Endoplasmic Reticulum

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vesicles that carry proteins from the ER to the Golgi compartment are encapsulated by COPII coat proteins. We identified mutations in ten genes, designated LST (lethal with sec-thirteen), that were lethal in combination with the COPII mutation sec13-1. LST1 showed synthetic-lethal interactions with the complete set of COPII genes, indicating that LST1 encodes a new COPII function. LST1 codes for a protein similar in sequence to the COPII subunit Sec24p. Like Sec24p, Lst1p is a peripheral ER membrane protein that binds to the COPII subunit Sec23p. Chromosomal deletion of LST1 is not lethal, but inhibits transport of the plasma membrane proton-ATPase (Pma1p) to the cell surface, causing poor growth on media of low pH. Localization by both immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation shows that the export of Pma1p from the ER is impaired in lst1Δ mutants. Transport of other proteins from the ER was not affected by lst1Δ, nor was Pma1p transport found to be particularly sensitive to other COPII defects. Together, these findings suggest that a specialized form of the COPII coat subunit, with Lst1p in place of Sec24p, is used for the efficient packaging of Pma1p into vesicles derived from the ER.
Central fatigue and motor cortical excitability during repeated shortening and lengthening actions

A decline in voluntary muscle activation and adaptations in motor cortical excitability contribute to the progressive decline in voluntary force during sustained isometric contractions. However, the neuronal control of muscle activation differs between isometric and dynamic contractions. This study was designed to investigate voluntary activation, motor cortex excitability, and intracortical inhibition during fatiguing concentric and eccentric actions. Eight subjects performed 143 torque motor–controlled, repeated shortening and lengthening actions of the elbow flexor muscles. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied three times every 20 cycles. Magnetic evoked motor potentials (MEP), duration of the silent period (SP), and the torque increase due to TMS were analyzed. TMS resulted in a small torque increase in unfatigued actions. With repeated actions, voluntary torque dropped rapidly and the amplitude of the TMS‐induced twitches increased, especially during repeated lengthening actions. MEP area of biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles increased during repeated actions to a similar extent during lengthening and shortening fatigue. The duration of biceps and brachioradialis SP did not change with fatigue. Thus, voluntary activation became suboptimal during fatiguing dynamic actions and motor cortex excitability increased without any changes in intracortical inhibition. The apparent dissociation of voluntary activation and motor cortex excitability suggests that the central fatigue observed, especially during lengthening actions, did not result from changes in motor cortex excitability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
On Approximately Counting Colorings of Small Degree Graphs

We consider approximate counting of colorings of an n-vertex graph using rapidly mixing Markov chains. It has been shown by Jerrum and by Salas and Sokal that a simple random walk on graph colorings would mix rapidly, provided the number of colors k exceeded the maximum degree $\Delta$ of the graph by a factor of at least 2. We prove that this is not a necessary condition for rapid mixing by considering the simplest case of 5-coloring graphs of maximum degree 3. Our proof involves a computer-assisted proof technique to establish rapid mixing of a new "heat bath" Markov chain on colorings using the method of path coupling. We outline an extension to 7-colorings of triangle-free 4-regular graphs. Since rapid mixing implies approximate counting in polynomial time, we show in contrast that exact counting is unlikely to be possible (in polynomial time). We give a general proof that the problem of exactly counting the number of proper k-colorings of graphs with maximum degree $\Delta$ is $\# P$-complete whenever $k\geq 3$ and $\Delta \geq 3$.
Widening of xylem conduits in a conifer tree depends on the longer time of cell expansion downwards along the stem

The diameter of vascular conduits increases towards the stem base. It has been suggested that this profile is an efficient anatomical feature for reducing the hydraulic resistance when trees grow taller. However, the mechanism that controls the cell diameter along the plant is not fully understood. The timing of cell differentiation along the stem was investigated. Cambial activity and cell differentiation were investigated in a Picea abies tree (11.5 m in height) collecting microsamples at nine different heights (from 1 to 9 m) along the stem with a 4 d time interval. Wood sections (8–12 μm thick) were stained and observed under a light microscope with polarized light to differentiate the developing xylem cells. Cell wall lignification was detected using cresyl violet acetate. The first enlarging cells appeared almost simultaneously along the tree axis indicating that cambium activation is not height-dependent. A significant increase in the duration of the cell expansion phase was observed towards the tree base: at 9 m from the ground, xylem cells expanded for 7 d, at 6 m for 14 d, and at 3 m for 19 d. The duration of the expansion phase is positively correlated with the lumen area of the tracheids (r2=0.68, P < 0.01) at the same height. By contrast, thickness of the cell wall of the earlywood did not show any trend with height. The lumen area of the conduits down the stem appeared linearly dependent on time during which differentiating cells remained in the expansion phase. However, the inductive signal of such long-distance patterned differentiation remains to be identified.
Improved prediction of protein side-chain conformations with SCWRL 4

The side-chain conformation prediction problem is an integral component of protein structure determination, protein structure prediction, and protein design. In single-site mutants and in closely related proteins, the backbone often changes little and structure prediction can be accomplished by accurate side-chain prediction.1 In docking of ligands and other proteins, taking into account changes in side-chain conformation is often critical to accurate structure predictions of complexes.2–4 Even in methods that take account of changes in backbone conformation, one step in the process is recalculation of side-chain conformation or ‘‘repacking. ’’5 Because many backbone conformations may be sampled in model refinements, side-chain prediction must also be very fast. In protein design, as changes in the sequence are proposed by Monte Carlo steps or other algorithms, conformations of side chains need to be predicted accurately to determine whether the change is favorable or not.6–8 Most side-chain prediction methods are based on a sample space that depends on a rotamer library, which is a statistical clustering of observed side-chain conformations in known structures.9 Such rotamer libraries can be backbone-independent, lumping all side chains together regardless of the local backbone conformation,10 or backbone-dependent, such that frequencies and dihedral angles vary with the backbone dihedral angles / and w.11,12 An alternative to using statistical rotamer libraries is to use conformer libraries, which are samples of side chains from known structures, usually in the form of Cartesian coordinates, thus accounting for bond length, bond angle, and dihedral angle variability.13–16 Once a search space in the form of rotamers (and samples around rotamers in some cases) or conformers is defined, a scoring function is required to evaluate the suitability of the sampled conformations. These may include the negative logarithm of the observed rotamer library frequencies,17–20 van der Waals or hard sphere steric interactions of side chains with other side chains or the backbone, and sometimes electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and solvation terms.20–24 Many
Polyhedral Assembly Partitioning With Infinite Translations or The Importance of Being Exact

Assembly partitioning with an infinite translation is the application of an infinite translation to partition an assembled product into two complementing subsets of parts, referred to as subassemblies, each treated as a rigid body. We present an exact implementation of an efficient algorithm to obtain such a motion and subassemblies given an assembly of polyhedra in ${\BBR}^{3}$. We do not assume general position. Namely, we handle degenerate input, and produce exact results. As often occurs, motions that partition a given assembly or subassembly might be isolated in the infinite space of motions. Any perturbation of the input or of intermediate results, caused by, for example, imprecision, might result with dismissal of valid partitioning-motions. In the extreme case, where there is only a finite number of valid partitioning-motions, no motion may be found, even though such exists. The implementation is based on software components that have been developed and introduced only recently. They paved the way to a complete, efficient, and concise implementation. Additional information is available at http://acg.cs. tau.ac. il/projects/assembly-partitioning/project-page.
New Developments in Combination Chemotherapy of Anti‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drugs

Although HIV1 continues to cause major worldwide devastation, marked progress has occurred in the development of antiviral agents to attack this virus. Advances include the demonstration of zidovudine efficacy at various stages of infection (M. Fischl, et al.,l P. Volberding, et al.,'), the early evaluation of other HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors that may improve therapeutic indices over zidovudine, and the study of newer agents with novel mechanisms of antiretroviral actionL7 (TABLE 1). Several of these promising agents are undergoing clinical evaluation' (FIG. 1). Despite these advances, the frequent dose-limiting toxicity of drugs as single agents at higher as well as the reports of emergence of zidovudine-resistant HIV variants during prolonged monotherapy, lo have signaled the need for improved strategies. In this review, we will focus on one promising approach to this problem, that is, the development of combination therapy for HIV infection.
An Arabidopsis Mutant Defective in Jasmonate Response Is Allelic to the Auxin-Signaling Mutant axr1 1

A screen for Arabidopsis mutants that were insensitive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in an assay for seedling root growth yielded only alleles of previously isolated mutants jar1 andcoi1, with one exception. Mapping of the locus and morphological characterization of the new mutant suggested it might be allelic to axr1, which had not previously been reported to show resistance to MeJA. The F1 from a cross of the new mutant with axr1-3 did not show complementation, confirming that these are the same genes. The new allele is calledaxr1-24. In addition to MeJA and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), axr1-24 had decreased sensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, 6-benzylamino-purine, epi-brassinolide, and abscisic acid. Both axr1-24 and the previously characterized axr1-3 allele were shown to be susceptible to the opportunistic pathogen Pythium irregulare, a trait found in other jasmonate response mutants, including jar1-1. The double mutantjar1-1/axr1-3 was more resistant to inhibition of root growth by MeJA and was more susceptible to P. irregulare infection than either single mutant, suggesting these genes might act in independent response pathways. In contrast, resistance to IAA in the double mutant was not different fromaxr1-3. Northern-blot analysis showed that IAA induced the jasmonate-responsive lipoxygenase 2,AOS, and AtVSP gene transcripts and induction was strongly impaired in axr1-3. However, transcript induction by MeJA was only minimally affected inaxr1-3. This study demonstrates that in addition to auxin signaling, the AXR1 locus is involved in MeJA response, providing a mechanistic link between jasmonate and auxin-signaling pathways.
Food recognition and recipe analysis: integrating visual content, context and external knowledge

The central role of food in our individual and social life, combined with recent technological advances, has motivated a growing interest in applications that help to better monitor dietary habits as well as the exploration and retrieval of food-related information. We review how visual content, context and external knowledge can be integrated effectively into food-oriented applications, with special focus on recipe analysis and retrieval, food recommendation, and the restaurant context as emerging directions.
Rapidly Selecting Good Compiler Optimizations using Performance Counters

Applying the right compiler optimizations to a particular program can have a significant impact on program performance. Due to the non-linear interaction of compiler optimizations, however, determining the best setting is non-trivial. There have been several proposed techniques that search the space of compiler options to find good solutions; however such approaches can be expensive. This paper proposes a different approach using performance counters as a means of determining good compiler optimization settings. This is achieved by learning a model off-line which can then be used to determine good settings for any new program. We show that such an approach outperforms the state-of-the-art and is two orders of magnitude faster on average. Furthermore, we show that our performance counter-based approach outperforms techniques based on static code features. Using our technique we achieve a 17% improvement over the highest optimization setting of the commercial PathScale EKOPath 2.3. 1 optimizing compiler on the SPEC benchmark suite on a AMD Athlon 64 3700+ platform
PHI: A powerful new program for the analysis of anisotropic monomeric and exchange‐coupled polynuclear d‐ and f‐block complexes

A new program, PHI, with the ability to calculate the magnetic properties of large spin systems and complex orbitally degenerate systems, such as clusters of d‐block and f‐block ions, is presented. The program can intuitively fit experimental data from multiple sources, such as magnetic and spectroscopic data, simultaneously. PHI is extensively parallelized and can operate under the symmetric multiprocessing, single process multiple data, or GPU paradigms using a threaded, MPI or GPU model, respectively. For a given problem PHI is been shown to be almost 12 times faster than the well‐known program MAGPACK, limited only by available hardware. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat.

BACKGROUND Sore throat is a common side-effect of general anaesthesia and is reported by between 30% and 70% of patients after tracheal intubation. The likelihood of a sore throat varies with the type, diameter, and cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube used. If intubation is essential, it may be helpful to give drugs prophylactically to alleviate postoperative sore throat. Local anaesthetics and steroids have been used for this purpose. This review was originally published in 2009 and was updated in 2015. OBJECTIVES The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and any harm caused by topical and systemic lidocaine used prophylactically to prevent postoperative sore throat in adults undergoing general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 9), MEDLINE (January 1966 to October 2013), and EMBASE (1980 to October 2013). We also contacted manufacturers and researchers in the field. The original search was undertaken in June 2007. We reran the search in February 2015 and found four studies of interest. We will deal with those studies when we next update the review. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of topical and systemic prophylactic lidocaine therapy versus control (using air or saline) that reported on the risk and severity of postoperative sore throat as an outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information, such as the risk of any adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 studies involving 1940 participants in this updated review. Of those 1940 participants, 952 received topical or systemic lidocaine therapy and 795 were allocated to the control groups. Topical and systemic lidocaine therapy appeared to reduce the risk of postoperative sore throat (16 studies, 1774 participants, risk ratio (RR) was 0.64 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.85), the quality of the evidence was low), although when only high-quality trials were included (eight studies, 814 participants) the effect was no longer significant (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.09). Lidocaine given systemically in two studies (320 participants) did not reveal evidence of an effect (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.05 ). The severity of sore throat as measured on a visual-analogue scale (VAS) was reduced by lidocaine therapy (six trials, 611 participants, (mean difference (MD) -10.80, 95% CI -14.63 to -6.98). The adverse effects of lidocaine were not reported in these studies, though toxicity is generally rare. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In our revised systematic review, although the results of included studies show generally positive results, they should be interpreted carefully. The effect size of lidocaine appeared to be affected by study quality; drug concentration; route of administration; management of cuff pressure during anaesthesia; the included population; and the type of outcome measured.