Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Somatic mutations altering Tyr641 of EZH2 are rare in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) confined to the central nervous system [1]. Morphologically, PCNSL and extracerebral DLBCL are indistinguishable. Therefore, the question whether PCNSL differs from systemic DLBCL is still a matter of debate. However, the new WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues considers PCNSL as a distinct lymphoma entity. Based on gene expression analysis, nodal DLBCLs have been divided into germinal-center B-cell like (GCB) and activated B-cell like (ABC) DLBCL [2,3]. Both groups have been shown to be associated with different patterns of chromosomal alterations and molecular changes such as DNA amplifications, translocations, and deletions [4,5]. Applying the gene expression classifiers for systemic DLBCL to PCNSL, we and others have shown that PCNSLs segregate along the whole spectrum of DLBCL, with tumors that correspond to the GCB as well as the ABC subtype [1,6]. Nevertheless, in contrast to systemic GCB DLBCL, typical genetic aberrations such as t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2 fusion are absent from PCNSL [7]. Indeed, the pattern of genetic changes of PCNSL with ongoing somatic hypermutation and activation of the nuclear factor kB (NFkB) signaling pathway resembles features of both GCB and ABC DLBCL. Recently, Morin and colleagues have identified recurrent mutations in the EZH2 gene encoding a histone methyltransferase in germinal center derived lymphomas [8]. In particular, they identified replacement of a single tyrosine in the SET domain of the EZH2 protein (Tyr641) in 21.7% of GCB DLBCL and 7.2% of follicular lymphoma (FL). Nevertheless, these changes were absent from ABC DLBCL. The EZH2 protein is a member of the Polycomb group (PcG) repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Remarkably, we have recently shown among 153 genes hypermethylated in PCNSL, as compared to hematopoietic controls, genes repressed in embryonic stem cells by the PRC2 complex were significantly enriched (relative risk [RR]1⁄4 2.55, p5 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test) [9]. Therefore, we addressed the question whether EZH2 Tyr641 mutations are present in PCNSL. Mutation analysis was performed on DNA extracted from cryoconserved stereotactic biopsies of a total of 30 PCNSL samples all containing at least 80% tumor cells. Exon 15 of EZH2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the primer pair EZH2_6812 (50-tttgtccccagtccattttc-30) and EZH2_6813 (50-tggcaattcatttccaatca-30). The amplicons were subjected to direct sequencing of both strands using the same primers. The cell lines Karpas-422 and SU-DHL-6, carrying mutations T! A effecting tyrosine to asparagine alteration at codon 641, served as controls [8]. Whereas the different types of Tyr641 mutations were readily detected in the cell lines used as controls, none of the 30 PCNSLs of our series carried this aberration. Morin et al. reported Tyr641 mutation in 31/320 primary DLBCLs, including
Investigation of Cross-resistance to a Range of Photosensitizers, Hyperthermia and UV Light in Two Radiation-induced Fibrosarcoma Cell Strains Resistant to Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro¶

Abstract Two distinct photodynamic therapy–resistant variants of the murine radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) cell line have been isolated. One strain displayed relative resistance over the parental RIF-1 strain to treatment with the porphyrin-based compound, polyhaematoporphyrin (PHP), whereas the other strain displayed relative resistance over the RIF-1 strain to treatment using the cationic zinc (II) pyridinium-substituted phthalocyanine (PPC). The PHP-resistant strain did not display crossresistance to PPC-mediated treatment, and vice versa. In both PDT-resistant strains, the increased resistance could not be attributed to altered cellular growth rate, antioxidant capacity or intracellular sensitizer localization. The PHP-resistant strain displayed resistance to treatment with both short (1 h) and extended (16 h) sensitizer incubation periods, which may indicate that in this strain, the resistance has arisen through an alteration in a membrane component. Conversely, the PPC-resistant strain only displayed increased resistance over the parental cells to treatment involving the short drug incubation, which is likely to reflect the existence of a threshold effect caused by the alteration of an individual cellular target. Each resistant strain has been compared to the parental strain in terms of cellular sensitivity to treatment with a range of other photosensitizers, hyperthermia, UV light and the anticancer agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. The PHP-resistant strain exhibited crossresistance to photosensitization treatment using exogenously added protoporphyrin IX, and also to treatment with the anionic phthalocyanine sensitizers, zinc (II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine and zinc (II) tetra-glycine-substituted phthalocyanine. The PPC-resistant strain did not display cross-resistance to any of the treatment strategies employed in this investigation. The results of this investigation indicate that there are at least two distinct mechanisms of PDT resistance in RIF cells, and that the mechanism of PHP resistance may, to some extent depend, upon the physical nature of the sensitizer molecule.
Planning Technology Transitions

The challenge inherent in making the transition to advanced technologies lies in ensuring coexistence between newer open, scalable architectures and legacy systems, applications, development tools, and staff. A transition methodology that focuses not only on technology but also takes a participative approach to planning and ensures that business processes are efficient increases an organization's chances of meeting this challenge and benefiting from a more strategic use of IT.
Postural Changes May Influence Popliteal Atherosclerosis by Modifying Local Circumferential Wall Tension

Atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries typically affects vessels of the lower limbs, suggesting that local hemodynamic stimuli play a role in this process. Our study evaluated the effects of body postural changes on carotid and popliteal blood pressure, circumferential wall tension (CWT) and arterial strain, and investigated the relationship between such hemodynamic parameters and intima-media thickness (IMT) of these arteries. One hundred seventeen nondiabetic, nonhypertensive, nonsmoker subjects (48 men and 69 women) were enrolled and had their blood pressure measured in the arm and calf in supine and orthostatic positions. Echo-doppler analysis evaluated the common carotid and popliteal arteries after blood pressure measurements, while CWT was calculated according to Laplace's law. The results showed that changing from supine to orthostatic posture increased blood pressure and CWT in popliteal but not in carotid arteries. Partial correlation analysis adjusted for age and body mass index revealed no major relationship between IMT of the studied vessels and local blood pressure or arterial strain. Conversely, supine and orthostatic CWT exhibited comparable correlation coefficients with carotid IMT, while orthostatic CWT displayed a stronger relationship with popliteal IMT than with supine CWT. These results were confirmed by multiple linear regression analysis that included age, sex, body mass index, lipid fractions and glucose as independent variables. Overall, our results indicate that orthostatic CWT is a stronger hemodynamic predictor of popliteal IMT than supine CWT, suggesting that erectile posture may be a potential risk factor for popliteal atherosclerosis because it increases the local hemodynamic burden.
12.2 A 7nm FinFET SRAM macro using EUV lithography for peripheral repair analysis

Conventional patterning techniques, such as self-aligned double patterning (SADP) and litho-etch-litho-etch (LELE), have paved the way for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) technology that aims to reduce the photomask steps [1,2]. EUV adds the extreme scaling to the high-performance of FinFET technology, thus opening up new opportunities for system-on-chip designers: delivering power, performance, and area (PPA) competitiveness. In terms of area, peripheral logic has scaled down aggressively in comparison to the bitcell given the intense design-rule shrinkage. Figure 12.2. 1 shows the bitcell scaling trend and the peripheral logic unit area across different process nodes. Compared to the 10nm process node, the peripheral logic unit area is closer to the bitcell area in a 7nm process node aided by EUV, which allows bi-directional metal lines for scaling. Complex patterns and intensive scaling induce defective elements in the SRAM peripheral logic. Therefore, the probability of yield-loss due to defects is high, which necessitates the need for a repair scheme for the peripheral logic in addition to the SRAM bitcell. Despite the varied literature on bitcell repair, such as the built-in self-repair that analyzes the faulty bitcells to allocate the repair efficiently for a higher repairable rate [3], literature that discusses peripheral logic repair is sparse. Early literature [4] discusses the usage of a sense-amplifier, designed with redundancy, to address the sense-amplifier offset. Nevertheless, it is not related to the peripheral logic repair for yield improvement. This paper exclusively addresses the peripheral logic repair issue to achieve a higher repairable rate. A separate analysis of SRAM macro defect failures, in the bitcell and peripheral logic, provides a deeper understanding so as to increase the maximum repairable rate under random defect conditions.
Temporal fairness enhanced scheduling for cooperative relaying networks in low mobility fading environments

We consider a wireless network, which consists of several active source/destination pairs and a number of idle nodes. Multiple nodes volunteer as relays to facilitate the communication. All nodes have low mobility and the fading channel is essentially constant over the latency time scale of interest (block fading). Conventional adaptive scheduling techniques are either unfair or inefficient in this context. In A. Wittneben et al. (2004) we proposed a scheduling scheme which does not compromise the quality of service of individual source/destination links (fairness) if the number of relay nodes is sufficiently high. In this paper we propose a simple extension to our scheduling scheme which guarantees short-term temporal fairness among the individual links in the network, while achieving considerable multi-user diversity gains.
An IoT gateway centric architecture to provide novel M2M services

This paper proposes an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) architecture that allows real time interaction between mobile clients and smart/legacy things (sensors and actuators) via a wireless gateway. The novel services provided are: (i) dynamic discovery of M2M device and endpoints by the clients, (ii) managing connection with non-smart things connected over modbus, (iii) associate metadata to sensor and actuator measurements using Sensor Markup Language (SenML) representation and (iv) extending the current capabilities of SenML to support actuator control from mobile clients. These clients are equipped with an end-user application that initiates the discovery phase to learn about the devices and endpoints (sensors and actuators) connected to the wireless gateway. Then the user can select desired sensors to receive and display sensor metadata and control actuators from the mobile device. Prototypes of the mobile application and the wireless gateway have been implemented to validate the entire architecture. The gateway is implemented using RESTful web services and currently runs in a Google App Engine. Two real life scenarios are discussed that can be implemented using the architecture. Finally overall contributions and future research scopes are summarized.
Histones and histone modifications in protozoan parasites

Protozoan parasites are early branching eukaryotes causing significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock. Single‐celled parasites have evolved complex life cycles, which may involve multiple host organisms, and strategies to evade host immune responses. Consequently, two key aspects of virulence that underlie pathogenesis are parasite differentiation and antigenic variation, both of which require changes in the expressed genome. Complicating these requisite alterations in the parasite transcriptome is chromatin, which serves as a formidable barrier to DNA processes including transcription, repair, replication and recombination. Considerable progress has been made in the study of chromatin dynamics in other eukaryotes, and there is much to be gained in extending these analyses to protozoan parasites. Much of the work completed to date has focused on histone acetylation and methylation in the apicomplexans and trypanosomatids. As we describe in this review, such studies provide a unique vantage point of the evolutionary picture of eukaryotic cell development, and reveal unique phenomena that could be exploited pharmacologically to treat protozoal diseases.
Fovea Region Detection in Noisy Fundus Retinal Image Using Wavelet Transform And Clustering

Analysis of retinal image is one of the difficult task in medical image processing. Retinal fundus images are normally manually graded by specially trained clinicians in a time consuming and resource intensive process. This paper aims in presenting a new method that automatically detect the fovea region in retinal fundus image in noisy conditions especially in the case of transmission. In the proposed method a special case of impulse noise is taken and fuzzy based denoising is done and the blood vessel structure is obtained using wavelet transform and finally the fovea is localized using the fuzzy c means clustering algorithm. This method has been implemented in MATLAB and tested in the publically available DRIVE database and results show that this method is applicable in case of low noise variances.
A Hopfield neural-network-based dynamic channel allocation with handoff channel reservation control

As channel allocation schemes become more complex and computationally demanding in cellular radio networks, alternative computational models that provide the means for faster processing time are becoming the topic of research interest. These computational models include knowledge-based algorithms, neural networks, and stochastic search techniques. This paper is concerned with the application of a Hopfield (1982) neural network (HNN) to dynamic channel allocation (DCA) and extends previous work that reports the performance of HNN in terms of new call blocking probability. We further model and examine the effect on performance of traffic mobility and the consequent intercell call handoff, which, under increasing load, can force call terminations with an adverse impact on the quality of service (QoS). To maintain the overall QoS, it is important that forced call terminations be kept to a minimum. For an HNN-based DCA, we have therefore modified the underlying model by formulating a new energy function to account for the overall channel allocation optimization, not only for new calls but also for handoff channel allocation resulting from traffic mobility. That is, both new call blocking and handoff call blocking probabilities are applied as a joint performance estimator. We refer to the enhanced model as HNN-DCA++. We have also considered a variation of the original technique based on a simple handoff priority scheme, here referred to as HNN-DCA+. The two neural DCA schemes together with the original model are evaluated under traffic mobility and their performance compared in terms of new-call blocking and handoff-call dropping probabilities. Results show that the HNN-DCA++ model performs favorably due to its embedded control for assisting handoff channel allocation.
Thyroid hormone receptors: multiple forms, multiple possibilities.

I. Introduction THE biological importance of the thyroid gland has been recognized for centuries (1). The realization in the late 19th century that cretinism and myxedema result from loss of thyroid function led to the discovery of T4 (2) and T3 (3) as the predominant and most potent thyroid hormones, respectively. During the ensuing decades the plasma membrane (4), synapse (5), endoplasmic reticulum (6), and mitochondria (7) have all been considered as potential cellular sites of action of the thyroid hormones. In the 1960s, however, it was noted that many of the physiological actions of T3 were preceded by nuclear RNA transcription (8, 9), and high-affinity nuclear receptors for T3 were discovered soon thereafter (10,11). The specificity of the nuclear T3 receptors (TRs) for thyroid hormone analogs closely parallels the biological potency of the compounds (12, 13), and the levels of the nuclear TRs correlate well with the developmental and tissue-specific effects of T3 in most cases (14, 15). Thus, alth.
TESTING THE MODE EFFECTS IN THE FINNISH CONSUMER SURVEY

A sealed four-row tapered roller bearing, useable for working rolls of roll stands, is provided with axial multipart inner and outer races and tapered rollers arranged between the bearing races, sealing of the seat of the outer race parts in the housing being preferably effected by O-rings which are arranged in annular grooves of the outer race parts. The bearing chamber is sealed axially outward by sealing rings which are fastened in annular grooves in the bore of the outer race parts and rest with sealing lips on surfaces of the inner race, the separating line between the front faces of the inner races being sealed off by a sealing ring which rests on the inner races. The bearing chamber of the four-row tapered roller bearing is protected against the penetration of dirt and the tapered roller bearing can easily be assembled and disassembled as a result of the bore of the sealing ring being provided with continuous ribs which delimit at least one chamber for receiving lubricant, the sealing ring being arranged and centered on preferably cylindrical surfaces of inner race prolongations facing one another.
Single Miller Capacitor Feedforward Frequency Compensation on Three Stage Amplifier for Large Capacitive Load

This paper presents the analysis of single Miller capacitor feedforward compensation scheme which is used in threestage CMOS operational amplifiers. single Miller compensation capacitor in three-stage amplifiers can significantly reduce the total capacitor value, and therefore, the overall area of the amplifiers without influencing their stability. Feed forward technique is effectively combined to achieve better small-signal and large-signal performances. The structure proposed in this paper compared to all previous structures, significantly higher bandwidth and phase margin. The value of the compensation capacitor is also reduces significantly. conducted Simulations in this paper was on 0. 25µm for (25kΩ//120Pf) large load.
Intraobserver and Interobserver Variations in Sonographic Measurements of Kidney Size in Adult Volunteers

Estimation of renal size by sonography can be performed by measuring renal length, volume, cortical volume or cortical thickness. Observer variation in these measurements is an important factor, especially when repeated measurements are compared. This study was performed to examine the magnitude of intraobserver and interobserver variations for each of the above-mentioned measurements, and to find the measurement with the lowest observer variation. Sonographic measurements were performed by 3 observers on 18 adult volunteers. The standard deviation of the difference (SDD) between any 2 pairs of measurements was used as the indicator of the magnitude of the observer variation. Renal length measurement showed the lowest observer variation with a relative SDD of 4 to 5%. Measurement of cortical thickness showed the poorest reproducibility with a relative SDD of 18 to 23%, while volumetric estimations had a relative SDD of 14 to 17%. Renal length measurement should be preferred to renal volume estimation, especially when comparing repeated measurements.
Bayesian optimization for sensor set selection

We consider the problem of selecting an optimal set of sensors, as determined, for example, by the predictive accuracy of the resulting sensor network. Given an underlying metric between pairs of set elements, we introduce a natural metric between sets of sensors for this task. Using this metric, we can construct covariance functions over sets, and thereby perform Gaussian process inference over a function whose domain is a power set. If the function has additional inputs, our covariances can be readily extended to incorporate them---allowing us to consider, for example, functions over both sets and time. These functions can then be optimized using Gaussian process global optimization (GPGO). We use the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the predictions made using a set of sensors at a particular time as an example of such a function to be optimized; the optimal point specifies the best choice of sensor locations. We demonstrate the resulting method by dynamically selecting the best subset of a given set of weather sensors for the prediction of the air temperature across the United Kingdom.
LOW-PROBABILITY INSURANCE DECISIONS WITH AMBIGUITY : THE ROLE OF CONCERN

On the basis of a low probability insurance experiment with substantial money on the line, we demonstrate that concern is an important driver of willingness to pay (WTP) for insurance when there is ambiguity surrounding the estimate. Concern still plays an important role when probabilities are given precisely. This finding explains why some individuals pay too much and others little for insurance coverage. 3
The Multi-Principal OS Construction of the Gazelle Web Browser

Original web browsers were applications designed to view static web content. As web sites evolved into dynamic web applications that compose content from multiple web sites, browsers have become multiprincipal operating environments with resources shared among mutually distrusting web site principals. Nevertheless, no existing browsers, including new architectures like IE 8, Google Chrome, and OP, have a multi-principal operating system construction that gives a browser-based OS the exclusive control to manage the protection of all system resources among web site principals. In this paper, we introduce Gazelle, a secure web browser constructed as a multi-principal OS. Gazelle's browser kernel is an operating system that exclusively manages resource protection and sharing across web site principals. This construction exposes intricate design issues that no previous work has identified, such as crossprotection-domain display and events protection. We elaborate on these issues and provide comprehensive solutions. Our prototype implementation and evaluation experience indicates that it is realistic to turn an existing browser into a multi-principal OS that yields significantly stronger security and robustness with acceptable performance.