Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The TuBE approach to trust management

Due to ﬁerce competition, organizations must focus on their key strengthsto survive. In order to avoid a complete fragmentation of services, this tendencyis mitigated by cooperation with other organizations to provide a composedservice. The resulting communities of autonomous service-provider peers suﬀerfrom uncertainty: the other partners are not controllable, and the service pro-vided may be of varying quality or even nonexistent. The partners sometimesare competitors in related ﬁelds, and a peer may be uncooperative, compromisedor malicious.In this kind of environment, making access-control and partner-selection de-cisions based on a static policy is unsustainable. A continuous application-levelre-evaluation of peer trustworthiness is needed. For situation-aware decisions,the risks and potential beneﬁts related to a positive decision should also beconsidered.The TuBE project (Trust Based on Evidence) aims to provide middlewareservices for trust-based decisions on authorization and partner selection. Trustin a partner is updated based on experience gathered from earlier collaboration.These services enhance the B2B middleware from the web-Pilarcos project [1],which provides lifecycle management and interoperability support for open busi-ness networks.Trust decisions are made locally, and local observation is used to updatethe dynamic trust views. The TuBE draft architecture includes local experiencegathering in the form of anomaly detection and checking compliance to expectedinformation and behaviour patterns. To take advantage of other partners’ ex-periences as well, peers exchange their views of other peers’ trustworthiness inthe network to build a better-informed view of their collaborators. This externalreputation information, once analyzed for credibility, can be used to enrich thelocal view. The architecture includes an engine to update local reputation basedboth on experience from local observation and external reputation informationfrom other peers.The TuBE trust information model consists of a 7-tuple of trustor, trustee,action, trustee reputation, action risk, action importance, and trustor context.A trust decision depends on the trustor, the trustee and the action—typically aservice request. Diﬀerent actors and actions require their own trust analysis.The next three factors, describing the trustee and action in the trustor’sview, are the main inputs to a decision policy. The trustee reputation representsestimated trustworthiness, and is also action-speciﬁc. The factors describing theaction are the amount of risk related to authorizing the action, and the action
Synthetic Heterochromatin Bypasses RNAi and Centromeric Repeats to Establish Functional Centromeres

Synthetic Centromere Every eukaryotic chromosome must have a centromere where the cell division machinery latches onto each chromosome pair to ensure an even apportioning of the genetic material between daughter cells. The characteristic (but not conserved) repeat sequences associated with most centromeres are thought to be required to induce an RNA interference (RNAi) response and thereby promote the formation of heterochromatin, needed for centromere function. Kagansky et al. (p. 1716) now show in fission yeast that these outer repeat sequences can be replaced in their entirety by very short sequences that recruit an enzyme, Clr4, which promotes the formation of heterochromatin in the absence of RNAi. Thus, flanking heterochromatin, regardless of its derivation, is all that is required for the formation of a functional centromere. A tethered methyltransferase induces the tight packing of DNA, the formation of a kinetochore, and chromosome segregation. In the central domain of fission yeast centromeres, the kinetochore is assembled on CENP-ACnp1 nucleosomes. Normally, small interfering RNAs generated from flanking outer repeat transcripts direct histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Clr4 to homologous loci to form heterochromatin. Outer repeats, RNA interference (RNAi), and centromeric heterochromatin are required to establish CENP-ACnp1 chromatin. We demonstrated that tethering Clr4 via DNA-binding sites at euchromatic loci induces heterochromatin assembly, with or without active RNAi. This synthetic heterochromatin completely substitutes for outer repeats on plasmid-based minichromosomes, promoting de novo CENP-ACnp1 and kinetochore assembly, to allow their mitotic segregation, even with RNAi inactive. Thus, the role of outer repeats in centromere establishment is simply the provision of RNAi substrates to direct heterochromatin formation; H3K9 methylation-dependent heterochromatin is alone sufficient to form functional centromeres.
Slow evolution of elliptical galaxies induced by dynamical friction. II. Non-adiabatic effects

Context. Many astrophysical problems, ranging from structure formation in cosmology to dynamics of elliptical galaxies, refer to slow processes of evolution of essentially collisionless self-gra vitating systems. In order to determine the relevant quasi- equilibrium configuration at time t from given initial conditions, it is often argued that such s low evolution may be approximated in terms of adiabatic evolution, for the calculation of which effi cient semi‐analytical techniques are available. Aims. Here we focus on the slow process of evolution, induced by dynamical friction of a host stellar system on a minority component of “satellites”, that we have investigated in a previous paper, to determine to what extent an adiabatic description might be applied. Methods. The study is realized by comparing directly N‐body simulations of the stellar system evolution (in two significantly di fferent models) from initial to final conditions in a controlled numerical en vironment. Results. We demonstrate that for the examined process the adiabatic description is going to provide incorrect answers, not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. The two classes of models considered exhibit generally similar trends in evolution, with one exception noted in relation to the evolution of the total density profile. Conclusions. This simple conclusion should be taken as a warning against the indiscriminate use of adiabatic growth prescriptions in studies of structure of galaxies.
Effect of supplementary amine fluoride gel in caries-active adolescents. A clinical QLF study

Objective. To investigate whether supplementary daily use of amine fluoride toothpaste with weekly brushing with amine fluoride gel enhances the remineralization of white spot lesions on smooth surfaces and also to investigate the possible effect of this treatment on salivary bacterial counts and oral hygiene. Material and Methods. The participants comprised 135 caries-active adolescents living in suburban Stockholm. They were given an amine fluoride dentifrice (1250 ppm F) to be used twice a day, and either a test gel (4000 ppm F) or a placebo gel for brushing for 2 min once a week. During the 12-month study period, the subjects were recalled every 3rd month (baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). At each visit, ΔF (average change in fluorescence, in%) and lesion area (in mm2) were measured using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), followed by dietary counseling, oral hygiene instruction, and professional tooth-cleaning. At baseline, 6, and 12 months, saliva was sampled for Streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus counts, and gingival bleeding index was registered. Results. QLF indicated no enhancement of remineralization of white spot lesions by additional weekly brushing with amine fluoride gel. No inter-group differences emerged with regard to salivary bacterial counts. However, the oral hygiene of both groups improved, with a strong significance over time. Conclusion. Adjunctive weekly brushing of amine fluoride gel achieved no significant enhancement of remineralization of white spot lesions monitored with the QLF method.
Upper-Expectation Bisimilarity and (cid:2)Lukasiewicz µ -Calculus

Several notions of bisimulation relations for probabilistic nondeterministic transition systems have been considered in the literature. We study a novel testing-based behavioral equivalence called upper expectation bisimilarity and, using standard results from functional analysis, we develop its coalgebraic and algebraic theory and provide a logical characterization in terms of an expressive probabilistic modal μ -calculus.
The Impact of Gender Diversity on the Performance of Business Teams: Evidence from a Field Experiment

This paper reports on a field experiment conducted to estimate the impact of the share of women in business teams on their performance. Teams consisting of undergraduate students in business studies start up a venture as part of their curriculum. We manipulated the gender composition of teams and assigned students randomly to teams, conditional on their gender. We find that teams with an equal gender mix perform better than male-dominated teams in terms of sales and profits. We explore various mechanisms suggested in the literature to explain this positive effect of gender diversity on performance (including complementarities, learning, monitoring, and conflicts) but find no support for them.
The pharmacogenetic control of antiplatelet response: candidate genes and CYP2C19

Introduction: Aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor are antiplatelet agents for the prevention of ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and other indications. Variability in response is observed to different degrees with these agents, which can translate to increased risks for adverse cardiovascular events. As such, potential pharmacogenetic determinants of antiplatelet pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical outcomes have been actively studied. Areas covered: This article provides an overview of the available antiplatelet pharmacogenetics literature. Evidence supporting the significance of candidate genes and their potential influence on antiplatelet response and clinical outcomes are summarized and evaluated. Additional focus is directed at CYP2C19 and clopidogrel response, including the availability of clinical testing and genotype-directed antiplatelet therapy. Expert opinion: The reported aspirin response candidate genes have not been adequately replicated and few candidate genes have thus far been implicated in prasugrel or ticagrelor response. However, abundant data support the clinical validity of CYP2C19 and clopidogrel response variability among ACS/PCI patients. Although limited prospective trial data are available to support the utility of routine CYP2C19 testing, the increased risks for reduced clopidogrel efficacy among ACS/PCI patients that carry CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles should be considered when genotype results are available.
Mycolactone reveals the substrate-driven complexity of Sec61-dependent transmembrane protein biogenesis

ABSTRACT Mycolactone is the exotoxin virulence factor produced by Mycobacterium ulcerans, the pathogen responsible for Buruli ulcer. The skin lesions and immunosuppression that are characteristic of this disease result from the action of mycolactone, which targets the Sec61 complex and inhibits the co-translational translocation of secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, we investigate the effect of mycolactone on the Sec61-dependent biogenesis of different classes of transmembrane protein (TMP). Our data suggest that the effect of mycolactone on TMP biogenesis depends on how the nascent chain initially engages the Sec61 complex. For example, the translocation of TMP lumenal domains driven by an N-terminal cleavable signal sequence is efficiently inhibited by mycolactone. In contrast, the effect of mycolactone on protein translocation that is driven solely by a non-cleavable signal anchor/transmembrane domain depends on which flanking region is translocated. For example, while translocation of the region N-terminal to a signal anchor/transmembrane domain is refractive to mycolactone, C-terminal translocation is efficiently inhibited. Our findings highlight the diversity of Sec61-dependent translocation and provide a molecular basis for understanding the effect of mycolactone on the biogenesis of different TMPs. Highlighted Article: The exotoxin mycolactone interferes with the biogenesis of the majority of transmembrane proteins and its actions highlight differences in how distinct classes of these proteins initially engage the Sec61 translocon.
A 18mW 10Gbps continuous-time FIR equalizer for wired line data communications in 0.12µm CMOS

This paper presents a 10Gbps continuous-time FIR receiver equalizer design with a ¼ symbol-period differential self-biased active inductor delay line in 0. 12µm CMOS for wired line data communications. The proposed delay line, together with a proposed active inductor Cherry-Hooper transimpedance load at the FIR filter summing node, increases the equalizer speed, while reducing the equalizer power consumption to only 18mW. The prototype occupies 0.03mm2 die area and measurement results show that the equalizer can compensate for 15dB channel loss at 5GHz for 10Gbps data transmission.
Tape-to-Tape Joint Resistances of a Magnet Assembled From (RE)BCO Double-Pancake Coils

We present the results of tape-to-tape joint resistances in a 1.3-GHz/54-mm nuclear-magnetic-resonance magnet comprising a 500-MHz low-temperature-superconducting magnet and an 800-MHz high-temperature-superconducting insert (H800), which is currently in the fabrication stage at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory. The H800, which is a three-coil assembly of double-pancake coils and wound with a 6-mm-wide (RE)BCO tape (rare earth element), requires a total of 94 tape-to-tape joints. Specific results obtained are: 1) an extrapolation technique to predict the resistances of the tape-to-tape curved bridge joints from those of the curved lap joint samples with the same 6-mm-wide tape batch and joint area; 2) increased resistance owing to a small gap (<; 0.4 mm) in the outer radii of the two adjacent pancakes, which is mainly caused by the variation in the (RE) BCO tape thickness (on the order of several micrometers); 3) a method to minimize solder-heating influences on the pancake current-carrying capacity; 4) the dependence of resistance on solder materials; and 5) the experience with the 25 joints on Coil 1, which is the first of three coils for our H800 insert (H800 Coil 1).
Protecting users against phishing attacks with AntiPhish

Phishing is a form of online identity theft that aims to steal sensitive information such as online banking passwords and credit card information from users. Phishing scams have been receiving extensive press coverage because such attacks have been escalating in number and sophistication. According to a study by Gartner, 51 million US Internet users have identified the receipt of e-mail linked to phishing scams and about 2 million of them are estimated to have been tricked into giving away sensitive information. This paper presents a novel browser extension, AntiPhish, that aims to protect users against spoofed Web site-based phishing attacks. To this end, AntiPhish tracks the sensitive information of a user and generates warnings whenever the user attempts to give away this information to a Web site that is considered un-trusted.
System components for embedded information retrieval from multiple disparate information sources

Current information retrieval interfaces only address a small pant of the reality of rich interactions amongst user, task, and information sources. We view information gathering as an interactive, iterative activity involving multiple disparate information sources and embedded in the context of broader processes of information use. We have developed two key system components that enable information workspaces that adhere to this reformulation of information retrieval. The tlrst is a design for a user/system interaction model for retrieval from multiple, disparate information sources. The second is a repository modeling system, called Repo, that represents meta-information about different information repositories in a manner that supports system operation as well as provides a direct information resource to the user. To test these embodied the interaction system called Labrador.
Analysis of the relationship between drusen size and drusen area in eyes with age-related macular degeneration.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between drusen counts and drusen area in eyes with age-related macular degeneration, and to correlate drusen areas between fellow eyes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Digital images from 378 patients (756 eyes) were analyzed using a validated drusen detection algorithm. Total drusen area and the number of drusen of various sizes (small: < 62 microns, intermediate: 63-124 microns, large: 125-249 microns, etc) were recorded for the central 1,000- and 3,000-micron diameter macular regions. Correlations were assessed using structural equation models. RESULTS For the 1,000-micron region, the number of intermediate drusen was more highly correlated to total drusen area than the number of large drusen (R = 0.91 vs 0.82); this difference was statistically significant. The correlation coefficients for drusen area between fellow eyes was 0.73. CONCLUSION The number of large drusen does not correlate better with total drusen area than drusen of other sizes. The number of large drusen is not necessarily a good surrogate for total drusen area.
On Stabilization of Quantized Sampled-Data Neural-Network-Based Control Systems

This paper investigates the problem of stabilization of sampled-data neural-network-based systems with state quantization. Different with previous works, the communication limitation of state quantization is considered for the first time. More specifically, it is assumed that the sampled state measurements from sensor to the controller are quantized via a quantizer. To reduce conservativeness, a novel piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed by introducing a line-integral type Lyapunov function and some useful terms that take full advantage of the available information about the actual sampling pattern. Based on the new LKF, much less conservative stabilization conditions are derived to obtain the maximal sampling period and the minimal guaranteed cost control performance. The desired quantized sampled-data three-layer fully connected feedforward neural-network-based controllers are designed by a linear matrix inequality approach. A search algorithm is given to find the optimal values of tuning parameters. The effectiveness and advantage of proposed method are demonstrated by the numerical simulation of an inverted pendulum.
Impact of the Supply Voltage on the Stray-Load Losses in Induction Motors

In this paper, the effects of the sinusoidal supply voltage amplitude on the stray-load losses in small/medium-size induction motors are analyzed and discussed using a simplified per-phase equivalent circuit, which has recently been proposed by the authors. In this circuit, the stray-load losses due to the airgap spatial harmonics effects on the rotor squirrel cage are modeled using a suitable additional resistance connected in series with the stator impedance. Then, this paper's main aim is to further prove the validity and the accuracy of the proposed model and to increase the familiarity with the new equivalent circuit parameter. By an experimental campaign conducted on a four-pole 7.5-kW totally enclosed fan-cooled induction motor, several data have been collected and used to determine the stray-load losses for different values of the supply voltage, in accordance to the IEEE Std. 112-B. The same data have been used to determine the additional resistance as a function of the supply voltage. The obtained results show that, also in conditions different from the rated ones, the additional resistance is reasonably able to take into account the considered stray-load losses in the machine power balance.
Musculoskeletal Sonography of the Tendon

endon abnormalities are common musculoskeletal injuries that comprise 7% of all physician visits in the United States and up to 50% of all sports-related injuries.1–3 Common tendon abnormalities include tendinopathy and tendon tears, which impose a substantial cost to society in the United States and abroad. According to the American Public Health Association, tendon disorders account for approximately $850 billion per year in health care costs and indirect lost wage expenditures.4 Accurate and timely diagnosis of musculoskeletal tendon injuries is critical to ensure proper treatment and thus minimize societal costs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the imaging standard for musculoskeletal injuries. However, MRI is costly and overused.5 Improvements in ultrasound technology have made sonography a rapidly growing imaging alternative and complementary tool to MRI for the diagnosis of common tendon injuries.6 Sonography is both portable and cost-effective, with the potential to save $7 billion in health care costs over the next 15 years with increased use.5 High-resolution and dynamic assessment advantages make sonography well suited for tendon evaluation and should be a first-line complementary diagnostic tool. Currently in clinical practice, musculoskeletal sonography is widely accepted and expanding in Europe.7 Most recently, the use of musculoskeletal sonography is increasing among radiologists and nonradiologists in the United States, but especially by nonradiology groups.8
Re‐thinking training needs analysis

This paper reviews the literature on training needs analysis with the intention of organising conceptually the various approaches. It offers a way of going beyond simple descriptions to a quantitative approach. A simple yet comprehensive model is proposed which consists of four aspects focusing on four related questions: Who are the key initiators of the TNA studies? What are the levels of interest in the studies (i.e. organization, process, group and individual)? What methods of analysis are used? What is the intended outcome of the analysis? Based on these, four hypotheses are proposed. A literature search produced a total of 118 articles, of which 44 were randomly picked for detailed review. As expected, the literature was dominated by “supply‐led” players, i.e. trainers and academics, but with an unexpectedly strong emphasis on the “demand‐led” aspects of the organisation, especially its business results and growth.