Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyanobacterial blooms and the presence of cyanotoxins in small high altitude tropical headwater reservoirs in Kenya.

The phytoplankton community in three small (0.065-0.249 km2) reservoirs in the stepped plateau landscape in the Kinangop area above the Rift Valley floor in Kenya were studied between 1998 and 2000. Approximately 70 species of phytoplankton were identified. The community was dominated by chlorophytes, cyanobacteria and chrysophytes. Diatoms were rare. The phytoplankton assemblage was frequently dominated by cyanobacteria in the dry season. The phytoplankton assemblage transformed to a mixture of cyanobacteria, chlorophytes and chrysophytes at the onset of the long rains, and mixture of cyanobacteria and chlorophytes after the long rains. Thereafter the phytoplankton assemblage consisted mainly of a mix of cyanobacteria and chrysophytes until the onset of the short rains when cyanobacterial dominance re-emerged. The most common phytoplankton species included Microcystis spp. , Botryococcus braunii, Ceratium hirundinella, Anabaena spp. and Euglena viridis. The dry season cyanobacterial blooms produced cyanotoxins that included microcystin and endotoxins. The concentrations were well above the recommended safe limits for drinking water. The patterns of cyanotoxin production showed that the growth of the toxin-producing cyanobacteria was regulated by water temperature, pH and nutrients. The appearance of cyanotoxins in the small reservoirs is a serious public health issue in rural Kenya because such reservoirs are key sources of water for humans, livestock and wildlife.
Multi-Dimensional Models Facilitate AutomaticReformulation: The Case Study of the SET Game

In this paper we describe a reformulation strategy for solving multi- dimensional Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). This strategy operates by iteratively considering, in isolation, each one of the uni-dimensional constraints in the problem, and exploits the approximate symmetries induced by the selected constraint on the domains in order to enforce this constraint on the simplified problem. We use the game of SET, a combinatorial card game, as a toy prob- lem to motivate our strategy and to explain and illustrate its operation. However, we believe that our approach is applicable to more complex domains of scien- tific and industrial importance, and deserves more thorough investigations in the future. Our approach sheds a new light on the dynamic reformulation of multi- dimensional CSPs. Importantly, it advocates that modeling tools for Constraint Programming should allow the user to specify the constraints directly on the attributes of the domain objects (i.e., variables and values) so that their multi- dimensionality can be exploited during problem solving.
The Power of Exhaustive Bridge Diagnosis using IDDQ Speed, Confidence, and Resolution

A method is presented for high-speed diagnosis of all two-node bridging defects in a logic circuit using IDDQ. The method is tractable for large industrial circuit designs, requiring less than two CPU minutes to evaluate the ten trillion bridging defects on a 4.5-million gate ASIC. More significant than the speed of the method, however, is the precise diagnostic resolution typically achieved when the list of bridge faults diagnosed is examined in light of the circuit's physical layout. The robustness of the IDDQ bridge fault model and the near impossibility of matching a long IDDQ signature by chance result in a confidence in the results rarely matched by diagnostic methods that must rely on modeling the logical behavior of a bridging defect. Performance data and results from physical failure analysis are presented for a variety of production ASIC designs
The A/P axis in echinoderm ontogeny and evolution: evidence from fossils and molecules

SUMMARY Even though echinoderms are members of the Bilateria, the location of their anterior/posterior axis has remained enigmatic. Here we propose a novel solution to the problem employing three lines of evidence: the expression of a posterior class Hox gene in the coeloms of the nascent adult body plan within the larva; the anatomy of certain early fossil echinoderms; and finally the relation between endoskeletal plate morphology and the associated coelomic tissues. All three lines of evidence converge on the same answer, namely that the location of the adult mouth is anterior, and the anterior/posterior axis runs from the mouth through the adult coelomic compartments. This axis then orients the animal such that there is but a single plane of symmetry dividing the animal into left and right halves. We tentatively hypothesize that this plane of symmetry is positioned along the dorsal/ventral axis. These axis identifications lead to the conclusion that the five ambulacra are not primary body axes, but instead are outgrowths from the central anterior/posterior axis. These identifications also shed insight into several other evolutionary mysteries of various echinoderm clades such as the independent evolution of bilateral symmetry in irregular echinoids, but do not elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the adult coelomic architecture.
Immigrant Working Mothers Reconciling Work and Childcare: the Experience of Latin American and Eastern European Women in Milan

The aim of this paper is to provide an exploration of the work–family reconciliation processes of immigrant working mothers in Italy, through the analysis of fifty-six qualitative interviews carried out with Latin American and Eastern European female workers with at least one minor child living in Milan. The study highlights the strategies they followed to manage work and childcare under the unfavorable conditions posed by the intertwining effects of immigration, care, and employment regimes. These, leading to limited social and employment rights, also influence their kinds of participation in the labor market and constrain the geographical mobility of their family members, leading women to enact (over time but also simultaneously) pluri-local care strategies. While these can be interpreted as a further resource available to migrant families, they can also be seen as the outcome of a partial inclusion into the host society, showing new forms of inequality in the access of social care.
Design of the Integrated Monitoring Framework Based on Ontology for Analyzing the Customer Feedback

This study was carried out as a part of the development of the integrated monitoring system which analyzes the customer feedback data to evaluate the services on offer and reconfigure and recommend the services based on the evaluation result for effective performance management in the B2C industry. This system is based on the framework which can monitor quantitative and qualitative analysis data from the process mining analysis for the system log generated in the hospital, customer satisfaction survey and customer dissatisfaction messages on the social media. This framework is designed to provide the infrastructure for integrated query of necessary data and inference by managing the relevant information between the analysis results based on the ontology, and this framework is intended primarily for the services offered in the hospital.
Cutting Edge: Immune Cells as Sources and Targets of the IL-10 Family Members?

This study investigated the expression of five novel human IL-10-related molecules and their receptors in blood mononuclear cells. IL-19 and IL-20 were found to be preferentially expressed in monocytes. IL-22 and IL-26 (AK155) expression was exclusively detected in T cells, especially upon type 1 polarization, and in NK cells. IL-24 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7) expression was restricted to monocytes and T cells. Detection of these molecules in lymphocytes was predominantly linked to cellular activation. Regarding T cells, IL-26 was primarily produced by memory cells, and its expression was independent on costimulation. In contrast to the high expression of receptors for IL-10 homologs in different tissues and cell lines, monocytes and NK, B, and T cells showed clear expression only of IL-10R1, IL-10R2, and IL-20R2. In these cells, IL-20R2 might be part of a still-unknown receptor complex. Therefore, immune cells may represent a major source but a minor target of the novel IL-10 family members.
Does Teacher Empowerment Affect the Classroom? The Implications of Teacher Empowerment for Instructional Practice and Student Academic Performance

Findings from recent research about the relationship of teacher empowerment to other school reform objectives of interest, such as classroom practices or student academic performance, are mixed. This study investigates teacher empowerment in schools that have at least four years of experience with some form of decentralized or school-based management. Based on the assumption that participation in school decisionmaking can enhance teachers’ commitment, expertise, and, ultimately, student achievement, we hypothesize a positive relationship between empowerment and student performance through the linkages of school organization for instruction and pedagogical quality. The data we use to examine empowerment are drawn from a sample of 24 restructuring elementary, middle, and high schools—8 schools at each grade level. Most of the schools are urban, representing 16 states and 22 school districts. Data sources include teacher surveys, ratings of pedagogical quality, assessments of student academic performance, and case studies based on interviews and observations; the primary method of analysis is hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). The results suggest: (1) Overall, empowerment appears to be an important but not sufficient condition of obtaining real changes in teachers’ ways of working and their instructional practices; (2) The effects of empowerment on classroom practice vary depending on the domain in which teacher influence is focused; (3) Teacher empowerment affects pedagogical quality and student academic performance indirectly through school organization for instruction.
γ-RAY AND PARSEC-SCALE JET PROPERTIES OF A COMPLETE SAMPLE OF BLAZARS FROM THE MOJAVE PROGRAM

We investigate the Fermi Large Area Telescope γ-ray and 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array radio properties of a joint γ-ray and radio-selected sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) obtained during the first 11 months of the Fermi mission (2008 August 4–2009 July 5). Our sample contains the brightest 173 AGNs in these bands above declination −30° during this period, and thus probes the full range of γ-ray loudness (γ-ray to radio band luminosity ratio) in the bright blazar population. The latter quantity spans at least 4 orders of magnitude, reflecting a wide range of spectral energy distribution (SED) parameters in the bright blazar population. The BL Lac objects, however, display a linear correlation of increasing γ-ray loudness with synchrotron SED peak frequency, suggesting a universal SED shape for objects of this class. The synchrotron self-Compton model is favored for the γ-ray emission in these BL Lac objects over external seed photon models, since the latter predict a dependence of Compton dominance on Doppler factor that would destroy any observed synchrotron SED-peak–γ-ray-loudness correlation. The high-synchrotron peaked (HSP) BL Lac objects are distinguished by lower than average radio core brightness temperatures, and none display large radio modulation indices or high linear core polarization levels. No equivalent trends are seen for the flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in our sample. Given the association of such properties with relativistic beaming, we suggest that the HSP BL Lac objects have generally lower Doppler factors than the lower-synchrotron peaked BL Lac objects or FSRQs in our sample.
A Polynomial-Based Countermeasure to Selective Forwarding Attacks in Sensor Networks

In data-centric wireless sensor networks (WSN), the malicious nodes may drop some crucial data packets, which serious destroy the network's data collection and decrease the availability of sensor services. In this paper, we present a lightweight security scheme based on polynomial modeling for preventing selective forwarding attacks. Both theoretical analysis and simulations show that the proposed scheme can alleviate the impact of this type of attack and improve the robustness of the network under conditions of a good tradeoff between the security reliability and the communication overhead. The simulation results show that our scheme can achieve a high success sending ratio in face of a large number of malicious nodes, while the communication overhead can be controlled within reasonable bounds.
Reliability-based driver drowsiness detection using Dempster-Shafer theory

In this paper, driving drowsiness detection based on visual features offers a noninvasive solution to detect the driver's state. Fusion with lane and driver features is addressed in order to complement each other once any visual signs failed. Given uncertainty exists greatly, Dempster-Shafer theory is used to improve the accuracy of detection while reliability is given to present the data's robustness. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of driving drowsiness vigilance is enhanced in the proposed framework and efficiently tolerates the failure of feature collection.
Vanhusneuvoston toiminnan kehittäminen osallisuuden näkökulmasta

Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Master’s Degree Programme in Social Services NIEMINEN, KATRI: Enhancing the Functions of the Elderly Council from a Participatory Perspective Master's thesis 87 pages April 2015 The aim of this study was to enhance the procedures of the Elderly Council in order to improve its participation and opportunities to exert influence. This study seeks to reach this by clarifying the main tasks and by setting goals for the actions of the Elderly Council from the operators’ viewpoint. As a result improvement proposals can be made to the action plan for the next two year term. The procedures and action of the Elderly Council were studied from the aspect of the operators on a level of a subjective experience and practice. On the level of the operator’s subjective experience the experiences of participation, the reasons and motives for participating and getting involved in action and placing oneself in the role of an operator in the Elderly Council were examined. On the level of practice the operators’ perceptions of what is the role is, what are the main tasks of the Elderly Council and how it functions and what sort of preconditions limit its procedures and action were also examined. The data in this qualitative study were collected in two phases using thematic interviews and focus group. Six operators of the Elderly Council were interviewed. The data were content-analysed. The focus group consisted of the same six operators and also of two operators of the Elderly Council who represent local authorities and stakeholders. Based on the results main tasks and goals of the Elderly Council were defined and proposals for the action plan were set. The results showed that the operators of the Elderly Council see the Elderly Council as an enabler for participation. All the opportunities to participate are not used or utilized. The operators describe their motives for participating as self-based and the operators identify the spontaneity of participation. As an operator in the Elderly Council expertise was reflected on the individual’s strong background in voluntary work in associations, activity in different functions and personal work history. Participation occurs as forms of sharing information, consultation and partnership. In practice participation can be fortified by generating experiences of expertise for the operators and by arranging room for deliberative conversations within the Elderly Council.
Chapter VI Artificial Mind

The advances of artificial intelligence (AI) have renewed the interest in the mind-body problem, the ancient philosophical debate on the nature of mind and its relationship with the brain. The new version of the mind-body problem concerns the relationship between computational complexity and self-aware thought. The traditional controversy between strong and weak AI will not be settled until we are able in the future to build a robot so evolved to give us the possibility to verify its perceptions, its qualitative sensations, and its introspective thoughts. However, an alternative way can be followed: The progresses of micro-, nano-, and biotechnologies allow us to create the first bionic creatures, composed of biologi cal cells connected to electronic devices. Creating an artificial brain with a biological structure could allow verifying if it possesses peculiar properties with respect to an electronic one, comparing them at the same level of complexity.
Transcriptome Dataset of Soybean (Glycine max) Grown under Phosphorus-Deficient and -Sufficient Conditions

This data descriptor introduces the dataset of the transcriptome of low-phosphorus tolerant soybean (Glycine max) variety NN94-156 under phosphorus-deficient and -sufficient conditions. This data is comprised of the transcriptome datasets (four libraries) acquired from roots and leaves of the soybean plants challenged with low-phosphorus, which allows further analysis whether systemic tolerance response to low phosphorus stress occurred. We describe the detailed procedure of how plants were prepared and treated and how the data were generated and pre-processed. Further analyses of this data would be helpful to improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms of low-phosphorus stress in soybean.
Modeling and design of asynchronous circuits

This technology review explores the behavioral and structural design domains for asynchronous circuits and systems. It proceeds bottom up, introducing relevant concepts, terminology and techniques through a succession of simple examples. There are seven main points: 1) Signal transitions provide a key to understanding the switching behavior of asynchronous logic. 2) Burst-mode circuits and speed-independent control circuits offer reliable operation that is free from glitches. 3) Various notations are available for specification of control circuitry and as a starting point for logic synthesis. 4) Bundled data and delay-insensitive coding schemes are suitable for representing data because they address the issues of data validity and completion detection. 5) Asynchronous networks, constructed from modules and channels, provide a systems architecture for asynchronous design. 6) Handshaking on channels, which controls data communication and synchronization between modules, is implemented using signal transitions. 7) The translation of algorithmic descriptions into asynchronous networks facilitates an automated approach to large-scale system design.
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE OF HERITAGE LANGUAGE LEARNERS: MOTIVATION, IDENTITY, LANGUAGE ATTITUDES, AND THE CURRICULUM 1

Heritage language learners (HLLs) differ from typical language students (L2s) in a variety of ways, including: 1) their language proficiencies; 2) their reasons for studying their home language in the formal setting of a foreign language classroom; 3) their perception of themselves as hyphenated Americans, or, if we use Kipling’s wording, as “we” and “they” at the same time. I will discuss the results of a national survey that demonstrate heritage language learners’ intrinsically intercultural attitude toward their heritage language. I will also focus on the specific pedagogical implications that the learners’ identities, motivations, and language perceptions can have for heritage language curriculum.
Photoenhanced toxicity of aqueous phase and chemically dispersed weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil to Pacific herring eggs and larvae

The photoenhanced toxicity of weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil (ANS) was investigated in the eggs and larvae of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) with and without the chemical dispersant Corexit® 9527. Oil alone was acutely toxic to larvae at aqueous concentrations below 50 μg/L total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (tPAH), and median lethal (LC50s) and effective concentrations (EC50s) decreased with time after initial oil exposure. Brief exposure to sunlight (∼2.5 h/d for 2 d) significantly increased toxicity 1.5‐ to 48‐fold over control lighting. Photoenhanced toxicity only occurred when oil was present in larval tissue and increased with increasing tPAH concentration in tissue. Ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) treatments were less potent than natural sunlight, and UVA + sunlight caused greater toxicity than sunlight alone. The toxicity of chemically dispersed oil was similar to oil alone in control and UVA treatments, but oil + dispersant was significantly more toxic in the sunlight treatments. The chemical dispersant appeared to accelerate PAH dissolution into the aqueous phase, resulting in more rapid toxicity. In oil + dispersant exposures, the 96‐h no‐observed‐effect concentrations in the UVA + sunlight treatment were 0.2 μg/L tPAH and 0.01 μg/g tPAH. Exposure of herring eggs to oil caused yolk sac edema, but eggs were not exposed to sun and UVA treatment did not cause phototoxicity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that weathered ANS is phototoxic and that UV can be a significant and causative factor in the mortality of early life stages of herring exposed to oil and chemically dispersed oil.
Research on Low-Voltage Ride-Through Technology of Doubly-Fed VSCF Wind Power Generation System

Currently, some of the variable speed wind turbine on market have some low-voltage through capacity¿LVRT¿, but do not have dynamic reactive power support capacity under fault. DFIG can’t provide dynamic voltage support, in addition, as a result of lower terminal voltage, active power can not be completely output, which has impact on safe and stable operation of power grid. Aimed at this problem, this paper discussed how to improve the reactive power support capacity during grid fault such as three-phase voltage dip fault and presented a improved LVRT technology. First¿the paper analyzed the transient responses and characteristics of DFIG under grid voltage fault and introduced several control strategies and protection programs of DFIG under voltage dip existing now¿then¿ based on the traditional control strategy¿the paper presented a transient voltage control strategy in rotor-side converter which can make DFIG output more reactive power to participate in the transient voltage control of whole grid during voltage dip in grid fault and during the recovery process after the fault to ensure that the terminal voltage of generator maintain the value before fault¿finally¿the EMTDC / PSCAD simulation showed that adopted transient voltage control strategy in rotor-side converter, the transient voltage control in rotor-side converter can output a large number of reactive power during fault according to the dip depth of terminal voltage to provide dynamic voltage support and insure the fast recovery of grid voltage.
Advanced Spectrum Management for the Downlink of WCDMA Systems using Genetic Algorithms

In this paper, we propose an advanced spectrum management approach for the downlink of WCDMA systems using genetic algorithms and the concept of coupling matrix, which is able to capture inter-cell interactions. Simulation results show that the proposed approach increases spectrum efficiency while guaranteeing the required QoS levels. Moreover, it allows releasing carriers in some cells, so that they could be eventually used by e.g. secondary cognitive radio users exploiting the flexible spectrum allocation and opportunistic spectrum access.