Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimal design of online PID controllers using model predictive control based on the group method of data handling-type neural networks

In this paper, model predictive control (MPC) is used for optimal selection of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller gains. In conventional tuning methods a history of response error of the system under control in the passed time is measured and used to adjust PID parameters in order to improve the performance of the system in proceeding time. But MPC obviates this characteristic of classic PID. In fact MPC tries to tune the controller by predicting the system's behaviour some time steps ahead. In this way, PID parameters are adjusted before any real error occurs in the system's response. For this purpose, polynomial meta-models based on the evolved group method of data handling neural networks are obtained to simply simulate the time response of the dynamic system. Moreover, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm has been used in a multi-objective Pareto optimisation to select the parameters of the MPC which are prediction horizon, control horizon and relation of weight of Δ u and error, to minimise simultaneously two objective functions that are control effort and integral time absolute error of the system response. The results mentioned at the end obviously declare that the proposed method surpasses conventional tuning methods for PID controllers, and Pareto optimal selection of predictive parameters also improves the performance of the introduced method.
A New Efficient Narrowband Active Noise Control System and its Performance Analysis

A new narrowband ANC system structure is proposed which requires only two reference signal filtering (x-filtering) blocks regardless of the number of targeted frequencies. The reference cosine or sine waves are combined, respectively, to form an input to an x-filtering block. The output of each x-filtering block is decomposed into filtered-x cosine or sine waves by a special bandpass filter bank. In this way, the computational cost of the system may be significantly reduced. Analysis of the new system is then provided and discussed in some detail. Analytical results reveal that the proposed system performs quite the same as its counterpart does while requiring considerably fewer multiplications. Modification to the proposed structure is also made to cope with the frequency mismatch (FM) in real-life applications. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system and its modified version, and as well as to confirm the validity of analysis.
[Escape mutants of hepatitis B virus].

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem worldwide. Considering HBV morbidity and mortality and the economic consequences . of this infection, policies and strategies to control it have been implemented, especially in regions where HBV infection is endemic, with high rates of vertical and horizontal infection. One of these strategies is the development of the recombinant vaccine. A 92% of the countries in the world have implemented the vaccine with a global coverage of 69%. The escape variants of HBV correspond to isolates with mutations in the sequence coding for the "a" determinant; these mutations result in changes in the amino acid sequence of the surface antigen (HBsAg) that prevent neutralization of viral particles by antibodies generated in response to vaccination or infection. The escape variants can infect vaccinated individuals and have been identified in the population of countries with different epidemiological patterns.
Sinusoidal modeling applied to spatially variant tropospheric ozone air pollution

This paper demonstrates how parsimonious models of sinusoidal functions can be used to fit spatially variant time series in which there is considerable variation of a periodic type. A typical shortcoming of such tools relates to the difficulty in capturing idiosyncratic variation in periodic models. The strategy developed here addresses this deficiency. While previous work has sought to overcome the shortcoming by augmenting sinusoids with other techniques, the present approach employs station‐specific sinusoids to supplement a common regional component, which succeeds in capturing local idiosyncratic behavior in a parsimonious manner. The experiments conducted herein reveal that a semi‐parametric approach enables such models to fit spatially varying time series with periodic behavior in a remarkably tight fashion. The methods are applied to a panel data set consisting of hourly air pollution measurements. The augmented sinusoidal models produce an excellent fit to these data at three different levels of spatial detail. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The voluntary intake of hay and silage by lactating cows in response to ruminal infusion of acetate or propionate, or both, with or without distension of the rumen by a balloon

In order to test the hypothesis that negative leedback signals from abdominal receptors are integrated in an additive manner in the control of voluntary food intake, cows with rumen fistulas were given intraruminal infusions of sodium acetate or sodium propionate, cr both, with or without distension of the rumen by balloon. Intakes were monitored during the 3 h experimental period and for 2 h after and samples of rumen fluid were taken for estimation of short-chain fatty acid concentrations and osmolality. Six cows in mid-lactation were fed on hay and concentrates and given, into the rumen. 5.5 mol sodium acetate, 5.2 mol sodium propionate and 7.51 of distension. Compared with the control (water infusion), neither acetate, propionate nor distension significantly depressed hay intake when given separately. When given in combination, however, the following significantly depressed intake during the 3 h treatment period: propionate + distension, acetate + distension, acetate + propionate + distension. Seven cows in early lactation were fed on silage and concentrates and given, into the rumen, 9.0 mol sodium acetate, 4.0 mol sodium propionate and 10.0 litres of distension. Again, none of the three given alone depressed silage intake to a significant extent during the 3 h treatment period, whereas the following combinations had a significant effect: propionate + distension, acetate + distension, acetate + propionate + distension. Basal rumen osmolalities were similar for the two types of feed but infusion of the sodium salts caused a very much greater increase with silage than with hay. The results are discussed with regard to the implications for our understanding of the control of voluntary intake and the likely role of chemo-, osmo- and mechano-receptors.
Transition between Stochastic Evolution and Deterministic Evolution in the Presence of Selection: General Theory and Application to Virology

SUMMARY We present here a self-contained analytic review of the role of stochastic factors acting on a virus population. We develop a simple one-locus, two-allele model of a haploid population of constant size including the factors of random drift, purifying selection, and random mutation. We consider different virological experiments: accumulation and reversion of deleterious mutations, competition between mutant and wild-type viruses, gene fixation, mutation frequencies at the steady state, divergence of two populations split from one population, and genetic turnover within a single population. In the first part of the review, we present all principal results in qualitative terms and illustrate them with examples obtained by computer simulation. In the second part, we derive the results formally from a diffusion equation of the Wright-Fisher type and boundary conditions, all derived from the first principles for the virus population model. We show that the leading factors and observable behavior of evolution differ significantly in three broad intervals of population size, N. The “neutral limit” is reached when N is smaller than the inverse selection coefficient. When N is larger than the inverse mutation rate per base, selection dominates and evolution is “almost” deterministic. If the selection coefficient is much larger than the mutation rate, there exists a broad interval of population sizes, in which weakly diverse populations are almost neutral while highly diverse populations are controlled by selection pressure. We discuss in detail the application of our results to human immunodeficiency virus population in vivo, sampling effects, and limitations of the model.
SPECIES RICHNESS WITHIN FAMILIES OF FLOWERING PLANTS

Variation in species and genus richness among families of flowering plants was examined with respect to four classification variables: geographical distribution, growth form, pollination mode, and dispersal mode. Previous studies have estimated rates of species proliferation from age and contemporary diversity. Here we found that the earliest appearances in the fossil record are correlated with contemporary familial species richness, abundance in the fossil record, and the independent variables considered in this analysis. Thus, we believe that the fossil record does not provide reasonable estimates of the ages of families and that the rate of species proliferation cannot be calculated from such data without bias. Accordingly, our subsequent analyses were based on contemporary species richness of families. Although the classification variables were interrelated, each made largely independent contributions to familial species richness. Cosmopolitan families were 5.6 times more species‐rich than strictly tropical families and 35 times more species‐rich than strictly temperate families. Families including both herbaceous and woody growth forms were 5.7 and 14 times more species‐rich than families with either growth form alone. Although animal pollination was significantly associated with elevated familial species richness, the effect was statistically weak. The most prominent effect was that families with both abiotic and biotic dispersal had more than 10 times as many species as families with either dispersal mode alone. Our analyses also revealed that families having both dispersal modes were more likely to have several growth forms, suggesting that evolutionary flexibility of morphology may be generalized over diverse aspects of life history. These results do not support the idea that pollination and dispersal by animals were primarily responsible for the tremendous proliferation of angiosperm species, either by producing population structures conducive to speciation or by applying selection for diversification. Instead, the importance of varied dispersal mode, growth form, and climate zone in predicting high familial species richness suggests that a capacity to diversify morphologically and physiologically may have been primarily responsible for high rates of species proliferation in the flowering plants.
Functional verification of the IBM System z10 processor chipset

This paper describes the comprehensive verification effort of the IBM System z10™ processor chipset, which consists of the z10™ quad-core central processor chip and the companion z10 symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) chip. The z10 processor chipset represented a significant redesign of its predecessor and thus presented a new challenge to ensure complete functional correctness of the product before the construction of actual system hardware. The z10 microprocessor pipeline was completely redesigned to support a doubling of the operating frequency. It also includes new hardware performance features, such as enhanced branch prediction, a reoptimized cache hierarchy, hardware-based prefetching, and a hardware implementation of decimal floating-point arithmetic in IEEE formats. In addition, there were significant hardware changes in the SMP storage hierarchy for optimized data latency performance. These changes include a new system topology, interprocessor book protocol, larger SMP size, and various aggressive cache ownership schemes. Key verification innovations are described, and a direct relationship to improved z10 system quality is provided for most cases.
Epidemiology of Alzheimer's disease: occurrence, determinants, and strategies toward intervention

More than 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia, most suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In both developed and developing nations, Alzheimer's disease has had tremendous impact on the affected individuals, caregivers, and society. The etiological factors, other than older age and genetic susceptibility, remain to be determined. Nevertheless, increasing evidence strongly points to the potential risk roles of vascular risk factors and disorders (eg, cigarette smoking, midlife high blood pressure and obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular lesions) and the possible beneficial roles of psychosocial factors (eg, high education, active social engagement, physical exercise, and mentally stimulating activity) in the pathogenetic process and clinical manifestation of the dementing disorders. The long-term multidomain interventions toward the optimal control of multiple vascular risk factors and the maintenance of socially integrated lifestyles and mentally stimulating activities are expected to reduce the risk or postpone the clinical onset of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.
Got Milk? A Look at Breastfeeding from an African American Perspective

When you think of health disparities, what comes to mind? Hypertension? Diabetes? Cardiovascular disease? Infant mortality? Certain cancers? Infant feeding? Yes, you read correctly, infant feeding. Unfortunately, health disparities are not limited only to certain diseases. Currently, there is a large infant feeding disparity in the African American community compared to other racial/ethnic communities. While the World Health Organization has identified breastfeeding as an effective and efficient way to provide nutrition to growing infants and children around the world, African American women are initiating breastfeeding at much lower rates than their Caucasian, Asian, and Latino counterparts. Breastfeeding supports the neurological and immunological health and well-being of infants by providing valuable nutrients and antibodies to their developing systems (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP] Work Group on Breastfeeding et al., 2005). Infants who are breastfed are less likely to develop infections, obesity, diabetes, or celiac disease (Kramer & Kakuma, 2002). However, the benefits are not only physiological; maternal-infant bonding is influenced greatly by the frequency and duration of breastfeeding early in the postpartum period; and lactating mothers can expect longand short-term benefits from breastfeeding their infants. While breast milk is considered the gold standard of infant feeding in the United States, racial disparity in breastfeeding initiation and continuation are not as well known. The national breastfeeding average is 74%; however, the lowest prevalence is among African American mothers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2007). In the most recent Breastfeeding
Ontology-Based Protein-Protein Interactions Extraction from Literature Using the Hidden Vector State Model

This paper proposes a novel framework of incorporating protein-protein interactions (PPI) ontology knowledge into PPI extraction from biomedical literature in order to address the emerging challenges of deep natural language understanding. It is built upon the existing work on relation extraction using the hidden vector state (HVS) model. The HVS model belongs to the category of statistical learning methods. It can be trained directly from un-annotated data in a constrained way whilst at the same time being able to capture the underlying named entity relationships. However, it is difficult to incorporate background knowledge or non-local information into the HVS model. This paper proposes to represent the HVS model as a conditionally trained undirected graphical model in which non-local features derived from PPI ontology through inference would be easily incorporated. The seamless fusion of ontology inference with statistical learning produces a new paradigm to information extraction.
Reading and Writing without Authority.

This paper will define paternalism and discuss its justification. Paternalism is the action of one person interfering with another person's actions or thoughts to help him. The person who interferes, called the paternalist, breaks moral rules of independency because he restricts the other person's freedom without that person's consent. He does it, however, in a fatherly, benevolent way, and assumes that the person being restrained will appreciate the action later.
Rank : Non-Linear Object Detection

Branch&rank is an object detection scheme that overcomes the inherent limitation of branch&bound: this method works with arbitrary (classifier) functions whereas tight bounds exist only for simple functions. Objects are usually detected with less than 100 classifier evaluation, which paves the way for using strong (and thus costly) classifiers: We utilize non-linear SVMs with RBF-χ2 kernels without a cascade-like approximation. Our approach features three key components: a ranking function that operates on sets of hypotheses and a grouping of these into different tasks. Detection efficiency results from adaptively sub-dividing the object search space into decreasingly smaller sets. This is inherited from branch&bound, while the ranking function supersedes a tight bound which is often unavailable (except for too simple function classes). The grouping makes the system effective: it separates image classification from object recognition, yet combines them in a single, structured SVM formulation. A novel aspect of branch&rank is that a better ranking function is expected to decrease the number of classifier calls during detection. We demonstrate the algorithmic properties using the VOC’07 dataset.
The Visual Cliff Revisited : A Virtual Presence Study on Locomotion 1 -

This paper presents a study on the influence of locomotion technique on presence in immersive virtual environments (VE). It is a largely extended study to an experiment conducted by Slater (1995) with groups of subjects who explore a virtual environment either by hand navigation or by walking in place, i.e. reproducing naturalistic movements similar to real walking. Naturalistic is considered here to be actions that maintain the proprioceptive/sensory data loop – the (proprioceptive) movements of the body are congruent with the (sensory) optic flow data as the participant is translated in VE. We replicate this experiment adding an additional group who move through the VE by actually walking. We provide a comparison with the original study as well as an enhanced analysis using new criteria.
Utilizing the Optimization Algorithm in Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter

This paper proposed the elimination of undesired harmonic in a Cascaded H-Bridge Multi-Level Inverter by using Selective Harmonic Elimination-Pulse Width Modulation strategy with programmed Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. In Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation technique, PSO algorithim is used to determine the non-linear transcendental equation to precise obligatory switching angles for eliminate low order harmonics and reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion from the inverter output voltage waveform while maintaining the required fundamental voltage at the desired value. Computational results are validate that the proposed method does competently eliminate the low order harmonics and also resulted in minimum Total Harmonic Distortion value. The results exposed that the proposed method can achieve efficaciously to the optimal solution more rapidly than other algorithms. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v13i3. 7132
The Association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) with Crohn’s disease is a controversial issue. M. paratuberculosis is detected by amplifying the IS900 gene, as microbial culture is unreliable from humans. We determined the presence of M. paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 22), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 20), aphthous ulcers (n = 21) and controls (n = 42) using PCR assays validated on bovine tissue. Culture from human tissue was also performed. M. paratuberculosis prevalence in the CD and UC groups was compared to the prevalence in age and sex matched non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Patients and controls were determined to be M. paratuberculosis positive if all three PCR assays were positive. A significant association was found between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s disease (p = 0.02) that was not related to age, gender, place of birth, smoking or alcohol intake. No significant association was detected between M. paratuberculosis and UC or aphthous ulcers; however, one M. paratuberculosis isolate was successfully cultured from a patient with UC. We report the resistance of this isolate to ethambutol, rifampin, clofazamine and streptomycin. Interestingly this isolate could not only survive but could grow slowly at 5°C. We demonstrate a significant association between M. paratuberculosis and CD using multiple pre-validated PCR assays and that M. paratuberculosis can be isolated from patients with UC.
Purification of a cortical complex containing two unconventional actins from Acanthamoeba by affinity chromatography on profilin-agarose

We identified four polypeptides of 47, 44, 40, and 35 kD that bind to profilin-Sepharose and elute with high salt. When purified by conventional chromatography using an antibody to the 47-kD polypeptide, these four polypeptides copurified as a stoichiometric complex together with three additional polypeptides of 19, 18, and 13 kD that varied in their proportions to the other polypeptides. Partial protein sequences showed that the 47-kD polypeptide is a homologue of S. pombe act2 and the 44-kD polypeptide is a homologue of S. cerevisiae ACT2, both unconventional actins. The 40-kD polypeptide contains a sequence similar to the WD40 motif of the G beta subunit of a trimeric G-protein from Dictyostelium discoideum. From partial sequences, the 35-, 19-, and 18-kD polypeptides appear to be novel proteins. On gel filtration the complex of purified polypeptides cochromatograph with a Stokes' radius of 4.8 nm, a value consistent with a globular particle of 220 kD containing one copy of each polypeptide. Cell extracts also contain components of the complex that do not bind the profilin column. Affinity purified antibodies localize 47- and 18/19-kD polypeptides in the cortex and filopodia of Acanthamoeba. Antibodies to the 47-kD unconventional actin cross-react on immunoblots with polypeptides of similar size in Dictyostelium, rabbit muscle, and conventional preparations of rabbit muscle actin but do not react with actin.