Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Noise as Information for Illiquidity

We propose a broad measure of liquidity for the overall financial market by exploiting its connection with the amount of arbitrage capital in the market and the potential impact on price deviations in US Treasurys. When arbitrage capital is abundant, we expect the arbitrage forces to smooth out the Treasury yield curve and keep the dispersion low. During market crises, the shortage of arbitrage capital leaves the yields to move more freely relative to the curve, resulting in more "noise. '' As such, noise in the Treasury market can be informative and we expect this information about liquidity to reflect the broad market conditions because of the central importance of the Treasury market and its low intrinsic noise -- high liquidity and low credit risk. Indeed, we find that our "noise'' measure captures episodes of liquidity crises of different origins and magnitudes and is also related to other known liquidity proxies. Moreover, using it as a priced risk factor helps explain cross-sectional returns on hedge funds and currency carry trades, both known to be sensitive to the general liquidity conditions of the market.
Field‐quantified responses of tropical rainforest aboveground productivity to increasing CO2 and climatic stress, 1997–2009

A directional change in tropical‐forest productivity, a large component in the global carbon budget, would affect the rate of increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide ([CO2]). One current hypothesis is that “CO2 fertilization” has been increasing tropical forest productivity. Some lines of evidence instead suggest climate‐driven productivity declines. Relevant direct field observations remain extremely limited for this biome. Using a unique long‐term record of annual field measurements, we assessed annual aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its relation to climatic factors and [CO2] in a neotropical rainforest through 1997–2009. Over this 12 year period, annual productivity did not increase, as would be expected with a dominant CO2 fertilization effect. Instead, the negative responses of ANPP components to climatic stress far exceeded the small positive responses associated with increasing [CO2]. Annual aboveground biomass production was well explained (73%) by the independent negative effects of increasing minimum temperatures and greater dry‐season water stress. The long‐term records enable a first field‐based estimate of the [CO2] response of tropical forest ANPP: 5.24 g m−2 yr−1 yr−1 (the summed [CO2]‐associated increases in two of the four production components; the largest component, leaf litterfall, showed no [CO2] association). If confirmed by longer data series, such a small response from a fertile tropical rainforest would indicate that current global models overestimate the benefits from CO2 fertilization for this biome, where most forests' poorer nutrient status more strongly constrains productivity responses to increasing [CO2]. Given the rapidly intensifying warming across tropical regions, tropical forest productivity could sharply decline through coming decades.
Time-energy design space exploration for multi-layer memory architectures

This paper presents an exploration algorithm which examines execution time and energy consumption of a given application, while considering a parameterized memory architecture. The input to our algorithm is an application given as an annotated task graph and a specification of a multi-layer memory architecture. The algorithm produces Pareto trade-off points representing different multi-objective execution options for the whole application. Different metrics are used to estimate parameters for application-level Pareto points obtained by merging all Pareto diagrams of the tasks composing the application. We estimate application execution time although the final scheduling is not yet known. The algorithm makes it possible to trade off the quality of the results and its runtime depending on the used metrics and the number of levels in the hierarchical composition of the tasks' Pareto points. We have evaluated our algorithm on a medical image processing application and randomly generated task graphs. We have shown that our algorithm can explore huge design space and obtain (near) optimal results in terms of Pareto diagram quality.
Behaviroal design and strategy for cooperative multiple-biomimetic-robot-fish system

The research on coordination of multiple biomimetic robot fish is focused on basic theory and key technology for systematic control and cooperation of future multiple underwater robots. By employing the behavior-based approach presented in this paper, many coordinate tasks can be achieved efficiently. Taking account of the motional characteristics of the fish and its environment, six primitive behaviors are introduced and the corresponding mechanism for behavior selection is designed. Coordinate motions of the fish are then accomplished by means of behavior based strategies involving role assignments, behavior selection and role transition. Two experiments of passing-hole and pushing-ball primarily show the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach
KDX : An Indexer for Support Vector Machines Navneet Panda

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been adopted by many dat a-mining and information-retrieval applications for learning a mining or query concept, and then retrie ving the “top-k” best matches to the concept. However, when the dataset is large, naively scanning the entire datas et to find the top matches is not scalable. In this work, we propose a kernel indexing strategy to substantially prun e the search space and thus improve the performance of top-k queries. Ourkernel indexer(KDX) takes advantage of the underlying geometric properties an d quickly converges on an approximate set of topk instances of interest. More importantly, once the kernel (e .g., Gaussian kernel) has been selected and the indexer has been construct ed, the indexer can work with different kernel-parameter settings (e.g., γ andσ) without performance compromise. Through theoretical ana ysis, and empirical studies on a wide variety of datasets, we demonstrate KDX to be very effective. An earlier version of this paper appeared in the 2005 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining [24]. This version differs from the previous submission in • providing a detailed cost analysis under different scenari os, specifically designed to meet the varying needs of accuracy, speed and space requirements, • developing an approach for insertion and deletion of instan ces, • presenting the specific computations as well as the geometri c properties used in performing the same, and • providing detailed algorithms for each of the operations ne cessary to create and use the index structure.
Draft Genome Sequence of Neurospora crassa Strain FGSC 73

ABSTRACT We report the elucidation of the complete genome of the Neurospora crassa (Shear and Dodge) strain FGSC 73, a mat-a, trp-3 mutant strain. The genome sequence around the idiotypic mating type locus represents the only publicly available sequence for a mat-a strain. 40.42 Megabases are assembled into 358 scaffolds carrying 11,978 gene models.
Trichrome vitiligo in segmental type

Trichrome vitiligo consists of an intermediate zone of hypopigmentation located between the depigmentation center and the normal unaffected skin. Previously, trichrome vitiligo was described in non‐segmental vitiligo. Here, we report two cases of trichrome vitiligo that showed a poor response to phototherapy or systemic steroid. These findings suggest that trichrome vitiligo in segmental type seems to be an active lesion resistant to medical treatment.
Performance Analysis and Prediction in Educational Data Mining: A Research Travelogue

In this era of computerization, education has also revamped itself and is not limited to old lecture method. The regular quest is on to find out new ways to make it more effective and efficient for students. Nowadays, lots of data is collected in educational databases, but it remains unutilized. In order to get required benefits from such a big data, powerful tools are required. Data mining is an emerging powerful tool for analysis and prediction. It is successfully applied in the area of fraud detection, advertising, marketing, loan assessment and prediction. But, it is in nascent stage in the field of education. Considerable amount of work is done in this direction, but still there are many untouched areas. Moreover, there is no unified approach among these researches. This paper presents a comprehensive survey, a travelogue (2002-2014) towards educational data mining and its scope in future.
The detrimental impact of negative Celsius temperature on ultra-low-voltage CMOS logic

Ultra-low-voltage operation efficiently reduces energy consumption of digital circuits. However, subthreshold MOSFET behavior completely modifies the impact of process, voltage and temperature variations. This paper demonstrates that negative Celsius temperatures are highly detrimental to ultra-low-voltage logic, even more than process variations. We experimentally confirm in 65nm CMOS that −40°C operation dramatically increases the delay by 5.3× at 0.4V. Moreover, we report for the first time that negative temperature almost doubles delay sensitivity against voltage and process variations at ultra-low voltage. This worsens cycle time margins and induces dangerous timing uncertainties. Negative temperature is thus a major concern for ultra-low-voltage circuits.
The effects of evaluative stress on body dissatisfaction in binge eating disorder

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes in the absence of compensatory behavior. Contrary to the diagnostic criteria of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, overvaluation of shape or weight is not a diagnostic requirement for BED. However, a substantial number of studies using self-report questionnaires indicate that overvaluation of shape and weight is also existent in women with BED (e.g., Striegel-Moore et al., 1998; Wilfley et al., 2000). Furthermore, research highlights the importance of body dissatisfaction and overvaluation of shape and weight in the maintenance of BED (e.g., Masheb & Grilo, 2008; Stein et al., 2007). Therefore, there is a need for research identifying precursors of body-related pathology in BED in order to enhance the development of effective treatments.
Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial.

CONTEXT Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately. OBJECTIVE To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Twelve-month randomized trial conducted in the United States from February 2003 to October 2005 among 311 free-living, overweight/obese (body mass index, 27-40) nondiabetic, premenopausal women. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned to follow the Atkins (n = 77), Zone (n = 79), LEARN (n = 79), or Ornish (n = 76) diets and received weekly instruction for 2 months, then an additional 10-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight loss at 12 months was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), percentage of body fat, waist-hip ratio, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and blood pressure. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 12. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing. RESULTS Weight loss was greater for women in the Atkins diet group compared with the other diet groups at 12 months, and mean 12-month weight loss was significantly different between the Atkins and Zone diets (P<.05). Mean 12-month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, -4.7 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.3 to -3.1 kg), Zone, -1.6 kg (95% CI, -2.8 to -0.4 kg), LEARN, -2.6 kg (-3.8 to -1.3 kg), and Ornish, -2.2 kg (-3.6 to -0.8 kg). Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. At 12 months, secondary outcomes for the Atkins group were comparable with or more favorable than the other diet groups. CONCLUSIONS In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone diet, and had experienced comparable or more favorable metabolic effects than those assigned to the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets [corrected] While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00079573.
Spontaneous pneumothorax associated with ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE To review the incidence and clinical characteristics of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Chest radiographs and medical records of patients with a diagnosis of AS from 1993 to 2003 in a tertiary referral centre were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 1028 patients with a diagnosis of AS were identified from July 1993 to July 2003. Twenty-two patients had typical apical lung fibrotic changes in the chest radiographs (22/1028, 2.1%). Three of these patients (3/22, 13.6%) with lung disease had pneumothorax. Two patients had recurrences and received video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) on the second attack. The third patient received talc pleurodesis on the first attack and did not have a recurrence. The incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with AS was 0.29% (3/1028) with an incidence density of 64.85/100,000 patient-yr (95% confidence interval: 66.17-63.57/100,000). CONCLUSION Spontaneous pneumothorax appears to be exceedingly rare in AS unless there is an underlying fibrocystic lung disease, in which case its occurrence is not uncommon. Cigarette smoking may be an important co-factor. Once developed, recurrences are common even after treatment. Prophylactic procedures should thus be considered for the first attack of spontaneous pneumothorax.
Distinguishing uncertain objects with multiple features for crowdsensing

The development of the smartphones with various sensors, and powerful capabilities (computing, storage, and communication), motivates a popular computing and sensing paradigm, crowdsensing. In general, in crowdsensing, the smart-phones sense and collect the sensory data from a large number of smartphone users, for distinguishing the uncertain objects. However, some existing solutions for crowdsensing usually prefer to utilize only one or few features to distinguish the uncertain objects. In this paper, due to the limitation of less features, we propose to utilize multiple features to distinguish the uncertain objects for crowdsensing. For distinguishing uncertain objects with multiple features, we propose to utilize KL divergence based clustering. Moreover, we introduce two other mutated forms, the symmetry KL divergence and Jensen-Shannon KL divergence, to improve our algorithm. We evaluate our proposed schemes with real data of multiple features, which are collected by the smartphones with the sensors.
Towards Root Cause Analysis of Internet Routing Dynamics

The lack of a good understanding of the dynamics of interdomain routing has made efforts to address BGP’s shortcomings a black art. To gain more insight into these dynamics, we need to answer two questions: What is the cause of a routing change? Where does a routing change originate? This paper proposes the design of a BGP health inferencing system that answers these questions by observing routing updates from multiple vantage points and inferring the type and location of an event that triggers a routing change. To build such a system, we solve two basic problems: (a) classify route updates into groups of correlated routing changes where all route updates in a group are triggered by the same event, (b) given the set of routing changes for an event, determine the location and the cause of the event. By analyzing route updates from Routeviews and RIPE for over months, we found that our approach can pinpoint the location where an update is triggered to a single inter-AS link in over 70% of observed updates. We found that the majority of updates are caused by a relatively small number of unstable links. In addition, 25% of prefixes are persistently unstable, causing 20% of all updates observed. Routes through the Internet core usually reconverge quickly after events, while an event taking place at the network edge is 9 times more likely to cause a long-term route change. We validated our approach by showing it can detect a variety of well-known events, namely: (a) session resets recorded in the NANOG mailing list; (b) routing problems within ISPs; (c) location of BGP Beacons. In addition, our inference methodology is able to detect several routing problems not publicly known. In summary, we believe that our health inference system is a first step towards forming a better understanding of inter-domain routing dynamics.
Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND When administered in conjunction with primary coronary stenting for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor may provide additional clinical benefit, but data on this combination therapy are limited. METHODS We randomly assigned 300 patients with acute myocardial infarction in a double-blind fashion either to abciximab plus stenting (149 patients) or placebo plus stenting (151 patients) before they underwent coronary angiography. Clinical outcomes were evaluated 30 days and 6 months after the procedure. The angiographic patency of the infarct-related vessel and the left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated at 24 hours and 6 months. RESULTS At 30 days, the primary end point--a composite of death, reinfarction, or urgent revascularization of the target vessel--had occurred in 6.0 percent of the patients in the abciximab group, as compared with 14.6 percent of those in the placebo group (P=0.01); at 6 months, the corresponding figures were 7.4 percent and 15.9 percent (P=0.02). The better clinical outcomes in the abciximab group were related to the greater frequency of grade 3 coronary flow (according to the classification of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial) in this group than in the placebo group before the procedure (16.8 percent vs. 5.4 percent, P=0.01), immediately afterward (95.1 percent vs. 86.7 percent, P=0.04), and six months afterward (94.3 percent vs. 82.8 percent, P=0.04). One major bleeding event occurred in the abciximab group (0.7 percent); none occurred in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS As compared with placebo, early administration of abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction improves coronary patency before stenting, the success rate of the stenting procedure, the rate of coronary patency at six months, left ventricular function, and clinical outcomes.
Multishot codes for network coding: Bounds and a multilevel construction

The subspace channel was introduced by Koetter and Kschischang as an adequate model for the communication channel from the source node to a sink node of a multicast network that performs random linear network coding. So far, attention has been given to one-shot subspace codes, that is, codes that use the subspace channel only once. In contrast, this paper explores the idea of using the subspace channel more than once and investigates the so called multishot subspace codes. We present definitions for the problem, a motivating example, lower and upper bounds for the size of codes, and a multilevel construction of codes based on block-coded modulation.
Event-triggered networked predictive controller design for linear systems with communication delay

This paper is concerned with the controller design for networked control systems (NCSs). A novel event-triggered networked predictive control scheme is proposed to compensate for the network-induced delay and save network bandwidth. The closed-loop system is modeled as a switched system with time-varying delay. By constructing a common Lyapunov function, a sufficient stability condition is derived and presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In order to prove the validity of the proposed method, both a simulation and an experiment are carried out. Both simulation results and experimental results show that this method can compensate for the network-induced delay actively and reduce the burden of the network significantly.
Graph Based Content Delivery in Mobile Social Networks

Due to the rapid increase of mobile user population and the dynamical change of network topology in mobile social networks (MSNs), how to efficiently deliver content among mobile social users becomes a new challenge. In this paper, an incentive content delivery mechanism based on the weighted directed graph is proposed to encourage users to obtain and provide content in the MSNs. Specifically, firstly we introduce a weighted directed graph to study the features of obtaining and providing content among mobile social users. Secondly, based on the social features including the average closeness and vertex betweenness, we present the sealed-bid auction based incentive mechanism to overcome selfish behavior and efficiently deliver content in the MSNs. Finally, with a real dataset numerical experiments are carried out to prove that the proposal can accurately show the properties of the MSNs and can be efficient for content delivery.
The role of cell cycle in retinal development: Cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors co‐ordinate cell‐cycle inhibition, cell‐fate determination and differentiation in the developing retina †

The mature retina is formed through multi‐step developmental processes, including eye field specification, optic vesicle evagination, and cell‐fate determination. Co‐ordination of these developmental events with cell‐proliferative activity is essential to achieve formation of proper retinal structure and function. In particular, the molecular and cellular dynamics of the final cell cycle significantly influence the identity that a cell acquires, since cell fate is largely determined at the final cell cycle for the production of postmitotic cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of the cellular mechanisms that underlie the co‐ordination of cell‐cycle and cell‐fate determination, and also describes a molecular role of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) as co‐ordinators of cell‐cycle arrest, cell‐fate determination and differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 239:727–736, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.