Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-World Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Remission in a U.S. Insured Population Using a Large Administrative Claims Database

Objective A 2021 international consensus statement defined type 2 diabetes remission as A1C <6.5% measured at least 3 months after cessation of glucose-lowering therapy. We aimed to investigate whether retrospective claims-based data can assess remission based on this definition, whether three increasingly strict alternative definitions affect the prevalence of remission and characteristics of remission cohorts, and how cohorts with and without sufficient data to assess for remission differ. Research design and methods We used de-identified administrative claims from commercially insured and Medicare Advantage members, enriched with laboratory values, to assess diabetes remission. We used alternative glycemic, temporal, and pharmacologic criteria to assess the sensitivity of remission definitions to changes in claims-based logic. Results Among 524,076 adults with type 2 diabetes, 185,285 (35.4%) had insufficient additional laboratory and/or enrollment data to assess for remission. While more likely to be younger, these individuals had similar initial A1C values and geographical distribution as the 338,791 (64.6%) assessed for remission. Of those assessed for remission, 10,694 (3.2%) met the 2021 consensus statement definition. The proportion of individuals meeting the three alternative definitions ranged from 0.8 to 2.3%. Across all criteria, those meeting the remission definition were more likely to be female, had a lower initially observed A1C, and had a higher prevalence of bariatric surgery. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of laboratory-value enriched claims-based assessments of type 2 diabetes remission. Establishing stable claims-based markers of remission can enable population assessments of diabetes remission and evaluate the association between remission and clinical outcomes.
Fractal control boundaries of driven oscillators and their relevance to safe engineering design

When a metastable, damped oscillator is driven by strong periodic forcing, the catchment basin of constrained motions in the space of the starting conditions {x(0),ẋ(0)} develops a fractal boundary associated with a homoclinic tangling of the governing invariant manifolds. The four-dimensional basin in the phase-control space spanned by {x(0), ẋ)(0), F, ω}, where F is the magnitude and ω the frequency of the excitation, will likewise acquire a fractal boundary, and we here explore the engineering significance of the control cross section corresponding, for example, to x(0) = ẋ(0) = 0. The fractal boundary in this section is a failure locus for a mechanical or electrical system subjected, while resting in its ambient equilibrium state, to a sudden pulse of excitation. We assess here the relative magnitude of the uncertainties implied by this fractal structure for the optimal escape from a universal cubic potential well. Absolute and transient basins are examined, giving control-space maps analogous to familiar pictures of the Mandelbrot set. Generalizing from this prototype study, it is argued that in engineering design, against boat capsize or earthquake damage, for example, a study of safe basins should augment, and perhaps entirely replace, conventional analysis of the steady-state attracting solutions.
Distributed-Delay-Dependent Stabilization for Networked Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems With Stochastic Delay and Actuator Saturation

In this article, a distributed-delay-dependent method is proposed to deal with the stabilization for interval type-2 Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems subject to stochastic network delay and actuator saturation. To deal with the stochastic feature of network-induced delays, their probability density function is utilized to establish the distributed delay model, which is more practical than the traditional time-varying network delay model. Meanwhile, in order to enlarge the estimation of the domain of attraction, a polytopic strategy composed of a state vector and a distributed-delay-dependent vector is proposed to treat the saturation nonlinearity. By constructing a distributed-delay-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, new and less conservative conditions are achieved to guarantee the stability of the established closed-loop system. Additionally, two simulation examples are carried out to illustrate the advantages of the proposed strategy.
Some improvements concerning the modelling of the cathodic zone of an electric arc (ion incidence on electron emission and the 'cooling effect')

An accurate numerical calculation of the electron emission using the Numerov integration method of the Schrodinger eigenvalue equation is presented. Such a calculation eliminating the WKB approximation and the use of elliptic functions can give the corrections that have to be applied to the well-known Fowler - Nordheim [1] or Murphy and Good results [2]. Because the very intense electron emission that takes place in the cathode spot is greatly affected by those corrections, we give the results of the calculation of the Nottingham effect, which plays an important role in the energy balance equation at the cathode surface. Finally, an exploratory study is presented on the influence of ions within a distance of a few tens of angstrom units in front of the cathode surface on electron emission.
Vaccine-Related Autoimmune Hepatitis: Emerging Association with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Coincidence?

Background: There is an increasing number of liver injury cases resembling autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; however, an association has not yet been established. Methods/Materials: A literature review was performed to identify articles regarding the association of AIH with vaccination, emphasizing on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the proposed mechanisms. We then performed a literature search for AIH-like cases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and we evaluated the included cases for AIH diagnosis using simplified diagnostic criteria (SDC), and for vaccination causality using the Naranjo score for adverse drug reactions. Results: We identified 51 AIH-like cases following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Forty cases (80%) were characterized as “probable”, “at least probable”, or “definite” for AIH diagnosis according to SDC. Forty cases (78.4%) were characterized as “probable”, four (7.8%) as “possible”, and three (5.8%) as “definite” for vaccine-related AIH according to the Naranjo score. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related AIH carries several phenotypes and, although most cases resolve, immunosuppressive therapy seems to be necessary. Early diagnosis is mandatory and should be considered in any patient with acute or chronic hepatitis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, especially in those with pre-existing liver disease.
Improved Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer Tropical Cyclone Surface Winds in Heavy Precipitation

AbstractSurface wind speeds retrieved from airborne stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) brightness temperature measurements are important for estimating hurricane intensity. The SFMR performance is highly reliable at hurricane-force wind speeds, but accuracy is found to degrade at weaker wind speeds, particularly in heavy precipitation. Specifically, a significant overestimation of surface wind speeds is found in these conditions, suggesting inaccurate accounting for the impact of rain on the measured microwave brightness temperature. In this study, the wind speed bias is quantified over a broad range of operationally computed wind speeds and rain rates, based on a large sample of collocated SFMR wind retrievals and global positioning system dropwindsonde surface-adjusted wind speeds. The retrieval bias is addressed by developing a new SFMR C-band relationship between microwave absorption and rain rate (κ−R) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft tail Doppler radar r.
Dynamic Analysis and Path Planning of a Turtle-Inspired Amphibious Spherical Robot

A dynamic path-planning algorithm based on a general constrained optimization problem (GCOP) model and a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method with sensor input is proposed in this paper. In an unknown underwater space, the turtle-inspired amphibious spherical robot (ASR) can realise the path-planning control movement and achieve collision avoidance. Due to the special underwater environments, thrusters and diamond parallel legs (DPLs) are installed in the lower hemisphere to realise accurate motion control. A propulsion model for a novel water-jet thruster based on experimental analysis and a modified Denavit–Hartenberg (MDH) algorithm are developed for multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) to realize high-precision and high-speed motion control. Simulations and experiments verify that the effectiveness of the GCOP and SQP algorithms can realize reasonable path planning and make it possible to improve the flexibility of underwater movement with a small estimation error.
Alcohol Consumption in the Specific Socio-Professional Context of the French Public Service: Qualitative Study Protocol

Alcohol, a psychoactive substance with addictive potential, has major consequences on the population and public health. In France, alcohol use disorder affects approximately 3.5 million people, and 41,000 persons died in 2015. Alcohol consumption is significantly correlated to the workplace. Thus, the workplace is an area of opportunity to change risky behaviors and must play a key role in the prevention of alcohol misuse. To do this, it is essential to understand the consumption framework and to identify specific environmental risk factors. This qualitative study aims to describe the framework of alcohol consumption in the French public service. A focus group will be organized in France from November to January 2023. The participants will be: (i) representatives of the Local Health Insurance; (ii) over 18 years old; (iii) active or retired civil servants; (iv) mutualist activists; and (v) representatives of the Union of Health Prevention for the Obligatory System of the Public Service. The exclusion criteria for the study will be: (i) lack of consent form; (ii) inability to participate in the focus group, and (iii) early departure during the focus group. The focus groups will be supervised by two researchers following an interview guide. The data will be analyzed using the methodological framework, which consists in carrying out a thematic analysis. This will allow for an understanding of the sources of usage behaviors, and the identification of the most appropriate intervention functions for suitable prevention actions in order to reduce the risk of a transition to alcohol use disorder.
Benefits of protected area networks for breeding bird populations and communities

Protected areas are a cornerstone of international conservation. The EU Natura 2000 network is the largest coordinated network of protected areas in the world, but its impact on biodiversity at the landscape scale is largely unknown. Here, we use data from Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) survey squares across Britain to test whether species abundance and population trends and levels of bird community specialisation are correlated with protected area coverage of BBS survey squares or 5‐km buffers around BBS squares. We compared area coverage by Natura 2000 protection and by the less strict protection of Sites of Special Scientific Interest protection alone. The abundance of birds of higher conservation concern and an index of community specialisation were positively correlated with coverage by protected area within survey squares and in a 5‐km buffer around squares. Population trends of species of higher conservation concern were positively correlated with the coverage of squares by Sites of Special Scientific Interest and the coverage of Natura 2000 within a 5‐km buffer around squares. The results suggest that Natura 2000 protection, in particular has positive conservation benefits for birds of higher conservation concern and community specialisation. This highlights the importance of protected areas, especially those with strictest protection, for maintaining biodiversity. Post‐Brexit, the UK should adopt legislation that results in the maintenance and strengthening of the current protected area network, as enforcing protection at a level of that provided by the Nature Directives is essential. As currently around half of Natura 2000 sites are not in favourable condition, even greater conservation benefits might be accrued if protected area management were improved.
Remote observations with FLUOR and the CHARA Array

Two years ago, the FLUOR interferometric beam combiner moved from IOTA (Infrared Optical Telescopes Array, Mount Hopkins, AZ) to the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array (Mount Wilson, CA). Apart from offering the largest baselines in the northern hemisphere, this array can be fully operated remotely to allow observations from a distant place. We present here the automations added to the FLUOR hardware, as well as software modifications made in order to allow us to observe from Paris Observatory. We required the remote service to be as reactive as local observations, implying frequent communications between the instrument and the remote observer. We took particular attention to the available bandwidth and reactivity imposed by the secured connection (Virtual Private Network). The first tests are presented.
Laser intensity dependence of high-order harmonic generation from aligned CO2 molecules

We investigate experimentally the high-order harmonic generation from aligned CO2 molecules and demonstrate that the modulation inversion of the harmonic yield with respect to molecular alignment can be altered dramatically by fine-tuning the intensity of the driving laser pulse for harmonic generation. The results can be modeled by employing the strong field approximation including a ground state depletion factor. The laser intensity is thus proved to be a parameter that can control the high-harmonic emission from aligned molecules.
An Equivalent Point-Source Stochastic Simulation of the NGA-West2 Ground-Motion Prediction Equations

In this study, we use a genetic algorithm to invert horizontal groundmotion intensity measures (GMIMs) predicted from the empirical Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to estimate a consistent and correlated set of seismological parameters to use with an equivalent point-source stochastic model. The GMIMs are peak ground acceleration and pseudospectral acceleration evaluated over a wide range of magnitudes, distances, and frequencies. The inversion is performed for M 3:5–8:0, RRUP 1–300 km, T 0:01–10 s, and National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program (NEHRP) B/C site conditions. Seismological parameters are obtained as a function of earthquake magnitude. The near-source geometric spreading was modeled as both magnitudeand frequency dependent to fit the empirical predictions. The agreement between the model and empirical predictions over all magnitudes and distances evaluated in this study is generally within 10%, with some local exceptions. The near-source geometric spreading is consistent with a distance decay of R−0:8 to R−1:3 at frequencies of f ≤ 1 Hz for M ranging from 3.5 to 8. Near 5 Hz, the distance decay is expressed asR−1:17, on average at short distances. At larger frequencies, the near-source distance decay varies from R−1:0 toR−1:25. This stochastic model can be used for any application that requires a frequencydomain representation of the NGA-West2 GMPEs. Electronic Supplement: Plots showing comparisons of predicted response spectra from the median Next Generation Attenuation-West2 (NGA-West2) groundmotion prediction equations (GMPEs) with the predicted response spectra for different magnitudes, distances, and frequencies, and residuals versus frequency between the predicted response spectra from the median NGA-West2 GMPEs and the predicted response spectra for different magnitudes, distances, and frequencies.
Dynamic Semantics SLAM Based on Improved Mask R-CNN

Simulation localization and mapping(SLAM) is a popular research problem in the field of driverless cars, but there are still some difficult problems to solve. The conventional SLAM algorithm does not take into account the dynamic objects in the environment, resulting in problems such as low bit pose estimation. In this study, we provide a deep learning-based SLAM scheme. In order to solve the problem of inaccurate feature point extraction in a dynamic environment, this paper adopts image pyramid to distribute feature points uniformly and extracts feature points by using the adaptive thresholding method. To address the problem of incomplete dynamic object mask segmentation, an improved Mask R-CNN network was proposed to improve the integrity of the mask edges by adding an edge detection end to the Mask R-CNN network. To address the problem of incomplete dynamic feature point rejection, this study uses a motion consistency detection algorithm to detect dynamic feature points, and uses the remaining static features for bit pose estimation. The experimental results on the TUM R-GBD dataset show that the absolute trajectory error of the SLAM algorithm in this study is reduced by 93.2% on average compared to the ORB-SLAM2 algorithm. Compared to the Dyna-SLAM algorithm, the absolute trajectory error of the algorithm in this study was reduced by 36.6% on average.
A topological invariant for volume preserving diffeomorphisms

Abstract For a smooth diffeomorphism f in ℝn+2, which possesses an invariant n-torus , such that the restriction f is topologically conjugate to an irrational rotation, we define a number which represents the way the normal bundle to the torus asymptotically wraps around . We prove that this number is a topological invariant among volume-preserving maps. This result can be seen as a generalization of a theorem by Naishul, for which we give a simple proof.
Aggressive Behavior and Its Triggers Among Hospitalized Stroke Patients’ Entourages Toward Healthcare Staff

Background: Aggression toward staff and workplace violence are common problems worldwide that not only affect individuals' dignity but also affect their physical and emotional well-being. Objectives: The study was conducted aimed to investigate aggression correlations of hospitalized stroke patients' entourage toward healthcare staff. Methods: The cross-sectional study data were obtained by examining 194 hospitalized stroke patients’ entourages in a hospital in Iran from September to December 2020. A list of demographic information and patients' records, national institutes of health stroke scale, and hospital satisfaction questionnaire were used for data collection. To analyze data statistical tests such as Chi-square tests, t-test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used. Results: Prevalence of subjective anger and verbal aggression were 49.5% and 16.5%, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, the entourages with an academic education (P < 0.001), spouses of the patients (P = 0.029), and those having less satisfaction with stay aspects and physical comfort of the hospital (P < 0.0005) report more subjective anger and those with academic education (P < 0.001), less satisfied with staff behavior (P < 0.001), and more satisfied with physician care (P < 0.001) showed verbal aggression. Conclusions: Subjective anger and verbal aggression are common up to 50% among the entourages of hospitalized stroke patients. Likely paying more attention to the high-risk entourages and providing necessary training in the field of appropriate behaviors with entourages by the medical staff can reduce tension and aggression in stroke patients' entourages.
The BRCAness Landscape of Cancer

BRCAness refers to the damaged homologous recombination (HR) function due to the defects in HR-involved non-BRCA1/2 genes. BRCAness is the important marker for the use of synthetic lethal-based PARP inhibitor therapy in breast and ovarian cancer treatment. The success provides an opportunity of applying PARP inhibitor therapy to treat other cancer types with BRCAness features. However, systematic knowledge is lack for BRCAness in different cancer types beyond breast and ovarian cancer. We performed a comprehensive characterization for 40 BRCAness-related genes in 33 cancer types with over 10,000 cancer cases, including pathogenic variation, homozygotic deletion, promoter hypermethylation, gene expression, and clinical correlation of BRCAness in each cancer type. Using BRCA1/BRCA2 mutated breast and ovarian cancer as the control, we observed that BRCAness is widely present in multiple cancer types. Based on the sum of the BRCAneass features in each cancer type, we identified the following 21 cancer types as the potential targets for PARPi therapy: adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, colon adenocarcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, head and neck squamous carcinoma, kidney chromophobe, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, rectum adenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma.
Numeracy across grades – vertically scaling the Norwegian national numeracy tests

ABSTRACT Enabling comparable scores across grades is of interest for policymakers to evaluate educational systems, for researchers to investigate substantive questions, and for teachers to infer student growth. This study implemented a vertical scaling design to numeracy tests given in grades 5 and 8 as part of the Norwegian national testing system. Our design bridges the gap between grades 5 and 8 with a linking test tailored for grades 6 and 7, without the need for new item development. The design combines the existing administration for all grade 5 and 8 students with additional tests for samples of grade 6 and 7 students. The findings indicate that vertically scaling existing tests is possible through a cost-effective design and that numeracy, as measured by the Norwegian national tests, is comparable across four grades. We discuss the implications of our study for creating vertical scales in the context of national assessment systems.